bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Chiroptical, and Redox Properties of Ferrocene‐Containing Optically Active Polymers
Authors: Sotani Taichi , Iwakiri Hiroko , Yamada Hirotaka , Shimosaraya Noritaka , Miyagi Yu , Sanda Fumio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling polymerization of ferrocene‐containing l‐phenylalanine‐derived optically active o‐, m‐, p‐substituted bis(iodophenylene) monomers 1o
, 1m
, 1p
with 1,4‐diethynylbenzene (2) and 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐bis[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]benzene (3) is carried out to obtain the corresponding polymers consisting of ferrocene, amino acid, and phenyleneethynylene moieties. In the solution state, poly(1o
‐2), poly(1o‐3), and poly(1m
‐2) exhibit no circular dichroism (CD) signals in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), while poly(1m‐3), poly(1p
‐2), and poly(1p
‐3) exhibit CD signals assignable to the main chain chromophore, indicating the formation of certain chiral structures. In the solid state, poly(1o
‐2), poly(1o‐3), poly(1m
‐2), and poly(1m‐3) exhibit CD signals in the solid state, while poly(1p
‐2), poly(1p
‐3) does not, indicating the different aggregation manners of the polymers in the solution and solid states. The monomer and the polymers exhibit redox properties assignable to the ferrocene moieties. Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) measurements reveal that a 30% weight reduction occurs at 500 °C yielding black ferromagnetic solids.
The expanding phenotype of OFD1‐related disorders: Hemizygous loss‐of‐function variants in three patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Hannah William B. , DeBrosse Suzanne , Kinghorn BreAnna , Strausbaugh Steven , Aitken Moira L. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Wolf Whitney E. , Knowles Michael R. , Zariwala Maimoona A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOFD1 has long been recognized as the gene implicated in the classic dysmorphology syndrome, oral‐facial‐digital syndrome type I (OFDSI). Over time, pathogenic variants in OFD1 were found to be associated with X‐linked intellectual disability, Joubert syndrome type 10 (JBTS10), Simpson‐Golabi‐Behmel syndrome type 2 (SGBS2), and retinitis pigmentosa. Recently, OFD1 pathogenic variants have been implicated in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disorder of the motile cilia with a phenotype that includes recurrent oto‐sino‐pulmonary infections, situs abnormalities, and decreased fertility.MethodsWe describe three male patients with PCD who were found to have hemizygous pathogenic variants in OFD1, further supporting that PCD is part of a clinical spectrum of OFD1‐related disorders. In addition, we provide a review of the available clinical literature describing patients with OFD1 variants and highlight the phenotypic variability of OFD1‐related disease.ResultsSome individuals with hemizygous OFD1 variants have PCD, either apparently isolated or in combination with other features of OFD1‐related disorders.ConclusionAs clinicians consider the presence or absence of conditions allelic at OFD1, PCD should be considered part of the spectrum of OFD1‐related disorders. Understanding the OFD1‐related disease spectrum may allow for more focused genetic testing and more timely management of treatable sequelae.
Adenosine stress CMR perfusion imaging of the temporal evolution of perfusion defects in a porcine model of progressive obstructive coronary artery occlusion
Authors: Van Houten M. , Yang Y. , Hauser A. , Glover D.K. , Gan L‐M. , Yeager M. , Salerno M. 
Published: August 2019

Adenosine stress CMR perfusion imaging can quantify absolute perfusion and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) in coronary artery disease (CAD) with higher spatial resolution than positron emission tomography, the only clinically available technique for quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging. While porcine models of CAD are excellent for studying perfusion abnormalities in chronic CAD, to date there are a limited number of studies that use quantitative perfusion for evaluation. Therefore, we developed an adenosine stress CMR protocol to evaluate the temporal evolution of perfusion defects in a porcine model of progressive obstructive CAD. 10 Yucatan minipigs underwent placement of an ameroid occluder around the left circumflex artery (LCX) to induce a progressive chronic coronary obstruction. Four animals underwent a hemodynamic dose range experiment to determine the adenosine dose inducing maximal hyperemia. Each animal had a CMR examination, including stress/rest spiral quantitative perfusion imaging at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 weeks. Late gadolinium enhancement images determined the presence of myocardial infarction, if any existed. Pixelwise quantitative perfusion maps were generated using Fermi deconvolution. The results were statistically analyzed with a repeated mixed measures model to block for physiological variation between the animals. Five animals developed myocardial infarction by 3 weeks, while three developed ischemia without an infarction. The perfusion defects were located in the inferolateral myocardium in the perfusion territory of the LCX. Stress perfusion values were higher in remote segments than both the infarcted and ischemic segments (p < 0.01). MPR values were significantly greater in the remote segments than infarcted and ischemic segments (p < 0.01). While the MPR decreased in all segments, the MPR recovered by the sixth week in the remote regions. We developed a model of progressive CAD and evaluated the temporal evolution of the development of quantitative perfusion defects. This model will serve as a platform for understanding the development of perfusion abnormalities in chronic occlusive CAD.
An indicator‐based problem reduction scheme for coupled reactive transport models
Authors: Freeman Brubeck Lee , Cleall Peter John , Jefferson Anthony Duncan 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA number of effective models have been developed for simulating chemical transport in porous media; however, when a reactive chemical problem comprises multiple species within a substantial domain for a long period of time, the computational cost can become prohibitively expensive. This issue is addressed here by proposing a new numerical procedure to reduce the number of transport equations to be solved. This new problem reduction scheme (PRS) uses a predictor‐corrector approach, which “predicts” the transport of a set of non‐indicator species using results from a set of indicator species before “correcting” the non‐indicator concentrations using a mass balance error measure. The full chemical transport model is described along with experimental validation. The PRS is then presented together with an investigation, based on a 16‐species reaction‐advection‐diffusion problem, which determines the range of applicability of different orders of the PRS. The results of a further study are presented, in which a set of PRS simulations is compared with those from full model predictions. The application of the scheme to the intermediate‐sized problems considered in the present study showed reductions of up to 82% in CPU time, with good levels of accuracy maintained.
Tightened Immigration Policies and the Self‐Employment Dynamics of Mexican Immigrants
Authors: Wang Chunbei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs the U.S. government has intensified its crackdown on illegal immigration in recent years, an important question to ask is how undocumented immigrants react to the stricter enforcement of immigration laws. This paper seeks to answer whether they increasingly choose self‐employment in an effort to avoid apprehension and subsequent deportation. To guard against endogeneity bias that might stem from increased enforcement in reaction to illegal immigration, the empirical analysis makes use of the September 11 terror attacks (9/11), which inadvertently triggered stricter immigration enforcement nationwide, as a natural experiment. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach and data from the Current Population Survey between 1996 and 2006, this paper examines the changes in the self‐employment choices of male and non‐citizen Mexican immigrants (a proxy for undocumented immigrants) compared to less‐educated Whites (the control group). The findings indicate that male and non‐citizen Mexican immigrants are substantially more likely (40 percent) to enter into self‐employment than less‐educated Whites after 9/11. The analysis further suggests that this finding is not driven by the 2001 recession that coincided with the terror attacks. The increased entries are mainly observed in the group that is most likely to be in the United States illegally and in those who face strong economic incentives. In addition, increased entries are not driven by increased unemployment among Mexican immigrants after the 9/11 event, but, rather, they reflect a change in the behavior of the unemployed Mexican immigrants, perhaps due to changes in perceived risks of detection and deportation.
Microscopic distribution of syringin in freeze‐fixed Syringa vulgaris stems
Authors: Aoki Dan , Okumura Wakaba , Akita Takuya , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Yoshida Masato , Sano Yuzou , Fukushima Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMonolignols are precursors of lignin, and their glucosides are often found in plants. Glucosylation creates water‐soluble and chemically stable monolignols by protecting the phenolic hydroxyl group. To discuss the role of sinapyl alcohol glucoside, syringin, in planta, the cellular distribution of syringin in the transverse and radial surfaces of quick‐frozen stems of Syringa vulgaris L. (lilac) was visualized by cryo‐time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (cryo‐TOF‐SIMS/SEM) analyses. The amount and rough distribution of syringin were confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography measurements using serial tangential sections of freeze‐fixed lilac stems. The syringin distribution was also discussed with reference to the tissue classification from microscopic observations. Syringin was mainly found in the phloem region. In the xylem region, syringin was evenly distributed irrespective of the cell type from the cambial zone to the early differentiating stage region and selectively distributed in vessels in the later differentiating stage region. After the lignification of wood fibers, syringin was found in rays and some vessels in the initial part of the annual rings. Previously, artificially administered isotope‐labeled syringin was shown to be assimilated into lignin in the differentiating xylem region. Based on this, our present data showing syringin storage in the differentiating xylem region and its variation depending on the lignification stage suggest that syringin works as a lignin precursor. Additionally, detection of syringin in vessels and rays indicates intercellular transportation of syringin in lilac stems.
Safety Issue of Changed Nanotoxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in the Multicomponent System
Authors: Huang Yanan , Ding Lin , Li Chenchen , Wu Min , Wang Mimi , Yao Chenjie , Yin Xuelian , Zhang Junfeng , Liu Jinliang , Zhang Yong , Wu Minghong , Wang Yanli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen nanomaterials are exposed to complex systems, such as food, they may cause significant changes in physical and chemical properties and even toxicity. The toxicity evaluation of complex systems is urgent. Unfortunately, so far, there is no database established about the toxicity changes of nanoparticles in composite systems. In this paper, the changes and toxicity mechanism of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in a composite system are studied. The results show that the dissolution of zinc ions (Zn2+) in acidic systems (vitamin C, tartaric acid, or citric acid) increases the toxicity of ZnO NPs. However, the toxicity of ZnO NPs is reduced by the complexation effect with Zn2+ in phosphoric acid, phosphate, and glutathione systems. The influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on the toxicity of ZnO NPs depends on size and surface properties. In brief, the intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis level is the decisive factor in determining the toxicity change in complex systems. The results indicate that the toxicity changes are very different in combined systems, which may have potential food safety issues, especially for unstable nanoparticles.
A systematic review on antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil and further confirmation of antiinflammatory activity by chemical profiling and molecular docking
Authors: Afroz Mohasana , Zihad S. M. Neamul Kabir , Uddin Shaikh Jamal , Rouf Razina , Rahman Md. Shamim , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Khan Ishaq N. , Ali Eunüs S. , Aziz Shahin , Shilpi Jamil A. , Nahar Lutfun , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: August 2019

Traditionally, sesame oil (SO) has been used as a popular food and medicine. The review aims to summarize the antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of SO and its identified compounds as well as further fatty acid profiling and molecular docking study to correlate the interaction of its identified constituents with cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). For this, a literature study was made using Google Scholar, Pubmed, and SciFinder databases. Literature study demonstrated that SO has potential antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects in various test systems, including humans, animals, and cultured cells through various pathways such as inhibition of COX, nonenzymatic defense mechanism, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, NF‐kB or mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling, and prostaglandin synthesis pathway. Fatty acid analysis of SO using gas chromatography identified known nine fatty acids. In silico study revealed that sesamin, sesaminol, sesamolin, stigmasterol, Δ5‐avenasterol, and Δ7‐avenasterol (−9.6 to −10.7 kcal/mol) were the most efficient ligand for interaction and binding with COX‐2. The known fatty acid also showed binding efficiency with COX‐2 to some extent (−6.0 to −8.4 kcal/mol). In summary, it is evident that SO may be one of promising traditional medicines that we could use in the prevention and management of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
Retrieval of sea surface salinity from SMAP L‐band radiometer: A novel approach for wind speed correction
Authors: Sharma Neerja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present article introduces a new sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieval technique from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) L–band (1.4 GHz) microwave radiometer. The ocean surface wind speed (WS) correction, which is very critical in any of the SSS retrieval techniques, is accounted for with a different approach. A model function between ΔSSS (the difference between SSS of flat and rough ocean surfaces) and ocean surface WS is developed and used to correct the impact of ocean surface roughness due to the winds on SSS. In addition to WS correction, the retrieval technique appropriately accounts for the effects of atmospheric attenuation on L‐band frequency due to water vapour and oxygen, and ocean surface temperature on SSS. The performance of the estimations is statistically evaluated by comparing the estimations with the in situ Argo, buoy SSS, and SMAP version 3, 70 km resolution SSS observations in global oceans during 2016. The retrieved salinity well captured the global distribution patterns of SSS, including low and high values. Comparison of retrieved salinity with Argo and SMAP products show a root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 0.32 and 0.39 psu, a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94 and 0.93, and a scatter index of 0.0093 and 0.011 respectively on a monthly time‐scale. In addition, retrieved SSS promisingly captured day‐to‐day variability in SSS observed by tropical moored buoy SSS with RMSE of 0.36 psu and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94. The validation confirms the potential ability of the new retrieval technique in capturing SSS changes on daily and monthly time‐scales.
Thermochemical study of gaseous indium–arsenic sulfosalt
Authors: Shugurov Sergey M. , Panin Andrej I. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Pulyalina Alexandra Yu 
Published: August 2019

RationaleSulfide systems are often used at high temperatures, when vaporization of the components is enabled. Sulfide ores are used as sources of various metals and nonmetals and gaseous sulfides, and sulfosalts may also play a role in the atmosphere chemistry of hot rocky exoplanets. To predict the existence and thermal stability of gaseous sulfides and sulfosalts it is important to know their thermodynamic characteristics. In this study the sulfosalt of indium and arsenic was obtained in the gaseous phase for the first time.MethodsHigh‐temperature Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry was used to determine the partial pressures of vapor species over indium and arsenic sulfides. A molybdenum double two‐temperature cell was used to create the conditions of coexistence of indium and arsenic sulfides. A theoretical study of gaseous As4S4 and In2AsS2 was performed using both B3LYP, M06, PBE0 and TPSSh hybrid DFT functionals and an ab initio wave function‐based MP2(Full) method.ResultsGaseous In2AsS2 has been identified during vaporization of In6S7 and As2S3 from the molybdenum double two‐temperature cell. The structure and molecular parameters of gaseous In2AsS2 were determined using quantum chemical calculations. Energetically favorable structures of gaseous In2S, AsS, As4S4 and In2AsS2 were found and vibrational frequencies were evaluated in the harmonic approximation. The formation enthalpy of gaseous In2AsS2 (186 ± 37 kJ mol−1) was derived as a result of measurements of the equilibrium constants of two independent gas‐phase reactions.ConclusionsThe gaseous sulfosalt of indium and arsenic was obtained for the first time. The formation enthalpy of the In2AsS2 (g) molecule at 298 K was evaluated both experimentally and theoretically. The thermal stability of the gaseous sulfosalt is less than that of the gaseous oxyacid salts.
Parameter inference with deep jointly informed neural networks
Authors: Humbird Kelli D. , Peterson J. Luc , McClarren Ryan G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA common challenge in modeling inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments with computer simulations is that many of the simulation inputs are unknown and cannot be directly measured. Often, parameters that are measured in the experiment are used to infer the unknown inputs by solving the inverse problem: finding the set of simulation inputs that result in outputs consistent with the experimental observations. In ICF, this process is often referred to as a “post‐shot analysis.” Post‐shot analyses are challenging as the inverse problem is often highly degenerate, the input parameter space is vast, and simulations are computationally expensive. In this work, deep neural network models equipped with model uncertainty estimates are used to train inverse models, which map directly from output to input space, to find the distribution of post‐shot simulations that are consistent with experimental observations. The inverse model approach is compared to Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of the forward model, which maps from input to output space, for parameter inference tasks of varying complexity. The inverse models perform best when searching vast parameter spaces for post‐shot simulations that are consistent with a large number of observables, where MCMC sampling can be prohibitively expensive. We demonstrate how augmenting inverse models with autoencoders enable the inclusion of several dozen observables in the inverse mapping, reducing the degeneracy of the model and improving the accuracy of the post‐shot analysis.
Revealing the Simultaneous Effects of Conductivity and Amorphous Nature of Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited Double‐Anion‐Based Zinc Oxysulfide as Superior Anodes in Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sinha Soumyadeep , Didwal Pravin N. , Nandi Dip K. , Verma Rakesh , Cho Jae Yu , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Park Chan‐Jin , Heo Jaeyeong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered promising alternatives to their Li counterparts, they still suffer from challenges like slow kinetics of the sodiation process, large volume change, and inferior cycling stability. On the other hand, the presence of additional reversible conversion reactions makes the metal compounds the preferred anode materials over carbon. However, conductivity and crystallinity of such materials often play the pivotal role in this regard. To address these issues, atomic layer deposited double‐anion‐based ternary zinc oxysulfide (ZnOS) thin films as an anode material in SIBs are reported. Electrochemical studies are carried out with different O/(O+S) ratios, including O‐rich and S‐rich crystalline ZnOS along with the amorphous phase. Amorphous ZnOS with the O/(O+S) ratio of ≈0.4 delivers the most stable and considerably high specific (and volumetric) capacities of 271.9 (≈1315.6 mAh cm−3) and 173.1 mAh g−1 (≈837.7 mAh cm−3) at the current densities of 500 and 1000 mA g−1, respectively. A dominant capacitive‐controlled contribution of the amorphous ZnOS anode indicates faster electrochemical reaction kinetics. An electrochemical reaction mechanism is also proposed via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. A comparison of the cycling stability further establishes the advantage of this double‐anion‐based material over pristine ZnO and ZnS anodes.
SnSe2 Nanosheets for Subpicosecond Harmonic Mode‐Locked Pulse Generation
Authors: Liu Ji‐Shu , Li Xiao‐Hui , Guo Yi‐Xuan , Qyyum Abdul , Shi Zhao‐Jiang , Feng Tian‐Ci , Zhang Ying , Jiang Chuan‐Xiu , Liu Xin‐Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTin diselenide (SnSe2) nanosheets as novel 2D layered materials have excellent optical properties with many promising application prospects, such as photoelectric detectors, nonlinear optics, infrared photoelectric devices, and ultrafast photonics. Among them, ultrafast photonics has attracted much attention due to its enormous advantages; for instance, extremely fast pulse, strong peak power, and narrow bandwidth. In this work, SnSe2 nanosheets are fabricated by using solvothermal treatment, and the characteristics of SnSe2 are systemically investigated. In addition, the solution of SnSe2 nanosheets is successfully prepared as a fiber‐based saturable absorber by utilizing the evanescent field effect, which can bear a high pump power. 31st‐order subpicosecond harmonic mode locking is generated in an Er‐doped fiber laser, corresponding to the maximum repetition rate of 257.3 MHz and pulse duration of 887 fs. The results show that SnSe2 can be used as an excellent nonlinear photonic device in many fields, such as frequency comb, lasers, photodetectors, etc.
Ultra-high-throughput picoliter-droplet microfluidics screening of the industrial cellulase-producing filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei
Authors: He Ronglin , Ding Ruihua , Heyman John A , Zhang Dongyuan , Tu Ran 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The selection of improved producers among the huge number of variants in mutant libraries is a key issue in filamentous fungi of industrial biotechnology. Here, we developed a droplet-based microfluidic high-throughput screening platform for selection of high-cellulase producers from filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. The screening system used a fluorogenic assay to measure amount of cellulase and its activity. The key effectors such as cellulase-inducing medium, spore germination, droplet cultivation time, droplet fluorescence signal detection, and droplet cell sorting were studied. An artificial pre-mixed library of high- and low-cellulase-producing T. reesei strains was screened successfully to verify the feasibility of our method. Finally, two cellulase hyperproducers exhibiting improvements in cellulase activity of 27% and 46% were isolated from an atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP)-mutated library. This high-throughput screening system could be applied to the engineering of T. reesei strains and other industrially valuable protein-producing filamentous fungi.