bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing and no Drug for the Management of Insomnia Treatment
Authors: Baides Noriega Raquel , Noriega Camporro Sara , Inclán Rodríguez Alicia Maria 
Published: July 2019

Introducción: El insomnio es definido como la incapacidad para iniciar y/o mantener el sueño. Es el trastorno del sueño más frecuente y puede producir consecuencias para la salud en todas las dimensiones. Las medidas no farmacológicas han mostrado mejor efecto a largo plazo para el manejo del insomnio, por lo que el uso de fármacos debe restringirse como segunda línea de tratamiento.Metodología: Con objeto de conocer procedimientos no farmacológicos para el manejo del insomnio desde Enfermería de Atención Primaria, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a través de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Resultados: Como primera línea de tratamiento destacan las terapias conductuales y cognitivo-conductuales asociadas a la educación para la salud y medidas de higiene de sueño. Según algunos estudios, nueve consultas de 30 minutos, con intervenciones no farmacológicas, reducirían el insomnio crónico con efectividad del 70 al 80%. Además existen terapias alternativas que asociadas como terapias complementarias pueden ayudar al manejo del insomnio con nivel de evidencia suficiente.Conclusiones: Las medidas no farmacológicas deben utilizarse como primera línea de tratamiento. Sin embargo, en nuestro país, apenas se prescriben y existe un alto consumo de fármacos destinados a solucionar este problema, con las consiguientes consecuencias para la salud que producen. Para poder abordar la situación se considera fundamental una mejora de los recursos humanos profesionales y formación al respecto.
Introduction: Insomnia is defined as the inability to initiate or maintain sleep. It is the most common sleep disorder and can produced consequences for health in all aspect. Non-pharmacological measures have shown better effect in the long management of insomnia, so the use of drugs should be restricted as a second-line treatment.Methodology: In order to learn about non-pharmacological management procedures of insomnia from primary care nursing, we conducer a literature review through primary and secondary sources.Results: As first line treatment include therapies behavioural and cognitive-behavioural associated with education for health and the sleep hygiene measures. According to some studies, nine 30-minute, non-pharmacological interventions queries, reduce chronic insomnia with effectiveness of 70 to 80%. Also there are alternative therapies such as the use of valerian to associate as complementary therapy can help the Management of insomnia with good level of evidence.Conclusions: Non- pharmacological measures should be used as a first line of treatment. However in our country to penalties are prescribed and there is high consumption of drugs for this problem, with the resulting consequences for the health of tolerance and dependence producing the maintained consumption of these dugs. Addressing the situation is considered essential to an improvement of the professional human resources and training.
The extent to which genetics and lean grade affect fatty acid profiles and volatile compounds in organic pork
Authors: Argemí-Armengol Immaculada , Villalba Daniel , Tor Marc , Pérez-Santaescolástica Cristina , Purriños Laura , Manuel Lorenzo José , Álvarez-Rodríguez Javier 
Published: July 2019

Niche production is intended to produce premium pork, but several husbandry factors may affect the meat fatty acid composition and aroma. Fatty acid profile (by GC-FID) of raw meat and volatile compounds (by SPME-GC–MS) of cooked meat were analysed in loin samples from two pig genetic types-75% Duroc (Du) and 50% Pietrain (Pi) rossbreds that were slaughtered at different weights (90 kg and 105 kg, respectively) to achieve similar target carcass fatness, and the outcome carcasses were balanced for lean grade groups (<60% or ≥60% lean) within genotypes. Genetic type did not affect fatty acids (FA) profile of meat. The leaner meat had lower C12:0 and C20:3n − 3, lower saturated fatty acids (SFA) and higher MUFA/SFA ratio content than the fattier meat. Short-chain alcohols were lower in Pietrain and in leaner pork compared to the samples from Duroc crossbreds and fattier pork. A greater amount of hexane,2,4,4-trimethyl (an aliphatic hydrocarbon) but lower carbon disulphide (sulphur compound) content was detected in pork from leaner compared to fattier pork. Higher aromatics hydrocarbons were exclusively associated with Duroc crossbreds, and lower aliphatic hydrocarbons with pigs classified as fattier. Most of the volatile compounds detected in the present study came from lipid oxidation.
Synergistic Study between Gum Arabic and Carboxymethyl Cellulose: Application in Polymer Flooding
Authors: Eiroboyi I. , Ikiensikimama S. S. , Oriji B. A. , Okoye I. P. 
Published: July 2019

The oil industry is experiencing a paradigm shift where the use of green chemicals is being encouraged in order to address environmental issues associated with the use of synthetic chemicals and also because of the fact that most of these synthetic polymers like hydrolysed polyacrylamide used to improve mobility ratio in Polymer flooding are imported chemicals. Thus, the need to source for other polymers that are viable and equally environmentally friendly.
Gum Arabic used in this analysis was obtained from the northern part of Nigeria. Different concentrations of Gum Arabic were analysed to study their rheology as well as the effect of salinity on them in order to determine their degree of resistance for this is a criterion in polymer flooding. However, the stability of Gum Arabic was further enhanced by the addition of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) at varying concentration to determine its effect on the solution viscosity. Based on the results, the effect of blending resulted in synergistic viscosity however, the stability of the solution with respect to the effect of salinity was affected.
C7orf59/LAMTOR4 phosphorylation and structural flexibility modulate Ragulator assembly
Authors: Rasheed Nadia , Lima Tatiani B. , Mercaldi Gustavo F. , Nascimento Andrey F.Z. , Silva Ana L.S. , Righetto Germanna L. , Bar‐Peled Liron , Shen Kuang , Sabatini David M. , Gozzo Fabio C. , Aparicio Ricardo , Smetana Juliana H.C. 
Published: July 2019

Ragulator is a pentamer composed of p18, MP1, p14, C7orf59, and hepatitis B virus X‐interacting protein (HBXIP; LAMTOR 1—5) which acts as a lysosomal scaffold of the Rag GTPases in the amino acid sensitive branch of TORC1 signaling. Here, we present the crystal structure of human HBXIP‐C7orf59 dimer (LAMTOR 4/5) at 2.9 Å and identify a phosphorylation site on C7orf59 which modulates its interaction with p18. Additionally, we demonstrate the requirement of HBXIP‐C7orf59 to stabilize p18 and allow further binding of MP1‐p14. The structure of the dimer revealed an unfolded N terminus in C7orf59 (residues 1–15) which was shown to be essential for p18 binding. Full‐length p18 does not interact stably with MP1‐p14 in the absence of HBXIP‐C7orf59, but deletion of p18 residues 108–161 rescues MP1‐p14 binding. C7orf59 was phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) in vitro and mutation of the conserved Ser67 residue to aspartate prevented phosphorylation and negatively affected the C7orf59 interaction with p18 both in cell culture and in vitro. C7orf59 Ser67 was phosphorylated in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. PKA activation with forskolin induced dissociation of p18 from C7orf59, which was prevented by the PKA inhibitor H‐89. Our results highlight the essential role of HBXIP‐C7orf59 dimer as a nucleator of pentameric Ragulator and support a sequential model of Ragulator assembly in which HBXIP‐C7orf59 binds and stabilizes p18 which allows subsequent binding of MP1‐p14.
Scalable Synthesis of Multifunctional Epidermis‐Like Smart Coatings
Authors: Qi Xiaodong , Hou Ying , Yang Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBioinspired self‐healing materials provide a sustainable solution for mitigating catastrophic failure and prolonging service time, but such potential may be largely offset by the tedious fabrication process that can hardly be scaled up. It is shown that a scalable doctor blade coating process may be used for the synthesis of multifunctional epidermis‐like smart coatings. The industry‐compatible technique not only preserves the biomimetic bilayer design with largely improved film production efficiency but also allows readily adjusted film compositions and structures for optimizing the synergetic healing performance and mechanical properties. Variable amounts of montmorillonite clay nanosheets can be incorporated in the top hard layer for achieving a high modulus (34.3 ± 1.4 GPa) and hardness (1.65 ± 0.09 GPa), which also affect the number of scratch‐healing cycles by controlling the decay rate of upward polymer diffusion from the soft bottom layer. These high‐performance smart coatings are transparent, bactericidal, and show good adhesions to various substrates including glass, plastics, and fiberboard. When used as a surface protection for fiberboard, excellent flame‐retardant properties are demonstrated thanks to the dominant presence of clay nanosheets. It is believed that this work may provide important guidance for transforming interesting biomimetic design into practical manufacturing.
Tailoring Chiroptical Activity of Iron Disulfide Quantum Dot Hydrogels with Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Hao Changlong , Gao Yifan , Wu Di , Li Si , Xu Liguang , Wu Xiaoling , Guo Jun , Sun Maozhong , Li Xiu , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChiral inorganic nanomaterials have recently attracted significant attention because of their many important applications, such as in asymmetric catalysis and chiral sensing. Here, chiral iron disulfide quantum dots (FeS2 QDs) are synthesized via chirality transfer using l/d‐cysteine (Cys) as chiral ligands. The chiral FeS2 QDs are coassembled with two gelators to produce a cogel (l‐ or d‐[Gel+FeS2]) with a g‐factor value of ±0.06. Interestingly, the cogels display intense circularly polarized luminescence. More significantly, the degree of twisting (twist pitch) and the diameter of the cogels can be markedly regulated by illumination with circularly polarized light (CPL) in the ranges of 120–213 and 37–65 nm, respectively, which is caused by the CPL‐induced electron transfer. This research opens the way for the design of chiroptical devices with a wide range of functions and applications.
Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: 2019 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Hristov Alexandra C. , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDisease OverviewCutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogenous group of T‐cell neoplasms involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS).DiagnosisThe diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data.Risk‐Adapted TherapyTNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a “risk‐adapted,” multi‐disciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, skin‐directed therapies are preferred, as both disease‐specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced‐stage disease with significant nodal, visceral or blood involvement are generally approached with systemic therapies. These include biologic‐response modifiers, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, or antibody‐based strategies, in an escalating fashion. In highly‐selected patients, allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation may be considered, as this may be curative in some patients.
Equipoise of recent estimated Down syndrome live births in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Aiko , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo support people with Down syndrome (DS), it is essential to know and predict the number of live births of children with this condition. In this study, we estimated DS live birth rates on the basis of maternal age distribution and numbers of births in the general population, the maternal‐age specific chance for a live birth of a child with DS, and the prenatal diagnosis/termination rate. The total number of live births in Japan decreased to less than 1 million in 2016 and the percentage of women aged 35 years old or over giving birth has increased by sixfold. Prenatal genetic testing in Japan has gradually become more widespread, and 20% of all cases of DS were diagnosed prenatally in 2016. Meanwhile, the annual projected number of DS live births has remained steady at around 2,200 (22 per 10,000 births). In 2016, it was estimated that 70% of all DS babies were born to women of advanced maternal age (AMA). Given that Japan is facing a decreasing birth rate and an aging population, adoption of the practice of prenatal genetic testing for AMA has balanced the number of DS births over the last 7 years from 2010.
Bipyridine‐Assisted Assembly of Au Nanoparticles on Cu Nanowires To Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Fu Jiaju , Zhu Wenlei , Chen Ying , Yin Zhouyang , Li Yuyang , Liu Juan , Zhang Hongyi , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Sun Shouheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a new strategy to prepare a composite catalyst for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The composite catalyst is made by anchoring Au nanoparticles on Cu nanowires via 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy). The Au‐bipy‐Cu composite catalyzes the CO2RR in 0.1 m KHCO3 with a total Faradaic efficiency (FE) reaching 90.6 % at −0.9 V to provide C‐products, among which CH3CHO (25 % FE) dominates the liquid product (HCOO−, CH3CHO, and CH3COO−) distribution (75 %). The enhanced CO2RR catalysis demonstrated by Au‐bipy‐Cu originates from its synergistic Au (CO2 to CO) and Cu (CO to C‐products) catalysis which is further promoted by bipy. The Au‐bipy‐Cu composite represents a new catalyst system for effective CO2RR conversion to C‐products.
Effects of decoppering pretreatment on accelerated weathering behaviors of waste printed circuit boards powders reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Tian Shenghui , Luo Yuanfang , Ma Yuanbin , He Hui , Jia Demin , Zhang Ling , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWaste printed circuit boards powders (WPCBP), the critical by‐products in the dispose process of waste electrical and electronic equipment, were selected as reinforcing fillers in polypropylene (PP) composites, which brought forward a new way to reuse WPCBP for a sustainable world. However, the multivalent metals in WPCBP could accelerate the degradation of PP molecule chains. In this study, nitric acid was selected as copper removal to pretreat WPCBP, and most of the metals were removed after decoppering pretreatment, which was evidenced by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The ensuing compound was characterized by oxidation induction time, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical analysis. As expected, the accelerate weathering behaviors of PP composite with nitric acid treated WPCBP were substantially improved, for instance, the notched impact strength and tensile strength of untreated PP/WPCBP composite after 21 days thermal aging were just 0.85KJ/m2 and 9.3 MPa, while the PP composite with 6 wt % nitric acid‐treated WPCBP was 3.47KJ/m2 and 32.1 MPa. We envisage this facile strategy, that is, using proper concentration of nitric acid to pretreat WPCBP could improve the accelerate weathering properties of PP/WPCBP composites, which would broaden the potential applications of WPCBP in polymer compounds. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48224.
Modified cellulose nanocrystals enhancement to mechanical properties and water resistance of vegetable oil‐based waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Zhang Pingbo , Lu Yadong , Fan Mingming , Jiang Pingping , Dong Yuming 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTEnvironmentally friendly and lightweight silylated cellulose nanocrystal (SCNCs)/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composite films that exhibit excellent mechanical properties and water resistance were prepared. The cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) of the filamentous structure were surface‐modified by γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and then introduced into a castor oil‐based aqueous polyurethane (WPU) matrix by in situ polymerization. The morphology and silylation degree of CNCs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy at different APTES concentrations. The results showed that the surface of the nanocellulose crystal has the best silylation morphology and thermal stability with incorporation of 6 wt % APTES. The thermal stability, mechanical properties, surface morphology, and water resistance of the nanocomposites were investigated by TGA, tensile test, SEM and optical contact angle, water absorption test, and mechanical property test after immersed in water. It was found that the effective introduction of modified CNCs resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength at high levels, and the thermal stability and hydrophobicity of the material were improved simultaneously, reaching the percolation threshold at a 0.50 wt % SCNCs as determined theoretically. This study provided an approach to the design and development of surface‐modified CNCs/vegetable oil‐based polymer composites by using an appropriate concentration of silane coupling agent to modify CNCs and improve the compatibility between nanocellulose and vegetable oil‐based polymer matrices. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48228.
Adsorption behavior and shear degradation of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in a capillary flow
Authors: Sun Daxing , Wang Wuyi , Dong Kangxing , Jiang Minzheng , Zhou Dekai , Li Longqiu 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTUltrahigh‐molecular‐weight partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAMs) are commonly used in polymer flooding to enhance oil recovery. However, the viscosity of the HPAM solution is susceptible to shear action. Viscosity change affects sweep range and displacement efficiency of the displacement fluid. Here, a macromolecular adsorption model in microcapillary is proposed to reveal the shear variation mechanism at low flow rates. The rheological behaviors of HPAMs with three different molecular weights are investigated using a stainless steel capillary. The shear rate distributions near contraction and within capillary are compared by numerical calculation using the laminar flow model. Experimental and numerical results show that the polymer solution was mechanically degraded at low flow rates, which is in agreement with the results predicted by the adsorption theory model. A new calculation method for the thickness of polymer adsorption layer at lower flow rates is proposed based on the adsorption model proposed in this study. It is found that the viscosity and adsorption of HPAM were changed with flow rate, and their changes are closely related to the displacement efficiency in the micropores of reservoirs. This study provides new perspectives for the selection of polymer injection flow rates and the water shutoff in reservoirs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48270.
Estimating Flight Style of Early Eocene Stem Palaeognath BirdCalciavis grandei(Lithornithidae)
Authors: Torres Christopher R. , Norell Mark A. , Clarke Julia A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTLithornithids are volant stem palaeognaths from the Paleocene‐Eocene. Except for these taxa and the extant neotropical tinamous, all other known extinct and extant palaeognaths are flightless. Investigation of properties of the lithornithid wing and its implications for inference of flight style informs understood locomotor diversity within Palaeognathae and may have implications for estimation of ancestral traits in the clade. Qualitative comparisons with their closest extant volant relatives, the burst‐flying tinamous, previously revealed skeletal differences suggesting lithornithids were capable of sustained flight, but quantitative work on wing morphology have been lacking. Until comparatively recently, specimens of lithornithids preserving wing feather remains have been limited. Here, we reconstruct the wing of an exceptionally preserved specimen of the Early Eocene lithornithidCalciavis grandeiand estimate body mass, wing surface area, and wing span. We then estimate flight parameters and compare our estimates with representatives from across Aves in a statistical framework. We predict that flight inC. grandeiwas likely marked by continuous flapping, and that lithornithids were capable of sustained flight and migratory behavior. Our results are consistent with previous hypotheses that the ancestor of extant Palaeognathae may also have been capable of sustained flight. Anat Rec, 303:1035–1042, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Smoking and pregnancy: Epigenetics and developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Rogers John M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaternal smoking causes lower birth weight, birth defects, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Epidemiological evidence over the past four decades has grown stronger and the adverse outcomes attributed to maternal smoking and secondhand smoke exposure have expanded. This review presents findings of latent and persistent metabolic effects in offspring of smoking mothers like those observed in studies of maternal undernutrition during pregnancy. The phenotype of offspring of smoking mothers is like that associated with maternal undernutrition. Born smaller than offspring of nonsmokers, these children have increased risk of being overweight or obese later. Plausible mechanisms include in utero hypoxia, nicotine‐induced reductions in uteroplacental blood flow, placental toxicity, or toxic growth restriction from the many toxicants in tobacco smoke. Studies have reported increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and hypertension although the evidence here is weaker than for overweight/obesity. Altered DNA methylation has been consistently documented in smoking mothers' offspring, and these epigenetic alterations are extensive and postnatally durable. A causal link between altered DNA methylation and the phenotypic changes observed in offspring remains to be firmly established, yet the association is strong, and mediation analyses suggest a causal link. Studies examining expression patterns of affected genes during childhood development and associated health outcomes should be instructive in this regard. The adverse effects of exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy now clearly include permanent metabolic derangements in offspring that can adversely affect life‐long health.