bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological and Geophysical Investigation of Streamflow Losses and Restoration Strategies in an Abandoned Mine Lands Setting
Authors: Cravotta Charles A. , Sherrod Laura , Galeone Daniel G. , Lehman Wayne G. , Ackman Terry E. , Kramer Alexa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Longitudinal discharge and water-quality campaigns (seepage runs) were combined with surface geophysical surveys, hyporheic zone temperature profiling, and watershed-scale hydrological monitoring to evaluate the locations, magnitude, and impact of stream-water losses from the West Creek sub-basin of the West West Branch Schuylkill River into the underground Oak Hill Mine complex that extends beneath the watershed divide. Abandoned mine drainage, containing iron and other contaminants, from the Oak Hill Boreholes to the West Branch Schuylkill River was sustained during low-flow conditions and correlated to streamflow lost through the West Creek streambed. During high-flow conditions, streamflow was transmitted throughout West Creek; however, during low-flow conditions, all streamflow from the perennial headwaters was lost within the 300 to 600 m “upper reach,” where an 1889 mine map indicated steeply dipping coalbeds underlie the channel. During low-flow conditions, the channel within the “intermediate reach,” 700 to 1,650 m downstream, gained groundwater seepage with higher pH and specific conductance than upstream; however, all streamflow 1,650 to 2,050 m downstream was lost to underlying mines. Electrical resistivity and electromagnetic conductivity surveys indicated conductive zones beneath the upper reach, where flow loss occurred, and through the intermediate reach, where gains and losses occurred. Temperature probes at 0.06 to 0.10 m depth within the hyporheic zone of the intermediate reach indicated potential downward fluxes as high as 2.1 × 10−5 m/s. Cumulative streamflow lost from West Creek during seepage runs averaged 53.4 L/s, which equates to 19.3 percent of the daily average discharge of abandoned mine drainage from the Oak Hill Boreholes and a downward flux of 1.70×10−5 m/s across the 2.1 km by 1.5 m West Creek stream-channel area.
Seepage Investigation For Remedial Grouting, Crafton Hills Reservoir, California
Authors: Nichols Holly J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Engineering geologists are often tasked with a dam or levee seepage problem that needs to be repaired, but it is not clear where the seepage pathway is, how fast the seepage is flowing, or how best to repair the problem area. This article discusses a dam seepage area at the Crafton Hills Reservoir in San Bernardino County, CA. Upon refilling the enlarged reservoir, new seepage was observed in unexpected locations. Although the seepage amount appeared to be small, project managers decided to seal off the new seepage pathway utilizing subsurface grouting so the seepage would not become a long-term problem. In order to develop an effective remedial grouting program, additional subsurface information was needed. It was already known that the foundation materials are variable, likely have a variety of hydraulic conductivity values, and may respond differently to grouting depending on the pressures applied. Several methods were employed to determine the primary seepage pathway(s) and the range of pressures to use that would provide the most effective grout penetration. Although the geologic investigation led to some contradictory and unexpected results, the use of multiple testing methods provided a much better understanding of the foundation rock, which led to a more robust remedial grouting plan.
An Overview of the ULU Gold Deposit, High Lake Volcanic Belt, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: FLOOD E. , KLEESPIES P. , TANSEY M. , MUNTANION H. , CARPENTER R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
BHP Minerals discovered the Archean lode gold ULU deposit on the western margin of the High Lake Volcanic Belt in 1989. The greenschist to amphibolite facies mafic volcanic and sedimentary rocks on the property are folded into a 5 km-long anticline. There is a close spatial association of Au-As zones to the trace of this F2 ULU anticline. The largest of these auriferous zones, the Flood zone, is localized at the core of the fold. The southeast-trending Flood zone consists of several anastomosing lenses that have been traced for 435 m on surface. Overall, it dips steeply (70° to 80°) to the southwest and has been intersected to depths below 600 m. The hosting high-iron tholeitic basalt displays a lower amphibolite mineral assemblage of ferrohornblende + plagioclase + ilmenite with accessory quartz and epidote. Alteration minerals include biotite, chlorite, hornblende, actinolite-tremolite, and potassium feldspar (microcline) with minor calcite, epidote, tourmaline, and titanite. The highest gold values occur where brecciated basaltic wall-rock clasts are replaced by acicular arsenopyrite + quartz + K-feldspar. BHP Minerals completed 54,783 m of both exploration and resource development drilling before selling the ULU property to Echo Bay Mines in 1995. Development of ULU as a satellite deposit to Echo Bay’s Lupin mine began in 1996. A -15% ramp was extended to the 155-meter level, and 16,011 m of underground drilling were completed before the decline in gold prices forced a suspension of activities at ULU in August 1997. The current owners, Wolfden Resources Inc., drilled 18,569 m in 2004 to increase confidence in the resource blocks. Following this drill program, a revised resource calculated by an independent consultant determined that the ULU deposit contains an inferred/indicated mineral resource of 1,130,000 t grading 11.34 g/t gold (373,748 oz) to the 360-m level. The portal was re-opened in 2005 and a prefeasibility study is underway.
Toxicity of Povidone-Iodine to the Ocular Surface of Rabbits
Authors: Kim Sun Young , Ahn Yong Sun , Lee Yeo Jin , Kim Hyun Seung 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

We evaluated the toxicity of 5% (w/v) povidone-iodine (PI) applied to the ocular surface of rabbits.

Methods

Twenty three white rabbits were divided into four groups; these were a control group and three study groups in which the ocular surface was exposed to PI for different times. In control group, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was applied once for 10 minutes. In study groups, 5% (w/v) PI was topically applied once for 1 minute, 3 minutes, and 10 minutes, and then the animals were observed for 7 days. The Schirmer test, Rose Bengal staining, corneal fluorescein staining and conjunctival impression cytology were performed on day 0, 3, and 7. After 7 days, the rabbits were sacrificed and conjunctiva and cornea were collected and evaluated by light and electron microscope. Immunofluorescence staining was also performed to detect mucin 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC).

Results

The decrease in goblet cell density, reductions in MUC5AC level and histopathological and ultrastructural changes of conjunctiva and cornea were more prominent in the 5% (w/v) PI groups than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, these changes were more prominent when PI was applied for 3 and 10 minutes rather than 1 minute (both p values < 0.05).

Conclusions

5% (w/v) povidone-iodine caused damages to the ocular surface in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, we should be aware of that excessive PI exposure during ophthalmic procedures could be a pathogenic factor of dry eye syndrome after surgery.
Title Spironolactone for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy - a pilot study
Authors: Yu Xiaoli , Tang Juanjuan , Song Yu , Cao Xin , Qian Tianwei , Li Xinxin , Yu Suqin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
AIM

To estimate the efficacy of oral spironolactone in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

METHODS

This was a pilot study consisting of patients who were diagnosed with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy for at least a 6-month duration. This study included 75 eyes of 74 patients who were treated with spironolactone (20 mg orally, twice daily) for 8 weeks. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subretinal fluid (SRF), central macular thickness (CMT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were each measured at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks.

RESULTS

In our study, 75 eyes of 74 patients (49 men and 25 women) were included. The mean BCVA was 0.39 ± 0.25 at baseline, 0.29 ± 0.19 at 4 weeks and 0.23 ± 0.19 at 8 weeks. The BCVA at 4 weeks and 8 weeks was significantly improved compared to the baseline BCVA (p = 0.000). The mean SRF and the mean CMT decreased significantly at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (p = 0.000). The mean SFCT decreased slightly at 4 weeks and 8 weeks but without significance compared to the baseline (p = 0.654).

CONCLUSION

Spironolactone can competitively bind to mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), reduce glucocorticoid binding or reduce endogenous activation of MR. It is possible to improve the visual acuity and safety of patients with chronic CSC by reducing the high permeability of the choroid membrane and by promoting the absorption of the subretinal fluid.
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease on dialysis—a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lin Chien-Yu , Lu Chien-Lin , Lin Lian-Yu , Chen Pau-Chung , Lu Kuo-Cheng , Yeih Dong-Feng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Although renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade has been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population and high risk subjects, their protective effect in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients under dialysis was still unknown.
Methods: By using the database from 1995 to 2008 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (Registry for Catastrophic Illnesses), we included 387 ADPKD patients who received dialysis therapy, aged ≥18 year-old, and with no evidence of CVD events in 1997 and 1998. We utilized Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and propensity score matching to evaluate adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality and CVD events in users (n=231) and nonusers (n=156) of an angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitor (ACEI) / angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) during the 12 years of follow-up.
Results: All study subjects were followed up for more than 3 months. Compared with the control group, the ACEI/ARB treatment group did not have favorable outcome including acute coronary syndromes, receiving coronary intervention, cerebral vascular events, peripheral artery disease, heart failure and overall mortality. The results remain similar between groups before and after propensity score matching. Moreover, there was no significant difference in outcomes between ACEI/ARB treatment over 50% of follow-up period and without ACEI/ARB treatment after propensity score matching.
Conclusions: We found ACEI or ARB usage is not associated with a reduction of cardiovascular events and survival benefit in our nationwide cohort study of ADPKD patient on dialysis from Taiwan. Further larger scale, multicenter and randomized control trials are warranted to show the causal association.
Quantitative Response of Healthy Muscle Following the Induction of Capsaicin: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Evans Valerie , Behr Michael , Masani Kei , Kumbhare Dinesh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a prevalent chronic pain disorder primarily characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrP). There is limited knowledge on the pathophysiology and mechanisms underlying MTrP and its development. Research has previously demonstrated the identification of MTrPs using ultrasound and vibration sonoelastography, although there is some contradictory evidence regarding if MTrPs present as hyper or hypoechoic regions. Electromyography (EMG) investigations of MTrP have demonstrated that MTrP are usually located proximal to innervation zones where the peak surface EMG signals are obtained from. Central sensitization has been proposed as the primary mechanism underlying MTrP development. Central sensitization is associated with hyperexcitability of neuronal responses to normal or noxious stimuli. There is a need for a study that measures ultrasound image textural changes and motor unit activity responses in the muscle following sensitization. The purpose of this study is to determine whether sensitizing healthy muscle using capsaicin induces a regional change in image texture variables within the specific and surrounding muscles, as well as the motor unit frequency and amplitude changes that accompany them.This is an exploratory trial that aims to provide preliminary evidence on whether central sensitization is a direct cause of taut band and MTrP development.
Methods: The study conforms to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials recommendations. Ethical approval will be sought from the University Health Network (UHN) Research Ethics Board. This proposed study is a single centered, factorial, randomized placebo-controlled trial with two independent variables, depth of capsaicin application and dose of capsaicin, for a total of four treatment arms and two control treatment groups.
Discussion: This will be the first study that assesses the B-mode ultrasound image texture of induced sensitized muscles, and will provide more evidence on muscle motor unit activity and regional changes of central sensitization. Findings from this study may support one of few hypotheses proposed delineating the involvement of central sensitization in the development of trigger points.
Physical activity had significant association with lower body fat percentage among middle-aged adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2015
Authors: Zou Qinpei , Su Chang , Du Wenwen , Ouyang Yifei , Wang Huijun , Wang Zhihong , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

As with the unprecedented economic and social development in China, physical activity (PA) have decreased dramatically and body fat percentage (BF%) have varied. In the lasted large scale field investigation, we described the distribution of PA and BF%, and their association across the entire percentiles.

Methods

Based on data from China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS) in 2015, 5763 participants aged 40-64 years coming from 15 provinces were included. PA was calculated as metabolic equivalent task hours per day (MET·h/d). BF% was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test the difference of PA among gender, age, BMI groups, education, income, region and urbanization. Gender-Body mass index (BMI)-stratified quantile regression (QR) analyses were utilized to describe the association between PA and BF% distribution.

Results

A part of non-overweight/obese participants had high body fat. Older adults, overweight/obese group, higher education, higher income, residents of central China and higher urbanization had lower PA. Participants who engaged in vigorous PA had median BF% 2.0% and 1.5% lower than the slightly PA group (23.4%, 34.8%) for men and women, respectively. For every additional hour of moderate PA (4.5 MET·h/d), the total BF% was reduced by a median of 0.0290%, 0.0539% and 0.0699% in the 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles respectively, and 0.0490%, 0.0854% and 0.0998% in trunk BF% at the correspondingly percentiles respectively. The association between PA and total BF% was the strongest in normal weight obesity participants than others. Females and the non-overweight/obese group had more statistical significant coefficients at multiple percentiles than males and the overweight/obese group, respectively.

Conclusions

In middle-aged adults in China, a part of normal weight obesity persons were in non-overweight/obese group and women prone to gain fat mass with BMI increasing but muscle in men. Individuals with vigorous PA had lower BF% comparing with slightly active ones, and an extra moderate leisure PA per day was recommended, especially for normal weight obesity and abdominal adipose individuals.
Gender differences and occupational factors in the risk of obesity in the Italian working population.
Authors: Tecco Cristina Di , Fontana Luca , Adamo Giovanna , Petyx Marta , Iavicoli Sergio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a multifactorial condition and a major risk factor associated with several non- communicable diseases, as cardiovascular diseases, and with a higher risk of premature death and disability. Sex-specific factors play a key role and must be taken into consideration in studying occupational factors associated to the risk of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in Body Mass Index in a large cohort representative of Italian workers and, correlating this index with several demographic and occupational variables to verify differences due to the gender and work in the risk of obesity.
Methods
We utilized data from INSuLa, a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of the Italian workers population conducted in 2013 by the Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority to investigate the health and safety at work. Analysis were run on a large sample of 8,000 Italian workers, aged from 16 to 64 years, representative of the Italian working population. Logistic regression models were carried out to assess gender differences in the association between occupational characteristics and Body Mass Index. We adjusted for age, education, variables related to health protection at work and chronic conditions and diseases.
Results
Findings showed several differences among males and females in the Body Mass Index due to exposure to several occupational factors, as occupational sector. Among the others, female shift workers were 1.32 times (95% CI = 1.11-1.57) more likely to be overweight or obese compared to normal workers, this association is maintained when controlling for confounders. A significant increase of 1.5-1.6 times in the likelihood of overweight or obesity was observed among women who worked 1-2 night shifts per week.
Conclusions
Gender-specific differences in studying occupational factors associated to the risk of obesity are useful in the view of characterizing the risk of obesity and contributing to the identification of workplace-targeted intervention strategies.
Modelling Local Patterns of Children Mortality. A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis.
Authors: Lome-Hurtado Alejandro , Mendoza Jacques Lartigue , Trujillo Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: The number of death children at the international scale are still high, but with proper spatially-targeted health public policies this number could be reduced. In Mexico, children mortality is a particular health concern due to its alarming rate all throughout North America. The aims of this study are i) to model the change of children mortality risk at the municipality level, (ii) to identify municipalities with high, medium and low risk over time and (iii) to ascertain potential high-risk municipalities across time, using local trends of each municipality in Greater Mexico City.
Methods: The study uses Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis to control for space-time patterns of data. This allow to model the geographical variation of the municipalities within the time span studied.
Results: The analysis shows that most of the high-risk municipalities are in the north, west, and some in the east; some of such municipalities show an increasing children mortality risk over time. The outcomes highlight some municipalities which show a medium risk currently but are likely to become high risk along the study period. Finally, the odds of children mortality risk illustrate a decreasing tendency over the 7-year framework.
Conclusions: Identification of high-risk municipalities may provide a useful input to policy-makers seeking out to reduce the incidence of children mortality, since it would provide evidence to support geographical targeting for policy interventions.
FunFam protein families improve residue level molecular function prediction
Authors: Scheibenreif Linus Mathias , Littmann Maria , Orengo Christine , Rost Burkhard 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

The CATH database provides a hierarchical classification of protein domain structures including a sub-classification of superfamilies into functional families (FunFams). We analyzed the similarity of binding site annotations in these FunFams and incorporated FunFams into the prediction of protein binding residues.

Results

FunFam members agreed, on average, in 36.9±0.6% of their binding residue annotations. This constituted a 6.7-fold increase over randomly grouped proteins and a 1.2-fold increase (1.1-fold on the same dataset) over proteins with the same enzymatic function (identical Enzyme Commission, EC, number). Mapping de novo binding site prediction methods (BindPredict-CCS, BindPredict-CC) onto FunFam resulted in consensus predictions for those residues that were aligned and predicted alike (binding/non-binding) within a FunFam. This simple consensus increased the F1-score (for binding) 1.5-fold over the original prediction method. Variation of the threshold for how many proteins in the consensus prediction had to agree provided a convenient control of accuracy/precision and coverage/recall, e.g. reaching a precision as high as 60.8±0.4% for a stringent threshold.

Conclusions

The FunFams outperformed even the carefully curated EC numbers in terms of agreement of binding site residues. Additionally, we assume that our proof-of-principle through the prediction of protein binding residues will be relevant for many other solutions profiting from FunFams to infer functional information at the residue level.
Antioxidant Activity of Spirulina platensis and Sea Cucumber Stichopus hermanii in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hema Aprilia Setyo Windari  , Kustiariyah Tarman  , Mega Safithri  , Iriani Setyaningsih  
Published: July 2019

Uncontrolled blood glucose level of diabetic people can lead to the production of excessive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as the trigger of lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant can defend the human body from overreacting to lipid peroxidation. The study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of Spirulina platensis and sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii based on the number of blood serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes’ activity of red blood cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A group of Sprague Dawley rats (n=3) were the normal group (aquadest 2 mL/day, p.o.) and group of DM, Sp (S. platensis 81 mg/kg body weight; p.o.), Tr (S. hermanii 284 mg/kg body weight; p.o.), (Combination S. platensis 81 mg/kg + S. hermanii 284 mg/kg body weight; p.o.) prior to a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg body weight; i.p.). The results showed that S. platensis, sea cucumber (S. hermanii), and the mixture could suppress rats’ body weight by 2–7%. The MDA concentration of liver organ of rats prior to STZ administration increased. However, the STZ administration did not significantly increase MDA concentration of blood serum and decreased activity SOD and CAT of red blood cells in the normal group for 14 days. This study concluded that Spirulina platensis demonstrated antioxidant activity indicated by the reduction of MDA level in the liver of diabetic rats induced by STZ (50 mg/kg body weight; i.p.).