bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The petrographie study of the
ceramics
Authors: Day P.M. 
Published: May 2019

The fragmentary assemblage was analysed by
various techniques, mostly based on pétrographie
methods, the results of which are summarised. The
analyses generated data which are applicable to
on-site spatial and chronological problems, in
addition to those concerning characterisation and
provenance study.Macroscopic examination of pottery from each
individual scatter and ceramic spot finds was
undertaken to establish the extent of variation
within these apparently discrete spreads of
material. This information was enhanced by data
from microscopic techniques. The colour, surface
treatment, size and temper of inclusions and any
other observable fabric characteristics were
recorded from the hand specimen. Surface and
fabric traits were identified with the aid of a
binocular microscope and colour readings were
taken with reference to Munsell Soil Colour
Charts. One sample from each scatter or spot find
was refired, with the exception of SF182 and SF184
(both consisted of one small sherd, and were
therefore only available for thin sectioning.
Catalogue of human
bone
Authors: Henderson Janet D. 
Published: May 2019

SF35 Context 002An inhumed mandibular right second molar from
the permanent dentition. There was slight
polishing of the occlusal surface which indicated
that it came from an adult individual.SF37 Context 0021. Two fragments of inhumed human cranium, one
of them from the parietal bone. Both fragments
could be aged as adult but it was not possible to
say whether this represented more than one
individual or not.2. A few fragments of inhumed human long bone
shafts.
The Molluscs
Authors: Howard-Davis Christine 
Published: May 2019

A small sample of snail shells were retained
from context 002, It represented the complete, or
almost complete shells of not less than 172
individuals. From this samples six common and
widespread species were identified and two further
species recognised but not identified.The best represented species was
Cepaea, with both
C.hortensis (represented
largely by its yellow unbanded form) and
C.nemoralis present.
Helix aspersa,
Cernuellavirgata?,
Oxychilusallianus and
Trichiahispida? were also
represented; of these
H.aspersa was present in
the greatest numbers. All of these species are now
widespread and occupy a wide range of
habitats.
A New Quantitative Measure for Monitoring Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
Authors: Moulton Richard J. , Konasiewicz Stefan J. , O'Connor Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the development and testing of a computer algorithm to automate the process of peak identification and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) grading. We tested the accuracy of computerized peak detection and evaluated grading schemes using a test set of 60 SSEPs ranked from worst to best by the programmer (RJM) and a blinded grader (PO). The computer algorithm recognized 95% of peaks identified by visual inspection. Twelve percent of peaks identified by the computer were noise. Summed peak to peak amplitude gave the most accurate ranking of SSEPs. Rank correlation between computer and blinded and unblinded expert grading was r = .82 for PO, r = .92 for RJM, p < .0001 for both. Computer and manually summed amplitudes were highly correlated (Pearson r = .98, p < .0001). Correlation between the 2 expert graders was .86, p < .0001. Computer graded SSEPs were significantly related to clinical outcome at 3 months, p < .0001. Automatic grading of SSEPs using summed peak to peak amplitude is highly correlated with expert grading. The measure is objective, continuous, and well suited to statistical analysis.
Lexical transfer and second language morphological development
Authors: Hancin-Bhatt Barbara , Nagy William 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the development of two levels of morphological knowledge that contribute to Spanish-English bilingual students’ ability to recognize cognates: the ability to recognize a cognate stem within a suffixed English word, and knowledge of systematic relationships between Spanish and English suffixes (e.g., the fact that words ending in -ty in English often have a Spanish cognate ending in -dad). A total of 196 Latino bilingual students in 4th, 6th, and 8th grade were asked to give the Spanish equivalent for English words, some of which had derivational and inflectional suffixes. The results indicated that the students’ ability to translate cognates increased with age above and beyond any increase in their vocabulary knowledge in Spanish and English. There was also marked growth in the students’ knowledge of systematic relationships between Spanish and English suffixes. Students recognized cognate stems of suffixed words more easily than noncognate stems, suggesting that, in closely related languages such as Spanish and English, cross-language transfer may play a role, not just in recognizing individual words, but also in the learning of derivational morphology.
Conceptual and associative processing in antonymy and synonymy
Authors: Charles Walter G. , Reed Marjorie A. , Derryberry Douglas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent models of antonymy differ over the involvement of associative and conceptual connections in the representation of direct and indirect antonyms. To assess these models, subjects were presented with two sequential adjectives. In the first study they made relatedness judgments, and in the second study they made antonym and synonym judgments. Conceptual processes were manipulated by varying semantic distance, and associative processes were manipulated by varying lexical markedness. Judgments were fastest for direct antonyms, even when compared to synonyms of similar relatedness. Although judgments for synonyms were faster than for indirect antonyms, semantic distance and markedness had similar effects on these word classes. These results suggest that direct antonymy may utilize associative connections, but that indirect antonymy, like synonymy, relies primarily on conceptual connections.
HEIGHT AND INEQUALITY IN SPAIN: A LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Cámara Antonio D. , Martínez-Carrión José Miguel , Puche Javier , Ramon-Muñoz Josep-Maria 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the evolution of nutritional inequality in Spain among cohorts born between 1840 and 1964. With male height data (N= 358,253), the secular trend of biological well-being and intergenerational anthropometric inequalities are studied based on the coefficient of variation, height percentiles and socioeconomic categories (students, literate non-students and illiterate). The results reveal that the nutritional inequalities were very large in the mid-19thcentury. Anthropometric inequalities diminished among those born between 1880 and 1919 and increased again, although only moderately, from the cohorts of the 1920s. From the 1930s there was a cycle of sustained increase in height. Despite nutritional improvement, the data suggest that nutritional inequalities increased during the Franco regime, affecting the low-income population segments particularly.
A transnational model of virtual exchange for global citizenship education
Authors: O'Dowd Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVirtual exchange is a well-known pedagogical approach in foreign language (FL) education which involves engaging classes in online intercultural collaboration projects with international partners as an integrated part of their educational programmes. This paper begins by reviewing e-tandem and telecollaborative approaches to virtual exchange which are currently being used extensively in FL education and presents two case studies which illustrate the common learning outcomes and limitations of such approaches. I then propose an alternative model of virtual exchange which maintains many of the key characteristics of earlier approaches but which incorporates the principles of global citizenship education and which moves away from bilingual–bicultural approaches. I conclude by outlining the main characteristics of this model and presenting some examples of how this approach could be put into practice.
Explaining Value
Authors: Harman Gilbert 
Published: May 2019

I am concerned with values in the descriptive rather than in the normative sense. I am interested in theories that seek to explain one or another aspect of people's moral psychology. Why do people value what they value? Why do they have other moral reactions? What accounts for their feelings, their motivations to act morally, and their opinions about obligation, duty, rights, justice, and what people ought to do?A moral theory like (one or another version of) utilitarianism (or social-contract theory, natural-law theory, Kantianism, or whatever) may be put forward as offering the correct normative account of justice, or of the good, or of what people ought morally to do. The answers such a theory offers may be surprising in suggesting that what people ought to do is quite different from what they think they ought to do. I am not concerned with normative moral theories of this revisionary sort. Indeed, I am interested in less revisionary normative theories only to the extent that they can be reinterpreted as offering potential explanations of people's actual moral reactions.
Anniversary article: Then and now: 25 years of progress in natural language engineering
Authors: Tait John , Wilks Yorick 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe paper reviews the state of the art of natural language engineering (NLE) around 1995, when this journal first appeared, and makes a critical comparison with the current state of the art in 2018, as we prepare the 25th Volume. Specifically the then state of the art in parsing, information extraction, chatbots, and dialogue systems, speech processing and machine translation are briefly reviewed. The emergence in the 1980s and 1990s of machine learning (ML) and statistical methods (SM) is noted. Important trends and areas of progress in the subsequent years are identified. In particular, the move to the use of n-grams or skip grams and/or chunking with part of speech tagging and away from whole sentence parsing is noted, as is the increasing dominance of SM and ML. Some outstanding issues which merit further research are briefly pointed out, including metaphor processing and the ethical implications of NLE.
Gain enhancement for MIMO antenna using metamaterial structure
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Lan , Vu Van Yem 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a multiple input multiple output antenna which operates at 5.8 GHz for wireless local area network applications is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of two sets of four elements antenna array (2 × 2) on the top and a novel metamaterial structure on the ground plane. Here, the ground plane, which includes a lattice of 2 × 5 unit cells of metamaterial structure, is utilized in order to improve parameters of the antenna. Thanks to the proposed metamaterial structure, not only gain and bandwidth of antenna are enhanced, but also mutual coupling is reduced. The final design, with an overall size of 137 × 77 × 3.048 mm3, resulted in a |S11| &lt;−10 dB bandwidth of 1.78 GHz and a peak gain of 9.2 dBi. In addition, the isolation is higher than 18 dB although the close separation from edge to edge of the two antennas is only 2 mm and radiation efficiency of 73% at the operating frequency band. All is simulated based on CST Studio software and the simulated S-parameter results of the antenna are in good agreement with measurement results.
An Exact Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Evaluating Water Distribution Infrastructure Criticality and Geospatial Interdependence
Authors: Abdel‐Mottaleb N. , Ghasemi Saghand P. , Charkhgard H. , Zhang Q. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFailures within water distribution systems are usually not isolated and tend to propagate to corresponding transportation infrastructure, yet most criticality and resilience analyses of water distribution networks are conducted for the individual water infrastructure without accounting for interdependence. To address this research gap, this study investigates how the critical components identified within water distribution systems may be different when accounting for failure propagation to the transportation road network. In this study, failure propagation is assumed to be based on geospatial interdependence and unidirectional, starting from water distribution network components to transportation network components. A logical interaction network is constructed considering the interdependence between both infrastructures, and multiobjective optimization is used to solve for the critical water distribution components considering: quantity of failures, performance loss, and financial costs. This work presents a modular workflow for water distribution criticality analysis and proposes the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov distance statistic between solution sets as a measure of the significance of interdependency for decision making. Results from the case study suggest that as the magnitude of water infrastructure failure increases beyond a threshold, the interdependency between water distribution and transportation becomes more significant. The difference between identified critical components using only information from water distribution and using both water distribution and transportation is significantly different (with greater than 95% confidence) for the city of Tampa, when more than 40 components fail (are isolated). These results will assist utilities in asset management and strategy assessment, by helping prioritize component repair and better allocate resources for critical interdependent infrastructures.
Comparing Aerial Lidar Observations With Terrestrial Lidar and Snow‐Probe Transects From NASA's 2017 SnowEx Campaign
Authors: Currier William Ryan , Pflug Justin , Mazzotti Giulia , Jonas Tobias , Deems Jeffrey S. , Bormann Kat J. , Painter Thomas H. , Hiemstra Christopher A. , Gelvin Arthur , Uhlmann Zach , Spaete Lucas , Glenn Nancy F. , Lundquist Jessica D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNASA's 2017 SnowEx field campaign at Grand Mesa, CO, generated Airborne Laser Scans (ALS), Terrestrial Laser Scans (TLS), and snow‐probe transects, which allowed for a comparison between snow depth measurement techniques. At six locations, comparisons between gridded ALS and TLS observations, at 1‐m resolution, had a median snow depth difference of 5 cm, root‐mean‐square difference of 16 cm, mean‐absolute difference of 10 cm, and 3‐cm difference in standard deviation. ALS generally had greater but similar snow depth values to TLS, and results were not sensitive to the gridded cell size between 0.5 and 5 m. The greatest disagreements were where snow‐off TLS scans had shrubs and high incidence angles, leading to deeper snow depths (>10 cm) from ALS than TLS. The low vegetation and oblique angles caused occlusion in the TLS data and thus produced higher snow‐off bare Earth models relative to the ALS. Furthermore, in subcanopy areas where both ALS and TLS data existed, snow depth differences were comparable to differences in the open. Meanwhile, median values from 52 snow‐probe transects and near‐coincident ALS data had a mean difference of 6 cm, root‐mean‐square difference of 8 cm, mean‐absolute difference of 7 cm, and a mean difference in the standard deviation of 1 cm. Snow depth probes had greater but similar snow depth values to ALS. Therefore, based on comparisons with TLS and snow depth probes, ALS captured snow depth magnitude with better than or equal agreement to what has been reported in previous studies and showed the ability to capture high‐resolution spatial variability.
The Exceptional 2018 European Water Seesaw Calls for Action on Adaptation
Authors: Toreti Andrea , Belward Alan , Perez‐Dominguez Ignacio , Naumann Gustavo , Luterbacher Jürg , Cronie Ottmar , Seguini Lorenzo , Manfron Giacinto , Lopez‐Lozano Raul , Baruth Bettina , van den Berg Maurits , Dentener Frank , Ceglar Andrej , Chatzopoulos Thomas , Zampieri Matteo 
Published: May 2019

Temperature and precipitation are the most important factors responsible for agricultural productivity variations. In 2018 spring/summer growing season, Europe experienced concurrent anomalies of both. Drought conditions in central and northern Europe caused yield reductions up to 50% for the main crops, yet wet conditions in southern Europe saw yield gains up to 34%, both with respect to the previous 5‐year mean. Based on the analysis of documentary and natural proxy‐based seasonal paleoclimate reconstructions for the past half millennium, we show that the 2018 combination of climatic anomalies in Europe was unique. The water seesaw, a marked dipole of negative water anomalies in central Europe and positive ones in southern Europe, distinguished 2018 from the five previous similar droughts since 1976. Model simulations reproduce the 2018 European water seesaw in only 4 years out of 875 years in historical runs and projections. Future projections under the RCP8.5 scenario show that 2018‐like temperature and rainfall conditions, favorable to crop growth, will occur less frequent in southern Europe. In contrast, in central Europe high‐end emission scenario climate projections show that droughts as intense as 2018 could become a common occurrence as early as 2043. While integrated European and global agricultural markets limited agro‐economic shocks caused by 2018's extremes, there is an urgent need for adaptation strategies for European agriculture to consider futures without the benefits of any water seesaw.
How Does Cloud Overlap Affect the Radiative Heating in the Tropical Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere?
Authors: Johansson Erik , Devasthale Abhay , Ekman Annica M. L. , Tjernström Michael , L'Ecuyer Tristan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCharacterizing two‐layer cloud systems has historically been difficult. These systems have a strong radiative impact on the composition of and the processes in the upper troposphere‐lower stratosphere (UTLS). Using 4 years of combined spaceborne lidar and radar observations, the radiative impact of two‐layer cloud systems in the tropical UTLS is characterized, and its sensitivity to the properties of top‐ and bottom‐layer clouds is further quantified. Under these overlapping cloud conditions, the bottom‐layer clouds can fully suppress the radiative heating caused by high clouds in the UTLS, by inducing strong longwave cooling. If the vertical separation between the layers is <4 km, the radiative heating of the high cloud changes sign from positive to negative. Furthermore, the radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere is investigated, and it is found that the characteristic net warming by cirrus with ice water path <50 g/m2 is suppressed in the two‐layered system.
Transcriptional and functional consequences of TP53 splice mutations in colorectal cancer
Authors: Smeby Jørgen , Sveen Anita , Eilertsen Ina A. , Danielsen Stine A. , Hoff Andreas M. , Eide Peter W. , Johannessen Bjarne , Hektoen Merete , Skotheim Rolf I. , Guren Marianne G. , Nesbakken Arild , Lothe Ragnhild A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTP53 mutations are common in colorectal cancer (CRC). Most TP53 sequencing studies have been restricted to coding regions, but recent studies have revealed that splice mutations can generate transcript variants with distinct tumorigenic and prognostic properties. Here, we performed unrestricted sequencing of all coding sequences and splice regions of TP53 in a single-hospital series of 401 primary CRCs. TP53 splice mutations were detected in 4% of the cases (N = 16), considerably more frequent than reported in major databases, and they were mutually exclusive to exon mutations. RNA sequencing revealed high-level expression of aberrant transcript variants in the majority of splice mutated tumors (75%). Most variants were predicted to produce truncated TP53 proteins, including one sample expressing the potentially oncogenic and druggable p53ψ isoform. Despite heterogeneous transcript structures, downstream transcriptional profiling revealed that TP53 splice mutations had similar effects on TP53 target gene expression and pathway activity as exonic mutations. Intriguingly, TP53 splice mutations were associated with worse 5-year relapse-free survival in stage II disease, compared to both TP53 wild-type and exon mutations (P = 0.007). These data highlight the importance of including splice regions when examining the biological and clinical consequences of TP53 mutations in CRC.
Translation of yes-associated protein (YAP) was antagonized by its circular RNA via suppressing the assembly of the translation initiation machinery
Authors: Wu Nan , Yuan Zhidong , Du Kevin Y. , Fang Ling , Lyu Juanjuan , Zhang Chao , He Alina , Eshaghi Esra , Zeng Kaixuan , Ma Jian , Du William W. , Yang Burton B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractYap is the key component of Hippo pathway which plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis. Inhibition of Yap activity could promote apoptosis, suppress proliferation, and restrain metastasis of cancer cells. However, how Yap is regulated is not fully understood. Here, we reported Yap being negatively regulated by its circular RNA (circYap) through the suppression of the assembly of Yap translation initiation machinery. Overexpression of circYap in cancer cells significantly decreased Yap protein but did not affect its mRNA levels. As a consequence, it remarkably suppressed proliferation, migration and colony formation of the cells. We found that circYap could bind with Yap mRNA and the translation initiation associated proteins, eIF4G and PABP. The complex containing overexpressed circYap abolished the interaction of PABP on the poly(A) tail with eIF4G on the 5′-cap of the Yap mRNA, which functionally led to the suppression of Yap translation initiation. Individually blocking the binding sites of circYap on Yap mRNA or respectively mutating the binding sites for PABP and eIF4G derepressed Yap translation. Significantly, breast cancer tissue from patients in the study manifested dysregulation of circYap expression. Collectively, our study uncovered a novel molecular mechanism in the regulation of Yap and implicated a new function of circular RNA, supporting the pursuit of circYap as a potential tool for future cancer intervention.
Bridging the gap between transition metal- and bio-catalysis via aqueous micellar catalysis
Authors: Cortes-Clerget Margery , Akporji Nnamdi , Zhou Jianguang , Gao Feng , Guo Pengfei , Parmentier Michael , Gallou Fabrice , Berthon Jean-Yves , Lipshutz Bruce H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that aqueous solutions of designer surfactants enable a wide variety of valuable transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. Since reactions take place within the inner hydrophobic cores of these tailor-made nanoreactors, and products made therein are in dynamic exchange between micelles through the water, opportunities exist to use enzymes to effect secondary processes. Herein we report that ketone-containing products, formed via initial transition metal-catalyzed reactions based on Pd, Cu, Rh, Fe and Au, can be followed in the same pot by enzymatic reductions mediated by alcohol dehydrogenases. Most noteworthy is the finding that nanomicelles present in the water appear to function not only as a medium for both chemo- and bio-catalysis, but as a reservoir for substrates, products, and catalysts, decreasing noncompetitive enzyme inhibition.