bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological assessment of maize ogi cofermented with pigeon pea
Authors: Omemu Adebukunola Mobolaji , Okafor Uchechukwu Ifeoma , Obadina Adewale O. , Bankole Mobolaji O. , Adeyeye Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMaize was cofermented with pigeon pea for ogi production and evaluated for microbiological qualities. White maize and pigeon pea were mixed at ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50, respectively, with 100:0 serving as the control. Mixtures were cofermented for 96 h at 27 ± 2°C, and microbiological and sensory qualities analyzed were carried out using analysis of variance. Values were significant at p ≤ .05. Results showed that there was a gradual decrease in the pH and increase in total titratable acidity (TTA), respectively, during fermentation in all the samples. At the end of fermentation, pH ranged from 3.47 to 4.27 and TTA ranged from 0.47% to 0.54%, respectively. Total heterotrophic count (THPC) ranged from 5.76 to 5.90 log cfu/g; lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from 6.15 to 5.98 log cfu/g; and yeasts from 5.51 to 5.79 log cfu/g. Microorganisms isolated were lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus buchneri, L. casei, L. pentosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida kefyr, C. krusei, C. tropicalis), molds (Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium oxalicum, Mucor racemosus and Rhizopus stolonifer) and other aerobic bacteria (Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter amnigenus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Bacillus subtilis, B. firmus, Corynebacterium kutscheri, C. striatum, and C. afermentans). In conclusion, the total heterotrophic plate count (THPC) in fortified maize: pigeon pea products was very high. This could constitute health hazards to infants as weaning foods. However, the microbial loads could be reduced through heat treatment as ogi is usually boiled or treated with boiled water before consumption and it can therefore be concluded that the fortified maize: pigeon pea products could be used as weaning foods.
Setting the research agenda for induced abortion in Africa and Asia
Authors: Scott Rachel H. , Filippi Veronique , Moore Ann M. , Acharya Rajib , Bankole Akinrinola , Calvert Clara , Church Kathryn , Cresswell Jenny A. , Footman Katharine , Gleason Joanne , Machiyama Kazuyo , Marston Cicely , Mbizvo Mike , Musheke Maurice , Owolabi Onikepe , Palmer Jennifer , Smith Christopher , Storeng Katerini , Yeung Felicia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractProvision of safe abortion is widely recognized as vital to addressing the health and wellbeing of populations. Research on abortion is essential to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Researchers in population health from university, policy, and practitioner contexts working on two multidisciplinary projects on family planning and safe abortion in Africa and Asia were brought together for a workshop to discuss the future research agenda on induced abortion. Research on care‐seeking behavior, supply of abortion care services, and the global and national policy context will help improve access to and experiences of safe abortion services. A number of areas have potential in designing intervention strategies, including clinical innovations, quality improvement mechanisms, community involvement, and task sharing. Research on specific groups, including adolescents and young people, men, populations affected by conflict, marginalized groups, and providers could increase understanding of provision, access to and experiences of induced abortion. Methodological and conceptual advances, for example in the measurement of induced abortion incidence, complications, and client satisfaction, conceptualizations of induced abortion access and care, and methods for follow‐up of patients who have induced abortions, will improve the accuracy of measurements of induced abortion, and add to understanding of women's experiences of induced abortions and abortion care.
The Philippines rolls back advancements in the postabortion care policy
Authors: Upreti Melissa , Jacob Jihan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn 2018, the Philippines announced a postabortion care policy that rolls back crucial safeguards aimed at protecting women who seek medical treatment for postabortion complications from discrimination and abuse. It replaces another policy that was introduced in 2016, following years of advocacy by national and international advocates who were concerned about the mistreatment of women seeking postabortion care due to discriminatory practices in the health system and abortion stigma. The new policy is narrower in scope than the previous policy and reinforces abortion stigma by emphasizing the legal prohibition on abortion, failing to clarify that women seeking postabortion care need not be reported to the authorities, and not recognizing the availability of complaint mechanisms for women who are mistreated. These and other crucial gaps put the new policy at risk of being in violation of ethical standards of medical care and guarantees of human rights.
A New Drainpipe‐Envelope Concept for Subsurface Drainage Systems in Irrigated Agriculture
Authors: Bahçeci Idris , Nacar Abdullah Suat , Topalhasan Lui , Tari Ali Fuat , Ritzema Henk P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOn irrigated lands, drainpipe performance is often below standard due to clogging, siltation and root growth inside the pipe. To tackle these problems, an innovative pipe–envelope concept was tested on a 50 ha pilot area in Harran, Turkey, in 2015 and 2016. The new concept, HYDROLUIS, consists of a corrugated inner pipe with three rows of perforations at the top and an unperforated outer pipe that covers about 2/3 of the inner pipe leaving only the unperforated bottom part of the inner pipe in contact with the soil. The main advantages of the new concept are that it works for a wide range of soil textures and there is better protection against root growth inside the pipe. The new concept was compared with a geotextile envelope, a gravel envelope and a control with no envelope. The HYDROLUIS and gravel envelopes had a significantly lower entrance resistance compared to the geotextile, the best drain performance and no signs of sedimentation nor of root growth inside the pipe. The production costs of the HYDROLUIS envelope are comparable to those of pre‐wrapped synthetic envelopes and considerably lower than gravel envelopes. It can be concluded that the HYDROLUIS envelope is a promising alternative for sand/gravel or synthetic envelopes in irrigated lands. © 2018 The Authors. Irrigation and Drainage published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage
Back Cover: Prolonged in vivo functional assessment of the mouse oviduct using optical coherence tomography through a dorsal imaging window (J. Biophotonics 5/2018)
Authors: Wang Shang , Syed Riana , Grishina Olga A. , Larina Irina V. 
Published: May 2018

Optical coherence tomography through an implanted dorsal imaging window allows for prolonged in vivo structural and functional assessment of the mouse oviduct (Fallopian tube), including threedimensional structural imaging, quantitative measurements of the smooth muscle contraction, and mapping of cilia beat frequency. This method brings new opportunities for live studies and longitudinal analyses of mouse reproductive events in the native context.Further details can be found in the article by Shang Wang et al. (e201700316).
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Lack of Impact by SCY‐078, a First‐in‐Class Oral Fungicidal Glucan Synthase Inhibitor, on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosiglitazone, a Substrate for CYP450 2C8, Supports the Low Risk for Clinically Relevant Metabolic Drug‐Drug Interactions
Authors: Wring Stephen , Murphy Gail , Atiee George , Corr Christy , Hyman Michele , Willett Michael , Angulo David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSCY‐078, the first in a new class of β 1,3‐glucan synthesis inhibitors, is being developed as an oral and intravenous antifungal treatment for Candida and Aspergillus species fungal infections. In vitro, studies indicated SCY‐078 is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 with markedly lower effect over other CYP isozymes. To examine clinically relevant effects of the potential interaction with SCY‐078, this phase 1, open‐label, 2‐period crossover study evaluated the pharmacokinetic parameters of rosiglitazone, a sensitive substrate of CYP2C8 metabolism, in the absence and presence of SCY‐078 dosed to therapeutically relevant SCY‐078 concentration exposure after repeat dosing. Healthy adult subjects were randomized to 2 treatment sequences: a single oral 4‐mg rosiglitazone dose alone on day 1 or a 1250‐mg SCY‐078 loading dose on day 1 followed by a once‐daily 750‐mg SCY‐078 dose for an additional 7 days (reflecting the clinical regimen evaluated during phase 2 studies for infections by Candida species) and concurrent administration of a single oral 4‐mg rosiglitazone dose on day 3, before alternating following a ≥10‐day washout. The exposure to SCY‐078 observed in this study was in line with the intended exposure for treatment of invasive fungal infections. The 90% confidence intervals for rosiglitazone exposure geometric mean ratios were within the prespecified no effect interval of 0.70‐1.43. Additionally, maximum concentration values for rosiglitazone and its metabolite, N‑desmethylrosiglitazone, were not significantly affected by co‐administration with SCY‐078. Overall, rosiglitazone exposure was not impacted to a clinically meaningful extent with co‐administration of therapeutically relevant SCY‐078 concentration exposure after repeat dosing. The results are indicative of low risk for interaction of SCY‐078 with drugs metabolized via the CYP family of enzymes.
Advanced practice radiation therapists: an Australian context
Authors: Hilder Bronwyn , VanDam Pieter , Doherty Kathleen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this scoping review is to examine the literature regarding the development, implementation, scope and extent of Advanced Practice Radiation Therapist (APRT) roles in Australia in peer reviewed journals, government reports, conference proceedings and reports. A search was undertaken of PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL, the ASMIRT website and, and Google Scholar to identify relevant documents. Combinations of keywords with Boolean operators ((advanced practice) OR (advanced practitioner) OR (specialist)) AND ((radiation therapist) OR (radiation therapy)) were used. Online and physical searches were conducted between July 16 and 23 2017. Results were not date limited. The searches retrieved 352 after duplicates were removed with 46 remaining after filtering for eligibility criteria. Items consisted of journal articles, conference abstracts, presentation slides, online presentations, State government and ASMIRT reports. A number of potential and existing APRT roles were found in the identified articles, including image review, stereotactic, treatment review, breast localisation, palliative radiotherapy, brachytherapy, radiation engineering and urology. Despite reports indicating that radiation therapists in Australia have been concerned with professional directions since 2001, there is little evidence of formal progress towards defined APRT roles. Several centres have implemented roles in a number of practice areas. The success of APRT roles lies in the ability to demonstrate that implementation goals have been achieved and that patient care has improved. The literature suggests that this is occurring, however, the presented evidence is not compelling.
Exogenously Added Oxyphytosterols Do Not Affect Macrophage‐Mediated Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Oligschlaeger Yvonne , Houben Tom , Jeurissen Mike L. J. , Bitorina Albert V. , Konings Maurice , Baumgartner Sabine , Plat Jogchum , Shiri‐Sverdlov Ronit 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough phytosterols, plant‐derived sterol‐like components, are well known for their cholesterol‐lowering properties, their atherogenic potential is still under debate. Although they are known to share structural similarities with cholesterol, it is unclear whether their oxidized forms (oxyphytosterols) have the capacity to mediate proinflammatory responses in macrophages. In the present study, bone marrow‐derived macrophages were treated with oxidized low‐density lipoproteins, oxyphytosterols (7keto‐sito/campesterol [7keto‐sit/camp] or 7‐beta‐hydroxy‐sito/campesterol [7βOH‐sit/camp]), nonoxidized phytosterol (β‐sitosterol), or carrier‐control (cyclodextrin) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Inflammatory cytokine release, activity, and the corresponding mRNA expression levels were analyzed. 7βOH‐sit/camp, rather than 7keto‐sit/camp, induced a modest proinflammatory response in wild‐type cells derived from C57Bl/6 mice. The observed mild inflammatory effects are independent of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor and Cluster of differentiation 36/Scavenger receptor‐a. These data suggest that exogenously added oxyphytosterols do not affect macrophage‐mediated inflammatory responses, at least in vitro.
In vivo bone 31P relaxation times and their implications on mineral quantification
Authors: Zhao Xia , Song Hee Kwon , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe intersubject variations in bone phosphorus‐31 (31P) T1 and

, as well as the implications on in vivo 31P MRI‐based bone mineral quantification, were investigated at 3T field strength.MethodsA technique that isolates the bone signal from the composite in vivo 31P spectrum was first evaluated via simulation and experiments ex vivo and subsequently applied to measure the T1 of bone 31P collectively with a spectroscopic saturation recovery sequence in a group of healthy subjects aged 26 to 76 years.

was derived from the bone signal linewidth. The density of bone 31P was derived for all subjects from 31P zero TE images acquired in the same scan session using the measured relaxation times. Test–retest experiments were also performed to evaluate repeatability of this in vivo MRI‐based bone mineral quantification protocol.ResultsThe T1 obtained in vivo using the proposed spectral separation method combined with saturation recovery sequence is 38.4 ± 1.5 s for the subjects studied. Average 31P density found was 6.40 ± 0.58 mol/L (corresponding to 1072 ± 98 mg/cm3 mineral density), in good agreement with an earlier study in specimens from donors of similar age range. Neither the relaxation times (P = 0.18 for T1, P = 0.99 for

) nor 31P density (P = 0.55) were found to correlate with subject age. Average coefficients of variation for the repeat study were 1.5%, 2.6%, and 4.4% for bone 31P T1,

, and density, respectively.ConclusionNeither 31P T1 nor

varies significantly in healthy adults across a 50‐year age range, therefore obviating the need for subject‐specific measurements.
A multicontrast imaging method using steady‐state free precession with alternating RF flip angles
Authors: Kim Joonsoo , Seo Hyunseok , So Seohee , Park HyunWook 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo obtain multicontrast images including fat‐suppressed contrast image, a novel multicontrast imaging method using an SSFP sequence with alternating RF flip angles is proposed.MethodsThe proposed method uses the balanced SSFP sequence with 2 flip angles. In general, the conventional balanced SSFP sequence has its own unique contrast, which combines both FID signal and echo signal under a steady‐state condition. By using alternating RF flip angles and RF phase cycling, various image contrasts weighted by proton density, T1, and T2 can be obtained. The proposed method offers multicontrast images with fat suppression by using the combination of 2 images obtained just after alternating RF pulses, respectively.ResultsAs demonstrated by simulations, phantom and in vivo experiments, the proposed method provides multicontrast knee images including fat‐suppressed contrast images.ConclusionThe proposed method can be a useful tool for clinical diagnosis, such as the cartilage segmentation and the fast screening of lesions.
Psychometric testing of the mental health inventory in an Arabian context: Cross‐cultural validation study
Authors: Al Mutair Abbas , Al Mohaini Mohammed , Fernandez Ritin , Moxham Lorna , Lapkin Samuel , Ham‐Baloyi Wilma ten 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to establish a valid and reliable culturally adapted instrument which can be used in the Arabian context to measure emotional well‐being.DesignThe Mental Health Inventory tool was used to investigate the emotional well‐being of Saudi nursing students. The instrument was originally developed in English and in a western cultural setting. As such, there was a need to translate and validate the instrument in Arabic for use in the Arabian setting.MethodsThe Arabic version MHI 38 (AV‐MHI‐38) was translated, reviewed and revised, then evaluated with a sample of Arabic‐speaking nursing students from Saudi Arabia using cross‐sectional multicentre survey approach. An iterative forward‐backward‐forward sequence of item translation and review by a bilingual and bicultural expert panel was then completed. The psychometric properties of the AV‐MHI‐38 were examined through an exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation among factors and reliability assessment.ResultsThe sample consisted of 252 nursing students from two different universities located in different geographic regions in Saudi Arabia. The mean age was 20.93 years, made up of 230 female and 22 male participants. An a priori two‐factor model showed satisfactory fit with modifications. Results indicated two component AV‐MHI‐38 with 46.09% of the total variance and excellent internal consistency. The AV‐MHI‐38 had good psychometric properties and the two subscales had good internal consistency with Cronbach's and acceptable reliability measures. The AV‐MHI can be used to assess emotional well‐being among Arabic‐speaking populations of nursing students, nurses and other healthcare providers. The instrument can be used to identify the emotional well‐being of students and initiating strategies to support them to decrease their study and work‐related stress, anxiety and depression.
Establishing a model for childhood obesity in adolescent pigs
Authors: Fouhse J. , Yang K. , Li J. , Mills E. , Ju T. , Alvarado C. S. , Chan C. B. , Willing B. P. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveRising worldwide prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases in children has accentuated the importance of developing prevention and management strategies. The objective of this study was to establish a model for childhood obesity using high‐fat feeding of adolescent pigs, as pigs have a longer developmental period and are physiologically more similar to humans than rodents.MethodsCrossbred pigs were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or low‐fat diet (n = 6/treatment) from postnatal day 49 to 84. On postnatal day 84, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed, jugular blood sampled to determine lipopolysaccharide levels and plasma lipids, intestinal digesta collected to characterize microbial and metabolite composition and back fat and intestinal tissue assayed for gene expression.ResultsFive‐week HFD increased weight gain and back fat thickness, caused dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose tolerance and increased expression of genes in back fat suggesting inflammation. HFD pigs had distinct proximal colon microbiota with 48% reduction (P < 0.05) in Bacteroidetes and increased expression of pro‐inflammatory genes interleukin‐18 and tumour necrosis factor in ileum (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that adolescent pigs should be considered a suitable model for childhood obesity, because short‐term HFD feeding is sufficient to induce obesity and glucose intolerance, recapitulating disease characteristics in adolescent pigs.
Characterization of adult obesity in Florida using the OneFlorida clinical research consortium
Authors: Filipp S. L. , Cardel M. , Hall J. , Essner R. Z. , Lemas D. J. , Janicke D. M. , Smith S. R. , Nadglowski J. , Troy Donahoo W. , Cooper‐DeHoff R. M. , Nelson D. R. , Hogan W. R. , Shenkman E. A. , Gurka M. J. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIntroductionWith obesity rates and obesity‐related healthcare costs increasing, policy makers must understand the scope of obesity across populations.ObjectiveThis study sought to characterize adult obesity using electronic health records (EHRs) available from a statewide clinical data research network, the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium, which contains claims and EHR data from over 12 million patients in Florida. The primary aim was to compare EHR‐based Florida obesity rates with those rates obtained from the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).MethodsBody mass index from OneFlorida patient data (2012–2016) was used to characterize obesity among adults 20–79 years old. Obesity rates from both OneFlorida and BRFSS (2013) were reported by demographics and by county.ResultsAmong the 1,344,015 adults in OneFlorida with EHR data and who met inclusion criteria, the obesity rate was 37.1%. Women had higher obesity rates compared with men. Obesity rates varied within racial/ethnic groups, with the highest rate among African–Americans (45.7%). Obesity rates from OneFlorida were consistently higher than those found in BRFSS (overall 27.8%).ConclusionsUtilizing clinical big data available through hospital system and health partner collaborations provides an important view of the extent of obesity. Although these data are available only from healthcare users, they are large in scope, directly measured and are available sooner than commonly used national data sources.
Robust control charts for percentiles based on location‐scale family of distributions
Authors: Chiang J.‐Y. , Lio Y.L. , Ng H.K.T. , Tsai T.‐R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, robust control charts for percentiles based on location‐scale family of distributions are proposed. In the construction of control charts for percentiles, when the underlying distribution of the quality measurement is unknown, we study the problem of discriminating different possible candidate distributions in the location‐scale family of distributions and obtain control charts for percentiles which are insensitive to model mis‐specification. Two approaches, namely, the random data‐driven model selection approach and weighted modeling approach, are used to construct the robust control charts for percentiles in order to effectively monitor the manufacturing process. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed robust control charts for various settings with different percentiles, false‐alarm rates, and sample sizes. These proposed procedures are compared in terms of the average run length. The proposed robust control charts are applied to real data sets for the illustration of robustness and usefulness.