bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalization of Acid‐Base Diagrams Based on the Unified pH‐Scale
Authors: Kahlert Heike , Leito Ivo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSo far, pH‐lgci diagrams have been exclusively used for the theoretical description of acid‐base equilibria in aqueous solutions. Here, this approach is extended to include acid‐base equilibria in nonaqueous non‐hydrogen‐bond‐donor (non‐HBD) solvents following the acid‐base theory of Brønsted and Lowry, and using a unified pH scale (pHabs scale). This way, it is possible to estimate the approximate concentrations of all the species involved in acid‐base equilibria in a solution at any solution acidity
, and vice versa. The diagrams are excellent to illustrate the differences in behavior of species involved in the solution equilibria in different solvents, for example, an aqueous solution of acetic acid is an acidic solution; however, the same concentration of acetic acid in DMSO has a
value of about 10.6, that is, it is a basic solution with reference to the aqueous pH scale.
Benzodithiophenedione‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidation Reactions Driven by Visible‐Light
Authors: Zhang He , Huang Qiao , Zhang Weijie , Pan Chunyue , Wang Jie , Ai Chenxiang , Tang Juntao , Yu Guipeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSearching for catalysts that are cost‐effective, efficient, recyclable and capable of harvesting light for aerobic oxidation reactions remains a challenge for material scientists. Herein, we have designed and developed a task‐specified heterogeneous photocatalyst, which was built by a two‐step reaction starting from a commercially available compound named benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] dithiophene‐4,8‐dione (BDD). Through the molecular engineering strategy integrating an electron‐output BDD, the obtained BDD‐based conjugated microporous polymer (CMP‐BDD) exhibits efficient visible light absorption due to the incorporation of a BDD moiety and an extended π‐conjugated structure. Remarkably, the CMP‐BDD showed an effective heterogeneous catalytic activity for typical oxidative organic transformations, such as selective oxidation of organic sulfides, and thiocyanation of imidazoheterocycles in the presence of light and oxygen. In addition, the CMP‐BDD exhibited good recyclability in the photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole, which can be used for at least five times without substantial decline in photocatalytic activity, demonstrating its promising potential in industrial applications.
How corporate social (ir)responsibility in the textile sector is defined, and its impact on ethical sustainability: An analysis of 133 concepts
Authors: Luque Arturo , Herrero‐García Noelia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransnational textile companies claim to have put in a place processes of corporate social responsibility to promote ethical behaviour in regard to the economy, environment, and populations within which they operate. However, their true conduct, behind the mask of marketing campaigns, may be better defined as corporate social irresponsibility. The objective of this study was to analyze and explore the processes of CSiR within the textile sector as being the rule and not the exception. A broad review of the available literature was carried out, both as a literal and conceptual analysis, covering 133 approaches to the hitherto undefined concept of CSiR. In addition, a Google frequency count was performed, with a saturated categorization using the five dimensions into which the CSiR processes are concentrated: ethical, legal, social, economic, and environmental. The methodology used was based on a higher order association of these hierarchies, for which a triad model was established, allowing the most representative combinations to be identified. This methodology demonstrated that the environmental dimension is of residual character, while allowing the definitions of greater weight and scope to be extracted. From these, it was inferred that the current concept of CSiR is best defined in a three‐fold legal‐social‐ethical category, based on its frequency of use in Google, its effective application, and scope. The definition provided by this study may contribute to the improvement of the ethical processes of entrepreneurship and CSR by highlighting their taxonomy of inconsistencies, rather than focusing on the preconceived benefits of their actions.
Awakening Solar Hydrogen Evolution of MoS2 in Alkalescent Electrolyte through Doping with Co
Authors: Jia Yulong , Wang Zhonghao , Wang Luyang , Ma Ying , Wang Guannan , Lin Yinhe , Hu Xun , Zhang Kan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides, especially MoS2, have been regarded as promising cocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) because of a near‐zero Gibbs free energy for H+ absorption. However, the HER activity of MoS2 is profoundly restricted by acidic media. Co‐doped MoS2 (Co‐MoS2) nanosheets are found to enable the highly efficient solar H2 evolution of CdS nanowires (NWs) in alkalescent electrolyte. The content of Co in MoS2 is optimized to 2.8 % and the Co‐MoS2 content in Co‐MoS2/CdS NWs hybrids is 2.5 wt %; the optimized Co‐MoS2/CdS NWs shows a high H2 evolution rate of 14.22 mmol g−1 h−1 and 71 % apparent quantum efficiency in the Na2SO3 electrolyte. Moreover, the H2 generation enabled by the Co‐MoS2 cocatalyst can exhibit universality in alkalescent electrolytes, such as triethanolamine (TEA) and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), exhibiting greater photocatalytic H2 generation than Pt/CdS. The design of Co‐MoS2/CdS sheds light on the development of highly efficient low‐cost photocatalysts for solar H2 generation from water reduction.
Modulation of Polymeric Carbon Nitrides through Supramolecular Preorganization for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Yin Ling , Wang Sibo , Yang Can , Lyu Shihuan , Wang Xinchen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSupramolecular pre‐assembly by design is an effective strategy to adapt the physicochemical properties of polymeric carbon nitrides (PCNs) to improve their solar conversion performance. A new supramolecular preorganization protocol, which employs H2O as the self‐assembly medium and sodium persulfate as a modifier, is proposed to modulate the textural and photoelectronic features of PCNs for efficient visible‐light H2 evolution. Sodium persulfate is revealed to precisely tailor the final carbon nitride polymers with unusual porous layered structures and promoted charge separation and migration kinetics. As a result, the modulated PCNs with optimized structures show a greatly enriched activity for photocatalytic H2 generation compared to the analogous materials derived from melamine without the modifier.
Three‐phase voltage control method by single‐phase distributed generators connected to islanded distribution network
Authors: Yamane Keisuke , Iioka Daisuke , Saitoh Hiroumi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe have proposed a concept model of emergency islanded operation by using distributed generators (DGs) such as photovoltaics, electric vehicles, or batteries, which can provide power to customers via undamaged distribution network in order to develop the resilient power system against large disasters, and it is named Islanded Distribution Network (IDN). Since there is no guarantee that the three‐phase generation system is interconnected to the IDN, the single‐phase DGs that are installed in the distribution network may be treated as main generators in the IDN operation. If the IDN has only single‐phase DGs, it is difficult to regulate the three‐phase voltage within the allowable range and to compensate the unbalance voltage. The aim of this study is to develop the method to supply three‐phase balanced voltage by single‐phase generators in the IDN. First, the operating condition of the generators is proposed for the supply of three‐phase balanced voltage in the IDN model by algebra calculation. The control method for three single‐phase generators has been developed by using the conditions obtained from the derivation of the generators conditions.
An efficient Legendre‐Galerkin spectral method for the natural convection in two‐dimensional cavities
Authors: Zhang Jun , Lin Fubiao 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAn efficient numerical method is developed for solving the natural convection in two‐dimensional cavities. The numerical scheme is proposed by using second‐order projection scheme in time direction and Legendre‐spectral in spatial variable of the incompressible flow. Finally, a series of numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm. The numerical strategies developed in this article could be readily applied to study other incompressible fluid problems.
Spinal IL‐33/ST2 signaling mediates chronic itch in mice through the astrocytic JAK2‐STAT3 cascade
Authors: Du Lixia , Hu Xueming , Yang Wei , Yasheng Hanikezi , Liu Shenbin , Zhang Wenwen , Zhou Yang , Cui Wenqiang , Zhu Jianyu , Qiao Zheng , Maoying Qiliang , Chu Yuxia , Zhou Hong , Wang Yanqing , Mi Wenli 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInterleukin‐33 (IL‐33) and its receptor ST2 contribute to spinal glial activation and chronic pain. A recent study showed that peripheral IL‐33 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic itch induced by poison ivy. However, how IL‐33/ST2 signaling in the spinal cord potentially mediates chronic itch remains elusive. Here, we determined that St2−/− substantially reduced scratching behaviors in 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)‐induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) as well as acetone and diethylether followed by water‐induced dry skin in mice. Intrathecal administration of the neutralizing anti‐ST2 or anti‐IL‐33 antibody remarkably decreased the scratching response in DNFB‐induced ACD mice. Expression of spinal IL‐33 and ST2 significantly increased in ACD mice, as evidenced by increased mRNA and protein levels. Immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization demonstrated that increased expression of spinal IL‐33 was predominant in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, whereas ST2 was mainly expressed in astrocytes. Further studies showed that in ACD mice, the activation of astrocytes and increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were markedly attenuated by St2−/−. Intrathecal injection of Janus Kinase 2 Inhibitor AG490 significantly alleviated scratching behaviors in ACD mice. rIL‐33 pretreatment exacerbated gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP)‐evoked scratching behaviors. This increased gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) expression was abolished by St2−/−. Tnf‐α upregulation was suppressed by St2−/−. Our results indicate that the spinal IL‐33/ST2 signaling pathway contributes to chronic itch via astrocytic JAK2‐STAT3 cascade activation, promoting TNF‐α release to regulate the GRP/GRPR signaling‐related itch response. Thus, these findings provide a potential therapeutic option for treating chronic pruritus.
Seasonal variations in infiltrability of moss‐dominated biocrusts on aeolian sand and loess soil in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Xiao Bo , Sun Fuhai , Yao Xiaomeng , Hu Kelin , Kidron Giora J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiocrust effects on soil infiltration have attracted increasing attention in dryland ecosystems, but their seasonal variations in infiltrability have not yet been well understood. On the Chinese Loess Plateau, soil infiltrability indicated by saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of biocrusts and bare soil, both on aeolian sand and loess soil, was determined by disc infiltrometer in late spring (SPR), midsummer (SUM), and early fall (FAL). Then their correlations with soil biological and physiochemical properties and water repellency index (RI) were analysed. The results showed that the biocrusts significantly decreased Ks both on sand during SPR, SUM, and FAL (by 43%, 66%, and 35%, respectively; P < .05) and on loess (by 42%, 92%, and 10%, respectively; P <.05). As compared with the bare soil, the decreased Ks in the biocrusted surfaces was mostly attributed to the microorganism biomass and also to the increasing content of fine particles and organic matter. Most importantly, both the biocrusts and bare soil exhibited significant (F ≥ 11.89, P ≤ .003) seasonal variations in Ks, but their patterns were quite different. Specifically, the Ks of bare soil gradually decreased from SPR to SUM (32% and 42% for sand and loess, respectively) and FAL (29% and 39%); the Ks of biocrusts also decreased from SPR to SUM (59% and 92%) but then increased in FAL (36% and 588%). Whereas the seasonal variations in Ks of the biocrusts were closely correlated with the seasonal variations in RI, the RI values were not high enough to point at hydrophobicity. Instead of that, the seasonal variations of Ks were principally explained by the changes in the crust biomass and possibly by the microbial exopolysaccharides. We conclude that the biocrusts significantly decreased soil infiltrability and exhibited a different seasonal variation pattern, which should be carefully considered in future analyses of hydropedological processes.
Biological acellular pericardial mesh regulated tissue integration and remodeling in a rat model of breast prosthetic implantation
Authors: Bernardini Roberta , Varvaras Dimitrios , D'Amico Federico , Bielli Alessandra , Scioli Maria Giovanna , Coniglione Filadelfo , Rossi Piero , Buonomo Oreste C. , Petrella Giuseppe , Mattei Maurizio , Orlandi Augusto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe use of biological meshes has proven beneficial in surgical restriction and periprosthetic capsular contracture following breast prosthetic‐reconstruction. Three different types (smooth, texturized, and polyurethane) of silicone round mini prostheses were implanted under rat skin with or without two different bovine acellular pericardial biological meshes (APMs, BioRipar, and Tutomesh). One hundred eighty‐six female rats were divided into 12 groups, sacrificed after 3, 6, and 24 weeks and tissue samples investigated by histology and immunohistochemistry. Implantation of both APMs, with or without prostheses, reduced capsular α‐SMA expression and CD3+ inflammatory cell infiltration, increasing capillary density and cell proliferation, with some differences. In particular, Tutomesh was associated with higher peri‐APM CD3+ inflammation, prosthetic capsular dermal α‐SMA expression and less CD31+ vessels and cell proliferation compared with BioRipar. None differences were observed in tissue integration and remodeling following the APM + prostheses implantation; the different prostheses did not influence tissue remodeling. The aim of our study was to investigate if/how the use of different APMs, with peculiar intrinsic characteristics, may influence tissue integration. The structure of APMs critically influenced tissue remodeling after implantation. Further studies are needed to develop new APMs able to optimize tissue integration and neoangiogenesis minimizing periprosthetic inflammation and fibrosis.
Geldanamycin induces apoptosis and inhibits inflammation in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes isolated from rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Ma Cuili , Chen Jianwei , Li Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of the joints characterized by synovial hyperplasia and chronic inﬂammation. Fibroblasts‐like synoviocytes (FLS), major cells in the synovium, together with infiltrated leukocytes, contribute greatly to RA progression. In our study, we hypothesized that geldanamycin (GA), a cancer drug might be able to inhibit RA FLS growth. To test the idea, RA FLS were isolated and cultured for cancer drug test. The results showed that GA can specifically inhibit the growth of RA FLS compared with normal FLS. Essentially, GA was found to promote reactive oxygen species production in RA FLS and induce programmed cell death. The annexinV/propidium iodide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling staining confirmed that GA can directly induce apoptosis and subsequently inhibit the growth of RA FLS, which was also confirmed by Western blot assay. In addition, our data demonstrated that inflammation was inhibited by suppressed nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. The therapeutic effect of GA was explored in collagen‐induced arthritis mice. In short, GA was a promising drug for the treatment of RA by specifically inhibiting the proliferation and inflammation of RA FLS.
Retracted: Downregulated long noncoding RNA LINC00313 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, and migration of thyroid cancer cells through inhibiting the methylation of ALX4
Authors: Zhao Xingzhi , Hu Xinhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThyroid cancer represents one of the prevalent endocrine cancer with relatively high incidence rate around the world, accompanied by unchanged fatality rate. We probe into the specific role of LINC00313 in mediation of cellular processes of thyroid cancer including proliferation, migration, and invasion through the methylation of aristaless‐like homeobox 4 (ALX4). Thyroid cancer‐related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and genes were analyzed by microarray‐based analysis. The antitumor effect of LINC00313 was examined with the gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments. In addition, the binding of LINC00313 and the promoter region of ALX4, and the interaction of LINC00313 with methylation‐related proteins were detected. Later, xenograft tumors in nude mice were induced expecting to dig out the modulatory function of LINC00313 in tumor growth of thyroid carcinoma. The microarray‐based analysis manifested that LINC00313 was overexpressed, whereas ALX4 was downregulated in thyroid cancer, the results of which were also verified in thyroid cancer tissues. Besides, our results demonstrated that LINC00313 bound to the ALX4 promoter region, and LINC00313 recruited DNMT1 and DNMT3B proteins to promote the methylation of ALX4 promoter region, thus suppressing the ALX4 expression. Finally, the downregulation of LINC00313 and upregulation of ALX4 repressed the AKT/mTOR signaling axis, thus inhibiting proliferative, migratory, invasive abilities as well as epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of thyroid cancer cells. Collectively, downregulated LINC00313 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, as well as invasion of thyroid cancer by inhibiting the methylation of ALX4 and increasing its expression by inactivation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
LncRNA BLACAT1 regulates VASP expression via binding to miR‐605‐3p and promotes giloma development
Authors: Liu Naijie , Hu Guozhang , Wang Han , Wang Yue , Guo Zhigang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlioma, an aggressive tumor in brain, presents a very poor prognosis. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that dysfunction of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to giloma development. However, the roles of lncRNA BLACAT1 in glioma are not unknown. In this study, we utilized in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the effects of BLACAT1 on glioma cells. BLACAT1 levels were increased in glioma tissues. Upregulation of BLACAT1 showed poor prognosis. Silencing of BLACAT1 markedly repressed glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion, and suppressed glioma growth in vivo. We also illustrated that BLACAT1 worked as the sponge for miR‐605‐3p and promoted VASP expression. miR‐605‐3p was downregulated in glioma and repressed glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion. And VASP is upregulated and contributed to glioma progression. Summarily, this study highlights the important roles of BLACAT1/miR‐605‐3p/VASP axis in glioma progression.
Roles of exosomes in liver metastases: Novel diagnosis and treatment choices
Authors: Han Weijia , Duan Zhongping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTumors tend to metastasize to the liver. Premetastatic niche formation is a vital step in liver metastasis. Tumor‐derived exosomes can influence premetastatic niche formation from three aspects: vascular leakiness and angiogenesis, recruitment of nonresident cells, and changes in local resident cells. Exosomes from other tissues, such as mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes and engineered exosomes, also have therapeutic potential, but further research on these exosomes is required. Based on the mechanism of premetastatic niche formation, we summarize the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of exosomes in inhibiting liver metastases in this review in an attempt to provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of liver metastases.
Surface ultrastructural descriptions of the oropharyngeal cavity of Anas querquedula
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Bassuoni Naglaa F. , Hanafy Basma G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe current work considers the first anatomical description of oropharyngeal cavity of Garganey, which was performed on eight heads with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The round apex of elongated tongue has anterior spatula‐like named lingual nail. SEM of dorsal surface of lingual nail carry microtubercles and micropores on its rostral part, while its caudal part carry numerous microridges and micropores, while lateral apical surface only without lingual nail carrying filiform papillae, but its ventral surface carry exfoliated scales‐like projections. Lateral lingual tip carries numerous laterally directed hairs‐like structures. Rostral part of body carry region of small conical papillae in between them small hairs‐like papillae on its lateral surface. Middle part of body carry lingual comb on its dorsal surface, while its lateral surfaces carry region of small conical papillae in between them hairs‐like papillae in addition to filiform papillae, and large conical with small filiform papillae begin to appear laterally to the heads of lingual comb. Lateral surface of lingual prominence carry region of large conical and small filiform papillae on its rostral part, while its caudal part occupied by laterally situated spinated border from the root. Lingual root has two triangular smooth middle and spinated lateral and caudal. Laryngeal entrance divided into papillary and nonpapillary regions. Roof of oropharyngeal cavity divided into lamellar and papillary regions. Choanal cleft divided into rostral narrow ¼ and wide caudal ¾ parts. In conclusion, feeding process depend on the filter feeding mechanism that performed by the help of lateral situated papillae with lingual prominence.
Frequency and factors associated with malnutrition among patients with achalasia and effect of pneumatic dilation
Authors: Ghoshal Uday Chand , Thakur Prabhakar Kumar , Misra Asha 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAlthough achalasia patients are undernourished, studies are scant. We studied: (i) the frequency of malnutrition among these patients and (ii) the effect of pneumatic dilatation (PD) on malnutrition.MethodsA total of 70 adult achalasia patients and 70 healthy controls were evaluated through dietary recall, anthropometry, and biochemical parameters, and patients were reevaluated 6 months after PD.ResultsPatients had lower intake of calories (median, interquartile range [IQR]: 1835.0 [1682.5–1915.0] vs 2071.5 [1950–2276.2] kcal/day, P < 0.001), protein (40.9 [36.3–42.2] vs 52.9 [45.7–62] g/day, P < 0.001), calcium (310 [192.5–392.4] vs 477.5 [350–560] mg/day, P < 0.001), and iron (6.7 [4.7–8.8] vs 10.1 [7.5–11.50] mg/day, P < 0.001) than controls. Patients had lower body mass index (BMI: 19.6 [16.6–22] vs 22.8 [19.5,29.1], P < 0.001), midarm circumference (MAMC; 20 [17.5–23] vs 24.1 [21.4–28.5], P < 0.001), biceps (BSFT; 3.1 [1.9–3.9] vs 5.5 [3.8–9.2] mm, P < 0.001), triceps’ skin fold thickness (TSFT; 5 [2.4–7] vs 7.8 [5.1–9.4] mm, P < 0.001), serum protein (7.2 ± 0.8 vs 7.6 ± 0.8 g/dL, P = 0.005), and albumin (4.0 [3.5–4.4] vs 4.1 [3.9–4.2] g/dL, P = 0.009). PD increased calories (1803 [950–2400] vs 2050 [1470–2950] kcal/day), protein intake (41.0 [22–70] vs 45.0 [37.5–80.0] gm/day), BMI (19.6 [12.8–30.0] vs 22.2[15.9–30.0] P = 0.001 for all), and MAMC (21 [14.1–32.0] vs 24.2 [15–32.0] cm, P = 0.03). Reduced intake was a determinant of malnutrition.ConclusionsMalnutrition is common in achalasia patients, and PD improved it.