bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Error metrics for estimating the accuracy of needle/instrument placement during transperineal magnetic resonance/ultrasound‐guided prostate interventions
Authors: Bonmati Ester , Hu Yipeng , Villarini Barbara , Rodell Rachael , Martin Paul , Han Lianghao , Donaldson Ian , Ahmed Hashim U. , Moore Caroline M. , Emberton Mark , Barratt Dean C. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeImage‐guided systems that fuse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) images for performing targeted prostate needle biopsy and minimally invasive treatments for prostate cancer are of increasing clinical interest. To date, a wide range of different accuracy estimation procedures and error metrics have been reported, which makes comparing the performance of different systems difficult.MethodsA set of nine measures are presented to assess the accuracy of MRI‐US image registration, needle positioning, needle guidance, and overall system error, with the aim of providing a methodology for estimating the accuracy of instrument placement using a MR/US‐guided transperineal approach.ResultsUsing the SmartTarget fusion system, an MRI‐US image alignment error was determined to be 2.0 ± 1.0 mm (mean ± SD), and an overall system instrument targeting error of 3.0 ± 1.2 mm. Three needle deployments for each target phantom lesion was found to result in a 100% lesion hit rate and a median predicted cancer core length of 5.2 mm.ConclusionsThe application of a comprehensive, unbiased validation assessment for MR/US guided systems can provide useful information on system performance for quality assurance and system comparison. Furthermore, such an analysis can be helpful in identifying relationships between these errors, providing insight into the technical behavior of these systems.
Histopathological characteristics of ketamine‐associated uropathy and their clinical association
Authors: Jhang Jia‐Fong , Hsu Yung‐Hsiang , Jiang Yuan‐Hong , Lee Cheng‐Ling , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: February 2018

AimTo investigate the histopathological findings in ketamine‐associated uropathy (KU) and their clinical association.MethodsThirty‐eight KU patients had received history investigation and video urodynamic study. Twelve of them were clinically mild KU who were admitted for cystoscopic hydrodistention. The other 26 patients were severe KU who were admitted for enterocystoplasty with or without ureter reimplantation. Bladder and ureter specimens were harvested during operation, and a single pathologist reviewed all specimens under hematoxylin and eosin stain. The severity of histopathological findings was graded with a 4‐point scale (0: none, 1: mild, 2: moderate, and 3: severe)ResultsInflammatory cells infiltrations and nerve hyperplasia were found in the mucosa, muscle, and subserosal layers of KU bladders and ureter. In the mild KU bladder mucosa, the predominant component of the infiltrating inflammatory cells was lymphocytes. In contrast, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells infiltration were noted in the mucosa of almost all severe KU bladders. Clinical severe KU was significantly correlated with severe to moderate lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils infiltration, and nerve hyperplasia in bladder mucosa. KU patients with moderate or severe neutrophils or lymphocytes infiltration in bladder mucosa had significantly more severe bladder pain and smaller bladder capacity.ConclusionThe histological findings of KU showed whole‐layer inflammation and nerve hyperplasia in bladder mucosa. The severity of inflammatory cell infiltration in the bladder mucosa is associated with clinical symptoms. A histopathological examination might be a useful tool to discriminate the KU severity in patients.
Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is associated with asthma: A case‐control study
Authors: Chung Shiu‐Dong , Huang Chung‐Chien , Lin Herng‐Ching , Kao Li‐Ting 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveAlthough asthma and bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) are considered to share similar pathophysiological pathways, the relationship between asthma and BPS/IC is uncertain. This case‐control study aimed to investigate the relationship between prior asthma and BPS/IC using a large database in Taiwan.Materials and methodsThis study used data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. We identified 500 female patients with BPS/IC as cases and 500 propensity score‐matched females without BPS/IC as controls. We conducted logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for prior asthma between cases and controls.ResultsResults indicated that 143 (14.30%) of the total sampled patients had received a prior diagnosis of asthma. Moreover, prior asthma was found in 86 (17.20%) cases and 57 (11.40%) controls. The OR of prior asthma for cases was 1.61 (95%CI: 1.13‐2.32) compared to propensity score‐matched controls. Additionally, the ORs of prior asthma for females with BPS/IC aged 18‐59 and ≥60 years were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.11‐2.69) and 1.40 (95%CI: 0.74‐2.62), respectively, compared to controls.ConclusionsWe concluded that prior asthma was significantly associated with BPS/IC in a female Taiwanese population.
Convergence of the multigrid reduction in time algorithm for the linear elasticity equations
Authors: Hessenthaler A. , Nordsletten D. , Röhrle O. , Schroder J. B. , Falgout R. D. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThis paper presents some recent advances for parallel‐in‐time methods applied to linear elasticity. With recent computer architecture changes leading to stagnant clock speeds, but ever increasing numbers of cores, future speedups will be available through increased concurrency. Thus, sequential algorithms, such as time stepping, will suffer a bottleneck. This paper explores multigrid reduction in time (MGRIT) for an important application area, linear elasticity. Previously, efforts at parallel‐in‐time for elasticity have experienced difficulties, for example, the beating phenomenon. As a result, practical parallel‐in‐time algorithms for this application area currently do not exist. This paper proposes some solutions made possible by MGRIT (e.g., slow temporal coarsening and FCF‐relaxation) and, more importantly, a different formulation of the problem that is more amenable to parallel‐in‐time methods. Using a recently developed convergence theory for MGRIT and Parareal, we show that the changed formulation of the problem avoids the instability issues and allows the reduction of the error using two temporal grids. We then extend our approach to the multilevel case, where we demonstrate how slow temporal coarsening improves convergence. The paper ends with supporting numerical results showing a practical algorithm enjoying speedup benefits over the sequential algorithm.
A fully coupled two‐level Schwarz preconditioner based on smoothed aggregation for the transient multigroup neutron diffusion equations
Authors: Kong Fande , Wang Yaqi , Schunert Sebastian , Peterson John W. , Permann Cody J. , Andrš David , Martineau Richard C. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe multigroup neutron diffusion equations (an approximation of the neutron transport equation) are widely used for studying the motion of neutrons and their interactions with stationary background materials. Solving the multigroup neutron diffusion equations is challenging because the unknowns are tightly coupled through scattering and fission events, and solutions with high spatial resolution of full reactor cores in multiphysics environments are frequently required. In this paper, we focus on the development of a scalable, parallel preconditioner for solving the system of equations arising from the finite‐element discretization of the multigroup neutron diffusion equations in space and an implicit finite‐difference scheme in time. The parallel preconditioner (here referred to as the “fully coupled Schwarz preconditioner”) is constructed by monolithically applying the overlapping domain decomposition method together with a smoothed aggregation‐based coarse space to the coupled system. Our approach is different from the traditional block Gauss–Seidel sweep method that applies the preconditioner from the fast group to the thermal group sequentially, and we demonstrate that it provides significant improvements in terms of both the number of iterations required and the total compute time for a system of equations with millions of unknowns on a large supercomputer.
Responding to intimate partner violence: Healthcare providers' current practices and views on integrating a safety decision aid into primary care settings
Authors: Alvarez Carmen , Debnam Katrina , Clough Amber , Alexander Kamila , Glass Nancy E. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTSupportive care for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) remains limited in primary care settings. Low‐income and Spanish‐speaking survivors of IPV are even more disadvantaged, given the dearth of linguistically and culturally appropriate interventions for IPV. We conducted semi‐structured individual interviews with 17 healthcare workers, including physicians, nurses, and social workers, to describe how healthcare workers serving primarily low‐income, Latina populations are currently screening and responding to IPV disclosure, and to explore the acceptability of integrating an interactive, personalized safety decision aid application—myPlan app—into the clinic setting. Despite recognition of IPV as a problem, none of the clinical sites had a protocol to guide screening and response to IPV disclosure. Screening practices varied across the sites, sometimes conducted by medical assistants prior to the provider visit and other times by the physician or nurse provider. When IPV was disclosed, it was often during assessment for a presenting problem such as poor sleep or anxiety. Most healthcare workers felt that clinical and community resources were limited for their patients experiencing IPV. The “warm hand‐off” to a social worker was the most common response strategy when possible; otherwise, women were given information about available resources such as hotlines and safe houses. We discuss structural, family, and individual barriers to accessing safety resources for underserved women and review how an easily accessible safety decision app, such as myPlan, could be a resource for women to safely tailor an action plan for her situation.
Prospective Studies Exploring the Possible Impact of an ID3 Polymorphism on Changes in Obesity Measures
Authors: Svendstrup Mathilde , Appel Emil V.R. , Sandholt Camilla H. , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Ängquist Lars H. , Thuesen Betina H. , Jørgensen Marit E. , Pedersen Oluf , Grarup Niels , Hansen Torben , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Vestergaard Henrik 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveChanges in fat mass depend on adipogenesis and angiogenesis, mechanisms regulated by the inhibitor of differentiation‐3 (ID3). Id3 knockout mice showed attenuated increases in BMI and visceral fat mass. We hypothesized that the ID3 missense variant (rs11574‐A) would lead to an attenuated increase over time in fat mass, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist‐hip ratio (WHR) in humans.MethodsThe genotyped study populations included the Obesity Research Group – Genetics (ORGGEN) cohort, a cohort of men with obesity (N = 716) and of randomly selected men (N = 826) from the Danish draft register who were examined at mean ages of 20 and 46 years, and the Inter99 (N = 6,116) and Health2006 (N = 2,761) cohorts, two population‐based samples of middle‐aged people, followed up after 5 years.ResultsIn meta‐analyses of all data, no association was found between rs11574‐A and changes in BMI, WC, WHR, or fat mass. We found an association between rs11574‐A and cross‐sectional BMI (N = 10,359, β: −0.16 kg/m2 per allele, 95% CI: −0.30 to −0.01, P = 0.033) and fat mass (N = 4,188, β: −0.52 kg/m2 per allele, 95% CI: −1.03 to −0.01, P = 0.046).ConclusionsNo consistent impact of the genetic variant on changes in fat mass, BMI, or fat distribution was found in three Danish cohorts.
Arylamine polymers prepared via facile paraldehyde addition condensation: an effective hole‐transporting material for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Suwa Koki , Tanaka Suguru , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractArylamine polymers were prepared via the facile one‐step addition condensation of N,N′‐diphenyl‐N,N′‐bis(4‐methylphenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenediamine and 4‐methoxytriphenylamine with paraldehyde. The polymers were highly soluble in common organic solvents. The non‐conjugated arylamine polymer structure was characterized and found to form tough, homogeneous, amorphous layers with a glass transition temperature above 200 °C on a substrate by a simple spin‐coating process. The polymer layers exhibited a hole mobility of the order of 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1, which was comparable with those of previously reported arylamine polymers, and a highest occupied molecular orbital level of −5.38 eV appropriate for the hole‐transporting layer of perovskite solar cells. The perovskite cells fabricated with the polymers gave a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 16.0%. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
An insight into the effect of composition for enhance catalytic performance of biogenic Au/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Leishangthem Dhaneshor , Yumkhaibam Md. Amar Khan , Henam Premananda Singh , Nagarajan Sankaranarayanan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA comprehensive knowledge of composition‐activity property relationship of nanoparticulate materials is highly desirable for applications in various catalysis reactions. We have addressed a facile green aqueous approach for preparation of Au, Ag monometallic, Au/Ag alloy as well as core‐shell bimetallic nanoparticles. The phytochemicals present in lemon grass leaves extract were employed both as natural reducing and capping agents at room temperature. X‐ray diffraction pattern, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray studies confirmed the formation of bimetallic system. The ensuing Au core/Ag shell and Au/Ag alloy bimetallic nanoparticles were crystalline and spherical in nature with identical average diameter of ~ 18 nm as measured via transmission electron microscopy. The bimetallic systems incredibly display higher catalytic potential than their monometallic counterparts which were vividly reckoned on structural effect, lattice compression, and synergistic electronic effect.
Colloidal Suspensions of Platinum Group Metal Nanoparticles (Pt, Pd, Rh) Synthesized by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBD)
Authors: Sauvageau Jean‐François , Turgeon Stéphane , Chevallier Pascale , Fortin Marc‐André 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAtmospheric‐pressure plasmas produced by dielectric barrier discharge can be used to grow nanoparticles from aqueous solutions containing ions from the platinum group metals (PGM: Pt, Pd, and Rh). The technology could also be applied to recover PGM from waste solutions. In plasma electrochemistry, PGM solutions act as a liquid electrode, and a counter electrode located near the surface of the liquid is used to generate the plasma (e.g., hydrogen, argon). The treatment synthesizes nanoparticles within minutes, which can be separated from the treated solutions. In the present study, small concentrations of PGM ions (1 × 10−3m) are recuperated from aqueous solutions containing chloride ions. The efficiency of the process is quantified by elemental analysis, and the size of the colloids, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Very high recovery yields are found for palladium (>99%), as well as for rhodium (>75%) and for platinum (>51%). Plasma electrochemistry is a very efficient and rapid process to recuperate PGM ions from water solutions (faster than conventional electrowinning) such as industrial waste, acid leach, and related effluents. The very fine and surfactant‐free nanoparticles could find promising applications as industrial and automotive catalysts.
Distributed containment control for nonlinear multiagent systems in pure‐feedback form
Authors: Cui Guozeng , Xu Shengyuan , Chen Xinkai , Lewis Frank L. , Zhang Baoyong 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of distributed containment control for pure‐feedback nonlinear multiagent systems under a directed graph topology is investigated. The dynamics of each agent are molded by high‐order nonaffine pure‐feedback form. Neural networks are employed to identify unknown nonlinear functions, and dynamic surface control technique is used to avoid the problem of explosion of complexity inherent in backstepping design procedure. The Frobenius norm of the ideal neural network weighting matrices is estimated, which is helpful to reduce the number of the adaptive tuning law and alleviate the networked communication burden. The proposed distributed containment controllers guarantee that all signals in the closed‐loop systems are cooperatively semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the outputs of followers are driven into a convex hull spanned by the multiple dynamic leaders. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed method is demonstrated by simulation examples.
Short Telomeres Induce p53 and Autophagy and Modulate Age-Associated Changes in Cardiac Progenitor Cell Fate
Authors: Matsumoto Collin , Jiang Yan , Emathinger Jacqueline , Quijada Pearl , Nguyen Nathalie , De La Torre Andrea , Moshref Maryam , Nguyen Jonathan , Levinson Aimee B. , Shin Minyoung , Sussman Mark A. , Hariharan Nirmala 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Aging severely limits myocardial repair and regeneration. Delineating the impact of age-associated factors such as short telomeres is critical to enhance the regenerative potential of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We hypothesized that short telomeres activate p53 and induce autophagy to elicit the age-associated change in CPC fate. We isolated CPCs and compared mouse strains with different telomere lengths for phenotypic characteristics of aging. Wild mouse strain Mus musculus castaneus (CAST) possessing short telomeres exhibits early cardiac aging with cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and senescence, as compared with common lab strains FVB and C57 bearing longer telomeres. CAST CPCs with short telomeres demonstrate altered cell fate as characterized by cell cycle arrest, senescence, basal commitment, and loss of quiescence. Elongation of telomeres using a modified mRNA for telomerase restores youthful properties to CAST CPCs. Short telomeres induce autophagy in CPCs, a catabolic protein degradation process, as evidenced by reduced p62 and increased accumulation of autophagic puncta. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagosome formation reverses the cell fate to a more youthful phenotype. Mechanistically, cell fate changes induced by short telomeres are partially p53 dependent, as p53 inhibition rescues senescence and commitment observed in CAST CPCs, coincident with attenuation of autophagy. In conclusion, short telomeres activate p53 and autophagy to tip the equilibrium away from quiescence and proliferation toward differentiation and senescence, leading to exhaustion of CPCs. This study provides the mechanistic basis underlying age-associated cell fate changes that will enable identification of molecular strategies to prevent senescence of CPCs.
Evidence‐based systems engineering
Authors: Hybertson Duane , Hailegiorghis Mimi , Griesi Kenneth , Soeder Brian , Rouse William 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSystems engineering as with many other disciplines has a foundational challenge of using evidence as the basis for decisions that need to be made in support of the engineering and operations of systems. This challenge is compounded by increasing complexity and rates of changes of modern systems and the large amount of data that is available from these systems and their environments. To address these challenges and opportunities, systems engineering needs to modernize and develop new methods, processes, and tools to ensure that best objective evidence is habitually applied. The authors propose a framework, a systematic way of leveraging available evidence to make decisions or solve problems, both in the practice of systems engineering and in its application domains. This framework includes the combining of scientific knowledge with data analytics to produce best evidence, and then applying mediating context factors to the evidence to make SE decisions. Lessons learned from evidence‐based practice in other domains, especially law and medicine, are described and incorporated into evidence‐based systems engineering (EBSE). Finally, this article provides examples of applying EBSE in practice within SE as well as in SE application domains.
Towards K‐Ion and Na‐Ion Batteries as “Beyond Li‐Ion”
Authors: Kubota Kei , Dahbi Mouad , Hosaka Tomooki , Kumakura Shinichi , Komaba Shinichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLi‐ion battery commercialized by Sony in 1991 has the highest energy‐density among practical rechargeable batteries and is widely used in electronic devices, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage system in the world. Moreover, the battery market is rapidly growing in the world and further fast‐growing is expected. With expansion of the demand and applications, price of lithium and cobalt resources is increasing. We are, therefore, motivated to study Na‐ and K‐ion batteries for stationary energy storage system because of much abundant Na and K resources and the wide distribution in the world. In this account, we review developments of Na‐ and K‐ion batteries with mainly introducing our previous and present researches in comparison to that of Li‐ion battery.
Bayesian estimation of climate sensitivity using observationally constrained simple climate models
Authors: Bodman Roger W. , Jones Roger N. 
Published: February 2018

One‐dimensional simple climate models (SCMs) play an important role within a hierarchy of climate models. They have largely been used to investigate alternative emission scenarios and estimate global‐mean temperature change. This role has expanded through the incorporation of techniques that include Monte Carlo methods and Bayesian statistics, adding the ability to generate probabilistic temperature change projections and diagnose key uncertainties, including equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). The latter is the most influential parameter within this class of models where it is ordinarily prescribed, rather than being an emergent property. A series of recent papers based on SCMs and Bayesian statistical methods have endeavored to estimate ECS by using instrumental observations and results from other more complex models to constrain the parameter space. Distributions for ECS depend on a variety of parameters, such as ocean diffusivity and aerosol forcing, so that conclusions cannot be drawn without reference to the joint parameter distribution. Results are affected by the treatment of natural variability, observational uncertainty, and the parameter space being explored. In addition, the highly simplified nature of SCMs means that they contain a number of implicit assumptions that do not necessarily reflect adequately the true nature of Earth's nonlinear quasi‐chaotic climate system. Differences in the best estimate and range for ECS may be partly due to variations in the structure of the SCMs reviewed in this study, along with the selection of data and the calibration details, including the choice of priors. Further investigations and model intercomparisons are needed to clarify these issues. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:461–473. doi: 10.1002/wcc.397This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models