bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Echocardiographic Features of Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Biventricular Dysfunction in Children
Authors: Loss Karla L. , Cheng Andrew L. , Weisert Molly , Wang Shuo , Menteer JonDavid , Kantor Paul F. , Masood Imran R. , Su Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVD) is not well-understood in pediatric heart failure.
Objectives
To describe clinical and imaging features of children with isolated RVD and with biventricular dysfunction (BVD).
Methods
This is a retrospective single-center study evaluating patients (< 21 years) with biventricular anatomy and RVD on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) between 2015–2022. Echocardiographic, CMR, and clinical data were collected. We defined RVD as right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) < 45% on CMR, and RVEF < 35% was considered severe RVD. Patients were grouped as having isolated RVD, or BVD if concurrent LVEF was < 50%. Logistic regression was used to investigate if RV fractional area change (FAC) < 35%, qualitative RVD, and TAPSE Z-score by echocardiogram could predict severe RVD by CMR.
Results
Sixty-five patients were included, with a median age of 12.2 years. Thirty-two (49.2%) had isolated RVD, and 33 (50.8%) had BVD. Compared to BVD, patients with isolated RVD had higher RVEF (42.4% vs 36.9%, P < 0.001), milder symptoms (96.9% vs 57.6% were NYHA I-II, P < 0.001), and were less frequently on guideline-directed medical therapy (28.1% vs 48.5%, P = 0.036). Cardiac index (CI) was similar in both groups (2.9 vs. 2.4 ml/min/m2, P = 0.057). A combination of FAC < 35% and qualitative RVD by echocardiogram best correlated with severe RVD by CMR (AUC: 0.83; Sensitivity: 72.7%, Specificity: 88.9%).
Conclusion
Compared with pediatric patients with BVD, those with isolated RVD are less symptomatic despite having a similarly low CI. The combined presence of abnormal FAC and qualitative RVD by echocardiogram correlated with severe RVD by CMR.
Burdens and trends of pulmonary arterial hypertension at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2040: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
Authors: Li Letai , Zhang Yun , Chen Yutong , Liu Rui , Gao Yuanxueying , Zheng Jiaojiao , Xing Lingzhi , Dong Jun , Cao Zhenrui , Jiang Yingjiu , Leng Jiajie , Tie Hongtao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To estimate burdens and trends of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) globally, in five sociodemographic index(SDI) regions, 204 countries and territories around the world from 1990 to 2021 and further predicted its changes to 2040.
Methods
The estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals for deaths, incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of PAH were assessed from Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021. We described PAH epidemiology at global, 5 SDI regions, national levels, and analyzed 1990–2021 trends in PAH burden. It was investigated by overall description, joinpoint regression analysis, and decomposition analysis to explore PAH burden. BAPC analysis predicted changes of PAH trends to 2040.
Results
Compared with 1990, GBD 2021 estimated that number cases of 22,021 (95%UIs: 18,239 to 25,352) death cases, 191,808 (95%UIs: 155,357 to 235,787) prevalent cases, 43,251 (95%UIs: 34,705 to 52,441) incident cases, and 642,104 (95%UIs: 552,273 to 728,993) DALYs for PAH increased worldwide and the ASR values were decreased in 2021. The World Map of global 204 countries and territories ASR value of deaths, DALYs, incidence, and prevalence for PAH in 2021 were performed. In 5 SDI regions, the ASR values of incidence(0.71, 95%UIs: 0.58 to 0.85) and DALYs(9.3, 95%UIs: 6.08 to 13.2) for PAH were highest in low SDI regions in 2021 and declined as SDI levels rose. Whereas the ASR values for prevalence(2.64, 95%UIs: 2.15 to 3.23) of PAH in high SDI regions was highest in 2021 and decreased as SDI levels declined. The EAPC values of deaths and DALYs in PAH trended downward, whereas the EAPC values of incidence and prevalence tended towards stability from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression highlighted the rebound point of PAH burdens from 2006 to 2010 years. Decomposition analysis pointed out the proportion of the influence of aging, population, and epidemiological change on PAH burden. BAPC predicted a short-term decline and the long-term rise in the deaths, incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of PAH in China and global in 2040.
Conclusions
This study provided a comprehensive landscape about the burdens and trends for PAH at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2040.
Predicting Mainland Chinese Students in Malaysia’s AI based Chatbot Satisfaction and Academic Performance: Mediating Moderating Analysis
Authors: Na Meng , Deli Mazzlida Mat , Rauf Ummu Ajirah Abdul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing Mainland Chinese students' satisfaction with AI-based chatbots and their academic performance in Malaysian universities. By integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT), the research examines the roles of perceived risk, perceived enjoyment, trust, emotional value, internet addiction, reuse intention, satisfaction, and AI self-efficacy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 Mainland Chinese students using stratified random sampling. Data analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) reveals that perceived risk negatively influences satisfaction, while perceived enjoyment and trust positively affect reuse intention. Emotional value indirectly enhances academic performance through reuse intention, and AI self-efficacy moderates the relationships between reuse intention, internet addiction, and academic performance. The findings contribute to theoretical frameworks by expanding TAM to include emotional and trust-related factors, while also offering practical implications for improving AI-based educational tools in higher education settings. Future research should explore additional mediators and moderators to deepen the understanding of AI chatbot adoption and its impact on academic outcomes.
Soil phosphorus transformations along two long-term chronosequences with contrasting climate in south-western Australia
Authors: Zhong Hongtao , Zhou Jun , Turner Benjamin L. , Watson Flynn , Lambers Hans 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Soil organic phosphorus (P) and its chemical nature change markedly during long-term pedogenesis, but how variation in ecosystem water balance and associated differences in vegetation impact such transformations remain unclear.
Methods
We addressed this by using solution 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to assess the chemical nature of soil organic P along two > 2-million-year coastal sand dune chronosequences in south-western Australia characterized by contrasting ecosystem water balance. We sampled soils at both progressive and retrogressive stages of the ecosystem along the wetter Warren and drier Jurien Bay chronosequences.
Results
Organic P was a much greater proportion of the total soil P in the wetter Warren than the drier Jurien Bay chronosequence. However, the composition of soil organic and inorganic P detected by 31P-NMR spectroscopy was similar between the two chronosequences. Orthophosphate and simple phosphomonoesters were the dominant P species, and their proportional importance increased as soils age, constituting > 80% of soil total P at the late stages of soil development. However, no higher-order inositol phosphates were detected in either chronosequence, presumably due to the sandy texture and limited sorption capacity of the soils.
Conclusion
Overall, our results provide evidence that ecosystem water balance has little impact on the long-term soil organic P transformations during pedogenesis in Western Australia dune sequences.
ROS-ATM-CHK2 axis stabilizes HIF-1α and promotes tumor angiogenesis in hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Cao Liu , Bai Ming , Xu Pengzhi , Cheng Rong , Li Na , Cao Sunrun , Guo Qiqiang , Wang Xiaoxun , Li Chunlu , Bai Ning , Jiang Bo , Wu Xuan , Song Xiaoyu , Sun Chen , Zhao Mingfang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Hypoxia is an established hallmark of tumorigenesis. HIF-1α activation may be the prime driver of adaptive regulation of tumor cells reacting to hypoxic conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report a novel regulatory mechanism in charge of the fundamental stability of HIF-1α in solid tumor. Under hypoxic conditions, the checkpoint kinase CHK2 binds to HIF-1α and inhibits ubiquitination via phosphorylation of a threonine residue (Thr645), a formerly uncharacterized site within the inhibitory domain. Meanwhile, HIF-1α phosphorylation induced by CHK2 promotes complex formation between HIF1-α and the deubiquitination enzyme USP7, increasing stability under hypoxic conditions. This novel modification of the crosstalk between phosphorylation and ubiquitination of HIF-1α mediated by CHK2 enriches the post-translational modification spectrum of HIF-1α, thus offering novel insights into potential anti-angiogenesis therapies.
Significance Statement
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and one of the driving factors of genomic instability. HIF-1α is the most important regulator of adaptive regulation towards hypoxia. Here, a novel mechanism responsible for the constitutive stability of HIF-1α was demonstrated. During deprivation of oxygen, the checkpoint kinase CHK2 directly binds to HIF-1α and phosphorylates it at threonine residue (Thr645), which is independent of HIF-1α proline hydroxylation. Furthermore, phosphorylation of HIF-1α enhances its combination with deubiquitination enzyme USP7, thus increasing the stability of HIF-1α and leading to angiogenesis.
Investigating the Impact of Audiovisual Aids on Learning English Language Vocabulary Among Undergraduate Students in Jordan
Authors: BaniYounes Zein 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Audiovisual aids such as videos provide contextual clues that help learners infer the meaning of new vocabulary and grammar structures. For instance, a video showing a restaurant scene can help students understand food-related vocabulary and phrases in a real-life context. This study aimed to investigate the impact of using audiovisual aids in learning English Language vocabulary among the undergraduate students in Jordan. The researcher used a quasi-experimental approach to answer the research questions. Quasi-experimental design is frequently employed when researchers are unable to randomly assign individuals to teams in particular conditions or command a task due to ethical and technological constraints. The population consisted of the undergraduate students who are currently registered in the English department in Jordanian Universities. The initial sample consisted of 100 students registered in Jordan Universities. The findings yielded that mean score of the control group was 7.34 and that of the experimental group was 8.21, however these values still have significance as the value of (0.003) is lesser than the (p-value ≤ 0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, i.e., the experimental group students’ scores who got audiovisual aids were significantly different from the scores of the control group who got conventional approach. Thus, teaching of English Language vocabulary significantly impact the learning process of vocabulary compared to the conventional approaches. Furthermore, the ANOVA results demonstrate a significant difference in Jordanian learners' perceptions of audiovisual aids based on their level of education. The significant F-statistic (4.131) and the p-value (.000) indicate that the educational level has a meaningful impact on how learners view the effectiveness of these aids in learning English vocabulary. This research recommends incorporating a variety of audiovisual aids into language learning provides a richer, more dynamic experience. It supports different aspects of language acquisition and helps create a more holistic learning environment
Assessment of Hydropower Potential Using Hydrological Model and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Sangu River Basin, Chattogram in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahad Md. Iftaul , Shams S. M. Nasif 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The rising energy demands in Bangladesh necessitate the exploration of sustainable energy sources, with hydropower emerging as a promising option. The Sangu River, flowing through the Chittagong Hill Tracts, offers significant hydropower potential. This study employs advanced technologies such as remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate hydropower feasibility. The assessment process involved: (a) generating a Strahler stream network; (b) estimating the hydraulic head (H) for streams of fourth-order and higher; (c) identifying potential sites with hydraulic heads of 10 meters or more; (d) calibrating, validating, and regionalizing SWAT parameters for the basin; (e) constructing a flow duration curve (FDC); and (f) estimating the power potential at each identified site. The analysis revealed 45 potential sites across 13 sub-basins, with discharge rates and hydraulic heads ranging from 10 to 44 meters. The model’s performance was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.71) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS = 0.69), indicating high accuracy in the calibration and validation phases. The total hydropower potential of the Sangu River was estimated at 201.2 MW, 86.1 MW, and 43.4 MW at 50%, 75%, and 90% flow reliability, respectively. These findings suggest that hydropower development in the Sangu River basin could be crucial in addressing Bangladesh’s energy challenges while promoting sustainability.
Optimized Recovery of Ferulic Acid Using Morpholinium-Based Ionic Liquid: Electrical Conduction Effects and Process Efficiency
Authors: Rahman Nurul Aliaa , Yussof Hafizuddin Wan , Samsudin Ahmad Salihin , Bustam Mohamad Azmi , A.Rahman Roshanida , Idris Alamin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining attention for their remarkable ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and low environmental impact, making them ideal for various electrochemical applications. Beyond their role as ionic conductors, ILs have shown great promise in biotechnology, particularly for bioseparation and recovery of valuable compounds. Among these, Morpholinium-based ILs, particularly Morpholinium tetrafluoroborate ([MOR][BF4]), stand out as green alternative solvents for the efficient recovery of ferulic acid (FA) from mixed culture growth due to their low ecotoxicity and minimal inhibitory effects on microbial processes. This study aims to optimize FA recovery from mixed culture fermentation using [MOR][BF4] by employing a Central Composite Design (CCD) while also evaluating their conductivity through electrochemical studies using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In the optimization process, three fundamental parameters, namely inorganic salt concentration, phase ratio, and recovery time, were evaluated for their impact on FA recovery efficiency. A total of 26 experimental runs were conducted, resulting in a maximum FA recovery efficiency of 93.12% under optimal conditions of 0.06M ammonium chloride, a 1:5 phase ratio, and 45 minutes recovery time. The validation experiment revealed that FA recovery fell within the range of 90.35% and 91.57% under the optimum condition with less than 10% percentage error between the predicted and experimental results. Additionally, electrochemical characterization of [MOR][BF4] revealed a conductivity value of 0.324 mS.cm− 1 at ambient temperature, which is suitable for use in electrochemical materials, especially as an additive in electrolyte systems. Overall, this research represents a major advancement in the fields of electrochemistry and bioprocessing, providing a greener and more efficient approach for recovering valuable bioactive compounds.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Structurally Novel Genipin Derivatives as a Class of Multifunctional Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sha Mengdie , Xu Wenxue , Cheng Hongyan , Zhao Wenjie , Ma Xiaodong , Zhang Yanchun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The simultaneous modulation of multiple pathological factors may provide benefits for battling multifactorial diseases, exemplified by Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this work, based on the potential GSK-3β inhibitor Genipin, a biologically ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine, a series of Genipin derivatives were designed and synthesized for structure-activity relationship study focusing on GSK-3β suppressive activity. Among them, JD-5 and JD-7 exhibited enhanced GSK-3β inhibitory activity over Genipin, along with favorable neuroprotective activity. In addition, JD-5 effectively inhibited tau protein hyperphosphorylation at the concentration as low as 3.33 µM. All above, JD-5 with promising activity against multiple AD-related pathological factors, including GSK-3β, neuron damage, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation, merits further functional study and development.
WITHDRAWN: The ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene (rbcL) sequence reveals the genetic architecture of the African yam bean(Sphenostylis stenocarpa, Hochst
Authors: Edem Uduak Linus , Edu Ndem Enyogor , Osuagwu Aniefiok Ndubuisi , Emeagi Lasbrey Ikenna , EKERETTE Ekerette Emmanuel , Udensi Ugorji Obuagbu , AGBOR Bessong Reagan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Forty-seven African yam bean seed samples from Idomi, Obubra, Ekoli-Edda, Abakaliki, Jos and Ibadan, Nigeria, were assessed for genetic diversity using the rbcL gene marker. DNA was extracted, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted, and the products were sequenced. The data were analyzed using MEGA and Gene Alex software. The results showed that the phylogenetic tree for the rbcL gene in AYB revealed two groups. Genetic polymorphism indices revealed that among the 47 sequences of the rbcL gene evaluated, 66 sites were compared, which produced 54 and 12 polymorphic and monomorphic sites, respectively. There were 45 haplotypes with a haplotype diversity of 0.998 ± 0.005. Nucleotide diversity was 0.22741 ± 0.0003. There were 120 SNPs detected. The ratio of transversion to transition mutations was 76:14. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed 99% within and 1% within populations, while principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) did not reveal any traceable clustering pattern. The percentage variation as explained showed a cumulative percentage variation of 26.38%. The linear genetic distances within and among the investigated rbcL gene sequences ranged from 3.0000 to LGD ≥ 9.0000. LGD revealed the narrowest distance (3.60551) between TSs592 and TSs19. The widest LGD was 9.797959 between TSs111 and TSs19. These findings imply limited breeding and improvement efforts in AYB. The study underscores the underutilization of AYB, despite its potential for enhancing food security due to its nutritional qualities. Further exploration of AYB genetic resources is essential for crop improvement and conservation, aiming to unlock its full potential for sustainable utilization in agriculture.
Remote photoplethysmography with Anti-Interference Based on Spatio-Temporal Feature Enhancement
Authors: Shao Dangguo , Jin Jianhua , Ma Lei , Yi Sanli 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Remote physiological measurement estimates heart rate (HR) non-contact by analyzing skin color changes from facial videos. This non-intrusive method can be useful in healthcare, border security, and lie detection.These changes are subtle, imperceptible to the naked eye, and easily affected by variations in lighting and motion artifacts from the subject in front of the camera.Traditional methods often use aggressive noise reduction techniques in the presence of real-world noise, which can obscure heart rate information and lead to distorted detection.This study proposes a more effective method for remote heart rate detection that addresses interference by enhancing facial spatial geometric features using the progressive transformation properties of Recursive Spatial Transformation (ReST). It also integrates motion features obtained from optical flow for more stable spatiotemporal feature enhancement. Additionally, we introduce a Multi-Scale Temporal Convolution Module (TDCM) to capture periodic signal changes across different time scales, modeling the periodicity of heart rate signals from various scales to achieve robust recovery of rPPG signals.The entire model has only 30% of the parameters of PhysFormer. Experiments on multiple remote physiological signal measurement datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves heart rate estimation across various metrics, particularly showing strong robustness in handling videos with severe head movements.
Personal Protective Equipment Detection for Industrial Environments: A Lightweight Model Based on RTDETR for Small Targets
Authors: Wang Hao , Ma Jialin , Chen Wei , Han Qingbin , Lin Junfeng , Li Junyu , Yao Zijun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Existing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) detection research typically focuses on close-range scenarios, often neglecting small target detection in industrial surveillance. To address this gap, we propose LMD-RTDETR, a lightweight algorithm for small PPE targets. In the encoding stage of the neural network, we incorporated an Adaptive Inductive Frequency Learnable Position Encoding (AIFI-LPE) structure to enhance the model's ability to understand complex scenes. Additionally, the Dynamic Group Shuffle Transformer SlimNeck (DGST-SlimNeck) module and Multi-Path Spatial Semantic Feature Fusion (MP-SSFF) structure are optimized in the Neck network, enhancing the model's feature learning ability and achieving multi-scale feature fusion. These innovations significantly improve detection accuracy for small objects in complex scenes. We conducted extensive experiments on both a custom PPE dataset and the public VisDrone dataset. Compared to RT-DETR-r18 on the PPE dataset, LMD-RTDETR shows a 2.4% improvement in mean Average Precision at Intersection over Union thresholds from 50% to 95% (mAP@50:95). Simultaneously, it reduces parameters by 24.2% and computational complexity (Giga Floating Point Operations per Second, GFLOPs) by 6.8%. On the VisDrone dataset, it achieves an mAP@50 of 39.0%, demonstrating strong generalization capabilities. These results highlight LMD-RTDETR's effectiveness in small-target PPE detection within industrial settings, offering a balance between high accuracy and computational efficiency. Our work contributes to enhancing workplace safety through improved automated PPE detection, particularly in complex industrial environments with diverse monitoring conditions.