bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Activated Sludge Models in Traditionally Operated Treatment Plants—A Software Environment Overview
Authors: Sorour Mohamed Tarek , Bahgat Laila M.F. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Activated sludge simulation modelling is considered an accepted tool in engineering practice. However, due to the complexity involved, these models are only extensively used within a limited scientific community. There is a true need to increase the use of these models among average plant operators to make them better understand the interactions of various factors of the process. A user-friendly software environment that enables an ordinary user to access and use these models to simulate a system without the need for either a complete understanding of underlying models or any special programming skills will help promote model applications.
This paper defines the broad architecture of such an environment and identifies other applications that should be integrated into the simulator such as expert systems and database systems. It also discusses the steps necessary to develop a reliable site-independent activated sludge simulator. Finally, the paper points out that to introduce mathematical model simulations to traditionally operated treatment plants, a how-to protocol is needed to adjust routine operating data for model use.
A Review of the Efficiency of Buffer Strips for the Maintenance and Enhancement of Riparian Ecosystems
Authors: Hickey M. Brian C. , Doran Bruce 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Vegetative buffer strips are being widely promoted as an effective technique to protect rivers and streams from the negative impacts of adjacent land uses including forestry and agriculture. An extensive review of the literature revealed that despite the intuitive appeal of buffer strips, data demonstrating their efficacy is highly variable and most studies demonstrating significant nutrient removal in buffer zones come from studies undertaken in riparian buffers greater than 30 m wide. These buffers are much wider than what land managers can typically expect farmers to remove from active production in order to protect water quality. Research attempting to demonstrate the efficacy of riparian buffers needs to focus on buffer widths that are within the range that landowners are likely to "give up" in the name of water quality protection. Lack of experimental evidence from buffers in the 1- to 10-m width range typically encountered on farms makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of riparian buffers in agricultural areas.
A Modelling Analysis of Urban Stormwater Flow Regimes and their Implication for Stream Erosion
Authors: Fan Celia , Li James 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Stream erosion is a major issue in stormwater management. The objectives of this research are to investigate by means of computer modelling: (a) the flow-duration characteristics of a receiving stream before and after urbanization; (b) the implication of flow regime changes on stream erosion potential with and without control measures (e.g., extended detention basins and source control); and (c) the maximum degree of urbanization, for which stream erosion may be unavoidable regardless of the stormwater control measures applied. The U.S. EPA Stormwater Management Model was used in the analysis of flowduration characteristics of a small northern Ontario watershed. It was found that flow-duration characteristics of the stream could change significantly after urbanization. Although no stream erosion was modelled in this investigation, the change in flow regimes after urbanization may indicate potential stream bed and/or channel erosion. Extended detention basins with short detention times (24-h) could control flow-duration characteristics at low flow rates better than those with long detention times (48-h). Both extended detention basins and source control measures should be applied in order to bring the flow duration curve after urbanization back to its original position. If the watershed were to be urbanized beyond 40% of imperviousness, it may not be possible to bring the flow duration curve back to its original position in spite of the various source control measures and detention basins used. The optimal location of detention ponds for erosion control depends upon the range of flows, which control the stability of the stream.
Mercury Contamination of Marine Sediments and Blue Mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the Vicinity of a Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plant in Dalhousie, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Garron Christine , Gagné François , Ernst William , Julien Gary , Bernier Marc , Caldwell Cathy 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This report examines mercury concentrations in the marine environment of the Restigouche River, near a mercury cell chloralkali plant operated by Pioneer Chemicals Canada Inc. (PCI) in Dalhousie, New Brunswick. The PCI plant is a known point source of mercury in the area, but the extent of marine contamination in the Baie des Chaleurs as a result of those discharges has not been recently evaluated.
Marine sediments (five transects), mussel tissue (six locations) and effluent samples (four locations) were obtained in the vicinity of the PCI plant and analyzed for total mercury. Mussel tissues were also analyzed for condition index, metallothioneins and zinc in the digestive gland and gonad as well as gonad vitellin-like proteins and digestive gland lipid peroxidation. Results indicated that the area of the Restigouche River around the PCI plant had elevated concentrations of mercury in sediment and mussel tissue compared with local background concentrations. Mercury concentrations in sediments decreased with distance from the chlor-alkali plant. Concentrations in sediments ranged from 0.03 mg/kg at a distance of 4.6 km to 1.96 mg/kg at a distance of 20 m from the shoreline at the plant. Nine sites had mercury concentrations exceeding the CCME Interim Sediment Quality Guideline (0.13 mg/kg), the furthest of which was 1090 m from PCI. Mercury concentrations in water discharges from four of the five observed outfalls ranged from 0.84 to 4.32 µg/L. Mercury concentrations in mussel tissue ranged from 0.02 mg/kg at a distance 4.6 km from the plant to 1.40 mg/kg directly in front of the plant. Condition index and zinc concentrations in mussels close to the plant were correlated with mercury levels; however, some abnormal biomarker results were found at locations far from the plant as well, indicating other sources of contaminants.
Further studies are recommended to define the area of contamination near the PCI plant, as well as to determine the potential impact of other sources of mercury in the area. The environmental risk of the mercury contamination should also be more clearly established.
Modelling Approaches for Subsurface Drainage Water Quality Management
Authors: Rudra Ramesh Pal , Negi Satish C. , Gupta Neelam 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Contamination of surface waters by agricultural activities is a serious problem. Two different modelling approaches to simulate nutrient and pesticide transport in subsurface drained soils were investigated in this study. First, artificial neural network (ANN) models, a trainable fast back-propagation (FBP) network and a self-organizing radial basis function (RBF) network, were developed for simulation of NO3--N concentration in tile effluent. Second, a hydrologic model, DRAINMOD, was linked with a chemical transport model, GLEAMS, to simulate chemical transport of atrazine through the soil into subsurface drain outflow. The ANN models and linked DRAINMOD-GLEAMS model were calibrated and validated against experimental data collected at the Greenbelt Research Farm of Agriculture Canada during the years 1988, 1989 and from 1991 to 1994. Several statistical parameters were calculated to evaluate model performance. A comparison of results indicated that the RBF neural network model was superior to the FBP model in predicting drain outflow and NO3--N concentration. Results obtained from the linked DRAINMOD-GLEAMS model demonstrate that atrazine simulations were underpredicted in subsurface drain outflows for spring and fall seasons. Both modelling approaches provide a useful tool for management of fertilizer/manure and pesticides transport through soil and crop root zones into surface water.
Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification in a Single Reactor using Ciliated Columns Packed with Granular Sulfur
Authors: Hwang Yong-Woo , Kim Chang-Gyun , Choo In-Jun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the possibility of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an activated sludge using a cilia media packed with granular sulfur in a single reactor. For the granular sulfur column adopted, the total nitrogen removal was up to 67%. This facilitated the simultaneous decomposition of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers present at a 5:2 ratio. On the other hand, the control incubation test employing glass beads achieved only 18% denitrification. Regardless of the NH4-N loadings, the use of ciliated granular sulfur columns, made denitrification 1.5 times faster than when cilia was not used. The size of the granular sulfur columns directly contributed to the extent of denitrification, which was correlated to the void sphere of anoxic zones through the columns. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations lower than 4.0 mg/L did not influence the level of denitrification. However, when higher than 4.0 mg/L, the DO began to negatively impact the denitrification rate. The study found that the simple installation of a cilia media packed with granular sulfur in an existing activated sludge could simultaneously achieve an efficient nitrification/denitrification in a single reactor.
Variations saisonnières des concentrations en métaux (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn et Zn) chez l'algue Fucus spiralis du littoral de la ville d'El Jadida (Maroc)
Authors: Kaimoussi Aziz , Mouzdahir Abdelkrim , Saih Abdelkbir 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cette étude porte sur l'évaluation des concentrations de certains métaux traces (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn et Zn) chez l'algue brune Fucus spiralis du littoral de la ville d'El Jadida. Ces concentrations ont été étudiées davril 1998 à mars 1999 dans quatre stations de prélèvement dont trois sont caractérisées comme sites dimportants rejets deaux usées et dactivités industrielles croissantes. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la capacité d'accumulation des métaux traces varie en fonction de site de prélèvement et de la saison. La comparaison de nos données avec celles publiées dans la littérature montre que les algues étudiées présentent en général des valeurs plus faibles que celles provenant d'autres aires géographiques.
A Study of Water Quality in Lower Oum Rabiaa Basin, Morocco: Speciation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Authors: Taoufik Mohamed , Dafir Jamal Eddine 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A two-year survey of the physicochemical parameters and nutrient speciation in a lower Oum Rabiaa basin, characterized by three dams in series (Imfout, Daourat and Sidi Maâchou), was performed from December 1998 to November 2000.
The presence of the three dams in series is responsible for the nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the dams because of the reduction of fluvial contributions to the lower sector. Multivariate statistics were used to identify the principal factors influencing water chemistry in the individual dam systems. The three dams are influenced mainly by nutrient and organic sources. The eutrophication status of the studied systems was evaluated by N/P ratios. Mean N/P ratios at the three dams showed a high likelihood of P-limitation. Highest values were observed primarily during winter and early spring.
Soil and Groundwater Quality under a Cattle Feedlot in Southern Alberta
Authors: Olson Barry M. , Miller Jim J. , Rodvang S. Joan , Yanke L. Jay 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Environmental concerns related to manure often focus on land application and the negative effects on soil and water quality. However, there is also potential for contamination of soil and water directly from feedlot sites. The objective of this study was to determine if a newly constructed feedlot in southern Alberta would change soil and groundwater quality under the feedlot within the first four years of operation. A cattle feedlot was constructed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre in Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1995 and 1996. Sixteen groundwater wells were installed at the feedlot in 1996. Groundwater chemistry and microbiology were monitored from 1996 to 2000, which included a baseline period of 3 months at the start before the feedlot was stocked with cattle. Soil samples (0- to 0.15-m, 0.15- to 0.3-m, and every 0.3-m to 1.5-m depth) were collected in 1996 and 1999. Mean water-table depth ranged from 1.23 to 2.50 m. Some soil chemical properties, PO4-P, NO3-N, NH4-N and K, were only significantly affected in the top 0.15-m layer. Other soil properties, EC, SAR, SO4-S, Mg, Ca and Na, increased significantly to a depth of 0.6 m. Chloride content increased significantly to a depth of 1.5 m. Groundwater analysis indicated that contaminants had leached to the water table. Chloride concentrations, E. coli counts and total coliform counts increased in the wells within the pen area, whereas there was little change in the wells outside the pen area.
Evaluation of Horseradish Peroxidase for the Treatment of Estrogenic Alkylphenols
Authors: Wagner Monika , Nicell James A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The xenoestrogen alkylphenols 4-nonylphenol (3.4 mg/L) and octylphenol (6.0 mg/L) were oxidized by hydrogen peroxide using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a biocatalyst. Substrate transformation required about one mole of peroxide per mole of phenolic compound. A high degree of conversion of alkylphenol was achieved within a 3-h reaction time. In the case of 4-nonylphenol, HRP treatment led to complete disappearance of Microtox toxicity. Results of the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay demonstrated that the reaction products of HRP-catalyzed 4-nonylphenol conversion lacked estrogenic activity. A new approach to the YES assay has been suggested based on observations made during this study.
Étude de l'élimination de Cr(VI) par une boue biologique après épandage
Authors: Iddou Abdelkader , Ouali Mohand Said 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Plusieurs industries, telles que les tanneries, la métallurgie, de traitement de surface, etc, produisent des quantités significatives de déchets liquides riches en élément chrome sous sa forme de Cr(VI). Cette étude traite de l'élimination de cette espèce chimique très toxique. Les expériences ont été effectuées en « batch » sous agitation et le matériau utilisé est une boue de station d'épuration biologique après épandage. Plusieurs facteurs physico-chimiques jouent un rôle dans l'efficacité de l'élimination de l'espèce étudiée sur le support choisi. En effet, des observations de l'influence qu'ont sur le processus des facteurs tels que la variation de la concentration initiale du Cr(VI), le rapport solide/solution ainsi que l'apport en oxygène au système permettent de suggérer un mécanisme d'élimination. L'étude a montré qu'il est nécessaire que la flore microbienne présente dans le support s'adapte au milieu auquel elle est soumise. Cette adaptation est d'autant plus importante que les espèces responsables de l'élimination du Cr(VI) sont plus efficaces à des concentrations inférieures à 30 mg/L, avec des taux d'élimination de 100% au bout de 48 heures. Une plus grande efficacité du système fermé et une cinétique d'ordre 1 sont mises en évidence
L'utilisation de ce genre de matériau dans le traitement des eaux en général, et des eaux chargées en élément Cr(VI) en particulier, permettrait d'une part la réduction des déchets des stations d'épuration biologique des eaux et d'autre part, l'élimination totale de l'élément toxique Cr(VI) à de faibles concentrations, entraînant ainsi la baisse du coût d'exploitation dans les stations d'épuration de rejets chargés en chrome de certaines industries telle que celle de traitement de surface.
Impact of Feeding Activity of Silver Carp on Plankton Removal from a High-Rate Pond Effluent
Authors: Berday Nadia , Zaoui Driss , Lamrini Abdeljaouad , Abi Mustapha 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The effect of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) feeding activity on the plankton communities in a high-rate pond technology system (HRPTS) effluent was investigated over a period of 100 days. The experiment was conducted at the experimental wastewater treatment plant of the Agronomic and Veterinary Medicine Institute (AVI) of Rabat, Morocco, using a HRPTS in a fish pond receiving the plant effluent. The effluent was highly dominated by phytoplankton (99.95%).
Silver carp could survive and grow in the fish pond. Production was 37 kg with a very low mortality rate (12%). The high specific intestine weight (7%) and intake rates of biomass and phytoplankton by silver carp (616 g kg-1 of fish day-1 and 1.6 x 1011 cell kg-1 of fish day-1, respectively) demonstrated the importance of the feeding activity of the fish. Zooplankton intake rates were lower (2 x 107 bodies kg-1 of fish day-1). The high intestine index (3 to 4.3 for fish sizes of 14 to 22 cm) and the dominance of phytoplankton in the gut contents (99.95%) confirmed an omnivorous/ phytoplanctivorous diet.
Silver carp were efficient in removing plankton from the HRPTS effluent. The net removal yields of biomass were 285 g m-3 day-1 and 322 g kg-1 of fish day-1, 7 x 1010 algal cells kg-1 of fish day-1 and 8.7 x 107 zooplankton bodies kg-1 of fish day-1, with net removal rates of 47, 64 and 62%, respectively. The total suspended solids concentration decreased from 211 in the inflow to 112 mg L-1 in the fish pond.
Évolution des métaux traces dans les eaux de l'oued Sebou en période humide — Approche par modélisation mathématique
Authors: Es-Sette Btissame , Ajdor Youssef , Zidane Fatiha , Fakhraddine Abdelbassit , Foutlane Ali 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cet article présente les résultats d'un modèle de transport des métaux traces développé pour l’étude de la pollution par le chrome et le nickel dans l'oued Sebou. Ce modèle, associé à un modèle hydrodynamique unidimensionnel, est représenté par un schéma conceptuel tenant compte des phénomènes physiques et chimiques dans l'eau et le sédiment, tels que l'adsorptiondésorption, la sédimentation, la remise en suspension, la sédimentation profonde et la diffusion. Ces processus sont traduits en équations mathématiques faisant appel à des schémas numériques minimisant la dispersion numérique. Le but de ce travail est de prévoir le comportement des métaux traces et leur devenir afin de déterminer les zones à risque de pollution métallique et de situer le degré de pollution de l'eau dans les environs des prises d'eau. Les simulations faites par le modèle en période humide montrent que, du point de vue pollution par les métaux traces, le bief compris entre Sidi Harazem et Azib Soltane peut être subdivisé en trois zones : la première, non critique, exempte de pollution métallique, la seconde, moyennement critique, présentant des concentrations relativement faibles en chrome et en nickel et la dernière, critique, où les teneurs en métaux étudiés dépassent la norme admissible pour des eaux potables.
Detailed Endocrine Assessments of Wild Fish in the Northern River Basins, Alberta, in Comparison to EEM Monitored Endpoints
Authors: McMaster Mark E. , Hewitt L. Mark , Tetreault Gerald R. , Janoscik Tamara , Boyko Chad , Peters Lisa , Parrott Joanne L. , Van Der Kraak Glen J. , Portt Cam B. , Kroll Kevin J. , Denslow Nancy D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
During the Northern River Basins Study (NRBS), several issues were highlighted regarding the health of resident fish populations. Based on a basin-wide study of gonad morphology and circulating sex steroid levels, there was preliminary evidence of potential endocrine disruption in fish within the basins. The main concern with this was the potential loss of reproductive capability and possible declining populations. The Northern Rivers Ecosystem Initiative was established in response to the NRBS and an endocrine study was conducted to evaluate in more detail reproductive endocrine function of fish within the identified areas. A suite of endocrine endpoints was used and compared to overall fish health assessments using the Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Programs protocol in areas exposed to sewage and pulp and paper mill effluents. As these northern rivers are nutrient-limited, fish responded to effluent addition (increased nutrients) by showing signs of increased growth and development relative to the upstream reference fish. Some signs of altered reproductive function were observed downstream of the one mill site, however additional responses were observed downstream of a municipal sewage treatment plant discharge from the neighbouring community. The reproductive responses were minimal compared to earlier studies at other older pulp and paper facilities. Follow-up studies at the Grande Prairie site documented changes in the fish responses to the effluents in terms of enrichment. The sewage treatment plant had installed tertiary treatment prior to the latest studies and reductions in the release of nutrients may be the cause. It is not known at the present time whether the pronounced eutrophication response that is still present in these fish may mask other endocrine alterations, as these effluents have endocrine-active compounds in them. The results also emphasize the need for EEM-like monitoring downstream of municipal sewage discharges.
Accumulation of Hormonally Active Substances by Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to Effluents Discharged to the Wabigoon River
Authors: Hewitt Mark , Schryer Rick , Pryce Andrea , Belknap Andrew , Firth Barry , Van Der Kraak Glen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A study was initiated in the spring of 2001 to determine if hormonally active chemicals are bioavailable to white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) residing in the Wabigoon River, downstream of the bleached kraft pulp mill and municipal sewage outfall located in Dryden, Ontario. Females collected during spawning migrations in May 2001 at a near-field exposure site exhibited increased condition factor, liver size and fecundity relative to those collected from a reference site. Liver samples within each site were pooled, soxhlet extracted and fractionated by gel permeation chromatography and HPLC according to octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow). Fractions were then tested to determine if fish accumulated ligands which bind to the goldfish testicular androgen receptor (AR) and sex steroid binding protein (SSBP). The levels of hormonally active substances were low in males whereas females had accumulated significant amounts of several chemicals capable of binding to the hormone receptors. The levels of ligands detected in pulp mill effluent samples were substantially reduced after secondary treatment. Fractionation of final effluent extracts showed only ligands for the AR in the hydrophobic region (log Kow &gt;5), which corresponded to the activities detected in fish tissues from both sexes. It can be concluded that ligands for fish sex steroid receptors are present in final effluent after treatment at the pulp mill and chemicals with the same Kow are bioavailable to fish under spring freshet conditions. Further work at this site is necessary to determine the contribution of pulp mill and municipal sewage effluents to the physiological performance of fish in the Wabigoon River and to their burden of accumulated compounds.