bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced expression of the P‐glycoprotein gene PxABCB1 is linked to resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in Plutella xylostella (L.)
Authors: Zhou Junlei , Guo Zhaojiang , Kang Shi , Qin Jianying , Gong Lijun , Sun Dan , Guo Le , Zhu Liuhong , Bai Yang , Zhang Zhuzhu , Zhou Xiaomao , Zhang Youjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRapid evolution of pest resistance has seriously threatened the sustainable use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is the first pest to develop resistance to Bt biopesticides in the open field, which renders it an excellent model to explore the molecular basis of Bt resistance in insects. Our previous midgut transcriptome and RNA‐Seq profiles showed that the P‐glycoprotein gene PxABCB1 was down‐regulated in two Cry1Ac‐resistant P. xylostella strains, suggesting its potential involvement in Cry1Ac resistance in P. xylostella.RESULTSIn this study, the bona fide full‐length cDNA sequence of the PxABCB1 gene was cloned and analyzed, and the expression of the PxABCB1 gene was detected in all tissues and developmental stages, with the highest expression in midgut tissue and the female adult stage. Although no consistent non‐synonymous mutations were identified between the susceptible and resistant strains, PxABCB1 gene expression was remarkably decreased in all resistant strains, and the association was further validated by Cry1Ac selection in the moderately resistant SZ‐R strain. Moreover, knockdown of the PxABCB1 gene expression resulted in significantly reduced larval susceptibility to Cry1Ac toxin in the DBM1Ac‐S strain, and decreased expression of the PxABCB1 gene was tightly linked to Cry1Ac resistance in P. xylostella.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrated that down‐regulation of the PxABCB1 gene is associated with both laboratory‐selected and field‐evolved Cry1Ac resistance in P. xylostella. This knowledge will be conducive to further elucidating the complicated molecular basis of Bt resistance and developing new insect resistance management tactics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
High performance nonlinear adaptive control of temperature in cryogenic wind tunnel
Authors: Zhu Rusong , Wang Hai , Yin Guofu , Ding Zhengtao 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA new nonlinear adaptive control method based on Immersion and Invariant (I&I) approach is proposed for the temperature control of a cryogenic wind tunnel. The proposed control method can be applied to wide range temperature operation of the tunnel by incorporating the nonlinear dynamic model of temperature into the controller design. By constructing globally stable nonlinear observer, and rendering an invariant and attractive manifold in the state space of plant and observer, the uncertain gain of known disturbance and unknown wind tunnel wall temperature are considered in the same manner within the adaptive I&I control frame. In the design, nominal heat transfer coefficient is deployed to avoid complicated design process involving nonlinear parameterization. This design leads to an adaptive output feedback stabilization control law for the temperature with guaranteed transient and steady performance, which exhibits reasonable robustness to time delay in the control input channel and other uncertainties. The analysis and simulation show the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.
Swimming behavior of crucian carp in an open channel with sudden expansion
Authors: Zha Wei , Huang Minghai , Zeng Yuhong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe sudden‐expansion effect created by natural and man‐made structures such as unsubmerged boulders, spur dikes, and culvert structures is common in open channels. Migratory fishes may use the heterogeneous flow generated by sudden expansion to their benefit, to select habitats for balancing energy expenditure or for maximizing predation opportunities. This study explores the swimming behavior of three size classes of crucian carp in response to hydrodynamic characteristics in an experimental open channel with sudden expansion. The flow field was characterized using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and featured a recirculation zone in the vicinity of the expansion. Based on the classification of the swimming trajectory, four specific swimming behaviours (SSBs) were utilized by crucian carp during migration. With increasing flow velocity, fish spent more time in the recirculation zone. Residence time in the recirculation zone was inversely correlated with fish body length. Due to the advantage in providing shelter from challenging heterogeneous hydraulic conditions, the recirculation zone was preferred by crucian carp, especially the smaller ones, indicating the importance of energy conservation in habitat occupation. These findings confirm that the recirculation zone generated by sudden expansion may be beneficial to the upstream passage of fish and in habitat restoration.
A sparse Gaussian sigmoid basis function approximation of hyperspectral data for detection of solids
Authors: Lanker Cory , Smith Milton O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe define a new characterization of emissivity and reflectance curves for compositional exploitation of hyperspectral data. Our method decomposes each spectrum into a sparse set of Gaussian sigmoid components using penalized regression. Detection is based on the combination of Gaussian sigmoid components unique to a target material. Focusing on the presence of spectral upslopes and downslopes rather than spectral correlations makes detection more robust to both target variation and spectral variability from atmosphere and background encountered during the collection process. We present simulation studies that demonstrate the potential to reduce false positive rates without compromising sensitivity. Characterization of long‐wave infrared (LWIR) experimental data validates our method using minerals of different particle sizes, measurement angles, and collection conditions.
ZnS/C/MoS2 Nanocomposite Derived from Metal–Organic Framework for High‐Performance Photo‐Electrochemical Immunosensing of Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: Wei Qiuxi , Wang Chen , Li Ping , Wu Tsunghsueh , Yang Nianjun , Wang Xing , Wang Yanying , Li Chunya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid is used as a functional monomer to prepare a metal–organic framework (Zn‐MOF). Zn‐MOF is used as a template for MoS2 nanosheets synthesis and further carbonized to yield light‐responsive ZnS/C/MoS2 nanocomposites. Zn‐MOF, carbonized‐Zn‐MOF, and ZnS/C/MoS2 nanocomposites are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), element mapping, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescence, and nitrogen‐adsorption analysis. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is selected as a model to construct an immunosensing platform to evaluate the photo‐electrochemical (PEC) performances of ZnS/C/MoS2 nanocomposites. A sandwich‐type PEC immunosensor is fabricated by immobilizing CEA antibody (Ab1) onto the ZnS/C/MoS2/GCE surface, subsequently binding CEA and the alkaline phosphatase‐gold nanoparticle labeled CEA antibody (ALP‐Au‐Ab2). The catalytic conversion of vitamin C magnesium phosphate produces ascorbic acid (AA). Upon being illuminated, AA can react with photogenerated holes from ZnS/C/MoS2 nanocomposites to generate a photocurrent for quantitative assay. Under optimized experimental conditions, the PEC immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical characteristics with a linear range from 2.0 pg mL−1 to 10.0 ng mL−1 and a detection limit of 1.30 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). The outstanding practicability of this PEC immunosensor is demonstrated by accurate assaying of CEA in clinical serum samples.
A physiological data‐driven model for learners' cognitive load detection using HRV‐PRV feature fusion and optimized XGBoost classification
Authors: Guo Junqi , Dai Yazhu , Wang Chixiang , Wu Hao , Xu Tianyou , Lin Kai 
Published: July 2019

SummaryDue to the increasing attention to online learning, cognitive load has been recently considered as a crucial indicator for judging teenagers' learning state so as to improve both learning and teaching effects. However, some traditional cognitive load measurement methods such as subjective measurement are easily influenced by subjective sensation deviation of subjects. None of them can reflect the cognitive load of learners more precisely. Recently, machine learning–based data modeling has gained more importance in the scenarios of various smart wearables and Internet of things applications. Meanwhile, physiological signals have proven to contribute much to human health assessment. On the basis of the above considerations, this paper proposes a physiological data‐driven model for learners' cognitive load detection under the application of smart wearables. The model consists of four modules: physiological signal acquisition, signal preprocessing, heart rate variability and pulse rate variability feature fusion, and cognitive load classification through an optimized extreme gradient boosting classifier in which hyperparameters are adaptively tuned with sequential model–based optimization. Furthermore, we design an experimental paradigm for signal acquisition in a learning environment, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model for cognitive load detection outperforms conventional approaches that only employ either heart rate variability or pulse rate variability for modeling. We also compare the effects of different feature fusion algorithms combined with different classification algorithms, which demonstrates that the proposed model achieves the highest accuracy of cognitive load detection due to its optimal combination of feature fusion and classification.
Internationalization of services: The case of intra‐multinational enterprise trade
Authors: Rao P. M. , Vinod Hrishikesh D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreased tradability of services, made possible by the information and communications technology (ICT) revolution, has been at the heart of the internationalization of services. Although rapid growth of the services trade between parents of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their overseas subsidiaries has contributed to the internationalization of services, empirical studies examining the determinants of intra‐MNE trade in services are few. This article, using the ownership, location, and internalization (OLI) framework, attempts to explain intra‐MNE trade in services. The results provide strong support for the OLI perspective, and posit a complementary relationship between manufacturing foreign direct investment and intra‐MNE services trade. The results also suggest the importance of subsidiaries' absorptive capacity and breadth of global connectedness for intra‐MNE trade.
Cross‐country study on food consumption patterns and rice away from home: The case of Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Nazmul , Md. Irfan Nafis , Roy Sanjit , Shaheen Nazma 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs with most Asian countries, rice dominates Bangladesh in terms of food production and consumption. However, with sustained increase in income, persistent commendable GDP growth, urbanization, and significant reduction in poverty, people tend to consume more diversified food, ready to eat food, and food away from home. The findings from this study, based on data from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, lend support to this consumption propensity and indicate that with time rice is becoming cheaper and animal and plant foods are getting dearer and expensive. This implies that the national agricultural policy of Bangladesh must recast to match the future food demand of people and to meet the increasing challenge of reversing the rising prices of non‐staples including animal foods. Nested studies on “rice and food away from home” and estimation of demand elasticity and formulation of food demand equations to determine dietary choices and to find nutritional implications of movements in relative food prices and other exogenous variables, to this effect, will have important policy implications for Bangladesh agriculture–food and health paradigm.
Doubling farmer's income: The case of India
Authors: Singh Rohit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgriculture, in most of the developing and under‐developed countries, is the primary sector responsible for employment and livelihood of the majority of population, especially rural. This sector is entrusted with the responsibility of poverty alleviation in rural areas and contribution to overall economic growth. Hence, designing optimal policy and setting objectives have always been a concern area for the policy‐makers. In the last fiscal year, policy objective of doubling farmer income by the year 2022 was announced by the government. This paper analyzes the historical aspects of doubling of farmer's income using the National Sample Survey Office's situation assessment survey and draws projection for the future at degenerate level across land holding and states. This paper reviews the optimal mix of policies that should be adopted by the government to successful double the farmer’s income. The paper also presents a comparative analysis with such policy objective being successfully achieved in Chinese economy.
Effect of glochidia infection on growth of fish: freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera and brown trout Salmo trutta
Authors: Chowdhury M. Motiur R. , Marjomäki Timo J. , Taskinen Jouni 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEffect of freshwater mussels’ (Unionoida) glochidia on the growth of fish host has remained poorly studied. We compared the specific growth rate of the juvenile, PIT-marked brown trout (Salmo trutta) between uninfected controls to those experimentally infected (average initial intensity of infection 8000 fish−1) withMargaritifera margaritiferaglochidia, kept in high and low feeding. Growth and mortality of fish were monitored for 10 months. Our hypothesis was that glochidiosis would impair the growth of fish. According to our hypothesis, infected fish gained statistically significantly less weight than the control fish throughout the experiment. A proportional increase in weight of control individuals was 11% higher than that of the infected fish. However, neither the feeding regime (high, low) nor the period (September–November, November–March, March–May), had a significant effect on the growth difference between control and infected fish. As the effect of infection on the growth of fish was subtle and no effect on host mortality was detected either, this may turn public opinion favorable forM. margaritiferaconservation even if the salmonid host population is important for commercial or recreational fishing.
Assessment of executive function in bilingual adults with history of mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ratiu Ileana , Azuma Tamiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and objective:Adults with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often show deficits in executive function (EF), including the ability to inhibit, switch, and attend to task relevant information. Although performances differences between bilinguals and monolinguals have been observed in EF tasks, there is little research on the effect of TBI on EF in bilinguals. In this study, an ecologically valid standardized measure and experimental computerized tasks of EF were administered to Spanish-English bilingual adults with and without history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Method:Twenty-two bilinguals with a history of mTBI [mean age=20.1 years, SD=3.7; education=13.4 years, SD=0.7] and 20 control bilinguals [mean age=20.8 years, SD=3.6; education=13.7 years, SD=1.1], matched for age and education, completed language proficiency questionnaires, the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES), English and Spanish language assessments, and a Flanker task (a test of inhibition).Results:Performance was analyzed using analyses of covariance. The results revealed that bilinguals with a history of mTBI performed worse on both the standardized assessment (FAVRES) and inhibition task. Interestingly, self-reported EF deficits were consistent with performance on these measures.Conclusion:The findings of this study provide useful information regarding assessment of EF deficits in bilinguals with a history mTBI. Computerized experimental tasks of EF may also prove useful in the assessment of EF in individuals with mTBI.
How is quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation being assessed? A national survey of Canadian emergency medicine physicians
Authors: Wright Natasha , Lin Yiqun , Cheng Adam 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigh-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a fundamental intervention for cardiac arrest, yet health care providers rarely adhere to recommended guidelines. Real-time feedback improves CPR performance. It is currently unknown how Canadian emergency physicians assess CPR quality during cardiac arrest and if they use feedback devices. Our aim was to describe how emergency physicians assess CPR quality and to describe eventual barriers to implementation of feedback technology.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey that was distributed to attending and resident emergency physicians through the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Responses were summarized and analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe response rate was 19% (323/1735). Visual observation was the most common method of assessing CPR quality (41.2%), with leaders standing at the foot of the bed (67.4%). This was followed by real-time pulse check (29.7%) and end-tidal CO2 values (21.7%). Only 12% of physicians utilized CPR feedback technology. The most common perceived barrier to utilization was unavailability, inexperience with devices and lack of guidelines/evidence for their use.ConclusionMost Canadian emergency physicians that responded to our survey, assess quality of CPR by standing at the foot of the bed and utilize visual observation and palpation methods which are known to be inaccurate. A minority utilize objective measurements such as ETCO2 or feedback devices, with the greatest barrier being lack of availability.
Designing for Accelerated Translation (DART) of emerging innovations in health
Authors: Ramsey Alex T. , Proctor Enola K. , Chambers David A. , Garbutt Jane M. , Malone Sara , Powderly William G. , Bierut Laura J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAccelerating innovation translation is a priority for improving healthcare and health. Although dissemination and implementation (D&I) research has made significant advances over the past decade, it has attended primarily to the implementation of long-standing, well-established practices and policies. We present a conceptual architecture for speeding translation of promising innovations as candidates for iterative testing in practice. Our framework to Design for Accelerated Translation (DART) aims to clarify whether, when, and how to act on evolving evidence to improve healthcare. We view translation of evidence to practice as a dynamic process and argue that much evidence can be acted upon even when uncertainty is moderately high, recognizing that this evidence is evolving and subject to frequent reevaluation. The DART framework proposes that additional factors – demand, risk, and cost, in addition to the evolving evidence base – should influence the pace of translation over time. Attention to these underemphasized factors may lead to more dynamic decision-making about whether or not to adopt an emerging innovation or de-implement a suboptimal intervention. Finally, the DART framework outlines key actions that will speed movement from evidence to practice, including forming meaningful stakeholder partnerships, designing innovations for D&I, and engaging in a learning health system.
TheN-star network evolution model
Authors: Fazekas István , Noszály Csaba , Perecsényi Attila 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new network evolution model is introduced in this paper. The model is based on cooperations ofNunits. The units are the nodes of the network and the cooperations are indicated by directed links. At each evolution stepNunits cooperate, which formally means that they form a directedN-star subgraph. At each step either a new unit joins the network and it cooperates withN− 1 old units, orNold units cooperate. During the evolution both preferential attachment and uniform choice are applied. Asymptotic power law distributions are obtained both for in-degrees and for out-degrees.
Comparison results for M/G/1 queues with waiting and sojourn time deadlines
Authors: Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper considers two variants of M/G/1 queues with impatient customers, which are denoted by M/G/1+Gw and M/G/1+Gs. In the M/G/1+Gw queue customers have deadlines for their waiting times, and they leave the system immediately if their services do not start before the expiration of their deadlines. On the other hand, in the M/G/1+Gs queue customers have deadlines for their sojourn times, where customers in service also immediately leave the system when their deadlines expire. In this paper we derive comparison results for performance measures of these models. In particular, we show that if the service time distribution is new better than used in expectation, then the loss probability in the M/G/1+Gs queue is greater than that in the M/G/1+Gw queue.
On the rate of convergence for the length of the longest common subsequences in hidden Markov models
Authors: Houdré C. , Kerchev G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLet (X, Y) = (Xn, Yn)n≥1 be the output process generated by a hidden chain Z = (Zn)n≥1, where Z is a finite-state, aperiodic, time homogeneous, and irreducible Markov chain. Let LCn be the length of the longest common subsequences of X1,..., Xn and Y1,..., Yn. Under a mixing hypothesis, a rate of convergence result is obtained for E[LCn]/n.
First passage percolation on sparse random graphs with boundary weights
Authors: Leskelä Lasse , Ngo Hoa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA large and sparse random graph with independent exponentially distributed link weights can be used to model the propagation of messages or diseases in a network with an unknown connectivity structure. In this article we study an extended setting where, in addition, the nodes of the graph are equipped with nonnegative random weights which are used to model the effect of boundary delays across paths in the network. Our main results provide approximative formulas for typical first passage times, typical flooding times, and maximum flooding times in the extended setting, over a time scale logarithmic with respect to the network size.
The De Vylder–Goovaerts conjecture holds within the diffusion limit
Authors: Ankirchner Stefan , Blanchet-Scalliet Christophette , Kazi-Tani Nabil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe De Vylder and Goovaerts conjecture is an open problem in risk theory, stating that the finite-time ruin probability in a standard risk model is greater than or equal to the corresponding ruin probability evaluated in an associated model with equalized claim amounts. Equalized means here that the jump sizes of the associated model are equal to the average jump in the initial model between 0 and a terminal time T.In this paper, we consider the diffusion approximations of both the standard risk model and its associated risk model. We prove that the associated model, when conveniently renormalized, converges in distribution to a Gaussian process satisfying a simple SDE. We then compute the probability that this diffusion hits the level 0 before time T and compare it with the same probability for the diffusion approximation for the standard risk model. We conclude that the De Vylder and Goovaerts conjecture holds for the diffusion limits.