bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connectivity and zebra mussel invasion offer short‐term buffering of eutrophication impacts on floodplain lake landscape biodiversity
Authors: Salgado Jorge , Sayer Carl D. , Brooks Stephen J. , Davidson Thomas A. , Baker Ambroise G. , Willby Nigel , Patmore Ian R. , Goldsmith Ben , Bennion Helen , Okamura Beth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate if connectivity and zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) occurrence can mitigate effects of eutrophication in a lowland lake landscape.LocationUpper Lough Erne, Northern Ireland, UK.MethodsData on environment, macrophytes and invertebrates were assembled for three basins of a large central lake and its satellite floodplain lakes via field surveys and palaeolimnological analyses. Space–time interaction analyses of palaeoecological data were compared pre‐1950 and post‐1950. Multivariate analyses examined how connectivity, environment and zebra mussels influenced contemporary lake communities, and explain their divergence from historical communities in the past.ResultsPre‐1950, we found high community variation across sites and low within‐lake variation in macrophytes, but progressive eutrophication accentuated within‐lake community variation after 1950. Partitioning analysis showed larger effects of connectivity than nutrient enrichment on contemporary macrophyte composition, while local effects structured invertebrate communities. Three clusters of lakes were revealed according to variation in macrophyte composition, isolation from the central lake and nutrient enrichment: Group 1– the central lake and six nearby lakes were meso‐eutrophic (TP = 66.7 ± 47.6 μg/L; TN = 0.79 ± 0.41 mg/L) and had the highest zebra mussel abundances and organismal biodiversity; Group 2– Eight eutrophic (TP = 112±36.6 μg/L; TN = 1.25 ± 0.5 mg/L) and connected lakes; Group 3– Seven isolated and hypertrophic (TP = 163.2 ± 101.5 μg/L; TN = 1.55 ± 0.3 mg/L) lakes. Pre‐1950 palaeolimnological data for macrophytes and invertebrates for 5 lakes and a basin in the central lake most resembled extant lake communities of Group 1. However, palaeo‐records revealed that macrophytes and invertebrates subsequently converged towards those of Groups 2 and 3.Main conclusionsOur study reveals that the central “mother” lake acts as a hub for preserving biodiversity via shared hydrological connectivity with satellite lakes and high zebra mussel abundances. These may buffer the impoverishing effects of eutrophication and sustain unexpectedly high biodiversity in the short term. Such protective buffering, however, cannot be relied upon indefinitely to conserve biodiversity.
Digital mapping of buried soil horizons using 2D and pseudo‐3D geoelectrical measurements in a ground moraine landscape
Authors: van der Kroef Ilona , Koszinski Sylvia , Grinat Michael , van der Meij Marijn , Hierold Wilfried , Südekum Wolfgang , Sommer Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe identification of buried soil horizons in agricultural landscapes helps to quantify sediment budgets and erosion‐related carbon dynamics. High‐resolution mapping of buried horizons using conventional soil surveys is destructive and time consuming. Geoelectrical sensors can offer a fast and non‐destructive alternative for determining horizon positions and properties. In this paper, we compare the suitability of several geoelectrical methods for measuring the depth to buried horizons (Apb, Ahb and Hab) in the hummocky ground moraine landscape of northeastern Germany. Soil profile descriptions were developed for 269 locations within a 6‐ha experimental field “CarboZALF‐D”. A stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) estimated the lateral position of the buried horizons using electromagnetic induction data and terrain attributes. To predict the depth of a buried horizon, multiple linear regression (MLR) was used for both a 120‐m transect and a 0.2‐ha pseudo‐three‐dimensional (3D) area. At these scales, apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), electrical resistivity (ER) and terrain attributes were used as independent variables. The LDA accurately predicted Apb‐ and Ahb‐horizons (a correct classification of 93%). The LDA of the Hab‐horizon had a misclassification of 24%, which was probably related to the smaller test set and the higher depth of this horizon. The MLR predicted the depth of the Apb‐, Ahb‐ and Hab‐horizons with relative root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 7, 3 and 13%, respectively, in the pseudo‐3D area. MLR had a lower accuracy for the 2D transect compared to the pseudo‐3D area. Overall, the use of LDA and MLR has been an efficient methodological approach for predicting buried horizon positions.Highlights

The suitability of geoelectrical measurements for digital modelling of diagnostic buried soil horizons was determined.
LDA and MLR were used to detect multiple horizons with geoelectrical devices and terrain attributes.
Geoelectrical variables were significant predictors of the position of the target soil horizons.
The use of these tested digital technologies gives an opportunity to develop high‐resolution soil mapping procedures.
Improving soil aggregation, aggregate‐associated C and N, and enzyme activities by green manure crops in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Dabin Zhang , Zhiyuan Yao , Jiao Chen , Pengwei Yao , Na Zhao , Wenxiang He , Yangyang Li , Suiqi Zhang , Bingnian Zhai , Zhaohui Wang , Donglin Huang , Weidong Cao , Yajun Gao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGreen manure and fertilization practices have substantial impacts on soil chemical and biological properties over time. A field experiment was conducted on Cumulic Haplustoll to investigate the effects of leguminous green manure (LGM) crops and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on dry‐stable soil aggregate distributions and stability, the concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and N in the bulk soil and separated aggregate fractions, and soil enzyme activities in dry croplands on the Loess Plateau of China. Species tested as LGM crops were Huai bean (Glycine ussuriensis Regel et Maack.), soybean (G. max (L.) Merr.) and mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.). Two rates of N fertilizer (0 and 162 kg N ha−1) applied to winter wheat sown after LGM was incorporated into surface soil. Results showed that the inclusion of LGM crops for 6 years significantly increased the total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC), aggregate‐associated N and OC concentrations, enhanced the values of aggregate content with >0.25 mm size (R0.25) and mean weight diameter (MWD), and boosted soil enzyme (invertase, urease, dehydrogenase and aryl‐sulfatase) activities at the 0–20‐cm depth compared to the bare fallow system under dryland conditions. The long‐term application of N fertilizer substantially increased the proportion of macroaggregates (>5.0 mm), MWD and N contents in the 0.25–5‐mm size aggregates, and promoted the relative activities of invertase, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and aryl‐sulphatase, but decreased the urease activity. The correlations among macroaggregate fractions and soil chemical properties, aggregate stability and enzyme activities were significant and positive; however, the correlations between small aggregate fractions (<2 mm) and corresponding parameters were negative, or there were no correlations. Overall, combining green manuring practices with suitable N fertilizer application should be recommended to improve the soil quality in dryland regions similar to the Loess Plateau of China.Highlights

Green manure crops significantly increased soil enzyme activities, SOC and total N contents.
Green manure crops increased macroaggregate (>5 mm) formation and stability.
Application of N fertilizer significantly increased the proportions and stability of macroaggregates.
Green manure crops along with N fertilizer helped to build better soil quality in a dry loess cropland.
Target setting with minimum improving costs in data envelopment analysis: A mixed integer linear programming approach
Authors: Ang Sheng , An Qingxian , Yang Feng , Ji Xiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study addresses a problem called cost‐minimizing target setting in data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology. The problem is how to make an inefficient decision‐making unit efficient by allocating to it as few organizational resources as possible, assuming that the marginal costs of reducing inputs or increasing outputs are known and available, which is different from previous furthest and closest DEA targets setting methods. In this study, an existed cost minimizing target setting heuristics approach based on input‐oriented model is examined to show that there exist some limitations. This study develops a simple mixed integer linear programming to determine the desired targets on the strongly efficient frontier based on non‐oriented DEA model considering the situation in the presence of known marginal costs of reducing inputs and increasing outputs simultaneously. Some experiments with the simulated datasets are conducted, and results show that the proposed model can obtain more accurate projections with lower costs compared with those from furthest and closest target setting approaches. Besides, the proposed model can be realistic and efficient in solving cost‐minimizing target setting problem.
Biological traits, phylogeny and human footprint signatures on the geographical range size of passerines (OrderPasseriformes) worldwide
Authors: Olalla‐Tárraga Miguel Á. , Amado Talita Ferreira , Bini Luis Mauricio , Martínez Pablo A. , Morales‐Castilla Ignacio , Torres‐Romero Erik Joaquin , Villalobos Fabricio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimMany hypotheses exist to explain the astonishing variation in geographical range size across species, but these have rarely been tested under a unifying framework that simultaneously considers direct and indirect effects of ecological niche processes and evolutionary dynamics. Here, we jointly evaluate ecological and evolutionary hypotheses that might account for global interspecific patterns of range size in the most species‐rich avian order: Passeriformes (perching birds).LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedOrder Passeriformes.MethodsWe used phylogenetic path analysis to test for the relationship between eight variables and range size. Our list of predictors included a set of niche‐related variables (both Grinellian and Eltonian), species‐specific morphological and life‐history traits (body size, dispersal ability and fertility), extrinsic (human footprint) and evolutionary factors (time since divergence from the closest extant relative).ResultsWe found that Grinellian (climatic) and Eltonian (trophic) niche breadth are crucial to account for the observed patterns, followed by reproductive effort (as measured by clutch size). We also found a negative relationship between native range size and human footprint. The significant and positive relationship between niche breadth, either Grinnellian or Eltonian, and range size was consistent across all species, irrespective of their migratory/resident status or taxonomic grouping (Passeri versus Tyranni).Main conclusionsGlobally, the range sizes of passerine species are associated with the Grinellian niche, meaning that species with broader environmental tolerances exhibit larger geographical ranges. These findings give further empirical support to the positive niche breadth–range size relationship as a general pattern in ecology.
The Place of Growth in the Theology of Karl Barth
Authors: Bartholomaeus Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is often wondered whether Karl Barth’s doctrine of sanctification preserves space for a sufficient account of growth in the Christian life. Such concerns arise, at least in part, from Barth’s radical claim that the sanctification of all humanity is totally and effectively established in Jesus Christ, a claim that appears to exclude more familiar notions of cumulative regeneration. This essay seeks to complement other responses to this critique by delving into Barth’s most explicit discussion of growth in Church Dogmatics: §67.2 ‘The Growth of the Community’. A close reading of this subsection will demonstrate that Barth can happily employ the language of growth albeit interpreted in light of his understanding of the Christian life as an ongoing encounter with Jesus Christ.
Cappadocian or Augustinian? Adjudicating Debates on Gender in the Resurrection
Authors: do Vale Fellipe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhen the Apostle Paul inquired about the kind of body with which the dead will be raised (1 Cor. 15:35), he provided warrant for theological speculation with respect to the particulars of the resurrected body. A divergence of views about gender in the resurrection arose as early as the fourth century, with Gregory of Nyssa denying the existence of gender in the eschaton and Augustine of Hippo affirming it. In this article, I adjudicate this debate and its recent retrievals by arguing for the Augustinian position on the grounds that it best coheres with the nature of eschatological justice.
Justified ex nihilo: Retrieving Creation for Theological Anthropology with Luther and Bonhoeffer
Authors: Verhagen Koert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article seeks to articulate a framework for theological anthropology that takes seriously the doctrine of creation, while also remaining christologically grounded and soteriologically informed. Toward this end, I will look briefly at how Martin Luther understands the relationship between justification, anthropology and creation, before turning to the way in which Dietrich Bonhoeffer picks up on Luther’s tripartite, justification‐based definition of the human being. In doing so, Bonhoeffer will help to clarify the essential role that creation plays in grounding and orienting a theological anthropology which seeks to take seriously the soteriological realities of sin and reconciliation.
Fabrication of highly dense three‐layer SiC cladding tube by chemical vapor infiltration method
Authors: Tao Pengfei , Wang Yiguang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThree‐layer silicon carbide (SiC) cladding architectures are considered to be promising materials for current light‐water nuclear reactors. Herein, a novel processing approach was proposed to fabricate dense three‐layer SiC tubes by introducing SiC nanowires (NWs) on the graphite rod, which resulted in change in the valley‐peak structure of SiCf tubular preform. A dense three‐layer‐NWs SiC cladding tube, consisting of a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI)‐SiC inner layer, a CVI‐SiCf/SiC composite layer, and a CVI‐SiC outer layer, was obtained through CVI process. Microstructure and hoop strength of the as‐obtained three‐layer‐NWs SiC cladding tube were systematically investigated. By avoiding delamination of the layers and reducing the pores, the three‐layer‐NWs SiC cladding tube exhibited an average hoop strength of 316.6 MPa with a Weibull modulus of 11.55.
Shared decision making: A dual‐layer model to tackling multimorbidity in primary care
Authors: Ng Chirk Jenn , Lee Yew Kong , Abdullah Adina , Abu Bakar Ahmad Ihsan , Tun Firzara Abdul Malik , Tiew Han Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is common for primary care providers (PCPs) to manage complex multimorbidity. When caring for patients with multimorbidity, PCPs face challenges to tackle several issues within a short consultation in order to address patients' complex needs. Furthermore, some PCPs may lack access to a multidisciplinary team and need to manage multimorbidity within the confine of a PCP‐patient partnership only. Instead of attempting to address multiple health issues within a single consultation, it would be more feasible and time effective for PCPs and patients to jointly prioritize the health issue to focus on. Using the Malaysian primary care setting as a case study, a dual‐layer‐shared decision‐making approach is proposed whereby PCPs and patients make decisions on which disease(s) (layer 1) and treatment(s) (layer 2) to prioritize. This dual‐layer model aims to address the challenges of short consultation time and limited healthcare resources by encouraging PCPs and patients to discuss, negotiate, and agree on the decision during the consultation to ensure patients' health needs are addressed.
Employment in the Great Recession: How Important Were Household Credit Supply Shocks?
Authors: GARCÍA DANIEL 
Published: May 2019

AbstractI pool data from all large multimarket lenders in the United States to estimate how many of the over 7 million jobs lost in the Great Recession can be explained by reductions in the supply of mortgage credit. I construct a mortgage credit supply instrument at the county level, the weighted average (by prerecession mortgage market shares) of liquidity‐driven lender shocks during the recession. The reduction in mortgage supply explains about 15% of the employment decline. The job losses are concentrated in construction and finance.
Family‐centred care of children and young people in the acute hospital setting: A concept analysis
Authors: O'Connor Siobhán , Brenner Maria , Coyne Imelda 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo provide an operational definition of family‐centred care as it applies to hospitalised children. The objective was to provide clarification of the concept by comprehensively analysing the evidence.BackgroundTerms associated with family‐centred care include partnership‐in‐care, negotiated care, parental participation/involvement in care, care‐by‐parent and child‐centred care. The absence of a universally accepted definition contributes to its inconsistent implementation.Design and MethodsConcept analysis is acknowledged as a form of inquiry to develop the knowledge base of nursing. Rodgers' evolutionary approach to concept analysis was used as a guiding framework. The systematic literature search yielded 30 theoretical papers; the results are outlined on a PRISMA flow diagram.ResultsSurrogate terms identified include partnership‐in‐care, negotiated care and parent participation. Parental participation in care, the development of respectful and trusting partnerships, information sharing and all family members as care recipients were identified as attributes to family‐centred care. There is limited evidence that family‐centred care enhances the child's, parents' and families' experience of hospitalisation and is associated with reduced anxiety for parents.ConclusionThere is a lack of attention to cultural and societal changes, which impact on those receiving and delivering care. While we know that family‐centred care is widely endorsed and enhances well‐being, there is a lack of empirical evidence about the impact on health outcomes for children. While children's nurses have been applying some elements of family‐centred care to their clinical practice for decades, the concept continues to evolve.Relevance to clinical practiceFurther research examining the effects of family‐centred care for children, their families, healthcare professionals and healthcare organisations reflecting cultural diversity and norms must be conducted. This research should include the effects of family‐centred care on parents caring for their child in hospital, how family‐centred care supports parents to make healthcare decisions and the outcomes of family‐centred care for children and families.
Obstetrical outcomes after first‐trimester chorionic villus sampling in twin pregnancies: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Kim Mi S. , Ahn Eunhee , Lee Soo B. , Moon Myoung J. , Kang Sukho 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimPrenatal diagnostic testing by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is sometimes recommended for women with twin pregnancies. However, few studies have compared the outcomes between twins with CVS and control twins without intervention. This study aimed to compare the obstetrical outcomes of CVS in twin pregnancies and those in non‐intervention twin pregnancies.MethodsFirst‐trimester transabdominal CVS was performed on dichorionic‐diamniotic twins (n = 54; Group 1) between December 2006 and January 2017 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at our hospital, and the data were retrospectively analyzed. CVS risks were evaluated by comparing obstetrical outcomes with those of a control population of 155 dichorionic‐diamniotic twins without intervention (Group 2).ResultsThe difference in the overall fetal loss rate (Group 1, 7.4% vs Group 2, 3.9%; P = 0.287) between the two groups was not statistically significant. The miscarriage rate, defined as delivery at <24 gestational weeks, and early preterm delivery, defined as delivery at <34 gestational weeks, were not significant between the groups (miscarriage: Group 1, 5.6% vs Group 2, 3.2%; P = 0.428; early preterm delivery: Group 1, 11.1% vs Group 2, 9.0%; P = 0.788). The mean gestational age at delivery, birth weights and neonatal intensive care unit admission rate were not statistically significant between the groups. Thus, the overall fetal loss rate and obstetrical outcomes of Group 1 were comparable with those of Group 2.ConclusionIn conclusion, the overall obstetrical outcomes were not significantly different between twins with CVS and control twins with the advantage of enabling early decision‐making about selective feticide in twins with CVS.
Arms races with mitochondrial genome soft sweeps in a gynodioecious plant, Plantago lanceolata
Authors: Bergero Roberta , Levsen Nick , Wolff Kirsten , Charlesworth Deborah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiological situations involving conflict can create arms race situations with repeated fixations of different functional variants, producing selective sweeps and lowering neutral diversity in genome regions linked to the functional locus. However, they can sometimes lead to balancing selection, potentially creating long coalescent times for sites with functionally different variants, and, if recombination occurs rarely, for extended haplotypes carrying such variants. We tested between these possibilities in a gynodioecious plant, Plantago lanceolata, in which cytoplasmic male‐sterility factors conflict with nuclear restorers of male fertility. We find low mitochondrial diversity, which does not support very long‐term coexistence of highly diverged mitochondrial haplotypes. Interestingly, however, we found a derived haplotype that is associated with male fertility in a restricted geographic region, and that has fixed differences from the ancestral sequence in several genes, suggesting that it did not arise very recently. Taken together, the results suggest arms race events that involved “soft" selective sweeps involving a moderately old‐established haplotype, consistent with the frequency fluctuations predicted by theoretical models of gynodioecy.
Making every calorie count
Authors: Buttriss J. L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe live in a world where people are living longer and overweight and obesity are widespread, linked with a calorie intake in excess of the requirements of a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity is known to increase the chance of developing type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. But is achieving energy balance the only challenge we face or is the scenario more complex? Evidence from dietary surveys indicates that calories should not be considered in isolation because poor diets are widespread, even in countries such as the UK. The National Diet and Nutrition Survey provides evidence of relatively low intakes of a number of essential vitamins and minerals among UK teenagers and young adults, in particular, and low intakes of fibre in all age groups, associated with low intakes of wholegrain foods, vegetables, fruit and pulses. Despite widespread familiarity with the 5 A DAY message, only 27% of adults eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day and, on average, teenagers have particularly low intakes. The poor quality of many diets in Britain has been brought into sharp focus by publication of time trend data showing that micronutrient intakes have worsened over the past decade. However, going forward, dietary recommendations need to be considered in the context of delivering a global food supply that is both nutritious and also environmentally sustainable, and takes into account other factors such as equitable access, affordability and acceptability.