bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Il Libro come Maestro: Sufismo e Storia della Lettura nel Medioevo Islamico
Authors: Pagani Samuela 
Published: March 2019

Between the end of the 8th/14th century and the beginning of the 9th/15th, the literate elites in Yemen and al-Andalus publicly debated the legitimacy and the educational function of Sufi books. In Yemen, where Ibn ʿArabī’s ‘school’ thrived, some jurists urged the ban of his books, while ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Jīlī and his associates extolled their educational virtue for Sufi novices. In al-Andalus, the debate focused on whether books could take the place of the master in Sufi education, an issue whose relevance was felt well beyond Sufi circles, prompting Ibn Ḫaldūn to join the discussion. These controversies, even though they were connected to specific local contexts, are significant in a general way because they offer evidence for the spread of private reading among Sufis in the later Middle Ages. To appreciate the historical importance of this, one should ask how far it is new and whether it is limited to Sufism. These two questions are addressed inthe first two parts of this article. The first part outlines key changes relating to Sufi literary output in the 12th and 13th centuries. In particular, it examines the tension between orality and writing within Sufism, and the ways in which the written transmission of mystical knowledge was controlled or repressed. The second part draws attention to shared paradigms of both esoteric and exoteric knowledge as the connection between private reading and innovation, and the preservation of oral symbolism in written transmission. Finally, the third part re-examines the 14th and 15th-century debates from the angle of the history of reading in medieval Sufism. The arguments exchanged in these debates bear witnesses to changes in reading practice linked to the shifting relationships between authority and knowledge in Islamic cultural history.
Non-canonical Arabic Detective Fiction: The Beginnings of the Genre
Authors: Bawardi Basilus , Faranesh Alif 
Published: March 2019

The focus of this paper is Arabic detective fiction, which began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, thanks to the broad-scope enterprise of translations, and the subsequent development of an authentic Arabic detective literature in the early 1960s. This paper traces diachronically the emergence of this popular genre at an entirely non-canonical level, in Egypt in particular, and examines its thematic characteristics. The paper also examines the causes of the lack of canonical detective literature until the early 1980s. It argues that Arabic detective literature, canonical and non-canonical alike, is a true reflection of the power relations and the social, political and cultural struggles in the Arab world. It further claims that Arabic detective literature is one of the most important literary strata in modern Arab literature, through which we can clearly discern changes in values and esthetics in modern Arab society, and examine the relations between money and ruling power in Egypt as a mirror of the entire Arab world and the connection between literature, preservation and the undermining of Arab law and social order.Key words: Non-canonical Arabic detective writing, Arabic popular literature, Detective fiction, Crime fiction.
The Founding of Damascus University 1903-1936: An essay in praise of the pioneers
Authors: Moubayed Sami 
Published: March 2019

Damascus University, a pioneer in Levantine academia, has generally been ignored by Syriatologists and historians. Its story speaks volumes about the founding fathers of the Syrian Republic, however, and the anti-colonial movement under French Mandate rule. This article looks its the founding yea8rs under Ottoman times and ends with the tenure of its founder and first president Riḍà Saʿīd. Given that collapse of higher education in Syria at present, because of the current war, it is imperative to look back and see how Syrian academics emerged from times of war to revamp their university after the turmoil of World War I and French occupation. Present academics might find inspiration and a roadmap for the future in looking at the university’s past and the deeds of its founders.
Impact of Hydroxyurea on Survival and Risk of Thrombosis Among Older Patients With Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Podoltsev Nikolai A. , Zhu Mengxin , Zeidan Amer M. , Wang Rong , Wang Xiaoyi , Davidoff Amy J. , Huntington Scott F. , Giri Smith , Gore Steven D. , Ma Xiaomei 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Current guidelines recommend hydroxyurea (HU) as frontline therapy for patients with high-risk essential thrombocythemia (ET) to prevent thrombosis. However, little is known about the impact of HU on thrombosis or survival among these patients in the real-world setting. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of older adults (aged ≥66 years) diagnosed with ET from 2007 through 2013 using the linked SEER-Medicare database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the effect of HU on overall survival, and multivariable competing risk models were used to assess the effect of HU on the occurrence of thrombotic events. Results: Of 1,010 patients, 745 (73.8%) received HU. Treatment with HU was associated with a significantly lower risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43–0.64; P<.01). Every 10% increase in HU proportion of days covered was associated with a 12% decreased risk of death (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86–0.91; P<.01). Compared with nonusers, HU users also had a significantly lower risk of thrombotic events (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.41–0.64; P<.01). Conclusions: Although underused in our study population, HU was associated with a reduced incidence of thrombotic events and improved overall survival in older patients with ET.
Diagnostic Mydriasis: Any Effects on Systolic Blood Pressure?
Authors: Adediji A. K. , Adio A. O. , Fiebai B. , Pedro-Egbe C. N. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To determine the effects of diagnostic mydriasis using 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine on the systolic blood pressures of patients attending the Eye Clinic of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.
Study Design: Interventional comparative hospital based study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between November 2016 and January 2017.
Methodology: This was an interventional ‘within-patient’ comparative hospital-based study conducted over 3 months, in which the eyes of 137 subjects requiring pupillary dilatation for dilated fundus examination received 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse rates, pre and post dilation intraocular pressures (IOP), were amongst the parameters measured.
Results: There were 137 study participants - 86 males (62.8%) and 51 females (37.2%). The mean age of participants was 44.87±15.94 years. The highest proportion of participants had refractive errors - 53.3% and 54.0% in the right and left eyes respectively. There were slight reductions in systolic (122.54±16.89 mmHg to 122.51±20.88 mmHg) and diastolic (79.35±11.47 mmHg to 78.12±12.62 mmHg) blood pressures. These differences in BP were however not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between Systolic blood pressure and Post dilation IOP (p=0.0001).
Posture Invariant Personal Identification System Using Convex Hulls: Ear Biometrics
Authors: Jayaram M. A. , Prashanth G. K. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: In this work we have set forth two aims, i. to find a unique methodology to capture the shape of human ears using convex hulls and ii. to develop a rotation invariant personal identification system
Study Design: Application of convex hulls to capture the shape of the human ear in a precise manner.
Place and Duration of Study: Research Center, Department of Master of Computer Applications, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India, between June 2014 and July 2018.
Methodology: The work focused in this part is about using convex hulls for capturing the ear shape to utmost accuracy in two different orientations: i. orientation with respect to plane of the ear which accounted for rotation and ii. Orientation with respect to perpendicular axis through the ear plane which accounted for tilting. In order to meet the objective of developing a rotation invariant personal identification system. Thirteen parameters namely area, aspect ratio, bari centric coordinate, convexity, concavity, eccentricity, circular equi-diameter, Euler number, faret’s diameter, form factor, orientation, perimeter and solidity were considered.
Results: The system was checked by conducting identification experiments. The recognition rate of 100%, 95%, 85% and 77% was noticed for 00, 22.50, 450, 67.50 orientations respectively when Euclidean distance matching criteria was implemented. Apart from this, similarity measures were also considered for matching test image with template image. In this connection Cosine, Jaccard and Dice similarity measures were used. Cosine similarity measure showed relatively higher recognition rates of 84%, 82%, 75.6% and 74.6% for 00, 22.50, 450, and 67.50 orientations respectively. Similarly Jaccard similarity measure performed with 78%, 75.25%, 74.25% and 72.8% for the four orientations respectively. Dice similarity measure exhibited 75%, 73%, 68% and 72% for the four orientations respectively. The overlapping similarity measure showed a drastic behavior by arriving at only two groups and with reduced recognition rates of 72%, 69%, 67% and 64% respectively.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the outcome of the research would be of immense help to the research community in the realm of ear biometrics. In addition, the contribution of head posture invariant person recognition system will definitely inspire the research community as well as the developers of biometric systems to explore the area of ear biometric related personal identification system.
Performance Evaluation of Feature Extraction Techniques in Multi-Layer Based Fingerprint Ethnicity Recognition System
Authors: Aworinde H. O. , Afolabi A. O. , Falohun A. S. , Adedeji O. T. 
Published: March 2019

This paper is set out to evaluate the performance of feature extraction techniques that can determine ethnicity of an individual using fingerprint biometric technique and deep learning approach. Hence, fingerprint images of one thousand and fifty-four (1054) persons of three different ethnic groups (Yoruba, Igbo and Middle-Belt) in Nigeria were captured. Kernel Principal Component Analysis (K-PCA) and Kernel Linear Discriminant Analysis (KLDA) were used independently for feature extraction while Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used for supervised learning of the features and classification.
The results showed that out of sixty (60) individual fingerprints tested, eight (8) were classified as Yoruba, forty-eight (48) as Igbo and four (4) as Hausa. The Recognition Accuracy for K-PCA was 93.97% and KLDA was 97.26%. For Average Recognition time, K-PCA used 9.98seconds while KLDA used 10.02seconds. The memory space utilized by K-PCA was 94.57KB while KLDA utilized 52.17KB.
T-Test paired sample statistics was carried out on the result obtained; the outcome presented reveal that KLDA outperformed the K-PCA technique in terms of Recognition Accuracy. The relationship between the average recognition time () and threshold value () was found to be polynomial of order four (4) with a high correlation coefficient for KPCA and polynomial of order three (3) with a high correlation coefficient for KLDA. In terms of computation time analysis, KLDA is computationally more expensive than KPCA by reason of processing speed.
Exact Arithmetic of Zero and Infinity Based on the Conventional Division by Zero 0/0 = 1
Authors: Ufuoma Okoh 
Published: March 2019

The chief object of this work is to create an exact and consistent arithmetic of zero, denoted 0, and infinity (zero divisor), written as 1/0 and denoted ∞ , based on the conventional division by zero $$ \dfrac{{0}}{{0}}=1. $$ Manifold and undeniable applications of this arithmetic are given in this work in order to show its usefulness.
Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) “With Mother” on Progesterone, Testosterone and Estrogen of Wistar Rats
Authors: Franca Okoye Ngozi , Oghenevware Ekpudjureni 
Published: March 2019

Aim: Apple cider vinegar (ACV) with mother" has been singled out as an especially helpful health remedy. This present research evaluated the effect of ACV ‘with mother’ on hormones (testosterone, estrogen and progesterone) of Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: Eighteen rats with average weight range of 120 g were grouped into six groups. Three groups served as the control for each week (week 1, 2 and 3) while the remaining three groups were treated with 1 ml of ACV twice daily. The animals were treated for a total of 21 days. After each week the animals in that group were sacrificed and laboratory analyses were performed.
Results: After oral administration of the product, the results revealed significant reductions in a time dependent manner with the highest reductions obtained on the last week of experiment. The result obtained for estrogen showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in week one with test value (7.74±0.19 mlU/ml) as compared to control (8.36±0.01 mlU/ml).For progesterone, there was an increase (p<0.05). The highest test value was obtained in week 3, (3.64±0.08 mlU/ml) as compared to control value (3.15±0.01 mlU/ml). However, there was also a reduction in testosterone level.
Conclusion: In conclusion, ACV reduces the levels of estrogen and testosterone but increased progesterone level of Wistar rats.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP FENG SHUI PADA KAPLING DAN BANGUNAN RUMAH DI PERUMAHAN SURABAYA
Authors: Wijaya Angeline , Kwanda Timoticin , Rahardjo Jani 
Published: March 2019

Feng shui adalah sebuah ilmu yang mempelajari bagaimana cara manusia untuk hidup selaras dengan alam dan lingkungan sekitar. Prinsip feng shui pada dasarnya sederhana, karena mengikuti pola yin yang atau keseimbangan. Sehingga dengan penerapan nilai-nilai feng shui yang baik pada rumah tinggal, maka akan memberikan kenyamanan bagi penghuni rumah dan memberikan nilai serta harga jual yang lebih tinggi. Perumusan masalah dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa dalam faktor feng shui yang dipertimbangkan oleh penghuni. Kemudian mencari adanya hubungan antara unsur feng shui yang dipercaya dengan penerapan terhadap penyelesaian masalah feng shui secara desain dan non-desain. Chi square digunakan untuk melihat apakah ada hubungan antara prinsip feng shui dengan aplikasinya. Hasil yang ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa faktor feng shui yang paling dipertimbangkan oleh penghuni rumah tinggal yang bermasalah menurut prinsip feng shui adalah faktor denah rumah. Dan didapatkan hasil yang menyatakan bahwa adanya hubungan antara kepercayaan terhadap faktor feng shui dengan penerapan pada faktor bentuk kapling, faktor benda di sekitar bangunan, faktor posisi rumah terhadap jalan, faktor bentuk bangunan, faktor denah rumah, dan faktor nomor rumah, cermin feng shui dan ba gua.
Identification of a putative nuclear localization signal in the tumor suppressor maspin sheds light on its nuclear import regulation
Authors: Reina Jeffrey , Zhou Lixin , Fontes Marcos R. M. , Panté Nelly , Cella Nathalie 
Published: March 2019

The tumor suppressor activity of maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) has been associated with its nuclear localization. In this study we explore the regulation of maspin nuclear translocation. An in vitro nuclear import assay suggested that maspin can passively enter the nucleus. However, in silico analysis identified a putative maspin nuclear localization signal (NLS), which was able to mediate the nuclear translocation of a chimeric protein containing this NLS fused to five green fluorescent protein molecules in tandem (5GFP). Dominant‐negative Ran‐GTPase mutants RanQ69L or RanT24N suppressed this process. Unexpectedly, the full‐length maspin fused to 5GFP failed to enter the nucleus. As maspin's putative NLS is partially hidden in its three‐dimensional structure, we suggest that maspin nuclear transport could be conformationally regulated. Our results suggest that maspin nuclear translocation involves both passive and active mechanisms.
UAP56 associates with DRM2 and is localized to chromatin in Arabidopsis
Authors: Azevedo Jacinthe , Picart Claire , Dureau Laurent , Pontier Dominique , Jaquinod‐Kieffer Sylvie , Hakimi Mohamed‐Ali , Lagrange Thierry 
Published: March 2019

Repeated sequence expression and transposable element mobilization are tightly controlled by multilayer processes, which include DNA 5′‐cytosine methylation. The RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, which uses siRNAs to guide sequence‐specific directed DNA methylation, emerged specifically in plants. RdDM ensures DNA methylation maintenance on asymmetric CHH sites and specifically initiates de novo methylation in all cytosine sequence contexts through the action of DRM DNA methyltransferases, of which DRM2 is the most prominent. The RdDM pathway has been well described, but how DRM2 is recruited onto DNA targets and associates with other RdDM factors remains unknown. To address these questions, we developed biochemical approaches to allow the identification of factors that may escape genetic screens, such as proteins encoded by multigenic families. Through both conventional and affinity purification of DRM2, we identified DEAD box RNA helicases U2AF56 Associated Protein 56 (UAP56a/b), which are widespread among eukaryotes, as new DRM2 partners. We have shown that, similar to DRM2 and other RdDM actors, UAP56 has chromatin‐associated protein properties. We confirmed this association both in vitro and in vivo in reproductive tissues. In addition, our experiments also suggest that UAP56 may exhibit differential distribution in cells depending on plant organ. While originally identified for its role in splicing, our study suggests that UAP56 may also have other roles, and our findings allow us to initiate discussion about its potential role in the RdDM pathway.
Plant Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Morais Camilo LM , Butler Holly J , McAinsh Martin R , Martin Francis L 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHyperspectral imaging can generate spatial chemical information in plants. The imaging acquisition system is basically composed of a radiation source, sample stage, objective lens, spectrograph, CCD camera and a computer to store and process derived data. Most hyperspectral imaging acquisition approaches are nondestructive in nature and require minimum sample preparation, thus producing chemically rich information without modifying a sample's features. Data processing is mainly performed via multivariate image analysis (MIA), where computed‐based methods are employed for preprocessing, feature extraction and multivariate analysis towards classification. Applications vary according to the desired information of interest, but they mainly include textural analysis, chemical and biochemical analysis and plant disease identification. Successful studies in these areas reinforce the sensitivity and versatility of hyperspectral imaging in plants.Key ConceptsHyperspectral imaging is a powerful tool for analysing plants.Both spatial and spectral information are acquired via hyperspectral imaging, generating chemically rich information with spatial distribution.Most hyperspectral imaging techniques are nondestructive in nature and require minimal sample preparation.Data are processed by computational‐based methods, in particular, by using multivariate image analysis (MIA) techniques for feature extraction and classification.Hyperspectral imaging is a versatile analytical technique with many applications in plant studies, such as textural analysis, chemical and biochemical analysis and disease identification.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Alkaloids
Authors: de Oliveira Brás Heleno 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Alkaloids have been used for centuries due to their biological properties. They have been obtained mainly from plants, and are used in medicine. Many have beneficial pharmacological properties, some are psychotropic, and others are toxic to humans and animals. These properties have motivated the development of methods for their analysis in plant materials and pharmaceutical products. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the technique of choice by many analysts for the analysis of alkaloids in various scientific areas. The continuous development of new and more efficient stationary phases and detection systems has provided the conditions for the successful analysis of various classes of alkaloids. This article, with literature survey extended up to 2018, shows examples of HPLC analysis of important classes of alkaloids. Most examples involve pharmacologically useful alkaloids. Toxic and psychotropic alkaloids examples are also covered in separate sections. The analytical conditions are shown in tabular form, and the data provided in each example may be sufficient as a starting point for the practical analyst.
T
epidisphaeraceae
Authors: Kovaleva O.L. , Elcheninov A.G. , Kublanov I.V. , Bonch‐Osmolovskaya Elizaveta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Te.pi.di.sphae.ra.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Tepidisphaera
, type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Tepidisphaeraceae
, the family of
Tepidisphaera
.

Planctomycetes / Phycisphaerae / Tepidisphaerales / Tepidisphaeraceae

Cells are Gram‐negative. Occur as single cocci or form shapeless aggregates. Divide by binary fission and have no observable peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall and no invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane. Neutrophiles, moderate thermophiles. Aerobes, facultative anaerobes. Grow on a wide range of carbohydrates. Do not require NaCl for growth. The cellular fatty acid profiles consist mainly of iso and anteiso acids (iso‐C
16:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0
, and anteiso‐C
17:0
). The major quinone is MK‐6.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 53 (genome sequence).

Type genus
:
Tepidisphaera
Kovaleva, Merkel, Novikov, Baslerov, Toshchakov and Bonch‐Osmolovskaya 2015, 553
VP
.