bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel Rhabdovirus Isolated from Deinocerites Mosquitoes
Authors: Xu Connie L. , Cantalupo Paul G. , Sáenz-Robles Maria Teresa , Baldwin Amy , Fitzpatrick Dan , Norris Douglas E. , Jackson Ethan , Pipas James M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

We present a draft genome of a novel rhabdovirus, called Grenada mosquito rhabdovirus 1 (GMRV1), with homology to Wuhan mosquito virus 9 (WMV9) (NCBI reference sequence NC_031303), isolated from
Deinocerites
mosquitoes. The genome has a length of 14,420 nucleotides and encodes five open reading frames.
Intrastructural Help: Harnessing T Helper Cells Induced by Licensed Vaccines for Improvement of HIV Env Antibody Responses to Virus-Like Particle Vaccines
Authors: Elsayed Hassan , Nabi Ghulam , McKinstry William J. , Khoo Keith K. , Mak Johnson , Salazar Andres M. , Tenbusch Matthias , Temchura Vladimir , Überla Klaus 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTInduction of persistent antibody responses by vaccination is generally thought to depend on efficient help by T follicular helper cells. Since the T helper cell response to HIV Env may not be optimal, we explored the possibility of improving the HIV Env antibody response to virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines by recruiting T helper cells induced by commonly used licensed vaccines to provide help for Env-specific B cells. B cells specific for the surface protein of a VLP can internalize the entire VLP and thus present peptides derived from the surface and core proteins on their major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules. This allows T helper cells specific for the core protein to provide intrastructural help for B cells recognizing the surface protein. Consistently, priming mice with an adjuvanted Gag protein vaccine enhanced the HIV Env antibody response to subsequent booster immunizations with HIV VLPs. To harness T helper cells induced by the licensed Tetanolpur vaccines, HIV VLPs that contained T helper cell epitopes of tetanus toxoid were generated. Tetanol-immunized mice raised stronger antibody responses to immunizations with VLPs containing tetanus toxoid T helper cell epitopes but not to VLPs lacking these epitopes. Depending on the priming immunization, the IgG subtype response to HIV Env after the VLP immunization could also be modified. Thus, harnessing T helper cells induced by other vaccines appears to be a promising approach to improve the HIV Env antibody response to VLP vaccines.IMPORTANCEInduction of HIV Env antibodies at sufficient levels with optimal Fc effector functions for durable protection remains a challenge. Efficient T cell help may be essential to induce such a desirable antibody response. Here, we provide proof of concept that T helper cells induced by a licensed vaccine can be harnessed to provide help for HIV Env-specific B cells and to modulate the Env-specific IgG subtype response.
Spondyloarthritis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a prospective hospital-based study
Authors: Lebughe Pierrot , de Vlam Kurt , Westhovens Rene , Mbuyi-Muamba Jean-Marie , Malemba Jean Jacques 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the spectrum of spondyloarthritis (SpA) in outpatients with symptoms of rheumatism attending two rheumatology practices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.DesignA descriptive prospective multicentre outpatient study.SettingThe present study analysed 6 months data (from 1 December 2012 till 31 May 2013).ParticipantsNine hundred and eighty-four consecutive outpatients were studied.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA clinical diagnosis of SpA was made and several classification criteria were applied afterwards. Radiographic lesions in the sacroiliac joint were scored with the modified New York criteria. BASDAI and BASFI were evaluated in axial SpA (axSpA). The primary end point was the prevalence of SpA and the secondary end points were the spectrum of SpA and its subtypes.ResultsOne hundred and five patients (10.7%) were diagnosed among 984 consecutive outpatients with a sex ratio (male to female) of 1.4. The average age at disease onset was 41.3±12.4 years. Non-radiographical axSpA was the most frequent subtype (5.0%) followed by reactive arthritis (4.3%). Other subtypes were: ankylosing spondylitis (1.0%), psoriatic arthritis (0.1%), synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis syndrome (0.1%) and inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis (0.1%). Mean BASDAI and BASFI in axSpA were 42.7/100 and 46.4/100, respectively. Peripheral enthesitis was found in 43% of patients with SpA and uveitis (10.4%) was the most frequent extra-articular manifestation. We did not detect any family history. Median erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein were 37 (range: 7–110) mm/hour and 22 (range: 4–48) mg/L, respectively.ConclusionsThis hospital-based study suggests there is substantial occurrence of some subtypes of SpA in central Africa. A population-based study is needed to evaluate these subtypes.
The design of JVM and native libraries in ScalaLab for efficient scientific computation
Authors: Papadimitriou Stergios , Moussiades Lefteris 
Published: May 2018

ScalaLab is a MATLAB-like environment for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). ScalaLab is based on the Scala programming language. It utilizes an extensive set of Java and Scala scientific libraries and also has access to many native C/C[Formula: see text] scientific libraries by using mainly the Java Native Interface (JNI).The performance of the JVM platform is continuously improved at a fast pace. Today JVM can effectively support demanding high-performance computing and scales well on multicore platforms. However, sometimes optimized native C/[Formula: see text] code can yield even better performance, by exploiting low-level programming issues, such as optimization of caches and architecture-dependent instruction sets.The present work reports some of the experiences that we gained with experiments with both Just in Time (JIT) JVM code and native code. We compare some aspects of Scala and C[Formula: see text] that concern the requirements of scientific computing and highlight some strong features of the Scala language that facilitate the implementation of scientific scripting. This paper describes how ScalaLab tries to combine the best features of the JVM with those of the C/C[Formula: see text] technology, in order to implement an effective scientific computing environment.
Cortical sources of the auditory attentional blink
Authors: Shen Dawei , Vuvan Dominique T. , Alain Claude 
Published: May 2018

Attentional blink (AB) refers to the situation where correctly identifying a target impairs the processing of a subsequent probe in a sequence of stimuli. Although the AB often coincides with a modulation of scalp-recorded cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs), the neural sources of this effect remain unclear. In two separate experiments, we used classical LORETA analysis recursively applied (CLARA) to estimate the neural sources of ERPs elicited by an auditory probe when it immediately followed an auditory target (i.e., AB condition), when no auditory target was present (i.e., no-AB condition), and when the probe followed an auditory target but occurred outside of the AB time window (i.e., no-AB condition). We observed a processing deficit when the probe immediately followed the target, and this auditory AB was accompanied by reduced P3b amplitude. Contrasting brain electrical source activity from the AB and no-AB conditions revealed reduced source activity in the medial temporal region as well as in the temporoparietal junction (extending into inferior parietal lobe), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary body, and left cerebellum. The results indicate that successful probe identification following a target relies on a widely distributed brain network and further support the suggestion that the auditory AB reflects the failure of the probe to reach short-term consolidation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Within a rapid succession of auditory stimuli, the perception of a predefined target sound often impedes listeners’ ability to detect another target sound that is presented close in succession. This attentional blink may be related to activity in brain areas supporting attention and memory. We show that the auditory attentional blink is associated with brain activity changes in a network including the medial temporal lobe, parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex. This study suggests that a problem in the interaction between attention and memory underlies the auditory attentional blink.
Learning by heart: cardiac cycle reveals an effective time window for learning
Authors: Waselius Tomi , Wikgren Jan , Halkola Hanna , Penttonen Markku , Nokia Miriam S. 
Published: May 2018

Cardiac cycle phase is known to modulate processing of simple sensory information. This effect of the heartbeat on brain function is likely exerted via baroreceptors, the neurons sensitive for changes in blood pressure. From baroreceptors, the signal is conveyed all the way to the forebrain and the medial prefrontal cortex. In the two experiments reported, we examined whether learning, as a more complex form of cognition, can be modulated by the cardiac cycle phase. Human participants ( experiment 1) and rabbits ( experiment 2) were trained in trace eyeblink conditioning while neural activity was recorded. The conditioned stimulus was presented contingently with either the systolic or diastolic phase of the cycle. The tone used as the conditioned stimulus evoked amplified responses in both humans (electroencephalogram from “vertex,” Cz) and rabbits (hippocampal CA1 local field potential) when its onset was timed at systole. In humans, the cardiac cycle phase did not affect learning, but rabbits trained at diastole learned significantly better than those trained at a random phase of the cardiac cycle. In summary, our results suggest that neural processing of external stimuli and also learning can be affected by targeting stimuli on the basis of cardiac cycle phase. These findings might be useful in applications aimed at maximizing or minimizing the effects of external stimulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It has been shown that rapid changes in bodily states modulate neural processing of external stimulus in brain. In this study, we show that modulation of neural processing of external stimulus and learning about it depends on the phase of the cardiac cycle. This is a novel finding that can be applied to optimize associative learning.
PTPN12/PTP-PEST Regulates Phosphorylation-Dependent Ubiquitination and Stability of Focal Adhesion Substrates in Invasive Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Morales John E. , Guerrero Paola A. , Sun Huandong , McCarty Joseph H. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an invasive brain cancer with tumor cells that disperse from the primary mass, escaping surgical resection and invariably giving rise to lethal recurrent lesions. Here we report that PTP-PEST, a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase, controls GBM cell invasion by physically bridging the focal adhesion protein Crk-associated substrate (Cas) to valosin-containing protein (Vcp), an ATP-dependent protein segregase that selectively extracts ubiquitinated proteins from multiprotein complexes and targets them for degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Both Cas and Vcp are substrates for PTP-PEST, with the phosphorylation status of tyrosine 805 (Y805) in Vcp impacting affinity for Cas in focal adhesions and controlling ubiquitination levels and protein stability. Perturbing PTP-PEST–mediated phosphorylation of Cas and Vcp led to alterations in GBM cell-invasive growth in vitro and in preclinical mouse models. Collectively, these data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism involving PTP-PEST, Vcp, and Cas that dynamically balances phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of key focal proteins involved in GBM cell invasion.
Significance: PTP-PEST balances GBM cell growth and invasion by interacting with the ATP-dependent ubiquitin segregase Vcp/p97 and regulating phosphorylation and stability of the focal adhesion protein p130Cas.
Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/14/3809/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3809–22. ©2018 AACR.
FDA's Approval of the First Biosimilar to Bevacizumab
Authors: Casak Sandra J. , Lemery Steven J. , Chung Jee , Fuchs Chana , Schrieber Sarah J. , Chow Edwin C.Y. , Yuan Weishi , Rodriguez Lisa , Gwise Thomas , Rowzee Anne , Lim Sue , Keegan Patricia , McKee Amy E. , Pazdur Richard 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Passage of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 created an abbreviated licensure pathway for biosimilar products. The FDA approved ABP215 (MVASI, bevacizumab-awwb; Amgen) as a biosimilar to U.S.-licensed Avastin (bevacizumab; Genentech) based on an extensive comparative analytic characterization, data obtained in a pharmacokinetic similarity study in healthy subjects, and a comparative clinical study in patients with non–small cell lung cancer. The totality of the evidence for biosimilarity supported extrapolation of the data to support licensure as a biosimilar for other approved indications of U.S.-licensed Avastin, without the need of additional clinical studies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4365–70. ©2018 AACR.
Clinical Implications of Ablation of Drivers for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Baykaner Tina , Rogers Albert J. , Meckler Gabriela L. , Zaman Junaid , Navara Rachita , Rodrigo Miguel , Alhusseini Mahmood , Kowalewski Christopher A.B. , Viswanathan Mohan N. , Narayan Sanjiv M. , Clopton Paul , Wang Paul J. , Heidenreich Paul A. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The outcomes from pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) are suboptimal, but the benefits of additional lesion sets remain unproven. Recent studies propose ablation of AF drivers improves outcomes over PVI, yet with conflicting reports in the literature. We undertook a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to determine outcomes from ablation of AF drivers in addition to PVI or as a stand-alone procedure.

Methods:

Database search was done using the terms atrial fibrillation and ablation or catheter ablation and driver or rotor or focal impulse or FIRM (Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation). We pooled data using random effects model and assessed heterogeneity with I
2
statistic.

Results:

Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria, in a cohort size of 3294 patients. Adding AF driver ablation to PVI reported freedom from AF of 72.5% (confidence interval [CI], 62.1%–81.8%;
P
<0.01) and from all arrhythmias of 57.8% (CI, 47.5%–67.7%;
P
<0.01). AF driver ablation when added to PVI or as stand-alone procedure compared with controls produced an odds ratio of 3.1 (CI, 1.3–7.7;
P
=0.02) for freedom from AF and an odds ratio of 1.8 (CI, 1.2–2.7;
P
<0.01) for freedom from all arrhythmias in 4 controlled studies. AF termination rate was 40.5% (CI, 30.6%–50.9%) and predicted favorable outcome from ablation(
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:
In controlled studies, the addition of AF driver ablation to PVI supports the possible benefit of a combined approach of AF driver ablation and PVI in improving single-procedure freedom from all arrhythmias. However, most studies are uncontrolled and are limited by substantial heterogeneity in outcomes. Large multicenter randomized trials are needed to precisely define the benefits of adding driver ablation to PVI.
Development of activity rates in fledgling songbirds: when do young birds begin to behave like adults?
Authors: Jones Todd M. , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Ward Michael P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLogistical and technological limitations have constrained the characterization of behavioural development in songbirds, particularly during the post-fledging period. Recently, advances in radio-telemetry technology — automated radio-telemetry systems (ARTS) capable of recording continuous, high-resolution spatial-temporal data on radio-tagged birds — have opened the door to more comprehensive examinations of fledgling behaviour. We examined development of activity rates (number of times a bird was determined to have moved per number of detections, per hour) in fledgling Dickcissels using ARTS established at two grassland sites in east-central Illinois, USA. Specifically, we described general patterns of fledgling activity rates and determined the age at which fledglings began exhibiting activity rates like adults. We found that juveniles decreased activity rates immediately following fledging, likely to avoid detection by snakes and other predators, but increased activity levels throughout the rest of the post-fledging period. Peak hours of fledgling activity occurred around 0700 and 1800 h for all ages, with consistently low activity rates at night. On average, fledglings began exhibiting adult-like activity rates approximately 22 days after fledging, around roughly the same time they stopped being fed by adults. While our study provides important insights into development of fledgling behaviour in the Dickcissel, it remains unclear how patterns of behavioural development vary within and among species.
Exploring the Climatic Response to Wide Variations in Ocean Heat Transport on an Aquaplanet
Authors: Rencurrel M. Cameron , Rose Brian E. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe climatic impact of ocean heat transport (OHT) is studied in a series of idealized aquaplanet climate model experiments. OHT is prescribed through a simple geometrical formula spanning a wide variety of amplitudes and meridional extents. Calculations with a comprehensive GCM are compared against a simple diffusive energy balance model (EBM). The GCM response differs from the EBM in several important ways that illustrate linkages between atmospheric dynamics and radiative processes. Increased OHT produces global mean warming at a rate of 2 K PW−1 OHT across 30° and a strong reduction in meridional temperature gradient. The tropics remain nearly isothermal despite locally large imposed ocean heat uptake. The warmer climate features reduced equatorial convection, moister subtropics, reduced cloudiness, and partial but incomplete compensation in atmospheric heat transport. Many of these effects are linked to a weakened Hadley circulation. Both the warming pattern and hydrological changes differ strongly from those driven by CO2. Similar results are found at 0° and 23.45° obliquity. It is argued that clouds, rather than clear-sky radiative processes, are principally responsible for the global warming and tropical thermostat effects. Cloud changes produce warming in all cases, but the degree of warming depends strongly on the meridional extent of OHT. The strongest warming occurs in response to mid- to high-latitude OHT convergence, which produces widespread loss of boundary layer clouds. Temperature responses to increased OHT are quantitatively reproduced in the EBM by imposing GCM-derived cloud radiative effects as additional forcing.
Casework with the Unmarried Mother in a Family Agency
Authors: Judge Jane G. 
Published: May 2018

The degree of self-understanding achieved by these young women differs in relation to the psychodynamics of their individual personalities and capacity to make use of casework treatment. Like other human beings in conflict with themselves and/or their environment, unmarried mothers are many different kinds of people, socially, economically, intellectually, and psychologically. Social attitudes toward unmarried parenthood have not sufficiently changed to alter the need of the unmarried mother for concealment. Thus she frequently flees in panic from her own community to a large city where she is unknown. Those young women who are financially able to support themselves and to meet hospital and boarding home costs are able to carry out their plans without endangering their desire for concealment. When an unmarried mother requires assistance from public funds, she becomes involved in an investigation of resources and the possibility of correspondence with her home community, about which she is apprehensive, at times more so than the facts warrant, since public welfare departments make investigations as confidentially as possible. The protection and service provided to mother and child by authorized agencies may not seem to the mother of sufficient worth to risk the danger of possible embarrassment or disclosure, when the possibility exists of placing her child directly from the hospital, with all bills paid by the adoptive family or by some interested intermediary. 4 We need community services, public and private, geared to the optimal meeting of the psychosocial and health needs of unmarried mothers and their children. The extent to which adoptions take place outside of the control of qualified agencies, and the number of unmarried mothers who receive no casework guidance, suggest the desirability for agencies working with unmarried mothers to review critically their procedures and policies to determine whether services are as useful and as accessible as resources of personnel permit. Adequate facilities for shelter care and medical care, adoption, and child placement are essential for casework with the unmarried mother. The unmarried mother should not be exposed to a fragmentary approach focused on the symptom of her personality disturbance. Because of initial resistance and panic and need to break former social relationships, she particularly needs diagnostic appraisal and a treatment plan formulated in one agency with access to specialized services at appropriate times.
Psychiatric Casework in an Army Setting
Authors: Rooney William S. , Ryan Francis J. , Cross Grace A. 
Published: May 2018

The foregoing has been an attempt to illustrate the process of psychiatric casework in the outpatient department of a United States army general hospital. Although social work in the army had its beginning during the recent war where it performed service in training camps, overseas bases, rehabilitation centers, and hospitals, in the years following the war it has become focused in well-defined areas. The casework process, as illustrated, is similar to social casework in many civilian psychiatric settings. The similarity is brought out intentionally. The basic skill of casework is the same in all settings. Casework is applicable to the military community to the same degree that it applies to any well-organized community. The soldier and his dependents live in surroundings that in many respects resemble those found in the average American town. In order that he may be a more efficient soldier the army community strives to meet his needs just as any town or city endeavors to meet the needs of its citizens. The neuropsychiatric outpatient clinic and the role of the social worker in such a clinic are but one example of the peacetime medical care program in the military community.