bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive expectancies mediate the association between sensation seeking and marijuana outcomes in at‐risk young adults: A test of the acquired preparedness model
Authors: Curry Inga , Trim Ryan S. , Brown Sandra A. , Hopfer Christian J. , Stallings Michael C. , Wall Tamara L. 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesThe acquired preparedness model (APM) integrates personality trait research and psychosocial learning, which are theorized to ultimately increase risk for problematic substance use outcomes.MethodsThe present study uses the APM to examine the potential mediational role of positive and negative expectancies on the relationship between impulsivity and two marijuana outcomes (ie, frequency of use and marijuana use disorder [MUD] symptom count) among an at‐risk sample of young adults with history of antisocial behavior and substance use in adolescence and their siblings (n = 312).ResultsResults suggest a significant indirect effect of sensation seeking on recent marijuana use through positive marijuana expectancies. There also was a significant indirect effect of sensation seeking on past‐year MUD symptoms through positive expectancies. No significant indirect effects through negative expectancies were found for either outcome.Discussion and ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the APM and suggest that higher sensation seeking is related to increased positive beliefs about marijuana outcomes, which is related to higher marijuana use and more MUD symptoms.Scientific SignificanceThese findings suggest that positive expectancies are an important risk factor for marijuana use and misuse, particularly for at‐risk individuals with elevated rates of sensation seeking. Positive marijuana expectancies may be important to address in interventions for at‐risk individuals. (Am J Addict 2018;27:419–424)
Longitudinal validation and comparison of the Chinese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life‐Chemotherapy‐Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐CIPN20) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer‐Gynecologic Oncology Group‐Neurotoxicity subscale (FACT/GOG‐Ntx)
Authors: Cheng Hui Lin , Molassiotis Alex 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo validate and compare the Chinese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life‐Chemotherapy‐Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐CIPN20) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer‐Gynecologic Oncology Group‐Neurotoxicity subscale (FACT/GOG‐Ntx) for measuring chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in cancer patients.MethodsPatients were assessed with the EORTC QLQ‐CIPN20, FACT/GOG‐Ntx, National Cancer Institute‐Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI‐CTCAE) and World Health Organization criterion of CIPN (WHO‐CIPN) from baseline up to 10 assessment points. Internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and responsiveness of the EORTC QLQ‐CIPN20 and FACT/GOG‐Ntx were evaluated, respectively. Correlation and regression analysis were used to examine the relationships between these two scales.ResultsInternal reliability coefficients for both scales were above 0.80 across all assessment points. Moderate correlations of the two scales were found with WHO‐CIPN (rs = 0.40–0.44; rs = –0.42 to –0.46, all P < 0.05) and NCI‐CTCAE (rs = 0.46–0.57; rs = –0.44 to –0.55, all P < 0.01) at most assessment points. Older patients reported significantly more CIPN symptoms than younger counterparts did (P < 0.05). The hypothesized factor structures of both scales were not confirmed (χ2/df = 3.70–7.01; χ2/df = 2.14–10.43, all P < 0.001). Both scales demonstrated responsiveness with small‐to‐moderate effect size (r = 0.09–0.46, r = 0.11–0.35). The two scales were highly correlated and were predicted by all domains of each other at specific assessment points (R2 = 0.62–0.87; R2 = 0.76–0.85; respectively, all P < 0.001).ConclusionThe Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ‐CIPN20 and FACT/GOG‐Ntx demonstrated acceptable reliability, validity and responsiveness and was found comparable in measuring CIPN among Chinese cancer patients at specific assessment points.
Putting Politics First: The Impact of Politics on American Religious and Secular Orientations
Authors: Campbell David E. , Layman Geoffrey C. , Green John C. , Sumaktoyo Nathanael G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNearly all research on the political impact of Americans’ religious and secular orientations assumes that such orientations are exogenous to politics. Using multiwave panel and experimental data, we find that religious and secular orientations are endogenous to political orientations. In other words, religion and secularism are a consequence as well as a cause of politics. In showing this, we make three major contributions. First, we conceptualize and measure secular orientations in a new way—not just as the absence of religion, but also as an affirmative secular identity and positive commitment to secular principles. Second, our panel and experimental data allow for the most definitive test to date of whether political orientations exert a causal effect on religious and secular orientations. Third, we isolate the conditions under which politics affects religious–secular perspectives, thus identifying the mechanism that underlies political orientations.
The single nucleotide polymorphism rs700518 is an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia (MetS‐BPH)
Authors: Chen Z.P. , Yan Y. , Chen C.J. , Li M. , Chen C. , Zhao S.C. , Song T. , Liu T. , Zou C.H. , Xu Q. , Li X. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryStudies have shown that 48.59% of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is combined with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mainstream view supports the correlation between MetS and BPH, but the pathogenesis of MetS‐BPH is not fully understood. Four hundred and seventy‐four men, aged 47 years or older, were recruited into this study by consecutive routine physical examination programs, and several parameters were obtained from each participant. Based on the diagnosis of BPH, MetS, and MetS‐BPH, the participants were divided into BPH and Non‐BPH groups, MetS and Non‐MetS groups, as well as MetS‐BPH and Non‐MetS‐BPH groups. The values of the obtained parameters were evaluated using Student's t‐test, chi‐square test, and logistic regression analysis. The value of estradiol (E2) was higher in the diseased groups (BPH, MetS, and MetS‐BPH groups) compared with the corresponding control groups (Non‐BPH, Non‐MetS, and Non‐MetS‐BPH groups), and the differences were statistically significant. Also, E2 had an independent association with BPH (OR = 2.286, 95% CI: 1.723–3.593, p < 0.001), MetS (OR = 1.406, 95% CI: 0.585–2.315, p < 0.001), and MetS‐BPH (OR = 1.249, 95% CI: 0.795–1.962, p < 0.001). Regarding SNPs of CYP19A1 gene, both the rs4646 genotypes (CC, CA, and AA) and the rs700518 genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) were present in every group, and all genotypes had statistically significant differences between the diseased and corresponding control groups. However, only the TT genotype of rs700518 was independently associated with BPH, MetS, and MetS‐BPH after adjusting for age. The TT genotype of rs700518 is an independent risk factor for the MetS‐BPH populations, and the CYP19A1 gene regulation of estrogen leads to MetS‐BPH.
The association of maternal country of birth and education with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A population‐based study of 960 516 deliveries in Norway
Authors: Sole Kristina Baker , Staff Anne Cathrine , Laine Katariina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies estimating the association of maternal country of birth and education with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have shown conflicting results. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of HDP and estimate the association of maternal country of birth and education level with preeclampsia/eclampsia and gestational hypertension in Norway.Material and methodsWe performed a population‐based observational cohort study linking two population datasets: The Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway (SSB). Singleton deliveries in Norway between 1999 and 2014 (907 048 deliveries) were stratified by parity. Multiple regression analysis was performed.ResultsIn 20% of the deliveries the woman was born outside of Norway. Foreign‐born women had lower risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia and gestational hypertension compared with Norwegian‐born women. High education reduced the risk for preeclampsia/eclampsia by 34% (adjusted odds ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.62‐0.69), compared with women with secondary education among nulliparous women, and by 39% (adjusted odds ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.57‐0.65) among parous women. Poorly educated women had no increased risk of HDP compared with women with secondary education. Among highly educated nulliparous women the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia was lower but the risk of gestational hypertension higher compared with women of similar parity with secondary education. Adjustment for confounding variables had minimal effect on these estimates.ConclusionsMaternal country of birth and education were associated with HDP. Women with higher education had the lowest risk of HDP, and Norwegian‐born women had the highest risk of HDP, regardless of parity and other confounding factors.
Breastfeeding problems should be the only relevant criteria for deciding whether to carry out a frenotomy in infancy
Authors: Hentschel Roland 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPerforming a frenotomy on tongue‐tied infants is controversial, particularly with regard to breastfeeding issues. This paper reviews the literature to bring together clinical experiences and scientific evidence in this field. I found that some tongue‐tied babies may exhibit breastfeeding problems, while others may feed perfectly. The literature suggests that medical breastfeeding‐related problems should be the only relevant criteria to guide the decision‐making for a frenotomy in infancy. The advantages and disadvantages of either a wait and see position or surgical approach are addressed. Conclusion: The cornerstones for best practice are the meticulous examination, correct diagnosis and classification of tongue‐tied infants.
Benefactor facilitation and beneficiary feedback effects drive shrub‐dominated community succession in a semi‐arid dune ecosystem
Authors: Bai Yuxuan , She Weiwei , Michalet Richard , Zheng Jing , Qin Shugao , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuestions(a) How do the facilitative effects of benefactors on understorey species change along a successional gradient; (b) what are the feedback effects of the beneficiary species on the benefactor; and (c) how do these bidirectional interactions drive community dynamics of a shrub‐dominated ecosystem.LocationA sand‐fixing community, Mu Us Desert, China.MethodsWe quantified the effects of the shrub Artemisia ordosica on understorey herb abundance, biomass and richness using an observational procedure at four positions along a successional gradient, i.e., semi‐fixed dunes (D1 stage), fixed dunes (D2 stage), fixed dunes covered with biological crusts (D3 stage) and fixed dunes with herbs (D4 stage). The relative interaction index (RII) was used to calculate the effect of the shrub on the herbs. Additionally, we conducted a removal experiment at the latest successional stage to assess the beneficiary feedback effects on the growth of the shrub's vegetative and reproductive twigs.ResultsThe response of herbs to the effect of the benefactor shrub showed a humped‐back curve for abundance and biomass along the successional gradient, supporting the collapse of the interaction model, but a linear curve for richness, thus supporting the stress‐gradient hypothesis. This difference could likely be explained by a turnover of life‐history groups of understorey species from annuals to perennials along the successional gradient, with the growth of the latter group being more susceptible to shrub facilitation than the former. The herbs had a negative feedback effect on the growth of the shrub's reproductive twigs.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the relationship between the shrub A. ordosica and the associated herbs was antagonistic, and the absence of shrub seedling recruitment at the end of succession suggests that this antagonistic relationship was a crucial driver of a successional shift from a shrub‐dominated to a herb‐dominated community.
Evaluation of accuracy of IHI Trigger Tool in identifying adverse drug events: a prospective observational study
Authors: Silva Maria das Dores Graciano , Martins Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras , Viana Luciana de Gouvêa , Passaglia Luiz Guilherme , de Menezes Renata Rezende , Oliveira João Antonio de Queiroz , da Silva Jose Luiz Padilha , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho 
Published: June 2018

AimsAdverse drug events (ADEs) can seriously compromise the safety and quality of care provided to hospitalized patients, requiring the adoption of accurate methods to monitor them. We sought to prospectively evaluate the accuracy of the triggers proposed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) for identifying ADEs.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in a public university hospital in 2015 with patients over the age of 18. Triggers proposed by IHI and clinical alterations suspected to be ADEs were searched daily. The number of days in which the patient was hospitalized was considered as unit of measure to evaluate the accuracy of each trigger.ResultsA total of 300 patients were included in this study. Mean age was 56.3 years (standard deviation (SD) 16.0), and 154 (51.3%) were female. The frequency of patients with ADEs was 24.7% and with at least one trigger was 53.3%. From those patients who had at least one trigger, the most frequent triggers were antiemetics (57.5%) and ‘abrupt medication stop’ (31.8%). The sensitivity of triggers ranged from 0.3 to 11.8% and the positive predictive value ranged from 1.2 to 27.3%. Specificity and negative predictive value were greater than 86%. Most patients identified by the presence of triggers did not have ADEs (64.4%). No triggers were identified in 40 (38.5%) ADEs.ConclusionsIHI Trigger Tool did not show good accuracy in detecting ADEs in this prospective study. The adoption of combined strategies could enhance effectiveness in identifying patient safety flaws. Further discussion might contribute to improve trigger usefulness in clinical practice.
A scoping review to explore how universal design for learning is described and implemented by rehabilitation health professionals in school settings
Authors: Kennedy J. , Missiuna C. , Pollock N. , Wu S. , Yost J. , Campbell W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundUniversal design for learning (UDL) is a framework that provides guidelines to support children with diverse needs in the classroom and promotes inclusion of all children. Although UDL is recognized as a promising approach for school‐based rehabilitation health professionals (RHPs), there are no studies that synthesize evidence on the use of UDL by RHPs in the school setting. Therefore, the research question for this study is: How is UDL described and implemented in school settings by RHPs? This study specifically examined literature from occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and speech‐language pathology.MethodsA scoping review was completed to (a) summarize how UDL is described in the rehabilitation literature, (b) summarize the recommended and reported role of RHPs in the delivery of UDL, and (c) identify gaps in the evidence base. CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, and ERIC electronic databases were searched. Numerical summaries and theoretical thematic analysis were used to describe the data both quantitatively and qualitatively.ResultsInclusion criteria were achieved for 45 of the 3,998 screened documents. Most of the included documents lacked a definition of UDL. Analysis suggested that speech‐language pathologists and occupational therapists implement UDL in a variety of ways within the school setting. No physiotherapy literature was found, and limited high‐level empirical research has been conducted within rehabilitation.ConclusionThis scoping review provides a broad understanding of how RHPs describe and implement UDL‐aligned services in school settings. UDL is a promising framework that provides RHPs with guidance on how to support children with diverse needs in the classroom, with the overall aim to promote inclusion of all children. There is a need for further research to determine the effectiveness of UDL as implemented by RHPs and to examine the role of physiotherapists in using UDL‐type services.
The physical environment in family childcare homes and children's physical activity
Authors: Neshteruk C. D. , Mazzucca S. , Østbye T. , Ward D. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundFamily childcare homes (FCCHs) are the second largest provider of childcare in the United States, yet little is known about how this setting influences children's physical activity, particularly related to the physical environment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine what aspects of the FCCH physical environment facilitate or hinder children's physical activity.MethodsData were collected from 166 FCCH providers and 496 preschool‐aged children in 2013–2014 as part of the Keys to Healthy FCCHs study. Children's moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured using Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers. Wear data from the childcare day were isolated, and cut‐points were applied in order to calculate children's minutes of MVPA per hour. FCCH‐level estimates of child MVPA per hour were calculated. Indoor and outdoor physical environment characteristics were assessed during a 2‐day observation using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation modified for FCCHs. General linear models were used to examine the relationship between indoor, portable play equipment, and outdoor FCCH physical environment characteristics and children's MVPA per hour.ResultsOnly indoor play space was significantly associated with children's MVPA (β = 0.33; p = .034), indicating that when provided with more indoor space for active play, children were more physically active. No significant associations were noted between portable play equipment or the outdoor environment and children's MVPA.ConclusionsIndoor space was the only physical environment characteristic associated with children's MVPA, suggesting that teaching FCCH providers how to best utilize their indoor play space for active play may be a way to promote children's physical activity. Futures studies should explore the impact of other environmental characteristics of the FCCH (e.g., provider practices and policies) on children's physical activity.
Local human activities limit marine protection efficacy on Caribbean coral reefs
Authors: Suchley Adam , Alvarez‐Filip Lorenzo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMarine ecosystems globally have suffered habitat, biodiversity and function loss in response to human activity. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can limit extractive activities and enhance ecosystem resilience, but do not directly address external stressors. We surveyed 48 sites within seven MPAs and nearby unprotected areas to evaluate drivers of coral reef condition in the Mexican Caribbean. We found that local human activity limits protection effectiveness. Coral cover was positively related to protection characteristics, but was significantly lower at sites with elevated local human activity. Furthermore, we predict ongoing coastal development will reduce coral cover despite expanded protection within a regionwide MPA if an effective integrated coastal zone management strategy is not implemented. Policy makers must acknowledge the detrimental impact of uncontrolled coastal development and apply stringent construction and wastewater regulations in addition to marine protection.
Assessment of cellular adequacy of fine needle aspiration biopsy for small solid renal tumors
Authors: Wen J. , Li G. , Berremila S. A. , Klein J‐P. , Péoc'h M. , Cottier M. , Mottet N. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate the performance of fine needle aspiration (FNA) as a method for obtaining cellular material for the tissue diagnosis of small solid renal tumours.MethodsFifty‐five patients with a small solid renal tumour (4 cm or smaller) underwent a FNA biopsy under computed tomography guidance. Direct smears and rinse of needle with Cytolyt® were prepared. The cellular adequacy was divided into three groups: satisfactory cellular material, scant cellular material and noncellular material.ResultsPostoperative pathological diagnosis showed 35 clear cell carcinomas, 10 papillary carcinomas, four chromophobe carcinomas, four oncocytomas, one adenoma and one metastatic carcinoma. A total of 21 (38.2%) FNA biopsies belonged to noncellular group. For clear cell carcinomas, the cellularity of satisfactory cellular group, scant cellular group and noncellular group was, respectively, seven (20.0%), nine (25.7%) and 19 (54.3%). Of the 10 papillary carcinomas, nine (90%) and all four chromophobe carcinomas (100%) had satisfactory cellular materials. The percentages of noncellular group among clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and chromophobe carcinoma were significantly different (P = 0.0020). Fifteen tumours were 2 cm or smaller and 40 tumours were larger than 2 cm. No significant difference was found in the percentage of noncellular material for the tumours 2 cm or less (40.0%) and for the tumours larger than 2 cm (37.5%; P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe cellularity of FNA biopsy of small solid renal masses might correlate with the subtype of renal cancers. FNA biopsy was an effective method of tissue sampling for papillary and chromophobe renal carcinomas.
Cytology and direct human papillomavirus testing on fine needle aspirates from cervical lymph node metastases of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma or occult primary
Authors: Rollo F. , Dona’ M. G. , Pellini R. , Pichi B. , Marandino F. , Covello R. , Benevolo M. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveCervical lymph node fine needle aspirates (FNAs) may represent the only specimens available for an initial characterisation of patients with lymphadenopathy. Morphology and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA presence were evaluated in FNAs collected from patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) or cancer of unknown primary (CUP). FNA HPV results were compared with those of the respective formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) primary cancer.MethodsLiquid‐based cytology was performed on FNAs collected in PreservCyt. HPV‐DNA was analysed by the INNO‐LiPA HPV genotyping Extra II on both cytological and FFPE samples. The CINtec® Histology Kit was used to assess p16 expression in cancer tissues.ResultsForty‐seven FNAs were collected from OPSCC and 16 from CUP patients. Cancer cells were found in 35/47 cases (74.5%), while 11 (23.4%) showed only necrosis and one (2.1%) was negative for malignancy. HPV‐DNA was detected in 30/47 FNAs (63.8%), mostly harbouring HPV16 (90.0%). An excellent agreement was observed between the FNA and corresponding FFPE HPV status (raw agreement: 97.5%; Cohen κ: 0.94). The HPV test result on the necrotic FNAs completely matched that of the respective primary cancer. FNA HPV testing correctly identified 26/27 HPV‐driven OPSCCs (96.3%). HPV was detected in nine of 16 FNAs (56.2%) from CUP patients.ConclusionsHPV status of metastatic cervical lymph node FNAs reflects that of the corresponding primary OPSCCs even when cell integrity in the FNA is not preserved and only necrotic debris are present. In patients with initial CUP, HPV‐positivity on the FNA may guide the diagnostic workup and therapeutic management, since it suggests an oropharyngeal origin.