bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Areal dependency of consonant inventories
Authors: Nikolaev Dmitry 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of linguistic contact on the make-up of consonantal inventories of the languages of Eurasia. New measures for studying the importance of language contact for the development of phonological inventories are proposed, and two empirical studies are reported. First, using two different measures of dissimilarity of phonemic inventories (the Jaccard dissimilarity measure and the novel Closest-Relative Cumulative Jaccard Dissimilarity measure), it is demonstrated that language contact—operationalized as languages being connected by an edge in a neighbor network—makes a significant contribution to between-inventory differences when phylogenetic variables are controlled for. Second, a novel measure of the exposure of a language to a particular segment—the Neighbor-Pressure Metric (NPM)—is proposed as a means of quantifying language contact with respect to phonological inventories. It is shown that addition of NPM helps achieve higher prediction accuracy than using bare phylogenetic data and that distributions of different consonants display a different degree of dependence on language-contact processes. Finally, more complex models for predicting consonant inventories are briefly explored, demonstrating the presence of complex non-linear relationships between inventories of neighboring languages.
Dynamic preferences and self-actuation of changes in language dynamics
Authors: Michaud Jérôme 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A puzzling fact about linguistic norms is that they are mainly stable, but the conventional variant sometimes changes. These transitions seem to be mostly S-shaped and, therefore, directed. Previous models have suggested possible mechanisms to explain these directed changes, mainly based on a bias favoring the innovative variant. What is still debated is the origin of such a bias. In this paper, we propose a refined taxonomy of mechanisms of language change and identify a family of mechanisms explaining self-actuated language changes. We exemplify this type of mechanism with the preference-based selection mechanism that relies on agents having dynamic preferences for different variants of the linguistic norm. The key point is that if these preferences align through social interactions, then new changes can be actuated even in the absence of external triggers. We present results of a multi-agent model and demonstrate that the model produces trajectories that are typical of language change.
Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent
Authors: VENUGOPAL AKHIL S. , THOMAS SABU K. 
Published: May 2019

Key to the 22 species of genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 of Indian subcontinent with diagnostic characters, notes, new synonyms, distribution patterns and record of two new species—Pheropsophus devagiriensis sp. nov. and P. indicus sp. nov.—from south west India are provided. Synonymisation of Pheropsophus discicollis (Dejean 1826) with Pheropsophus hilaris (Fabricius 1798) syn. nov., clearing the complications regarding the taxonomy of P. hilaris and P. sobrinus by tracking down the type series of P. hilaris, and reinstating the species status of Pheropsophus sobrinus (Dejean 1826) are the other outcomes of the present study. Out of the 22 species recorded in India, 14 species are confined to Oriental realm and rest of the eight species penetrates into the Palearctics also; 10 (of the 22) are endemic to Indian subcontinent with P. indicus sp. nov. endemic to south western India; P. devagiriensis sp. nov. endemic to the Western Ghats; P. andrewesi, P. krichna and P. prophylax are endemic to the Indo-Burma; and P. nanodes and P. scythropus are endemic to the Eastern Himalayas.
The psychological health of 207 near-centenarians (95–99) and centenarians from the Sydney Centenarian Study
Authors: Cheng Adrian , Leung Yvonne , Crawford John D , Harrison Fleur , Sachdev Perminder , Brodaty Henry 
Published: May 2019

Objective: While near-centenarians (95–99) and centenarians are the fastest growing sectors of the population in many countries, few studies have investigated their psychological health. We aimed to compare levels of psychological distress and life satisfaction in individuals aged 95 or above (95+) with younger age groups and identify the factors associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction in near-centenarians and centenarians. Methods: We assessed the physical, cognitive, social and psychological health of 207 participants aged 95+ in the Sydney Centenarian Study. Psychological distress and life satisfaction were rated on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and Satisfaction with Life Scale, respectively. Cross-sectional univariate comparisons were performed with participants aged 70–90 years from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Factors associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction among Sydney Centenarian Study participants were examined using multiple regression analyses. Results: In Sydney Centenarian Study and Memory and Ageing Study, mean K10 scores were 15.3 (±5.9) and 13.4 (±3.6), and clinical levels of psychological distress (K10 ⩾ 20) were 19% and 7%, respectively. Sydney Centenarian Study participants demonstrated significantly higher levels and rates of psychological distress ( t = 3.869, p < 0.001; χ2 = 27.331, p < 0.001). In Sydney Centenarian Study, more psychotropic medications and having fewer relatives and friends were associated with higher psychological distress. Sydney Centenarian Study participants reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction than Memory and Ageing Study participants, mean scores 6.0 (±1.5) and 5.6 (±1.3); t = 5.835, p < 0.001. Lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores and having fewer relatives and friends were associated with lower life satisfaction in Sydney Centenarian Study. Conclusion: Despite showing higher levels of psychological distress in the prior 4 weeks than younger age groups, near-centenarians and centenarians remained highly satisfied with their overall lives. The identification of risk and protective factors for psychological distress and life satisfaction provides opportunities for interventions to maintain good psychological health in this vulnerable population.
Income Convergence and the Flow Out of Poverty in Rural India
Authors: Barrientos Q. Paola A. , Blunch Niels-Hugo , Datta Gupta Nabanita 
Published: May 2019

This article explores the income growth and poverty of rural Indian households, 1994–2005. The estimation strategy consists, first, of a convergence analysis to examine whether poor households are catching up in terms of income, which is then followed by a transition analysis to examine whether poor households are more likely to exit poverty than to remain poor—that is, to essentially test for whether poverty traps are escapable. The identification strategy explicitly addresses issues pertaining to the potential endogeneity and measurement error of initial income and poverty. We find evidence of both income convergence and poverty persistence, but with a higher probability of exiting poverty than of the remaining poor. This suggests that poverty traps, though existent, are not entrapping in rural India. The key variables driving these results are education, occupation and asset ownership. Finally, we discuss the policy implications and provide directions for future research in this area. JEL Codes: I32, J15, O15, O18, O47, Z12, Z13
Prediction of the induction to delivery time interval in vaginal dinoprostone-induced labor: a retrospective study in a Chinese tertiary maternity hospital
Authors: Zhao Lei , Lin Ying , Jiang Tingting , Wang Ling , Li Min , Wang Ying , Sun Guoqiang , Xiao Mei 
Published: May 2019

Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential factors that affect the induction to delivery time interval in women undergoing induction of labor with a controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal insert. Methods Pregnant women who presented for delivery at Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to August 2016 were recruited. Finally, 1265 women who underwent labor induction with a vaginal dinoprostone (PGE2) insert were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to estimate the relevant risks for delivery time. Results Among the1265 subjects, the mean delivery time was 18.92 ± 12.50 hours. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that fetal weight, an obstetric complication (premature rupture of the membranes), and the delivery history were significantly associated with the induction to delivery time. Biparietal diameter was related to the vaginal delivery time in univariate analysis, but there was no significant difference after adjustment in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Vaginal dinoprostone is an effective method for successful induction of labor. Gestational age, parity, and fetal weight are major factors that predict the induction to delivery time interval.
Retrospective comparison of efficacy and safety of CAPOX and FOLFOX regimens as adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III colon cancer
Authors: Degirmencioglu Serkan , Tanrıverdi Ozgur , Demiray Atike Gokcen , Senol Hande , Dogu Gamze Gokoz , Yaren Arzu 
Published: May 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) and 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) regimens as adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III colon cancer. Methods A total of 243 patients who received CAPOX and FOLFOX chemotherapy between 2014 and 2018 for stage III colon cancer in two centers were retrospectively studied. Among the patients, 106 (43.6%) and 137 (56.4%) were treated using CAPOX and FOLFOX regimens, respectively. Efficacy, treatment-related side effects, and overall survival rates with these two regimens were compared. Results The rate of disease progression was significantly higher in the presence of moderately/poorly differentiated histology, and KRAS and NRAS mutations. An increased number of metastatic lymph nodes and prolonged time from surgery to chemotherapy significantly increased disease progression. Patients who received CAPOX were significantly older than those who received FOLFOX. Disease progression, metastasis, and mortality rates were significantly higher in the FOLFOX arm than in the CAPOX arm. There was no significant difference in the overall survival rate between the two regimens. Conclusion The CAPOX regimen is preferred in older patients. Disease progression, metastasis, and mortality rates are higher with FOLFOX than with CAPOX.
Critical Review of Theory Use in Breastfeeding Interventions
Authors: Bai Yeon K. , Lee Soyoung , Overgaard Kaitlin 
Published: May 2019

Background: Numerous efforts to promote breastfeeding resulted in a steady increase in the rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration. Increasing numbers of breastfeeding interventions are focused on breastfeeding maintenance and exclusivity and based on behavioral theories. Few studies critically analyzed the use of theories in breastfeeding intervention development and evaluation. Research aim: The aim of this critical review was to examine the existing literature about breastfeeding intervention, and investigate the role of theory in its development, implementation, and evaluation to provide future directions and implications for breastfeeding interventions. Methods: This critical review examined the existing breastfeeding intervention studies that used self-efficacy theories (SE), theory of planned behavior (TPB), and social cognitive theory (SCT) and were published during the past decade. Using five databases, studies in which researchers explicitly applied these three theories to frame the intervention were selected. Studies were critically reviewed for fidelity to theory in intervention design, delivery, and evaluation. Results: Eighteen studies were reviewed: nine SE-, five TPB-, and four SCT-based. Most interventions were focused on building mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy to improve breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. To achieve this goal, researchers who developed SE-based interventions used individual approaches, whereas other researchers who based studies on TPB incorporated social and environmental changes. SE-based studies were more likely to include theory-based instruments, but TPB- and SCT-based studies demonstrated less consistent choices of measurement. Researchers in most studies did not test the relationships between the proposed theoretical constructs and breastfeeding outcomes as guided by theories. Inconsistent outcomes resulted among the studies due to variations in study follow-ups. Conclusion: Sound applications of single or multiple theories demonstrate a great potential to help practitioners and researchers develop effective breastfeeding interventions and evaluate true impacts on positive breastfeeding outcomes.
A Curriculum in Quality Improvement for Interprofessional Palliative Care Trainees
Authors: Lakin Joshua R. , Brannen Elise N. , Bernacki Rachelle E. , Jones Emma 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: A structured and intentional approach to quality improvement is critical for clinicians specializing in palliative care and is a required component of training programs. Methods: We present a multimodal, comprehensive curriculum for teaching quality improvement to interdisciplinary trainees in palliative care. Results: The curriculum consists of 4 sessions, one and half hours long a piece, that focus on the purpose and practice of quality improvement and guide learners through a team-based project implementation experience. Course assessments demonstrate satisfaction with the course and improvement in targeted skills, knowledge, and attitudes. Discussion: Several key learnings stand out from our experience with this curriculum as central to the experience of students: project work completed as interdisciplinary teams, varying teaching methodologies over a longitudinal curriculum, and the opportunity for formal presentation of their work.
Impact of intraoperative femoral fractures in primary hip arthroplasty: a comparative study with a mid-term follow-up
Authors: Ferbert Thomas , Jaber Ayham , Gress Nathan , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Gotterbarm Tobias , Merle Christian 
Published: May 2019

Background: Intraoperative femoral fractures (IFF) during primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) pose a major clinical challenge, and data on mid-term implant performance, functional outcome and patient satisfaction is limited. Methods: 50 patients who sustained IFFs during primary THA were retrospectively reviewed. A control group of patients who received a primary THA without complications was matched according to gender, age, body mass index and indication for THA. Both groups were followed-up for a minimum duration of 2 years. Average follow-up duration was 5.6 years (range 2–11.8 years) for the fracture group and 6 years (range 4.1–8.3 years) for the control group respectively. The following parameters were assessed and compared: stem revision, Harris Hip Score improvement, pain scale improvement, WOMAC, Tegner Score, UCLA, SF-36, forgotten joint score and patient satisfaction. Results: There were no stem revisions in the fracture group and 1 stem revision in the control group. Stem survival was 100% and 98.1% respectively ( p = 0.447). The mean improvement in Harris hip score was 35.3 and 44.8 respectively. Significantly lower Harris Hip score improvement ( p = 0.021) and patient satisfaction ( p = 0.01) were observed in the fracture group. All other acquired parameters did not show significant differences. Conclusion: Intraoperative fractures of the proximal femur are a relevant complication that does not lead to higher revision rates but might worsen the functional outcome and negatively impact patient satisfaction in mid-term follow-up even if treated appropriately.
Hip Arthrodesis: Present Evaluations
Authors: Andreacchio A. , Bassi F. 
Published: May 2019

Authors examine the case-report of hip arthrodesis of the Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi of Milan. 32 cases have been examined with mid follow-up of more than 31 years. Authors reconsider advantages and disadvantages of a surgical technique that now is almost abandoned, emphasizing the possible effectiveness of this surgical procedure in the light of knowledges of the prosthetic hip surgery.
Periprosthetic Fractures of the Hip: The Mennen Clasp Plate
Authors: Robinson A.H.N. , Ayllon-Garcia A. , Hallett J.P. , Meggitt B.F. 
Published: May 2019

Fractures around upper femoral prostheses are difficult to treat. The Mennen plate is a new form of treatment. In this paper 14 cases treated with this plate and a postoperative cast-brace are discussed. We also describe the use of screws to supplement the fixation. Of the 14 patients, 12 survived to follow up, of whom 11 went on to unite at an average of 14 weeks. All 11 of these patients went on to an excellent or satisfactory result at follow-up. One patient with a non-union had two plate breakages. We conclude that this plate, used in conjunction with a cast-brace, is a useful method of treatment for fractures around upper femoral prostheses
Effects of mount positions on vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics in aero-engine casing structures
Authors: Ma Yingqun , Zhao Qingjun , Zhang Kai , Xu Meng , Zhao Wei 
Published: May 2019

The main goal of the study is to apply the structural intensity method to analyze the effects of positions of the main-mount and the sub-mount on the vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics in aero-engine casing structures, so as to attenuate the vibration of the casing and the whole aero-engine. Structural intensity method, indicating magnitude and direction of the vibrational energy flow, is a powerful tool to study vibration problems from the perspective of energy. In this paper, a casing-support-rotor coupling model subjected to the rotor unbalanced forces is established by the finite element method. Formulations of the structural intensity of a shell element and the structural intensity streamline are given. A simulation system consisting of the finite element tool and the in-house program is developed to carry out forced vibration analysis and structural intensity calculation. The structural intensity field of the casing is visualized in the forms of vector diagram and streamline representation. The vibrational energy flow behaviors of the casing at the rotor design rotating speed are analyzed, and the vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics of the casing with different axial positions of the main-mount and the sub-mount are investigated. Moreover, some measures to attenuate the vibration of the casing are obtained from the numerical results, and their effectiveness is verified in the frequency domain and the time domain. The results shed new light on the effects of the mount positions on the vibration energy transmission behaviors of the casing structure. The structural intensity method is a more advanced tool for solving vibration problems in engineering. Furthermore, it may provide some guidance for the vibration attenuation of the casing and the whole aero-engine.
Spirituality, Social Support, and Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study of People Enrolled in a Nurse-Led Diabetes Management Program in Peru
Authors: Krederdt-Araujo Sherin L. , Dominguez-Cancino Karen A. , Jiménez-Cordova Reynelda , Paz-Villanueva Mariella Y. , Fernandez Julio Mendigure , Leyva-Moral Juan M. , Palmieri Patrick A. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: In Peru, people living with diabetes mellitus (PLDM) represent 7% of the adult population, each with a $54,000 lifetime cost. For Latinos, spirituality provides meaning and purpose of life while social support affects behavioral choices and adherence decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spirituality and social support for PLDM participating in a nurse-led diabetes management program in a public hospital in Lima, Peru. Method: This cross-sectional study included adult PLDM ( N = 54). The instrument included demographic items and the Spanish versions of the social/vocational concern dimension of the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Reed’s scale of spiritual perspective. Results: There was an inverse relation between social support and spiritually practices ( p = .020) and spiritual beliefs ( p = .005). PLDM with 5 years or more in the program had significantly higher scores in social support ( p = .020) and spiritual practices ( p = .010). Conclusion: Spirituality and social support are important factors for managing PLDM. Nurse-led diabetes management programs with Latino participants should consider targeted spiritual and social support strategies to expand the holistic management. Future studies should explore the impact and effectiveness of spiritual and social support interventions on clinical outcomes.
Radiation exposure of patients during mini C-arm use: an audit in 2032 procedures
Authors: McCann Mark R. , Rust Philippa A. , Brown Katie , Lawrie David 
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to audit large quantities of mini C-arm data used in hand and wrist surgery and to analyse what effect the type and anatomical location of procedures had on screening time and dose area product. Of a total of 2032 procedures, the median screening time was 11 seconds and median dose area product was 0.75 cGycm2. The third quartile value for screening time was 23 seconds and dose area product was 1.62 cGycm2. The median screening time for closed procedures was 7 seconds and the dose area product was 0.57 cGycm2. The median screening time for open surgery was 23 seconds with a median dose area product of 1.45 cGycm2. The data for steroid injection procedures were similar to those of the closed procedures, with a median screening time of 7 seconds and dose area product of 0.45 cGycm2. We found no significant differences in the screening time or dose area product between procedures on the wrist and forearm compared with the hand and digits. Level of evidence: III
Robot-assisted percutaneous scaphoid fracture fixation: a report of ten patients
Authors: Liu Bo , Wu Feiran , Chen Shanlin , Jiang Xieyuan , Tian Wei 
Published: May 2019

This study reports the technique, efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted, computer-navigated, percutaneous fixation of scaphoid fractures. Ten males with acute undisplaced waist fractures underwent fixation with this method using a commercially available three-dimensional fluoroscopy unit and robotic navigation system. The mean total operative duration was 40 minutes, which comprised of a set-up time of 18 minutes and planning and surgical time of 22 minutes. All patients required only a single guidewire insertion attempt, and there were no screw protuberances or other complications. All fractures united at a mean of 8 weeks. At a mean follow-up of 6.5 months (range 6–8), the mean Mayo wrist score was 96, patient-rated wrist evaluation was 2, flexion-extension arc was 96% and grip strength was 91% of the contralateral side. We conclude from our patients that robotic-assisted percutaneous scaphoid fixation is feasible, safe and accurate, and is a satisfactory method for treating these injuries. Level of evidence: IV