bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCAOB inspection deficiencies and future financial reporting quality: Do the types of deficiencies matter?
Authors: Constance Patience , Lennox Clive , Li Chan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether PCAOB inspection reports are useful for signaling the risk of misstatements in future periods and the extent to which different types of audit deficiencies predict future misstatements. We find that, after the inspection report is issued, PCAOB‐identified audit deficiencies are positively associated with future misstatements for the audit firm's entire client portfolio. When we examine different types of deficiencies, we find that an auditor's failure to understand the client's accounting procedures or policies is the most detrimental type of deficiency for future reporting quality. We also examine the deficiency types for Big 4 versus non–Big 4 firms separately. The results show that an auditor's failure to understand the client's accounting procedures or policies is the only deficiency type that is positively associated with future misstatements for Big 4 firms. For non–Big 4 firms, however, future misstatements are predicted by an auditor's failure to understand the client's accounting procedures or policies, inadequate substantive testing, and inadequate going‐concern assessments. Our study has important implications given the concerns raised by auditors regarding the usefulness of PCAOB inspections.
Major sight‐threatening eye disorders and mental disorders
Authors: Dong Xing‐Xuan , Hu Hui‐Hui , Ying Zhi‐Qi , Chen Dong‐Ling , Xie Jia‐Yu , Li Dan‐Lin , Hu Dan‐Ning , Lanca Carla , Grzybowski Andrzej , Pan Chen‐Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to: (a) investigate the comorbidities of major sight‐threatening eye disorders with mental disorders, (b) investigate the associations and prevalence of reported comorbidities and (c) identify potential influencing factors. A systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from inception to 30 December 2023. Studies that presented only laboratory results or used non‐representative sampling methods were excluded. Meta‐analyses were performed using the inverse variance method with a random‐effects model. A total of 67 studies were included in the analysis. The most prevalent comorbidities were diabetic retinopathy (DR) and depression (pooled prevalence of 30%) and DR and anxiety (pooled prevalence of 29%). Significant associations were found between glaucoma and depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21–1.66), glaucoma and anxiety (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.22–3.66), glaucoma and schizophrenia (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.28–1.50), age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and depression (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.18–1.57), and DR and depression (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06). Income was identified as a significant contributing factor to the prevalence of comorbidity between glaucoma and depression. Major sight‐threatening eye disorders were significantly associated with mental disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. The burden of comorbidity between major sight‐threatening eye disorders and mental disorders is not optimistic and may be influenced by income disparities. Healthcare providers are encouraged to assess and manage potential comorbidities to optimize patient outcomes.
Tracking technical change: Past, present and future
Authors: Alexopoulos Michelle , Cohen Jon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProductivity growth in many countries has remained low for several years. Whether new technologies can reverse the trend depends on the scope of their impact and scale of their adoption—two dimensions of technical change that are historically difficult to measure. Here, we elaborate on the materials and methods presented in Alexopoulos's presidential address at the 2024 Canadian Economics Association meeting. Specifically, we discuss how applying natural language processing and text mining to library collections and cataloguing materials can help: (i) identify new technologies as they come to market and (ii) track their uses and spread over time. We further describe how our insights can be used to uncover general purpose technologies and macro‐innovations in both the past and the present. An application to current data suggests that AI and robotics are responsible for an increasing share of recent technical change. Moreover, they resemble past early‐stage general purpose technologies and thus do promise a reversal in productivity trends as their adoption increases. Going forward, our new methods should be especially useful to economists and policy‐makers who need to track future development and adoption of key technologies—especially during periods of rapid innovation.
Embedding equity and inclusion in universities through motivational theory and community‐based conservation approaches
Authors: Yasué Maï , Weinstein Netta , Harris Sara E. , Chiang I‐Chant A. , Legate Nicole , Moore Ashley J. , Joe Nadia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite widespread plans to embed justice, equity, decolonization, indigenization, and inclusion (JEDII) into universities, progress toward deeper, systemic change is slow. Given that many community‐based conservation (CBC) scholars have experience creating enduring social change in diverse communities, they have transferable skills that could help embed JEDII in universities. We synthesized the literature from CBC and examined it through the lens of self‐determination theory to help identify generalizable approaches to create resilient sociocultural change toward JEDII in universities. Fostering autonomous motivation (i.e., behaving because one truly values and identifies with the behavior or finds behavior inherently satisfying) is critical to inspiring enduring change in both CBC and JEDII. Based on theory and our examination of CBC, we provide 5 broad recommendations that helped motivate behavioral change in a way that was self‐sustained (i.e., even without external rewards or pressure). Guiding principles support autonomy by creating meaningful choice and different entry points for JEDII; prioritising relationships; designing payment programs that enhance autonomous motivation; developing meaningful educational opportunities that are relevant, timely, relational, and authentic; and creating institutional change by focusing efforts on critical moments.
Perspectives on inclusion, safety, and belonging from members of the North American LGBTQIA+ conservation community
Authors: Collins Amy C. , Feuka Abigail B. , Nelson Jasmine , Verahrami Anahita K. , Bombaci Sara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConservation scientists work in diverse settings, sometimes requiring them to exist in spaces where they do not feel safe, included, or accepted. This is often the case for the LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, asexual, and others) community, which is frequently marginalized in conservation spaces. We conducted an anonymous, semistructured, online survey of members and nonmembers of the LGBTQIA+ community of conservation students and professionals in North America to explore participants’ lived experiences in conservation. Our 737 responses (response rate 26.8%) included 10% who identified as genderqueer, gender nonconforming, questioning, nonspecific, genderfluid, transgender woman, agender, transgender man, 2‐spirit Indigenous, or intersex (gender expansive), and 29% as bisexual, queer, lesbian, gay, asexual, pansexual, omnisexual, questioning, or nonheterosexual (queer+). We found that non‐LGBTQIA+ respondents overestimated the degree to which LGBTQIA+ respondents felt included in the field of conservation by 5% (sexual orientation) and 18% (gender identity). Respondents’ feelings of safety and belonging were up to 50% lower in most work settings compared with non‐LGBTQIA respondents; the lowest frequencies were reported by gender expansive respondents (40.9–64.4%). Contextual responses indicated that the lack of safety and belonging related to direct experiences of bullying (23 long‐form descriptions out of 73 gender expansive respondents and 15 of 217 queer+ respondents), concerns around safety in rural settings (4 of 73 gender expansive respondents and 20 of 217 queer+ respondents), and concerns around not being able to express their authentic selves (7 of 73 gender expansive respondents and 5 of 217 queer+ respondents). The intersection between gender identity and race also played a role in feelings of safety, belonging, and disclosure of sexual orientation (1 of 73 gender expansive respondents, 6 of 217 queer+ respondents). The most frequent support resources used by LGBTQIA+ conservation scientists included one‐on‐one support from peers, mentors and external collaborators, support group, and wellness and counseling services outside of work.
Work From Home Model: An Exploration Into the Experiences of Working Mothers in the Service Sector: The Case of Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Echebiri Chukwuemeka , Mathibe Motshedisi , Echebiri Chiaka Martin , Osuigwe Ubochioma Udo S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the influence of societal norms and maternal duties on the Work‐From‐Home model and the experiences of mothers in the service sector in Sub‐Saharan Africa. While working from home has received attention, there is a lack of understanding regarding the specific challenges working mothers face in this region, which is characterized by gender role expectations. Through qualitative interviews with 15 mothers, balancing work, home responsibilities, and childcare, this research sheds light on the increased tension between work and family when the home becomes the primary workplace, considering cultural norms and expectations. The findings reveal that remote working has disproportionately affected working mothers in Sub‐Saharan Africa, negatively impacting their overall well‐being.
Healthcare Professionals' Views on the Use of Passive Sensing and Machine Learning Approaches in Secondary Mental Healthcare: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rogan Jessica , Firth Joseph , Bucci Sandra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionGlobally, many people experience mental health difficulties, and the current workforce capacity is insufficient to meet this demand, with growth not keeping pace with need. Digital devices that passively collect data and utilise machine learning to generate insights could enhance current mental health practices and help service users manage their mental health. However, little is known about mental healthcare professionals' perspectives on these approaches. This study aims to explore mental health professionals' views on using digital devices to passively collect data and apply machine learning in mental healthcare, as well as the potential barriers and facilitators to their implementation in practice.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 multidisciplinary staff who work in secondary mental health settings. Interview topics included the use of digital devices for passive sensing, developing machine learning algorithms from this data, the clinician's role, and the barriers and facilitators to their use in practice. Interview data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants noted that digital devices for healthcare can motivate and empower users, but caution is needed to prevent feelings of abandonment and widening inequalities. Passive sensing can enhance assessment objectivity, but it raises concerns about privacy, data storage, consent and data accuracy. Machine learning algorithms may increase awareness of support needs, yet lack context, risking misdiagnosis. Barriers for service users include access, accessibility and the impact of receiving insights from passively collected data. For staff, barriers involve infrastructure and increased workload. Staff support facilitated service users' adoption of digital systems, while for staff, training, ease of use and feeling supported were key enablers.ConclusionsSeveral recommendations have arisen from this study, including ensuring devices are user‐friendly and equitably applied in clinical practice. Being with a blended approach to prevent service users from feeling abandoned and provide staff with training and access to technology to enhance uptake.Patient or Public ContributionThe study design, protocol and topic guide were informed by a lived experience community group that advises on research projects at the authors' affiliation.
Understanding clinical library services as knowledge mobilisation activities: Mixed method evaluation of an Evidence Access service in a mental health trust
Authors: Steele Rachel , Knowles Sarah , Daniel Sarah , Gavaghan Samantha , Churchill Rachel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccess to tailored evidence syntheses can support frontline clinical staff to make evidence‐informed care decisions, but evaluation of such services requires understanding of user needs within context.ObjectivesWe evaluated an Evidence Access service by clinical librarians in a mental health trust in northern England to assess impacts on staff decision making and identify areas for improvement.MethodsThe evaluation was guided by the integrated Promoting Action on Research in Health Services framework. We evaluated the service through a survey, semi‐structured interviews, and service mapping with the library team.ResultsStaff who used the service valued it highly and particularly appreciated the rapid response and trusting relationships with library staff. Mental health nurses required proactive support to encourage them to access the service.DiscussionThe service could be used to generate clinically relevant research questions in collaboration with researchers, but would require support for the negotiation of the value of different questions and understanding of each other's needs and priorities.ConclusionsAn Evidence Access service provided by a clinical librarian is highly valued by mental health staff. Collaboration between researchers and clinicians to identify and respond to evidence gaps would require commitment to building relationships and capacity.
Trends and disparities in antiretroviral therapy prescription rates among US Medicare beneficiaries with HIV
Authors: Yu Xiaoying , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Dike Ashley A. , Efejuku Tsola , Raji Mukaila A. , Berenson Abbey B. , Giordano Thomas P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescription rates over time among US Medicare enrolees with HIV and to describe disparities in ART prescription and associated factors.MethodWe constructed successive cross‐sectional cohorts including adult enrollees with HIV and fee‐for‐service coverage and Part D enrolment in US Medicare between 2007 and 2019. We calculated the percentage of receipt of any ART prescription (ART%) in a calendar year by sex, age, and original Medicare entitlement and calculated age–sex standardized ART% over time. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between ART prescription and sociodemographic factors and chronic conditions by age strata (<65, ≥65 years) in 2019.ResultsART% increased over time and was highest among people with HIV aged 50–64 years in 2019: 95% in males and 92% in females. Multivariable analysis showed that female sex was associated with less ART%, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.70) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.30–0.39), than male sex in those aged <65 and ≥65 years, respectively. The youngest and oldest enrollees had lower ART use (e.g., OR 0.43 [95% CI 0.34–0.54] for 18–29 vs. 50–64 years; OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.30–0.39] for ≥80 vs. 65–69 years). The top conditions associated with less ART included dementia and alcohol use disorder. Other factors included no Part D low‐income subsidy, non‐Hispanic white race, and Midwest residence.ConclusionsART use increased over time in US Medicare enrollees. Non‐Hispanic white, female, and the youngest and oldest enrollees received less ART. Multimorbidity, substance use, and dementia were associated with less ART use. Research to overcome these disparities is needed.
Optimising the Nursing Scope of Practice in a Homeless Health Service: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Thompson Cristina , Morris Darcy , Larkin Matthew , McWilliams Lucy , Vasquez‐Hernandez Alejandro , Currie Jane 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore specialist homeless health professionals' perceptions of gaps in homeless health care and understand whether these might be addressed through existing nursing scopes of practice.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews and focus groups with a purposive sample of 22 staff in nursing (11) and non‐nursing (11) roles, engaged with a Homeless Health Service. Data were collected via videoconferencing and recordings transcribed verbatim. An exploratory framework guided deductive and inductive thematic analysis.ResultsService gap themes included the need for integration with mainstream health services, more specialised health professionals, and adaptations to the existing models of care. Addressing these gaps involved enhancements to the broad scope of nursing practice, workforce development by establishing homeless health as a nursing specialty and optimising organisational governance to minimise risk.ConclusionThe most pressing homeless health service delivery gap was lack of health service integration, and it was unclear how this could be resolved through nursing scopes of practice. Other service gaps could be addressed through skilling nurses to practice preventative health care, as well as crisis management. Enhancing nurses' capability in physical and mental health assessment skills including alcohol and other drugs and procedural skills would support wraparound care for people experiencing homelessness. We conclude that a homeless health nursing specialty could be established that formalises the scope of practice of nurses in this field to ensure future post‐graduate training aligns with service gaps.ImpactThis study identifies opportunities to optimise nursing scopes of practice to address Homeless Health Service gaps through reviewing models of care and nursing practice. For example, enhancing nurses' capability to provide preventative and wraparound care. This research may inform a development pathway to enhance education and training for nurses working with vulnerable populations.Reporting MethodsCOREQ 32‐item checklist.No patient or public contribution.
The efficacy of behavioral sleep intervention on sleep problems among children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: El‐Monshed Ahmed Hashem , Loutfy Ahmed , El‐Boraie Haitham , El‐Gilany Abdel‐Hady , Fayed Sara Mohamed , Elzeiny Amina , El‐Gazar Heba Emad , Ali Ahmed Salah , Zoromba Mohamed Ali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), affecting 5% of global children, presents inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Sleep problems, prevalent in 70% of cases, exacerbate long‐term psychosocial challenges.AimThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of behavioral sleep intervention in alleviating sleep problems, enhancing quality of life (QoL), and reducing ADHD symptom severity among children diagnosed with ADHD.MethodA randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2022 to April 2023. The intervention group (n = 47) engaged in a hybrid approach, participating in both face‐to‐face and Zoom sessions, while the control group (n = 45) received standard care. Data collection involved administering the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD‐RS‐IV).ResultsSignificant enhancements were observed in CSHQ (p ≤ 0.001, effect size = 1.913), PedsQL (p ≤ 0.001, effect size = 1.862), and a notable reduction in ADHD‐RS‐IV (p ≤ 0.001, effect size = 1.548). These findings highlight the intervention's efficacy in improving sleep quality, QoL, and reducing ADHD symptomatology.ConclusionThis trial contributes substantially to understanding behavioral sleep interventions' impact on ADHD‐affected children, enhancing quality of life and ADHD symptomatology. The study highlights the importance of individualized care for optimal outcomes in children with ADHD.Clinical RelevanceThe study's findings underscore the potential for integrating behavioral sleep interventions into routine nursing practices, offering a valuable approach to address sleep‐related challenges in children with ADHD. By focusing on sleep improvement, nurses can contribute to enhancing overall well‐being and emotional regulation in these children within the context of comprehensive healthcare.
Two in one: A case study of two rhizocephalan species invading the nervous tissue of one host
Authors: Lianguzova A. D. , Poliushkevich L. O. , Laskova E. P. , Golubinskaya D. D. , Arbuzova N. A. , Petruniak A. M. , Miroliubov A. M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCertain parasites can manipulate their hosts to enhance their own fitness and transmission success. Rhizocephalan barnacles are a notable example, inducing significant changes in their crustacean host's morphology, physiology, and behaviour. Until recently, it was believed that the spider crab Scyra aff. ferox is parasitized by a single species Sacculina pilosella in the Sea of Japan. However, previous molecular studies have revealed a complex of unrelated species, Sacculina pugettiae (fam. Sacculinidae) and Parasacculina pilosella (fam. Polyascidae). These rhizocephalans can even parasitize one host specimen simultaneously. Here, we investigated the interaction of S. pugettiae and P. pilosella with the nervous system of their common host. Species were identified based on receptacle morphology, with further validation through 18S gene phylogenetic analysis. The parasites interacted differently with the host nervous system: S. pugettiae had goblet‐shaped organs in the ganglion periphery, while P. pilosella lacked these structures, instead possessing numerous neuropil rootlets. In case of simultaneous infection, both goblet‐shaped organs and neuropil rootlets were present. Histochemistry revealed the presence of muscular rosettes in the rootlets of both species, suggesting a similar organization of the muscular system despite phylogenetic differences. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of host cell projections enveloping the rootlets. This study provides insights into the morphological features of rhizocephalan‐decapod interaction and highlights differences in their interaction with host nervous tissue between families. Our results also confirmed the loss of the goblet‐shaped organs in Polyascidae.