bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Law: “Something He and His People Naturally Would Be Drawn To”: The Reagan Administration and the Law‐and‐Economics Movement
Authors: Baumgardner Paul 
Published: October 2019

In order to better understand the growth of modern conservatism within the United States, scholars of American political development increasingly have set their sights on the 1980s and the Reagan Revolution. But key questions still remain about the part played by President Ronald Reagan's administration during this period of legal transformation. Additionally, political scientists have given short shrift to the legal ideas and idea makers that grew in prominence during the Reagan Revolution. This article connects these two loose strands through an exploration of the relationship fostered between the Reagan administration and the law‐and‐economics movement. Archival records and interview materials reveal the mutually beneficial nature of this relationship, which shaped both the legal academy and the federal government.
Effect of n‐3 PUFA‐rich fish oil supplementation during late gestation on kidding, uterine involution and resumption of follicular activity in goat
Authors: Yadav Dushyant , Singh Amit Kumar , Kumar Brijesh , Mahla Ajit Singh , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Patra Manas Kumar , Kumar Harendra , Kumar Sachin , Tyagi Bhawna , Verma Med Ram , Krishnaswamy Narayanan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe have shown that dietary supplementation of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 PUFA)‐rich fish oil (FO) around the breeding time improved the utero‐ovarian functions in the goat. Here, we investigated the effect of FO supplementation during the periparturient period on serum n‐3 PUFA, prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM), placental expulsion, uterine involution, resumption of oestrus and neonatal vigour. Rohilkhandi goat in advanced gestation (n = 16) was divided into two equal groups. One group was supplemented with FO containing 26% n‐3 long‐chain PUFA at the rate of 156 mg per kg body weight, while the control group was fed isocaloric palm oil (PO) from −3 to +3 week of kidding. Dietary FO increased serum concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by 7.3‐ and 6.6‐fold, respectively, after 6 weeks of supplementation. Goats in FO group expelled the foetal membranes 99.1 min earlier (p < .01) than those of PO group. Further, dietary FO significantly decreased the serum PGFM on day 7 post‐partum. However, no difference was found on uterine involution, which was complete by day 20 post‐partum in either group. Resumption of follicular activity by day 5 post‐partum was 87.5% in the FO as compared to 25% in the PO group (p < .05). Similarly, occurrence of behavioural oestrus by day 90 post‐partum was 57.1% in goats of the FO group while none of does was in the PO group (p < .01) expressed oestrus. It was concluded that feeding FO‐rich diet during −3 to +3 weeks of kidding decreased the PGFM till day 7 post‐partum, hastened the expulsion of foetal membranes and reduced the time from kidding to first post‐partum oestrus in Rohilkhandi does.
Antagonism of the interleukin 4 receptor α promotes TH1‐signalling among T cells from patients with atopic dermatitis after stimulation
Authors: Brøgger Peter , Blom Lars H. , Simonsen Stine , Thyssen Jacob P. , Skov Lone 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Molecular characterization of AD shows an underlying inflammation with tissue infiltration of T helper (TH) 2 cells and increased IL‐4 and IL‐13. The multifaceted roles of IL‐4 and IL‐13 in allergic disease development make IL‐4Rα an attractive target for treatment strategies, and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody which antagonizes the effects of both IL‐4 and IL‐13 by blocking the interaction site found in the IL‐4 receptor subunit α (IL‐4Rα) has been successfully used to treat patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD. To elucidate the effects of IL‐4Rα blockade on the cellular level, we used flow cytometry to examine cytokine production after antigen stimulation in human T cells from patients with AD (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 6). The cells were stimulated with and without a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL‐4Rα. Our results indicate that blocking IL‐4Rα prohibits IL‐4 signalling and IL‐13 signalling and thereby TH2 differentiation followed by an upregulation of interferon‐γ‐producing cells.
Co‐seismic deformation and post‐glacial slip rate along the Magallanes‐Fagnano fault, Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: Roy Sandrine , Vassallo Riccardo , Martinod Joseph , Ghiglione Matías C. , Sue Christian , Allemand Pascal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcross the extreme south of Patagonia, the Magallanes‐Fagnano Fault (MFF) accommodates the left‐lateral relative motion between South America and Scotia plates. In this paper, we present an updated view of the geometry of the eastern portion of the MFF outcropping in Tierra del Fuego. We subdivide the MFF in eight segments on the basis of their deformation styles, using field mapping and interpretation of high‐resolution imagery. We quantify coseismic ruptures of the strongest recorded 1949, Mw7.5 earthquake, and determine its eastern termination. We recognize several co‐seismic offsets in man‐made features showing a sinistral shift up to 6.5 m, greater than previously estimated. Using 10Be cosmogenic nuclides depth profiles, we date a cumulated offset in post‐glacial morphologies and estimate the long‐term slip rate of the eastern MFF. We quantify a 6.4 ± 0.9 mm/a left‐lateral fault slip rate, which overlaps geodetic velocity and suggests stable fault behaviour since Pleistocene.
Sulfonamide desensitization in solid organ transplant recipients: A protocol‐driven approach during the index transplant hospitalization
Authors: Pryor Joseph B. , Olyaei Ali J. , Kirsch Denise , Strasfeld Lynne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTrimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is the first‐line agent for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis for solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients because of its efficacy for this indication, extended antimicrobial coverage, and favorable cost. Reported sulfonamide allergy is not uncommon and often results in TMP‐SMX avoidance. Desensitization offers an efficacious and cost‐effective alternative to TMP‐SMX avoidance. Herein, we reviewed our experience with desensitization during the index transplant hospitalization among 52 SOT recipients with history of a non‐anaphylactic sulfonamide allergy. Of those enrolled in the desensitization protocol, 92% (48/52) completed the protocol, with nearly 80% (41/52) still on TMP‐SMX at 3 months without adverse reaction. Eleven patients discontinued TMP‐SMX (7 for allergic reactions and 4 for non‐allergic reasons) and switched to pentamidine. A cost savings of $575 per desensitization was calculated based on annual wholesale drug prices, for a total savings of $23 575. Additionally, the protocol did not delay discharge in any patient nor was it associated with any severe allergic reactions. These findings suggest TMP‐SMX desensitization is safe and effective in SOT recipients with a history of non‐anaphylactic, non‐life‐threatening sulfonamide hypersensitivity.
DWELLING FACTORS EFFECT ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Authors: Suleiman Jibrin Hassan , Balubaid Saeed , Zakari Nasiru Mohammed , Ituma Egba Ernest 
Published: October 2019

Most of the developing countries experience rapid urbanization and population growth, Malaysia is among these countries as the population and the energy consumption in the country tremendously increased over the last few decades. A major challenge is the rate of energy consumption in the country is tremendous going higher which is a threat as the country was listed 26th out of the 30 top greenhouse emitters in the world. A survey was conducted on the ways occupants’ consumes energy in their residential buildings in relation to dwelling factors in the State of Johor Malaysia. Energy consumption of the residential owners was assessed using drop and pick self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaires were answered by each household heads. Air conditioning system, refrigeration system, kitchen appliances, bathroom and laundry appliances, lighting appliances as well as other home appliances was considered in the survey. Correlation analysis was used using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the results. The finding shows a positive relationship between dwelling factors. r ≥ 0.3 and above between dwelling factors and residential building energy consumption.
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE IN MALAYSIA’S LISTED PROPERTY COMPANIES
Authors: Ufere Kalu Joseph , Godwin Uche Aliagha , Alias Buang , Joachim Onuoha Iheanyichukwu 
Published: October 2019

Climate change mitigation is a challenge faced by most nations of the world. The task is even more challenging in Malaysia considering the occurrence of sequence of floods within the past and the need to be a part of the developed economy by 2020 which needs environment protection. This paper examines the state of climate change mitigation and the practice of voluntary carbon disclosure in sustainable development practice among listed Property companies in Malaysia. Consequently the paper analyses policies and programs on-going in Malaysia to create an enabling environment for the implementation of climate change mitigation. From the studies, it can argued that Malaysia has made significant progress in setting up legal framework for the implementation of climate change mitigation and voluntary environmental disclosure, but critical mass is yet to be achieved. This was achieved as a function of Malaysia’s membership to United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and ratifying the Kyoto Protocol and also participates in the Clean Development Mechanism; and further establishes nationwide ecological protection laws which are implemented in the government’s Development Plans and development industry master plan. Lastly, the impetus given to the free market sector to be participants in mitigation through the Bursa Malaysia listing requirement that specifies corporate social responsibility reporting as part of the annual reports, with measurement, disclosure and management of emission integral part. The review allows us to infer that the Malaysia voluntary environmental disclosure and climate change mitigation practice in the property sector has made initial progress but there is need for more market driven motivation to be introduced so that more companies especially those in carbon-intensive practice would be involved.
APPRAISAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (MSWM) IN JIMETA-YOLA ADAMAWA STATE OF NIGERIA: THE NEED FOR INNOVATIVE, PPP STRATEGIES
Authors: Liman Aminu , Ngah Ibrahim 
Published: October 2019

This study try to investigate rates of generation, of municipal solid waste (MSW) in different constituencies of Jimeta-Yola, and examine the strategies use for solid waste management in the metropolis., Over the recent times Jimeta-Yola has witness an influx of population due to the increased in urbanisation and this had led to increase in consumption of goods and services with consequence increased in rate of generation (MSW) of municipal solid waste .The research used quantitative research techniques to evaluate data on solid waste generation rates in Jimeta. The findings revealed that the waste generation rate varies according to the constituencies ranging. Between, 0.42- 0.78/capita/days cutting across low, medium and high density wards. The analysis of waste management profile in the study area shows, there is inadequate management of municipal solid waste in the metropolis. This paper implies evaluation of the generation rates of municipal solid wastes (MSW) as the basic tool in planning for improve management of solid waste in the Metropolis, with balancing the aim of privatizing of solid waste management, sustainability in service coverage and recycling the solid waste into energy generation.
NEGATIVE IMAGINARY THEOREM WITH AN APPLICATION TO ROBUST CONTROL OF A CRANE SYSTEM
Authors: M. Abdullahi Auwalu , Mohamed Z. , Zainal Abidin M. S. , Akmeliawati R. , Husain A. R. , A. Bature Amir , Haruna Ado 
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an integral sliding mode (ISM) control for a case of negative imaginary (NI) systems. A gantry crane system (GCS) is considered in this work. ISM is a nonlinear control method introducing significant properties of precision, robustness, stress-free tuning and implementation. The GCS model considered in this work is derived based on the x direction and sway motion of the payload. The GCS is a negative imaginary (NI) system with a single pole at the origin. ISM consist of two blocks; the inner block made up of a pole placement controller (NI controller), designed using linear matrix inequality for robustness and outer block made up of sliding mode control to reject disturbances. The ISM is designed to control position tracking and anti-swing payload motion. The robustness of the control scheme is tested with an input disturbance of a sine wave signal. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the control scheme.
INVESTIGATION ON THE DEGRADATION BEHAVIOR OF CREEPAGE DISCHARGE ON PRESSBOARD IMMERSED IN PALM FATTY ACID ESTER (PFAE) OIL
Authors: Othman Nur Amirah , Zainuddin Hidayat , Aman Aminudin , Ghani Sharin Abd , Ahmad Khiar Mohd Shahril , Chairul Imran Sutan , Talib Mohd Aizam 
Published: October 2019

Creepage discharge at the oil-pressboard interface is known as the development of a conducting path which is characterized by white and carbonized marks. This phenomenon tends to cause damage on the cellulose pressboard insulation which is subsequently promote to the catastrophic failure of a transformer. One of major defects that may cause the creepage discharge to occur along the pressboard surface is an excessive moisture content in pressboard insulation. Previously, there is an extensive research concerning the effect of moisture content in pressboard on the degradation of creepage discharge at mineral oil-pressboard interface. However, none has been found on the study of the effect of moisture content in pressboard on creepage discharge using ester oil. Therefore, this paper attempts to present the investigation on the degradation behavior of creepage discharge at Palm Fatty Acid Ester (PFAE) oil-pressboard interface by using a needle-bar electrode configuration under a constant AC voltage. Dry and wet pressboard samples (moisture content of 3 %) are used in this experiment to differentiate the degradation behavior. The development of creepage discharge is analyzed by correlating the visual records of creepage discharge and phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) pattern. An unexpected result has been found that the number of partial discharges (PDs) for wet pressboard is lower than the dry one as the formation of white mark with bush-like pattern is observed. Eventually, as the white mark is seen about halfway of the gap distance, the PDs number for wet pressboard sample significantly dropped, i.e. by 99 % compared to the dry board which is only 38 %. Variations in the PRPD data is due to constructive and destructive superpositions of electric field. The results suggest that the destructive effect is higher on the wet pressboard compared to the dry one.
Flutter in Started and Unstarted Transonic Linear Cascades: Simultaneous Measurements of Unsteady Loads and Shock Dynamics
Authors: Jutur Prahallada , Govardhan Raghuraman N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present work, we report on an experimental study of bending/flap mode flutter of a blade within a linear cascade at transonic conditions. Driven by the motivation to understand the contribution of shock location/dynamics to flutter characteristics, we have performed simultaneous measurements of shock dynamics using high-speed shadowgraphy combined with unsteady load measurements on an oscillating blade within the cascade. The flutter characteristics in terms of energy transfer from the fluid to the blade and shock dynamics have been mapped out over a range of blade oscillation frequencies and static pressure ratios (SPRs) across the cascade, the latter being important as they decide the mean location of the passage shocks. SPR values studied include both conditions where the shock is within the passage (started cascade) and where the passage shock is pushed ahead of the leading edge of the blades (unstarted cascade). These measurements show characteristically different flutter behavior for an unstarted cascade compared with a started cascade, the former having received very little attention in the literature. While both these cases show small excitation levels at low reduced frequencies, the unstarted cascade case exhibits an additional relative narrow region of excitation at higher reduced frequencies with approximately an order of magnitude higher excitation energies. Comparison of the shock dynamics between the two excitation regimes shows significant differences in the phase of the leading edge shock in addition to changes in the suction side shock phase indicating that the two excitation regimes are of different origin.
Numerical Simulation of Siphon Breaker Systems for Open-Type Research Reactors
Authors: Ramajo Damian E. , Corzo Santiago F. , Nigro Norberto M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Pohang University of Science and Technology facility (POSTECH) experiments to mimic the siphon breaker system (SBS) of an open-type nuclear research reactor were simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Two siphon breaker lines (SBL) and one siphon breaker hole (SBH) designs were solved with the open field operation and manipulation code (openfoam). The air–water system was solved using the volume of fluid (VOF) method, and the turbulence was modeled by means of the standard k–ϵ model. The pool drainage by siphonage was captured and the siphon break phenomena due to the entrance of air through the SBS were captured. The velocity and pressure fields in the main line were analyzed in depth. The pool undershooting height (hun) as well as the flow rate through the main line were quite well estimated without the need of introduce any fitting parameter in the computational model.
Speed Simulation of Hydraulic Automatic Speed-Controlled Pipeline Inspection Gauge in Liquid Pipelines
Authors: Tu Qing , Liu Qingyou , Ji Shouhong , Ren Tao , Li Yujia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) is an effective device for pipeline cleaning and inspection. Furthermore, a speed-controlled PIG can adjust speed by controlling the bypass valve. The conventional-speed controlled PIG uses batteries as an energy source to adjust the bypass valve. Battery power and other electronic equipment will limit running distance and cause a potential security risk. In this paper, a PIG with a hydraulic automatic control system is presented. The kinematic model of the PIG in the liquid pipeline is obtained by studying the hydraulic automatic control system and PIG movement mechanism with a bypass valve. A numerical method was used to solve the PIG's kinematic model. Through parameter sensitivity analysis, the influence law of each parameter on the entire system is obtained. The case study was conducted by a numerical method, which confirmed that the hydraulic automatically controlled PIG has speed control ability. Compared with a PIG without the speed control system, the hydraulic automatic speed-controlled PIG has better motion performance in the fluctuating pipeline.
Inverse Approach Using Bio-Inspired Algorithm Within Bayesian Framework for the Estimation of Heat Transfer Coefficients During Solidification of Casting
Authors: Vishweshwara P. S. , Gnanasekaran N. , Arun M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In any parameter estimation problem, it is desirable to obtain more information in one single experiment. However, it is difficult to achieve multiple objectives in one single experiment. The work presented in this paper is the simultaneous estimation of heat transfer coefficient parameters, latent heat, and modeling error during the solidification of Al–4.5 wt %Cu alloy with the aid of Bayesian framework as an objective function that harmoniously matches the mathematical model and measurements. A 1D transient solidification problem is considered to be the mathematical model/forward model and numerically solved to obtain temperature distribution for the known boundary and initial conditions. Genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used as an inverse approach and the estimation of unknown parameters is accomplished for both pure and noisy temperature data. The use of Bayesian framework for the estimation of unknown parameters not only provides the information about the uncertainties associated with the estimates but also there is an inherent regularization term in which the inverse problem boils down to well-posed problem thereby plethora of information is extracted with less number of measurements. Finally, the results of this work open up new prospects for the solidification problem so as to obtain a feasible solution with the present approach.
Effect of Fin Structure on the Condensation of R-134a, R-1234ze(E), and R-1233zd(E) Outside the Titanium Tubes
Authors: Ji Wen-Tao , Mao Shuai-Feng , Chong Guo-Hun , Zhao Chuang-Yao , Zhang Hu , Tao Wen-Quan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to test the effect of fin structure on the condensing heat transfer of refrigerants outside the low thermal conductivity tubes, condensation of R-134a, R-1234ze(E), and R-1233zd(E) on two enhanced titanium tubes were experimentally investigated. The two tubes have basically the same fin density while the fin structures are different. One tube is a typical low-fin (two-dimensional, 2D), and the other is a three-dimensional (3D) finned tube. In experiment heat flux was in the range of 10–80 kW·m−2. It was found that at higher heat flux, the condensing heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of 3D-finned tubes was apparently lower than that of 2D-enhanced tubes. The condensing HTC of R-134a for the two tubes was the highest. R-1233zd(E) was the lowest. It was shown from experimental results that the condensing HTC for R-1233zd(E) was notably affected by the change of saturation temperature outside the 3D-enhanced tube, but was less affected by the 2D fin structures.
A Game-Theoretic Approach for Defending Cyber-Physical Systems From Observability Attacks
Authors: Maccarone Lee T. , Cole Daniel G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cyber-physical systems are engineered systems that rely on the integration of physical processes and computational resources. While this integration enables advanced techniques for monitoring and controlling systems, it also exposes the physical process to cyber-threats. An attacker who is able to access control inputs and mask measurements could damage the system while remaining undetected. By masking certain measurement signals, an attacker may be able to render a portion of the state space unobservable, meaning that it is impossible to estimate or infer the value of those states. This is called an observability attack. A game-theoretic approach is presented to analyze observability attacks. The attacker's strategy set includes all possible combinations of masked measurements. The defender's strategy set includes all possible combinations of measurement reinforcements. The attacker's and defender's utilities are quantified using the responses of the observable and unobservable states. The observability attack game is analyzed for a nuclear balance of plant system. Multiple pure-strategy and mixed-strategy Nash equilibria are identified, and the conditions for their existence are presented. Using this procedure, a security and control engineer can select the optimal strategy to defend a cyber-physical system from observability attacks.