bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How well will this brand work? The ironic impact of advertising disclosure of body‐image retouching on brand attitudes
Authors: Semaan Rania W. , Kocher Bruno , Gould Stephen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrior research has demonstrated various effects of exposure to thin‐idealized models in advertisements on consumers’ product evaluations. Although this past research provides important insights, it does not take into account that many of these thin‐idealized images have been digitally manipulated. The present work studies the consequences of disclosure of this digital manipulation and the process consumers engage in when evaluating the brands responsible for these advertisements. We demonstrate that retouched advertisements may, contrary to conventional wisdom, have favorable consequences. Indeed, we show that individuals have more favorable brand attitudes for retouched (vs. unretouched) ads when retouching is disclosed (vs. undisclosed). We show that disclosed retouched ads utilize a two‐sided persuasive appeal, therefore leading consumers to evaluate the brand more favorably. We replicate this effect and explore attractiveness‐relevant products and type of disclosure as boundary conditions.
Following disease progression in motor neuron disorders with 3 motor unit number estimation methods
Authors: Jacobsen Anna Bystrup , Bostock Hugh , Tankisi Hatice 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate a recently developed motor unit number estimation (MUNE) method, MScanFit MUNE (MScan), as a measure of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared with compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and 2 traditional MUNE methods.MethodsALS patients were evaluated clinically using the ALS Functional Rating Scale—Revised (ALSFRS‐R). MScan, multiple‐point stimulation MUNE (MPS), and motor unit number index (MUNIX) were performed in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle at baseline (27 patients), 4 months (23 patients), and 8 months (16 patients).ResultsOf the 5 measures, MScan registered the largest decline (8.7% per month), compared with MPS (3.4%), MUNIX (4.8%), CMAP amplitude (2.0%), and ALSFRS‐R (1.9%). Only MScan and ALSFRS‐R registered significant decrements over 4 and 8 months.DiscussionMScan may be useful as a sensitive, objective tool for quantifying motor unit loss in ALS.Muscle Nerve59:82–87, 2019
Activin type IIB receptor blockade does not limit adenosine triphosphate supply in mouse skeletal muscle in Vivo
Authors: Béchir Nelly , Pecchi Émilie , Vilmen Christophe , Bernard Monique , Bendahan David , Giannesini Benoît 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Postnatal activin/myostatin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB) blockade increases skeletal muscle mass and strength but also increases muscle fatigability and impairs oxidative metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine in vivo whether this increased fatigability is due to energy supply limitation. Methods: The impact of 8‐week ActRIIB blockade with soluble receptor (sActRIIB‐Fc) on muscle function and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) fluxes was investigated noninvasively by using multimodal magnetic resonance and indirect calorimetry measurements in wild‐type mice. Results: Activin/myostatin type IIB receptor blockade reduced (−41%) the muscle apparent mitochondrial capacity and increased (+11%) the basal body energy expenditure. During a fatiguing exercise, ActRIIB blockade decreased both oxidative ATP production rate (−32%) and fatigue resistance (−36%), but these changes affected neither the total ATP production rate nor the contractile ATP cost. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that the increased fatigability after ActRIIB blockade is not due to limitation in energy supply and/or disturbance in contractile ATP cost. Muscle Nerve 58:834–842, 2018
Dynamic Anisotropic Response of β‐HMX and α‐RDX Single Crystals Using Plate Impact Experiments at ∼1 GPa
Authors: Wang XinJie , Wu YanQing , Huang FengLei , Zhang LianSheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDynamic responses of several orientations of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) single crystals were investigated by using plate impact experiments. The orientations studied included (011), (010), (100), (−111), (01−1), and (11−1) planes of HMX single crystals and (210), (100), (11−1), (2−10), and (111) planes of RDX single crystals. Crystal/window interface particle velocity profiles, which were measured by using velocity interferometer system for any reflector, showed distinct elastic‐plastic double‐wave structures. Dynamic mechanical properties were obtained according to impedance matching method. Elastic‐plastic responses of HMX and RDX exhibited strong anisotropy, nonlinear elasticity, and pressure/strain‐rate dependency. Anisotropy was explained by analyzing the relationship between the impact plane and deformation systems. Results revealed insights into ignition mechanisms and impact sensitivity and provided multiple data for calibration of physical‐based constitutive models.
Singular value decomposition for the correlation of atomic fluctuations with arbitrary angle
Authors: Yu Miao , Ma Xiaomin , Cao Huaiqing , Chong Bin , Lai Luhua , Liu Zhirong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMany proteins exhibit a critical property called allostery, which enables intra‐molecular transmission of information between distal sites. Microscopically, allosteric response is closely related to correlated atomic fluctuations. Conventional correlation analysis correlates the atomic fluctuations at two sites by taking the dot product (DP) between the fluctuations, which accounts only for the parallel and antiparallel components. Here, we present a singular value decomposition (SVD) method that analyzes the correlation coefficient of fluctuation dynamics with an arbitrary angle between the correlated directions. In a model allosteric system, the second PDZ domain (PDZ2) in the human PTP1E protein, approximately one third of the strong correlations have near‐perpendicular directions, which are underestimated in the conventional method. The discrimination becomes more prominent for residue pairs with larger separation. The results of the proposed SVD method are more consistent with the experimentally determined PDZ2 dynamics than those of conventional method. In addition, the SVD method improved the prediction accuracy of the allosteric sites in a dataset of 23 known allosteric monomer proteins. The proposed method may inspire extended investigation not only into allostery, but also into protein dynamics and drug design.
Visible Gill‐Net Injuries Predict Migration and Spawning Failure in Adult Sockeye Salmon
Authors: Bass Arthur , Hinch Scott G. , Casselman Matthew T. , Bett Nolan N. , Burnett Nicholas J. , Middleton Collin T. , Patterson David A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFish that survive nontake fisheries interactions may subsequently die, a phenomenon that is generically termed “fisheries‐related incidental mortality” (FRIM). Gill nets, which typically asphyxiate fish and visibly damage their integument, inflict higher rates of FRIM than other commonly used gears. To better define FRIM associated with gill‐net encounters, an observational study coupled with biotelemetry measured migration survival and spawning success of a Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka population during the final 45 km of their freshwater spawning migration (in 2014, 2015, and 2016). The daily prevalence of gill‐net injuries ranged from 0% to 80% of fish, resulting in an annual prevalence of 21–29% for females and 13–22% for males (over 3 years). Fish with visible gill‐net wounds had a 16% lower probability of completing their migration, and female fish with gill‐net wounds had an 18% lower probability of successfully spawning. As a result, the annual proportion of effective female spawners that died in the final 45 km of their migration due to gill‐net injuries was estimated to range from 3.8% to 9.9% (500 to 1,600 females). In addition, stray Sockeye Salmon from upriver populations commonly died at the tagging site, and visible gill‐net injuries were observed in half of those fish during a year with high mortality. If wild salmon populations continue to decline as climate change progresses, fisheries managers will be under greater pressure to minimize FRIM.
Outcome measures for children with mitochondrial disease: consensus recommendations for future studies from a Delphi‐based international workshop
Authors: Koene Saskia , van Bon Lara , Bertini Enrico , Jimenez‐Moreno Cecilia , van der Giessen Lianne , de Groot Imelda , McFarland Robert , Parikh Sumit , Rahman Shamima , Wood Michelle , Zeman Jiri , Janssen Anjo , Smeitink Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough there are no effective disease‐modifying therapies for mitochondrial diseases, an increasing number of trials are being conducted in this rare disease group. The use of sensitive and valid endpoints is essential to test the effectiveness of potential treatments. There is no consensus on which outcome measures to use in children with mitochondrial disease. The aims of this two‐day Delphi‐based workshop were to (i) define the protocol for an international, multi‐centre natural history study in children with mitochondrial myopathy and (ii) to select appropriate outcome measures for a validation study in children with mitochondrial encephalopathy. We suggest two sets of outcome measures for a natural history study in children with mitochondrial myopathy and for a proposed validation study in children with mitochondrial encephalopathy.
More Things in Heaven and Earth: Spirit Possession, Mental Disorder, and Intentionality
Authors: Rashed Mohammed Abouelleil 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Spirit possession is a common phenomenon around the world in which a non-corporeal agent is involved with a human host. This manifests in a range of maladies or in displacement of the host's agency and identity. Prompted by engagement with the phenomenon in Egypt, this paper draws connections between spirit possession and the concepts of personhood and intentionality. It employs these concepts to articulate spirit possession, while also developing the intentional stance as formulated by Daniel Dennett. It argues for an understanding of spirit possession as the spirit stance: an intentional strategy that aims at predicting and explaining behaviour by ascribing to an agent (the spirit) beliefs and desires but is only deployed once the mental states and activity of the subject (the person) fail specific normative distinctions. Applied to behaviours that are generally taken to signal mental disorder, the spirit stance preserves a peculiar form of intentionality where behaviour would otherwise be explained as a consequence of a malfunctioning physical mechanism. Centuries before the modern disciplines of psychoanalysis and phenomenological-psychopathology endeavoured to restore meaning to 'madness,' the social institution of spirit possession had been preserving the intentionality of socially deviant behaviour.
Active screening and interfacility communication of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in a tertiary-care hospital
Authors: Shimasaki Teppei , Segreti John , Tomich Alexander , Kim Julie , Hayden Mary K. , Lin Michael Y. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: July 2018

BackgroundHospitals may implement admission screening cultures and may review transfer documentation to identify patients colonized with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) to implement isolation precautions; however, outcomes and logistical considerations have not been well described.MethodsAt an academic hospital in Chicago, we retrospectively studied the implementation and outcomes of CRE admission screening from 2013 to 2016 during 2 periods. During period 1, we implemented active CRE rectal culture screening for all adults patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) and for those transferred from outside facilities to general wards. During period 2, screening was restricted only to adults transferred from outside facilities. For a subset of transferred patients who were previously reported to the health department as CRE positive, we reviewed transfer paperwork for appropriate documentation of CRE.ResultsOverall, 11,757 patients qualified for screening; rectal cultures were performed for 8,569 patients (73%). Rates of CRE screen positivity differed by period, previous facility type (if transferred), and current inpatient location. A higher combined CRE positivity rate was detected in the medical and surgical ICUs among period 2 patients (3.3%) versus all other ward-period comparisons (P<.001). Among 13 transferred patients previously known to be CRE colonized, appropriate CRE transfer documentation was available for only 4 patients (31%).ConclusionsActive screening for CRE is feasible, and screening patients transferred from outside facilities to the medical or surgical ICU resulted in the highest screen positivity rate. Furthermore, CRE carriage was inconsistently documented in transfer paperwork, suggesting that admission screening or enhanced inter-facility communication are needed to improve the identification of CRE-colonized patients.
Hearing healthcare in remote or resource-constrained environments
Authors: Swanepoel D , Clark J L 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundHearing loss is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, with more than 80 per cent of affected persons residing in low- and middle-income countries, typically where hearing health services are unavailable.ObjectivesThis article discusses the challenges to hearing care in remote and resource-limited settings, and describes recommended service delivery models, taking personnel and equipment requirements into consideration. The paper also considers the novel roles of telemedicine approaches in these contexts for improving access to preventative care. Finally, two case studies illustrate the challenges and strategies for service provision in remote and underserved settings.
IMPACT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT REPORTS ON HOSPITAL DECISION MAKERS – 10-YEAR INSIGHT FROM A HOSPITAL UNIT IN SHERBROOKE, CANADA: IMPACT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT ON HOSPITAL DECISIONS
Authors: Poder Thomas G. , Bellemare Christian A. , Bédard Suzanne K. , Fisette Jean-François , Dagenais Pierre 
Published: July 2018

Objectives:The overarching goal of this research was to (i) evaluate the impact of reports with recommendations provided by a hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) unit on the local hospital decision-making processes and implementation activities and (ii) identify the underlying factors of the nonimplementation of recommendations.Methods:All reports produced by the HB-HTA unit between December 2003 and March 2013 were retrieved, and hospital decision makers who requested these reports were solicited for enrolment. Participants were interviewed using a mixed design survey.Results:Twenty reports, associated with fifteen decision makers, fulfilled the study criteria. Nine decision makers accepted to participate, corresponding to thirteen reports and twenty-three recommendations. Of the twenty-three recommendations issued, 65 percent were implemented, 9 percent were accepted for implementation but not implemented, and 26 percent were declined. In terms of the utility of each report to guide decision makers, 92 percent of the reports were considered in the decision-making process; 85 percent had one or more recommendations adopted; and 77 percent had recommendations implemented. The most frequently mentioned reasons for nonimplementation were related to contextual factors (64 percent), production/diffusion process factors (14 percent), content/format factors (14 percent), or other factors (9 percent). Among the contextual factors, the complexity of the changes (i.e., administrative reasons), budget and resources constraints, failure to identify administrative responsibility to carry out the recommendation, and nonpriority status of the HTA recommendation, were provided.Conclusions:This study highlights that although HB-HTA reports are useful to hospital managers in their decision-making processes, certain barriers such as contextual factors need to be better addressed to improve HB-HTA efficiency and usefulness.
Extraction of templates from phrases using Sequence Binary Decision Diagrams
Authors: HIRANO D. , TANAKA-ISHII K. , FINCH A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe extraction of templates such as ‘regard X as Y’ from a set of related phrases requires the identification of their internal structures. This paper presents an unsupervised approach for extracting templates on-the-fly from only tagged text by using a novel relaxed variant of the Sequence Binary Decision Diagram (SeqBDD). A SeqBDD can compress a set of sequences into a graphical structure equivalent to a minimal deterministic finite state automata, but more compact and better suited to the task of template extraction. The main contribution of this paper is a relaxed form of the SeqBDD construction algorithm that enables it to form general representations from a small amount of data. The process of compression of shared structures in the text during Relaxed SeqBDD construction, naturally induces the templates we wish to extract. Experiments show that the method is capable of high-quality extraction on tasks based on verb+preposition templates from corpora and phrasal templates from short messages from social media.
Self‐Adaptive Calibration of Real‐Time Demand and Roughness of Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Xu Weirong , Xin Kunlun , Yan Hexiang , Tao Tao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReal‐time simulation of water distribution systems (WDSs) has been applied to water resource problems ranging from engineering optimization design and operation planning and management. However, accurate implementation of real‐time simulation of WDS is still a challenging task due to the limited knowledge of the large amount of varying nodal demands and pipe characteristics over the entire network system. This paper presents a self‐adaptive calibration method based on Kalman filter (KF) that takes advantage of the long‐term monitoring data for dual calibration of nodal demands and pipe roughness. Inferential measurements are introduced to avoid linear assumptions of the WDS system and link the hydraulics of WDS with KF. Hence, it is able to employ KF to solve the nonlinear problems in looped water distribution network. By assimilating the long‐term monitoring data and adapting the calibrated parameters to various operating conditions, the framework can reduce the uncertainties caused by measurement errors and quantify the uncertainties by covariance matrixes. In addition, the presented method can help to identify abnormal WDS conditions. Three case studies have been conducted to illustrate the validity of the proposed method and its applications. The results have shown that the proposed framework is reliable and effective in practical applications.
Near‐Real‐Time Estimates on Earthquake Rupture Directivity Using Near‐Field Ground Motion Data From a Dense Low‐Cost Seismic Network
Authors: Jan Jyh Cherng , Huang Hsin‐Hua , Wu Yih‐Min , Chen Chien‐Chih , Lin Cheng‐Horng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRupture directivity of earthquakes could amplify ground shaking and cause serious earthquake hazards. Its timely information is therefore of great importance for early shaking alerts and emergency responses. To this end, we test the feasibility of using near‐field (<25 km) ground motion data from a dense low‐cost seismic network in Taiwan to constrain directivity information and provide warning for far‐field areas. The method is simple and robust, based on the real‐time shaking map interpolation and directional attenuation regression analysis. Applications to 16 moderate‐ to large‐magnitude earthquakes in Taiwan and California show that the directivity can be stably obtained within 17 s and agrees well with previous studies when available. An indicator of the strength of directivity amplification is also defined and reveals a prevalence of strong directivity effect for ML ≥ 6.0 earthquakes in Taiwan. Such near‐real‐time directivity information can therefore be useful in earthquake early warning systems for providing more accurate ground shaking alerts.
Gravity‐Independent Grain Size Segregation in Experimental Granular Shear Flows as a Mechanism of Layer Formation
Authors: Siman‐Tov Shalev , Brodsky Emily E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFine grain bands in faults are normally interpreted as indicative of slip localization. However, grains can migrate systematically during shear resulting in nonintuitive effects on the final structure. Here we report the results of shear experiments performed on natural granular materials and discuss their possible implications for natural shear systems. We sheared dry grains in a rheometer over a range of velocities, followed the structural evolution with video during shear, and characterized the final structures. Fine particles comminuted during high‐velocity shear migrated from the highest shear rate regions to a layer where shear rate is near zero. This migration is an example of shear segregation that is driven by grain‐inertia effects. The segregation forms an apparent shear band displaced from the principal slip surface and has a stabilizing effect on subsequent flow. This shear segregation may result in fine‐particle layers and slip localization in natural shear zones.
Maternal betaine supplementation affects fetal growth and lipid metabolism of high-fat fed mice in a temporal-specific manner
Authors: Joselit Yaelle , Nanobashvili Khatia , Jack-Roberts Chauntelle , Greenwald Esther , Malysheva Olga V , Caudill Marie A , Saxena Anjana , Jiang Xinyin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground/objectivesMaternal obesity increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which results in fetal overgrowth and long-lasting metabolic dysfunctioning in the offspring. Previous studies show that maternal choline supplementation normalizes fetal growth and adiposity of progeny from obese mice. This study examines whether supplementation of betaine, a choline derivative, has positive effects on fetal metabolic outcomes in mouse progeny exposed to maternal obesity and GDM.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat (HF) diet or a control (normal-fat, NF) diet and received either 1% betaine (BS) or control untreated (BC) drinking water 4–6 weeks before timed-mating and throughout gestation. Maternal, placental, and fetal samples were collected for metabolite and gene-expression assays.ResultsAt E12.5, BS prevented fetal and placental overgrowth and downregulated glucose and fatty acid transporters (Glut1andFatp1) and the growth-promoting insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) and its receptorIgf1rin the placenta of HF, glucose-intolerant dams (P < 0.05). However, these effects disappeared at E17.5. At E17.5, BS reduced fetal adiposity and prevented liver triglyceride overaccumulation in HF versus NF fetuses (P < 0.05). BS fetal livers had enhanced mRNA expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) (P < 0.01), which promotes VLDL synthesis and secretion. Although we previously reported that maternal choline supplementation downregulated mRNA expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis in fetal livers, such alterations were not observed with BS, suggesting differential effects of betaine and choline on fetal gene expression.ConclusionWe propose a temporal-specific mechanism by which maternal BS influences fetal growth and lipid metabolic outcomes of HF mice during prenatal development.