bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The folk metaphysics of love
Authors: Carlsson Ulrika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI argue against the intellectualist view of love according to which we (must) love for reasons so that love is rational. Engaging primarily with the quality appraisal view of love, I concede that qualities can cause love but insist that it is misguided to think of love as having reasons. A number of features of human psychology complicate the issue of how lover relates to beloved's qualities. (a) The lover may be attracted to a quality without appraising that quality reflectively. (b) Personal qualities are not perceived in isolation; rather, our assessment of one quality will affect how we perceive another. In fact, we tend to posit essences in persons, and these guide our interpretation of their other qualities. (c) We do not see persons as bundles of qualities but as unique wholes. This is due to our capacity to fetishize particulars, and it dispels the problem of fungibility. (d) We have a tendency to see meaning in things retrospectively—philosophers have mistaken this sense of meaning for rationality. The philosophical movement to incorporate love into rationality fails to recognize that there is a folk metaphysics built deep into our psyches that does not correspond to the worldview of contemporary philosophers.
Predicting the current and future suitable habitat distributions of the anchovy (Engraulis ringens) using the Maxent model in the coastal areas off central‐northern Chile
Authors: Silva Claudio , Leiva Francisco , Lastra José 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn assessment of climate change impacts on the habitat suitability of fish species is an important tool to improve the understanding and decision‐making needed to reduce potential climate change effects based on the observed relationships of biological responses and environmental conditions. In this study, we use historical (2010–2015) environmental sea surface temperature (SST), upwelling index (UI), chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) and biological (i.e., anchovy adults acoustic presence) data (i.e., Maxent) to determine anchovy habitat suitability in the coastal areas off central‐northern (25°S–32°S) Chile. Using geographic information systems (GIS), the model was forced by changes in regionalized SST, UI and Chl‐a as projected by IPCC models under the RPC (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) emissions scenarios for the simulation period 2015–2050. The model simulates, for all RCP scenarios, negative responses in anchovy presence, reflecting the predicted changes in environmental variables, dominated by a future positive (warming) change in SST and UI, and a decrease in chlorophyll‐a (i.e., phytoplankton biomass). The model predicts negative changes in habitat suitability in coastal areas from north of Taltal (25°S) to south of Caldera (27°45′S) and in Coquimbo littoral zone (29°–30°12′S).The habitat suitability models and climate change predictions identified in this study may provide a scientific basis for the development of management measures for anchovy fisheries in the coastal areas of the South American coast and other parts of the world.
Effect of urbanization on soil methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in subtropical Australia
Authors: van Delden Lona , Rowlings David W. , Scheer Clemens , De Rosa Daniele , Grace Peter R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIncreasing population densities and urban sprawl are causing rapid land use change from natural and agricultural ecosystems into smaller, urban residential properties. However, there is still great uncertainty about the effect that urbanization will have on biogeochemical C and N cycles and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets. We aimed to evaluate how typical urbanization related land use change in subtropical Australia affects soil GHG exchange (N2O and CH4) and the associated global warming potential (GWP). Fluxes were measured from three land uses: native forest, a long‐term pasture, and a turf grass lawn continuously over two years using a high‐resolution automated chamber system. The fertilized turf grass had the highest N2O emissions, dominated by high fluxes >100 g N2O‐N day−1 immediately following establishment though decreased to just 0.6 kg N2O‐N ha−1 in the second year. Only minor fluxes occurred in the forest and pasture, with the high aeration of the sandy topsoil limiting N2O emissions while promoting substantial CH4 uptake. Native forest was consistently the strongest CH4 sink (−2.9 kg CH4‐C ha−1 year−1), while the pasture became a short‐term CH4 source after heavy rainfall when the soil reached saturation. On a two‐year average, land use change from native forest to turf grass increased the non‐CO2 GWP from a net annual GHG sink of −83 CO2‐e ha–1 year−1 to a source of 245 kg CO2‐e ha–1 year−1. This study highlights that urbanization can substantially alter soil GHG exchange by altering plant soil water use and by increasing bulk density and inorganic N availability. However, on well‐drained subtropical soils, the impact of urbanization on inter‐annual non‐CO2 GWP of turf grass was low compared to urbanized ecosystems in temperate climates.
Geo‐text data and data‐driven geospatial semantics
Authors: Hu Yingjie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany datasets nowadays contain links between geographic locations and natural language texts. These links can be geotags, such as geotagged tweets or geotagged Wikipedia pages, in which location coordinates are explicitly attached to texts. These links can also be place mentions, such as those in news articles, travel blogs, or historical archives, in which texts are implicitly connected to the mentioned places. This kind of data is referred to as geo‐text data. The availability of large amounts of geo‐text data brings both challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, it is challenging to automatically process this kind of data due to the unstructured texts and the complex spatial footprints of some places. On the other hand, geo‐text data offers unique research opportunities through the rich information contained in texts and the special links between texts and geography. As a result, geo‐text data facilitates various studies especially those in data‐driven geospatial semantics. This paper discusses geo‐text data and related concepts. With a focus on data‐driven research, this paper systematically reviews a large number of studies that have discovered multiple types of knowledge from geo‐text data. Based on the literature review, a generalized workflow is extracted and key challenges for future work are discussed.
Inequality and regional development in resource economies of advanced capitalist economies
Authors: Martinus Kirsten 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRegional development theories draw on forces of economic convergence or divergence to explain uneven core‐periphery spatial processes of community formation. But there continues to be limited understanding of how different capitalism types shape this, such as in resource economies in advanced capitalist economies where global competitiveness depends on the productivity increases of technological innovation and a specialized flexible workforce. This paper unpacks contemporary understandings of regional development processes, arguing that theories often underestimate the scale of labor commuting, as well as the level to which it is structurally transforming resource economies. It draws on evidence from Western Australia, examining how resource production has shaped the spatiality of economic activities between the Perth metropolitan region and its peripheries. Outlining factor inputs of two broad resource economy types, it offers four dimensions influencing spatial relations of resource economies in advanced capitalist nations which need deeper consideration in regional development models. It concludes that understanding the unique processes driving spatial (dis)advantage within such economies is critical to efficient policy formation, and that not doing so may unwittingly exacerbate spatial inequality.
Utility of a screening tool for haemostatic defects in a multicentre cohort of adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Zia Ayesha , Stanek Joseph , Christian‐Rancy Myra , Ahuja Sanjay P. , Savelli Stephanie , O’Brien Sarah H. 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionHeavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) may be expected for many adolescents after menarche. Accurate assessment of HMB, a key component in the diagnosis of a haemostatic defect (HD), is a well‐recognized challenge.AimOur objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of an HMB‐specific screening tool for HDs in adolescents with HMB, presenting to a secondary care setting.MethodsAdolescents with HMB were evaluated for a HD at 4 US centres. A screening tool, the Philipp Tool, developed and validated in adult women with HMB, was administered. We modified the tool by assigning a score based on the number of affirmative responses. Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios (LRs) of a positive tool, modified tool, with a pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) score >185, and with serum ferritin ≤20 ng/mL were calculated for HDs.ResultsAmong 248 adolescents with HMB, 29% were diagnosed with HDs. Sensitivity, specificity and LR of a positive screening tool for HDs were 95% (range 88‐99), 14% (9‐21) and 1.1 (1‐1.2), respectively. A score of ≥2, addition of a PBAC score >185 and ferritin ≤20 ng/mL changed the sensitivity, specificity and LR of the tool to 72% (61‐81), 94% (83‐99), 76% (65‐85); 60% (53‐68), 24% (16‐34) and 39% (31‐47) and 1.8 (1.4‐2.2), 1.2 (1.1‐1.4) and 1.2 (1‐1.4), respectively.ConclusionAlthough sensitive, the discriminative ability of the tool to identify adolescents with HDs from those without, who presented with HMB, was low. Further research is needed to optimize or develop an adolescent‐specific HMB tool for secondary care settings.
Histone deacetylase 2 is essential for LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in macrophages
Authors: Wu Chenming , Li Ang , Hu Jian , Kang Jiuhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe role of specific histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins in regulating the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory response and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, HDAC2, a class I HDAC family protein, is essential for the LPS‐triggered inflammatory response in macrophages. LPS stimulation increases HDAC2 expression in macrophages. Knockdown of HDAC2 decreases the expression of proinflammatory genes, such as IL‐12, TNF‐α and iNOS following stimulation with LPS. The adoptive transfer of HDAC2 knockdown macrophages attenuates the LPS‐triggered innate inflammatory response in vivo, and these mice are less sensitive to endotoxin shock and Escherichia coli‐induced sepsis. Mechanistically, the c‐Jun protein is the main target of HDAC2‐mediated LPS‐induced production of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, HDAC2 knockdown increases the expression of c‐Jun, which directly binds the promoters of proinflammatory genes and forms nuclear receptor corepressor complexes to inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory genes in macrophages. These effects are rescued by c‐Jun expression. According to the chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, HDAC2 also selectively suppresses c‐Jun expression by directly binding to its promoter and modifying histone acetylation after LPS stimulation. Our findings define a new function and mechanism of the HDAC2/c‐Jun signaling network that regulates the LPS‐induced immune response in macrophages.
How Unpopular Policies are Made: Examples from South Africa, Singapore and Bangladesh
Authors: Palmary Ingrid , de Gruchy Thea , Ashraf ASM Ali , Koh Chiu Yee , Wee Kellynn , Goh Charmian , Yeoh Brenda S.A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this article we contribute to the emerging knowledge on migration policy‐making in two ways. Firstly, we address the relative lack of research on the gendered nature of migration policy‐making. Secondly we contribute to understanding migration policymaking in postcolonial contexts. Based on case studies from Bangladesh, South Africa, and Singapore, we trace the drivers of policy change in these contexts and how the gendered vulnerability of the intended beneficiaries impacted the policy process. We found that there were four main drivers of migration policy‐making in each of the countries. They were: the role‐players in the policy change process, the debates that shaped the policy change, the research involved, and the political context in which the policy change took place. While our research drew on existing policy frameworks, it also showed that policy development is shaped by complex socio‐political conditions.
Cryogenic grinding for better aroma retention and improved quality of Indian spices and herbs: A review
Authors: Saxena S. N. , Barnwal P. , Balasubramanian S. , Yadav D. N. , Lal G. , Singh K. K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpices are very well‐known for their characteristic aroma and peculiar taste from ancient time. Grinding of spices is an old practice using different grinding equipment suited as per prevailing conditions. In modern era, the popularity of quality processed products has increased in spices. Cryogenics has very important role to play in food sector. Liquid nitrogen is the preferred among all available cryogens to obtain desired low temperature in food grinding. Grinding of spices at very low temperature produced superior quality ground powder with better hygiene. In spite of a proven technology it is not being popular in developing countries including India due to high initial investment. Present review article brings together the original work done to realize physico‐mechanical, thermal and grinding characteristics, aroma profile, and medicinally important compounds of selected spices for developing design of low cost cryo‐grinder specifically for spices and its possible commercial application.Practical applicationsCryogenic grinding of spices and herbs not only retain the volatiles with no loss as well as maintain the originality in flavor quality, thus has prospective commercial uses. Enhancement of pharmacological properties opens another important avenue for utilization of this technology for herbal grinding in Ayurveda and other traditional system of medicine. Particle size up to 50 μm may be achieved by cryogenic grinding which in turn will be more effective in medicinal or therapeutic use. Less quantity of herbal drugs will be required if ground cryogenically.
The effect of Guar and Tragacanth gums as edible coatings in Cheddar cheese during ripening
Authors: Pourmolaie Hediyeh , Khosrowshahi Asl Asghar , Ahmadi Mohammad , Zomorodi Shahin , Naghizadeh Raeisi Shahram 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate a Guar/Tragacanth gum‐based edible coating used on Cheddar cheese during ripening for 90 days. Five samples of Cheddar cheese blocks were coated by different coating materials in triplicate as following: C, coated with polyvinyl acetate as control, GC, coated with 1% Guar gum and TG1, TG2, and TG3, coated with 0.75, 1, and 1.25% Tragacanth gum, respectively. All samples were kept at 8 ± 2 °C for 90 days. The results showed that total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts were altered under the effect of edible coating materials (p < .01). The moisture and protein contents of the samples decreased and increased during ripening, respectively (p < .01). pH, acidity, fat in dry matter, tyrosine, and tryptophan contents of samples also significantly affected with edible coatings (p < .01). The free fatty acid composition of samples affected by all edible coatings. Trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen as a percent of total nitrogen, lipolysis, and sensory evaluation of samples were not significantly different (p > .01).Practical applicationsThe coating of Cheddar cheese by edible coatings (Guar/Tragacanth gum) compared to commercial coating (polyvinyl acetate), in addition to easy use and reduction of environmental pollution, improved the qualitative characteristics of this type of cheese. Therefore, these edible coatings can be used as new coatings for packaging of Cheddar cheese.
Randomized trial of the efficacy of intravaginal ulinastatin administration for the prevention of preterm birth in women with a singleton pregnancy and both cervical shortening and inflammation of lower genital tract
Authors: Otsuki Katsufumi , Kawabata Ikuno , Matsuda Yoshio , Nakai Akihito , Shinozuka Norio , Makino Yasuo , Kamei Yoshimasa , Iwashita Mitsutoshi , Okai Takashi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the preventive effect on preterm birth of intravaginal ulinastatin (urinary trypsin inhibitor; UTI) administration during the mid‐trimester in women with singleton pregnancy and both cervical shortening and lower genital infections.MethodsPregnant women with a short cervical length < 25 mm between 16 and 26 weeks of gestation and who had been diagnosed with a lower genital infection were randomly assigned for intravaginal UTI administration or placebo. All of the women were screened for infection or inflammation of the lower genital tract, and women with negative results were excluded.ResultsOf the 92 patients with a short cervical length who were assessed for eligibility for this study, 86 singleton patients were enrolled. All patients were randomized to one of two treatment groups: patients administered UTI (n = 35) and placebo (n = 35). There were no differences between the two groups in the incidence of preterm delivery before 28, 30, 32, 34 and 37 weeks of gestation and in perinatal outcomes.ConclusionFor women diagnosed with a short cervical length < 25 mm) between 16 and 26 weeks of gestation and lower genital infection, who were at risk of preterm birth, administration of transvaginal UTI with vaginal irrigation showed no apparent benefit. Future research on the efficacy of UTI should evaluate modified modes of UTI application.
A behaviour change intervention with lipid‐based nutrient supplements had little impact on young child feeding indicators in rural Kenya
Authors: Byrd Kendra , Dentz Holly N. , Williams Anne , Kiprotich Marion , Pickering Amy J. , Omondi Ronald , Kwena Osborne , Rao Gouthami , Arnold Charles D. , Arnold Benjamin F. , Dewey Kathryn G. , Colford John M. , Null Clair , Stewart Christine P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPoor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are associated with linear growth faltering. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of a nutrition and water and sanitation for health intervention on three IYCF indicators—minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in Kenyan children. Households were randomized into one of eight groups: (a) active control; (b) passive control; (c) water quality (W); (d) sanitation (S); (e) handwashing (H); (f) combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing; (g) nutrition (N); and (h) combined WSH + N. In the N and WSH + N arms, community‐based promoters counselled households on optimal IYCF practices, and small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) were provided to children 6–24 months of age. Twelve months (Year 1) and 24 months (Year 2) after interventions began, enumerators surveyed mothers to ascertain IYCF practices. We made pairwise comparisons of each intervention arm versus the active control arm using log binomial models. In total, 3,652 caretakers were surveyed at Year 1 and 4,987 caretakers at Year 2. Compared with the active control, there were no differences in any of the arms in MDD, MMF, or MAD, aside from an increase in MDD at Year 1 in the nutrition only arm but not in the combined WSH + N arm (N: 68%; WSH + N: 61%; C: 61%; N arm prevalence ratio: 1.13 95% CI [1.01, 1.25]). In this setting, a nutrition behaviour change communication intervention had little impact on IYCF indicators. The provision of SQ‐LNS was not detrimental to current IYCF indicators in the community.
Efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine in pediatric patients undergoing spine surgery
Authors: Cloyd Colleen , Moffett Brady S. , Bernhardt Melanie Brooke , Monico Evelyn M. , Patel Nihar , Hanson Darrell 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundLiposomal bupivacaine may be an option for reducing opioid utilization in pediatric scoliosis surgery. The use of liposomal bupivacaine in this patient population has not been previously described.MethodsPatients who underwent posterior spinal fusion surgery at our institution from 2011‐2016 were identified. We performed a retrospective matched cohort study, matching patients who received intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine by age, gender, and extent of surgery to patients who did not. The primary endpoint was the use of morphine equivalents in the first 72 hours after surgery. Data collection included demographic and surgical data, pain medication utilization, and pain scores. Area under the curve (AUC) for pain scores was calculated. Descriptive statistical methods and univariable analysis were used to compare patients who received liposomal bupivacaine to patients who did not.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐one patients met study criteria; 47 patients who received liposomal bupivacaine were matched to 94 control patients who did not receive liposomal bupivacaine. No significant differences were noted in the patient population with the patients requiring a median of 11 segments (range 10‐13 segments) fused. Patients received a mean of 56.6 ± 37.4 mg/kg of intravenous acetaminophen, a mean of 3.4 ± 2.1 mg/kg of intravenous ketorolac, and 1.9 ± 0.93 mg/kg of morphine equivalents in the first 72 hours after surgery. On univariable analysis, no differences were noted in intravenous acetaminophen use, pain score AUC, intravenous ketorolac use, or morphine equivalents (2.0 ± 98 vs 1.8 ± 0.82) in patients who did not receive liposomal bupivacaine as compared to those patient who did received liposomal bupivacaine.ConclusionLiposomal bupivacaine was not associated with reductions in postoperative opioid use in pediatric spinal surgery.
Determining the extent of the dural sac for the performance of caudal epidural blocks in newborns
Authors: van Schoor Albert‐Neels , Bosman Marius C. , Venter Gerda , Bösenberg Adrian T. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundInformation regarding the position and relationship of vital structures within the caudal canal is important for anesthesiologists who perform a caudal block. This information can be acquired by anatomical dissection, with ultrasound technology, or radiological studies.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the position of the dural sac in neonates by measuring the distance of the termination of the dural sac from the apex of the sacral hiatus in neonatal cadavers.MethodsAfter careful dissection, the distance from the apex of the sacral hiatus to the dural sac was measured in a sample of neonatal cadavers.ResultsIn 39 neonatal cadavers, the mean distance from the apex of the sacral hiatus to the dural sac was 10.45 mm. The range of this distance was between 4.94 and 26.28 mm. The mean distance for females was 9.64 mm (range from 6.66 to 15.09); that for males was 10.90 mm (range between 4.94 and 26.28). Linear regression with the log of this distance as the outcome variable gave an estimated 3.3% increase in the distance for each 1 cm increase in the length of the neonate (95% CI for this proportion was 1.91‐4.71).ConclusionAnesthesiologists should be aware of the short distance between the sacral hiatus and the dural sac when performing caudal blocks, the shortest distance was 4.94 mm. Armed with this knowledge, caudal techniques should be modified to improve the safety and reduce the risk of complications, such as dural puncture.