bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A printed information leaflet about MRI and radiologists improves neuroradiology patient health literacy
Authors: Ginat Daniel Thomas , Christoforidis Gregory 
Published: July 2018

Purpose To determine the health literacy benefit of a printed informational leaflet for patients scheduled to undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Methods and materials A two-page leaflet that provided an overview of MRI and the role of radiologists was prepared and given to outpatients scheduled to undergo brain MRI examinations while in the waiting room. A survey composed mainly of yes/no and Likert scale questions pertaining to the leaflet, as well as patient demographics, was administered to the patients. Results A total of 147 patients completed the survey, of which 110 (75%) had undergone a prior MRI scan, 120 (82%) stated that their ordering provider explained the reason for the MRI scan, and less than 1% reported having referenced online resources related to MRI. The average score for how well patients understood the MRI scan procedure and how it is reviewed was 4.16/5 (standard deviation 1.18) before versus 4.39/5 (standard deviation 1.08) after reading the leaflet, which was a statistically significant improvement based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test ( P < 0.01). The score for how helpful the reading material was for explaining what is MRI was 4.06/5 (standard deviation 1.02) and the score for how helpful the reading material was for explaining what is a radiologist was 4.18/5 (standard deviation 0.98). Conclusion A printed leaflet about MRI and radiologists can serve as an opportunity to educate patients about certain aspects of their scans during their stay in the waiting room.
Relationship of Glove Arm Kinematics With Established Pitching Kinematic and Kinetic Variables Among Youth Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Barfield Jeff W. , Anz Adam W. , Andrews James R. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: July 2018

Background: While the kinematics of the pitching arm, trunk, and pelvis have been described and studied, glove arm kinematics remain an understudied portion of the pitching motion. Baseball pitchers seek to achieve maximum ball velocity in a fashion that does not place the arm at risk of injury. Purpose: To assess the relationship between glove arm shoulder horizontal abduction and elbow flexion and pitching arm kinematics and kinetics among youth pitchers to determine whether recommendations can be made toward a safer pitching motion. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Thirty-three right-handed youth male baseball pitchers (mean ± SD: age, 13.6 ± 2.0 years; height, 169.4 ± 14.3 cm; weight, 63.5 ± 13.0 kg; experience, 7.3 ± 3.0 years) threw 3 fastballs to a catcher while kinematic data were collected with an electromagnetic tracking system. The Spearman rank-order test was used to identify relationships between glove arm horizontal abduction and glove arm elbow flexion and various kinematics and kinetics found at maximum shoulder external rotation (MER) and ball release for the fastest fastball delivered by each participant. Results: At MER, there were significant relationships found between a more flexed glove arm elbow and increased pitching arm elbow valgus force ( rs[31] = –0.52, P = .002), increased pitching arm shoulder anterior force ( rs = –0.39, P = .024), and decreased hip velocity ( rs[31] = –0.45, P = .009). Additionally, there were significant relationships between greater glove arm horizontal abduction at MER and increased pitching arm humeral velocity ( rs[31] = 0.52, P = .002) and increased trunk rotational velocity ( rs[31] = 0.40, P = .022) at MER. Conclusion: A more extended glove arm elbow and more horizontally abducted glove arm shoulder at MER could prove to be more advantageous for performance and possibly be a safer motion for the baseball thrower. Clinical Relevance: The orthopaedic community can dictate safer biomechanics when communicating with pitchers, trainers, and pitching coaches.
Outcomes From Conservative Treatment of Shoulder Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis and Factors Associated With Developing Contralateral Disease
Authors: Lamplot Joseph D. , Lillegraven Olivia , Brophy Robert H. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis is a common condition resulting in painful multidirectional restriction of motion without other identifiable shoulder abnormality. First-line therapies for this condition are nonoperative, but limited data are available regarding which treatments are most effective. Factors associated with contralateral disease are not well established. Hypothesis: Younger patients will have a better response to treatments, and older patients and patients with diabetes will be more likely to develop contralateral disease. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients diagnosed with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis were treated with a single intra-articular glenohumeral injection of local anesthetic and corticosteroid as well as 4 weeks of supervised physical therapy (PT). Patients were re-evaluated monthly and received additional conservative treatment based on failure to restore normal motion. Patient-reported outcome scores and range of motion were used to assess treatment efficacy. Results: Minimum 2-year follow-up data (mean, 3.4 years) were available for 60 of 75 eligible patients (80%). Patients who did not attend supervised PT as prescribed were more likely to undergo repeat injection due to a lack of adequate range of motion at follow-up ( P = .003). Conservative therapy failed in 2 patients (3.3%), and they underwent arthroscopic release and manipulation under anesthesia. Twenty-two patients (36.7%) were subsequently diagnosed with contralateral idiopathic adhesive capsulitis, with a higher incidence in patients with diabetes ( P = .009) and patients younger than 50 years ( P = .005). American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improved from 41.2 (95% CI, 33.0-49.4) at baseline to 92.0 (95% CI, 88.4-95.6) at final follow-up ( P < .0001). Patients with diabetes had a decrease in Shoulder Activity Scale score at final follow-up ( P = .049). Conclusion: Conservative treatment for idiopathic adhesive capsulitis resulted in good clinical outcomes with a low incidence of surgical intervention. Physical therapy reduced the use of a second injection as part of treatment in this treatment algorithm. Young patients and patients with diabetes may be more likely to develop contralateral disease.
The relationship between gestures and non-verbal communication and attentional processing in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Pudło Monika , Pisula Ewa 
Published: July 2018

Background and aims The links between gestures and various attentional processes in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder have not been studied sufficiently. Previous studies have highlighted the impact of orienting attention on the efficacy of gestures without exploring the influence of alerting and top–down attentional processes. The aim of the present study was to explore the links between attentional processes and indicators of descriptive, conventional and emotional gestures as well as other aspects of nonverbal communication in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder ( N = 46). Methods The attention network test and colour trails test were used to measure attentional processes, whereas descriptive, conventional and emotional gestures were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the autism diagnostic interview . Analysis showed a significant correlation between gestures with alerting, orienting and executive attention. Conclusions The relevant structural equation model revealed that attentional processes have an impact on gestures, but gestures do not have an impact on attentional processes. Emotional gestures are linked to alerting. Spatial-visual search was related to facial expression and the integration of nonverbal communication with behaviour. There was no significant interaction between executive attention and gestures. Implications The obtained results are discussed with reference both to gesture development and studies on attention in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
Postoperative Complication Rates in 23- vs 25-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Igelman Austin D. , Johnson John A. , Taylor Stanford C. , Alonzo Brock J. , Bailey Steven T. , Lauer Andreas K. , Hwang Thomas S. , Lin Phoebe , Campbell John P. , Choi Dongseok , Flaxel Christina J. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare rates of clinically significant complications between 23- and 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in vitreoretinal surgery. Methods: Demographics, PPV indication, and surgical complications were reviewed. Patients with prior PPV or other retina surgery; cases requiring silicone oil removal, keratoplasty, or glaucoma valve implant; patients <18 years old; or patients with <4 months of follow-up were excluded. Comparative and descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data. Results: A total of 579 eyes met inclusion criteria, and their charts were reviewed. Demographics, PPV indication, follow-up time, and lens status were similar ( P > .05). A 23-gauge PPV was performed more frequently than a 25-gauge PPV (328 vs 251 eyes, respectively). Although rates of eyes with a clinically significant postoperative complication requiring surgical intervention were higher in 23-gauge PPV (112/325, 34.4%) than in 25-gauge PPV (54/250, 21.6%), PPVs indicated by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were more common with 23-gauge PPVs (155/325, 47.7%) than with 25-gauge PPVs (37/250, 14.8%; P <.001) and were more likely to have postoperative complications; however, rates of recurrent retinal detachments were not different in the 2 cohorts ( P = .862). When controlling for differences in indication, there was a moderately higher rate of postoperative complications following 23-gauge PPV ( P = .063). Conclusions: This retrospective review suggests that clinically significant complications are moderately more likely following 23-gauge PPV compared with 25-gauge PPV, even when the differences in surgical indication are considered.
Does experience provide a permissive or instructive influence on the development of direction selectivity in visual cortex?
Authors: Roy Arani , Christie Ian K. , Escobar Gina M. , Osik Jason J. , Popović Marjena , Ritter Neil J. , Stacy Andrea K. , Wang Shen , Fiser Jozsef , Miller Paul , Van Hooser Stephen D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn principle, the development of sensory receptive fields in cortex could arise from experience-independent mechanisms that have been acquired through evolution, or through an online analysis of the sensory experience of the individual animal. Here we review recent experiments that suggest that the development of direction selectivity in carnivore visual cortex requires experience, but also suggest that the experience of an individual animal cannot greatly influence the parameters of the direction tuning that emerges, including direction angle preference and speed tuning. The direction angle preference that a neuron will acquire can be predicted from small initial biases that are present in the naïve cortex prior to the onset of visual experience. Further, experience with stimuli that move at slow or fast speeds does not alter the speed tuning properties of direction-selective neurons, suggesting that speed tuning preferences are built in. Finally, unpatterned optogenetic activation of the cortex over a period of a few hours is sufficient to produce the rapid emergence of direction selectivity in the naïve ferret cortex, suggesting that information about the direction angle preference that cells will acquire must already be present in the cortical circuit prior to experience. These results are consistent with the idea that experience has a permissive influence on the development of direction selectivity.
Hydrocarbon generation and evolution of the source rocks of the lower Es3 and upper Es4 members of the Shahejie Formation in the Niuzhuang Sub-sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China
Authors: Huang Zhenkai , Li Maowen , Liu Quanyou , Xie Xiaomin , Liu Peng , Cao Tingting , Jiang Qigui , Li Zhiming 
Published: July 2018

Systematic organic petrology and geochemistry analyses have been conducted in the source rocks of the lower Es3 and upper Es4 members of the Shahejie Formation in the Niuzhuang Sub-sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. The results indicate that the main organic types of shale and nongypsum mudstone in the lower Es3 and upper Es4 member are I-II1 kerogen, and the predominant ([Formula: see text]) activation energy frequencies range from 57 to [Formula: see text]. The similar distribution characteristics in the two source rocks indicate that they have a similar hydrocarbon maturation process. An extensive pyrolysis analysis indicates that the source rocks of the upper Es4 member do not have an obvious double peak hydrocarbon generation model. Previous studies indicate that the hydrocarbon index peak at a depth of 2500–2700 m is affected by migrating hydrocarbon. Major differences are not observed in the hydrocarbon generation and evolution process of the shale and nongypsum mudstone. The primary oil generation threshold of the lower Es3 and upper Es4 members is approximately 3200 m, and the oil generation peak is approximately 3500 m. The activation energy distribution of the gypsum mudstone of the upper Es4 member is wider than that of the shale and nongypsum mudstone, and lower activation energies account for a larger proportion of the activation energies. The above factors may lead to a shallower oil generation threshold for gypsum mudstone compared with that for shale and nongypsum mudstone.
Direct control of somatic stem cell proliferation factors by the Drosophila testis stem cell niche
Authors: Albert Eugene A. , Puretskaia Olga A. , Terekhanova Nadezhda V. , Labudina Anastasia , Bökel Christian 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Niches have traditionally been characterised as signalling microenvironments that allow stem cells to maintain their fate. This definition implicitly assumes that the various niche signals are integrated towards a binary fate decision between stemness and differentiation. However, observations in multiple systems have demonstrated that stem cell properties, such as proliferation and self-renewal, can be uncoupled at the level of niche signalling input, which is incompatible with this simplified view. We have studied the role of the transcriptional regulator Zfh1, a shared target of the Hedgehog and Jak/Stat niche signalling pathways, in the somatic stem cells of the Drosophila testis. We found that Zfh1 binds and downregulates salvador and kibra, two tumour suppressor genes of the Hippo/Wts/Yki pathway, thereby restricting Yki activation and proliferation to the Zfh1+ stem cells. These observations provide an unbroken link from niche signal input to an individual aspect of stem cell behaviour that does not, at any step, involve a fate decision. We discuss the relevance of these findings for an overall concept of stemness and niche function.
Opposing effects of intracellular versus extracellular adenine nucleotides on autophagy: implications for β-cell function
Authors: Israeli Tal , Riahi Yael , Saada Ann , Yefet Devorah , Cerasi Erol , Tirosh Boaz , Leibowitz Gil 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
AMPK–mTORC1 signaling senses nutrient availability, thereby regulating autophagy. Surprisingly, we found that, in β-cells, the AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited, rather than stimulated, autophagy. AICAR is an intermediate in the generation of inosine monophosphate, with subsequent conversion to other purine nucleotides. Adenosine regulated autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner: at high concentrations, it mimicked the AICAR effect on autophagy, whereas at low concentrations it stimulated autophagy through its cognate A1 receptor. Adenosine regulation of autophagy was independent of AMPK or mTORC1 activity. Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the principal enzyme for metabolic adenosine clearance. ADK knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme markedly stimulated autophagy in an adenosine A1 receptor-dependent manner. High-concentration adenosine increased insulin secretion in a manner sensitive to treatment with the autophagy inducer Tat-beclin1, and inhibition of autophagy augmented secretion. In conclusion, high concentrations of AICAR or adenosine inhibit autophagy, whereas physiological concentrations of adenosine or inhibition of adenosine clearance by ADK stimulate autophagy via the adenosine receptor. Adenosine might thus be an autocrine regulator of autophagy, independent of AMPK–mTORC1 signaling. Adenosine regulates insulin secretion, in part, through modulation of autophagy.
FGFR2-activating mutations disrupt cell polarity to potentiate migration and invasion in endometrial cancer cell models
Authors: Stehbens Samantha J. , Ju Robert J. , Adams Mark N. , Perry Samuel R. , Haass Nikolas K. , Bryant David M. , Pollock Pamela M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases that control a diverse range of biological processes during development and in adult tissues. We recently reported that somatic FGFR2 mutations are associated with shorter survival in endometrial cancer. However, little is known about how these FGFR2 mutations contribute to endometrial cancer metastasis. Here, we report that expression of the activating mutations FGFR2N550K and FGFR2Y376C in an endometrial cancer cell model induce Golgi fragmentation, and loss of polarity and directional migration. In mutant FGFR2-expressing cells, this was associated with an inability to polarise intracellular pools of FGFR2 towards the front of migrating cells. Such polarization defects were exacerbated in three-dimensional culture, where FGFR2 mutant cells were unable to form well-organised acini, instead undergoing exogenous ligand-independent invasion. Our findings uncover collective cell polarity and invasion as common targets of disease-associated FGFR2 mutations that lead to poor outcome in endometrial cancer patients.
Primary cilia are necessary for Prx1-expressing cells to contribute to postnatal skeletogenesis
Authors: Moore Emily R. , Yang Yuchen , Jacobs Christopher R. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Although Prx1 (also known as PRRX1)-expressing cells and their primary cilia are critical for embryonic development, they have yet to be studied in the context of postnatal skeletogenesis owing to the lethality of mouse models. A tamoxifen-inducible Prx1 model has been developed, and we determined that expression directed by this promoter is highly restricted to the cambium layers in the periosteum and perichondrium after birth. To determine the postnatal role of these cambium layer osteochondroprogenitors (CLOPs) and their primary cilia, we developed models to track the fate of CLOPs (Prx1CreER-GFP;Rosa26tdTomato) and selectively disrupt their cilia (Prx1CreER-GFP;Ift88fl/fl). Our tracking studies revealed that CLOPs populate cortical and trabecular bone, the growth plate and secondary ossification centers during the normal program of postnatal skeletogenesis. Furthermore, animals lacking CLOP cilia exhibit stunted limb growth due to disruptions in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Histological examination indicates that growth is stunted due to limited differentiation, proliferation and/or abnormal hypertrophic differentiation in the growth plate. Collectively, our results suggest that CLOPs are programmed to rapidly populate distant tissues and produce bone via a primary cilium-mediated mechanism in the postnatal skeleton.
Asset Pricing Implications of Short-Sale Constraints in Imperfectly Competitive Markets
Authors: Liu Hong , Wang Yajun 
Published: July 2018

We study the impact of short-sale constraints on market prices and liquidity in imperfectly competitive markets in which market makers have market power. In contrast to the existing literature, we show that because competition is imperfect, short-sale constraints decrease bid prices, increase ask prices, and drive up bid-ask spread volatility, with or without information asymmetry. If market makers are risk neutral, then short-sale constraints do not affect ask prices or ask depths. In addition, the impact of short-sale constraints can increase with market transparency. Our main results are unaffected by endogenous information acquisition or reduced information revelation because of short-sale constraints. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Whooping cough
Authors: Duncan Debbie 
Published: July 2018

Whooping cough is a highly contagious, notifiable, bacterial disease caused by the Gram-negative bacteria, Bordetella pertussis, which lives in the respiratory tract. The disease presents at the catarrhal stage from day 0–week 2. This is followed by the paroxysmal stage from week 2–4. The final stage is the convulsant stage from week 4–6. Whooping cough affects all age groups, but there appears to be a higher incidence among secondary school-age children. Although the symptoms of pertussis in older children/adults can be less severe than in infants, they can become a reservoir and a source of transmission to more vulnerable infants. It is therefore important to be able to identify the disease and notify the local public health officer as soon as possible. This article will consider the case study of a young man who presented in primary care with a potential case of whooping cough. It outlines the process of assessment and diagnosis and his resultant diagnosis. It also reviews the management of whooping cough.
Physical characteristics and NaCl content of urine white male rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) after orally intakes of cogon grass rhizome (Imperata cylindrica L.) extract
Authors: SURATMAN SURATMAN , LISTYAWATI SHANTI , SUTARNO SUTARNO 
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were to find out the effects of orally intakes of cogon grass rhizome (Imperata cylindrica L.) extract on physical characteristics and NaCl content of urine, and the dosage of the extract that able to significantly change the physical characteristics and the content of NaCl on the urine white males rat (Rattus norvegicus L.). Complete Randomized Design with six groups and five replications to each group was used in this study. The treatment applied for those groups were: aquadest 2 ml/200 g BW, HCT 0,32 mg/200 g BW, CMC 2% 2 ml/200 g BW, the cogon grass rhizome extract 5 mg/200 g BW, the cogon grass rhizome extract 10 mg/200 g BW and the cogon grass rhizome extract 20 mg/200 g BW for groups I to VI respectively. The parameters used for the physical characteristics of the urine were volume, color, clearness, pH, density and urine sediments. Analysis of NaCl content was done by Fantus method. Data collected were then analyzed using ANOVA and continued with DMRT test at the level of 5% significance. The result showed that orally intakes of cogon grass rhizome extract at all level dosages (5 mg/200 g BW, 10 mg/200 g BW and 20 mg/200 g BW) were significantly increased the volume of urine and reduced of NaCl content, but no effect on pH and density of the urine. Orally intakes of cogon grass rhizome extract have also resulted in changing of color, clearness and amount of urine sediment components.