bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subaerial Delta Development, Eastern Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana
Authors: van Heerden Ivor L. , Roberts Harry H. , Penland Shea , Cunningham Rob H. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Subaerial expression of Atchafalaya Delta was first apparent following the major flood of 1973,10 years after the subaqueous phase was initiated. Land growth has continued to the present. A project was initiated in 1977 to monitor the plan view and morphological development of the eastern half of this delta as delta development in the Atchafalaya Bay is the only real area of land growth in Louisiana. In addition, no previous Mississippi delta complex has been studied since inception of its subaerial growth. At the present stage of delta development, two distinct phases of subaerial growth are recognizable. The first growth phase consists of channel extension, bifurcation, and initiation of narrow and sinuous overbank channels. The second stage is the more mature response of lobe fusion and upstream accretion that becomes dominant once progradation through bifurcation wanes. Channel bifurcations are initiated when midchannel bars form immediately bayward of channel mouths. As the deep, confined channel waters lose velocity on entering the unconfined, shallow bay, the coarse suspended particles are deposited. The ultimate configuration of the bifurcation reflects the influences that bay bathymetry and tidal currents have on outflow inertias. Bifurcations reduce flow efficiency such that eventually the delta channel system cannot transport sediments to areas seaward of the delta. As a result, the smallest channels of the system fill with fine-grained sediment. Channel abandonment and filling prompts the coalescence of small subaerial lobes into larger ones. Coincident with the lobe fusion is the addition of coarse sediment to the landward ends of lobes, resulting in subaerial accretion in an upstream direction.
The eastern Atchafalaya Delta should continue to grow until either all lobes have fused and the major feeder channel, East Pass, is infilled or until flow starts to bypass the system, due to the greater efficiency offered by the navigation channel.
DEFORMATION AND SEDIMENTATION ABOVE AND BELOW MIOCENE SALT DIAPIRS AND THEIR OVERHANGS, NW YEMEN
Authors: DAVISON IAN , BOSENCE DAN , ALSOP IAN , AL-AAWAH MOHAMMED H. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Al Salif and Jabal al Milh salt diapirs of Miocene age cut through a 4 km thick overburden of Miocene to Recent sedimentary rocks in the southern Red Sea. The A1 Salif diapir is a north-south oriented diapiric wall which has caused updoming of the overburden and active extensional and minor reverse faulting. Carbonate reefs deposited at or below mean sea level, with 14C ages of 3,700 a have been raised up to an elevation of 17 m above present day sea level giving an average surface uplift rate of 4.6 mm a-1. There is no evidence for large-scale stoping or injection of salt into overlying faults and fractures, and the upward movement of the salt dome is probably caused by the overburden being forced aside and sliding off the dome.
Adjacent to the Jabal Al-Milh diapir recumbent folding and thrusting are the main deformation features observed in the siltstones and gypsum layers of the overburden. The overburden surrounding the Jabal al Milh salt neck has been rotated to the vertical at least 200 meters from the diapir walls. The folding and thrusting deformation is interpreted to be caused by flow of salt in an overlying and since eroded namakier.
SALT KINEMATICS, DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION, EUGENE ISLAND AND SHIP SHOAL SOUTH ADDITIONS, OFFSHORE LOUISIANA
Authors: HALL DAVID J. , THIES KENNETH J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Detailed interpretation and mapping of more than 10,000 km of 80-fold 8-second recent seismic data and preliminary interpretation of 2500 km of new 15-second, 6 km streamer data provide a new understanding of the kinematic and stratigraphic development of the southern Louisiana shelf. The new data reveal elongated subsalt basins, separated by nearly vertical salt welds and residual salt walls. Sequential back-stripping of balanced depth sections suggests that the walls were initiated by differential loading of overburden depotroughs and grew primarily by down-building. Sand fairways developed between the salt walls with a primary sediment transport direction from the northeast to the southwest. Time structure maps of the MDB (Miocene D. Berggreni) sequence boundary (top of the Miocene) reveal a subsalt and subweld structure disharmonic with a much younger, extremely extended section. The younger section is characterized by backward-rotated hanging walls overlying listric growth-faults. We propose that the original extent of salt sheets emplaced near the sea floor can be defined by the current location of the extended overburden which formed as a result of secondary salt sheet withdrawal. Windows through the residual salt and salt welds, and a few key deep wells which have penetrated the welds provide biostratigraphic control on the timing of the salt/sediment interactions. The vertical welds and walls, coupled with residual salt sheets and horizontal welds, form a network of surfaces separating largely isolated basins. Each basin seems to have developed independently due to varying episodes of local salt motion. The Mahogany discovery, Ship Shoal 349, is an example of sands trapped against the flank of a northeast-trending nearly vertical salt weld. Maps of the former salt sheets associated with salt walls and welds and maps of subsalt structure below the sheets and welds define prospective areas analogous to Mahogany. Additional attractive structures were also localized by salt-sediment interactions.
HOW COMPLICATED IS THE SIMPLIFIED GEOMETRY OF SALT DIAPIRS?
Authors: KOYI HEMIN 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSix rates (overburden accumulation, A’, diapiric rise, R’, extension, Ex’, shortening, Sh’, dissolution, D’, and erosion, Er’), mold the geometry of salt structures. In order to illustrate their influence on salt structures, for the first time, these parameters are shown together in a single plot. These parameters comprise three couples, A’ and Er’, R’ and D’, and Ex’ and Sh’, representing their negative and the positive end members. This work suggests that instead of conventionally representing the molding history of salt diapirs using only A’ and R’ rates, each of their profiles should be represented by a complex plot including all six parameters. To simplify this complex plot, three separate graphs could be plotted: A’ versus R’, A’ versus Ex’, and R’ versus Ex’. The weaknesses of backward modeling from single profiles of asymmetric salt structures can be overcome by using several profiles.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SALT TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION IN THE LOUISIANA OFFSHORE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: ROWAN MARK G. , WEIMER PAUL , MCBRIDE BARRY C. , VARNAI PETER , ACOSTA ZURILMA , BUDHIJANTO FADJAR , MARTINEZ RAFAEL , NAVARRO ALONSO , VILLAMIL TOMAS , FIDUK J. CARL 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTSeismic profiles, well logs, biostratigraphic data, and cross section restorations were integrated to investigate the relationships between salt tectonics and sedimentation in northern Green Canyon, Ewing Bank, and southwestern Eugene Island. Preliminary results address three aspects of salt-sediment interaction.First, minibasins have characteristic stratigraphic stacking patterns that evolve from ponded to bypass settings. The transition may occur entirely within the slope environment or be associated with shelf progradation through the minibasin. The shift can sometimes be related to salt evacuation, and in other cases to regional variations in the location and volume of clastic input.Second, different types of salt bodies have varying bathymetric expressions that may affect sequence thicknesses and facies development: reactive diapirs are overlain by graben at the sea floor; passive diapirs usually create asymmetric highs, with smooth slopes on some flanks and steep scarps on others; and diapirs modified by contraction are marked by broad topographic highs.Third, models of salt sheet emplacement by extrusion at the sea floor have important implications for the spatial and temporal shifting of sedimentation patterns. Salt bodies originally covered by condensed sections become major minibasins, while bathymetric lows that serve as turbidite conduits and depocenters may be overridden by allochthonous salt sheets.Because complex salt/sediment geometries in any area are genetically linked to surrounding basins and salt bodies, the interactions between deformation and sedimentation can be understood only by reconstructing the regional evolution of both salt and sediments. Although a daunting task, such efforts will aid in the exploration for hydrocarbons, especially in the sub-salt province.
Application Of Cretaceous Interior Seaway Outcrop Investigations To Fluvial-Deltaic Reservoir Characterization: Part I, Predicting Reservoir Heterogeneity In Delta Front Sandstones, Ferron Gas Field, Central Utah
Authors: Barton Mark D. 
Published: October 2019

Data collected from outcrops of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone, central Utah, support the theory that stratigraphic heterogeneities are predictable and can be related to position within a stratigraphic cycle (Gardner 1993; Barton 1994; Barton 1995). Specifically, strongly progradational parts of the fluvial-deltaic Ferron system are characterized by mud-rich, internally heterogeneous delta front deposits interpreted to have been rapidly deposited along a river-dominated coastline under conditions of low accommodation and high sediment supply. In contrast, aggradational to retrogradational parts of the system are characterized by sand-rich, internally homogeneous delta front deposits interpreted to have been deposited along a wave-dominated coastline under conditions of relatively high accommodation and low sediment supply.
Data collected from Ferron outcrops was integrated with borehole and production data from the nearby Ferron gas field. The Ferron gas field is located just 5 km to the northwest of outcrops studied and produces largely from the Ferron Sandstone. The description of reservoir architecture within the Ferron gas field was aided by calibrating key surfaces and facies successions identified in borehole data with nearby outcrop equivalents. The gas field is positioned near the seaward extent of the Ferron system and consists of four upward shoaling, shallow marine successions. The basal succession steps strongly basinward, the overlying succession is vertically stacked, and the upper two successions are arranged in a backstepping pattern.
A comparison of sandstone body geometry and cumulative production on a well-by-well basis for each succession illustrates areas of unrecovered gas and styles of reservoir compartmentation. Aggradational and backstepping shallow marine successions contain relatively large reservoir volumes that are effectively contacted and drained by conventional well patterns. Favorable sites for stratigraphic entrapment, however, exist near the landward pinchouts of these successions where they interfinger with lagoonal mudstones. In contrast, offlapping and downstepping shallow-marine successions are highly compartmentalized by marginal marine and marine mudstones. Past completions have contacted only small reservoir volumes. Optimal reservoir drainage within these units may require additional infill wells outside the standard field limits or at intervals less then conventional well spacing. All factors being equal, these types of shallow-marine deposits possess the greatest amount of reserve growth potential.
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENTOLOGY, AND RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS TERRY SANDSTONE, HAMBERT-ARISTOCRAT FIELD, DENVER BASIN, COLORADO
Authors: SLATT ROGER M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
With increased understanding and application of sequence stratigraphic principles to shallow marine and nonmarine strata, many hydrocarbon-producing sandstones in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway that were interpreted in the 1980s as offshore shelf bar sandstones have been reinterpreted in the 1990s as shoreface sandstones. The Terry (Sussex) Sandstone is such a deposit. Prior studies of the Terry Sandstone in Spindle and LaPoudre-Antelope fields suggested a shelf bar origin. This study of the Terry Sandstone in the Hambert-Aristocrat Field, which lies between Spindle and Antelope fields, indicates a shoreface origin.
In Hambert-Aristocrat Field, a sharp-based sequence boundary, interpreted as a “forced regression,” occurs at the base of the Terry Sandstone. Overlying this sequence boundary is a series of at least six stacked shoreface parasequences, each separated by transgressive marine shale. Individual parasequences are comprised mainly of upper shoreface strata toward the southwest (paleo-landward), which grade laterally toward the northeast (paleo-seaward) into lower shoreface to offshore strata. Detailed mapping of individual parasequences reveals complex northwest- and northeast-trending geometries of upper shoreface strata to the southwest, but more orderly northwest-trending geometries of lower shoreface/offshore strata toward the northeast, probably reflecting variations in marine influence. Parasequences step progressively paleo-landward indicating they record periodic relative sea level stillstands within an overall transgressive systems tract.
Permeabilities, which are rarely &gt;5md and generally &lt;2md, are primarily related to sedimentary facies. Upper shoreface sandstone immediately above the sequence boundary is the major oil- and gas-productive interval. Other, non-perforated upper-lower shoreface/offshore strata might constitute additional opportunities for recompletion, directional or targeted infill drilling. Transgressive shales provide the potential for stratigraphic sealing and vertical isolation of individual sandstones.
THE SEDIMENTOLOGY, SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, AND FLUID MIGRATION HISTORY OF NON-MARINE AND SHALLOW MARINE RESERVOIRS, NORTH OF APOI-FUNIWA FIELD, OFFSHORE NIGER DELTA
Authors: WACH G.D. , HOFFMAN M.W. , OGUNYOMI O. , OLEAR S. , COLLING E.L. , FRITZEL T.L. , RUSSO P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The North Apoi-Funiwa field comprises Pliocene and Miocene non-marine and shallow marine sediments offshore of the central Niger River delta. The major sequences, or delta cycles, are controlled by progradation and retrogradation of the Niger delta. Depositional environments of the minor sequences occur on a reservoir scale and comprise a complex mix of shoreface, estuarine, fluvial and delta plain deposits. Sediments deposited along the unstable progradational Niger delta complex were subject to syndepositional slumping and faulting which contributed to field compartmentalization and apparent reservoir heterogeneity.
The field has 7 to 8 producing intervals with reserves of 500-600 Mbo. Enhanced reservoir production can be achieved through rigorous stratigraphic definition of the reservoir intervals within the complex structural overprint. Reservoir compartmentalization and connectivity were defined through detailed core description of physical and biogenic sedimentary structures, well log analysis, and sequence stratigraphic correlation. This provided the framework for geochemical modeling of hydrocarbon migration and entrapment of fluids within reservoir intervals.
Quelques considérations entourant la portée des décisions du Comité des droits de l’Homme
Authors: Delas Olivier , Thouvenot Manon , Bergeron-Boutin Valérie 
Published: October 2019

Qu’il s’agisse de constatations ou d’observations finales, il est généralement admis que les décisions du Comité des droits de l’homme, et plus généralement celles des comités onusiens chargés de surveiller la mise en oeuvre des traités de droits de la personne, ne sont pas contraignantes. De nos jours, il s’agit probablement de la seule réelle différence entre cette quasi-juridiction et les juridictions internationales des droits de la personne : l’absence d’autorité relative de chose jugée de leurs décisions. Toutefois, s’il ne peut être remis en cause que l’acte juridique qu’est cette décision n’est pas contraignant, il convient de nuancer toute approche qui tendrait à leur dénier toute portée obligatoire. En effet, il ressort clairement des travaux préparatoires et des hésitations dont ils ont été l’objet que les États ont écarté la possibilité de s’en remettre aux autorités juridictionnelles des États afin de s’assurer de la mise en oeuvre et du respect des obligations contenues dans le Pacte. Le rejet d’une dépendance nationale au profit d’un contrôle international est évident. L’analyse de ces travaux préparatoires permet de conclure que les États ont entendu ériger une instance internationale à laquelle ils ont certes dénié le caractère de juridiction, mais lui ont reconnu un monopole d’expertise quant à l’interprétation du PIDCP et l’évaluation du respect par les États de leurs obligations. Dès lors, si l’État peut parfaitement passer outre la décision, il semble difficile qu’il en remette en cause ou qu’il lui substitue sa propre évaluation. Par ailleurs, considérant ce monopole d’expertise, si les obligations dont il est question ont également acquis le statut de normes de droit international coutumier ou impératives, non seulement il semble difficile pour l’État de remettre en cause l’évaluation, mais également, d’aller à l’encontre de cette dernière.
L’évolution récente de la démocratisation de l’éducation et le marché scolaire au Québec : quand l’inclusion fait place à la stratification
Authors: Kamanzi Pierre Canisius 
Published: October 2019

L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer que la production et la reproduction des inégalités sociales en éducation au Québec sont le résultat de l’articulation entre les effets de rapports sociaux de pouvoir et d’organisation des politiques publiques en éducation. Une analyse des données longitudinales (N = 24 804) confirme cette hypothèse, révélant que cette articulation s’opère par le biais de la stratification du marché scolaire. En aval, la structure du marché scolaire est un facteur de production des inégalités sociales aux études postsecondaires. En amont, le marché scolaire est caractérisé par une stratification inter et intra établissement, elle-même associé aux caractéristiques sociales de l’élève : l’origine socioéconomique et ethnoculturelle, ainsi que le genre. En conclusion, la persistance de la reproduction des inégalités sociales dans l’enseignement supérieur au Québec s’opère en partie par le biais de la stratification du marché scolaire et la concurrence inter et intra établissement.
Production and Use of Cola Follicles (Cola nitida Vent. Schott & Endl.) Potash in the Formulation of "Kabatôh" in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Daouda Sidibe , Yves Nyamien , Coulibaly Adama , Lassina Dosso , Ysidor Konan , Henri Biego 
Published: October 2019

Aims: The objective of this study was to produce and use potash from kola follicles (Cola nitda) in the formulation of an ethnic or traditional foods namely kabatôh.
Study Design: 17 formulations of kabatôh carried out in the presence of potash were subjected to a sensory analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Biochemistry department of Biosciences Unit, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, running 2019.
Methodology: Kola dried follicles collected from the region of Tonkpi were incinerated after sun dried. Ash obtained was used for the production of potash after maceration (with water), filtration and evaporation. The extracted potash was characterized and used in the kabatôh formulation procedure. Seventeen formulations of kabatôh and the control sample were used as part of a sensory analysis to evaluate the perception of the color, savor, texture and the flavor like their level of appreciation by tasters.
Results: The potash extraction yield determined was 10.23 ± 0.72%, with a basic pH of 11.15 ± 0.05. Results showed that potash moisture content and concentration of potassium hydroxide are 4.15 ± 0.21% and 0.81 ± 0.03 mol/L, respectively. Some of the formulations with potash were appreciated more than 83% by the panelists. The control sample was appreciated by 56.76% of the panel.
Conclusion: The presence of potash improves the organoleptic characteristics of kabatôh. Thus, Kola follicules could be used in the potash production process that represents an interest in food and feed but also in the industrial world.
Survival Time Analysis of Hypertension Patients Using Parametric Models
Authors: Erango Markos Abiso , Gergiso Kabtamu Tolosie , Hebo Sultan Hussen 
Published: October 2019

Background: Hypertension is a worldwide public-health challenge and one of a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death.
Aims: The aim of this study was compare parameter estimations using both Bayesian and classical approaches and to detect out potential factors that affects survival probability of hypertension patient’s under follow up.
Materials and Methods: A simple random sampling technique was used to select 430 patients among a total of 2126 hypertension patients who had been under follow up at Yekatit-12 Hospital in Ethiopia from January 2013 to January 2019. Parametric distributions: Exponential, Weibull, Lognormal and loglogistic are studied to analysis survival probabilities of the patients in both Bayesian and classical approaches. The model selection criteria are employed to identify the model with best fit to the data. Bayesian estimation approach was smaller deviance information criteria as compare to classical estimation approaches for the current data set.
Results and Conclusion: The analysis Bayesian Weibull results indicate that the baseline age of the patient, gender, family history of hypertension, tobacco use, alcohol use, khat intake, blood cholesterol level of the patient, hypertension disease stage, adherence to the treatment and related disease were significantly associated with survival time of hypertension patients. Patients with raised blood Cholesterol level at baseline tend to have shorter survival time as compare to one with normal blood cholesterol level at baseline. Society and all stakeholders should be aware of the consequences of these factors which can influence the survival time of hypertension patients.
Detection of CPV 2a Antigen Type of Canine Parvovirus in the States of Punjab and Assam, India
Authors: Das Himasri , Kaur Gurpreet , Chandra Mudit , Dwivedi P. N. 
Published: October 2019

Aim: Canine Parvovirus (CPV) is an emerging and re-emerging virus of canines. The study was undertaken to analyze VP2 gene of CPV in the isolates from dogs positive for CPV infection.
Methods: The rectal swabs were collected from dogs suspected of CPV and subjected to PCR and nested PCR. The regions compared in the study were Punjab to represent north part of India and Assam to represent north-eastern part of India. The sequence analysis of VP2 gene of CPV was done using NCBI BLAST from the isolates which were positive for CPV by nested PCR. Further, phylogenetic analysis was done to understand the prevailing antigenic type of CPV from northern and north eastern part of India.
Results: The sequence analysis revealed that all the sequences of VP2 gene from the samples had 98-99% homology with Canine Parvovirus and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CPV 2a antigenic type is circulating in both the regions selected in the study.
Conclusions: The present study revealed that CPV 2a is circulating in the regions of Punjab and Assam part of India. Further sequence analysis of VP2 gene from more number of field isolates can throw better light on the prevailing antigenic type of CPV in various parts of India.