bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatile Amorphous Structures of Phosphonate Metal−Organic Framework/Alginate Composite for Tunable Sieving of Ions
Authors: Park Sung Ho , Lee Sang Joon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVersatile amorphous structures of phosphonate metal–organic framework (pMOF)/alginate composite are proposed to selectively separate alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions. Initially, the gelation of alginate by Al3+ ions provides preconfined Al3+ coordination. The phosphonate organic ligand is subsequently coordinated with Al3+ ions to make pMOF based on the preconfined Al3+ coordination. Al3+−phosphonate organic ligand complexes of pMOF are simultaneously intertwined with Al3+−alginate crosslinks with the aid of partial hydrolysis. Amorphous structures of Al3+‐based pMOF/alginate composite are largely modulated, as the reaction temperature and intertwinement degree of alginate networks vary. In addition, partial hydrolysis plays an important role for amorphization, which gives rise to versatile amorphous structures. The Al3+‐based pMOF/alginate composite is found to have tunable sieving of alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions with varying the degrees of intertwinement of amorphous structures and Al3+−phosphonate organic ligand complexes. In particular, a certain type of amorphous structure can effectively reject Li+ ions with small hydration energy through dehydration. Benefiting from amorphous structures, this work will provide a variety of separation opportunities accompanying unique properties and allow efficient separation of ions and similar‐sized molecules.
Mimicking Cellular Signaling Pathways within Synthetic Multicompartment Vesicles with Triggered Enzyme Activity and Induced Ion Channel Recruitment
Authors: Thamboo Sagana , Najer Adrian , Belluati Andrea , von Planta Claudio , Wu Dalin , Craciun Ioana , Meier Wolfgang , Palivan Cornelia G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSubcellular compartmentalization of cells, a defining characteristic of eukaryotes, is fundamental for the fine tuning of internal processes and the responding to external stimuli. Reproducing and controlling such compartmentalized hierarchical organization, responsiveness, and communication is important toward understanding biological systems and applying them to smart materials. Herein, a cellular signal transduction strategy (triggered release from subcompartments) is leveraged to develop responsive, purely artificial, polymeric multicompartment assemblies. Incorporation of responsive nanoparticles—loaded with enzymatic substrate or ion channels—as subcompartments inside micrometer‐sized polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) allowed to conduct bioinspired signaling cascades. Response of these subcompartments to an externally added stimulus is achieved and studied by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) coupled with in situ fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Signal triggered activity of an enzymatic reaction is demonstrated in multicompartments through recombination of compartmentalized substrate and enzyme. In parallel, a two‐step signaling cascade is achieved by triggering the recruitment of ion channels from inner subcompartments to the vesicles' membrane, inducing ion permeability, mimicking endosome‐mediated insertion of internally stored channels. This design shows remarkable versatility, robustness, and controllability, demonstrating that multicompartment polymer‐based assemblies offer an ideal scaffold for the development of complex cell‐inspired responsive systems for applications in biosensing, catalysis, and medicine.
Remote Photothermal Actuation of Underwater Bubble toward Arbitrary Direction on Planar Slippery Fe3O4‐Doped Surfaces
Authors: Chen Chao , Huang Zhouchen , Shi Lu‐An , Jiao Yunlong , Zhu Suwan , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Chu Jiaru , Wu Dong , Jiang Lei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnidirectional underwater gas bubble (UGB) transport on a surface is realized by buoyant force or wettability gradient force (Fwet‐grad) derived from a tailored geography. Unfortunately, intentional control of the UGB over transport speed, direction, and routes on horizontal planar surfaces is rarely explored. Herein reported is a light‐responsive slippery lubricant‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) composed of selective lubricants and super‐hydrophobic micropillar‐arrayed Fe3O4/polydimethylsiloxane film. Upon this SLIPS, the UGB can be horizontally actuated along arbitrary directions by remotely loading/discharging unilateral near‐infrared (NIR) stimuli. The underlying mechanism is that Fwet‐grad can be generated within 1 s in the presence of a NIR‐trigger due to the photothermal effect of Fe3O4. Once the NIR‐stimuli are discharged, Fwet‐grad vanishes to break the UGB on the SLIPS. Moreover, performed are systematic parameter studies to investigate the influence of bubble volume, lubricant rheology, and Fwet‐grad on the UGB steering performance. Fundamental physics renders the achievement of antibuoyancy manipulation of the UGBs on an inclined SLIPS. Significantly, steering UGBs by horizontal SLIPS to configurate diverse patterns, as well as facilitating light‐control‐light optical shutter, is deployed. Compared with the previous slippery surfaces, light‐responsive SLIPS is more competent for manipulating UGBs with controllable transport speed, direction, and routes independent of buoyancy or geography derivative force.
Unraveling the Formation of Amorphous MoS2 Nanograins during the Electrochemical Delithiation Process
Authors: Zhu Zhiqiang , Xi Shibo , Miao Licheng , Tang Yuxin , Zeng Yi , Xia Huarong , Lv Zhisheng , Zhang Wei , Ge Xiang , Zhang Hongwei , Wei Jiaqi , Cao Shengkai , Chen Jun , Du Yonghua , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising high‐capacity anode for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the conversion reaction mechanism of MoS2 (the delithiation pathway in particular) has been controversial, which limits the rational optimization of its electrochemical performance. The main challenge is how to precisely identify the amorphous nanomaterials generated during lithiation/delithiation. Here, the structural evolutions of MoS2 during lithiation/delithiation are systematically investigated using synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at Mo K‐edge and S K‐edge and Raman spectroscopy. It is revealed that amorphous MoS2 nanograins rather than sulfur as previously suggested, are formed after delithiation, and that the fully lithiated MoS2 electrode contains additional Mo‐S related phases besides the known Mo and Li2S. Density functional theory simulations suggest that the Mo nanoparticles formed during lithiation are very reactive with Li2S, thus enabling the regeneration of MoS2 upon delithiation. These findings deepen the understanding of the lithiation/delithiation mechanism of MoS2, which will pave the way for the rational design of advanced MoS2‐based electrodes.
Engineering Self‐Supported Noble Metal Foams Toward Electrocatalysis and Beyond
Authors: Du Ran , Jin Xinyi , Hübner René , Fan Xuelin , Hu Yue , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNoble metals, despite their expensiveness, display irreplaceable roles in widespread fields. To acquire novel physicochemical properties and boost the performance‐to‐price ratio for practical applications, one core direction is to engineer noble metals into nanostructured porous networks. Noble metal foams (NMFs), featuring self‐supported, 3D interconnected networks structured from noble‐metal‐based building blocks, have drawn tremendous attention in the last two decades. Inheriting structural traits of foams and physicochemical properties of noble metals, NMFs showcase a variety of interesting properties and impressive prospect in diverse fields, including electrocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, sensing and actuation, etc. A number of NMFs have been created and versatile synthetic approaches have been developed. However, because of the innate limitation of specific methods and the insufficient understanding of formation mechanisms, flexible manipulation of compositions, structures, and corresponding properties of NMFs are still challenging. Thus, the correlations between composition/structure and properties are seldom established, retarding material design/optimization for specific applications. This review is devoted to a comprehensive introduction of NMFs ranging from synthesis to applications, with an emphasis on electrocatalysis. Challenges and opportunities are also included to guide possible research directions in this field and promote the interest of interdisciplinary scientists.
The time to relapse correlates with the histopathological growth pattern in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Hartmann Sylvia , Plütschow Annette , Mottok Anja , Bernd Heinz‐Wolfram , Feller Alfred C. , Ott German , Cogliatti Sergio , Fend Falko , Quintanilla‐Martinez Leticia , Stein Harald , Klapper Wolfram , Möller Peter , Rosenwald Andreas , Engert Andreas , Hansmann Martin‐Leo , Eichenauer Dennis A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) can present with different histopathological growth patterns. The impact of these histopathological growth patterns on relapse characteristics is unknown. We therefore analyzed paired biopsies obtained at initial diagnosis and relapse from 33 NLPHL patients who had received first‐line treatment within German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) trial protocols, and from a second cohort of 41 relapsed NLPHL patients who had been treated outside GHSG studies. Among the 33 GHSG patients, 21 patients presented with a typical growth pattern at initial diagnosis, whereas 12 patients had a variant histology. The histopathological growth patterns at initial diagnosis and at relapse were consistent in 67% of cases. A variant histology at initial diagnosis was associated with a shorter median time to lymphoma recurrence (2.8 vs 5.2 years; P = .0219). A similar tendency towards a shorter median time to lymphoma recurrence was observed for patients presenting with a variant histology at relapse, irrespective of the growth pattern at initial diagnosis. Results obtained from the 41 NLPHL patients who had been treated outside GHSG studies were comparable (median time to lymphoma recurrence for variant histology vs typical growth pattern at initial diagnosis: 1.5 vs 7.0 years). In conclusion, the histopathological growth pattern remains consistent at relapse in the majority of NLPHL cases, and has major impact on the time of relapse.
Decreased consumption of common weaning foods is associated with poor linear growth among HIV‐exposed infants participating in the Kigali antiretroviral and breastfeeding assessment for the elimination of HIV (Kabeho) study
Authors: Lane Charlotte , Bobrow Emily A , Ndatimana Dieudonne , Ndayisaba Gilles F , Adair Linda S 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe World Health Organization recommends that complementary foods that are adequate, safe, and appropriate be introduced to infants at age 6 months. Using an innovative modeling technique, we examine patterns of nutrient intake in HIV‐exposed and uninfected (HEU) infants and establish their relationship with growth.MethodsSingle‐day dietary recalls and anthropometrics were collected every two to 3 months from 543 infants living in Kigali, Rwanda, and attending clinics for the prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission. A common weaning food index (CWFI) was calculated in grams and nutrient density for infants to reflect the extent to which the infants consumed the weaning foods typical of this population at ages 6 to 10, 11 to 15, and 16 to 20 months. Regressions among the CWFI, length‐for‐age z‐scores (LAZ), and weight‐for‐length z‐scores (WLZ) were conducted to estimate the relationship between the dietary patterns and growth.ResultsMean absolute intake of zinc and calcium from complementary foods was insufficient. Increasing CWFI was related to increasing cow milk consumption. The density CWFI showed a decrease in the density of iron and folate as infants consume more of the weaning foods typical of this population. Density CWFI, breastfeeding, and caloric intake act on early LAZ and WLZ and interact with one another. Among breastfed infants, those who consume little of the common weaning foods and have a high caloric intake develop deficits in LAZ and have an elevated WLZ.ConclusionsA diet that is more dominated by the typical weaning foods of this population may support a healthy growth pattern.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Oxyalkylation of Styrenes via α‐C(Sp3)−H Bond Activation of Ethers Without Organic Peroxides
Authors: Li Juanjuan , Li Jiale , Yuan Songdong , Zhang Qian , Li Dong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed difunctionalization of styrenes with ethers was developed which initiated through α‐C(sp3)−H bond activation of ethers to give the oxyalkylation products. A safe and stable inorganic silver salt was used as the oxidant instead of organic peroxides. The reaction proceeded under simple and mild conditions and exhibited good regioselectivities and functional group tolerance. It provided a method to easily prepare α‐oxyalkyl ketones from readily available substrates.
Exhaled nitric oxide in ethnically diverse high‐altitude native populations: A comparative study
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Kiyamu Melisa , Contreras Paloma , León‐Velarde Fabiola , Bigham Abigail , Brutsaert Tom D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesAndean and Tibetan high‐altitude natives exhibit a high concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the lungs, suggesting that NO plays an adaptive role in offsetting hypobaric hypoxia. We examined the exhaled NO concentration as well as partial pressure of several additional high‐altitude native populations in order to examine the possibility that this putative adaptive trait, that is, high exhaled NO, is universal.MethodsWe recruited two geographically diverse highland native populations, Tawang Monpa (TM), a Tibetan derived population in North‐Eastern India (n = 95, sampled at an altitude of ~3,200 m), and Peruvian Quechua from the highland Andes (n = 412). The latter included three distinct subgroups defined as those residing at altitude (Q‐HAR, n = 110, sampled at 4,338 m), those born and residing at sea‐level (Q‐BSL, n = 152), and those born at altitude but migrant to sea‐level (Q‐M, n = 150). In addition, we recruited a referent sample of lowland natives of European ancestry from Syracuse, New York. Fraction of exhaled NO concentrations were measured using a NIOX NIMO following the protocol of the manufacturer.ResultsPartial pressure of exhaled nitric oxide (PENO) was significantly lower (p < .05) in both high‐altitude resident groups (TM = 6.2 ± 0.5 nmHg and Q‐HAR = 5.8 ± 0.5 nmHg), as compared to the groups measured at sea level (USA = 14.6 ± 0.7 nmHg, Q‐BSL = 18.9 ± 1.6 nmHg, and Q‐M = 19.2 ± 1.7 nmHg). PENO was not significantly different between TM and Q‐HAR (p < .05).ConclusionIn contrast to previous work, we found lower PENO in populations at altitude (compared to sea‐level) and no difference in PENO between Tibetan and Andean highland native populations. These results do not support the hypothesis that high nitric oxide in human lungs is a universal adaptive mechanism of highland native populations to offset hypobaric hypoxia.
Global Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Porphyrin Nanoring Anions
Authors: Peeks Martin D. , Jirasek Michael , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Anderson Harry L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDoping, through oxidation or reduction, is often used to modify the properties of π‐conjugated oligomers. In most cases, the resulting charge distribution is difficult to determine. If the oligomer is cyclic and doping establishes global aromaticity or antiaromaticity, then it is certain that the charge is fully delocalized over the entire perimeter of the ring. Herein we show that reduction of a six‐porphyrin nanoring using decamethylcobaltocene results in global aromaticity (in the 6− state; [90 π]) and antiaromaticity (in the 4− state; [88 π]), consistent with the Hückel rules. Aromaticity is assigned by NMR spectroscopy and density‐functional theory calculations.
A Karplus Equation for the Conformational Analysis of Organic Molecular Crystals
Authors: Thureau Pierre , Carvin Isaure , Ziarelli Fabio , Viel Stéphane , Mollica Giulia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVicinal scalar couplings (3J) are extensively used for the conformational analysis of organic compounds in the liquid state through empirical Karplus equations. In contrast, there are no examples of such use for the structural investigation of solids. With the support of first principles calculations, we demonstrate here that 13C‐13C 3J coupling constants (3JCC) measured on a series of isotopically enriched solid amino acids and sugars can be related to dihedral angles by a simple Karplus‐like relationship, and we provide a parameterized Karplus function for the conformational analysis of organic molecular crystals. Under the experimental conditions discussed, torsional angles can be estimated from the experimental 3JCC values with an accuracy of 10° using this function. These results open new perspectives towards the use of 3JCC as a new analytical tool that could considerably simplify structure determination of functional organic solids.
Modular Design of Small Enzymatic Reaction Networks Based on Reversible and Cleavable Inhibitors
Authors: Pogodaev Aleksandr A. , Fernández Regueiro Cristina Lía , Jakštaitė Miglė , Hollander Marijn J. , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSystems chemistry aims to mimic the functional behavior of living systems by constructing chemical reaction networks with well‐defined dynamic properties. Enzymes can play a key role in such networks, but there is currently no general and scalable route to the design and construction of enzymatic reaction networks. Here, we introduce reversible, cleavable peptide inhibitors that can link proteolytic enzymatic activity into simple network motifs. As a proof‐of‐principle, we show auto‐activation topologies producing sigmoidal responses in enzymatic activity, explore cross‐talk in minimal systems, design a simple enzymatic cascade, and introduce non‐inhibiting phosphorylated peptides that can be activated using a phosphatase.
Zinc‐containing ionic liquid as a dual solvent‐catalyst in base‐free condensations under ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: Ghafuri Hossein , Yaghoubi Soheila , Zand Hamid Reza Esmaili 
Published: August 2019

In this study, natural‐based ionic liquid (IL) using caffeine (Caff), trietahnolamine (TEA) and ZnBr2, [Caff‐TEA]+[ZnBr3]−, which features high catalytic activity and environmentally‐friendly nature was synthesized with melting point of 76 °C by a facile method. The synthesized [Caff‐TEA]+[ZnBr3]− has high catalytic activity as both of catalyst and solvent in condensation reactions for the synthesis of benzylidenes, bis‐hydroxyenones and xanthenes. Synthesized IL was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Also synthesized heterocycles were characterized by FT‐IR, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR).
Impact of shale on properties and oil recovery potential of sandstone formation for low‐salinity waterflooding applications
Authors: Chaturvedi Krishna Raghav , Singh Alok K. , Sharma Tushar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPorous and permeable formation, namely, sandstone, may also contain water‐reactive clays that swell in the presence of water and cause damage to formation by reducing its permeability. The inclusion of salts in injected water (called low‐salinity water) is considered successful to inhibit shale swelling. Therefore, this study reports the impact of shale content (0–25%) on porous and permeable sand‐packs in the presence of fresh water and salt solutions (KCl/CaCl2, 0–4 wt%). The properties of sand‐packs were found to be significantly affected by shale; porosity reduced by ~34% with 25% of shale, whereas permeability could not be measured due to no flow. KCl addition was relatively favorable as 2 wt% KCl offered least impact of shale on sand‐pack properties. Interestingly, sand‐pack that exhibited no permeability in water recovered significant permeability in the presence of KCl of 2 wt%. As a result, the oil recoveries of sand‐packs were higher than the ones with water, and moreover, sand‐pack with 25% shale content showed 27% original oil in place, which was negligible in presence of water. Thus, the study concludes that a salt solution of 2 wt% KCl can be very effective in shaly sandstone that faces challenges in conventional water flooding applications.
Oseltamivir exposure in pregnancy and the risk of specific birth defects
Authors: Van Bennekom Carla M. , Kerr Stephen M. , Mitchell Allen A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza during pregnancy contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality. Neuraminidase inhibitors, including oseltamivir, are recommended for treating women with influenza during pregnancy.MethodsData from the Slone Birth Defects Study from 2009 to 2015 were used to investigate associations between oseltamivir and specific birth defects. We classified exposures according to timing in pregnancy and examined 52 and 16 defects with early and potential late pregnancy etiology, respectively; we calculated crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for defects with three or more exposures.ResultsAmong 8,379 cases and 4,190 nonmalformed controls, we identified 79 and 42 oseltamivir exposures, respectively. The majority of defects had no exposures. ORs were elevated for several defects, but the CI excluded the null only for intestinal malrotation (OR: 10.7 [1.8, 45.2]; three exposures).ConclusionsLargely null findings for specific defects are reassuring. The association with intestinal malrotation, while unstable, warrants further investigation.
Der Filterapparat der Kaulquappen
Authors: Viertel Bruno 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Anurenlarven sind durch die Austrocknung ihrer Gewässer und durch Räuber gefährdet. Das schnelle Verlassen des Gewässers ist daher überlebenswichtig. Dies wird durch eine frühe Metamorphose erreicht, die durch ein schnelles Wachstum möglich ist. Die Neuerwerbung eines Filterapparates ist zusammen mit dem neu gebildeten Mundfeld ein wesentlicher Faktor, das Nahrungsspektrum zu erweitern, die vollständige Ausschöpfung der Nahrungsquellen zu gewährleisten und dadurch das Wachstum zu beschleunigen. Der Filterapparat und das Mundfeld sind bereits beim gemeinsamen Vorfahr der Anurenlarven entstanden und sind daher ein gemeinsames Merkmal. Sie werden als Schlüsselmerkmale (Key Innovations) verstanden, da sie wesentlich zur erfolgreichen Nischenbesetzung, Radiation und Artenbildung der Anuren beigetragen haben. Weitere jedoch seltene Neuerwerbungen sind die Entwicklung im Eileiter und die Brutpflege. Sie sind Ausnahmen und keine gemeinsamen Merkmale. Andere Strategien reichen vom Aufenthalt in Fließgewässern, der terrestrischen Entwicklung, der Brutpflege bis zur kryptischen Larve. Die Morphologie dieser Larven ist nur in Nuancen verändert. Ihre Merkmale sind keine Neubildungen.