bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anacystis Mutants with Different Tolerances to DCMU-Type Herbicides Show Differences in Architecture and Dynamics of the Photosynthetic Apparatus, Depending on Site and Mode of the Amino Acid Exchanges in the D1 Protein
Authors: Koenig Friederike 
Published: August 2018

Mutants of Anacystis R2 with different amino acid exchanges in positions 255 and/or 264 in copy I of the psbA gene, leading to different tolerances to DCMU-type herbicides, are com- pared with the respective wild type concerning pigmentation and incorporation of 35S into the D1 protein upon growth in the presence of [35S]methionine. All mutants have shade-type appearance compared to the wild type, although to different extents depending on site and mode of the amino acid exchange in the D1 protein. Except for 3 mutants, there is no correlation between shade-type appearance on one hand and resistance towards a certain inhibitor on the other hand.
Not only the molar ratio of phycocyanin (PC) to chlorophyll (Chi) is higher in all mutants compared to the respective wild type, but also the rate of synthesis of the D1 protein. On the background of different levels of total 35S incorporation within 18 min, D1 synthesis can be related to shade adaptation. Degradation of the D1 protein remains to be thoroughly studied in this context.
No reproducible differences in whole chain electron transport were observed between mutants and wild type.
Negative Cross Resistance; a Possible Key to Atrazine Resistance Management: A Call for Whole Plant Data
Authors: Gressel Jonathan , Segel Lee A. 
Published: August 2018

Many photosystem II inhibiting herbicides still inhibit this process in triazine-resistant plants; i.e. they have no cross resistance with atrazine. Five- to twenty-fold lower concentrations of phenolic type herbicidcs and 5-fold less of the active ingredient of pyridate and half as much ioxynil are required to inhibit thylakoid PS II in atrazine-resistant biotypes than in sensitive biotypes; i.e., they even show “negative cross resistance”.
Negative cross resistance may be the major reason that atrazine resistance did not evolve where herbicide mixtures were used, when the mixed herbicide (usually a non-PS II inhibiting acetanilide) also controlled triazine-sensitivc weeds.
Mathematical modeling in principle allows quantification of the very low field levels of herbicides possessing negative cross resistance that could be mixed with atrazine that would stop or delay the evolution of resistant populations without affecting the maize crop. There are few available actual dose response curves of atrazine-resistant vs. susceptible weeds at the whole plant level for herbicidcs exerting negative cross resistance. Thus, “real situation” modeling cannot be done. Data acquisition is called for so that the model can be extrapolated from the thylakoid to the field.
Segregation of Triazine-Resistant Chloroplasts after Introduction into Winter Type Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) by Protoplast Fusion
Authors: Hain R. , Thomzik J. E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Triazine-resistant chloroplasts of the Canadian spring oilseed rape variety OAC Triton were transferred into four German winter oilseed rape lines and two cultivars of double-low quality by means of protoplast fusion. X-irradiation has been used to reduce the amount of nuclear D N A of the spring type cultivar and to promote cybrid formation. RFLP-analysis showed that some regenerants and their progeny carried both types of chloroplasts. In some instances regenerants and progeny containing mixtures of both chloroplasts not kept under selective conditions lost their triazine-resistant chloroplasts completely during further plant growth. Preliminary results of greenhouse and field experiments indicate that volunteer plants can be eliminated by application of 150-300 g/ha metribuzin (SencorR, Bayer AG) in a stand of triazine-resistant oilseed rape of double-low quality.
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase-Binding Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane Proteins. In vitro Evidence that H+ -ATP Synthase may Serve as a Membrane Receptor
Authors: Süss Karl-Heinz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Affinity binding to Sepharose 4 B-immobilized ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and its isolated small (SSU) and large (LSU) subunits of Nonidet P40-solubilized chloroplast thylakoid proteins has been performed to search for Rubisco membrane receptors in vitro. It was found that Rubisco and both of its isolated subunit types specifically bind the same proteins including H+-ATP synthase, cytochrome ƒ/b6 complex, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) and components of photosystem (PS) II which presumably form multienzyme complexes. PS I was not recognized by Rubisco components. of the Rubisco-binding thylakoid proteins, at least coupling factor 1 (CF1) is shown to form specific complexes with the enzyme as revealed by affinity chromatography and protein hybridization on nitrocellulose filters. Employing the latter approach, the SSU and LSU of Rubisco were observed to bind independently to isolated α and β, but not to γ, δ and ε subunits of CF1. The results indicate that H+-ATP synthase may serve as a Rubisco membrane receptor at least in vitro and suggest that the irreversible inhibition of photophosphorylation by Rubisco [R. T. Furbank et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 852,46-54 (1986)] is mainly due to its binding to the α/β subunit pairs of CF1.
X-Ray Induced Inactivation of the Sulfhydryl Enzyme Malate Synthase in the Presence of Various Additives Probing the Extent of Primary and Post-Irradiation Inactivation and Repair by Rapid Screening on the Microlevel
Authors: Durchschlag Helmut , Zipper Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The sulfhydryl enzyme malate synthase was inactivated by X-irradiation in air-saturated aqueous solution, in the absence or presence of a variety of additives (thiols, antioxienzymes, typical radical scavengers, inorganic salts, buffer components, substrates, products, analogues). Radiation-induced changes of enzymic activity were registered immediately after stop of irradiation and in the post-irradiation period. Repair experiments were initiated by postirradiation addition of dithiothreitol. Additionally, post-irradiation inactivation was modulated by some further additives. Probing the extent of primary and post-irradiation inactivation and repair was accomplished effectively by screening experiments on the microlevel, and by derivation of normalized efficiency parameters which allowed quick comparisons of the various additives with respect to their protective and repair-promotive efficiencies. Correlations between the efficiency parameters were studied by means of binary and ternary diagrams. Most of the substances added before irradiation were found to protect the enzyme against primary and post-irradiation inactivation and to increase the reparability of the enzyme by dithiothreitol, the extent of the effects depending on the nature (and concentration) of the additives used. Our results indicate that both specific protection (by substrates, products, analogues, and by sulfhydryl agents) and scavenging are responsible for the radioprotective efficiencies of the additives.
Ribonucleoside in Milch: Charakterisierung und Bestimmung des Konzentrationsprofils dieser minoren Komponenten über eine Laktationsperiode / Ribonucleosides in Milk: Characterization and Determination of the Concentration Profile of these Minor Components throughout a Lactation Period
Authors: Raezke Kurt-Peter , Schlimme Eckhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The ribonucleosides adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, inosine and uridine as well as the modified components N 1-methyladenosine and N 6 -carbamoylthreonyladenosine were characterized and determined quantitatively as minor constituents in raw bovine milk by use of an automated high performance liquid chromatography system. The studies have shown that except for the colostral phase the ribonucleoside levels are constant throughout the whole lactation period. That means, there is a typical ribonucleoside pattern which is assumed to be speciesspecific.
On the Problem of Season and Cold Dependence of Calcium Transport by Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Agostini Bruno , De Martino Luisa , Hasselbach Wilhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Calcium transport of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum from golden hamsters was studied in January and in June on animals kept at 22 °C under natural photoperiod and in January after cold-acclimation at ±2 °C in the dark for 55 days. Crude homogenates from psoas and soleus muscles and from mixed skeletal muscles were used.
No differences were observed in the calcium storing capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum among the three groups of animals. Kinetic studies on the dependence of the calcium uptake rate on the concentration of free calcium revealed a significant increase of the uptake rates and a decrease of the calcium affinity in the control animals sacrificed in winter as compared to those killed in June. Cold-acclimation in winter leads to a further small reduction of the calcium affinity.
This shift of calcium uptake rate and affinity in the sense of that of a fast-twitch muscle may be related to the functional demands of the cold season and cold-acclimation respectively.
14-Deoxyecdysteroids in an Insect ( Gryllus bimaculatus)
Authors: Hoffmann Klaus H. , Thiry Edeltraud , Lafont Rene 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Following injection or ingestion of [3H]ecdysone and [3H]2O-hydroxyecdysone, respectively, considerable quantities of 14-deoxyecdysteroids could be extracted from gut and faeces of female adult crickets. The compounds were identified as 14-deoxyecdysone and 14-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone on the basis of comigration with reference substances in two HPLC systems and by its mass spectrum (only 14-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone). The 14-dehydroxylation is most probably caused by bacteria from the gut lumen. Feeding of [3H]ecdysone resulted in the appearance of labelled 14-deoxyecdysone also in ovaries, fat body, muscles, and rest of the body.
Production of β-Carboline Alkaloids in Transformed Root Cultures of Peganum harmala L.
Authors: Kuzovkina I. N. , Gohar A. , Alterman I. E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Peganum harmala, Hairy Root Cultures, β-Carboline Alkaloids Hairy root cultures of Peganum harmala were established by genetic transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. In contrast to suspension cultures the root cultures contained high levels of β-carboline alka­ loids (1 -1.5% of dry mass).
Ascorbinsäure-Radikale als Indikator für Waldschäden - EPR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Fichtennadeln in vivo / Ascorbic Acid Radicals as Indicator of Damage to Forest - EPR Investigations o f Spruce Needles in vivo
Authors: Stegmann Hartmut B. , Schuler Paul , Ruff Hans-J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ascorbic Acid Radicals as Indicator of Damage to Forest -EPR Investigations of Spruce Needles in vivo Hartmut B. Stegmann, Paul Schuler
New Flavonoids from the Moss Bryum pseudotriquetrum
Authors: Stein Wolfgang , Zinsmister H. Dietmar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fifteen flavonoids have been isolated from the moss Bryum pseudotriquetrum . The new natural products kaempferol 3-O-galactoside-4 ′-O-glucoside, scutellarein 7-O-glucoside-6′′-malonyl ester, pigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside-6′′-malonyl ester and luteolin 7-O -neohesperi-doside-6″-malonyl ester were amongst them . Flavonols were found for the first time in mosses.
Properties of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) of Mammalian and Bacterial Origin
Authors: Bzowska Agnieszka , Kulikowska Ewa , Shugar David 
Published: August 2018

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), from calf spleen, human erythrocytes and E. coli have been examined with regard to structural requirements of substrates and inhibitors. Kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax/Km) for a variety of N(1) and/or N(7)-methylated analogues of guanosine, inosine and adenosine have been evaluated for all three enzym es. The substrate and/or inhibitor properties of purine riboside, 1,6-dihydropurine riboside, some deazapurine nucleosides: 3-deaza- and 7-deazainosine, 1,3-dideazapurine riboside (ribobenzimidazole), and a variety of acyclonu cleosides, have been determined with mammalian and bacterial enzymes. Overall results indicate distinct similarities of kinetic properties and structural requirements of the two mammalian enzymes, although there are some differences as well. The N(1) and O6 of the purine ring are necessary for substrate-inhibitor activity and constitute a binding site for the mammalian (but not the bacterial) enzymes. Moreover, nucleosides lacking the N(3) undergo phosphorolysis and those lacking N(7) are inhibitors (but not substrates). Methylation of the ring N(7) leads to two overlapping effects: labilization of the glycosidic bond, and impediment to proton ation at this site by the enzyme, a postulated prerequisite for enzymatic phosphorolysis. It is proposed that a histidine interacts with N(1) as a don or and O6 as an acceptor. Alternatively N(1)−H and C(2)−NH2, may serve as donors for hydrogen bonds with a glutam ate residue.
The less specific E. coli enzyme phosphorolyses all purine ring modified nucleosides but 7-deazainosine which is only an inhibitor. On the other hand, the bacterial enzyme exhibits decreased activity towards N(7)-methylated nucleosides and lack of affinity for a majority of the tested acyclonu cleoside inhibitors of the mammalian enzymes. The foregoing results underline the fundamental differences between mammalian and bacterial enzymes, including variations in the binding sites for the purine ring.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Affects the Synthesis, Phosphorylation and in vitro Calmodulin Binding of Myoblast Cytoskeletal Proteins
Authors: Brunner Alicia , Boland Ana R. de 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Incubation of chick embryo myoblasts with 1,25-dihydroxyvitam in D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] (10-10 M , 24 h). markedly stimulated the incorporation of [3H]leucine into total cytoskeletal proteins and this effect was abolished when the sterol treatment was performed in the presence of cycloheximide or actinomycin D. 1,2 5 (OH)2D3 selectively stimulated the de novo synthesis of several proteins with apparent molecular masses (isoelectric points) of 220 kDa (6.1 and 9.7), 150 kDa (7.5), 110 kDa (7.2), 68 kDa (9.5, 7.5 and 4.5), 50 kDa (8.5), 44 kDa (6.3), 27 kDa (7.8) and 15 kDa (5.5). Labelling of proteins with [125I]calmodulin after their separation on SDS-polyacrylamide gels showed that 1,25(O H)2D3-dependent protein of 110 kDa is the major calmodulin-binding component of myoblasts cytoskeleton.
In addition , the sterol increased the phosphorylation of several cytoskeletal proteins including that of 110 and 15 kDa whose synthesis potentiates.
Rat Liver DNase I - Like Activity and Its Interaction with Actin
Authors: Malicka-Błaszkiewicz Maria 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Monomeric G actin, total actin and the F :G actin ratio were determined in the rat liver cytosol and nucleoplasm by measuring the inhibition of standard crystalline DNase I. Actin was purified from rat liver nucleoplasm by Sephadex filtration. Accompanying the considera­ble amount of actin an endogenous DNase I like activity was found in rat liver cytosol and nucleoplasm. It was shown, that similarly to DNase I from bovine pancreas the liver DNase was inhibited by mammalian and avian skeletal muscle actin as well as by endogenous liver actin, as verified by electrophoresis of DNase containing extracts on polyacrylamide gels with incorporated DNA .
Synthesis and Use of Radiolabelled Cyanoacrylate Probes of the Photosystem II Herbicide Binding Site
Authors: McFadden Helen G. , Phillips John N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cyanoacrylates are potent inhibitors of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) and are potentially useful probes of the photosystem II herbicide binding site. A series of cyanoacrylates was synthesized and the Hill inhibition activities evaluated in order to select compounds suita­ble for radioactive synthesis. A cyanoacrylate, 2-(2-nitrophenoxy)ethyl 3-benzylamino-2-cyano-2-pentenoate, was found to displace diuron from the photosystem II herbicide binding site. For this compound the dissociation constant of the inhibitor/binding site complex was found to be 2 × 10-8 M with an active site concentration of 2 nmol/mg chlorophyll. In a similar system the corresponding figures for diuron were 1.2 × 10-8 m and 1.3 nmol/mg chlorophyll. Photoaffinity labelling of 1% II thylakoid proteins with 2-(2-azidophenoxy)ethyl 3-[7-14C]-benzylamino-2-cyano-2-pentenoate showed weak binding in the 32 and 28 kD mass regions, consistent with binding to the D, peptide.
Excretion into the Culture Medium of a Bacillus ß-Glucanase after Overproduction in Escherichia coli
Authors: Riethdorf Sabine , Ulrich Andreas , Völker Uwe , Hecker Michael 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The β-glucanase gene (bgl) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was expressed in E. coli CSH 55 under the control of the PR promoter of phage λ that is repressed by the thermosensitive repressor C1857. Production of β-glucanase was drastically stimulated by a temperature shift to 42 C. This overexpression of the bgl gene (about 20% of the total cellular protein) led to an almost complete excretion of the otherwise periplasmic protein into the extracellular medium, β-glucanase accounted for more than 50% of the extracellular proteins. Col E 1 related plasmid (pEG 1) are amplified in E. coli relA strains in response to an amino acid limitation leading to a 10-fold increase in the activity of plasmid encoded genes. In this work we intended to maximize the expression of the bgl gene by a concerted action of a plasmid amplification and temperature induction. Surprisingly we could not increase the β-glucanase production above the level reached by plasmid amplification or temperature in­duction alone. The reasons for this unexpected result will be discussed. Under all conditions tested the expression of the bgl gene was much lower in the E. coli rel A strain NF 162 than in E. coli CSH 55; the low β-glucanase production was accompanied by a reduced excretion rate of the enzyme.
The Effect of Phytohormones and Sucrose Supply on the Induction of Tryptophan Decarboxylase in Developing Embryos of Juglans regia L
Authors: Lachmann Kay Uwe , Grosse Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The de novo synthesis of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) (EC 4.1.1.27) in cotyledons of Juglans regia L. was accelerated at an earlier stage of development by harvesting immature fruits. After a lag phase of 6 h TDC activity became detectable in isolated cotyledons and reached values of about 5 nkat · g FW-1 following a 24 h incubation in double-distilled water. The TDC synthesis was suppressed to about 20% by supplying the incubation medium with 2 to 6% sucrose. Phytohormones were also involved in the regulation of TDC synthesis. A highly sensitive reaction was observed with a 50% suppression resulting from an external supply of 1 x 10-8
M gibberellic acid (GA3). Abscisic acid (ABA) was much less effective, reaching a similar level of suppression only at an unphysiologically high concentration of about 6 x 10-5
M. ABA, however, became one order of magnitude more effective when supplied together with sucrose. In contrast to GA3 and ABA, an exogenous supply of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) stimulated TDC synthesis significantly at a concentration of 1 x 10-7
M. From these in vitro studies and earlier measurements of internal ABA concentrations as well as incorporation of [3H]tryptophan into IAA. we hypothesize a regulatory effect of assimilate supply and phyto- hormones on TDC biosynthesis in developing embryos of walnut (Juglans regia L.).
Surface Structure and Chemical Composition of Leaf Waxes from Quercus robur L., Acer pseudoplatanus L. and Jug Ians regia L
Authors: Prasad R. B. N. , Gülz Paul-Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The leaves of three deciduous broadleaf trees namely Quercus rohur L. (oak), Acer pseudo- platanus L. (maple) and Juglans regia L. (walnut) have different wax surface structures with different chemical compositions. On both the upper and lower side of the oak leaf, crystalloid platelets with sharp fringed edges were observed. Maple and walnut leaf surfaces showed quite different crystalloid arrangements on the upper and the lower side of the leaves. On the lower side of the maple leaf crystalloid platelets in form of lumps were found, whereas the upper side showed no crystalloids. Walnut leaves exhibited dense platelets with rounded edges on the upper side but not on the lower side.
Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth, V Possible Allelopathic Effects of Compounds from Thuja occidentalis
Authors: Oster Ulrike , Spraul Martin , Rüdiger Wolfhart 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Volatile compounds which are released from fresh leaves of Thuja occidentalis inhibited germination of seeds of Amaranthus caudatus and Lepidium sativum. The volatile compounds were obtained by a vacuum method applied to the leaves, by direct analysis of the content of secretory organs and by solvent extraction of leaves. The bioactive compounds proved to be monoterpenes. The highest bioactivity were found for alcoholic compounds followed by ketones, esters and finally hydrocarbons. Non-volatile germination inhibitors which were ex- tracted with hot water were abscisic acid (3-4 µg/g fresh weight of leaves), and two oxidation products of thujone, 2-[2′-acetyl-l′-isopropyl]cyclopropylacetic acid (“Thujaketosaure”) and 3-isopropyl-5-oxohex-2-enoic acid. These compounds could also be prepared from thujone. The relationship of these compounds with possible allelopathic effects of Thuja occidentalis is discussed.
Fulvoferruginin, a Carotane Antibiotic from Marasmius fulvoferrugineus Gilliam [1]
Authors: Klein Joachim , Anke Timm , Sheldrick William S. , Bross Monika , Steffan Bert , Steglich Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The structure of fulvoferruginin (1), a carotane derivative from cultures of Marasmius fulvoferrugineus, has been established by spectroscopic investigations and an X -ray structure analysis. 1 exhibits antibacterial, antifungal. and cytotoxic activities.
Hyaluronic Acid-Like Substance from Mouse Ovaries with Angiogenic Activity
Authors: Sato Eimei , Miyamoto Hajime , Koide Samuel S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans prepared from extracts of non-luleal mouse ovaries (JCL-ICR strain) were assayed for neovascularization by implanting Elvax films, impregnated with test samples, on the lateral wall of the sheath of m. rectus abdominis in adult mice of the same strain. Neovascularization occurred in a dose-dependent manner. When purified by chromatography on Dowcx 1-x 2 and DEAE Sephadex columns, fractions eluted with 0.5 M NaCl showed strong ncovascularizing activity. On further purification by high performance liquid chromatography using TSK gel DEAE 2SW column, the fraction with a retention time nearly coincident with that of hyaluronic acid possessed high ncovascularizing activity. The activity of this fraction was markedly reduced when treated with streptococcal hyaluronidase. The present results suggest that glycosaminoglycans, especially a hyaluronic acid-like substance, are involved in ovarian neovascularization.