bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA-seq of macrophages of amoeboid or mesenchymal migratory phenotype due to specific structure of environment
Authors: Čermák Vladimír , Gandalovičová Aneta , Merta Ladislav , Fučíková Jitka , Špíšek Radek , Rösel Daniel , Brábek Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractM2-polarized macrophages have been shown to adapt their 3D migration mode to physical properties of surrounding extracellular matrix. They migrate in the integrin-mediated adhesion and proteolytic activity-dependent “mesenchymal” mode in stiff matrices and in the integrin and protease-independent “amoeboid” mode in low density, porous environments. To find out what impact the switching between the migration modes has on expression of both protein-coding and non-coding genes we employed RNA sequencing of total RNA depleted of ribosomal RNA isolated from macrophages migrating in either mode in 3D collagens. Differentially expressed genes from both categories have been detected and the changes in expression of selected genes were further validated with RT-qPCR. The acquired data will facilitate better understanding of how mechanical properties of tissue microenvironment reflect in macrophage immune function and how the transitions between mesenchymal and amoeboid migratory modes are regulated at the gene expression level.
Sicherheit von Biologika bei rheumatoider Arthritis: Ergebnisse aus dem deutschen RABBIT-Register
Authors: Strangfeld Anja , Albrecht Katinka 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Biologika-Register RABBIT erfasst Krankheits- und Therapieverläufe von Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA). Neben der Wirksamkeit von Biologika (bDMARDs: Originals und Biosimilars) und JAK-Inhibitor (JAKi) Therapien sind Daten zur Sicherheit, insbesondere in der Langzeittherapie, ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Analysen aus RABBIT.
Methoden In das RABBIT-Register können Patienten mit einer gesicherten RA eingeschlossen werden, die nach mindestens einem konventionell synthetischen (cs)DMARD-Versagen eine neue cs-, bDMARD oder JAKi Therapie beginnen. Über 300 rheumatologische Einrichtungen schließen deutschlandweit Patienten in das Register ein. Einmal rekrutiert, werden die Patienten bis zu 10 Jahre lang beobachtet. Zu Beginn und im Verlauf werden Therapie, klinischer Status, Krankheitsverlauf und aufgetretene unerwünschte Ereignisse dokumentiert. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden relevante Ergebnisse aus dem RABBIT Register zur Sicherheit der bDMARDs bei RA zusammengefasst.
Ergebnisse Bis zum Frühjahr 2018 wurden über 17 000 RA Patienten in das RABBIT Register eingeschlossen. Die Daten aus 17 Beobachtungsjahren zeigen, dass das Risiko für schwerwiegende Infektionen unter bDMARDs erhöht ist. Das individuelle Risiko kann mit dem RABBIT Risiko Score abgeschätzt werden. Die Mortalität ist im Vergleich zu Patienten unter csDMARDs verringert. Auch das Risiko für das Auftreten einer Sepsis oder Versterben nach schwerwiegender Infektion ist unter bDMARDs erniedrigt. Hohe Krankheitsaktivität und eine unzureichende Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Komorbiditäten erhöhen das Risiko für das Auftreten kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse. Gemeinsame Auswertungen der Daten europäischer Biologika-Register zeigen kein erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten von Melanomen oder eine Verschiebung der Subtypen der Lymphome.
Fazit Insgesamt zeigen bDMARDs bei RA ein gutes Sicherheitsprofil. Kenntnis über die individuellen Risikofaktoren des Patienten, eine engmaschige Kontrolle der Krankheitsaktivität der RA und der Begleiterkrankungen sind wesentliche Faktoren, die das Auftreten von unerwünschten Ereignissen reduzieren können.
π-Spacer-Linked Bisthienopyrroles with Tunable Optical Properties
Authors: Stefan Mihaela , Bulumulla Chandima , Gunawardhana Ruwan , Gamage Prabhath , Kularatne Ruvanthi , Biewer Michael 
Published: October 2018

Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole is an effective nonconventional semiconducting building block that could be generated in gram quantities with relatively high overall yields. Three organic semiconductors containing thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole were synthesized in good yields without requiring time-consuming column purifications. The synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated.1	Introduction2	Experimental3	Synthesis and Characterization4	Theoretical Calculations5	Optical and Electrochemical Properties6	Thermal Stability7	Fluorescence Experiments8	GIXRD Data9	Conclusions
Acquired Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Infancy
Authors: Fadilah Ala , Musson Rebecca , Mordekar Santosh R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVitamin B12 deficiency can be acquired in infants secondary to exclusive breastfeeding in deficient mothers. In this series of seven infants with acquired vitamin B12 deficiency, clinical features included developmental impairment/regression, faltering growth, feeding difficulties, somnolence, irritability, microcephaly, seizures, and abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging. All had methylmalonic aciduria, other investigation findings were low serum cobalamin and hyperhomocysteinemia. Treatment brought about improvement in growth, behavior, and development; however, development remained impaired in some. We recommend early detection by screening in infants with suggestive clinical presentations, using urine methylmalonic acid/plasma homocysteine as screening tools, maternal screening during pregnancy, and long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up.
Structural characterization of the D290V mutation site in hnRNPA2 low-complexity–domain polymers
Authors: Murray Dylan T. , Zhou Xiaoming , Kato Masato , Xiang Siheng , Tycko Robert , McKnight Steven L. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Genetic studies have shown that mutations of conserved Asp residues in three analogous heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins are causative of three neurological diseases. All three Asp residues map to domains of low complexity (LC) or intrinsic disorder. These domains form labile self-associated polymers as normal functional states, and the mutations abnormally enhance the stability of the polymers via heretofore unknown mechanisms. The present study gives evidence that the charged Asp residues are closely aligned in the polymer core and removal of electrostatic repulsion enhances polymer stability. These results may provide insight into other neurodegenerative diseases also caused by mutations in LC domains.
Enhanced dynamic nuclear polarization via swept microwave frequency combs
Authors: Ajoy A. , Nazaryan R. , Liu K. , Lv X. , Safvati B. , Wang G. , Druga E. , Reimer J. A. , Suter D. , Ramanathan C. , Meriles C. A. , Pines A. 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceDynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can lead to rapidly accelerated NMR spectroscopy and MRI imaging via significant magnetic resonance signal gains. We develop a technique of microwave frequency comb DNP that is especially suited to broad-spectrum electron radicals widely used for DNP in a variety of contexts. The frequency comb allows one to overcome the bottleneck set by slow electron sweeps, increasing the effective number of polarization transfer events and resulting in a multiplicative gain in DNP signal enhancement. We demonstrate the technique by increasing the DNP enhancement from 30 to 100 measured with respect to the thermal signal at 7T in powdered diamond with optically polarizable defect centers and discuss its applications more widely for a variety of DNP radicals.
The new struggles of precarious workers in South Africa: nascent organisational responses of community health workers
Authors: Hlatshwayo Mondli 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Based on in-depth interviews largely with women working as community health workers (CHWs) and documents, the article shines the spotlight on CHWs, who remain a blind spot in the literature on South African labour studies. Abandoned by mainstream unions and often ignored by labour scholars, the article reveals that CHW workers are crafting their own nascent organisational responses as women and as precarious workers to their conditions. New organisational responses led by women who carry most of the social and economic burden are beginning to contest their conditions of precariousness by using tools such as strikes.
The rise of oligarchy in Ethiopia: the case of wealth creation since 1991
Authors: Gebregziabher Tefera Negash , Hout Wil 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARY
This article focuses on the political economy of Ethiopia since the ruling party EPRDF came to power in 1991 and argues that the country has seen the rise of oligarchy during this period. The party claims that its development strategy has reduced poverty, but it is evident that the country’s inequality has been growing in the past decade. The briefing identifies the mechanisms of oligarchisation, most notably privatisation, land expropriation, phoney shareholding and corruption. The conclusion is that Ethiopia’s growing inequality is related to the process of oligarchy formation.
Creating Multiple Seasons Spatial Model (Maps) to Improve and Habilitate the Marshes Area in Southern Iraq
Authors: Meki Jassim Ameera , Ahamad Mohd Sanusi S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Climate factors are one of the main criterion in the study of any area especially for sustainable development goals. The year in Iraq has four seasons. The important climate factors for the marshes area in Southern Iraq are the temperature, the rainfall, the wind speed and the humidity. This research explained the composition (creating) of 24 climate maps representing the dynamic climate factors for the four seasons experienced by the marshes area in Southern Iraq that is located in three governorates, i.e. Missan, Thi-Qar and Basra. The methodology applies the spatial Interpolation Method using the GIS - IDRISI software. The climate maps of a particular area can be used for multi - purpose study either for development or for preparing a project such as ecotourism. Their capability in dynamic mapping and analysis are one of the most useful applications of GIS for sustainable environmental planning and management. The GIS spatial analytical technique applied in this study can reduce time and cost by 20 - 30 % compared to traditional methods. The created dynamic climate maps for each required climate factor are in high resolution (36m x 32m) pixel. In addition, this method of obtaining climate factors values is the ideal and one of few methods in difficult areas where there are mountains, forests…etc. or in dangerous areas which have such as predators, remnants of war…etc.
Upper-Limb Morbidity in Patients Undergoing a Rehabilitation Program After Breast Cancer Surgery: A 10-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: de Carlos-Iriarte Esperanza , Mosquera-González Margarita , Alonso-García Marcos , Andrés-Prado María José , Machota-Blas Elizabeth , Hernández-García José Manuel , Rodríguez-Caravaca Gil 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
To identify long-term predictive factors for upper-limb morbidity in patients who completed an early rehabilitation program after breast cancer surgery.

Material and Methods:
Prospective cohort study. The study population comprised 659 female patients who were consecutively enrolled in a rehabilitation program shortly after breast cancer surgery between April 1999 and June 2010. The rehabilitation program comprised clinical evaluation, written information on hygiene measures, aerobic exercise, and physical therapy. Variables assessed for affected and contralateral limb included circumferential measurement for lymphedema, passive range of motion in the shoulder, pain intensity using a visual analog scale, and sensory loss by the pin-prick method and tactile sensitivity. Predictive variables covered age, body mass index, regular physical activity, previous shoulder pathology, type of breast surgery, side of surgery, postsurgical complications, sentinel lymph node biopsy/axillary lymph node dissection, tumor size and histology, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal treatment. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to control for confounding factors.

Results:
The mean follow-up period was 72 months. A total of 306 patients (64.4%) showed upper-limb symptoms at some point during the follow-up period. Sensory loss and pain were the most relevant impairments. Predictive factors for shoulder and arm morbidity were obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-5.08), previous shoulder pathology (OR = 6.05; 95% CI, 2.89-12.63), postsurgical complications (OR = 2.16; 95% CI, 1.05-4.43), and regional lymph node radiotherapy (OR = 3.42; 95% CI, 2.07-5.63).

Conclusions:
Previous shoulder pathology, postsurgical events, obesity, and site of radiotherapy were significant risk factors for developing shoulder and arm morbidity.
Educating for Indigenous Health Equity: An International Consensus Statement
Authors: Jones Rhys , Crowshoe Lynden , Reid Papaarangi , Calam Betty , Curtis Elana , Green Michael , Huria Tania , Jacklin Kristen , Kamaka Martina , Lacey Cameron , Milroy Jill , Paul David , Pitama Suzanne , Walker Leah , Webb Gillian , Ewen Shaun 
Published: October 2018

The determinants of health inequities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations include factors amenable to medical education’s influence—for example, the competence of the medical workforce to provide effective and equitable care to Indigenous populations. Medical education institutions have an important role to play in eliminating these inequities. However, there is evidence that medical education is not adequately fulfilling this role and, in fact, may be complicit in perpetuating inequities.
This article seeks to examine the factors underpinning medical education’s role in Indigenous health inequity, to inform interventions to address these factors. The authors developed a consensus statement that synthesizes evidence from research, evaluation, and the collective experience of an international research collaboration including experts in Indigenous medical education. The statement describes foundational processes that limit Indigenous health development in medical education and articulates key principles that can be applied at multiple levels to advance Indigenous health equity.
The authors recognize colonization, racism, and privilege as fundamental determinants of Indigenous health that are also deeply embedded in Western medical education. To contribute effectively to Indigenous health development, medical education institutions must engage in decolonization processes and address racism and privilege at curricular and institutional levels. Indigenous health curricula must be formalized and comprehensive, and must be consistently reinforced in all educational environments. Institutions’ responsibilities extend to advocacy for health system and broader societal reform to reduce and eliminate health inequities. These activities must be adequately resourced and underpinned by investment in infrastructure and Indigenous leadership.
Affirmative Action and Holistic Review in Medical School Admissions: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going
Authors: Thomas Billy R. , Dockter Nancy 
Published: October 2018

Current challenges to affirmative action policies are cause for concern for medical schools that employ holistic admissions processes, which consider an applicant’s race, ethnicity, gender, status as a first-generation college student, educational and socioeconomic status, geographical location, past experiences with minority and underserved populations, social capital, and immigration status. Students from minority and underserved communities bring with them experiences and perspectives that may enhance the care they provide to underserved patients, improving patient outcomes. Student body diversity is also associated with increases in students’ academic performance, retention, community engagement, cooperation, and openness to different ideas and perspectives, and institutions that foster diversity tend to be nurturing places where all students and faculty can thrive.
The use of race as a factor in admissions has been upheld in three Supreme Court decisions. Yet, the Supreme Court likely will rule again on this issue. In the meantime, medical schools must maintain or increase support for science, technology, engineering, and math academic enrichment programs at all levels, stay informed about their institutional climate, and support a holistic admissions process that considers race and socioeconomic status. Doing so will help disadvantaged students overcome the intergenerational barriers created by race, ethnicity, and poverty and help grow a culturally competent health care workforce, which is essential to improving individual and population health and narrowing racial and ethnic health disparities.
The Incidence of Posterior Malleolar Involvement in Distal Spiral Tibia Fractures: Is it Higher than We Think?
Authors: Sobol Garret L. , Shaath M. Kareem , Reilly Mark C. , Adams Mark R. , Sirkin Michael S. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
To investigate the incidence of concomitant posterior malleolar fractures (PMFs) in operative, distal-third, spiral tibia fractures.

Design:
Prospective protocol with retrospective review of data.

Setting:
Single, Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred ninety-three consecutive, skeletally mature patients with operatively treated fractures of the distal-third, tibial shaft and metaphysis. Pilon fractures were excluded.

Intervention:
Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained in all distal-third, spiral fractures of the tibia to determine fracture morphology and presence of a PMF.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The incidence of concurrent PMFs in operative spiral fractures of the distal tibia.

Results:
Twenty-six distal-third, spiral fractures were identified with an ipsilateral PMF diagnosed in 92.3% of cases (24 cases). PMFs were over 25 times more likely to occur in distal-third, spiral fractures when compared with other distal-third fracture patterns (relative risk = 25.7, 95% confidence interval, 11.6–56.8). PMFs were treated with supplemental fixation in 23/24 (95.8%) cases.

Conclusions:
There is a high incidence of concomitant, ipsilateral fractures of the posterior malleolus in patients presenting with operative distal-third, spiral fractures of the tibia. A preoperative ankle computed tomography should be strongly considered in all cases with this specific fracture morphology.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Does the Coexistence of Multiple Segmental Rib Fractures in Polytrauma Patients Presenting With “Major” Vertebral Fracture Affect Care and Acute Outcomes?
Authors: Alvi Mohammed Ali , Kapurch Joseph R. , Ivanov David V. , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Bydon Mohamad , Freedman Brett A. 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
To determine whether operating on “major” vertebral fractures leads to premature abortion of surgery and/or other acute cardiopulmonary complications.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Clinical Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants and Intervention:
We retrospectively queried our institutional Trauma Rregistry for all cases presenting with concomitant rib fractures and surgically managed vertebral fractures.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The main outcomes included the surgical outcome (aborted vs. successfully performed), total and Intensive Care Unit length of stay (LOS), adverse discharge, mortality, and functional outcomes.

Results:
We found 57 cases with concomitant segmental rib fractures and surgically managed vertebral fractures. Seven patients (12%) received a rib fixation, of which 1 received before vertebral fixation and 6 after. Importantly, 4 vertebral fixation cases (7.02%) had to be aborted intraoperatively because of the inability to tolerate prone positioning for surgery. For case–control analysis, we performed propensity score matching to obtain matched controls, that is, cases of vertebral fixation but no rib fractures. On matched case–control analysis, patients with concomitant segmental rib fractures and vertebral fractures were found to have higher Intensive Care Unit LOS [median = 3 days (Inter-Quartile Range = 0–9) versus. 8.4 days, P = 0.003], whereas total LOS, frequency of complete, incomplete or functional spinal cord injury, discharge to rehab, and discharge to nursing home were found to be similar between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate that segmental rib fractures with concomitant vertebral fractures undergoing surgical treatment represent a subset of patients that may be at increased risk of intraoperative cardio-pulmonary complications and rib fixation before prone spine surgery for cases in which the neurological status is stable is reasonable.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Significance of Lateral Process Fractures Associated With Talar Neck and Body Fractures
Authors: Romeo Nicholas M. , Hirschfeld Adam G. , Githens Michael , Benirschke Stephen K. , Firoozabadi Reza 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
To determine whether fracture of the lateral process (LP) elevates the risk of development of radiographic subtalar arthrosis in patients with talar body and neck fractures.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Level 1 academic trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Eighty-two patients with 43 talar neck and 43 talar body fractures treated over a 5-year period.

Intervention:
Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were evaluated for fracture of the LP of the talus and subsequent development of radiographic subtalar arthritis.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Radiographic evidence of subtalar arthritis.

Results:
Seventy-six percent of talar neck fractures with involvement of the LP went on to develop radiographic evidence of subtalar arthrosis compared with 36% of talar neck fractures without LP involvement (P = 0.035). Thirty of the fractures involving the LP had a separate LP fragment. Fifteen of the 30 fractures with a separate LP fragment that underwent reduction and fixation developed radiographic evidence of subtalar arthrosis, whereas all 13 fractures with an independent LP fragment that did not have fixation of the LP went on to develop radiographic evidence of subtalar arthritis (P = 0.001). Comminution of the inferior talar articular surface was found to significantly increase the risk of radiographic subtalar arthritis in both talar body and talar neck fractures (P = 0.0003). An anatomic reduction of both talar neck and body fractures was found to be associated with a lower incidence of radiographic subtalar arthritis (P = 0.00001).

Conclusion:
Comminution of the inferior articular surface of the talus elevates the risk of subtalar arthritis in patients with both talar neck and body fractures. Fracture of the LP is a marker for injury to the talar inferior articular surface and increases the risk for the radiographic finding of subtalar arthritis in patients with talar neck fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.