bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalent Misconceptions About Opioid Use Disorders in the United States Produce Failed Policy and Public Health Responses
Authors: Heimer Robert , Hawk Kathryn , Vermund Sten H 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current opioid crisis in the United States has emerged from higher demand for and prescribing of opioids as chronic pain medication, leading to massive diversion into illicit markets. A peculiar tragedy is that many health professionals prescribed opioids in a misguided response to legitimate concerns that pain was undertreated. The crisis grew not only from overprescribing, but also from other sources, including insufficient research into nonopioid pain management, ethical lapses in corporate marketing, historical stigmas directed against people who use drugs, and failures to deploy evidence-based therapies for opioid addiction and to comprehend the limitations of supply-side regulatory approaches. Restricting opioid prescribing perversely accelerated narco-trafficking of heroin and fentanyl with consequent increases in opioid overdose mortality As injection replaced oral consumption, outbreaks of hepatitis B and C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections have resulted. This viewpoint explores the origins of the crisis and directions needed for effective mitigation.
Genomic prediction for crossbred performance using metafounders1
Authors: van Grevenhof Elizabeth M , Vandenplas Jérémie , Calus Mario P L 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Future genomic evaluation models to be used routinely in breeding programs for pigs and poultry need to be able to optimally use information of crossbred (CB) animals to predict breeding values for CB performance of purebred (PB) selection candidates. Important challenges in the commonly used single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) model are the definition of relationships between the different line compositions and the definition of the base generation per line. The use of metafounders (MFs) in ssGBLUP has been proposed to overcome these issues. When relationships between lines are known to be different from 0, the use of MFs generalizes the concept of genetic groups relying on the genotype data. Our objective was to investigate the effect of using MFs in genomic prediction for CB performance on estimated variance components, and accuracy and bias of GEBV. This was studied using stochastic simulation to generate data representing a three-way crossbreeding scheme in pigs, with the parental lines being either closely related or unrelated. Results show that using MFs, the variance components should be scaled appropriately, especially when basing them on estimates obtained with, for example a pedigree-based model. The accuracies of GEBV that were obtained using MFs were similar to accuracies without using MFs, regardless whether the lines involved in the CB were closely related or unrelated. The use of MFs resulted in a model that had similar or somewhat better convergence properties compared to other models. We recommend the use of MFs in ssGBLUP for genomic evaluations in crossbreeding schemes.
Reassessing two nineteenth-century proto-ethnographic collections in Italian museums
Authors: Taylor Paul Michael , Marino Cesare 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Overshadowed by the immense cultural patrimony of Italy, within its extensive museum systems, many historically significant nineteenth-century Italian ethnographic collections from non-western peoples have remained ‘dormant’ and largely unknown to museum scholars until recently. The world’s first ‘museum of anthropology’ was founded in Florence, in 1869. By then Italian explorers and collectors had already assembled extensive collections that may be considered ‘proto-ethnographic’. This paper reassesses two exemplary proto-ethnographic collections by Giacomo Costantino Beltrami (1779–1855) from the Upper Mississippi region, and by Antonio Spagni (1809–1873) in the Upper Missouri River basin. In recent years, largely outside Italy, new uses for legacy museum collections have arisen. This has in turn had a strong effect on the organizational structures and approaches of Italian museums to their historic ethnographic collections.
Eosinophils Among the Histological Features of Psoriasis
Authors: Penn Lauren , Brinster Nooshin K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:
“Eosinophils are absent in psoriasis” has been dogma for generations; yet, there is little published to support this statement. Two recent studies examining the presence of eosinophils in psoriasis came to contrasting conclusions. We reviewed skin biopsies from 50 patients with clinically confirmed cases of psoriasis vulgaris to characterize the histologic features, with a focus on the number of eosinophils in the dermis. We noted the presence of eosinophils in nearly half of our study population (n = 23, 46.0%). There was no significant association between the presence of eosinophils and degree of spongiosis (P = 0.405). Eosinophil density ranged from 0 to 8 per tissue section. The mean average eosinophil density was 1.04 (range: 0–8) per tissue section. Among cases with eosinophils, there were 73.9% (n = 17/23) of cases with 1–2 eosinophils, and 26.1% (n = 6) with 3–8 eosinophils. Mild to moderate spongiosis was noted in the majority of cases (n = 48; 96.0%). Eosinophils were only present in psoriasis cases with evidence of spongiosis (n = 23; 47.9%). We conclude that eosinophils are not an uncommon finding in the dermis of psoriasis vulgaris, although the number is often few. The presence of eosinophils should not preclude a diagnosis of psoriasis, particularly if other histologic features are supportive.
Pathogenesis of Leprosy: An Insight Into B Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells
Authors: Fabel Agnes , Giovanna Brunasso Alexandra Maria , Schettini Antonio Pedro , Cota Carlo , Puntoni Matteo , Nunzi Enrico , Biondo Giovanni , Cerroni Lorenzo , Massone Cesare 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:
The pathogenesis of leprosy is still not fully understood. Several studies have been performed on the involvement of T cells in leprosy and more recently have focused on genetic factors and innate immune response. There are still only few reports about the role of B cells in active leprosy lesions in different spectral forms of the disease. The literature on tuberculosis suggests that B cells play an important role in the regulation of the granulomas, in cytokine production, T-cell response, and antigen presentation. Only few studies investigated the role of B cell in leprosy. We investigated the distribution of B cells in 85 leprosy biopsies covering all forms of the disease and compared results with 13 biopsies of tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteriosis, expanding the previous experiences. A statistically significant difference in the number of CD20+ (P = 0.014) and CD138+ (P = 0.01) cells between the different forms of leprosy was observed. A remarkable amount of CD138+ cells could also be detected in borderline tuberculoid. The median of the CD20+ cells decreased from the bacilloscopy-negative samples to the bacilloscopy-positive samples by 50% (P = 0.004). Contrarily, the median of CD138+ cells showed an increase from bacilloscopy-negative to bacilloscopy-positive samples of 966.67% (P = 0.001). In our experience, tuberculoid leprosy showed more B cells and less plasma cells than lepromatous leprosy. Our results show that B cells might be implicated in leprosy pathogenesis, not only in the lepromatous pole as previously postulated, but also in tuberculoid granuloma formation and type 1 reactions.
Clinical management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Authors: Kingsberg Sheryl , Faubion Stephanie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Although a woman's healthcare provider has the best opportunity to address hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), most women are reluctant to discuss their loss of sexual desire. The feeling is often mutual, because limited education and misunderstanding persist, leaving few providers feeling competent to assess and treat this condition. The purpose of this Practice Pearl is to improve the clinician's understanding of and confidence in discussing HSDD, including symptoms, etiology, burden, diagnosis, and treatment.
The burden of vulvovaginal atrophy on women's daily living: implications on quality of life from a face-to-face real-life survey
Authors: Nappi Rossella E. , Palacios Santiago , Bruyniks Nico , Particco Martire , Panay Nick 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective:
This subanalysis of the European Vulvovaginal Epidemiology Survey study aimed to assess the correlation of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) symptoms and severity, when confirmed by objective gynecologic examination, with the quality of life of postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Women aged 45 to 75 years with confirmation of last menstrual period more than 12 months before, who attended menopause or gynecology centers, were included. Those women had at least one VVA symptom filled in a group of questionnaires, including EuroQol-EQ-5D-3L and Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA). To confirm the VVA diagnosis, an objective gynecologic examination was also performed.

Results:
Of a total of 2,160 evaluable women, 66.3%, 30.5%, and 11.2% suffered from severe vaginal, vulvar, and urinary symptoms, respectively. VVA was confirmed in more than 90% of the participants. Mean (±SD) EQ-5D-3L score was 0.892 ± 0.144 and mean (±SD) score on the associated visual analog scale was 71.7 ± 16.0. Mean (±SD) DIVA score was 0.922 ± 0.653. For both EQ-5D-3L and DIVA, the overall scores and most of the dimensions/components were statistically significantly worse for women with severe VVA symptoms (vulvar and urinary) compared with women not affected by severe symptoms. Quality of life questionnaires showed worse scores in women where the diagnosis of VVA was confirmed by gynecologic examination.

Conclusions:
Severe VVA symptoms showed a direct association with worse quality of life in postmenopausal women. This important effect on the quality of life of many women should be recognized as equivalent to those from other conditions and pathologies of which there is greater awareness.
Competencies for dermatology nurse practitioners
Authors: Bobonich Margaret , Nolen Mary 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The number of nurse practitioners (NPs) specializing in dermatology has been rapidly rising. Most dermatology NPs acquire their knowledge and skills through post-master's continuing education, select NP fellowship programs, and on-the-job training. However, the professional competencies for dermatology NPs have not been defined or standardized. Competencies require unique knowledge, skills, and judgment for the care of dermatology patients. A national task force and validation panel was convened to define the entry-level competencies for dermatology NP practice.
Different regimens of penicillin antibiotics given to women routinely for preventing infection after cesarean section
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhang Lingli , Zhang Chuan , Chen Min , Zhang Li , Li Jinke , Liu Guanjian 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Varied regimens of penicillin antibiotics were given to women for preventing infection after cesarean section, but there is no study compares the effectiveness and safety of them.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM Database, and contacted experts in the field and searched reference lists of retrieved studies. We included randomized controlled trials comparing different regimens of penicillin antibiotics given to women after cesarean section. Two review authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias, and carried out data extraction.

Results:
A total of 18 randomized controlled trails (involving 3287 pregnant women) were eligible. Compared with after umbilical cord clamping, penicillin antibiotics prophylaxis before skin incision could reduce the risk of endometritis for women undergoing cesarean. Compared with using penicillin antibiotics alone, using antibiotic–inhibitor combination could reduce the risk of endometritis or fever. No statistically significant difference was present between single-dose versus multidose, short term versus long term, intravenous injection versus lavag in the risk of reported outcomes.

Conclusion:
There is insufficient evidence to draw certain conclusions on which regimen of penicillin antibiotics is the best in this review. Further studies should pay attention to the study design, and besides the outcomes of pregnant women, researchers should focus on the outcomes of newborns.
Brief topical sodium nitrite and its impact on the quality of life in patients with sickle leg ulcers
Authors: Connor Joseph L. , Sclafani Joseph A. , Kato Gregory J. , Hsieh Matthew M. , Minniti Caterina P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Cutaneous ulceration from sickle cell disease negatively impacts quality of life. Topical sodium nitrite has previously been shown to reduce the size of sickle leg ulcers. This study examined how topical sodium nitrite impacted the quality of life scores in patients with sickle leg ulcers.
We prospectively collected data in patients enrolled in a leg ulcer study (n = 17) or an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant study (nonulcer group, n = 15). Both groups completed a pretreatment Short Form-36 questionnaire; the ulcer group completed a second questionnaire after 4 weeks of topical sodium nitrite applications. Data were analyzed by age, sex, >50% area improvement postintervention, and sickle-related complications (vaso-occlusive crises, pulmonary hypertension, or avascular necrosis). Physical and mental component summary scores were analyzed with Student t test.
Physical summary scores were lower than mental summary scores in all groups, indicating leg ulcers among other sickle related complications negatively impacted physical quality of life measures. After sodium nitrite use, physical summary scores improved in the leg ulcer group (34.5 ± 9.4 to 39 ± 10.3, P = .03), and mental summary scores improved more in ulcerated patients ≤35 years old (40.7 ± 6.9 to 51.7 ± 9.7, P = .01).
Brief topical sodium nitrite has the potential to improve quality of life, especially in younger individuals. Longer treatment duration and randomized-controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of this topical therapy.
Comprehensive preoperative regime of selective gut decontamination in combination with probiotics, and smectite for reducing endotoxemia and cytokine activation during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Liu Wei-Cheng , Zhan Yan-Ping , Wang Xiu-Hong , Hou Ben-Chao , Huang Jian , Chen Shi-Biao 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Both selective digestive decontamination (SDD) and probiotics have been reported to reduce endotoxemia. However, the available results are conflicting and few studies have investigated the combined effect of SDD and probiotics. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a comprehensive preoperative regimen of SDD in combination with probiotics and smectite on perioperative endotoxemia and cytokine activation in patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a pilot, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Methods:
Patients who underwent elective Aortic Valve Replacement or Mitral Valve Replacement surgery from July 2010 to March 2015 were included. In total, 30 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either the comprehensive preoperative regimen (n = 15) (a combination of preoperative SDD, probiotics, and smectite) or the control group (n = 15) who did not receive this treatment. The levels of endotoxin, IL-6, and procalcitonin were measured at the time before anesthesia induction, immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 24 hours after CPB, and 48 hours after CPB. The primary outcomes were changes in endotoxin, IL-6, and procalcitonin concentrations after CPB.

Results:
The mean levels of change in endotoxin levels after CPB in patients receiving the comprehensive preoperative regimen was marginally significantly lower than those in control group (F = 4.0, P = .0552) but was not significantly different for procalcitonin (F = .14, P = .7134). An interaction between group and time for IL-6 was identified (F = 4.35, P = .0231). The increase in IL-6 concentration immediately after CPB in the comprehensive preoperative group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = .0112). The changes in IL-6 concentration at 24 hours and 48 hours after CPB were not significant between the comprehensive preoperative group and control group.

Conclusion:
The present pilot, prospective, randomized, controlled study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB demonstrated that 3 days of a comprehensive preoperative regime of SDD in combination with probiotics and smectite may reduce the endotoxin and IL-6 levels after CPB compared with the control group.
Comparison of dabigatran and warfarin used in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yu Yi-bo , Liu Jing , Fu Guo-hua , Fang Ren-yuan , Gao Fang , Chu Hui-min 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Dabigatran is a kind of oral anticoagulant and there was little review only about dabigatran and warfarin used in patients with atrial fibrillation. This meta-analysis only assesses the dabigatran and warfarin used in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Design:
Cochrane Library, PubMed, Clinical Trials.gov, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched. The primary endpoint was the incidence of stroke and the second endpoints were the incidence of bleeding and embolic events.

Results:
Six RCTs and 20086 patients were included in our meta-analysis. No significant difference was obtained between 110 mg dabigatran and warfarin on the endpoint of stroke (risk ratio (RR), 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71–1.12; P = .34; I2 = 0%) and embolic events p (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71–1.12; P = .32; I2 = 0%). However, the 110 mg dabigatran associated lower incidence of bleeding (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69–0.95; P = .01; I2 = 0%) compare with warfarin. When compared with 150 mg dabigatran, warfarin associated with lower rate of stroke (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.83–1.12; P = .62; I2 = 0%) and embolic events (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53–0.86; P = .001; I2 = 0%) but similar in the incidence of bleeding (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53–0.86; P = .001; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion:
No significant difference was obtained between 110 mg dabigatran and warfarin in the incidence of stroke and embolic events. However, the 110 mg dabigatran associated lower incidence of bleeding compare with warfarin. When compared with 150 mg dabigatran, warfarin associated with lower incidence of stroke and embolic events but similar in the incidence of bleeding.
Application of shaft method assisted biological mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Weng Hanqin , Ye Liqin , Lu Peilin , Sun Hongwu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
To compare the feasibility and advantage of traditional tiling method and shaft method to place biological mesh following laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia.
Sixty cases from January 2013 to January 2014 treated with laparoscopic inguinal hernia neoplasty with biological patches were included. All the cases were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Observation group was treated with shaft method to place biological mesh, while control group was treated with traditional tiling method. The length of the operation, hospital fees, and rate of occurrence of surgical complications were compared.
All 60 cases were successfully treated with laparoscope inguinal hernia repair. None were converted to open operations. Total operation times for the observation group and control group were 54 ± 4.5 and 71 ± 7.2 minutes, respectively (P < .05). The hospital fees of the observation group and control group were 21,280 ± 365 RenMinBi Yuan (RMB) and 24,280 ± 428 RMB, respectively (P < .05). The rates of occurrence of surgical complications were 3.33% (1/30) and 16.7% (5/30), respectively (P < .05).
The shaft method can be applied in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with biological mesh. Compared with the traditional method, the shaft method has apparent advantages, fewer complications during and after the operation.
Prognostic value of pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase level in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Gan Jianxin , Wang Wenhu , Yang Zengxi , Pan Jiebin , Zheng Liang , Yin Lanning 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Several studies were conducted to investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in pancreatic cancer (PC), but the results were inconsistent. This study aims to comprehensively assess the prognostic value of pretreatment serum LDH level in PC patients by combining the data of the published literatures on this topic.

Methods:
Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were completely retrieved until June, 2018. The observational studies focusing on the prognostic value of pretreatment serum LDH level in PC patients were eligible. STATA version 12.0 was used to undertake the statistical analysis.

Results:
Eighteen studies with a total of 3345 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted to generate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival (OS). Our analysis results suggested that high serum LDH level predicted worse OS (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.30–1.90, P
< .001) in PC patients. Moreover, for patients with advanced PC, the prognostic relevance of pretreatment serum LDH level not only existed in those receiving palliative chemotherapy (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.35–2.18, P
< .001), but also in those who were precluded from chemotherapy (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.4219–2.58, P
< .001).

Conclusion:
The meta-analysis results demonstrated that pretreatment serum LDH level is closely associated with OS, and it may be a useful biomarker for assessing the prognosis of PC patients.
MLL-PTD in a 13-year-old patient with blast phase myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: He Zhipeng , Wang Bixin , Chen Lili , Huang Yiping , Wang Huixian , Yang Mengting , Xiao Xueting , Lu Yanhong , Chen Jiaying , Wu Yong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
The risk of leukemic transformation in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) has been increasing with time. Partial Tandem Duplications of the MLL gene (MLL-PTD) has been reported in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but not in MPN blast phase. The post-MPN AML developed adverse clinical outcomes, which showed no noticeable improvement over the past 15 years. Therefore, the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches of post-MPN AML need to be deeply studied.

Patient concerns:
In this study, we present a JAK2V617F positive MPN patient who experienced fatigue and splenomegaly, transforming into JAK2V617F negative AML.

Diagnoses:
A diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia was made in MPN blast phase.

Interventions:
The patient received chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT).

Outcomes:
The patient achieved complete remission twice, but relapsed twice. Relapse-free survival was only 3 months. She died about 24 months after her diagnosis.

Lessons:

MLL-PTD occurs in the progression of JAK2V617F positive MPN into JAK2V617F negative AML, which may be a novel mechanism of MPN blast phase and helpful for post-MPN AML diagnosis. Allo-SCT may be a good choice for post-MPN AML with MLL-PTD. More therapeutic strategies need to be explored for a better prognosis in these patients.