bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Study of Syntactic Errors in English Writing on Fossilization Theory
Authors: Huang Yi 
Published: September 2018

SLA researchers have long been baffled why native-like attainment is rare among adult L2 learners. They have been contributing to approaching the conundrum through the lens of fossilization (Selinker, 1972). Fossilization has aroused more and more attentions at home and abroad since proposed. This thesis consists of major five chapters. The Introduction section mainly introduces the origin and significance of study and outlines the fossilization research achievements at home and abroad from different facets, in which many foreign researchers provide their theoretical basis for the language fossilization, especially for the double effect on foreign language writing, whereas the domestic researchers make a lot of empirical studies that explore the correlation between language fossilization and instruction at different levels. Based on the foregoing analysis, the last chapter puts forward two objective proposals about teaching strategies and classroom activities for high school teachers. On one hand, the English writing teaching approach should be distinguished from the colloquial speech teaching approach because L2 writing pertains to a more formal language output, and the correct output of language forms should not be overlooked when concerning that of language meaning. Only on the basis of the correct language forms, language meaning will be naturally closer to the target language.
Reduced colonic mucin degradation in breastfed infants colonized by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001
Authors: Karav Sercan , Casaburi Giorgio , Frese Steven A. 
Published: September 2018

Mucin glycoproteins play an important role in protecting the gut epithelium by keeping gut microbes from direct contact with the gut epithelium while allowing for diffusion of small molecules from the lumen to the epithelium. The mucin glycocalyx can be degraded by gut bacteria such as Bacteroides and Akkermansia, but other bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Infantis, cannot consume mucin glycans. Untargeted mass spectrometry profiles were compared to microbiome profiles to assess how different gut microbiomes affect colonic mucin degradation. Samples obtained from nine infants colonized by Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001 and from 10 infants colonized by higher levels of mucolytic taxa (controls), including Bacteroides, were compared. Previously performed untargeted nano‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐chip/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to detect and quantify glycans originating from colonic mucin. Colonic mucin‐derived O‐glycans from control infants composed 37.68% (± 3.14% SD) of the total glycan structure pool, whereas colonic mucin‐derived O‐glycans made up of only 1.78% (± 0.038% SD) of the total in B. infantis EVC001 samples. The relative abundance of these colonic mucin‐derived O‐glycans in the total glycan pool was higher among control, 26.98% (± 8.48% SD), relative to B. infantis‐colonized infants, 1.68% (± 1.12% SD). Key taxa, such as Bacteroidaceae, were significantly and positively correlated with the abundance of these structures, while Bifidobacteriaceae were significantly and negatively associated with these structures. These results suggest that colonization of infants by B. infantis may diminish colonic glycan degradation and help maintain barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract of infants.
Decreased plasma C‐reactive protein levels in APOE ε4 allele carriers
Authors: Martiskainen Henna , Takalo Mari , Solomon Alina , Stančáková Alena , Marttinen Mikael , Natunen Teemu , Haapasalo Annakaisa , Herukka Sanna‐Kaisa , Kuusisto Johanna , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia , Laakso Markku , Hiltunen Mikko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveApolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a well‐established risk factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we assessed the effects of APOE polymorphism on cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammation‐related parameters in population‐based cohorts.MethodsAssociation of cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammation‐related parameters with the APOE polymorphism in a large Finnish Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) cohort and Finnish Geriatric Intervention study to prevent cognitive impairment and disability (FINGER) were investigated. Brain‐specific effects were addressed in postmortem brain samples.ResultsIndividuals carrying the APOE ε4 allele displayed significantly elevated serum/plasma LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels. APOE ε3ε4 and ε4ε4 significantly associated with lower levels of plasma high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP). Plasma amyloid‐β 42 (Aβ42) and reduced hs‐CRP levels showed an association independently of the APOE status.InterpretationThese data suggest that the APOE ε4 allele associates with lower levels of hs‐CRP in individuals without dementia. Moreover, Aβ42 may encompass anti‐inflammatory effects reflected by reduced hs‐CRP levels.
2D Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorbers for Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wu Qing , Zhang Feng , Chen Lingling , Jin Xinxin , Hu Yuwei , Zheng Zheng , Zhang Han 
Published: September 2018

Abstract2D nanomaterials are emerging as a promising platform for ultrashort‐pulse fiber laser technology. This review presents a catalog of the factors affecting the nonlinear optical properties of 2D nanomaterials and the recent progress in processing and integration strategies into saturable absorber devices as versatile, wideband ultrafast optical switches for fiber‐based‐laser short‐pulse generation. Particular focus is on black phosphorus, and a summary of the current status of black‐phosphorus‐based pulsed lasers is given, which provide new potential efficacy for this and other 2D nanomaterials in ultrafast photonic technology.
Colloidal Self‐Assembly Concepts for Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Mayer Martin , Schnepf Max J. , König Tobias A. F. , Fery Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetallic nanostructures exhibit strong interactions with electromagnetic radiation, known as the localized surface plasmon resonance. In recent years, there is significant interest and growth in the area of coupled metallic nanostructures. In such assemblies, short‐ and long‐range coupling effects can be tailored and emergent properties, e.g., metamaterial effects, can be realized. The term “plasmonic metasurfaces” is used for this novel class of assemblies deposited on planar surfaces. Herein, the focus is on plasmonic metasurfaces formed from colloidal particles. These are formed by self‐assembly and can meet the demands of low‐cost manufacturing of large‐area, flexible, and ultrathin devices. The advances in high optical quality of the colloidal building blocks and methods for controlling their self‐assembly on surfaces will lead to novel functional devices for dynamic light modulators, pulse sharpening, subwavelength imaging, sensing, and quantum devices. This progress report focuses on predicting optical properties of single colloidal building blocks and their assemblies, wet‐chemical synthesis, and directed self‐assembly of colloidal particles. The report concludes with a discussion of the perspectives toward expanding the colloidal plasmonic metasurfaces concept by integrating them with quantum emitters (gain materials) or mechanically responsive structures.
Enantioselective Lewis Acid Catalyzed ortho Photocycloaddition of Olefins to Phenanthrene‐9‐carboxaldehydes
Authors: Stegbauer Simone , Jandl Christian , Bach Thorsten 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVisible‐light irradiation (λ=457 nm) enabled the enantioselective ortho photocycloaddition of olefins to phenanthrene‐9‐carboxaldehydes (15 examples, 46–93 % yield, 82–98 % ee). A chiral oxazaborolidine Lewis acid (20 mol %) was employed as the catalyst. It operates by coordination to the aldehyde inducing a bathochromic absorption shift beyond the nπ* absorption of the uncomplexed aldehyde. At long wavelengths the Lewis acid complex is exclusively excited; within the complex, one enantiotopic face of the aromatic aldehyde is efficiently shielded. Lewis acid coordination also alters the type selectivity and the simple diastereoselectivity of the photocycloaddition.
All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality Trends of End‐Stage Renal Disease Due to Lupus Nephritis From 1995 to 2014
Authors: Jorge April , Wallace Zachary S. , Zhang Yuqing , Lu Na , Costenbader Karen H. , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveA prior study showed that premature mortality among patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) due to lupus nephritis (LN) persisted in the US between 1995 and 2006. The present study was undertaken to extend this analysis through 2014 to examine more recent trends, including key cause‐specific mortality trends.MethodsUsing the national registry of patients with ESRD, we identified all patients with incident ESRD due to LN between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014, divided into four 5‐year cohorts of ESRD onset by calendar year (1995–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014). We assessed mortality within each cohort. Temporal trends in all‐cause mortality and cause‐specific mortality were examined, adjusting for covariates.ResultsWe identified 20,974 individuals with incident ESRD due to LN from 1995 through 2014. The mortality rate per 100 patient‐years declined from 11.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 10.4–11.8) in 1995–1999 to 6.7 (95% CI 6.2–7.2) in 2010–2014 (P for trend < 0.01). Adjusted mortality hazard ratios in 2010–2014, compared with 1995–1999, were 0.68 (95% CI 0.58–0.78) for white patients, 0.67 (95% CI 0.57–0.78) for African American patients, and 0.51 (95% CI 0.38–0.69) for Hispanic patients. Deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infection declined by 44% and 63%, respectively, from 1995–1999 to 2010–2014 (P for trend < 0.01 for both).ConclusionIn the more recent years of the period 1995–2014, there was a considerable reduction in all‐cause mortality among white, African American, and Hispanic patients, with reduced risk of death from CVD and infection. Collectively, these trends provide an important benchmark of improving care in this high‐risk population.
Evidence for Genetic Contribution to Variation in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Chinzei Nobuaki , Rai Muhammad Farooq , Hashimoto Shingo , Schmidt Eric J. , Takebe Ken , Cheverud James M. , Sandell Linda J. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveRecombinant inbred mouse strains generated from an LG/J and SM/J intercross offer a unique resource to study complex genetic traits such as osteoarthritis (OA). We undertook this study to determine the susceptibility of 14 strains to various phenotypes characteristic of posttraumatic OA. We hypothesized that phenotypic variability is associated with genetic variability.MethodsTen‐week‐old male mice underwent surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) to induce posttraumatic OA. Mice were killed 8 weeks after surgery, and knee joints were processed for histology to score cartilage degeneration and synovitis. Micro–computed tomography was used to analyze trabecular bone parameters including subchondral bone plate thickness and synovial ectopic calcifications. Gene expression in the knees was assessed using a QuantiGene Plex assay.ResultsBroad‐sense heritability ranged from 0.18 to 0.58, which suggested that the responses to surgery were moderately heritable. The LGXSM‐33, LGXSM‐5, LGXSM‐46, and SM/J strains were highly susceptible to OA, while the LGXSM‐131b, LGXSM‐163, LGXSM‐35, LGXSM‐128a, LGXSM‐6, and LG/J strains were relatively OA resistant. This study was the first to accomplish measurement of genetic correlations of phenotypes that are characteristic of posttraumatic OA. Cartilage degeneration was significantly positively associated with synovitis (r = 0.83–0.92), and subchondral bone plate thickness was negatively correlated with ectopic calcifications (r = −0.59). Moreover, we showed that 40 of the 78 genes tested were significantly correlated with various OA phenotypes. However, unlike the OA phenotypes, there was no evidence for genetic variation in differences in gene expression levels between DMM‐operated and sham‐operated knees.ConclusionFor these mouse strains, various characteristics of posttraumatic OA varied with genetic composition, which demonstrated a genetic basis for susceptibility to posttraumatic OA. The heritability of posttraumatic OA was established. Phenotypes exhibited various degrees of correlations; cartilage degeneration was positively correlated with synovitis, but not with the formation of ectopic calcifications. Further investigation of the genome regions that contain genes implicated in OA, as well as further investigation of gene expression data, will be useful for studying mechanisms of OA and identifying therapeutic targets.
Continuous Finite‐Time Sliding Mode Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Applications to DC‐DC Buck Converters
Authors: Zhao Zhenhua , Li Shihua , Yang Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the continuous finite‐time control problem of high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances through the terminal sliding mode control method. By constructing a novel dynamic terminal sliding manifold based on the disturbance estimations of high‐order sliding mode observers, a continuous finite‐time terminal sliding mode control method is developed to counteract mismatched disturbances. To avoid discontinuous control action, the switching terms of a dynamic terminal sliding manifold are designed to appear only in the derivative term of the control variable. To validate its effectiveness, the proposed control method is applied to a DC‐DC buck converter system. The experimental results show the proposed method exhibits better control performance than a chattering free controller, such as mismatched disturbances rejection and smaller steady‐state fluctuations.
Bayesian statistical process control for Phase I count type data
Authors: Tsiamyrtzis Panagiotis , Hawkins Douglas M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCount data, most often modeled by a Poisson distribution, are common in statistical process control. They are traditionally monitored by frequentistcorucharts, by cumulative sum and by exponentially weighted moving average charts. These charts all assume that the in‐control true mean is known, a common fiction that is addressed by gathering a large Phase I sample and using it to estimate the mean. “Self‐starting” proposals that ameliorate the need for a large Phase I sample have also appeared. All these methods are frequentist, ie, they allow only retrospective inference during Phase I, and they have no coherent way to incorporate less‐than‐perfect prior information about the in‐control mean. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian procedure that can incorporate prior information, allow online inference, and should be particularly attractive for short‐run settings where large Phase I calibration exercises are impossible or unreasonable.
First detection and molecular characterization of a DENV‐1/DENV‐4 co‐infection during an epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Bruycker‐Nogueira Fernanda , Faria Nieli Rodrigues da Costa , Nunes Priscila Conrado Guerra , Nogueira Rita Maria Ribeiro , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo , dos Santos Flavia Barreto 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageIn the 80s, dengue viruses type 1 and 4 (DENV‐1 and 4) were isolated in North region of Brazil. However, it was only after the DENV‐1 introduction in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) in mid‐1980s, that dengue became a nationwide public health problem. In 2009, this serotype re‐emerged causing an explosive epidemic in the country. DENV‐4 was first detected in RJ in 2011 and in 2012, and DENV‐1 and 4 were co‐circulating and responsible for a high number of cases notifications. Here, we describe the detection and molecular characterization of a DENV‐1/4 co‐infection in sample of 2012 in RJ.
Process Modeling, Simulation and Optimization: From Single Solutions to a Multitude of Solutions to Support Decision Making
Authors: Asprion Norbert , Bortz Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBesides experimentation process simulation is a key technology in process development. Process simulation supports design, analysis and operation of chemical processes and plants. A systematic use of process simulation and optimization in the process development workflow is beneficial for both the process model and experiments and enables to be more efficient and effective in process design. In the following it will be discussed how the application of process simulation and optimization has to be broadened to provide decision support for process development.
Efficacy and safety of short‐term dual antiplatelet therapy (≤6 months) after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Misumida Naoki , Abo‐Aly Mohamed , Kim Sun Moon , Ogunbayo Gbolahan O. , Abdel‐Latif Ahmed , Ziada Khaled M. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPatients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at increased risk for subsequent ischemic events.HypothesisShort‐term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (≤6 months) is inferior to standard or long‐term DAPT in patients who undergo PCI for ACS events.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared short‐term (≤6 months) to long‐term (≥12 months) DAPT after PCI for ACS. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database.ResultsTen randomized controlled trials, including a total of 12 696 patients, met our inclusion criteria. For short‐term DAPT, duration of therapy ranged from 3 to 6 months, while long‐term DAPT ranged from 12 to 24 months. The majority of studies used clopidogrel and second‐generation drug‐eluting stents. No statistically significant difference was found between short‐term and long‐term DAPT with regard to myocardial infarction (odds ratio 1.21; 95% confidence interval 0.94‐1.57; P = 0.14), stent thrombosis (odds ratio 1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.00‐2.38; P = 0.052), or major bleeding events (odds ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval 0.49‐1.11; P = 0.14). There was no significant difference in all‐cause mortality, cardiac death, or net adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis demonstrated that short‐term DAPT (<6 months) after PCI for ACS was not associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis when compared to long‐term DAPT.
An Update on Patents Covering Agents That Interfere with the Cancer Glycolytic Cascade
Authors: Fortunato Serena , Bononi Giulia , Granchi Carlotta , Minutolo Filippo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany tumors exhibit altered metabolic characteristics relative to normal and healthy tissues. Their metabolic profile highlights a strong prevalence of glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation, regardless of their exposure to different oxygen levels (the Warburg effect). This condition originates from a set of gene regulations, consisting of the overexpression of some enzymes or transporters involved in the glycolytic pathway. Therefore, these effectors may constitute appealing targets for the implementation of selective therapeutic interventions against cancer. Recently, significant progress has been made in the discovery of molecules that act at various levels of the glycolytic pathway of tumor cells. So far, some of the most widely explored targets of the glycolytic cascade are represented by glucose transporters, hexokinase, 6‐phosphofructokinase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and monocarboxylate transporters. The purpose of this minireview is to provide an update on some of the most recently patented bioactive molecules that are able to interfere with cancer glycolysis, and on their use in specific combination therapies.
Molecular investigation of FGFR3 gene mutation and its correlation with clinicopathological findings in Indian bladder cancer patients
Authors: Ahmad Firoz , Mahal Vishal , Verma Geeta , Bhatia Simi , Das Bibhu Ranjan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMolecular alteration of FGFR3 gene is the most common genetic event currently known in bladder cancer. Notably, FGFR3 mutation has emerged as a promising molecular biomarker for recurrence, prognosis, and therapeutic target in bladder cancer.AimThe present study explored the frequency and distribution pattern of FGFR3 mutation in 100 Indian bladder cancer patients.Methods and resultsExons 7, 10, and 15 were subjected to nested PCR followed by bidirectional sequencing of the PCR products. Overall, FGFR3 gene mutations were identified in 19 bladder cancer patients (19%, 19 of 100). Most of the mutations were noted in exon 7 (15%), followed by exon 10 (4%). All mutations detected were missense in nature affecting amino acids at codons 248, 249, and 373. The S249C mutations were the most recurrent mutation seen in exon 7, while Y373C was commonly observed in exon 10. In contrast to exons 7 and 10, no mutations were seen in exon 15 in this study. Females and older age patients tend to show increased frequency of FGFR3 mutations. Furthermore, FGFR3 mutations were more common in low pathological stage (6/20 pTa and 13/71 pT1) and low‐grade tumors (13/46). This predominance in low‐grade tumors were significantly high in comparison to high‐grade tumor (P = .04). Likewise, FGFR3 mutations were significantly higher in well‐differentiated tumors (32.6%, 14/43) in comparison to moderately differentiated tumors (11.3%, 5/44), and poorly differentiated tumor (0%, 0/13) (P = .007). No other association of FGFR3 with tumor size, necrosis, and variant histology was noted.ConclusionsThe current study highlights the spectrum of FGFR3 mutation in Indian patients, and the data presented here are similar to those reported from across the globe.
Interfacial Sulfur Functionalization Anchoring SnO2 and CH3NH3PbI3 for Enhanced Stability and Trap Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zhen , Kamarudin Muhammad Akmal , Huey Ng Chi , Yang Fu , Pandey Manish , Kapil Gaurav , Ma Tingli , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTrap states at the interface or in bulk perovskite materials critically influence perovskite solar cells performance and long‐term stability. Here, a strategy for efficiently passivating charge traps and mitigating interfacial recombination by SnO2 surface sulfur functionalization is reported, which utilizes xanthate decomposition on the SnO2 surface at low temperature. The results show that functionalized sulfur atoms can coordinate with under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions near the interface. After device fabrication under more than 60 % humidity in ambient air, the efficiency of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells based on sulfur‐functionalized SnO2 increased from 16.56 % to 18.41 % with suppressed hysteresis, which resulted from the accelerated interfacial charge transport kinetics and decreased traps in bulk perovskite by interfacial sulfur functionalization. Additionally, thermally stimulated current studies show the decreased trap density in the shallow trap area after interfacial sulfur functionalization. The interfacial sulfur functionalized solar cells without sealing also exhibited considerable retardation of solar cell degradation with only 10 % degradation after 70 days air storage. This work demonstrates a facile sulfur functionalization strategy by using xanthate decomposition on SnO2 surfaces to obtain highly efficient perovskite solar cells.