bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmoid-mediated reconnection in solar UV bursts
Authors: Peter H. , Huang Y.-M. , Chitta L. P. , Young P. R. 
Published: July 2019

Context. Ultraviolet bursts are transients in the solar atmosphere with an increased impulsive emission in the extreme UV lasting for one to several tens of minutes. They often show spectral profiles indicative of a bi-directional outflow in response to magnetic reconnection.
Aims. To understand UV bursts, we study how motions of magnetic elements at the surface can drive the self-consistent formation of a current sheet resulting in plasmoid-mediated reconnection. In particular, we want to study the role of the height of the reconnection in the atmosphere.
Methods. We conducted numerical experiments solving the 2D magnetohydrodynamic equations from the solar surface to the upper atmosphere. Motivated by observations, we drove a small magnetic patch embedded in a larger system of magnetic field of opposite polarity. This type of configuration creates an X-type neutral point in the initial potential field. The models are characterized by the (average) plasma-β at the height of this X point.
Results. The driving at the surface stretches the X-point into a thin current sheet, where plasmoids appear, accelerating the reconnection, and a bi-directional jet forms. This is consistent with what is expected for UV bursts or explosive events, and we provide a self-consistent model of the formation of the reconnection region in such events. The gravitational stratification gives a natural explanation for why explosive events are restricted to a temperature range around a few 0.1 MK, and the presence of plasmoids in the reconnection process provides an understanding of the observed variability during the transient events on a timescale of minutes.
Conclusions. Our numerical experiments provide a comprehensive understanding of UV bursts and explosive events, in particular of how the atmospheric response changes if the reconnection happens at different plasma-β, that is, at different heights in the atmosphere. This analysis also gives new insight into how UV bursts might be related to the photospheric Ellerman bombs.
Prevalence of May-Thurner Syndrome in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis at a Large Medical Referral Center
Authors: Heller Thomas , Teichert Christine , Hafer Judith , Weber Marc-André , Kröger Jens-Christian , Meinel Felix G. 
Published: July 2019

Objective We set out to investigate the prevalence of May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis at a large medical referral center.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 496 patients who were referred to the emergency unit of a large medical referral center with suspected venous thromboembolism (VTE) and were diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis of the iliac veins and/or the thigh on ultrasound. We retrospectively assessed the presence of MTS in the primary ultrasound examination and on additional imaging (available in n = 193 patients).
Results Across all 496 patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, the median age was 70 years. 238 patients (48 %) were female. The thrombosis was left-sided in 263 cases (53 %), right-sided in 208 cases (42 %) and bilateral in 24 cases (5 %). In the subgroup of patients with left-sided and bilateral thrombosis, the growth pattern was classified as ascending in 142 patients (50 %), descending in 104 patients (36 %) and unclear in 41 patients (14 %). Additional imaging tests were available in 193 patients: 119 patients (41 %) underwent CT, 18 patients (6 %) MRI and 30 patients (10 %) underwent phlebography. Within the subgroup of patients with left-sided and bilateral thrombosis, MTS was confirmed in 88 patients (31 %), and the imaging findings in 17 patients (6 %) were highly suspicious of MTS. Differentiation was not possible in 86 patients (30 %) and MTS was excluded in 96 patients (33 %).
Conclusion Underlying MTS is not uncommon in the selected cohort of patients with deep iliofemoral vein thrombosis at a large referral center and should be excluded by imaging.
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Satisfaction Rates Are Low following Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in Asians Despite Improvements in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Bin Abd Razak Hamid Rahmatullah , Lee Jian Hui Merrill , Tan Shi Ming , Chong Hwei Chi , Lo Ngai Nung , Yeo Seng Jin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith the aging population in Asia and increase in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilization rates, the number of patients requiring revision TKA (rTKA) are expected to increase as well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes and satisfaction rates following rTKA in an Asian population that has unique cultural demands. Registry data of patients who underwent rTKA from 2006 to 2010 and had completed 5 years of follow-up were analyzed. Flexion range, Oxford Knee score (OKS), Knee Society score (KSS), the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), and satisfaction rates were assessed for improvement from preoperative values, as well as by the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) criterion. rTKA was performed in 163 patients. There were significant improvements seen at 2 years postoperatively and these were sustained up to 5 years. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) criterion for KSS, OKS, and SF-36 physical component score (PCS) was met at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. The overall complication rate was 3.7% at a mean follow-up of 8.4 years. A total of 121 patients (74.2%) were satisfied at 5 years postoperatively. Within our cohort, rTKA results in significantly improved patient-reported outcome measures with a low complication rate of 3.7% at a minimum of 5-year follow-up. Despite these encouraging results, satisfaction rates remain low.
Greening the information desert
Authors: Cunningham Una , King Jeanette 
Published: July 2019

AbstractParents and prospective parents who speak a language other than English in New Zealand are in something of an information desert when it comes to how and why they might go about raising their children bilingually. While the official languages, Te Reo Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, have special status among the languages of New Zealand, other languages are viewed very much as the responsibility of ethnolinguistic communities. To support the intergenerational transmission of minority languages in New Zealand, research-informed material has been created for dissemination in a website, an associated Facebook page and a series of lecture-workshops for parents and professionals which have been made available in digital form in this website. Workshops continue to be offered to professionals such as speech-language therapists, early childhood educators, midwives, doctors, and nurses who work with families with young children. Questions asked during these workshops help to select the myths about multilingualism we need to address in this outreach to irrigate and green the information desert. Already, a bilingual French class and a Swedish playgroup have been set up as direct results of the parents’ workshop events. Individual parents have reported feeling empowered to persevere in their efforts to raise their children as speakers of their language. Invitations to contribute to education programs for the professionals who work close to young children are beginning to arrive.
Debating credibility
Authors: Smith-Khan Laura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article explores public debates about credibility in media discourse regarding a Somali refugee who was raped on Nauru. Given the pseudonym “Abyan”, she was living on Nauru as a result of Australian refugee policy and was brought to Australia for medical assistance. Her treatment by the Australian authorities became the subject of debate and was widely discussed in the Australian media. Analyzing a corpus of media articles reporting and commenting on this debate, this article explores how the media’s representations of the key actors shape their credibility. Reflecting existing research, this article finds that Abyan’s experience is used to support broader policy arguments. Further, the discourse presents Abyan as a key speaker, despite her limited ability to defend her credibility. The article concludes that credibility remains an important theme in discourse on refugees and that power asymmetries hidden within this discourse create obstacles for those wishing to challenge it.
Epistemes of contemporary nationhood
Authors: Majstorović Danijela 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter aims to map the configurations of dominant epistemes of the contemporary Serb nationhood in Republika Srpska (RS) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) as truth claims in the current social hegemony founded on discourses legitimizing the 1992–1995 wars. By engaging in a combination of archeological-genealogical and a discourse historical approach to critical discourse analysis (DHA CDA), I analyze three types of elite discourses shaping the postwar cultural politics in Republika Srpska (RS): the poetic, the philosophical and political discourse. More specifically, I focus on the trope of history repeating, which, as an extended metaphor, also realizes its argumentative potential and becomes a topos of history, visible in the legitimation of the Srebrenica genocide preempting the potential Serb pogrom like the one in World War II, securing the epistemic warranty of contemporary Serb nationhood and providing a raison d’être for the Republika Srpska.
Save the trees
Authors: Jacques Guillaume , List Johann-Mattis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSkepticism regarding the tree model has a long tradition in historical linguistics. Although scholars have emphasized that the tree model and its long-standing counterpart, the wave theory, are not necessarily incompatible, the opinion that family trees are unrealistic and should be completely abandoned in the field of historical linguistics has always enjoyed a certain popularity. This skepticism has further increased with the advent of recently proposed techniques for data visualization which seem to confirm that we can study language history without trees. In this article, we show that the concrete arguments that have been brought up in favor of achronistic wave models do not hold. By comparing the phenomenon of incomplete lineage sorting in biology with processes in linguistics, we show that data which do not seem as though they can be explained using trees can indeed be explained without turning to diffusion as an explanation. At the same time, methodological limits in historical reconstruction might easily lead to an overestimation of regularity, which may in turn appear as conflicting patterns when the researcher is trying to reconstruct a coherent phylogeny. We illustrate how, in several instances, trees can benefit language comparison, although we also discuss their shortcomings in modeling mixed languages. While acknowledging that not all aspects of language history are tree-like, and that integrated models which capture both vertical and lateral language relations may depict language history more realistically than trees do, we conclude that all models claiming that vertical language relations can be completely ignored are essentially wrong: either they still tacitly draw upon family trees or they only provide a static display of data and thus fail to model temporal aspects of language history.
Detecting non-tree-like signal using multiple tree topologies
Authors: Verkerk Annemarie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recent applications of phylogenetic methods to historical linguistics have been criticized for assuming a tree
structure in which ancestral languages differentiate and split up into daughter languages, while language evolution is inherently
non-tree-like (François 2014; Blench
2015: 32–33). This article attempts to contribute to this debate by discussing the use of the multiple topologies method
(Pagel & Meade 2006a) implemented in BayesPhylogenies (Pagel & Meade 2004). This method is applied to lexical datasets from four different
language families: Austronesian (Gray, Drummond & Greenhill 2009), Sinitic (Ben Hamed & Wang 2006), Indo-European (Bouckaert
et al. 2012), and Japonic (Lee & Hasegawa 2011). Evidence for multiple
topologies is found in all families except, surprisingly, Austronesian. It is suggested that reticulation may arise from a number
of processes, including dialect chain break-up, borrowing (both shortly after language splits and later on), incomplete lineage
sorting, and characteristics of lexical datasets. It is shown that the multiple topologies method is a useful tool to study the
dynamics of language evolution.
Subgrouping the Sogeram languages
Authors: Daniels Don , Barth Danielle , Barth Wolfgang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHistorical Glottometry is a method, recently proposed by Kalyan and François (François 2014;Kalyan & François 2018), for analyzing and representing the relationships among sister languages in a language family. We present a glottometric analysis of the Sogeram language family of Papua New Guinea and, in the process, provide an evaluation of the method. We focus on three topics that we regard as problematic: how to handle the higher incidence of cross-cutting isoglosses in the Sogeram data; how best to handle lexical innovations; and what to do when the data do not allow the analyst to be sure whether a given language underwent a given innovation or not. For each topic we compare different ways of coding and calculating the data and suggest the best way forward. We conclude by proposing changes to the way glottometric data are coded and calculated and the way glottometric results are visualized. We also discuss how to incorporate Historical Glottometry into an effective historical-linguistic research workflow.
Visualizing the Boni dialectswith Historical Glottometry
Authors: Elias Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the historical relations between dialects of Boni, a Cushitic language of Kenya and Somalia.
Boni forms the subject of Volume 10 of the Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya (Heine & Möhlig 1982). Heine presents evidence for three subgroups within Boni, as well as several
areas of convergence between dialects belonging to different proposed subgroups. In reviewing his evidence, I find that two of the
three splits are not supported by the data, and therefore his conclusions on convergence must also be reinterpreted. Given the
presence of numerous intersecting isoglosses, the tree diagram is an inappropriate model for describing the relations between Boni
dialects, and I turn to Historical Glottometry (Kalyan & François 2018) to provide
a visualization of the data.
Microvariation in thehave yet toconstruction
Authors: Tyler Matthew , Wood Jim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThehave yet toconstruction, exemplified by sentences such asJohn has yet to visit his grandmother,is widespread across dialects of English. However, recent studies have revealed that behind this apparent unity, there is significant variation in the syntactic properties of thehave yet toconstruction. Speakers vary with respect to (i) the status ofhaveas an auxiliary or main verb, (ii) the status of negation tests, and (iii) the status of a variety of relatedyet toconstructions. The goal of this paper is to sort out the microsyntax ofhave yet toacross speakers, in the face of contradictory empirical claims and mutually incompatible proposals in the existing literature. We develop an analysis based in part on two wide-scale surveys we have conducted. With respect tohave,we show that speakers who can treat it as a main verb can also treat it as an auxiliary, but not necessarily vice-versa. We propose that the variation in this case has to do with where theperfect features are introduced in the clause. With respect to negation, we find that speakers do not treat all the negation tests the same, forcing us to contend with the question of how these tests work. We propose that for most speakers, only the embedded clause is syntactically negative. Negation tests split according to whether they must target the matrix clause, or whether they can target an embedded clause as well. In some cases, the tests reveal the same sentence to be both affirmative and negative, as we expect: the matrix clause is syntactically affirmative, but the embedded clause, which hosts the lexical content, is syntactically negative.
N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns
Authors: Cook Manuela 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Address pronouns are often discussed within a T-V model of evaluation, where T symbolizes a familiar or informal approach and V a polite or formal approach. These two postures are originally associated with asymmetric personal and group interaction. N-V-T is an alternative framework of evaluation that considers neutrality, N, as an essential component. English unmarked, single pronoun you bypasses the T-V binary and has become a global example of the N posture. This chapter analyses the Anglophone case and how it compares with other languages, in some of which a traditional V or T encoder may be playing a new role in response to the inter-relational shifts which are taking place in today’s worldwide evolution of address pronoun social dynamics.
When we means you
Authors: Wilson Nick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter uses qualitative and quantitative analysis of interactions collected in a New Zealand rugby team to analyse the way in which pronominal choice impacts upon the social dynamics of leadership discourse. In particular, the pseudo-inclusive first person plural pronoun is examined in terms of its solidarity enhancing effect and mitigation of leadership-focused speech acts. Pronominal use is analysed with reference to the sociolinguistic concept of stance alignment and how this can mitigate potential face-threat. The discussion considers that by including themselves with the addressees of an interaction, leaders can attenuate the illocutionary force of speech acts such as directives and criticism, whilst maximising the directness of their expression, and goes on to question the social function of pseudo-inclusive compliments.
Address pronouns and alternatives
Authors: Cook Manuela 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Polycentric languages experience variation. Address pronouns and other forms of address constitute an area which is particularly open to national preferences, where the language is influenced by different cultural backgrounds and performs at the service of different social dynamics. In translation work, achieving comparable renderings between the source language and the target language will require a discerning awareness of specific sociological and sociolinguistic characteristics in the relevant places of origin and destination of the text being converted. This chapter examines challenges and proposes solutions for those decoding and encoding between English and Portuguese. It does so using a framework of evaluation deemed to promote insight and using techniques that are transferable to other language pairs, particularly where English is involved.
T-V address practices in Italian
Authors: Maeder Costantino , Werner Romane 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the Italian pronouns of address by means of (1) diachronic, (2) diatopic, and (3) diastratic analyses. Drawing on corpus linguistics, we compiled a two million-word corpus made up of narrative texts written by both men and women writers from the Italian classic literature. (1) Our outcomes confirm that the most recurrent pronoun is tu, whereas Voi and Lei quantitatively come after. With respect to politeness strategies, the pronoun Voi appeared with a higher frequency during the 19th century, whereas Lei was more recurrent during the 20th and the 21st centuries. (2) Our data suggest that, unpredictably, both pronouns tu and Lei would be idiosyncratic to Southerners and Voi to Northerners in our diachronic corpus, whereas both tu and Voi appear to be typical of individuals from the South and Lei from the North in our contemporary corpus. This also confirms some tendencies: the current regional use of Voi as the V-form in the South as well as the increase in the usage of tu. (3) Men writers would tend to be more polite than women authors. Besides, women writers who supported the fascist regime tended to make use of the pronoun Voi in order to comport with its politics of pronouns. On the contrary, antifascist women had the tendency to use the pronoun Lei. Contrary to the bulk of research, the outcomes of this research emphasise men’s politeness rather than women’s while adding up crucial data on the temporal evolution of the pronouns.
Me, myself, and ako
Authors: Osborne Dana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This analysis explores the complex existential relationship that multilingual speakers in the Philippines forge between sign (language) and object (ego) when referring to themselves in Taglish using both the first-person pronouns, I (English) and ako (Tagalog) in single tweets. Bringing together complementary analytical approaches on pronouns, codeswitching/mixing, and voice, this analysis explores the ways in which the self can be dynamically constituted in the dialogic interplay of first-person pronouns in English and Tagalog on the social media platform of Twitter. Data explored in this chapter help to investigate the philosophical question of whether I and ako operate in a one-to-one existential relationship with the ego and to examine the complex ways that languages dynamically interact with one another to construct complex, kaleidoscopic selves.
The Effects of Linseed Supplementation in Ration on Milk Production and Quality of Lactating Ettawa Crossbreed Dairy Goats
Authors: Widyawati S D , Hadi R F , Hanifa A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of linseed in ration on milk production and quality of lactating Ettawa crossbreed dairy goat. Sixteen Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats were allotted according to completely randomized block design. The goats were distributed into 4 blocks according to the initial milk production and 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of basal ration consisted of 20% odot grass and 80% concentrate (T1), and ration consisted of 20% odot grass and 70% concentrate supplemented with 10% linseed (T2), 10% linseed protected with 10 g/kg formaldehyde (T3), or 10% linseed protected with 34 g/kg cinnamaldehyde (T4). The results showed that linseed supplementation had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production and quality including milk fat and protein content. The ratio of milk production and protein consumption was not affected by the treatment. It is concluded that linseed supplementation in the ration of lactating Ettawa Crossbreed dairy goats ration had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production and quality.