bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Storage and Processing Functions in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex of the Nonhuman Primate
Authors: Levy Richard , Goldman-Rakic Patricia S. 
Published: April 2018

The prominent role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in working memory (WM) is widely acknowledged both in nonhuman primates and in humans. However, less agreement exists on the issue of functional segregation within different subregions of the PFC with regard to the domains of spatial and nonspatial processing or involvement in simpler versus more complex aspects of WM, e.g., maintenance versus processing function. To address these issues, six monkeys were trained to perform four WM tasks that differed with respect to domain (spatial vs nonspatial) and level of WM demand (recall of one vs three items). The delayed response format was used to assess simple one-item memory, whereas self-ordering tasks were used to require the monkey to maintain and organize three items of information within WM. After training, the monkeys received bilateral PFC lesions in one of two different areas, Walker’s areas 9 and 8B (dorsomedial convexity;n= 3) or areas 46 and 8A (dorsolateral cortex,n= 3) and then tested postoperatively on all tasks.Monkeys with lesions of the dorsomedial convexity were not impaired either on spatial or nonspatial WM tasks, whether the task required simple storage or sequential processing. By contrast, lesions of the dorsolateral cortex produced a significant and persistent impairment in both simple and complex spatial WM but no impairment in the two nonspatial WM tasks. These results support a functional segregation within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for WM: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (area 46/8A) is selectively involved in spatial WM, whereas the dorsomedial convexity (area 9/8B) is not critically engaged in either spatial or nonspatial working memory. Furthermore, the specific involvement of area 46/8A in spatial sequencing as well as in single-item storage WM tasks supports, in the nonhuman primate, an areal dissociation based on domain rather than on processing demand.
Subunit-Specific Association of Protein Kinase C and the Receptor for Activated C Kinase with GABA Type A Receptors
Authors: Brandon Nicholas J. , Uren Julia M. , Kittler Josef T. , Wang Hongbing , Olsen Richard , Parker Peter J. , Moss Stephen J. 
Published: April 2018

GABA receptors (GABAA) are the major sites of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain and can be assembled from five subunit classes: α, β, γ, δ, and ε. Receptor function can be regulated by direct phosphorylation of β and γ2 subunits, but how kinases are targeted to GABAAreceptors is unknown. Here we show that protein kinase C-βII (PKC-βII) is capable of directly binding to the intracellular domain of the receptor β1 and β3 subunits, but not to those of the α1 or γ2 subunits. Moreover, associating PKC-βII is capable of specifically phosphorylating serine 409 in β1 subunit and serines 408/409 within the β3 subunit, key residues for modulating GABAAreceptor function. The receptor for activated C kinase (RACK-1) was found also to bind to the β1 subunit intracellular domain, but PKC binding appeared to be independent of this protein. Using immunoprecipitation, the association of PKC isoforms and RACK-1 with neuronal GABAAreceptors was seen. Furthermore, PKC isoforms associating with neuronal receptors were capable of phosphorylating the receptor β3 subunit.Together, these observations suggest GABAAreceptors are intimately associated with PKC isoforms via a direct interaction with receptor β subunits. This interaction may serve to localize PKC activity to GABAAreceptors in neurons allowing the rapid regulation of receptor activity by cell-signaling pathways that modify PKC activity.
The Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Components Are Differentially Regulated within Sensory Neurons after Nerve Injury
Authors: Bennett David L. H. , Boucher Timothy J. , Armanini Mark P. , Poulsen Kris T. , Michael Gregory J. , Priestley John V. , Phillips Heidi S. , McMahon Stephen B. , Shelton David L. 
Published: April 2018

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has potent trophic effects on adult sensory neurons after nerve injury and is one of a family of proteins that includes neurturin, persephin, and artemin. Sensitivity to these factors is conferred by a receptor complex consisting of a ligand binding domain (GFRα1–GFRα4) and a signal transducing domain RET. We have investigated the normal expression of GDNF family receptor components within sensory neurons and the response to nerve injury.In normal rats, RET and GFRα1 were expressed in a subpopulation of both small- and large-diameter afferents projecting through the sciatic nerve [60 and 40% of FluoroGold (FG)-labeled cells, respectively]. GFRα2 and GFRα3 were both expressed principally within small-diameter DRG cells (30 and 40% of FG-labeled cells, respectively). Two weeks after sciatic axotomy, the expression of GFRα2 was markedly reduced (to 12% of sciatic afferents). In contrast, the proportion of sciatic afferents that expressed GFRα1 increased (to 66% of sciatic afferents) so that virtually all large-diameter afferents expressed this receptor component, and the expression of GFRα3 also increased (to 66% of sciatic afferents) so that almost all of the small-diameter afferents expressed this receptor component after axotomy. There was little change in RET expression.The changes in the proportions of DRG cells expressing different receptor components were mirrored by alterations in the total RNA levels within the DRG. The changes in GFRα1 and GFRα2 expression after axotomy could be largely reversed by treatment with GDNF.
Isolation andIn VitroDifferentiation of Conditionally Immortalized Murine Olfactory Receptor Neurons
Authors: Barber Robert D. , Jaworsky Donna E. , Yau King-Wai , Ronnett Gabriele V. 
Published: April 2018

Two major challenges exist in our understanding of the olfactory system. One concerns the enormous combinatorial code underlying odorant discrimination by odorant receptors. The other relates to neurogenesis and neuronal development in the olfactory epithelium. To address these issues, continuous cell cultures containing olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were obtained from olfactory epithelia of H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mice. ORNs were detected and characterized by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot for the markers Gαolf, adenylyl cyclase III, the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunits, and olfactory marker protein. In culture, epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor stimulated proliferation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 induced cellular maturation.Clonal cell lines were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with anti-neural cell adhesion molecule antibodies, and of 144 single cells plated, 39 clones were expanded, propagated, and stored in liquid nitrogen. All attempts at recovery of clonal lines from frozen stocks have been successful. The most thoroughly characterized clone, 3NA12, expressed ORN markers and responded to stimulation by single odorants. Each odorant activated ∼1% of cells in a clonal line, and this suggests that many different odorant receptors may be expressed by these clonal cells. Therefore, these cell lines and the method by which they have been obtained represent a significant advance in the generation of olfactory cell cultures and provide a system to investigate odorant coding and olfactory neurogenesis.
diploS/HIC: An Updated Approach to Classifying Selective Sweeps
Authors: Kern Andrew D , Schrider Daniel R 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIdentifying selective sweeps in populations that have complex demographic histories remains a difficult problem in population genetics. We previously introduced a supervised machine learning approach, S/HIC, for finding both hard and soft selective sweeps in genomes on the basis of patterns of genetic variation surrounding a window of the genome. While S/HIC was shown to be both powerful and precise, the utility of S/HIC was limited by the use of phased genomic data as input. In this report we describe a deep learning variant of our method, diploS/HIC, that uses unphased genotypes to accurately classify genomic windows. diploS/HIC is shown to be quite powerful even at moderate to small sample sizes.
KOMPOSISI JENIS, SEBARAN DAN KEPADATAN STOK UDANG PADA MUSIM SELATAN DI PERAIRAN TIMUR KALIMANTAN
Authors: Tirtadanu Tirtadanu , Suprapto Suprapto , Putri Pane Andina Ramadhani 
Published: April 2018

Kajian tentang komposisi, sebaran dan kepadatan stok udang merupakan informasi penting sebagai evaluasi dampak aktivitas penangkapan udang saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji komposisi jenis, sebaran dan kepadatan stok udang pada saat musim selatan di perairan Timur Kalimantan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September – Oktober 2016 menggunakan Kapal Riset Baruna Jaya IV. Estimasi kepadatan stok menggunakan metode sapuan (swept area method) dengan menggunakan trawl dasar berukuran tali ris atas 36 m. Lama penarikan jaring 1 jam dengan kecepatan kapal sekitar 3 knot. Analisis terhadap 11 stasiun pengamatan yang berhasil menunjukkan komposisi udang terdiri dari 14 spesies yang tergolong dalam 7 genera dan 3 famili. Spesies yang dominan meliputi udang dogol (Metapenaeus ensis), udang windu (Penaeus monodon) dan udang jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis). Berdasarkan lokasinya, kepadatan stok tertinggi ditemukan di sebelah timur Balikpapan dan secara umum kepadatan stok tertinggi ditemukan pada kedalaman kurang dari 40 m. Kepadatan stok udang berkorelasi dengan kedalaman di mana udang jerbung hanya tertangkap pada kedalaman kurang dari 40 m. Udang dogol ditemukan pada kedalaman hingga 60 m namun lebih padat pada kedalaman kurang dari 40 m, sedangkan udang windu lebih padat pada perairan yang lebih dalam yaitu antara 40-60 m. Total kepadatan stok udang pada musim selatan di perairan Timur Kalimantan adalah 16,5 ± 9,7 kg/km2. Study of species composition, distribution and stock density of shrimp was important information to evaluate of the impact of current shrimp fishing to its sustainability. The aim of this research is to study composition, distribution and stock density of shrimps during south monsoon in East of Kalimantan which was conducted in September – October 2016. R.V. Baruna Jaya IV was used as a platform of trawl sampling. Stock density was estimated by swept area method using bottom trawl with headrope length of 36 m. Towing duration of 1 hour and vessel speed around 3 knot. The analysis of successful haul of 11 stations showed that the composition of shrimps consist of 14 species from 7 genera and 3 family. The dominant species (38.4%) were greasyback shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis), while giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) 22.2% and banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) 16.7%. Based on the geographic location, the highest stock density was found in East Waters of Balikpapan with depth stratum of less than 40 m. The density of shrimp correlated with depths where banana prawn found in depths of less than 40 m. Greasyback shrimp found in depths of more than 60 m with more abundant in depth less than 40 m, while giant tiger prawn were more abundant in deeper water in depths between 40 – 60 m. Total density of shrimps during south monsoon in East of Kalimantan Waters was 16.5 ± 9.7 kg/km2.
Iron, Iodine and Selenium Effects on Quality, Shelf Life and Microbial Activity of Cherry Tomatoes
Authors: ISLAM Mohammad Z. , MELE Mahmuda A. , BAEK Jun P. , KANG Ho-Min 
Published: April 2018

Tomatoes have high nutritional and economical value and its deterioration start after harvest. They need proper treatments to increase and maintain quality as well as shelf life. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of iron, iodine and selenium on quality, shelf life and microbial activity of cherry tomatoes. Iron (1 mg/L), iodine (1 mg/L) and selenium (1 mg/L) were supplied with nutrient solution for five weeks prior to harvest. Then, cherry tomatoes were stored at 5 °C to assess quality, shelf life and microbial activity. The highest Ca content (p < 0.05) revealed in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes. Lower respiration and ethylene production were showed in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes both harvest time and after storage compared with iron and iodine treatments. At harvest time and after storage, the respiration were 1.29 (p < 0.05) and 0.62 mL/kg/hr (p < 0.01), respectively in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes. Moreover at harvest time and after storage in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes, the ethylene production was 2.11 and 0.87 μL/kg/hr (p < 0.01), respectively. The lowest fresh weight loss, the longest shelf life (p < 0.01), the least fungal incidence rate and microbial activities were found in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes. The longest shelf life of selenium-treated cherry tomatoeswas 22 days. Selenium-treated cherry tomatoes’ firmness increased (16.82N) at harvest time (p < 0.05) and it was significantly retained (12.70N) after storage (p < 0.01). Color development and lycopene content were more suppressed by selenium treatment after storage than iron and iodine treatments. Titratable acidity, vitamin C and soluble solids increased in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes after storage. Based on results, selenium-treated cherry tomatoes have significant potential to increase and maintain quality and shelf life.
A REVIEW REGARDING HAND EXOSKELETON TECHNOLOGIES FOR REHABILITATION
Authors: Birouaș Flaviu , Avram Florin , Nilgesz Arnold , Mihalca Vlad Ovidiu 
Published: April 2018

This paper will be presenting a short review regarding robotic rehabilitation devices. The focus of rehabilitation are aimed for the human hand, mainly for regaining motor functions by the aid of robotics. A comprehensive statistical study will be presented regarding tendencies in the field of rehabilitation, medical robotics and technologies used for robotic exoskeletons based on existing published papers. A short review on existing practical examples is also presented. In the final part of the papers a short comparison is debated between soft robotic devices and rigid robotic devices used in hand rehabilitation. After presenting the review of the current state of the art a conclusion regarding the future direction of rehabilitation devices is proposed.
BİR DEĞERLER SKALASININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ VE BU SKALANIN POLİTİK VE DİNİ YÖNELİMLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Cesur Sevim , Bayad Aydın , Yılmaz Onurcan , Tepe Beyza 
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmanın
temel amacı, Türkiye’de yaşayan bir katılımcı grubundan elde edilen değerlerden
yola çıkarak yerel bir değerler ölçeği oluşturmak ve bu değerlerin politik/dini
yönelime ek olarak Schwartz’ın değer kategorileriyle ilişkisini
incelemektir. Araştırmanın ilk
aşamasında, açık uçlu cevap yöntemiyle 395 katılımcıdan en önem verdikleri
değerler elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında ise bu değerler, bir
değerler skalası haline getirilerek 230 katılımcıya uygulama yapılmıştır. Her
iki aşamada da katılımcılara ayrıca politik ve dini yönelim sorularını da
içeren demografik form ve Portre Değerler Anketi’nin iki farklı sürümü verilmiştir.
Analizler sonucunda “Adil Paylaşım ve Erdemler”, “Geleneksel Değerler”,
“İçtenlik ve Beraberlik”, “Üretkenlik ve Başarı” ve “Evrensel Değerler ve
Yaşama Heyecanı” şeklinde beş faktörlü ve 68 maddelik
bir ölçek ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu faktörler, Portre
Değerler Anketlerinin ilgili değer tip ve boyutlarıyla ve
politik ve dini yönelimle genellikle beklenen yönde ilişkiler göstermiştir.
"Golazo" (2013): histórias esquecidas, música e futebol [álbum de Viejo Smoking]
Authors: Tonet Vinicius Garzon 
Published: April 2018

O grupo argentino Viejo Smoking vasculha o passado do futebol buscando histórias desviantes que fragmentam o discurso do sucesso e da lógica mercadológica do futebol no álbum Golazo - tributo al balompié (2013). As influências vão do rock ao tango. A mistura de estilos combina com a riqueza das letras.
Effect of living environment on ear, nose and throat diseases: a cross sectional survey in rural areas of Rohtas district in Bihar
Authors: Kumar Sujeet , Aslami Ahmad Nadeem , Rai Tarkeshwar , Alwa Bhaskar 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases are very common in general population. Internal living environment can act an important risk factor for these diseases. In rural areas, patients do not consult ENT experts. So, free health camps can bring treatment facilities at their doorsteps. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern and prevalence of ENT diseases in rural areas of Sasaram, Rohats district, Bihar and to find out the effect of living environment on these diseases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study<strong> </strong>was conducted using camp approach in rural areas of Sasaram, Rohtas, Bihar. ENT and Community Medicine experts, interns along with audiologists, medico social workers, nurses and paramedical staff were voluntarily involved.<strong> </strong>The patients were screened and referred to ENT experts. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the internal environment factors associated with ENT diseases. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 832 patients, 61.9% were suffering from ENT disorders. Most common age group affected was of 31-40 years. 54.8% of patients were suffering from ear diseases while nasal and throat problem was seen in 14.9% and 30.3% respectively.<strong> </strong>Multiple logistic regression analysis of living environment conditions propounds that non-availability of cross ventilation in houses and overcrowding are most important factor influencing ENT diseases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Free health camps conducted by medical experts act as an opportunity to screen people with various diseases of ENT in a community. Bad internal environment can act as a vital determinant for these diseases.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Should Premarital Screening for Blood Disorders be an Obligatory Measure in Oman?
Authors: Al-Balushi Amal A. , Al-Hinai Budoor 
Published: April 2018

Due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages in Oman, there is a correspondingly high prevalence of hereditary blood disorders, particularly sickle cell disease and β-thalassaemia. This article proposes the possibility of implementing mandatory premarital carrier screening for blood disorders in Oman, while giving due consideration to potential social and cultural obstacles. Although the implementation of such legislation would require collaboration between different sectors and may negatively affect the autonomy of certain individuals, mandatory premarital screening would help to alleviate the burden of hereditary blood disorders on the national healthcare system, as well as reduce avoidable suffering among carriers and their families.
Determination of an Aspergillus fumigatus-Specific Immunoglobulin G Reference Range in an Adult Omani Population
Authors: Al-Rahman Munira , Al Kindi Mahmood , Kutty Ibrahim , Al-Kalbani Ibrahim , Alshekaili Jalila 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The presence of abnormally high levels of Aspergillus fumigatus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies can serve as a diagnostic criterion for severe conditions like allergic bronchopulmonary and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. This study aimed to determine a reference range of A. fumigatus-specific IgG levels within a healthy adult Omani population. Methods: This study took place during November 2015 at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. The sera of 125 healthy Omani blood donors were tested for A. fumigatus-specific IgG levels using an automated fluorescence enzyme immunoassay. Results: Initially, the data were not normally distributed; however, log transformation and the exclusion of four outliers resulted in an acceptable Gaussian distribution. The reference range was 2.0–68.7 mgA/L at the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles, respectively, with 90% confidence intervals of 2.0–3.0 mgA/L and 48.0–76.0 mgA/L, respectively. Conclusion: The A. fumigatus-specific IgG reference range within a healthy adult Omani population was comparable to those reported in other populations.
Synovial Haemangioma of the Elbow: A rare paediatric case and imaging dilemma
Authors: Hoe Han G. , Zaki Faizah M. , Rashid Abdul H. A. 
Published: April 2018

Synovial haemangiomas are rare benign vascular proliferations arising in synovium-lined surfaces. While the knee is by far the joint most commonly involved, this condition can also occur in the elbow. We report an eight-year-old boy who presented to the National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2016 with a left elbow swelling of one year’s duration. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a lobulated intraarticular mass with intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging and low signal punctate and linear structures within the hyperintense mass on T2-weighted imaging. In addition, there was heterogeneous yet avid contrast enhancement on post-gadolinium contrast images. The mass had juxta-articular extension and bony erosion to the coronoid process and the head of the radius. Synovial haemangiomas present a diagnostic dilemma. This report highlights certain imaging characteristics to distinguish this entity from other differential diagnoses.
Polissacarídeo de Escherichia coli na Prevenção da Infeção do Trato Urinário Recorrente: Uma Revisão Baseada na Evidência
Authors: Tinoco Manuel , Santos Mélody , Reitor Conceição , Rodrigues Andreia , Monteiro João 
Published: April 2018

Introdução: A infeção do trato urinário recorrente é frequente e associa-se a morbilidade, custos e aquisição de resistências a antibióticos. A vacina OM 8930 é constituída por um polissacarídeo de Escherichia coli e é uma possível medida profilática, mas existe dúvida quanto à sua efetividade.Material e Métodos: Realizámos uma revisão sistemática das principais bases de dados de medicina baseada na evidência, com seleção criteriosa dos artigos encontrados.Resultados: Verificámos uma efetiva diminuição do número de recorrências nos grupos experimentais.Discussão: Admitimos a recomendação do uso da vacina como profilaxia da cistite recorrente.Conclusão: A vacina tem impacto na recidiva da cistite recorrente. Sugerimos a realização de mais estudos para avaliar o custo/benefício da vacina, bem como o seu efeito nas infeções urinárias complicadas.