bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncoupled isotonic regression via minimum Wasserstein deconvolution
Authors: Rigollet Philippe , Weed Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIsotonic regression is a standard problem in shape-constrained estimation where the goal is to estimate an unknown non-decreasing regression function $f$ from independent pairs $(x_i, y_i)$ where ${\mathbb{E}}[y_i]=f(x_i), i=1, \ldots n$. While this problem is well understood both statistically and computationally, much less is known about its uncoupled counterpart, where one is given only the unordered sets $\{x_1, \ldots , x_n\}$ and $\{y_1, \ldots , y_n\}$. In this work, we leverage tools from optimal transport theory to derive minimax rates under weak moments conditions on $y_i$ and to give an efficient algorithm achieving optimal rates. Both upper and lower bounds employ moment-matching arguments that are also pertinent to learning mixtures of distributions and deconvolution.
A mathematical model of viral oncology as an immuno-oncology instigator
Authors: Cassidy Tyler , Humphries Antony R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We develop and analyse a mathematical model of tumour–immune interaction that explicitly incorporates heterogeneity in tumour cell cycle duration by using a distributed delay differential equation. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for local stability of the cancer-free equilibrium in which the amount of tumour–immune interaction completely characterizes disease progression. Consistent with the immunoediting hypothesis, we show that decreasing tumour–immune interaction leads to tumour expansion. Finally, by simulating the mathematical model, we show that the strength of tumour–immune interaction determines the long-term success or failure of viral therapy.
Fast algorithms for Jacobi expansions via nonoscillatory phase functions
Authors: Bremer James , Yang Haizhao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe describe a suite of fast algorithms for evaluating Jacobi polynomials, applying the corresponding discrete Sturm–Liouville eigentransforms and calculating Gauss–Jacobi quadrature rules. Our approach, which applies in the case in which both of the parameters $\alpha $ and $\beta $ in Jacobi’s differential equation are of magnitude less than $1/2$, is based on the well-known fact that in this regime Jacobi’s differential equation admits a nonoscillatory phase function that can be loosely approximated via an affine function over much of its domain. We illustrate this with several numerical experiments, the source code for which is publicly available.
The Anomaly Flow over Riemann Surfaces
Authors: Fei Teng , Huang Zhijie , Picard Sebastien 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe initiate the study of a new nonlinear parabolic equation on a Riemann surface. The evolution equation arises as a reduction of the Anomaly flow on a fibration. We obtain a criterion for long-time existence for this flow, and give a range of initial data where a singularity forms in finite time, as well as a range of initial data where the solution exists for all time. A geometric interpretation of these results is given in terms of the Anomaly flow on a Calabi–Yau three-fold.
Ethnically Biased? Experimental Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Berge Lars Ivar Oppedal , Bjorvatn Kjetil , Galle Simon , Miguel Edward , Posner Daniel N , Tungodden Bertil , Zhang Kelly 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Ethnicity has been shown to shape political, social, and economic behavior in Africa, but the underlying mechanisms remain contested. We utilize lab experiments to isolate one mechanism—an individual's bias in favor of coethnics and against non-coethnics—that has been central in both theory and in the conventional wisdom about the impact of ethnicity. We employ an unusually rich research design involving a large sample of 1300 participants from Nairobi, Kenya; the collection of multiple rounds of experimental data with varying proximity to national elections; within-lab priming conditions; both standard and novel experimental measures of coethnic bias; and an implicit association test (IAT). We find very little evidence of an ethnic bias in the behavioral games, which runs against the common presumption of extensive coethnic bias among ordinary Africans and suggests that mechanisms other than a coethnic bias in preferences must account for the associations we see in the region between ethnicity and political, social, and economic outcomes.
Methionine-Homocysteine Pathway in African-American Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gohlke Jie H , Lloyd Stacy M , Basu Sumanta , Putluri Vasanta , Vareed Shaiju K , Rasaily Uttam , Piyarathna Danthasinghe Waduge Badrajee , Fuentes Hunter , Rajendiran Thekkelnaycke M , Dorsey Tiffany H , Ambati Chandrashekar R , Sonavane Rajni , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Bhowmik Salil Kumar , Kittles Rick , Ambs Stefan , Mims Martha Pritchett , Ittmann Michael , Jones Jeffrey A , Palapattu Ganesh , Putluri Nagireddy , Michailidis George , Sreekumar Arun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
African American (AA) men have a 60% higher incidence and two times greater risk of dying of prostate cancer (PCa) than European American men, yet there is limited insight into the molecular mechanisms driving this difference. To our knowledge, metabolic alterations, a cancer-associated hallmark, have not been reported in AA PCa, despite their importance in tumor biology. Therefore, we measured 190 metabolites across ancestry-verified AA PCa/benign adjacent tissue pairs (n = 33 each) and identified alterations in the methionine-homocysteine pathway utilizing two-sided statistical tests for all comparisons. Consistent with this finding, methionine and homocysteine were elevated in plasma from AA PCa patients using case-control (AA PCa vs AA control, methionine: P = .0007 and homocysteine: P < .0001), biopsy cohorts (AA biopsy positive vs AA biopsy negative, methionine: P = .0002 and homocysteine: P < .0001), and race assignments based on either self-report (AA PCa vs European American PCa, methionine: P = .001, homocysteine: P < .0001) or West African ancestry (upper tertile vs middle tertile, homocysteine: P < .0001; upper tertile vs low tertile, homocysteine: P = .002). These findings demonstrate reprogrammed metabolism in AA PCa patients and provide a potential biological basis for PCa disparities.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Thery Laura , Meddis Alessandra , Cabel Luc , Proudhon Charlotte , Latouche Aurelien , Pierga Jean-Yves , Bidard Francois-Clement 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are particularly rare in non-metastatic breast cancer, and the clinical validity of CTC detection in that clinical setting was initially not well recognized. A cytological CTC detection device (CellSearch) fulfilling the CLIA requirements for analytical validity was subsequently developed and, in 2008, we reported the first study (REMAGUS02) showing that distant metastasis-free survival was shorter in early breast cancer patients with one or more CTCs. In the past 10 years, other clinical studies and meta-analyses have established CTC detection as a level-of-evidence 1 prognostic biomarker for local relapses, distant relapses, and overall survival. This review summarizes available data on CTC detection and the promises of this proliferation- and subtype-independent metastasis-associated biomarker in early breast cancer patients.
Listening, Touching, Meaning: On Translating Musical Experience, Answering the Call of Art, and Aesthetic Subjectivity in Baudelaire and Proust
Authors: Acquisto Joseph 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This essay examines the way Baudelaire and Proust respond to music in terms of trying to account for being ‘touched’ or ‘struck’ by it. I contrast dramatic music, as it figures in Baudelaire’s writing on Wagner, with the newly emergent notion of ‘absolute music’, as it manifests itself in the fictitious chamber music of Vinteuil in Proust’s novel. The essay thereby demonstrates how emptying music of referential meaning allows writers to fill up that blank space with a verbal reply to the call of music, which itself becomes an act of aesthetic creation. Such an approach to listening, which emerged in the nineteenth century, still resonates with contemporary accounts by scholars working between musicology and literary studies, and shapes their account of aesthetic subjectivity.
Signature of the first galaxies in JWST deep field observations
Authors: Jeon Myoungwon , Bromm Volker 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We examine the assembly process and the observability of a first galaxy ($M_{\rm vir}\approx 10^9{\, \rm M_\odot }$ at z ≈ 8) with cosmological zoom-in, hydrodynamic simulations, including the radiative, mechanical, and chemical feedback exerted by the first generations of stars. To assess the detectability of such dwarf systems with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (jwst), we construct the spectral energy distribution for the simulated galaxy in a post-processing fashion. We find that while the non-ionizing UV continuum emitted by the simulated galaxy is expected to be below the jwst detection limit, the galaxy might be detectable using its nebular emission, specifically in the H α recombination line. This requires that the galaxy experiences an active starburst with a star formation rate of $\dot{M}_{\ast }\gtrsim 0.1 {\, \rm M_\odot }\rm{\,yr}^{-1}$ at z ≈ 9. Due to the bursty nature of star formation in the first galaxies, the time interval for strong nebular emission is short, less than 2–3 Myr. The probability of capturing such primordial dwarf galaxies during the observable part of their duty cycle is thus low, resulting in number densities of the order of one source in a single pointing with MIRI onboard the jwst, for very deep exposures. Gravitational lensing, however, will boost their observability beyond this conservative baseline. The first sources of light will thus come firmly within our reach.
Microsurgical Clipping of Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysms: A Systematic Approach to Reducing Ischemic Complications in an Experience with 146 Patients
Authors: Winkler Ethan A , Lu Alex , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Rutledge W Caleb , Yue John K , Birk Harjus S , Alotaibi Naif , Choudhri Omar , Lawton Michael T 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Aneurysms of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) have been associated with high treatment-associated morbidity due to ischemic complications.

OBJECTIVE
To report a large clinical experience of microsurgically treated AChA aneurysms and describe a systematic approach to reduce ischemic complications.

METHODS
One hundred forty-six patients with AChA aneurysms were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Clinical characteristics, surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, arterial infarction, and use of intraoperative adjuncts (ie, ultrasonography, indocyanine green videoangiography, and neuromonitoring) were analyzed.

RESULTS
In total, one hundred forty-three aneurysms (97.9%) were clipped. Temporary clipping was utilized in 47 cases (32.2%) with mean occlusion time of 5.6 min. Arterial infarction occurred in 12 patients (8.2%). In clipped aneurysms, 90.5% were completely obliterated, 8.8% had minimal residual (<5% of original), and 0.7% were incompletely occluded (>5% of original). Mortality (2.7%) was limited to patients with high-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Indocyanine green videoangiography and neuromonitoring altered operative technique in ∼20% of cases. Multivariate logistic regression identified intraoperative rupture as the sole predictor for arterial infarction.

CONCLUSION
Open microsurgical clipping remains a safe, effective treatment for AChA aneurysms. Microsurgical technique is paramount in preserving AChA patency and reducing ischemic complications. Despite increasing reliance on qualitative measures of AChA blood flow (videoangiography and ultrasonography) and neurophysiological monitoring, these technologies aid us infrequently. However, these adjuncts provide important safety checks for AChA patency. Temporary clipping must be used judiciously to lower the risk of intraoperative rupture while limiting possible ischemia in the AChA territory.
A Modern Pain Neuroscience Approach in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Goudman Lisa , Huysmans Eva , Ickmans Kelly , Nijs Jo , Moens Maarten , Putman Koen , Buyl Ronald , Louw Adriaan , Logghe Tine , Coppieters Iris 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Around 20% of patients undergoing surgery for lumbar radiculopathy develop chronic pain after surgery, leading to high socioeconomic burden. Current perioperative interventions, including education and rehabilitation, are not always effective in preventing prolonged or chronic postoperative pain and disability. Here, a shift in educational intervention from a biomedical towards a biopsychosocial approach for people scheduled for lumbar surgery is proposed. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) is a biopsychosocial approach that aims to decrease the threat value of pain by reconceptualizing pain and increasing the patient's knowledge about pain. This paper provides a clinical perspective for the provision of perioperative PNE, specifically developed for patients undergoing surgery for lumbar radiculopathy. Besides the general goals of PNE, perioperative PNE aims to prepare the patient for postsurgical pain and how to cope with it.
Does Frequency Modulation of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Affect Habituation and Mechanical Hypoalgesia? A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Avendaño-Coy Juan , Bravo-Esteban Elisabeth , Ferri-Morales Asunción , Martínez-de la Cruz Rubén , Gómez-Soriano Julio 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Devices for applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) use numerous frequency modulation patterns for decreasing habituation to currents. However, there is no evidence supporting the use of an optimal pattern instead of the others, or even modulated frequencies instead of a fixed frequency.

Objective
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of 3 TENS patterns (fixed frequency, random modulation, and 6-second–6-second [6s-6s] modulation) on habituation, to examine the subjective perception of habituation and comfort, and to determine their effects on the mechanical pain threshold (MPT).

Design
This study was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover trial.

Setting
The study took place in a university research laboratory under attenuated noise conditions at a regulated temperature of 22°C to 26°C.

Participants
Thirty-nine volunteers who were healthy participated in this trial.

Intervention
The participants received 4 different TENS interventions (fixed frequency, random modulation, 6s-6s modulation, and sham) in random order, with a 24-hour washout period, on the radial nerve.

Measurements
The main outcome—habituation—was quantified by the increase in current density and the number of times the intensity had to be increased during the session. Secondary outcome variables were subjective perception of habituation and comfort and MPT.

Results
Random modulation reduced the number of times the intensity had to be increased because of habituation compared with no modulation (1.6 times; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7–2.6) and 6s-6s modulation (0.8 times; 95% CI = 0.01–1.6). No differences were observed between interventions in terms of an increase in current density, self-perceived habituation, or self-perceived comfort. MPT increased during the intervention in the random-modulation group (4.4 N; 95% CI = 1.8–7.0) and the no-modulation group (5.9 N; 95% CI = 1.9–10.0); there were no significant changes in the other 2 groups.

Limitations
The success of masking or blinding procedures of the participants was not assessed.

Conclusions
Randomly modulated frequencies caused less habituation than nonmodulated frequencies or 6s-6s modulation. Further research on more prolonged (hours-long) interventions in participants with pain is required.
Immune Activation and Microbial Translocation Markers in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Malawian Infants in the First Year of Life
Authors: Baroncelli Silvia , Galluzzo Clementina Maria , Liotta Giuseppe , Andreotti Mauro , Mancinelli Sandro , Mphwere Robert , Bokola Enok , Amici Roberta , Marazzi Maria Cristina , Palombi Leonardo , Palmisano Lucia , Giuliano Marina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundHIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants show a high rate of morbidity. We aimed to investigate on biomarkers of immune activation/microbial translocation in HEU infants, evaluating the impact that infections/malnutrition can have on biomarker levels during the first year of life.MethodsClinical data of 72 Malawian infants were recorded monthly and correlated with levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), analyzed longitudinally.ResultsLevels of sCD14 and LBP showed a significant age-related increase. Higher levels of LBP (19.4 vs. 15.2 μg/ml) were associated with stunting, affecting 30% of the infants. The association remained statistically significant after adjusting for cytomegalovirus acquisition, malaria and respiratory infections (p = 0.031). I-FABP levels were significantly increased in infants experiencing gastrointestinal infections (1442.8 vs. 860.0 pg/ml, p = 0.018).ConclusionWe provide evidence that stunting is associated with an enhanced inflammatory response to microbial products in HEU children, suggesting that malnutrition status should be taken into consideration to better understand the alteration of the immune profile of HEU infants living in poor socioeconomic settings.
Aboave-Weaire’s law in epithelia results from an angle constraint in contiguous polygonal lattices
Authors: Vetter Roman , Kokic Marco , Gómez Harold , Hodel Leonie , Gjeta Bruno , Iannini Antonella , Villa-Fombuena Gema , Casares Fernando , Iber Dagmar 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIt has long been noted that the cell arrangements in epithelia, regardless of their origin, exhibit some striking regularities: first, the average number of cell neighbours at the apical side is (close to) six. Second, the average apical cell area is linearly related to the number of neighbours, such that cells with larger apical area have on average more neighbours, a relation termed Lewis’ law. Third, Aboav-Weaire’s (AW) law relates the number of neighbours that a cell has to that of its direct neighbours. While the first rule can be explained with topological constraints in contiguous polygonal lattices, and the second rule (Lewis’ law) with the minimisation of the lateral contact surface energy, the driving forces behind the AW law have remained elusive. We now show that also the AW law emerges to minimise the lateral contact surface energy in polygonal lattices by driving cells to the most regular polygonal shape, but while Lewis’ law regulates the side lengths, the AW law controls the angles. We conclude that global apical epithelial organization is the result of energy minimisation under topological constraints.
A new high accuracy cubic spline method based on half-step discretization for the system of 1D non-linear wave equations
Authors: Mohanty Ranjan Kumar , Khurana Gunjan 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a new 3-level implicit numerical method of order 2 in time and 4 in space based on half-step cubic polynomial approximations for the solution of 1D quasi-linear hyperbolic partial differential equations. The method is derived directly from the consistency condition of spline function which is fourth-order accurate. The method is directly applied to hyperbolic equations, irrespective of coordinate system, and fourth-order nonlinear hyperbolic equation, which is main advantage of the work.Design/methodology/approachIn this method, three grid points for the unknown function w(x,t) and two half-step points for the known variablexin spatial direction are used. The methodology followed in this paper is construction of a cubic spline polynomial and using its continuity properties to obtain fourth-order consistency condition. The proposed method, when applied to a linear equation is shown to be unconditionally stable. The technique is extended to solve system of quasi-linear hyperbolic equations. To assess the validity and accuracy, the method is applied to solve several benchmark problems, and numerical results are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the method.FindingsThe paper provides a fourth-order numerical scheme obtained directly from fourth-order consistency condition. In earlier methods, consistency conditions were only second-order accurate. This brings an edge over other past methods. In addition, the method is directly applicable to physical problems involving singular coefficients. Therefore, no modification in the method is required at singular points. This saves CPU time, as well as computational costs.Research limitations/implicationsThere are no limitations. Obtaining a fourth-order method directly from consistency condition is a new work. In addition, being an implicit method, this method is unconditionally stable for a linear test equation.Practical implicationsPhysical problems with singular and nonsingular coefficients are directly solved by this method.Originality/valueThe paper develops a new fourth-order implicit method which is original and has substantial value because many benchmark problems of physical significance are solved in this method.
Who’s pulling the strings?
Authors: Weiger Welf H. , Wetzel Hauke A. , Hammerschmidt Maik 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Firms increasingly rely on content marketing to trigger user engagement in social media brand communities. The purpose of this paper is to examine how three generic types of marketer-generated content (affiliative, injunctive and utilitarian content) drive user engagement by considering distinct motivational paths and the role of users’ preference for intimate (vs broad) social networks.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conduct a field survey and a scenario experiment among social media users across different brands from three different product categories. They examine the impact of marketer-generated content on user engagement while considering the moderating role of network intimacy (i.e. the mutual confiding within a user’s social network in terms of small social circles) and the mediating role of user motivations (i.e. autonomous vs controlled motivation for community membership).

Findings
The findings show that affiliative content (i.e. content that highlights shared values) drives user engagement through autonomous motivation, and utilitarian content (i.e. content that highlights tangible benefits) drives user engagement through controlled motivation. Notably, injunctive content (i.e. content that demands specific user behavior) is not a promising instrument to increase user engagement in social media brand communities when not targeted correctly.

Research limitations/implications
The authors link three generic content types derived from literature on communal systems to user engagement, demonstrate the motivational underpinnings of their translation into engagement behavior and show that network intimacy can explain why the same content type can impact user engagement through two motivational paths.

Practical implications
The authors present three types of content that marketers can craft to trigger users to engage with a brand’s social media community and show when this content is most effective and why. By examining the moderating role of network intimacy, this research aims at providing targeting implications to social media marketers.

Originality/value
This research provides new insights on the effectiveness of marketer-generated content. The authors reveal two motivational paths that compete in explaining the overall effectiveness of different types of marketer-generated content to fuel user engagement. The authors further demonstrate that these relationships depend on the intimacy of a user’s circle of online friends.