bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The IRF5 rs2004640 (G/T) polymorphism is not a genetic risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus in population from south India
Authors: Devaraju Panneer , Mehra Sonal , Gulati Reena , Antony Paul T. , Jain Vikramraj K. , Misra Durga Prasanna , Negi Vir Singh 
Published: August 2018

Background & objectives:
Genetic aberrations disrupting toll-like receptor and interferon homeostasis enhance the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Raised serum interferon-alpha (IFN-α) levels in SLE patients have been ascribed to polymorphism (rs2004640 G/T) in interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene, resulting in enhanced transcript splicing. A positive association between IRF5 polymorphism and SLE risk has been reported in many populations. This study was aimed to find out frequency of IRF5 rs2004640 G/T polymorphism in patients with SLE and healthy controls and to assess its influence on susceptibility, clinical and serological characteristics of SLE.

Methods:
IRF5 rs2004640 (G/T) polymorphism was analyzed in 300 SLE patients and 460 age and sex matched controls by real-time PCR.

Results:
The IRF5 rs2004640 (G/T) polymorphism did not confer risk of SLE or influence clinical or serological phenotype. However, the mutant allele conferred a borderline risk to develop thrombocytopenia (odds ratio: 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.97–4.3, P=0.06) in patients with SLE.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our study revealed that the IRF5 rs2004640 polymorphism was not a risk factor for SLE in population from south India. It may, however, be a useful genetic marker for thrombocytopenia in SLE patients. Although we could not demonstrate susceptibility toward lupus in the presence of IRF5 rs2004640 (G/T) polymorphism, further exploration of the genetic variability of IRF5 may help uncover its pathogenic role in Indian SLE patients.
Accidental Strangulation While Playing with Hammock in a Child
Authors: Anitha C. , Jagadishkumar K. , Nanda N. , Meghana M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn children, strangulation is a fatal injury due to asphyxia, a terminal event of partial or complete hanging. Homemade hammocks are routinely used as a cradle which is potentially dangerous. We are hereby reporting a 12-year-old female with accidental strangulation occurring as a result of swinging on a hammock made of saree and also in a view to educate the public about the hazards of using homemade hammocks.
Bedside Intracranial Hematoma Evacuation and Intraparenchymal Drain Placement for Spontaneous Intracranial Hematoma Larger than 30cc in Volume: Institutional Experience and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Carson Tyler , Ghanchi Hammad , Billings Marc , Cortez Vladimir , Sweiss Raed , Miulli Dan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Many studies have looked at the benefits of surgical intervention for ICH. Recent results for Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Recombinant Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator for Intracerebral Hemorrhage-II trials have shown promise for a minimally invasive clot evaluation on improving perihematomal edema. Often rural or busy county medical centers may not have the resources available for immediate operative procedures that are nonemergent. In addition, ICH disproportionally affects the elderly which may not be stable for general anesthetics. This study looks at a minimally invasive bedside approach under conscious sedation for evacuation of ICH. Materials and Methods: Placement of the intraparenchymal hemorrhage drain utilizes bony anatomical landmarks referenced from computed tomography (CT) head to localize the entry point for the trajectory of drain placement. Using the hand twist drill intracranial access is gained the clot accessed with a brain needle. A Frazier suction tip with stylet is inserted along the tract then the stylet is removed. The clot is then aspirated, and suction is then turned off, and Frazier sucker is removed. A trauma style ventricular catheter is then passed down the tract into the center of hematoma and if no active bleeding is noted on postplacement CT and catheter is in an acceptable position then 2 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator are administered through the catheter and remaining clot is allowed to drain over days. Results: A total of 12 patients were treated from October 2014 to December 2017. The average treatment was 6.4 days. The glascow coma scale score improved on an average from 8 to 11 posttreatment with a value of P is 0.094. The average clot size was reduced by 77% with a value of P = 0.0000035. All patients experienced an improvement in expected mortality when compared to the predicted ICH score. Discussion: The results for our series of 12 patients show a trend toward improvement in Glasgow Coma Scale after treatment with minimally invasive intraparenchymal clot evacuation and drain placement at the bedside; although, it did not reach statistical significance. There was a reduction in clot size after treatment, which was statistically significant. In addition, the 30-day mortality actually observed in our patients was lower than that estimated using ICH score. Based on our experience, this procedure can be safely performed at the bedside and has resulted in better outcomes for these patients.
An explicit method of mesoscale convective storm prediction for the central region of Russia
Authors: Gubenko Inna M. , Kurbatova Maria M. , Rubinstein Konstantin G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. This work presents simulation results of the storm observed on the
13–14 July 2016 over the Central region of Russia. The Cumulonimbus
cloud (Cb) electrification model coupled with the numerical weather prediction
model WRF-ARW were used for this study. The prognostic values of the electric
field magnitude were compared with observations. Forecast scores were
obtained. The results show that the proposed approach of explicit modelling of
the electric field is applicable to short-term forecasting of intense
convection and passage tracking of storms. Obtaining varying values of the
electric field could help to identify the diversity of hazardous weather
phenomena associated with convection.
Espaço e técnica no triângulo mineiro: uma geoliteratura do mundo rural
Authors: Lacerda de Brito Adriana , Cristina dos Santos Joelma 
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender as relações entre o espaço e a técnica na geoliteratura do mundo rural do Sertão de Passagens, antigo Triângulo Mineiro. Para isso, utilizaremos as obras Sertão da Farinha Podre. Romance histórico dos primórdios IPIACUPA (2013), de Ernesto Rosa, e o livro Nos confins do Sertão da Farinha Podre, de Mário Lara (2009). Para os temas abordados, recorreremos a uma “literatura menor” que possa contribuir para uma interpretação das relações entre a sociedade e a natureza que se desenham na região. O mundo rural, construído no lugar do sertão de outrora, surge aos poucos, a partir dos avanços relacionados à modernidade, orientando-se pela mediação técnica que aparece na constituição do território e da paisagem, e compreende o espaço geográfico em sua completude. Dessa forma, representações do mundo rural cercam o espaço das obras analisadas, contribuindo para interpretações do espaço, à medida que se reconhecem não apenas os limites da técnica, mas também a essência do espaço.
Coremática: um olhar geográfico sobre o espaço
Authors: De Oliveira Fonseca Charles , Célio Valadão Roberto 
Published: August 2018

É notório o já estabelecido diálogo entre a geografia e a cartografia, uma vez que esta última surge da primeiracomo forma de comunicação por meio da representação gráfica. Todavia, a evolução dessas áreas conduziu à especialização e ao afastamento entre elas. Na cartografia, a contribuição de diversas ciências, sobretudo as exatas, ressignificou as bases de produção de mapas euclidianos, sistematizados e informativos. Assim, asrepresentações da cartografia passaram não mais a atender ntegralmente aos interesses da geografia, pois não priorizam as espacialidades. A subutilização do potencial cartográfico para fins geográficos incentivou novas formas de representação do espaço. Entre elas, destaca-se a coremática, por constituir mais que um método, ao se ater aos princípios da fundamentação geográfica; nela, as bases euclidianas deixam de constituir um conceito fundamental na criação de modelos gráficos, embora não as ignore. Este artigo trata desse afastamento entre geografia e cartografia, cotejando a coremática como possibilidade de representação no contexto da cartografia geográfica. Apresenta-se aqui ainda o estudo dos conflitos socioambientais em curso na Serra do Gandarela e entorno, serra essa localizada no Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG), como pano de fundo para se demonstrar a contribuição da modelização coremática na análise de fatos e fenômenos do ponto de vista geográfico.
The Unique Structure of the Pronoun "you" in Arabic Variety Associated with This Pronoun in Term of Gender and Number
Authors: Alsufyani Samah 
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the second person pronoun in Arabic with much focus on how this pronoun can affect the antecedent; the word that the pronoun stands for. Obviously, the Arabic pronoun "you" can have various types to encode the gender and the number of the addressee. The detailed matter of this pronoun can be noticed when the person to whom we direct the talk is masculine or feminine and if this person singular, dual or plural. All these concepts have a certain rule that must be added to the noun, the verb or the preposition that follows. As a result, the listener or the reader can easily decide on the identity of the addressee in the cases of using the pronoun "you". This is because diacritical mark is used to indicate singular form of the pronoun "you" which is used in the written discourse to reflect which gender is being addressed. Furthermore, we can find diversity of suffixes at the end of such noun or verb without any change in the meaning but they change the grammar of that word according to gender and dual or plural forms. Therefore, this paper will stand on clarifying and analyzing some important points related to the unique structure of the pronoun "you".
Addressing cultural, racial and ethnic discrepancies in guideline discordant gestational weight gain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Denize Kathryn M. , Acharya Nina , Prince Stephanie A. , da Silva Danilo Fernandes , Harvey Alysha L.J. , Ferraro Zachary M. , Adamo Kristi B. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature and describe the discrepancies in achieving the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines across cultures.MethodsTen databases were searched from inception to April 2018. Observational cohort studies were included that examined adult women; reported on a measure of culture; compared cultural groups, and reported on GWG. Articles werebroken down into papers that used the current 2009 IOM GWG guidelines and those that used others. A meta-analysis was conducted for studies using the 2009 guidelines examining the prevalence of discordant GWG across cultural groups.ResultsThe review included 86 studies. Overall, 69% of women experienced discordant GWG irrespective of culture. White women experienced excessive GWG most often, and significantly more than Asian and Hispanic women; Black women had a higher prevalence of excessive GWG than Hispanic and Asian women; however, this difference was not significant.ConclusionsThe majority of women experience excessive GWG, with White women experiencing this most often. Culturally diverse GWG guidelines are needed to individualize antenatal care and promote optimal maternal-fetal health outcomes across cultural groups.
Contour‐based lung dose prediction for breast proton therapy
Authors: Zeng Chuan , Sine Kevin , Mah Dennis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluates the feasibility of lung dose prediction based on target contour and patient anatomy for breast patients treated with proton therapy.MethodsFifty‐two randomly selected patients were included in the cohort, who were treated to 50.4–66.4 Gy(RBE) to the left (36), right (15), or bilateral (1) breast with uniform scanning (32) or pencil beam scanning (20). Anterior‐oblique beams were used for each patient. The prescription doses were all scaled to 50.4 Gy(RBE) for the current analysis. Isotropic expansions of the planning target volume of various margins m were retrospectively generated and compared with isodose volumes in the ipsilateral lung. The fractional volume V of each expansion contour within the ipsilateral lung was compared with dose–volume data of clinical plans to establish the relationship between the margin m and dose D for the ipsilateral lung such that VD = V(m). This relationship enables prediction of dose–volume VD from V(m), which could be derived from contours before any plan is generated, providing a goal of plan quality. Lung V20 Gy(RBE) and V5 Gy(RBE) were considered for this pilot study, while the results could be generalized to other dose levels and/or other organs.ResultsThe actual V20 Gy(RBE) ranged from 6% to 23%. No statistically significant difference in V20 Gy(RBE) was found between breast irradiation and chest wall irradiation (P = 0.8) or between left‐side and right‐side treatment (P = 0.9). It was found that V(1.1 cm) predicted V20 Gy(RBE) to within 5% root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) and V(2.2 cm) predicted V5 Gy(RBE) to within 6% RMSD.ConclusionA contour‐based model was established to predict dose to ipsilateral lung in breast treatment. Clinically relevant accuracy was demonstrated. This model facilitates dose prediction before treatment planning. It could serve as a guide toward realistic clinical goals in the planning stage.
Efficient and Stable Nonfullerene‐Graded Heterojunction Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Inorganic Ga2O3 Tunneling Protective Nanolayer
Authors: Ma Junjie , Zheng Meijuan , Chen Cong , Zhu Ziqiang , Zheng Xiaolu , Chen Zhiliang , Guo Yaxiong , Liu Chang , Yan Yanfa , Fang Guojia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit advantages in terms of simple device fabrication, good reproducibility, and less hysteresis. However, there still remain challenges to passivate the trap states within the perovskite film and reduce interface instability arising from penetration of moisture and the diffusion of metal electrode. In this work, perovskite passivation is reported using gradiently distributed nonfullerene electron‐rich Lewis bases small molecule IDIC (a π‐conjugated Lewis base: indacenodithiophene end‐capped with 1.1‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐indanone), which is realized through an antisolvent dropping process. Additionally, an inorganic wide band gap Ga2O3 is introduced as a tunneling nanolayer into interface between the metal electrode and electron transport layer that effectively passivate interface and mitigate moisture and metal ion diffusion. These treatments enable the fabrication of CH3NH3PbI3‐based inverted PSCs with excellent power conversion efficiencies up to 19.86% as well as enhanced ambient stability. This work provides new strategies to improve the performance and stability for the inverted PSCs.
Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated Through CsCl‐Enhanced PbI2 Precursor via Sequential Deposition
Authors: Li Qi , Zhao Yicheng , Fu Rui , Zhou Wenke , Zhao Yao , Liu Xin , Yu Dapeng , Zhao Qing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe fabrication of high‐quality perovskite film highly relies on chemical composition and the synthesis method of perovskite. So far, sequentially deposited MA0.03FA0.97Pb(I0.97Br0.03)3 polycrystalline film is adopted to produce high‐performance perovskite solar cells with record power conversion efficiency (PCE). Fewer grain boundaries and incorporation of inorganic cation (e.g., cesium) would further increase device performance via sequential deposition. Here, cesium chloride (CsCl) is introduced into lead iodide (PbI2) precursor solution that beneficially modulates the property of PbI2 film, leading to larger grains with cesium incorporation in the resulting perovskite film. The enlarged crystal grains originate from a slower nucleation process for CsCl‐containing PbI2 film when reacting with formamidine iodide, confirmed by in situ confocal photoluminescence imaging. Photovoltaic devices based on CsCl‐containing PbI2 film demonstrate a higher averaging efficiency of 21.3% than 20.3% of the devices without CsCl additives for reverse scan. More importantly, the device stability is improved by CsCl additives that retain over 90% of their initial PCE value after 4000 min tracking at maximum power point under 1‐sun illumination. This work paves a way to further improve the photovoltaic performance of mixed‐cation‐halide perovskite solar cells via a sequential deposition method.
Exposing {010} Active Facets by Multiple‐Layer Oriented Stacking Nanosheets for High‐Performance Capacitive Sodium‐Ion Oxide Cathode
Authors: Xiao Yao , Wang Peng‐Fei , Yin Ya‐Xia , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Niu Yu‐Bin , Zhang Xu‐Dong , Zhang Jienan , Yu Xiqian , Guo Xiao‐Dong , Zhong Ben‐He , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs one of the most promising cathodes for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), O3‐type layered transition metal oxides commonly suffer from inevitably complicated phase transitions and sluggish kinetics. Here, a Na[Li0.05Ni0.3Mn0.5Cu0.1Mg0.05]O2 cathode material with the exposed {010} active facets by multiple‐layer oriented stacking nanosheets is presented. Owing to reasonable geometrical structure design and chemical substitution, the electrode delivers outstanding rate performance (71.8 mAh g−1 and 16.9 kW kg−1 at 50C), remarkable cycling stability (91.9% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 5C), and excellent compatibility with hard carbon anode. Based on the combined analyses of cyclic voltammograms, ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and operando X‐ray diffraction, the reaction mechanisms behind the superior electrochemical performance are clearly articulated. Surprisingly, Ni2+/Ni3+ and Cu2+/Cu3+ redox couples are simultaneously involved in the charge compensation with a highly reversible O3–P3 phase transition during charge/discharge process and the Na+ storage is governed by a capacitive mechanism via quantitative kinetics analysis. This optimal bifunctional regulation strategy may offer new insights into the rational design of high‐performance cathode materials for SIBs.
Quadruple Junction Polymer Solar Cells with Four Complementary Absorber Layers
Authors: Di Carlo Rasi Dario , Hendriks Koen H. , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA monolithic two‐terminal solution‐processed quadruple junction polymer solar cell in an n–i–p (inverted) configuration with four complementary polymer:fullerene active bulk‐heterojunction layers is presented. The subcells possess different optical bandgaps ranging from 1.90 to 1.13 eV. Optical modeling using the transfer matrix formalism enables prediction of the fraction of absorbed photons from sunlight in each subcell and determine the optimal combination of layer thicknesses. The quadruple junction cell features an open‐circuit voltage of 2.45 V and has a power conversion efficiency of 7.6%, only slightly less than the modeled value of 8.2%. The external quantum efficiency spectrum, determined with appropriate light and voltage bias conditions, exhibits in general an excellent agreement with modeled spectrum. The device performance is presently limited by bimolecular recombination, which prevents using thick photoactive layers that could absorb light more efficiently.
Glycan Therapeutics: Resurrecting an Almost Pharma‐Forgotten Drug Class
Authors: Paderi John , Prestwich Glenn D. , Panitch Alyssa , Boone Tom , Stuart Kate 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite their enormous potential, glycans as therapeutics yet remain a widely untapped drug class. This overview shares the viewpoint that glycans have been aptly termed the “dark matter” of biology and have thus been largely ignored for decades. Provided herein is a background on the multiple structures and functions of glycan therapeutics, and focuses on examples and case studies of the glycan therapeutics in clinical use or in a clinical development. Perspectives on various hurdles are also provided, such as regulatory or scientific messaging and how these can influence the clinical development of this drug category. Finally some of the necessary changes in perception, education, and research infrastructure for continued support and advancement of this promising category of therapeutics are described.
Light‐Insensitive Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with n‐Type Conjugated Polymers Containing Dinitrothiophene Units
Authors: Moon Yejin , Lee Chulyeon , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHere, it is reported that organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with n‐type conjugated polymer, poly[{2,5‐bis‐(2‐octhyldodecyl)‐3,6‐bis‐(thien‐2‐yl)‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐diyl}‐co‐{2,2′‐(3,4‐dinitrothiophene)]‐5,5′‐diyl}] (PODTPPD‐DNT), can be operated without large disturbance by surrounding light. The PODTPPD‐DNT polymer synthesized via the Stille coupling reaction could act as a channel layer for n‐channel OFETs. Although the PODTPPD‐DNT polymer shows a broad optical absorption from ultraviolet to near‐infrared parts up to 1000 nm, the OFETs with the PODTPPD‐DNT channel layers do not almost respond to monochromatic (520 and 780 nm) and white light. The reason is assigned to the exciton quenching effect by two nitro groups in the polymer chain. The semitransparent OFETs with the 20 nm thick PODTPPD‐DNT channel layers are also almost light‐insensitive for operation under typical room light conditions.
Enzyme–Polymer Conjugates as Robust Pickering Interfacial Biocatalysts for Efficient Biotransformations and One‐Pot Cascade Reactions
Authors: Sun Zhiyong , Glebe Ulrich , Charan Himanshu , Böker Alexander , Wu Changzhu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite the rapid development of Pickering interfacial catalysis (PIC) at liquid–liquid interfaces with chemocatalysts, the use of unstable biocatalysts at emulsion interfaces remains a technical challenge. Herein, we present a Pickering interfacial biocatalysis (PIB) platform based on robust and recyclable enzyme–polymer conjugates that act as both catalytic sites and stabilizers at the interface of Pickering emulsions. The conjugates were prepared by growing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) on a fragile enzyme, benzaldehyde lyase, under physiological conditions. The mild in situ conjugation process preserved the enzyme structure, and the conjugates were used to emulsify a water–organic two‐phase system into a stable Pickering emulsion, leading to a significantly larger interfacial area and a 270‐fold improvement in catalytic performance as compared to the unemulsified two‐phase system. The PIB system could be reused multiple times. Conjugates of other enzymes were also fabricated and applied for cascade reactions.