bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial communities in the nepheloid layers and hypoxic zones of the Canary Current upwelling system
Authors: Thiele Stefan , Basse Andreas , Becker Jamie W. , Lipski Andre , Iversen Morten H. , Mollenhauer Gesine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs) are among the most productive marine environments in the world. The Canary Current upwelling system off the coast of Mauritania and Morocco is the second most productive of the four EBUS, where nutrient‐rich waters fuel perennial phytoplankton blooms, evident by high chlorophyll a concentrations off Cape Blanc, Mauritania. High primary production leads to eutrophic waters in the surface layers, whereas sinking phytoplankton debris and horizontally dispersed particles form nepheloid layers (NLs) and hypoxic waters at depth. We used Catalyzed Reporter Deposition Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (CARD‐FISH) in combination with fatty acid (measured as methyl ester; FAME) profiles to investigate the bacterial and archaeal community composition along transects from neritic to pelagic waters within the “giant Cape Blanc filament” in two consecutive years (2010 and 2011), and to evaluate the usage of FAME data for microbial community studies. We also report the first fatty acid profile of Pelagibacterales strain HTCC7211 which was used as a reference profile for the SAR11 clade. Unexpectedly, the reference profile contained low concentrations of long chain fatty acids 18:1 cis11, 18:1 cis11 11methyl, and 19:0 cyclo11–12 fatty acids, the main compounds in other Alphaproteobacteria. Members of the free‐living SAR11 clade were found at increased relative abundance in the hypoxic waters in both years. In contrast, the depth profiles of Gammaproteobacteria (including Alteromonas and Pseudoalteromonas), Bacteroidetes, Roseobacter, and Synechococcus showed high abundances of these groups in layers where particle abundance was high, suggesting that particle attachment or association is an important mechanisms of dispersal for these groups. Collectively, our results highlight the influence of NLs, horizontal particle transport, and low oxygen on the structure and dispersal of microbial communities in upwelling systems.
An ultra‐compact and low insertion loss 60 GHz CMOS on‐chip bandpass filter
Authors: Zeng Junjie , Li Xiuping , Feng Weiwei , Zhu Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this letter, a novel miniaturized and low insertion loss 60GHz on‐chip bandpass filter (BPF) is presented, which is fabricated by a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process. This BPF is mainly composed of a three‐line coupled structure. The selectivity of the filter is improved by introducing two transmission zeros on both sides of the desired passband because of the source‐load coupled structures. In addition, the gap between the three coupled lines can affect the coupling strength to determine the fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the filter. The miniaturization of the filter is also achieved by folding the coup led line of a quarter wavelength. The overall size of the fabricated BPF chip is 267 μm × 376 μm. The measured results show that the insertion loss and fractional bandwidth of the filter at the center frequency of 60 GHz are −2.03 dB and 47%, respectively. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
High‐power broadband graphene non‐Foster circuit enabled class‐J GaN HEMT power amplifier
Authors: Akwuruoha Charles Nwakanma , Hu Zhirun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents high‐power broadband graphene non‐Foster circuit (NFC) enabled Class‐J GaN HEMT power amplifier (PA). A graphene resonant‐tunneling diode (RTD) NFC is proposed to provide negative differential resistance characteristics and to create an effective negative capacitance. The NFC is integrated in the input matching network of the Class‐J GaN HEMT PA to cancel out the transistor input parasitic capacitance so as to enhance PA bandwidth, efficiency, output power, and gain. The PA design is based on Cree's packaged GaN HEMT CGHV40030F biased with drain supply voltage of 50 V at quiescent drain‐to‐source current of 44 mA. The PA operates from 3.4 to 4.0 GHz with center frequency of 3.7 GHz. The effective negative capacitance of the NFC from 3.4 to 4.0 GHz stands at −3.3 to −6.0 pF. An effective capacitance of −3.7 pF has been obtained at 3.7 GHz. The PA has small signal gain of 16.1 dB at 3.7 GHz. Large signal simulation input power sweep from 1 to 33 dBm at 3.7 GHz, indicates that the PA has 57.8% drain efficiency, 54.7% power added efficiency (PAE), 44.6 dBm (28.8 W) output power and 11.6 dB transducer power gain at input power of 33 dBm.
Broadband and compact complex ratio measuring unit
Authors: Al‐Areqi Nadera Najib , You Kok Yeow 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study designs and analyzes Complex Ratio Measuring Unit (CRMU) and a Six‐port Reflectometer (SPR) at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz. CRMU is designed using a compact size and wideband 3 dB‐branch line coupler (BLC) and 3 dB‐Wilkinson power divider with enhanced series‐diamond stubs. The usage of these compact components leads to a compact size and improves the operating bandwidth. The idea of designing SPR is based on integrating a CRMU with 2 directional couplers along with isolator rather than a single BLC; to get a signal balance that enhances the quality of the reflection coefficient measurement. From the measurement result, it is found that the bandwidth of the CRMU and SPR is 1.7 GHz and the dimension of the CRMU is 60 × 45 mm. The proposed CRMU is fabricated using RT/duroid 5880 substrate with thickness of 0.38 mm. The dimension of the CRMU is 13 × 6.5 mm. The simulation and measurement results for both CRMU and SPR show good agreement.
A full‐duplex dual‐polarization QPSK in a digital radio‐over‐fiber system
Authors: Nabavi Neda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe author numerically investigates the performance of a 100 Gb/s dual‐polarization quadrature phase‐shift keying (DP‐QPSK) coherent radio‐over‐fiber (RoF) system through deploying various lengths of standard single‐mode fiber (SSMF). The utilization of a microwave photonic integrated circuit (MPIC) as the core building block of this optical coherent RoF link both in downlink and uplink, combined with digital signal processing (DSP) has led to a new RoF scheme which demonstrated the feasibility to operate at the low input RF power. The performance of the RoF system with respect to the optical received power induced by channel SNR is also investigated. It has been demonstrated that for a 200 km length of fiber, a laser with a linewidth of less than 1 MHz results in the EVM compliant to the IEEE standards. It has been also verified that the link offers higher linearity and better receiver sensitivity compared to the conventional intensity modulated and directly detected optical communication systems.
Physiological and Proteomic Evidence for the Interactive Effects of Post‐Anthesis Heat Stress and Elevated CO2 on Wheat
Authors: Zhang Xiaxiang , Högy Petra , Wu Xuna , Schmid Iris , Wang Xiulin , Schulze Waltraud X. , Jiang Dong , Fangmeier Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElevated CO2 promotes leaf photosynthesis and improves crop grain yield. However, as a major anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2 contributes to more frequent and severe heat stress, which threatens crop productivity. The combined effects of elevated CO2 and heat stress are complex, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of elevated CO2 and high‐temperature on foliar physiological traits and the proteome of spring wheat grown under two CO2 concentrations (380 and 550 µmol mol−1) and two temperature conditions (ambient and post‐anthesis heat stress) are examined. Elevated CO2 increases leaf photosynthetic traits, biomass, and grain yield, while heat stress depresses photosynthesis and yield. Temperature‐induced impacts on chlorophyll content and grain yield are not significantly different under the two CO2 concentrations. Analysis of the leaf proteome reveals that proteins involved in photosynthesis as well as antioxidant and protein synthesis pathways are significantly downregulated due to the combination of elevated CO2 and heat stress. Correspondingly, plants treated with elevated CO2 and heat stress exhibit decreased green leaf area, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and 1000‐kernel weight. The present study demonstrates that future post‐anthesis heat episodes will diminish the positive effects of elevated CO2 and negatively impact wheat production.
Diamond as a Platform for Integrated Quantum Photonics
Authors: Lenzini Francesco , Gruhler Nico , Walter Nicolai , Pernice Wolfram H. P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntegrated quantum photonics enables the generation, manipulation, and detection of quantum states of light in miniaturized waveguide circuits. Implementation of these three operations in a single integrated platform is a crucial step toward a fully scalable approach to quantum photonic technologies. In this context, diamond has emerged as a particularly promising material as it naturally combines a large transparency range for the fabrication of low‐loss photonic circuits, and a variety of optically active defects for the realization of efficient single‐photon emitters. Furthermore, its high Young's modulus makes it ideal for the implementation of tunable optomechanical devices for active quantum state manipulation. This review reports recent progress on the realization of the main components required for a diamond‐based integrated quantum photonic architecture: single‐photon emitters, static and actively tunable waveguide circuits, and, as a last building block, integrated superconducting single‐photon detectors.
Graphene Nanoribbons with Atomically Sharp Edges Produced by AFM Induced Self‐Folding
Authors: Chang Jee Soo , Kim Sunghyun , Sung Ha‐Jun , Yeon Jegyeong , Chang Kee Joo , Li Xiaoqin , Kim Suenne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe ability to create graphene nanoribbons with atomically sharp edges is important for various graphene applications because these edges significantly influence the overall electronic properties and support unique magnetic edge states. The discovery of graphene self‐folding induced by traveling wave excitation through atomic force microscope scanning under a normal force of less than 15 nN is reported. Most remarkably, the crystallographic direction of self‐folding may be either along a chosen direction defined by the scan line or along the zigzag or armchair direction in the presence of a pre‐existing crack in the vicinity. The crystalline direction of the atomically sharp edge is confirmed via careful lateral force microscopy measurements. Multilayer nanoribbons with lateral dimensions of a few tens of nanometers are realized on the same graphene sheet with different folding types (e.g., z‐type or double parallel). Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the folding dynamics and suggest a monotonic increase of the folded area with the applied normal force. This method may be extended to other 2D van der Waals materials and lead to nanostructures that exhibit novel edge properties without the chemical instability that typically hinders applications of etched or patterned graphene nanostructures.
Phase‐Controlled Synthesis of 1T‐MoSe2/NiSe Heterostructure Nanowire Arrays via Electronic Injection for Synergistically Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Xing , Zhang Yang‐Yang , Zhang Yun , Jiang Wen‐Jie , Zhang Qing‐Hua , Yang Yu‐Guo , Gu Lin , Hu Jin‐Song , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe crystal phase significantly affects the properties and functions of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2). Phase‐engineered synthesis is challenging for constructing metallic‐phase 1T‐MoX2 for better electrocatalysis than their semiconducting counterparts. Here, 1T‐MoSe2 nanosheet arrays are successfully prepared on metallic NiSe nanowires to couple the synergistic effects of efficient hydrogen formation and water dissociation for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Systematic investigations reveal that the electronic injection from NiSe to MoSe2 induces the phase transition from 2H‐ to metallic 1T‐phase. Benefiting from the phase engineering for enhancing intrinsic activity, the heterostructure for synergistically boosting water dissociation—as well as hierarchical 3D catalyst configuration for abundant active sites, efficient electron transport and mass transfer—the obtained shell/core 1T‐MoSe2/NiSe exhibits superior HER activity and durability. Such a strategy paves a new way for fabricating various 1T‐MoX2‐based heterostructures for diverse applications.
A comparison of propofol-to-BIS post-operative intensive care sedation by means of target controlled infusion, Bayesian-based and predictive control methods: an observational, open-label pilot study
Authors: Neckebroek M. , Ionescu C. M. , van Amsterdam K. , De Smet T. , De Baets P. , Decruyenaere J. , De Keyser R. , Struys M. M. R. F. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the feasibility and robustness of three methods for propofol-to-bispectral index (BIS) post-operative intensive care sedation, a manually-adapted target controlled infusion protocol (HUMAN), a computer-controlled predictive control strategy (EPSAC) and a computer-controlled Bayesian rule-based optimized control strategy (BAYES).

Methods
Thirty-six patients undergoing short lasting sedation following cardiac surgery were included to receive propofol to maintain a BIS between 40 and 60. Robustness of control for all groups was analysed using prediction error and spectrographic analysis.

Results
Although similar time courses of measured BIS were obtained in all groups, a higher median propofol effect-site concentration (CePROP) was required in the HUMAN group compared to the BAYES and EPSAC groups. The time course analysis of the remifentanil effect-site concentration (CeREMI) revealed a significant increase in CeREMI in the EPSAC group compared to BAYES and HUMAN during the case. Although similar bias and divergence in control was found in all groups, larger control inaccuracy was observed in HUMAN versus EPSAC and BAYES. Spectrographic analysis of the system behavior shows that BAYES covers the largest spectrum of frequencies, followed by EPSAC and HUMAN.

Conclusions
Both computer-based control systems are feasible to be used during ICU sedation with overall tighter control than HUMAN and even with lower required CePROP. EPSAC control required higher CeREMI than BAYES or HUMAN to maintain stable control.
Clinical trial number: NCT00735631.
X-chromosomale Entwicklungsstörungen im weiblichen Geschlecht
Authors: Fliedner Anna , Zweier Christiane 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
In den letzten Jahren wurden Mutationen in einer wachsenden Zahl von X‑chromosomalen Genen als Ursache für Entwicklungsstörungen bei Mädchen identifiziert. Dies führt zu einer Aufweichung der traditionellen Abgrenzung von X‑chromosomal-rezessiven und X‑chromosomal-dominanten Erbgängen. Für viele X‑chromosomale, mit Entwicklungsstörungen assoziierte Gene zeichnet sich nun ein phänotypisches Spektrum ab, welches beide Geschlechter umfasst. Die Mechanismen, die zu einer oft variablen Krankheitsausprägung zwischen den Geschlechtern aber auch innerhalb des weiblichen Geschlechts führen, sind bisher noch sehr unvollständig verstanden. Verschiedene Faktoren wie Art, Lokalisation und „Schwere“ der jeweiligen Mutation sowie insbesondere die X‑Inaktivierung spielen dabei eine Rolle. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den derzeitigen Kenntnisstand (ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit) X‑chromosomaler Entwicklungsstörungen bei Mädchen. Exemplarisch werden zudem einige neue Krankheitsbilder bei Mädchen beschrieben und diskutiert, die durch De-novo-Mutationen in X‑chromosomalen Genen verursacht werden.
Strukturelle Chromosomenstörungen bei Intelligenzminderung
Authors: Engels Hartmut 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungStrukturelle und numerische Chromosomenstörungen gehören zu den häufigen Ursachen der Intelligenzminderung und psychomotorischen Entwicklungsstörung. Die große Heterogenität der Intelligenzminderung spiegelt sich auch in der Vielfalt möglicher Aberrationstypen und ursächlicher Chromosomenregionen wider. Die konventionelle lichtmikroskopische Zytogenetik kann hierbei u. a. strukturelle Aberrationen mit Größen über ca. 5–10 Megabasenpaaren (Mb) auch in Form kleinerer Mosaike nachweisen und diese im Genom lokalisieren. Durch Fluoreszenz-in situ-Hybridisierung können bei klinischem Verdacht gezielt auch deutlich kleinere Aberrationen, z. B. Mikrodeletionen, detektiert werden. Chromosomale Mikroarrays (CMA) detektieren dank ihrer besseren Auflösung, die bis deutlich unter 0,1 Mb reichen kann, genomweit submikroskopische Mikrodeletionen und Mikroduplikationen, machen jedoch bei Duplikationen keine Aussage zu deren genomischer Lokalisation und können meist niedriggradige Mosaike unter 20 % kaum nachweisen. Zytogenetik und CMA ergänzen sich aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Fähigkeiten und weisen einschließlich der Trisomie 21 jeweils in ungefähr 15 % der Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung ursächliche Chromosomenaberrationen nach. Sie stellen damit neben aktuellen Sequenzierungstechniken ein wichtiges Element der humangenetischen Ursachenabklärung bei Intelligenzminderung dar. Typische chromosomale Aberrationstypen werden beispielhaft besprochen und in das heutige Gesamtbild eingeordnet.
Sustainable Industrial Value Creation in SMEs: A Comparison between Industry 4.0 and Made in China 2025
Authors: Müller Julian M. , Voigt Kai-Ingo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) confronts industrial manufactures with economic, ecological, as well as social benefits and challenges, referring to the Triple Bottom Line of sustainability. So far, research has mainly investigated its dimensions in isolation or economic aspects have not been compared with ecological and social perspectives. Further, research misses studies that are devoted to the special characteristics and requirements of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to contribute to close this research gap, providing a research context that encompasses all three dimensions of sustainability. The results are based on data obtained from 329 SMEs, 222 in Germany and 107 in China, therefore allowing for a comparison of the concepts “Industrie 4.0” and “Made in China 2025” in the context of SMEs. In general, German SMEs expect a lower impact through “Industrie 4.0”, perceiving the concept as more beneficial for larger enterprises. We further find that Chinese SMEs foremost see social benefits. Challenges whilst introducing “Industrie 4.0”by German SMEs as well as several frame conditions are perceived more relevant than for “Made in China 2025”, as seen by Chinese SMEs. The paper closes with implications for research and practice based on these findings.
Interventions to reduce unnecessary central venous catheter use to prevent central-line–associated bloodstream infections in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Xiong Zhaoyu , Chen Haiyan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify, describe, and evaluate interventions to reduce unnecessary central venous catheter (CVC) use to prevent central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in adults.DesignSystematic review.MethodsThe review has been registered in PROSPERO, an international prospective register of systematic reviews. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) from inception until August 28, 2018, to collect experimental and observational studies. We included all studies that implemented interventions to reduce unnecessary CVC use, defined as interventions aimed at improving appropriateness, awareness of device presence, or prompt removal of devices.ResultsIn total, 1,892 unique citations were identified. Among them, 1 study (7.1%) was a randomized controlled trial, 9 studies (64.3%) were quasi-experimental studies, and 4 studies (28.6%) were cohort studies. Furthermore, 13 studies (92.9%) demonstrated a decrease in CVC use after intervention despite different reporting methods, and the reduction rate varied from 6.8% to 85%. Also, 7 studies (50.0%) that reported the incidence of CLABSI described a reduction in CLABSIs ranging from 24.4% to 100.0%. Data on secondary outcomes were limited, and results of the descriptive analysis showed 70%–84% compliance with these interventions, less catheter occlusion, shorter duration of hospitalization, and cost savings.ConclusionsInterventions to reduce unnecessary CVC use significantly decrease the rate of CLABSI. Healthcare providers should strongly consider implementing these interventions for prevention of CLABSI in adults.
Turbulent channel flow past a moving array of spheres
Authors: Vreman A. W. , Kuerten J. G. M. 
Published: October 2018

We have performed a particle-resolved direct numerical simulation of a turbulent channel flow past a moving dilute array of spherical particles. The flow shares important features with dilute vertical gas solid flow at high Stokes number, such as significant attenuation of the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) at low particle volume fraction. The flow has been simulated by means of an overset grid method, using spherical grids around each particle overset on a background non-uniform Cartesian grid. The main focus of the present paper is on the TKE budget, which is analysed both in the fixed channel frame of reference and in the moving particle frame of reference. The overall (domain-integrated) TKE and turbulence production due to mean shear are reduced compared to unladen flow. In the fixed frame, the interfacial term, which represents production due to relative (slip) velocity, accounts for approximately 40 % of the total turbulence production in the channel. As a consequence, the total turbulence production and the overall turbulence dissipation rate remain approximately the same as in the unladen flow. However, a comparison with laminar flow past the same particle configuration reveals that significant parts of various fixed-frame statistics are due to non-turbulent structures, spatial variations that are steady in the moving particle frame. In order to obtain a clearer picture of the modification of the true turbulence and in order to reveal the rich three-dimensional (3-D) statistical structure of turbulence interacting with particles, time averaging in the moving frame of reference of the particle is used to extract the fluctuations entirely due to true turbulence. In the moving frame, the turbulence production is positive near the sides and in the wake, but negative in a region near the front of the particle. The turbulence dissipation rate and even more the dissipation rate of the 3-D mean flow attain very large values on a large part of the particle surface, up to approximately 400 and 4000 times the local turbulence dissipation rate of the unladen flow, respectively. Very close to the particle, viscous diffusion is the dominant transport term, but somewhat further away, in particular near the front and sides of the particle, pressure diffusion and also convection provide large and positive transport contributions to the moving-frame budget. A radial analysis shows that the regions around the particles draw energy from the regions further away via the surprising dominance of the pressure diffusion flux over a large range of radii. Spectra show that (very) far away from the particles all scales of the (true) turbulence are reduced. Near the particles enhancement of small scale turbulence is observed, for the streamwise component of the velocity fluctuation more than for the other components. The most important reason for turbulence reduction and anisotropy increase appears to be particle-induced non-uniformity of the mean driving force of the flow.