bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WASH human resources capacity gaps for achieving MDG in the field of
management and finance/sanitation sector (2014)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: February 2018

This layer shows human resources capacity gaps for achieving MDG in the
field of management and finance.
For more information, visit:
www.iwa-network.org/downloads/1422745887-an-avoidable-crisis-wash-gaps.pdf

Capacity-building
Efficiency
Human esources
Sanitation
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA 35% DAN KARBAMID PEROKSIDA 35% TERHADAP MICROLEAKAGE PADA RESIN KOMPOSIT NANOHYBRID
Authors: Istianah Istianah , Aryati Ekoningtyas Endah , Benyamin Benni 
Published: February 2018

Background: Intrinsic tooth discoloration is an aesthetic problem for most people. One of the Intracoronal bleaching treatment used hydrogen peroxide 35% and carbamide peroxide 35%. Tooth whitening material reported increase microleakage in composite resin. Purpose: This research aims to determine the differences effect of hydrogen peroxide 35% and carbamide peroxide 35 % toward microleakage in the nanohybrid composite resin. Method: This research was an experimental laboratory method with post test only control group design. The research was conducted by doing the root canal treatment on 27 samples of maxillary central incisor with the base, then the procedure of intracoronal bleaching was done using hydrogen peroxide 35 % as group 1, carbamide peroxide 35 % as group 2 and distilled water as control group. After nanohybrid composite resin restorative procedure, coated with nail varnish then immersion in methylene blue 5%. Furthermore, slit the teeth and methylene blue penetration depth measured using metalographyÂ microscope. Result: Based on one way ANOVA test found that there was a difference in each group with a significance of 0,000 (p < 0,05) it can be interpreted that there are differences between groups. Based on LSD Post Hoc test, found that there was a difference in the effect on the group of hydrogen peroxide 35% and carbamide peroxide 35% with a significance of 0,004 (p<0,05). Conclusion: The results of this research can be concluded that there was differences in the effect of hydrogen peroxide 35% and carbamide peroxide 35% towardmicroleakage in the nanohybrid composite resin.Keywords: intracoronal bleaching, hydrogen peroxide 35%, carbamide peroxide 35 %, microleakage, nanohybrid compositeresin
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN GEL BINAHONG (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA) 5% TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL FIBROBLAST PADA SOKET PASCA PENCABUTAN GIGI MARMUT (CAVIA COBAYA)
Authors: Ardiana Tifani , Rizkia Putri Kusuma Andina , Dian Firdausy Muhammad 
Published: February 2018

Background: Binahong Leaf (Anredera Cordifolia) is known as a medicinal plant. Binahong gel contains an assortment of phytochemicals. Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Binahong gel (Anredera cordifolia) 5% application into the socket after tooth extraction of guinea pig (Cavia cobaya), and then its fibroblast cells histologically observed at days 4 and 7. Method: This research method was a quasi-experimental. The sample used were 16 guinea pigs (Cavia cobaya) males, aged 3-5 months and divided into 4 groups. Group 1 consisted of four guinea pigs were given a gel Binahong until day 4, 1 control group consisted of four guinea pigs were not given gel Binahong until day 4, 2Â treatment groups were given gel Binahong until day 7 and 2 control groups were not given gel Binahong until day 7, then the guenia pigs decapitated to be made histological preparats, the aim to see and count the number of fibroblast cells. Kemudian dimasukan dalam data lalu dianalisis. The data analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test with probability p <0.05, and Mann Whitney to determine differences in effectiveness between variables. Result: Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, there is a significant difference between the number of fibroblasts which had giving Binahong gel after tooth extraction of guinea pigs (p <0.05). From the Mann Whitney test concluded the treatment group 1 and control group 1 showed not significant (p> 0.05). In the second treatment group and control group 2 can be concluded there is a significant difference (p <0.05). Conclusion: From the results of this study application gel Binahong 5% for 4 days after tooth extraction does not effectively influence the number of fibroblasts, for 7 days proved effective influence fibroblast cell count after tooth extraction of guinea pig (Cavia cobaya).
KADAR KALSIUM (Ca) DALAM CAIRAN KREVIKULAR GINGIVA PADA PENDERITA PERIODONTITIS KRONIS
Authors: Kurniawati Ita , Pujiastuti Peni , Wulan Suci Dharmayanti Agustin 
Published: February 2018

Background: Chronic periodontitis occurred mostly in productive ages. Chronic periodontitis was started by adherence and accumulation of plaque bacteria that caused vascular enhancement, PMN infiltration, and periodontal tissue destruction. This process caused bone calcium solubitily which went trough blood stream and excreted to gungiva sulci. Calcium in periodontal tissue could be found both in extracellular and intracellular matrix.Purpose: Purpose of this study was to know calcium level in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis and compare calcium level in chronic periodontitis and gingivitis.Method: This study was analytic observational with cross sectional approach and got admission from ethic comission of Dental Faculty, Gadjah Mada University. The subjects were patients who came to dental hospital of Jember University. The subjects had to full fill informed consent. The subjects were selected according inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects complying inclusion criteria were divided into gingivitis group (PI score 0 - 0.7) and chronic periodontitis (PI score 1 - 8.0). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from teeth which got gingivitis and chronic periodontitis, GCF was absorbed using paperpoint and stored inside eppendorf tube. Paperpoint was added with 50 µL 0.02 M PBS pH 7.4 and 100 µL distilled water. Calcium level was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Result: The result showed there was calcium in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis. Mean of calcium level of chronic periodontitis was higher than gingivitis.Conclusion: This study concluded there was calcium in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis and calcium level of chronic periodontitis was higher than gingivitis.
PERBEDAAN LEBAR CELAH TEPI TUMPATAN SEMEN IONOMER KACA MODIFIKASI RESIN NANO DAN MODIFIKASI RESIN
Authors: Kumala Yuliana Ratna , Rachmawati Dini , Sari Amanda Andika 
Published: February 2018

Background: One over many ways to treat dental caries is by restoration.Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is the restorations material that bonds physically and chemically to tooth structure. GIC has been developed by combining the conventional material with monomer resin, known as resin modified GIC (RMGIC). Presently, with the development of nano technology, RMGIC restoration also available in the form of nano particles, called nanofilled RMGIC (RMGICn). One disadvantage of GIC is the marginal gap which may affects the durability ofrestoration. Purpose: The purpose of this study to compare the marginal gap width of RMGIC and nanofilled RMGIC.Methods: This study used scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observing and measuring the marginal gap width in two kelompoks of 9 maxillary first premolar teeth. The first kelompok restored with RMGIC, the second kelompok restored with nanofilled RMGIC. Following immersion in artificial saliva and the teeth were thermocycled at a temperature of 5oC, 37oC, and 55oC (250 cycles) 1 minute each. Data analysis was done using independent t-test with 95% confidence interval (α = 0.05).Results: Statistical test showed a significant difference for marginal gap width in both kelompok (p = 0.000).Conclusion: There is marginal gap in RMGIC and RMGICn restoration. RMGIC restoration presented lower marginal gap width than RMGIC.
PROSES KREATIF PELUKIS KALIGRAFI ISLAM: SEBUAH PENELITIAN KUALITATIF
Authors: Lismarwan Nofan G , Nashori Fuad 
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study is to descriptively explore the creative process experienced by Islamic calligraphy painters. The research subjects were active muslim calligraphy painters whose age were above 21 years old and have produced more than 5 Islamic calligraphy paintings. Subjects of this research were: Munichy B. Edrees, H. Ashady and Syaiful Adnan. The data was obtained from a semi-structured interview. The use of this method of data was intended to identify the creative process among those Islamic calligraphy painters.The results of this research on the creative process in Islamic calligraphy painters were of the followings: (1) it took a good mood and tranquil mind to paint, (2) specified situations may generate inspiration, (3) a desire to paint which were derived from the surrounding reality and occurences, both social and spiritual, (4) the painters‘ feeling of horizontal and vertical satisfaction resulting from painting. (5) the need to probe for a certain theme through the collection of relevant information, (6) the creative process influenced by religious activities, (7) the painters‘ interest and concern on specific themes, (8) the creative process influenced by technical skills of calligraphy painting, (9) the painters’ compliance to follow their hand movements as they were believed to be inspired by Allah. There were, in fact, similarities and differences found in each calligraphy painters in their creative painting process. Keywords: creative process, calligraphy painter
HARGA DIRI DAN KONFORMITAS TERHADAP KELOMPOK DENGAN PERILAKU MINUM MINUMAN BERALKOHOL PADA REMAJA
Authors: Cipto - , Kuncoro Joko 
Published: February 2018

The major purpose of this research is to find the relations between self esteem and conformity with dringking behavior. This study also try to find the contribution of each independen variabel to the dependen variabel. The sample of this research are 52 teenages who watch rock music concert at kudus . The result of this study using multiple regression technique show that there was significan correlation between between self esteem and conformity with dringking behavior with R = 0,125; p = 0,000 (p < 0,01; significan), F = 21,386 dan p = 0,000. Statistical analysis also shows that there was positive significan correlation between self esteem and drinkin behavior with rxy= - 0,313; p = 0,000 (p<0,01). The relation between conformity and drinking behavior is positive significa with rxy = 0,397 ; p= 0,000 (p<0,01). This is mean tha all hypothesis are proven or accepted. The final conclusion of this study is there is significan relationship between self esteem and conformity with drinking behavior among teenage at kudus. Keyword : drinking behavior, self esteem, conformity
PERNIKAHAN DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA S-1
Authors: Anisaningtyas Galuhpritta , Astuti Yulianti Dwi 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seluk beluk pernikahan di kalangan mahasiswa strata 1 (S1) dengan fokus pada motivasi menikah, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terbentuk atau teraktualisasinya motivasi tersebut dan bagaimana kehidupan mereka setelah pernikahan. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah tiga orang dengan karakteristik mahasiswi S1, berstatus sebagai mahasiswa aktif, berusia 18-22 tahun, telah menikah dan tinggal bersama suami serta tidak bercerai sampai saat penelitian ini dilakukan.Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dengan menggunakan interview guide sebagai panduan dalam percakapan. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kualitatif, dengan langkah-langkah berupa wawancara, transkrip verbatim, pembuatan tema-tema yang kemudian akan dilanjutkan dengan memasukkan ke dalam sub kategori dan kategori untuk memperoleh model pernikahan di kalangan mahasiswa S1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa secara umum responden menikah di saat masih kuliah karena memiliki motivasi yang kuat untuk menikah yang didukung oleh faktor-faktor seperti dukungan dan restu dari orangtua serta keyakinan pada diri sendiri untuk menjalani pernikahan sambil kuliah. Secara umum, kehidupan pernikahan mahasiswa yang menikah di saat masih kuliah dalam keadaan baik meskipun mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam mengatur waktu antara kuliah dan rumah tangga dan kadangkala kehidupan pernikahan diwarnai dengan konflik-konflik kecil. Kata kunci: motivasi, pernikahan, kehidupan pernikahan MARRIAGE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS Abstract This study aimed to understand the trend to get married among undergraduate students with a focus on their motivation to get married, the factors that lead to the making or the actualization of that motivation, and how their life after marriage. Respondents in this study were 3 female undergraduate students aged 18-22 years old, married and lived with her husband, and did not divorce at the time of this study held. The data collected by interview using the interview guide as guide the conversation. The study employed qualitative analysis with measurement in the interview forms, verbatim transcripts, making the themes which will then be followed by entering into a sub category and category to obtain a model of marriage among undergraduate students. Based on the results, it is concluded that in general the respondents were married while they were still in college because they had a strong motivation for being married and also supported by factors such as the support and blessing of the parents as well as confidence in their self to live a marriage while in college. In general, their marriage life in good condition, although they have difficulty in managing the time between college-family and their marriage life that sometimes tinged with minor conflicts. Keywords: motivation, marriage, marriage life
Düzenli Egzersiz Yapan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: DİNÇ Nurten , GÖKMEN Mehmet Hilmi , ERGİN Esin 
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı
düzenli olarak spor yapan bireylerin beslenme bilgi düzeylerini belirlemektir.
Aydın ilinde özel spor salonunda düzenli olarak fitness ve vücut geliştirme
sporu yapan 115 gönüllü çalışmaya katılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin elde
edilmesinde kişisel bilgi formu ve Alpar (2011) tarafından geliştirilen belenme
alışkanlıkları ve besin tüketim sıklıkları anket formları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan katılımcıların yaş ortalamaları
21,51±5,02 vücut ağırlıkları ortalamaları 74,81±14,04 kg, boy ortalamaları
177±7,17 cm ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) 23,57±3,57 bulunmuştur. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 22 paket
programı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel gösterimlerinde
tanımlayıcı ve betimsel istatistiklerden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda
katılımcıların ana öğünlerini atlamadıkları; %81,2’sinin kahvaltı yaptığı,
%92,2’sinin öğle yemeği yediği, %97,4’ünün akşam yemeği yediği saptanmıştır.
Ara öğünlerde ise oranların daha düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Katılımcıların
besin ergojeniği kullanma durumlarına bakıldığında %27’sinin besin ergojeniği kullandığı
%72,2’sinin besin ergojeniği kullanmadığı ortaya konmuştur. Besin ergojeniği
kullanan %27lik oranda en çok kullanılan besin ergojeniği çeşidinin protein
tozu olduğu saptanmıştır.
Dynapenia and Sarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Disability in a Falls and Fractures Clinic in Older Persons
Authors: Benjumea Angela-María , Curcio Carmen-Lucía , Duque Gustavo , Gomez Fernando 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND: The role of sarcopenia and dynapenia in disability in older persons from falls and bone health clinics remain unknown.AIM: This study aims to compare the association of sarcopenia and dynapenia with physical and instrumental disability in a population of older persons attending a falls and fractures clinic.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in Manizales, Andes Mountains, Colombia. 534 subjects (mean age = 74, 75% female) Sarcopenia was measured according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) including an index of skeletal mass, muscle strength, and gait speed. Dynapenia was defined as a handgrip force ≤ 30 kg for men and ≤ 20 kg for women.RESULTS: Dynapenia and sarcopenia were present in 84.6% and 71.2% respectively. Both were more prevalent in older subjects and women than men. While sarcopenia was associated with body mass index and hypertension, dynapenia was associated with hypothyroidism and visual impairment. After controlling for all covariates, sarcopenia was associated with low IADL and mobility disability.CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia was associated with mobility, ADL and IADL disability. Dynapenia was not associated with disability in this high - risk population. Systematic assessment of sarcopenia should be implemented in falls and fractures clinics to identify sarcopenia and develop interventions to prevent functional decline among elderly individuals.
The Cost-effectiveness of Biannual Serum Urate (SU) Monitoring after Reaching Target in Gout: A Health Economic Analysis Comparing SU Monitoring
Authors: Robinson Philip C. , Dalbeth Nicola , Donovan Peter 
Published: February 2018

Objective.The 2012 American College of Rheumatology gout management guidelines recommend monitoring serum urate (SU) every 6 months after target SU has been achieved. Our objective was to determine through modeling whether this testing would be cost-effective, considering financial cost, quality of life, and estimated change in adherence.Methods.A cost-utility analysis was completed with a 3-arm model: (1) no regular urate monitoring; (2) annual urate monitoring; and (3) biannual urate monitoring. Inputs to the model for health-related quality of life, flare rate, and treatment location were drawn from the medical literature and modeled over a lifetime horizon.Results.No monitoring was the least costly (Australian$6974) but least effective [13.51 quality-adjusted life-yrs (QALY)], while annual urate monitoring [A$7117; 13.53 QALY; incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) A$13,678/QALY gained] and biannual monitoring [A$7298; 13.54 QALY; ICER A$15,420 per QALY gained] were both cost-effective alternatives in base case analysis. Sensitivity analysis on both an individual component level and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) demonstrated that the result was robust to changes in input variables. An improvement in adherence of ≥ 3.5% with biannual monitoring was all that was required to demonstrate cost-effectiveness. In PSA, the probability of biannual monitoring was 78%, no monitoring was 20%, and annual monitoring was 2%.Conclusion.The results suggest that biannual SU monitoring after attaining target SU is the most cost-effective, compared with no testing and annual testing.
La surprise Trump : les raisons d’une improbable victoire
Authors: Fougier Eddy 
Published: February 2018

La victoire de Donald Trump à l’élection présidentielle américaine le 8 novembre 2016 a été l’une des plus grandes surprises de l’histoire électorale des États-Unis. Même s’il a été dépassé de près de 3 millions de voix par Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump n’en a pas moins été largement élu avec 304 grands électeurs. Il doit sa victoire au fait d’avoir remporté la plupart des ‘swing states’, même si la marge a pu être très étroite dans quelques Etats-clefs (Michigan, Pennsylvanie, Wisconsin), et notamment les principaux États en difficulté économique de la ‘Rust Belt’ (Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvanie). Il a su tout d’abord mobiliser l’électorat républicain traditionnel : un électorat masculin, âgé, aisé, protestant et rural. Par son discours protectionniste et anti-immigration, il a également réussi à attirer à lui les suffrages des « cols bleus », les fameux ‘non-college whites’. Or, dans le même temps, Hillary Clinton n’est pas parvenue à mobiliser de façon massive l’électorat démocrate traditionnel. Deux raisons principales ont été avancées pour expliquer la victoire surprise de Donald Trump. La première met l’accent sur le sentiment d’insécurité économique de la ‘working class’, tandis que la seconde, elle, insiste sur son sentiment d’insécurité culturelle. Dans la réalité, les deux formes d’insécurité sont liées l’une à l’autre.
La relation sino-américaine d’Obama à Trump
Authors: Courmont Barthélemy 
Published: February 2018

La stratégie du pivot vers l’Asie mise en place sous l’administration Barack Obama et la politique chinoise (plus qu’asiatique) de Washington qui en découle s’est articulée autour d’un compromis entre des éléments de hard power (militaire, économie) et de soft power (influence, dialogue, persuasion). Elle a ainsi été définie comme une « diplomatie intelligente » (smart policy). En parallèle, les méfiances manifestées à l’égard de la Chine n’ont fait que croître au cours des dernières années. La Chine est devenue un élément structurant de la politique étrangère américaine, que ce soit dans son volet coopératif ou plus stratégique, comme l’illustrent les initiatives de Washington en direction de pays de la région inquiets de la puissance chinoise, ou même ouvertement hostiles à son expansion. Cette tendance se retrouve depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Donald Trump, qui s’est évertué à enterrer le pivot de son prédécesseur, et fait face dans le même temps à un rapport de force changeant, et au désavantage des États-Unis. Désireux de repenser la politique chinoise de Washington, le président américain est ainsi confronté à un contexte difficile et qui n’est pas à son avantage.
The Evolution of Sino-American Relations under Trump
Authors: Tzogopoulos George N. 
Published: February 2018

La Chine et les États-Unis sont en train de trouver un modus vivendi dans la conduite de leurs relations bilatérales. L’élection de Donald Trump en novembre 2016 est néanmoins susceptible d’introduire des éléments nouveaux dans ces relations. Cet article vise à proposer une première analyse sur les stratégies de rapprochement opérées entre Pékin et Washington durant l’Administration de Barack Obama. Il met l’accent sur l’imbroglio nord-coréen, le risque de guerre commerciale et le retrait des États-Unis du Partenariat Trans-Pacifique. L’article aborde également le débat sur la question de savoir si la Chine est susceptible de prendre une position de leader dans le processus de globalisation à partir du moment où Donald Trump continue de prôner une approche protectionniste en mettant en place son programme s’appuyant sur le slogan « L’Amérique d’abord ».
De la thérapie contextuelle au paradigme du don, et retour
Authors: Chanial Philippe 
Published: February 2018

Cet article se propose de discuter l’ouvrage de Pierre Michard, La Thérapie contextuelle de Böszörményi-Nagy. Il montre combien le thérapeute hongrois, à l’instar de Marcel Mauss, a fait une découverte fondamentale selon laquelle les « symptômes » psychiques ne sont autres que des « pathologies » du don. Cette invitation inédite à étudier tout autrement ce que Lévi-Strauss nommait les « structures élémentaires de la parenté » ouvre ainsi à une clinique originale. Celle-ci vise à interroger, dans un dialogue au sein de la famille sur les liens qui s’y nouent, le surgissement des paradoxes du don et de la dette afin de rendre possible la pérennité du lien et de sa force subjectivante.