bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Graffiti from the Church Agia Paraskevi in Geroskipou on Cyprus Preliminary Remarks
Authors: Evdokimova Alexandra A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Eleven new graffiti found by us in the eleventh-century church Agia Paraskevi in Geroskipou on Cyprus in 2015 are published in this article for the first time. Analysis of spelling and paleography, as well as linguistic commentary, is also presented for each of these inscriptions. Most of the graffiti are the funerary inscriptions using the formula ἐκοιµήθη ὁ δουλος του θ(ε)ου name + date in their structure. The date, 1092, can be read only in the fifth graffito; therefore, the preliminary dating of all the graffiti complex is the 11th century. The orthography peculiarities of this graffiti complex are: υ instead of οι, η and η used twice in the verb ἐκοιµήθη, also, we have twice met υ instead of οι. Reading diphthong οι as [ü] is traditional for this period. A sequential use of η instead of ι is found in many nouns, which is probably the orthographic tendency in this region. The next names appear in the analyzed monuments: George three times, Theodora, Marcos twice, and Leo. The graffiti are written with the majuscule letters; σ and ε are lunar.
Causation Puzzles in International Climate Litigation
Authors: Nollkaemper André 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The multiplicity of causes of climate change makes it difficult to establish causal connections between individual States’ greenhouse gas emissions and harmful effects of climate change. Several States and companies have invoked this causation puzzle as a defence against claims that they would be responsible for harmful effects. However, in recent opinions and judgments, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the European Court of Human Rights, and national courts have shown that this causation puzzle does not necessarily preclude a determination of the responsibility of States contributing to climate change. This paper examines how courts have (partially) solved puzzles of cause-effect relations by relying on normative standards based on the imperative to prevent global risks of climate harm. It also articulates possible solutions to the main causation puzzle that courts have not yet cracked: allocating compensation for climate change harm.
The Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Andreone Gemma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction is a complex treaty aiming to fill the gaps left by the UNCLOS in regulating marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. In view of the multifaceted nature the Agreement, this contribution proposes an early stage critical analysis of certain choices made by the Intergovernmental Conference. An assessment of cross-sectional and general issues and of some specific provisions contained in Part III calls for a reflection on whether, and in which manner, the BBNJ Agreement can be considered an environmental treaty, or a treaty possessing a hybrid nature and employing an innovative approach compared to the UNCLOS.
The Scrutiny of States’ Climate Change Action under WTO Law and International Investment Agreements
Authors: de Stefano Carlo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The urgency of the fight against climate change is significantly shaping also international economic law. It is herein investigated how international climate change treaties, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) of 9 May 1992 and the Paris Agreement of 12 December 2015 may be successfully integrated with the World Trade Organization (WTO) covered agreements and international investment agreements (IIAs). While the international trade and investment regimes were originally designed primarily for the vindication of economic concerns, they can already provide sufficient legal avenues for the affirmation of States’ climate commitments and efforts, such as the reliance on general exceptions applicable to environmental matters. In particular, trade and investment treaties must be interpreted pursuant to systemic integration as required by Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). As a result, multilateral treaties addressing climate change do constitute a hermeneutic basis against which adjudicators may assess the respect or the breach of economic and commercial treaties under international law. Within this framework, unilateral climate change action by States (or by the European Union) that furthers the “ambition cycle” set forth by the Paris Agreement may withstand the scrutiny of the WTO Dispute Settlement System (DSS) and international investment tribunals but for a finding of discriminatory, arbitrary, unreasonable, selective or protectionist application.
Obey or Disobey: National Courts and International Law in the Thought of Conforti
Authors: Rossi Pierfrancesco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The subject of the application of international law by national courts was central – arguably the most central – to the scholarly work of Benedetto Conforti. The defining feature of his views on this matter was the dialectical opposition between the poles of obedience and disobedience. In fact, Conforti called upon national courts to take up a dual role: key enforcers of international law, but also defenders of national fundamental values against international law. This paper reflects on the complexity of Conforti’s thought and on its relation with scholarship and case law. The analysis is articulated around the themes of the past, the present and the future: respectively, the roots of his ideas and their connection with previous scholars, his writings’ influence on judicial practice, and the legacy of his thought.
The Italian Nazi Crimes Reparations Fund and Judicial Protection: Navigating the Drawbacks of Judicial Responses to Mass Crimes
Authors: Bufalini Alessandro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Reparations for mass crimes and systematic human rights violations are inherently complex endeavours and can be approached through various means. At the domestic level, a fundamental distinction can be made between judicial and administrative remedies, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. The present contribution focuses on the “Nazi Crimes Reparations Fund” established by the Italian government to provide redress to Italian victims or victims of crimes committed on Italian territory by the Third Reich during the period between 1 September 1939 and 8 May 1945. This Fund has a peculiar relationship with judicial proceedings. On one hand, eligibility to receive compensation through the Fund is contingent upon victims obtaining or intending to obtain a final judgment against Germany based on a claim filed by 31 December 2023. On the other hand, the Italian Decree-Law establishing the Fund precludes any continuation or institution of enforcement proceedings stemming from judgments that condemn Germany to award compensation to WWII victims of Nazi crimes. In practice, a judgment awarding compensation entitles victims to access the Fund, which is intended to be the sole means of execution. The main purpose of the present paper is to reflect on the nature of this legislative measure, especially concerning its relationship with – or rather, dependence on – judicial proceedings. The paper highlights how judicial remedies for mass human rights violations may raise concerns about both financial sustainability for the State and equality among victims.
The WTO of the Future: Keeping the WTO Digitally Relevant through the JSI on E-Commerce
Authors: Liao Qiu Xu Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Members of the WTO have long regarded e-commerce as an issue of lesser priority. Though seeking to tackle e-commerce issues since 1998 with a Work Programme, progress on enacting WTO law on the matter has remained largely stagnant. To combat two decades of relative inaction, the Joint Statement Initiative on e-commerce was introduced in 2017. Now, within a decade, the JSI has drafted and released a finalised agreement which is now looked towards being integrated into the WTO legal framework. This article explores the history of the JSI, why it has been successful, and how it has overcome previous indifference of the WTO on e-commerce issues from the 1998 Work Programme. It will also highlight how the JSI does and should do to remain significant in today’s legal landscape where many plurilateral trade agreements concurrently emerge in tackling e-commerce issues.
Damascius and the First-Principle Aporia in Neoplatonism
Authors: Deng Xiangling 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The first-principle aporia in Neoplatonism concerns how the first principle of everything can be both transcendent (beyond everything) and non-transcendent (in a causal relationship with its products). According to Damascius, earlier Neoplatonists attribute these two contradictory characteristics to the One. Damascius argues that the One is insufficient as the ultimate principle because it still relates to beings by being their cause. He posits the Ineffable above the One as the ultimate principle, which, in its absolute transcendence, can no longer be called a principle. Thus, the One is merely what can be called a principle, whereas the Ineffable is the ultimate principle, even though this notion is no longer applicable to it. Damascius separates the absolute transcendence and the causality of the first principle, assigning these to the Ineffable and the One, respectively. However, his “double principle doctrine” introduces difficulties for both the One and for the Ineffable, leaving neither adequate as the first principle.
Elaboration and study of the fatigue behavior of a multifunctional composite material with embedded copper insert: The effect of thickness and electrical voltage
Authors: Bachir Bey Imene , Si Ahmed Fatiha , Mansour Samir 
Published: November 2024

The behavior of multifunctional composite material with an embedded copper foil strip under cyclic loading was investigated. Materials able to bare charge as well as conduct electricity are crucial in various applications in high-tech industries. The effects of applied stress, voltage levels and the dimensions of the insert on the material response were analyzed. Two types of composites were prepared: one with a 0.1 mm thick copper (GFC0.1) and another with a thickness of 0.05 mm (GFC0.05). Both materials were subjected to tensile and fatigue tests. The results revealed that the dimensions of the insert had an impact on the Maximum Tensile Resistance (MTR). The examination of the fatigue-damaged composite gave important insights about the evolution of the de-bonding area of the interface copper/composite under different loading conditions. Fatigue test results allow the plotting of fatigue curves and establishing the fatigue equation specific to each material under each voltage level (U = 5, 9, and 12 ± 0.3 V). These results also showed that when tested at the same voltage, there is one stress level for which both GFC0.1 and GFC0.05 have the same fatigue resistance; above this stress value, GFC0.1 has a better resistance, and below it, GFC0.05 will be the one resisting better. Epoxy resin was chemically dissolved to restore the damaged copper Nicked-eye inspection along with scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed interesting facts about the metallic insert behaviors, including the nature of the rupture and the effect of the voltage on the fractured surface aspect.
Stigma of Losing an Only Child: Implications for Public Perceptions of Bereavement Adversities and Prosocial Tendencies in China
Authors: Li Jinfeng , Huo Meng , Gao Lin , Wang Dahua 
Published: November 2024

Given the one-child policy (1979–2016), many bereaved parents (mean age ˃ 60 years) in China have lost their only child. Yet, the social environment in which these parents continue their lives is little known. The current study drew on data from 2029 Chinese adults ( Mage = 36.62 years, SDage = 10.06, range = 18–71) who anonymously completed questionnaires about their negative attitudes towards the bereaved parents (i.e., stigma of losing an only child), perceptions of adversities faced by these parents, and prosocial tendencies (willingness to provide personal help and expectations for government support). In total, 44% of the participants held moderate to high levels of stigma of losing an only child. Participants with greater stigma reported fewer adversities faced by the bereaved parents and they were less likely to agree that the government should provide resources. Moreover, perceptions of adversities mediated the negative association between public stigma and expectations for governmental support. This study advances our understanding of the unwelcoming environment in which the vulnerable population of parents who have lost their only child live by innovatively revealing perspectives from the public.
Assessment of Competencies and Ability to Care for the General Population: Design and Validation of the Spanish COMCAPCARE Scale
Authors: Espadas-Calzado Elena , Esteban-Burgos Ana Alejandra , Capilla-Díaz Concepción , Puente-Fernández Daniel , Martí-García Celia , Montoya-Juárez Rafael 
Published: November 2024

Background: As the population ages, the demand for social and health systems grows, especially due to chronic diseases and dependency. Informal caregivers, particularly women, face significant burdens including physical, emotional, and financial strain. Current caregiving assessment tools focus on those already in caregiving roles or health professionals, with no tools for the general population without prior caregiving experience. Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate the Spanish COMCAPCARE scale, which assesses the skills and abilities necessary to care for dependent individuals, including those nearing the end of life, among individuals without prior caregiving experience. Methods: A scale validation study was conducted. A Delphi panel of 13 experts developed an 18-item scale, which was administered to 253 participants over the age of 18 who had not previously served as primary caregivers. Main measurements were psychometric analyses, including principal components analysis (PCA) and reliability testing using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient. Correlation with a single-item self-assessment of caregiving competence was verified through Spearman’s rho. Results: A total of 253 participants (73.9% women) with a mean age of 33 years (SD 13.7) participated. The scale identified 3 factors: financial and work situation (4 items), adaptability (8 items), and care and communication (6 items). The total scale demonstrated high reliability (α = 0.84) and significant correlations between the scale’s total score and a single-item self-assessment of caregiving competence ( r = 0.693, P < .001). Conclusions: The Spanish COMCAPCARE scale provides a reliable and valid tool for assessing caregiving competencies in the general population without caregiving experience.
Non-invasive cerebral autoregulation monitoring during paediatric cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass requiring intraoperative cross-clamping of one of the carotid arteries
Authors: Berger Rafal , Ewert Sebastian , Sandoval Boburg Rodrigo , Neunhoeffer Felix , Magunia Harry , Lescan Mario , Schlensak Christian , Mustafi Migdat 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Neurologic complications remain one of the major risks after pediatric cardiac surgery. Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is a physiologic mechanism regulating cerebral perfusion. A dynamic intraoperative evaluation can possibly detect the impairment of the cerebral regulatory function during surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of dynamic cerebral blood perfusion monitoring using cerebral oxygenation index (COx) as CA parameter during pediatric cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) requiring intraoperative cross-clamping of one carotid artery to perform the procedure. Materials and methods Prospective intraoperative autoregulation monitoring was performed in 14 children under the age of 1 year requiring elective cardiac surgery with intraoperative cross-clamping of one of carotid artery. Procedures requiring the use of CPB and redo surgeries were excluded. Results Impaired CA could be measured during 33.8% of cross-clamping time on the ipsilateral side and 30.1% on the contralateral side. The difference in COx was not significant before ( p = 0.7), during ( p = 0.29) and after cross clamping ( p = 0.63), but a significant difference in COx levels throughout the entire cohort was noted individually. The mean ABP during normal (COx <0.4) CA was 61.8 mmHg (95% CI 60.7 – 62.9) and 62.9 mmHg (95% CI 61.9 – 63.9) for cross clamped and opposite side. During impaired (COx >0.4) CA the ABP values were 58.9 mmHg (95% CI 57.7 – 60.1, p < 0.05) and 56 mmHg (95% CI 54.8 – 57.3, p < 0.05) respectively. Conclusions A dynamic intraoperative monitoring of CA during pediatric cardiac surgery is possible and allows to confirm the impairment of autoregulation during cross-clamping of one of the carotid arteries.
Exploring the multifaceted characteristics of aura in migraine: A multicenter, cross-sectional study
Authors: Dalla Volta Giorgio , Russo Antonio , Silvestro Marcello , Ornello Raffaele , Caponnetto Valeria , Sacco Simona , Zavarise Paola , Cortinovis Matteo , Lo Castro Flavia , Guerzoni Simona , Prudenzano Maria Pia , Gentile Martino , De Icco Roberto , Vaghi Gloria , Tassorelli Cristina , De Tommaso Marina , Scannicchio Stefania , Rainero Innocenzo , Granato Antonio , Sepe Federica Nicoletta , Ferrandi Delfina , Rebecchi Valentina , Alessandri Massimo , Burgalassi Andrea , Romozzi Marina , Casalena Alfonsina , Chiarugi Alberto , Geppetti Pierangelo , Iannone Luigi Francesco 
Published: November 2024

Background Migraine with aura (MwA) is a debilitating disorder characterized by paroxysmal attacks of pain preceded or accompanied by reversible neurological symptoms. While the pathophysiology remains unclear, trigeminovascular system activation and cortical spreading depression have been implicated. This study aims to comprehensively investigate and characterize the diverse clinical features and manifestations of aura, as well as the types of acute medications self-administered for aura management. Methods A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Italian Headache Registry (RICe). Aura characteristics, frequency, duration and associated migraine premonitory symptoms were collected. Acute medication use and timing (headache or aura phase) were assessed. Results The study included 272 patients with a diagnosis of MwA. Most patients (99.3%) experienced typical aura symptoms, with visual aura (96.3%) being the most prevalent, followed by sensory (33.0%) and speech and/or language aura (25.6%). Brainstem aura (8.5%) and motor aura (1.8%) were less common. Notably, 13.0% of patients reported aura relapses within 24 hours. Triptans (39.7%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (47.8%) and nutraceuticals (59.9%) were commonly used for acute aura management. Conclusions This study reports several different aura manifestations, highlighting atypical features, aura relapse rates and treatment approaches for aura. These findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of aura and its management in clinical settings.
Electronic Monitoring of Mom’s Schedule (eMOMS™): A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial Targeting Postpartum Weight Retention and Breastfeeding Duration Among Populations With Overweight/Obesity
Authors: Jacobson Lisette T. , Befort Christie , Okut Hayrettin , Zackula Rosey , Dowling Jolynn , Stern Judy E. , Robbins David C. , Wolfe Michael D. , Kluding Patricia , Grainger David A. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Globally, rising trends in gestational diabetes and body mass index contribute to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle modifications and breastfeeding may reverse this effect, although few studies combine these into one intervention. Research Aims: To measure postpartum weight retention, breastfeeding duration, hemoglobin A1C, and mean arterial blood pressure at 6 months postpartum among women with elevated pre-pregnancy body mass index. Methods: The electronic Monitoring of Mom’s Schedule study (eMOMS™) was a feasibility, three-arm, randomized controlled trial modeled after a Diabetes Prevention Program and breastfeeding support. A health coach delivered a 12-month virtual intervention. Study arm results were compared using Wilcoxon signed-ranks exact test reporting from a two-sided test and bootstrapped samples with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Between September 2019 and May 2021, 100 individuals were screened, and 35 were randomized: nine to Group 1, 14 to Group 2, and 12 to Group 3. At baseline, participants averaged 13.0 ( SD = 2.5) weeks gestation, with a mean pre-pregnancy body mass index of 29.7 ( SD = 3.0). With 5,000 bootstrapped samples, mean weight retention from baseline to 6 months postpartum was: 4.0 kg, 95% CI [1.6, 6.2] for Group 1; 3.7 kg, CI [-1.8, 9.8] for Group 2; and 7.5 kg, CI [4.1, 11.6] for Group 3. Mean (exclusive) breastfeeding duration was 9.3 weeks, 95% CI [0.43, 26.1]; 9.6 weeks, CI [4.4, 15.7]; and 15.1 weeks, CI [6.5, 23.3] for each group, respectively. Conclusion: Our intervention was positively associated with postpartum weight retention and breastfeeding duration. Future research is needed to assess intervention components.
A Live Online Prenatal Educational Model: Association With Exclusive Breastfeeding at Discharge
Authors: Gabhart Julia M. , Wasio Lina N. , U-thaiwat Panupong , Chen Yi W. , Main James 
Published: November 2024

Background: Web-based prenatal education is increasingly employed, but its association with increased breastfeeding and predictors of breastfeeding success is uncertain. Research Aims: Our primary aim was to evaluate our live, online intervention’s association with exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge. Secondarily, we aimed to describe participants’ reports of the intervention on predictors of breastfeeding success. Method: We used a retrospective quasi-experimental cohort design to assess the association between our intervention and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. The intervention consisted of an evidence-based live, online, 2-hour class open to all prenatal patients and supporters at our urban community medical center from June 2020 through April 2022. Patient characteristics and breastfeeding rates were extracted from the electronic medical record. Samples were drawn using stratified random sampling. Three logistic regression models were conducted to assess the associations between the intervention and exclusive breastfeeding. Two surveys assessed the participant reports of the intervention. Results: Samples of the first model, comprised of 160 participants and 160 non-participants, were similar in important characteristics. Participants were 2.12 times (95% CI [1.12, 3.69]) more likely to exclusively breastfeed. Participants reported positively on the impacts of the intervention on breastfeeding predictors. Conclusions: Our live, online intervention was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge. A randomized, prospective examination of the intervention’s association with breastfeeding duration would further define its impact.