bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical 3D/4D CBCT‐based treatment dose monitoring system
Authors: Qin An , Gersten David , Liang Jian , Liu Qiang , Grill Inga , Guerrero Thomas , Stevens Craig , Yan Di 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo monitor delivered dose and trigger plan adaptation when deviation becomes unacceptable, a clinical treatment dose (Tx‐Dose) reconstruction system based on three‐dimensional (3D)/four‐dimensional (4D)‐cone beam computed tomograpy (CBCT) images was developed and evaluated on various treatment sites, particularly for lung cancer patient treated by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). This system integrates with our treatment planning system (TPS), Linacs recording and verification system (R&V), and CBCT imaging system, consisting of three modules: Treatment Schedule Monitoring module (TSM), pseudo‐CT Generating module (PCG), and Treatment Dose Reconstruction/evaluation module (TDR). TSM watches the treatment progress in the R&V system and triggers the PCG module when new CBCT is available. PCG retrieves the CBCTs and performs planning CT to CBCT deformable registration (DIR) to generate pseudo‐CT. The 4D‐CBCT images are taken for target localization and correction in lung cancer patient before treatment. To take full advantage of the valuable information carried by 4D‐CBCT, a novel phase‐matching DIR scheme was developed to generate 4D pseudo‐CT images for 4D dose reconstruction. Finally, TDR module creates TPS scripts to automate Tx‐Dose calculation on the pseudo‐CT images. Both initial quantitative commissioning and patient‐specific qualitative quality assurance of the DIR tool were utilized to ensure the DIR quality. The treatment doses of ten patients (six SBRT‐lung, two head and neck (HN), one breast and one prostate cancer patients) were retrospectively constructed and evaluated. The target registration error (mean ± STD: 1.05 ± 1.13 mm) of the DIR tool is comparable to the interobserver uncertainty (0.88 ± 1.31 mm) evaluated by a publically available lung‐landmarks dataset. For lung SBRT patients, the D99 of the final cumulative Tx‐Dose of GTV is 93.8 ± 5.5% (83.7–100.1%) of the originally planned D99. CTV D99 decreases by 3% and mean ipsilateral parotid dose increases by 11.5% for one of the two HN patients. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of a treatment dose verification system in our clinical setting.
A Chimeric Peptide Logic Gate for Orthogonal Stimuli‐Triggered Precise Tumor Therapy
Authors: Dai Xinxin , Han Kai , Ma Zhaoyu , Han Heyou 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe precise recognition of tumor tissue is the key challenge that hinders successful clinical translation of drug delivery systems. Herein, a tumor extracellular matrix orthogonal stimuli‐responsive chimeric peptide is developed for logic gate controlled tumor recognition and photodynamic therapy. In vitro studies show that the negatively charged chimeric peptide is sensitive to two typical tumor hallmarks, i.e., mild acidity and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) simultaneously. Consequently, the chimeric peptide can undergo charge reversal from negative charge to positive charge in tumor, accelerating the cellular uptake. Specifically, the enhanced cellular uptake of chimeric peptide can be activated efficiently only in the presence of both acidity and MMP‐2, endowing chimeric peptide with highly specific tumor therapy both in vitro and in vivo. This chimeric peptide based “AND” logic gate should show great potential in precise tumor therapy.
Probing the Physical Origin of Anisotropic Thermal Transport in Black Phosphorus Nanoribbons
Authors: Zhao Yunshan , Zhang Gang , Nai Mui Hoon , Ding Guangqian , Li Dengfeng , Liu Yi , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Lim Chwee Teck , Chi Dongzhi , Li Baowen , Wu Jing , Thong John T. L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a promising candidate for next‐generation electronics and optoelectronics among the 2D family materials due to its extraordinary electrical/optical/optoelectronic properties. Interestingly, BP shows strong anisotropic transport behavior because of its puckered honeycomb structure. Previous studies have demonstrated the thermal transport anisotropy of BP and theoretically attribute this to the anisotropy in both the phonon dispersion relation and the phonon relaxation time. However, the exact origin of such strong anisotropy lacks clarity and has yet to be proven experimentally. Here, the thermal transport anisotropy of BP nanoribbons is probed by an electron beam technique. Direct evidence is provided that the origin of this anisotropy is dominated by the anisotropic phonon group velocity, verified by Young's modulus measurements along different directions. It turns out that the ratio of the thermal conductivity between zigzag (ZZ) and armchair (AC) ribbons is almost same as that of the corresponding Young modulus values. The results from first‐principles calculation are consistent with this experimental observation, where the anisotropic phonon group velocity between ZZ and AC is shown. These results provide fundamental insight into the anisotropic thermal transport in low‐symmetry crystals.
“Genetically Engineered” Biofunctional Triboelectric Nanogenerators Using Recombinant Spider Silk
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Zhou Zhitao , Sun Long , Liu Zhen , Xia Xiaoxia , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSelf‐powered electronics using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is drawing increasing efforts and rapid advancements in eco/biocompatible energy harvesting, intelligent sensing, and biomedical applications. Currently, the triboelectric performances are mainly determined by the pair materials’ inherent electron affinity difference, and merely tuned by chemical or physical methods, which significantly limit the optional variety and output capability, especially for natural‐biomaterial‐based TENGs. Herein, a biocompatible triboelectric material with a programmable triboelectric property, multiple functionalization, large‐scale‐fabrication capability, and transcendent output performance is designed, by genetically engineering recombinant spider silk proteins (RSSP). Featuring totally “green” large‐scale manufacturing, the water lithography technique is introduced to the RSSP‐TENG with facilely adjustable surface morphology, chemically modifiable surface properties, and controllable protein conformation. By virtue of the high electrical power, a proof‐of‐principle drug‐free RSSP‐patch is built, showing outstanding antibacterial performances both in vitro and in vivo. This work provides a novel high‐performance biomaterial‐based TENG and extends its potential for multifunctional applications.
Fabrication of Bevel Structures by Means of the Spatial Gradient of Ion Dose in Ar Gas Cluster Ion Beam and Its Unique Characteristics
Authors: Yun Dong‐Jin , Shin Youngsik , Jung Chang Hoon , Lee Jae Cheol , Byun Sunjung , Chung JaeGwan , Heo Sung , Kim Seong Heon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor the accurate characterization of organic layered structures, a novel methodology to fabricate the bevel structure is suggested by utilizing the argon cluster ion‐beam sputtering (Ar GCIB), namely, little chemical damage to the organic material and a spatial gradient of ion dose in the sub‐millimeter range. The Ar GCIB sputtering settings are elaborately tuned on the basis of the Faraday/target current, and its optimization condition for preparing the bevel structure is determined. As a standard sample, an organic bevel structure is manufactured from the organic layered structure of C60/boron subphthalocyanine chloride/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) films, and their molecular distributions and chemical/electronic structures are investigated using various analytical techniques, including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and matrix‐free ultraviolet‐laser desorption/ionization. Every experimental result demonstrates clearly that the bevel structure prepared by the method keeps its original molecular distribution and chemical structure. On the contrary, conventional etching techniques such as Ar+ ion beam, focused ion beam, and ion milling cause critical distortion in chemical information without exception. Ultimately, the suggested method, a unique way to prepare a damage‐free organic bevel structure, widens the availability of analytical techniques that have limitations in spatial or depth resolution.
Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion and Thermal Stability in Bismuth Telluride/Nickel/Copper Multilayer Films with Low Electrical Contact Resistance
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Cao Lili , Zhu Wei , Deng Yuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe interfacial property between thermoelectric films and metal electrodes greatly affects the performance and practical application of thin‐film thermoelectric devices. Here, Ni intermediate layer is chosen and inserted into Bi2Te3/Cu to simultaneously regulate the electrical and mechanical performance of the interface. Meanwhile, Ar/H2 plasma cleaning is also adopted to optimize the interfacial connection during the sputtering process. Results show the interfacial element diffusion can be effectively blocked after the introduction of Ni interlayer, and the Bi2Te3/Ni/Cu multilayer thin film performs an excellent interfacial adhesion and maintains a low specific contact resistivity about 2.7 × 10−6 Ω cm2, which can be attributed to the matching of thermal expansion coefficient between Bi2Te3, Ni, and Cu, and the reduction of lattice mismatch. Furthermore, the Ni interlayer can also alleviate the degradation of interfacial mechanical and electrical properties after 1000 cycles of thermal shock, consequently enhancing the reliability and stability of the interfacial connection. This work provides an effective way to improve the comprehensive performance of multilayer interface in thin‐film thermoelectric devices.
Generation of Slow Surface Plasmon Polaritons in a Complex Waveguide Structure with Electric Current Pump
Authors: Moiseev Sergey G. , Dadoenkova Yuliya S. , Kadochkin Aleksei S. , Fotiadi Andrei A. , Svetukhin Vyacheslav V. , Zolotovskii Igor O. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA planar spaser structure composed of semiconducting film and graphene with DC current is proposed and theoretically explored. Graphene possesses velocity of drift current carriers comparable with the phase velocity of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in ultrathin semiconducting film at the terahertz regime. When the synchronism condition between current and slow surface electromagnetic waves is realized, the amplification of plasmons by electric current takes place. In the proposed complex waveguide structure, positive feedback is realized due to reflections from the edges of the active waveguide, and the SPPs are decoupled into light by a microscopic grating manufactured on the semiconducting film surface.
Dehydrogenative Aromatization and Sulfonylation of Pyrrolidines: Orthogonal Reactivity in Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Muralirajan Krishnamoorthy , Kancherla Rajesh , Rueping Magnus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOxidative dehydrogenative aromatization and selective sulfonylation reactions of N‐heterocycles under visible‐light photoredox catalysis were established. The mild reaction conditions make this approach an appealing and versatile strategy to functionalize/oxidize pyrrolidines whereby arylsulfonyl chlorides were identified to be both catalyst regeneration and sulfonylation reagents.
A Long‐Cycle‐Life Self‐Doped Polyaniline Cathode for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Shi Hua‐Yu , Ye Yin‐Jian , Liu Kuan , Song Yu , Sun Xiaoqi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are promising energy‐storage systems for grid applications. Highly conductive polyaniline (PANI) is a potential cathode, but it tends to deactivate in electrolytes with low acidity (i.e. pH >1) owing to deprotonation of the polymer. In this study, we synthesized a sulfo‐self‐doped PANI electrode by a facile electrochemical copolymerization process. The −SO3− self‐dopant functions as an internal proton reservoir to ensure a highly acidic local environment and facilitate the redox process in the weakly acidic ZnSO4 electrolyte. In a full zinc cell, the self‐doped PANI cathode provided a high capacity of 180 mAh g−1, excellent rate performance of 70 % capacity retention with a 50‐fold current‐density increase, and a long cycle life of over 2000 cycles with coulombic efficiency close to 100 %. Our study opens a door for the use of conducting polymers as cathode materials for high‐performance rechargeable zinc batteries.
Gravimetric and quantitative surface morphological studies of Mangifera indica peel extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution
Authors: Ogunleye Oladipupo Olaosebikan , Eletta Omodele A. , Arinkoola Akeem Olatunde , Agbede Oluseye Omotoso 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMangifera indica peel extract was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl using gravimetric and depth of attack techniques. The extract was characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the corrosion film solution by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy, arithmetic mean deviation of the surface profile (Ra), and the maximum height of irregularities (Rz) were used to characterize mild steel coupon surfaces. Effects of temperature, concentration, and time on the corrosion rate of the coupon with and without M. indica peel extract were evaluated. The adsorption of this inhibitor was found to obey the Freundlich model, and thermodynamic parameters were ΔGadso (−8.39 kJ/mol), ∆Hao (16.21 kJ/mol), and ∆Sao (−70.41 J/mol·K). Maximum inhibition efficiencies were 95.75% and 95.76% using weight loss and depth of attack methods, respectively.
Endothelial Cell Lineage Analysis Does Not Provide Evidence for EMT in Adult Valve Homeostasis and Disease
Authors: Kim Andrew J. , Alfieri Christina M. , Yutzey Katherine E. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTEpithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables stationary epithelial cells to exhibit migratory behavior and is the key step that initiates heart valve development. Recent studies suggest that EMT is reactivated in the pathogenesis of myxomatous valve disease (MVD), a condition that involves the progressive degeneration and thickening of valve leaflets. These studies have been limited toin vitroexperimentation and reliance on histologic costaining of epithelial and mesenchymal markers as evidence of EMT in mouse and sheep models of valve disease. However, longitudinal analysis of cell lineage origins and potential pathogenic or reparative contributions of newly generated mesenchymal cells have not been reported previously. In this study, a genetic lineage tracing strategy was pursued by irreversibly labeling valve endothelial cells in the Osteogenesis imperfecta and Marfan syndrome mouse models to determine whether they undergo EMT during valve disease.Tie2‐CreERT2andCdh5(PAC)‐CreERT2mouse lines were used in combination with colorimetric and fluorescent reporters for longitudinal assessment of endothelial cells. These lineage tracing experiments showed no evidence of EMT during adult valve homeostasis or valve pathogenesis. Additionally, CD31 and smooth muscle α‐actin (αSMA) double‐positive cells, used as an indicator of EMT, were not detected, and levels of EMT transcription factors were not altered. Interestingly, contrary to the endothelial cell‐specificCdh5(PAC)‐CreERT2driver line,Tie2‐CreERT2lineage‐derived cells in diseased heart valves also included CD45+ leukocytes. Altogether, our data indicate that EMT is not a feature of valve homeostasis and disease but that increased immune cells may contribute to MVD. Anat Rec, 302:125–135, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estrogen receptor‐based multi‐residue screening of bisphenol compounds in urine
Authors: Guan Tianzhu , Sun Yonghai , Li Tiezhu , Hou Ligang , Zhang Jie , Wang Yongjun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman exposure to bisphenol compounds (BPs) has been implicated in the development of several chronic diseases. Instead of exploiting the traditional methods for determination of BPs, this work confirms that the human estrogen receptor α ligand binding domain (hERα‐LBD) is a powerful recognition element that can be used to monitor multi‐residue of BPs in urine samples by fluorescence polarization (FP) assay. Test parameters were optimized for the best performance. Under the optimal conditions, the IC50 values of BPs are in the range of 0.04–1.61 μg mL−1. Recovery experiments were then performed to assess the accuracy and precision of the established method. The results detected by FP assay show good agreements with that of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method with a fit of R2 = 0.9372 and 0.9640 for BPE and BPAP, respectively. A computational methodology, ligand‐based pharmacophore model, was also employed to further explore the broad‐specific of tested compounds. It was found that the two hydrogen bond acceptor features and one hydrophobic aliphatic feature were essential for the corresponding cross‐reactivity results from the FP assay. All these results suggest that the established method can be successfully applied to monitor the occurrence of BPs in urine.
Bestiality: An introduction for legal and mental health professionals
Authors: Holoyda Brian , Sorrentino Renee , Friedman Susan Hatters , Allgire John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBestiality, or human–animal intercourse, has been a concern of the legal and mental health communities for many years. Ancient legal codes delineated punishments for those who engaged in the behavior, denoting a moral and general societal concern surrounding bestiality dating to ancient times. Despite this longstanding interest in and legal efforts to punish humans for having sex with animals, there has been little research on the behavior. Current available research has largely been siloed based on the populations studied, making it difficult to render any firm conclusions about bestiality's prevalence, frequency, and the risk posed by those who have sex with animals. It is important for clinicians to know the legal status of the behavior in their jurisdictions, to understand possible medical and psychiatric complications and comorbidities, and to know how to evaluate and treat individuals who engage in bestiality or have the related diagnosis of zoophilic disorder. This article provides an overview of the terminology and research pertaining to bestiality, summarizes legal and ethical considerations, and describes clinically relevant information for the evaluation and management of individuals engaged in sex with animals.
An Integrated Lab‐on‐a‐chip Approach to Study Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts at the Microscale
Authors: Warias Rico , Zaghi Anna , Heiland Josef J. , Piendl Sebastian K. , Gilmore Kerry , Seeberger Peter H. , Massi Alessandro , Belder Detlev 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn integrated lab‐on‐a‐chip enables the rapid analysis of heterogenized enantioselective organocatalysis at the microscale. A packed‐bed microreactor was seamlessly integrated with a downstream chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) functionality to study enantioselective transformations on a single microfluidic glass chip. Hyphenation to mass spectrometry allows for the rapid investigation of the selectivity and the substrate scope of microgram amounts of catalyst beads. Optimization of reaction conditions is possible with minimal reagent consumption and instant analytical feedback.
Micro/Nanomotors for Water Purification
Authors: Ying Yulong , Pumera Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSelf‐propelled micro/nanomotors are synthetic machines that can convert different sources of energy into motion; at the same time, they are able to serve innovative environmental applications, for example, water purification. The self‐propelled micro and nanomachines can rapidly zoom through the solution, carrying catalytic surface or chemical to remove or degrade pollutants in a much faster fashion than that of static systems, which depend on diffusion and fluxes. This review highlights the recent progress of micro/nanomotors in water pollutant detection and pollutant removal applications.
New Irreversible α‐l‐Iduronidase Inhibitors and Activity‐Based Probes
Authors: Artola Marta , Kuo Chi‐Lin , McMahon Stephen A. , Oehler Verena , Hansen Thomas , van der Lienden Martijn , He Xu , van den Elst Hans , Florea Bogdan I. , Kermode Allison R. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Gloster Tracey M. , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCyclophellitol aziridines are potent irreversible inhibitors of retaining glycosidases and versatile intermediates in the synthesis of activity‐based glycosidase probes (ABPs). Direct 3‐amino‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one‐mediated aziridination of l‐ido‐configured cyclohexene has enabled the synthesis of new covalent inhibitors and ABPs of α‐l‐iduronidase, deficiency of which underlies the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). The iduronidase ABPs react covalently and irreversibly in an activity‐based manner with human recombinant α‐l‐iduronidase (rIDUA, Aldurazyme®). The structures of IDUA when complexed with the inhibitors in a non‐covalent transition state mimicking form and a covalent enzyme‐bound form provide insights into its conformational itinerary. Inhibitors 1–3 adopt a half‐chair conformation in solution (4H3 and 3H4), as predicted by DFT calculations, which is different from the conformation of the Michaelis complex observed by crystallographic studies. Consequently, 1–3 may need to overcome an energy barrier in order to switch from the 4H3 conformation to the transition state (2, 5B) binding conformation before reacting and adopting a covalent 5S1 conformation. rIDUA can be labeled with fluorescent Cy5 ABP 2, which allows monitoring of the delivery of therapeutic recombinant enzyme to lysosomes, as is intended in enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of MPS I patients.
One Century of Bioenergy in Germany: Wildcard and Advanced Technology
Authors: Pfeiffer Diana , Thrän Daniela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBioenergy is the oldest renewable energy resource and has a long tradition in heat provision. However, with the establishment of the chemical industry and engineering the application field as extended to the power and the transport sector. This article outlines the development of power and fuel production from biomass over a period of hundred years until today, as well as future prospects. The crucial technical innovations of bioenergy with regard to political and historical events are reflected. Despite of improvements in the last decades, mainly associated with issues like resource availability, technical efficiency or emission mitigation, the future energy supply by biomass has to be even more efficient, demand‐oriented and integrated step‐by‐step in a more renewable energy system.
The dissolution of oil sludge formed by flocculation of oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding
Authors: Duan Ming , Yao Meng , Zhao Bo , Chen Bin , Xiong Yan , Fang Shenwen , Zhao Yudong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring the treatment of oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding (OWPF) by cationic flocculant, oil sludge containing the polymer could be formed. In this paper, the formation mechanism of the oil sludge was discussed for the first time and a novel method was proposed for dissolving the oil sludge. The investigation showed that the polyelectrolyte complex could be formed between the cationic flocculant and the polymer in the OWPF. The polyelectrolyte complex was cross‐linked and was insoluble in the water. Oil droplets may be bound by the complex, and the oil sludge was formed. It was found that the oil sludge can be dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution, and the mechanism study showed that SDS can destroy the water‐insoluble polyelectrolyte complex. Finally, a water‐soluble cationic flocculant‐SDS complex was formed.