bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the nature and financial performance of bitcoin
Authors: Alfieri Elise , Burlacu Radu , Enjolras Geoffroy 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide some insights on the true nature of bitcoin and to study empirically its performance by using robust models, widely used in the academic literature. Previous studies assess performance with simple measures such as the Sharpe ratio. Such measures are insufficient because they do not take into account the bitcoin’s specificities, such as the possibilities to diversify risk.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use quantitative methodologies to assess the performance of financial assets. Performance is defined as a risk-adjusted return. The authors use regression analysis and measure bitcoin’s performance as the constant term (α) of the projection of its returns on the returns of relevant factors of risk.

Findings
Bitcoin has low correlation with the market index and with factor-mimicking portfolios, which indicates opportunities to diversify risk. The performance of bitcoin (α) is positive and significant; this result is robust across period and world region specifications.

Research limitations/implications
The true nature of bitcoin is subject of debate and needs further research. Furthermore, other factors should be considered in analysing the bitcoin’s performance, such as those related to investors’ behaviour or political risk.

Practical implications
The empirical results obtained in this paper may be used by professional portfolio managers to diversify risk and to enhance their portfolio’s performance.

Originality/value
This paper adds to the literature by arguing that bitcoin has the nature of common stock, and therefore, its performance has to be assessed with models that are relevant for this type of securities. This paper is the first using performance models that adjust returns for relevant sources of risk.
Workplace bullying: an examination of power and perpetrators
Authors: De Cieri Helen , Sheehan Cathy , Donohue Ross , Shea Tracey , Cooper Brian 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of power imbalance to explain workplace and demographic characteristics associated with bullying by different perpetrators in the healthcare sector.

Design/methodology/approach
All 69,927 members of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (Victoria) were invited to participate in an online survey in 2014; 4,891 responses were received (7 per cent response rate). Participants were asked about their exposure to workplace bullying (WPB) by different perpetrators. The questionnaire addressed demographic characteristics and perceptions of workplace characteristics (workplace type, leading indicators of occupational health and safety (OHS), prioritisation of OHS, supervisor support for safety and bureaucracy). Analysis involved descriptive statistics and regression analyses.

Findings
The study found that the exposure of nurses and health workers to bullying is relatively high (with 42 per cent of respondents experiencing WPB in the past 12 months) and there are multiple perpetrators of bullying. The research revealed several demographic predictors associated with the different types of perpetrators. Downward and horizontal bullying were the most prevalent forms. Workplace characteristics were more important predictors of bullying by different perpetrators than were demographic characteristics.

Research limitations/implications
There are limitations to the study due to a low response rate and the cross-sectional survey.

Practical implications
Practical implications of this study emphasise the importance of focussed human resource strategies to prevent bullying.

Originality/value
The key contribution of this research is to draw from theoretical explanations of power to inform understanding of the differences between perpetrators of bullying. The study highlights the workplace characteristics that influence bullying.
Supports and barriers to new faculty researcher development
Authors: Gonzalez Laura M. , Wester Kelly L. , Borders L. DiAnne 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Depending on their institutional context, for new faculty members to successfully manage their transition from doctoral studies to early career, they must show potential as researchers. The purpose of this study was to learn about supports and barriers to researcher development in new faculty members.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigators solicited open-ended responses from early career faculty members (N = 49) in an online survey. Content analysis was used to provide an initial categorization of supports and barriers identified by the participants.

Findings
Ten barrier categories (e.g. lack of resources, previous training, lack of mentoring, workload) and eight support categories (e.g. effective research collaborations, supportive university environment, funding) were identified.

Research limitations/implications
Findings were framed with a social cognitive conceptual model, which parallels previous studies in doctoral research training environments and research productivity and builds on our knowledge of early career faculty development. The study was limited in terms of number of participants and online response format.

Practical implications
Practical implications to minimize barriers and enhance supports for new faculty researcher development were identified (also drawing from the conceptual model, SCCT).

Originality/value
Thus, the study has value for university policymakers, administrators, faculty peers, research mentors and assistant professors or doctoral students seeking to develop as researchers.
Economic emission dispatch using an advanced particle swarm optimization technique
Authors: Rezaie Hamid , Abedi Mehrdad , Rastegar Saeed , Rastegar Hassan 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This study aims to present a novel optimization technique to solve the combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) problem considering transmission losses, valve-point loading effects, ramp rate limits and prohibited operating zones. This is one of the most complex optimization problems concerning power systems.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed algorithm has been called advanced particle swarm optimization (APSO) and was created by applying several innovative modifications to the classic PSO algorithm. APSO performance was tested on four test systems having 14, 40, 54 and 120 generators.

Findings
The suggested modifications have improved the accuracy, convergence rate, robustness and effectiveness of the algorithm, which has produced high-quality solutions for the CEED problem.

Originality/value
The results obtained by APSO were compared with those of several other techniques, and the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm was demonstrated. Also, because of its superlative characteristics, APSO can be applied to many other engineering optimization problems. Moreover, the suggested modifications can be easily used in other population-based optimization algorithms to improve their performance.
The emergence of the multi‐species NIP1 effector in Rhynchosporium was accompanied by high rates of gene duplications and losses
Authors: Mohd‐Assaad Norfarhan , McDonald Bruce A. , Croll Daniel 
Published: March 2019

SummaryPlant pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate the host and facilitate infection. Cognate hosts trigger strong defence responses upon detection of these effectors. Consequently, pathogens and hosts undergo rapid coevolutionary arms races driven by adaptive evolution of effectors and receptors. Because of their high rate of turnover, most effectors are thought to be species‐specific and the evolutionary trajectories are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the necrosis‐inducing protein 1 (NIP1) effector in the multihost pathogen genus Rhynchosporium. We retraced the evolutionary history of the NIP1 locus using whole‐genome assemblies of 146 strains covering four closely related species. NIP1 orthologues were present in all species but the locus consistently segregated presence–absence polymorphisms suggesting long‐term balancing selection. We also identified previously unknown paralogues of NIP1 that were shared among multiple species and showed substantial copy‐number variation within R. commune. The NIP1A paralogue was under significant positive selection suggesting that NIP1A is the dominant effector variant coevolving with host immune receptors. Consistent with this prediction, we found that copy number variation at NIP1A had a stronger effect on virulence than NIP1B. Our analyses unravelled the origins and diversification mechanisms of a pathogen effector family shedding light on how pathogens gain adaptive genetic variation.
Objects without Texts: Mimbres Painted Bowls and the Problematics of Interpretation
Authors: Finegold Andrew 
Published: March 2019

The painted bowls of the Mimbres culture (c. 1000–1130 CE) provide a uniquely expansive iconographic record for the American Southwest. In the absence of a closely associated textual record, their imagery has often been interpreted through accounts originating from geographically or temporally removed cultures, an approach that merits critique. Although an iconological understanding of the images might not be possible, a phenomenological account has the potential to illuminate other important aspects of these bowls. In this regard, this essay argues that, in addition to the unrecoverable primary referents of the images, some Mimbres painted bowls self‐referentially draw attention to the material, structural, and contextual conditions of their own apprehension.
Documenting diagnosis: testing, labelling, and the production of medical records in an autism clinic
Authors: Turowetz Jason , Maynard Douglas W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAll diagnosis depends on communication between doctors and patients. This is especially so with behavioural disorders such as autism, where structured interactions involving clinicians and children (e.g. standardised tests) play a key role in diagnosing the condition. Although such interactions are collaborative, we find that when reporting test results, clinicians, following administrative protocols, routinely gloss over the embodied interactions constitutive of testing, such that autism is predicated as an inherent feature of the child. In ethnomethodological terms, this is related to the way that “accounts” (Garfinkel 1967), including diagnoses, are reflexively related to the taken‐for‐granted practices that make them objectively reportable in prevailing professional terms. These practices include how the clinicians themselves interact with children they examine, with other professionals, and with the instruments used to test a child. Examining video footage of a multi‐stage autism evaluation, along with the medical report rendering the child's diagnosis, we show how reporting practices, while addressing the administrative features of standardised testing and diagnosis, can also be examined for their grounding in an environment of tacit matters usually unavailable for inspection. We conclude by asking whether, and how, oral and written reports might re‐situate children in the concreteness of their social environments.
Security interventions are frequently undocumented in emergency department clinical notes
Authors: Duncan Jill , Brown Nathan J , Hughes James A , Trudgett Scott , Crilly Julia , Rothwell Sean , Rosengren David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the documentation of security interventions in ED presentations between clinical notes and security records.MethodsPresentations (n = 680) were randomly selected from all ED presentations to a public tertiary referral hospital in Queensland, Australia between April 2016 and August 2017 that were perceived by the treating clinician as alcohol‐related. Retrospective data, manually extracted from clinical notes and the security service database, were compared for the documentation of any security interventions. Security interventions were defined as observation without physical contact, verbal de‐escalation or physical restraint by security officers.ResultsForty‐one presentations had security interventions documented in the security services database and, of those, 20 (48.8%) had documentation in the clinical notes. Patients who required security interventions were admitted to hospital in higher proportions compared with those who did not (73.2% vs 26.8%, respectively, P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe rate of documentation of security interventions in clinical notes was less than 50%. Documentation of critical information, including alerts and risks, in the clinical notes is an essential component of communication that the multi‐disciplinary team use to ensure patient safety. Strategies aimed at improving the documentation of security interventions in clinical notes will help to optimise risk management and the safety of patients, staff and visitors along the continuum of care.
Gastrointestinal manifestations on impaired quality of life in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Yang Hong , Xu Dong , Li Meng Tao , Yao Yao , Jin Meng , Zeng Xiao Feng , Qian Jia Ming 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of gastrointestinal manifestations on quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to provide clinical evidence for their early treatment and health‐related management.MethodsAltogether 65 patients admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital selected from a disease cohort and 127 matched controls were enrolled. A self‐assessment questionnaire was completed by all participants. Each participant completed scleroderma gastrointestinal tract 1.0 (SSC‐GIT 1.0) questionnaire (including reflux or indigestion, diarrhea, constipation, distention, emotional well‐being, and social functioning). Autoimmune antibodies were tested in SSc patients.ResultsAmong these SSc cases, gastrointestinal manifestations were seen in 84.6%. Reflux/indigestion and diarrhea were more common in SSc patients than in the control group (67.7% vs 27.8%; 27.7% vs 10.2%, P < 0.05). SSc patients had a significantly higher percentage of abnormal social functioning than the control group (33.8% vs 3.9%, P < 0.05). SSc patients with abnormal social functioning and abnormal emotional well‐being had worse distention, diarrhea, and constipation statuses. Patients with reflux or indigestion and diarrhea had lower anti‐Scl‐70 level than those without (both P < 0.05). Patients with distention had higher levels of anti‐RNP and anti‐SSA than those without distention (both P < 0.05). Patients with diarrhea had higher levels of anti‐RNP than those without diarrhea (P = 0.014).ConclusionsGastrointestinal involvement is frequent in SSc, with reflux or indigestion as the most common symptom. The impaired quality of life in patients with SSc indicates that early and active management should be considered.
Lime and ammonium carbonate fumigation coupled with bio‐organic fertilizer application steered banana rhizosphere to assemble a unique microbiome against Panama disease
Authors: Shen Zongzhuan , Wang Beibei , Zhu Jiaxin , Hu Hangwei , Tao Chengyuan , Ou Yannan , Deng Xuhui , Ling Ning , Li Rong , Shen Qirong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMicrobiome plays a key role in determining soil suppressiveness against invading pathogens. Our previous study revealed that microbial community of bulk soil could be manipulated by lime and ammonium bicarbonate fumigation followed by biofertilizer application. However, the assembly of microbial community suppressive to banana Panama disease in the rhizosphere is still unclear. In this study, we used high‐throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR to explore the assembly of rhizosphere microbiome associated with banana Panama disease suppression in a two‐seasonal pot experiment. We found biofertilizer applied to lime and ammonium bicarbonate fumigated soil significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the abundance of rhizosphere Fusarium oxysporum compared to biofertilizer applied to non‐fumigated soil. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that biofertilizer applied to lime and ammonium bicarbonate fumigated soil re‐shaped the rhizosphere bacterial community composition by increasing the phylogenetic relatedness, and stimulating indigenous microbes, for example, Gemmatimonas, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Lysobacter and Bacillus. Co‐occurrence analysis revealed that potential species involved in disease suppression were more interrelated in disease‐suppressive soils. Taken together, lime and ammonium bicarbonate fumigation followed by biofertilizer application could induce banana rhizosphere to assemble beneficial microbes dominated consortia to suppress banana Panama disease.
Bacterial cellulose: a versatile biopolymer for wound dressing applications
Authors: Portela Raquel , Leal Catarina R. , Almeida Pedro L. , Sobral Rita G. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAlthough several therapeutic approaches are available for wound and burn treatment and much progress has been made in this area, room for improvement still exists, driven by the urgent need of better strategies to accelerate wound healing and recovery, mostly for cases of severe burned patients. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer produced by bacteria with several advantages over vegetal cellulose, such as purity, high porosity, permeability to liquid and gases, elevated water uptake capacity and mechanical robustness. Besides its biocompatibility, BC can be modified in order to acquire antibacterial response and possible local drug delivery features. Due to its intrinsic versatility, BC is the perfect example of a biotechnological response to a clinical problem. In this review, we assess the BC main features and emphasis is given to a specific biomedical application: wound dressings. The production process and the physical–chemical properties that entitle this material to be used as wound dressing namely for burn healing are highlighted. An overview of the most common BC composites and their enhanced properties, in particular physical and biological, is provided, including the different production processes. A particular focus is given to the biochemistry and genetic manipulation of BC. A summary of the current marketed BC‐based wound dressing products is presented, and finally, future perspectives for the usage of BC as wound dressing are foreseen.
Geospatial Method to Map Potential Risk of Stormwater Thermal Pollution
Authors: Martin Clinton J. , Hodges Clayton , Dymond Randel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermal pollution is a growing concern as communities strive to protect and improve the nation's waters. The purpose of this study was to develop and analyze a geospatial model that predicts the relative risk of contribution of thermal energy to surface runoff throughout an urban watershed. A geospatial‐based solution could serve as a screening method or planning element, prior to or instead of the development of a more complex simulation of mass‐load transport of thermal energy. The study's theoretical methodology integrated the thermal potential of land cover and thermal decay due to overland travel to inlets. The resulting thermal pollution potential (TPP) index value was then assigned to individual model grid cells for comparison. Analysis of results from application to a case study watershed in Blacksburg, Virginia, indicated the computational methodology is not very sensitive to changes in spatial resolution. The thermal decay constant used in the analysis was varied, and results indicated a low sensitivity to selection of this parameter. A comparison between methods of watershed delineation also indicated use of infrastructure‐corrected watershed delineation yields better results than derivation from automated techniques. The geospatial method presented may be used to reproduce a TPP risk map to prioritize thermal pollution mitigation efforts.
Cardiolipin remodeling by ALCAT1 links mitochondrial dysfunction to Parkinson’s diseases
Authors: Song Chengjie , Zhang Jun , Qi Shasha , Liu Zhen , Zhang Xiaoyang , Zheng Yue , Andersen John‐Paul , Zhang Weiping , Strong Randy , Martinez Paul Anthony , Musi Nicolas , Nie Jia , Shi Yuguang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial signature phospholipid that is required for membrane structure, respiration, dynamics, and mitophagy. Oxidative damage of CL by reactive oxygen species is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying cause remains elusive. This work investigated the role of ALCAT1, an acyltransferase that catalyzes pathological remodeling of CL in various aging‐related diseases, in a mouse model of PD induced by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,4,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We show that MPTP treatment caused oxidative stress, mtDNA mutations, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the midbrain. In contrast, ablation of the ALCAT1 gene or pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 prevented MPTP‐induced neurotoxicity, apoptosis, and motor deficits. ALCAT1 deficiency also mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction by modulating DRP1 translocation to the mitochondria. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 significantly improved mitophagy by promoting the recruitment of Parkin to dysfunctional mitochondria. Finally, ALCAT1 expression was upregulated by MPTP and by α‐synucleinopathy, a key hallmark of PD, whereas ALCAT1 deficiency prevented α‐synuclein oligomerization and S‐129 phosphorylation, implicating a key role of ALCAT1 in the etiology of mouse models of PD. Together, these findings identify ALCAT1 as a novel drug target for the treatment of PD.
BRCA mutation testing for ovarian cancer in the context of available targeted therapy: Survey and consensus of Hong Kong specialists
Authors: Kwong Ava , Cheng Ka‐Leung Danny , Hsue Chan‐Chee Victor , Hui Sze‐Ki , Leung Ching‐Yu Roland , Leung Kwong‐Chuen Angus , Ngan Kai‐Cheong Roger , Soong Sung Inda 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsBRCA mutation (BRCAmut) testing is an important tool for the risk assessment, prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC), and more recently, for determining patient susceptibility to targeted therapy. This study assessed the current BRCAmut testing patterns and explored physicians’ perspectives on the utilities and optimal sequencing of the testing, in order to facilitate and standardize testing practices.MethodsMedical specialists in BC and OC in Hong Kong were invited to complete a questionnaire on BRCAmut testing practices. A panel of specialists with extensive BRCAmut testing experience was also convened to develop consensus statements on testing, using the Delphi method and an anonymous electronic voting system.ResultsThe survey respondents (n = 71) recognized family history (FH) of BC and/or OC and an early age of onset as key factors for referring BRCAmut testing. The proportion of respondents who would test all OCs regardless of FH or age, as per the recent international guideline, was low (28.2%). The largest hurdles to testing were the cost, as well as the availability of next‐generation sequencing‐accredited testing and genetic counseling facilities. The panelists suggested that the sequence of somatic testing followed by germline testing may help address both the imminent need of treatment planning and longer term hereditary implications. The potential emotional and financial burdens of BRCAmut testing should be weighed against the potential therapeutic benefits, and the type and timing of testing personalized.ConclusionsAccessibility of BRCAmut testing to all at‐risk individuals will be achievable through improvements in testing affordability, as well as widened availability of accredited testing and genetic counseling facilities.