bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Stroke Electrochemical Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Hybrid Yarn Muscles
Authors: Qiao Jian , Di Jiangtao , Zhou Susheng , Jin Kaiyun , Zeng Sha , Li Na , Fang Shaoli , Song Yanhui , Li Min , Baughman Ray H. , Li Qingwen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractArtificial muscles are reported in which reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is trapped in the helical corridors of a carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn. When electrochemically driven in aqueous electrolytes, these coiled CNT/rGO yarn muscles can contract by 8.1%, which is over six times that of the previous results for CNT yarn muscles driven in an inorganic electrolyte (1.3%). They can contract to provide a final stress of over 14 MPa, which is about 40 times that of natural muscles. The hybrid yarn muscle shows a unique catch state, in which 95% of the contraction is retained for 1000 s following charging and subsequent disconnection from the power supply. Hence, they are unlike thermal muscles and natural muscles, which need to consume energy to maintain contraction. Additionally, these muscles can be reversibly cycled while lifting heavy loads.
Recent Advances in Materials and Design of Electrochemically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Chen Xuncai , Zhou Zheng , Karahan Huseyin Enis , Shao Qian , Wei Li , Chen Yuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe century‐old zinc–air (Zn–air) battery concept has been revived in the last decade due to its high theoretical energy density, environmental‐friendliness, affordability, and safety. Particularly, electrically rechargeable Zn–air battery technologies are of great importance for bulk applications like electric vehicles, grid management, and portable electronic devices. Nevertheless, Zn–air batteries are still not competitive enough to realize widespread practical adoption because of issues in efficiency, durability, and cycle life. Here, following an introduction to the fundamentals and performance testing techniques, the latest research progress related to electrically rechargeable Zn–air batteries is compiled, particularly new key findings in the last five years (2013–2018). The strategies concerning the development of Zn and air electrodes are in focus. The design of other battery components, namely electrolytes and separators are also discussed. Poor performance of O2 electrocatalysts and the lack of the long‐term stability of Zn electrodes and electrolytes remain major challenges. Finally, recommendations regarding the testing routines and materials design are provided. It is hoped that this up‐to‐date account will help to shape the future research activities toward the development of practical electrically rechargeable Zn–air batteries with extended lifetime and superior performance.
Synthesis of Large‐Area InSe Monolayers by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Chang Han‐Ching , Tu Chien‐Liang , Lin Kuang‐I , Pu Jiang , Takenobu Taishi , Hsiao Chien‐Nan , Chen Chang‐Hsiao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, 2D materials of indium selenide (InSe) layers have attracted much attention from the scientific community due to their high mobility transport and fascinating physical properties. To date, reports on the synthesis of high‐quality and scalable InSe atomic films are limited. Here, a synthesis of InSe atomic layers by vapor phase selenization of In2O3 in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system, resulting in large‐area monolayer flakes or thin films, is reported. The atomic films are continuous and uniform over a large area of 1 × 1 cm2, comprising of primarily InSe monolayers. Spectroscopic and microscopic measurements reveal the highly crystalline nature of the synthesized InSe monolayers. The ion‐gel‐gated field‐effect transistors based on CVD InSe monolayers exhibit n‐type channel behaviors, where the field effect electron mobility values can be up to ≈30 cm2 V−1 s−1 along with an on/off current ratio, of >104 at room temperature. In addition, the graphene can serve as a protection layer to prevent the oxidation between InSe and the ambient environment. Meanwhile, the synthesized InSe films can be transferred to arbitrary substrates, enabling the possibility of reassembly of various 2D materials into vertically stacked heterostructures, prompting research efforts to probe its characteristics and applications.
Determination of highly volatile compounds in fresh onion (Allium cepa L.) by room‐temperature enrichment headspace‐trap coupled to cryotrapping GC–MS
Authors: Liu Mengpan , Su Yue , Guo Yinlong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConventional headspace‐based analysis is not suitable for identifying volatile compounds in fresh onion (Allium cepa L.) because large amounts of water vapor could affect the determination of target compounds. A headspace‐trap was introduced to remove water vapor and keep the analytes in the trap tube. Additionally, the headspace‐trap method based on room‐temperature enrichment could prevent enzyme‐sensitive samples from denaturing to maintain the original flavor compositions of the samples. Moreover, the highly volatile compounds were poorly separated after headspace extraction. By using a cryotrapping device, these compounds were well separated. Therefore, a room‐temperature enrichment headspace‐trap cryotrapping gas chromatography with mass spectrometric method was established for the determination of volatile compounds in fresh onion. With this method, a total of 73 volatile compounds were identified by mass spectral search and retention index. Among them, 29 highly volatile compounds were successfully separated before the retention time of 5 min, and these compounds contributed significantly to the smell of onion. The volatile compounds were dominated by dipropyl disulfide (35.42%), 1,2‐dithiolane (15.82%), 1‐propanethiol (11.74%) and propanal (11.23%). The results indicated that the proposed method was an effective tool for analyzing volatile compounds in high‐water‐content fresh onion samples.
Concise Review: Cheating Death for a Better Transplant
Authors: Afreen Sehar , Weiss Julia Miriam , Strahm Brigitte , Erlacher Miriam 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is routinely performed for the treatment of various malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases. Successful transplantation depends on the number and fitness of donor stem and progenitor cells, whose quality is substantially influenced by the sampling procedure, sample handling, and cryopreservation. BCL-2 proteins are central to the survival and maintenance of stem and progenitor cells under both, physiological and stress conditions. Transplantation-associated apoptosis of donor cells is mediated by the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins BIM and BMF and prevented by overexpression of their antagonists, BCL-2 and BCL-XL. We have previously reported that deletion of BIM or BMF stabilizes donor stem cell numbers during transplantation and improves cellular fitness and transplantation outcomes, albeit posing a risk for lymphoma and autoimmunity in recipient mice. Short-term apoptosis inhibition in donor cells appears equally effective in improving the outcome of transplantation, but in contrast does not cause pathology. In this review, we discuss the role of BCL-2 proteins in the context of factors that negatively impact donor stem and progenitor cell fitness and viability. Finally, we suggest approaches to improve graft quality and transplantation procedures with an emphasis on the inhibition of BCL-2 regulated apoptosis.
CD200 Expression Marks a Population of Quiescent Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells with Holoclone Forming Ability
Authors: Bojic Sanja , Hallam Dean , Alcada Nuno , Ghareeb Ali , Queen Rachel , Pervinder Sagoo , Buck Harley , Amitai Lange Aya , Figueiredo Gustavo , Rooney Paul , Stojkovic Miodrag , Shortt Alex , Figueiredo Francisco C. , Lako Majlinda 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOne of the main challenges in limbal stem cell (LSC) biology and transplantation is the lack of definitive cell surface markers which can be used to identify and enrich viable LSCs. In this study, expression of 361 cell surface proteins was assessed in ex vivo expanded limbal epithelial cells. One marker, CD200 was selected for further characterization based on expression in a small subset of limbal epithelial cells (2.25% ± 0.69%) and reduced expression through consecutive passaging and calcium induced differentiation. CD200 was localized to a small population of cells at the basal layer of the human and mouse limbal epithelium. CD200+cells were slow cycling and contained the majority of side population (SP) and all the holoclone forming progenitors. CD200+ cells displayed higher expression of LSCs markers including PAX6, WNT7A, CDH3, CK14, CK15, and ABCB5 and lower expression of Ki67 when compared to CD200−. Downregulation of CD200 abrogated the ability of limbal epithelial cells to form holoclones, suggesting an important function for CD200 in the maintenance and/or self-renewal of LSCs. A second marker, CD109, which was expressed in 56.29% ± 13.96% of limbal epithelial cells, was also found to co-localize with ΔNp63 in both human and mouse cornea, albeit more abundantly than CD200. CD109 expression decreased slowly through calcium induced cell differentiation and CD109+ cells were characterized by higher expression of Ki67, when compared to CD109− subpopulation. Together our data suggest that CD200 expression marks a quiescent population of LSCs with holoclone forming potential, while CD109 expression is associated with a proliferative progenitor phenotype.
The identification of knowledge gaps in the technologies of cyber‐physical systems with recommendations for closing these gaps
Authors: Sinclair Murray , Siemieniuch Carys , Palmer Paul 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe paper reports some training, education, and operational findings from an EU Horizon 2020 project that included the production of technology road‐maps for the domain of cyber‐physical systems (CPS). The project reviewed Deliverables from 72 CPS projects, all within Framework Programme 7 and Horizon 2020, including 18 from the ARTEMIS and ECSEL subprograms. This analysis led to the production of a “Knowledge Map” containing 75 technologies identified within the 72 projects as nodes in this map, connected by interoperability links. Filtering this map for each node, in turn, has led, in combination with other parts of the project, to some 48 recommendations for future focus and funding of developments in these technologies to assist in the rapid adoption of CPS in all domains. While the focus has been limited to European Union research and innovation, it is believed that the recommendations are transferable to other regions of the world.
Ground current control scheme for back‐to‐back three‐phase T‐type rectifier and inverter systems
Authors: Boillat D. O. , Krismer F. , Kolar J. W. 
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a method to control the ground current in a back‐to‐back connection of three‐phase T‐type rectifier and inverter stages if operated from a three‐phase mains with a grounded neutral point and a star‐connected three‐phase load with grounded star point. The proposed control scheme requires a ground current sensor and a single control loop, achieves a closed‐loop control system bandwidth of 1.7 kHz, and does not interact with the existing input phase current control system that is used to achieve sinusoidal mains currents. According to the presented experimental results, an effective reduction of the rms ground current from more than 200 mA (without controller) to less than 3 mA (with the proposed control scheme) is realized. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Instability mechanism for miscible two‐fluid channel flow with wall slip
Authors: Ghosh Sukhendu , Behera Harekrushna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractModal analysis of the Reynolds‐Orr energy equation for a miscible viscosity stratified slippery channel flow is deliberated. The main aim is to extend the earlier work of Ghosh . (Phys. Fluid, Vol. 26, 014107 (2014)) to discusses the instability mechanism, which has not been investigated so far. The generalized equation governing the average rate of change of disturbance kinetic energy is evaluated after solving the Orr‐Sommerfeld boundary value problem. The analysis includes viscosity perturbation and slip boundary condition. Maximum growth rate curves for two‐dimensional disturbances reconfirm the existence of new unstable modes at low Reynolds numbers. Stabilizing and destabilizing effects of wall velocity slip are found depending on parameter regime. The physical mechanism responsible for the dual role of the wall slip is brought to light by estimating the alteration of kinetic energy due to the production and dissipation of energy originating from various factors inside the perturbed flow. Slip boundary condition at the wall affects the base flow as well as perturbations. Our numerical calculations here show how the wall velocity slip gives impact on each energy terms. The results ensure that, the new unstable mode is occurred due to the overlap of velocity and viscosity disturbance vortices. Stability characteristics of this overlap instability are ruled by the energy sourcing from the Reynolds stress and the viscosity perturbation gradient effect.
Arctic Ocean Biodiversity and DNA Barcoding – A Climate Change Perspective
Authors: Walczyńska Katarzyna S. , Mańko Maciej K. , Weydmann Agata 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlobal changes are initiating a cascade of complex processes, which result, among other things, in global climate warming. Effects of global climate change are most pronounced in the Arctic, where the associate processes are progressing at a more rapid pace than in the rest of the world. Intensified transport of warmer water masses into the Arctic is causing shifts in species distributions and efforts to understand and track these change are currently intensified. However, Arctic marine fauna is the result of different recurring colonization events by Atlantic and Pacific Ocean populations, producing a very confounding evolutionary signal and making species identification by traditional morphological taxonomic analysis extremely challenging. In addition, many marine species are too small or too similar to identify reliably, even with profound taxonomic expertise. Nevertheless, the majority of current research focusing on artic marine communities still relies on the analysis of samples with traditional taxonomic methods, which tends to lack the necessary taxonomic, spatial and temporal resolution needed to understand the drastic ecosystem shifts underway. However, molecular methods are providing new opportunities to the field and their continuous development can accelerate and facilitate ecological research in the Arctic. Here, we discuss molecular methods currently available to study marine Arctic biodiversity, encouraging the DNA barcoding for improved descriptions, inventory and providing examples of DNA barcoding utilization in Arctic diversity research and investigations into ecosystem drivers.
Marine Optics and Ocean Color Remote Sensing
Authors: Mascarenhas Veloisa , Keck Therese 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLight plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems, both marine and freshwater. Penetration of light underwater influences various biogeochemical processes and also influences activities and behavioral patterns of marine organisms. In addition, dissolved and particulate water constituents present in the water column absorb and scatter light, giving water its characteristic color. The concentration or abundance of these constituents, referred to as optically active constituents (OACs) also determine light availability underwater. Thus color being an indicator of water column content, serves as a water quality parameter. Monitoring of the ocean color variables, such as the OAC concentrations and their optical properties, therefore, allows assessment of the health of an ecosystem. Advances in optical methodologies have improved the understanding of our ecosystems through multispectral and hyperspectral in situ measurements and observations. However, the ocean environment is vast and dynamic and so limitations of spatial and temporal coverage have been overcome with satellite remote sensing that provides oceanographers with repeated synoptic coverage. Being recognized as an essential climate variable (ECV) ocean color is monitored as part of the climate change initiative (CCI) of the European Space Agency (ESA). This chapter aims to provide the reader with an overview of the science of ocean color, introducing involved common terminologies and concepts and its global coverage using satellite remote sensing.
How Do They Do It? – Understanding the Success of Marine Invasive Species
Authors: Geburzi Jonas C. , McCarthy Morgan L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFrom the depths of the oceans to the shallow estuaries and wetlands of our coasts, organisms of the marine environment are teeming with unique adaptations to cope with a multitude of varying environmental conditions. With millions of years and a vast volume of water to call their home, they have become quite adept at developing specialized and unique techniques for survival and – given increasing human mediated transport – biological invasions. A growing world human population and a global economy drives the transportation of goods across the oceans and with them invasive species via ballast water and attached to ship hulls. In any given 24-hour period, there are about 10,000 species being transported across different biogeographic regions. If any of them manage to take hold and establish a range in an exotic habitat, the implications for local ecosystems can be costly. This review on marine invasions highlights trends among successful non-indigenous species (NIS), from vectors of transport to ecological and physiological plasticity. Apart from summarizing patterns of successful invasions, it discusses the implications of how successfully established NIS impact the local environment, economy and human health. Finally, it looks to the future and discusses what questions need to be addressed and what models can tell us about what the outlook on future marine invasions is.
Rationalizing loop integration
Authors: Bourjaily Jacob L. , McLeod Andrew J. , von Hippel Matt , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe show that direct Feynman-parametric loop integration is possible for a large class of planar multi-loop integrals. Much of this follows from the existence of manifestly dual-conformal Feynman-parametric representations of planar loop integrals, and the fact that many of the algebraic roots associated with (e.g. Landau) leading singularities are automatically rationalized in momentum-twistor space — facilitating direct integration via partial fractioning. We describe how momentum twistors may be chosen non-redundantly to parameterize particular integrals, and how strategic choices of coordinates can be used to expose kinematic limits of interest. We illustrate the power of these ideas with many concrete cases studied through four loops and involving as many as eight particles. Detailed examples are included as supplementary material.
Genetic Counselors' and Genetic Counseling Students' Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Homosexuality
Authors: Nathan Megan L. , Ormond Kelly E. , Dial Christopher M. , Gamma Amber , Lunn Mitchell R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMembers of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community experience significant health disparities. Widespread preferences for heterosexual over homosexual people among healthcare providers are believed to contribute to this inequity, making recognition (and ultimately reduction) of healthcare providers' sexual prejudices of import. The present study sought to characterize North American genetic counselors' and genetic counseling students' implicit and explicit attitudes toward homosexuality. During January 2017, 575 participants completed a Web‐based survey and Sexuality Implicit Association Test (SIAT). A majority of participants (60.2%) harbored implicit preferences for heterosexual over homosexual people. Mean implicit attitude score (0.24) indicated a slight automatic preference for heterosexual over homosexual people, while mean explicit attitude score (0.033) indicated no preference for either group. Although participants' implicit and explicit attitudes were positively correlated (p < 0.001), there was greater implicit bias for heterosexual over homosexual people than suggested by explicit attitude scores (p < 0.001). Implicit attitudes differed across self‐reported sexual orientation (p < 0.001), but not across gender, race, or genetic counseling specialty. Education has been demonstrated to be moderately effective at reducing sexual prejudices, and almost all participants (95.8%) indicated that they would support the implementation of genetic counseling curricula addressing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues. The study's combined findings suggest that North American genetic counselors and genetic counseling students support, and may benefit from, the implementation of genetic counseling curricula addressing LGBT issues.
The influence of Al3+ on DNA methylation and sequence changes in the triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) genome
Authors: Niedziela Agnieszka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAbiotic stressors such as drought, salinity, and exposure to heavy metals can induce epigenetic changes in plants. In this study, liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), methylation amplified fragment length polymorphisms (metAFLP), and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphisms (MSAP) analysis was used to investigate the effects of aluminum (Al) stress on DNA methylation levels in the crop species triticale. RP-HPLC, but not metAFLP or MSAP, revealed significant differences in methylation between Al-tolerant (T) and non-tolerant (NT) triticale lines. The direction of methylation change was dependent on phenotype and organ. Al treatment increased the level of global DNA methylation in roots of T lines by approximately 0.6%, whereas demethylation of approximately 1.0% was observed in NT lines. DNA methylation in leaves was not affected by Al stress. The metAFLP and MSAP approaches identified DNA alterations induced by Al3+treatment. The metAFLP technique revealed sequence changes in roots of all analyzed triticale lines and few mutations in leaves. MSAP showed that demethylation of CCGG sites reached approximately 3.97% and 3.75% for T and NT lines, respectively, and was more abundant than de novo methylation, which was observed only in two tolerant lines affected by Al stress. Three of the MSAP fragments showed similarity to genes involved in abiotic stress.