bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the chemical evolution of biomass burning organic aerosol
Authors: Theodoritsi Georgia N. , Pandis Spyros N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The chemical transport model PMCAMx was extended to investigate the effects
of partitioning and photochemical aging of biomass burning emissions on
organic aerosol (OA) concentrations. A source-resolved version of the model,
PMCAMx-SR, was developed in which biomass burning emissions and their
oxidation products are represented separately from the other OA components.
The volatility distribution and chemical aging of biomass burning OA (BBOA)
were simulated based on recent laboratory measurements. PMCAMx-SR was applied
to Europe during an early summer period (1–29 May 2008) and a winter period
(25 February–22 March 2009). During the early summer, the contribution of biomass burning (both primary
and secondary species) to total OA levels over continental Europe was
estimated to be approximately 16 %. During winter the contribution was
nearly 47 %, due to both extensive residential wood combustion but also
wildfires in Portugal and Spain. The intermediate volatility compounds
(IVOCs) with effective saturation concentration values of 105 and
106 µg m−3 are predicted to contribute around one third of
the BBOA during the summer and 15 % during the winter by forming secondary
OA (SOA). The uncertain emissions of these compounds and their SOA formation
potential require additional attention. Evaluation of PMCAMx-SR predictions
against aerosol mass spectrometer measurements in several sites around
Europe suggests reasonably good performance for OA (fractional bias less
than 35 % and fractional error less than 50 %). The performance was
weaker during the winter suggesting uncertainties in residential heating
emissions and the simulation of the resulting BBOA in this season.
Winter tourism under climate change in the Pyrenees and the French Alps: relevance of snowmaking as a technical adaptation
Authors: Spandre Pierre , François Hugues , Verfaillie Deborah , Pons Marc , Vernay Matthieu , Lafaysse Matthieu , George Emmanuelle , Morin Samuel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Climate change is increasingly regarded as a threat for winter tourism due to
the combined effect of decreasing natural snow amounts and decreasing
suitable periods for snowmaking. The present work investigated the snow
reliability of 175 ski resorts in France (Alps and Pyrenees), Spain and
Andorra under past and future conditions using state-of-the-art snowpack
modelling and climate projections using Representative Concentration Pathways
RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The natural snow reliability (i.e. without
snowmaking) elevation showed a significant spatial variability in the
reference period (1986–2005) and was shown to be highly impacted by the
ongoing climate change. The reliability elevation using snowmaking is
projected to rise by 200 to 300 m in the Alps and by 400 to 600 m in the
Pyrenees in the near future (2030–2050) compared to the reference period for
all climate scenarios. While 99 % of ski lift infrastructures exhibit
adequate snow reliability in the reference period when using snowmaking, a
significant fraction (14 % to 25 %) may be considered in a critical
situation in the near future. Beyond the mid-century, climate projections
highly depend on the scenario with either steady conditions compared to the
near future (RCP2.6) or continuous decrease in snow reliability (RCP8.5).
Under RCP8.5, our projections show that there would no longer be any
snow-reliable ski resorts based on natural snow conditions in the French Alps
and Pyrenees (France, Spain and Andorra) at the end of the century
(2080–2100). For this time period and this scenario, only 24 resorts are
projected to remain reliable with snowmaking, all being located in the Alps.
‘Work first’, vrouwen later?
Authors: de Gruijter Marjan , Razenberg Inge 
Published: April 2019

Work first’, women later? Labour market participation of female refugees.
The labour market participation of recent female refugees in the Netherlands is very low. This is caused not only by the fact that a large proportion of the female refugee population has a greater distance to the labour market (than male refugees), but also because municipalities – for various reasons – offer more support to male refugees seeking to enter the Dutch labour market. This article is based on an explorative study we carried out into the labour market opportunities of recent female refugees and job guidance policies of Dutch municipalities. First, we explore how background characteristics of the group of female refugees and the municipal focus on supporting male refugees to quickly join the workforce, influence each other negatively and greatly limit the chances of female refugees at finding paid work. We then discuss the consequences for the participation and integration of these newcomers and their families, both for the short and long term. Finally, we discuss how female refugees can be supported more effectively towards labour market participation.
Stap voor stap
Authors: Stavenuiter Monique , Kahmann Merel 
Published: April 2019

Step by step. The perspective of refugees on interventions for labour market participation in several Dutch municipalities.
The groups studied for this article came to the Netherlands as asylum-seekers, mostly from Syria and Eritrea. After receiving a residence permit it has been difficult for them to find paid work. In recent years many municipalities in the Netherlands developed initiatives to support refugees seeking work. In this article we describe two of such interventions: Vluchtelingen Investeren in Participeren (Refugees Invest in Participation), a nationwide initiative of VluchtelingenWerk Nederland, and NVA Werktrajecten (Trajectories to Work), carried out by a local organisation for integration and participation of refugees. We studied VIP in nine municipalities in the eastern part of the Netherlands and NVA Werktrajecten in the Dutch municipality of Amersfoort. We have focused on the perspective of the participants taking part in the initiatives. The research questions addressed are: How did the participants experience the interventions and how did the interventions meet up to their needs in their search to paid work? We describe the experiences of the participants during several steps in the trajectories, such as obtaining practical skills, practising oral and written presentations, meeting employers during the training and in the workplace, and gaining work experience. The article is based on sixty in depth interviews with refugees.
Het asielzoekerscentrum als buurthuis? Over vrijwilligerswerk in asielzoekerscentra in Amsterdam en Brussel
Authors: Studulski Rosaly , Verloo Nanke 
Published: April 2019

The asylum centre as community home? About voluntary work in asylum centres in Amsterdam and Brussels.
Citizens are being activated to organize activities in asylum centres in both the Netherlands and Belgium. That way, asylum centres are expected to become better integrated in the local context of a municipality or neighbourhood. This ideal of citizenship does not stand on its own. The policy object to integrate asylum centres in the local context has parallels with broader societal and academic discussions about citizen participation and active citizenship. The object, however, is now the asylum seeker. In this article we research how voluntary work in two asylum centres takes shape and how policy could support voluntary activities better. A comparative interpretive policy analysis of two asylum centres in Amsterdam and Brussel shows how voluntary work is stimulated by policy, how these policies are implemented locally, and how they are experienced in daily practices of volunteers and professionals. The cases reveal stark differences, but exactly those contrasts lead to important lessons. We show that because of this policy, the asylum centre is often functioning as a community centre, that integration can be strengthened by volunteers, but we are also critical when voluntary activities are driven by an ideal picture of the ‘good asylum seeker’. There is a risk that the societal responsibility for integrating and engaging asylum seekers in the local context is pushed on the shoulders of unpaid volunteers and that activities are exclusively for one group. That is why we conclude that professional support and financial resources are crucial to implement the policy ideal of active citizenship in asylum centers.
Het punitieve karakter van de Educatieve Maatregel Gedrag en verkeer (EMG)
Authors: Huurman Victor 
Published: April 2019

The punitive nature of the Dutch ‘Educational Measure Behaviour and traffic’ rehabilitation course (EMG)
This contribution deals with the punitive aspects of the Dutch ‘Educational Measure Behaviour and traffic’ rehabilitation course (EMG), thereby using the criminal charge concept (article 6 ECHR) and the alcohol interlock case law as indicators for the level of punitivity. As of 2009, Dutch drivers whom (repeatedly) commit traffic violations may be subjected to an EMG. Failing this course can cause a driver to have his or her driving licence suspended. The Dutch Driving Test Organization (CBR) lacks the possibility to take any individual circumstances into account. The question then arises as to whether the EMG may have a disproportionate impact in certain cases. It is argued that the imposition of the EMG predominantly qualifies as a criminal charge, requiring an extension of the current regime of legal protection. It is furthermore argued that the dominant position of the police officer who makes an EMG report should be reconsidered.
Een Europees Openbaar Ministerie: kansen en risico’s
Authors: Huisjes Tom 
Published: April 2019

A European Public Prosecutor’s Office: opportunities and risks
By the end of 2020, the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) will be operational. The EPPO will be tasked with investigating, prosecuting and bringing to judgement criminal offences against the EU budget. The substantive competence of the EPPO could in the future be extended to terrorism and other serious cross-border crimes. This article will first describe the background, structure and competences of the future EPPO. Then the procedural guarantees will be discussed and the problem of ‘forum shopping for evidence’. This problem entails that the choice in which Member State to conduct an investigative measure could be made on the basis of the less stringent rules in that Member State regarding, for example, the right to privacy. The article will end with a proposal on how to prevent forum shopping for evidence.
Inspired by image: A multimodal analysis of 10th grade English school-leaving written examinations set in Norway (2014-2018)
Authors: Jakobsen Ingrid Karoline 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhat role does multimodality play in assessment in the English subject in Norway? This article focuses on final written examinations from 2014 to 2018 and investigates the multimodal literacy skills that examinations invite lower secondary school students to demonstrate. Examinations in the English subject are digital and technically open to a rich multimodal practice. Analysis in this article finds that the texts to be read in examinations are carefully designed multimodal texts, with plentiful use of visual aspects of writing and with images that add significantly to the creation of complex cohesive ensembles. When it comes to the examination tasks, however, the opportunity for the students’ multimodal output is limited and ambiguous. In sum, there is an imbalance between input and output.Keywords: multimodal literacy, multimodal texts, English, assessment, lower secondary schoolInspirert av bilder: En multimodal analyse av sentralt gitt skriftlig eksamen for 10. trinn i engelsk i Norge fra 2014 til 2018SammendragHvilken rolle spiller multimodalitet i engelskfagets vurderingspraksis i Norge? Denne artikkelen fokuserer på avsluttende skriftlig eksamen fra 2014 til 2018, og undersøker hvilken multimodal literacy (tekstkyndighet) eksamen legger opp til at ungdomsskoleelever får vise fram. Eksamen i faget er digital og teknisk sett åpner den for en rik multimodal praksis. Analysen i artikkelen viser at eksamenstekstene elevene leser er nøye designede multimodale tekster, med rikelig bruk av visuelle aspekter ved skrift, og med bilder som bidrar til komplekse, helhetlige, sammensatte tekster. Når det gjelder eksamensoppgavene derimot, er elevens mulighet til å uttrykke seg multimodalt både begrenset og tvetydig. Alt i alt er det en ubalanse mellom det som skal leses og det som skal skrives til eksamen. Nøkkelord: multimodal literacy, sammensatte tekster, engelsk, vurdering, ungdomstrinn
Gulf of Mexico Tectonic Evolution from Mexico Deformation to Oceanic Crust
Authors: Norton I.O. , Lawver L.A. , Snedden J.W. 
Published: April 2019

Extended Abstract
Although the final stage of formation of the Gulf of Mexico is fairly well constrained, earlier evolution is still debated. The final stage was rotation of Yucatan about a Florida Straits Euler pole that created most of the observed oceanic crust (Pindell and Dewey, 1982). From observations of salt overlying seaward-dipping reflectors (diagnostic of volcanism during the rift to drift transition) in the northeast Gulf of Mexico, we suggest that salt was deposited at the onset of sea floor spreading, which coincides with initiation of the rotational motion of Yucatan. It is important to understand Yucatan motion that preceded this rotation because delineating any presalt play that might exist would be dependent on understanding of depositional systems developed during this early motion of Yucatan. Very little is known about the nature of presalt deposition in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Salt is Callovian or earliest Oxfordian in age, and the next oldest rocks known from the northern Gulf of Mexico are Late Triassic red beds found in what are generally regarded as proximal grabens formed during early rifting. This gap in knowledge, what we refer to as the “50 million year gap,” can potentially be bridged by incorporating analogs with known systems in Mexico and northern South America. There are uncertainties here, however, mostly based on how Mexico and northern South America are palinspastically restored and the fact that these rocks are in a proximal location. In particular, we note that there was a long-lived continental margin arc in Mexico that lasted from the Permian through the Middle Jurassic (Barboza-Gudino et al., 2012). A lot of the rocks of this age seen in Mexico that are linked to Gulf of Mexico rifting are in fact associated with this arc. In this presentation, we will review reconstructions of the region and develop a tectonic model that forms the basis for further understanding of rifting in the Gulf of Mexico.
The Mesozoic of Nuevo Leon, Mexico: An Ancient Extension of the Gulf of Mexico. Paleogeography and Tectonics
Authors: Longoria Jose F. , Rogelio Monreal 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Mesozoic of Nuevo Leon is composed of more than 10,000 m of sedimentary rocks displaying abrupt physical changes and containing abundant planktonic foraminifera, allowing precise chronostrati-graphic determinations. This succession has been deposited in the western extension of the ancestral Gulf of Mexico (Mexican Sea). Its paleogeographic setting corresponds to the oblique subduction of the Kula-Far-allon plate under the North American plate. Active oblique subduction of the western margin of Mexico has resulted in the structural features of the Mesozoic sedimentary cover, forming a folded belt made of an intricate array of mountain ranges corresponding to the Nuevo Leones Cordillera characterized by: (1) kilomet-ric-scale anticlinal ridges and narrow synclinal valleys of the Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary cover commonly displaying box (fan-shaped) folds; (2) a well-developed pattern of en echelon anticlinal folds; (3) juxtaposition of tectonostratigraphic domains; (4) asymmetrical, overturned, doubly plunging anticlines evolving into faulted anticlines; (5) disrupted, long and sinuous fold trends; (6) lack of large horizontal displacement due to overthrusting; (7) folding being predominant over faulting; (8) local thrusting with opposite vergence; and (9) lack of volcanism and regional metamorphism. Those features are the result of transpressional tectonics since the mid-Jurassic including a greater basement involvement in the tectonic deformation.
Analysis of the megastructures exposed in the region using SIR-A and LANDSAT imagery of northeast Mexico revealed that the megastructures of the Mesozoic Cordillera between parallels 22°00' and 26°00' and meridians 99° 00’ and 101°00’ can be referred to deformation of the thin sedimentary cover above transcurrent faults following the morphological pattern of the lab experiment by Odonne and Vialon. The folding styles of the Nuevo Leones Cordillera were analyzed in light of tectonic transpression and wrench-fault tectonics driven by transcurrent faults in the basement as established by Harland, Lowell, and Beck, resulting in the recognition of subsurface faults in the basement. We associate the geometric arrangement of the megastructural trends to sense of displacement of strike-slip (transcurrent) faults and fold patterns as demonstrated by Odonne and Vialon (1983) and the well-known strike-slip tectonic setting of New Zealand as described by Bishop (1967).
Triple-Porosity Diagram Proposed to Characterize Complex Carbonate Reservoirs—Examples from Mexico
Authors: Colin Stabler 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Limestone and dolomite reservoir rocks are by far the more important producers of oil and gas in Mexico compared to sandstone reservoirs. Many of the carbonate reservoirs are complex in that they display three types of pores: matrix porosity; vugs, and cavernous porosity; and fracture-induced porosity. This combination of three types of porosity can be described as “triple porosity.” Each pore type presents a different pore-throat size range and each has a different effect on permeability.
In order to better characterize these reservoirs, this paper proposes to visualize the relative abundance of each of these three pore types by plotting them on a triple-porosity pore-type ternary diagram (Fig. 1). Figure 1.Triple-porosity pore-type ternary diagram showing comparisons with previous dual porosity methods. Also shown are areas on the diagram where the main facies of carbonate reservoirs in Mexico plot.
Cenomanian Gulf of Mexico Paleodrainage from Detrital Zircons: Source-to-Sink Sediment Dispersal and Prediction of Basin-Floor Fans
Authors: Blum Mike , Milliken Kristy , Frederick Bruce , Snedden John 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
U-Pb dating of detrital zircons in fluvial sandstones provides a method for reconstruction of drainage basin and sediment routing systems for ancient sedimentary basins. This paper summarizes a detrital-zircon record of Cenomanian paleodrainage and sediment routing for the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. midcontinent. Detrital zircon data from Cenomanian fluvial deposits of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain (Tuscaloosa and Woodbine formations), the Central Plains (Dakota Group), and the Colorado Front Range (Dakota Formation) show the Appalachian-Ouachita orogen represented a continental divide between south-draining rivers that delivered sediment to the Gulf of Mexico, and west- and north-draining rivers that delivered sediment to the eastern margins of the Western Interior seaway. Moreover, Cenomanian fluvial deposits of the present-day Colorado Front Range were derived from the Western Cordillera, flowed generally west to east, and discharged to the western margin of the seaway. Western Cordillera-derived fluvial systems are distinctive because of the presence of Mesozoic-age zircons from the Cordilleran magmatic arc: the lack of arc zircons in Cenomanian fluvial deposits that dis-charged to the Gulf of Mexico indicates no connection to the Western Cordillera.
Detrital zircon data facilitate reconstruction of contributing drainage area and sediment routing. From these data, the dominant system for the Cenomanian Gulf of Mexico was an ancestral Tennessee River (Tuscaloosa Formation), which flowed axially through the Appalachians, had an estimated channel length of 1200-1600 km, and discharged sediment to the east-central Gulf of Mexico. Smaller rivers drained the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma (Woodbine Formation), had length scales of &lt;300 km, and entered the Gulf through the East Texas Basin. From empirical scaling relationships between drainage-basin length and the length of basin-floor fans, these results predict significant basin-floor fans related to the paleo-Tennessee River system and very small fans from the east Texas fluvial systems. This predictive model is consistent with mapped deep-water systems, as the largest fan system was derived from rivers that entered the Gulf of Mexico through the southern Mississippi embayment.
Mesozoic Structure and Petroleum Systems in the De Soto Canyon Salt Basin in the Mobile, Pensacola, Destin Dome, and Viosca Knoll Areas of the MAFLA Shelf
Authors: Pashin Jack C. , Guohai Jin , Hills Denise J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Large parts of the De Soto Canyon Salt Basin are unexplored, and structural and petroleum system models may facilitate continued hydrocarbon exploration, as well as the development of geologic CO2 storage programs. The basin contains four structural provinces: (1) Destin fault system, (2) salt pillow province, (3) diapir province, and (4) salt roller province. The Destin fault system bounds half grabens that formed near the updip limit of salt. The faults have variable displacement and were active mainly during the Cretaceous. Broad salt pillows occur basinward of the Destin fault system, and the largest of these structures forms the core of Destin Dome. Salt pillows basinward of Destin Dome began forming shortly after Smackover deposition, whereas Destin Dome largely post-dates the Destin fault system. The diapir province is in the structurally deepest part of the salt basin, and diapirism occurred from the Jurassic into the Tertiary. The salt roller province contains a complex array of normal faults and rollover structures that record gravitational shelf spreading during Jurassic time. Petroleum systems analysis indicates that the basin contains a distinctive suite of source rocks, sealing strata, reservoir strata, and trap types. Exploration efforts have thus far proven successful in structures that formed before or during hydrocarbon expulsion, and many such structures remain untested.
Albian Stratigraphy of the San Marcos Platform, Texas: Why the Person Formation Correlates with Upper Fredericksburg Group not Washita Group
Authors: Scott Robert W. , Campbell Whitney , Hojnacki Rachel , Lai Xin , Wang Yulun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Uppermost Aptian-Albian-lower Cenomanian strata of the Texas Comanchean Series represent three long-term transgressive-regressive cycles: the Trinity, Fredericksburg, and Washita groups that are composed mainly of marine limestone and shale. Each group is composed of shorter term deepening-shallowing cycles. On the Central Texas San Marcos Platform and its downdip equivalents, subsurface strata above the Trinity Group are grouped into the Edwards and Washita groups. Correlations in the 1960s were based on wireline well logs and inferred biostratigraphy that correlated the upper Edwards Group Person Formation with the lower parts of the Washita Group. This correlation crosses a widespread subaerial unconformity that separates the Washita from the underlying Fredericksburg in the northern East Texas Basin and in the Fort Stockton Basin. New biostratigraphic and sedimento-logical data show that the Person actually correlates with the upper part of the Fredericksburg in the Gulf Coast.