bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RANK drives structured intestinal epithelial expansion during pregnancy
Authors: Onji Masahiro , Sigl Verena , Lendl Thomas , Novatchkova Maria , Ullate-Agote Asier , Andersson-Rolf Amanda , Kozieradzki Ivona , Koglgruber Rubina , Pai Tsung-Pin , Lichtscheidl Dominic , Nayak Komal , Zilbauer Matthias , Carranza García Natalia A. , Sievers Laura Katharina , Falk-Paulsen Maren , Cronin Shane J. F. , Hagelkruys Astrid , Sawa Shinichiro , Osborne Lisa C. , Rosenstiel Philip , Pasparakis Manolis , Ruland Jürgen , Takayanagi Hiroshi , Clevers Hans , Koo Bon-Kyoung , Penninger Josef M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring reproduction, multiple species such as insects and all mammals undergo extensive physiological and morphological adaptions to ensure health and survival of the mother and optimal development of the offspring. Here we report that the intestinal epithelium undergoes expansion during pregnancy and lactation in mammals. This enlargement of the intestinal surface area results in a novel geometry of expanded villi. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ (RANK, encoded by TNFRSF11A) and its ligand RANKL were identified as a molecular pathway involved in this villous expansion of the small intestine in vivo in mice and in intestinal mouse and human organoids. Mechanistically, RANK–RANKL protects gut epithelial cells from cell death and controls the intestinal stem cell niche through BMP receptor signalling, resulting in the elongation of villi and a prominent increase in the intestinal surface. As a transgenerational consequence, babies born to female mice that lack Rank in the intestinal epithelium show reduced weight and develop glucose intolerance after metabolic stress. Whereas gut epithelial remodelling in pregnancy/lactation is reversible, constitutive expression of an active form of RANK is sufficient to drive intestinal expansion followed by loss of villi and stem cells, and prevents the formation of Apcmin-driven small intestinal stem cell tumours. These data identify RANK–RANKL as a pathway that drives intestinal epithelial expansion in pregnancy/lactation, one of the most elusive and fundamental tissue remodelling events in mammalian life history and evolution.
Weather- and climate-driven power supply and demand time series for power and energy system analyses
Authors: Antonini Enrico G. A. , Di Bella Alice , Savelli Iacopo , Drouet Laurent , Tavoni Massimo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReaching net-zero carbon emissions requires large shares of intermittent renewable energy and the electrification of end-use consumption, such as heating, making the future energy system highly dependent on weather variability and climate change. Weather exhibits fluctuations on temporal scales ranging from sub-hourly to yearly while climate variations occur on decadal scales. To investigate the intricate interplay between weather patterns, climate variations, and power systems, we developed a database of time series of wind and solar power generation, hydropower inflow, heating and cooling demand using an internally consistent modeling framework. Here we focused on the European continent and generated country level time series extending between 1940 and 2100. Our database can be used for analyses aimed at understanding and addressing the challenges posed by the evolving energy landscape in the face of deep decarbonization and climate change.
Electron microscopy images and morphometric data of SARS-CoV-2 variants in ultrathin plastic sections
Authors: Hoffmann Tobias , Michel Janine , Nitsche Andreas , Mache Christin , Schulze Jessica , Wolff Thorsten , Laue Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConventional thin section electron microscopy of viral pathogens, such as the pandemic SARS-CoV-2, can provide structural information on the virus particle phenotype and its evolution. We recorded about 900 transmission electron microscopy images of different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron BA.2 (B.1.1.529) and determined various morphometric parameters, such as maximal diameter and spike number, using a previously published measurement method. The datasets of the evolved virus variants were supplemented with images and measurements of the early SARS-CoV-2 isolates Munich929 and Italy-INMI1 to allow direct comparison. Infected Vero cell cultures were cultivated under comparable conditions to produce the viruses for imaging and morphometric analysis. The images and measurements can be used as a basis to analyse the morphometric changes of further evolving viruses at the particle level or for developing automated image processing workflows and analysis.
Pacific decadal oscillation and ENSO forcings of northerly low-level jets in South America
Authors: Mu Ye , Jones Charles , Carvalho Leila M. V. , Xue Lulin , Liu Changhai , Ding Qinghua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe hydrological cycle in South America during austral summer, including extreme precipitation and floods, is significantly influenced by northerly low-level jets (LLJs) along the eastern Andes. These synoptic weather events have been associated with three different types of LLJs (Central, Northern, and Andes) and are sensitive to remote large-scale forcings. This study investigates how tropical forcings related to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) regulate the duration and frequency of each LLJ type and their impacts on extreme precipitation. Our analysis reveals that ENSO and PDO are important in driving the variability of LLJs over the past 65 years. Specifically, the Central LLJ type is more prevalent during El Niño and Warm/Neutral PDO phases, leading to heightened extreme precipitation in southern South America. Conversely, La Niña years during Cold PDO phases tend to favor the Northern and Andes LLJs, which are associated with increased precipitation extremes in the western Amazon and southeastern South America. Central and Andes LLJs tend to persist longer during these favored conditions, causing more pronounced precipitation events in the areas under their influence. This study enhances our understanding of the influence of large-scale atmospheric forcings on the regional precipitation dynamics in South America.
Detection of divergent Orthohantavirus tulaense provides insight into wide host range and viral evolutionary patterns
Authors: Erdin Mert , Smura Teemu , Kalkan Kursat Kenan , Cetintas Ortac , Cogal Muhsin , Irmak Sercan , Matur Ferhat , Polat Ceylan , Sironen Tarja , Sozen Mustafa , Oktem Ibrahim Mehmet Ali 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrthohantavirus tulaense (TULV) is a member of the orthohantavirus genus and distributed in Europe and Asia. To shed light on TULV epidemiology and evolution, we trapped wild rodents from eastern Turkiye and found 15 TULV positive rodents. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of diverse TULV strains. Global phylogenetic characterization suggested 5 distinct TULV lineages. Global phylogeographic reconstruction estimated different rooting times for each three segments, a potential ancestor location in Eastern Black Sea region, and strongly supported phylogeographic structure with 11 clusters. Dispersal velocity of TULV was estimated to be much faster than some other orthohantaviruses. Eastern Black Sea seemed to have lineages evolving faster and genetically closer to proto-Tula virus. Host switching estimates suggested potential switching events from Microtus arvalis to M. obscurus to M. irani with host-dependent sub-clustering within geographic clusters and suggested substantial evidence for no clear virus jumps from M. arvalis to M. irani.
The role of excitation vector fields and all-polarisation state control in cavity magnonics
Authors: Joseph Alban , Nair Jayakrishnan M. P. , Smith Mawgan A. , Holland Rory , McLellan Luke J. , Boventer Isabella , Wolz Tim , Bozhko Dmytro A. , Flebus Benedetta , Weides Martin P. , Macêdo Rair 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecently the field of cavity magnonics, a field focused on controlling the interaction between magnons and photons confined within microwave resonators, has drawn significant attention as it offers a platform for enabling advancements in quantum- and spin-based technologies. Here, we introduce excitation vector fields, whose polarisation and profile can be easily tuned in a two-port cavity setup, thus acting as an effective experimental dial to explore the coupled dynamics of cavity magnon-polaritons. Moreover, we develop theoretical models that accurately predict and reproduce the experimental results for any polarisation state and field profile within the cavity resonator. This versatile experimental platform offers a new avenue for controlling spin-photon interactions by manipulating the polarisation of excitation fields. By introducing real-time tunable parameters that control the polarisation state, our experiment delivers a mechanism to readily control the exchange of information between hybrid systems.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19 and risk of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Madsen Helena Borland , Durhuus Jon Ambæk , Andersen Ove , Straten Per thor , Rahbech Anne , Desler Claus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in widespread morbidity and mortality, with a significant portion of the affected population experiencing long-term health complications. This review explores the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in both the acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19, highlighting its impact on various organs and its potential role in the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We discuss how SARS-CoV-2 directly affects mitochondrial function and the role of the virus-induced immune response in exacerbating mitochondrial impairment. This review highlights the critical role of mitochondria in COVID-19 pathogenesis and the importance of addressing mitochondrial health to mitigate acute and chronic effects of the disease.
Complex network control and stability through distributed critic‐based neuro‐fuzzy learning
Authors: Soleimani Javad , Farhangi Reza , Kurt Gunes Karabulut 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInspired by advancements in swarm autonomous vehicles and intelligent control systems, this research addresses the issue of frequency synchronization and phase tracking in oscillator networks. A novel distributed consensus protocol and a reinforcement learning algorithm for a multi‐agent network with a leader–follower topology, considering stability conditions, are developed. The critic‐based neuro‐fuzzy learning (CBNFL) method aims to achieve consensus and minimize local tracking errors. Additionally, an explicit synchronization condition for the network using the Lyapunov theorem is derived. Each vehicle tracks its reference phase and frequency. Employing a fuzzy critic to evaluate the current state and generate a stress signal for the controller, the method prompts adaptive parameter adjustments to minimize this signal. The proposed design's versatility and adaptability to various networks demonstrate robustness against dynamic vehicle properties and network parameter uncertainties, ensuring consistent controller performance. This approach exhibits high scalability, accommodating numerous autonomous agents. To validate the proposed learning method's efficacy, numerical simulations are conducted on a network of five oscillators. The outcomes of implementing CBNFL compared with a conventional PI controller underscore the CBNFL method's superior performance and robustness in maintaining network stability and achieving synchronization.
Linear quadratic control and estimation synthesis for multi‐agent systems with application to formation flight
Authors: Lee Hojin , Lee Chanyong , Lee Jusang , Kwon Cheolhyeon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper concerns the optimality problem of distributed linear quadratic control in a linear stochastic multi‐agent system (MAS). The main challenge stems from MAS network topology that limits access to information from non‐neighbouring agents, imposing structural constraints on the control input space. A distributed control‐estimation synthesis is proposed which circumvents this issue by integrating distributed estimation for each agent into distributed control law. Based on the agents' state estimate information, the distributed control law allows each agent to interact with non‐neighbouring agents, thereby relaxing the structural constraint. Then, the primal optimal distributed control problem is recast to the joint distributed control‐estimation problem whose solution can be obtained through the iterative optimization procedure. The stability of the proposed method is verified and the practical effectiveness is supported by numerical simulations and real‐world experiments with multi‐quadrotor formation flight.
Triple extended coprime array for single‐snapshot DoA estimation
Authors: Long Tianyao , Huang Lei , Li Qiang , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe direction‐of‐arrival (DoA) estimation methods based on coprime array (CA) largely rely on having a sufficient number of snapshots. However, under single‐snapshot conditions typical of vehicle‐mounted imaging radar, CA‐based DoA estimation often suffers from ambiguity leakage, resulting in significant degradation in performance. This paper thoroughly analyses the mechanism of ambiguity leakage in CA by re‐deriving the covariance matrix model under single‐snapshot conditions. To suppress the ambiguity leakage, a triple extended coprime array composed of three pairwise coprime sub‐arrays enhanced coprime constraint is designed. Building on this design, a DoA estimation algorithm based on an iterative adaptive approach is proposed. By leveraging the power spectrum distribution from iterative adaptive approach, a reduced‐noise signal is constructed by retaining only the high‐energy components. Next, the noise subspace using a multi‐stage Wiener filter, and finally, achieve super‐resolution DoA estimation through multiple signal classification spectrum analysis.
Maximization utilization of DC‐link voltage in variable flux reluctance machine with field winding driven by single‐leg converter
Authors: Cao Yang , Liu Xu , Li Tianyu , Zhang Xiaotian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the torque/speed characteristics of the variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs), an optimal voltage distribution method is proposed to maximize the utilization of the DC‐link voltage. According to the investigation of operating range VFRM driven by single‐leg converter, the optimal armature voltage and the zero‐sequence voltage can be obtained to generate adjustable zero‐sequence current. Thus, the DC‐link voltage utilization and output capacity of VFRM can be significantly improved by optimizing the zero‐sequence current. For verification, the test results on a prototype 6/4 VFRM with single‐leg excitation are presented. The experimental results indicate that, compared with the constant zero‐sequence current control, the DC‐link voltage utilization of the VFRM with proposed method increases by 11.13% together with 36.67% higher output torque at rated speed.
Probing the formation of megaparsec-scale giant radio galaxies
Authors: Giri Gourab , Bagchi Joydeep , Thorat Kshitij , Deane Roger P. , Delhaize Jacinta , Saikia Dhruba J. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Constituting a relatively small fraction of the extended-jetted population, giant radio galaxies (GRGs) form in a wide range of jet and environment configurations. This observed diversity complicates the identification of the growth factors that facilitate their attainment of megaparsec scales.
Aims. This study aims to numerically investigate the hypothesized formation mechanisms of GRGs extending ≳1 Mpc in order to assess their general applicability.
Methods. We employed tri-axial ambient medium settings to generate varying levels of jet frustration and simulated jets with a low and a high power from different locations in the environment. This approach formulated five representations evolving under a relativistic magnetohydrodynamic framework.
Results. The emergence of distinct giant phases in all five simulated scenarios suggests that GRGs may be more common than previously believed. This prediction can be verified with contemporary and forthcoming radio telescopes. We find that different combinations of jet morphology, power, and evolutionary age of the formed structure hold the potential to elucidate different formation scenarios. In all of these cases, the lobes are overpressured, prompting further investigation into pressure profiles when jet activity ceases, potentially distinguishing between relic and active GRGs. We observed a potential phase transition in GRGs marked by differences in lobe expansion speed and pressure variations compared to their smaller evolutionary phases. This suggests the need for further investigation across a broader parameter space to determine if lobe evolution in GRGs fundamentally differs from smaller radio galaxies. The axial ratio analysis reveals self-similar expansion in rapidly propagating jets, while there is a notable deviation when the jet forms wider lobes. Overall, this study emphasizes that multiple growth factors simultaneously at work can better elucidate the current-day population of GRGs, including scenarios such as the growth of GRGs in dense environments, GRGs extending several megaparsecs, development of GRGs in low-powered jets, and the formation of morphologies such as GRG-XRGs.
Ausleitende Verfahren als regulativer Reiz bei vegetativer Dystonie
Authors: Schmidt Robert 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungAusleitende Verfahren wie Schröpfen, Aderlass oder Heilfasten werden in der Naturheilkunde als regulative Reize eingesetzt, um das Gleichgewicht im vegetativen Nervensystem zu unterstützen. Bei vegetativer Dystonie, die sich durch Symptome wie Müdigkeit, Schlafstörungen und emotionale Instabilität äußern kann, zielen diese Methoden darauf ab, die Selbstregulationsfähigkeit des Körpers zu aktivieren. Durch gezielte Stimulation bestimmter Körperregionen oder die Förderung von Entgiftungsprozessen sollen Blockaden gelöst und der Energiefluss verbessert werden. Diese Verfahren können dazu beitragen, Stress abzubauen, das Gleichgewicht zwischen parasympathischem und sympathischem Nervensystem wieder herzustellen und so das allgemeine Wohlbefinden zu steigern. Es ist jedoch wichtig, ausleitende Therapien unter fachkundiger Anleitung durchzuführen und sie als Teil eines umfassenden Behandlungskonzepts zu betrachten, um optimale Ergebnisse zu erzielen.
Hydrotherapie und vegetatives Nervensystem
Authors: Brenke Rainer 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie einfachen naturheilkundlichen Therapieverfahren sind – abgesehen von der Bewegungstherapie –
weitgehend aus dem Denken und Behandlungsspektrum der Ärzteschaft verschwunden, denn „passive“ Verfahren
gelten zu Unrecht als nicht mehr zeitgemäß. Es wäre zu begrüßen, wenn auch die hydro- bzw.
thermotherapeutischen Verfahren wieder vermehrt in das Behandlungsspektrum der modernen Medizin
integriert würden. Hydrotherapie, die Anwendung von Wasser zu therapeutischen Zwecken, hat eine lange
Tradition in der Gesundheitsförderung und Rehabilitation. Sie nutzt die physikalischen Eigenschaften von
Wasser, wie Temperatur, Druck und Dichte, um das Wohlbefinden zu steigern und verschiedene Beschwerden zu
lindern. Ein besonders interessanter Aspekt der Hydrotherapie ist ihre Wechselwirkung mit dem vegetativen
Nervensystem, das für die Regulation unwillkürlicher Körperfunktionen verantwortlich ist. Durch gezielte
Wasseranwendungen können sowohl der Sympathikus als auch der Parasympathikus beeinflusst werden, was zu
einer Harmonisierung des Nervensystems führt. Diese Balance kann Stress abbauen, die Entspannung fördern
und die allgemeine Lebensqualität verbessern. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Zusammenhänge näher.
Are endurance runners at higher risk of depression? Screening for
depression and risk factors
Authors: Scheer Volker , Valero David , Thuany Mabliny , Knechtle Beat , Viljoen Carel , Ruescas Escolano Esther , Valero Burgos Encarna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDepression is an important public health issue. In the general adult population,
about 6.7% are affected. Little data are available about endurance runners. We
conducted a prospective survey study screening for depression using the Patient
Health Questionnaire and investigating potential associated risk factors in
endurance runners (≥ 21.1–42.2 km) and ultraendurance runners (≥ 42.2 km).
Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, predictive techniques, and
regression analysis. A total of n = 601 runners participated (female n=222 and
male n=379; mean age [SD]: 42.8 years [± 10.1]). Overall, 11.3% screened
positive for major depression, particularly female runners compared to male
runners (p=0.002) and endurance runners compared to ultraendurance runners
(p=0.023). No significant differences were observed among performance levels
(elite vs. nonelite). Mild depression was observed in 21.6% of runners. Factors
associated with a higher risk for screening for major depression included age
(p<0.001), particularly runners under the age of 28 years, previous
self-reported history of depression (p<0.001), more frequent weekly workouts
(4–5/wk; p=0.021), weeks lost to injury (p=0.022), and female sex (p=0.025). A
third of endurance and ultraendurance runners screened positive for depression,
highlighting the importance of creating awareness for mental health issues and
potential screening for athletes and providing access to appropriate support
services and education.
Observation of field-free spin–orbit torque switching in a single crystalline (Ga,Mn)(As,P) ferromagnetic film with perpendicular anisotropy
Authors: Lee Kyung Jae , Lee Sanghoon , Liu Xinyu , Dobrowolska Margaret , Furdyna Jacek K. 
Published: December 2024

We report the observation of field-free spin–orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching in a single layer of (Ga,Mn)(As,P) ferromagnetic film exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The SOT switching phenomenon is characterized by distinct transitions between two Hall resistance (HR) states during current scans. When subjected to an in-plane bias field, the observed switching chirality in the HR hysteresis loop consistently aligns with SOT induced by spin polarization arising from Rashba- and Dresselhaus-type spin–orbit fields within the tensile-strained crystalline structure of the (Ga,Mn)(As,P) film. Remarkably, in the present experiments, we observe SOT switching even in the absence of an external bias field, and with its chirality depending on the direction of initial magnetization. We attribute this field-free switching to symmetry breaking facilitated by an internal coupling field, the orientation of which is determined by the external field experienced as the magnetization is initialized. Further evidence supporting the presence of such a coupling field includes a shift in the field-scan HR hysteresis depending on the direction of initialized magnetization. Structural analysis reveals a surface layer enriched in Mn and O, indicating the presence of oxide-based magnetic structures that are magnetically coupled to the (Ga,Mn)(As,P) film. The temperature dependence of field-free SOT switching corroborates this explanation, as the internal coupling field disappears above 40 K, consistent with the expected magnetic transition of the Mn3O4 structure. Our discovery of field-free SOT magnetization switching in a single-layer film represents a significant advancement, offering a novel pathway for the development of simpler and more energy-efficient spintronic devices.