bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spanning trees in randomly perturbed graphs
Authors: Joos Felix , Kim Jaehoon 
Published: October 2019

A classical result of Komlós, Sárközy, and Szemerédi states that every n‐vertex graph with minimum degree at least (1/2 + o(1))n contains every n‐vertex tree with maximum degree . Krivelevich, Kwan, and Sudakov proved that for every n‐vertex graph Gα with minimum degree at least αn for any fixed α > 0 and every n‐vertex tree T with bounded maximum degree, one can still find a copy of T in Gα with high probability after adding O(n) randomly chosen edges to Gα. We extend the latter results to trees with (essentially) unbounded maximum degree; for a given and α > 0, we determine up to a constant factor the number of random edges that we need to add to an arbitrary n‐vertex graph with minimum degree αn in order to guarantee with high probability a copy of any fixed n‐vertex tree with maximum degree at most Δ.
Simultaneous confidence intervals for ratios with application to the gold standard design with more than one experimental treatment
Authors: Schmidt Sylvia , Brannath Werner 
Published: October 2019

Considering a study design with two experimental treatments, a reference treatment and a placebo, we extend a previous approach considering the ratios of effects to a procedure for analyzing multiple ratios. The technical framework for constructing tests and compatible simultaneous confidence intervals is set in a general manner. Besides a single step procedure and its extension to a stepdown procedure, also, an informative stepwise procedure in the spirit of our previous work is developed. The latter is especially interesting, because noninferiority studies require informative confidence intervals to infer more information than just noninferiority at the prespecified margin. Results from a simulation study for the three methods are shown. We also argue that an extension to more than two experimental treatments is straightforward.
An enigmatic new ungulate‐like mammal from the early Eocene of India
Authors: Zack Shawn P. , Rose Kenneth D. , Holbrook Luke T. , Kumar Kishor , Rana Rajendra S. , Smith Thierry 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report a new genus and species of herbivorous mammal, Pahelia mysteriosa, from the early Eocene Cambay Shale Formation, Tadkeshwar Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India. The new taxon, approximately the size of a small phenacodontid (e.g. Ectocion parvus), is represented by three mandibular fragments, the most complete of which documents nearly the entire symphysis and mandibular body plus P3–M3. Pahelia has incipiently selenolophodont molars with strong exodaenodonty, absent paraconids, weak but distinct entolophids, and prominent ectostylids. Molar size increases distally, but M3 does not develop a prominent third lobe. Premolars are simple, with prominent protoconids and short talonids but little development of other trigonid cusps. The mandibular symphysis is strongly fused, and there is an enlarged alveolus for an anterior tooth. The combination of features present in the new taxon does not closely match that of any known mammal, but there are some similarities to a diversity of ungulates from Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. Preserved morphology is insufficient to assess the affinities of the new taxon with confidence, but a link to Quettacyonidae, also endemic to the Indian subcontinent, is morphologically and biogeographically plausible. If this scenario is correct, it suggests that P. mysteriosa could be a part of the endemic mammalian fauna of India prior to its initial faunal contact with Asia.
Epidermal growth factor receptor-extracellular-regulated kinase blockade upregulates TRIM32 signaling cascade and promotes neurogenesis after spinal cord injury
Authors: Xue Weiwei , Zhao Yannan , Xiao Zhifeng , Wu Xianming , Ma Dezun , Han Jin , Li Xing , Xue Xiaoyu , Yang Ying , Fang Yongxiang , Fan Caixia , Liu Sumei , Xu Bai , Han Sufang , Chen Bing , Zhang Haipeng , Fan Yongheng , Liu Weiyuan , Dong Qun , Dai Jianwu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNerve regeneration is blocked after spinal cord injury (SCI) by a complex myelin-associated inhibitory (MAI) microenvironment in the lesion site; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. During the process of neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation, pathway inhibitors were added to quantitatively assess the effects on neuronal differentiation. Immunoprecipitation and lentivirus-induced overexpression were used to examine effects in vitro. In vivo, animal experiments and lineage tracing methods were used to identify nascent neurogenesis after SCI. In vitro results indicated that myelin inhibited neuronal differentiation by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. Subsequently, we found that tripartite motif (TRIM) 32, a neuronal fate-determining factor, was inhibited. Moreover, inhibition of EGFR-ERK promoted TRIM32 expression and enhanced neuronal differentiation in the presence of myelin. We further demonstrated that ERK interacts with TRIM32 to regulate neuronal differentiation. In vivo results indicated that EGFR-ERK blockade increased TRIM32 expression and promoted neurogenesis in the injured area, thus enhancing functional recovery after SCI. Our results showed that EGFR-ERK blockade antagonized MAI of neuronal differentiation of NSCs through regulation of TRIM32 by ERK. Collectively, these findings may provide potential new targets for SCI repair.
Core‐Shell Type Semiconducting Heterostructures for Visible Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Ganguli Ashok Kumar , Das Anirban , Natarajan Kalithasan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis personal account highlights a part of the work done over the years in our group towards directed synthesis of morphologically controlled nanostructures. We begin with our efforts on the synthesis of families of nanostructured metal oxides and metal oxalates of well‐defined morphology using low temperature microemulsion and hydrothermal techniques. The parameters that govern the morphology in these syntheses e. g. choice of solvent and temperature are described. We then discuss nanostructures with core‐shell architecture and specifically their utilization to harvest visible light for photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical applications. The techniques described to utilize visible light include sensitizing wide bandgap semiconductors using 1) appropriate narrow bandgap materials and 2) metals that have surface plasmon resonance active bands. The reports are classified according to morphology with spherical, cubes and rods discussed in separate sections. A discussion of recent reports by other groups on core‐shell structures of similar composition as well as future directions and perspectives are presented at the end.
Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway
Authors: Strand Geir-Harald , Hansen Inger , de Boon Auvikki , Sandström Camilla 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We investigated the impact of Norway’s current zonal carnivore management system for four large carnivore species on sheep farming. Sheep losses increased when the large carnivores were reintroduced, but has declined again after the introduction of the zoning management system. The total number of sheep increased outside, but declined slightly inside the management zones. The total sheep production increased, but sheep farming was still lost as a source of income for many farmers. The use of the grazing resources became more extensive. Losses decreased because sheep were removed from the open outfield pastures and many farmers gave up sheep farming. While wolves expel sheep farming from the outfield grazing areas, small herds can still be kept in fenced enclosures. Bears are in every respect incompatible with sheep farming. Farmers adjust to the seasonal and more predictable behavior of lynx and wolverine, although these species also may cause serious losses when present. The mitigating efforts are costly and lead to reduced animal welfare and lower income for the farmers, although farmers in peri-urban areas increasingly are keeping sheep as an avocation. There is a spillover effect of the zoning strategy in the sense that there is substantial loss of livestock to carnivores outside, but geographically near the management zones. The carnivore management policy used in Norway is a reasonably successful management strategy when the goal is to separate livestock from carnivores and decrease the losses, but the burdens are unequally distributed and farmers inside the management zones are at an economic disadvantage.
Prognostic Impact of Osteopenia in Patients Who Underwent Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Toshima Takeo , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Kosai‐Fujimoto Yukiko , Inokuchi Shoichi , Yoshiya Shohei , Takeishi Kazuki , Itoh Shinji , Harada Noboru , Ikegami Toru , Soejima Yuji , Mori Masaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOsteopenia, loss of bone mineral density (BMD), was recently identified to be independently associated with early marker of deconditioning that precedes sarcopenia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of osteopenia as the risk factor for mortality after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) compared with already‐reported biological markers.MethodsData were collected retrospectively for all consecutive patients who underwent LDLT for HCC at our institution between January 1998 and December 2015. BMD was evaluated with computed tomographic measurement of pixel density in the midvertebral core of the 11th thoracic vertebra. Data related to clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were analyzed.ResultsThe median value of BMD was 163.6 Hounsfield units and osteopenia was identified in 103 (53.4%) of the 193 recipients, according to the age‐specific formula. In addition to the other tumor burdens, such as tumor numbers ≥5 (HR 2.521, P = 0.027), DCP levels >200 mAU/mL (HR 2.678, P = 0.006), and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio ≥3.01 (HR 2.068, P = 0.025), osteopenia (HR 2.106, P = 0.024) was independent risk factor for mortality by multivariate analysis. Overall survival of the patients who met the two risk factors and more was significantly lower than the others (HR 5.382, P < 0.001). Besides, the calibration plot for the 5‐year overall survival using nomogram was predicted very well (C‐index 0.746).ConclusionsPreoperative osteopenia was independently associated with post‐LDLT mortality among patients with HCC. Moreover, risk score and nomogram with calibration curve were developed to confirm the clinical usefulness of osteopenia for post‐LDLT patients.
The cytokine alterations/abnormalities and oxidative damage in the pancreas during hypertension development
Authors: Kozłowska Anna , Wojtacha Paweł , Majewski Michał , Równiak Maciej 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the content of cytokines, chemokines, and oxidative stress markers in the pancreas of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKYs) serving as controls. Enzyme-like immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biochemical methods were used to measure pancreatic levels of interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, RANES, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, malondialdehyde, and sulfhydryl groups. The results showed that the pancreatic concentrations of all studied cytokines and chemokines did not differ between 5-week-old SHRs and WKYs, except RANTES which was significantly reduced in juvenile SHRs. In 10-week-old animals, except interleukin-1ß, the levels of all these proteins were significantly reduced in SHRs. The pancreatic levels of malondialdehyde were significantly reduced in 5-week-old SHRs and significantly elevated in 10-week-old SHRs while the contents of sulfhydryl groups were similar in both rat strains at any age studied. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that in maturating SHRs, the pancreatic levels of cytokines and chemokines are significantly reduced, while malondialdehyde significantly elevated. This suggests that in the pancreas of mature SHRs, the inflammation process is suppressed but there is ongoing oxidative damage.
Climate warming may affect the optimal timing of reproduction for migratory geese differently in the low and high Arctic
Authors: Lameris Thomas K. , de Jong Margje E. , Boom Michiel P. , van der Jeugd Henk P. , Litvin Konstantin E. , Loonen Maarten J. J. E. , Nolet Bart A. , Prop Jouke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRapid climate warming is driving organisms to advance timing of reproduction with earlier springs, but the rate of advancement shows large variation, even among populations of the same species. In this study, we investigated how the rate of advancement in timing of reproduction with a warming climate varies for barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) populations breeding at different latitudes in the Arctic. We hypothesized that populations breeding further North are generally more time constrained and, therefore, produce clutches earlier relative to the onset of spring than southern populations. Therefore, with increasing temperatures and a progressive relief of time constraint, we expected latitudinal differences to decrease. For the years 2000–2016, we determined the onset of spring from snow cover data derived from satellite images, and compiled data on egg laying date and reproductive performance in one low-Arctic and two high-Arctic sites. As expected, high-Arctic geese laid their eggs earlier relative to snowmelt than low-Arctic geese. Contrary to expectations, advancement in laying dates was similar in high- and low-Arctic colonies, at a rate of 27% of the advance in date of snowmelt. Although advancement of egg laying did not fully compensate for the advancement of snowmelt, geese laying eggs at intermediate dates in the low Arctic were the most successful breeders. In the high Arctic, however, early nesting geese were the most successful breeders, suggesting that high-Arctic geese have not advanced their laying dates sufficiently to earlier springs. This indicates that high-Arctic geese especially are vulnerable to negative effects of climate warming.
Clinical feasibility and safety of third space robotic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors dissection
Authors: Shi Feiyu , Li Yingchao , Pan Yanglin , Sun Qi , Wang Guanghui , Yu Tianyu , Shi Chengxin , Li Yaguang , Xia Hongping , She Junjun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Surgical management of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) has evolved towards minimal invasiveness. Laparoscopic wedge resection and laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery had been considered as standard surgical treatments for gastric GISTs > 2 cm. However, stomach deformation and the full-thickness gastric defect caused by these procedures may increase the risk of morbidity. To address these problems, we developed a novel technique, third space robotic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (TS-RECS), which could dissect the tumor entirely while preserving the intact mucosal layer. Here we performed a prospective evaluation of the feasibility and safety of TS-RECS.

Methods
Patients with gastric GISTs were recruited between April 2018 and April 2019. During the operation, the gastric GIST was located by endoscopic view firstly and the submucosal injection was performed. The tumor was then dissected through robotic surgery. Clinicopathological characteristics, operative data, adverse events, and follow-ups were prospectively collected and analyzed.

Results
A total of 20 patients with gastric GISTs received TS-RECS. The mean tumor size was 33.0 ± 7.3 mm. R0 resection was achieved in all patients with a median operation time of 115 min and a median blood loss of 20 ml. The integrity of mucosal layer was maintained in 95% (19/20) of the patients. All patients started oral diet on postoperative day 1 or 2, staying in the hospital for a median of 6 days after surgery. There were no major adverse events. Local or distant recurrences were not observed during a median follow-up period of 10 months.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that TS-RECS appears to be a feasible and safe technique which could be an alternative method for resecting gastric GISTs > 2 cm.

Clinical Trials
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03804762.
Finite point sets in recognizing location and orientation of machine parts of complex shapes
Authors: Stryczek Roman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the article, a method of recognizing the position, location and orientation of irregular machine parts with a complex outline of the external contour is suggested. Recognition is performed on the basis of a raster image that has undergone preliminary processing in a vision system. The developed method is based on matching the finite set of points retrieved from the external contour of the classified object. The originality of the approach consists of the form of the object pattern taken into account in determining the degree of similarity to reference objects. The similarity index was defined in the category of fuzzy sets. A cellular automaton has been proposed to generate the outline of the perimeter quickly while simultaneously smoothing it out. The process chain necessary for the recognition function to be implemented has been presented. The developed method has been illustrated with an example related to recognizing the position, location and orientation of a rear wheel pin. The results were compared to the classic Blair-Bliss, Danielsson and Haralick shape coefficients. The sensitivity of the developed method to a change in the scale and rotating the object as well as errors in outlining its edge has been tested. The obtained results confirmed the advantageous features of the developed method, both in the aspect of the recognition quality and the practically viable time of waiting for the results of processing.
Flow with nanoparticle clustering controlled by optical forces in quartz glass nanoslits
Authors: Tsuji Tetsuro , Matsumoto Yuki , Kawano Satoyuki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate nanoparticle flow control using an optical force in a confined nanospace. Using nanofabrication technologies, all-quartz-glass nanoslit channels with a sudden contraction are developed. Because the nanoslit height is comparable to the nanoparticle diameter, the motion of particles is restricted in the channel height direction, resulting in almost two-dimensional particle motion. The laser irradiates at the entrance of the sudden contraction channel, leading the trapped nanoparticles to form a cluster. As a result, the translocation of nanoparticles into the contraction channel is suppressed. Because the particle translocation restarts when the laser irradiation is stopped, we can control the nanoparticle flow into the contraction channel by switching the trapping and release of particles, realizing an intermittent flow of nanoparticles. Such a particle flow control technique in a confined nanospace is expected to improve the functions of nanofluidic devices by transporting a target material selectively to a desired location in the device.
Detection of background thermal neutrons in a modified low-background germanium gamma-ray spectrometer
Authors: Mietelski Jerzy W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the detection of background neutrons using the 558.4 keV gamma line emitted from excited 114Cd nuclei after neutron induced processes. Stable cadmium and 60 L water moderator were placed inside low background shield of high purity germanium (HPGe) based spectrometer. The method was applied to study diurnal mean variation of background neutron flux. For this purpose 1 h gamma background spectra of modified HPGe spectrometer were collected subsequently for 50.5 days and then summed in 24-h-cycle. Results for the 558.4 keV line are presented along with those of main background lines. The total gamma-ray spectrum was also analysed and results are presented and discussed. No cyclic structure was noticed for all examited lines but 2223 keV, for which some day-night effect is suggested to exist. Test of another moderator made of 108 kg of graphite was done, but the results obtained with water are more promising.
Long noncoding RNA CASC2c inhibited cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma by inactivated ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Li Q. Y. , Yang K. , Liu F. G. , Sun X. G. , Chen L. , Xiu H. , Liu X. S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in tumorigenesis, but their biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Alternative splicing of five exons results in three transcript variants of cancer susceptibility 2 (CASC2): the lncRNAs CASC2a, CASC2b, and CASC2c. CASC2a/b have been found to have crucial regulatory functions in a number of malignancies, but few studies have examined the effects of CASC2c in cancers. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of CASC2c in the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

Methods
This study first investigated the expression levels of CASC2c in tumor tissues, corresponding non-tumor tissues and cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The function and underlying molecular mechanism of CASC2c in human HCC were investigated in QGY-7703 cell line, as well as in gastric cancer (GC) cell and colorectal cancer (CRC) cell.

Results
In the present work, we observed that CASC2c was significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues and cells. Moreover, its overexpression remarkably inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and promoted their apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CASC2c overexpression decreased p-ERK1/2 levels in HCC, GC, and CRC cells. Interestingly, while overexpression of CASC2c decreased β-catenin expression in HCC and GC cells, it increased that in CRC cells.

Conclusion
The lncRNA–CASC2c has a vital role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, and may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target in cancer treatment via down-regulation of the ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
Error analysis of adsorption isotherm models for penicillin G onto magnesium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Rahdar Somayeh , Rahdar Abbas , Khodadadi Mina , Ahmadi Shahin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The adsorption of penicillin G (PC-G) from aqueous solution by magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles has been investigated. This experimental study was conducted in a laboratory scale. The effects of various operating parameters such as pH (3–11), the dosage of MgO nanoparticles (0.3–1.5 g/L), contact time (20–150 min), and concentration of PC-G (50–200 mg/L) were studied. The results showed that under optimal conditions of concentration of 50 mg/L, pH 3, MgO nanoparticles dosage of 1.5 g/L and contact time of 60 min, the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of PC-G adsorption on MgO nanoparticles obtained was 25.66 mg/g. The process of penicillin G adsorption on MgO nanoparticles was found to depend on Langmuir (II) and Langmuir (III) adsorption isotherm models. It could be concluded that the MgO nanoparticles can be used for PC-G removal from its aqueous solution.