bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalized Medicine in Histiocytic Disorders: Novel Targets in Patients Without MAPK Alterations
Authors: Smith Katherine E.R. , Acosta-Medina Aldo A. , Dasari Surendra , Ranatunga Wasantha , Rech Karen L. , Ravindran Aishwarya , Young Jason R. , McGarrah Patrick W. , Ruan Gordon J. , Zanwar Saurabh S. , Li Jenny J. , Sartori-Valinotti Julio C. , Snider Jessica N. , Witzig Thomas E. , Goyal Gaurav , Go Ronald S. , Abeykoon Jithma P. 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
BRAF and MEK inhibitors are standard treatments in histiocytic disorders, such as Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD). Some patients lack MAPK-pathway alterations, making these treatments less effective.

METHODS
We describe three patients with histiocytic disorders who have novel non-MAPK pathway alterations. These alterations were studied through genomic and in silico analyses when applicable, then treated with off-label medications rationally selected on the basis of genomic alterations.

RESULTS
Patient 1 had rapidly progressive ECD involving the CNS. A CSF1R in-frame deletion (p.S560_P566del) was identified, and in silico modeling predicted a gain-of-function mutation. This alteration was targeted with pexidartinib, which led to a clinical complete response (CR) within 2 months, and a partial response (PR) on imaging after 3 months. After 15 months, the disease became resistant to pexidartinib and transformed to histiocytic sarcoma. Patient 2 has skin-only involvement of a xanthogranuloma disorder. A KIF5B-FGFR1 fusion was identified on RNA sequencing and targeted with pemigatinib. At 24 months of follow-up, she remains in a clinical PR. Patient 3 has ECD involving the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and subcutaneous tissues. A MEF2C-FLT3 fusion was identified and targeted with sorafenib. He achieved a clinical CR and radiographic PR within 3 months, which has continued for 30 months.

CONCLUSION
We report three patients with histiocytic disorders harboring novel alterations who had sustained responses to off-label kinase inhibitors specific to their histiocytic disorder. Pathogenic variants outside of the MAPK pathway, including variants of unknown significant, may be targeted with readily available small molecules.
The History of the Zanzibari Amakhuwa: Uprooting, Registration, and Inventions of Home in a Community of Liberated Africans
Authors: Kaarsholm Preben 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article gives a detailed account of the history of the Durban Zanzibari Amakhuwa community, which developed around the descendants of freed slaves brought to Natal by the Royal Navy as “liberated Africans” in the 1870s. It discusses some of the methodological challenges facing researchers studying diasporas of Makua speakers dispersed across the Indian Ocean world through the slave trade and its abolition. These include distortions in the documentary records as well as in oral traditions of memorialization configured and given voice in response to changing social and political contexts. The article offers a detailed critical analysis of the information on the freed slaves and their backgrounds contained in a “Return of Liberated Africans” from 1877. It then discusses how reminiscences of origin have since been creatively reinterpreted in several rounds among descendants of freed slaves and fellow community members between the 1870s and the present, and the ways in which dialectics of inclusion and exclusion have unfolded. The article brings this up to date in an account of the August 2023 celebrations in Durban of the 150th anniversary of the first arrivals of freed slaves. It concludes by debating the implications of different dynamics of memorialization for reparations and historical justice as well as for attempts to establish databases documenting the slave trade in the western Indian Ocean.
Agency and Acquired Plant Knowledge among Enslaved Laborers: The Acclimatization of Vanilla and Cloves in the Indian Ocean World
Authors: Alpers Edward A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the complex process involving a wide variety of historical actors in the acclimatization of vanilla and cloves in the western Indian Ocean during the long nineteenth century. Imperial rivalries and monopolistic control of these two crops provide the historical context in which the acquired plant knowledge of enslaved laborers in the Mascarene Islands was exercised. Ranging from the Maluku Islands, in eastern Indonesia, and from Mexico to Europe, the argument centers on French colonial Mauritius and Réunion, and imperial Omani Zanzibar.
A Conversation with Gwyn Campbell
Authors: Jennings Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the Fall of 2023 Eric Jennings communicated with Gwyn Campbell, director of the Indian Ocean World Centre, McGill University, general editor of the Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies, and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies. Communicating by email, the two discussed Gwyn Campbell's latest book, The Madagascar Youths: British Alliances and Military Expansion in the Indian Ocean Region (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022).
Transgender, Trans-human, Trans-religious
Authors: van Klinken Adriaan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the writings of the Nigerian author Akwaeke Emezi, in particular their acclaimed semi-autobiographical novel Freshwater (2018), as a form of African queer and trans autotheorizing. It critically examines the theoretical significance of the indigenous Igbo concept of ọgbanje (spirit-child), which is central in Emezi’s self-writing and which serves to decenter and decolonize Western trans terminology. Reading Emezi in conversation with Stella Nyanzi’s argument about the queer possibilities of African understandings of spirits, the article argues that ọgbanje is an indigenous concept that allows for transing not just the category of gender, but also of religion and of the human. It further contends that Emezi, through the narrative epistemological frame of ọgbanje, performs a decolonial gesture that interrogates gender dualism, religious orthodoxy, secularity, and anthropocentric thought and that creatively reconceptualizes gender, religion, and, fundamentally, human personhood. Thus, this article advances debates about decolonization, religion, and (trans)gender in the fields of trans studies in religion and queer African studies, as well as in religious and trans/queer studies more broadly.
Queer and Trans Studies and the Jewish Question
Authors: Drinkwater Gregg 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Over the past twenty years, Jewish studies scholars have produced an outpouring of work informed by the insights of queer theory while also creating a small but growing library of scholarship centering queer and trans lives. This essay explores the insights gained from this body of work, considering both the limitations for scholarship in this vein within Jewish studies and the potential for new directions in the field. As this essay demonstrates, dozens of Jewish studies scholars have brilliantly deployed queer theory as a productive analytical lens. But the field suffers from a relative paucity of work recovering histories grounded in the lived and embodied experiences of Jewish sexual and gender minorities. This essay calls for deeper analyses of Jewish LGBTQ communities and cultures, along with more studies of queer and trans Jewish pasts and presents. To date, queerly inflected Jewish studies scholarship has been built on a relatively shallow foundation. This essay urges a strengthening and deepening of the field while offering suggestions for future growth.
An early Lord’s Prayer in a southern variety of Saami
Authors: Kazakėnaitė Ernesta , Blokland Rogier 
Published: November 2024

Among the holdings of the National Library of Sweden there is a manuscript titled Pater noſter: Varijs Linguis ‘Lord’s Prayer: in various languages’, which contains 20 translations of the Lord’s Prayer. The last page of this manuscript is very defective, and its language was not identified in the first study to mention this manuscript (Biezais, Haralds. 1955. Ein neugefundener Text des lettischen Vaterunsers aus dem 16. ­Jahrhundert. Nordisk Tidskrift för bok- och biblioteksväsen 42. 47–54). However, last year it was found to be a southern variety of Saami. Earlier manuscripts of the Lord’s Prayer in Saami are unknown, making this potentially the oldest known Saami text in manuscript form that has survived to the present day. Although it has not been possible to decipher the entire text, this article provides a tentative transcription and compares it to the first known published Lord’s Prayers in Saami from 1619. Additionally, it briefly presents the manuscript and its history, and gives some background on the activities of the church in northern Sweden during the 16th century when such translations came into existence.
Kokkuvõte. Ernesta Kazakėnaitė, Rogier Blokland: Varajane Meieisa palve lõunapoolses saami keele variandis. Rootsi Rahvusraamatukogu kollektsioonis on käsikiri pealkirjaga Pater noſter: Varijs Linguis „Meieisapalve: erinevates keeltes“, mis sisaldab 20 meieisapalve tõlget. Käsikirja viimane lehekülg on osaliselt loetamatu ja selle teksti keelt ei tuvastatud esimeses uuringus, milles käsikirja mainiti (Biezais, Haralds. 1955. Ein neugefundener Text des lettischen Vaterunsers aus dem 16. Jahrhundert. Nordisk Tidskrift för bok- och biblioteksväsen 42. 47–54). Aastal 2023 avastas artikli esimene autor, et tegemist on ilmselt lõunapoolse saami keele variandiga. Muid varaseid saamikeelseid meieisapalve käsikirju ei ole teada, seetõttu on kõnealune käsikiri potentsiaalselt vanim teadaolev saamikeelne tekst, mis on tänapäevani säilinud. Kuigi kogu teksti ei olnud võimalik dešifreerida, esitatakse käesolevas artiklis selle esialgne transkriptsioon ja võrreldakse seda esimese teadaoleva, 1619. aastal avaldatud saamikeelse meieisapalve tekstiga. Lisaks tutvustatakse lühidalt käsikirja ja selle ajalugu ning antakse mõningaid taustteadmisi Rootsi kiriku tegevusest Põhja-Rootsis 16. sajandil, mil selliseid tõlkeid tekkis.
PARP inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer - A Review of literature
Authors: Niewiadomska Jagoda , Bondos Borys , Stępień Aleksandra , Paluch Alicja , Skrzypek Jakub , Niekra Aleksandra , Fussek Łukasz , Kochan Robert , Wieczorek Ewelina , Lee Kacper 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in developed countries. It also occurs in men. The primary therapy for these cancers is surgery; chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy are also used. More and better treatments are being sought for this disease. The use of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer has shown good results, so in this article we have done a review of the results of various studies on this topic. [1] In this review, the results of studies on the use of various PARP inhibitors in breast cancer of different hormonal status are presented.
Purpose
This article aims to give you an overview of the trials that have looked at the effects of different PARP inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. PARP inhibitors are a relatively new cancer therapy with good results, so it is important to pay attention.

State of Knowledge
In this article, I used the PubMed database and considered papers from the last 15 years, but most of the information in this review comes from papers published after 2020. I have also taken into account the recommendations of the FDA and the European Medicines Agency on the use of PARP inhibitors.
Conclusions
PARP inhibitors have shown significant effects on breast cancer outcomes. The differences in outcomes depending on the type of cancer, the PARP inhibitor used, and the previous therapies used in a given patient tell us how important it is to individualize therapy in oncology. The findings of the studies presented in this review also point to the need for further research that could focus on identifying patients who may best benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors, as well as studying synergistic effects in combination with other forms of therapy, such as immunotherapy or chemotherapy. The changes in treatment outcomes that these drugs can bring underscore the importance of exploring new therapeutic strategies in oncology.
Does Increasing the Riskiness of Choices Widen Gender Gaps?
Authors: Hirshman Samuel D. , Willén Alexander 
Published: November 2024

We isolate the causal effect of changing the riskiness of choices on the gender gap in real world outcomes. We do so by exploiting a national reform to the regrade system of Norwegian universities that generated exogenous variation in the probabilities of the outcome of regrade requests. Using unique individual-level administrative data, we show that both the expected value of a regrade request, as well as the downside risk, increased substantially as a result of the policy. We then show how the ostensibly gender-neutral policy substantially increased gaps between men and women because they differed in their risk preferences and beliefs. Specifically, the exogenous change in the riskiness of requesting a regrade augmented the gender gap in regrade requests by 90%. We demonstrate that this has important implications for students through its impact on their grades. We disentangle the relative importance of mechanisms through auxiliary reduced-form analyses, structural estimation, and a supplemental laboratory experiment. Taken together, our mechanism analyses suggest that gender differences in risk preferences and loss aversion are not sufficient to explain the increased gender gap after the policy change, and that gender differences in confidence or beliefs are necessary to rationalize the data and more broadly consistent with the patterns we observe. This paper was accepted by Dorothea Kubler, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This project was partially funded by the Research Council of Norway through its Centers of Excellence Scheme [FAIR Project 262675]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.04088 .
IS DAIR OR IMPLANT EXCHANGE BEST FOR FRACTURE-RELATED INFECTION?
Authors: McNally Martin , Frank Florian , Hotchen Andrew , Valand Poonam , Stubbs David , Ferguson Jamie 
Published: November 2024

AimThis is the first study to directly compare the clinical outcome of debridement, antimicrobials and implant retention (DAIR) with stabilization using new internal fixation after debridement, for patients with Fracture-related Infection (FRI).MethodConsecutive patients with FRI Consensus confirmed FRI had single-stage surgery with tissue sampling, debridement, stabilization, antimicrobial therapy and skin closure. All cases had FRIs which were unhealed at surgery. When existing implants were stable, the implant was retained but loose implants or fractures with poor reduction had implant removal and refixation with new implants. All patients had the same empiric and definitive antibiotics, the same diagnostic criteria and outcome assessment at least one year after surgery. Failure was defined as infection recurrence, reoperation or lack of fracture consolidation at one year.ResultsSeventy-one patients were studied (40 DAIRs and 31 new implants, including 10 exchange nails). The two groups were well matched for age, duration of infection, BACH complexity, microbiology, bone involved and need for flap coverage. Ten patients (13.7%) died before the endpoint. Mortality was similar in both groups (DAIR 14.1% vs New Metalware 12.9%; p=0.801) but DAIR of IM nails had a higher mortality at 40% (p=0.011). Sixty-one patients were followed-up for a mean of 3.32 years (1.04-9.43).Infection was eradicated in 23/34 (67.6%) DAIR patients and 24/27 (88.9%) with new metalware (p=0.049). Overall rates of infection-free union were similar in both groups (58.8% vs 77.8%; p=0.117). DAIR of plates had significantly fewer infection-free unions compared to removal and implantation of new plates (DAIR 57.1% vs NM 91.7%; p=0.033).ConclusionImplantation of new metalware had better eradication of infection and a strong trend towards better union rates. Treating FRI with retained or new metalware had a substantial mortality (13.7%). Choosing DAIR did not reduce this mortality and these patients more often required further surgery to treat residual infection and secure union.
INFECTIONS OF FOREIGN MATERIAL FOR LIGAMENT, MENISCUS, AND TENDON RECONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Roskar Samo , Faganeli Natasa , Mihalic Rene , Trebse Rihard 
Published: November 2024

AimArthroscopic interventions have revolutionized the treatment of joint pathologies. The appropriate diagnostics and treatment are required for infections after ligament reconstructions using non-resorbable material such as tendon grafts, anchors, and sutures, prone to biofilm formation. The infection rate is around 1% for knee and shoulder, while up to 4% for Achilles tendon reconstructions. Despite high number of these procedures worldwide, there is limited evidence about the best treatment protocol. Our study aimed to provide a general protocol for the treatment of small implants for soft tissue reconstruction.MethodBetween 2019 and 2023, we treated 48 infections of ligament, meniscus, and tendon reconstructions out of 7291 related procedures performed in the same time period. Early infection (<30 days) were treated with an arthroscopic debridement and implant retention (DAIR), except Achilles tendons had open DAIR, while those with delayed or chronic infection (>30 days) were treated with extensive debridement and lavage combined with one-stage exchange (OSE) or implant removal. During surgery, at least 5 microbiological s and samples for histopathology were obtained. The removed material was sonicated. After surgery, all patients were one week on iv. antibiotics, followed by oral antibiofilm antibiotics for 6 weeks including rifampicin and/or a quinolone. All patients were followed for at least 1 year. Failure was defined as the need for additional revision surgery after finished iv. antibiotic treatment.ResultsAmong 48 patients, 38 were early and 10 were late acute or chronic infections. The incidence of infection for our cohort was 0.7%. We observed 27 infections after ligament reconstruction of the knee, 15 of the shoulder, 5 of the ankle, and 1 infection of the elbow joint. 40 patients were treated with DAIR, 5 with OSE, and 3 with implant removal. We had 11 C. acnes, 10 S. aureus, 6 S. epidermidis, 2 P. aeruginosa, 2 S. lugdunensis, 10 mixed flora, and 3 culture-negative infections. 12 patients received antibiotics before surgery, and all culture-negative infections were related to this subgroup. We observed 2 failures, both in a combination of proximal tibial osteotomy and ligament reconstruction of the knee joint. The success rate of our protocol was 96%.ConclusionsPrompt surgical treatment followed by 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment cured 96% of infections of small implants after reconstruction procedures of knee, shoulder, and ankle joints. Our study is the first to provide a treatment protocol for infections of small implants after ligament reconstruction procedures
HIGH FAILURE RATES IN CONCOMITANT PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION AND PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURE TREATMENT: A STUDY OF 41 TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTIES
Authors: Jaschke Markus , Goumenos Stavros , Mewes Moritz-Guenther , Perka Carsten , Trampuz Andrej , Meller Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

AimPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and periprosthetic fracture (PF) are one of the most devastating complications in arthroplasty. Each complication by itself is challenging to solve. Yet, simultaneously, both complications are inconceivably complex to deal with, while the treatment regimen of PJI and PF are contradictory. Chronic PJI most often requires implant removal, while PF requires stability, regularly achieved by stable osteosynthesis. This study aims to (1) analyse the success rate of PJI with following concomitant PF during the treatment course in total hip arthroplasties (THA) and (2) to determine the risk factors for reinfection and subsequent revision surgery after treatment of PJI and PF.MethodThis restrospective study analyzed 41 patients with concomitant PJI and PF during the PJI treatment period from 2013 to 2022 involving THA. Patients were divided in two cohorts termed success and failure and were statistically compared. The median follow-up time was 66 months (>12 months). All patients were considered individually and treated according to their individual needs in fracture and infection treatment. Re-arthroplasty survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Relevant risk factors were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test or Chi-square, depending on the variable's scale.ResultsThe overall success rate of our cohort was 70,7%. Twelve patients required re-operation due to reinfection, resulting in a cumulative 12-month-reinfection rate of 19,5%. The estimated cumulative reinfection free survival rate was 68,3%. Significance in risk factors for failure were found in pathogen virulence grade, Difficult to treat pathogen and number of debridement during interval. On average the Harris Hip score was 66 in the group of reinfection compared to 77 in the group of success.ConclusionsReoperation and re-infection rate remains high in patients with simultaneous PJI and PF in THA. Due to the heterogeneity of the fractures, soft tissue conditions and pathogens found, treatment must be individualised to salvage the limb. However, small cohorts impact the statistical strength negatively due to instances of two rare complications.
CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF BIOMATERIALS IN OSTEOMYELITIS TREATMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW AND DECISION-MAKING CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Arts Chris 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionVarious biomaterials and bone graft substitute technologies for use in osteomyelitis treatment are currently used in clinal practice. They vary in mode of action (with or without antibiotics) and clinical application (one-stage or two-stage surgery). This systematic review aims to compare the clinical evidence of different synthetic antimicrobial bone graft substitutes and antibiotic-loaded carriers in eradicating infection and clinical outcome in patients with chronic osteomyelitis.MethodsSystematic review according to PRISMA statement on publications 2002-2023. MESH terms: osteomyelitis and bone substitutes. FREE terms: chronic osteomyelitis, bone infection. A standardized data extraction form was be used to extract data from the included papers.ResultsPublications with increased methodological quality and clinical evidence for biomaterials in osteomyelitis treatment were published in the last decades. High 85-95% eradication rates of osteomyelitis were observed for various resorbable Ca-P and/or Ca-S biomaterials combined with antibiotics and S53P4 bioactive glass. Level of evidence varies significantly between products. Antibiotic pharmacokinetic release profiles vary between resorbable Ca-P and/or Ca-S biomaterials.ConclusionGiven the high 85-95% eradication rates of osteomyelitis by various resorbable Ca-P and/or Ca-S biomaterials combined with antibiotics and S53P4 bioactive glass, one-stage treatment is preferred. Surgeons should be aware of variations in mechanical properties and antibiotic pharmacokinetic release profiles between Ca-P and CA-s products. Mechanical, biological and antimicrobial properties of bioactive glass are formulation dependent. Currently, only S53P4 bioactive glass has proven antimicrobial properties. Based on this systematic review antibiotic loaded fleeces should be used with caution and restraint.