bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of patients and family caregivers in managing pneumoconiosis in the family context: A study protocol
Authors: Li Polly W. C. , Yu Doris S. F. , Tam Samuel Y. S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThis study aims to explore the illness experience and needs of patients with pneumoconiosis and the caregiving experience of their respective family caregivers.DesignThis is an exploratory qualitative study.MethodsParticipants will be recruited during the annual patient interview with purposive sampling. Those with a confirmed diagnosis of pneumoconiosis for at least 1 year will be eligible. Patients with different levels of physical dependency will be recruited. The respective family caregivers of these patients, who are ≥21 years of age, assuming the role as primary caregivers of a pneumoconiosis patient will also be invited to join. In‐depth interviews will be conducted in patients’ home separately for patients and their caregivers and a home environment assessment will also be undertaken. The interview data will be transcribed verbatim, managed with the software NVivo 11 and analysed with content analysis. The ethical approval has obtained, and this study is supported by a research grant from the Pneumoconiosis Compensation Fund Board of Hong Kong on 14 August 2018.DiscussionThis study will advance the knowledge on how pneumoconiosis patients and their family caregivers manage the disease in the family context. The findings of this study can inform the development of a family‐oriented care model to support the pneumoconiosis patients and their family caregivers to manage this condition better.Impact StatementPneumoconiosis is the most common type of occupational lung disease in the Chinese population. These patients require long‐term comprehensive services and support to assist their disease self‐management. However, little is known about how these patients and their family caregivers manage the disease in the family context. The current study addresses this gap by exploring patients’ illness experience and their family members’ caregiving experience, which is timely to inform the design of family‐oriented model of care to support this clinical cohort.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04022902).
Mammals and long‐distance over‐water colonization: The case for rafting dispersal; the case against phantom causeways
Authors: Ali Jason R. , Vences Miguel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the absence of evidence suggesting former ice or land bridges, the colonization of remote landmasses by non‐aquatic, non‐flying vertebrates is thought to result from long‐distance over‐water rafting (LDOR). However, Mazza et al. (2019) challenge the notion that mammals can make such journeys citing their perceived physiological inadequacies. They claim that lengthy transits combined with lack of food and water plus the stresses imposed by temperature, humidity and salinity render such passages impossible. We, though, contend that this reasoning is wrong. The few cases where LDOR has been invoked for mammal colonization have all involved small‐bodied animals, several of which are able to drastically reduce their metabolic rates through torpor/hibernation when food and water are scarce. Furthermore, there may be sustenance. Crucially, LDOR obviates the need for miraculous short‐lived causeways and the attendant issue of unrecognized large‐scale bidirectional invasions being made by other organisms that had access to the conduits.
SIVcpz cross‐species transmission and viral evolution toward HIV‐1 in a humanized mouse model
Authors: Curlin James , Schmitt Kimberly , Remling‐Mulder Leila , Moriarty Ryan , Stenglein Mark , O'Connor Shelby , Marx Preston , Akkina Ramesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHIV‐1 evolved from its progenitor SIV strains, but details are lacking on its adaptation to the human host. We followed the evolution of SIVcpz in humanized mice to mimic cross‐species transmission. Increasing viral loads, CD4+ T‐cell decline, and non‐synonymous mutations were seen in the entire genome reflecting viral adaptation.
Uncertainty over implications of placental histopathological findings: A survey of Australian and New Zealand neonatologists
Authors: Lieschke Anna , Dahlstrom Jane E , Kent Alison L , Sethna Farah 
Published: October 2019

AimPlacental examination is known to provide useful information following an adverse pregnancy outcome. Despite existing literature and guidelines for placental examination; current workplace practices, attitudes towards the value of placental examination and the knowledge of perinatal clinicians regarding placental lesions of significance are unknown. The aim of the study is to explore the current knowledge of neonatologists and maternal fetal medicine specialists on placental histopathological findings and clinical management based on placental pathology.MethodsA total of 280 specialists working in perinatal centres across Australia and New Zealand were invited to complete a 20‐question online multiple‐choice‐based survey addressing work‐place placental examination practices, and participant beliefs regarding the utility of histopathological findings and follow‐up practices.ResultsA total of 74 neonatologists participated in the survey (28.2% response rate). Maternal fetal medicine specialists were excluded due to low response rate (2%). A total of 100% of respondents believed placental examination provided useful information regarding recent pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. They reported being aware of the presence of protocols for macroscopic examination of, and indications for histopathological examination of the placenta (55.4 and 54.1%, respectively). Nine neonatologists reported a system for actioning abnormal placental reports. There was no consensus amongst neonatologists as to which specific placental lesions held implications for future pregnancy or neonatal outcomes, and how these findings should be followed.ConclusionsOur findings show placental examination is valued amongst neonatologists in Australia and New Zealand, but highlights the need for better education regarding the significance and utility of the results and what would be best practice for following up reports.
Morphological and masticatory performance variation of mouth behavior groups
Authors: Franks Erin M. , Jeltema Melissa , Luck Paige J. , Beckley Jacqueline , Foegeding E. Allen , Vinyard Christopher J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFood texture preference and product acceptance are hypothesized to be influenced by mouth behavior. Recent work identified four mouth behavior (MB) groups that describe most consumers in the United States: Chewers, Crunchers, Smooshers, and Suckers. While these behavioral preferences are thought to play a significant role in food selection and purchasing decisions, it is unknown how closely they relate to body and oral cavity measures as well as masticatory apparatus performance. Our objectives were twofold: to determine whether MB groups are related to (a) morphological variation in body, head, and oral cavity size and (b) masticatory apparatus performance (i.e., maximum jaw gape, maximum bite forces at the incisors and first molar). Measurements were collected following an online MB assessment (JBMB Mouth Behavior Typing Tool) where participants self‐identified as one of the four types of consumers. As expected, univariate associations were observed between masticatory performance and overall body as well as oral cavity size. These relationships did not persist when assessed with multivariate methods. MB groups did not differ by body, head, or oral cavity measurements; maximum gape; or maximum bite force. Because of small sample sizes for Smooshers and Suckers—a reflection of their limited prevalence in the U.S. population—we interpret the results for these groups with caution. We can more confidently conclude based on our sample that Chewers and Crunchers do not differ in size, bite force, or maximum gape, suggesting other factors primarily drive food texture choice and preference in these individuals.
Rheopheresis: A new therapeutic approach in severe calciphylaxis
Authors: Robert Thomas , Lionet Arnaud , Bataille Stanislas , Seret Guillaume 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimUremic calciphylaxis, also called calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (CUA), is a rare disease with a poor prognosis (mortality between 45% and 80%). Treatment is currently not standardized, and is based mainly on risk factor control, often with administration of sodium thiosulfate. We report the use of rheopheresis, a double filtration apheresis technique, specifically designed to improve blood rheology and tissue perfusion, as adjunctive therapy in eight patients with severe CUA.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed eight cases of severe CUA treated by rheopheresis after failure of conventional measures, including administration of sodium thiosulfate and discontinuation of vitamin K antagonists.ResultsOf the patients, there were 5 (63%) women, the median age was 69 (63.9‐73) years. Four (50%) patients had biopsy‐proven CUA. At diagnosis, the median dialysis vintage was 35 (3.9‐42) months; five (63%) patients were anuric. Weekly median dialysis duration and dose were 12 (12‐12.75) hours and 1.19 (1.13‐1.48) Kt/V per dialysis session, respectively. Median time from CUA onset to first rheopheresis therapy was 26 (3.2‐68) days. Patients started with 2‐3 weekly sessions, coupled with haemodialysis. Complete remission was obtained in five patients (66%) after 25 (19‐39) sessions over a duration of 119 (114‐196) days. Three patients died, two of which resulted from an infectious complication related to CUA.ConclusionRheopheresis is a promising approach, with a good safety profile, for the treatment of CUA. A prospective study with a larger population, would clarify its place in the therapeutic armamentarium.
Two pediatric cases of influenza B‐induced rash and mucositis: Stevens‐Johnson syndrome or expansion of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae‐induced rash with mucositis (MIRM) spectrum?
Authors: Goyal Amrita , Hook Kristen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present two pediatric cases of recurrent mucositis associated with influenza B infection, both in patients with prior episodes of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) due to Mycoplasma. Influenza B is an uncommon cause of both rash and mucosistis and SJS.
Reducing AB plasma utilisation through the AB plasma appropriateness index
Authors: Al Khan S. , Rosinski K. , Petraszko T. , Dawe P. , Hwang B. W. , Sham L. , Hudoba M. , Roland K. , Shih A. W. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryObjectivesWe hypothesised that there was inappropriate group AB plasma used in our hospital, identifiable by a novel key quality indicator (KQI) and mitigable through massive transfusion protocol (MTP) modification.BackgroundGroup AB plasma is a scarce resource strained by increasing usage worldwide when used as universal donor plasma in non‐group AB patients. To reduce inappropriate use and to promote benchmarking to the best practice, we developed the AB plasma appropriateness index (ABAI). ABAI is the ratio of AB plasma transfused to group AB or unknown blood group patients to all AB plasma utilised, where values closer to 1 are better.MethodsData collected included AB plasma disposition by blood group, indications for transfusion, total blood utilisation, patient clinical characteristics and outcomes. ABAI during a 12‐month period was retrospectively assessed, which led to implementation of pre‐thawed group A plasma instead of group AB plasma for trauma patients starting in July 2017.ResultsThe ABAI retrospectively showed inappropriate use in non‐group AB patients in our hospital, the majority used to avoid expiry after thaw. When comparing 1‐year pre‐ and post‐implementation periods, ABAI improved from 0·464 to 0·900 (P < 0·0001). After exclusion of therapeutic plasma exchange, ABAI still improved (0·486–0·720, P < 0·0001). No differences in the length of stay or mortality associated in 32 patients receiving group A plasma for emergency release were observed.ConclusionThe ABAI is a novel KQI to indicate inappropriate AB plasma usage for quality improvement. This led to thawed A plasma use for MTPs, reducing inappropriate AB plasma usage.
U-Pb evidence for a 2.15 Ga orogenic event in the Archean Kaapvaal (South Africa) and Pilbara (Western Australia) cratons
Authors: Rasmussen Birger , Zi Jian-Wei , Muhling Janet R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There is geological evidence for widespread deformation in the Kaapvaal craton, South Africa, between 2.2 and 2.0 Ga. In Griqualand West, post-Ongeluk Formation (ca. 2.42 Ga) and pre-Mapedi Formation (>1.91 Ga) folding, faulting, and uplift have been linked to the development of a regional-scale unconformity, weathering horizons, and extensive Fe-oxide mineralization. However, the lack of deformational fabrics and the low metamorphic temperatures (<300 °C) have hampered efforts to date this event. Here we show that metamorphic monazite in Neoarchean shales from four stratigraphic intervals from the Griqualand West region grew at ca. 2.15 Ga, >400 m.y. after deposition. Combined with previous studies, our results show that sedimentary successions across the Kaapvaal craton deposited before ca. 2.26 Ga record evidence for crustal fluid flow at ca. 2.15 Ga, which is locally associated with thrust faulting, folding, and cleavage development. The style of the deformation is similar to that of the Ophthalmian orogeny in the Pilbara craton, Australia, which is interpreted to reflect the northeast-directed movement of a fold-thrust belt between 2.22 and 2.15 Ga. Our results suggest that the Kaapvaal and Pilbara cratons, which some paleogeographic reconstructions place together as the continent Vaalbara, experienced an episode of synchronous folding and thrusting at ca. 2.15 Ga. Deformation was followed by uplift and the development of unconformities that are associated with some of Earth’s oldest oxidative weathering and with the onset of Fe-oxide mineralization.
Progressive tilting of salt-bearing continental margins controls thin-skinned deformation
Authors: Ge Zhiyuan , Warsitzka Michael , Rosenau Matthias , Gawthorpe Rob L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As a primary driving force, margin tilting is crucial for gravity-driven thin-skinned salt tectonics. We investigated how instant versus progressive margin tilting mechanisms influence salt tectonics using an analogue modeling setup where tilting rate could be controlled. Instant tilting resulted in initially high deformation rates, triggering widely distributed upslope extension and downslope contraction. Later, both the extensional and contractional domains migrated upslope as early extensional structures were successively deactivated, while deformation rates decreased exponentially. In contrast, progressive tilting led to downslope migration of the extensional domain by sequentially formed, long-lived normal faults. Contraction localized on a few, long-lived thrusts before migrating upslope. We attribute the distinct structural evolution of thin-skinned deformation, especially in the extensional domain, in the two tilting scenarios mainly to mechanical coupling between the brittle overburden and underlying viscous material. The coupling effect in turn is largely controlled by the deformation rate. By demonstrating the spatiotemporal variations of structural style and kinematic evolution associated with instant versus progressive tilting, we suggest that such variation is identifiable in nature and therefore can provide a new way to analyze margin tilting histories.
Sea-level driven acceleration in coastal forest retreat
Authors: Schieder Nathalie W. , Kirwan Matthew L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ghost forests, consisting of dead trees adjacent to marshes, are a striking feature of low-lying coastal and estuarine landscapes, and they represent the migration of coastal ecosystems with relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Although ghost forests have been observed along many coastal margins, rates of ecosystem change and their dependence on RSLR remain poorly constrained. Here, we reconstructed forest retreat rates using sediment coring and historical imagery at five sites along the Mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, a hotspot for accelerated RSLR. We found that the elevation of the marsh-forest boundary generally increased with RSLR over the past 2000 yr, and that retreat accelerated concurrently with the late 19th century acceleration in global sea level. Lateral retreat rates increased through time for most sampling intervals over the past 150 yr, and modern lateral retreat rates are 2 to 14 times faster than pre-industrial rates at all sites. Substantial deviations between RSLR and forest response are consistent with previous observations that episodic disturbance facilitates the mortality of adult trees. Nevertheless, our work suggests that RSLR is the primary determinant of coastal forest extent, and that ghost forests represent a direct and prominent visual indicator of climate change.
Once-weekly semaglutide for patients with type 2 diabetes: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the Netherlands
Authors: Hunt Barnaby , Malkin Samuel J P , Moes Robert G J , Huisman Eline L , Vandebrouck Tom , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H R 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveChoosing therapies for type 2 diabetes that are both effective and cost-effective is vital as healthcare systems worldwide aim to maximize health of the population. The present analysis assessed the cost-effectiveness of once-weekly semaglutide (a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist) versus insulin glargine U100 (the most commonly used basal insulin) and versus dulaglutide (an alternative once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist), from a societal perspective in the Netherlands.Research design and methodsThe IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model was used to project outcomes for once-weekly semaglutide 0.5 mg and 1 mg versus insulin glargine U100, once-weekly semaglutide 0.5 mg versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg, and once-weekly semaglutide 1 mg versus dulaglutide 1.5 mg. Clinical data were taken from the SUSTAIN 4 and SUSTAIN 7 clinical trials. The analysis captured direct and indirect costs, mortality, and the impact of diabetes-related complications on quality of life.ResultsProjections of outcomes suggested that once-weekly semaglutide 0.5 mg was associated with improved quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.19 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) versus insulin glargine U100 and 0.07 QALYs versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg. Once-weekly semaglutide 1 mg was associated with mean increases in quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.27 QALYs versus insulin glargine U100 and 0.13 QALYs versus dulaglutide 1.5 mg. Improvements came at an increased cost versus insulin glargine U100, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios from a societal perspective of €4988 and €495 per QALY gained for once-weekly semaglutide 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively, falling below Netherlands-specific willingness-to-pay thresholds. Improvements versus dulaglutide came at a reduced cost from a societal perspective for both doses of once-weekly semaglutide.ConclusionsOnce-weekly semaglutide is cost-effective versus insulin glargine U100, and dominant versus dulaglutide 0.75 and 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and represents a good use of healthcare resources in the Netherlands.
A whole body characterization of individual strategies, gender differences, and common styles in overarm throwing
Authors: Maselli Antonella , Dhawan Aishwar , Russo Marta , Cesqui Benedetta , Lacquaniti Francesco , d’Avella Andrea 
Published: October 2019

Overarm throwing is a fundamental human skill. Since paleolithic hunter-gatherer societies, the ability of throwing played a key role in brain and body co-evolution. For decades, throwing skill acquisition has been the subject of developmental and gender studies. However, due to its complex multijoint nature, whole body throwing has found little space in quantitative studies of motor behavior. In this study we examined how overarm throwing varies within and between individuals in a sample of untrained adults. To quantitatively compare whole body kinematics across throwing actions, we introduced a new combination of spatiotemporal principal component, linear discrimination, and clustering analyses. We found that the identity and gender of a thrower can be robustly inferred by the kinematics of a single throw, reflecting the characteristic features in individual throwing strategies and providing a quantitative ground for the well-known differences between males and females in throwing behavior. We also identified four main classes of throwing strategies, stable within individuals and resembling the main stages of throwing proficiency acquisition during motor development. These results support earlier proposals linking interindividual and gender differences in throwing, with skill acquisition interrupted at different stages of the typical developmental trajectory of throwing motor behavior. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unconstrained throwing, because of its complexity, received little attention in quantitative motor control studies. By introducing a new approach to analyze whole body kinematics, we quantitatively characterized gender effects, interindividual differences, and common patterns in nontrained throwers. The four throwing styles identified across individuals resemble different stages in the acquisition of throwing skills during development. These results advance our understanding of complex motor skills, bridging the gap between motor control, motor development, and sport science.
Implementing the chick embryo model to study vestibular developmental disorders
Authors: Seal Hayley E. , Lilian Sigmund J. , Popratiloff Anastas , Hirsch June C. , Peusner Kenna D. 
Published: October 2019

Children with congenital vestibular disorders show delayed motor development and challenges in maintaining posture and balance. Computed tomography images reveal that these children have abnormal inner ears in the form of a sac, with the semicircular canals missing or truncated. Little is known about how this inner ear abnormality affects central vestibular development. At present, mice with the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 mutation are the most common model for studying congenital vestibular disorders, despite forming multiple diverse inner ear phenotypes and inducing abnormal cerebellar and visual system development. To identify the effects of a sac-like inner ear on central vestibular development, we have designed and implemented a new model, the anterior-posterior axis rotated otocyst (ARO) chick, which forms a sac-like inner ear in 85% of cases. The ARO chick is produced by anterior-posterior rotation of the otocyst at embryonic day 2. Here, we describe for the first time the 15% of ARO chicks that form three small semicircular canals and rename the ARO chicks forming sacs (ARO/s chicks). The basic features of the vestibular sensory organs in ARO/s chicks are similar to those found in patients’ sacs, and ARO/s hatchlings experience balance and walking problems like patients. Thus, ARO/s chicks have a reproducible inner ear phenotype without abnormalities in vestibular-related structures, making the model a relatively simple one to evaluate the relationship between the sac-like inner ear pathology and formation of the central vestibular neural circuitry. Here, we describe unpublished details on the surgical approaches to produce ARO chicks, including pitfalls and difficulties to avoid. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper describes simple techniques for chick otocyst rotation resulting in a sac-like inner ear (85%), the common phenotype in congenital vestibular disorders. We now describe anterior-posterior axis rotated otocyst chicks, which form three small canals (15%), and rename chicks forming a sac (ARO/s chicks). Basic protocols and potential complications of otocyst rotation are described. With the use of ARO/s chicks, it will be possible to determine how the vestibular neural circuit is modified by sac-like inner ear formation.