bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of a novel multi‐functional noninvasive prenatal test on fetus aneuploidy, copy number variation, and single‐gene disorder screening
Authors: Luo Yuqin , Jia Bei , Yan Kai , Liu Siping , Song Xiaojie , Chen Mingfa , Jin Fan , Du Yang , Wang Juan , Hong Yan , Cao Sha , Li Dawei , Dong Minyue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been successfully used in the clinical screening of fetal trisomy 13, 18, and 21 in the last few years and researches on detecting sub‐chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) and monogenic diseases are also in progress. To date, multiple tests are needed in order to complete a full set of fetus disorder screening, which is costly and time consuming. Therefore, an integrated 3‐in‐1 NIPT approach will be in great demand by routine clinical practice in the near future.MethodsWe designed a target capture sequencing panel with an associate bioinformatics pipeline to create a novel multi‐functional NIPT method and we evaluated its performance by testing 22 clinical samples containing aneuploidy, CNV, and single‐gene disorder. Chromosomal aneuploidy and CNV were detected based on the Z‐value approach, whereas single‐gene disorder was identified by using the “pseudo‐tetraploid” model to estimate the best‐suited genotype for each locus.ResultsThe performance of this newly constructed 3‐in‐1 system was promising. We achieved a 100% detection rate for chromosomal aneuploidies (7/7), a 100% diagnosis rate for fetus CNVs larger than 20 Mb (3/3), and an 86.4% accuracy for single‐gene disorder screening (19/22).ConclusionFor the first time, we showed that it is possible to use just a single NIPT test to detect three distinct types of fetus disorder and laid a foundation for developing a cheaper, faster, and multi‐functional NIPT method in the future.
Heat stress, a serious threat to reproductive function in animals and humans
Authors: Boni Raffaele 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlobal warming represents a major stressful environmental condition that compromises the reproductive efficiency of animals and humans via a rise of body temperature above its physiological homeothermic point (heat stress [HS]). The injuries caused by HS on reproductive function involves both male and female components, fertilization mechanisms as well as the early and late stages of embryo‐fetal development. This occurrence causes great economic damage in livestock, and, in wild animals creates selective pressure towards the advantages of better‐adapted genotypes to the detriment of others. Humans undergo several types of stress, including heat, and these represent putative causes of ongoing progressive decay in procreation; an increasing number of remedies in the form of antioxidant preparations are now being proposed to counteract the effects of stress. This review aims to describe the results of the most recent studies that aimed to highlight these effects and to draw information on the mechanisms acting as the basis of this problem from a comparative analysis.
Robust a posteriori error estimators for mixed approximation of nearly incompressible elasticity
Authors: Khan Arbaz , Powell Catherine E. , Silvester David J. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the analysis and implementation of robust finite element approximation methods for mixed formulations of linear elasticity problems where the elastic body is almost incompressible. Several alternative a posteriori error estimators for the energy norm of the finite element error are introduced and analysed. We establish upper and lower bounds for the energy error in terms of these error estimators and show that the constants in the bounds are independent of the Lamé coefficients: The proposed estimators are robust in the incompressible limit. We also consider the requirement for pressure stabilisation when using lowest‐order conforming approximation. Computational results are presented that validate the theoretical estimates. The software used to generate these results is available online.
Efficiency of 3D‐Ordered Macroporous La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 as an Electrocatalyst for Aprotic Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Cheng Junfang , Jiang Yuexing , Zou Lu , Zhang Ming , Zhang Guozhu , Wang Ziling , Huang Yizhen , Chi Bo , Pu Jian , Jian Li 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLi‐O2 batteries (LOBs) with an extremely high theoretical energy density have been reported to be the most promising candidates for future electric storage systems. Porous catalysts can be beneficial for LOBs. Herein, 3D‐ordered macroporous La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 perovskite oxides (3D‐LSCF) are applied as cathode catalysts in LOBs. With a high Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area (21.8 m2 g−1) and unique honeycomb‐like macroporous structure, the 3D‐LSCF catalysts possess a much higher efficiency than La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) nanoparticles. The unique 3D‐ordered macropores play a significant role in the product deposition as well as oxygen and electrolyte transmission, which are crucial for the discharge‐charge processes of LOBs.
Effects of single‐case reading interventions for students with and at‐risk of emotional and behavioral disorders in grades K–12: A quantitative synthesis
Authors: McKenna John William , Shin Mikyung , Solis Michael , Mize Min , Pfannenstiel Kathleen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study examined the effects of reading interventions from single‐case design studies for students with and at‐risk of emotional and behavioral disorders in grades K–12 using a quantitative synthesis. Seventeen studies met the selection criteria of having one more dependent variables meeting what works clearinghouse (WWC) design standards with or without reservations. Although students’ reading performance significantly improved from baseline to intervention phases (p < 0.001), the overall weighted average effect size was weak (Tau‐U = 0.58, 95% confidence interval = [0.54, 0.63]; d = 0.29); smaller effects were found on reading comprehension. Interventions were less effective for students in secondary grades, students with a comorbid disability, and students in substantially separate settings. While no studies meeting the selection criteria were conducted in inclusive settings, the teacher provided interventions were more effective than those provided by researchers suggesting the importance of the student–teacher relationship for reading instruction. Study limitations, areas for future research, and implications for school practices are discussed.
Synthesis of novel diene polymer via friedel–crafts‐type reaction of polybutadiene with aromatic compounds
Authors: Shinke Yu 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis study describes a novel and facile synthesis strategy for a styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR)‐like polymer via Friedel–Crafts‐type reaction between aromatic compounds and polybutadiene using an aluminum chloride as a catalyst. Although gelation was induced by a reaction of a generated carbocation with olefins in other polybutadiene chains in benzene and toluene because of their low electron densities on their rings, anisole with a higher electron density reacted with the polybutadiene carbocation efficiently. The introduction ratio of anisole increased as the reaction proceeded, and the obtained polymer, BRAN polymer, contained 15% anisoles for olefins in the polybutadiene in 4 h at 80 °C as estimated by 1H NMR analysis. The glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the BRAN polymer also increased with anisole content (Tg ~−50 °C when anisole contents 20%). The vulcanizate containing the BRAN polymer showed higher mechanical properties compared to samples using other matrix polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 841–847
Proteomics for Clinical Assessment of Kidney Disease
Authors: Ortiz Alberto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKidney disease is one of the fastest growing causes of death worldwide, disclosing an unmet clinical need for early diagnosis and optimized risk stratification that allows high risk patient selection for clinical trials and for more intensive nephroprotective interventions in the clinic. The current issue of PROTEOMICS—Clinical Applications contains four manuscripts that explore different aspects of clinical proteomics implementation in the context of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and, more specifically, diabetic kidney disease, and kidney transplantation from a diagnostic and risk stratification point of view. Overall, the evidence discussed suggests that chronic kidney disease is an example where clinical proteomics has become a valuable tool ready for clinical implementation, expected to have a major impact in patient management.
Echinacoside alleviates hypobaric hypoxia‐induced memory impairment in C57 mice
Authors: Zheng Hongnan , Su Yuting , Sun Yang , Tang Tianle , Zhang Di , He Xuefeng , Wang Jianbo 
Published: February 2019

Acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) gives rise to persistent cognitive impairment, influencing memory function specifically. Echinacoside (ECH), one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanche salsa, has been reported to prevent ischemia induced by neuronal injury traditionally. This study then tried to investigate whether ECH could alleviate HH‐induced memory deficit. Ten C57 mice were used as control, and 50 were exposed to HH equivalent to 6,100 m for 7 days in a decompression chamber and were given ECH daily (50, 75, or 100 mg/kg) through gavage during the period of exposure. Cognitive performance was evaluated by the Morris water maze test. ECH, especially at 100 mg/kg, significantly reduced HH‐induced memory decline. Furthermore, ECH increased the expression of nuclear factor E2 p45‐related factor 2, heme oxygenase‐1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and γ‐glutamyl cysteine synthetase in mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that the Keap1–Nrf2–ARE signaling pathway might be involved in neuronal adaptation. The results indicate that ECH could prevent HH‐induced memory impairment, which is associated with antioxidant effect of ECH in the hippocampus.
Effect of submerged vane on three dimensional flow dynamics and bed morphology in river bend
Authors: Biswas Piya , Barbhuiya Abdul Karim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA series of hydraulic experiments were undertaken in a 180° bend laboratory flume with parabolic erodible bed to simulate the effect of submerged vanes on the flow field and subsequent scour morphology in a river bend. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of submerged vanes in protecting riverbed erosion in a river bend. Parameters responsible for scour and deposition, including the velocity distribution field, bed shear stress, and kinetic energy, are presented. Results indicate that the presence of submerged vanes (a) reduced the maximum velocity along the outer bank of the parabolic riverbed by approximately 23%, and the location of this velocity field shifted from the outer bank of the 150°‐section to a central zone of 40°; (b) reduced the maximum bed shear stress and turbulence by 32% and 19%, respectively, and their locations also changed; and (c) reduced scour depths by up to 40% at the outer bank of the bend. The data obtained from these experiments will aid in the efficient design of riverbed protection works.
Facile Synthesis of Hierarchical Micro‐mesoporous HKUST‐1 Using Organic Silane Surfactant as a Novel Template
Authors: Li Feier , Zheng Ke , Zheng Xiang , Zheng Liming , Duan Chongxiong , Xi Hongxia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHierarchically porous HKUST‐1 has been successfully fabricated by using organic silane (3‐Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ‐APS) as template under hydrothermal conditions. The amount of template affected on the porosity and morphology of the as‐synthesized samples, indicating the adjustable pore structure. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation was employed to investigate the synthetic mechanism, demonstrating that the amino group in γ‐APS may play an electrophilic role thus the MOFs could construct under the direction of template γ‐APS. The hierarchically porous structure of the as‐synthesized MOFs will improve the mass transfer efficiency compared to the conventional MOFs, demonstrating great significance for the development of MOFs.
Structurally Selective Assembly of a Specific Macrobicycle from a Dynamic Library of Pseudopeptidic Disulfides
Authors: Lafuente María , Alfonso Ignacio , Solà Jordi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMolecular recognition is essential in many chemical and biological processes. Studying the behavior of pseudopeptides using dynamic covalent chemistry allows the exploration of a wide range of structural components and molecular interactions with minimal synthetic effort. Herein, we describe how non‐covalent attractive forces in pseudopeptidic building blocks can successfully guide the product distribution in a dynamic library towards topologically more complex compounds that are in principle not expected. The interactions described herein are highly dependent on molecular architecture and media so effective recognition can be altered by just minimal structural or environmental changes. Thus, the chemical and constitutional information contained in the respective building blocks is decoded and expressed through dynamic covalent and non‐covalent bonds in the assembly of either a single macrostructure or an ensemble of components with larger structural diversity. The understanding of supramolecular forces responsible for the component assembly in minimalistic systems can help to comprehend more complex bio‐related processes such as protein folding or protein−protein interactions.
Brief report: Longitudinal associations between physical activity, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls
Authors: Raudsepp Lennart , Vink Kristi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionPhysical activity (PA) and sleep disturbances (SD) are related with depressive symptoms in adults. However, evidence that PA and SD are prospectively associated with depression is mixed. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal and bidirectional associations between PA, SD and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls.MethodsA 2‐year longitudinal study was conducted consisting of three waves, each separated by 1 year. The participants were 173 Estonian adolescent girls aged 14.3 ± 0.4 years (M±SD) who individually completed self‐report measures of PA, SD and depressive symptoms.ResultsLatent growth modelling indicated that the increase in depressive symptoms was associated with an increase in SD and a decrease in PA. Baseline levels of depressive symptoms were predictive of changes in PA and SD, but not the other way around. Moreover, initial SD predicted decrease in PA.ConclusionsHigh levels of depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with lower PA and higher SD after two years but not vice versa in adolescent girls.
Navigational Control Analysis of Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot in an Unknown Terrain Using Back-Propagation Neural Network Integrated Modified DAYANI Approach
Authors: Chhotray Animesh , Parhi Dayal R. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe present paper discusses on development and implementation of back-propagation neural network integrated modified DAYANI method for path control of a two-wheeled self-balancing robot in an obstacle cluttered environment. A five-layered back-propagation neural network has been instigated to find out the intensity of various weight factors considering seven navigational parameters as obtained from the modified DAYANI method. The intensity of weight factors is found out using the neural technique with input parameters such as number of visible intersecting obstacles along the goal direction, minimum visible front obstacle distances as obtained from the sensors, minimum left side obstacle distance within the visible left side range of the robot, average of left side obstacle distances, minimum right side obstacle distance within the visible right side range of the robot, average of right side obstacle distances and goal distance from the robot’s probable next position. Comparison between simulation and experimental exercises is carried out for verifying the robustness of the proposed controller. Also, the authenticity of the proposed controller is verified through a comparative analysis between the results obtained by other existing techniques with the current technique in an exactly similar test scenario and an enhancement of the results is witnessed.
Hazards of ventricular pre-excitation to left ventricular systolic function and ventricular wall motion in children: analysis of 25 cases
Authors: Guo Baojing , Dai Chencheng , Li Qiangqiang , Li Wenxiu , Han Ling 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to attach importance to the hazards of ventricular pre-excitation on left ventricular systolic function and size.MethodWe analysed the clinical, electrophysiological, and echocardiographic characteristics of the 25 cases with abnormal ventricular wall motion, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, or dilation with co-existing right-sided overt accessary pathways before and after ablation or medication during March 2011 and June 2017. Moreover, we compared the therapy effect between patients with ventricular pre-excitation-induced dilated cardiomyopathy and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy without ventricular pre-excitation.ResultAbnormal ventricular wall motion was demonstrated using M-mode echocardiography in 23 cases. The basal segments of the interventricular septum became thin and moved similarly to an aneurysm with typical bulging during end-systole, which was observed in 16 cases. Dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in 14 cases. A total of 23 patients underwent successful ablations and received medications, and the other two patients received only oral medications because of young age. The prognosis of pre-excitation-induced dilated cardiomyopathy is better than idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. All the cases with abnormal ventricular wall motion demonstrated recovery of normal left ventricular ejection fraction and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter through ablation.ConclusionVentricular pre-excitation caused by right-sided accessory pathways may result in abnormal ventricular wall motion, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, dilation, and even dilated cardiomyopathy. In some cases with dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular pre-excitation may not be the cause of disease but a harmful factor which hampered the recovering of left ventricular systolic function. These conditions are indications for ablation with good prognosis.
High‐Temperature Deformation Behavior of Synthetic Polycrystalline Magnetite
Authors: Till J. L. , Rybacki E. , Morales L.F.G. , Naumann M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe performed a series of deformation experiments on synthetic magnetite aggregates to characterize the high‐temperature rheological behavior of this mineral under nominally dry and hydrous conditions. Grain growth laws for magnetite were additionally determined from a series of static annealing tests. Synthetic magnetite aggregates were formed by hot isostatic pressing of fine‐grained magnetite powder at 1,100 °C temperature and 300‐MPa confining pressure for 20 hr, resulting in polycrystalline material with a mean grain size around 40 μm and containing 2–4% porosity. Samples were subsequently deformed to axial strains of up to 10% under constant load conditions at temperatures between 900 and 1,150 °C in a triaxial deformation apparatus under 300‐MPa confining pressure at applied stresses in the range of 8–385 MPa or in a uniaxial creep rig at atmospheric pressure with stresses of 1–15 MPa. The aggregates exhibit typical power‐law creep behavior with a mean stress exponent of 3 at high stresses, indicating a dislocation creep mechanism and a transition to near‐Newtonian creep with a mean stress exponent of 1.1 at lower stresses. The presence of water in the magnetite samples resulted in significantly enhanced static grain growth and strain rates. Best‐fit flow laws to the data indicate activation energies of around 460 and 310 kJ/mol for dislocation and diffusion creep of nominally dry magnetite, respectively. Based on the experimentally determined flow laws, magnetite is predicted to be weaker than most major silicate phases in relatively dry rocks such as oceanic gabbros during high‐temperature crustal deformation.
Nonthermal Influences on Mg/Ca in Planktonic Foraminifera: A Review of Culture Studies and Application to the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Gray William R. , Evans David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlanktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca is one of the most widely applied sea surface temperature proxies. While the influence of salinity on Mg/Ca has led the accuracy of Mg/Ca‐temperatures to be questioned, the effect of seawater carbonate chemistry (pH) is seldom accounted for down‐core. Using published data sets, we review controls on Mg/Ca in laboratory cultures of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white), Trilobatus sacculifer, Globigerina bulloides, and Orbulina universa. All are characterized by a temperature sensitivity of ~6% per °C and a salinity sensitivity of ~4% per salinity unit; all except T. sacculifer are sensitive to carbonate chemistry (−5 to −9% per 0.1 pH units). We demonstrate the down‐core manifestation of these sensitivities using data spanning the last deglaciation and an Earth System Model forced with last glacial maximum conditions. While the effects of salinity are relatively minor, seawater carbonate chemistry exerts a large bias on Mg/Ca temperature if unaccounted for; however, as local pH changes beyond the effect of atmospheric CO2 are relatively small across most of the ocean (less than ±0.05 pH units, 2σ), atmospheric CO2 can be used to accurately correct Mg/Ca temperatures. We present protocols to correct Mg/Ca for pH down‐core using either atmospheric CO2 or (preferably) boron isotopes in a new software package “MgCaRB.”
Forecasting the Structure and Orientation of Earthbound Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Kilpua E.K.J. , Lugaz N. , Mays M. L. , Temmer M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCoronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the key drivers of strong to extreme space weather storms at the Earth that can have drastic consequences for technological systems in space and on ground. The ability of a CME to drive geomagnetic disturbances depends crucially on the magnetic structure of the embedded flux rope, which is thus essential to predict. The current capabilities in forecasting in advance (at least half a day before) the geoeffectiveness of a given CME is however severely hampered by the lack of remote‐sensing measurements of the magnetic field in the corona and adequate tools to predict how CMEs deform, rotate, and deflect during their travel through the coronal and interplanetary space as they interact with the ambient solar wind and other CMEs. These problems can lead not only to overestimation or underestimation of the severity of a storm, but also to forecasting “misses” and “false alarms” that are particularly difficult for the end‐users. In this paper, we discuss the current status and future challenges and prospects related to forecasting of the magnetic structure and orientation of CMEs. We focus both on observational‐ and modeling‐based (first principle and semiempirical) approaches and discuss the space‐ and ground‐based observations that would be the most optimal for making accurate space weather predictions. We also cover the gaps in our current understanding related to the formation and eruption of the CME flux rope and physical processes that govern its evolution in the variable ambient solar wind background that complicate the forecasting.