bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brazil-Israel Relations and the Marketing of Urban Security Expertise
Authors: Grassiani Erella , Müller Frank 
Published: February 2019

The transnational (re)making of contemporary urban pacification practices, discourses, and technologies between Brazil and Israel is underpinned by coercive entanglements. The Israeli experience with the occupation of the Palestinian territories has brought the Israel Defense Forces and the country’s private security industry international recognition for their urban warfare skills and related security technologies; Brazil has recently gained international recognition for urban pacification efforts that emphasize the country’s military’s ability to combine “hard” and “soft” skills, thereby foregrounding the nexus of military and humanitarian forms of engagement on urban battlefields. Empirical findings framed by critical scholarship on pacification demonstrate how recent shifts in the military and diplomatic relations between the two countries seek to symbolically capitalize on their own and each other’s urban warfare experiences to promote themselves as security experts capable of addressing a range of future urban threat scenarios—from urban warfare to antigang and antiriot policing and peacekeeping. A reorganização transnacional das práticas, discursos e tecnologias de urbanização contemporânea entre Brasil e Israel são movidas por envolvimento coercitivo. A experiência israelense de ocupação dos territórios palestinos trouxe prestígio internacional às Forças de Defesa Israelense, bem como à indústria de segurança particular do país, em virtude de tecnologia de combate urbano. Brasil recentemente alcançou reconhecimento internacional pelos esforços de pacificação urbana, que enfatizam a habilidade das forças armadas do país em combinar “soft and hard skills”, criando assim um nexo de interação militar e humanitário no campo de batalha urbano. Observações produzidas em moldura crítica acadêmica sobre pacificação demonstram de que modo mudanças recentes nas relações diplomática e militar dos dois países visam capitalizar simbolicamente as experiências respectivas para promoverem a si mesmos como especialistas em segurança capazes de tratar uma variedade de cenários urbanos de risco—desde a guerra urbana contra gangs até o policiamento de manifestações.
A dramatic learning curve of extracardiac Fontan operation in the modern era
Authors: Korun Oktay , Çiçek Murat , Yurdakök Okan , Hekim Yılmaz Emine , Çelebi Ahmet , Yurtseven Nurgül , Şaşmazel Ahmet , Ali Aydemir Numan 
Published: February 2019

Background This study aimed to describe the learning curve of the extracardiac Fontan procedure in a single center and to analyze the changes in clinical applications and outcomes. Methods A retrospective chart review of all extracardiac Fontan patients in a single tertiary care center was undertaken. Patients with a diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and those who had undergone a lateral tunnel modification, intra/extracardiac Fontan, Kawashima procedure, or inferior vena cava-to-azygous vein connection were excluded from the analysis. Results Between May 2004 and February 2018, data of 159 extracardiac Fontan patients were analyzed. The median age was 5.5 years (range 4.5–8.2 years). Based on a cumulative sum analysis, a hinge point was determined to divide the cohort into 2 phases. Phase 1 ( n = 70) represented the first learning phase and phase 2 ( n = 89) represented the later phase. Mortality decreased in phase 2 (2/89; 2%) compared to phase 1 (10/70; 14%; p = 0.004). Two (3%) patients had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in phase 1, and 5 (6%) in phase 2 ( p = 0.47). More patients in phase 2 underwent a prior bidirectional Glenn procedure (83/89 vs. 57/70; p = 0.02), fenestration (80/89 vs. 9/70; p < 0.001), and pulmonary artery reconstruction (37/89 vs. 2/70; p < 001). Conclusions This study shows that increased use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, strict implementation of the three-stage management plan, routine fenestration, and a low threshold for pulmonary artery reconstruction may be associated with decreased mortality in the extracardiac Fontan procedure.
Investigation of medical effect of multiple ketamine infusions on patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhou Yan-Ling , Liu Wei-Jian , Wang Cheng-Yu , Zhan Yan-Ni , Li Han-Qiu , Chen Li-Jian , Li Ming D , Ning Yu-Ping 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Single-dose intravenous ketamine has rapid but time-limited antidepressant effects. We aimed to examine the sustained effects of six consecutive ketamine infusions in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder. Methods: Seventy-seven patients with major depressive disorder were eligible to receive augmentation with six ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg over 40 min) administered over the course of 12 days (Monday–Wednesday–Friday). The coprimary outcome measures were the rates of response and remission as measured on the 10-item Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Psychotomimetic and dissociative symptoms were measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-positive symptoms and the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale, respectively. Results: After the first ketamine infusion, only 10 (13.0%) and 6 (7.8%) patients responded and remitted, respectively; after six ketamine infusions, 52 (67.5%) patients responded and 37 (48.1%) remitted. There was a significant mean decrease in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score at four hours after the first ketamine infusion (7.0±7.5, p<0.001), and this decrease was maintained for the duration of the infusion period. The response to ketamine treatment was positively associated with no history of psychiatric hospitalization (odds ratio=3.56, p=0.009). Suicidal ideation rapidly decreased across the entire study sample, even among the nonresponder group. No significant differences were found regarding Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale scores from the first infusion at baseline to four hours post-infusion. Conclusion: Six ketamine infusions increased rates of response and remission when compared to a single-dose ketamine infusion in patients with major depressive disorder. Future controlled studies are warranted to confirm and expand these findings.
Vagus nerve stimulation for primary headache disorders: An anatomical review to explain a clinical phenomenon
Authors: Henssen Dylan Jozef Hendrik Augustinus , Derks Berend , van Doorn Mats , Verhoogt Niels , Van Cappellen van Walsum Anne-Marie , Staats Peter , Vissers Kris 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundNon-invasive stimulation of the vagus nerve has been proposed as a new neuromodulation therapy to treat primary headache disorders, as the vagus nerve is hypothesized to modulate the headache pain pathways in the brain. Vagus nerve stimulation can be performed by placing an electrode on the ear to stimulate the tragus nerve, which contains about 1% of the vagus fibers. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) conventionally refers to stimulation of the cervical branch of the vagus nerve, which is made up entirely of vagal nerve fibers. While used interchangeably, most of the research to date has been performed with nVNS or an implanted vagus nerve stimulation device. However, the exact mechanism of action of nVNS remains hypothetical and no clear overview of the effectiveness of nVNS in primary headache disorders is available.MethodsIn the present study, the clinical trials that investigated the effectiveness, tolerability and safety of nVNS in primary headache disorders were systematically reviewed. The second part of this study reviewed the central connections of the vagus nerve. Papers on the clinical use of nVNS and the anatomical investigations were included based on predefined criteria, evaluated, and results were reported in a narrative way.ResultsThe first part of this review shows that nVNS in primary headache disorders is moderately effective, safe and well-tolerated. Regarding the anatomical review, it was reported that fibers from the vagus nerve intertwine with fibers from the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves, mostly in the trigeminal spinal tract. Second, the four nuclei of the vagus nerve (nuclei of the solitary tract, nucleus ambiguus, spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and dorsal motor nucleus (DMX)) show extensive interconnections. Third, the efferents from the vagal nuclei that receive sensory and visceral input (i.e. nuclei of the solitary tract and spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve) mainly course towards the main parts of the neural pain matrix directly or indirectly via other vagal nuclei.ConclusionThe moderate effectiveness of nVNS in treating primary headache disorders can possibly be linked to the connections between the trigeminal and vagal systems as described in animals.
Local Administration of Magnesium Promotes Meniscal Healing Through Homing of Endogenous Stem Cells: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Zhang Zheng-Zheng , Zhou Yun-Feng , Li Wei-Ping , Jiang Chuan , Chen Zhong , Luo Huan , Song Bin 
Published: February 2019

Background: Although many strategies have been developed to modify the biological and biomechanical environment of the meniscal suture repair to improve the chances of healing, the failure rates remain high. Thus, new methods to promote meniscal regeneration and repair are needed. Hypothesis: Administration of magnesium (via a repair using magnesium stitches) might enhance recruitment and adherence of endogenous stem cells to the site of the lesion, thereby promoting in situ meniscal regeneration and chondroprotective functions. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Synovial fluid–derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) were identified and isolated from the knees of rabbits with a meniscal injury of 4 weeks’ duration. An in vitro analysis of adherence and chemotaxis of SMSCs was performed. For the in vivo assay, rabbits (n = 120) with meniscal lesions were divided into 3 groups: repair with high-purity magnesium stitches (Mg group), repair with absorbable sutures (Control group), and no repair (Blank group). Healing of the regenerated tissue and degeneration of the articular cartilage were evaluated by gross and histological analysis at postoperative weeks 1, 3, 6, and 12. The mechanical properties of the repaired meniscus were also analyzed (tensile testing). Results: In vitro, magnesium promoted the adhesion and migration of SMSCs, which were identified and increased in the knee joints with meniscal lesions. Moreover, fibrochondrogenesis of SMSCs was stimulated by magnesium. Compared with the other groups, the Mg group had enhanced tissue regeneration, lower cartilage degeneration, and retained mechanical strength at 12 weeks after meniscal repair. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: Magnesium could be used for in situ meniscal repair due to the potential capacity of magnesium to recruit endogenous stem cells and promote synthesis of fibrocartilaginous matrix.
Smaller Change in Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Is Associated With Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Among Younger Patients
Authors: McPherson April L. , Feller Julian A. , Hewett Timothy E. , Webster Kate E. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Lower psychological readiness to return to sport has been reported for younger patients (≤20 years) who go on to a second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, changes in psychological readiness and specific psychological responses associated with second injury have not been identified. Purpose/Hypothesis: To identify changes in psychological readiness over time associated with a second ACL injury. It was hypothesized that younger patients who suffered a second injury would have smaller changes in psychological readiness to return to sport when compared with those who did not have a second injury. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients ≤20 years old at the time of surgery who had a primary ACL reconstruction procedure between June 2014 and June 2016 were recruited for this study. The short version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale was completed by patients before their ACL reconstruction and repeated at 12 months after surgery to assess psychological readiness to return to sport. The primary outcome of interest was the relationship between the change in psychological readiness and second ACL injuries. Results: Among 115 young patients who returned to sport after ACL reconstruction, 21 (18%) experienced a second ACL injury. Injured patients did not show improvement in their ACL-RSI score between the preoperative assessment and 12-month time point (58.5 vs 60.8 points, P = .60) and had a significantly smaller change when compared with noninjured patients (9.2 vs 24.9 points, P = .01). When compared with the noninjured group, the injured group reported they were more nervous about playing sport, less confident in playing sport without concern for the knee, more frustrated with having to consider the knee with respect to sport, and more fearful of reinjuring the knee by playing sport ( P≤ .05). Conclusion: Injured patients exhibited less improvement in psychological readiness at a group level and reported different psychological characteristics with regard to return to sport at 12 months after ACL reconstruction as monitored by the ACL-RSI scale.
Coper Classification Early After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Changes With Progressive Neuromuscular and Strength Training and Is Associated With 2-Year Success: The Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study
Authors: Thoma Louise M. , Grindem Hege , Logerstedt David , Axe Michael , Engebretsen Lars , Risberg May Arna , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: February 2019

Background: Some athletes demonstrate excellent dynamic stability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and return to sport without ACL reconstruction (ACLR) (copers). Others demonstrate persistent instability despite rehabilitation (noncopers) and require surgical stabilization. Testing to determine coper classification can identify potential copers early after rupture. It is unclear how coper classification changes after a brief intervention and how early classification relates to long-term outcomes. Purpose: (1) To evaluate the consistency of early coper classification (potential coper vs noncoper) before and after progressive neuromuscular and strength training (NMST) among athletes early after acute ACL rupture and (2) to evaluate the association of early coper classification with 2-year success after ACL rupture. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: This was a prospective analysis from the Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study, composed of athletes consecutively enrolled early after ACL rupture. Participants (n = 271) were tested and classified as potential copers or noncopers according to established criteria before and after a 10-session NMST program. Success 2 years after ACLR or nonoperative rehabilitation was defined as meeting or exceeding sex- and age-matched norms for knee function, no ACL graft rupture, and ≤1 episode of giving way within the previous year. The McNemar test evaluated changes in coper classification pre- to posttraining. Logistic regression adjusted for baseline characteristics was used to evaluate the association of early coper classification and surgical status with 2-year success. Results: Of 300 athletes enrolled, 271 (90%) completed the posttraining data collection, and 219 (73%) returned for the 2-year follow-up. The coper classifications were different between time points: nearly half of those classified initially as noncopers became potential copers ( P < .001). At the 2-year follow-up, 66% of the ACLR group and 74% of the nonoperative group were successful. Athletes who were potential copers posttraining and chose ACLR or nonoperative rehabilitation had 2.7 (95% CI, 1.3-5.6) and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.2-7.2) times the odds of success, respectively, as compared with noncopers who chose ACLR. Conclusion: Coper classification improved after NMST; more athletes became potential copers. Athletes who were potential copers after NMST were more likely to succeed 2 years later regardless of whether they had surgery, strongly supporting the addition of NMST before ACLR. Persistent noncopers fared poorly, indicating that more intensive rehabilitation may be needed.
Trans-iris fixation of dislocated in-the-bag intraocular lenses
Authors: Faramarzi Amir , Feizi Sepehr , Yazdani Shahin 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: The aim of this article is to describe the safety and efficacy of trans-iris suture fixation for the management of late dislocation of in-the-capsular-bag intraocular lenses following uncomplicated cataract surgery. Patients and methods: Eleven eyes of 11 patients with late in-the-capsular-bag intraocular lens dislocation following uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery were recruited in the study. The dislocated intraocular lens–capsular bag complex was sutured to the iris at two points 180° apart using 9-0 polypropylene sutures on long needles. Results: Mean patient age was 67 ± 6 years. Seven eyes had pseudoexfoliation syndrome, one eye had Marfan syndrome, and another eye had a traumatic cataract; no risk factor was identified for intraocular lens dislocation in two eyes. A capsular tension ring had been implanted during cataract surgery in four eyes. In six eyes, the posterior chamber intraocular lenses were one-piece foldable while the remaining were three-piece intraocular lenses. Compared to the preoperative value, corrected distance visual acuity was significantly improved postoperatively ( p < 0.005). Intraoperative hyphema occurred in two eyes. Pupil ovalization was observed in all eyes. Mean endothelial cell count decreased by 4 ± 1.7% after intraocular lens fixation. The capsular bag–intraocular lens complex was stable and well-centered in the pupillary area in all eyes at the final follow-up examination which was performed 16 ± 4 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Trans-iris fixation is a simple and effective procedure for management of late intraocular lenses–capsular bag complex dislocation, without major complications.
How Well Planned Urgency Class Come True in The Emergency Surgery? Timing of Acute Care Surgery
Authors: Koivukangas V. , Saarela A. , Meriläinen S. , Wiik H. 
Published: February 2019

Background and Aims: Emergency surgery represents an essential aspect of surgical care, but little is known about realization of the planned emergency class. Different systems such as NCEPOD classification and Timing of Acute Care Surgery classification have been developed for the timing of the emergency surgery. The aim of the study was to find out how well planned urgency class is being implemented. Materials and Methods: The planned and realized waiting times for all emergency surgeries were studied during the 6-month period in the Oulu University Hospital. The catchment area of the hospital includes a population of 742,000. The urgency in the hospital is planned in a four-step scale: an extremely urgent (E) patient should be taken immediately to the operating theater. Class I urgency surgery should start within 3 h (180 min), class II within 8 h (480 min), and class III within 24 h (1440 min). Surgeon plans urgency at his discretion, and no specific urgency has been imposed on certain diagnoses thus the surgeon’s perceptions of the illness or trauma affects the assessment. Results: Extreme urgent patients had an average waiting time of 26 min. For class I patient, the average waiting time was 59 min, while 93% of surgeries were started within the target time. For class II and class III patients, these figures were 337 min and 86% and 830 min and 78%, respectively. Conclusion: With regard to urgency, the higher the degree of urgency, the greater the chance of the surgery being realized within the planned time.
Do interventions that include education on dementia progression improve knowledge, mental health and burden of family carers? A systematic review
Authors: Moore Kirsten J , Lee Cheuk Yan , Sampson Elizabeth L , Candy Bridget 
Published: February 2019

Background and aim The European Association of Palliative Care recommends that family carers need education on the progression of dementia. This systematic review aimed to explore whether interventions incorporating education regarding the progressive nature of dementia increased carers’ understanding of dementia and improved mental health and burden. Method MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched to April 2018. Randomised controlled trials with samples of family carers of someone with dementia were eligible. Included interventions involved a component aimed to increase the carer’s understanding of the progression of dementia. Outcomes of interest included: knowledge of dementia, depression, burden and pre-death grief. Results Searches identified 3221 unique citations of which 11 studies were eligible for review. Interventions ranged from 4 to 16 sessions of which 1 to 3 sessions focused on the progression of dementia. Knowledge: Two studies evaluated carers’ knowledge of dementia. One found no difference between the trial arms immediately after the intervention or three months later. The second found a significant intervention effect at the end of the intervention but not at three-month follow-up. Depression: Seven studies evaluated intervention effects on depression. Meta-analysis of three trials showed significant differences in mean follow-up scores favouring intervention over control. The remaining four studies did not show differences in depression between intervention and control groups. Burden: Nine studies evaluated burden and were examined in two meta-analyses (mean scores at follow-up and mean change scores from baseline to follow-up), neither of which found a benefit for intervention over control. Using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation system, we judged the quality of evidence to be very low for depression and low for burden, knowledge and pre-death grief, reducing our confidence in any of the effect estimates. Conclusion The evidence was not sufficient to support or refute the effectiveness of education on progression of dementia on carers’ knowledge and mental health.