bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iranian Jewish Aliyah in 1951: An Historical Analysis of Iranian Jewish Emigration to Israel
Authors: Cecolin Alessandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBefore arriving in Israel in the 1950s, Iranian Jews were exposed to a process of selection that created socio‐cultural divisions among its members. Zionist visions clashed with the socio‐political conditions of both Iranian Jews and Israeli emissaries. This had already started in Iran with the organization of the Iranian Jews' emigration in the 1950s. This article analyzes how political, cultural, and socio‐economic factors profoundly affected the emigration of Iranian Jews to Israel in this period.
Variable, but not free‐weight, resistance back squat exercise potentiates jump performance following a comprehensive task‐specific warm‐up
Authors: Mina Minas A. , Blazevich Anthony J. , Tsatalas Themistoklis , Giakas Giannis , Seitz Laurent B. , Kay Anthony D. 
Published: November 2018

Studies examining acute, high‐speed movement performance enhancement following intense muscular contractions (frequently called “post‐activation potentiation”; PAP) often impose a limited warm‐up, compromizing external validity. In the present study, the effects on countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) performance of back squat exercises performed with or without elastic bands during warm‐up were compared. After familiarization, fifteen active men visited the laboratory on two occasions under randomized, counterbalanced experimental squat warm‐up conditions: (a) free‐weight resistance (FWR) and (b) variable resistance (VR). After completing a comprehensive task‐specific warm‐up, three maximal CMJs were performed followed by three back squat repetitions completed at 85% of 1‐RM using either FWR or VR Three CMJs were then performed 30 seconds, 4 minutes, 8 minutes, and 12 minutes later. During CMJ trials, hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics, ground reaction force data and vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and gluteus maximus electromyograms (EMG) were recorded simultaneously using 3D motion analysis, force platform, and EMG techniques, respectively. No change in any variable occurred after FWR (P > 0.05). Significant increases (P < 0.05) were detected at all time points following VR in CMJ height (5.3%‐6.5%), peak power (4.4%‐5.9%), rate of force development (12.9%‐19.1%), peak concentric knee angular velocity (3.1%‐4.1%), and mean concentric vastus lateralis EMG activity (27.5%‐33.4%). The lack of effect of the free‐weight conditioning contractions suggests that the comprehensive task‐specific warm‐up routine mitigated any further performance augmentation. However, the improved CMJ performance following the use of elastic bands is indicative that specific alterations in force‐time properties of warm‐up exercises may further improve performance.
Donor‐type fresh frozen plasma is effective in preventing hemolytic reaction in major ABO incompatible allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: Quek Jeffrey , Lee Jing Jing , Lim Francesca Lorraine , Diong Colin , Goh Yeow Tee , Gopalakrishnan Sathish , Ho Aloysius , Hwang William , Koh Mickey , Loh Yvonne , Linn Yeh Ching 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDHemolysis at the time of graft infusion is one of the immediate complications in major ABO‐incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs). We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the efficacy of donor‐type fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in reducing isohemagglutinin titer and preventing hemolysis, as well as its effect on delayed red cell engraftment.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a single‐center study on a series of 380 allogeneic HSCT between 2005 and 2015; of which 99 were either major (n = 74) or bidirectional (n = 25) ABO mismatched. Pre‐transplant infusion of FFP, post‐transplant complications and transfusion requirements were determined by retrospective review of individual medical records. Laboratory results were also reviewed for evidence of hemolysis and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA).RESULTSClinical manifestation of hemolysis attributable to ABO mismatch was present in one recipient of major ABO‐incompatible peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) with a titer of 64. Another recipient of major ABO‐incompatible PBSC with a titer of 64 showed biochemical evidence of hemolysis. Both patients recovered with supportive treatment. Hemolysis did not occur in any patients with titer of 32 or less at the time of stem cell infusion. We were unable to demonstrate the influence of any variables on the incidence of PRCA.CONCLUSIONOur experience demonstrated that donor‐type FFP is safe and effective in preventing acute hemolysis in major ABO‐mismatched HSCT. We have also established the titer of 64 as the threshold that may cause hemolysis and therefore efforts should be made to reduce titer to below this level.
Spins of prime ideals and the negative Pell equation
Authors: Koymans P. , Milovic D. Z. 
Published: November 2018

Let$p\equiv 1\hspace{0.2em}{\rm mod}\hspace{0.2em}4$be a prime number. We use a number field variant of Vinogradov’s method to prove density results about the following four arithmetic invariants: (i) $16$-rank of the class group$\text{Cl}(-4p)$of the imaginary quadratic number field$\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-4p})$; (ii) $8$-rank of the ordinary class group$\text{Cl}(8p)$of the real quadratic field$\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{8p})$; (iii) the solvability of the negative Pell equation$x^{2}-2py^{2}=-1$over the integers; (iv) $2$-part of the Tate–Šafarevič group$\unicode[STIX]{x0428}(E_{p})$of the congruent number elliptic curve$E_{p}:y^{2}=x^{3}-p^{2}x$. Our results are conditional on a standard conjecture about short character sums.
Evidence of high 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the dorsocervical area in young adults
Authors: Martinez‐Tellez Borja , Sanchez‐Delgado Guillermo , Alcantara Juan M. A. , Acosta Francisco M. , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. , Osuna‐Prieto Francisco J. , Perez‐Bey Alejandro , Jimenez‐Pavon David , Llamas‐Elvira Jose M. , Gil Angel , Aguilera Concepcion M. , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Ruiz Jonatan R. 
Published: November 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
In some studies, biopsies have been performed of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the abdomen, and they failed to find browning markers. Is the abdomen the right place to take biopsies?

What is the main finding and its importance?
For first time, we observed that the glucose uptake in the dorsocervical subcutaneous adipose tissue is higher in comparison to other areas of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

AbstractNeonates have subcutaneous brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the dorsocervical area, and it is thought that these depots gradually disappear with age. Here, we determined that young adults have high 18F‐flurodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) uptake in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of the dorsocervical area. A total of 133 young adults (age 22 ± 2 years; body mass index 25 ± 5 kg m2) were included in the study. We performed a shivering threshold test for every participant. Later, we performed 2 h of personalized cold exposure, immediately before a positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan. We showed that 23 of 133 participants had 18F‐FDG uptake in the dorsocervical area that achieved the criteria to be considered BAT, mainly in women (96%, n = 22 of 23). In the whole sample, the glucose uptake in the SAT of the dorsocervical area was positively correlated with BAT volume and activity located in the supraclavicular area. We showed that the 18F‐FDG uptake of the SAT of the dorsocervical area in humans is different from that of other SAT areas. Future studies are warranted to confirm the brown signature of this tissue.
THE EFFECT OF TiN, TiAlN, CrAlN, AND TiAlN/TiSiN COATINGS ON THE WEAR PROPERTIES OF AISI H13 STEEL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Authors: KARA LEVENT , ASL HOJJAT GAHRAMANZADE , KARADAYI ÖZCAN 
Published: November 2018

TiN, TiAlN, CrAlN and TiAlN/TiSiN films were deposited on AISI H13 hot work steel substrate by cathodic arc evaporation method. Each coating was optimized in laboratory conditions and the highest hardness and wear resistance coatings were taken into consideration for this study. Morphological properties, chemical compositions, crystallographic structure, nano hardness and adhesion strength of coatings were analyzed with SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD, nano indentation and scratch resistance tester. Wear experiments were performed using ball-on-disk tribometer against Al2O3 ball of 6[Formula: see text]mm diameter and wear volume of coatings were measured using optical profilometer. Wear experimental results revealed that all coated samples showed higher wear resistance and hardness than uncoated AISI H13 steel substrate. The highest wear and scratch resistances as well as nano hardness were attained for CrAlN coating. TiAlN coating has the lowest scratch resistance and wear resistance. Adhesive wear mechanism was the dominant wear mechanism for CrAlN coatings which is the highest wear resistant coating. Abrasive wear mechanism was the dominant wear mechanism for TiAlN coatings which is the lowest wear resistant coating.
Ungovernable? Indigenous Campesino Resistance to Land Grabbing in Guatemala’s Polochic Valley
Authors: Konforti Lazar 
Published: November 2018

A decade after buying up large swaths of land in Guatemala’s Polochic Valley, the Chabil Utzaj sugarcane plantation was forced to cease operations because of local resistance led by indigenous Q’eqchi’ campesinos. Situating the conflict within broader trajectories of agrarian and political change brought about by globalization in Guatemala shows how campesino groups have had to navigate a neoliberal political arena that disciplines their discourses and practices and limits their achievements. Campesinos’ success to date has rested on partially subverting neoliberal institutions and prescribed practices, thus making new territories coveted by capital ungovernable and therefore less desirable. While most of the lands previously under sugarcane cultivation are currently occupied by organized campesino groups, their control of those lands is very precarious without property titles. The conflict is not yet over, and its long-term impact on livelihoods and trajectories of agrarian change remains uncertain. Una década después de comprar grandes franjas de tierra en el Valle Polochic de Guatemala, la plantación de caña de azúcar Chabil Utzaj se vio obligada a cesar sus operaciones debido a la resistencia local liderada por los campesinos indígenas Q’eqchi. Situar el conflicto dentro de trayectorias más amplias de cambios agrarios y políticos provocados por la globalización en Guatemala muestra cómo los grupos campesinos han tenido que navegar por una arena política neoliberal que disciplina sus discursos y prácticas y limita sus logros. El éxito de campesinos hasta la fecha se ha basado en subvertir parcialmente las instituciones neoliberales y las prácticas prohibidas, haciendo que los nuevos territorios codiciados por el capital sean ingobernables y, por lo tanto, menos deseables. Si bien la mayoría de las tierras anteriormente cultivadas con caña de azúcar están actualmente ocupadas por grupos campesinos organizados, su control de esas tierras es muy precario sin títulos de propiedad. El conflicto aún no ha terminado, y su impacto a largo plazo en la manera de ganarse la vida y las trayectorias del cambio agrario sigue siendo incierto.
Financialization, Institutional Reform, and Structural Change in the Bolivian Boom (2006–2014)
Authors: Macías Vázquez Alfredo , García-Arias Jorge 
Published: November 2018

Since nationalizing its hydrocarbon industry, Bolivia has articulated an ambitious strategy to promote structural change in its economy. Despite positive trends in macroeconomic indicators, the increase in fiscal revenues derived from the export of raw materials has not translated into structural transformation. Although the Bolivian government has broken with classical extractivism, nationalization and state intervention have not been sufficient to produce changes. The institutional control imposed on hydrocarbon revenue by financialization inhibits structural change and threatens the long-term sustainability of recent improvements in social indicators. Después de nacionalizar su industria de hidrocarburos, Bolivia ha articulado una estrategia ambiciosa para promover el cambio estructural en su economía. A pesar de las tendencias positivas en los indicadores macroeconómicos, el aumento en los ingresos fiscales derivados de la exportación de materias primas no se ha traducido en una transformación estructural. Aunque el gobierno boliviano ha roto con el extractivismo clásico, la nacionalización y la intervención estatal no han sido suficientes para producir cambios. El control institucional impuesto a los ingresos de hidrocarburos por la financiarización inhibe el cambio estructural y amenaza la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de las mejoras recientes en los indicadores sociales.
Patient-reported outcomes of endovenous superficial venous ablation for lower extremity swelling
Authors: Shutze William , Shutze Ryan , Dhot Paul , Ogola Gerald O 
Published: November 2018

Objective To evaluate the effect of endovenous ablation in patients presenting with leg swelling. Methods We identified Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, Pathophysiology (CEAP) clinical class 3 (C3) patients undergoing endovenous ablation from 21 January 2005 to 19 March 2015 with an 810-nm or 1470-nm laser. Patients were surveyed regarding the degree of edema, use of compression stockings, and satisfaction with the procedure. Results A total of 1634 limbs were treated by endovenous ablation for incompetent saphenous veins with or without adjunctive segmental varicose vein microphlebectomy. Of these, 528 limbs were treated for CEAP C3. The average time period from the procedure date until the survey date was 1494 days (range, 562–2795 days). Ninety-two respondents accounted for 130 ablations in 128 limbs with an average venous segmental disease score of 2.7. Ninety-seven limbs (75.8%) had reduced or resolved swelling, 29 limbs (22.6%) were unchanged, and 2 limbs (1.6%) had increased swelling. The vast majority (81%) were satisfied with their decision to have the procedure. Conclusions Endovenous ablation for edema secondary to superficial venous insufficiency is effective and has high patient satisfaction. Further investigation is needed regarding risk factors for immediate failure and delayed recurrence of edema.
Results of Peroneal Tendoscopy With a Technical Modification
Authors: Urguden Mustafa , Gulten Ismail Ayder , Civan Osman , Bilbasar Hakan , Kaptan Cagri , Cavit Ali 
Published: November 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of tendoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of peroneal tendon (PT) pathologies, and to evaluate the results of our technical modification. Methods: Twenty ankles of 18 patients with retrofibular pain, operated on between 2006 and 2012, were included in this study. Peroneal tendoscopy was performed diagnostically for the patients who were diagnosed as having “peroneal tendinopathy” with physical examination, x-ray, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After being diagnosed by peroneal tendoscopy, patients were definitively treated with either tendoscopy or open surgery. Results: Thirteen of 20 ankles had accompanying ankle pathology with PT pathology, and the other 7 ankles had no concomitant pathology. We detected peroneal tenosynovitis (PTS) in 13 patients, PT tear in 7 patients, and vincula thickening in 1 patient. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was 76 preoperatively, and after 2 years’ follow-up the AOFAS score was 96. Conclusion: Tendoscopy is a useful method for the diagnosis and treatment of PT pathologies. The patients with clinical suspicion of PT pathology were treated or diagnosed by peroneal tendoscopy with our technical modification. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Aortic Thrombosis in a Patient With Malignant Disease: A Literature Review and Case Presentation
Authors: Arima Takahiro , Muroya Ken , Kawamoto Ken , Koba Yuji , Omura Takashi 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Aortic mural thrombosis associated with a malignant disease is rare, and whether anticoagulation therapy or surgical treatment is the more definitive primary treatment remains uncertain. This study aims to determine the best treatment strategy for aortic thrombosis in a patient with a malignant disease. Methods: We reviewed medical literature using the PubMed database and present a case of aortic thrombosis due to a hypercoagulable state related to sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma. Results: Of the 18 patients from 14 articles included in this study, 13 received simple anticoagulation as a primary treatment (anticoagulation group), while 5 underwent surgical treatment (surgical treatment group). Recurrence or exacerbation of embolism was found in 2 (15.4%) of the 13 patients and in 1 (20.0%) of the 5 patients ( P = 1.0). Major complications were observed in 1 (7.7%) of the patients in the anticoagulation group and in 1 (20.0%) of the 5 patients in the surgical treatment group ( P = .49). No significant differences between the groups were found. Conclusions: A simple anticoagulation therapy may be as effective as surgical treatment in patients with aortic thrombosis associated with malignancy.
Imaging of combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis and risk of false diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sagrini Elisabetta , Iavarone Massimo , Stefanini Federico , Tovoli Francesco , Vavassori Sara , Maggioni Marco , Renzulli Matteo , Salvatore Veronica , Stefanescu Horia , Colombo Massimo , Bolondi Luigi , Piscaglia Fabio 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundDiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma can be achieved by imaging in cirrhotic patients. Combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma is a primary liver tumor and its imaging patterns have been poorly investigated. Misdiagnosis for either hepatocellular carcinoma or benign lesions can occur. We aimed to evaluate the enhancement pattern of combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis with imaging techniques and to estimate the risk of misdiagnosis for hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsAll histology‐confirmed combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis seen in two Italian centers between 2003 and 2016, in which at least one imaging technique had been performed, was retrospectively collected. The enhancement pattern was analyzed for all available imaging modalities.ResultsA total of 37 combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma nodules were identified. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging had been performed in 27, 34, and 17 nodules, respectively. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound was at higher risk of misdiagnosis for pure hepatocellular carcinoma than computed tomography (p = 0.005) or magnetic resonance imaging (p = 0.040). Only six of 24 combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma lesions submitted to both contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and computed tomography showed coincident patterns; contrast‐enhanced ultrasound correctly suggested a condition of malignancy in a higher number of cases than computed tomography (p < 0.001) and magnetic resonance imaging (p = 0.002).ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced ultrasound misdiagnosed a higher number of combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma as hepatocellular carcinoma than computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, the latter techniques were able to identify features of malignancy less often.
High Fidelity Microsurgical Simulation: The Thiel Model and Evaluation Instrument
Authors: Odobescu Andrei , Goodwin Isak , Berbiche Djamal , BouMerhi Joseph , Harris Patrick G. , Danino Michel A. 
Published: November 2018

Background: The Thiel embalmment method has recently been used in a number of medical simulation fields. The authors investigate the use of Thiel vessels as a high fidelity model for microvascular simulation and propose a new checklist-based evaluation instrument for microsurgical training. Methods: Thirteen residents and 2 attending microsurgeons performed video recorded microvascular anastomoses on Thiel embalmed arteries that were evaluated using a new evaluation instrument (Microvascular Evaluation Scale) by 4 fellowship trained microsurgeons. The internal validity was assessed using the Cronbach coefficient. The external validity was verified using regression models. Results: The reliability assessment revealed an excellent intra-class correlation of 0.89. When comparing scores obtained by participants from different levels of training, attending surgeons and senior residents (Post Graduate Year [PGY] 4-5) scored significantly better than junior residents (PGY 1-3). The difference between senior residents and attending surgeons was not significant. When considering microsurgical experience, the differences were significant between the advanced group and the minimal and moderate experience groups. The differences between minimal and moderate experience groups were not significant. Based on the data obtained, a score of 8 would translate into a level of microsurgical competence appropriate for clinical microsurgery. Conclusions: Thiel cadaveric vessels are a high fidelity model for microsurgical simulation. Excellent internal and external validity measures were obtained using the Microvascular Evaluation Scale (MVES).
Distal respiratory tract viral infections in young children trigger a marked increase in alveolar mast cells
Authors: Andersson Cecilia K. , Shikhagaie Medya , Mori Michiko , Al-Garawi Amal , Reed Jennifer L. , Humbles Alison A. , Welliver Robert , Mauad Thais , Bjermer Leif , Jordana Manel , Erjefält Jonas S. 
Published: November 2018

Viral infections predispose to the development of childhood asthma, a disease associated with increased lung mast cells (MCs). This study investigated whether viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) can already evoke a MC response during childhood.Lung tissue from young children who died following LRTIs were processed for immunohistochemical identification of MCs. Children who died from nonrespiratory causes served as controls. MCs were examined in relation to sensitisation in infant mice exposed to allergen during influenza A infection.Increased numbers of MCs were observed in the alveolar parenchyma of children infected with LRTIs (median (range) 12.5 (0–78) MCs per mm2) compared to controls (0.63 (0–4) MCs per mm2, p=0.0005). The alveolar MC expansion was associated with a higher proportion of CD34+tryptase+progenitors (controls: 0% (0–1%); LRTIs: 0.9% (0–3%) CD34+MCs (p=0.01)) and an increased expression of the vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 (controls: 0.2 (0.07–0.3); LRTIs: 0.3 (0.02–2) VCAM-1 per mm2(p=0.04)). Similarly, infant mice infected with H1N1 alone or together with house dust mite (HDM) developed an increase in alveolar MCs (saline: 0.4 (0.3–0.5); HDM: 0.6 (0.4–0.9); H1N1: 1.4 (0.4–2.0); HDM+H1N1: 2.2 (1.2–4.4) MCs per mm2(p<0.0001)). Alveolar MCs continued to increase and remained significantly higher into adulthood when exposed to H1N1+HDM (day 36: 2.2 (1.2–4.4); day 57: 4.6 (1.6–15) MCs per mm2(p=0.01)) but not when infected with H1N1 alone.Our data demonstrate that distal viral infections in young children evoke a rapid accumulation of alveolar MCs. Apart from revealing a novel immune response to distal infections, our data may have important implications for the link between viral infections during early childhood and subsequent asthma development.