bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of neurological monitoring in postoperative 5–15 days residual thyroidectomy after primary thyroid cancer surgery
Authors: Long Miao‐yun , Diao Fei‐yu , Peng Li‐na , Tan Lang‐ping , Zhu Yue , Huang Kai , Li Hong‐hao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the application of intraoperative neurological monitoring in residual thyroidectomy 5–15 days after thyroid cancer operation and the influence on postoperative serum thyroglobulin (Tg), recurrent laryngeal nerve and function of parathyroid glands.MethodsMaterial of patients receiving thyroid surgery from January 2010 to December 2016 was retrospectively analyzed. Cases meeting with standards were enrolled for analysis and the patients were divided into neurological monitoring group and non‐neurological monitoring group in line with the use of neurological monitoring during the operation. Recurrent laryngeal nerve‐injured hoarseness, hypoparathyroidism and concentration of serum Tg before and after the surgery were collected and analyzed.ResultsFour‐hundred and thirty‐five patients met with standards, among which 227 from neurological monitoring group and 208 from non‐neurological monitoring group. Temporary hoarseness rate of non‐neurological monitoring group and neurological monitoring group was 8.67% and 2.2%. Permanent hoarseness rate of non‐neurological monitoring group and neurological monitoring group was 1.92% and 0.44%. Temporary hypoparathyroidism rate of non‐neurological monitoring group and neurological monitoring group was 18.75% and 7.48%. Permanent hypoparathyroidism rate of non‐neurological monitoring group and neurological monitoring group was 1.92% and 0.88%. Average Tg concentration 1 month after the surgery in non‐neurological monitoring group and neurological monitoring group was 2.82 and 1.37 ng/mL, respectively. Rate of average Tg concentration less than 1 ng/mL 1 month after the surgery in non‐neurological monitoring group and neurological monitoring group was 45.06% and 67.4%.ConclusionIntraoperative neurological monitoring can be adopted in residual thyroidectomy in postoperative 5–15 days after primary thyroid cancer surgery, as to reduce incidence rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism and to enhance thorough removal of thyroid tissues and cancer tissues.
Prospective short‐term feasibility study of perioperative suprapubic catheters in laparoscopic colectomy
Authors: Nagao Sayaka , Saida Yoshihisa , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Takahashi Asako , Higuchi Tadashi , Moriyama Hodaka , Niituma Toru , Watanabe Manabu , Asai Koji , Kusachi Shinya 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionHere we report a prospective study on whether a temporary suprapubic catheter (SPC) can be safely inserted as a substitute for transurethral balloon catheterization during laparoscopy‐assisted colectomy.MethodsOur subjects included 52 cases who gave informed consent to have an SPC inserted. These subjects were selected from cases who underwent laparoscopy‐assisted surgery for primary colorectal cancer from October 2014 to August 2015.ResultsAn SPC was inserted into 45 of the original 52 cases. The median surgical duration was 220 min (range, 11–438 min), and the SPC insertion was performed at a median of 133 min (range, 9–384 min) after the start of surgery. Insertion required a median duration of 116 s. In one case (2.2%), the bladder was perforated by the paracentesis needle, and in two cases (4.4%), hematuria was observed at the time of insertion; however, surgery was completed without any incident in these three cases. Six of the remaining 42 cases (13.3%) demonstrated neither micturition desire nor independent urination on the day the catheter was clamped. In these cases, the clamp was released two to four times, and draining of an average of 586‐mL urine, micturition desire, and independent urination were confirmed 2–4 days later.ConclusionTransurethral balloon catheterization is a simple procedure that is commonly used on surgical patients, but it can cause pain, discomfort, and infection. In contrast, SPC insertion is a procedure that avoids crossing the urethra and its associated disadvantages. Here we were able to demonstrate that the procedure can be safely used in laparoscopic surgery patients.
Study of the effect of genotype–environment interaction on age at first calving and production traits in Nellore cattle using multi‐trait reaction norms and Bayesian inference
Authors: de Araujo Neto Francisco Ribeiro , Pegolo Newton Tamassia , Aspilcueta‐Borquis Rusbel Raul , Pessoa Matilde Conceição , Bonifácio Alexandre , Lobo Raysildo Barbosa , de Oliveira Henrique Nunes 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of genotype–environment interaction on yearling weight, age at first calving and post‐weaning weight gain in Nellore cattle using multi‐trait reaction norm models. The environmental gradient was defined as a function of the mean yearling weight of the contemporary groups. A first‐order random regression sire model with four classes of residual variance was used in the analyses and Bayesian methods were applied to estimate the (co)variance components. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.284 to 0.547, 0.222 to 0.316 and 0.256 to 0.522 for yearling weight, age at first calving and post‐weaning weight gain, respectively. The lowest genetic correlations between environment groups for each trait were 0.38, 0.02 and 0.04 for yearling weight, age at first calving and post‐weaning weight gain, respectively. Differences in the correlation estimates were observed between traits in the same environments, with the magnitude of the estimates tending toward zero as the environment improved. The results highlight the importance of including genotype–environment interactions in genetic evaluation programs considering the differences observed between environmental groups not only in terms of heritability, but also of genetic correlations.
Routine Language: Speech Directed to Infants During Home Activities
Authors: Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. , Custode Stephanie , Kuchirko Yana , Escobar Kelly , Lo Tiffany 
Published: May 2018

Everyday activities are replete with contextual cues for infants to exploit in the service of learning words. Nelson's (1985) script theory guided the hypothesis that infants participate in a set of predictable activities over the course of a day that provide them with opportunities to hear unique language functions and forms. Mothers and their firstborn 13‐month‐old infants (N = 40) were video‐recorded during everyday activities at home. Transcriptions and coding of mothers’ speech to infants—time‐locked to activities of feeding, grooming, booksharing, object play, and transition—revealed that the amount, diversity, pragmatic functions, and semantic content of maternal language systematically differed by activity. The activities of everyday life shape language inputs to infants in ways that highlight word meaning.
Collaborating with parents during intervention with parental agreement: Practitioner perspectives on procedural justice
Authors: Venables Jemma , Healy Karen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith growing concerns about the efficacy and costs of intrusive child protection interventions and increasing recognition of citizen rights to participation in governance, jurisdictions are looking to collaborative alternatives that divert families from the courts and out‐of‐home care. In Queensland (Australia), “intervention with parental agreement” (IPA) is one such response. Under IPA, the statutory child protection authority can work collaboratively with families, without a court order, to respond to children assessed as “in need of protection.” In this paper, we use procedural justice theory as a lens to explore how IPA policy is enacted in practice. Procedural justice relates to the quality of treatment a person receives and the fairness of the process than an authority uses during decision‐making (Tyler, ). It is associated with voluntary cooperation and compliance; key practice concerns when working to address child maltreatment via parental agreement rather than court ordered intervention. We report on a qualitative study that utilized semistructured, in‐depth interviews to capture the perceptions of 30 practitioners regarding the factors that shape the extent to which they enact IPA policy in a procedurally fair manner. Strategies for enhancing procedurally just enactment of IPA policy in practice are discussed.
Addressing transboundary conservation challenges through marine spatial prioritization
Authors: Gissi Elena , McGowan Jennifer , Venier Chiara , Carlo Davide Di , Musco Francesco , Menegon Stefano , Mackelworth Peter , Agardy Tundi , Possingham Hugh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Adriatic and Ionian Region is an important area for both strategic maritime development and biodiversity conservation in the European Union (EU). However, given that both EU and non‐EU countries border the sea, multiple legal and regulatory frameworks operate at different scales, which can hinder the coordinated long‐term sustainable development of the region. Transboundary marine spatial planning can help overcome these challenges by building consensus on planning objectives and making the trade‐offs between biodiversity conservation and its influence on economically important sectors more explicit. We address this challenge by developing and testing 4 spatial prioritization strategies with the decision‐support tool Marxan, which meets targets for biodiversity conservation while minimizing impacts to users. We evaluated these strategies in terms of how priority areas shift under different scales of target setting (e.g., regional vs. country level). We also examined the trade‐off between cost‐efficiency and how equally solutions represent countries and maritime industries (n= 14) operating in the region with the protection‐equality metric. We found negligible differences in where priority conservation areas were located when we set targets for biodiversity at the regional versus country scale. Conversely, the prospective impacts on industries, when considered as costs to be minimized, were highly divergent across scenarios and biased the placement of protection toward industries located in isolation or where there were few other industries. We recommend underpinning future marine spatial planning efforts in the region through identification of areas of national significance, transboundary areas requiring cooperation between countries, and areas where impacts on maritime industries require careful consideration of the trade‐off between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic objectives.
Innovation at the Intersection of Clinical Trials and Real‐World Data Science to Advance Patient Care
Authors: Swift Brandon , Jain Lokesh , White Craig , Chandrasekaran Vasu , Bhandari Aman , Hughes Dyfrig A. , Jadhav Pravin R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile efficacy and safety data collected from randomized clinical trials are the evidentiary standard for determining market authorization, this alone may no longer be sufficient to address the needs of key stakeholders (regulators, providers, and payers) and guarantee long‐term success of pharmaceutical products. There is a heightened interest from stakeholders on understanding the use of real‐world evidence (RWE) to substantiate benefit–risk assessment and support the value of a new drug. This review provides an overview of real‐world data (RWD) and related advances in the regulatory framework, and discusses their impact on clinical research and development. A framework for linking drug development decisions with the value proposition of the drug, utilizing pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic–pharmacoeconomic models, is introduced. The summary presented here is based on the presentations and discussion at the symposium entitled Innovation at the Intersection of Clinical Trials and Real‐World Data to Advance Patient Care at the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (ASCPT) 2017 Annual Meeting.
The ideal strategy for cervical cancer screening in Japan: Result from the Fukui Cervical Cancer Screening Study
Authors: Kurokawa T. , Onuma T. , Shinagawa A. , Chino Y. , Kobayashi M. , Yoshida Y. 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionThe aims of the Fukui Cervical Cancer Screening (FCCS) study are to determine the frequency of women with high‐risk HPV (hrHPV), whether HPV16 or HPV18 (HPV16/18), in the Japanese cancer screening population for the first time and to identify the best strategy for cervical cancer screening in Japan.MethodsThis study enrolled 7584 women aged ≥25 years who were undergoing routine screening. All women underwent LBC and cobas HPV tests. Women with abnormal cytology, whether hrHPV positive or negative; women with hrHPV positivity with either normal or abnormal cytology; and women randomly selected from women with normal cytology and negative hrHPV negative were referred for colposcopy.ResultsThe prevalences of hrHPV positivity and HPV16/18 positivity were 6.8% and 1.7%, respectively. The baseline data from the FCCS study showed that the combination of HPV tests and cytology was more sensitive than cytology with respect to the detection of intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse. However, the specificity (94.1%) of the co‐testing strategy that required all women with abnormal cytology or hrHPV positivity to be referred for colposcopy was much lower than that (97.8%) of cytology. The sensitivity and specificity of the co‐testing strategy that required only women with abnormal cytology or HPV16/18 positivity to undergo colposcopy were 85.5% and 97.0%, respectively.ConclusionThe baseline data from the FCCS study suggest that a cervical cancer screening strategy in which only women with abnormal cytology or HPV16/18 positivity undergo colposcopy offers a more balanced sensitivity and specificity than other strategies.
A retrospective observational study of people with Type 1 diabetes with self‐reported severe hypoglycaemia reveals high level of ambulance attendance but low levels of therapy change and specialist intervention
Authors: Field B. C. T. , Nayar R. , Kilvert A. , Baxter M. , Hickey J. , Cummings M. , Bain S. C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of severe hypoglycaemia on NHS resources and overall glycaemic control in adults with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsAn observational, retrospective study of adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with Type 1 diabetes reporting one or more episodes of severe hypoglycaemia during the preceding 24 months in 10 NHS hospital diabetes centres in England and Wales. The primary outcome was healthcare resource utilization associated with severe hypoglycaemia. Secondary outcomes included demographic and clinical characteristics, diabetes control and pathway of care.ResultsSome 140 episodes of severe hypoglycaemia were reported by 85 people during the 2‐year observation period. Ambulances were called in 99 of 140 (71%) episodes and Accident and Emergency attendance occurred in 26 of 140 (19%) episodes, whereas 29 of 140 (21%) episode required no immediate help from healthcare providers. Participants attended a median of 5 (range 0–58) diabetes clinic consultations during the observation period; 13% (70 of 552) of all consultations were severe hypoglycaemia‐related. Of the HbA1c measurements recorded closest prior to severe hypoglycaemia (n = 119), only 7 of 119 measurements were < 48 mmol/mol (< 6.5%) and mean HbA1c was 70 (sd 19) mmol/mol (8.5%, sd 1.7%). Some 119 changes to diabetes treatment were recorded during the observation period (median/person 0;, range 0–11), of which 52 of 119 changes (44%) followed severe hypoglycaemic events.ConclusionsWe observed a high level of ambulance service intervention but surprisingly low levels of hypoglycaemia follow‐up, therapy change and specialist intervention in people self‐reporting severe hypoglycaemia. These results suggest there may be important gaps in care pathways for people with Type 1 diabetes self‐reporting severe hypoglycaemia.
Empagliflozin as adjunct to insulin in Japanese participants with type 1 diabetes: Results of a 4‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase 2 trial
Authors: Shimada Akira , Hanafusa Toshiaki , Yasui Atsutaka , Lee Ganghyuck , Taneda Yusuke , Sarashina Akiko , Shiki Kosuke , George Jyothis , Soleymanlou Nima , Marquard Jan 
Published: May 2018

AimsThis phase 2, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02702011) with 4 sites in Japan investigated the pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety profile of empagliflozin in Japanese participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as adjunctive therapy to insulin.Materials and methodsParticipants using multiple daily injections of insulin for ≥12 months, with HbA1c of 7.5%‐10.0%, entered a 2‐week, open‐label, placebo run‐in period, followed by a 4‐week, double‐blind period during which participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive empagliflozin 2.5 mg (n = 13), empagliflozin 10 mg (n = 12), empagliflozin 25 mg (n = 12) or placebo (n = 11). The primary objective was to assess the effect of empagliflozin vs placebo on urinary glucose excretion (UGE) after 7 days of treatment.ResultsPD: Empagliflozin resulted in a dose‐dependent significant increase in 24‐hour UGE compared with placebo (UGE placebo‐corrected mean [95% confidence interval] change from baseline: 2.5 mg, 65.10 [43.29, 86.90] g/24 h; 10 mg, 81.19 [58.80, 103.58] g/24 h; 25 mg, 98.11 [75.91, 120.31] g/24 h). After 4 weeks of treatment, UGE increase was associated with improved glycaemic control, reduced body weight and decreased insulin needs. Empagliflozin treatment also resulted in dose‐dependent increases in serum ketone bodies and free fatty acids. PK: Plasma empagliflozin levels increased in a dose‐dependent manner and peaked at 1.5 hours. In this short study, empagliflozin was well tolerated, with no increase in rate of hypoglycaemia and no diabetic ketoacidosis events reported.ConclusionsBased on this short‐duration phase 2 study, the PK/PD profile of empagliflozin in Japanese participants with T1DM is comparable to that of non‐Japanese participants.
Automatic change detection and spatial attention: a visual mismatch negativity study
Authors: File Domonkos , Sulykos István , Czigler István 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVisual mismatch negativity (vMMN) is the electrophysiological correlate of automatic detection of unattended changes in the visual environment. However, vMMNs’ relatedness to spatial attention has not been explicitly tested. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of spatial attention on the vMMN event‐related potential component. To this end, participants were instructed to fixate and attend to task‐related stimuli. In an oddball sequence, offset stimuli were applied, i.e., from time‐to time, the two sides of permanently presented objects disappeared. Distance between the task‐related and unrelated events resulted in the typical finding of spatial attention; the amplitude of the N1 component was larger at the shorter distance between the two kinds of events. VMMN was elicited by the deviant vanishing parts, with no reliable effect of distance between the task‐field and vMMN‐related stimuli. In terms of the difference potentials, vMMN was followed by a positive posterior component in the 270–330 ms range. This positivity was much larger when the task‐field was close to vMMN‐related stimuli. The reappearance of the vanishing parts was also investigated. The reappearance of the whole objects after a deviant offset elicited vMMN but only when the task‐field was close to the oddball sequence. We concluded that infrequently vanishing parts of objects are detected automatically. However, these deviant events initiate orientation only if the objects are close to the field of task‐relevant events. Similarly, automatic registration of the rare but expected events are registered only in the visual field close to the focus of attention.
Rapid detection of alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oil‐contaminated soil with visible near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Douglas R. K. , Nawar S. , Alamar M. C. , Coulon F. , Mouazen A. M. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryRecent developments and applications of rapid measurement tools (RMTs) such as visible near‐infrared (vis–NIR) spectroscopy confirmed that these technologies can provide ‘fit for purpose’ and cost‐effective data for risk assessment and management of oil‐contaminated sites. Although vis–NIR spectroscopy has been used frequently to predict total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), it has had limited use for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and there has been none for alkanes. In the present study, the potential of vis–NIR spectroscopy (350–2500 nm) to measure PAHs and alkanes in 85 fresh (wet, unprocessed) oil‐contaminated soil samples collected from three sites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, was evaluated. The vis–NIR signal and alkanes and PAHs measured in the laboratory by sequential ultrasonic solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) were then used to develop calibration models using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forest (RF) modelling tools. Prior to model development, the pre‐processed spectra were divided into calibration (75%) and prediction (25%) sets. Results showed that the prediction performance of RF calibration models for both alkanes (a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.58, a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 53.95 mg kg−1 and a residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 1.59) and PAHs (R2 = 0.71, RMSEP = 0.99 mg kg−1 and RPD = 1.99) outperformed PLSR (R2 = 0.36, RMSEP = 66.66 mg kg−1 and RPD = 1.29, and R2 = 0.56, RMSEP = 1.21 mg kg−1 and RPD = 1.55, respectively). The RF modelling approach accounted for nonlinearity of the soil spectral responses and therefore resulted in considerably greater prediction accuracy than the linear PLSR. Adoption of vis–NIR spectroscopy coupled with RF is recommended for rapid and cost‐effective assessment of PAHs and alkanes in contaminated soil.Highlights

We evaluated the potential of vis–NIR to estimate alkanes and PAHs in oil‐contaminated soil.
The prediction performance of RF models was better than PLSR models for both alkanes and PAHs.
The spectral response to alkanes and PAHs in soil embodies considerable non‐linearity.
Results suggest that RF‐vis–NIR is a promising tool for rapid in situ assessment of soil alkanes and PAHs.
Does Firing a CEO Pay Off?
Authors: Alexandridis George , Doukas John A. , Mavis Christos P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe examine whether involuntary chief executive officer (CEO) replacements pay off by improving firm prospects. We find CEO successors’ acquisition investments to be associated with significantly higher shareholder gains relative to their predecessors and the average CEO. This improvement in postturnover acquisition performance appears to be a function of board independence, hedge fund ownership, and the new CEO's relative experience. CEO successors also create sizable shareholder value by reversing prior investments through asset disposals and discontinuing operations and by employing more efficient investment strategies. Our evidence suggests that firing a CEO pays off.