bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Verification of Lead-Lag Compensators on a Twin Rotor System
Authors: Deniz Meryem , Tatlicioglu Enver , Bayrak Alper 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Twin rotor system is a laboratory setup resembling a simplified helicopter model that moves along both horizontal and vertical axes. The literature on control of twin rotor systems reflects a good amount of research on designing PID controllers and their extensions considering several aspects, as well as onsome nonlinear controllers. However, there is almost no previous work on design of lag-lead type compensators for twin rotor systems. In this study, by considering this open research problem, lag and lead type compensators are designed and then experimentally verified on the twin rotor system. Specifically, first, lag and lag-lag compensators are designed to obtain a reduced steady state error as compared with proportional controllers. Secondly, lead compensation is discussed to obtain a reduced overshoot. Finally, lag-lead compensators are designed to make use of their favorable properties. All compensators are applied to the twin rotor system in our laboratory. From experimental studies, it was observed that steady state error was reduced when a lag compensator was used in conjunction with a lead compensator.
In pursuit of livelihood sustainability and drought resilience: The human dimension of drought-adaptation in the Maasai pastoralists coupled socio-ecological systems across Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Margaret 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The system of Maasai-pastoralism, practiced in the savanna rangelands of Kenya, epitomizes an ideal learning platform upon which the dynamics of factors and/or processes that shape sustainability and drought resilience in a coupled socio-ecological system can be unravelled. This study engaged an integrated approach to examine the dynamics of drought-adaptation strategies utilized in Maasai-pastoralism, a strongly coupled socio-ecological system. The current empirical evidence reveals the integrative utilization of varied and multipurpose adaptation strategies. Migrate-livestock, diversify-livelihood, and diversify-livestock, in that order, dominate as the most widely utilized drought-adaptations in Maasai-pastoralism. In this system, drought-adaptation strategies that take advantage of drought conditions are rare. In addition, over 50% of the Maasais’ households frequently use an admixture of over half of the existing strategies. The study reveals that drought-adaptation strategies in Maasai-pastoralism are inextricably interconnected systematic endeavours that simultaneously help alleviate deleterious drought-impacts and livelihood-risks, manage resilience, ensure sustainability of the core socioeconomic sector and of critical rangeland resources, and deal with cross-scale social and biophysical happenings and conditions within which this system is entrenched. As drought recurrences intensify, and shifts in social, political, economic, ecological factors and processes persist, the Maasai’s adaptation strategies and livelihood subsistence, as well as pathways of development, will be transformed in ways that we are yet to understand. Therefore, efforts toward enhancing drought-adaptations and the Maasai’s livelihoods should be based on a holistic understanding of the social-biophysical landscapes within which this system is entrenched. In policy terms, such efforts should be participatory and be mainstreamed within policies and/or programs related to, and/or operating in, Maasai-inhabited regions.
Ecological Awareness in the Behaviour of Young Consumers - Students of the Faculty of Economic and Technical Sciences of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska
Authors: Łęska Monika , Kuś Agnieszka 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Subject and purpose of work: The reason for choosing the subject and undertaking the studies were information gaps regarding the behaviour of young consumers in the area of activities related to enviroment.

Materials and methods: The study employed purposeful sampling with regards to the participants’ field of study (programmes with environmental education content) and the year of education, as well as stratified sampling according to the structure of the population and its division into groups based on specified features. The technique of auditorium questionnaire was used.

Results: The analysis showed that the students are characterised by a high level of ecological awareness and a sense of responsibility for it, and that is they are informed and pragmatic consumers. As involved and ecological consumers, they behave in a pro-ecological way and create desirable patterns of consumer behaviour.

Conclusions: It was found that the students have a sense of responsibility for the surrounding environment. Convinced about their individual influence, they create desirable patterns of proecological behaviour.
The “One-Line-Portraitˮ in to the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf: Freeing the Counter-Norms
Authors: Fau Hélène 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
At the Ramsay’s Scottish summer home, where guests are promised an illusory trip to the lighthouse, Lily Briscoe, a post-impressionist painter, indulges into portraying Mrs Ramsay. Throughout the novel, the portrait changes forms, starting as a moving tree in the first section ‘The Window’ and ending, after Mrs Ramsay’s death, as a single line in the very last page of the novel where Lily Briscoe sees it as completed. The “passage into abstraction” satisfies her for she executes the vision she had. The plot follows the same scheme, unfolding through shifting perspectives and oscillating between the figurative and abstract stream of consciousness of each character. It thus reflects Lily’s unstable portrait and paves the way for a deterritorialised writing. This paper will analyse how the “actes graphiques” (the drawn as well as the written items) mutate into an abstract – and therefore non- or a-gendered – line in order to release the un-articulated and un-lived antimainstream love between Lily Briscoe and Mrs Ramsay.
”Murderess of Two Husbands”: Female Agency as Female Loyalty in the History of the Nun
Authors: De Dios Torralbo Caballero Juan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This work studies the behaviour of the protagonist of The History of the Nun: or, The Fair Vow- Breaker (1689) to investigate both what motivates her decisions (from pious woman to murderer) and what the objectives of her author may be. The conclusion reached is that female agency and the transgressive desire developed by Aphra Behn presented a new conception of femininity. Behn challenges the social contract and subverts seventeenth century conceptions of gender. Through Isabella’s behaviour Behn challenges established feminine morality, postulating a new role for women within society. The implication is that the act of breaking a holy vow, and the courage shown by a woman determined to take responsibility for her own life and make her own decisions in society, inevitably ends in tragedy and disaster.
Consciously Rejecting the Magic – The Cases of Susan Pevensie and Petunia Dursley
Authors: Măcineanu Laura 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Most characters in fantasy novels seem to be irresistibly drawn towards the world of magic, whether they can actually reach it or not. This paper deals with the special situations of Susan Pevensie in C.S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia and Petunia Dursley in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. Having had contact with magic, these two women find the strength to renounce dreaming about a reality that has closed its doors to them and build a “normal” functional life for themselves.
Metaphysical Connotations of the Dream as a Liquifying Trope in 16th – 17th Century Comedies and their Contemporary Applicability for the 21st Century Human: A Midsummer Night’s Dream and La Vida Es Sueño
Authors: Zelinka Elisabeta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the philosophical connotations of the trope of the dream in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream and in Calderón de la Barca’s La vida es sueño. What are the authors’ auctorial catalysts in connecting this trope to their key characters? How do these auctorial devices connect the plays to the needs of the contemporary reader, searching for solutions to the challenges of the 21st century modus vivendi?
Vplyv Sociálno-Demografických Faktorov Na Výskyt Kontaktových Javov V Reči Slovákov Žijúcich V Španielsku
Authors: Barancová Monika , Bírová Jana , Kráľová Zdena 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper follows the tradition of sociolinguistic research of speech and it aims to examine the impact of some socio-demographic variables on the occurrence of the inter-lingual phenomena in Slovak utterances of Slovak immigrants in Spain. It is based on the theory of language contacts and focused on a synchronic aspect of the issue.
Jazyková Situace A Jazyková Politika Na Baleárských Ostrovech
Authors: Kadlec Jaromír 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The paper will focus on the Balearic Islands, the autonomous community of Spain, located in the western Mediterranean Sea. The focus is placed not only on the demography and the linguistic situation but primarily on the linguistic politics and the language legislation of this territory. The Balearic Islands have the same political autonomy as the other Autonomous Communities of Spain which, however, use it far less than the other communities. Catalan is not for local inhabitants, who do not feel a strong belonging to the Catalan speaking world, so an essential part of identity as for the inhabitants of Catalonia and therefore the linguistic question for the local politicians is not such a priority as for the politicians in Catalonia. Even the sense of identity on the Islands is less intense than in Catalonia or the Basque Country, thanks to the migration from the different parts of Spain and from abroad. Despite the emancipation efforts, which we can observe even in other parts of Spain, Catalan on the Balearic Islands, due to the reasons mentioned above contrary to Catalonia, does not have any chance to resist Spanish or even to overpower it.
Pohľad Na Pomenovanie Cez Prizmu Teoretických Rámcov A Slovníkového Hesla
Authors: Jarošová Alexandra 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The first part of this paper outlines the relevant aspects of functional structuralism serving lexicographers as a departure point for building a model of lexical meaning useable in the Dictionary of Contemporary Slovak Language. This section also points to some aspects of Klára Buzássyová’s research on lexis and word­formation that have enriched the functional­structuralist paradigm. The second section shows other theoretical and methodological frameworks, such as linguistic pragmatics, cognitive linguistics and corpus linguistics (all of them departing in some respect from the structuralism and, in other aspects, being complementary with it) that can enhance the structuralist basis of the model. The third section outlines an extended model of lexical meaning that represents a synthesis of all those theoretical frameworks and, at the same time, represents a reflection of three language constituents: 1. The social constituent is present in consideration of communicative functions of utterances, naming functions of lexical units, functional styles and registers, language norms, and situational contexts; 2. The psychological component takes the form of consideration of the prototype effect, the abolition of boundaries between linguistic meaning and other parts of cognition; 3. Thanks to the structural/systematic component, a description of paradigmatic and syntagmatic behaviour of words can be performed, and an inventory of formal­content units and categories (lexemes, lexies, word­forming and grammatical structures) can be provided.
In our dictionary practice, the above­mentioned model is reflected in the methodological procedures as follows: 1. Systemization of repetitive (regular, standardized) phenomena; 2. Prototypicalization of meaning description; 3. Contextualization/encyclopedization of meaning description; 4. Pragmatization of meaning description; 5. Continualized presentation of language phenomena, i.e., introduction of numerous phenomena of transient and indeterminate nature and indicating the existence of a semantic­pragmatic and lexical­grammatical continuum; 6. “Discretization” of combinatorial continuum, i.e., identification and description of entrenched word combinations with naming functions.
Dávno A Dlho V Sémantických A Komunikačných Súvislostiach
Authors: Sokolová Jana 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The study analyses both the similar and different conceptualizations of the sections of the world reflected in Slovak adverbials dávno [‘a long time ago’] and dlho [‘for a long time’]. Lexicographic research documents that the adverbial dávno is ambisemantic and specifies temporal localization as well as durability; the adverbial dlho is monosemantic and expresses only durability. The author attempts to identify connections, which determine their semantic and communicative compatibility and complementarity as well as incompatibility and opposition. She deals with the issues of interrelatedness of semantic, grammatical and pragmatic perspectives, discursive use of adverbials within the framework of intentionality in communication (determinacy and indeterminacy), register of interpretation (narrative, dialogical), role in the communicative structure of the sentence (position of the theme and the position of the rheme), position of an observer (relativized or maximized), etc. Using the corpus findings, the paper clarifies the influence of the adverbial, pronominal and particular modifiers (už [‘already’] and ešte [‘yet’] in particular) on the meanings of both adverbials and their impact in the pragmatics of reasoning and doubt.
Асимметрия Членов Градуальных Рядов В Русском Языке: Семантика, Деривация, Сочетаемость
Authors: Харытончык Зінаіда Андрэеўна 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The paper is focused on semantic peculiarities, derivational restrictions and specific combinatory properties of the lexical units in gradual paradigms of глубокий [‘deep’] – неглубокий [‘not deep’] – мелкий [‘shallow’], широкий [‘wide’] – неширокий [‘not wide’] – узкий [‘narrow’] type in Russian. Among factors which determine the speakers’ pragmatic attitudes to the non­identity of gradual paradigm member properties, the hyperonymic status of adjectives – general designations of some parameter (глубокий, широкий), type and significance of semantic modifications (negation, insufficient degree, etc.) are thought to be the leading ones.
K Pojmu Slovotvorné Solitérnosti
Authors: Štícha František 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on different types of word­formation uniqueness. Wordformation uniqueness can be found in solitary word­formation structures, which the author defines as unique structures representing a specific word­formation type found in a single derivative. The basic and simplest type is represented by a unique affix in a single derivative in the respective language of a given time period. An example of this is the Czech noun obličej [‘face’]: the circumfix ob-ej (with -lič- as a radix to be found in the noun líce [‘cheek’]) is found in no other noun in the contemporary Czech. Another uniquely formed noun in contemporary Czech is the noun rukáv [‘sleeve’], derived from ruka [‘hand’] with the unique suffix -áv. Specific word­formation solitaires are theoretically conceived values. They are derivatives with a specific, but not uniquely found affix which is uniquely added to the stem of a single word of a specific part of speech, e.g. the very specific suffix -ule is added to the stem of the verb vrtět [‘to wag’] so that the noun vrtule [‘propeller’] is derived. This article shows that the notion of word­formation solitariness can be theoretically postulated on different levels of abstractness, both of the form and of the word­formation meaning.
The changing pattern of fever of unknown origin in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Bosilkovski Mile , Dimzova Marija , Cvetkova Marija , Poposki Kostadin , Spasovska Katerina , Vidinic Ivan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction. The study aimed to compare the etiologic spectrum of diseases causing fever of unknown origin (FUO) and methods for definitive diagnosis in a tertiary care hospital in the Republic of North Macedonia during two different time periods.

Patients and methods. There were analysed retrospectively the causes for FUO and final diagnostic approaches in 185 patients with classic FUO that were treated at the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Skopje during two time periods. Seventy nine patients were treated during 1991 to 1995 and 106 patients during 2011 to 2015.

Results. When comparing these two periods, infections were present in 46.8% and 29.2% (p = 0.014), non-infective inflammatory disorders in 22.8% and 25.5% (p = 0.674), neoplasms in 10.1% and 13.2% (p = 0.522), miscellaneous in 8.9% and 12.3% (p = 0.461) and undiagnosed cases in 11.4% and 19.8% (p = 0.124), respectively. The most common causes for FUO during the first period were abscesses (8.9%), tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (7.6% each), whereas in the second period the commonest causes were adult onset Still disease and solid organ neoplasm (7.6% each), polymyalgia rheumatica, abscesses and visceral leishmaniasis (5.7% each). The newer imaging techniques and clinical course evaluation had superior diagnostic significance during the second period.

Conclusion. A changing pattern of diseases causing FUO during the examined periods was evident. Infections continue to be the most common cause but with decreasing incidence when compared to 20 years ago. Even nowadays clinical evaluation and follow-up still remain the vital diagnostic tools in determining the etiology of FUO.
Evaluation of correlation between parameters from CPTU and DMT tests and soil type behavior chart
Authors: Rabarijoely Simon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the correlation of soil parameters obtained from the dilatometer of the Marchetti (DMT) and the cone penetration tests (CPT). The data for the development of these correlations come from four experimental sites of the Department of Geotechnical Engineering of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW: test embankment in Antoniny, and the Koszyce and Nielisz water dams, Stegna test site, WULS-SGGW Campus. Additionally, the relationship between the soil behavior type classification index (Ic) from the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and the material index (I D) from the dilatometer test (DMT) based on the Robertson method, modified in this paper, is presented. Finally, a new soil behavior type classification chart was presented, allowing to determine not only the type and condition of the soil, but also the stress history (OCR).
Priority landscapes in Brudzeń Landscape Park conservation plan
Authors: Cieszewska Agata , Wasilewski Maciej , Giedych Renata , Wałdykowski Piotr 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The implementation of the European Landscape Convention in Poland requires the identification and landscape assessment in the form of a landscape audit made for each region (voivodeship), as enshrined in the Act on Spatial Planning and Land Development. The Act assumes that as part of landscape audit within regional parks priority landscapes as well as zones of landscape protection will be indicated. There are methodical tools prepared by the Ministry of the Environment to realize both main landscape audit elements – the instruction and the recommendations. Currently (at the end of 2018) no region of the audit is yet to be found, and the newly adopted conservation plans for regional parks enforce, in accordance with the Nature Conservation Act reference to both priority landscapes and zones. This article presents testing of the methodology proposed by the Ministry of the Environment for determining priority landscapes (the instruction) and landscape protection zones (the recommendations). The reference field was the conservation plan for Brudzeń Landscape Park (BLP) located in the Masovian Voivodeship. An attempt to implement particularly the Instructions and identify priority landscapes in the BLP conservation plan proved to be not fully possible. The analyzes carried out in the BLP call for the opinion that apart from the current landscape, it is necessary to take into account other than land use features of the environment that determine the specificity of the landscape – mainly terrain, additionally the catalog of current types of landscapes should be open. Tools prepared by the Ministry of the Environment – still need to be refined.
The small strain stiffness from bender elements tests for clayey soils
Authors: Markowska-Lech Katarzyna , Sas Wojciech , Lech Mariusz , Gabryś Katarzyna , Szymański Alojzy 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The shear modulus of soils at small strain (G0) is one of the input parameters in a finite element analysis with the hardening soil model with small strain stiffness, required in the advanced numerical analyses of geotechnical engineering problems. The small strain stiffness can be determined based on the seismic wave velocities measured in the laboratory and field tests, but the interpretation of test results is still under discussion because of many different factors affecting the measurements of the wave travel time. The recommendations and proposed solutions found in the literature are helpful as a guide, but ought to be adopted with a certain measure of care and caution on a case-by-case basis. The equipment, procedures, tests results and interpretation analyses of bender elements (BE) tests performed on natural overconsolidated cohesive soils are presented.
Analysis of the use of selected reservoirs in the Wielkopolska province
Authors: Waligórski Błażej , Sojka Mariusz , Jaskuła Joanna , Korytowski Mariusz 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The paper presents characteristics of six selected retention reservoirs located in the Wielkopolskie province, i.e. the Radzyny and Przebędowo reservoirs located near the city of Poznań, the Miedzichowo reservoir situated at the western border of the province, as well as the Stare Miasto and Jutrosin and Pakosław reservoirs, situated at the eastern and southern parts of the province, respectively. The paper also presents results of studies concerning water quality parameters in the selected reservoir of Przebędowo (at the inflow, within the reservoir and at the outflow) for the example year of 2016. The greatest water area of approx. 110 ha and at the same time the greatest capacity (2.88 million m3) at normal level damming (NLD) was found for the Radzyny reservoir on the Sama river, constructed in 2000, whereas the smallest water area (5.3 ha) and the smallest capacity (0.1 million m3) at NLD were recorded for the Miedzichowo reservoir, which was constructed in 2013. Apart from the positive aspects related to the operation of water storage reservoirs we frequently observe problems with their operation and use. In the winter periods they are mainly connected with the so-called icing, which has a negative and often destructive effect both on the condition of reservoir dams and on their banks. In turn, in the summer months a common problem in the operation of reservoirs results from obstruction from vegetation accumulated on the damming structures, which frequently reaches the dams particularly in periods characterised by high daily precipitation totals. Another common problem in terms of the operation of retention reservoirs is also related with the process of their eutrophication, connected with the influx of biogens. Analyses of selected water quality indexes for the Przebędowo reservoir showed, particularly in relation to nitrates and nitrites, their higher values at the inflow to the reservoir, indicating a considerable effect of land use in adjacent areas primarily in terms of fertilisation and the resulting runoff of biogens to the watercourse supplying the reservoir.