bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of body mass index in children with different parental risk: Findings of a family-based cohort study in a West-Asian population
Authors: Cheraghi Leila , Amiri Parisa , Karimi Mehrdad , Mehrabi Yadollah , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing quantile regression analysis, the current study, conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) aimed to assess the effects of parental risk clusters on different percentiles of Body Mass Index (BMI) distribution in children. Participants included 2296 school-aged children who had participated in the baseline assessment of the TLGS and were followed for an approximate duration of fifteen years. Parental socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics were considered to determine risk clusters. Comparing of the high- to the low-risk parental clusters showed that after adjusting for age in boys, BMI was significantly higher at the 75th (1.82, p = 03), 85th (1.78, p = 0.007) and 95th (1.66, p = 0.03) percentiles; and in girls it was significantly higher at the 25th (1.45, p = 0.003), 50th (1.05, p = 0.015), 95th (2.31, p = 0.018) and 97th (2.44, p = 0.006) percentiles in the high risk cluster. Our data indicate that during a long-term follow up, children with a high-risk family are more likely to have higher BMI, compared to their counterparts in low-risk families, a difference observed mainly at the upper percentiles of BMI distribution for both genders and at all ages, findings that should be considered for strategies aimed at preventing childhood obesity and its consequences.
Varroa destructor parasitism has a greater effect on proteome changes than the deformed wing virus and activates TGF-β signaling pathways
Authors: Erban Tomas , Sopko Bruno , Kadlikova Klara , Talacko Pavel , Harant Karel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHoneybee workers undergo metamorphosis in capped cells for approximately 13 days before adult emergence. During the same period,Varroamites prick the defenseless host many times. We sought to identify proteome differences between emergingVarroa-parasitized and parasite-free honeybees showing the presence or absence of clinical signs of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the capped cells. A label-free proteomic analysis utilizing nanoLC coupled with an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer provided a quantitative comparison of 2316 protein hits. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the combination ofVarroaparasitism andDWVclinical signs caused proteome changes that occurred in the same direction as those ofVarroaalone and were approximately two-fold higher. Furthermore, proteome changes associated withDWVsigns alone were positioned aboveVarroain the RDA. Multiple markers indicate thatVarroaactivates TGF-β-induced pathways to suppress wound healing and the immune response and that the collective action of stressors intensifies these effects. Furthermore, we indicate JAK/STAT hyperactivation, p53-BCL-6 feedback loop disruption, Wnt pathway activation, Wnt/Hippo crosstalk disruption, and NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling conflict in theVarroa–honeybee–DWVinteraction. These results illustrate the higher effect ofVarroathan ofDWVat the time of emergence. Markers for future research are provided.
Identification of cytotoxic markers in methamphetamine treated rat C6 astroglia-like cells
Authors: Badisa Ramesh B. , Wiley Chantel , Randell Kesa , Darling-Reed Selina F. , Latinwo Lekan M. , Agharahimi Maryam , Soliman Karam F. A. , Goodman Carl B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) is a powerfully addictive psychostimulant that has a pronounced effect on the central nervous system (CNS). The present study aimed to assess METH toxicity in differentiated C6 astroglia-like cells through biochemical and toxicity markers with acute (1 h) and chronic (48 h) treatments. In the absence of external stimulants, cellular differentiation of neuronal morphology was achieved through reduced serum (2.5%) in the medium. The cells displayed branched neurite-like processes with extensive intercellular connections. Results indicated that acute METH treatment neither altered the cell morphology nor killed the cells, which echoed with lack of consequence on reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) or inhibition of any cell cycle phases except induction of cytoplasmic vacuoles. On the other hand, chronic treatment at 1 mM or above destroyed the neurite-like processors and decreased the cell viability that paralleled with increased levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation and lactate, depletion in glutathione (GSH) level and inhibition at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, leading to apoptosis. Pre-treatment of cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 2.5 mM for 1 h) followed by METH co-treatment for 48 h rescued the cells completely from toxicity by decreasing ROS through increased GSH. Our results provide evidence that increased ROS and GSH depletion underlie the cytotoxic effects of METH in the cells. Since loss in neurite connections and intracellular changes can lead to psychiatric illnesses in drug users, the evidence that we show in our study suggests that these are also contributing factors for psychiatric-illnesses in METH addicts.
Manassantin B shows antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3 infection by activation of the STING/TBK-1/IRF3 signalling pathway
Authors: Song Jae-Hyoung , Ahn Jae-Hee , Kim Seong-Ryeol , Cho Sungchan , Hong Eun-Hye , Kwon Bo-Eun , Kim Dong-eun , Choi Miri , Choi Hwa-Jung , Cha Younggil , Chang Sun-Young , Ko Hyun-Jeong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCoxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is an important human pathogen associated with the development of acute pancreatitis, myocarditis, and type 1 diabetes. Currently, no vaccines or antiviral therapeutics are approved for the prevention and treatment of CVB3 infection. We found that Saururus chinensis Baill extract showed critical antiviral activity against CVB3 infection in vitro. Further, manassantin B inhibited replication of CVB3 and suppressed CVB3 VP1 protein expression in vitro. Additionally, oral administration of manassantin B in mice attenuated CVB3 infection-associated symptoms by reducing systemic production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, CCL2, and CXCL-1. We found that the antiviral activity of manassantin B is associated with increased levels of mitochondrial ROS (mROS). Inhibition of mROS generation attenuated the antiviral activity of manassantin B in vitro. Interestingly, we found that manassantin B also induced cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA based on cytochrome C oxidase DNA levels. We further confirmed that STING and IRF-3 expression and STING and TBK-1 phosphorylation were increased by manassantin B treatment in CVB3-infected cells. Collectively, these results suggest that manassantin B exerts antiviral activity against CVB3 through activation of the STING/TKB-1/IRF3 antiviral pathway and increased production of mROS.
Large-scale turbulence structures in a laboratory-scale boundary layer under steady and gusty wind inflows
Authors: Li W. J. , Zhang Y. , Yang B. , Su J. W. , Zhang Y. W. , Lu W. Z. , Shui Q. X. , Wu X. Y. , He Y. P. , Gu Z. L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExperiments on turbulence structures and features of a wind field under steady inflow and gusty wind inflows were implemented in a straight-through wind tunnel. Streamwise and wall-normal velocity components were measured using a streamline constant temperature anemometer (streamline CTA). Power spectra analyses revealed the existence of very large-scale motions (VLSMs) under both steady and gusty wind inflows; but new gusty scale motions (GSMs) were revealed under only gusty wind inflows. The GSMs might originate from an ordered external driving force that forces hairpin packets to align coherently in groups with a length scale related to the gust inflow condition. The streamwise wavelength of VLSMs is independent of inflow conditions, while the turbulent energy of VLSMs is associated with the wall-normal height and local mean streamwise velocity. In particular, the streamwise wavelength of GSMs increases linearly with the average value and period of sinusoidal gusty wind inflows, and the turbulent energy of GSMs is sensitive to the wall-normal height and all characteristic parameters of gusty wind inflows, including the average value, amplitude and period. Considerable wall-normal airflows induced by gusty wind inflows were detected and these are negatively correlated with the variation in gusty streamwise velocity, and root mean square (RMS) values of the gusty wall-normal velocity tended to increase linearly with the average value and amplitude of gusty wind inflows.
Structural basis for histone H3K4me3 recognition by the N-terminal domain of the PHD finger protein Spp1
Authors: He Chao , Liu Ning , Xie Dongya , Liu Yanhong , Xiao Yazhong , Li Fudong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spp1, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger containing protein, is a critical subunit of the histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex of proteins associated with Set1 (COMPASS). The chromatin binding affinity of the PHD finger of Spp1 has been proposed to modulate COMPASS activity. During meiosis, Spp1 plays another role in promoting programmed double-strand break (DSB) formation by binding H3K4me3 via its PHD finger and interacting with a DSB protein, Mer2. However, how the Spp1 PHD finger performs site-specific readout of H3K4me3 is still not fully understood. In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of the highly conserved Spp1 N-terminal domain (Sc_Spp1NTD) in complex with the H3K4me3 peptide. The structure shows that Sc_Spp1NTD comprises a PHD finger responsible for methylated H3K4 recognition and a C3H-type zinc finger necessary to ensure the overall structural stability. Our isothermal titration calorimetry results show that binding of H3K4me3 to Sc_Spp1NTD is mildly inhibited by H3R2 methylation, weakened by H3T6 phosphorylation, and abrogated by H3T3 phosphorylation. This histone modification cross-talk, which is conserved in the Saccharomyces pombe and mammalian orthologs of Sc_Spp1 in vitro, can be rationalized structurally and might contribute to the roles of Spp1 in COMPASS activity regulation and meiotic recombination.
ECMO attenuates inflammation response and increases ATPase activity in brain of swine model with cardiac arrest compared with CCPR
Authors: Zhang Yun , Li Chun-Sheng , Yuan Xiao-Li , Ling Ji-Yang , Zhang Qiang , Liang Yong , Liu Bo , Zhao Lian-Xing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) could increase survival rate and neurological outcomes of cardiac arrest (CA) patients compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR). Currently, the underlying mechanisms how ECMO improves neurological outcomes of CA patients compared with CCPR have not been revealed. A pig model of CA was established by ventricular fibrillation induction and then underwent CCPR or ECMO. Survival and hemodynamics during the 6 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were compared. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and Ca2+-ATPase and NA+-K+-ATPase activities were detected. Brain tissues histology and ultra-microstructure in CCPR and ECMO groups were also examined. Results suggested that ECMO significantly improved the survival of pigs compared with CCPR. Heart rate (HR) decreased while cardiac output (CO) increased along with the time after ROSC in both ECMO and CCPR groups. At each time point, HR in ECMO groups was lower than that in CCPR group while CO and mean arterial pressure in ECMO group was higher than CCPR group. In ECMO group, lower levels of IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and TGFβ, especially IL-1, IL-6, TNFα, and TGFβ, were found compared that in CCPR group while no difference of IL-10 between the two groups was observed. Similar with the results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, decreased expressions of IL-6 and TGFβ were also identified by Western blotting. And Ca2+-ATPase and NA+-K+-ATPase activities were increased by ECMO compared with CCPR. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and ultra-microstructure examination also revealed an improved inflammation situation in ECMO group compared with CCPR group.
A novel lncRNA NR4A1AS up-regulates orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 expression by blocking UPF1-mediated mRNA destabilization in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xie Xina , Lin Jiatian , Liu Jianlan , Huang Meihui , Zhong Yuantang , Liang Bin , Song Xuhong , Gu Songgang , Chang Xiaolan , Huang Dongyang , Tang Aifa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The orphan nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) acts as an oncogene, and is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, the mechanism through which lncRNA regulates NR4A1 expression remains unknown. We aimed to identify lncRNAs that regulate NR4A1 and assess their underlying mechanisms in CRC. We first identified an antisense lncRNA of NR4A1 that was up-regulated in CRC tissues and cells with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and designated it as NR4A1AS. Spearman correlation analysis showed that NR4A1AS was positively correlated with NR4A1 mRNA levels in 37 CRC tissues. Mechanistically, NR4A1AS stabilized NR4A1 mRNA by forming RNA–RNA complexes via partial base-pairing and up-regulated NR4A1 expression in CRC cells. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays revealed that knockdown of NR4A1AS expression by siRNA enhanced up-frameshift 1 (UPF1) recruitment to NR4A1 mRNA, thereby decreasing NR4A1 mRNA stability. Moreover, depletion of NR4A1AS was found to mimic the effect of NR4A1 knockdown, specifically by suppressing cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Accordingly, restoring NR4A1 expression ameliorated the effects of NR4A1AS knockdown on tumor growth and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we conclude that NR4A1AS up-regulates NR4A1 expression by forming RNA–RNA complexes and blocking UPF1-mediated mRNA destabilization, and it functions in tumor growth and metastasis of CRC cells at least partly through regulating NR4A1, suggesting that NR4A1AS might be as a potential target for RNA-based anti-CRC drug studies.
Video-Implemented Script Training in a Bilingual Spanish–English Speaker With Aphasia
Authors: Grasso Stephanie M. , Cruz Diana F. , Benavidez Rosa , Peña Elizabeth D. , Henry Maya L. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This study examines the utility of Video-Implemented Script Training for Aphasia (VISTA) for improving speech production and fluency in a Spanish–English bilingual speaker with aphasia.

Method
In this single-subject, multiple-baseline intervention study, VISTA was utilized to facilitate fluent and intelligible speech through training with an audiovisual speech model. Scripts were developed from personalized topics of interest, and training stimuli were tailored for speech rate and linguistic complexity. One trained script per language contained a high proportion of cognates in order to examine the potential for enhancing cross-linguistic transfer. Primary and secondary outcome measures for trained and untrained scripts were percent correct and intelligible scripted words, grammatical errors, speech rate, and total percent intelligibility.

Results

R
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C
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showed significant improvement in accuracy, intelligibility, and grammaticality of trained scripts. Results revealed cross-linguistic transfer for both languages of treatment. A significantly greater magnitude of cross-language transfer was observed for scripts that were not cognate dense.

Conclusions
VISTA is a viable treatment method for bilingual individuals with aphasia. Cross-linguistic transfer was diminished when incorporating scripts with a high proportion of cognates; however, this may not be true for all bilingual individuals with aphasia and should be explored with additional participants.
Communicative Informativeness in Aphasia: Investigating the Relationship Between Linguistic and Perceptual Measures
Authors: Webster Janet , Morris Julie 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Informativeness refers to how successfully a person is able to convey their intended message. This study explores the relationship between perceptual ratings of informativeness and selected linguistic measures of lexical and structural content. It considers which linguistic measures have ecological validity in terms of what listeners view as important.

Method

Two complex picture description samples from 20 people with aphasia were analyzed. Linguistic measures included number of correct information units (NCIU), percentage of correct information units, number of propositions (NP), propositional idea density (PID), and mean length of utterance in words (MLU
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w). Eleven naïve listeners produced direct magnitude estimation (DME) ratings of informativeness. A correlational design was used to investigate the relationship between mean DME informativeness ratings and each of the linguistic measures.

Results

The 2 picture description samples elicited similar informativeness ratings. Positive significant correlations were identified between mean DME informativeness ratings and NCIU, percentage of correct information units, NP, and MLU
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w; the strength of correlation differed across variables. No significant correlation was found between mean DME informativeness ratings and PID. Significant correlations were also seen between the linguistic variables, particularly between NP and PID as well as NP and MLU
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w.

Conclusions
Overall, the linguistic measures corresponded to rated informativeness, highlighting their ecological validity. The strongest relationship was between NCIU and rated informativeness, emphasizing the importance of complete and accurate production of lexical information, particularly nouns. Less strong, but still significant, relationships were seen with variables looking at the efficiency of information giving and the connection of ideas within sentences. The importance of different types of informative measures is considered in relation to the elicitation stimuli.
Longitudinal Study of Expressive Language and Speech of Twins at 3 and 5 Years: Outgrowing a Twinning Effect
Authors: Culloty Amy M. , O'Toole Ciara , Gibbon Fiona E. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This study examines the expressive language and speech of twins, relative to singletons, at 3 and 5 years, with the aim of determining if a twinning effect occurs during this developmental period. The possibility of twins outgrowing a twinning effect was investigated.

Method
A weighted population-based sample of 185 twins and 1,309 closely spaced singletons who participated in the Growing Up in Ireland study was analyzed. Their development was compared using a standardized expressive vocabulary assessment and parent interview at 3 and 5 years as well as teacher reports at 5 years. Causal steps mediation analyses were subsequently conducted to determine if gestation and birth weight mediated twin–singleton differences in expressive vocabulary development.

Results
Twins' expressive vocabulary scores were slightly lower than those of singletons at 3 years, but there was no significant difference at 5 years. More parents of twins reported “a little” concern about their child's expressive language and speech skills at 3 years, although there was no significant twin–singleton difference 2 years later. Teachers' ratings of twins' and singletons' expressive language and speech skills at 5 years were comparable. Shorter gestations and lower birth weights mediated twins' lower expressive vocabulary scores at 3 years.

Conclusions
A very small twinning effect on expressive vocabulary development exists at 3 years and is outgrown by 5 years. Twins born after shorter gestations or at a lower birth weight are at an increased risk of having less developed expressive vocabulary skills at 3 years.
Accent Intelligibility Differences in Noise Across Native and Nonnative Accents: Effects of Talker–Listener Pairing at Acoustic–Phonetic and Lexical Levels
Authors: Stringer Louise , Iverson Paul 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe intelligibility of an accent strongly depends on the specific talker–listener pairing. To explore the causes of this phenomenon, we investigated the relationship between acoustic–phonetic similarity and accent intelligibility across native (1st language) and nonnative (2nd language) talker–listener pairings. We also used online measures to observe processing differences in quiet.MethodEnglish (n= 16) and Spanish (n= 16) listeners heard Standard Southern British English, Glaswegian English, and Spanish-accented English in a speech recognition task (in quiet and noise) and an electroencephalogram task (quiet only) designed to assess phonological and lexical processing. Stimuli were drawn from the nonnative speech recognition sentences (Stringer & Iverson, 2019). The acoustic–phonetic similarity between listeners' accents and the 3 accents was calculated using the ACCDIST metric (Huckvale, 2004,2007).ResultsTalker–listener pairing had a clear influence on accent intelligibility. This was linked to the phonetic similarity of the talkers and the listeners, but similarity could not account for all findings. The influence of talker–listener pairing on lexical processing was less clear; the N400 effect was mostly robust to accent mismatches, with some relationship to intelligibility.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the influence of talker–listener pairing on intelligibility may be partly attributable to accent similarity in addition to accent familiarity. Online measures also show that differences in talker–listener accents can disrupt processing in quiet even where accents are highly intelligible.
Pharyngeal Manometry in Pediatric Dysphagia Assessment
Authors: Ferris Lara , Omari Taher 
Published: June 2019

PurposeReliable measures to capture swallowing pathophysiology and outcomes from therapeutic interventions are needed in the pediatric setting. Therefore, this review presents the current best evidence for manometry investigation and its application in pediatric dysphagia. For oropharyngeal dysphagia assessment, videofluoroscopic swallow study is considered the gold standard, and fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing is also employed in some settings. In clinical practice, both tests mostly rely on qualitative interpretation of image data and have variable reliability to detect pathophysiology.ConclusionAcknowledging that swallowing is a pressure-driven event, the role of manometry is now being considered as an objective, nonradiological technique that can be performed as an adjunct to other clinical swallow evaluations. The latest high-resolution manometry catheter technologies are miniaturized and simple to use, enhancing their potential application in pediatric clinical and research contexts.