bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence Factors’ fimH and fliC H7 in Urinary Tract Infections and Their Association with Antibiotics Resistance among Sudanese Children
Authors: Olla M. Siedahmed Osman  , Ahmed Osman  , Hind Mohamed Abushama  
Published: November 2024

Background
UTIs are one of the most common pathological conditions in both community and hospital settings. A broad spectrum of pathogens causes UTIs, it has been estimated that about 80% to 90% of cases worldwide develop UTI each year. However, the most frequent agent of community-acquired UTI is Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), Some of UPEC genes have been associated with disease and antibiotic resistance. The presence of multidrug-resistant UPEC harboring several virulence factors, is a major risk factor for inpatients. This study aimed to detect the presence of virulence factors; fimH and fliC H7 genes and their possible association with antibiotic resistance, to evaluate the relation between virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among UPEC isolated from Sudanese symptomatic children’s patients with UTI, in Khartoum State- Sudan.
Methods
Sixty-six urine samples from study participants with symptomatic UTIs have been identified by clinician from two hospitals as UPEC using the conventional microbiological tests. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test using disk diffusion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify the presence of two putative virulence factors; fimH and fliC H7, and their association with antimicrobial resistance.
Results
Our results have shown that Amoxcacillin (penicillin group) was consistently the most resistance active (90.9%) of the systemically active antimicrobials, followed by Sulfamethoxazole (89.4%). On the other hand, sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (nitrofuran) was found to be the highest (89.4%). FimH gene has the highest prevalence among E. coli isolates (63.6%), followed by fliC gene (53.0%). A statistically significant association was found between the presence of fimH gene and resistance of E. coli to Polynaphethol with Chi-square p-value = 0.016 and odds ratio =5.353. Another significant association was found with resistance of E. coli to Chloramphenicol (Chi-Square p-value = 0.038, odds ratio = 3.103) and presence of fimH gene, also there was a significant association between the presence of fliC H7 gene and resistance of E. coli to Cephalexin with a (Chi-Square p-value = 0.001 and odds ratio = 5.869)
Conclusions
The study highlighted the prevalence of UPEC isolates which harbored the virulence factors and their association with antibiotic resistance which possibly cause the urine disease. The outcome of the study may represent targets for improving the regimen used and therapeutics against UPEC in Sudan.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access in WiMAX and LTE: A Comparison
Authors: Srikanth S. , Pandian Murugesa , Fernando Xavier 
Published: November 2024

<p>Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access has been adopted by both the WiMAX and Long Term Evolution standards, which are the two main contenders in the 4G wireless scenario. In this article, we do a detailed comparison of the implementation of OFDMA in LTE and WiMAX. The multiuser diversity advantage of OFDMA is well used in LTE, whereas the frequency diversity advantage is nicely exploited in WiMAX. The physical layer overhead in LTE is significantly better than in WiMAX. The network entry process of an LTE mobile is simpler than in a WiMAX mobile. In addition, LTE systems are expected to react faster to changes in the traffic and channel conditions due to the smaller frame times. However, the OFDMA design in WiMAX will cater for more extreme channel conditions, which is perhaps more than what is expected in practice as our investigation reveals. </p>
Methods of Aircraft Disinfection to Reduce Airborne Infectious Disease Transmission
Authors: DeJohn Charles , Belland Kris , Garcia Diego 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION: This review aims to assess the safety and efficacy of the use of ultraviolet-C technology for disinfecting aircraft and compare it with other methods currently used in the aviation industry.
METHODS: The authors conducted a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature on disinfection of aircraft. Independent double reviews were conducted and consultations with a third reviewer were performed in the event of disagreements.
DISCUSSION: Although infectious disease transmission in aircraft cabins has been shown to be low, a recent study has described reports of passengers on commercial aircraft infecting other passengers. Incorporating ultraviolet-C technology into aircraft disinfection protocols holds the potential to add a significant level of risk mitigation to effectively reduce disease transmission and enhance safety.
DeJohn C, Belland K, Garcia D. Methods of aircraft disinfection to reduce airborne infectious disease transmission. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(12):930–936.
Policies on Pulmonary Screening and Management of Respiratory Conditions in Military Pilots
Authors: Frijters Erik , Lindgaard Karsten , Regn Dara , Gray Gary , Naylor Jon , Bushby Alaistair , Guettler Norbert , Leino Tuomo 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION: Military pilots are subjected to unique pulmonary demands, particularly in high performance jets. The hypobaric environment necessitates use of on-board oxygen, breathing masks, and regulators to increase oxygen pressure, affecting ventilation and breathing responses. Safety features like pilot flight equipment and strapping into an ejection seat further impact pilot pulmonary function. Acceptable pulmonary function required for high performance aircraft is not well understood. There is no consensus among North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) partners on how to perform pulmonary screening and which conditions and medications are acceptable.
METHODS: This study was conducted with a questionnaire, gathering retrospective data. In 2019, questionnaires were sent out to national aeromedical representatives from 29 NATO countries and 3 allied nations. Questions were current aeromedical regulations used, pulmonary data collected from each individual pilot, acceptable pulmonary conditions, and acceptable medical treatments. Data were collected before the COVID-19 pandemic; a follow-up questionnaire was sent out after to ask if screening policies had changed.
RESULTS: A total of 16 questionnaires were returned from 13 NATO and 3 allied nations. This equates to an overall response rate of 50%. Pulmonary function testing is conducted on pilot applicants in 15/16 countries and 9/16 perform pulmonary function testing at every follow-up aeromedical examination as well. Conventional chest X-rays as a part of the first initial aeromedical examination are being used in 8/16 countries.
DISCUSSION: This study describes the divergent medical standards for pulmonary function in NATO aircrew and confirms that no standards for best practice exist.
Frijters E, Lindgaard K, Regn D, Gray G, Naylor J, Bushby A, Guettler N, Leino T. Policies on pulmonary screening and management of respiratory conditions in military pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(12):908–912.
Real-Time Neurophysiological and Subjective Indices of Cognitive Engagement in High-Speed Flight
Authors: D’Alessandro Matthew , Mackie Ryan , Berger Tom , Ott Carl , Sullivan Christopher , Curry Ian 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION: Managing cognitive demand is critical for aviation safety. Yet, accurately assessing pilot workload during complex flight maneuvers remains challenging. This study evaluated an integrated methodology combining real-time cognitive engagement indicators to provide a comprehensive assessment and assess the reliability of physiological and subjective measures for monitoring operator state.
METHODS: Six experienced U.S. Army rotary-wing pilots completed simulated high-workload flight scenarios like low-altitude, reconnaissance, and air threat avoidance maneuvers. Continuous wireless electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate data, and subjective workload ratings were recorded during the flights.
RESULTS: EEG engagement indices and heart rate variability metrics demonstrated reliable within-subject consistency across trials for individual pilots, with mean intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.59–0.69. Both measures exhibited synchronized fluctuations across pilots at key events, increasing during high workload segments and decreasing in lower demand periods. Subjective ratings also showed good within-subject reliability, with mean intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.74–0.85. These findings underscore the reliability of our measurements, instilling confidence in the validity of our research.
DISCUSSION: The findings of this study provide strong support for the feasibility of using a multi-measure approach that integrates EEG, heart rate variability, and subjective ratings. This approach can continuously monitor real-time cognitive workload fluctuations during simulated rotary-wing operations. While objective measures showed within-subject consistency, substantial between-subject variability highlights the importance of individualized neurocognitive profiling. The integration of neurophysiological, autonomic, subjective, and environmental data holds great promise for the future of pilot workload assessment despite the challenges posed by individual differences.
D’Alessandro M, Mackie R, Berger T, Ott C, Sullivan C, Curry I. Real-time neurophysiological and subjective indices of cognitive engagement in high-speed flight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(12):885–896.
A Proposed Framework to Regulate Mental Health in Airline Pilots
Authors: Hoffman William R. , Suh Anne , Sprott Timothy , Manderson Kate , Snyder Quay , Sparrow Malcolm , Tvaryanas Anthony 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION: The current regulatory approach to U.S. airline pilot mental health may have unintended negative consequences including healthcare avoidance and screening imprecision. An alternative approach should aim to address these factors while maintaining safety. The authors summarize the following related to mental health in U.S. airline pilots: 1) current regulatory approach and limitations, 2) available regulatory tools within the Sparrow fundamentals, and 3) a proposed novel regulatory approach. The authors propose the simultaneous utilization of multiple models to minimize the negative consequences of healthcare avoidance and screening imprecision. The proposed framework aims to address current limitations.
Hoffman WR, Suh A, Sprott T, Manderson K, Snyder Q, Sparrow M, Tvaryanas A. A proposed framework to regulate mental health in airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(12):940–943.
Prevention of G-Induced Effects on Vision and Consciousness During Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight
Authors: Pollock Ross D. , Britton Joseph K. , Green Nicholas D. C. , Hendriksen Daniel , Hodkinson Peter D. , Anderton Ryan A. , Smith Thomas G. 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION: During centrifuge-simulated suborbital spaceplane flights, launch and re-entry frequently cause visual symptoms, and G-induced loss of consciousness can occur. G-related effects may be more prominent during re-entry from microgravity on actual flights. A modified anti-G maneuver that does not involve a breath strain and is suitable for members of the public may be effective against these effects.
METHODS: Recruited were 13 healthy subjects (age range 34–82 yr) who had experienced visual symptoms during centrifuge-simulated suborbital centrifuge profiles as part of a previous study. Onset and duration of greyout were recorded during an acceleration profile simulating spaceplane launch and re-entry in an upright seated position. The profile was undertaken twice: once in a relaxed state and once while undertaking anticipatory muscle tensing consisting of pre-tensing the leg and abdominal muscles (i.e., the muscle tensing component of a standard aircrew anti-G straining maneuver).
RESULTS: Muscle tensing was well tolerated and prevented 100% of greyout on launch and 54% of greyout on re-entry, as well as delaying the onset of greyout when it did occur on re-entry. Combined with the previous study’s data, this indicates an overall population incidence of greyout of ∼70% on launch, falling to zero with muscle tensing, and ∼80% on re-entry, falling to ∼37% with muscle tensing.
DISCUSSION: Anticipatory pre-tensing of leg and abdominal muscles prevented greyout completely during the launch phase and partially during re-entry, and should be considered as part of routine suborbital spaceplane operations. Studies providing relevant data from actual flights are required.
Pollock RD, Britton JK, Green NDC, Hendriksen D, Hodkinson PD, Anderton RA, Smith TG. Prevention of G-induced effects on vision and consciousness during simulated suborbital spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(12):897–901.
Несахарный диабет: современный взгляд на проблему
Authors: Э.М. Солтаханов , Н.Х. Омарова , К.Г. Камалов , П.А. Омарова , К.Р. Акмурзаева , Л.О. Солтаханова , А.Ч. Арсланбекова 
Published: November 2024

Цель: изучить проблемы диагностики и лечения центрального и нефрогенного несахарного диабета. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ научных и обзорных статей, монографий с акцентом на актуальные проблемы, встречаемые в ходе диагностики и лечения различных форм несахарного диабета. Результаты. Выделены и описаны характерные особенности протекания несахарного и нефрогенного диабета, учитывая схожесть клинической картины, проведен анализ совершенно разных подходов в диагностике и лечении данных заболеваний. Приведены некоторые причины развития и диагностические критерии данной патологии. Кратко изложен механизм действия вазопрессина. Заключение. В связи с тяжестью течения заболевания, лечение несахарного диабета, в частности нефрогенного, остается сложной задачей пути решения которого до конца не изучены.
Objective to study the problems of diagnosis and treatment of central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Materials and methods The analysis of scientific and review articles, monographs with an emphasis on current problems encountered during the diagnosis and treatment of various forms of diabetes insipidus is carried out. Results: The characteristic features of the course of diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes have been identified and described, taking into account the similarity of the clinical picture, an analysis of completely different approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases has been carried out. Some causes of development and diagnostic criteria for this pathology are given. The mechanism of action of vasopressin is outlined. Conclusion. Due to the severity of the course of the disease, the treatment of diabetes insipidus, in particular, nephrogenic, remains a difficult task, the solutions to which are not fully understood.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КАТИОНИТА С НАНОВКЛЮЧЕНИЯМИ СЕРЕБРА
Authors: И.Т. Гарипов , А.Б. Юлдашев , Р.Р. Хайдаров , О.У. Гапурова , И.И. Садиков , С.В. Прудникова , С.Ю. Евграфова 
Published: November 2024

В данной статье рассмотрен новый метод внедрения наночастиц серебра в сильнокислотный катионит КУ-2-8, обеспечивающий образование слоя нановключений серебра на поверхности гранул катионита. Частицы серебра на поверхности катионита имеют сферическую форму и равномерное распределение, их размер варьирует в диапазоне от 50 до 1000 нм. Полная обменная емкость катионита КУ-2-8 по ионам серебра составляет 2,05 ммоль/г. Показано, что использование наночастиц серебра в структуре катионита позволяет предотвратить рост бактерий и биопленок на его поверхности и тем самым значительно увеличить срок его службы при сохранении высокого значения обменной емкости, характерной для сильнокислотных ионообменных смол. Модифицируемый наночастицами серебра катионит может широко применяться в составе систем химводоподготовки, предназначенных для повышения экономичности, ликвидации накипи и отложений на теплопередающих поверхностях в котельном оборудовании.
In this article, a new method for introducing silver nanoparticles into strong acid cationite KU-2-8, which provides the formation of a layer of silver nanoclusions on the surface of cationite granules, is considered. Silver particles on the surface of the cationite have a spherical shape and uniform distribution, their size varies in the range from 50 to 1000 nm. The total exchange capacity of KU-2-8 cationite for silver ions is 2.05 mmol/g. It is shown that the use of silver nanoparticles in the structure of cationite prevents the growth of bacteria and biofilms on its surface and thereby significantly increases its service life while maintaining a high value of the exchange capacity characteristic of strongly acidic ion-exchange resins. Cationite modified by silver nanoparticles can be widely used as part of chemical water treatment systems designed to increase efficiency, eliminate scale and deposits on heat transfer surfaces in boiler equipment.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ И УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ТБО ПРИ ПОМОЩИ ПРЕССОВЫХ УСТАНОВОК
Authors: С.А. Красноперова 
Published: November 2024

В статье проанализированы основные виды твердых бытовых отходов, производимые продовольственными магазинами и супермаркетами. Выявлено, что наибольший объем занимают органические и целлюлозно-бумажные (макулатура) отходы. Предложено оптимизировать организационную деятельность по сбору и утилизации ТБО при помощи пакетировочного пресса. Внедрение пакетировочного пресса решает целый ряд проблем продовольственных магазинов: утилизации производственных отходов; рационального использования производственных и складских площадей; пожарной и экологической безопасности; охраны труда и соблюдения техники безопасности; эстетики и культуры производства; повышении имиджа компании. Также внедрение прессовых установок позволяет значительно сэкономить денежные средства при перевозке и утилизации отходов.
The article analyzes the main types of solid household waste produced by food stores and supermarkets. It was revealed that the largest volume is occupied by organic and pulp and paper (waste paper) waste. It is proposed to optimize organizational activities for the collection and disposal of solid waste using a bagging press. The introduction of a bagging press solves a number of problems of food stores: utilization of industrial waste; rational use of production and warehouse space; fire and environmental safety; occupational health and safety; aesthetics and culture of production; improving the company's image. Also, the introduction of press installations allows you to significantly save money when transporting and disposing of waste.
Информационно-просветительская работа с учащимися по формированию знаний и навыков РСО
Authors: О.П. Дружакина 
Published: November 2024

Внедрение раздельного сбора отходов (РСО) отмечается как одна из приоритетных задач национального проекта «Экология» в России. В статье рассказан опыт организации сепарационного сбора отходов внутри помещений, а также информационно-просветительской деятельности по формированию умений и навыков раздельного накопления и сбора твердых коммунальных отходов у учащихся и сотрудников в ФГБОУ ВО «Удмуртский государственный университет». С начала 2020 года в Университете запущен проект селективного сбора отходов в два ведра – утилизируемые и не утилизируемые. Ведется информационно-разъяснительная работа с учащимися, сотрудниками, со всем задействованным персоналом и специалистами клининговой службы, специалистами по безопасности. Это уникальный для Республики опыт раздельного сбора отходов в помещениях. Он позволит разработать механизм внедрения РСО, тиражируемый в последующем для административных и общественных зданий. Проект направлен на повышение качественных и количественных показателей извлечения вторичного сырья на стадии его первичного образования. Сегодня этот показатель не превышает 2 %, в будущем планируется достичь 60 %.
The introduction of separate waste collection (SWC) is noted as one of the priorities of the national project "Ecology" in Russia. The article describes the experience of organizing separate collection of waste inside the premises, as well as information and educational activities for the formation of skills for separate accumulation and collection of solid municipal waste among students and employees at the Udmurt state University. Since the beginning of 2020, the University has launched a project for selective collection of waste in two buckets – recyclable and non-recyclable. Awareness-raising activities are conducted with students, employees, all involved personnel and specialists of the cleaning service, security specialists. This is a unique experience for the Republic of separate waste collection in the premises. It will allow to develop a mechanism for the implementation of the SWC, which will be replicated in the future for administrative and public buildings. The project is aimed at improving the quality and quantity of secondary raw material extraction at the stage of its primary formation. Today, this figure does not exceed 2 %, and in the future it is planned to reach 60 %.
ПРОБЛЕМА ОТХОДОВ В РОССИИ: СТАТИСТИКА, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И УТИЛИЗАЦИЯ
Authors: О.А. Александриди 
Published: November 2024

В данной статье рассматриваются проблемы экологической безопасности в сфере утилизации бытовых и промышленных отходов в окружающей среде как одного из важнейших аспектов устойчивого развития общества. В настоящее время эта проблема является одной из приоритетных и решается на мировом уровне. С появлением потребительского характера общества проблема утилизации отходов становится все более острой, что требует немедленных решений в глобальном масштабе.
This article discusses the problems of environmental safety in the field of disposal of household and industrial waste in the environment as one of the most important aspects of sustainable development of society. Currently, this problem is one of the priority and is being resolved at the global level. With the advent of the consumer nature of society, the problem of waste management becomes more acute, which requires immediate solutions on a global scale.