bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone-resorptive effects of endotoxin-contaminated high-density polyethylene particles spontaneously eliminated in vivo
Authors: Skoglund B. , Larsson L. , Aspenberg P. A. 
Published: February 2018

Wear particles commonly used for experiments may carry adherent endotoxin on their surfaces, which may be responsible for the observed effects. In this study, we attached titanium plates to the tibiae of 20 rats. After osseointegration, endotoxin-contaminated or uncontaminated high-density-polyethylene (HDPE) particles were applied. Contaminated specimens showed a dramatic resorption of bone after seven days but new bone filled the site again at 21 days. Uncontaminated specimens showed no resorption. In 18 rats we implanted intramuscularly discs of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with baseline or excess contamination of endotoxin. Excess endotoxin disappeared within 24 hours and the amount of endotoxin remained at baseline level (contamination from production). Uncontaminated titanium discs did not adsorb endotoxin in vivo. The endotoxin was measured by analytical chemistry. Locally-applied endotoxin stimulated bone resorption similarly to that in experiments with wear particles. Endotoxin on the surface of implants and particles appeared to be inactivated in situ. A clean implant surface did not adsorb endotoxin. Our results suggest that endotoxin adhering to orthopaedic implants is not a major cause for concern.
Intraoperative measurement of knee kinematics in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Bull A. M. J. , Earnshaw P. H. , Smith A. , Katchburian M. V. , Hassan A. N. A. , Amis A. A. 
Published: February 2018

Our objectives were to establish the envelope of passive movement and to demonstrate the kinematic behaviour of the knee during standard clinical tests before and after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). An electromagnetic device was used to measure movement of the joint during surgery. Reconstruction of the ACL significantly reduced the overall envelope of tibial rotation (10° to 90° flexion), moved this envelope into external rotation from 0° to 20° flexion, and reduced the anterior position of the tibial plateau (5° to 30° flexion) (p < 0.05 for all). During the pivot-shift test in early flexion there was progressive anterior tibial subluxation with internal rotation. These subluxations reversed suddenly around a mean position of 36 ± 9° of flexion of the knee and consisted of an external tibial rotation of 13 ± 8° combined with a posterior tibial translation of 12 ± 8 mm. This abnormal movement was abolished after reconstruction of the ACL.
Acrylic cement added with antiblastics in the treatment of bone metastases
Authors: Rosa M. A. , Maccauro G. , Sgambato A. , Ardito R. , Falcone G. , De Santis V. , Muratori F. 
Published: February 2018

An increased long-term survival of patients with malignant tumours also increases the possibility of the development of skeletal metastases and pathological fractures. The management of bone metastases includes the removal of gross disease and the administration of local adjuvants. We have investigated the possibility of adding antiblastic drugs to acrylic cement. Cylinders of acrylic cement were manufactured containing three different antiblastic drugs, methotrexate, cisplatin and doxorubicin. We performed in vitro analysis on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in order to evaluate the biological effect of the mixtures and surface analysis of the acrylic cement-cisplatin cylinders using energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX). All drugs were released in an active form from the cement. Each drug had a different effect on cell viability. Doxorubicin had the greatest effect on breast cancer cells. Surface analysis showed that antiblastic drugs were present in the form of granules. These results confirm the potential of antiblastic-loaded cement as a possible adjuvant in the local treatment of bone metastases. Further studies should be undertaken to determine whether the release of antiblastic drugs from cement is elution or if they are only released from the surface.
The meniscofemoral ligaments: secondary restraints to the posterior drawer
Authors: Gupte C. M. , Bull A. M. J. , Thomas R. D. , Amis A. A. 
Published: February 2018

We have tested the hypothesis that the meniscofemoral ligaments make a significant contribution to resisting anteroposterior and rotatory laxity of the posterior-cruciate-ligament-deficient knee. Eight cadaver human knees were tested for anteroposterior and rotatory laxity in a materials-testing machine. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was then divided, followed by division of the meniscofemoral ligaments (MFLs). Laxity results were obtained for intact, PCL-deficient, and PCL-MFL-deficient knees. Division of the MFLs in the PCL-deficient knee increased posterior laxity between 15° and 90° of flexion. Force-displacement measurements showed that the MFLs contributed 28% to the total force resisting posterior drawer at 90° of flexion in the intact knee, and 70.1% in the PCL-deficient knee. There was no effect on rotatory laxity. This is the first study which shows a function for the MFLs as secondary restraints to posterior tibial translation. The integrity of these structures should be assessed during both imaging and arthroscopic studies of PCL-injured knees since this may affect the diagnosis and management of such injuries.
Outcome of complex fractures of the tibial plateau treated with a beam-loading ring fixation system
Authors: Ali Ahmad M. , Burton M. , Hashmi M. , Saleh M. 
Published: February 2018

Fine-wire accepted as a minimally external fixation is invasive technique, which can provide better outcomes than traditional open methods in the management of complex fractures of the tibial plateau. Available fixators vary in their biomechanical stability, and we believe that a stable beam-loading system is essential for consistently good outcomes. We assessed, prospectively, the clinical, radiological and general health status of 20 of 21 consecutive patients with complex fractures of the tibial plateau who had been treated using a standard protocol, with percutaneous screw fixation and a neutralisation concept with a fine wire beam-loading fixator allowing early weight-bearing. Bony union was achieved in all patients, with 85% having good or excellent results. Full weight-bearing started during the first six weeks in 60% of patients. The general health status assessment correlated well with the knee scores and reflected a satisfactory outcome.
IntracellularStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ellington J. K. , Harris M. , Webb L. , Smith B. , Smith T. , Tan K. , Hudson M. 
Published: February 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is the bacterial pathogen which is responsible for approximately 80% of all cases of human osteomyelitis. It can invade and remain within osteoblasts. The fate of intracellular Staph. aureus after the death of the osteoblast has not been documented. We exposed human osteoblasts to Staph. aureus. After infection, the osteoblasts were either lysed with Triton X-100 or trypsinised. The bacteria released from both the trypsinised and lysed osteoblasts were cultured and counted. Colonies of the recovered bacteria were then introduced to additional cultures of human osteoblasts. The number of intracellular Staph. aureus recovered from the two techniques was equivalent. Staph. aureus recovered from time zero and 24 hours after infection, followed by lysis/trypsinisation, were capable of invading a second culture of human osteoblasts. Our findings indicate that dead or dying osteoblasts are capable of releasing viable Staph. aureus and that Staph. aureus released from dying or dead osteoblasts is capable of reinfecting human osteoblasts in culture.
Premature wear and osteolysis in an HA-coated, uncemented total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Duffy P. , Sher J. L. , Partington P. F. 
Published: February 2018

The ABG I cementless hip prosthesis has demonstrated unacceptably high rates of wear and osteolysis in our patients. We performed a retrospective study of 97 hips implanted between 1992 and 1998. Radiographic analysis revealed high rates of wear of the polyethylene liner with marked periacetabular osteolysis. Clinical examination indicated that many of these patients were initially asymptomatic. Wear-related problems have required ten hips to be revised and a furher 13 are awaiting revision. This gives a failure rate of 24% at a mean follow-up of 69 months. Contributing factors are likely to include poor wear characteristics of the polyethylene liners which were gamma irradiated in air, and increased wear debris caused by a poor fit of the polyethylene liner within the shell. We believe that all ABG I implants should be immediately reviewed and remain under careful, long-term follow-up.
Paradoxical cerebral embolisation
Authors: Riding G. , Daly K. , Hutchinson S. , Rao S. , Lovell M. , McCollum C. 
Published: February 2018

Fat embolism occurs following fractures of a long bone or arthroplasty. We investigated whether paradoxical embolisation through a venous-to-arterial circulation shunt (v-a) could lead to cerebral embolisation during elective hip or knee arthroplasty. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), following the intravenous injection of microbubble contrast, identified the presence of a shunt in 41 patients undergoing hip (n=20) or knee (n=21) arthroplasty. Intra-operative cerebral embolism was detected during continuous TCD monitoring. Of the 41 patients, 34 had a v-a shunt of whom 18 had an embolism and embolism only occurred in patients with a shunt (p = 0.012). Spontaneous and larger shunts were associated with a greater number of emboli (rs = 0.67 and rs = 0.71 respectively, p < 0.01). Observations in two patients with large spontaneous shunts revealed 368 and 203 emboli and unexplained post-operative confusion and pancreatitis. Paradoxical cerebral embolisation only occurred in patients with a shunt and may explain both postoperative confusion and fat embolism syndrome following surgery.
Factors affecting rates of infection and nonunion in intramedullary nailing
Authors: Malik M. H. A. , Harwood P. , Diggle P. , Khan S. A. 
Published: February 2018

We report a retrospective study over five years to determine the incidence of infection and nonunion after intramedullary nailing in fractures of 214 long bones; 122 femoral, 75 tibial and 17 humeral. The indications for nailing were trauma (n = 161), pathological fracture (n = 30) and nonunion (n = 23). There were 30 open fractures. The overall rates of deep infection and nonunion were 3.8% and 14.2%, respectively. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we determined the relationships between deep infection and nonunion and the pre- and peri-operative factors of age, ASA score, indication for nailing, the use of reaming, the use of antibiotics, whether the fracture was open and the operating time. Open fractures were found to be significantly associated with deep infection. The length of the operation may also affect the outcome. Opening of the fracture at the time of surgery and the ASA score were found to be significantly associated with the development of nonunion after intramedullary nailing. We have compared our findings with previously published data from large teaching hospital units.
The influence of treatment on the pathology of club foot
Authors: Ippolito E. , Fraracci L. , Farsetti P. , Di Mario M. , Caterini R. 
Published: February 2018

We performed CT to investigate how treatment may modify the basic skeletal pathology of congenital club foot. Two homogenous groups of patients treated by one of the authors (EI) or under his supervision were studied. The first included 32 patients with 47 club feet reviewed at a mean age of 25 years and treated by manipulation, application of toe-to-groin plaster casts and an extensive posteromedial release. The second included 32 patients with 49 club feet reviewed at a mean age of 19 years and treated by the Ponseti manipulation technique, application of toe-to-groin plaster casts and a limited posterior release. At follow-up the shape of the subtalar, talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints was found to be altered in many feet in both groups. This did not appear to be influenced significantly by the type of treatment performed. Correction of the heel varus and the increased declination angle of the neck of the talus was better in the club feet of the second group, whereas reduction of the medial subluxation of the navicular was better in the first. There was a marked increase in the external ankle torsion angle in the first group and a moderate increase of this angle in the second group, in which medial subluxation of the cuboid on the anterior apophysis of the calcaneum was always corrected. Equinus was corrected in both groups but three-dimensional CT reconstruction of the whole foot showed that cavus, supination and adduction deformities were corrected much better in the second group.
Elevated, straight-arm traction for supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children
Authors: Gadgil A. , Hayhurst C. , Maffulli N. , Dwyer J. S. M. 
Published: February 2018

Between January 1995 and December 2000, 112 children with a closed displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus without vascular deficit, were managed by elevated, straight-arm traction for a mean of 22 days. The final outcome was assessed using clinical (flexion-extension arc, carrying angle and residual rotational deformity) and radiographic (metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle and humerocapitellar angle) criteria. Excellent results were achieved in 71 (63%) patients, 33 (29%) had good results, 5 (4.4%) fair, and 3 (2.6%) poor. All patients with fair or poor outcomes were older than ten years of age. Elevated, straight-arm traction is safe and effective in children younger than ten years. It can be effectively used in an environment that can provide ordinary paediatric medical care and general orthopaedic expertise. The outcomes compare with supracondylar fractures treated surgically in specialist centres.
The standard Gamma nail or the Medoff sliding plate for unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures
Authors: Miedel R. , Ponzer S. , Törnkvist H. , Söderqvist A. , Tidermark J. 
Published: February 2018

We studied 217 patients with an unstable trochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture who had been randomly allocated to treatment by either internal fixation with a standard Gamma nail (SGN) or a Medoff sliding plate (MSP, biaxial dynamisation mode). Their mean age was 84 years (65 to 99) and they were reviewed at four and 12 months after surgery. Assessments of outcome included general complications, technical failures, revision surgery, activities of daily living (ADL), hip function (Charnley score) and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL, EQ-5D). The rate of technical failure in patients with unstable trochanteric fractures was 6.5% (6/93) (including intra-operative femoral fractures) in the SGN group and 5.2% (5/96) in the MSP group. In patients with subtrochanteric fractures, there were no failures in the SGN group (n = 16) and two in the MSP group (n = 12). In the SGN group, there were intra-operative femoral fractures in 2.8% (3/109) and no post-operative fractures. There was a reduced need for revision surgery in the SGN group compared with the MSP group (8.3%; 9/108; p = 0.072). The SGN group also showed a lower incidence of severe general complications (p < 0.05) and a trend towards a lower incidence of wound infections (p = 0.05). There were no differences between the groups regarding the outcome of ADL, hip function or the HRQOL. The reduction in the HRQOL (EQ-5Dindexscore) was significant in both groups compared with that before the fracture (p < 0.005). Our findings indicate that the SGN showed good results in both trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. The limited number of intra-operative femoral fractures did not influence the outcome or the need for revision surgery. Moreover, the SGN group had a reduced number of serious general complications and wound infections compared with the MSP group. The MSP in the biaxial dynamisation mode had a low rate of failure in trochanteric fractures but an unacceptably high rate when used in the biaxial dynamisation mode in subtrochanteric fractures. The negative influence of an unstable trochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture on the quality of life was significant regardless of the surgical method.
Operative treatment of displaced fractures of the acetabulum
Authors: Giannoudis P. V. , Grotz M. R. W. , Papakostidis C. , Dinopoulos H. 
Published: February 2018

Over the past 40 years, the management of displaced fractures of the acetabulum has changed from conservative to operative. We have undertaken a meta-analysis to evaluate the classification, the incidence of complications and the functional outcome of patients who had undergone operative treatment of such injuries. We analysed a total of 3670 fractures. The most common long-term complication was osteoarthritis which occurred in approximately 20% of the patients. Other late complications, including heterotopic ossification and avascular necrosis of the femoral head, were present in less than 10%. However, only 8% of patients who were treated surgically needed a further operation, usually a hip arthroplasty, and between 75% and 80% of patients gained an excellent or good result at a mean of five years after injury. Factors influencing the functional outcome included the type of fracture and/or dislocation, damage to the femoral head, associated injuries and co-morbidity which can be considered to be non-controllable, and the timing of the operation, the surgical approach, the quality of reduction and local complications which are all controllable. The treatment of these injuries is challenging. Tertiary referrals need to be undertaken as early as possible, since the timing of surgery is of the utmost importance. It is important, at operation, to obtain the most accurate reduction of the fracture which is possible, with a minimal surgical approach, as both are related to improved outcome.
The reflections of the ıdeological violence of the media to terror news<p>Medyanın ideolojik şiddetinin terör haberlerine yansımaları
Authors: Ayhan Ahmet , Çakmak Fatma 
Published: February 2018

Today media as a forth power, presents the goings-on which is all over the world, by forming around it’s ideology, to crowed of people consumption. Therefore, media shows the events as it wanted and aims to make them think in the same direction. Otherwise, violence and terror is increasingly going on in the postmodern world. Media transfers this negative way to a number of ideologies. So that the masses exposed to ideological violence of media, take shape according to presented content.Accordingly, the aim of the study is to determine how media has a role in connection with spreading, interaction with one another news, discourse and ideology and the ideologic violence of media over Ankara and Paris terror attack news on Turkish and French press. Critical discourse analysis of van Dijk was implemented as a method. While one of the obtained findings is that Cumhuriyet and Libération news constitute news contents which highlights the opposing ideology way and the other one is that Yeni Akit and Le Figaro news use the news discourses on the main stream. At the end of the study, it was determined that media is not objective, presents the same news with different contents and serves to definite ideologies.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetMedya bugün tüm dünyada dördüncü güç olarak, olup bitenleri egemen güçlerin ideolojisi etrafında şekillendirerek kitlelerin tüketimine sunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla toplumlara olayları, kendi istediği gibi göstermekte ve onları aynı yönde düşündürmeyi hedeflemektedir. Diğer taraftan, postmodern dünyada şiddet ve terör artarak devam etmektedir. Medya bu olumsuz gidişatı birtakım ideolojilerle aktarmaktadır. Böylece kitleler medyanın ideolojik şiddetine maruz kalmakta, sunulan içeriklere göre şekillenmektedir.Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı; medyanın, ideolojilerin yayılması noktasında nasıl bir role sahip olduğunu, haber, söylem ve ideolojinin birbiriyle etkileşimini ve medyanın ideolojik şiddetini, Türk ve Fransız basınında, Ankara ve Paris terör saldırıları haberleri üzerinden tespit etmektir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak; van Dijk’ın eleştirel söylem analizi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular; Cumhuriyet ve Libération gazetelerinin muhalif ideolojiyi öne çıkaran yönde haber içerikleri oluştururken, Yeni Akit ve Le Figaro gazetelerinin ise ana akım yönünde haber söylemleri kullandığıdır. Çalışmanın sonucunda; medyanın tarafsız olmadığı, aynı olayı birbirinden çok farklı içeriklerle sunduğu ve belli ideolojilere hizmet ettiği tespit edilmiştir.
Keanekaragaman JenisTumbuhan Paku (Pteridophyta) di Jalur Pendakian Selo Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Astuti Fitri Kusuma , Murningsih M , Jumari J 
Published: February 2018

Indonesia has a very high biodiversity, as well as ferns (Pteridophyta).Selo climbing lane at Merbabu Montain Nasional Park selected as the study site because of the many ferns that were founded in this area.The purpose of this study was to analyze the diversity of ferns species.in tropical rain forest ecosystem of high mountains and sub-alpine forests ecosystem on Selo climbing lane at Merbabu Mount National Park. There are many human activity in Selo climbing lanesupposed to influence the existing plants. This research was held on August-December 2016. The method usedinventory inSelo climbing lane and Plot, then analyzed using diversity index. The results found 33 species of ferns from 15 families. The diversity of ferns in the tropical rain forest ecosystem of high mountains fall into the medium category except at post II (2412 masl) has low diversity. Diversity in the sub-alpine forest ecosystem can not be calculated. Key word: diversity, fern, Selo climbing lane
Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan yang Berpotensi sebagai Bahan Pangan di Hutan Lindung Pulau Panjang Jepara Jawa Tengah
Authors: Utami Sri 
Published: February 2018

Panjang Isaland is small island in Jepara, Central Java province, with covers about 19,73 ha areas but information on plant biodiversity especially, which has potency as source of foodstuff is still limited. For that reason a plant exploration and inventory in this area has been done in forest protected Panjang Island. Nineteen species of edible plant have been recorded, and they consist of fruits (6 species), vegetables (7 species) and tuber (6 species). Of these species have not all used by local communities to fulfill their food needs. Need to be introduced to local communities the potential of edible plants in Panjang Island in order to support the efforts of food independence in Indonesia.