bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality in Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Surgery: Technical Note
Authors: Rychen Jonathan , Goldberg Johannes , Raabe Andreas , Bervini David 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Augmented reality (AR) applied to surgery refers to the virtual superimposition of computer-generated anatomical information on the surgical field. AR assistance in extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass revascularization surgery has been reported to be a helpful technical adjunct.

OBJECTIVE
To describe our experience of using AR in superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery with the additional implementation of new technical processes to improve the safety and efficacy of the procedure.

METHODS
Data sets from preoperative imaging were loaded and fused in a single 3-dimensional matrix using the neuronavigation system. Anatomical structures of interest (the STA, a selected M4 branch of the MCA, the middle meningeal artery [MMA], and the primary motor cortex [PMC]) were segmented. After the registration of the patient and the operating microscope, the structures of interest were projected into the eyepiece of the microscope and superimposed onto the patient's head, creating the AR surgical field.

RESULTS
AR was shown to be useful in patients undergoing EC-IC bypass revascularization, mostly during the following 4 surgical steps: (1) microsurgical dissection of the donor vessel (STA); (2) tailoring the craniotomy above the recipient vessel (M4 branch of the MCA); (3) tailoring the craniotomy to spare the MMA; and (4) tailoring the craniotomy and the anastomosis to spare the PMC.

CONCLUSION
AR assistance in EC-IC bypass revascularization is a versatile technical adjunct for helping surgeons to ensure the safety and efficacy of the procedure.
Protection of bona fide T follicular memory cells during tissue isolation reveals their persistence, plasticity and functional impact
Authors: Künzli Marco , Schreiner David , Pereboom Tamara , Swarnalekha Nivedya , Lötscher Jonas , Ertuna Yusuf I. , Roux Julien , Geier Florian , Hess Christoph , Taylor Justin T. , King Carolyn G. 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYCD4 memory T cells play an important role in protective immunity and are a key target in vaccine development. Many studies have focused on T central memory (TCM) cells, while the existence and functional significance of T follicular helper (TFH) memory cells is controversial. Here we show that TFH memory cells are highly susceptible to NAD induced cell death (NICD) during isolation from tissues, leading to their under-representation in prior studies. NICD blockade reveals the persistence of abundant TFH memory cells, with high expression of hallmark TFH markers, that persist to at least 400 days after infection, by which time TCM cells are no longer found. Using single cell RNA-seq we demonstrate that TFH memory cells are transcriptionally distinct from TCM cells, maintain stemness and self-renewal gene expression, and, in contrast to TCM cells, are multipotent following recall. Surprisingly, TFH memory cells concurrently express a distinct glycolytic signature similar to trained immune cells, including elevated expression of mTOR, HIF-1 and cAMP regulated genes. Late disruption of glycolysis/ICOS signaling leads to TFH memory cell depletion concomitant with decreased splenic plasma cells and circulating antibody titers, demonstrating both unique homeostatic regulation of memory TFH and their sustained function during the memory phase of the immune response. These results highlight the metabolic heterogeneity underlying distinct memory T cell subsets and establish TFH memory cells as an attractive target for the induction of long-lived adaptive immunity.HIGHLIGHTSCell death during isolation from the tissue prevents the full recovery of TFH memory cellsTFH memory cells are transcriptionally distinct from TCM cells and maintain a broader recall capacityTFH memory cells are maintained in the absence of antigen but require ICOS signaling and glycolysisTFH memory cells support late phase antibody production by splenic plasma cells
Accurate assembly of the olive baboon (Papio anubis) genome using long-­read and Hi-C data
Authors: Batra Sanjit Singh , Levy-Sakin Michal , Robinson Jacqueline , Guillory Joseph , Durinck Steffen , Kwok Pui-Yan , Cox Laura A. , Seshagiri Somasekar , Song Yun S. , Wall Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBesides macaques, baboons are the most commonly used nonhuman primate in biomedical research. Despite this importance, the genomic resources for baboons are quite limited. In particular, the current baboon reference genome Panu_3.0 is a highly fragmented, reference-guided (i.e., not fully de novo) assembly, and its poor quality inhibits our ability to conduct downstream genomic analyses. Here we present a truly de novo genome assembly of the olive baboon (Papio anubis) that uses data from several recently developed single-molecule technologies. Our assembly, Panubis1.0, has an N50 contig size of ~1.46 Mb (as opposed to 139 Kb for Panu_3.0), and has single scaffolds that span each of the 20 autosomes and the X chromosome. We highlight multiple lines of evidence (including Bionano Genomics data, pedigree linkage information, and linkage disequilibrium data) suggesting that there are several large assembly errors in Panu_3.0, which have been corrected in Panubis1.0.
A multimodal framework for detecting direct and indirect gene-gene interactions from large expression compendium
Authors: Zhang Lu , Chen Jia Xing , Li Shuai Cheng 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe fast accumulation of high-throughput gene expression data provides us an unprecedented opportunity to understand the gene interactions and prioritize disease candidate genes. However, these data are typically noisy and highly heterogeneous, complicating their use in constructing large expression compendium. Recent studies suggest that the collective expression pattern can be better modeled by Gaussian mixtures. This motivates our present work, which applies a Multimodal framework (MMF) to depict the gene expression profiles. MMF introduces two new statistics: Multimodal Mutual Information and Multimodal Direct Information. Through extensive simulations, MMF outperforms other approaches for detecting gene co-expressions or gene regulatory interactions, regardless of the level of noise or strength of interactions. In the principal component analysis for very large collections of expression data, the use of MMI enables more biologically meaningful spaces to be extracted than the use of Pearson correlation. The practical use of MMF is further demonstrated with three biological applications: 1. Prioritizing KIF1A as the candidate causal gene of hereditary spastic paraparesis from familial exome sequencing data; 2. Detecting ANK2 as the ‘hot genes’ for autism spectrum disorders, derived from exome sequencing family based study; 3. Predicting the microRNA target genes based on both sequence and expression information.
Human reproductive system microbiomes exhibited significantly different heterogeneity scaling with gut microbiome, but the intra-system scaling is invariant
Authors: Ma Sam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMaintaining sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world is still one of the major mysteries of biology given the apparently high efficiency of asexual reproduction. Co-evolutionary theories such as the Red Queen hypothesis would suggest that the microbiomes in human reproductive systems, specifically the microbiomes contained in semen and vaginal fluids, should reach some level of homogeneity thanks to arguably the most conspicuous microbiome transmission between two sexes. The long-term sexual coevolution should favor the dynamic homogeneity or stability, which should also be beneficial for sexual reproduction such as sperm survival or fertilization on physiological/ecological time scale. We present a piece of quantitative evidence in the form of microbial community spatial heterogeneity to support the stability notion by analyzing three big datasets of the human vaginal, semen and gut microbiome. Methodologically, we applied a recent community-level extension to the classic Taylor’s power law (Taylor 1961, 1988:Nature), which reached the rare status of ecological law and has found applications beyond biology. The power law analysis revealed that human vaginal and semen microbiomes exhibited the same scaling parameter size in their community spatial (inter-individual) heterogeneities, while both exhibited significantly different heterogeneity scaling parameter with the human gut microbiome. Both ecological and evolutionary theories, such as hologenome/holobiont and Red Queen, even first principle, would predict that microbiome transmissions between two sexes should have homogenizing effects on the composition and stability of the microbiomes in human reproductive systems.ImportanceMaintaining sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world is still one of the major mysteries of biology given the apparently high efficiency of asexual reproduction. Co-evolutionary theories such as the Red-Queen hypothesis would suggest that the microbiomes in human reproductive systems, specifically the microbiomes contained in semen and vaginal fluids, should reach some level of homogeneity thanks to arguably the most conspicuous microbiome transmission between two sexes. The long-term sexual co-evolution should favor the dynamic homogeneity or stability, which should also be beneficial for sexual reproduction such as sperm survival or fertilization on physiological/ecological time scale. We present a piece of quantitative evidence in the form of microbial community spatial heterogeneity to support the stability notion by analyzing three big datasets of the human vaginal, semen and gut microbiome. Both ecological and evolutionary theories would predict that microbiome transmissions between two sexes should have homogenizing effects in human reproductive systems.
Maternal glucocorticoids promote offspring growth without inducing oxidative stress or shortening telomeres in wild red squirrels
Authors: Dantzer Ben , van Kesteren Freya , Westrick Sarah E. , Boutin Stan , McAdam Andrew G. , Lane Jeffrey E. , Gillespie Robert , Majer Ariana , Haussmann Mark , Monaghan Pat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElevations in glucocorticoid levels (GCs) in breeding females may induce adaptive shifts in offspring life histories. Offspring produced by mothers with elevated GCs may be better prepared to face harsh environments where a faster pace of life is beneficial. We examined how experimentally elevated GCs in pregnant or lactating North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) affected offspring postnatal growth, structural size, oxidative stress levels (two antioxidants and oxidative protein damage) in three different tissues (blood, heart, liver), and liver telomere lengths. We predicted that offspring from mothers treated with GCs would grow faster but would also have higher levels of oxidative stress and shorter telomeres, which may predict reduced longevity. Offspring from mothers treated with GCs during pregnancy were 8.3% lighter around birth but grew (in body mass) 17.0% faster than those from controls, whereas offspring from mothers treated with GCs during lactation grew 34.8% slower than those from controls and did not differ in body mass around birth. Treating mothers with GCs during pregnancy or lactation did not alter the oxidative stress levels or telomere lengths of their offspring. Fast-growing offspring from any of the treatment groups did not have higher oxidative stress levels or shorter telomere lengths, indicating that offspring that grew faster early in life did not exhibit oxidative costs after this period of growth. Our results indicate that elevations in maternal GCs may induce plasticity in offspring growth without long-term oxidative costs to the offspring that might result in a shortened lifespan.Summary StatementWe show that experimental increases in glucocorticoids in breeding female North American red squirrels affects offspring postnatal growth but not levels of oxidative damage and antioxidants or telomere lengths.
Tonotopic and multisensory organization of the mouse dorsal inferior colliculus revealed by two-photon imaging
Authors: Wong Aaron B. , Borst J. Gerard G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe dorsal (DCIC) and lateral cortices (LCIC) of the inferior colliculus are major targets of the auditory and non-auditory cortical areas, suggesting a role in complex multimodal information processing. However, relatively little is known about their functional organization. We utilized in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging in awake mice expressing GCaMP6s in GABAergic or non-GABAergic neurons in the IC to investigate their spatial organization. We found different classes of temporal response, which we confirmed with simultaneous juxtacellular electrophysiology. Both GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons showed spatial microheterogeneity in their temporal responses. In contrast, a robust reversed rostromedial-caudolateral gradient of frequency tuning was conserved between the two groups, and even among the subclasses. This, together with the existence of a subset of neurons sensitive to spontaneous movements, provides functional evidence for redefining the border between DCIC and LCIC.
Understanding how managers institutionalise sustainability reporting
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Bilal , de Villiers Charl 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how sustainability reporting managers (SRMs) institutionalise sustainability reporting within organisations.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 35 semi-structured interviews with SRMs in Australia and New Zealand were analysed using an institutional work perspective.

Findings
SRMs’ institutional work can be categorised into four phases with each phase representing a different approach to sustainability reporting. Organisations transition from phase one to four as they achieve a higher level of maturity and a deeper embedding and routinisation of sustainability reporting. These include educating and advocacy work undertaken by engaging with managers (phase one), transitioning to a decentralised sustainability reporting process (phase two), transitioning to leaner, focussed, materiality driven sustainability reporting (phase three), and using sustainability key performance indicators and materiality assessment reports for planning, decision-making, goal setting, performance appraisal, and incentives (phase four). However, SRMs face challenges including their inexperience, limited time and resources, lack of management commitment to sustainability reporting and low external interest in sustainability reporting. The study identifies ten reasons why material issues are not always (adequately) disclosed.

Practical implications
This study recommends more training and development for SRMs, and that regulation be considered to mandate the disclosure of the materiality assessments in sustainability reports.

Originality/value
This research extends the existing literature examining how sustainability reports are prepared and sheds further light on how a materiality assessment is undertaken. The study identifies ten reasons for the non-disclosure of material matters, including but not limited to, legitimacy motives. Researchers can use these reasons to refine their methods for evaluating published sustainability reports. At a theoretical level, the study provides four observations that institutional researchers should consider when examining forms of institutional work.
Getting more than money through online crowdfunding
Authors: Macht Stephanie , Chapman Geoffrey 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Many businesses invest significant resources to develop human, social and psychological capital, yet Crowdfunding (CF) activities have the potential to build all of these non-financial forms of capital at the same time as raising finance. The purpose of this paper is to explore the non-financial forms of capital that entrepreneurs and businesses using online CF activities can gain from their backers without having to ask for it.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used thematic, qualitative analysis to explore the comments and queries that crowdfunders posted on the publicly visible message board of individual CF projects on Kickstarter, one of the world’s leading crowdfunding platforms (CFPs).

Findings
Fund-seekers can gain more than money from crowdfunders: they can enhance their own human capital (e.g. knowledge of the viability of the project), social capital (e.g. the development of a bonding relationship) and psychological capital (e.g. self-efficacy and resilience) by effectively interpreting unsolicited comments and questions.

Research limitations/implications
This study is based on typed comments on CFP message boards, which limits insights into underlying reasons and motivations. However, the qualitative analysis of message board comments demonstrates how this type of data can be utilised to explore crucial aspects of CF that have to date been neglected.

Practical implications
Comments from many crowdfunders can provide useful information to fund-seeking entrepreneurs and businesses, although some of it may require interpretation.

Originality/value
The opportunity for fund-seekers to gain non-financial capital from crowdfunders, without having to ask for it, has not previously been explicitly considered in the field.
SDRE-based high performance feedback control for nonlinear mechatronic systems
Authors: Stepien Slawomir Jan , Superczynska Paulina , Dobrowolski Damian , Dobrowolski Jerzy 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to present modeling and control of a nonlinear mechatronic system. To solve the control problem, the modified state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) method is applied. The control problem is designed and analyzed using the nonlinear feedback gain strategy for the infinite time horizon problem.

Design/methodology/approach
As a new contribution, this paper deals with state-dependent parametrization as an effective modeling of the mechatronic system and shows how to modify the classical form of the SDRE method to reduce computational effort during feedback gain computation. The numerical example compares described methods and confirms usefulness of the proposed technique.

Findings
The proposed control technique can ensure optimal dynamic response, reducing computational effort during control law computation. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified via numerical simulation.

Originality/value
The authors introduced an innovative approach to the well-known SDRE control methodology and settled their research in the newest literature coverage for this issue.
Analysis of axial flux motor performance for traction motor applications
Authors: Młot Adrian , Łukaniszyn Marian 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Analysis of test data monitored for a number of electric machines from the low volume production line can lead to useful conclusions. The purpose of this paper is to trace the machine performance to find quality-related issues and/or identify assembly process ones. In this paper, the monitoring of experimental data is related to the axial flux motor (AFM) used in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and in electric vehicle (EV) traction motors in the global automobile market.

Design/methodology/approach
Extensive data analyses raised questions like what could be the causes of possible performance deterioration of the AFM and how many electric motors may not pass requirements during operation tests. In small and medium research units of AFM for HEV or EV, engineers came across a number of serious issues that must be resolved. A number of issues can be eliminated by implementing methods for reducing the number of failing AFMs. For example, improving the motor assembly precision leads to reduction of the machine parameters deterioration.

Findings
Assembly tolerances on electric motor characteristics should be investigated during motor design. The presented measurements can be usable and can point out the weakest parts of the motor that can be a reason for the reduced efficiency and/or lifetime of the AFM. Additionally, the paper is addressed to electric motor engineers designing and/or investigating electric AFMs.

Originality/value
Performance of AFM was monitored for a number of identical motors from low volume production line. All tested motors were operated continuously for a long period of time and the tests were repeated every few weeks for half a year to check the reliability of motor design and indicate how much the motor parameters may change. The final results point how many motors fail the requirements of motor performance. A few batches of AFM were selected for testing. Each batch represents a different size (nominal power) of the same type of AFM.
Analysis of axial flux permanent magnet generator
Authors: Gołębiowski Lesław , Gołębiowski Marek , Mazur Damian , Smoleń Andrzej 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare the methods of calculating the parameters of air-cored stator flux permanent magnet generator and to compare these results with the measurements of the designed and manufactured generator. The generator is to be designed for operation in a wind power plant.

Design/methodology/approach
An analytical method and 2D and 3D finite element methods (FEMs) were used to calculate the parameters of the coreless permanent magnet axial generator. The analytical method and 2D FEM were applied to individual cross-sections through the air gap of the machine. After the design and construction of the generator and measuring station, the results of calculations and measurements were compared.

Findings
The results of investigated calculation methods and measurements were found to be mutually compatible. Analytical methods and 2D FEM required proper interpretation of the results when comparing them with the 3D FEM. The results of the measurements and calculations showed the usefulness of the generator for operation in a wind power plant.

Originality/value
Full comparison of results of 2D and 3D calculations with the results of the measurements on the machine model confirmed the usefulness of fast 2D methods for the analysis of coreless generators. The results differed by the effects of leakage inductance of windings’ front connections. The application of an axial generator designed with the described methods in a wind turbine showed its proper operation.