bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compositional characterization of complex protopeptide libraries via triboelectric nanogenerator Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Bouza Marcos , Li Anyin , Forsythe Jay G. , Petrov Anton , Wang Zhong Lin , Fernández Facundo M. 
Published: April 2019

RationaleUnderstanding of the molecular processes that led to the first biomolecules on Earth is one of the key aspects of origins‐of‐life research. Depsipeptides, or polymers with mixed amide and ester backbones, have been proposed as plausible prebiotic precursors for peptide formation. Chemical characterization of depsipeptides in complex prebiotic‐like mixtures should benefit from more efficient ion sources and ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHR‐MS) for elemental composition elucidation.MethodsA sliding freestanding (SF) Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) was coupled to glass nanoelectrospray emitters for the analysis of a depsipeptide library created using 11 amino acids and 3 alpha‐hydroxy acids subjected to environmentally driven polymerization. The TENG nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) source was coupled to an UHR Orbitrap mass spectrometer operated at 1,000,000 resolution for detecting depsipeptides and oligoesters in such libraries. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments were performed on an Orbitrap Q‐Exactive mass spectrometer.ResultsOur previous proteomics‐like approach to depsipeptide library characterization showed the enormous complexity of these dynamic combinatorial systems. Here, direct infusion UHR‐MS along with de novo sequencing enabled the identification of 524 sequences corresponding to 320 different depsipeptide compositions. Van Krevelen and mass defect diagrams enabled better visualization of the chemical diversity in these synthetic libraries.ConclusionsTENG nanoESI coupled to UHR‐MS is a powerful method for depsipeptide library characterization in an origins‐of‐life context.
Synthesis of Imidazolium Derivatives Comprising a Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Structure
Authors: Walther Sebastian , Strehmel Veronika 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of new imidazolium derivatives is discussed in this work that are substituted with a fatty acid methyl ester structure. These new compounds were made from methyl oleate. The synthetic way started with epoxidation of methyl oleate followed by epoxy ring opening reaction using imidazole. 4‐Iodomethyl styrene was used for quaternization of the resulting imidazole substituent bound at the fatty acid methyl ester on the one hand. Reaction of the hydroxy group with methacrylic anhydride followed by quaternization of the imidazole substituent using benzyl bromide was carried out on the other hand. Halide exchange by bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide resulted in two new imidazolium compounds comprising a fatty acid methyl ester structure. These new imidazolium compounds exhibit low glass transition temperatures that are typical for ionic liquids. They may be interesting as surfactants, as starting materials for polyelectrolyte manufacturing, as barrier materials for coatings, and as source for N‐heterocyclic carbenes.
Green economy: Private sectors’ response to climate change
Authors: Ansah Richard Hannis , Sorooshian Shahryar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe focus of this paper is to present a discussion of the role of the private sector in response to the need for climate change adaptations. The study, which was conducted through a literature review, investigates the concept of the green economy and climate change, as well as businesses’ commitment to advance climate actions in ways that build resilience in vulnerable communities in developing countries. The paper calls on companies with national, regional, and/or global reach to adopt or develop strategies that improve resource efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce the loss of biodiversity. Businesses can accelerate this transition by aligning their investments with climate change adaptation opportunities, and thus, “green” the economy. In addition, green growth could be achieved through tactical public and private investments in mitigating climate change. The paper concludes that the private sector is a key sector in addressing the challenges of vulnerable communities, and it has much to contribute to the planning, development, and implementation of climate adaptation strategies, including sector‐specific expertise, technology, efficiency, financing, and entrepreneurship. Finally, some social conditions and environmental boundaries have been highlighted in this paper to attract the attention of business leaders who are trying to build initiatives and advance climate actions that will reduce socio‐community risks from climate change. Also, comprehensive initiatives and strategies have been recommended to private companies seeking to address climate vulnerabilities.
Clinical Observations and the Anatomical Basis of Blindness After Facial Hyaluronic Acid Injection
Authors: Zhang Lei , Pan Lei , Xu Hong , Yan Sheng , Sun Yi , Wu Woffles T. L. , Wu Sufan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Blindness or visual loss is the most serious complication resulting from facial hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. In this study, three recent clinical cases were analyzed, and the relevant anatomy of cadavers was evaluated to investigate the mechanism behind visual impairment due to HA injection.

Methods
Three patients with different extents of visual loss after HA injection were studied. Ophthalmic testing and corresponding treatments were performed, and the clinical progress was observed. In addition, thirty-six fresh Asian cadaver hemifaces were anatomized to investigate the morphology of the ophthalmic artery and its branches. The minimum dose of HA for central retinal artery embolism was calculated based on the ophthalmic arterial volumes of cadavers.

Results
Visual impairment was more severe in central retinal artery occlusion and combined intraocular branch occlusion than in posterior ciliary artery occlusion. During follow-up, no improvement was observed in terms of visual impairment. Cadaver study reconfirmed that the ophthalmic artery included facial and intraocular branches. The ophthalmic arterial volumes running from the supraorbital artery and supratrochlear artery to the central retinal artery were 0.083 cm3 and 0.089 cm3, respectively.

Conclusions
The severity of blindness caused by HA injection may be associated with the occlusion site. Our clinical observations indicate that conventional treatments, such as retrobulbar hyaluronidase injection, are insufficient to relieve visual impairment. Injecting as little as 0.08 ml of HA into the facial branch is enough to cause central retinal artery embolism. Limiting the volume per injection could represent a simple prophylactic strategy.

Level of Evidence V
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
The judicial role in protecting democracy from populism
Authors: Prendergast David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPopulist political movements claim to be democratic in expressing what the people want, against the political establishment. These claims are misconceived to begin with in presupposing a definitive unitary people. Nonetheless, constitutional democracies face a special challenge to resist these claims in principle because they are unmistakably democratic sounding claims; they purport to empower popular will so that the people can rule themselves. Populist movements can be successful at the ballot box and push political culture in antidemocratic directions through democratic means, all the while claiming democratic legitimacy. The very processes of democracy are under threat. Traditionally, political winners are not motivated to change the system that saw them elected; populists are different in this regard. The populist challenge prompts a revisit of the debate about the democratic legitimacy of judges being empowered to displace the decisions of elected legislative assemblies (the constitutional review debate). An underdeveloped aspect of the constitutional review debate was the scope for courts to intervene specifically in political processes to correct them when they have gone awry and to help prevent them going awry in the first place. Judicial intervention is costly in democratic terms, and yet democracy has to be protected. This Article analyzes the search for a balance between popular will shaping democratic processes and judicially managed constitutional limitations on popular will shaping those processes. The recommended judicial role is styled as courts protecting—not perfecting—democracy, and it is a John Hart Ely-inspired modification of a separation of powers defense of constitutional review. In addressing the populist challenge, courts can, in principle, try to be a step ahead in anticipating and, where they can, slowing degradation of democracy and thereby helping to prevent it.
Accumulated lifecourse adversities and depressive symptoms in later life among older men and women in England: a longitudinal study
Authors: Falkingham Jane , Evandrou Maria , Qin Min , Vlachantoni Athina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the association between accumulated major lifecourse adversities and later-life depressive symptoms among older people in England, both at a single point in time (prevalence) and the onset over time during later life (incidence), using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Using retrospective data on the experience of major life adversities from childhood onwards, five latent classes were identified: no/few lifecourse adversities (58.6%), lost relationship (27.0%), chained adversities (2.4%), childhood adversities (6.3%) and war-related adversities (5.7%). Older people who had experienced ‘chained adversities’, ‘childhood adversities’ and ‘a lost relationship’ had higher odds of presenting current depressive symptoms in 2006, even after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, health-risk behaviours and social resources. Longitudinal analysis indicated that amongst respondents who were clear of depression in 2006, those older people who had experienced childhood adversities, a lost relationship and war-related adversities experienced a higher risk of having a new case of depressive symptoms. Results further indicate that women's mental health in later life is more sensitive to earlier life adversities than men's. The study shows that intervention earlier in the lifecourse may have benefits for the individual both contemporaneously and over the longer term.
Estimating within-flock transmission rate parameter for H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Minnesota turkey flocks during the 2015 epizootic
Authors: Ssematimba A. , Malladi S. , Hagenaars T. J. , Bonney P. J. , Weaver J. T. , Patyk K. A. , Spackman E. , Halvorson D. A. , Cardona C. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBetter control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks requires deeper understanding of within-flock virus transmission dynamics. For such fatal diseases, daily mortality provides a proxy for disease incidence. We used the daily mortality data collected during the 2015 H5N2 HPAI outbreak in Minnesota turkey flocks to estimate the within-flock transmission rate parameter (β). The number of birds in Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious and Recovered compartments was inferred from the data and used in a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) to estimate the parameters. Novel here was the correction of these data for normal mortality before use in the fitting process. We also used mortality threshold to determine HPAI-like mortality to improve the accuracy of estimates from the back-calculation approach. The estimated β was 3.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–4.3) per day with a basic reproduction number of 12.8 (95% CI 9.2–17.2). Although flock-level estimates varied, the overall estimate was comparable to those from other studies. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the estimated β was highly sensitive to the bird-level latent period, emphasizing the need for its precise estimation. In all, for fatal poultry diseases, the back-calculation approach provides a computationally efficient means to obtain reasonable transmission parameter estimates from mortality data.
Tectonic Inheritance Following Failed Continental Subduction: A Model for Core Complex Formation in Cold, Strong Lithosphere
Authors: Biemiller James , Ellis Susan , Mizera Marcel , Little Timothy , Wallace Laura , Lavier Luc 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInherited structural, compositional, thermal, and mechanical properties from previous tectonic phases can affect the deformation style of lithosphere entering a new stage of the Wilson cycle. When continental crust jams a subduction zone, the transition from subduction to extension can occur rapidly, as is the case following slab breakoff of the leading subducted oceanic slab. This study explores the extent to which geometric and physical properties of the subduction phase affect the subsequent deformation style and surface morphology of post subduction extensional systems. We focus on regions that transition rapidly from subduction to extension, retaining lithospheric heterogeneities and cold thermal structure inherited from subduction. We present numerical models suggesting that following failed subduction of continental crust (with or without slab breakoff), the extensional deformation style depends on the strength and dip of the preexisting subduction thrust. Our models predict three distinct extensional modes based on these inherited properties: (1) reactivation of the subduction thrust and development of a rolling‐hinge detachment that exhumes deep crustal material in a domal structure prior to onset of an asymmetric rift; (2) partial reactivation of a low‐angle subduction thrust, which is eventually abandoned as high‐angle, “domino”‐style normal faults cut and extend the crust above the inherited thrust; and (3) no reactivation of the subduction fault but instead localized rifting above the previous subduction margin as new rift‐bounding, high‐angle normal faults form. We propose that the first mode is well exemplified by the young, rapidly exhumed Dayman‐Suckling metamorphic core complex that is exhuming today in Papua New Guinea.
Ion beam etching redeposition for 3D multimaterial nanostructure manufacturing
Authors: Desbiolles B. X. E. , Bertsch A. , Renaud P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA novel fabrication method based on the local sputtering of photoresist sidewalls during ion beam etching is presented. This method allows for the manufacture of three-dimensional multimaterial nanostructures at the wafer scale in only four process steps. Features of various shapes and profiles can be fabricated at sub-100-nm dimensions with unprecedented freedom in material choice. Complex nanostructures such as nanochannels, multimaterial nanowalls, and suspended networks were successfully fabricated using only standard microprocessing tools. This provides an alternative to traditional nanofabrication techniques, as well as new opportunities for biosensing, nanofluidics, nanophotonics, and nanoelectronics.
Epigenetic drug library screening identified an LSD1 inhibitor to target UTX-deficient cells for differentiation therapy
Authors: Wu Baohong , Pan Xiangyu , Chen Xuelan , Chen Mei , Shi Kaidou , Xu Jing , Zheng Jianan , Niu Ting , Chen Chong , Shuai Xiao , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUTX (also known as KDM6A), a histone 3 lysine 27 demethylase, is among the most frequently mutated epigenetic regulators in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recent studies have suggested that UTX mutations promote MDS and AML by blocking the differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we performed an epigenetic drug library screening for small molecules able to release the differentiation block on HSPCs induced by UTX deficiency. We found that SP2509, a selective inhibitor of LSD1, specifically promoted the differentiation of Utx-null HSPCs while sparing wild-type HSPCs. Transcriptome profiling showed that Utx loss reduced the expression of differentiation-related and tumor suppressor genes, correlating with their potential roles in HSPC self-renewal and leukemogenesis. In contrast, SP2509 treatment reversed these changes in gene expression in Utx-null HSPCs. Accordingly, Utx loss decreased H3K4 methylation level probably through the COMPASS-like complex, while LSD1 inhibition by SP2509 partially reversed the reduction of H3K4 methylation in Utx-deficient HSPCs. Further, SP2509 promoted the differentiation of Utx-null AML cells in vitro and in vivo and, therefore, extended the survival of these leukemic mice. Thus, our study identified a novel strategy to specifically target both premalignant and malignant cells with Utx deficiency for differentiation therapy and provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Utx in regulating HSPCs and related diseases.
DMP1 prevents osteocyte alterations, FGF23 elevation and left ventricular hypertrophy in mice with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dussold Corey , Gerber Claire , White Samantha , Wang Xueyan , Qi Lixin , Francis Connor , Capella Maralee , Courbon Guillaume , Wang Jingya , Li Chaoyuan , Feng Jian Q. , Isakova Tamara , Wolf Myles , David Valentin , Martin Aline 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring chronic kidney disease (CKD), alterations in bone and mineral metabolism include increased production of the hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) that may contribute to cardiovascular mortality. The osteocyte protein dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) reduces FGF23 and enhances bone mineralization, but its effects in CKD are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that DMP1 supplementation in CKD would improve bone health, prevent FGF23 elevations and minimize consequent adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated DMP1 regulation and effects in wild-type (WT) mice and the Col4a3−/− mouse model of CKD. Col4a3−/− mice demonstrated impaired kidney function, reduced bone DMP1 expression, reduced bone mass, altered osteocyte morphology and connectivity, increased osteocyte apoptosis, increased serum FGF23, hyperphosphatemia, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and reduced survival. Genetic or pharmacological supplementation of DMP1 in Col4a3−/− mice prevented osteocyte apoptosis, preserved osteocyte networks, corrected bone mass, partially lowered FGF23 levels by attenuating NFAT-induced FGF23 transcription, and further increased serum phosphate. Despite impaired kidney function and worsened hyperphosphatemia, DMP1 prevented development of LVH and improved Col4a3−/− survival. Our data suggest that CKD reduces DMP1 expression, whereas its restoration represents a potential therapeutic approach to lower FGF23 and improve bone and cardiac health in CKD.
The Role of the Brainstem in Generating and Modulating Tinnitus
Authors: Theodoroff Sarah M. , Kaltenbach James A. 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to present a perspective article summarizing ideas pertaining to the brainstem's role in generating and modulating tinnitus. It is organized in 4 sections: Part 1, the role of the brainstem as a tinnitus generator; Part 2, the role of the brainstem in modulating tinnitus; Part 3, the role of the brainstem in nonauditory comorbid conditions associated with tinnitus; and Part 4, clinical implications. In Part 1, well-established neurophysiological models are discussed providing the framework of evidence that auditory brainstem nuclei play a role in generating tinnitus. In Part 2, ideas are presented explaining modulatory effects on tinnitus related to underlying pathways originating from or projecting to brainstem auditory and nonauditory nuclei. This section addresses multiple phenomena including somatic-related, attention-mediated, and emotion-mediated changes in the tinnitus percept. In Part 3, the role of the brainstem in common nonauditory comorbidities that occur in patients with tinnitus is discussed. Part 4 presents clinical implications of these new ideas related to the brainstem's involvement in generating and modulating tinnitus.ImpactKnowledge of the brainstem's involvement in generating and modulating tinnitus provides a context for health care professionals to understand the temporal relationship between tinnitus and common nonauditory comorbid conditions.
Inhalatoren bei asthmatischen Erkrankungen –
Kostenreduktion und höhere Lebensqualität durch Vermeidung von
Anwendungsfehlern
Authors: Potempa Christoph 
Published: April 2019

Forster et al. Cost–utility analysis of an intervention designed to reduce the
critical handling error of insufficient inspiratory effort. Eur J Health Econ
2018; 19(9): 1303–1318
Eine aktuelle gesundheitsökonomische Analyse von Forster et al. untersucht die
wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Kosten einer fehlerhaften
Einatmungstechnik im Rahmen der Inhalatoren-Nutzung von Asthma-Patienten und
evaluiert darüber hinaus den Einfluss einer wirksamen Maßnahme zur
Verringerung bzw. Beseitigung dieses Anwendungsfehlers.
The Interplay of Knowledge Representation with Various Fields of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Authors: Balkanyi Laszlo , Cornet Ronald 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is widespread in many areas, including medicine. However, it is unclear what exactly AI encompasses. This paper aims to provide an improved understanding of medical AI and its constituent fields, and their interplay with knowledge representation (KR).
Methods: We followed a Wittgensteinian approach (“meaning by usage”) applied to content metadata labels, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus to classify the field. To understand and characterize medical AI and the role of KR, we analyzed: (1) the proportion of papers in MEDLINE related to KR and various AI fields; (2) the interplay among KR and AI fields and overlaps among the AI fields; (3) interconnectedness of fields; and (4) phrase frequency and collocation based on a corpus of abstracts.
Results: Data from over eighty thousand papers showed a steep, six-fold surge in the last 30 years. This growth happened in an escalating and cascading way. A corpus of 246,308 total words containing 21,842 unique words showed several hundred occurrences of notions such as robotics, fuzzy logic, neural networks, machine learning and expert systems in the phrase frequency analysis. Collocation analysis shows that fuzzy logic seems to be the most often collocated notion. Neural networks and machine learning are also used in the conceptual neighborhood of KR. Robotics is more isolated.
Conclusions: Authors note an escalation of published AI studies in medicine. Knowledge representation is one of the smaller areas, but also the most interconnected, and provides a common cognitive layer for other areas.
Tai Dam orthographies
Authors: Vitrano-Wilson Seth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTai Dam [blt] is a Southwestern Tai (< Kra-Dai) language spoken in Vietnam, Laos, China, and Thailand with approximately 750,000 speakers (Simons & Fennig 2017). The Tai Viet script has been used for centuries to write Tai Dam and other Tai languages. Because the Tai Viet script is not taught in schools, however, some Tai Dam readers prefer to use adaptations of the Vietnamese and Lao orthographies for writing Tai Dam. This paper describes Tai Dam orthographies in the Tai Viet, Lao, and Roman scripts. Particular focus is given to the way writers have faced the challenge of tonal mismatch between Tai Dam and Vietnamese or Lao by borrowing tone marking devices from one script to another, and to the sociolinguistic implications of these tone marking systems.