bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial critical‐sized defects filled with composite in situ formed xenogenic dentin and biphasic tricalcium phosphate/hyroxyapatite mixture
Authors: Kamal Mohammad , Andersson Lars , Al‐Asfour Adel , Bartella Alexander K. , Gremse Felix , Rosenhain Stefanie , Gabato Severino , Hölzle Frank , Kessler Peter , Lethaus Bernd 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate bone healing in calvarial defects using two bone graft substitute materials; biphasic beta‐tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite in hydrogel (ß‐TCP/HA) versus composite non‐demineralized xenogenic dentin with ß‐TCP/HA mixture. Full thickness critical‐sized defects were created bilaterally in 10 New Zealand male rabbits. Seven defects were left empty, six filled with biphasic tricalcium phosphate putty, and seven were filled with composite non‐demineralized xenogenic dentin with biphasic tricalcium phosphate. Animals were sacrificed at eight weeks postoperatively and the healing of the biomaterial‐filled defects was compared radiographically and by histomorphometry. Micro‐computed tomography (μCT) was utilized to analyze the osteogenesis and healing patterns of the defects. Quantitative analysis of volume fraction (%) of the newly formed bone and remaining graft material (FV=filling volume/TV=tissue volume) and mean intensity [HU] in the defects were evaluated. Defects filled with composite dentin with biphasic tri‐calcium phosphate showed volume fraction (FV/TV) in the order of 55.81% ± 17.72%, whereas defects filled with only biphasic tricalcium phosphate showed a fraction of 39.84% ± 16.06%, which represent the ratio of remaining graft material and new bone formation to the tissue volume. The empty negative control defects showed a volume fraction of 19.14% ± 8.787%. Histological analysis showed significant percentage increase in bone formation and residual graft with the composite Dentin/ß‐TCP group after 8 weeks. The findings suggest that composite xenogenic dentin with biphasic tricalcium phosphate showed improved osteogenesis when compared to biphasic tricalcium phosphate without the addition of non‐demineralized dentin. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 773–782, 2019.
Do rim cracks and backside grinding affect the aging kinetics of alumina‐matrix composite acetabular liners?
Authors: Seki Takeshi , Takahashi Yasuhito , Pezzotti Giuseppe , Tateiwa Toshiyuki , Shishido Takaaki , Masaoka Toshinori , Yamamoto Kengo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe acetabular liner malalignment and rim impingement have been problematic issues in ceramic‐on‐ceramic (CoC) total hip arthroplasty (THA). Commercial ceramic liners made of alumina‐matrix composite (AMC) have polished articulation and rim, and roughly ground backside with a button‐like apical projection (post) to resist tilting. In this study, we hypothesized that rim cracks and backside grind critically affect the aging kinetics of tetragonal zirconia dispersed in AMC structure. We analyzed phase transformation in the zirconia phase and residual stresses in the alumina matrix during aging by Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy. We demonstrated that the polished surfaces showed environmental stability in vitro, while the roughly‐ground backside showed a significant stability loss and tensile stress accumulation as a consequence of enhancing the inter‐component fixation between the liner and the metallic shell. Rim cracking locally produced a preferential transformation at the tip and the surrounding of the crack. Note that the tensile stress concentration at the crack tip was counteracted by the phase transformation after a few hours of aging. This suggests the presence of a time lag in vivo before further transformation around the crack could provide a crack shielding effect in the material. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 791–798, 2019.
Structural heteropolysaccharides as air‐tight sealants of the human pleura
Authors: Servais Andrew B. , Kienzle Arne , Ysasi Alexandra B. , Valenzuela Cristian D. , Wagner Willi L. , Tsuda Akira , Ackermann Maximilian , Mentzer Steven J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPulmonary “air leaks,” typically the result of pleural injury caused by lung surgery or chest trauma, result in the accumulation of air in the pleural space (pneumothorax). Air leaks are a major source of morbidity and prolonged hospitalization after pulmonary surgery. Previous work has demonstrated structural heteropolysaccharide (pectin) binding to the mouse pleural glycocalyx. The similar lectin‐binding characteristics and ultrastructural features of the human and mouse pleural glycocalyx suggested the potential application of these polymers in humans. To investigate the utility of pectin‐based polymers, we developed a simulacrum using freshly obtained human pleura. Pressure‐decay leak testing was performed with an inflation maneuver that involved a 3 s ramp to a 3 s plateau pressure; the inflation was completely abrogated after needle perforation of the pleura. Using nonbiologic materials, pressure‐decay leak testing demonstrated an exponential decay with a plateau phase in materials with a Young's modulus less than 5. In human pleural testing, the simulacrum was used to test the sealant function of four mixtures of pectin‐based polymers. A 50% high‐methoxyl pectin and 50% carboxymethylcellulose mixture demonstrated no sealant failures at transpleural pressures of 60 cmH2O. In contrast, pectin mixtures containing 50% low‐methoxyl pectin, 50% amidated low‐methoxyl pectins, or 100% carboxymethylcellulose demonstrated frequent sealant failures at transpleural pressures of 40–50 cmH2O (p < 0.001). Inhibition of sealant adhesion with enzyme treatment, dessication and 4°C cooling suggested an adhesion mechanism dependent upon polysaccharide interpenetration. We conclude that pectin‐based heteropolysaccharides are a promising air‐tight sealant of human pleural injuries. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 799–806, 2019.
Impact of the site of necrosis on outcome of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Dhaka Narendra , Sinha Saroj K , Samanta Jayanta , Gupta Vikas , Yadav Thakur Deen , Gulati Ajay , Kochhar Rakesh 
Published: September 2018

ObjecivesTo compare the clinical outcome of patients with extrapancreatic necrosis (EXPN) alone with that of acute interstitial pancreatitis (AIP), pancreatic parenchymal necrosis (PPN) alone, and combined PPN and EXPN.BackgroundThere are only a few studies in the literature in which EXPN has been recently recognized as a subtype of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), with a better prognosis.MethodsWe analyzed clinical data and outcome variables of 411 consecutive acute pancreatitis (AP) patients between January 2012 and December 2014. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images of each patient were reviewed and characterized as AIP or ANP. Patients with ANP were divided into EXPN alone, PPN alone, and combined PPN and EXPN. Outcome variables were then compared between these groups.ResultsOf the 411 patients, 74 (18%) had AIP, and 337 (82%) had ANP. Patients with EXPN alone (n = 40; 11.8%) had similar outcomes as patients with PPN alone (n = 12; 3.5%); however, their outcome was worse than that of patients with AIP, with a higher frequency of persistent organ failure (POF), need for percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD), and longer length of hospitalization (LOH). Patients with combined PPN and EXPN (n = 285; 84.7%) had the worst clinical course, with higher frequency of POF, infected necrosis, intervention requirement, and longer LOH.ConclusionPatients with combined PPN and EXPN have a severe disease course with the worst clinical outcomes; patients with AIP patients have the most benign course, while patients with EXPN alone stand between the two extremes of disease course with an intermediate grade of severity.
REPAIRit: Improving Myocardial Nulling and Ghosting Artifacts of 3D Navigator‐Gated Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging During Arrhythmia
Authors: Hu Chenxi , Huber Steffen , Latif Syed R. , Santacana‐Laffitte Guido , Mojibian Hamid R. , Baldassarre Lauren A. , Peters Dana C. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundCardiac 3D navigator‐gated late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging is important for assessment of left atrial fibrosis, but the image quality is often degraded due to arrhythmia.PurposeTo investigate a novel 3D LGE sequence with improved myocardial nulling and reduced ghosting artifacts during arrhythmia.Study TypeProspective.PopulationArrhythmia patients (n = 14).SequenceThe proposed technique, REPAIRit (Regrowth Equalization Pulse for Arrhythmias in Inversion Recovery with automatic inversion time calculation), inserts a saturation pulse with a dynamic flip angle into the 3D LGE sequence to minimize arrhythmia‐induced signal fluctuations. Using ShMOLLI (shortened modified Look–Locker imaging) to estimate myocardial T1, REPAIRit automatically calculates the optimal inversion time (TI) based on Bloch equations.AssessmentREPAIRit LGE and the standard LGE were compared with simulations, phantom imaging, and patient studies. Patient images were assessed quantitatively, based on ghost‐to‐noise ratio (GNR), blood signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNRb), myocardial signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNRm), and blood‐to‐myocardium contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and qualitatively on a 4‐point scale. Patients were subgrouped based on the presence of arrhythmia to assess the image quality difference.Statistical TestsThe two LGE sequences were compared by Student's t‐test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The two patient‐subgroups were compared using Welch's t‐test and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.ResultsIn 14 analyzed patients, REPAIRit LGE significantly lowered GNR (1.25 ± 0.41 vs. 1.42 ± 0.42, P = 0.04), reduced SNRm (1.90 ± 0.60 vs. 3.16 ± 1.66, P = 0.01), improved ghosting artifact scores (2.5 ± 0.6 vs. 2.2 ± 0.9, P = 0.03), myocardial nulling scores (2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7, P = 0.02), and atrial quality scores (2.8 ± 0.3 vs. 2.4 ± 0.8, P = 0.03) compared with the standard LGE. Comparing patients with arrhythmia (n = 6) to those without (n = 8) during the scan, the former had lower left ventricular (LV) myocardial T1s (430 ± 26 msec vs. 469 ± 39 msec, P = 0.06) but similar blood T1s (318 ± 55 msec vs. 316 ± 27 msec, P = 0.96), and significantly lower blood SNR (5.2 ± 1.8 vs. 9.2 ± 3.0, P = 0.01) and significantly worse image quality (P = 0.01 for REPAIRit and P = 0.03 for standard).Data ConclusionREPAIRit improves myocardial nulling and reduces ghosting artifacts of 3D LGE under arrhythmia.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:688–699.
Quantitative Assessment of Regional Dynamic Airway Collapse in Neonates via Retrospectively Respiratory‐Gated 1H Ultrashort Echo Time MRI
Authors: Bates Alister J. , Higano Nara S. , Hysinger Erik B. , Fleck Robert J. , Hahn Andrew D. , Fain Sean B. , Kingma Paul S. , Woods Jason C. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundNeonatal dynamic tracheal collapse (tracheomalacia, TM) is a common and serious comorbidity in infants, particularly those with chronic lung disease of prematurity (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD) or congenital airway or lung‐related conditions such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), but the underlying pathology, impact on clinical outcomes, and response to therapy are not well understood. There is a pressing clinical need for an accurate, objective, and safe assessment of neonatal TM.PurposeTo use retrospectively respiratory‐gated ultrashort echo‐time (UTE) MRI to noninvasively analyze moving tracheal anatomy for regional, quantitative evaluation of dynamic airway collapse in quiet‐breathing, nonsedated neonates.Study TypeProspective.Population/SubjectsTwenty‐seven neonatal subjects with varying respiratory morbidities (control, BPD, CDH, abnormal polysomnogram).Field Strength/SequenceHigh‐resolution 3D radial UTE MRI (0.7 mm isotropic) on 1.5T scanner sited in the neonatal intensive care unit.AssessmentImages were retrospectively respiratory‐gated using the motion‐modulated time‐course of the k‐space center. Tracheal surfaces were generated from segmentations of end‐expiration/inspiration images and analyzed geometrically along the tracheal length to calculate percent‐change in luminal cross‐sectional area (A
%) and ratio of minor‐to‐major diameters at end‐expiration (r
D,exp). Geometric results were compared to clinically available bronchoscopic findings (n = 14).Statistical TestsTwo‐sample t‐test.ResultsMaximum A
% significantly identified subjects with/without a bronchoscopic TM diagnosis (with: 46.9 ± 10.0%; without: 27.0 ± 5.8%; P < 0.001), as did minimum r
D,exp (with: 0.346 ± 0.146; without: 0.671 ± 0.218; P = 0.008). Subjects with severe BPD exhibited a far larger range of minimum r
D,exp than subjects with mild/moderate BPD or controls (0.631 ± 0.222, 0.782 ± 0.075, and 0.776 ± 0.030, respectively), while minimum r
D,exp was reduced in CDH subjects (0.331 ± 0.171) compared with controls (P < 0.001).Data ConclusionRespiratory‐gated UTE MRI can quantitatively and safely evaluate neonatal dynamic tracheal collapse, as validated with the clinical standard of bronchoscopy, without requiring invasive procedures, anesthesia, or ionizing radiation.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:659–667.
Radiomics Analysis of DTI Data to Assess Vision Outcome After Intravenous Methylprednisolone Therapy in Neuromyelitis Optic Neuritis
Authors: Tian Yuan , Liu Zhenyu , Tang Zhenchao , Li Mingge , Lou Xin , Dong Enqing , Liu Gang , Wang Yulin , Wang Yan , Bian Xiangbin , Wei Shihui , Tian Jie , Ma Lin 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica‐optic neuritis (NMO‐ON) patients are routinely treated with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP). For the patients nonresponsive to IVMP, more effective but aggressive therapy of plasma exchange (PE) should be employed instead of IVMP in the first line.PurposeTo assess the visual outcomes of NMO‐ON patients after IVMP by radiomics analysis of whole brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 57 NMO‐ON patients receiving IVMP therapy for 3 days.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T; DTI images acquired by a single‐shot echo planar image sequence; T1 images acquired by 3D fast spoiled gradient echo (3D‐FSPGR) MRI.AssessmentIn all, 200 DTI measures were extracted from the DTI data and employed as features to construct a radiomics assessment model for visual outcomes of NMO‐ON patients after IVMP. The assessment performance was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), classification accuracy (ACC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predicted values (PPV and NPV). The selected DTI measures would reveal the white matter impairments related to visual recovery of NMO‐ON patients.Statistical TestsThe relationship between the selected DTI measures and the clinical visual characteristics were investigated by Pearson correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, and one‐way analysis of variance analysis.ResultsThe radiomics model obtained an ACC of 73.68% (P = 0.002), AUC of 0.7931, sensitivity of 0.6207, specificity of 0.8571, PPV of 0.8182, and NPV of 0.6857 in assessing visual outcomes of the NMO‐ON patients after IVMP treatment. The selected DTI measures revealed white matter impairments related to the visual outcomes in the white matter tracts of vision‐relevant regions, motor‐related regions, and corpus callosum. The white matter impairments were found significantly correlated with the disease duration and the length of lesions in the optic nerve.Data ConclusionRadiomics analysis of DTI data has great potential in assessing visual outcomes of NMO‐ON patients after IVMP therapy.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1365–1373.
Medial and Lateral Patellofemoral Joint Retinaculum Thickness in People With Patellofemoral Pain: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Lack Simon , Anthony Luke , Noake James , Brennan Kay , Zhang Bairu , Morrissey Dylan 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo measure the medial and lateral retinaculum thickness in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain using ultrasound and to assess associations with the symptom duration and function.MethodsMedial and lateral patellofemoral joint retinaculum thicknesses of 32 knees (16 with patellofemoral pain and 16 asymptomatic) were measured with B‐mode ultrasound at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm from the patella border. Participants with patellofemoral pain completed a Kujala questionnaire, and both groups underwent a single‐leg squat performance assessment. Two‐way analyses of variance (site × group) determined the overall effect, and Cohen d values were calculated to describe the magnitude of the difference for each measurement.ResultsThe groups were matched for age, height, and weight. Compared to controls, participants with patellofemoral pain had thicker lateral (overall effect, P = .03) and medial (overall effect, P < 0.01) retinacula. No correlations between retinaculum thickness and Kujala scores (lateral retinaculum, r = 0.106 [0.5 cm], –0.093 [1 cm], and –0.207 [1.5 cm]; and medial retinaculum, r = 0.059, 0.109, and –0.219), symptom duration (lateral retinaculum, r = 0.001, –0.041, and 0.302; and medial retinaculum, r = –0.027, –0.358, and –0.346), or single‐leg squat performance scores (lateral retinaculum, r = 0.051, 0.114, and 0.046; and medial retinaculum, r = –0.119, –0.292, and 0.011) were observed.ConclusionsIncreased lateral and medial retinaculum thickness in individuals with patellofemoral pain compared to controls identifies structural changes that may be associated with the pathogenesis of patellofemoral pain. The absence of a significant correlation between retinaculum thickness and the symptom duration or function further shows a lack of an association between structure and function in individuals with patellofemoral pain.
Vegetation restoration changes topsoil biophysical regulations of carbon fluxes in an eroding soil landscape
Authors: Li Jianye , Fu Bojie , Liu Shuguang , Dargush Paul , Gao Guangyao , Liu Jianbo , Wei Fangli 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe dynamics of biophysical regulations of carbon fluxes can have a major effect on an ecosystems' carbon budget. Only a handful of comprehensive assessments of such dynamics exist. To better understand the carbon cycle, we measured all major carbon flux by biophysical regulations including rainfall, runoff, infiltration, and sediment yield at eight runoff plots in an eroding soil landscape on the Chinese Loess Plateau, a typical vegetation restoration area for the region. Results show that topsoil carbon flux by infiltration into deep soil layers was the largest efflux from topsoil in plots with vegetation, followed by runoff and sediment carbon effluxes. On the contrary, the carbon flux by sediment was the largest efflux from topsoil in plot without vegetation, followed by infiltration and runoff carbon effluxes. Total topsoil carbon flux by biophysical regulations to the deep layer is about 71 ± 10% of the typical carbon sequestration rate in the region. Topsoil carbon sequestration capacity might be underestimated by up to 43 ± 3% if the infiltrated carbon was not factored into estimates. The results of this study improve understanding of soil carbon dynamics and expand the dynamic carbon replacement hypothesis; photosynthesis replaces not only lateral carbon lost by erosion but also vertical carbon lost by infiltration.
The Marriage of Aggregation‐Induced Emission with Polymer Science
Authors: Qiu Zijie , Liu Xiaolin , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is a novel photophysical phenomenon coined in 2001 by our group and describes the enhanced light emission of some luminogens in the aggregate or solid state. The combination of AIE research and polymer science is a smart approach to produce functional luminescent materials with mechanical strength and excellent processability for real‐world applications. In this feature article, recent progress in AIE polymeric systems, including chemical synthesis and physical blending strategies, is summarized. Through chemical synthesis, various AIE‐active polymers, such as covalently bonded polymers, supramolecular polymers, and nonconjugated luminescent polymers, can be obtained. Serving as environmentally sensitive probes, AIE luminogens can also be physically doped into polymers to generate interesting systems. Finally, outlooks and perspectives on the future direction of AIE polymeric systems are discussed.
Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin: Recent pathological aspects and inhibitors
Authors: Abdel‐Maksoud Mohammed S. , El‐Gamal Mohammed I. , Benhalilou Dalia Reyane , Ashraf Sandy , Mohammed Shatha Abdulghaffar , Oh Chang‐Hyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as the mechanistic target of rapamycin, regulates many normal cell processes such as transcription, cell growth, and autophagy. Overstimulation of mTOR by its ligands, amino acids, sugars, and/or growth factors leads to physiological disorders, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we reviewed the recent advances regarding the mechanism that involves mTOR in cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. The chemical and biological properties of recently reported small molecules that function as mTOR kinase inhibitors, including adenosine triphosphate‐competitive inhibitors and dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors, have also been reviewed. We focused on the reports published in the literature from 2012 to 2017.
Blood‐borne biomarkers of osteosarcoma: A systematic review
Authors: Tan Gerald J.S. , Gerrand C.H. , Rankin K.S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Development of clinically useful biomarkers has the potential to improve treatments. The aim of this review was to investigate the recent literature assessing the utility of biomarkers for osteosarcoma. A detailed literature search was performed, with hand searches for related research publications. The search was limited to publications in English between January 2007 and February 2017. Of 286 studies identified, 24 met the inclusion criteria. There is a wide range of osteosarcoma biomarkers identified which act as clinical prognostic factors in patient outcome.
How I approach: Previously untreated patients with severe congenital hemophilia A
Authors: Thornburg Courtney D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPreviously untreated patients with severe hemophilia A are a vulnerable population at risk for severe bleeding which is currently managed with exogenous clotting factor replacement. The primary burden of current treatment is high‐titer inhibitor development. Evolving data on current treatment products as well as emerging therapeutics may inform treatment decisions to prevent bleeding and inhibitor formation. Considerations for diagnosis, education, and shared decision‐making related to product choice and treatment regimen are discussed.