bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and population genomics of a lotic water beetle across a complex tropical landscape
Authors: Lam Athena Wai , Gueuning Morgan , Kindler Carolin , Van Dam Matthew , Alvarez Nadir , Panjaitan Rawati , Shaverdo Helena , White Lloyd T. , Roderick George K. , Balke Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe habitat template concept applied to a freshwater system indicates that lotic species, or those which occupy permanent habitats along stream courses, are less dispersive than lentic species, or those that occur in more ephemeral aquatic habitats. Thus, populations of lotic species will be more structured than those of lentic species. Stream courses include both flowing water and small, stagnant microhabitats that can provide refuge when streams are low. Many species occur in these microhabitats but remain poorly studied. Here, we present population genetic data for one such species, the tropical diving beetle Exocelina manokwariensis (Dytiscidae), sampled from six localities along a ~300 km transect across the Birds Head Peninsula of New Guinea. Molecular data from both mitochondrial (CO1 sequences) and nuclear (ddRAD loci) regions document fine‐scale population structure across populations that are ~45 km apart. Our results are concordant with previous phylogenetic and macroecological studies that applied the habitat template concept to aquatic systems. This study also illustrates that these diverse but mostly overlooked microhabitats are promising study systems in freshwater ecology and evolutionary biology. With the advent of next‐generation sequencing, fine‐scale population genomic studies are feasible for small nonmodel organisms to help illuminate the effect of habitat stability on species’ natural history, population structure and geographic distribution.
Regional variation in drivers of connectivity for two frog species (Rana pretiosa and R. luteiventris) from the U.S. Pacific Northwest
Authors: Robertson Jeanne M. , Murphy Melanie A. , Pearl Christopher A. , Adams Michael J. , Páez‐Vacas Mónica I. , Haig Susan M. , Pilliod David S. , Storfer Andrew , Funk W. Chris 
Published: July 2018

AbstractComparative landscape genetics has uncovered high levels of variability in which landscape factors affect connectivity among species and regions. However, the relative importance of species traits versus environmental variation for predicting landscape patterns of connectivity is unresolved. We provide evidence from a landscape genetics study of two sister taxa of frogs, the Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) and the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) in Oregon and Idaho, USA. Rana pretiosa is relatively more dependent on moisture for dispersal than R. luteiventris, so if species traits influence connectivity, we predicted that connectivity among R. pretiosa populations would be more positively associated with moisture than R. luteiventris. However, if environmental differences are important drivers of gene flow, we predicted that connectivity would be more positively related to moisture in arid regions. We tested these predictions using eight microsatellite loci and gravity models in two R. pretiosa regions and four R. luteiventris regions (n = 1,168 frogs). In R. pretiosa, but not R. luteiventris, connectivity was positively related to mean annual precipitation, supporting our first prediction. In contrast, connectivity was not more positively related to moisture in more arid regions. Various temperature metrics were important predictors for both species and in all regions, but the directionality of their effects varied. Therefore, the pattern of variation in drivers of connectivity was consistent with predictions based on species traits rather than on environmental variation.
Patrol Route Planning for Incident Response Vehicles under Dispatching Station Scenarios
Authors: Hajibabai Leila , Saha Debashis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTraffic incidents often contribute to major safety concerns, impose additional congestion in the neighboring transportation networks, and induce indirect costs to economy. As roughly a third of traffic crashes are secondary accidents, effective incident management activities are critical, especially on roadways with high traffic volume, to detect, respond to, and clean up incidents in a timely fashion, which supports safety constraints and restores traffic capacity in the transportation network. Hence, it is beneficial to simultaneously plan for first respondents’ dispatching station location and patrol route design to mitigate congestion. This article presents an optimal route planning for patrolling vehicles to facilitate quick response to potential accidents. A mixed‐integer nonlinear program is proposed that minimizes the respondents’ patrolling travel cost based on the expected maximum response time from each arbitrary location to all incident locations (a.k.a. hotspots) with various incident occurrence probabilities. We have developed a column generation‐based solution technique to solve the route optimization model under different station design scenarios. To investigate the impact of dispatching station design on the routing cost, an integrated genetic algorithm framework with embedded continuous approximation approach is developed that reduces the complexity of the hybrid location design and route planning problem. Numerical experiments on hypothetical networks of various sizes are conducted to indicate the performance of the proposed algorithm and to draw managerial insights. The models and solution techniques, developed in this article, are applicable to a number of network problems that simultaneously involve routing and facility location choices.
Suppression of nbe‐miR166h‐p5 attenuates leaf yellowing symptoms of potato virus X on Nicotiana benthamiana and reduces virus accumulation
Authors: Wang Shu , Cui Weijun , Wu Xinyang , Yuan Quan , Zhao Jinping , Zheng Hongying , Lu Yuwen , Peng Jiejun , Lin Lin , Chen Jianping , Yan Fei 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in plant development. There is increasing evidence that changed expression of miRNAs in virus‐infected plants contributes to the development of viral symptoms. Here, we analysed the altered expression of miRNAs of Nicotiana benthamiana in response to Potato virus X (PVX) by Illumina Solexa sequencing. One of the 21 miRNAs significantly affected, nbe‐miR166h‐p5, was closely associated with viral symptoms. Using the Tobacco rattle virus‐based miRNA suppression (VbMS) system, we found that the suppression of nbe‐miR166h‐p5 in plants caused leaves to turn dark green with increased chlorophyll. When PVX was inoculated on nbe‐miR166h‐p5‐suppressed plants, the leaf yellowing symptom of PVX was largely attenuated with less reduction in chlorophyll content, and the accumulation of PVX was decreased. nbe‐miR166h‐p5 was also up‐regulated in plants infected by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), and its suppression attenuated the leaf yellowing symptom of TuMV and decreased viral accumulation. Three potential targets of nbe‐miR166h‐p5 were identified. The results indicate the association of nbe‐miR166h‐p5 with symptoms of PVX and also with those of TuMV, providing useful information on the relationship between miRNA and viral infection.
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae chemotaxis components and chemoreceptor Mcp2 are involved in the sensing of constituents of xylem sap and contribute to the regulation of virulence‐associated functions and entry into rice
Authors: Kumar Verma Raj , Samal Biswajit , Chatterjee Subhadeep 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe Xanthomonas group of phytopathogens causes several economically important diseases in crops. In the bacterial pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), it has been proposed that chemotaxis may play a role in the entry and colonization of the pathogen inside the host. However, components of the chemotaxis system, including the chemoreceptors involved, and their role in entry and virulence, are not well defined. In this study, we show that Xoo displays a positive chemotaxis response to components of rice xylem sap—glutamine, xylose and methionine. In order to understand the role of chemotaxis components involved in the promotion of chemotaxis, entry and virulence, we performed detailed deletion mutant analysis. Analysis of mutants defective in chemotaxis components, flagellar biogenesis, expression analysis and assays of virulence‐associated functions indicated that chemotaxis‐mediated signalling in Xoo is involved in the regulation of several virulence‐associated functions, such as motility, attachment and iron homeostasis. The ∆cheY1 mutant of Xoo exhibited a reduced expression of genes involved in motility, adhesins, and iron uptake and metabolism. We show that the expression of Xoo chemotaxis and motility components is induced under in planta conditions and is required for entry, colonization and virulence. Furthermore, deletion analysis of a putative chemoreceptor mcp2 gene revealed that chemoreceptor Mcp2 is involved in the sensing of xylem sap and constituents of xylem exudate, including methionine, serine and histidine, and plays an important role in epiphytic entry and virulence. This is the first report of the role of chemotaxis in the virulence of this important group of phytopathogens.
Genotyping by sequencing of 270 Indica rice varieties revealed genetic markers probably related to heavy metal accumulation
Authors: Liang Yuhu , Dong Xiao , Ni Xuemei , Wang Qi , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Hou Junliang , Liang Manzhong , Chen Liangbi , Zhang Gengyun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGenotyping by sequencing (GBS) has been applied to identify genetic markers in crops for trait association and breeding purposes. Here, we applied GBS technology to study a natural population of 270 Indica rice strains, which resulted in identification of 79,545 genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using these SNPs, we found the close relationship between the 270 Indica rice strains. Furthermore, we tested the feasibility of using these 270 Indica strains in studying important rice traits by analysing the cadmium and other metal accumulation of these strains and correlating the traits with genetic markers. We identified 32 SNPs to be associated with cadmium (Cd) accumulation, explaining 61.25% of the Cd concentration variances in grains. The genetic markers provided here are valuable resources for future rice studies, and further characterization of the candidate loci identified in this study can also aid the development of low Cd‐accumulating rice varieties.
Economic evaluation of sexed semen use in Iranian dairy farms according to field data
Authors: Jabarzareh Ali , Sadeghi‐Sefidmazgi Ali , Ghorbani GholamReza , Cabrera Victor 
Published: July 2018

ContentsIn this study, at first, the reproductive consequences of sexed semen use were quantified and then the cost‐benefit of sexed semen use on Iranian commercial dairy farms was evaluated. Retrospective data collected during 2006 to 2013 from four large dairy farms in the Isfahan province of Iran were used for this study. These data included of 13,003 heifers records, from which 11.2% used sexed semen from 33 different bulls. All data were analysed using a multivariable logistical regression model, GENMOD procedure from SAS software. The analyses included economic values (EVs) when sexed semen was used in 1, 2 and 3 consecutive services compared with conventional semen use for all insemination. Results showed that rates of female born from sexed semen (86.3%) were 1.8 times higher than those from conventional semen (48.5%). Conception rates were 43.8% for sexed and 59.2% for conventional semen (p < 0.0001). Abortion (4.4% vs. 5.4%) and stillbirth (8.4% vs. 7.2%) rates were not significantly different between sexed and conventional semen (p = 0.09). Dystocia rates were 15.5% for sexed and 19.6% for conventional semen (p = 0.002). Sexed semen use showed negative EVs through all investigated scenarios. The EVs from the implementation of 1, 2 and 3 sexed semen breedings were estimated to be $−6.69, $−14.01 and $−19.08, respectively. Total insemination cost and increased cost of age at first calving were the most important components associated with negative EV for sexed semen. Sensitivity analysis showed that proportion of conception rates of sexed semen to conventional semen and female calf value were the most important biological and economic factors influencing on the EV of sexed semen, respectively. Breakeven would be obtained with 77.4%–79.3% conception rates or female calf value of $719.5–$754.7 through investigated breeding scenarios when all other factors remained the same.
Morphological evaluation of Prochilodus lineatus embryos after vitrification–thawing in high‐osmolarity cryoprotectant solution
Authors: Costa Raphael da Silva , Capuzzo Caio de Souza , Ribeiro Cristiele da Silva , Verissimo‐Silveira Rosicleire , Siqueira‐Silva Diógenes Henrique de , Senhorini José Augusto , Ninhaus‐Silveira Alexandre 
Published: July 2018

ContentsWe aimed to vitrify embryos of Prochilodus lineatus in a high‐osmolarity cryoprotectant solution, evaluating, after the vitrification–thawing process, their morphological changes. Thus, 240 embryos in the 20‐somite phase (20S) were exposed for 20 min to one main internal cryoprotectant solution (1,2‐propanediol—PROP), divided into four immersion sequence steps of five minutes each. The first three steps were performed in solutions containing only a main internal cryoprotectant (PROP—2, 3 and 4 M), and the fourth step in a high‐osmolarity solution combining internal (PROP + dimethyl sulphoxide—Me2SO) and external cryoprotectants (sucrose—SUC). The final concentration of vitrification was PROP 5 M + Me2SO 5 M + SUC 0.2 M. During vitrification, the straws exhibited a translucent solid appearance; however, during thawing, their structure became totally opaque and white. After thawing, the embryos suffered an increase in volume and presented morphological changes including protrusions on the surface of the yolk sac, yolk sac rupture, and optical vesicle degradation. On the inside, we observed intercellular spaces and a yolk syncytial layer (YSL) with altered chromatin. Yet, structures such as somites, neural tube, endoderm and epidermis presented cells with a nucleus and integral mitochondria. We conclude that the use of the tested cryoprotectant solution permits the formation of a vitreous solid and preserves part of the cells of the blastoderm. Yet, the heating protocol does not control recrystallization, resulting in the formation of serious morphological anomalies that prevent the preservation of the embryonic unit.
Managing protein‐energy wasting in hemodialysis patients: A comparison of animal‐ and plant‐based protein foods
Authors: St‐Jules David E. , Goldfarb David S. , Popp Collin J. , Pompeii Mary Lou , Liebman Scott E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProtein‐energy wasting (PEW) is a major diet‐related complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Nutrient‐based dietary guidelines emphasize animal‐based protein foods for preventing and managing PEW in HD patients. Although dietary protein intake is important for protein anabolism, other dietary factors contribute to PEW. In this article, we examine the diet‐related etiologies of PEW in HD patients, and discuss how they may be affected differently by animal‐ and plant‐based protein foods. In general, animal foods are superior sources of protein, but may contribute more to metabolic derangements that cause PEW. Given the potential mixed effects of animal‐based protein foods on PEW, human research studies are needed to determine the impact of liberalizing the diet to allow plant‐based protein foods on protein status.
Participant roles in preschool bullying: The impact of emotion regulation, social preference, and quality of the teacher–child relationship
Authors: Camodeca Marina , Coppola Gabrielle 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present work investigated whether emotion regulation and social preference were associated with participant roles in bullying as a function of the quality of the relationship with teachers. Participants were 332 children (172 boys), in the age of 42–76 months (M = 58.74;SD = 7.84). Peer nominations were employed to assess social preference and participant roles (bullying, victimization, defending the victim, and outsider behavior). Teachers completed the Emotion Regulation Checklist, which yields the dimensions of emotion regulation and lability/negativity, and the Student–Teacher Relationships Scale, to evaluate conflict and closeness with the teacher. Multilevel models highlighted that emotional lability was positively associated with bullying and outsider behavior, emotion regulation was positively related to bullying and defending behavior, and social preference was negatively associated with bullying and victimization and positively with defending behavior. Interactions indicated that lability and low social preference were associated with bullying, and emotion regulation with outsider behavior, in children with a conflictual relationship with the teacher whereas social preference was related to defending behavior in children with a close relationship with the teacher. Results are discussed highlighting the importance of the quality of teacher–child relationship and the relevance of intervention programs aimed at promoting social wellbeing in preschool.
The impact of exercise and nutrition on the regulation of skeletal muscle mass
Authors: McGlory Chris , van Vliet Stephan , Stokes Tanner , Mittendorfer Bettina , Phillips Stuart M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength throughout life is a key determinant of human health and well‐being. There is a gradual loss of both skeletal muscle mass and strength with ageing (a process termed sarcopenia) that increases the risk of functional dependence, morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors that regulate the size of human muscle mass, particularly during the later years of life, has therefore become an area of intense scientific inquiry. The amount of muscle mass is determined by coordinated changes in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB). In this review, we assess both classical and contemporary work that has examined how resistance exercise and nutrition impact on MPS and MPB. Special consideration is given to the role of different sources of dietary protein (food vs. supplements) and non‐protein nutrients such as omega‐3 fatty acids in regulating MPS. We also critically evaluate recent studies that have employed novel ‘omic’ technologies such as dynamic protein profiling to probe for changes in rates of MPS and MPB at the individual protein level following exercise. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research that we hope will yield important information for the development of exercise and nutritional strategies to counteract muscle loss in a variety of clinical settings.image
La dilación en el arte contemporáneo: en torno al retraso del acontecimiento de obra propiciado por la técnica en exhibición (Jonathan Schipper, Douglas Gordon y Dan Graham).
Authors: Molina Franjola Sandra Elisa 
Published: July 2018

La representación del tiempo en el arte implica una transferencia del tiempo del sujeto a aspectos técnicos y materiales que dan cuerpo a su signo, afectando el modo en que nos relacionamos con el tiempo desde la cuantificación. Entonces, ¿qué intenta problematizar el arte contemporáneo mediante obras que involucran dilaciones temporales?. Ante este problema se propone lo siguiente: las obras que trabajan la dilación proponen la extensión temporal como un forma de relación con el tiempo que se contrapone a la instantaneidad de la técnica actual –el tiempo real-, generando una prórroga que propicia una nueva experiencia en el tiempo técnico: la lentitud. El análisis se aborda desde las obras de Jonathan Schipper (Slow Motion car crash, 2012), Douglas Gordon (24-hour Psycho, 1993) y Dan Graham (Present Continuous past(s), 1974), donde se pone en obra un intento por detener el irrefrenable flujo del tiempo.
Liver X Receptors Suppress Activity of Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathways To Oppose Gammaherpesvirus Replication
Authors: Lange P. T. , Schorl C. , Sahoo D. , Tarakanova V. L. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Gammaherpesviruses are oncogenic pathogens that persist in ~95% of the adult population. Cellular metabolic pathways have emerged as important regulators of many viral infections, including infections by gammaherpesviruses that require several lipid synthetic pathways for optimal replication. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are transcription factors that are critical regulators of cellular fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis pathways. Not surprisingly, LXRs are attractive therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Here we describe an antiviral role for LXRs in the context of gammaherpesvirus infection of primary macrophages. We show that type I interferon increased LXR expression following infection. Surprisingly, there was not a corresponding induction of LXR target genes. Rather, LXRs suppressed the expression of target genes, leading to decreased fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, two metabolic pathways that support gammaherpesvirus replication. This report defines LXR-mediated restriction of cholesterol and lipid synthesis as an intrinsic metabolic mechanism to restrict viral replication in innate immune cells.

IMPORTANCE
Fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis pathways of the host play important roles in diverse biological systems. Importantly, these two metabolic pathways are also usurped by a number of viruses to facilitate viral replication. In this report, we show that suppression of these pathways by liver X receptors in primary macrophages creates an intrinsic antiviral state that attenuates gammaherpesvirus replication by limiting viral access to the two metabolic pathways.
Evaluation of a two-sample process for prevention of ABO mistransfusions in a high volume academic hospital
Authors: Glisch Chad , Jawa Zeeshan , Brener Alina , Carpenter Erica , Gottschall Jerome , Treml Angela , Karafin Matthew Scott 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAcute haemolytic transfusion reactions due to ABO incompatible blood transfusion remain a leading cause of transfusion-associated morbidity and mortality in the USA. Erroneous patient identification and specimen labelling account for many errors that lead to ABO mistransfusions; these errors are largely preventable.MethodsOur hospital requires a two-sample process of ABO/Rh typing prior to transfusion. Both samples must be drawn independently. To prevent simultaneous sample draw, our second sample tube has a unique pink top that is only available from the blood bank and can only be sent to the patient’s floor once the first sample arrives in the lab. We performed an audit of this process from 19 March to 30 July 2014 and 19 March to 30 July 2015.ResultsWe reviewed type and crossmatch orders for 2702 new patients during the audit period and 824 patients (30.5%) required transfusion. All patients evaluated received compatible blood, and no mistransfusions were recorded using this method. Three per cent of testing was performed incorrectly, which safely defaulted to giving type O blood.ConclusionsThe two-sample protocol used by our institution can decrease the risk of mistransfusion. Our protocol was relatively inexpensive, safe, efficient and practical for adaptation by other hospitals.