bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of various factors affecting compliance in schizophrenia: A single center experience in India
Authors: Shah Charmi 
Published: September 2019

Aim of the studySchizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder, imparting a major burden in health care sector. Many treatments are available now a days to treat schizophrenia, although, its burden is not decreasing. The main reason behind this is noncompliance to treatment.This study aims to find out the non compliance prevalence and to study influence of sociodemographic factors, treatment related variables, illness related variables and various subjective reasonings in patients with schizophrenia.Subject or material and methodsOver the period of 1 year, 80 patients with schizophrenia who gave written informed consent were enrolled in the study and their sociodemographic, treatment related and illness related variables were noted. PANSS(positive and negative syndrome scale for Schizophrenia) was used to indicate the severity of illness. ROMI(Rating of Medication Influences Scale in Schizophrenia) was used to assess subjective reasons. Chi square test was used to find out statistical significance.Results37.5% patients were non compliant in our study. Education, the illness severity, the type of regimen and dosages of medication have a significant influence on treatment compliance. The subjective reason “no perceived benefit” is significantly associated with treatment noncompliance.DiscussionA wide literature is available across the globe on compliance in schizophrenia. This study aids in the available resources and throws a light on the regional factor.ConclusionsSchizophrenia, being a major disease imparting burden in psychiatry health care system, needs an attention in the area of compliance to treatment. This type of research should be done on regional basis to find out and address the factors that influence treatment compliance.
Effectiveness of play-based empathy training on social skills in students with Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Authors: kazemi fahimeh , abolghasemi abbas 
Published: September 2019

Aim of the studyThis study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of play-based empathy training on social skills improvement in autistic students.Subject or material and methodsit was a preliminary study with a pretest-posttest design, and a control group. The statistical population consisted all students with autism spectrum disorders in Rasht city in academic year 2016-17. The sample included 8 students selected via convenience sampling method, put randomly into the experimental (N=4) and control group (N=4). After taking the pretest through Social Skills Assessment (stone et al, 2010), the experimental group participated in 18 sessions (45-minutes) of play-based empathy training, while the control group received no intervention. At the end, the posttest was performed on both groups.ResultsThe results showed that play-based empathy training could improve social skills in autistic students.DiscussionThe results provide support for the role of play-based empathy training in improving social skills and psychological health in students with Autism Spectrum Disorders.ConclusionsThe results provide support for the role of play-based empathy training in improving social skills and psychological health in students with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Family and peer resources in relation to psychological condition in patients with paranoid schizophrenia
Authors: Izydorczyk Bernadetta , Sitnik-Warchulska Katarzyna , Kühn-Dymecka Aleksandra , Lizińczyk Sebastian 
Published: September 2019

Aim of the studyThe main objective of this study was seeking for the predictive role of social resources in maintaining the psychological condition by adults suffering from paranoid schizophrenia.Subject or material and methodsThe study group comprised 201 individuals, 95 females and 106 males, aged between 18 and 54, diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and being treated in psychiatric rehabilitation wards. The following instruments were used: clinical interview, a survey created the study, to measure life experience and coping with adverse life situations and their subjective outcomes for the social functioning, The Family Strengths Scale, The Perceived Social Support Scale, The Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being, The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, The Mood Scale, and The General Health Questionnaire. The correlation analysis and the path analysis were used.ResultsThe results confirmed that family resources significantly and directly influence a decline in perceiving the psychological condition of patients with schizophrenia. Life experience intensifies disease indicators adverse to healing. More significance was discovered in the case of support from father and comrades. The higher support from comrades was significantly related with lower self-assessed mental health.DiscussionThe present study suggested that indicators of family and social support also mediate the intensity of indicators of healing and attenuation of disease indicators, and the source of support is highly important for the course of the disease.ConclusionsThe educational and psychotherapeutic actions aimed at enhancing beliefs concerning the role of family and peer support in the healing process should be included in the long-term treatment of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and their families.
Sense of coherence and psychological well-being in cardiac patients: Is the association mediated by self-efficacy?
Authors: Krok Dariusz , Kleszczewska-Albińska Angelika 
Published: September 2019

Aim of the studyA large deal of research on cardiac patients concentrates on analyses of mutual relationships between sense of coherence and psychological well-being, sense of coherence and self-efficacy, or psychological well-being and self-efficacy. It has been proven that self-efficacy plays a crucial role as a mediator of the relationships between various psychological constructs.Subject or material and methodsA total number of 176 patients (82 women and 94 men), age 45-82 years (M = 58.56, SD = 8.25) participated in the study. All participants were patients admitted to the cardiology department with coronary heart disease and undergoing medical interventions. All participants were asked to fill in the Polish adaptations of Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale, and The Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB).ResultsPositive correlations were found between sense of coherence (SOC), self-efficacy (SE), and psychological well-being (PWB), as well as between subscales of SOC and PWB. Positive correlations were revealed between SE and subscales of PWB as well. SE was proved as a mediator between SOC and PWB.DiscussionResults obtained in the presented study provide an empirical proof of complexity of the relationship among sense of coherence, psychological well-being, and self-efficacy. The mediation of SE between SOC and PWB appears to be partial which indicates indirect effects among the variables.ConclusionsThe main finding was to demonstrate the mediating role of self-efficacy between sense of coherence and psychological well-being. Some additional personality variables need to be considered in further research.
The perception of aggression towards the medical personnel of psychiatric wards in Poland and in Norway – a comparative analysis
Authors: Lickiewicz Jakub , Nag Thomas , Ravnanger Conrad , Makara- Studzińska Marta , Jagielski Paweł 
Published: September 2019

Aim of the studyThe objective of the study was to find out whether there are differences in the attitudes and perception of patients’ aggression prevalent amongst groups of personnel from Poland and Norway. This issue has yet to be discussed in the subject literature; however, it should be assumed that such differences exist.Subject or material and methodsTwo tools were used to identify the attitudes of the medical personnel towards aggression: POAS (Perception of Aggression Scale) and ATAS (Attitudes Towards Aggression Scale). The research comprised 280 people – the personnel of psychiatric wards from the psychiatric hospital in Bergen, Norway (n= 140) and from the psychiatric hospitals in Żurawica and Jarosław in Poland (n= 140).ResultsStatistically significant differences were demonstrated between the attitudes and perception of aggression by the medical personnel in Poland and in Norway (p <0.001). The Norwegian personnel more frequently perceive aggression as positive behaviour, associated with the protection of one’s own territory. On the other hand, the Polish staff more often regard aggression as negative, offensive and intrusive behaviour.DiscussionThere are differences between the education and health care system in both countries. Education in Norway is strongly focused on communication with patients and their families. Another aspect is the problem of working conditions and the level of economic development. Furthermore, the character of the personnel’s work is also important.ConclusionsThe perception of aggression towards the medical staff of psychiatric wards in Poland and Norway differ. The manner of education, working conditions and ward culture might influence the attitudes and perception of aggression.
Recognition and assessment of dementia in primary care
Authors: Harrison-Dening Karen 
Published: September 2019

While patients diagnosed with dementia will require management from specialist neurology clinics, practice nurses play an important role in their health. Karen Harrison-Dening explains what assessment tools are available for patients with particular health needs The majority of patients are diagnosed in a memory assessment service or a neurology clinic. However, early detection of a possible dementia is often done in a primary care setting. Dementia diagnosis has been seen by some as a ‘tick-box exercise’ but there are significant benefits to patients and their families when screening or testing for dementia is carried out early, especially in supporting the patients management of other comorbid or long-term conditions. Nurses working in primary care have a key role in identifying patients who may have the signs and symptoms of dementia by enabling them to access a timely diagnosis.
Technology-enabled care in practice: from apps to Skype
Authors: Johnson Kellie , Chambers Chris , Corden-LePetit Dena 
Published: September 2019

As the demand for consultations increases, technology-enabled care may provide a viable solution. Kellie Johnson, Chris Chambers and Dena Corden-LePetit explore what technology is already available, including apps and Skype With demand for consultations becoming ever greater in primary care, the ability to diversify and find smarter ways of working is crucial. Stepping outside of comfort zones and embracing new technology may be the first step in widening the consulting remit. Using apps can be a great way of introducing technology into the workplace and a means of building digital confidence in patients and health professionals. With the correct support and guidance, more clinicians are using opportunities to progress to more interactive applications in their practice, such as Skype.
Framing obesity: disease status, language and stigma
Authors: Mulrooney Hilda 
Published: September 2019

The way that health professionals talk about conditions is crucial to patient-centred care. Hilda Mulrooney explains how obesity is a condition that is often framed in negative language that needs to be changed in order to improve healthcare quality in primary care The language and images used to describe those living with obesity are often stigmatising. They can contribute to the perception that those with obesity are responsible for their own condition. Much of the rhetoric around excess weight emphasises actions that individuals can take. This ignores the complexity of how weight is gained and retained, and the roles of genetics and environmental factors. In the UK, those advocating for obesity to be recognised as a disease suggest that this may reduce levels of weight-related stigma. The use of non-stigmatising images and people-first language are recommended to help change perceptions of blame around obesity.
Less is more when reducing antimicrobial prescribing
Authors: Haddock Gail 
Published: September 2019

As primary care is the main provider of antimicrobial prescriptions, knowing when and what to prescribe, and for how long, is hugely important to public health. Gail Haddock shares useful resources and toolkits to help practice nurses in their decision making Clinicians have reduced their antimicrobial prescribing by 6% in the past 5 years, but this is not enough to overcome the ever-increasing antimicrobial resistance that is a threat to modern medicine. The UK's new target is to reduce prescribing by a further 15% by 2020. This can only be achieved by the commitment of the full general practice team to only prescribe at the right time (ie only if necessary), and the right dose of the right antibiotic for the right length of time. There are numerous excellent resources for patients and clinicians alike on the TARGET website.
Investigation of decision-making levels of science teacher candidates by using decision matrix in multiple cases
Authors: Yener Huseyin 
Published: September 2019

Decision matrix is one of the tools that can be used to make scientific decisions upon possessing multiple options at hand. The aim of this study is to examine prospective science teachers’ decision-making levels by using decision matrix when there are multiple options. Prospective science teachers (n=30) were participated in the study. As a data collection tool, decision matrix including 3 problem scenarios and Melbourne Decision Making Scale were used. Whether the data was distributed normally was examined among the factors of maintaining the same decision (not changing the decision from the beginning to the end by using two methods which are intuitive and decision matrix) and self-esteem levels of decision making, careful decision-making style, avoidant decision-making style, procrastination decision-making style and panic decision-making style.
Kruskal Wallis test, which is one of the non-parametric tests was benefitted in the analysis of the data obtained. It was investigated whether there is a significant relationship among maintaining the same decision and self-esteem levels of decision making, careful decision-making style, avoidant decision-making style, procrastination decision-making style, panic decision-making style. Findings of the study revealed that there is no meaningful relationship between decision taken by using decision matrices and decisions taken by using intuitive methods which indicates that using decision matrices may lead more realistic solutions.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Karar matrisleri öğrencilerin çoklu seçeneklerin olduğu durumlarda, bilimsel karar vermelerinde kullanılabilecek araçlardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının çoklu seçeneklerin olduğu durumlarda karar matrisi kullanarak karar verme düzeylerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla Fen bilgisi öğretmen adayları (n=30) ile çalışılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak 3 problem senaryosunu içeren karar matrisi ve Melbourne Karar Verme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığı aynı kararı devam ettirme (değiştirmeme) (sezgisel ve karar matrisi kullanarak) ve kendine güven, Dikkatli Karar Verme Stili, Kaçıngan Karar Verme Stili, Erteleyici Karar Verme Stili ve Panik Karar Verme Stili faktörleri arasında incelenmiştir.
Verilerin normal dağılmamasından dolayı parametrik olmayan testlerden Kruskal Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Aynı kararı devam ettirme (değiştirmeme) (sezgisel ve karar matrisi kullanarak) ve kendine güven, Dikkatli Karar Verme Stili, Kaçıngan Karar Verme Stili, Erteleyici Karar Verme Stili ve Panik Karar Verme Stili faktörleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları faktörler arasında 0,05 düzeyinde anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını ortaya koyar niteliktedir.
Slip-Rolling Behavior of Ductile and Austempered Ductile Iron Containing Niobium or Chromium
Authors: Pimentel A. S. O. , Guesser W. L. , Portella P. D. , Woydt M. , Burbank J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of high niobium alloyed cast iron alloys is a relatively new approach in which the niobium addition intends to improve the properties of the material by the precipitation of hard niobium carbides during solidification. Steels can be replaced by ductile cast iron in some rolling applications, such as gears and cams, in order to reduce material costs. The aim of this work is to evaluate ductile iron alloyed with 1 weight percent (wt.%) niobium for the as cast specimens and with 1.8 wt.% and 2.4 wt.% niobium for the austempered specimens under lubricated slip-rolling tests using mixed/boundary conditions in an Amsler-type machine. Austempered ductile iron (ADI) alloyed with 1 wt.% chromium, or Carbidic ADI, was tested for comparison. For the as cast conditions, the niobium addition resulted in an increase of wear resistance owing to the low contact pressure of these tests. However, for the austempered specimens, the best performance was found for unalloyed ADI. The main factor acting in the initiation and propagation of cracks in ductile iron is the presence of the graphite nodules. The coarse carbides also contributed to the initiation of cracks and spalling of the material.
Genome-Wide Off-Target Analysis in CRISPR-Cas9 Modified Mice and Their Offspring
Authors: Dong Yan , Li Haimei , Zhao Liang , Koopman Peter , Zhang Feng , Huang Johnny X 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe emergence of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has triggered a technical revolution in mammalian genome editing. Compared to traditional gene-targeting strategies, CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers a more efficient and cost-effective approach for generating genetically modified animal models. However, off-target cleavage in CRISPR-mediated genome editing is a major concern in the analysis of phenotypes as well as the selection of therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from two knock-out (KO) mouse strains generated by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting the Mmd and Paqr8 loci. A total of nine individuals were sequenced including two parents, four F1 offspring and three uninjected control mice. Using GATK and bcftools software, we identified two off-target events in the founder mice. The two CRISPR-Cas9-induced off-target events were predictable using Cas-OFFinder and were not passed on to the offspring that we investigated. In addition, our results indicated that the number of CRISPR-Cas9-induced mutations was not statistically distinguishable from the background de novo mutations (DNMs).
Interpreting Coronary Artery Disease Risk Through Gene–Environment Interactions in Gene Regulation
Authors: Findley Anthony S , Richards Allison L , Petrini Cristiano , Alazizi Adnan , Doman Elizabeth , Shanku Alexander G , Davis Gordon O , Hauff Nancy , Sorokin Yoram , Wen Xiaoquan , Pique-Regi Roger , Luca Francesca 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological and genome-wide association studies have identified environmental and genetic risk factors for CVD. Using human vascular endothelial cells treated with dexamethasone, retinoic acid, caffeine, and selenium...GWAS and eQTL studies identified thousands of genetic variants associated with complex traits and gene expression. Despite the important role of environmental exposures in complex traits, only a limited number of environmental factors were measured in these studies. Measuring molecular phenotypes in tightly controlled cellular environments provides a more tractable setting to study gene–environment interactions in the absence of other confounding variables. We performed RNA-seq and ATAC-seq in endothelial cells exposed to retinoic acid, dexamethasone, caffeine, and selenium to model genetic and environmental effects on gene regulation in the vascular endothelium—a common site of pathology in cardiovascular disease. We found that genes near regions of differentially accessible chromatin were more likely to be differentially expressed [OR = (3.41, 6.52), p&lt;10−16]. Furthermore, we confirmed that environment-specific changes in transcription factor binding are a key mechanism for cellular response to environmental stimuli. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these transcription response factor footprints for dexamethasone, caffeine, and retinoic acid were enriched in GTEx eQTLs from artery tissues, indicating that these environmental conditions are latently present in GTEx samples. Additionally, SNPs in footprints for response factors in caffeine are enriched in colocalized eQTLs for coronary artery disease (CAD), suggesting a role for caffeine in CAD risk. By combining GWAS, eQTLs, and response genes, we annotated environmental components that can increase or decrease disease risk through changes in gene expression in 43 genes. Interestingly, each treatment may amplify or buffer genetic risk for CAD, depending on the particular SNP or gene considered.
Odor-Specific Deactivation Defects in a Drosophila Odorant-Binding Protein Mutant
Authors: Scheuermann Elizabeth A , Smith Dean P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are a large, diverse group of low-molecular weight proteins secreted into the fluid bathing olfactory and gustatory neuron dendrites. The best-characterized OBP, LUSH (OBP76a) enhances pheromone sensitivity enabling detection of physiological levels of the male-specific pheromone, 11-cis vaccenyl acetate. The role of the other OBPs encoded in the Drosophila genome is largely unknown. Here, using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9, we generated and characterized the loss-of-function phenotype for two genes encoding homologous OBPs, OS-E (OBP83b) and OS-F (OBP83a). Instead of activation defects, these extracellular proteins are required for normal deactivation of odorant responses to a subset of odorants. Remarkably, odorants detected by the same odorant receptor are differentially affected by the loss of the OBPs, revealing an odorant-specific role in deactivation kinetics. In stark contrast to lush mutants, the OS-E/F mutants have normal activation kinetics to the affected odorants, even at low stimulus concentrations, suggesting that these OBPs are not competing for these ligands with the odorant receptors. We also show that OS-E and OS-F are functionally redundant as either is sufficient to revert the mutant phenotype in transgenic rescue experiments. These findings expand our understanding of the roles of OBPs to include the deactivation of odorant responses.