bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite image encryption using amalgamation of randomized three chaotic maps and DNA encoding
Authors: Dua Mohit , Bhogal Rahul , Dua Shelza , Chakravarty Nidhi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In today’s world of critical global connectivity, satellite communication plays a vital role for businesses, governments, and individuals. Key applications, including climate change monitoring, military surveillance, and real-time event broadcasting, heavily rely on transmitting image data rather than text. As a result, ensuring the secure transmission of images through efficient and robust encryption techniques has become a focal point of interest for both academia and industry. Image encryption is essential for securing sensitive visual data, protecting privacy, and making certain that only authorized users are able to access the required content. It prevents unauthorized access, tampering, and misuse of images, which is crucial for confidential and secure communications. The work in this paper develops a satellite image encryption scheme that employs a novel 1D Cosine Sinusoidal Chaotic (1DCSC) map, and two earlier proposed Sine-Tangent Chaotic (STC) and Improved Cosine Fractional Chaotic (ICFCM) maps, in conjunction with Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) operations. The proposed scheme encrypts a given input image in four steps. In the initial step, 384-bit shared key and a 128-bit initial vector are used to create three different keys. In step two, three different chaotic sequences are produced using these keys and 1DCSC, STC, and ICFCM maps. These chaotic sequences chosen randomly to encrypt red, blue or green components of the given input image. In step three, these three chaotic sequences and the three components of the input image are DNA encoded. In the final step, DNA XOR based diffusion operation is applied between these DNA-encoded color image components and DNA encoded chaotic sequences to create green, red, and blue components of the cipher image. The proposed scheme obtains entropy value 7.9997, Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) value 33.32, and Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) value 99.67%.
Study on spectral characterization of non-uniform PT symmetry Bragg gratings with duty-cycle modulation
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Mengxi , Shi Moqing , Mao Changhui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is a great challenge to improve the detection efficiency of optical structures. In order to increase the reflection effect of Bragg grating, a non-uniform PT-symmetric Bragg grating structure based on duty cycle modulation is proposed. The grating exhibits PT symmetry by quantum doping technology and is optimized by analyzing the structural parameters which have great influence on the grating. Two methods of Odd-function Duty-cycle Modulation (ODC) and Even-function Duty-cycle Modulation (EDC) are proposed to obtain the non-uniform grating structure under duty cycle modulation. The results show that the reflectivity of the grating is obviously enhanced under odd-function duty cycle modulation. Our method improves the reflection characteristics of the Bragg grating to a great extent, and is conducive to designing more efficient reflectivity detection devices.
CO2 clusters: forming fragile dications in helium nanodroplets
Authors: Foitzik Florian , Ganner Lisa , Bergmeister Stefan , Zappa Fabio , Scheier Paul , Echt Olof , Gruber Elisabeth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For many atoms and molecules, small multiply charged clusters are unstable with respect to spontaneous charge separation. When bare CO2 clusters are ionized by electrons, the smallest detected dications contain 43 molecules. The same appearance size has been obtained when neutral CO2 clusters embedded in helium nanodroplets are electron ionized. Here we show that electron ionization of singly charged CO2 clusters solvated in helium nanodroplets drastically lowers the appearance size to n
a = 30. The combination of efficient cooling in superfluid helium, sequential ionization, and gentle collisions of the nanodroplets with helium gas makes it possible to form dications that are barely larger than the Rayleigh limit.
Nonlinear wave-wave interaction of quantized upper hybrid waves with low frequency modes
Authors: Nourina N , Rozina Ch , Iqbal Z , Poedts S , Abbas G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The impact of quantized magnetic energy is studied on the nonlinear scattering of quantized upper hybrid waves (QUH) from low-frequency quantized: ion-cyclotron (QIC), Alfvén (QA) and lower hybrid (QLH) waves in strongly magnetized degenerate electron-ion plasmas. The governing differential equations of pump QUH, QIC, QA and QLH wavesare derived in the presence of Landau quantization, symbolized by the parameter ξ. The equations are then Fourier analyzed and the phasor matching technique is applied to study the nonlinear parametric interactions. General dispersion relations are calculated and analyzed further to obtain both three-wave decay and modulational instabilities of the QIC, QA and QLH waves. The analytical results admit that the growth rate of both three-wave decay and the modulated wave packet of QA waves increases as a function of quantized magnetic energy, while the three-wave decay rate of QIC and QLH is found to decrease with the quantized B field. The present findings confirm that the quantized magnetic energy may play a vital role in enhancing the quantized Fermi and Alfvén speeds of plasma particles, hence affecting the associated growth rates of three-wave decay and modulational instabilities are modified significantly. The present findings can be important to understand the features of a quantized magnetic field in strongly magnetized quantum systems, such as neutron stars, magnetars, pulsars, etc.
Mercury’s Meteorite Mysteries: A Directional Statistical Guide to Mercury’s North Pole, Hidden Hazards and Roadmap to Safe Landing Havens Based on Solar Elevation, Ice Stability, Temperature
Authors: Chatterjee Debashis , Ghosh Prithwish 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Studying meteoroid impact patterns on planetary surfaces is critical for understanding surface dynamics and selecting safe landing sites. Mercury, one of the least explored rocky planets, presents unique challenges due to its extreme temperatures and the angular nature of its surface data. Traditional linear statistical methods are often inadequate for analyzing such directional data. This study introduces a novel approach using directional data analysis techniques to interpret the cyclical nature of meteoroid impact locations on Mercury. We employed Watson’s test, Bayesian Information Criterion scores, and a mixture of von Mises–Fisher distributions to model the distribution of impact craters and solar elevations on Mercury’s surface. Our findings indicate that while location parameters adhere to the von Mises distribution, solar elevations do not exhibit directional distribution characteristics. Additionally, by filtering datasets based on temperature thresholds and crater diameters, we pinpointed areas with a high probability of providing suitable landing surfaces. These insights enhance our understanding of the surface conditions on Mercury and provide valuable groundwork for future exploration missions.
The Impact of Different Effective Models for Star Formation on the Properties of Simulated Milky Way-sized Galaxies
Authors: Wu Yiheng , Springel Volker 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hydrodynamical cosmological simulations of galaxy formation such as IllustrisTNG or Auriga have shown considerable success in approximately matching many galaxy properties, but their treatment of the star-forming interstellar medium (ISM) has relied on heuristic sub-grid models. However, recent high-resolution simulations of the ISM that directly resolve the regulation of star formation suggest different mean relations for the dependences of pressure and star formation rate on the average gas density. In this study, we adopt such a modern, physically grounded parameterization inspired by the TIGRESS small-scale simulations. We dub this model TEQS and use it for a detailed comparative analysis of the formation and evolution of a Milky Way-sized galaxy when compared with the widely used TNG model. By employing high-resolution simulations in tall box setups, we first investigate the structural differences expected for these two models when applied to different self-gravitating gas surface densities. Our results indicate that TEQS produces considerably thinner gaseous layers and can be expected to form stellar distributions with smaller scale-height than TNG, especially at higher surface density. To test whether this induces systematic structural differences in cosmological galaxy formation simulations, we carry out zoom-in simulations of 12 galaxies taken from the set of Milky Way-sized galaxies that have been studied in the Auriga project. Comparing results for these galaxies shows that disk galaxies formed with the TEQS model have on average very similar stellar mass but are more concentrated in their central regions and exhibit smaller stellar radii compared to those formed with the TNG model. The differences in the scale-heights of the formed stellar disks are only marginal, however, suggesting that other factors for setting the thickness of the disk are more important than the applied ISM equation-of-state model. Overall, the predicted galaxy structure is quite similar for TNG and TEQS despite significant differences in the employed star formation law, demonstrating that feedback processes are more important in regulating the stellar mass than the precise star formation law itself.
Synthetic conduits efficacy in neural repair: a comparative study of dip-coated polycaprolactone and electrospun polycaprolactone/polyurethane conduits
Authors: Katana Dzana , Jayasinghe Suwan N , Trbojevic Sara , Yin Casey M , Rodgers Vanessa R , Almarza Alejandro J , Marra Kacey G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives. Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) represent the most common type of nervous system injuries, resulting in 5 million injuries per year. Current gold standard, autografts, still carry several limitations, including the inappropriate type, size, and function matches in grafted nerves, lack of autologous donor sites, neuroma formation, and secondary surgery incisions. Polymeric nerve conduits, also known as nerve guides, can help overcome the aforementioned issues that limit nerve recovery and regeneration by reducing tissue fibrosis, misdirection of regenerating axons, and the inability to maintain long- distance axonal growth. Polymer-based double-walled microspheres (DWMSs) are designed to locally and in a sustainable fashion deliver bioactive agents. Lysozyme is a natural antimicrobial protein that shares similar physical and chemical properties to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, making it an ideal surrogate molecule to evaluate the release kinetics of encapsulated bioagent from polymeric biodegradable microspheres embedded in polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/polyurethane blend nerve conduits. Approach. Lysozyme was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(L-lactide) DWMSs fabricated through a modified water-oil-water emulsion solvent evaporation method. Lysozyme-loaded DWMS were further embedded in PCL and PCL-PU based nerve guides constructed via polymer dip-coating and electrospinning method respectively. Lysozyme DWMS and nerve guides were imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Released lysozyme concentration was determined by using a colorimetric micro-BCA protein assay and spectrophotometric quantitation. Tensile and suture pull-out tests were utilized to evaluate the mechanical properties of both dip-coated and electrospun nerve guides, embedded and free of lysozyme DWMS. Main results. The study revealed significant distinctions in the lysozyme release profiles, and mechanical properties of the manufactured polymer nerve guides. Both PCL dip-coated and PCL/PU electrospun DWMS-embedded nerve guides revealed biphasic protein release profiles. PCL/PU electrospun and PCL dip-coated nerve guides released 16% and 29% of the total protein concentration within 72 h, plateauing at week 16 and week 8, respectively. SEM analysis of the nerve guides confirmed the homogeneity and integrity of the polymer nerve guides’ structures. The electrospun guides were found to be more flexible with a higher extension under stress bending, while the dip-coated PCL nerve guides displayed more rigid behavior. Significance. This study provides useful insights on how to optimize nerve guide design and fabrication to enhance recovery progress of PNI.
Global analysis of the proposed benefits from REDD+ projects: influencing factors and discrepancies
Authors: Theresia Vania , Atmadja Stibniati Soeria , Lieberherr Eva 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in developing countries was initially envisioned to incentivize forest protection through payments for ecosystem services (PES). Nevertheless, our global understanding of REDD+ project benefits proposed by proponents to local communities is limited. To address this gap, we ask: globally, how do REDD+ projects propose to provide local community benefits? We use and update the international database on REDD+ projects (ID-RECCO) to analyze the REDD+ benefits proposed by 347 REDD+ projects in 55 countries. Logistic regression and chi-square tests explore relationships between the probability of a benefit type being proposed and the influencing factors. Our global-level analysis can serve as a useful benchmark for empirical case studies. Our findings show the diversity of benefits REDD+ projects propose. Most REDD+ projects (89%) proposed a mix of monetary and non-monetary benefits; employment was proposed in >¾ of the projects, while forest restrictions were proposed in 52% of REDD+ projects. Many projects proposed infrastructure (107) or services (181). Factors that influence the probability a benefit type being proposed by a project include carbon certification standards, de facto forest user types, and country. PES-style conditional payments are no longer emblematic of benefits from REDD+ projects to local communities. Instead, REDD+ projects typically propose employment, livelihood activities, tenure clarification, and public goods and services. Further empirical research is needed to understand how meaningful these benefits are to local people, and their contribution in producing effective and equitable project outcomes. National policy and legal frameworks on benefit sharing, more explicit standards on benefit sharing among carbon standards, and better risk management related to community expectations from REDD+ projects are important avenues to ensure REDD+ benefits are aligned with the needs and realities of local communities.
Spatial heterogeneity and seasonality of phytoplankton responses to marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific
Authors: Shen Xinchen , Zhan Weikang , Zhang Ying , He Qingyou , Bo Yingjie , Liu Yunchen , Zhan Haigang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have emerged as a recurrent phenomenon in the Northeast Pacific (NEP) since 2013, with significant ecological and economic consequences. However, our understanding of the impact of these events on phytoplankton, the primary producers in the marine food web, remains incomplete. In this study, we elucidated the phytoplankton responses during MHWs in the NEP between 1998 and 2022 and revealed contrasting phytoplankton chlorophyll anomalies between the north and south of the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF). Specifically, chlorophyll shows a marked increase north of the TZCF but a decrease south of it, with the most pronounced negative anomalies centered on the TZCF. Additionally, this chlorophyll response exhibits a remarkable seasonality, consistent with the seasonal migration of the TZCF. Weakened subpolar southward Ekman transport, which may have resulted in reduced phytoplankton nutrient supply, is likely to be the major contributor to the negative chlorophyll response in this frontal region. Our results highlight the importance of previously unrecognized spatial and temporal heterogeneity of phytoplankton responses to MHWs in the NEP, which may provide insights for future ecosystem conservation and fisheries management in the NEP under MHWs.
Integrability of generalised skew-symmetric replicator equations via graph embeddings
Authors: Visomirski Matthew , Griffin Christopher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is known that there is a one-to-one mapping between oriented directed graphs and zero-sum replicator dynamics (Lotka–Volterra equations) and that furthermore these dynamics are Hamiltonian in an appropriately defined nonlinear Poisson bracket. In this paper, we investigate the problem of determining whether these dynamics are Liouville–Arnold integrable, building on prior work in graph decloning by Evripidou et al (2022 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
55 325201) and graph embedding by Paik and Griffin (2024 Phys. Rev. E 107 L052202). Using the embedding procedure from Paik and Griffin, we show (with certain caveats) that when a graph producing integrable dynamics is embedded in another graph producing integrable dynamics, the resulting graph structure also produces integrable dynamics. We also construct a new family of graph structures that produces integrable dynamics that does not arise either from embeddings or decloning. We use these results, along with numerical methods, to classify the dynamics generated by almost all oriented directed graphs on six vertices, with three hold-out graphs that generate integrable dynamics and are not part of a natural taxonomy arising from known families and graph operations. These hold-out graphs suggest more structure is available to be found. Moreover, the work suggests that oriented directed graphs leading to integrable dynamics may be classifiable in an analogous way to the classification of finite simple groups, creating the possibility that there is a deep connection between integrable dynamics and combinatorial structures in graphs.
Influence of typical technological parameters on the processing quality of laser surface texturing technology for finger sealing
Authors: Chen Lingping , Zhang Yanchao , Chen Guoqiang , Li Jiewei , Zhang Bowei , Wang Mingfeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, to achieve favorable tribological characteristics, surface texture technology for friction reduction has been extensively studied, and its effectiveness has been successfully validated. The quality of surface texture processing directly impacts the tribological performance of finger seal friction pairs. To investigate the influence of the laser process parameters on the finger seal surface texture of the GH4169 and improve its processability and process predictability, a comparative experiment and analysis involving multiple processing parameters, including the laser power (P), laser frequency (F), scanning speed (V), and scanning times (N), were conducted. To evaluate the quality of laser surface texturing processing technology, four processing morphology parameters were established. Uniform experiments and regression analysis were employed to analyze the influence and synergistic effects of laser processing parameters on processing quality. The research results indicate that laser power, scanning times, and scanning speed are the main process parameters that significantly affect laser surface deformation. The outer diameter is directly proportional to the laser power and inversely proportional to the scanning speed; the bottom diameter ratio is directly proportional to both the laser power and scanning times; and the pit depth initially increases and then decreases with increasing laser power and scanning times. The suitable range of processing parameters is as follows: laser power (10 ∼ 20%), speed range (400 ∼ 700 mm s−1), scanning times (8 ∼ 18 times), and laser frequency (20 ∼ 25 kHz). This research provides theoretical and experimental support for the precise control of surface texture prepared by laser processing of GH4169, laying the foundation for friction and wear tests of textured finger seals.
A comparative analysis of different surface tribological and electrochemical properties of TiAlN, TiAlSiN, and CrAlN thin film coatings in seawater
Authors: Liu Aihua , Wang Yanan , Tian Runzhou , Ge Dongliang , Deng Jianxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To reveal the wear mechanisms of TiAlN, TiAlSiN, and CrAlN coatings in a seawater environment, the changes in frictional surfaces and the electrochemical characteristics of these coatings were compared and analyzed in this paper. The coatings were deposited on 316L stainless steel surfaces. Tribological tests were investigated using a ball-on-disk tribometer with Si3N4 ceramic balls as the counter material. Although the friction coefficient of 316L stainless steel was the lowest at 0.34, the order of wear rates was 316L stainless steel (7.38 × 10−5) > TiAlN(5.31 × 10−6) > TiAlSiN(4.23 × 10−6) > CrAlN(1.10 × 10−6) and the electrochemical protective efficiencies of TiAlSiN and CrAlN were both greater than 97%. Seawater penetrated through the grain boundaries of the TiAlN coating, which led to corrosion and delamination failure. Conversely, the grain refinement in TiAlSiN and CrAlN coatings can significantly slow down the penetration of seawater into the coating under frictional pressure, and the oxide lubricating layer formed during the friction process can become an effective barrier to isolate seawater. Therefore, mechanical wear was the main wear form of these two coatings. Additionally, among the oxides formed in the friction, Cr2O3 showed the strongest corrosion resistance, making the CrAlN coating exhibit superior wear resistance and the lowest wear rate in seawater.
Near-infrared-light mediated ZIF-8@Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite for synergistic antibacterial properties and biofilm ablation
Authors: Xu Baoyong , Hu Zhipeng , Liu Wangzi , Li Hong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to the explosive emergence of various bacteria, antibiotics-free strategies are much needed for the elimination of bacterial-associated infections. Herein, ZIF-8@Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite was synthesized via in situ growth against bacteria under near-infrared-light (NIR) mediation. The integrated ZIF-8@Ti3C2Tx nanocrystal retained its NIR absorption, which enabled photothermal effect and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Upon NIR irradiation, a sterilization rate of nearly 100% and a biofilm reduction rate of about 82% were obtained when the nanocomposite was treated with E. coli. It is suggested that the integration of ZIF-8@Ti3C2Tx facilitated the transfer of valence electrons to generate ROS, and the localized photothermal effect increased the release of Zn2+. Combined the photothermal therapy (PTT) with its evoked photodynamic therapy (PDT) and metal ions therapy (MIT), ZIF-8@Ti3C2Tx realized superior bactericidal activity and created a novel antibiotic-independent nanoplatform for biofilm ablation.