bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Portrait of Pacing Profile of Cross-Country Skiers in the Vasaloppet 2004–2017
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis , Villiger Elias , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the effect of performance group by race time (10 groups;<3 h, 3–4 h, and so on up to>12 h) on pacing in women (n=19,465) and men (n=164,454) finishers in the ‘Vasaloppet’ cross-country (XC) skiing race from 2004 to 2017. The speed in the fastest and slowest split was analysed as a percentage of the mean race speed and pacing was defined as the difference (%) between the fastest and slowest split. Women had a larger pace range than men (44.0±10.6% versus 41.1±12.5%, respectively, p<0.001, d=0.25). An almost perfect relationship between performance group and pacing was observed in women (r=0.900, p<0.001) and men (r=0.908, p<0.001). A large main effect of performance on pacing was observed in women (p<0.001, η2=0.292), where the smaller range was in the<4 h group (22.8±3.3%) and the largest in the 10–11 h group (49.2±9.9%). In men, the corresponding values were 21.6±2.2% (<3 h group) and 51.6±11.2% (10–11 h group; p<0.001, η2=0.474). Based on these findings, it was concluded that fast XC skiers had relatively the most even pacing and pacing became less even with decreasing performance. This information is of practical value for coaches working with XC skiers to develop optimal sex- and performance-tailored pacing strategies.
Acute Portomesenteric Venous Thrombosis: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Allison Stephen , Shin David , Johnson Guy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcute portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PMVT) is an unusual cause of acute mesenteric ischemia. Because of its rarity and nonspecific presentation, radiologic imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of acute PMVT. Medical management with anticoagulation is the mainstay of therapy, with surgery reserved for patients suspected of having peritonitis or bowel infarction. However, endovascular therapy has an evolving role and may serve as an important adjunct to anticoagulation in selected patients with acute PMVT.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pseudocyst Complicating Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: Report of Four Cases
Authors: Pan Pradyumna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abdominal pseudocyst (APC) is an uncommon complication following ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt.
Aim To study the clinical features and management of this entity. The authors present their experience with cases of CSF pseudocyst in children.
Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of four cases diagnosed to have APC following VP shunt between 2005 and 2015.
Results Clinical presentation was with progressive abdominal distension, highlights of intestinal obstruction, and signs of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Diagnosis is readily made with ultrasonography and computed tomographic (CT) scan of the abdomen. The duration between insertion of the shunt and the presentation ranged from 4.11 to 12 years. In three patients, the cyst was unilocular and of varying size. The fourth one had a multilocular cyst. In three patients, the treatment involved was surgical removal of the catheter with excision of the pseudocyst wall and placement of a new catheter intraperitoneally in a different quadrant. Ultrasound-guided aspiration of the cyst and relocation of the distal end was done in one patient.
Conclusion Initial suspicion with appropriate investigation and early treatment can avert morbidity and mortality.
Konservative Therapie von Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Badke Andreas 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Erfolg einer konservativen Therapie bei Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule hängt entscheidend davon ab, dass die Verletzung korrekt diagnostiziert und klassifiziert wird. Die Stabilität muss bildgebend dokumentiert werden. Im Verlauf der Behandlung sind in Abhängigkeit vom Verletzungstyp regelmäßige klinische und ggf. auch radiologische Kontrollen notwendig. Wenn eine begleitende Physiotherapie verordnet wird, sollten die Inhalte dieser Therapie eindeutig festgelegt werden.
Do low L2 abilities impede healthy aging for migrant older adults in the Netherlands?
Authors: Pot Anna , Keijzer Merel , de Bot Kees 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Research towards aging of migrant populations has so far mostly focused on (bio)medical and psychological aspects. Here we explore
to what extent second language ability is a factor influencing the healthy aging process of older Turkish migrants in the
Netherlands. To get a first understanding of the linguistic situation of older migrants within this setting, interviews with ten
healthcare consultants1 with insight into their local Turkish community were conducted,
forming a ‘needs-analysis’ of this group. It emerged that older migrants rely heavily on their ethnically close-knit networks for
information and care. In communicating their healthcare needs to others outside the family, the older migrants experience language
barriers, directly resulting from low L2 proficiency and L2 anxiety. These barriers prevent access to health information and
induce dependence. This initial exploration of the interplay between language and aging in a migrant population can be used as
input into more advanced, empirical investigations.
Negotiating interpersonal meanings
Authors: Quiroz Beatriz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore reasoning in SFL lexicogrammatical descriptions by focusing on interpersonal clause types organised in the system of mood. To begin, system-structure relations embodied by the theoretical dimension of axis are introduced in relation to the description of imperative, declarative and interrogative clauses in English. The paper then moves to a three-fold perspective on mood distinctions, captured in SFL by the ‘trinocular principle’: interpersonal clause types are first looked at in terms of their contribution to the dialogic negotiation ‘from above’; they are then approached in terms of the paradigmatic environment they define ‘from around’ in close relation to the structural patterns motivating paradigmatic choices ‘from below’. English mood is reconsidered along these lines, and then a different language is used as an illustrative example for the reasoning explored: Spanish. Finally, the paper addresses the implications of the exploration proposed for the description of interpersonal lexicogrammar in Spanish and, more generally, for SFL descriptive work across languages.
Sister, shall I tell you?
Authors: Rose David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper analyses a set of exchanges between members of Australia’s Indigenous Western Desert culture, in the Pitjantjatjara dialect of the Western Desert language. The analyses are designed to illustrate how social relations in the culture are enacted with resources for interpersonal meaning in the language. The paper begins with a brief overview of social and linguistic theory underpinning the analyses. This is followed by a survey of Pitjantjatjara language resources for structuring exchanges, and for realising exchange moves in the grammar of clauses and the tones on which they are spoken. An overview of the Western Desert kinship system is then followed by analyses of five extended exchanges, that show how these resources are deployed to enact various types of kin relations. They illustrate some of the elaborate ways that Western Desert speakers negotiate their relationships and social goals, within the framework of their community’s kinship traditions.
Interpersonal grammar of Tagalog
Authors: Martin J. R. , Cruz Priscilla 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper the interpersonal grammar of Tagalog is explored from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Following a brief metafunctional profile of Tagalog grammar, a framework for interpreting the discourse function of Tagalog clauses is introduced – exchange structure. Subsequently the systems ofmood, polarity, modality, tagging, vocation, commentandengagementare considered, alongside their realisation in tone, clause structure and lexical selection. The role played by these interpersonal systems and structure is then illustrated through a brief sample of Tagalog discourse. The paper demonstrates the manner in which a paradigmatic perspective can be used to integrate the description of grammatical resources typically fragmented and marginalised in syntagmatically organised descriptions.
Interpersonal meaning
Authors: Martin J. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This introduction comprises four main sections. Section 1 introduces the overall theoretical architecture of Systemic Functional Linguistics (hereafter SFL) by way of contextualising the focus on interpersonal grammar in this special issue. Section 2 looks in more detail at the interpersonal discourse semantics underlying this work, briefly introducing the systems of negotiation and appraisal realised through interpersonal grammar. Section 3 turns to the concept of grammatical metaphor, a concept which bears critically on the realisation relationship between interpersonal discourse semantics and lexicogrammar in SFL. Section 4 comments on the challenge of intradisciplinary dialogue.
The morphology of Chinese disyllabic verbs
Authors: Yong Robson Shin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith a close examination of the characteristics of Chinese monosyllables, i.e., the base morphemes that form the disyllabic verbs, this article discusses the morphological traits these characteristics bring to disyllabic compound verbs. The two distinctive characteristics of the Chinese monosyllables, namely, being morphologically independent and highly polysemous, give rise to unusual phenomena in disyllabic verbs, most representatively the headedness of coordinative compound verbs. The Chinese language not only has various possible forms of headedness, but also allows the same compound verbs to be both endocentric and exocentric.
论福州方言的粘附成分与粘附组
Authors: You Shuxiang 
Published: August 2018

抽象本文在韵律音系学理论框架下对福州方言的粘附成分与粘附组进行分析。在前人针对不同语言的粘附成分与粘附组所做探讨的基础上，本文从构词句法功能与音系表现两个方面，对福州方言的相关材料进行了全面分析，揭示了福州方言粘附成分与其他语言粘附成分在构词句法与音系上的共同特征。福州方言的两类粘附组在音系表现上存在不对称的现象，然而，与其他韵律单位相比，福州方言粘附组作为一个整体仍然具有十分特殊的音系表现，这为福州方言中粘附组这一韵律单位的设立提供了动因与证据。此外，福州方言的粘附成分可以选择韵律层级中位置高于韵律词的韵律单位作为宿主，这对韵律音系学理论中的严格分层假设构成了巨大的挑战。这一挑战利用弱化的严格分层假设即可得到合理的解释，而无需将粘附组这一韵律单位排除在韵律层级之外。
Justification and knowledge
Authors: Molaei Hamideh 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Everyday political talk, a significant type of political participation, is an important democratic activity. In this regard, the primary objective of this paper is to investigate the level of justification and knowledge in Indonesians’ informal political talk on Facebook. While previous studies addressed different aspects of informal political discussions such as their impact on political knowledge, influence on public opinion expression and relationship with news media use, they do not provide guidelines for analysing the modality of them. This study proposes an analytical framework for examining the users’ level of justification and knowledge. A qualitative content analysis reveals that only a small number of comments had a high level of justification and knowledge. In addition, some indications of the influence of Indonesian mainstream news media content were found on people’s arguments in discussions.
Creativity and playability in the localisation of video games
Authors: Bernal-Merino Miguel Á. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCreativity is one of the most highly debated topics in translation not only because of how it relates to authorship but also because of the unavoidable cultural ramifications and the business implications for all the parties involved. Identifying the parameters within which creative translation operates in entertainment media requires a complex process that comprises a large amount of variables beyond the linguistic ones. Semiotics is suggested as a robust analytical tool to study the layering of meaning-making in entertainment products, in other words, their polysemioticity. Multimedia interactive entertainment software (MIES), a. k. a. video games, adds levels of complexity never seen before in translation due to their functional requirements. In order to identify the features that separate other entertainment products from MIES, this article analyses also the translation of novels, comics and films. The concept of playability is utilised as a way of isolating the pragmatic challenges of video game localisation.
The influence of phoneme inventory on elicited speech errors in Arabic speakers of English
Authors: Aljasser Faisal M. , Jackson Keonya T. , Vitevitch Michael S. , Sereno Joan A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that nonnative phonemic contrasts pose perceptual difficulties for L2 learners, but less is known about how these contrasts affect speech production in L2 learners. In the present study, we elicited speech errors in a tongue twister task investigating L1 Arabic speakers producing L2 English words. Two sets of word productions were contrasted: words with phonemic contrasts existing in both L1 Arabic and L2 English (e.g.tipvsdip, singvszing) or words with phonemic contrasts existing in English alone (pitvsbit, fatvsvat). Results showed that phonemic contrasts that do not exist in Arabic induced significantly more speech errors in L2 Arabic speakers of English compared to native English speakers than did phonemic contrasts found in both languages. Implications of these findings for representations in L2 learners are discussed.
Patterns of construction in spoken French
Authors: Morof Julia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper aims at discussing the relationships of turn construction, interactional units and projectability with especial regard to projections triggered by TCU-initially placed items, for instance discourse markers. Supported by data taken from contemporary spoken French, the main purpose of this piece is to theorize and describe these patterns of projection and to elicit from them constructional convergences. The theoretical statement is complemented by the exemplary analysis of a French talk-show conversation in which the turn-initially placed items feature prominently in the interlocutors’ discussion. This can be demonstrated through the study of certain linguistic mechanisms of coherence on different hierarchical levels. Special focus is placed on the implicit argumentative relations that the analyzed projection patterns establish.
Against the (GM) grain: ethical tensions and agrobiotechnology activism in the USA.
Authors: Jones B. M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines the history of public discourse and anti-biotechnology political activism in the USA. It presents two case studies of public dissent in the USA: Occupy The Farm and March Against Monsanto. The case studies show that the early framing of GM foods in terms of harm and risk failed to address deep-seated and persistent concerns about agricultural biotechnology. Simply stated, by attempting to maintain a narrow discourse on health and safety, developers of agricultural biotechnology failed to recognize and appreciate the numerous ethical tensions that agricultural biotechnology created. This provided space for opponents of biotechnology to wage their war in the public arena.
Technological pragmatism: navigating the ethical tensions created by agricultural biotechnology.
Authors: Scott D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter provides a path through the thicket of ethical tensions created by innovations in agricultural biotechnology. It first explains the notion of a technological fix and technological fix criticisms, and then clarifies and evaluates two opposing philosophies of technology which can be labelled as technological optimism and technological pessimism, respectively. Following that discussion, the chapter argues for a technological pragmatism that provides for a more discriminating approach to the tensions created by innovations in agricultural biotechnology. The final section illustrates how the conceptual tools provided by technological pragmatism's critique of technological fixes might be used to guide more ethically conscious research into genetically engineered crops and animals.
New technology, cognitive bias and ethical tensions in entrepreneurial commercialization: the case of CRISPR.
Authors: Ng D. , James H. S., Jr. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter re-examines James et al.'s (International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing (2016) 8, 170-195) concepts of complexity and novelty and their associated cognitive biases within the context of the commercialization of the CRISPR genome-editing technology. It highlights propositions to explain an entrepreneur's ethics in complex and novel decision settings and then uses those insights to comment on the ethical tensions and challenges associated with the commercialization of the CRISPR technology.
Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates endothelial cell aging via inhibition of STAT3 signalling
Authors: Hofmann Patrick , Sommer Janina , Theodorou Kosta , Kirchhof Luisa , Fischer Ariane , Li Yuhuang , Perisic Ljubica , Hedin Ulf , Maegdefessel Lars , Dimmeler Stefanie , Boon Reinier A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Aims
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate numerous processes in the human genome, but the function of these transcripts in vascular aging is largely unknown. We aim to characterize the expression of lncRNAs in endothelial aging and analyse the function of the highly conserved lncRNA H19.

Methods and results
H19 was downregulated in endothelium of aged mice. In human, atherosclerotic plaques H19 was mainly expressed by endothelial cells and H19 was significantly reduced in comparison to healthy carotid artery biopsies. Loss of H19 led to an upregulation of p16 and p21, reduced proliferation and increased senescence in vitro. Depletion of H19 in aortic rings of young mice inhibited sprouting capacity. We generated endothelial-specific inducible H19 deficient mice (H19iEC-KO), resulting in increased systolic blood pressure compared with control littermates (Ctrl). These H19iEC-KO and Ctrl mice were subjected to hindlimb ischaemia, which showed reduced capillary density in H19iEC-KO mice. Mechanistically, exon array analysis revealed an involvement of H19 in IL-6 signalling. Accordingly, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 were upregulated upon H19 depletion. A luciferase reporter screen for differential transcription factor activity revealed STAT3 as being induced upon H19 depletion and repressed after H19 overexpression. Furthermore, depletion of H19 increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 at TYR705 and pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 activation abolished the effects of H19 silencing on p21 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression as well as proliferation.

Conclusion
These data reveal a pivotal role for the lncRNA H19 in controlling endothelial cell aging.
Monitoring changes in the Gene Ontology and their impact on genomic data analysis
Authors: Jacobson Matthew , Sedeño-Cortés Adriana Estela , Pavlidis Paul 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The Gene Ontology (GO) is one of the most widely used resources in molecular and cellular biology, largely through the use of “enrichment analysis.” To facilitate informed use of GO, we present GOtrack (https://gotrack.msl.ubc.ca), which provides access to historical records and trends in the GO and GO annotations.

Findings
GOtrack gives users access to gene- and term-level information on annotations for nine model organisms as well as an interactive tool that measures the stability of enrichment results over time for user-provided “hit lists” of genes. To document the effects of GO evolution on enrichment, we analyzed more than 2,500 published hit lists of human genes (most older than 9 years ); 53% of hit lists were considered to yield significantly stable enrichment results.

Conclusions
Because stability is far from assured for any individual hit list, GOtrack can lead to more informed and cautious application of GO to genomics research.
Performance of creatinine-based equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate changes over time
Authors: van Rijn Marieke H C , Metzger Marie , Flamant Martin , Houillier Pascal , Haymann Jean-Philippe , van den Brand Jan A J G , Froissart Marc , Stengel Benedicte 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is commonly used to monitor chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, but its validity for evaluating kidney function changes over time has not been comprehensively evaluated. We assessed the performance of creatinine-based equations for estimating GFR slope according to patient characteristics and specific CKD diagnosis.

Methods
In the NephroTest cohort study, we measured GFR 5324 times by chromium 51–labeled ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid renal clearance in 1955 adult patients with CKD Stages 1–4 referred to nephrologists (Stages 1–2, 19%) and simultaneously estimated GFR with both the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations for isotope dilution mass spectrometry traceable creatinine; absolute and relative GFR slopes were calculated using a linear mixed model.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 3.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 2.0–5.6] years, the decline in mean absolute and relative measured GFR (mGFR) and CKD-EPI and MDRD estimated GFR (eGFR) was 1.6 ± 1.2, 1.5 ± 1.4 and 1.3 ± 1.3 mL/min/1.73 m2/year and 5.9 ± 5.3, 5.3 ± 5.3 and 4.8 ± 5.2%/year, respectively; 52% and 55% of the patients had MDRD and CKD-EPI eGFR slopes within 30% of mGFR slopes. Both equations tended to overestimate the GFR slope in the youngest patients and underestimate it in the oldest, thus producing inverse associations between age and mGFR versus eGFR slope. Other patient characteristics and specific CKD diagnoses had little effect on the performance of the equations in estimating associations.

Conclusions
This study shows little bias, but poor precision in GFR slope estimation for both MDRD and CKD-EPI equations. Importantly, bias strongly varied with age, possibly due to variations in muscle mass over time, with implications for clinical care and research.
The Political Strategies and Unity of the American Corporate Inner Circle: Evidence from Political Donations, 1982–2000
Authors: Heerwig Jennifer A , Murray Joshua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent work has offered competing explanations for the long-term evolution of corporate political action in the United States. In one, scholars have theorized that long-term structural changes in the American political and economic landscape may have radically transformed inter-corporate network structures and changed the political orientation of corporate elites. In another, a small group of corporate elites continues to dominate government policy by advocating for class-wide interests through occupying key positions in government and policy planning groups. We offer new evidence of patterns in and predictors of political strategies among the nation’s elite corporate directors. We utilize an original dataset (the Longitudinal Elite Contributor Database) linked with registries of corporate directors and their board memberships. We ask: (1) has the political activity, unity, or pragmatism of the corporate elite declined since 1982; and (2) are individuals who direct multiple firms more pragmatic in their political action? Evidence suggests that corporate elites are more politically active and unified, and continue to exercise pragmatic political strategies vis-à-vis their campaign donations. Using random- and fixed-effects models, we present evidence to suggest that becoming a member of the inner circle has a significant moderating effect on elite political behavior. We offer an alternative mechanism of elite coordination that may help explain the continued political cohesion of the corporate elite.