bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New trends in selection of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Authors: Bernáth J. , Németh É. 
Published: December 2018

Since the isolation of morphine by Sertümer in 1805 more than 40 alkaloids have been isolated from the poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Some of them have high biological-pharmacological activity and economical importance, while others have none, or restricted ones. The increasing demand for poppy alkaloids is the consequence of the widening of the medical application of morphine and its related compounds: the quantity of morphine used for the treatment of pain reached a record level of 17.9 tonnes in 1997, compared with an annual average of 2.2 tonnes used during the period 1978-1983. However, the production of raw material (either opium, or dried capsule is produced) has to be re-evaluated taking into consideration the UN Convention signed in 1988 against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. The countries were forced by the Convention to introduce new arrangements in poppy production including selection and introduction of new cultivars.
In the present work up to date results of poppy selection are reviewed explaining the biosynthetic and eco-physiological background of their alkaloid accumulation. The effectiveness and the possibilities of traditional selection methods as well as the probability of the application of biotransformation for producing cultivars accumulating low or high alkaloid content or plant material with special alkaloid spectrum (codeine, thebaine, narcotine) are discussed. The examples of Hungarian cultivars 'Monaco', 'Kék Gemona' and 'Tebona' are given in more detail.
Factors affecting rhizogenesis in vitro and acclimatisation of three cherry rootstocks
Authors: Al-Sabbagh M. , Abdul-Kader A. , Khoder M. , Kalhout A. R. 
Published: December 2018

Factors affecting rhizogenesis in vitro and acclimatisation of three rootstocks of cherry, i.e. Mahaleb, Maxma-14 and Weiroot -10 were investigated.
Rooting was easily achieved within 2-4 weeks on MS-based liquid or agar-gelled media containing auxins IBA at conc. 0.49 or 2.45 pM or NAA at conc. of 0.49 pM. On liquid media with 2.45 pM IBA, a maximum rooting efficiency of 95-100% was obtained. However, high concentrations of auxin delayed the time of root initiation for 3-5 days.
Rooted plantlets were transplanted into pots with a mixture of 3:1 (v/v) peat:perlite and acclimatised gradually to field conditions with efficiency of 60%.
Differences of pollen and pollenkitt attractiveness of some cultivated and ornamental apples for honeybees
Authors: Szalai Z. 
Published: December 2018

Differences in the attractiveness of pollen according to plant families and species for the honeybees had been examined by researchers, but pollen samples of cultivars were not tested yet. This examination attempts to evalu2te the differences in attractiveness of pollen of some cultivated and ornamental apples to honeybees. We applied biotest with equal amounts of hand collected pollen samples and by a nucleus of bees with brood. The evaluation was based on the number of visitation by foraging honeybees on the samples during the time of the experiment which was determined. Pollenkitt samples were also tested in a separate experiment.
The data were analysed by variance analysis and significant differences were found according to the number of bee visitation in the attractiveness of the pollen and pollenkitt samples of apple cultivars.
The visualisation of pollenkitt was done by light microscope and SEM.
Top-dressing of paprika transplants in trays with fertilizers of phosphorus- and nitrogen surplus
Authors: Slezák K. , Kappel N. , Tóth K. 
Published: December 2018

By our experiments, we wished to answer the question: may top-dressing with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, respectively, improve the quality of transplants grown in trays on a substrate enriched by 2 kg/m3 of retarded fertilizers?
The experiments started in spring and autumn 2002, in a large volume plastic house. The seedlings were grown in trays. Seed was sown directly into KITE trays of 187 cells (28 cm3 volume per cell, 779 seedlings per square meter). The trays were filled by "loose filling" (without packing) with the following soil mixture: 50% Baltic highmoor peat, 50% 'Nitrite lowmoor peat, 1,5 kg/m3 feed chalk, 2 kg/m3 slow acting chemical fertilizer of phosphorus overweight, 2 kg/m3 superphosphate. The test plant was the vegetable paprika variety `Tizenegyes'.
The trials were made in order to clear up if top-dressing done once or twice improves the quality of the seedlings. For this purpose, perfectly soluble fertilizers of phosphorus or nitrogen surplus were used. 3 I fertilizer solution of 0.2% concentration was given per square meter on every single occasion. The control plots received no top-dressing.
The following parameters were registered: stem diameter, plant height, fresh weight of the top, dry matter content of the top, fresh weight of the root system per plant, dry matter content of the roots.
The experimental results with top-dressing have clearly proved the insufficiency of mixing 2 kg/m3 of retarded fertilizer into the substrate, as usual in raising paprika seedlings in trays, because of the long period of transplant raising. According to our experiments the additional nitrogen fertilization influences positively the development of green parts of plants, while the multiple application of fertilizers with higher phosphorus-content helps to develop a strong root system. We suppose, that the more often applied additional fertilizers, maybe the combination of fertilizers with nitrogen and phosphorus amount could give use even better results.
Assessment of fruit firmness of pepper using non-destructive physical measurements, in response to different growing and pruning technologies
Authors: Tompos D. , Istella S. , Ignát T. 
Published: December 2018

The European market demands vegetable products of the highest quality and this commercial quality must be maintained till the goods reach the customer. One of these important quality parameters is the fruit firmness of pepper.
The experiments were aimed at to find out the influence of different growing methods (soil or rockwool-based) and pruning technologies (to 1, 2, 3 or 4 shoots) on the yield and fruit firmness of three pepper varieties (HO F1, Karpia Fl and Pritavit F1) which are common in Hungary. Fruit firmness was measured by the non-destructive impact method.
On the basis of the results, in unheated forcing the pruning to 1, 2 or 3 shoots can be suggested for all three varieties, as well as the utilisation of rockwool in their growing.
The non-destructive impact method has been found suitable for testing the fruit firmness of pepper varieties. In the experiments involving different growing mediums pepper stands were found to show significant differences, however the different pruning methods had no significant influence on fruit firmness.
Smooth Transition
Authors: Fiester Herbert Ray , Jackson Nikki , Workman Jamie L. , Dees Elizabeth 
Published: December 2018

This article is the result of research conducted provisionally admitted Black make students enrolled at four different public universities in the Southeast. The researcher sought to answer the following research question: What are the lived experiences of provisionally accepted first-time, full-time Black male students within their first year at a state college and state university?
Participants were selected based on having the highest and lowest Expected Family Contribution scores of the eligible population. The researcher utilized a phenomenological approach and multiple methods of data collection. This resulted in rich data that has been categorized into themes. The article concludes with implications for college and university faculty and administrators, as well as for future research on provisionally admitted Black male college students.
Design and Analysis of Project-driven Flipping Classroom Teaching Cases
Authors: Xin Chen Jin 
Published: December 2018

"Web Design and Production" is a strong practical computer science foundation course. The concept, ideas and techniques of web front-end development have an important impact on the follow-up courses. The paper compares and analyzes the reform in current teaching methods of the course, and proposes a project-driven flipping classroom teaching method, which rationally decomposes and reorganizes the curriculum knowledge system, and divides the curriculum content into several modules. Meanwhile, each module is driven by a project, mixing problem-based teaching methods, task-driven methods and flipping classroom teaching methods. The paper clarifies pre-class, in-class, and after-school tasks. Knowing the project tasks before class, understanding the knowledge and skills needed for the design project, using the micro-curriculum resources to learn and practice knowledge autonomously; detecting the learning effect of knowledge in the class, solving the problems in the self-learning, and apply the learned knowledge to the actual project development by the way of group collaboration in order to promote internalization and application of knowledge, when encountering new problems, teachers not only explain new knowledge to help students continue to implement the project, but also promptly recorded the completion of the project of the group collaboration; After class, teachers summarize questions, build a knowledge system, and guide students to complete extended design of project. In this way, students' practical application ability, project development ability, self-learning ability and creative ability can be improved. This article also provides specific instructional design cases based on the "Web Page Layout and Beautification" module and provides specific teaching design cases.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MODIFIKASI PERMAINAN CONGKLAK SEBAGAI SARANA STIMULASI PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI di RA PERWANIDA WONOSOBO
Authors: Munawaroh Hidayatu 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui Model Pembelajaran dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak Sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di RA Perwanida Wonosobo, Mengetahui Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak Sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di RA Perwanida Wonosobo. Tujuan jangka panjang dalam penelitian ini Menemukan Model Pembelajaran dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak yang efektif Sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di RA Perwanida Wonosobo.
Jenis penelitian adalah Penelitian Pengembangan (Research and Development). Subjek penelitian adalah anak kelompok B di RA di RA Perwanida Wonosobo. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan: Observasi, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi .Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan data validasi persentase.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Model pembelajaran dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak ini diantarkan melalui cerita dengan bantuan poster,menyanyi bersama,tanya jawab, menyebutkan, gambar dan bermain Congklak sesuai tema (2) Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak yang dapat menstimulasi aspek perkembangan Anak Kelompok B di RA Perwanida Wonosobo dilakukan sebanyak dua kali pertemuan, setiap pertemuan ada empat macam kegiatan yang dilakukan sesuai dengan RKH, hasil rata-rata skor indikataor aspek perkembangan anak mengalami peningkatan hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pretest dan postest. menunjukan bahwa rata-rata aspek nilai moral agama 2,51(kurang baik) menjadi 2,87 (baik), aspek bahasa skor rata-rata diperoleh 2,49(kurang baik) menjadi 2,88(baik), aspek social emosional skor rata-rata diperoleh 2,55(baik) menjadi 2,85(baik), aspek fisik motorik diperoleh skor rata-rata 2,64(baik) menjadi 2,91(baik) . hasil masing-masing rata-rata dari setiap indicator mengalami peningkatan aspek perkembangan anak. (3) Keefektifan model pembelajaran menggunakan dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak efektif. Keefektifan ini ditujukkan dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari 0,05. Hal ini didukung oleh hasil perhitungan t tes
ادارة السياسة النقدية من عرض النقود الى اسعار الفائدة في الاقتصاد العراق للمدة(2004-2011)
Authors: داغر محمود محمد , محي سيف راضي 
Published: December 2018

استخدم البنك المركزي العراقي سياسة استهداف التضخم والناتج بعد عام (2004) قاعدة تايلور (Taylor rule) وتحديد سعر الفائدة قصير الأجل بوصفه اداة حديثة لاستهداف وتقليل معدلات التضخم وضمان الاستقرار، وتحديد معدل مستهدفاً للناتج من اجل الوصول للأهداف المرسومة.
اتخذ واضعوا السياسة النقدية في العراق(2004-2011) منهجا استهداف التضخم المرتكز بشكل اساس الى استهداف المتغير الوسيط ( التضخم ) عبر استهداف القاعدة النقدية وسعر الفائدة كمتغيرات تشغيلية وسعر الصرف متغيراً وسيطاً لتحقيق هدف السياسة النهائي في الاستقرار النقدي.
توضح النتائج عدم امكانية تطبيق قاعدة تايلور بفجوة التضخم وفجوة الناتج المحلي الاجمالي لابتعاد السلوك النقدي عن السلوك الحقيقي لواضعي السياسة النقدية، كما ان تأثير اسعار الفائدة في الاقتصاد العراقي ضعيف في متغيرات الاقتصاد النقدية، يعود ذلك لضعف بنية النظام المالي في البلاد وضعف الائتمان المحلي.
عند تطبيق قاعدة تايلور لمتغير سعر الصرف مع الفجوتين التضخمية وفجوة الناتج فأن النتائج لا تطابق السعر الاسمي المعلن من قبل البنك المركزي الامر الذي يثبت عدم التزام المركزي باستخدام قاعدة تايلور سواء بالفائدة قصيرة الاجل او سعر الصرف (المثبتات الاسمية)، لذا لم يبق امام المركزي العراقي سوى استخدام مبدأ تايلور مع معدل التضخم المتوقع دون مستوى الناتج (النشاط الكلي) لانفصال السلوك النقدي عن الحقيقي للبنك المركزي ولا يمكن عد سعر الفائدة في اقتصاد البلاد اداة فاعلة في خلق الاستقرار النقدي ومحاربة الضغوط التضخمية وقوة دافعة لنمو الناتج.
اما فيما يخص اداة سعر الصرف واستخدامها اداةً لمكافحة التضخم فهي تعد الأداة الأكثر فاعلية في التأثير في متغيرات الاقتصاد الوطني سواء المتغيرات النقدية او الحقيقة اذ اثبتت الاختبارات الاحصائية الدور الكبير الذي يؤديه سعر الصرف في التأثير بالتضخم، عكس ما بينت نتائج الاختبارات الاحصائية للفائدة والتضخم والناتج والتي وضحت ضعف تأثير سعر الفائدة في المدة القصيرة على التضخم والناتج.(*)

(*) بحث مستل من رسالة ماجستير
Epidemiology of Injuries at the Australian 24 Hour Mountain Bike Championships
Authors: Taylor Nicholas , Ranse Jamie 
Published: December 2018

Introduction To describe injury type and frequency, and the factors influencing these, in endurance mountain bike riders. Methods This study used a cross-sectional retrospective audit of patient report forms, prospective meteorological information and race data over an eight-year period. The Australian twenty-four hour mountain bike championships is held annually in Canberra, Australia. All riders who presented to a first aid station for treatment during the race from 2000-2007, were included. Studied factors influencing injury were race time, ambient temperature and rider gender. Studied outcome measures were injury frequency, location, type and management. Results Of the 14,777 riders over the eight years, 596 required first aid treatment for injuries (4.03%), the majority for minor injuries to extremities. Only 0.25% of riders were referred to hospital, 0.06% by ambulance. The injury incidence was 8.4/1000 bike hours with a race-ending presentation (a patient referred to hospital) incidence of 0.5/1000 bike hours. Patient presentation rates were highest in the first eight hours of a race. Higher average temperatures per year were associated with a greater risk of injury. Females were more likely to be injured. Conclusion This mountain bike competition was safe with minor injuries to extremities predominating and low referral rates to hospital. Higher injury rates should be anticipated in hotter weather and during the first third of the race. The first aid service organisation provided adequate clinical care at this event.
Community Paramedicine: Higher Education as An Enabling Factor
Authors: O'Meara Peter , Ruest Michel , Stirling Christine 
Published: December 2018

The aim of this case study was to describe one rural community paramedic model and identify enablers related to the implementation of the model. It was undertaken in the County of Renfrew, Ontario, Canada where a community paramedicine role has emerged in response to demographic changes and broader health system reform. Qualitative data was collected through direct observation of practice, informal discussions, interviews and focus groups. The crucial role of education in the effective and sustainable implementation of the community paramedicine model was identified as one of four enablers. Traditional paramedicine education programs are narrowly focused on emergency response, with limited education in health promotion, aged care and chronic disease management. Educational programs hoping to include a wider range of topics face the twin challenges of an already crowded curriculum and predominately young students who fail to see the relevance of community primary care content. A closer match between the paramedicine curriculum and the emerging roles of paramedics, whether they are community paramedics, extended care paramedics, or as yet unformed roles is needed if paramedics are to become valued members of the health care team.
Bridging the Gap: Reflections on Teaching Interprofessional Communication to Undergraduate Paramedic and Nursing Students
Authors: Johnston Tania , MacQuarrie Alex , Rae John 
Published: December 2018

Introduction The literature emphasises the vital importance of interprofessional communication during clinical handover as being paramount to patient safety. At Charles Sturt University we explored how simulation can be employed in an interprofessional education (IPE) exercise exposing paramedic and nursing students to a high-pressure emergency department wherein they must engage in patient handover. Methods Over a 4-day period in April 2012, 200 paramedic and nursing students participated in an intensive simulation exercise where they practised interprofessional communication. The project team subsequently debriefed all student and staff members to gain insight through the participants’ experiences. Results Our results demonstrated that students become more comfortable interacting and communicating with other team members during scenarios. In addition to experiencing first hand that IPE is an effective tool for developing communication skills, we determined that this could be successfully facilitated in a large-scale simulated IPE to help students develop a shared understanding between disciplines. Conclusion Academics can work horizontally across disciplines to employ IPE in simulation as an educational tool to teach vital communication skills; and with paramedicine now being taught alongside nursing in tertiary centres, universities are well positioned to support collaborative interprofessional practice and communication.
Starting the Conversation: What are the Issues for Paramedic Student Clinical Education?
Authors: O'Meara Peter , Hickson Helen , Huggins Chris 
Published: December 2018

Objectives This paper examines the issues that affect the quality of paramedic student clinical placements. Participants included paramedics, paramedic educators, paramedic students and ambulance service managers who had gathered for an Australian conference in Bendigo in central Victoria. The aim of this paper is to highlight issues identified by the participants and to start a conversation about the importance of clinical placement for paramedic students. Methods This was a qualitative study utilising ‘Community conversations’ as a research methodology. ‘Community conversations’ is an action research approach. This study had 53 participants, who spent around 5 hours in conversation throughout a 3-day conference. The conversation initiated was to discuss and raise issues that related to paramedic student clinical placements, and identify creative and innovative solutions. Results In this paper, we focus on three themes that emerged from the conversations: planning and preparation of the placement; continuity of placement experience; and diversity of placements. We argue that better communication is required between the university, the ambulance service, the paramedic educator/clinical instructor and the student. Conclusions Clinical education is an essential element of student learning and skill development, yet in Australia there are no mandatory requirements in relation to duration, content or measurement of quality in student clinical placements. We strongly recommend that continuity is an essential element of a quality clinical placement and argue that students should be allocated to work in one location for 1–2 week blocks.
Twelve Months On
Authors: Boyle Mal 
Published: December 2018

Twelve months ago the Australasian Journal of Paramedicine (AJP) published the first issue in the resurrection of the former Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care, as an international prehospital care open source journal, supported by Paramedics Australasia (PA). In the last 12 months many things have happened, the journal has published at least four articles in each of the main issues and has published the PA conference abstracts as supplementary issues. The appointment of an editorial assistant has made the management of the journal more efficient. We are still receiving regular manuscripts for consideration and will continue with the four issues per year plus special issues for conference abstracts. The journal now has a logo which will be displayed on the journal home page and articles. Over the last 12 months paramedics have been voted as the most trusted profession in Australia and New Zealand, again, yet paramedics are still not registered, what else do we need to do? From this issue the journal will have its own dedicated site which will be totally managed by the AJP with no branding other than PA and the AJP. I would like to thank Monash University and Edith Cowan University for hosting the journal over the past years. This issue concentrates mainly on studies involving students during their education process.
Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Management by First Responders: Retrospective Review of a Fire Fighter First Responder Program
Authors: Winship Christian , Boyle Malcolm , Williams Brett 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Over 9,500 people die annually in Australia from sudden cardiac arrest, with strong evidence suggesting early high quality CPR and early counter shock being paramount for improving survival from cardiac arrest. It has also been shown that first responder programs have been able to reduce response times and increase survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The objective of this study was to examine data from the first seven years of an Australian out-of-hospital cardiac arrest first responder program where fire fighters provided basic life support. Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study of all cardiac arrests attended by the Metropolitan Fire and Emergency Services Board (MFESB) as part of the Emergency Medical Response program over a seven-year period in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Results The MFESB attended 4,450 cardiac arrests. The majority of patients presented in asystole 669 (63.7%) with just 243 (23.1%) presenting in a shockable rhythm. The majority of patients in cardiac arrest were males (64.2%) and the mean age of the patients was 67.5 years. The MFESB median response time during the study period was 5.7 minutes (IQR 2.25 minutes), range of 0.15 minutes to 31.7 minutes, which remained stable over the seven years. Patients spent a median time of 4.6 minutes (0.02 seconds to 36.5 minutes) in the care of fire fighters prior to the arrival of EMS. The rhythm on handover to paramedics was asystole in 787 (75.1%) cases with no shockable rhythms. One in three (31.3%) patients received bystander CPR, with a significant rise in the rate of bystander CPR occurring over the last two years. Conclusion This study demonstrated acceptable response times to cardiac arrests and a low bystander CPR rate prior to arrival of the MFESB. The incidence of a shockable rhythm on arrival of the MFESB was low with the main rhythm being asystole. The main rhythm on handover to paramedics was asystole with non-shockable rhythms. Further research is required to determine the effect on patient outcomes.