bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Child in the Paediatric Genetics Clinic
Authors: McLaughlin Janice 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Children with unexplained problems in their development can be referred to genetics clinics; the number having such referrals is increasing as new technologies enhance the number of genetic variations that can be identified. From the perspective of the child and their family, this raises a number of issues social science research can help us to understand. In particular, issues such as understandings of kinship; feelings of parental responsibility; the uncertainties involved in diagnosis and the different ways the child is visualised through the stages of diagnosis. As new‐generation sequencing enters the clinic, it is important to consider how what happens to children and their families may both change and stay the same.

Key Concepts

Kinship can have both social and biological meaning.

Parents seek a genetic diagnosis to resolve social as well as medical problems.

A diagnosis that does not provide an answer to what the future holds for a child, or how they should be cared for, may not be seen by parents as a diagnosis.

Geneticists deploy both interpretative and communicative skills in their interactions with children and their families.

As new‐generation sequencing (NGS) enters clinical practice, it will generate social and ethical issues.

A small number of studies of NGS in clinical practice indicate some continuity in the challenges of managing diagnostic uncertainty for both geneticists and families.
Brain Training
Authors: Pahor Anja , Jaeggi Susanne M , Seitz Aaron R 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Brain training aims to enhance cognitive processes such as perception, motor control, memory and decision‐making. Emerging research demonstrates that such cognitive processes can be trained, leading to improvements in everyday functioning that depend on these processes. As such, brain training is a rich and exciting field that delves into the limits of the human brain and has potential to benefit everyone's lives. However, while brain training shows promise, it has also sparked controversy as results are mixed across studies, and because findings are often sensationalised with an increasing number of commercial brain‐training products. The field is active and evolving and has the potential to overcome these issues as research clarifies what techniques show the most promise and uncovers the ingredients that most consistently lead to real‐world benefits.

Key Concepts

Brain training aims at improving the function of one or more cognitive processes.

Cognitive processes include perceptual abilities, motor learning, memory and executive function.

Nearly all populations, healthy or impaired, could benefit from effective brain‐training interventions.

The ultimate goal of brain training is to generalise beyond the training context to benefit everyday functioning.

The evidence supporting effectiveness of brain training is mixed, and findings are actively debated.

Brain training is an interesting field that will likely improve in the future as research uncovers which techniques show most promise, and for whom.
Association Between Declining Walking Speed and Increasing Bone Marrow Lesion and Effusion Volume in Individuals with Accelerated Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Harkey Matthew S. , Price Lori Lyn , McAlindon Timothy E. , Davis Julie E. , Stout Alina C. , Lu Bing , Zhang Ming , Eaton Charles B. , Barbe Mary F. , Lo Grace H. , Driban Jeffrey B. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether a decline in walking speed during the year prior to disease onset is associated with concurrent changes in cartilage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), or effusion in adults who develop common knee osteoarthritis (OA), accelerated knee OA, or no knee OA.MethodsWe identified 3 groups from the Osteoarthritis Initiative based on annual radiographs from baseline to 48 months: accelerated knee OA, common knee OA, and no knee OA. We used the cartilage damage index (CDI) to assess tibiofemoral cartilage damage and used a semiautomated program to measure BML and effusion volume. Walking speed was assessed as an individual's habitual walking speed over 20 meters. One‐year change in walking speed and structural measures were calculated as index visit measurements minus measurements from the year prior visit. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether change in walking speed (exposure) was associated with change in each structural measure (outcome) for the overall group and then separately for the accelerated knee OA, common knee OA, and no knee OA groups.ResultsAdults who slowed their walking speed were almost twice as likely to present with increased BML volume, with a significant association (odds ratio 3.04 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–8.95]) among adults with accelerated knee OA. Adults with accelerated knee OA who slowed their walking speed were approximately 3.4 times (95% CI 1.10–10.49) more likely to present with increased effusion volume. Walking speed change was not significantly associated with CDI change.ConclusionA change in an easily assessable clinical examination (i.e., 20‐meter walk test) was associated with concurrent worsening in BML and effusion volume in adults who developed accelerated knee OA.
Impact of High‐Intensity Interval Training on Disease Activity and Disease in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Thomsen Ruth S. , Nilsen Tom I. L. , Haugeberg Glenn , Bye Anja , Kavanaugh Arthur , Hoff Mari 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on disease activity and disease perception in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and to evaluate whether a potential effect could be sustained for a longer period of time.MethodsWe randomly assigned 67 patients with PsA (43 women and 24 men) to an intervention group in which patients performed HIIT for 11 weeks or a control group of patients who were instructed not to change their physical exercise habits. Outcomes were assessed at 3 months and 9 months with the patient's global assessment (PGA), fatigue, and pain scores measured on a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS), and the composite Disease Activity Score in 44 joints (DAS44) was calculated. We used linear mixed models to calculate the mean difference (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) between groups according to the intent‐to‐treat principle.ResultsAt 3 months, there was no clear difference in the PGA score (–0.49 [95% CI –10.91, 9.94]), DAS44 (–0.08 [95% CI –0.36, 0.20]), or pain intensity (5.45 [95% CI –4.36, 15.26]) between the groups. However, patients in the intervention group reported less fatigue (–12.83 [95% CI –25.88, 0.23]) than those in the control group. There was no evidence of long‐term effects of HIIT on outcomes measured at 9 months.ConclusionHIIT showed no clear effects on disease activity markers in patients with PsA, but the intervention (exercise) group reported meaningfully less fatigue after the intervention period. The results of this study suggest that patients with PsA tolerate HIIT without deterioration of disease activity and with improvement in fatigue.
High‐Brightness Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by a Directly Grown Graphene Buffer Layer
Authors: Chen Zhaolong , Zhang Xiang , Dou Zhipeng , Wei Tongbo , Liu Zhiqiang , Qi Yue , Ci Haina , Wang Yunyu , Li Yang , Chang Hongliang , Yan Jianchang , Yang Shenyuan , Zhang Yanfeng , Wang Junxi , Gao Peng , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSingle‐crystalline GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with high efficiency and long lifetime are the most promising solid‐state lighting source compared with conventional incandescent and fluorescent lamps. However, the lattice and thermal mismatch between GaN and sapphire substrate always induces high stress and high density of dislocations and thus degrades the performance of LEDs. Here, the growth of high‐quality GaN with low stress and a low density of dislocations on graphene (Gr) buffered sapphire substrate is reported for high‐brightness blue LEDs. Gr films are directly grown on sapphire substrate to avoid the tedious transfer process and GaN is grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The introduced Gr buffer layer greatly releases biaxial stress and reduces the density of dislocations in GaN film and InxGa1−xN/GaN multiple quantum well structures. The as‐fabricated LED devices therefore deliver much higher light output power compared to that on a bare sapphire substrate, which even outperforms the mature process derived counterpart. The GaN growth on Gr buffered sapphire only requires one‐step growth, which largely shortens the MOCVD growth time. This facile strategy may pave a new way for applications of Gr films and bring several disruptive technologies for epitaxial growth of GaN film and its applications in high‐brightness LEDs.
Contact Angle Analysis for the Prediction of Defect States of Graphene Grafted with Functional Groups
Authors: Bong Jihye , Park Ju Hyun , Lim Taekyung , Kang Seok Ju , Kwak Sang Kyu , Ju Sanghyun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMass production of graphene is being actively pursued for applications in electronics and energy devices. However, a rapid and simple method to identify the defect states of graphene (which significantly affects the electronic property), prior to the fabrication of the devices, needs to be developed. The manufacturing process requires an easy assessment tool to identify the characteristics of the defects while avoiding cumbersome measurements. This study demonstrates the contact angle analysis to be a plausible assessment tool with the help of molecular dynamics simulations and experiments. The simulations are performed for water droplets on graphene grafted with the most probable functional groups. The contact angle and the shape of the water droplets are interpreted to estimate the type and density of the defects in graphene. This technique can be used as a screening step to identify defective graphene.
Tuning Excitonic Properties of Pure and Mixed Halide Perovskite Thin Films via Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Nikolaidou Katerina , Sarang Som , Martin Denzal , Tung Vincent , Lu Jennifer Q. , Ghosh Sayantani 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe authors explore the potential of ZnO layers of different morphologies, including single crystalline, micro‐structured, and nano‐structured substrates, for tuning exciton binding energy and influencing charge extraction when interfaced with pure (CH3NH3PbI3) and mixed (CH3NH3PbI3−xClx) halide hybrid perovskite (PVSK) thin films. Electron microscopy characterization of the PVSK/ZnO interfaces are correlated with charge transfer properties, probed by means of temperature, power, and time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results show that at room temperature, the single crystalline ZnO film promotes PL quenching, and reduces recombination lifetime along with exciton density in the PVSK films, all indicative of efficient electron extraction. Nevertheless, the micro‐structured ZnO layers exhibit a mild increase of the PVSK PL at room temperature, and the nano‐structured ZnO enhances PL by up to several thousand‐fold, while simultaneously enhancing recombination rates by 50%. These trends are temperature dependent, and the findings highlight two opposing aspects of how excitonic dissociation in PVSK thin films is affected by the morphology of the underlying ZnO layers. While the single crystalline ZnO can be leveraged as an efficient electron extraction layer for application in photovoltaic devices, the micro‐ and nano‐structured ones offer potential new opportunities for utilization of high quantum yield hybrid perovskites in opto‐electronic platforms.
Sandwich‐Like FeCl3@C as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Deping , Zhu Min , Chen Lina , Chen Long , Zhai Wei , Ai Qing , Hou Guangmei , Sun Qing , Liu Yang , Liang Zhen , Guo Shirui , Lou Jun , Si Pengchao , Feng Jinkui , Zhang Lin , Ci Lijie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCarbon materials are used as the anode materials of potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) thanks to the feasible intercalation of potassium ions. However, their rate capability and cycling performance are still unsatisfactory. In this work, FeCl3‐intercalated expanded graphite (FeCl3‐EG) is first reported as an excellent anode material of KIBs. Attributed to the unique structure with FeCl3 sandwiched between the adjacent graphene layers, the FeCl3‐EG electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 269.5 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and 133.1 mAh g−1 at an ultrahigh current density of 5000 mA g−1. The FeCl3‐EG electrode also exhibits an ultrastable cycling performance. Even after 500 cycles at the current density of 50 mA g−1, the FeCl3‐EG electrode can still deliver a discharge capacity of 224.1 mAh g−1 with a high capacity retention of ≈88.82%. Moreover, the FeCl3‐EG electrode is measured at an ultrahigh current density of 2000 mA g−1 for 1300 cycles, with a high capacity retention of ≈70.38%. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements are performed to investigate the potassium storage mechanism of FeCl3‐EG electrode, which confirms the FeCl3‐EG a promising anode material for high‐performance KIBs.
Micropatterned Elastic Gold‐Nanowire/Polyacrylamide Composite Hydrogels for Wearable Pressure Sensors
Authors: Yin Ming‐jie , Zhang Yangxi , Yin Zhigang , Zheng Qingdong , Zhang A. Ping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElastic hydrogels have recently attracted remarkable attention because of their unique mechanical and stimulus‐responsive properties. In this work, a novel elastic supramolecular hydrogel for wearable pressure sensors is developed by photocrosslinking polyacrylamide (PAAm) through covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds as well as ionic bonds in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) and Ca2+. Gold nanowires (Au NWs) are homogeneously mingled with the PAAm hydrogel to attain a conductive composite hydrogel. Using an in‐house optical maskless exposure technology, printable piezoresistive pressure sensors are quickly fabricated by directly patterning the composite hydrogel into microribs on flexible electrodes. The pressure sensors with microrib structures exhibit a bimodal contact mode between Au NWs, which provides a new pathway to engineer the sensor's sensitivity and operation range. In the experiments, the pressure sensor with optimized microrib structures shows not only ultrahigh sensitivity (i.e., 3.71 kPa−1 in the pressure range of 0–2.8 kPa) but also low detection limit (i.e., 0.2 Pa) and long‐term stability. A flexible hand‐shape electrode device and an arterial pulse monitoring sensor are demonstrated to reveal the potentials of such a pressure sensor on wearable device applications.
Sulfinate‐Organocatalyzed (3+2) Annulation of Allenyl Sulfones with 1,1‐Dicyano Olefins in the Presence of a Quaternary Ammonium Phase Transfer Agent
Authors: Martzel Thomas , Lohier Jean‐François , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Brière Jean‐François , Perrio Stéphane 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe benzenesulfinate‐catalyzed (3+2) annulation between allenyl sulfones and aryl(alkyl)idenemalononitriles has been developed under mild phase transfer conditions, affording a breadth of functionalized sulfonyl cyclopentenes in good to excellent yields (22 examples, 49–99%) and high diastereoselectivities. These adducts were likely generated, via an allylsulfone anion featuring a quaternary ammonium cation.magnified image
Unexpected Decarboxylation‐Triggered o‐Hydroxyl‐Controlled Redox Condensation of Phenylglycines with 2‐Nitrophenols in Aqueous Media
Authors: Tang Lin , Yang Zhen , Sun Tian , Zhang Di , Ma Xiantao , Rao Weihao , Zhou Yuqiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA decarboxylation‐triggered and o‐hydroxyl‐controlled hydrogen‐transfer strategy for the one‐pot synthesis of benzoxazoles from readily available amino acids and 2‐nitrophenols is reported. On the basis of this autoredox reaction, the C−N bond can be efficiently constructed to afford the desired products in moderate to good yields under transition‐metal‐free conditions in aqueous media.magnified image
Effect of plasticizers on physicochemical properties of cellulose nanocrystals filled alginate bionanocomposite films
Authors: El Miri Nassima , Aziz Faissal , Aboulkas Adil , El Bouchti Mehdi , Ben Youcef Hicham , El Achaby Mounir 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, the effect of various polyol‐based plasticizers, including glycerol (GLY), diethylene glycol (DEG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), on the properties of alginate (ALG)‐based films and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)‐filled ALG‐based bionanocomposite films was investigated. The CNC used as nanoreinforcing fillers were extracted, at nanometric scale, from sugarcane bagasse fibers using sulfuric acid hydrolysis process, and their morphology and structure were characterized. Plasticized ALG films and plasticized ALG‐CNC bionanocomposite films were prepared by solvent casting method. Before the casting process, the steady shear viscosity of film‐forming solutions of all studied formulations was studied and compared. The obtained ALG‐based films were successfully characterized in terms of their structure, transparency, water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture uptake (MU), thermal, and mechanical properties. It was found that all studied plasticized films keep the same transparency level of neat ALG films, thus suggesting that the selected plasticizers are compatible with the ALG biopolymer, and the CNC are well dispersed within the bionanocomposite films. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of neat ALG films were largely decreased after the addition of different plasticizers, while the elongation at break was significantly increased. However, these selected mechanical parameters were simultaneously improved when CNC are incorporated into plasticized ALG bionanocomposite films. The WVP and MU properties of ALG films were decreased when different plasticizers and CNC were added. Herein, the steps to form new eco‐friendly ALG films were described by taking advantage of the combination of plasticizers and CNC with ALG biopolymer. The as‐produced films exhibited good optical transparency while reducing the WVP and enhancing tensile properties, which are the main properties required for packaging applications.
A transcriptome screen for positive selection in domesticated breadfruit and its wild relatives (Artocarpus spp.)
Authors: Laricchia Kristen M. , Johnson Matthew G. , Ragone Diane , Williams Evelyn W. , Zerega Nyree J. C. , Wickett Norman J. 
Published: June 2018

Premise of the StudyUnderutilized crops, such as breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis, Moraceae) have the potential to improve global food security. Humans have artificially selected many cultivars of breadfruit since its domestication began approximately 3500 years ago. The goal of this research was to identify transcriptomic signals of positive selection and to develop genomic resources that may facilitate the development of improved breadfruit cultivars in the future.MethodsA reference transcriptome of breadfruit was assembled de novo and annotated. Twenty‐four transcriptomes of breadfruit and its wild relatives were generated and analyzed to reveal signals of positive selection that may have resulted from local adaptation or natural selection. Emphasis was placed on MADS‐box genes, which are important because they often regulate fruiting timing and structures, and on carotenoid biosynthesis genes, which can impact the nutritional quality of the fruit.Key ResultsOver 1000 genes showed signals of positive selection, and these genes were enriched for localization to plastids. Nucleotide sites and individuals under positive selection were discovered in MADS‐box genes and carotenoid biosynthesis genes, with several sites located in cofactor or DNA‐binding domains. A McDonald–Kreitman test comparing wild to cultivated samples revealed selection in one of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes, abscisic acid 8′‐hydroxylase 3.ConclusionsThis research highlights some of the many genes that may have been intentionally or unintentionally selected for during the human‐mediated dispersal of breadfruit and stresses the importance of conserving a varied germplasm collection. It has revealed candidate genes for further study and produced new genomic resources for breadfruit.
Photoredox Catalysis of Cyclometalated IrIII Complex for the Conversion of Amines to Fluorinated Alkyl Amides
Authors: Ng Chi‐On , Feng Hua , Cheng Shun‐Cheung , Xiao Yelan , Lo Larry Tso‐Lun , Ko Chi‐Chiu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing luminescent cyclometalated IrIII complex as photocatalyst, a new visible‐light induced photocatalytic method for the preparation of perfluorinated alkyl amides under a mild condition has been developed. Primary aliphatic, secondary aliphatic and aromatic amines as well as perfluoroalkyl iodides and bromides can be used as the substrates in the photocatalytic reactions. On the basis of the emission quenching study and the characterizations of the reaction intermediates, the mechanism of the photocatalysis has been proposed.
Templat‐ und metallfreie Synthese stickstoffreicher, nanoporöser und “edler” Kohlenstoffmaterialien durch direkte Kondensation eines vororganisierten Hexaazatriphenylen Vorläufers
Authors: Walczak Ralf , Kurpil Bogdan , Savateev Aleksandr , Heil Tobias , Schmidt Johannes , Qin Qing , Antonietti Markus , Oschatz Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPoröse und oxidationsresistente (“edle”) Kohlenstoffmaterialien werden durch gezielte thermische Umwandlung eines Hexaazatriphenylen‐Vorläufers hergestellt. Einfache thermische Kondensation der vororganisierten molekularen Präkursorverbindung führt zu stickstoffreichen Kohlenstoffen mit C2N‐artiger Stöchiometrie. Trotz der Abwesenheit jeglicher Porogene und Metallspezies erreichen die spezifischen Oberflächen der molekularen Kohlenstoffe aufgrund ihrer signifikanten Mikroporosität bis zu 1000 m2 g−1. Anteil und Art der Stickstoffspezies können über die Synthesetemperatur kontrolliert werden, während die Porosität weitgehend unbeeinflusst bleibt. Die resultierenden edlen Kohlenstoffe haben eine stark polarisierende mikroporöse Struktur und zeigen daher besonders hohe Adsorptionsaffinitäten zu Molekülen wie H2O und CO2. Dieses Prinzip der vororganisierten Präkursoren eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten für die Synthese poröser edler Kohlenstoffe unter molekularer Kontrolle, die Zugang zu den speziellen physikalischen Eigenschafften der C2N‐Struktur schafft und damit das bekannte Spektrum der klassischen porösen Kohlenstoffe erweitert.
BODIPY Peptide Labeling by Late‐Stage C(sp3)−H Activation
Authors: Wang Wei , Lorion Mélanie M. , Martinazzoli Oscar , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLate‐stage BODIPY diversification of structurally complex amino acids and peptides was accomplished by racemization‐free palladium‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H activation. Transformative fluorescence modification proved viable by triazole‐assisted C(sp3)−H arylation in a chemo‐ and site‐selective fashion, providing modular access to novel BODIPY peptide sensors.