bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Using a New Ru‐NAD Type Bis Carbonyl Complex
Authors: Ghosh Debashis , Kajiwara Takashi , Gotgi Nandini M , Tanaka Koji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA new ruthenium(II) NAD (NAD=Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) type bis‐carbonyl complex, [Ru(bpy)(pbn)(CO)2]2+ [pbn = 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)benzo[b]‐1,5‐naphthyridine; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine] [1]2+, was successfully synthesized and fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis, ESI‐MS, IR and NMR spectroscopy. Complex [1]2+ together with [Ru(bpy)(pbn)(CO)(COOH)]+ and/or [Ru(bpy)(pbn)(CO)(CO2)]0 complexes exist as equilibrium mixtures in aqueous solutions as evident from spectroscopic study. Chemical reduction of [1]2+ resulted the formation corresponding NADH form i. e., [Ru(bpy)(pbnHH)(CO)2]2+ (pbnHH = 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐5,10‐dihydrobenzo[b][1,5]naphthyridine) [1.HH]2+ as a two‐electron‐reduced species. The electrochemical behavior of complex [1]2+ in the presence of acid was investigated based on cyclic voltammetry analysis. A control potential electrolysis of [1]2+ afforded formate (HCOO−) as the major product with a lesser amount of CO and H2, whereas that of [Ru(bpy)2(CO)2]2+ complex produced CO as the main product with a lesser amount of HCOO− and H2. The experimental results suggest that the selectivity of HCOO− over CO should be due to catalytic hydride transfer from the NADH‐type ligands of [1]2+ to CO2.
Effect of Fat Composition on Allylic Proton Transverse Relaxation and J‐Coupling Evolution at 9.4 T
Authors: Bly Nathaniel , Carscadden Adam , Dehod Alexander , Tessier Anthony G. , Field Catherine J. , Yahya Atiyah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTransverse (T2) relaxation and J‐coupling evolution of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid allylic protons are investigated at 9.4 T as an indirect means of assessing fat composition. We hypothesize that the relative proximity of one allylic proton group to the methyl end of the fatty acid impacts the measures. A Point RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence was used for apparent (includes J‐coupling effects) T2 estimation. Spectra were acquired from oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid, from edible oils, and from intraperitoneal adipose tissue of two groups of mice (n = 4 per group) randomized to a high or low ω‐3 diet. Apparent T2 values of 62, 106, and 220 ms were obtained for oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid allylic protons, respectively. For oils containing negligible linolenic acid, apparent T2 values correlated with linoleic acid contribution to total unsaturation (R2 = 1). For oils containing linolenic acid, a correlation with linolenic acid contribution to total unsaturation was found (R2 = 0.91). In animal experiments, the mean allylic apparent T2 in the group fed the high ω‐3 diet was 72.3 ms compared to 66.1 ms measured from the low ω‐3 diet group. Signal yield with an echo time (TE) of 130 ms results in an inverse correlation with relative linolenic acid content (R2 = 0.99) for the oils.
Xanthone Synthesis through Catalysis: Exploring the Green Limits of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Methods
Authors: Mendioroz Pamela , Casoni Andrés I. , Volpe María A. , Gerbino Darío C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe transition from traditional stoichiometric methods to catalytic processes has significantly advanced the synthesis of xanthones, privileged structures with diverse biological activities. This review critically examines various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic methodologies, emphasising their efficiency, and adherence to green chemistry principles. Through comparative analysis of key metrics such as Reaction Mass Efficiency (RME), Process Mass Intensity (PMI), E‐factor, and Turnover Number (TON), we highlight the superior performance of heterogeneous catalysts, which demonstrate high reusability, selectivity, and minimal waste generation. The choice of solvent, a crucial factor in the environmental footprint of these processes, is also assessed, focusing on greener alternatives. The robust nature and economic viability of heterogeneous catalysts make them ideal for large‐scale applications, offering suitable solutions for more environmentally‐friendly xanthone production. Furthermore, the reduction in by‐products and the importance of catalyst purity in pharmaceutical applications are discussed, underscoring the relevance of these advancements in meeting the rigorous standards of the industry. This review provides valuable insights into the ongoing evolution of catalytic strategies in xanthone synthesis, driving future developments in medicinal chemistry and green chemistry.
Rapid‐Response and Portable Lead Ion Sensor Using Co/Pt/Si Schottky Heterojunction Without Reference Electrode
Authors: Tan Yue , Hui Chenbo , Li Gui‐fang , Luo Jiezhang , Yang Yongyi , Chen Yinghao , Gao Chuhan , Du Yongqian , Liu Shibin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLead ions (Pb2+) are classified as highly toxic heavy metals that pose substantial threats to both human health and environmental integrity. Consequently, the sensitive detection of Pb2+, particularly at low concentrations, is imperative for the purposes of environmental surveillance and safeguarding public health. Here, we introduce a Co/Pt/Si Schottky heterostructure for a rapid, portable Pb2+ detection sensor. One electrode of the heterojunction serves as a Pb2+ probe, and sensor processing circuits are integrated. The Co/Pt thin films were deposited via magnetron sputtering on a Si(100) substrate, followed by heterojunction fabrication using semiconductor process technology. The sensor is functionalized with a glutathione‐modified gold electrode, leveraging the sulfur‐donor properties of cysteine in glutathione and the electron‐acceptor behavior of Pb2+. This interaction modulates the surface potential of the gold electrode, altering the current‐voltage rectification of the Co/Pt/Si heterojunction. A two‐terminal configuration enables current signal readout without reference electrodes. The sensor demonstrates a linear response to Pb2+ concentrations ranging from 1×10−8 to 1×10−3 mol/L, with high selectivity attributed to the affinity of glutathione for Pb2+. The key benefits are the simplicity of its fabrication process and its portability, which are enhanced by the integration of measurement circuitry. This makes the sensor a promising candidate for rapid, on‐site detection of heavy metal ions in applications related to health and environmental monitoring.
Investigation of mutagenicity of styrene in tumor target and non‐target tissues of transgenic Big Blue® mice
Authors: Gollapudi B. Bhaskar , Philp Karen , Weinberg Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStyrene has been shown to induce lung tumors in mice, but not in rats. The current study investigated the potential role of genotoxicity as an initial key event in the mode of action for styrene‐induced lung tumors in mice. Transgenic male B6C3F1 Big Blue® mice were treated by oral gavage for 28 consecutive days with 0 (corn oil), 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg/day of styrene. The 300 mg/kg/day represented the tumorigenic dose in the oral gavage carcinogenicity study conducted in B6C3F1 mice. Following a 28‐day expression period, mutant frequencies were assessed at the cII locus of the transgene in the tumor target (lung) and non‐target tissues (liver, glandular stomach, and duodenum). Mice treated with N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (40 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage on Days 1, 2, and 3 of the study and sacrificed on Day 56 served as the positive control group. Genomic DNA was extracted from the selected tissues, processed for the recovery of the transgene into infectious phage, plated onto Escherichia coli strain G1250, and incubated at 37°C for titer determination or at 24°C for the selection of mutant plaques. There were no treatment‐related increases in mutant frequency in any of the tissues. The positive control group had a significant increase in the frequency of cII mutants assuring the adequacy of the experimental conditions to detect induced mutations. To conclude, mutagenicity is not considered a plausible initial key event in the mode of action for styrene‐induced mouse lung tumors as these data support that styrene is not an in vivo mutagen.
A method for segmentation of pebble images in the presence of shadows
Authors: Cattapan Alessandro , Gurini Alessia , Paron Paolo , Ballio Francesco , Franca Mário J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe quantification of pebble shape has been of interest to geomorphologists for decades. Several authors developed parameters to describe pebble shapes from their images. The extraction of this information from images involves two steps: the segmentation of pebble contours and the application of a computational geometry algorithm to estimate shape parameters. When images are taken in the field, unavoidable shadows might hinder the possibility of using automatic segmentation methods. This paper introduces a new method for automatic segmentation of pebbles that improves segmentation accuracy in the presence of shadows. The method is based on the Canny edge detection algorithm which uses a double thresholding process to provide a classification of the strength of the detected edges. The proposed method applies this algorithm with an ensemble of thresholding values, estimating, for each pixel, the probability of being an edge. The resulting pebble contours were analysed using two computational geometry algorithms to obtain shape parameters. The algorithm was calibrated on a sample of five pebbles and then validated on a sample of 1696 pebbles. Its accuracy has been estimated by comparing the resulting shape parameters with those obtained using reference software, which was used as ground truth (GT). The proposed segmentation method was capable of accurately segmenting around 91% of the sample with a relative error for roundness of −1.7% and −0.4%; for elongation of −0.2% and −0.3% and for circularity of 0.2% and 0.1%, when shape parameters were computed using the algorithms of Zheng or Roussillon, respectively. The method could therefore be used to segment images of pebbles collected in the field with low contrast and shadowing, providing comparable accuracy with ‘manual’ segmentation, while removing operator bias.
New Euungulate Fossils from the Middle Siwalik Subgroup of the Potwar Plateau of Northern Pakistan
Authors: Ara Chaman , Yasin Riffat , Ishaq Hafiz M. , Naz Shakila , Sultana Tayyaba , Samiullah Khizar , Al‐Misned Fahad A. , Ullah Kifayait , Anderson Holly E. , López‐Torres Sergi , Abbas Asghar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article provides a detailed taxonomic study of mammalian fossil fauna from five localities situated within the Middle Siwalik subgroup including the Nagri and Dhok Pathan formations in Punjab, Pakistan. Twenty‐three euungulate specimens comprised of isolated teeth, and maxillary and mandibular fragments, are described. This collection includes the bovid, Elachistoceras; a very rare faunal element in the Siwaliks of Pakistan, as well as Elachistoceras khauristanensis, Pachyportax latidens, Giraffa punjabiensis, Bramatherium grande, Merycopotamus dissimilis, Dorcatherium minus, Dorcatherium majus, Hippopotamodon sivalense, Sivalhippus theobaldi, Sivalhippus nagriensis and Brachypotherium perimense These fossil remains add important new insights into the taxonomy and diversity of Late Miocene mammal faunas of the Middle Siwaliks. The data is important for understanding the biogeographical and palaeoenvironmental history of the region. The characteristics of the fossils described in this study further support the currently hypothesised presence of a massive open land environment with variable wet and dry seasons alike to that of the current climate in Eurasia and Africa. The variable habitat niches of these co‐existing fauna also give further support to the supposition that there was a much more mixed array of palaeoenvironments ranging from a prevalence of woodland to expansive savannah territory during the deposition of Nagri and Dhok Pathan formations.
Assessing the Hydrological Response to Land Use Changes Linking SWAT and CA‐Markov Models
Authors: Ren Chongfeng , Deng Xiaokai , Zhang Hongbo , Yu Linghui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLand use change, as a major driving factor of watershed hydrological process, has a significant influence on watershed hydrological change. In addition, a series of hydrological models, as important tools for simulating hydrological impacts, are widely employed in studying land use change. However, when employing hydrological model to analyse the hydrological impacts of land use changes, most previous studies focused on the evolution of historical land use change and lacked reasonable predictions of future land use. Therefore, it is necessary to extend such studies to future scenarios to cope with possible future hydrological variations in the basin. Given this, this paper making the Wuwei section of Shiyang River Basin as the study area, coupled the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for hydrological simulation with the CA‐Markov (cellular automata‐Markov chain) model for future land use prediction to analyse the regional hydrological effects caused by historical and future land use changes. In addition, the general CA‐Markov model directly uses a system‐generated suitability atlas. In contrast, this study applied logistic regression and Multi‐criteria evaluation (MCE) methods to construct the suitability atlas, thereby establishing the Logistic‐CA‐Markov and MCE‐CA‐Markov models. Based on the model results, the main results are as follows: (1) The land use in study area is mainly grassland and barren, accounting for more than 80%. Additionally, forest is changing at the highest rate among all land use types. (2) In terms of the percentage of grassland and forest, the future land use predicted by MCE‐CA‐Markov (Multi‐criteria evaluation‐cellular automata‐Markov chain) has the largest forest and grassland coverage (57.78%), whereas the future land use predicted by Logistic CA‐Markov has the lowest (54.69%), indicating that the former pays more attention to the sustainable development of ecological environment. (3) The study area's R2 = 0.83, NSE = 0.79, PBIAS = −18.6%, and validation R2 = 0.81, NSE = 0.76, PBIAS = −17.8% demonstrate the favourable application of the SWAT model. (4) Based on simulated runoff results under historical and future land use scenarios, the amount of increasing grassland and forest coverage in the study area would eventually rise water yield (WYLD) by increasing lateral runoff (LATQ), increasing subsurface runoff (GWQ), and reducing surface runoff (SURQ). The study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of land use change on regional water resources and water balance, thus guiding regional water resources management and sustainable development.
Contingency management for monosubstance use disorders: Systematic review and assessment of predicted versus obtained effects
Authors: Davidson Rosemarie M. , Traxler Haily K. , DeFulio Anthony , Redish A. David , Royle Jenna A. , Gass Hannah P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractContingency management (CM) is notably successful as a substance use disorder treatment and is most effective when targeting monosubstance use. Evidence suggests the effects of CM exceed predictions based on the value of the incentives delivered for monosubstance abstinence. In this systematic review, we examine common variations of CM interventions applied to a single substance to determine what factors may contribute to the larger effect. Our results show that CM produced moderate to large effect sizes when single drugs were targeted, with stable effects over time. We also found that interventions targeting cocaine abstinence overwhelmingly outperformed their predicted effect, whereas interventions for smoking cessation did not. Thus, incentives alone may not account for the success of CM, at least when applied to stimulant use disorder. We propose other potential sources of the effect including social reinforcement and the specific parameters of the reinforcement schedule.
Simplified Flow Photosynthesis of Deuterium‐Labeled Pyocyanin
Authors: Lund Torben , Krake Niels Jacob , Hansen Poul Erik , Alatraktchi Fatima AlZahraa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDeuterium‐labeled pyocyanin was prepared from deuterium‐labeled phenazine methosulfate in gram scale by a simplified flow photosynthesis in water. The main product was the protonated red form of pyocyanin‐d3 (Pyo‐d3‐H+) in 85 % yield. Quantum chemical calculations of NMR support that nitrogen‐10 is protonated. The by‐products of the photolysis and the stability of the photolysis mixture were carefully characterized by LC‐MS and NMR. Four by‐products were identified: An isomer of pyocyanin‐d3 (9%), 8‐hydroxypyocyanin‐d3 (4%), 1‐hydroxyphenazine (0.4%), and phenazine (1%). The Pyo‐d3‐H+ product was stable in the photolysis solution after storage at 8°C for 2.5 years. Pure blue pyocyanin‐d3 powder was isolated from the red photolysis solution by the Surrey method in 94 % yield. The addition of the red photolysis solution of Pyo‐d3‐H+ (100 μM) and commercial pyocyanin (100 μM) to Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures showed the same growth curves demonstrating that the minor impurities in the photolysis solution do not affect the growth behavior of the bacteria. The protonated deuterium‐labeled pyocyanin may be used directly in biological experiments, which make the methodology extremely simple and useful for biologists.
Trends and Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Clinical Stage T1 Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Koti Shruti , Standring Oliver , Vithlani Nandan , Amini Neda , Deperalta Danielle , Deutsch Gary , Karpeh Martin , Weiss Matthew , Lad Neha 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) for early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains controversial. We investigate the adoption of NC and its impact on survival in clinical T1 (cT1) PDAC.MethodsNational Cancer Database (2006–2017) was reviewed for cT1 PDAC. Patients receiving NC and surgery were compared with patients undergoing upfront surgery (US).ResultsA total of 5886 patients were included. NC use increased from 4.8% in 2006 to 18.8% in 2017. The NC group (n = 618) versus the US group (n = 5268) had: younger age (66 years vs. 68 years), smaller tumor size (2 cm vs. 2.2 cm), more pancreas head tumors (77% vs. 70.6%), lower lymph‐vascular invasion (25.9% vs. 40.6%), and less lymph node positivity (43.6% vs. 54.5%), p < 0.001. Factors associated with receipt of NC were: younger age, recent year of diagnosis, and treatment at an academic program. In the NC group versus the US group, median OS was 35.2 months versus 28.3 months, p < 0.001. Factors associated with improved survival included: well differentiated pathology, R0 surgical margins, and receipt of chemotherapy.ConclusionIn cT1 PDAC, chemotherapy is associated with improved survival. In a surgery‐first approach, only 59% of patients receive adjuvant chemotherapy. These data suggest consideration of neoadjuvant therapy for early pancreatic cancer.
CsPbX3@Glass (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanocomposites with Whole‐Family High Absorption Efficiency above 75% for Backlit Display
Authors: Lin Jidong , Zhou Zhehong , Lai Jinming , Ye Weichao , Pang Tao , Li Xinyue , Zeng Lingwei , Lei Lei , Yu Dechao , Chen Daqin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn situ growth of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) in inorganic glass can address their stability issue for wide‐color‐gamut full‐color backlit displays. However, most of the reported CsPbX3 precipitated in glass are limited by low absorption and low external quantum efficiency (EQE). This work demonstrates that CaO additive can adjust the polymerization of borosilicate glass network, and promote the precipitation of whole‐family CsPbX3 PeQDs in glass with a record absorption efficiency above 75%. As a result, the as‐prepared green and red CsPbX3@glass (X3 = Br3, Br1I2) exhibit high EQEs of 75% and 67%, and can pass harsh stability tests after immersing water, irradiating by intensive blue light and experiencing 85 °C/85%RH aging over 1000 h owing to effective protection of PeQDs from external environment with the help of robust glass matrix. As a proof of concept, a white backlit module is fabricated by coupling a single‐layer yellow PeQDs enhanced film (PQDF) with blue light guide panel, and the designed prototype display device with wide color gamut of 115% of the NTSC 1953 exhibits a more realistic and vivid color images. This work will pave the way for the realization of commercial application of ultra‐stable CsPbX3@glass in QD‐backlight displays.
MICRO‐PRACTICES  TO HELP YOU BECOME A GREAT LEADER AND LEARN TO LEAD FROM THE INSIDE OUT
Authors: Maor Dana , Kaas Hans‐Werner , Strovink Kurt , Srinivasan Ramesh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe authors, all senior partners at McKinsey & Company, concluded in working with many leaders that there was a need for greater self‐awareness and self‐reflection. The article, and a recent book from which it is adapted, is based on “a step‐by‐step approach for leaders to reinvent themselves both professionally and personally.” The starting point revolves around “three dimensions: leading yourself, leading individuals and teams, and leading organizations.” Each dimension lists and describes various “micro‐practices.” Within the first dimension, in their words, are, in their words, put being before doing; pause for productive reflection and solitude; seek and embrace feedback from others; keep learning; and embrace optimism; in dimension two; be attentive; foster learning and growth; give feedback; build confidence and an ownership mindset on your team; and celebrate the big things and little things; in dimension three; reinforce values and purpose; master clear communication; be a role model for the rest of the organization; build capabilities and promote continuous learning; and engage stakeholders. “Leadership is now all about personal change,” they conclude, “about being the change you want to see in the world, and then inspiring others to follow.”
Formation and Evolution of Corrosion Products on Eutectic Microstructures: A Novel Study to Understand Corrosion Protection of Zn–Al–Mg Coatings
Authors: Zhou Jiashun , Wang Youbin , Li Yongkun , Xu Zhengbing , He Kezhun , Wang Zhaodong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTZn–Al–Mg coatings contain Zn phase and Zn/Mg–Zn, Zn/Al, and Zn/Al/Mg–Zn eutectics. The formation and evolution of corrosion products on different eutectics that affect the corrosion resistance of Zn–Al–Mg coatings require further exploration. In this work, the formation and evolution of corrosion products on different microstructures were investigated. The results show that while the corrosion products on different microstructures are mainly Zn5(OH)8Cl2, the phase composition and morphology of corrosion products vary significantly. These differences in corrosion products on each microstructure were discussed in detail. The corrosion protective properties of corrosion products on different microstructures were compared. The protective properties of corrosion products are closely related to the content and morphology of Zn5(OH)8Cl2 and Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3. The corrosion products on Zn/Al/Mg2Zn11 eutectic are the finest and densest, with high content of Zn5(OH)8Cl2 and Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3, showing good protective performance. Increasing the content of Zn/Al/Mg–Zn eutectic to enhance the corrosion resistance of Zn–Al–Mg coatings should be considered in the subsequent work.