bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo stone surgery in donor kidneys at renal transplantation
Authors: Sarier Mehmet , Duman Ibrahim , Yuksel Yucel , Tekin Sabri , Ozer Mustafa , Yucetin Levent , Yavuz Asuman Havva , Demirbas Alper , Kukul Erdal 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo report our experience on the outcomes of ex vivo ureteroscopy and ex vivo pyelolithotomy carried out on the donor kidney before living donor renal transplantation.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2016, 13 stone‐bearing donor kidneys underwent ex vivo bench surgery after donor nephrectomy. Of these, six patients underwent ex vivo ureteroscopy and seven patients underwent ex vivo pyelolithotomy. Data were analyzed for technical feasibility, intraoperative and postoperative complications, stone clearance, and stone recurrence.ResultsThe mean stone burden was 9.1 mm (range 5–15 mm). Renal collecting system access and stone extraction were successfully achieved, and a stone‐free status was accomplished with both techniques. The mean duration of ex vivo ureteroscopy was 12.5 min (range 9–20 min), and the mean duration of ex vivo pyelolithotomy was 3.1 min (range 1–8 min). One patient in the pyelolithotomy group developed urinary leakage and underwent surgical repair on the third postoperative day. The mean long‐term follow‐up duration was 49.6 months (range 14–101 months). None of the 13 patients included in the study suffered from stone recurrence.ConclusionsOur experience suggests that both ex vivo ureteroscopy and ex vivo pyelolithotomy procedures can safely and effectively be carried out in stone‐bearing living donor kidneys, without compromising renal allograft function.
Medición del trabajo infantil: ¿A quién debemos preguntar?
Authors: JANZEN Sarah A. 
Published: July 2018

ResumenDado que las estadísticas sobre el trabajo infantil condicionan la asignación de las ayudas destinadas a los niños vulnerables, es importante asegurar su correcta medición. La autora investiga si el tipo de encuestado explica las variaciones estadísticas. Según los datos de dos distritos de Tanzanía, el encuestado influye en las estimaciones sobre la prevalencia del trabajo infantil, que aumenta entre un 35 y un 65 por ciento cuando son los propios niños, y no terceros, quienes informan. Entre el 14 y el 31 por ciento de la muestra presenta este sesgo, según el indicador. Las discrepancias disminuyen en relación inversa a la edad del niño y aumentan si el tercero manifiesta una actitud opuesta al trabajo infantil.
Retinal imaging to identify target organ damage in older Africans: A pilot study
Authors: Jones Rebecca , Putnam Harry W.I. , Philippin Heiko , Cleland Charles , Steel David H. , Gray William K. , Klaptocz Joanna E. , Swai Bernadetha , Walker Richard W. 
Published: July 2018

By 2030, sub‐Saharan Africa is forecast to see the steepest rise in the number of people with hypertension of any world region. Hypertensive retinopathy is known to be a common complication of hypertension in developed countries and some studies suggest it is associated with the presence of other hypertension‐related end‐organ damage (EOD) such as stroke and cardiovascular disease. In Tanzania hypertension is relatively more common than in other parts of sub‐Saharan Africa, especially in the older population; however, the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy and its association with EOD remain unknown. The authors conducted a cross‐sectional study of elderly, community‐dwelling, rural Tanzanians to determine the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy and its association with hypertension and other forms of EOD. Hypertensive retinopathy was diagnosed based on retinal imaging. In a cohort of 61 patients with gradable images, the authors found the overall prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy to be 64% (n = 39), which was strongly associated with hypertension (X2 [1] = 4.207, P = .004), with a significant trend towards more severe retinopathy with more severe hypertension (r = .377, P = .003). The authors did not find hypertensive retinopathy to be associated with other forms of EOD. Hypertensive retinopathy is highly prevalent in this population and is associated in most but not all cases with hypertension. These findings do not suggest that it could be used as a screening tool for EOD, but it is important to identify and educate patients with retinopathy about possible complications of the condition.
Reference centiles for the gross motor function measure and identification of therapeutic effects in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Duran Ibrahim , Stark Christina , Martakis Kyriakos , Hamacher Stefanie , Semler Oliver , Schoenau Eckhard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) can show an increase in gross motor function until the age of 9 to 10 years under the standard of care. Additionally, the motor development can have large individual fluctuations. Therefore, in clinical setting, it is not trivial to estimate the effect of an additional therapeutic intervention at this age interval. The study aim was to develop a method which allows quantification of the gross motor function changes over 6 months of the individual child with CP.MethodThe present study was a single center retrospective analysis. Data were collected in children with CP who participated in a rehabilitation program between 2006 and 2016. The gross motor function of the children was measured with the Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM‐66). Reference centiles for the GMFM‐66 were created with data before starting the rehabilitation program. The variability of the evolution of the GMFM‐66 was assessed with data at the start and the end of a 6‐month observational phase of standard of care.ResultsIn total, the GMFM‐66 data of 919 children before starting the rehabilitation program were available (age 6.49 ± 2.49 years, GMFCS‐level I‐V). For 515 study participants (6.76 ± 2.30 years, GMFCS‐level I‐V), data were also available at the start and the end of a 6‐month observational phase.ConclusionsThe presented method helps to guide the clinician to track the individual patient's gross motor development and assess the additional effect of an additionally applied intervention while taking into account the expected progression of gross motor function under standard of care.
Systematic review of the changing pattern of the oral manifestations ofHIV
Authors: El Howati Asma , Tappuni Anwar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the present study paper was to review the reported prevalence of the oral manifestations ofHIV(OM‐HIV) worldwide since 1980, and to determine the global variation in its prevalence over time. PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar were searched. The filter “English” was used. The timeframe searched was 1980‐ 2015. ThePRISMAflow chart was used. Data were extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute standardized data extraction form and transferred toSPSSversion 22 for analysis. The systematic review of 97 studies (70 low bias risk) showed that the prevalence ofOM‐HIVcontinue to be significant in developing countries. Globally and through all the decades, oral candidiasis remained the most commonly encounteredOM‐HIV, including among patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (26.2%). Hairy leukoplakia was more prevalent in Europe and America compared with Africa and Asia. Oral warts were reported more often in studies on patients receivingART. Interestingly, salivary gland disease decreased in the developed world and increased in developing countries over time. Despite the changing pattern of these conditions over time, there is no evidence that theOM‐HIVhave become of less significance globally. Maintaining the drive for high‐quality research in the subject will have an impact on less developed countries to help address oral health inequalities.
Rehabilitation service utilisation among adults with intellectual disabilities: Trends and socioeconomic disparities in China
Authors: He P. , Chen G. , Liu T. , Zhang L. , Zheng X. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disabilities (IDs) have become a public health concern worldwide, but few studies on rehabilitation service utilisation in this population were conducted in developing countries. We aimed to examine trends and socioeconomic disparities in the utilisation of rehabilitation services among adults with IDs in China.MethodsWe obtained data from a population‐based survey by using a multistage, randomised, cluster sampling process to ascertain adults with IDs in 2006 and a selected subsample for follow‐up surveys during 2007–2013. Psychiatrists ascertained individuals with IDs ascertained by intelligence quotient score under 70, deficits in two or more adaptive behaviours and age of onset under 18 years.ResultsOverall, the utilisation rate of rehabilitation services significantly increased from 10.1% in 2007 to 33.7% in 2013, with an annual average percentage growth of 34.3% when adjusting for multiple confounders. The mounting trends remained significant in all socioeconomic groups. The growth rates among lower socioeconomic participants were much higher than those among higher socioeconomic participants, and the strength in the association between socioeconomic position (education and region) and rehabilitation service utilisation declined in 2007–2013.ConclusionsThis study found an upward trend in rehabilitation service utilisation in Chinese adults with IDs during 2007–2013, and socioeconomic disparities in rehabilitation service use in this population showed a downward trend over time.
“Where do all the lovers go?” – The Cultural Politics of Public Kissing in Mumbai, India (1950–2005)
Authors: Annavarapu Sneha 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPublic expressions of sexual intimacy have often been subject to moral censure and legal regulation in modern India. While there is literature that analyzes the cultural‐political logics of censorship and sexual illiberalism in India, the discourses of sympathy towards public displays of intimacy has not received as much critical attention. In this paper, I take the case of one representative discursive space offered by a popular English newspaper and show how the figure of the ‘kissing couple’ became an important entity in larger discussions about the state of urban development, the role of pleasure in the city, and the imagination of a “modern” Mumbai.
Effect of Aging Time and Thickness on Low‐Temperature Degradation of Dental Zirconia
Authors: Zhuang Yongxiang , Zhu Ziyuan , Jiao Ting , Sun Jian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of specimen thickness and low‐temperature degradation (LTD) on yttrium‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y‐TZP).Materials and MethodsThin discs of Y‐TZP from four manufacturers were sintered according to each manufacturer's recommendations, cut into 23 mm (length) × 4 mm (width) × 0.8 mm/1.5 mm (thickness) specimens, artificially aged under standard autoclave sterilization conditions (34°C at 0.2 MPa for 10 and 20 hours), and finally ground and polished. Tetragonal to monoclinic transformation was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Flexural strength was measured by 3‐point bending tests and Vickers hardness measurements. Fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsSEM investigation revealed that with increasing aging time, the surface defects and grain size increased, particularly in the 20‐hour group. Compared with the 1.5 mm group, the 0.8 mm group showed more significant defects, irrespective of aging time. The flexural strengths of Y‐TZP materials decreased with a decrease in the thickness. Moreover, LTD of Y‐TZP can cause significant tetragonal to monoclinic transformation, which also results in a statistically significant decrease in the flexural strength.ConclusionA thinner Y‐TZP specimen was likely to present surface defects and microcracks after aging. In addition, the flexural strengths decreased with a decrease in the thickness, a notable fact for further studies.
In ovo feeding of beta‐hydroxy beta‐methylbutyrate and dextrin optimized growth performance of broiler for pre‐placement holding time using the Box‐Behnken response surface design
Authors: Ghanaatparast‐Rashti Moein , Mottaghitalab Majid , Ahmadi Hamed 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo investigate the effect of in ovo feeding (IOF) of beta‐hydroxy beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB), dextrin and post‐hatching water and feed deprivation time on growth performance of broilers, 1,500 eggs were assigned into 15 experimental runs of Box‐Behnken design, including three levels IOF of HMB (0%, 0.5% and 1%), dextrin (0%, 20% and 40%) and three levels of the first water and feed deprivation (6, 27 and 48 hr). After hatching, day‐old chicks (seven males and seven females) from each replicate were then selected and randomly assigned to 60 floor pens for a 42‐day feeding trial. The experimental data were fitted to the quadratic response surface models, and the goodness of fit of the models was expressed by the R2 value. The interaction between IOF of dextrin and timing of first feed deprivation had the largest effect on body weight of chicks at day 7 (BW7) and corrected European production efficiency factor (EPEF). In ovo feeding of dextrin reduced negative effects of delayed access to feed and water after hatch up to 48 hr on BW7, body weight of chicks at day 42, EPEF and corrected EPEF. The results of the current study suggested that the EPEF corrected by hatchability could provide the better understanding of IOF experimental findings. The ridge optimization analysis revealed that the optimal levels of HMB and dextrin inclusion in eggs and timing of first feed deprivation for maximum corrected EPEF were 0.37, 15.94% and 7.22 hr, respectively. These results demonstrate that the Box‐Behnken statistical design and response surface models are effective to describe the relationship between IOF of nutrients and pre‐placement holding time and predict the performance of broilers to achieve the optimal target.
Regression of hepatocellular adenoma after bariatric surgery in severe obese patients
Authors: Gevers Tom J. G. , Marcel Spanier B. W. , Veendrick Peter B. , Vrolijk Jan Maarten 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground & AimObesity and metabolic syndrome are increasingly recognized as risk factors for hepatocellular adenomas (HCA). There is still sparse evidence whether weight loss or bariatric surgery could induce HCA regression in these patients. In this brief report we describe the effect of weight loss on HCA regression in severe obese patients that had undergone bariatric surgery in our centre.MethodsWe performed an Electronic Patient Database search and included all patients who underwent bariatric surgery in our bariatric referral centre and had an ICD‐10 code of benign neoplasm of liver in our centre from (2006‐2017). All imaging studies of eligible patients were re‐evaluated by the study radiologist. Primary outcome was change in maximal diameter of HCA.ResultsSix of 11 eligible patients were excluded because their lesions were classified as probable focal nodular hyperplasia and two were lost to follow‐up. Finally, three women with solitary (n = 1) or multiple HCA (n = 2) and a body mass index (BMI) ranging between 39 and 50 kg/m2 were included. In two patients, HCA completely regressed in 1‐2 years following bariatric surgery, after BMI reductions of 36%‐48%. The third patient showed a reduction of >50% in diameter of the largest HCA in 2.5 years after bariatric surgery (31% BMI reduction), with complete resolution of smaller HCA.ConclusionsBariatric induced weight loss results in significant regression of HCA in severe obese women, which emphasizes the role of overweight in HCA pathophysiology.
Secondary amplification of siRNA machinery limits the application of spray‐induced gene silencing
Authors: Song Xiu‐Shi , Gu Kai‐Xin , Duan Xiao‐Xin , Xiao Xue‐Mei , Hou Yi‐Ping , Duan Ya‐Bing , Wang Jian‐Xin , Yu Na , Zhou Ming‐Guo 
Published: July 2018

SummarySpray‐induced gene silencing (SIGS) is an innovative strategy for crop protection. However, the mechanism of SIGS is not known. Here, we first demonstrate that secondary small interfering RNA (siRNA) amplification limits the application of SIGS. A myosin5 gene (Myo5) was chosen as the target of SIGS in an agronomically important pathogen—Fusarium asiaticum. Five segments corresponding to the different regions of the Myo5 gene were found to efficiently silence Myo5, resulting in cell wall defects, life cycle disruption and virulence reduction. Myo5‐8 (one of the Myo5 segments) induced sequence‐specific RNA interference (RNAi) activity in F. asiaticum, F. graminearum, F. tricinctum and F. oxysporum, but not in other fungi, in vitro. Remarkably, the silencing of Myo5 lasted for only 9 h unless the double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) was continuously supplied, because F. asiaticum is unable to maintain siRNA amplification. After spraying on plants, dsRNAs were more efficiently taken up via the wounded surface. The antifungal activity of dsRNAs taken up by plant cells was higher and longer lasting than that dried onto the plant surface. In contrast with dsRNAs in fungi, dsRNAs in plant cells could efficiently turn into substantial siRNAs via secondary amplification machinery. Our findings provide new implications to develop SIGS as a mainstream disease control strategy against Fusarium and other fungi.
Synergistic action of GCN5 and CLAVATA1 in the regulation of gynoecium development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Poulios Stylianos , Vlachonasios Konstantinos E. 
Published: July 2018

Summary

In Arabidopsis thaliana the CLAVATA1 (CLV1) receptor and GENERAL CONTROL NON DEREPRESSIBLE 5 (GCN5) histone acetyltransferase both regulate inflorescence meristem size and affect the expression of the meristem‐promoting transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS).

Single and multiple mutants of GCN5 and CLAVATA members, were analysed for their gynoecium development, using morphological, physiological, genetic and molecular approaches.

The clv1‐1gcn5‐1 double mutants exhibited novel phenotypes including elongated gynoecia with reduced valves and enlarged stigma and style, indicating a synergistic action of CLAVATA signaling and GCN5 action in the development of the gynoecium. Reporter line and gene expression analysis showed that clv1‐1gcn5‐1 plants have altered auxin and cytokinin response, distribution and ectopic overexpression of WUS. WUS expression was found in the style of wild‐type gynoecia stage 10–13, suggesting a possible novel role for WUS in the development of the style.

CLV1 and GCN5 are regulators of apical–basal and mediolateral polarity of the Arabidopsis gynoecium. They affect gynoecium morphogenesis through the negative regulation of auxin biosynthesis and promotion of polar auxin transport. They also promote cytokinin signaling in the carpel margin meristem and negatively regulate it at the stigma. Finally, they synergistically suppress WUS at the centre of the gynoecium.
Water stress limits transpiration and growth of European larch up to the lower subalpine belt in an inner‐alpine dry valley
Authors: Obojes Nikolaus , Meurer Armin , Newesely Christian , Tasser Erich , Oberhuber Walter , Mayr Stefan , Tappeiner Ulrike 
Published: July 2018

Summary

Climate change will further constrain water availability in dry inner‐alpine environments and affect water relations and growth conditions in mountain forests, including the widespread larch forests.

To estimate the effects of climate conditions on water balance and growth, variation in sap flow and stem radius of European larch was measured for 3 yr along an elevation transect from 1070 to 2250 m above sea level (asl) in an inner‐alpine dry valley in South Tyrol/Italy. Additionally, long‐term climate–growth relations were derived from tree cores.

Sap flow and radial growth were reduced in dry periods up to an elevation of 1715 m, leading to maximum annual growth at 2000 m. In a wet year no growth difference between elevations was observed. Long‐term tree ring data showed a positive growth response to precipitation up to 1715 m and to temperature only above 2000 m.

Our results demonstrate that reduced water availability and higher atmospheric water demand limit larch at low elevation within dry Alpine regions. This indicates a general upward shift of this species’ elevational amplitude upon climate change, and respective negative effects on future silvicultural use and ecosystem services at lower elevations in the European Alps.
What if they had not Gone Negative? A Counterfactual Assessment of the Impact from Negative Interest Rates
Authors: Michail Nektarios A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe counterfactual estimation technique of Pesaran and Smith () is employed to provide an assessment of the impact stemming from the implementation of negative interest rates in three European economies (Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland). The analysis indicates that negative interest rates did not have a significant effect on bank lending growth or inflation in any country. This failure to reject the policy ineffectiveness hypothesis most likely lies in the fact that negative interest rates did not ease the situation for the factors restricting the supply of bank lending, namely bank funding costs and Return‐on‐Equity.
Adverse events involving mandibular hardware: an analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Facility Device Experience data
Authors: Elias M. L. , Weisberger J. S. , Barinsky G. L. , Paskhover B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate frequencies and characteristics concerning mandibular device complications as reported to the Food and Drug Administration.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsThe Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database was queried for reports from 2007 to 2017 using the keywords ‘mandible’ and ‘mandibular’. A total of 3592 reports were gathered. After curating out duplicate reports, reports not applicable to mandibular hardware, and literature articles, 1899 event device reports were subsequently studied for mandibular hardware. A side cohort of 192 TMJ device reports was analysed separately. Reports were reviewed based on both the device cited in the report and the concerns cited in the event text (i.e. an explanation of a plate fracture/failure or of an infection). Additional frequencies involving the company manufacturers and reported patient injury were also analysed.ResultsThe majority of the 1899 mandibular device reports cited screw failures (20.4%), infection (15.8%), plate fracture (12.9%), or distractor malfunction (7.9%). Of all the records, 60.3% self‐categorised themselves as ‘injury’ events, whereas 36.4% self‐classified as ‘malfunction’ reports. The plate fractures consisted of 79.8% occurring post‐operatively and 14.0% intra‐operatively. A majority of the implicated screw failures were regular, non‐intermaxillary fixation/mandibulomaxillary fixation screws (75.3%). Depuy Synthes (59.6%) and Stryker (16.6%) were most often implicated in these 1899 mandibular reports. Of the separate 192 TMJ reports, the events indicated mainly jaw pain 32.0%, incorrect fit of the device (11.2%), infection (10.7%), loose screws (9.6%), and dislocation in the patient post‐operatively (7.6%), with Biomet involved in the majority of reports (90.8%).ConclusionsThe MAUDE reports on mandibular devices correspond with the major adverse events cited in previous literature. The reports delineate areas of improvement for both manufacturers (i.e. post‐operative hardware failure and intra‐operative equipment failures) verses probable user error (i.e. intra‐operative plate and patient injuries).