bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Career as a Clinician-Educator in Breast Imaging
Authors: Chetlen Alison Lynn , Beatty-Chadha Jeanine , Choe Angela I 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For the breast imaging radiologist, developing a career as a clinician-educator can be accomplished in a number of ways. Whether it be a new graduate or perhaps a radiologist making a midcareer or late-career pivot to the academic world, there are several opportunities and resources that can support a faculty member at any stage in this journey. In this article, the breast imaging radiologist will learn a variety of methods to strengthen their professional identity and career path as a clinician-educator through the early-, mid-, and late-career professional journey.
Enhancing Offshore Wind Turbines Performance with Hybrid Control Strategies Using Neural Networks and Conventional Controllers
Authors: Muñoz-Palomeque Eduardo , Sierra-García J Enrique , Santos Matilde 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A wind turbine is a complex energy converter that requires a robust control solution to overcome performance limitations caused by its mechatronics and external disturbances. Within the turbine operation regions, in the area below the nominal power, the challenge of achieving a precise and highly efficient response must be addressed using multi-objective control strategies that can also contribute to the stability of the structure, reducing vibrations. In this work, a control architecture to maximize the power generation and minimize the vibrations is proposed. Based on this architecture four different hybrid control strategies exploiting radial basis function neural networks and conventional regulators are proposed to cover this twofold objective. The controllers calculate the appropriate electromagnetic torque to track the maximum power point and thus achieve the generation of maximum power, while reducing the acceleration of the tower movement. The neural controllers use a non-supervised learning algorithm to adaptively adjust the weights of the neuros to better couple to the wind turbine dynamics. These combined control methods are tested on a 5 MW floating offshore wind turbine under the influence of winds and waves. The results show that these hybrid strategies are valid for achieving a more efficient response and decreasing turbine fatigue, thus extending their lifetime.
Expressing knowledge as linked data by FOOL
Authors: Giunti Marco , Pinna Simone 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The vision underlying the development of the Semantic Web is that the whole complex of our knowledge forms a huge semantic network, which should be represented and made explicit by means of languages such as RDF, RDFS or OWL. However, these languages have important expressive limits, since none of them reaches the full expressive power of a first-order language. As a result, large parts of our knowledge—in particular, mathematical and scientific theories—cannot currently be made available on the Semantic Web as linked data, not even in principle. In this work, we are going to define FOOL (first-order ontology language), a new ontological language compatible with RDF, which allows the expression of any formula of a first-order language as a connected RDF graph. FOOL is as expressive as a first-order language, but unlike it, its statements do not have a serialized form. Instead, like a RDF statement, each statement of a FOOL knowledge base is a connected graph, and different statements link to each other through the meaningful nodes they share. In this way, the semantic relationships between statements are made explicit, and given FOOL’s compatibility with RDF, virtually the entire complex of our knowledge can in principle be made available on the Semantic Web as linked data. The semantic relationships made explicit by a FOOL ontology are not those of logical consequence, but they are meaning connections between statements represented as graphs. It is not far-fetched to think that, by devising appropriate measures of the linking patterns between statements, such relations can be mechanized, thus opening the way to new and possibly unforeseen results and applications.
Identification of plasmids from thermophilic Streptomyces strains and development of a gene cloning system for thermophilic Streptomyces species
Authors: Yamada Yuuki , Ikeda Haruo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To develop a host-vector system for use in thermophilic Streptomyces, multi-copy plasmids were screened for thermophilic Streptomyces species using data from public bioresource centers (JCM and NBRC). Of 27 thermophilic Streptomyces strains, 3 harbored plasmids. One plasmid (pSTVU1), derived from S. thermovulgaris NBRC 16615 (= JCM 4520, ATCC 19284, DSM 40444, ISP 5444, NRRL B-12375, and NCIMB 10078), was multi-copy and relatively small in size. Analysis of the sequence of this multi-copy plasmid revealed that it was 7,838 bp and contained at least 10 predicted open reading frames. The plasmid was introduced into 14 thermophilic Streptomyces strains (of 18 strains examined) and several mesophilic Streptomyces strains (S.lividans, S.parvulus, and S.avermitilis). pSTVU1 can be transferred by mixed culture because the plasmid encodes the ORF that regulates the transfer function. Plasmid transfer was observed not only between strains within the same species but also between mesophilic Streptomyces and thermophilic Streptomyces (and vice versa); however, the efficiency of this transfer was extremely low. We also confirmed that a derivative of pSTVU1 can be used as a multi-copy vector in the gene expression system that is expected to exhibit gene-dosage effects, establishing a method for efficient production of thermophilic α-amylase.

One-sentence summary
A multi-copy plasmid was identified in thermophilic Streptomyces and used to develop a gene cloning system for thermophilic Streptomyces species.
Neutrophil swarming is crucial for limiting oral mucosal infection by Candida albicans
Authors: Saraswat Darpan , Rojas Isolde Gina , Kumar Rohitashw , Li Rui , Salvatori Ornella , Irimia Daniel , Edgerton Mira 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Oral mucosal colonization by Candida albicans is benign in healthy people but progresses to deeper infection, known as oropharyngeal candidiasis, that may become disseminated when combined with immunosuppression. Cortisone use and neutropenia are risk factors for invasive mucosal fungal infections; however, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identify in vivo neutrophil functional complexes known as swarms that are crucial for preventing C. albicans epithelial invasion. Anti-Ly6G antibody treatment impaired swarm formation and increased fungal infection depth, confirming the role of neutrophil swarms in limiting C. albicans invasion. Neutrophil swarm function could be disrupted by administration of resolvins, and required BLT1 (leukotriene B4 receptor 1) expression so that administration of a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor reduced neutrophil swarm size permitting C. albicans invasion beyond the basement membrane. Cortisone treatment similarly reduced neutrophil swarming behavior and BLT1 expression and delayed expression of epithelial cytokines and chemokines. Thus, swarm structures have an important function in preventing deep invasion by C. albicans within the oral mucosa and represent a mechanism for increased disease severity under immune deficient clinical settings.
Music Therapy Sessions With Older Adults on YouTube: A Content Analysis for Academic Instruction
Authors: Stull Jennifer Denk , Wilhelm Lindsey Stradt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prior research in music therapy has examined the availability and content of YouTube videos overall and in relation to veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and pediatric medical music therapy. Anecdotally music educators use YouTube videos to provide students with clinical examples of music therapy sessions. It is unclear what clinical video content about music therapy with older adults is available. Therefore, this descriptive study aimed to examine the content of YouTube videos related to the clinical practice of music therapy with older adults for academic instruction. After conducting an initial search for music therapy clinical videos with older adults on YouTube, the authors completed a descriptive analysis of 23 videos that included clinical footage. Videos were analyzed to describe video-specific and therapy-specific content. In addition, the authors completed an exploratory analysis of diversity-specific content. Finally, the authors investigated the presence of American Music Therapy Association’s (AMTA) Competencies in clinical videos from the past 5 years (2018–2022). Results demonstrate varying amounts of video-specific, therapy-specific, and diversity-specific content leading to clinical and educational implications. The authors identify a need for future investigation of the use of videos in teaching by music therapy faculty, as well as student perceptions of music therapy content provided in clinical video clips.
Refining SARS-CoV-2 intra-host variation by leveraging large-scale sequencing data
Authors: Mostefai Fatima , Grenier Jean-Christophe , Poujol Raphaël , Hussin Julie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Understanding viral genome evolution during host infection is crucial for grasping viral diversity and evolution. Analyzing intra-host single nucleotide variants (iSNVs) offers insights into new lineage emergence, which is important for predicting and mitigating future viral threats. Despite next-generation sequencing’s potential, challenges persist, notably sequencing artifacts leading to false iSNVs. We developed a workflow to enhance iSNV detection in large NGS libraries, using over 130 000 SARS-CoV-2 libraries to distinguish mutations from errors. Our approach integrates bioinformatics protocols, stringent quality control, and dimensionality reduction to tackle batch effects and improve mutation detection reliability. Additionally, we pioneer the application of the PHATE visualization approach to genomic data and introduce a methodology that quantifies how related groups of data points are represented within a two-dimensional space, enhancing clustering structure explanation based on genetic similarities. This workflow advances accurate intra-host mutation detection, facilitating a deeper understanding of viral diversity and evolution.
A general kernel machine regression framework using principal component analysis for jointly testing main and interaction effects: Applications to human microbiome studies
Authors: Koh Hyunwook 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The effect of a treatment on a health or disease response can be modified by genetic or microbial variants. It is the matter of interaction effects between genetic or microbial variants and a treatment. To powerfully discover genetic or microbial biomarkers, it is crucial to incorporate such interaction effects in addition to the main effects. However, in the context of kernel machine regression analysis of its kind, existing methods cannot be utilized in a situation, where a kernel is available but its underlying real variants are unknown. To address such limitations, I introduce a general kernel machine regression framework using principal component analysis for jointly testing main and interaction effects. It begins with extracting principal components from an input kernel through the singular value decomposition. Then, it employs the principal components as surrogate variants to construct three endogenous kernels for the main effects, interaction effects, and both of them, respectively. Hence, it works with a kernel as an input without knowing its underlying real variants, and also detects either the main effects, interaction effects, or both of them robustly. I also introduce its omnibus testing extension to multiple input kernels, named OmniK. I demonstrate its use for human microbiome studies.
High Rates of High-risk HPV Anal Infection and Abnormal Cytology in a Cohort of Transgender People Assigned Male at Birth
Authors: Harfouch Omar , Lisco Andrea , Omari Habib , Eyasu Rahwa , Davis Ashley , Zoltick Meredith , Ebah Emade , Cover Amelia , Bijole Phyllis , Silk Rachel , Sternberg David , Liu Tina , Garrett Grace , Jones Miriam , Kier Randy , Masur Henry , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Kattakuzhy Sarah , Rosenthal Elana S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Transgender people assigned male at birth (TG-AMAB) have higher rates of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and anal cancer compared with cisgender populations. In a cohort of TG-AMAB in Washington DC, we determined the prevalence and epidemiological factors associated with anal high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and cytological abnormalities.

Methods
In an urban academic–community clinic, we recruited adults identifying as a gender different than their sex assigned at birth. Participants provided blood samples, anal swabs for HR-HPV and cytology, and completed surveys on sexual behaviors and use of gender-affirming hormones. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of HR-HPV and abnormal cytology.

Results
Of 97 TG, 80 were AMAB, of whom 66% were people with HIV (PWH); 73% tested positive for any anal HR-HPV, and 48% had abnormal cytology. Only 24% recalled HPV immunization. While TG-AMAB PWH had increased risk of HPV16 infection (37% vs 8%; P = .014), the prevalence rates of any HR-HPV (80% vs 62%; P = .097) and abnormal cytology (56% vs 32%; P = .085) were similarly elevated regardless of HIV status. Among TG-AMAB, estradiol use was not associated with increased odds of any HR-HPV or abnormal cytology (all P &gt; .05); however, higher testosterone levels were associated with any HR-HPV (P = .014). Age ≥35 years was associated with abnormal cytology in TG-AMAB (59% vs 34%; P = .035).

Conclusions
TG-AMAB have a high prevalence of any HR-HPV and abnormal cytology, regardless of age, HIV status, or hormone use. Given high risk for anal cancer and low rates of HPV vaccination, there is a pressing need for primary and secondary anal cancer prevention strategies targeting this population.
Integrating energy systems for zero-carbon residential buildings: a case study on design and performance
Authors: Jiao Xuefeng , Wang Jiarui , Xu Zixuan , Han Xiaotian , Wang Jianjun , Xu Daojin , Xu Gang , Li Kaichun , Zhang Jingshan , Jiao Qingtai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Integrating electric technologies such as photovoltaics (PV), energy storage, heat pumps, and electric vehicle (EV) charging systems is pivotal for increasing energy independence and reducing emissions in buildings. This study explores the combination of these technologies through a system in Lianyungang, China, to enhance social and economic benefits. The experimental system was monitored during the heating season 2023–2024. Through system simulations with TRNSYS and optimizations, the system configurations were developed considering peak and off-peak electricity pricing schemes, inverter and battery operation logic, equipment efficiency, and load changes. The results show that the PV system is able to satisfy much of the building’s energy needs, with a self-sufficiency rate exceeding 85%. The most cost-effective setup involves three energy storage batteries (totaling 15 kWh) and 20 PV panels (11 kWp total capacity), reducing the payback period to under five years and providing new insight for cost-effective sustainable energy solutions.
Large herbivores link plant phenology and abundance in Arctic tundra
Authors: Post Eric , Higgins R Conor , Bøving Pernille Sporon , John Christian , Post Mason , Kerby Jeffrey T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Plant phenological dynamics have been well studied in relation to abiotic conditions and climate change, but comparatively poorly studied in relation to herbivory. In contrast, plant abundance dynamics have been well studied in relation to abiotic conditions and herbivory, but poorly studied in relation to phenology. Consequently, the contribution of herbivory to plant phenological dynamics and therefrom to plant abundance dynamics remains obscure. We conducted a 9-year herbivore exclusion experiment to investigate whether herbivory might link plant phenological and abundance dynamics in arctic tundra. From 2009 to 2017, we monitored annual green-up timing and abundance of nine plant taxa, including deciduous shrubs, forbs, and graminoids, on plots that were either grazed or experimentally exclosed from herbivory by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus). In 62% of cases, green-up occurred earlier under herbivory, and in 75% of cases abundance was greater under herbivory, compared to green-up and abundance under herbivore exclusion. Moreover, taxa that responded to herbivory with earlier green-up also had comparatively greater abundance later in the growing season. Conversely, taxa that responded to herbivory with delayed green-up exhibited comparatively lower abundance later in the growing season. Hence, well-documented influences of large herbivores on plant abundance and community composition in arctic tundra may relate, at least to some extent, to influences of herbivory on plant phenology. We recommend that ongoing and future assessments of the contribution of herbivores to plant abundance and community responses to climate change, especially in the Arctic, should also consider impacts of herbivores on plant phenology.
Choroid plexus extracellular vesicle transport of blood-borne insulin-like growth factor 1 to the hippocampus of the immature brain
Authors: Ortenlöf Niklas , Vallius Suvi , Karlsson Helena , Ekström Claes , Kristiansson Amanda , Holmqvist Bo , Pankratova Stanislava , Barton Norman , Ley David , Gram Magnus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Reduced serum level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a major regulator of perinatal development, in extremely preterm infants has been shown to be associated with neurodevelopmental impairment. To clarify the mechanism of IGF-1 transport at the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier of the immature brain, we combined studies of in vivo preterm piglet and rabbit models with an in vitro transwell cell culture model of neonatal primary murine choroid plexus epithelial (ChPE) cells. We identified IGF-1-positive intracellular vesicles in ChPE cells and provided data indicating a directional transport of IGF-1 from the basolateral to the apical media in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exposure of the ChPE cells to human IGF-1 on the basolateral side increased the secretion of IGF-1-positive EVs in the apical media. Mass spectrometry analysis displayed similarities in protein content between EVs derived from preterm piglet CSF-derived and ChPE cell–derived EVs. Furthermore, exposure of ChPE cells to human IGF-1 caused an enrichment of human IGF-1 and transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 2, proteins important for perinatal development, in apical media–derived EVs. Moreover, intraventricular injections of ChPE cell–derived EVs in preterm rabbit pups resulted in an uptake of EVs in the brain, displaying penetration through the ependymal lining and deep into the hippocampus. Finally, exposure of rat hippocampus neurons to ChPE cell–derived EVs resulted in internalization of the EVs in hippocampal soma and neurites. In summary, we describe a transport pathway for blood-borne IGF-1 in EVs through the blood–CSF barrier to the hippocampus in the immature brain.
Sleep is necessary for experience-dependent sequence plasticity in mouse primary visual cortex
Authors: Hosamane Nishitha S , Didouchevski Adam M , Malci Ayse , Gavornik Jeffrey P , Sidorov Michael S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Repeated exposure to familiar visual sequences drives experience-dependent and sequence-specific plasticity in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Prior work demonstrated a critical role for sleep in consolidating a related but mechanistically distinct form of experience-dependent plasticity in V1. Here, we assessed the role of sleep in consolidation of spatiotemporal sequence learning (sequence plasticity) in mouse V1.

Methods
Visually evoked potentials were recorded in awake, head-fixed mice viewing sequences of four visual stimuli. Each sequence was presented 200 times per session, across multiple sessions, to drive plasticity. The effects of sleep consolidation time and sleep deprivation on plasticity were assessed.

Results
Sequence plasticity occurred in V1 following as little as 1 hour of ad libitum sleep and increased with longer periods of sleep. Sleep deprivation blocked sequence plasticity consolidation, which recovered following subsequent sleep.

Conclusions
Sleep is required for the consolidation of sequence plasticity in mouse V1.
In vitro pharmacological evaluation of Methanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera for antifungal and anti-breast cancer activities
Authors: Rasool Shafqat , Rashid Abid , Akram Muhammad , Sierra Francisco Gracia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Medicinal plants remained the primary choice worldwide from several centuries due to many therapeutic effects in the management of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Therefore, exploration of new medicinalplants as a green medicine has the major concern of many research groups. Microbial infections and different types of cancers in human are among the common health problems both in developing as well as in developed countries. Medicinal plants as a source of anti-microbial and anti-cancer agents are still in their initial stage in modern medicine.

Objectives
So current research work was planned to explore the anti-fungal and anticancer potential of Calotropis procera.

Material and Methods
C. procera leaves were collected from local area of Faisalabad, Pakistan, and phytochemical, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer activities were studied following reference methods. In vitro anti-microbial study of methanolic extracts of C. procera leaves against different strains of fungal was performed.

Results
Results showed that plant extract in a dose of 5 mg/mL have significant (P &lt; 0.05) antifungal activity. Moreover, the methanolic leaf extract of C. procera displayed strong anti-cancer activity in breast cancer cells (MCF-7), with a cytotoxic activityat 200 μg/mL comparable to that found for Taxol as standard drug.

Conclusion
Findings of current research work showed that the leaf extracts of C. procera has strong potential as an antibacterial, antifungal and anti-cancer agent. However, characterization and purification of phytochemicals is required to develop drug from natural resources.