bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of quantum convolutional layers for image classification
Authors: Xiang Qiu-Yu , Li Dong-Fen , Sun Yu-Chen , Hu Zhi-kang , Yuan Yu-Hang , Hua Xiao-Yu , Zhu Yong-Hao , Fu You , Jiang Yang-Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of quantum computing technology, the fusion of quantum computing and machine learning techniques is becoming a research hotspot in the field of machine learning. This article aims to explore the impact of the depth and width of quantum convolutional layers on image classification tasks in Quantum−Classical Hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks. To this end, a model combining parameterized quantum circuits and classical neural networks is designed, and a series of experiments are conducted on the MNIST dataset to assess the specific effects of different configurations of quantum convolutional layers on model performance. The research results indicate that simply increasing the depth or width of quantum convolutional layers does not guarantee performance improvement and sometimes may even lead to performance degradation. Therefore, when designing quantum convolutional layers, we should make reasonable choices based on the actual needs of the application scenarios. Finally, based on these findings, a multidimensional optimization strategy is proposed to enhance the overall performance of the model. The achievements of this research not only provide important guidance for the design and optimization of Quantum−Classical Hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks but also offer new research perspectives for researchers in the field of quantum machine learning.
Analysis of trapping effects on DC and RF performance in double Π-gate Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN MOSHEMTs
Authors: Venkateswarlu Rayabarapu , Acharya Bibhudendra , Mishra Guru Prasad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates trap analysis of the DC and RF performance of Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MOSHEMT) with double π-gate technology. The motivation behind double π-gate technology is to evenly distribute the peak electric field and reduce hot electron generation. This gate design helps to lower hot-electron generation across various operating conditions while maintaining device performance, particularly in the lower millimeter-wave frequency range. High dielectric constant HfO2 is used as gate oxide, which helps to lower the gate leakage current. Near the conduction band (CB), the electron quasi-fermi level of 30 meV is achieved. The practical application of HfO2 in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is limited by its high oxygen permeability, brittleness, and reactivity with moisture and CO2, which can cause mechanical stress and form hafnium carbonate, adversely affecting device performance. Future designs of the double-π gate structure could enhance electrostatic control, reduce short-channel effects, and improve high-frequency performance by scaling down gate dimensions and using high-k or novel dielectric materials. Additionally, optimization for mm-wave and THz applications would help to maintain electron mobility and minimize parasitic capacitance and resistance.
Numerical optimization of all-inorganic CsSnBr3 perovskite solar cells: the observation of 27% power conversion efficiency
Authors: Kheswa B V 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this research, we employed SCAPS-1D simulation software to numerically optimize the performance of four CsSnBr3-based perovskite solar cell structures. Specifically, we analyzed the FTO/ZnO/CsSnBr3/rGO/Se, FTO/AlZnO/CsSnBr3/rGO/Se, FTO/LiTiO2/CsSnBr3/rGO/Se, and FTO/WS2/CsSnBr3/rGO/Se configurations. The optimization process focused on adjusting the thicknesses of the electron transport layer, hole transport layer, and perovskite layer, while also evaluating the effects of temperature, series resistance, and shunt resistance on the Jsc, Voc, FF, and PCE. As a result, we achieved PCE of 26.92%, 26.89%, 26.89%, and 26.91% for the FTO/AlZnO, FTO/ZnO, FTO/LiTiO2, and FTO/WS2-based structures, respectively. Furthermore, the PCE obtained for all CsSnBr3-based perovskite solar cell structures outperformed the recently reported ITO/WS2/CsSnBr3/Cu2O/Au perovskite solar cell, which exhibited the highest PCE in the literature, by nearly 5%.
Conformal leaky wave antenna based on gap waveguide technology
Authors: Ansarian A , Dalili Oskouei H R , Zamini H , Mohammadi Shirkolaei M , Farahmand J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to structural and aerodynamic limitations, conformal antennas are increasingly sought after in antenna design. Gap waveguide technology has also gained traction for its potential in leaky wave antenna development. This paper proposes a novel conformal leaky wave antenna utilizing this emerging gap waveguide technology. Prior research has not extensively explored the radiation characteristics of such antennas on curved and conformal surfaces. This work addresses this gap by investigating the design procedure, radiation mechanism, and optimization methods for leaky wave antennas on conformal surfaces. The proposed antenna achieves a gain of approximately 18 dB and a scanning angle ranging from 1 to 33 degrees within the frequency band of 9.5 GHz to 12 GHz. Fabrication and subsequent measurements of the antenna were conducted, with the results demonstrating good agreement with the simulations.
The stochastic gravitational wave background from primordial gravitational atoms
Authors: Kang Zhaofeng , Li Tianjun , Ye Weitao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose a scenario of primordial gravitational atoms (PGAs), which may exist in the current and past universe due to spinning primordial black holes (PBHs) and very light bosonic fields. In a monochromatic mass scenario with a sizable dimensionless spin, which may arise in a short matter dominated (MD) era, we analyze the resulting stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) signal. Its spectrum is approximately characterized by a rising ∝ f
3 followed by a falling ∝ f
-1 where f is the frequency. Then, we investigate the constraints and prospects of such an SGWB, and find that PGAs with a core mass M
BH ∼ 𝒪(10) M
⊙ and a cloud of light scalar with mass μ ∼ 𝒪 (10-13) eV could yield constraints even stronger than those from bare PBHs. Future detectors such as LISA, Taiji and TianQin are able to explore PGAs over a narrow and elongated strap in the (μ,M
BH) plane, spanning over 10 orders of magnitude for the maximum spin, 10-8
M
⊙ ≲ M
BH ≲ 104
M
⊙, 10-16 eV ≲ μ ≲ 10-3 eV. If the PGA is dressed with a vector cloud, the SGWB signal has a much better opportunity to be probed.
Genetic variability of mud crab Scylla tranquebarica from Malili, South Sulawesi based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence: a preliminary assessment
Authors: Parenrengi A , Gunarto G , Tenriulo A , Sulaeman S , Herlinah H , Suryati E , Lante S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Analysis of genetic variability is a very important aspect of providing the genetic database for the domestication purposes of mud crab Scylla tranquebarica. Genetic characterization is needed to be assessed to support the mud crab breeding program. The study aimed to analyze the genetic variation of the mud crab S. tranquebarica broodstock collected from Malili, East Luwu, South Sulawesi, based on the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial 16S rRNA. The mud crab samples (n=10) were collected from fishermen. The genomic DNA and mtDNA 16S rRNA were isolated by the commercial kits, and the nucleotide sequence was done in the First Base. The sequences of mtDNA were analyzed using Mega-X, BLAST-N, and DnaSP to obtain a consensus sequence, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, haplotype number, and genetic distance. The results of the study revealed the genetic variability of mud crabs from Malili in terms of relatively high haplotype diversity of 0.533, low nucleotide diversity of 0.00096, and two haplotypes. Genetic distance among individuals for intra-population was 0.0010±0.0009. The two haplotypes were highly correlated with the number of clusters observed. Two clusters were detected in which the 1st cluster consisted of six individuals, and the 2nd cluster consisted of four individuals.
Surplus production model for the tuna (Thunnus Sp.) in Makassar Strait Waters
Authors: Hatmar Muh. Aldhy , Nelwan Alfa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tuna (Thunnus Sp.) is a pelagic fish with high potential and economic value in the Makassar Strait. This resource utilizes tuna handlines and purse seine units, and the number of gears has increased. Therefore, effective management is crucial to ensure optimal productivity. This study analyzes the catch and effort at maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of tuna (yellowfin and bigeye) in Majene Regency, West Sulawesi Province, from 2007 to 2022, using catch per unit effort (CPUE) and production data. The analysis includes the equilibrium approach and the Schaefer model to understand the subject comprehensively. In July 2022, the highest tuna catch was 143.47 tons (84.67 tons of yellowfin tuna and 58.8 tons of bigeye tuna). The average CPUE for tuna was 4.7 tons per unit, with a CMSY of 1,113.99 tons per year and an EMSY of 128 units per year. During 2014, 2015, 2019, and 2020, the biomass trend decreased, and overfishing occurred.
Explosive gas sensor based on photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Yang Jianchun , Li Xiaobing , Li Xinke , Liu Xiaoyang , Du Xiaoqing , Li Xueming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A Mach–Zehnder interferometer gas sensor, in which the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is coated with an allyl tetraphenylethylene (AL-TPE) film, is proposed. By fusing single-mode fibers to both ends of a PCF coated with an AL-TPE film, a core-mismatch sensor for explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection is formed. The relationship between the effective refractive index of the cladding mode and the refractive index of the sensitive film was simulated by the finite element method. The results indicate that as the refractive index of the sensitive film increases from 1.440 to 1.450, the interference fringes appear blue shift. The correlation coefficient is 0.998 and the sensitivity is 221 nm RIU−1. The experimental study investigated the interferometric spectra of PCF within the range of 10–40 mm interaction lengths. It was found that with longer interaction lengths, the trough shapes became sharper and wavelength shifts became more pronounced. In the case of a 30 mm interaction length PCF sensor, its linearity R
2 = 0.9804, with a sensitivity of 172.67 pm ppb−1 for TNT vapor. The sensor showed good selectivity when tested on non-explosive gases.
Machinability investigation on CNC milling of recycled short carbon fiber reinforced magnesium matrix composites
Authors: Atasoy Şahin , Kandemir Sinan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the machinability of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with short carbon fibers, which represent novel materials in the field. AZ91 alloy and its composites containing 2.5 and 5 wt% recycled carbon fiber (rCF) reinforcements were used as workpieces. Face milling was conducted using uncoated carbide cutting tools under dry cutting conditions with varied cutting speeds (480–560–640 m min−1) and feed rates (0.65–0.8–0.95 mm min−1). The experimental design was based on the Taguchi L9 (33) orthogonal array. Analysis included cutting forces, surface roughness, wear on cutting inserts, and chip morphology to assess machinability. Taguchi, analysis of variance, and regression methods were employed to analyze cutting force and surface roughness results. Findings indicated satisfactory machinability for AZ91 alloy and comparatively poorer performance for the 5 wt% rCF reinforced composite, with increased reinforcement content correlating with higher cutting force and surface roughness. SEM and EDX analyses revealed significant built-up layer formation on cutting inserts, with predominantly spiral-shaped continuous chips observed in the experiments. Overall, the study affirmed the machinability of the composites and identified suitable cutting parameters for further investigations.
Viscoelastic ordering in microfluidic devices: current knowledge, open questions and challenges
Authors: Del Giudice Francesco , D’Avino Gaetano 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objects flowing in microfluidic devices can self-organise in ordered structures thanks to the hydrodynamic interactions mediated by either inertial or viscoelastic forces. Such structures have been found to be crucial to enhancing microfluidic applications such as single encapsulation, co-encapsulation, and material synthesis. However, while inertial ordering has been investigated in more detail, studies on viscoelastic ordering are much more limited. In this perspective, we report the recent advancements in viscoelastic ordering while also discussing the open questions and challenges related to this field. We also include a brief description of both experimental and numerical protocols that can be employed to investigate viscoelastic ordering.
ScE-YOLO: an efficient approach for weld seam detection on workpiece surfaces
Authors: Li Zhiqing , Chen Haomin , Hu Qinghan , Zhou Hongxing , Huang Ziliang , Zhu Haijiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of industrial automation, the research and application of automated weld seam grinding equipment have been receiving increasing attention. These devices not only improve production efficiency but also help ensure consistency in product quality. However, due to adverse factors such as on-site lighting and dust, accurate weld seam localization remains a key challenge for automated grinding processes. In this paper, a specialized weld seam detection network is proposed for industrial environments. A lightweight feature extraction module, G-ELAN, is employed in the backbone to reduce network computing cost while maintaining feature extraction capabilities. Then, A Spatial-Channel Feature Attention Module (SCFAM) is designed to adaptively suppress background interference and enhance detection performance. Experiments on WELD-DET dataset illustrate that our ScE-YOLO achieves the mAP of 81.8%, exceeding other compared models and surpassing the baseline YOLOv8s by 2.1%. It indicates that our network significantly enhances detection performance for weld seam detection in industrial environments. Further experiments on public NEU-DET dataset show an AP50 of 81.3%, surpassing the compared models and demonstrating its generalization capability in similar contexts.
Research on wear of CBN tool in precision machining of AISI M2 hard turning
Authors: Zhou Tianwen , Wu Qingtang , Liu Jiali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In precision machining, tool wear deteriorates the surface quality of the workpiece and affects its surface integrity. Especially in hard turning precision machining, the tool is very prone to wear under the coupling load of large cutting force and high cutting heat. Therefore, tool wear has become one of the obstacles restricting the promotion of hard turning precision machining technology. This study investigates the effect of hard turning parameters on CBN tool wear using a single factor experimental method for dry hard turning AISI M2. The valuable research results are that: (1) The most prominent influence factor of CBN tool wear is cutting speed, and the increase of each processing parameter can aggravate tool wear; (2) The rake face, flank face and cutting edge of CBN tool are all worn, and their manifestations are crater, friction groove and micro chipping respectively; (3) The failure form of CBN tool is tool tip broken, including fatigue fracture caused by the decrease of tool tip strength and sudden fracture caused by large impact load; (4) The wear of CBN tool is resulted from mechanical friction, material adhesion and oxidation reaction, in which mechanical friction takes the main influence.
Use of Camellia sinensis in green synthesis of pure and nickel-doped copper oxide nanoparticles and investigation of their photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial effects
Authors: Parasar Nikhil , Mohanta Bidhan , Das Sandeep , Bora Manoj , Pandey Piyush 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has been widely studied recently. The cost-effectiveness, as well as the environment-friendly green approach to synthesizing nanoparticles, is a true achievement for the scientific community. In this study, tea (camellia sinensis) leaf extract was used to synthesize pure copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and nickel doped copper oxide nanoparticles (Ni/CuO NPs). Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with UV-visible spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, PXRD, and FESEM. The optical study of the sample revealed a narrow band gap of 1.60 eV in CuO NPs and 1.98 eV in Ni/CuO NPs. The incorporation of nickel into copper oxide has increased its band gap significantly. FESEM images show a clear picture of spherical shaped CuO and Ni/CuO NPs. PXRD shows that both samples have fine crystalline structure. The photocatalytic degradation effects were tested using methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of sunlight. Moreover, the antibacterial activities of the samples showed remarkable results against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. It is found that the nickel-doped CuO NPs are more effective in photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activities than pure CuO NPs.
Tailoring the optical properties of holey Si thin films
Authors: Zayouna Sarah , Kjellberg Mikko Erik , Schröder Stephan , Anand Srinivasan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Si thin films with holes are composite materials with interesting optical properties that can be fabricated and modified by state-of-the-art Si process technologies. Adjusting the volumetric air fraction of these films allows control over their effective refractive indices. This work demonstrates a novel scalable method that combines charged sphere colloidal lithography (CSCL) and dry etching to pattern spatially disordered nanoholes in Si thin films. The method can also be adapted to dielectric materials other than silicon. We show controlled tuning of the effective refractive index by lateral dry-etching of the holes. Utilizing this process, a progressive widening of the average hole diameter was obtained, expanding from initial diameters of 60 nm and 100 nm to dimensions reaching 118 nm and 168 nm, respectively. Consequently, the refractive index of the holey films decreased to approximately 2.1 determined via ellipsometry and Bruggeman's model in the near-infrared (NIR) - mid-infrared (MIR) range, in contrast to the unstructured Si refractive index of 3.42. The systematic optical modification was also observed in the reflection spectra of the fabricated films using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Dielectric holey thin films can be attractive for potential applications in MIR photonic devices such as filters and waveguides.
Reasonable Disagreement: Mark Tushnet, John Rawls, and a Democratic Point to Constitutionalism
Authors: Michelman Frank I 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bringing the thoughts of Mark Tushnet on the service (or disservice) of constitutionalism to democracy into conjunction with those of John Rawls, a striking overlap is found. We also find at least one seeming point of difference. Where Rawls shows no qualms about assignment to a judicial tribunal of a nearer-term decisive say over the constitutional validity of ordinary legislation when challenged as constitutionally noncompliant, Tushnet does. Rawls might limit judicial nay-saying to laws for which no credible defense can be summoned from within a wide space of reasonable disputability among adherents to constitutional democracy (and in that way draw closer to Tushnet), but Tushnet seeks ways to avoid or minimize even that much concession of shorter-term decisive authority away from ordinary democratic-majoritarian resolution. This chapter asks whether that difference necessarily signals some deeper division between the two bodies of thought over the political value or values to be served by constitutionalism in relation to democracy. Adverting then to Tushnet’s evident and persistent pursuit of an interest in weak-form judicial constitutional review—and giving consideration to possible explanations for that pursuit that would still not imply any positive embrace by Tushnet of constitutionalism for a country he would like to live in—the chapter concludes that it probably does not.
The Catholic Beethoven
Authors: Chong Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSince the middle of the nineteenth century, most accounts of Beethoven’s religious attitudes have assumed that, as a child of the Enlightenment, the composer was estranged from the Catholicism into which he was born, adhering instead to an idiosyncratic and unorthodox religious outlook that was suspicious of dogma and tradition. This long-standing narrative has often resulted in the critical marginalization of Beethoven’s religious music, with the notable exception of the Missa solemnis, which is usually included among his most important compositions only by being understood as a humanist or universalist work transcending its superficial identity as a setting of the Catholic Mass. The Catholic Beethoven challenges the conventional wisdom concerning Beethoven’s religious views by demonstrating that both the composer and his religious pieces were influenced by the German Catholicism of his era to a greater extent than has been thought. It uses new historical perspectives on the role of religion in the Enlightenment to reinterpret existing biographical evidence, as well as the composer’s sacred works—not just the Missa solemnis, but also the Mass in C, Christus am Ölberge, and the Gellert Lieder. Beethoven’s outlook was primarily shaped by ideas associated with the German Catholic Enlightenment, a movement that sought to reconcile traditional Catholic beliefs with certain elements of the Enlightenment in its more familiar secular strands. At the same time, he also had some sympathy for what would have been construed at the time as more “conservative” approaches to Catholicism that were in tension with this Catholic Enlightenment.
German Catholicism in Beethoven’s Time
Authors: Chong Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the history of the Catholic Church in the German-speaking lands during Beethoven’s era, including the way this history intersected with contemporaneous sociopolitical events and intellectual trends outside the Church, especially the secular Enlightenment. At the center of this account is the Catholic Enlightenment, a movement that sought to reconcile Catholic beliefs with ideas from the secular Enlightenment, and to reform the German Church based on those ideas. “Josephinism,” a program of ecclesiastical reforms ordered by the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II in the 1780s, constituted the most successful real-world implementation of Catholic Enlightenment ideas. The Catholic Enlightenment began in large part as a reaction to the Baroque Catholicism that preceded it. The French Revolution and the military conflicts that followed it in the German lands then prompted the “Catholic Restoration,” a reaction against the Catholic Enlightenment that revived many aspects of Baroque Catholicism.