bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage for the Repair of Porcine Articular Cartilage Defects
Authors: Ao Yunong , Li Zhong , You Qi , Zhang Chengchang , Yang Liu , Duan Xiaojun 
Published: June 2019

Background: The repair of porcine articular cartilage defects by using particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (PJAC) has demonstrated good short-term clinical efficacy, but the repair process and mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Purpose: To study the efficacy of PJAC in repairing full-thickness cartilage defects and to provide an experimental basis for its clinical application. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty Guizhou minipigs were randomly divided into an experimental group and control group. An 8-mm cylindrical full-thickness cartilage defect was created in the femoral trochlea of either knee in all minipigs. The experimental group received the PJAC transplantation (PJAC group; n = 15) and the control group received autologous cartilage chips (ACC group; n = 15). Five minipigs were euthanized at 1, 3, and 6 months in each group to obtain samples, which were evaluated by general view of the knee joint and histomorphometry of the chondral defect area (hematoxylin and eosin, safranin O). International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II semiquantitative evaluation and collagen type II staining immunohistochemistry were also performed. Results: All 30 Guizhou minipigs were followed; there was no infection or incision healing disorder after the operation. At 1 month postoperatively, more hyaline cartilage was found in the ACC group (29.4%) compared with the PJAC group (20.1%) ( P < .05); there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups at 3 and 6 months after operation. The fibrocartilage content in the ACC group was significantly more than that in the PJAC group at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (27.4% vs 18.2% and 49.9% vs 41.1%, respectively; P < .05); significant differences disappeared at 6 months postoperatively. The PJAC group produced more fibrous tissue than the ACC group at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (60.1% vs 40.6% and 38.8% vs 24.4%, respectively; P < .05) but showed no statistical difference at 6 months postoperatively. Regarding the ICRS II scores, those of the ACC group were significantly better than the scores of the PJAC group in some subclasses at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The positive rates of immunohistochemical staining in the ACC group were higher at 1 and 3 months postoperatively than those in the PJAC group (54.2% vs 37.8% and 46.4% vs 34.4%, respectively; P < .05). The difference was not statistically significant between the 2 groups at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Both PJAC and ACC can produce a good repair effect on cartilage defects. At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, ACC resulted in better outcomes than PJAC, but there was no statistical difference in the repair effect between the 2 techniques at 6 months postoperatively. Clinical Relevance: Based on this animal experiment, further clinical studies are needed to investigate PJAC as a possible alternative first-line treatment for cartilage defects.
Development and Sensory Shelf-Life Testing of KOKO Plus: A Food Supplement for Improving the Nutritional Profiles of Traditional Complementary Foods
Authors: Tano-Debrah Kwaku , Saalia Firibu Kwesi , Ghosh Shibani , Hara Masashi 
Published: June 2019

Background: Providing nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential in preventing malnutrition in young infants. Koko made from fermented corn dough constitutes the most common complementary food in Ghana. However, these do not meet the nutrient requirements. Objective: To develop and test the acceptability and shelf-life of an energy-dense complementary food supplement for improving the nutritional profile of traditional complementary foods. Methods: Surveys of families in urban and rural communities and stakeholder engagements with health professionals were done to identify the most predominant traditional complementary foods and young infants’ feeding practices. A food supplement, KOKO Plus, that would improve the nutritional profile of koko and other complementary foods needed to be developed. Linear programming was used in ingredient formulations for the food supplement based on locally available foods. The acceptability of the food supplement, KOKO Plus, in koko and soup was assessed using 14 trained assessors in a 2 × 2 crossover design. Shelf-life of the product was estimated using the difference in control sensory test method at different storage temperatures (24°C, 34°C, and 44°C). Results: Koko was the most predominant complementary food in many homes. The KOKO Plus food supplement improved the nutritional profile of koko to satisfy the nutrient intake requirements of young infants as recommended by World Health Organization. KOKO Plus was microbiologically safe, with estimated shelf-life of more than 12 months. Conclusion: The development of KOKO Plus as a food supplement provides a practical solution to improve the nutritional status of weaning children in Ghana.
Usefulness of soluble CD163 as a biomarker for macrophage activation syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Nishino A , Katsumata Y , Kawasumi H , Hirahara S , Kawaguchi Y , Yamanaka H 
Published: June 2019

Objective We aimed to study the usefulness of serum soluble CD163 (sCD163) as a biomarker for macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Serum sCD163 levels were retrospectively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for SLE patients associated with MAS (SLE-MAS), lupus nephritis (LN), or autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and/or immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and healthy controls (HCs). Posttreatment samples were also evaluated in the available SLE-MAS patients. The associations between serum sCD163 levels and clinical information were statistically analyzed. Results The serum sCD163 levels in SLE-MAS, LN and SLE-AIHA/ITP groups were significantly higher than those in HCs ( n = 17, 29, 13, and 68, respectively; p < 0.01 for all comparisons). In addition, the serum sCD163 levels in the SLE-MAS group were even higher than those in the LN and SLE-AIHA/ITP groups ( p < 0.01 for both comparisons). Serum sCD163 levels were correlated with the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 scores ( r = 0.53), whereas they were not correlated with the serum ferritin levels. With the determined cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of serum sCD163 for the diagnosis of SLE-MAS were 59% and 86%, respectively. Retesting showed that the serum sCD163 levels decreased significantly following treatment in parallel with disease amelioration in the SLE-MAS group ( p < 0.01). Conclusions The present study suggests the usefulness of serum sCD163 as a diagnostic and disease-activity biomarker for SLE-associated MAS. Serum sCD163 might also have a different role as a biomarker for SLE-associated MAS than serum ferritin does.
Should psychiatrists support the availability of nicotine e-cigarettes in Australia?
Authors: Scott James G , Jhetam Sarah , Chen Renee , Daglish Mark 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To examine the position statement of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) regarding the availability of electronic cigarettes in Australia. Conclusion: There is limited evidence supporting the efficacy of nicotine e-cigarettes as an effective tobacco harm-reduction or cessation strategy for people with mental illness. The recommendations to increase their availability under regulation must be balanced with the physical and mental health risks of vapour inhalation and nicotine use, particularly for youth. Future recommendations by the RANZCP in relation to e-cigarettes must consider both the available evidence for harm reduction and the potential risks associated with youth e-cigarette use.
Internalized stigma, disclosure and self-esteem among psychiatric patients in a general hospital outpatient clinic
Authors: Lim Leslie , Goh Justine , Chan Yiong-Huak 
Published: June 2019

Objective: Psychiatric patients often experience internalized stigma. This occurs when persons accept the negative attitudes of others towards them, then internalize and apply these beliefs to themselves. We assess the effects of internalized stigma on illness disclosure and on self-esteem in psychiatric outpatients, hypothesizing that internalized stigma is more pronounced in psychiatric patients than in medical patient controls and that internalized stigma is associated with avoidance of disclosure, as well as reduced self-esteem. Methods: Psychiatric and medical outpatients were randomly selected to participate in the study, conducted at a general hospital specialist outpatient clinic. Results: Psychiatric patients demonstrated significantly lower self-esteem than controls. Internalized stigma was the highest for singles, and the lowest among married and older patients. Among psychiatric patients, a higher internalized stigma was significantly associated with experienced discrimination and with lower levels of self-esteem. Those who avoided disclosure had significantly higher internalized stigma than those who self-disclosed. Conclusion: The results confirmed our study hypotheses. Marriage and older age seemed to confer a protective effect on self-esteem.
Management of perioperative hemostasis in a severe hemophilia A patient with inhibitors on emicizumab using global hemostasis assays
Authors: Kizilocak Hande , Yukhtman Clara Lana , Marquez-Casas Elizabeth , Lee Jeanie , Donkin Jennifer , Young Guy 
Published: June 2019

Background: Patients with severe hemophilia A and inhibitors are at risk of bleeding during invasive procedures. The standard of care for preventing perioperative bleeding has been replacement therapy with FVIII concentrates or for patients with high-titer inhibitors, bypassing agents. However, there is no consensus on the appropriate management of surgery in patients receiving the novel agent emicizumab. The aim of this study was to demonstrate a case of a patient on emicizumab undergoing major surgery with bypassing agents with preoperative use of the thrombin generation assay (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG). Methods: We report a patient with hemophilia A with inhibitors who had undergone a total knee replacement while on emicizumab combined with a bypassing agent. We utilized TEG and TGA to determine which bypassing agent to choose as well as to inform about the ideal dose. Results: We elected to use recombinant FVIIa as a bypassing agent for the surgery based upon the TGA results. Conclusion: The TGA can be utilized to support decision-making in patients on emicizumab undergoing major surgery to both predict efficacy and potentially minimize the risk of thrombotic events.
Sagittal Alignment After Laminectomy Without Fusion as Treatment for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Follow-up of Minimum 4 Years Postoperatively
Authors: Löfgren Håkan , Osman Aras , Blomqvist Anders , Vavruch Ludek 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of sagittal malalignment including kyphosis following cervical laminectomy without fusion as treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy and to assess any correlation between malalignment and clinical outcome. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: In all, 60 patients were followed up with conventional radiography at an average of 8 years postoperatively. The cervical lordosis (C2-C7 Cobb angle), C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (cSVA) and C7 slope were measured on both preoperative and postoperative images. Patients completed a questionnaire covering Neck Disability Index (NDI), visual analogue scale for neck pain, and general health (EQ-5D). Results: Mean C2-C7 Cobb angle was 8.6° (SD 9.0) preoperatively, 3.4° (10.7) postoperatively and 9.6° (14.5) at follow-up. Ultimately, 3 patients showed >20° cervical kyphosis. Mean cSVA was 16.3 mm (SD 10.2) preoperatively, 20.6 mm (11.8) postoperatively, and 31.6 mm (11.8) at follow-up. Mean C7 slope was 20.4° (SD 8.9) preoperatively, 18.4° (9.4) postoperatively, and 32.6° (10.2) at follow-up. The preoperative to follow-up increase in cSVA and C7 slope was statistically significant (both P < .0001), but not for cervical lordosis. The preoperative to follow-up change in cSVA correlated moderately with preoperative cSVA ( r = 0.43, P = .002), as did the corresponding findings regarding C7 slope ( r = 0.52, P = .0001). A comparison of radiographic measurements with clinical outcome showed no strong correlations. Conclusions: No preoperative to follow-up change in cervical lordosis was found in this group; 5.0% developed >20° kyphosis. No clear correlation between sagittal alignment and clinical outcome was shown.
Eliminating Postoperative Radiation to the Pathologically Node-Negative Neck: Long-Term Results of a Prospective Phase II Study
Authors: Contreras Jessika A. , Spencer Christopher , DeWees Todd , Haughey Bruce , Henke Lauren E. , Chin Re-I , Paniello Randal , Rich Jason , Jackson Ryan , Oppelt Peter , Pipkorn Patrik , Zevallos Jose , Chernock Rebecca , Nussenbaum Brian , Daly Mackenzie , Gay Hiram , Adkins Douglas , Thorstad Wade 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE The volume treated with postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) is a mediator of toxicity, and reduced volumes result in improved quality of life (QOL). In this phase II trial, treatment volumes were reduced by omitting PORT to the pathologically negative (PN0) neck in patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgical resection and neck dissection with a PN0 neck and high-risk features mandating PORT to the primary and/or involved neck were eligible. The primary end point was greater than 90% disease control in the unirradiated neck. QOL was evaluated using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and the University of Michigan patient-reported xerostomia questionnaire. RESULTS Seventy-three patients were enrolled, and 72 were evaluable. Median age was 56 years (range, 31 to 81 years); 58 patients were male, and 47 (65%) had a smoking history. Sites included oral cavity (n = 14), oropharynx (n = 37), hypopharynx (n = 4), larynx (n = 16), and unknown primary tumor (n = 1). According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual (7th edition), 67 patients (93%) had stage III/IV disease, and 71% of tumors involved or crossed midline. No patient had contralateral neck PORT. In 17 patients (24%), only the primary site was treated. At a median follow-up of 53 months, two patients experienced treatment failure of the PN0 unirradiated neck; they also experienced treatment failure locally. Unirradiated neck control was 97% (95% CI, 93.4% to 100.0%). Five-year rates of local control, regional control, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 84%, 93%, 60%, and 64%, respectively. QOL measures were not significantly different from baseline at 12 and 24 months post-PORT ( P > .05). CONCLUSION Eliminating PORT to the PN0 neck resulted in excellent control rates in the unirradiated neck without long-term adverse effects on global QOL.
Clofarabine Can Replace Anthracyclines and Etoposide in Remission Induction Therapy for Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The AML08 Multicenter, Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Lacayo Norman J. , Inaba Hiroto , Heym Kenneth , Ribeiro Raul C. , Taub Jeffrey , McNeer Jennifer , Degar Barbara , Schiff Deborah , Yeoh Allen Eng-Juh , Coustan-Smith Elaine , Wang Lei , Triplett Brandon , Raimondi Susana C. , Klco Jeffery , Choi John , Pounds Stanley , Pui Ching-Hon 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE To identify effective and less toxic therapy for children with acute myeloid leukemia, we introduced clofarabine into the first course of remission induction to reduce exposure to daunorubicin and etoposide. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2008 through 2017, 285 patients were enrolled at eight centers; 262 were randomly assigned to receive clofarabine and cytarabine (Clo+AraC, n = 129) or high-dose cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide (HD-ADE, n = 133) as induction I. Induction II consisted of low-dose ADE given alone or combined with sorafenib or vorinostat. Consolidation therapy comprised two or three additional courses of chemotherapy or hematopoietic cell transplantation. Genetic abnormalities and the level of minimal residual disease (MRD) at day 22 of initial remission induction determined final risk classification. The primary end point was MRD at day 22. RESULTS Complete remission was induced after two courses of therapy in 263 (92.3%) of the 285 patients; induction failures included four early deaths and 15 cases of resistant leukemia. Day 22 MRD was positive in 57 of 121 randomly assigned evaluable patients (47%) who received Clo+AraC and 42 of 121 patients (35%) who received HD-ADE (odds ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.41; P = .04). Despite this result, the 3-year event-free survival rate (52.9% [44.6% to 62.8%] for Clo+AraC v 52.4% [44.0% to 62.4%] for HD-ADE, P = .94) and overall survival rate (74.8% [67.1% to 83.3%] for Clo+AraC v 64.6% [56.2% to 74.2%] for HD-ADE, P = .1) did not differ significantly across the two arms. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the use of clofarabine with cytarabine during remission induction might reduce the need for anthracycline and etoposide in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia and may reduce rates of cardiomyopathy and treatment-related cancer.
Application of Solid-State Vibrational Circular Dichroism for Intercalation Compounds of Layered Double Hydroxide and Amino Acids: Conformation of an Intercalated Phenylalanine
Authors: Sato Hisako , Takimoto Kazuyoshi , Kawamura Izuru , Aisawa Sumio 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Solid-state vibrational circular dichroism (SD-VCD) spectra were measured for the intercalation compounds of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and d- or l-phenylalanine (d- or l-Phe). The investigated LDH was composed of Zn(II) and Al(III) in 2:1 molar ratio. For comparison, the SD-VCD spectra were recorded for enantiopure crystalline samples of Phe. The measured spectra were analyzed with the help of a theoretical simulation calculated by the Gaussian16 program. It was concluded that Phe formed a tetramer in the crystalline state, forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds between –COO− and –NH3+ groups. In the intercalated states, the neighboring Phe molecules oriented vertically to the layer surface in an anti-parallel fashion, forming their –COO− groups hydrogen bonded individually with the OH groups on the surface of LDH. The results demonstrated the utility of the SD-VCD method for obtaining the detailed conformation of a molecule within an inorganic host.
Fatores condicionantes para a ocorrência de parasitoses entéricas de adolescentes
Authors: Nunes Marcela Oliveira , Rocha Thiago José Matos 
Published: June 2019

Objetivos: Neste trabalho, foram verificados os aspectos socioeconômicos, o conhecimento das principais doenças parasitárias, os fatores associados na transmissão e a profilaxia das principais verminoses humanas entre os estudantes de uma escola privada do município de Maceió-AL. Métodos: Para avaliar o conhecimento dos alunos, foi aplicado um questionário estruturado. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 100 adolescentes. 76% deles tinham o hábito de comer frutas, verduras e legumes crus; 52% não lavavam as mãos antes das refeições, e todos os alunos apontaram a presença de vetores, como baratas e moscas em suas residências. Com relação ao conhecimento das verminoses humanas, 63% afirmam não saber o que são parasitos intestinais; 78% informaram que já ouviram falar de algum tipo de verminoses (35% a esquistossomose, 78% ascaridíase, esquistossomose, ancilostomíase, enterobíase e teníase, e 63% responderam que a dificuldade em ganhar peso é uma suspeita de que esteja com verminoses). Conclusão: Concluiu-se, então, que é necessária a utilização de atividades educacionais quanto à higiene e as medidas profiláticas de educação em saúde.
The frequency of involvement of head & neck sites in referred otalgia – An experience at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Anwar Khurshid , Khan Shehryar , Shahabi Isteraj , Niazi Zenab Berches 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To determine the frequency of involvement of distant head & neck sites which share sensory innervations with the ear in referred otalgia.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, during the period from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017.*Non probability convenience sampling technique was used to include patients in the study. Patients with true ‘otogenic pain’ as determined on clinical examination or imaging studies were excluded from analysis. Only those who presented with referred ear ache were included in the study to determine the frequency of involvement of distant head & neck sites in ‘referred otalgia’. Otalgia was designated as “Unknown Origin” when the ear and distant sites too were found normal.
Results: Out of a total of 150 patients, there were 81(54%) males and 69(46%) females. The ages ranged from 5 to 66 years with a mean age of 29.15 years. The commonest age groups involved were 21-35 years and 36-55 years. Referred otalgia of tonsillar origin was found in 47(31.3%) of patients followed by that of dental origin in 35(23.3%). Otalgia due to pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis and cervical origin was 24(16%), 8(5.3%) and 6(4%) respectively. Otalgia due to temporomandibular joint was noted in 12(8%) of females and 3(2%) of males & that of “unknown origin” affected 5(3.33%) of females and 2(1.3%) of males.
Conclusions: The ear should be examined in detail in patients presenting with earache to look for indigenous pathology. In the presence of a ‘Normal Ear’, it is important to examine the tonsils, teeth, pharynx and the nose & paranasal sinuses as the possible sites of origin of earache.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.236
How to cite this:Anwar K, Khan S, Shahabi I, Niazi ZB. The frequency of involvement of head & neck sites in referred otalgia – An experience at a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1138-1142. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.236
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CATEGORIA CAPITAL PORTADOR DE JUROS
Authors: Melo Ricardo Pereira de 
Published: June 2019

O objetivo desse artigo é desenvolver a exposição dialética de Marx sobre o capital portador de juros e descobrir as potencialidades dessa categoria para compreender as relações fetichizadas do modo de produção capitalista. Para isso, pretende-se acompanhar a léxis de Marx sobre o desenvolvimento do capital e do juro que está presente nos capítulos XXI, XXII e XXIII da seção V do Livro III de O Capital. A seção V, como o próprio Engels afirma, foi a parte mais difícil de organizar e editar, pois muitos textos estavam inacabados e os capítulos não possuíam uma ordem expositiva clara. Dessa forma, o artigo busca organizar uma propostade apresentação de leitura desses capítulos de O Capital.