bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Hilbert–Huang transform for recognition of active gully erosion sites in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Li Jilong , Na Jiaming , Yang Xue , Cao Jianjun , Dai Wen , Tang Guoan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe loess shoulder‐lines are known to be the most critical topographic structural lines in the loess landform area of the Loess Plateau, China. Previous studies have shown that gully erosion activity can be reflected in the dynamic changes of the shoulder‐lines. In this study, active gully erosion sites along the shoulder‐lines are investigated. Three typical test areas with different loess landforms are selected, and the loess shoulder‐lines are derived from 1 m resolution digital elevation models. First, height profiles of the loess shoulder‐lines are extracted. Then, from the perspective of frequency domains, active gully erosion sites are identified using the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). The experimental results show that the HHT method can effectively mine the intrinsic characteristics of the shoulder‐lines. The detailed information components (non‐components) and trend components of the height profiles can be obtained via ensemble empirical mode decomposition and a significance test. In addition, the HHT method was employed to identify the instantaneous frequency curve catastrophe points of the loess shoulder‐line height profiles, and the physical meaning is clear: a higher frequency denotes greater energy and more severe erosive processes, and the catastrophe point locations represent the active gully erosion sites. Evidence from a recent field survey and a comparison with another method supports the results, indicating that the method proposed in this study could potentially be effective for the exploration and analysis of geomorphologically sensitive locations in loess landform studies.
Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in cystoid macular degeneration associated with central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Sahoo Niroj Kumar , Mishra Sai Bhakti , Iovino Claudio , Singh Sumit Randhir , Munk Marion R , Berger Lieselotte , Peiretti Enrico , Chhablani Jay 
Published: January 2019

AimTo describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics and to identify and analyse the incidence of choroidal neovascular (CNV) network seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with cystoid macular degeneration (CMD) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study of 29 eyes of 25 patients who were previously diagnosed as CSCR with CMD. Baseline patient characteristics, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), evidence of CNV network and its pattern on OCTA, distribution of CMD changes and OCT parameters, such as height of the neurosensory retinal detachment (NSD), presence of double layer sign, central macular thickness, were analysed. The eyes were classified into two groups depending on the presence or absence of CNV network on OCTA. BCVA, OCT parameters and CMD distribution were compared in the two groups at baseline using independent t-test.ResultA total of 13 (44.8 %) eyes had a CNV network, while only 9 out of the 13 eyes had pattern-I CNV. Among the eyes with CNV network (13 eyes), mean height of NSD was of 65.2±22.7 µ, whereas, among the eyes without CNV (16 eyes), it was 134.6±77.4 µ. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.013). There was no statistically significant difference between eye having a CNV and eyes without CNV in terms of other parameters.ConclusionA CNV network is seen in a large subset of patients with CMD in CSCR. A shallower subretinal fluid may point towards the presence of an underlying CNV network.
Circumscribed choroidal haemangioma: clinical and topographical features
Authors: Krohn Jørgen , Rishi Pukhraj , Frøystein Torbjørn , Singh Arun D 
Published: January 2019

AimsTo characterise the clinical and topographical features of circumscribed choroidal haemangioma (CCH) and to visualise the patterns of tumour extent in the ocular fundus.MethodsData on the size, shape and location of 113 CCH were converted into a database of two-dimensional retinal charts by means of computer drawing software. The extent of the tumours was visualised by merging the charts and displaying the number of overlapping tumours on colour-coded maps.ResultsThe mean largest tumour diameter was 7.2 mm (range, 2.5–11.0 mm), mean tumour height was 2.4 mm (range, 0.7–4.6 mm) and mean diameter/height ratio was 3.2 (range, 2.1–6.0). The mean distance from the posterior tumour margin to the foveola and optic disc margin was 1.7 mm (range, 0–15 mm) and 2.4 mm (range, 0–11 mm), respectively. The hemispheric location of the tumour centroid was temporal in 75 eyes (66%) and nasal in 38 (34%) (p=0.0005) and the distribution between the superior and inferior hemispheres was 68 (60%) and 45 (40%), respectively (p=0.03). The presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) was significantly associated with young age at diagnosis (p=0.0002), low tumour diameter/height ratio (p=0.0004), nasal hemisphere location (p=0.006) and close proximity to the optic disc (p=0.004).ConclusionsThe superotemporal quadrant close to the macula is the most frequent location of CCH. The tumours are generally characterised by a diameter/height ratio of >2. Tumours in young patients, with marked elevation, in nasal hemisphere and in proximity to the optic disc are associated with SRF exudation.
Choroidal thickness and vascular density in macular telangiectasia type 2 using enface swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wang Jay C , Laíns Inês , Oellers Patrick , Kim Ivana K , Miller Joan W , Miller John B 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo investigate the choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascular densities (CVD) of patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2) and their association with other multimodal imaging features, using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).MethodsProspective, cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients with MacTel2 along with controls without any macular disease were included. Fundus photography, confocal blue reflectance, near-infrared reflectance, autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, spectral domain OCT and SS-OCT were performed. Images were independently analysed by two graders, and CVD was calculated from binarised en face SS-OCT images. CT was obtained from the SS-OCT platform via built-in automated segmentation. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThirty-nine eyes of 20 patients with MacTel2 and 29 eyes of 15 control patients were included. Average CT and perifoveal temporal CT did not differ significantly between eyes with MacTel2 and control eyes (p≥0.350), when accounting for confounding factors. Overall and temporal CVD also did not significantly differ between the two groups (p≥0.490).ConclusionCT and CVD did not significantly differ between MacTel2 and control eyes in this study using SS-OCT. Even though MacTel2 may include abnormalities involving the choroid, these are likely minor in comparison to the predominant retinal changes.
Association between suicide attempts and homelessness in a population-based sample of US veterans and non-veterans
Authors: Tsai Jack , Cao Xing 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundSuicide and homelessness share many of the same risk factors, but there is little understanding of how they are related to each other.MethodsData on 36 155 US adults (3101 veterans and 33 024 non-veterans) in the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions-III were analysed to examine the association between lifetime homelessness and suicide, net of other factors, in a nationally representative US sample.ResultsUS veterans with homeless histories were 7.8 times more likely to have attempted suicide than veterans with no homeless histories (24.5% vs 2.8%). Non-veterans with homeless histories were 4.1 times more likely to have attempted suicide than those with no homeless histories (23.1% vs 4.5%). Lifetime homelessness was independently associated with lifetime suicide attempts in veterans (AOR=3.75, 95% CI 3.72 to 3.77) and non-veterans (AOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.83 to 1.84).ConclusionThe findings suggest a unique link between homelessness and suicide, especially among US veterans. Strategies to synergise homeless and suicide prevention services, particularly in the Veterans Health Administration, may benefit high-risk individuals.
Insomnia is associated with increased mortality in patients with first-ever stroke: a 6-year follow-up in a Chinese cohort study
Authors: Li Li-Jun , Yang Yang , Guan Bo-Yuan , Chen Qi , Wang An-Xin , Wang Yong-Jun , Zhang Ning , Wang Chun-Xue 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveInsomnia is a highly prevalent disorder among patients suffering from stroke. The association between insomnia and stroke mortality is less studied, particularly using the latest diagnostic criteria. The current study examined the relationship between insomnia and mortality among patients with first-evonal hazard models were used to calculate HRs for stroke er stroke in China.MethodsPatients with acute cerebrovascular diseases (stroke) were recruited from 56 hospitals in mainland China. Insomnia was defined as difficulty falling asleep, or difficulty staying asleep or waking up early, for at least two consecutive visits. Demographic data, medical history and clinical data were collected. Four follow-up visits occurred within the first year after stroke, and the last follow-up call was conducted 6 years later. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate HRs for stroke mortality.ResultsInsomnia was reported by 38.4% (489/1273) of patients at baseline. During the 6 years of follow-up, after adjusting for all confounders, insomnia was found to be associated with increased mortality (HR=1.66, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.48). Old age (HR=1.08, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.10), stroke recurrence in the first year of follow-up (HR=2.53, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.31) and stroke survivors with hypertension (HR=1.62, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.53) had substantially higher risk of mortality.ConclusionsBesides old age, stroke recurrence in the first year of follow-up and hypertension, insomnia is associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with first-ever stroke in China. More studies about prompt and efficient interventions for insomnia are expected in the future.Trial registration numberrctn62169508.
Chronic stroke survivors show task-dependent modulation of motor variability during bimanual coordination
Authors: Ranganathan Rajiv , Gebara Rani , Andary Michael , Sylvain Jim 
Published: January 2019

Stroke often results in hemiparesis, leaving one side of the body “affected” relative to the other side. Prior research has shown that the affected arm has higher variability; however, the extent to which this variability can be modulated is unclear. Here we used a shared bimanual task to examine the degree to which participants could modulate the variability in the affected arm after stroke. Participants with chronic stroke ( n = 11) and age-matched controls ( n = 11) performed unimanual and bimanual reaching movements to move a cursor on a screen to different targets. In the unimanual condition, the cursor was controlled only by the movement of a single arm, whereas, in the bimanual condition, the cursor position was “shared” between the two arms by using a weighted average of the two hand positions. Unknown to the participants, we altered the weightings of the affected and unaffected arms to cursor motion and examined how the movement variability on each arm changed depending on its contribution to the task. Results showed that stroke survivors had higher movement variability on the affected arm; however, like age-matched controls, they were able to modulate the variability in both the affected and unaffected arms according to the weighting condition. Specifically, as the weighting on a particular arm increased (i.e., it became more important to the task), the movement variability decreased. These results show that stroke survivors are capable of modulating variability depending on the task context, and this feature may potentially be exploited for rehabilitation paradigms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that chronic stroke survivors, similar to age-matched controls, are able to modulate variability in their affected and unaffected limbs in redundant bimanual tasks as a function of how these limbs contribute to the task. Specifically, in both affected and unaffected limbs, the variability of the limb increases as its contribution to the task decreases. This feature may potentially be exploited in rehabilitation paradigms using bimanual tasks.
Relación bidireccional entre diabetes mellitus y periodontitis apical.
Authors: Quezada García Maria Andrea , Palma Eyzaguirre Ana Maria 
Published: January 2019

Resumen: La Diabetes Mellitus es una enfermedad crónica que ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas, por lo que cada vez es más probable que los odontólogos veamos pacientes con esta enfermedad. Múltiples estudios han evaluado la relación entre diabetes mellitus y patologías orales, ya que la diabetes produce un estado proinflamatorio permanente que altera la cicatrización y la respuesta del hospedero frente a las bacterias. Por otro lado, la periodontitis apical, una de las patologías orales de mayor prevalencia en Chile, produce citoquinas que van a llegar al torrente sanguíneo, aumentando la inflamación y empeorando el control metabólico de esta enfermedad. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es entender los mecanismos por los que ocurre esta interacción y sus consideraciones terapéuticas.
Time for a “Plan B” in Peritoneal Metastatic Disease
Authors: Tripodo Claudio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Peritoneal involvement in cancer is the harbinger of a particularly unfavorable prognosis. The peritoneal cavity microenvironment is skewed toward immunoregulatory conditions promoted by macrophage populations and innate-like B-1 B cells, which provide immune privilege to malignant cell foci. In this issue of Cancer Research, Haro and colleagues demonstrate that triggering innate IgM-mediated B-1a immune responses via pathogen- or danger-associated molecular pattern recognition exerts antitumor effects on peritoneal metastases by inducing classical complement cascade activation. Exploitation of innate B-1 humoral responses and noncellular immunity is a promising strategy to counter the “castling” of metastatic tumor cells in the peritoneal immunoprivileged site.
See related article by Haro et al., p. 159
Translating Science into Survival: Report on the Fourth International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference
Authors: Diken Mustafa , Ravoori Srivani , Brodsky Arthur N. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
On September 30 to October 3, 2018, in New York City, the Fourth International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference (CICON) was hosted jointly by the Cancer Research Institute (CRI), the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy (CIMT), the European Academy of Tumor Immunology, and the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). For the fourth straight year, more than 1,400 people attended the 4-day event, which covered the latest advances in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. This year's meeting also coincided with the announcement that the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine would be awarded to one of CICON's attendees, James P. Allison.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Descriptive Epidemiology: The Origin of Geographic Difference
Authors: Logroscino Giancarlo , Piccininni Marco 
Published: January 2019

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) epidemiology has rapidly developed in the last 30 years alongside the evolving changes in concepts in the field of clinical ALS and also due to the recent proposals of new classification system for motor neuron diseases. Many of these changes in the clinical scenario have been determined through the results of ALS population-based studies conducted in the last 20 years primarily in Europe. All the evidences converge to show that ALS risk is different across continents and ethnicities. In a European registry consortium named EURALS, ALS incident cases were drawn from a source population comprising almost 24 million people across Europe (ALS cases: 1028) and the estimated incidence was 2.2 per 100,000 person-years (py) for the general population. In contrast, other population-based studies have measured the lowest incidence in East Asia to be 0.89 per 100,000 py and in South Asia to be 0.79 per 100,000 py. A large part of Africa, Latin America and Asia does not have any population-based studies. The origin of geographic difference in ALS incidence is a matter of debate. Probably, this is partly due to genes (C9ORF72) and partly due to environmental risk factors. The rapid disappearance of ALS Foci in Guam, Kii, and West Guinea underline the importance of changes in lifestyle and environmental factors. The Global Burden of Disease, a project aiming to describe the burden of all diseases and injuries across all the countries of the world with a standardized protocol, has collected heterogeneous sources of data to estimate the burden of motor neuron diseases. The demographic changes related to increased expectation of life and the growth of the world population indicate that the load of motor neuron disease is rapidly moving toward 400 thousand prevalent cases. The burden is expected to shift toward Asia and Africa in the next decades for the rapid increase of expectation of life of countries with high demographic impact.
Sistema de dobramentos Piancó-Alto Brígida (PE-PB-CE), Regionalização geotectônica e geocronologia
Authors: Neves Benjamim Bley de Brito , Van Schmus William Randall , Campos Neto Mario Da Costa 
Published: January 2019

O Sistema de Dobramentos Piancó-Alto Brígida (SPAB) situa-se na porção central a centro-ocidental da Zona Transversal, da Província Borborema, nos Estados da Paraíba e do Pernambuco e em parte do Estado do Ceará. Trata-se do produto de um desenvolvimento orogenético na passagem Criogeniano-Ediacarano (630–580 Ma, acresção seguida de colisão), levando à inversão vigorosa de uma pretérita bacia de sedimentação marinha costeira. O limite ao norte é marcado pelo Lineamento de Patos e o ao sul é balizado pelo Lineamento Pernambuco. O contexto paleogeográfico (e litoestratigráfico) original é de reconstituição difícil devido aos eventos de deformação (pelo menos três fases) e metamorfismo, lateralmente variável de muito baixo, baixo a médio graus, seguidos de uma importante fase de tectônica extrusional tardia. O SPAB se encontra hoje geológico-geograficamente ramificado em diferentes faixas, separadas por alguns basement inliers, paleoproterozoicos/“terrenos”, expressivos em área e importantes partícipes dos eventos de deformação. Os principais litotipos presentes no SPAB se enquadram nas típicas assembleias quartzito-pelito-calcário (QPC) com a característica primordial da grande ritmicidade. Os gradientes metamórficos são de muito baixo, baixo e médio graus (nesse último caso, para o sul, faixa do interior de Pernambuco, “Supergrupo Salgueiro”). Nas zonas proximais dos contatos com o embasamento, consoante a linhas de falhas importantes, são registrados brechas e conglomerados polimícticos, arenitos imaturos, metagrauvacas e metacórseos (Formação Olhos d’Água). Embora haja várias contribuições, de diversas fontes, ao longo dos últimos 50 anos, em diferentes tempos e propósitos, uma discriminação da litoestratigráfica satisfatória ainda não foi possível. De sorte que todos os termos litoestratigráficos devem ser encarados como informais e provisórios. Múltiplos trabalhos de reconhecimento em geocronologia foram realizados aleatoriamente nesse sistema nas
A banalidade do mal na obra de Lília Momplé
Authors: Salgado Maria Teresa 
Published: January 2019

Leitura dos contos da obra Ninguém matou Suhura, da escritora moçambicana Lília Momplé, a partir do conceito de banalidade do mal, de Hannah Arendt. Procuramos mostrar de que forma o conceito pode ser empregado para entendermos a natureza do mal em algumas situações do colonialismo. Hanna Arendt nos ofereceu um caminho para refletir sobre a capacidade/incapacidade do homem de distinguir o mal do bem e desenvolveu reflexões que nos permitem compreender aspectos inusitados da relação entre os sistemas totalitários e o mal. Tentaremos apontar de que forma os contos de Lília Momplé, na obra Ninguém matou Suhura, nos oferecem uma via de leitura próxima das ideias desenvolvidas por Arendt sobre "a banalidade do mal".
O Pátio das Sombras: a representação da morte na releitura de Mia Couto
Authors: Ruiz Regina Célia 
Published: January 2019

(resenha) COUTO, Mia. O pátio das sombras. Ilustrações de Malangatana, vol. 10. In: Contos de Moçambique, São Paulo: Kapulana, 2018.
Языковая ситуация межвоенного периода среди славянских меньшинств в Латгалии (по нарративам информантов)
Authors: Пилипенко [Pilipenko] Глеб [Gleb] 
Published: January 2019

The language situation of the Slavic minorities in Latgale in the interwar period (according to the narratives of the informants)This article presents the language situation of the Slavic minorities (Russians, Poles and Belarusians) in Latgale in the 1920s and 1930s in individual and collective memory. As perceived by the informants, the interwar period is associated with the dominance of the Latvian language in the public sphere (the army, public service, education, official place names). In their view, military service and education at Latvian schools contributed to the development of Latvian language competence among national minorities. On the other hand, the 1920s and 1930s were also a period when Poles and Belarusians had access to education with their native language as the language of instruction. Although the accounts under consideration reflect a collective perception of the period and reveal its atmosphere, each of them is unique as it includes particular details and conveys feelings of individual informants (participants in the events and their descendants). The informants developed a stereotypical perception of the period, according to which there was a direct link between the level of command of the Latvian language and participation in certain spheres of public activity. Sytuacja językowa mniejszości słowiańskich w Łatgalii w okresie międzywojennym (w narracjach respondentów)Artykuł przedstawia sytuację językową mniejszości słowiańskich (Rosjan, Polaków i Białorusinów) w Łatgalii w okresie międzywojennym w pamięci indywidualnej i zbiorowej. W odczuciu respondentów lata 20. i 30. XX wieku były okresem dominacji języka łotewskiego w sferze publicznej (wojsku, administracji, oświacie, oficjalnym nazewnictwie). Ich zdaniem, służba wojskowa i nauka w łotewskich szkołach przyczyniały się do wzrostu stopnia znajomości języka łotewskiego wśrod mniejszości narodowych. Z drugiej zaś strony, w tym samym okresie Polacy i Białorusini mieli dostęp do edukacji w języku ojczystym. Pomimo tego, że omawiane narracje oddają zbiorowe opinie na temat lat międzywojennych i ich atmosferę, każda z nich jest jedyna w swoim rodzaju, zawiera bowiem konkretne szczegóły przywoływane przez respondentów (uczestników wydarzeń lub ich potomków) i ich osobiste odczucia. Badane osoby wyrobiły sobie stereotypowy obraz omawianego okresu, zgodnie z którym zachodził bezpośredni związek pomiędzy stopniem znajomości języka łotewskiego a uczestnictwem w określonych sferach życia publicznego.