bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Two Different Resisted Swim Training Load Protocols on Swimming Strength and Performance
Authors: González Ravé José María , Legaz-Arrese Alejandro , González-Mohíno Fernando , Yustres Inmaculada , Barragán Rubén , Fernández Francisco de Asís , Juárez Daniel , Arroyo-Toledo Juan Jaime 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study used a power rack device to evaluate the effects of 2 different approaches to resisted swim training loads on swimming strength and performance. Sixteen male, youth national-level swimmers (mean age, 16.22 ± 2.63 years; body height, 169 ± 10.20 cm; body mass, 61.33 ± 9.90 kg) completed a 6-week specific strength-training program, and were then randomly assigned to one of the two groups: a standard training group (GS, n = 8) and a flat pyramid-loading pattern group (GP, n = 8). Strength and power tests along with specific swimming tests (50-m crawl and 50-m competition-style time trials) were conducted at baseline (pre-test), before the third week (mid-test), and after 6 weeks of intervention (post-test). Isokinetic swim bench tests were conducted to obtain measurements of force production and power, and 1RM tests with the power rack system were conducted to measure the maximum drag load (MDL) and specific swimming power. Following 6 weeks of intervention, the mean MDL increased (p < 0.05) by 13.94%. Scores for the 50-m competition style and 50-m crawl time trials improved by 0.32% and 0.78%, respectively, in the GP; however, those changes were not statistically significant. The GS significantly increased their time in the 50-m competition style by 2.59%, and their isokinetic force production decreased by 14.47% (p < 0.05). The 6-week strength-training program performed with the power rack device in a pyramidal organization was more effective than a standard linear load organization in terms of producing improvements in the MDL; however, it did not produce significant improvements in performance. The use of a strength-training program with a pyramidal organization can be recommended for specific strength-training in young swimmers during a preparatory period. However, in our study, that program did not produce significant changes in 50-m crawl and main competition style performance.
Do Strike Patterns or Shoe Conditions Have a Predominant Influence on Foot Loading?
Authors: Sun Xiaole , Yang Yang , Wang Lin , Zhang Xini , Fu Weijie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of strike patterns and shoe conditions on foot loading during running. Twelve male runners were required to run under shoe (SR) and barefoot conditions (BR) with forefoot (FFS) and rearfoot strike patterns (RFS). Kistler force plates and the Medilogic insole plantar pressure system were used to collect kinetic data. SR with RFS significantly reduced the maximum loading rate, whereas SR with FFS significantly increased the maximum push-off force compared to BR. Plantar pressure variables were more influenced by the strike patterns (15 out of 18 variables) than shoe conditions (7 out of 18 variables). The peak pressure of midfoot and heel regions was significantly increased in RFS, but appeared in a later time compared to FFS. The influence of strike patterns on running, particularly on plantar pressure characteristics, was more significant than that of shoe conditions. Heel-toe running caused a significant impact force on the heel, whereas wearing cushioned shoes significantly reduced the maximum loading rate. FFS running can prevent the impact caused by RFS. However, peak plantar pressure was centered at the forefoot for a long period, thereby inducing a potential risk of injury in the metatarsus/phalanx.
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) hydroethanolic leaf extract
Authors: Adeyemi Olufunmilayo O. , Ishola Ismail O. , Adesanya Elizabeth T. , Alohan Destiny O. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background

Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) is used in traditional African Medicine for the treatment of headache, abdominal pain, and rheumatism. Hence, this study sought to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of T. alnifolia (HeTA) in rodents.

Methods
Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-/capsaicin-induced paw licking and hot plate tests in mice. The contribution of opioidergic, l-arginine-nitric oxide, and ATP-sensitive potassium channel pathways in HeTA-induced antinociception was also evaluated. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema, xylene ear edema, cotton pellet granuloma, and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats.

Results
HeTA (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean number of acetic acid-induced writhing, time spent licking paw in formalin, and capsaicin tests as well as time course increase in nociceptive reaction latency in hot plate test. HeTA-induced antinociception was prevented by pretreatment of mice with naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor antagonist), l-arginine (nitric oxide precursor), or glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker). HeTA (100 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (1–5 h), xylene-induced ear edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, and CFA-induced arthritis in rats. The effects of HeTA in various models were similar to the effect of the standard reference drugs.

Conclusions
Findings from this study showed that HeTA possesses antinociceptive effect possibly mediated through peripheral opioid receptors with activation of l-arginine-nitric oxide and ATP-sensitive potassium channel pathway as well as anti-inflammatory activity.
Dynamics of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress across maternal serum, placenta and amniotic fluid in laboratory rats and the role played by genistein aglycone
Authors: Awobajo Funmileyi O. , Morakinyo Ayodele O. , Samuel Titilola A. , Oyelowo Oluwakemi T. , Ogunsola Abimbola O. , Onyekwele Perpetual U. , Okedina Mosunmola E. , Ogunbanwo Oluwadamilola O. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Genistein was reported to adversely influence fetal development although this is yet to be fully understood as a mechanism.

Methods
In this study, pregnant rats were divided into control (Cont.) and genistein force-fed (2-mg/kg and 4-mg/kg) groups. Each group was divided further into five subgroups: GD-0, GD-6, GD-13, GD-18, and GD-20 based on the terminal gestational day (GD). On the respective terminal GD, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples and amniotic fluid were carefully collected and separated and placenta homogenates were prepared. These samples were evaluated for oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. The weights of embryonic implant and placenta tissue were also recorded. Heat shock protein (Hsp) (60 and 90), corticosterone, and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined in all the samples.

Results
Fetal and placental weights in all genistein-exposed groups were significantly decreased. A fluctuation in the level of the Hsp was recorded with a significant decrease recorded in Hsp90 level in the placenta and amniotic fluid towards GD-20 along with a concomitant increase in the corticosterone level in the amniotic fluid in all genistein groups compared to control. Maternal serum at GD-18 and GD -20 recorded a significant increase in antioxidant level (SOD, GSH, CAT) in all genistein-exposed groups. However, these antioxidants were significantly reduced in the placenta and the amniotic fluid compared to control.

Conclusions
Genistein enhances the placenta function in attenuating the risk of oxidative stress in the amniotic fluid and deferentially suppressed inflammatory activities in the placenta during early gestation and towards late gestation period.
Sympathovagal imbalance and neurophysiologic cognitive assessment using evoked potentials in polycystic ovary syndrome in young adolescents – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Velusami Deepika , Sivasubramanian Sivaranjini 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Altered lifestyle and urbanization have potentially increased the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among the women in India. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the autonomic function and subclinical cognition impairment using evoked potentials in PCOS-affected young adolescents.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study, approved by Indian Medical of Council Research as a short-term student project. The study was performed with adolescent girls (age group, 10–18 years) diagnosed as having PCOS, attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry. Autonomic function was evaluated using heart rate variability and cognition employing auditory evoked potentials (P300 latency and amplitude) among the control group (n=30) and the PCOS group (n=30).

Results
Our study reports indicated that autonomic functions were significantly affected among the PCOS group compared to the control group (p=0.03), with sympathetic dominance and decreased vagal tone. P300 latency was prolonged and amplitude was decreased among the PCOS group, but the results were not statistically significant when compared to the control group. Body mass index showed significant correlation with sympathovagal imbalance.

Conclusion
The study indicates that autonomic functions are significantly altered in the PCOS group. Subclinical cognition impairment is seen among the PCOS group but is not pronounced enough to be proven statistically. This study informs adolescent girls to make early lifestyle changes as soon as possible before any significant clinical impairment occurs.
The Assessment of Determinants of Credit Services’ Choices among Students
Authors: Bartkevičiūtė Gintarė , Gaigalienė Asta , Legenzova Renata 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article analyses demographic factors which determine the students’ intention to borrow and to choose a particular credit service, i.e., what characteristics of credit services are the most important for students when making a choice of a particular credit service.
The Factors Determining Employees’ Positive Attitude to Innovations: A Case of Klaipėda Public Transport Companies
Authors: Paulikas Julius 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Innovation is a complex process which causes various changes in organizations. Since the success of innovation is mostly influenced by the staff, the research aims at theoretical and empirical identification of the factors which determine employees’ positive attitude to innovations implemented in Klaipėda public transport companies. The research findings revealed that the main factor which fosters employees’ positive attitude to innovations is a material incentive, and the least significant factor is an opportunity to participate and be involved in the process of innovation creation and implementation. The dominant factors are the ones that are most related to personal benefits for the employees themselves rather than to the benefits for the organization.
Content Marketing Decisions for Effective Internal Communication
Authors: Pažėraitė Aušra , Repovienė Rūta 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper focuses on the assumption that new marketing and communication concepts, including content marketing, provide new opportunities for internal communication. The problem solved in this paper argues how content marketing decisions can contribute to effective internal communication. Based on scientific literature analysis, a theoretical-hypothetical model of the content marketing decisions’ contribution to the effective internal communication is presented.
Analysis of Influence of Coil Gradient System on Vibration Properties and Acoustic Noise Level Generated by the Low Field MRI Device
Authors: Přibil Jiří , Přibilová Anna , Frollo Ivan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper focuses on investigation of influence of the volume inserted in the scanning area of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device working with a low magnetic field generated by a pair of permanent magnets on vibration and acoustic noise. In addition, its aim is to evaluate the influence of different types of used scan sequences, different settings of slice orientation and scan parameters on the energy and spectral properties of vibration and noise generated by the gradient coil system of the MRI device. Two basic measurements were performed within this work: mapping of sound pressure levels in the MRI device vicinity and parallel acquisition of vibration signals by sensors mounted on the lower and upper parts of the MRI gradient system. The paper next analyzes changes in properties of the vibration signals for the examined person lying in the scanning area compared with the situation of using only the testing phantom. Spectral characteristics of the recorded vibration signals are then analyzed statistically, and compared visually and numerically. The obtained results of the detailed analysis will be used for improvement of noise suppression algorithms applied to a speech signal recorded simultaneously with scanning of the human vocal tract for its 3D modeling.
Diagnostics of the Presence of Viruses in the Potato and Soil
Authors: Yin Zhimin , Michalak Krystyna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a combined biological assay on indicator plants, a serological assay using ELISA and a molecular assay for detection of viruses that infect the potato. It also elaborates on the bioassay for PVY strain differentiation and for detection of TRV in tubers and soil samples. At IHAR-PIB Młochów Research Center, ELISA tests can be conducted for detection of PVY, PVA, PVM, PVS, PLRV, PVX, TRV and PMTV. Multiplex RT-PCR, real-time quantitative RT-PCR and sequencing methods for detection of PVY, TRV and PMTV are optimized based on a published protocol or developed in our laboratory. The primers for detection of PVY, TRV, PVM, PVS, PLRV, PVX, PMTV, PVA, AMV, CMV, PAMV, TBRV, and BMYV according to the published methods are listed. The maintenance and usage of 19 species of indicator plants are discussed.
In Vitro Preservation of Potato Plants
Authors: Strzelczyk-Żyta Danuta 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Potato plants free of viruses, bacteria and viroid could be maintained in vitro for a long time. Proper preparation of potato plants for in vitro culture provide its long-term storage in good condition. First step is to establish in vitro culture from young greenhouse grown plants in early developmental stage. Explants are maintained and propagated by nodal subculture on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at temperature 20-22°C. After rooting, for longer preservation plants are maintained at temperature 8-10°C.
“Lifeworld” representation of political measures in president Xi Jinping’s discourse
Authors: Wang Jiayu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper analyzes China’s president Xi Jinping’s discourse of political measures including the construction of the Party’s “work style”, anticorruption drive, and China’s economic development. The analysis is based on an integrated framework combining discursive representations (Fairclough 1995, 2003) and Martin and White’s (2005) framework for the language of evaluation. Through the analysis, this study is hoped to offer a discourse perspective regarding the CCP’s “discursive governance”, that is, how the lifeworld discursive resources including metaphors, representations of daily scenarios, and colloquialisms in the CCP’s discourse work to strengthen the argumentations for its governance.
Timing of Pre-Nuptial Migration of the Song Thrush Turdus Philomelos in Calabria (Southern Italy)
Authors: Muscianese Eugenio , Martino Giuseppe , Sgro Pasquale , Scebba Sergio , Sorrenti Michele 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Muscianese E., Martino G., Sgro P., Scebba S. and Sorrenti M. 2018. Timing of pre-nuptial migration of the Song Thrush Turdus philomelos in Calabria (southern Italy). Ring 40: 19-30.
The European Commission has established that pre-nuptial migration of the Song Thrush Turdus philomelos in Italy begins in the second decade (10-day period) of January. This three-year study was carried out at two localities in the Calabria region of southern Italy from 2012 to 2014, with 3-4 ringing sessions every decade from mid-January to the end of March. In total, 447 birds were captured. Based on catching dynamics and changes in fat load and body mass, we documented that the species’ northward migration took place in mainly March, with early movements in February. As no migratory activity was detected before the second decade of February, the dates of the hunting season in this area can be re-considered.
Heldendarstellung in Ariostos Orlando furioso. Herrscherlob und erzählerisches Ingenium in postheroischen Zeiten
Authors: Bender Niklas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In Ariosto’s Orlando furioso, heroism represents the heart of ethics, it drives the plot, and is at the very center of intertextual reference - yet, it is very difficult to grasp. After a brief definition of the term, this article analyses the link between heroism, the literary tradition, and the question of literary genre as it is evoked in canto I. In a second step, the representation of heroism as well as its comic subversion will be discussed in an overview of the text. Thirdly, and fourthly, the analytical scope is narrowed down to the heroism of Orlando and Ruggiero, the central figures of Orlando furioso. The depiction of Ruggiero as the fictitious founder of the Este-genealogy, then, raises the central question of the interaction between narrative irony and encomiastic intention. The penultimate part will introduce the context of the contemporary evolution in military technology: as this article shows, this context in fact determines the function of heroic representation.
„Messieurs les démons, laissez-moi donc!“ Das Sichtbare und das Sagbare in Flauberts Tentation de saint Antoine
Authors: Traninger Anita 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
That Gustave Flaubert found inspiration for his Tentation de saint Antoine in a painting ascribed to Breughel the younger, which he saw during his Italian travels in Genoa, has often been noted and commented on. Yet while the source has been named regularly, it has often been reduced to a mere thematic inspiration. This article seeks to show how the painting, together with an etching by Jacques Callot owned by Flaubert, informed seminal structural decisions, above all the dramatic form. The article provides a discussion of both the images of the saint conceived in the textual tradition of Saint Anthony’s legend and the pictorial tradition that proliferated in the early modern period. While both underpin the text, it is the pictorial tradition which, together with a musical rendering of the legend by Jean-Michel Sédaine, provides the seminal clues for the psychology of Flaubert’s Antoine. For the first time, it will also be shown how the Callot print may have informed the incongruous juxtaposition of religious temptation and scientific microscopic vision in Antoine’s final temptation.
Las funciones discursivas de las interrogativas parciales en castellano
Authors: Rosemeyer Malte 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper develops a corpus-driven analysis of wh-interrogatives in Castilian Spanish. Combining methods from variationist and interactional linguistics, it is demonstrated that both the distribution of the variants and their discourse functions can be described in terms of the degree of mental accessibility of the interrogative proposition (P) and the referent of the interrogative pronoun/ adverb (X). In contexts in which both P and X have a low degree of accessibility, wh-interrogatives establish a new Question under Discussion; in contexts in which P has a high and X a low degree of accessibility, wh-interrogatives are used to elaborate a current Question under Discussion; in contexts in which both P and X have a high degree of accessibility, wh-interrogatives are used to repeat, clarify or challenge a previous utterance. Given that the wh-interrogative variants differ in their restrictions regarding the accessibility of P and X, they typically also fulfil different discourse functions. The analysis moreover demonstrates that due to these functional differences, the type of response to the interrogatives produced by the listeners differs systematically depending on the wh-interrogative type.
Acute Kidney Damage: Definition, Classification and Optimal Time of Hemodialysis
Authors: Hamzagic Nedim , Nikolic Tomislav , Jovicic Biljana Popovska , Canovic Petar , Jacovic Sasa , Petrovic Dejan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Acute damage to the kidney is a serious complication in patients in intensive care units. The causes of acute kidney damage in these patients may be prerenal, renal and postrenal. Sepsis is the most common cause of the development of acute kidney damage in intensive care units. For the definition and classification of acute kidney damage in clinical practice, the RIFLE, AKIN and KDIGO classifications are used. There is a complex link between acute kidney damage and other organs. Acute kidney damage is induced by complex pathophysiological mechanisms that cause acute damage and functional disorders of the heart (acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome and cardiac arrhythmias), brain (whole body cramps, ischaemic stroke and coma), lung (acute damage to the lung and acute respiratory distress syndrome) and liver (hypoxic hepatitis and acute hepatic insufficiency). New biomarkers, colour Doppler ultrasound diagnosis and kidney biopsy have significant roles in the diagnosis of acute kidney damage. Prevention of the development of acute kidney damage in intensive care units includes maintaining an adequate haemodynamic status in patients and avoiding nephrotoxic drugs and agents (radiocontrast agents). The complications of acute kidney damage (hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, hypervolaemia and azotaemia) are treated with medications, intravenous solutions, and therapies for renal function replacement. Absolute indications for acute haemodialysis include resistant hyperkalaemia, severe metabolic acidosis, resistant hypervolaemia and complications of high azotaemia. In the absence of an absolute indication, dialysis is indicated for patients in intensive care units at stage 3 of the AKIN/KDIGO classification and in some patients with stage 2. Intermittent haemodialysis is applied for haemodynamically stable patients with severe hyperkalaemia and hypervolaemia. In patients who are haemodynamically unstable and have liver insufficiency or brain damage, continuous modalities of treatment for renal replacement are indicated.