bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ablated mass of PTFE nozzle due to high‐current SF6 arc exposure: Formulation of ablated mass
Authors: Sato Motohiro , Horinouchi Katsuhiko , Hiza Shuichi , Nakamura Yasunori , Shimizu Yoshinori , Yokomizu Yasunobu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCharacteristics of PTFE ablation due to SF6 arc exposure were studied to predict the ablated mass of PTFE nozzle in high‐voltage circuit breaker. From the measurement of the ablated mass, the predominant factor of the PTFE ablation was revealed as a radiation power of SF6 arc. Subsequently, the radiation power absorbed in PTFE was formulated on the basis of the radiation transfer property and the arc physics. The formulation for the prediction of the PTFE ablated mass was established with the formulated radiation power and the measured masses. Finally, the validity of the PTFE ablated mass prediction was shown from the results of the error verification with the measured masses.
The interplay of modern myths about sexual aggression and moral foundations in the blaming of rape victims
Authors: Milesi Patrizia , Süssenbach Philipp , Bohner Gerd , Megías Jesús L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMoral Foundations Theory proposes five intuition‐based moral concerns: Care and Fairness (“individualizing foundations”) as well as Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity (“binding foundations”). In studies carried out in Italy, Spain, and Germany, the authors examined how these concerns are associated with the acceptance of modern myths about sexual aggression (AMMSA), and how both jointly predict rape victim blaming. Overall, victim blaming was positively predicted by Authority and Sanctity, and negatively predicted by Care and Fairness. Although victim blaming was best predicted by AMMSA, moral concerns also contributed to its prediction, partly independently, partly mediated through AMMSA, and in the case of Sanctity in interaction with AMMSA. Discussion highlights how integrating moral foundations in the investigation of victim blaming and AMMSA across different cultural contexts may deepen our understanding of why, in each cultural context, victim blaming and related beliefs are resistant to change.
Interaction between polymorphisms of the oxytocinergic system genes and emotion perception in inpatients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kucharska Katarzyna , Kot Emilia , Biernacka Katarzyna , Zimowski Janusz , Rogoza Radosław , Rybakowski Filip , Kostecka Barbara , Bednarska‐Makaruk Małgorzata 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe empirical literature describes the role of the oxytocinergic system in emotion perception (EP). Variants in the oxytocin (OXT) and oxytocin receptor genes have been associated with mental disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN), that are characterized by difficulties in socioemotional functioning. Our study aimed to examine whether variability within the genes related to OXT pathways may play a role in facial EP in inpatients with AN.MethodSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the following genes: oxytocin receptor (rs2254298, rs53576), OXT (rs6133010), OXT‐arginine‐vasopressin (rs2740204), CD38 (rs6449197, rs3796863), and human leucyl/cystinylaminopeptidase (rs4869317) were genotyped in 60 AN female inpatients and 60 healthy control females (HCs). Associations between genetic polymorphisms and EP as well as clinical symptoms were examined.ResultsThe AN group showed decreased EP abilities compared with HCs. SNPs of rs2740204, rs6133010, and rs53576 were associated with differences in EP in women with AN and in HCs. The SNP of rs4869317 was associated with the level of eating disorders symptoms in HCs.ConclusionsThe OXT system may be involved in EP difficulties in AN. SNPs within genes related to OXT pathways may influence EP abilities. The leucyl/cystinylaminopeptidase rs4869317 SNP may be involved in the development of eating disorders psychopathology.
Effect of accreditation and certification on the quality management system: Analysis based on Turkish hospitals
Authors: Yıldız Mustafa Said , Öztürk Zekai , Topal Mehmet , Khan M. Mahmud 
Published: August 2019

SummaryEffects of certification and accreditation on hospital quality management systems (QMS) are measured to better understand the value of external recognitions. This study identifies the QMS dimensions that show significant improvements with hospital certification and/or accreditation. Data were collected from 350 Turkish hospitals using a structured questionnaire. Mean scores of nine domains of QMS were used as outcome variables. Although quality policy documents, quality monitoring by board, and training of professionals are the focus of generic QMS, ISO certification did not affect these scores significantly. Formal protocols for infection control scores are affected by hospital size and certification status. Adoption of Ministry of Health's (MOH) infection control initiatives has improved this score for all hospital types. Formal protocols for medication and patient handling, analyzing performance of care processes, and evaluating results improved with accreditation and certification status. Larger hospitals were better able to implement application of protocols, analyzing care process and evaluating results. For improvements in the QMS scores, external assessments are valuable, but quality‐focused governmental regulations appear important for improving QMS of small and medium‐sized hospitals. Higher QMS scores, however, may not lead to improved quality. Future studies should explore the relationship between QMS scores and service quality.
Effect of Initial Soil Water Content on Output Parameters of Sirmod Software Under Types of Different Irrigation Management
Authors: Javadi Ali , Mostafazadeh‐Fard Behrouz , Shayannejad Mohammad , Ebrahimian Hamed 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of the output parameters of SIRMOD software relative to initial soil water content. The treatments consisted of three irrigation water qualities, two types of soil water content management (FC and 30% FC; FC is field capacity) and three irrigation events. The HYDRUS‐1D software was calibrated to simulate infiltration under different initial soil water contents. Subsequently, the infiltration coefficients obtained from the HYDRUS model were used to simulate the border irrigation system under the different border lengths and inflow rates using the SIRMOD software. The results showed that soil was more permeable under FC management than under 30% FC. The sensitivity of the output parameters of the SIRMOD software under FC was more sensitive compared to 30% FC. The high‐ and low‐sensitive treatments were in the FC and 30% FC management with high saline‐sodic water, respectively. Due to the high permeability under FC, in order to increase the irrigation application efficiency and reduce its sensitivity, the inflow rate should be greater while border length has to be less, compared to 30% FC. Sensitivity analysis of the output parameters showed that the advance time and tailwater fraction were identified as the most and least sensitive parameters, respectively. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of calculating sigma metrics by a trueness verification proficiency testing‐based approach and an internal quality control data inter‐laboratory comparison‐based approach
Authors: Li Runqing , Wang Tengjiao , Gong Lijun , Peng Peng , Yang Song , Zhao Haibin , Xiong Pan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionTwo methods were compared for evaluating the sigma metrics of clinical biochemistry tests using two different allowable total error (TEa) specifications.Materials and methodsThe imprecision (CV%) and bias (bias%) of 19 clinical biochemistry analytes were calculated using a trueness verification proficiency testing (TPT)‐based approach and an internal quality control data inter‐laboratory comparison (IQC)‐based approach, respectively. Two sources of total allowable error (TEa), the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA '88) and the People's Republic of China Health Industry Standard (WS/T 403‐2012), were used to calculate the sigma metrics (σCLIA, σWS/T). Sigma metrics were calculated to provide a single value for assessing the quality of each test based on a single concentration level.ResultsFor both approaches, σCLIA > σWS/T in 18 out of 19 assays. For the TPT‐based approach, 16 assays showed σCLIA > 3, and 12 assays showed σWS/T > 3. For the IQC‐based approach, 19 and 16 assays showed σCLIA > 3 and σWS/T > 3, respectively.ConclusionsBoth methods can be used as references for calculating sigma metrics and designing QC schedules in clinical laboratories. Sigma metrics should be evaluated comprehensively by different approaches.
Entrepreneurial intent of engineering and business undergraduate students
Authors: Gilmartin Shannon K. , Thompson Marissa E. , Morton Emily , Jin Qu , Chen Helen L. , Colby Anne , Sheppard Sheri D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, technological innovation and entrepreneurship have been emphasized in engineering education. There is a need to better understand which individual‐ and contextual‐level factors are related to engineering students' entrepreneurial intentions.Purpose/HypothesisThis study explores individual and contextual predictors of entrepreneurial intent among undergraduate women and men in engineering and business majors. Entrepreneurial intent is defined as the personal importance that students ascribe to starting a new business or organization.Design/MethodThe participants included 518 engineering and 471 business undergraduates from 51 U.S. colleges and universities. We examined relationships first by discipline and then by gender in each discipline using regression models with interaction terms.ResultsInnovation orientation and participation in entrepreneurship activities tied to intent more strongly for engineering students than for business students; in contrast, being at a research institution and selection of novel goals tied to intent more strongly for business students than for their engineering peers. Among engineering students only, being able to switch gears and apply alternative means for reaching one's goal in the face of setbacks was positively related with women's entrepreneurial intent but not with men's.ConclusionsEntrepreneurial intent is a function of individual‐level characteristics and academic and social contexts, with some degree of discipline‐specific effects. Diversifying the community of aspiring engineering entrepreneurs is a critical issue that merits attention by the engineering education community.
Change in phospholipid species of retinal layer in traumatic optic neuropathy model
Authors: Hirahara Yukie , Wakabayashi Taketoshi , Koike Taro , Gamo Keizo , Yamada Hisao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInjured optic nerves induce death in almost all retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and cause a loss of axons. To date, we have studied injured RGC axon regeneration by using a traumatic optic nerve injury (TONI) rodent model, and we revealed that axonal regeneration is induced by the graft of an autologous peripheral nerve. The efficient approach to the regeneration of axons thus needs an environmental adjustment of RGC. However, the RGC environment induced by TONI remains unknown. Here, we analyzed female and male C57BL/6 mouse retinal tissue alterations in detail after TONI and focused on the major phospholipid species that are enriched in the whole retina. Reactive astrocyte accumulation, glia scar formation, and demyelination were observed in the injured optic nerve area, while RGC cell death, astrocyte accumulation, and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive Müller cell increases were detected in the retinal layer. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 18:0/20:4 was localized to three nuclear layer structures: the ganglion cell layer (GCL), the inner nuclear layer (INL), and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) in control retina; however, the localization of 18:0/20:4 PI in TONI was disturbed. Meanwhile, phosphatidylserine (PS) 18:0/22:6 showed that the expression was specifically in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) with similar signal intensity in both cases. Other PS species and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were differentially localized in the retinal layer; however, the expressions of PE including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were affected by TONI. These results suggest that not only GCL but also other retinal layers were influenced by TONI.
Relationship Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Short‐Chain Fatty Acid–Producing Bacteria During Critical Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fu Yichun , Moscoso Dagmara I. , Porter Joyce , Krishnareddy Suneeta , Abrams Julian A. , Seres David , Chong David H. , Freedberg Daniel E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDietary fiber increases short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing bacteria yet is often withheld in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study evaluated the safety and effect of fiber in ICU patients with gut microbiome sampling.MethodsThis was a retrospective study nested within a prospective cohort. Adults were included if newly admitted to the ICU and could receive oral nutrition, enteral feedings, or no nutrition. Rectal swabs were performed at admission and 72 hours later. The primary exposure was fiber intake over 72 hours, classified in tertiles and adjusted for energy intake. The primary outcome was the relative abundance (RA) of SCFA producers via 16S RNA sequencing and the tolerability of fiber.ResultsIn 129 patients, median fiber intake was 13.4 g (interquartile range 0–35.4 g) over 72 hours. The high‐fiber group had less abdominal distension (11% high fiber vs 28% no fiber, P < .01) and no increase in diarrhea (15% high fiber vs 13% no fiber, P = .94) or other adverse events. The median RA of SCFA producers after 72 hours was 0.40%, 0.50%, and 1.8% for the no‐, low‐, and high‐fiber groups (P = .05 for trend). After correcting for energy intake, the median RA of SCFA producers was 0.41%, 0.32%, and 2.35% in the no‐, low‐, and high‐corrected‐fiber categories (P < .01). These associations remained significant after adjusting for clinical factors including antibiotics.ConclusionsDuring the 72 hours after ICU admission, fiber was well tolerated, and higher fiber intake was associated with more SCFA‐producers.
Minerals and microstructure identification using Raman instruments: Evaluation of field and laboratory data in preparation for space mission
Authors: Malherbe C. , Hutchinson I. B. , McHugh M. , Lerman H. , Harris L. V. , Ingley R. , Edwards H.M.G. , Parnell J. , Eppe G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo rovers will be launched in 2020 for robotic exploration missions on Mars: the ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars and the NASA Mars 2020 missions. Both missions will include Raman instruments to characterize the habitable of Mars and to search for molecular evidence of past and present life. In preparation for these missions and to characterize the scientific information that will eventually return from Mars, terrestrial analogue samples of rock formations on Mars are studied in detail. During this study, we compared Raman spectra obtained from different samples of geological matrixes, including specimens of silicate, sulfate, carbonates, and sulfurs, with two Raman instruments. Raman data were obtained in the field with a portable instrument operating with a 785‐nm laser. Based on fast data analyses in the field, a selection of samples were collected and were further analyzed using a benchtop confocal instrument operated in the laboratory and with two excitation lasers at 532 and 785 nm. We illustrate the possible interference from sharp fluorescence associated with rare earth element present in trace amount in minerals. In addition, carbonaceous compounds and β‐carotene, a highly Raman‐active biomarker, were also detected by Raman spectroscopy in association with specific minerals. In the context of planetary exploration, we discuss the capacity for specific mineral matrixes to sustain life under extreme conditions. We also discuss that Raman imaging, although not ready yet for space application with miniaturized spectroscopy, could significantly help in discussing the possible biotic origin of carbonaceous residues, especially by the association of molecular signatures with the localized microstructure.
Raman discrimination of garnet inclusions in Siberian diamonds
Authors: Kalugina A.D. , Zedgenizov D.A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe composition of garnet inclusions in natural garnets is exceptionally useful for identification of the chemical and physical properties of mantle lithologies in which they occur. The results of Raman study of garnet inclusions in Siberian diamonds are presented. Most of studied garnets belong to either peridotitic (P type, n = 101) or eclogitic (E type, n = 63), and some rare garnets are websteritic (n = 5). Detected spectroscopic features of garnets in diamonds reveal a wide wave number ranges for rotational R[SiO4], bending ν2, and stretching ν1 modes. The peak positions of the Raman bands correlate with content of major components of garnets. Raman shift of stretching ν1 and bending ν2 vibrations reflects Ca–Mg and Al–Cr isomorphism. The found correlations have been applied for rough estimation of the garnet compositions. This method allows to discriminate E‐type and P‐type garnets marking diamondiferous mantle rocks.
Synergism and Phase Behavior of Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Acetate and Cationic Surfactant‐Mixed Systems
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Zhang Xiaolan , Yang Xiuquan , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSynergism in mixed micelle formation and surface tension reduction efficiency and the ternary phase behavior of anionic surfactant (alcohol polyoxyethylene ether acetate containing 10 ethylene oxide group and a fatty chain of C16–18) with cationic surfactants (dodecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride and lauryltrimethyl ammonium chloride) were investigated. Surface tension of the systems at different molar ratios was studied in detail and the interaction parameters of each system were calculated. The results show that both systems have lower values of critical micelle concentration (CMC) and γcmc than individual surfactants especially at equal ratio between cationic and anionic surfactants. Both systems present synergism in mixed micelle formation and surface tension reduction efficiency. The ternary phase behavior of the two systems was investigated using a polarized microscope. The micellar phase and lamellar phase were observed in both systems and the coexisting phase was only observed in the dodecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride system.
Allergenicity reduction and rheology property of Lactobacillus‐fermented soymilk
Authors: Xia Jiaheng , Zu Qinqin , Yang Anshu , Wu Zhihua , Li Xin , Tong Ping , Yuan Juanli , Wu Yong , Fan Qingsheng , Chen Hongbing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to investigate the reduction in the potential allergenicity of soymilk, and its rheological properties, after fermentation with Lactobacillus. Soymilk (SM) was fermented with Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus sp. The molecular weight of fermented soymilk (FSM) was characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and the potential allergenicity of FSM was analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in vitro and the BALB/c mouse model to detect changes in histamine, mouse mast cell protease‐1 (mMCP‐1), allergen‐specific IgG/IgE, and cytokine levels and histomorphology of jejunum in vivo.RESULTSThe SDS‐PAGE and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that allergens of soybean (β‐conglycinin and acidic subunit of glycinin) were almost degraded, and their immunoreactivity was decreased. In the BALB/c mouse model, the FSM group did not show anaphylactic shock symptoms compared with the SM group. Moreover, a tendency toward decreased serum allergen‐specific IgG/IgE levels, plasma histamine levels, and mMCP‐1 concentrations was observed in the FSM group. Furthermore, Th2‐related cytokines were decreased, while IFN‐γ production increased in spleen cell cultures. The intestinal villus was slightly damaged after the challenge. All these findings indicated that the Th1/Th2 balance in the FSM group shifted toward a Th1 response, ultimately reducing the potential allergenicity of FSM. Rheological assessment suggested that FSM has good viscous and pseudoplastic properties.CONCLUSIONFermentation might be a promising method for producing tasty, hypoallergenic soybean products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Biased measurements by stationary turbidity‐fluorescence instruments due to phototactic zooplankton behavior
Authors: Tanaka Mamoru , Genin Amatzia , Lopes Rubens M. , Strickler J. Rudi , Yamazaki Hidekatsu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSubmersible fluorescence and turbidity sensors are widely used in studies of oceans and lakes. To reduce the instrument size, an overlapping interrogation volume is commonly used for the two sensors. Fluorescence sensors emit blue light for excitation and measure the red light emitted by excited chlorophyll pigments. However, during the night, many phototactic zooplankters are attracted to the blue light. If the instrument is fixed in place (e.g., on a mooring), the aggregation of the attracted animals may bias both the fluorescence and turbidity readings. To examine this potential bias, we carried out experiments with natural assemblages of zooplankton and Artemia nauplii in tanks equipped with a commercially available fluorescence‐turbidity sensor. Our findings indicate that zooplankters were attracted by the blue light emitted from a fluorometer during the dark, biasing the reading of both sensors. The bias in fluorescence was likely due to phytoplankton in the guts of the aggregated zooplankton. The induction of turbulence in the tank greatly reduced the bias, likely due to the inability of the zooplankton to counteract the resulting flow and swim toward the light. Field observations carried out with a similar instrument in a coastal station off Japan were consistent with the laboratory experiments. Our findings indicate a need to redesign coupled fluorescence‐turbidity sensors and to reevaluate the results of past studies where they had been used with stationary observing systems.
Rigidity‐Dependent Placental Cells Uptake of Silk‐Based Microcapsules
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Tang Hongbo , Huang Xiaoli , Li Min , Jiang Ziwen , He Haibo , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolymeric microcapsules have begun to attract significant interest in biomedical fields. As the interactions between cells and materials are influenced by both cell type and elasticity, silk‐based microcapsules are synthesized with desirable mechanical features using layer‐by‐layer assembly and then the uptake of these microcapsules by BeWo b30 placental cells is investigated. Cellular uptake is enhanced with increasing of elastic modulus of the silk‐based microcapsules. More importantly, the distinct microvilli of these cells behaves in a diverse manner when exposed to microcapsules with different mechanical features, including grabbing (rigidity) or random touching (soft) behavior; these factors affect the final uptake. Inspired by oocyte pickup, the grabbing behavior of the microvilli may provide valuable information with which to elucidate the specific characteristics of uptake between cells and man‐made particles, particularly in the reproductive system.