bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the effect of combination ratio of Al2O3-MWCNT hybrid nano-cutting fluids while turning AISI 304
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Harmesh , Mehta Jaswinder Singh , Wadhwa Amandeep Singh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This experimental study has been executed with an objective of comparing the efficacy of mono and hybrid nano-cutting fluid (NCF) with respect to cutting insert’s flank wear while turning AISI-304 stainless steel. Furthermore, the influence of the combination ratio of constituent nanoparticles has also been investigated. The creation of the hybrid nano-cutting fluids (hy-NCF) involved the simultaneous suspension of alumina (Al2O3) nano-particles and multi-walled carbon nano tube (MWCNT) in a vegetable oil derived from soybean at weight concentrations of 1, 1.5, and 2 wt% in combination ratios of 80:20 (R = 0.2) and 60:40 (R = 0.4). Their thermal conductivity and viscosity depicting thermophysical behaviour and wettability depicting tribological behaviour have also been evaluated and compared to that of mono nano cutting (mo-NCF) fluid comprising solely of alumina particles. To balance the advantages of thermal conductivity, viscosity and wettability, the weight concentration of 1.5% has been selected for further machining experiments. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) based turning tests were conducted, and the findings were compared considering tool flank wear. For hybrid nano-cutting fluid (R = 0.2) and hybrid nano-cutting fluid (R = 0.4), the percentage reduction in tool wear was found to be 11.35% and 8.2%, respectively, in comparison to mono nanofluid.
Enhancement of mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber composites using eggshell powder
Authors: Pai M Prashanth , B H Maruthi Prashanth , S Ramesh , Gowda Sandeepkumar , Kandagal Zaheerabbas B , C V Pujar , Anne Gajanan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Natural-based composites are gaining preference among manufacturers and consumers due to their biocompatibility, affordability, and widespread availability. This study uniquely investigates the use of eggshell powder as a filler in pineapple-epoxy composites, addressing a gap in research on their mechanical properties and failure mechanisms. Here different percentages of eggshell powder (ranging from 4 wt% to 8 wt%) was studied for their mechanical properties like Tensile, Flexural, Impact, Inter-laminar Shear Strength (ILSS), and Hardness of the pineapple-epoxy composite. The composites were fabricated using hand layup followed by a hot-press method. The findings showed that the composite containing 6 wt% eggshell powder (ES-6) exhibited superior performance compared to other configurations across Tensile, Flexural, Inter-laminar Shear Strength, and Impact strengths, showing improvements in the range of 7% to 29%. Meanwhile, the composite with 8 wt% eggshell powder (ES-8) outperformed other configurations in terms of hardness, showing enhancements in the range of 13% to 15%. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the fractured specimens revealed that the composite with 6 wt% eggshell powder ensures excellent bonding between fibres and the matrix, thereby enhancing the overall mechanical properties of the composite.
Area and power efficient FIR filter design in quantum cellular automata using competent adder
Authors: Arunachalam Kamaraj , Bharathi Jaya Baskar Divya , Chithra Ramaraj Vishnu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An 8-tap FIR filter is being considered for this research work. The basic modules of the FIR filter are Adders, Delay elements and multipliers. These basic elements are constructed using the majority voter. The interconnections between various logic elements of the circuit are carried out using novel multi-layer interconnection. Also, fast adders such as carry look-ahead adder, carry save adder, and carry select adder have been realized in quantum cellular automata. The circuit performance has been evaluated mainly based on the number of cells used for construction and area. Also additionally, area-latency product (ALP), QCA cost and power-performance area (PPA) have been estimated for validating the effectiveness of the design. Because of the majority voter and multi-layer configuration, the basic elements had occupied a lesser area; due to which the overall area for the 8-tap filter has been reduced effectively. The basic elements had a cell count improvement of 16.27% to 89.37% for full adder, 52.54% to 94.11% for DFF and 15.71% to 94.79% for multiplier with respect to the existing methods. Also, an 8-tap FIR filter consumes 2156 cells, 3447.6 nm2 area, 36.0876 energy dissipation, 13790.4 ALP, and 124415.6 PPA in quantum cellular automata.
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: deep delensing assisted likelihood-free inference from CMB polarization maps
Authors: Yi Kai , Fan Yanan , Hamann Jan , Liò Pietro , Guang Wang Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The existence of a cosmic background of primordial gravitational waves is a robust prediction of inflationary cosmology, but it has so far evaded discovery. The most promising avenue of its detection is via measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-polarization. However, this is not straightforward due to (a) the fact that CMB maps are distorted by gravitational lensing and (b) the high-dimensional nature of CMB data, which renders likelihood-based analysis methods computationally extremely expensive. In this paper, we introduce an efficient likelihood-free, end-to-end inference method to directly infer the posterior distribution of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r from lensed maps of the Stokes Q and U polarization parameters. Our method employs a generative model to delense the maps and utilizes the approximate Bayesian computation algorithm to sample r. We demonstrate that our method yields unbiased estimates of r with well-calibrated uncertainty quantification.
Growth mechanism of Pb0.9Cd0.1Te: Pb thin films prepared by PVD technique
Authors: Mazur Tetiana , Naidych Bohdana , Yavorskyi Rostyslav , Holovata Oksana , Parashchuk Taras , Zamurujeva Oksana , Voznyak Orest , Nykyruy Lyubomyr 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The complex surface morphology, defect subsystem and an ab initio model study of Pb1-xCdxTe thin films deposited on mica-muscovite substrates by PVD technology are presented in this paper. The thickness, growth mechanisms and uniformity of condensates dependence on deposition regimes were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The deposited films have a granular structure and sizes of crystallites depend on thickness and difference between substrate and condensate crystallographic parameters. The dominance of film growth by the Vollmer-Weber mechanism is demonstrate. Studies of film growth mechanisms allowed us to predict that the formation of grains and the dynamics of their size changes during film growth are caused by complex defects that are associated with Cd atoms in nodes and vacancies of chalcogens.
Phytochemical-enhanced NiO nanostructures for superior oxygen evolution and asymmetric supercapacitor applications
Authors: Hayat Asma , Dawi Elmuez , Tahira Aneela , Bhatti Muhammad Ali , Halepoto Imran Ali , Ali Gulzar , Mahar Ihsan Ali , Naz Irum , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Solangi Abdul Ghaffar , Aftab Umair , Alshammari Riyadh H , Nafady Ayman , Vigolo Brigitte , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The development of new energy conversion and storage technologies has contributed to the widespread use of renewable energy. However, new methodologies for electrochemical energy storage systems remain to be developed. This study presents a facile, low-cost, scalable, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures by hydrothermal methods using lotus root extract. The different volumes of lotus root extract were tested on NiO nanostructures (sample 1, sample 2) using 1 ml and 2 ml amounts of the extract, respectively. Therefore, phytochemicals from lotus extract have influenced the surface morphology, crystal quality, optical band gap, electrical conductivity, and surface active sites of NiO nanostructures. Sample 2 of the NiO nanostructures was found to be highly active for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and showed an overpotential of 380 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a durability of 30 h at 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, sample 2 of NiO has shown specific capacitance of 1503.84 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 as well as cycling stability over a period of forty thousand GCD cycles. The percentage specific capacitance retention were highly improved up to 100.6%. An asymmetric energy storage device has been constructed using NiO sample 2 as the anode electrode material, demonstrating excellent specific capacity of about 1113 C g−1 at 5 A g−1. For the asymmetric supercapacitor device, a power density of 20000 W kg−1 and an energy density of 245 Wh kg−1 were obtained. In a study of cycling stability for 40000 GCD cycles, it was observed that the asymmetric device retained 96.86% of its specific capacitance. A significant contribution was made to the electrochemical performance of sample 2 of NiO by phytochemicals derived from lotus extract.
A typology of climatopias: visualizations, motivations, and transformations
Authors: Carrère Alizé , Broad Kenneth , Lombard Joanna , Hector Denis , Mach Katharine J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Climate change is catalyzing responses for innovation in the built environment. Architecture and design firms are at the forefront of these endeavors, applying cutting-edge technologies to shape and visualize potential futures in ways they claim to be revolutionary or transformational. Despite the proliferation of such proposals, little analysis of this work has emerged. This paper seeks to assess this field of ‘climatopias,’ that is, projects that propose a form of utopian thinking or planning for climate-responsive design, and evaluate their transformational potential for the built environment. For 66 such architectural and urban planning projects, we analyze their types and attributes, with a focus on dominant motivations and the extent of sociopolitical transformation. Six key types of climatopias emerge: projects that (1) Fortify, (2) Forest, (3) Float, (4) Reduce, (5) Re-use, or (6) Retreat in pursuit of climate solutions for the built environment. 41% of the projects evaluated do not have any sociopolitical transformation present in their designs, meaning they do not rigorously qualify as climatopias despite their visual appearances and could risk reinforcing sociopolitical inequities and harms. Of projects rigorously fulfilling climatopia criteria for sociopolitical transformation, only 4 projects (10%) are all-encompassing in their proposed transformation, especially through engaging with political aspects of the design, such as ownership and governance. The Forest type demonstrates the least sociopolitical transformation across design proposals and projects, while the Reduce and Re-use types demonstrate the most. Despite growing calls for climate-resilient solutions combining mitigation and adaptation goals, decarbonization and climate risk reduction motivations rarely appear together in climate-responsive designs and projects. As designers advance this work, the typology presented here can serve as a reference guide to assist in expanding considerations of the range of transformational change and co-benefits required to address and adapt to climate change.
Financial Barriers to Rural Graduate Medical Education: Medicare Funding Methods for Sole Community and Medicare-Dependent Hospitals
Authors: Adhikari Mukesh , Hawes Emily M. , Rains Jacob , Francazio Christopher L. , Holmes George M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Policymakers are exploring options to address rural-urban physician maldistribution, including reducing rural residency training barriers. This study estimated Medicare graduate medical education (GME) reimbursement that sole community hospitals (SCHs) and Medicare-dependent hospitals (MDHs) are disqualified from receiving compared with hospitals under the Prospective Payment System (PPS) and calculated the GME reimbursement per resident for MDHs and SCHs under different scenarios.

Method
This simulation study used Healthcare Cost Report Information System data on hospitals that had been SCHs or MDHs between 2011 and 2021 and did not have any resident full-time equivalents (FTEs) in the most recent year. Reimbursements were calculated under the PPS and hospital-specific rate (HSR), assuming all other hospital financing elements remained unchanged, apart from adding resident FTEs.

Results
A total of 242 hospitals were identified as current or recent SCHs or MDHs with an average daily census of 25 or more and no residents in their most recent cost reports; 139 (57.4%) were paid under the HSR. The median (interquartile range) reimbursement per resident was $179,442 ($153,078-$208,412) under PPS and $107,294 ($85,134-$128,259) under HSR, a difference of nearly $70,000 per resident. The median opportunity cost per FTE was approximately $73,000 for SCHs and approximately $65,000 for MDHs. No significant per-resident differences were observed in the GME payments based on program size. Due to higher GME payments from PPS vs HSR, the number of hospitals defaulting to HSR decreased, and by the end of the third year of the program, more than 10% hospitals switched from HSR to PPS.

Conclusions
Under the current health care and GME reimbursement method, SCHs and MDHs face considerable financial barriers to launching or participating in GME programs. Policy adjustments to address this barrier may incentivize more rural facilities to launch or participate in GME, potentially mitigating the geographic maldistribution of physicians.
The Effect of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy on Scoliosis in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Long-term Follow-up Study
Authors: Miller Stacey D. , Lewis Emma , Lau Jonathan , Juricic Maria , Nguyen Vuong , Steinbok Paul , Miyanji Firoz , Mulpuri Kishore 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is commonly used to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Children with CP have an increased risk of spinal deformities that increase with age and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. Few studies have considered the risk of spinal deformity post-SDR by GMFCS level. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the incidence and severity of spinal deformities in children with CP, overall and by GMFCS level, a minimum of 5 years after SDR.

Methods:
In this retrospective review, participants included all those who had an SDR before January 1, 2013, at a Canadian pediatric hospital. Participants had to have a spine radiograph preoperatively and a minimum 5 years post-SDR. Age, GMFCS level, level of laminectomy, percentage of rootlets cut, and orthopaedic surgical history were collected. Scoliosis was evaluated using coronal curve and was measured pre-SDR and a minimum 5 years post-SDR or until spine surgery. When available, sagittal plane radiographs were reviewed.

Results:
A total of 107 participants (61 male, 46 female), at GMFCS levels I to V (2,25,22,45, and 13, respectively) were included. The mean age at SDR was 4.8 years (SD 1.5), with a mean follow-up of 12.7 years (SD 4.9). Post-SDR, 57 (53%) participants had scoliosis, with the major curve averaging 46 degrees (SD 34.9). Scoliosis measuring >10 degrees was found in 8 (32%) participants at level II, 4 (18%) at level III, 33 (73%) at level IV and 12 (92%) at level V. No participants at GMFCS levels I to III, and 35% and 67% of those at levels IV and V, respectively, had a curve magnitude >40 degrees. Of those who had lateral imaging, 38% had excessive kyphosis, 21% hyperlordosis, and 16% spondylolisthesis.

Conclusions:
The rate of scoliosis is consistent with the natural history of children with CP without surgical intervention as reported in the literature when compared by GMFCS level and curve severity.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Dermatologist Characteristics Associated With Outlier Performance of Destruction for Benign Lesions
Authors: Woodie Brad R. , Nicholas Andrew , Fleischer Alan B. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Destruction of a benign skin lesion should not be billed to Medicare if the lesion is solely a cosmetic concern. Reducing unnecessary benign destructions could lower Medicare costs.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate benign destruction rates relative to premalignant destruction rates and identify factors associated with frequent benign destruction among dermatologists.

METHODS
This study analyzed 2022 Medicare benign and premalignant destructions procedure counts for dermatologists.

RESULTS
Of the included 5,605 dermatologists, 180 (3.2%) were outliers, performing benign destructions at a rate exceeding 1.18 per premalignant destruction. Forty-nine (0.9%) were extreme outliers, with ratios above 1.76. Dermatologists with over 26 years of practice were more likely to be outliers or extreme outliers, whereas those in the West had lower odds. Reducing outlier benign destruction rates to the 80th percentile could save Medicare $1.17 million, with potential savings of up to $10.3 million if applied broadly.

CONCLUSION
A small number of dermatologists bill for benign destructions at high rates. Targeted educational interventions may reduce unnecessary Medicare expenditures.
Perspectives on Integrating Biological Assessments to Address the Health Effects of Childhood Adversities
Authors: Blevins Emily J. , Slopen Natalie , Koenen Karestan C. , Mikesell Caley , Basu Archana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A majority of adults in the United States (US) report a range of stressful and potentially traumatic childhood experiences (e.g., physical or sexual abuse, witnessing violence, neglect). Such adversities are associated with a range of mental (e.g., anxiety, mood, and behavioral difficulties) and physical (e.g., cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, asthma) health problems. Increasingly, precision medicine approaches seek to prevent and treat such multifinal downstream health problems by identifying common etiological pathways (e.g., inflammation and immune pathways) and candidate biomarkers to target interventions. In this context, we review the rationale for continued research to identify biomarkers of childhood adversity. Building on the bioecological theory, we emphasize that individual neurobiological profiles develop within multiple ecological levels (individual, family, neighborhood, macrosocial) that confer both risk and protective factors that can attenuate or amplify biological effects of childhood adversity. Given the limited data on adversity-associated biomarkers for children and adolescents, we discuss future recommendations for research, implications for clinical care, and ethical considerations. Preventing childhood adversity and supporting adversity- and trauma-informed systemic intervention approaches remains our primary recommendation. We highlight the continued need to consider both biomarkers of risk and protective factors across ecological levels in future research.
Association Between Postoperative Lymphocyte Count and the Occurrence of Infections After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Bridonneau Constance , Bourgoin Pierre , Debord Camille , Fernandez Modesto , Launay Elise , Joram Nicolas , Chenouard Alexis 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the minimal count of lymphocyte (Ly_Min) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and the occurrence of infections within the first 30 postoperative days (POD).

Methods:
From a local European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association (ECHSA) database, all cardiac surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass in children under 18 years old between January 2014 and December 2021 were eligible. Infections occurring within 30 POD were prospectively recorded according to ECHSA definitions, and classified into sepsis, pneumonia, wound infection, mediastinitis or endocarditis. For each surgery, Ly_Min was collected during the first 2 POD and the optimal threshold for predicting infection was chosen using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with the risk of infection.

Results:
Of 1428 surgeries conducted over the 8-year period, 111 (8%) were complicated by at least 1 infection, including pneumonia (n = 45), wound infection (n = 41), sepsis (n = 24), mediastinitis (n = 20) and endocarditis (n = 3). Mean Ly_Min in the first 2 POD was lower in the infected group compared with the noninfected group (1.32 ± 0.81 vs. 1.81 ± 1.05 × 109/L, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, Ly_Min <1.105 × 109/L within the first 1 POD was independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative infections (adjusted odds ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.79, P = 0.019).

Conclusions:
In this large single-center cohort of pediatric cardiac surgeries, Ly_Min during the first 2 POD was associated with the development of infections within 30 days after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Community-Level Strategies for Addressing Disparities in Healthy People 2030 Leading Health Indicators
Authors: Van Vleet Rachel , Chitwood Skyla , Hallman Victoria , Heffernan Megan , Fromknecht Catharine , O’Leary Meghan , Lin Yen , Hoyer Deborah 
Published: December 2024

Context:
The Healthy People 2030 Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) offer a select set of measurable objectives to help community-based organizations focus their efforts to improve health equity and reduce health disparities across the lifespan within the populations they serve. Disparities are observed across LHIs, including infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity, and reducing these disparities is a key strategy for improving health and well-being for all.

Objective:
This study was designed to answer the following research questions: (1) What programs and initiatives are organizations implementing to address the LHIs of focus - infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity? (2) How do organizations determine which programs and initiatives they will implement?

Design:
NORC conducted 9 qualitative interviews with Healthy People 2030 Champions, organizations dedicated to furthering Healthy People goals and objectives, who are working to address disparities within infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity through a variety of strategies, interventions, and programs.

Results:
Wraparound services, doula programs, and education and advocacy emerged as common strategies for addressing disparities in maternal and infant mortality. Organizations that are working to reduce household food insecurity and hunger implemented food pharmacies and support participant enrollment in federal food assistance programs. Interviewees shared strategies for determining programs to implement and continued program improvement including assessing community needs, leveraging partnerships, and measuring program success.

Conclusions:
Healthy People Champion organizations are using several multidimensional strategies to address infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity in their communities. These strategies, and the community-based organizations that implement them, are critical for addressing disparities in priority health outcomes among the people who have the greatest need. These findings offer insights into how local communities are tackling national priorities and underscore opportunities for more rigorous evaluation to demonstrate progress toward addressing disparities in the LHIs.