bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enquête épidémiologique sur la trichinose des animaux sauvages en France (1976-1980)
Authors: Artois Marc , Gérard Y. 
Published: March 2018

Carcases of 770 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and of 125 other wild animals i.e. carnivores, rodents and miscellaneous artiodactyls were examined by peptic digestion of muscular sample to detect Trichinella larvae.
Between 1976 and 1980, 24 foxes were found infested by this parasite in the departments of Ain, Hautes-Alpes, Côte-d'Or, Isère, Jura, Lozère, Puy-de-Dôme, Savoie and Haute-Savoie.
Les degrés trophiques du milieu aquatique des eaux douces continentales de surface
Authors: Fleckinger Robert 
Published: March 2018

Après avoir décrit un édifice trophique de milieu aquatique et défini le degré trophique de ce milieu comme étant l’aptitude à produire, à travers le fonctionnement complexe d'une chaîne trophique, une certaine valeur de biomasse de consommateurs, en l’occurrence de poissons, l'auteur examine les termes utilisés pour qualifier les degrés trophiques, le sens étymologique de ces termes et le sens donné par les auteurs.
Une analyse sommaire des degrés trophiques dans les lacs et les eaux courantes qu'il compare, le conduit à suggérer l'utilisation d’appellations conformes au sens étymologique.
Décrivant ensuite le cas particulier de phénomènes observés d’eutrophisation et de dystrophisation provoquées, dans un même cours d'eau par la modification du régime hydraulique, il constate que, dans le cas des régimes hydrauliques artificiels, l’homme devient l’auteur de l'évolution trophique bonne ou mauvaise du milieu aquatique.
Curriculum-Based Handwriting Programs: A Systematic Review With Effect Sizes
Authors: Engel Courtney , Lillie Kristin , Zurawski Sarah , Travers Brittany G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Challenges with handwriting can have a negative impact on academic performance, and these challenges are commonly addressed by occupational therapy practitioners in school settings. This systematic review examined the efficacy of curriculum-based interventions to address children’s handwriting difficulties in the classroom (preschool to second grade). We reviewed and computed effect sizes for 13 studies (11 Level II, 2 Level III) identified through a comprehensive database search. The evidence shows that curriculum-based handwriting interventions resulted in small- to medium-sized improvements in legibility, a commonly reported challenge in this age group. The evidence for whether these interventions improved speed is mixed, and the evidence for whether they improved fluency is insufficient. No clear support was found for one handwriting program over another. These results suggest that curriculum-based interventions can lead to improvements in handwriting legibility, but Level I research is needed to validate the efficacy of these curricula.
Results from the Fourth WMO Filter Radiometer Comparison for aerosol optical depth measurements
Authors: Kazadzis Stelios , Kouremeti Natalia , Diémoz Henri , Gröbner Julian , Forgan Bruce W. , Campanelli Monica , Estellés Victor , Lantz Kathleen , Michalsky Joseph , Carlund Thomas , Cuevas Emilio , Toledano Carlos , Becker Ralf , Nyeki Stephan , Kosmopoulos Panagiotis G. , Tatsiankou Viktar , Vuilleumier Laurent , Denn Frederick M. , Ohkawara Nozomu , Ijima Osamu , Goloub Philippe , Raptis Panagiotis I. , Milner Michael , Behrens Klaus , Barreto Africa , Martucci Giovanni , Hall Emiel , Wendell James , Fabbri Bryan E. , Wehrli Christoph 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. This study presents the results of the Fourth Filter Radiometer Comparison that was held in Davos, Switzerland, between 28 September and 16 October 2015. Thirty filter radiometers and spectroradiometers from 12 countries participated including reference instruments from global aerosol networks. The absolute differences of all instruments compared to the reference have been based on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) criterion defined as follows: 95% of the measured data has to be within 0.005 ± 0.001∕m (where m is the air mass). At least 24 out of 29 instruments achieved this goal at both 500 and 865 nm, while 12 out of 17 and 13 out of 21 achieved this at 368 and 412 nm, respectively. While searching for sources of differences among different instruments, it was found that all individual differences linked to Rayleigh, NO2, ozone, water vapor calculations and related optical depths and air mass calculations were smaller than 0.01 in aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 and 865 nm. Different cloud-detecting algorithms used have been compared. Ångström exponent calculations showed relatively large differences among different instruments, partly because of the high calculation uncertainty of this parameter in low AOD conditions. The overall low deviations of these AOD results and the high accuracy of reference aerosol network instruments demonstrated a promising framework to achieve homogeneity, compatibility and harmonization among the different spectral AOD networks in the near future.
New insights into the vertical structure of the September 2015 dust storm employing eight ceilometers and auxiliary measurements over Israel
Authors: Uzan Leenes , Egert Smadar , Alpert Pinhas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. On 7 September 2015, an unprecedented and unexceptional extreme dust storm struck the eastern Mediterranean (EM) basin. Here, we provide an overview of the previous studies and describe the dust plume evolution over a relatively small area, i.e., Israel. This study presents vertical profiles provided by an array of eight ceilometers covering the Israeli shore, inland and mountain regions. We employ multiple tools including spectral radiometers (Aerosol Robotic Network – AERONET), ground particulate matter concentrations, satellite images, global/diffuse/direct solar radiation measurements and radiosonde profiles. The main findings reveal that the dust plume penetrated Israel on 7 September from the northeast in a downward motion to southwest. On 8 September, the lower level of the dust plume reached 200 m above ground level, generating aerosol optical depth (AOD) above 3 and extreme ground particulate matter concentrations up to ∼ 10 000 µm m−3. A most interesting feature on 8 September was the very high variability in the surface solar radiation in the range of 200–600 W m−2 (22 sites) over just a distance of several hundred kilometers in spite of the thick dust layer above. Furthermore, 8 September shows the lowest radiation levels for this event. On the following day, the surface solar radiation increased, thus enabling a late (between 11:00 and 12:00 UTC) sea breeze development mainly in the coastal zone associated with a creation of a narrow dust layer detached from the ground. On 10 September, the AOD values started to drop down to ∼ 1.5, and the surface concentrations of particulate matter decreased as well as the ceilometers' aerosol indications (signal counts) although Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) revealed an upper dust layer remained.
Controls on surface soil drying rates observed by SMAP and simulated by the Noah land surface model
Authors: Shellito Peter J. , Small Eric E. , Livneh Ben 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Drydown periods that follow precipitation events provide an
opportunity to assess controls on soil evaporation on a continental scale. We
use SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) observations and Noah simulations
from drydown periods to quantify the role of soil moisture, potential
evaporation, vegetation cover, and soil texture on soil drying rates. Rates
are determined using finite differences over intervals of 1 to 3 days. In the
Noah model, the drying rates are a good approximation of direct soil
evaporation rates, and our work suggests that SMAP-observed drying is also
predominantly affected by direct soil evaporation. Data cover the domain of
the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 and span the first
1.8 years of SMAP's operation. Drying of surface soil moisture observed by SMAP is faster than that
simulated by Noah. SMAP drying is fastest when surface soil moisture levels
are high, potential evaporation is high, and when vegetation cover is low.
Soil texture plays a minor role in SMAP drying rates. Noah simulations show
similar responses to soil moisture and potential evaporation, but vegetation
has a minimal effect and soil texture has a much larger effect compared to
SMAP. When drying rates are normalized by potential evaporation, SMAP
observations and Noah simulations both show that increases in vegetation
cover lead to decreases in evaporative efficiency from the surface soil.
However, the magnitude of this effect simulated by Noah is much weaker than
that determined from SMAP observations.
Acute pulmonary embolism concomitant with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a patient with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lee Wen-Hsien , Lee Meng-Kuang , Liu Chih-Tsung 
Published: March 2018

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have different etiology; however, PE might be concomitant with STEMI in rarely seen patient cases. Here, we present a 62-year-old male with pancreatic cancer who had acute PE and STEMI.
Popular Participation: Why do People Participate in Amateur Theatre?
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Gerður Halldóra 
Published: March 2018

There are about sixty amateur theatre companies in Iceland. Hundreds of people every year participate in various theatrical activities, from staging large and intricate produc­tions to smaller and more intimate readings and programs, attending workshops and seminars, writing plays both short and “full-length”, meeting in groups not only to re­hearse but to practice and develop theatrical crafts. None get paid. Some are even ready to part with fairly large sums for aforementioned workshops and seminars. All of them put in untold work hours and a lot of effort – after they get done with their day jobs. These are not “professionals”. Mostly, they don’t want to be. They have no inter­est in pursuing a theatrical career for a living. They just want to make theatre.In my article I explore what it is that people experience when participating in amateur theatre. The paper will mainly be based on a number of in depth interviews I con­ducted in 2009 and 2010 with people from the Selfoss Amateur Theatre Company, as well as my own experience of being a member of the same company for the last 25 years. Using analytical tools such as thematic analysis and Richard Schechner’s perfor­mance process as a time-space sequence I explore how making theatre creates communities and worlds and gives the participants freedom to let loose and play, if only for a time.
How to Explain Popular to a Dead Hare
Authors: Karulin Ott 
Published: March 2018

In this article the popular is defined with the tools of field theory by Pierre Bourdieu, that is as production with high degree of outer-field economic capital (measured with the number of visits per production). It is also claimed that on some conditions these productions do not lower the degree of autonomy of the field since theatre manages to convert the economic capital to symbolic capital (nominations for annual awards give evidence of the latter). Such a production is called the Full Game. Based on the comparable data of new productions made in Estonia from 2010 to 2015 (1199 in total) the article will introduce a possible methodology of how to calculate the popular in theatre that considers both the number of visits per production in a year and the use of seating capacity. Following that methodology, there were only sixty-one produc­tions during the chosen period that could be titled popular in a sense that they have a very high degree of outer-field success (these productions are visited 2,4 times more often than the average number of visits per production in one calendar year and have the attendance rate of 95% and higher). Taking into account also the inner-field specific consecration (whether they have been nominated for annual theatre awards), only twenty-three popular productions – among them just one comedy, one musical and one operetta – remain in the list of what I have called the Full Game. That is two per cent of all the new productions of the respective time period.The list of Full Games suggests that the specific theatre, where the production is per­formed plays a significant role for a production to become popular. Only four theatres have had more than one Full Game in 2010–15 in Estonia and two of them – Theatre NO99 and Tallinn City Theatre – are used as case studies to find possible strategies of being popular without loosing specific consecration.
GIA Model Statistics for GRACE Hydrology, Cryosphere, and Ocean Science
Authors: Caron L. , Ivins E. R. , Larour E. , Adhikari S. , Nilsson J. , Blewitt G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe provide a new analysis of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) with the goal of assembling the model uncertainty statistics required for rigorously extracting trends in surface mass from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Such statistics are essential for deciphering sea level, ocean mass, and hydrological changes because the latter signals can be relatively small (≤2 mm/yr water height equivalent) over very large regions, such as major ocean basins and watersheds. With abundant new >7 year continuous measurements of vertical land motion (VLM) reported by Global Positioning System stations on bedrock and new relative sea level records, our new statistical evaluation of GIA uncertainties incorporates Bayesian methodologies. A unique aspect of the method is that both the ice history and 1‐D Earth structure vary through a total of 128,000 forward models. We find that best fit models poorly capture the statistical inferences needed to correctly invert for lower mantle viscosity and that GIA uncertainty exceeds the uncertainty ascribed to trends from 14 years of GRACE data in polar regions.
Defects in Solids
Authors: Tilley Richard J.D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe chemical aspects of defects of relevance to inorganic crystalline solids are described, especially the close links with the composition of inorganic nonstoichiometric compounds. Section 2 deals with point defect chemistry, including solid solutions and nonstoichiometry, concluding with a description of the Kroger–Vink point defect notation and the formalism required for the incorporation of defect formation into chemical equations. Section 3 describes defects in near stoichiometric monatomic and polyatomic crystals, including Schottky, Frenkel, and antisite defects, together with formulae for the Gibbs energy associated with defect formation. Section 4 covers the inter‐relationship between point defects and electronic conductivity. This includes a description of the visualization of these interdependencies via the Brouwer diagram formalism. Section 5 describes the defect structures associated with color centers, including the important NV centers in diamond. Compounds that contain extremely disordered and mobile cations are covered in Section 6, while Section 7 is concerned with grossly nonstoichiometric crystals, which includes a description of point defect clusters and their chemistry. Section 8 briefly introduces the concepts of defects in materials in which interpolation and intercalation are important. Section 9 covers extended defects, including dislocations, crystallographic shear and twinning, and the extended defects formed by pentagonal columns. The defect chemistry of modular structures, described with reference to perovskite‐related structures, is also described in this section.
NonhemeFe(II) and α‐Ketoglutarate‐Dependent CarbocyclaseSnoKand EpimeraseSnoN
Authors: Metsä‐Ketelä Mikko , Schneider Gunter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn spite of their close structural similarity (37% amino acid sequence identity), the evolutionary‐related nonheme Fe(II) and α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent carbocyclase SnoK and epimerase SnoN catalyze two very different reactions in the biosynthesis of the aromatic polyketide nogalamycin. The carbocyclization reaction is particularly challenging as it involves the activation of an aliphatic C–H bond and subsequent C–C bond formation with an aromatic ring system. Structural and functional studies have revealed that a limited number of amino acid changes in the active site cleft might be responsible for the complete switch in chemistry, from the challenging C–C bond formation to epimerization at a chiral carbon center. The subtle amino acid changes result in a different positioning of the reactive atoms of the substrate in relation to the Fe(IV)O center in the two enzymes, critical for the differences in catalysis. SnoK and SnoN thus represent striking examples of divergent enzyme evolution, illustrating the appearance of novel chemistry in a metabolic pathway based on the same protein scaffold.
Conceptually Novel Black Phosphorus/Cellulose Hydrogels as Promising Photothermal Agents for Effective Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xing Chenyang , Chen Shiyou , Qiu Meng , Liang Xin , Liu Quan , Zou Qingshuang , Li Zhongjun , Xie Zhongjian , Wang Dou , Dong Biqin , Liu Liping , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Han 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has recently emerged as an intriguing photothermal agent in photothermal therapy (PTT) against cancer by virtue of its high photothermal efficiency, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, naked BP is intrinsically characterized by easy oxidation (or natural degradation) and sedimentation inside the tumor microenvironment, leading to a short‐term therapeutic and inhomogeneous photothermal effect. Development of BP‐based nanocomposites for PTT against cancer therefore remains challenging. The present work demonstrates that green and injectable composite hydrogels based on cellulose and BP nanosheets (BPNSs) are of great efficiency for PTT against cancer. The resultant cellulose/BPNS‐based hydrogel possesses 3D networks with irregular micrometer‐sized pores and thin, strong cellulose‐formed walls and exhibits an excellent photothermal response, enhanced stability, and good flexibility. Importantly, this hydrogel nanoplatform is totally harmless and biocompatible both in vivo and in vitro. This work may facilitate the development of BP–polymer‐based photothermal agents in the form of hydrogels for biomedical‐related clinic applications.
A Polymer Encapsulation Strategy to Synthesize Porous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Nanosphere‐Supported Metal Isolated‐Single‐Atomic‐Site Catalysts
Authors: Han Aijuan , Chen Wenxing , Zhang Shaolong , Zhang Maolin , Han Yunhu , Zhang Jian , Ji Shufang , Zheng Lirong , Wang Yu , Gu Lin , Chen Chen , Peng Qing , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel polymer encapsulation strategy to synthesize metal isolated‐single‐atomic‐site (ISAS) catalysts supported by porous nitrogen‐doped carbon nanospheres is reported. First, metal precursors are encapsulated in situ by polymers through polymerization; then, metal ISASs are created within the polymer‐derived p‐CN nanospheres by controlled pyrolysis at high temperature (200–900 °C). Transmission electron microscopy and N2 sorption results reveal this material to exhibit a nanospheric morphology, a high surface area (≈380 m2 g−1), and a porous structure (with micropores and mesopores). Characterization by aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure confirms the metal to be present as metal ISASs. This methodology is applicable to both noble and nonprecious metals (M‐ISAS/p‐CN, M = Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Pd, etc.). In particular, the Co‐ISAS/p‐CN nanospheres obtained using this method show comparable (E1/2 = 0.838 V) electrochemical oxygen reduction activity to commercial Pt/C with 20 wt% Pt loading (E1/2 = 0.834 V) in alkaline media, superior methanol tolerance, and outstanding stability, even after 5000 cycles.
Access to Furo[2,3‐b]pyridines by Transition‐Metal‐Free Intramolecular Cyclization of C3‐substituted Pyridine N‐oxides
Authors: Wang Dong , Shen Meng , Wang Yuxi , Hu Jianyong , Zhao Junjie , Yu Peng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo transition‐metal‐free synthetic methods for the construction of furo[2,3‐b]pyridines have been developed by intramolecular nucleophilic addition/rearomatization strategy. Remarkable features of the methods include simple operation, wide substrate scope, and easily accessible starting materials.
Pore‐Environment Engineering with Multiple Metal Sites in Rare‐Earth Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Yuan Shuai , Feng Liang , Guo Bingbing , Qin Jun‐Sheng , Xu Ben , Lollar Christina , Sun Daofeng , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMulti‐component metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with precisely controlled pore environments are highly desired owing to their potential applications in gas adsorption, separation, cooperative catalysis, and biomimetics. A series of multi‐component MOFs, namely PCN‐900(RE), were constructed from a combination of tetratopic porphyrinic linkers, linear linkers, and rare‐earth hexanuclear clusters (RE6) under the guidance of thermodynamics. These MOFs exhibit high surface areas (up to 2523 cm2 g−1) and unlimited tunability by modification of metal nodes and/or linker components. Post‐synthetic exchange of linear linkers and metalation of two organic linkers were realized, allowing the incorporation of a wide range of functional moieties. Two different metal sites were sequentially placed on the linear linker and the tetratopic porphyrinic linker, respectively, giving rise to an ideal platform for heterogeneous catalysis.
Dragging the chain: Quantifying continued losses of seagrasses from boat moorings
Authors: Glasby Tim M. , West Greg 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Globally, seagrasses and other estuarine habitats are under threat from a range of human disturbances, including boating‐related activities. The fixed, block‐and‐chain swing moorings used to secure boats in many countries can create visible scars in seagrass meadows and remove other benthic organisms.
Losses of seagrasses in two estuaries in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were quantified using aerial imagery and used to estimate estuarine habitat damage across the remainder of the state. The rate of mooring scar development was approximated and factors influencing the size of mooring scars were identified.
Individually mapped mooring scars in meadows of the endangered Posidonia australis ranged from 55 to 706 m2, and were generally larger than those in the more opportunistic seagrass Zostera muelleri subsp. capricorni (22–342 m2). Scar size in both species of seagrass increased significantly with depth and boat length.
The rate of increase in the size of mooring scars amongst P. australis was roughly linear over 4.8 years, averaging 6.3 m2/month up to a maximum of 16.7 m2/month for one 16‐m yacht.
Across all of NSW, it was estimated that currently leased moorings were causing losses of 129 884 m2 of P. australis and 93 940 m2 of Z. capricorni, and disturbing 2 790 907 m2 of non‐vegetated soft sediments. NSW seagrass loss estimates relate only to damage from current moorings and could be underestimated by ~41% for P. australis if estuaries contain many old scars that remain after the relocation of moorings (as has occurred in Lake Macquarie).
Mandating the use of moorings that do not rely on a chain dragging on the sea bed would greatly reduce future physical damage of benthic habitats and enable some recovery from legacy effects.