bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved yet Divergent Smc5/6 Complex Degradation by Mammalian Hepatitis B Virus X Protein
Authors: Shofa Maya , Fukushima Yuri V , Saito Akatsuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV), belonging to the genusOrthohepadnavirus, can cause chronic hepatitis and hepatocarcinoma in humans. HBV ensures optimal replication by encoding X, a multifunctional protein responsible for degrading the structural maintenance of the chromosome (Smc) 5/6 complex, an anti-HBV factor in hepatocytes. Previous studies suggest that the degradation activity of the Smc5/6 complex is conserved among viruses from the genusOrthohepadnavirus. Recently, a novel hepadnavirus in cats, domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) or DCH B virus (DCHBV), has been identified to be genetically close to HBV. However, it remains unclear whether the DCHBV X protein possesses a similar Smc5/6 complex–degrading activity.Here, we investigated the degradation activity of the Smc5/6 complex by X of the viruses of the genusOrthohepadnavirus, including DCHBV, in cells derived from primates and cats. We found that the DCHBV X protein degraded Smc6 in the cells of several host species, and the degree of its anti-Smc5/6 activity differed depending on the host species. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the DCHBV X protein degraded Smc6 independently of DNA-binding protein 1 (DDB1), which is a critical host factor for HBV X–mediated Smc6 degradation. Our findings highlight the conserved yet divergent degradation machinery of the Smc5/6 complex of mammalian hepatitis B virus X proteins.ImportanceHepatitis B virus (HBV) causes chronic hepatitis and liver cancer in humans. HBV mainly acts by degrading the Smc5/6 complex, a defense mechanism in liver cells that restricts viral replication. Smc5/6 degradation, mediated by the HBV protein X, is conserved across the viruses in the same genus. However, it remains unclear whether the novel domestic cat HBV (DCHBV) exhibits similar capabilities.Here, we compared Smc5/6 degradation by the X proteins of various HBVs, including DCHBV, in different primate and feline cells. The DCHBV X protein could degrade Smc6 in various host cells at different levels. Notably, DCHBV X could degrade Smc6 without requiring DDB1, a host factor essential for HBV X–mediated Smc6 degradation. These findings highlight the conserved yet distinct strategies employed by mammalian HBVs to evade the host Smc5/6 system, expanding our understanding of viral adaptation and persistence across species.
Genetic and functional adaptations and alcohol-biased signaling in the mediodorsal thalamus of alcohol dependent mice
Authors: Martin Jayden C. , Reeves Kaitlin C. , Carter Kathryn A. , Davis Matthew , Schneider Amelia , Meade Ellie , Lebonville Christina L. , Nimitvilai Sudarat , Hoffman Michaela , Woodward John J. , Mulholland Patrick J. , Rinker Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a significant health concern characterized by an individual’s inability to control alcohol intake. With alcohol misuse increasing and abstinence rates declining, leading to severe social and health consequences, it is crucial to uncover effective treatment strategies for AUD by focusing on understanding neuroadaptations and cellular mechanisms. The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) is a brain region essential for cognitive functioning and reward-guided choices. However, the effects of alcohol (ethanol) dependence on MD neuroadaptations and how dependence alters MD activity during choice behaviors for alcohol and a natural reward (sucrose) are not well understood. Adult C57BL/6J mice treated with chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure were used to assess genetic and functional adaptations in the MD. Fiber photometry-based recordings of GCaMP6f expressed in the MD of C57BL/6J mice were acquired to investigate in vivo neural adaptations during choice drinking sessions for alcohol (15%) and either water or sucrose (3%). There were time-dependent changes in cFos and transcript expression during acute withdrawal and early abstinence. Differentially expressed genes were identified in control mice across different circadian time points and when comparing control and alcohol dependent mice. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the alcohol-sensitive genes revealed disruption of genes that control glial function, axonal myelination, and protein binding. CIE exposure also increased evoked firing in MD cells at 72 hours of withdrawal. In alcohol-dependent male and female mice that show increased alcohol drinking and preference for alcohol over water, we observed an increase in alcohol intake and preference for alcohol when mice were given a choice between alcohol and sucrose. Fiber photometry recordings demonstrated that MD activity is elevated during and after licking bouts for alcohol, water, and sucrose, and the signal for alcohol is significantly higher than that for water or sucrose during drinking. The elevated signal during alcohol bouts persisted in alcohol dependent mice. These findings demonstrate that CIE causes genetic and functional neuroadaptations in the MD and that alcohol dependence enhances alcohol-biased behaviors, with the MD uniquely responsive to alcohol, even in dependent mice.
Neuroligin 3 highlights sexually dimorphic circuitry in Drosophila social spacing
Authors: Robinson JW , Bechard AT , Evans MR , Mosuro K , Isaacson JR , Pillay S , Lin DS , Sahota A , de Belle JN , Robinson GI , Simon AF 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInDrosophila melanogaster, the autism-related Neuroligin 3 (Nlg3) protein is a postsynaptic membrane protein important for synapse development and regulation, which plays a role in social spacing behaviour. Here, we report the localization of Nlg3 to the calyx of the mushroom bodies (MB), optic lobes (OL), and protocerebral bridge (PB). Using RNA interference,nlg3knockdown in the OL increased fly social space, especially in the males, while knocking downnlg3independently in the MB or the PB did not change social spacing. However, hyperactivation and silencing of these neurons in the MB, but not the PB, controls social space in males and females, while hyperactivating and silencing of allnlg3-expressing neurons, including within the MB, PB, and OL, regulates male and female social space. Knocking down neurotransmitter biosynthesis enzymes, which decreases the amount of neurotransmitter release, showed that reducing acetylcholine release from the MB decreased female social space, whereas knocking down any dopamine receptor in the MB increased male social space. Lastly, to investigate the sexually dimorphic effects on social spacing previously seen innlg3mutants, we examined a subset of sexually dimorphicfruitless-expressing (fru)P1neurons known to regulate sexually dimorphic behaviours. Hyperactivation of thosefruP1neurons decreased social space in both sexes, while silencing thosefruP1neurons specifically increased male social space without affecting females. Our findings highlight a sex-specific social space neural circuitry that includes the OL, MB, andfruP1neurons, while uncovering the underlying basis of some of the sex differences in this behaviour.Article SummaryIn vinegar flies (Drosophila melanogaster), the autism-related Neuroligin 3 protein (Nlg3) controls neuronal development and regulation, but also affects fly social behaviour. Nlg3 is localized to the mushroom bodies (MB), protocerebral bridge, and the optic lobes. Genetically reducing Nlg3 in the optic lobes made male flies more socially distant, while hyperactivating or silencing neurons in the MB affected social behavior in both sexes. Reducing acetylcholine release from the MB affects female social space, while reducing dopamine receptors of the MB only affect male behaviour. Finally, thefruitlesssexually dimorphic neurons control social behavior differently in males and females.
Pervasive fitness trade-offs revealed by rapid adaptation in large experimental populations ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bitter M.C. , Greenblum S. , Rajpurohit S. , Bergland A.O. , Hemker J.A. , Betancourt N.J. , Tilk S. , Berardi S. , Oken H. , Schmidt P. , Petrov D.A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLife-history trade-offs are an inherent feature of organismal biology that evolutionary theory posits play a key role in patterns of divergence within and between species. Efforts to quantify trade-offs are largely confined to phenotypic measurements and the identification of negative genetic-correlations among fitness-relevant traits. Here, we use time-series genomic data collected during experimental evolution in large, genetically diverse populations ofDrosophila melanogasterto directly measure the manifestation of trade-offs in response to temporally fluctuating selection pressures on ecological timescales. Specifically, we quantify the genome-wide signal of antagonistic pleiotropy suggestive of trade-offs between reproduction and stress tolerance. We further identify a putative role of two cosmopolitan inversions in these trade-offs, and show that loci responding to selection during lab-based, reproduction selection exhibit signals of fluctuating selection in an outdoor mesocosm exposed to natural environmental conditions. Our results demonstrate the utility of time-series genomic data in revealing the presence and genomic architecture underlying fitness trade-offs, and add credence to models positing a role of generic life history trade-offs in the maintenance of variation in natural populations.
Quantitative design of cell type-specific mRNA stability from microRNA expression data
Authors: Oesinghaus Lukas , Castillo-Hair Sebastian , Ludwig Nicole , Keller Andreas , Seelig Georg 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLimiting expression to target cell types is a longstanding goal in gene therapy, which could be met by sensing endogenous microRNA. However, an unclear association between microRNA expression and activity currently hampers such an approach. Here, we probe this relationship by measuring the stability of synthetic microRNA-responsive 3’UTRs across 10 cell lines in a library format. By systematically addressing biases in microRNA expression data and confounding factors such as microRNA crosstalk, we demonstrate that a straightforward model can quantitatively predict reporter stability purely from expression data. We use this model to design constructs with previously unattainable response patterns across our cell lines. The rules we derive for microRNA expression data selection and processing should apply to microRNA- responsive devices for any environment with available expression data.
Lepton-flavor violation in the left-right supersymmetric standard model
Authors: Huang Yong-Kang , Yang Jin-Lei , Cui Sheng-Kai , Feng Tai-Fu 
Published: October 2024

In the standard model, the charged lepton-flavor violation (CLFV) processes are forbidden, so the observation of CLFV represents a clear signal of new physics that goes beyond the standard model. In this work, we focus on the CLFV processes lj−→li−γ and lj−→li−li−li+ in the left-right supersymmetric standard model (LRSSM). Considering the constraints of the updated experimental data, the numerical results show that the new contributions of SU(2)R gauge interaction and a large number of other new particles, such as the Z′ boson and double-charged Higgs bosons in LRSSM can make significant contributions to the CLFV processes lj−→li−γ and lj−→li−li−li+, which is much different from the ones predicted in other supersymmetry models. This work provides a theoretical base for finding the lepton-flavor violation phenomena in new physics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Mirror symmetry breaking of superradiance in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Seo Bojeong , Huang Mingchen , Chen Ziting , Parit Mithilesh K. , He Yifei , Chen Peng , Jo Gyu-Boong 
Published: October 2024

Dicke superradiance occurs when two or more emitters cooperatively interact via the electromagnetic field. This collective light-scattering process has been extensively studied across various platforms, from atoms to quantum dots and organic molecules. Despite extensive research, the precise role of direct interactions between emitters in superradiance remains elusive, particularly in many-body systems where the complexity of interactions poses significant challenges. In this study, we investigate the effect of dipole-dipole interaction between 18 000 atoms in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) on the superradiance process. In dipolar BECs, we simplify the complex effect of anisotropic magnetic dipole-dipole interaction with Bogoliubov transformation. We observe that anisotropic Bogoliubov excitation breaks the mirror symmetry in decay modes of superradiance.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Are you still willing to use pre-made dishes? Examining young customers' continuous usage intention in the Chinese emerging market
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Jianing , Liu Chunmei 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study empirically examined four value attributes (e.g. conditional value, functional value, epistemic value and price consciousness) influencing young customers’ attitudes, word-of-mouth (WOM) and continuous usage intentions. Subjective norm was positioned as the moderator, while WOM was identified as the mediator.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected data from 252 Chinese young customers using purposive sampling technique and utilized PLS-SEM to examine the interrelationships among variables.FindingsThe findings confirmed that the four value attributes (i.e. conditional value, functional value, epistemic value and price consciousness) significantly influence young consumers' attitudes toward pre-made dishes (PMDs). Additionally, attitudes and WOM positively influence continuous usage intention, with WOM acting as a mediator between attitudes and continuous usage intentions. Furthermore, subjective norm partially moderates the value-attitude-behavior (VAB) model.Practical implicationsPMDs manufacturers should take into account the consumption values and price consciousness of young customers when developing marketing campaigns. Subjective norm and WOM continue to be key factors in enhancing continuous intention.Originality/valueThis study expands the applicability of the VAB model, the theory of consumption value (TCV), and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), enriching the literature on PMDs by examining four value attributes and moderating factors influencing continuous usage intention.
Do audit committees impact corporate social responsibility? A review of empirical quantitative research and research opportunities
Authors: Velte Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze whether audit committees (ACs) influence corporate social responsibility (CSR) outputs.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured literature review of 57 archival studies on the influence of ACs on CSR outputs was conducted. According to a stakeholder–agency theoretical framework, the AC variables were structured as follows: presence, composition and resources, incentives and diligence. CSR is mainly divided into CSR performance, CSR reporting and CSR assurance.

Findings
Previous studies have mainly focused on AC composition and CSR reporting. There are indications that AC composition and CSR performance and assurance are positively linked. Moreover, AC resources, incentives and diligence increase CSR reporting.

Research limitations/implications
This study stresses the need for linking AC composition with sustainability, the inclusion of moderator and especially mediator variables and addressing endogeneity concerns via advanced regression models.

Originality/value
This paper reports the first literature review on the interaction between AC and CSR. It presents the main variables that have been included in previous studies, the limitations of these studies and useful recommendations for future research, business practice and regulators.
Numerical investigation of two-dimensional fractional Helmholtz equation using Aboodh transform scheme
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Sharaf Mohamed , Mahamad Saipunidzam 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to present a numerical investigation for two-dimensional fractional Helmholtz equation using the Aboodh integral homotopy perturbation transform scheme (AIHPTS).

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed scheme combines the Aboodh integral transform and the homotopy perturbation scheme (HPS). This strategy is based on an updated form of Taylor’s series that yields a convergent series solution. This study analyzes the fractional derivatives in the context of Caputo.

Findings
This study illustrates two numerical examples and calculates their approximate results using AIHPTS. The derived findings are also presented in tabular form and graphical representations.

Research limitations/implications
In addition, He’s polynomials are calculated using HPS, so the minimal computational outcome is a defining feature of this method and gives a competitive advantage over other series solution techniques.

Originality/value
Numerical data and graphical illustrations for different fractional order levels confirm the proposed method’s successful performance. The results show that the proposed approach is speedy and straightforward to execute on fractional-ordered models.
A method for recognizing abnormal behaviors of personnel at petroleum stations based on GTB-ResNet
Authors: Yu Huiling , Dai Sijia , Shi Shen , Zhang Yizhuo 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe abnormal behaviors of staff at petroleum stations pose significant safety hazards. Addressing the challenges of high parameter counts, lengthy training periods and low recognition rates in existing 3D ResNet behavior recognition models, this paper proposes GTB-ResNet, a network designed to detect abnormal behaviors in petroleum station staff.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, to mitigate the issues of excessive parameters and computational complexity in 3D ResNet, a lightweight residual convolution module called the Ghost residual module (GhostNet) is introduced in the feature extraction network. Ghost convolution replaces standard convolution, reducing model parameters while preserving multi-scale feature extraction capabilities. Secondly, to enhance the model's focus on salient features amidst wide surveillance ranges and small target objects, the triplet attention mechanism module is integrated to facilitate spatial and channel information interaction. Lastly, to address the challenge of short time-series features leading to misjudgments in similar actions, a bidirectional gated recurrent network is added to the feature extraction backbone network. This ensures the extraction of key long time-series features, thereby improving feature extraction accuracy.FindingsThe experimental setup encompasses four behavior types: illegal phone answering, smoking, falling (abnormal) and touching the face (normal), comprising a total of 892 videos. Experimental results showcase GTB-ResNet achieving a recognition accuracy of 96.7% with a model parameter count of 4.46 M and a computational complexity of 3.898 G. This represents a 4.4% improvement over 3D ResNet, with reductions of 90.4% in parameters and 61.5% in computational complexity.Originality/valueSpecifically designed for edge devices in oil stations, the 3D ResNet network is tailored for real-time action prediction. To address the challenges posed by the large number of parameters in 3D ResNet networks and the difficulties in deployment on edge devices, a lightweight residual module based on ghost convolution is developed. Additionally, to tackle the issue of low detection accuracy of behaviors amidst the noisy environment of petroleum stations, a triple attention mechanism is introduced during feature extraction to enhance focus on salient features. Moreover, to overcome the potential for misjudgments arising from the similarity of actions, a Bi-GRU model is introduced to enhance the extraction of key long-term features.
A qualitative study exploring teenagers and their parents’ ethical judgments toward influencers as brand ambassadors
Authors: Feijoo Beatriz , Sádaba Charo , Zozaya-Durazo Luisa , Vanwesenbeeck Ini 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is exploring teenagers’ (aged 11–17) and their parents’ reflections and insights regarding influencer marketing on social media, with a particular focus on advertising literacy and associated ethical perspectives. It examines the impact of influencer marketing on teenagers’ decision-making processes and emphasizes the importance of influencers clearly indicating their advertising collaborations. The study delves into the ethical aspects of advertising literacy, highlighting the significant role that transparent signaling of commercial collaborations plays.

Design/methodology/approach
The research involved conducting 40 interviews with both teenagers and one of their parents.

Findings
The study highlights a divergence in perspectives between teenagers and their parents regarding influencer marketing. While parents emphasized the importance of influencers clearly disclosing the commercial nature of sponsored content, teenagers did not see this as necessary. Additionally, the study found that parents often overlooked the ethical implications of honesty in influencer marketing discussions.

Originality/value
These findings underscore the importance of further exploring the complexities surrounding influencer marketing dynamics and the crucial role that parents can play in promoting ethical advertising literacy among teenagers.
How entrepreneurial orientation improves new-venture performance: the mediating role of innovation ambidexterity
Authors: Singh Shiwangi , Singh Mamta 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine various facets of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), including innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking. It investigates their linkage to the performance of new ventures. It further analyzes the mediating role of innovation ambidexterity.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a judgmental sampling technique to gather data from 342 new ventures. The analysis is conducted using PLS-SEM to predict the potential consequences of EO on new venture performance (NVP) through ambidextrous innovation.

Findings
The results show that innovation ambidexterity mediates between EO and NVP. New ventures should explore new opportunities for long-term growth while exploiting the existing opportunities for short-term growth and survival.

Originality/value
The research focuses on interpreting how different EO components are related to innovation ambidexterity. It also investigates what role of innovation ambidexterity plays as a mediator in the correlation of EO–NVP. It expands the current discussion on EO–venture performance plus innovation ambidexterity considering new ventures in emerging economies.
Academic libraries readiness in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: a comparative study between Ghana and South Africa
Authors: Darko Adjei Noah , King Lizette 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study compares the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) preparedness of two advanced academic libraries each in Ghana and South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized a conceptual framework that emanated from the Socio-Technical Theory (STT) and Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) models. Employing convergent parallel mixed methods, including questionnaires and interviews, 167 respondents, comprising librarians, IT staff and directors, shared insights on challenges faced by academic libraries in adapting to 4IR.FindingsFindings highlight a deficiency in Lib 4.0 skills crucial for survival in the 4IR, with South Africa showing better readiness. Both countries lack Lib 4.0 policies and face budget constraints, inadequate ICT infrastructure and limited support. The findings underscore the impact of relevant training on staff embracing Lib 4.0 technologies.Originality/valueThe study then proposes a comprehensive model, highlighting the significance of librarians adopting a growth mindset and priori V Btizing continuous learning, relearning, reskilling and upskilling to effectively navigate the complexities posed by the 4IR.