bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting opioid toxicity: Cellular effects of six commonly used opioids
Authors: Nylander Erik , Stam Frida , Katila Lenka , Zelleroth Sofia , Birgersson Jennifer , Nyberg Fred , Hallberg Mathias , Grönbladh Alfhild 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
There is an ongoing opioid crisis in the United States where the illicit and non-medical use of prescription opioids is associated with an increasing number of overdose deaths. Few studies have investigated opioid-induced effects on cell viability, and comparative studies are limited. Here, we examine the toxicity of six commonly used opioids: methadone, morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, ketobemidone, and fentanyl with respect to mitochondrial and membrane function in vitro.

Methods
The opioids were tested in four different cell cultures: primary cortical cell cultures, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and both differentiated and undifferentiated neuroblastoma/glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells. The mitochondrial activity was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the membrane integrity was assessed by measuring the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. To compare the different opioids, the toxic dose (TD50) was calculated.

Results
The results displayed a similar trend of opioid-reduced cell viability in all four cell cultures. The most toxic opioid was methadone, followed by fentanyl, while morphine was overall ranked as the least toxic opioid displaying little to no negative impact on cell viability. The remaining opioids varied in rank between the different cell types.

Conclusion
This in vitro study highlights opioid-dependent variations in toxicity across all four tested cell types, with methadone emerging as the most potent opioid.
Internal consistency of the Mental Health Professional Culture Inventory: A pilot study in Romanian population
Authors: Denis Frédéric , Kane Hélène , Baumgart Jade Gourret , Rusch Emmanuel , Deloyer Jocelyn , Fuenzalida Claudio , Kelemen Gabriela , Gavrila-Ardelean Mihaela , Krzystanek Marek , Marazziti Donatella , Moraitou Margarita , Reunanen Merja , Shyhrete Rexhaj , El Hage Wissam , Thome Johannes , Verwaest Wim , Rude Nathalie , Laruppe Charline , Fond-Harmant Laurence 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study (registered under number 2020 006) was to assess the internal consistency of the revised Mental Health Professional Culture Inventory (MHPCI) scale, which comprises 15 items, among mental health service workers in Romania.

Methods: To examine the psychometric properties of the MHPCI questionnaire within the Romanian population, we employed two main methods: The partial credit model (PCM) and Exploratory factor analysis (EFA).

Results: A total of 94 individuals were interviewed, and among them, 71 provided complete responses to the questionnaire. All 15 items demonstrate a strong fit with the PCM, as indicated by mean-square (MSQ) outfit and MSQ infit values falling within the range of 0.5 to 1.5. But items 3 and 11 exhibit MSQ values greater than 1.5, suggesting that it may be challenging to predict individuals’ responses to these items. The KMO index stands at 0.7, surpassing the recommended threshold of 0.6, signifying an acceptable level of suitability. Nevertheless, only 59.3% of the total variance is accounted for by the first four factors, and these factors do not align with the dimensions identified in the original article.

Conclusion: The internal structure of the Romanian version of the MHPCI demonstrates satisfactory psychometric properties. These properties will need to be further validated through additional studies conducted in diverse socio-cultural contexts.
Growing Up with a Non-Visible Disability
Authors: Stolowitz Margaret 
Published: December 2024

Margaret Stolowitz was diagnosed with ADHD and learning disabilities at the age of 54 by Kevin Murphy of the UMASS Adult ADHD Clinic. She has experienced a lifetime of academic and vocational struggles and unfortunately was not diagnosed or treated during her earlier years. She has come a long way since beginning treatment almost three years ago. Despite her longstanding problems with spelling, math, foreign languages, reading, concentration, and self control, she recently earned her undergraduate degree from Hampshire College and has been accepted into a social work master's program. Her story is a compelling one filled with frustration, failure, triumph, and the pain of being chronically misunderstood. Through it all she has never lost her dogged perseverance and determination to succeed, her fighting spirit, or her sense of humor. Margaret plans to commit her future to helping reshape attitudes and instill hope and self confidence not only to students with learning disabilities and ADHD, but to the educational specialists who work with them. —Russell A. Barkley, 1997. Originally published in The ADHD Report, edited by Russell A. Barkley.
Продовольственная безопасность: международно-правовые аспекты и российская правоприменительная практика
Authors: Serafimovich A.E. , Prosekov A.Yu. 
Published: December 2024

В настоящей статье анализируются международно-правовые аспекты проблемы продовольственной безопасности. Определяются основные этапы формирования системы международных организаций, обеспечивающих глобальную продовольственную безопасность, и особенности современного состояния этой системы. Отмечена роль ФАО в формировании системы международной продовольственной безопасности как основы правоприменительной практики в данной области. Раскрывается проблема соотношения международно-правовых норм в области продовольственной безопасности, включающей перечень основных международных стандартов, регламентирующих качество и безопасность продукции на предприятиях пищевой, перерабатывающей промышленности, торговли и общественного питания и национальной правоприменительной практики. Формулируется вывод о наличии обратной связи между национальным и международным законодательством: национальные регламенты и стандарты рецепируются иными участниками международных организаций и приобретают международно-правовое значение. Рассматриваются основные проблемы, связанные с участием России в регулировании проблемы глобальной продовольственной безопасности. На основе фактического материала формулируется вывод, что Россия как член ИСО и ФАО принимает активное участие в разработке стандартов и законодательств в области качества и безопасности пищевой продукции с целью гармонизации последних с международными и европейскими требованиями, что ведет к существенным изменениям в стандартизации пищевых продуктов. Утверждается, что присоединение России к ВТО способствовало оптимизации порядка внутригосударственного регулирования санитарных и фитосанитарных норм: их приведение в соответствие с требованиями ВТО рассматривается авторами как отражение общей тенденции к рецепции норм международного права в данной сфере. Обращается внимание на пробелы в сфере международной продовольственной безопасности: отсутствие единой методологии оценки риска, отбора и исследования проб подкарантинной продукции, в качестве и безопасности пищевой продукции в сфере общественного питания, вобщих правилах контрольно-надзорной деятельности. Сохранение проблемы продо-вольственной безопасности в глобальном масштабе обусловливает необходимость разработки международно-правовых норм, способствующих формированию права продовольственной безопасности как отдельного подинститута международного гуманитарного права.
Simulación numérica de la eficiencia en los alabes de un ventilador centrífugo curveados hacia atrás
Authors: Alegre Rosales Maribel Yesenia , Chauca Siccha Katia Isabel 
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo la evaluación de los parámetros característicos de un ventilador centrífugo con álabes hacia atrás; para ello, se utilizó el ventilador centrífugo del laboratorio de turbomáquinas de la Universidad Nacional de Santa. Para el modelamiento del ventilador se hizo uso del software Solidwork Flow Simulation 2018, donde previamente se colocaron las condiciones de ingreso como resultado obtuvimos parámetros de presión, potencia y eficiencia. Este proceso fue de larga duración, 5 horas aproximadamente, porque se tuvo que realizar varios ensayos, en los cuales se establecen el número de nodos y estos deben llegar a parámetros estables. Concluyendo que, a medida como se va estrangulando la válvula de salida del ventilador, los parámetros van disminuyendo encontrándose la mayor presión y potencia en la configuración al 100% de velocidad del ventilador en las evaluación numérica; en cuanto a la eficiencia, también se observa la tendencia a disminuir cuando se estrangula la válvula; sin embargo, a comparación de los otros parámetros la mayor eficiencia lo encontramos en la configuración al 40% de velocidad del ventilador para las evaluaciones numérica fue de 91.4%.
Seguridad basada en el comportamiento una metodología de mejora continua aplicado a trabajos de mantenimiento líneas eléctricas
Authors: Guevara Mattos Sylvia Rosmery 
Published: December 2024

La presente investigación se realizó en una empresa de mantenimiento de líneas eléctricas con el objetivo de determinar el efecto implementar una herramienta de seguridad basada en el comportamiento. Para ello se utilizó un diseño no experimental transversal, alcance explicativo expofacto causa efecto; la técnica de recolección de datos que se uso fue la observación; con un análisis descriptivo – inferencial. Ante el problema de determinar el efecto de implementar una herramienta de seguridad en el comportamiento en una empresa de mantenimiento de líneas eléctricas se buscó cambiar el comportamiento en seguridad durante la ejecución de sus actividades laborales en el personal en estudio mediante la metodología de Seguridad basada en el comportamiento y se determinó que el índice de comportamientos inseguros ha disminuido de 38% a 29%. Se concluye que implementar la herramienta de seguridad basado en el comportamiento tiene un efecto positivo que permitirá la mejora continua en la empresa.
Correlational study on Obesity Indicators and Blood Pressure in Productive Age Group
Authors: Umara Annisaa Fitrah , Winahyu Karina Megasari , Yoyoh Imas 
Published: December 2024

Background: Hypertension causes various health problems worldwide, including in Indonesia. High blood pressure that occurs in productive age and unmanaged properly can increase various risks of disease which amya lead to health burden nationally and globally. . Currently, the lifestyle of the productive age group contributes to obesity and hypertension, amplifying the risk factors for increased Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between obesity indicators and blood pressure in the productive age group.Methods: A survey was conducted at a total of 150 respondents aged 25-64 years who had jobs, had no impaired physical mobility, and had no pregnancy. . Measurements included Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR). The data was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test.Results: The majority of the respondents were male, aged 30-39 and 40-49 years, normal range of BMI and waist circumference, but WHR and WHtR on high risk. More than half of the total respondents in the productive age group had blood pressure in the normal range. There was a strongest positive correlation between waist circumference with SBP and BMI with DBP.Conclusion: Individuals in the productive age group with higher waist circumference and BMI are more prone to elevated blood pressure. Regular health screening and lifestyle change intervention are crucial to prevent hypertension in the productive age group.
Agoriad: A Journal of Spatial Theory Mission Statement
Authors: Brigstocke Julian , Closs Stephens Angharad , Doel Marcus , Rose Mitch 
Published: December 2024

Agoriad: A Journal of Spatial Theory is a new, open-access journal designed to provide a supportive home for new and emerging early career researchers in Human Geography and cognate disciplines who are engaged in spatial theory, broadly conceived and practiced, and who are pushing the boundaries of their fields of study. The journal also welcomes the contributions of more established academics and professors who share our ethos of advancing the scope, reach, and importance of spatial theory, and who are seeking a venue for publishing leading theoretical work.
Endoscopic-Assisted Infraclavicular Approach for Hypoplastic First Rib Resection in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Fumoto Masato , Suzuki Taku , Kiyota Yasuhiro , Matsumura Noboru , Iwamoto Takuji , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: December 2024

Case:
A 25-year-old man presented with neck and upper-limb pain. He underwent surgery for the resection of a left hypoplastic first rib, which was causing thoracic outlet syndrome. The subclavian vein was retracted through an infraclavicular incision, and an endoscope was inserted dorsally to the vein. With the assistance of endoscopy, the first rib was partially resected, and scalene muscles were released from the rib. The preoperative symptoms improved after surgery without any complications.

Conclusion:
The endoscopic-assisted infraclavicular approach enabled sufficient resection of the hypoplastic first rib, leading to satisfactory outcomes. This method can be considered as an option for resecting a hypoplastic first rib.
On becoming and being an Entrepreneur: Revisiting Hamka’s Lembaga Budi
Authors: Hakim Rahmad 
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurship is a type of work that is very interesting and challenging with lots of competition. However, in order to become a successful entrepreneur, some capital and skills are required. This study aims to find out the skills that entrepreneurs need to have in starting a business in Hamka's work entitled Lembaga Budi. Primary and secondary data were collected from Hamka's works and other works that have a focus relevant to this research. The data collected was analyzed using content data analysis, namely by combining topics relevant to entrepreneurship. The results of this study reveal, according to Hamka, that to become a successful entrepreneur, at least several important things are needed, namely: knowledge related to entrepreneurship, self-confidence, great will, work and time planning, focus on the company or job, the role of government in the entrepreneurial sector, the importance maintaining trust, maintaining product or service quality, conducting market research, promotion strategies and excellent service to customers. The results of this study contribute to enriching discourse in entrepreneurship, especially in Islamic entrepreneurship and the role of ethics in business.
An Advanced Neural Network Framework for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Lakhani Preeti , Alankar Bhavya , Ashraf Syed Shahabuddin , Parveen Suraiya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Cloud computing is rapidly expanding, and virtualized data centers are gaining favor as a practical infrastructure for the telecommunications sector. End customers, including numerous private and public organizations, have widely adopted and used Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Security remains the primary issue in cloud computing systems despite its widespread acceptance. Customers of cloud services live in constant worry of availability problems, information theft, security breaches, and data loss. With the development of machine learning (ML) tools, security applications are currently becoming more and more prominent in the literature. In this study, we investigate the applicability of enhanced Artificial Neural Networks, a well-known ML method, to identify intrusions or unusual behavior in the cloud environment. We have designed machine learning (ML) models using an enhanced ANN approach and compared the results. The UNSW-NB-15 dataset was used to train and test the models. To reduce the complexity and training time of the ML model, we have also conducted feature engineering and parameter tuning to identify the best set of features with the highest level of accuracy. We see that the accuracy of anomaly detection achieved by an enhanced ANN approach with the right features set is 99.91%. This accuracy is greater than that seen in the literature and requires fewer features to train the model.
Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX) onboard Aditya – L1: The Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS)
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Bapat Bhas , Shah Manan S. , Adalja HiteshKumar L. , Patel Arpit R. , Adhyaru Pranav R. , M. Shanmugam , Chakrabarty Dibyendu , Banerjee Swaroop B. , P. Subramanian K. , Sarkar Aveek , Ladiya Tinkal , Sebastian Jacob , Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Sushil , Singh Nishant , Dadhania M. B. , Vadawale Santosh V. , Goyal Shiv Kumar , Tiwari Neeraj Kumar , Sarda Aaditya , Painkra Deepak Kumar , Sharma Piyush , Verma Abhishek J. , Yogesh Yogesh , P Janardhan , Bhardwaj Anil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

On-board India’s Aditya L1 spacecraft is the Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS) instrument which is a part of the Aditya Solar Wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX), one of the three instruments carrying out in-situ measurements of solar wind. SWIS, comprising of two Top Hat Analyzers (THA-1 andTHA-2), is designed to measure the flux, the energy distribution and the angular distribution of primarily proton (H+ ions) and alpha (He2+ ions) particles in the energy range of 0.1–20 keV with 360◦ angular coverage in two planes, the ecliptic plane and in the plane perpendicular to it. Based on SWIS observations, it will be possible to address variations in the flux of protons and alpha particles in the ambient solar wind and in transient structures like Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICME), Stream Interaction Regions (SIR) passing through the spacecraft location. Over the life of the mission the multi-directional observational capabilities of SWIS are expected to provide valuable data on the variations in the primary composition of solar wind, its velocity distribution and directional anisotropy. The SWIS instrument will also capture the low energy end of the suprathermal population in the solar wind. These measurements are expected to pave the way to better understand the relationship between the solar wind and suprathermal population in the solar wind under varying inter-planetary conditions. This article describes the design and calibration aspects of the instrument and reports preliminary observations from the SWIS instrument.
In a manner of speaking: Dynamic tongue gestures affect vowel-like quality in howling wolves
Authors: Ekström Axel , Amici Federica , Delaunay Manon , Bohny Henry , Sward Kayla , Friedrichs Daniel , Edlund Jens , Oña Linda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Non-primate mammals do not typically employ the tongue to affect the resonant properties of the vocal tract in the manner of human articulate speech. We report observations of Hudson Bay wolves’ (Canis lupus hudsonicus) howling behavior, performed with visible dynamic tongue movements. We show that the wolves actively change the shape of their vocal tract through apical tongue gestures (i.e., the tongue tip arches anteriorly toward the palate), a phenomenon that changes vowel quality in speech. A combination of phonetic and acoustic analysis, video content analysis, and articulatory modeling indicated that these apical lingual gestures shift the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract in the “close-to-open” phonetic dimension -from [ə]–like (or “schwa–like") to one that roughly corresponds to close central rounded vowel [ʉ]. These findings provide the first evidence of dynamic lingual vocal tract filtering in a carnivoran
Formulation of Polyphenol basal emulsions from agrowaste for potential applications in food and pharmaceutics
Authors: NAIR BINDU R , J.M. Viji , S Shahina , T.B. Navya , B.Kurup Anirudh , Parvathy Sreeja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Agrowaste materials are the most plenteous and the cheapest sources of bioactive compounds. Industries across the globe are keen on fortification and value addition of almost all essential goods for human welfare. Under such circumstances, there is great scope for isolation of valuable compounds from agrowaste sources and use them as additives in foods and health supplements. The current study dealt with estimation and quantification of polyphenols from the agrowaste (peels, rinds and shells) of some selected and more commonly used food crops in South India such as Banana, Cassava, Garlic, Jackfruit, Lemon, Passion fruit, Rice and Tamarind. Both conventional (cold extraction - CE) and non-conventional methods (microwave assisted extraction- MAE and Ultrasound assisted extraction-UAE) of extraction were adopted during the preliminary assessment as well as during the standardization procedures. The materials used and methods were screened for their efficiency. It was noted that among the chosen materials, Tamarind shell had the highest quantity of polyphenols. CE was identified as a better choice. An extraction protocol could be standardized for the efficient extraction of Polyphenols from Tamarind shells. Subsequently, a nanoemulsion of extracted polyphenols was prepared and characterized. The characterization parameters disclose the merits of the nanoemulsions for possible applications in food and pharma industries. The results emphasize the benefit of designing cost-effective strategies for the recovery of essential biomolecules from agrowaste and utilize them for valorization of utilitarian goods.
Orientability of Undirected Phylogenetic Networks to a Desired Class: Practical Algorithms and Application to Tree-Child Orientation
Authors: Urata Tsuyoshi , Yokoyama Manato , Miyaji Haruki , Hayamizu Momoko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The C-Orientation problem asks whether it is possible to orient an undirected graph to a directed phylogenetic network of a desired network class C. This problem arises, for example, when visualising evolutionary data, as popular methods such as Neighbor-Net are distance-based and inevitably produce undirected graphs. The complexity of C-Orientation remains open for many classes, including binary tree-child networks, and practical methods are still lacking. In this paper, we propose an exact FPT algorithm for C-Orientation that is applicable to any class C and parameterised by the reticulation number and the maximum size of minimal basic cycles, and a very fast heuristic for Tree-Child Orientation. While the state-of-the-art for C-Orientation is a simple exponential time algorithm whose computational bottleneck lies in searching for appropriate reticulation vertex placements, our methods significantly reduce this search space. Experiments show that, although our FPT algorithm is still exponential, it significantly outperforms the existing method. The heuristic runs even faster but with increasing false negatives as the reticulation number grows. Given this trade-off, we also discuss theoretical directions for improvement and biological applicability of the heuristic approach.