bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels and risk of spontaneous abortion: A prospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kianpour Maryam , Aminorroaya Ashraf , Amini Massoud , Feizi Awat , Aminorroaya Yamini Sima , Janghorbani Mohsen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThyroid dysfunction, a common complication of pregnancy, is associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal consequences. This study aimed to determine the effect of TSH levels on early pregnancy outcome in a prospective population‐based cohort study.Design and methodsThe serum TSH, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyroid peroxidase antibody levels and urinary iodine concentration of 418 pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy were measured. According to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the local reference ranges for TSH, women were divided into two groups of 0.1‐2.5, >2.5 mIU/L and 0.2‐4.6, >4.6 mIU/L. The risk of spontaneous abortion (SA) was calculated for each group.ResultsSpontaneous abortion was detected in 7.2% (n = 30) of total 418 pregnancies. Women with TSH levels > 2.5 mIU/L had an increased risk of SA, compared to women with TSH levels of 0.1‐2.5 mIU/L (relative risk [RR] 3.719, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.713‐8.074). The risk of SA was increased in women with TSH levels > 4.6 mIU/L (RR 5.939, 95% CI: 1.711‐20.620). The rate of SA was increased by 78% for every unit increase in standard deviation of TSH concentration (RR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.09‐1.70). The rate of miscarriages in the treated group by levothyroxine was 9.8% (n = 6) compared to 28.6% (n = 8) in the untreated group (P = 0.024).ConclusionsOur finding suggests that the upper limit for the TSH normal range should be redefined to <2.5 mIU/L during the first trimester of gestation. The local upper limit was 4.6 mIU/L, consistent with 4.0 mIU/L cut‐off value recommended by the ATA.
A multicenter randomized controlled trial using a novel collagen membrane for guided bone regeneration at dehisced single implant sites: Outcome at prosthetic delivery and at 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Urban Istvan A. , Wessing Bastian , Alández Nuria , Meloni Silvio , González‐Martin Oscar , Polizzi Giovanni , Sanz‐Sanchez Igancio , Montero Eduardo , Zechner Werner 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare clinical performance of a novel resorbable non‐cross‐linked collagen membrane (CXP) with a reference membrane (non‐cross‐linked resorbable membrane; BG) for simultaneous implant placement and guided bone regeneration (GBR) at dehisced single implant sites.Materials and methodsPreliminary data from this randomized controlled trial were reported previously; this is the 12‐month report. The primary outcome measure was defected height at 6 months post‐GBR. Secondary outcomes included implant cumulative survival rate (CSR) and success rate since placement; bone level changes, pink esthetic score (PES), and patient satisfaction since definitive prosthesis delivery; patient quality of life since pretreatment; and the 1‐year bleeding index. Non‐parametric statistical analyses were performed.ResultsAmong patients, 24 were treated with CXP and 25 with BG. The 1‐year implant CSR and success rate were 100% (n = 42). Bone level change between definitive prosthetic delivery and 1 year was not significantly different between the CXP and BG groups (BG + 0.42 mm, CXP + 0.01 mm). The PES increased from 7.55 to 8.10 for the CXP group and from 6.48 to 7.48 for the BG group; 1‐year bleeding indices were 0 (16 CXP, 18 BG) and 1 (4 CXP, 2 BG). Patient quality of life changed from an OHIP‐14 score of 6.5 at pretreatment to 1.9 at 1 year. Overall satisfaction (visual analogue score) with function and esthetics was 9.9 and 9.7, respectively. Inter‐group differences were not significant for assessed outcomes. No device‐related adverse events were reported.ConclusionsThe use of CXP and BG for simultaneous implant placement and GBR at dehisced implant sites similarly reduced defect height and improved secondary measures, indicating non‐inferiority.
Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma: A clinicopathologic study of 62 cases and proposed diagnostic criteria
Authors: Roy Simon F. , Dong Danni , Myung Peggy , McNiff Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma (MCAH) is an uncommon and likely underdiagnosed entity that is thought to be of vascular and fibrohistiocytic origin.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all cases diagnosed as MCAH at the Yale Medicine Dermatopathology laboratory between 1 January 1990 and 1 September 2018. Sixty‐two cases were retained. We performed immunohistochemistry on the ten most inflamed lesions found and assessed for a possible alteration within the Wnt/ß‐catenin signaling pathway, involved in follicular induction in dermatofibroma. We subsequently established histologic diagnostic criteria to differentiate MCAH from its mimickers.ResultsMCAH affected both genders equally. The hands or fingers were affected in 51.6% of cases. We found the most specific histologic criteria to be: (a) presence of odd multinucleated fibroblasts, (b) presence of superficial parallel fibrosis, (c) presence and thickening of superficial papillary dermal vessels, and (d) absence of perifollicular fibrosis. As for immunoreactivity, we found positivity to CD138, CD163, and CD117 in the mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. There was no histopathologic evidence of follicular induction, as can be seen in dermatofibromas, and no expression of nuclear beta‐catenin as seen in dermatofibromas with follicular induction.ConclusionThis large case series establishes MCAH as a distinct clinical and histopathologic entity.
Refractory macrophage activation syndrome in the setting of adult‐onset Still disease with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis detected on skin biopsy treated with canakinumab and tacrolimus
Authors: Chamseddin Bahir , Marks Etan , Dominguez Arturo , Wysocki Christian , Vandergriff Travis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA 19‐year‐old Caucasian female with adult‐onset Still disease (AOSD) presented for evaluation of an acute clinical decompensation and atypical annular papules and plaques with purpura on the lower extremities. A punch biopsy demonstrated histiocytes with engulfed degenerated erythrocytes and lymphocytes, consistent with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). HLH, clinically referred to as macrophage activation syndrome, is a rare complication of AOSD and is life‐threatening. Relevant clinical, laboratory, and histologic features of this diagnosis are reviewed.
Thermoforming technique for maintaining the thickness of single‐layer mouthguard during pressure formation
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Bando Yogetsu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground/AimUsing mouthguards can reduce the risk of injury when playing sports, but the sheet material and thickness have a large effect on their efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moving the model position just before formation in the pressure forming technique to maintain the thickness of a single‐layer mouthguard.Materials and MethodsA 4.0‐mm‐thick ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguard sheet (diameter: 125 mm) and a pressure forming machine were used. The working model was placed with its anterior rim positioned 40 mm from the front of the forming table. The sheets were placed in the forming table with the sheet extrusion direction either vertical (V) or parallel (P) to the model's centerline. Two molding methods were compared: (a) The sheet was formed when it sagged 15 mm (control) and (b) the sheet was covered on the model when it sagged 15 mm, next the model was pushed forward 20 mm, and the sheet was then formed (MP). Mouthguard thickness was measured for the labial surface, palatal surface, cusp, and buccal surface using a specialized caliper. Thickness differences according to molding methods and sheet extrusion directions were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA.ResultsThe thicknesses of the labial surface, cusp, and buccal surface were significantly larger in MP than in the control (P < 0.01). In particular, the thickness differences caused by the molding method were large on the labial and buccal surfaces: For the control, the thicknesses were 1.9 ± 0.03 and 2.1 ± 0.02 mm, whereas for MP, they were 3.2 ± 0.03 and 2.9 ± 0.03 mm, respectively.ConclusionThe molding method of moving the model forward just before formation was useful as a thermoforming technique for maintaining the thickness of single‐layer mouthguards during pressure forming with 4.0‐mm‐thick EVA sheet. This method produced labial and buccal thicknesses of 3.2 ± 0.03 and 2.9 ± 0.03 mm.
The Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders criteria for vascular cognitive disorders: a validation study
Authors: Sachdev P. S. , Lipnicki D. M. , Crawford J. D. , Brodaty H. 
Published: March 2019

Background and purposeThe Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders (VASCOG) criteria for vascular cognitive disorders were published in 2014, but their concurrent and predictive validity have not been examined.MethodsParticipants (N = 165, aged 49–86 years) were from Sydney Stroke Study, a longitudinal study of post‐stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Diagnoses using the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke – Association Internationale pour la Recherché et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS‐AIREN), the Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM‐IV), criteria for vascular dementia (VaD) were made by consensus at multidisciplinary case conferences. Diagnoses for mild vascular cognitive disorder (mVCD) and VaD using VASCOG, DSM‐5 and the Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study (VICCCS) criteria were made by two study authors. Agreement levels between criteria sets were examined using Cohen's kappa (κ). The ability of VaD diagnoses to predict mortality over 10 years and of mVCD to predict dementia over 5 years was investigated.ResultsThe VASCOG criteria yielded rates of mVCD slightly lower than for DSM‐5 and VICCCS. VaD rates were similar for all criteria, although slightly lower for DSM‐IV. Agreement between the VASCOG, VICCCS and DSM‐5 criteria was excellent for VaD and mVCD (κ = 0.83–1.0), but lower for VaD between VASCOG and the other criteria (κ = 0.47–0.63). VaD‐based mortality predictions were similar for the VASCOG, VICCCS and DSM‐5 criteria, and higher than those for other criteria. The prediction of incident dementia within 5 years from mVCD was slightly lower with VASCOG criteria than with DSM‐5 and VICCCS criteria.ConclusionsThe VASCOG criteria have greater sensitivity, modest concurrent validity and better predictive validity than older criteria for VaD, but are comparable to DSM‐5 and VICCCS criteria. Their operationalization and inclusion of a mild VCD category make them useful for clinical and research applications.
MicroRNA 10a induces glioma tumorigenesis by targeting myotubularin‐related protein 3 and regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Yan Yan , Yan Hua , Wang Qin , Zhang Le , Liu Ying , Yu Haimiao 
Published: March 2019

MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of tumor formation. A previous study suggested that miR‐10a promotes glioma cell migration and invasion. However, the effect of miR‐10a on the proliferation of glioma cells remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that miR‐10a promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis in glioma cells by directly targeting the 3′‐UTR of myotubularin‐related protein 3 (MTMR3). miR‐10a enhanced, while MTMR3 weakened, the growth of glioma in vivo. Ectopic expression of MTMR3 neutralized the effect of miR‐10a on glioma. Furthermore, miR‐10a and MTMR3 regulated β‐catenin expression and genes downstream of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, such as Bcl‐2, c‐myc, p‐c‐Jun, and cleaved caspase‐3, to affect the proliferation ability and apoptosis of glioma cells. In conclusion, our results indicated that miR‐10a regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis by directly targeting MTMR3 and could function as a prognostic factor for progression of glioma.
Legumes regulate grassland soil N cycling and its response to variation in species diversity and N supply but not CO2
Authors: Wei Xiaorong , Reich Peter B. , Hobbie Sarah E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLegumes are an important component of plant diversity that modulate nitrogen (N) cycling in many terrestrial ecosystems. Limited knowledge of legume effects on soil N cycling and its response to global change factors and plant diversity hinders a general understanding of whether and how legumes broadly regulate the response of soil N availability to those factors. In a 17‐year study of perennial grassland species grown under ambient and elevated (+180 ppm) CO2and ambient and enriched (+4 g N m−2 year−1) N environments, we compared pure legume plots with plots dominated by or including other herbaceous functional groups (and containing one or four species) to assess the effect of legumes on N cycling (net N mineralization rate and inorganic N pools). We also examined the effects of numbers of legume species (from zero to four) in four‐species mixed plots on soil N cycling. We hypothesized that legumes would increase N mineralization rates most in those treatments with the greatest diversity and the greatest relative limitation by and competition for N. Results partially supported these hypotheses. Plots with greater dominance by legumes had greater soil nitrate concentrations and mineralization rates. Higher species richness significantly increased the impact of legumes on soil N metrics, with 349% and 505% higher mineralization rates and nitrate concentrations in four‐species plots containing legumes compared to legume‐free four‐species plots, in contrast to 185% and 129% greater values, respectively, in pure legume than nonlegume monoculture plots. N‐fertilized plots had greater legume effects on soil nitrate, but lower legume effects on net N mineralization. In contrast, neither elevated CO2nor its interaction with legumes affected net N mineralization. These results indicate that legumes markedly influence the response of soil N cycling to some, but not all, global change drivers.
Sustainable urbanization in Southeast Asia and beyond: Challenges of population growth, land use change, and environmental health
Authors: Arfanuzzaman Md. , Dahiya Bharat 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs economic growth centres, the Southeast Asian cities feature high population pressure, unsustainable land use, environmental degradation, and large ecological footprints. It is difficult to manage environmental health and basic services for urban dwellers, and ensure optimum flow of ecosystem services in the context of rapid, unplanned, and haphazard urbanization. These challenges are particularly multifaceted in the developing countries of Southeast Asian region. This study, based on secondary sources, adopted multidisciplinary lenses, such as geographical information systems, socio‐economic perspective, and sustainability science to examine the population situation, land use change pattern, and drivers of environmental degradation in the Southeast Asian cities as well as the Dhaka megacity, and brought forth a fresh perspective to look into contemporary urban ecosystems, population dynamics, environmental health, and sustainability. It also focused on identifying the commonalities among the cities under study to create a common understanding towards promoting collaborative urban development. This study shows that the urbanization process in the Southeast Asia region is taking place mostly in an unplanned and haphazard manner. With little concern for nature, life‐supporting ecological systems, and the environment, urban spatial growth continues unabated. The data surveyed and discussed in this paper shows that the current style of urbanization in Southeast Asia can best be called unsustainable. The findings also suggest that the general wellbeing and welfare of the current and future generations in Southeast Asian cities as well as in Dhaka is at risk. The paper recommends concerted efforts towards making the urbanization process sustainable, including better urban planning, policymaking, and international and regional cooperation.
Mucocutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children in relation to the degree of immunosuppression
Authors: Britto Gillian R. , Augustine Mary 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children is becoming a common occurrence. Worldwide, limited studies have been done on the mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV‐positive children. The aim of our study was to analyze the spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations of pediatric HIV infection and correlate to degree of immunosuppression.Material and methodsOne hundred and sixty‐five children under 18 years with HIV, who presented to the departments of dermatology and pediatrics, were examined for mucocutaneous manifestations. Patients were classified into four groups of immunodeficiency such as normal, mild, advanced, and severe, based on NACO guidelines of immunosuppression. The most recent CD4 count (within 6 months of study period) was considered.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐five patients were examined, and skin manifestations were seen in 100 (61%) of them.The highest incidence of mucocutaneous manifestations was in 6–10 age group. Papular pruritic eruptions (PPE) (16%) was the most common condition, with highest prevalence in severe CD4 category (38%). Molluscum contagiosum (MC) (10%) was the most common infectious condition, with highest prevalence in advanced CD4 category (14%). Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) caused by nevirapine were seen in three children. The percentage of skin manifestations was highest in the advanced (107%) and severe (100%) CD4 category. There was no significant difference in manifestations between those who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and those not.ConclusionThe percentage of skin manifestations increased with degree of CD4 depletion. PPE was found to be the hallmark of severe immunosuppression. However, opportunistic infections did not correlate with severity of immunodeficiency.
Bioactive components, antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties (on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells) of soaked and germinated purple rice extracts
Authors: Owolabi Iyiola Oluwakemi , Chakree Korawan , Takahashi Yupanqui Chutha 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe bioactive components, antioxidative properties and phenolic profile of Thai purple rice after 24 h soaking and 36 h germination periods were investigated. Anti‐inflammatory properties of the rice extracts were also evaluated on macrophage cells, stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide. These conditions significantly increased the bioactive components and antioxidative properties. Total anthocyanin contents, total carotenoid contents and gamma‐aminobutyric acid were increased more than twofold in the soaked sample. Protocatechuic, caffeic, p‐coumaric, ferullic, rutin trihydrate, catechin and Trans‐cinnamic acids were detected in the extracts. Gallic acid was only identified after soaking and germination. All the extracts led to cell proliferation and inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. Twenty‐four hour soaking exhibited highest bioactive compounds, antioxidative properties and showed greater NO inhibitory effects with IC50 of 234.00 ± 0.01 μg mL−1. In addition to established information on germination, soaking greatly improved the bioactive components and anti‐inflammatory properties of the rice variety.
Enhancement of photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of BiOI nanosheets and silver quantum dots co‐modified TiO2 nanorod arrays
Authors: Yang Haocheng , Chen Jinjun , Zuo Yong , Zhang Miao , He Gang , Sun Zhaoqi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, TiO2 nanorod arrays (TNR), Ag quantum dots (QDs) sensitized with TNR TiO2/Ag, bismuth oxyhalide (BiOI) nanosheets, and Ag QDs co‐modified with TNR and TiO2/BiOI/Ag (TBA) were prepared by a stepwise process. The morphological, structural, compositional, optical, photocatalytic (PC), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the samples were investigated. The TBA‐2 sample exhibited the highest photocurrent density (281.8 μA/cm2) and photodegradation efficiency (93.3%), with values 9.7 times and 2.25 times higher than those for TNR, respectively. The improvement in sample performance can be attributed to the formation of a heterojunction between BiOI and TiO2, thereby enhancing the absorption of visible light and improving the charge separation efficiency; Ag QDs limit interfacial electron‐hole pair recombination. The experimental results show that TBA can effectively promote light‐induced carrier transport and visible light absorption, while inhibiting the recombination rate of the electron‐hole pairs, PEC, and PC.
Dynamic incentive effects of assignment mechanisms: Experimental evidence
Authors: Gall Thomas , Hu Xiaocheng , Vlassopoulos Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOptimal assignment and matching mechanisms have been the focus of exhaustive analysis. We focus on their dynamic effects, which have received less attention, especially in the empirical literature: Anticipating that assignment is based on prior performance may affect prior performance. We test this hypothesis in a lab experiment. Participants first perform a task individually without monetary incentives; in a second stage, they are paired with another participant according to a pre‐announced assignment policy. The assignment is based on the first‐stage performance, and compensation is determined by average performance. Our results are largely consistent with a theory: Pairing the worst‐performing individuals with the best yields 20% lower first‐stage effort than random matching (RAM) and does not induce truthful revelation of types, which undoes any policy that aims to reallocate types based on performance. Perhaps surprisingly, however, pairing the best with the best yields only 5% higher first‐stage effort than RAM and the difference is not statistically significant.
A Simple and Rapid Cryopreservation Technique for Ciliates: A Long‐Term Storage Procedure Used for Marine Scuticociliates
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Nan Bei , Duan Lili , Cheng Ting , Bourland William A. , Liu Mingjian , Zhao Yan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPseudocohnilembus persalinusis a free‐living marine scuticociliate that, as a new model organism, has been used in a wide variety of studies. However, long‐term laboratory maintenance for this species is mainly achieved by subculture that requires rigorous culture environments and, too often, cultures of the organism die out for a variety of reasons. Successful transport of viable cultures also poses problems for researchers. This study describes a simple and rapid protocol for long‐term cryopreservation ofP. persalinus. The effects of physiological states of individuals before freezing, the type and concentration of cryoprotectant, and optimal temperatures for freezing and thawing were assessed. A cryopreservation protocol, using a mixture of 30% glycerol and 70% concentratedP. persalinuscell culture, incorporating rate‐controlled freezing at −80 °C before liquid nitrogen storage, maintained a high recovery efficiency after 8 wk of storage. These results suggest that broader application of this protocol to build a cryopreserved marine protozoa culture bank for biological studies may be possible.