bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal cognitive function during pregnancy in relation to hypo‐ and hyperthyroxinemia
Authors: Pop Victor J. , Ormindean Vlad , Mocan Andreia , Meems Margreet , Broeren Maarten , Denollet Johan K. , Wiersinga Wilmar M. , Bunevicius Adomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess a possible relationship between maternal cognitive dysfunction during pregnancy and hypothyroxinemia, adjusted for major confounders.BackgroundThyroid dysfunction in general is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction is common during pregnancy.DesignProspective follow‐up study from 12 to 32 weeks of pregnancy.Participants2082 healthy pregnant women.MeasurementsCognitive function, depression and sleeping problems were assessed by self‐report questionnaires at 12, 22 and 32 weeks of gestation, higher scores reflecting more symptoms. FT4, TSH and TPO‐Ab were assessed at 12 weeks of gestation.Definitions: healthy (euthyroxinemia) control group: FT4 within 10‐90th percentiles, without elevated TPO‐Ab titres and TSH within first trimester‐specific reference range (0.23‐4.0 mU/L). Hypothyroxinemia: FT4 <2.5th percentile with TSH within first trimester‐specific reference range. Poor cognitive function: a score >1 SD > mean on the cognitive function scale.ResultsA total of 54 women showed hypothyroxinemia and 1476 women had euthyroxinemia. At 12 weeks, multiple logistic regression showed that poor cognitive function was independently related to hypothyroxinemia: OR: 2.9 (95% CI: 1.6‐5.4), adjusted for depression (OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.7‐4.6) and sleeping problems (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.9‐3.9). TPO‐Ab + women with hypothyroxinemia had the highest levels of cognitive dysfunction. Other cut‐offs of hypothyroxinemia (<5th or <10th percentile with normal TSH) showed similar results. GLM‐ANOVA showed that throughout pregnancy women with hypothyroxinemia at 12 weeks had significantly higher cognitive dysfunction scores compared with the healthy controls: F = 12.1, P = .001.ConclusionsWomen with hypothyroxinemia during early gestation are at risk for poor cognitive function throughout gestation, adjusted for depression and sleeping problems.
Effectiveness of smoking cessation in smokers with COPD and nocturnal oxygen desaturation: Functional analysis
Authors: Pezzuto Aldo , Carico Elisabetta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth cause of mortality and it’s frequently associated with breathing sleep disorders.ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to point out the benefit of smoking cessation over three months in terms of improvement of respiratory functional variables.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed evaluating the impact of smoking cessation on 145 patients with COPD and nocturnal oxygen desaturation. For this purpose, for all patients, overnight pulse oxymetry detection on room air, arterial blood sampling, plethysmography and exhaled test for carbon monoxide were performed at baseline and 3 months after the beginning. Smoking cessation was achieved by varenicline plus individual counselling.ResultsAbout 51% of patients quit smoking which was established by exhaledcarbon monoxide (eCO) measure (cut‐off 5 ppm). Patients who quit smoking displayed notably better results compared with patients who did not. The eCO significantly decreased by 16 ppm versus 4 (P = 0.01), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was reduced by 3 points versus 0.8 (P = 0.01) and forced expiratory in 1 second volume increased by 7% of predicted value versus 1% (P = 0.01). The walking test was improved by 102 m versus 25 in sustainers (P = 0.01). The CAT score was also improved by 10 versus 8 in sustainers (P = 0.01) and PaO2 increased by 5 mm Hg versus 0.5 (P = 0.04). The percentage of SaO2 < 90% was improved by 6.7 versus 2.1 (P = 0.04).The logistic regression analysis displayed the possible influence of CAT (P = 0.02) and modified medical research council dyspnea test (P = 0.05) on ODI value.ConclusionsSmoking cessation notably improves pulmonary functional parameters in quitters reporting nocturnal oxygen desaturation.
Notch signaling in the mammalian respiratory system, specifically the trachea and lungs, in development, homeostasis, regeneration, and disease
Authors: Kiyokawa Hirofumi , Morimoto Mitsuru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe respiratory system has ideal tissue structure and cell types for efficient gas exchange to intake oxygen and release carbon dioxide. This complex system develops through orchestrated intercellular signaling among various cell types, such as club, ciliated, basal, neuroendocrine, AT1, AT2, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. Notch signaling is a highly conserved cell–cell signaling pathway ideally suited for very short‐range cellular communication because Notch signals are transmitted by direct contact with an adjacent cell. Enthusiastic efforts by Notch researchers over the last two decades have led to the identification of critical roles of this signaling pathway during development, homeostasis, and regeneration of the respiratory system. The dysregulation of Notch signaling results in a wide range of respiratory diseases such as pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. Thus, a deep understanding of the biological functions of Notch signaling will help identify novel treatment targets in various respiratory diseases.
Brilliant Blue as an alternative dye to Fast Green for in ovo electroporation
Authors: Saito Seiji , Kawamura Kazuki , Matsuda Yoichi , Suzuki Takayuki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChick embryo electroporation is a powerful tool for the introduction of transgenes into tissues of interest for the study of developmental biology. This method often uses Fast Green to visualize the injected area by staining the solution containing DNA green. Here, we show that Fast Green fluoresces in a red color after electroporation, suggesting that researchers need to be cautious when detecting red fluorescence. Fast Green solution did not show any fluorescence before injection into chick embryos, but fluoresced red within 3 min post‐injection into chick embryos. We identified Brilliant Blue as suitable alternative dye for use as an indicator of injection sites in ovo electroporation. We found that 0.2% of Brilliant Blue was sufficient to track the area of DNA injection. In addition, this chemical did not show red fluorescence after electroporation. Our findings demonstrate that Brilliant Blue can be used for detecting red fluorescent proteins introduced into chick embryos by electroporation. Our study also shows useful examples for the application of Brilliant Blue for the precise quantification of two fluorescence intensities after EGFP and mCherry co‐electroporation.
The fitness of chemotrophs increases when their catabolic by‐products are consumed by other species
Authors: Seto Mayumi , Iwasa Yoh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChemotrophic microorganisms synthesise biomass by utilising energy obtained from a set of chemical reactions that convert resources to by‐products, forming catabolic interactions. The amount of energy obtained per catabolic reaction decreases with the abundance of the by‐product named as the ‘abundant resource premium’. Consider two species, Species 1 and 2, Species 1 obtains energy from a reaction that converts resource A to by‐product B. Species 2 then utilises B as its resource, extracting energy from a reaction that converts B to C. Thus, the presence of Species 2 reduces the abundance of B, which improves the fitness of Species 1 by increasing the energy acquisition per reaction of A to B. We discuss the population dynamic implication of this effect and its importance in expanding a realised niche, boosting material flow through the ecosystem and providing mutualistic interactions among species linked by the material flow. Introducing thermodynamics into population ecology could offer us fundamental ecological insights into understanding the ecology of chemotrophic microorganisms dominating the subsurface realm.
Variations in Poverty by Family Characteristics Among Working‐Age Adults With Disabilities
Authors: Brucker Debra L. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the association of family structure, family‐level employment, and receipt of adult public disability benefits on poverty levels among working‐age persons with disabilities in the United States.BackgroundWorking‐age persons with disabilities are more likely than their counterparts without disabilities to live in poverty. However, prior research has not fully examined differences in poverty that control for family structure, family‐level employment, receipt of adult public disability benefits, and other family‐level characteristics.MethodCouched within a conceptual model of family resilience, data from the 2016 Current Population Survey (N = 110,865) were used to estimate binary logistic regression models predicting the likelihood of living in poverty, controlling for family structure, family‐level employment, receipt of adult public disability benefits, and other family‐level characteristics.ResultsMarried or cohabiting households that include an adult with a disability had equal odds of living in poverty as married or cohabiting households without an adult with a disability. However, in single‐adult households, the risk of living in poverty was higher among those households where the adult had a disability than among those who did not. Employment and receipt of public disability benefits moderated the risk of living in poverty for persons with disabilities, particularly for single‐headed households.ConclusionFamily structure, family‐level employment, and receipt of public disability benefits are associated with the risk of living in poverty among adults with disabilities in the United States. In short, the public disability benefit system in the United States can reduce but not totally alleviate the risks of poverty for working‐age adults with disabilities.ImplicationsContinued investment into furthering the employment of adults with disabilities, while protecting the availability of public disability benefits can reduce the risks of poverty for Americans with disabilities.
Multispecies biomass dynamics models reveal effects of ocean temperature on predation of juvenile pollock in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Uchiyama Tadayasu , Mueter Franz J. , Kruse Gordon H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWalleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) supports one of the largest commercial fisheries in the world. Juvenile pollock are important forage fish in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) ecosystem, often representing the largest fraction in the diets of major Bering Sea piscivores. Large variability in the EBS pollock stock biomass in recent years has been attributed primarily to fluctuations in recruitment. It has been hypothesized that predation rates on forage fishes increase when the cold pool (a body of cold water < 2°C) is extensive and covers much of the middle continental shelf, which tends to concentrate larger predatory fishes in the outer shelf and slope regions. In contrast, young pollock appear to tolerate colder temperatures than older fish and can stay in the cold pool, thereby reducing predation. We used a multispecies modeling approach to examine the effects of the cold pool size on predation of juvenile pollock. We found that predation on age‐1 pollock by age‐3+ pollock decreased, and predation on age‐1 and age‐2 pollock by arrowtooth flounder increased with increasing bottom temperature, which was used as a proxy for the cold pool size. These results suggest that the cold pool creates spatial separation between juvenile pollock and arrowtooth flounder, but not between adult and juvenile pollock. The model developed in this study could be used to examine the effects of other covariates on interspecific interactions, help explain observed changes in fish communities, and understand implications of climate change on ecosystems and their productivity.
Subtropical water influences temporal fluctuations of early life stages of Vinciguerria lucetia (Osteichthyes: Phosichthyidae) in the Humboldt Current System (1998–2004)
Authors: Lemus Diego , Landaeta Mauricio F. , Balbontín Fernando , Saavedra‐Nievas Juan Carlos , Valenzuela Vivian , Miles Hernán 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the last decades, the fish Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman) has been of important interest to the fisheries sector; nonetheless, the spawning and nursery zones in the Humboldt Current System (HCS) have not yet been defined. By using a temporal series of 23 oceanographic surveys from austral spring of 1998 to autumn 2004 off northern Chile, the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of eggs and larvae of V. lucetia were studied. The relationships with environmental conditions (sea surface temperature, water column stratification, salinity, dissolved oxygen) were modeled using generalized additive models (GAMs). Seasonal variations in eggs and larval abundances were recorded, and higher abundances were observed in spring and summer, respectively. The main spawning areas were located at approximately between 40 and 80 nautical miles offshore. The largest abundances of V. lucetia eggs were found during spring 2003; however, larval abundances reached the highest values following the strongest ENSO event 1997–98. GAMs predicted that offshore location, sea surface temperature, and the deepening of the oxygen minimum zone, characteristics of the subtropical waters (22–24°C, >34.9, 3–6 ml/L) drove eggs and larval distributions of V. lucetia in the HCS during 1998–2004, toward areas with scarce food availability for larvae. These results suggest that spawning and larval development of this oceanic species occur in oligotrophic waters as a loophole strategy, in order to reduce predation risk during early life stages.
Occurrence of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae off the Pacific coast of Tohoku area, northeastern Japan: Possibility of the discovery of the third spawning ground
Authors: Tanaka Yosuke , Tawa Atsushi , Ishihara Taiki , Sawai Etsuro , Nakae Misato , Masujima Masachika , Kodama Taketoshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently, based on the histological studies it is suggested that Pacific bluefin tuna (PBF) spawns in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition, off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan, in addition to the previously identified two spawning areas of the northwestern Pacific around the Nansei Islands and the Sea of Japan. Distributional surveys for PBF larvae have not been conducted in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition, and thus, we conducted PBF larval surveys at twenty stations in this area in early August 2018 to obtain evidence for the spawning of PBF. Twelve PBF larvae (3.9–7.2 mm in body length) were collected at six stations where sea surface temperature ranged from 27.2 to 28.2°C. Otolith microstructure analysis indicated that age of these larvae ranged from 4 to 11 days after hatching and the larvae hatched in late July. Growth of the collected larvae was comparable to those in the other two spawning grounds. Therefore, PBF spawns, hatches, and at least survives to the postflexion stage, 11 days after hatching in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition. This fact potentially has a large impact on recruitment processes of PBF if they survive to recruitment in this third spawning ground.
Closing the Gap? Gender and the Global Compacts for Migration and Refugees
Authors: Hennebry Jenna L. , Petrozziello Allison J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMigrant women's organizations, UN Women, and civil society advocacy networks have mobilized to call for greater gender‐responsiveness in migration governance. The development of the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees presented an important opportunity to continue enhancing the international framework for protecting the rights of women and men on the move. This article asks: How has gender been understood/invoked during proceedings leading up to their adoption? In what ways is it incorporated in the resulting compacts and their operationalization? What are the gains and missed opportunities for gender‐responsiveness? Drawing on data gathered through participant observation in the global compact on migration preparatory meetings and member state negotiations in Geneva and New York, and policy analysis of the drafts of both compacts, this paper aims to determine the extent to which the compacts, and the plans to operationalize them, serve to widen or close the gender gap.
American Public Opinion on Immigration: Nativist, Polarized, or Ambivalent?
Authors: Wright Matthew , Levy Morris 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor Dauvergne (2016), one consequence of the “end of settler societies” is nativism, or what she calls “mean‐spirited politics”: anti‐immigrant, anti‐Muslim, anti‐Multiculturalism. This accords with the prevailing tone of public opinion literature on the subject, which links anti‐immigrant hostility in settler societies to influxes of diversity and associated racial threat. In this essay, we determine just how closely this stylized vision of anxiety‐fuelled nativism resembles the true state of mass opinion about immigration. Using a variety of surveys fielded in recent years, we show that Americans: 1) hold generally positive views about immigration, though with a substantial dose of ambivalence about its consequences; 2) are not especially consistent in their policy attitudes over time; 3) express policy attitudes that readily depart from their underlying predispositions, and; 4) have only become more pro‐immigrant in recent years, and whatever partisan polarization exists on the issue stems from the fact that Republicans are becoming more positive at a slightly slower pace than Democrats. All of this suggests that, while there is a hard core of ethnocentrism and "mean‐spiritedness" in the U.S., the prevailing tone is much less negative than the standard portrayal assumes.
How do clients and (In)formal caregivers experience quality of home care? A qualitative approach
Authors: Haex Roy , Thoma‐Lürken Theresa , Beurskens Anna J. H. M. , Zwakhalen Sandra M. G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo explore and understand the views of clients and formal and informal caregivers about the experienced quality of home care for older people.DesignA descriptive qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews.MethodsSix home care clients, four formal and six informal caregivers were recruited from two Dutch home care organizations. Individual, semi‐structured interviews took place between April ‐ November 2018. The INDividually EXperienced QUAlity of Long‐term care framework was used to guide data collection and content analyses.ResultsThe analyses revealed several important attributes contributing to experienced quality of home care such as a preferred small number of caregivers, perceived sufficient time for care provision and a caring atmosphere facilitating open communication and humour. Participants indicated that care routines fitting with the care receiver's former way of living were important. A more ‘close’ personal care relationship related to trust, openness and empathy was preferred over a more ‘detached’ professional care relationship.ConclusionThis study identified a wide range of attributes related to experienced quality of care from the perspectives of clients and formal and informal caregivers in home care.ImpactCare providers are being challenged to structurally assess individual experienced quality of home care. This study underlines the importance of incorporating care preferences and experiences throughout the care process from a relationship‐centred care approach. Relevant care measures and outcomes should be determined to gain insight and further improve individual care provision.
Recovery experiences buffer against adverse well‐being effects of workplace surface acting: A two‐wave study of hospital nurses
Authors: Gu Yuanbo , You Xuqun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo test the direct effects of different surface acting strategies and the interactive effects of surface acting and recovery experiences on nurses' well‐being.DesignA two‐wave study design.MethodsChinese hospital nurses (N = 372; 47.3% of initial sample) reported on their levels of surface acting, recovery experiences and well‐being using a paper and pencil survey in November 2017 and November 2018.FindingsSurface acting has long‐term effects on nurses' well‐being. Compared with positive expression, negative suppression generally tends to show more negative effects. Recovery experiences play a buffering role in the surface acting – nurses' well‐being relationship.ConclusionThese findings offer initial evidence for long‐term effects of surface acting and show how hospital nurses can avoid adverse effects of surface acting through fostering recovery experiences.ImpactSurface acting is a chronic stressor, having long‐term effects on nurses' well‐being. In contrast to positive expression, negative suppression has more detrimental impacts. Recovery experiences play a protective role by alleviating the adverse effects of surface acting. Managers and individuals are advised to differentiate distinct surface acting strategies. Managers should try best to facilitate employee recovery. Hospital nurses are well recommended to train themselves by adopting several recovery programmes.
Asperpyrone A attenuates RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation through inhibiting NFATc1, Ca2+ signalling and oxidative stress
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Chao , Qiu Heng , Yuan Yu , Chen Kai , Cao Zhen , Xiang Tan Ren , Tickner Jennifer , Xu Jiake , Zou Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImbalance of osteoblast and osteoclast in adult leads to a variety of bone‐related diseases, including osteoporosis. Thus, suppressing the activity of osteoclastic bone resorption becomes the main therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis. Asperpyrone A is a natural compound isolated from Aspergillus niger with various biological activities of antitumour, antimicrobial and antioxidant. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Asperpyrone A on osteoclastogenesis and to explore its underlining mechanism. We found that Asperpyrone A inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose‐dependent manner when the concentration reached 1 µm, and with no cytotoxicity until the concentration reached to 10 µm. In addition, Asperpyrone A down‐regulated the mRNA and protein expression of NFATc1, c‐fos and V‐ATPase‐d2, as well as the mRNA expression of TRAcP and Ctsk. Furthermore, Asperpyrone A strongly attenuated the RNAKL‐induced intracellular Ca2+ oscillations and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production in the process of osteoclastogenesis and suppressed the activation of MAPK and NF‐κB signalling pathways. Collectively, Asperpyrone A attenuates RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation via suppressing NFATc1, Ca2+ signalling and oxidative stress, as well as MAPK and NF‐κB signalling pathways, indicating that this compound may become a potential candidate drug for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis.
A New Statistic for Selecting the Smoothing Parameter for Polynomial Loglinear Equating Under the Random Groups Design
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Kolen Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSmoothing is designed to yield smoother equating results that can reduce random equating error without introducing very much systematic error. The main objective of this study is to propose a new statistic and to compare its performance to the performance of the Akaike information criterion and likelihood ratio chi‐square difference statistics in selecting the smoothing parameter for polynomial loglinear equating under the random groups design. These model selection statistics were compared for four sample sizes (500, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000) and eight simulated equating conditions, including both conditions where equating is not needed and conditions where equating is needed. The results suggest that all model selection statistics tend to improve the equating accuracy by reducing the total equating error. The new statistic tended to have less overall error than the other two methods.