bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Profile and Cost Savings of Long-Term Care in a Spanish Hospital: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Mira José Joaquín , García-Torres Daniel , Bonell-Guerrero María del Mar , Cáceres-Sevilla Ana Isabel , Ramirez-Sanz Martina , Martínez-Lleo Rosa , Carratalá Concepción 
Published: November 2024

Background
Long-term care hospitals have been considered an efficient response to the health care needs of an increasingly aging population. These centers are expected to contribute to better hospital bed management and more personalized care for patients needing continuous care. The evaluation of their outcomes is necessary after a sufficient period to assess their impact. Hospitals for Acute and Chronic Long-Term Extended Stay (HACLES) emerged in Spain in the late 20th century as a response to the aging population and the increase in chronic diseases.

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the profile of patients treated in a HACLES, particularly analyzing gender differences, and evaluate the cost savings associated with using these centers.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted based on data from patients 65 years old or older admitted to a HACLES between 2022 and 2023. Gender, age, household cohabitation data, diagnosis and comorbidity, daily medication intake, and degree of dependency were obtained to describe the profile of patients who attended the HACLES. Data coded in SIA-Abucasis (version 37.00.03; Consellería Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana; a digital medical record system used in the Valencian region) were reviewed, and descriptive statistics and comparison tests were used. The direct cost savings of HACLES admissions were calculated by comparing the daily cost of a general hospital bed with that of a HACLES bed.

Results
Data from 123 patients with a mean age of 77 years were analyzed. Most (n=81, 65.9%) had a cohabiting family member as their primary caregiver. Palliative care was the most frequent reason for admission (n=75, 61%). The mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] 61.8, 95% CI 53.2-70.5) was similar between men and women (OR 54.1, 95% CI 47.8-71.5 vs OR 59.7, 95% CI 42.2-66.0; P=.23). The cognitive assessment, using the Pfeiffer scale, improved at discharge (mean 3.2, SD 3.2 vs mean 2.5, SD 3.1; P=.003). The length of stay was significantly larger for patients who returned home compared with patients discharged to other facilities (mean 89.8, SD 58.2 versus mean 33.1, SD 43.1 days; P<.001). The direct cost savings were estimated at US $42,614,846 per 1000 admissions.

Conclusions
Patients typically treated in HACLES are older, with a high level of cognitive impairment and physical dependency, and a significant proportion are in palliative care, highlighting the importance of adapting care to the individual needs of the admitted patients. The HACLES model contributes to the sustainability of the public health system.
Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Home Dialysis Compared With In-Center Hemodialysis
Authors: Bitar Wisam , Helve Jaakko , Haapio Mikko , Rauta Virpi , Honkanen Eero , Finne Patrik 
Published: November 2024

Key Points

We observed a comparable cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) in in-center hemodialysis (IC-HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, which was higher than in automated PD and home hemodialysis patients.After adjustment for confounders, there was no difference in risk of MACE between patients on home dialysis modalities and IC-HD.Compared with IC-HD, PD was associated with lower risk of MACE among female patients and higher risk among male patients.

Background
Among dialysis patients, cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death. Little is known about how the frequency and type of cardiovascular events differ between various dialysis modalities. We compared risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients who started continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), and home hemodialysis with in-center hemodialysis (IC-HD) patients.

Methods
We included 968 patients who entered dialysis in the Helsinki-Uusimaa health care district in Finland from 2004 to 2017, of whom 162 were on CAPD, 229 on APD, 145 on home hemodialysis, and 432 on IC-HD at day 90 from the start of dialysis. MACE was defined as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or death due to cardiovascular disease. The cumulative incidence of the first MACE was calculated. Cox regression was used to compare risk of MACE between dialysis modalities with adjustment for potential confounding factors.

Results
Of all 968 patients, 195 (20%) experienced a MACE during the entire follow-up and 62 (6%) during the first year of follow-up. The cumulative incidence of first MACE was similar in IC-HD and CAPD patients and higher than that in APD and home hemodialysis patients. After adjustment for possible confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) of MACE was 1.22 (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.73 to 2.05) for CAPD, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.47 to 1.57) for APD and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.30 to 1.50) for home hemodialysis compared with IC-HD. Unexpectedly, compared with IC-HD, peritoneal dialysis associated with lower risk of MACE among female patients (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.99) and higher risk among male patients (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.92).

Conclusions
In this cohort, the risk of MACE was comparable across in-center and home dialysis modalities. However, the result differed between male patients and female patients, which requires further research.
Gadskārtējā Artura Ozola dienas konference Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātē
Authors: Leikuma Lidija , Vanags Pēteris 
Published: November 2024

Rakstā īsumā atreferēta Jāņa Endzelīna 150. dzimšanas dienas atcerei veltītā starptautiskā Artura Ozola dienas koference, kas notika LU Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātē 2023. gada 16.–17. martā. Konferencē piedalījās valodnieki no Latvijas, Lietuvas un Japānas. Referātos tika aplūkots Jāņa Endzelīna devums latviešu valodniecībā, īpaši viņa gramatikas „Lettische Grammatik“ (1922, 1923) tapšanas un papildināšanas vēsture. Citi referēti bija veltīti baltu valodu gramatikas, vārddarināšanas, dialektoloģijas, terminoloģijas, valodas vēstures un vairāku citu valodniecības jomu izpētes aktuālām problēmām.
<i>Tvert </i>un tā atvasinājumi latviešu valodas senajos tekstos: nozīmes attīstība
Authors: Trumpa Anta 
Published: November 2024

Šis raksta mērķis ir, analizējot verbu tvert un tā atvasinājumu semantiku latviešu valodas senajos tekstos un izšķirot vairākas semantiskās grupas, mēģināt noteikt to nozīmes attīstību, konstatēt, vai īpatnējās, šiem tekstiem raksturīgās nozīmes ir avotteksta ietekmēti kalki vai arī patstāvīgas latviešu valodas nozīmes, kas līdz mūsdienām ir zudušas, noteikt vai jau senajos tekstos šiem vārdiem ir vērojams metaforisks lietojums, konkrētas, fizisku darbību izsakošas nozīmes verbam iegūstot abstraktu, kognitīvu darbību raksturojošu nozīmi.
Rakstā tika secināts, ka: verbi tvert, tverties 16. un 17. gadsimta tekstos galvenokārt lietoti ar nozīmēm ‘tvert, ķert’; ‘turēt’; ‘glābties’, arī atvasinājumos ir redzama tā pati semantika. Nozīmes attīstība acīmredzot ir bijusi ‘tvert, ķert’ → ‘turēt, turēties’ → ‘patverties, glābties’.
Lai gan atsevišķos gadījumos, piemēram, verbam satvert, ir novērojams metaforisks nozīmes pārnesums, tomēr lielākoties tvert un tā atvasinājumi senajos tekstos apzīmē fizisku, nevis kognitīvu darbību izsakošus jēdzienus. Kognitīvas nozīmes atsevišķi šīs saknes vārdi latviešu valodā – aptvert un uztvert – ieguvuši jau vairākus gadsimtus pēc veclatviešu rakstu valodas perioda – 19. gadsimta beigās un 20. gadsimta sākumā. Atsevišķos gadījumos 17. gadsimtā atvasinājumi no tvert ir kalki no avotteksta un parasti tie ir okazionāli lietojumi (piemēram, satvert ‘sacerēt, sarakstīt’ < vācu verfassen ‘tas pats’, aiztvert ‘uzbrukt’ < vācu angreifen ‘tas pats’). 17. gadsimtā jēdziena ‘glābiņš, patvērums’ izteikšanai rakstu valodā jau bija nostiprinājies vārds patvērums, tomēr izloksnēs gan 17. gadsimtā, gan arī 18. un 19. gadsimtā pastāvēja diezgan liela sinonīmu dažādība, kas līdz mūsdienām jau zudusi.
THE EFFECTS OF CANNABIDIOL IN THE TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pedrosa Sybelle , De Souza Sena Géssica , Amancio Henrique Damasceno Rodrigues Amancio , Tenório da Silva Daniel , Viviane Batista de Lacerda Isabelle 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: There are some types of structurally similar cannabinoids, although with different pharmacological actions. Studies demonstrate how cannabidiol has great therapeutic potential against epilepsy. Objectives: This review aimed to assess the use of cannabidiol in the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy. Methods: The review was conducted and based on the search of scientific articles in the PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and Science Direct electronic databases. Were included articles in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, made available in full and for free within the period from 2009 to 2019, allowing only clinical trials. Results: All articles included in the review reported that the experimental groups obtained a favorable result with cannabidiol compared with the placebo during the experimental period. The most common adverse events observed were somnolence, decreased appetite, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection and pyrexia. The severe adverse events mentioned were elevated concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Conclusion: The administration of cannabidiol as a complementary anticonvulsant medication is capable to reduce epileptic seizures, especially when epilepsy is resistant to pharmacological treatment. Thus, more effective and safe guide for development of new anticonvulsant drugs, derived from Cannabis Sativa, will improve the quality of life of patients with epilepsy.
Cultura do Cancelamento, Cancel Culture e Cultura de la Cancelación:
Authors: Mancoso Kaique , Caldas Wania , Lycarião Diogenes 
Published: November 2024

Neste artigo, nos propomos a responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: como a Cultura do Cancelamento (CC) nas redes sociais digitais vem sendo pesquisada pela comunidade acadêmico-científica, dentro das Ciências Humanas? Foi, então, realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura, combinada com análise de conteúdo, em 24 artigos. Os resultados demonstram que a CC começou a ser estudada a partir de 2020 e que o Brasil e os EUA são os que mais produzem pesquisas a respeito desse tema, com 8 artigos cada. Dados mostram que a maioria dos trabalhos (54%) não possuem como corpus Eventos Específicos de Cancelamento (EVC) e, portanto, têm uma abordagem mais teórica. Os países EUA, Canadá e Brasil (33%) são os principais palcos de EVCs. As figuras públicas são as mais estudadas (28%). O Twitter apareceu como a principal plataforma para fonte de dados (28%).
Light-induced rearrangement from macrocyclic to bicyclic lactam: A case study of N-chlorinated laurolactam
Authors: Zubčić Gabrijel , Pavić Kristina , You Jiangyang , Vrček Valerije , Portada Tomislav , Bešić Erim , Šakić Davor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Converting macrocycle lactams into bicyclic lactams is proposed as an additional way to further increase the metabolic stability of peptide-based drugs. Unfortunately, the synthesis of bicyclic lactams has to start almost from scratch. This study explores the Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag (HLF) reaction mechanism and products as a potential late-stage functionalisation strategy for facile conversion of macrocyclic to bicyclic ring. Laurolactam, a macrocyclic amide, exhibits significant potential for transformation into bioactive bicyclic structures with smaller, β-, γ-, δ-, and ε-lactam rings, further increasing rigidity and hydrolytic stability. With irradiation provided by a 370 nm lamp, light-induced rearrangement reaction was monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), while involved radical intermediates were trapped using N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) spin-trap and characterised via EPR. While only two radical adduct types were identified in the electron para magnetic resonance (EPR) (C-centered radical and chlorine radical), all eight possible products are observed in the NMR. Quantum chemical calculations provide deeper insights into reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, explaining why the N-centered radical was not observed. This research highlights the feasibility of using the HLF reaction to transform macrocyclic lactams into stable bicyclic drug candidates, paving the way for new therapeutic developments.
An Innovative Approach to Teaching Environmental Education Through Mind-Mapping and Creating Radio Programming
Authors: Uyulgan Melis Arzu , Güven Nalan Akkuzu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The primary aims of environmental education and courses at universities are for students to develop an environmental mentality and to be able to apply that mindset to solving real-world issues. In this study, pre-service elementary students participated in active learning environments through creating educational radio program activities by researching scientific information on seven topics: water, air soil, global warming, population, green chemistry and artificial intelligence. Presentations of their radio programs were followed by construction of mind maps to exhibit knowledge of the environmental concepts they had learned. This approach demonstrated useful knowledge for future classroom applications for teaching about environmental issues. Mind maps were used to help university students establish patterns between concepts and thoughts, understand cause-effect relationships, and organize and systematize their complex knowledge about environmental issues. A case study design was implemented. Participants were second-year students enrolled in a public university's Elementary Teaching Program in Izmir, Turkey. Results indicated that the incorporation of educational radio activities with mind maps to consider the most prominent environmental education issues and their alternative solutions raised students' awareness of how lesser-known issues are related to the environment. Students concentrated on a cognitive and affective process; learning to look at multidimensional environmental issues from many viewpoints by adding new concepts to those they previously knew.
Taxing Dividends in the Nordics: Norway, an Oddity?
Authors: Zimmer Frederik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Norwegian dividend tax regime is uniquely characterized by the so-called shielding allowance, which implies that the shareholders are entitled to receive a nearly risk-free yield of the investment without tax, unlike the rest of the dividend. This article attempts to evaluate the arguments behind these rules. These arguments are embedded in economic theory on neutrality; in particular, the issue is to what extent the dividend tax increases the financial costs of a company. The Norwegian and international debates among economists show that the central issue today is to what extent the company’s financial cost is decided on international or domestic financial markets. In the former case, the Norwegian dividend tax does not affect the company’s financial cost. Arguments against the shielding allowance regime are also evaluated. The article ends with a brief discussion of a recent proposal to extend the shielding allowance regime to all types of capital income or to some of them.
Análise dos impactos ambientais ocasionados por empresas: Revisão de literatura
Authors: Ávila Oliveira Paulo Vinícius , Silveira Ana Luiza , Ferreira Nascimento Beatriz , Saraiva Silva Alexandria Filipe , Ribeiro Quesada Gabrielle , Cardoso Santana Maria Eduarda , Spiandorello Simone Cristina , Lúcia Damasceno de Oliveira Laira 
Published: November 2024

Os impactos ambientais são mudanças negativas no meio ambiente que resultam de atividades antrópicas, como a construção de infraestrutura, extração de recursos naturais, diminuição dos mananciais, erosões, extinção de espécies, poluição, agravamento do efeito estufa e destruição de habitats. Esses impactos podem ter efeitos devastadores no ecossistema e afetar a vida de animais e plantas, podendo ocasionar, também, prejuízos financeiros e danos à reputação da empresa impulsionando a evasão de investidores avessos a manter capital em organizações que não adotam boas práticas ESG. Este estudo objetivou analisar o engajamento das empresas com o meio ambiente, mostrando o quão perigosas algumas ações, ou sua ausência, podem ser. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre três desastres ambientais envolvendo empresas de grande porte, que são: o rompimento da barragem da Mina Córrego do Feijão, em Brumadinho/MG, causado pela empresa Vale que ocasionou 272 mortes e espalhou dejetos por toda a bacia do rio Paraopeba; o vazamento de óleo que ocorreu na Bacia de Campos/RJ, ocasionado pela petrolífera Chevron que gerou a contaminação da água e morte de animais marinhos; e o caso JBS de emissão de gás metano que gera o efeito estufa com danos irreparáveis ao meio ambiente. A seleção dos casos considerou os critérios metodológicos descritos adiante e a repercussão dos casos na comunidade acadêmica que produziu um número relevante de estudos utilizados nesse levantamento, e que possibilitaram a constatação de que as práticas ambientais devem ser realizadas de acordo com a legislação a fim de promover a preservação do meio ambiente, além do cumprimento das normas ambientais. Espera-se sensibilizar outras empresas a adotarem medidas para reduzir ou eliminar tais impactos, visando proteger o meio ambiente e assegurar o desenvolvimento sustentável.
A retrospective analysis of response rates and predictors of response to rituximab in management of primary immune thrombocytopenia: Second line and beyond
Authors: Verma Shailendra Prasad , Pavecha Punita , Tripathi Anil Kumar , Singh Bhupendra Kumar , Shukla Avaneesh , Verma Durga Prasad , Chauhan Aparajita Singh , Kushwaha Rashmi , Ora Manish 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
Rituximab is an important second-line option for the treatment of chronic/persistent primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This study aimed to analyze the overall response rates (ORRs) and various factors affecting progression-free survival with rituximab treatment. This can help choose this drug as a second-line option for the best-suited candidates.

Material and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed our departmental data of 25 ITP patients treated with rituximab between 2012 and 2020. All patients received rituximab post-first line. Patients with chronic or persistent ITP receiving at least 4 weekly doses of rituximab were included in the study. Patients receiving both low-dose and standard-dose rituximab were included in the study.

Results:
The median age of patients was 25 years, with a male-female ratio of 1:2. Most patients received rituximab as third-line (56%) or fourth-line (36%) treatment option. Overall, the long-term response rate at a median follow-up of 47.6 months was 60%, while the early response rate at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 6 months from the first dose of rituximab was 80%, 60%, and 60%, respectively. Forty per cent of patients could maintain a platelet count >50 × 109/L at 6 months and in the long term. Response at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, early use of rituximab (<12 months), and age >20 years were associated with significantly better progression-free survival.

Conclusion:
Rituximab is still a very promising option for primary ITP. Short and definite duration of treatment, good safety profile, and impressive ORRs make this agent a viable option for ITP patients in the current era. Response at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, early use of rituximab (<12 months), and age >20 years were associated with significantly better progression-free survival.
Расчет задержек в межсоединениях цифровых БИС с учётом электротепловых эффектов
Authors: К.О. Петросянц , Е.И. Батаруева , Н.И. Рябов 
Published: November 2024

В работе ставится задача создания программного обеспечения для моделирования задержек в межсоединениях СБИС с учётом температурных эффектов. Используется модель межсоединения в виде распределённой RC-цепи, параметры которой зависят от распределения температуры на поверхности кристалла, которое рассчитывается с помощью программы «Перегрев - МС». Исходя из распределения температуры вдоль межсоединения, рассчитываются параметры его модели - сопротивления и ёмкости звеньев RC цепи, что позволяет учитывать влияние неравномерного разогрева кристалла на электрические свойства межсоединения. Для упрощения модели межсоединений и уменьшения времени счета многозвенная RC-модель редуцирована в компактную П-образную эквивалентную схему с температурно-зависимыми параметрами. Показано, что погрешность по амплитуде сигнала при переходе к П-образной схеме составляет не более 7%, по фазе 2%. При этом время счета сокращается на 25-30%.
General purpose of this work is development of program tools for delay modeling in LSI interconnections with account for thermal effects. Authors use the interconnection model in the form of distributed RC-circuit, which parameters depends on the chip surface temperature distribution. The chip surface temperature is calculated by program tool “Overheat-MC”. Interconnection model parameters - resistances and capacitances of RC circuit sections, are calculated on the basis of temperature distribution along the interconnection. This approach allows to take into account the influence of chip non-uniform overheat on interconnection electrical characteristics. For the simplification of interconnection model and CPU time decreasing the multi-sectional RC - model reduced to compact Pi-shaped equivalent circuit with temperature-depended parameters. It is shown that in conversion to Pi-shaped circuit, the signal magnitude error is at most 7%, the signal phase error is 2%. In this case CPU time decreases on 25-30%.
Система тестирования логических моделей KMDTESTKIT
Authors: С.А. Сидоров , А.Б. Слепов 
Published: November 2024

Описана Система тестирования KMDTESTKIT для программной верификации логических моделей систем на кристалле. Изложены основные задачи, решаемые системой и способы решения, ее состав и структура.
Described KMDTESTKIT - Logic model test system for verification of RTL-models of System-on-Chip by software. Illustrated structure and main features of system.
О специальных решениях уравнений в подгруппах конечного поля
Authors: Ю.Н. Штейников 
Published: November 2024

Излагается подход к изучению величины, связанной с числом решений специальных уравнений в конечных множествах и некоторых обобщений.
An approach is presented to the study of the density of sets with good multiplicative properties.
Исследование процессов самоорганизации в эволюционной модели прозрачной децентрализованной экономики
Authors: З. Б. Сохова , В. Г. Редько 
Published: November 2024

В статье предлагается модель взаимодействия инвесторов и производителей в децентрализованной прозрачной экономической системе. Анализируются процессы эволюции и самоорганизации в данном сообществе. Предложен конкретный механизм распределения капитала инвесторов между производителями. Важной особенностью модели является прозрачность и децентрализация. Инвесторы и производители открыто обмениваются информацией о своих капиталах, эффективностях и намерениях с помощью легких агентов-посланников. Модель исследована с помощью компьютерного моделирования, результаты которого демонстрируют эффективность рассматриваемого механизма
The article suggests a model of interaction between investors and producers in a decentralized transparent economic system. The processes of evolution and self-organization in this community are analyzed. A specific mechanism for allocating investor capital between producers is proposed. An important feature of the model is transparency and decentralization. Investors and producers openly share information about their capital, efficiency and intentions with the help of light messenger agents. The model was studied using computer simulation, the results of which demonstrate the effectiveness of the mechanism under consideration