bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy complications and premature cardiovascular events among 1.6 million California pregnancies
Authors: Arnaout Rima , Nah Gregory , Marcus Greg , Tseng Zian , Foster Elyse , Harris Ian S , Divanji Punag , Klein Liviu , Gonzalez Juan , Parikh Nisha 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCardiovascular complications of pregnancy present an opportunity to assess risk for subsequent cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine whether peripartum cardiomyopathy and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy subtypes predict future myocardial infarction, heart failure or stroke independent of one another and of other risks such as gestational diabetes, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction.Methods and resultsThe California Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database was used to identify all hospitalised pregnancies from 2005 to 2009, with follow-up through 2011, for a retrospective cohort study. Pregnancies, exposures, covariates and outcomes were defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Among 1.6 million pregnancies (mean age 28 years; median follow-up time to event excluding censoring 2.7 years), 558 cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy, 123 603 hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, 107 636 cases of gestational diabetes, 116 768 preterm births and 23 504 cases of intrauterine growth restriction were observed. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, peripartum cardiomyopathy was independently associated with a 39.2-fold increase in heart failure (95% CI 30.0 to 51.9), resulting in ~1 additional hospitalisation per 1000 person-years. There was a 13.0-fold increase in myocardial infarction (95% CI 4.1 to 40.9) and a 7.7-fold increase in stroke (95% CI 2.4 to 24.0). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were associated with 1.4-fold (95% CI 1.0 to 2.0) to 7.6-fold (95% CI 5.4 to 10.7) higher risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke, resulting in a maximum of ~1 additional event per 1000 person-years. Gestational diabetes, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction had more modest associations.ConclusionThese findings support close monitoring of women with cardiovascular pregnancy complications for prevention of early cardiovascular events and study of mechanisms underlying their development.
Effect of volume status on the estimation of mean systemic filling pressure
Authors: Werner-Moller Per , Sondergaard Soren , Jakob Stephan M. , Takala Jukka , Berger David 
Published: February 2019

Various methods for indirect assessment of mean systemic filling pressure (MSFP) produce controversial results compared with MSFP at zero blood flow. We recently reported that the difference between MSFP at zero flow measured by right atrial balloon occlusion (MSFPRAO) and MSFP estimated using inspiratory holds depends on the volume status. We now compare three indirect estimates of MSFP with MSFPRAO in euvolemia, bleeding, and hypervolemia in a model of anesthetized pigs ( n = 9) with intact circulation. MSFP was estimated using instantaneous beat-to-beat venous return during tidal ventilation (MSFPinst_VR), right atrial pressure-flow data pairs at flow nadir during inspiratory holds (MSFPnadir_hold), and a dynamic model analog adapted to pigs (MSFPa). MSFPRAO was underestimated by MSFPnadir_hold and MSFPa in all volume states. Volume status modified the difference between MSFPRAO and all indirect methods (method × volume state interaction, P ≤ 0.020). All methods tracked changes in MSFPRAO concordantly, with the lowest bias seen for MSFPa [bias (confidence interval): −0.4 (−0.7 to −0.0) mmHg]. We conclude that indirect estimates of MSFP are unreliable in this experimental setup. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For indirect estimations of MSFP using inspiratory hold maneuvers, instantaneous beat-to-beat venous return, or a dynamic model analog, the accuracy was affected by the underlying volume state. All methods investigated tracked changes in MSFPRAO concordantly.
Cardiac Lymphatic Dysfunction Causes Drug-Eluting Stent–Induced Coronary Hyperconstricting Responses in Pigs In Vivo
Authors: Amamizu Hirokazu , Matsumoto Yasuharu , Morosawa Susumu , Ohyama Kazuma , Uzuka Hironori , Hirano Michinori , Nishimiya Kensuke , Gokon Yusuke , Watanabe-Asaka Tomomi , Hayashi Moyuru , Miyata Satoshi , Kamei Takashi , Kawai Yoshiko , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: February 2019

Objective—
We have previously demonstrated that coronary adventitial inflammation plays important roles in the pathogenesis of coronary vasomotion abnormalities, including drug-eluting stent (DES)–induced coronary hyperconstricting responses. Importantly, the adventitia also harbors lymphatic vessels, which may prevent inflammation by transporting extravasated fluid and inflammatory cells. We thus aimed to examine the roles of coronary adventitial lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of DES-induced coronary hyperconstricting responses in a porcine model in vivo.

Approach and Results—
We performed 2 experimental studies. In protocol 1, 15 pigs were divided into 3 groups with or without DES and with bare metal stent. Nonstented sites 20 mm apart from stent implantation also were examined. In the protocol 2, 12 pigs were divided into 2 groups with or without lymphatic vessels ligation followed by DES implantation at 2 weeks later (n=6 each). We performed coronary angiography 4 weeks after DES implantation, followed by immunohistological analysis. In protocol 1, the number and the caliber of lymphatic vessels were greater at only the DES edges after 4 more weeks. In protocol 2, coronary hyperconstricting responses were further enhanced in the lymphatic vessels ligation group associated with adventitial inflammation, Rho-kinase activation, and less adventitial lymphatic vessels formation. Importantly, there were significant correlations among these inflammation-related changes and enhanced coronary vasoconstricting responses.

Conclusions—
These results provide evidence that cardiac lymphatic vessel dysfunction plays important roles in the pathogenesis of coronary vasoconstrictive responses in pigs in vivo.
A Meteotsunami Climatology along the U.S. East Coast
Authors: Dusek Gregory , DiVeglio Christopher , Licate Louis , Heilman Lorraine , Kirk Katie , Paternostro Christopher , Miller Ashley 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMeteotsunamis are atmospherically forced ocean waves with characteristics similar to seismic tsunamis. Several recent hazardous meteotsunamis resulted in damage and injuries along U.S. coastlines, such that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is investigating ways to detect and forecast meteotsunamis to provide advance warning. Better understanding meteotsunami occurrence along U.S. coastlines is a necessary step to pursue these objectives. Here a meteotsunami climatology of the U.S. East Coast is presented. The climatology relies on a wavelet analysis of 6-min water-level observations from 125 NOAA tide gauges from 1996 to 2017. A total of 548 meteotsunamis, or about per year, were identified and assessed using this approach along the U.S. East Coast. There were a total of 30 instances when gauges observed waves of more than 0.6 m, which is assumed to be a potentially impactful event, and several cases with wave heights more than 1 m. Tide gauges along the open coast observed the most frequent events, including more than five events per year at Atlantic City, New Jersey; Duck, North Carolina; and Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The largest waves were observed by gauges in estuaries that amplified the meteotsunami signal, such as those in Providence, Rhode Island, and Port Canaveral, Florida. Seasonal trends indicate that meteotsunamis occur most frequently in the winter and summer months, especially July. This work supports future meteotsunami detection and warning capabilities at NOAA, including the development of an impact catalog to aid National Weather Service forecasters.
Geometrical Properties of Hydrometeors during the Refreezing Process and Their Effects on Dual-Polarized Radar Signals
Authors: Nagumo Nobuhiro , Adachi Ahoro , Yamauchi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper describes an observational study for the geometrical properties of hydrometeors during a refreezing process initiated by a winter storm in the northern Kanto Plain, Japan, on 29 January 2016, in which a subfreezing layer developed below a melting layer. The observations by using dual-polarization radar showed consistency between high values of differential reflectivity ZDR signals in midair and ice-pellet reports at the surface. The high ZDR was indicative of the sideways-oriented particles with a small axis ratio. The low ZDR signals in midair corresponded with the reports of rain or rain/ice-pellet mixtures. Observations by using a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) near the ground showed different microphysics corresponding to high ZDR and low ZDR periods. The high ZDR periods of 2DVD observations indicated that the hydrometeors exhibited dual modes of fall velocities, namely, fast-falling and slow-falling modes. The fast-falling particles were found to be deformed ice pellets with long sideways orientations that contributed to the high ZDR. The slow-falling particles were also deformed ice pellets but with a variety of orientations. This feature was rather close to that of general dry conditions of ice particles in the atmosphere. Meanwhile, the low ZDR periods of 2DVD observations indicated that the hydrometeors exhibited a single mode of fall velocity close to the terminal velocity of raindrops, but with a more spherical shape compared to raindrops. Hence, it is suggested that the high ZDR signal occurs during freezing between the initial stage of spherical ice forming and completely freezing stage of ice pellets with a variety of orientations.
Evaluation of the efficacy of various reagents in improving microRNA extraction
Authors: Kikuchi Arizumi , Naruse Azumi , Sawamura Takahiro , Nonaka Kenichi 
Published: February 2019

Background MicroRNA has received considerable attention in the clinical context, and attempts are being made to use microRNA in clinical diagnosis. However, adequate quantities of microRNA required for analysis are challenging to isolate. We tested the effect of various reagents in improving microRNA extraction and compared their efficacy to that of a commercially available extraction kit (HighPure miRNA isolation kit, Roche). Methods We used the synthetic oligonucleotide miR-21 and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections from colon cancer samples ( n = 10). We tested increasing volumes (100–600  μL) of 1,4-dioxane, 2-butanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600, PEG 1000, PEG 1540, PEG 2000, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TDE), and tetrahydrofuran, instead of the binding enhancer solution provided in the kit. MiR-21 analysis was performed via stem-loop RT-qPCR using Universal ProbeLibrary probe (Roche). Results The optimum amount of each enhancement solution was 200–500  μL. We obtained ΔCp values of optimum additional volume for each solution from 1.04 to 2.50 and compared these with those obtained using the commercially available kit. PEG 1540 and 2000 produced superior reactivity with minimal addition. For FFPE tissue samples, addition of the enhancement solutions PEG 1540 and 2000 resulted in mean crossing point values of 18.15 ± 2.26 and 17.73 ± 3.26, respectively. We obtained a crossing point value of 20.56 ± 4.26 (mean ± SD) using the commercially available kit. Conclusions The tested enhancer reagents, which are relatively readily available and easy to use, can improve microRNA extraction efficacy of a commercially available kit.
Functional dysconnectivity within the emotion-regulating system is associated with affective symptoms in major depressive disorder: A resting-state fMRI study
Authors: He Zongling , Lu Fengmei , Sheng Wei , Han Shaoqiang , Long Zhiliang , Chen Yuyan , Luo Wei , Yu Yue , Nan Xiaoyu , Ouyang Aili , Cui Qian , Chen Huafu 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) can be characterized as a multidimensional and system-level disorder. The neuropathophysiological abnormalities have been reported to be distributed in emotion regulation system, involving the prefrontal cortex (PFC), limbic and striatum in convergent studies. Decrease of positive affect and increase of negative affect are recognized as a hallmark of MDD. However, the dysfunctions in affective processing in MDD within the emotion regulation system remains largely unclear. In this study, our goals are to characterize the dysconnectivity pattern within this system and explore the relationships between this kind of dysconnectivity pattern and affective symptoms, which might help us better look into the neuropathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD. Methods: A total of 34 MDD and 34 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). The alterations in functional connectivity (FC) within the emotion regulation system and their relationships with affective symptoms were explored. Results: Compared with HCs, MDD patients showed aberrant FC within this system. Importantly, deceased FC was mainly involved in the prefrontal–limbic system, while elevated FC was observed in the prefrontal–striatum system. In the MDD group, decreased FC of right posterior hippocampus–left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) was negatively associated with the negative affect scores and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores and the FC of left ventral striatum–left dlPFC was significantly negatively related with the positive affect scores. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that MDD showed characteristic pathological alterations of the emotion regulation system. Dysconnectivity within prefrontal–limbic system might be more related to the dysregulation of negative affect, whereas dysconnectivity within prefrontal–striatum system might influence more on positive affect processing. The decrease in positive affect and increase in negative affect in MDD might have different pathological basis. These results could help better understand the dysconnectivity pattern in the emotion-regulating system underlying depression.
The Role of Motivation as a Factor in Mental Fatigue
Authors: Herlambang Mega B. , Taatgen Niels A. , Cnossen Fokie 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess motivation as a factor in mental fatigue using subjective, performance, and physiological measures. Background: Sustained performance on a mentally demanding task can decrease over time. This decrement has two possible causes: a decline in available resources, meaning that performance cannot be sustained, and decrement in motivation, meaning a decline in willingness to sustain performance. However, so far, few experimental paradigms have effectively and continuously manipulated motivation, which is essential to understand its effect on mental fatigue. Method: Twenty participants performed a working memory task with 14 blocks, which alternated between reward and nonreward for 2.5 hr. In the reward blocks, monetary rewards could be gained for good performance. Besides reaction time and accuracy, we used physiological measures (heart rate variability, pupil diameter, eyeblink, eye movements with a video distractor) and subjective measures of fatigue and mental effort. Results: Participants reported becoming fatigued over time and invested more mental effort in the reward blocks. Even though they reported fatigue, their accuracy in the reward blocks remained constant but declined in the nonreward blocks. Furthermore, in the nonreward blocks, participants became more distractable, invested less cognitive effort, blinked more often, and made fewer saccades. These results showed an effect of motivation on mental fatigue. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that motivation is an important factor in explaining the effects of mental fatigue.
The Measurement and Interpretation of Machinery Noise with Special Reference to Oil Engines
Authors: Bradbury C. H. 
Published: February 2019

This paper attempts to deal with the problem of machinery noise from the engineer's viewpoint and particular consideration is given to oil-engine noise. After a brief consideration of basic acoustical principles, an examination is made of commercial methods of noise measurement, illustrated by examples from various types of machinery. A suggested interpretation of these examples is then considered, from both the objective and subjective viewpoint, and an attempt is made to correlate diagrams obtained by measurement and known sources of engine noise. Methods of noise reduction are examined. Brief reference is made to the acoustic hood and the possibilities of its use in residential districts. The paper is restricted to an examination of airborne noise. Vibration transmitted through the ground and its reappearance as noise away from the machinery is not considered.
The Allocation of Machines to Operators
Authors: O'Connor T. F. 
Published: February 2019

The object of the paper is to establish a method for obtaining the allocation of machines to operators which is economically best. There is no difficulty with automatic machines, it is possible with them to load the operator to 100 per cent of his capacity without loss of productivity. But with machines which suffer random interruptions to the cycle of production—termed semi-automatic machines—there are successive drops in productivity per machine for each machine added to an operator's quota. To obtain the best results the value of the product must be balanced against the cost of the operator's time. An indispensable factor in the calculation is the prediction of the machine productivity under different allocations. Hitherto this prediction has not been possible, but tables have recently been published which contain all the necessary information. The method is outlined, and a simple chart is devised for quick use. The present solution is of considerable interest to many industries, in particular, the cotton and textile industries.
Some Considerations regarding a Factory Maintenance Engineering Department
Authors: Bentham Max 
Published: February 2019

In this paper the author attempts to focus attention on the necessity for a suitable organization of the maintenance services in factories, whatever their size. His object is to promote discussion and not to put forward an ideal scheme for all plants, which would be quite impossible. A general survey is made of preventative maintenance measures and breakdown conditions to be met by the department. Consideration is given to the administrative personnel and organization of work with reference to the location of the maintenance plant in relation to the factory production machinery, and also to the layout and equipment required for the maintenance department. The author discusses the need for adequate stores for spare parts and consumable goods and, where necessary well laid-out outside storage areas with good access roads. Suggested ways of controlling workers’ time, and hence the cost, are outlined, although it is fully realized that the extent of detail for proper administration of costs, varies widely with differing products and size of factory. References are made to organization for a group of small factories, and also a system of emergency posts in large factories. Attention is finally directed to the existence of undesirable conditions sometimes encountered in maintenance departments.
The Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water
Authors: Haywood R. W. 
Published: February 2019

The paper is divided into three parts, with an appendix. In the first, the general properties of the temperature–entropy diagram for water and steam are examined. By a simple device resulting from the use of Clapeyron's equation, it is shown that it is possible to give a very complete representation of the thermodynamic properties of saturated liquids by areas on this diagram. The second part of the paper constitutes a critical review of Callendar's hypothesis that saturated water contains in solution its own volume of saturated steam, and the pictorial representation of the properties of saturated water is here found to be very useful. In an appendix to the paper the use of Callendar's hypothesis as a working proposition is shown to give elegant and rapid evaluation of the relations required in the calorimetry of saturated water under ideal experimental conditions. This section of the paper is placed in an appendix as the ability to use the hypothesis under these conditions does not constitute a proof of its validity. It is, in fact, shown in the second part of the paper that, on the latest experimental data, the hypothesis fails to give an exact prediction of the thermal properties of saturated water. The third part of the paper shows that the failure of Callendar's hypothesis to fit the experimental data can be accounted for by supposing that the quantity of dissolved steam is related to, but less than, that postulated by Callendar. This leads to an interesting picture which bears some resemblance to certain aspects of the hole theory of liquids, to which Callendar's hypothesis has been compared. Both, however, are based on hypotheses, the validity of which can be tested only by the measure of agreement between theory and experiment.
The Adiabatic Flow of Evaporating Fluids in Pipes of Uniform Bore
Authors: Linning David L. 
Published: February 2019

The paper presents a theoretical investigation of the adiabatic flow of evaporating fluids in pipes, supported by experiments with water. It is postulated, on the basis of published data, that an evaporating fluid flow will conform to one of three modes: (1) annular (2) separated, and (3) frothing. In types (1) and (2) the liquid and vapour phases flow with different velocities. Starting from assumptions usually made in the subject of fluid flow, theory is developed which enables the mean liquid and vapour velocities and also the associated critical outlet conditions to be calculated. In type (3) a network of liquid maintained by surface tension operates to prevent relative motion, and standard thermodynamic theory is applicable. In experiments with water the flow was found to be annular. By measuring the fluid momentum at the tube outlet an experimental determination of the relative velocity factor (the ratio of mean vapour velocity to mean liquid velocity) was obtained. Data given by Burnell (1947)† are also analysed. Measured values of critical outlet pressures and relative velocity factors are in good agreement with those predicted by theory. A chart is provided relating initial pressure, critical outlet pressure, and mass flow per unit area, over a range of initial pressures from 8 to 100 lb. per sq. in. abs. for water.
Filter Efficiency and Standardization of Test Dust
Authors: Heywood H. 
Published: February 2019

In this paper the basic theory for the efficiency of air cleaners and filters is developed. The intrinsic efficiency is a characteristic of the filter and conditions of operation, is independent of the size composition of the entrained dust, and is expressed by a graph of collection efficiency for individual particle sizes. Knowledge of the intrinsic efficiency of a filter enables the mass efficiency of collection to be calculated for any given size composition of dust burden. A full description is given of the characteristics of natural airborne dusts, and of research which led to the formulation of a standardized test dust for cleaners and filters for the air supply to internal-combustion engines. The test dust specification for this purpose was adopted by the Ministry of Supply, and subsequently incorporated in British Standard 1701: 1950. Notes on the method of examination of dusts are included. The object of the specification is to ensure that the test dust contains some of all particle sizes that are likely to be encountered in the practical operation of vehicles and aircraft. Furthermore, the particle size distribution in the test dust should be uniformly graded from the maximum to the minimum size.