bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Merchandising and the Agricultural Producer
Authors: Collins Norman R. , Jamison John A. 
Published: November 2018

This article presents a brief survey of the structure of today's food market. The authors indicate where change is taking place, and point to some adjustments that may be warranted. The dynamic merchandising techniques which characterize the business of food distribution, particularly at the retail level, are having repercussions throughout the marketing structure. The income of the agricultural producer is becoming continually more sensitive to the profit determinants of the retailer. Strengthened lines of communication from top to bottom are a requisite for profit maximization at all levels. The specifications of retail demand provide strong impetus for closer coordination between producers and marketing firms. Established marketing institutions in direct contact with the producer are obliged to make a critical appraisal of their organization and services in view of the changing nature of retailer demand.
The New Responsibilities of Marketing Management
Authors: McLean John G. 
Published: November 2018

Changing economic conditions are calling for a new order of things in marketing management. In addition to their traditional responsibility for handling the selling job, marketing managers today must assume responsibility for: (a) planning marketing strategy; (b) hard-headed, realistic analysis of the business facts about marketing operations; (c) introducing and speeding the adoption of bold innovations in distribution processes; and (d) manning the front lines of defense in our efforts to maintain the private-enterprise system in the United States. The handling of these multiple-management responsibilities calls for well balanced application of the skills of an artist and the skills of a scientist. The marketing manager must, therefore, provide for the development of both types of talent in his organization, and must establish organizational and procedural arrangements which will permit each group to play its proper role in the management function.
Social Glasses and Spending Behavior
Authors: Martineau Pierre 
Published: November 2018

While income has generally been the most widely used behavioral indicator in marketing, social-class membership provides a richer dimension of meaning. The individual's consumption patterns actually symbolize his class position, a more significant determinant of his buying behavior than just income. There is a social-class system operative in metropolitan markets which can be isolated and described. The kinds of things a person will or will not buy are strongly related to his class membership, and also whether he is mobile or stable. Likewise the individual's store loyalties and his spend-save aspirations will in considerable part be class related.
Sampling in Marketing Research
Authors: Semon Thomas T. , Cohen Reuben , Richmond Samuel B. , Stock J. Stevens 
Published: November 2018

This condensation was prepared especially for the journal of marketing from the report of the same title published as No. 3 of the Marketing Research Techniques Series by the American Marketing Association. It is a survey of problems and practices in sampling for marketing research. The report is part of the program of the Marketing Research Techniques Committee created in 1955 under Everett R. Smith, Chairman, to provide discussion and clarification of current marketing-research methods.
The True Role of the Marketing Executive
Authors: Houser T. V. 
Published: November 2018

This article is based on a Charles Coolidge Parlin Memorial Lecture given under the auspices of the Philadelphia Chapter of the American Marketing Association on May 27, 1958. On that same occasion Professor Reavis Cox of the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce of the University of Pennsylvania also gave a Parlin Lecture on “Consumer Convenience and the Retail Structure of Cities”; and an adaptation of his presentation appears in this same issue of the journal of marketing, pp. 355–362. A remarkably broad role for the marketing activity and the marketing executive in modern business is outlined in this article by Mr. Houser. It is his thesis that the task of the marketing executive cannot successfully be limited to marketing methods alone. Instead, his knowledge of the market and methods must play a major part in areas of the business which traditionally have not been considered a part of his responsibility. The author also points out that increased responsibilities of the marketing executive will result in increased business effectiveness.
The Use of Marketing Data in Courts of Law
Authors: Barksdale Hiram C. 
Published: November 2018

The increasing use of marketing data as legal evidence seems certain. And recent court decisions mean that everyone interested in marketing, advertising, and survey research should be familiar with the use of marketing data in courts of law. This article reviews pertinent features of the American legal system. It also describes some of the unusual problems in collecting and presenting marketing data to courts and administrative agencies. Standards for survey-research evidence are also explained.
Why Continued Advertising is Necessary: A New Explanation
Authors: Carrick Paul M. 
Published: November 2018

Continued advertising seems to be a well-established marketing principle. But why should it be necessary? The answer lies in recognition of one characteristic of the decision-making process under conditions of uncertainty. Individuals deal with uncertainty by means of extensive simplifications of reality; this may result in a high social cost. Continued advertising is necessary because of a simplification consumers make to facilitate brand selection. This means that many interrelationships between advertising, sales, and consumer behavior can be better understood.
Factors Influencing the Demand for New Automobiles
Authors: De Janosi Peter E. 
Published: November 2018

What family characteristics are related to the purchase of a new car? Eight variables were analyzed that can be expected to have an important role in the purchase decision. Through statistical techniques it was possible to test simultaneously the relationship of these factors to new-car purchases by families. Substantially more information was culled from the data by the chosen statistical technique than would have been possible through other methods. And several unexpected relationships were discovered.
The Question of the “Regression” Fallacy
Authors: Bass Frank M. 
Published: November 2018

In a previous article, Frank M. Bass presented data to show that drug-store expenses and gross margins at the extreme positions in an array at a particular point in time tended to move toward the center with the passage of time. This same phenomenon had been measured many years ago in other types of retail stores by Horace Secrist, who concluded that the phenomenon indicated mediocrity in the stores. It has been alleged that this same conclusion was implied by the present author in the drug-store study. In this brief article he denies the allegation.
Diagnosis and Prevention of the Regression Fallacies
Authors: Roberts Harry V. 
Published: November 2018

The regression phenomenon may seen simple to some technicians. Yet failure to grasp the underlying idea or to connect it to specific problems has led to frequent misinterpretation of data—the so-called “regression fallacy.” Actually, while there is only one regression phenomenon, there are two distinguishable regression fallacies. This article explains the regression phenomenon and shows how the two fallacies can be identified and avoided.
How Important is the Chain Store Buying Committee?
Authors: Gordon Howard L. 
Published: November 2018

Up until the mid-1940s it was the large food manufacturer who practically dictated to the food store operator what products he stocked on store shelves. Today, after a marketing revolution, it is the chain store operator who wields the power to decide if and when a manufacturer will obtain successful product distribution and sales. In this article the author examines the extent of the supermarket chains' power and its impact on the manufacturers' efforts to introduce new products and keep established products on the supermarket shelves.
Launching Your Product in Belgium
Authors: Stridsberg Albert B. 
Published: November 2018

Belgium is often talked about in marketing circles as the “test-market of the Six,” useful as a bridgehead into the Common Market. The purpose of this article is to counsel prudence. The lesson Belgium holds for European marketing lies in the likelihood of bringing to light sectors that require more care and more emphasis than in the United States, or that may not even exist in the United States.
Reinterviews by Telephone
Authors: Schmiedeskamp Jay W. 
Published: November 2018

The debate continues over the relative merits of interviewing by telephone. This article reports an attempt by the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center to evaluate the effectiveness of telephone surveys for gathering information about consumer attitudes, financial optimism, and plans to buy. The Center conducted two surveys using the telephone to reinterview respondents to its regular economic surveys. The author weighs the pros and cons of the method.
Marketing Management Concepts Yesterday and Today
Authors: La Londe Bernard J. , Morrison Edward J. 
Published: November 2018

In this historical note we find a direct application of Frederick W. Taylor's scientific management concepts to early sales management, scientific marketing management, and modem marketing management. The authors of this article review the applications of scientific management to marketing during the period from approximately World War I to the depression of the early 1930s, and they show how the first large-scale application of management concepts came about.
The Perceived Importance of the Elements of Strategy
Authors: Udell Jon G. 
Published: November 2018

The economic theory of competitive behavior emphasizes pricing and places relatively little emphasis on product, promotion, and distribution. However, the marketing executives of manufacturing corporations have a very different perception of the relative importance of the various facets of marketing strategy. In this article, the author summarizes a study of the marketing strategies of 485 successful products. In addition, he suggests a theoretical approach for determining the relative importance of product efforts and sales efforts in the marketing programs of manufacturing companies.
Marketing Food in Developing Nations—Second Phase of the War on Hunger
Authors: Kriesberg Martin 
Published: November 2018

The war on hunger in the developing nations is currently entering a new phase in which marketing and distribution are the critical elements. The problem has been to increase the food production capabilities of these countries. However, through a combination of U.S. aid, self-help programs, and technological advances, accelerated grain production is now possible in countries heretofore having food deficits. This article elaborates on these points and specifies some of the actions necessary to facilitate the modernization of food marketing in the developing nations. The author also indicates potential areas of opportunity for marketers considering operations in these countries.
Experimental study of an ultrasonic regenerative evaporative cooler for a desiccant cooling system
Authors: Arun BS , Mariappan V 
Published: November 2018

This paper presents fabrication of an ultrasonic regenerative evaporative cooler, coupled with a desiccant dehumidifier. Ultrasonic regenerative evaporative cooler consists of several sets of a dry channel and a wet channel. A part of the air from the dry channel is redirected into the wet channel where it is cooled by evaporation of water mist from an ultrasonic atomiser. Air flowing through dry channels is pre-cooled by heat transfer between wet and dry channels, without changing its humidity. In this cooler, the conventional hygroscopic layer for wetting the plate surface is replaced with the water mist. It is observed that the performance of the cooling system significantly depends on the channel spacing, channel length, inlet airflow rate and extraction ratio, and marginally depends upon feed water temperature. The room cooling capacity is eminently responsive to both air mass flow rate and extraction ratio. The maximum available room cooling capacity of 339.8 W is obtained for the optimal values of 0.0488 kg/s mass flow rate of air and 0.37 extraction ratio. The prototype achieved wet-bulb effectiveness values as high as 1.15 and delivered more than 10℃ temperature drop. Practical application: An ultrasonic regenerative evaporative cooler can be coupled with a desiccant dehumidification unit for use in hot and humid climate to achieve comfort condition utilising less energy and feed water when compared to the vapour compression refrigeration system. From this prototype researchers and engineers can develop, by combining desiccant regenerators and evaporative coolers which use ultrasonic method for low-temperature dehydration of desiccant substance. Solar thermal energy can also be directly utilised for marginally heating the desiccant substance during the regeneration process. Overall, this system can contribute to the development of energy efficient buildings.
Cancer survivors' experience of OptiMal, a 6-week, occupation-based, self-management intervention
Authors: Boland Lauren , Bennett Kathleen , Cuffe Sinead , Gleeson Noreen , Grant Cliona , Kennedy John , Connolly Deirdre 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Cancer survivors experience persistent symptoms such as pain, fatigue, anxiety and depression post-treatment, resulting in social isolation and decreased activity participation. A 6-week, occupation-focused, self-management programme, OptiMal, was delivered to cancer survivors. A mixed methods approach was employed to explore the impact of the programme. For the purpose of addressing the focus of this paper, only qualitative data were extrapolated. Methods A qualitative description design was undertaken with survivors to explore their perceptions of the impact of OptiMal on cancer survivorship and opinions of the programme. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups and semi-structured interviews post-intervention and at 3 months follow-up. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Four OptiMal programmes were delivered with 26 individuals of mixed cancer diagnoses over an 18-month period. Following thematic analysis, two themes emerged: 1. Supporting the transition to survivorship; 2. Programme design and delivery. The content and design of OptiMal was reported to meet cancer survivors' needs. However, many survivors stated that they would have benefited from it earlier post-treatment. Conclusion An occupation-based group programme, OptiMal, appears to assist cancer survivors to transition from treatment to survivorship. However, many survivors stated that they would have benefited from the programme earlier post-treatment.
Engagement of general practitioners in falls prevention and referral to occupational therapists
Authors: McIntyre Anne , Mackenzie Lynette , Harvey Michele 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Falls prevention is a key activity for general practitioners, occupational therapists and other allied health professionals. Despite evidence for multidisciplinary community-based interventions, uptake of falls prevention is variable. General practitioners are crucial in identifying older people at risk of falls and referring for intervention. This research aims to identify the current practice of general practitioners in falls prevention and to identify opportunities for occupational therapists in particular to extend their role in falls prevention in primary care. Method A total of 4000 paper surveys were mailed to randomly selected general practitioners within 209 clinical commissioning groups in England. Online surveys were also distributed via clinical commissioning groups to approximately 3200 general practitioners. Descriptive analysis of the data was undertaken. Results A total of 152 general practitioners responded. More than half indicated they were familiar with the UK guidelines for falls risk screening, but less than a third implemented these. Only 31% routinely asked older people if they had fallen. Whilst 90% identified occupational therapists as providing evidence-based falls prevention, only 74% referred to occupational therapy. Conclusion There are gaps in general practitioners’ falls prevention referral practices to occupational therapists and allied health professionals. Better general practitioner pathways could enhance the quality of falls-prevention care for older people at risk.
Fifteen-Year Audit of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions in the Australian Football League From 1999 to 2013: Return to Play and Subsequent ACL Injury
Authors: Lai Courtney C.H. , Feller Julian A. , Webster Kate E. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has been a major cause of missed game time among Australian Football League (AFL) players. Return to play after ACL reconstruction is not always achieved, even among elite athletes. The rate of subsequent ACL injury in the AFL from 1990 to 2000 was high as compared with that of other elite sports. Purpose: To determine the rates of return to play and subsequent ACL injury after ACL reconstruction among AFL players from 1999 to 2013 and to explore factors associated with differing rates of return to play and subsequent ACL injury. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 158 AFL players who underwent ACL reconstruction were identified from a prospectively maintained registry of AFL player injuries. Further data were gathered from official playing statistics, surgical records, and structured phone interviews. Results: The rate of return to play after an initial ACL injury was 77% (121 of 158 players). Greater preinjury playing experience and earlier selection in the AFL draft were associated with higher rates of return to play. The rate of subsequent ACL injury to either knee was 30% (48 of 158 players) and was especially high among players aged <21 years (23 of 46 players, 50%). After subsequent ACL injury, 34 of 48 players (71%) returned to play. In primary ACL reconstruction, the use of Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System grafts resulted in a faster return to play ( P = .001) but had a higher risk of subsequent revision reconstruction (risk ratio = 2.8, P = .048). Family history of ACL injury was associated with an increased risk of subsequent contralateral ACL injury (risk ratio = 3.8, P = .002). Conclusion: Most AFL players who underwent ACL reconstruction returned to play at least 1 AFL match. The high rate of subsequent ACL injury among AFL players demonstrates the highly demanding nature of Australian football, particularly at the elite level. The risk factors for subsequent ACL injury should be considered carefully when treatment and rehabilitation decisions are made for these high-demand athletes.
Exposure to Man-Made Mineral Fibers: A Summary of Current Animal Data
Authors: Wheeler Candace S. 
Published: November 2018

The inhalation of asbestos fibers (crocidolite, chrysotile and amosite) has been implicated in the development of a number of lung disorders including lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma. The mechanism responsible for these effects is not well characterized but is generally thought to be related to the fibrous nature of these materials. Therefore, concerns have also been raised as to the potential health impact of other fibrous materials including man-made mineral fibers. Man-made mineral fibers are being used as substitutes for asbestos in a wide range of products. However, relatively little data are available on the potential health impact of these fibrous materials. Epidemiology and clinical studies have served as an important source of information on the effect of various environmental pollutants, but have not been sufficient to date to fully address the potential health impact of man-made mineral fibers. This is due in part to the relatively recent introduction of a number of these materials, the long latency period before the onset of clinical symptoms, and in general, the lower exposure levels associated with these materials. Therefore, a number of animal studies have been performed to predict or confirm the toxicity of various man-made mineral fibers in humans. Both fibrosis and mesothelioma have been induced in experimental animals exposed to man-made mineral fibers although no disease has been consistently observed in occupationally exposed workers. While little is known about the mechanism of this response, information from animal and cell culture experiments indicate that dose, fiber dimension, and fiber durability are the most important factors in determining the biological activity of these materials. The purpose of this summary will be to review these and other properties of man-made mineral fibers from animal and in vitro cellular experimentation in an attempt to address the potential health impact of these materials. Particular attention will be placed on the route of exposure, fiber type and morphology, and species tested. Recommendations will be made as to future research needs.
Information Asymmetry and Debt–Equity Choice: Evidence from an Emerging Market, India
Authors: Sony Bipin , Bhaduri Saumitra 
Published: November 2018

We examine the role of information asymmetry in the debt–equity choice decisions of firms from an important emerging market, India. Information problems are more severe in the emerging markets and we find strong evidence in favour of information asymmetry playing a key role in the capital structure decisions of Indian firms. Consistent with the pecking order model, we find that equity issues are lesser in number and firms facing fewer information problems issue equity. We use novel variables such as analyst coverage, analyst forecast surprise and dispersion to capture information asymmetry in the Indian market. JEL: G32
Portliness Amidst Poverty: Evidence from India
Authors: Maitra Pushkar , Menon Nidhiya 
Published: November 2018

We analyse patterns and correlates of excess weight of adults in India. We find that urban women are particularly at risk of being overweight or obese and that income or wealth, relative inequality, and lifestyle choices are strongly correlated with body mass index. Using panel data for women, we find that there is strong persistence in being overweight or obese—there are significant transitions into this category but very little movement out of this category over time. Estimates of health impacts indicate that overweight or obese weight status is positively associated with the incidence of diabetes and blood pressure. JEL: I12, I15, O12
Estimation of Daily Micronutrient Intake of Filipinos
Authors: Natera Erlinda , Trinidad Trinidad , Valdez Divina , Kawamura Hisao , Palad Lorna , Shiraishi Kunio 
Published: November 2018

The Fourth National Nutrition Survey of the Food and Nutrition Research Institute conducted in 1993 showed an increasing prevalence of micronutrient-related diseases in various age groups. Hence, the daily diet consumed by the average Filipino was examined for its nutrient content. A total of 19 regional diet samples were collected and analyzed for phosphorous, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, calcium, potassium, and sodium by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Iodine was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Benchmark data for the abovementioned micronutrients showed decreased intake values as compared to the recommended dietary allowance established in 1989. The information will be useful in assessing the existing nutritional status so that appropriate nutrient interventions can possibly be put in place.