Abstract 5014: Profile of ARX001822, a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable A2a antagonist effective in preventing adenosinergic suppression of T cell activation
Authors: Finan Peter M. , Pettipher Roy , White Jonathan , Patel Viral , Moulton Ben , Porres Soraya , Gherbi Karolina , Rosethorne Elizabeth M. , Charlton Steven J. , McCarthy Clive 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Adenosine is elevated in the tumour microenvironment and plays a critical role in suppressing T cell function through high affinity interaction with the A2a receptor. Genetic deficiency of A2a in mice is associated with enhanced cytotoxic responses and reduced tumour burden in syngeneic models. These effects are mimicked by small molecule A2a antagonists and some of these compounds are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumours, particularly in combination with checkpoint inhibitors. However, the high levels of adenosine in the tumour microenvironment can dramatically reduce the effectiveness of competitive A2a antagonists. The challenge therefore is to identify highly potent and selective A2a antagonists which retain potency in the presence of high concentrations of adenosine and therefore have the potential to nullify the adenosinergic pathway within the tumour microenvironment ARX001822 binds A2a with high affinity (Ki=0.9 nM) and with greater than 660-fold selectivity over A1, A2b and A3. In a functional assay utilising CHO cells expressing recombinant A2a ARX001822 inhibited cAMP production in response to the selective A2a agonist CGS21680 in a competitive manner (KB= 0.3nM). Activation of A2a leads to the suppression of T cell-derived cytokine production and ARX001822 prevented this suppression even in the presence of high concentration of the adenosine receptor ligand NECA (IC50=38 nM). ARX001822 was also active in human whole blood, preventing NECA-mediated elevation of pCREB in CD8+ T cells and restoring production of interferon-γ with a potency 5-20 times higher than that of competitor molecules undergoing clinical evaluation in cancer. ARX001822 was orally bioavailable in rats and mice and was effective in inhibiting elevation of pCREB in mouse CD8+ T cells in an ex vivo pharmacodynamic assay. ARX001822 is a highly potent and selective A2a antagonist which is effective in preventing adenosinergic mediated suppression of cytokine production in the presence of high concentrations of adenosine receptor ligands and a full complement of plasma proteins. Knowledge of whole blood potency on both pCREB and interferon-γ modulation combined with the exposure required for activity in the pharmacodynamic model is helpful in estimating the clinical exposure required for A2a receptor blockade and downstream events related to modulating T cell function.
Citation Format: Peter M. Finan, Roy Pettipher, Jonathan White, Viral Patel, Ben Moulton, Soraya Porres, Karolina Gherbi, Elizabeth M. Rosethorne, Steven J. Charlton, Clive McCarthy. Profile of ARX001822, a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable A2a antagonist effective in preventing adenosinergic suppression of T cell activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5014.