bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Hydrogels in Organoids and Organs‐on‐a‐Chip
Authors: Liu Haitao , Wang Yaqing , Cui Kangli , Guo Yaqiong , Zhang Xu , Qin Jianhua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSignificant advances in materials, microscale technology, and stem cell biology have enabled the construction of 3D tissues and organs, which will ultimately lead to more effective diagnostics and therapy. Organoids and organs‐on‐a‐chip (OOC), evolved from developmental biology and bioengineering principles, have emerged as major technological breakthrough and distinct model systems to revolutionize biomedical research and drug discovery by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexity of human organs in vitro. There is growing interest in the development of functional biomaterials, especially hydrogels, for utilization in these promising systems to build more physiologically relevant 3D tissues with defined properties. The remarkable properties of defined hydrogels as proper extracellular matrix that can instruct cellular behaviors are presented. The recent trend where functional hydrogels are integrated into organoids and OOC systems for the construction of 3D tissue models is highlighted. Future opportunities and perspectives in the development of advanced hydrogels toward accelerating organoids and OOC research in biomedical applications are also discussed.
Cationic Polyelectrolyte Bridged Boron Nitride Microplatelet Based Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composite: A Novel Method toward High Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Li Huayuan , Gao Yuan , Zhu Pengli , Du Xiaomeng , Yu Xuecheng , Ma Longquan , Li Gang , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEfficient heat dissipation becomes increasingly important for high power density devices. 2D layered material hexagonal (BN) has gained extensive attention due to its superior heat conduction performance. However, phonon scattering within the polymer composites makes it fail to reach the full potential of BN. In this work, a cationic polyelectrolyte namely branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) is utilized to building bridged structure between BN and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer. The PEI on the BN surface can help to restrict the agglomeration of the fillers to achieve more uniform distribution then building more effective thermal conductive channels. When filled with BN@PEI particles at the loading of 50 vol%, the thermal conductivity is increased to 14.22 W m−1 K−1. The ultrahigh of thermal conductivity is mainly attributed to this linear polyelectrolyte bridged molecular which can be acted as a phonon transfer pathway between BN and PVA matrix and lead to the remarkably decrease of interface thermal resistance. In addition, mechanical performance of the BN@PEI/PVA composites is also attributed to the enhanced interfacial affinity between filler and polymer matrix. This work provides an effective universal strategy to design polymer composites to improve the efficiency of heat dissipation in next‐generation high power products.
Synergistical Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties in n‐Type Bi2O2Se by Carrier Engineering and Hierarchical Microstructure
Authors: Tan Xing , Liu Yaochun , Liu Rui , Zhou Zhifang , Liu Chan , Lan Jin‐Le , Zhang Qinghua , Lin Yuan‐Hua , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOxygen‐containing compounds are promising thermoelectric (TE) materials for their chemical and thermal stability. As compared with the high‐performance p‐type counterparts (e.g., ZT ≈1.5 for BiCuSeO), the enhancement of the TE performance of n‐type oxygen‐containing materials remains challenging due to their mediocre electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. Here, n‐type layered Bi2O2Se is reported as a potential TE material, of which the thermal conductivity and electrical transport properties can be effectively tuned via carrier engineering and hierarchical microstructure. By selective modification of insulating [Bi2O2]2+ layers with Ta dopant, carrier concentration can be increased by four orders of magnitude (from 1015 to 1019 cm−3) while relatively high carrier mobility can be maintained, thus greatly enhancing the power factors (≈451.5 µW K−2 m−1). Meanwhile, the hierarchical microstructure can be induced by Ta doping, and the phonon scattering can be strengthened by atomic point defects, nanodots of 5–10 nm and grains of sub‐micrometer level, which progressively suppresses the lattice thermal conductivity. Accordingly, the ZT value of Bi1.90Ta0.10O2Se reaches 0.36 at 773 K, a ≈350% improvement in comparison with that of the pristine Bi2O2Se. The average ZT value of 0.30 from 500 to 823 K is outstanding among n‐type oxygen‐containing TE materials. This work provides a desirable way for enhancing the ZT values in oxygen‐containing compounds.
Convergent evolution in floral morphology in a plant ring species, the Caribbean Euphorbia tithymaloides
Authors: Cacho N. Ivalú , Monteverde‐Suárez María José , McIntyre Patrick J. 
Published: July 2019

PremiseRing species have long fascinated evolutionary biologists for their potential insights into lineage divergence and speciation across space. Few studies have investigated the potential for convergent or parallel evolution along the diverging fronts of ring species. We investigated a potential case of parallel floral variation in the Caribbean spurge Euphorbia tithymaloides, the only plant system with molecular support as a ring species. The terminal populations of each front, despite being the most divergent, exhibit such similar floral traits that they were originally considered each other's closest relative.MethodsWe evaluated convergence in floral and leaf traits in relation to geography across 95 populations spanning the distribution of E. tithymaloides. We also reanalyzed available genetic data (from previous phylogenetic analyses) in an explicitly spatial framework.ResultsFloral morphology appears to have shifted in a convergent fashion along both geographic fronts of E. tithymaloides, resulting in shorter and more compact inflorescences in Antillean populations compared to the typical elongate “slipper‐like” cyathia characteristic of the area of origin. Patterns of spatial genetic variation were more consistent with a two‐fronted invasion of the Caribbean than with a simpler model of isolation‐by‐distance.ConclusionsFloral divergence in E. tithymaloides is consistent with convergent evolution along the two fronts of a ring species. We outline several (not mutually exclusive) mechanisms that could be driving patterns in morphology, including shifts toward generalized pollination with reduced reliance on hummingbirds, shifts in floral structure closely matching available hummingbird bill traits, and shifts toward increased selfing.
Combined effects of layered nanofillers and intumescent flame retardant on thermal and fire behavior of ABS resin
Authors: Hu Dongtao , Zhou Qianqian , Zhou Keqing 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe application of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) copolymer as construction material is largely restricted by its inherent flammability and the release of a great amount of smoke and toxic gases during combustion. To address this issue, the combination of conventional flame retardants and nanoadditives was proven to be a promising way. Herein, both intumescent flame retardants (IFR) and layered nanofillers, that is, graphene and layered double hydroxide were added into ABS resin. These nanofillers exhibited superior dispersion in the ABS matrix. Thermal and fire behaviors of ABS resin were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis, UL‐94 vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index test, and cone calorimetry. The ABS composites containing IFR and layered nanofillers presented remarkable decline in total heat release, peak heat release rate, and volume of toxic effluents released in the burning process compared with those of neat ABS, indicating the significantly improved fire safety of ABS. Moreover, introducing layered nanofillers could further enhance the heat stability and fire safety of the flame‐retardant ABS composites, indicating the presence of synergistic effect between IFR and layered nanofillers. The scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy results confirmed the formation of compact and dense intumescent chars, which could obstruct the spread of heat and mass, and thus improved the heat stability and flame retardancy of ABS resin. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48220.
Perioperative outcomes and long-term quality of life after total pancreatectomy
Authors: Pulvirenti A , Pea A , Rezaee N , Gasparini C , Malleo G , Weiss M J , Cameron J L , Wolfgang C L , He J , Salvia R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Total pancreatectomy is required to treat diseases involving the entire pancreas, and is characterized by high morbidity rates and impaired long-term quality of life (QoL). To date, risk factors associated with perioperative and long-term outcomes have not been determined fully.

Methods
Data from patients undergoing total pancreatectomy between 2000 and 2014 at two high-volume centres were analysed retrospectively to assess risk factors for major surgical complications. Short Form (SF) 36, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-PAN26 and Audit of Diabetes Dependent questionnaires, as well as an original survey were used to investigate factors influencing QoL.

Results
A total of 329 consecutive patients underwent total pancreatectomy in the two centres. Overall, total pancreatectomy was associated with a morbidity rate of 59·3 per cent and a 30-day mortality rate of 2·1 per cent. Age over 65 years and long duration of surgery (more than 420 min) were independently associated with major complications (at least Clavien–Dindo grade III). QoL analysis was available for 94 patients (28·6 per cent) with a median follow-up of 63 (i.q.r. 20–109) months; the most common indication for total pancreatectomy in these patients was intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (46 per cent). Both physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores of SF-36® were lower after total pancreatectomy compared with scores for a normative population (P = 0·020 and P &lt; 0·001 respectively). Linear regression analysis showed that young age, abdominal pain and worse perception of body image were negatively associated with the PCS, whereas diabetes, sexual satisfaction and perception of body image affected MCS.

Conclusion
Total pancreatectomy can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Older patients had a higher risk of postoperative complications but reported better QoL than younger patients.
Catalytic Transformation of Biomass Derivatives to Value‐Added Chemicals and Fuels in Continuous Flow Microreactors
Authors: Hommes Arne , Heeres Hero Jan , Yue Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiomass as a renewable and abundantly available carbon source is a promising alternative to fossil resources for the production of chemicals and fuels. The development of biobased chemistry, along with catalyst design, has received much research attention over recent years. However, dedicated reactor concepts for the conversion of biomass and its derivatives are a relatively new research field. Continuous flow microreactors are a promising tool for process intensification, especially for reactions in multiphase systems. In this work, the potential of microreactors for the catalytic conversion of biomass derivatives to value‐added chemicals and fuels is critically reviewed. Emphases are laid on the biphasic synthesis of furans from sugars, oxidation and hydrogenation of biomass derivatives. Microreactor processing has been shown capable of improving the efficiency of many biobased reactions, due to the transport intensification and a fine control over the process. Microreactors are expected to contribute in accelerating the technological development of biomass conversion and have a promising potential for industrial application in this area.
A Lithium‐Free Energy‐Storage Device Based on an Alkyne‐Substituted‐Porphyrin Complex
Authors: Chen Zhi , Gao Ping , Wang Wu , Klyatskaya Svetlana , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Wang Di , Kübel Christian , Fuhr Olaf , Fichtner Maximilian , Ruben Mario 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPorphyrin complexes are well‐known for their application in solar‐cell systems and as catalysts; however, their use in electrochemical energy‐storage applications has scarcely been studied. Here, a tetra‐alkenyl‐substituted [5,10,15,20‐tetra(ethynyl)porphinato]copper(II) (CuTEP) complex was used as anode material in a high‐performance lithium‐free CuTEP/PP14TFSI/graphite cell [PP14TFSI=1‐butyl‐1‐methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide]. Thereby, the influence of size and morphology on the electrochemical performance of the cell was thoroughly investigated. Three different nanocrystal CuTEP morphologies, namely nanobricks, nanosheets, and nanoribbons, were studied as anode material, and the best cyclability and highest rate capability were obtained for the nanoribbon samples. A high specific power density of 14 kW kg−1 (based on active material) and excellent rechargeability were achieved with negligible capacity decay over 1000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g−1. These results indicate that the porphyrin complex CuTEP could be a promising electrode material in high‐performance lithium‐free batteries.
Prolonged follow‐up on lenalidomide‐based treatment for mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma)—Real‐world data from the Medical University of Vienna
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Lamm Wolfgang , Neuper Ortrun , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Raderer Markus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBased on results of two pilot trials, lenalidomide (LEN) was found to be active and safe as monotherapy and showed an increased response rate of 80% in combination with rituximab (R) for patients with mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. While initial results were promising, there are currently no data on long‐term outcome, and larger international phase II/III trials on LEN for indolent lymphoma lack specific subgroup analyses. Thus, we have systematically analyzed 50 patients treated with LEN‐based therapy (LEN‐monotherapy n = 16, R‐LEN n = 34) at the Medical University of Vienna 2009 to 2019 and investigated long‐term outcome and relapse patterns. At a follow‐up of more than 5 years (median 68 months), 54% of patients are free of relapse, and estimated median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 72 months (95%CI 49‐96). There was no difference in PFS according to stage of disease, i.e. localized versus disseminated disease (P = .67) and previous systemic treatment (P = .16). Interestingly, but with the caveat of the limited number of patients included in this series, primary extragastric disease had a superior PFS compared with gastric lymphoma (P = .04) and also depth of response, i.e. complete or partial response versus stable disease was associated with significantly prolonged PFS (P = .01). We documented four patients (8%) with pronounced improvement of response during follow‐up including three patients initially rated as partial remission and finally achieving complete remission at 12 to 32 months. This highlights the potential of delayed responses to LEN treatment. Estimated overall survival at 5 years was excellent at 92%. These “real‐world” data confirm long‐term activity of LEN in MALT lymphoma.
Multicriteria Decision Analysis Characterization of Chemical Hazard Assessment Data Sources
Authors: He Haoyang , Malloy Timothy F , Schoenung Julie M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chemical hazard assessment (CHA), which aims to investigate the inherent hazard potential of chemicals, has been developed with the purpose of promoting safer consumer products. Despite the increasing use of CHA in recent years, finding adequate and reliable toxicity data required for CHA is still challenging due to issues regarding data completeness and data quality. Also, collecting data from primary toxicity reports or literature can be time consuming, which promotes the use of secondary data sources instead. In this study, we evaluate and characterize numerous secondary data sources on the basis of 5 performance attributes: reliability, adequacy, transparency, volume, and ease of use. We use GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals v1.4 as the CHA framework, which defines the endpoints of interest used in this analysis. We focused upon 34 data sources that reflect 3 types of secondary data: chemical-oriented data sources, hazard-trait–oriented data sources, and predictive data sources. To integrate and analyze the evaluation results, we applied 2 multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methodologies: multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) and stochastic multiobjective acceptability analysis (SMAA). Overall, the findings in this research program allow us to explore the relative importance of performance criteria and the data source quality for effectively conducting CHA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–14. © 2019 SETAC
Postharvest treatments with γ‐aminobutyric acid, methyl jasmonate, or methyl salicylate enhance chilling tolerance of blood orange fruit at prolonged cold storage
Authors: Habibi Fariborz , Ramezanian Asghar , Rahemi Majid , Eshghi Saeid , Guillén Fabián , Serrano María , Valero Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlood orange is sensitive to chilling injury (CI) depending on cultivar and storage temperature. Postharvest treatments with γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), or methyl salicylate (MeSA) are known to alleviate CI. γ‐Aminobutyric acid aqueous solution, applied at 20 and 40 mM, was vacuum‐infiltrated at 30 kPa for 8 min at 20 °C. Methyl jasmonate or MeSA vapor treatments were applied separately at 50 and 100 μM by putting the fruit in 20 L plastic containers for 18 h at 20 °C. There have been no reports about postharvest treatments of GABA, MeJA, or MeSA on enhancing the tolerance of ‘Moro’ blood orange to chilling during long‐term cold storage at 3 °C for 150 days, which was the subject of this study.RESULTSAll treatments significantly alleviated CI symptoms of blood orange manifested by lower electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations, and higher proline content in flavedo during storage. The largest effects were obtained with 100, 50 μM, and 40 mM for MeSA, MeJA, and GABA, respectively, which enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL). On the other hand, these treatments suppressed peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities.CONCLUSIONThe mechanisms involved in enhancing the tolerance of ‘Moro’ blood orange to chilling could involve scavenging H2O2 by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, higher PAL/PPO activity ratio, and osmoregulation by increasing proline content. These changes led to the maintenance of the epidermis structure. This was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Knowledge first, stability and value
Authors: Walker Barnaby 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhat should knowledge first theorists say about the value of knowledge? In this paper I approach this issue by arguing for a single ‘modest knowledge first claim’ (MKF) about the value of knowledge. This is that the special value of knowledge isn’t merely instrumental value relative to true belief. I show that MKF is inconsistent with the version of the Platonic stability theory that Williamson defends in Knowledge and its Limits. I then argue in favour of MKF by arguing that Williamson’s stability theory fails for reasons that plausibly generalise to any theory of the value of knowledge that is inconsistent with MKF. Crucial to this argument is a putative adequacy condition on philosophical theories of the value of knowledge: that, in order to fully explain the special value of knowledge, a theory must identify respects in which knowledge is more valuable than true belief that give enquirers adequate reason for preferring knowledge to true belief. I conclude by suggesting that this adequacy condition is the source of a more general dilemma for proponents of philosophical theories of the value of knowledge.
Next-Generation-Sequencing in der Epigenetik
Authors: Zeschnigk Michael , Horsthemke Bernhard 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Molekulare Epigenetik bezieht sich auf die chemische und physikalische Modifikation von DNA und Chromatin. Transkriptionsfaktoren bestimmen die Chromatinzustände ihrer Zielgene, während Chromatinzustände andererseits die Bindung von Transkriptionsfaktoren an die DNA beeinflussen. Chromatinzustände sind gekennzeichnet durch spezifische Muster der DNA-Methylierung, Histonmodifikation, den Abstand der Nukleosomen und die 3‑D-Faltung von Chromatin. Seit dem Aufkommen des Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) ist es möglich, diese Muster im genomweiten Maßstab mit einer beispiellosen Auflösung zu analysieren. Solche epigenetischen Karten sind wertvoll, um regulatorische Elemente zu identifizieren, normale und gestörte Entwicklungsvorgänge zu verstehen und Epimutationen zu entdecken.
On Granites
Authors: Yakymchuk C. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Granites are important components of the Earth's continental crust and represent the net effect of thermochemical processes that operate during partial melting, magma extraction, ascent, emplacement and crystallization. Compositional and isotopic variations in granites arise from source heterogeneities, mixing in the source, and peritectic mineral entrainment as well as crystal fractionation and assimilation. Fluid-absent hydrate-breakdown melting reactions that accompany high-temperature metamorphism are responsible for differentiating the continental crust into a granitic upper portion and a residual lower portion. In some cases, melting can proceed through the influx of a hydrous fluid, although the significance of this on the long-term compositional differentiation of the continental crust is debated. Accessory minerals in granites are important chronometers and play a primary role in transferring the radiogenic isotope signature of sources to granites. Magma ascent and emplacement are guided by deformation and pluton construction is expected to be incremental with pluton heterogeneity being related to the interaction and differentiation of individual magma batches, as well as the extent to which melt separates from solid residual source material. The nature of the source plays a crucial role in the concentration of water and volatiles that are essential for the generation of hydrothermal–magmatic mineral deposits. Future studies of granites using non-traditional stable isotope systems are expected to provide new insights into the evolution of Earth’s continental crust.
Geotechnical Characterisation and Finite Element Analysis of Two Landslides along the National Highway 1-A (Ladakh Region, Jammu and Kashmir)
Authors: Hussain Gulzar , Singh Yudhbir , Bhat G.M. , Sharma Swati , Sangra Rameshwar , Singh Arjun 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Dambu and Saraks slide are the two prominent translational debris slides along the national highway 1-A, which disrupts the vehicular traffic along this route. Detailed geotechnical investigation of soil samples from these landslides have been carried out to determine inherent cause of instability. Further finite element analysis (FEA) for the landslides was carried out to determine the strength reduction factor of the slope material for finding the critical slope failure point and total displacements. Results indicate the FOS of 1.95 for Dambu slide and 0.47 for Saraks slide respectively. The results of the geotechnical lab investigations for both the landslides are conformable with the FEA and the field observations.