bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS BETWEEN TROLLEY AND BUS OPERATION PROCESS ACCORDING TO ECOLOGICAL FACTOR
Authors: Glushkova Yu. O. , Pahomova A. V. , Asoyan A. R. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction. The article presents the results of the comprehensive comparative study of economic efficiency of the rolling stock on urban transport, such as trolley with dynamic charging and diesel bus, in order to solve a new problem for a large city of identifying more profitable vehicle in terms of economic, environmental and time factors.Materials and methods. Such methods as index, comparison methods and methods of analytical calculations and dynamic series analysis are applied in the research.Results. As a result, the algorithm of the transport mode choosing and step by step instructions of the comparison, wherein the integrated approach to the assessment of performance, was established. In addition, the necessity of supposed recommendations’ application on implementation of comparison process of technical, operational and economic indicators, which take into account the revealed advantages and shortcomings of the existing types of the rolling stock was proved on the basis of the hybrid trolley and bus on diesel fuel.Discussion and conclusions. The statistical study of dynamics’ series of environmentally friendly urban modes of passenger transport by the following factors as the operational length of trolley and tram routes, volume of passenger traffic on public transport in the Russian Federation and also in Volga Federal District and its regions. The model of step-by-step process of calculation of transportations’ prime cost by alternative modes of transport is offered on the example of trolley with dynamic recharging and city bus.
QUESTION OF APPLICABILITY OF THE CALCULATION ASSESSMENT METHOD OF RESISTANCE FOR DETAILS AFTER THERMAL DIFFUSION HARDENING
Authors: Ovsyannikov V. E. , Vasilyev V. I. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction.The article discusses the question of applicability of the calculation assessment method of resistance for details from gray cast iron after thermal diffusion hardening. The purpose of research is to check applicability of the calculated model for determination of intensity in case of the variable blanket hardness.Materials and methods.The model of intensity dependence on contact of two disks of friction gear is used in the research. Calculated determination of parameters is executed in two options: contact of the steel disk and disk from gray cast iron with the strengthened layer, and contact of the steel disk and disk from the tempered high-strength cast iron. Thus, roughness corresponding to the earned extra surface in contact zone is created. Experimental check of received results is carried out by means of specific work of abrasive wear definition for gray cast iron with the strengthened layer and the high-strength tempered cast iron.Results.As a result, it was established that the resistance of details from gray cast iron with the strengthened layer is comparable to high-strength cast iron after hardening. The results of experimental check prove the obtained calculations since the parameters values of resistance received would be well coordinated. Therefore, the possibility of the calculated resistant technique usage for such case could be considered as proved one and, therefore, it could be used at design calculations of the frictional units containing details from gray cast iron with the strengthened layer.Discussion and conclusions.The considered way of superficial hardening needs to be applied depending on features of operation on frictional unit. In such case, when the allowed values of wear change in wide limits (for example, brakes, coupling, etc.) it would be better not to subject a blanket to machining where the formation of optimum parameters of friction surfaces happened in natural way, or it would be necessary to delete an allowance. This suggests that the calculation method of the determination of layer resistance enables to define concrete values of an allowance which needs to be deleted.
TRENDS OF THE MUNICIPAL AREAS OF OMSK REGION DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY. ESTIMATION WITH THE APPLICATION OF GIS TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Korableva A. A. , Sheveleva O. G. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction.The article is devoted to the revealing of the tendencies of social and economic development and to economic security of the territories. The research summarizes the concept of economic security of the territory and the ways of its evaluation, also presents the author’s methodology for determining the trends in the development of municipal areas by the context of economic security on the example of Omsk region.Materials and methods.Indices of economic security in the economic, social and financial spheres and an integrated index are calculated, basing on the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for Omsk Region, which characterize the socio-economic development of municipal regions. The grouping of the obtained values and their visualization with the help of GIS technologies helps to demonstrate the development tendencies of the municipal areas of Omsk region.Results.The article substantiates the ways of grouping the indices of economic security and their visual representation for assessing the trends of socio-economic development of municipal areas. As a result, the tendencies of social and economic development of the municipal districts of Omsk region in 20142016 are demonstrated in the context of economic security based on the author’s methodology.Discussion and conclusions.The revealed positive trends in the development of municipal districts’ economy of Omsk region are offset by negative trends in the social sphere. Therefore, most of the municipal districts of Omsk region are classified as “moderate implementation of threats” to the level of economic security in 2016. The revealed tendencies reflect problematic issues, to which the municipal and regional authorities of Omsk region should pay special attention.
Robot-assisted screw fixation in upper cervical spine using TiRobot system: an accurate and reliable procedure
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Wu Jingye , Liu Yajun , Xing Yonggang , Zhang Yong , Tian Wei 
Published: July 2018

Screw fixation in upper cervical spine surgery is one of the most challenging spinal procedures. For that reason, the free-hand techniques are not a reliable procedure in upper cervical spine. Wei Tian reported the first posterior C1-2 transarticular screw fixation which was assisted by robotic systems using TiRobot system in 2016. Our study was aimed to assess the accuracy and reliability of screw fixation in upper cervical spine prospectively.All the patients undergoing screw fixation assisted by robotic system (TiRobot) in upper cervical spine were prospectively studied from August 2015 to January 2018 in Beijing Jishuitan hospital. During surgeries, intraoperatively obtained images by C-arm were transferred into the TiRobot system and three-dimensional images were created. Surgeons' plannings of the screw trajectories were performed in TiRobot system. Afterwards, the robot arm with a guidance tube on its end was automatically moved to the entry point of each trajectory and held still. Guiding pins were inserted and followed by cannulated or conventional screws placements. A fluoroscopic re-scan by C-arm was performed, and the merging of two sets of images demonstrated the deviations between the planned and real trajectories. The deviations were analyzed and any intraoperative difficulties or errors were recorded. Postoperatively, any screw perforations were reviewed and recorded on CT scan images.Twenty-six patients (13 males/13 females) were included in this study. The average age was forty-nine. The underlying diseases of these patients covered dens fractures, Hangman's fractures, congenial and acquired deformities. 64 screws were placed assisted by TiRobot system. The average deviation between the planned and real trajectories was 0.9 mm. No screw perforations were detected on postoperative CT scans.Cervical spine, particularly the upper cervical spine has small size bony structures, higher accuracy requirements are significantly important. The results of our study showed only 0.9 mm deviations between planned and real trajectories occurred. This level of accuracy allowed safe and accurate placement of screws in upper cervical spine and no screw perforations were observed. For that reasons, screw fixation in upper cervical spine is an accurate and reliable procedure using TiRobot system.
Robot assisted midline lumbar fusion with cortical bone trajectory screw
Authors: He Da , Yuan Qiang , Hu Lin , Tian Wei 
Published: July 2018

Objective: Midline lumbar fusion with cortical bone trajectory(CBT) screw is a novel technique operation, robot system is the new developed system which can help CBT insertion. In this retrospective study, we compare the CBT accuracy by the assistance of navigation system and robot system. Clinical result is also compared.Result: 55 patients were involved in this retrospective study, 29 patients are assisted by navigation system, 26 patients are by robot system. Mean follow-up is over 12 months. The mean VAS is significant improved at the final follow up for navigation group from 6.2±1.5 to 3.2±1.1(back pain), 7.5±0.9 to1.8±0.7(leg pain), same as the robot system from 6.8±1.5 to 2.9±0.8(back pain), 7.7±1.0 to 1.6±0.8 (leg pain). The JOA score pre-operation is 14.7±4.5 and 14.5±4.1 for navigation and robot system, at the final follow up, it is 24.3±4.2 and 23.9±4.4. the number of penetration cortex has no difference between 2 groups(n=0.363).Conclusion: MIDLF with CBT screw is effective for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. Using navigation and robot system will help the insertion of CBT screw safety and accurate, robot can release the surgeon from part of aiming work.
Accuracy of Mechanical Cup Alignment Device based on Functional Pelvic Plane in DAA-THA with Supine Position
Authors: Nakasone Satoshi , Ishihara Masato , Taira Hiroyuki , Takaesu Mika , Chinen Shuko , Miyata Yoshihide , Kanaya Fuminori 
Published: July 2018

Pelvic rotation during cup impaction causes excessive cup anteversion should be considered in direct anterior approach or anterior lateral approach total hip arthroplasty (THA) with supine position. There are two intraoperative support mechanical devices for THAs in supine position, one is based on functional pelvic plane (FPP) and the other is based on anatomical pelvic plane (APP). The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of two mechanical devices based on FPP or APP in THA with supine position.The subjects of this study were 90 hips of 80 patients who underwent DAA-THA in a supine position using HipPointer® based on FPP (Pointer group). The other subjects of this study were 29 hips of 27 patients using HipCOMPASS® (Lexi, Tokyo) based on APP (COMPASS group). There are no significant differences in age, gender and BMI between the two groups.Cup inclination and anteversion angle in Pointer group and COMPASS group were 40.2° (33-48°), 40.7° (33-47°), and 16.5° (9-26°), 17.5° (10-27°), respectively. There are no significant differences in cup inclination and anteversion angle between Pointer group and COMPASS group. Nor were there any significant differences in the absolute value errors for cup inclination and anteversion angle (inclination angle; 2.5°±2.1 vs 2.4° ±2.0、P=0.45) (Anteversion; 2.7°±2.4 vs 3.0°±2.0、P=0.23).New developed mechanical navigation device based on intraoperative FPP by correction of axially rotated pelvis to surgical bed plane in the DAA-THA is an simple and useful device which accuracy of cup alignment didn’t show significant differences compared with the device based on intraoperative APP with reference of pubic symphysis.
Predation of <em>Hemidactylus mabouia</em> (Sauria: Gekkonidae) by a vine snake <em>Oxybelis aeneus</em> &nbsp;(Serpentes: Colubridae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Franzini Lissa Dellefrate , Pedro Carmem Karime Bacalháo , Cavalcanti Lucas Barbosa De Queiroga , Mesquita Daniel Oliveira 
Published: July 2018

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Oxybelis aeneus</em> (Wagler, 1824) é uma espécie de serpente arborícola de ampla distribuição no continente americano cuja dieta é composta principalmente por vertebrados, como lagartos. Diversas espécies de lagartos já foram reportadas como presas desta serpente, incluindo a espécie exótica <em>Hemidactylus mabouia</em> (Moreau de Jonnèes, 1818). Aqui descrevemos em detalhes um evento de predação de <em>H. mabouia</em> por <em>O. aeneus</em>, ampliando o conhecimento acerca da história natural de ambas as espécies à literatura científica.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Dieta, ecologia alimentar, lagarto, presa, serpente.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract</strong>: <em>Oxybelis aeneus</em> (Wagler, 1824) is an arboreal snake species that is widely distributed in the American continent whose diet is composed mainly by vertebrates, such as lizards. Several lizard species have already been reported as prey of this snake, including the alien species <em>Hemidactylus mabouia</em> (Moreau de Jones, 1818). Herein we describe in details a predation event of <em>H. mabouia</em> by <em>O. aeneus</em>, widening our knowledge regarding the natural history of both species to scientific literature.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key words</strong>: Diet, feed ecology, lizard, prey, snake.</p>
KINERJA USAHA PENGGILINGAN PADI, STUDI KASUS PADA TIGA USAHA PENGGILINGAN PADI DI CIANJUR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Putri Tursina Andita , Kusnadi Nunung , Rachmina Dwi 
Published: July 2018

<em>It is assumed that government policy to protect farmer’s income by maintaining a high grain price that leads to a high production cost of rice milling combine with a policy that keeping the rice at relatively low price to protect consumer, causes a low profit of rice milling business. To prove it, multiple case study was conducted to portray the performance of rice milling business by identifying and analyzing the cost and revenue structure of rice milling business. In this study, three types (maklon, non maklon, and combination of both) of rice milling business were selected. The biggest cost of rice milling business is the cost of purchasing grain, while the main revenue derived from rice. The rice milling business can still tolerate a 9.81 persent increase of the grain price. It is equal to the maximum price of grain Rp 4281,93 per kg GKP. While the decline in the price of rice that can still be tolerated is of 10.34 percent that’s referred to a minimum price of rice Rp 8120.00 per kg. The largest proportion of the rice milling business profit is not derived from rice as main product but from the by product such as rice bran, rice husk, broken rice, and groats. Type of businees, price of inputs and outputs, and by-product management would be the key variables that determine the business performance. These variables should be more studied in the future research.</em>
ALOKASI SUMBERDAYA KAWASAN HUTAN RAKYAT KABUPATEN SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT: PENDEKATAN MULTI-OBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING
Authors: Fahmi Innike Abdillah , Winandi Ratna , Kusnadi Nunung 
Published: July 2018

<em>The economic and ecological objectives in the development of private forest are conflicting, thus led to deforestation. The objectives of the study were to analyze factors affecting farmers’s decision in determining for the aim (economic or ecological objectives) of their land management by using logistic regession, and to analyze resources allocation in private forest that gives the best compromise solution between economic and ecological objectives by multi-objective programming approach and scenarios. The result shows that farmers are still economic oriented in determining the aim of their land management, mostly affected by number of farm household, off-farm income, participation in farmer group meeting, participation in extention meeting and farmer’s experiance in farm factors. Land management scenario that the closest to the target value (Rp 39.907 billion per year) is land management with minimum land area requirement, so that the value received by farmers is Rp 21.038 billion per year. Capital is a limitting factor in optimizing the use of available resources.</em>
Состояние популяций некоторых редких лекарственных растений в бассейне реки Кожим (Приполярный Урал)
Authors: Полетаева И. И. 
Published: July 2018

Проведены исследования трех видов лекарственных растений – Paeonia anomala,Pentaphylloides fruticosa и Thymus talijevii – в бассейне р. Кожим в горах Приполярного Урала. Выявлена экотопическая приуроченность ценопопуляций, получены данные об их численности, плотности, особенностях самоподдержания и онтогенетическом составе. Большинство изученных ценопопуляций устойчивы.
Yoga for Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review for Clinicians
Authors: Bonikowske Amanda R. , Schuver Katie J. , Lewis Beth A. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Empirical evidence indicates that yogic practices may be beneficial for the management of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to analyze and synthesize recent experimental trials examining the effect of yoga asana-based interventions on blood glucose, HbA1C, and anthropometric measures among individuals with type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on clinically relevant findings that support the prescription of yogic asana practices to this population.Methods: Electronic searches of several databases were performed for experimental studies through December 2015. Studies were included if they were in English, peer reviewed, included asana-based yoga interventions among adults with type 2 diabetes, and reported relevant outcomes.Results: The search identified 19 experimental studies. A majority of the studies found improvements in blood glucose measures, hemoglobin A1c, and/or anthropometric measures. Style of yoga, duration of yogic interventions, and type of control group varied across studies.Conclusion: These studies suggest that regular yoga practice may lead to improvements in blood glucose measures, hemoglobin A1c, body weight, and body mass index. Further research is warranted to confirm these preliminary findings and better understand how yoga interventions can be implemented into clinical settings.
Research of Binary Surfactant Mixtures Based on N-Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Authors: Cui Juan , Xu Hujun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Surface properties of binary surfactant systems of N-lauroyl sarcosinate (LS) with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO9), dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12) have been investigated in aqueous NaCl (0.1 mol · L−1) solution at (298 ± 0.1) K, respectively. Synergistic parameters of the two components in both mixed micelles and mixed adsorption layers were obtained by calculations. Furthermore, we applied the regular solution theory on the mixed systems when synergism in mixed micelle formation, surface tension reduction efficiency and surface tension effectiveness was researched. The results show that there are synergistic effects in the mixed systems, the surface performances of the mixtures are significantly better than that of any single component in the mixed systems. The result coincides with the relevant theories of the ability of mixed micelle formation, surface tension reduction efficiency and surface tension reduction effectiveness.
Foam and Rheological Properties of a Kind of Extended Surfactants
Authors: Zhou Yawen , Lv Mengdie , Liu Changyao , Xu Baocai 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The foam and rheological properties of four extended surfactants C12–14PmE2S (m = 0, 3, 5, and 8) of four different concentrations were investigated in this paper. The foam properties, including, foamability, foam stability, liquid carrying ability, foam drainage and foam morphology were characterized. The rheological measurements were carried out through frequency sweep in the oscillation mode. The foamability and foam stability decreased with increasing numbers of PO groups embedded in those surfactants. At the same concentration, the longer the PO chain of the surfactant molecule, the larger the liquid carrying capacity of the foam. The foaming number decreases as the time increases, and longer PO chains were associated with faster foam number decline. The rheological measurements show that those surfactant solutions are “liquid-like”. With increasing surfactant concentration, the viscous modulus of C12–14P8E2S increases gradually, whereas that of C12–14E2S decreases.
Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Anionic Phosphate Ester Surfactants: A Review
Authors: Arora Pinklesh , Singh Rakhi , Seshadri Geetha , Tyagi Ajay Kumar 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper reviews the various technologies involved in the synthesis of anionic phosphate ester surfactants. Use of base material such as alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates and phosphating reagents plays a key role on the applications and properties of phosphate ester surfactants. Also roles are played by the reaction conditions maintained and charging conditions on the mono-diester ratio. In this paper attempt has been made to review the base materials used for the synthesis of phosphate esters, synthesis processes and their effect on the properties of phosphate esters, applications and global scenario of phosphate ester surfactants.
Biological Surfactants vs. Polysorbates: Comparison of Their Emulsifier and Surfactant Properties
Authors: Rodríguez-López Lorena , Rincón-Fontán Myriam , Vecino Xanel , Cruz José Manuel , Moldes Ana Belén 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this work two biological surfactants, a cell-bound biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus pentosus and a biosurfactant obtained from a fermented stream corn milling industry, were compared with two chemical surfactants (polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80) in terms of surface tension reduction, critical micellar concentration (CMC), oil spreading and emulsifying capacity. Biological surfactants showed a similar ability to reduce the surface tension of water as polysorbates, which was in conformance with the results obtained in the drop collapse test. Regarding the ability to spread the oil on water, both biosurfactants produced similar results as polysorbates after 1 h. However, after 24 h, polysorbates and biosurfactant from corn stream were more effective than L. pentosus biosurfactant, producing greater free oil areas. Concerning the emulsifying activity, in terms of relative emulsion volume (EV), the biosurfactant produced from L. pentosus gave the best results (EV = 100%), after 1 day of emulsion formation, keeping this value over 50% after 15 days of emulsion formation; whereas polysorbates gave EV values lower than 50%. The CMC values of the biosurfactant from corn stream and of polysorbates were closer in comparison with the CMC value of L. pentosus biosurfactant, observing that the characteristics and properties of the biosurfactant from corn stream are more similar to polysorbates than to L. pentosus biosurfactant. Thus, it could be speculated that biosurfactant from corn stream would be a good substitute for polysorbates.