bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic efficacy of long non-coding RNA in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dai Shui-Ping , Jin Jing , Li Wei-Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe detection of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a novel method for lung cancer diagnosis. However, the diagnostic efficacy of lncRNA in different studies is inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to elucidate the diagnostic efficacy of lncRNA in identification of lung cancer including small cell lung cancer. The online PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang literature databases were searched to identify all related articles about the diagnostic efficacy of lncRNA for lung cancer. 28 articles including 3044 patients with lung cancer and 2598 controls were enrolled in our meta-analysis. lncRNA sustained a high diagnostic efficacy, pooled sensitivity of 0.82 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.84), specificity of 0.82 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.84) and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.91) in identification of patients with lung cancer from controls. Furthermore, the diagnostic efficacy of paralleled lncRNA was better than single lncRNA (sensitivity: 0.86 vs 0.80; specificity: 0.88 vs 0.78; AUC: 0.93 vs 0.86). MALAT1 had a better diagnostic efficacy than GAS5 (AUC: 0.90 vs 0.81; sensitivity: 0.83 vs 0.70; specificity: 0.83 vs 0.78). lncRNA in tissues was observed to achieve lower diagnostic efficacy than that in plasma or serum (AUC: 0.87 vs 0.90 vs 0.90) when stratified by sample types. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that lncRNA might be a promising biomarker(s) for identifying lung cancer and the combination of lncRNA or with other biomarkers had a better diagnostic efficacy.
Vestibular cerebellar evoked potentials in humans and their modulation during optokinetic stimulation
Authors: Todd Neil P. M. , Govender Sendhil , Colebatch James G. 
Published: October 2018

We recorded evoked potentials (EPs) from over the posterior fossa and in parallel ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (OVEMPs) during visuo-vestibular stimulation in a sample of 7 male and 11 female human subjects. In 9 of the 18 subjects we were able to record EPs reliably in the form of an early biphasic positive-negative wave with latencies ~12 and 17 ms ipsilateral to head acceleration direction (P12-N17) and a slightly later, contralateral, biphasic positive-negative wave with latencies ~19 and 23 ms (P19-N23). The amplitudes of the responses varied widely between subjects. Both P12 and N23 EPs were modulated by the mode of visual stimulation, larger for vection (sense of movement) compared with optokinetic nystagmus and for congruent movement. We suggest that the EPs measured over the posterior fossa are a manifestation of climbing fiber responses of cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells, i.e., a form of vestibular cerebellar EP (VsCEP). The two subject groups with and without VsCEPs were distinguished by the magnitude of their OVEMPs and their subjective experience of vection. The modulation of VsCEPs by visual context may be a manifestation of cerebellar control of linear vestibular ocular reflex gain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report likely vestibular cerebellar evoked potentials (VsCEPs) produced by lateral head impulses recorded in intact humans over the posterior fossa. VsCEPs occurred as short-latency P12-N17 waves ipsilateral to the direction of head motion and as P19-N23 contralaterally and were present in half our subjects. Their properties suggest that the VsCEPs may be of a climbing-fiber origin. VsCEPs are related to the perception of motion and, possibly, control of linear vestibular ocular reflex gain.
Adult Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Risk in Women with a Family History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Niehoff Nicole M. , Nichols Hazel B. , Zhao Shanshan , White Alexandra J. , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background:
Recreational physical activity has been consistently associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Less is known about how family history of breast cancer affects the association and whether it varies by menopausal status.

Methods:
The Sister Study is a cohort of 50,884 women who had a sister with breast cancer but no prior breast cancer themselves at enrollment. Women reported all recreational sport/exercise activities they participated in over the past 12 months. Hours/week and MET-hours/week of physical activity were considered in association with breast cancer risk. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with Cox regression. Extent of family history, examined as a modifier, was characterized by a Bayesian score incorporating characteristics of the family structure.

Results:
During follow-up (average 8.4 years), 3,023 cases were diagnosed. Higher hours/week (HR≥7vs&lt;1 = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66–0.90) and MET-hours/week (HRquartile4vs1 = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67–0.85) of physical activity were associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Hours/week and MET-hours/week were associated with suggestively increased premenopausal breast cancer risk (MET-hours/week HRquartile4vs1 = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.98–1.60). Associations did not vary with extent of family history. However, the increased risk in premenopausal women may be limited to those with stronger family history.

Conclusions:
In women with a family history of breast cancer, physical activity was associated with reduced postmenopausal, but not premenopausal, breast cancer risk and was not modified by extent of family history.

Impact:
This was the first study to examine the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk in a large population with a family history of breast cancer.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Potentiates the Efficacy of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Blockade and Promotes an Immune Stimulatory Microenvironment in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Kirane Amanda , Huang Huocong , Sorrelle Noah B. , Burrows Francis J. , Dellinger Michael T. , Brekken Rolf A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Resistance to standard therapy remains a major challenge in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Although anti-VEGF therapy delays PDA progression, therapy-induced hypoxia results in a less differentiated mesenchymal-like tumor cell phenotype, which reinforces the need for effective companion therapies. COX-2 inhibition has been shown to promote tumor cell differentiation and improve standard therapy response in PDA. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of COX-2 inhibition and VEGF blockade in preclinical models of PDA. In vivo, the combination therapy was more effective in limiting tumor growth and metastasis than single-agent therapy. Combination therapy also reversed anti-VEGF–induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and collagen deposition and altered the immune landscape by increasing tumor-associated CD8+ T cells while reducing FoxP3+ T cells and FasL expression on the tumor endothelium.

Implications:
Together, these findings demonstrate that COX-2 inhibition enhances the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy by reducing hypoxia-induced epithelial plasticity and promoting an immune landscape that might facilitate immune activation.
Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/2/348/F1.large.jpg.
Genetic and Epigenetic Determinants of Aggressiveness in Cribriform Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Elfandy Habiba , Armenia Joshua , Pederzoli Filippo , Pullman Eli , Pertega-Gomes Nelma , Schultz Nikolaus , Viswanathan Kartik , Vosoughi Aram , Blattner Mirjam , Stopsack Konrad H. , Zadra Giorgia , Penney Kathryn L. , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Tyekucheva Svitlana , Mucci Lorelei A. , Barbieri Christopher , Loda Massimo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Among prostate cancers containing Gleason pattern 4, cribriform morphology is associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic factors, but its genetic features and association with long-term outcomes are incompletely understood. In this study, genetic, transcriptional, and epigenetic features of invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) tumors were compared with non-cribriform Gleason 4 (NC4) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. ICC (n = 164) had distinctive molecular features when compared with NC4 (n = 102). These include: (i) increased somatic copy number variations (SCNV), specifically deletions at 6q, 8p and 10q, which encompassed PTEN and MAP3K7 losses and gains at 3q; (ii) increased SPOPmut and ATMmut; (iii) enrichment for mTORC1 and MYC pathways by gene expression; and (iv) increased methylation of selected genes. In addition, when compared with the metastatic prostate cancer, ICC clustered more closely to metastatic prostate cancer than NC4. Validation in clinical cohorts and genomically annotated murine models confirmed the association with SPOPmut (n = 38) and PTENloss (n = 818). The association of ICC with lethal disease was evaluated in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and Physicians' Health Study (PHS) prospective prostate cancer cohorts (median follow-up, 13.4 years; n = 818). Patients with ICC were more likely to develop lethal cancer [HR, 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–2.49], independent from Gleason score (GS).

Implications:
ICC has a distinct molecular phenotype that resembles metastatic prostate cancer and is associated with progression to lethal disease.
Large but Nonstenotic Carotid Artery Plaque in Patients With a History of Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
Authors: Komatsu Teppei , Iguchi Yasuyuki , Arai Ayumi , Sakuta Kenichi , Sakai Kenichiro , Terasawa Yuka , Mitsumura Hidetaka , Matsushima Masato 
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose—
This study’s objective is to determine if nonstenotic carotid plaque of <50% luminal narrowing predominantly develops ipsilateral rather than contralateral to the stroke site.

Methods—
This was a cross-sectional observational study. We identified consecutive patients with anterior circulation embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), excluding stroke in multiple vascular territories. Using ultrasonography, we measured the internal carotid plaque size and stenosis for each patient. We dichotomized the plaque size at several predefined thresholds and calculated the frequency of the plaque size and morphology above each threshold ipsilateral versus contralateral to the stroke site.

Results—

We included 53 patients with unilateral anterior circulation ESUS. Initially, we found that plaque with a thickness ≥1.5 mm was present ipsilateral to the stroke site in 59% of the patients, and present contralateral to the stroke site in 42% of the patients (31/53 versus 22/53 patients;
P
=0.049). Plaque with low echo likewise had a similar prevalence when present ipsilateral (9%) and contralateral (4%) to the stroke site (5/53 versus 2/53;
P
=0.25).

Conclusions—
Internal carotid artery plaque with a thickness ≥1.5 mm but that is nonstenotic (<50%) is considerably more common when ipsilateral to the ESUS site than when contralateral to the ESUS site, especially in plaque with a thickness ≥2.6 mm. Large but nonstenotic carotid artery plaque is associated with anterior circulation ESUS.
Intranasal oxytocin does not alter initial perceptions of facial trustworthiness in younger or older adults
Authors: Grainger Sarah A , Henry Julie D , Steinvik Henriette R , Vanman Eric J 
Published: October 2018

Background: Oxytocin is a neuropeptide involved in a range of social processes, and prior research has shown that intranasal oxytocin (iOT) may enhance trusting behaviors. However, it is unclear whether iOT influences perceptions of whether a face is trustworthy. In addition, no studies in this literature have investigated whether the participant’s age may play a moderating role in the effects of iOT on trust. Aims: We aimed to examine for the first time whether iOT influences perceptions of facial trustworthiness and eye-gaze patterns and, if so, whether age moderates these iOT effects. Methods: One hundred and eighteen participants took part in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-groups study. Participants made judgments about the perceived trustworthiness of a series of faces while their eye movements were monitored. Results: Younger and older adults differed in their judgments of facial trustworthiness. However, most critically, iOT had no effect on these judgments for either age group. For the eye-tracking data, prior age effects in attending to the stimuli were replicated, with older adults gazing less at the eye region and more at the mouth region relative to younger adults. However, iOT had no effect on eye gaze. Conclusions: These findings are discussed in relation to the growing body of literature that suggests that the effect of iOT on social processing is complex and may not be as robust as first thought.
Intratympanic dexamethasone for managing pregnant women with sudden hearing loss
Authors: Fu Yaoyao , Jing Jianghua , Ren Tongli , Zhao Hui 
Published: October 2018

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect and safety of intratympanic dexamethasone in pregnant women with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Methods We performed a prospective study on pregnant women who suffered from ISSNHL and were treated in our clinic during 2016. The patients received intratympanic treatment three to four times a week. A pure tone audiogram (PTA) was performed before treatment and patients were followed up until 2 months after treatment was finished. Results A total of six pregnant women were included. All of the patients tolerated intratympanic treatment well. The mean improvement in hearing was 48 ± 7.33 dB. There were no complications, including permanent perforation of the ear drum or middle ear infection. Each patient delivered a healthy newborn. Conclusion Intratympanic dexamethasone is effective and safe for treating pregnant women with ISSNHL. Further randomized, controlled studies on this treatment need to be performed.
Combined Subtalar and Naviculocuneiform Fusion for Treating Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity With Medial Arch Collapse at the Level of the Naviculocuneiform Joint
Authors: Steiner Caspar Samuel , Gilgen Andrea , Zwicky Lukas , Schweizer Christine , Ruiz Roxa , Hintermann Beat 
Published: October 2018

Background: A challenge in treating acquired flatfoot deformities is the collapse of the medial arch at the level of the naviculocuneiform (NC) joint. Triple fusions, being a treatment option, may lead to problems such as increased foot stiffness. We thus established a method that combines subtalar (ST) fusion with NC fusion while preserving the Chopart joint. We analyzed the radiographic correction, fusion rate, and patient satisfaction with this procedure. Methods: 34 feet in 31 patients (female, 23; male, 8; age 67 [45-81] years) were treated with a ST and NC joint fusion. In 15 cases, a medial sliding-osteotomy was additionally necessary to fully correct hindfoot valgus. The following radiographic parameters were measured on weightbearing radiographs preoperatively and at 2 years: talo–first metatarsal angle, talocalcaneal angle, calcaneal pitch, talonavicular coverage angle and calcaneal offset. Fusion was radiologically confirmed. Results: All parameters, except the calcaneal pitch, showed a significant improvement. Fusion was observed after 1 year in all but 2 cases (94.1%). One nonunion each occurred at the ST and NC joint without needing any subsequent treatment. One patient developed avascular necrosis of the lateral talus with need for total ankle replacement after 1 year. All patients were satisfied with the obtained results. Conclusion: Our data suggest that a combined fusion of the ST and NC joint was effective and safe when treating adult acquired flatfoot with collapse of the medial arch at the level of the NC joint. Although the talonavicular joint was not fused, its subluxation was significantly reduced. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
The effect of tunnel length and position on postoperative corneal astigmatism: An optical coherence tomographic study
Authors: Sonmez Serap , Karaca Cagatay 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of variation in tunnel length of same-sized clear corneal phacoemulsification incisions on the generation of surgically induced astigmatism and corneal astigmatism. Methods: A total of 126 cataract patients treated in four study groups based on location and tunnel length of the clear corneal incisions (superior long, superior short, temporal long, temporal short) were reviewed. In the short tunnel groups, a 2.8 mm keratome was used with a motion parallel to the iris surface, while in the long tunnel groups, the same keratome was advanced in the corneal stroma until the mark on the keratome was reached. The surgically induced astigmatism and the corneal astigmatism were measured with corneal topography. The tunnel lengths were determined by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Results: The tunnel lengths of the long tunnel groups were significantly longer than the short tunnel groups. The total and anterior corneal surgically induced astigmatism of the superior long group was significantly higher than the other groups. Posterior corneal surgically induced astigmatism was similar. The postoperative total and anterior corneal astigmatism values of the superior long group was significantly higher than the other groups. No difference was observed for mean change in corneal astigmatism between the groups. Conclusion: The tunnel length of a clear corneal incision is a significant determinant of surgically induced astigmatism for superior placed corneal incisions. Therefore, for superiorly positioned clear corneal incision, the incision should be rectangular with a shorter tunnel to keep the surgically induced astigmatism to a minimum. For squarer-shaped clear corneal incision, limbal-temporal incisions may be performed for astigmatic neutrality.
Generalizing the per-protocol treatment effect: The case of ACTG A5095
Authors: Lu Haidong , Cole Stephen R , Hall H Irene , Schisterman Enrique F , Breger Tiffany L , K Edwards Jessie , Westreich Daniel 
Published: October 2018

Background Intention-to-treat comparisons of randomized trials provide asymptotically consistent estimators of the effect of treatment assignment, without regard to compliance. However, decision makers often wish to know the effect of a per-protocol comparison. Moreover, decision makers may also wish to know the effect of treatment assignment or treatment protocol in a user-specified target population other than the sample in which the trial was fielded. Here, we aimed to generalize results from the ACTG A5095 trial to the US recently HIV-diagnosed target population. Methods We first replicated the published conventional intention-to-treat estimate (2-year risk difference and hazard ratio) comparing a four-drug antiretroviral regimen to a three-drug regimen in the A5095 trial. We then estimated the intention-to-treat effect that accounted for informative dropout and the per-protocol effect that additionally accounted for protocol deviations by constructing inverse probability weights. Furthermore, we employed inverse odds of sampling weights to generalize both intention-to-treat and per-protocol effects to a target population comprising US individuals with HIV diagnosed during 2008–2014. Results Of 761 subjects in the analysis, 82 dropouts (36 in the three-drug arm and 46 in the four-drug arm) and 59 protocol deviations (25 in the three-drug arm and 34 in the four-drug arm) occurred during the first 2 years of follow-up. A total of 169 subjects incurred virologic failure or death. The 2-year risks were similar both in the trial and in the US HIV-diagnosed target population for estimates from the conventional intention-to-treat, dropout-weighted intention-to-treat, and per-protocol analyses. In the US target population, the 2-year conventional intention-to-treat risk difference (unit: %) for virologic failure or death comparing the four-drug arm to the three-drug arm was −0.4 (95% confidence interval: −6.2, 5.1), while the hazard ratio was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.70, 1.34); the 2-year risk difference was −0.9 (95% confidence interval: −6.9, 5.3) for the dropout-weighted intention-to-treat comparison (hazard ratio = 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 1.32) and −0.7 (95% confidence interval: −6.7, 5.5) for the per-protocol comparison (hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.69, 1.34). Conclusion No benefit of four-drug antiretroviral regimen over three-drug regimen was found from the conventional intention-to-treat, dropout-weighted intention-to-treat or per-protocol estimates in the trial sample or target population.
How the mode of organ donation affects family behaviour at the time of organ donation
Authors: Prescott Joel , Gardiner Dale , Hogg Lorraine , Harvey Dan 
Published: October 2018

Introduction End of life and organ donation discussions come at a time of acute emotional unrest for grieving relatives. Their attitudes and eventual decisions regarding consent to organ donation are shaped by multiple factors during these stressful periods. At our tertiary centre intensive care unit, we anecdotally observed that the mode of organ donation affects family behaviour as to whether families stay until transfer to theatre for organ recovery, or leave after consenting for donation. We sought to ascertain if this observation was true and then to hypothesise reasons for why this may be the case. Methods Records of patients consented for deceased organ donation between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust were reviewed and analysed. Results After exclusion criteria were applied, 91 patient cases were included in the final analysis (donation after brainstem death (DBD), 36; donation after circulatory death (DCD), 55). Thirty-six per cent of DBD families stayed until the point of organ recovery compared to 80% of DCD families (p < 0.00001). Discussion We hypothesise that this family behaviour may be indicative of an acceptance in DBD of the patient's death, and therefore that the patient has moved beyond further harm. For this reason, the family may feel able to leave after consent for donation. A greater understanding of how family behaviours differ depending on the mode of organ donation may aid how these families are best cared for in the intensive care unit.
Evaluation of two strategies for debriefing simulation in the development of skills for neonatal resuscitation: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gamboa Oscar Andrés , Agudelo Sergio Iván , Maldonado María Jose , Leguizamón Diana C. , Cala Sandra M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate two debriefing strategies for the development of neonatal resuscitation skills in health professionals responsible for the critical newborn care in a high-complexity university Hospital.

Results
A simple blind randomized clinical trial was conducted. Twenty-four professionals (pediatricians, nurses, and respiratory therapists) were randomly assigned for two interventions; one group received oral debriefing and the other oral debriefing assisted by video. Three standardized clinical scenarios that were recorded on video were executed. A checklist was applied for the evaluation, administered by a reviewer blinded to the assignment of the type of debriefing. The two debriefing strategies increased the technical and behavioral neonatal resuscitation skills of the participants, without one being superior to the other. The coefficient of the difference in the compliance percentage between the two types of debriefing was − 3.6% (95% CI − 13.77% to 6.47%). When comparing the development of technical and behavioral skills among the professionals evaluated, no significant differences were found between the types of debriefing. The two debriefing strategies increase compliance percentages, reaching or approaching 100%.
Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03606278. July 30, 2018. Retrospectively registered