bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central sensitization increases the pupil dilation elicited by mechanical pinprick stimulation
Authors: van den Broeke E.N. , Hartgerink D.M. , Butler J , Lambert J , Mouraux A 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTHigh frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of skin nociceptors triggers central sensitization, manifested as increased pinprick sensitivity of the skin surrounding the site at which HFS was applied. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of HFS on pupil dilation and brain responses elicited by pinprick stimulation delivered in the area of increased pinprick sensitivity. In fourteen healthy volunteers HFS was applied to one of the two forearms. Before and twenty minutes after applying HFS, mechanical pinprick stimuli (64 mN and 96 mN) were delivered to the area surrounding the site at which HFS was applied as well as the contralateral control arm. During pinprick stimulation both the pupil size and electroencephalogram were recorded. HFS induced a clear and comparable increase in pinprick sensitivity for both the 64 and 96 mN stimulation intensity. Both pinprick stimulation intensities elicited a greater pupil dilation response when delivered to the area of increased pinprick sensitivity. However, this greater pupil dilation response was larger for the 64 mN compared to the 96 mN stimulation intensity. A similar pattern was observed for the negative wave of the pinprick-evoked brain potentials (PEPs), however, the increase was not significant for the 96 mN and showed only a trend towards significance for the 64 mN. These results show that there is a correspondence between the increase in pupil dilation and the increase in PEPs, but that pupil size is a more sensitive measure for detecting the effects of central sensitization than PEPs.
Anemia Diagnosis on a Simple Paper-based Assay
Authors: Biswas Sujay K , Bandyopadhyay Soumya , Kar Shantimoy , Som Nirmal K , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn developing countries, the maternal and neonatal mortality rate is often affected by prenatal period anemia, a preventable and ubiquitous impairment attributed due to low hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration. We report the development of a simple, frugal (~ 0.02 $ per test), rapid and high fidelity paper-based colorimetric microfluidic device for point-of-care (POC) detection of anemia. We validate our findings with 32 blood samples collected from different patients covering a wide spectrum of anemia and subsequently, compare with standard pathological results measured using a hematology analyzer. POC based Hgb estimates are correlated with the pathological gold standard estimates of Hgb levels (r = 0.909), and the POC test method yielded similar sensitivity and specificity for detecting mild anemia (n = 8) (<11 g/dl) (sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 100 %) and for severe anemia (n = 3) (<7 g/dl) (sensitivity: 100 %, specificity: 100 %). The estimated Hgb levels are, within 1.5 g/dl from the pathological estimate, for 91 % of the blood samples. Results demonstrate the elevated efficacy and viability of this POC colorimetric diagnostic test, in comparison to the state-of-the-art complex and expensive diagnostic tests for anemia detection.
Reaffirming the importance of managerial discretion in corporate governance: a comment on Andersen (2017)
Authors: Haj Youssef Moustafa Salman , Teng Da 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to refute the work of Andersen (2017) by suggesting a different theoretical view and to argue that the concept of managerial discretion is one of the core dimensions that cannot be discarded when studying corporate governance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses theoretical frameworks from recent literature, definitions and empirical studies on the concept of managerial discretion and corporate governance.FindingsSeveral studies have empirically tested and measured the concept of managerial discretion, some have provided validity and reliability of the concept and others have showed the direct impact of discretion on firm performance.Practical implicationsResearch on managerial discretion provides owners and board of directors a clear advice on how much discretion can be granted to top executives by taking into consideration the different dimensions of the external and internal environment.Originality/valueThis paper concludes that corporate governance research will not improve if it abandons the concept of managerial discretion.
Readability, governance and performance: a test of the obfuscation hypothesis in Qatari listed firms
Authors: Hassan Mostafa Kamal , Abu Abbas Bassam , Garas Samy Nathan 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between the readability of annual reports and corporate performance in Qatari listed firms while controlling for a firm’s competitive position, governance structure and specific features such as size, age and industry type.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on both agency theory and legitimacy theory to develop testable hypotheses. It uses a sample of 126 firm-year listed companies in the Qatar Stock Exchange to test obfuscation in the annual reports through examining the association between the readability of Narrative Disclosures (NDs) and corporate profitability, financial risk and agency costs for the period from 2014-2016.FindingsThe findings show that firms with higher annual report readability are more profitable and have lower agency costs, which is an indication of the existence of “obfuscation.” Qatari firms may use narrative complexity as a disclosure strategy to enhance their image and consequently maintain their social legitimacy.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the study findings suffer from limited global generalization, they can be generalized across Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Thus, future cross-country research is encouraged.Practical implicationsThe findings encourage Qatari policymakers to instate a policy for “Plain English” writing to make NDs easy to read by international investors.Originality/valueThis study is one of very few studies that examines the readability of annual reports in emerging market economies, i.e. Qatar. The study contributes to the paucity of research that examines English-written annual reports in non-English speaking countries.
Self-facilitation framework for developing soft skills – FSIAR
Authors: Sethi Deepa 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate various ways in which soft skills can be developed. It proposes a self-facilitation framework to develop and enhance soft skills.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey questionnaire was developed based on a pilot study with reference to key components of an individual’s life which can be instrumental in developing soft skills. Study was conducted on participants of Management Development Program (MDP) in a business school in India between June 2017 and March 2018. Participants who had attended a session on soft skills were selected for the study. In all, 180 participants from 12 programs filled the responses based on a five-point Likert scale. Of all, 167 responses were complete and deemed fit for analysis. Factor analysis using SPSS 22 resulted in five factors, namely, family, self, industry, academia, and resources.

Findings
Findings indicated that irrespective of gender, age categories, type of organizations working in, and the years of work experience, majority respondents accepted that soft skills could be developed through a holistic approach with the help of a self-facilitation framework (FSIAR) comprising family, self, industry, academia, and resources.

Research limitations/implications
The framework can be generalized by testing the questions with a larger number of respondents. A further research could be to delve into the cultural factors while using this framework in various countries.

Practical implications
The study is extremely beneficial for heads of organizations, working executives, educational institutions, scholars, faculty, and trainers.

Originality/value
This study for the first time has proposed a self-facilitation framework – FSIAR for developing and enhancing soft skills of an individual.
Sonalika’s foray into passenger vehicles
Authors: Pandit Deepak , Tiwari Shalini Rahul , Sahay Arun 
Published: October 2018

Subject area
This case is most suited for the course on Strategic Management.

Study level/applicability
The case can be used for post graduate management students and executive education participants. It should be used in the section dealing with capabilities of an organization.

Case overview
Sonalika Group, situated in Punjab, India, started its operations in 1969 by manufacturing agricultural implements and equipment’s. By 1990, the firm graduated into manufacturing tractors. It gradually expanded its wings in countries like Nigeria, Argentina and Brazil and became the third largest tractor manufacturer of India in FY 2012. The year 2005 was a landmark year when it entered the passenger vehicle segment through its subsidiary International Cars and Motors Limited that launched a multi-utility vehicle (MUV) named Rhino. The vehicle was expected to fill up the vacant spot created by the withdrawal of “Qualis”, which was a highly popular MUV manufactured by Toyota. However, the enthusiasm of launching Rhino waned with time because its sales did not pick up as expected. After selling around 5,000 units of Rhino, the company stopped its production as the product had started showing up teething problems. The marketers and designers burnt midnight oil to bring out an improved version of Rhino. This version was christened “Extreme” and launched in 2012. Despite all marketing, sales and service efforts, “Extreme” also failed to take off. The group is wondering when it was so successful in tractors why it has not been successful in passenger vehicle category. It has to work out a strategy to be successful in passenger vehicle segment as well.

Expected learning outcomes
Expected learning outcomes are as follows: to analyse the external and internal environment for a business and understand its impact on business decision-making; to understand the relationship between operational capabilities and dynamic capabilities; to identify opportunities and match it with internal capabilities; to analyse the reasons for product failure and identify remedial measures; to understand the process of technology diffusion and thereby strategic planning.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject Code:
CSS 11: Strategy
Gender performativity and hegemonic masculinity in investment management
Authors: Sheerin Corina , Linehan Margaret 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Through an examination of the everyday organisational and social practices, this paper aims to consider gender performativity and hegemonic masculinity within front office investment management. At the core of this research is the need to understand the interactions between gender, power and patriarchy.

Design/methodology/approach
An interpretivist philosophical stance underpins the study. A theory-building approach using 19 semi-structured interviews with investment management employees based in Ireland was undertaken.

Findings
The findings highlight a sector in which gender is performed in line with sectoral expectations, which place men in positions of dominance with hegemonic masculinity inherent. The organisational structures and daily interactions are imbued with male norms, which dictate how gender is to be performed, and which places women firmly as “different” and “outsiders”. These mechanisms of inequality are further supported by men’s “blocked reflexivity”.

Practical implications
The findings of this study indicate clear evidence of a “patriarchal dividend”, which is underpinned by the maintenance of closure regimes and gender blindness particularly, among senior male gatekeepers. Such results call for policymakers to go beyond goals of numerical parity and ensure transparency and equality across all aspects of work. A holistic and multifaceted approach to addressing issues of gendered culture and the normalisation of men’s privileged relationship with power positions is needed.

Originality/value
This paper is situated within a relatively under-researched labour market space, that of investment management. The findings conceptualise gender as a social process, thus facilitating traditional assumptions about gender at work as a single entity to be challenged. The results also advance theoretical insights of misogynistic work cultures and hegemonic masculinity through the analysis of gendered behaviours within this traditionally male environment.
Factors impacting the usage of academic journal articles by PhD students in India
Authors: Saxena Stuti 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to underline the factors impacting the usage of academic journal articles by PhD students in Indian universities.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a detailed literature review, the paper bases itself on a grounded theory and provides insights drawn from structured interviews conducted via email with 134 PhD students who were based in public and private universities in India.FindingsThe paper underlines that there are five factors (institutional; task complexity; relevance and application; information quality; and technical) that are responsible for impacting the usage of academic journal articles by PhD students in their scholarly work. Such factors are linked with resource constraints faced by universities, lack of motivation on the part of teachers and students, non-availability of an electronic library, etc.Originality/valueThe present study is a major contribution to the extant literature on the usage of academic journal articles for pursuing scholarly activities.
Measuring the content characteristics of videos featuring augmented reality advertising campaigns
Authors: Feng Yang , Xie Quan 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Over the past few years, advertisers have adopted augmented reality (AR) technology in advertising campaigns. To overcome the geographic limit, advertisers record the interaction between people and virtual objects in AR campaigns and upload promotional videos on social media, such as YouTube. This study aims to develop and validate a measurement instrument to gauge the content characteristics of YouTube videos featuring AR ad campaigns.

Design/methodology/approach
To this end, possible items were generated via a review of prior literature, and supplemented by content analysis and a free association task. The measurement instrument was then refined and validated using a pretest of a general consumer sample, and further validated using a second general consumer sample with two online experiments.

Findings
Results indicate that the content characteristics of YouTube AR campaigns can be measured using a 15-item, four-construct (informativeness, novelty, entertainment and complexity) instrument. This study also found the direct and indirect relationships between each content characteristic and ad efficacy variables.

Practical implications
The measurement instrument provides practitioners with a broad measure of the content characteristics of YouTube AR campaigns. The results also reveal the effect of different content features of YouTube AR campaigns on the outcome of successful advertising execution.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the body of knowledge in marketing communications via exploring the primary content characteristics of AR advertising campaign videos uploaded on YouTube. It also develops an understanding of the impact of AR technology on consumer behavior and on the experience that it delivers.
Physical-mechanical characterization of biodegradable Mg-3Si-HA composites
Authors: Prakash Chander , Singh Sunpreet , Farina Ilenia , Fraternali Fernando , Feo Luciano 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Porous implant surface is shown to facilitate bone in-growth and cell attachment, improving overall osteointegration, while providing adequate mechanical integrity. Recently, biodegradable material possessing such superior properties has been the focus with an aim of revolutionizing implant’s design, material and performance. This paper aims to present a comprehensive investigation into the design and development of low elastic modulus porous biodegradable Mg-3Si-5HA composite by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (MA-SPS) technique.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the design and development of low elastic modulus porous biodegradable Mg-3Si-5HA composite by MA-SPS technique. As the key alloying elements, HA powders with an appropriate proportion weight 5 and 10 are mixed with the base elemental magnesium (Mg) particles to form the composites of potentially variable porosity and mechanical property. The aim is to investigate the performance of the synthesized composites of Mg-3Si together with HA in terms of mechanical integrity hardness and Young’s moduli corrosion resistance and in-vitro bioactivity.

Findings
Mechanical and surface characterization results indicate that alloying of Si leads to the formation of fine Mg2 Si eutectic dense structure, hence increasing hardness while reducing the ductility of the composite. On the other hand, the allying of HA in Mg-3Si matrix leads to the formation of structural porosity (5-13 per cent), thus resulting in low Young’s moduli. It is hypothesized that biocompatible phases formed within the composite enhanced the corrosion performance and bio-mechanical integrity of the composite. The degradation rate of Mg-3Si composite was reduced from 2.05 mm/year to 1.19 mm/year by the alloying of HA elements. Moreover, the fabricated composites showed an excellent bioactivity and offered a channel/interface to MG-63 cells for attachment, proliferation and differentiation.

Originality/value
Overall, the findings suggest that the Mg-3Si-HA composite fabricated by MA and plasma sintering may be considered as a potential biodegradable material for orthopedic application.
Navigating disruption with ecosystems, partners and platforms
Authors: Berman Saul , Davidson Steven , Ikeda Kazuaki , Marshall Anthony 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe IBM Institute for Business Value, which has been conducting Global Chief Executive Officers studies for 15 years, has been reporting on CEO concerns about business and economic disruption and described their efforts to respond to it. But surprisingly, in the 2018 study CEOs also indicate that the shock of disruption is waning. Only 26 percent of the CEOs say new entrants are actually taking market share. 10; 10; 10;

Design/methodology/approachThis report is based on input from 2,148 Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), who were interviewed as part of the 19th IBM Global C-suite Study. Both quantitative and qualitative responses were collected from 346 face-to-face meetings and 1,802 in-person phone interviews. To understand how top-performing organizations navigate disruption differently, IBM researchers applied cluster analysis to examine the approaches of three groups of CEOs – Reinventors,. Practitioners and Aspirationals. 10;

FindingsMost CEOs see the emergence of platforms and the growing importance of network economics – both scale and scope – as the crucial drivers of future growth.

Practical implicationsAlmost six in ten Reinventors co-create new products, services or experiences with their customers.

Originality/valueToday’s CEOs have learned to not only accommodate but embrace disruption. Anticipating and responding to sudden and dramatic change has become standard operating procedure. Chief executives from top performing businesses understand that success requires collaboration with partners within ecosystems and on platforms. Indeed, Checklists for leaders are included.
Use of Natural Antioxidants in the Inhibition of Cholesterol Oxidation: A Review
Authors: de Oliveira Vanessa Sales , Ferreira Fernanda Silva , Cople Maria Clara Ramos , Labre Tatiana da Silva , Augusta Ivanilda Maria , Gamallo Ormindo Domingues , Saldanha Tatiana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSynthetic antioxidants are widely used in the food industry. However, the potential toxicity, carcinogenic effects, and possible health damage caused by the ingestion of synthetic compounds, and also consumer concern about the safety of such additives has motivated the food industry to search for natural alternatives. Natural compounds with antioxidant properties are able to retard or prevent lipid oxidation in food. Animal sources like fish, eggs, meats, and dairy products are essential foods for human health due to their lipid fraction with high contents of unsaturated compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. However, these unsaturated lipids when exposed to favorable factors can become oxidized, which leads to sensory and nutritional losses as well as the formation of oxidized compounds known as cholesterol oxidation products or COPs. COPs are associated with deleterious health effects, such as inflammation, cytotoxicity, atherogenesis, carcinogenesis, and alterations in cell membrane properties, as well as the development of degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and other chronic diseases. Thus, the use of natural antioxidants can be an alternative to synthetics to prevent the formation of COPs and extend the shelf life of foods susceptible to oxidative deterioration. This review brings together information concerning the use of natural antioxidants as a strategy to control cholesterol oxidation.
Meat Color Stability of Ovine Muscles Is Related to Glycolytic Dehydrogenase Activities
Authors: Xin Jianzeng , Li Zheng , Li Xin , Li Meng , Li Guixia , Rao Weili , Zhang Dequan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe relationship between glycolytic dehydrogenase, including glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and meat color stability was studied in this study using ovine muscle. Three different ovine muscles, including M. longissimus lumborum (LL), M. semimembranosus (SM), and M. psoas major (PM), were obtained (n = 10, respectively), and then displayed for 7 days at 4 °C. The LL and SM muscle had higher surface redness, higher (P < 0.05) GAPDH activity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) content, and lower (P < 0.05) LDH‐B activity than PM muscles during display. The PM muscle had the worst color stability and lowest NADH content. These results suggest that variation in color stability of physiologically different muscles may be affected by glycolysis dehydrogenases. Comparatively, our data showed that GAPDH may play a more important role than LDH‐B to maintain meat color stability.
Alliances and evidence: Building the capacity and effectiveness of rural health advocacy in Australia
Authors: Barclay Lesley , Gregory Gordon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article describes two strategies that have strengthened the capacity and effectiveness of rural health advocacy in Australia over the past nearly three decades. The first is the development of the National Rural Health Alliance, an organisation that grew from strategic efforts to develop relationships between rural and remote health practitioners and organisations. The second is the development, organisation and use of data and evidence to highlight rural health needs. There has been important synergy between these two streams of activity, with research and evidence providing the tools and the National Rural Health Alliance providing the strategy and techniques to influence the rural and remote health care agenda.