bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NF-κB is weakly activated in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Irvin Allison E. , Jhala Gaurang , Zhao Yuxing , Blackwell Timothy S. , Krishnamurthy Balasubramanian , Thomas Helen E. , Kay Thomas W. H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterised by selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells by the immune system. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) regulates innate and adaptive immune responses. Using gene targeting andin vitroanalysis of pancreatic islets and immune cells, NF-κB activation has been implicated in type 1 diabetes development. Here we use a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model that expresses a luciferase reporter of transcriptionally active NF-κB to determine its activationin vivoduring development of diabetes. Increased luciferase activity was readily detected upon treatment with Toll-like receptor ligandsin vitroandin vivo, indicating activation of NF-κB. However, activated NF-κB was detectable at low levels above background in unmanipulated NOD mice, but did not vary with age, despite the progression of inflammatory infiltration in islets over time. NF-κB was highly activated in an accelerated model of type 1 diabetes that requires CD4+T cells and inflammatory macrophages. These data shed light on the nature of the inflammatory response in the development of type 1 diabetes.
Intolerable side effects during propranolol therapy for infantile hemangioma: frequency, risk factors and management
Authors: Ji Yi , Chen Siyuan , Wang Qi , Xiang Bo , Xu Zhicheng , Zhong Lin , Yang Kaiying , Lu Guoyan , Qiu Liqin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCurrently, propranolol is the most preferred systemic therapy for problematic infantile hemangiomas (IHs). However, the side effects such as bronchial hyperreactivity may be intolerable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, risk factors and management of intolerable side effects (ISEs) during propranolol therapy. In total, 1260 children were studied. The incidence of ISEs was 2.1% (26 patients). Severe sleep disturbance was the most common reason for propranolol cessation, accounting for 65.4% of cases. In total, 23 and 3 patients received atenolol and prednisolone as second-line therapy, respectively. Treatment response was observed in 92.3% (24/26) of cases (showing excellent or good response to therapy). No toxicity-related permanent treatment discontinuation occurred during atenolol or prednisolone therapy. In the univariate analysis, younger age, premature birth, and lower body weight were associated with ISEs (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, only age (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.201–2.793, P = 0.009) and body weight (95% CI: 1.036–1.972, P = 0.014) were associated with ISEs. Our study suggests that ISEs are rare in patients with IHs who are treated with propranolol. Predictive factors for ISEs include younger age and lower body weight. Atenolol and prednisolone are effective and safe alternatives to propranolol in the treatment of refractory IHs.
Komplikationen in der orthopädischen Kinderrheumatologie
Authors: Arbogast M. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungOperationen im Kindes- und Jugendalter bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen stehen im Gegensatz zu der Erwachsenenrheumatologie am Ende der Therapieoptionen 1. Über die Hälfte der betroffenen Patienten leiden an einer Monarthritis oder Oligoarthritis 2. Bei inkomplettem Ansprechen auf die medikamentöse Basistherapie entbrennt ein Wettlauf um ein gelenkerhaltendes Vorgehen und bei entzündlich-destruktiv veränderten Gelenken die Frage der adäquaten konservativen oder operativen Vorgehensweise. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer operativen Therapie bei jugendlichen Rheumatikern sollen im Folgenden dargestellt werden und die Komplikationen dabei bedacht werden.
Besonderheiten in der Nachsorge von gastrointestinalen Tumoren
Authors: Artzner Kerstin , Malek Nisar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTreatment for gastrointestinal malignancies has evolved over the past two decades. Long-term outcomes have considerably improved, however a high rate of recurrence persists. With the exception of colon cancer, clear consensus strategies with regards to post-treatment surveillance are lacking. Current surveillance practices in non-colon cancer cases are inadequately based on retrospective case analyses and expert recommendations which are not uniformly consistent.This article presents the key follow-up aspects such as recurrence frequency, timing, localization, and therapeutic efficacy for the most common gastrointestinal tumors, and summarizes current recommendations for early detection of recurrence. In particular, we compare and contrast the recommendations of the German S3 guideline, the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN).
The Relation Between Stretching Typology and Stretching Duration: The Effects on Range of Motion
Authors: Thomas Ewan , Bianco Antonino , Paoli Antonio , Palma Antonio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDifferent stretching strategies and protocols are widely used to improve flexibility or maintain health, acting on the muscle tendon-unit, in order to improve the range of motion (ROM) of the joints. This review aims to evaluate the current body of literature in order to understand the relation between stretching typology and ROM, and secondly to evaluate if a relation exists between stretching volume (either as a single training session, weekly training and weekly frequency) and ROM, after long-term stretching. Twenty-three articles were considered eligible and included in the quantitative synthesis. All stretching typologies showed ROM improvements over a long-term period, however the static protocols showed significant gains (p<0.05) when compared to the ballistic or PNF protocols. Time spent stretching per week seems fundamental to elicit range of movement improvements when stretches are applied for at least or more than 5 min, whereas the time spent stretching within a single session does not seem to have significant effects for ROM gains. Weekly frequency is positively associated to ROM. Evaluated data indicates that performing stretching at least 5 days a week for at least 5 min per week using static stretching may be beneficial to promote ROM improvements.
Coherent Lagrangian swirls among submesoscale motions
Authors: Beron-Vera F. J. , Hadjighasem A. , Xia Q. , Olascoaga M. J. , Haller G. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The detection of vortices in geophysical flows is important because of their role in global circulation and transport. The recent theory of elliptic Lagrangian coherent structures has shown that long-lived, coherent material eddies exhibiting no filamentation can be extracted from altimetry-derived surface velocities associated with slow, mesoscale motions in the ocean. Since similarly perfect eddies may not be expected to exist in the presence of faster, submesoscale motions, it has remained unclear whether persistent and materially coherent eddies can in fact be identified objectively even in highly resolved ocean data. Here we show that under a suitable extension of the notion of material coherence, coherent eddies at the mesoscale and submesoscale level can indeed be simultaneously detected from multiscale velocity data.
Dynamic patterns of cortical expansion during folding of the preterm human brain
Authors: Garcia Kara E. , Robinson Emma C. , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Dierker Donna L. , Glasser Matthew F. , Coalson Timothy S. , Ortinau Cynthia M. , Rueckert Daniel , Taber Larry A. , Van Essen David C. , Rogers Cynthia E. , Smyser Christopher D. , Bayly Philip V. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The human brain exhibits complex folding patterns that emerge during the third trimester of fetal development. Minor folds are quasi-randomly shaped and distributed. Major folds, in contrast, are more conserved and form important landmarks. Disruption of cortical folding is associated with devastating disorders of cognition and emotion. Despite decades of study, the processes that produce normal and abnormal folding remain unresolved, although the relatively rapid tangential expansion of the cortex has emerged as a driving factor. Accurate and precise measurement of cortical growth patterns during the period of folding has remained elusive. Here, we illuminate the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical expansion by analyzing MRI-derived surfaces of preterm infant brains, using a unique strain energy minimization approach.
Effect of the content of a news item on Spaniards’ attitudes towards Palestinians and Israelis / Efecto del contenido de una noticia sobre la actitud de los españoles hacia palestinos e israelíes
Authors: Lobato Roberto M. , Moya Miguel , Trujillo Humberto 
Published: March 2018

Based on the effects of framing on audience opinion, the attitudes towards Palestinians and Israelis are evaluated when a news item reports on a violent event between the two sides. To do so, a short inter-group experiment was conducted. A 3 (manipulation of the news item) x 2 (group evaluated) design was applied. Three news formats were presented: (1) about a Palestinian attack on Israel; (2) about an Israeli attack on Palestine; (3) no news item. Half of the participants evaluated the Israelis while the other half evaluated the Palestinians. The results of the study, which was performed with a Spanish sample ( N = 319), showed that there were no differences in the evaluation of the group according to the group evaluated, although there were differences according to the manipulation of the news item: in both conditions in which one group attacked another, the group evaluated was rated more negatively than the control group. The results also showed that both emotions and stereotypes mediated the effects of framing on prejudice. These results suggest that the participants’ attitude seems to depend more on the violent framing of the news items than on the role assigned to each group and that emotional processes and stereotypes are what regulate these attitudes.
Neural correlates of learning pure tones versus natural sounds in the auditory cortex
Authors: Maor Ido , Shwartz-Ziv Ravid , Feigin Libi , Elyada Yishai , Sompolinsky Haim , Mizrahi Adi 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAuditory perceptual learning of pure tones causes tonotopic map expansion in the primary auditory cortex (A1), but the function this plasticity sub-serves is unclear. We developed an automated training platform called the ‘Educage’, which was used to train mice on a go/no-go auditory discrimination task to their perceptual limits, for difficult discriminations among pure tones or natural sounds. Spiking responses of excitatory and inhibitory L2/3 neurons in mouse A1 revealed learning-induced overrepresentation of the learned frequencies, in accordance with previous literature. Using a novel computational model to study auditory tuning curves we show that overrepresentation does not necessarily improve discrimination performance of the network to the learned tones. In contrast, perceptual learning of natural sounds induced ‘sparsening’ and decorrelation of the neural response, and consequently improving discrimination of these complex sounds. The signature of plasticity in A1 highlights its central role in coding natural sounds as compared to pure tones.
Identification of novel mutations associated with clofazimine resistance inMycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Jiazhen , Zhang Shuo , Shi Wanliang , Zhang Wenhong , Zhu Min , Zhang Ying 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMycobacterium abscessus(Mab) is a major non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pathogen responsible for about 80% of all pulmonary infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria. Clofazimine is an effective drug active againstMaband shows synergistic activity when given with amikacin, but the mechanism of resistance to clofazimine inMabis unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular basis of clofazimine resistance inMab.MethodsWe isolated 29Mabmutants resistant to clofazimine, and subjected them to whole genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to identify possible mutations associated with clofazimine resistance.ResultsMutations in MAB_2299c gene which encodes possible transcriptional regulatory protein were identified in 23 of the 29 clofazimine-resistant mutants. In addition, 6 mutations in MAB_1483 were found in 21 of the 29 mutants, and one mutation in MAB_0540 was found in 16 of the 29 mutants. Mutations in MAB_0416c, MAB_4099c, MAB_2613, MAB_0409, MAB_1426 were also associated with clofazimine resistance in less frequency. Two identical mutations which are likely to be polymorphisms unrelated to clofazimine resistance were found in MAB_4605c and MAB_4323 in 13 mutants.ConclusionMutations in MAB_2299c, MAB_1483, and MAB_0540 are the major mechanisms of clofazimine resistance inMab. Future studies are needed to address the role of the identified mutations in clofazimine resistance inMab, and our findings have implications for developing a rapid molecular test for detecting clofazimine resistance in this organism.
Deep Genomic Signature for early metastasis prediction in prostate cancer
Authors: Sharifi-Noghabi Hossein , Liu Yang , Erho Nicholas , Shrestha Raunak , Alshalalfa Mohammed , Davicioni Elai , Collins Colin C. , Ester Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFor prostate cancer patients, timing and intensity of therapy are adjusted based on their prognosis. Clinical and pathological factors, and recently, gene expression-based signatures have been shown to predict metastatic prostate cancer. Previous studies used labelled datasets, i.e. those with information on the metastasis outcome, to discover gene signatures to predict metastasis. Due to steady progression of prostate cancer, datasets for this cancer have a limited number of labelled samples but more unlabelled samples. In addition to this issue, the high dimensionality of the gene expression data also poses a significant challenge to train a classifier and predict metastasis accurately. In this study, we aim to boost the prediction accuracy by utilizing both labelled and unlabelled datasets together. We propose Deep Genomic Signature (DGS), a method based on Denoising Auto-Encoders (DAEs) and transfer learning. DGS has the following steps: first, we train a DAE on a large unlabelled gene expression dataset to extract the most salient features of its samples. Then, we train another DAE on a small labelled dataset for a similar purpose. Since the labelled dataset is small, we employ a transfer learning approach and use the parameters learned from the first DAE in the second one. This approach enables us to train a large DAE on a small dataset. After training the second DAE, we obtain the list of genes with high weights by applying a standard deviation filter on the transferred and learned weights. Finally, we train an elastic net logistic regression model on the expression of the selected genes to predict metastasis. Because of the elastic net regularization, some of the selected genes have non-zero coefficients in the classifier which we consider as the DGS gene signature for metastasis.We apply DGS to six labelled and one large unlabelled prostate cancer datasets. Results on five validation datasets indicate that DGS outperforms state-of-the-art gene signatures (obtained from only labelled datasets) in terms of prediction accuracy. Survival analyses demonstrate the potential clinical utility of our gene signature that adds novel prognostic information to the well-established clinical factors and the state-of-the-art gene signatures. Finally, pathway analysis reveals that the DGS gene signature captures the hallmarks of prostate cancer metastasis. These results suggest that our method helps to identify a robust gene signature that may improve patient management.
Aberrant expression of collagen family genes in the brain regions developing under agonistic interactions in male mice
Authors: Smagin D.A. , Galyamina A.G. , Kovalenko I.L. , Babenko V.N. , Kudryavtseva N.N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAs previously established, chronic agonistic interactions lead to the development of depression-like state under social defeat stress in the defeated mice and pathology of aggressive behavior in the winning mice. According to the numerous research data, these psychopathological states are accompanied by tremendous molecular and cellular changes in the brain. The paper aimed to study the influence of 20-day period of agonistic interactions on the expression mode of collagen family genes, encoding the proteins, which are basic components of extracellular matrix (ECM), in the different brain regions of mice using the RNA-Seq database. Most of the differentially expressed collagen genes were upregulated in the hypothalamus and striatum of chronically aggressive and defeated mice and in the hippocampus of the defeated mice. In the ventral tegmental area the most genes were downregulated in both experimental groups. It has been assumed that aberrant expression of collagen genes induced by long experience of agonistic interactions can indicate defects of ECM specific for brain regions in mice with alternative social experiences. This study first shows remodeling of molecular base in the ECM under development of experimental psychoneuropathologies.Corresponding authors: Kudryavtseva N.N., n.n.kudryavtseva@gmail.com; Babenko V.N., bob@bionet.nsc.ru
BAR scaffolds drive membrane fission by crowding disordered domains
Authors: Snead Wilton T. , Zeno Wade F. , Kago Grace , Perkins Ryan W. , Richter J Blair , Zhao Chi , Lafer Eileen M. , Stachowiak Jeanne C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCylindrical protein scaffolds are thought to stabilize membrane tubules, preventing membrane fission. In contrast, Snead et al. find that when scaffold proteins assemble, bulky disordered domains within them become acutely concentrated, generating steric pressure that destabilizes tubules, driving fission.AbstractCellular membranes are continuously remodeled. The crescent-shaped bin-amphiphysinrvs (BAR) domains remodel membranes in multiple cellular pathways. Based on studies of BAR domains in isolation, the current paradigm is that they polymerize into cylindrical scaffolds that stabilize lipid tubules, preventing membrane fission. But in nature BAR domains are often part of multi-domain proteins that contain large intrinsically-disordered regions. Using in vitro and live cell assays, here we show that full-length BAR domain-containing proteins, rather than stabilizing membrane tubules, are instead surprisingly potent drivers of membrane fission. Specifically, when BAR scaffolds assemble at membrane surfaces, their bulky disordered domains become crowded, generating steric pressure that destabilizes lipid tubules. More broadly, we observe this behavior with BAR domains that have a range of curvatures. These data challenge the idea that cellular membranes adopt the curvature of BAR scaffolds, suggesting instead that the ability to concentrate disordered domains is the key requirement for membrane remodeling and fission by BAR domain-containing proteins.
Perceived sensory quality of unpolished pigmented and milled white rice
Authors: Juemanee Arunothai , Kijroongrojana Kongkarn , Meenune Mutita , Posri Wilatsana 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and compare consumer perceptions of unpolished pigmented rice and milled white rice between unfamiliar and typical consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
This study first employed focus groups to explore attitudes and habits relating to rice consumption among British subjects. A sensory descriptive analysis method, flash profiling (FP), was then applied on consumer panels in the UK and Thailand to gain perceived sensory quality of unfamiliar and typical rice samples. The sensory profiles generated by British and Thai panellists were analysed by generalised procrustean analysis (GPA) and compared based on perceived attributes, dominant characteristics and repeatability.

Findings
Focus group results suggested that consumer familiarity with rice might influence preferred rice textural quality. The prominent textures of stickiness and bittiness of unpolished pigmented rice were negatively associated with perceived quality in the UK participants. The sensory profiles generated by GPA consisted of similarity with darkness of colour and sweet/earthy type odours that are key dominant characteristics of the Thai pigmented rice.

Practical implications
The research has provided sensory information of the unpolished pigmented rice as compared with milled white rice. The information gives insights on product development directions for export and further research on rice processing and cooking instructions.

Originality/value
This study is the first to apply sensory evaluation in a cross-cultural comparison of pigmented rice.
Food security though public stockholdings and trade distortions
Authors: Nakuja Tekuni , Kerr William A. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The issue of subsidized acquisition of food stocks for food security purposes has become a contentious issue at the World Trade Organization (WTO) due to their potential impact on international trade. The purpose of this paper is to provide estimates of the effects on trade of stockholding programs designed specifically to meet a food security objective.

Design/methodology/approach
A spatial-temporal trade model is developed and then the effects of stockholding policies which satisfy food security goals are simulated and compared to the case where stockholdings are not allowed.

Findings
The results suggest that if stockholding policies that satisfy food security goals are allowed in the case of all importing countries and all G-33 developing countries trade will increase significantly during the stock acquisition phase but will have a negative impact on trade during stock disposal. If stockholding policies are restricted to small high food security risk countries, however, the impacts on trade would not be large enough to be of international concern.

Originality/value
The results suggests that a permanent solution at the WTO might lie in exemptions for small high food security risk countries rather than a one size fits all rule applied to all developing countries. Trade policy makers have been charged with finding a permanent solution to the issue of subsidized public stockholdings for food security purposes but have been hampered, in part, by a dearth of empirical estimates of the effect of such stockholdings on trade. This paper informs the negotiations.
Benchmarking industrial engineering programs
Authors: Nguyen Anh Tuan , Nguyen Nguyen Vang-Phuc 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the best practices of industrial engineering (IE) programs that could be learnt and used at other educational institutions.Design/methodology/approachNine IE programs in the USA are benchmarked using a conceptual framework that considers an educational program as a system consisting of a purpose, a curriculum, resources, and quality processes. The information used in benchmarking is collected from the program self-study reports, course catalogs, and websites which are available on the internet.FindingsIt is found that in spite of their diversity in history, missions, sizes, and reputations, the studied programs are rather unified in terms of purpose definition, curriculum formation, resource selection, and quality process usage. From the analysis, a template of IE curriculum is proposed.Research limitations/implicationsAs the selection of the studied programs is based on the availability of the information, the findings may not be representative for IE programs in the USA. Future work can aim at comparing IE programs from various countries.Practical implicationsThe findings could be used as benchmarks by IE schools interested in the improvement of operations.Originality/valueA conceptual framework for benchmarking is proposed and proves useful for comparing educational programs. The findings represent the current best practices at IE schools in the USA.