bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Components in the P300:Don’t forget the Novelty P3!
Authors: Barry Robert J. , Steiner Genevieve Z. , De Blasio Frances M. , Fogarty Jack S. , Karamacoska Diana , MacDonald Brett 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study investigated stimulus‐response patterns of temporal principal components analysis (PCA)–derived event‐related potential (ERP) components in a classical auditory habituation paradigm with long interstimulus intervals. The skin conductance response (SCR) was included as the “gold standard” model of the Orienting Reflex. Thirty participants were presented with a single series of 10 identical 60 dB tones, followed by a change trial at a different frequency. Single‐trial, electrooculography‐corrected ERPs were submitted to temporal PCA. The main focus was on the components expected in the P300/Late Positive Complex (LPC), and their electromagnetic tomography–derived cortical sources. Nine components were identified between 90 and 470 ms poststimulus (in temporal order): three N1 subcomponents, P2, four LPC components, and a negative Slow Wave (SW). The expected order of P3a, P3b, Novelty P3 (nP3), and positive Slow Wave (+SW) in the LPC was confirmed. SCR demonstrated strong exponential decay and recovery. P3b and nP3 each showed exponential decrement over trials, but only nP3 showed recovery at the change trial. Novelty effects failed to reach significance for the other LPC components, and were not apparent in non‐LPC components. Frontal lobe activity in Brodmann areas 6, 8, and 9 was common to P3a, P3b, nP3, and +SW, consistent with the functional integration of these components in the LPC. Individual components had specific sources, although some sources overlapped between components or were reactivated later in the LPC. These data provide a fresh perspective on the components of the LPC and their cortical sources, and offer a processing model for the P300 in a habituation task, potentially generalizable to other paradigms.
Assigning Refugees to Landlords in Sweden: Efficient, Stable, and Maximum Matchings*
Authors: Andersson Tommy , Ehlers Lars 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the problem of finding housing for refugees once they have been granted asylum. In particular, we demonstrate that market design can play an important role in a partial solution to the problem. More specifically, we investigate a specific matching system, and we propose an easy‐to‐implement mechanism that finds an efficient, stable, and maximum matching. Such a matching guarantees that housing is efficiently provided to a maximum number of refugees, and that no refugee prefers another specific landlord to their current match when, at the same time, that specific landlord prefers that refugee to their own current match.
A Head‐to‐Head Comparison of Augmented Wealth in Germany and the United States*
Authors: Bönke Timm , Grabka Markus M. , Schröder Carsten , Wolff Edward N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examine the composition of augmented household wealth (i.e., the sum of net worth and pension wealth) in the United States and Germany. Pension wealth makes up a considerable portion of household wealth, of about 48 percent in the United States and 61 percent in Germany. When pension wealth is included in household wealth, the Gini coefficient falls from 0.889 to 0.700 in the United States, and from 0.755 to 0.508 in Germany. If the wealth shares in Germany were the same as in the United States, this would lead to a 12.6 percent increase in the Gini coefficient in the augmented wealth distribution in Germany.
Soil compaction caused by harvesting, skidding and wood processing in eucalyptus forests on coarse‐textured tropical soils
Authors: Tassinari Diego , Andrade Maria luiza de Carvalho , Dias Junior Moacir de Souza , Martins Ricardo Previdente , Rocha Wellington Willian , Pais Paula Sant’ Anna Moreira , de Souza Zélio Resende 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEucalyptus forests play a major role in the world economy, providing raw materials for different purposes. In planted forests, harvest operations performed by heavy machinery may cause severe soil compaction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a full‐tree harvesting system in planted eucalyptus forests from Northeastern Brazil. Different soils were evaluated (two Hapludults and one Haplorthod) in two horizons (BA and Bt). We tested different equipment, namely feller buncher, skidder (with traffic intensities of 3, 6, 12 and 16 passes), flail (at different ground‐contact points), grapple saw and loader. The soil physical attributes reflected not only the impact of equipment traffic but also the intrinsic differences between the soils. Bulk density (ranging from 1.36 to 1.80 t m−3 after trafficking) related well to soil class and horizon. Precompression stress (ranging from 203 to 430 kPa) and degree of compaction (76%–94%) following trafficking were well correlated, while increase in bulk density (reaching a maximum of 20%) related more strongly to soil moisture. A contingency table was constructed with the number of compacted samples and further examined by correspondence analysis. Compaction varied according to soil, horizon and equipment, indicating that machine–soil interactions are very specific and demand detailed research under different conditions. The Haplorthod experienced the greatest amount of compaction, whereas the Hapludult‐2 was more resistant (60% and 25% of compacted samples, respectively). The grapple saw and the skidder at higher traffic intensities (12 and 16 passes) exerted the highest mechanical impacts (81% and 67% of compacted samples, respectively).
Prosodic Noun Incorporation: The Relationship between Prosody and Argument Structure in Niuean
Authors: Clemens Lauren 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper argues for a uniform X0‐raising analysis of VSO and VOS word order in Niuean. Accounting for VSO via X0raising has a strong foundation in the V1 literature; the claim that X0raising can also underlie VOS word order—as in Niuean's pseudo‐noun‐incorporation construction—is more controversial. This paper explains the VOS order of Niuean pseudo noun incorporation by appealing to a condition on prosodic well‐formedness,Argument‐φ, that requires a head and its internal argument(s) to form a unique phonological phrase. In order to satisfy this requirement, the incorporated argument undergoes prosodic restructuring into a position adjacent to the verb at PF. Since the verb arrives at its clause‐initial position via X0raising, the syntactic input to the prosodic grammar is VSO, while the prosodic output is VOS.
Transfusion of pathogen‐reduced platelet components without leukoreduction
Authors: Sim Joycelyn , Tsoi Wai Chiu , Lee Cheuk Kwong , Leung Rock , Lam Clarence C. K. , Koontz Claudia , Liu Amy Yingjie , Huang Norman , Benjamin Richard J , Vermeij Hans J. , Stassinopoulos Adonis , Corash Laurence , Lie Albert K. W. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDLeukoreduction (LR) of platelet concentrate (PC) has evolved as the standard to mitigate risks of alloimmunization, clinical refractoriness, acute transfusion reactions (ATRs), and cytomegalovirus infection, but does not prevent transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GVHD). Amotosalen–ultraviolet A pathogen reduction (A‐PR) of PC reduces risk of transfusion‐transmitted infection and TA‐GVHD. In vitro data indicate that A‐PR effectively inactivates WBCs and infectious pathogens.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA sequential cohort study evaluated A‐PR without LR, gamma irradiation, and bacterial screening in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. The first cohort received conventional PC (control) processed without LR, but with gamma irradiation and bacterial screening. The second cohort received A‐PR PC (test) processed without: LR, bacterial screening, or gamma irradiation. The primary efficacy outcome was the 1‐hour corrected count increment. The primary safety outcome was treatment‐emergent ATR. Secondary outcomes included clinical refractoriness, and 100‐day status for engraftment, TA‐GVHD, HSCT‐GVHD, infections, and mortality.RESULTSMean corrected count increment (× 103) of 33 test PC recipients was similar (18.9 ± 8.8 vs. 16.6 ± 8.4; p = 0.296) to that of 31 control PC recipients. Test recipients had a reduced, but nonsignificant, incidence of ATR (test = 9.1%, Control = 19.4%; p = 0.296). The frequencies of clinical refractoriness (0 of 33 vs. 4 of 31 patients) and refractory transfusions (6.6% vs. 19.3%) were lower in the test cohort (p = 0.05 and 0.02), respectively. No patient in either cohort had TA‐GVHD. Day 100 engraftment, HSCT‐GVHD, mortality, and infectious disease complications were similar between cohorts.CONCLUSIONSThis study indicated that A‐PR PC without LR, gamma irradiation, or bacterial screening is feasible for support of HSCT.
Surface coating of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes with zwitterionic 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐l‐alanine (l‐DOPA) for forward osmosis
Authors: Saki Seda , Uzal Nigmet 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo overcome low permeability and fouling problems of membranes used in FO processes, modification is needed to improve the hydrophilicity, permeability and selectivity of membranes. In this work, thin film composite (TFC) commercial polyamide RO membranes (BW30‐LE, SW30‐HR, AG and AC) were functionalized with zwitterionic l‐DOPA. The effect of l‐DOPA on the morphology of membranes was determined via SEM, FT‐IR, AFM and contact angle analysis. The l‐DOPA modified BW30‐LE membrane showed excellent properties with 46° contact angle and 3.8 L/m2hbar water permeability and 0.83 L/m2h salt permeability. Although, l‐DOPA modified BW30‐LE membrane had the highest water flux and hydrophilicity, l‐DOPA modified SW30‐HR membrane showed higher FO flux with 9.38 L/m2h than BW 30 membrane with 3.5 L/m2h at 50 g/L NaCl draw solution. Introducing hydroxyl and carboxyl ionic groups on the membrane surface with l‐DOPA coating enhanced the FO performance and water permeability which provide a new insight in FO applications.
Preclinical evaluation of a novel silver gelling fiber dressing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a porcine wound infection model
Authors: Davis Stephen C. , Li Jie , Gil Joel , Head Cheyanne , Valdes Jose , Glinos George D. , Solis Michael , Higa Alexander , Pastar Irena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe wound environment is a fertile ground for biofilm forming pathogens. Once biofilms form within the wound, they can be very challenging to eradicate. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a gelling fiber dressing with silver using a well‐established porcine wound biofilm model. Deep partial thickness wounds were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27312 and covered with a polyurethane film dressing to promote biofilm formation. Wounds were then divided into treatment groups: gelling fiber dressing with silver, gelling fiber dressing without silver, hydrofiber dressing with silver, benzethonium chloride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and compared to untreated control. Microbiological, biofilm, and histological wound assessments were performed on days 3, 5, and 7 postinfection. Treatment with gelling fiber dressing with silver resulted in significant reduction of P. aeruginosa biofilm when compared to all other treatment groups on every assessment time point. In addition, gelling fiber dressing with silver treatment resulted in detachment of biofilm from the wound, while wounds treated with gelling fiber dressing with and without silver showed more granulation tissue formation on day 3. Our data show that a new gelling fiber dressing with silver was effective in reducing biofilm associated P. aeruginosa in vivo. This study may have important clinical implications especially for wounds heavily colonized with gram‐negative biofilm‐forming bacteria.
Mechanical‐ventilatory responses to peak and ventilation‐matched upper‐ versus lower‐body exercise in normal subjects
Authors: Tiller Nicholas B. , Campbell Ian G. , Romer Lee M. 
Published: March 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
To what extent are the mechanical‐ventilatory responses to upper‐body exercise influenced by task‐specific locomotor mechanics?

What is the main finding and its importance?
When compared with lower‐body exercise performed at similar ventilations, upper‐body exercise was characterized by tidal volume constraint, dynamic lung hyperinflation and an increased propensity towards neuromechanical uncoupling of the respiratory system. Importantly, these responses were independent of respiratory dysfunction and flow limitation. Thus, the mechanical ventilatory responses to upper‐body exercise are attributable, in part, to task‐specific locomotor mechanics (i.e. non‐respiratory loading of the thorax).

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the mechanical ventilatory responses to upper‐body exercise are influenced by task‐specific locomotor mechanics. Eight healthy men (mean ± SD: age, 24 ± 5 years; mass, 74 ± 11 kg; and stature, 1.79 ± 0.07 m) completed two maximal exercise tests, on separate days, comprising 4 min stepwise increments of 15 W during upper‐body exercise (arm‐cranking) or 30 W during lower‐body exercise (leg‐cycling). The tests were repeated at work rates calculated to elicit 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the peak ventilation achieved during arm‐cranking (). Exercise measures included pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange, oesophageal pressure‐derived indices of respiratory mechanics, operating lung volumes and expiratory flow limitation. Subjects exhibited normal resting pulmonary function. Arm‐crank exercise elicited significantly lower peak values for work rate, O2 uptake, CO2 output, minute ventilation and tidal volume (p < 0.05). At matched ventilations, arm‐crank exercise restricted tidal volume expansion relative to leg‐cycling exercise at 60% (1.74 ± 0.61 versus 2.27 ± 0.68 l, p < 0.001), 80% (2.07 ± 0.70 versus 2.52 ± 0.67 l, p < 0.001) and 100% (1.97 ± 0.85 versus 2.55 ± 0.72 l, p = 0.002). Despite minimal evidence of expiratory flow limitation, expiratory reserve volume was significantly higher during arm‐cranking versus leg‐cycling exercise at 100% (39 ± 8 versus 29 ± 8% of vital capacity, p = 0.002). At any given ventilation, arm‐cranking elicited greater inspiratory effort (oesophageal pressure) relative to thoracic displacement (tidal volume). Arm‐cranking exercise is sufficient to provoke respiratory mechanical derangements (restricted tidal volume expansion, dynamic hyperinflation and neuromechanical uncoupling) in subjects with normal pulmonary function and expiratory flow reserve. These responses are likely to be attributable to task‐specific locomotor mechanics (i.e. non‐respiratory loading of the thorax).
Catalyst-controlled stereoselective cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers
Authors: Teator A. J. , Leibfarth F. A. 
Published: March 2019

The right hand lines up vinyl ethers
Well-optimized catalysts produce vast quantities of isotactic polypropylene, in which the side chains all face the same way. Add an oxygen into the monomer, though, and that degree of uniformity becomes harder to enforce. Teator and Leibfarth report a general protocol to polymerize a variety of such vinyl ethers isotactically (see the Perspective by Foster and O'Reilly). They rely on a chiral phosphoric acid in combination with a titanium Lewis acid to bias the monomer orientation during cationic polymerization. The resulting polymers show promising adhesive properties.

Science
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Retinal findings in carriers of monoallelic ABCC6 mutations
Authors: Gliem Martin , Wieg Isabel , Birtel Johannes , Müller Philipp L , Faust Isabel , Hendig Doris , Holz Frank G , Finger Robert P , Charbel Issa Peter 
Published: March 2019

AimBiallelic ABCC6 mutations cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum, a systemic disease characterised by calcification of elastic tissue and a specific retinal phenotype. In this study, we investigated if monoallelic ABCC6 mutations are also associated with retinal alterations.MethodsIn this prospective, cross-sectional, monocentre case–control study, carriers of monoallelic ABCC6 mutations were investigated and compared with age-matched controls. The retinal phenotype was characterised using fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, confocal near-infrared reflectance imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography and in selected cases late-phase indocyanine green angiography.ResultsThirty-eight subjects carrying monoallelic ABCC6 mutations (mean age 70.2 years, range 50–90, 26 female) were examined and compared with 77 age-matched controls (mean age 69.9 years, range 50–93, 43 female). Retinal alterations were more frequently found in carriers of monoallelic ABCC6 mutations compared with controls (50% vs 33.8%, p=0.107) with increasing prevalence at older age. Typical findings were peripapillary atrophy (37% vs 23%, p=0.184), pattern dystrophy-like changes (24% vs 12%, p=0.109), reticular pseudodrusen (21% vs 5%, p=0.019), small angioid streaks (8% vs 1%, p=0.105), choroidal neovascularisations and atrophic lesions (both 8% vs 0%, p=0.034). Late-phase indocyanine green angiography showed a reduced cyanescence centred to the posterior pole in 11 of 14 examined subjects with monoallelic ABCC6 mutations.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate a possible ocular ABCC6 haploinsufficiency phenotype. Due to its late-onset and phenotypic similarities, misinterpretation as age-related macular degeneration is possible.
Effects of an mHealth intervention for community health workers on maternal and child nutrition and health service delivery in India: protocol for a quasi-experimental mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Nimmagadda Sneha , Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi , Avula Rasmi , Dhar Diva , Diamond-Smith Nadia , Fernald Lia , Jain Anoop , Mani Sneha , Menon Purnima , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Park Hannah , Patil Sumeet R , Singh Prakarsh , Walker Dilys 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionMillions of children in India still suffer from poor health and under-nutrition, despite substantial improvement over decades of public health programmes. The Anganwadi centres under the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) provide a range of health and nutrition services to pregnant women, children <6 years and their mothers. However, major gaps exist in ICDS service delivery. The government is currently strengthening ICDS through an mHealth intervention called Common Application Software (ICDS-CAS) installed on smart phones, with accompanying multilevel data dashboards. This system is intended to be a job aid for frontline workers, supervisors and managers, aims to ensure better service delivery and supervision, and enable real-time monitoring and data-based decision-making. However, there is little to no evidence on the effectiveness of such large-scale mHealth interventions integrated with public health programmes in resource-constrained settings on the service delivery and subsequent health and nutrition outcomes.Methods and analysisThis study uses a village-matched controlled design with repeated cross-sectional surveys to evaluate whether ICDS-CAS can enable more timely and appropriate services to pregnant women, children <12 months and their mothers, compared with the standard ICDS programme. The study will recruit approximately 1500 Anganwadi workers and 6000+ mother-child dyads from 400+ matched-pair villages in Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. The primary outcomes are the proportion of beneficiaries receiving (a) adequate number of home visits and (b) appropriate level of counselling by the Anganwadi workers. Secondary outcomes are related to improvements in other ICDS services, and knowledge and practices of the Anganwadi workers and beneficiaries.Ethics and disseminationEthical oversight is provided by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at the University of California at Berkeley, and the Suraksha Independent Ethics Committee in India. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and analysis data will be made public.Trial registration numberISRCTN83902145
Rationale and design of a systematic review: effectiveness and acceptance of technology-based psychological interventions in different clinical phases of depression management
Authors: Köhnen Moritz , Kriston Levente , Härter Martin , Dirmaier Jörg , Liebherz Sarah 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionAlthough many effective treatment options exist, depression is still undertreated indicating gaps in the healthcare system. The complementary provision of mental healthcare through technologies (eg, computer, smartphone) has the potential to fill treatment gaps and to overcome access barriers to mental healthcare. Until now, no systematic review integrates the evidence on different technology-based psychological interventions (TBIs) concerning their effectiveness and acceptance in different clinical phases of depression management (bridging waiting periods, acute treatment and aftercare). The aim of this project is to structure evidence on TBIs regarding different phases of depression management, and to determine effectiveness and acceptance for each clinical phase considering both active (eg, face-to-face treatment) and inactive (eg, waitlist) controls as comparators.Methods and analysisWe will include studies on adults with a formal diagnosis of unipolar depression. Treatments delivered by technologies based on scientific psychological theories will be considered as experimental interventions. The primary effectiveness outcome will be depressive symptoms at study endpoint measured by symptom severity rating scales, and the primary acceptance outcome will be dropping out of the study due to any reason. We will consider only randomised controlled trials, which will be identified by key database searches (including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, CINAHL) complemented through searches in clinical trial registries (eg, clinicaltrials.gov) and grey literature searches (eg, Open Grey). Two review authors will independently conduct study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of included studies (using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias). Meta-analyses applying random-effect models as well as subgroup, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this study, as we conduct research on secondary data. We will disseminate results via peer-reviewed journal publications, presentations on conferences and via plain language summaries.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016050413; Pre-results.