bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The signal quality of grades across academic fields
Authors: Thomas James 
Published: January 2019

SummaryI use transcript data from Duke University and a correlated learning model to measure the signal quality of grades across academic fields. I find science, engineering, and economics grades are significantly more informative than humanities and social science grades. The correlated learning structure allows grades in one field to signal abilities in all fields. This sometimes generates information spillovers so powerful that science, engineering, and economics grades inform humanities and social science beliefs more than humanities and social science grades. I show that grade compression reduces signal quality but cannot explain the differences in signal quality across academic fields.
The Ability of Conditioned Media From Stem Cells to Repair Vocal Fold Injuries
Authors: Kim Choung‐Soo , Choi Hyunsu , Kim Sung Won , Sun Dong‐Il 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study investigated the ability of hypoxia‐induced 25‐fold concentrated conditioned media (hCM) from human nasal inferior turbinate‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSC) to repair injured vocal folds during the early phase of the wound‐healing process.MethodsThe vocal fold was injured in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Next, hCM from hTMSC (the hCM group) or hTMSC (the hTMSC group) were injected into the injured vocal folds. As a control, saline (the phosphate‐buffered saline group) or 25‐fold concentrated media (the media group) was injected in the same manner. The vocal folds were harvested for quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 1 week and 2 weeks after injury. Histologic evaluation was performed at 3 weeks postinjury.ResultsIn the hCM group at 1 week after injury, PCR showed that the genes encoding hyaluronan synthase (HAS), HAS 1, and HAS 2 were significantly upregulated compared to the media and normal groups. The gene encoding procollagen III was significantly downregulated compared to the media group. Nearly identical results were obtained for the hTMSC group at 1 week after injury. Histological examination showed that the hCM group was similar to or better than the hTMSC group in collagen deposition and hyaluronic acid production.ConclusionThe injection of hCM into injured vocal folds produced antifibrotic effects in the early phase of wound healing. These effects were equivalent to those produced by the injection of hTMSC. These results provide a foundation for the future clinical use of hCM for vocal fold regeneration.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1867–1875, 2019
Elevated Risk of Split‐Liver grafts in adult liver Transplantation: Statistical Artifact or Nature of the Beast?
Authors: Sasaki Kazunari , Firl Daniel J. , McVey John C. , Schold Jesse D. , Iuppa Giuseppe , Diago Uso Teresa , Fujiki Masato , Aucejo Federico N. , Quintini Cristiano , Eghetsad Bijan , Miller Charles M. , Hashimoto Koji 
Published: January 2019

A recent study using US national registry data reported, using Cox proportional hazards (PH) models, that split‐liver transplantation (SLT) has improved over time and is no more hazardous than whole‐liver transplantation (WLT). However, the study methods violated the PH assumption, which is the fundamental assumption of Cox modeling. As a result, the reported hazard ratios (HRs) are biased and unreliable. This study aimed to investigate whether the risk of graft survival (GS) in SLT has really improved over time, ensuring attention to the PH assumption. This study included 80,998 adult deceased donor liver transplantation (LT) (1998‐2015) from the Scientific Registry Transplant Recipient. The study period was divided into 3 time periods: era 1 (January 1998 to February 2002), era 2 (March 2002 to December 2008), and era 3 (January 2009 to December 2015). The PH assumption was tested using Schoenfeld’s test, and where the HR of SLT violated the assumption, changes in risk for SLT over time from transplant were assessed. SLT was performed in 1098 (1.4%) patients, whereas WLT was used in 79,900 patients. In the Cox PH analysis, the P values of Schoenfeld’s global tests were <0.05 in all eras, which is consistent with deviation from proportionality. Assessing HRs of SLT with a time‐varying effect, multiple Cox models were conducted for post‐LT intervals. The HR curves plotted according to time from transplant were higher in the early period and then decreased at approximately 1 year and continued to decrease in all eras. For 1‐year GS, the HRs of SLT were 1.92 in era 1, 1.52 in era 2, and 1.47 in era 3 (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, the risk of SLT has a time‐varying effect and is highest in the early post‐LT period. The risk of SLT is underestimated if it is evaluated by overall GS. SLT was still hazardous if the PH assumption was considered, although it became safer over time.
MicroRNA Delivery with Bioreducible Polyethylenimine as a Non‐Viral Vector for Breast Cancer Gene Therapy
Authors: Dai Yu , Zhang Xiaojin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolyethylenimines (PEIs) are outstanding macromolecules belonging to the polycations used in gene transfection. The transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of PEIs increase with the increase in their molecular weight. To break up the correlation between transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity for non‐viral gene delivery, disulfide cross‐linked polyethylenimine (PEI‐SS) has been widely employed as highly efficient gene vectors for DNA/siRNA delivery in numerous efforts. In this work, PEI‐SS is described as a non‐viral vector for miRNA delivery for the first time. PEI‐SS is synthesized via cross‐linking using disulfide bonds as the cross‐linker from low molecular weight PEI. PEI‐SS can efficiently bind anti‐miR‐155 to form the polyplex with nano‐sized spherical structures in the size range of 10–100 nm. The polyplex is degraded by glutathione (GSH, a reducing agent) in cancer cells. Anti‐miR‐155 is then released to efficiently inhibit tumor growth.
The World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student initiative: An overview
Authors: Cuijpers Pim , Auerbach Randy P. , Benjet Corina , Bruffaerts Ronny , Ebert David , Karyotaki Eirini , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe college years are a developmentally crucial period and a peak age for the onset of mental disorders.MethodsThe World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student (WMH‐ICS) initiative is aimed at developing and implementing a system for improving prevention and early interventions for mental health problems among college students.ResultsThe initiative consists of three core elements. The first element is a web‐based survey to assess the magnitude and nature of emotional problems, the effects of these problems on students' functioning, and barriers to seeking treatment. All first‐year students in participating colleges are invited to participate, and we plan to expand the survey to all students in the future. The second element is an infrastructure to test internet‐based interventions aimed at the prevention and early intervention in mental health problems. Participating colleges can develop and test internet‐based interventions in randomized trials. The first pilot tests on such interventions now been done. The third element is the dissemination and continuous quality improvement monitoring of the evidence‐based interventions developed in WMH‐ICS.ConclusionsBy addressing these three core elements, the WMH‐ICS aims to integrate epidemiological and clinical research to offer scalable and effective evidence‐based interventions for mental health problems at a critical life course stage.
Evaluation of the post‐LA space index in the normal fetus
Authors: Kawazu Yukiko , Inamura Noboru , Kayatani Futoshi , Taniguchi Takeshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe previously reported the post‐LA space index (PLAS index), which is calculated as left atrial‐descending aorta distance (LD) divided by the diameter of descending aorta (DA), could be useful for prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). In this study, we evaluated PLAS index in normal fetuses to assess its usefulness.MethodsIn 304 normal fetuses, LD and DA were retrospectively measured, and the PLAS index was calculated. In 206 fetuses with data on the biparietal diameter (BPD) and femoral length (FL), the relationship between the PLAS index and them was investigated. We also calculated the PLAS index in 13 TAPVC fetuses.ResultsMean LD was 3.0+/−0.94 mm, mean DA was 4.8+/−0.87 mm, and the mean PLAS index was 0.62+/−0.19. DA and LD were correlated with gestational age (R = 0.52, 0.25), while the PLAS index showed little variation with gestational age (R < 0.2). BPD and FL were correlated with DA (R = 0.4, 0.42) but not with LD or the PLAS index (both R < 0.2). In the TAPVC fetuses, both LD and the PLAS index were significantly higher than in normal fetuses.ConclusionIn normal fetuses, the PLAS index was independent of gestational age and fetal physique and may be useful for raising the suspicion of congenital heart disease, including TAPVC.
Current Controversies in Prenatal Diagnosis 1: Should MRI be performed on all fetuses with mild ventriculomegaly?
Authors: Prayer Daniela , Paladini Dario , Deprest Jan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA ventricular diameter of 10 mm correlates with more than two standard deviations of the normal and hence is qualified as ventriculomegaly. The relevance of this is dependent on whether there are associated infectious, genetic, or structural problems. The chance for neurodevelopmental delay in isolated ventriculomegaly less than 15 mm is 7.9% (4.7‐11.1), and less if it is unilateral. It can be further divided in mild (10‐12) or moderate (13‐15), though this is not widely accepted.As part of the workup, structural assessment today may include ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, or both. Discussants agreed that the diagnostic performance of both methods is as good as the expertise with which the images are acquired and interpreted. Discussants agreed that when the initial neurosonogram is normal, the likelihood of finding significant findings on MRI is low. Nevertheless, some anomalies may only be picked up or better worked out by fetal MRI. In utero follow‐up is advocated, as progression may indicate a poorer outcome, and some conditions are only obvious late in pregnancy. Most benefit for future patients is expected from appropriate training in prenatal neuroimaging.
Morphological, Structural, and Compositional Evolution of Pt–Ni Octahedral Electrocatalysts with Pt‐Rich Edges and Ni‐Rich Core: Toward the Rational Design of Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Shviro Meital , Gocyla Martin , Polani Shlomi , Heggen Marc , Zitoun David , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe progress in colloidal synthesis of Pt–Ni octahedra has been instrumental in rising the oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity high above the benchmark of Pt catalysts. This impressive catalytic performance is believed to result from the exposure of the most active catalytic sites after an activation process, chemical or electrochemical, which leads to a Pt surface enrichment. A foremost importance is to understand the structure and the elemental distribution of Pt–Ni octahedral, which leads to an optimal catalytic activity and stability. However, the factors governing the synthesis of the Pt–Ni octahedra are not well understood. In this study, unprecedented surface atomic segregation of Pt atoms in a Ni‐rich Pt–Ni octahedral nanoparticle structure is established by advanced electron microscopy. The Pt atoms are almost exclusively located on the edges of the Pt–Ni octahedra. This structure is formed in a pristine form, i.e., prior to any chemical or electrochemical etching. A new growth mechanism is revealed, which involves the transformation from an octahedron with a Pt‐rich core to a Ni‐rich octahedron with Pt‐rich edges. This observation may pave the way for a deeper understanding of this class of Pt–Ni octahedral nanoparticles as an electrocatalyst.
Tunable Wide‐Bandwidth Resonators Based on Layered Gallium Sulfide
Authors: Chitara Basant , Ya'akobovitz Assaf 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWide‐bandwidth and high‐frequency operation are the two desired properties from resonators in a wide range of applications, such as communication devices, energy harvesters, inertial sensors, and electronic components. However, achieving both of these prerequisites along with detectable vibration amplitudes is very challenging. Herein, nano‐electromechanical resonators based on layered gallium sulfide (GaS) are demonstrated. These resonators show resonance frequencies in the range of 10–25 MHz under ambient conditions and a bandwidth of hundreds of kilohertz, which can be simply tuned by predetermining the dimensions of the devices. Therefore, this study emphasizes that, in addition to excellent performances in electronic and optoelectronic applications, GaS can also be implemented as a high performance core element in nanoresonator applications.
Cover Image, Volume 75, Issue 2
Authors: Sparks Thomas C , Crouse Gary D , Demeter David A , Samaritoni Geno , McLeod Casandra L 
Published: January 2019

The front cover image is based on the Spotlight Discovery of highly insecticidal synthetic spinosyn mimics ‐ CAMD enabled de novo design simplifying a complex natural product by Thomas C Sparks et al., DOI: 10.1002/ps.5217.
image
Probing the Heterogeneity of Ionic Liquids in Solution through Phenol‐Water Phase Behavior.
Authors: Verma Abhineet , Prasad Namburi Eswara , Srivastava Jyoti , Saha Satyen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhenol‐water system is important considering its resemblances to biological systems. Here, we explore this phenol‐water system to get crucial information on ionic liquids (ILs). Comparative studies on the effect of high melting salts, micelles and ionic liquids (ILs) reveal interesting facts: while normal high melting salts such as KCl, CsCl and ionic surfactants (above and below critical micelle concentration (CMC)) show only an enhancement of critical solution temperature (CST) along with no substantial change in the shape of phase diagram, TX‐100 shows an interesting trend. Below CMC, TX‐100 shows normal trend while complete deviation is observed above CMC. When IL is added at various concentrations in the phenol‐water system, the concentration‐dependent effect on the phase diagram is observed. While at the low concentration, it follows the normal trend, at higher concentration phase diagram deviates drastically. The concentration at which this deviation is observed is termed here as Critical Ionic Liquid Aggregation Concentration (CILAC). Above CILAC, ILs exert an effect that resembles the effect of TX‐100 micelles in the phenol‐water phase diagram. Viscosity measurements of the system substantiate these data. Based on our observations, we propose that imidazolium chloride ILs constitute elliptical aggregates similar to TX‐100 (having ∼300 Å length) in solution above CILAC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the possible shape and size of ILs aggregation in solution.
The Phosphates ‐ Skipped Reaction Products in the Octahedron‐like Yb and Lu‐Doped Ceria Synthesis.
Authors: Małecka M. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn unexpected aggregation effect observed for the octahedron‐like mixed oxides (Ce1‐x(Yb or Lu)xO2‐x/2), but unobserved for the pure ceria crystals, has been described and explained. The aggregation effect is probably due to the presence of Na3PO4*12H2O as a base and Yb3+ in the reaction (octahedrons synthesis) mixture. During the hydrothermal synthesis process, the small octahedron‐like mixed oxide crystals undergo the aggregation process, but in a very specified way. In the pure ceria samples, the octahedral crystals of CeO2 and the rod‐like crystals of cerium phosphate have been observed on the HRTEM images. On the other hand, on the HRTEM images collected for the Ce‐Yb (or Ce‐Lu) mixed oxides, only octahedral aggregates of the octahedron‐like crystals have been found. The EDX measurements show that the amount of phosphorus in case the doped and pure ceria are very similar. The thin layer of P‐phase plays a role of “glue” for the crystals, but at the same time prevent the growth of mixed oxide crystallites. Considering the presence of phosphates in the octahedron like pure and doped ceria particles is crucial to the correct description of the shape dependency of the properties in the ceria based materials.
1,10‐Phenanthrolin‐1‐ium Trinitromethanide (1,10‐PHTNM) as a Nano Molten Salt Catalyst With Y‐Aromatic Counter Ion: Applications for Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Authors: Dashteh Mohammad , Baghery Saeed , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Bayat Yadollah , Asgari Asiye 
Published: January 2019

Abstract1,10‐Phenanthrolin‐1‐ium trinitromethanide (1,10‐PHTNM) as a novel nano molten slat with Y‐aromatic counter ion was synthesized and fully characterized by using various techniques such as FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass, TGA, DTG, XRD, SEM and TEM. A series of organic compounds include 1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles, tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran, pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrans, bispyrazole, 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinolones, hexahydroacridine‐1,8‐diones and methylenebis(3‐hydroxy‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐enones) were synthesized in the presence of 1,10‐PHTNM as a novel and efficient proton sponge nano molten slat catalyst. According to the results of FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrum of 1,10‐PHTNM and due to high electron charge density and none bonded repulsion of lone pair electrons between two nitrogen atoms (peri‐effect), this catalyst is a type of proton sponge.
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide (GO/ZnO) Nanocomposite and Its Utilization for Photocatalytic Degradation of Basic Fuchsin Dye
Authors: Durmus Zehra , Kurt Belma Zengin , Durmus Ali 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, graphene oxide/zinc oxide (GO/ZnO) nanocomposite was prepared by the decoration of thermally expanded and chemically oxidized graphite oxide nanosheets with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized via two‐step sol‐gel deposition method and used as an effective photocatalyst for degradation of basic fuchsin (BF) dye. Structural properties of GO/ZnO nanocomposite were characterized with X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) methods, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area measurement. It was found that the GO/ZnO nanocomposite formed a two‐dimensional (2D) structure having a composition of 0.54GO/0.46ZnO (w/w) and average ZnO partic le size of 25–30 nm. The band gap of ZnO nanoparticles onto GO nanosheets was found to be 3.25 eV while that of bulk ZnO nanoparticles was determined as 3.70 eV. Photocatalytic degradation works were performed into a UV‐chamber by following the concentration of BF dye. Degradation reaction was modeled with the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood pseudo first‐order kinetic model. GO/ZnO nanocomposite increased the apparent reaction rate constant (k) about three times compared to bulk ZnO nanoparticles under UV light.
A Base‐ and Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Terminal Alkyl Alkynes
Authors: Ying Wei‐Wei , Bao Wen‐Hui , Xu Xu‐Dong , Wang Yi‐Ning , Song Si‐Zhe , Liang Hongze , Dong Youren , Wei Wen‐Ting , Liu Yan‐Yun , Li Qiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA practical synthetic route to 1,3‐diynes from terminal alkyl alkynes through copper‐catalyzed oxidative coupling is developed. The remarkable features of this oxidative coupling including the base‐ and ligand‐free construct of C−C bond, mild reaction conditions, as well as wide substrate scope that is particularly compatible with some terminal alkyl alkynes.
Development of a Noninvasive Method for Early Stage Lung Cancer Diagnosis Based on Methylation Analysis of SHOX2 and PTGER4
Authors: Yin Wei , Zhu Junjie , Gonzalez‐Rivas Diego , Liu Ming , Song Nan , Xu Xinnan , Jiang Gening , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe oncogenesis of lung cancer is often accompanied by significant methylation abnormalities, which offer a practical and efficient method for diagnosis. Considering that early diagnosis is of great significance for improving the therapeutic effect of lung cancer, the current study aims to develop a diagnostic method based on methylation level analysis. A specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction system, which quantitatively determines the methylation level of SHOX2 and PTGER4 genes, is constructed. Samples used in this reaction system are obtained through noninvasive means, that is, by enriching cell‐free DNA from peripheral blood. 1303 peripheral blood samples, 475 samples from healthy controls and 828 from patients with nonmalignant lung diseases or lung cancer are collected. The specificity and sensitivity of this system to diagnose early stage lung cancer (stage Tis0 and I) are 95.4% and 68.6%, respectively. When the system is used to detect samples from healthy controls or benign lung disease patients, the specificity and sensitivity reach as high as 96.0% and 92.4%, respectively. These findings suggest that screening early stage lung cancer lesions through determining the methylation of SHOX2 and PTGER4 genes in cell‐free DNA represents a promising tool for clinical application.
Masting of rowan Sorbus aucuparia L. and consequences for the apple fruit moth Argyresthia conjugella Zeller
Authors: Kobro Sverre , Søreide Linda , Djønne Endre , Rafoss Trond , Jaastad Gunnhild , Witzgall Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMasting of rowan Sorbus aucuparia L. has been studied in 45 sites in southern Norway for 22 years. We present data on the year‐to‐year variation in fruit setting of rowan, and show that masting is spatially synchronous in Norway and probably all over Fennoscandia. The apple fruit moth Argyresthia conjugella Zeller is an important seed predator on rowan. We present data on the abundance of apple fruit moth in rowanberries during these years and discuss the consequences of masting and intermasting of rowan for apple fruit moth as a pest of apple. We conclude that growth and climate have little impact on flowering intensity and suggest that masting of rowan is an adaptive defense against seed predation and a new example of predator satiation: intermast years inhibit predators and prepare the rowan for the subsequent mast.