bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valstybės skolos rodiklių ir skolos įtakos ekonomikai tyrimas Lietuvoje
Authors: Barkauskaitė Aida , Šimkus Antanas 
Published: July 2019

Valstybės skolinimasis tampa svarbiu aspektu, kai šalis susiduria su finansinių išteklių trūkumu. Valstybės skolos ypatumus, jos naudą ir įtaką šalies ekonomikai nagrinėjo daugelis autorių: E. Buškevičiūtė, (2008), F. M. Martin (2009), Ž. Karazijienė ir A. Sabonienė (2009), H. S. Rosen ir T. Gayer (2010), M. Kumar bei J. Woo (2010) ir kiti, tačiau mokslinės literatūros, nagrinėjančios valstybės skolos rodiklių kitimą ir jų įtaką Lietuvos ekonomikai, yra nedaug. Didėjančios išlaidos valstybės skolų aptarnavimui neišvengiamai sukelia didesnį šalies surenkamų pajamų poreikį, kuris tiek gyventojams, tiek verslo subjektams gali pasireikšti mokesčių didinimu ar kitais neigiamais ekonominiais veiksniais.
Straipsnio tikslas – nustatyti Lietuvos valstybės skolos rodiklių kitimo tendencijas ir skolos įtaką Lietuvos ekonomikai. Tyrimo metodai: sisteminė mokslinės literatūros analizė, koreliacinė analizė, lyginamoji ir grafinė analizės. Lietuvos valdžios sektoriaus sumokėtų palūkanų apimtys 2006–2012 m. turėjo tendenciją augti. Teigiamai galima vertinti tik 2013 m., kai sumokėtų palūkanų apimtys Lietuvoje sumažėjo 6,1 proc. Didžioji dalis apskaičiuotų valstybės skolos rodiklių – sumokėtos palūkanos, valstybės skolos ir BVP santykis, biudžeto išlaidų santykis ir kt. – per nagrinėjamą laikotarpį išaugo, o valstybės skolos ir BVP santykis padidėjo daugiau nei du kartus. Tačiau paskutiniais nagrinėjamais 2013 m. valstybės skolos rodikliai Lietuvoje turėjo tendenciją mažėti, lyginant su 2012 m. duomenimis. Lietuvos valstybės skolos įtakos ekonomikai tyrimas parodė, jog nustatyta reikšminga koreliacija tarp valstybės skolos ir šalies BVP, tarp nedarbo lygio ir indėlių sumos buvo nustatyta stipri teigiama koreliacija. Tačiau tarp valstybės skolos ir infliacijos statistiškai reikšmingo tiesinio ryšio nebuvo rasta. Suvokiant valstybės skolos svarbą, priimant sprendimus, susijusius su valstybės skolinimusi, reikia atidžiai įvertinti ir tai, kokią įtaką šie sprendimai gali padaryti visos šalies ekonomikai ir gyventojams.
Expression and Solution NMR Study of Multi-site Phosphomimetic Mutant BCL-2 Protein
Authors: Song Ting , Cao Keke , Fan Yu dan , Zhang Zhichao , Guo Zong W. , Zhang Min H. , Liu Peng 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The significance of multi-site phosphorylation of BCL-2 protein in the
flexible loop domain remains controversial, in part due to the lack of structural biology studies of
phosphorylated BCL-2.

Objective:
The purpose of the study is to explore the phosphorylation induced structural changes of
BCL-2 protein.

Methods:
We constructed a phosphomietic mutant BCL-2(62-206) (t69e, s70e and s87e) (EEEBCL-
2-EK (62-206)), in which the BH4 domain and the part of loop region was truncated (residues
2-61) to enable a backbone resonance assignment. The phosphorylation-induced structural change
was visualized by overlapping a well dispersed 15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence
(HSQC) NMR spectroscopy between EEE-BCL-2-EK (62-206) and BCL-2.

Results:
The EEE-BCL-2-EK (62-206) protein reproduced the biochemical and cellular activity of
the native phosphorylated BCL-2 (pBCL-2), which was distinct from non-phosphorylated BCL-2
(npBCL-2) protein. Some residues in BH3 binding groove occurred chemical shift in the EEEBCL-
2-EK (62-206) spectrum, indicating that the phosphorylation in the loop region induces a
structural change of active site.

Conclusion:
The phosphorylation of BCL-2 induced structural change in BH3 binding groove.
Structure - Function Analysis of Peptide Analogs of SQSPA with Respect to α-glucosidase and α-amylase Inhibition
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed A. , Serem June C. , Bester Megan J. , Neitz Albert W. , Gaspar Anabella R.M. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Peptide-based therapeutics offer a unique avenue for the development of
novel agents for the treatment of diabetes mellitus including α-glucosidase inhibitors. The peptide,
SQSPA, was reported to possess to α -glucosidase inhibitory activity in addition to resistance to
Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) digestion.

Methods:
In this study, the in silico and in vitro structure-activity analyses of the peptide was conducted
using alanine scanning to identify key amino acid residues.

Results:
The alanine scanning led to four analogs viz; AQSPA, SASPA, SQAPA and SQSAA
which were GIT stable. Initially, the peptides were subjected to molecular docking on human α-
glucosidase and α -amylase where the binding affinities to the enzymes were in the order;
AQSPA>SASPA>SQSPA>SQAPA> SQSAA and AQSPA>SQSAA>SASPA>SQSPA> SQAPA,
respectively. Hydrogen bond were important for the binding of all peptides but SASPA and
AQSPA had the highest hydrogen bonds interactions with the α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively.
In vitro analysis revealed that the α -glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the
peptides were in the order AQSPA>SQSPA>SQAPA>SASPA>SQSAA and AQSPA>SASPA>
SQAPA>SQSPA>SQSAA, respectively. Using inhibition kinetics, SQSPA was a mixed inhibitor
of α-glucosidase while AQSPA, SQAPA and SQSAA showed non-competitive inhibition. For α-
amylase inhibition, SQSPA was a non-competitive inhibitor while AQSPA and SQSAA were
mixed inhibitors; SASPA and SQAPA showed uncompetitive inhibition.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that P4 and Q2 are important requirements for the α-glucosidase
and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the parent peptide, SQSPA. Furthermore, alanine scanning
has led to the design of a novel α-glucosidase inhibitory peptide, AQSPA, with increased activities.
Human Epididymis Protein 4 Quantification and Interaction Network Analysis in Seminal Plasma
Authors: Kant Krishna , Tomar Anil K. , Sharma Pankaj , Kundu Bishwajit , Singh Sarman , Yadav Savita 
Published: July 2019

Background:
A well-known tissue marker of ovarian cancer, Human Epididymis protein
4 (HE4) is the member of whey acidic four-disulfide core proteins family. Purified from human
seminal plasma and characterized as a cross-class protease inhibitor, HE4 was proposed to shield
spermatozoa against proteolytic factors. However, its exact biological function is unknown. Proteins
usually function in conjunction with other proteins in the system and thus, identification and
analysis of protein networks become essential to decode protein functions.

Objective:
This study was performed to explore possible role(s) of HE4 in reproductive physiology
via identification of its interactome in human seminal plasma.

Methods:
HE4 binding proteins were identified through co-immunoprecipitation and MALDITOF/
MS analysis. Also, HE4 was quantified by ELISA in fertile and infertile human seminal
plasma samples.

Results:
Ten HE4 binding proteins were identified, viz. protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit
21, protein kinase CLK3, Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein36A, prostatic acid phosphatase,
KIF5C, Spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope 1, isoform CRAf, tropomyosin 4, vezatin,
utrophin and fibronectin1. This interaction network suggests that HE4 plays multiple roles,
specifically in capacitation, sperm motility and maturation. Further, HE4 concentration in human
seminal plasma samples was determined by Elisa. Higher HE4 expression in normozoospermia
compared to azoospermia and asthenozoospermia affirms its importance in fertilization.

Conclusion:
Based on identified interactome, it is plausible that HE4 plays a crucial role in fertilization,
specifically in sperm maturation, motility and capacitation.
Opioid Free Anaesthesia and Cancer
Authors: Malo-Manso Alfredo , Raigon-Ponferrada Aida , Diaz-Crespo Julia , Escalona-Belmonte Juan J. , Cruz-Mañas Jose , Guerrero-Orriach Jose L. 
Published: July 2019

:
Opioid-free anesthesia is revolutionizing anesthetic practices for its potential benefits in selected patients.
Opioid-free anesthesia represents a step forward in anesthetic practice as it has been suggested to provide
potential clinical benefits for selected patients. Opioid-free anesthesia spares the use of opioids and involves the
administration of multiple adjuvant anesthetics, which may have an impact on cancer progression. All this have
added to the growing interest in the immune response to anesthetics, making opioid-free anesthesia a promising
avenue for future research.

:
Assessing the role of anesthetics in immunomodulation in the surgical setting is challenging, and results are often
contradictory. Indeed, there is a scarcity of data of studies on humans, which hinder the interpretation of results.
However, promising evidence has been published that cancer progression can be delayed by the administration of
specific anesthetic agents.
Rationale and Design of the CAN Study: an RCT of Survival after Propofol- or Sevoflurane-based Anesthesia for Cancer Surgery
Authors: Enlund Mats , Enlund Anna , Berglund Anders , Bergkvist Leif 
Published: July 2019

Background:Based on animal data only, some clinicians have adopted propofol-based anesthesia for cancer surgery with the aim of increased survival.Objective:Our objective is to verify or refute the hypothesis that survival increases after cancer surgery with propofol compared with sevoflurane for anesthesia maintenance. This aim deserves a large-scale randomized study. The primary hypothesis is an absolute increase of minimum 5%-units in 1- and 5-year survival with propofol- based anesthesia for breast or colorectal cancer after radical surgery, compared with sevoflurane-based anesthesia.Method:Ethics and medical agency approvals were received and pre-study registrations at clinicaltrial.gov and EudraCT were made for our now ongoing prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter study. A power analysis based on a retrospective study, including a safety margin for drop outs, resulted in a total requirement of 8,000 patients. The initial inclusion period constituted a feasibility phase with an emphasis on the functionality of the infrastructure at the contributing centers and at the monitoring organization, as well as on protocol adherence.Conclusion:The infrastructure and organization work smoothly at the different contributing centers. Protocol adherence is good, and the monitors are satisfied. We expect this trial to be able to either verify or refute that propofol is better than sevoflurane for cancer surgery.
Is There Something Fishy About Fish Oil?
Authors: Šunderić Miloš , Robajac Dragana , Gligorijević Nikola , Miljuš Goran , Nedić Olgica , Smilkov Katarina , Ackova Darinka Gjorgieva , Rudić-Grujić Vesna , Penezić Ana 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Fish is consumed as food worldwide and is considered as a rich source of essential nutrients
required for a healthy life. Supplementation with fish oil has been adopted as a solution to prevent or cure
many pathophysiological states and diseases by both the professionals and the civil population. The beneficial
effects are, however, being questioned, as some controversial results were obtained in clinical and population
studies.

Methods:
Critical evaluation of studies regarding known effects of fish oil, both in favour of its consumption and
related controversies.

Results:
From the literature review, contradictory allegations about the positive action of the fish oil on human
health emerged, so that a clear line about its beneficial effect cannot be withdrawn.

Conclusion:
Scientific results on the application of fish oil should be taken with caution as there is still no standardised
approach in testing its effects and there are significantly different baselines in respect to nutritional and
other lifestyle habits of different populations.
Vitamin D: A Micronutrient Regulating Genes
Authors: Carlberg Carsten 
Published: July 2019

Background:At sufficient sun exposure, humans can synthesize vitamin D3 endogenously in their skin, but today’s lifestyle makes the secosteroid a true vitamin that needs to be taken up by diet or supplementation with pills. The vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts as a nuclear hormone activating the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR).Methods:This review discusses the biological effects of micronutrient vitamin D ranging from calcium homeostasis and bone formation to the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity.Results:Since normal human diet is sufficient in vitamin D, the need for efficient vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin acts as an evolutionary driver for its lightening during the migration out of Africa towards North. Via activating the VDR, vitamin D has direct effects on the epigenome and the expression of more than 1000 genes in most human tissues and cell types.Conclusion:The pleiotropic action of vitamin D in health and disease prevention is explained through complex gene regulatory events of the transcription factor VDR.
Association of SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 Genetic Variants with Atorvastatin-induced Myopathy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhang Limin , Lv Hong , Zhang Qian , Wang Dongzhi , Kang Xixiong , Zhang Guojun , Li Xingang 
Published: July 2019

Background:Certain patients experience muscle-related adverse effects after taking atorvastatin. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence of statin-induced myopathy.Aim:We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with statin-induced myotoxicity.Methods:We prospectively enrolled 1,102 acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent atorvastatin treatment for the first time after admission. Patients were separated into case and control groups after a follow-up of 3 months. We used a biochemical definition of myopathy consisting of serum creatine kinase values more than ten times the upper limit of normal for the reference laboratory (150 U/L). Fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from seven genes of ABCB1, CoQ2, HTR3B, RYR2, CYP3A5, HTR7 and SLCO1B1 were selected and genotyped. The effects of genetic polymorphisms on myopathy were observed.Results:61 cases and 110 controls were recruited in the study. Compared with the controls, the cases had a significant higher mutant frequency of the allele A (ABCB1, rs2373588) (OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.10-3.67, P = 0.001) and a significant lower mutant frequency of the allele A (SLCO1B1, rs976754) (OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.12-3.03, P = 0.042). Genotypes or alleles of the other SNPs had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Our findings reveal that SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 genetic variants are associated with statin-induced myopathy. These are valuable biomarkers for the evaluation of atorvastatin safety.
An Overview on Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Seetharaman Rajasekar , Mahmood Anjum , Kshatriya Prashant , Patel Divyang , Srivastava Anand 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Deteriorations in tissues and decline in organ functions, due to chronic diseases or with
advancing age or sometimes due to infections or injuries, can severely compromise the quality of life of an individual.
Regenerative medicine, a field of medical research focuses on replacing non-functional or dead cells or
repairing or regenerating tissues and organs to restore normal functions of an impaired organ. Approaches used in
regenerative therapy for achieving the objective employ a number of means which include soluble biomolecules,
stem cell transplants, tissue engineering, gene therapy and reprogramming of cells according to target tissue
types. Stem cells transplant and tissue regeneration methods for treating various diseases have rapidly grown in
usage over the past decades or so. There are different types of stem cells such as mesenchymal, hematopoietic,
embryonic, mammary, intestinal, endothelial, neural, olfactory, neural crest, testicular and induced pluripotent
stem cells.

Methods:
This review covers the recent advances in tissue regeneration and highlights the application of stem cell
transplants in treating many life-threatening diseases or in improving quality of life.

Results:
Remarkable progress in stem cell research has established that the cell-based therapy could be an option
for treating diseases which could not be cured by conventional medical means till recent. Stem cells play major
roles in regenerative medicine with its exceptional characteristics of self-renewal capacity and potential to differentiate
into almost all types of cells of a body.

Conclusion:
Vast number of reports on preclinical and clinical application of stem cells revealed its vital role in
disease management and many pharmacological industries around the globe working to achieve effective stem
cell based products.
A Novel Series of N-aryltriazole and N-acridinyltriazole Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Rono Charles K. , Darkwa James , Meyer Debra , Makhubela Banothile C.E. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Triazoles are a class of aza-heterocycles with broad spectrum of biological
importance. The synthetic tunability of the triazole moiety allows for the development of new pharmacophores
with applications as drugs to contend with the burden of cancer.

Objective:
In this study, we aimed to develop a series of N-aryltriazole and N-acridinyltriazole molecular
hybrids and evaluate their potential as anticancer agents.

Methods:
The triazole derivatives (1-10) were synthesized via a tandem nucleophilic substitution of aryl
chlorides with sodium azide followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the resulting organic azides with
terminal/internal alkynes. From terminal alkynes, the well established copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkynes 1,3-
dipolar cycloaddition, a premier example of click chemistry, was employed to access the 1,4-regioisomers of
N-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles and N-acridynyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles. All the compounds thus synthesized were
characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry.

Results:
Thermally controlled 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was used to deliver N-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles with
1,4,5-substitution on the triazole framework. The unprecedented high regioselectivity promoted by the
sterically-strained silylated 1,4,5-trisubstituted moiety 4a offers a useful synthetic precursor with the silyl
group being a synthetic handle for further structural elaboration to the desired 1,(4),5-di(tri)substituted 1,2,3-
triazoles. Notably, anticancer evaluation revealed good cytotoxic activities of the novel acridinyltriazole
hybrids (6-10) at micromolar concentrations in the range of 12.5 µM–100 µM against cervical cancer HeLa,
kidney cancer HEK293, lung cancer A549 and leukemic MT4 cancer cell lines (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
A series of novel triazole-based acridine hybrids have been developed as potential leads for the
development of multifaceted anticancer agents.
An Intensity Variation Pattern Analysis Based Machine Learning Classifier for MRI Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Murugesan Muthalakshmi , Ragavan Dhanasekaran 
Published: July 2019

Background:
An accurate detection of tumor from the Magnetic Resonance Images
(MRIs) is a critical and demanding task in medical image processing, due to the varying shape and
structure of brain. So, different segmentation approaches such as manual, semi-automatic, and fully
automatic are developed in the traditional works. Among them, the fully automatic segmentation
techniques are increasingly used by the medical experts for an efficient disease diagnosis. But, it
has the limitations of over segmentation, increased complexity, and time consumption.

Objective:
In order to solve these problems, this paper aims to develop an efficient segmentation
and classification system by incorporating a novel image processing techniques.

Methods:
Here, the Distribution based Adaptive Median Filtering (DMAF) technique is employed
for preprocessing the image. Then, skull removal is performed to extract the tumor portion from
the filtered image. Further, the Neighborhood Differential Edge Detection (NDED) technique is
implemented to cluster the tumor affected pixels, and it is segmented by the use of Intensity Variation
Pattern Analysis (IVPA) technique. Finally, the normal and abnormal images are classified by
using the Weighted Machine Learning (WML) technique.

Results:
During experiments, the results of the existing and proposed segmentation and classification
techniques are evaluated based on different performance measures. To prove the superiority of
the proposed technique, it is compared with the existing techniques.

Conclusion:
From the analysis, it is observed that the proposed IVPA-WML techniques provide
the better results compared than the existing techniques.
Detecting Brain Tumor using Machines Learning Techniques Based on Different Features Extracting Strategies
Authors: Hussain Lal , Saeed Sharjil , Awan Imtiaz Ahmed , Idris Adnan , Nadeem Malik Sajjad Ahmed , Chaudhry Qurat-ul-Ain 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Brain tumor is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is obvious that the
chances of survival can be increased if the tumor is identified and properly classified at an initial
stage. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is one source of brain tumors detection tool and is extensively
used in the diagnosis of brain to detect blood clots. In the past, many researchers developed
Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems that help the radiologist to detect the abnormalities
in an efficient manner.

Objective:
The aim of this research is to improve the brain tumor detection performance by proposing
a multimodal feature extracting strategy and employing machine learning techniques.

Methods:
In this study, we extracted multimodal features such as texture, morphological, entropybased,
Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), and Elliptic Fourier Descriptors (EFDs) from
brain tumor imaging database. The tumor was detected using robust machine learning techniques
such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) with kernels: polynomial, Radial Base Function (RBF),
Gaussian; Decision Tree (DT), and Naïve Bayes. Most commonly used Jack-knife 10-fold Cross-
Validation (CV) was used for testing and validation of dataset.

Results:
The performance was evaluated in terms of specificity, sensitivity, Positive Predictive
Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), False Positive Rate (FPR), Total Accuracy (TA),
Area under the receiver operating Curve (AUC), and P-value. The highest performance of 100% in
terms of Specificity, Sensitivity, PPV, NPV, TA, AUC using Naïve Bayes classifiers based on entropy,
morphological, SIFT and texture features followed by Decision Tree classifier with texture
features (TA=97.81%, AUC=1.0) and SVM polynomial kernel with texture features (TA=94.63%).
The highest significant p-value was obtained using SVM polynomial with texture features (P-value
2.65e-104) followed by SVM RB with texture features (P-value 1.96e-98).

Conclusion:
The results reveal that Naïve Bayes followed by Decision Tree gives highest detection
accuracy based on entropy, morphological, SIFT and texture features.