bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Powering of Hα Filaments by Cosmic Rays
Authors: Ruszkowski Mateusz , Yang H.-Y. Karen , Reynolds Christopher S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cluster cool cores possess networks of line-emitting filaments. These filaments are thought to originate via uplift of cold gas from cluster centers by buoyant active galactic nuclei (AGNs) bubbles, or via local thermal instability in the hot intracluster medium (ICM). Therefore, the filaments are either the signatures of AGN feedback or feeding of supermassive black holes. Despite being characterized by very short cooling times, the filaments are significant Hα emitters, which suggests that some process continuously powers these structures. Many cool cores host diffuse radio mini halos and AGN injecting radio plasma, suggesting that cosmic rays (CRs) and magnetic fields are present in the ICM. We argue that the excitation of Alfvén waves by CR streaming, and the replenishment of CR energy via accretion onto the filaments of high-plasma-β ICM characterized by low CR pressure support, can provide the adequate amount of heating to power and sustain the emission from these filaments. This mechanism does not require the CRs to penetrate the filaments, even if the filaments are magnetically isolated from the ambient ICM, and it may operate irrespectively of whether the filaments are dredged up from the center or form in situ in the ICM. This picture is qualitatively consistent with non-thermal line ratios seen in the cold filaments. Future X-ray observations of the iron line complex with XARM, Lynx, or Athena could help to test this model by providing constraints on the amount of CRs in the hot plasma that is cooling and accreting onto the filaments.
Ainda faz sentido discutir políticas públicas sob a perspectiva das regiões? Os desafios do Plano “Brasil sem Miséria”
Authors: Baron de Vargas Tuany 
Published: May 2018

O debate acerca das regiões nacionais tem sido tangencial nos estudos desenvolvimentistas brasileiros. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo central do presente estudo é a instrumentalização do conceito de região para a implementação de políticas públicas que visem a superação das desigualdades econômicas e sociais de maneira igualitária. Para tanto, buscou-se, mediante análise sistemática do Plano «Brasil sem Miséria», verificar de que modo se dá a articulação interfederativa nesse campo e se as características regionais são postas como relevantes. A partir de tal análise verificou-se que, a despeito de todos os méritos, o Plano foi insuficiente na definição de critérios de escolha de áreas prioritárias para atuação em cada frente, tornando-se ineficiente na proteção e proteção dos direitos mais básicos. Tendo isso em vista, concluiu-se pela necessidade da abertura da leitura jurídica à interdisciplinaridade como estratégia epistemológica, fazendo com que, finalmente, se possa começar a trilhar os caminhos da concretização da Constituição.
First observations of the bigfin squid Magnapinna sp. in the Colombian Southern Caribbean
Authors: Guerrero-Kommritz Jurgen , Cantera Jaime , Puentes Vladimir , Leon Jorge 
Published: May 2018

Herein, first observations are reported of Magnapinna squids in the Colombian Southern Caribbean. Two specimens were observed by Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV) during exploratory drilling surveys for hydrocarbons at 1,883 and 2,294 m depth. These are the first observations of specimens of Magnapinna in the Southern Caribbean.
Resumen
La primera observación del calamar Magnapinna sp. en el caribe sur colombiano. Dos especímenes de calamares de aleta grande fueron observados con submarino de operación remota (ROV) durante un proyecto de perforación exploratoria de hidrocaburos a profundidades de 1,883 y de 2,294 m, respectivamente. Estas son las primeras observaciones de especímenes de Magnapinna en el Caribe Sur.
Des camps de squatters au nettoyage urbain : processus et enjeux de catégorisation autour du slum à Delhi
Authors: Dupont Véronique 
Published: May 2018

À partir de recherches menées à Delhi, cet article propose une réflexion sur les désignations des quartiers d’habitat précaire illégaux – les slums – et les interventions-expulsions qui les visent. Les variations de perception et du vocabulaire autour de l’expulsion reflètent la position du locuteur (urbaniste, magistrat, activiste du droit au logement, habitant), ses registres de référence et la visée de ses discours. La thèse défendue est celle d’un effet de la catégorisation des slums et de leurs habitants sur le traitement qui en est fait. Nous montrons comment des catégorisations majoritairement disqualifiantes sont associées à des mises en accusation de situations irrégulières et de criminalisation, l’ensemble fondant des projets d’intervention. L’examen d’une opération de rénovation en cours dans un quartier précaire permet d’illustrer la manière dont les différents acteurs perçoivent et qualifient une même intervention et de souligner les divergences, y compris parmi les résidents. La partie conclusive replace les démolitions de slums dans le contexte plus large des transformations urbaines et des modes de gouvernance privilégiés.
Rapid Turnover and High Production Rate of Myeloid Cells in Adult Rhesus Macaques with Compensations during Aging
Authors: He Ziyuan , Allers Carolina , Sugimoto Chie , Ahmed Nursarat , Fujioka Hideki , Kim Woong-Ki , Didier Elizabeth S. , Kuroda Marcelo J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Neutrophils, basophils, and monocytes are continuously produced in bone marrow via myelopoiesis, circulate in blood, and are eventually removed from circulation to maintain homeostasis. To quantitate the kinetics of myeloid cell movement during homeostasis, we applied 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine pulse labeling in healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) followed by hematology and flow cytometry analyses. Results were applied to a mathematical model, and the blood circulating half-life and daily production, respectively, of each cell type from macaques aged 5–10 y old were calculated for neutrophils (1.63 ± 0.16 d, 1.42 × 109 cells/l/d), basophils (1.78 ± 0.30 d, 5.89 × 106 cells/l/d), and CD14+CD16− classical monocytes (1.01 ± 0.15 d, 3.09 × 108 cells/l/d). Classical monocytes were released into the blood circulation as early as 1 d after dividing, whereas neutrophils remained in bone marrow 4–5 d before being released. Among granulocytes, neutrophils and basophils exhibited distinct kinetics in bone marrow maturation time and blood circulation. With increasing chronological age, there was a significant decrease in daily production of neutrophils and basophils, but the half-life of these granulocytes remained unchanged between 3 and 19 y of age. In contrast, daily production of classical monocytes remained stable through 19 y of age but exhibited a significant decline in half-life. These results demonstrated relatively short half-lives and continuous replenishment of neutrophils, basophils, and classical monocytes during homeostasis in adult rhesus macaques with compensations observed during increasing chronological age.
The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP) Version 1 aerosol extinction retrieval algorithm: theoretical basis
Authors: Loughman Robert , Bhartia Pawan K. , Chen Zhong , Xu Philippe , Nyaku Ernest , Taha Ghassan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The theoretical basis of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb
Profiler (LP) Version 1 aerosol extinction retrieval algorithm is presented.
The algorithm uses an assumed bimodal lognormal aerosol size distribution
to retrieve aerosol extinction profiles at 675 nm from OMPS LP radiance
measurements. A first-guess aerosol extinction profile is updated by
iteration using the Chahine nonlinear relaxation method, based on
comparisons between the measured radiance profile at 675 nm and the radiance
profile calculated by the Gauss–Seidel limb-scattering (GSLS) radiative
transfer model for a spherical-shell atmosphere. This algorithm is discussed
in the context of previous limb-scattering aerosol extinction retrieval
algorithms, and the most significant error sources are enumerated. The
retrieval algorithm is limited primarily by uncertainty about the aerosol
phase function. Horizontal variations in aerosol extinction, which violate
the spherical-shell atmosphere assumed in the version 1 algorithm, may also
limit the quality of the retrieved aerosol extinction profiles significantly.
Determination of gravity wave parameters in the airglow combining photometer and imager data
Authors: Nyassor Prosper K. , Buriti Ricardo Arlen , Paulino Igo , Medeiros Amauri F. , Takahashi Hisao , Wrasse Cristiano M. , Gobbi Delano 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Mesospheric airglow measurements of two or three layers were used
to characterize both vertical and horizontal parameters of gravity waves. The
data set was acquired coincidentally from a multi-channel filter (Multi-3)
photometer and an all-sky imager located at São João do Cariri
(7.4∘ S, 36.5∘ W) in the equatorial region from 2001 to
2007. Using a least-square fitting and wavelet analysis technique, the phase
and amplitude of each observed wave were determined, as well as the amplitude
growth. Using the dispersion relation of gravity waves, the vertical and
horizontal wavelengths were estimated and compared to the horizontal
wavelength obtained from the keogram analysis of the images observed by an
all-sky imager. The results show that both horizontal and vertical
wavelengths, obtained from the dispersion relation and keogram analysis,
agree very well for the waves observed on the nights of 14 October and
18 December 2006. The determined parameters showed that the observed wave on
the night of 18 December 2006 had a period of ∼43.8±2.19 min,
with the horizontal wavelength of 235.66 ± 11.78 km having a downward
phase propagation, whereas that of 14 October 2006 propagated with a period
of ∼36.00±1.80 min with a horizontal wavelength of
∼195±9.80 km, and with an upward phase propagation. The
observation of a wave taken by a photometer and an all-sky imager allowed us
to conclude that the same wave could be observed by both instruments,
permitting the investigation of the two-dimensional wave parameter. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (airglow and aurora) – electromagnetics (wave propagation) – history of geophysics (atmospheric sciences)
The Roots of the Contemporary Moravian Church in North America
Authors: Schattschneider David A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Traditionally, the history of the Moravian Church has been divided into two parts: the Ancient Unity (1457–1620) and the Renewed Unity (1722–today). The author suggests a different division for the history of the American Moravian Church: a colonial period (1735–1857) and a contemporary period (1857–today). Scholars and tourists are almost exclusively interested in the colonial period of the Moravians, while Moravian leaders do not value the external perception of the colonial period but rather create an internal perception of the Moravian Church, rejecting the characteristics of the colonial era. The author examines these two interpretations and offers suggestions to reconcile them in the future.
The Textual History of the 1742 Bethlehem Diary
Authors: Peucker Paul 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Multiple copies exist of the earliest months of the Bethlehem diary, showing substantial differences. These differences were made by editors working on multiple copies on both sides of the Atlantic. Zinzendorf's substantial additions to the diary were taken to Europe in the summer of 1742. The final version Georg Neisser later created in Bethlehem therefore does not include these additions. This research note offers an overview of the different versions and their relationship to each other.
Activities of Versatile Peroxidase in Cultures of Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata and Clonostachys rosea f. rosea during Biotransformation of Alkali Lignin
Authors: Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk Kamila , Korniłłowicz-Kowalska Teresa 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was the evaluation of activities of versatile peroxidase (VP) in cultures of Clonostachys sp. (Gliocladium sp.) strains during biotransformation of 0.2% alkali lignin (AL). The principal component analysis (PCA) method was applied to determine the main factors and correlation between biotransformation of 0.2% AL, activity of VPs, pH value, and Clonostachys sp. strains. The biotransformation of 0.2% AL in cultures of microscopic fungi included decolorization (medium lightening) and colorization (darkening of the medium). The versatile peroxidase synthesized by the microscopic fungi tested showed activity for oxidation of Mn(II) and guaiacol, but the activity for oxidation of guaiacol in the presence of Mn(II) was significantly higher. The PCA analysis indicated a strong correlation between biotransformation of 0.2% AL and pH and between oxidation of Mn(II), guaiacol without and in the presence of Mn(II) ions, strains, and pH.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES VITAIS DE PONTOS DE CULTURA NO ORGANISMO DO PAÍS
Authors: Pardo Ana Lúcia 
Published: May 2018

De que forma a cultura pode ser usada para manter as relações de dominação? E, ao mesmo tempo, em que contribui para o pensamento crítico e uma possível quebra de hegemonia, ruptura ou forma de resistência a essas relações dominantes? Que alternativas de ações são desenvolvidas pelo Ponto de Cultura de forma a despertar através da cultura a consciência crítica e uma transformação na realidade? Essas são questões centrais da pesquisa que tem como objeto o Ponto de Cultura, principal ação do Programa Cultura Viva implementado pelo Ministério da Cultura. O estudo teórico das categorias: cultura, alienação e hegemonia, fundamentado em diversos autores e a análise dialética foram realizadas a partir do trabalho de campo realizado com três Pontos de Cultura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Centro de Educação Lúdica da Rocinha, Centro de Teatro do Oprimido e o Quilombo Campinho da Independência, localizado no Município de Paraty.
Palavras-chaves: Cultura, alienação, contra-hegemonia, política pública, autonomia.
Change of Ownership and Quality of Home Health Agency Care
Authors: Zhang Zhanji , Li Kun , Wang Siyi , Fashaw-Walters Shekinah , Hou Yucheng 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe home health agency (HHA) market has seen increasingly more change in ownership transactions. Little is known about the organizational characteristics and quality of care of HHAs after ownership has changed.ObjectiveTo examine whether an HHA change in ownership was associated with different quality-of-care outcomes, patient volume, and staffing levels.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing current HHA change of ownership files linked to publicly available Medicare HHA data, this staggered difference-in-differences analysis evaluated ownership change transactions of Medicare-certified HHAs from quarter 1 of 2016 to quarter 4 of 2019. Pretransaction and posttransaction HHA characteristics and quality-of-care outcomes were compared between HHAs that changed ownership and up to 8 matched controls. The transactions in the main analysis included (1) when an HHA remained as for-profit with a change in ownership and (2) when an HHA changed from nonprofit/public to for-profit ownership. The data were analyzed between November 2023 and September 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were HHA-quarter measures of star ratings, the individual quality measures that compose the star ratings based on the Outcome and Assessment Information Set, and claims-based quality metrics, such as hospitalizations and emergency department visits. The secondary outcomes included HHA year measures of Medicare patient volume, per capita payments, and staffing levels (full-time equivalents and minutes per visit).ResultsThe main dataset included 294 Medicare-certified HHAs that changed ownership, matched with 2330 controls. In 3 years after an ownership change, quarterly star ratings increased by 0.18 (95% CI, 0.05-0.31) relative to matched controls, with greater increases among HHAs that converted from nonprofit/public to for-profit. No significant improvement was observed in the 60-day rates of hospital admissions or outpatient emergency department visits. Further, no significant changes were observed in the number of Medicare beneficiaries, but per capita payments increased within 2 years post–ownership change. Significant reductions were observed in full-time equivalents of registered nurses (−17% [95% CI, −31% to −3%]) and home health aides (−26% [95% CI, −39% to −13%]), as well as per-visit minutes for skilled nursing care (−5% [95% CI, −9% to −1%]), physical therapy (−3% [95% CI, −5% to 0%]), and home health aide care (−11% [95% CI, −15% to −6%]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this difference-in-differences analysis of Medicare-certified HHAs, ownership change was associated with higher star ratings and Medicare per capita payments, but not with claims-based quality measures. Reduction in staffing levels after ownership change raises concerns about implications for quality of care.
State and National Estimates of the Cost of Emergency Department Pediatric Readiness and Lives Saved
Authors: Newgard Craig D. , Lin Amber , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D. , Remick Katherine E. , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Burd Randall S. , Malveau Susan , Cook Jennifer N. B. , Jenkins Peter C. , Ames Stefanie G. , Mann N. Clay , Glass Nina E. , Hewes Hilary A. , Fallat Mary , Salvi Apoorva , Carr Brendan G. , McConnell K. John , Stephens Caroline Q. , Ford Rachel , Auerbach Marc A. , Babcock Sean , Kuppermann Nathan 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceHigh emergency department (ED) pediatric readiness is associated with improved survival among children receiving emergency care, but state and national costs to reach high ED readiness and the resulting number of lives that may be saved are unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate the state and national annual costs of raising all EDs to high pediatric readiness and the resulting number of pediatric lives that may be saved each year.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from EDs in 50 US states and the District of Columbia from 2012 through 2022. Eligible children were ages 0 to 17 years receiving emergency services in US EDs and requiring admission, transfer to another hospital for admission, or dying in the ED (collectively termed at-risk children). Data were analyzed from October 2023 to May 2024.ExposureEDs considered to have high readiness, with a weighted pediatric readiness score of 88 or above (range 0 to 100, with higher numbers representing higher readiness).Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnnual hospital expenditures to reach high ED readiness from current levels and the resulting number of pediatric lives that may be saved through universal high ED readiness.ResultsA total 842 of 4840 EDs (17.4%; range, 2.9% to 100% by state) had high pediatric readiness. The annual US cost for all EDs to reach high pediatric readiness from current levels was $207 335 302 (95% CI, $188 401 692-$226 268 912), ranging from $0 to $11.84 per child by state. Of the 7619 child deaths occurring annually after presentation, 2143 (28.1%; 95% CI, 678-3608) were preventable through universal high ED pediatric readiness, with population-adjusted state estimates ranging from 0 to 69 pediatric lives per year.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, raising all EDs to high pediatric readiness was estimated to prevent more than one-quarter of deaths among children receiving emergency services, with modest financial investment. State and national policies that raise ED pediatric readiness may save thousands of children’s lives each year.
Meal Timing and Anthropometric and Metabolic Outcomes
Authors: Liu Hiu Yee , Eso Ashley A. , Cook Nathan , O’Neill Hayley M. , Albarqouni Loai 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceMeal timing strategies, such as time-restricted eating (TRE), reducing meal frequency, or altering calorie distribution across the day, have gained interest for their potential to enhance weight loss and metabolic health, particularly in managing chronic diseases, yet their long-term benefits are not known.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between meal timing strategies (≥12 weeks) and anthropometric and metabolic indicators.Data SourcesMedline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception to October 17, 2023.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials, regardless of language and publication date, involving adults 18 years and older, evaluating within-day meal timing patterns for 12 or more weeks, and reporting anthropometric measures were included. Studies were excluded if participants had eating disorders, prior significant weight change, underwent bariatric surgery, were pregnant, or if controlled variables differed between groups.Data Extraction and SynthesisStudy quality was determined via Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Data were extracted independently by multiple reviewers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were used. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model on pooled continuous outcomes with 2 or more studies.Main Outcome and MeasuresWeight change in kilograms, reported as between-group mean difference with 95% CIs.ResultsSixty-nine reports of 29 randomized clinical trials including 2485 individuals (1703 [69%] female; mean [SD] age, 44 [9.5] years; and mean [SD] body mass index, 33 [3.5]) were included. Study interventions included TRE (17 studies), meal frequency (8 studies), and calorie distribution (4 studies). There were some concerns of risk of bias for 7 studies and high concerns for 22 studies. Statistically significant weight change was observed in TRE when compared with control (–1.37 kg; 95% CI, –1.99 to –0.75 kg). Lower meal frequency and earlier caloric distribution were also both associated with greater change (–1.85 kg; 95% CI, –3.55 to –0.13 kg; and –1.75 kg; 95% CI, –2.37 to –1.13 kg, respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this meta-analysis suggest that TRE, lower meal frequency, and earlier caloric distribution in the day may reduce weight compared with standard care and/or nutritional advice; however, the effect sizes found were small and of uncertain clinical importance. High heterogeneity and risk of bias among included studies led to concerns about the certainty of the underpinning evidence. Further research, including trials with larger sample sizes, standardized interventions with prescribed or matched energy intake, and longer follow-up, are needed.