bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideas in dialogue: Leveraging the power of child-led storytelling in the multicultural preschool classroom
Authors: Flynn Erin Elizabeth 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn investigation into the interactive features of small group, child-led storytelling in preschool classrooms serving lower socioeconomic status (SES), multilingual children shows both the affordances and constraints of positioning children to author their own experiences in the classroom. In story circles, children told stories that included canonical instantiations of story and culturally shaped features. Through their stories, the children advanced ideas, built connections, and evaluated ways of telling stories as they continued ideas like threads from story to story. Child-led storytelling did not disrupt the dynamics of power through which some ways of using language are privileged while others are marginalized. Instead, story circles simply shifted children’ relationship to the process of being and becoming literate such that children did the evaluating, valuing, and promoting of ways of using language, developing literate identities, but potentially forestalling some ways of participating even as shared interactional norms were developed. (Storytelling, multicultural, early childhood education)*
Older people and Social Quality – what difference does income make?
Authors: Foster Liam , Tomlinson Mark , Walker Alan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between Social Quality and income in later life and represents the first application of the concept to a United Kingdom data-set with an explicit focus on older people. In order to undertake this analysis, confirmatory factor analysis models are employed in conjunction with the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). This enables various dimensions or domains of Social Quality to be measured and then subjected to further scrutiny via regression analysis. Initially, the paper explores links between low income, poverty and older people, prior to outlining the concept of Social Quality and its four conditional factors. Following the methodology, the impact of income on Social Quality domains is explored. We identify that differences in income in older age provide a partial explanation of differences in individual Social Quality. While there is a statistically significant relationship between income and certain aspects of Social Quality such as economic security, altruism, social networks and culture/participation, other factors such as health, identity and time did not have a statistically significant relationship with income. This indicates that improvements in the income of older people are likely to positively impact on aspects of their Social Quality. Finally, some policy implications of the finding are outlined with particular reference to the potential role for pensions in enhancing aspects of Social Quality in retirement.
Cultural influences on the developing semantic lexicon
Authors: McGREGOR Karla , MUNRO Natalie , CHEN Su Mei , BAKER Elise , OLESON Jacob 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo determine whether the developing semantic lexicon varies with culture, we examined the animal and food naming of children from three communities distinguished by language, cultural heritage, and population density. The children were five- and seven-year-olds from Australia (n = 197), Taiwan (n = 456), and the US (n = 172). Naming patterns revealed hierarchical and flexible organization of the semantic lexicon. The content of the lexicon, particularly food names, varied with cultural heritage. In all three communities, wild mammals were predominant during animal naming, a likely influence of children's media. The influence of the Chinese zodiac was evident in the clustering of animal names in the Taiwanese sample. There was no apparent influence of population density and little influence of language, except that the Taiwanese children more frequently named foods at the superordinate level, a possible influence of the structure of Mandarin. Children develop their lexicons in response to culture as experienced first-hand or through media.
Embedding parts in shape grammars using a parallel particle swarm optimization method on graphics processing units
Authors: Keles Hacer Yalim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEmbedding emergent parts in shape grammars is computationally challenging. The first challenge is the representation of shapes, which needs to enable reinterpretation of parts regardless of the creation history of the shapes. The second challenge is the relevant part searching algorithm that provides an extensive exploration of the design space–time efficiently. In this work, we propose a novel method to solve both problems; we treat shapes as they are and use a parallel particle swarm optimization-based algorithm to compute emergent parts. The execution time of the proposed method is improved substantially by dividing the search space into small parts and carrying out searches in each part concurrently using a graphics processing unit. The experiments show that the proposed implementation detects emergent parts accurately and time efficiently.
Operational burden of implementing Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium cluster detection using whole genome sequencing surveillance data in England: a retrospective assessment
Authors: Mook Piers , Gardiner Daniel , Verlander Neville Q. , McCormick Jacquelyn , Usdin Martine , Crook Paul , Jenkins Claire , Dallman Timothy J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince April 2014 all presumptive Salmonella isolates received by Public Health England (PHE) have been characterised using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and the genomic data generated used to identify clusters of infection. To inform the implementation and development of a national gastrointestinal infection surveillance system based on WGS we have retrospectively identified genetically related clusters of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium infection over a one year period and determined the distribution of these clusters by PHE operational levels. Using a constrained WGS cluster definition based on single nucleotide polymorphism distance, case frequency and temporal spread we demonstrate that the majority of clusters spread to multiple PHE operational levels. The greatest investigative burden is on national level staff investigating small, geographically dispersed clusters. We also demonstrate that WGS identifies long-running, slowly developing clusters that may previously have remained undetected. This analysis also indicates likely increased workload for local health protection teams and will require an operational strategy to balance limited human resources with the public health importance of investigating small, geographically contained clusters of highly related cases. While there are operational challenges to its implementation, integrated cluster detection based on WGS from local to international level will provide further improvements in the identification of, response to and control of clusters of Salmonella spp. with public health significance.
Associations between home and school neighbourhood food environments and adolescents’ fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage intakes: findings from the Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) Study
Authors: Shareck Martine , Lewis Daniel , Smith Neil R , Clary Christelle , Cummins Steven 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between availability of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores in the home and school neighbourhoods, considered separately and together, and adolescents’ fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingEast London, UK.SubjectsAdolescents (n3089; aged 13–15 years) from the Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) Study self-reported their weekly frequency of fast-food and SSB consumption. We used food business addresses collected from local authority registers to derive absolute (counts) and relative (proportions) exposure measures to fast-food restaurants and convenience stores within 800 m from home, school, and home and school combined. Associations between absolute and relative measures of the food environment and fast-food and SSB intakes were assessed using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors.ResultsAbsolute exposure to fast-food restaurants or convenience stores in the home, school, or combined home and school neighbourhoods was not associated with any of the outcomes. High SSB intake was associated with relative exposure to convenience stores in the residential neighbourhood (risk ratio=1·45; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·96) and in the home and school neighbourhoods combined (risk ratio=1·69; 95 % CI 1·11, 2·57).ConclusionsWe found no evidence of an association between absolute exposure to fast-food restaurants and convenience stores around home and school and adolescents’ fast-food and SSB intakes. Relative exposure, which measures the local diversity of the neighbourhood food environment, was positively associated with SSB intake. Relative measures of the food environment may better capture the environmental risks for poor diet than absolute measures.
A Statewide Survey of Stakeholders to Assess the Problem Weeds and Weed Management Practices in Nebraska
Authors: Sarangi Debalin , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStakeholders were surveyed across Nebraska to identify the problem weeds and assess common weed management practices. A total of 425 responses were returned across four Nebraska extension districts (Northeast, Panhandle, Southeast, and West Central). Collectively, 61.2% of total farmed or scouted areas in Nebraska were under no-till production, and corn and soybean were the major crops (82.3% of total farmed or scouted area). Common waterhemp, horseweed, and kochia were the most problematic weeds statewide. Widespread occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds such as common waterhemp, horseweed, kochia, and Palmer amaranth were a serious problem in GR crop production. Additionally, 60% of growers in Nebraska reported the presence of at least one GR weed species on their farms. The most commonly used preplant burndown herbicides were 2,4-D and glyphosate, followed by saflufenacil and dicamba. In Nebraska, 74% and 59% of corn and soybean growers, respectively, were using PRE herbicides; however, more than 80% of growers were using POST herbicides for in-crop weed management. Atrazine alone or in premix or tank mix with mesotrione,S-metolachlor, or acetochlor were the most widely applied PRE herbicides in corn and grain sorghum, whereas the most commonly used PRE herbicides in soybean were the inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). Glyphosate was the most frequent choice of the survey respondents as a POST herbicide in GR corn and soybean; 2,4-D was the most commonly used POST herbicide in grain sorghum and wheat. In Nebraska, only 5.2% of total crop area was planted with glufosinate-resistant crops. Most of the respondents (89%) were aware of the new multiple herbicide–resistant crops, and 80% of them listed physical drift and volatility of the auxinic herbicides as their primary concern. Forty-eight percent of survey respondents identified herbicide-resistant weed management as their primary research and extension priority.
Flight Deployment of a High‐Resolution Time‐of‐Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer: Observations of Reactive Halogen and Nitrogen Oxide Species
Authors: Lee Ben H. , Lopez‐Hilfiker Felipe D. , Veres Patrick R. , McDuffie Erin E. , Fibiger Dorothy L. , Sparks Tamara L. , Ebben Carlena J. , Green Jaime R. , Schroder Jason C. , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Iyer Siddharth , D'Ambro Emma L. , Schobesberger Siegfried , Brown Steven S. , Wooldridge Paul J. , Cohen Ronald C. , Fiddler Marc N. , Bililign Solomon , Jimenez Jose L. , Kurtén Theo , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Jaegle Lyatt , Thornton Joel A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe describe the University of Washington airborne high‐resolution time‐of‐flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HRToF‐CIMS) and evaluate its performance aboard the NCAR‐NSF C‐130 aircraft during the recent Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions and Reactivity (WINTER) experiment in February–March of 2015. New features include (i) a computer‐controlled dynamic pinhole that maintains constant mass flow‐rate into the instrument independent of altitude changes to minimize variations in instrument response times; (ii) continuous addition of low flow‐rate humidified ultrahigh purity nitrogen to minimize the difference in water vapor pressure, hence instrument sensitivity, between ambient and background determinations; (iii) deployment of a calibration source continuously generating isotopically labeled dinitrogen pentoxide (15N2O5) for in‐flight delivery; and (iv) frequent instrument background determinations to account for memory effects resulting from the interaction between sticky compounds and instrument surface following encounters with concentrated air parcels. The resulting improvements to precision and accuracy, along with the simultaneous acquisition of these species and the full set of their isotopologues, allow for more reliable identification, source attribution, and budget accounting, for example, by speciating the individual constituents of nocturnal reactive nitrogen oxides (NOz = ClNO2 + 2 × N2O5 + HNO3 + etc.). We report on an expanded set of species quantified using iodide‐adduct ionization such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and other inorganic reactive halogen species including hypochlorous acid, nitryl chloride, chlorine, nitryl bromide, bromine, and bromine chloride (HOCl, ClNO2, Cl2, BrNO2, Br2, and BrCl, respectively).
Looking for Evidence of Wind‐Shear Disconnections of the Earth's Magnetotail: GEOTAIL Measurements and LFM MHD Simulations
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDisconnections of the Earth's magnetotail caused by abrupt wind shear in the solar wind are predicted by global magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Further, analysis of ACE spacecraft measurements finds that strong wind shears in the solar wind at Earth are common. In this report GEOTAIL observations in the distant (~200 RE) magnetotail are used to look for evidence of these predicted disconnection events. Three‐dimensional global magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the LFM (Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobary) code were run to determine the expected signatures of magnetotail‐disconnection events as seen by a spacecraft. Fourty‐four magnetotail entry events on the dawnside of the distant magnetotail in the years 1993–1994 were examined individually and using superposed‐epoch analysis. Signatures in the GEOTAIL measurements consistent with entry into the magnetotail from the magnetosheath caused by disconnection events were seen, particularly the temporal pattern of plasma flow and the temporal pattern of the magnetic field direction. Conclusive observations of magnetotail disconnections will probably have to await having measurements with a constellation of spacecraft in the magnetotail.
Quantifying Methane and Ethane Emissions to the Atmosphere From Central and Western U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Production Regions
Authors: Peischl J. , Eilerman S. J. , Neuman J. A. , Aikin K. C. , de Gouw J. , Gilman J. B. , Herndon S. C. , Nadkarni R. , Trainer M. , Warneke C. , Ryerson T. B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present atmospheric measurements of methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) taken aboard a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP‐3D research aircraft in 2015 over oil‐ and natural gas‐producing regions of the central and western United States. We calculate emission rates from the horizontal flux of CH4 and C2H6 in the planetary boundary layer downwind of five of these oil‐ and gas‐producing regions: the Bakken in North Dakota, the Barnett in Texas, the Denver Basin in Colorado, the Eagle Ford in Texas, and the Haynesville in Texas and Louisiana. In general, we find that the enhancement of C2H6 relative to CH4 in the atmosphere is similar to their relative abundances in locally produced natural gas. For the Bakken and Barnett regions, both absolute CH4 emissions and the percentage of produced natural gas emitted to the atmosphere are consistent with previous studies. The percentage of produced natural gas emitted to the atmosphere was lower than in previous studies in the Denver Basin and the Haynesville regions, which may be due to a decrease in drilling activity, an increase in emission controls, or some combination thereof. Finally, we provide the first estimates of basin‐wide emissions from the Eagle Ford region using in situ airborne data and find C2H6 emissions to be greater than those from the Bakken region. Emissions from the Bakken and Eagle Ford regions combined account for 20% of anthropogenic C2H6 emissions in North America.
Isotopic Composition of Gaseous Elemental Mercury in the Marine Boundary Layer of East China Sea
Authors: Fu Xuewu , Yang Xu , Tan Qingyou , Ming Lili , Lin Tian , Lin Che‐Jen , Li Xiangdong , Feng Xinbin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCharacterizing the speciation and isotope signatures of atmospheric mercury (Hg) downwind of mainland China is critical to understanding the outflow of Hg emission and the contributing sources. In this study, we measured the concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), particulate bound mercury, gaseous oxidized mercury, and the GEM isotopic composition in the marine boundary layer of East China Sea from October 2013 to January 2014. Mean (±1σ) GEM, particulate bound mercury, and gaseous oxidized mercury concentrations were 2.25 ± 1.03 ng/m3, 26 ± 38 pg/m3, and 8 ± 10 pg/m3, respectively. Most events of elevated GEM are associated with the outflow of Hg emissions in mainland China. The 24‐ and 48‐hr integrated GEM samples showed large variations in both δ202Hg (−1.63‰ to 0.34‰) and Δ199Hg (−0.26‰ to −0.02‰). GEM δ202Hg and Δ199Hg were negatively and positively correlated to its atmospheric concentrations, respectively, suggesting a binary physical mixing of regional background GEM and Hg emissions in mainland China. Using a binary mixing model, highly negative δ202Hg (−1.79 ± 0.24‰, 1σ) and near‐zero Δ199Hg (0.02 ± 0.04‰, 1σ) signatures for China GEM emissions are predicted. Such isotopic signatures are significantly different from those found in North America and Europe and the background global/regional atmospheric GEM pool. It is likely that emissions from industrial and residential coal combustion (lacking conventional air pollutant control devices), cement and mercury production, biomass burning, and soil emissions contributed significantly to the estimated isotope signatures of GEM emissions in China.
The Importance of Ensemble Techniques for Operational Space Weather Forecasting
Authors: Murray Sophie A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe space weather community has begun to use frontier methods such as data assimilation, machine learning, and ensemble modeling to advance current operational forecasting efforts. This was highlighted by a multidisciplinary session at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Meeting, Frontier Solar‐Terrestrial Science Enabled by the Combination of Data‐Driven Techniques and Physics‐Based Understanding, with considerable discussion surrounding ensemble techniques. Here ensemble methods are described in detail, using a set of predictions to improve on a single‐model output, for example, taking a simple average of multiple models, or using more complex techniques for data assimilation. They have been used extensively in fields such as numerical weather prediction and data science, for both improving model accuracy and providing a measure of model uncertainty. Researchers in the space weather community have found them to be similarly useful, and some examples of success stories are highlighted in this commentary. Future developments are also encouraged to transition these basic research efforts to operational forecasting as well as providing prediction errors to aid end‐user understanding.
Parents as Coping Coaches for Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Single-Arm Pilot Feasibility Trial of a Brief, Group-Based, Cognitive–Behavioral Intervention Promoting Caregiver Self-Regulation
Authors: Guite Jessica W. , Russell Beth S. , Pantaleao Ashley , Thompson Heller Anne , Donohue Erin , Galica Victoria , Zempsky William T. , Ohannessian Christine M. 
Published: July 2018

This project describes the development, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of Parents as Coping Coaches (PaCC), a brief, group-based, cognitive–behavioral intervention designed to target caregiver burden and distress tolerance for parents of adolescents with chronic pain. Participants included parents ( N = 22) of adolescents ( N = 22, age 12–18) with idiopathic chronic pain. Our primary aim was to test whether PaCC, designed to meet unmet caregiver needs, was feasible and acceptable. Using a pre- and posttest design, we assessed caregiving burden, parent distress tolerance, protective parenting responses to the adolescent’s pain, readiness to change, adolescent pain burden, and adolescent functional disability. Most parents approached were enrolled (71%), attended all sessions (68%), provided follow-up data (95%), and were very satisfied with the 3 weekly sessions. Consistent with hypotheses, participation in the PaCC intervention was related to decreases in caregiving burden, protective and monitoring parenting responses to the adolescent’s pain, and parent-perceived adolescent pain burden and disability. Associations between parent and adolescent reports of readiness to change were observed pre- and postintervention. Collectively, initial findings demonstrate feasibility, acceptability, and promising preliminary efficacy for PaCC. Implications for Impact Statement Pediatric chronic pain is a costly public health problem that presents significant burden to patients, parents, and families. Findings suggest that PaCC is a feasible and acceptable group intervention that provides parents with peer support and critical pain education, communication, and emotion regulation skills to alleviate caregiving burden. PaCC may further foster a parenting environment that encourages effective adolescent pain self-management.
Ternary complex of Kif2A-bound tandem tubulin heterodimers represents a kinesin-13-mediated microtubule depolymerization reaction intermediate
Authors: Trofimova Daria , Paydar Mohammadjavad , Zara Anthony , Talje Lama , Kwok Benjamin H. , Allingham John S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKinesin-13 proteins are major microtubule (MT) regulatory factors that catalyze removal of tubulin subunits from MT ends. The class-specific “neck” and loop 2 regions of these motors are required for MT depolymerization, but their contributing roles are still unresolved because their interactions with MT ends have not been observed directly. Here we report the crystal structure of a catalytically active kinesin-13 monomer (Kif2A) in complex with two bent αβ-tubulin heterodimers in a head-to-tail array, providing a view of these interactions. The neck of Kif2A binds to one tubulin dimer and the motor core to the other, guiding insertion of the KVD motif of loop 2 in between them. AMPPNP-bound Kif2A can form stable complexes with tubulin in solution and trigger MT depolymerization. We also demonstrate the importance of the neck in modulating ATP turnover and catalytic depolymerization of MTs. These results provide mechanistic insights into the catalytic cycles of kinesin-13.