bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of halloysite and kaolinite into beidellite under hydrothermal condition
Authors: He Hongping , Ji Shichao , Tao Qi , Zhu Jianxi , Chen Tianhu , Liang Xiaoliang , Li Zhaohui , Dong Hailiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding clay mineral transformation is of fundamental importance to unraveling geological and environmental processes and to better understanding the unique structure and property of phyllosilicates. To date, two pathways have been identified, i.e., the transformation among 2:1 type clay minerals (e.g., illitization of smectite) and from 2:1 type to 1:1 type (e.g., kaolinization of smectite). However, the transformation of 1:1 to 2:1 type is less commonly observed. In this study, hydrothermal experiments were conducted to investigate the possibility of the transformation of 1:1 type clay minerals (i.e., halloysite and kaolinite) into 2:1 ones (i.e., beidellite). The obtained products were characterized by XRD, TG, FTIR, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR, and HRTEM. XRD patterns of the hydrothermal products display characteristic basal spacing of smectite group minerals at 1.2–1.3 nm with dramatic decrease/disappearance of the (001) reflection of halloysite and kaolinite. This is consistent with HRTEM observations, in which clay layers with a thickness of 1.2–1.4 nm are observed in all hydrothermal products and the Si/Al ratio determined by EDS analysis is close to that of beidellite. The basal spacing increases to ~1.70 nm upon ethylene glycolation, displaying swelling ability of the resultant minerals. The consumption of surface OH in precursor minerals during the transformation leads to a dramatic decrease of mass loss of dehydroxylation and merging of the well resolved OH stretching vibrations in precursor minerals into one at ca. 3667 cm−1, which is indicative of beidellite. These results demonstrate that both halloysite and kaolinite can be converted to 2:1 beidellite under hydrothermal condition, and the transformation of halloysite is easier than that of kaolinite. Such transformation of 1:1 clay minerals to 2:1 ones could be a new pathway for the transformation of clay minerals in nature. Meanwhile, the substitution of Al3+ for Si4+ is found in all newly formed beidellite, suggesting the chemical composition of the newly formed Si-O tetrahedral sheet is different from the one inherited from the precursor clay minerals. This can well explain the formation of “polar layer” in mixed-layer phyllosilicates. These findings are of high importance for better understanding the transformation among clay minerals and unique structure of mixed-layer phyllosilicates.
Fabrication of novel particle electrode γ-Al2O3@ZIF-8 and its application for degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Zhang Liguo , Ma Caixia , Liu Lei , Pan Jingshi , Wang Qilin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Due to the high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8, a secondary crystallization method was used to prepare a particle electrode of γ-Al2O3@ZIF-8. According to the results from a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the particle electrode of γ-Al2O3 was successfully loaded with ZIF-8, and the BET surface area (1,433 m2/g) of ZIF-8 was over ten times that of γ-Al2O3. The key operation parameters of cell voltage, pH, initial RhB concentration and electrolyte concentration were all optimized. The observed rate constant (kobs) of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model for the electrocatalytic oxidation (ECO) system with the particle electrode of γ-Al2O3@ZIF-8 (15.2 × 10−2 min−1) was over five times higher than that of the system with the traditional particle electrode of γ-Al2O3 (2.6 × 10−2 min−1). The loading of ZIF-8 on the surface of γ-Al2O3 played an important role in improving electrocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), and the RhB removal efficiency of the three-dimensional (3D) electrocatalytic system with the particle electrode of γ-Al2O3@ZIF-8 was 93.5% in 15 min, compared with 27.5% in 15 min for the particle electrode of γ-Al2O3. The RhB removal efficiency was kept over 85% after five cycles of reuse for the 3D electrocatalytic system with the particle electrode of γ-Al2O3@ZIF-8.
Removal of cyanide in aqueous solution by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by copper oxide
Authors: Amaouche Hamza , Chergui Salima , Halet Farid , Yeddou Ahmed Réda , Chergui Abdelmalek , Nadjemi Boubekeur , Ould-Dris Aïssa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This work is dedicated to the removal of free cyanide from aqueous solution through oxidation with hydrogen peroxide H2O2 catalyzed by copper oxide nanoparticles. Effects of initial molar ratio [H2O2]0/[CN−]0, catalyst dose, temperature, pH and the catalyst stability on cyanide removal have been investigated. The use of copper oxide has improved the reaction rate showing catalytic activity. The cyanide removal efficiency was increased from 60% to 94% by increasing in the dose of catalyst from 0.5 g/L to 5.0 g/L. Increasing the temperature from 20 °C to 35 °C promotes cyanide removal and the four successive times re-use of catalyst shows good stability. Kinetics of cyanide removal was found to be of pseudo-first-order with respect to cyanide. The rate constants have been determined.
Isolation, Biochemical Characterization and Antiparasitic Activity of BmatTX-IV, A Basic Lys49-Phospholipase A2 from the Venom of Bothrops mattogrossensis from Paraguay
Authors: Alfonso Jorge Javier , Kayano Anderson M. , Garay Ana Fidelina Gómez , Simões-Silva Rodrigo , Sobrinho Juliana C. , Vourliotis Santiago , Soares Andreimar M. , Calderon Leonardo A. , Gómez Maria Celeste Vega 
Published: July 2019

Background:Functional and structural diversity of proteins of snake venoms is coupled with a wide repertoire of pharmacological effects. Snake venoms are targets of studies linked to searching molecules with biotechnological potential.Methods:A homologue phospholipase A2 (BmatTX-IV) was obtained using two chromatographic techniques. Mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were used to determine the molecular mass and isoelectric point, respectively. By means of Edman degradation chemistry, it was possible to obtain the partial sequence of amino acids that comprise the isolated toxin. Trypanocidal, leishmanicidal and cytoxic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania infantum and murine fibrobasts was determinated.Results:Combination of both chromatographic steps used in this study demonstrated efficacy to obtain the PLA2-Lys49. BmatTX-IV showed molecular mass and isoelectric point of 13.55 kDa and 9.3, respectively. Amino acid sequence of N-terminal region (51 residues) shows the presence of Lys49 residue at position 49, a distinctive trait of enzymatically inactive PLA2. Bothrops mattogrossensis snake venom showed IC50 values of 11.9 μg/mL against Leishmania infantum promastigotes and of 13.8 μg/mL against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, respectively. On the other hand, the venom showed a high cytotoxic activity (IC50 value of 16.7 μg/mL) against murine fibroblasts, whereas the BmatTX-IV showed IC50 value of 81.2 μg/mL.Conclusion:Physicochemical and biological characterization of snake venoms components is critically important, since these complex mixtures provide a source of molecules with antiparasitic potential, making further studies necessary to identify and characterize components with higher efficacy and selectivity.
Application of Ionic Liquids for the Determination of Lipophilicity Parameters Using TLC Method, and QSRR Analysis for the Antipsychotic Drugs
Authors: Mieszkowski Dominik , Koba Marcin , Marszałł Michał P. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography may cause difficulties, especially
in the case of basic drugs due to the strong silanophilic interactions in the partition mechanism.
Recently, imidazolium-based ionic liquids additives appeared interesting and a convenient solution
for suppressing the harmful effect of free residuals of silanol groups, allowing remodeling of the
stationary/mobile-phase system, and thus improving the lipophilicity assessment process.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the retention behavior of basic antipsychotics using
various RP-LC systems, and compare them with data obtained from the modified ionic-liquids
RP-TLC systems, and perform the QSRR analysis.

Methods:
Retention and lipophilicity parameters of diverse antipsychotics have been examined in
various RP-LC systems. Lipophilicity indices were compared with miscellaneous computed logP
values. Furthermore, a large number of molecular descriptors have been computed and compared
using various medicinal chemistry software, in order to contribute to the analysis of QSRR.

Results:
Designated correlation coefficients showed that lipophilicity parameters from TLC systems
without [EMIM][BF4] additive correlates very poor with the calculated logPs indices, whereas
the indices from the traditional HPLC and TLC systems (with [EMIM][BF4]) were clearly better.
Furthermore, QSRR analysis performed for these experimentally obtained lipophilicity parameters
showed significant relationships between the retention constants (ROM, logkw) and the in silico
calculated physicochemical molecular descriptors.

Conclusion:
ILs additive may be a significant factor affecting the lipophilicity of basic compounds,
thus their use may be favorable in lipophilicity assessment studies. QSRR models with ILs
showed that they may be useful in searching/or predicting HPLC/TLC retention parameters for the
new/other antipsychotic drugs.
Diazoxide Modulates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Targeting H2O2 Generation and Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Activity
Authors: Lucas Aline Maria Brito , de Lacerda Alexandre Joana Varlla , Araújo Maria Thalyne Silva , David Cicera Edna Barbosa , Ponte Viana Yuana Ivia , Coelho Beatriz Neves , Caldas Francisco Rodrigo Lemos , Varela Anna Lídia Nunes , Kowaltowski Alicia Juliana , Facundo Heberty Tarso 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Cardiac hypertrophy involves marked wall thickening or chamber enlargement.
If sustained, this condition will lead to dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress. Mitochondria
have ATP-sensitive K+ channels (mitoKATP) in the inner membrane that modulate the redox
status of the cell.

Objective:
We investigated the in vivo effects of mitoKATP opening on oxidative stress in isoproterenol-
induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods:
Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in Swiss mice treated intraperitoneally with isoproterenol
(ISO - 30 mg/kg/day) for 8 days. From day 4, diazoxide (DZX - 5 mg/kg/day) was used in order to open
mitoKATP (a clinically relevant therapy scheme) and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5HD - 5 mg/kg/day) or
glibenclamide (GLI - 3 mg/kg/day) were used as mitoKATP blockers.

Results:
Isoproterenol-treated mice had elevated heart weight/tibia length ratios (HW/TL). Additionally,
hypertrophic hearts had elevated levels of carbonylated proteins and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive
Substances (TBARS), markers of protein and lipid oxidation. In contrast, mitoKATP opening with
DZX avoided ISO effects on gross hypertrophic markers (HW/TL), carbonylated proteins and TBARS,
in a manner reversed by 5HD and GLI. Moreover, DZX improved mitochondrial superoxide dismutase
activity. This effect was also blocked by 5HD and GLI. Additionally, ex vivo treatment of isoproterenol-
induced hypertrophic cardiac tissue with DZX decreased H2O2 production in a manner sensitive to
5HD, indicating that this drug also acutely avoids oxidative stress.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that diazoxide blocks oxidative stress and reverses cardiac hypertrophy.
This pharmacological intervention could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent oxidative
stress associated with cardiac hypertrophy.
Una trilogía bibliográfica sobre México de Adrián Sotelo Valencia
Authors: García Ramírez Javier , Romero Ayala Jonatan 
Published: July 2019

<p>En las siguientes líneas presentamos las opiniones de dos académicos de la Facultad<br />de Economía de la UNAM sobre las tres obras más recientes del sociólogo del trabajo Adrián Sotelo Valencia respecto a México desde la visión de la Teoría de la<br />Dependencia.</p>
ESTRUCTURA JERÁRQUICA Y DINÁMICA EN LOS MERCADOS CAMBIARIOS LATINOAMERICANOS
Authors: Brida Juan Gabriel , Matesanz Gómez David , Risso Wiston Adrián 
Published: July 2019

<p>En este trabajo estudiamos la estructura jerárquica y la dinámica de las relaciones existentes entre los tipos de cambio reales en los principales mercados latinoamericanos. Con este fin, introducimos una metodología que combina el análisis de series temporales simbólicas (STSA) de Daw <em>et al.</em> (2003) con el algoritmo de agrupación de asociación al vecino más cercano (<em>nearest</em> <em>neighbor single linkage clustering algorithm</em>, NSLCA; véase Mantegna y Stanley, 2000). A partir de la simbolización de los datos podemos obtener distancias métricas entre series temporales que pueden ser usadas para construir un árbol de expansión mínima (MST), y distancias ultramétricas que permiten construir un árbol jerárquico (HT). Estos árboles permiten detectar conexiones dinámicas y organización jerárquica de los mercados cambiarios de Latinoamerica a partir de la construcción de distintos grupos de acuerdo a su proximidad.</p>
Ventajas comparativas y política industrial en una economía abierta
Authors: Huerta Quintanilla Rogelio 
Published: July 2019

Hay que considerar que la competencia entre las empresas es diferente a la competencia entre los países. La empresa que no es capaz de elevar su competitividad: misma calidad-menor precio, correrá el riesgo de ser expulsada del mercado, cerrará si persiste su desventaja en el mercado, pero no sucede lo mismo con los países. Los países no quiebran (Krugman 1992), los países buscan adecuarse al comercio entre naciones lo efectúan las empresas, el problema es ¿cómo lograr que las empresas se rijan por el principio de las ventajas comparativas para especializar al país en lo que tiene ventaja si lo que conviene a ellas son las diferenciales de precios absolutos? Tenemos aquí un dilema entre los intereses y objetivos de las empresas y los costos y beneficios sociales.
Diversidad de Artrópodos en tres sistemas de manejo agronómico de café en el Municipio de Líbano – Colombia
Authors: Garcia Arboleda Mauricio , Barrera Marín Nancy 
Published: July 2019

Se colectó, se codificó y se identificó taxonómicamente a los individuos artrópodos, hallados en 45 muestras de tres fincas, bajo el cultivo de café, sembradas en sistema orgánico, convencional o mixto, en el municipio del Líbano (Tolima, Colombia), durante el año 2014, en una investigación sobre la exergia. Se obtuvo que los artrópodos del suelo de la finca convencional (Tipo I) presenta mayor índice de diversidad que la finca orgánica y esta última mayor índice que la finca mixta. A pesar de ello, la finca orgánica presenta una mayor población de artrópodos que duplican las poblaciones de finca convencional y quintuplican las de la finca mixta. Los cual demuestra la alta interacción entre los artrópodos y la dinámica de la materia orgánica, en el rol de transformación de macromoléculas lignoceluliticas y de residuo diversidad, hacia formas más mineralizadas y en busca de la relación C/N estándar de la naturaleza.
Comportamiento de forrajeo en nutrias gigantes (Pteronura brasiliensis) estudio de caso en Santa Rosa de Sapuara, departamento de Guainía, Colombia
Authors: Chavez-Fontecha Engelbert , Ortega Torres M. Janeth , Torres Romero José Camilo 
Published: July 2019

La disponibilidad de alimento en la naturaleza no es estática, se presenta como un fenómeno dinámico que depende y varía en función de múltiples factores dentro del ecosistema. En este trabajo se expone mediante un estudio de caso, las diferentes estrategias de pesca en una población de nutrias gigante (Pteronura brasiliensis) que posiblemente sean el resultado evolutivo de presiones ambientales. Este comportamiento se estudió a través de observaciones ad-libitum, desde rocas y árboles de 10 a 20 metros de altura con un rango de visión horizontal de 110º. Algunos parámetros analizados fueron: estrategia de pesca, tipo de orilla, tiempo invertido en la pesca, número de nutrias activas (nutrias que participaron en la pesca), profundidad, condiciones climáticas, y efectividad de la pesca. Se observó que un grupo de nutrias se sumerge en promedio en intervalos de 16x"> = 13 segundos y σ 2 = 8.54, el número promedio de nutras participando de la pesca fue de 7 y la pesca exitosa fue de hasta el 87%. En total se observaron 11 comportamientos cooperativos de pesca los cuales se clasificaron en tres grupos: Punta de flecha, filas y corraleo, la más frecuentes fue la punta de flecha con un porcentaje de 38%.
Solitons and other solutions of (3 + 1)-dimensional space–time fractional modified KdV–Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation
Authors: Al-Ghafri K. S. , Rezazadeh Hadi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the current paper, we carry out an investigation into the exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional space-time fractional modified KdV–Zakharov–Kuznetsov (fractional mKdV–ZK) equation. Based on the conformable fractional derivative and its properties, the fractional mKdV–ZK equation is reduced into an ordinary differential equation which has been solved analytically by the variable separated ODE method. Various types of analytic solutions in terms of hyperbolic functions, trigonometric functions and Jacobi elliptic functions are derived. All conditions for the validity of all obtained solutions are given.
Data-Aided Carrier Recovery with QPSK Modulation
Authors: Al-Rawi Muhanned 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Digital communication has proven to be the most efficient method of data transmission especially where long distances are involved. This led to the invention of more sophisticated methods of communication ranging from mobile handset communication to more advanced satellite communication. The speeds of passing information have been improving over the years and real time video communication has been made possible with digital devices. Various methods of digital data transmission are employed based on the information to be transmitted. This paper focuses on carrier recovery in digital communication systems, especially those based on Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation and demodulation scheme. The design being implemented is that of coherent demodulation for QPSK scheme using SIMULINK design tool. Performance of QPSK is also investigated to make a comparison and the suitability of the scheme to use in digital data transmission applications.
Strategic and Social Competences in the Foreign Language Class
Authors: Negoescu Alina Gabriela , Boştină-Bratu Simona , Morar Lucia-Larissa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, teaching grammar and lexis to students is undoubtedly necessary but not enough. The new approaches to language teaching place a great emphasis on developing learners’ communicative competency. Besides the professional skills, essential to a successful career, individuals also need to acquire the communicative competency, which is equally important as it includes various other competencies, such as: linguistic, social, socio-cultural, or strategic competences in order to communicate and interact with each other. Our paper aims at discussing the different ways and methods teachers can use in the language classroom to build and enhance students’ social and strategic competencies.
The Prevalence of Tobacco Consumption Among Women in Târgu Mureş and Associations with Socio-Demographic and Cultural Factors
Authors: Ruţa Florina , Iacob Oana Maria , Naşca Cristina , Sin Anca Ileana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The habit of smoking is one of the most dangerous long-term behaviors affecting the health of a population, especially for young women, who will become the mothers to give birth to the future generations. In order to identify the prevalence of smoking among young women in Târgu Mureş, as well as other lifestyle-related risk factors, in this cross-sectional study we used a questionnaire to assess lifestyle among 964 women aged 15 to 49 years. The results showed that almost half of the interviewed women declared being smokers. The highest prevalence was found to be associated with the 21 to 30 year age group, no high-school education, non-Romanian ethnics, showing no interest for a healthy lifestyle, low resistance to stress and lack of proper rest and relaxation. This increased prevalence of smoking among women of childbearing age was identified alongside a low willingness for smoking cessation.
Training Military Leaders for Urban Irregular Warfare
Authors: Bojor Laviniu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The operational environments of future armed conflicts will be marked by military actions taken in densely populated areas. Skyscraper buildings, interconnected basements, blocked access ways, close range strikes, or lacks of combat support are some of the challenges that future military leaders have to face in future military conflicts. The paper aims to explore the challenges of large urban agglomerations where military leaders will conduct land forces actions by analyzing elements of combat power.
Conceptual Landmarks on the Evolution of Military Art
Authors: Hogea Marian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Military art is the fundamental component of military science and has as its object the war as a whole and the armed struggle. Over the years, military art has seen spectacular evolutions and mutations in strategy, operative art and tactics, by assimilating and integrating the achievements of the technical-scientific revolution. From this perspective, we aim to highlight the main conceptual landmarks in which military art evolved also targeting the high technology, network-based warfare, the planned operation on the effects of using ISTAR systems and the hybrid operation that integrates and associates several military and non-military components. This comprehensive approach to the evolution of military art gives us the possibility to evaluate the multidimensional operational environment, to highlight the characteristics and physiognomy of the future military operations through the integration of new technological and information systems and equipment. In this context, we state that the success in planning, training, execution and evaluation of military operation in the future will depend on the professionalism of the human resource and the degree of assimilation of technologies and intelligent systems within the management and execution structures.In recent years, the art of war has undergone major changes at all levels (strategic, operational and tactical). Due to the new information phase of the scientific and technological revolution, in the near future, several theories of armed struggle will arise influencing the social and economic life of all states.
Germany’s Military Importance for the European Union
Authors: Pricopi Marius 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although a founding member of the European Union, Germany has been rather reluctant to assume a pre-eminent leadership role in the European military integration process, choosing to focus more on social and economic affairs. But following Brexit, Germany might be also called upon to act as an integration “engine” in the defence area. Using the case study method and the analysis of social documents, we argue that Germany’s high level of military integration allows this state to assume, alongside France, a leading role in the defence pursuits of the European Union.