bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-infective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum peel against gram-negative bacterial pathogens
Authors: Joshi Chinmayi , Patel Pooja , Kothari Vijay 
Published: April 2019

Background: Punica granatum extracts have been prescribed in traditional medicine for management of a variety of disease conditions including microbial infections. Generation of scientific evidence for validation of P. granatum peel extract’s anti-pathogenic efficacy is required. Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum peel (PGPE), prepared by microwave assisted extraction method was evaluated for its quorum-modulatory potential against two different human-pathogenic bacteria viz. Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: This extract was able to modulate in vitro production of quorum sensing-regulated pigments in both these test bacteria at ≥5 μg/ml. Virulence traits of P. aeruginosa like haemolytic activity, and biofilm formation were negatively affected by the test extract, and it also made P. aeruginosa more susceptible to lysis by human serum. Antibiotic susceptibility of both test bacteria was modulated owing to pre-treatment with PGPE. Exposure of these test pathogens to PGPE (≥0.5 μg/ml) effectively reduced their virulence towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Repeated subculturing of P. aeruginosa on PGPE-supplemented growth medium did not induce resistance to PGPE in this notorious pathogen, and this extract was also found to exert a post-extract effect on P. aeruginosa. Individual constituent phytocompounds of PGPE were found to be less efficacious than the whole extract. PGPE seemed to interfere with the signal-response machinery of P. aeruginosa and C. violaceum. PGPE also exhibited notable prebiotic potential by promoting growth of probiotic strains- Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum at ≤50 μg/ml. Conclusions: This study indicates PGPE to be an effective antipathogenic and prebiotic preparation, and validates its therapeutic use mentioned in traditional medicine. This study also emphasizes the need for testing any bioactive extract at broadest possible concentration range, particularly in vivo, so that an accurate picture of dose-response relationship can emerge.
Gender Differences in Job Entry Decisions: A University-Wide Field Experiment
Authors: Samek Anya 
Published: April 2019

The gender difference in competitiveness has been cited as an important factor driving the gender gap in labor market outcomes. Using a field experiment with more than 35,000 university students, I explore the impact of compensation scheme on willingness to apply for a job. I find that competitive compensation schemes that depend on relative performance disproportionately deter women from applying. I do not find the same deterrence effect under a compensation scheme in which students face uncertain payoffs independent of performance. I also test the impact of describing the job as helping a charity, and this increases the willingness to apply but does not affect the gender gap. My findings are important for managers, who need to understand the impact of different compensation schemes on the share of women recruited for a job posting. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3107 . This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics.
The Information Advantage of Underwriters in IPOs
Authors: Chiang Yao-Min , Lowry Michelle , Qian Yiming 
Published: April 2019

Using a unique data set of dealer-level trading data in bookbuilding initial public offerings (IPOs), we find strong evidence that lead underwriter trades in IPO firms are significantly related to subsequent IPO abnormal returns. This relation is concentrated among issues in which underwriters’ information advantage is likely greater, specifically among IPOs with higher information asymmetry or subject to higher investor sentiment and among underwriters with the most industry experience. In contrast, we find no similar relation for trades by other syndicate members, who are not involved in due diligence or pricing, or around auction IPOs, which are characterized by less underwriter involvement. Our results are consistent with the joint hypothesis that underwriters of bookbuilding IPOs gain unique insight into the values of these client firms and that they trade on this information advantage. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment Does Not Reduce Abuse-Related Effects of Opioid Drugs
Authors: Bornebusch Annika Billefeld , Fink-Jensen Anders , Wörtwein Gitta , Seeley Randy J. , Thomsen Morgane 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDependence on opioids and the number of opioid overdose deaths are serious and escalating public health problems, but medication-assisted treatments for opioid addiction remain inadequate for many patients. Glucagon-like pepide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone and neuropeptide with actions in peripheral tissues and in the brain, including regulation of blood glucose and food intake. GLP-1 analogs, which are approved diabetes medications, can reduce the reinforcing and rewarding effects of alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine in rodents. Investigations on effects of GLP-1 analogs on opioid reward and reinforcement have not been reported. We assessed the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex4) on opioid-related behaviors in male mice, i.e., morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP), intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of the short-acting synthetic opioid remifentanil, naltrexone-precipitated morphine withdrawal, morphine analgesia (male and female mice), and locomotor activity. Ex4 treatment had no effect on morphine-induced CPP, withdrawal, or hyperlocomotion. Ex4 failed to decrease remifentanil self-administration, if anything reinforcing effects of remifentanil appeared increased in Ex4-treated mice relative to saline. Ex4 did not significantly affect analgesia. In contrast, Ex4 dose dependently decreased oral alcohol self-administration, and suppressed spontaneous locomotor activity. Taken together, Ex4 did not attenuate the addiction-related behavioral effects of opioids, indicating that GLP-1 analogs would not be useful medications in the treatment of opioid addiction. This difference between opioids and other drug classes investigated to date may shed light on the mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor treatment in the addictive effects of alcohol, central stimulants, and nicotine.
Utilising a milk-based meal replacement programme in a bariatric patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Maher Michelle , Rafey Mohammed Faraz , Griffin Helena , Cunningham Katie , Finucane Francis M 
Published: April 2019

Summary
A 45-year-old man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (HbA1c 87 mmol/mol) despite 100 units of insulin per day and severe obesity (BMI 40.2 kg/m2) was referred for bariatric intervention. He declined bariatric surgery or GLP1 agonist therapy. Initially, his glycaemic control improved with dietary modification and better adherence to insulin therapy, but he gained weight. We started a low-energy liquid diet, with 2.2 L of semi-skimmed milk (equivalent to 1012 kcal) per day for 8 weeks (along with micronutrient, salt and fibre supplementation) followed by 16 weeks of phased reintroduction of a normal diet. His insulin was stopped within a week of starting this programme, and over 6 months, he lost 20.6 kg and his HbA1c normalised. However, 1 year later, despite further weight loss, his HbA1c deteriorated dramatically, requiring introduction of linagliptin and canagliflozin, with good response. Five years after initial presentation, his BMI remains elevated but improved at 35.5 kg/m2 and his glycaemic control is excellent with a HbA1c of 50 mmol/mol and he is off insulin therapy. Whether semi-skimmed milk is a safe, effective substrate for carefully selected patients with severe obesity complicated by T2DM remains to be determined. Such patients would need frequent monitoring by an experienced multidisciplinary team.

Learning points:

Meal replacement programmes are an emerging therapeutic strategy to allow severely obese type 2 diabetes patients to achieve clinically impactful weight loss.

Using semi-skimmed milk as a meal replacement substrate might be less costly than commercially available programmes, but is likely to require intensive multidisciplinary bariatric clinical follow-up.

For severely obese adults with poor diabetes control who decline bariatric surgery or GLP1 agonist therapy, a milk-based meal replacement programme may be an option.

Milk-based meal replacement in patients with insulin requiring type 2 diabetes causes rapid and profound reductions in insulin requirements, so rigorous monitoring of glucose levels by patients and their clinicians is necessary.

In carefully selected and adequately monitored patients, the response to oral antidiabetic medications may help to differentiate between absolute and relative insulin deficiency.
A non-secretory malignant insulinoma: a case report
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Dastras Majid , Roshanravan Mostafa 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: We report a rare case of non-insulin secreting malignant insulinoma of the pancreas and discuss its medical and surgical management.
Case Presentation: Our patient was a 62- year-old Persian female. Over the previous year, she had developed increased abdominal mass, dizziness, weakness, and fatigue. After surgical operation, chemotherapy was given to the patient. Treatment with cisplatin and etoposide was commenced in a 4-month course.
Conclusion: As a result, chemotherapy showed an important role in the management of insulinoma.
Az ultrahang-képalkotás alkalmazása biotechnikai előrelépés a perioperatív fájdalomcsillapításban
Authors: Almási Róbert Gyula 
Published: April 2019

Abstract: The perioperative pain management – instead of the efforts, guidelines and protocols – is underestimated and undertreated. Even in the case of general anaesthesia, the nervous system is overwhelmed by copious quantities of nociceptive stimuli at surgical incision. Stress and pain-modulation processes are triggered which can have significant influence on the outcome. Often the pain-management is discontinued, so a notable part of patients complain about pain in the ward after surgery. Regional anaesthesia conceptually prevents noxious inputs to enter the central nervous system, beyond surgical anaesthesia it is pertinent to achieve excellent analgesia in the immediate postoperative period as well. Based on current literature, this paper provides an overview of the history and role of regional anaesthesia in the multidimensional model of pain. Besides the sensitization caused by nociceptive stimuli – peripheral and central sensitization, descending modulation – there are several biopsychosocial factors involved in pain pathophysiology. Preventing the side effects of general anaesthesia, the ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blockade is a safe technique with high success rate, rare side effects, achieving long-lasting, excellent analgesia. Continuous perineural catheter placed under ultrasound provides extended pain control. As a part of multimodal analgesia, peripheral nerve blockade prevents central sensitization. After surgery, the pain intensity of patients under peripheral nerve blockade is less, the chronification tendency is decreased, the quality of life and patients’ comfort are improved, and the stress-response is attenuated. The greater part of patients are protected from the undesirable side effects of general anaesthesia. Nowadays, it is an unequivocal evidence that the increasingly used peripheral nerve blockades prior to incision are efficient tools in the prevention of chronic postoperative pain. Ultrasound guidance is suitable not only for surgical anaesthesia, but for postoperative pain management as well, however, besides economic factors, the main goal of this technique is to match the best interest of the patients. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(15): 573–584.
Duration and tension of postvaccinal pneumococcal immunity in HIV-positive patients
Authors: Nikolenko Vera V. , Feldblyum Irina V. , Vorobyova Natalia N. , Nikolenko Andrej V. , Sumlivaya Olga N. , Okishev Mikhail A. 
Published: April 2019

Aim. To study the duration and tension of the postvaccinal pneumococcal immunity in HIV-positive patients, immunized with polysaccharide vaccine.
Materials and methods. One hundred HIV-infected patients (age range 20 to 50 years) with stages 3 and 4 A of disease, having the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in blood not less than 440 mcl–1, were immunized with polysaccharide 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine.
Results. The maximum effect regarding polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine immunization of HIV-positive persons was established at the stage 3 of disease. When immunizing HIV-positive patients with stage 4 A and decrease in CD4+- T-lymphocytes to 310 [300; 330] cells per mcl-1, the effect resulting from immunization reduced.
Conclusions. Taking into account the revealed maximum effect of immunization of HIV-positive patients with polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine at the stage 3 of disease, this risk group should be immunized at the earlier periods of infectious process development. HIV-positive patients with the stage 4 A and decrease in CD4+ – T- blood lymphocytes to 310 [300;330] cells per mcl–1 should receive antiretroviral therapy followed by revaccination.
Синтез и исследование противомикробной активности производных нифуроксазида
Authors: Сидоров Н. Г. , Кравченко А. Д. , Поддубиков А. В. , Арзуманян В. Г. 
Published: April 2019

В связи с постоянно растущим числом инфекций, вызываемых устойчивыми к синтетическим антибактериальным препаратам и антибиотикам микроорганизмами, основные усилия исследователей всего мира направлены на решение данной проблемы. Одним из самых эффективных среди антибактериальных препаратов является класс замещенных нитрофуранов. Синтезированы 4 аналога нифуроксазида (представителя нитрофуранового ряда), структура которых подтверждена с помощью ЯМР, ИК спектроскопии и масс-спектрометрии. Все полученные соединения изучены на противомикробную и противогрибковую активность.
Активность по отношению к бактериям Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus и Pseudomonas aeruginosa оценивали методом диффузии в агар. Полученные вещества подавляли рост всех исследованных штаммов бактерий, кроме Escherichia coli; диаметр зон ингибирования находился в пределах от 13.5 до 28 мм в зависимости от концентрации исследуемого вещества и штамма бактерий. Одно из изученных в этой работе соединений – пиридиновый аналог нифуроксазида – превзошло по активности стандарт (нифуроксазид) по отношению к Staphylococcus aureus и поэтому может считаться перспективным соединением для разработки новых антибактериальных средств. Определение ингибирующей активности синтезированных препаратов по отношению к дрожжевым грибам Candida albicans и Cryptococcus neoformans проводили с помощью метода последовательных разведений с оценкой эффекта по изменению окраски индикатора. Ни одно из полученных соединений не проявило активности в отношении данных культур.
Полученные результаты подтверждают, что замещенные аналоги нифуроксазида обладают противомикробной активностью и являются перспективными кандидатами для разработки новых антибактериальных средств.
Comparison of Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Escherichia coli which Produce Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Strains Isolated From Various Clinical Specimens In Intensive Care Unit
Authors: CEBECİ Tuğba , KESKİN Dilek , GÖKAL Ahmet Ali 
Published: April 2019

Objective: A retrospective analysis of the widely used antibiotics all susceptibility testing results from Escherichia coli (E. coli) cultured from clinical specimens private hospital (from January 2017 to November 2018) was performed. Methods: The VITEK 2 Compact automated microbiology system (bioMérieux) is designed for automated rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing and identification of clinically relevant bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results previously obtained in recent clinical isolates with well-defined in isolates with well-characterized resistance mechanisms with the microdilution method were re-interpreted for the susceptible, intermediate and resistant categories using the 2018 EUCAST breakpoints. Clinical samples are most commonly isolated from blood, sputum and urine samples. Results: The results of resistance pattern of E. coli isolates in our locality to antimicrobial agents showed that the 64 E. coli strains tested against fifteen antimicrobial agents. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to piperacillin, ceftazidime and aztreonam 98%, 61% and 61% respectively. The most sensitive antibiotics were colistin, tigecycline, imipenem and meropenem. In the present study, 73% (47) of the isolates were resistant to at least three to fourteen antibiotics. All of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotics. Thirty nine per cent of E. coli isolates were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Conclusion: Considering the antibiogram, imipenem and meropenem should be preferred drugs for E. coli infection isolated from clinical samples.
Prevalence of internal derangements of temporomandibular joint in patients with cleft-lip/palate
Authors: Grossmann Eduardo , Cousen Thales Botomé , Poluha Rodrigo Lorenzi , Collares Marcus Vinícius Martins , Setogutti Enio 
Published: April 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of internal derangements (ID) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with cleft-lip/palate. Also, to evaluate the correlation of diagnosis between Research Diagnostic Criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) clinical examination and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Twenty patients with cleft-lip/palate, were clinically evaluated by RDC/TMD and by MRI. The ID of TMJ evaluate were disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) and disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR). Results: The present study showed that 9 (45%) of the patients were diagnosed with ID of TMJ (8 [40%] patients with DDWR and 1 [5%] with DDWOR) and 11 (55%) present no disorders, by RDC/TMD. MRI examination revealed that 15 (75%) of the patients had ID of TMJ (13 [65%] patients with DDWR and 2 [10%] with DDWOR) and 5 (25%) present no disorders. The Kappa index between the clinical and imaging diagnosis was 0.01. Conclusion: In the present study, DDWR was diagnosed in 40-65% by the RDC/TMD and MRI, respectively; DDWOR was diagnosed in 5-10% by the RDC/TMD and MRI, respectively. The diagnostic correlation between the clinical examination based on RDC and on MRI was weak.
The psychosocial responses and coping strategies of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients of the Ambon culture
Authors: Rayanti Rosiana Eva , Wariunsora Natalia Santika , Soegijono Simon Pieter 
Published: April 2019

A study conduct by the Global of Diabetic Federation showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing at the international, national and regional levels. The prevalence of DM at Air Salobar Public Health Centre, Ambon, showed there to be an increase from 128 patients (2015) up to 221 patients (2016). There were changes observed in the physical and psychological responses of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To describe the psychosocial responses and coping strategies of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of Ambonese culture. Method: Qualitative and descriptive using the case study approach. There were four participants. The purpose sampling technique used the following criteria: patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with complications (cataract, stroke, hypertension, heart attack or amputation), sick for > two years, and the patients were Ambonese. The data collection was conducted through observation and in-depth interviews. Results: The participants’ psychosocial responses included resilience, optimism and social support from their family and close relatives, low self-esteem, and anxiety. To adapt to their condition, themale participants tended to use problem-focused coping, while the female participants used emotion-focused coping. The factor that influenced the coping strategies was the diabetes severity, the participant’s individual characteristics and the environment (culture and social support). They believe in traditional medicine such as the Africa leaf, noni fruit, kalabasa leaf, and Alifuru leaf, and that the aforementioned traditional cures are able to reduce their blood glucose. Conclusion: although the participants have low self-esteem, and anxiety, theyhave resilience, optimism, and social support that allows them to endure DM.
Unequal gender relations in the practices of girl marriage in poor families at East Java Province
Authors: Susanti Emy 
Published: April 2019

The practice of girl marriage in Indonesia is a social reality that has been going on from generation to generation. Although the average level of education in Indonesia is increasing and the government has limited the practice of child marriage, in some areas of East Java province the tendency of parents to marryoff their underage girls remains. This study aims to identify gender-based power relations within the practices of girl marriage in poor family in East Java province. This study is also aimed at revealing how the social reproduction of gender inequality values takes place in the girl marriage practices. This research was done by using qualitative method which was supported with quantitative data. This study shows that the victims of early marriage practices are girls. Gender-based-power relations between young wives with husbands, parents and in-laws are not equal. The unequal gender-based power relations in girl marriage practices in poor family are relate to limitation of knowledge and reproduce of power. The unequal gender relations are continuously reproduced through the imposition of negative social labeling on girls. The prevention of girl marriage requires a comprehensive approach by addressing the social and cultural values, especially promoting equal gender relations. One of the solutions is empowerment based on equal gender perspective.
Gender and norms related to an intention for participating in counseling sessions by peer educator
Authors: Nurmala Ira , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , R Riris Diana , P Elisa Dwi 
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, drugs (narcotics, psychotropic, and addictive substances) abuse gradually increases in the adolescent group, especially High School students. Environmental impact, especially social interaction, gives a high effect on building the character in adolescents. The existence of peer-education activity is one of the promotive and preventive strategies in mitigating drug abuse. This research was done in 10 high schools in Surabaya spread over five regions (Central, North, South, West, and East). This research was quantitative with the cross-sectional design while the data analysis used was a Chi-Square test with a p-value of <0.05 that was based on the significance level. The research finding showed that the intention of student participation was quite high, i.e. 83.1%; from the statistical test, it had been taught that gender had a significant relationship with intention by a p-value of 0.00. Additionally, it had also a relationship with subjective norm by a p-value of 0.00. Conclusion: the student’s norm has supported their intention to participate in the program. Meanwhile, the research finding that is based on the gender in this research showed that females had a higher intention to participate in the activity than the males had. Therefore, a conducive environment should be maintained continuously so that the positive norm can motivate the students to participate in the activity held by the peer-educator.