bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of charge density distributions of metal ions on single water molecule dissociation of [M(H2O)6]3+ systems
Authors: Kuncoro Handoko Setyo , Sakaue Mamoru , Kasai Hideaki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Some effects of cationic charge density distribution on single water molecule dissociation of [M(H2O)6]3+ clusters with M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni have been investigated using first-principles study. The molecular structures, molecular binding energies, hydration enthalpies, cation and water molecules orbitals, infrared vibrational frequencies, and potential energy surfaces/curves had been computed to fulfill the purpose of research. Our investigation results have revealed that the hollow shape of charge density of central Cr(III) makes the Cr-O bonds rigid as indicated by a higher activation energy for releasing one water molecule from [Cr(H2O)6]3+. The isotropic charge density of Fe(III) affects in lowering water rotational rigidities which is responsible for augmenting the activation energy, while the cones-shape charge density of Ni(III) weakens the ion-dipole interactions by increasing interactions between nearest neighbour water molecules.
The unified soliton system as the AdS2 system
Authors: Hayashi Masahito , Shigemoto Kazuyasu , Tsukioka Takuya 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We study the Riemann geometric approach to be aimed at unifying soliton systems. The general two-dimensional Einstein equation with a constant negative scalar curvature becomes an integrable differential equation. We show that such Einstein equation includes KdV/mKdV/sine-Gordon equations.
Size, Shape, and Distribution of Multivesicular Bodies in the Juvenile Rat Somatosensory Cortex: A 3D Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Turegano-Lopez M , Santuy A , DeFelipe J , Merchan-Perez A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultivesicular bodies (MVBs) are membrane-bound organelles that belong to the endosomal pathway. They participate in the transport, sorting, storage, recycling, degradation, and release of multiple substances. They interchange cargo with other organelles and participate in their renovation and degradation. We have used focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to obtain stacks of serial sections from the neuropil of the somatosensory cortex of the juvenile rat. Using dedicated software, we have 3D-reconstructed 1618 MVBs. The mean density of MVBs was 0.21 per cubic micron. They were unequally distributed between dendrites (39.14%), axons (18.16%), and nonsynaptic cell processes (42.70%). About one out of five MVBs (18.16%) were docked on mitochondria, representing the process by which the endosomal pathway participates in mitochondrial maintenance. Other features of MVBs, such as the presence of tubular protrusions (6.66%) or clathrin coats (19.74%) can also be interpreted in functional terms, since both are typical of early endosomes. The sizes of MVBs follow a lognormal distribution, with differences across cortical layers and cellular compartments. The mean volume of dendritic MVBs is more than twice as large as the volume of axonic MVBs. In layer I, they are smaller, on average, than in the other layers.
The application of geographic information systems (ArcGIS) in selecting locations for installing banners and billboards in a health campaign
Authors: Sadeghi Reza , Mazloomy-Mahmoodabad Seyed-Saeed , Rezaeian Mohsen , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Khanjani Narges 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the geographic information system (GIS) application has used the latest spatial data to help researchers make the right decisions in the shortest time. This study was conducted with the aim of using geographic information systems (ArcGIS) for selecting the best location for installing banners and billboards in a health campaign. This research was an analytical and applied research conducted in Sirjan city, Iran in 2018. In this research, GIS and fuzzy logic methods were used. In order to implement the fuzzy operator in the GIS environment, initially, the main influencing criteria in location selection were determined. Then the weighted layers were put on top of each other and, by considering the sub criteria, the most suitable places to install banners and billboards were identified in the final map. The final map showed the best places to install billboards and educational banners for the ‘hookah is the enemy of health’ campaign. The final number of these places was 30 according to the main criteria, and the number was reduced to 25 places, after considering the sub criteria. ArcGIS can be used in selecting the best locations for installing banners and billboards in a health campaign.
Evidence That Blunted CD4 T-Cell Responses Underlie Deficient Protective Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccines in Repeatedly Vaccinated Human Subjects
Authors: Richards Katherine A , Shannon Ian , Treanor John J , Yang Hongmei , Nayak Jennifer L , Sant Andrea J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Despite the benefits of yearly influenza vaccination, accumulating evidence suggests that diminished vaccine efficacy may be related to repeated vaccination. Although studied at the level of B-cell responses, CD4 T-cell responses have not yet been examined. In this study, we analyze CD4 T-cell responses to influenza vaccination in subjects who differ in their vaccine history. We find a striking disparity in their responses, with previously vaccinated subjects exhibiting significantly blunted CD4 T-cell responses and diminished antibody responses. These results suggest that limiting CD4 T-cell help mteaserrlie the diminished or altered antibody responses in repeatedly vaccinated subjects.
Efficacy of Active Immunization With Attenuated α-Hemolysin and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in a Rabbit Model of Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing Pneumonia
Authors: Tran Vuvi G , Venkatasubramaniam Arundhathi , Adhikari Rajan P , Krishnan Subramaniam , Wang Xing , Le Vien T M , Le Hoan N , Vu Trang T T , Schneider-Smith Erika , Aman M Javad , Diep Binh An 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen causing infections in humans with various degrees of severity, with pneumonia being one of the most severe infections. In as much as staphylococcal pneumonia is a disease driven in large part by α-hemolysin (Hla) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), we evaluated whether active immunization with attenuated forms of Hla (HlaH35L/H48L) alone, PVL components (LukS-PVT28F/K97A/S209A and LukF-PVK102A) alone, or combination of all 3 toxoids could prevent lethal challenge in a rabbit model of necrotizing pneumonia caused by the USA300 community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Rabbits vaccinated with Hla toxoid alone or PVL components alone were only partially protected against lethal pneumonia, whereas those vaccinated with all 3 toxoids had 100% protection against lethality. Vaccine-mediated protection correlated with induction of polyclonal antibody response that neutralized not only α-hemolysin and PVL, but also other related toxins, produced by USA300 and other epidemic MRSA clones.
ABC transporter OsABCG18 controls the shootward transport of cytokinins and grain yield in rice
Authors: Zhao Jiangzhe , Yu Ningning , Ju Min , Fan Biao , Zhang Yanjun , Zhu Engao , Zhang Mengyuan , Zhang Kewei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cytokinins are one of the most important phytohormones and play essential roles in multiple life processes in planta. Root-derived cytokinins are transported to the shoots via long-distance transport. The mechanisms of long-distance transport of root-derived cytokinins remain to be demonstrated. In this study, we report that OsABCG18, a half-size ATP-binding cassette transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.), is essential for the long-distance transport of root-derived cytokinins. OsABCG18 encodes a plasma membrane protein and is primarily expressed in the vascular tissues of the root, stem, and leaf midribs. Cytokinin profiling, as well as [14C]trans-zeatin tracer, and xylem sap assays, demonstrated that the shootward transport of root-derived cytokinins was significantly suppressed in the osabcg18 mutants. Transport assays in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) indicated that OsABCG18 exhibited efflux transport activities for various substrates of cytokinins. While the mutation reduced root-derived cytokinins in the shoot and grain yield, overexpression of OsABCG18 significantly increased cytokinins in the shoot and improved grain yield. The findings for OsABCG18 as a transporter for long-distance transport of cytokinin provide new insights into the cytokinin transport mechanism and a novel strategy to increase cytokinins in the shoot and promote grain yield.
Asteroseismology of tidally distorted sdB stars
Authors: Preece Holly P , Jeffery C Simon , Tout Christopher A 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Most subdwarf B stars are located in post-common envelope binaries. Many are in short-period systems subject to tidal influence, and many show pulsations useful for asteroseismic inference. In combination, one must quantify when and how tidal distortion affects the normal modes. We present a method for computing tidal distortion and associated frequency shifts. Validation is by application to polytropes and comparison with previous work. For typical sdB stars, a tidal distortion to the radius of between $0.2\,$ and $2\,$ per cent is generated for orbital periods of 0.1 d. Application to numerical helium core-burning stars identifies the period and mass-ratio domain where tidal frequency shifts become significant and quantifies those shifts in terms of binary properties and pulsation modes. Tidal shifts disrupt the symmetric form of rotationally split multiplets by introducing an asymmetric offset to modes. Tides do not affect the total spread of a rotationally split mode unless the stars are rotating sufficiently slowly that the rotational splitting is smaller than the tidal splitting.
The case of NGC 6302: the impact of shocks in the derivation of nitrogen abundances
Authors: Lago P J A , Costa R D D , Faúndez-Abans M , Maciel W J 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
High nitrogen abundance is characteristic of Type I planetary nebulae, as well as their highly filamentary structure. In the present work, we test the hypothesis of shocks as a relevant excitation mechanism for a Type I nebula, NGC 6302, using recently released diagnostic diagrams to distinguish shocks from photoexcitation. The construction of the diagrams depends on emission-line ratios and kinematical information. NGC 6302 shows the relevance of shocks in peripheral regions and their importance to the whole nebula. Using shocks, we question the usual assumption of ionization correction factor calculation, justifying a warning regarding broadly used abundance derivation methods. From kinematical analysis, we derive a new distance for NGC 6302 of $805\pm 143\,$ pc.
Stellar bars in counter-rotating dark matter haloes: the role of halo orbit reversals
Authors: Collier Angela , Shlosman Isaac , Heller Clayton 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Disc galaxies can exchange angular momentum and baryons with their host dark matter (DM) haloes. These haloes possess internal spin, λ, which is insignificant rotationally but does affect interactions between the baryonic and DM components. While statistics of prograde and retrograde spinning haloes in galaxies is not available at present, the existence of such haloes is important for galaxy evolution. In the previous works, we analysed dynamical and secular evolution of stellar bars in prograde spinning haloes and the DM response to the bar perturbation, and found that it is modified by the resonant interactions between the bar and the DM halo orbits. In this work, we follow the evolution of stellar bars in retrograde haloes. We find that this evolution differs substantially from evolution in rigid unresponsive haloes, discussed in the literature. First, we confirm that the bar instability is delayed progressively along the retrograde λ sequence. Secondly, the bar evolution in the retrograde haloes differs also from that in the prograde haloes, in that the bars continue to grow substantially over the simulation time of 10 Gyr. The DM response is also substantially weaker compared to this response in the prograde haloes. Thirdly, using orbital spectral analysis of the DM orbital structure, we find a phenomenon we call the orbit reversal – when retrograde DM orbits interact with the stellar bar, reverse their streaming and precession, and become prograde. This process dominates the inner halo region adjacent to the bar and allows these orbits to be trapped by the bar, thus increasing efficiency of angular momentum transfer by the inner Lindblad resonance. We demonstrate this reversal process explicitly in a number of examples.
Evolution of neutral oxygen during the epoch of reionization and its use in estimating the neutral hydrogen fraction
Authors: Doughty Caitlin , Finlator Kristian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We use synthetic sightlines drawn through snapshots of the Technicolour Dawn simulations to explore how the statistics of neutral oxygen (${\mathrm{O}\,{\small I}}$) absorbers respond to hydrogen reionization. The ionization state of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) initially roughly tracks that of the intergalactic medium, but beginning at z = 8 the CGM grows systematically more neutral owing to self-shielding. Weak absorbers trace diffuse gas that lies farther from haloes, hence they are ionized first, whereas stronger systems are less sensitive to reionization. The overall ${\mathrm{O}\,{\small I}}$ covering fraction decreases slowly with time owing to competition between ongoing enrichment and gradual encroachment of ionization fronts into increasingly overdense gas. While the declining covering fraction is partially offset by continued formation of new haloes, the ionization of the diffuse gas causes the predicted line-of-sight incidence rate of ${\mathrm{O}\,{\small I}}$ absorbers to decline abruptly at the overlap epoch, in qualitative agreement with observations. In comparison to the recently observed equivalent width (EW) distribution at z ≈ 6, the simulations underproduce systems with $\mathrm{EW} \ge 0.1 \mathring{\rm A}$, although they reproduce weaker systems with $\mathrm{EW} \ge 0.05 \mathring{\rm A}$. By z ≈ 5, the incidence of $\mathrm{EW} \lt 0.1 \mathring{\rm A}$ systems are overproduced, consistent with previous indications that the simulated ionizing background is too weak at z &lt; 6. The summed column densities of $\mathrm{Si}\,{\small II}$ and $\mathrm{Si}\,{\small IV}$ trace the total oxygen column, and hence the ratio of the ${\mathrm{O}\,{\small I}}$ and $\mathrm{Si}\,{\small II}+ \mathrm{Si}\,{\small IV}$ comoving mass densities traces the progress of reionization. This probe may prove particularly useful in the regime where $x_{\mathrm{H}\,{\small I}} \gt 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$.
Interpretation and diversity of exoplanetary material orbiting white dwarfs
Authors: Swan Andrew , Farihi Jay , Koester Detlev , Hollands Mark , Parsons Steven , Cauley P Wilson , Redfield Seth , Gänsicke Boris T 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Nine metal-polluted white dwarfs are observed with medium-resolution optical spectroscopy, where photospheric abundances are determined and interpreted by comparison with Solar system objects. An improved method for making such comparisons is presented, which overcomes potential weaknesses of prior analyses, with numerous sources of error considered to highlight the limitations on interpretation. The stars are inferred to be accreting rocky, volatile-poor asteroidal materials with origins in differentiated bodies, in line with the consensus model. The most heavily polluted star in the sample has 14 metals detected, and appears to be accreting material from a rocky planetesimal, whose composition is mantle-like with a small Fe–Ni core component. Some unusual abundances are present. One star is strongly depleted in Ca, while two others show Na abundances elevated above bulk-Earth abundances; it is speculated that either the latter reflect diversity in the formation conditions of the source material, or they are traces of past accretion events. Another star shows clear signs that accretion ceased around 5 Myr ago, causing Mg to dominate the photospheric abundances, as it has the longest diffusion time of the observed elements. Observing such post-accretion systems allows constraints to be placed on models of the accretion process.
CRISPR/dual-FRET molecular beacon for sensitive live-cell imaging of non-repetitive genomic loci
Authors: Mao Shiqi , Ying Yachen , Wu Xiaotian , Krueger Christopher J , Chen Antony K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genomic imaging systems predominantly rely on fluorescent protein reporters, which lack the optical properties essential for sensitive dynamic imaging. Here, we modified the CRISPR single-guide RNA (sgRNA) to carry two distinct molecular beacons (MBs) that can undergo fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and demonstrated that the resulting system, CRISPR/dual-FRET MB, enables dynamic imaging of non-repetitive genomic loci with only three unique sgRNAs.
Dynamics of the DEAD-box ATPase Prp5 RecA-like domains provide a conformational switch during spliceosome assembly
Authors: Beier David H , Carrocci Tucker J , van der Feltz Clarisse , Tretbar U Sandy , Paulson Joshua C , Grabowski Nikolai , Hoskins Aaron A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe DEAD-box family of proteins are ATP-dependent, RNA-binding proteins implicated in many aspects of RNA metabolism. Pre-mRNA splicing in eukaryotes requires three DEAD-box ATPases (Prp5, Prp28 and Sub2), the molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Here, we use single molecule FRET (smFRET) to study the conformational dynamics of yeast Prp5. Prp5 is essential for stable association of the U2 snRNP with the intron branch site (BS) sequence during spliceosome assembly. Our data show that the Prp5 RecA-like domains undergo a large conformational rearrangement only in response to binding of both ATP and RNA. Mutations in Prp5 impact the fidelity of BS recognition and change the conformational dynamics of the RecA-like domains. We propose that BS recognition during spliceosome assembly involves a set of coordinated conformational switches among U2 snRNP components. Spontaneous toggling of Prp5 into a stable, open conformation may be important for its release from U2 and to prevent competition between Prp5 re-binding and subsequent steps in spliceosome assembly.
Laura Poitras
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This is the first career interview with Academy Award–winner, Pulitzer Prize–winner, MacArthur Fellow Laura Poitras, whose shift from cooking to filmmaking brought her first into contact with the avant-garde filmmaking community in the Bay Area, and in particular, with Ernie Gehr; then into contact with Linda Goode Bryant, with whom she made Flag Wars (2003), an Emmy-winning documentary about ethnic collisions in a Columbus, Ohio, neighborhood. Her reaction to the American response to 9/11 instigated her celebrated post-9/11 trilogy of films: My Country, My Country (2006), which explores events during the election in Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein; The Oath (2010), a portrait of Abu Jandal, Osama bin Laden’s one-time bodyguard; and CITIZENFOUR (2014), where Poitras worked with Ed Snowden to reveal unconstitutional surveillance practices. Her feature about Julian Assange, Risk (2016), followed. In 2015, with Charlotte Cook and A. J. Schnack, she founded Field of Vision to provide independent documentary filmmakers with a platform for their work.
Fred Wiseman at the Brattle Theater with Hospital, July 19, 2010
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This interview is an edited version of a public discussion with filmmaker Fred Wiseman at the Brattle Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts, about his film, Hospital (1970). Wiseman discusses his filmmaking approach and his belief that shooting film footage is research, while the actual filmmaking is done in the editing. During the shooting of each of his features, Wiseman takes sound and directs his cinematographers. In his editing, he is more interested in presenting an experience of the places he films than in developing particular socio-political arguments. Wiseman has been remarkably prolific, making at least one feature film a year since Titicut Follies (1967). He is understood as the epitome of “fly-on-the-wall” observational cinema-verite documentary and has used his approach to explore a considerable panorama of American institutions—“institutions” in the broadest sense. Hospital remains among the most engaging of his films.
Bill Morrison
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This is the first extensive interview with the “Orpheus of nitrate,” Bill Morrison, whose forte is finding interesting imagery, often imagery with obvious film decay, in celluloid film archives, then fashioning this material into works of his own. Morrison has explored American archives—most often, the paper print collection in the Library of Congress and the Moving Image Research Collections housed at the University of South Carolina, which archive the outtakes of the newsreels Fox Movietone produced for theatrical exhibition between 1928 and 1963; and recently, a collection of early silent films unearthed in the permafrost in Dawson City, Canada. Morrison is particularly drawn to moments when obvious film decay seems related to the content or implications of the imagery that remains uncorrupted. Morrison’s breakthrough feature, Decasia (2002), like nearly all his subsequent works, was produced in collaboration with accomplished composer/musicians from around the world. Morrison’s films are to be understood as image-music experiences.
Lois Patiño
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This is the first extensive, career interview in English with Lois Patiño. After several years making films and installation work about mental illness and the moment of death, Patiño found his métier as a landscape artist, focusing on landscape as a spiritual entity. Patiño works in the tradition of place-oriented cinema pioneered by Larry Gottheim, James Benning, Sharon Lockhart, and Peter Hutton. In Patiño’s films human beings are seen as parts of the landscape, sometimes in a more literal sense, as in Costa da morte (2013) his feature about the Galician coast of Spain, and at other times in more mythic senses. Patiño’s films are stunningly beautiful and demonstrate that digital filmmaking can compete with even the most visually remarkable celluloid works.
Carlos Adriano
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
When Bernardo Vorobow—Brazil’s “Mr. Cinematheque” and filmmaker Carlos Adriano’s life partner and filmmaking collaborator—died, Adriano struggled to recover from his loss by making what became a series of cine-elegies that reflect on his life with Vorobow and their immersion in world cinema of all kinds. Adriano recycles image, sound, and poetry from a wide variety of films and writers into complex and engaging montages that are simultaneously deeply personal and cine-globally aware—poignant and challenging homages to Vorobow and to the creative spirit energizing Adriano’s recovery from his loss (and, as is clear in his most recent video, his discovery of a new partner). This is the first career interview with Adriano, who is dedicated to honoring, and creating, Brazilian contributions to world film history.