bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Genesis of Postmidnight Equatorial Spread F: Results for the American/Peruvian Sector
Authors: Zhan Weijia , Rodrigues Fabiano S. , Milla Marco A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrevious studies of the Earth's low‐latitude ionosphere using in situ measurements made by sensors on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite showed an unexpected predominance of equatorial spread F (ESF) events in the postmidnight sector during June and December solstice months of the 2008–2009 deep solar minimum. It has been suggested that these events might have been driven by the unusual behavior of the equatorial plasma drifts, which showed an abnormal upward peak around midnight during the same period. We use coherent backscatter radar (Jicamarca Unattended Long‐term Investigations of the Ionosphere and Atmosphere ‐ JULIA) measurements made at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (11.95°S, 76.87°W, ∼1∘ dip lat) in Peru to better understand the origin of the ESF irregularities observed by C/NOFS. The radar observations show that ESF events during December solstice start in the postsunset sector. These ESF events and the conditions for their development are shown to continue through midnight hours. The predominance of postmidnight irregularities on C/NOFS observations during December solstice is caused by the slow vertical development of the ESF structures, which only reach the topside near midnight in most cases. On June solstice, however, JULIA observations show that ESF started predominately in the midnight to postmidnight sector. Collocated digisonde observations provide additional insight on F‐region conditions leading to these ESF events.
The Signature of Oceanic Processes in Decadal Extratropical SST Anomalies
Authors: O'Reilly Christopher H. , Zanna Laure 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe relationship between decadal sea surface temperature (SST) and turbulent heat fluxes is assessed and used to identify where oceanic processes play an important role in extratropical decadal SST variability. In observational data sets and coupled climate model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archive, positive correlations between upward turbulent heat flux and SSTs indicate an active role of oceanic processes over regions in the North Atlantic, Northwest Pacific, Southern Pacific, and Southern Atlantic. The contrasting nature of oceanic influence on decadal SST anomalies in the Northwest Pacific and North Atlantic is identified. Over the Northwest Pacific, SST anomalies are consistent with changes in the horizontal wind‐driven gyre circulation on timescales of between 3 and 7 years, in both the observations and models. Over the North Atlantic, SST anomalies are also preceded by atmospheric circulation anomalies, though the response is stronger at longer timescales—peaking at around 20 years in the observations and at around 10 years in the models.
EMIC Wave Events During the Four GEM QARBM Challenge Intervals
Authors: Engebretson M. J. , Posch J. L. , Braun D. J. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Kellerman A. C. , Huang C.‐L. , Kanekal S. G. , Kletzing C. A. , Wygant J. R. , Spence H. E. , Baker D. N. , Fennell J. F. , Angelopoulos V. , Singer H. J. , Lessard M. R. , Horne R. B. , Raita T. , Shiokawa K. , Rakhmatulin R. , Dmitriev E. , Ermakova E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper presents observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves from multiple data sources during the four Geospace Environment Modeling challenge events in 2013 selected by the Geospace Environment Modeling Quantitative Assessment of Radiation Belt Modeling focus group: 17 and 18 March (stormtime enhancement), 31 May to 2 June (stormtime dropout), 19 and 20 September (nonstorm enhancement), and 23–25 September (nonstorm dropout). Observations include EMIC wave data from the Van Allen Probes, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft in the near‐equatorial magnetosphere and from several arrays of ground‐based search coil magnetometers worldwide, as well as localized ring current proton precipitation data from low‐altitude Polar Operational Environmental Satellite spacecraft. Each of these data sets provides only limited spatial coverage, but their combination shows consistent occurrence patterns and reveals some events that would not be identified as significant using near‐equatorial spacecraft alone. Relativistic and ultrarelativistic electron flux observations, phase space density data, and pitch angle distributions based on data from the Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope and Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer instruments on the Van Allen Probes during these events show two cases during which EMIC waves are likely to have played an important role in causing major flux dropouts of ultrarelativistic electrons, particularly near L* ~4.0. In three other cases, identifiable smaller and more short‐lived dropouts appeared, and in five other cases, these waves evidently had little or no effect.
Three‐Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Distribution Beneath the Beppu–Shimabara Graben With a Focus on Aso Caldera, Southwest Japan Subduction Zone
Authors: Hata M. , Uyeshima M. , Tanaka Y. , Hashimoto T. , Oshiman N. , Yoshimura R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Beppu–Shimabara graben, a tectonically active region comprising a N–S extensional stress field, is characterized by volcanically and seismically active regions in the Southwest Japan subduction zone. We determine the three‐dimensional electrical resistivity structure of the graben by inverting network‐magnetotelluric data. Our resistivity structure model indicates that the crust beneath the graben is a discontinuous electrically conductive belt that contains four significant conductive anomalies. The four anomalies in the graben are located from the east to west as the following arrangement: in the Hohi volcanic zone centered on Kuju volcano at depths of 0–39 km, at around the northwestern rim of Aso caldera at depths shallower than 7 km, at around the active Naka‐dake cone in Aso caldera at depths of 0–17 km, and in the northwestern part of the graben at depths shallower than 7 km. These conductive anomalies in the four locations mainly reflect the effects of various fluids: slab‐derived hydrothermal fluid, volcanic thermal fluid, aqueous fluid, and melt. The locations of the anomalies correspond with low seismicity areas in the graben, whereas resistive blocks of the model correspond with high seismicity areas, especially at the southwestern graben, the northeastern graben, and a border between Aso caldera and the Hohi volcanic zone. Our model suggests that the electrical resistivity distribution can contribute to evaluating whether each part of the graben in the regional extensional stress field has a high potential for the earthquake occurrence.
Equation of State of Polycrystalline Stishovite Across the Tetragonal‐Orthorhombic Phase Transition
Authors: Buchen Johannes , Marquardt Hauke , Schulze Kirsten , Speziale Sergio , Boffa Ballaran Tiziana , Nishiyama Norimasa , Hanfland Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHigh‐pressure silica polymorphs may contribute to lithologies in Earth's lower mantle. Stishovite, the tetragonal rutile‐type polymorph of SiO2, distorts to an orthorhombic CaCl2‐type structure at pressures and temperatures of the lower mantle. We compressed sintered polycrystalline stishovite and determined the unit cell parameters as a function of pressure using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The compression behavior of sintered polycrystalline stishovite deviates systematically from previous results on stishovite powder and single crystals. Following an initial stiffening, the bulk modulus of sintered polycrystalline stishovite drops at the ferroelastic phase transition. We analyzed the observed spontaneous strains using Landau theory to predict the complete elastic behavior of sintered polycrystalline silica across the phase transition. The reduction in bulk modulus at the phase transition as derived here from the compression curve of sintered polycrystalline silica may have implications for the seismic detection of silica‐rich materials in Earth's lower mantle.
Latitudinal variation in soil biota: testing the biotic interaction hypothesis with an invasive plant and a native congener
Authors: Lu Xinmin , He Minyan , Ding Jianqing , Siemann Evan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Soil biota community structure can change with latitude, but the effects of changes on native plants, invasive plants, and their herbivores remain unclear. Here, we examined latitudinal variation in the soil biota community associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis, and the effects of soil biota community variation on these plants and the beetle Agasicles hygrophila. We characterized the soil bacterial and fungal communities and root-knot nematodes of plant rhizospheres collected from 22 °N to 36.6 °N in China. Soil biota community structure changed with latitude as a function of climate and soil properties. Root-knot nematode abundance and potential soil fungal pathogen diversity (classified with FUNGuild) decreased with latitude, apparently due to higher soil pH and lower temperatures. A greenhouse experiment and lab bioassay showed native plant mass, seed production, and mass of beetles fed native foliage increased with soil collection latitude. However, there were no latitudinal patterns for the invasive plant. These results suggest that invasive and native plants and, consequently, their herbivores have different responses to latitudinal changes in soil-borne enemies, potentially creating spatial variation in enemy release or biotic resistance. This highlights the importance of linking above- and below-ground multitrophic interactions to explore the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions with a biogeographic approach.
Ciliary parathyroid hormone signaling activates transforming growth factor-β to maintain intervertebral disc homeostasis during aging
Authors: Zheng Liwei , Cao Yong , Ni Shuangfei , Qi Huabin , Ling Zemin , Xu Xin , Zou Xuenong , Wu Tianding , Deng Ruoxian , Hu Bo , Gao Bo , Chen Hao , Li Yusheng , Zhu Jianxi , Tintani Francis , Demehri Shadpour , Jain Amit , Kebaish Khaled M. , Liao Shenghui , Séguin Cheryle A. , Crane Janet L. , Wan Mei , Lu Hongbin , Sponseller Paul D. , Riley Lee H. , Zhou Xuedong , Hu Jianzhong , Cao Xu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDegenerative disc disease (DDD) is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration of spinal instability. Here, we report that the cilia of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells mediate mechanotransduction to maintain anabolic activity in the discs. We found that mechanical stress promotes transport of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) to the cilia and enhances parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling in NP cells. PTH induces transcription of integrin αvβ6to activate the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-connective tissue growth factor (CCN2)-matrix proteins signaling cascade. Intermittent injection of PTH (iPTH) effectively attenuates disc degeneration of aged mice by direct signaling through NP cells, specifically improving intervertebral disc height and volume by increasing levels of TGF-β activity, CCN2, and aggrecan. PTH1R is expressed in both mouse and human NP cells. Importantly, knockout PTH1R or cilia in the NP cells results in significant disc degeneration and blunts the effect of PTH on attenuation of aged discs. Thus, mechanical stress-induced transport of PTH1R to the cilia enhances PTH signaling, which helps maintain intervertebral disc homeostasis, particularly during aging, indicating therapeutic potential of iPTH for DDD.
TIGIT+ iTregs elicited by human regulatory macrophages control T cell immunity
Authors: Riquelme Paloma , Haarer Jan , Kammler Anja , Walter Lisa , Tomiuk Stefan , Ahrens Norbert , Wege Anja K. , Goecze Ivan , Zecher Daniel , Banas Bernhard , Spang Rainer , Fändrich Fred , Lutz Manfred B. , Sawitzki Birgit , Schlitt Hans J. , Ochando Jordi , Geissler Edward K. , Hutchinson James A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman regulatory macrophages (Mreg) have shown early clinical promise as a cell-based adjunct immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplantation. It is hypothesised that recipient CD4+ T cell responses are actively regulated through direct allorecognition of donor-derived Mregs. Here we show that human Mregs convert allogeneic CD4+ T cells to IL-10-producing, TIGIT+ FoxP3+-induced regulatory T cells that non-specifically suppress bystander T cells and inhibit dendritic cell maturation. Differentiation of Mreg-induced Tregs relies on multiple non-redundant mechanisms that are not exclusive to interaction of Mregs and T cells, including signals mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, TGF-β, retinoic acid, Notch and progestagen-associated endometrial protein. Preoperative administration of donor-derived Mregs to living-donor kidney transplant recipients results in an acute increase in circulating TIGIT+ Tregs. These results suggest a feed-forward mechanism by which Mreg treatment promotes allograft acceptance through rapid induction of direct-pathway Tregs.
An autophagy assay reveals the ESCRT-III component CHMP2A as a regulator of phagophore closure
Authors: Takahashi Yoshinori , He Haiyan , Tang Zhenyuan , Hattori Tatsuya , Liu Ying , Young Megan M. , Serfass Jacob M. , Chen Longgui , Gebru Melat , Chen Chong , Wills Carson A. , Atkinson Jennifer M. , Chen Han , Abraham Thomas , Wang Hong-Gang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe mechanism of phagophore closure remains unclear due to technical limitations in distinguishing unclosed and closed autophagosomal membranes. Here, we report the HaloTag-LC3 autophagosome completion assay that specifically detects phagophores, nascent autophagosomes, and mature autophagic structures. Using this assay, we identify the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-III component CHMP2A as a critical regulator of phagophore closure. During autophagy, CHMP2A translocates to the phagophore and regulates the separation of the inner and outer autophagosomal membranes to form double-membrane autophagosomes. Consistently, inhibition of the AAA-ATPase VPS4 activity impairs autophagosome completion. The ESCRT-mediated membrane abscission appears to be a critical step in forming functional autolysosomes by preventing mislocalization of lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 to the inner autophagosomal membrane. Collectively, our work reveals a function for the ESCRT machinery in the final step of autophagosome formation and provides a useful tool for quantitative analysis of autophagosome biogenesis and maturation.
Arc-like magmas generated by mélange-peridotite interaction in the mantle wedge
Authors: Codillo E. A. , Le Roux V. , Marschall H. R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms of transfer of crustal material from the subducting slab to the overlying mantle wedge are still debated. Mélange rocks, formed by mixing of sediments, oceanic crust, and ultramafics along the slab-mantle interface, are predicted to ascend as diapirs from the slab-top and transfer their compositional signatures to the source region of arc magmas. However, the compositions of melts that result from the interaction of mélanges with a peridotite wedge remain unknown. Here we present experimental evidence that melting of peridotite hybridized by mélanges produces melts that carry the major and trace element abundances observed in natural arc magmas. We propose that differences in nature and relative contributions of mélanges hybridizing the mantle produce a range of primary arc magmas, from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline. Thus, assimilation of mélanges into the wedge may play a key role in transferring subduction signatures from the slab to the source of arc magmas.
Gut Sphingolipid Composition as a Prelude to Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Rusconi B. , Jiang X. , Sidhu R. , Ory D. S. , Warner B. B. , Tarr P. I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a major challenge in neonatology. Little is known about NEC pathophysiology apart from the presence of pre-event gut dysbiosis. Here, we applied broad range metabolomics to stools obtained 1–5 days before NEC developed from 9 cases (9 samples) and 19 (32 samples) controls matched for gestational age at birth and birth weight. The 764 identified metabolites identified six pathways that differ between cases and controls. We pursued sphingolipid metabolism because cases had decreased ceramides and increased sphingomyelins compared to controls, and because of the relevance of sphingolipids to human inflammatory disorders. Targeted analysis of samples from 23 cases and 46 controls confirmed the initial broad range observations. While metabolites provided only 73% accuracy of classification by machine learning, hierarchical clustering defined a sphingolipid associated grouping that contained 60% of the cases but only 13% of the controls, possibly identifying a pathophysiologically distinct subset of NEC. The clustering did not associate with any of the analyzed clinical and sample variables. We conclude that there are significant changes in sphingolipid metabolism components in pre-NEC stools compared to controls, but our data urge circumspection before using sphingolipids as broadly applicable predictive biomarkers.
Intestinal crypts recover rapidly from focal damage with coordinated motion of stem cells that is impaired by aging
Authors: Choi Jiahn , Rakhilin Nikolai , Gadamsetty Poornima , Joe Daniel J. , Tabrizian Tahmineh , Lipkin Steven M. , Huffman Derek M. , Shen Xiling , Nishimura Nozomi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite the continuous renewal and turnover of the small intestinal epithelium, the intestinal crypt maintains a ‘soccer ball-like’, alternating pattern of stem and Paneth cells at the base of the crypt. To study the robustness of the alternating pattern, we used intravital two-photon microscopy in mice with fluorescently-labeled Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and precisely perturbed the mosaic pattern with femtosecond laser ablation. Ablation of one to three cells initiated rapid motion of crypt cells that restored the alternation in the pattern within about two hours with only the rearrangement of pre-existing cells, without any cell division. Crypt cells then performed a coordinated dilation of the crypt lumen, which resulted in peristalsis-like motion that forced damaged cells out of the crypt. Crypt cell motion was reduced with inhibition of the ROCK pathway and attenuated with old age, and both resulted in incomplete pattern recovery. This suggests that in addition to proliferation and self-renewal, motility of stem cells is critical for maintaining homeostasis. Reduction of this newly-identified behavior of stem cells could contribute to disease and age-related changes.
Assessment of DNA-PKcs kinase activity by quantum dot–based microarray
Authors: Lafont Florian , Ayadi Nizar , Charlier Cathy , Weigel Pierre , Nabiev Igor , Benhelli-Mokrani Houda , Fleury Fabrice 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTherapeutic efficacy against cancer is often based on a variety of DNA lesions, including DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) which are repaired by homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. In the past decade, the functions of the DNA repair proteins have been described as a potential mechanism of resistance in tumor cells. Therefore, the DNA repair proteins have become targets to improve the efficacy of anticancer therapy. Given the central role of DNA-PKcs in NHEJ, the therapeutic efficacy of targeting DNA-PKcs is frequently described as a strategy to prevent repair of treatment-induced DNA damage in cancer cells. The screening of a new inhibitor acting as a sensitizer requires the development of a high-throughput tool in order to identify and assess the most effective molecule. Here, we describe the elaboration of an antibody microarray dedicated to the NHEJ pathway that we used to evaluate the DNA-PKcs kinase activity in response to DNA damage. By combining a protein microarray with Quantum-Dot detection, we show that it is possible to follow the modification of phosphoproteomic cellular profiles induced by inhibitors during the response to DNA damage. Finally, we discuss the promising tool for screening kinase inhibitors and targeting DSB repair to improve cancer treatment.
Narrative and active video game in separate and additive effects of physical activity and cognitive function among young adults
Authors: Hwang Jungyun , Lu Amy Shirong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhysically active video games (AVGs) have been found to positively impact physical activity behaviors, especially when a narrative is added. However, the motivational and cognitive benefits of adding narrative to AVG are unclear. We examined the separate and additive effects of narrative and AVG on physical activity and cognitive function versus an active comparator, such as a sedentary video game (SVG). We randomly assigned young adults to one of four groups (narrative-AVG, AVG, narrative-SVG, or SVG) and had them complete sustained attention and working memory tasks before and after a 30-min experimental condition. Participants in both narrative-AVG and AVG groups achieved a moderate-intensity physical activity, while adding narrative to AVG resulted in higher step counts and more time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than AVG without narrative. Regardless of the narrative effect, participants in both AVG groups performed better on overall working memory than both SVG groups, while both AVG and SVG groups similarly achieved maximal performance in sustained attention. Working memory enhancement was positively correlated with increased heart rate. Participants in narrative-SVG group had a better response accuracy in working memory than those who played SVG without narrative. Taken together, adding narrative to AVG as a motivational component increased physical activity, which was the primary factor in the improvement of overall working memory.
3D Printed Microfluidic Probes
Authors: Brimmo Ayoola , Goyette Pierre-Alexandre , Alnemari Roaa , Gervais Thomas , Qasaimeh Mohammad A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work, we fabricate microfluidic probes (MFPs) in a single step by stereolithographic 3D printing and benchmark their performance with standard MFPs fabricated via glass or silicon micromachining. Two research teams join forces to introduce two independent designs and fabrication protocols, using different equipment. Both strategies adopted are inexpensive and simple (they only require a stereolithography printer) and are highly customizable. Flow characterization is performed by reproducing previously published microfluidic dipolar and microfluidic quadrupolar reagent delivery profiles which are compared to the expected results from numerical simulations and scaling laws. Results show that, for most MFP applications, printer resolution artifacts have negligible impact on probe operation, reagent pattern formation, and cell staining results. Thus, any research group with a moderate resolution (≤100 µm) stereolithography printer will be able to fabricate the MFPs and use them for processing cells, or generating microfluidic concentration gradients. MFP fabrication involved glass and/or silicon micromachining, or polymer micromolding, in every previously published article on the topic. We therefore believe that 3D printed MFPs is poised to democratize this technology. We contribute to initiate this trend by making our CAD files available for the readers to test our “print & probe” approach using their own stereolithographic 3D printers.