bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A MapReduce‐based modified Grey Wolf optimizer for QoS‐aware big service composition
Authors: Bhaskar Bhattu , Jatoth Chandrashekar , Gangadharan G.R. , Fiore Ugo 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBig services are the collection of interrelated web services across virtual and physical domains, integrating service oriented computing and big data. The rapid growth of Big services that offer similar functionality with varying QoS attributes makes the process of selection and composition of these big services as highly challenging and complex. In this paper, we develop an efficient QoS‐aware Big service composition approach by applying a MapReduce based Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer (MR‐MGWO) that explores more search space, especially in a multidimensional environment. Our approach ensures an optimal balance of exploration and exploitation that enhances the convergence rate and minimizes the computational time. The empirical analysis illustrates that the performance of MR‐MGWO is superior to other similar approaches for solving Big service composition.
Decentralized LPWAN infrastructure using blockchain and digital signatures
Authors: Durand Arnaud , Gremaud Pascal , Pasquier Jacques 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper introduces a fully decentralized low‐power wide‐area network (LPWAN) infrastructure for the Internet of Things (IoT) using the LoRa protocol. While global LPWANs typically require roaming agreements between network providers and a trusted third party for server resolution, we propose a trustless model where the network servers are resolved using a blockchain application. Since LoRaWAN relies on symmetric cryptography, we also propose a new security model that adds non‐repudiation using digital signatures. This paves the way for linking devices to decentralized applications. We finally analyze the impact of this new model on message size and energy requirements.
Single‐Cell RNA‐seq: Introduction to Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Ji Fei , Sadreyev Ruslan I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuantitative analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) is crucial for discovering the heterogeneity of cell populations and understanding the molecular mechanisms in different cells. In this unit we present a bioinformatics workflow for analyzing single‐cell RNA‐seq data with a few current publicly available computational tools. This workflow is focused on the interpretation of the heterogeneity from single‐cell transcriptomes as well as the identification of cell clusters and genes that are differentially expressed between clusters. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Effect of Using Pazopanib With Food vs. Fasted on Pharmacokinetics, Patient Safety, and Preference (DIET Study)
Authors: Lubberman Floor J.E. , Gelderblom Hans , Hamberg Paul , Vervenne Walter L. , Mulder Sasja F. , Jansman Frank G.A. , Colbers Angela , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Burger David M. , Luelmo Saskia , Moes Dirk Jan A.R. , van Herpen Carla M.L. , van Erp Nielka P. 
Published: May 2019

Pazopanib is taken fasted in a fixed oral daily dose of 800 mg. We hypothesized that ingesting pazopanib with food may improve patients’ comfort and reduce gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events. Therefore, we investigated the bioequivalent dose of pazopanib when taken with food compared with 800 mg pazopanib taken fasted. In addition, we investigated the differences in GI toxicity, patient satisfaction, and patient's preference for either intake. The intake of 600 mg pazopanib with food resulted in a bioequivalent exposure and was preferred over a standard pazopanib dose without food. No differences were seen in GI toxicities under both intake regimens. Patients seem to be more positive about their feelings about side effects and satisfaction with their therapy when pazopanib was taken with food. Forty‐one of the patients (68%) preferred the intake with a continental breakfast.
Determination of benzodiazepines in blood and in dried blood spots collected from post‐mortem samples and evaluation of the stability over a three‐month period
Authors: Moretti Matteo , Freni Francesca , Tomaciello Ilaria , Vignali Claudia , Groppi Angelo , Visonà Silvia Damiana , Tajana Luca , Osculati Antonio Marco Maria , Morini Luca 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aims of this study were (a) to develop a liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the identification of 27 benzodiazepines and metabolites in dried blood spots (DBSs) and in whole blood; (b) to compare the diagnostic reliability of DBSs with blood analyses; and c) to monitor analytes stability on DBSs within a three‐month period. Aliquots of 85 μL of blood from post‐mortem cases were pipetted on cards for DBS analysis. We also collected a tube of blood and stored it at − 20°C. The cards were allowed to dry at room temperature. For each case, DBSs were analyzed immediately (T0), within the following 3 weeks (T1, T2, T3) and after 3 months (T4). The method was applied to 60 post‐mortem cases. A screening procedure was applied to all 27 molecules, while the method was fully validated for the 9 molecules detected in real samples. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range 0.1–50.0 ng/mL and 5.0–100.0 ng/mL, respectively. Nine analytes were detected and quantitated in 14 cases: diazepam (n = 6, 58–162 ng/mL), desmethyldiazepam (n = 6, 99‐ > 500 ng/mL), 7‐aminoclonazepam (n = 5, 43‐ > 500 ng/mL), alprazolam (n = 2, 15 and 69 ng/mL), chlordesmethyldiazepam (n = 1, 55 ng/mL), desalkylflurazepam (n = 1, 270 ng/mL), flurazepam (n = 1, 50 ng/mL), medazepam (n = 1, 155 ng/mL), and midazolam (n = 1, 227 ng/mL). The concentrations on DBSs were in good agreement with those obtained on conventional blood samples (<20% variation). Except for midazolam (degraded in 1 week), desalkylflurazepam and medazepam (decreased more than 50% after three months), a good stability for a three‐month period was observed for most of the compounds detected in real post‐mortem samples.
Training RAN or reading? A telerehabilitation study on developmental dyslexia
Authors: Pecini Chiara , Spoglianti Silvia , Bonetti Silvia , Di Lieto Maria Chiara , Guaran Francesca , Martinelli Alice , Gasperini Filippo , Cristofani Paola , Casalini Claudia , Mazzotti Sara , Salvadorini Renata , Bargagna Stefania , Palladino Paola , Cismondo Dhebora , Verga Athena , Zorzi Carolina , Brizzolara Daniela , Vio Claudio , Chilosi Anna Maria 
Published: May 2019

Rehabilitation procedures recommended for developmental dyslexia (DD) are still not fully defined, and only few studies directly compare different types of training. This study compared a training (Reading Trainer) working on the reading impairment with one (Run the RAN) working on the rapid automatized naming (RAN) impairment, one of the main cognitive deficits associated with DD. Two groups of DD children (N = 45) equivalent for age, sex, full IQ, and reading speed were trained either by Reading Trainer (n = 21) or by Run the RAN (n = 24); both trainings required an intensive home exercise, lasting 3 months. Both trainings showed significant improvements in reading speed and accuracy of passages and words. Bypassing the use of alphanumeric stimuli, but empowering the cognitive processes underlying reading, training RAN may be a valid tool in children with reading difficulties opening new perspectives for children with severe impairments or, even, at risk of reading difficulties.
Is MHC diversity a better marker for conservation than neutral genetic diversity? A case study of two contrasting dolphin populations
Authors: Manlik Oliver , Krützen Michael , Kopps Anna M. , Mann Janet , Bejder Lars , Allen Simon J. , Frère Celine , Connor Richard C. , Sherwin William B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenetic diversity is essential for populations to adapt to changing environments. Measures of genetic diversity are often based on selectively neutral markers, such as microsatellites. Genetic diversity to guide conservation management, however, is better reflected by adaptive markers, including genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Our aim was to assess MHC and neutral genetic diversity in two contrasting bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) populations in Western Australia—one apparently viable population with high reproductive output (Shark Bay) and one with lower reproductive output that was forecast to decline (Bunbury). We assessed genetic variation in the two populations by sequencing the MHC class II DQB, which encompasses the functionally important peptide binding regions (PBR). Neutral genetic diversity was assessed by genotyping twenty‐three microsatellite loci.We confirmed that MHC is an adaptive marker in both populations. Overall, the Shark Bay population exhibited greater MHC diversity than the Bunbury population—for example, it displayed greater MHC nucleotide diversity. In contrast, the difference in microsatellite diversity between the two populations was comparatively low.Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that viable populations typically display greater genetic diversity than less viable populations. The results also suggest that MHC variation is more closely associated with population viability than neutral genetic variation. Although the inferences from our findings are limited, because we only compared two populations, our results add to a growing number of studies that highlight the usefulness of MHC as a potentially suitable genetic marker for animal conservation. The Shark Bay population, which carries greater adaptive genetic diversity than the Bunbury population, is thus likely more robust to natural or human‐induced changes to the coastal ecosystem it inhabits.
Automated delineation of non‐small cell lung cancer: A step toward quantitative reasoning in medical decision science
Authors: Saad Maliazurina , Lee Ik Hyun , Choi Tae‐Sun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuantitative reasoning in medical decision science relies on the delineation of pathological objects. For example, evidence‐based clinical decisions regarding lung diseases require the segmentation of nodules, tumors, or cancers. Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tends to be large sized, irregularly shaped, and grows against surrounding structures imposing challenges in the segmentation, even for expert clinicians. An automated delineation tool based on spatial analysis was developed and studied on 25 sets of computed tomography scans of NSCLC. Manual and automated delineations were compared, and the proposed method exhibited robustness in terms of the tumor size (5.32–18.24 mm), shape (spherical or irregular), contouring (lobulated, spiculated, or cavitated), localization (solitary, pleural, mediastinal, endobronchial, or tagging), and laterality (left or right lobe) with accuracy between 80% and 99%. Small discrepancies observed between the manual and automated delineations may arise from the variability in the practitioners' definitions of region of interest or imaging artifacts that reduced the tissue resolution.
AN OVERVIEW OF DRAINAGE AND SALINIZATION PROBLEMS OF IRRIGATED LANDS
Authors: Singh Ajay 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of irrigated agriculture is essential to feed the growing world population. Nevertheless, without proper drainage provisions, this development can result in salinization and rising groundwater table problems in irrigated areas. An effective drainage system not only improves existing agricultural lands but also brings new areas under cultivation. Poor drainage and the associated salinization cause a reduction in crop growth and yield and this reduction will be much higher if both salinization and submergence occur simultaneously. Drainage is necessary for humid as well as dry regions and it is one of the main inputs to obtain better yields per unit of agricultural area. The provision of drainage has many direct and indirect effects. This paper provides an overview of the drainage and salinization problems of irrigated lands and their impact on overall agricultural productivity. The significance of the study along with its goals and the historical development of agricultural drainage is provided. The processes involved in drainage‐associated salinization of irrigated lands and the effects of salinization and shallow groundwater tables on plant growth and yield and the environmental perspective of the problems are also detailed in the paper. Conclusions are provided that can be of use to the reader. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between sleep conditions and body composition states: results of the EPISONO study
Authors: Piovezan Ronaldo D. , Hirotsu Camila , Moizinho Renato , de Sá Souza Helton , D'Almeida Vania , Tufik Sergio , Poyares Dalva 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests anthropometric indicators of obesity are associated with changes in sleep quality and quantity, and the presence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Investigations including diverse and objective evaluations of sleep and body composition are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the associations between indicators of sleep impairment and body composition states in a sample from a population‐based study.MethodsParticipants of the first follow‐up of the EPISONO (São Paulo, Brazil) >50 years were cross‐sectionally evaluated. Sleep was assessed through questionnaires, actigraphy, and polysomnography. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted for body mass index defined sarcopenia (men <0.789 and women <0.512). Total body fat defined obesity (men >30% and women >40%). The overlap between both conditions defined sarcopenic obesity (SO). Final results were obtained by multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsThree hundred fifty‐nine adults [mean (standard deviation) age, 61 (8.8) years; 212 (59.1%) female] were enrolled. Obesity was detected in 22.6% of the sample, sarcopenia in 5.6%, and SO in 16.2%. After controlling for covariates, OSA was associated with SO [odds ratio = 3.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49–6.61]. Additionally, nocturnal hypoxaemia was associated with both obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.49–4.49) and SO (odds ratio = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.39–6.13). Other indicators of poor sleep/sleep disorders were not associated with body composition states.ConclusionsSarcopenic obesity but not obesity alone was associated with OSA. Both obesity and SO but not sarcopenia were associated with nocturnal hypoxaemia. The findings suggest a complex pathophysiologic relationship between adverse body composition states and OSA. Upcoming research on risk factors and therapeutic interventions for OSA should target synchronically the lean and adipose body tissues.
Prophylactic endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients with upper gastrointestinal bleed: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chaudhuri Dipayan , Bishay Kirles , Tandon Parul , Trivedi Vatsal , James Paul D , Kelly Erin M , Thavorn Kednapa , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo 
Published: May 2019

Background and AimProphylactic endotracheal intubation for airway protection prior to endoscopy for the management of severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is controversial. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to examine the clinical outcomes and costs related to prophylactic endotracheal intubation compared to no intubation in UGIB.MethodsEMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were used to identify studies through June 2017. Data regarding mortality, total hospital and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), pneumonia, and cardiovascular events were collected. The DerSimonian‐Laird random effects models were used to calculate the inverse variance‐based weighted, pooled treatment effect across studies.ResultsSeven studies (five manuscripts and two abstracts) were identified (5662 total patients). Prophylactic intubation conferred an increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–6.64), hospital LOS (mean difference, 0.96 days, 95% CI: 0.26–1.67), and pneumonia (OR 6.58, 95% CI: 4.91–8.81]) compared to endoscopy without intubation. The LOS‐related cost was greater when prophylactic intubation was performed ($9020 per patient, 95% CI: $6962–10 609) compared to when it was not performed ($7510 per patient, 95% CI: $6486–8432). There was no difference in risk of cardiovascular events after sensitivity analysis.ConclusionProphylactic intubation in severe UGIB is associated with a greater risk of pneumonia, LOS, death, and cost compared to endoscopy without intubation. Randomized trials examining this issue are warranted.
Monitoring of acoustic cavitation in microbubble‐presented focused ultrasound exposure using gradient‐echo MRI
Authors: Wu Chen‐Hua , Liu Hao‐Li , Ho Cheng‐Tao , Hsu Po‐Hung , Fan Ching‐Hsiang , Yeh Chih‐Kuang , Kang Shih‐Tsung , Chen Wen‐Shiang , Wang Fu‐Nien , Peng Hsu‐Hsia 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundGadolinium‐based contrast agents can be used to identify the blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening after inducing a focused ultrasound (FUS) cavitation effect in the presence of microbubbles. However, the use of gadolinium may be limited for frequent routine monitoring of the BBB opening in clinical applications.PurposeTo use a gradient‐echo sequence without contrast agent administration for monitoring of acoustic cavitation.Study TypeAnimal and phantom prospective.Phantom/Animal ModelStatic and flowing gel phantoms; six normal adult male Sprague–Dawley rats.Field Strength/Sequence3T, 7T; fast low‐angle shot sequence.AssessmentBurst FUS with acoustic pressures = 1.5, 2.2, 2.8 MPa; pulse repetition frequencies = 1, 10,100 Hz; and duty cycles = 2%, 5%, 10% were transmitted to the chamber of a static phantom with microbubble concentrations = 10%, 1%, 0.1%. MR slice thicknesses = 3, 6, 8 mm were acquired. In flowing phantom experiments, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% microbubbles were infused and transmitted by burst FUS with an acoustic pressure = 0.4 and 1 MPa. In in vivo experiments, 0.25% microbubbles was infused and 0.8 MPa burst FUS was transmitted to targeted brain tissue beneath the superior sagittal sinus. The mean signal intensity (SI) was normalized using the mean SI from pre‐FUS.Statistical TestsTwo‐tailed Student's t‐test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn the static phantom, the time courses of normalized SI decreases to minimum SI levels of 70–80%. In the flowing phantom, substantial normalized SI of 160–230% was present with variant acoustic pressures and microbubble concentrations. Compared with in vivo control rats, the brain tissue of experimental rats with transmission of FUS pulses exhibited considerable decreases of normalized SI (P < 0.001) because of the cavitation‐induced perturbation of flow.Data ConclusionObserving gradient‐echo SI changes can help monitor the targeted location of microbubble‐enhanced FUS, which in turn assists the monitoring of the BBB opening.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:311–318.
High‐speed broadband Fourier‐transform coherent anti‐stokes Raman scattering spectral microscopy
Authors: Kinegawa Ryo , Hiramatsu Kotaro , Hashimoto Kazuki , Badarla Venkata Ramaiah , Ideguchi Takuro , Goda Keisuke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate broadband Fourier‐transform coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (FT‐CARS) spectral microscopy with a pixel dwell time of 42 μs, which is ~50 times shorter than the shortest‐to‐date pixel dwell time for CARS spectral microscopy. Our broadband FT‐CARS spectral microscope is composed of an FT‐CARS spectrometer, a rapid galvanometric scanner, and a high‐speed image acquisition circuit, enabling a frame rate of 2.4 fps with a pixel resolution of 100 × 100 pixels, a bandwidth of 600–1,200 cm−1, a spatial resolution of 0.95 μm, and a spectral resolution of 37 cm−1. As a proof‐of‐principle demonstration, we used the high‐speed FT‐CARS spectral microscope to perform CARS imaging of polymer beads and Haematococcus lacustris cells. Our high‐speed broadband CARS spectral microscope holds promise for studying rapid cellular dynamics, such as signaling, cell‐to‐cell communication, and molecular transport in a label‐free manner.
Patient selection in palliative surgery: Defining value
Authors: Cohen Joshua T. , Miner Thomas J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProper patient selection for palliative surgery requires a challenging and often complex decision‐making process. Optimally, proposed palliative procedures must be undertaken with an intent to provide the greatest possible value to patients at the end of life. This review describes the process of patient selection and identifies psychosocial, biochemical, and functional markers that can complement sound surgical judgment.
Dissolution corrosion of 4H‐SiC in lead‐bismuth eutectic at 550°C
Authors: Li Bingsheng , Sheng Yanbin , Liu Huiping , Lu Xirui , Shu Xiaoyan , Xiong Anli , Wang Xu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of 4H‐SiC in lead‐bismuth (Pb‐Bi) eutectic (LBE) at 550°C is investigated. To clarify the effect of irradiation damage on corrosion, samples with and without Si5+ ion irradiation are contrastively evaluated. The main results show that dissolution corrosion occurs in both unirradiated and irradiated samples, while the irradiation damage can accelerate the corrosion rate. The corroded surface is characterized by the loss of C element and the formation of amorphous layers with a slight enrichment of Si atoms. The possible reasons are discussed.
Anionic Hybrid Copolymerization via Concurrent Oxa‐Michael Addition and Ring‐Opening Polymerizations
Authors: Yang Hongjun , Zhang Jiadong , Zuo Yongkang , Song Yiye , Huang Wenyan , Jiang Li , Jiang Qimin , Xue Xiaoqiang , Jiang Bibiao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere, a new type of anionic hybrid copolymerization is exploited via the concurrent oxa‐Michael addition of ethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol diacrylate and the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone. The hybrid copolymerization process and the resulting copolymers are characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the hybrid copolymerization can proceed smoothly under mild reaction conditions and that the synthesized copolymer contains ester and ether structures in the backbone, possibly endowing the polymers with good hydrophilicity and degradability. More importantly, the composition of the synthesized polymer can be easily adjusted by changing the monomer feed ratio, and the chain crystallization is significantly reduced due to the random copolymeric structure. This hybrid copolymerization reaction provides a new method for synthesizing degradable functional copolymers from commercially available materials. Hence, this polymerization is important not only in polymer chemistry but also in environmental and biomedical engineering.