bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of proximal bone margins in diabetic foot osteomyelitis by conventional culture, DNA sequencing and microscopy
Authors: Malone Matthew , Fritz Blaine G. , Vickery Karen , Schwarzer Saskia , Sharma Varun , Biggs Nathan , Radzieta Michael , Jeffries Thomas T. , Dickson Hugh G. , Jensen Slade O. , Bjarnsholt Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Multiple approaches were employed to detect pathogens from bone margins associated with Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis (DFO). Intra‐operative bone specimens of 14 consecutive subjects with suspected DFO were collected over a six‐month study period from Liverpool Hospital. Infected bone and a proximal bone margins presumed to be ‘clean/non‐infected’ were collected. Bone material was subjected to conventional culture, DNA sequencing and microscopy. In total, eight of 14 (57%) proximal bone margins had no growth by conventional culture but were identified in all proximal bone specimens by DNA sequencing. Proximal margins had lower median total microbial counts than infected specimens, but these differences were not statistically significant. Pathogens identified by sequencing in infected specimens were identified in proximal margins and the microbiomes were similar (ANOSIM = 0.02, p = 0.59). Using a combination of SEM and/or PNA‐FISH, we visualized the presence of microorganisms in infected bone specimens and their corresponding proximal margins of seven patients (50%) with DFO. We identify that bacteria can still reside in what seems to be proximal ‘clean’ margins. The significance and implications of clinical outcomes requires further analysis from a larger sample size that incorporates differences in surgical and post‐operative approaches, correlating any outcomes back to culture‐sequence findings.
Mechanisms of the Ase1/PRC1/MAP65 family in central spindle assembly
Authors: She Zhen‐Yu , Wei Ya‐Lan , Lin Yang , Li Yue‐Ling , Lu Ming‐Hui 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTDuring cytokinesis, the organization of the spindle midzone and chromosome segregation is controlled by the central spindle, a microtubule cytoskeleton containing kinesin motors and non‐motor microtubule‐associated proteins. The anaphase spindle elongation 1/protein regulator of cytokinesis 1/microtubule associated protein 65 (Ase1/PRC1/MAP65) family of microtubule‐bundling proteins are key regulators of central spindle assembly, mediating microtubule crosslinking and spindle elongation in the midzone. Ase1/PRC1/MAP65 serves as a complex regulatory platform for the recruitment of other midzone proteins at the spindle midzone. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding of the structural domains and molecular kinetics of the Ase1/PRC1/MAP65 family. We summarize the regulatory network involved in post‐translational modifications of Ase1/PRC1 by cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), cell division cycle 14 (Cdc14) and Polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) and also highlight multiple functions of Ase1/PRC1 in central spindle organization, spindle elongation and cytokinesis during cell division.
Syndromic chorioretinal coloboma associated with heterozygous de novo RARA mutation affecting an amino acid critical for retinoic acid interaction
Authors: Jakubiuk‐Tomaszuk Anna , Murcia Pienkowski Victor , Zietkiewicz Szymon , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Kosińska Joanna , Stawiński Piotr , Szumiński Michał , Płoski Rafał 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRetinoid acid receptors (RAR) are transcription factors that bind retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A. RARs are composed of three subunits encoded by RARA, RARB and RARG. In humans, RARB defects cause syndromic microphthalmia. So far, no germline pathogenic variants have been identified in RARA or RARG. We describe a girl with a de novo mutation NM_000964 c.826C > T (p.Arg276Trp) in RARA with symptoms overlapping those described in RARB patients (coloboma, muscular hypotonia, dilated pulmonary artery, ectopic kidney). RARA Arg276 residue is functionally important, as it was previously shown that its substitution for Ala or Gln causes a 50‐ or 21‐fold impairment of RA binding, respectively. Moreover, in leukemic cells, the p.Arg611Trp mutation in a chimeric PML/RARA gene (corresponding to the RARA p.Arg276Trp detected in our patient) conferred resistance to therapy by decreasing binding of all‐trans RA. The functional effect of RARA p.Arg276Trp was further confirmed by in silico modeling which showed that binding of RA by the Trp276 variant was similarly defective as in the deleterious model Ala276 mutant. We propose that RARA p.Arg276Trp causes the disease by affecting RA interaction with the RARA receptor.
Treatment efficacy for human papillomavirus‐related anal squamous cell dysplasia in an under‐represented population: human immunodeficiency‐negative, non‐men having sex with men, and non‐transplant population
Authors: Messick C. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐related anal squamous cell dysplasia has been well‐reported in high‐risk (HR) patients [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive, men having sex with men (MSM) or immune‐suppressed transplant recipients]. However, data are extremely limited for all other patients. This study reports treatment outcomes for HPV‐related dysplasia in a population of non‐HR patients.MethodA retrospective study was performed to review treatment efficacy in non‐HR patients diagnosed with anal dysplasia or superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SISCCA) with at least 12‐months’ follow‐up; HR patients were excluded. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, pathology, cytopathology, treatment and recurrences.ResultsForty‐one patients were identified (34 women). The median age at diagnosis was 58 years (range 26–85) and median follow‐up was 26 months (range 12–51). At diagnosis, 36 patients had anal dysplasia and five patients had SISCCA. Treatment outcomes (resolved versus recurrent) differed between treatment modalities (P = 0.014). Topical and fulguration‐only treatment modalities were superior to wide local excision (WLE) (P < 0.006 and P < 0.008, respectively). Fourteen (39%) patients had recurrent dysplasia at a median of 14 months (range 4–62); eight patients developed a second recurrence at a median of 14 months (range 11–26). No SISCCA patient had a recurrence, but two patients progressed to anal cancer after treatment.ConclusionThe behaviour of anal dysplasia reported in this under‐represented, small group of non‐HR patients reveals that treatment for anal dysplasia is not necessarily a single event and nonexcisional treatments may be favourable to WLE. Though the true denominator of this population is unknown, treatment may not prevent the recurrence of dysplasia or progression to cancer, warranting close follow‐up.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and AST‐to‐Platelet Ratio Index as noninvasive biomarkers predict allograft fibrosis after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Beime Jan , Krech Till , Hischke Sandra , Grabhorn Enke , Brinkert Florian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAssessing liver fibrosis in patients after liver transplantation is still largely dependent on liver biopsy. Especially in children, noninvasive methods are of utmost importance. We evaluated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) and AST‐to‐Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and their potential as serum biomarkers to predict liver allograft fibrosis (LAF) in a pediatric cohort.MethodsIn this retrospective, observational study, we analyzed 91 protocol liver biopsy specimens from 73 children after pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) and compared histological stage of liver fibrosis using LAF Score (LAFSc) and Ishak Score (IshakSc) to TIMP1‐serum concentration and APRI using ROC analysis.ResultsIn our cohort, TIMP1 and APRI reliably predict LAF. Depending on the histological scoring system, cutoff values for TIMP1 were 328 ng/mL (IshakSc ≥ IV) and 351 ng/mL (LAFSc ≥ 5) with AUC of 0.86 and 0.98. The cutoff for APRI was 0.8 with AUC of 0.87 (IshakSc ≥ IV) and 0.94 (LAFSc ≥ 5). Using LAFSc, TIMP1 and APRI showed excellent diagnostic accuracy to detect severe LAF (LAFSc ≥ 5) with PPV of ≥ 90% and NPV of 100%.ConclusionTIMP1 and APRI are accurate biomarkers to predict severe LAF in children. The use of TIMP1 and APRI will not replace but complement liver biopsies after PLT to further improve our understanding of each individual patient.
Validating standardised personality tests under semi‐natural conditions in wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus)
Authors: Krebs Rebecca , Linnenbrink Miriam , Guenther Anja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPersonality traits in animals are often measured using standardised behavioural tests for activity, boldness/shyness, sociability, aggression and exploration. These tests are quick and convenient, as well as easy to repeat. As the interest in studying the impact of animal personality on ecological and evolutionary consequences has been growing rapidly, there is increasing focus on cross‐validating measurements taken during these tests with behaviours shown under natural situations. In our experiment, we aimed to study the relationship between standardised measurements for activity, exploration and anxiety‐like behaviour measured in Open Field, Novel Object and Elevated Plus Maze tests with exploration and colonisation in semi‐natural conditions. We carried out a semi‐natural enclosure experiment in parallel with standardised behavioural tests, creating a scenario similar to an invasion or dispersal event. We compared behaviours in standardised tests and in enclosures for animals of two populations of wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Several behavioural variables taken during the standardised tests, such as distance moved and time spent with novel object, were negatively correlated with space‐use in the enclosure while being highly positively correlated among each other. Based on their relationship with space use, we refer to behavioural measurements from standardised tests as activity/exploration. The time spent near the walls in an open field, probably reflecting anxiety, was not correlated to any other variable or the behaviour in the enclosure. In addition, we found differences in activity/exploration behaviour between the two populations in the standardised tests, but not during the colonisation of the novel environment. These results emphasise that researchers have to be careful when trying to extrapolate behaviour shown in standardised laboratory test setups to more natural, ecologically relevant situations. This has to be taken into account in distantly related species but even when studying the wild relative of laboratory rodents, for which these standardised tests have originally been developed.
Digital and urban spaces: Oxymoron or binomial? Urban transformations in the digital era
Authors: De Falco Stefano 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis is the era of the fourth industrial revolution. It is characterized by new, digital spaces in which individuals, especially digital natives, operate. It is in this new framework that digital spaces and physical urban spaces either mutually and constructively reinforce each other or destructively exclude each other. A conceptual reflection regarding Urban Constructive Interference and Urban Destructive Interference is thus explored in this work. These respective relationships between spaces consequentially affect urban transformations, particularly in consumption‐based and entertainment‐based places. These germinal relationships will become intrinsic in the fast‐paced transformations of society and urban phenomena. This paper does not linger on comprehensive coverage of case studies or an exhaustive mapping of geographic relationships between digital and urban spaces. However, it does aim to provide a critical framework concerning the drive towards a future where urban spaces are governed by digital technology.
Sarcopenia‐associated factors in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mochizuki Takeshi , Yano Koichiro , Ikari Katsunori , Okazaki Ken 
Published: July 2019

AimTo evaluate the prevalence rate and factors associated with sarcopenia in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsWe enrolled 240 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged ≥65 years in this study. We examined clinical data: age, sex, body mass index, disease duration, rheumatoid factor positivity, anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positivity, biological or target synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug use, methotrexate use, glucocorticoid use, C‐reactive protein level, disease activity score in 28 joints‐erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and total hip, grip strength, gait speed, and relative skeletal muscle mass index by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was defined according to a consensus report by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.ResultsThe prevalence rate of sarcopenia was found to be 29.6%. Multivariate analysis identified the following factors to be associated with sarcopenia: age (P = 0.008; odds ratio 1.08), body mass index (P < 0.001; odds ratio 0.73), C‐reactive protein (P = 0.017; odds ratio 1.76) and hip bone mineral density (P = 0.037; odds ratio 0.61).ConclusionsThe sarcopenia‐associated factors were age, body mass index, C‐reactive protein and hip bone mineral density in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Because the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, a standard measurement of function, cannot predict sarcopenia, the muscle mass needs to be measured while assessing changes in grip strength, body mass index, C‐reactive protein and hip bone mineral density. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 907–912.
Determination of Te, As, Bi, Sb and Se (TABS) in Geological Reference Materials and GeoPT Proficiency Test Materials by Hydride Generation‐Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG‐AFS)
Authors: Mansur Eduardo Teixeira , Barnes Sarah‐Jane , Savard Dany , Webb Peter C. 
Published: July 2019

The study of Te, As, Bi, Sb and Se (TABS) has increased over the past years due to their use in the development of low‐carbon energy technologies. However, there is a scarcity of mass fraction values of TABS in geological reference materials. This underlines the difficulty in undertaking routine determinations of these elements. The mass fractions of TABS were determined in geological reference materials using hydride generation‐atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG‐AFS), calibrated with standard solutions. Comparisons with literature values were used to validate the method. Samples from the GeoPT proficiency test were also analysed. For most elements, there are no assigned or even provisional values for many of the GeoPT and reference materials because of the wide range of results reported. For mass fractions above the quantification limit of the method, our results are in good agreement with the median of GeoPT results. Thus, we propose GeoPT median values as informational values for these elements. In contrast, at mass fractions < 0.5 µg g−1 median values of Se from GeoPT are systematically higher than our results. Our Se results are in agreement with the reference materials down to 0.02 µg g−1, which suggest that many of the results for Se reported in GeoPT testing are too high.
CSF Pressure, Volume, and Post‐Dural Puncture Headache: A Case‐Control Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Smith Jonathan H. , Mac Grory Brian , Butterfield Richard J. , Khokar Babar , Falk Bryce L. , Marks Lisa A. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives(1) To perform a systematic literature review to evaluate associations between post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) and opening pressure (OP), closing pressure (CP), and volume of cerebrospinal fluid (V) removed. (2) To perform a case‐control study to evaluate pressure‐volume index (PVI) as a novel risk factor for PDPH.BackgroundAccording to the International Classification of Headache Diagnoses, 3rd Edition (ICHD‐3), the diagnosis of PDPH requires documentation of intracranial hypotension. However, this remains an unproven concept.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted, searching Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid EMBASE, OVID MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Study inclusion required a comparison of headache incidence following a LP as a function of OP, CP, and/or V.A retrospective, case‐control study with 1:1 matching was conducted utilizing ICHD‐3 criteria. Patients with factors that could influence CSF pressure were excluded.ResultsIn our case‐control study, we did not identify a paired difference in either median (95% CI) elastance (0.05 [−0.09, 0.11], P = .503) or PVI (4.53 [−7.98, 19.97], P = .678). We identified 22 references, evaluating V (n = 14), OP (n = 11), and/or CP (n = 4). There was no convincing evidence for an association of PDPH with either OP or CP. A minority of studies documenting an association with V included patients with high‐volume CSF removal, and/or stratified patients by the timing of the headache onset.ConclusionsThe overall risk of PDPH does not appear to be influenced by OP, CP, V or PVI. PDPH may be related to V in instances of high‐volume removal, and depend on the timing of outcome assessment. Future revision of criteria should consider the existence of immediate and delayed PDPH subtypes, and not presume intracranial hypotension as a mandatory feature.
Oral health care provided by nurses for hospitalized patients in Korea
Authors: Lee Ye‐Ji , Noh Hie‐Jin , Han Sun‐Young , Jeon Hyun‐Sun , Chung Won‐Gyun , Mun So‐Jung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate registered nurses’ awareness and implementation of oral health care in patients who are hospitalized in general wards or intensive care units (ICUs) in South Korea.MethodsThis research was performed as a descriptive survey of 149 nurses working in nine general hospitals with at least 100 beds in major Korean cities.ResultsApproximately half (40.9%) of the survey respondents reported providing oral health care for hospitalized patients but that relevant protocols were not available at most hospitals or wards (89.5%). Nurses working in an ICU were significantly more likely to provide oral health care than those working in general wards (83.9% vs 15.1%; P < .001). Most respondents (83.2%) were aware of the importance of providing oral health care for hospitalized patients; however, the proportion considering that such care should be provided by dental hygienists was greater than that considering it should be provided by nurses (36.4% vs 26.0%; P < .001). Agreement that oral health care should be provided for hospitalized patients by dental hygienists was highest in nurses working in ICUs (53.3%; P < .001).ConclusionsAccording to this survey, oral healthcare provision is generally low in hospitalized patients and differs between ICUs and general wards. Most respondents considered that dental hygienists should provide oral health care for hospitalized patients. There is an opportunity for nurses and dental hygienists to work collaboratively towards development of an evidence‐based protocol for oral health care in hospitalized patients.
Composition‐dependent intrinsic defect structures in pyroclore RE2B2O7 (RE = La, Nd, Gd; B = Sn, Hf, Zr)
Authors: Yang Lan , Wang Peiying , Zhang Chengguan , Liu Yuchen , Cui Yuanyuan , Zhang Liangmiao , Liu Bin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPoint defects are closely correlated with various properties of pyrochlore oxides and therefore play a key role on their engineering applications. Here, the native point defect complexes in RE2B2O7 (RE = La, Nd, Gd; B = Sn, Hf, Zr) under stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric compositions are studied by first‐principles calculations. The O Frenkel defect complex is predicted to be the predominant defect structure in stoichiometric zirconates and hafnates, whereas the cation antisite defect complex is the predominant one in stannates. In the case of BO2 excess, the formation of the B‐RE antisite defect together with the RE vacancy and the oxygen interstitial is energetically favorable, whereas the RE‐B antisite defect together with the oxygen vacancy and the RE interstitial is preferable under the RE2O3 excess environments. Additionally, the formation energies of the native defect complexes are greatly affected by the B‐site and/or RE‐site cations. The strategy on tailoring the intrinsic defect structures of these pyrochlore oxides is proposed. It is expected to guide the experiments on the defect‐related property optimization through stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric compositions, so as to meet the specific engineering requirements and promote their commercial applications.
SrAl12O19: Fe3+ @3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane: Ambient aqueous stable near‐infrared persistent luminescent nanocomposites
Authors: Kang Ru , Dou Xiaojing , Lian Huiwang , Li Yang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) persistent luminescent nanoparticles (N‐PLNPs) endow a long‐term in vivo imaging with deep tissue penetration and high signal to noise ratio. However, synthesis route and applicable afterglow center for N‐PLNPs are still limited. Here, we report on a new synthesis by employing chemical precipitation as the central pivot, which is simpler and has controllable and reproducible routes than the existing technique. We also introduce Fe3+ ion as a new member to join the group of afterglow emitters. Although its NIR luminescence is ubiquitous, its NIR afterglow is still almost never reported. In this paper, SrAl12O19: Fe3+ N‐PLNPs display a NIR persistent luminescence from 750 to 1000 nm, which is assigned to 4T1(4G)→6A1(6S) transition of Fe3+. Furthermore, a surface‐amination technique is proposed to improve the stability of SrAl12O19: Fe3+ N‐PLNPs in aqueous solution. After encapsulating the N‐PLNPs with 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), SrAl12O19: Fe3+ @APTES nanocomposites exhibit a hydrophilic stability beyond 20 days in aqueous solution. The results make them valuable in studying the biological functions of biomolecules and monitoring cellular networks in their native contexts.
Transformation All the Way Down? European Union Integration and the Professional Socialization of Municipal Health Officials in Serbia
Authors: Fagan Adam , Sircar Indraneel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article assesses whether different types of exposure to European Union (EU) modes of socialization are associated with differences in attitudes towards corruption, using Serbia as case study. Drawing on a survey of Serbian municipal health‐care officials, the article complements existing research on the impact of EU conditionality on attitudes at the national level, while also contributing to the understanding of the impact of domestic variables on Europeanization. Thus, the article's contribution to the wider literature is to interrogate the premise that in order to deliver substantive reform, attitudes and practices need to be changed via exposure to EU tutelage and processes. Our data suggest that the type of interaction that officials have with the EU and its processes matters. While those involved in EU harmonization activities were significantly more critical of clientelistic behaviour, there is no significant association between attitudes and doing daily EU‐related work or attending EU training.