bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thormbozytenaggregation, Physiologie und pharmakologische Beeinflussung
Authors: Walter E. , Weber Ellen 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungUm die Basis zu legen für die Darstellung der pharmakologischen Beeinflussung der Thrombozytenfunktion, wird ein kurzer aktueller Überblick gegeben über die Entwicklung der Thrombozyten, ihre Morphologie mit Bezug auf die Funktion und die biochemischen Vorgänge bei der Thrombozytenadhäsion und -aggregation. Soweit bekannt, wird die Wirkung der einzelnen Pharmaka im molekularen und funktionellen Bereich dargestellt, und zwar mit weitestgehender Begrenzung auf die beim Menschen nachgewiesenen Wirkungen. Damit wurde gezielt aus der Fülle der untersuchten Substanzen eine Auswahl getroffen zugunsten von Pharmaka, die auch therapeutisch und nicht nur zur Abklärung von Funktionsmechanismen genutzt werden können. Das Aufzeigen des Wirkungsprofils der Medikamente erleichtert ihren gezielten Einsatz. Dosierungsprobleme werden diskutiert.
Einsatz von Thrombozytenfunktionshemmern in der Prophylaxe und Therapie des Hirninfarktes
Authors: Dorndorf W. , Kaps M. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Thrombozyten-funktionshemmern soll Patienten mit transitorisch ischämischen Attacken vor einem Hirninfarkt schützen. Mehrere Therapiestudien lassen darauf schließen, daß die Behandlung Erfolg haben kann. Plättchenhemmer können aber weder Antikoagulantien noch Operationsverfahren ersetzen. Nach dem komplett gewordenen Infarkt verliert die Therapie mit plätt-chensuppressiven Substanzen ihre Berechtigung, es sei denn, die Mittel sollen der venösen Thromboseprophylaxe dienen. Wenn sich die Ausfälle später weitgehend zurückgebildet haben, kommen wieder dieselben Maßnahmen in Betracht wie nach einer Attacke. Letztlich wird die Wahl der optimalen Therapie nur unter Würdigung aller Umstände des Einzelfalls getroffen.
Universal inverse design of surfaces with thin nematic elastomer sheets
Authors: Aharoni Hillel , Xia Yu , Zhang Xinyue , Kamien Randall D. , Yang Shu 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceThis work outlines an explicit protocol for preprogramming any desired 3D shape into a 2D liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) sheet. Namely, given an arbitrary 3D design, we show how to produce a flat sheet that can buckle into the desired shape when heated and return to flat when cooled—reversibly. We demonstrate this proof-of-principle of shape morphing in LCE sheets, relying on advances in both numerical and experimental methods presented here. Our protocol is not limited in materials or scale; it can be implemented on any “LCE-like” anisotropic material, thus opening the door for countless technological applications in flexible electronics, metamaterials, aerospace, medical devices, drug delivery, and more.
Metadiscourse and coherence in interpreting
Authors: Fu Rongbo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper aims to look closely at the achievement of coherence in interpreting through the prism of metadiscourse, a set of grammatical resources instrumental in organizing a discourse, guiding the recipients towards an author/speaker’s preferred interpretation while taking account of their needs and expectation. Despite a general consensus on the role of the umbrella term, opinions vary on what falls under it. Further, while the conception sets an illuminating framework for empirical endeavors to delve into the way in which meaning is negotiated and represented at discoursal level, its discussion is often confined to the analysis of written text in specific genre (e.g. academic treatise), leaving its role in oral discourse scarcely explored. In this paper, we propose an adapted taxonomy for the analysis of devices as such in interpretation and relate them to the building of coherence in interpreted events. Qualitative analysis of instances from real-life situations is then presented to show that successful communication in interpreting does not only come as a result of rendering the propositional message, but also involves a process of skillfully managing various metadiscoursal devices in reconstructing intertextual and intratextual conherences, both of which serve the same communicative goal with neither enjoying precedence over the other. The proposed taxonomy of metadiscourse may have some pedagogical and practical implications.
Language attitudes in Algeria
Authors: Belmihoub Kamal 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article examines language attitudes among Algerian first and second year engineering students at an Algerian university. A sample of 101 participants responded to a 51-item questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire showed a strong preference of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), English, and French by native speakers of Algerian Arabic (Derja). Native speakers of Tamazight (a Berber language) preferred MSA, English, French, and Tamazight. Participants were divided on many questions regarding MSA and Tamazight. It was also found that respondents favored English as a useful vehicle of economic opportunity and knowledge transfer. An overwhelming majority of respondents viewed multilingualism in Algeria positively. Interestingly, both Derja and Tamazight native speakers unanimously rejected promoting Derja to an official political status, and they indicated support for the teaching of English and French in school. Possible motives behind the attitudes are discussed and implications are suggested.
Official development assistance and the factors impeding its effectiveness in Africa
Authors: Momah Ifeoma Ifeyinwa 
Published: June 2018

In 1970, the DAC members accepted the 0.70% ODA/GNI target for official development assistance. Most African countries are recipients of ODA. The sustainability and effectiveness of the aid given by donors to Africa is called into question. Bad governance, mismanagement of domestic resources and corruption are identified as the major factors hindering the effectiveness of aid and sustainable development in Africa.
Africans have subconciously become dependent on aid, and it is gradually becoming a vicious cycle. A more sustainable solution has to be found because regardless of the good intentions donors have, they will never be able to do it all. Africans are the ones inside and know exactly “where the shoe pinches”. Donors are limited as to what they can see from outside. It also seems as though the quest for aid effectiveness is more donor driven. Aid should complement what is already being done by the African governments, and should be used as leverage. A lot depends on the government and the people. Good governance is key. African leaders have to realize that they must have regard for the people they are leading. They must respect them because they have put their trust in them, and are looking up to them to chart a course for economic development. They need to realize that they are accountable to the people and must be as transparent as possible. Financing sustainability and Education for Sustainable Development are some possible ways of ensuring effectiveness of aid in Africa.
From “Incentive Furie” to “Incentives to Efficiency,” or the Movement of “Incentive” in Neoclassical Thought
Authors: McDonald Robert 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIncentives, economists remind us, are foundational to any economy: They include strategies to induce consumers to purchase products, motivate employees to work harder, or invite businesses to new localities. This textbook term, however, has not always been yoked to economic activity per se. This essay traces the history of the term “incentive” in two phases, first, from its origin in the Latin term “incentivum,” referring to “the thing that sets the tune,” and second, from its uptake and concretization by neoclassical economic thought through Jeremy Bentham, Alfred Marshall, and Paul Samuelson. In neoclassical economics, incentives “set the tune” of behavior by compelling rational economic action through the postulates of methodological individualism, equilibration, and utility-maximization. The terminological shift of “incentive” from its poetic origins into economic thought entails that “incentives” become an objective, univocal “thing” that embeds an argument about the dangers of actions that contravene market logics.
Beyond the Dialectic Between Wall Street and Main Street: A Materialist Analysis ofThe Big Short
Authors: Hanan Joshua S. , St. Onge Jeff 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIn this essay, we provide a materialist analysis of Adam McKay’s 2015 film The Big Short. We contend that while, on one level, the film appears to be a celebration of several idiosyncratic traders on Wall Street who use rhetorical invention to outwit the industry, on another level, the film can be read as a genealogically informed account of the biopolitical relationship between the oikos and the polis and Main Street and Wall Street. We conclude by advocating for an account of the 2008 financial crisis that is sensitive to the historically overdetermined relationship among rhetoric, politics, and economic power.
Trumponomics, Neoliberal Branding, and the Rhetorical Circulation of Affect
Authors: Chaput Catherine 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article studies Trumponomics as a brand that derives its economic and political purchase from the patterns of affective circulation opened up by the contemporary political economy. Because neoliberalism enables branding to both extract surplus wealth and appropriate surplus affect directly from consumers, it changes the rhetorical terrain. In this new landscape, Trump’s incoherent economic policies fade into the background as the production of his economic brand occupies the foreground. My argument theorizes affect within the labor theory of value, analyzes the Trump brand within that framework, and explores the implications of including affective value within the rhetorical toolbox.
CCM.V-K3: CCM Key Comparison of Viscosity
Authors: Fujita Y , Zubler T , Mastropierro J , Trujillo S , Cekiel I , Malta D , Lorefice S , Ballereau P , Meury P A , Zhang Z , Wolf H , Trochta D , Sakarya O , Andel I Van , Buchner C , Spohr I , Furtado A , Lugadiru B , Mekawy M , Jonker D , Kumar A , Anuar Z 
Published: June 2018

This report describes the third CCM key comparison in capillary viscometry at twelve National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), which was carried out between October 2012 and February 2013. Seven NMIs, which do not maintain an independent viscosity scale, also took part in this comparison. Three samples of Newtonian liquids with nominal kinematic viscosities of 6 mm²/s at 15 °C and 5 mm²/s at 20 °C, 2000 mm²/s at 20 °C and 500 mm²/s at 40 °C, and 160000 mm²/s at 20 °C and 25000 mm²/s at 40 °C prepared by NMIJ were provided to each of the NMIs. For each of these liquids at two temperatures, total number of 98 measurements was carried out and from the results of viscosity measurements, the key comparison reference values (KCRVs) for six data sets were determined. The degrees of equivalences was evaluated by difference from the KCRV and, with a few exceptions, these differences were almost equal to or less than expanded uncertainties, showing a good equivalencies of capabilities at the participating NMIs for the viscosity measurements in wide range of viscosities covered from 5 mm²/s to 160000 mm²/s.
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To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Efficacy of Biofeedback Therapy in Clinical Practice for the Management of Chronic Constipation and Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Parker Colleen H , Henry Stanley , Liu Louis W C 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic constipation (CC) and fecal incontinence (FI) are often secondary to pelvic floor neuromuscular sensory or motor dysfunction. Biofeedback therapy (BFT) uses visual and verbal feedback to improve anorectal coordination, strength and sensation. In clinical trials, BFT demonstrated response rates between 70% and 80%. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of BFT in clinical practice.MethodsIn this retrospective observational cohort study, the charts of all patients who completed BFT at our centre were reviewed. A positive response to BFT was defined as improvement in ARM profile from baseline or subjective symptom improvement or both. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.ResultsOne hundred thirty patients with an average age of 57.5 ± 16.4 years and 79.2% female were included. Of all patients, 43.1% were referred for CC, 37.7% for FI, 16.9% for alternating CC and FI, and 2.3% for rectal pain. The overall response rate to BFT was 76.2% (n=99). Of those that responded, 64.6% (n=64) demonstrated both ARM and symptom improvement, 27.3% (n=27) had ARM improvement but no symptom improvement, and 8.1% (n=8) had symptom improvement but no ARM improvement. In patients with FI, the overall response rate was 79.6% (n=39) with symptom improvement in 67.3% (n=33). In those with CC with dyssynergic defecation (n=53), the overall response rate was 69.8% (n=37); however, only 45.3% (n=24) had symptomatic improvement.ConclusionIn our clinical practice, although overall response rates to BFT are similar to published reports, patients with CC with dyssynergic defecation are less likely to have symptomatic response compared with those with FI.
Pindar and the Poetics of Permanence
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This work is concerned with Pindar and archaic Greek literary culture. Part One discusses Pindar’s relationship to his audiences. It demonstrates how his victory odes address an audience present at their premiere performance and also a broader secondary audience throughout space and time. I argue that getting the most out of these texts involves simultaneously assuming the perspectives of both. Part Two describes how Pindar uses other lyric to situate his work both within an immanent poetic history and within a contemporary poetic culture. It sets out Pindar’s vision of the literary world, both past and present, and shows how this framework shapes the meaning of his work. Whereas the last several decades of scholarship on early Greek lyric have focused on the immediate contexts of first performance, this work instead focuses on the rhetoric and realities of poetic permanence and provides the first book-length study devoted to this topic. It combines historical and literary perspectives in a unique way in order to offer a new understanding of the nature of early Greek poetic culture and new insights into the texts that it produced.
Secondary Audiences
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Chapter I lays the groundwork by showing how Pindar’s epinicians, despite being occasional poetry, take into account audiences beyond their first performance. Using the texts themselves as evidence, it first shows how Pindar’s poems anticipate and accommodate secondary audiences. Two sections then examine types of knowledge necessary for understanding the poems: first, knowledge of debut performance contexts; secondly, knowledge of external data including public history, individual circumstances, and mythological traditions. The conclusion emerges that knowledge available to debut audiences but unavailable to secondary audiences is largely inessential for understanding and appreciating Pindar’s poetry. Section 3 addresses the question of Pindar’s difficulty while section 4 considers the role of written texts in the reception of his work. The odes’ complexity provides an impetus, not an obstacle, to their later reception. The evidence for a text-based literary culture in Pindar’s day is cumulatively stronger than is sometimes supposed.
Vital Light in Isthmian 4
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Isthmian 4 is very interested in light imagery. This chapter offers an interpretation of this ode focused on the interplay between fire and celestial light in order to show how these images invite audiences to reflect on the paradoxical nature of this poem and indeed all of Pindaric epinician as simultaneously an utterance forming part of a transitory revel and an enduring artefact. Isthmian 4 highlights a paradox central to Pindaric epinician: the poem succeeds in its original setting by promising to transcend it. One understands this ode best by simultaneously assuming the perspectives of both initial and later audiences. Epinician performance is a concrete action that derives its distinctive value from its consequences ramifying into the future. We misconstrue the genre if we discount the consciousness of posterity which pervades the act or if we sever the link between the artefact and its origins in an unrepeatable moment.
The Poetics of Permanence
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores ways in which the idea of permanence matters for understanding Pindar. Each section focuses on one ode in order to bring out a broader feature of his poetics. Section 1 (Pythian 1) illustrates how the aesthetics of traditionality can enrich the experience of a secondary audience. Section 2 (Nemean 4) shows how the possibility of participating in a tradition might have mattered to Pindar’s first audiences. Section 3 (Pythian 6) considers the didactic value of epinician for secondary audiences. Section 4 (Pythian 3) describes how Pindar invites reflection on the future reception of his work through his own reception of Homer. Section 5 (Nemean 5) demonstrates how Pindar evokes the language of inscriptions in order to depict the communicative powers of his poetry. Section 6 enters into a controversy surrounding Nemean 7 and argues that this poem can be adequately understood by secondary audiences.
The Epinician Present
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Chapter VII discusses epinician as a living social practice in Pindar’s day. By assembling clues from across his corpus one can see further into a cultural and literary context which shapes the meaning of many passages and indeed the significance of Pindar’s authorial project as a whole. The texts themselves provide our best evidence for the contours of that context. This chapter analyses different sorts of references and draws conclusions from each type. Five sections treat, in order, the epinician genre, Pindar’s career, patrons’ history of patronage, other eulogists, and revels at the site of the games. Section 6 offers an interpretation of Nemean 6, an ode that situates itself both within traditional social practices and a poetic canon. A conclusion then synthesizes preceding arguments and offers a reconstruction of the literary culture surrounding fifth-century epinician.
The Lattice Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Over the past near three decades, the Lattice Boltzmann method has gained a prominent role as an efficient computational method for the numerical simulation of a wide variety of complex states of flowing matter across a broad range of scales, from fully developed turbulence, to multiphase micro-flows, all the way down to nano-biofluidics and lately, even quantum-relativistic subnuclear fluids. After providing a self-contained introduction to the kinetic theory of fluids and a thorough account of its transcription to the lattice framework, this book presents a survey of the major developments which have led to the impressive growth of the Lattice Boltzmann across most walks of fluid dynamics and its interfaces with allied disciplines, such as statistical physics, material science, soft matter and biology. This includes recent developments of Lattice Boltzmann methods for non-ideal fluids, micro- and nanofluidic flows with suspended bodies of assorted nature and extensions to strong non-equilibrium flows beyond the realm of continuum fluid mechanics. In the final part, the book also presents the extension of the Lattice Boltzmann method to quantum and relativistic fluids, in an attempt to match the major surge of interest spurred by recent developments in the area of strongly interacting holographic fluids, such as quark-gluon plasmas and electron flows in graphene. It is hoped that this book may provide a source information and possibly inspiration to a broad audience of scientists dealing with the physics of classical and quantum flowing matter across many scales of motion.
From Kinetic Theory to Navier–Stokes Hydrodynamics
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This Chapter illustrates the derivation of the macroscopic fluid equations, starting from Boltzmann’s kinetic theory. Two routes are presented, the heuristic derivation based on the enslaving of fast modes to slow ones, and the Hilbert–Chapman–Enskog procedure, based on low-Knudsen number asymptotic expansions. The former is handier but mathematically less rigorous than the latter. Either ways, the assumption of weak departure from local equilibrium proves crucial in recovering hydrodynamics as a large-scale limit of kinetic theory.
Kinetic Theory of Dense Fluids
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter presents the basic elements of the kinetic theory of non-ideal fluids, to which both kinetic and potential energy contribute on comparable footing. Non-ideal fluids lie at the heart of many complex fluid-dynamic applications, such as those involving multiphase and multicomponent flows. This chapter features a degree of abstraction which may not come by handy to the reader with limited interest to the formal theory of classical many-body systems. The interested readers can safely skip the math and retain the basic bottomline. They may just skip this chapter altogether, but in this author’s opinion, this is likely to come with a toll on the full appreciation of Lattice Boltzmann theory for non-ideal fluids, in fact one of the most successful offsprings of Lattice Boltzmann theory.
Stochastic Particle Dynamics
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Dense fluids and liquids molecules are in constant interaction; hence, they do not fit into the Boltzmann’s picture of a clearcut separation between free-streaming and collisional interactions. Since the interactions are soft and do not involve large scattering angles, an effective way of describing dense fluids is to formulate stochastic models of particle motion, as pioneered by Einstein’s theory of Brownian motion and later extended by Paul Langevin. Besides its practical value for the study of the kinetic theory of dense fluids, Brownian motion bears a central place in the historical development of kinetic theory. Among others, it provided conclusive evidence in favor of the atomistic theory of matter. This chapter introduces the basic notions of stochastic dynamics and its connection with other important kinetic equations, primarily the Fokker–Planck equation, which bear a complementary role to the Boltzmann equation in the kinetic theory of dense fluids.
Lattice Boltzmann for Turbulent Flows
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter presents the main ideas behind the application of LB methods to the simulation of turbulent flows. The attention is restricted to the case of direct numerical simulation, in which all scales of motion within the grid resolution are retained in the simulation. Turbulence modeling, in which the effect of unresolved scales on the resolved ones is taken into account by various forms of modeling, will be treated in a subsequent chapter.