bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los límites del reduccionismo en Química
Authors: Labarca Martín 
Published: June 2019

Resumen: La química y la física son disciplinas científicas que abarcan un conjunto específico de teorías, cada una de ellas con sus propios conceptos y leyes. Aunque ambas disciplinas mantienen un estrecho contacto en varios campos, el problema de la relación entre ellas se manifiesta principalmente en los vínculos entre la química molecular y la mecánica cuántica: es en este caso donde generalmente se asume que las entidades químicas, cuando se las analiza en profundidad, no son más que entidades físicas muy complejas. El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar que este supuesto ampliamente compartido no sólo en la comunidad cientifica, sino también, y en general, entre los educadores en química encuentra serios obstáculos cuando se lo analiza a partir de casos concretos de estudio, tanto desde una perspectiva histórica como desde la propia práctica científica.Palabras clave: Reduccionismo; Química molecular; Mecánica cuántica; Educación química. The limits of reductionism in Chemistry Abstract: Chemistry and physics are scientific disciplines that encompass a specific set of theories, each with its own concepts and laws. Although both disciplines maintain a close contact in several fields, the problem of the relationship between them is manifested mainly in the links between molecular chemistry and quantum mechanics: it is in this case that it is generally assumed that chemical entities, when analyzed in depth, are nothing else than extremely complex physical entities. The aim of this work is to show that this assumption widely shared not only in the scientific community, but also, and in general, among chemistry educators, encounters serious obstacles when it is analyzed from concrete cases of study, both from a historical perspective as from the scientific practice itself. Keywords: : Reductionism; Molecular chemistry; Quantum mechanics; Chemistry education.
Uma experiência de produção de videoaula experimental em aulas de Química
Authors: Pires Raissa Cristina , Rezzadori Cristiane Beatriz Dal Bosco 
Published: June 2019

Resumo: : A utilização dos telefones celulares em sala de aula com fins pedagógicos é crescente. Neste sentido, a produção de vídeos ganha espaço como ferramenta de ensino ao possibilitar aprendizagem significativa a partir do envolvimento e interesse dos alunos. Assim, este relato visa apresentar uma experiência com a utilização de videoaulas experimentais produzidas por alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública da cidade de Londrina-PR. A produção da videoaula experimental foi baseada em um roteiro elaborado pelos alunos e a coleta de dados foi feita por meio dos vídeos produzidos e de questionário aplicado antes e depois da atividade. A partir da análise dos questionários e vídeos produzidos, podemos inferir que a produção de uma videoaula experimental tem grande efetividade ao facilitar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, possibilitar as diferentes formas de expressão do aluno, bem como promover a autonomia e protagonismo estudantil.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Química; Produção de Vídeo; Videoaula experimental; Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). An experience of experimental videoaula production in Chemitry classroomsAbstract: : The use of cell phones in the classroom for educational purposes is increasing. Video lessons production gains space as a teaching tool by enabling meaningful learning from the involvement and interest of the students. Thus, it aims to present an experience with experimental video lessons produced by students of the 3rd year of high school in a public school in Londrina-PR. To this end, a theoretical class of concepts was developed and, in sequence, the production of the. The experimental video lessons production was based on a script prepared by the students and the data collection was done through videos produced and some questions were applied before and after the activity. From the analysis of the questionnaires and videos produced, we can infer that the production of experimental video lessons had great effectiveness in facilitating the teaching-learning process, enabling different forms of student expression, as well as promoting student autonomy and protagonism.Keywords: Chemistry teaching; Video production; Experimental video lessons; Information and communication technology.
Reflexões sobre o ensino tradicionalista de Química e uma comparação entre as ferramentas de ensino: visita técnica e softwares de simulação interativa
Authors: Silva Antonio Caian de Sousa , Monteiro Aldayr de Oliveira , Silva Solonildo Almeida da , Jucá Sandro César Silveira , Pascoal Caio Victor Pereira 
Published: June 2019

O ensino de Química no Brasil ainda enfrenta diversos problemas quanto a aprendizagem dessa disciplina e as complicações que a falta de um ambiente laboratorial causa aos alunos. De fato, o ensino tradicionalista permanece majoritário dentro das escolas públicas e segue causando uma dificuldade visível na maioria dos alunos por não deixar clara a verdadeira lição que a Química traz para o indivíduo social. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma reflexão acerca das dificuldades de aprendizagem no ensino de química e a comparação entre duas alternativas pedagógicas de ensino: Visita Técnica e Softwares de Simulação Interativa. Foi realizado um levantamento de 10 artigos que prática docente tradicional e de as novas metodologias mais utilizadas nos últimos 4 anos. Foram seguidas quatro etapas básicas para a escolha dos trabalhos segundo o método de estudo exploratório proposto por Antônio Carlos Gil, em seu livro “Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa”. A partir disto, pode-se notar a quase ineficácia do sistema tradicional de aula, onde o professor utiliza apenas os recursos de fala, pincel e lousa, visto que uma quantidade significativa de estudantes considera a química uma ciência matemática e enfadonha. A visita técnica possibilita uma visão nova de conceitos químicos aplicados ao cotidiano da sociedade, gerando assim, interesse em conhecer e se apropriar de conhecimentos ligados a desenvolvimento industrial. Com o uso de softwares interativos, os alunos puderam ter uma noção de fenômenos do mundo microscópico e assimilaram melhor os conteúdos, criando assim um elo entre a teoria e a prática, tudo isso de forma simples e lúdica. Com isso, este trabalho deixa evidente que a melhora de rendimento dos alunos e da qualidade do processo ensino-aprendizagem só irá ocorrer com a aplicação de novas metodologias como estas, que possibilitaram um completo desenvolvimento das capacidades de abstração e correspondência da química com o cotidiano de cada indivíduo.
APPLICATION DRAMA TECHNIQUE IN DEVELOPING SPEAKING OF THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN MAJENE
Authors: Rahman R Abdul 
Published: June 2019

This research aims to proof whether the application of drama technique is able to develop students’ speaking skill.The design of this study is experimental design. There were two groups: experimental and control group. The research was conducted at Madrasah Aliah Negeri Majene, and took 40 students as samples. The data were collected by using the pre-test, the treatment, and the post-test. The speaking test administered to the students of experimental and control class. The scores were assessed by three assessors. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using Pearson Product Moment assisted by SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for Service Solution) software program. The result of the research reveals that application of drama technique can be proven to develop students’ speaking skill and the application of drama technique develop students’ speaking skill. The result of the students’ speaking score development from pre-test to post test demonstrates a significant difference. The researcher found that sig.(2 tailed) is 0.000 which is lower than 0.05. The outcome of the students’ speaking development comparison between experimental and control group is 0.025. It means that the development is significant. The application of drama technique developed and improve students’ speaking skill. The finding signifies that application of drama technique is responded positively by the experimental class.
ARRIVE: Ambulance paramedics Responding to urgent patient Requests In general practice for home Visits — Evaluation development
Authors: Jones Jenna , Kingston Mark , Driscoll Timothy , Edwards Adrian , Evans Bridie , Hussain Ather , James Mari , Griffiths Lesley , Mclean Grayham , Keen Leigh , Phillips Ceri , Porter Alison , Snooks Helen , Watkins Alan 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundIn response to rising demand for health care and limited availability of GPs, paramedics are increasingly working in general practices, most commonly to carry out home visits. UK policy supports this change which involves role substitution across professional groups and sectors of care. In Wales, schemes have been introduced over the past few years, with various configuration, employment, and governance arrangements, but we do not know the risks and benefits of Paramedics working in Primary Care (PPC), or which model works best. There is an urgent need to better understand the PPC innovation.AimTo describe the evidence base, theoretical underpinning and current initiatives; and determine the feasibility of undertaking a definitive evaluation of PPC in order to produce generalisable evidence to inform policy and practice.MethodA survey of Welsh Health Boards has been undertaken to identify sites and stakeholders to take part in qualitative interviews. A feasibility study will be conducted with three GP practice sites: one with a directly-employed paramedic; one with a Welsh Ambulance Service-employed paramedic; and a control site. Data will be collected for the following outcomes: 1) number of home visits requested; 2) home visit outcomes (the proportion resolved, further home visit required, emergency admission, 999 call placed); 3) prescribing patterns; 4) subsequent healthcare contacts; 5) patient satisfaction; 6) serious adverse events; and 7) cost profile.ResultsWelsh Health Board survey and qualitative findings will be available at the time of the conference.ConclusionWe will submit an application for a fully powered application to NIHR HS&DR if indicated by our progression criteria.
The earlier identification of mental health problems in children and young people in primary care using their linked GP-hospital records
Authors: Prasad Vibhore 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 3–5% of the population of children and young people (CYP). CYP with mental health problems report long delays in the diagnosis of mental health problems. ADHD is recognised in just under 1% of children and young people in English primary care and qualitative work suggests that parents (carers) report to their GPs prior to obtaining a diagnosis of ADHD but a detailed knowledge of reasons for presenting to health care is lacking.AimTo ascertain the reasons for attendance to health care for CYP with compared to CYP without ADHD.MethodUsing the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) with linked Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data, all medical records for CYP with ADHD were extracted. Up to five CYP without ADHD were selected at random matched by age, sex, and GP practice. All GP and hospital medical records were extracted and inspected in the 2 years prior to the date of diagnosis of ADHD in the index case.ResultsThere were 8135 CYP with ADHD and 40 614 CYP without ADHD. Medical records from GP, hospital diagnosis codes, and operative procedure codes have been extracted. A description of the reasons for attendance to healthcare in the 2 years prior to diagnosis (index date) will be presented at the conference.ConclusionA detailed knowledge of reasons for attendance to healthcare for CYP with versus CYP without CYP will assist GPs, paediatrics, educationalists, and CYP’s parents (carers) may help to identify ADHD earlier than is currently possible.
Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Nunan David , Ordóñez-Mena José M , Roberts Nia , Thomas Elizabeth , Mahtani Kamal 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundCurrent recommendations for patients with irritable bowel syndrome to partake in physical activity do not incorporate evidence from all available randomised control trials (RCTs), with little information regarding potential adverse effects.AimTo assess the benefits and harms of physical activity interventions in adults diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome.MethodTen electronic databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched until 24 November 2017 for RCTs comparing a physical activity intervention with no intervention, usual care, or another intervention; assessing a validated measure of symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and bowel movement in any setting.ResultsNine RCTs with data for 326 participants were included. Interventions included yoga (n = 5), advice and support (n = 2), treadmill exercise (n = 1), and Qigong (n = 1) compared with usual care (n = 4), walking (n = 2), diet (n = 1), or medication only (n = 2). A meta-analysis of three studies demonstrated a large and statistically significant improvement in reported IBS symptoms (standardised mean difference −1.06, 95% confidence interval = −2.08 to −0.04; N = 84). However, evidence was rated as very low quality, providing very little confidence in the effect estimate. In additional meta-analyses, physical activity did not conclusively demonstrate improvements in QoL or abdominal pain. The quality of evidence was judged very low and low respectively, providing little confidence in the effect estimates. There was insufficient evidence to assess adverse effects due to poor trial reporting.ConclusionA small body of low to very-low quality evidence suggests physical activity may improve symptoms but not QoL or abdominal pain in people with irritable bowel syndrome but findings are uncertain.
Test Talk: an observational study exploring the discussion of blood tests in routine primary care consultations
Authors: Martin Jessica , Watson Jessica , Barnes Rebecca 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundClinicians are encouraged to share decisions about treatment options with their patients, however to-date there has been little research attention focusing on the discussion of investigations.AimThis study explored shared decision making (SDM) regarding blood testing during routine primary care consultations.MethodThis observational study used inductive and deductive qualitative content analysis to examine 50 consultations. Data were sampled from the One in a Million archive, which contains video-recordings of 300 primary care consultations and linked data between GPs and adult patients with permissions for reuse. The discussion surrounding both ordering blood tests and conveying results was coded, including who instigated testing, whether there was SDM, and how results were explained to patients.ResultsDuring 36/50 consultations in which ordering blood tests was discussed, 31% of patients hinted they wanted a blood test, however none explicitly asked: 32% of patients were informed about all blood tests ordered. Only 11% were offered any alternative options. In 81% of cases the GP gave some explanation of why the test was indicated, but only 17% explained any limitations of testing. Of 23/50 consultations in which results were conveyed, the GP gave no explanation of the results in 26% of cases: 57% of patients were only informed of an ‘assessment’ of the result, not the actual result.ConclusionThis study identifies numerous areas for improvement in terms of patient information and SDM surrounding blood testing. Promoting SDM has been hypothesised to reduce rates of unnecessary testing and could potentially improve patient-centred care and efficiency.
Association of mortality and warmer weather below heatwave thresholds, in Berlin, Germany, between 2013 and 2015: a retrospective study
Authors: Tilenius Heinz 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundWhile an association between increased mortality and heatwaves is well known, less is known about higher temperatures ranges below heatwaves and mortality, in urban settings.AimTo establish if there was an association between mortality rates within the population of Berlin, during defined risk periods of daily warmer temperatures between 2013 and 2015.MethodA retrospective secondary data analysis of death counts, population, and temperature data from Berlin. A defined risk periods model of specified temperature ranges of daily minimum and daily maximum temperatures investigated May to September, from 2013 to 2015. A Poisson regression model established incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for mortality. Effect size was estimated in ‘lives lost’.ResultsMortality rates were noticeably increased during defined risk periods for all people aged ≥65 years during daily temperatures of ≥18 to ≤29°C. In people aged ≥75–84 years, during risk period ≥18°C to ≤29°C, incidence risk ratio (IRR) was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.40, P = 0.004). For females aged 65–74 years, during ≥18°C to ≤29°C, a higher mortality rate was found, compared to males (females: IRR 1.28, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.42, P<0.001; males: IRR 0.93, 95% CI = 0.78 to 1.10, P = 0.390). Effect size calculation estimated an additional 252 deaths in Berlin, between 2013 and 2015, with 133 deaths in the ≥85-year group.ConclusionAs mortality of older people increased during defined warmer weather, temperatures below heatwave ranges need acknowledgement as a risk factor for health. Policies and health warning systems should include daily minimum temperatures.
QUATRO TESES PARA UMA AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE NAS CRECHES DA REGIÃO DE EMILIA-ROMAGNA
Authors: Benedetti Sandra 
Published: June 2019

Resumo: O texto apresenta a experiência que a Região de Emilia-Romagna, na Italia, está promovendo atualmente sobre a questão da avaliação educacional em creches e escolas da infância, a partir de uma abordagem sistêmica, ou seja, orientada a co-construção horizontalmente de processos e procedimentos destinados a avaliar a qualidade de cada creche e escola da primeira infância individualmente. De forma inédita no Brasil, o texto traz a tradução das quatro teses para uma avaliação da qualidade que representam as primeiras evidências do trabalho produzido sobre o processo de hetero-avaliação neste contexto. Palavras-chave: avaliação; qualidade; educação da infância italiana
Formación Pedagógica con Responsabilidad Social del Profesorado de las Carreras Tecnológicas del Instituto Bolivariano de Tecnología
Authors: Tolozano Benites Manuel Roberto , Delgado Saeteros Emma Zulay 
Published: June 2019

Los países latinoamericanos impulsaron, durante los años ochenta y noventa, una serie de transformaciones que llevaron a un escenario educativo actual más favorable. Mayoría de los programas de mejoramiento de la calidad y equidad en América Latina incluyeron: establecimiento de incentivos y programas de desarrollo profesional del profesorado. Unido a ello y como parte importante del cambio, se adoptaron políticas relativas al profesorado, que abarcaban toda su vida en el ejercicio profesional. En correspondencia a lo expuesto y dando respuesta a las nuevas exigencias que hoy tienen nuestro sistema educativo, se les exige a maestros y profesores habilidades, competencias y compromisos cada vez más complejos, por lo que este estudio versa sobre las carencias pedagógicas del profesorado del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Bolivariano de Tecnología y se presenta un modelo de formación pedagógica acorde a las características propias de la educación técnica y tecnológica, con el objeto de elevar la calidad de la educación, a través del mejoramiento de la preparación de los docentes y su desempeño profesional competente.
Анализ концепции многоступенчатого ускорения макротел. (Часть 2)
Authors: Чемерис В. Т. 
Published: June 2019

В первой части статьи были рассмотрены принципы построения многоступенчатых импульсных индукционных ускорителей макротел в виде дискретной последовательности одноступенчатых ускорителей. Во 2-й части работы рассмотрены особенности мощных индукторных систем калибра 120 мм, специфика работы стартовой ступени ускорителя на основе торцевого взаимодействия индуктора с плоским якорем, а также индукционные системы метания плоских пластин. Обсуждается возможность синхронного ускорения проводящего тела в поле импульсной бегущей магнитной волны, создаваемой распределенной системой катушек.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЖУВАЛЬНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПРИ ЛІКУВАННІ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ЗНІМНИМИ ОРТОПЕДИЧНИМИ КОНСТРУКЦІЯМИ ВИГОТОВЛЕНИМИ ЗА РІЗНИМИ ЛАБОРАТОРНИМИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЯМИ, НА ПІДСТАВІ ДАНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОМІОГРАФІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Запара П. , Янішен І. , Федотова О. 
Published: June 2019

В Україні виготовлення знімних пластинкових протезів з жорстким базисом сягає 80%. За даними літератури, від 20 до 26% пацієнтів не користуються знімними протезами, а 37% – незадоволені якістю ортопедичного лікування ними. Крім того, в 52% випадків знімні конструкції мають недостатню фіксацію та стабілізацію на протезних ложах. У 64% пацієнтів під базисами протезів розвиваються захворювання слизової оболонки травматичної етіології (В.А. Лабунець).
Тому дослідження процесу адаптації до нового протезу важливо для розуміння засобів контролю жувальної мускулатури і може дати цінну інформацію для визначення подальшого шляху вирішення проблем, що заважають хворим досягнути повної адаптації до протезів. Аналіз електроміографічної активності і кінетики жувальних рухів потрібен для розуміння системи рухової активності та жувальної ефективності.
Метою дослідження є порівняльна характеристика терміну/якості адаптації пацієнтів до знімних пластинкових ортопедичних конструкцій, виготовлених за різною лабораторною технологією, за допомогою електроміографічного дослідження жувальних м’язів.
Для досягнення поставленої мети було обстежено та проліковано 80 пацієнтів з частковою втратою зубів у віці 45–65 років, яким показано заміщення дефектів зубних рядів частковими знімними ортопедичними конструкціями. Пацієнти, що брали участь у дослідженні, були розділені на три групи: пацієнтам першої групи протези було виготовлено з акрилової пластмаси термоінжекційним методом; пацієнтам другої групи протези були виготовлені з акрилової пластмаси гарячої полімеризації компресійним методом; третю групу складали пацієнти, протези яким були виготовлені з нової вітчизняної акрилової пластмаси методом вільного лиття з послідуючою полімеризацією під тиском.
Головним показником адаптації пацієнтів нашого дослідження є нормалізація функції жування, що оцінюється за допомогою електроміографічного аналізу жувальних м’язів.
Виходячи с показників середнього коефіцієнта відношення показників електроміографічного дослідження, ми можемо стверджувати, що адаптація пацієнтів групи, де протези виготовлялися за технологією лиття з послідуючою полімеризацією під тиском, є більш послідовною та якіснішою, ніж у груп пацієнтів, де використовувалися інші лабораторні технології виготовлення знімних протезів.
Таким чином, електроміографічне дослідження показало, що методика лиття з послідуючою полімеризацією під тиском при виготовленні знімних пластинкових протезів більш якісно відновлює жувальну функцію та спонукає на нормалізацію та адаптацію м’язової системи до жування.