bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Variability and Heat Bias Prediction in a Tropical Country, Nigeria, From 2006 to 2036
Authors: Nwaerema Peace , Edokpa David 
Published: November 2018

This research explores population variability and heat bias prediction in a tropical country, Nigeria from 2006 to 2036. Data were generated from the projections of the National Population Commission (NPC) using the population mathematical model for heat bias data. With national population growth rate of 2.67%, Nigeria recorded heat bias of 60C in 2016, 6.10C in 2026 and 6.20C in 2036 as well as 0.10C decadal variation indicating that it has exceeded the 0.5-0.250C standard comfort threshold. The analytical results show that there is a positive association between population density and heat bias across the states of Nigeria with greater effects in states such as Lagos, Anambra, Imo, Abia, Akwa Ibom Ekiti, Rivers, Osun and Ebonyi due to the high concentration of people in their limited land mass. And more of the eastern states of Nigeria will have much effect of the heat bias due to their high population density. It shows that land mass does not have any association with heat bias and will likely be influenced by land modification and atmospheric characteristics. Heat wave could result to death of people; therefore, national planners should implement environmental, health and land-use management strategies with immediate action in order to make Nigeria a safe place to live.
En contra del financiamiento privado
Authors: Cárdenas Gracia Jaime 
Published: November 2018

<p> </p><p> </p><p><span> </span>El artículo expone las propuestas para reducir o eliminar el financiamiento público a los partidos políticos en México. Se decanta por su reducción pero no por su eliminación. Lo que propone es la derogación del financiamiento privado por dos razones: 1) Es un financiamiento que hace dependientes a los electos de los poderes económicos y mediáticos; y, 2) Es un mecanismo que promueve la corrupción política.</p>
Análisis del siglo liberal: inicios de la república en Colombia (período de la independencia Siglo XIX)
Authors: Arboleda Ramírez Paulo Bernardo 
Published: November 2018

<p>En el presente artículo se identifican las causas de la independencia de Colombia para comprender con rigurosidad los orígenes del Estado-Nación a partir del estudio de los antecedentes coloniales. Así pues, se analiza los inicios de la república en Colombia desde el movimiento de la independencia hasta el año de 1816, en donde termina el período denominado de la “Patria Boba”. Este estudio iushistórico se realiza mediante la comprensión de tres variables implícitas en su desarrollo. Las variables son las siguientes: Las fuentes normativas, la cultura jurídica y la historia política. De esta manera, el objetivo general se orienta a identificar las características de la cultura jurídico-política que se gestaron durante los inicios de la República durante el siglo XIX a partir del proceso de independencia del Virreinato de la Nueva Granada y de la “Patria Boba”. Para el desarrollo del trabajo se aplicó el método descriptivo, complementado con un estudio sistémico de la historia del derecho que comporta una historia del texto, es decir, una búsqueda de la “realidad” que se encuentra en los libros de la época y en los archivos históricos.</p>
Entre culpa y castigo. Alf Ross y el concepto de responsabilidad
Authors: Figueroa Rubio Sebastian 
Published: November 2018

<p>En este texto se presenta brevemente el concepto de responsabilidad en la forma en que Alf Ross lo entendió. Para ello, en primer lugar, se contextualiza un análisis dentro de los problemas que surgieron al momento de dar cuenta de los conceptos jurídicos fundamentales dentro de la filosofía del derecho del siglo veinte y, en segundo lugar, se muestran las propuestas de Ross para evitar dichos problemas. Por último, se analiza la forma en que dichas propuestas influyeron en su comprensión de la responsabilidad.</p><p> </p>
PHARMACOLOGY EFFECT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS ON THE LEVEL OF THYROID HORMONES AND VITAMIN-D.
Authors: Painuly Neelam , Sharma Amit 
Published: November 2018

Cardiovascular system is an important system of body. This consists the heart and blood vessels. Any kind of heart disease is dangerous. Thyroid hormone is one of the leading hormones which is involving in the cardiovascular mechanism. Any disturbance in the balance of hormone can cause serious problems which may be dangerous to cardiovascular system. So it balance should be maintained properly. Various treatment related to this are found but they may cause various alteration in the production of thyroid hormone. So in order to give proper treatment to patient all the aspects should be checked and observed properly considering the health of patient. Amlodipine, Propranolol, Captopril, Amiodarone are some of the medicines used in the treatment of these diseases. Knowledge of drug should be proper so that any risk of thyroid abnormalities can be minimized and diagnosed in proper time.
Key words: Arrhythmia, cardiovascular, vitamin D, Amlodipine, Propranolol, Captopril, Amiodarone
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF LANSOPRAZOLE BY RP-HPLC
Authors: Meher Madhavi K , Bhangale Charushila , Dholas Ramdas , Prashant Vandana Aher , Pawar Rohan 
Published: November 2018

The objective of this work is to develop a rapid, precise, accurate and sensitive revere phase liquid chromatographic method and Forced degradation studies for the estimation of Lansoprazole. The chromatographic method was standardized for Lansoprazole using Shimadzu HPLC model reverse phase analytical Inspire grace C18 column (250 mm x 4.5 mm, 5mm particle size) with PC-3000-M Reciprocating Pump (40 Mpa) and UV-3000-M Detector, at 285nm and flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The mobile phase consists of 80:20 Methanol: water. The linearity of proposed method was investigated in the range of 10-50 µm/ml (R2 = 0.999) of Lansoprazole. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.12 mm/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.36 mg/ml. The retention time of Lansoprazole found to be 5.4 min. The method was statistically validated and % RSD was found to be less than 2 indicating high degree of accuracy and precision. Hence proposed method can be successfully applied for the estimation of Lansoprazole in further studies.
Keywords: Lansoprazole, RP-HPLC, Chromatogram, validation, estimation.
AN EXTENDED REVIEW AND SUMMARY ON FACTS ABOUT ETIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF SCRUB TYPHUS INFECTION
Authors: Nagaraju G. V. , Pavan Kumar G. V. 
Published: November 2018

Scrub typhus is also known as bus typhus inaction and it is a serious public health problem in the Asia-Pacific area. It threatens one billion peoples are effected worldwide, and causes illness in one million people for an each year. Caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, scrub typhus can result in severe multi organ failure with a case fatality rate up to 70% without appropriate treatment. The antigenic heterogeneity of O. Tsutsugamushi precludes generic immunity and to the allows reinjection. As it is a neglected disease, there is still a large gap in our knowledge of the disease, as evidence by the sporadic epidemiologic data and others relating to the public health information regarding scrub typhus in its endemic areas. It is a gram-negative bacterium, this infection can be perfectly treated with the specific antibiotics. Early treatment gives best results those who are infected with this infection it gives better therapeutic outcomes. Oral medication is effective for mild cases, but the parenteral route is often necessary for severely ill patients. Similar to treatment for other rickettsial diseases, doxycycline is one of most effective antibiotics for treating scrub typhus infection.
Key Words: Scrub typhus, threatens one billion peoples, gram-negative bacterium, Oral medication.
CRITICAL REVIEW OF MEDA DHATU AND OBESITY IN REFERENCE TO AYURVEDIC LITERATURE
Authors: Anand Rahul , Asthana Alok , Asthana Monika , Sabharwal Pooja 
Published: November 2018

Obesity is one of the santarapanajanya vyadhi, originated as a result of deteriorated life style which includes sedentary daily routine and junk food habits. It occurs when the consumption of calories becomes more than its expenditure. It serves as an etiological factor for many diseases. It has reached to the epidemic proportion, affecting majority of the urban population. Obesity can be estimated by various scales among which Body Mass Index (BMI) and skin fold measurements are most common. Obesity is indirectly proportional to Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). BMR is the amount of energy required to do the involuntary work of the body which is around 47 calories per hour per square meter of body surface in males and 37 in females, but may vary with temperature as a rise in 1o F of body temperature may lead to an average increase of 7% of BMR1. Prior to the management of this disorder, it is obligatory to reach to its roots. Ancient scholars tried to elaborate the causes, pathology, types, complications and management of obesity in their own way, and this description is scattered here and there. The present article will try to assemble these references, and find out a common conclusion.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF KETOCONAZOLE NIOSOMAL GEL
Authors: Kaur Paninder , Dua J.S , Prasad D.N 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

In recent years, treatment of infectious disease through Novel Drug delivery system (NDDS) has undergone a revolutionary shift. Niosomes are a Novel Drug Delivery system which has potential application to treat infectious disease topically. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles, in which medication is encapsulated in a vesicle for controlled drug release. Ketoconazole niosomes were prepared by using Cholesterol, Span 60/ Span 40 as surfactants, chloroform, and diethyl ether using rotary vacuum evaporator method. Formulation was then evaluated for particle size, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release studies. The Entrapment efficiency and drug content were calculated at 225nm using UV spectrophotometer. The drug content was found to be 70.37% for Span 40 and 72.81% for Span 60.The percentage of drug entrapment in niosomes was 60.3 % for Span 40 and 62.21 % for Span 60. FT-IR studies for niosomes containing Span 40 shows -CH stretching (Aliphatic) at 2891 cm-1and2925 cm-1 for niosomes containing Span 60. Ketoconazole niosomal gel was prepared using Carbopol 940, glycerol, Triethanolamine and distilled water. Evaluation of niosomal gel was determined by Physical appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content, entrapment efficiency and In-vitro diffusion studies.The percentage of the drug release from the niosomal gel was found to be 40.78 % for Span 40 and 33.75% for Span 60 . This delivery system is cost effective and simple to prepare as only the prepared gel of niosomes was introduced in Rotary vacuum evaporator for solvent evaporation.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts Used Against Cognitive Dysfunction and Memory Loss in Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine
Authors: Attanayake Anoja Priyadarshani , Jayatilaka Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana 
Published: November 2018

The objectives of the study were to determine the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity in the selected Sri Lankan medicinal plants. AChE inhibitory activity of the selected medicinal plant extracts was determined using the Ellman’s method. The antioxidant activities were determined by four in vitro methods namely DPPH assay, FRAP assay, NO assay and TBA acid method. The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were determined quantitatively.Out of the ten selected medicinal plant extracts Abrus precatorius, Centella asiatica, Strychnos nux-vomica and Ricinus communis showed IC50 values < 200 µg/mL for AChE inhibitory activity. A high antioxidant activity was shown in the extracts of Cardiosprmum halicacabum, Centella asiatica and Ricinus communis in the four selected antioxidant assays. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content was in the range of 0.55-7.30 mg/g DW and 19.08±0.29-1283.08± 0.09 µg/gDW. The extracts of A. precatorius, C. asiatica, S. nux-vomica and R. communis are deserved to be as potent sources of AChE inhibitors as well as natural antioxidants. Considering the complex multifactorial etiology of Alzheimer's diseases, these plant extracts would be apt candidates for the development of novel pharmaceutical agents in the management of Alzheimer's diseases.
THE VISHAGHNA PROPERTIES OF MANJISHTHA (Rubia cordifolia) IN AYURVEDIC AND CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Khatik Rohit Kumar , Khatik Ashish , Sharma Anita 
Published: November 2018

The present concept is given to help for to establish as bridge between Ayurveda and contemporary science. The Concept of Ayurvedic vishaghna properties is near about detoxifying action (Antidote action) in modern era. It is may be beneficial integrated concept for metabolic toxicity, substance acquired acute and chronic toxicity, biological toxicity, cumulative toxicity etc. and it also help to understand the detoxifying phenomenon. The single and multiple preparations of manjistha are available which indicates its utility in many poisoning. All aspects of manjishtha are studied in detail especially in field of detoxification. Selection of all logical references are done and collection, correlation and explanation as per requirement. According to indication and detoxifying therapeutic use of manjishtha are highlights, which described especially in Ayurvedic and modern text. All ayurvedic and contemporary references regarding vishaghna are collected from Ayurvedic fundamental books and various textbooks, research article, international journals. Theoretically, it will breakdown the pathogenesis of toxicity and progress forward to denaturized any poison. It can be useful for disease which comes under area of any field of toxicity. We can prevent and treat much toxicological disorder. On the basis of concept of vishaghana properties of manjishtha, it can be broadly used in today’s era for preventive as well as curative disease free life from toxicological agent.
Keywords; manjishtha, vishaghana properties, detoxifying uses
Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential and in-vivo hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Quercus oblongata D. DON
Authors: Singh Anita , Bisht Manoj 
Published: November 2018

Objective: The main potential target is attempt to investigated evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential and in-vivo hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Quercus oblongata D. DON belonging to family fagaceae. Material & Methods: The root of plant was extracted by different solvents like n-hexane (NHEQO), Chloroform (CEQO), Ethyl acetate (EAQO) Hydroethanolic (HEEQO) and Ethanol (EEQO). The antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by the possible four complementary test assay methods namely total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, Inhibition of 2,2 diphenyl -1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and ABTS (2-2’- azinobis) radical scavenging activity or quenching activity, in the hepatoprotective experimental animal albino wistar rats (120-180gm) were divided into 6 group, each group content 5, Group I: Received distilled water (5ml/kg. p.o) once daily, and served as normal control. Group II: Received paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; orally as toxin control. Group III: Received standard drug Silymarin (25 mg/kg. p.o.) + paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; orally once daily Group IV, V, VI administered HEECB at different doses300, 400, 500 mg/kg orally + paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; for 21 days. And collect blood from experimental animals by retrorbital puncture for estimation of biochemical parameters and other parameter also evaluate like physical histological changes in livers of rats. Results: Experimental finding reveal that Paracetamol produce significant change in physical (increase liver weight) biochemical (increase alkaline phosphate, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyuruvic transaminase, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and decrease the level of total protein and albumin) histological (damage to hepatocyte) and in liver parameters. Pretreatment with extract significantly minimization of physical, biochemical, histological and functional change induced by Paracetamol in liver. Conclusion: Experimental data and analysis of different parameter declare that hydroethanolic extract of Quercus oblongata could be a useful hepatoprotective agents and antioxidant potential.
Keywords: Clematis buchananiana, paracetamol, hepatoprotective, alkaline phosphate, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyuruvic transaminase.
Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Lamiaceae): A comprehensive review
Authors: Prashith Kekuda T.R. , Sudharshan S.J. 
Published: November 2018

Clerodendrum L. is an important genus in the family Lamiaceae in terms of its medicinal values and pharmacological properties. The genus comprises of more than 500 species distributed worldwide. In this review, we present an updated information on ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Lamiaceae). The plant is one the most spectacular Clerodendrum species and is grown commonly for ornamental purpose. The plant is reported to have ethnomedicinal importance as the plant is used as remedy for ailments and disorders such as wounds, typhoid, snakebite, jaundice, giddiness, malaria, anemia and hemorrhoids. Various phytochemicals such as rutin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, lupeol, oleanolic aldehyde acetate, stigmasta-4,25-dien-3-one, and (3β)-stigmasta-4,22,25-trien-3-ol have been identified in C. paniculatum. The plant is shown to exhibit biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, insecticidal and anti-ageing activity.
Keywords: Clerodendrum paniculatum L., Ethnobotanical, Traditional, Phytochemicals, Biological activities
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NEONATAL SEIZURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NEUROIMAGING: A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
Authors: Mishra Shantisena , Mohanty Saran Kumar , Swain Arakhita , Behera Saiprasanna , Rai Pratibha 
Published: November 2018

Background: Seizures are most common and distinct clinical manifestation of neurologic dysfunction in the newborn. Its frequency is around 1.5-14/1000 neonates. The occurrence of seizure is positively correlated with structural brain damage and its consequent sequelae are later stages of life. Therefore, we need to initiate an early diagnostic workup to determine the causes. This study was conducted to determine the etiology of neonatal seizure as well as to find out how neuroimaging is useful in early diagnosis.
Aims and Objectives: The study was carried out with the objectives to find out the etiology of neonatal seizure, especially by using the neuroimaging facilities and to look at the spectrum of brain lesion.
Materials and methods: Hospital based observational study conducted over a period of 2 years (August 2015 to July 2017) at neonatal wing of SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India. All newborns with history of seizure and those who developed seizure during hospital stay were included in the study. Detailed antenatal histories, examination of the newborn and clinical detail of each seizure episode were recorded. Various data obtained were displayed in tables, charts, statistical analysis of the observations were done using percentages, averages etc.
Results: Out of 365 cases which had seizure, 233 (63.8%) were males. Term babies (60.76%) and babies weighing more than 2500 gms (57.44%) showed seizures in this study. Most (60.42%) of the cases were born by vaginal delivery who had seizure afterwards. Hypoglycemia, as a cause was found in only 4% of cases. HIE was the commonest cause (51.8%) followed by metabolic abnormalities (23.2%). Most of them showed abnormality in TC-USG, CT-Brain, MRI brain.
Conclusion: Most common cause of neonatal seizure is HIE and in maximum cases it is seen in first 72 hours of life. Screening of high risk pregnancies should be strengthened and early referral should be arranged. Imparting NRP training to all health caregivers and improvement of NICU standard in tertiary care centre will reduce the morbidity and mortality.
SELECTION OF PHOSPHOLIPID AND METHOD OF FORMULATION FOR OPTIMUM ENTRAPMENT AND RELEASE OF LAMIVUDINE FROM LIPOSOME
Authors: Godbole Mangesh D , Mathur Vijay B 
Published: November 2018

The present investigation was aimed to compare various phospholipids and different methods that would be appropriate to produce liposomes having vesicle size in the range of 200-300 nm, PDI less than 0.500, maximum entrapment and delayed release of lamivudine. The phospholipids employed were Phospholipon® 90G, Phospholipon® 90H, 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glysero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glysero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). They were used in various molar ratio with cholesterol and blank liposomes were prepared initially by thin film hydration and ether injection method. The thin film hydration method was only found to be appropriate to produce liposome of desired size and PDI. Hence, the molar ratios of employed phospholipids:cholesterol that produced liposomes as per the expected parameters was then used to load lamivudine. The method of preparation, phospholipid: cholesterol molar ratio, hydrations above transition temperature and hydration time were showed direct influence on vesicle size, PDI, percentage encapsulation and in-vitro release. Phospholipon® 90H: cholesterol: lamivudine in the molar ratio 1:2:1 produced liposomes having desired vesicle size and PDI with maximum drug entrapment and sustained release. The encapsulation efficiency of drug in liposomes was in the order of Phospholipon® 90H> Phospholipon® 90G > DPPC > DMPC.
Keywords: Liposomes, Lamivudine, Phospholipid, Thin film hydration method, Ether injection method, encapsulation efficiency
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF TRADITIONALLY USED MEDICINAL PLANT ARGYREIA SPECIOSA (LINN. F.)
Authors: Jaiswal Bhagat Singh , Tailang Mukul 
Published: November 2018

Argyreia speciosa (Linn.f.) (Family: Convolvulaceae, Synonyms: Argyreia nervosa) is used in the traditional Ayurvedic systems of medicine as well as in local health folklore. It is commonly known as Vidhaara in Hindi and Hawaiian Baby Woodrose and Elephant creeper in English. It is the large climber and seen throughout India up to an altitude of 500 m. A. speciosa possess various pharmacological activity such as anti-aging, gastroprotective, analgesic & anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticonvulsion, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antiulcer, central nervous system depressant, nematocides, nootropic, anticancer and many more. Apart from this numerous phytoconstituents have been isolated from A. speciosa. Its seeds principally contain lysergamides, eragine and isoeragine which responsible for its hallucinogenic properties. The present paper efforts bring to light the available literature on A. speciosa with respect to traditional, ethnobotanical, phytoconstituents and review of different pharmacological activities.
Keywords: Argyreia speciosa, Vidhaara, Anti-aging, Hallucinogen, Ethnobotanical