bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of the Investigator with the Bodies of Intelligence Gathering and Forensic Activities
Authors: Baigelenova Ainur K. , Tuzelbayev Yergali O. , Baimoldina Svetlana M. , Kolesnikov Yuriy Y. , Tuzelbayev Nurgali O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Without high-quality, effective interaction of the preliminary investigation bodies and the bodies of inquiry, forensic authorities, it is impossible to examine the case and collect evidence on it fully and comprehensively. Establishing all the facts in the case and the truth is quite difficult for investigators and other participants in the investigation of crimes.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the study is to analyze the characteristics of the investigator’s engagement with the entities involved in operational investigative and forensic activities.

Materials and Methods:
The primary approach employed in investigating this matter is modeling, making it a deliberate and organized endeavor for professional growth and the acquisition of specialized skills that enable the effective examination of the investigator’s interaction with intelligence gathering and forensic entities.

Results:
The model focuses on a thorough initial examination of how the investigator collaborates with intelligence and forensic entities, leading to the development and study of scientifically grounded suggestions for updating the criminal law of Kazakhstan and improving its implementation practices.

Conclusion:
The study holds practical significance in terms of the potential applications of the findings in the following areas: (1) enhancing the methods of interaction between investigators and intelligence gathering and forensic entities; (2) incorporating the research outcomes into the curriculum for the “Interaction of Law Enforcement Agencies” course; and (3) enhancing the professional qualifications of officials in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Craniofacial Reconstruction of a 4000-year-old Human Skull
Authors: Tu Lyu , Shiwei Li , Caixia Li , Xingtao Wei , Jiaxin Zhang , Ran Xu , Zhixin Bai , Yuan Ji , Dong Zhao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Craniofacial reconstruction (CFR) is a traditional technology used in forensic science and archaeology. CFR recovers the craniofacial appearance to approximate the appearance of missing persons or ancient humans. To reconstruct the craniofacial appearance of a 4000-year-old skull of a person who lived during the Longshan period of Chinese history, we performed CFR using a protective method. The skull was scanned and three dimensionally printed. Subsequently, morphological measurements were carried out. Traditional steps, such as sculpturing of the facial soft tissues, and facial features, and the creation of a cast skull model, were still essential for the complete outcome. Three-dimensional scanning and printing progressed the CFR to the digital stage, which avoided probable breaks during the traditional procedures and improved precision and efficacy. Although CFR is a scientific method with anatomical and anthropometry bases, it still requires expert experience in sculpture, history, and photography.
A Forensic Approach in the Determination of Sequence of Strokes using Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Khare Vartika , Singla Anu , Gupta Pawan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Fluorescence Microscope is a promising analytical method for the examination of the sequence of strokes of writing inks of different colours, brands, and models in a questioned document.

Aims and Objectives:
In the present article, an attempt has been made to categorize the writing inks of different brands and colours on the basis of their fluorescence.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 36 writing inks were used to make the different intersections on a standard A4 sheet which were then analyzed under the excitation filters of the Fluorescence Microscope.

Results:
The results indicated that the different inks can be characterized optically based on the luminescent components of the ink present in crossed lined intersections.

Conclusions:
Fluorescence Microscopy is a relatively simple, fast, inexpensive, and non-destructive technology that can be used in conjunction with other, more complex, and expensive technologies to identify the sequence of line crossing. It can provide a novel way of analysis based on the assessment of microelement analysis and the characteristics of diverse ink handwriting samples.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Different Techniques for Impacted Canine Exposure
Authors: Kohli Arshdeep S. , Goyal Jashan D. , Jamatia Kahamnuk , Kaur Guramrit P. , Syed Afroz K. , Anoosha M. , Tiwari Rahul 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Impacted canines pose a significant challenge in orthodontic treatment, often requiring surgical exposure and orthodontic traction to achieve proper alignment. Various techniques, including open and closed methods, are employed, each having distinct advantages and complications. This study aims to compare these techniques using clinical and radiographic evaluations to determine their effectiveness in canine exposure and alignment.

Methods:
A prospective analysis was conducted on 50 patients with impacted canines. Two techniques, the closed flap and open window, were compared across key parameters, including treatment duration, patient discomfort, and periodontal health. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated for root resorption, and success was measured by the time taken for the canine’s eruption and alignment.

Results:
The closed technique showed a statistically significant reduction in treatment duration (P < 0.05) compared to the open method. However, there was no significant difference in periodontal health outcomes. Radiographic analysis indicated no substantial difference in root resorption between the two techniques.

Conclusion:
The closed technique is more efficient in reducing treatment time, with comparable outcomes in terms of periodontal health and root resorption. It may be considered the preferred method for impacted canine exposure.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Atopic Dermatitis in Urban vs. Rural Populations: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Dash Mitali , Mishra Anup K. , Pradhan Sasmita , Priyadarshini Gayathri R. S. , Rai Sathvik , Gupta Surendra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
: “Atopic dermatitis (AD)” is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects urban and rural populations at different frequencies probably because of environmental and lifestyle differences. These differences become evident and can help steer culturally sensitive individualized interventions.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the frequency and associated risk factors of AD in urbanised and rural areas. In our study, 500 Individuals were tested for various factors including environmental exposure, socioeconomic status, family history of AD and lifestyle. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables and statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.

Results:
Urban locality was seen as a strong predictor of AD, with almost threefold more cases in urban populations compared to rural (P = 0.01) and environmental pollution and lack of green areas very significant factors fighting against the health aspects. Rural populations had a lower prevalence of AD but a higher association with agricultural allergens and hygiene-related factors (P = 0.03). Socioeconomic status and family history were significant risk factors in both populations.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of AD differs between urban and rural settings, with environmental and lifestyle factors playing a crucial role in its development. Tailored public health strategies are required to mitigate the risk of AD based on specific population characteristics.
The Occurrence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shah Ashay , Bakerywala Arifa , Brahmbhatt Riya N. , Shaikh Heena , Bhutak Nidhi Shashikant , Singh Renu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This research aimed to investigate the occurrence and trends of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Material and Methods:
During the course of the study, a total of 100 patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled by researchers, adhering to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The diagnosis of NAFLD was confirmed via ultrasonography, which revealed a bright liver appearance.

Results:
The ultrasonography analysis revealed that 50% of the patients were diagnosed with fatty liver, leading to their classification in group A. The remaining patients, who exhibited no signs of fatty liver, were assigned to Group B. Group A exhibited significantly higher levels of serum AST, serum ALT, and serum alkaline phosphatase in comparison to Group B. Group B showed an elevated Serum AST/ALT ratio when compared to group A.

Conclusion:
The rising rates of obesity are increasingly linked to a surge in conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, has rendered the management of these patients more complex than ever. Clinicians must recognize the extrahepatic manifestations associated with NAFLD, as early identification of T2DM is crucial for effectively managing these patients.
Evaluating Shear Bond Strength of Different Glass Ionomer Cements to Dentin: An Experimental Study
Authors: Pradeep Sulakshana , Kaur Gunmeek , Roy Bhaswati , Desai Dhaval , Athira MR , Prasad K Vishnu , Paradiya Hiren Hansraj 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The study aimed to estimate the shear bond strength (SBS) of various glass ionomer cements (GICs).

Materials and Methods:
Forty-eight extracted premolars were divided into 12 each groups after doing coronal sectioning 1 mm under the junction of enamel and dentin (DEJ) at perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth by utilizing a diamond disc at low speed and implanted into acrylic blocks of measuring 2 cm × 2 cm: Group 1: Conventional GIC (GC Gold Label 2, Japan), Group 2: Resin Modified GIC (GC Gold Label 2 LC, Japan), Group 3: Zirconia Reinforced GIC (Shofu Zirconomer Improved, Japan), and Group 4: Hydroxyapatite Modified GIC (Prevest Crysta Bioactive, India). Following the company’s directions, the experimental materials were bonded to the samples using a plastic cylinder template. The specimens were incubated for a day at 37°C in artificial saliva. Last, the universal tester machine with a stainless-steel (SS) knife at a speed of 0.5 mm/min, which was positioned perpendicular to the junction that connected the material and dentin, was used to perform the shear bond test (SBS) until debonding and measured in Mega Pascals (MPa). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

Results:
Associating mean SBS (MPa) among the groups showed a higher mean associated with group 3, followed by group 4, group 2, and then group 1, with a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:
The Zirconia Reinforced GIC showed the highest mean SBS than other different modifications of GIC.
Pediatricians’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Infant Oral Health: A Pretest and Posttest Intervention Study
Authors: Mehlawat Rachita , Gupta Anil , Garg Shalini , Bhalla Manish , Tiwari Rahul , Tiwari Heena D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
In India, early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant public health issue affecting young children, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The prevalence of ECC in India is influenced by factors such as dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, cultural norms, and access to oral healthcare services. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ECC affects approximately 23% of children aged 2–4 years globally.

Aim:
The study was conducted on pediatricians’ knowledge and practices regarding infant oral health and ECC. It provides critical insights into the challenges and opportunities for improving oral health outcomes among young children, particularly in the context of Dwarka subcity, India.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional pretest and posttest study was conducted among pediatricians practicing in the Northern India. The study utilized pre- and posttraining questionnaires to evaluate pediatricians’ baseline knowledge and measure changes following educational interventions. To ensure questionnaire reliability and internal consistency, questions perceived as challenging were rephrased, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) was used to assess overall questionnaire reliability, demonstrating a high degree of internal consistency (α =0.95).

Result:
An improvement in the knowledge of the clinicians were observed postintervention.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the importance of addressing gaps in pediatricians’ knowledge and practices related to infant oral health and ECC through targeted educational interventions and collaborative efforts. By empowering pediatricians with the necessary skills and knowledge, we can enhance early intervention and preventive care measures, ultimately improving oral health outcomes for children in India and globally.
Retrospective Analysis of the Effectiveness of Outreach Dental Camps in Underserved Areas
Authors: Somaraj Vinej , Nallamothu Kiran P. , Pappulwar Swati M. , Rao Amita , Perti Sonali , Alwafi Abdulraheem A. , Gupta Jayantika 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This retrospective analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of outreach dental camps in addressing oral health disparities and improving access to dental care in underserved areas.

Methods:
Data from outreach dental camps conducted in underserved areas over the past five years were analyzed. A comprehensive search identified studies reporting quantitative data on oral health outcomes and dental care utilization among camp participants. Descriptive statistics and meta-analysis techniques were employed to summarize findings and estimate overall effect sizes.

Results:
The analysis revealed a significant improvement in oral health outcomes among camp participants. Dental caries prevalence decreased from 60% to 35%, and mean probing depth improved from 4.5 mm to 3.0 mm (P < 0.001 for both). Dental treatment utilization increased, with dental cleaning prevalence rising from 10% to 40% and filling prevalence increasing from 5% to 25% (P < 0.001 for both).

Conclusion:
Outreach dental camps demonstrate effectiveness in reducing dental caries prevalence, improving periodontal health, and increasing dental treatment utilization in underserved areas. These findings highlight the critical role of outreach strategies in promoting oral health and addressing disparities among vulnerable populations. Further research should explore the scalability and long-term impact of outreach dental interventions for sustainable oral health improvement.
Thrombosis of the Persistent Median Artery: A Rare Cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Baskar A. , Poojitha D. S. , Ravi Praveen Kumar , Indiran Venkatraman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Persistent median artery (PMA) is a rare vascular anomaly that, when thrombosed, can compress the median nerve, leading to carpal tunnel syndrome. This case report presents a 29-year-old female with acute right wrist pain, numbness, and tingling in the thumb and index finger. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a thrombosed PMA causing a mass effect on a bifid median nerve. Conservative treatment with anti-edema measures and anticoagulants led to significant symptom resolution within 2 weeks. Untreated thrombosis of the PMA can result in complications such as chronic nerve compression, muscle atrophy, digital ischemia, and permanent loss of hand function. Early diagnosis using Doppler ultrasound and MRI is essential to prevent such outcomes. Although conservative management is often effective, surgical intervention may be needed in persistent or severe cases. This report highlights the importance of recognizing PMA as a rare but significant cause of carpal tunnel syndrome to ensure timely diagnosis and intervention.
Systematic review and critical appraisal of predictive models for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Existing challenges and proposed enhancements
Authors: Sun Chao-Fan , Lin Yu-Han , Ling Guo-Xing , Gao Hui-Juan , Feng Xing-Zhong , Sun Chun-Quan 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
The trend of risk prediction models for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is increasing, but few studies focus on the quality of the model and its practical application.
AIM
To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and rigorous evaluation of prediction models for DPN.
METHODS
A meticulous search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CNKI, Wang Fang DATA, and VIP Database to identify studies published until October 2023. The included and excluded criteria were applied by the researchers to screen the literature. Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed the quality using a data extraction form and a bias risk assessment tool. Disagreements were resolved through consultation with a third investigator. Data from the included studies were extracted utilizing the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies. Additionally, the bias risk and applicability of the models were evaluated by the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.
RESULTS
The systematic review included 14 studies with a total of 26 models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the 26 models was 0.629-0.938. All studies had high risks of bias, mainly due to participants, outcomes, and analysis. The most common predictors included glycated hemoglobin, age, duration of diabetes, lipid abnormalities, and fasting blood glucose.
CONCLUSION
The predictor model presented good differentiation, calibration, but there were significant methodological flaws and high risk of bias. Future studies should focus on improving the study design and study report, updating the model and verifying its adaptability and feasibility in clinical practice.
Effect of systolic blood pressure status on coronary inflammation and high-risk plaque characteristics
Authors: Jiang Cui-Ping , Liu Yuan-Kang , Cheng Pan-Pan , Dong Yue , Wang Xiang , Wu Fan-Yu , Xia Yu-Xuan , Wang Peng-Yun , Xu Xiang-Yang 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Inadequately controlled hypertension often leads to an increased cardiovascular death rate in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It remains unclear whether systolic blood pressure (SBP) status of hypertension is related to coronary inflammation and plaques in T2DM.
AIM
To evaluate whether SBP variability (SBPV) and levels of hypertension are related to coronary inflammation and plaques in T2DM patients using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).
METHODS
This retrospective study involved 881 T2DM patients with CCTA images, including 668 hypertension and 213 normotension patients. Hypertension patients were subgroup based on SBP status: (1) SBPV: Low (< 8.96 mmHg) and high (≥ 8.96 mmHg) groups; and (2) SBP levels: Controlled (< 140 mmHg) and uncontrolled (≥ 140 mmHg) groups. Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation, high-risk plaques (HRPs) and obstructive stenosis (OS) were evaluated by CCTA. Propensity score matching was utilized to compare these CCTA findings for these groups. The impact of SBPV and SBP levels of hypertension on these CCTA findings in T2DM patients were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression and multivariable linear regression.
RESULTS
PCAT attenuation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), any low attenuation plaque (LAP), any spotty calcification (SC), any positive remodeling (PR), and OS had significant differences between the hypertension group and the normotension group, as well as between the high SBPV or uncontrolled SBP group and the low SBPV or controlled SBP group (all P < 0.05). Hypertension was independently positively correlated with LAD-PCAT attenuation (β = 1.815, P = 0.010), LAP (OR = 1.612, P = 0.019), SC (OR = 1.665, P = 0.013), PR (OR = 1.549, P = 0.033), and OS (OR = 1.928, P = 0.036) in all T2DM patients. Additionally, high SBPV and uncontrolled SBP were independently positively correlated with LAD-PCAT attenuation (high SBPV: β = 1.673, P = 0.048; uncontrolled SBP: β = 2.370, P = 0.004) and PR (high SBPV: OR = 1.903, P = 0.048; uncontrolled SBP: OR = 2.230, P = 0.013) in T2DM patients with hypertension.
CONCLUSION
Inadequately controlled hypertension, including high SBPV and/or uncontrolled SBP levels, may be related to increased coronary artery inflammation, HRPs, and OS in T2DM, leading to increased cardiovascular risk. Achieving both low SBPV and controlled SBP levels simultaneously, especially in individuals with T2DM and hypertension, warrants clinical attention.
The Predictive Ability of Organizational Cynicism with Professional Loyalty and Organizational Loyalty in Primary Schools in the North Region across the Green Line
Authors: Sawwaed Essam Ibrahim , Otarri Aaref Tawfiq 
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to identify the predictive ability of organizational cynicism on professional loyalty and organizational loyalty in primary schools in the North District inside the Green Line. To achieve the objective of the study, the predictive correlational descriptive methodology was used, through the development of a study tool that included three main domains; including the organizational cynicism, professional loyalty, and organizational loyalty, which was distributed to a sample of (413) teachers. The results of the study showed a low degree of organizational cynicism among teachers in primary schools, and the results showed a very large degree of professional loyalty and large level of organizational loyalty within primary schools, the results also showed an adverse effect of organizational cynicism on professional loyalty, as well as an adverse effect of organizational cynicism on organizational loyalty.
Social Stigma and Self-Compassion as Predictors of Self-Control and Relapse among a Sample of Recoveries in Addiction Treatment Centers in Jordan
Authors: Al Amarat Fadi Mohd. , Dahadheh Basem “Mohammad Ali” 
Published: February 2025

The current study aimed to reveal the level of social stigma and self-compassion and their predictive ability in self-control and relapse among a sample of recoveries in addiction treatment centers in Jordan. To achieve the goal of the study, the predictive correlational methodology was used, where four scales were developed to measure the study variables, by distributing those to (364) recoveries who were selected in a simple random method, from those recovering in addiction treatment centers in Jordan. The results of the study showed that the level of social stigma among the study sample subjects was large, and their level of self-compassion and self-control was moderate, and their results on the relapse scale were large, and the results showed a statistically significant contribution at the level of significance (α= 0.05). Self-mercy in predicting self-adjustment, and it is noted that self-compassion and social stigma have explained (24.7%) of the percentage of variance in self-control, as social stigma contributed negatively to predicting self-adjustment, and the results showed a statistically significant contribution at the level of significance (α = 0.05) for mercy in particular in predicting relapse, and it is noted that social stigma has clarified (34.3%) of the percentage of variance in relapse, as for the variable of mercy in particular, it was not able to predict relapse among the recovered.