bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation concentration in the Sardinia region (Italy)
Authors: Caloiero Tommaso , Coscarelli Roberto , Gaudio Roberto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent studies evidenced that extreme daily rainfall often increases in spite of a decrease of the total rainfall. For this reason, the analysis of daily precipitation concentration is an important issue in climate research and can be useful to evaluate risks linked to extreme rainfall events. In this paper, an analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of the daily precipitation concentration in the Sardinia region, the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, has been performed for the period 1922–2011 by applying the Concentration Index. First, the CI has been evaluated at annual and seasonal scale. Then, the coefficient of variation, and the 5th and 95th percentiles of the annual CI values were calculated and mapped as a set of descriptors of variability and extreme characterization of precipitation concentration across the study area. Finally, in order to evaluate the temporal evolution of the CI, a trend analysis has been also performed using the Mann–Kendall test. Results show CI values ranging from a minimum of 0.477 to a maximum of 0.723. Spatially, the region can be divided in two parts with opposite behaviours: the western side characterized by a more uniform temporal distribution of rainfall intensity and the eastern side with the most critical intensity and aggressiveness of rainfall. From a seasonal point of view, this spatial gradient was evidenced in winter, spring and autumn while summer showed a more homogeneous spatial distribution of CI. The spatial distribution of the coefficient of variation did not show any spatial gradient between the two sides of the region, both at annual and seasonal scale. As regards the trend analysis, a marked positive trend of the CI has been detected, thus indicating a tendency towards more intense and aggressive rainfall. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High spatial resolution climatology of drought events for Spain: 1961–2014
Authors: Domínguez‐Castro Fernando , Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Tomás‐Burguera Miquel , Peña‐Gallardo Marina , Beguería Santiago , El Kenawy Ahmed , Luna Yolanda , Morata Ana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study characterizes the climatology of drought events over the mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands using high‐resolution (1.21 km2) meteorological data from 1961 to 2014. The climatology of drought was assessed based on two widely‐recognized drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), considering four different timescales (1‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐months). Drought events were simply defined as sequences of months with negative values of the indices. We analysed the spatial and temporal variability of the frequency, duration and magnitude of the drought events. In general, the frequency of drought events is higher in the northern than in the southern regions. Conversely, the average duration and magnitude of the drought events in central and southwestern regions duplicate those recorded in northern areas. Although drought characteristics exhibit a general north–south gradient irrespective of the drought timescale and the drought index analysed, we found important spatial differences in terms of both drought duration and severity. As opposed to the SPI, the SPEI shows, on average, higher drought durations and magnitudes at 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐months timescales. Albeit of the absence of significant temporal changes in drought duration or magnitude at the regional scale, a nonsignificant tendency toward higher drought duration and magnitude is observed over the majority of Spain. Our result provide valuable guidance to stakeholders and decision‐makers on detecting, monitoring and adapting to drought impacts at local, regional and national scale in Spain.
Gait Mechanics in Women of the ACL‐SPORTS Randomized Control Trial: Interlimb Symmetry Improves Over Time Regardless of Treatment Group
Authors: Capin Jacob J , Zarzycki Ryan , Ito Naoaki , Khandha Ashutosh , Dix Celeste , Manal Kurt , Buchanan Thomas S , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWomen after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) are more likely than men to exhibit asymmetric movement patterns, which are associated with post‐traumatic osteoarthritis. We developed the ACL specialized post‐operative return‐to‐sports (ACL‐SPORTS) randomized control trial to test the effect of strength, agility, plyometric, and secondary prevention (SAPP) training with and without perturbation training (SAPP + PERT) on gait mechanics in women after ACLR. We hypothesized that movement symmetry would improve over time across both groups but more so among the SAPP + PERT group. Thirty‐nine female athletes 3–9 months after primary ACLR were randomized to SAPP or SAPP + PERT training. Biomechanical testing during overground walking occurred before (Pre‐training) and after (Post‐training) training and one and 2 years post‐operatively. Hip and knee kinematic and kinetic variables were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections for post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05). There was a time by limb interaction effect (p = 0.028) for peak knee flexion angle (PKFA), the primary outcome which powered the study, characterized by smaller PKFA in the involved compared to uninvolved limbs across treatment groups at Pre‐training, Post‐training, and 1 year, but not 2 years. Similar findings occurred across sagittal plane knee excursions and kinetics and hip extension excursion at midstance. There were no meaningful interactions involving group. Neither SAPP nor SAPP + PERT training improved walking mechanics, which persisted 1 but not 2 years after ACLR. Statement of clinical significance: Asymmetrical movement patterns persisted long after participants achieved symmetrical strength and functional performance, suggesting more time is needed to recover fully after ACLR. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1743–1753, 2019
Efficacy of Combining PRP and MMP Inhibitors in Treating Moderately Damaged Tendons Ex Vivo
Authors: Jafari Leila , Hassanisaber Hamid , Savard Martin , Gobeil Fernand , Langelier Eve 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and broad‐spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) have been used as therapeutic options for tendinopathy. However, mixed results have been reported regarding their efficacy. We posited that the combination of these two treatment strategies would be more beneficial for healing tendons than each treatment alone. Rat tail tendons were harvested and cultured without mechanical stress for 0, 4, or 10 days. Single and combination treatment with PRP and MMPIs with either broad‐ or narrow‐spectrum (MMP‐13 selective), was administered to 4‐day stress‐deprived (SD) tendons, an ex vivo model for moderate tendinopathy. This treatment was applied to the damaged tendons over 6 days. At the end of their culture time, the tendons were subjected to traction testing and pathohistology, immunohistochemistry, and viability assays. The results showed better histological features for the PRP + narrow‐spectrum MMPI group compared with all individual treatment modalities. Moreover, higher fiber density, more elongated nucleus shape, smaller space between fibers, and a trend toward higher mechanical strength were noted for PRP + narrow‐spectrum MMPI group compared with 10‐day SD tendons. This study shows that the combination of PRP + narrow‐spectrum MMPI is a potentially effective treatment approach for tendinopathy. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1838–1847, 2019
Brown Fat Promotes Muscle Growth During Regeneration
Authors: Bryniarski Anna R , Meyer Gretchen A 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAccumulation of adipose tissue around and within muscles is highly correlated with reduced strength, functional limitations, and poor rehabilitative outcomes. Given the intimate physical contact between these tissues, paracrine cross‐talk is a likely mediator of this association. The recent discovery that muscle‐associated adipose tissue exhibits features of beige fat has suggested that this cross‐talk may be modifiable, as beige fat can be stimulated to assume features of brown fat. In this work, we describe a novel intermuscular fat transplant model in the mouse rotator cuff to investigate cross‐talk between muscle and adipose tissue. Specifically, we examine the role of transplanted fat phenotype on muscle regeneration by transplanting pieces of classical brown (interscapular), beige (inguinal), or white (epididymal) adipose tissue in conjunction with cardiotoxin injection to the adjacent supraspinatus muscle. Transplantation of brown fat, but not beige or white, significantly increased muscle mass, fiber cross‐sectional area and contractile force production compared with sham injury. This effect was not seen when cardiotoxin was delivered to a distant muscle, or when adjacent muscles were injected with saline indicating that the effect is localized and specifically targeting the regenerative process. Thus, we conclude that local signaling between fat and muscle varies by phenotype and that brown fat supports regeneration. Clinical significance: Our findings suggest that the phenotype of muscle‐associated fat could be a novel therapeutic target to modulate fat‐muscle signaling. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1817–1826, 2019
Rapid simultaneous quantification of fructooligosaccharides in Morinda officianalis by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Hao Qingxiu , Nan Tiegui , Zhou Li , Kang Liping , Guo Lanping , Yu Yi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany Chinese herbal medicines with tonifying effects contain high levels of inulin fructooligosaccharides. These herbal medicines have high development and utilization value because of their effects against dementia, depression, and oxidative stress; on improving learning and memory ability; and on enhancing immunity. In this study, a method was developed for the separation and simultaneous quantitation of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and ten inulin fructooligosaccharides by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection within 10 min. Separation was performed on an Amide column with gradient elution. The calibration curves for the 13 constituents showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9991). The limits of detection and quantification were 10.78–33.44 and 35.94–124.81 μg/mL, respectively, and the recoveries ranged from 98.90 to 103.67%. This method was successfully used to quantify the 13 constituents in the Chinese herbal medicine Morinda officinalis. The contents of the ten inulin fructooligosaccharides ranged from 56.28 to 60.71%. This method is accurate, rapid and simple and can be used for quantitative analysis in the quality control of herbal medicines and functional foods.
Use of autoclave extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for determination of maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco
Authors: Deng Huimin , Bian Zhaoyang , Yang Fei , Liu Shanshan , Li Zhonghao , Fan Ziyan , Wang Ying , Tang Gangling 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMaleic hydrazide has been extensively used as an effective growth regulator in tobacco sucker control. After application, maleic hydrazide distributes itself throughout the tobacco plant where it can exist as free, or forms glucoside conjugates with glucose, or becomes bound with lignin. Among them, free maleic hydrazide and its glucoside conjugates are extractable under conventional solvent extraction, while lignin bound maleic hydrazide is claimed to be non‐extractable. Herein, an autoclave extraction method has been developed to extract maleic hydrazide effectively, in which tobacco samples are extracted in an autoclave at 130°C for 1 h using 4 M hydrochloric acid. Under such pressurized hot acidic water conditions, lignin bound maleic hydrazide can be released. Meanwhile, glucoside conjugates are hydrolyzed. Total maleic hydrazide is detected by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantitative results coincide well with that obtained from the international standard method. The proposed autoclave extraction with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method exhibits excellent linearity in the range of 5–200 mg/kg (R2 = 0.9998), the matrix matched limit of detection and limit of quantification is 0.68 and 2.27 mg/kg, respectively. This method is simple and improves sample capacity, providing an effective approach to monitoring maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco.
MicroRNA‐103 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma through targeting TIMP‐3 and the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Zhao Yigang , Gu Xiao , Wang Yanpeng 
Published: May 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo verify how microRNA‐103 (miR‐103) is involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) development.Study DesignResearch on the relationship between miR‐103 and NPC.MethodsTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐3 (TIMP‐3) was identified as the theoretical target gene of miR‐103, and its regulatory mechanism in NPC was explored by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, MTT, transwell, and luciferase reporter assays.ResultsMiR‐103 was upregulated whereas TIMP‐3 was markedly decreased in NPC tissue samples. Ectopic expression of miR‐103 promoted NPC cell viability, migration, and invasion. In vitro assay showed that TIMP‐3 recovered miR‐103–mediated promotion of NPC cell viability, migration, and invasion. The expression of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway markers (β‐catenin and cyclin D1) were enhanced after miR‐103 overexpression.ConclusionsMiR‐103 might play a key role in NPC carcinogenesis by targeting TIMP‐3 and affecting the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130:E75–E82, 2020
Weekly dynamics of abundance and size structure of specific nanophytoplankton lineages in coastal waters (Baltic Sea)
Authors: Piwosz Kasia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNanophytoplankton, the key component of algal communities, remains understudied, thus there is a substantial knowledge gap about dynamics of abundance, biovolume, and cell size of specific algae. Here, I studied weekly changes in abundance, biovolume, cell volume, and cell surface to volume (SV) ratio (> 11,700 cells measured) of specific nanophytoplankton groups using amplicon sequencing and catalyzed reported deposition‐fluorescence in situ hybridization. I applied oligonucleotide probes to study major nanophytoplankton groups: chlorophytes, chrysophytes, pelagophytes, cryptophytes, pedinellids, and haptophytes. I designed three novel probes, two for pedinellid species Apedinella radians and Pseudopedinella elastica, and for a haptophyte genus Haptolina. Chlorophytes were the most abundant group, followed by haptophytes and cryptophytes. Abundance and biovolume of specific groups showed distinct seasonal dynamics and fluctuated up to 100‐fold within a week. Different groups contributed to nanophytoplankton peaks over the season, and this pattern was consistent down to a genus/species level, as shown for cryptophytes, pedinellids, and haptophytes. Inorganic nutrients were the best explanatory variables for abundance and biovolume, but their importance varied for specific groups. Thus, the differences in seasonal dynamics of different algal groups can be explained by temporal niche separation between them. Changes in nanophytoplankton size structure were substantial, and cell volume varied over 104‐fold. However, the size dynamics (variability in cell volume and SV ratio) was lower at genus/species level, indicating changes in nanophytoplankton size structure likely resulted from changes in community composition. Temperature and nutrients best explained the size dynamics, but their explanatory power differed for specific nanophytoplankton groups.
The multiple roles of the unfolded protein response regulator IRE1α in cancer
Authors: Chalmers Fiona , Mogre Saie , Son Jeongin , Blazanin Nicholas , Glick Adam B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCancer is associated with a number of conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, cellular redox, and pH changes that result in accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trigger a stress response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is a conserved cellular survival mechanism mediated by the ER transmembrane proteins activating transcription factor 6, protein kinase‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) that act to resolve ER stress and promote cell survival. IRE1α is a kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase) with multiple activities including unconventional splicing of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for the transcription factor X‐Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1), degradation of other mRNAs in a process called regulated IRE1α‐dependent decay (RIDD) and activation of a pathway leading to c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase phosphorylation. Each of these outputs plays a role in the adaptive and cell death responses to ER stress. Many studies indicate an important role for XBP1 and RIDD functions in cancer and new studies suggest that these two functions of the IRE1α RNase can have opposing functions in the early and later stages of cancer pathogenesis. Finally, as more is learned about the context‐dependent role of IRE1α in cancer development, specific small molecule inhibitors and activators of IRE1α could play an important role in counteracting the protective shield provided by ER stress signaling in cancer cells.
Pear Extract and Malaxinic Acid Reverse Obesity, Adipose Tissue Inflammation, and Hepatosteatosis in Mice
Authors: Truong Xuan T. , Nguyen Thuy T. P. , Kang Man‐Jong , Jung Chang Hwa , Lee Sueun , Moon Changjong , Moon Jae‐Hak , Jeon Tae‐Il 
Published: May 2019

ScopeObesity and diabetes are major public health problems and are emerging as pandemics. Considerable evidence suggests that pear fruit consumption is associated with a lower risk of obesity‐related complications. Thus, the present study is conducted to investigate the therapeutic potential of pear extract (PE) for reversing obesity and associated metabolic complications in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice.Methods and resultsObesity is induced in male C57BL/6 mice fed a high‐fat diet for 11 weeks. After the first 6 weeks on the diet, obese mice are administered vehicle or PE for 5 weeks. PE treatment decreases body weight gain, expands white adipose tissue (WAT), and causes hepatic steatosis in obese mice, as well as inhibits adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance are improved by PE. In addition, PE reduces macrophage infiltration and expression of pro‐inflammatory genes and deactivates mitogen‐activated protein kinases in WAT. Finally, malaxinic acid is identified as an active component responsible for the anti‐obesity effects of PE in mice.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that PE supplementation ameliorates diet‐induced obesity and associated metabolic complications and suggest the health‐beneficial effects of both pear fruits and malaxinic acid in counteracting these diseases.
35Cl NQR frequency and spin lattice relaxation study in 3,4‐dichloronitrobenzene as a function of temperature and pressure
Authors: Ramu Loganathan , Kuppan Narendra , Ramesh Keralapura Parthasarathy , Chandramani Rattihalli , Ramananda Daivagna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract35Cl NQR frequency and spin lattice relaxation time in 3,4‐dichloronitrobenzene have been measured as a function of temperature and pressure. Two NQR signals were observed in the temperature range 77 to 300 K and pressure up to 5.1 kbar at 300 K. The contributions to the relaxation from the torsional motion of the molecule and reorientational motion of the nitro group have been analyzed on the basis of the Woessner and Gutowsky model. The temperature dependence of the average torsional lifetimes of the molecules, transition probabilities, and the activation energy for the reorientation of the nitro group was estimated.The pressure dependence of the NQR frequency in 3,4‐Dichloronitrobenzene shows a nonlinear increase in NQR frequency with increase in pressure, indicating increased contribution from the static effects at higher pressures. A thermodynamic analysis of the data was carried out to determine the constant‐volume temperature coefficients of the NQR frequency. The spin–lattice relaxation was found to be weakly dependent on pressure.
Accuracy and Precision of Age Estimates Obtained from Three Calcified Structures for Known-Age Kokanee
Authors: Branigan Philip R. , Meyer Kevin A. , Wahl Nicholas C. , Corsi Matthew P. , Dux Andrew M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka growth is often density dependent; thus, proper management of kokanee populations necessitates an understanding of population dynamics using age structure data. To date, no calcified structures have been validated for kokanee. We compared the accuracy (i.e., the percentage of reconciled age estimates that matched the known ages of fish) and precision (i.e., the percentage of fish for which complete agreement was achieved on age estimates among all readers) of aging estimates for scales, sectioned otoliths, and sectioned pectoral fin rays from 455 known-age kokanee (ages 0–4) collected from five lentic waters in Idaho. Across all waters combined, mean weighted accuracy and precision were similar for scales (86% and 70%, respectively), fin rays (83% and 65%), and otoliths (82% and 65%), with no significant differences between structures. However, among water bodies, accuracy and precision of each calcified structure varied considerably. For example, scales were the most accurate and precise structure and otoliths were the least accurate and precise structure at one water body, while otoliths were the most accurate and precise structure and scales were the least accurate structure at two water bodies. Fin rays were the least precise structure at four of the five study waters, but were the least accurate structure for only one water body. Individual reader accuracy was most affected by fish age and water body, and older fish (age 3 and older) were consistently assigned incorrect ages regardless of the water body or the calcified structure. Taken collectively, all three structures produced satisfactory aging accuracy and precision for kokanee, but no structure was unequivocally best; at any individual water body, annual growth and local environmental conditions appeared to influence the readability of calcified structures.