bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Parties, Ethnic Tensions? Results of an Original Election Panel Study
Authors: Flesken Anaïd 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEthnic diversity is considered detrimental to national unity, especially if ethnicity is politically mobilized: Ethnic parties in electoral competition in particular are thought to increase the salience of ethnic differences and, with it, ethnic tensions. Yet the individual links of this psychological chain have only been examined cross‐sectionally, and never together. This article employs original longitudinal survey data to simultaneously assess changes in ingroup identification, outgroup aversion, and national identification over the election period within one diverse society: Romania. While ingroup identification does increase, ethnic relations do not worsen. On the contrary, outgroup aversion decreases while national identification increases, for minority and majority Romanian citizens alike. I explain these findings with the common ingroup identity model from social psychology: Elections in ethnically diverse societies may not only increase the salience of ethnic groups but also that of the superordinate, national identity. The findings question the often assumed automaticity of intergroup threat.
Unhierarchical and Hierarchical Core‐Periphery Relations: North Fennoscandian Trade Network from the Middle Ages to the Post‐Sixteenth Century
Authors: Kuusela Jari‐Matti , Nurmi Risto , Hakamäki Ville 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis article studies the medieval northern Fennoscandian trade network utilizing a macro‐scale perspective—namely, the world‐systems analysis—while still maintaining a decidedly local approach to the analysis. It is argued that local factors, formed of a synergy between social and natural components, created a situation where the trade network of northern Fennoscandia remained an unhierarchical peer network despite a seeming power asymmetry between the participants. This study demonstrates how a local analysis is always important even—and especially—when utilizing a macro‐scale perspective, as assumptions (for example, pertaining to power asymmetries) may lead to misconceptions of the social forces in play within a social network. [medieval archaeology, world‐systems analysis, northern Fennoscandian trade network]
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: risk of adverse cardiovascular events with proton pump inhibitors independent of clopidogrel
Authors: Batchelor Riley , Kumar Radya , Gilmartin‐Thomas Julia F. M. , Hopper Ingrid , Kemp William , Liew Danny 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundClopidogrel's anti‐platelet effects may be attenuated by a pharmacokinetic interaction with co‐prescribed proton pump inhibitors, which inhibit oxidative pathways that convert clopidogrel into its active metabolites. Despite this, the impact of PPIs on cardiovascular risk in the absence of clopidogrel is not well defined.AimTo report on a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association between PPIs and cardiovascular risk, independent of clopidogrel.MethodsThe databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched in October 2017. The primary outcome was association between PPI monotherapy and any adverse cardiovascular event. The secondary outcome was association between proton pump inhibitor monotherapy and acute myocardial infarction. Studies were excluded if they reported or did not adjust for concomitant anti‐platelet therapy or involved participants aged less than 18 years.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included in the systematic review. Data from 16 studies were included in the meta‐analysis (involving 447 408 participants). Of these, eight were randomised controlled trials, seven were observational studies and one was a retrospective analysis of a randomised controlled trial. An increased risk of any adverse cardiovascular event with PPI monotherapy was observed using pooled data from observational studies (risk ratio 1.25, 95% CI 1.11‐1.42, I2 81%, P < 0.001), but not from randomised controlled trials (risk ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.34‐2.33, I2 0%, P = 0.85).ConclusionThere is no clear evidence of an association between PPI monotherapy and increased cardiovascular risk.
Toward standardized patient positioning to avoid peripheral nerve injury during laparoscopic colorectal surgery: Application of a protocol and study of the resulting relationship between total rotation time and contact pressure at the shoulder
Authors: Harada Yoshikuni , Tanaka Jun‐ichi , Umemoto Takahiro , Sekine Ryu‐ichi , Wakabayashi Tetsuji , Kijima Kazuhiro , Kigawa Gaku 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionGenerally, laparoscopic colorectal surgery is performed with the patient in the lithotomy and rotated positions. The lithotomy position, however, is associated with intraoperative peripheral nerve injury (IPNI). We studied the relationship between patient positioning during laparoscopic colorectal surgery, contact pressure at the shoulder, and the occurrence of IPNI and tested a positioning protocol aimed at surgical safety in addition to maintenance of a good surgical field.MethodsWe applied our positioning protocol in 44 cases and collected data that could be used to answer our study questions. We set limits for shoulder contact pressure and time in the rotation position. When the time limit was reached, we returned the patient to the supine position for 5 min.ResultsPatients' median age was 71 years; mean BMI was 22.4 kg/m2. Median time in the rotation position was 126 min. For the 22 patients for whom validated data was obtained, mean lower shoulder pressure changed from 8.5 mmHg just after rotation to 11.4 mmHg 120 min after rotation (P = 0.013). Absence of IPNI in our patients confirmed the proposed relation between patient positioning and IPNI. Our data indicate that a prolonged period in the rotation position increases contact pressure at the shoulder, which can increase the risk of IPNI.ConclusionOur patient positioning protocol appears to have prevented laparoscopic colectomy‐related IPNI. Future studies are warranted to confirm the relationship between patient positioning and IPNI and, if necessary, to further refine the protocol to ensure prevention of IPNI during laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Teacher–student interaction and lower secondary school students’ situational engagement
Authors: Pöysä Sanni , Vasalampi Kati , Muotka Joona , Lerkkanen Marja‐Kristiina , Poikkeus Anna‐Maija , Nurmi Jari‐Erik 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPrior research has shown that engagement plays a significant role in students’ academic learning.AimsThe present study sought to expand the current understanding of students’ engagement by examining how situational engagement during a particular lesson is associated with the observed teacher–student classroom interactions (i.e., emotional support, instructional support, and classroom organization) in the same lesson.SampleThe participants were 709 Grade 7 students (47.7% girls) from 59 classrooms in 26 lower secondary schools and 51 teachers.MethodsThe data consisted of 155 video‐recorded lessons (90 language arts and 65 mathematics lessons) coded using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System – Secondary (CLASS‐S) observational instrument. Students’ self‐ratings of their situation‐specific engagement were collected using the mobile‐based In Situations (InSitu) Instrument at the end of each lesson. The data were analyzed with cross‐classified two‐level hierarchical modelling.Results and conclusionsThe results indicated that emotional support in the classroom was positively associated with students’ emotional engagement and help‐seeking, whereas classroom organization was associated with students’ behavioural and cognitive engagement. Overall, the findings provide novel evidence suggesting that students’ engagement can be fostered by supportive teacher‐student interactions.
Innate immune sensor laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 suppresses tumor cell growth and functions as a prognostic marker in neuroblastoma
Authors: Lin Li‐Ling , Huang Chao‐Cheng , Wu Min‐Tsui , Hsu Wen‐Ming , Chuang Jiin‐Haur 
Published: September 2018

The innate immune receptors, such as toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation‐associated 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I), have been shown to be differentially expressed in neuroblastoma (NB) and promote dsRNA poly (I:C)‐induced NB suppression in vitro and in vivo. However, the role of another important innate immune cytosolic sensor, laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), in the cancer behavior of NB remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the expression levels of LGP2 were either low or undetectable in all NB cell lines tested with or without MYCN amplification. LGP2 expression levels were significantly increased only in NB cells without MYCN amplification, including SK‐N‐AS and SK‐N‐FI after poly (I:C) treatment in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. Ectopic expression of LGP2 in NB cells significantly enhanced poly (I:C)‐induced NB cell death associated with downregulation of MDA5, RIG‐I, MAVS and Bcl‐2, as well as upregulation of Noxa and tBid. By immunofluorescence analyses, LGP2 localized mainly in the cytoplasm of NB cells after poly (I:C) treatment. In human NB tissue samples, cytoplasmic LGP2 expression was positively correlated with histological differentiation and inversely correlated with MYCN amplification. Positive cytoplasmic LGP2 expression in tumor tissues could predict a favorable outcome in NB patients independent of other prognostic factors. In short, LGP2 was effective in promoting poly (I:C)‐induced NB suppression and cytoplasmic LGP2 can serve as an independent favorable prognostic factor in NB patients.
Impact of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam on vascular risk markers and lipid‐lowering agents in the elderly
Authors: Mintzer Scott , Trinka Eugen , Kraemer Günter , Chervoneva Inna , Werhahn Konrad J. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo examine serologic markers of vascular risk under treatment with commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the elderly in a randomized setting, and to determine whether the reduced exposure to hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase inhibitors (“statins”) caused by carbamazepine reduces the effectiveness of the drugs as lipid‐lowering agents.MethodsStandard lipid fractions, lipoprotein(a), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were examined in a subset of those participating in the STEP‐ONE trial, in which elderly patients with new epilepsy were randomized to treatment with carbamazepine, lamotrigine, or levetiracetam. Separate comparisons were made by individual AED, among those treated with statins, and, for CRP, among those treated with anti‐inflammatory drugs.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐four patients had the aforementioned serologic measurements. In patients not taking statins, those treated with carbamazepine had higher total cholesterol than those treated with levetiracetam (+16.6 mg/dL, P = 0.053), with values from patients on lamotrigine intermediate, whereas cholesterol fractions were subject to drug–gender interactions which did not show a consistent pattern. Lipoprotein(a) was significantly lower in lamotrigine patients than in the carbamazepine and levetiracetam groups. After accounting for the effects of steroids, CRP was higher in carbamazepine patients than in other patients. Patients taking a statin had lower lipid levels than those not taking a statin regardless of AED, but the differences between statin‐treated and non–statin‐treated patients were much larger (50%‐100% or more) in the lamotrigine and levetiracetam groups than in the carbamazepine group (P = 0.035 for interaction effect of statin use and AED on total cholesterol).SignificanceHere, we demonstrate that carbamazepine significantly interferes with the ability of statins to lower total cholesterol, thus making it a poor choice for hyperlipidemic patients or those with cardiovascular disease. Native AED effects on lipids were inconsistent and subject to drug–gender interaction, in contrast with other studies; further investigation is necessary to determine if these latter findings are genuine or spurious.
Transparency‐generated trust: The problematic theorization of public audit
Authors: Heald David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPublic audit has been under‐theorized, the existing literature too dominated by institutional description. Public audit may be interpreted as promoting transparency in order to generate trust, thus leading to legitimacy. Disaggregating transparency and trust, the article develops a subtler analysis of their role in public audit. By integrating collibration into the processes of economization, the governance of public audit and its operational activities are illuminated. Expected to be bloodhound, not just watchdog, public audit space is currently contested and can be forcibly evacuated. Transparency‐generated trust might be the outcome, but providing a well‐evidenced transparency should be public audit's mission.
Does Emotional Dependence and Perceived Parental Acceptance Predict Children's Psychological Maladjustment?
Authors: Carrasco Miguel Á. , González‐Calderón María José , Suárez Juan C. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo analyze associations among child dependence, perceived parental acceptance, and children's psychological adjustment.BackgroundExtreme levels of both perceived parental acceptance and rejection are postulated to be associated with dependence in such a way that may lead to psychological maladjustment. However, this influence has not been empirically tested to date.MethodA convenience sample of 989 children (9–16 years of age, 45.7% boys) in Spain completed the Personality Assessment Questionnaire, the Youth Self Report (YSR), and the Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire for children. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regressions.ResultsChild dependence and parental acceptance had a curvilinear relationship and were both associated with children's psychological maladjustment. Children's dependence, family structure, and children's age moderated the relationship between parental rejection and children's maladjustment.ConclusionResults provide empirical support for the postulated relationships between perceived parental acceptance and child dependence and show the relevance of considering children's age and family structure as potential moderators. Furthermore, child dependence tends to buffer the impact of parental rejection in certain individuals.ImplicationsChild dependence and parental rejection should be considered together in parenting intervention programs. Moreover, promoting dependence could be part of this intervention in certain family settings.
Headache attributed to TMD Is Associated With the Presence of Comorbid Bodily Pain: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Vivaldi Daniela , Di Giosia Massimiliano , Tchivileva Inna E. , Jay Gary W. , Slade Gary D. , Lim Pei F. 
Published: September 2018

Headache attributed to temporomandibular disorders (TMDH) is defined as a secondary headache by the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD‐3).ObjectiveThe objective of this case‐control study is to investigate the phenotypic characteristics of chronic TMD with and without TMDH. We hypothesize that chronic TMD with TMDH is associated with increased number of bodily pain conditions, more painful sites in the head and neck region, and greater TMD pain intensity.MethodsThis is a retrospective cross‐sectional review of the medical records of consecutive patients who sought treatment at the University of North Carolina Orofacial Pain Clinic between 2013 and 2014. The inclusion criterion was a diagnosis of myalgia or arthralgia according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. In addition, cases had a diagnosis of TMDH according to the ICHD‐3 criteria. Data on the presence and the number of self‐reported bodily pain conditions (such as fibromyalgia and low back pain), pain intensity, number of painful sites in the head and neck upon palpation, and TMD pain onset were analyzed.ResultsA total of 295 records were reviewed. Thirty‐four (29.3%) patients fulfilled inclusion criteria for cases (TMD+TMDH) and 82 (70.7%) for controls (TMD−TMDH). Cases reported greater number of bodily pain conditions than controls, with a mean of 1.97 ± 1.50 and 1.26 ± 1.28 of bodily pain conditions, respectively (P = .012, OR = 1.43 [95% CI 1.07−1.92]). In fact, 55.9% of cases reported at least 2 comorbid pain conditions compared to 37.8% controls (P = .044). Compared to controls (8.65 ± 5.32), cases (13.05 ± 4.46) exhibited greater number of painful sites upon palpation in the head and neck region (P < .0001, OR = 1.18 [95% CI 1.09−1.30]), and greater TMD pain intensity, with a mean of 6.00 ± 2.17 for cases and 5.09 ± 2.14 for controls (P = .041, OR = 1.22 [95% CI 1.01−1.47]).ConclusionIn a population of patients with chronic TMD seeking pain management, TMDH was significantly associated with an increased number of self‐reported bodily pain conditions, a greater number of painful sites in the head and neck regions, and higher TMD pain intensity.
Through Sensus Fidelium to Deification: Listening to the Voice of the Faithful in Eastern Orthodoxy
Authors: Maican Petre 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe most significant challenge facing Eastern Orthodoxy is the laity’s lack of engagement with their faith. In this article, I argue that this issue can be overcome by reintroducing the practice of consulting the laity in matters of faith (sensus fidelium). I begin by focusing on the benefits of sensus fidelium, as developed by Roman Catholic theology. I then move to demonstrate that sensus fidelium is also part of the Eastern Orthodox heritage. In the third section, I show the main risk the implementation of sensus fidelium raises, namely, confiscation by ultraconservative groups. Finally, I deal with this risk in the last section by placing the criteria for discerning the authentic voice of the laity in relation to the doctrine of deification.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in a multi‐ethnic Asian population: Characteristics, survival and mortality predictors from a 14‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Lim Yinghao , Low Ting‐Ting , Chan Siew‐Pang , Teo Ting Wei , Jang Jin‐Hao Justin , Yip Nicole , Kuntjoro Ivandito , Tay Edgar Lik‐Wui , Yip James Wei‐Luen 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivePulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and fatal disease. Data from Asia are lacking compared with the West. We aim to describe disease characteristics in an ethnically diverse South‐East Asian population and assess predictors for survival.MethodsWe consecutively enrolled patients with PAH referred to our pulmonary hypertension specialty centre from January 2003 to December 2016. Baseline characteristics and survival were analysed. Based on a forward predictor selection procedure, a multi‐level structural equation model was applied to identify predictors associated with mortality.ResultsOut of 148 patients enrolled, 77% were females and mean age was 50.8 ± 15.9 years. Racial distribution was consistent with our population census. The most common aetiologies were congenital heart disease‐associated PAH (35.8%), idiopathic PAH (29.7%) and then connective tissue disease‐associated PAH (24.3%). Most patients presented in World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class (FC) II (48.6%), followed by FC III (28.8%). Majority of patients (54.1%) were on phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor monotherapy. Survival rates were 85.8% at the end of the first year, 70.9% at 3 years, 66.9% at 5 years, 61.5% at 7 years and 55.4% at 10 years. The Registry to Evaluate Early And Long‐term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL) score (RS) was found to be the best predictor of mortality. A score > 6 was identified as a cut‐off. Other predictors include mean right atrial pressure, heart rate, aetiology, age and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide.ConclusionIn this first registry study from a South‐East Asian population, our survival rates are comparable with other national registries. The RS is validated in our population to be a good predictor of mortality.
Investigation of a case of suspected transfusion‐transmitted malaria
Authors: Anand Anjoli , Mace Kimberly E. , Townsend Rebecca L. , Madison‐Antenucci Susan , Grimm Kacie E. , Espina Noel , Losco Paul , Lucchi Naomi W. , Rivera Hilda , Breen Kathleen , Tan Kathrine R. , Arguin Paul M. , White Jennifer L. , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDTransfusion‐transmitted malaria (TTM) is a rare occurrence with serious consequences for the recipient. A case study is presented as an example of best practices for conducting a TTM investigation.CASE REPORTA 15‐year‐old male with a history of sickle cell disease developed fever after a blood transfusion. He was diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and was successfully treated. The American Red Cross, New York State Department of Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated the eight donors who provided components to the transfusion. The investigation to identify a malaria‐positive donor included trace back of donors, serologic methods to identify donor(s) with a history of malaria exposure, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, microsatellite analysis to identify the parasite in a donor and match its genotype to the parasite in the recipient, and reinterview of all donors to clarify malaria risk factors.RESULTSOne donor had evidence of infection with P. falciparum by PCR, elevated antibody titers, and previously undisclosed malaria risk factors. Reinterview revealed that the donor immigrated to the United States from Togo just short of 3 years before the blood donation. The donor was treated for asymptomatic low parasitemia infection.CONCLUSIONThis investigation used standard procedures for investigating TTM but also demonstrated the importance of applying sensitive laboratory techniques to identify the infected donor, especially a donor with asymptomatic infection with low parasitemia. Repeat interview of all donors identified as having contributed to the transfused component provides complementary epidemiologic information to confirm the infected donor.
The impact of analytical variation of hemoglobin measurement on blood donors' hemoglobin and deferral rates
Authors: Castrén Johanna , Arvas Mikko , Valkeajärvi Anne , Korkalainen Piia , Syrjälä Martti 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDDonors' hemoglobin (Hb) level must be tested before blood donation. Low Hb is the leading reason for donor deferral. Many donor‐related and external factors associated with low Hb are known, but no studies have been conducted concerning the effects of analytical variation on donor Hb measurements and deferrals.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe effects of donors' age, the seasonal and daily distribution of donations, and batch‐to‐batch variation in HemoCue Hb 201+ cuvettes on donors' capillary Hb (cHb) measurements and deferrals were analyzed for more than 1.7 million donor visits in 2010 to 2016 at a national blood establishment. Furthermore, approximately 3.1 million cHb measurements from the years 2000 to 2009 were included in analyses to correlate measured cHb value and Hb deferral rate.RESULTSA significant correlation between the mean annual cHb and Hb deferral rate was observed in both women and men. The season of the donation was the strongest explanatory factor for the monthly variation of predonation cHb (explaining 25 and 31% of the variation in women and men, respectively). Batch‐to‐batch variation in HemoCue cuvettes explained 6.8% of monthly variation in women and 7.4% in men. Monthly changes in donors' age distribution explained 2.5% of monthly variation in women and 2.4% in men.CONCLUSIONSmall and, in most clinical settings, negligible analytical variation in Hb measurement methods can have significant consequences when used for Hb screening of blood donors. This should be minimized by using methods in which analytical variation is under control and kept as low as possible.