bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle School Students’ Mastery of Scientific Inquiry Literacy based on Gender and School Location
Authors: Innatesari D K , Sajidan S , Sukarmin S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
21st century competencies have contained the purpose of science education. The purpose of science education is to promote scientific literacy among citizens using information and scientific issues in everyday life. Scientific inquiry is a part of science literacy. This study aimed to describe the mastery of middle school students’ scientific inquiry literacy and its influence based on gender and school location. The paper test used the instrument to measure scientific inquiry literacy which was based on ScInqLiT (scientific inquiry literacy test) as proposed by Wenning (2007). The study was conducted in four middle schools in Kediri district with 267 students. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by gender (119 boys and 148 girls) and school location (urban and rural areas). The result showed that the girls’ mastery of scientific inquiry was higher than the boys’, and the urban school students had a higher mastery of scientific inquiry literacy than the rural school students did. Moreover, science learning must be improved with learning methods and teaching materials and also refer to gender as well as school location.
The Effect of Android-based Pictorial Biology Dictionary on Students’ Motivation on Topic of Invertebrate
Authors: Pahlifi D M , Nurcahyo H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nowadays the application of Android-based media is currently a trend in science education research. In the subject of Invertebrates, there can be found terms use the Latin or scientific language. Students are having difficulty in following the materials of invertebrates, especially in understanding the terms of invertebrate’s body structures. This research aims to know the effect of the implementation of Android-based biology dictionary on invertebrate’s subject topic to improve student’s learning motivation. Questionnaire is used as instrument in this research. This research used the pretest-posttest control group design. The subject was XI Grader of SMAN 2 Bantul consisted of an experimental class and a control class. The gain scores were analyzed to know the improvement of student’s learning motivation. The result shows that Android-based illustrated biology dictionary is able to provide significant effect towards the improvement of student`s learning motivation.
The Profile of the Scientific Communication of the Seventh-Grade Students
Authors: Widayanti E , Masykuri M , Setyono P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Scientific communication plays a role in delivering concepts, ideas, opinions, the process of an activity, results, conclusions, and recommendations from the source of information to the recipient. This communication is needed by the graduates from the educational unit. Thus, the government also includes this competence as one of the graduate competency standards. This study aimed to determine the profile of the scientific communication of the 7th grade students of junior high schools (SMP). The type of this research is qualitative research. The data were collected using questionnaires. The results showed that there were 8 students with excellent category, 5 students with good category, and 19 students with adequate category of scientific communication. This research can be used as a reference by the teacher to find out the profile of the scientific communication so that efforts can be made to improve scientific communication if it is still low.
Metacognitive Knowledge and Critical Thinking Biology 11th of Public Senior High School in Bogor
Authors: Sari K M , Paidi  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The research aims to find out the profile of students level of knowledge, especially in metacognitive knowledge and critical thinking skills eleventh grade students public senior high school in Bogor City on biology subjects. This research used survey method in descriptive research. The population used were all students of eleventh grade students, the sampling technique was used multistage random sampling. Data collection was carried out with test and non-test techniques, then data would be analyzed using descriptive. Descriptive analysis is used to find out metacognitive knowledge and critical thinking skills student. Based on the results obtained from metacognitive knowledge and critical thinking students on biology subject in the low category. Between aspect of Cognition Knowledge and Cognition Regulation is not significantly different, namely 71.95 and 71.48. Metacognitive results show that metacognitive knowledge is in line with critical thinking skills students.
Competency of Pre-Service Biology Teachers on the Academic and Pedagogical Aspects
Authors: Wibowo Y , Kurniawati A , Handziko R C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine the academic and pedagogical competencies of undergraduate (undergrad) students of Biology Education Department FMIPA UNY. This research is a descriptive study with survey techniques. The populations in this study were all undergrad students of the Biology Education Study Program 2016/2017 academic year. Samples were taken purposively as many as 95 undergrad students who participated in the microteaching and Field Experience Program (PPL) activities in 2016. Instrument in this study included questionnaire on academic and pedagogic abilities. The subjects in this study were biology lecturers majoring in microteaching, undergad students who took microteaching courses in the 2016/2017 academic year, and biology teachers who guided the PPL in high schools in Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The results of the research data were analyzed descriptively by looking at the percentage of the academic and pedagogical abilities of the undergrad students. The results showed that Biology Education Study Program students had academic and pedagogical competencies in good categories.
An Analysis of Outdoor Learning towards Students’ Outcomes in Learning Biology
Authors: Arianti Yuliana , Aminatun Tien 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine the extent to which the use of non-classroom learning methods in high school. The environment is a natural laboratory that is available which must be utilized maximally in learning. By learning outside the classroom students will be faster in understanding the material to be studied because they are directly dealing with objects. The method used in this study is a meta-analysis. Data is collected from various literature relating to outdoor learning. Data collection techniques are using primary and secondary data. Conclusions can be shown after the data is analyzed. The results of this study are to determine the effectiveness of the use of outdoor learning that is adapted to the subject matter that is suitable for outdoor learning. The environment is a real object and can be used directly by students in learning. Many objects found in the environment can be used as a source of learning for students.
Towards quantifying uncertainty in ocean heat content changes using synthetic profiles
Authors: Allison L C , Roberts C D , Palmer M D , Hermanson L , Killick R E , Rayner N A , Smith D M , Andrews M B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Observational estimates of global ocean heat content (OHC) change are used to assess Earth’s energy imbalance over the 20th Century. However, intercomparison studies show that the mapping methods used to interpolate sparse ocean temperature profile data are a key source of uncertainty. We present a new approach to assessing OHC mapping methods using ‘synthetic profiles’ generated from a state-of-the-art global climate model simulation. Synthetic profiles have the same sampling characteristics as the historical ocean temperature profile data but are based on model simulation data. Mapping methods ingest these data in the same way as they would real observations, but the resultant mapped fields can be compared to a model simulation ‘truth’. We use this approach to assess two mapping methods that are used routinely for climate monitoring and initialisation of decadal forecasts. The introduction of the Argo network of autonomous profiling floats during the 2000s drives clear improvements in the ability of these methods to reconstruct the variability and spatial structure of OHC changes. At depths below 2000 m, both methods underestimate the magnitude of the simulated ocean warming signal. Temporal variability and trends in OHC are better captured in the better-observed northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. At all depths, the sampling characteristics of the historical data introduces some spurious variability in the estimates of global OHC on sub-annual to multi-annual timescales. However, many of the large scale spatial anomalies, especially in the upper ocean, are successfully reconstructed even with sparse observations from the 1960s, demonstrating the potential to construct historical ocean analyses for assessing decadal predictions. The value of using accurate global covariances for data-poor periods is clearly seen. The results of this ‘proof-of-concept’ study are encouraging for gaining further insights into the capabilities and limitations of different mapping methods and for quantifying uncertainty in global OHC estimates.
Irrigation-limited yield gaps: trends and variability in the United States post-1950
Authors: Kukal Meetpal S , Irmak Suat 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Irrigated agriculture is generally considered to be more productive than rainfed agriculture at any given location. This difference in crop yield between irrigated and rainfed production (‘Irrigation-limited yield gap’ or ILYG) is subject to spatio-temporal variability, due to differences in management, environmental conditions, soils, and policy. However, quantification of ILYG and its associated variability remains uninvestigated. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamics of county level-ILYG for nine major irrigated crops in the United States: maize, soybean, spring wheat, winter wheat, alfalfa, sorghum, cotton, barley and oats from around 1950 to 2015. ILYG was found to be highly specific to crop and location and has been increasing, in general, over time, albeit with regional differences. Maize had the greatest ILYG magnitude on a national basis, with cotton ILYG showing highest temporal rates of increase. Increased ILYG variability over the study period was found for all crops, except cotton, which also showed the highest magnitude of long-term mean variability. Maps and key information in this article are significant to irrigation research, policy and decision-making, plant breeding, groundwater withdrawal allocation strategies and producers to identify pertinent regions using historical ILYG for optimizing farm irrigation management strategies to enhance overall national agricultural productivity.
Pest Injury Guilds, Lepidoptera, and Placing Fruit-Piercing Moths in Context: A Review
Authors: Klem Crystal C , Zaspel Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pest status of insects in agricultural settings is human-defined based on behaviors that may negatively impact the yield of susceptible crops. As such, both the insect behavior and the affected crop play a part in determining pest status. One helpful means of understanding pest status involves using pest injury guilds, which distinguish different pest groups based on similar kinds of injury to comparable plant tissues. Pest injury guilds defined in the literature are reviewed and then applied to agriculturally significant Lepidoptera. More specialized Lepidoptera behaviors which are economically relevant, such as leaf-rolling or stem-boring, are examined within their respective injury guilds. In this review, fruit-piercing moths are discussed within the context of pest Lepidoptera behaviors and are highlighted due to their unique means of causing economic damage. Unlike other Lepidoptera in agricultural settings, fruit-piercing moths are harmful as adults rather than larvae, and directly injure fruits using a specially adapted proboscis. The ecology and systematics of fruit-piercing moths, as well as current control options, are also discussed.
The Magnetism of Moral Reasoning and the Principle of Proportionality in Comparative Constitutional Adjudication
Authors: Stacey Richard 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A constitutional limitations clause manages the conflict between constitutional rights and the legislative pursuit of broader social objectives. In six paradigm postwar constitutional democracies—Canada, Germany, India, Israel, Poland, and South Africa—the principle of proportionality has emerged as the analytical fulcrum of the judicial inquiry into the constitutionality of rights limitations. Criticism of the principle of proportionality has crystallized into three main objections: proportionality analysis devalues rights by exposing them to the ordinary processes of political bargaining; it offends the rule of law because it depends on unpredictable moral reasoning; and it involves the unintelligible balancing of incommensurable goods. This Article considers, first, whether limitations jurisprudence in the paradigm countries contains responses to these objections. It argues that there are ways of meeting the devaluation and incommensurability objections, but suggests that models of analysis that purport to meet the unpredictability objection by minimizing the role of moral reasoning are undermined by the continued judicial reliance on moral reasoning in the paradigm countries. The Article argues, second, that moral reasoning maintains this magnetic attraction over judges because the conception of the rule of law at work in the paradigm countries, and which judges and other public officials are committed to upholding, compels judges and legislators to engage directly and fully with the normative commitments a political community makes and which inform its constitution. Because people reasonably disagree over the content and contours of these normative commitments, judges cannot rely on a de-moralized analysis but must make arguments intended to persuade rational, morally autonomous members of a political community how our most fundamental normative commitments should be understood by the legal system.
Win-Win: Reconciling Social Epidemiology and Causal Inference
Authors: Galea Sandro , Hernán Miguel A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Social epidemiology is concerned with the health effects of forces that are “above the skin.” Although causal inference should be a key goal for social epidemiology, social epidemiology and quantitative causal inference have been seemingly at odds over the years. This does not have to be the case and, in fact, both fields stand to gain through a closer engagement of social epidemiology with formal causal inference approaches. We discuss the misconceptions that have led to an uneasy relationship between these 2 fields, propose a way forward that illustrates how the 2 areas can come together to inform causal questions, and discuss the implications of this approach. We argue that quantitative causal inference in social epidemiology is an opportunity to do better science that matters, a win-win for both fields.
Phenotypic plasticity of stomatal and photosynthetic features of four Picea species in two contrasting common gardens
Authors: Wang Ming Hao , Wang Jing Ru , Zhang Xiao Wei , Zhang Ai Ping , Sun Shan , Zhao Chang Ming 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Global climate change is expected to affect mountain ecosystems significantly. Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of any genotype to produce a variety of phenotypes under different environmental conditions, is critical in determining the ability of species to acclimate to current climatic changes. Here, to simulate the impact of climate change, we compared the physiology of species of the genus Picea from different provenances and climatic conditions and quantified their phenotypic plasticity index (PPI) in two contrasting common gardens (dry vs. wet), and then considered phenotypic plastic effects on their future adaptation. The mean PPI of the photosynthetic features studied was higher than that of the stomatal features. Species grown in the arid and humid common gardens were differentiated: the stomatal length (SL) and width (SW) on the adaxial surface, the transpiration rate (Tr) and leaf mass per area (LMA) were more highly correlated with rainfall than other traits. There were no significant relationships between the observed plasticity and the species’ original habitat, except in P. crassifolia (from an arid habitat) and P. asperata (from a humid habitat). Picea crassifolia exhibited enhanced instantaneous efficiency of water use (PPI = 0.52) and the ratio of photosynthesis to respiration (PPI = 0.10) remained constant; this species was, therefore, considered to the one best able to acclimate when faced with the effects of climate change. The other three species exhibited reduced physiological activity when exposed to water limitation. These findings indicate how climate change affects the potential roles of plasticity in determining plant physiology, and provide a basis for future reforestation efforts in China.
Quinolone and Multidrug Resistance Predicts Failure of Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Mücke Marcus M , Mayer Amelie , Kessel Johanna , Mücke Victoria T , Bon Dimitra , Schwarzkopf Katharina , Rüschenbaum Sabrina , Queck Alexander , Göttig Stephan , Vermehren Annika , Weiler Nina , Welker Martin-Walter , Reinheimer Claudia , Hogardt Michael , Vermehren Johannes , Herrmann Eva , Kempf Volkhard A J , Zeuzem Stefan , Lange Christian M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients colonized with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is unknown. We evaluated the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone-based SBP prophylaxis in an era and area of frequent antibiotic resistance.

Methods
This is a prospective observational study in patients with liver cirrhosis and an indication for fluoroquinolone-based prophylaxis of SBP. Patients were recruited and followed in a large German tertiary reference center with comprehensive microbiological and clinical monitoring performed at baseline and after 30, 60, 90, and 180 days of prophylaxis.

Results
Overall, 77 patients received antibiotic prophylaxis for an average of 93 days. Baseline prevalence of colonization with MDROs was high (N = 39, 50.6%). At least one de novo MDRO was detected in 27 patients (35.1%) during antibiotic prophylaxis; 33 patients (42.9%) developed secondary infections, including 14 cases (17.9%) of infections with MDROs, and 13 cases (16.9%) of de novo/recurrent SBP. Thirty patients (39.0%) died during follow-up. Significantly higher risks of SBP development during antibiotic prophylaxis were observed for patients with versus without any apparent MDROs (P = .009), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (P = .008), multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (P = .016), or quinolone-resistant gram-negative bacteria (QR-GNB) (P = .015). In competing risk analysis, QR-GNB were independently associated with prophylaxis failure (hazard ratio, 3.39; P = .045) and infections with QR-GNB were independently associated with death before SBP (subdistribution hazard risk, 6.47; P = .034).

Conclusions
Antibiotic prophylaxis of SBP appears to be less efficient in patients with known MDROs. Regular MDRO screening seems to be useful to tailor treatment of secondary infections and re-evaluate antibiotic prophylaxis in case of selection of quinolone resistance.
Pervasive impacts of invasive brown treesnakes drive low fledgling survival in endangered Micronesian Starlings (Aplonis opaca) on Guam
Authors: Pollock Henry S , Savidge Julie A , Kastner Martin , Seibert Thomas F , Jones Todd M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Invasive predators have caused widespread loss of biodiversity in island ecosystems, yet certain species are able to tolerate the presence of generalist invaders. For example, the invasive brown treesnake (BTS; Boiga irregularis) caused the extirpation of 10 of 12 native forest bird species on the island of Guam, but a remnant population of the Micronesian Starling (Aplonis opaca), or Såli, has managed to persist on a military installation in northern Guam. Understanding how Micronesian Starlings are coping with the presence of BTS can inform conservation efforts for island bird populations facing invasive predators and provide insight into strategies for expanding the starling population. We monitored the survival, movements, and habitat use of 43 radio-tagged starling fledglings during this vulnerable life-history stage. Invasive predators accounted for 75% of fledgling mortality (56% from BTS; 19% from feral cats) and contributed to one of the lowest post-fledging survival rates (38% through day 21 post-fledging) recorded for passerine birds. Predation by BTS persisted at elevated rates following natal dispersal, further reducing cumulative survival to 26% through 53 days post-fledging. Nest location was an important predictor of survival: fledglings from nest boxes closer to the forest edge were more likely to use forest habitat at younger ages and more likely to be depredated by BTS. Overall, our findings indicate that BTS continue to severely impact Guam’s starling population, even more so than invasive predators affect native birds in other island systems. We recommend deploying nest boxes farther from the forest to improve fledgling survival and implementing urban predator control to promote growth of the Micronesian Starling population on Guam and facilitate future reintroductions of other species.
Subxiphoid versus intercostal uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for bilateral lung resections: a single-institution experience
Authors: Cai Haomin , Xie Dong , Al Sawalhi Samer , Jiang Lei , Zhu Yuming , Jiang Gening , Zhao Deping 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Subxiphoid uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SUVATS) is a technically difficult and challenging operation that can help decrease pain around the incision after traditional intercostal uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (IUVATS), and can also treat bilateral lesions through the same incision. We aimed to compare perioperative outcomes and pain scores after SUVATS and IUVATS in patients receiving synchronous treatment of bilateral lung lesions.

METHODS
Patients who received SUVATS and IUVATS bilateral lung resections from September 2014 to February 2018 were analysed. Ultimately a total of 381 cases were analysed after using one-to-one propensity score matching to match baseline characteristics between the 2 groups.

RESULTS
The 381 patients included 56 with SUVATS and 325 with IUVATS. After matching, 54 SUVATS and 54 IUVATS cases were analysed. The 2 groups had similar preoperative factors and did not differ with respect to duration of chest tube placement, length of stay in hospital and incidence of postoperative complications. SUVATS was associated with a significantly longer operative time (212.3 vs 154.6 min, P < 0.001) and more blood loss (190.9 vs 72.7 ml, P < 0.001), lower pain score on the first day after operation (2.6 vs 3.0, P = 0.03) and before discharge (0.8 vs 1.4, P < 0.001). Furthermore, less patients in group SUVATS requested for additional analgesic therapy (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with IUVATS, despite the longer operative time and greater blood loss, SUVATS for bilateral lung lesions is a safe surgical procedure associated with significantly less postoperative pain and a similar incidence of postoperative complications in selected patients.