bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of organophosphate flame retardants in soil and fish using ultrasound‐assisted extraction, solid‐phase clean‐up, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lorenzo María , Campo Julián , Picó Yolanda 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA solid–liquid extraction method in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed and optimized for extraction and analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants in soil and fish. Methanol was chosen as the optimum extraction solvent, not only in terms of extraction efficiency, but also for its broader analyte coverage. The subsequent clean‐up by solid‐phase extraction is required to eliminate matrix coextractives and reduce matrix effects. Recoveries of the optimized method were 50–121% for soil and 47–123% for biota, both with high precision (RSDs <12% in soil and <23% in biota). The method limits of detection ranged from 0.06 to 0.20 ng/g dry weight and between 0.02 and 0.30 ng/g wet weight for soil and biota samples, respectively. However, samples with a high lipid content produce several problems as solid‐phase extraction cartridge clogging that increase variability and analysis time. The method was successfully applied for the determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in soil and fish from L'Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain). Target compounds were detected in all soil and fish samples with values varying from 13.8 to 89.7 ng/g dry weight and from 3.3 to 53.0 ng/g wet weight, respectively.
In Vivo Biofilm Formation, Gram‐Negative Infections and TAS2R38 Polymorphisms in CRSw NP Patients
Authors: Cantone Elena , Negri Rossella , Roscetto Emanuela , Grassia Rossella , Catania Maria Rosaria , Capasso Pasquale , Maffei Marianna , Soriano Amata Amy , Leone Carlo Antonio , Iengo Maurizio , Greco Luigi 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesAmong the predisposing factors implicated in the immune response to airway bacterial infections, genetic variations of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38, which is expressed in the cilia of the human sinonasal epithelial cells, seem to be associated with susceptibility to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and in vitro biofilm formation. Polymorphisms in TAS2R38 generate two common haplotypes: the nonfunctional AVI (Alanine, Valine, Isoleucine) and the functional PAV (Proline, Alanine, Valine) alleles, with the latter protecting against gram‐negative sinonasal infections.The aim of this study is to investigate for the first time the relevance of TAS2R38 genetic variants in the susceptibility to bacterial infections associated with in vivo biofilm formation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients.Study DesignA prospective study on 100 adult patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for CRSwNP.MethodsPropylthiouracile (PROP) testing and TAS2R38 genotyping were applied to characterize patients for receptor functionality. Sinonasal mucosa samples were processed for microbiological examination and biofilm detection.ResultsThe nonfunctional genotype is more frequent among CRS patients than in the general population (25% vs. 18.4%, P = 0.034). Airway gram‐negative infections are primarily associated with the AVI haplotype (88.9% vs. 11.1% PAV/PAV‐functional genotype, P = 0.023). Biofilm formation is prevalent in CRS patients with the AVI nontaster phenotype (62.5% vs. 33.3% PAV taster or supertaster phenotype, P = 0.05).ConclusionOur findings confirm an inverse correlation between TAS2R38 functionality and gram‐negative infections in Italian patients with CRSwNP. In addition, for the first time we demonstrated a relationship between in vivo microbial biofilm and TAS2R38 receptor variants.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 128:E339–E345, 2018
Carbon sink and source dynamics of a eutrophic deep lake using multiple flux observations over multiple years
Authors: Reed David E. , Dugan Hilary A. , Flannery Amelia L. , Desai Ankur R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent research has shown lakes play an outsized role in carbon cycling, but long‐term continuous observations and analysis of carbon dynamics are rare, limiting our understanding of interannual variation, important timescales of variability, and drivers of efflux. Therefore, we examined lake‐atmosphere carbon fluxes with the goal of quantifying annual trends and patterns in lake carbon efflux and identifying important timescales. To do so, this study integrated 6 yr of eddy‐covariance flux tower observations of lake‐atmosphere fluxes with high‐frequency observations of in‐lake temperature, dissolved oxygen, and partial pressure of CO2, for a eutrophic lake in Wisconsin, U.S.A. While growing season fluxes are variable and switch between source and sink, annual net carbon fluxes show the lake acts as an annual sink of carbon, with the magnitude depending on climate, along with the timing and strength of fall turnover, with half of the total annual carbon uptake happening in October and November.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Cross‐Linked Phenolic Resins Using a United‐Atom Model
Authors: Izumi Atsushi , Shudo Yasuyuki , Hagita Katsumi , Shibayama Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new molecular modeling algorithm for conducting large‐scale molecular dynamics simulation studies of cross‐linked phenolic resins is developed using a united‐atom model. A phenol–formaldehyde polycondensation system is simulated by a pseudoreaction algorithm taking into consideration (i) the difference in the experimental reaction rate constants at ortho and para positions of phenolic units and (ii) the geometry of the reactants. To avoid formation of locally strained cross‐linked structures that can be generated in a typical cutoff‐distance‐based reaction scheme, a geometrical judgment constraint is applied in the reaction procedure. With this algorithm, cross‐linked network structures of phenolic resins with a maximum conversion (α) of 0.90 are obtained from 10 000 phenols. The density and the tensile modulus of the structure with α of 0.90 at 300 K are 1.2 g cm−3 and 5.4 GPa, respectively. This is in good agreement with experimental values. The strain‐free, highly cross‐linked network structures of phenolic resins exhibit a higher density and tensile modulus compared with structures generated in the absence of the geometrical cutoff. This result demonstrates that the geometrical judgment constraint can effectively avoid the formation of distorted and strained local structures and is necessary for accurate modeling of highly cross‐linked phenolic resins.
Standardized Competencies for Parenteral Nutrition Administration: The ASPEN Model
Authors: Guenter Peggi , Worthington Patricia , Ayers Phil , Boullata Joseph I. , Gura Kathleen M. , Marshall Neil , Holcombe Beverly , Richardson Denise S. ,   for the Parenteral Nutrition Safety Committee, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Published: March 2018

AbstractParenteral nutrition (PN) is a highly complex medication and its provision can be prone to a variety of errors. Safe administration of this therapy requires that the competency of clinicians, particularly nurses, be demonstrated using a standardized process. In this document, a standardized model for PN administration competency is proposed based on a competency framework, the ASPEN‐published interdisciplinary core competencies, discipline‐specific standards of practice, safe practice recommendations, and clinical guidelines. ASPEN recognizes that all healthcare institutions may not currently meet the aspirational goals of this document. This framework will guide institutions and agencies in developing tools and procedures and maintaining competency of staff members around safe PN administration. The ASPEN Board of Directors has approved this document.
Stoned—A Syndrome of D‐Lactic Acidosis and Urolithiasis
Authors: Berman Casey M. , Merritt Russell J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractShort bowel syndrome (SBS) can lead to many complications related to the condition and its therapy. We describe 2 children with SBS who we believe are the second and third patients documented to have experienced both D‐lactic acidosis and urolithiasis. We review aspects of these SBS complications and recent findings on the microbiome of patients with SBS that may predispose to these complications.
Inherently Lean Rats Have Enhanced Activity and Skeletal Muscle Response to Central Melanocortin Receptors
Authors: Gavini Chaitanya K. , Britton Steven L. , Koch Lauren G. , Novak Colleen M. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveActivity thermogenesis and energy expenditure (EE) are elevated in intrinsically lean rats (high‐capacity runners [HCR]) and are also stimulated by melanocortin receptor activation in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). This study determined whether HCR are more responsive to central modulation of activity EE compared with low‐capacity runners (LCR).MethodsHCR and LCR rats received intra‐VMH microinjections of melanotan II (MTII), a mixed melanocortin receptor agonist. Changes in EE, respiratory exchange ratio, activity EE, muscle heat, norepinephrine turnover, and muscle energetic modulators were compared.ResultsHCR were significantly more responsive to intra‐VMH MTII‐induced changes in EE, activity EE, norepinephrine turnover to some muscle subgroups, and muscle mRNA expression of some energetic modulators. Though HCR had high muscle activity thermogenesis, limited MTII‐induced modulation of muscle thermogenesis during activity was seen in LCR only.ConclusionsAn inherently lean, high‐capacity rat phenotype showed elevated response to central melanocortin stimulation of activity EE and use of fat as fuel. This may be driven by sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle, which was elevated after MTII. Central melanocortin receptor activation also altered skeletal muscle energetic modulators in a manner consistent with elevated EE and lowered respiratory exchange ratio.
Modular synthesis of polymers containing 2,5‐di(thiophenyl)‐N‐arylpyrrole
Authors: Truong Tran N. B. , Savagatrup Suchol , Jeon Intak , Swager Timothy M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTA modular and facile route has been developed to synthesize functionalized 2,5‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1‐H‐arylpyrroles from readily available starting materials. These units are compatible with various polymerization conditions and are versatile building blocks for conjugated polymers. The polymers show high thermal stability and solubility in a number of solvents. Characterization of the polymers reveals a correlation between molecular packing, controllable by polymer design, and charge carrier mobility. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1133–1139
Shape and core‐excited resonances of thionucleobases
Authors: Cheng Hsiu‐Yao , Lin Cheng‐Jung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThionucleobases can be used in chemoradiation therapy of cancer. Shape resonances (SRs) and core‐excited resonances (CERs) can lead to fragmentation and eventually result in strand breaks of DNA. In particular, the more energetic CERs are believed to cause double‐strand breaks that can hardly be repaired. In this work, both the SRs and CERs of exemplary 2‐thiouracil, 4‐thiouracil, 2‐thiothymine, 4‐thiothymine, and 6‐aza‐2‐thiothymine are investigated using stabilization method in conjunction with long range corrected time‐dependent density functional theory. Results indicate that the energies of (1) π*1 and π*2 SRs, (2) n‐π* CERs, and (3) mixed resonances of π‐π* CERs with π* SRs can be significantly stabilized due to thionation of uracil or thymine. It is noteworthy that the resonant cases of (2) and (3) can be accessed by electrons even at energies below 4 eV. Consequently, the increased decay of temporary anions can enhance strand breaks of DNA.
The changing rationale for governance choices: Early vs. late adopters of global services sourcing
Authors: Manning Stephan , Massini Silvia , Peeters Carine , Lewin Arie Y. 
Published: March 2018

Research Summary: This article studies how the logic of firm governance choices varies as a function of the time of adoption of particular sourcing practices. Using data on the diffusion of global business services sourcing as a management practice from early experiments in the 1980s through 2011, we show that the extent to which governance choices are affected by process commoditization, availability of external service capabilities, and past governance choices depends on whether firms are early or late adopters. Findings inform research on governance choice dynamics specifically in highly diverse and evolving firm populations.
Managerial Summary: This article considers how firms have chosen delivery models in global services sourcing decisions over time. Based on comprehensive data, we make two major observations. First, we find that firms that began with global services sourcing early, invested mainly in their internal sourcing capacity, while outsourcing only simple tasks to external providers, whereas firms that started later invested more in their capability to outsource various services to increasingly sophisticated suppliers. Second, we find that initial investments in internal or external sourcing capabilities have a strong effect on future choices of delivery models. This explains why, even today, firms vary greatly in how they implement global sourcing decisions, and it suggests that newcomers should learn from their own peer group rather than from highly experienced firms.
Molybdenum Carbide‐Decorated Metallic Cobalt@Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Polyhedrons for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wu Can , Liu Dan , Li Hui , Li Jinghong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on water splitting holds great promise for clean energy technologies, in which the key issue is exploring cost‐effective materials to replace noble metal catalysts. Here, a sequential chemical etching and pyrolysis strategy are developed to prepare molybdenum carbide‐decorated metallic cobalt@nitrogen‐doped porous carbon polyhedrons (denoted as Mo/Co@N–C) hybrids for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The obtained metallic Co nanoparticles are coated by N‐doped carbon thin layers while the formed molybdenum carbide nanoparticles are well‐dispersed in the whole Co@N–C frames. Benefiting from the additionally implanted molybdenum carbide active sites, the HER performance of Mo/Co@N–C hybrids is significantly promoted compared with the single Co@N–C that is derived from the pristine ZIF‐67 both in alkaline and acidic media. As a result, the as‐synthesized Mo/Co@N–C hybrids exhibit superior HER electrocatalytic activity, and only very low overpotentials of 157 and 187 mV are needed at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH and 0.5 m H2SO4, respectively, opening a door for rational design and fabrication of novel low‐cost electrocatalysts with hierarchical structures toward electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
Hypoxia-Activated Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevents Irradiation-Induced Salivary Hypofunction by Enhanced Paracrine Effect Through Fibroblast Growth Factor 10
Authors: Shin Hyun-Soo , Lee Songyi , Kim Young-Mo , Lim Jae-Yol 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
To explore the effects and mechanisms of paracrine factors secreted from human adipose mesenchymal stem cell (hAdMSCs) that are activated by hypoxia on radioprotection against irradiation-induced salivary hypofunction in subjects undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. An organotypic spheroid coculture model to mimic irradiation (IR)-induced salivary hypofunction was set up for in vitro experiments. Human parotid gland epithelial cells were organized to form three-dimensional (3D) acinus-like spheroids on growth factor reduced -Matrigel. Cellular, structural, and functional damage following IR were examined after cells were cocultured with hAdMSCs preconditioned with either normoxia (hAdMSCNMX) or hypoxia (hAdMSCHPX). A key paracrine factor secreted by hAdMSCsHPX was identified by high-throughput microarray-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways on radioprotection were explored. Therapeutic effects of hAdMSCsHPX were evaluated after in vivo transplant into mice with IR-induced salivary hypofunction. In our 3D coculture experiment, hAdMSCsHPX significantly enhanced radioresistance of spheroidal human parotid epithelial cells, and led to greater preservation of salivary epithelial integrity and acinar secretory function relative to hAdMSCsNMX. Coculture with hAdMSCsHPX promoted FGFR expression and suppressed FGFR diminished antiapoptotic activity of hAdMSCsHPX. Among FGFR-binding secreted factors, we found that fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) contributed to therapeutic effects of hAdMSCsHPX by enhancing antiapoptotic effect, which was dependent on FGFR–PI3K signaling. An in vivo transplant of hAdMSCsHPX into irradiated salivary glands of mice reversed IR-induced salivary hypofunction where hAdMSC-released FGF10 contributed to tissue remodeling. Our results suggest that hAdMSCsHPX protect salivary glands from IR-induced apoptosis and preserve acinar structure and functions by activation of FGFR-PI3K signaling via actions of hAdMSC-secreted factors, including FGF10.
Follistatin-Like 3 Enhances the Function of Endothelial Cells Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells by Facilitating β-Catenin Nuclear Translocation Through Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Activity
Authors: Kelaini Sophia , Vilà-González Marta , Caines Rachel , Campbell David , Eleftheriadou Magdalini , Tsifaki Marianna , Magee Corey , Cochrane Amy , O'neill Karla , Yang Chunbo , Stitt Alan W. , Zeng Lingfang , Grieve David J. , Margariti Andriana 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The fight against vascular disease requires functional endothelial cells (ECs) which could be provided by differentiation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells) in great numbers for use in the clinic. However, the great promise of the generated ECs (iPS-ECs) in therapy is often restricted due to the challenge in iPS-ECs preserving their phenotype and function. We identified that Follistatin-Like 3 (FSTL3) is highly expressed in iPS-ECs, and, as such, we sought to clarify its possible role in retaining and improving iPS-ECs function and phenotype, which are crucial in increasing the cells’ potential as a therapeutic tool. We overexpressed FSTL3 in iPS-ECs and found that FSTL3 could induce and enhance endothelial features by facilitating β-catenin nuclear translocation through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity and induction of Endothelin-1. The angiogenic potential of FSTL3 was also confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. When iPS-ECs overexpressing FSTL3 were subcutaneously injected in in vivo angiogenic model or intramuscularly injected in a hind limb ischemia NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/NcrCrl SCID mice model, FSTL3 significantly induced angiogenesis and blood flow recovery, respectively. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that FSTL3 can greatly enhance the function and maturity of iPS-ECs. It advances our understanding of iPS-ECs and identifies a novel pathway that can be applied in cell therapy. These findings could therefore help improve efficiency and generation of therapeutically relevant numbers of ECs for use in patient-specific cell-based therapies. In addition, it can be particularly useful toward the treatment of vascular diseases instigated by EC dysfunction.
Notch and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Impact Definitive Hematopoiesis from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Leung Amy , Zulick Elizabeth , Skvir Nicholas , Vanuytsel Kim , Morrison Tasha A. , Naing Zaw Htut , Wang Zhongyan , Dai Yan , Chui David H. K. , Steinberg Martin H. , Sherr David H. , Murphy George J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stand to revolutionize the way we study human development, model disease, and eventually, treat patients. However, these cell sources produce progeny that retain embryonic and/or fetal characteristics. The failure to mature to definitive, adult-type cells is a major barrier for iPSC-based disease modeling and drug discovery. To directly address these concerns, we have developed a chemically defined, serum and feeder-free–directed differentiation platform to generate hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) and resultant adult-type progeny from iPSCs. This system allows for strict control of signaling pathways over time through growth factor and/or small molecule modulation. Through direct comparison with our previously described protocol for the production of primitive wave hematopoietic cells, we demonstrate that induced HSPCs are enhanced for erythroid and myeloid colony forming potential, and strikingly, resultant erythroid-lineage cells display enhanced expression of adult β globin indicating definitive pathway patterning. Using this system, we demonstrate the stage-specific roles of two key signaling pathways, Notch and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), in the derivation of definitive hematopoietic cells. We illustrate the stage-specific necessity of Notch signaling in the emergence of hematopoietic progenitors and downstream definitive, adult-type erythroblasts. We also show that genetic or small molecule inhibition of the AHR results in the increased production of CD34+CD45+ HSPCs while conversely, activation of the same receptor results in a block of hematopoietic cell emergence. Results presented here should have broad implications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and future clinical translation of iPSC-derived blood cells.
Managing an invasive corallimorph at Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Line Islands, Central Pacific
Authors: Work Thierry M. , Aeby Greta S. , Neal Benjamin P. , Price Nichole N. , Conklin Eric , Pollock Amanda 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn 2007, a phase shift from corals to corallimorpharians (CM) centered around a shipwreck was documented at Palmyra Atoll, Line Islands. Subsequent surveys revealed CM to be overgrowing the reef benthos, including corals and coralline algae, potentially placing coral ecosystems in the atoll at risk. This prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the lead management agency of the atoll, to remove the shipwreck. Subsequent surveys showed reductions in CM around the ship impact site. We explain patterns of spread of the CM in terms of both life history and local currents and show with a pilot study that pulverized bleach may be an effective tool to eradicate CM on a local scale. If applied strategically, particularly in heavily infested (> 66% cover) areas, active intervention such as this could be an effective management tool to reduce CM impact on localized areas and decrease colonization rate of remaining reefs. This is the first documentation of the response of an invasive cnidarian to shipwreck removal. While this was a singular event in Palmyra, the spatial and temporal patterns of this invasion and the eradications lessons described herein, are useful for anticipating and controlling similar situations elsewhere.