bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the change of the reference configuration and its application within FEM simulations
Authors: Landgraf Ralf , Ihlemann Jörn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWithin numerical simulations of mechanical systems, not only the geometry, boundary conditions, the material behavior and the included material parameters have to defined. Beyond that, initial conditions have to be set properly in order to define the initial state of the material. In this contribution, two different examples of proper definition of initial values are regarded and their impact on the simulation results is discussed. The first example is devoted to models including elasto‐ or viscoplastic material behavior. Here initial values of plastic internal variables enable the consideration of the loading history. Thereby, a change of the reference configuration has to be taken into account. The second example highlights the impact of initial values for the temperature and similar physical properties that control the initial volume of a material with volume‐changing capabilities (like heat expansion, swelling or polymerization shrinkage).
Perceived stress, executive function, perceived stress regulation, and behavioral outcomes of adolescents with and without significant behavior problems
Authors: Cumming Michelle M. , Smith Stephen W. , O'Brien Kristen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite school‐based services, adolescents with maladaptive behavior experience negative outcomes, highlighting the need for insight into factors that contribute to and escalate behavior problems during middle school—a high‐risk period. We examined how perceived school stress, stress regulation (engagement/disengagement coping, involuntary responses), and executive function of 79 middle schoolers with and without significant behavior problems were related to internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Results showed students with significant behavior problems (a) had lower executive function abilities and higher peer stress, (b) used less engagement coping, and (c) reported more maladaptive behaviors than typical peers. For all students, school‐based stress positively predicted behavior problems and use of stress regulation techniques, with group moderating effects. Involuntary responses to stress positively predicted maladaptive behaviors, whereas engagement/disengagement coping predicted internalizing behaviors only. As a mediator, engagement coping decreased the relationship between perceived stress and behavior problems. Based on these findings, we highlight important prevention and intervention areas.
Pendant side‐chain sterics against electrostatic forces: Influencing short‐range ordering in random polyelectrolytes
Authors: Nwosu Chinomso , Coughlin E. Bryan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe length of pendant side chains in charged, random, comb‐shaped polymers dictates the nature of their short‐range ordering. Random copolymers, and terpolymer, of 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP), styrene, and isoprene were synthesized and subsequently fully quaternized with 1‐alkylbromides having varying number of carbons on the alkyl group ranging from 2 to 8. Evaluation by wide angle X‐ray scattering revealed that dipole–dipole attraction facilitates the formation of ionomer cluster morphology in samples with two carbons on the pendant side chain, whereas for samples with four or more carbons on the pendant side chains, side‐chain sterics was dominant resulting in periodic backbone spacing. Copolymers with isoprene, having flexible backbones, favor the formation of ionomer cluster morphology while styrene copolymers having rigid backbones disfavor the formation of ionomer clusters. An “in‐line” dipole model was developed to predict the separation distance at which both ionomer cluster and backbone–backbone morphologies could coexist. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1325–1336
The prognostic impact of downgrading and upgrading from biopsy to radical prostatectomy among men with Gleason score 7 prostate cancer
Authors: Jang Won Sik , Koh Dong Hoon , Kim Jongchan , Lee Jong Soo , Chung Doo Yong , Ham Won Sik , Rha Koon Ho , Choi Young Deuk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a new prostate cancer (PC) grading system was introduced, where Gleason score (GS) 7 was divided into 3 + 4 = 7 and 4 + 3 = 7 due to the different prognoses associated with each tumor type. However, whether downgrading or upgrading from needle biopsy (NB) to radical prostatectomy (RP) affects oncologic outcomes is currently unknown. Herein, we investigated the prognostic impact of downgrading and upgrading from NB to RP among men with GS 7 PC.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3003 patients with localized PC who underwent RP between 2005 and 2014. We included 692 patients with GS 7 PC on both NB and RP specimens. We analyzed the data using Kaplan‐Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOf the 692 patients enrolled in this study, 389 (56.2%) and 303 (43.8%) patients had RP GS 3 + 4 = 7 and RP GS 4 + 3 = 7 PC, respectively. On the basis of NB and RP GS, 264 (38.1%), 125 (18.1%), 142 (20.5%), and 161 (23.3%) patients were classified as 3 + 4/3 + 4, 4 + 3/3 + 4, 3 + 4/4 + 3, and 4 + 3/4 + 3, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier curves showed significant differences in biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival across the groups (P < .001). In the multivariate analyses, these groups were significantly associated with BCR (4 + 3/3 + 4: hazard ratio [HR], 1.675; 3 + 4/4 + 3: HR, 1.908; and 4 + 3/4 + 3: HR, 2.699).ConclusionsDowngrading and upgrading from NB to RP was an independent predictor of BCR in men with GS 7 PC, which could be due to the amount of Gleason pattern 4.
Impact of a sharp, small‐scale SST front on the marine atmospheric boundary layer on the Iroise Sea: Analysis from a hectometric simulation
Authors: Redelsperger J.‐L. , Bouin M.‐N. , Pianezze J. , Garnier V. , Marié L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe impact of a sharp, small‐scale sea‐surface temperature (SST) front located in the Iroise Sea off the northwestern coast of France on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is investigated using a realistic very high‐resolution numerical simulation. The modelling configuration is based on a two‐way nesting of the atmospheric model Meso‐NH over three embedded domains, with horizontal resolution of 100 m in the central domain. The outer mesoscale domain is initialized and forced on its lateral boundaries with the operational analyses of Météo‐France. A high‐resolution, realistic SST field from the Model for Application at Regional Scale (MARS) 3D is used as surface forcing. This configuration has been carefully designed to accurately represent this weak‐wind situation highly inhomogeneous in space and time, with wind flowing from the warm to the cold side of the front. The impacts include a slight modification of the thermal structure of the MABL, and a strong and rapid decrease of the wind speed, wind stress and turbulent heat fluxes. Conversely to previously published work, the coupling of the wind stress with the SST is largely related to atmospheric stability effects rather than to the change of the surface wind speed. This is attributed to the conjunction of the weak wind speed around 3 m s−1 and of the narrowness of the front resulting in relatively strong advection. These characteristics explain the momentum budget with strong change of the turbulent mixing over a shorter length‐scale than the pressure adjustment mechanism and the Coriolis term. The deceleration and counter‐clockwise veering of the near‐surface wind over colder water is consistent with previous work. Its attribution to turbulent mixing via a thermal stratification change in the context of a realistic study of a sharp front is a novel result.
Peptidyl‐Lys metalloendopeptidase (Lys‐N) purified from dry fruit of Grifola frondosa demonstrates “mirror”digestion property with lysyl endopeptidase (Lys‐C)
Authors: Zhao Mingzhi , Hao Bingbing , Li Honghao , Cai Man , Xie Jingjing , Liu Hongyu , Tan Minjia , Zhai Linhui , Yu Qun 
Published: September 2019

RationaleLys‐N, also known as lysine‐specific metalloendopeptidase, functions as the “sister” enzyme of lysyl endopeptidase (Lys‐C) in proteomic research. Its digestion specificity at the N‐terminal lysine residue makes it a very useful tool in proteomics analysis, especially in mass spectrometry (MS)‐based de novo sequencing of proteins.MethodsHere we present a complete production process of highly purified Lys‐N from dry fruit of Grifola frondosa (maitake mushroom). The purification process includes one step of microfiltration plus one step of UF/DF (ultrafiltration used in tandem with a diafiltration method) recovery and four steps of chromatographic purification.ResultsThe overall yield of the process was approximately 6.7 mg Lys‐N protein/kg dry fruit of G. frondosa. The assay data demonstrated that the purified Lys‐N exhibited high enzymatic activity and specificity.ConclusionsThe novel production process provides for the first time the extraction of Lys‐N from dry fruit of G. frondosa. The process is also stable and scalable, and provides an economic way of producing the enzyme in large quantities for MS‐based proteomics and other biological studies.
Separated Tellurium Nanoparticles Confined in Hollow Polypyrrole for High Performance Li‐Te Cathode
Authors: Wang Deqiang , Tian Qi , Yang Lin , Kuang Shuai , Jin Rencheng , Yue Hailong , Wang Guangming , Wang Qingyao , Gao Shanmin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn innovative method for the fabrication of separated tellurium nanoparticles inside the hollow polypyrrole (PPy) has been developed. The polypyrrole effectively confines the Te nanoparticles through C−Te and C−Te‐N bonds and improves the conductivity and structural integrity. The unique Te/PPy architecture is proved to achieve good reversible specific capacity of 178.2 mAh g−1 (1112 mAh cm−3) at 100 mA g−1 and high rate capacity (98.4 mAh g−1 at the current density of 1600 mA g−1) when evaluated as cathode for Li−Te batteries.
A Critical Insight into Biomass Derived Biosorbent for Bioremediation of Dyes
Authors: Ravindiran Gokulan , Ganapathy Ganesh Prabhu , Josephraj Jegan , Alagumalai Avinash 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganic pollutants, such as dyes released during industrial operations are one of the major reasons for the degradation of water quality. However, treatment technologies to remediate these high volumes of wastewaters are often not sufficient. Hence, the excess dye wastewater generated is usually discharged without prior treatment. The use of adsorbents such as activated carbon is widely employed to separate dye molecules from wastewater. Biochar is a popular recent alternative for the treatment of dye‐bearing effluents to selectively isolate dye molecules. Biochar is normally manufactured in the oxygen free environment by thermal degradation of organic materials. On the other hand, dyes are extensively employed in many textile industries because of their desirable properties including attractive colour, water‐fast and easy application methods. Nevertheless, during the dyeing process of cellulose fibres around half of the applied dyes may enter the wash water, and these let outs are highly resistant to traditional wastewater treatment methods. Henceforth, new techniques need to be applied for successful remediation of dye wastewaters. In this perspective, an endeavor has been made in this work to explore the possibility and practicability of biochar as sorbent material for dyes.
Enhancing STEM Teaching and Learning at HBCUs: A Focus on Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Lee Jennifer Y. , Khalil Deena , Boykin A. Wade 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBy drawing on data from two studies, we describe how a strategic partnership between student affairs professionals and faculty researchers supported the expansion of a K‐12 engagement‐focused teaching and learning model to one that could support undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learners. The model was successfully implemented at the undergraduate level in both formal and informal STEM learning settings. We conclude by offering a Student Engagement Index as a tool that can support higher education professionals to engage HBCU students in both formal and informal STEM learning spaces.
Developing Work‐Based Geosciences Learning Opportunities in a Hispanic‐Serving Institution
Authors: Sansone Vanessa A. , Núñez Anne‐Marie , Haschenburger J. K. , Godet Alexis , Gray Walter , Suarez Marina B. , Birnbaum Stuart , Young David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHispanic‐Serving Institutions (HSIs) play a key role in diversifying the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics workforce. This chapter provides an overview of a funded National Science Foundation (NSF) grant program that incorporates learning and work in an effort to address racial/ethnic underrepresentation in the field of geosciences. Observations also demonstrate the importance of engaging student affairs with academic affairs in such a program to address the diverse needs of students at HSIs.
Choline elevation in amygdala region at recovery indicates longer survival without depressive episode: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Henigsberg Neven , Savić Aleksandar , Radoš Marko , Radoš Milan , Šarac Helena , Šečić Ana , Bajs Janović Maja , Foro Tamara , Ozretić David , Erdeljić Turk Viktorija , Hrabač Pero , Kalember Petra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Rationale
Depression, with variable longitudinal patterns, recurs in one third of patients. We lack useful predictors of its course/outcome, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of brain metabolites is an underused research modality in finding outcome correlates.

Objectives
To determine if brain metabolite levels/changes in the amygdala region observed early in the recovery phase indicate depression recurrence risk in patients receiving maintenance therapy.

Methods
Forty-eight patients on stable-dose antidepressant (AD) maintenance therapy were analyzed from recovery onset until (i) recurrence of depression or (ii) start of AD discontinuation. Two 1H-MRS scans (6 months apart) were performed with a focus on amygdala at the beginning of recovery. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing metabolites (Cho), and Glx (glutamine/glutamate and GABA) were evaluated with regard to time without recurrence, and risks were assessed by Cox proportional hazard modeling.

Results
Twenty patients had depression recurrence, and 23 patients reached AD discontinuation. General linear model repeated measures analysis displayed three-way interaction of measurement time, metabolite level, and recurrence on maintenance therapy, in a multivariate test, Wilks’ lambda = 0.857, F(2,40) = 3.348, p = 0.045. Cho levels at the beginning of recovery and subsequent changes convey the highest risk for earlier recurrence. Patients experiencing higher amygdala Cho after recovery are at a significantly lower risk for depression recurrence (hazard ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.77).

Conclusion
Cho levels/changes in the amygdala early in the recovery phase correlate with clinical outcome. In the absence of major NAA fluctuations, changes in Cho and Glx may suggest a shift towards reduction in (previously increased) glutamatergic neurotransmission. Investigation of a larger sample with greater sampling frequency is needed to confirm the possible predictive role of metabolite changes in the amygdala region early in the recovery phase.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Pulmonary Resection for Lung Cancer Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yamamoto Yoko , Kanzaki Ryu , Kanou Takashi , Ose Naoko , Funaki Soichiro , Minami Masato , Shintani Yasushi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe survival outcome in lung cancer patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been well evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival outcomes following non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgery in patients with CKD as a preoperative comorbidity.MethodsAmong 671 patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC between 2007 and 2014 at our hospital, 55 (8%) had CKD and we retrospectively analyzed the survival outcomes of these patients.ResultsMost patients with CKD were elderly and male. Patients with CKD had a higher frequency of smoking habit, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary diseases, and a notably lower pulmonary function, resulting in receiving limited pulmonary resection. There were no marked differences in the frequency of surgical complications between patients with and without CKD (p = 0.16). Squamous cell carcinoma was more frequently diagnosed in patients with CKD than in those without it. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates in patients with and without CKD were 60.0% and 69.7% (p = 0.06), respectively, and the 5‐year overall survival rates were 68.9% and 80.0%, respectively, showing significant differences (p = 0.01). The rate of receiving supportive care was higher in patients with CKD when recurrence observed.ConclusionCKD is associated with a poorer overall survival in patients who undergo lung cancer resection for recurrent disease. As patients with CKD tend to have a poor respiratory function, thoracic surgeons should carefully select the resection type to balance the therapeutic benefit and invasiveness.
Modeling diffusion processes in the presence of a diffuse layer at charged mineral surfaces: a benchmark exercise
Authors: Tournassat Christophe , Steefel Carl I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe electrostatic properties of clay mineral surfaces play a significant role in their diffusion properties. The negative electrostatic potential field at clay mineral surfaces results in the presence of a diffuse layer that balances the mineral surface charge. The diffusion properties of the porosity fraction that is affected by this phenomenon are different from the diffusion properties of electroneutral bulk water. These properties have attracted growing interest from diverse communities in the past years, especially in the field of study of radioactive waste disposal. The influence of the diffuse layer can be described at the continuum scale by a set of equations that are formulated in terms of the Nernst-Planck equation. The number of codes that can handle the coupling between transport properties in clay affected by the presence of a diffuse layer in the porosity and chemical reactions is very limited, and no benchmark exercises have been published yet that make it possible to validate the numerical implementation of these equations in reactive transport codes. The present study proposes a set of benchmark exercises of increasing complexity that highlight caveats related to the finite difference (volume) treatment of the Nernst-Planck equation in the presence of a diffuse layer in heterogeneous systems. Once these problems are identified and solved, the codes PHREEQC, CrunchClay, and a new Fortran routine written for this study gave results in very good agreement for most of the benchmark exercises. When present, the differences in results were directly traceable to the differences in averaging methods at grid cell boundaries, and to the consideration or the omission of the activity gradient term in the Nernst-Planck equation.
The Essence of Intellectual Property Rights Under Article 17(2) of the EU Charter
Authors: Husovec Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSmoking kills. It is also very costly, which is why many governments try to change the habits of their citizens, including by changing the packaging of the products they buy. Of course, tobacco firms are pushing against such laws. They see their rights, in particular, rights to intellectual property, violated. They argue that such legislative changes take away the essence of their hard-earned IP rights and should not be permissible. They point out that the CJEU is allegedly redefining the “essence” of fundamental rights and its function in the system of limitations and developing a set of core inviolable rights.How justified are these arguments? The absolute theory of essence says that the essence of rights cannot be interfered with or taken away, including by the legislator. The relative theory of essence, on the other hand, claims that interference with essence is just a more serious interference which is still subject to the typical proportionality analysis. Therefore, the adoption of either of these two theories has profound consequences. What might constitute the essence of intellectual property rights? When are legislators touching upon it? Is the CJEU really advancing a notion of essence that can prevent legislative changes, or at least make them very difficult? The answer to all these questions depends on our understanding of what constitutes the “essence” of intellectual property rights, and what consequences this notion has under Article 17(2) of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
Chefs as change-makers from the kitchen: indigenous knowledge and traditional food as sustainability innovations
Authors: Pereira Laura M. , Calderón-Contreras Rafael , Norström Albert V. , Espinosa Dulce , Willis Jenny , Guerrero Lara Leonie , Khan Zayaan , Rusch Loubie , Correa Palacios Eduardo , Pérez Amaya Ovidio 
Published: September 2019

Non-technical abstract
Projections of a burgeoning population coupled with global environmental change offer an increasingly dire picture of the state of the world's food security in the not-too-distant future. But how can we transform the current food system to become more sustainable, more equitable and more just? We identify kitchens as sites of transformative innovation in the food system where cooks and chefs can leverage traditional food knowledge about local food species to create delicious and nutritious dishes. Achieving a sustainable food system is a grand challenge, one where cooks in particular are stepping forward as innovators to find solutions.
Issues, challenges, and the way forward in conducting clinical trials among neonates: investigators’ perspective
Authors: Sivanandan Sindhu , Jain Kajal , Plakkal Nishad , Bahl Monika , Sahoo Tanushree , Mukherjee Shirshendu , Gupta Yogendra Kumar , Agarwal Ramesh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClinical trials are essential to test the safety and efficacy of new treatments in any population. The paucity of drug trials especially in the neonatal population has led to the widespread use of unlicensed or off-label medications, exposing them to the risks of drug toxicity and ineffective treatment. Ethical and operational challenges are no longer considered valid excuses for not conducting drug trials in neonates. We recently participated in a combined phase-2 and phase-3 trial investigating a new indigenous goat lung surfactant extract (GLSE) for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates. In this article, we share pertinent challenges faced by us during the trial to better inform and foster-positive discussion among drug developers, administrators, regulatory authorities, patient advocacy groups, and researchers. Also, we provide many tools developed for the GLSE trial that can be modified and used by prospective trialists.