bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Series: Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus with Acute Orbital Inflammation
Authors: Bak Eunoo , Kim Namju , Khwarg Sang In , Choung Ho-Kyung 
Published: March 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) has variable initial manifestations, and acute orbital inflammation may be the first sign without apparent zoster rash. This case series is significant for presenting diverse clinical features and treatment options of HZO with acute orbital inflammation.

PURPOSE
To report a case series of patients diagnosed as HZO with acute orbital inflammation including two cases with unique presentations.

CASE REPORTS
Medical records of four patients of HZO with acute orbital inflammation were reviewed. Two men and two women with a median age of 57 years (range, 32 to 69 years) were diagnosed as having HZO with acute orbital inflammation. Initial presentations included two cases of zoster rash and two cases of orbital pain preceding vesicles. Clinical orbital findings included proptosis, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and decreased visual acuity. Orbital magnetic resonance image showed enlarged extraocular muscle with enhancement and optic nerve sheath enhancement in all four patients, and unilateral dacryoadenitis in one patient. All four patients were administered with systemic steroid, three patients received intravenous acyclovir, and one patient received oral acyclovir. Orbital signs improved in all patients over several months.

CONCLUSIONS
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus may initially present with orbital inflammatory signs, such as acute orbital myositis, perioptic neuritis, or dacryoadenitis, without zoster rash. Physicians should be aware of acute orbital inflammation as a presenting sign of HZO.
Case Report: Acanthamoeba Keratitis Management in a First-trimester Pregnant Patient
Authors: de Borja Domínguez-Serrano Francisco , Caro-Magdaleno Manuel , Perea-Pérez Rafael , Rodríguez-de-la-Rúa Enrique , Montero-Iruzubieta Jesús 
Published: March 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Lacrimal punctal plugs may prevent the teratogenicity of the treatment used in infectious keratitis. Its use should be strongly considered in these cases.

PURPOSE
We present the case of a 7-week pregnant patient with Acanthamoeba keratitis.

CASE REPORT
The patient was a contact lens user with photophobia, redness, and intense pain in the right eye that started 2 weeks earlier. Corrected visual acuity was 20/63 (0.5 logMAR). Biomicroscopy revealed a ciliary injection, perineural infiltrates, and corneal edema. Confocal microscopy and culture confirmed the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Prior to treatment with amebicidal eye drops, plugs were implanted in the lacrimal puncta to reduce the risk of drugs' teratogenicity. Three months after initiating amebicidal treatment, a melting ulcer of immunological etiology developed, which was treated with ReGeneraTing Agent eye drops, carboxymethyl glucose polysulfate (Cacicol; Théa, Clermont-Ferrand, France).

CONCLUSIONS
Lacrimal occlusion with punctal plugs is one of the available options available in cases of pregnant patients to reduce the risk of teratogenicity.
Expanded Paramedian Forehead Flaps for Nasal Defects
Authors: Ni Hai-chun , Wang Jie-cong , Sun Jia-ming , Guo Neng-qiang 
Published: March 2018

Background
Reconstruction of nasal tip defects presents a significant challenge for plastic surgeons. The form, function, and aesthetic appeal of all nasal subunits must be addressed. The expanded paramedian forehead flap is a good choice for nasal reconstruction, providing similar texture, structure, and skin color, and high reliability. This article discusses the authors' modification of the expanded paramedian forehead flap in reconstructing defects on or around the nasal tip.

Methods
Twenty-two patients with nasal defects located on or around the nasal tip were treated in our institution. Sixteen patients underwent nasal reconstruction with expanded forehead flaps. The other 6 cases with cartilage defect underwent reconstruction with expanded forehead flaps and autogenous rib cartilage grafts. Functional and cosmetic results were assessed by surgeon, patient, and patient's relatives using a scale from 1 to 10.

Results
The aesthetic appearance of all patients was significantly improved after surgery. Two cases had mild hyperpigmentation. Two patients considered the flaps too thick. Three cases had minor brow elevation at the donor site. There were no obvious scars at the donor sites. There were no serious complications, such as infection, flap necrosis, deviation, or collapse.

Conclusions
The expanded paramedian forehead flap is a safe and effective method for reconstructing defects located on or around the nasal tip. Moreover, this technique can result in good functional and cosmetic outcomes with very few complications.
Rare Report of Unilateral Postauricular Dermoid Cyst
Authors: Byeon Je Yeon , Choi Hwan Jun , Lee Ji Hye 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Dermoid cysts are benign developmental anomalies that occurred as a result of the sequestration of the skin along the lines of embryonic closure. Those occurring in the cervicofacial region are uncommon, accounting for about 7% of all dermoids and its presence in postauricular region is further exceptionally rare. A healthy 19-year-old Asian boy presented with a unilateral postauricular cyst that had been present since childhood without any symptom. The computed tomography scan revealed an encapsulated tumor with no intracranial extension. Histological examination of a biopsy taken from the lesion revealed a unilocular cyst found in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Multinuclear giant cells and fragments of hair shaft are infiltrated in the cystic wall. Some keratin materials are seen in the intracystic area. However, the lining cells are not found. These histologic findings were suggested of the dermoid cyst. Patients with postauricular dermoid cysts usually seek medical advice for the cosmetic reasons because of the embarrassing look of the prominent unilateral or bilateral ears. The treatment of postauricular dermoid cyst is complete surgical excision of the cyst wall. Incomplete removal may result in recurrence or infection; thus, complete surgical excision is necessary. The prognosis is excellent without further complication.
Characteristics of the Development of the Maxillae and Vomer in Patients With Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Jiang Chanyuan , Zheng Yilue , Yin Ningbei , Song Tao 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical features of the maxillae and vomer in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Craniofacial measurements of 24 adult BCLP patients (GB) and 32 normal adult controls (GN) were carried out. We measured the width and length of the maxillae, their relative positions with respect to the coronal plane passing through the basion, and the volume, length, cross-sectional area, and mean width of the vomer. Between-group differences were assessed using independent-sample t tests. Finite element models (FEMs) were used to explore the bite forces acting on the bone by evaluating the distribution of stress and bone displacement. The mean vomer volume and width were significantly larger in the GB group than in the GN group (P = 0.000), whereas the length was significantly shorter (P = 0.000). The anterior maxillary length (A1-P3M⊥CP) was significantly larger in the GB group (P = 0.013), whereas the posterior maxillary length (P3M-P6M⊥CP) and overall maxillary length (A1-P6M⊥CP) at the dental level were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). In the BCLP FEM analysis, the maximum displacement was on the left premaxillary edge (0.2 mm), and high Mises stresses were found in the superior region of the vomer (22.4 Mpa), high tensile stresses in the inferior region (14.3 Mpa), and significant compressive stresses in the superior region (−24.7 Mpa). In summary, for BCLP patients, forward growth of the maxillae and vomer was inhibited during maxillary development, and the vomer was thicker and its volume was increased compared with the vomer in normal subjects.
The Combined Application of Database and Three-Dimensional Image Registration Technology in the Restoration of Total Nose Defect
Authors: Zeng Wei , Chen Gang , Ju Rui , Yin Huaqiang , Tian Weidong , Tang Wei 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to present a virtual planning protocol based on the database and three-dimensional (3D) image registration technology for the restoration of the total nasal defect, and evaluate its feasibility and clinical efficacy.

Methods:
Patients were scanned with a FaceScan to obtain the 3D facial model which was stored in an Extensible Neuroimaging Archive Toolkit (XNAT) database. Personalized search and similarity evaluation were performed in the database to find a normal 3D facial model with the highest similarity to the patient's. Then, the 2 models were imported into the dedicated software for 3D image registration to get the 3D model of the nasal defect part and the preoperative planning 3D facial model of virtual restoration. Subsequently, the dimensionality reduction algorithm was conducted to transform the 3D model of the nasal defect to a 2D flatten one for determining the scope of the forehead flap during surgery. Four weeks after the insetting surgery of forehead flap pedicle, the postoperative 3D facial model was gained. At last, the clinical efficacy was evaluated by comparing the difference between the preoperative planning and postoperative 3D facial model.

Results:
The nasal shapes of the patients were good after the operation, and the results revealed that the maximum error was ranging from 3.12 to 4.07 mm with the mean error from 0.92 to 1.04 mm.

Conclusion:
The database and 3D image registration technology provide a new approach for precisely determining the scope of total nasal defect and the forehead flap, which may be used for reference in the accurate restoration of other facial soft tissue defects.
Reconstruction of Complex Facial Asymmetry: Problems and Refinements
Authors: Gómez Díaz Oswaldo Javir , Martínez Gutiérrez Diana Carolina , Rueda Gallardo Luz Elena 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article describes 2 patients with complex facial asymmetry characterized by hemiarhinia, microorbitism, palpebral fissure shortening, ipsilateral canthal dystopia, maxillomandibular hypoplasia, and occlusal plane inclination. These unusual phenotypes are part of the oculoauriculo-vertebral spectrum. Their devastating functional, esthetic, and psychologic effects demand the use of different craniofacial surgery techniques, in order to alleviate the profound impact of these pathologies. Initial skeletal balance through bimaxillary distraction osteogenesis and orbital expansion sets the basis for further reconstruction of the nose and periorbital area with local tissue.
Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty With Voltaic Arc Dermabrasion
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Lorusso Felice , Brucoli Matteo , Lucchina Alberta Greco , Carinci Francesco , Mortellaro Carmen 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aging to the upper eyelid complex includes skin laxity, resulting in rhytids, orbicularis oculi hypertrophy, and pseudohermitian of orbital fat and nowadays a high number of patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Excess and laxity of upper eyelid skin affect more than 90% of women, the impact of these problems on the patient's self-esteem can become important enough to affect quality of life in psychological and sociocultural terms.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of blepharoplasty with an electrosurgical technology for treatment of skin laxity of upper eyelid, which produced a lid retraction and an elevation of the upper lid without complications.
This retrospective evaluation was conducted from October 2008 to July 2015, where 80 patients (56 female and 24 male) were treated for excess and laxity of upper eyelid skin with voltaic arc dermabrasion.
The outcome was that all patients displayed some aspects of tissue contraction that stretched the lax skin of the upper eyelids, resulting in cosmetic improvement.
In conclusion this technique was predictable and useful to remove the laxity of upper eyelid skin minimal recurrence rates, and acceptable aesthetics.
Relationship Between Third Mandibular Molar Angulation and Distal Cervical Caries in the Second Molar
Authors: Claudia Andreescu , Barbu Horia Mihail , Adi Lorean , Gultekin Alper , Reiser Vadim , Gultekin Pinar , Mijiritsky Eitan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Third lower molar partially erupted is commonly encountered in dental practice. This situation challenges clinicians with the dilemma whether to remove or to monitor it, because this molar can cause pathology of the adjacent second molar. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the relationship between third mandibular molar and distal cervical caries in second molar. This retrospective study analyzed 55 digital orthopantograms of adult patients and a total number of 95 mandibular third molars were assessed for eruption status, angulation, radiographic evidence of caries or restoration in the mandibular third molar, and radiographic evidence of caries or restoration in the distal surface of the mandibular second molar. The distal cervical caries in second molar is associated with fully erupted and partially erupted wisdom molar in horizontal, mesioangular and vertical position and less with presence of caries in third molar. There are caries lesions in distal second molars in mesioangular position when adjacent third molar is caries free.
Congenital Vomer Defect Incidentally Detected on Preoperative Evaluation for Nasal Septoplasty and Turbinoplasty
Authors: Jeong Junhui , Park Jun Cheol , Hong Chang Eui , Chung Hyo Jin , Chang Jung Hyun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A perforation in posterioinferior portion of nasal septum is rare and caused by vomeral defect. We report a case of 56-year-old man who had a vomer defect, which was detected incidentally during preoperative evaluation of nasal septoplasty and turbinoplasty. The patient had a surgery of septoplasty and bilateral turbinoplasty under general anesthesia. There was no septal mucosal tear or defect during septoplasty and turbinoplasty. When the patient who has vomeral defect with nasal obstruction is planned for septoplasty and turbinoplasty, the surgery should be performed carefully to protect the mucosa.
Ophthalmologic Complications Associated With Oculofacial Plastic and Esthetic Surgeries
Authors: Baek Ji Sun , Kim Kun Hae , Lee Jung Hye , Choi Hye Sun 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
To assess the ophthalmologic complications after oculofacial plastic and esthetic surgeries, including their incidence and management.

Methods:
A retrospective study was performed on 110 patients who presented with ocular complications followed by oculofacial plastic and esthetic surgeries from January 2014 to December 2015. The incidence and management of complications after each surgery or procedure were analyzed.

Results:
For lower eyelid blepharoplasty, the common complications were chemosis and lower eyelid ectropion. There was also a case of canalicular laceration. Exposure keratitis and corneal abrasion were the most common complications after upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Chemosis frequently occurred after lateral cathoplasty, but other complications, such as ectropion, trichiasis, and lacrimal fistula, were also seen. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction occurred in some cases of orthognathic surgery, and was managed with endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. Inflammatory lipogranuloma was a common complication after autologous fat transplantation.

Conclusion:
Complications after oculofacial plastic and esthetic surgeries are not rare. Ophthalmologists must be aware of not only common complications but also rare and possibly serious conditions that may occur after such surgeries.
Effects of platelet-sparing leukocyte reduction and agitation methods on in vitro measures of hemostatic function in cold-stored whole blood
Authors: Remy Kenneth E. , Yazer Mark H. , Saini Arun , Mehanovic-Varmaz Ajlana , Rogers Sharon R. , Cap Andrew P. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND
Agitation of platelet units stored at room temperature is performed routinely to maintain platelet function, and leukoreduction of blood products is the standard of care in many countries to reduce immune consequences of transfusion. The effect of agitation and leukoreduction on whole blood stored at 4°C requires investigation, as reductions in hemostatic capacity of whole blood may reduce its efficacy in treating trauma-induced coagulopathy and platelet dysfunction. We hypothesize that agitation of whole blood will not affect hemostatic function and that leukoreduction will reduce hemostatic function of whole blood.

METHODS
In this in vitro randomized controlled study, 21 units of leukoreduced and 20 nonleukoreduced whole blood units were each randomly assigned into four agitation groups. Hemostatic parameters were measured using viscoelastic assays (rotational thromboelastometry-Extrinsic Screening Test (ROTEM-EXTEM) and thromboelastography (TEG) platelet mapping), impedance aggregometry (agonists—adenosine phosphate, arachidonic acid, thrombin receptor activating peptide, and collagen), and a thrombin generation assay from these whole blood units before and after filtration and on 0, 5, 10, and 15 days of storage at 4°C.

RESULTS
Leukoreduction compared to nonleukoreduction reduced platelet concentration on Day 0. Viscoelastic measures and thrombin generation parameters revealed significant reduction in hemostatic function between the leukoreduced units and the nonleukoreduced units at a few time points. Leukoreduced units consistently demonstrated reduced platelet aggregation compared to the nonleukoreduced units. Agitation methods did not significantly affect any of the hemostatic parameters examined.

CONCLUSIONS
Leukoreduction of whole blood with a platelet-sparing filter caused a moderate but significant reduction in some measures of whole blood hemostatic function most evident early in storage. The benefits of leukoreduction should be weighed against the potential reduced hemostatic function of leukoreduced units. Agitation of whole blood is not required to maintain hemostatic function.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
In vitro randomized controlled trial, level 1.
Adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+ (ALM) resuscitation fluid protects against experimental traumatic brain injury
Authors: Letson Hayley L. , Dobson Geoffrey P. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND
Currently, no drug therapy prevents secondary injury progression after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our aim was to investigate the effects of small-volume intravenous adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+ (ALM) resuscitation fluid after moderate TBI in a rat fluid–percussion injury model.

METHODS
Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats (449 ± 5 g) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) sham (craniotomy without TBI), (2) no-treatment, (3) saline-control, or (4) ALM therapy groups (all n = 16). A subdural probe was implanted in eight animals per group to measure cerebral blood flow. Fifteen minutes after moderate TBI was induced with lateral fluid percussion injury (2.57 atm), a single 3% NaCl ± ALM bolus (0.7 mL/kg) was injected intravenously, and after 60 minutes (Phase 1), 0.9% NaCl ± ALM stabilization “drip” (0.5 mL/kg per hour) was administered for 3 hours (Phase 2).

RESULTS
Mortality (without subdural brain probe) was 25% (saline controls) and 0% (ALM). Sixty minutes after bolus, ALM significantly increased cardiac function, cortical blood flow (CBF; approximately threefold) and blunted systemic inflammation compared to saline controls. Three hours after infusion drip, ALM improved left ventricular function, supported higher CBF, decreased proinflammatory cytokines systemically (IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted [RANTES]), increased anti-inflammatory cytokines in brain tissue (IL-10, IL-4), lowered brain injury markers (neuron-specific enolase, Syndecan-1, HMGB-1), reduced coagulopathy, increased platelet aggregation, and maintained baseline fibrinogen levels. Saline-controls were proinflammatory (brain, heart, lung, and blood) and hypocoagulable with neurogenic enlargement of the right side of the heart. Survival time significantly correlated with plasma neuron-specific enolase (p = 0.001) and CBF at 180 minutes (p = 0.009), and CBF correlated with brain anti-inflammatory cytokines (p = 0.001–0.034).

CONCLUSION
After moderate TBI, ALM resuscitation fluid increased survival and protected against early secondary injury by reducing coagulopathy, inflammation, and platelet dysfunction.
Vitamin D–binding protein deficiency in mice decreases systemic and select tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines in a murine model of acute muscle injury
Authors: Kew Richard R. , Tabrizian Tahmineh , Vosswinkel James A. , Davis James E. , Jawa Randeep S. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND
Severe acute muscle injury results in massive cell damage, causing the release of actin into extracellular fluids where it complexes with the vitamin D–binding protein (DBP). We hypothesized that a systemic DBP deficiency would result in a less proinflammatory phenotype.

METHODS
C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and DBP-deficient (DBP−/−) mice received intramuscular injections of either 50% glycerol or phosphate-buffered saline into thigh muscles. Muscle injury was assessed by histology. Cytokine levels were measured in plasma, muscle, kidney, and lung.

RESULTS
All animals survived the procedure, but glycerol injection in both strains of mice showed lysis of skeletal myocytes and inflammatory cell infiltrate. The muscle inflammatory cell infiltrate in DBP-deficient mice had remarkably few neutrophils as compared with WT mice. The neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 was significantly reduced in muscle tissue from DBP−/− mice. However, there were no other significant differences in muscle cytokine levels. In contrast, plasma obtained 48 hours after glycerol injection revealed that DBP-deficient mice had significantly lower levels of systemic cytokines interleukin 6, CCL2, CXCL1, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Lung tissue from DBP−/− mice showed significantly decreased amounts of CCL2 and CXCL1 as compared with glycerol-treated WT mice. Several chemokines in kidney homogenates following glycerol-induced injury were significantly reduced in DBP−/− mice: CCL2, CCL5, CXCL1, and CXCL2.

CONCLUSIONS
Acute muscle injury triggered a systemic proinflammatory response as noted by elevated plasma cytokine levels. However, mice with a systemic DBP deficiency demonstrated a change in their cytokine profile 48 hours after muscle injury to a less proinflammatory phenotype.