bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain responses to social punishment: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zinchenko Oksana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany studies suggest that social punishment is beneficial for cooperation and consequently maintaining the social norms in society. Neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies show that the brain regions which respond to violations of social norms, the understanding of the mind of others and the executive functions, are involved during social punishment. Despite the rising number of studies on social punishment, the concordant map of activations - the set of key regions responsible for the general brain response to social punishment - is still unknown. By using coordinate-based fMRI meta-analysis, the present study examined the concordant map of neural activations associated with various social punishment tasks. A total of 17 articles with 18 contrasts including 383 participants, equalling 191 foci were included in activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis. The majority of the studies (61%) employed the widely used neuroeconomic paradigms, such as fairness-related norm tasks (Ultimatum Game, third-party punishment game), while the remaining tasks reported criminal scenarios evaluation and social rejection tasks. The analysis revealed concordant activation in the bilateral claustrum, right interior frontal and left superior frontal gyri. This study provides an integrative view on brain responses to social punishment.
SPOT3D: Spatial positioning toolbox for head markers using 3D scans
Authors: Taberna Gaia Amaranta , Guarnieri Roberto , Mantini Dante 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the importance of an accurate individual head model for reliably using high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) as a brain imaging technique. Correct identification of sensor positions is fundamental for accurately estimating neural activity from hdEEG recordings. We previously introduced a method of automated localization and labelling of hdEEG sensors using an infrared colour-enhanced 3D scanner. Here, we describe an extension of this method, the spatial positioning toolbox for head markers using 3D scans (SPOT3D), which integrates a graphical user interface (GUI). This enables the correction of imprecisions in EEG sensor positioning and the inclusion of additional head markers. The toolbox was validated using 3D scan data collected in four participants wearing a 256-channel hdEEG cap. We quantified the misalignment between the 3D scan and the head shape, and errors in EEG sensor locations. We assessed these parameters after using the automated approach and after manually adjusting its results by means of the GUI. The GUI overcomes the main limitations of the automated method, yielding enhanced precision and reliability of head marker positioning.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles display antilipogenic effect in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Carvajal Silvia , Perramón Meritxell , Oró Denise , Casals Eudald , Fernández-Varo Guillermo , Casals Gregori , Parra Marina , González de la Presa Bernardino , Ribera Jordi , Pastor Óscar , Morales-Ruíz Manuel , Puntes Víctor , Jiménez Wladimiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, ranging from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Recently, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have emerged as a new antioxidant agent with hepatoprotective properties in experimental liver disease. The aim of the current investigation was to elucidate whether CeO2NPs display beneficial effects in an experimental model of NAFLD.Therefore, fifteen Wistar rats were subjected to a methionine and choline deficient diet (MCDD) for 6 weeks and intravenously treated with CeO2NP or vehicle during the weeks three and four of the diet. The effect of CeO2NPs on serum biochemistry, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fatty acid content and expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid metabolism related genes was assessed. MCDD fed rats showed increased inflammation, enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and overexpression of genes related to fatty liver and ROS metabolism. Treatment with CeO2NPs was able to reduce the size and content of hepatocyte lipid droplets, the hepatic concentration of triglyceride- and cholesterol ester-derived FAs and the expression of several genes involved in cytokine, adipokine and chemokine signaling pathways. These findings suggest that CeO2NPs could be of beneficial value in NAFLD.
Pharmacological mTOR targeting enhances the antineoplastic effects of selective PI3Kα inhibition in medulloblastoma
Authors: Eckerdt Frank , Clymer Jessica , Bell Jonathan B. , Beauchamp Elspeth M. , Blyth Gavin T. , Goldman Stewart , Platanias Leonidas C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite recent advances in the treatment of medulloblastoma, patients in high-risk categories still face very poor outcomes. Evidence indicates that a subpopulation of cancer stem cells contributes to therapy resistance and tumour relapse in these patients. To prevent resistance and relapse, the development of treatment strategies tailored to target subgroup specific signalling circuits in high-risk medulloblastomas might be similarly important as targeting the cancer stem cell population. We have previously demonstrated potent antineoplastic effects for the PI3Kα selective inhibitor alpelisib in medulloblastoma. Here, we performed studies aimed to enhance the anti-medulloblastoma effects of alpelisib by simultaneous catalytic targeting of the mTOR kinase. Pharmacological mTOR inhibition potently enhanced the suppressive effects of alpelisib on cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis and additionally blocked sphere-forming ability of medulloblastoma stem-like cancer cells in vitro. We identified the HH effector GLI1 as a target for dual PI3Kα and mTOR inhibition in SHH-type medulloblastoma and confirmed these results in HH-driven Ewing sarcoma cells. Importantly, pharmacologic mTOR inhibition greatly enhanced the inhibitory effects of alpelisib on medulloblastoma tumour growth in vivo. In summary, these findings highlight a key role for PI3K/mTOR signalling in GLI1 regulation in HH-driven cancers and suggest that combined PI3Kα/mTOR inhibition may be particularly interesting for the development of effective treatment strategies in high-risk medulloblastomas.
Juxta-membrane S-acylation of plant receptor-like kinases is likely fortuitous and does not necessarily impact upon function
Authors: Hurst Charlotte H. , Wright Kathryn M. , Turnbull Dionne , Leslie Kerry , Jones Susan , Hemsley Piers A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractS-acylation is a common post-translational modification of membrane protein cysteine residues with many regulatory roles. S-acylation adjacent to transmembrane domains has been described in the literature as affecting diverse protein properties including turnover, trafficking and microdomain partitioning. However, all of these data are derived from mammalian and yeast systems. Here we examine the role of S-acylation adjacent to the transmembrane domain of the plant pathogen perceiving receptor-like kinase FLS2. Surprisingly, S-acylation of FLS2 adjacent to the transmembrane domain is not required for either FLS2 trafficking or signalling function. Expanding this analysis to the wider plant receptor-like kinase family we find that S-acylation adjacent to receptor-like kinase domains is common, affecting ~25% of Arabidopsis receptor-like kinases, but poorly conserved between orthologues through evolution. This suggests that S-acylation of receptor-like kinases at this site is likely the result of chance mutation leading to cysteine occurrence. As transmembrane domains followed by cysteine residues are common motifs for S-acylation to occur, and many S-acyl transferases appear to have lax substrate specificity, we propose that many receptor-like kinases are fortuitously S-acylated once chance mutation has introduced a cysteine at this site. Interestingly some receptor-like kinases show conservation of S-acylation sites between orthologues suggesting that S-acylation has come to play a role and has been positively selected for during evolution. The most notable example of this is in the ERECTA-like family where S-acylation of ERECTA adjacent to the transmembrane domain occurs in all ERECTA orthologues but not in the parental ERECTA-like clade. This suggests that ERECTA S-acylation occurred when ERECTA emerged during the evolution of angiosperms and may have contributed to the neo-functionalisation of ERECTA from ERECTA-like proteins.
Dynamic Remodeling of the Host Cell Membrane by Virulent Mycobacterial Sulfoglycolipid-1
Authors: Mishra Manjari , Adhyapak Pranav , Dadhich Ruchika , Kapoor Shobhna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLipids dictate membrane properties to modulate lateral membrane organization, lipid/protein diffusion and lipid-protein interactions, thereby underpinning proper functioning of cells. Mycobacterium tuberculosis harnesses the power of its atypical cell wall lipids to impact immune surveillance machinery centered at the host cell membrane. However, the role of specific virulent lipids in altering host cellular functions by modulating membrane organization and the associated signaling response are still pertinent unresolved questions. Here, combining membrane biophysics and cell biology, we elucidate how virulent Mtb sulfoglycolipids hijack the host cell membrane, affecting its order, fluidity, and stiffness along with manipulating the linked cytoskeleton. The functional outcome of this perturbation was assayed by monitoring membrane-associated autophagy signaling. These actions form a part of the overall response to commandeer host membrane-associated immune processes during infection. The findings on the mechanism of action of Mtb lipids on host cell membrane structure and downstream signaling will deepen the collective understanding of their functional aspects in membrane-dictated bacterial survival, pathogenesis and drug resistance and reveal suitable membrane driven-therapeutic intervention points and diagnostic tools.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Anticancer and Anti-inflammatory Activities of 2-Himachelen-7-ol isolated from Cedrus Libani
Authors: Elias Andree , Shebaby Wassim N. , Nehme Bilal , Faour Wissam , Bassil Bassem S. , Hakim Joelle El , Iskandar Rita , Dib-Jalbout Nahia , Mroueh Mohamad , Daher Costantine , Taleb Robin I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCedrus libani is a majestic evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean mountains of Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. In this study, the tree heart wood was extracted using hexane to produce C. libani oil extract (CLOE) as a dark oil. GCMS analysis of CLOE identified up to 30 compounds whereby 2-himachalen-7-ol (7-HC) was the most abundant (40%). 7-HC was isolated using column chromatography and the identity of the white crystalline solid was confirmed via NMR spectroscopy and X-Ray Crystallography. 7-HC demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against several human cancer cell lines including brain (SF-268, IC50 8.1 μg/mL) and colon (HT-29, IC50 10.1 μg/mL; Caco-2, IC50 9.9 μg/mL) with ovarian (Sk-OV-3, IC50 > 50 μg/mL) cells being the most resistant. However, while HT-29 displayed resistance to Cisplatin, 7-HC was 8–10 folds more potent. Co-treatment with 7-HC and Cisplatin showed a significant synergistic anti-proliferative effect against SF-268, HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. 7-HC also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect in formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Western blot analysis revealed that 7-HC displayed dose dependent inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression in isolated rat monocytes. The present study demonstrates that 7-HC possesses promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, and may serve as a lead molecule in cancer therapy.
pathCHEMO, a generalizable computational framework uncovers molecular pathways of chemoresistance in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Epsi Nusrat J. , Panja Sukanya , Pine Sharon R. , Mitrofanova Antonina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite recent advances in discovering a wide array of novel chemotherapy agents, identification of patients with poor and favorable chemotherapy response prior to treatment administration remains a major challenge in clinical oncology. To tackle this challenge, we present a generalizable genome-wide computational framework pathCHEMO that uncovers interplay between transcriptomic and epigenomic mechanisms altered in biological pathways that govern chemotherapy response in cancer patients. Our approach is tested on patients with lung adenocarcinoma who received adjuvant standard-of-care doublet chemotherapy (i.e., carboplatin-paclitaxel), identifying seven molecular pathway markers of primary treatment response and demonstrating their ability to predict patients at risk of carboplatin-paclitaxel resistance in an independent patient cohort (log-rankp-value = 0.008, HR = 10). Furthermore, we extend our method to additional chemotherapy-regimens and cancer types to demonstrate its accuracy and generalizability. We propose that our model can be utilized to prioritize patients for specific chemotherapy-regimens as a part of treatment planning.
Crystal structure and chemical inhibition of essential schistosome host-interactive virulence factor carbonic anhydrase SmCA
Authors: Da’dara Akram A. , Angeli Andrea , Ferraroni Marta , Supuran Claudiu T. , Skelly Patrick J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe intravascular parasitic worm Schistosoma mansoni is a causative agent of schistosomiasis, a disease of great global public health significance. Here we identify an α-carbonic anhydrase (SmCA) that is expressed at the schistosome surface as determined by activity assays and immunofluorescence/immunogold localization. Suppressing SmCA expression by RNAi significantly impairs the ability of larval parasites to infect mice, validating SmCA as a rational drug target. Purified, recombinant SmCA possesses extremely rapid CO2 hydration kinetics (kcat: 1.2 × 106 s-1; kcat/Km: 1.3 × 108 M-1s-1). The enzyme’s crystal structure was determined at 1.75 Å resolution and a collection of sulfonamides and anions were tested for their ability to impede rSmCA action. Several compounds (phenylarsonic acid, phenylbaronic acid, sulfamide) exhibited favorable Kis for SmCA versus two human isoforms. Such selective rSmCA inhibitors could form the basis of urgently needed new drugs that block essential schistosome metabolism, blunt parasite virulence and debilitate these important global pathogens.
Comparison of type 5d autotransporter phospholipases demonstrates a correlation between high activity and intracellular pathogenic lifestyle
Authors: Trunk Thomas , Casasanta Michael A. , Yoo Christopher C. , Slade Daniel J. , Leo Jack C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Autotransporters, or type 5 secretion systems, are widespread surface proteins of Gram-negative bacteria often associated with virulence functions. Autotransporters consist of an outer membrane β-barrel domain and an exported passenger. In the poorly studied type 5d subclass, the passenger is a patatin-like lipase. The prototype of this secretion pathway is PlpD of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen. The PlpD passenger is a homodimer with phospholipase A1 (PLA1) activity. Based on sequencing data, PlpD-like proteins are present in many bacterial species. We characterized the enzymatic activity, specific lipid binding and oligomeric status of PlpD homologs from Aeromonas hydrophila (a fish pathogen), Burkholderia pseudomallei (a human pathogen) and Ralstonia solanacearum (a plant pathogen) and compared these with PlpD. We demonstrate that recombinant type 5d-secreted patatin domains have lipase activity and form dimers or higher-order oligomers. However, dimerization is not necessary for lipase activity; in fact, by making monomeric variants of PlpD, we show that enzymatic activity slightly increases while protein stability decreases. The lipases from the intracellular pathogens A. hydrophila and B. pseudomallei display PLA2 activity in addition to PLA1 activity. Although the type 5d-secreted lipases from the animal pathogens bound to intracellular lipid targets, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol phosphates, hydrolysis of these lipids could only be observed for FplA of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Yet, we noted a correlation between high lipase activity in type 5d autotransporters and intracellular lifestyle. We hypothesize that type 5d phospholipases are intracellularly active and function in modulation of host cell signaling events.
Hygric resistance in multilayer building materials – a prevision new methodology
Authors: Delgado João , Azevedo António , Ribeiro Isabel , Guimarães Ana. , Freitas Vasco 
Published: September 2019

This work presents the results of an experimental campaign in order to determine the hygric resistance in multilayered building components, with different interface types. The results show a slowing of the wetting process due to the interfaces hygric resistance. The samples with hydraulic contact interface (cement mortar) present lower absorption rate than the samples with lime mortar. The influence of air space between layers was also demonstrated, i.e., the air space interfaces increase the coefficients of capillary significantly, as the distances from the contact with water increase.
The hygric resistance was calculated by three different methods: gravimetric and gamma-ray methods, and the new methodology proposed, an automatic calculation method without human opinion/criteria. The “knee point” was detected, numerically, in water absorption curves and the moisture-dependent interface resistance was quantified and validated for transient conditions. The methodology proposed to detect the “knee point” can be also used in the future for different multilayer materials with an interface, in order to obtain more correct hygric resistance values to be used in future numerical simulations.
Abdominelle Notfallsonografie in der Intensiv- und Akutmedizin
Authors: Schreiber Michael , Greim Clemens-Alexander 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie sonografischen Untersuchungstechniken unterstützen die Point-of-Care-Diagnostik (POC-Diagnostik) bei akutmedizinischen Fragestellungen. Für den Intensiv- und Notfallmediziner gilt: Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten einer fokussierten Sonografie sind unabdingbar. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die Optionen der abdominellen Notfallsonografie und gibt praktische Hilfestellung.
Oral Contraceptive Use does not Negatively Affect Body Composition and Strength Adaptations in Trained Women
Authors: Romance Ramón , Vargas Salvador , Espinar Sergio , Petro Jorge L. , Bonilla Diego A. , Schöenfeld Brad J. , Kreider Richard B. , Benítez-Porres Javier 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe purpose was to analyze the influence of oral contraceptive use on body composition and strength levels in trained women. Twenty-three resistance-trained women participated in this study (age=27.4±3.4 years; fat mass=28.0±5.0%; BMI=22.9±2.7 kg∙m-2). Subjects performed an 8-week non-linear resistance-training program. Participants were assigned to either a group that consumed oral contraceptives (n=12, OC) or to a group that did not consume (n=11, NOC). Changes in body composition were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Strength performance was assessed via the one maximum repetition (1RM) test in the squat and bench press, and muscular power was evaluated using the countermovement jump (CMJ) test. Fat free mass increased significantly in OC but no changes were seen in NOC. There were no changes in fat mass for either OC or NOC. Significant changes were found in bench press 1RM for both OC and NOC; similarly, increases in squat 1RM were reported in OC and NOC. Alternatively, no significant changes were found in CMJ in both OC and NOC. No significant between-group differences were detected in any of the studied variables. The use of oral contraceptives during resistance training did not negatively affect body composition or strength levels in trained women.
Non-HPV Perianal and Anorectal Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections
Authors: Murphy Margarita , Chedister Gabriel Ryan , George Virgilio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of common viral infections of the perianal skin and anorectum including herpes simplex virus, human immune deficiency virus, and molluscum contagiosum. Human papilloma virus infection is reviewed in the subsequent article.
Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and the Risk for Childhood Infectious Diseases in the Offspring: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Dan Nadav , Sheiner Eyal , Wainstock Tamar , Marks Kyla , Kessous Roy 
Published: September 2019

Objective Infectious diseases account for up to 43% of childhood hospitalizations. Given the magnitude of infection-related hospitalizations, we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the risk for long-term childhood infectious morbidity.
Study Design This is a population-based cohort analysis comparing the long-term risk for infectious diseases, in children born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy versus those who did not. Infectious diseases were predefined based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Deliveries occurred between the years 1991 and 2014.
Results A total of 246,854 newborns met the inclusion criteria; 2,986 (1.2%) were born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Offspring of smokers had significantly higher risk for several infectious diseases during childhood (upper respiratory tract, otitis, viral infections, and bronchitis) as well as increased risk for total infection-related hospitalizations (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–1.7; p = 0.001). Cumulative incidence of infection-related hospitalizations was significantly higher in offspring of smokers (log-rank test, p = 0.001). Controlling for maternal age, diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and gestational age at index delivery, smoking remained an independent risk factor for infectious diseases during childhood (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3–1.6; p = 0.001).
Conclusion Intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking may create an environment leading to an increased future risk for long-term pediatric infectious morbidity of the offspring.
Impact of Marijuana Legalization on Prevalence of Maternal Marijuana Use and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Gnofam Mayi , Allshouse Amanda A. , Stickrath Elaine H. , Metz Torri D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective We aimed to assess whether marijuana legalization was associated with a difference in prevalence of prenatal use or an increase in incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Study Design The present study is a retrospective cohort of September and October deliveries in the years 2012 through 2015 at a tertiary center in Colorado. Primary outcome of the study was use of marijuana, defined by self-report or biodetection. Secondary outcomes of the study included growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth, stillbirth, preeclampsia, and neonatal or maternal death. Marijuana use prevalence was compared by year, and secondary outcomes between two periods, before and after the opening of the first recreational dispensary.
Results A total of 2,392 pregnant women were included (1,165 before legalization and 1,227 after). More women used marijuana over the period of legalization (trend p = 0.01). Odds of marijuana use were higher after legalization versus before (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.6). Incidence of growth restriction was higher after legalization (2.9 vs. 5.1%, p = 0.0084). This difference persisted after adjustment for ethnicity and other drugs in multivariable modeling (aOR = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.2–3.0).
Conclusion The prevalence of prenatal marijuana use increased over the time of legalization. Further investigation into the population impact of legalization on obstetrical outcomes is warranted given the observed increase in growth restriction.