bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “Culture” Shift: Broad Bacterial Detection, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Directly from Whole Blood
Authors: Andini Nadya , Hu Anne , Zhou Luming , Cogill Steven , Wang Tza-Huei , Wittwer Carl T , Yang Samuel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe time required for bloodstream pathogen detection, identification (ID), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) does not satisfy the acute needs of disease management. Conventional methods take up to 3 days for ID and AST. Molecular diagnostics have reduced times for ID, but their promise to supplant culture is unmet because AST times remain slow. We developed a combined quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based ID+AST assay with sequential detection, ID, and AST of leading nosocomial bacterial pathogens.METHODSID+AST was performed on whole blood samples by (a) removing blood cells, (b) brief bacterial enrichment, (c) bacterial detection and ID, and (d) species-specific antimicrobial treatment. Broad-spectrum qPCR of the internal transcribed spacer between the 16S and 23S was amplified for detection. High-resolution melting identified the species with a curve classifier. AST was enabled by Ct differences between treated and untreated samples.RESULTSA detection limit of 1 CFU/mL was achieved for Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. All species were accurately identified by unique melting curves. Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were identified with Ct differences of ≥1 cycle. Using an RNA target allowed reduction of AST incubation time from 60 min to 5 min. Rapid-cycle amplification reduced qPCR times by 83% to 30 min.CONCLUSIONSCombined, sequential ID+AST protocols allow rapid and reliable detection, ID, and AST for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections, enabling conversion of empiric to targeted therapy by the second dose of antimicrobials.
A general overview of Turkish tourism
Authors: Karadeniz Oğuzhan 
Published: August 2018

International tourist movements are increasing every year and tourism revenues are increasing accordingly. The effort to get more shares from this growing market brings competition. when the tourism movements in the country were examined, the revival of the tourism movements took place only in the 1980s, with a record increase in the number of tourists and tourism revenues between 1983-1989. As of 2017 Turkey has regained its sixth world status which it lost in 2016. The most improvement in the number and the ratio of the tourists who came to our country between 2014 and 2018 are from the former Soviet Union and B.D.T. countries. From these countries, Russia has become the country that sends the highest number of tourists to Turkey with 4 715 438 tourists in 2017, compared to 2016 with an increase of 444.35%. It is thought that our country will be among the top 5 countries in the world by giving more opportunity to the promotion of tourism places, and working on alternative tourism places. Especially, it is predicted that the number of foreign visitors will increase greatly by increasing the number of airports constructed in various places of our country, including Airport 3 in Istanbul. The investments made for the development and spread of the tourism in our country will increase the number of tourists coming in and it is thought that it will make a big contribution in the economic sense as well. In this research, it is aimed to present proposals for the development of tourism by examining the development of Turkish tourism in recent years in this direction.
The Crucial Role of Cultural Probes in Participatory Design for and with Older Adults
Authors: Maaß Susanne , Buchmüller Sandra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Software systems meant to support older adults often are not well accepted as they do not meet the expectations and requirements of the target group. An involvement of older adults in system design seems imperative. The project ParTec investigated and evaluated techniques for participatory software development with regard to their suitability for communication and equal cooperation with older adults. With a group of 15 retirees we developed concepts for an online neighbourhood platform. Using various participatory techniques researchers and participants developed a deep common understanding of everyday life in early retirement, determined requirements and co-created design ideas and concepts. We will show that the use of cultural probes with subsequent qualitative interviews forms an ideal starting point and a strong fundament for a participatory design process with older adults.
Virtual Prototyping of Mixed Reality Interfaces with Internet of Things (IoT) Connectivity
Authors: Pfeiffer Thies , Pfeiffer-Leßmann Nadine 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
One key aspect of the Internet of Things (IoT) is, that human machine interfaces are disentangled from the physicality of the devices. This provides designers with more freedom, but also may lead to more abstract interfaces, as they lack the natural context created by the presence of the machine. Mixed Reality (MR) on the other hand, is a key technology that enables designers to create user interfaces anywhere, either linked to a physical context (augmented reality, AR) or embedded in a virtual context (virtual reality, VR). Especially today, designing MR interfaces is a challenge, as there is not yet a common design language nor a set of standard functionalities or patterns. In addition to that, neither customers nor future users have substantial experiences in using MR interfaces.
Prototypes can contribute to overcome this gap, as they continuously provide user experiences of increasing realism along the design process. We present ExProtoVAR, a tool that supports quick and lightweight prototyping of MR interfaces for IoT using VR technology.
Two characterizations of finite nilpotent groups
Authors: Cocke William 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this note we give two characterizations of finite nilpotent groups. First, we show that a finite group G is not p-nilpotent if and only if it contains two elements of order

q
k

{q^{k}}

, for q a prime different than p, whose product has order p or possibly 4 if

p
=
2

{p=2}

. We also show that the set of words on two variables where the total degree of each variable is

±
1

{\pm 1}

can be used to characterize finite nilpotent groups. Using this characterization we show that if a finite group is not nilpotent, then there is a word map of specified form for which the corresponding probability distribution is not uniform.
Quasi-solution of linear inverse problems in non-reflexive Banach spaces
Authors: Clason Christian , Klassen Andrej 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We consider the method of quasi-solutions (also referred to as Ivanov regularization) for the regularization of linear ill-posed problems in non-reflexive Banach spaces. Using the equivalence to a metric projection onto the image of the forward operator, it is possible to show regularization properties and to characterize parameter choice rules that lead to a convergent regularization method, which includes the Morozov discrepancy principle. Convergence rates in a suitably chosen Bregman distance can be obtained as well.
We also address the numerical computation of quasi-solutions to inverse source problems for partial differential equations in

L
∞

⁢

(
Ω
)

{L^{\infty}(\Omega)}

using a semi-smooth Newton method and a backtracking line search for the parameter choice according to the discrepancy principle.
Numerical examples illustrate the behavior of quasi-solutions in this setting.
Random attractors for stochastic retarded reaction-diffusion equations with multiplicative white noise on unbounded domains
Authors: Jia Xiaoyao , Ding Xiaoquan , Gao Juanjuan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the stochastic retarded reaction-diffusion equations with multiplicative white noise on unbounded domain ℝ
n
(n ≥ 2). We first transform the retarded reaction-diffusion equations into the deterministic reaction-diffusion equations with random parameter by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Next, we show the original equations generate the random dynamical systems, and prove the existence of random attractors by conjugation relation between two random dynamical systems. In this process, we use the cut-off technique to obtain the pullback asymptotic compactness.
Weighted uniform density ideals
Authors: Tryba Jacek 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWeighted uniform densities are a generalization of the uniform density, which is also known as the Banach density. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weighted uniform density ideals and consider the topological complexity of these ideals as well as when they have certain analytical properties related to the ideal convergence of sequences and series. Furthermore, we prove some inequalities between different upper and lower weighted uniform densities and give the answer to the problem concerning the Darboux property of these densities.
Some improvements of the young mean inequality and its reverse
Authors: Khosravi Maryam 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The main objective of the present paper, is to obtain some new versions of Young-type inequalities with respect to two weighted arithmetic and geometric means and their reverses, using two inequalities

K

(

b
a

,
2

)

r

≤

a

∇

ν

b

a

♯

ν

b

≤
K

(

b
a

,
2

)

R

,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
K\Big(\frac{b}{a},2\Big)^r\leq\frac{a\nabla_{\nu}b}{a\sharp_{\nu}b}\leq K\Big(\frac{b}{a},2\Big)^R,
\end{array}$$

where r = min{ν, 1 – ν}, R = max{ν,1 – ν} and K(t,2) =

(
t
+
1

)
2

4
t

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\frac{(t+1)^2}{4t}
\end{array}$

is the Kantorovich constant, and

e
(

h

−
1

,
ν
)
≤

a

∇

ν

b

a

♯

ν

b

≤
e
(
h
,
ν
)
,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
e(h^{-1},\nu)\leq\frac{a\nabla_{\nu}b}{a\sharp_{\nu}b}\leq e(h,\nu),
\end{array}$$

where h = max

{

a
b

,

b
a

}

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\{\frac{a}{b},\frac{b}{a}\}
\end{array}$

and
e(t,ν) = exp (4ν(1 – ν)(K(t,2)–1)

(
1
−

1

2
t

)

)

.

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
(1-\frac{1}{2t})\big).
\end{array}$

Also some operator versions of these inequalities and some inequalities related to Heinz mean are proved.
Diophantine quadruples with values in k-generalized Fibonacci numbers
Authors: Ruiz Carlos Alexis Gómez , Luca Florian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We consider for integers k ≥ 2 the k–generalized Fibonacci sequences F
(k) :=

(

F
n

(
k
)

)

n
≥
2
−
k

,

$\begin{array}{}
(F_n^{(k)})_{n\geq 2-k},
\end{array} $

whose first k terms are 0, …, 0, 1 and each term afterwards is the sum of the preceding k terms. In this paper, we show that there does not exist a quadruple of positive integers a
1 < a
2 < a
3 < a
4 such that ai

aj
+ 1 (i ≠ j) are all members of F
(k).
Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid)/sisal fiber bio-composites under continuous elongation flow
Authors: Tan Yongbin , Zhang Xiaoqiu , Qu Jin-ping 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix bio-composites reinforced with various quantities of sisal fibers (SFs) (from 10% to 50% in weight) were fabricated by using a self-made vane mixer, which can generate continuous elongation flow. The morphology, crystallization, and mechanical properties of PLA/SF bio-composites under continuous elongation flow were investigated. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that SFs were uniformly dispersed in the matrix and oriented along the extrusion direction. Meanwhile, it was found that the diameter of SFs decreased from 250 to 20 μm, which certified that continuous elongation flow remarkably affected the separation of elementary fibers from fiber bundles. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicated that the addition of SFs promoted the crystallization of PLA as well as increased the crystallinity of PLA. The mechanical tests exhibited that both impact strength and tensile modulus were significantly enhanced (about 64% and 94.63%, respectively) with SFs loading at 40%, which was due to the well dispersion and separation of elementary fibers.
Stoics and Their Critics on Diachronic Identity
Authors: Sedley David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article is a return to a theme I first tackled in “The Stoic criterion of identity” (1982): the Academics’ ‘Growing Argument’ (auxanomenos logos) and the Stoic response to its attack on diachronic identity. This time my aim is to separate out approximately five different stages of the debate between the two schools. This will be done by shifting more of the focus onto developments that seem likely to belong to the late second and/or early first century BC.
Economic Efficiency of Rectifying AOQL Plans Based on the EWMA Statistic
Authors: Kaspříková Nikola 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Rectifying Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL) acceptance sampling plans that minimize the mean inspection cost per lot of the process average quality were originally designed by Dodge and Romig for inspection by attributes. Plans for inspection by variables were then proposed; such plans may be more economically efficient than the corresponding attribute sampling plans. The new AOQL variable sampling plans, which minimize the mean inspection cost per lot of the process average quality when the remainder of the rejected lots are inspected, are introduced in this article. The new plans are based on the usage of the exponentially weighted moving average statistic, and the economic advantages of the new plans over the existing plans with respect to savings in the cost of the inspection are discussed. The economic efficiency of the new plans is evaluated using cost models that consider differences in both variable and fixed costs. The methods for the calculation of the proposed plans have been implemented in a free software, i.e., the contributed package LTPDvar for the R computing environment.
Immediate-Early Promoter-Driven Transgenic Reporter System for Neuroethological Research in a Hemimetabolous Insect
Authors: Watanabe Takayuki , Ugajin Atsushi , Aonuma Hitoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGenes expressed in response to increased neuronal activity are widely used as activity markers in recent behavioral neuroscience. In the present study, we established transgenic reporter system for whole-brain activity mapping in the two-spotted cricketGryllus bimaculatus, a hemimetabolous insect used in neuroethology and behavioral ecology. In the cricket brain, a homolog ofearly growth response-1(Gryllus egr-B) was rapidly induced as an immediate-early gene (IEG) in response to neuronal hyperexcitability. The upstream genomic fragment ofGryllus egr-Bcontains potential binding sites for transcription factors regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways, as well as core promoter elements conserved across insect/crustaceanegr-Bhomologs. Using the upstream genomic fragment ofGryllus egr-B,we established an IEG promoter-driven transgenic reporter system in the cricket. In the brain of transgenic crickets, the reporter gene (a nuclear-targeted destabilized EYFP) was induced in response to neuronal hyperexcitability. Inducible expression of reporter protein was detected in almost all neurons after neuronal hyperexcitability. Using our novel reporter system, we successfully detected neuronal activation evoked by feeding in the cricket brain. Our IEG promoter-driven activity reporting system allows us to visualize behaviorally relevant neural circuits at cellular resolution in the cricket brain.
The future of the EU in the context of scenarios for its development by 2025
Authors: Rudik O. М. 
Published: August 2018

The article researches the scenarios for the future development of the EU by 2025 proposed by the European Commission. The white paper on the future of EU looks at how Europe will change in the next decade, from the impact of new technologies on society and jobs, to doubts about globalization, security concerns and the rise of populism. The European Commission emphasizes that the Europe’s role as a positive global force is more important today than ever. However, under the pressure of global competition the United Europe’s place in the world and its economic weight are shrinking, which is a solid foundation for preserving the unity of the Union for the sake of achieving greater. On the contrary, the most desirable scenario, as can be seen from the speech by the President of the European Commission, is to give the European Union a greater amount of power, resources and decision-making powers. As a result, cooperation between the EU-27 Member States will deepen in all areas than ever before.
The White Paper outlines ve main scenarios («Carrying on», «Nothing but the single market», «Those who want more do more», «Doing less more e ciently», «Doing much more together»), each of them provides an opportunity to look at the possible state of a airs in the Union by 2025, depending on the choice that the EU will make by 2019. In the opinion of Jean-Claude Juncker, the most negative scenario of the EU development, and therefore extremely undesirable, is to bring its goals to purely economic, focusing the Union’s activities on the development of a single internal market and ensuring its uninterrupted functioning («Nothing but the single market» scenario).

Based on data from the European Commission the author shows and brie y describes the key advantages and disadvantages of each of the scenarios. The common features of these scenarios are outlined: rst, they all come from the fact that the United Kingdom withdraws from the EU; secondly, none of them doubts the need to preserve the euro as common currency and the Schengen zone, thirdly, neither the scenarios refers to further EU enlargement. Since none of the proposed scenarios provides for the complete disintegration of the EU, that is, the disappearance of it as a geopolitical actor, it is concluded that in the strategic perspective all the outlined models of the EU’s future development suit Ukraine. Moreover, the steps recently proposed by the President of Ukraine and the European Parliament for deepening the economic integration of Ukraine with the EU and its association with the Schengen area also does not contradict any of the scenarios.
Критика ісламськими вченими радикального салафізму
Authors: Nesprava M. V. 
Published: August 2018

Встановлено, що радикальний салафізм викликає значну критику у відомих мусульманських вчених різних мазхабів. Виявлено, що, на думку Равіля Гайнутдіна та Рамадана аль-Буті, салафізм виникає набагато пізніше епохи салафів, що спростовує претензію представників радикального салафізму на нібито історичну фундованість особливого статусу салафізму в ісламі. Р. Гайнутдін вважає, що салафізм виник не раніше Х століття, а аль-Буті аргументує, що це сталося тільки у ХІХ столітті. З’ясовано, що критика салафітами нововведень у релігії та житті мусульман викликає спротив мусульманських вчених, які вказують, що, по-перше, самі салафи, тобто перші три покоління мусульман, яких салафіти називають взірцем, припускали можливість певних нововведень, а по-друге, салафізм як такий є нововведенням. Показано, що застосування радикальними салафітами практики такфіру критикується мусульманськими вченими як невідповідне ісламському вченню. Так, Р. Гайнутдін пише, що звинувачувати в невір’ї має Суддя Судного дня, а не салафіти. Виявлено, що, з точки зору Р. Гайнутдіна та аль-Буті, нетерпимість до інакомислячих, яка притаманна представникам радикального салафізму, є деструктивною, адже веде до розколу мусульманської умми та розпалювання конфліктів. Також у статті показано деструктивний характер джихадійського салафізму.
Філософія природознавства і спеціальна теорія відносності: український контекст
Authors: Savchuk V. S. , Romanetс O. A. 
Published: August 2018

У статті вперше в історіографії комплексно досліджено ставлення до СТВ вітчизняних філософів першої половини ХХ століття (С. Ю. Семковський, М. Пучковський, П. Юшкевич та інші) до її концептуальних ідей, розкрито інтерпретацію ними понять «простір», «час», «швидкість світла» у спеціальній теорії відносності. Особливу увагу приділено С. Ю. Семковському. Зроблено висновок про активну позицію вітчизняних філософів у процесі сприйняття спеціальної теорії відносності. Автори дійшли висновку, що рефлексія філософів природознавства в Україні на СТВ в основному була позитивною. Зазначено, що обґрунтування об’єктивного характеру спеціальної теорії відносності та її філософська інтерпретація розглядалися переважно через призму діалектичного матеріалізму. Висвітлено неодно­значність ставлення професійних фізиків до філософського осмислення теорії відносності. На підставі аналізу рецензій відомих фізиків та астрономів (Л. Я. Штрум, О. Д. Хвольсон, Б. П. Герасимович) зроблено висновок, що вони в цілому досить високо оцінювали праці філософів природознавства, зокрема С. Ю. Семковського.
Політичні інститути: узагальнення змісту підходів до визначення поняття
Authors: Petrov P. H. 
Published: August 2018

Проведено дослідження щодо узагальнення розуміння змісту поняття політичного інституту. Проаналізовано етапи розвитку наукового дослідження політичних інститутів. Проведено аналіз концептуальних підходів до їх визначення, а саме, в першу чергу, як сукупність формальних та неформальних правил створених суспільством для регулювання відносин в ньому, а також політичних інститутів як організацій, що володіють певною структурою, діяльність котрих ґрунтується на загальноприйнятих законах та спрямована на регулювання суспільних відносин. Також досліджується поняття «інститут», визначаючи його сутність, структуру та характер формування. Окремо визначено відмінності понять «інститут» та «організація». В рамках дослідження також було визначено процеси, що сприяють формуванню та модернізації політичних інститутів, їх мету, складові елементи. Проаналізовано роль політичних інститутів, як суб’єктів політичного життя держави, критерії, що визначають рівень їх інституціоналізації. Досліджено поділ політичних інститутів на формальні, тобто такі, що мають визначену структуру і в своїй діяльності керуються законами, та неформальні політичні інститути, що здебільшого відіграють роль додаткових.
РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ У БАНКУ ЗА РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЯМИ БАЗЕЛЬСЬКОГО КОМІТЕТУ З ПИТАНЬ БАНКІВСЬКОГО НАГЛЯДУ
Authors: Andrushkiv І.P. , Mushynskyi B.M. 
Published: August 2018

Розглянуто принципи побудови системи ризик-менеджменту в банку, вимоги щодо нормативного регулювання та показників адекватності. Висвітлено основні принципи банківського регулювання згідно з рекомендаціями Базельського комітету з банківського нагляду. Проаналізовано потребу побудови якісного напрямку управління ризиками в банку. Досліджено методи оцінювання ризиків та елементи управління, які дають змогу кількісно оцінити схильність до ризику (профіль ризику) конкретного банку. Визначено основні типи ризиків, з якими працює кожен банк та які потрібно визначити та оцінити. Ідентифіковано елементи управління ризиками в організації та їхні шляхи вдосконалення.Зроблено висновок про те, що в період посилення економічних проблем, спаду економіки загалом – питання якісного ризику менеджменту постає особливо гостро. У такі періоди активи банку переважно втрачають якість, і це показує ефективна система ризик-менеджменту чи навпаки.
ФІНАНСОВА КРИЗА В УКРАЇНІ 2014-2015 РОКІВ: ПРИЧИНИ ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТИ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ
Authors: Rudenko Z.M. 
Published: August 2018

Досліджено кризові явища, які відбуваються в Україні у 2014-2015 рр., а також причини, які їх формують. Класифіковано чинники впливу на економічні, політичні та соціальні. Розглянуто поняття системної, фінансової та банківської кризи. Окрему увагу приділено фінансовій кризі в Україні та антикризовим заходам Національного банку України, які забезпечують цінову та фінансову стабільність, розбудову інституційної спроможності НБУ. Визначено інструменти регулювання, які класифіковано на фінансові, структурні та операційні.