bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupy College Street: Student Radicalism in Kolkata in the Sixties
Authors: Samaddar Ranabir 
Published: February 2019

1968 saw a wave of protests and student radicalism in India, some of the tactics and issues of which were reminiscent of those in Europe and North America. The anti-imperialist theme was similarly strident, and the student and youth movement posed serious challenges to the old established Left, sharing traits of a global New Left agenda. The upsurge of post-independence radicalism in India, however, drew on different historical legacies, and exhibited many specific features, all of which culminated in the student and youth upsurge of 1968–69. In order to demonstrate the complex history and legacy of 60s radicalism in India, this essay takes us back to the sixties in Kolkata when the insurgent movement in West Bengal had developed the tactic of occupation, which helped the movement crystallize and caused, ironically, the undoing of the mobilization in the end. Occupy as a tactic thus has a history, and the radicals of today perhaps in their enthusiasm for the New Left ethos have ignored the history of the insurgent tactics of the past, especially tactics developed in the postcolonial context.
Evaluations of Climate and Land Management Effects on Lake Carbon Cycling Need to Account for Temporal Variability in CO2 Concentrations
Authors: Klaus Marcus , Seekell David A. , Lidberg William , Karlsson Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in lakes vary strongly over time. This variability is rarely captured by environmental monitoring but is crucial for accurately assessing the magnitude of lake CO2 emissions. However, it is unknown to what extent temporal variability needs to be captured to understand important drivers of lake carbon cycling such as climate and land management. We used environmental monitoring data of Swedish forest lakes collected in autumn (n = 439) and throughout the whole open water season (n = 22) from a wet and a dry year to assess temporal variability in effects of climate and forestry on CO2 concentrations across lakes. Effects differed depending on the season and year sampled. According to cross‐lake comparisons based on autumn data, CO2 concentrations increased with annual mean air temperature (dry year) or catchment forest productivity (wet year) but were not related to colored dissolved organic matter concentrations. In contrast, open water‐season averaged CO2 concentrations were similar across temperature and productivity gradients but increased with colored dissolved organic matter. These contradictions resulted from scale mismatches in input data, lead to weak explanatory power (R2 = 9–32%), and were consistent across published data from 79 temperate, boreal, and arctic lakes. In a global survey of 144 published studies, we identified a trade‐off between temporal and spatial coverage of CO2 sampling. This trade‐off clearly determines which conclusions are drawn from landscape‐scale CO2 assessments. Accurate evaluations of the effects of climate and land management require spatially and temporally representative data that can be provided by emerging sensor technologies and forms of collaborative sampling.
Underwater Ice Terrace Observed at the Front of Glaciar Grey, a Freshwater Calving Glacier in Patagonia
Authors: Sugiyama Shin , Minowa Masahiro , Schaefer Marius 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderwater ice geometry at the front of calving glaciers provides crucial information for calving and underwater melting. In this study, we present ice geometry captured by operating a side‐scanning sonar near the front of Glaciar Grey, a freshwater calving glacier in Patagonia. The observations revealed ice projecting into the lake with a substantially different structure from that of known tidewater glaciers. Terrace‐like ice structures were found at several tens of meters below the water surface and extended up to 100 m from the aerial ice front. The structure depicted by the sonar was confirmed when the ice front was exposed by flotation during a major calving event. We infer that buoyant force acting on the submerged ice terrace acted as a driver of the calving event. Our study demonstrates the importance of the underwater ice geometry, which affects sizable calving at the front of freshwater calving glaciers.
Measurements of Geomagnetic Declination (1685–1910) Using Land Surveys, LiDAR, and Stone Walls
Authors: Delano John W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNearly 1,200 km of boundaries surveyed in 1685–1910, upon which stone walls were subsequently built, were measured using high‐resolution Light Detection and Ranging in the northeastern United States (New Hampshire and New York). The geomagnetic declinations at the time of the original land surveys of those stone wall‐defined boundaries have been determined and compared with (i) current geophysical models (i.e., gufm1, IGRF12; United States Historical Declinations) and (ii) measured declinations (Bauer, 1902). With the exception of lower declinations (i.e., 1.5° eastward) in 1775–1810, the results of this study are in good agreement with gufm1 and IGRF12 geomagnetic declinations. This study yielded systematically higher declinations (i.e., up to 2.0° westerly) than the United States Historical Declination values during 1750–1780. These results demonstrate that geomagnetic declination can be determined when durable, human‐engineered structures on land (e.g., stone walls, roads) are accompanied by detailed historical documentation and accurate land surveys. An example of using old streets (1699) in Colonial Williamsburg, VA, is also discussed. Precisions of the bearings along boundaries in the seventeenth‐ to nineteenth‐century land surveys used this study were typically better than ±0.30°.
Storm Catalog‐Based Analysis of Rainfall Heterogeneity and Frequency in a Complex Terrain
Authors: Zhou Zhengzheng , Smith James A. , Wright Daniel B. , Baeck Mary Lynn , Yang Long , Liu Shuguang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUrban development, topographic relief, and coastal boundaries can all exert influences on storm hydroclimatology, making rainfall and flood frequency analysis a major challenge. This study explores heterogeneity in extreme rainfall in the Baltimore Metropolitan region at small spatial scales using hydrometeorological analyses of major storm events in combination with hydroclimatological analyses based on storm catalogs developed using a 16‐year record of high‐resolution bias‐corrected radar rainfall fields. Our analyses demonstrate the potential for rainfall frequency methods using storm catalogs combined with stochastic storm transposition (SST); procedures are implemented for Dead Run, a small (14.3 km2) urban watershed located within the Baltimore Metropolitan area. The results point to the pronounced impact of complex terrain (including the Chesapeake Bay to the east, mountainous terrain to the west and urbanization in the region) on the regional rainfall climatology. Warm‐season thunderstorm systems are shown to be the dominant mechanism for generating extreme, short‐duration rainfall that leads to flash flooding. The SST approach is extended through the implementation of a multiplier field that accounts for spatial heterogeneities in extreme rainfall magnitude. SST‐based analyses demonstrate the need to consider rainfall heterogeneity at multiple scales when estimating the rainfall intensity‐duration‐frequency relationships.
Deregulated Gab2 phosphorylation mediates aberrant AKT and STAT3 signaling upon PIK3R1 loss in ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Xinran , Mak Victor C. Y. , Zhou Yuan , Wang Chao , Wong Esther S. Y. , Sharma Rakesh , Lu Yiling , Cheung Annie N. Y. , Mills Gordon B. , Cheung Lydia W. T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCopy number loss of PIK3R1 (p85α) most commonly occurs in ovarian cancer among all cancer types. Here we report that ovarian cancer cells manifest a spectrum of tumorigenic phenotypes upon knockdown of PIK3R1. PIK3R1 loss activates AKT and p110-independent JAK2/STAT3 signaling through inducing changes in the phosphorylation of the docking protein Gab2, thereby relieving the negative inhibition on AKT and promoting the assembly of JAK2/STAT3 signalosome, respectively. Additional mechanisms leading to AKT activation include enhanced p110α kinase activity and a decrease in PTEN level. PIK3R1 loss renders ovarian cancer cells vulnerable to inhibition of AKT or JAK2/STAT3. The combination of AKT and STAT3 inhibitors significantly increases the anti-tumor effect compared to single-agent treatments. Together, our findings provide a rationale for mechanism-based therapeutic approach that targets tumors with loss of PIK3R1.
Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov and vortex phases in a layered organic superconductor
Authors: Sugiura Shiori , Isono Takayuki , Terashima Taichi , Yasuzuka Syuma , Schlueter John A. , Uji Shinya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSuperconductivity is one of the most intriguing topics in solid state physics. Generally, the superconducting Cooper pairs are broken by the Zeeman effect, which gives the so-called Pauli paramagnetic limit HPauli. However, when the superconductivity is in the clean limit and the orbital effect is strongly quenched, the Cooper pairs can survive even above HPauli, which is the so-called Fulde and Ferrell, and Larkin and Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the discovery of the FFLO phase. However, vortex phase transitions have given rise to considerable ambiguity in the interpretation of the experimental data. Here, we report comprehensive magnetocaloric and torque studies of the FFLO phase transition in a highly two-dimensional organic superconductor. We observe the FFLO phase transition clearly distinct from vortex melting transitions. The phase diagram provides crucial information on the stability of the FFLO phase in magnetic fields.
Soil properties and productivity in two long-term crop rotations differing with respect to organic matter management on an Albic Luvisol
Authors: Martyniuk S. , Pikuła D. , Kozieł M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study was based on a three-factor experiment carried out since 1980 on a loamy sand (Albic Luvisol) in which arable crops were grown in two 4-years rotations: RotA (grain maize, winter wheat, spring barley and silage maize) and RotB [grain maize, winter wheat plus mustard green manure (GM), spring barley and grass–clover ley (GCL)]. The soil in RotB with an increased input of OM (GM and 1-year GCL) accumulated significantly larger amounts of soil organic carbon and soil microbial biomass C, had higher activities of dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase enzymes and gave significantly higher winter wheat grain yields compared to the soil in RotA. However, in the absence of liming, the soil in RotB, contrary to that in RotA, became more acidic, had reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase and lower contents of Ca and Mg, and contained a diminished proportion of the >0.5 mm macroaggregates fraction. These soil deteriorative effects of crop rotations delivering larger amounts of OM have not been reported so far. In both rotations FYM applied once per 4-year rotation at 40 Mg ha−1 improved all the tested soil properties and had mitigating effects on the negative changes found in the soil of RotB.
A Three-dimensional Floating Air Cathode with Dual Oxygen Supplies for Energy-efficient Production of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhang Haichuan , Li Yingjie , Zhang Hao , Li Guanghe , Zhang Fang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe in situ and cleaner electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through two-electron oxygen reduction reaction has drawn increasing attentions in environmental applications as an alterantive to traditional anthraquinone process. Air cathodes avoid the need of aeration, but face the challenges of declined performance during scale-up due to non-uniform water infiltration or even water leakage, which is resulted from changing water pressures and immature cathode fabrication at a large scale. To address these challenges, a three-dimensional (3-D) floating air cathode (FAC) was built around the commercial sponge, by coating with carbon black/poly(tetrafluoroethylene) using a simple dipping-drying method. The FAC floated on the water-air interface without extensive water-proof measures, and could utilize oxygen both from passive diffusion and anodic oxygen evolution to produce H2O2. The FAC with six times of dipping treatment produced a maximum H2O2 concentration of 177.9 ± 26.1 mg L−1 at 90 min, with low energy consumption of 7.1 ± 0.003 Wh g−1 and stable performance during 10 cycles of operation. Our results showed that this 3-D FAC is a promising approach for in situ H2O2 production for both environmental remediation and industrial applications.
Dendritic cell targeted Ccl3- and Xcl1-fusion DNA vaccines differ in induced immune responses and optimal delivery site
Authors: Lysén Anna , Braathen Ranveig , Gudjonsson Arnar , Tesfaye Demo Yemane , Bogen Bjarne , Fossum Even 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFusing antigens to chemokines to target antigen presenting cells (APC) is a promising method for enhancing immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. However, it is unclear how different chemokines compare in terms of immune potentiating effects. Here we compare Ccl3- and Xcl1-fusion vaccines containing hemagglutinin (HA) from influenza A delivered by intramuscular (i.m.) or intradermal (i.d.) DNA vaccination. Xcl1 fusion vaccines target cDC1s, and enhance proliferation of CD4+and CD8+T cellsin vitro. In contrast, Ccl3 target both cDC1 and cDC2, but only enhance CD4+T cell proliferation in combination with cDC2. When Ccl3- or Xcl1-HA fusion vaccines were administered by i.m. DNA immunization, both vaccines induced Th1-polarized immune responses with antibodies of the IgG2a/IgG2b subclass and IFNγ-secreting T cells. After i.d. DNA vaccination, however, only Xcl1-HA maintained a Th1 polarized response and induced even higher numbers of IFNγ-secreting T cells. Consequently, Xcl1-HA induced superior protection against influenza infection compared to Ccl3-HA after i.d. immunization. Interestingly, i.m. immunization with Ccl3-HA induced the strongest overallin vivocytotoxicity, despite not inducing OT-I proliferationin vitro. In summary, our results highlight important differences between Ccl3- and Xcl1- targeted DNA vaccines suggesting that chemokine fusion vaccines can be tailor-made for different diseases.
IL-24 contributes to skin inflammation in Para-Phenylenediamine-induced contact hypersensitivity
Authors: Van Belle Astrid B. , Cochez Perrine M. , de Heusch Magali , Pointner Lisa , Opsomer Remi , Raynaud Peggy , Achouri Younes , Hendrickx Emilie , Cheou Pamela , Warnier Guy , Renauld Jean-Christophe , Baeck Marie , Dumoutier Laure 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPara-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an aromatic amine used in hair dyes and in temporary black henna tattoos, which is a frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). ACD is a skin inflammatory reaction characterized by modifications such as spongiosis, exocytosis and acanthosis. The aim of this study is to characterize the expression and the role of IL-20-related cytokines, including IL-19, IL-20, IL-22 and IL-24, in ACD. The expression ofIL19,IL20,IL22andIL24is increased in affected skin from PPD allergic patients compared with uninvolved skin. In addition, the expression of these cytokines positively correlates with clinical symptoms. To assess their role in ACD, we set up a mouse model of PPD-induced allergic contact dermatitis and we showed that, in contrast toIl22-deficient mice,Il22ra1-,Il20rb- andIl24-deficient mice are partially protected against development of PPD-induced contact hypersensitivity. These mice have decreased ear thickening and less acanthosis compared with WT mice after PPD treatment. In addition, the absence of IL-22R, IL-20R2 or IL-24 affects the recruitment of neutrophils into the skin but not the total IgE production. Taken together, these results demonstrate the implication of IL-24 via the IL-20R type II receptor in the inflammatory process of ACD.
Egg White Hydrolysate as a functional food ingredient to prevent cognitive dysfunction in rats following long-term exposure to aluminum
Authors: Martinez Caroline Silveira , Alterman Caroline D. C. , Vera Gema , Márquez Antonio , Uranga José-A , Peçanha Franck Maciel , Vassallo Dalton Valentim , Exley Christopher , Mello-Carpes Pâmela B. , Miguel Marta , Wiggers Giulia Alessandra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAluminum (Al), which is omnipresent in human life, is a potent neurotoxin. Here, we have tested the potential for Egg White Hydrolysate (EWH) to protect against changes in cognitive function in rats exposed to both high and low levels of Al. Indeed, EWH has been previously shown to improve the negative effects induced by chronic exposure to heavy metals. Male Wistar rats received orally: Group 1) Low aluminum level (AlCl3 at a dose of 8.3 mg/kg b.w. during 60 days) with or without EWH treatment (1 g/kg/day); Group 2) High aluminum level (AlCl3 at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. during 42 days) with or without EWH treatment (1 g/kg/day). After 60 or 42 days of exposure, rats exposed to Al and EWH did not show memory or cognitive dysfunction as was observed in Al-treated animals. Indeed, co-treatment with EWH prevented catalepsy, hippocampal oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and increased number of activated microglia and COX-2-positive cells induced by Al exposure. Altogether, since hippocampal inflammation and oxidative damage were partially prevented by EWH, our results suggest that it could be used as a protective agent against the detrimental effects of long term exposure to Al.
Rab33a and Rab33ba mediate the outgrowth of forebrain commissural axons in the zebrafish brain
Authors: Huang Liguo , Urasaki Akihiro , Inagaki Naoyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRab small GTPases play key roles in intracellular membrane trafficking. Rab33a promotes axon outgrowth of cultured rat hippocampal neurons by mediating the anterograde axonal transport of Golgi-derived vesicles and the concomitant exocytosis of these vesicles at the growth cone. However, the functions of Rab33in vivoare unclear. Here, we show that zebrafishrab33aandrab33baare orthologs of mammalianRab33aandRab33b, respectively. They are expressed in the developing brain, including in neurons of the telencephalic dorsorostral cluster and the diencephalic ventrorostral cluster, which project axons to form the anterior and postoptic commissures, respectively. Althoughrab33asingle mutant andrab33basingle mutant fish did not show remarkable defects, fish carrying therab33a;rab33badouble mutations displayed dysgenesis of the anterior and postoptic commissures. Single-cell labeling in the telencephalic dorsorostral cluster demonstrated that therab33a;rab33badouble mutation inhibits axonal extension in the anterior commissure. These results suggest that Rab33a and Rab33ba mediate axon outgrowth and the formation of the forebrain commissures in the zebrafish brain in a cooperative manner.
Structural basis for chemically-induced homodimerization of a single domain antibody
Authors: Lesne Jean , Chang Hung-Ju , De Visch Angelique , Paloni Matteo , Barthe Philippe , Guichou Jean-François , Mayonove Pauline , Barducci Alessandro , Labesse Gilles , Bonnet Jerome , Cohen-Gonsaud Martin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChemically-induced dimerization (CID) systems are essential tools to interrogate and control biological systems. AcVHH is a single domain antibody homo-dimerizing upon caffeine binding. AcVHH has a strong potential for clinical applications through caffeine-mediated in vivo control of therapeutic gene networks. Here we provide the structural basis for caffeine-induced homo-dimerization of acVHH.
An open source web application for distributed geospatial data exploration
Authors: Curry Patrick A. , Moosdorf Nils 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe number of online data repositories is growing and they are becoming increasingly difficult to navigate. Data are scattered among different repositories, or hidden on personal or institutional servers. To access data, users must search extensively and rely on site-specific tools. These hurdles substantially inhibit data findability and accessibility; in particular, those in the long tail of data. We developed an open source web application, Spatial Data Hub, that is a geospatial data index, connected to remote Internet sources. It allows simultaneous display and comparison of disparate datasets on a single map. It aims to promote all data equally and provide the flexibility to connect to any storage system, effectively making long-tail datasets as visible as those in large, established repositories. Its low barrier of entry allows scientists and organizations to easily add data throughout the research process; enhancing transparency, openness and reproducibility. This flexibility and functionality makes Spatial Data Hub a novel platform for researchers to promote their work, develop new hypotheses and create new collaborations.
Die Sarkoidose aus dermatologischer Perspektive
Authors: Giner T. , Kerstan A. , Benoit S. , Goebeler M. 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Sarkoidose ist eine seltene Multisystemerkrankung, welche durch nicht-verkäsende Granulome charakterisiert ist, die sich an verschiedenen Organen manifestieren können. Die Pathogenese der Sarkoidose ist nicht vollständig geklärt, neben genetischen Faktoren spielen auch infektiöse Triggerfaktoren sowie Umwelteinflüsse eine Rolle. Die Lunge ist bei über 90 % der Patienten betroffen und damit das am häufigsten involvierte Organ. Es folgt die Haut, die bei bis zu einem Drittel der Sarkoidose-Patienten Auffälligkeiten aufweist, welche anderen Organbeteiligungen häufig vorausgehen. Es ist daher wichtig, die Sarkoidose der Haut frühzeitig zu diagnostizieren, damit eine symptomorientierte Durchuntersuchung und Therapie in die Wege geleitet werden können. Letztere gestaltet sich oft schwierig, da evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlungen weitgehend fehlen.In dieser Übersichtarbeit werden die dermatologische Vielgestaltigkeit der Erkrankung, die empfohlenen fachspezifischen und fachübergreifenden Untersuchungen sowie die Therapiemöglichkeiten vorgestellt und diskutiert.