bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conforto térmico de ovinos da raça Santa Inês confinados com dietas contendo três níveis de inclusão de concentrado
Authors: Borges J. O. , Silva A. P. V. , Carvalho R. A. 
Published: August 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar o conforto térmico de ovinos confinados recebendo dietas com a inclusão de três níveis de concentrado. Foram utilizados 15 animais machos, da raça Santa Inês, peso médio 17±3,32 kg e idades entre 4 meses e 1 ano, recebendo três níveis de inclusão de concentrado (20, 40 e 60%). Foram determinadas as variáveis ambientais (temperatura do ar (TA), temperatura máxima (Tmáx) e mínima (Tmín), umidade relativa do ar (UR) e velocidade do vento (VV)) e os parâmetros fisiológicos (frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e superficial (TS)) às 8:00, 12:00, 14:00 e 17:00 h. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados arranjados em parcelas subdivididas, utilizando análise de regressão para TA, Tmáx, Tmín, UR e VV, contrastes ortogonais para desdobramentos da interações e teste Tukey para análise das médias das variáveis FR, TR e TS. A inclusão de concentrado na dieta de ovinos acima de 20% afetou o conforto térmico dos animais nas condições ambientais apresentadas.
Actitudes y conocimientos acerca de ética en investigación con animales en estudiantes de Medicina Veterinaria en dos universidades en Lima-Perú
Authors: Caballero García Melanie , Espinoza Blanco Juan , Falcón Pérez Néstor 
Published: August 2018

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar las actitudes y conocimientos acerca de ética en investigación con animales en estudiantes del primer al quinto año de medicina veterinaria de dos universidades de Lima. La metodología consistió en la elaboración de un instrumento, encuesta, que fue validada por medio de un grupo de expertos y las pruebas estadísticas requeridas como la V de Aiken, el alfa de Cronbach y análisis factorial, se tuvieron en cuenta todas las consideraciones éticas y fue aprobado por el Comité Institucional de Ética de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. No se encontró diferencias significativas en cuanto a conocimientos de ética en investigación con animales, según género y año de estudio; sin embargo, si se encontró diferencias en estas covariables en actitudes. Se encontró un alto nivel de actitudes positivas, por lo que se propone potenciar dichas actitudes impartiendo conocimientos sobre ética en investigación con animales en la formación académica del médico veterinario.
Concentración de plomo, mercurio y cadmio en músculo de peces y muestras de agua procedentes del Río Santa, Ancash - Perú
Authors: Bertolotti Rivera Flavia , Noé Moccetti Norma 
Published: August 2018

El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la concentración de Pb, Hg y Cd en músculo de peces destinado a consumo humano y de muestras de agua de río en tres localidades (A=Catac, B=Taricá y C=Palmira) de la ciudad de Huaraz (Ancash, Perú). Cinco peces y una muestras de agua en cada localidad fueron analizadas mediante la técnica de Absorción Atómica de Flama. La concentración de Pb en músculos de peces fue 1,826, 0,321 y 0,709 mg/Kg para las zonas A, B y C respectivamente. En el mismo orden, la concentración de Hg fue 0,344, 0,433 y 0,284 mg/Kg y de Cd, 0,001, 0,0 y 0,002 mg/Kg respectivamente. En las tres zonas, las concentraciones de Pb estuvieron por encima de los niveles permitidos por la Comisión Reguladora Europea. La concentración de Pb en muestras de agua fue 0,007, 0,007 y 0,01 mg/L para las zonas A, B y C respectivamente. En el mismo orden, la concentración de Hg fue 0,063, 0,032 y 0,171 mg/L. y de Cd 0,000 mg/L para las tres zonas, respectivamente. En las tres zonas el Hg estuvo por encima de los niveles permitidos por la Agencia de Protección del Medio Ambiente de los Estados Unidos. Se concluye que peces y agua representan potenciales medios de contaminación de personas con metales pesados a partir de la ruta digestiva en esta zona.
Periostin Promotes Fibroblast Migration and Inhibits Muscle Repair After Skeletal Muscle Injury
Authors: Hara Masamitsu , Yokota Kazuya , Saito Takeyuki , Kobayakawa Kazu , Kijima Ken , Yoshizaki Shingo , Okazaki Ken , Yoshida Shigeo , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Harimaya Katsumi , Nakashima Yasuharu , Okada Seiji 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Skeletal muscle injury (SMI) can cause physical disability due to insufficient recovery of the muscle. The development of muscle fibrosis after SMI has been widely regarded as a principal cause of this failure to recover. Periostin (Postn) exacerbates tissue fibrosis in various organs. We investigated whether Postn is involved in the pathophysiology after SMI.

Methods:
Partial laceration injuries of the gastrocnemius were created in wild-type (WT) and Postn knockout (Postn
−/−) mice. We examined the expression of the Postn gene before and after SMI. Regeneration and fibrosis of skeletal muscle were evaluated by histological analyses, and recovery of muscle strength was measured by physiological testing. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the number and proliferative potential of infiltrating fibroblasts in injured muscle. A trans-well migration assay was used to assess the migration capability of fibroblasts. Control immunoglobulin G (IgG) or Postn-neutralizing antibody (Postn-nAb) was injected into injured muscle at 7 and 14 days after injury (dpi). We evaluated the effects of Postn-nAb on muscle repair after SMI.

Results:
The expression of Postn was dramatically upregulated after SMI. Compared with WT mice, Postn

−/−
mice had improved muscle recovery and attenuated fibrosis as well as a significantly reduced number of infiltrating fibroblasts. The proliferative potential of these fibroblasts in WT and Postn

−/−
mice was comparable at 14 dpi; however, the migration capability of fibroblasts was significantly enhanced in the presence of Postn (mean, 258%; 95% confidence interval, 183% to 334%). Moreover, the administration of Postn-nAb inhibited fibroblast infiltration and promoted muscle repair after SMI.

Conclusions:
Postn exacerbates fibrotic scar formation through the promotion of fibroblast migration into injured muscle after SMI. Treatment with Postn-nAb is effective for attenuating fibrosis and improving muscle recovery after SMI.

Clinical Relevance:
Our findings may provide a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance muscle repair and functional recovery after SMI.
Interscalene Block with and without Intraoperative Local Infiltration with Liposomal Bupivacaine in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Namdari Surena , Nicholson Thema , Abboud Joseph , Lazarus Mark , Steinberg Dean , Williams Gerald 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Interscalene brachial plexus blockade (ISBPB) is an effective anesthetic technique for shoulder arthroplasty; however, “rebound pain” can increase the patient’s postoperative pain experience and narcotic usage. Exparel (liposomal bupivacaine) injected into the soft tissues at the surgical site has theoretical efficacy for up to 72 hours after administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative pain scores and narcotic consumption following shoulder arthroplasty performed with either ISBPB alone or ISBPB and intraoperative Exparel.

Methods:
Seventy-eight patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty were randomized to receive an ISBPB with Exparel (39 patients) or without Exparel (39 patients). The primary outcome variable was morphine equivalent units (MEUs) consumed over the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative narcotic administration and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain (at 0, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery).

Results:
There were no significant demographic differences between the ISBPB and ISBPB + Exparel groups. Total narcotic consumption over the first 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower in the ISBPB group compared with the ISBPB + Exparel group (mean and standard deviation, 18.9 ± 25.6 MEU versus 35.3 ± 36.7 MEU, p = 0.009). VAS pain scores did not differ significantly between groups at any time point during the first 72 hours after surgery.

Conclusions:
Patients treated with Exparel required significantly more postoperative narcotics and demonstrated no significant reduction in pain scores over the first 72 hours after primary shoulder arthroplasty. Exparel does not appear to have substantial value when added to a pain protocol that includes an ISBPB.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level l. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Incorporation and Remodeling of Structural Allografts in Acetabular Reconstruction
Authors: Butscheidt Sebastian , Moritz Menard , Gehrke Thorsten , Püschel Klaus , Amling Michael , Hahn Michael , Rolvien Tim 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is frequently accompanied by acetabular bone loss, which constitutes a major challenge in revision procedures. Structural allografts can be implanted to restore a stable osseous foundation for the acetabular prosthesis. As previous studies were limited to clinical data or included very few cases, the extent to which the graft bone is incorporated over time has remained unclear.

Methods:
Thirteen acetabula were retrieved post mortem, and the incorporation properties of the bone allografts were analyzed using a hierarchical approach of imaging techniques including contact radiography, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), histological analysis of undecalcified specimens, and quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI). The distance between the current allograft bone and host bone borders (i.e., current overlap) as well as the distance between the original allograft bone and host bone borders (i.e., total ingrowth) were assessed.

Results:
In 10 of 13 cases, the complete interface (100%) was characterized by direct contact and additional overlap of the allograft bone and host bone, while the remaining 3 cases demonstrated direct contact along 25% to 80% of the interface. The allograft bone showed an intact trabecular structure and significantly higher mineralization compared with the host bone. The mean current overlap (and standard deviation) was 2.3 ± 1.0 mm, with a maximum of 5.3 ± 2.4 mm. Importantly, the total ingrowth reached much further, to a mean of 7.2 ± 2.3 mm (maximum, 10.5 ± 4.0 mm). Neither the time that the allograft was in situ nor the degree of contact between the host and allograft bone correlated with the current overlap and the time in situ did not correlate with total ingrowth.

Conclusions:
This study showed bone remodeling with subsequent interconnection of the host and allograft bone along the majority of the interface, leading to adequate incorporation of the allograft. The lack of complete incorporation of the graft did not lead to graft collapse up to 22 years after revision surgery.

Clinical Relevance:
Our study provides the first systematic multiscale evaluation of successfully implanted structural allografts and forms the scientific basis for their clinical use in revision THA.
Análise sobre a presença do cirurgião-dentista em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva da região metropolitana do Cariri-CE
Authors: Gurgel Filho Arthur Antônio Guedes , Duarte Neto Francisco Bernardo , Araújo Júnior Júlio Leite de , Santo Italo Kennedy Silva , Gondim David Gomes de Alencar , Pita Neto Ivo Cavalcante , Cortez Vilson Rocha Alencaar , Dias-Ribeiro Eduardo , Sandrini Francisco Aurelio Lucchesi 
Published: August 2018

Introdução: A odontologia hospitalar enfrenta dificuldades que vão além do domínio profissional como o desafio do cirurgião-dentista sair de sua zona de conforto em consultórios até a necessidade de sua aceitação no âmbito hospitalar. OBJETIVOS: Analisar o conhecimento das equipes multidisciplinares/interdisciplinares que atuam em Unidades de Terapia intensivas da região metropolitana do Cariri-CE, sobre a participação e atuação do cirurgião dentista. Material e Método: A amostra foi composta de 40 profissionais atuante nas Unidades de Terapia intensivas da região metropolitana do Cariri-CE, avaliada através da aplicação de questionários estruturados a respeito do conhecimento sobre a atuação do cirurgião dentista na equipe. Resultados: 94,80% acreditam que é importante a presença do cirurgião dentista nas em Unidades de Terapia intensivas. 61% dos profissionais citaram que sepse e infecções bucais podem ocorrer na maioria dos pacientes pela condição bucal precária; 11% citaram quadros de pneumonia, abcessos dentários e endocardite infeciosa. 58,8% acreditam que o cirurgião dentista possa trazer redução dos custos hospitalares. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o entendimento da atuação do profissional de odontologia nas equipes multidisciplinares de em Unidades de Terapia intensivas, torna-se indispensável e imprescindível, para promoção e prevenção de agravos a saúde geral do paciente.Descritores: Unidades de Terapia Intensiva; Endocardite; Doenças da Boca; Doenças da Gengiva.
Factors Affecting Nitrogen Availability and Variability in Cornfields
Authors: Tao Haiying , Morris Thomas F. , Kyveryga Peter , McGuire John 
Published: August 2018

Core IdeasN application rate for corn should be estimated conditional to other influential factors to N availability.Guided sampling by aerial imagery for end‐of‐season stalk nitrate‐N test is a useful tool to benchmark N variability.N availability for corn is significantly affected by crop rotation, tillage, soil, and N form, rate, and timing.Nitrogen management in corn (Zea maysL.) is complicated by uncertainties in the agro‐ecological system. Consequently, current N recommendation systems provide accurate estimates of average N rates to apply across geographic regions but not to individual fields. To improve N use efficiency (NUE) and reduce negative environmental impacts, field‐specific N rates should be estimated using site factors that can have significant effects on N loss and availability. We surveyed 920 cornfields across the US Corn Belt and collected 3680 cornstalk samples during a 7‐yr period, 2008 to 2014. Aerial images of the corn canopies taken in late August were used to randomly select three sampling areas within three predominant soil types in each field. Cornstalk samples were evaluated for N status using the end‐of‐season cornstalk nitrate test (CSNT). We also collected data about site‐specific environmental conditions and management practices that had the potential to influence N loss and availability. Ordinal logistic regression (OLR) analysis was used to identify factors that significantly affected cornstalk N‐sufficiency levels, based on the CSNT. Results suggest that N rate alone is not a driving factor that influences N availability to a corn plant during the growing season. Rather, N rate recommendations should be estimated considering other site factors, including rainfall, previous crop, tillage practice, soil drainage class, and N form and timing. Our research findings are useful to support a field‐based adaptive management program and the 4Rs of Nutrient Stewardship management.
Do Tillage, Cover Crops, and Compost Management within Organic Grain Cropping Affect Greenhouse Gas Emissions?
Authors: Boardman Dara L. , Easterby Steven , Clark Kerry M. , Kitchen Newell R. , Staples Jill S. , Reinbott Timothy M. , Kremer Robert J. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Drought decreased the CO2 and N2O 2 out of 3 yr of the study but in a normal precipitation year, GHG emissions increased significantly for corn and wheat but stayed relatively low for soybean.
Increasing compost from 1× to 1.5× the recommended rate showed no increase in N2O emissions.
NTCC and 1×+ compost rates typically resulted in the greatest GWP.
Organic crop production is increasing with consumer demand, but research is needed on the best management practices that minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study was conducted in central Missouri from 2012 to 2014 using a 3‐yr rotation, consisting of corn (Zea mays L.), cereal rye cover crop (Secale cereale L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), summer cover crop mix [Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)], and cereal rye/hairy vetch cover crop mix (Vicia villosa L.). Treatments included tillage/cover crop practice (TCCP) combinations: (i) tillage with no cover crop (TNCC), (ii) tillage with cover crop (TCC), and (iii) no‐till with cover crop (NTCC) and compost additions relative to the recommended rate (0×, 1×, 1.5×). Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission measurements followed GRACEnet protocol. GHG emissions were not influenced by management practices in 2012 due to severe drought. TCCP had direct (2013 corn, 2014 soybean) or interactive (2014 wheat) effects on CO2 emissions; compost had a direct effect (2014 corn) on N2O emissions. Drought in 2012 and 2013 contributed to generally low CO2 and N2O emissions (99–2924 kg CO2–C ha−1 and 0–0.8 kg N2O–N ha−1, respectively) while emissions increased in 2014 (527–7740 kg CO2–C ha−1 and <0.1–10.1 kg N2O–N ha−1, respectively). Across all years and crops, NTCC showed greater CO2 emissions than TNCC (1579 and 893 kg CO2–C ha−1, respectively). While few treatment differences were observed, TCCP resulted in more GHG emission differences than compost rate.
Cadmium Uptake by Ryegrass and Ryegrass–Clover Mixtures under Different Liming Rates
Authors: Benyas Ebrahim , Owens Jennifer , Seyedalikhani Salome , Robinson Brett 
Published: August 2018

Cadmium accumulates in soils that receive repeated applications of Cd‐rich superphosphate fertilizers. There is evidence that adding clovers to a crop solubilizes soil Cd, increasing the bioavailability of Cd. This can lead to high plant Cd concentrations. This research aimed to test whether liming‐induced increases in pH in mixed crops of clovers and ryegrasses reduced forage Cd concentrations. A greenhouse pot trial applied lime at three rates (0, 1, and 2% of soil dry weight) to eight different plant treatments—four as monocultures (perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L.], Italian ryegrass [L. multiflorum Lam.], white clover [Trifolium repens L.], and red clover [T. pratense L.]) and four as ryegrass–clover mixtures (two plant types in each treatment)—in soil (initial soil pH = 5.1, initial soil Cd concentration = 1.31 mg kg−1) with added Cd (CdSO4 ∼ 1 mg kg−1). Adding lime increased soil pH in both mono‐ and mixed crops and, in most treatments, increased forage yields. However, the relationship between forage Cd and soil pH differed between plant treatments. In mono‐ and mixed crop treatments containing perennial ryegrass, adding lime increased the forage yield but did not increase the mass of Cd in the plants compared with the no‐lime treatment. However, adding lime to treatments that included Italian ryegrass increased both the forage yield and the Cd compared with the no‐lime treatment. The results show that a combination of certain plant species composition and lime rates can optimize forage yields without increasing forage Cd concentrations.Core Ideas
Liming increased plant yield in all plant treatments.
Liming decreased plant Cd uptake in mixed crops that included perennial ryegrass.
Liming increased plant Cd uptake in mixed crops that included Italian ryegrass
Managing Cd uptake requires the correct pairing of lime with both soil and pasture.
Mapping the Salt Content in Soil Profiles using Vis‐NIR Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Wu Shiwen , Wang Changkun , Liu Ya , Li Yanli , Liu Jie , Xu Aiai , Pan Kai , Li Yichun , Pan Xianzhang 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Vis‐NIR hyperspectral imaging can be used to predict the soil salt content (SSC) in soil profiles.
The least squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) model predicted SSC more accurately than the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model in the field.
Hyperspectral imaging is an efficient and nondestructive method for mapping and characterizing the SSC distribution in soil profiles.
Recently, visible and near‐infrared (Vis‐NIR) hyperspectral imaging has shown great potential in fine mapping of soil properties in laboratory. Whether it could be used to predict soil salt content (SSC) in the soil profile under field conditions still remained to be determined. In this study, hyperspectral images were acquired in situ from a soil profile with a Vis‐NIR imaging spectrometer, and the optimum SSC prediction model was built to determine SSC of each pixel, and the fine SSC distribution maps were generated. The observed soil profile was located at an experimental station in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, China. Hyperspectral images with a spectral range of 397 to 1018 nm were obtained from 21 to 25 May 2015; a total of 140 soil samples were collected. Five spectral preprocessing methods, Daubechies wavelet (Db), LOG10(1/Db), Savitzky‐Golay (SG), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and standard normal variate (SNV) were applied, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) and least squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) models were developed. Results showed that the LS‐SVM model predicted the SSC more accurately than the PLSR model, and the highest prediction accuracy was obtained with LOG10(1/Db) preprocessed spectra with R2p, RMSEp, RPIQ, and RPD values of 0.87, 0.58 g kg–1, 2.60 and 2.77, respectively. Based on the optimum prediction model, the fine distribution of SSC in soil profiles over 5 d were successfully obtained. This study indicated hyperspectral imaging is an efficient and nondestructive method for mapping SSC distribution in soil profiles and characterizing the vertical transportation of soil salt under field conditions with moderate soil moisture range.
Pruebas de seguridad: Estudio de herramientas
Authors: Hadfeg Yahima , Vega Vianca 
Published: August 2018

Hoy día con el desarrollo y el avance de la tecnología los productos software son parte de nuestra vida cotidiana. Estos productos constituyen un soporte para casi todas nuestras tareas. Estas tareas pueden tener un desempeño fundamental o no, y van desde ejecutar la conducción de un avión a través de un piloto automático hasta posibilitar el funcionamiento de los dispensadores de billetes o cajeros automáticos. Por la criticidad de los procesos en los que ellos se encuentran relacionado, es necesario que se cumplan dos características fundamentales; la primera, que tengan un nivel de calidad aceptado y la segunda, que sean productos seguros.La seguridad en los softwares es un atributo no funcional que influye directamente en la calidad del producto. Realizar pruebas a los requisitos no funcionales para constatar su desempeño, tal y como se hace con los requisitos funcionales es una tarea tediosa. Como alternativa a este problema se han desarrollado herramientas que de forma automática o semiautomática realizan pruebas de diferente índole a los sistemas. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las herramientas software existentes para realizar pruebas relacionadas con la seguridad. Para cumplir este objetivo se realiza un estudio del estado del arte de las herramientas para realizar pruebas de seguridad desde el 2010 a la fecha.