bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcome of a Silicone Expander for Brown's Syndrome
Authors: Keskinbora Kadircan H 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Purpose: Assessment of the long-term outcome of a silicone tendon expander for Brown's syndrome.
Patients and Methods: Records of 22 eyes of 16 patients with the diagnosis of Brown's syndrome were reviewed. Patients who had previous superior oblique (SO) muscle surgery or previous or concurrent surgery on another muscle were not included. The average follow-up period was 58.4 months. The SO tendon was cut approximately 5 mm away from the nasal border of the superior rectus muscle. The expander, which varied from 5 to 7 mm in length, was placed in the tenotomized SO muscle tendon.
Results: Elevation in adduction was obtained in all patients who underwent surgery. One eye had undercorrection, one eye had limitation in downgaze, and three eyes had overcorrection postoperatively. Six eyes had a severe postoperative inflammatory reaction that was successfully treated with topical corticosteroids and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Six eyes had foreign body sensation that resolved in time. In two eyes, consecutive SO palsy developed. One eye was reoperated for extrusion and the silicone bands were removed from two eyes; these eyes improved in 2 to 4 months.
Conclusion: Silicone expander surgery is a challenging procedure used to treat Brown's syndrome. No cyclotorsion occurred after this surgery. This procedure is reversible and repeatable. A learning period is required to obtain the skill needed to avoid entering the sub-Tenon space.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2007;44:163169.
Traumatic Dislocation and Successful Re-enclavation of an Artisan Phakic IOL With Analysis of the Endothelium
Authors: Ioannidis A , Nartey I , Little B C 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To present a case of traumatic dislocation of an Ophtec Artisan phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) and an analysis of the endothelial cell count.
METHODS: The patient presented with blurred vision in his left eye after sustaining a brow laceration. History included uncomplicated bilateral implantation of an Artisan PIOL to correct myopia.
RESULTS: The brow laceration was sutured and topical dexamethasone 0.1% qid was prescribed. One week after presentation, the PIOL was relocated. Postoperatively, endothelial cell count analysis was performed in both eyes.
CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in the hexagonality of the endothelial cells was noted in both eyes, which was substantially lower in the injured eye. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:102-103.]
Epi-LASIK: Histological Findings of Separated Epithelial Sheets 24 Hours After Treatment
Authors: Katsanevaki Vikentia J , Naoumidi Irini I , Kalyvianaki Maria I , Pallikaris Ioannis G 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the histological findings of four eyes of three patients who underwent epi-LASIK treatment for the correction of low myopia.
METHODS: The epithelial sheets were harvested either immediately after separation (one eye) or were accidentally dislocated and harvested from the operative eyes 24 hours after treatment (three eyes). All sheets underwent optical and transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS: Histological evaluation showed that the majority of the epithelial cells were morphologically normal in all examined specimens.
CONCLUSIONS: Histological examination of specimens in four eyes showed that 24 hours after mechanical separation the epithelial cells' morphology was close to normal. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:151-154.]
A Standardized Drawing Scheme to Document Corneal Changes Following Refractive Corneal Surgery
Authors: Bühren Jens , Kohnen Thomas 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To present a systematic and standardized drawing scheme for unambiguous and reproducible documentation of corneal changes after incisional techniques, coagulative procedures, and lamellar and surface ablation excimer surgery.
METHODS: Standardized symbols in five colors representing specific corneal conditions after incisional surgery (eg, radial keratotomy, astigmatic keratotomy), coagulative procedures (eg, laser thermokeratoplasty, conductive keratoplasty), surface ablation (eg, photorefractive keratectomy, laser subepithelial keratomileusis, epi-LASIK), and LASIK are used to record corneal changes in frontal and sectional views.
RESULTS: Corneal changes following refractive corneal surgery were documented.
CONCLUSIONS: The drawing scheme permits specific features to be followed in the clinic in a clear and unambiguous manner. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:166-171.]
A Correction Formula for the Real Intraocular Pressure After LASIK for the Correction of Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Kohlhaas Markus , Spoerl Eberhard , Boehm Andreas G , Pollack Katharina 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To create a correction formula to determine the real intraocular pressure (10P) after LASIK considering the altered corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and corneal stability.
METHODS: This prospective clinical trial comprised 101 eyes of 59 patients (34 women and 25 men) that underwent LASIK with a mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction of -6.3±2.17 diopters (D) (-3.0 to -11.5 D). Mean patient age was 32 ±9 years. Preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, I OP (by GoIdmann applanation tonometry), keratometry (by topography), and central corneal thickness (CCT) (by ultrasound pachymetry) were evaluated. These parameters were measured in all patients between 8 and 11 o'clock in the morning.
RESULTS: Due to the LASIK procedure, IOP was reduced from 16.5±2.1 mmHg (range: 12 to 22 mmHg) to 12.9±1.9 mmHg (range: 8 to 16 mmHg). Multiple linear regression analysis of the IOP values before and after LASIK showed a significant correlation between the measured IOP and CCT and keratometry values (R2=0.631; P<.001). After LASIK, the biomechanical bending strength of the cornea is reduced by the cut so that the measured IOP must be additionally corrected by 0.75 mmHg. An equation containing all three changes is given: IOP (real) = IOP (measured) + (540-CCT)/71 + (43 - K-value)/2.7 + 0.75 mmHg.
CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular pressure measurements after LASIK for the correction of myopia are inaccurate as a consequence of changes in CCT, corneal curvature, and corneal flap stability. After LASIK, the measured IOP should be corrected to avoid false low IOP applanation readings. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:263-267.]
Accuracy of the WASCA Aberrometer Refraction Compared to Manifest Refraction in Myopia
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z , Archer Timothy J , Couch Darren 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of myopic refraction by a single measurement using the Wavefront Supported Custom Ablation (WASCA) aberrometer (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany).
METHODS: We retrospectively compared the refractive errors obtained by manifest refraction and wavefront refraction (WASCA) in 50 eyes of 25 consecutive myopic patients undergoing laser refractive surgery. The sphere ranged from -1.00 to -8.25 diopters (D) and cylinder from 0 to -3.75 D. WASCA measurements under cycloplegia were made and WASCA refractions calculated for a 6-mm analysis zone using the Seidel method within the WASCA. We used the manifest refraction as our best estimate of the true refractive error, therefore accuracy was defined as the difference between manifest refraction and that of the WASCA. Correlation coefficients and mean vector errors between manifest and WASCA refraction were calculated.
RESULTS: High correlation was shown between manifest and WASCA refractions, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.97, 0.85, and 0.79 for M, J180, and J45, respectively. Mean power vector error (standard deviation) was 0.22 D (0.39), +0.03 D (0.21), and +0.03 D (0.13) for M, J180, and J45, respectively. Total dioptric power vector error was 0.43 D with 74% eyes within 0.50 D.
CONCLUSIONS: When measuring normal myopic eyes, the concordance between manifest and WASCA refractions was found on average to be high; however, outlier measurements occurred. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:268-274.]
Biomechanical Model of Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Fernández D Cabrera , Niazy A M , Kurtz R M , Djotyan G P , Juhasz T 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Refractive consequences of corneal transplants are analyzed using corneal biomechanical models assuming homogeneous and in homogeneous stiffness distributions across the cornea. Additionally, refractive effects of grafts combined with volume removal procedures are also evaluated to develop methods to reduce postoperative refractive management of patients.
METHODS: Refinements of a two-dimensional finite element model are applied to simulate the biomechanical and refractive effects of different corneal transplant procedures: anterior lamellar keratoplasty, posterior lamellar keratoplasty, and penetrating keratoplasty. The models are based on a nonlinearly elastic, isotropic formulation. Predictions are compared with published clinical data.
RESULTS: The model simulating the penetrating keratoplasty procedure predicts more change in the postoperative corneal curvature than models simulating anterior lamellar keratoplasty or posterior lamellar keratoplasty procedures. When a lenticle-shaped tissue with a central thickness of 50 microns and a diameter of 4 mm is removed from the anterior corneal surface along with the anterior lamellar keratoplasty or posterior lamellar keratoplasty, the models predict a refractive correction of-8.6and -8.9 diopters, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Simulations indicate that a posterior lamellar keratoplasty procedure is preferable for obtaining a better corneal curvature profile, eliminating the need for specific secondary treatments. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:293-302.]
Evaluation of Pupil Dynamics After Implantation of Artisan Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Bootsma Sander J , Tahzib Nayyirih G , Eggink Fred A G J , de Brabander John , Nuijts Rudy M M A 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare pre- and postoperative horizontal and vertical pupil diameters after horizontal Artisan phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) (Ophtec BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) implantation for correction of myopia.
METHODS: The pre- and postoperative scotopic pupil diameters measured by the Colvard pupi I l?mete r (Oasis Medical, Glendora, Calif) were compared in 71 eyes after Artisan PIOL implantation (Artisan Colvard group). Analysis of pupil shape (vertical vs horizontal diameter, V/H ratio) after horizontal Artisan PIOL implantation was performed with the Procyon pupi I l?mete r (Procyon Instruments Ltd, London, United Kingdom) in 121 eyes (Artisan Procyon group) under scotopic, mesopic-low, and mesopic-high conditions and compared to an age- and refraction -matched control group of 121 eyes of refractive surgery candidates (Procyon control group).
RESULTS: After horizontal Artisan PIOL implantation, the mean horizontal pupil diameter decreased from 6.23?0.70 mm preoperatively to 5.34?0.68 mm postoperatively in the Artisan Colvard group (P<.01). The mean horizontal scotopic diameter was 5.60?0.66 mm, the mesopic-low diameter was 4. 94 ?0.71 mm, and the mesopic-high diameter was 3. 98 ?0.54 mm for the Artisan Procyon group. The mean horizontal scotopic diameter was 6.29 ?0.91 mm, the mesopic-low diameter was 5.40 ?0.96 mm, and the mesopic-high diameter was 4. 16 ?0.80 mm in the Procyon control group. A significant increase was noted in V/H ratio under scotopic, mesopic-low, and mesopic-high conditions from 1.02, 1.02, and 1.01, respectively, in the Procyon control group to 1.17, 1.12, and 1.06, respectively, in the Artisan Procyon group (P<.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Horizontal pupil size was significantly decreased after horizontal Artisan PIOL implantation and might be attributed to a mechanical restriction of the iris in the horizontal meridian. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:367-371.]
Retreatment of LASIK
Authors: Sharma Namrata , Balasubramanya Ramamurthy , Sinha Rajesh , Titiyal Jeewan S , Vajpayee Rasik B 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To review the indications, techniques, and results of retreatment LASIK.
METHODS: Review of the literature and the authors' experience.
RESULTS: Patient selection is the key to successful LASIK enhancement. The enhancement procedure should generally be undertaken 3 months after the initial LASIK procedure. Re lifting of the flap may be done easily within 1 year of previous LASIK surgery. A new LASIK flap is required in cases with previously complicated LASIK. LASIK retreatment by lifting the flap is an effective and safe procedure. Overall improvement is seen in uncorrected visual acuity (^ 20/20 and 5* 20/40) and postoperative spherical equivalent refraction within ?0.5 D and ?1.0 D.
CONCLUSIONS: LASIK retreatment is an effective modality to treat regressions and residual refractive errors. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:396-401.]
Prophylactic Perioperative Antiviral Therapy for LASIK in Patients With Inactive Herpetic Keratitis
Authors: Silva Ma Victoria de Rojas , Díez-Feijóo Elío , Javaloy Jaime , Sánchez-Salorio Manuel 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the outcome of LASIK in patients with inactive herpetic keratitis in which perioperative antiviral prophylaxis was used to prevent the recurrence of ocular herpes.
METHODS: We report an uncontrolled series of five patients with inactive herpetic keratitis for at least 1 year before surgery in whom LASIK was successfully performed. All patients showed normal topography, pachymetry, and corneal sensitivity with no central corneal scarring. Perioperative prophylaxis was used in each case with oral va !acyclovir and topical acyclovir ointment.
RESULTS: None of the eyes developed reactivation of herpetic keratitis during follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that perioperative antiviral prophylaxis may protect the cornea from herpes simplex virus reactivation after LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:404-406.]
NeuroVision Treatment for Low Myopia Following LASIK Regression
Authors: Lim Kooi Ling , Fam Han Bor 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate a novel non-surgical method for improving vision in a refractive surgery patient.
METHODS: A 45-year-old man who had undergone LASIK 5 years previously presented with blurred distance vision. Unaided vision in the right eye was 20/32'2 and 20/20 in the left eye. He enrolled for NeuroVision treatment (Neuro Vision Pte Ltd, Singapore), a computer-based interface in which a repetitive set of visual excerises is performed for 10 to 12 weeks.
RESULTS: After 35 sessions, unaided visual acuity in the right eye was 20/16"3 and 20/20"1 in the left eye, representing 2.8 lines of improvement in the right eye and 1.6 lines in the left eye.
CONCLUSIONS: NeuroVision, a noninvasive treatment based on the concept of perceptual learning, is a benefit in cases in which surgical enhancement is not recommended. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:406-408.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy in Megalophthalmos Anterior
Authors: Gallyas Éva , Hidasi Vanda , Ferincz István , Kolozsvári Lajos 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPURPOSE: To evaluate the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism in megalophthalmos anterior.METHODS: Four eyes of two brothers with megalophthalmos anterior were treated with PRK. In patient 1, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 20/20 in both eyes with a refraction of -4.50 -4.50 x 180? in the right eye and -3.75 -3.00 x 175? in the left eye. In patient 2, BSCVA was 20/25 in both eyes with a refraction of -4.25 x 166? in the right eye and +0.50 -4.00 x 175? in the left eye.RESULTS: Topographic map, slit-lamp, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and postoperative course (no progression), supported with vectorial analysis, demonstrated megalophthalmos anterior. During 24-month follow-up, mild haze was observed and BSCVA was maintained.CONCLUSIONS: Myopia and astigmatism are often observed in this type of nonprogressive corneal dysgenesis. Based on this fact and our results, we recommend PRK in cases of megalophthalmos anterior. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:408-411.]
Quantitative Vascular Density Changes in Choriocapillaris Around CNV After Anti-VEGF Treatment: Dark Halo
Authors: Rispoli Marco , Savastano Maria Cristina , Lumbroso Bruno 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The authors have observed and quantified choriocapillaris vascular density changes (“dark halo”) around choroidal neovascularization (CNV) before and after anti-vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) injections by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Forty-three flow density areas of 11 eyes with CNV were evaluated before and after treatment in this observational case series. Four cases were CNV type 1 and seven were CNV type 2. All the patients were evaluated by a spectral-domain OCT system. The scans were registered at baseline before injection, between 6 days and 14 days after injection, and monthly thereafter. The dark halo was automated assessed by Image J software.

RESULTS:

The authors observed a fluctuation of the dark halo around the CNV, the dark halo being larger in 95.4% of the cases before treatment and decreasing after injection. Correspondingly, the mean CNV area decreased in 83.7% of the cases after injection. The mean CNV area before treatment was 0.44 mm
2
(± 0.40 mm
2
) and 0.34 mm
2
(± 0.29 mm
2
) after treatment. The dark halo mean area before treatment was 0.34 mm
2
(± 0.27 mm
2
) and 0.25 mm
2
(± 0.23 mm
2
) after treatment. CNV area and dark halo area reductions after injection were statistically significant (
P
< .001). CNV-to-halo ratio was statistically significant, decreasing after injection (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
OCTA is a noninvasive vascular imaging tool able to detect CNV flow and features. OCTA is also suitable to highlight choriocapillaris vascular density changes around neovascularization after treatment. The dark halo around CNV seen by OCTA showed a fluctuation after anti-VEGF treatment. These results might be useful in clinical practice.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2018;49:918–924.]
Comparison of Inverted ILM-Stuffing Technique and ILM Peeling Alone for Optic Disc Pit-Associated Maculopathy: Long-Term Results
Authors: Ravani Raghav , Kumar Atul , Karthikeya R. , Kumar Pradeep , Gupta Yogita , Mutha Vinit , Singh Shilky 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate long-term outcomes of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) stuffing into the optic disc pit for optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) compared with vitrectomy with ILM peeling alone.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Twelve eyes of 12 patients who underwent vitrectomy for ODP-M and followed up more than 12 months were included. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of inverted ILM flap stuffing into ODP (group 1, n = 6) with ILM peeling alone (group 2, n = 6).

RESULTS:

At 12 months, both groups showed significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness. On comparison, significantly faster resolution of maculoschisis was found in group 1 compared with group 2 (
P
= .012).

CONCLUSIONS:
Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with ILM peeling and PPV with inverted ILM stuffing are effective treatment modalities for ODP-M, with inverted ILM stuffing showing faster resolution of maculoschisis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:e226–e232.]
Using an Intelligent Tutoring System to Support Learners’ WMC in e-learning: Application in Mathematics Learning
Authors: El Mamoun Bouchra , Erradi Mohamed , El Mhouti Abderrahim 
Published: December 2018

Learning is a complex process linked to a number of individual, cognitive and affective characteristics of the learner. In this context, the learner’s Working Memory (WM) concept has also been identified as a preacher of learning performance. In the learning process, solving a problem is an essential part of the learner's WM. Its capacity and performance are predictive factors of academic success. The success of the given problem depends on a good selection, processing and transformation of this information. This mental work within the WM requires a good WM Capacity (WMC). The improvement of the WMC needs some strategies which focus on the learning content and the use of educational technologies in the learning process.
Encouraged by the results of previous research, this work aims to harness the potential of educational technologies to enhance the learners' WM ability in learning mathematics in an e-learning environment. In order to help learners with low WMC in e-learning, this paper proposes to set up an e-learning platform integrating an Intelligent Tutorial System (ITS). The purpose of this ITS is to manage the limited ability of the learner's WM by adopting strategies that improve the transition of mathematical knowledge from short-term memory to long-term memory. The proposed ITS generates e-learning content that will serve to improve the learner's WMC, and subsequently improve his learning performance.
Des monuments merveilleux ou des hommes émerveillés ?
Authors: Soto Omayra Herrero 
Published: December 2018

Dans cet article, je propose une nouvelle réflexion sur la terminologie utilisée pour nommer les merveilles du monde dans les sources arabes, notamment lorsqu’on parle des merveilles du monde comme de réalités remarquables ayant été catégorisées sur la base de critères variés. Par ailleurs, je mets en évidence les insuffisances du débat sur cette terminologie tel qu’il a été proposé jusqu’à présent (par exemple, la distinction traditionnelle entre ʿaǧīb et ġarīb, « merveille ordinaire » et « merveille extraordinaire »), lorsqu’on parle des constructions humaines qui sont pourtant considérées comme merveilleuses au même niveau que celles dont l’origine est attribuée à la Divinité, telles que les merveilles naturelles. Enfin, j’analyse les stratégies employées par les auteurs afin de ranger ces constructions dans la catégorie des « merveilles », c’est-à-dire comme des créations aux caractéristiques surprenantes et sortant de l’ordinaire.
« Océan » : texte, poésie, poème (février 1854)
Authors: Laforgue Pierre 
Published: December 2018

Les cinq poèmes de Victor Hugo souvent réunis sous l’appellation de « nébuleuse “Océan” », bien qu’ils aient été séparés dans des publications tardives, possèdent plusieurs caractéristiques communes : une même période de rédaction bien circonscrite (février 1854), une forte unité thématique, et une forme strophique très contraignante. Leur genèse est indissociable de celle, strictement contemporaine, d’autres poèmes qui entreront dans La Fin de Satan, encore à l’état d’ébauche, mais aussi dans Les Contemplations et la première série de La Légende des siècles. On peut alors observer dans cet océan créatif, sans équivalent dans la vie de Victor Hugo, que c’est autour du poème de Satan que se construit le reste, « nébuleuse “Océan” » comprise. Prévue dès l’origine en poèmes distincts, cette dernière ne se comprend que dans son rapport avec lui, non comme un projet à part, mais plutôt comme une tentative provisoire, et compensatoire, de donner une forme à ce qui n’en avait pas encore.