bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion detection from EEG recordings based on supervised and unsupervised dimension reduction
Authors: Liu Jingxin , Meng Hongying , Li Maozhen , Zhang Fan , Qin Rui , Nandi Asoke K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn recent years, researchers have been trying to detect human emotions from recorded brain signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, due to the high levels of noise from the EEG recordings, a single feature alone cannot achieve good performance. A combination of distinct features is the key for automatic emotion detection. In this paper, we present a hybrid dimension feature reduction scheme using a total of 14 different features extracted from EEG recordings. The scheme combines these distinct features in the feature space using both supervised and unsupervised feature selection processes. Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (mRMR) is applied to re‐order the combined features into max‐relevance with the labels and min‐redundancy of each feature. The generated features are further reduced with principal component analysis (PCA) for extracting the principal components. Experimental results show that the proposed work outperforms the state‐of‐art methods using the same settings in the publicly available DEAP data set.
Who stays in addiction treatment groups? Anxiety and avoidant attachment styles predict treatment retention and relapse
Authors: Marshall S. W. , Albery I. P. , Frings D. 
Published: March 2018

Attachment styles have been shown to be an important predictor of relationship quality and well‐being. They have also been linked with ability to function well in groups. Insecure attachment styles are thought to be an underlying cause of addiction and represent a target for change in one‐to‐one therapy. How attachment styles themselves affect group therapy for addiction is understudied. The current study addresses this gap by examining the effects of attachment styles on relapse and treatment retention amongst a population of people attending addiction therapy groups. Fifty‐eight individuals in such groups completed measures of attachment anxiety and avoidance. Participants were followed up 4 weeks later, and their continued treatment attendance and relapse status were recorded. In terms of treatment retention, high anxiety/high avoidant participants had the highest retention. In terms of relapse, low anxiety/high avoidant participants had the lowest rates. These results are discussed in terms of the potentially protective effects of avoidant attachment styles during group therapy and the role of anxiety attachment in the continued maintenance of both protective and risky personal relationships.
The evolving normative dimensions of ‘riot’: Towards an elaborated social identity explanation
Authors: Stott Clifford , Ball Roger , Drury John , Neville Fergus , Reicher Stephen , Boardman Andrea , Choudhury Sanjeedah 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe question of how normative form changes during a riot, and thus how collective behaviour spreads to different targets and locations, has been neglected in previous research, despite its theoretical and practical importance. We begin to address this limitation through a detailed analysis of the rioting in the London borough of Haringey in 2011. A triangulated analysis of multiple sources of data (including police reports, media accounts, and videos) finds a pattern of behaviour shifting from collective attacks on police targets to looting. A thematic analysis of 41 interview accounts with participants gathered shortly after the events suggests that a shared anti‐police identity allowed local postcode rivalries to be overcome, forming the basis of empowered action not only against the police but to address more long‐standing grievances and desires. It is argued that collective psychological empowerment operated in a ‘positive feedback loop’, whereby one form of collective self‐objectification (and perceived inability of police to respond) formed the basis of further action. This analysis of the development of new targets in an empowered crowd both confirms and extends the elaborated social identity model as an explanation for conflictual intergroup dynamics.
Academic Rigor in the College Classroom: Two Federal Commissions Strive to Define Rigor in the Past 70 Years
Authors: Francis Clay 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHistoric notions of academic rigor usually follow from critiques of the system—we often define our goals for academically rigorous work through the lens of our shortcomings. This chapter discusses how the Truman Commission in 1947 and the Spellings Commission in 2006 shaped the way we think about academic rigor in today's context.
Intermediate detection in real time using reactive surface desorption dielectric‐barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Hong , Yu Kai , Li Na , He Jing , You Hong , Jiang Jie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractReactive intermediates play key roles for reaction mechanism elucidation. A suitable tool for identifying the key intermediates is crucial and highly desirable. In this study, surface desorption dielectric‐barrier discharge ionization (reactive SDDBDI) was developed for characterization of the reactive intermediates. In reactive SDDBDI, the plasma is doped with a reagent before the plasma ions are directed at a cover slip surface bearing another analyte. Different from SDDBDI, reactive SDDBDI can be used both as an ambient ionization source and as a means to produce reagent ions for ambient ion/molecule reactions. The online derivation of 4‐aminophenol with trifluoroacetic anhydride demonstrated that reactive SDDBDI can be used for chemical analysis where improved specificity or sensitivity is required. The utility of this approach for real‐time detection of reactive intermediate was demonstrated by the Schiff‐base and Eberlin reactions. The formed intermediates and products could be readily detected and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. These results indicate that reactive SDDBDI can be used to generate reagent ions that undergo ion/molecule reactions in the open air with an analyte at condensed phase on a surface. Reactive SDDBDI has high‐efficiency ion transmission and high MS sensitivity. It is thus a potential tool to perform ambient ion/molecule reactions and detect reactive intermediates.
Additive response to multiple environmental stressors in the seagrass Zostera marina L.
Authors: Moreno‐Marín Francisco , Brun Fernando Guillermo , Pedersen Morten Foldager 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOngoing climate changes alter a broad range environmental variables in coastal ecosystems, which may lead to changes in species range distributions or collapse of populations. It is often assumed that changes in environmental parameters affect organisms in a nonadditive way and multifactorial experiments are therefore needed to obtain a better prediction of the effects of climate change. We studied experimentally how combinations of high temperature, low light and high nitrogen (HN) availability affect eelgrass (Zostera marina), which is an important foundation species on the northern hemisphere. Plants were cultured under optimal (15°C) and high (25°C) temperature, limiting and saturating light, and low and high ammonium availability in a 3‐factorial design. We found that individual exposure to heat and shade, respectively, had a negative effect on eelgrass while the effect of exposure to HN‐availability alone was less harmful. Exposure to combinations of two or three stressors simultaneously had a stronger (negative) effect on eelgrass than exposure to each stressor individually, but the combined effects of exposure to multiple stressors were largely similar to the expected additive responses. A synergetic effect was only found in case of mortality when eelgrass plants were exposed to all three stressors simultaneously. The effects of exposure to single or multiple stressors could largely be explained from alterations in the C‐budget of the plants: exposure to one or more stressors lowered the acquisition of C, drained the C‐reserves and sometimes allocated energy to defense or repair processes instead of growth resulting in reduced growth and higher mortality.
Application of statistical and computational methodology to predict brainstem dosimetry for trigeminal neuralgia stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Du Qian , Zhang Chi , Zhu Xiaofeng , Liang Xiaoying , Zhang Chi , Verma Vivek , Follet Kenneth , Wang Shuo , Fan Qiyong , Ma Rongtao , Zhou Sumin , Zheng Dandan 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo apply advanced statistical and computational methodology in evaluating the impact of anatomical and technical variables on normal tissue dosimetry of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).MethodsForty patients treated with LINAC‐based TN SRS with 90 Gy maximum dose were randomly selected for the study. Parameters extracted from the treatment plans for the study included three dosimetric output variables: the maximum dose to the brainstem (BSmax), the volume of brainstem that received at least 10 Gy (V10BS), and the volume of normal brain that received at least 12 Gy (V12). We analyzed five anatomical variables: the incidence angle of the nerve with the brainstem surface (A), the nerve length (L), the nerve width as measured both axially (WA) and sagittally (WS), the distance measured along the nerve between the isocenter and the brainstem surface (D), and one technical variable: the utilized cone size (CS). Univariate correlation was calculated for each pair among all parameters. Multivariate regression models were fitted for the output parameters using the optimal input parameters selected by the Gaussian graphic model LASSO. Repeated twofold cross‐validations were used to evaluate the models.ResultsMedian BSmax, V10BS, and V12 for the 40 patients were 35.7 Gy, 0.14 cc, and 1.28 cc, respectively. Median A, L, WA, WS, D, and CS were 43.7°, 8.8 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.7 mm, 4.8 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. Of the three output variables, BSmax most strongly correlated with the input variables. Specifically, it had strong, negative correlations with the input anatomical variables and a positive correlation with CS. The correlation between D and BSmax at −0.51 was the strongest correlation between single input and output parameters, followed by that between CS and V10BS at 0.45, and that between A and BSmax at −0.44. V12 was most correlated with cone size alone, rather than anatomy. LASSO identified an optimal 3‐feature combination of A, D, and CS for BSmax and V10BS prediction. Using cross‐validation, the multivariate regression models with the three selected features yielded stronger correlations than the correlation between the BSmax and V10BS themselves.ConclusionsFor the first time, an advanced statistical and computational methodology was applied to study the impact of anatomical and technical variables on TN SRS. The variables were found to impact brainstem doses, and reasonably strong correlation models were established using an optimized 3‐feature combination including the nerve incidence angle, cone size, and isocenter‐brainstem distance.
Effects of anesthesia on renal function and metabolism in rats assessed by hyperpolarized MRI
Authors: Qi Haiyun , Mariager Christian Østergaard , Lindhardt Jakob , Nielsen Per Mose , Stødkilde‐Jørgensen Hans , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: March 2018

PurposeAnesthesia is necessary for most animal studies requiring invasive procedures. It is well documented that various types of anesthesia modulate a wide variety of important metabolic and functional processes in the body, and as such, represent a potential limitation in the study design. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the renal functional and metabolic consequences of 3 typical rodent anesthetics used in preclinical MRI: sevoflurane, inaction, and a mixture of fentanyl, fluanisone, and midazolam (FFM).MethodsThe renal effects of 3 different classes of anesthetics (inactin, servoflurane, and FFM) were investigated using functional and metabolic MRI. The renal glucose metabolism and hemodynamics was characterized with hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI and by DCE imaging.ResultsRats receiving sevoflurane or FFM had blood glucose levels that were 1.3‐fold to 1.4‐fold higher than rats receiving inactin. A 2.9‐fold and 4.8‐fold increased 13C‐lactate/13C‐pyruvate ratio was found in the FFM mixture anesthetized group compared with the sevoflurane and the inactin anesthetized groups. The FFM anesthesia resulted in a 50% lower renal plasma flow compared with the sevoflurane and the inactin anesthetized groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrates different renal metabolic and hemodynamic changes under 3 different anesthetics, using hyperpolarized MR in rats. Inactin and sevoflurane were found to affect the renal hemodynamic and metabolic status to a lesser degree than FFM. Sevoflurane anesthesia is particularly easy to induce and maintain during the whole anesthesia procedure, and as such, represents a good alternative to inaction, although it alters the blood glucose level.
High Body Adiposity Drives Glucose Intolerance and Increases Cardiovascular Risk in Normoglycemic Subjects
Authors: Pérez‐Pevida Belén , Díaz‐Gutiérrez Jesús , Miras Alexander Dimitri , Silva Camilo , Romero Sonia , Salvador Javier , Escalada Javier , Frühbeck Gema 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the utility of the 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) value to discriminate between different cardiometabolic profiles and examine the role of body composition in predicting the associated increased risk for glucose impairment, beta‐cell dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsSubjects with normal fasting glucose completed a 2‐hour OGTT and were categorized to the carbohydrate metabolism alterations (CMAs) or the control group based on a 2‐hour glucose threshold of 7.8 mmol/L. Body composition, visceral adipose tissue, OGTT‐based parameters, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and smoking status were measured.ResultsSubjects with CMAs exhibited a significantly higher 1‐hour postload glucose level and a greater decline in beta‐cell function and CVRF profiles. After multivariate adjustment, an excess of total body and visceral fat was associated with an increased risk of CMAs, beta‐cell dysfunction, CVRFs, and lower whole‐body insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsThese data support the etiopathogenic role of body and visceral fat in the development of glucose derangements and CVRFs early on in the metabolic dysregulation process. Thus, body composition analysis and OGTT assessment performed in individuals with normal fasting glucose enable a better identification of patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and CVD.
From self‐assembled peptide‐ynes to peptide polyacetylenes and polydiacetylenes
Authors: Marafon Giulia , Motta Maria Angela , Toniolo Claudio , Moretto Alessandro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA set of four organogelators from an α‐amino acid derivative to a tetrapeptide, covalently linked to an acetylenic moiety, was studied in terms of polymerization efficiencies to afford peptide polyacetylenes and polydiacetylenes. Peptides were designed to improve the organogelator behavior via formation of intermolecular H‐bonding‐mediated β‐sheet networks as a function of their main‐chain length. The polymerization experiments were run under appropriate conditions for the various monomers with the aim at elucidating how the monomer self‐assembly process might influence polymer formation. Starting compounds and their corresponding polymers were characterized by a variety of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.
Molecular simulations of venom peptide‐membrane interactions: Progress and challenges
Authors: Deplazes Evelyne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBecause of their wide range of biological activities venom peptides are a valuable source of lead molecules for the development of pharmaceuticals, pharmacological tools and insecticides. Many venom peptides work by modulating the activity of ion channels and receptors or by irreversibly damaging cell membranes. In many cases, the mechanism of action is intrinsically linked to the ability of the peptide to bind to or partition into membranes. Thus, understanding the biological activity of these venom peptides requires characterizing their membrane binding properties. This review presents an overview of the recent developments and challenges in using biomolecular simulations to study venom peptide‐membrane interactions. The review is focused on (i) gating modifier peptides that target voltage‐gated ion channels, (ii) venom peptides that inhibit mechanosensitive ion channels, and (iii) pore‐forming venom peptides. The methods and approaches used to study venom peptide‐membrane interactions are discussed with a particular focus on the challenges specific to these systems and the type of questions that can (and cannot) be addressed using state‐of‐the‐art simulation techniques. The review concludes with an outlook on future aims and directions in the field.
Exploring the oncoproteomic response of human prostate cancer to therapeutic radiation using data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry
Authors: Keam Simon P. , Gulati Twishi , Gamell Cristina , Caramia Franco , Huang Cheng , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Kleifeld Oded , Neeson Paul J. , Haupt Ygal , Williams Scott G. 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionThe development of radioresistance in prostate cancer (PCa) is an important clinical issue and is still largely uninformed by personalized molecular characteristics. The aim of this study was to establish a platform that describes the early oncoproteomic response of human prostate tissue to radiation therapy (RT) using a prospective human tissue cohort.MethodsFresh and fixed transperineal biopsies from eight men with clinically localized tumors were taken prior to and 14 days following a single fraction of high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy. Quantitative protein analysis was achieved using an optimized protein extraction pipeline and subsequent data‐independent acquisition mass spectroscopy (DIA‐MS). Ontology analyses were used to identify enriched functional pathways, with the candidates further interrogated in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue biopsies from five additional patients.ResultsWe obtained a mean coverage of 5660 proteins from fresh tissue biopsies; with the principal post‐radiation change observed being an increase in levels amongst a total of 49 proteins exhibiting abundance changes. Many of these changes in abundance varied between patients and, typically to prostate cancer tissue, exhibited a high level of heterogeneity. Ontological analysis revealed the enrichment of the protein activation cascades of three immunological pathways: humoral immune response, leukocyte mediated immunity and complement activation. These were predominantly associated with the extracellular space. We validated significant expression differences in between 20% and 61% of these candidates using the separate fixed‐tissue cohort and established their feasibility as an experimental tissue resource by acquiring quantitative data for a mean of 5152 proteins per patient.DiscussionIn this prospective study, we have established a sensitive and reliable oncoproteomic pipeline for the analysis of both fresh and formalin‐fixed human PCa tissue. We identified multiple pathways known to be radiation‐responsive and have established a powerful database of candidates and pathways with no current association with RT. This information may be beneficial in the advancement of personalized therapies and potentially, predictive biomarkers.
The drug interaction potential of daprodustat when coadministered with pioglitazone, rosuvastatin, or trimethoprim in healthy subjects
Authors: Caltabiano Stephen , Mahar Kelly M. , Lister Karyn , Tenero David , Ravindranath Ramiya , Cizman Borut , Cobitz Alexander R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the likelihood of daprodustat to act as a perpetrator in drug–drug interactions (DDI) with the CYP2C8 enzyme and OATP1B1 transporter using the probe substrates pioglitazone and rosuvastatin as potential victims, respectively. Additionally, this study assessed the effect of a weak CYP2C8 inhibitor, trimethoprim, as a perpetrator of a DDI with daprodustat.This was a two‐part study: Part A assessed the effect of coadministration of daprodustat on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone and rosuvastatin in 20 subjects; Part B assessed the coadministration of trimethoprim on the pharmacokinetics of daprodustat in 20 subjects.Coadministration of 100 mg of daprodustat with pioglitazone or rosuvastatin had no effect on the plasma exposures of either probe substrate. When trimethoprim was coadministered with 25‐mg daprodustat plasma daprodustat AUC and Cmax increased by 48% and 28%, respectively. Additionally, AUC and Cmax for the metabolite GSK2531401 were decreased by 32% and 40%, respectively. Cmax for the other metabolites was slightly decreased (~8–15%) but no changes in AUC were observed.As 100‐mg daprodustat exceeds the planned top therapeutic dose, interaction potential of daprodustat as a perpetrator with substrates of the CYP2C8 enzyme and OATP1B1 transporters is very low. Conversely, daprodustat exposure (AUC and Cmax) is likely to increase moderately with coadministration of weak CYP2C8 inhibitors.
Deconvolution in mass spectrometry based proteomics
Authors: Xu Guang , Stupak Jacek , Yang Li , Hu Luokai , Guo Bo , Li Jianjun 
Published: March 2018

Mass spectrometry (MS) has played a vital role across a broad range of fields and applications in proteomics. The development of high‐resolution MS has significantly advanced biology in areas such as protein structure, function, post‐translational modification and global protein dynamics. The two most widely used MS ionization techniques in proteomics are electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). ESI typically yields multiple charge values for each molecular mass and an isotopic cluster for each nominal mass‐to‐charge (m/z) value. Although MALDI mass spectra typically contain only singly charged ions, overlapping isotope patterns can be problematic for accurate mass measurement.To overcome these challenges of overlapping isotope patterns associated with complex samples in MS‐based proteomics research, deconvolution strategies are being used. This manuscript describes a wide variety of deconvolution strategies, including de‐isotoping and de‐charging processes, deconvolution of co‐eluting isomers or peptides with different sequences in data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) and data‐independent acquisition (DIA) modes, and data analysis in intact protein mass determination, ion mobility MS, native MS, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange MS. It concludes with a discussion of future prospects in the development of bioinformatics and potential new applications in proteomics.