bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action in auctions: neural and computational mechanisms of bidding behaviour
Authors: Martinez-Saito Mario , Konovalov Rodion , Piradov Michael A. , Shestakova Anna , Gutkin Boris , Klucharev Vasily 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCompetition for resources is a fundamental characteristic of evolution. Auctions have been widely used to model competition of individuals for resources, and bidding behaviour plays a major role in social competition. Yet, how humans learn to bid efficiently remains an open question. We used model‐based neuroimaging to investigate the neural mechanisms of bidding behaviour under different types of competition. Twenty‐seven subjects (nine male) played a prototypical bidding game: a double action, with three “market” types, which differed in the number of competitors. We compared different computational learning models of bidding: directional learning models (DL), where the model bid is “nudged” depending on whether it was accepted or rejected, along with standard reinforcement learning models (RL). We found that DL fit the behaviour best and resulted in higher payoffs. We found the binary learning signal associated with DL to be represented by neural activity in the striatum distinctly posterior to a weaker reward prediction error signal. We posited that DL is an efficient heuristic for valuation when the action (bid) space is continuous. Indeed, we found that the posterior parietal cortex represents the continuous action space of the task, and the frontopolar prefrontal cortex distinguishes among conditions of social competition. Based on our findings, we proposed a conceptual model that accounts for a sequence of processes that are required to perform successful and flexible bidding under different types of competition.
Phylogeography and invasion history of Aedes aegypti, the Dengue and Zika mosquito vector in Cape Verde islands (West Africa)
Authors: Salgueiro Patrícia , Serrano Célia , Gomes Bruno , Alves Joana , Sousa Carla A. , Abecasis Ana , Pinto João 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAedes‐borne arboviruses have spread globally with outbreaks of vast impact on human populations and health systems. The West African archipelago of Cape Verde had its first outbreak of Dengue in 2009, at the time the largest recorded in Africa, and was one of the few African countries affected by the Zika virus epidemic. Aedes aegypti was the mosquito vector involved in both outbreaks. We performed a phylogeographic and population genetics study of A. aegypti in Cape Verde in order to infer the geographic origin and evolutionary history of this mosquito. These results are discussed with respect to the implications for vector control and prevention of future outbreaks. Mosquitoes captured before and after the Dengue outbreak on the islands of Santiago, Brava, and Fogo were analyzed with two mitochondrial genes COI and ND4, 14 microsatellite loci and five kdr mutations. Genetic variability was comparable to other African populations. Our results suggest that A. aegypti invaded Cape Verde at the beginning of the Holocene from West Africa. Given the historic importance of Cape Verde in the transatlantic trade of the 16th–17th centuries, a possible contribution to the genetic pool of the founding populations in the New World cannot be fully discarded. However, contemporary gene flow with the Americas is likely to be infrequent. No kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were detected. The implications for vector control and prevention of future outbreaks are discussed.
Film mood induction and emotion classification using physiological signals for health and wellness promotion in older adults living alone
Authors: Martínez‐Rodrigo Arturo , Fernández‐Aguilar Luz , Zangróniz Roberto , Latorre José M. , Pastor José M. , Fernández‐Caballero Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces a wearable hardware/software system specifically tailored to detect seven emotions (neutral, tenderness, amusement, anger, disgust, fear, and sadness) aimed at promoting health and wellness in older adults living alone at home. The complete software and hardware architectures acquiring and processing electrodermal activity and photoplethysmography signals are introduced. The wearable emotion detection system is trained by eliciting the desired emotions on 39 older adults through a film mood induction procedure. Seventeen features are calculated on skin conductance response and heart rate variability data, grouped into five statistical, four temporal, and eight morphological features. Then, these features are used to run emotion classification considering support vector machines, decision trees, and quadratic discriminant analysis. In line with psychological findings, the results offer a global accuracy of 82% in negative emotion (anger, disgust, fear, and sadness) classification. For positive emotions (tenderness and amusement), also in conformity with previous psychological outcomes, amusement shows the highest ratio of hits (92%) but tenderness the lowest one (66%). These results demonstrate that our wearable emotion detection system can be used by ageing adults, especially for detecting negative emotions that usually damage health and wellness and lead to social isolation.
Phytoplankton decline in the eastern North Pacific transition zone associated with atmospheric blocking
Authors: Le Chengfeng , Wu Shuyu , Hu Chuanmin , Beck Marcus W. , Yang Xuchao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGlobal climate change can significantly influence oceanic phytoplankton dynamics, and thus biogeochemical cycles and marine food webs. However, associative explanations based on the correlation between chlorophyll‐a concentration (Chl‐a) and climatic indices is inadequate to describe the mechanism of the connection between climate change, large‐scale atmospheric dynamics, and phytoplankton variability. Here, by analyzing multiple satellite observations of Chl‐a and atmospheric conditions from National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis datasets, we show that high‐latitude atmospheric blocking events over Alaska are the primary drivers of the recent decline of Chl‐a in the eastern North Pacific transition zone. These blocking events were associated with the persistence of large‐scale atmosphere pressure fields that decreased westerly winds and southward Ekman transport over the subarctic ocean gyre. Reduced southward Ekman transport leads to reductions in nutrient availability to phytoplankton in the transition zone. The findings describe a previously unidentified climatic factor that contributed to the recent decline of phytoplankton in this region and propose a mechanism of the top‐down teleconnection between the high‐latitude atmospheric circulation anomalies and the subtropical oceanic primary productivity. The results also highlight the importance of understanding teleconnection among atmosphere–ocean interactions as a means to anticipate future climate change impacts on oceanic primary production.
What makes for effective, sustainable youth engagement in knowledge mobilization? A perspective for health services
Authors: Canas Eugenia , Lachance Lisa , Phipps David , Birchwood Cherrilyn Che 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundYoung people who seek mental health treatment often also seek the services of non‐profit organizations to support their well‐being. Wisdom2Action (W2A) is a Canadian knowledge mobilization network that focuses on improving the mental health and well‐being of children and youth in challenging contexts by increasing the use of evaluation, evidence and engagement in the youth‐serving sector. Since 2013, W2A has engaged youth advisors (YAs) to provide input to W2A's Board, lead their own projects and co‐design W2A activities.ObjectiveIn fall 2017, the YAs, as well as adult Board members and W2A staff, collaborated in a participatory evaluation to better understand the experiences and impacts of youth engagement. This article describes insights derived through this process.Design and participantsBoard, YAs and staff members participated in a reflective approach to informing, analysing and sharing the findings from this process. Individual interviews and review of documents, as well as iterative cycles of group analysis and synthesis, were conducted.ResultsBoth YAC members and W2A benefit from YAs’ leadership and engagement. The YAs position themselves as members of the youth‐serving sector, not merely recipients of its services; as such, their professional development aligns with the mandates of W2A and merits further investment, despite challenges in impact measurement.ConclusionThis article identifies challenges and facilitators of implementing an effective and sustainable youth advisory council model of engagement in the context of a pan‐Canadian network. The mutual gains and areas of growth for youth, adults and the organization described can inform health services, as well as funders and advocates for youth well‐being.
Physico‐chemical and proteolytic changes during cold storage of dry‐cured pork loins with probiotic strains of LAB
Authors: Kęska Paulina , Stadnik Joanna , Wójciak Karolina Maria , Neffe‐Skocińska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2019

SummarySelected physico‐chemical and proteolysis‐related parameters were evaluated in dry‐cured loins inoculated with probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK900, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12) and potentially probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus Bauer Ł0938) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains and compared with a control sample at five different storage times (28, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days). Physico‐chemical parameters of dry‐cured loins were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by treatment, storage time and the interaction between them. The count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dry‐cured loins was in accordance with their pH. Higher intensity of proteolysis, as assessed by non‐protein nitrogen content (NPN) and proteolysis index (PI), occurred in inoculated samples. Based on the SDS‐PAGE analysis, the modifications produced during storage on the sarcoplasmic proteins were more pronounced than those exerted on the myofibrillar protein fraction. However, inoculation effect was absent from SDS‐PAGE protein patterns.
Impact of botanical source and processing conditions on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of honey in the northern part of Thailand
Authors: Hempattarasuwan Pantira , Settachaimongkon Sarn , Duangmal Kiattisak 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPhenolics, melissopalynological analysis, and selected physicochemical characteristics could differentiate floral honey origin. Botanical sources (longan, multifloral and Manuka) had more pronounced effect on honey properties than processing conditions. The conductivity was related to ash content and colour of honey. Total sugar, fructose and glucose content in all samples were not significantly different. Melissopalynological analysis was used to verify the botanical source of honey samples. Predominant pollen was identified. Results characterising antioxidant properties (DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and carbon‐centred radicals scavenging activity) were confirmed via both Electron Spinning Resonance and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). They showed that only hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity and ORAC were significantly different. Type and amount of phenolics in honey samples identified using HPLC could differentiate botanical source. Gallic acid and kaempferol were potential marker phenolics for longan honey. Multivariate statistical analysis allowed discrimination of honey from different botanical sources based on their phenolic profiles.
Adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin function as mast cell activity modulators
Authors: Żelechowska Paulina , Brzezińska‐Błaszczyk Ewa , Wiktorska Magdalena , Różalska Sylwia , Wawrocki Sebastian , Kozłowska Elżbieta , Agier Justyna 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA growing body of data indicates that adipocytokines, including leptin and adiponectin, are critical components not only of metabolic regulation but also of the immune system, mainly by influencing the activity of cells participating in immunological and inflammatory processes. As mast cells (MCs) are the key players in the course of those mechanisms, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of leptin and adiponectin on some aspects of MC activity. We documented that in vivo differentiated mature tissue MCs from the rat peritoneal cavity express a receptor for leptin (OB‐R), as well as receptors for adiponectin (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). We established that leptin, but not adiponectin, stimulates MCs to release of histamine as well as to generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) and chemokine CCL2. We also found that both adipocytokines affect mRNA expression of various cytokines/chemokines. Leptin and adiponectin also activate MCs to produce reactive oxygen species. Moreover, we documented that leptin significantly augments the surface expression of receptors for cysLTs, i.e. CYSLTR1, CYSLTR2, and GPR17 on MCs, while adiponectin increases only GPR17 expression, and decreases CYSLTR2. Finally, we showed that both adipocytokines serve as potent chemoattractants for MCs. In intracellular signaling in MCs activated by leptin Janus‐activated kinase 2, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and p38 molecules play a part whereas the adiponectin‐induced activity of MCs is mediated through PI3K, p38, and ERK1/2 pathways. Our observations that leptin and adiponectin regulate MC activity might indicate that adipocytokines modulate the different processes in which MCs are involved.
One step transformation of waste polyvinyl chloride to tantalum carbide@carbon nanocomposite at low temperature
Authors: Wang Liangbiao , Zhang Feng , Dai Weicheng , Cheng Qinglin , Lu Lingjing , Zhang Kailong , Lin Mayue , Shen Mingwei , Wang Di 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith the increasing use of plastic products, the environmental pollution has become more and more serious, and it also prompts us to focus on the urgent problem: how do we deal with the waste plastic? This work develops a facile procedure to convert waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) into tantalum carbide@carbon, via the chemical reaction of waste PVC, tantalum pentoxide, and metallic lithium in a stainless‐steel autoclave at 700°C. The structures, compositions, and morphologies of the as‐obtained products have been investigated by X‐ray diffraction pattern and electron microscopy. Furthermore, the effect of the reaction temperature on the composition and morphology of the as‐obtained products has been investigated. The possible formation mechanism of tantalum carbide has also been briefly discussed.
Microstructure, magnetism, and high‐frequency performance of polycrystalline Ni0.5Zn0.5Sm0.025HoxFe1.975−xO4 ferrites
Authors: Yang Pao , Qi Hongbin , Liu Zhiqing , Fu Xiuli , Peng Zhijian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNovel polycrystalline Ni0.5Zn0.5Sm0.025HoxFe1.975−xO4 (x = 0‐0.06) ferrites were fabricated by a traditional solid‐state reaction sintering method. The codoping effects of Sm and Ho on the microstructure, magnetism, and high‐frequency performance of Ni–Zn ferrites were investigated. The substitution of Sm3+ and Ho3+ ions led to an apparent increase in the lattice constants. However, further increasing the addition of both dopants introduced SmFeO3 or HoFeO3 foreign phases at the boundaries of the polycrystalline grains. As the content of Ho3+ ions increased, the relative density and average grain size of the specimens decreased accordingly. Moreover, the substitution of Sm3+ clearly decreased the saturation magnetization and complex permeability, which further decreased with the doping of Ho3+. The evolution of the Curie temperature showed an opposite trend, reaching the highest temperature of 278°C when x = 0.03. Similarly, the coercivity and resonance frequencies also displayed opposite trends compared to those of the saturation magnetization and complex permeability. The codoping of Sm3+ and Ho3+ more effectively lowered the magnetic and dielectric loss tangent of the specimens compared with the undoped or single dopant modified ferrites.
Changes in cardiovascular health and physical fitness in ethnic youth with intellectual disabilities participating in a park‐based afterschool programme for two years
Authors: Messiah Sarah E. , D'Agostino Emily M. , Patel Hersila H. , Hansen Eric , Mathew Matthew Sunil , Arheart Kristopher L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundYouth with intellectual disabilities are more likely to be an unhealthy weight and less physically active than youth without intellectual disability.ObjectiveThe effects of Fit2Play, a park‐based afterschool programme on cardiovascular/fitness health outcomes among youth with intellectual disability, were prospectively assessed.MethodsYouth ages 6 to 22 with intellectual disability who participated in Fit2Play for either one or two school years between 2010 and 2016 (N = 297, mean age 14.1 years, 70% Hispanic, 20% non‐Hispanic black, 72% male) were examined via a fitness battery at the beginning/end of the school year(s). Effects of length of Fit2Play participation on body mass index (BMI) %ile, skinfold thicknesses, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) %iles, fitness tests, and health and wellness knowledge) were evaluated via two‐level repeated measures analysis adjusted for child gender, age, ethnicity and area‐level poverty.ResultsAdjusted models showed that up to two years of Fit2Play participation was significantly associated with improved BMI %ile, skinfold thicknesses, SPB/DBP %iles and PACER scores (p < 0.05 for all). One and two years of programme participation was associated with a 6% [95% CI: 0.92, 0.96] and 10% [95% CI: 0.87, 0.93] reduction in SBP%ile, respectively (p < 0.001), and a 36% [95% CI: 1.28, 1.45] and 57% [95% CI: 1.44, 1.70] increase in PACER score laps, respectively, compared to baseline.ConclusionsResults here suggest that park‐based, structured afterschool programmes with a focus on health and wellness can be a rich resource for this nation by offering both exclusive and immersion programmes for children with intellectual disability to foster cardiovascular health in all youth.
Celiac disease and risk of sarcoidosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Panjawatanan Panadeekarn , Corral Juan E. , Lukens Frank J. , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground/objectivesSeveral epidemiologic studies have suggested that patients with celiac disease may be at an increased risk of sarcoidosis but the results were inconsistent. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted with the aim to better characterize this risk by summarizing all available data.MethodsA literature review was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to February 2019. Studies that compared the risk of sarcoidosis among patients with celiac disease versus individuals without celiac disease were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random‐effect, generic inverse variance method.ResultsOf 426 retrieved studies, four studies with 693 639 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in meta‐analysis. The risk of sarcoidosis among patients with celiac disease was higher than individuals without celiac disease with the pooled OR of 7.16 (95% CI, 1.48‐34.56). The statistical heterogeneity of this study was high (I2 = 95%).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis found a significantly higher risk of sarcoidosis among patients with celiac disease.
The Bundled Hospital Elder Life Program—HELP and HELP in Home Care—and Its Association With Clinical Outcomes Among Older Adults Discharged to Home Healthcare
Authors: Simpson Michelle , Macias Tejada Jonny , Driscoll Amy , Singh Maharaj , Klein Matthew , Malone Michael 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVESTo describe the Bundled Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP and HELP in Home Care), an adaptation of HELP, and examine the association of 30‐day all‐cause unplanned hospital readmission risk among older adults discharged to home care with and without Bundled HELP.DESIGNMatched case‐control study.SETTINGTwo medical‐surgical units within two midwestern rural hospitals and patient homes (home health).PARTICIPANTSHospitalized patients, aged 65 years and older, discharged to home healthcare with and without Bundled HELP exposure between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2017. Each case (Bundled HELP, n = 148) was matched to a control (non‐Bundled HELP, n = 148) on Charlson Comorbidity Index, primary hospital diagnosis of orthopedic condition or injury, and cardiovascular disease using propensity score matching.MEASUREMENTSThe primary study outcome was 30‐day all‐cause unplanned hospital readmission. Additional outcomes measured were 30‐day emergency department (ED) visit, hospital length of stay (LOS), and total number of skilled home care visits.RESULTSFewer cases (16.8%) than controls (28.4%) had a 30‐day all‐cause unplanned hospital readmission. The fully adjusted model showed significantly lower risk of 30‐day hospital readmission for case (Bundled HELP) patients (0.41; 95% confidence interval = 0.22‐0.77; P < .01). The difference between case (10.8%) and control (15.5%) 30‐day ED visit was not significant (P = .23). A lower LOS for the case group was shown (P < .01), while the number of skilled home care visits was not significantly different between groups (P = .28).CONCLUSIONHELP protocol implementation during a patient's hospital stay and as a continued component of home care among older adults at risk for cognitive and/or functional decline appears to be associated with favorable outcomes. Our initial evaluation supports continued study of the Bundled HELP. Further research is needed to confirm the initial findings and to evaluate the impact of the adapted model on functional outcomes and delirium incidence in the home. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1730–1736, 2019
Correlation of clinicopathological characteristics and direct immunofluorescence studies in oral lichenoid lesion in Thai patients
Authors: Tikkhanarak Kittiphoj , Wangboo Daras , Sookviboonpol Nichakorn , Thongprasom Kobkan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics, serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL).MethodsFifty three Thai patients with red and white lesions were divided into 3 groups: 17 cases of OLP, 19 cases of OLL and 17 cases of oral lichenoid drug reaction (OLDR), respectively. The medical records, photographs, histopathological evaluation and laboratory ANA and DIF results were analyzed.ResultsAtrophic pattern was the most commonly found pattern in the OLDR, OLP and OLL groups. In the OLP group, the DIF interpretation confirmed only 41.2% of cases as OLP, with 23.5% each as lichen planus (LP)/lupus erythematosus (LE) or negative findings. In the OLL group, the most common DIF interpretation (31.6% each) was LP/LE or non‐specific finding. In the OLDR group, DIF interpretation was OLP or LP/LE (23.5% each), with 5.9% each of immune complex‐mediated disease, compatible with OLP, and mixed connective tissue disease. Interestingly, 1 case in the OLDR group demonstrated mild to moderate dysplasia. There were no significant differences in ANA positivity or patterns between the 3 groups.ConclusionAn OLP‐like lesion could be diagnosed as OLP, OLP/LE, chronic ulcerative‐like lesion, immune‐mediated disease or dysplasia.