bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience with using fosfestrol for treating metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer in resource-limited setting
Authors: Kalaiyarasi Jayachandran Perumal , Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Ganesan Trivadi S , Raja Anand , Ganesan Prasanth , Dhanushkodi Manikandan , Sagar Tenali Gnana 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Fosfestrol is a low-cost estrogen analog that is useful in the management of metastatic prostate cancer in resource-challenged settings. It acts by altering the pituitary axis, adrenal secretion, and 5-alpha reductase activity. Patients and Methods: The outcomes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with fosfestrol in our center between June 2012 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Fosfestrol was given orally at a dose of 120 mg thrice daily. Event was defined as the discontinuation of fosfestrol due to tumor progression or drug toxicity or death due to any cause. The event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: The analysis included 47 patients with a median age of 65 years. Initial Gleason score was available for 41 of 47 patients, of which 17% (7), 39% (16), and 44% (18) were low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk, respectively. The most common site of metastasis was bone (98%). Of 47 patients, 32 (68%) received fosfestrol as the second line of treatment after progression on complete androgen blockade, 14/47 (30%) received it as the third line, and 1/47 received it as the fourth line of treatment. The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value at the start of fosfestrol and the nadir PSA value were 43.7 ng/ml and 13.1 ng/ml, respectively. Ninety-one percent (n = 43) of patients had not been previously treated with chemotherapy (docetaxel). Response of PSA of >50% was observed in 55% (n = 26) of patients. The median EFS and median OS after the start of fosfestrol were 6.8 and 14.7 months, respectively, with a median follow-up of 10.9 months. Only two patients developed Grade 3 toxicity, both of whom had diarrhea. Conclusions: In resource-challenged settings, oral fosfestrol is an effective, cheap, and safe option for the management of metastatic prostate cancer progressing after first-line complete androgen blockade.
Drug review: Fosaprepitant
Authors: Radhakrishnan Venkatraman 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a significant contributor to the treatment morbidity experienced by patients with cancer. With effective prophylactic anti-emetics given prior to administration of moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC or HEC) it is expected that 70-80% of patients will have no CINV. Fosaprepitant is an intravenous prodrug of aprepitant that acts as an anti-emetic by blocking the neurokinin (NK-1) receptor. Fosaprepitant in combination with dexamethasone and 5-HT3 antagonist like ondansetron has been shown to be effective in preventing CINV in patients receiving MEC or HEC. The current review discusses the pharmacology and clinical indications for the use of fosaprepitant. The evidence for the effectiveness of fosaprepitant in the prevention of CINV and the commonly observed adverse events with its administration is discussed in this review.
Selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors as anticancer drugs: Moving beyond hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Chaudhuri Tamojit , Babu K Govind , Lakshmaiah KC , Dasappa Lokanatha , Jacob Linu Abraham , Babu MC Suresh , Rudresha AH , Lokesh KN , Rajeev LK 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 pathway controls the cell cycle machinery by regulating the G1-to-S-phase transition. Dysregulation of this pathway, resulting in increased cellular proliferation, is frequently observed in a variety of human cancers. Activation of cyclin D-CDK 4/6 pathway can occur through different mechanisms, including gene amplification/rearrangement, loss of negative regulatory factors, epigenetic modifications, and point mutations of different components of this pathway. Quite conspicuously, CDK 4/6 inhibitors have emerged as promising anticancer agents in various tumors in which CDK 4/6 has a pivotal role in the G1-to-S-phase cell cycle transition. The clinical use of first-generation, nonselective pan-CDK inhibitors was not progressed beyond early phase trials, due to unacceptable toxicity and lack of efficacy noted with these agents. The emergence of selective CDK 4/6 inhibitors, including ribociclib, abemaciclib, and palbociclib, has enabled us to effectively target cyclin D-CDK 4/6 pathway, at the cost of acceptable toxicity. The results of landmark phase III trials investigating palbociclib and ribociclib in advanced hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer have demonstrated a substantial clinical benefit with a well-tolerated toxicity profile. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to selective CDK 4/6 inhibitors are beginning to emerge. Clearly, a detailed understanding of these resistance mechanisms is very much essential for the rational development of post-CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapeutic strategies. Extending the use of selective CDK 4/6 inhibitors beyond HR-positive breast cancer is a challenging task and will likely require identification of clinically meaningful biomarkers to predict response and the use of combination approaches to optimize CDK 4/6 targeting.
Reverse redistribution on Rb-82: Does the mechanism of stress play a role?
Authors: Martineau Patrick , Harel Francois , Pelletier-Galarneau Matthieu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present a case of reverse redistribution in a patient imaged with Rb-82 positron-emitting tomography. The patient was imaged twice in rapid succession using pharmacological stress – once with dipyridamole and once with dobutamine. The patient demonstrated reverse redistribution after dipyridamole but not after dobutamine administration. We speculate on the relationship between the pharmacological stressing agent and the presence of reverse redistribution.
Serendipitous actinomycosis infection mimicking malignant lesion in carcinoma of unknown primary
Authors: Choudhury Sayak , Agrawal Archi , Rane Swapnil , Rangarajan V 
Published: April 2019

AbstractActinomycosis is a bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species that are commensal in the human oral cavity, digestive tract, and genital tract. The present case highlights actinomycosis of the hypopharynx, mimicking malignancy in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography.
Efficacy and safety of 177Lutetium-prostate-specific membrane antigen therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: First experience in West Asia – A prospective study
Authors: Aghdam Ramin Akbarian , Amoui Mahasti , Ghodsirad Mohammadali , Khoshbakht Sepide , Mofid Bahram , Kaghazchi Fateme , Tavakoli Mehrdad , Pirayesh Elahe , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProstate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed on the surface of prostate cancer (PC) cells, making it an excellent radiotracer for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. In this prospective study, we investigated the efficacy and toxicity of 177Lutetium (Lu)-PSMA in metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) patients for the establishment and approval of this therapy in Iran. Fourteen mCRPC patients (mean age 70.57 ± 7.3 years) were treated with a single dose of 177Lu-PSMA. Complete blood count, liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), alkaline phosphatase levels, renal function tests (urea and creatinine), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were obtained for the patients at baseline and every 2 weeks. A majority of the patients (11 patients, 64.2%) experienced a decline in their PSA levels; in 5 (45.4%) of these patients, the PSA levels declined > 50%.The severity of pain decreased in 8 (57.1%) patients, and performance status was improved in 5 (45.4%) patients. The treatment was well tolerated, and no severe hematological or nonhematological side effects were observed. Our findings show that 177Lu-PSMA had a high efficacy and a low toxicity in an Iranian population and is a promising treatment option for PC patients.
A unicorn in Alice in Wonderland syndrome
Authors: Landais Anne , Michelin Thibault 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report the case of a 56-year-old man presenting several episodes of body image distortions with a sensation of having a horn growing on his forehead, as a unicorn, corresponding to the Alice in Wonderland syndrome. Brain single-photon emission computed tomography with technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime showed hypoperfusion of the visual primary cortex, expanding to the temporo-occipital junction bilaterally but predominantly on the right side.
68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography to detect the recurrence of phosphaturic mesenhcymal tumor-induced osteomalacia
Authors: Bhalla Manav I. , Wirtz Kennedy M. , Fair Eric S. , Bucklan Daniel J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has shown superiority over111Indium-octreotide scanning for the detection of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs). We report a case of tumor-induced osteomalacia resulting from PMT which, although initially clinically suspected, was not localized on octreotide scintigraphy performed several years prior. Subsequent surgical excision of a presumed benign osseous lesion a few years later revealed the diagnosis on pathology. Imaging assessment using 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT following recent clinical suspicion for recurrence revealed an intense tracer-avid lesion at the primary tumor site. DOTATATE imaging plays an important role in localizing tumors with high somatostatin receptor expression, such as neuroendocrine tumors (pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, and neuroblastoma), meningioma, and mesenchymal tumors, causing oncogenic osteomalacia.
Temporal muscle uptake causing an unusual focal artifact on three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections statistical maps of (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose brain positron emission tomography in a patient with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Thientunyakit Tanyaluck , Minoshima Satoshi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract(18F) fluorodeoxyglucose brain positron emission tomography and statistical mapping analysis, such as three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections, have been used widely for the evaluation of dementia patients. We present an unusual focal artifact on the statistical maps resulting from intense temporal muscle uptake in a patient with Alzheimer's disease. Various degrees of physiologic uptake can be seen in head and neck muscles. However, it is unusual to see a focal artifact on the statistical maps due to temporal muscle uptake. This case illustrates the importance of quality control of imaging processing when atypical findings are seen on statistical maps.
Calcified peritoneal metastasis due to advanced ovarian cancer: Incidental finding in bone scan and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography
Authors: Elhamady Hadeer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present the case of a 51-year-old female complaining of persistent abdominal pain that started 5 months ago with recent bone pain. Abdomen-pelvic computed tomography (CT) showed a large pelvic mass raising the possibility of a malignant neoplasm. Bone scan was done to rule out bone metastases and showed extraskeletal abdominal tracer uptake with the single-photon emission CT/CT imaging showing the uptake to correspond to multiple calcified peritoneal deposits.
PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein characteristics as cardiovascular biomarkers
Authors: Murillo González Fátima E. , Ponce-RuÍz Néstor , Rojas-GarcÍa Aurora E. , Bernal-Hernández Yael Y. , Mackness Mike , Ponce-Gallegos Jaime , Cardoso-Saldaña Guillermo , Jorge-Galarza Esteban , Torres-Tamayo Margarita , Medina-Díaz Irma Martha 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionSerum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is now known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses in patients with proven CVD, cardiovascular risk factors but no CVD (CRF), and in healthy controls (control group).Material and methodsA case-control study was carried out with 69 volunteers from the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico. Clinical parameters, lipid profile, PON1 concentration, PON1 activities (AREase and CMPAase), and HDL subclasses were evaluated.ResultsPatients with CVD had significantly higher glucose and lower total cholesterol than the control group had (p < 0.01). AREase activity was not different between the control (122.57 ±30.72 U/ml), CRF (115.81 ±32.81 U/ml), and CVD (109.34 ±29.60 U/ml) groups. PON1 concentration was significantly lower in CVD patients than in CRF and control patients (p < 0.001); a positive correlation was observed between AREase activity and PON1 concentration in the CVD group (Rho = 0.58; p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease in PON1 level was associated with the CVD group (RRR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09–0.45) but not with the CRF group (RRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.89–1.90). Significant differences were observed in HDL 2a and HDL 3a concentrations between the control group and CRF and CVD groups (p < 0.05), but not between the CRF and CVD groups.ConclusionsOur data suggest that PON1 status and HDL characteristics could be early biomarkers that predict the potential for developing CVD.
Assessment of lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Razek Ahmed Abdel , El-Hadidy El-hadidy Mohamed , Moawad Mohamed El-Said , El-Metwaly Nader , El-hamid El-Said Amr Abd 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo assess the lacrimal glands in patients with thyroid eye disease with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.Material and methodsThis study was carried out on 44 consecutive patients (17 males, 27 females, with mean age 36 years) with thyroid eye disease and 20 age- and sex-matched volunteers. They underwent diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the orbit. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lacrimal glands were calculated and correlated with the clinical activity score (CAS).ResultsThe mean ADC of lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease (1.73 × 10–3 mm<sup>2</sup>/s) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than that of volunteers (1.52 × 10–3 mm<sup>2</sup>/s). The cutoff ADC value of lacrimal gland used for differentiation of thyroid eye disease from volunteers was 1.62 × 10–3 mm<sup>2</sup>/s with an area under the curve value of 0.95 and an accuracy of 96%. There was significant difference (p = 0.03) in the ADC of the lacrimal glands in patients with active (n = 24) and inactive (n = 20) disease. The cutoff ADC value of the lacrimal gland used to suspect active disease was 1.76 × 10–3 mm<sup>2</sup>/s with an area under the curve value of 0.80 and an accuracy of 82%. There was positive correlation between the ADC value of the lacrimal glands and CAS (r = 0.73, p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe ADC of the lacrimal glands is a non-invasive imaging parameter that can be used for diagnosis of thyroid eye disease and to predict the active form of the disease.
Success rate of adrenal venous sampling and predictors for success: a retrospective study
Authors: Chayovan Thorsang , Limumpornpetch Padiporn , Hongsakul Keerati 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo report the success rate of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) and identify the predictors for procedural success.Material and methodsSixty-four patients (18 men and 46 women) with a mean ± SD age of 50 ± 11.8 years (range 28-69 years) diagnosed as primary hyperaldosteronism, and who underwent AVS from January 2009 to December 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. In our institution, the initial period to perform the AVS was set from 2009 to 2013, and the post-initial period was defined as procedures performed after 2013. Successful sampling was determined when the ratio of cortisol from the adrenal vein to the level of cortisol in the inferior vena cava ≥ 5. The procedural success and subject factors between success and failure were analysed. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe success rate of bilateral AVS was 71.9%. The success rates of right and left AVS were 76.6% and 90.6%, respectively. Male patients were more likely to succeed than female patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-85.14; p = 0.009). In our institution, the procedure performed in the post-initial period also succeeded more often compared to the initial period (aOR, 5.05; 95% CI, 1.2-21.16; p = 0.017). No other factors were associated with the success rate in this study.ConclusionsThe success rate of bilateral AVS in our institution was rather high. Male gender and procedure performed in the post-initial period were significant predictive factors for a successful procedure.
Muscle strength and bone mass density in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Fiłon Tadeusz , Rogowski Łukasz , Kusztal Mariusz , Bulińska Katarzyna , Pawlaczyk Weronika , Gołębiowski Tomasz , Zembroń-Łacny Agnieszka , Klinger Marian , Woźniewski Marek , Dziubek Wioletta 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to examine muscle strength and bone density in patients with end stage renal disease on maintenance haemodialysis.MethodsThe study included 76 patients: 29 women and 47 men aged 42–90 years. The time on dialysis varied from 2 months to 13 years. Bone density was assessed with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method, and muscle strength of upper and lower extremities with Rikli and Jones arm curl test and the 30-second sit-to-stand test.ResultsSignificant correlations between muscle strength and bone density were found. Results varied in relation to gender. A higher rate of upper extremity muscle strength loss was noted among men. A higher rate of lower extremity muscle strength loss was observed in the female group. A higher rate of bone density loss was reported among women than in men.ConclusionsThe relationship between muscle strength and bone mass density among haemodialysis patients warrants further study to clarify if physical exercise focused on muscle in those patients can improve bone mass density.
Intercomparison of O3 formation and radical chemistry in the past decade at a suburban site in Hong Kong
Authors: Liu Xufei , Lyu Xiaopu , Wang Yu , Jiang Fei , Guo Hai 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Hong Kong, as one of the densely populated metropolises in East Asia, has
been suffering from severe photochemical smog in the past decades, though
the observed nitrogen oxides (NOx) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) were significantly reduced. This study, based on the observation
data in the autumns of 2007, 2013 and 2016, investigated the photochemical
ozone (O3) formation and radical chemistry during the three sampling
periods in Hong Kong with the aid of a photochemical box model incorporating
the Master Chemical Mechanism (PBM–MCM). While the simulated locally
produced O3 remained unchanged (p=0.73) from 2007 to 2013, the
observed O3 increased (p < 0.05) at a rate of 1.78 ppbv yr−1 driven
by the rise in regionally transported O3 (1.77±0.04 ppbv yr−1).
Both the observed and locally produced O3 decreased (p < 0.05)
from the VOC sampling days in 2013 to those in 2016 at a rate of
-5.31±0.07 and -5.52±0.05 ppbv yr−1, respectively.
However, a leveling-off (p=0.32) was simulated for the regionally
transported O3 during 2013–2016. The mitigation of autumn O3
pollution in this region was further confirmed by the continuous monitoring
data, which have never been reported. Benefiting from the
air pollution control measures taken in Hong Kong, the local O3
production rate decreased remarkably (p < 0.05) from 2007 to 2016,
along with the lowering of the recycling rate of the hydroxyl radical (OH).
Specifically, VOCs emitted from the source of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
usage and gasoline evaporation decreased in this decade at a rate of
-2.61±0.03 ppbv yr−1, leading to a reduction of the O3
production rate from 0.51±0.11 ppbv h−1 in 2007 to 0.10±0.02 ppbv h−1 in 2016. In addition, solvent usage made decreasing
contributions to both VOCs (rate =-2.29±0.03 ppbv yr−1) and
local O3 production rate (1.22±0.17 and 0.14±0.05 ppbv h−1 in 2007 and 2016, respectively) in the same period. All the rates
reported here were for the VOC sampling days in the three sampling
campaigns. It is noteworthy that meteorological changes also play important
roles in the inter-annual variations in the observed O3 and the
simulated O3 production rates. Evaluations with more data in longer
periods are therefore recommended. The analyses on the decadal changes of
the local and regional photochemistry in Hong Kong in this study may be a
reference for combating China's nationwide O3 pollution in near
future.
Cold-water corals and hydrocarbon-rich seepage in Pompeia Province (Gulf of Cádiz) – living on the edge
Authors: Rincón-Tomás Blanca , Duda Jan-Peter , Somoza Luis , González Francisco Javier , Schneider Dominik , Medialdea Teresa , Santofimia Esther , López-Pamo Enrique , Madureira Pedro , Hoppert Michael , Reitner Joachim 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Azooxanthellate cold-water corals (CWCs) have a global
distribution and have commonly been found in areas of active fluid seepage.
The relationship between the CWCs and these fluids, however, is not well
understood. This study aims to unravel the relationship between CWC
development and hydrocarbon-rich seepage in Pompeia Province (Gulf of
Cádiz, Atlantic Ocean). This region is comprised of mud volcanoes (MVs), coral
ridges and fields of coral mounds, which are all affected by the
tectonically driven seepage of hydrocarbon-rich fluids. These types of seepage, for example, focused, scattered, diffused or eruptive, is tightly controlled by a
complex system of faults and diapirs. Early diagenetic carbonates from the
currently active Al Gacel MV exhibit δ13C signatures down to
−28.77 ‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB), which indicate biologically derived methane
as the main carbon source. The same samples contain 13C-depleted lipid
biomarkers diagnostic for archaea such as crocetane (δ13C down
to −101.2 ‰ VPDB) and pentamethylicosane (PMI) (δ13C down to
−102.9 ‰ VPDB), which is evidence of microbially mediated
anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). This is further supported by next
generation DNA sequencing data, demonstrating the presence of AOM-related
microorganisms (ANMEs, archaea, sulfate-reducing bacteria) in the carbonate.
Embedded corals in some of the carbonates and CWC fragments exhibit less
negative δ13C values (−8.08 ‰ to −1.39 ‰ VPDB), pointing against the use of methane as the carbon source. Likewise,
the absence of DNA from methane- and sulfide-oxidizing microbes in sampled
coral does not support the idea of these organisms having a chemosynthetic lifestyle.
In light of these findings, it appears that the CWCs benefit rather indirectly
from hydrocarbon-rich seepage by using methane-derived authigenic carbonates
as a substratum for colonization. At the same time, chemosynthetic organisms
at active sites prevent coral dissolution and necrosis by feeding on the
seeping fluids (i.e., methane, sulfate, hydrogen sulfide), allowing
cold-water corals to colonize carbonates currently affected by
hydrocarbon-rich seepage.