bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chloromonas svalbardensis n. sp. with Insights into the Phylogroup Chloromonadinia (Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Barcytė Dovilė , Hodač Ladislav , Nedbalová Linda , Elster Josef 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe traditional green algal genus Chloromonas accommodates mesophilic, cold‐tolerant and cold‐adapted microorganisms. In this paper, we studied a new strain isolated from a wet hummock meadow in the High Arctic. We used morphological, ultrastructural and molecular data to assess the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the new isolate. The observed morphological features generally corresponded to the cold‐tolerant Chloromonas characteristics. However, ellipsoidal or wide ellipsoidal vegetative cells, a massive parietal cup‐shaped chloroplast with a number of continuously connected lobes, a thick cell wall, a prominent hemispherical papilla and the anterior position of an oblong or round eyespot distinguished the alga from all previously described Chloromonas species. Analyses of rbcL and 18S rRNA genes showed that the new strain formed an independent lineage within a clade containing mesophilic and psychrotolerant Chloromonas species. Comparisons of secondary structure models of a highly variable ITS2 rDNA marker supported a separate species identity of the new isolate. Considering the morphological and molecular differences from its relatives, a new psychrotolerant species, Chloromonas svalbardensis, is proposed. Further, our results demonstrated the paraphyletic origin of Chloromonas within Chloromonadinia with genetically, morphologically and ecologically well‐defined clades. We discuss a scenario of a possible Chloromonas split and revision.
Occurrence, Molecular Characterization, and Assessment of Zoonotic Risk of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Pigs in Henan, Central China
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Zhang Yiqi , Wu Yayun , Li Junqiang , Qi Meng , Li Tingwen , Wang Jianling , Wang Rongjun , Zhang Sumei , Jian Fuchun , Ning Changshen , Zhang Longxian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are common gastrointestinal pathogens in humans and animals. Little is known about them and the range of species/assemblages/genotypes occurring in domestic pigs in China. Here, we present data on the occurrence and molecular diversity of these pathogens detected in the feces from farms in Henan, central China. Of 897 fecal samples tested, 28 (3.1%), 15 (1.7%), and 408 (45.5%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium, G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi, respectively. Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis were most frequently detected in piglets, while E. bieneusi was markedly more prevalent in fattening pigs. Sequence analysis of SSU rRNA gene revealed that positive Cryptosporidium strains belonged to C. suis (n = 18) and C. scrofarum (n = 10). Giardia duodenalis assemblages E (n = 9), assemblages A (n = 3), and assemblages C (n = 3) were characterized based on the sequence analysis of tpi gene. Thirteen E. bieneusi genotypes comprising four novel (pigHN‐I to pigHN‐IV) and nine known (EbpC, EbpA, pigEbITS5, LW1, H, CM8, G, CHG19, and CHS5) genotypes were identified by ITS sequence analysis of a large proportion (n = 200) of E. bieneusi‐positive samples. EbpC was the most frequent genotype, detected in 60 specimens. All 13 genotypes identified in this study clustered in zoonotic Group 1. The findings indicate that the presence of zoonotic species/assemblages/genotypes of these pathogens poses a threat to public health, suggesting that pigs in Henan province could be a significant source of human infection and water pollution.
Ethylene‐induced microtubule reorientation is essential for fast inhibition of root elongation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Ji Yusi , Fu Ying , Guo Hongwei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicrotubule reorientation is a long‐standing observation that has been implicated in regulating the inhibitory effect of ethylene on axial elongation of plant cells. However, the signaling mechanism underlying ethylene‐induced microtubule reorientation has remained elusive. Here, we reveal, by live confocal imaging and kinetic root elongation assays, that the time courses of ethylene‐induced microtubule reorientation and root elongation inhibition are highly correlated, and that microtubule reorientation is required for the full responsiveness of root elongation to ethylene treatment. Our genetic analysis demonstrated that the effect of ethylene on microtubule orientation and root elongation is mainly transduced through the canonical linear ethylene signaling pathway. By using pharmacological and genetic analyses, we demonstrate further that the TIR1/AFBs‐Aux/IAAs‐ARFs auxin signaling pathway, but not the ABP1‐ROP6‐RIC1 auxin signaling branch, is essential for ethylene‐induced microtubule reorientation and root elongation inhibition. Together, these findings offer evidence for the functional significance and elucidate the signaling mechanism for ethylene‐induced microtubule reorientation in fast root elongation inhibition in Arabidopsis.
Understanding the invisibility of black nurse leaders using a black feminist poststructuralist framework
Authors: Jefferies Keisha , Goldberg Lisa , Aston Megan , Tomblin Murphy Gail 
Published: May 2018

AimThis paper explores the invisibility and underrepresentation of Black nurses in formal and informal leadership roles using a Black feminist poststructuralist framework. The paper describes historical and contemporary challenges experienced by Black nurses throughout their nursing education and in practice. It also highlights how social and institutional discourses continue to marginalise and oppress Black nurses as leaders and render them invisible.BackgroundDiversity among nursing leaders is essential to inform health care delivery, develop inclusive practices and provide culturally sensitive care. Despite this glaring need for diversity within nursing in Canada, there remains a significant underrepresentation of Black nurses in the workforce and as leaders.DesignThis is a discursive paper on Black nurses in nursing education and the workforce as well as their location as leaders in health care through a critical analysis using Black feminist poststructuralism.MethodsA review of the literature involved searching electronic databases CINAHL, NovaNet, PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords including: Black; African; Nurses; Leaders; Feminism; Poststructural. Articles were screened by titles and abstracts before accessing full‐text for relevant articles.ResultsBlack feminist poststructuralism uncovers how power, language, subjectivity and agency are constructed by the historically ingrained social and institutional discourses of everyday life for Black nurses. Experiences of discrimination and oppression were common throughout nursing education and practice for Black nurses, resulting in feelings of marginalisation and isolation.ConclusionThe invisibility of Black nurse leaders is the result of generational oppression and discrimination manifested through discourses. Systemic, institutional and historical discourses perpetuate barriers for Black nurse leaders, resulting in their invisibility or absence in practice.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis paper is designed to generate discussion related to the invisibility of Black nurse leaders by providing an understanding of the historical experiences of Black people, their entry into the nursing profession and the present day challenges they face. This discussion will inform health care practice, policy, and structuring by identifying the barriers to leadership for Black nurses.
Shifts in nursing and medical students’ attitudes, beliefs and behaviours about interprofessional work: An interprofessional placement in ambulatory care
Authors: Seaman Karla , Saunders Rosemary , Dugmore Helen , Tobin Claire , Singer Rachel , Lake Fiona 
Published: May 2018

Aim and objectivesTo examine students’ beliefs, behaviours and attitudes in relation to interprofessional socialisation, and their expectations and experience, before and after a 2‐week clinical placement in ambulatory care.BackgroundInterprofessional clinical placements for students are important for developing an understanding of interprofessional collaboration and identity, for the benefit of patient care. Ambulatory care environment involves collaborative management of complex chronic problems. This educator supported placement that enabled final‐year nursing and medical students to work together.DesignA descriptive matched before‐after study was conducted.MethodsStudents’ completed an online questionnaire before and after their clinical placement. The questionnaire comprised of three sections: demographic information, the Interprofessional Socialisation and Valuing Scale and open‐ended questions. Descriptive analysis and paired t‐tests were conducted for the three subscales, and thematic analysis of qualitative responses was conducted.ResultsSixty‐two of the 151 students between 2011–2014 completed both surveys. There was a significant increase after placement in the overall Interprofessional Socialisation and Valuing Scale scores. The change was greater for nursing students compared with medical students, although for both groups the change was small. The majority had a good‐to‐very good experience learning each other's and their own professions and identified the nurse educator and teaching registrar as key to success.ConclusionA clinical placement in an ambulatory setting for nursing and medical students resulted in an increase in self‐perceived ability to work with others and in valuing working with others.Relevance to clinical practiceInterprofessional clinical placements are essential for students to understand interprofessional practice for better patient outcomes and developing their own perspective of future work within an interprofessional team. Ambulatory care is an ideal environment for nursing and other health professional students to engage in interprofessional clinical placements.
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of living with colorectal cancer as a chronic illness
Authors: McGeechan Grant J , McPherson Kerri E , Roberts Karen 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of patients living with cancer as a chronic illness.BackgroundDue to recent advances in detection and treatment, cancer is now regarded as a chronic illness. However, living with cancer as a chronic illness can lead to a number of physical and psychosocial consequences all of which can lead to uncertainty over how patients view and plan for their future.DesignA longitudinal qualitative study.MethodsIndividuals attending oncology follow‐up clinics with their clinical nurse specialist at a hospital in the North East of England were invited to participate in two semistructured interviews over a 6‐month period. A total of six individuals consented to participate, of whom two were women. One participant could not be contacted for the second interview, resulting in 11 interviews. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsTwo super‐ordinate themes emerged from the analysis: physical and psychological consequences of cancer and adapting to life after treatment.ConclusionThe experience of future disorientation was common among participants; however, this was impacted on by a number of factors such as functional impairment and fear of recurrence. Furthermore, future disorientation does not appear to be stable and may ease as patients begin to adjust to the uncertainty of living with colorectal cancer as a chronic illness.
Efficiently Inefficient Markets for Assets and Asset Management
Authors: GÂRLEANU NICOLAE , PEDERSEN LASSE HEJE 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe consider a model where investors can invest directly or search for an asset manager, information about assets is costly, and managers charge an endogenous fee. The efficiency of asset prices is linked to the efficiency of the asset management market: if investors can find managers more easily, more money is allocated to active management, fees are lower, and asset prices are more efficient. Informed managers outperform after fees, uninformed managers underperform, while the average manager's performance depends on the number of “noise allocators.” Small investors should remain uninformed, but large and sophisticated investors benefit from searching for informed active managers since their search cost is low relative to capital. Hence, managers with larger and more sophisticated investors are expected to outperform.
Mothers' Partnerships, Men in the Home, and Adolescents' Secondary Exposure to Violence
Authors: Crosnoe Robert , Stritzel Haley , Smith Chelsea , Cavanagh Shannon E. 
Published: May 2018

Family instability means that many U.S. youth spend time without biological fathers and with other men. This study extends the literature on the developmental implications of living with fathers and father figures by investigating the association between the presence of mothers' male romantic partners in the home and secondary exposure to violence with a focus on variability according to the identities of the men and the communities of the family. Fixed effects models of multilevel data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (N = 2,201) revealed that living with mothers' partners did not have a general protective or risky association with youths' secondary exposure to violence. This exposure, however, was lower when such men were youths' biological fathers (vs. social fathers) and when they were married to (vs. cohabiting with) youths' mothers. The link between men's marital status and exposure to violence appeared stronger in higher crime neighborhoods.
Prognostic significance of elevated serum CD44 levels in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sawant Sharada , Ahire Chetan , Dongre Harsh , Joshi Shriya , Jamghare Sayli , Rane Pallavi , Kane Shubhada , Chaukar Devendra 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundAvailability of reliable methods distinguishing high‐risk recurrent tumours from regressive tumours prior to surgery could help in better management of the disease. This study was aimed to estimate pre‐surgical serum CD44 concentration and assess the possibility of using it as a non‐invasive prognostic tool in oral cancer.MethodsELISA was performed on pre‐surgical serum samples from 64 primary oral cancer patients and 16 healthy individuals to estimate soluble CD44 levels. Immunohistochemistry was performed on parallel 64 solid tumours and 10 recurrent tumours. All patients clinically followed up for median period of 19.2 months and obtained prognostic information correlated with CD44 concentration in serum as well as in tumours.ResultsSerum CD44 concentration was found significantly high in patients as compared to healthy individuals (P < .001) and also in patients whose disease locally recurred as compared to those did not recur (P = 0026). High serum CD44 concentration inversely affected on patients survival (P = .032). CD44v6 staining intensity was detected significantly high in recurrent tumours as compared to primary tumours (P < .001), and it also correlated with poor survival (P < .001). Furthermore, in combination, patients with increased CD44 concentration in serum and CD44v6 expression in tumours significantly correlated with local recurrence (P < .001) and poor survival (P < .001).ConclusionOur data suggest that the ELISA‐based estimation of pre‐surgical serum CD44 concentration could be a non‐invasive reliable method distinguishing high‐risk recurrent tumours which can further assist in post‐surgery treatment planning.
Immunohistochemical diagnosis of mucous membrane pemphigoid
Authors: Shimanovich Iakov , Nitz Julia Marie , Witte Mareike , Zillikens Detlef , Rose Christian 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundMucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease with predominant involvement of mucosal surfaces. It is usually diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence microscopy of frozen biopsies, demonstrating linear deposits of complement, IgG or IgA along the basement membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of immunohistochemistry on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue biopsies for the diagnosis of MMP and to compare its sensitivity to that of direct immunofluorescence microscopy.MethodsWe examined 50 biopsies from 34 patients with immunologically confirmed MMP by immunohistochemistry for C3d, C4d, IgG and IgA.ResultsLinear deposits of C3d were detected in 46% of biopsies, and 53% of patients had at least one biopsy positive for C3d. Linear deposits of C4d were detected in 52% of biopsies and 59% of patients had at least one biopsy positive for C4d. Overall, 56% of biopsies and 68% of patients were positive by either C3d or C4d or both stainings. The sensitivity of either staining in mucosal biopsies was lower than in skin samples. Basement membrane deposits of IgG or IgA could not be detected in any biopsy.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that immunohistochemistry for C3d or C4d is a helpful screening procedure for cases of suspected MMP where frozen tissue is not readily available. Negative findings, however, do not exclude a possible diagnosis of MMP and should prompt an additional biopsy for direct immunofluorescence studies. Immunohistochemical detection of IgG or IgA cannot yet be used for the diagnosis of MMP.
Associations between loneliness and personality are mostly driven by a genetic association with Neuroticism
Authors: Abdellaoui Abdel , Chen Hsi‐Yuan , Willemsen Gonneke , Ehli Erik A. , Davies Gareth E. , Verweij Karin J. H. , Nivard Michel G. , de Geus Eco J. C. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Cacioppo John T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveLoneliness is an aversive response to a discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships and correlates with personality. We investigate the relationship of loneliness and personality in twin family and molecular genetic data.MethodPhenotypic correlations between loneliness and the Big Five personality traits were estimated in 29,625 adults, and in a group with genome‐wide genotype data (N = 4,222), genetic correlations were obtained. We explored whether genetic correlations may reflect causal relationships by investigating within monozygotic twin pair differences (Npairs = 2,662), by longitudinal within‐subject changes in personality and loneliness (N = 4,260–9,238 longitudinal comparisons), and by longitudinal cross‐lagged panel analyses (N = 15,628). Finally, we tested whether genetic correlations were due to cross‐trait assortative mating (Nspouse pairs = 4,436).ResultsThe strongest correlations with loneliness were observed for Neuroticism (r = .55) and Extraversion (r = –.33). Only Neuroticism showed a high correlation with loneliness independent of other personality traits (r = .50), so follow‐up analyses focused on Neuroticism. The genetic correlation between loneliness and Neuroticism from genotyped variants was .71; a significant reciprocal causal relationship and nonsignificant cross‐trait assortative mating imply that this is at least partly due to mediated pleiotropy.ConclusionsWe show that the relationship between loneliness and personality is largely explained by its relationship with Neuroticism, which is substantially genetic in nature.
Oral health and school performance in a group of schoolchildren from the Federal District, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Raquel Francis , Leal Soraya Coelho , Medonca Jordana Guedes Amorim , Hilgert Leandro Augusto , Ribeiro Ana Paula Dias 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether an association exists between school performance, quality of life, dental caries, and dental pain in children between 6 and 8 years of age.MethodsAll 6‐ to 8‐year‐old children enrolled in the second year of the six public schools in Paranoá‐FD were invited to participate in this cross‐sectional study. In total, 374 consented. Dental caries was recorded according to the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index by two trained examiners. Dental pain was assessed during clinical examination. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) was used to assess the oral health‐related quality of life, and sociodemographic data were collected. The child's school performance was measured through Provinha Brasil according to the regulations of the Ministry of Education. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and a multivariate regression model were used for data analysis.Results185 boys and 189 girls participants with a mean age of 7.2 (±0.5) years were included in the study. The prevalence of dentin carious lesions for this group was 40.6 and 49.2 percent, including enamel‐only lesions. The prevalence of dental pain was 2.8 percent. A high performance in reading (63.6 percent) and in mathematics (79.4 percent) was observed and were not associated with the presence of cavitated dentin carious lesions or dental pain. A significant association was found between school performance and the final CPQ score.ConclusionSchool performance as measured by the Provinha Brasil examination was not associated with carious lesions or dental pain. Students with lower school performance had higher CPQ scores.
Exploring the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Kabani Faizan , Lykens Kristine , Tak Hyo Jung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesEvidence indicates that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have destructive impacts on quality of life, health outcomes, and health‐care expenditures. Studies further demonstrate a dose–response relationship between the number of ACEs and risk for experiencing chronic illness, such as oral diseases later in life. Research is scarce on the prioritization of contextualized public health interventions addressing this important threat.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 2011 to 2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) provided a nationally representative sample of children in the United States, ages 1‐17 for dentate status (n = 61,530). The dependent variables identified untreated oral health‐care needs and preventive dental utilization. The key independent variables included exposure to parental death, parental divorce, parental incarceration, mental health illnesses, domestic violence, neighborhood violence, and racial discrimination. Exogenous variables included age, sex, race/ethnicity, number of children in household, socioeconomic status proxies, health insurance status, and special health needs. The data, when adjusted for complex survey design, proportionately represent children in the United States.ResultsUnadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions revealed varying magnitudes of significance across diverse racial and ethnic profiles. Exposures to parental divorce and parental death particularly exhibited critical magnitudes of influence, compared to all other ACEs.ConclusionsIn keeping with the Pareto Principle, exposure to certain ACEs, namely parental divorce and parental death, potentially introduces more profound social and health‐related consequences later in life. Therefore, contextualized interventions should prioritize public health efforts to address households burdened with exposure to parental divorce and/or parental death.