bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I Trial of Dabrafenib and Pazopanib in BRAF Mutated Advanced Malignancies
Authors: Haraldsdottir Sigurdis , Janku Filip , Poi Ming , Timmers Cynthia , Geyer Susan , Schaaf Larry J. , Sexton Jennifer , Wei Lai , Thurmond Jennifer , Velez-Bravo Vivianne , Stepanek Vanda M. , Bertino Erin M. , Kendra Kari , Mortazavi Amir , Subbiah Vivek , Phelps Mitch , Shah Manisha H. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose Several tumor types carry BRAF mutations and vascular endothelial growth factor pathway upregulation. Resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibitors can include platelet-derived growth factor-β upregulation. Dabrafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, and pazopanib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, have not been combined previously. This phase I study was designed to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the combination. Patients and Methods Patients with any advanced BRAF mutated malignancy with adequate organ function were eligible. Prior use of dabrafenib or pazopanib was not allowed. Dosages started at dabrafenib 50 mg twice a day and pazopanib 400 mg daily on dose level (DL) 1, with maximum dosages of 150 mg twice a day and 800 mg daily on DL5. Pharmacokinetics and BRAF V600E plasma clone were measured, and efficacy was evaluated by imaging and tumor markers every 8 weeks. Results Twenty-three patients with 11 different tumor histologies were enrolled in five DLs. Two dose-limiting toxicities were observed—a grade 3 bowel perforation on DL3 and grade 3 arthralgia on DL5. Common drug-related adverse events included nausea (52%), skin papules (43%), diarrhea (39%), hand-foot syndrome (30%), anemia (26%), rash (22%), vomiting (22%), hypophosphatemia (22%), and transaminitis (22%). Five patients (22%) experienced a partial response, including low-grade ovarian serous carcinoma, thyroid cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme, and two patients (appendiceal and thyroid cancer) had stable disease > 6 months. Pharmacokinetic measurements revealed pazopanib levels < 17.5 μg/mL in 80% of treated patients at steady state, particularly at DL5. BRAF V600E plasma copies correlated with response and progression. Conclusion Combination dabrafenib and pazopanib had no unexpected toxicities, and durable partial responses were observed at DL3 or greater. Dose escalation beyond DL5 may be considered as pazopanib levels were suboptimal as a result of drug interaction with dabrafenib.
A systematic review of surgical methods to restore articular cartilage in the hip
Authors: Hotham W. E. , Malviya A. 
Published: May 2018

This systematic review examines the current literature regarding surgical techniques for restoring articular cartilage in the hip, from the older microfracture techniques involving perforation to the subchondral bone, to adaptations of this technique using nanofractures and scaffolds. This review discusses the autologous and allograft transfer systems and the autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) technique, as well as a summary of the previously discussed techniques, which could become common practice for restoring articular cartilage, thus reducing the need for total hip arthroplasty. Using the British Medical Journal Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (BMJ GRADE) system and Grade system. Comparison of the studies discussed shows that microfracture has the greatest quantity and quality of research, whereas the newer AMIC technique requires more research, but shows promise.Cite this article: W. E. Hotham, A. Malviya. A systematic review of surgical methods to restore articular cartilage in the hip. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:336–342. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0331.
Why are non-player characters not creepy anymore? The effect of schema creation on the perception of uncanniness in Oblivion
Authors: Lee Michael Sangyeob 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Non-player characters (NPCs) in most role-playing games (RPGs) are often creepy and eerie since they look like player characters but act like machines. However, the perception of uncanniness is often used deliberately in video game genres to create fantasy depictions. Despite providing empirical data to better understand human reactions, studies or actual measurements regarding what makes NPCs uncanny have been rare. In this article, the concept of NPC uncanniness was first reviewed using several theoretical frameworks. Then levels of uncanny perception were measured through human subject interactions. For measurement purposes, four NPCs were selected randomly from a commercial RPG focusing on two categories: character gender and hostility. Participants reported the sensation of uncanniness was evoked quickly and strongly at the beginning but significantly decreased over time and that female NPCs were creepier than male NPCs.
Study of Pyrolysis Behavior of Shenhua Coal Pretreated by Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate
Authors: Yu Wenhao , Zhu Ping , Lei Zhiping , Shui Hengfu , Kang Shigang , Wang Zhicai , Ren Shibiao , Pan Chunxiu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The pyrolysis behaviors of Shenhu subbituminous coal (SSBC) after pretreated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIA) were studied in this paper. It is found that the pretreatment of SSBC with ionic liquid EMIA has a significant effect on the pyrolysis behavior of SSBC. The pretreatment temperature significantly affects tar yield of SSBC pyrolysis. The pretreatment SSBC with EMIA at 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C results in the increase of pyrolysis tar yield by 26.8 %, 32.8 %, and 35.7 %, respectively, compared to that of SSBC coal pyrolysis. FTIR and TG analysis show that EMIA pretreatment changed oxygen-containing functional groups in SSBC, in particular, increased the content of a carboxyl group and ether bond in SSBC. Also, it is found that pretreatment of coal with ionic liquid EMIA has a significant desulfurization effect.
The Use of Ochre and Painting During the Upper Paleolithic of the Swabian Jura in the Context of the Development of Ochre Use in Africa and Europe
Authors: Wolf Sibylle , Conard Nicholas J. , Floss Harald , Dapschauskas Rimtautas , Velliky Elizabeth , Kandel Andrew W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile the earliest evidence for ochre use is very sparse, the habitual use of ochre by hominins appeared about 140,000 years ago and accompanied them ever since. Here, we present an overview of archaeological sites in southwestern Germany, which yielded remains of ochre. We focus on the artifacts belonging exclusively to anatomically modern humans who were the inhabitants of the cave sites in the Swabian Jura during the Upper Paleolithic. The painted limestones from the Magdalenian layers of Hohle Fels Cave are a particular focus. We present these artifacts in detail and argue that they represent the beginning of a tradition of painting in Central Europe.
Large-Scale True Triaxial Apparatus for Geophysical Studies in Fractured Rock
Authors: Garcia A. V. , Rached R. M. , Santamarina J. C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The study of fractured rock masses in the laboratory remains challenging because of the large specimen sizes and bulky loading systems that are required. This article presents the design, structural analysis, and operation of a compact and self-reacting true triaxial device for fractured rock. The frame subjects a 50 cm by 50 cm by 50 cm fractured rock specimen to a maximum stress of 3 MPa along three independent axes. Concurrent measurements include long-wavelength P-wave propagation, passive acoustic emission monitoring, deformations, and thermal measurements. The device can accommodate diverse research, from rock mass properties and geophysical fractured rock characterizations, to coupled hydro-chemo-thermo-mechanical processes, drilling, and grouting. Preliminary wave propagation data gathered under isotropic and anisotropic stress conditions for an assembly of 4,000 rock blocks demonstrate the system’s versatility and provide unprecedented information related to long-wavelength propagation in fractured rock under various stress anisotropies.
Determining the Sensitivity of Fuel Lubricity Additive Concentration on HFRR Test Parameters
Authors: Hansen Gregory A. T. , Lee Peter M. , Westbrook Steven R. , Wilson George R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In diesel engines, fuel pumps and injectors are subjected to tremendous pressures that can reach upward of 200 MPa in modern systems. In order to generate and maintain this level of pressure, the internal pump and injector components are made to an exacting standard. The drawback is that the moving components are largely lubricated with just the diesel fuel. If the diesel fuel has insufficient lubricating quality, catastrophic wear and subsequent failures can occur.
The US Army currently utilizes aviation turbine fuel in all of its diesel-powered ground vehicles. The current specifications outlined in MIL-DTL-83133, Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, JP-8 (NATO F-34), NATO F-35, and JP-8 + 100 (NATO F-37), and ASTM D1655, Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels, allow specific synthetic fuel components that can exacerbate the lubricity issue (having both low viscosity and no aromatic content). With these synthetics, the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) can have a wear scar diameter as high as 900 μm, which, if run unadditized in an engine, will cause immediate hardware failure. The military requires the use of an approved lubricity additive in the fuel it acquires. If treated with an approved additive at a rate between 20 and 30 mg/kg, even these poor lubricity fuels will be able to operate in Army equipment for the life of the engine. Unfortunately, the HFRR wear result does not discriminate between these neat and additized fuels. This work was undertaken in an attempt to improve the correlation of HFRR-type wear scar results with pump test results for a series of fuels with varying levels of lubricity additive. The effects of varying test conditions are reported and conclusions drawn on how improvements could be made to the current lubricity testing standards.
Evaluation of women with postcoital bleeding by clinical examination, papsmear, colposcopy and histopathology of cervix
Authors: Yarlagadda Srilakshmi , Diddi Rangarao , Narra Prasuna J. L. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Postcoital bleeding refers to spotting or bleeding per vagina that occurs after intercourse and is not related to menstruation. Although there are multiple benign etiologies to this complaint, the most serious cause of postcoital bleeding is cervical cancer (3-5.5%). Cervical cancer is the most common and preventable genital cancer of women. It has a long premalignant phase and with an ideal screening test with good sensitivity and specificity, we can diagnose and treat premalignant cervical lesions, preventing cervical cancer. The present study is aimed to evaluate the women with postcoital bleeding by clinical examination, pap smear, colposcopy and guided biopsy to detect premalignant cervical lesions and carcinoma cervix.Methods: This was a prospective and retrospective study conducted from April, 2016 to March, 2018 for a period of 24 months in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology on 100 women with postcoital bleeding at Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation (Dr. PSIMS&RF). After clinical examination, these women were subjected to pap smear, colposcopy and guided biopsy. The findings were correlated with histopathology of cervix. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of both papsmear and colposcopy were calculated.Results: Sensitivity of papsmear was 71.42%, specificity-86.20%, PPV-78.95%, NPV-80.64% and accuracy-80%. Sensitivity of colposcopy was 90.47%, specificity-89.65%, PPV-86.36%, NPV-92.85% and accuracy-90%. Conclusions: These results establish colposcopy as an effective screening test for carcinoma cervix. Histopathology of suspected cervical lesion in colposcopy remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.
Assessment of otological and audiological status in patients of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Hitendra Prakash , Kumar Sunil , Verma Veerendra , Mishra Anupam 
Published: May 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type-I hypersensitivity reaction of the nasal mucosa to the airborne allergens, primarily mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) characterized by nasal obstruction, watery rhinorrhea, sneezing and itching at the nose, palate and nasopharyngeal region. Various studies have been done to study the relationship between middle ear afflictions and allergic rhinitis and majority of them incriminate nasal allergies as a probable factor to the development of otitis media.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 70 patients, affected by allergic rhinitis, were recruited for the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Complete audiological work up including tympanometry studies was performed. Patients’ data was then compiled and analyzed using statistical analyses. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> It was observed that disease is more common in age group of 21 to 30 years. 63% patient had perennial allergic rhinitis and rest 37% had seasonal allergic rhinitis. Otoscopic examination of the participants revealed that abnormal tympanic membrane findings such as retracted, congested, bulged and dull TM is more common in PAR than SAR. Hearing impairment is more common in PAR than SAR. Tympanometry study showed that in PAR ‘B’ type of tympanogram was found in 20% cases and ‘C’ type curve was found in 19% cases while in SAR these value were 4% and 8% respectively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Allergic rhinitis whether seasonal or perennial adversely affect the eustachian tube functions which in turn may lead to increased incidence of middle ear effusion and otitis media. Diagnosis and proper management of allergic rhinitis is the key to avoid these middle ear diseases.</p>
The influence of Green Marketing on Decision Purchasing Organic Products with Interests of Buying as an Intervening Variable at Manado City, Indonesia
Authors: Manongko Allen Ch , Kambey Joseph 
Published: May 2018

This research attempts to test and analyze the influence of green marketing on the customers’ decision to buy organic product with the interest to buy as an intervening variable. This is an explanatory research with quantitative method and survey method. The modelling refer to the theories of marketing mix and planned behaviour. The research population are customers who buy organic products at the supermarket or modern market in Manado city, Indonesia. The samples are 120 respondents. The sampling was conducted by purposive sampling technique and data analysis techinique. It also involves confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis, with SPSS 18 application. The result shows following facts: green marketing does not have direct and significant influence on customers’ buying attitude; green marketing does not have direct and significant influence on customers’ purchase decision; buying interest has direct and significant influence on the customers’ decision; green marketing does not have direct and significant influence on customers’ decision with buying interest as the intervening variable.
The Evaluation of production, consumption and nutritive value of gurasa, an Indigenious Flat Bread of North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Agbara Gervase Ikechukwu , Barde Aminu , Ali Halima Sadiya , Adams Fannah Mustapha 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A survey was conducted using structured questionnaire to evaluate the production and consumption pattern of gurasa,an indigenious flat bread consumed in northwestern Nigerian comprising of seven States. Also nutritive value of randomly selected gurasa samples were analyzed. Ninety eight percentage (98%) sampled consume this productany time of the day (52%) and few others for breakfast(27%), usually accompanied with yaji(spiced defatted peanut powder)(54%). More producers were males (25.7%), more consumers (32%) females mainly in the age group of 21-31. Kano, Katsina, Kaduna, Jigawa harbour 74.3% of producers and 79% of consumers. Keep quality was less than five days (60%), less three days (40%), therefore improvement in keeping quality (41%), (37%) solicited. Yong adults were the producers who obtained the skill from parents/relatives (91%), those with less than five years were 40.5% and 6-11 years of experience, 43.3%. Local oven fueled by corn stalk were involved in baking 81% and 75.7% respectively. Need for expansion called for assistance in the area of working capital (56.75) and provision of storage facility (36.72%) to further improve profitability through greater turnover. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, dietary fiber and carbohydrate of sampled gurasa varied significantly from 28.09-30.11%, 8.96-11.68%, 4.03-5.00, 1.79-3.11%, 0.92-1, 12% and 50.00-55.04%. Weight, volume and specific loaf volume varied significantly from 108.34-119.27g, 211.96-260.17ml and 1.93-2.22ml/g respectively. It is suggested that government intervention is necessary to modernize, harmonize and regulate this subsector that help to eliminate food insecurity. Nutritional quality could be improved by partial substitution of the refined wheat flour with pulse flour since majority could not afford animal protein.
Key words: Flat bread, Gurasa, Nutritive value, Production survey, Consumption survey.
CRITICAL THEORY IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: A SITUATED REVIEW OF EMERGING CRITICAL PROCESSES FOR MEDIATING LEARNING-LED CHANGE
Authors: O'Donoghue Rob 
Published: May 2018

Critical theory is explored from origins in a process theory of social development after Marx, and into a diversity of discourses that have shaped critical work in education today. Within this broader picture, the emergence of critical theory in a South African context of environmental education is examined as developing narratives informing learning-led change. The study reviews how critical pedagogy proliferated in education imperatives with little evidence of the desired transformation. Immanent critique is used to track two intermeshed streams of critical theory namely, imperatives to facilitate emancipatory change and a democratizing shift to participatory inclusion (empowerment). Here the study notes how contextual reflexivity receded and an early emphasis on critical literacy was muted as critical pedagogy emerged as democratic processes of self-empowerment and transformative learning through participatory action research.The review concludes with a brief examination of some process theories of learning in an attempt to reconcile narrowing disjunctures and to better situate environmental education as more open-ended critical processes of co-engaged learning.
Calcium hydroxide induces mineralized tissue neoformation: a case report
Authors: Nunes Luanna , Coelho Beatriz Serrato , De Almeida Josiane , Pereira Keila Cristina Rausch , Costa Simone Xavier Silva , Schuldt Daniela Peressoni Vieira 
Published: May 2018

Trauma in the anterior teeth is a relatively common occurrence during childhood, having as main consequence teeth with incomplete root development and open apices. Patient, male, leucoderma, 10 years old, attended the Dental Clinic of the Southern University of the State of Santa Catarina, reporting as main complaint fracture in the crown of element 11. After clinical and radiographic examination, it was possible to identify the incomplete apexogenesis of this tooth and the presence of necrotic pulp. Aiming to stimulate neoformation of mineralized tissue at the dental apex, the calcium hydroxide based dressing was used. He remained for eight months, always with radiographic control. Apexification was observed radiographically and proved through the use of an instrument introduced inside the canal. The use of calcium hydroxide as intracanal medication for eight months stimulated mineralized tissue neoformation in the apical region of element 11 and allowed endodontic treatment.
Avaliando o processo de trabalho das equipes NASF microrregião de Aquidauana, MS: Projeto Terapêutico Singular
Authors: Jesus Bruna Alves de , Muller Karla De Toledo Candido , Machado Alexandre Alves , Carvalho Cristiano Marcelo Espinola 
Published: May 2018

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização da ferramenta tecnológica de apoio Projeto Terapêutico Singular (PTS) pelas equipes Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) da microrregião de Aquidauana, localizado no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter quantitativo-descritivo, no qual foram entrevistados 15 profissionais de diferentes cidades da microrregião de saúde de Aquidauana, em Mato Grosso do Sul, e extraídas as ideias centrais com foco no conhecimento sobre a ferramenta PTS. Oito entrevistados demonstraram entendimento sobre como utilizar a ferramenta PTS e aplicabilidade a respeito do recurso terapêutico, e sete não tinham contato e não sabiam a finalidade do recurso. Portanto o PTS deve ser valorizado no que se trata promoção a saúde, já que produz saúde através dos impactos gerados de suas ações que atuam diretamente sobre os condicionantes e determinantes sociais da saúde da população; nesse contexto a gestão dos serviços é indubitavelmente necessária para o funcionamento do NASF.
Condições de saúde bucal de usuários de crack:um problema de saúde pública
Authors: Barbosa Danilo Vieira , Souto-Nóbrega Winícius , Souto-Nóbrega Waleska Fernanda 
Published: May 2018

Introdução: O efeito imediato do crack é uma euforia intensa, entretanto, quando usado frequentemente, pode ocasionar paradas cardíacas, hemorragia pulmonar, pneumonia, infarto de músculos e da pele, úlceras no trato gastrointestinal, não obstante lesões bucais e de orofaringe. Logo, o cirurgião-dentista deve estar alerta para alguns achados orais que possam estar relacionados ao consumo de drogas ilícitas, pois, geralmente, são estes profissionais os primeiros a terem a oportunidade de diagnosticar alterações bucais devido ao uso de álcool, cigarro e drogas ilícitas. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura a respeito das condições de saúde bucal dos usuários de crack. Metodologia: Foram utilizados 15 artigos científicos de pesquisa original, os quais foram pesquisados nas bases de dado Scielo, Medline, Scopus e Pubmed através dos descritores "usuário de crack", "saúde bucal" e "drogas ilícitas" nos idiomas português e inglês. Conclusões: Ainda são poucos os estudos que tratam desta temática, sendo necessário um maior número de pesquisas que possam contribuir para a definição de estratégias de atenção à saúde do dependente de crack.Descritores: Cocaína Crack; Odontólogo; Drogas Ilícitas; Saúde Bucal.