bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic conditions as predictors of later life disability employment exit: a gendered analysis
Authors: Holman Daniel 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesIncreasing life expectancy has led governments to implement reforms aimed at delaying retirement. Chronic conditions are an important barrier to this given their association with pain, functional limitations, depression and ultimately lower life expectancy. Chronic diseases are gendered in terms of these characteristics, as well as their population prevalence. I examined the extent to which gender moderates the extent to which different chronic conditions lead to disability employment exit, the proportion of exits they account for and key mediators in this process.MethodsData from waves 1 to 8 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing were analysed. I followed employees aged 50–70 years until they experienced disability employment exit, or were censored. I analysed the influence of chronic conditions, functional limitations, pain, depressive symptoms and subjective life expectancy using discrete time survival analysis. All analyses were carried out separately by gender if a significant interaction was found. The mediation analysis was carried out using the Karlson/Holm/Breen method.ResultsNo significant gender interactions were found for the risk of chronic conditions on disability employment exit. Lung disease (OR 4.1; 95% CI 2.8 to 5.9), cancer (OR 2.9; 95% CI 2.1 to 4.0) and arthritis (OR 2.6; 95% CI 2.1 to 3.3) were the strongest determinants. Depressive symptoms (OR 3.2; 95% CI 2.5 to 4.1) were also a strong determinant, and along with arthritis, explained a greater proportion of women than men’s exits given differences in prevalence. Pain and various types of functional limitations were important mediators of exit as well as determinants in their own right.ConclusionThe results suggest that gender differences in the prevalence of different chronic conditions result in differences in the proportion of disability employment exits they account for in the population. Targeted and tailored interventions, for example, in the workplace might take this into account.
Impact of autoimmune rheumatic diseases on birth outcomes: a population-based study
Authors: Strouse Jennifer , Donovan Brittney M , Fatima Munazza , Fernandez-Ruiz Ruth , Baer Rebecca J , Nidey Nichole , Forbess Chelsey , Bandoli Gretchen , Paynter Randi , Parikh Nisha , Jeliffe-Pawlowski Laura , Ryckman Kelli K , Singh Namrata 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesAutoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) affect women of childbearing age and have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. The impact of diseases like ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) on birth outcomes remains less studied to date. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of ARDs on preterm birth (PTB), congenital anomalies, low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA), in a large cohort of women.MethodsWe conducted a propensity score-matched analysis to predict ARD from a retrospective birth cohort of all live, singleton births in California occurring between 2007 and 2012. Data were derived from birth certificate records linked to hospital discharge International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision codes.ResultsWe matched 10 244 women with a recorded ARD diagnosis (rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome, PsA); ankylosing spondylitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to those without an ARD diagnosis. The adjusted OR (aOR) of PTB was increased for women with any ARD (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.10) and remained significant for those with RA, SLE, PsA and JIA. The odds of LBW and SGA were also significantly increased among women with an ARD diagnosis. ARDs were not associated with increased odds of congenital anomalies.ConclusionConsistent with prior literature, we found that women with ARDs are more likely to have PTB or deliver an SGA infant. Some reassurance is provided that an increase in congenital anomalies was not found even in this large cohort.
A Local Mean Representation-based
K
-Nearest Neighbor Classifier
Authors: Gou Jianping , Qiu Wenmo , Yi Zhang , Xu Yong , Mao Qirong , Zhan Yongzhao 
Published: April 2019

K
-nearest neighbor classification method (KNN), as one of the top 10 algorithms in data mining, is a very simple and yet effective nonparametric technique for pattern recognition. However, due to the selective sensitiveness of the neighborhood size
k
, the simple majority vote, and the conventional metric measure, the KNN-based classification performance can be easily degraded, especially in the small training sample size cases. In this article, to further improve the classification performance and overcome the main issues in the KNN-based classification, we propose a local mean representation-based
k
-nearest neighbor classifier (LMRKNN). In the LMRKNN, the categorical
k
-nearest neighbors of a query sample are first chosen to calculate the corresponding categorical
k
-local mean vectors, and then the query sample is represented by the linear combination of the categorical
k
-local mean vectors; finally, the class-specific representation-based distances between the query sample and the categorical
k
-local mean vectors are adopted to determine the class of the query sample. Extensive experiments on many UCI and KEEL datasets and three popular face databases are carried out by comparing LMRKNN to the state-of-art KNN-based methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LMRKNN outperforms the related competitive KNN-based methods with more robustness and effectiveness.
Lulling the Cancer Cell into an Eternal Sleep
Authors: Farrington Caroline C. , Narla Goutham 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A hallmark of metastasis is the ability of cancer cells to undergo the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to invade and disseminate to distal sites. More recently, the case has been made that the critical last step in metastasis is dependent on the ability to undergo reversion to an epithelial phenotype in a process known as the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). It is this transition in the metastatic cascade that researchers are focusing on clinically to treat disseminated disease. Shinde and colleagues identified spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) as a critical mediator of MET that facilitated the removal of P-bodies during autophagy. Remarkably, pharmacologic inhibition of SYK inhibited the clearance of P-bodies and autophagy in preclinical models of metastasis, arresting cancer cells in an indefinite dormant state and preventing tumor cell colonization and thus the establishment of aggressive metastatic disease.
See related article by Shinde et al., p. 1831
Detection of NRG1 Gene Fusions in Solid Tumors
Authors: Jonna Sushma , Feldman Rebecca A. , Swensen Jeffrey , Gatalica Zoran , Korn Wolfgang M. , Borghaei Hossein , Ma Patrick C. , Nieva Jorge J. , Spira Alexander I. , Vanderwalde Ari M. , Wozniak Antoinette J. , Kim Edward S. , Liu Stephen V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurpose:NRG1 gene fusions are rare but potentially actionable oncogenic drivers that are present in some solid tumors. Details regarding the incidence of these gene rearrangements are lacking. Here, we assessed the incidence of NRG1 fusions across multiple tumor types and described fusion partners.Experimental Design:Tumor specimens submitted for molecular profiling at a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)–certified genomics laboratory and that underwent fusion testing by anchored multiplex PCR for targeted RNA sequencing were retrospectively identified. The overall and tumor-specific incidence was noted, as was the specific fusion partner.Results:Out of 21,858 tumor specimens profiled from September 2015 to December 2018, 41 cases (0.2%) harbored an NRG1 fusion. Multiple fusion partners were identified. Fusion events were seen across tumor types. The greatest incidence was in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 25), though this represented only 0.3% of NSCLC cases tested. Other tumor types harboring an NRG1 fusion included gallbladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumor, sarcoma, and colorectal cancer.Conclusions:NRG1 fusions can be detected at a low incidence across multiple tumor types with significant heterogeneity in fusion partner.See related commentary by Dimou and Camidge, p. 4865
Time‐ and Dose‐Dependent Association of Statin Use With Risk of Clinically Relevant New‐Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Prevention: A Nationwide Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Ko Min Jung , Jo Ae Jeong , Kim Yun Jung , Kang Shin Hee , Cho Songhee , Jo Sang‐Ho , Park Cheol‐Young , Yun Sung‐Cheol , Lee Woo Je , Park Duk‐Woo 
Published: April 2019

Background
Given that statins are increasingly being used for primary‐prevention, the public concerns regarding the risk of new‐onset diabetes mellitus associated with statin use may be an issue.

Methods and Results

Using healthcare data from the national health insurance examinees, our study comprised a cohort of adults aged ≥40 years with hypercholesterolemia who would be eligible for statin therapy for primary prevention from 2005 to 2012. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant new‐onset diabetes mellitus requiring medical therapy. Among 2 162 119 adults with hypercholesterolemia who might be eligible for statin therapy, 638 625 (29.5%) ever used statins and 1 523 494 (70.5%) never used statins. In the propensity‐matched cohort of 518 491 pairs, during mean follow‐up of 3.9 years, being an ever‐user of statin was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus risk compared with being a never‐user of statin (13.4 versus 6.9 per 1000 person‐years; adjusted hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.88; 95%
CI
, 1.85–1.93). With increasing duration of statin use, the risk of diabetes mellitus was proportionally increased (
HR
1.25 <1 year,
HR
2.22 for 1–2 years, and
HR
2.62 >2 years). An excess risk of diabetes mellitus was also associated with a higher intensity (
HR
1.75 for low‐to‐moderate potency and
HR
2.31 for high potency) and a cumulative dosing of statin (
HR
1.06 for low‐tertile,
HR
1.74 for middle‐tertile, and
HR
2.52 for high‐tertile of defined‐daily‐disease).

Conclusions
In patients receiving statin therapy for primary prevention, there was a time‐ and dose‐dependent association of statin use with an increasing risk of new‐onset diabetes mellitus.
Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 4. Hesperiinae: Aeromachini and Baorini
Authors: COCK MATTHEW J. W. , CONGDON T. COLIN E. 
Published: April 2019

Partial life histories for two Afrotropical Aeromachini and seven Afrotropical Baorini (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) are described and illustrated: Ampittia capenas (Hewitson), A. kilombero Larsen & Congdon, Zenonia zeno (Trimen), Pelopidas mathias mathias (Fabricius), P. thrax (Hübner), Borbo borbonica borbonica (Boisduval), B. fatuellus fatuellus (Hopffer), B. lugens (Hopffer) and Gegenes niso brevicornis (Plötz). Distinctive features of the pupa of Ampittia spp. (Aeromachini) are noted. Amongst Baorini, the pupae of Pelopidas spp., Borbo spp., Gegenes spp. and Zenonia spp. are all similar, being elongate, green, with a frontal spike, while the pupae of Parnara spp. are brown, rounded, and have no frontal spike. We hypothesise that the pupae of the first four genera reflect a common need for camouflage in an open or partially open shelter made from a single leaf of grass, while the pupa of Parnara spp. are formed in a closed shelter using several leaves as needed. This may also explain the similarity of the camouflaged pupae to those of many other genera in other tribes, which also feed on grasses, palms etc., and pupate in partially or completely open situations.
The Second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2): Observational Field Campaign
Authors: Wilczak James M. , Stoelinga Mark , Berg Larry K. , Sharp Justin , Draxl Caroline , McCaffrey Katherine , Banta Robert M. , Bianco Laura , Djalalova Irina , Lundquist Julie K. , Muradyan Paytsar , Choukulkar Aditya , Leo Laura , Bonin Timothy , Pichugina Yelena , Eckman Richard , Long Charles N. , Lantz Kathleen , Worsnop Rochelle P. , Bickford Jim , Bodini Nicola , Chand Duli , Clifton Andrew , Cline Joel , Cook David R. , Fernando Harindra J. S. , Friedrich Katja , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra , Marquis Melinda , McCaa Jim , Olson Joseph B. , Otarola-Bustos Sebastian , Scott George , Shaw William J. , Wharton Sonia , White Allen B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)- and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-funded program, with private-sector and university partners, which aims to improve the accuracy of numerical weather prediction (NWP) model forecasts of wind speed in complex terrain for wind energy applications. A core component of WFIP2 was an 18-month field campaign that took place in the U.S. Pacific Northwest between October 2015 and March 2017. A large suite of instrumentation was deployed in a series of telescoping arrays, ranging from 500 km across to a densely instrumented 2 km × 2 km area similar in size to a high-resolution NWP model grid cell. Observations from these instruments are being used to improve our understanding of the meteorological phenomena that affect wind energy production in complex terrain and to evaluate and improve model physical parameterization schemes. We present several brief case studies using these observations to describe phenomena that are routinely difficult to forecast, including wintertime cold pools, diurnally driven gap flows, and mountain waves/wakes. Observing system and data product improvements developed during WFIP2 are also described.
Verification of Postprocessed Summer Temperature Forecasts at U.K. Sites Using Observed Climate-Based Thresholds
Authors: Sharpe Michael , Stewart Emily 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The full range of ensemble forecast members, expressed in percentile format, can give additional valuable information to users compared to a deterministic solution. This study contains the first rigorous assessment of the operational U.K. site-specific percentile forecast generated by the Met Office. Maximum meteorological summer daytime temperature forecasts issued between 2014 and 2016 are analyzed using the ranked probability score (RPS), ranked probability skill score (RPSS), categorized mean squared error (MSE), quantile skill score (QSS), and relative economic value (REV). Site-specific observed climatology is used to define the temperature threshold for each category (where applicable) thereby ensuring identical categorical event base rates across all 99 sites considered. Forecast ranges between 6 and 120 h are assessed, with the RPS decomposition indicating no perceivable change in the reliability yet an almost linear decrease with forecast range solely due to a near-linear increase in the resolution. Using the categorized MSE (the deterministic equivalent to the RPS), the probabilistic forecast is shown to possess more skill than its deterministic counterpart and the disparity between these scores increases with the forecast range. This finding is reinforced by a REV assessment; this indicates that the economic value associated with the probabilistic envelope is greater than that associated with the deterministic solution at the majority of cost–loss ratios. The QSS appears to be well correlated with the RPSS (rs = 0.852 at T + 24) and identifies the outlying quantiles of the probabilistic forecast as being the least skillful.
‘From my point of view, my wife has recovered’: A qualitative investigation of caregivers’ perceptions of recovery and peer support services for people with bipolar disorder in a Chinese community
Authors: Yuen Winnie WY , Tse Samson , Murray Greg , Davidson Larry 
Published: April 2019

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental disorder, and family members play a key role in taking care of the affected individuals. The recovery movement has gradually transformed mental health services, for example, through the introduction of peer support services (sharing of expert-by-experience knowledge), and it has challenged the prevailing view that people with mental illness cannot recover. Aims: Through this study, the researchers explored how family caregivers in a Chinese context conceptualise recovery, how caregivers interact with peer support workers (PSWs) and how they perceive peer support services. Methods: Fourteen family caregivers from community settings participated in individual semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed through thematic analysis. Results: Family caregivers had multifaceted definitions of recovery and had various degrees of contact with PSWs. The views and experiences shared by PSWs were hope-instilling for caregivers and changed their perception of BD and their loved ones. Some limitations of PSWs were also identified. Conclusion: Social connectedness and functional outcomes were important indicators of recovery among Chinese family caregivers. Caregivers began to understand the benefits of PSWs after experiencing their services. Peer-led services could be a helpful support for both service users and family caregivers.
Beverage intake during alternate-day fasting: Relationship to energy intake and body weight
Authors: Kalam Faiza , Kroeger Cynthia M , Trepanowski John F , Gabel Kelsey , Song Jee Hee , Cienfuegos Sofia , Varady Krista A 
Published: April 2019

Background: Alternate-day fasting (ADF) involves a ‘famine day’ (25% energy intake) and a ‘feast day’ (ad libitum intake). This secondary analysis examined changes in beverage intake in relation to energy intake and body weight during 12 months of ADF versus daily calorie restriction (CR). Methods: Obese subjects ( n = 100 enrolled, n = 69 completers) were randomized to one of three groups for 12 months: (a) ADF; (b) CR; or (c) control. Results: At baseline, intakes of diet soda, caffeinated beverages, sugar-sweetened soda, alcohol, juice, and milk were similar between groups. There were no statistically significant changes in the intake of these beverages by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups. Beverage intake was not related to energy intake or body weight at month 6 or 12 in any group. Conclusion: These pilot findings suggest that intermittent fasting does not impact beverage intake in a way that affects energy intake or body weight.
Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for improving erectile function and climacturia in men after prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kannan Priya , Winser Stanley J , Choi Ho Lam , Hei Leung C , Kin Lam C , Agnieszka Garbien E , Jeffrey Leung HY 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction and climacturia. Data sources: Multiple databases were searched from database inception to February 2019. Review methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing physiotherapy interventions to control were included. Results: The search yielded 127 potentially relevant articles; seven met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Meta-analysis of two studies revealed a statistically significant effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback compared to the no treatment control group for erectile function at the12-month follow-up period (risk ratio (RR) = 3.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–13.05; P = 0.05). Data from one small study ( n = 31) identified a greater number of men reporting improved climacturia in the PFMT plus electrical stimulation group compared to the no treatment control group, and the overall effect was significant (RR = 15.60, 95% CI = 0.95–254.91; P = 0.05). Meta-analyses of two studies found no statistically significant differences between groups receiving PFMT and no treatment control for erectile function or climacturia at long-term follow-up. Conclusions: PFMT augmented with biofeedback improves erectile function after prostatectomy. Data from a single study found PFMT combined with electrical stimulation to be beneficial for postprostatectomy climacturia. However, electrical stimulation is recommended for terminally ill people only. The effect of PFMT alone on postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction and climacturia remains inconclusive. However, this is likely to be affected by the participant adherence and physiotherapy supervision. High-quality trials providing intensive supervision and due consideration of adherence factors are recommended.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Conditioning Required to Prevent an Abnormal Lachman and Pivot Shift After ACL Reconstruction: A Robotic Study of 3 ACL Graft Constructs
Authors: Noyes Frank R. , Huser Lauren E. , Ashman Brad , Palmer Michael 
Published: April 2019

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft conditioning protocols to decrease postoperative increases in anterior tibial translation and pivot-shift instability have not been established. Purpose: To determine what ACL graft conditioning protocols should be performed at surgery to decrease postoperative graft elongation after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A 6 degrees of freedom robotic simulator evaluated 3 ACL graft constructs in 7 cadaver knees for a total of 19 graft specimens. Knees were tested before and after ACL sectioning and after ACL graft conditioning protocols before reconstruction. The ACL grafts consisted of a 6-strand semitendinosus-gracilis TightRope, bone–patellar tendon–bone TightRope, and bone–patellar tendon–bone with interference screws. Two graft conditioning protocols were used: (1) graft board tensioning (20 minutes, 80 N) and (2) cyclic conditioning (5°-120° of flexion, 90-N anterior tibial load) after graft reconstruction to determine the number of cycles needed to obtain a steady state with no graft elongation. After conditioning, the grafts were cycled a second time under anterior-posterior loading (100 N, 25° of flexion) and under pivot-shift loading (100 N anterior, 5-N·m internal rotation, 7 N·m valgus) to verify that the ACL flexion-extension conditioning protocol was effective. Results: Graft board tensioning did not produce a steady-state graft. Major increases in anterior tibial translation occurred in the flexion-extension graft-loading protocol at 25° of flexion (mean ± SD: semitendinosus-gracilis TightRope, 3.4 ± 1.1 mm; bone–patellar tendon–bone TightRope, 3.2 ± 1.0 mm; bone–patellar tendon–bone with interference screws, 2.4 ± 1.5 mm). The second method of graft conditioning (40 cycles, 5°-120° of flexion, 90-N anterior load) produced a stable conditioned state for all grafts, as the anterior translations of the anterior-posterior and pivot-shift cycles were statistically equivalent ( P < .05, 1-20 cycles). Conclusion: ACL graft board conditioning protocols are not effective, leading to deleterious ACL graft elongations after reconstruction. A secondary ACL graft conditioning protocol of 40 flexion-extension cycles under 90-N graft loading was required for a well-conditioned graft, preventing further elongation and restoring normal anterior-posterior and pivot-shift translations. Clinical Relevance: There is a combined need for graft board tensioning and robust cyclic ACL graft loading before final graft fixation to restore knee stability.