bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentelle Verbrauchskoagulopathie nach intravenöser Zufuhr von Fett und Endotoxin
Authors: Huth K , Schoenborn W , Knorpp KL 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Infusion einer Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion (10%iges Lipofundin®) in einer Dosierung von 2 g Fett/kg Körpergewicht innerhalb von 2 Stunden führt beim Kaninchen zu Gerinnungsstörungen, die sich ebenso wie die vorübergehenden GerinnungsVeränderungen nach einer einmaligen Endotoxingabe als leichte Verbrauchsreaktion deuten lassen. Bei einer Kombination von Fettinfusion und Endotoxin in beliebiger Reihenfolge, wobei der zeitliche Abstand der Applikationen geringer als 6 Stunden sein muß, kommt es zu einer schweren Verbrauchskoagulopathie mit hämorrhagischer Diathese und Exitus im Kreislauf versagen nach Art des generalisierten SSP. Die Pathogenese der Gerinnungsstörungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Klinik werden diskutiert.
The Conversion of Prethrombin to Thrombin
Authors: Baker W. J , Seegers W. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPurified prethrombin was converted to thrombin in an activating system consisting of purified autoprothrombin C, purified Ac-globulin, lipid and calcium chloride. With the concentration of calcium and pH fixed, the effect of varying the other 3 pro-coagulants was studied.Conditions influencing the conversion of prethrombin to thrombin were determined. Autoprothrombin C is the enzyme, but with it alone activation was very slow. Best results were obtained with the simultaneous presence of autoprothrombin C, Ac-globulin and lipid. Reducing any one of the three toward zero concentration decreased the rate and yield of thrombin generation. In association with rapid thrombin generation Ac-globulin and autoprothrombin C were represented in approximately a 1:1 molar ratio. In that combination of Ac-globulin and autoprothrombin C the Michaelis constant for autoprothrombin C with prethrombin as a substrate was 3.14 × 10-6M.
The Blood Clotting Properties of Rabbit Peritoneal Leukocytes in Vitro
Authors: Rapaport S. I , Hjort P. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA systematic in vitro study has been carried out of the blood clotting properties of rabbit peritoneal leukocytes. Rabbit heterophils have been shown to possess weak but definite tissue thromboplastic activity. They also contain an anticoagulant activity which is active in the intrinsic clotting system, in the extrinsic clotting system with brain thromboplastin, and in clotting systems with Russell’s viper venom. When the thromboplastic activity of the white cell itself initiates clotting, the anticoagulant is much less effective and the procoagulant effect of the WBC suspension predominates. Rabbit heterophils do not bind plasma clotting factors, do not activative factor V, and, under our conditions, do not precipitate fibrinogen from normal plasma, from plasma exposed to traces of thrombin in vitro, or from plasma of rabbits given endotoxin.The relation of these findings to the role of the granulocyte in the pathogenesis of the generalized Shwartzman reaction has been discussed.
The Role of Thrombin in Fibrinogen Biosynthesis
Authors: Pickart L. R , Pilgeram L. O 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMouse liver slices incubated in a human serum medium displayed significantly greater incorporation of glycine-14C into fibrinogen than when incubated with plasma. Preincubation of heat defibrinated plasma with thrombin produced an increase in the level of biosynthesis comparable to that induced by serum whereas defibrination of the plasma incubation medium exerted no stimulatory effect on biosynthesis. Subcutaneous injection of 50 u of heterologous thrombin into Swiss albino mice induced an increase (0.5 to 1.9 fold) in the rate of biosynthesis of fibrinogen comparable to that induced in vitro by blood derived from aging or arteriosclerotic human subjects. Thrombin is not the primary agent in the control of the synthesis of fibrinogen since the activity of thrombin, when preincubated with plasma, had disappeared before the plasma was used as a medium for stimulating the synthesis of fibrinogen. Also, incubation of serum led to the production of a factor which greatly enhanced the biosynthesis of fibrinogen. This condition is not known to lead to the production of thrombin.
Urokinase Evaluated with the Experimental Radioactive Embolus
Authors: Hume M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryUrokinase and urokinase-activated plasmin have been given to the dog and rabbit. A thrombolytic state has been induced. Purified urokinase has induced lysis of the experimental radioactive blood clot embolus in the circulation. Demonstration of effectiveness in this animal experiment is hampered by inhibition of the agents in the circulation to a degree much greater than was noted in previous experiments with streptokinase. In vitro testing indicates that under proper conditions urokinase will be an effective agent in the treatment of human thromboembolism.
Fibrinolysis: Mathematical and Experimental Studies
Authors: Liniger W , Ruegsegger P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn the present paper we discuss a mathematical model of fibrinolysis, encompassing the major chemical reactions associated with this process, and show that it is in good agreement with the results of extensive experimental studies. We anticipate that such mathematical simulation, possibly combined with automation of auxiliary experimental measurements, may serve as a basis for faster and simpler clinical assays.
Fibrinogen Break-Down Products and Clotting Parameters
Authors: Gormsen J , Laursen B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFibrinogen and fibrin break-down products (b. p.) in vitro and in vivo are identified by immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis and acryl-disc-electrophoresis with immunodiffusion.The clotting parameters obtained in vitro by addition of b. p. to plasma system are compared with similar tests in patients with spontaneous occurence of b. p.B. p. formed after short plasmin digestion of fibrinogen prolong significantly the thrombin time, reduce the maximal thrombin activity in the thrombin generation test and inhibit the clot formation in TEG, increasing the k- and reducing the mA values. These b. p. are further digested. The plasmin resistant fractions exhibiting D or E antigenic properties are less active. The specific activity of the different fractions were not investigated.The clotting parameters in patients with spontaneous occurence of b. p. (D fraction) are very different. Defects similar, but not identical, to those obtained in vitro by addition of b. p. to plasma systems are seen. Accelerated thrombin generation, enhanced fibrin polymerization and accelerated clot formation in TEG are found in others. Similar differences in fibrinolytic activity are demonstrated. The presence of b. p. might be the only abnormality found. B. p. are suggested to develop either as the result of localized thrombo-fibrinolysis or during a more generalized increase in fibrinolytic activity.Immunological methods can demonstrate b. p. in the concentration of 0.05 to 0.10 mg%. The thrombin time is not significantly prolonged until b. p. are present in the concentration of 0.5 mg% (early b. p.) - 2 mg% (later b. p.) as estimated spectrophotometrically.
The Clot-Promoting Effect of Adenosine-5’-Diphosphate (ADP). II. Site of Action
Authors: Pizzuto J , Didisheim P , Bithell Th. C 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. ADP accelerates the rate of the “contact” phase of thromboplastin generation by a mechanism which is independent of its known effects on platelets.2. The acceleratory effect is the result of an interaction between ADP and a plasma factor which is not clearly identifiable with any generally recognized coagulation factor (i. e., factors I-XIII).
Split Products of Fibrinogen after Prolonged Interaction with Plasmin
Authors: Niléhn J.-E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryEnd split products of fibrinogen after prolonged interaction with plasmin were separated on DEAE-cellulose. The D and E compounds measured with light ab- sorbancy constituted about 75% respectively 10% of the end split products.The D product was separated by electrophoresis into 8 components with slight difference in charge and all of them carried the same antigenic determinants. All components were found in plasmin digested fibrinogen prepared from a pool and from single donors. Four of the ∼D components were predominant. The sedimentation coefficient of the D preparation with these 4 components was 5.3 and the fraction sedimented as an homogenous peak. Slight heterogeneity of the preparation was, however, found on determination of the diffusion coefficient. The molecular weight was calculated as 80,000. On gel filtration of the D fraction on Sephadex G 200, the D products were eluted in the beginning of the albumin peak. It is suggested that the D product which is practically homogenous on ultracentrifugation dissociates on electrophoresis. The combination of the electrophoretic, immunologic and ultracentrifugal data suggests that the fibrinogen molecule consists of a series of similar repetitive units.The E product was homogenous in the ultracentrifuge and on electrophoresis. The sedimentation coefficient was 3.3 and the molecular weight was estimated to 40,800.On filtration through Sephadex G 200 the E product was hardly distinguishable from the D product and was eluted together with the ablumin.
An Investigation of the Assay of Heparin Based on Its Activity in Vivo
Authors: Rezansoff W. E , Jaques L. B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe potency of different heparin preparations was investigated in vivo, by measuring the Lee and White clotting time, lipolytic activity and partial thromboplastin time of blood samples drawn at intervals after the intravenous injection of heparin into the anesthetized dog. The blood clotting time in log minutes, the thromboplastin time in log seconds, and the plasma lipolytic activity measured as the decrease in optical density of a synthetic cocuont oil emulsion per unit of time after incubation with postheparin plasma, were plotted against time after injection. A linear relation was obtained between the dose of heparin and the response measured as the area under the curve.The in vivo responses for 6 heparin preparations at 3 dose levels were compared with those for a reference heparin. The potency of each relative to the reference was estimated as the ratio of equally effective doses. The results obtained were compared with assay values reported for in vitro tests - U.S.P. , Howell, colorimetric (Lovibond, Beckman DK-2 spectrophotometer and microelectrophoresis on agarose) . There was no consistent case of one assay methodgiving results greatly different from the others and no assay method consistently described the activity of the heparin preparation in another test system, in vitro or in vivo.
Eine einfache Methode zur Herstellung von menschlichem Faktor-VII-Mangelplasma
Authors: Lechner K , Deutsch E 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Methode zur Herstellung eines artifiziellen Faktor-VII-Mangelplasmas beschrieben, wobei Faktor VII von den Faktoren II und X durch Chromatographie an DEAE-Zellulose abgetrennt wird. Vergleichende Teste mit dem artifiziellen Faktor-VII-Mangelplasma und einem natürlichen Faktor-VII-Mangelplasma ergaben eine befriedigende Übereinstimmung der Werte.
The Formation and “Decay” of Xlla
Authors: Speer R. J , Ridgway Helen 
Published: June 2018

SummaryVarious materials and conditions have been investigated for their effect on Hageman factor activation. Fatty acid soaps, purified phospholipids, ellagic acid, platelets, and freezing and thawing were among those studied.Under certain circumstances XIIa activity disappeared spontaneously; the factors affecting the kinetics of this “decay” have been evaluated. Successful regeneration of this “decayed” XII a has been achieved. On the basis of these observations, it is postulated that during its “decay”, XIIa reverts to XII by spontaneous molecular refolding.
Turnover of 131I-Fibrinogen in Mercury Chloride Intoxicated Dogs
Authors: Gałasinski W , Worowski K , Niewiarowski S , Franecki G 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe turnover of 131I-fibrinogen, studied in 15 normal dogs, amounted on the average to 2.6 days. The fibrinogen level considerably increased but the biological half-life time of 131I-fibrinogen was significantly shorter in mercury chloride intoxicated dogs, particularly in the first phase of intoxication.It has been concluded that the fibrinolytic enzymes connected with kidney and depleted in intoxicated dogs are not essential for the fibrinogen catabolism. The elevation of fibrinogen in mercury chloride intoxication is not directly caused by the inhibition of fibrinolytic enzymes.Possible explanations of the accelerated turnover of fibrinogen in HgCl2 treated dogs were discussed.
Studies of Cross-Reactivity of Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitor Activity in Hemophilic Plasma
Authors: Abildgaard C. F , Vanderheiden J , Lindley A , Rickles F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe plasma of a hemophilic patient with acquired factor VIII inhibitory activity was found to be time and temperature dependent, resistant to heat and stable on storage at -20°. Studies revealed cross-reactivitiy with 11 different mammalian plasmas but no cross-reaction was found with chicken plasma. The inhibitory activity of the plasma studied was neutralized by fresh normal plasma and normal serum but not by aged normal plasma or hemophilic plasma (20 patients). Comparison of the present findings with other reports suggest a difference in cross-reactivity of acquired inhibitors and inhibitory activity induced by immunization of animals.
The Fibrinolytic System in South African White and Bantu Men
Authors: Lackner H , Johnson A. J 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. In a study of fibrinolytic activity conducted among South African Bantus and white males, the Bantus were found to have greater fibrinolytic activity, primarily because of higher levels of plasminogen activator.2. Levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors were similar in the 2 groups.3. The plasminogen level was significantly higher in the Bantus than in the South African whites, but it could not be correlated with fibrinolytic activity in individual subjects.4. Differences in serum protein patterns of Bantus and whites were confirmed.
Untersuchungen über die Fibrinolyse bei Äquivalenten des Sanarelli-Sliwartzman-Phänomens in der Geburtshilfe
Authors: Steichele D. F , Herschlein H. J 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungBei 3 Patientinnen mit Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomen infolge fieberhaften Abortes konnten mit immunochemischen Methoden vermehrt Fibrinogenderivate im Serum nachgewiesen werden. Die Unterbrechung der intravasalen Gerinnung mit Heparin führt zu einem Anstieg des Fibrinogens und zum Abfall der im Serum vorhandenen Fibrinogenderivate. Dies bedeutet, daß als Folge der Verbrauchskoagulopathie mit Fibrinablagerungen beim Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomen eine Aktivierung des fibrinolytischen Fermentsystems stattfindet. Da im Gesamtblut keine Fibrinolyse vorliegt, wird auf lokale fibrinoly tische Vorgänge geschlossen.
Some Inhibitors of the Fibrinogen-Fibrin Conversion
Authors: Elias T. P , Iyer G. Y. N 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. The inhibitory effect of a number of substances on the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction has been studied. The effect is best observed at pH 7.4 using calcium free dilute thrombin. Ca++ reduces the effect; Mg++ is less effective than Ca++. The optimum concentration of Ca++ is 0.5 to 1 mM.2. Preincubation with fibrinogen increases the effect of EDTA, sulphite and thioglycollate on the thrombin time. These compounds also appear to alter fibrinogen and thereby retard the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin monomer.3. Preincubation of thrombin with these substances does not result in loss of TAME esterolytic activity or in prolongation of thrombin time of fibrinogen.4. Inhibitors of the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction retard the polymerisation of fibrin monomer to fibrin and also the attendant increase in opacity.5. The inhibitors of the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction studied appear to exert their effect mostly at the stage of polymerisation of the fibrin monomer. Calcium ions largely reverse the inhibition of this step.
Contact Activation in the Extrinsic Blood Clotting System
Authors: Altman R , Hemker H. C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAfter contact activation, factor XII can convert factor VII into its active form. Factor XI enhances this action but appears not to be a compulsatory part of the system. The short circuit of the intrinsic system constituted by this pathway may be important in triggering the intrinsic coagulation system.
An Electron Microscopic Study of Platelet Thrombus Formation in the Rabbit with Particular Regard to 5-Hydroxytryptamine Release
Authors: Baumgartner H. R , Tranzer J. P , Studer A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryElectron microscopic and histologic examination of rabbit ear vein segments 4 and 30 min after slight endothelial damage have yielded the following findings :1.	Platelets do not adhere to damaged endothelial cells.2.	If the vessel wall is denuded of the whole endothelial cell, platelets adhere to the intimai basement lamina as do endothelial cells.3.	The distance between adherent platelets as well as endothelial cells and intimai basement lamina measures 10 to 20 mµ, whereas the distance between aggregated platelets is 30 to 60 mµ.4.	5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is released from platelets during viscous metamorphosis at least in part as 5-HT organelles.It should be noted that the presence of collagen fibers is not necessary for platelet thrombus formation in vivo.
The Distribution of Warfarin (Coumadin) in the Rat
Authors: Anderson G. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIt has been demonstrated that Coumadin, warfarin sodium, following intravenous administration in male albino rats was distributed quickly throughout the plasma and that the liver tissue has an affinity for the uptake of Coumadin as early as 1 hr. Other soft tissue organs demonstrated some early uptake but the activity was minimal by 24 hrs while the liver still possessed about two times the activity of other tissues studied.
Effect of Reserpine and Some Adrenolytics on the Anticoagulant Activity of Pelentan ( Ethylbiscoumacetate)
Authors: Hrdina P , Kovalčík V 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe interaction of varions drugs affecting adrenergenic system with the hypoprothrombinémie activity of coumarine derivative pelentan was studied in rats.Short-term pretreatment with reserpine almost completely inhibited the hypoprothrombinémie effect of pelentan given either orally or intravenously. The longterm pretreatment with reserpine caused, on the other hand, a marked increase of the anticoagulant activity of pelentan.Guanethidine, bretylium and a-methyldopa significantly increased the pelentan activity and such a tendency have shown some a-adrenergenic blocking drugs.Pharmacologically induced decrease in sympathetic transmitter function creats thus a situation which favours the anticoagulant activity of pelentan.Injection of noradrenaline was able to abolish the inhibitory or potentiating effect of short-term or long-term reserpine pretreatment on the hypoprothrombinémie activity of pelentan.
Bestimmung der Blutviskoelastizität
Authors: Anadere I. , Walitza E. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird ein kurzer Abriß der Grundlagen für die Messung viskoelastischer Eigenschaften von Flüssigkeiten gegeben, mit besonderer Beachtung der oszillatorischen Kapillarrheometrie, um daraus für Blut relevante Parameter zur Beschreibung der Aggregation und der Flexibilität roter Blutzellen abzuleiten. Die klinische Relevanz der hier definierten Parameter wird anhand der Ergebnisse klinischer Studien aufgezeigt.
Klinische Ergebnisse über hämorheologische Wirkungen von Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt
Authors: Witte S. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie vorwiegend mit dem standardisierten Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt EGb 761 gewonnenen klinischen Erfahrungen auf dem Gebiet der Hämorheologie werden gesammelt dargestellt. Die Effekte in vitro sprechen für eine Schutzwirkung gegenüber freien Radikalen und für eine Inkorporation von Extraktkomponenten in die Erythrozytenmembran.In vivo verbessert EGb 761 p.o. und i.v. bei Gesunden ebenso wie nach Inkubation in vitro die Membraneigenschaften der Erythrozyten und hemmt die spontane und PAF-induzierte Plättchenaggregation. Bei Patienten mit arteriellen Durchblutungsstörungen und hämorheologisch meßbaren Risikofaktoren wurden folgende signifikante EGb-761-Wirkungen nachgewiesen: Besserung der erhöhten Vollblutviskosität und der Plasmaviskosität, Hemmung der Erythrozytenaggregation, der Plättchenaggregation sowie Verminderung einer als wichtiger eigenständiger arteriosklerotischer Risikofaktor erkannten Hyperfibrinogenämie. Die mit Laser-Doppler-Technik gemessene Hautdurchblutung wurde durch Ginkgoextrakt-Infusion akut gesteigert.Als Globalparameter einer unter EGb 761 verbesserten Mikrozirkulation haben wir eine signifikante Verbesserung der Sauerstoffaufnahme unter konstanter Arbeitsbelastung nachgewiesen.
Intravenöse Therapie mit dem Prostazyklin-Derivat Iloprost
Authors: Taschke C. , Stürzebecher S. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Überblick werden die klinischen Ergebnisse aus publizierten kontrollierten Studien mit dem stabilen Prostazyklin-Analogon Iloprost (llomedin®) bei insgesamt über 1300 Patienten mit peripherer arterieller Verschlußkrankheit (pAVK) der Stadien III und IV und Thrombangiitis obliterans (TAO) analysiert.Obwohl in diesen Studien hauptsächlich Patienten, denen interventionell nicht mehr geholfen werden konnte (»austherapierte Patienten«), untersucht wurden, ergab sich ein positives Bild: Deutlich mehr Patienten profitieren von Iloprost als von Plazebobehandlung. Auch im Vergleich zu anderer medikamentöser Behandlung konnten Vorteile belegt werden. Als Langzeiteffekte konnten eine Senkung der Amputationsrate und eine verminderte Mortalität nachgewiesen werden. Die intravenöse Iloprost-Therapie stellt somit neben den interventioneilen und den Lyseverfahren nicht nur eine weitere Alternative dar. Kombinationen zwischen interventionellen Verfahren und Iloprost sollten weiter exploriert werden, die ersten Resultate sind vielversprechend.
Vasodilatative Prostanoide und pulmonale Strombahn
Authors: Seeger W , Walmrath D 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Prostanoide PGE1 und PGl2 besitzen eine ausgeprägte vasodilatative Potenz in der pulmonalen Zirkulation. Sie sind prinzipiell in der Lage, vasokonstriktive Stimuli mit präund/oder postkapillärer Lokalisation zu antagonisieren. Sie sind nach intravenöser Applikation jedoch nicht pulmonal selektiv, sondern biologisch wirksame Mengen gelangen auch in die systemische Zirkulation mit resultierender Abnahme des gesamtperipheren Widerstandes. Intravenös zugeführte vasodilatative Prostanoide besitzen zudem keine intrapulmonale Selektivität. Aufgrund ihres Wirkungsprofils und ihrer guten Titrierbarkeit stellen vasodilatative Prostanoide im intensivmedizinischen Bereich dennoch für ausgesuchte Patienten mit kritischer pulmonaler Hypertension und Rechtsherz-Dekompensation ein wertvolles therapeutisches Agens dar. Bei rechtskardialer Dekompensation im Rahmen der primären pulmonalen Hypertonie kann eine ambulante intravenöse Dauerinfusion von PGE1 oder PGI2 praktiziert werden, um eine Überbrückung zur (Herz-)Lungentransplantation zu erreichen. Bei Patienten mit ARDS und Sepsis sind vasodilatative Prostanoide mit dem Ziel eingesetzt worden, über eine Steigerung des Sauerstofftransportes und eine Beeinflussung mikrozirkulatorischer Verteilungsstörungen eine Steigerung der Sauerstoffaufnahme und somit der Reduktion der Organkomplikationen zu erreichen. Perspektivisch könnte eine Aerosolapplikation vasodilatativer Prostanoide hilfreich sein, eine pulmonale und intrapulmonale Selektivität der Vasodilatation durch diese Agenzien zu erzielen.