bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Pre‐Hemodialysis Estimates of Extracellular Volume Excess Using Bioimpedance and N‐Terminal Brain Natriuretic Peptide Correlate With Cardiac Chamber Size Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
Authors: Yoowannakul Suree , Kotecha Tushar , Fontana Marianna , Davenport Andrew 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBioimpedance can be used to measure extracellular water (ECW) and total body water in hemodialysis (HD) patients and estimate ECW excess. However, ECW excess potentially includes both an increase in the plasma volume and also the extravascular volume. Overestimating the amount of fluid to be removed during HD risks intra‐dialytic hypotension. We wished to determine the association between estimates of ECW excess comparing several different equations using bioimpedance, brain N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) with cardiac chamber volumes and function as determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging pre‐HD measurements of ECW and total body water were made using multifrequency bioimpedance and cardiac chamber sizes and function were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Thirty patients, 20 males (66.7%), mean age 64.4 ± 15.3 years were studied. ECW and ECW/height were positively associated with indexed right ventricular end‐systolic (RVESVi) and end‐diastolic volume (RVEDVi) (RVESi r = 0.46, r = 0.43; RVEDi r = 0.50, r = 0.44, all P < 0.05), but not with left sided cardiac volumes. Whereas NT‐proBNP was associated with indexed left atrial and ventricular size (r = 0.47, r = 0.58, P < 0.05), but not right sided cardiac volumes. Pre‐HD NT‐proBNP was associated with left sided cardiac chamber sizes, but not with right sided chamber sizes, whereas ECW/height was associated with right sided cardiac chamber sizes. As right‐sided cardiac chamber size is more responsive to and reflective of changes in intravascular volume than the left atrium and ventricle, then bioimpedance measured ECW is potentially more reliable in estimating plasma volume expansion.
Occurrence of Cronobacter Spp. in Ready‐to‐Eat Vegetable Products, Frozen Vegetables, and Sprouts Examined Using Cultivation and Real‐Time PCR Methods
Authors: Moravkova Monika , Verbikova Veronika , Huvarova Veronika , Babak Vladimir , Cahlikova Hana , Karpiskova Renata , Kralik Petr 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnvironmental matrices and food products are hypothesized to be sources of Cronobacter spp. The severity of neonatal infections, increasing number of cases in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, as well as isolation of Cronobacter spp. from clinical materials demands that more attention should be paid to Cronobacter spp. detection and occurrence of the bacteria in food products. Here, a total of 175 samples of ready‐to‐eat vegetables, frozen vegetables, and sprouted seeds were collected during a period of 1 year and examined for the presence of Cronobacter spp. using a cultivation method with two different sample preparations and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In total, Cronobacter spp. were detected in 22.3% of tested samples using cultivation. In comparison, direct qPCR detected Cronobacter spp. in 37.7% of these samples (p < 0.01; Fisher's exact test) and the numbers of genome equivalents per gram reached 108 in some samples of sprouts. Cronobacter spp. were isolated from 51.4%, 37.2%, and 5.2% samples of sprouts, frozen vegetables, and cut green leaves/salads, respectively. Using qPCR, the most frequently contaminated sample types were sprouts (91.4%) and frozen vegetables (60.5%), whereas the rate of positivity for cut green leaves/salads was, in comparison, only 8.2% (p < 0.01; χ2‐test for independence).Practical ApplicationThis study provided valuable information on the occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in ready‐to‐eat vegetables using cultivation and qPCR. Cronobacter spp. are emerging opportunistic pathogens that can be present in food of plant origin. Cronobacter spp. were isolated from sprouts, frozen vegetables, and cut green leaves/salads, and the numbers of genome equivalents per gram reached 108 in some samples of sprouts.
The richaredifferent: Unravelling the perceived and self‐reported personality profiles of high‐net‐worth individuals
Authors: Leckelt Marius , Richter David , Schröder Carsten , Küfner Albrecht C. P. , Grabka Markus M. , Back Mitja D. 
Published: November 2018

Beyond money and possessions, how are the rich different from the general population? Drawing on a unique sample of high‐net‐worth individuals from Germany (≥1 million Euro in financial assets;N = 130), nationally representative data (N = 22,981), and an additional online panel (N = 690), we provide the first direct investigation of the stereotypically perceived and self‐reported personality profiles of high‐net‐worth individuals. Investigating the broad personality traits of the Big Five and the more specific traits of narcissism and locus of control, we find that stereotypes about wealthy people's personality are accurate albeit somewhat exaggerated and that wealthy people can be characterized as stable, flexible, and agentic individuals who are focused more on themselves than on others.
Biophysical factors in the regulation of asymmetric division of stem cells
Authors: Barui Ananya , Datta Pallab 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTStem cells are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine due to their characteristics of self‐renewal and differentiation. The intricate balance between these two cell fates is maintained by precisely controlled symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions. Asymmetric division has a fundamental importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis and in the development of multi‐cellular organisms. For example, during development, asymmetric cell divisions are responsible for the formation of the body axis. Mechanistically, mitotic spindle dynamics determine the assembly and separation of chromosomes and regulate the orientation of cell division. Interestingly, symmetric and asymmetric cell division is not mutually exclusive and a range of factors are involved in such cell‐fate decisions, the measurement of which can provide efficient and reliable information on the regenerative potential of a cell. The balance between self‐renewal and differentiation in stem cells is controlled by various biophysical and biochemical cues. Although the role of biochemical factors in asymmetric stem cell division has been widely studied, the effect of biophysical cues in stem‐cell self‐renewal is not comprehensively understood. Herein, we review the biological relevance of stem‐cell asymmetric division to regenerative medicine and discuss the influences of various intrinsic and extrinsic biophysical cues in stem‐cell self‐renewal. This review particularly aims to inform the clinical translation of efforts to control the self‐renewal ability of stem cells through the tuning of various biophysical cues.
Role of inhibitor of yes‐associated protein 1 in triple‐negative breast cancer with taxol‐based chemoresistance
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Shunan , Wei Xi , Zhang Sheng , Song Zian , Chen Xiao , Zhang Jin 
Published: November 2018

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly clinically aggressive and taxol‐based chemoresistance remains a big TNBC therapeutic problem to be solved. Verteporfin, a small molecular yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) inhibitor, is little known as an antitumor drug for TNBC. Our data showed that YAP1 expression was associated with early relapse in tissue samples of patients with TNBC taxol chemoresistance (P < .001). Verteporfin reduced migration and enhanced apoptosis or autophagy of a taxol‐resistant MDA‐MB‐231 cell line in vitro. Knockdown of YAP1 increased epithelial‐mesenchymal transition response in a taxol‐resistant TNBC cell line. In an in vivo experiment, we found that verteporfin was able to shrink tumor weight and volume and decreased Ki67 expression in a taxol‐resistant mouse model. Our results provide evidence that verteporfin could be a chemosensitizer for TNBC patients with taxol‐based treatment.
The Costs of Exclusion: Gender Job Segregation, Structural Change and the Labour Share of Income
Authors: Seguino Stephanie , Braunstein Elissa 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTWhile women's share of employment has risen in many countries over the last two decades, gender job segregation has worsened, with women increasingly excluded from ‘good’ jobs in the industrial sector. In this article, the determinants of gender job segregation are assessed using panel data for a broad set of developing countries covering the period 1991–2015. The effect of gender job segregation on all workers, via the labour share of income, is also analysed. The results identify two major contributors to gender job segregation — the rising capital/labour ratio and the ratio of female/male labour force participation rates — indicative of ‘crowding’ and exclusion as economies move up the industrial ladder. The analysis further indicates that the crowding of women into lower quality jobs has a negative effect on workers as a whole by dampening the labour share of income. Those processes are influenced by global and macroeconomic conditions and policies that have circumscribed the expansion of high‐quality jobs relative to labour supply, intensifying competition for ‘good’ jobs and weakening labour's bargaining power.
Pathways to achieving food security, sustainable peace and gender equality: Evidence from three FAO interventions
Authors: Justino Patricia , Hagerman Katharine , Jackson Julius , Joshi Indira , Sisto Ilaria , Bradley Asha 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is increasing recognition that livelihood security, sustainable peace, conflict prevention and gender equality are complementary goals requiring integrated policy approaches, yet there is limited evidence on the links between these key development pillars.MotivationThis article uses three case studies to illustrate how specific policy interventions can address the differentiated priorities of men and women with relation to food security, building sustainable peace processes and achieving gender equality.PurposeThe article illustrates how five pathways have operated and interacted in three selectedFAOinterventions, and discusses data, research and policy challenges that emerged from this analysis.Approach and methodsA conceptual framework grounded on five pathways is used, including changes in (a) behaviour, agency and aspirations; (b) social norms about gender roles and equality; (c) institutions and governance; (d) agriculture and employment markets; and (e) social cohesion and inclusive collective action.FindingsThe institutions that emerge from complex processes of interaction between state and non‐state armed actors, other informal actors and different population groups shape how property rights, food distribution systems, employment programmes and social service provision support or fail to support the local populations.Policy implicationsMore information is needed on local conflict dynamics. As such, better data collection is needed to support policy interventions.
On the need for real dialogue: What's wrong with monological contractualism?
Authors: Kim Suzie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccording to T.M. Scanlon, the core idea of contractualism consists in the claim that what we are morally required to do is conceptually grounded in the value of living in “relations of mutual recognition” with others. Specifically, Scanlon's contractualist idea of “living in relations of mutual recognition with others” requires that one act only in ways that cannot be reasonably rejected by all of those affected, according to the results of a hypothetical reflection conducted within one's own mind. I claim, however, that Scanlon is mistaken to rely on a single individual's hypothetical reflection (monological reflection) to determine what no one affected could reasonably reject. Instead, following Jürgen Habermas, I claim that we must engage in actual dialogue with all who stand to be affected, in order to live in relations of mutual recognition with others.
Differences in bacterial community structure between three types of biological soil crusts and soil below crusts from the Gurbantunggut Desert, China
Authors: Liu Yubing , Wang Zengru , Zhao Lina , Wang Xing , Liu Lichao , Hui Rong , Zhang Wenli , Zhang Peng , Song Guang , Sun Jingyao 
Published: November 2018

The scarcity of knowledge on differences in the microbial assemblage between biological soil crusts (BSCs) and soil below crusts (SBCs) limits our understanding of the contribution of different layers of topsoil to desert ecosystems. This study used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to determine whether differences in bacterial communities among different types of BSCs (algae, lichen and moss dominated) are greater than those between BSCs and their corresponding underlying soils (0–5 cm) in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. Alpha and beta diversity of bacterial communities showed that richness and diversity were greater in SBCs than in BSCs, but the absolute bacterial abundance was larger in BSCs than in soils. Differences were mainly in the phyla Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. Cyanobacteria were concentrated in BSCs, especially in algae‐dominated BSCs. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria in SBCs were more than twice those in BSCs, and they were also abundant in the lichen‐ and moss‐dominant crusts. The number of sample‐specific genera was larger in BSCs, but there were more shared genera among SBCs. These results, combined with the principal coordinate analysis and the predicted function profiles, showed that differences in microbial community structure and function in desert ecosystems were greatest between BSCs and the underlying soils, followed by differences among the three types of BSCs, and differences were smallest between the soils below different crusts. These differences might be closely related to the soil chemical properties, especially to pH and fertility. Our study indicated that microbial communities tended to converge in SBCs of different microhabitats.Highlights

We studied bacterial community composition in different types of BSCs and SBCs.
Differences in bacterial community were greatest between BSCs and SBCs.
BSC components contributed to small‐scale microbial heterogeneity in SBCs.
Surface soil bacterial communities were strongly stratified even at the centimetre scale from BSCs.
Organic and inorganic amendments did not affect microbial community composition in the bulk soil differently but did change the relative abundance of selected taxa
Authors: Celestina Corinne , Sale Peter W. G. , Tang Caixian , Franks Ashley E. 
Published: November 2018

Deep placement of organic amendments such as poultry litter and legume residues has been developed as a technique to ameliorate sodic clay subsoils in the south‐east Australian cropping region. It has been suggested that the soil microbial community plays a key role in this process of subsoil amelioration. A controlled environment experiment using repacked soil units was conducted to investigate changes in the microbial communities of subsoil treated with organic and inorganic amendments. Poultry litter, inorganic nutrients and wheat straw plus inorganic nutrients with equivalent total nutrient content (460 kg N ha−1, 210 kg P ha−1 and 330 kg K ha−1) were mixed into a central band and incubated for 21 days, followed by 126 days with wheat plants. Changes to bacterial and fungal communities in the bulk subsoil, 2–7 cm from the amended band, were assessed using next‐generation amplicon sequencing of the 16S and ITS rRNA genes. There were small but significant (p < 0.05) changes in bacterial and fungal community structure of the amended treatments, relative to the unamended control, which were linked to the movement of solutes away from the amended band. The three amendments did not affect microbial community composition differently in the bulk soil, although there were changes in the relative abundance of selected taxa. Our results suggest that changes in soil microbial communities in the bulk subsoil in this experimental system largely depended on movement of the soil solution through the profile.Highlights

We characterized effect of amendments on microbial communities in the soil beyond the detritusphere.
Microbial community of bulk soil was different in amended treatments from the unamended control.
Amendments did not affect community composition differently but did change relative abundances of certain taxa.
Changes in microbial community structure were due to movement of soil solution away from the amendment.
Towards an Integrated Framework of Bias in Noncognitive Assessment in International Large‐Scale Studies: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: van de Vijver Fons J. R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA conceptual framework of measurement bias in cross‐cultural comparisons, distinguishing between construct, method, and item bias (differential item functioning), is used to describe a methodological framework addressing assessment of noncognitive variables in international large‐scale studies. It is argued that the treatment of bias, coming from constructs, measurement procedures, items, or any combination, is often piecemeal and that the quality of studies would be enhanced by an integrated approach to all kinds of bias in all stages of a study. The extensive preparations of data collections involving feedback from all participating countries make it likely that constructs to be measured apply in most or all of the participating countries (thereby reducing the likelihood of construct bias). Large‐scale studies tend to use up‐to‐date procedures for item bias (differential item functioning). Sources of method bias are examined much less. Particular attention is paid to response styles and possible ways to address such styles in large‐scale studies. Finally, ways to enhance the integrated treatment of bias are described.
Local adaptation, genetic divergence, and experimental selection in a foundation grass across the US Great Plains’ climate gradient
Authors: Galliart Matthew , Bello Nora , Knapp Mary , Poland Jesse , St Amand Paul , Baer Sara , Maricle Brian , Smith Adam B. , Johnson Loretta 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMany prior studies have uncovered evidence for local adaptation using reciprocal transplant experiments. However, these studies are rarely conducted for a long enough time to observe succession and competitive dynamics in a community context, limiting inferences for long‐lived species. Furthermore, the genetic basis of local adaptation and genetic associations with climate has rarely been identified. Here, we report on a long‐term (6‐year) experiment conducted under natural conditions focused on Andropogon gerardii, the dominant grass of the North American Great Plains tallgrass ecosystem. We focus on this foundation grass that comprises 80% of tallgrass prairie biomass and is widely used in 20,000 km2 of restoration. Specifically, we asked the following questions: (a) Whether ecotypes are locally adapted to regional climate in realistic ecological communities. (b) Does adaptive genetic variation underpin divergent phenotypes across the climate gradient? (c) Is there evidence of local adaptation if the plants are exposed to competition among ecotypes in mixed ecotype plots? Finally, (d) are local adaptation and genetic divergence related to climate? Reciprocal gardens were planted with 3 regional ecotypes (originating from dry, mesic, wet climate sources) of Andropogon gerardii across a precipitation gradient (500–1,200 mm/year) in the US Great Plains. We demonstrate local adaptation and differentiation of ecotypes in wet and dry environments. Surprisingly, the apparent generalist mesic ecotype performed comparably under all rainfall conditions. Ecotype performance was underpinned by differences in neutral diversity and candidate genes corroborating strong differences among ecotypes. Ecotype differentiation was related to climate, primarily rainfall. Without long‐term studies, wrong conclusions would have been reached based on the first two years. Further, restoring prairies with climate‐matched ecotypes is critical to future ecology, conservation, and sustainability under climate change.
Urinary aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2: Can these novel markers accurately characterize small renal masses and help guide patient management?
Authors: Song Joseph B , Morrissey Jeremiah J , Mobley Jonathan M , Figenshau Karen G , Vetter Joel M , Bhayani Sam B , Kharasch Evan D , Figenshau Robert Sherburne 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of urine aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2 as biomarkers adjunct to renal mass biopsy in guiding the management of patients with small renal masses.MethodsPreoperative aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2 levels in 57 patients with small renal masses undergoing partial nephrectomy were analyzed and compared with postoperative tumor histology. An algorithm was created utilizing aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2 in conjunction with renal mass biopsy. Cut‐off values were implemented to maximize biomarker sensitivity and specificity. Renal mass biopsy utilization and intervention were then compared with rates in traditional renal mass biopsy algorithms.ResultsAll clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas were correctly identified and assigned to the treatment path. All benign lesions were correctly sorted to a confirmatory renal mass biopsy path. Two chromophobe masses did not have elevated aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2, and would require renal mass biopsy. Compared with protocols that call for all small renal masses to be biopsied, confirmatory renal mass biopsy could have been safely avoided in 74% of patients with elevated aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2. Compared with protocols that do not utilize renal mass biopsy, surgical intervention would have been avoided in 23% of patients with benign masses.ConclusionsAquaporin 1 and perilipin 2 possess high sensitivity and specificity for detecting clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma. Use of these markers might compliment renal mass biopsy in the characterization of small renal masses.
The family impact of dental general anaesthesia in children: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Park Joon Soo , Anthonappa Robert P. , King Nigel M. , McGrath Colman P. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe health and well‐being of children are intimately linked to their parents’ physical, emotional, and social health and social circumstances.AimTo conduct a meta‐analysis of studies that have used the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and Child Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (COHRQoL) instruments, to evaluate the family impact scale (FIS) changes following their children's dental treatment under general anaesthesia (DGA).MethodologyA systematic search was undertaken using the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria consisted of patients below 16 years of age, DGA, pre‐ and post‐operative assessments, and the use of ECOHIS and COHRQoL. FIS changes were the primary outcome measure, where the mean difference (MD) was calculated.ResultsAfter initial search of 105 studies in the database, twenty‐one articles were included in the analysis. A positive outcome in the FIS changes was identified in all studies. The combined MD for FIS using ECOHIS and COHRQoL was 1.52 [95% CI: 1.15‐1.89; P < 0.00001; I2=87%] and 1.10 [95% CI: 0.68‐1.52; P < 0.00001; I2=79%], respectively.ConclusionsDental treatment with general anaesthesia for children had a significant positive impact on parental emotions, activity, and conflict. Following DGA, there was significant improvement in the FIS, with large MD.