bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Community Treatment Order in Patients with a First Episode of Psychosis: A Mirror-Image Study
Authors: Levy Emmanuelle , Mustafa Sally , Naveed Kanza , Joober Ridha 
Published: August 2018

Objective: Poor adherence to antipsychotic medications is strongly associated with psychotic relapses and hospitalizations. This may hinder patients’ ability to function, particularly in a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Poor adherence to treatment may be due to poor insight that can alter the capacity to consent to care, including pharmacotherapy. When patients are judged legally lacking the capacity to consent to care, treatment can be mandated through community treatment orders (CTOs). This naturalistic study examines the effects of CTOs in FEP patients. Method: This study examines 38 FEP patients legally deemed unable to consent to care during their follow-up. Using a naturalistic mirror-image approach, we compare clinical (Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms [SAPS], Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms [SANS]), functional (Global Assessment of Functioning Scale [GAF], Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale [SOFAS]), and service use (number of emergency room visits, length of hospitalizations) indicators before and after CTO. Results: After the CTO, 37 of 38 patients complied with treatment. Statistically significant improvements in clinical (▵SAPS = –6.3; 95% CI, 4.5 to 8.1 and ▵SANS = –2.2; 95% CI, 0.9 to 3.4, P < 0.01) and functional (▵GAF = +15.0; 95% CI, 8.4 to 21.6, ▵SOFAS = +18.6; 95% CI, 12.8 to 24.4, P < 0.01) outcomes were observed. Significant reduction in emergency room visits ( P = 0.016) and days of hospitalization per month in acute care units ( P < 0.05) were identified with no difference in hospital days per month in short-stay units. Moreover, encounters with case managers ( P = 0.008) and attendance of cognitive therapy sessions ( P = 0.031) were significantly higher. However, patients’ weight significantly increased after CTO (▵weight = +8.0 kg, P < 0.01). Conclusions: In FEP patients, CTOs improve compliance to treatment, which contributes to reducing positive and negative symptoms, shortening hospital stays, and improving functioning.
Sovereignty and Submission: Luther’s Political Theology and the Violence of Christian Metaphysics
Authors: Mjaaland Marius Timmann 
Published: August 2018

The classical controversy between Carl Schmitt and Eric Peterson goes directly to the heart of the matter: What is ‘political theology’ about? Is it a descriptive or normative endeavour, oriented towards history or political influence on contemporary issues? This article explores these questions with reference to Protestant theology, in particular the writings of Martin Luther. Protestant theology has often emphasised the basic difference between the spiritual and political spheres, but I question the validity of this distinction with respect to Luther’s theology. When Luther enters the political scene, an apocalyptic understanding of friend and enemy tends to dominate his thinking. Furthermore, I discuss whether this is compatible with his metaphysical understanding of the ‘hidden God’ in his majesty, and hence, whether a metaphysical violence is deeply embedded in Luther’s theology, possibly even his understanding of ‘justification by faith’. Finally, I suggest a reconsideration of Luther’s political theology based on the questions raised by Schmitt and Peterson.
Cooperativeness – A necessary trait for interpreters? A study on temperament and character dimensions of experts in different fields
Authors: Hiltunen Sinikka , Mäntyranta Heli , Määttänen Ilmari 
Published: August 2018

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether particular temperament and personality traits are more characteristic to interpreters’ expert performance than to expert performance in other fields. Design: To these ends, the Temperament and Character Inventory by Cloninger et al. (1994) and the distractibility scale of the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey by Windle (1992) were used. Data and Analyses: The data was gathered from two groups of interpreters (simultaneous and consecutive) and was compared to one group of foreign language teachers and one of non-linguistic experts from different fields of society. The group size varied between 20 and 23 participants each. The analyses were carried out with multivariate analysis of variance, supplemented with Bonferroni corrected contrasts. Findings: The results seem to indicate that temperament and character traits may have different impacts on different expert groups. In this study, in comparison to the control groups of foreign language teachers and non-linguistic experts, high cooperativeness was found to be more characteristic to simultaneous and consecutive interpreters. Cooperativeness also appears to be valued by recruiters and trainers of interpreters, for instance. Originality: The study was the first one comparing interpreters’ temperament and character dimensions with those of other expert groups, such as foreign language teachers and non-linguistic experts. Significance and Limitations: Among the different temperament and personality traits, at least cooperativeness seems to have a connection to the abilities and skills needed in the profession of an interpreter. More research, however, is needed to reveal possible connections of various temperament and personality traits with expertise in different fields. In this particular case, additional studies could show whether individuals with high cooperativeness become more easily interested in such professions as interpreting, or whether the high cooperativeness is a result of more experience and expertise in interpreting.
Symptomatic Iliofemoral and Iliocaval Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Cancer: Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Rabellino Martin , Moltini Pedro , Di Caro Vanesa , García-Mónaco Ricardo 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Proximal (iliocaval and iliofemoral) deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism are the second cause of death in patients with cancer. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 35 patients with cancer treated with endovascular therapy for proximal DVT. The primary objective was to evaluate the technical success of the procedure and the 30-day and long-term symptom improvement. Results: Thirty-five patients with a mean age of 57.7 years were treated. In 27 patients, DVT was due to tumor compression and/or invasion of the iliocaval venous axis, and in the remaining 8, it was secondary to their hypercoagulability state. The revascularization techniques used were manual catheter-directed aspiration of the thrombus plus angioplasty and stenting. Technical success was achieved in 33 patients. No complications occurred. Twenty-seven patients were followed up at 30 days posttreatment: 21 were free of postthrombotic syndrome, 4 (14.8%) had mild symptoms, and 2 (7.4%) had moderate symptoms. The mean long-term follow-up was 27.3 months, with a primary patency of 68.8% and assisted and secondary patency rates of 100%. Conclusion: Endovascular revascularization in patients with cancer with extensive and symptomatic proximal DVT is safe and efficient, with a low rate of complications. We consider that this therapy should be offered to patients with cancer with an average or long life expectancy.
Modeling and Staging of Osteoarthritis Progression Using Serial CT Imaging and Arthroscopy
Authors: Flynn Candace , Hurtig Mark , Lamoure Emma , Cummins Erin , Roati Valeria , Lowerison Mark , Jeong Sang Young , Oh Wonil , Zur Linden Alex 
Published: August 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to describe in life methods by which osteoarthritis can be staged in order to time therapeutic interventions that are relevant to osteoarthritis (OA) clinical trials Methods Twenty-two sheep underwent arthroscopic meniscal destabilization to induce OA. Serial computed tomography (CT) imaging and arthroscopy were used to monitor osteoarthritis progression at 3-month intervals over 9 months. Eleven sheep received 1 intra-articular injection of hyaluronate 3 months after OA induction and another group of 11 received saline. A linear mixed model was used to define the trajectory of shape change in the medial joint compartment. Ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate the association between morphological changes and sclerosis. Results Three months after meniscal destabilization there were early bipolar chondral lesions in the medial compartment of the knee, as well as osteophytes and bone remodeling. Superficial fissures and cartilage cracks progressed to discrete areas of cartilage thinning and fibrillation on the medial tibial plateau by 6 months that became cartilage erosions by nine months. A linear mixed effect model demonstrated significant change in medial compartment length and width with over time ( P < 0.05) for both groups. A significant association between severity of sclerosis and medial compartment morphology was also observed. Conclusions The induction of osteoarthritic lesions with meniscal release model can be followed using noninvasive and minimally invasive procedures allowing for real-time decisions about redosing therapies, or other changes such as extending trial timelines without sacrificing animals to conduct assessments.
EndoART: A proposed randomized controlled trial on endometriomas in assisted reproductive technologies, comparing the effect of no intervention, surgery, and prolonged GnRH downregulation on pregnancy rates
Authors: Tomassetti Carla , Adamson David , Arici Aydin , Canis Michel , Hompes Peter , Hummelshoj Lone , Mol Ben-Willem , Nardo Luciano , Rombauts Luk , D’Hooghe Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Background: Clinical management of endometriomas, prior to starting treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), has since long been a matter of debate. Whereas cystectomy has been advocated in the past, recently more evidence has emerged on the potential negative effect of surgery on ovarian reserve. Parallel to this, prolonged downregulation with GnRH-a (gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists) has been described to improve ART pregnancy rates in women with endometriosis. However, none of these strategies have been assessed in a large randomized controlled trial. The aim of the EndoART study is to assess whether ovarian surgery or prolonged GnRH-a downregulation result in higher pregnancy rates after ART compared to no intervention in women with endometrioma(s). Methods/design: A parallel randomized multi-center trial has been designed to compare ART pregnancy rates in three different treatment groups: no intervention, ovarian surgery, and prolonged hormonal suppression by GnRH-a prior to ART. The primary outcome measure studied is the clinical pregnancy rate with fetal heart-beat within 6 months after initiation of a fresh ART cycle. Secondary outcome measures studied include live birth rate after one initiated fresh ART cycle, cumulative clinical pregnancy rate with fetal heart-beat and live birth rates (after one fully completed ART cycle: initiated fresh + eventual associated frozen embryo transfer cycles), ART–specific data (e.g. number of oocytes, number of good quality embryos), complications, pelvic pain, and quality of life. Conclusion: This trial may answer the most frequently asked questions by both women with endometriosis and physicians: how do you treat endometrioma in women prior to treatment with ART?
Relating volatiles analysis by GC–MS to Oddy test performance for determining the suitability of museum construction materials
Authors: Samide Michael J. , Liggett Mary C. , Mill Jericha , Smith Gregory D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Conservators’ decisions regarding the suitability of museum construction materials for use in proximity to artworks still rely heavily on accelerated corrosion tests like the Oddy test despite widespread criticisms. These issues include inconveniently long wait times, sensitivity to only those pollutants capable of tarnishing metals, a general sense of unreliability, exaggerated environmental conditions, and subjectivity in assessing the test’s results. Increasingly, alternative strategies that use instrumental approaches involving volatiles sampling coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) are being explored as faster, more comprehensive, potentially quantitative, and possible more ‘objective’ means of assessing the dangers of off-gassing from museum construction materials. While many of these characteristics are now well documented, the objectivity of the instrumental result is arguable. While the detection of volatiles and semi-volatiles by GC–MS can confidently yield a list of potential pollutants, “chemical intuition” must be used to predict whether many of the emitted compounds can in fact adversely affect artwork. In this study, evolved gas analysis (EGA) coupled to GC–MS is used to predict the suitability of a small sample set of plastics for use in a museum. The potential impact of volatiles observed in the EGA chromatogram was assessed using chemical reactivity principles and the sparse literature data on the material damages caused by a small group of known pollutants. These same plastics were then tested using the British Museum’s 3-in-1 Oddy test. The prediction based on an educated chemical assessment of the compounds identified through instrumental analysis shows good correlation with pooled results from the Oddy test. In one of the two instances of disagreement, the EGA analysis was actually overly conservative and leaned toward prohibiting or restricting a material that passed the Oddy test. In the other, a material that failed the Oddy test but was passed by instrumental analysis was later shown to contain VOCs that could be considered corrosive. This trial suggests that with practice and experience instrumental approaches may be useful to supplement and perhaps one day supplant traditional accelerated corrosion testing of museum construction materials.
Cost Containment and Mental Health Outcomes: Experiences from US Studies
Authors: Wells Kenneth B. 
Published: August 2018

Background. Cost containment mechanisms, such as prepayment, are being considered or implemented in the US and elsewhere, but there have been few studies of the effects of such mechanisms on quality or outcomes of care for individuals with serious psychiatric disorders.Method. Key results from US studies on cost containment and their implications are reviewed.Results. Cost savings in out-patient mental health care can be achieved through increasing the share of costs paid by the covered individual or through prepayment, but individuals with the greatest psychological distress or poor people may achieve worse outcomes under greater cost containment. Quality of care may be poorer under some forms of prepayment than under fee-for-service care, yet a national prospective payment mechanism for depressed elderly in-patients was not associated with a marked drop in quality or outcomes of care among those admitted.Conclusions. Prepayment, relative to fee-for-service is not always associated with lower outcomes or quality of care for affective disorders. Under cost containment, quality and outcomes of care, especially for the sick poor, should be monitored to identify adverse consequences.
Costs and Benefits of Hospital and Day Treatment with Community Care of Affective and Schizophrenic Disorders
Authors: Wiersma D. , Kluiter H. , Nienhuis F. J. , Rüphan M. , Giel R. 
Published: August 2018

Background. A randomised controlled trial of day treatment with community care for patients with schizophrenic and affective disorders, referred for in-patient psychiatric treatment, was conducted to evaluate patterns of treatment and the course of illness with its psychosocial consequences over a period of two years.Method. Seventy patients, of whom 34 had affective and 36 had schizophrenic disorder, were assigned to the experimental condition (day treatment with ambulatory and domiciliary care), and 33 patients, of whom 16 had affective and 17 had schizophrenic disorder, were assigned to the control condition of standard clinical care.Results. Day treatment with community care was feasible for 40.6% of the affective patients and 33.3% of the schizophrenic patients. The direct treatment costs of both disorders, based on numbers of in- and day-patient days and out-patient contacts over two years, appeared more or less the same. Patients benefited equally from day treatment as from in-patient treatment, although there were some gains in self-care and in functioning in the household among experimentals. Although schizophrenics were socioeconomically worse off, and also suffered from more (severe) symptoms and social disabilities than the affective patients at entry into the study, they were similar at two years. This finding is unexpected, compared with other follow-up studies. Extra cost for patients and families were not observed. Patients and their families in the experimental condition were significantly more satisfied with the treatment. Experimental patients spent much more time at home during admission, remained much less time in secluded wards, and were more compliant with treatment.Conclusions. Day treatment could be considered a cost-effective alternative to in-patient treatment.
Systematic review of the outcome of anxiety and depressive disorders
Authors: Emmanuel J. , Simmonds S. , Tyrer P. 
Published: August 2018

Background Although there have been many changes in the diagnosis of anxiety and depressive disorders in the past 20 years there have been few comparative enquiries into the clinical outcome of greater diagnostic categories. We therefore compared the outcome of all studies which compared the outcome of specific anxiety and depressive disorders using the standard procedures of systematic review.Method A Medline search was carried out of all studies comparing the outcome of anxiety and depressive disorders or mixed anxiety-depressive disorders in which information was available separately for each disorder.Results Eight studies satisfied the search criteria (all involving a period of observation of two years or greater); only one of these included randomisation of treatment and comparison between specific anxiety disorder outcome. There was a somewhat better outcome in patients with depressive disorders compared with anxiety ones, and strong evidence that both anxiety and depressive disorders singly had better outcomes than comorbid mixed disorders.Conclusion Comorbid anxiety-depressive disorders have a poor outcome compared with single anxiety and depressive disorders, and there is some evidence that anxiety disorders have a worse outcome than depressive ones.
The Prophylactic Efficacy of Fluoxetine in Unipolar Depression
Authors: Montgomery S. A. , Dufour H. , Brion S. , Gailledreau J. , Laqueille X. , Ferrey G. , Moron P. , Parant-Lucena N. , Singer L. , Danion J. M. , Beuzen J. N. , Pierredon M. A. 
Published: August 2018

The efficacy of antidepressants is measured primarily by their ability to treat the acute symptoms of depression yet the underlying process may take longer to resolve. A period of emotional frailty follows resolution of the acute stage, during which the patient, although apparently symptom-free, is prone to suffer relapse of the original symptoms. Antidepressants should not be stopped immediately a response is observed, but should be given for a longer period to prevent early relapse. In those suffering from recurrent depression, long-term treatment may prevent later recurrences of new episodes of depression.The distinction between relapse of old symptoms and recurrence of new episodes is of particular importance, both in assessing efficacy of antidepressants during the continuation phase of acute treatment and in the separate assessment of their prophylactic efficacy. Unfortunately, though, many investigations have failed to distinguish between these two distinct phenomena. Klerman & Paykel (1970) emphasised the need to distinguish between early return of depressive symptoms, which they label ‘relapses’, from the later new episodes which they term ‘recurrence’. However, there has been a general lack of systematic investigation of this question, as well as a failure to use sufficiently precise methodology to distinguish between relapse and recurrence. Some studies which purported to be of prophylaxis were in effect only examining the continuation phase of acute treatment.
An Overview of Fluoxetine in Geriatric Depression
Authors: Feighner John P. , Boyer William F. , Meredith Charles H. , Hendrickson Gordon 
Published: August 2018

During the past 75 years, the proportion of elderly individuals in the USA has grown twice as fast as the general population. Depression in this age-group occurs four times more frequently than in the general population (Butler, 1975), and the suicide rate for people over 65 years of age is 15 times greater than that of the general population (Lehman, 1980).The elderly may be more susceptible to depression due to biological and/or psychosocial variables. Elderly people experience significant losses associated with increasing age, including death of spouse and friends, loss of work, social status, and physical and mental abilities (Lehman, 1980). The biogenic amine hypothesis suggests that the aging brain may experience a decrease in the functional availability of neurotransmitters (Lehman, 1980); this decrease may also play a role in the aetiology of depression.Due to age-related changes in the body, the elderly can be more sensitive to drug therapy. Older patients may require careful dosage adjustments and may also be more prone to experiencing drug-related adverse events. The elderly often receive medication for various indications, and drug interactions are a concern (Thompson et al, 1983). Therefore, efficacy and safety studies of new antidepressants in elderly patients are particularly important. We pooled data from both double-blind and open-label studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluoxetine in geriatric outpatients with DSM-III major depression. Positive results of fluoxetine in the treatment of geriatric depression were reported in one of these studies (Feighner & Cohn, 1985). The favourable safety and side-effect profile of fluoxetine in the general population has been discussed elsewhere (Wernicke, 1985). Plasma concentrations of fluoxetine in elderly subjects are similar to those in younger individuals (I.emberger et al, 1985). These findings, combined with a lack of cardiovascular effects (Fisch, 1985), and low lethality with overdose, indicated promise for fluoxetine as a geriatric antidepressant.
Early intervention for schizophrenic disorders
Authors: Falloon Ian R. H. , Coverdale John H. , Laidlaw Tannis M. , Merry Sally , Kydd Robert R. , Morosini Pierluigi ,   THE OTP COLLABORATIVE GROUP
Published: August 2018

Background Early detection and intervention in schizophrenic disorders is an important challenge for psychiatry.Method Review of literature on effective biomedical and psychosocial intervention strategies.Results Comprehensive programmes of drug and psychosocial interventions with adults who show early signs and symptoms of schizophrenic disorders may contribute to a lower incidence and prevalence of major episodes of schizophrenia. These programmes combine early detection of psychotic features by primary care services, with close liaison with mental health professionals. Long-term monitoring of signs of recurrence, with further intervention, appears essential to maintain these benefits.Conclusions Field trials demonstrate that effective early treatment strategies can be routinely applied in clinical practice.