bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of alliance partner choice: Network distance, managerial incentives, and board monitoring
Authors: Kang Ribuga , Zaheer Akbar 
Published: July 2018

Research Summary: We ask if managerial opportunism is a significant problem in alliance partner choice and examine the role of corporate governance mechanisms in explaining this choice. Using a sample of 313 alliances of U.S. firms from the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries from 1992 to 2010, we find that managerial incentives lead to managerial preference for relationally risky distant partners over existing and new close partners. Further, board monitoring encourages managers to pursue existing and distant partners over new close ones, choices aligned with shareholder interests. In addition, we find that board monitoring substitutes for managerial incentives in alliance partner choice. We contribute to the literature on alliance partner choice to identify an important, and hitherto, unexplored perspective.Managerial Summary: This article examines whether managers and shareholders view alliance‐related risks differently, and how the divergent interests between managers and shareholders affect alliance partner choice. We argue that managers’ concern about their loss of employment and compensation from alliance failure impedes the choice of relationally risky alliance partners that may increase shareholder value. We also argue that managerial stock ownership and board monitoring mitigate this managerial propensity. Our findings suggest that stock ownership owned by managers and strong board monitoring are effective governance mechanisms to align managers’ interests with those of shareholders. Our study offers a novel perspective to understand alliance partner choice by viewing the firm as an entity comprised of fragmented interests.
Towards a tensionless string field theory for the $$ \mathcal{N}=\left(2,0\right) $$ CFT in d = 6
Authors: Ananth Sudarshan , Kovacs Stefano , Sato Yuki , Shimada Hidehiko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe describe progress in using the field theory of tensionless strings to arrive at a Lagrangian for the six-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(2,0\right) $$N=20conformal theory. We construct the free part of the theory and propose an ansatz for the cubic vertex in light-cone superspace. By requiring closure of the (2, 0) supersymmetry algebra, we fix the cubic vertex up to two parameters.
The Burden of High‐Energy Musculoskeletal Trauma in High‐Income Countries
Authors: Hoogervorst P. , Shearer D. W. , Miclau T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroduction to the problemThough declining in the recent decades, high‐energy musculoskeletal trauma remains a major contributor to the burden of disease in high‐income countries (HICs). However, due to limitations in the available body of the literature, evaluation of this burden is challenging. The purpose of this review is to assess: (1) the current epidemiologic data on the surgical burden of high‐energy musculoskeletal trauma in HICs; (2) the current data on the economic impact of high‐energy musculoskeletal trauma; and (3) potential strategies for addressing gaps in musculoskeletal trauma care for the future.Review of literatureIn 2016, mortality from road traffic injuries (RTIs) between the ages of 15–49 was reported to be 9.5% (9.0–9.9) in high‐income countries, accounting for approximately 255 million DALYs. While RTIs do not fully capture the extent of high‐energy musculoskeletal trauma, as the most common mechanism, they serve as a useful indicator of the impact on the surgical and economic burden. In 2009, the global losses related to RTIs were estimated to be 518 billion USD, costing governments between 1 and 3% of their gross domestic product (GDP). In the last decade, both the total direct per‐person healthcare cost and the incremental direct per‐person costs for those with a musculoskeletal injury in the USA rose 75 and 58%, respectively.Future directions: addressing the gapsWhile its impact is large, research on musculoskeletal conditions, including high‐energy trauma, is underfunded compared to other fields of medicine. An increased awareness among policy makers and healthcare professionals of the importance of care for the high‐energy musculoskeletal trauma patient is critical. Full implementation of trauma systems is imperative, and metrics such as the ICD–DALY have the potential to allow for real‐time evaluation of prevention and treatment programs aimed to reduce injury‐related morbidity and mortality. The dearth in knowledge in optimal and cost‐effective post‐acute care for high‐energy musculoskeletal trauma is a reason for concern, especially since almost half of the costs are attributed to this phase of care. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams as part of a musculoskeletal trauma system may be of interest to decrease further the long‐term negative effects and the economic burden of high‐energy musculoskeletal trauma.
Social skills group training in children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dekker Vera , Nauta Maaike H. , Timmerman Marieke E. , Mulder Erik J. , van der Veen-Mulders Lianne , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , van Warners Sjoukje , Vet Leonieke J. J. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , de Bildt Annelies 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn 122 high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; 9–13 years; 19 girls), we investigated the effectiveness of a 15-session social skills group training (SST) with and without parent and teacher involvement (PTI) in a randomized controlled trial with three conditions: SST (n = 47), SST–PTI (n = 51), and care-as-usual (CAU, n = 24). Hierarchical linear modeling was used for immediate and 6-month follow-up analyses. Measures were administered before randomization (blind), post-treatment and at follow-up (not blind). Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register; http://www.trialregister.nl; NTR2405. At post-treatment, children in both SSTs had improved significantly more than CAU on the primary outcome, Vineland Socialization (SST: Cohen’s d = 0.39; 95% CI − 2.23 to 3.11 and SST–PTI: d = 0.43; 95% CI − 2.19 to 3.15) and on the secondary outcome parent-SSRS “Cooperation” (SST: d = 0.43; 95% CI − 0.23 to 1.15 and SST–PTI: d = 0.45; 95% CI − 0.21 to 1.17), with no difference between post-treatment and follow-up. Additionally, children in SST–PTI improved significantly more on the teacher-SSRS than in CAU [“Cooperation” d =0.42 (95% CI − 0.33 to 1.13); “Assertion” d =0.34 (95% CI − 0.39 to 1.11); “Self-Control” d =0.61 (95% CI − 0.08 to 1.34)] and in SST [“Cooperation” d =0.34 (95% CI − 0.37 to 1.05); “Self-Control” d =0.59 (95% CI − 0.13 to 1.32)]. The current study corroborates earlier findings in smaller samples and wider age ranges, with small but statistically significant effects of SST for high-functioning pre-adolescent children with ASD. Parental and teacher involvement intensified treatment, yet did not yield an additional effect relative to SST for children only, as reported by parents. 6 months after training, no further improvement or decline was found.
Minor complexity of discrete functions
Authors: Shtrakov Slavcho 
Published: July 2018

In this paper we study a class of complexity measures, induced by a new data structure for representingk-valued functions (operations), called minor decision diagram. When assigning values to some variables in a function the resulting functions are called subfunctions, and when identifying some variables the resulting functions are called minors. The sets of essential variables in subfunctions offare called separable inf.We examine the maximal separable subsets of variables and their conjugates, introduced in the paper, proving that each such set has at least one conjugate. The essential arity gapgap(f)of the functionfis the minimal number of essential variables infwhich become fictive when identifying distinct essential variables inf. We also investigate separable sets of variables in functions with non-trivial arity gap. This allows us to solve several important algebraic, computational and combinatorial problems about the finite-valued functions.
Splenic hamartoma associated with abdominal discomfort and pain: Case report
Authors: Illuminati Giulio , Prezioso Giampaolo , Pizzardi Giulia , Pasqua Rocco , Perotti Bruno , Amatucci Chiara , De Vincentiis Ludovica 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Hamartomas are benign splenic neoplasms asymptomatic in most of the cases. Symptoms, when present, may either be related to the growth of the mass with abdominal discomfort and pain or be related to a hypersplenism syndrome. Certain preoperative diagnosis cannot be made with current diagnostic imaging. Splenectomy is therefore indicated in order to obtain histological diagnosis, rule out malignancy or achieve regression of symptoms. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman referred for a splenic hamartoma causing pain located on the upper abdominal quadrant. She underwent splenectomy through a left subcostal access followed by complete resolution of symptoms.
Resection of splenic masses is indicated to complete diagnosis, achieve cure and, when present, relieve symptoms.

Highlights:
Comparison of 4.8 Fr and 6 Fr ureteral stents on stent related symptoms following ureterorenoscopy: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cubuk Alkan , Yanaral Fatih , Ozgor Faruk , Savun Metin , Ozdemir Harun , Erbin Akif , Yuksel Bahar , Sarilar Omer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effects of ureteral stent diameters on ureteral stent‐related symptoms were evaluated by using Turkish‐validated Ureteral Stent Related Symptoms Questionnaire (USSQ). Datas on 126 patients underwent uncomplicated flexible ureterorenoscopy and 62 patients underwent uncomplicated semirigid ureteroscopy surgery without stent insertion (group 3) were collected. Patients were randomized preoperatively in a double‐blind fashion to 4.8 French (group 1) and 6 French (group 2) ureteral JJ stents groups. The first follow‐up visit was done at one week after surgery for all groups. Stents were removed on the third postoperative week for stented groups. The second follow‐up visit was done at one week after stent removal for group 1 and group 2, and four week after surgery for group 3. Preoperative characteristics, operation time and hospitalization times were similar in both groups. Total USSQ scores were 91.9, 103.0, 44.2 at first visit and 54.3, 58.7, 28.5 at second visit in group 1, group 2, and group 3, respectively. At both first and second visits, the group 2 had significantly higher USSQ scores than the group 1 (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Group 1 and 2 had higher scores than group 3 at both visits. Ureteral stents are associated with poor effects on patients' comfort and high USSQ scores. Using 4.8 Fr JJ stents improves stent‐related symptoms and decreases the USSQ score more than 6 Fr JJ stents. Therefore, if ureteral stent is to be used after URS, we recommend using 4.8 Fr stent.
Autonomic Dysreflexia as a Potential Adverse Effect of Duloxetine and Amitriptyline Combination Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Parke Sara C. , Reyes Maria Regina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPharmacologic triggers of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) have rarely been described. This report describes the case of a 31‐year‐old woman with T3 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A spinal cord injury who developed recurrent AD while receiving duloxetine and amitriptyline combination therapy for neuropathic pain. After excluding other AD generators, duloxetine was discontinued and the AD episodes resolved. Although secondary hypertension is a known side effect of amitriptyline and duloxetine, neither drug has been previously associated with AD. One potential mechanism for inhibition of duloxetine metabolism is discussed. Unexplained AD in at‐risk patients receiving duloxetine and amitriptyline should prompt consideration of an adverse reaction to combination therapy.Level of EvidenceV
Walking Stability During Normal Walking and Its Association with Slip Intensity Among Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Arora Tarun , Musselman Kristin E. , Lanovaz Joel L. , Linassi Gary , Arnold Catherine , Milosavljevic Stephan , Oates Alison 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAmbulatory individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) experience frequent falls suggesting impairments in their balance control. Individuals with iSCI are more stable during normal walking as compared to able‐bodied (AB) individuals; however, it is not known whether this increased stability helps prevent hazardous slips.ObjectiveTo compare walking stability during normal walking between iSCI and AB individuals, and to study the association between stability during normal walking and the intensity of an unexpected slip perturbation.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingBiomechanics of Balance and Movement lab, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.ParticipantsTwenty iSCI (15 men; age: M = 60.05, SD = 17.77 years) and 16 (12 men; age: M = 58.92, SD = 17.10 years) AB individuals.MethodsStability measures during unperturbed walking at a self‐selected speed were collected from all the participants. Additionally, stability measures were also collected from 10 of the AB participants walking at a slower speed. An unexpected slip perturbation was recorded in all participants during a self‐selected speed trial and peak‐slip heel velocity post slip was recorded.Main Outcome MeasurementsMeasures of stability: ankle co‐contraction, required coefficient of friction, walking velocity, foot angle, anteroposterior margin of stability, percentage double support, step length, and step width were compared between iSCI, AB‐self selected, and AB‐slow walking groups. Associations between slip intensity, indicated by peak post‐slip heel velocity, and stability measures were also examined through correlation analysis.ResultsIndividuals with iSCI walked slower, took shorter steps, and spent a greater percentage of time in double support compared with AB individuals walking at a self‐selected pace (P < .01). Slower walking velocity was correlated with slower post‐slip velocity in participants with iSCI (P = .01) only.ConclusionsIndividuals with iSCI walk with greater stability than AB individuals during unperturbed walking because of a lower self‐selected speed, which appears to reduce the intensity of an unexpected slip perturbation.Level of EvidenceIII
VOTING, NATIONHOOD, AND CITIZENSHIP IN LATE-COLONIAL AFRICA
Authors: WILLIS JUSTIN , LYNCH GABRIELLE , CHEESEMAN NIC 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the face of considerable scepticism from some British commentators, elections by secret ballot and adult suffrage emerged as central features of the end of British rule in Africa. This article considers the trajectories of electoral politics in three territories – Ghana (Gold Coast), Kenya, and Uganda. It shows that in each of these, the ballot box came to provide a point of convergence for the disparate ambitions of nationalist politicians, colonial policy-makers, and a hopeful, restive public: performing order, asserting maturity and equality, and staking a claim to prosperity. Late-colonial elections, we argue, constrained political possibility even as they offered citizenship, presenting the developmentalist state as the only possible future and ensuring substantial continuities from late colonialism to independence. They also established a linkage between nationhood, adulthood, and the ballot that was to have enduring political force. Yet at the same time, they established elections as a space for a local politics of clientelism, and for kinds of claims-making and accountability that were to complicate post-independence projects of nation-building.
Records of opecoeline species Pseudopecoelus cf. vulgaris and Anomalotrema koiae Gibson & Bray, 1984 (Trematoda, Opecoelidae, Opecoelinae) from fish of the North Pacific, with notes on the phylogeny of the family Opecoelidae
Authors: Sokolov S.G. , Shchenkov S.V. , Gordeev I.I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOpecoelid speciesPseudopecoelus cf.vulgarisandAnomalotrema koiaeGibson &amp; Bray, 1984 were found in fish collected in the boreal waters of the North Pacific.Pseudopecoelus cf.vulgarisdiffers fromPseudopecoelusvulgaris(Manter, 1934) in terms of the egg size. This is the first record ofA. koiaein the North Pacific, and the second ofPseudopecoeluscf.vulgaris.Previously,A. koiaewas recorded only in North Atlantic fish. Partial sequences of 28S rDNA obtained for these two species and six other previously unsequenced representatives of the family Opecoelidae were analysed together with data from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis supports the allocation of the six clades of opecoelids – Helicometrinae, Opecoelinae, Opistholebetinae, ‘freshwater Plagioporinae’, ‘marine Plagioporinae B’ and ‘marine Plagioporinae C’, and confirms the paraphyly of the group ‘deep-sea Plagioporinae’. Our phylogeny does not support previous hypotheses about the monophyly of opecoelines with a uroproct.
Leg pains in CHD: a distressing symptom of a wider problem
Authors: Hutchinson Suzie , Crossland David S. , Chaudhry Bill , Coats Louise 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeAnecdotal reports suggest that children and young adults with CHD frequently experience pain in their legs. The purpose of this pilot study, performed by Little Hearts Matter patient organisation, was to assess the burden of leg pains in this group and begin to investigate associated factors and consequences for daily living.MethodsAn internet-based survey was distributed by Little Hearts Matter patient organisation. After anonymisation and collation, responses were analysed and compared with their healthy siblings.ResultsOf the 220 patients who responded, 94% reported leg pains compared with 30% of siblings (n=107; p<0.001). In respondents, pain was typically reported to occur in the lower legs or around the knees or ankles, often associated with crying and screaming (49.0%) and most commonly occurring at night-time (82.0%). Individuals taking aspirin and those who were more active were more likely to report leg pains. Older age was associated with leg pain that occurred with stress (p=0.02) and at night (p=0.05). Analgesia (64.1%) or massage (53.9%) was the preferred option for alleviation. There was no gender bias, association with diagnosis, surgical history, and/ or relationship with diagnosed orthopaedic issues.ConclusionLeg pains are more frequent in those with CHD compared with their healthy siblings. Aetiology is uncertain, but pains share many common characteristics with benign “growing pains”.
Solar Flare Prediction Using Machine Learning with Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: Nishizuka Naoto , Sugiura Komei , Kubo Yuki , Den Mitsue , Watari Shin-ichi , Ishii Mamoru 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe developed a flare prediction model based on the supervised machine learning of solar observation data for 2010-2015. We used vector magnetograms, lower chromospheric brightening, and soft-X-ray data taken by Solar Dynamics Observatory and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. We detected active regions and extracted 60 solar features such as magnetic neutral lines, current helicity, chromospheric brightening, and flare history. We fully shuffled the database and randomly divided it into two for training and testing. To predict the maximum size of flares occurring in the following 24 hours, we used three machine-learning algorithms independently: the support vector machine, the k nearest neighbors (kNN), and the extremely randomized trees. We achieved a skill score (TSS) of greater than 0.9 for kNN. Furthermore, we compared the prediction results in a more operational setting by shuffling and dividing the database with a week unit. It was found that the prediction score depends on the way the database is prepared.
Statistical Analysis of Individual Solar Active Regions
Authors: Kromyda Garyfallia , Vlahos Loukas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the last decades, numerous observational and computational studies have shown that the global flare distribution is a power-law with a slope less than 2. In these studies, active regions are treated as statistically indistinguishable. To test this, we identify and separately analyze the flares produced by ten individual active regions (2006-2016). In five regions, we find a single power-law distribution, with a slope of a < 2. In the other five, we find a broken double power-law distribution, with slopes a1 < 2 and a2 > 2.
Comparison of Predictive Efficiency of Topological Descriptors and SHARP in Solar Flares Forecasting
Authors: Knyazeva Irina , Urtiev Fedor , Makarenko Nikolay 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the current paper, we investigate topological invariants, calculated by HMI LOS magnetograms as complexity descriptors of solar magnetic fields. We compared them with the physical parameters provided by the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches (SHARP). We have repeated forecasting experiment of Stanford Solar Observatories Group with the same positive and negative active region patches database, but replace SHARP parameters with topological invariants of corresponding LOS magnetograms. The classification results turned out practically identical to those obtained by the Stanford Solar Observatory group. This means that using LOS magnetograms retains enough complexity for magnetic field description.
The Forecast of Space Weather According to Ground-Based Observatories
Authors: Tlatov Andrey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe space weather forecast can be conditionally divided into three components: 1) The forecast of recurrent slowly varying events which are associated with the topology of a large-scale magnetic field; 2) Evaluation of fluxes of ultraviolet and extreme radiation; 3) Detecting and determining the parameters of eruptions and CME. All three components can be observed and evaluated by ground-based telescopes. In this article we describe the telescopes of the space weather service in Kislovodsk Mountain Astronomical Station. Telescope-magnetograph STOP for the forecast of recurrent events and patrol telescopes-spectrographs for detecting CME and estimating hard radiation fluxes.
Determining the Polar Cusp Longitudinal Location from Pc5 Geomagnetic Field Measurements at a Pair of High Latitude Stations
Authors: Lepidi Stefania , Francia Patrizia , Cafarella Lili , Di Mauro Domenico , Marzocchetti Martina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe use low frequency geomagnetic field measurements at two Antarctic stations to statistically investigate the longitudinal location of the polar cusp. The two stations are both located in the polar cap at a geomagnetic latitude close to the cusp latitude; they are separated by one hour in magnetic local time. At each station the Pc5 power maximizes when the station approaches the cusp, i.e. around magnetic local noon. The comparison between the Pc5 power at the two stations allows to determine the longitudinal location of the cusp. Our analysis is conducted considering separately different orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field. The results, which indicate longitudinal shifts of the polar cusp depending on the selected conditions, are discussed in relation to previous studies of the polar cusp location based on polar magnetospheric satellite data.