bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Streamline Method for Viscoplastic Oil Flow Simulation
Authors: Nevmerzhitskiy Yan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The work is devoted to the application of the streamline method for modeling nonisothermal nonlinear flow of viscoplastic oils. Two-dimensional plane problem of flow of water, gas and viscoplastic oil. The oil phase consists of two pseudocomponents: light and heavy fractions, which can gasify. The aqueous phase is represented only by one component, which can also gasify. During the simulation, the dependence of oil rheology on temperature is taken into account.
The distinctive feature of the proposed streamline method is consideration of the process of integration of the system of flow equations integrations as a set of quasiequilibrium states, which are achived by simulation on a global grid during the relaxation time. Between these states, the calculation is carried out on the streamlines. This approach allows to account for changes of pressure, temperature, saturations during solving a system, rather than using streamlines to calculate temperature and saturations at a fixed pressure.
Verification of the developed program was carried out by comparison with the results of calculations on commercial software. The convergence of the method when changing the number of streamlines, grids on streamlines, as well as the relationship between the times of calculations on the global grid and streamlines was also investigated.
To study the efficiency of thermal methods of enhanced oil recovery in reservoirs with viscoplastic oils, test calculations were performed on the element of a five-spot pattern. In addition, the informativeness of standard techniques for well tests interpretation for viscoplastic oils has been investigated, and recommendations have been made to determine threshold pressure gradient by well test results.
Creation of Complex Hydraulic Fractures Due to Macroscopic Rock Heterogeneity
Authors: AlTammar Murtadha J. , Sharma Mukul M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hydraulic fracture complexity in unconventional formations, such as shales, has been predominantly associated with the interaction of hydraulic fractures with pre-existing natural fractures. In this study, we demonstrate a novel experimental evidence that shows complex fractures can be induced in intact specimens that are mechanically heterogeneous in the absence of any pre-existing fractures.
Synthetic materials are used to cast sheet-like, porous test specimens that have strongly-bonded layers with different mechanical properties. The layered specimen is placed between two thick, transparent plates and constant, anisotropic far-field stresses are applied to the specimen. Fracturing fluid is injected in the center of the specimen, and the induced fracture trajectories are captured with high resolution digital images and subsequent image processing.
First, we show that a bi-wing, planar fracture is induced in the layered specimen along the maximum far-field stress direction when the applied differential stress is relatively high. However, when the applied differential stress is relatively low, the induced fractures become complex with multiple wings and nonplanar trajectories. Fracture complexity can also arise under relatively high differential stress when the hydraulic fracture is induced in a thin layer bounded by thicker and harder layers. When the applied differential stress is zero or extremely low, the induced hydraulic fractures become notably less complex, and the fracture propagation direction becomes controlled by the specimen heterogeneity.
Recent field evidence by coring through a stimulated rock volume (SRV) in the Eagle Ford Shale showed the formation of complex fractures despite the sparseness of pre-existing fractures in the cored sections of the SRV. Using well-controlled laboratory experiments, our results prove that rock heterogeneity is a plausible and important mechanism for generating complex fractures.
Improving Well Stimulation Technology Based on Acid Stimulation Modeling, Lab and Field Data Integration
Authors: Khuzin Rinat , Shevko Nikolay , Melnikov Sergey 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Formation damage of near wellbore zone, which occurs during different well operations (drilling, workover), has dramatic influence on well productivity. To improve well performance the removal of damage or creation of new channels, which bypass damage zone, is necessary. For solving this issue, the acid matrix stimulation is widely used in carbonate reservoirs. In order to design and optimize stimulation treatments the simulation modeling is widely used nowadays. One of the critical issues, which influence the stimulation efficiency, is estimation of near wellbore damage zone parameters and taking them into account during stimulation design preparation. Usually this zone is described as the uniform zone with permeability, which is different from reservoir permeability. However, in reality its structure is complex and contains at least two damage subzones with significantly different parameters. Moreover, in case of perforation the created channels can have a positive as well as a negative effect on near well bore zone. The influence of these subzones is also not taken into account in used in practice models for calculation of skin factor due to presence of perforation. These factors influence the efficiency of acidizing stimulation and should be taken into account in modeling process.
In this paper, we present details of the approach, which takes into account the complexity of near well bore damage zone and its modification during acid stimulation. For this purpose the combined skin factor is introduced that takes into account the present damage subzones with different permeabilities, perforation channels, wormholes, relative permeabilities and viscosities of pumped fluids and their changes during acidizing process.
The combined skin factor approach was implemented into created simulator for matrix acid stimulation, which is used successfully in designing and optimization of stimulation operations on the Company's carbonate fields.
The paper, in the example of one of the green oil fields, describes the evolution of well completion and stimulation technologies based on acid matrix stimulation modeling and integration of laboratory and field data.
The proposed recommendations allowed to reach the values of skin factor up to −5 and involve into production up to 95% of reservoir thickness.
Beneficial Effects of thoracic epidural anaesthesia on mortality after elective surgery for colon cancer: a survey of 215 consecutive patients
Authors: Moormann Simon , Rübsam Marie Luise , Warnking Eva , Gottschalk Antje , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Aken Hugo Van , Doll Dietrich , Hagemann Olaf , Hönemann Christian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of death in the industrial world. The mortality and morbidity rates depend on the incidence of postoperative complications and cancer recurrence. Data from basic science support the view that regional anaesthesia reduces perioperative stress levels, potentially resulting in a lower risk of complications and cancer relapse.
Methods:  We compared short and long-term outcome data in 215 patients who underwent open colon cancer surgery by the same surgeon and the same oncologist. 83 patients received general anesthesia plus thoracic epidural analgesia (EPI group) and 132 patients received general anaesthesia alone (GA group). Oncological data from a state-wide follow-up database were included. The effects of different perioperative anaesthetic techniques on patients’ short and long-term outcome (36 month) were statistically analysed (Pearson’s chi-squared test, Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test) as appropriate. A Kaplan Meyer Analysis for survival was performed and analysed by Wilcoxon rank sum test.
Results: With the exception of a significantly higher prevalence of arterial hypertension in the EPI group in comparison with the GA group, there were no differences in demographic, tumour staging data and cancer recurrence rates between the groups. However, mortality rates were significantly different between the groups. 37 of 132 GA patients (28%) died within 36 months, in comparison with 14 of 83 EPI patients (16.9%, P < 0.05). Patients over the age of 70 in particular significantly benefited from perioperative epidural analgesia and had a significantly better survival compared with patients without perioperative epidural analgesia (p<0.05).
Discussion: Perioperative use of epidural analgesia reduces the 36-month postoperative mortality rate. This effect may be due to systemic effects of local anaesthetics or to a reduced stress response caused by the thoracic epidural analgesia itself.
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia
Authors: Yazie Teshiwal Deress , Tebeje Mekonnen Girma 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus is one of the major public health concerns globally. It is highly infectious and can be transmitted from person to person through vertically or horizontally via contaminated body fluids. Despite the provision of an effective vaccine, it remains a major problem worldwide, particularly among the developing countries.
Methods: Online electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, and WHO Afro Library were searched and published articles from 2010 to June 8, 2019, were considered. Both authors independently screened articles and extracted the data. Funnel-Plots and Egger’s test statistics were used to determine the presence of small-study effects and publication bias. The pooled prevalence of HBV was analyzed using the random-effects model. The possible sources of heterogeneity was analyzed through subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression.
Results: The overall pooled prevalence of HBV was 6% and among subgroups, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and HIV positive patients accounted for 5% for each group. Relatively low prevalence (4%) was obtained among blood donors. The Egger’s test statistics ( p =0.747) indicated the absence of publication bias. In addition, from the sensitivity analysis, there was no influence on the overall effect estimate while removing a single study at a time. The level of heterogeneity was reduced among pregnant women, HIV positive and studies with unknown sampling techniques. After conducting meta-regression, province, study group, screening method, and quality of papers were identified as sources of heterogeneity.
Conclusions: The overall pooled prevalence of HBV in Ethiopia was high. Strengthening and scaling up of the scope of the existing vaccination program and implementing novel approaches including screen-and-treat could be implemented to reduce the burden of the disease. Generally, the study can provide current prevalence estimate of HBV that could vital for intervention to tackle the disease.
Qualitative Evaluation of a Community Health Representative Program on Patient Experiences in Navajo Nation
Authors: Lalla Amber , Salt Shine , Schrier Elizabeth , Brown Christian , Curley Cameron , Muskett Olivia , Begay Mae-Gilene , Shirley Lenora , Clark Clarina , Singer Judy , Shin Sonya , Nelson Adrianne Katrina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background:Community Health Representatives (CHRs) overcome health disparities in Native communities by delivering home care, health education, and community health promotion. The Navajo CHR Program partners with the non-profit Community Outreach and Patient Empowerment (COPE), to provide home-based outreach to Navajo clients living with diabetes. COPE has created an intervention (COPE intervention) focusing on multiple levels of improved care including trainings for CHRs on Motivational Interviewing and providing CHRs with culturally-appropriate education materials. The objective of this research is to understand the participant perspective of the CHR-COPE collaborative outreach through exploring patient-reported outcomes (PROs)of clients who consent to receiving the COPE intervention (COPE clients)using a qualitative methods evaluation.Methods:Seven COPE clients were selected to participate in semi-structured interviews one year after finishing COPE to explore their perspective and experiences. Qualitative interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify themes.Results:Through qualitativesemi-structuredinterviews, clients revealed that health education delivered by CHRs facilitated lifestyle changes by helping them understand key health indicators and setting achievable goals through the use of accessible material and encouragement. Clients felt comfortable with CHRs who respected traditional practices and made regular visits. Clients also appreciated when CHRs educatedtheir family members, who in turn were better able to support the client in their health management. Finally, CHRs who implemented the COPE intervention helped patients who were unable to regularly see a primary care doctor for critical care and support in their disease management. Conclusion:The COPE-CHR collaboration facilitated trusting client-CHR relationships and allowed clients to better understand their diagnoses. Further investment in materials that respect traditional practices and aim to educate clients' families may foster these relationships and improve health outcomes.
Preference of Traditional Bone setting and associated factors among trauma patients with fracture at Black Lion Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institution Based cross sectional study
Authors: Worku Nardos , Tewelde Tsegaye , Abdissa Biru , Merga Hailu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective Despite the access and availability of modern health care, traditional bone setting (TBS) has a big place as alternative health care. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the preference of traditional bone setting and associated factors among patients with a fracture. Results A total of 224 patients known to have fractured at Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa was included in the study. This study revealed that 29.9% of the study participants had a preference for the traditional bone setting. Hospital admission (AOR=8.158, 95% CI: 1.179, 56.439), TBS center as first port of call after injury (AOR=0.004, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.090), knowledge (AOR=9.448, 95% CI: 1.481, 60.251) and perception (AOR=0.026, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.215) were statistically significant. The preference for the traditional bone setting is high. Hospital admission, traditional bone setting center as a first port of call after injury, knowledge, and perception were significantly associated with the preference of traditional bone setting. In addition to deployment of trained in trauma professionals, working more on awareness creation and training are recommended.
Comparison of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to construct a new model for the promotion of starch synthesis by ABA in Euryale ferox Salisb. seeds
Authors: Wu Peng , Li Xiang , Liu Xian , Xu Xu , Zhang Yu , Li Liangjun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Euryale ferox Salisb. is an annual aquatic herb and the only species belonging to the genus Euryale in the Nymphaeaceae family. E. ferox seeds are used in medicine and diet s. Starch is the main factor affecting E. ferox seed quality, but its regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. Results: Herein, four time points of seed development, including after flowering T1 (10 days), T2 (20 days), T3 (30 days) and T4 (40 days), were investigated by using RNA-Seq and iTRAQ technology. Using weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNAs), co-expressed genes and hub genes were identified for each module. Of particular importance are the discoveries of specific modules for seed starch during the seed developmental stages. The candidate regulators of seed starch are involved in the hormonal signaling pathways. Three ABA signaling receptor kinases, EfPYR1, EfSnRK2.1 and EfSnRK2.2 , were identified as hub genes functioning in starch synthesis during the seed maturation process. The changes in expression pattern, ABA and starch content also indicated that ABA is positively correlated with starch. Conclusions: Together, these results indicate that E. ferox seed accumulation of starch is promoted by ABA, providing new insights into the regulatory mechanism of starch synthesis in E. ferox seeds.
HPV Genotypes and Epidemiology in Women With Cervical Cancer in Senegal
Authors: NIANE kHADIDIATOU , DIAGNE Cheikh Tidiane , DIOP Gora , DIA Ndongo , TALLA Cheikh , LOUCOUBAR Cheikh , NDIAYE Moussa , Niang Mbayame , DIALLO Aissatou , KA Sidy , DIEYE Alioune , Sall Amadou Alpha , DEM Ahmadou 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, cervical cancer is increasing steadily, with more than 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths a year (Mboumba et al., 2017). In Senegal, pathologies such as cervical cancer are at the top of the causes of death and Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the aetilogical agent (Steenbergen et al., 2005). MethodsThe aim of the study is to analyze the distribution of HPV among Senegalese women with cervical cancer. Main objectives of this study are to identify the HPV types associated or “co-associated” with cervical oncogenesis in Senegal. The correlations with risk factors of cervix carcinogenesis, with risk factors, were analyze too. Cervical biopsies were performed on women hospitalized at Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Three methods has been used to detect HPV genotypes - SANGERsequencing genotyping (Applied BioSystems), PCR real-time approach technique (HPV 16 & 18 RealTime PCR kit) (www.bioneer.co.kr) and the genotyping approach from Chippron (HPV kit 3.5 LCDArray) (info@chipron.com). Results It this study, patients had multiple infections (co-infections) at all, and the majority of coinfections was High-risk types (HR-HPV types). The most common type of HPV in our study were 16 (34.37%), 18 (23.29%), 45 (10.75%), 33 (9.94%), 59 (9.09%), (3.97%) and 31 (3.69%). Among co-infections detected in different regions of Senegal among women with cervical cancer, we found that HPV types 16 and 18 had the highest prevalence. In the Dakar region, which had the highest number of cases, a prevalence of 17.89% of HR-HPV co-infections was noted. ConclusionPolygamy represents a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women. No association between HPV-High Risk co-infections and cancer stages.
Implementing a community model of early pregnancy care
Authors: Cox Rebecca , Khalid Somia , Brierley Gemma , Forsyth Annie , McNamara Ruth , Heppell Victoria , Granne Ingrid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction In the UK Early Pregnancy Assessment Units (EPAUs) are usually situated alongside hospital maternity and gynaecology services. In June 2018, the Oxford EPAU relocated from the John Radcliffe Hospital to a community clinic. This is to our knowledge, the UK’s first community-based EPAU. This change was inspired by our patient feedback describing the co-location of the EPAU with maternity services as distressing.Methods Following the introduction of the community EPAU we developed a database to capture information on the patients seen in the clinic. This is a retrospective observational study of a single cohort of patients attending the clinic over an 8 month period. Data was collected from 1st July 2018 to 28th February 2019. This data included clinical, safety and patient experience outcomes.Results 2920 patient episodes were recorded, 1932 were new patients. 72.2% were diagnosed as viable pregnancies, 389 miscarriages were diagnosed, of which 84.1% were incomplete/missed and 15.9% were complete. Once miscarriage was confirmed 48.6% chose conservative management, 19.9% chose medical management, and 31.5% chose surgical management. 25 ambulance transfers occurred due to ruptured ectopic, suspected ectopic, heavy bleeding, collapse, or ectopic with no personal transport. 32 unplanned admissions from patients seen in EPAU accounted for 2.7% of all patients seen in EPAU. 58 patients had ultrasonographically confirmed or suspected ectopic pregnancies- 3% of patients seen in clinic. Patient feedback questionnaires have been consistently positive. Conclusion The development of a community EPAU has improved services to allow care closer to home in an environment separate from maternity care. Our data shows that a community EPAU is safe, can deliver good patient care and is a service valued by patients. Further research is indicated to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of community EPAUs and the long term safety and effectiveness of care.
Oncology nurses’ experiences with the implementation and trial of video communication in the follow-up of cancer patients in primary care: a pilot study in Norway
Authors: Rygg Lisbeth Østgaard , Brataas Hildfrid V. , Nordtug Bente 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Cancer survival has increased significantly over the last decade. An increasing number of patients require long-term health care. There is a need for new models of effective follow-up in primary cancer care.Objective: The aim was to provide knowledge about oncology nurses’ (ONs’) experiences and perceptions of the use of video communication (VC) to follow up with patients living at home.Methods: This was a descriptive, qualitative study of ONs’ experiences with implementing and trying VC. Data were gathered after a 3-month trial. Individual interviews were content analyzed.Results: Four female ONs participated. The study provides knowledge about the introduction of VC and its influences on follow-up care.Conclusions: With the provision of technical support and training during the introduction of VC and with the protection of patient safety, VC seems to be an effective addition to the traditional follow-up of cancer patients living at home. The findings indicate that VC can be used in primary cancer care. Our findings have practical consequences for nursing leaders considering VC in patient follow-up. Additional research is necessary.
Impact of Medical Professionals on Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Moderation Effect of Workload Based on the Panel Data in China
Authors: Han Meng , Zhang Xinping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes serious increase in morbidity, mortality and costs, especially carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Medical professionals play an important role in tackling AMR. Available studies overlooked the impact of workload on medical professionals in the relationship between medical professionals and AMR. This study explored the relationship between medical professionals and CRPA rate and the moderation effect of medical professionals’ workload in this relationship from a macro perspective. Methods: Based on panel data in China, hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore moderation effect of workload on medical professionals and CRPA rate. Fixed-effect model was applied to estimate the moderation effect models. Medical professionals were measured by the numbers of physicians, registered nurses, pharmacists, clinical microbiologists per 1000 populations. Workload was measured by the number of daily visits of physicians. Results: The numbers of physicians, registered nurses, pharmacists and clinical technicians were signiﬁcant negative with CRPA rate (Coef. = -0.889, -0.775,-1.176, -0.822; P= 0.003, 0.003, 0.011, 0.007, respectively). Workload had significant positive moderation effect between physicians, registered nurses, pharmacists, clinical technicians and CRPA rate (Coef.= 1.270, 1.400, 2.210, 1.634; P=0.004, 0.001, 0.035, 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: Increasing medical professionals may help curb CRPA. Measures to reduce medical professionals’ workload should be implemented to improve CRPA performance further.