bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-period comet C/1963 A1 (Ikeya), the probable parent body of π-Hydrids, δ-Corvids, November α-Sextantids, and ϑ-Leonids
Authors: Neslušan L. , Hajduková M. 
Published: October 2019

Aims. We study the meteoroid stream of the long-period comet C/1963 A1 (Ikeya) to predict the meteor showers originating in this comet. We also aim to identify the predicted showers with their real counterparts.
Methods. We modeled 23 parts of a theoretical meteoroid stream of the parent comet considered. Each of our models is characterized by a single value of the evolutionary time and a single value of the strength of the Poynting–Robertson effect. The evolutionary time is defined as the time before the present when the stream is modeled and when we start to follow its dynamical evolution. This period ranges from 10 000 to 80 000 yr. In each model, we considered a stream consisting of 10 000 test particles that dynamically evolve, and their dynamics is followed via a numerical integration up to the present. At the end of the integration, we analyzed the mean orbital characteristics of particles in the orbits approaching Earth’s orbit, which thus enabled us to predict a shower related to the parent comet. We attempted to identify each predicted shower with a shower recorded in the International Astronomical Union Meteor Data Center list of all showers. In addition, we tried to separate, often successfully, a real counterpart of each predicted shower from the databases of real meteors.
Results. Many modeled parts of the stream of comet C/1963 A1 are identified with the corresponding real showers in three video-meteor databases. No real counterpart is found in the IAU MDC photographic or radio-meteor data. Specifically, we predict five showers related to C/1963 A1. Two predicted showers are identified with π-Hydrids #101 and δ-Corvids #729. The third predicted shower is only vaguely similar to November α-Sextantids #483, when its mean orbit is compared with the mean orbit of the November α-Sextantids in the IAU MDC list of all showers. However, the prediction is very consistent with the corresponding showers newly separated from three video databases. Another predicted shower has no counterpart in the IAU MDC list, but there is a good match of the prediction and a shower that we separated from the Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance video data. We name this new shower ϑ-Leonids. The last of the predicted showers should be relatively low in number and, hence, no real counterparts were either found in the IAU MDC list or separated from any considered database.
Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG
Authors: Ryde N. , Hartman H. , Oliva E. , Origlia L. , Sanna N. , Rainer M. , Thorsbro B. , Dalessandro E. , Bono G. 
Published: October 2019

Context. In the advent of new infrared high-resolution spectrometers, accurate and precise atomic data in the infrared are urgently needed. Identifications, wavelengths, strengths, broadening, and hyper-fine splitting parameters of stellar lines in the near-infrared are in many cases not accurate enough to model observed spectra, and in other cases, these parameters do not even exist. Some stellar features are unidentified.
Aims. The aim with this work is to identify a spectral feature at λvac = 1063.891 nm or λair = 1063.600 nm that is visible in spectra of stars of different spectral types that are observed with the GIANO-B spectrometer.
Methods. The search for spectral lines to match the unidentified feature in line lists from standard atomic databases was not successful. However, by investigating the original published laboratory data, we were able to identify the feature and solve the problem. To confirm its identification, we modelled the presumed stellar line in the solar intensity spectrum and found an excellent match.
Results. We find that the observed spectral feature is a stellar line originating from the 4s′–4p′ transition in S I, and that the reason for its absence in atomic line databases is a neglected air-to-vacuum correction in the original laboratory measurements from 1967 for this line only. From interpolation we determine the laboratory wavelength of the S I line to be λvac = 1063.8908 nm or λair = 1063.5993 nm, and the excitation energy of the upper level to be 9.74978 eV.
Pyrylium Salts: Selective Reagents for the Activation of Primary Amino Groups in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Pang Yue , Moser Daniel , Cornella Josep 
Published: October 2019

Primary amino groups represent an ubiquitous category of functionalities in synthetic building blocks, drugs, and natural products. Therefore, such functionalities offer themselves as perfect handles for late-stage functionalization, and the development of robust and efficient strategies to transform these groups is highly desirable. Despite the extremely challenging activation of the C–N bond, the past few years have witnessed the rapid development of deaminative transformations using pyrylium salts as activating reagents. In most cases, the pyridinium salts formed were activated by single electron transfer, giving alkyl radicals which were used in a series of transformations via nickel and photoredox catalysis. This short review aims to give an overview to related properties of pyrylium salts, their historical significance, and summarize the recent progress in the field of deaminative transformations using these reagents.1	Introduction2	Pyrylium and Pyridinium Salts2.1	Historical Context2.2	Structure and Reactivity2.3	Pyrylium Synthesis2.4	Historical Context of the Reactivity of Pyridinium Salts3	Recent Progress on Deaminative Transformations of Primary Amino Groups by Pyrylium Salts3.1	Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings3.2	Photoredox Catalysis and Photoinduced Reactions for C–C Bond Constructions3.3	Borylations3.4	SNAr Functionalization of Aminoheterocycles4	Conclusion
Characterization of Antimonium crudum Activity Using Solvatochromic Dyes
Authors: Bonamin Leoni Villano , Pedro Renata Rossettini Palombro , Mota Hannah Maureen G. , Aguiar Michelle S. Correia , Pinto Sandra A. G. , de Souza Jefferson , de Oliveira Larissa Helen Silva , Aparicio Ana Carla , Peres Giovani B. , Suffredini Ivana , Dutra-Correa Maristela , Cartwright Steven J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The mechanism by which highly diluted and agitated solutions have their effect is still unknown, but the development in recent years of new methods identifying changes in water and solute dipole moments is providing insights into potential modes of action.
Objective The objective of the current study was to compare the biological effects of Antimonium crudum (AC) previously obtained by our group and already described in the literature with now measurable physico-chemical effects on solvatochromic dyes.
Methods Different dilutions of AC and succussed water have been characterized with respect to their effect on the visible spectra of the solvatochromic dyes methylene violet (MV), a pyridinium phenolate (ET33), and a dimethylamino naphthalenone (BDN) compared with in-vitro action against Leishmania amazonensis-infected macrophages.
Results Dye responses varied according to the dye used and the level of AC dilution and results were found to corroborate previously published in-vivo and in-vitro effects of AC. In addition, a very significant enhancement in the absorbance increase of MV was seen using the supernatant from AC 200cH-treated cells (15%; p < 0.0001) over that seen with AC 200cH itself (4%; p = 0.034), suggesting the amplification of ultra-high dilution effects by biological systems. Furthermore, supernatants from AC-treated cells increased the range of dilutions of AC that were capable of producing effects on the spectra of MV. The effect of AC dilutions on dye ET33 was eliminated by a weak electric current passed through potency solutions.
Conclusion The data confirm a correspondence between the biological effects of dilutions of AC in-vitro and physico-chemical effects on solvatochromic dyes as measured by changes in their visible spectra. Results also indicate high dilutions of AC are sensitive to exposure to electric currents and biological systems.
Obesity Influences the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score
Authors: Larsen Peter , Engberg Anne S. , Motahar Isa , Ostgaard Svend E. , Elsoe Rasmus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose The primary aim of this study was to report the outcome of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 35.
Methods This is a prospective cohort study, including patients referred with the aim of planning bariatric surgery between October 2015 and January 2017. The primary outcome measurement was KOOS. An experienced radiologist obtained and evaluated standard radiological osteoarthritis examinations of the knee joints.
Results The mean age was 43.1 years, and ages ranged from 24 to 69 years. The mean BMI was 48.3, and BMI ranged from 35 to 66. Results show that obese patients reported significantly worse in the KOOS subscales pain, activities of daily living, sport, and quality of life (QOL) compared with a reference population, due to nonoverlapping 95% confidence intervals. No significant differences between obese and superobese patients were observed on the KOOS subscales (p > 0.08). The KOOS subscales showed worse outcome with increasing severity of radiological knee osteoarthritis; however, only significant differences were observed for the KOOS subscales sport and QOL (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Results imply that the KOOS scores vary significantly with obesity. When utilizing KOOS outcome, considering obesity in the interpretation of outcome is highly recommended.
Level of Evidence This is an observational, level III study.
Detachment of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris and Anterior Branches of the Radial Collateral Ligament from the Epicondyle: A Modification of Kocher Lateral Approach for the Treatment of Radial Head Fractures
Authors: Touloupakis Georgios , Biancardi Elena , Ghirardelli Stefano , Antonini Guido , Crippa Cornelio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to present clinical results of a retrospective case series that includes patients treated with an extensive modification of the Kocher lateral approach to the elbow with surgical detachment of the anterior branches of the radial collateral ligament.
Methods From January 2016 to January 2018, nine patients with closed isolated displaced or multifragmentary radial head fractures (Mason type II, III, or IV) who underwent osteosynthesis or arthroplasty through a modified Kocher lateral elbow approach were available for follow-up.
Results There were six female and three male patients. The median age at the time of surgery was 52 years old (range: 26–70). The dominant upper limb was injured in 22.2% of patients. After a median follow-up of 8 (range: 6–27) months, all patients regained completely all their daily activities and no cases of infections were recorded.
Conclusion We believe that the approach proposed can be a useful choice to deal with these challenging injuries. Our strategy may represent a valid alternative to more popular approaches as the use of anchors decreases the risk of instability that is the major danger considered in the past when soft tissues as tendons and ligaments are detached.
Level of Evidence This is a level IV study (therapeutic case series).
An Unusual Complication after Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Solarino Giuseppe , Maccagnano Giuseppe , Saracino Michele , Moretti Biagio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOne-stage or two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in periprosthetic joint infections has been at the center of scientific debate for many years. As regards two-stage revision TKA, cement spacers have a good infection control rate with successful results reportable up to 96%, though some studies describe related spacer complications such as stiffness and loss of bone stock. We report a case of a fracture close to the antibiotic-loaded cement spacer in a 74-year-old female patient. Due to the blood tests and high risk of infection, we performed a hybrid external fixator. Six months after the surgery, X-rays did not show signs of fracture consolidation and nonunion was considered as an impending complication; therefore, the decision was made to perform tumor-like total knee arthroplasty. The postoperative evolution was satisfactory and return to daily activity without pain. At the 5-year follow-up, the patient showed a good score of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and a range of motion from 0 to 90° without pain. The X-rays did not show signs of mobilization, dislocation, recurrence of infection, or other complications.
Anatomical and Radiological Study of Jugular Foramen
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Tripathi Alok , Raizaday Shobhit , Jain Shilpi , Khare Satyam , Kaushik Ram Kumar , Kausar Hina , Saxena Alok 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim The purpose of present study was to obtain comprehensive data of morphometric and anatomical details of jugular foramen.
Materials and Methods The study was performed on 30 dry adult human skulls along with computed tomography (CT) scans from 30 adult patients. The parameters observed were dimensions, shape, margins, confluence, septations, and distance from jugular foramen to mastoid base.
Result In the dry skull observations, only anteroposterior diameter (APD) was significantly different between the right and left side, while for the CT scan observations both transverse diameter and APD exhibit significant difference.
Conclusion We believe that data from the present study will help radiologists and neurosurgeons for diagnosis and treatment of skull base pathology around jugular foramen.
Portuguese as a heritage language in contact with German and
French
Authors: Flores Cristina , Santos Ana Lúcia , Almeida Letícia , Jesus Alice , Marques Rui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on the acquisition of verbal
mood in complement clauses by two groups of heritage speakers of
European Portuguese (EP) (7–16 years old) with similar sociolinguistic
profiles and two different dominant languages, German and French.
The production of finite complement clauses was elicited through a
sentence completion task. By comparing two bilingual groups with
different dominant languages (a Romance language with a subjunctive
mood encoding the same semantic values as EP and a Germanic language
with no similar linguistic category), we discuss the relative weight
of cross-linguistic influence and of amount of exposure in bilingual
acquisition. The results show protracted development of both
bilingual groups concerning the subjunctive, with no negative effect
observed in the bilingual speakers who are dominant in German. We
conclude that cross-linguistic influence cannot explain this
performance and suggest that amount of input plays a role.
Prosody-driven scrambling in Italian
Authors: Samek-Lodovici Vieri 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Italian, the syntactic layout of the
constituent following a postverbal focus affects whether its
internal components may scramble above the preceding focus. The
governing factor is the phonological phrasing projected by the
constituent. Scrambling is only possible when it improves stress
alignment with the right boundary of the intonational phrase
wrapping the sentence. This study provides further evidence that the
classic T-model where syntax feeds prosody needs to be amended and
allow for prosody-syntax interaction. As this study shows, OT
provides a possible model for such interaction that entirely
dispenses with interface-related stipulations.
On Romanian preverbal subjects
Authors: Giurgea Ion 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the generative literature on Romanian, there
is disagreement on the status of preverbal subjects: some
researchers consider that they are always fronted by topicalization
or focalization, whereas others hold that preverbal subjects that
are neither topics nor foci can be found. Based on an analysis of
the conditions for topicalization, I argue that the latter view is
correct. On the other hand, there are configurations in which a
preverbal subject must be a topic (if it is not focus-fronted). I
offer a prosodic account for the ban on SV with non-topical S in
this type of examples. Moreover, I show that oblique experiencers in
non-canonical argument structures behave like nominative subjects
with respect to the availability of an unmarked preverbal
position.
A typology of evaluative nouns
Authors: Masià Melania S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Evaluative nouns (ENs, idiota
‘idiot’, matasanos ‘quack’) do not only assign a
property, but also express a value judgment. A degree analysis
(Bolinger 1972; Matushansky 2002; Morzycki 2009) encounters
some problems, such as the controversial status of nominal
gradability and the relation between gradability and value judgment.
By focusing on Spanish data, this study shows that the defining
element for ENs is an expressive component of meaning and that these
nouns may vary on their gradability and the target of their
expressive meaning. Based on this, a typology of ENs is established.
In doing so, this paper contributes to the understanding of
evaluativity and the connection between gradability and subjectivity
in the nominal domain.
The object of explanation for linguistics
Authors: Reid Wallis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
What is the ultimate object of explanation in linguistics? What are the pre-analytical observations, the
observations against which all theoretical constructs are tested? Columbia School (CS) proposes a radical answer:
the observations in linguistics, and hence its ultimate object of explanation, are the acoustic asymmetries of the
speech continuum. This fact is responsible for the paradoxical status of meaning and communication in CS theory.
CS theory takes the communicative function of language as key to the nature of linguistic structure, yet it does
not offer a theory of communication. It analyzes linguistic structure as consisting of inventories of
meaning-bearing signs; yet it does not offer a theory of meaning which maps utterances to interpretations. This
paper articulates the reasons that CS linguistics declines to treat the interpretations of utterances as
linguistic objects in need of explanation. It also provides a detailed description of how a CS grammatical
analysis accounts for features of the acoustic asymmetries of a spoken English text, and provides an explanation
for them.
La estabilización del tema discursivo
Authors: Darwich Berenice 
Published: October 2019

Resumen
El significado de en-foco propuesto para las formas que la tradición llama pronombres
personales en español nos permite entender su aparición en situaciones de correferencia. En este trabajo se
demuestra que, en dichos contextos, el pronombre aparece cuando asoma en el contexto un competidor focal, un
participante que podría erigirse en nuevo tema discursivo en situaciones en las que el hablante quiere mantener el
mismo tema. El significado de en-foco pone sobre aviso al receptor para que preste especial
atención a este tema discursivo que el hablante quiere sostener a pesar de la presencia del competidor. Son así
los contextos correferentes sin competidor los únicos en que predomina la omisión del pronombre.
Aproximación al significado de la forma española QUE dentro de la Escuela de Columbia
Authors: Ho-Fernández Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

Resumen
En este estudio, el análisis de la forma española que (incluyente de que
y qué) se libera de las bien conocidas categorías bajo de las cuales los distintos
ques han sido clasificados dentro de la gramática tradicional: relativo, conjunción,
interrogativo, exclamativo, comparativo y perifrástico. En cambio, se postula que todos estos usos representan una
misma señal QUE con el significado se requiere más información. Se evalúan los posibles paralelismos
entre esta hipótesis y otras propuestas previamente formuladas dentro y fuera de la Escuela de Columbia. Se dedica
atención especial al problema de la presencia de que dentro de las llamadas perífrasis verbales
de “obligación”: haber/tener + que + infinitivo.
El “juego” intraparadigmático
Authors: Martínez Angelita 
Published: October 2019

Resumen
El uso variable de los clíticos lo(la) y le manifiesta,
en el español rioplatense, alta frecuencia relativa del acusativo con verbos como preocupar y
angustiar. Este empleo variable se ha instalado, incluso, con verbos que denotan
situaciones de tres participantes, tales como robar. El hecho constituye una tendencia inversa a
lo que se ha señalado como un aumento generalizado en el español de la selección del dativo sobre el acusativo.
Los clíticos comparten con la terminación verbal un paradigma de base Caso que categoriza el grado de actividad
del actante en el evento. Sobre esta base intentaremos explicar el uso variable de las formas. Exponemos datos que
apoyan una hipótesis etnopragmática relacionada, en el caso de verbos como robar, con la
necesidad comunicativa de señalar representaciones actuales sobre el delito.
Being polite in Argentina
Authors: Mauder Elisabeth , Martínez Angelita 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of Spanish pronouns in polite-address contexts, where speakers tend to
prefer the (dative) form le over the (accusative) forms lo and
la. However, previous research has shown that this does not hold for all dialects (García & Otheguy, 1983) nor for all contexts (Mauder, 2008). Based on García’s (1975)
analysis of the pronoun forms in terms of ‘degrees of activity’ we present an explanation for the distribution of
the forms and we show that the verbs and constructions used in polite-address contexts differ notably from
canonical contexts. We propose an explanation for the dialectal variation based on whether speakers use the
pronoun for commenting on the referent’s degree of activity, independently of the chosen verb.
A more perfect unification
Authors: Phan Trang , Duffield Nigel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we provide a new analysis of the Negative Constraint in Vietnamese, whereby the anterior morpheme đã loses its perfect reading in negative contexts. The Nanosyntax approach adopted here is claimed to derive this constraint without the stipulations inherent in existing formal accounts (e.g., Trinh 2005; Duffield 2017; Phan & Duffield 2016, 2019).
Illusory islands
Authors: Duffield Nigel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper offers an extended critique of an article by Bruening & Tran (2006) concerning wh-questions in Vietnamese. Drawing on both language-internal and cross-linguistic evidence, attention is brought to bear on several empirical shortcomings in Bruening & Tran’s analysis, as a result of which the constituency of wh-question constructions in this language is misrepresented. An alternative treatment is proposed which attempts to remedy these difficulties, and, in so doing, may also explain some additional distributional and interpretive anomalies.
Gender in Vietnamese
Authors: Hoang Dung , Phan Tran 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aims to identify strategies for the representation and encoding of gender in Vietnamese, as well as to show the various manifestations of a mainstream gender bias against women that are observed in this language. We achieve our goal mainly by categorizing the human-denoting lexicon into subgroups of different gender-marking properties, and by making relevant comparisons to look for both qualitative and quantitative contrasts in the ways in which men and women are linguistically represented. While arguing that this imbalance stems from a conventionalized hierarchy that prefers men over women, we also point to a reduction in such bias in the contemporary language, and advance an alternative view of the derogatory drift of neutral words and phrases in collocation with female-marked terms.