bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the effect of gas-to-liquid ratio on the internal and external flows of effervescent atomizers
Authors: Mousavi Milad , Dolatabadi Ali 
Published: June 2018

In an effort to capture the complex evolving interface of internal and external flow in an effervescent atomizer, a compressible Eulerian method, along with the volume-of-fluid method coupled with the large eddy simulation model, are employed in a two-phase flow system. Water is injected into the atomizer with a constant mass flow rate of 0.0133 kg/s (i.e., 800 mL/min). The mass flow rate of air is adjusted to vary the gas-to-liquid ratio (GLR) from 0.55% to 2.6%. It is observed that the increase in the GLR is accompanied by an evolution of the internal flow from a complex bubbly flow to an annular flow, which consequently reduces the liquid film thickness at the discharge orifice. Further studies on the internal pressure illustrate the critical condition, which leads to choked flow and pressure oscillations at the discharge orifice. Increasing the GLR was found to affect the internal flow, resulting in changes to primary atomization parameters such as a shortening of the breakup length and a widening of the spray cone angle. The numerical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results under the same operating conditions.
Effect of ultrasonic impact treatment on surface microstructure and fatigue properties of 6082 aluminum alloy butt joint
Authors: He Bolin , Feng Yaming , Li Li , Chen Zhaoxia 
Published: June 2018

Effect of ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) on microstructure and fatigue properties of the aluminum alloy 6082 was studied at room temperature. The change of microstructure on the surface and the grain size after impact treatment was observed by metallographic microscope and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The residual stress was measured by residual stress tester. The experimental results show that the UIT can lead to obvious plastic deformation layer in the treated surface, and nanocrystals were formed. Compressive residual stress of 50.4 MPa was maximum at the surface after the UIT. With an impact current of 1.0 A and impact time of 2 min, compared with untreated specimens, the fatigue strength of the 6082 aluminum alloy joint increases by about 11.18%. The fracture position for the treated specimen has been changed, the crack initiation is seen in the weld toe surface for the as-welded joint, and the crack initiation in the sub-surface for the treated specimen is comparable to the as-welded joint fatigue.
Evaluation of catgut implantation at acupoints for asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cui Wenqiang , Sun Wenshan , Mao-Ying Qi-Liang , Mi Wenli , Chu Yuxia , Wang Yanqing 
Published: June 2018

Objective: This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of catgut implantation at acupoints (CIA) treating asthma, extracting data from the published clinical trials. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), CNKI, WANFANG and VIP databases were searched up to February 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving CIA or CIA plus conventional medicine treatment (CMT) were selected with CMT as control. We assessed the methodological quality of RCTs using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions. The outcome data of trials were analyzed using RevMan5.3. Results: A total of 12 studies ([Formula: see text]) were included. Most of the included studies were assessed to have high risk of bias with low quality of methodology. CIA application significantly improved the overall therapeutic efficacy ([Formula: see text]) and pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1[Formula: see text]s (FEV1) and FEV1%, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and reduced the overall scores of TCM symptoms ([Formula: see text]). Further, it significantly relieved several TCM symptoms including shortness of breath, chest distress and cough ([Formula: see text]). However, CIA only exerted a protective tendency for expectoration and wheezing without significant difference and had no effects on recurrence rate (all [Formula: see text]). Conclusions: CIA treatment could improve the overall efficacy and pulmonary function and relief several symptoms. However, the evidence remains weak. Rigorous and larger trials will be the basis of the effectiveness and long-term effects of CIA therapies.
The Combination of the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib and the WEE1 Inhibitor AZD1775 as a New Therapeutic Option for Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lallo Alice , Frese Kristopher K. , Morrow Christopher J. , Sloane Robert , Gulati Sakshi , Schenk Maximillian W. , Trapani Francesca , Simms Nicole , Galvin Melanie , Brown Stewart , Hodgkinson Cassandra L. , Priest Lynsey , Hughes Adina , Lai Zhongwu , Cadogan Elaine , Khandelwal Garima , Simpson Kathryn L. , Miller Crispin , Blackhall Fiona , O'Connor Mark J. , Dive Caroline 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Introduced in 1987, platinum-based chemotherapy remains standard of care for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a most aggressive, recalcitrant tumor. Prominent barriers to progress are paucity of tumor tissue to identify drug targets and patient-relevant models to interrogate novel therapies. Following our development of circulating tumor cell patient–derived explants (CDX) as models that faithfully mirror patient disease, here we exploit CDX to examine new therapeutic options for SCLC.
Experimental Design: We investigated the efficacy of the PARP inhibitor olaparib alone or in combination with the WEE1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775 in 10 phenotypically distinct SCLC CDX in vivo and/or ex vivo. These CDX represent chemosensitive and chemorefractory disease including the first reported paired CDX generated longitudinally before treatment and upon disease progression.
Results: There was a heterogeneous depth and duration of response to olaparib/AZD1775 that diminished when tested at disease progression. However, efficacy of this combination consistently exceeded that of cisplatin/etoposide, with cures in one CDX model. Genomic and protein analyses revealed defects in homologous recombination repair genes and oncogenes that induce replication stress (such as MYC family members), predisposed CDX to combined olaparib/AZD1775 sensitivity, although universal predictors of response were not noted.
Conclusions: These preclinical data provide a strong rationale to trial this combination in the clinic informed by prevalent, readily accessed circulating tumor cell–based biomarkers. New therapies will be evaluated in SCLC patients after first-line chemotherapy, and our data suggest that the combination of olaparib/AZD1775 should be used as early as possible and before disease relapse. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5153–64. ©2018 AACR.
Phase I and Biomarker Study of Plerixafor and Bevacizumab in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Lee Eudocia Q. , Duda Dan G. , Muzikansky Alona , Gerstner Elizabeth R. , Kuhn John G. , Reardon David A. , Nayak Lakshmi , Norden Andrew D. , Doherty Lisa , LaFrankie Debra , Stefanik Jennifer , Vardam Trupti , Smith Katrina H. , McCluskey Christine , Gaffey Sarah , Batchelor Tracy T. , Jain Rakesh K. , Wen Patrick Y. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Although antiangiogenic therapy for high-grade glioma (HGG) is promising, responses are not durable. Correlative clinical studies suggest that the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis may mediate resistance to VEGFR inhibition. Preclinical data have demonstrated that plerixafor (a reversible CXCR4 inhibitor) could inhibit glioma progression after anti-VEGF pathway inhibition. We conducted a phase I study to determine the safety of plerixafor and bevacizumab in recurrent HGG.
Patients and Methods: Part 1 enrolled 23 patients with a 3 × 3 dose escalation design to a maximum planned dose of plerixafor 320 μg/kg subcutaneously on days 1 to 21 and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg intravenously on days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were obtained for pharmacokinetic analyses. Plasma and cellular biomarkers were evaluated before and after treatment. Part 2 enrolled 3 patients and was a surgical study to determine plerixafor's penetration in tumor tissue.
Results: In Part 1, no dose-limiting toxicities were seen at the maximum planned dose of plerixafor + bevacizumab. Treatment was well tolerated. After plerixafor 320 μg/kg treatment, the average CSF drug concentration was 26.8 ± 19.6 ng/mL. Plerixafor concentration in resected tumor tissue from patients pretreated with plerixafor was 10 to 12 μg/g. Circulating biomarker data indicated that plerixafor + bevacizumab induces rapid and persistent increases in plasma SDF-1α and placental growth factor. Progression-free survival correlated with pretreatment plasma soluble mesenchymal–epithelial transition receptor and sVEGFR1, and overall survival with the change during treatment in CD34+ progenitor/stem cells and CD8 T cells.
Conclusions: Plerixafor + bevacizumab was well tolerated in HGG patients. Plerixafor distributed to both the CSF and brain tumor tissue, and treatment was associated with biomarker changes consistent with VEGF and CXCR4 inhibition. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4643–9. ©2018 AACR.
Feasibility of Smartphone-Based Testing of Interference in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lee Will , Williams David R. , Evans Andrew 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Interference refers to learned associations and established behaviors “interfering” with response to new material. It forms a core pillar of executive functions, which are commonly affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cognitive interference test (CIT) forms part of a smartphone application designed for ambulatory assessment in PD. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aims of this study were to establish that CIT could effectively demonstrate interference and would perform comparably to the Stroop Color-Word Test Victoria version (VST) despite PD-related motor impairment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ninety-nine patients with PD were recruited. Initial evaluation included CIT, VST, Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA), and Movement Disorders Society-sponsored revision of the ­Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS-III). A group of patients underwent repeat assessment within 2 weeks. Thirty-four healthy controls were recruited for comparison. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients’ mean age was 66.2 years, disease duration was 8.7 years, on-state MDS-UPDRS-III was 22, and MOCA total score was 27. CIT effectively generated interference, whereby the total time taken to complete the incongruent task was 20% longer compared to that of the baseline task. CIT key test items demonstrated convergent validity to VST (<i>r</i> = 0.478–0.644, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001) and satisfactory repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.46–0.808, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0002). Performance on key CIT test parameters deteriorated with increasing age (<i>r</i> = 0.225–0.478, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) and MDS-UPDRS-III total score (<i>r</i> = 0.354–0.481, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). When compared to controls and patients with less motor impairment, patients MDS-UPDRS-III &#x3e; 30 took longer to complete CIT and VST and had lower MOCA-attention sub-score, implying that the degree of motor impairment could not be the sole explanation for reduced CIT performance. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We established that despite motor impairment, the novel approach of using smartphone technology to test interference in PD patients is feasible.
Atrial Fibrillation and Declining Physical Performance in Older Adults
Authors: Magnani Jared W. , Wang Na , Benjamin Emelia J. , Garcia Melissa E. , Bauer Douglas C. , Butler Javed , Ellinor Patrick T. , Kritchevsky Stephen , Marcus Gregory M. , Newman Anne , Phillips Caroline L. , Sasai Hiroyuki , Satterfield Suzanne , Sullivan Lisa M. , Harris Tamara B. 
Published: June 2018

Background—
Age is the foremost risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), and AF has a rising prevalence in older adults. How AF may contribute to decline in physical performance in older adults has had limited investigation. We examined the associations of incident AF and 4-year interval declines in physical performance at ages 70, 74, 78, and 82 years in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.

Methods and Results—

Health ABC is a prospective cohort of community-dwelling older adults (n=3075). The study conducted serial assessments of physical performance with the Health ABC physical performance battery (scored 0–4), grip strength, 2-minute walk distance, and 400-m walking time. Incident AF was identified from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services and related to 4-year interval decline in physical performance. After exclusions, the analysis included 2753 Health ABC participants (52% women, 41% black race). Participants with AF had a significantly greater 4-year physical performance battery decline than those without AF at age 70, 74, 78, and 82, with mean estimated decline ranging from −0.08 to −0.10 U (95% confidence interval, −0.18 to −0.01;
P
<0.05 for all estimates) after multivariable adjustment. Grip strength, walk distance, and walk time similarly showed significantly greater declines at each 4-year age interval in participants with AF.

Conclusions—
In community-based cohort older adults, incident AF was associated with increased risk of decline in physical performance. Further research is essential to identify mechanisms and preventive strategies for how AF may contribute toward declining physical performance in older adults.
Fogones de Fauna: An Experience of Participatory Monitoring of Wildlife in Rural Uruguay
Authors: Bergós Lucía , Grattarola Florencia , Barreneche Juan Manuel , Hernández Daniel , González Solana 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Rural Uruguay is undergoing a long process of transformations that tend to weaken the maintenance of local cultural traits, including society-nature relationships. To preserve these traits and enhance our understanding of these relationships, it is necessary to both strive for the empowering of rural communities and to establish a constructive exchange of knowledge. JULANA (an acronym from the Spanish for “Playing in Nature”) works towards these goals through the dialogue of the different conceptions of nature and society. This work presents an experience in collaborative-learning, the participatory monitoring project named Fogones de Fauna carried out in the village of Paso Centurión, along with reflections on the value of JULANA’s work and education.
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis of the Internal Auditory Canal: A Rare Case of Unilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Muelleman Thomas , Kavookjian Hannah , Lin James , Staecker Hinrich 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: To describe and increase awareness of a rare cause of unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: We present a 66-year-old female who suffered left-sided sudden sensorineural hearing loss and dizziness. Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal masses or lesions along the eighth cranial nerve or in the inner ear. Upon eventual referral to neurotology clinic, hypertrophic pachymeningitis of her left internal auditory canal and adjacent middle and posterior fossa dura were identified. The ensuing laboratory workup for autoimmune and infectious etiology revealed mild elevation of ACE 93 (9-67) but otherwise normal results. Conclusions: Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. Neoplastic, infectious, and autoimmune causes must be ruled out. The prevailing treatment for this condition is high-dose corticosteroids. This entity should be considered when evaluating MRI scans obtained in the setting of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
The Effect of Cognitive Load and Task Complexity on Automation Bias in Electronic Prescribing
Authors: Lyell David , Magrabi Farah , Coiera Enrico 
Published: June 2018

Objective: Determine the relationship between cognitive load (CL) and automation bias (AB). Background: Clinical decision support (CDS) for electronic prescribing can improve safety but introduces the risk of AB, where reliance on CDS replaces vigilance in information seeking and processing. We hypothesized high CL generated by high task complexity would increase AB errors. Method: One hundred twenty medical students prescribed medicines for clinical scenarios using a simulated e-prescribing system in a randomized controlled experiment. Quality of CDS (correct, incorrect, and no CDS) and task complexity (low and high) were varied. CL, omission errors (failure to detect prescribing errors), and commission errors (acceptance of false positive alerts) were measured. Results: Increasing complexity from low to high significantly increased CL, F(1, 118) = 71.6, p < .001. CDS reduced CL in high-complexity conditions compared to no CDS, F(2, 117) = 4.72, p = .015. Participants who made omission errors in incorrect and no CDS conditions exhibited lower CL compared to those who did not, F(1, 636.49) = 3.79, p = .023. Conclusion: Results challenge the notion that AB is triggered by increasing task complexity and associated increases in CL. Omission errors were associated with lower CL, suggesting errors may stem from an insufficient allocation of cognitive resources. Application: This is the first research to examine the relationship between CL and AB. Findings suggest designers and users of CDS systems need to be aware of the risks of AB. Interventions that increase user vigilance and engagement may be beneficial and deserve further investigation.
Psychedelics and hypnosis: Commonalities and therapeutic implications
Authors: Lemercier Clément E , Terhune Devin B 
Published: June 2018

Background: Recent research on psychedelics and hypnosis demonstrates the value of both methods in the treatment of a range of psychopathologies with overlapping applications and neurophenomenological features. The potential of harnessing the power of suggestion to influence the phenomenological response to psychedelics toward more therapeutic action has remained unexplored in recent research and thereby warrants empirical attention. Aims: Here we aim to elucidate the phenomenological and neurophysiological similarities and dissimilarities between psychedelic states and hypnosis in order to revisit how contemporary knowledge may inform their conjunct usage in psychotherapy. Methods: We review recent advances in phenomenological and neurophysiological research on psychedelics and hypnosis, and we summarize early investigations on the coupling of psychedelics and hypnosis in scientific and therapeutic contexts. Results/outcomes: We highlight commonalities and differences between psychedelics and hypnosis that point to the potential efficacy of combining the two in psychotherapy. We propose multiple research paths for coupling these two phenomena at different stages in the preparation, acute phase and follow-up of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy in order to prepare, guide and integrate the psychedelic experience with the aim of enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions/interpretation: Harnessing the power of suggestion to modulate response to psychedelics could enhance their therapeutic efficacy by helping to increase the likelihood of positive responses, including mystical-type experiences.
Isoflurane decreases interleukin-2 production by increasing c-Cbl and Cbl-b expression in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Choi Ji Won , Shin Byung Seop 
Published: June 2018

Objective To evaluate how isoflurane affects T-cell function by assaying interleukin (IL)-2 production and the expression of two Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family proto-oncogenes (c-Cbl and Cbl-b) in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to those that underwent blood collection after brief isoflurane anesthesia (control group), immediately after 4 hours of isoflurane general anesthesia (4I group), and 1 day after 4 hours of isoflurane general anesthesia (1D 4I group). IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 mRNA levels and c-Cbl and Cbl-b levels in PBMCs were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Ubiquitination of protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) and phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) in PBMCs was assessed by immunoprecipitation. Results The IL-2 mRNA level in rat PBMCs was significantly lower in the 4I and 1D 4I groups than in the control group. c-Cbl, Cbl-b, and ubiquitin expression was significantly increased and zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70, PLC-γ1, and PKCθ protein levels were significantly decreased in the 4I group. Ubiquitination of PLC-γ1 and PKCθ was significantly increased in the 4I group. Conclusion Isoflurane influences ubiquitin, c-Cbl, and Cbl-b expression in rat PBMCs, indicating suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. These results suggest that isoflurane suppresses T-cell function.
Association between cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction and the severity of coronary lesions in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Chen Yafei , Yu Yijun , Zou Wusong , Zhang Mingjing , Wang Yuting , Gu Ye 
Published: June 2018

Objective Autonomic dysfunction is recognized in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and is related to worse cardiovascular outcome. This study aimed to evaluate cardiac autonomic nervous function by heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV), and demonstrate their relationship with the severity of coronary lesions in patients with stable CAD (SCAD). Methods Consecutive patients without CAD (controls, n = 65) and those with SCAD (n = 63) were included in this study. Patients with SCAD were further divided into single- or two-/three-vessel disease, as well as <70% or ≥70% stenosis subgroups. The association between HRR/HRV and coronary lesions was analysed. Results HRR and HRV values were significantly lower in the SCAD group compared with the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal HRR and HRV were risk factors of SCAD. Moreover, delayed HRR was a risk factor of the severity of coronary lesions. Conclusions Our results show that autonomic function is impaired in patients with SCAD and delayed HRR is closely related to the severity of coronary lesions.
CSR disclosure and financial performance revisited: A cross-country analysis
Authors: Beck Cornelia , Frost Geoffrey , Jones Stewart 
Published: June 2018

The relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP) has been the subject of intensive research. However, limitations with this literature include the use of localised samples, poorly specified control variables and self-constructed CSR disclosure measures that may not represent a firm’s actual CSR performance. Answering the call for ‘better’ CSR research in this field, as well as extending research to a cross-country analysis, this study examines the relationship between corporate CSR engagement (measured by diversity in voluntary disclosure practices) and financial performance across three reporting jurisdictions: Australia, Hong Kong and the United Kingdom. We use the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework to rate companies on their CSR engagement and control for actual CSR performance using the Vigeo-Eiris CSR sustainability ratings as the proxy measure. Based on a sample of 116 large public companies, we find evidence that CSR engagement can be indicative of actual CSR performance. We also find evidence of a significant relationship between CSR engagement and financial performance, even after controlling for the CSR performance proxy, firm size, industry-level fixed effects, financial risk and type of assurer. The results appear to be robust across national reporting jurisdictions and alternative CSR metrics constructed from the CSR engagement measure. JEL classification: M41, M14