bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wo sich Geister scheiden
Authors: Maier Julia 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungPhysician Assistants (PA) versorgen Wunden, schreiben Entlassbriefe und assistieren im OP. Dadurch entlasten sie Ärzte, die sich wieder auf ihre Kernkompetenzen
konzentrieren können. Die Zahl der Absolventen steigt, ihre Jobaussichten sind gut – unter den Absolventen sind auch viele Pflegende. Trotzdem sind die
Meinungen sehr gespalten.
Pflegefachmann/-frau ab 2020
Authors: Kutschke Thomas 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungEnde Juni hat der Bundestag die „Ausbildungs- und Prüfungsverordnung für die Pflegeberufe“ verabschiedet. Damit ist der Weg frei für die neue gemeinsame
Ausbildung von Alten-, Kranken- und Kinderkrankenpflege. Alle wichtigen Infos lesen Sie hier in unserem Schwerpunkt.
Percutaneous Osteosynthesis with Headless Cannulated Screws in the Treatment of Metacarpal and Proximal and Middle Phalanxes Fractures of the Hand
Authors: Carrera Casal Oscar , Rivera Vegas María , Estefanía Díez Miguel , García Cano Pilar , Maya Gonzalez Javier , Nevado Sanchez Endika 
Published: December 2018

Introduction There is a high incidence of hand fractures, and a high percentage of them require surgical treatment. The functional result depends, to a large extent, on the technique used. The use of retrograde intramedullary screws allows for early mobilization and minimal dissection of soft tissues. The objective of the present study is to analyze the clinical results and complications with this type of osteosynthesis.
Methods A total of 96 fractures in 81 patients were analyzed. There were 62 metacarpal fractures, 60% of which involved the 5th finger, 29% involved the 4th, 5% involved the 3rd, and 6% involved the 2nd finger. There were 34 fractures of the phalanxes, 27 of which (79.5%) involved the proximal phalanx, and 20.5% involved the middle phalanx. The range of active mobility, the time spent at work, and intraoperative complications were assessed.
Results The average active mobility obtained was 260° (230–270°). Patients resumed their normal activity within an average time of 5 weeks (between 3 and 32 weeks). There was a 6% rate of intraoperative complications and a 13% rate of postoperative complications in the metacarpals, and an 8% rate of intraoperative complications and 11% of postoperative complications in the phalanxes.
Conclusion The use of cannulated screws is a safe and effective option for the treatment of different types of fractures, obtaining a good range of mobility, early reintegration, and with an acceptable number of complications.
Collateral Uterine Arterial Supply in the Setting of Various Uterine Pathologies
Authors: Boone Christine , Koethe Yilun , Kohi Maureen , Lehrman Evan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn most patients, bilateral uterine arteries supply the uterus exclusively. However, collateral arterial supply to the uterus has been described, predominantly in the context of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for fibroid treatment. This may lead to incomplete embolization, which can impact clinical outcomes. Therefore, identification of potential collateral supply to the uterus is essential for achieving optimal clinical results. The authors report three cases of collateral uterine arterial supply from the ovarian and round ligament arteries in the setting of uterine arteriovenous fistula (uAVF), postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and symptomatic fibroids. Aortography from the level of the renal arteries was performed for initial evaluation of uterine arterial supply in all patients and identified hypertrophied, tortuous ovarian artery collaterals. Selective angiography of the external iliac artery was required to identify round ligament collateral uterine supply. Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CT) was also used to visualize vascular distribution of bilateral uterine arteries and an ovarian collateral feeding a uAVF. In regard to outcomes, identification of collateral uterine arterial supply allowed for single-session complete embolization in fibroid patients with collateralized round ligament or ovarian arteries and in the PPH patient in disseminated intravascular coagulation with predominantly ovarian artery supply to the uterus. Identification of collateral uterine arterial supply facilitated technical success in all patients. In the setting of various uterine pathologies, identification of collateral uterine arterial supply is essential to optimize clinical success of UAE.
Deconstruction of the Surgical Approach to the Jugular Foramen Region: Anatomical Study
Authors: Basma Jaafar , Michael L. Madison , Sorenson Jeffrey M. , Robertson Jon H. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Introduction The jugular foramen occupies a complex and deep location between the skull base and the distal-lateral-cervical region. We propose a morphometric anatomical model to deconstruct its surgical anatomy and offer various quantifiable target-guided exposures and angles-of-attack.
Methods Six cadaveric heads (12 sides) were dissected using a combined postauricular infralabyrinthine and distal transcervical approach with additional anterior transstyloid and posterior far lateral exposures. We identified anatomical landmarks and combined new and previously described contiguous triangles to expose the region; we defined the jugular and deep condylar triangles. Angles-of-attack to the jugular foramen were measured after removing the digastric muscle, styloid process, rectus capitis lateralis, and occipital condyle.
Results Removing the digastric muscle and styloid process allowed 86.4° laterally and 85.5° anteriorly, respectively. Resecting the rectus capitis lateralis and jugular process provided the largest angle-of-attack (108.4° posteriorly). The occipital condyle can be drilled in the deep condylar triangle only adding 30.4° medially. A purely lateral approach provided a total of 280.3°. Cutting the jugular ring and mobilizing the vein can further expand the medial exposure.
Conclusion The microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen can be deconstructed using a morphometric model, permitting a surgical approach customized to the pathology of interest.
Attraktiv mit Abitur: grundständiges Pflegestudium
Authors: Kutschke Thomas 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie hochschulische Pflegeausbildung wird zu größeren Veränderungen führen, als
dies heute absehbar ist. Grund: Die Diskussionen über die Generalistik überschatten alles.
Lesen Sie hier mehr über die Einschätzung unseres Experten.
Die Pflege im Fokus
Authors: Henke Martina 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Kompetenzorientierte Personalentwicklung ist ein immer wichtiger werdendes Thema im Gesundheitswesen. Die Sana Kliniken möchten mit dem neuen Bereich
„Unternehmensstrategie Pflege“ die größte Berufsgruppe im Krankenhaus aufwerten und für die Zukunft stärken.
Pflegestärkungsgesetze
Authors: Weiß Erhard 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Veränderungsprozesse, die die Umsetzung der Pflegestärkungsgesetze mit sich bringen, verbunden mit der nahenden generalistischen Pflegeausbildung stoßen
nicht nur auf Wohlgefallen. Die Unsicherheit der Beteiligten ist groß.
Flexibilität (fast) ohne Grenzen
Authors: Fastenmeier Heribert 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDas flexible Arbeitszeitmodell bietet Freiräume: Wer will, kann viele
Nacht- und Wochenenddienste machen, im Ein-Schicht-Modell arbeiten oder auch mal
einen Monat aussetzen.
Nicht schneller pflegen, sondern anders
Authors: Lohmann Heinz 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung„Improvisationstheater Krankenhaus“ nennt Heinz Lohmann das, was er in deutschen
Krankenhäusern erlebt. Oft müssten Pflegende und Ärzte reagieren, statt selbst
zu agieren - nach definierten Workflows. Wie das gelingen soll, lesen Sie
auf den nächsten Seiten.
Routinedaten auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Behrendt Daniel 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungMehr als 400.000 Deutsche leiden unter einem Dekubitus. Seit 10 Jahren sind Krankenhäuser gesetzlich verpflichtet, eine Qualitätsmessung und
Datenvalidierung zur Dekubitusprophylaxe durchzuführen. Diese birgt jedoch Probleme.
Leadership in der Pflege
Authors: Eberhardt Doris 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Klinikum Neumarkt setzt auf eine systematische Praxisentwicklung, um evidenzbasierte und personenzentrierte Pflege zu
ermöglichen. Dafür braucht es Führungskräfte, die fähig sind, ein förderndes Klima zu schaffen – zum Beispiel durch
Leadershipkompetenzen. Hier der theoretische Background.
Entlastung für die Pflege?
Authors: Zander Britta , Busse Reinhard 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschlands Kliniken gelten ab 2019 verbindliche Untergrenzen für die Personalausstattung in
„pflegesensitiven Bereichen“. Dass in den Krankenhäusern eine prekäre Situation erreicht ist, zeigt
auch die Neuauflage der RN4Cast-Studie.
Is vitality assessment important in neonatal animals?
Authors: Mota-Rojas D. , López A. , Martínez-Burnes J. , Muns R. , Villanueva-García D. , Mora-Medina P. , González-Lozano M. , Olmos-Hernández A. , Ramírez-Necoechea R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Labour challenges the newborn to adapt to extrauterine life and survive the troublesome neonatal period. Low vitality is a recurrent problem in veterinary perinatology, and several factors can directly or indirectly culminate in neonatal death. One prime determinant of low vitality in animals is foetal hypoxia resulting from prolonged labour or dystocia. Factors such as foetal acidosis, metabolic and electrolyte imbalances, and asphyxia can quickly lead to neonatal death, while others are a consequence of low vitality in which the weak neonate cannot reach the teat and feed, thermoregulate, or breathe because of airway obstruction by meconium. Neonatal hypoxia can also lead to a failure of passive transfer and neonatal infections. The birth weight, the age of the dam, the size of the litter, and parity are also relevant vitality determinants. Scoring systems, similar to the Apgar score used with human babies, have been modified in veterinary neonatology to identify low vitality neonates in need of medical intervention. This review focuses on the vitality assessments and risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in puppies, calves and piglets. Also reviewed is the relationship of umbilical cord morphology and hypoxia with the premature passing of meconium into the amniotic sac and subsequent aspiration into the lungs. Veterinary literature shows a need to improve Apgar scores in animals by using blood gases and other clinical and laboratory tests. Also, it is necessary to better train veterinarians and personnel to identify low vitality neonates and when necessary to implement a rapid medical intervention.
Electrocardiographic ST-T Area Assessed by a Computerized Quantitative Method and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Events: The J-HOP Study
Authors: Hoshide Satoshi , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Yoneyama Tatsuya , Fukatani Kyohei , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although many studies have reported that the presence of minor or major ST-T change of electrocardiography (ECG) was associated with a risk of cardiovascular events, it is not clear whether there is a difference in the prognostic power depending on the summation of ST-T area (ST-Tarea) assessed by a quantitative method.

METHODS
Electrocardiograms were performed in 834 clinical patients with one or more cardiovascular risks. ST-Tarea was assessed as the area enclosed by the baseline from the end of the QRS complex to the end of the ST-T segment using a computerized quantitative method. We used the lower magnitude of ST-Tarea in the V5 or V6 lead for the analysis.

RESULTS
After a mean follow-up 8.4 ± 2.9 years (7,001 person-years), there were 92 cardiovascular events. With adjustment for covariates, the results from Cox proportional hazards models (Model 1) suggested that the lowest quartile of ST-Tarea was associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular outcome compared with the remaining quartile groups (hazard ratio, 2.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.36–3.16, P &lt; 0.01). Even when adding the ECG left ventricular hypertrophy by Cornell voltage (Model 2) and Cornell product (Model 3) to Model 1, the significance remained (both P &lt; 0.01). When we used ST-Tarea as a continuous variable substitute for the lowest quartile of ST-Tarea, these associations were similar in all models (all P &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSION
The lower summations of ST-T area assessed by a computerized quantitative method were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease incidence in a clinical population.
Nonlinear Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Glaucoma in US Adults
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Choi BongKyoo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported that vascular disease is associated with glaucoma. However, the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and glaucoma has been inconsistent. We investigated whether there is a nonlinear association between BP and glaucoma in an adult population of the United States.

METHODS
From the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 4,137 participants aged 40 years and older were chosen. BP was assessed based on a standard protocol. Glaucoma was determined using fundus photographs. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty, antihypertensive medication, and history of cardiovascular disease were also considered in analyses.

RESULTS
The prevalence of glaucoma was 1.2%. In the multivariate analysis, both high (≥161 mm Hg) and low (≤110 mm Hg) levels of systolic BP were found to be positively associated with glaucoma in those without antihypertensive medications: their prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) for glaucoma were 6.42 (1.01–40.81) and 5.46 (1.77–16.53), respectively, when compared to the reference levels of systolic BP (111–120 mm Hg). Also, both high (≥91 mm Hg) and low (≤60 mm Hg) levels of diastolic BP were positively associated with glaucoma in those without antihypertensive medications. The prevalence of glaucoma was lowest in those having systolic BP levels of 111–120 mm Hg and diastolic BP levels of 81–90 mm Hg. However, there were no such U-shaped relationships in those with antihypertensive medications.

CONCLUSIONS
There was a nonlinear (U-shaped) relationship between BP and the glaucoma in those without antihypertensive medications. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings, including the optimal BP levels for the prevention of glaucoma.
Seven Versus 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yahav Dafna , Franceschini Erica , Koppel Fidi , Turjeman Adi , Babich Tanya , Bitterman Roni , Neuberger Ami , Ghanem-Zoubi Nesrin , Santoro Antonella , Eliakim-Raz Noa , Pertzov Barak , Steinmetz Tali , Stern Anat , Dickstein Yaakov , Maroun Elias , Zayyad Hiba , Bishara Jihad , Alon Danny , Edel Yonatan , Goldberg Elad , Venturelli Claudia , Mussini Cristina , Leibovici Leonard , Paul Mical ,   Bacteremia Duration Study Group
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundGram-negative bacteremia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Data to guide the duration of antibiotic therapy are limited.MethodsThis was a randomized, multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial. Inpatients with gram-negative bacteremia, who were afebrile and hemodynamically stable for at least 48 hours, were randomized to receive 7 days (intervention) or 14 days (control) of covering antibiotic therapy. Patients with uncontrolled focus of infection were excluded. The primary outcome at 90 days was a composite of all-cause mortality; relapse, suppurative, or distant complications; and readmission or extended hospitalization (>14 days). The noninferiority margin was set at 10%.ResultsWe included 604 patients (306 intervention, 298 control) between January 2013 and August 2017 in 3 centers in Israel and Italy. The source of the infection was urinary in 411 of 604 patients (68%); causative pathogens were mainly Enterobacteriaceae (543/604 [90%]). A 7-day difference in the median duration of covering antibiotics was achieved. The primary outcome occurred in 140 of 306 patients (45.8%) in the 7-day group vs 144 of 298 (48.3%) in the 14-day group (risk difference, –2.6% [95% confidence interval, –10.5% to 5.3%]). No significant differences were observed in all other outcomes and adverse events, except for a shorter time to return to baseline functional status in the short-course therapy arm.ConclusionsIn patients hospitalized with gram-negative bacteremia achieving clinical stability before day 7, an antibiotic course of 7 days was noninferior to 14 days. Reducing antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia to 7 days is an important antibiotic stewardship intervention.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT01737320.
Detection of Immunoglobulin G1 Against rK39 Improves Monitoring of Treatment Outcomes in Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Mollett Guy , Bremer Hinckel Bruno C , Bhattacharyya Tapan , Marlais Tegwen , Singh Om Prakash , Mertens Pascal , Falconar Andrew K , El-Safi Sayda , Sundar Shyam , Miles Michael A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, is a fatal, neglected tropical disease that is targeted for elimination in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Improved diagnostic tests are required for early case detection and for monitoring the outcomes of treatments. Previous investigations using Leishmania lysate antigen demonstrated that the immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 response is a potential indicator of a patient’s clinical status after chemotherapy.

Methods
IgG1 or IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with rK39 or lysate antigens and novel IgG1 rK39 rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were assessed with Indian VL serum samples from the following clinical groups: paired pre- and postchemotherapy (deemed cured); relapsed; other infectious diseases; and endemic, healthy controls.

Results
With paired pre- and post-treatment samples (n = 37 pairs), ELISAs with rK39- and IgG1-specific conjugates gave a far more discriminative decrease in post-treatment antibody responses when compared to IgG (P < .0001). Novel IgG1 rK39 RDTs provided strong evidence for decreased IgG1 responses in patients who had successful treatment (P < .0001). Furthermore, both IgG1 rK39 RDTs (n = 38) and ELISAs showed a highly significant difference in test outcomes between cured patients and those who relapsed (n = 23; P < .0001). RDTs were more sensitive than corresponding ELISAs.

Conclusions
We present strong evidence for the use of IgG1 in monitoring treatment outcomes in VL, and the first use of an IgG1-based RDT using the rK39 antigen for the discrimination of post-treatment cure versus relapse in VL. Such an RDT may have a significant role in monitoring patients and in targeted control and elimination of this devastating disease.
Genome of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida, Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), a worldwide parasite of social bee colonies, provides insights into detoxification and herbivory
Authors: Evans Jay D , McKenna Duane , Scully Erin , Cook Steven C , Dainat Benjamin , Egekwu Noble , Grubbs Nathaniel , Lopez Dawn , Lorenzen Marcé D , Reyna Steven M , Rinkevich Frank D , Neumann Peter , Huang Qiang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
The small hive beetle (Aethina tumida; ATUMI) is an invasive parasite of bee colonies. ATUMI feeds on both fruits and bee nest products, facilitating its spread and increasing its impact on honey bees and other pollinators. We have sequenced and annotated the ATUMI genome, providing the first genomic resources for this species and for the Nitidulidae, a beetle family that is closely related to the extraordinarily species-rich clade of beetles known as the Phytophaga. ATUMI thus provides a contrasting view as a neighbor for one of the most successful known animal groups.

Results
We present a robust genome assembly and a gene set possessing 97.5% of the core proteins known from the holometabolous insects. The ATUMI genome encodes fewer enzymes for plant digestion than the genomes of wood-feeding beetles but nonetheless shows signs of broad metabolic plasticity. Gustatory receptors are few in number compared to other beetles, especially receptors with known sensitivity (in other beetles) to bitter substances. In contrast, several gene families implicated in detoxification of insecticides and adaptation to diverse dietary resources show increased copy numbers. The presence and diversity of homologs involved in detoxification differ substantially from the bee hosts of ATUMI.

Conclusions
Our results provide new insights into the genomic basis for local adaption and invasiveness in ATUMI and a blueprint for control strategies that target this pest without harming their honey bee hosts. A minimal set of gustatory receptors is consistent with the observation that, once a host colony is invaded, food resources are predictable. Unique detoxification pathways and pathway members can help identify which treatments might control this species even in the presence of honey bees, which are notoriously sensitive to pesticides.
The draft genomes of five agriculturally important African orphan crops
Authors: Chang Yue , Liu Huan , Liu Min , Liao Xuezhu , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Fu Yuan , Song Bo , Cheng Shifeng , Kariba Robert , Muthemba Samuel , Hendre Prasad S , Mayes Sean , Ho Wai Kuan , Yssel Anna E J , Kendabie Presidor , Wang Sibo , Li Linzhou , Muchugi Alice , Jamnadass Ramni , Lu Haorong , Peng Shufeng , Van Deynze Allen , Simons Anthony , Yana-Shapiro Howard , Van de Peer Yves , Xu Xun , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Liu Xin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
The expanding world population is expected to double the worldwide demand for food by 2050. Eighty-eight percent of countries currently face a serious burden of malnutrition, especially in Africa and south and southeast Asia. About 95% of the food energy needs of humans are fulfilled by just 30 species, of which wheat, maize, and rice provide the majority of calories. Therefore, to diversify and stabilize the global food supply, enhance agricultural productivity, and tackle malnutrition, greater use of neglected or underutilized local plants (so-called orphan crops, but also including a few plants of special significance to agriculture, agroforestry, and nutrition) could be a partial solution.

Results
Here, we present draft genome information for five agriculturally, biologically, medicinally, and economically important underutilized plants native to Africa: Vigna subterranea, Lablab purpureus, Faidherbia albida, Sclerocarya birrea, and Moringa oleifera. Assembled genomes range in size from 217 to 654 Mb. In V. subterranea, L. purpureus, F. albida, S. birrea, and M. oleifera, we have predicted 31,707, 20,946, 28,979, 18,937, and 18,451 protein-coding genes, respectively. By further analyzing the expansion and contraction of selected gene families, we have characterized root nodule symbiosis genes, transcription factors, and starch biosynthesis-related genes in these genomes.

Conclusions
These genome data will be useful to identify and characterize agronomically important genes and understand their modes of action, enabling genomics-based, evolutionary studies, and breeding strategies to design faster, more focused, and predictable crop improvement programs.