bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Critical Role of YAP/BMP/ID1 Axis on Simulated Microgravity‐Induced Neural Tube Defects in Human Brain Organoids
Authors: Guo Di , Yao Bin , Shao Wen‐Wei , Zuo Jia‐Chen , Chang Zhe‐Han , Shi Jian‐Xin , Hu Nan , Bao Shuang‐Qing , Chen Meng‐Meng , Fan Xiu , Li Xiao‐Hong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntegrated biochemical and biophysical signals regulate embryonic development. Correct neural tube formation is critical for the development of central nervous system. However, the role of microgravity in neurodevelopment and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the effects of stimulated microgravity (SMG) on the development of human brain organoids are investigated. SMG impairs N‐cadherin‐based adherens junction formation, leading to neural tube defects associated with dysregulated self‐renewal capacity and neuroepithelial disorganization in human brain organoids. Bulk gene expression analyses reveal that SMG alters Hippo and BMP signaling in brain organoids. The neuropathological deficits in SMG‐treated organoids can be rescued by regulating YAP/BMP/ID1 axis. Furthermore, sing‐cell RNA sequencing data show that SMG results in perturbations in the number and function of neural stem and progenitor cell subpopulations. One of these subpopulations senses SMG cues and transmits BMP signals to the subpopulation responsible for tube morphogenesis, ultimately affecting the proliferating cell population. Finally, SMG intervention leads to persistent neurologic damage even after returning to normal gravity conditions. Collectively, this study reveals molecular and cellular abnormalities associated with SMG during human brain development, providing opportunities for countermeasures to maintain normal neurodevelopment in space.
Intermittent Vibration Induces Sleep via an Allatostatin A‐GABA Signaling Pathway and Provides Broad Benefits in Alzheimer's Disease Models
Authors: Mou Yang , Zhang Yan , Zheng Yuxian , He Guang , Xu Zhi‐Xiang , Xiao Xiao , Ping Yong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhile animals across species typically experience suppressed consciousness and an increased arousal threshold during sleep, the responsiveness to specific sensory inputs persists. Previous studies have demonstrated that rhythmic and continuous vibration can enhance sleep in both animals and humans. However, the neural circuits underlying vibration‐induced sleep (VIS) and its potential therapeutic benefits on neuropathological processes in disease models remain unclear. Here, it is shown that intermittent vibration, such as cycles of 30 s on followed by 30 s off, is more effective in inducing sleep compared to continuous vibration. A clear evidence is further provided that allatostatin A (AstA)‐GABA signaling mediates short‐term intermittent vibration‐induced sleep (iVIS) by inhibiting octopaminergic arousal neurons through activating GABAA receptors. The existence of iVIS in mice is corroborated, implicating the GABAergic system in this process. Finally, intermittent vibration not only enhances sleep but also reduces amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition and reverses memory defects in Alzheimer's disease models. In conclusion, the study defines a central neural circuit involved in mediating short‐term iVIS and the potential implications of vibration in treating sleep‐related brain disorders.
WDR36 Regulates Trophectoderm Differentiation During Human Preimplantation Embryonic Development Through Glycolytic Metabolism
Authors: An Shiyu , Hou Shuyue , Xu Feifei , Yan Huanyu , Zhang Wenyi , Xiang Jinfeng , Chen Haoran , Zhang Hanwen , Dong Lingling , Sun Xiaobin , Huo Ran , Chen Yun , Wang Xi , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMammalian pre‐implantation development is a complex process involving sophisticated regulatory dynamics. WD repeat domain 36 (WDR36) is known to play a critical role in mouse early embryonic development, but its regulatory function in human embryogenesis is still elusive due to limited access to human embryos. The human pluripotent stem cell‐derived blastocyst‐like structure, termed a blastoid, offers an alternative means to study human development in a dish. In this study, after verifying that WDR36 inhibition disrupted polarization in mouse early embryos, it is further demonstrated that WDR36 interference can block human blastoid formation, dominantly hindering the trophectoderm lineage commitment. Both transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics analyses revealed that WDR36 interference downregulated glucose metabolism. WDR36 can interact with glycolytic metabolic protein lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), thereby positively regulating glycolysis during the late stage of human blastoid formation. Taken together, the study has established a mechanistic connection between WDR36, glucose metabolism, and cell fate determination during early embryonic lineage commitment, which may provide potential insights into novel therapeutic targets for early adverse pregnancy interventions.
Oxime ether photobromination in a photomicroreactor: Process parameters and kinetic modeling
Authors: Ma You , Qian Guozhi , Pasha Mohsin , Wang Yuhan , Li Jiayi , Liu Yuzhe , Liu Saier , Xue Xiao , Qiu Min , Zhong Zihao , Shang Minjing , Zheng Jie , Lin Zhigang , Su Yuanhai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotobromination reaction of oxime ether (OE) to brominated oxime ether (BOE) is an important process for the synthesis of trifloxystrobin in the fungicide industry. Herein, continuous synthesis of BOE in photomicroreactors was performed. Initially, an investigation was carried out to study the effects of various parameters, including mixing performance, molar ratios, solvents, incident photon flux, and temperature, on the photobromination process. Moreover, a kinetic model was established, and the activation energies for the main and side reactions were determined. The relationship between the reaction rate constant and light flux was illuminated. Transition states and energy changes in the bromination process were analyzed using density functional theory calculation. Remarkably, an 83.1% yield of BOE was achieved in the photomicroreactor and the required reaction time was reduced to approximately 1/10 of the batch reactor. This work was of crucial theoretical significance and practical value for better understanding of photobromination processes and parameter optimization.
Secular Trends in the Median Age at Menarche and Spermarche Among Chinese Children From 2000 to 2019 and Analysis of Physical Examination Indicators Factor
Authors: Hu Jiajia , Han Wenhao , Zhou Meng , Geng Yixiao , Zhang Junna , Zhou Fanke , Wu Wencan , Ban Xiaolei , Lou Xiaomin , Wang Xian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis research aimed to understand the long‐term trends in the age of menarche among girls and spermarche among boys, and to analyze the factors that may influence the onset of menarche and first spermarche.MethodsThe study was based on data from 49 566 students in Henan Province collected from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) conducted between 2000 and 2019. Median age at menarche and spermarche was estimated by probit analysis. t‐Tests were used to analyze the influence of menarche and first spermarche on physical examination indexes of adolescent children, and the chi‐squared test was used to compare whether the differences in physical activity were statistically significant.ResultsThe age at menarche has decreased from 12.33 years in 2000 to 12.00 years in 2019, and the age at first spermarche has decreased from 14.01 years in 2000 to 13.99 years in 2019. The age at first spermarche in urban boys (13.61 years in 2000; 12.94 years in 2014) was consistently younger than that in rural boys (14.43 years in 2000; aged 13.08 in 2014), except in 2019. The age of menarche in urban girls (12.23 years in 2000; 11.89 years in 2019) was always earlier than that in rural girls (12.44 years in 2000; 12.05 years in 2019).ConclusionsThe age at menarche and spermarche for children in Henan Province generally showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2019. The status of BMI is significantly associated with the early onset of puberty in children.
Enzymatisches Reaktionsnetzwerk‐gesteuerte polymerisationsinduzierte transiente Koazervation
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Belluati Andrea , Kumar Mohit , Dhiman Shikha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEine lebende Zelle besitzt ein hochkomplexes Mikro‐Umfeld, in dem zahlreiche enzymgesteuerte Prozesse gleichzeitig aktiv sind. Diese Prozesse sind äußerst präzise und effizient, obwohl eine vergleichbare Kontrolle in vitro noch nicht etabliert wurde. In dieser Arbeit entwerfen wir ein enzymatisches Reaktionsnetzwerk (ERN), das antagonistische und orthogonale enzymatische Netzwerke kombiniert, um anpassbare Dynamiken der ATP‐getrieben transienten Koazervation zu erzeugen. Mithilfe der Meerrettichperoxidase‐vermittelten biokatalytischen radikalischen Atomtransferpolymerisation (BioATRP) synthetisierten wir Poly(dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat), das anschließend in Anwesenheit von ATP Koazervate bildete. Wir untersuchten rational die enzymatische Kontrolle über die Koazervation und Auflösung und setzten dabei orthogonale und antagonistische Enzym‐Paare ein, wie Phosphatase, Kreatinphosphokinase, Hexokinase, Esterase und Urease. Die ATP‐gefüllten Koazervate zeigen zudem eine enzymatische Katalyse und belegen das Potenzial, als zelluläre Mikroreaktoren genutzt zu werden. Zusätzlich entwickelten wir das ERN‐Polymerisations‐induzierte transiente Koazervation (ERN‐PIC), das vollständige Kontrolle über das System, die Polymerisation, die Koazervation und die Auflösung ermöglicht. Besonders bemerkenswert ist, dass der Koazervationsprozess selbst funktionelle Eigenschaften bestimmt, wie zum Beispiel selektive Ladungsaufnahme. Die Strategie bietet hochmoderne biomimetische Anwendungen und Einblicke in die zelluläre Kompartmentalisierung, indem sie die Lücke zwischen synthetischen und biologischen Systemen überbrückt. Die Entwicklung von temporär programmierten Koazervaten ist vielversprechend für die räumliche Anordnung von Multienzym‐Kaskaden und bietet neue Ideen zur Architektur künstlicher Zellen.
Enzymatic Reaction Network‐Driven Polymerization‐Induced Transient Coacervation
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Belluati Andrea , Kumar Mohit , Dhiman Shikha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA living cell has a highly complex microenvironment whereas numerous enzyme‐driven processes are active at once. These procedures are incredibly accurate and efficient, although comparable control has not yet been established in vitro. Here, we design an enzymatic reaction network (ERN) that combines antagonistic and orthogonal enzymatic networks to produce adjustable dynamics of ATP‐fueled transient coacervation. Using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐mediated Biocatalytic Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (BioATRP), we synthesized poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), which subsequently formed coacervates with ATP. We rationally explored enzymatic control over coacervation and dissolution, using orthogonal and antagonistic enzyme pairs viz., alkaline phosphatase, Creatine phosphokinase, hexokinase, esterase, and urease. ATP‐fuelled coacervates also demonstrate the enzymatic catalysis to prove its potential to be exploited as a cellular microreactor. Additionally, we developed ERN‐polymerization‐induced transient coacervation (ERN‐PIC), with complete control over the system, polymerization, coacervation, and dissolution. Notably, the coacervation process itself determines functional properties, as seen in selective cargo uptake. The strategy offers cutting‐edge biomimetic applications, and insights into cellular compartmentalization by bridging the gap between synthetic and biological systems. The development of temporally programmed coacervation is promising for the spatial arrangement of multienzyme cascades, and offers novel ideas on the architecture of artificial cells.
Divergent Oxidation Reactions of E‐ and Z‐Allylic Primary Alcohols by an Unspecific Peroxygenase
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Duran Cristina , Pogrányi Balázs , Cornish Katy A. S. , Cartwright Jared , Osuna Sílvia , Unsworth William P. , Grogan Gideon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) catalyze the selective oxygenation of organic substrates using only hydrogen peroxide as the external oxidant. The PaDa−I variant of the UPO from Agrocybe aegerita catalyses the oxidation of Z‐ and E‐allylic alcohols with complementary selectivity, giving epoxide and carboxylic acid/aldehyde products respectively. Both reactions can be performed on preparative scale with isolated yields up to 80 %, and the epoxidations proceed with excellent enantioselectivity (>99 % ee). The divergent reactions can also be used to transform E/Z mixtures of allylic alcohols, enabling both product series to be isolated from a single reaction. The utility of the epoxidation method is exemplified in the total synthesis of both enantiomers of the insect pheromone disparlure, including a highly enantioselective gram‐scale transformation. These reactions provide further evidence for the potential of UPOs as catalysts for the scalable preparation of important oxygenated intermediates.
Regulated Magnesium Ion Release From Polydopamine‐Mg Modified Polyetheretherketone Surface for Improved Anti‐Infection and Osseointegration Properties
Authors: Liu Shengdong , Li Da , Xiao Tianhua , Yuan Zhufeng , Zhang Huanhuan , Min Yonggang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) emerges as a highly promising biopolymer due to its mechanical properties and elastic modulus akin to those of human cortical bone. Despite these advantages, the clinical utilization of PEEK is often hindered by its limited bioactivity and suboptimal capability for bone integration. Herein, we introduce a facile and expeditious method for enhancing the osseointegration efficacy of PEEK substrates by depositing polydopamine (PDA) chelated with magnesium ions at varying concentrations (0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 M) as a surface coating (PDA‐Mg). This PDA‐Mg‐modified PEEK surface exhibits distinctive properties, including antibacterial properties (antibacterial rate of 93.267%), improved vascular regeneration, and osteogenic promotion (ALP activity increased by 239.5%). Moreover, the Mg2+ ions are released in a regulated way, and the impact of Mg2+ concentration on the aforementioned properties has been thoroughly examined. Our study demonstrates that PDA‐Mg‐modified PEEK offers a highly promising prospect for clinical applications. Specifically, these implants stand out as exceptional candidates for bone graft materials, with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and accelerate recovery processes.
Understanding and Enhancing the Cycling Stability of Layered Double Hydroxides with Intercalated Ferrocene Anions for Energy Storage Application
Authors: Gerlach Patrick , Douard Camille , Sarmet Julien , Leroux Fabrice , Tavoit‐Gueho Christine , Stevens Philippe , Toussaint Gwenaëlle , Brousse Thierry 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this work, the layered double hydroxide (LDH) Mg2Al(OH)6 was intercalated with redox active ferrocene carboxylate anions in order to implement charge storage capability to the interlayer spaces of the LDH structure. Two sets of anions, namely mono‐ and dicarboxylic ferrocene, were intercalated to produce two different active materials: MgAl‐FcMono and MgAl‐FcDi. The electrochemical investigation of these two materials was performed in two model electrolytes: 1 M LiTFSI in H2O and Pyr13TFSI. In the aqueous electrolyte, the first charge reaches the full theoretic capacity of ca. 60 and 40 mAh g−1 for both materials. However, significantly less capacity is stored and delivered during subsequent cycles. In‐situ UV/vis experiments identified the loss as a release of charged ferrocene anions from the LDH during oxidation in the charging process, which is more severe for MgAl‐FcMono. It is possible to prevent this release of redox species by the use of the ionic liquid Pyr13TFSI as a high concentrated electrolyte. Subsequently, both materials cycled very steadily with high coulombic efficiency for 150 cycles. This better understanding of the capacity degradation of the LDH‐ferrocene active material is key to improving this new and promising concept of using modified LDHs as active material in energy storage application.
Self‐Esteem, Family Support and Online Grooming Risk Among Adolescents: The Role of Problematic Internet Usage
Authors: Aktu Yahya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe online grooming risk (OGR) among adolescents has risen due to the development of technology and the growing use of social media. Although crucial links have been described among family support, self‐esteem and OGR, little is known about the mechanisms problematic Internet usage has in these links. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of problematic Internet usage in the relationship among family support, self‐esteem and OGR. The participants consist of a total of 406 adolescents in Türkiye, with 283 girls and 123 boys (age, mean ± standard deviation = 16.25 ± 1.68). The relationships among the variables were examined using the Pearson correlation, while mediation analyses were carried out using structural equation modelling. Correlational analyses reveal family support to be negatively associated with both OGR and problematic Internet usage. Meanwhile, family support was positively correlated with self‐esteem. Similarly, a positive and statistically significant relationship was determined between OGR and problematic Internet usage. The results indicate problematic Internet usage to mediate the relationship between family support and OGR as well as the relationship between self‐esteem and OGR. These results highlight the importance of paying attention to adolescents' mental health regarding problematic Internet usage by considering the protective factors of self‐esteem and family support due to their close association with OGR.
What Is the Outcome When Schools Report Concern for a Child to the Norwegian Child Welfare and Protection Services?
Authors: Vis Svein Arild , Lauritzen Camilla 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSchool teachers are a professional group that are responsible for a large proportion of reports concerning suspected child abuse and neglect. This study looks at which concerns are more often reported by schools and if these reports are more likely substantiated when the school is the reporter. The study was designed as a retrospective case‐file study (N = 883). Results show that concerns about the child being exposed to physical abuse were notably more frequent in reports from schools compared to other reporters and were more often substantiated when the reports came from schools as opposed to other reporting agencies. The odds for substantiation of abuse were 6.4 times higher if an abuse concern had been raised in the report compared to when it had not. This effect was not significantly mediated by the school being the reporter. School reports contain to a lesser extent concern about risk factors within the family and local environment. This is not necessarily a shortcoming on behalf of schools but may represent conditions that a teacher has less knowledge of and that constitute a ‘blind spot’ for employees in the education sector. The child welfare service must take this into account when assessing school reports.
Developing an Understanding of Complex Trauma Among Child Sexual Assault Survivors in South Africa: Implications for Practice
Authors: Mathews Shanaaz , Berry Lizette M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSouth Africa has extraordinarily high levels of CSA with profound immediate and long‐term mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the mental health adjustment of children who experienced CSA and accessed support services using mixed methods. Structured interviews using validated mental health screening tools were conducted with children, between the ages of 7–18 years at three intervals over a 10‐month period. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with primary caregivers to explore their views on the child's adjustment, and a validated parenting measure was used to assess parenting practices over time. Nearly 20% of all children met the clinical criteria for depression, but younger children showed increased recovery from depression over time. More than a third (37%) of younger children had full‐symptom PTSD at baseline, with about a quarter (24%) of adolescents meeting the full‐symptom PTSD criteria. We found that although full‐symptom PTSD decreased to 26% for younger children, there was a slight increase (32%) in full‐symptom PTSD among adolescents. Children's experiences of poly‐victimisation were highlighted through caregiver interviews combined with caregivers' own experiences of unresolved trauma. Therapeutic models need to address the complex nature of trauma that children experience and unresolved trauma experienced by many families to break this intergenerational cycle.
The Sexual Exploitation of Children in the Care of the Irish State—Professionals' Perspectives
Authors: Canning Mary , Keenan Marie , Breslin Ruth 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDrawing on interviews with key stakeholders who have diverse experience of working with children in Ireland, this article highlights that children in residential care are being targeted for sexual exploitation in an organised manner, by networks or gangs of predatory men. The study found that current staffing challenges in the care environment are making it difficult for children to develop trusting relationships to feel sufficiently comfortable to disclose their experiences of sexual exploitation and seek help. It also found that some professionals saw children who were sexually exploited in residential care as ‘problematic’ or even at times inadvertently blamed them for their own exploitation. It further found that the risk of sexual exploitation for children is increased when care staff lack the skills and language to identify, speak about and respond to reports of sexual exploitation. Although there is some evidence of children in families being sexually exploited, a particular context for targeting children for sexual exploitation, that of being in state care, is clearly highlighted in this paper and aligns with evidence from other jurisdictions. The findings suggest a need for a national policy on the protection of children in care from sexual exploitation that would not only prioritise the issue but would trigger increased training and education of social carers, social workers and the Irish police force on the complexities underpinning sexual exploitation so that they are better equipped to protect children in care.
Design, Synthesis, Anti‐Proliferative, and Apoptotic Assessment of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindole–Isatin Hybrids on Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Preeti  , Raza Asif , Sharma Rajni Kant , Sharma Arun K. , Kumar Vipan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA series of 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐tethered spirocyclopropyl oxindole–isatin hybrids were synthesized using a copper‐promoted click reaction and evaluated for their anti‐proliferative activities against triple‐negative breast cancer cell lines. The most potent compound in the series outperformed tamoxifen and 5‐fluorouracil, with selectivity indices of 1.60 and 1.99 against MDA‐MB‐468 and MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells, respectively. The Caspase 3/7 7‐AAD assay showed live cell populations of 72.10% and 49.20% after 24 and 48 h, respectively, indicating that the cytotoxic effect is mediated through the caspase apoptotic pathway. Molecular docking studies further suggested the compound's potential as an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, highlighting its promise as a therapeutic agent.