bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoswitching of Copper(I) Chromophores with Dithienylethene‐Based Ligands
Authors: Xu Zhen , Cao Yang , Patrick Brian O. , Wolf Michael O. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetal‐containing dithienylethenes offer new opportunities for variations in photochromic behavior. This work reports a series of copper(I) complexes containing dithienylethene‐based bidentate phosphine ligands displaying varying photochromic properties. A copper dimer is used as a common precursor, allowing diverse photochromic functionality to be achieved. Calculations show that ring closing of the peripheral dithienyl moiety leads to a slight expansion of the five‐membered metallacycle. The photochromic properties and photoreaction quantum yields of these complexes are tunable by variation of the ancillary ligands. Photoswitchable catalysis of a hydroboration reaction with one of the copper complexes is demonstrated.
Obtaining a Low and Wide Atomic Layer Deposition Window (150–275 °C) for In2O3 Films Using an InIII Amidinate and H2O
Authors: Kim Sang Bok , Jayaraman Ashwin , Chua Danny , Davis Luke M. , Zheng Shao‐Liang , Zhao Xizhu , Lee Sunghwan , Gordon Roy G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIndium oxide is a major component of many technologically important thin films, most notably the transparent conductor indium tin oxide (ITO). Despite being pyrophoric, homoleptic indium(III) alkyls do not allow atomic layer deposition (ALD) of In2O3 using water as a co‐precursor at substrate temperatures below 200 °C. Several alternative indium sources have been developed, but none allows ALD at lower temperatures except in the presence of oxidants such as O2 or O3, which are not compatible with some substrates or alloying processes. We have synthesized a new indium precursor, tris(N,N′‐diisopropylformamidinato)indium(III), compound 1, which allows ALD of pure, carbon‐free In2O3 films using H2O as the only co‐reactant, on substrates in the temperature range 150–275 °C. In contrast, replacing just the H of the anionic iPrNC(H)NiPr ligand with a methyl group (affording the known tris(N,N′‐diisopropylacetamidinato)indium(III), compound 2) results in a considerably higher and narrower ALD window in the analogous reaction with H2O (225–300 °C). Kinetic studies demonstrate that a higher rate of surface reactions in both parts of the ALD cycle gives rise to this difference in the ALD windows.
Radial Diffusers – Simulation of Three‐Dimensional Flow Effects with CFD (Part 2)
Authors: Findeisen Fabian , Urbaneck Thorsten , Platzer Bernd 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRadialdiffusoren dienen der Be‐ und Entladung von thermischen Speichern und beeinflussen erheblich die Ausbildung der thermischen Schichtung. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dreidimensionalen Strömungseffekten während des Schichtungsaufbaus in einem Warmwasserspeicher. Über dem Umfang des Radialdiffusorauslasses kann eine ungleich verteilte Ausströmung auftreten, die mit einer stärkeren Vermischung als bei einer rotationssymmetrischen Ausströmung einhergeht. Die Ursachen für diesen Effekt werden erläutert und Gegenmaßnahmen in Teil 3 der Veröffentlichungsreihe vorgestellt.
Transient manifestation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction following ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Minamisaka Tomoko , Watanabe Tetsuya , Shinoda Yukinori , Ikeoka Kuniyasu , Fukuoka Hidetada , Inui Hirooki , Ueno Keisuke , Inoue Soki , Mine Kentaro , Hoshida Shiro 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundIn patients with atrial fibrillation, ablation decreases left atrial (LA) compliance, which may lead to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. We aimed to examine serial changes in LV diastolic function after 2 ablation procedures and their related factors in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).HypothesisLV diastolic function is different after 2 ablation procedures.MethodsWe enrolled 132 patients with PAF (76 males, mean age 67 years; cryoballoon [CB] ablation/radiofrequency [RF] ablation 60/72) who underwent a single ablation procedure. The transthoracic echocardiographic parameters were obtained before, 3 days after, and 6 months after ablation.ResultsThe afterload‐related index of LV diastolic function, Ed/Ea = E/e' / (0.9 × systolic blood pressure), increased significantly at 3 days after ablation, especially after CB ablation (P <0.05), although no differences were observed in age, sex, LA size, LV size, and E/e' before ablation between CB ablation and RF ablation. Creatine kinase release after ablation was significantly higher in CB ablation than in RF ablation (P <0.001). The increment of Ed/Ea after CB ablation was positively correlated with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) before ablation (r =0.416; P <0.05). The elderly (age ≥ 75 years), females, and patients with hypertension were more likely to show impaired LV diastolic function transiently after 3 days of ablation, but the diastolic index was restored to baseline level after 6 months.ConclusionsThe increased Ed/Ea after CB ablation represented transient manifestation of underlying LV diastolic dysfunction in PAF patients with preserved LVEF with older age, female sex, and a history of hypertension.
Phase 1 Study of the Pharmacology of BTI320 Before High‐Glycemic Meals
Authors: Luke David R. , Lee Karen Ka Yan , Rausch Carl W. , Cheng Camille 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBTI320 is a proprietary fractionated mannan polysaccharide being studied for attenuation of postprandial glucose excursion. The apparent blood glucose‐lowering effect of this compound is effective in lowering postprandial hyperinsulinemia, participating in the metabolic regulation of other lipid molecules; the consequence of this activity is yet to be validated with BTI320 with respect to the risk of cardiovascular disease. The primary objective of the study was to determine the postprandial glucose and insulin responses to 3 test meals containing rice alone or consumed with BTI320 (study A) or 3 test meals (SpriteTM) alone or consumed with BTI320 (study B). Twenty overweight but otherwise healthy volunteers, 4 female and 6 male (mean age 29 years, BMI 27–28 kg/m2) in study A and 6 female and 4 male (mean age 32 years, BMI 25‐32 kg/m2) in study B participated in the BTI320 evaluations. Standardized postprandial response methodology was utilized. In study A the addition of 6‐ and 12‐g BTI320 tablets reduced postprandial glucose responses to white rice by 19% and 32% and reduced postprandial insulin responses by 16% and 24%, respectively (P ≤ .05). In study B 2.6 and 5.2 g BTI320 reduced the glycemic index by 10% and 14%, respectively, and led to 14% and 18% decreases in the insulinemic index of the soft drink (P ≤ .05). These 2 studies demonstrated that the consumption of BTI320 before carbohydrate food or sugary beverage significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels and insulin responses to that meal or beverage in a dose‐dependent manner.
2‐Acetyl‐1,3‐Diacyl–sn‐Glycerols with Unusual Acyl Composition in Seed Oils of the Genus Polygala
Authors: Smith Mark A. , Zhang Haixia , Burton Ian W. , Liu Chao , Cheng An‐Wei , Sun Jin‐Yue 
Published: June 2018

Seed oils containing unusual triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules, where one fatty acid of a TAG is substituted by an acetate group (Ac), are uncommon but of considerable interest as potential low‐viscosity biofuels and lubricants or reduced calorie food ingredients. Although the properties and pathway of biosynthesis of 3‐acetyl‐1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerols (sn‐3‐acTAGs) have been described, little is known about the occurrence of 2‐acetyl‐1,3‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerols (sn‐2‐acTAGs). Prompted by a report of sn‐2‐acTAGs in the seeds of Polygala virgata, a study of the seed oil of seven members of this genus, and two related species is conducted. The presence of sn‐2‐acTAG and lesser amounts of conventional TAG is conclusively demonstrated in Polygala seed oil by Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and high resolution C13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C13 NMR). Analysis of seed fatty acids reveals a diversity of composition with oils from P. myrtifolia and P. fruticosa dominated by the medium‐chain fatty acid (MCFA) myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) at an average of 79.8 and 74.1% of total seed fatty acids, respectively. In contrast, MCFAs are absent from oils from P. tenuifolia and P. virgata, with the very‐long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) gondoic acid (cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid) being most abundant. Polygala species therefore represent a rich source of sn‐2‐acTAGs and uncommon fatty acids.Practical applications: The seed oils of Polygala species contain a highly unusual combination of sn‐2‐acTAGs and uncommon fatty acids. These plants can serve as a unique genetic resource for the elucidation of the pathways of biosynthesis of these lipids and the identification of genes for the engineering of novel oils in transgenic plants. As Polygala is morphologically diverse genus ranging from annual herbs to small trees, identification of species with suitable seed production and agronomic characteristics may allow the commercial production of novel oils for specific higher value uses.Plant seed oils are generally composed primarily of triacylglycerol (TAG). In this article, the authors examine the seed oils of seven species in the genus Polygala and report the occurrence of an unusual lipid, 2‐acetyl‐1,3‐diacyl–sn‐glycerol (sn‐2 acTAG). These plants also produce unusual fatty acids in their seed oil, with Polygala tenuifolia being enriched in gondoic acid (cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid, 20:1Δ11) and Polygala myrtifolia containing myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid, 14:0). The genus Polygala represents a potential source of novel oil and a resource for the characterization of sn‐2 acTAG biosynthesis.
Carbon molecular sieve based micro‐matrix‐solid‐phase dispersion for the extraction of polyphenols in pomegranate peel by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS
Authors: Du Li‐Jing , Huang Jian‐Ping , Wang Bin , Wang Chen‐Hui , Wang Qiu‐Yan , Hu Yu‐Han , Yi Ling , Cao Jun , Peng Li‐Qing , Chen Yu‐Bo , Zhang Qi‐Dong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA rapid, simple, and efficient sample extraction method based on micro‐matrix‐solid‐phase dispersion (micro‐MSPD) was applied to the extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel. Five target analytes were determined by ultra‐HPLC coupled with Q‐TOF/MS. Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) was firstly used as dispersant to improve extraction efficiency in micro‐MSPD. The major micro‐MSPD parameters, such as type of dispersant, amount of dispersant, grinding time, and the type and the volume of elution solvents, were studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, 26 mg of pomegranate peel was dispersed with 32.5 mg of CMS, the grinding time was selected as 90 s, the dispersed sample was eluted with 100 μL of methanol. Results showed that the proposed method was of good linearity for concentrations of analytes against their peak areas (coefficient of determination r2 > 0.990), the LOD was as low as 3.2 ng/mL, and the spiking recoveries were between 88.1 and 106%. Satisfactory results were obtained for the extraction of gallic acid, punicalagin A, punicalagin B, catechin, and ellagic acid from pomegranate peel sample, which demonstrated nice reliability and high sensitivity of this approach.
Cobaltic Core‐Carbon Shell Nanoparticles/N‐Doped Graphene Composites as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Gao Qiao , Huang Ying , Han Xiaopeng , Qin Xiulan , Zhao Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) catalysts of fuel cells with low cost, high electrocatalytic properties are desirable but challenging. Herein, an effective and facile route was developed to synthesize cobaltic core‐carbon shell nanoparticles/N‐Doped Graphene (CS−Co/NGs), which can serve as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. The MOFs in the process acted as the carbon source and nitrogen source, and the polyethyleneimine (PEI) was employed as another special nitrogen source which can also avoid aggregation of the MOFs, then composited with graphene and carbonized at different temperatures under Ar atmosphere, all samples showed electrocatalytic activity for ORRs in alkaline media. CS−Co/NG‐650 exhibited superior catalytic activity, the onset potential was −0.075 V and the half‐wave potential was −0.150 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), even 15 mV surpassed than that of Pt/C (0.165 V), it also displayed excellent long‐term durability and outstanding methanol tolerance. The superb catalytic performance was attributed to the generated mesoporous, the core‐shell nanostructure derived from MOFs, the proper nitrogen source and the high conductivity of the graphene carbon matrix.
Persistent reductions in the bioavailability of PCBs at a tidally inundated Phragmites australis marsh amended with activated carbon
Authors: Sanders James P. , Andrade Natasha A. , Menzie Charles A. , Amos C. Bennett , Gilmour Cynthia C. , Henry Elizabeth A. , Brown Steven S. , Ghosh Upal 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

In situ amendment of sediments with highly sorbent materials like activated carbon (AC) is an increasingly viable strategy to reduce the bioavailability of persistent, sediment-associated contaminants to benthic communities. Because in situ sediment remediation is an emerging strategy, much remains to be learned about the field conditions under which amendments can be effective, the resilience of amendment materials toward extreme weather conditions, and the optimal design of engineered applications. We report the results of a multiyear, pilot-scale field investigation designed to measure the persistence and efficacy of AC amendments to reduce the bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an intertidal Phragmites marsh. The amendments tested were granular AC (GAC), GAC with a layer of sand, and a pelletized fine AC. Key metrics presented include vertically resolved black carbon concentrations in sediment and PCB concentrations in sediment, porewater, and several invertebrate species. The results demonstrate that all 3 amendments withstood Hurricane Sandy and remained in place for the duration of the study, successfully reducing porewater PCB concentrations by 34 to 97%. Reductions in invertebrate bioaccumulation were observed in all amendment scenarios, with pelletized fine AC producing the most pronounced effect. The present findings support the use of engineered AC amendments in intertidal marshes and can be used to inform amendment design, delivery, and monitoring at other contaminated sediment sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2496–2505. © 2018 SETAC
Evaluating a Stakeholder-Driven Bass Regulation Change in Florida: Agency Staff and Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Morales Nia A , Martin Allen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We evaluated stakeholder engagement aspects of a statewide Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides regulation change in Florida. Staff from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) who worked on the project and stakeholders who participated in outreach were interviewed and/or surveyed about their opinions of the process. This was the largest stakeholder engagement process ever conducted by FWC for freshwater fisheries management decision making; therefore, an evaluation was critical to measure the success of the process and to inform future stakeholder engagement. Staff reflected positively on the process but noted breakdowns in communication and a lack of human dimensions expertise. Stakeholders felt that their input was appreciated and used by the agency to aid in decision making. This evaluation illustrates where the project was effective and areas where improvements can be made for future projects.
Heating of Low and High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells with Alternating Current
Authors: Kurz T. , Küfner F. , Gerteisen D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn innovative method for heating proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks during start‐up by direct heating of the cells is presented and investigated. By imposing an alternating current on the stack, heat is generated locally depending on the internal cell resistance. It is shown, that an alternating current (AC) perturbation with a suitable high frequency mainly heats the ohmic resistors which are membrane and contact interfaces. The electrodes are protected from voltage cycling, due to (de)charging currents of the double layer capacitances at high frequency. This AC heating technique is applied on a 6‐cell low temperature (LT) PEMFC stack and a 30‐cell high temperature (HT) PEMFC stack, both with an active area of approximately 30 cm2. Both stacks are heated under realistic temperature conditions, the LTPEMFC stack from sub‐zero temperatures to 40 °C and the HTPEMFC stack from room temperature to 120 °C. Heating times are shown and discussed for different stack geometries and voltages. In both cases, this strategy leads to a short and efficient heating, as the cells are heated directly and not externally by coolant or other stack components.
Well‐being and pressures of daily life in two West Bank villages—Exploring context and history
Authors: Rabaia Yoke , de Jong Joop , Abdullah Anita , Giacaman Rita , van de Ven Peter 
Published: June 2018

Interest in the well‐being of people exposed to long‐term violence and conflict has tended to focus on measurable effects of acute traumatic events, while attention to the pressures of their daily living context is relatively new. Using qualitative and quantitative data from a 2005 survey of all female family caretakers in 2 neighbouring Israeli‐occupied West Bank villages (n = 820), we explored the associations of demographic, health‐related and contextual factors with reported pressures and WHO‐5 well‐being index scores. The final model explained 17.8% of the variance with negative associations between health‐related factors (“back‐aches,” “stomach aches” “psychological illness in the family”) and family‐related factors (“male head of household aggressive”, “male head of household physically violent”) and the WHO‐5 well‐being index scores. We found positive associations between socio‐economic factors (“standard of living”; “number of rooms”) and village‐related factors (“residency in village A/B”) and the WHO‐5 well‐being index score. Exploring the daily living context of villages A and B illuminated how the impact of historical and political events differed, even in villages that are geographically close. The paper lends support to calls for including politics and history in research on well‐being in contexts of long‐term violence and conflict.
ILA2017 Standards: Key Notions, Challenges, and Opportunities for Middle and High School Classroom Teachers
Authors: Kern Diane , Bean Rita M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe cochairs of the International Literacy Association’s 2017 Standards provide a hands‐on guide to using the updated standards for middle and high school classroom teachers. The authors discuss four key notions: Disciplinary literacy instruction enhances content area learning, culturally responsive instruction is critical in our diverse society, the concept of literacy is expanding and changing, and professional learning provides for both personal and organizational growth. The authors share updated references, teaching scenarios, examples of practical implications for classroom teachers across the disciplines, and considerations for teacher educators. The piece concludes with the challenges and opportunities that the new standards present.
Accuracy of a Portable Indirect Calorimeter for Measuring Resting Energy Expenditure in Individuals With Cancer
Authors: Purcell Sarah A. , Elliott Sarah A. , Ryan Aoife M. , Sawyer Michael B. , Prado Carla M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundDetermining optimal caloric intake for an individual with cancer is complicated by metabolic changes that occur, namely, alterations in resting energy expenditure (REE). There is currently no validated clinically available equation or tool to measure energy expenditure in these patients.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed solid tumors underwent REE assessments using the FitMate GS portable indirect calorimeter and reference VMax metabolic cart; both used canopy hoods. REE was also estimated from the Harris‐Benedict, Mifflin St. Jeor, and Henry equations for comparison. Data were analyzed using paired samples t‐test and the Bland‐Altman approach to assess group‐level and individual‐level agreement compared with the metabolic cart.ResultsA total 26 patients (19 males; body mass index: 27.8 ± 5.5 kg/m2; age: 62 ± 10 years) participated in the study. Biases for the FitMate GS and both equations were low (ranging from −44 to −92 kcal or −2.3% to −5.1%), indicating good group‐level accuracy. The FitMate GS had low bias, but the widest limits of agreement (−28.0% to 21.2%) compared with the 3 equations (Harris‐Benedict: −15.8% to 11.2%; Mifflin St. Jeor: −17.1% to 6.9%; Henry: −15.4% to 11.5%). These differences were not due to volume of oxygen, BMI category, or sex.ConclusionFitMate GS performed well on a group level, but its accuracy was poor on an individual level. Further research should develop better equations and validate tools to measure energy expenditure for accurate dietary recommendations for patients at nutrition risk.
Extraction and determination of trace amounts of three anticancer pharmaceuticals in urine by three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction based on two immiscible organic solvents followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Nazaripour Ali , Yamini Yadollah , Bagheri Hasan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn automated three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction based on two immiscible organic solvents followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV–Vis detection method was applied for the extraction and determination of exemestane, letrozole, and paclitaxel in water and urine samples. n‐Dodecane was selected as the supported liquid membrane and its polarity was justified by trioctylphosphine oxide. Acetonitrile was used as an organic acceptor phase with desirable immiscibility having n‐dodecane. All the effective parameters of the microextraction procedure such as type of the organic acceptor phase, the supported liquid membrane composition, extraction time, pH of the donor phase, hollow fiber length, stirring rate, and ionic strength were evaluated and optimized separately by a one variable at‐a‐time method. Under the optimal conditions, the linear dynamic ranges were 1.8–200 (R2 = 0.9991), 0.9–200 (R2 = 0.9987) and 1.2–200 μg/L (R2 = 0.9983), and the limits of detection were 0.6, 0.3, and 0.4 μg/L for exemestane, letrozole, and paclitaxel, respectively. To evaluate the capability of the proposed method in the analysis of biological samples, three different urinary samples were analyzed under the optimal conditions. The relative recoveries of the three pharmaceuticals were in the range of 91–107.3% for these three analytes.