bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Air Temperature Function for Room Thermostats
Authors: Nehasil O , Horváthová J , Kohoutková A , Kny M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Room thermostats and indoor controllers are currently based on the air temperature set, which is a regulated quantity. The aim of the control is to keep the air temperature on its setpoint. The purpose is, however, to achieve and maintain thermal comfort in the indoor environment. Even so, thermal comfort is dependent on more parameters than simply air temperature. The thermal comfort function has been known since the 1970s, and has since been verified many times. This paper introduces a novel virtual air temperature function that can be used in indoor thermostats, that takes into account all important inputs for thermal comfort assessment, such as average radiant temperature and air velocity, as well as clothing, activity and user expectations. The method for obtaining listed input parameters is described and does not require more complex technical equipment than a conventional thermostat. In addition, the paper describes the actual function of the virtual air temperature that determines the comfort setpoint for the room thermostat. This function is verified in several operating states by both quantification and calculation. The results are compared against normal recommendations for determining the setpoint, and the difference in thermal comfort is discussed. Finally, the applicability of the equation to normal room thermostats is verified.
Measuring Airtightness in a Tall Multi-Family Passive House when Exposed to Wind and Thermal Lift (Stack Effect)
Authors: Rolfsmeier S , Simons P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The effects of wind and thermal lift (Stack effect) present particular challenges when measuring the air permeability of large and tall buildings. In high-rise buildings, even small temperature differences between the indoor and outdoor air can lead to undesirably high natural pressure differences on the building envelope. Extreme fluctuations in natural pressure difference can also be caused by wind. This paper presents and compares sets of measurements taken on a 60 m high multi-family Passive House. The building was measured on two separate days in different weather conditions. This paper outlines the extended measurement setup and the measuring process adapted to this setup, as well as the results and findings.
Technical Cultural Heritage on the Elbe-Vltava Waterway
Authors: Fošumpaur P , Kašpar T , Zukal M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article presents the principal objectives and current results of the project “Documentation and Presentation of Technical Cultural Heritage on the Elbe-Vltava Waterway”, which is part of the National and Cultural Identity programme administered by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. The historical development of the modifications of navigable sections of the Elbe and the Vltava Rivers documents that its beginnings coincide with the beginnings of the settlement of the river valleys in the Middle Ages. These modifications were related to the human need to use rivers for navigation and hydropower generation and went through an interesting development throughout the Medieval Times. The lock structures situated on the Elbe-Vltava Waterway represent extensive and unique technical heritage which still serves its original purpose. The locks are typically composed of a weir structure, a lock and a hydroelectric power plant. The project’s objective is to document the existing technical heritage at the level of individual locks and their construction and technological elements. Furthermore, attention will be focused on the identification of endangered structures on the Elbe-Vltava waterway which no longer meet the present-day functional or capacity requirements and which will probably need to undergo sensitive modernisations in the future in the context of their cultural and historical value. The project intends to present and introduce these technical monuments to the general public. The presentation of the structures includes the historical development of their design, the description of the original technological elements and their present-day role in water transport, and the exploitation of their potential for recreation and tourism.
Cost Optimization for Renovation and Maintenance of Cultural Heritage Objects
Authors: Macek D , Heralová R S , Hromada E , Střelcová I , Brožová I , Vitásek S , Pojar J , Bouška R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with the issue of maintenance and renovation of cultural heritage objects. This is a very specialised area of cost optimization, for which there can still be used procedures and methods applied to more normal contemporary objects, but where there are many peculiarities and differences that need to be taken into consideration. In the initial phase, it is necessary to gather all relevant data about such objects. From data there can be obtained information that can be used to build the structure and correlations of the recovery and maintenance model. In the Heritage Catalogue there can be found basic information about cultural heritage objects. It provides basic description of the objects, but technical data which could be used for creating the recovery and maintenance model are missing. Only if based on a sufficiently large and properly structured database, is it possible to deduce the correlations and dependencies needed to create a system for the types of planning and optimization involved in recovery and maintenance. In order to establish the recovery and maintenance costs, it is necessary to complement the database for individual construction elements costs and the length of recovery and maintenance cycles.
Energy Saving and Climate Adaptation of Buildings: A Paradox?
Authors: Golz S , Nikolowski J , Naumann T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The European climate policy goals include (a) reducing energy consumption and avoiding the emission of climate-affecting gases as well as (b) adapting to existing and expected climate change. The synergetic implementation of both goals forms a central challenge particularly for the building stock. There is evidence that damage to buildings due to extreme weather events (e.g. heavy rain, fluvial flooding, hail, summer heat) steadily increase. Therefore, several national strategies and action plans in European member states formulate requirements for climate-adapted modernisation and retrofitting of existing residential buildings.
The paper explores the conflicts between the two named goals at the building level, since building energy saving measures are unfortunately not in any case consistent with the goal of increased climate adaptation, as they undesirably increase the vulnerability of buildings. For this purpose, the paper first deals with the structural design of selected building types, which have been refurbished in order to optimize their energy efficiency. Second, it analyses and evaluates the physical vulnerability of existing buildings against extreme weather events. Then, the paper proposes some practical options on how to achieve the two goals effectively. Finally, some implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Statistics and Governance. Current Issues of Affordable Housing: The Case of Prague
Authors: Hudecek T , Hlavacek P , Hainc J , Cervinka M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Housing has become an issue around the world, both in emerging and developed countries. The affordability of housing is decreasing globally; however, the governance system can be harnessed as a tool to help to turn the situation around, the benefit being that it is in the hands of the local or national administration. The analysis of state of the art data, together with qualitative research based on the knowledge and experiences of experts, have been used to examine the case of Prague. The aim is to prove a direct link between the approvals processes for buildings and the governance system, including the decisions made by different levels of public administration in last two decades. The hypothesis, based on early outcomes, shows a strong relationship between governance systems (including administrative divisions) and the length and complexity of the building approvals process. The results of these analyses are the main outcomes of the article, while designing changes will be the subject of subsequent research. The article should help with the debate and open up the topic, which is, in our globalized and increasingly complex world, an issue for a growing number of societies. The question of balanced, inclusive and sustainable growth will be part of the research agenda.
The Political Economy of Financial Reform: de Jure Liberalization vs. de Facto Implementation
Authors: Henisz Witold J , Mansfield Edward D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the past three decades, numerous countries have engaged in financial reform, prompting widespread interest in the sources of this development. Virtually all of the studies conducted on this topic, however, have focused on explaining neoliberal policy adoption in the financial sector, without addressing whether the adopted reforms actually generate neoliberal economic outcomes. This gap in the literature is important because many policy reforms are not implemented or enforced. In this article, we conduct one of the first studies of the conditions under which de jure financial reforms are implemented, yielding de facto financial liberalization. We argue that democracy inhibits de facto financial reform when society at large is dissatisfied with government. Under these circumstances, democratic officials may be tempted to announce but not to follow through on financial policy liberalization or be unable to follow through, either fearing or facing opportunistic political opposition from legislative or partisan veto players who either represent or seek the electoral support of interest groups harmed by implementing financial reforms. Based on an analysis of ninety countries from 1980–2005 corroborated by a series of illustrative case studies, we find considerable support for this argument.
Measuring the Impact of Burn Injury on the Parent-Reported Health Outcomes of Children 1 to 5 Years: A Conceptual Framework for Development of the Preschool Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Profile CAT
Authors: Brady Keri J S , Grant Gabrielle G , Stoddard Frederick J , Meyer Walter J , Romanowski Kathleen S , Chang Philip H , Painting Lynda E , Fowler Laura A , Nelson Judith K , Rivas Perla , Epperson Kathryn , Sheridan Robert L , Murphy Michael , O’Donnell Ellen H , Ceranoglu T Atilla , Sheldrick R Christopher , Ni Pengsheng , Slavin Mary D , Warner Petra , Palmieri Tina L , Schneider Jeffrey C , Kazis Lewis E , Ryan Colleen M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDue to the rapid developmental growth in preschool-aged children, more precise measurement of the effects of burns on child health outcomes is needed. Expanding upon the Shriners Hospitals for Children/American Burn Association Burn Outcome Questionnaire 0 to 5 (BOQ0–5), we developed a conceptual framework describing domains important in assessing recovery from burn injury among preschool-aged children (1–5 years). We developed a working conceptual framework based on the BOQ0–5, the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine’s Model of Child Health, and the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth. We iteratively refined our framework based on a literature review, focus groups, interviews, and expert consensus meetings. Data were qualitatively analyzed using methods informed by grounded theory. We reviewed 95 pediatric assessments, conducted two clinician focus groups and six parent interviews, and consulted with 23 clinician experts. Three child health outcome domains emerged from our analysis: symptoms, functioning, and family. The symptoms domain describes parents’ perceptions of their child’s pain, skin-related discomfort, and fatigue. The functioning domain describes children’s physical functioning (gross and fine motor function), psychological functioning (internalizing, externalizing, and dysregulation behavior; trauma; toileting; resilience), communication and language development (receiving and producing meaning), and social functioning (connecting with family/peers, friendships, and play). The family domain describes family psychological and routine functioning outcomes.
Erythema Migrans: Course and Outcome in Patients Treated With Rituximab
Authors: Maraspin Vera , Bogovič Petra , Rojko Tereza , Ružić-Sabljić Eva , Strle Franc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundInformation on Lyme borreliosis (LB) in patients treated with rituximab is limited to individual case reports.MethodsWe reviewed data on adult patients diagnosed with typical erythema migrans (EM) at the LB outpatient clinic of the University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia, in the 10-year period 2008–2017. For all patients, clinical and laboratory information was acquired prospectively using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsAmong 4230 adult patients with a diagnosis of EM, 7 patients (0.17%), 5 women and 2 men with a median age of 65 years (range, 55–66 years), were receiving rituximab for an underlying medical condition. In these 7 patients, signs of disseminated LB (43%) and the isolation rates of borreliae from blood before antibiotic treatment (40%) were unusually high compared with corresponding findings in immunocompetent patients who had EM diagnosed at the same institution (8% vs &lt;2%, respectively). The rates of LB-associated constitutional symptoms and borrelial antibodies in serum were lower than expected (14% and 29%, respectively, in patients receiving rituximab vs 25% and 65% in immunocompetent patients). One of the 7 patients (14%) experienced treatment failure; nevertheless, the outcome of early LB 1 year after antibiotic treatment, as used for immunocompetent patients with EM, was excellent in all 7 patients.ConclusionsFindings in 7 patients with EM who were receiving rituximab for underlying disease suggest that although early LB in these patients is more often disseminated than in immunocompetent patients, the outcome 1 year after antibiotic treatment, as used for immunocompetent patients, is excellent.
Awake Craniotomy and Resection of a Left Frontal High-Grade Glioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Motov Stefan , Butenschoen Vicki M , Krieg Sandro M , Ryang Yu-Mi , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A 48-yr-old female patient presented in our outpatients’ clinic after an episode of speech arrest and seizures a week earlier. On physical examination, there were no neurological deficits. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a contrast-enhancing tumor of the superior and middle frontal gyrus. A 18F-fluoroethyl-tyrosine positron emission tomography (FET-PET) showed a high tracer uptake, and we suspected the lesion to be a high-grade glioma. The tumor was located next to the cortical motor and language areas. We performed a left frontal craniotomy while the patient was asleep, and then conducted cortical and subcortical stimulation under an awake condition. The patient was asked to move her right upper extremity and to name objects. Based on MRI navigation, we achieved a complete tumor resection. Postoperative imaging confirmed gross total resection, and final histopathology revealed an anaplastic astrocytoma isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mut, 1p19q noncodeleted WHO°III. The patient was discharged home on the fifth postoperative day with a supplementary motor area syndrome and diminishing word-finding difficulties. We safely achieved gross total tumor resection in a highly eloquent localization through awake craniotomy with direct cortical and subcortical stimulation and electrophysiological monitoring. Awake craniotomy remains the gold standard for tumor resection in eloquent language areas in our clinics.
We obtained informed consent from the patient.
Alphavirus nsP3 ADP-ribosylhydrolase Activity Disrupts Stress Granule Formation
Authors: Jayabalan Aravinth Kumar , Griffin Diane E. , Leung Anthony K. L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTFormation of stress granules (SGs), cytoplasmic condensates of stalled translation initiation complexes, is regulated by post-translational protein modification. Alphaviruses interfere with SG formation in response to inhibition of host protein synthesis through the activities of nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3). nsP3 has a conserved N-terminal macrodomain that binds and can remove ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylated proteins and a C-terminal hypervariable domain that binds essential SG component G3BP1. We showed that the hydrolase activity of chikungunya virus nsP3 macrodomain removed ADP-ribosylation of G3BP1 and suppressed SG formation. ADP-ribosylhydrolase-deficient nsP3 mutants allowed stress-induced cytoplasmic condensation of translation initiation factors. nsP3 also disassembled SG-like aggregates enriched with translation initiation factors that are induced by the expression of FUS mutant R495X linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, our data indicate that regulation of ADP-ribosylation controls the localization of translation initiation factors during virus infection and other pathological conditions.
Increasing pulse energy of 5Hz rTMS improves its efficacy in inducing excitatory aftereffects
Authors: Halawa I , Reichert K , Anil S , Sommer M , Paulus W 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionHigh frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces excitation when applied to the motor cortex as reflected by the increase MEP amplitudes after the stimulation. The effects differ according to pulse width, probably due to higher content of energy in the wider pulses and their ability to cause wider activation in comparison to shorter pulse shapes. Here we focus on the aftereffects generated with high frequency controllable pulse TMS (cTMS) with different pulse widths.ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of pulse energy by using different stimulation intensities and pulse widths on the excitatory plastic aftereffects of high frequency (HF) rTMS.MethodsUsing a controllable pulse stimulator TMS (cTMS), we stimulated the hand motor cortex with 5 Hz rTMS applying 1200 bidirectional pulses with the main component widths of 80, 100 and 120 microseconds. 14 healthy subjects were initially investigated for six randomized sessions first with 80% RMT for anterior-posterior (AP) and posterior-anterior (PA). Then three more sessions using same pulse widths were added for 90% RMT anterior-posterior (AP).Results80% HF rTMS did not produce any significant excitation in either AP or PA direction. 90% RMT AP stimulation with 100 and 120 microsecond-wide pulses were more excitatory, when compared to the 80 microsecond-wide pulses. We also found a correlation between the individual pulse energy and the plastic outcome of each session.ConclusionsHF rTMS with wider pulses is more effective in producing excitatory aftereffects, an effect that correlated with the higher energy content of wider pulses and higher intensity.SignificanceThe findings here suggest that wider pulses are capable of inducing more excitation, a fact that could contribute to better results in future clinical studies performed with wider pulses.
Guillain-Barre syndrome outbreak in Peru: Association with polymorphisms in IL-17, ICAM-1 and CD1
Authors: Jaramillo-Valverde Luis , Levano Kelly S , Villanueva Isolina , Hidalgo Meylin , Cornejo Marco , Mazzetti Pilar , Cornejo-Olivas Mario , Sanchez Cesar , Poterico Julio A , Valdivia-Silva Julio , Guio Heinner 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYGuillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is considered a complex disorder with significant environmental effect and genetic susceptibility. Genetic polymorphisms in CD1E, CD1A, IL-17 and/or ICAM-1 genes had been proposed as susceptibility genetic variants for GBS mainly in Caucasian population. This study explores the association between selected polymorphisms in these genes and GBS susceptibility in confirmed GBS cases reported in mestizo population from northern Peru during the most recent GBS outbreak of May 2018. A total of 9 non-related cases and 11 controls were sequenced for the polymorphic regions of CD1A, CD1E, IL-17 and ICAM-1 genes. We found a significant protective association between heterozygous GA genotype in ICAM-1 gene (241Gly / Arg) and GBS (p <0.047). IL-17 was monomorphic in both controls and patients. No significant differences were found in the frequency of SNPs in CD1A and CD1E between the group with GBS patients and healthy controls. Further studies with larger sample size will be required to validate these findings.
Hybrid histidine kinase activation by cyclic di-GMP-mediated domain liberation
Authors: Dubey Badri N. , Agustoni Elia , Böhm Raphael , Kaczmarczyk Andreas , Mangia Francesca , von Arx Christoph , Jenal Urs , Hiller Sebastian , Plaza-Menacho Iván , Schirmer Tilman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCytosolic hybrid histidine kinases (HHKs) constitute major signalling nodes that control various biological processes, but their input signals and how these are processed are largely unknown. InCaulobacter crescentus, the HHK ShkA is essential for accurate timing of the G1-S cell cycle transition and is regulated by the corresponding increase in the level of the second messenger c-di-GMP. Here, we use a combination of X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, functional analyses and kinetic modelling to reveal the regulatory mechanism of ShkA. In the absence of c-di-GMP, ShkA predominantly adopts a compact domain arrangement that is catalytically inactive. C-di-GMP binds to the dedicated pseudo-receiver domain Rec1 thereby liberating the canonical Rec2 domain from its central position where it obstructs the large-scale motions required for catalysis. Thus, c-di-GMP cannot only stabilize domain interactions, but also engage in domain dissociation to allosterically control activity. Enzyme kinetics data are consistent with conformational selection of the ensemble of active domain constellations by the ligand.
A Hidden Markov Modeling Approach for Identifying Tumor Subclones in Next-Generation Sequencing Studies
Authors: Choo-Wosoba Hyoyoung , Albert Paul S. , Zhu Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAllele-specific copy number alteration (ASCNA) analysis is for identifying copy number abnormalities in tumor cells. Unlike normal cells, tumor cells are heterogeneous as a combination of dominant and minor subclones with distinct copy number profiles. Estimating the clonal proportion and identifying mainclone and subclone genotypes across the genome is important for understanding tumor progression. Several ASCNA tools have recently been developed, but they have been limited to the identification of subclone regions, and not the genotype of subclones. In this paper, we propose subHMM, a hidden Markov model-based approach that estimates both subclone region as well as region-specific subclone genotype and clonal proportion. We specify a hidden state variable representing the conglomeration of clonal genotype and subclone status. We propose a two-step algorithm for parameter estimation, where in the first step, a standard hidden Markov model with this conglomerated state variable is fit. Then, in the second step, region-specific estimates of the clonal proportions are obtained by maximizing region-specific pseudo-likelihoods. We apply subHMM to study renal cell carcinoma datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, we conduct simulation studies that show the good performance of the proposed approach. The R package is available online at https://dceg.cancer.gov/tools/analysis/subhmm. somatic copy number alteration; tumor heterogeneity; E-M algorithm; forward-backward algorithm.