bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the concentration of some hormones in patients sera of polycystic ovaries
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

Extensive evaluation of 76 women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with 25 fertile women as control group was achieved by routine investigations and hormonal study of each female which were done in one period during the menstrual cycle. Then the women with PCOS have been divided into 2 groups according to their menstrual cycle (irregular menstrual cycle) during assessing their hormonal profiles as follow:-
1-	(54) Patients with oligomenorrhea.
2-	(22) Patients with menorrhea.
This study shows that the women with PCOs have different clinical features taken from a history of disease of all of the women.
Those features were distributed as follow: 57.92% of them suffer from hirsutism. 19.24% suffer from irregular menstrual cycle, obesity in 67%, 9 patient with acne vulgaris, and more than 50% of them have most of the clinical symptoms at same time. It is also found that the hormonal disorder is the main cause of this disease with other cawes.
Evaluation the Levels of Serum Hormones (Progesterone, Estradiol, and hCG) in Preeclamptic IraqiPregnancies
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of steroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in preeclamptic Iraqi pregnancies compared to those of healthy pregnancies.This study enrolled 120 pregnant women, divided into four groups:1.	30 healthy pregnant women.2.	37 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia3.	53 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia4.	90 pregnant women with preeclampsia Preeclamptic women and their severe cases but not mild cases had significantly (P
An Experimental Study of a Hollow-Fiber Membrane-Contacting System for Carbon Dioxide/Methane Separation
Authors: Ghobadi Jalil , Ramirez David , Khoramfar Shooka , Jerman Robert E. , Crane Michele , Oladosu Olufemi 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from methane (CH4) using a gas/liquid membrane-contacting system is a promising alternative to conventional absorption techniques, such as wet scrubbers. The main objective of this research was to design, develop, and implement a hollow-fiber membrane-contacting system to absorb and separate CO2 from CH4 in a simulated flare-gas stream.
A gas/liquid contacting system was constructed using microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fibers as a highly hydrophobic membrane. The module used for the experimental studies had 51-mm diameter and 200-mm effective length. The membrane module had a packing density of 60%, and the PTFE hollow fiber used in this module had a mean pore size of 0.48 µm. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale plant fed with a simulated flare-gas mixture containing 2.5% CO2 balanced with CH4 that could produce varying concentrations of inlet gas using a mass-flow controller.
CO2-separation-experimentation studies were performed, and the effect of operational variables on the separation efficiency of the system has been studied. To optimize the gas-separation performance of the membrane module, the effects of gas/liquid-flow rates, the concentration of absorbent, and the nature of the scrubbing liquid were examined. The absorption efficiency of deionized (DI) water and aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and diethanolamine (DEA) as the physical and chemical absorbents were compared. Results indicated that increasing the flow rate and concentration of the scrubbing liquid can enhance the separation efficiency; however, increasing the flow rates of the gas phase had a negative effect on the CO2-absorption performance of the system.
The conventional chemical-absorption processes for the separation of CO2 have many drawbacks, such as flooding, channeling, and foaming that can impair the mass transfer between gas and liquid, and possible equipment failure caused by corrosion. Membrane processes can offer attractive opportunities for gas-treatment applications, including removal of acidic-gas compounds from flare-gas streams that can help to mitigate the adverse health effects associated with burning the waste gases.
Intraoperative management of brain-dead organ donors by anesthesiologists during an organ procurement procedure: Results from a French survey
Authors: Champigneulle Benoit , Neuschwander Arthur , Bronchard Régis , Favé Gersende , Josserand Julien , Lebas Benjamin , Bastien Olivier , Pirracchio Romain 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: This study aimed at describing usual anesthetic practices for brain-dead donors (BDD) during an organ procurement (OP) procedure and to assess the knowledge and self-confidence of French anesthesiologists with this practice.
Methods: An electronic and anonymous survey with closed-questions about anesthetic management of BDD was distributed to French anesthesiologists via the mailing list of the French Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
Results: 458 responses were analyzed. Respondents were mainly attending physicians with more than 10 years of clinical experience. 78% of them declared being cognizant of guidelines regarding management of BDD. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring and endocrine substitution were rarely considered by respondents (31% and 35% of respondents, respectively). 98% of the respondents used crystalloids for fluid resuscitation. During the procedure, use of neuromuscular blockers, opioids and sedative agents were considered by respectively 84%, 61% and 27% of the respondents. A very high level of agreement (10 [8-10], on a ten-points Likert-style scale) was reported concerning the expected impact of intraoperative anesthetic management on the primary function of grafts.
Conclusions: Declared anesthetic practice appeared in accordance with guidelines concerning organ donor management in the ICU. Further studies are needed to evaluate the specific impact of intraoperative management during this procedure and thus the need for specific anesthetic guidelines.
Yield Performance of Some Lentil Genotypes over Different Environments
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Asghar Muhammad Jawad , Shahid Muhammad , Hussain Jaffar , Akram Muhammad , Ahmad Fiaz 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Genotype × environment interaction among 11 genotypes was highly significant over three different locations.
Genotype NL 96475A was most stable for all environments.
Genotype NL 96680 was suitable for low‐performing environments.
The assessment and measurement of yield stability of a genotype over environments is an important component of a certain breeding program. Ten elite genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) and one check variety were evaluated for their adaptability at three different locations of Punjab Province, viz—Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad; Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal; and Arid Zone Research Institute (AZRI), Bhakar. Trials were conducted during two consecutive years (2013–2014). Genotype × environment interactions (of crossover nature) among 11 genotypes and 3 environments were observed to be highly significant. Mean seed yield was found maximum for NL 56‐1 (718 kg ha−1) followed by NL 96475A (709 kg ha−1) during 2013. However, NL 96475A had shown stable performance at different locations and was better responsive to favorable conditions having high regression coefficients. NL 96680 also appeared to be a stable genotype for low‐performing environments, as it had a regression coefficient less than unity. In the year 2014, the same genotypes, NL 96475A and NL 96680, had shown stable performance. NL 96475A was found suitable for all environments, and NL 96680 was suited to a low‐performing environment. On the basis of these observations, it has been concluded that NL 96475A was the most stable genotype with mean yield greater than the grand mean, nonsignificant estimates of unit regression coefficient, and deviation from regression.
Optimal Nitrogen Rate Can Be Predicted Using Average Yield and Estimates of Soil Water and Leaf Nitrogen with Infield Experimentation
Authors: Lawes Roger A. , Oliver Yvette M. , Huth Neil I. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Nitrogen fertilizer decisions can be improved when on‐farm experimentation is combined with historical yields and the sensing of crop N and soil water status.
Crop simulation and machine learning can be combined to gain insight into the key drivers that influence an N decision.
In spring wheat crop, an N‐minus strip can provide advanced warning of an impending N stress.
ABSTRACTCrop nitrogen (N) fertilizer decision aids traditionally provide an N fertilizer recommendation that requires information about the supply of N from the soil and the likely demand of N by the crop. These are often complex to implement. To simplify, we take elements of multiple N decision philosophies and, by way of simulation and machine learning, determine which variables need to be estimated to inform N decisions for rainfed wheat that are near optimal. Simulations were conducted using the APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) crop wheat model for sites across the Australian grain belt for fields containing test strips where 0 or an additional 80 kg N ha−1 of fertilizer was added. The random forest analysis of 59 separate soil and plant variables within the 1.2 million simulations demonstrated that the long‐term mean yield was the most important variable to predict the optimal N rate for a particular site and season. When long‐term mean yield was used to predict the optimal N regime for a given season alone, the RMSE of the predicted N rate was 53.9 kg N ha−1. The RMSE declined to 21.8 kg N ha−1 when additional information was included in the Random Forest analysis. Leaf N concentration and soil water status to depth enhanced the N prediction, especially when this information was collected from an infield N experiment with an N‐minus, standard, and N‐rich strip of N.
A Theoretical Framework for Understanding the Spatial Coupling between Poverty and the Environment: A Case Study from China
Authors: Shuai Jing , Cheng Xin , Tao Xing , Shuai Chuanmin , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
A coupling coordination model for the environment and rural poverty is built.
Both environment degradation and rural poverty in China’s Three Gorges Reservoir Region have been deteriorated.
Coupling degrees differ observably in different areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region in rural China.
Main stress factors are environment load and livelihood.
ABSTRACTPoverty and environmental degradation is an interactive and complex issue, which needs to be addressed to pursue human sustainable development. The objective of this study was to create a theoretical framework for sustainable agriculture, considering the dynamic interaction between environment and multidimensional poverty. The model system used in this study was the region surrounding the Chinese Three Gorges reservoir. We constructed an evaluation index system to measure the dynamic interactions by employing Entropy‐weight and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods. In this case study, we analyzed the dynamic interactive relationships between environmental degradation and rural poverty by adopting geographic information system (GIS) and comprehensive index evaluation, based on statistical (2000–2013) and remote sensing image data. We found that: (i) in the Three Gorges reservoir region (TGRR), a vicious cycle between poverty, environmental load, and livelihood is occurring; (ii) in areas stressed by environmental concerns the environmental load is the main stress factor, while in the areas stressed by poverty, livelihood is the main stress factor; and (iii) the coupling degrees between environmental degradation and poverty differ in different areas of the TGRR, and counties with adverse features have been spatially agglomerated over time; and the area with high coupling and high synergy accounts for the 38.1% of the total reservoir region.
Regional Differences in Stream Water Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sediment Responses to Forest Harvesting in the Conterminous USA
Authors: Muwamba Augustine , Rau Benjamin , Trettin Carl. C. , Amatya Devendra. M. , Tollner Ernest W. , Panda Sudhanshu 
Published: March 2019

Forest harvesting and management techniques were hypothesized to result in significant differences in stream water N (NO3–N), P (total P [TP]), and total suspended sediment (TSS) responses among regions of United States. The objectives were (i) to determine the mean response periods after harvesting for each water quality variable, (ii) to compare the regional response yields, and (iii) to determine relationships among water quality, rainfall, and flow. Watershed‐scale studies where best management practices were implemented provided a basis for water quality analyses. A mixed model was used to estimate the time from harvest to time when the harvested site yielded similar export as the reference site (response period). Normalized water quality yields were calculated as response yields (kg ha−1 yr−1) times estimated response periods. Significant differences among yields were identified using ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05), and relationships between water quality and hydrologic variables were identified using multivariate analysis (α = 0.05). The ratio of estimated mean response period for TSS to NO3–N and TP, each individually, was approximately two. The mean normalized NO3–N response yield was greater for the northern than the southern and/or western regions. Normalized NO3–N and TSS response yields were greater for plantations than for other harvest types. The TSS export significantly increased with discharge from plantations. The literature‐based response periods used in this study were not fully monitored, and soil surface manipulations after harvesting pose a significant influence on sediment export in the United States.Core Ideas
Publications on water quality responses to US forest harvesting were explored.
The mean response period after harvesting for total suspended sediments (TSS) was 8.8 yr.
The mean response period for NO3–N and total P were 4.3 and 3.9 yr, respectively.
The greatest NO3–N response was 265.2 kg ha−1 for plantations in the northern region.
The greatest TSS response was 17,756.6 kg ha−1 for plantations in the southern region.
The Role of Matric Potential, Solid Interfacial Chemistry, and Wettability on Isotopic Equilibrium Fractionation
Authors: Gaj Marcel , Lamparter Axel , Woche Susanne K. , Bachmann Jörg , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Stange C. Florian 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Matric potential controls the equilibrium fractionation factor between soil water and water vapor.
Surface chemistry determined by X‐ray spectroscopy affects the equilibrium fractionation factor.
A conceptual isotope retention characteristic approach is presented.
Soil water stable isotopes are widely used for geo‐ and ecohydrological applications. However, the signature of the soil water isotopic composition in the environment depends on various factors. While recent work has shown matric potential effects on equilibrium fractionation, little work has examined other soil parameters concerning soil water energy status like the surface wettability, usually quantified in terms of contact angle. We simultaneously explored the role of matric potential, contact angle, and soil surface chemistry effects on the equilibrium fractionation factor during soil water evaporation. We present a simple laboratory experiment with four different soils of various textures. Subsamples of each texture class were treated with dichlorodimethylsilane to modify surface wetting properties. Additionally, we tested two natural soil samples to explore wettability effects. Samples were dried at temperatures between 40 and 550°C to produce chemically modified surface properties. All samples were spiked with water of known isotopic composition at different water contents. The isotopic signature was determined using the vapor‐bag equilibration method. The matric potential of each sample was measured with a soil water potential meter, the contact angle was determined with the sessile drop method, and the surface chemistry by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition to temperature and soil matric potential, the elemental composition has apparently some control on the equilibrium fractionation factor. Based on findings, we introduce a new soil water isotope retention characteristic approach to summarize how these factors (matric potential, contact angle, and soil surface chemistry) each control the equilibrium fractionation factor for 18O/16O and 2H/H. Corresponding retention curve approach parameters are promising to be applied in the future to predict soil water fractionation effects under natural and non‐stationary conditions.
Transboundary water governance in the European Union: the (unresolved) allocation question
Authors: Baranyai Gábor 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
While the European Union (EU) has one of the most extensive and sophisticated supranational water policy worldwide, its transboundary governance framework has certain structural deficiencies that may eventually give rise to significant cooperation gridlocks over shared river basins. Most prominently, EU water law as well as the numerous European basin treaties almost comprehensively ignore transboundary water quantity management and allocation questions. This lacuna is due to a series of hydro-geographical, political and institutional factors prevailing at the time when the foundations of today's European framework of transboundary water governance were laid down in the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, changing hydrological conditions points to increasing fluctuations in water quantities in European river basins. Due to their one-sided ecological focus, however, the existing European governance mechanisms may prove unable to handle a growing competition for water among riparian states in case of flow variations beyond historical ranges. This article investigates the roots and the possible future implications of the unresolved transboundary allocation question within the EU.
Selection of PPP program models based on ecological compensation in the Chishui Watershed
Authors: Zhang Conglin , Liang Yongzhan , Huang Zhou , Qiao Haijuan , Zhang Shuang 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Choosing the right structural model for projects in various fields has become an important subject of research, and adopting a suitable model has been recognized as crucial to a project's success. For public–private partnership (PPP) programs involving ecological compensation in the Chishui Watershed, implementers are required to give extensive considerations to balancing economic, societal, and ecological impacts and benefits, connected to numerous stakeholders. Any program model choice is made difficult by various influencing factors introduced by these stakeholders. This paper examines models of PPP eco-compensation programs in the Chishui Watershed, a region that faces an acute conflict between protection and growth, and is in urgent need of eco-compensation mechanisms. For this purpose, we have developed an indicator system with three hierarchical levels containing, respectively, two, five, and 18 indicator items. A list of feasible PPP models are chosen based on existing programs in the region. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)/fuzzy analysis is used to establish an integrated decision-making framework. The suitability of the models in each field can then be ranked by their integrated decision score. The differences between models are also analyzed to find the main limiting indicators on PPP programs.
Effect of Pre-analytical Conditions on Prothrombin Time and Partial Activated Thromboplastin Time
Authors: Beatriz Moutinho , Beatriz Pinto , Rita Cardoso , Helena Alves , Monica Botelho 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Clinical analysis often involves clotting assays. Although the guidelines suggest
the storing and freezing of samples before these assays, there are contradictory results in the literature.
The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of the temperature and the storage of plasma
sample on Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) in clinical samples
for 65 patients without coagulation disorders.

Materials and Methods:
After centrifugation, plasma of each patient was tested at arrival as part of
their routine care and separately aliquoted. Three aliquots were stored at room temperature, 4°C and -
20°C for 24h after collection, two aliquots were stored at 4°C and -20°C for 1 week and one aliquot
was stored at -70°C for 1 month.

Results:
PT from healthy patients was affected at room temperature for 24h and at 4°C for 1 week. For
aPTT, the results were statistically different for all the conditions after 24h and at 4°C for 1 week.
Conclusion: Results indicate that PT and aPTT can be stored at -70ºC for at least 1 month without any
significant changes in the assay result.
Triple Therapy in COPD
Authors: Micheletto Claudio , Sparacino Alice 
Published: March 2019

:
Triple inhaled therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes an
inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), a long-acting b2-agonist (LABA) and a long-acting muscarinic
antagonist (LAMA) taken in combination. Triple therapy is recommended by the Global Initiative for
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) for patients who experience recurrent exacerbations
despite treatment with either a dual bronchodilator or LABA/ICS combination. There is consistent
evidence that the LABA/LAMA/ICS combination has significantly greater effects on trough FEV1,
symptoms, quality of life, and exercise performance compared to comparator treatments.

:
The role of triple therapy in reducing exacerbations in COPD patients is debatable, but recent trials
have revealed some intriguing insights.

:
Three pivotal studies, namely TRILOGY, TRINITY and TRIBUTE have been conducted to evaluate
the safety and efficacy of extrafine Beclomethasone/Formoterol Fumarate/Glycopyrronium Bromide
(BDP/FF/GB) versus different treatment options for COPD. Extrafine BDP/FF/GB has been
compared to an ICS/LABA (BDP/FF) combination in the TRILOGY study, to a LAMA
monotherapy (Tiotropium-TIO) and an extemporary triple combination of ICS/LABA + LAMA
(BDP/FF + TIO) in the TRINITY study, and to one inhalation of LABA/LAMA per day (Indacaterol/
Glycopyrronium - IND/GLY) in the TRIBUTE study.

:
Another triple therapy with Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) was
recently tested in two further studies that included patients with COPD. The FULFIL study compared
the efficacy of the triple FF/UMEC/VI therapy to the ICS/LABA association budesonide/formoterol,
while the IMPACT study compared the rate of moderate and severe exacerbations between singleinhaler
FF/UMEC/VI and single-inhaler FF/VI or UMEC/VI.