bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scarred Tympanum
Authors: Alfano Chiara 
Published: March 2018

Philosophy is no stranger to autobiography. Yet, despite the fact that we know, thanks to Augustine and Descartes, to Rousseau and Nietzsche, that autobiography can be philosophically useful, the grounds for autobiography’s philosophical significance still evade us. Good detectives that we are, we rummage for clues, for biographical facts that may throw light on this or the other philosophical conundrum, when we have known all along that life told is more philosophically eloquent than life lived. In all of our attempts to recount our lives — to a loved one, to a therapist, to ourselves — there are incidents that seem almost naturally to take precedent over others. Memory, in this sense, works inconsistently, perhaps prejudicially; its retrospective light illuminating some events, which subsequently become important to us, whilst leaving others in the dark. The term that Freud might have used to describe this phenomenon is Nachträglichkeit, an untranslatable word announcing memory’s deferred action, the fact that some incidents only gain significance retrospectively. Nachträglichkeit in its widest possible sense thus describes the fact that whilst life is lived forwards, it can only be understood backwards. This is also true for Stanley Cavell’s autobiographical writings, in which one childhood event in particular emerges as philosophically decisive.
Seeing Souls
Authors: Techio Jônadas 
Published: March 2018

The so-called “Part I” of Philosophical Investigations contains many claims concerning the grammar of psychological predicates, and particularly about the conditions for ascribing them to others. The following are some of the most well-known (and also most representative) among such claims: (i) “only of a living human being and what resembles (behaves like) a living human being can one say: it has sensations; it sees; is blind; hears; is deaf; is conscious or unconscious”; (ii) “An ‘inner process’ stands in need of outward criteria.” The content of these and other kindred remarks has led a great number of readers to ascribe some kind of “externalistic” account to the author of the Investigations.
Perlocution and the Rights of Desire
Authors: Lindstrom Eric 
Published: March 2018

Friedrich Nietzsche famously and mischievously begins the notorious Second Essay in On The Genealogy of Morals (1887) with an assertion that ties the proper breeding of mankind to the right to make promises. Nietzsche maintains: “[t]o breed an animal with the right to make promises—is this not the paradoxical task that nature has set itself in the case of man? Is this not the real problem which man not only poses but also faces?” Nietzsche’s language challenges its reader from the start to comprehend its various possibilities of mood and mode, rhetoric and grammar: is it a bold statement of authorial values or an ironic insinuation meant to trap the bad conscience of civilized man? More simply, is it a “real” question or a rhetorical statement? The passage loses no time in deploying some of the soldiers in the army of poetical tropes that Nietzsche unmasks as the producers of truth in his equally well-known short piece, “On Truth and Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense” (here prosopopoeia: speaking for nature).Based on this small sampling, already we can sense fully how the “literary” intensity and instability of Nietzsche’s style are embedded in his very conduct of philosophy. The question marks on which the two sentences of this opening salvo end (or sort of end, as there are original ellipses “…”) may not indicate a question has been posed at all for the reader directly to answer. No question, at least, has been posed from the quasi-naïve and open premise that we tend to call a question on equal (epistemological) footing or in (sociable) “good” faith. Not a “real” question from Nietzsche, then; but all the more a real problem. A driving interrogation in fact: in light of what the next sentence calls the “countervailing” and saving “force of forgetfulness,” the conduct of the human will in verbal action becomes “the real problem” we both pose and face as linguistic beings engaged by what Stanley Cavell understands in the term moral perfectionism.
Targeted Delivery of Amantadine-loaded Methacrylate Nanosphere-ligands for the Potential Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Mazibuko Zamanzima , Indermun Sunaina , Govender Mershen , Kumar Pradeep , Du Toit Lisa C , Choonara Yahya E , Modi Girish , Naidoo Dinesh , Pillay Viness 
Published: March 2018

Purpose. This study aimed to develop and analyse poly(DL-lactic acid)-methacrylic acid nanospheres bound to the chelating ligand diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) for the targeted delivery of amantadine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Methods. The nanospheres were prepared by a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique statistically optimized employing a 3-Factor Box-Behnken experimental design. Analysis of the particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity (Pdl), morphology, drug entrapment and drug release kinetics were carried out. Results. The prepared nanospheres were determined to have particle sizes ranging from 68.31 to 113.6 nm (Pdl ≤ 0.5). An initial burst release (50% of amantadine released in 24 hr) was also obtained, followed by a prolonged release phase of amantadine over 72 hr. Successful conjugation of the chelating ligand onto the surface of the optimised nanospheres was thereafter achieved and confirmed by TEM. The synthesized modified nanospheres were spherical in shape, 105.6 nm in size, with a PdI of 0.24 and zeta potential of -28.0 mV. Conjugation efficiency was determined to be 74%. In vitro and ex vivo cell study results confirmed the intracellular uptake of the modified nanospheres by the NSC-34 cell line and the non-cytotoxicity of the synthesized nanospheres. Conclusions. Biocompatible amantadine-loaded nanospheres were successfully designed, characterized and optimized employing the randomized Box-Behnken statistical design. Delivery of amantadine over 72 hrs was achieved, with the nanospheres being of a size capable of internalization by the NSC- 34 cells. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Comparative Study of Performance and Productivity of MVC and MVVM design patterns
Authors: Arcos-Medina Gloria , Menéndez Jorge , Vallejo Javier 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The research compares the patterns for user interfaces Model View Controller (MVC) and Model ViewView Model (MVVM) using .Net technologies for the system development for sales and purchasing management of a company. The inductive method is used to recognize, obtain and measure the results of performance and productivity variables based on the tests of two prototypes created for the MVC and MVVM pattern. For the performance tests we used: performance measurement tools Visual Studio 2012 Ultimate. The obtained results show that MVVM pattern presents better conditions of performance and productivity meeting the 95.1% of its performance levels with respect to the MVC pattern that fulfills the 41.6% of its performance levels in relation to the performance and productivity with a level of significance of 95% and a margin of error of 5%.
Clinical presentation of tuberculosis: a nine-year single-center experience
Authors: Pazarlı Ahmet Cemal , Ekiz Timur , Abakay Mehmet Akif 
Published: March 2018

Objective. The aim of this study was to
determine the clinical presentation of tuberculosis cases from our center for
the last nine years. Methods. This study was set as
descriptive and retrospective. The data was obtained from the hospital records.
Subjects who had been diagnosed as tuberculosis and received treatment in our
center between the years 2007 and 2015 were included. The cases were classified
as newly diagnosed, relapse, transferred, and returning after default. Results.
There were 276 (171 males and 105 females) patients
with a mean age of 41.5 ± 19.2 years. Pulmonary involvement is the most
common presentation and seen in 155 (56.2%) patients. Lymph node and pleura are
the most common extrapulmonary involvements those are seen in 53 (19.2%) and 23
(8.3%) patients, respectively. Number of the cases seems to decreased after
2012. Most (85.1%) of the patients were
newly diagnosed. Among the subjects, 55.2% of them had bacteriologic diagnosis,
35.1% had histopathologic diagnosis. Two subjects died during the treatment
period whereas 274 of them completed the treatment program. Conclusions.
Our results show that tuberculosis is seen mainly in the adult age group. While
pulmonary involvement is the most common presentation, lymph node and pleura
involvements are the most common extrapulmonary presentations. Number of the
tuberculosis seems to decrease for the recent years. Strict preventive measures
and treatment strategies should be administered.
Evaluation of Polish citizens’ level of knowledge of potential side effects
of cosmetics containing UV filters
Authors: Wrześniok Dorota , Sikora Magdalena , Szlachta Martyna , Pikor Natalia , Smolarski Patryk 
Published: March 2018

WstępChemiczne filtry przeciwsłoneczne mogą być jedną z przyczyn podrażnienia i/lub zapalenia skóry oraz występowania fotoalergicznej egzemy. Reakcja alergiczna może przejawiać się pieczeniem, świądem, obrzękiem, wysypką i pęcherzami. Celem pracy jest ocena aktualnego poziomu wiedzy mieszkańców Polski z zakresu znajomości składu kosmetyków przeciwsłonecznych oraz wpływu substancji fotoprotekcyjnych na organizm człowieka.Materiał i metodyBadanie zostało przeprowadzone w lutym 2016 r., na reprezentatywnej grupie dorosłych mieszkańców Polski (N = 125) z wykorzystaniem autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety. Kompleksową analizę statystyczną badanego materiału wykonano za pomocą programu Microsoft Excel 2010.WynikiWykazano, że spośród zapytanych osób prawie 78,4% stosuje kosmetyki przeciwsłoneczne, jednakże na skład kupowanych produktów kosmetycznych zwraca uwagę jedynie 52,8% ankietowanych. Wiedzę na temat niektórych substancji fotoprotekcyjnych wchodzących w skład kosmetyków ochrony przeciwsłonecznej, np. oksybenzonu, ma niespełna 14% badanych. Problemów skórnych wywołanych kosmetykami z filtrem UV doświadczyło aż 12,8%.WnioskiPrzeprowadzone badania wskazują na konieczność dalszej edukacji mieszkańców Polski na temat składu kosmetyków przeciwsłonecznych oraz wpływu substancji fotoprotekcyjnych na organizm człowieka.
Physical activity level and quality of life in menopausal women
Authors: Naworska Beata , Brzęk Anna , Dąbrowska-Galas Magdalena , Drosdzol-Cop Agnieszka , Skrzypulec- Plinta Violetta , Marcisz Czesław , Sodowski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2018

WstępW ostatnich latach znacznie wzrosła świadomość kobiet w różnym wieku na temat zdrowego stylu życia. Okres menopauzy i związane z nim zmiany hormonalne mają wpływ na jakość życia, a odpowiedni poziom aktywności fizycznej może znacząco zmniejszyć negatywne skutki tego okresu. Celem pracy była ocena poziomu aktywności fizycznej kobiet w okresie menopauzy oraz jej wpływu na jakość życia.Materiał i metodyBadania zostały przeprowadzone u 567 kobiet w wieku 50–60 lat, które włączono do 2 grup. Grupa A obejmowała 223 kobiet, uczestniczek Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku, a Grupa B – 334 kobiety, które były pacjentkami oddziałów ginekologicznych i poradni dla kobiet. Poziom aktywności fizycznej został oceniony z użyciem kwestionariusza aktywności fizycznej IPAQ w wersji krótkiej. Do oceny jakości życia badanych kobiet wykorzystano SF-36.WynikiPoziom aktywności fizycznej badanych kobiet określono jako umiarkowany w 52,9% w Grupie A oraz 70,2% w Grupie B. Wysoki poziom aktywności fizycznej odnotowano u 44,8% kobiet z grupy A i w 27,8% z grupy B. Stwierdzono istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy kobietami z Grupy A a kobietami z Grupy B w domenach zsumowanej składowej fizycznej (p < 0,0004) oraz zsumowanej składowej psychicznej (p < 0,0004). Wielkość składowej fizycznej korelowała z wiekiem badanych kobiet. Stan fizyczny, ogólny stan zdrowia i funkcjonowanie w społeczeństwie poprawiały się wraz ze wzrostem poziomu aktywności fizycznej.WnioskiU kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym przeważa umiarkowany pozom aktywności fizycznej. Wysoki poziom tej aktywności koreluje z lepszą jakością życia.
¿Puede el índice de masa corporal pre-gestacional relacionarse con el estado psicológico y físico de la madre durante todo el embarazo?
Authors: Romero-Gonzalez Borja , Caparros-Gonzalez Rafael Arcangel , Strivens Vilchez Helen , Peralta-Ramirez Maria Isabel 
Published: March 2018

Introducción: El IMC pre-gestacional afecta a la salud de la madre durante y después del embarazo, relacionándose con un aumento del riesgo a sufrir diabetes gestacional, pre-eclampsia o muerte fetal. Además, el IMC pre-gestacional elevado aumenta los niveles de ansiedad, estrés y depresión, lo que conlleva al aumento de riesgo de aborto, bajo peso al nacer y prematuridad.Objetivos: Comprobar si existen diferencias en estrés, síntomas psicopatológicos y variables fisiológicas durante el embarazo, entre embarazadas con IMC pre-gestacional normal e IMC pre-gestacional elevado.Métodos: Han participado 156 mujeres embarazadas evaluadas longitudinalmente durante los tres trimestres de embarazo divididas en dos grupos: grupo con IMC pre-gestacional normal (n=115) y grupo con IMC pre-gestacional elevado (n=41). Se midieron niveles de estrés, síntomas psicopatológicos, hipertensión y glucosa.Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos en estrés específico del embarazo y en las sub-escalas del SCL-90-R: depresión, ideación paranoide, y la escala de síntomas generales en el primer trimestre; en el segundo trimestre en estrés específico del embarazo y sub-escalas: somatizaciones, obsesión compulsión, sensibilidad interpersonal, depresión, ansiedad, ideación paranoide y en las escalas generales; y en estrés percibido y las sub-escalas somatizaciones, ansiedad y en la escala SP en el tercer trimestre. También se encontraron diferencias entre ambos grupos en tensión arterial diastólica en el primer trimestre, y en tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica en el tercer trimestre.Conclusiones: El IMC pre-gestacional elevado se relaciona con mayor estrés psicológico y con síntomas psicopatológicos y fisiológicos durante el embarazo.
Ten-Year Trends in Medical Complications Following 540,623 Primary Total Hip Replacements from a National Database
Authors: Partridge Thomas , Jameson Simon , Baker Paul , Deehan David , Mason James , Reed Mike R. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
More than 75,000 total hip replacements were performed in England and Wales in 2014, and this figure is predicted to increase. Trends in mortality and complications following total hip replacement from 2005 to 2014 were evaluated to quantify risk and to identify “at-risk” groups to better inform recommendations for patient care.

Methods:
Our primary analysis estimated 90-day inpatient mortality following total hip replacement using Hospital Episode Statistics data from 2005 to 2014. Secondary analyses explored 30-day rates of lower respiratory tract infection, renal failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep-vein thrombosis, cerebrovascular accident, and Clostridium difficile. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate population averages, adjusting for time and prognostic covariates.

Results:
From January 2005 to July 2014, a total of 540,623 total hip replacements were reported. The 90-day mortality rate dropped steadily, from 0.60% in 2005 to 0.15% in 2014. Reported postoperative complications (with the exception of lower respiratory tract infection and renal failure) reduced year-on-year, despite a steady rise in the average Charlson Comorbidity Index score. The 30-day rate of lower respiratory tract infection and renal failure increased from 0.54% to 0.84% and 0.21% to 1.09%, respectively. The risk of mortality was significantly higher for those who developed a lower respiratory tract infection (odds ratio [OR] = 42.3) or renal failure (OR = 36.5) than for those who developed pulmonary embolism (OR = 10.9) or deep-vein thrombosis (OR = 2.6).

Conclusions:
Despite a population with increasing levels of comorbidity, indicators of quality of care improved from 2005 to 2014, with the exception of the rates of lower respiratory tract infection and renal failure. Postoperative care should focus on reducing the risk of lower respiratory tract infection and renal failure, both of which increased and were strongly associated with mortality. Moreover, they appeared to occur in identifiable high-risk groups; modifications to routine care should be considered for these patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Impact of Specialty on Cases Performed During Hand Surgery Fellowship Training
Authors: Silvestre Jason , Upton Joseph , Chang Benjamin , Steinberg David R. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Hand surgery fellowship programs in the United States are predominately sponsored by departments or divisions of orthopaedic surgery or plastic surgery. This study compares the operative experiences of hand surgery fellows graduating from orthopaedic or plastic surgery hand surgery fellowships.

Methods:
Operative case logs of 3 cohorts of hand surgery fellows graduating during the academic years of 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 were analyzed. The median case volumes were compared by specialty via Mann-Whitney U tests. An arbitrary 1,000% change between the 90th and 10th percentiles of fellows was used as a threshold to highlight case categories with substantial variability.

Results:
In this study, 413 orthopaedic hand surgery fellows (87%) and 62 plastic surgery hand surgery fellows (13%) were included. Plastic surgery fellows reported more cases in the following categories: wound closure with graft; wound reconstruction with flap; vascular repair, reconstruction, replantation, or microvascular; closed treatment of fracture or dislocation; nerve injury; and congenital (p < 0.05). Orthopaedic surgery fellows reported more cases in the following categories: wound irrigation and debridement fasciotomy or wound preparation; hand reconstruction or releases; wrist reconstruction, releases, or arthrodesis; forearm, elbow, or shoulder reconstruction or releases; hand fractures, dislocation, or ligament injury; wrist fractures or dislocations; forearm and proximal fractures or dislocations; miscellaneous insertion or removal of devices; shoulder arthroscopy, elbow arthroscopy, and wrist arthroscopy; decompression of tendon sheath, synovectomy, or ganglions; nerve decompression; Dupuytren; and tumor or osteomyelitis (p < 0.05). Plastic surgery fellows reported substantial variability for 12 case categories (range, 1,024% to 2,880%). Orthopaedic surgery fellows reported substantial variability for 9 case categories (range, 1,110% to 9,700%).

Conclusions:
Orthopaedic and plastic hand surgery fellowships afford disparate operative experiences. Understanding these differences may help to align prospective trainees with future career goals and to guide discussions to better standardize hand surgery training.
Unexpected Long Lower Limb in Patients with Unilateral Hip Dislocation
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Luo Dianzhong , Cheng Hui , Xiao Kai , Zhang Hong 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Several methods are commonly used to predict lower-limb-length discrepancy (LLD) on pelvic radiographs. It is not clear how the lower-limb length of patients with unilateral developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) changes and whether a pelvic radiograph is reliable to predict LLD. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of LLD in patients with unilateral DDH by measuring full-length standing anteroposterior radiographs.

Methods:
The radiographic data of all patients with unilateral DDH who met the inclusion criteria from March 2011 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. These data included femoral length, tibial length, skeletal limb length, and distance from the lesser trochanter to the tibial plafond. We also compared LLD between patients with Hartofilakidis type-II DDH and those with type III.

Results:
Sixty-seven patients (12 male and 55 female) were included. The tibial length, skeletal limb length, and lesser trochanter-tibial plafond distance were significantly greater (p < 0.001, p = 0.040, and p < 0.001, respectively) on the ipsilateral (DDH) side, compared with the contralateral side, in 51 patients (76%), 43 patients (64%), and 52 patients (78%), respectively, with the values on the ipsilateral side exceeding those on the contralateral side by an average of 4.6 mm (range, 0.4 to 17.5 mm), 7.0 mm (range, 0.3 to 21.1 mm), and 10.0 mm (range, 1.1 to 28.8 mm), respectively. The femoral length did not differ significantly between the 2 sides (p = 0.562). There was also no significant difference in LLD, femoral length, tibial length, skeletal limb length, or lesser trochanter-tibial plafond distance between patients with Hartofilakidis type II and those with type III (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Patients with unilateral DDH, regardless of whether the hip dislocation is low or high, may present with LLD derived from both the femur and the tibia. This LLD includes a greater ipsilateral tibial length, skeletal limb length, and lesser trochanter-tibial plafond distance in most patients and an unpredictable femoral length. Using the lesser trochanter on pelvic radiographs to predict LLD is not reliable. The use of full-length standing anteroposterior radiographs for preoperative templating is advisable for this special group of patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.