bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart Rate Variability Predicts Older Adults’ Avoidance of Negativity
Authors: Mantantzis Konstantinos , Schlaghecken Friederike , Maylor Elizabeth A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The ability to produce situation-appropriate cognitive and emotional responses is dependent on autonomic nervous system (ANS) functionality. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an index of ANS functionality, and resting HRV levels have been associated with cognitive control and inhibitory capacity in young adults, particularly when faced with emotional information. As older adults’ greater preference for positive and avoidance of negative stimuli (positivity effect) is thought to be dependent on cognitive control, we hypothesized that HRV could predict positivity-effect magnitude in older adults.

Method
We measured resting-level HRV and gaze preference for happy and angry (relative to neutral) faces in 63 young and 62 older adults.

Results
Whereas young adults showed no consistent preference for happy or angry faces, older adults showed the expected positivity effect, which predominantly manifested as negativity avoidance rather than positivity preference. Crucially, older but not young adults showed an association between HRV and gaze preference, with higher levels of HRV being specifically associated with stronger negativity avoidance.

Discussion
This is the first study to demonstrate a link between older adults’ ANS functionality and their avoidance of negative information. Increasing the efficiency of the cardiovascular system might selectively improve older adults’ ability to disregard negative influences.
When Can Exemplars Shape White Racial Attitudes? Evidence from the 2012 U.S. Presidential Campaign
Authors: Goldman Seth K , Hopkins Daniel J 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Prior research finds that exposure to outgroup exemplars reduces prejudice, but it has focused on most-likely cases. We examine whether salient outgroup exemplars can reduce prejudice under more challenging conditions, such as when they are counter-stereotypical but not well-liked, and the audience is heterogeneous and holds strong priors. Specifically, we assess the impact of the Obama exemplar under the less auspicious conditions of the 2012 U.S. presidential campaign. Using panel data, we find that racial prejudice declined during the campaign, especially among Whites with the most exposure to Obama through political television. Liking Obama proved irrelevant to these effects, as did partisanship. Racial prejudice increased slightly after the campaign ended, but the effects remained largely intact weeks later.
Healthcare data scientist qualifications, skills, and job focus: a content analysis of job postings
Authors: Meyer Melanie A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
Growth in big data and its potential impact on the healthcare industry have driven the need for more data scientists. In health care, big data can be used to improve care quality, increase efficiency, lower costs, and drive innovation. Given the importance of data scientists to U.S. healthcare organizations, I examine the qualifications and skills these organizations require for data scientist positions and the specific focus of their work.

Materials and Methods
A content analysis of U.S. healthcare data scientist job postings was conducted using an inductive approach to capture and categorize core information about each posting and a deductive approach to evaluate skills required. Profiles were generated for 4 job focus areas.

Results
There is a spectrum of healthcare data scientist positions that varies based on hiring organization type, job level, and job focus area. The focus of these positions ranged from performance improvement to innovation and product development with some positions more broadly defined to address organizational-specific needs. Based on the job posting sample, the primary skills these organizations required were statistics, R, machine learning, storytelling, and Python.

Conclusions
These results may be useful to organizations as they deepen our understanding of the qualifications and skills required for data scientist positions and may aid organizations in identifying skills and knowledge areas that have been overlooked in position postings.
An Observational Study of Deep Learning and Automated Evaluation of Cervical Images for Cancer Screening
Authors: Hu Liming , Bell David , Antani Sameer , Xue Zhiyun , Yu Kai , Horning Matthew P , Gachuhi Noni , Wilson Benjamin , Jaiswal Mayoore S , Befano Brian , Long L Rodney , Herrero Rolando , Einstein Mark H , Burk Robert D , Demarco Maria , Gage Julia C , Rodriguez Ana Cecilia , Wentzensen Nicolas , Schiffman Mark 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical screening are lacking in most lower resource settings, where approximately 80% of more than 500 000 cancer cases occur annually. Visual inspection of the cervix following acetic acid application is practical but not reproducible or accurate. The objective of this study was to develop a “deep learning”-based visual evaluation algorithm that automatically recognizes cervical precancer/cancer.

Methods
A population-based longitudinal cohort of 9406 women ages 18–94 years in Guanacaste, Costa Rica was followed for 7 years (1993–2000), incorporating multiple cervical screening methods and histopathologic confirmation of precancers. Tumor registry linkage identified cancers up to 18 years. Archived, digitized cervical images from screening, taken with a fixed-focus camera (“cervicography”), were used for training/validation of the deep learning-based algorithm. The resultant image prediction score (0–1) could be categorized to balance sensitivity and specificity for detection of precancer/cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
Automated visual evaluation of enrollment cervigrams identified cumulative precancer/cancer cases with greater accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89 to 0.93) than original cervigram interpretation (AUC = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.74; P < .001) or conventional cytology (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.65 to 0.77; P < .001). A single visual screening round restricted to women at the prime screening ages of 25–49 years could identify 127 (55.7%) of 228 precancers (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3/adenocarcinoma in situ [AIS]) diagnosed cumulatively in the entire adult population (ages 18–94 years) while referring 11.0% for management.

Conclusions
The results support consideration of automated visual evaluation of cervical images from contemporary digital cameras. If achieved, this might permit dissemination of effective point-of-care cervical screening.
Association of the Insulinemic Potential of Diet and Lifestyle With Risk of Digestive System Cancers in Men and Women
Authors: Wang Weike , Fung Teresa T , Wang Molin , Smith-Warner Stephanie A , Giovannucci Edward L , Tabung Fred K 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
We examined the role of the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle in the development of cancers of the digestive system, using two plasma C-peptide-based indices: the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH).

Methods
We used Cox regression to analyze data on 45 816 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986–2012) and 74 191 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1984–2012) to examine associations between EDIH and ELIH scores and digestive system cancers. We computed the diet-only score (EDIH) from food-frequency questionnaires administered every 4 years. The lifestyle score (ELIH) included diet, body mass index, and physical activity. Outcomes included incident cancer of the digestive system (mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colorectum) and its accessory organs (pancreas, gallbladder, and liver). P values were two-sided.

Results
We found direct associations between higher insulinemic potential of diet or lifestyle and risk of developing digestive system cancers in both men and women. The pooled multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) for participants comparing the highest to lowest EDIH quintile were: HR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15 to 1.40, Ptrend < .001 for digestive system cancers; HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.45, Ptrend < .001 for digestive tract cancers (excluding accessory organs); and HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.41, Ptrend = .48 for digestive accessory organ cancers. The same associations were stronger with the lifestyle score: HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.23 to 1.76, Ptrend < .001 for digestive system cancers; HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.95, Ptrend = .001 for digestive tract cancers; and HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.73, Ptrend < .001 for digestive accessory organ cancers.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that interventions to reduce the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle may be a means of preventing digestive system cancer.
Abundant Z-cyanomethanimine in the interstellar medium: paving the way to the synthesis of adenine
Authors: Rivilla V M , Martín-Pintado J , Jiménez-Serra I , Zeng S , Martín S , Armijos-Abendaño J , Requena-Torres M A , Aladro R , Riquelme D 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
We report the first detection in the interstellar medium (ISM) of the Z-isomer of cyanomethanimine (HNCHCN), an HCN dimer proposed as precursor of adenine. We identified six transitions of Z-cyanomethanimine, along with five transitions of E-cyanomethanimine, using IRAM 30m observations towards the Galactic Centre quiescent molecular cloud G + 0.693. The Z-isomer has a column density of (2.0 ± 0.6) × 1014 cm−2 and an abundance of 1.5 × 10−9. The relative abundance ratio between the isomers is [Z/E]∼6. This value cannot be explained by the two chemical formation routes previously proposed (gas phase and grain surface), which predicts abundances ratios between 0.9 and 1.5. The observed [Z/E] ratio is in good agreement with thermodynamic equilibrium at the gas kinetic temperature (130−210 K). Since isomerization is not possible in the ISM, the two species may be formed at high temperature. New chemical models, including surface chemistry on dust grains and gas-phase reactions, should be explored to explain our findings. Whatever the formation mechanism, the high abundance of Z-HNCHCN shows that precursors of adenine are efficiently formed in the ISM.
Diverging trends of wage inequality in Europe
Authors: Pereira João M R , Galego Aurora 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Since the middle/end of the 2000s wage inequality has increased in some European countries (such as Portugal or the UK) and decreased in others (especially in Hungary and Poland). In this article, we analyse the role of the minimum wage and of workers’ and firms’ observed characteristics behind these diverging trends in wage inequality. Our findings indicate that compositional changes as regards education are a key factor pushing up inequality in the majority of the countries, but particularly in Italy and Portugal. Other factors either contribute to increased or decreased inequality, specifically minimum wage changes, the percentage of non-native employees and native wage premiums. Minimum wage changes seem to be of crucial importance in Greece, Hungary and Poland. Finally, the presence of non-natives in the labour market is a key determinant in the UK, but also to some extent in Austria and Hungary.
Expected Practice as a Novel Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention
Authors: Yadav Kabir , Masuda Eriko , Minejima Emi , Spellberg Brad 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
“Expected practice” is a recently described method to alter clinical behavior. We implemented an expected practice around short-course antibiotic therapy, which was associated with decreased antibiotic utilization for multiple bacterial infections. Thus, we describe this expected practice as a novel, simple, and inexpensive tool to enhance antibiotic stewardship.
Practice variation in the management of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Jetty Radha , Harrison Mary-Ann , Momoli Franco , Pound Catherine 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To describe variations in the monitoring, treatment, and discharge of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis among physicians across Canadian paediatric teaching hospitals.

Methods
We conducted an electronic survey of paediatricians with experience in the management of inpatient bronchiolitis at 20 Canadian paediatric teaching hospitals. Only physicians who worked a minimum of 6 weeks on their hospital inpatient unit in the 2015 calendar year were eligible to participate in the study. The questionnaire explored the monitoring, treatment, and discharge of children with bronchiolitis. Central tendency (mean) and dispersion (SD) statistics were produced for continuous variables and frequency distributions for categorical variables.

Results
A total of 142 respondents were included in the analysis. 45.1% reported the routine use of continuous oxygen saturation monitoring. 27.5% used a higher cut-off for oxygen supplementation of 92% and 12.7% use a lower cut-off of 88%. 29.6% routinely used deep nasal suctioning. Seventy-three per cent reported using nebulized therapies. 55.6% reported having preprinted order sheets or guidelines for management of inpatient bronchiolitis at their institutions and 28.2% reported having specific discharge criteria. The length of time required to be off oxygen prior to discharge varied (31% at 12 hours, 27.5% at 24 hours, and 24.6% after the last sleep period without oxygen).

Conclusion
There is significant practice variation in the monitoring, treatment, and discharge of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis within and between Canadian paediatric teaching hospitals. Future research is needed to establish best practices, effective knowledge translation, and implementation strategies to standardize care and decrease length of stay.
Office-Based Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disease: A Systematic Review of Recent Human Studies
Authors: Law Luke , Hunt Christine L , van Wijnen Andre J , Nassr Ahmad , Larson A Noelle , Eldrige Jason S , Mauck William D , Pingree Mathew J , Yang Juan , Muir Casey W , Erwin Patricia J , Bydon Mohamad , Qu Wenchun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical applications for the treatment of musculoskeletal disease is steadily increasing in office-based practice. The so-called “first generation” of MSCs is defined as autologous stem cells that have undergone minimal manipulation and are used for a homologous purpose. Systematic reviews of the clinical trials completed to date of such MSCs enable practitioners to better understand what is currently known about the outcomes and side effects of such treatments.

Study Design
A systematic review of human clinical studies of office-based MSC therapy for the treatment of painful degenerative musculoskeletal conditions.

Methods
A search of the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases was conducted from 2006 through September 2016. Seven hundred sixty-one records were identified from database searching, and two records from reference review of included papers. Studies with human subjects that evaluated treatment of musculoskeletal disease with minimally manipulated MSCs were included.

Results
Eight studies were included in this review based on selection criteria. A total of 941 patients were included, 841 of whom received cellular products, and no significant adverse events were reported. Symptomatology generally improved, though no differences were seen over controls where present.

Conclusion
Support in the literature is strongest for the use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) injections for the treatment of knee pain, but applications of the use of BMAC and peripheral blood–derived MSCs for the treatment of hip pain, tendon pain, and disc pain have all been reported. Further research is required, with large randomized controlled trials.
Educational expectations in the great recession: has the impact of family background become stronger?
Authors: Salazar Leire , Cebolla-Boado Héctor , Radl Jonas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article addresses the impact of economic climate, and particularly of the Great Recession, on the configuration of educational expectations among students around 14 years old. We analyze expectations regarding educational attainment conditional on school performance and compare our results across countries with varying levels of economic growth over time. We expect a changing economic environment to impact on (a) the average level of educational expectations, (b) the association between social background and expectations, and (c) the association between school grades and expectations. Using pooled data from TIMSS for the years 2003, 2007 and 2011 among 8th graders for 24 developed countries, we estimate a set of country-fixed effects and hierarchical random-slope linear regression models. Most notably, our results indicate that economic down times depress educational expectations, especially among average-performing students, and lead to a growth in educational inequalities by family background.
Mother-in-Law Reports of Closeness to Daughter-in-Law: The Determinant Triangle with the Son and Husband
Authors: Woolley Michael E , Greif Geoffrey L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
For a mother-in-law (MIL) and daughter-in-law (DIL), the benefits of maintaining a close relationship weave through other central family relationships. Those relationship triangles start with one’s son, who is the other’s husband, and echo through the raising of any grandchildren from the marriage. The current study examined the factors that related to MIL reports of having a close relationship with her DIL. Using survey data gathered from 267 MILs authors report on a regression model that included six factors that predicted closeness. Within the MIL relationship, the MIL reporting that the DIL was helpful and had similar interests to her predicted a close relationship. When the MIL reported being close to her son and the son being happy with the relationship she had with the DIL, this predicted a closer relationship between the MIL and DIL. The MIL feeling left out within the relationship triangle with the son and DIL was associated with less closeness. Closeness was increased when the MIL reported more time spent per month with the DIL. The article concludes with a discussion of research and practice implications.
Feasibility of implementing mobile technology-delivered mental health treatment in routine adult sickle cell disease care
Authors: Jonassaint Charles R , Kang Chaeryon , Prussien Kemar V , Yarboi Janet , Sanger Maureen S , Wilson J Deanna , De Castro Laura , Shah Nirmish , Sarkar Urmimala 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe hemoglobinopathy characterized by acute and chronic pain. Sufferers of the disease, most of whom are underrepresented minorities, are at increased risk for mental health disorders. The purpose of this study is to test the acceptability and implementation of a computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) intervention, Beating the Blues, to improve depression, anxiety, and pain in patients with SCD. Adults with SCD and significant symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] score ≥ 10) or anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale [GAD-7] score ≥ 10) were eligible to participate and be randomized to either receive eight sessions of cCBT with care coach support or treatment as usual. Participants reported daily pain and mood symptoms using a mobile diary app. Depression, anxiety, and pain symptoms were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months. Thirty patients were enrolled: 18 to cCBT, and 12 to control. The cCBT intervention was feasible to implement in clinical settings and acceptable to participants. Patients in the cCBT arm reported a marginally greater decrease in depression at 6 months (−3.82, SE = 1.30) than those in the control group (−0.50, SE = 1.60; p = .06). There were no significant effects of treatment on anxiety; however, cCBT was associated with improved daily pain reported via a mobile diary app (p = .014). cCBT, delivered via mobile device, is a feasible strategy to provide mental health care to adults living with SCD. cCBT was acceptable to the target population; was able to be implemented in real-world, nonideal conditions; and has the potential to improve patient-reported outcomes.
Do all roads lead to Rome? Exploring community trajectories in response to anthropogenic salinization and dilution of rivers
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cánovas Cayetano , Sánchez-Fernández David , Cañedo-Argüelles Miguel , Millán Andrés , Velasco Josefa , Acosta Raúl , Fortuño Pau , Otero Neus , Soler Albert , Bonada Núria 
Published: December 2018

Abiotic stress shapes how communities assemble and support ecological functions. However, it remains unclear whether artificially increasing or decreasing stress levels would lead to communities assembling predictably along a single axis of variation or along multiple context-dependent trajectories of change. In response to stress intensity alterations, we hypothesize that a single trajectory of change occurs when trait-based assembly prevails, while multiple trajectories of change arise when dispersal-related processes modify colonization and trait-filtering dynamics. Here, we tested these hypotheses using aquatic macroinvertebrates from rivers exposed to gradients of natural salinity and artificially diluted or salinized ion contents. Our results showed that trait-filtering was important in driving community assembly in natural and diluted rivers, while dispersal-related processes seemed to play a relevant role in response to salinization. Salinized rivers showed novel communities with different trait composition, while natural and diluted communities exhibited similar taxonomic and trait compositional patterns along the conductivity gradient. Our findings suggest that the artificial modification of chemical stressors can result in different biological communities, depending on the direction of the change (salinization or dilution), with trait-filtering, and organism dispersal and colonization dynamics having differential roles in community assembly. The approach presented here provides both empirical and conceptual insights that can help in anticipating the ecological effects of global change, especially for those stressors with both natural and anthropogenic origins.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.
Salinity impacts on river ecosystem processes: a critical mini-review
Authors: Berger Elisabeth , Frör Oliver , Schäfer Ralf B. 
Published: December 2018

In many dry parts of the world, salinization of water resources threatens freshwater biodiversity and the livelihood of people. However, ecological impact studies remain scarce. Here, we review field-observations of salinity impacts on ecosystem processes such as leaf decomposition, metabolism, biomass production and nutrient cycling, with a special emphasis on dryland ecosystems. In addition, we discuss the potential linkages of these processes to ecosystem service delivery—the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems—as additional nature conservation arguments and the challenges associated with this endeavour.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.