bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On mean flow generation due to oblique reflection of internal waves at a slope
Authors: Kataoka Takeshi , Akylas T. R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSmall‐amplitude expansions are utilized to discuss the mean flow induced by the reflection of a weakly nonlinear internal gravity wave beam at a uniform rigid slope, in the case where the beam planes of constant phase meet the slope at an arbitrary direction, not necessarily parallel to the isobaths, and the flow cannot be taken as two dimensional. Along the vertical, the Eulerian mean flow, due to such an oblique reflection, is equal and opposite to the Stokes drift so the Lagrangian mean flow vanishes, similar to a two‐dimensional reflection. The horizontal Eulerian mean flow, however, is controlled by the mean potential vorticity (PV) and the corresponding Lagrangian mean flow is generally nonzero, in contrast to two‐dimensional flow where PV identically vanishes. For an oblique reflection, furthermore, viscous dissipation can trigger generation of horizontal mean flow via irreversible production of mean PV, a phenomenon akin to streaming.
Empirical likelihood and Wilks phenomenon for data with nonignorable missing values
Authors: Zhao Puying , Wang Lei , Shao Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWilks's theorem is useful for constructing confidence regions. When applying the popular empirical likelihood to data with nonignorable nonresponses, Wilks's phenomenon does not hold. This paper unveils that this is caused by the extra estimation of the nuisance parameter in the nonignorable nonresponse propensity. Motivated by this result, we propose an adjusted empirical likelihood for which Wilks's theorem holds. Asymptotic results are presented and supplemented by simulation results for finite sample performance of the point estimators and confidence regions. An analysis of a data set is included for illustration.
Science, technology, and sexuality: New directions in the study of sexual knowledge
Authors: Vogler Stefan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe sociology of sexualities and the sociology of science, knowledge, and technology share many areas of theoretical and empirical interest, yet engagements between the fields have been limited. Work that has spanned both fields has tended to focus on sexuality from a biomedical perspective, neglecting other forms of knowledge production. This paper critically reviews existing areas of convergence between the fields, including measurement and classification, medicalization and risk, reproduction and families, politics and the state, and social movements. I offer suggestions for new avenues of research in these areas in addition to considering how greater theoretical exchange between the two fields could enrich both. I ultimately contend that analyzing forms of social knowledge making—such as law, religion, and the humanities and social sciences—and adopting a broader understanding of STS as method can provide a fresh direction in studying the production and circulation of sexual knowledge.
Cryopreserved platelets augment the inflammatory response: role of phosphatidylserine‐ and P‐selectin–mediated platelet phagocytosis in macrophages
Authors: Zhao Jingxiang , Xu Bocong , Chen Gan , Zhang Yuhua , Wang Quan , Zhao Lian , Zhou Hong 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDCryopreservation in dimethyl sulfoxide and storage at −80 °C extends the shelf life of platelets to at least 2 years, allowing greater availability in rural and military areas. While cryopreserved platelets (CPPs) have been extensively characterized for coagulation and thrombin generation, reports on the mechanism of adverse reactions to CPPs transfusion are scarce. Here, we tested the hypothesis that CPPs facilitate phagocytosis by Kupffer cells and subsequently promote the inflammatory response in Kupffer cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSP‐selectin expression, glycoprotein Ibα clustering and phosphatidylserine (PS) surface exposure on platelets stored at 22 °C, 4 °C and − 80 °C for 3 days were examined by flow cytometry. The phagocytosis of mepacrine‐labeled platelets coincubated with THP‐1 cells was examined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and the release of cytokines from THP‐1 cells was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSCPPs showed a marked enhancement of exposed PS but dramatically reduced glycoprotein Ibα expression and clustering compared with platelets stored at 4 °C. Activation of THP‐1 cells was stronger by CPPs than by platelets stored at 22 °C and 4 °C. CPP interference tests using annexin V and anti–P‐selectin showed that CPPs induced increases in PS‐ and P‐selectin–mediated phagocytosis, as well as secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukins IL‐1β and IL‐6, but a decrease in transforming growth factor‐β production in THP‐1 cells. Surface‐exposed PS was more effective than P‐selectin for the activation of THP‐1 cells.CONCLUSIONCPPs triggered PS and P‐selectin–mediated phagocytosis by macrophages and stimulated the inflammatory response of macrophages.
Nitrification via microorganism‐immobilized media using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
Authors: Shin Dong‐chul , Seo Jeong‐mi , Park Chul‐hwi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the nitrification of wastewater using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) media immobilized with nitrifying bacteria. The microorganism‐immobilized media used in this study was prepared by mixing 10% (v/v) PVA, 6% (v/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) and nitrifying microorganism culture solution. Analysis revealed that the nitrification rate when using the microorganism‐immobilized media increased to 49.1, 80.0 and 83.9% as the filling rate increased to 5, 15 and 25%, respectively. The mass transfer rate of the prepared microorganism‐immobilized media was estimated to be 37.69 mg/L·h maximum. The respiration rate was measured in order to compare with the microorganism‐immobilized media and the conventional biological treatment process of anaerobic‐anoxic‐oxic (A2O). Respiration time of sludge and the media were similar, but the respiration rate of the microorganism‐immobilized media (initial 20.8 mg O2/(L·h)) was higher than that of the activated sludge (initial 12.4 mg O2/(L·h)).
Usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound using perfluorobutanecontaining microbubbles as a planning for percutaneous biopsies of focal hepatic lesions: a prospective feasibility study
Authors: Lee Sang Min , Kim Jung Hoon , Yang Hyun Kyung , Kang Hyo-Jin , Han Joon Koo 
Published: February 2019

Aims: To determine whether contrast-enhanced US using perfluorobutane-containing microbubbles (SEUS) would be helpful for planning a hepatic biopsy.Material and methods: This prospective study included 40 patients who planned to undergo hepatic biopsy for focal hepatic lesions. All patients underwent B-mode US followed by SEUS. The radiologist evaluated the number of detected lesions, presence of necrosis, conspicuity of target lesion and technical feasibility using 4-point scale. Technical failure and occurrence of change of the target were also assessed. Computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images were the reference techniques. Results: The mean number of lesions detected on CT and MR images was 6.5±8.4. In 20 (50%) of 40 patients, more focal lesions were detected on SEUS. Targeted lesion was changed in sixpatients (15%) on SEUS. Mean number of detected lesions on SEUS was significantly higher comparing with B-US (5.1±6.2 vs. 2.8±3.8, p<0.001). Conspicuity of the targeted lesion was improved in 67.5% (27 of 40) on SEUS and significantly more visualized than B-US (3.6±0.8 vs. 2.8±0.9, p<0.001). In 7 more patients the necrosis within the lesion was visualized (17.5%) using SEUS. The technical feasibility on SEUS was significantly higher than B-US (2.3±1.0 vs. 3.3±0.9, p<0.001). Technical failure was observed in only one patient (2.5%).Conclusions: SEUS is a helpful technique for planning the hepatic biopsyin terms of detection, improving lesion conspicuity, tumor viable portion assessment and consequently higher operator confidence, compared with B-US.
Purpose, Frequency, and Mode of Transport by Which Older Adults Leave Their Home—A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Mikolaizak A. Stefanie , Klenk Jochen , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Denkinger Michael D. , Rapp Kilian , _ _ 
Published: February 2019

Time spent out-of-home can increase physical activity (PA) levels. However, the association between the purpose for leaving home and the mode of transport on time out-of-home and PA are not straightforward. In a large sample of community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years), daily walking duration was measured prospectively over 1 week using body-fixed sensors and time-out-of-home questionnaires. Data from 1,277 participants yielded 6,500 full days for analysis. The following statistically significant associations were seen: public transport use increased the time spent out-of-home by 88 min and daily walking duration by 16 min. Social contacts or the use of a car increased the time out-of-home, but decreased PA. Shopping or “going by foot” decreased the time spent out-of-home by 19 and 62 min, respectively, while both increased the daily walking duration by 5 min. The association between time out-of-home and PA (daily walking duration) is strongly dependent on the activity and mode of transport.
Acute Effects of Gastrocnemius/Soleus Self-Myofascial Release Versus Dynamic Stretching on Closed-Chain Dorsiflexion
Authors: Somers Kimberly , Aune Dustin , Horten Anthony , Kim James , Rogers Julia 
Published: February 2019

Context: Limited ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion has been correlated with decreased flexibility of the gastrocnemius/soleus complex. Decreased ankle DF range of motion can lead to an increase in lower-extremity injuries, for example, acute ankle sprains, Achilles tendinopathy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single application of the intervention to the gastrocnemius/soleus complex via multidirectional self-myofascial release using a foam roller, multiplanar dynamic stretch performed in downward dog, or a combination of both techniques acutely improved ankle DF. Design: Subjects were assigned to groups via random card selection. Investigators provided verbal cues as needed to yield correct performance of interventions. Both interventions were performed twice for 1 minute using a dynamic walking rest of 30.48 m at a self-selected pace between interventions. Statistical analyses were completed using a 1-way analysis of variance, at α level ≤ .05. Setting: A convenience sample study. Participants: A total of 42 asymptomatic physical therapy students (18 females and 24 males) with mean age of 26.12 (4.03) years volunteered to participate. Interventions: Multidirectional self-myofascial release using a foam roller, multiplanar dynamic stretch performed in downward dog, or a combination of both techniques. Main Outcome Measures: Weight-bearing right ankle DF measurements were recorded in centimeters using a forward lunge technique (intraclass correlation coefficient = .98, .97, and .96). Results: Data analysis revealed no significant difference between the 3 groups in all pre–post measurements (P = .82). Mean (SD) measurements from pretest to posttest for myofascial release, dynamic stretching, and combination interventions were 0.479 (0.7) cm, 0.700 (0.7) cm, and 0.907 (1.4) cm, respectively. Conclusion: Until further studies are conducted, the selection of technique to increase ankle DF range of motion should be based on each individual patient’s ability, preference, and response to treatment.
Submaximal Cricket Fast Bowling Offers a Disproportionate Reduction in Loading Versus Performance: An Alternative Workload Intervention
Authors: Greig Matt , Child Benjamin 
Published: February 2019

Context: Cricket fast bowlers are particularly susceptible to lumbar spine loading and injury. Quantitative analysis of technique typically involves laboratory-based biomechanical systems with limited ecological validity, whereas contemporary developments in global positioning satellite microtechnologies facilitate an on-field evaluation of loading. Objective: To quantify the influence of submaximal bowling from reduced approach lengths on performance and loading. Design: Repeated-measures, field-based design. Setting: Regulation cricket pitch. Participants: A total of 12 male cricket academy fast bowlers (18.7 [0.7] y), injury free with ≥3 years of competitive experience. Interventions: Each bowler wore 2 global positioning satellite units placed at C7 and L4 to measure triaxial acceleration (100 Hz). Bowlers completed an over (6 deliveries) from a randomized 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-stride approach. Main Outcome Measures: Ball speed was recorded as the performance measure, with PlayerLoad in the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical planes also calculated for each delivery length. Results: In ball speed, there was a significant main effect for delivery length (P = .02), with a 3-stride approach eliciting significantly less ball speed than a 9-stride (P = .03) or 12-stride (P = .002) approach. In loading, there was a significant main effect for delivery length (P < .001) in the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical planes, with loading increasing linearly as a function of delivery strides. The 6-stride approach elicited a 44% reduction in loading, with a disproportionately small 3.5% decrease in performance. There was a significant main effect for global positioning satellite location (P ≤ .023) in all planes, with L4 eliciting greater loading than C7. Conclusions: A submaximal 6-stride approach yielded the optimum balance between reduced loading and performance inhibition. Reduced delivery length, therefore, offers an alternative to reduced overs in reducing loading in young bowlers and might also have practicable value in the rehabilitation of bowlers postinjury.
Operationally Conceptualizing Physical Literacy: Results of a Delphi Study
Authors: Shortt Chelsee A. , Webster Collin A. , Keegan Richard J. , Egan Cate A. , Brian Ali S. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: To operationally conceptualize physical literacy (PL) for application in the United States, using a modified Delphi approach, with PL academics.Methods: A sequential, mixed methods, modified Delphi research design was employed, consisting of three phases: (a) literature analysis, (b) Delphi Survey I (22 participants), and (c) Delphi Survey II (18 participants). Data were analyzed using qualitative coding and descriptive frequency statistics.Results: PL academics’ conceptions of PL suggested a multidimensional, noncontextual, personal, holistic learning process. Qualitative analysis generated two themes: (a) “PL is” and (b) “PL is not.” Quantitative results aligned with the qualitative findings. PL concepts that achieved unanimous agreement were (a) application of knowledge to physical activity (PA), (b) value of PA, (c) autonomous participation in PA, (d) enjoyment of PA, and (e) ability to participate in PA independently.Discussion/Conclusion: PL was operationalized as an autonomous application of movement, constructed by the individual’s conception of movement and response to adversity.
Modelling the allocation of paediatric intensive care retrieval teams in England and Wales
Authors: King Madeline , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Seaton Sarah E , Pagel Christina 
Published: February 2019

Background
Following centralisation of UK paediatric intensive care units in 1997, specialist paediatric intensive care retrieval teams (PICRTs) were established to transport critically ill children from district general hospitals (DGHs). The current location and catchment area of PICRTs covering England and Wales are based on historical referral patterns. National quality standards specify that PICRTs should reach the patient bedside within 3 hours of accepting a referral.

Objective
To determine what proportion of demand for PICRT services in England and Wales can be reached within 3 hours and to explore the potential coverage impact of more stringent ‘time to bedside’ standards.

Methods
We used mathematical location–allocation methods to: (1) determine the optimal allocation of DGHs to current PICRT locations to minimise road journey time and calculated the proportion of demand reachable within 3 hours, 2 hours, 90 min, 75 min and 1 hour and (2) explore the impact of changing the number and location of PICRTs on demand coverage for the different time thresholds.

Results
For current (and optimal) location of 11 PICRTs, 98% (98%) of demand is reachable within 3 hours; 86% (91%) within 2 hours; 59% (69%) within 90 min; 33% (39%) within 75 min; and 20% (20%) within 1 hour. Five hospitals were not reachable within 3 hours. For the 3-hour standard, eight optimally located PICRT locations had similar coverage as the current 11 locations.

Conclusions
If new evidence supports reduction in the time to bedside standard, many more hospitals will not be adequately covered. Location–allocation optimisation is a powerful technique for supporting evidence-based service configuration.
Dexamethasone implant for non-infectious uveitis: is it cost-effective?
Authors: Squires Hazel , Bermejo Iñigo , Poku Edith N , Cooper Katy , Stevens John , Hamilton Jean , Wong Ruth , Denniston Alastair K , Pearce Ian , Quhill Fahd Mohammed 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundUveitis is inflammation inside the eye. The objective of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of a dexamethasone implant plus current practice (immunosuppressants and systemic corticosteroids) compared with current practice alone, in patients with non-infectious intermediate, posterior or pan-uveitis and to identify areas for future research.MethodsA Markov model was built to estimate the costs and benefits of dexamethasone. Systematic reviews were performed to identify available relevant evidence. Quality of life data from the key randomised-controlled trial (HURON) was used to estimate the interventions’ effectiveness compared with the trial’s comparator arm (placebo plus limited current practice (LCP)). The analysis took a National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective. Costs were calculated based on standard UK sources.ResultsThe incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of one dexamethasone implant compared with LCP is estimated as £19 509 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The factors with the largest impact on the results were rate of blindness and relative proportion of blindness cases avoided by dexamethasone. Using plausible alternative assumptions, dexamethasone could be cost saving or it may be associated with an ICER of £56 329 per QALY gained compared with LCP.ConclusionsDexamethasone is estimated to be cost-effective using generally accepted UK thresholds. However, there is substantial uncertainty around these results due to scarcity of evidence. Future research on the following would help provide more reliable estimates: effectiveness of dexamethasone versus current practice (instead of LCP), with subgroup analyses for unilateral and bilateral uveitis, incidence of long-term blindness and effectiveness of dexamethasone in avoiding blindness.
High intensity exercise for 3 months reduces disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA): a multicentre randomised trial of 100 patients
Authors: Sveaas Silje Halvorsen , Bilberg Annelie , Berg Inger Jorid , Provan Sella Arrestad , Rollefstad Silvia , Semb Anne Grete , Hagen Kåre Birger , Johansen Melissa Woll , Pedersen Elisabeth , Dagfinrud Hanne 
Published: February 2019

Background
Exercise is considered important in the management of patients with rheumatic diseases, but the effect of high intensity exercises on disease activity is unknown.

Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of high intensity exercises on disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Method
Assessor blinded multicentre randomised controlled trial. 100 patients (aged from their 20s to their 60s) with axSpA were randomly assigned to an exercise group or to a no-intervention control group. The exercise group performed cardiorespiratory and muscular strength exercises at high intensity over 3 months. The control group received standard care and was instructed to maintain their usual physical activity level. Primary outcome was disease activity measured with the Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Disease Activity Scale (ASDAS, higher score=worst) and the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI, 0–10, 10=worst). Secondary outcomes were inflammatory markers, physical function and cardiovascular (CV)-health. There was patient involvement in the design and reporting of this study.

Results
97 of the 100 (97%) randomised patients completed the measurements after the intervention. There was a significant treatment effect of the intervention on the primary outcome (ASDAS: −0.6 [–0.8 to –0.3], p<0.001 and BASDAI: −1.2 [–1.8 to –0.7], p<0.001). Significant treatment effects were also seen for inflammation, physical function and CV-health.

Conclusion
High intensity exercises reduced disease symptoms (pain, fatigue, stiffness) and also inflammation in patients with axSpA. It improves patients’ function and CV health. This debunks concerns that high intensity exercise might exacerbate disease activity in patients with axSpA.

Trial registration number

NCT02356874
.
Associations of CDH1 germline variant location and cancer phenotype in families with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC)
Authors: Lo Winifred , Zhu Bin , Sabesan Arvind , Wu Ho-Hsiang , Powers Astin , Sorber Rebecca A , Ravichandran Sarangan , Chen Ina , McDuffie Lucas A , Quadri Humair S , Beane Joal D , Calzone Kathleen , Miettinen Markku M , Hewitt Stephen M , Koh Christopher , Heller Theo , Wacholder Sholom , Rudloff Udo 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionHereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a cancer syndrome associated with variants in E-cadherin (CDH1), diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. There is considerable heterogeneity in its clinical manifestations. This study aimed to determine associations between CDH1 germline variant status and clinical phenotypes of HDGC.MethodsOne hundred and fifty-two HDGC families, including six previously unreported families, were identified. CDH1 gene-specific guidelines released by the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) CDH1 Variant Curation Expert Panel were applied for pathogenicity classification of truncating, missense and splice site CDH1 germline variants. We evaluated ORs between location of truncating variants of CDH1 and incidence of colorectal cancer, breast cancer and cancer at young age (gastric cancer at <40 or breast cancer <50 years of age).ResultsFrequency of truncating germline CDH1 variants varied across functional domains of the E-cadherin receptor gene and was highest in linker (0.05785 counts/base pair; p=0.0111) and PRE regions (0.10000; p=0.0059). Families with truncating CDH1 germline variants located in the PRE-PRO region were six times more likely to have family members affected by colorectal cancer (OR 6.20, 95% CI 1.79 to 21.48; p=0.004) compared with germline variants in other regions. Variants in the intracellular E-cadherin region were protective for cancer at young age (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.64; p=0.0071) and in the linker regions for breast cancer (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.99; p=0.0493). Different CDH1 genotypes were associated with different intracellular signalling activation levels including different p-ERK, p-mTOR and β-catenin levels in early submucosal T1a lesions of HDGC families with different CDH1 variants.ConclusionType and location of CDH1 germline variants may help to identify families at increased risk for concomitant cancers that might benefit from individualised surveillance and intervention strategies.