bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2,5-Hexanedione mediates neuronal apoptosis through suppression of NGF via PI3K/Akt signaling in the rat sciatic nerve
Authors: Zuo Enjun , Zhang Cong , Mao Jun , Gao Chenxue , Hu Shuhai , Shi Xiaoxia , Piao Fengyuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBecause precise mechanism for 2,5-hexanedione (HD)-induced neuronal apoptosis largely remains unknown, we explored the potential mechanisms both in vivo and in vitro. Rats were intraperitoneally exposed to HD at different doses for 5 weeks, following which the expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, dimerization of Bad and Bcl-xL, as well as the release of cytochrome c and the caspase-3 activity were measured. Moreover, these variables were also examined in vitro in HD-exposed VSC4.1 cells with or without a PI3K-specific agonist (IGF-1), and in HD-exposed VSC4.1 cells with or without a PI3K-specific inhibitor (LY294002) in the presence or absence of NGF. The data indicate that, as the concentration of HD increased, rats exhibited progressive gait abnormalities, and enhanced neuronal apoptosis in the rat sciatic nerve, compared with the results observed in the control group. Furthermore, HD significantly down-regulated NGF expression in the rat sciatic nerve. Moreover, suppression of NGF expression inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and Bad. Meanwhile, an increase in the dimerization of Bad and Bcl-xL in mitochondria resulted in cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. In contrast, HD-induced apoptosis was eliminated by IGF-1. Additionally, NGF supplementation reversed the decrease in phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, as well as reversing the neuronal apoptosis in HD-exposed VSC4.1 cells. However, LY294002 blocked these effects of NGF. Collectively, our results demonstrate that mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis is induced by HD through NGF suppression via the PI3K/Akt pathway both in vivo and in vitro.
Gene-based molecular characterization of cox1 and pnad5 in Hymenolepis nana isolated from naturally infected mice and rats in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Metwally Dina M. , Al-Enezy Huda A. , Al-Turaiki Isra M. , El-Khadragy Manal F. , Yehia Hany M. , Al-Otaibi Tahani T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mice and rats are animals commonly used in research and laboratory testing. Compared with other animal species, they harbor many more zoonotic agents. Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) is a common tapeworm that parasitizes both humans and rodents. Although this tapeworm is of socio-economic importance worldwide, information related to its mitochondrial genome is limited. The present study examined the sequence diversity of two mitochondrial (mt) genes, subunit I of cytochrome oxidase (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (pnad5), of H. nana in mice and rats from two geographical regions of Saudi Arabia (Makkah and Riyadh). Partial sequences of cox1 and pnad 5 from individual H. nana isolates were separately amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The GC contents of the sequences ranged between 31.6–33.5% and 27.2–28.6% for cox1 and pnad5, respectively. The genomic similarity among specimens determined via cox1 primer and pnad5 primer was 97.1% and 99.7%, respectively. Based on these primers, our data did not indicate any differences between H. nana from rat and mice isolates. Results demonstrated that the present species are deeply embedded in the genus Hymenolepis with close relationship to other Hymenolepis species, including H. nana as a putative sister taxon, and that the isolates cannot be categorized as belonging to two different groups with origins in Makkah and Riyadh.
Role of mast cells in the generation of a T-helper type 2 dominated anti-helminthic immune response
Authors: Ryan Nathan M. , Oghumu Steve 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMast cells are long-lived, innate immune cells of the myeloid lineage which are found in peripheral tissues located throughout the body, and positioned at the interface between the host and the environment. Mast cells are found in high concentrations during helminth infection. Using Kitw-sh mast cell deficient mice, a recently published study in Bioscience Reports by Gonzalez et al. (Biosci. Rep., 2018) focused on the role of mast cells in the immune response to infection by the helminth Hymenolepis diminuta. The authors showed that mast cells play a role in the modulation of Th2 immune response characterized by a unique IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokine profile, as well as subsequent robust worm expulsion during H. diminuta infection. Unlike WT mice which expelled H. diminuta at day 10, Kitw-sh deficient mice displayed delayed worm expulsion (day 14 post infection). Further, a possible role for mast cells in the basal expression of cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin was described. Deletion of neutrophils in Kitw-sh deficient mice enhanced H. diminuta expulsion, which was accompanied by splenomegaly. However, interactions between mast cells and other innate and adaptive immune cells during helminth infections are yet to be fully clarified. We conclude that the elucidation of mechanisms underlying mast cell interactions with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system during infection by helminths can potentially uncover novel therapeutic applications against inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.
PCSK9 inhibition 2018: riding a new wave of coronary prevention
Authors: Ward Natalie C. , Page Michael M. , Watts Gerald F. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a hepatic enzyme that regulates the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) receptor and thus circulating LDL-c levels. With overwhelming evidence now supporting the reduction in LDL-c to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, PCSK9 inhibitors represent an important therapeutic target, particularly in high-risk populations. Here, we summarise and update the science of PCSK9, including its discovery and the development of various inhibitors, including the now approved monoclonal antibodies. In addition, we summarise the clinical applications of PCSK9 inhibitors in a range of patient populations, as well as the major randomised controlled trials investigating their use in coronary prevention.
SAPIL: single access point based indoor localisation using Wi‐Fi L‐shaped antenna array
Authors: Tian Zengshan , Lian Yinghui , Zhou Mu , Pu Qiaolin 
Published: January 2019

Single access point (AP) based indoor localisation (SAPIL) has attracted much attention recently. Most of the existing SAPIL systems require frequency hopping, which cannot be easily achieved in commercial APs. In response to this compelling problem, the authors proposed the SAPIL using Wi‐Fi L‐shaped antenna array without modifying the existing Wi‐Fi protocol. Specifically, the scenario in which the target is located is determined based on the maximum weight firstly. If the target is located in the line‐of‐sight scenario, the angle‐of‐arrival (AoA) corresponding to direct path is identified from the AoAs of multipath signals which are estimated using the smooth multiple signal classification algorithm. Meanwhile, the adaptive signal propagation model trained from the channel impulse response in offline phase is adopted to calculate the distance of direct path. Then the target is located by the estimated AoA and distance of direct path. Otherwise the target is located by combining its speed and heading with pedestrian dead reckoning. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves the median AoA estimation error of 5°, median distance estimation error of 0.5 m, and median localisation error of 1.8 m.
Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Katz D. , Sartoretti P. , Cropper M. , Panuzzo P. , Seabroke G. M. , Viala Y. , Benson K. , Blomme R. , Jasniewicz G. , Jean-Antoine A. , Huckle H. , Smith M. , Baker S. , Crifo F. , Damerdji Y. , David M. , Dolding C. , Frémat Y. , Gosset E. , Guerrier A. , Guy L. P. , Haigron R. , Janßen K. , Marchal O. , Plum G. , Soubiran C. , Thévenin F. , Ajaj M. , Allende Prieto C. , Babusiaux C. , Boudreault S. , Chemin L. , Delle Luche C. , Fabre C. , Gueguen A. , Hambly N. C. , Lasne Y. , Meynadier F. , Pailler F. , Panem C. , Royer F. , Tauran G. , Zurbach C. , Zwitter T. , Arenou F. , Bossini D. , Gerssen J. , Gómez A. , Lemaitre V. , Leclerc N. , Morel T. , Munari U. , Turon C. , Vallenari A. , Žerjal M. 
Published: January 2019

Context. For Gaia DR2, 280 million spectra collected by the Radial Velocity Spectrometer instrument on board Gaia were processed, and median radial velocities were derived for 9.8 million sources brighter than GRVS = 12 mag.
Aims. This paper describes the validation and properties of the median radial velocities published in Gaia DR2.
Methods. Quality tests and filters were applied to select those of the 9.8 million radial velocities that have the quality to be published in Gaia DR2. The accuracy of the selected sample was assessed with respect to ground-based catalogues. Its precision was estimated using both ground-based catalogues and the distribution of the Gaia radial velocity uncertainties. Results. Gaia DR2 contains median radial velocities for 7 224 631 stars, with Teff in the range [3550, 6900] K, which successfully passed the quality tests. The published median radial velocities provide a full-sky coverage and are complete with respect to the astrometric data to within 77.2% (for G ≤ 12.5 mag). The median radial velocity residuals with respect to the ground-based surveys vary from one catalogue to another, but do not exceed a few 100 m s−1. In addition, the Gaia radial velocities show a positive trend as a function of magnitude, which starts around GRVS ~ 9 mag and reaches about + 500 m s−1 at GRVS = 11.75 mag. The origin of the trend is under investigation, with the aim to correct for it in Gaia DR3. The overall precision, estimated from the median of the Gaia radial velocity uncertainties, is 1.05 km s−1. The radial velocity precision is a function of many parameters, in particular, the magnitude and effective temperature. For bright stars, GRVS ∈ [4, 8] mag, the precision, estimated using the full dataset, is in the range 220–350 m s−1, which is about three to five times more precise than the pre-launch specification of 1 km s−1. At the faint end, GRVS = 11.75 mag, the precisions for Teff = 5000 and 6500 K are 1.4 and 3.7 km s−1, respectively.
Blobs, spiral arms, and a possible planet around HD 169142
Authors: Gratton R. , Ligi R. , Sissa E. , Desidera S. , Mesa D. , Bonnefoy M. , Chauvin G. , Cheetham A. , Feldt M. , Lagrange A. M. , Langlois M. , Meyer M. , Vigan A. , Boccaletti A. , Janson M. , Lazzoni C. , Zurlo A. , De Boer J. , Henning T. , D’Orazi V. , Gluck L. , Madec F. , Jaquet M. , Baudoz P. , Fantinel D. , Pavlov A. , Wildi F. 
Published: January 2019

Context. Young planets are expected to cause cavities, spirals, and kinematic perturbations in protostellar disks that may be used to infer their presence. However, a clear detection of still-forming planets embedded within gas-rich disks is still rare.
Aims. HD 169142 is a very young Herbig Ae-Be star surrounded by a pre-transitional disk, composed of at least three rings. While claims of sub-stellar objects around this star have been made previously, follow-up studies remain inconclusive. The complex structure of this disk is not yet well understood.
Methods. We used the high contrast imager SPHERE at ESO Very large Telescope to obtain a sequence of high-resolution, high-contrast images of the immediate surroundings of this star over about three years in the wavelength range 0.95–2.25 μm. This enables a photometric and astrometric analysis of the structures in the disk.
Results. While we were unable to definitively confirm the previous claims of a massive sub-stellar object at 0.1–0.15 arcsec from the star, we found both spirals and blobs within the disk. The spiral pattern may be explained as due to the presence of a primary, a secondary, and a tertiary arm excited by a planet of a few Jupiter masses lying along the primary arm, likely in the cavities between the rings. The blobs orbit the star consistently with Keplerian motion, allowing a dynamical determination of the mass of the star. While most of these blobs are located within the rings, we found that one of them lies in the cavity between the rings, along the primary arm of the spiral design.
Conclusions. This blob might be due to a planet that might also be responsible for the spiral pattern observed within the rings and for the cavity between the two rings. The planet itself is not detected at short wavelengths, where we only see a dust cloud illuminated by stellar light, but the planetary photosphere might be responsible for the emission observed in the K1 and K2 bands. The mass ofthis putative planet may be constrained using photometric and dynamical arguments. While uncertainties are large, the mass should be between 1 and 4 Jupiter masses. The brightest blobs are found at the 1:2 resonance with this putative planet.
Preoperative Embolization to Improve Surgical Management and Outcome of Pulmonary Sequestration
Authors: Ukirde Vivek , Joshi Saurabh , Bansal Ashank , Borde Arvind , Lahoti Amol 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPulmonary sequestration is a rare embryonic malformation of lung tissue with no identifiable bronchial communication receiving its blood supply from one or more anomalous systemic arteries or aorta. The authors present a case report of an adult woman who presented with untreatable hemoptysis. She was treated with anti-Koch's therapy for her nonresolving hemoptysis. She underwent preoperative vascular embolization and operative surgical resection.
Laparoscopic Transhiatal Thoracic Duct Ligation for Chylothorax after Esophagectomy
Authors: Yamagata Yukinori , Saito Kazuyuki , Hirano Kosuke , Oya Masatoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer, chylothorax may develop at a certain frequency. For chylothorax, conservative treatment is selected first, but if it is not improved, thoracic duct (TD) ligation is considered. In general, transthoracic approach is chosen to reach the TD. However, it is sometimes difficult to identify the TD due to adhesion in the thoracic cavity. Hence, we selected a laparoscopic transhiatal approach to the TD. We introduce the procedure of our laparoscopic transhiatal TD ligation technique.
Atypical Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in a Young Child: Implications for Change in Vaccination Strategy
Authors: Azad Chandrika , Arya Adhi , Raina Deepti , Gupta Rekha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSubacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a serious neurological complication of measles with no satisfactory treatment options. The prolonged incubation period makes it rare in young children. The occurrence of primary measles infection in infants before age of vaccination can be prevented only by ensuring adequate vaccination of all females in childbearing age. Here, we present a case of an atypical presentation of SSPE in a toddler who contracted measles at 6 months of age.
Sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Patients with Hip Joint Pain
Authors: Singhania Akhita , Dhande Rajasbala P. , Gupta Suvarn , Singhania Shraddha , Jain Shashank 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Introduction Modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a great sensitivity in detecting hip joint abnormalities, and because of its property of excellent visualization of soft tissue and nonionizing radiation, it is the modality of choice these days in not only adults but also pediatric musculoskeletal pathologies.
Materials and Methods It was a prospective study performed in a tertiary care institute from 2016 to 2018. Total 64 cases with hip pathology attending orthopedics OPD (out patient department) and consenting to participate were included in the study. All the consenting participants were subjected to MRI scan.
Results The most common pathology detected was avascular necrosis consisting of 28 cases. The next most common abnormality detected was infective arthritis, found in seven cases. Three patients were diagnosed with metastasis.
Conclusion MRI is the diagnostic modality of choice for pathologies of hip for which radiographic and clinical findings are inconclusive. With MRI, one can stage the pathology to prognosticate and influence therapeutic decisions.
Time decay estimates for solutions of the Cauchy problem for the modified Kawahara equation
Authors: Naumkin P. I. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe large-time behaviour of solutions of the Cauchy problem for the modified Kawahara equationwhere, is investigated. Under the assumptions that the total mass of the initial datais nonzero and the initial dataare small in the norm ofit is proved that a global-in-time solution exists and estimates for its large-time decay are found.Bibliography: 19 titles.
Admissible pairs vs Gieseker-Maruyama
Authors: Timofeeva N. V. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Morphisms between the moduli functor of admissible semistable pairs and the Gieseker-Maruyama moduli functor (of semistable coherent torsion-free sheaves) with the same Hilbert polynomial on the surface are constructed. It is shown that these functors are isomorphic, and the moduli scheme for semistable admissible pairs

is isomorphic to the Gieseker-Maruyama moduli scheme. All the components of moduli functors and corresponding moduli schemes which exist are looked at here.
Bibliography: 16 titles.
Ice is born in low-mobility regions of supercooled liquid water
Authors: Fitzner Martin , Sosso Gabriele C. , Cox Stephen J. , Michaelides Angelos 
Published: January 2019

Significance
From intracellular freezing to cloud formation, the crystallization of water is ubiquitous and shapes life as we know it. A full comprehension of the ice nucleation process at the molecular scale remains elusive and we cannot predict where nucleation will occur. Using computational techniques we show that homogeneous nucleation in supercooled water happens in immobile liquid regions that emerge from heterogeneous dynamics. With this we link the topics of nucleation and dynamical heterogeneity and open ways to understand and control heterogeneous nucleation in solution, in confinement, or at interfaces via understanding their effects on liquid dynamics.
Performance enhancement of a proposed solar cell microstructure based on heavily doped silicon wafers
Authors: Salem Marwa S , Zekry A , Shaker A , Abouelatta M , Abdolkader Tarek M 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to present a proposed npn solar cell microstructure based on low cost heavily doped Silicon wafers. The physical perception of the proposed structure is based on the idea of vertical generation and lateral collection of light generated carriers. It should be mentioned that our structure can be utilized whenever the diffusion length of photogenerated electron hole pairs is smaller than the penetration depth of the solar radiation. The enhancement in the structure performance is attained by the optimization of the structure technological and geometrical parameters and based on practical considerations. This enhancement enables achieving the maximum possible structure conversion efficiency. Moreover, the optical performance, in terms of the spectral response and external quantum efficiency, is presented. The optimization is carried out using SILVACO TCAD process and device simulators. The main parameters used in optimization include the thickness and doping of the top n
+ layer as well as the sidewall emitter. Additionally, the structure base width along with the notch depth are considered. Finally, back surface treatment is introduced. The structure conversion efficiency in the initial step before optimization was 10.7%. As a result of the optimization process, the structure conversion efficiency is improved to about 15% above the initial case study by 4%.
Are clusterings of multiple data views independent?
Authors: Gao Lucy L , Bien Jacob , Witten Daniela 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn the Pioneer 100 (P100) Wellness Project, multiple types of data are collected on a single set of healthy participants at multiple timepoints in order to characterize and optimize wellness. One way to do this is to identify clusters, or subgroups, among the participants, and then to tailor personalized health recommendations to each subgroup. It is tempting to cluster the participants using all of the data types and timepoints, in order to fully exploit the available information. However, clustering the participants based on multiple data views implicitly assumes that a single underlying clustering of the participants is shared across all data views. If this assumption does not hold, then clustering the participants using multiple data views may lead to spurious results. In this article, we seek to evaluate the assumption that there is some underlying relationship among the clusterings from the different data views, by asking the question: are the clusters within each data view dependent or independent? We develop a new test for answering this question, which we then apply to clinical, proteomic, and metabolomic data, across two distinct timepoints, from the P100 study. We find that while the subgroups of the participants defined with respect to any single data type seem to be dependent across time, the clustering among the participants based on one data type (e.g. proteomic data) appears not to be associated with the clustering based on another data type (e.g. clinical data).
Gemykibivirus Genome in Lower Respiratory Tract of Elderly Woman With Unexplained Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Yanpeng , He Xi , Ma Jinmin , Hong Wenxin , Hu Fengyu , Zhao Lingzhai , Li Qiongfang , Zhang Jianhui , Zhang Chiyu , Zhang Fuchun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Using metagenomics analysis, we are the first to identify the presence of a small, circular, single-stranded Gemykibivirus (GkV) genome from the respiratory tract of an elderly woman with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our results suggest that further studies on whether GkVs infect humans and cause respiratory disease are needed.