bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural palliative care to support dying at home can be realised; experiences of family members and nurses with a new model of care
Authors: Spelten Evelien , Timmis Jenny , Heald Simone , Duijts Saskia F. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveWhile 60%‐70% of people would prefer to die at home, only 14% do so. Families in a rural environment feel particularly unsupported in fulfilling this last wish of their loved one, which reflects the general shortage of health care workforce and resource allocation to institutions. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of families and nurses with extended rural palliative care to support dying at home.DesignSemistructured interviews were conducted with family members and nurses. Process data were included to describe the frequency and nature of contacts. The results were analysed using descriptive analysis.SettingsA rural town in Northern Victoria, Australia (Australian Statistical Geography Standard‐Remoteness Area).ParticipantsTen family members and four nurses were interviewed.Main outcome measuresExperience with the extended palliative care service and with the dying at home process.ResultsAll patients in the project died at home. The families were very positive about the extended palliative care; it increased their familiarity with dying, and had a positive impact on bereavement. The nurses were equally positive, but also commented on the need to debrief and on the heavy emotional toll the work takes.ConclusionsRural care support for dying at home can be realised. This study has demonstrated the positive impact of an end‐of‐life service, while at the same time pointing to concerns of the nursing staff on the suitability of the model of care. Health care workers and communities alike need to be educated and have conversations on end‐of‐life care.
Stepped‐care treatment of anxiety and depression in older adults: A narrative review
Authors: Meuldijk Denise , Wuthrich Viviana M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveStepped care models are a possible solution to address service gaps in the provision of psychological therapies for anxiety and/or depression. The benefits may be particularly relevant for people in rural and remote areas and other under‐serviced and/or hard to reach populations, such as older adults.DesignNarrative literature review.ParticipantsNarrative literature review of the PubMed, Medline, and Psycinfo databases for studies reporting on the results of stepped care psychological interventions for older adults with anxiety and/or depressive symptoms.Main outcomesSeventy‐seven papers were identified for evaluation of which nine papers met the study criteria (reporting on four individual trials).ResultsWe identified four controlled studies. Three of the four studies found stepped care intervention to be associated with significantly better clinical outcomes and cost‐effectiveness compared to treatment as usual. Studies primarily targeted subthreshold symptoms, mostly in primary care. Various interventions and stepping models were used.ConclusionStepped care has been associated with improved clinical outcomes and costs in older adults, particularly in primary care. There have been no rigorous studies of stepped delivery of psychological interventions to older depressed and anxious adults in alternative settings such as in specialist older adult mental health services or in private clinics. Although the evidence‐base for stepped care interventions is growing, it is not clear what evidence‐based treatment model should be adopted and in what services it could apply. More research is needed. However, the evidence to date is promising and suggests that stepped care approaches are feasible in older adults, and are likely to increase access to high quality interventions for older adults living in rural communities.
Comparison of outcomes of salvage robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for post‐primary radiation vs focal therapy
Authors: Onol Fikret Fatih , Bhat Seetharam , Moschovas Marcio , Rogers Travis , Ganapathi Hariharan , Roof Shannon , Rocco Bernardo , Patel Vipul 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo compare salvage robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) outcomes in patients who underwent radiation and those who underwent focal ablation as primary therapies.Patients and MethodsWe evaluated 126 patients who underwent salvage RALPbetween 2008 and 2018. Of these, 94 (74.6%) received radiation and 32 focal ablation (25.4%) as primary therapy. These groups were compared with regard to clinical, oncological and functional outcomes. Kaplan–Meier curves and regression models were used to identify survival estimations and their predictors.ResultsBefore surgery, more patients were potent in the focal ablation group compared to the radiation group (46.9% vs 22.6%; P = 0.013). Peri‐operative characteristics and complication rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Postoperative catheterization duration was shorter in the focal ablation group (mean 10 vs 16 days; P = 0.018). At final pathology, the focal ablation group had higher non‐organ‐confined disease (71% vs 50%; P = 0.042) and positive surgical margin (PSM) rates (43.8% vs 17%; P = 0.004) as compared to the radiation group; however, 5‐year biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival rates were similar (59% vs 56%; P = 0.761). Postoperative 1‐year full (no pads/day) and social (0–1 pad/day) continence rates were significantly higher in the focal ablation as compared to the radiation group (77.3% vs 39.2%, P = 0.002, and 87.5% vs 51.3%, P = 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed primary focal ablation and nerve‐sparing to be predictors of postoperative continence. Erectile function was preserved in 13% and 27% of preoperatively potent patients in the radiation and focal ablation groups, respectively (P = 0.435). No predictors were identified for postoperative potency.ConclusionsRadiation was associated with inferior functional outcomes after salvage RALP. Focal therapies were associated with higher non‐organ‐confined disease and PSMrates, with no significant difference in short‐term BCR‐free survival.
Trophic niche changes associated with habitat fragmentation in a Neotropical bat species
Authors: Muñoz‐Lazo Fernando J. J. , Franco‐Trecu Valentina , Naya Daniel E. , Martinelli Luiz A. , Cruz‐Neto Ariovaldo P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHabitat fragmentation could alter ecological traits including species trophic habits. Here, we used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios to establish differences in isotopic niche width and food resource use between forest fragments and the continuous forest for the phyllostomid frugivorous bat Artibeus lituratus. Using mist nests, we captured bats from two forest fragments and two sites in continuous forest, and sampled from each individual captured three body tissues with contrasting turnover rates (skin, muscle, and liver). Samples were collected between February and March (austral summer) and between August and September (austral winter). In addition, in each sampling site and season we collected potential food resources (fruits and insects) consumed by our A. lituratus. Our findings indicate that A. lituratus had a predominantly omnivorous diet, with high consumption of insects during summer in forest fragments. The increasing consumption of insects in these fragments seems to have led to a wider isotopic niche, in relation to the continuous forest. Because A. lituratus is typically a seed disperser, changes in trophic habits in the forest fragments from frugivory to insectivory may diminish their role in forest regeneration.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Impact of Service‐Dominant Orientation on the Innovation Performance of Technology Firms: Roles of Knowledge Sharing and Relationship Learning
Authors: Yiu H. L. , Ngai Eric W.T. , Lei Chun Fong 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough the adoption of service‐dominant logic contributes to the innovativeness of organizations, the relationship between service‐dominant logic and innovation performance has seldom been empirically investigated. To fill this literature gap, this study used relationship learning theory to examine the effects of service‐dominant orientation (SDO), knowledge sharing, and external network on innovation performance through the mediation of relationship learning in technology firms. The proposed model was tested through a field study conducted in Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation. Data from 82 technology firms were used to test the research model.The results showed that relationship learning mediates the relationships of SDO to innovation performance, knowledge sharing to innovation performance, and external network to innovation performance. The mediation effect confirms that service‐dominant orientated firms have high innovation performance because of the learning from their partner relationships. This research explains that managing the learning from providing services positively influencing innovation of the firm.
Trends of maxillofacial injuries resulting from physical violence in Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Lorrany Gabriela , Barbosa Kevan Guilherme Nóbrega , Silva Carlos José de Paula , Alencar Gizelton Pereira , D’avila Sérgio , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Ferreira Raquel Conceição 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground/AimA large proportion of interpersonal violence results in maxillofacial injuries. The monitoring of maxillofacial injuries in the context of gender violence has been little explored. The aim of this study was to analyze trends in cases of maxillofacial injuries resulting from interpersonal physical violence considering the gender of the victim and perpetrator.Materials and MethodsA time‐series study was conducted. Data regarding maxillofacial injury cases due to interpersonal physical violence were collected from reports at a forensic institute of a city in northeastern Brazil, between 2008 and 2014 (84 months). Rates of interpersonal physical violence per 100 000 inhabitants were determined for each gender. A negative binomial regression model was used to evaluate trends. The cycle plot was used to investigate the occurrence of seasonality, considering subseries for each month.ResultsA total of 3561 reports were analyzed, revealing higher rates of female victims and male perpetrators throughout the series. There was no indication of seasonality. The annual percentage of injuries involving male victims reduced significantly by 6.8% (P < .001), while injuries involving female victims increased significantly by 4.5% (P = .002). Regarding perpetrators, rates remained constant over time, following the same pattern for both genders.ConclusionsThe data demonstrate greater victimization involving maxillofacial injuries against women perpetrated more often by men, with a trend toward an increase in female victims and a reduction in male victims.
Social environment determines the effect of boldness and activity on survival
Authors: Pearish Simon , Bensky Miles K. , Bell Alison M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPopulations of animals are composed of individuals that differ in ecologically relevant behaviors. Building evidence also suggests that individuals occupy different social niches. Here, in a mark–recapture experiment, we show evidence of an interacting effect of behavior and social niche on survival in the wild: Bold individuals had higher survival if they were initially captured in groups, while shy, inactive individuals had higher survival if they were initially captured when alone. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that behavioral type–environment correlations can be favored by natural selection.
The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes
Authors: Guneri D. , Voegeli R. , Doppler S. , Zhang C. , Bankousli A. L. , Munday M. R. , Lane M. E. , Rawlings A. V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTerminally differentiated keratinocytes acquire corneocyte protein envelopes (CPE) complexed with corneocyte lipid envelopes (CLE). These two structural components of the corneocyte envelopes (CEs) undergo maturation by gaining in hydrophobicity, rigidity and surface area. Linoleoyl acylceramides are processed by 12R‐lipoxygenase (12R‐LOX) and other enzymes before transglutaminase (TG) attaches ω‐hydroxyceramides to involucrin in the CPE. Concurrently, structural proteins are cross‐linked by TG that has been activated by cathepsin D (CathD).ObjectivesThe primary aim of this work was to demonstrate the impact of relative humidity (RH) during ex vivo CE maturation. Low, optimal and high RH were selected to investigate the effect of protease inhibitors (PIs) on CE maturation and TG activity; in addition, 12R‐LOX and CathD activity were measured at optimal RH. Finally, the effect of glycerol on ex vivo CE maturation was tested at low, optimal and high RH.MethodsThe first and ninth tape strip of photo‐exposed (PE) cheek and photo‐protected (PP) post‐auricular sites of healthy volunteers were selected. Ex vivo CE maturation was assessed via the relative CE maturity (RCEM) approach based on CE rigidity and hydrophobicity. The second and eighth tapes were exposed to RH in the presence of inhibitors.ResultsIrrespective of tape stripping depth, CEs from PE samples attained CE rigidity to the same extent as mature CEs from the PP site, but such improvement was lacking for CE hydrophobicity. 70% RH was optimal for ex vivo CE maturation. The inhibition of 12R‐LOX activity resulted in enhanced CE rigidity which was reduced by the TG inhibitor. CE hydrophobicity remained unchanged during ex vivo maturation in the presence of TG or 12R‐LOX inhibition. CE hydrophobicity was enhanced in the presence of glycerol at 44% RH and 100% RH but not at 70% RH. Furthermore, TG activity was significantly diminished at 100% RH compared to the commercial inhibitor LDN‐27219. However, a protease inhibitor mix reversed the negative effect of overhydration.ConclusionThe study adds to the understanding of the roles of 12R‐LOX and TG activity in CE maturation and gives further insight into the effect of glycerol on the SC.
Thermal expansion mechanism of cordierite with titanium or germanium doping based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Bai Shandan , Nakata Hiroya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA unique feature of cordierite is the negative thermal expansion of its c‐axis, while the a‐ and b‐axes show positive thermal expansion behavior. The thermal expansion mechanism of cordierite has been investigated in many theoretical studies, but the effect of Ti or Ge doping has not yet been studied theoretically. Here, we investigate the thermal expansion behavior of Ti‐ and Ge‐doped cordierite by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation. The computational cost of AIMD simulation for cordierite doped with Ti or Ge is challenging due to the many different configurations of crystal models. We overcame this computational difficulty by separating the respective models into groups with identical symmetry, then we performed MD simulation for each different symmetry crystal model. To understand the mechanism of the negative thermal expansion of the c‐axis, we investigated the changes in all the bond lengths and angles. We found that the negative thermal expansion of the c‐axis is coupled with the increase in the O–Al–O angle and the shrinkage of the O–Si–O angle at the T1 site in cordierite, which suggests the rotation of the six‐membered ring. This study provides insight into the mechanism of thermal expansion of cordierite with Ti and Ge doping. Moreover, the approach presented here can be generally applied to investigate the thermal expansion behavior of other ceramic materials within reasonable accuracy and computational cost.
Distributions of mammals in Southeast Asia: The role of the legacy of climate and species body mass
Authors: Radchuk Viktoriia , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Fickel Joerns , Wilting Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimCurrent species distributions are shaped by present and past biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we assessed whether abiotic factors (habitat availability) in combination with past connectivity and a biotic factor (body mass) can explain the unique distribution pattern of Southeast Asian mammals, which are separated by the enigmatic biogeographic transition zone, the Isthmus of Kra (IoK), for which no strong geophysical barrier exists.LocationSoutheast Asia.TaxonMammals.MethodsWe projected habitat suitability for 125 mammal species using climate data for the present period and for two historic periods: mid‐Holocene (6 ka) and last glacial maximum (LGM 21 ka). Next, we employed a phylogenetic linear model to assess how present species distributions were affected by the suitability of areas in these different periods, habitat connectivity during LGM and species body mass.ResultsOur results show that cooler climate during LGM provided suitable habitat south of IoK for species presently distributed north of IoK (in mainland Indochina). However, the potentially suitable habitat for these Indochinese species did not stretch very far southwards onto the exposed Sunda Shelf. Instead, we found that the emerged landmasses connecting Borneo and Sumatra provided suitable habitat for forest dependent Sundaic species. We show that for species whose current distribution ranges are mainly located in Indochina, the area of the distribution range that is located south of IoK is explained by the suitability of habitat in the past and present in combination with the species body mass.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate that a strong geophysical barrier may not be necessary for maintaining a biogeographic transition zone for mammals, but that instead a combination of abiotic and biotic factors may suffice.
Predictors of longer‐term development of expressive language in two independent longitudinal cohorts of language‐delayed preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bal Vanessa H. , Fok Megan , Lord Catherine , Smith Isabel M. , Mirenda Pat , Szatmari Peter , Vaillancourt Tracy , Volden Joanne , Waddell Charlotte , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Bennett Terry , Duku Eric , Elsabbagh Mayada , Georgiades Stelios , Ungar Wendy J. , Zaidman‐Zait Anat 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundStudies estimate that 30% of individuals with autism are minimally verbal. Understanding what factors predict longer‐term expressive development in children with language delays is critical to inform identification and treatment of those at‐risk for persistent language impairments. The present study examined predictors of expressive language development in language‐delayed preschoolers followed through later school‐age and young adulthood.MethodsChildren using single words or less on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) at approximately 3 years old were drawn from the Early Diagnosis (EDX) and Pathways in ASD longitudinal cohorts. Age‐3 predictors of Age‐19 ADOS language level were identified using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) in the EDX sample. Linear mixed models examined the effects of CART‐identified predictors on Vineland expressive communication (VExp) trajectories from Age‐3 to Age‐19. The same linear mixed models were examined in the Pathways sample, identifying predictors of VExp from ages 3 to 10.5 years.ResultsSignificantly delayed fine motor skills (T‐score < 20) was the strongest CART predictor of Age‐19 language. In the linear mixed models, time, Age‐3 fine motor skills and initiation of joint attention (IJA) predicted VExp trajectories in the EDX sample, even when controlling for Age‐3 visual receptive abilities. In the Pathways sample, time and Age‐3 fine motor skills were significant predictors of VExp trajectories; IJA and cognitive skills were not significant predictors.ConclusionsMarked deficits in fine motor skills may be a salient proxy marker for identifying language‐delayed children with ASD who are at risk for persistent language impairments. This finding adds to the literature demonstrating a relation between motor and language development in ASD. Investigating individual skill areas (e.g., fine motor and nonverbal problem‐solving skills), rather than broader indices of developmental level (e.g., nonverbal IQ) may provide important cues to understanding longer‐term language outcomes that can be targeted in early intervention.
Neuroprotection and immunomodulation of progesterone in the gut of a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Jarras Hend , Bourque Mélanie , Poirier Andrée‐Anne , Morissette Marc , Coulombe Katherine , Di Paolo Thérèse , Soulet Denis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms appear in Parkinson's disease patients many years before motor symptoms, suggesting the implication of dopaminergic neurones of the gut myenteric plexus. Inflammation is also known to be increased in PD. We previously reported neuroprotection with progesterone in the brain of mice lesioned with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and hypothesised that it also has neuroprotective and immunomodulatory activities in the gut. To test this hypothesis, we investigated progesterone administered to adult male C57BL/6 mice for 10 days and treated with MPTP on day 5. In an additional experiment, progesterone was administered for 5 days following MPTP treatment. Ilea were collected on day 10 of treatment and microdissected to isolate the myenteric plexus. Dopaminergic neurones were reduced by approximately 60% and pro‐inflammatory macrophages were increased by approximately 50% in MPTP mice compared to intact controls. These changes were completely prevented by progesterone administered before and after MPTP treatment and were normalised by 8 mg kg‐1 progesterone administered after MPTP. In the brain of MPTP mice, brain‐derived neurotrophic peptide (BDNF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were associated with progesterone neuroprotection. In the myenteric plexus, increased BDNF levels compared to controls were measured in MPTP mice treated with 8 mg kg‐1 progesterone started post MPTP, whereas GFAP levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present study show neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects of progesterone in the myenteric plexus of MPTP mice that are similar to our previous findings in the brain. Progesterone is non‐feminising and could be used for both men and women in the pre‐symptomatic stages of the disease.
Ontologies and ontological methods in linguistics
Authors: Schalley Andrea C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the last decade, linguists have started to develop and make use of ontologies, encouraged by the progress made in areas such as Artificial Intelligence and the Semantic Web. This paper gives an overview of notions and dimensions of “ontology” and of ontologies for and in linguistics. It discusses building blocks, design aspects, and capabilities of formal ontologies and provides some implementation pointers. The focus of this paper, however, is on linguistic research and what a modelling framework based on ontologies has to offer. Accordingly, the paper does not aim at providing an overview of specific models for computational processing. To illustrate the issues at hand, an example scenario from linguistic typology is selected instead, where the aim of describing the world's languages is approached through ontologies.