bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review
Authors: Grande Enrique , Díaz Ángel , López Carlos , Munarriz Javier , Reina Juan-José , Vera Ruth , Bernárdez Beatriz , Aller Javier , Capdevila Jaume , Garcia-Carbonero Rocio , Jimenez Fonseca Paula , Trapero-Bertran Marta 
Published: February 2019

Background: Despite current interest, enthusiasm and progress in the development of therapies for gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), there are substantial gaps in the published literature regarding cost-of-illness analyses, economic evaluation and budget impact analyses. Compounding the issue is that data on resource utilization and cost-effectiveness of different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for GEP-NETs are scarce. Methods: A systematic review on the economic impact of GEP-NETs was carried out using four databases: EMBASE, PubMed, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and Cochrane review. Fully published articles from January 2000 to May 2017, in English and Spanish, were included. All articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review; summary descriptive statistics were used to describe the methodological characteristics. Results: The 14 studies selected included cost-of-illness analyses ( n = 4), economic evaluations ( n = 7) and budget impact analyses ( n = 3). Almost all studies were performed in the United States. Healthcare costs for patients with NETs included medication, outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and check-ups/tests. Reducing adverse events is an area where cost savings could be achieved; however, there was not enough evidence on the cost impact of adverse events. Conclusion: There is a lack of data related to resource utilization in the field of GEP-NETs. Therefore, cost-effectiveness and budget impact studies of existing and emerging treatments are urgently needed to help the decision-making process for patients with NETs.
London calling Gaza: The role of international collaborations in the globalisation of postgraduate burn care education
Authors: Theodorakopoulou Evgenia , Goutos Ioannis , Mason Katrina , Ghanem Ali M , Myers Simon 
Published: February 2019

Burn injuries represent a significant epidemiological problem, with the vast majority occurring in low- to middle-income countries. These regions also represent areas where lack of socioeconomic growth and geopolitical instability pose additional barriers not only to healthcare provision but also to the acquisition of continuing professional development. Long-distance, web-based learning programmes (‘tele-education’) have been identified as a successful and powerful means of propagating up-to-date medical education and training in poor-resource, isolated or conflict-ridden regions. This report evaluates the role of tele-education in delivering a distance-learning Master’s degree in Burn Care to a group of 11 healthcare professionals working in the occupied Palestinian territories (OPT), which was funded as part of a collaboration between Queen Mary University of London and IMET-Pal (International Medical Education Trust – Palestine). We present our experience in delivering the programme in a conflict-ridden part of the world, which includes the specific adaptations to tailor the programme to regional needs as well the unique challenges faced by students and faculty in enhancing the educational value of this unique initiative. The academic achievements of this group of healthcare professionals were found to be comparable to historical student cohorts from privileged socioeconomic backgrounds and the majority of students felt that participation in the programme contributed to a direct improvement to their daily burn care practices. The successful outcomes achieved by our students support the constantly emerging evidence that targeted, well-delivered, long-distance learning programmes can become powerful tools in combating inequalities in global healthcare and health education.
Biomechanical Differences Between Japanese and American Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Oi Takanori , Yoshiya Shinichi , Slowik Jon , Diffendaffer Alek , Takagi Yohei , Tanaka Hiroshi , Nobuhara Katsuya , Fleisig Glenn S. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Although baseball injuries are common in both Japan and the United States, the majority of pitching injuries in Japanese players occur at the shoulder, whereas most pitching injuries in American players occur at the elbow. A biomechanical comparison between Japanese and American pitchers may help to identify the different injury mechanisms. Hypothesis: Japanese pitchers produce greater shoulder kinetics whereas American pitchers generate greater elbow kinetics. Also, kinematic differences will be found between the 2 groups, including longer stride and greater lead knee flexion for Japanese pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Biomechanical data for 19 Japanese professional baseball pitchers and an age-matched group of 19 American professional baseball pitchers were collected by use of a 3-dimensional, automated, high-speed optical motion capture system. Anthropometric, kinetic, and kinematic data for both groups were compared by use of t tests ( P < .05). Results: American pitchers were taller and heavier and generated greater ball velocity (38.1 ± 1.6 vs 34.7 ± 1.1 m/s; P < .001) than their Japanese counterparts. Most elbow and shoulder kinetic parameters, including elbow varus torque (99 ± 17 vs 86 ± 17 N·m; P = .018), were greater for American pitchers. However, when normalized by bodyweight and height, shoulder horizontal adduction torque was greater for Japanese pitchers (6.8% ± 1.0% vs 5.8% ± 1.1%; P = .005). Japanese pitchers had longer stride (86% ± 5% vs 82% ± 6% of height; P = .023), greater shoulder abduction at ball release (101° ± 8° vs 94° ± 9°; P = .014), and greater knee flexion after ball release (39° ± 18° vs 28° ± 14°; P = .039). Japanese pitchers also demonstrated greater shoulder internal rotation velocity, elbow flexion, and elbow extension velocity. Conclusion: Greater elbow varus torque may predispose American pitchers to greater risk of elbow injury. Japanese pitchers may have increased risk of shoulder injury due to greater normalized horizontal adduction torque and greater abduction angle. Japanese pitchers may be able to reduce their shoulder torque and risk of injury by shortening their stride, reducing their lead knee flexion, and decreasing their throwing arm abduction. Clinical Relevance: Understanding anthropometric, kinetic, and kinematic differences between pitchers from the 2 countries may be of value to clinicians and coaches working to maximize performance of the pitchers while minimizing the risk of injury.
A Pilot Study on Histopathology of the Jejunoileal Atresia—Can it Be Used as a Guide to Determine the Length of Adequate Resection?
Authors: Pandey Anand , Singh Abhishek , Agarwal Preeti , Gupta Archika , Rawat Jiledar , Kureel Shiv Narain 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Some studies reported that there is abnormality in the histopathology of atretic bowel in jejunoileal atresia (JIA). We have made an attempt to assess sequential histopathologic changes in the resected atretic segment. Material and methods: The histopathology of the resected segment was evaluated at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 cm from atretic end (Sections A to F, respectively). The ratio of inner and outer muscle layer (measured by NIS-Element D software) was calculated at every section. Immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was also done. The findings were compared with control. Results: In control set (n = 5), the ratio of inner and outer muscle layer was 1.03. In patients with JIA, the ratio was 0.68 to 0.9 at section A. This ratio varied at various sections in all specimens. In section F, this ratio was 0.95 to 1.09, which is close to control ratio. There were no specific findings related to α-SMA staining. Conclusions: It appears that the bowel proximal to the atresia is abnormal for a varied length. It may be a possibility that this abnormality is present at least up to about 10 cm proximal to atresia. Adequate resection is important for optimal outcome.
Genetic drivers of oncogenic pathways in molecular subgroups of peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Heavican Tayla B. , Bouska Alyssa , Yu Jiayu , Lone Waseem , Amador Catalina , Gong Qiang , Zhang Weiwei , Li Yuping , Dave Bhavana J. , Nairismägi Maarja-Liisa , Greiner Timothy C. , Vose Julie , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Lachel Cynthia , Wang Chao , Fu Kai , Stevens Jadd M. , Lim Soon Thye , Ong Choon Kiat , Gascoyne Randy D. , Missiaglia Edoardo , Lemonnier Francois , Haioun Corinne , Hartmann Sylvia , Pedersen Martin Bjerregård , Laginestra Maria Antonella , Wilcox Ryan A. , Teh Bin Tean , Yoshida Noriaki , Ohshima Koichi , Seto Masao , Rosenwald Andreas , Ott German , Campo Elias , Rimsza Lisa M. , Jaffe Elaine S. , Braziel Rita M. , d’Amore Francesco , Inghirami Giorgio , Bertoni Francesco , de Leval Laurence , Gaulard Philippe , Staudt Louis M. , McKeithan Timothy W. , Pileri Stefano , Chan Wing C. , Iqbal Javeed 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a group of complex clinicopathological entities, often associated with an aggressive clinical course. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) are the 2 most frequent categories, accounting for &gt;50% of PTCLs. Gene expression profiling (GEP) defined molecular signatures for AITL and delineated biological and prognostic subgroups within PTCL-NOS (PTCL-GATA3 and PTCL-TBX21). Genomic copy number (CN) analysis and targeted sequencing of these molecular subgroups revealed unique CN abnormalities (CNAs) and oncogenic pathways, indicating distinct oncogenic evolution. PTCL-GATA3 exhibited greater genomic complexity that was characterized by frequent loss or mutation of tumor suppressor genes targeting the CDKN2A/B-TP53 axis and PTEN-PI3K pathways. Co-occurring gains/amplifications of STAT3 and MYC occurred in PTCL-GATA3. Several CNAs, in particular loss of CDKN2A, exhibited prognostic significance in PTCL-NOS as a single entity and in the PTCL-GATA3 subgroup. The PTCL-TBX21 subgroup had fewer CNAs, primarily targeting cytotoxic effector genes, and was enriched in mutations of genes regulating DNA methylation. CNAs affecting metabolic processes regulating RNA/protein degradation and T-cell receptor signaling were common in both subgroups. AITL showed lower genomic complexity compared with other PTCL entities, with frequent co-occurring gains of chromosome 5 (chr5) and chr21 that were significantly associated with IDH2R172 mutation. CN losses were enriched in genes regulating PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling in cases without IDH2 mutation. Overall, we demonstrated that novel GEP-defined PTCL subgroups likely evolve by distinct genetic pathways and provided biological rationale for therapies that may be investigated in future clinical trials.
The response to lymphodepletion impacts PFS in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with CD19 CAR T cells
Authors: Hirayama Alexandre V. , Gauthier Jordan , Hay Kevin A. , Voutsinas Jenna M. , Wu Qian , Gooley Ted , Li Daniel , Cherian Sindhu , Chen Xueyan , Pender Barbara S. , Hawkins Reed M. , Vakil Aesha , Steinmetz Rachel N. , Acharya Utkarsh H. , Cassaday Ryan D. , Chapuis Aude G. , Dhawale Tejaswini M. , Hendrie Paul C. , Kiem Hans-Peter , Lynch Ryan C. , Ramos Jorge , Shadman Mazyar , Till Brian G. , Riddell Stanley R. , Maloney David G. , Turtle Cameron J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Factors associated with durable remission after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell immunotherapy for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have not been identified. We report multivariable analyses of factors affecting response and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with aggressive NHL treated with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine lymphodepletion followed by 2 × 106 CD19-directed CAR T cells/kg. The best overall response rate was 51%, with 40% of patients achieving complete remission. The median PFS of patients with aggressive NHL who achieved complete remission was 20.0 months (median follow-up, 26.9 months). Multivariable analysis of clinical and treatment characteristics, serum biomarkers, and CAR T-cell manufacturing and pharmacokinetic data showed that a lower pre-lymphodepletion serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and a favorable cytokine profile, defined as serum day 0 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and peak interleukin-7 (IL-7) concentrations above the median, were associated with better PFS. MCP-1 and IL-7 concentrations increased after lymphodepletion, and higher intensity of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine lymphodepletion was associated with higher probability of a favorable cytokine profile. PFS was superior in patients who received high-intensity lymphodepletion and achieved a favorable cytokine profile compared with those who received the same intensity of lymphodepletion without achieving a favorable cytokine profile. Even in high-risk patients with pre-lymphodepletion serum LDH levels above normal, a favorable cytokine profile after lymphodepletion was associated with a low risk of a PFS event. Strategies to augment the cytokine response to lymphodepletion could be tested in future studies of CD19 CAR T-cell immunotherapy for aggressive B-cell NHL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01865617.
Treatment of early onset spinal deformities with magnetically controlled growing rods: A single centre experience of 30 cases
Authors: Studer D. , Heidt C. , Büchler P. , Hasler C. C. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose The treatment of early onset scoliosis continues to be a major challenge, even when using motorized growth-sparing implants. We report on 30 cases operated on with magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) at our institution, analyzing radiological parameters and complications, comparing our results with the literature and presenting a special implant fixation technique. A separate focus highlights the challenges of conversion from previous non-motorized implants. Methods Consecutive case series. The nature and effects of complications were recorded for all patients. Radiographic evaluations were performed for patients with a minimum follow-up of two years. Separate analyses were carried out for patients who were previously treated with non-motorized growth-sparing implants Results There were 12 documented complications in 11/30 (37%) patients leading to 13 unplanned returns to the operating room. In all, 18/30 patients had a minimum follow-up of two years. Major curve and main kyphosis, as well as T1 to T12 and T1 to S1 distances significantly improved with MCGR implantation, however, less in patients converted from previous growth-sparing surgical treatment. While the achieved correction of the major curve was maintained, there was a loss of kyphosis correction with subsequent implant lengthening. Gain in implant length decreased with increasing number of extensions. Conclusion Despite improved patient's comfort, MCGR show a considerable complication rate. Coronal plane deformities can be well controlled, but diminished implant lengthening is already apparent within two years after MCGR implantation. Central databases should help to clarify unresolved aspects and optimize the treatment of these young patients. Level of Evidence IV
A Comprehensive LC-QTOF-MS Metabolic Phenotyping Strategy: Application to Alkaptonuria
Authors: Norman Brendan P , Davison Andrew S , Ross Gordon A , Milan Anna M , Hughes Andrew T , Sutherland Hazel , Jarvis Jonathan C , Roberts Norman B , Gallagher James A , Ranganath Lakshminarayan R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Identification of unknown chemical entities is a major challenge in metabolomics. To address this challenge, we developed a comprehensive targeted profiling strategy, combining 3 complementary liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) techniques and in-house accurate mass retention time (AMRT) databases established from commercial standards. This strategy was used to evaluate the effect of nitisinone on the urinary metabolome of patients and mice with alkaptonuria (AKU). Because hypertyrosinemia is a known consequence of nitisinone therapy, we investigated the wider metabolic consequences beyond hypertyrosinemia.

METHODS
A total of 619 standards (molecular weight, 45–1354 Da) covering a range of primary metabolic pathways were analyzed using 3 liquid chromatography methods—2 reversed phase and 1 normal phase—coupled to QTOF-MS. Separate AMRT databases were generated for the 3 methods, comprising chemical name, formula, theoretical accurate mass, and measured retention time. Databases were used to identify chemical entities acquired from nontargeted analysis of AKU urine: match window theoretical accurate mass ±10 ppm and retention time ±0.3 min.

RESULTS
Application of the AMRT databases to data acquired from analysis of urine from 25 patients with AKU (pretreatment and after 3, 12, and 24 months on nitisinone) and 18 HGD−/− mice (pretreatment and after 1 week on nitisinone) revealed 31 previously unreported statistically significant changes in metabolite patterns and abundance, indicating alterations to tyrosine, tryptophan, and purine metabolism after nitisinone administration.

CONCLUSIONS
The comprehensive targeted profiling strategy described here has the potential of enabling discovery of novel pathways associated with pathogenesis and management of AKU.
Populism, art and the city: An interdisciplinary pedagogy for our time
Authors: Marino Angela , Luger Jason 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Populism on the far left and the far right is reshaping the contemporary city and the urban condition. In this special short-form section, we put forward populism, art and the city as a linked theoretical and methodological framework through the UC Berkeley Global Urban Humanities Initiative. Our conversations brought together new research in urban studies, art, architecture, public policy, and performance studies into what many people described as a decidedly populist age. Following a short introduction, we share a collection of four papers from such conversations that offer ‘focus sites’ from San Francisco to Palm Springs, Hong Kong to Mexico City, with a diverse set of theoretical proposals that branch from our discussions and shared readings in art, populism, and the city.
Risk factors of stunting in children aged 24-59 months
Authors: Manggala Arya Krisna , Kenwa Komang Wiswa Mitra , Kenwa Made Me Lina , Sakti Anak Agung Gede Dwinaldo Putra Jaya , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background Childhood stunting (low height-for-age) still remains a global health problem because it increases the risk of disturbances in growth and development as well as mortality. The prevalence of stunting in Bali is 32.5%, with the highest in Gianyar District at 41%. However, little is known about the risk factors of stunting children in Gianyar.
Objective To investigate the risk factors of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Gianyar.
Methods This cross-sectional study involved 166 children, collected consecutively, aged 24-59 months, who visited the integrated health posts in 13 community health centers in Gianyar District, Bali from September to November 2016. Stunting is defined as -2SD below the WHO height-for-age z-score (HAZ), according to sex. Statistical analyses were done with Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression tests.
Results Of 166 subjects, 37 (22.3%) children were stunted. Multivariate analysis revealed that low paternal education (AOR 2.88; 95%CI 1.10 to 7.55; P=0.031), maternal height less than 150 cm (AOR 7.64; 95%CI 2.03 to 28.74; P=0.003), high risk maternal age (AOR 4.24; 95%CI 1.56 to 11.49; P= 0.005), low birth weight (AOR 5.09; 95%CI 1.03 to 25.31; P=0.047), and low birth length (AOR 9.92; 95%CI 1.84 to 53.51; P=0.008) were strongly associated with stunting.
Conclusion Risk factors for stunting in children are low paternal education, maternal height less than 150 cm, high risk maternal age, low birth weight, and low birth length.
Liver iron overload and hepatic function in children with thalassemia major
Authors: Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia , Iskandar Stephen Diah , Rahmartani Ludi Dhyani , Sekarsari Damayanti 
Published: February 2019

Background Routine blood transfusions and increased intestinal iron absorption lead to iron accumulation in various organs, especially the liver. To date, T2-star magnetic resonance imaging (T2*MRI) is a valuable tool to evaluate iron level in organs.
Objective To assess the degree of liver iron overload among children with thalassemia major (TM) and its possible correlations with hepatic function laboratory values.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The degree of liver iron overload was evaluated by T2*MRI. Assessments of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, and bilirubin levels were done to evaluate liver function.
Results A total of 291 TM children were included in this study. The mean age of subjects was 12 years. Most of the subjects were diagnosed as β-thalassemia homozygote (54.6%) and β-thalassemia/HbE (41.2%). Deferiprone (DFP) was the most commonly used iron chelator. Less than 10% of the subjects had normal liver iron deposition. The AST and ALT values increased proportionally with the severity of liver iron overload, with significant, moderately negative correlation coefficients (r=-0.388 and -0.434, respectively). However, albumin level decreased proportionally with the severity of liver iron overload, with a significant, moderately positive correlation coefficient (r=0.323). Liver T2* MRI had no significant correlations with direct, indirect, and ratio of direct/total bilirubin levels.
Conclusion Most of the children with TM have mild to severe liver iron overload. Liver T2* MRI had significant, moderate correlations with AST, ALT, and albumin values. Bilirubin level has no correlation with T2* MRI. Our findings suggest that monitoring of AST, ALT, and albumin levels is important because they may reflect the severity of liver iron overload. However, they should not be used as the only predictors of iron overload.