bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metal Contamination of Milk and Milk Products Consumed in Tabriz
Authors: Beikzadeh Samira , Ebrahimi Behzad , Mohammadi Reza , Beikzadeh Mehdi , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Foroumandi Elaheh 
Published: May 2018

Background:
In this study, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and arsenic
(As) contents in milk and different dairy product samples from in Iran (Tabriz) were measured.

Methods:
Samples of 10 brands of pasteurized milk, yoghurt, traditional and industrial kashk were selected
and quantitative analysis for heavy metals were performed by a Varian AA240fs atomic absorption
spectrometer with a Graphite Furnace (GTA 120).

Results:
The obtained ranges of mean heavy metals are given in the following: in milk 6.066-10.83,
2.343-6.070, 141.73-241.23, 2764.3-3151.3, 3.246-7.536ppb, in yoghurt 5.543-19.341, 3.143-8.830,
276.17-423.53, 2412.4-4115.7, 6.650-10.84, in industrial kashk 2.163-19.621, 1.541-13.45, 115.87-
565.40, 2588.4-5014.3, 4.346-20.351ppb, and in traditional kashk 7.972-32.723, 5.233-9.966, 416.42-
923.62, 4491.4-6402.3, 7.661-28.413 ppb, respectively.

Conclusion:
All the samples were below the internationally recognized permissible limits and did not
pose any health risk to the consumption of milk and dairy products in Tabriz.
Voltammetric Detection of Tetrodotoxin Real-Time In Vivo of Mouse Organs using DNA-Immobilized Carbon Nanotube Sensors
Authors: Hong Huck Jun , Ly Suw Young 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a biosynthesized neurotoxin that exhibits powerful anticancer
and analgesic abilities by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels that are crucial for cancer
metastasis and pain delivery. However, for the toxin’s future medical applications to come true, accurate,
inexpensive, and real-time in vivo detection of TTX remains as a fundamental step.

Methods:
In this study, highly purified TTX extracted from organs of Takifugu rubripes was injected
and detected in vivo of mouse organs (liver, heart, and intestines) using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and
Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV) for the first time. In vivo detection of TTX was
performed with auxiliary, reference, and working herring sperm DNA-immobilized carbon nanotube
sensor systems.

Results:
DNA-immobilization and optimization of amplitude (V), stripping time (sec), increment (mV),
and frequency (Hz) parameters for utilized sensors amplified detected peak currents, while highly sensitive
in vivo detection limits, 3.43 µg L-1 for CV and 1.21 µg L-1 for SWASV, were attained. Developed
sensors herein were confirmed to be more sensitive and selective than conventional graphite rodelectrodes
modified likewise. A linear relationship was observed between injected TTX concentration
and anodic spike peak height. Microscopic examination displayed coagulation and abnormalities in
mouse organs, confirming the powerful neurotoxicity of extracted TTX.

Conclusion:
These results established the diagnostic measures for TTX detection regarding in vivo
application of neurotoxin-deviated anticancer agents and analgesics, as well as TTX from food poisoning
and environmental contamination.
Recent Progress in the Analysis of Captopril Using Electrochemical Methods: A Review
Authors: Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed , Lakho Saeed Ahmed , Hussain Sherazi Syed Tufail , Kazi Hamid Ali , Ahmed Abro Kamran , Soomro Razium Ali , Bunaciu Andrei A. 
Published: May 2018

Background:Captopril is the synthetic dipeptide used as an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Captopril is used to treat hypertension as well as for the treatment of moderate heart failure. Analytical instrumentation and methodology plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis.Methods:This review presents some important applications of electrochemical modes used for the analysis of captopril. So far captopril has been analyzed by using different bare and modified working electrodes with a variety of modifiers from organic and inorganic materials to various types of nano particles/materials.Results:This paper presents some of the methods which have been published in the last few years i.e. from 2003 to 2016. This review highlights the role of the analytical instrumentation, particularly electrochemical methods in assessing captopril using various working electrodes.Conclusion:A large number of studies on voltammetry noted by means of various bare and modified electrodes. Among all of the published voltammetric methods, DPV, SWV, CV and miscellaneous modes were trendy techniques used to analyze captopril in pharmaceutical formulations as well as biological samples. Electrodes modified with nanomaterials are promising sensing tools as this showed high sensitivity, good accuracy with precision as well as selectivity. In comparison to chromatographic methods, the main advantages of electrochemical methods are its cheaper instrumentation, lower detection limit and minimal or no sample preparation.
Self-medication Among Myofascial Pain Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Pastore Gabriel Pires , Goulart Douglas Rangel , Pastore Patrícia Radaic , Prati Alexandre Javaroni , de Moraes Márcio 
Published: May 2018

Background:Self-medication has been reported as an option which people choose to relieve the suffering of conditions that cause pain, however, this could delay the correct diagnosis and therapy.Objective:The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication among patients with Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), and to analyze correlations with the severity of the disease.Methods:A prospective study was conducted with patients who had been diagnosed with TMD. The patients were submitted to anamnesis and a physical examination. This research also used the Fonseca`s Anamnestic Index (FAI) and a questionnaire that was developed specifically for this study, containing questions related to the first health professional contacted and self-medication. The data were analyzed using comparative and correlative analysis (Version 18.0 of SPSS software), with the level of significance set atp<0.05.Results:Thirty-four patients were included, with a prevalence of females (91.2%) and a mean age of 39.76 years. Half of the patients claimed to have chosen their own medications at time, especially analgesics. Sodium dipyrone was used by 12 of the participants. Dentists were the most commonly contacted health professionals (55.5%). No correlation was found between self-medication and the severity of TMD according to the FAI. Furthermore, the time period between the onset of symptoms and the first consultation was not affected by self-medication.Conclusion:Self-medication seems to be highly prevalent among patients with TMD, although this practice does not seem to alter the severity of the disease.
A Perioral Soft Tissue evaluation after Orthognathic Surgery Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scan
Authors: Tiwari Rahul , Chakravarthi P. Srinivas , Kattimani Vivekanand S. , Lingamaneni Krishna Prasad 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Facial appearance is an important factor, affects social and psychological well-being. The ideal positioning of jaws and soft tissues is crucial during orthognathic surgery for a better outcome, but the response of facial soft tissues does not always reflect the exact movements of the underlying jaws in 1:1 ratio. So, soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery require utmost attention during surgical correction to make successful treatment.

Aims and Objectives:
Evaluation of perioral soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgical procedures. The objectives of the study were to assess and compare pre and post-operative perioral soft tissue changes of lip width, nasolabial and mentolabial angle using Three Dimensional Computed Tomography scan (3DCT).

Patient and Methods:
The study involved ten patients for evaluation requiring orthognathic surgical procedures (maxillary or mandibular anteroposterior excess or deficiency, transverse deformities, vertical maxillary excess and facial asymmetry) presented to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery during 2014-2016. Pre and post-operative 3DCT scan were taken after 12 months using iCT 256 slice whole body CT scanner and evaluated for changes using Dicom PMS D view.

Results:
Significant changes were observed in nasolabial angle after maxillary advancement (1.81°) and maxillary setback procedure (2.73°). The mentolabial angle was significantly increased with mandibular setback procedures (3.27°). Mandibular advancement procedures showed both increase (3.6°) and decrease (7.6°) in mentolabial angle.

Conclusion:
3DCT showed a significant difference in perioral soft tissue changes in nasolabial and mentolabial angle but no significant change was observed in lip width. 3DCT is a reliable tool for 3D assessment. The conventional thought of changes in Nasolabial angle after surgery is changing due to the underlying factors which should be considered for prediction.
Speed Limits and Pavement Friction: A Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Pratico Filippo G. 
Published: May 2018

Background:As is well known, in road construction, quality acceptance procedures and quality assurance/control procedures during operations (for maintenance and rehabilitation purposes) focus on material quality from a mechanistic and safety perspective. This latter usually entails the consideration of friction and surface texture indicators. When friction requirements (e.g., side friction coefficients measured through the SCRIM machine) are not satisfied, road agencies have two main options: closing the traffic or having lower speed limits. The first option is often unrealistic and challenging. It turns out that a new, often temporary, speed limit is required and appropriate methodologies are required to carry out this critical task.Aims and Objectives:Consequently, the objective of the study presented in this paper is to set up a methodology aiming at engineering-based assessments of speed limits based on actual friction values. Original and consistent algorithms are set up to solve theoretical and practical issues.Result and Conclusion:The main contributions of this study include: (1) setting up a methodology for friction-based assessment of speed limits through innovative speed-friction relationships and criteria; (2) utilising the methodology for a case study; (3) providing recommendations for the application.Results prove that the algorithms set up are reasonable and well-grounded in logic. They can benefit both researchers and practitioners.
Comparative Analysis of Environmental Graphic Design for Wayfinding on the Exit Patterns of Mass Transit Stations
Authors: Puttipakorn Pakachart , Upala Prapatpong 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:The quality of transit services has long been recognized as a significant factor affecting passenger behavior and station quality. The objective of this paper was to compare the environmental graphic designs for passengers’ decision to choose walking ways in subway stations of Bangkok Metropolis, Thailand.Methods:It uses the multi-stage sampling approach at various forms of station entries-exits and traffic statistics of service usage by passengers. The forms of station entries-exits can be divided into four types: 1) Silom Station (2-way exits), 2) Sukhumvit Station (3-way exits), 3) Huai Khwang Station (4-way exits), and 4) Phahon Yothin Station (5-way exits). Questionnaires were used to collect data from 445 passengers, using Likert Scale and t-test/ANOVA. The comparative analysis of directional signs was conducted with three factors as follows; 1) signs with 1-point location, 2) signs with 2-point locations, and 3) signs with 3-point locations.Results:The results found the signs with 2-point locations could provide additional information about the places and were suitable for the general environment of all stations. However, when adding further information about the places on the signs with 3-point locations, some limitations were found regarding the passengers’ need for location information with a complex physical environment of the station. Also, when considering the passengers’ attributes and behaviors, it was found that they also affected the environmental graphic design significantly.Conclusion:The research findings can be used as information for the environmental graphic designers to develop wayfinding system to improve for passengers’ travelling in mass transit stations.
Identification of Better Gene Expression Data for Mosquito Species Classification Using Radial Basis Function Network Methodology
Authors: Eswari J. Satya , Venkateswarlu Ch. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Investigation in bioinformatics has developed promptly in latest years owing to improvements in sequence excavating techniques. Gene sequences in DNA are supplemented with great extent of information, but the intricacy and complexity of this information causes difficulty in analyzing it by using standard classical methods of classification. In this work, a Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) methodology with self-network arrangement is presented for identification of mosquito species based on the genetic design content of ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequences.

Methods:
A number of data sequences in varying sizes of different vectors corresponding to Anopheline, Aedes and Culex genera are used to develop genera specific as well as comprehensive RBFN species identifiers. The recall and generalization ability of the proposed species identifiers are analyzed and further validated through bootstrap validation method. The genera specific RBFN identifiers are found to provide accurate identification of mosquito species of individual genera. However, the comprehensive RBFN model is found to exhibit better species identification ability and can be advantageously used for species identification of more mosquito genera.

Results & Conclusion:
The results demonstrate the usefulness of the RBFN methodology for accurate identification of mosquito species depending on the nucleotide data of ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequences.
Trade-offs between Manure Management with and without Biogas Production
Authors: Grösch Norbert , Delivand Mitra K. , Barz Mirko , Bittrich Petra 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
In rural developing countries with a traditional manure management, animal manure is a value-added agricultural commodity being utilized as a source of fuel and plant nutrients. The sustainable environmental management of this resource has to consider the whole upstream and downstream activities of current management systems.

Methods & Materials:
In line with this requirement, this study has integrated the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method on manure managements into the life-cycle assessment of two different manure management systems: the traditional system without biogas production and the alternative system with biogas production. Special attention is given to compare the GHG emissions as well as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), and Potassium (K) Fertilizing Nutrients (NPK) from the two systems.

Results:
The great advantage of manure conversion to biogas is mainly due to the avoided wood (18 kg/animal.yr), crop-residues (12 kg/ animal.yr) and dung (8 kg/ animal.yr) used as cooking fuels in the region. If methane leakage is over 38% then this will offset the GHG emission reduction of manure-to-biogas system.
E-Learning approach in Teacher Education
Authors: Sivalingam D. , Balachandar R. , Ajith P. 
Published: May 2018

There has been an increasing interest in e-learning in teacher training at universities during the last ten years. With the developing technology, educational methods have differed as well as many other processes. Firstly, a definition on e-learning as a new approach should be given. E-learning could shortly be defined as a web-based educational system on platform with Internet, Intranet or computer access. In this model, the lessons planned were simulations and software’s for students on polymers and metals. Nine experiments were designed on the topic. Students were interviewed and administered laboratory attitude scales at the end of the experiments. The study concluded that the experiments in the new model were appropriate to teacher training programs and could successfully be administered to large groups.
Barriers and Facilitators Affecting Patient Portal Implementation from an Organizational Perspective: Qualitative Study.
Authors: Kooij Laura , Groen Wim G , van Harten Wim H 
Published: May 2018

Background
The number of patient portals is rising, and although portals can have positive effects, their implementation has major impacts on the providing health care institutions. However, little is known about the organizational factors affecting successful implementation. Knowledge of the specific barriers to and facilitators of various stakeholders is likely to be useful for future implementations.

Objective
The objective of this study was to identify the barriers to and facilitators of patient portal implementation facing various stakeholders within hospital organizations in the Netherlands.

Methods
Purposive sampling was used to select hospitals of various types. A total of 2 university medical centers, 3 teaching hospitals, and 2 general hospitals were included. For each, 3 stakeholders were interviewed: (1) medical professionals, (2) managers, and (3) information technology employees. In total, 21 semistructured interviews were conducted using the Grol and Wensing model, which describes barriers to and facilitators of change in health care practice at 6 levels: (1) innovation; (2) individual professional; (3) patient; (4) social context; (5) organizational context; and (6) economic and political context. Two researchers independently selected and coded quotes by applying this model using a (deductive) directed content approach. Additional factors related to technical and portal characteristics were added using the model of McGinn et al, developed for implementation of electronic health records.

Results
In total, we identified 376 quotes, 26 barriers, and 28 facilitators. Thirteen barriers and 12 facilitators were common for all stakeholder groups. The facilitators’ perceived usefulness (especially less paperwork) was mentioned by all the stakeholders, followed by subjects’ positive attitude. The main barriers were lack of resources (namely, lack of staff and materials), financial difficulties (especially complying with high costs, lack of reimbursements), and guaranteeing privacy and security (eg, strict regulations). Both similarities and differences were found between stakeholder groups and hospital types. For example, managers and information technology employees mainly considered guaranteeing privacy and security as a predominant barrier. Financial difficulties were particularly mentioned by medical professionals and managers.

Conclusions
Patient portal implementation is a complex process and is not only a technical process but also affects the organization and its staff. Barriers and facilitators occurred at various levels and differed among hospital types (eg, lack of accessibility) and stakeholder groups (eg, sufficient resources) in terms of several factors. Our findings underscore the importance of involving multiple stakeholders in portal implementations. We identified a set of barriers and facilitators that are likely to be useful in making strategic and efficient implementation plans.
Cognitive Assessment of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease by Telemedicine: Pilot Study
Authors: Carotenuto Anna , Rea Raffaele , Traini Enea , Ricci Giovanna , Fasanaro Angiola Maria , Amenta Francesco 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundApproximately 46.8 million people are living with dementia worldwide and their number will grow in the next years. Any potential treatment should be administered as early as possible because it is important to provide an early cognitive assessment and to regularly monitor the mental function of patients. Information and communication technologies can be helpful to reach and follow patients without displacing them, but there may be doubts about the reliability of cognitive tests performed by telemedicine.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) tests administered in hospital by videoconference to patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.MethodsThe tests were administered to 28 Alzheimer's disease outpatients (8 male, mean age 73.88, SD 7.45 years; 20 female mean age 76.00, SD 5.40 years) recruited and followed in the Alzheimer’s Unit of the A Cardarelli National Hospital (Naples, Italy) at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of observation. Patients were evaluated first face-to-face by a psychologist and then, after 2 weeks, by another psychologist via videoconference in hospital.ResultsThis study showed no differences in the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores when the tests were administered face-to-face or by videoconference, except in patients with more pronounced cognitive deficits (MMSE<17), in which the assessment via videoconference overestimated the cognitive impairment (face to face, MMSE mean 13.9, SD 4.9 and ADAS-cog mean 9.0, SD 3.8; videoconference, MMSE mean 42.8, SD 12.5 and ADAS-cog mean 56.9, SD 5.5).ConclusionsWe found that videoconferencing is a reliable approach to document cognitive stability or decline, and to measure treatment effects in patients with mild to moderate dementia. A more extended study is needed to confirm these results.
Knowledge and Perception of Public Towards Medico Legal Autopsy in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Nuwadatta , Paudel Ishwari Sharma , Kandel Dipendra , Chudal Akash 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
Autopsy is an important tool to determine the cause of death. This study was conducted with the objectives to assess the knowledge and perception of Nepalese people towards medico legal autopsy.
Methods:
It was a questionnaire based cross sectional study performed among the general public of Nepal. A standard pretested questionnaire was used to collect the responses on knowledge and perception of the people about medico legal autopsy. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean score of knowledge among the various groups. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
Mean age of the respondents was 29.06 years (SD = 10.50) and 72.31% were male (n = 188, N = 260). Mean score of knowledge was 6.65 (SD = 1.76) out of a total ten. The score was significantly higher (p = 0.02) among the respondents whose relatives had undergone an autopsy than those whose were not. It was comparable among the educated and uneducated groups. A total of 75.77% respondents (n = 197, N = 260) would not reject the autopsy of their relatives.
Conclusion:
People lack knowledge mostly in basic elements of medico legal autopsy. Most of the people showed positive perception towards autopsy and those who were negative, feared of disfigurement of the bodies after an autopsy.
XBRL Adoption and Systematic Information Acquisition via EDGAR
Authors: Chen Gary , Zhou Jie 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
We investigate how XBRL adoption relates to the systematic file requests from EDGAR. We define systematic requests as requests for EDGAR filings using automated scripts and computer programs. Our results show that systematic requests for EDGAR filings increase significantly after the adoption of XBRL and that the increase is not driven by requests for financial statements in older, static formats (HTML or TXT). Cross-sectional analyses further suggest that the increase in systematic requests is more pronounced for firms with lower information accessibility and accounting comparability. Results from a difference-in-differences specification provide similar inferences. Overall, our findings are consistent with the view that XBRL facilitates bulk downloading and processing of company disclosures, suggesting greater information acquisition subsequent to enactment of the XBRL mandate.
JEL Classifications: M41; M48; K22.