bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weyl Anomaly and Vacuum Magnetization Current of M5‐brane in Background Flux
Authors: Chu Chong‐Sun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt was recently discovered that for a boundary system in the presence of a background magnetic field, the quantum fluctuation of the vacuum would create a non‐uniform magnetization density for the vacuum and a magnetization current is induced in the vacuum. It was also shown that this ‘magnetic Casimir effect’ of the vacuum is closely related to another quantum effect of the vacuum, the Weyl anomaly. Furthermore, the phenomena can be understood in terms of the holography of the boundary system. In this article, we review the derivation of this phenomena from QFT as well as the derivation of it using AdS/BCFT. We then generalize this four dimensional effect to six‐dimensions. We use the AdS/BCFT holography to show that in the presence of a 3‐form magnetic field strength H, a string current is induced in a six‐dimensional boundary conformal field theory. This allows us to determine the gauge field contribution to the Weyl anomaly in six‐dimensional conformal field theory in a H‐flux background. For the (2,0) superconformal field theory of N M5‐branes, the current has a magnitude proportional to N3 for large N. This suggests that the degree of freedoms scales as N3 in the (2,0) superconformal theory of N multiple M5‐branes. Our result for the Weyl anomaly is a new prediction for the (2,0) theory.
LysargiNase enhances protein identification on the basis of trypsin on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples
Authors: Liu Shu , Xu Feng , Yin Yanan , Zhang Junling , Wang Fuqiang , Li Yanchang , Xu Ping 
Published: May 2019

RationaleFormalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded (FFPE) samples are valuable for proteomic studies of disease. However, the crosslink among proteins, protein vs nucleic acid, and other covalent chemical modifications like methylation introduced by formaldehyde can interfere with trypsin digestion in proteomics studies. LysargiNase was reported to have a better full‐cleavage rate at methylation and b ion coverage than trypsin. The contribution of LysargiNase in the proteomic study of FFPE samples was assessed and compared with trypsin in this study for the first time to facilitate proteomic research on FFPE samples.MethodsThe FFPE proteins were extracted with an “antigen retrieval” method. Digestion parameters were optimized by visualization of the digests on the tricine gel by silver staining. Then the FFPE proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and cut into 16 gel bands and in‐gel digested by trypsin and LysargiNase, respectively. Peptides were desalted with Stage‐Tips and separated via liquid chromatography. Electrospray ionization was conducted and peptide mass was measured in the LTQ Orbitrap Velos in the data‐dependent mode.ResultsHigh concentrations of enzyme facilitate the digestion efficiency of FFPE samples. A total of 32,294 peptides and 3445 proteins were identified with LysargiNase and trypsin combined in two replicates. LysargiNase increased peptide identification by 18.9% and protein identification by 13.4% on the basis of trypsin. Consistently, LysargiNase increased C‐terminal peptide identification by 47.7%. Moreover, LysargiNase showed better full‐cleavage rate (49.3%) at methylated sites than trypsin (23.9%). LysargiNase and trypsin combined can improve the b‐ion coverage by 50% on FFPE samples.ConclusionsFFPE samples can be more efficiently digested at high concentrations of LysargiNase and trypsin. LysargiNase can better digest methylated peptides and improve the proteome identification by 13.4% and the b‐ion coverage by 50% on the basis of trypsin in FFPE samples.
Fight or flight? Market positions, submarket interdependencies, and strategic responses to entry threats
Authors: Ethiraj Sendil , Zhou Yue Maggie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryThis paper examines how incumbent firms' market positions and interdependencies across their submarkets influence their responses to entry threats. We adapt a model of capacity deterrence to show that because premium and low‐cost incumbents face different demand functions and operating costs, they experience different tradeoffs between ignoring, deterring, and accommodating threatened entry. In addition, the interdependencies within and between a premium incumbent's submarkets influence its responses. Using data on incumbent responses to entry threats from Southwest Airlines between 2003 and 2012, we find that (a) full‐service incumbents expanded capacity while low‐cost incumbents did not respond significantly, and (b) full‐service incumbents expanded capacity less aggressively in submarkets that had less substitutable customer segments and submarkets that were more complementary with their unthreatened submarkets.Managerial SummaryAn immutable market position is a core competitive advantage. Using data on incumbent responses to entry threats from Southwest Airlines between 2003 and 2012, we find that (a) full‐service (FSC) incumbents expanded capacity while low‐cost (LCC) incumbents did not respond significantly, and (b) FSCs expanded capacity less aggressively on routes that were expected to have a large number of business passengers and routes that connected to their international hubs. These results suggest two sources of positional immutability: While one set of past choices (e.g., those about submarket substitutability or complementarity) provide a barrier against imitation, another set of past choices (e.g., those about products and costs) generate incentives for a tough defense, both deterring entry by firms from a different position.
Anticipatory development processes for reducing total ownership costs and schedules
Authors: Boehm Barry , Behnamghader Pooyan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany systems and software processes overfocus on getting a project and product from an initial set of requirements to an Initial Operational Capability (IOC). Examples are most waterfall and V models. Projects following such processes may pass acceptance tests for functionality and performance, but may leave the product with serious maintainability shortfalls. Many agile processes focus on users' initial usage priorities, but often make development commitments for earlier needs that are incompatible with achieving later critical needs (eg, security, safety). Incremental development process models can do better, but often later increments may find that the earlier increments have not prepared them for ease of modification and repair. Besides increasing Total Ownership Costs (TOCs), long mean times to repair result in long downtimes, which can be critical to an organization's income and reputation. Furthermore, many of these shortfalls take the form of Technical Debt (TD), in that the later they are fixed, the more slow and expensive will be the fixes. This paper summarizes three process frameworks and tools providing more anticipatory ways to improve systems and software maintainability and life‐cycle cost‐effectiveness. The first framework is an Opportunity Tree for identifying and anticipating such ways. The second framework, Software Quality Understanding by Analysis of Abundant Data (SQUAAD), is a toolset for tracking a software project's incremental code commits, and analyzing and visualizing each commit's incremental and cumulative TD. The third framework is a Software/Systems Maintenance Readiness Framework (SMRF), that identifies needed maintenance readiness levels at development decision reviews, similar to the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) framework.
The changing water cycle: The eco‐hydrologic impacts of forest density reduction in Mediterranean (seasonally dry) regions
Authors: Tague Christina L. , Moritz Max , Hanan Erin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn seasonally dry Mediterranean regions, forest ecosystems are well adapted to water stress. However, extended droughts, or droughts that are warmer or more frequent than they have been in the past, can have large consequences on water availability, forest productivity, and forest mortality. Forest density reduction offers a strategy for potentially mitigating these effects and may not only improve forest health but also increase streamflow. While recent droughts have focused attention on forest density reduction strategies, there is great uncertainty in how changing forest structure alters water availability for both remaining trees and downslope water provision, particularly during droughts in semi‐arid and Mediterranean forests. To help to disentangle sometimes conflicting findings from case studies, we present a review from an eco‐hydrologic perspective that considers both how much water trees use (hydrology) but also how water availability affects forest ecophysiology and health (ecology). This eco‐hydrologic perspective helps to build a conceptual model of the mechanisms through which changes in forest structure and composition can influence water availability, forest productivity, and mortality patterns, particularly in Mediterranean‐climate regions, both during and after droughts. Ultimately, this eco‐hydrologic conceptual model offers a guide for assessing when and where density reduction will be likely to achieve desired management objectives.This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water GovernanceHuman Water > Rights to WaterScience of Water > Water Quality
Improving the Leadership Development of Students Who Work Off‐Campus
Authors: Preston Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing the cocurricular career connections (C3) leadership model, this chapter will focus on the potential for off‐campus jobs to help a largely underserved group to develop leadership skills. In so doing, leadership educators and student employers can help students be more effective in their work, develop skills that can promote employability after college, and impact the perception of employers about how effectively colleges and universities are preparing students for the world of work.
The MOPEAD project: Advancing patient engagement for the detection of “hidden” undiagnosed cases of Alzheimer's disease in the community
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gómez Octavio , Rodrigo Adrián , Iradier Fátima , Santos‐Santos Miguel A. , Hundemer Hans , Ciudin Andreea , Sannemann Lena , Zwan Marissa , Glaysher Bridget , Wimo Anders , Bonn Jaka , Johansson Gunilla , Rodriguez Isabel , Alegret Montse , Gove Dianne , Pinó Susana , Trigueros Paloma , Kivipelto Miia , Mathews Brandy , Ciudad Antonio , Ferreira Daniel , Bintener Christophe , Gurruchaga Miren , Westman Eric , Belger Mark , Valero Sergi , Maguire Peggy , Krivec David , Kramberger Milica , Simó Rafael , Garro Inmaculada Pérez , Visser Pieter Jelle , Dumas Annette , Georges Jean , Jessen Frank , Winblad Bengt , Shering Craig , Stewart Neil , Campo Laura , Boada Mercè ,   on behalf of the MOPEAD Consortium
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn most, if not all health systems, dementia is underdiagnosed, and when diagnosis occurs, it is typically at a relatively late stage in the disease process despite mounting evidence showing that a timely diagnosis would result in numerous benefits for patients, families, and society. Moving toward earlier diagnoses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires a conscientious and collective effort to implement a global strategy addressing the multiple causes hindering patient engagement at different levels of society. This article describes the design of the Models of Patient Engagement for Alzheimer's Disease project, an ongoing EU‐funded public‐private multinational initiative that will compare four innovative patient engagement strategies across five European countries regarding their ability to identify individuals with prodromal AD and mild AD dementia, which are “hidden” in their communities and traditionally not found in the typical memory clinic setting. The strategies include an online AD citizen science platform, an open house initiative at the memory clinics, and patient engagement at primary care and diabetologist clinics.
Gas field planning tool
Authors: van Berkel J. , Kaymak U. , Kulawksi G. , Weisenborn T. , White M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGas Field Planning Tool (GFPT) was developed in 1990 by the Shell Group of Companies to fill the need for a tool for gas field planning and development using deterministic subsurface and surface models. Main initiators were Shell Canada, NAM (the Netherlands), Shell Expro (UK) and BSP (Shell Brunei), as these companies are major gas producers.Shell Companies now have several years experience with using the GFPT. Application ranges from simple single field models to corporate-level models with a large number of gas reservoirs and wells. Shell companies now using GFPT models are Shell Expro (UK), BSP (Brunei), SSB (Malaysia), Shell Canada, SPDC (Nigeria), SDA (Australia), Woodside (Australia), PDO (Oman), NAM (the Netherlands), New Business Development (e.g. Lunar Project) and in future also Shell Egypt.NAM currently has a GFPT model for the Anjum field in Friesland and for the Ten Arlo field in the north of Holland.GFPT is currently being migrated to an HFPT (Hydrocarbon Field Planning Tool), which can also be used for planning of condensate, oil and water developments and for control of hydrocarbon compositions in the network using PVT de-lumping at the well head (e.g. for LNG plants) and optimisation techniques (linear, non-linear or based on bean-back lists).
Four decades of Groningen production and pricing policies
Authors: Correljé A.F. , Odell P.R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with production and pricing policies for the Groningen gasfield. It will provide an evaluation of the past and a view to its future in a liberalized European gas market. The lifelong production potential and high productivity of the Groningen gasfield is unique. The extremely low-cost field is also unique in the sub-optimal manner in which it has been exploited over the whole of its forty year life to date. Its initial monopolistic situation in the West European energy economy created an opportunity for its development to be limited to production levels, whereby super-normal profits were generated on high value sales at the cost of consumers’ welfare.The breach in the monopoly, through competition from Soviet gas, readily able to undercut Groningen prices, posed a serious threat both to unit values and market expansion. Fortunately, the fortuitous 1973/4 international oil supplies and pricing crisis restored Groningen’s fortunes. Following the upward price adjustments for foreign sales, the stage was set for achieving high company profits and massive government revenues. Dutch society in a broader sense benefited only indirectly through government tax expenditures. Again, energy consumers’ welfare gains were ignored.This remains the essence of the situation, pending agreement on the introduction of the liberalized market to meet EU directives. Currently the Dutch gas regime and policy objectives are being adjusted to the requirements of operating in a liberalized market. These changes recognize: first, the invalidity of the government’s long-held fears for gas scarcity in such a way, that the earlier steps to restrict both foreign and national sales have been abandoned, and second, the need to reinstate Gasunie as an active, rather than a passive, player in the European gas market, in which other participants have subverted Gasunie’s earlier dominance.The second part of the paper will examine, whether and how these changes can be reconciled with the core elements of the Dutch gas policy, i.e. state and private revenues, co-ordination of supply and production, the ‘small fields policy’ and the balancing role of the Groningen field. The liberalization of the European gas market, together with changes in the pattern of supply and demand and stated Dutch policy objectives of energy policy may give rise to conflicts between the interests of the Dutch State, the owners of the field and, again, the consumers.
Economics of fertility in dairy cows
Authors: Esslemont R.J. , Kossaibati M.A. , Allcock J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe financial implications of delays in conception at different stages of lactation in the average and the high yielding dairy cows were investigated. Variables included in the calculations were net loss in annual yield, lost income from a calf, cost of extended dry period, cost of slipping in calving pattern, cost of extra veterinary treatments and AI services, benefit of a delay in calving for reduced risk of production diseases, potential benefit of delay in conception on milk yield from the current lactation, and the value of quota leasing. For the average yielding cow, the net cost of one day of delay in conception was calculated at £2.41 when conception is delayed from 85 to 100 days post-calving, increasing to £5.02 per day if conception occurred at 146 to 175 days post-calving. After taking value of quota leasing into account, the net cost of a lost day was calculated at £1.73 and £3.55 per day for the two delay intervals respectively. For the high yielding cow, the net cost of one day of delay in conception was calculated at £2.48 when conception is delayed from 85 to 115 days post-calving, increasing to £6.52 per day if conception occurred between 206 and 235 days post-calving. The net costs after quota leasing being considered were calculated at £1.68 and £4.08 per day for the two delay intervals respectively. On the basis of the above estimations, and after considering the cost of culling for poor fertility, it was concluded that it is a cost-effective option to keep trying to get the typical average cow in calf until 266 days post-calving, whereas the breakeven point for the high yielding cow is at 290 days post-calving.
Resumption of reproductive activity in the early postpartum period of cows
Authors: Roche J.F. , Diskin M.G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFollowing parturition, there is an early resumption of sequential but transient FSH increases of 2-3 days duration in dairy and beef cows. The first increase results in the emergence of the first postpartum follicle wave and the decline in FSH results in selection of a dominant follicle (DF). The ovulatory fate of this DF is dependent on LH pulse frequency and IGF-I concentrations. The energy status of the cows affects the degree of anoestrus. High yielding cows in prolonged negative energy balance (NEB) have a greater incidence of anoestrous, where the DF is smaller and fails to produce sufficient oestradiol to induce ovulation. Thus, there are sequential follicle waves in anoestrus prior to first ovulation. A small percent of DFs in dairy cows fail to ovulate and they continue to grow due to high LH pulse frequency and form follicular cysts. These cysts produce oestradiol for a variable period and then become physiologically defunct, despite their morphological presence for variable periods before final regression. During their physiological active state, new follicle wave emergence and ovulation are suppressed. A further problem in high yielding cows is the increased incidence of abnormal ovarian cycles after ovulation, and specifically, the high incidence of maintained corpora lutea (CL), probably related to uterine problems in the peri-parturient period. The ovulation of smaller DFs and the high liver metabolic rate may adversely affect oestradiol and progesterone concentrations. The long-term effects of prolonged NEB on oocyte competence, DF physiology and follicular and luteal steroidogenesis all may have detrimental effects on conception rates to AI. Hormonal methods to induce ovulation should be carried out in conjunction with corrective management problems, once diagnosed The pre-treatment of anoestrous cows with progesterone for 5-9 days is a prerequisite for the concomitant expression of oestrus at first ovulation, but whether or not further hormonal therapy is necessary to ensure the ovulation of the DF, is dependent on energy status, body condition score and postpartum interval, which regulate LH pulse frequency.
Endocrine and physiological events from ovulation to establishment of pregnancy in cattle
Authors: Thatcher W.W. , Binelli M. , Arnold D. , Mattos R. , Badinga L. , Moreira F. , Staples C.R. , Guzeloglu A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to characterise the dialogue between embryo and maternal units relative to the mechanisms controlling embryo survival in dairy cattle. Endometrial explants from pregnant cows had an attenuated PGF2αsecretory response following treatment with melittin (stimulator of PLA2) and phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate (PDBu). Thus previous exposure to the conceptus appears to regulate the endometrial synthetic pathway at a point coincident with or distal to PLA2as well as inhibit PKC or PKC mediated events. Endometrial explants collected from cows receiving intrauterine infusions of rblFN-τ had a reduced secretory response following stimulation with PDBu indicating attenuation in PKC activity. Based upon tyrosine-phosphorylation of STAT-proteins and their translocation to the nucleus after treatment with rbIFN-τ, the JAK-STAT pathway is functional in immortalised bovine endometrial cells (BEND cells). Bend cells, exposed to rblFN-τ, reduced PDBu induction of PGF2αsecretion and also decreased protein expression of Cox-2 and PLA. RblFN-τ clearly reduced PKC mediated events leading to an antiluteolytic response in endometrial cells. Feeding diets containing 2.6, 5.2 and 7.8% Menhaden fish meal to lactating dairy cows reduced uterine secretion of PGF2αfollowing sequential injections of oestradiol and oxytocin. Thus antiluteolytic effects in early pregnancy may be amplified by feeding by-pass fats. Pregnancy rate to a timed insemination at first service post-partum is increased in association with injection of bST(500 mg; sc) given at insemination. Furthermore injection of bST at time of insemination in superovulated donor cows increased the number of blastocysts and reduced number of unfertilised embryos. Prospects of integrating novel strategies to improve embryo development and survival into reproductive management systems appear to be attainable in high producing dairy cows.