bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective support and supportive protection for families “in the middle”: Learning from the Irish context
Authors: McGregor Caroline , Devaney Carmel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper critically examines the relationship between statutory family support and child protection using the case study of Ireland. It builds on the work of Devaney and McGregor (2017) to offer an additional contribution to existing frameworks for practice through adapting the Hardiker Exton and Barker (1991) model of prevention. Using evidence from current Irish developments, the case for moving away from linear and simplistic differentiation of family support and child protection is made. Evidence from three main sources in Ireland is presented to develop the argument. This evidence includes the Child Care Law Reporting project (Coulter, 2015, 2018); a recent evaluation of a family support practice model called Meitheal (Rodriguez Cassidy and Devaney, 2018) and recent findings about public awareness of family support (McGregor and NicGabhainn, 2018). We argue that special attention should be paid to families “in the middle” who are in need of both support and protection and propose an adapted version of Hardiker et al. model to aid in this work. We identify what should happen at different levels for macrostructural to micropractice levels. We conclude that the learning from the Irish case study can be applied to an international context.
Linear measurements of sinus floor elevation based on voxel‐based superimposition of cone beam computed tomography images
Authors: Huang Jie , Hu Jiahui , Luo Rongchun , Xie Sisi , Wang Zuolin , Ye Ying 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostsurgical evaluation of sinus floor elevation regularly involves linear measurements of the elevated volumes in the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The accuracy of measurements could be compromised due to ill‐defined sinus floor outline if implants are placed simultaneously.PurposeThe aim was to examine a CBCT superimposition method to improve the measurement accuracy.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients who received transalveolar sinus floor elevation with immediate implantation were enrolled. CBCTs before and after surgery were transformed into digital imaging and communications in medicine format and imported into the Dolphin Imaging software. Voxel‐based superimposition was automated to merge the files. In the superimposed image, parameters including alveolar bone height, protruded implant length, and total elevated height were measured. The superimposition and measurements were performed independently by two examiners and in two timepoints with 1‐week time interval. We used intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to analyze the interexaminer and intraexaminer agreements.ResultsOf measured parameters, the mean of difference between two timepoints ranged from 0.18 to 0.26 mm by examiner 1, and from 0.16 to 0.20 mm by examiner 2. ICCs were equal or greater than 0.98, indicating perfect intraexaminer agreement. For interexaminer reliability, the largest mean of difference was 0.27 mm in measuring alveolar bone height between two examiners. ICCs were greater than 0.98, showing perfect interexaminer agreement.ConclusionsThe voxel‐based superimposition of pre‐ and post‐surgical CBCT images with Dolphin Imaging is an effective and reliable way for linear measurements so as to assess the surgical outcome. There is minimal effect on reproducibility of measured data by different timepoints or performers.
Mesenteric granulomas independently predict long‐term risk of surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease
Authors: Unger L. W. , Argeny S. , Stift A. , Yang Y. , Karall A. , Freilinger T. , Müller C. , Bergmann M. , Stift J. , Riss S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe risk factors that predict surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease (CD) remain controversial. Postoperative anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy might lower recurrence rates whilst the presence of mesenteric granulomas has been postulated to increase the risk. We hypothesized that mesenteric granulomas indicate disease severity and might predict the risk of surgical recurrence, irrespective of immunosuppressive therapy.MethodWe performed a retrospective review of all consecutive patients undergoing operations for CD between January 2000 and December 2014 at a single tertiary referral centre and assessed the perioperative factors and histological findings at the time of surgery. Surgical recurrence rates and the immunosuppressive regimen were assessed through retrospective chart review and telephone interviews.ResultsA total of 274 patients were eligible for analysis. Median follow‐up was 8.54 (5.48–14.42) years. A total of 63 patients (23.0%) underwent surgery for recurrent CD after a median of 4.75 (2.10–7.96) years. In final histology, 35 (12.8%) patients had mesenteric granulomas. TNF inhibitors were administered postoperatively in 104 (38.0%) and thiopurines in 137 (50.0%) patients. In univariate analysis, only the presence of mesenteric granulomas [hazard ratio (HR) 1.95; 95% CI 1.05–3.62; P = 0.035] significantly increased the risk for recurrent surgery while postoperative anti‐TNF (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.49–1.50; P = 0.581) or thiopurine therapy (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.61–1.73; P = 0.916) did not. In multivariate analysis, only the presence of mesenteric granulomas significantly influenced the risk of surgical recurrence (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.04–3.60; P = 0.037).ConclusionIntestinal and mesenteric granulomas should be differentiated in pathology reports, because mesenteric, but not intestinal, granulomas may be associated with an increased risk of surgical recurrence.
Time preferences, diabetes self‐management behaviours and outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Madsen K. P. , Kjær T. , Skinner T. , Willaing I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTime preferences, i.e. individuals’ degree of patience/impatience in intertemporal choice, have been found to be associated with suboptimal health behaviours and health outcomes such as smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy food intake and obesity. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise reported associations between time preferences, diabetes self‐management behaviours, including use of diabetes technology, and outcomes.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EconLit and all databases in the Web of Science Core Collection. Peer‐reviewed studies of people with diabetes that included at least one diabetes‐related behaviour or outcome and a measure of time preferences were included. Non‐English language studies were excluded.ResultsA total of 961 records were identified, of which 12 articles were included. Three studies analysed both time‐consistent and time‐inconsistent preferences, three studies solely analysed time‐inconsistent preferences and six studies did not explicitly define a time preference model. Measured outcomes across studies included self‐care activities, such as medication‐taking, exercising and eating a healthy diet, and biomedical outcomes, such as HbA1c and diabetes‐related complications. There were 10 cross‐sectional studies and two panel‐data studies. No studies explicitly analysed the relationship between time preferences and diabetes technology use.ConclusionsAssociations between measures of time preferences, diabetes self‐management behaviours and clinical outcomes exist. Higher discount rates determined by both time‐consistent and time‐inconsistent models predict less diabetes‐related self‐care and worse outcomes. These findings may add to explanations of the observed variation in diabetes‐related health and provide new insights for tailoring interventions and policies aimed at improving diabetes self‐management.
Are ants botanists? Ant associative learning of plant chemicals mediates foraging for carbohydrates
Authors: Nelson Annika S. , Zapata Guillermo D. , Sentner Keegan T. , Mooney Kailen A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract1. Although associative learning is widespread across animals, its ecological importance is difficult to assess because learning is rarely studied in the field, where informative cues are juxtaposed against complex backgrounds of uninformative noise.2. Ants rely heavily on chemical cues for foraging and engage in many ecologically important interactions with plants. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of associative learning of plant chemicals in ant foraging for carbohydrates.3. In a field setting, the present study investigated whether the distantly related ant species Formica podzolica (Formicinae subfamily) and Tapinoma sessile (Dolichoderinae subfamily) exhibited associative learning of the chemical cues from two co‐occurring plant species that are taxonomically and chemically distinct (Asteraceae: Helianthella quinquenervis and Apiaceae: Ligusticum porteri).4. For two consecutive summers, ants were trained to forage from artificial sugar‐rich baits associated with the leaf chemicals from either H. quinquenervis or L. porteri for 24 h, after which a two‐choice test was deployed to assess whether ants would be more likely to select baits associated with the same (versus different) plant chemicals on which they had been trained.5. The present study demonstrates associative learning of chemicals from both plant species, and these effects were consistent between ant species and years; training increased bait occupancy from 42% on the untrained scent to 66% on the trained scent. These results indicate that associative odour‐learning may be widespread across ants and serve as an important mechanism mediating ant selection of resources.
Decreased bone mineral density and associated factors in severe haemophilia A patients: A case‐control study
Authors: Ekinci Omer , Demircioglu Sinan , Dogan Ali , Merter Mustafa , Yildiz Saliha , Demir Cengiz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia patients may exhibit lower levels of bone mineral density (BMD) than the general population for a variety of reasons.AimWe aimed to investigate decreased BMD in people with severe adult haemophilia A (PWH) living in eastern Turkey, and to evaluate the related potential risk factors.MethodsThe study included 41 PWH and 40 healthy volunteers. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the BMD. Blood tests and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. The Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH) test was used to measure functional ability status.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the PWH and control groups with respect to femoral neck and total hip BMD (in g/cm2), but the difference for lumbar spine was not significant (P = .017, P < .001, P = .071, respectively). In PWH, patients under 50 years of age, 19.4% were found to have “lower than expected” BMD levels for their age, while 27.8% showed “low normal” levels. In PWH, osteoporosis was found in 60% of the patients over 50 and osteopenia in 20%. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were present in 63.4% of the PWH, significantly higher than the control group (37.5%; P < .001).ConclusionThe results indicated that the decrease in BMD was significantly greater in patients with severe haemophilia A than in the normal healthy population. This reduction was correlated with BMI, vitamin D and low functional ability status. However, in multivariate analysis, none of these was a strong independent risk factor.
Is increased screening and early antiretroviral treatment for HIV‐1 worth the investment? An analysis of the public health and economic impact of improvement in the UK
Authors: Brogan AJ , Talbird SE , Davis AE , Wild L , Flanagan D 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesEarly treatment of HIV‐1 infection at all CD4 levels has demonstrated clinical and public health benefits. This analysis examined the costs, health outcomes, and cost‐effectiveness of increased HIV‐1 screening and early treatment initiation in the UK.MethodsA Markov model followed theoretical cohorts of men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexuals, and people who inject drugs (PWID) with initially undiagnosed HIV‐1 infection over their remaining lifetimes. The analysis examined increased HIV‐1 screening (resulting in 10–50% improvements in diagnosis rates) versus current screening in sexual health services (SHS) and other settings, with all individuals initiating treatment within 3 months of diagnosis. Health status was modelled by viral load and CD4 cell count as individuals progressed to diagnosis and treatment. Individuals accrued quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), incurred costs for screening and HIV‐related clinical management, and were at risk of transmitting HIV‐1 infection to their partners. Input parameter data were taken primarily from UK‐specific published sources. All outcomes were discounted at 3.5% annually.ResultsThe model estimated that increased screening and early treatment resulted in fewer onward HIV transmissions, more QALYs, and higher total costs. For SHS, incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for heterosexuals (~£22 000/QALY gained) were within typical UK willingness‐to‐pay thresholds and were well below these thresholds for MSM (~£9500/QALY gained) and PWID (~£6500/QALY gained). Sensitivity analysis showed that model results were robust.ConclusionsIncreased HIV‐1 screening and early treatment initiation may be a cost‐effective strategy to reduce HIV transmission and improve health for MSM, heterosexuals, and PWID in the UK.
License and entry strategies for an outside innovator in Stackelberg duopoly with royalty and fixed fee under vertical differentiation**
Authors: Hattori Masahiko , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine a choice of options for an outside innovating firm in Stackelberg duopoly under vertical differentiation. The options for an innovating firm are to enter the market with or without licensing its technology for producing a higher‐quality good by a combination of royalty and fixed license fee, and to license its technology without entry. When the innovating firm licenses its technology to the incumbent firm without entry, its optimal royalty rate is zero. When the innovating firm enters the market with a license to the incumbent firm, and the cost function is strictly concave, its optimal royalty rate is one such that the incumbent firm drops out of the market with a negative fixed license fee. If the cost function is strictly convex, there is an internal solution of the positive optimal royalty rate with positive or negative fixed license fee. Without entry cost, if the cost function is strictly concave, the entry without license and entry with license strategies are optimal, and if it is strictly convex, the entry with license strategy is optimal.
The effect of pulp inflammation and premature extraction of primary molars on the successor permanent teeth. A retrospective study
Authors: van der Weijden Fawn Nitanee , Hesse Daniela , Americano Gabriela Caldeira Andrade , Soviero Vera Mendes , Bonifacio Clarissa Calil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundUntreated caries on primary molars often leads to pulp inflammation and extraction.AimTo retrospectively investigate the effect of pulp inflammation and extraction of primary molars on their successors regarding alignment in the dental arch and developmental enamel defects (DED).DesignThe participants in this study were children at public schools in Petropolis (Brazil), who participated in a 3‐year longitudinal clinical trial. Children (N = 44) were selected for the present study if they had at least one erupted premolar of which the predecessor primary molar presented pulp inflammation at baseline or during any of the 6‐month follow‐up assessments. All premolars were examined for DED and misalignment. Distinction was made between extraction performed before (E <8) or after the age of 8 years (E ≥8). Distinction was also made between pulp inflammation occurred before (P < 7) or after the age of 7 years (P ≥ 7). A logistic regression analysis was performed, and the odds ratio was calculated.Results and conclusionsMisalignment occurred more frequently in E <8 as compared to E ≥8 (OR = 2.85; P = .03). There was no significant difference in DED between P < 7 and P ≥ 7.ConclusionMisalignment of premolars occurs more frequently when the predecessor primary molars are extracted before the age of 8 years.
The effect of ultrasound pretreatment on quality attributes of freeze‐dried quince slices: Physical properties and bioactive compounds
Authors: Yildiz Gulcin , Izli Gokcen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe study was conducted to examine the effect of ultrasound (US) pretreatment on physical and chemical/nutritional attributes of freeze‐dried quince slices. The quince fruits were washed, hand‐peeled and cut with a dimension of 1 cm (L) × 0.2 (W) cm × 1 cm (H). The quince samples were treated in an ultrasonic bath in three different times which were 10, 20, and 30 min. Untreated and ultrasonically pretreated quince samples were dried in a freeze dryer. Freeze‐dried samples were analyzed in terms of physical properties such as shrinkage, rehydration, color, water activity, and hardness and bioactive compounds including total phenols, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant capacity. A significant difference was observed among untreated and ultrasonically pretreated quince samples. The freeze‐dried quince slices treated with a US (especially 20 min—treatment) showed a higher preservation of bioactive compounds in addition to improved physical properties compared to the untreated quince samples. In overall, US pretreatment is a promising process as demonstrated in current research by its capability to better retain freeze‐dried quince quality in terms of physical and chemical properties.Practical ApplicationsThe freeze drying of quince fruit with the aid of US pretreatment was investigated. A significant development in the quality preservation of freeze‐dried of quince slices with an US‐pretreatment was accomplished. This research will contribute a useful technique to produce freeze‐dried quinces with a significantly enhanced product quality. Drying of quince samples with a freeze drying in addition to US‐pretreatment might be applied to get a high‐quality fruit with an improved bioactive compounds and physical property.
Impact of animal burrows on earthen levee body vulnerability to seepage
Authors: Palladino Michela R. , Barbetta Silvia , Camici Stefania , Claps Pierluigi , Moramarco Tommaso 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel procedure for estimation of the vulnerability to seepage inducing piping processes in earthen levees affected by animal burrows is presented. The proposed methodology combines an available procedure of seepage vulnerability assessment for undamaged levees with the result of a finite element analysis software, which is used for identifying the seepage path and hydraulics head profile of both damaged and undamaged levees. The main steps of the procedure for estimating the impact of burrows in increasing the vulnerability of levees are presented. Twenty‐one levees along the Tanaro River (north‐western Italy) are used as a case study, and the results show that the critical conditions for the onset of inner erosion are achieved for shorter flood durations in damaged levees. If burrows occur, the probability of inner erosion (seepage probability) increases resulting in a potential increase of forming longer tunnels. This approach is a first attempt to quantify the seepage probability of extended levee systems affected by burrows and is applied for simplified geometrical and two‐dimensional representation of the cavities. This procedure can be applied by the hydraulic authorities to set the priorities in levees maintenance. Future research would focus on the analysis of more realistic burrows conditions.
Screening of abiotic stress‐responsive cotton genes using a cotton full‐length cDNA overexpressing Arabidopsis library
Authors: Li Shengting , Chen Hao , Hou Zhi , Li Yu , Yang Cuiling , Wang Daojie , Song Chun‐Peng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major crop and the main source of natural fiber worldwide. Because various abiotic and biotic stresses strongly influence cotton fiber yield and quality, improved stress resistance of this crop plant is urgently needed. In this study, we used Gateway technology to construct a normalized full‐length cDNA overexpressing (FOX) library from upland cotton cultivar ZM12 under various stress conditions. The library was transformed into Arabidopsis to produce a cotton‐FOX‐Arabidopsis library. Screening of this library yielded 6,830 transgenic Arabidopsis lines, of which 757 were selected for sequencing to ultimately obtain 659 cotton ESTs. GO and KEGG analyses mapped most of the cotton ESTs to plant biological process, cellular component, and molecular function categories. Next, 156 potential stress‐responsive cotton genes were identified from the cotton‐FOX‐Arabidopsis library under drought, salt, ABA, and other stress conditions. Four stress‐related genes identified from the library, designated as GhCAS, GhAPX, GhSDH, and GhPOD, were cloned from cotton complementary DNA, and their expression patterns under stress were analyzed. Phenotypic experiments indicated that overexpression of these cotton genes in Arabidopsis affected the response to abiotic stress. The method developed in this study lays a foundation for high‐throughput cloning and rapid identification of cotton functional genes.
Effects of oxytocin administration on the hydromineral balance of median eminence‐lesioned rats
Authors: Mahía Javier , Bernal Antonio , Puerto Amadeo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the clinical setting, acute injuries in hypothalamic mediobasal regions, along with polydipsia and polyuria, have been observed in patients with cerebral salt wasting (CSW).CSWis also characterised by hypovolaemia and hyponatraemia as a result of an early increase in natriuretic peptide activity. Salt and additional amounts of fluid are the main treatment for this disorder. Similarly, experimental lesions to these brain regions, which include the median eminence (ME), produce a well‐documented neurological model of polydipsia and polyuria in rats, which is preceded by an early sodium excretion of unknown cause. In the present study, oxytocin (OT) was used to increase the renal sodium loss and prolong the hydroelectrolyte abnormalities ofME‐lesioned animals during the first few hours post‐surgery. The objective was to determine whetherOT‐treatedME‐lesioned animals increase their sodium appetite and water intake to restore the volume and composition of extracellular body fluid. Electrolytic lesion of theMEincreased water intake, urinary volume and sodium excretion of food‐deprived rats and also decreased urine osmolality and estimated plasma sodium concentration.OTadministration at 8 hours post‐surgery reduced water intake, urine output and plasma sodium concentration and also increased urine osmolality and urine sodium excretion between 8 and 24 hours post‐lesion. From 24 to 30 hours, more water and hypertonic NaCl was consumed byOT‐treatedME‐lesioned rats than by physiological saline‐treated‐ME‐lesioned animals. Food availability from 30 to 48 hours reduced the intake of hypertonic saline solution byME/OTanimals, which increased their water and food intake during this period.OTadministration therefore appears to enhance the natriuretic effect ofMElesion, producing hydroelectrolyte changes that reduce the water intake of food‐deprived animals. Conversely, the presence of hypertonic NaCl increases the fluid intake of these animals, possibly as a result of the plasma sodium depletion and hypovolaemic states previously generated. Finally, the subsequent increase in food intake byME/OTanimals reduces their need for hypertonic NaCl but not water, possibly in response to osmotic thirst. These results are discussed in relation to a possible transient activation of theMEwith the consequent secretion of natriuretic peptides stored in terminal swellings, which would be augmented byOTadministration. Electrolytic lesion of theMEmay therefore represent a useful neurobiological model ofCSW.