bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevation of Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer after hepatectomy is associated with post‐hepatectomy liver failure, total Pringle time, and renal dysfunction
Authors: Imai Daisuke , Maeda Takashi , Wang Huanlin , Sanefuji Kensaku , Kayashima Hiroto , Yoshiya Shohei , Takeishi Kazuki , Itoh Shinji , Harada Noboru , Ikegami Toru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Mori Masaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) is a novel serum glycomarker used to assess liver fibrosis. However, it has been reported that M2BPGi is likely to reflect other factors not limited to liver fibrosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 79 patients with liver tumors who underwent liver resection. M2BPGi was measured within 1 week before operation and almost 1 month after operation. We introduced a value termed the “ΔM2BPGi ratio” (=M2BPGiafter operation/M2BPGibefore operation), and analyzed factors that influenced the ΔM2BPGi ratio.ResultsThe median value of the ΔM2BPGi ratio was 1.28 (range, 0.36‐5.68). In 64 patients (81.0%), the cutoff index values of M2BPGi were elevated approximately 1 month after operation, especially in patients who experienced post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). Multiple linear regression showed total Pringle time, PHLF grade ≥B, and preoperative value of creatinine were significant predictors of the ΔM2BPGi ratio. The mean values of the ΔM2BPGi ratio were 1.37 ± 0.07, 1.52 ± 0.22, and 2.94 ± 0.30 for PHLF grade 0, grade A, and grade B, respectively, resulting in statistically significant differences by the Kruskal‐Wallis test (P = 0.022).ConclusionsTotal Pringle time, PHLF grade ≥B, and preoperative creatinine significantly influenced the elevation of M2BPGi almost 1 month after liver resection. This study strongly affirms the previous suggestion that M2BPGi is likely to reflect other factors not limited to liver fibrosis.
Impacts of soil nitrogen and phosphorus levels on cytotype performance of the circumboreal herbChamerion angustifolium: implications for polyploid establishment
Authors: Walczyk Angela M. , Hersch‐Green Erika I. 
Published: July 2019

PremiseAlthough polyploidy commonly occurs in angiosperms, not all polyploidization events lead to successful lineages, and environmental conditions could influence cytotype dynamics and polyploid success. Low soil nitrogen and/or phosphorus concentrations often limit ecosystem primary productivity, and changes in these nutrients might differentially favor some cytotypes over others, thereby influencing polyploid establishment.MethodsWe grew diploid, established tetraploid, and neotetraploidChamerion angustifolium(fireweed) in a greenhouse under low and high soil nitrogen and phosphorus conditions and different competition treatments and measured plant performance (height, biomass, flower production, and root bud production) and insect damage responses. By comparing neotetraploids to established tetraploids, we were able to examine traits and responses that might directly arise from polyploidization before they are modified by natural selection and/or genetic drift.ResultsWe found that (1) neopolyploids were the least likely to survive and flower and experienced the most herbivore damage, regardless of nutrient conditions; (2) both neo‐ and established tetraploids had greater biomass and root bud production under nutrient‐enriched conditions, whereas diploid biomass and root bud production was not significantly affected by nutrients; and (3) intra‐cytotype competition more negatively affected diploids and established tetraploids than it did neotetraploids.ConclusionsFollowing polyploidization, biomass and clonal growth might be more immediately affected by environmental nutrient availabilities than plant survival, flowering, and/or responses to herbivory, which could influence competitive dynamics. Specifically, polyploids might have competitive and colonizing advantages over diploids under nutrient‐enriched conditions favoring their establishment, although establishment may also depend upon the density and occurrences of other related cytotypes in a population.
International multidisciplinary collaboration toward an annotated definition of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Authors: Dahan‐Oliel Noémi , Cachecho Sarah , Barnes Douglas , Bedard Tanya , Davison Ann M. , Dieterich Klaus , Donohoe Maureen , Fąfara Alicja , Hamdy Reggie , Hjartarson Helgi T. , S. Hoffman Naimisha , Kimber Eva , Komolkin Igor , Lester Ruth , Pontén Eva , van Bosse Harold J. P. , Hall Judith G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) has been described and defined in thousands of articles, but the terminology used has been inconsistent in clinical and research communities. A definition of AMC was recently developed using a modified Delphi consensus method involving 25 experts in the field of AMC from 8 countries. Participants included health care professionals, researchers, and individuals with AMC. An annotation of the definition provides more in‐depth explanations of the different sentences of the AMC definition and is useful to complement the proposed definition. The aim of this study was to provide an annotation of the proposed consensus‐based AMC definition. For the annotation process, 17 experts in AMC representing 10 disciplines across 7 countries participated. A paragraph was developed for each sentence of the definition using an iterative process involving multiple authors with varied and complementary expertise, ensuring all points of view were taken into consideration. The annotated definition provides an overview of the different topics related to AMC and is intended for all stakeholders, including youth and adults with AMC, their families, and clinicians and researchers, with the hopes of unifying the understanding of AMC in the international community.
Nutritional status of Ugandan school‐children: The effect of age imprecision
Authors: Comandini Ornella , Cabras Stefano , Ssensamba Jude T. , Bukenya Justine N. , Cipriano Alessandro , Carmignani Giovanni , Carmignani Gabriele , Marini Elisabetta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the nutritional status of Ugandan school‐children in a cross‐sectional and longitudinal perspective, considering the effect of age imprecision.Materials and methodsAnthropometric measurements of 831 school‐children (381 males and 450 females) were analyzed. A subsample of 246 children was measured in July 2014 and 2015. Stunting (based on height‐for‐age Z‐scores), underweight (weight‐for‐age), and thinness (body mass index‐for‐age) prevalence were calculated. Three different ages were used: declared (from schools registers), attributed (based on multiple information sources), and bootstrap (from 10,000 replicates). Significant differences among malnutrition prevalence calculated with different ages and in different groups were assessed by means of bootstrap analysis. Longitudinal analysis was conducted using a paired t test.ResultsThe mean prevalence of malnutrition calculated with declared, attributed, or bootstrap ages were very similar: stunting (11.9–12.7); underweight (5.4–5.9); thinness (3.3–3.7); and obesity (0.7). Undernutrition was more prevalent among older children, while obesity was mostly associated with young age. Obesity was equally distributed among sexes, while undernutrition was more prevalent among females of up to 10 years of age and males above 10 years.The longitudinal analysis indicated a reduction in underweight and thinness, and an increase in stunting, especially among older children.DiscussionAge imprecision did not significantly affect malnutrition estimates. Despite the decline in the prevalence of thinness and underweight observed over a 1‐year period, undernutrition persists, with an observed rise in stunting. On the other hand, obesity is starting to appear. Public health efforts are required to eliminate stunting and address the emerging burden of obesity.
Strigolactone: Pflanzenhormone mit vielversprechenden Eigenschaften
Authors: Bouwmeester Harro J. , Fonne‐Pfister Raymonde , Screpanti Claudio , De Mesmaeker Alain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVor einigen Jahren, und damit fast 80 Jahre nach der Entdeckung des ersten Pflanzenhormons Auxin, wurde eine neue Klasse von Pflanzenhormonen – die Strigolactone – entdeckt. Diese Moleküle zeigen eine einzigartige biologische Aktivität in zahlreichen wichtigen biologischen Prozessen der Pflanzen, aber auch außerhalb von Pflanzen, nämlich in der Rhizosphäre, einer Erdschicht, die die Wurzeln umgibt und von Lebewesen wimmelt. Die Nutzung dieser erstaunlichen biologischen Aktivität ist nicht ohne Herausforderungen: Die Biosynthese von Strigolactonen ist kompliziert, und es ist schwierig, die erwünschte Aktivität zu konzipieren. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt den heutigen Stand der Wissenschaft im Bereich der Strigolactone und diskutiert, wie funktionelle Analoga entwickelt werden können, die möglicherweise zu einer nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft beitragen.
Regioselektive Funktionalisierung von [2.2]Paracyclophanen: aktuelle Synthesefortschritte und Perspektiven
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Spuling Eduard , Knoll Daniel M. , Bräse Stefan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract[2.2]Paracyclophan (PCP) ist ein häufig genutztes Grundgerüst in der asymmetrischen Synthese, in π‐gestapelten Polymeren, in Energiematerialien sowie in funktionellen Parylenbeschichtungen, die breite Anwendung in der Biologie und den Materialwissenschaften finden. Die [2.2]Paracyclophanchemie hat in den letzten Jahren enorme Fortschritte gemacht, sodass nun eine genaue präparative Abstimmung der strukturellen und funktionellen Eigenschaften möglich ist. Dieser Kurzaufsatz zeigt die wichtigsten aktuellen Syntheseentwicklungen bei der selektiven Funktionalisierung von PCP auf, die die besonderen Merkmale der planaren Chiralität sowie der chiroptischen und optoelektronischen Eigenschaften bestimmen. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei dem funktionsorientierten Design von [2.2]Paracyclophan‐basierten, π‐gestapelten, konjugierten Materialien mithilfe übergangsmetallkatalysierter Kreuzkupplungen. Zudem werden aktuelle präparative Herausforderungen, Grenzen und zukünftige Forschungsfelder sowie neue Wege zur Weiterentwicklung der Cyclophanchemie zusammengefasst.
Switching on the Photocatalysis of Metal–Organic Frameworks by Engineering Structural Defects
Authors: Ma Xing , Wang Li , Zhang Qun , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDefect engineering is a versatile approach to modulate band and electronic structures as well as materials performance. Herein, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring controlled structural defects, namely UiO‐66‐NH2‐X (X represents the molar equivalents of the modulator, acetic acid, with respect to the linker in synthesis), were synthesized to systematically investigate the effect of structural defects on photocatalytic properties. Remarkably, structural defects in MOFs are able to switch on the photocatalysis. The photocatalytic H2 production rate presents a volcano‐type trend with increasing structural defects, where Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2‐100 exhibits the highest activity. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy unveils that UiO‐66‐NH2‐100 with moderate structural defects possesses the fastest relaxation kinetics and the highest charge separation efficiency, while excessive defects retard the relaxation and reduce charge separation efficiency.
Strigolactones: Plant Hormones with Promising Features
Authors: Bouwmeester Harro J. , Fonne‐Pfister Raymonde , Screpanti Claudio , De Mesmaeker Alain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlmost 80 years after the discovery of the first plant hormone, auxin, a few years ago a new class of plant hormones, the strigolactones, was discovered. These molecules have unprecedented biological activity in a number of highly important biological processes in plants but also outside the plant in the rhizosphere, the layer of soil surrounding the roots of plants and teeming with life. The exploitation of this amazing biological activity is not without challenges: the synthesis of strigolactones is complicated and designing the desired activity a difficult task. This minireview describes the current state of knowledge about the strigolactones and how synthetic analogs can be developed that can potentially contribute to the development of a sustainable agriculture.
Regioselective Functionalization of [2.2]Paracyclophanes: Recent Synthetic Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Spuling Eduard , Knoll Daniel M. , Bräse Stefan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract[2.2]Paracyclophane (PCP) is a prevalent scaffold that is widely utilized in asymmetric synthesis, π‐stacked polymers, energy materials, and functional parylene coatings that finds broad applications in bio‐ and materials science. In the last few years, [2.2]paracyclophane chemistry has progressed tremendously, enabling the fine‐tuning of its structural and functional properties. This Minireview highlights the most important recent synthetic developments in the selective functionalization of PCP that govern distinct features of planar chirality as well as chiroptical and optoelectronic properties. Special focus is given to the function‐inspired design of [2.2]paracyclophane‐based π‐stacked conjugated materials by transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. Current synthetic challenges, limitations, as well as future research directions and new avenues for advancing cyclophane chemistry are also summarized.
Quantification of Active Sites and Elucidation of the Reaction Mechanism of the Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on Vanadium Nitride
Authors: Yang Xuan , Kattel Shyam , Nash Jared , Chang Xiaoxia , Lee Ji Hoon , Yan Yushan , Chen Jingguang G. , Xu Bingjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite recent intense interest in the development of catalysts for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR), mechanistic understanding and catalyst design principles remain lacking. In this work, we develop a strategy to determine the density of initial and steady‐state active sites on ENRR catalysts that follow the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism via quantitative isotope‐exchange experiments. This method allows the comparison of intrinsic activities of active sites and facilitates the identification and improvement of active‐site structures for ENRR. Combined with detailed density functional theory calculations, we show that the rate‐limiting step in the ENRR is likely the initial N≡N bond activation via the addition of a proton and an electron to the adsorbed N2 on the N vacancies to form N2H. The methodology developed and mechanistic insights gained in this work could guide the rational catalyst design in the ENRR.
Stabilization of [WF5]+ by Bidentate N‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Turnbull Douglas , Wetmore Stacey D. , Gerken Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransition‐metal hexafluorides do not exhibit fluoride‐ion donor properties in the absence of donor ligands. We report the first synthesis of donor‐stabilized [MF5]+ derived from a transition‐metal hexafluoride via fluoride‐ion abstraction using WF6(L) (L=2,2′‐bipy, 1,10‐phen) and SbF5(OSO) in SO2. The [WF5(L)][Sb2F11] salts and [WF5(1,10‐phen)][SbF6]⋅SO2 have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography, Raman spectroscopy, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of WF6(2,2′‐bipy) with an equimolar amount of SbF5(OSO) reveals an equilibrium between [WF5(2,2′‐bipy)]+ and the [WF4(2,2′‐bipy)2]2+ dication, as determined by 19F NMR spectroscopy. The geometries of the cations in the solid state are reproduced by gas‐phase geometry optimizations (DFT‐B3LYP), and NBO analyses reveal that the positive charges of the cations are stabilized primarily by compensatory σ‐electron donation from the N‐donor ligands.
Macroscale Chemotaxis from a Swarm of Bacteria‐Mimicking Nanoswimmers
Authors: Ji Yuxing , Lin Xiankun , Wu Zhiguang , Wu Yingjie , Gao Wei , He Qiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInspired by the dynamics of bacterial swarming, we report a swarm of polymer‐brush‐grafted, glucose‐oxidase‐powered Janus gold nanoswimmers with a positive, macroscale chemotactic behavior. These nanoswimmers are prepared through the grafting of polymer brushes onto one side of gold nanoparticles, followed by functionalization with glucose oxidase on the other side. The resulting polymer‐brush‐functionalized Janus gold nanoswimmers exhibit efficient propulsion with a velocity of up to approximately 120 body lengths s−1 in the presence of glucose. The comparative analysis of their kinematic behavior reveals that the grafted polymer brushes significantly improve the translational diffusion of Janus gold nanoswimmers. Particularly, these bacteria‐mimicking Janus gold nanoswimmers display a collectively chemotactic motion along the concentration gradient of a glucose resource, which could be observed at the macroscale.
Reliable phase‐change polyurethane crosslinked by dynamic ionic‐bond crosslinking for thermal energy storage
Authors: Yuan Anqian , Wang Yi , Zhao Yuanyang , Liu Qingfeng , Lei Jingxin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe fabrication of phase‐change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage is of great significance, since they combine the sustainable development of energy and human comfortable. Herein, a dynamically crosslinked PCM was successfully fabricated by the blending of complementary polyurethanes bearing carboxylic acid and tertiary amine through reversible ionic bonds via the acid–base reaction. The resultant PCM exhibited good crystalline property, which was confirmed by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and polarizing optical microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry characterizations suggested that the prepared PCMs could reversibly store and release latent heat during heating and cooling process. The presence of physical crosslinks in PCM could maintain shape stable and had no deteriorate effect on the value of latent heat. Therefore, a high latent heat of 70 J/g was obtained within the temperature range of 13.2–45.4 °C. This good thermal storage ability remained constant even after 100 consecutive heating/cooling cycles. Thermogravimetric analysis results provided distinct evidence that the prepared PCM has an outstanding thermal stability with the onset decomposition temperature higher than 250 °C. The combined thermal storage ability and thermal reliability endow the PCM promising application as solar energy storage, waste heat utilization, and thermal protection coatings or adhesives. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48213.
Sequence characteristics responsible for protein‐protein interactions in the intrinsically disordered regions of caseins, amelogenins, and small heat‐shock proteins
Authors: Holt Carl , Raynes Jared K. , Carver John A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMilk caseins and dental amelogenins are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that associate with themselves and others. Paradoxically, they are also described as hydrophobic proteins, which is difficult to reconcile with a solvent‐exposed conformation. We attempt to resolve this paradox. We show that caseins and amelogenins are not hydrophobic proteins but they are more hydrophobic than most IDPs. Remarkably, uncharged residues from different regions of these mature proteins have a nearly constant average hydropathy but these regions exhibit different charged residue frequencies. A novel sequence analysis method was developed to identify hydrophobic and order‐promoting regions that would favor conformational collapse. We found that such regions were uncommon; most hydrophobic and order‐promoting residues were adjacent to hydrophilic or disorder‐promoting residues. A further reason why caseins and amelogenins do not collapse is their high proportion of disorder‐promoting proline residues. We conclude that in these proteins the hydrophobic effect is not large enough to cause conformational collapse but it can contribute, along with polar interactions, to protein‐protein interactions. This behaviour is similar to the interaction of the disordered N‐terminal region of small heat‐shock proteins with either themselves during oligomer formation or other, unfolding, proteins during chaperone action.
Optical clearing methods: An overview of the techniques used for the imaging of 3D spheroids
Authors: Costa Elisabete C. , Silva Daniel N. , Moreira André F. , Correia Ilídio J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpheroids have emerged as in vitro models that reproduce in a great extent the architectural microenvironment found in human tissues. However, the imaging of 3D cell cultures is highly challenging due to its high thickness, which results in a light‐scattering phenomenon that limits light penetration. Therefore, several optical clearing methods, widely used in the imaging of animal tissues, have been recently explored to render spheroids with enhanced transparency. These methods are aimed to homogenize the microtissue refractive index (RI) and can be grouped into four different categories, namely (a) simple immersion in an aqueous solution with high RI; (b) delipidation and dehydration followed by RI matching; (c) delipidation and hyperhydration followed by RI matching; and (d) hydrogel embedding followed by delipidation and RI matching. In this review, the main optical clearing methods, their mechanism of action, advantages, and disadvantages are described. Furthermore, the practical examples of the optical clearing methods application for the imaging of 3D spheroids are highlighted.
Paper‐based point‐of‐care test with xeno nucleic acid probes
Authors: Hu Jie , Xiao Kang , Jin Birui , Zheng Xuyang , Ji Fanpu , Bai Dan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBridging the unmet need of efficient point‐of‐care testing (POCT) in biomedical engineering research and practice with the emerging development in artificial synthetic xeno nucleic acids (XNAs), this review summarized the recent development in paper‐based POCT using XNAs as sensing probes. Alongside the signal transducing mode and immobilization methods of XNA probes, a detailed evaluation of probe performance was disclosed. With these new aspects, both researchers in synthetic chemistry / biomedical engineering and physicians in clinical practice could gain new insights in designing, manufacturing and choosing suitable reagents and techniques for POCT.
“A definite feel‐it moment”: Embodiment, externalisation and emotion during chair‐work in compassion‐focused therapy
Authors: Bell Tobyn , Montague Jane , Elander James , Gilbert Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChair‐work is an experiential method used within compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) to apply compassion to various aspects of the self. This is the first study of CFT chair‐work and is focused on clients' lived experiences of a chair‐work intervention for self‐criticism. Twelve participants with depression were interviewed following the chair‐work intervention and the resulting data were examined using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified: “embodiment and enactment,” “externalising the self in physical form” and “emotional intensity.” The findings suggest the importance of accessing and expressing various emotions connected with self‐criticism, whilst highlighting the potential for client distress and avoidance during the intervention. The role of embodying, enacting and physically situating aspects of the self in different chairs is also suggested to be an important mechanism of change in CFT chair‐work. The findings are discussed in terms of clinical implications, emphasising how core CFT concepts and practices are facilitated by the chair‐work process.