bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two types of rotational mechanical dilatator sheath: Evolution® and TightRail™
Authors: Cay Serkan , Ozeke Ozcan , Ozcan Firat , Topaloglu Serkan , Aras Dursun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionPowered extraction tools are usually needed in chronically implanted leads. Comparative data are essential among different rotating dilator sheaths. The aim of the study was to compare procedural/clinical outcomes and adverse events in patients underwent lead extraction utilizing two different rotating dilator sheaths.Methods and resultsThe current study was a retrospective review of consecutive patients at a single center. From December 2009 to August 2017, 163 lead extractions from 98 consecutive patients (median, 65 years; 71% male) utilizing a rotating mechanical sheath were analyzed for both efficacy (procedural and clinical success rates) and safety (adverse events). According to the type of the sheath used, the Evolution group (58 patients with 94 leads) and the TightRail group (40 patients with 69 leads) were determined. Extracted device was an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) in two‐thirds of patients. The majority of leads (87.7%) had passive‐fixation mechanism. All ICD leads had dual‐coil design. The median lead implant duration was 4 years, and no difference was found between the two groups. Infectious etiology was the main indication for extraction in 56.1% of patients. There were no statistically significant differences regarding the procedural success rate (96.6% vs 95.0%), clinical success rate (98.3% vs 97.5%), and total adverse event rate (5.2% vs 10.0%) between the Evolution and TightRail groups, respectively. Procedural success decreased with older leads and higher lead number.ConclusionsProcedural and clinical success rates utilizing both the Evolution and TightRail rotational extraction sheaths were high with low complication rate in chronically implanted leads.
Clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus‐associated encephalopathy in Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Kawasaki Yukihiko , Suyama Kazuhide , Go Hayato , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the epidemiology and clinical course of children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐associated encephalopathy.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data for 280 patients from a questionnaire survey of acute encephalitis/encephalopathy (AE/E) in Fukushima Prefecture. We enrolled six patients diagnosed with RSV‐associated encephalopathy from these 280 patients, and retrospectively investigated the clinical features and prognosis.ResultsSix (2.1%) of the 280 patients with AE/E were found to have RSV‐associated encephalopathy. The age at onset and male‐to‐female ratio were 1.3 ± 0.5 years and 2:4, respectively. The mean duration of fever and the duration of loss of consciousness were 3.7 ± 1.5 days (range, 2–6 days), and 3.3 ± 2.3 days (range, 2–8 days), respectively. Four patients had leukocytosis and two patients had high serum C‐reactive protein. On admission, one child presented with normal renal and hepatic function, but, high serum ferritin, renal and hepatic dysfunction, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were observed along with progressive multiple organ failure, with the patient dying on the second day of hospitalization. On computed tomography of the brain, five patients had brain edema and one patient had a low‐density area. Two of the six children had sequelae while three children had no sequelae.ConclusionsThe incidence of RSV‐associated encephalopathy in all AE/E patients was 2.1% Given that half of the children with RSV‐associated encephalopathy had sequelae or death, the prognosis for RSV‐associated encephalopathy is not particularly good and it is necessary to pay careful attention to patients with RSV‐associated encephalopathy.
Cardiometabolic correlates of sleep‐disordered breathing in renal transplant children
Authors: Lendvai Zsófia , Pásti Krisztina , Szeifert Lilla , Molnár László D. , Rusai Krisztina , Balassa Katalin , Reusz George , Szabó Attila J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSleep‐disordered breathing, a prevalent condition among adult renal transplant (RTx) recipients, has become an established independent risk factor of MetS, and furthermore, it might contribute to increased CV risk. Despite the proven correlations in adults, there is a lack of evidence for its significance in the pediatric RTx population. In this study, we aimed at assessing the prevalence and the clinical correlates of SDB in RTx children. Data of 13 patients (age [mean ± SD]: 14.2 ± 2.7 years) were analyzed. SDB was evaluated by PSG, as severity score OAHI was applied. Carbohydrate metabolism was characterized by OGTT, whereas CV status was studied by ABPM. Three composite end‐points were calculated as sum of z‐scores: daytime systolic and diastolic BP; nighttime systolic and diastolic BP; and glucose and insulin levels at 120 minutes. Eight patients (61.5%) were diagnosed with SDB of whom five patients (38.5%) had moderate or severe SDB. In linear regression analysis, OAHI during REM was associated with the CV variables (daytime BP P = 0.032, ß = 0.748; nighttime BP P = 0.041, ß = 0.715), and the correlations remained significant after adjustments for BMI. However, we did not confirm a significant association with the metabolic variables. The prevalence of SDB was high, and its severity during REM was a predictor of the BP suggesting that RTx children with SDB might be at risk of developing CV complications, especially HTN similarly to adults.
Two infants with bilateral renal agenesis who were bridged by chronic peritoneal dialysis to kidney transplantation
Authors: Sheldon Candice R. , Kim Erin D. , Chandra Priya , Concepcion Waldo , Gallo Amy , Su Sharon , Grimm Paul C. , Alexander Steven R. , Wong Cynthia J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBilateral renal agenesis is associated with severe oligohydramnios and was considered incompatible with postnatal life due to severe pulmonary hypoplasia. The use of renal replacement therapy was limited by significant morbidity and mortality associated with dialysis in very young infants with major pulmonary pathology. In the United States, there is a tremendous controversy about whether or not the use of prenatal amniotic fluid infusions provides a benefit to fetuses with bilateral renal agenesis. One of the critical issues identified is that there are, as yet, no children reported who had achieved long‐term survival. Previous reports all indicated these children died shortly after birth or after unsuccessful peritoneal dialysis. We present two infants with a prenatal diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis whose mothers elected to undergo prenatal amnioinfusions. One was born at 28 weeks with a birthweight of 1230 g and the other born at 34 weeks with a birthweight of 1940 g. We present the details of both cases, with initial management on chronic peritoneal dialysis, which started shortly after birth, as a bridge to living related kidney transplants.
Growth environment and seedling age affect constitutive and inducible defence in radiata pine
Authors: Reglinski T. , Taylor J. T. , Northcott G. L. , Ah Chee A. , Spiers M. , Wohlers M. 
Published: July 2019

There is increasing interest in induced resistance for crop protection. This study investigated effects of growth environment on inducible defences in developing radiata pine (Pinus radiata) seedlings. Seedlings were grown in the presence or absence ofTrichodermain either a temperature‐controlled growth room or in a greenhouse. After 3, 5 or 7 months, seedlings were sprayed with 2.25 mmmethyl jasmonate (MJ), 1 week before quantification of monoterpenes and total phenolics. The magnitude of induction of monoterpenes and total phenolics by MJ was inversely proportional to constitutive content, was greater in the greenhouse than the growth room and was greater at 3 months than at 7 months. This may indicate a cost‐saving strategy to limit defence induction once constitutive defence reaches a certain threshold. Growth room seedlings expressed greater constitutive resistance to terminal crook (Colletotrichum acutatum) and to diplodia dieback (Diplodia sapinea) than greenhouse plants, consistent with the relative differences in constitutive defence chemistry. Indeed, while MJ induced resistance to diplodia dieback in both environments, there was no difference in terminal crook incidence (4.1%) between MJ‐treated and untreated seedlings in the growth room. By the end of the study, growth room seedlings hadc. 70% more β‐pinene in stems and 140% more total phenolics in needles than greenhouse plants but were 40% smaller, indicating a defence–growth trade‐off.Trichodermadid not have a significant effect on defence chemistry or on pathogen resistance. These results demonstrate the potential to manipulate defence in radiata pine by modification of the growth environment.
Anything But Grand: A Response to Hart’s “Assessing Campaign Quality: Was the 2016 Election a Travesty?”
Authors: Kenski Kate 
Published: July 2019

This essay responds to arguments made by Roderick P. Hart about how campaigns should be evaluated and argues that the 2016 election was not a fine campaign. It discusses the merits of “republican” criteria for evaluating campaign quality and contends that some of the new criteria proposed by Hart are useful insofar as they serve these republican ideals. The essay ends by arguing that even if scholars were to adopt Hart’s proposed standards for evaluating campaign quality, the 2016 campaign fell short of being grand.
Subgroup Analysis of Treatment Effects for Misclassified Biomarkers with Time-to-Event Data
Authors: Wan Fang , Titman Andrew C. , Jaki Thomas F. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAnalysing subgroups defined by biomarkers is of increasing importance in clinical research. In many situations the biomarker is subject to misclassification error, meaning that the subgroups are identified with imperfect sensitivity and specificity. In these cases, it is improper to assume the Cox proportional hazards model for the subgroup-specific treatment effects for time-to-event data with respect to the true subgroups, since the survival distributions with respect to the diagnosed subgroups will not adhere to the proportional hazards assumption. This precludes the possibility of using simple adjustment procedures. Two approaches to modelling are considered; the corrected score approach and a method based on formally modelling the data as a mixture of Cox models using an expectation–maximization algorithm for estimation. The methods are comparable for moderate-to-large sample sizes, but the expectation–maximization algorithm performs better when there are 100 patients per group. An estimate of the overall population treatment effect is obtained through the interpretation of the hazard ratio as a concordance odds. The methods are illustrated on data from a renal cell cancer trial.
Consociationalism in the Low Countries: Comparing the Dutch and Belgian Experience
Authors: Andeweg Rudy B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite their geographical proximity, common history, and joint experience with social segmentation, there is a surprising dearth of studies systematically comparing consociationalism in Belgium and the Netherlands. This paper aims to help fill that lacuna by discussing the similarities and differences between the two countries in this respect. The similarities range from the time period of consociationalism, the original cleavage structure, to the existence of cross‐pressures at the organizational level. The most important difference is that geography always played a bigger role in Belgium. This was true even before the politicization of the language divide, but it also explains why Belgium entered a new phase of consociationalism after depillarization and the Netherlands did not. Both countries currently face challenges by anti‐establishment parties against the elite cartel, which raises questions whether this is not inherent to consociationalism once the original social segmentation has eroded.
The Clause‐Mate Condition on Resumption: Evidence from Kaqchikel
Authors: Imanishi Yusuke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe paper will argue for the existence of null resumption in Kaqchikel (Mayan) by showing new empirical facts that the language has two strategies to make a possessor interrogative: one type of the possessorwhis base‐generated in Spec‐CPand heads a resumptive chain, while the other type undergoes movement to Spec‐CP. I will present a set of paradoxical cases in which resumption in Kaqchikel displays no movement properties in a simple clause, whereas it does in a long‐distance dependency. I will suggest that the domain of locality relevant to resumptive dependencies in Kaqchikel is more constrained than in other widely discussed resumptive languages like Irish and Hebrew. Specifically, it will be proposed that a resumptive pronoun in Kaqchikel must be licensed within a clause: theClause‐Mate Condition on Resumptive Chains(CCRC). TheCCRCwill explain why resumptive dependencies in Kaqchikel display island effects, while those in Irish and Hebrew do not by suggesting that theCCRCis not operative in Irish and Hebrew.
CRD1, an Xpo1 domain protein, regulates miRNA accumulation and crown root development in rice
Authors: Zhu Jianshu , Li Yong , Lin Jian , Wu Yunrong , Guo Huaxing , Shao Yanlin , Wang Fei , Wang Xiaofei , Mo Xiaorong , Zheng Shaojian , Yu Hao , Mao Chuanzao 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCrown root (CR) is the main component of the fibrous root system in cereal crops, but the molecular mechanism underlying CR development is still unclear. Here, we isolated the crown root defect 1 (crd1) mutant from ethyl methane sulfonate‐mutated mutant library, which significantly inhibited CR development. The CRD1 was identified through genome resequencing and complementation analysis, which encodes an Xpo1 domain protein: the rice ortholog of Arabidopsis HASTY (HST) and human exportin‐5 (XPO5). CRD1 is ubiquitously expressed, with the highest expression levels in the CR primordium at the stem base. CRD1 is a nucleocytoplasmic protein. The crd1 mutant contains significantly reduced miRNA levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus, suggesting that CRD1 is essential for maintaining normal miRNA levels in plant cells. The altered CR phenotype of crd1 was simulated by target mimicry of miR156, suggesting that this defect is due to the disruption of miR156 regulatory pathways. Our analysis of CRD1, the HST ortholog identified in monocots, expands our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA level and CR development.
Understanding the relationship between family planning method choices and modern contraceptive use: an analysis of geographically linked population and health facilities data in Haiti
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Mallick Lindsay 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionThis study linked data from the 2012 Haiti Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the 2013 Haiti Service Provision Assessment (SPA) to estimate the extent to which women’s contraceptive use is associated with the method choices available in Haiti’s health facilities.MethodsUsing Global Positioning System (GPS) data for DHS clusters and for health facilities, we linked each DHS cluster to all of the family planning facilities located within a specified distance, and then measured the cluster’s level of contraceptive method choice based on the number of facilities within the buffer zone that offered three or more modern contraceptive methods. Random intercept logistic regressions were used to model the variation in individual modern contraceptive use and the availability of multiple method choices at the cluster level.ResultsLimited number of family planning facilities in Haiti offered at least three modern contraceptive methods (51% in urban and 23% in rural). Seventeen percent of both rural and urban women lived in an area with low availability of multiple methods—meaning that no facility in the specified buffer zone offered three or more contraceptive methods. Another 29% of rural women and 41% of urban women had medium availability—that is, only one facility in the buffer zone offered three or more methods. In rural areas, compared with women living in a cluster with low availability of multiple methods, the odds of using a modern method are 73% higher for women living in a cluster with medium availability, and over twice as high for women living in a cluster with high availability. A similar positive relationship was also found in urban areas.ConclusionsWomen in Haiti have only limited proximity to a health facility offering a variety of contraceptive methods. Improving access to a range of methods available at health facilities near where people live is critical for increasing contraceptive use in both urban and rural areas of Haiti.
How accurate are modelled birth and pregnancy estimates? Comparison of four models using high resolution maternal health census data in southern Mozambique
Authors: Dube Yolisa Prudence , Ruktanonchai Corrine Warren , Sacoor Charfudin , Tatem Andrew J , Munguambe Khatia , Boene Helena , Vilanculo Faustino Carlos , Sevene Esperanca , Matthews Zoe , von Dadelszen Peter , Makanga Prestige Tatenda 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundExistence of inequalities in quality and access to healthcare services at subnational levels has been identified despite a decline in maternal and perinatal mortality rates at national levels, leading to the need to investigate such conditions using geographical analysis. The need to assess the accuracy of global demographic distribution datasets at all subnational levels arises from the current emphasis on subnational monitoring of maternal and perinatal health progress, by the new targets stated in the Sustainable Development Goals.MethodsThe analysis involved comparison of four models generated using Worldpop methods, incorporating region-specific input data, as measured through the Community Level Intervention for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) project. Normalised root mean square error was used to determine and compare the models’ prediction errors at different administrative unit levels.ResultsThe models’ prediction errors are lower at higher administrative unit levels. All datasets showed the same pattern for both the live birth and pregnancy estimates. The effect of improving spatial resolution and accuracy of input data was more prominent at higher administrative unit levels.ConclusionThe validation successfully highlighted the impact of spatial resolution and accuracy of maternal and perinatal health data in modelling estimates of pregnancies and live births. There is a need for more data collection techniques that conduct comprehensive censuses like the CLIP project. It is also imperative for such projects to take advantage of the power of mapping tools at their disposal to fill the gaps in the availability of datasets for populated areas.
Molar element ratio analysis of lithogeochemical data: a toolbox for use in mineral exploration and mining
Authors: Stanley Clifford R. 
Published: July 2019

Molar element ratio analysis of element concentrations consists of four basic tools that provide substantial insight into the lithogeochemistry (and mineralogy) of rocks under examination. These tools consist of: (1) conserved element ratio analysis; (2) Pearce element ratio analysis; (3) general element ratio analysis; and (4) lithogeochemical mineral mode analysis. Conserved element ratio analysis is useful in creating a chemostratigraphic model for the host rocks to mineral deposits, whereas Pearce element ratio analysis and general element ratio analysis are primarily used to identify mineralogical and metasomatic controls on rock compositions and to investigate and quantify the extent of the material transfers that formed the host rocks and mineralization. Lithogeochemical mineral mode analysis converts element concentrations into mineral concentrations using a matrix-based change-of-basis operation, allowing lithogeochemical data to be interpreted in terms of mineral modes. It can be used to provide proper names to rocks, an important activity for an exploration geologist because of the implications that rock names have on genetic processes and mineral deposit models.
This paper provides a review of the theoretical foundations of each of these four tools and then illustrates how these techniques have been used in a variety of exploration applications to assist in the search for, evaluation and planning of, and the mining of mineral deposits. Examples include the evaluation of total digestion lithogeochemical datasets from mineral deposits hosted by igneous and sedimentary rocks and formed by hydrothermal and igneous processes. In addition, this paper illustrates a more recent geometallurgical application of these methods, whereby the mineral proportions determined by lithogeochemical mineral mode analysis are used to predict rock properties and obtain the ore body knowledge critical for resource evaluation, mine planning, mining and mine remediation.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Exploration 17 collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/exploration-17
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels and Survival in Stage III Colon Cancer:Post hocAnalysis of the MOSAIC and PETACC-8 Trials
Authors: Auclin Edouard , Taieb Julien , Lepage Come , Aparicio Thomas , Faroux Roger , Mini Enrico , Folprecht Gunnar , Salazar Ramon , Benetkiewicz Magdalena , Banzi Maria , Louvet Christophe , Van Laethem Jean-Luc , Tabernero Josep , Hickish Tamas , de Gramont Aimery , André Thierry , Vernerey Dewi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground:We explored and validated the association of postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in stage III colon cancer.Methods:Patients with stage III colon cancer from the MOSAIC and PETACC-8 trials were enrolled. The relation between CEA and outcomes was continuously modeled with the restricted cubic splines (RCS) method. Association of CEA with outcomes was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method, with two risk groups among patients with a CEA level ≤5 ng/mL. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed.Results:The CEA level was available in 1,292 (96%) and 2,477 (97%) patients in the discovery and validation cohorts. The RCS analysis confirmed that patients with a CEA level &gt;5 ng/mL were at highest risk of recurrence or death and those with a CEA level ≤5 ng/mL presented a heterogeneous risk population. In the discovery cohort, the 3-year DFS rate was 75%, 65%, and 45% in a group of patients with CEA level of 0–1.30 ng/mL (n = 630), 1.30–5 ng/mL (n = 613), and &gt;5 ng/mL (n = 49), respectively (P &lt; 0.001). CEA was independently associated with endpoints. All findings were confirmed in the validation cohort.Conclusions:Postoperative CEA level was highly and independently associated with DFS and OS, especially in patients with a CEA level of ≤5 ng/mL, suggesting that this cutoff is not optimal.Impact:CEA levels should be applied more accurately in future trials and clinical practice.