bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for asthma diagnosis and management at Chitungwiza Central Hospital, Zimbabwe.
Authors: Ndarukwa Pisirai , Chimbari Moses John , Sibanda Elopy N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory and a heterogeneous condition of respiratory system whose pathogenesis is linked with variable structural changes. The clinical manifestation of asthma includes attacks of breathlessness, cough, chest tightness and wheezing. Provision of basic equipment and test for asthma diagnosis and access to essential medicines by asthmatic patients reduces morbidity and mortality rates. Significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and management of asthma in other countries but not in the health care delivery system in Zimbabwe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop algorithm for asthma diagnosis and management for Zimbabwe.
A two stage Delphi model was used to collect data to develop an algorithm of asthma diagnosis and management. A baseline interview with 44 doctors was done to understand their experiences and knowledge regarding asthma diagnosis and management. We collected data using KoBo Collect Toolbox installed on Android mobile phone and transferred the data to an Excel 2016 spreadsheet for cleaning. The data was qualitatively analysed and themes were constructed. These themes were further explored in stage two at an algorithm development workshop which was led by 4 medical expert panellists in order to develop consensus on the information to be included in the algorithms for asthma diagnosis and management. A total of 15 doctors and 30 nurses participated at the workshop.

Doctors who attended the workshop described the challenges in asthma diagnosis and management that they experienced. These challenges were attributed to lack of basic equipment such as spirometers and Peak Expiratory Flow Meters and tests which included IgE tests, Skin Allergen Tests and RAST. Asthma diagnosis clinical history and management was based on the doctors’ knowledge. The doctors indicated the need for refresher courses to update their knowledge on asthma diagnosis and enhance their diagnostic skills. A draft algorithm framework for asthma diagnosis was developed at the workshop and later refined by the core-research team.

We established the need for doctors to receive constant refresher courses on asthma diagnosis for upskilling. We recommend adoption by the Zimbabwe’s Ministry of Health and Child Care of the asthma diagnostic algorithm we developed.
18FDG PET/CT-derived parameters successfully predict clinical stage and prognosis of esophageal cancer.
Authors: Mantziari Styliani , Pomoni Anastasia , Prior John , Winiker Michael , Allemann Pierre , Demartines Nicolas , Schäfer Markus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Although 18FDG PET/CT is validated in baseline workup of esophageal cancer to detect distant metastases, it remains underused in assessing local staging and biology of the primary tumor. This study aimed to evaluate the association between 18FDG PET/CT-derived parameters of esophageal cancer, and its clinico-pathological features and prognosis.

Methods

All patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell cancer of operated between 2005-2014 were analyzed. Linear regression was used to identify clinico-pathologic features of esophageal cancer associated with the tumor’s maximal Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax), Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) and Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV). ROC curve analysis was performed to precise the optimal cutoff of each variable associated with a locally advanced (cT3/4) status, long-term survival and recurrence. Kaplan Meier curves and Cox regression were used for survival analyses.

Results

High baseline SUVmax was associated with cT3/4 status and middle-third tumor location, TLG with a cT3/4 and cN+ status, whereas MTV only with active smoking. A cT3/4 status was significantly predicted by a SUVmax >8.25g/mL (p<0.001), TLG>41.7 (p<0.001) and MTV>10.70 cm3 (p<0.01) whereas a SUVmax > 12.7 g/mL was associated with an early tumor recurrence and a poor disease-free survival (median 13 versus 56 months, p=0.030), particularly in squamous cell cancer.

Conclusions

Baseline 18FDG PET/CT has a high predictive value of preoperative cT stage, as its parameters SUVmax, TLG and MTV can predict a locally advanced tumor with high accuracy. A SUVmax > 12.7 g/mL may herald early tumor recurrence and poor disease-free survival.
The prevalence and risk factors of Early Childhood Caries among 3-year-old children in Wenzhou
Authors: Mei Liqin , Wei Zhiyuan , Li Qiao , Wang Xiping 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among 3-year-old children in Wenzhou China.

Methods

Kindergarten children aged 3 were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling method. Dental examinations were conducted by one trained dentist, and oral health-related data were collected. Examinations were surface-specific for dental caries, following World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Bivariate tests and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between ECC and different risk factors.

Results

A total of 693 children were recruited for the study, and 445 completed the dental examination. Among the 445 children, the prevalence of ECC was 59.8%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) was 2.9, and of the total dmft, only 6.3% were filled. The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary surface (dmfs) was 4.9. Logistic regression analyses identified age and parents’ oral health knowledge level were associated with the experience of ECC (P<0.05).

Conclusions

A higher prevalence of ECC was observed and most of the carious teeth were untreated. The experience of ECC was related to age and parents’ oral health knowledge level.
Simvastatin Loaded Nano Hydroxyapatite in Bone Regeneration: A Study in the Rabbit Femoral Condyle
Authors: Chalisserry Elna Paul , Nam Seung Yun , Anil Sukumaran 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Enhancement of the bone regenerative capacity of the bone substitutes could
be achieved by incorporating bioactive agents such as proteins, and different drugs. Simvastatin, an
inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, stimulates bone formation by enhancing the expression of Bone
Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) in osteoblasts.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to evaluate bone regeneration following simvastatin loaded
nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold in the bone defect created on the femoral condyle of rabbits.

Methods:
Twelve adult, New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. Twenty-four defects of size
5x8 mm were created on the lateral aspect of the femoral condyle. The defects were filled with either
Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles alone or nHA with Simvastatin (SIM). The condyles were retrieved
after 8 weeks and analyzed using micro CT and histology.

Results:
The Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was significantly higher for the defects filled with SIM
loaded nHA compared to the nHA site. Micro CT showed a significantly higher bone volume in the
defects filled with Simvastatin loaded site compared to the control site. Quantitative analysis of the
histologic sections also showed significantly higher bone volume in the defects filled with SIM loaded
nHA (57.2±4.8) compared to nHA alone (50.1±5.5).

Conclusion:
Based on the results, it can be concluded that local delivery of simvastatin enhanced the
bone regeneration in rabbit femoral condyle. Simvastatin could be used as an activator to enhance bone
regeneration in bone defects along with hydroxyapatite ceramics.
Molecular Allergy Diagnostics as an Adjunct to Conventional Diagnostics in a Secondary Pediatric Referral Center
Authors: Wolthers Ole D. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Several compositions for determination of specific molecular components in
allergens have recently been patented. The role of Molecular Allergy (MA) diagnostics in suspected
IgE mediated allergic conditions is currently debated. Guideline reports have concluded that population-
based studies involving evaluation of the usefulness of MA diagnostics are needed.

Objective:
To evaluate the usefulness of MA diagnostics in a secondary pediatric referral center.

Methods:
A total of 961 children and adolescents aged 0.2-18.8 (mean 7.0) years was included in a
prospective observational survey. Inclusion criterion was a suspected diagnosis of an IgE mediated
condition based on history and clinical symptoms and signs. If a specific diagnosis could not be reached
from conventional investigations suspected peanut allergy, birch pollen allergy and associated crossreactivity,
insect allergy and triggering allergens for specific immunotherapy were assessed by MA
diagnostics.

Results:
Based on conventional work-up a diagnostic conclusion was established in 946 patients
(98.4%). MA diagnostics were performed in 15 individuals (1.6%), 7 girls and 8 boys aged 3.2 to 17.8
(mean 10.6) years. In 8 cases a specific diagnosis was established based on MA diagnostics; in 7 cases
MA diagnostics could not improve diagnosis. MA were most frequently (N = 7 (14%)) used in children
with peanut allergy (N = 50).

Conclusions:
Most patients in a secondary pediatric referral center with suspected IgE mediated allergy
can be managed by conventional diagnostic methods. MA diagnostics may be useful in small and selected
subgroups as in patients with suspected peanut allergy, however, may not be helpful in all cases.
Exposure Therapy With Personalized Real-Time Arousal Detection and Feedback to Alleviate Social Anxiety Symptoms in an Analogue Adult Sample: Pilot Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lin Xiangting Bernice , Lee Tih-Shih , Cheung Yin Bun , Ling Joanna , Poon Shi Hui , Lim Leslie , Zhang Hai Hong , Chin Zheng Yang , Wang Chuan Chu , Krishnan Ranga , Guan Cuntai 
Published: June 2019

Background
Exposure therapy is highly effective for social anxiety disorder. However, there is room for improvement.

Objective
This is a first attempt to examine the feasibility of an arousal feedback–based exposure therapy to alleviate social anxiety symptoms in an analogue adult sample.

Methods
A randomized, pilot, proof-of-concept trial was conducted to evaluate the acceptability, safety, and preliminary efficacy of our treatment program. Sessions were administered once a week for 4 weeks (1 hour each) to an analogue sample of 50 young adults who reported at least minimal social anxiety symptoms. Participants in both intervention and waitlist control groups completed assessments for social anxiety symptoms at the baseline, week 5, and week 10.

Results
Most participants found the intervention acceptable (82.0%, 95% CI 69.0%-91.0%). Seven (14.9%, 95% CI 7.0%-28.0%) participants reported at least one mild adverse event over the course of study. No moderate or serious adverse events were reported. Participants in the intervention group demonstrated greater improvements on all outcome measures of public speaking anxiety from baseline to week 5 as compared to the waitlist control group (Cohen d=0.61-1.39). Effect size of the difference in mean change on the overall Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was small (Cohen d=0.13).

Conclusions
Our results indicated that it is worthwhile to proceed to a larger trial for our treatment program. This new medium of administration for exposure therapy may be feasible for treating a subset of social anxiety symptoms. Additional studies are warranted to explore its therapeutic mechanisms.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02493010; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02493010
Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of a Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention for Patients With Uncontrolled Diabetes: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Rogers Erin , Aidasani Sneha R , Friedes Rebecca , Hu Lu , Langford Aisha T , Moloney Dana N , Orzeck-Byrnes Natasha , Sevick Mary Ann , Levy Natalie 
Published: June 2019

Background
In 2016, a short message service text messaging intervention to titrate insulin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes was implemented at two health care facilities in New York City.

Objective
This study aimed to conduct a qualitative evaluation assessing barriers to and the facilitators of the implementation of the Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) program into usual care.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews with 36 patients enrolled in the MITI program and the staff involved in MITI (n=19) in the two health care systems. Interviews were transcribed and iteratively coded by two study investigators, both inductively and deductively using a codebook guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results
Multiple facilitator themes emerged: (1) MITI had strong relative advantages to in-person titration, including its convenience and time-saving design, (2) the free cost of MITI was important to the patients, (3) MITI was easy to use and the patients were confident in their ability to use it, (4) MITI was compatible with the patients’ home routines and clinic workflow, (5) the patients and staff perceived MITI to have value beyond insulin titration by reminding and motivating the patients to engage in healthy behaviors and providing a source of patient support, and (6) implementation in clinics was made easy by having a strong implementation climate, communication networks to spread information about MITI, and a strong program champion. The barriers identified included the following: (1) language limitations, (2) initial nurse concerns about the scope of practice changes required to deliver MITI, (3) initial provider knowledge gaps about the program, and (4) provider perceptions that MITI might not be appropriate for some patients (eg, older or not tech-savvy). There was also a theme that emerged during the patient and staff interviews of an unmet need for long-term additional diabetes management support among this population, specifically diet, nutrition, and exercise support.

Conclusions
The patients and staff were overwhelmingly supportive of MITI and believed that it had many benefits and that it was compatible with the clinic workflow and patients’ lives. Initial implementation efforts should address staff training and nurse concerns. Future research should explore options for integrating additional diabetes support for patients.
Competencias en carreras de ingeniería. Modelo para evaluar niveles de adquisición y requerimientos del mercado de trabajo
Authors: Susana Comoglio Marta 
Published: June 2019

En Argentina, los procesos educativos en el campo de la enseñanza de las ingenierías están transitando por diversos procesos que promueven innovaciones curriculares orientadas hacia el diseño de planes de estudio por competencias y a la definición de nuevos estándares de acreditación.
El Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología y Educación (IIT&E) de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora (UNLZ), en el marco de una investigación educativa, desarrolló un instrumento para medir, en relación con la adquisición de competencias, las distancias entre las expectativas, la formación recibida y lo demandado por el mercado de trabajo.
El estudio se desarrolló desde la perspectiva de los modelos de base subjetiva que evalúan la calidad de los servicios, y a partir de un cuestionario ad hoc que se administró a graduados. Con el enfoque especificado y con los datos obtenidos, segeneraron dos índices estadísticos.
El presente artículo tiene como finalidad presentar un modelo que, a través de los indicadores de adecuación de la competencia (IAC) y los indicadores de desarrollo de la competencia (IDC), mide la magnitud y naturaleza del cambio que las instituciones enfrentan cuando inician procesos orientados a innovar curricularmente desde un plan de estudio por contenidos hacia otro por competencias.
La notion de fonction : les praxéologies prescrites pour être enseignées lors de l’articulation entre le collège et le lycée à São Paulo
Authors: Dias Marlene Alves , Andrade Sirlene Neves de , Campos Tânia Maria Mendonça 
Published: June 2019

. This study aims at identifying regularities and differences in the proposals of national and state official teaching in order to help professionals in a reflection on the possible changes. For the analysis of the considered documents, we chose as a central theoretical framework the anthropological theory of didactics –ATD– and as auxiliary theoretical frameworks, the framing notion as defined by Douady and points of view as defined by Rogalski. The analysis in the documents considered shows that there is a gap in approaches in the same school year, which becomes even more evident when one considers the passage from college to high school.Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar as regularidades e diferenças nas proposições de ensino no nível nacional e do estado, para a noção de função, de forma a auxiliar os profissionais na perspectiva de uma reflexão sobre as possíveis mudanças. Para a análise dos documentos considerados, escolhemos como referencial teórico central a teoria antropológica do didático (TAD) e, como referenciais auxiliares, a noção de quadro definida por Douady e pontos de vista apresentados por Rogalski. A análise dos documentos considerados mostra que existe uma lacuna em abordagens dos conteúdos em um mesmo ano escolar, o que se torna ainda mais evidente quando se considera a passagem do ensino fundamental para o ensino médio.
Policy success/policy failure: A framework for understanding policy choices
Authors: FitzGerald Cathal , O’Malley Eoin , Broin Deiric Ó 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Some policies fail to achieve their goals and some succeed. More often than not, it is unclear whether a policy has been a success or a failure, sometimes because the goal was not clear, or because there were a multitude of goals. In this introduction to this special issue we discuss what we mean by policy success and failure, and assume that policy success or failure is ultimately the result of the decision-making process: policy success results from good policies, which tend to come from good decisions, which are in turn the result of a good decision-making process. We then set out a framework for understanding the conditions under which good and bad decisions are made. Built upon factors highlighted in a broad literature, we argue that a potential interaction of institutions, interests and ideology creates incentives for certain outcomes, and leads to certain information being gathered or prioritised when it is being processed. This can bias decision-makers to choose a certain course of action that may be suboptimal, or in other cases there is an absence of bias, creating the possibility for making successful policy choices.
The liberalisation of taxi policy: Capture and recapture?
Authors: Weir Stephen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper analyses the decision-making processes behind the reform of a policy that had caused significant controversy for over a decade. At 8 p.m. on 21 November 2000 the Minister of State for the Environment, Bobby Molloy, TD, signed S.I. No. 367/2000 – Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) (Amendment) (No. 3) into law. This statutory instrument provided ‘for the full resumption of taxi licensing’ and ‘the revocation of regulatory provisions involving quantitative restrictions on the licensing of taxis and hackneys’. With the stroke of a pen, Molloy had effectively ended the taxi licensees’ de facto 21-year control of public service vehicle licensing policy. The paper finds Molloy’s decision to have been a significant policy improvement as it brought about a substantially better taxi service. In addition, the paper shows that even with strong evidence of policy failure, its reform can take a considerable time. With regard to the four-factor framework of institutions, ideology, interests and irrationality, I find that the institutions of the state, while initially facilitating the regulatory capture of the policy by the taxi sector, eventually ensured that this was broken down due to the electoral system and the separation of powers. Up until the reform decision, the interests of the taxi licensees and their political supporters eclipsed the common good. Ideology played a significant role as a backdrop to the policy but ideology was not the primary reason the minister deregulated. Finally, I find that the collective irrationality of the taxi sector leads to an overestimation of their power due to an inability to process the relevant information and collectively agree a reasonable compromise. The key recommendations of the paper are that the means of policy setting should be radically and innovatively overhauled, and that it is imperative that regulators harness the vast information that taxi apps gather in order to improve regulatory outcomes.
The Effect of Heavy Weight Training on Physiological Abilities of Soccer Players Under the Age 21 Years Old
Authors: Mohamed Koutchouk Sidi , Mohamed Kerroum , Mohammed Sebbane , Mokrani Djamel , Belkadi Adel 
Published: June 2019

Summary
The objective of the study is to design a specialized training program in modern weighting methods for under-21 soccer players to develop muscular strength and to identify the effect of the training program on weighting exercises on some physiological variables (some aerobic and anaerobic abilities such as VO2max heartbeat and backstage). Researchers in this study that weight training for soccer players will have a clear impact on both the development of muscle capacity and improve some functional abilities. The experimental method was used to design two samples, a experimental sample and a control sample of under-21 soccer players who were selected by a team of Mustaganem teams. Each sample consisted of 18 players. The experimental sample was applied to the weight and control program. For four months. The study showed that the experimental sample achieved a significant increase in muscle strength measurements as well as some physiological variables in all measured tests compared to the control sample. This is the result of the proposed training program applied to the experimental sample.
Fractional Hermite-Hadamard type integral inequalities for functions whose modulus of the mixed derivatives are co-ordinated s-preinvex in the second sense
Authors: Meftah Badreddine , Souahi Abdourazek 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper we establish some fractional Hermite-Hadamard type integral inequalities for functions whose modulus of the mixed derivatives are co-ordinated s-preinvex in the second sense.
Adaptive Development of a Regional Spatial Data Infrastructure Facing Local Prospects and Socio-Technological Trends
Authors: Kalliola Risto , Käyhkö Niina , Jokela Sanna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The regional Lounaispaikka-SDI (Spatial Data Infrastructure) in southwest Finland is being developed by a dynamic assembly of the region’s geospatial expertise and its networking, spatial data and geoportal services. Emerging as a data-centric constellation that supported the region’s geographical information professionals, this assembly has developed into a geospatial service with more broadly-focused public information on the region. This development has had five adaptive phases, each as a response to changing local needs and fast-evolving trends in information and communication technologies. Alongside these processes, the Lounaispaikka-SDI has also reinforced the region’s geospatial competencies with benefits offered to academia, public sector institutions, and companies.