bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial constructive work is impaired in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and predicts left ventricular fibrosis
Authors: Galli Elena , Vitel Emilie , Schnell Frédéric , Le Rolle Virginie , Hubert Arnaud , Lederlin Mathieu , Donal Erwan 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe estimation of myocardial work by pressure strain loops (PSLs) is a totally new non‐invasive approach to assess myocardial performance, and its role in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is unknown. The aims of the present study are therefore: (a) to compare myocardial work in patients with non‐obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and in a subset of age‐matched healthy controls and (b) to assess the correlation between myocardial work and left ventricular (LV) fibrosis.DesignEighty‐two patients with non‐obstructive HCM (58 ± 14 years) and 20 age‐matched healthy subjects (58 ± 7 years, P = 0.99) underwent standard and speckle‐tracking echocardiography to assess myocardial dimensions and deformation parameters. PSLs analysis was used to estimate global myocardial constructive work (GCW) and wasted work (GWW). LV fibrosis was estimated at cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) by qualitative assessment of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and significant fibrosis was defined as LGE in ≥2 LV segments.ResultsGlobal constructive work (1599 ± 423 vs 2248 ± 249 mm Hg%, P < 0.0001) was significantly reduced in HCM compared to the control group. No difference was observed in GWW (141 ± 125 vs 101 ± 88 mm Hg%, P = 0.18) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (63 ± 13 vs 66 ± 4% P = 0.17) between the two groups. In HCM, GCW was the only predictor of LV fibrosis at multivariable analysis (OR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.08, P = 0.04). A cutoff value of 1623 mm Hg% (AUC 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66–0.93, P < 0.0001) was able to predict myocardial fibrosis with a good sensitivity and fair specificity (82% and 67%, respectively).ConclusionsGlobal constructive work is significantly reduced in HCM despite normal LVEF and is associated with the LV fibrosis as assessed by LGE.
The perceived knowledge, skill and clinical practice of psychologists, naturopaths and fitness instructors when working with eating disorders
Authors: Worsfold Kate A. , Sheffield Jeanie K. 
Published: November 2018

AimsWhen it comes to working with eating disorders (EDs), few studies have explored: the clinical practice; service provision barriers; and self‐perceptions of knowledge/skill and the ability to detect EDs in practice against measured ability to do so, of common health providers including psychologists, naturopaths and fitness instructors.MethodsOf the 115 participants, 90.4% were female with a mean age of 40.77 years (SD = 10.80 years) and comprised: 35 psychologists, 50 naturopathic and 30 fitness practitioners. Participants completed a 23‐item survey measuring clinical practice behaviours including assessment and early intervention services, practitioner service barriers, perceived ED knowledge and skill.ResultsOnly 1 in 20 indicated using standardized surveys to screen for EDs, with 72% indicating reluctance to universally screen clients, with a key barrier being that ED symptoms were typically not the presenting issue. For practitioners who missed detecting EDs in practice, 53.6% indicated this was because weight fell within the normal range or because the client did not present with an ED so they did not think to screen for one (39.29%). In terms of interventions, most (79%) were providing services to clients with EDs, with over one‐third providing weight‐loss advice, potentially contributing to a harmful weight‐centric/dieting treatment approach. Despite most practitioners delivering services, 85.7% felt unable to treat some clients appropriately, primarily due to a lack of skill (52.6%).ConclusionsFurther training is imperative to improve universal screening and evidence‐based early intervention practices, which may be particularly helpful for naturopaths and fitness instructors who more commonly perceived their knowledge to be low.
A scheduling algorithm for applications in a cloud computing system with communication changes
Authors: Shao Xia , Xie Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a scheduling algorithm to solve the problem of task scheduling in a cloud computing system with time‐varying communication conditions. This algorithm converts the scheduling problem with communication changes into a directed acyclic graph (DAG) scheduling problem for existing fuzzy communication task nodes, that is, the scheduling problem for a communication‐change DAG (CC‐DAG). The CC‐DAG contains both computation task nodes and communication task nodes. First, this paper proposes a weighted time‐series network bandwidth model to solve the indefinite processing time (cost) problem for a fuzzy communication task node. This model can accurately predict the processing time of a fuzzy communication task node. Second, to address the scheduling order problem for the computation task nodes, a dynamic pre‐scheduling search strategy (DPSS) is proposed. This strategy computes the essential paths for the pre‐scheduling of the computation task nodes based on the actual computation costs (times) of the computation task nodes and the predicted processing costs (times) of the fuzzy communication task nodes during the scheduling process. The computation task node with the longest essential path is scheduled first because its completion time directly influences the completion time of the task graph. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed algorithm via simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed DPSS produced remarkable performance improvement rate on the total execution time that ranges between 11.5% and 21.2%. In view of the experimental results, the proposed algorithm provides better quality scheduling solution that is suitable for scientific application task execution in the cloud computing environment than HEFT, PEFT, and CEFT algorithms.
Are specialist funds “special”?
Authors: Fricke Daniel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the relation between portfolio overlap and performance diversity. Using data on actively managed U.S. equity mutual funds, I find that the pairwise portfolio overlap between individual funds has increased over time and is significant compared to various randomized benchmarks. These findings motivate the main question of this paper, namely whether specialist funds (those with low levels of portfolio overlap with other funds) differ significantly from funds with high levels of overlap. Here, I find that these specialists differ with regard to certain portfolio‐ and fund‐specific characteristics, but they do not appear to outperform other funds.
Antagonistic governance in South African fruit global production networks: a neo‐Gramscian perspective
Authors: ALFORD MATTHEW 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGovernance is a core focus of the global value chain (GVC) and global production network (GPN) literatures. Recent research claims ‘complementary’ or ‘synergistic’ governance, achieved through the confluence of private, public and civil society actors, is required for sustainable social gains. While moving beyond a narrow focus on economic coordination, such analysis lacks a sufficiently nuanced examination of power relations. In this article, I draw on neo‐Gramscian perspectives to account for ongoing contestation, positing that governance needs to be understood in the context of a broader hegemonic project. ‘Antagonistic governance’ is proposed to conceptualize contestation within and across diverse initiatives, which forge, challenge and transform hegemonic stability in GVC/GPNs. I explore this through the South African fruit sector, in particular, a labour crisis in 2012/13. I argue that we need to move beyond apolitical readings of governance to account for the material and discursive practices through which contestation gets played out, compromises are forged, and hegemonic order is maintained.
Assessing changes in some facial signs of fatigue in Chinese women, induced by a single working day
Authors: Flament F. , Qiu H. , Abric A. , Charbonneau A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe impacts of physical fatigue upon some facial signs, induced by a whole day work, have been previously described on Caucasian women. This study aimed at assessing those possibly experienced by Chinese working women under comparable conditions.Material and MethodsStandard photographs of 60 Chinese women working in the same company (aged 20–40 years) were taken at three occasions during their working day (just before, at 4 and 8 h). Focusing on facial signs allowed a panel of experts to grade their respective severities, helped by a referential atlas dedicated to Asian skin. A naïve panel, comprising 64 Chinese women (aged 20–60 years) graded, through an analogic 0–10 scale, the global facial aspect of each subject, particularly its tired‐look and dullness and estimated the age of each subject (perceived age). Paired‐comparisons in blind and random modes (T0/T4, T4/T8, T0/T8) allowed this naive panel to assess the subjects with a younger/older look, a dullest aspect.ResultsA daily work induces, in Chinese women, changes in some facial signs (Nasolabial, Periorbital and Inter‐ocular wrinkles, Cheek skin pores). The latter appear more marked between T0 and T4 than between T4 and T8. As compared to those observed among Caucasian women, these changes, although subtle, are of a higher amplitude and concern different facial signs. The naïve panel allowed to describe an increase in the tired look and dullness along the day, more so among the older group (31–40 years), together with an increased perceived age. Tired look, dullness and perceived age appear strongly linked.ConclusionDespite some possible differences in working conditions, some facial signs of Chinese women seem more affected by a fatigue induced by a working day in urban environment, than those of Caucasian women in similar conditions.
Biofilm model systems for root canal disinfection: a literature review
Authors: Swimberghe R. C. D. , Coenye T. , De Moor R. J. G. , Meire M. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this review was to present an overview of laboratory root canal biofilm model systems described in the endodontic literature and to critically appraise the various factors that constitute these models. The electronic databases MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched up to and including December 2016 to identify laboratory studies using endodontic biofilm models. The following search terms were used in various combinations: biofilm, root canal, in vitro, endodontic, bacteria, root canal infection model, colony‐forming unit. Only English papers from journals with an impact factor were selected. The records were screened by two reviewers, and full‐text articles were assessed according to pre‐defined criteria. The following data were extracted from the included studies: the microbial composition of the biofilm, the substrate, growth conditions, validation and quantification. Seventy‐seven articles met the inclusion criteria. In the majority (86%) of the studies, a monospecies biofilm was cultured. In two studies, a dual‐species biofilm was grown; others cultivated a multispecies biofilm, containing at least three species. Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently used test species (in 79% of all studies, 92% of the monospecies studies). Four studies used an inoculum derived directly from the oral cavity. Human dentine was the most frequently used substratum (88% of the studies). Incubation times differed considerably, ranging from one to seventy days. The most common quantification method (in 87% of the studies) was bacterial culturing, followed by microscopy techniques. The variation in laboratory root canal biofilm model systems is notable. Because of substantial variation in experimental parameters, it is difficult to compare results between studies. This demonstrates the need for a more standardized approach and a validated endodontic biofilm model.
The impact of corporate fraud on director‐interlocked firms: Evidence from bank loans
Authors: Lai Tat‐kei , Lei Adrian C.H. , Song Frank M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe examine the impact of corporate fraud committed by one firm (the “fraudulent firm”) on other firms with interlocking directors (the “interlocked firms”), focusing on the debtholder side. We argue that the revelation of a fraudulent firm's fraud can damage the reputation of the interlocked firms because corporate governance can propagate via director interlocks. Empirically, we find that the interlocked firms' cost of debt is higher and the loan covenants become stricter after the fraud cases of the fraudulent firms are revealed. Consistent with the corporate governance propagation explanation, our results are weaker (stronger) for interlocked firms that have better (worse) pre‐event corporate governance standards. Our findings suggest that corporate fraud of fraudulent firms can affect other firms through director‐interlocks beyond shareholder value.
Evolutionary and demographic correlates of Pleistocene coastline changes in the Sicilian wall lizardPodarcis wagleriana
Authors: Senczuk Gabriele , Harris D. James , Castiglia Riccardo , Litsi Mizan Viktoria , Colangelo Paolo , Canestrelli Daniele , Salvi Daniele 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimEmergence of coastal lowlands during Pleistocene ice ages might have provided conditions for glacial expansions (demographic and spatial), rather than contraction, of coastal populations of temperate species. Here, we tested these predictions in the insular endemic Sicilian wall lizardPodarcis wagleriana.LocationSicily and neighbouring islands.MethodsWe sampled 179 individuals from 45 localities across the whole range ofP. wagleriana. We investigated demographic and spatial variations through time using Bayesian coalescent models (Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction, Extended Bayesian Skyline plots, Isolation‐with‐migration models) based on multilocusDNAsequence data. We used species distribution modelling to reconstruct present and past habitat suitability.ResultsWe found two main lineages distributed in the east and west portions of the current species range and a third lineage restricted to a small area in the north of Sicily. Multiple lines of evidence from palaeogeographic (shorelines), palaeoclimatic (species distribution models), and multilocus genetic data (demographic and spatial Bayesian reconstructions) indicate that these lineages originated in distinct refugia, located in the north‐western and south‐eastern coastal lowlands, during Middle Pleistocene interglacial phases, and came into secondary contact following demographic and spatial expansions during the last glacial phase.Main conclusionsThis scenario of interglacial contraction and glacial expansion is in sharp contrast with patterns commonly observed in temperate species on the continent but parallels recent findings on other Mediterranean island endemics. Such a reverse expansion–contraction (EC) dynamic has been likely associated with glacial increases of climatically suitable coastal lowlands, suggesting this might be a general pattern in Mediterranean island species and also in other coastal regions strongly affected by glacial marine regressions during glacial episodes. This study provides explicit predictions and some methodological recommendations for testing the reverseECmodel in other region and taxa.
Quantitative investigation of Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) infection and relative condition factor in cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel)
Authors: Shin Sang Phil , Sohn Han Chang , Jin Chang Nam , Kang Bong Jo , Lee Jehee 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnteromyxum leei has been reported to cause emaciation disease in various fish species. To determine the effect of parasite intensity on cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, we investigated the relationship between the relative condition factor (rCF = CF/standard CF × 100) and parasite load with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the challenge test. A total of 57 cultured olive flounders were obtained from 11 fish farms and divided into five groups based on their rCF. We investigated the parasite intensity in the posterior intestine of the fish. The parasite load was closely matched to severe loss of body weight. In addition, olive flounders were inoculated either orally or anally with intestinal scrapings of infected fish or phosphate‐buffered saline. The fish were reared at natural water temperature and transferred to different tanks, and the water temperature was adjusted to 20°C after 6 weeks of inoculation. When the water temperature was increased to 20°C, the rCF decreased in the experimentally infected group. The results demonstrated that qPCR can be utilized to determine the relative abundance of E. leei in olive flounders and water temperature is an important factor to track the progress of the emaciation disease.
Resistance of pearlspot larvae, Etroplus suratensis, to redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus by immersion challenge
Authors: Marappan Makesh , Rengarajan Aathithya , Nallala Venkata Satyanarayana , Sukumaran Krishna , Bera Aritra , Sivaramakrishnan Thirugnamurty , Thiagarajan Govindarajan , Kailasam Muniyandi , Koyadan Kizhakedath Vijayan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractViral nervous necrosis (VNN) affects more than 120 species mostly belonging to the order Perciformes. However, none of the brackishwater species belonging to the family Cichlidae under the order Perciformes are reported to be susceptible. Hence, the present experiment was undertaken to study the susceptibility of the brackishwater cichlid, pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis to NNV. Thirty‐day‐old pearlspot larvae were infected with NNV by immersion. Mortality was recorded till 14 days post‐infection, and the infected larvae were subjected to nested RT‐PCR and histology. The virus was isolated from infected larvae using SSN‐1 cells. To study the replication of the virus in vitro, primary cultured brain cells of E. suratensis and IEK cells were infected with NNV. No mortality was observed in any of the control or experimentally infected larvae. However, the experimentally infected larvae were positive for NNV by nested RT‐PCR and the virus was isolated using SSN‐1 cells. Further, the infected pearlspot brain cells and IEK cells showed cytopathic effect at second and third passage of the virus and they were positive for NNV by nested RT‐PCR. Pearlspot is relatively resistant to VNN although the virus could replicate in the larvae and in cell culture.
HNRNP Q suppresses polyglutamine huntingtin aggregation by post‐transcriptional regulation of vaccinia‐related kinase 2
Authors: Ryu Hye Guk , Kim Sangjune , Lee Saebom , Lee Eunju , Kim Hyo‐Jin , Kim Do‐Yeon , Kim Kyong‐Tai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMisfolded proteins with abnormal polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion cause neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. Recently, it was found that polyQ aggregates accumulate as a result of vaccinia‐related kinase 2 (VRK2)‐mediated degradation of TCP‐1 ring complex (TRiC)/chaperonin‐containing TCP‐1 (CCT), which has an essential role in the prevention of polyQ protein aggregation and cytotoxicity. The levels of VRK2 are known to be much higher in actively proliferating cells but are maintained at a low level in the brain via an unknown mechanism. Here, we found that basal levels of neuronal cell‐specific VRK2 mRNA are maintained by post‐transcriptional, rather than transcriptional, regulation. Moreover, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q (HNRNP Q) specifically binds to the 3ʹuntranslated region of VRK2 mRNA in neuronal cells to reduce the mRNA stability. As a result, we found a dramatic decrease in CCT4 protein levels in response to a reduction in HNRNP Q levels, which was followed by an increase in polyQ aggregation in human neuroblastoma cells and mouse cortical neurons. Taken together, these results provide new insights into how neuronal HNRNP Q decreases VRK2 mRNA stability and contributes to the prevention of Huntington's disease, while also identifying new prognostic markers of HD.
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Histochemical Observation of Alkaline Phosphatase in Endometrial Abnormalities
Authors: Tsukada Hidehiro , Ohta Toshiharu , Shiraki Shinichirou , Noda Katsumi 
Published: November 2018

Histochemical observation was made to determine alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and its isoenzyme fractions on normal endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma.Normal endometrium showed a cyclic change in the ALP reaction during the phase of menstruation; the ALP reaction was positive in proliferative and early secretory phase but negative in late secretory phase. Normal endometrial ALP was thought to be one of the hormone‐dependent enzymes. Heat‐stable ALP fraction (HSAP) was not observed in normal endometrium.All cases with endometrial hyperplasia showed a positive ALP reaction, and HSAP was observed in 8.3% of cystic glandular hyperplasia and 45.5% of adenomato us hyperplasia.All cases with endometrial adenocarcinoma showed a positive ALP reaction. In general, well and moderately differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma showed on strongly positive ALP reaction while a weakly positive ALP reaction was observed in poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. It was suggested that the ALP reactivity of endometrial adenocarcinoma reflected the degrees of cell differentiation. HSAP was observed in 20% of endometrial adenocarcinoma.The occurrence of HSAP was interpreted as the reversion of ALP to the placental ALP followed by endometrial carcinogenesis.
Surveillances, Social Management, and Architectural Morphologies: An approach to the Prison and the Hospital in 19th Century Spain
Authors: Fraile Pedro , Bonastra Quim 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSurveillance is one of the key aspects of the economic and social system in which we live. Its relevance is growing, due in part to technical advances and in part to complex social dynamics and the magnitude of certain conflicts. In this article we discuss the analytical framework formulated by Bauman, in which he contrasts the concepts of liquid and solid surveillance, and we introduce the concepts of inquisitive and coercive surveillance. We examine the genesis and evolution of both types of surveillance by analyzing public health and penitentiary strategies, particularly in 19th century Spain, as well as those of their respective institutions—the hospital and the prison—with special focus on their spatial manifestations and the divergence between the paths taken in the health‐care and penitentiary spheres.