bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Forms and Membranes in 4D Supergravities
Authors: Bandos I. , Farakos F. , Lanza S. , Martucci L. , Sorokin D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe review the dynamical generation of coupling constants in 4D supergravity by means of gauge three‐form fields. The latter are introduced as components of particular chiral supermultiplets and can be coupled to membranes preserving local supersymmetry. Such a set‐up naturally arises from type‐II string compactifications on Calabi–Yau manifolds with fluxes. We present generic 4D supergravity models with three‐form multiplets and study domain wall solutions supported by membranes, which interpolate between vacua with different values of the cosmological constant.
Effective Actions for σ‐Models of Poisson–Lie Type
Authors: Jurčo Branislav , Vysoký Jan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract(Quasi‐)Poisson–Lie T‐duality of string effective actions is described in the framework of generalized geometry of Courant algebroids. The approach is based on a generalization of Riemannian geometry in the context of Courant algebroids, including a proper version of a Levi‐Civita connection. In our approach, the dilaton field is encoded in a Levi‐Civita connection and its form is determined by the Courant algebroid geometry. Explicit examples of background solutions are provided using the approach developed in the paper.
Environmentally Benign Approach for the Synthesis of Azo Dyes in the Presence of Mesoporous Sulfated Core‐Shell Zirconia‐Copper(I) Oxide Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Parashuram Lakshminarayana , Sreenivasa Swamy , Akshatha Sathyanarayana Rao , Kumar Velu Udaya , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSulfated solid acid catalyst finds application mainly in the reactions which requires acid sites. Synthesis of azo dyes by diazo coupling in presence of sulfated core shell zirconia‐copper oxide solid acid catalyst (Cu(I)@ZrO2‐SO42−) has been discussed hereunder. A detailed investigation on, the effect of sulfate loading, surface area and surface acidity for the synthesis of azo dyes has been demonstrated. As sulfate loading increased on the catalyst, it decreased its surface area and this was evident from the Brunauer Emmett Teller surface area analysis. The robust catalytic activity of Cu(I)@ZrO2‐SO42− catalyst was due to its super acidity, which arises due to the presence of both Bronsted and Lewis acid sites, this was experimentally confirmed by Pyridine‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ammonia‐temperature programmed desorption studies. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction techniques provided detailed information about the effect of sulfate loading on phase and crystal structure of the catalyst. In the present work we describe a simple, efficient and environmentally benign catalytic process for the synthesis of azo dyes.
Acetone Iodination Kinetics in Flow with Online UV Monitoring and Continuous Control
Authors: Yao Xingjun , Deng Qiulin , Wang Shuhao , Wang Wei , Hou YIxin , Gao Zhibin , Wu Yingshuang , Guo Zengjing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKinetics of acetone iodide synthesis was investigated in a microchannel reaction system mainly composed of a micromixer and a tubular reactor. This system can be used as a plug flow reactor, as proved by the low variance (0.006) of residence time distribution detected by a step stimuli–response tracer. An online ultraviolet monitoring system was built to fast and reliably detect the transmittance of the flowing solution. Reaction kinetics was tested at different reactant concentrations and temperatures (35‐50 °C). Second‐order kinetics concerning acetone and HCl was identified with activation energy of 67.86 kJ/mol.
Biologically Inspired Scaffolds for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering via Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Saidy Navid T. , Wolf Frederic , Bas Onur , Keijdener Hans , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Mela Petra , De‐Juan‐Pardo Elena M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHeart valves are characterized to be highly flexible yet tough, and exhibit complex deformation characteristics such as nonlinearity, anisotropy, and viscoelasticity, which are, at best, only partially recapitulated in scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE). These biomechanical features are dictated by the structural properties and microarchitecture of the major tissue constituents, in particular collagen fibers. In this study, the unique capabilities of melt electrowriting (MEW) are exploited to create functional scaffolds with highly controlled fibrous microarchitectures mimicking the wavy nature of the collagen fibers and their load‐dependent recruitment. Scaffolds with precisely‐defined serpentine architectures reproduce the J‐shaped strain stiffening, anisotropic and viscoelastic behavior of native heart valve leaflets, as demonstrated by quasistatic and dynamic mechanical characterization. They also support the growth of human vascular smooth muscle cells seeded both directly or encapsulated in fibrin, and promote the deposition of valvular extracellular matrix components. Finally, proof‐of‐principle MEW trileaflet valves display excellent acute hydrodynamic performance under aortic physiological conditions in a custom‐made flow loop. The convergence of MEW and a biomimetic design approach enables a new paradigm for the manufacturing of scaffolds with highly controlled microarchitectures, biocompatibility, and stringent nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical properties required for HVTE.
Synthesis Process of CoSeO3 Microspheres for Unordinary Li‐ion Storage Performances and Mechanism of Their Conversion Reaction with Li ions
Authors: Park Gi Dae , Hong Jeong Hoo , Choi Jae Hun , Lee Jong‐Heun , Kim Yang Soo , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMulticomponent materials with various double cations have been studied as anode materials of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Heterostructures formed by coupling different‐bandgap nanocrystals enhance the surface reaction kinetics and facilitate charge transport because of the internal electric field at the heterointerface. Accordingly, metal selenites can be considered efficient anode materials of LIBs because they transform into metal selenide and oxide nanocrystals in the first cycle. However, few studies have reported synthesis of uniquely structured metal selenite microspheres. Herein, synthesis of high‐porosity CoSeO3 microspheres is reported. Through one‐pot oxidation at 400 °C, CoSex–C microspheres formed by spray pyrolysis transform into CoSeO3 microspheres showing unordinary cycling and rate performances. The conversion mechanism of CoSeO3 microspheres for lithium‐ion storage is systematically studied by cyclic voltammetry, in situ X‐ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The reversible reaction mechanism of the CoSeO3 phase from the second cycle onward is evaluated as CoO + xSeO2 + (1 − x)Se + 4(x + 1)Li++ 4( x + 1)e− ↔ Co + (2x + 1)Li2O + Li2Se. The CoSeO3 microspheres show a high reversible capacity of 709 mA h g−1 for the 1400th cycle at a current density of 3 A g−1 and a high reversible capacity of 526 mA h g−1 even at an extremely high current density of 30 A g−1.
Synthesis and application of molecularly imprinted sol‐gels coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography for selective extraction and analysis of dyes from spices
Authors: Bhatia Tejasvi , Chauhan Abhishek , Asati Ankita , Pal Gaurav , Saxena Prem Narain , Mudiam Mohana Krishna Reddy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDual‐imprinted sol‐gel was synthesized for the simultaneous extraction of dyes viz., dimethyl yellow and fast garnet base from the spices followed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Morphological and binding characterization was performed to ensure the efficient synthesis of imprinted sol‐gel. The imprinted sol‐gel was found to exhibit higher binding affinity in comparison to non‐imprinted sol gel. Method exhibit good linearity with R2 value of 0.998 and 0.999 for fast garnet base and dimethyl yellow respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.029 and 0.097 ng g−1 for fast garnet base and 0.021 and 0.070 ng g−1 for dimethyl yellow, respectively. Recoveries of the dyes were found to be in the range of 80–91% at three different concentration levels.
Influence of moisture content in the microstructure on the fatigue deterioration of high‐strength concrete
Authors: Tomann Christoph , Oneschkow Nadja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper is published on the occasion of the 65th birthday of Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ludger Lohaus, Director of the Institute of Building Materials Science, Leibniz University Hannover, and coordinator of the SPP 2020 offering congratulations. Concrete specimens that are submerged in water have a significantly lower fatigue resistance than those that are stored and tested in air. This phenomenon was recognized in the past, but it is still unknown how the moisture content in the microstructure of the concrete influences its resistance against fatigue deterioration. Hence, within the Priority Program SPP 2020 “Cyclic deterioration of High‐Performance Concrete in an experimental virtual lab”, the influence of different moisture contents in the microstructure and the influence of water as an environment on the fatigue resistance of a high‐strength concrete are investigated at the Institute of Building Materials Science, Leibniz University Hannover. This project focuses especially on additional water‐induced damage mechanisms involved in the degradation process. This paper presents results of fatigue tests on high‐strength concrete specimens with different moisture contents tested in air and underwater. The results of the fatigue tests are analyzed regarding the numbers of cycles to failure and selected damage indicators, such as stiffness development and acoustic emission activity.
Are clinical delusions adaptive?
Authors: Lancellotta Eugenia , Bortolotti Lisa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDelusions are symptoms of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and dementia. By and large, delusions are characterized by their behavioral manifestations and defined as irrational beliefs that compromise good functioning. In this overview paper, we ask whether delusions can be adaptive notwithstanding their negative features. Can they be a response to a crisis rather than the source of the crisis? Can they be the beginning of a solution rather than the problem? Some of the psychological, psychiatric, and philosophical literature has recently suggested that they can. We consider different types of delusions and different ways in which they can be considered as adaptive: psychologically (e.g., by increasing wellbeing, purpose in life, intrapsychic coherence, or good functioning) and biologically (e.g., by enhancing genetic fitness). Although further research is needed to map the costs and benefits of adopting and maintaining delusional beliefs, a more nuanced picture of the role of delusions in people's lives has started to emerge.This article is categorized under:

Philosophy > Representation
Philosophy > Knowledge and Belief
Neuroscience > Cognition
Sulfaquinoxaline oxidation by UV‐C activated sodium persulfate: Degradation kinetics and toxicological evaluation
Authors: Boudriche Lilya , Safaei Zahra , Ramasamy Deepika , Sillanpää Mika , Boudjemaa Amel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study evaluates the efficiency of sulfate radicals used in advanced oxidation process in water treatment. The targeted pollutant is an antibiotic, sulfaquinoxaline (SQ‐Na) sodium, widely used in the veterinary field. The results show a degradation of SQ‐Na until 90% after 300 min of irradiation at optimal sodium persulfate (SPS) concentration (200 mg/L). Degradation of the antibiotic obeys a pseudo‐first‐order kinetics when the concentration of sulfate radicals ranging from 0 to 240 mg/L. The decomposition of SQ‐Na via the UV/SPS method is favored significantly under acidic conditions but becomes slow at neutral pH and almost inhibited under alkaline conditions. The contribution of the sulfate radicals alone and of both radicals hydroxyl and sulfate on the SQ‐Na degradation is evaluated at 69% and 80%, respectively. Toxicity tests with Sinapis alba and Daphnia magna on treated samples, before and after irradiation, indicate the formation of new by‐products more toxic during the treatment process.Practitioner points

SQ‐Na was significantly degraded (90%) under UV/SPS system.

SQ‐Na decay exhibited a pseudo‐first‐order kinetics.

SQ‐Na was completely degraded via UV/SPS process under acidic conditions.

The shoot growth appears to be more sensitive to oxidation by‐products toxicity than root growth.

Ineffectiveness in eliminating the ecotoxicity.
Measuring approach–avoidance tendencies towards food with touchscreen-based arm movements
Authors: Meule Adrian , Richard Anna , Lender Anja , Dinic Radomir , Brockmeyer Timo , Rinck Mike , Blechert Jens 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Most tasks for measuring automatic approach–avoidance tendencies do not resemble naturalistic approach–avoidance behaviors. Therefore, we developed a paradigm for the assessment of approach–avoidance tendencies towards palatable food, which is based on arm and hand movements on a touchscreen, thereby mimicking real-life grasping or warding movements. In Study 1 (n = 85), an approach bias towards chocolate-containing foods was found when participants reached towards the stimuli, but not when these stimuli had to be moved on the touchscreen. This approach bias towards food observed in grab movements was replicated in Study 2 (n = 60) and Study 3 (n = 94). Adding task features to disambiguate distance change through either corresponding image zooming (Study 2) or emphasized self-reference (Study 3) did not moderate this effect. Associations between approach bias scores and trait and state chocolate craving were inconsistent across studies. Future studies need to examine whether touchscreen-based approach–avoidance tasks reveal biases towards other stimuli in the appetitive or aversive valence domain and relate to relevant interindividual difference variables.
Tick saliva and its role in pathogen transmission
Authors: Nuttall Patricia A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryTick saliva is a complex mixture of peptidic and non-peptidic molecules that aid engorgement. The composition of tick saliva changes as feeding progresses and the tick counters the dynamic host response. Ixodid ticks such as Ixodes ricinus, the most important tick species in Europe, transmit numerous pathogens that cause debilitating diseases, e.g. Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. Tick-borne pathogens are transmitted in tick saliva during blood feeding; however, saliva is not simply a medium enabling pathogen transfer. Instead, tick-borne pathogens exploit saliva-induced modulation of host responses to promote their transmission and infection, so-called saliva-assisted transmission (SAT). Characterization of the saliva factors that facilitate SAT is an active area of current research. Besides providing new insights into how tick-borne pathogens survive in nature, the research is opening new avenues for vaccine development.
On rates of convergence for sample average approximations in the almost sure sense and in mean
Authors: Banholzer Dirk , Fliege Jörg , Werner Ralf 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe study the rates at which optimal estimators in the sample average approximation approach converge to their deterministic counterparts in the almost sure sense and in mean. To be able to quantify these rates, we consider the law of the iterated logarithm in a Banach space setting and first establish under relatively mild assumptions almost sure convergence rates for the approximating objective functions, which can then be transferred to the estimators for optimal values and solutions of the approximated problem. By exploiting a characterisation of the law of the iterated logarithm in Banach spaces, we are further able to derive under the same assumptions that the estimators also converge in mean, at a rate which essentially coincides with the one in the almost sure sense. This, in turn, allows to quantify the asymptotic bias of optimal estimators as well as to draw conclusive insights on their mean squared error and on the estimators for the optimality gap. Finally, we address the notion of convergence in probability to derive rates in probability for the deviation of optimal estimators and (weak) rates of error probabilities without imposing strong conditions on exponential moments. We discuss the possibility to construct confidence sets for the optimal values and solutions from our obtained results and provide a numerical illustration of the most relevant findings.
Predicting full-scale and verbal intelligence scores from functional Connectomic data in individuals with autism Spectrum disorder
Authors: Dryburgh Elizabeth , McKenna Stephen , Rekik Islem 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Decoding how intelligence is engrained in the human brain construct is vital in the understanding of particular neurological disorders. While the majority of existing studies focus on characterizing intelligence in neurotypical (NT) brains, investigating how neural correlates of intelligence scores are altered by atypical neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), is almost absent. To help fill this gap, we use a connectome-based predictive model (CPM) to predict intelligence scores from functional connectome data, derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). The utilized model learns how to select the most significant positive and negative brain connections, independently, to predict the target intelligence scores in NT and ASD populations, respectively. In the first step, using leave-one-out cross-validation we train a linear regressor robust to outliers to identify functional brain connections that best predict the target intelligence score (p − value < 0.01). Next, for each training subject, positive (respectively negative) connections are summed to produce single-subject positive (respectively negative) summary values. These are then paired with the target training scores to train two linear regressors: (a) a positive model which maps each positive summary value to the subject score, and (b) a negative model which maps each negative summary value to the target score. In the testing stage, by selecting the same connections for the left-out testing subject, we compute their positive and negative summary values, which are then fed to the trained negative and positive models for predicting the target score. This framework was applied to NT and ASD populations independently to identify significant functional connections coding for full-scale and verbal intelligence quotients in the brain.
The use of a self-check-in kiosk for early patient identification and queuing in the emergency department
Authors: Coyle Natalie , Kennedy Andrew , Schull Michael J. , Kiss Alex , Hefferon Darren , Sinclair Paul , Alsharafi Zuhair 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveDelays in triage processes in the emergency department (ED) can compromise patient safety. The aim of this study was to provide proof-of-concept that a self-check-in kiosk could decrease the time needed to identify ambulatory patients arriving in the ED. We compared the use of a novel automated self-check-in kiosk to identify patients on ED arrival to routine nurse-initiated patient identification.MethodsWe performed a prospective trail with random weekly allocation to intervention or control processes during a 10-week study period. During intervention weeks, patients used a self-check-in kiosk to self-identify on arrival. This electronically alerted triage nurses to patient arrival times and primary complaint before triage. During control weeks, kiosks were unavailable and patients were identified using routine nurse-initiated triage. The primary outcome was time-to-first-identification, defined as the interval between ED arrival and identification in the hospital system.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) time-to-first-identification was 1.4 minutes (1.0–2.08) for intervention patients and 9 minutes (5–18) for control patients. Regression analysis revealed that the adjusted time-to-first-identification was 13.6 minutes (95% confidence interval 12.8–14.5) faster for the intervention group.ConclusionA self-check-in kiosk significantly reduced the time-to-first-identification for ambulatory patients arriving in the ED.
The Archive and Chieftainship Claims in Zimbabwe: Some Methodological Reflections
Authors: Bishi George 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:This article focuses on the uses of the archive in contemporary Zimbabwe by individuals and families making claims to chieftaincy. A reading of the colonial archive on chieftainship histories reveals that there is an information gap especially for some years. For instance, from the 1960s to the present, there are relatively few documents specifically relating to the subject of chiefs and headmen in Zimbabwe. As a result, researchers working on chieftainships, hired historians, and claimants to chieftaincy face a frustrating challenge of limited sources. This article analyzes the sources that hired historians use to write chieftaincy claims reports in Zimbabwe for their clients. It also explores the use of oral evidence to complement or counter the narratives offered through colonial documents, and it also recommends the use of alternative sources on chieftaincy, both within and beyond the repositories of the National Archives of Zimbabwe (NAZ).
Crossing Multiple Borders: “The Manyema” in Colonial East Central Africa
Authors: Zöller Katharina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:“The Manyema” are people who have roots in what is today known as eastern Congo and who moved towards the East African coast – and often back – since the time when their area of origin was under African-Arab domination. In separated East and Central African historiographies, the Manyema received only marginal attention so far. Tracing this highly mobile group across East and Central Africa discloses how Manyema actors, in relation to colonial and postcolonial contexts, have negotiated their mobility and identity across East and Central Africa as a single space.