bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks due to atrial far‐field on the tip‐to‐ring channel for lead dislodgement
Authors: Ferretto Sonia , Brunzin Katia , Pettenuzzo Katiuscia , Nangah Suh René , Canali Cristina , Di Pede Francesco 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe reported a case of inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks, due to atrial far‐field on the tip‐to‐ring channel of the fast electrical activity during atrial fibrillation, caused by lead dislocation in the right ventricle outflow tract. During these episodes the can‐to‐right ventricle coil signal correctly recorded the ventricular activity. The shock storm stopped when an antitachycardia pacing restored sinus rhythm.
Longitudinal Changes in the Total Knee Joint Moment After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Correlate With Cartilage Thickness Changes
Authors: Erhart‐Hledik JenniferC , Chu ConstanceR , Asay JessicaL , Favre Julien , Andriacchi ThomasP 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis study investigated associations between changes in the total joint moment (TJM) at the knee and changes in cartilage thickness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Seventeen subjects (five males; age: 29.6 ± 7.3 years) with unilateral ACLR underwent gait analysis and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline (2.2 ± 0.3 years post‐ACLR) and at long‐term follow‐up (7.7 ± 0.7 years post‐ACLR). Knee loading was assessed using the TJM, and differences in loading were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed associations between changes in TJM and changes in (medial‐to‐lateral) M/L femoral cartilage thickness ratios in the ACLR limb. Bilaterally, there was no significant change in the magnitude of the TJM first peak (TJM1), however, there was a significant increase in the percent contribution of the knee flexion moment (KFM) (p < 0.001) and decrease in the percent contribution of the knee adduction moment (KAM) to TJM1 (p < 0.001). The change in the percent contributions of KFM and KAM to TJM1 were associated with changes in M/L femoral cartilage thickness in the ACLR limb. Specifically, subjects with smaller increases in KFM contribution (R = 0.521, p = 0.032) and smaller decreases in KAM contribution (R = −0.521, p = 0.032) had a reduction in the M/L ratio in the central femoral subregion over the follow‐up period, with similar trends in the external femoral subregion. The study results provide new insight into changes in the loading environment at the knee joint prospectively following ACL reconstruction and give evidence that there are modifiable gait metrics that are associated with cartilage changes after ACLR. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1546–1554, 2019.
Step Length Asymmetry and Its Associations With Mechanical Energy Exchange, Function, and Fatigue After Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Huang Chun‐Hao , Foucher Kharma C 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTAbnormalities in gait remain after total hip replacement (THR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate step length asymmetry and its links to other aspects of gait and physical function after THR and to investigate links with mechanical energy exchange. The rationale is that step length asymmetry may influence gait efficiency, which could adversely influence fatigue and physical function. We evaluated 18 participants (6 males and 12 females) 1–5 years post‐THR. Step length symmetry and mechanical energy exchange were assessed by instrumented gait analysis. Fatigue was assessed using a PROMIS Fatigue Short Form. We assessed physical function using a 6‐minute walk test (6MWT). We used a one sample T test to determine whether the symmetry index (SI) was significantly different from 0 and Pearson's correlations to explore associations among the variables. The step length SI was statistically significantly different from zero (p=0.01). A more symmetric step length was associated with better 6MWT (R=−0.57, p=0.03). Higher (better) mechanical energy exchange was associated with more fatigue (R=0.50, p=0.04). Mechanical energy exchange was not associated with step length SI or 6MWT. Better 6MWT was associated with less fatigue (R=−0.61, P=0.01). This suggests that the association between step length symmetry and function is not directly governed by its effect on the energy exchange. Additionally, after a relatively long period of postsurgery, participants may have adapted their gait by increasing mechanical energy exchange to minimize fatigue. Statement of Clinical Significance: A gait retraining intervention targeting step length symmetry could improve function without adversely affecting walking energetics in THR patients. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1563–1570, 2019.
OCY454 Osteocytes as an in Vitro Cell Model for Bone Remodeling Under Mechanical Loading
Authors: Xu Liangcheng Henry , Shao Han , Ma Yu‐Heng V. , You Lidan 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTOsteocytes’ mechano‐regulation of bone formation and resorption is key to maintaining appropriate bone health. Although extensive in vitro studies have explored osteocyte mechanobiology using the well‐established MLO‐Y4 cell model, the low amount of sclerostin secreted by this cell line renders it inadequate for studying cross‐talk between osteocytes and osteoblasts under mechanical loading. Here, we investigated the potential of the sclerostin‐expressing OCY454 osteocyte cell model in fulfilling this role. Fully differentiated OCY454 cells were tested for mechano‐sensitivity by measuring changes in protein secretion, total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and intracellular calcium in response to oscillatory fluid flow. Increases in sclerostin expression and total ATP content were observed. However, very low levels of receptor activator of the nuclear factor κ‐B ligand were detected, and there was a great inconsistency in calcium response. Conditioned medium (CM) from OCY454 cells was then used to culture osteoblast and osteoclast precursors. Osteoblast activity was quantified with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S stain, while osteoclast differentiation was quantified with tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. We demonstrated that mechanically stimulated OCY454 cells released soluble factors that increased osteoblasts’ ALP activity (p < 0.05) and calcium deposition (p < 0.05). There was also a significant decrease of large‐sized TRAP‐positive osteoclasts when osteoclast precursors were treated with CM from flow‐stimulated OCY454 cells (p < 0.05). Results from this study suggest that OCY454 cells respond to mechanical loading with the release of key factors such as sclerostin to regulate downstream bone cells, thus demonstrating its potential as a novel cell model for in vitro osteocyte mechanobiology studies. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1681–1689, 2019
Changes in Nerve Growth Factor Expression and Macrophage Phenotype Following Intervertebral Disc Injury in Mice
Authors: Nakawaki Mitsufumi , Uchida Kentaro , Miyagi Masayuki , Inoue Gen , Kawakubo Ayumu , Satoh Masashi , Takaso Masashi 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTNerve growth factor (NGF) is increased in intervertebral discs (IVDs) after disc injury and anti‐NGF therapy improves low back pain in humans. Furthermore, M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes play a role in degenerative IVD injury. We examined M1 and M2 macrophage markers and NGF and cytokine expression in IVD‐derived cells from control and IVD‐injured mice for 28 days following injury. Ngf messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was increased 1 day after injury in injured compared with control mice, and persisted for up to 28 days. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the proportion of F4/80+ CD11b+ cells was significantly increased from 1 day after injury for up to 28 days in injured compared to control mice. mRNA expression of M1 macrophage markers Tnfa, Il1b, and Nos2 was significantly increased 1 day after injury in injured compared to control mice, before gradually decreasing. At 28 days, no significant difference was observed in M1 markers. The M2a marker, Ym1, was significantly increased 1 day after injury in injured compared with control mice, while M2a and M2c markers Tgfb and Cd206 were significantly increased 7, 14, and 28 days after injury. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) stimulated Ngf mRNA and NGF protein expression in IVD cells. Our results suggest that TNF‐α and TGF‐β may stimulate NGF production under inflammatory and non‐inflammatory conditions following IVD injury. As TNF‐α and TGF‐β are produced by M1 and M2 macrophages, further investigations are needed to reveal the role of macrophages in NGF expression following IVD injury. Our results may aid in developing treatments for IVD‐related LBP pathology. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1798–1804, 2019
CCL25‐Supplemented Hyaluronic Acid Attenuates Cartilage Degeneration in a Guinea Pig Model of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ringe Jochen , Hemmati‐Sadeghi Shabnam , Fröhlich Kristin , Engels Andreas , Reiter Katja , Dehne Tilo , Sittinger Michael 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThere is evidence that the application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) counteracts osteoarthritis (OA) progression. However, the prospect of extracting and expanding these cells might be limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hyaluronic acid (HA) supplemented with MSC‐recruiting chemokine C‐C motif ligand 25 (CCL25) can influence the natural course of spontaneous OA in the guinea pig. CCL25 concentration in synovial fluid (SF) was quantified with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Boyden chamber cell migration assay was used to test CCL25‐mediated migration of guinea pig MSC. Forty‐nine 11‐month‐old male guinea pigs were divided into seven groups. The main treatments consisted of five intra‐articular injections of HA in pure form and in combination with three doses of CCL25 (63, 693, and 6,993 pg) given at a weekly interval. The severity of cartilage damage was assessed by using a modified Mankin score. The measured average physiological concentration of CCL25 in SF of animals is 85 ± 39 pg/ml. MSC showed a 3.2‐fold increase in cell migration at 1,000 nM CCL25 in vitro demonstrating the biological migratory activity of CCL25 on these cells. In vivo, treatment with HA alone did not reduce OA progression. Similarly, OA scores were not found significantly reduced after treatment with 63 pg CCL25 + HA. However, when compared to pure HA, treatment with 693 pg CCL25 + HA and 6,993 pg CCL25 + HA significantly reduced the OA score from 10.1 to 7.4 (−28%) and 8.4 (−20%), respectively. These data suggest that intra‐articular injections of HA supplemented with CCL25 attenuates OA. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1723–1729, 2019
Identification of wheat kernels by fusion of RGB, SWIR, and VNIR samples
Authors: Özkan Kemal , Işık Şahin , Yavuz Büşra Topsakal 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe sustainable management of agricultural resources requires the integration of cutting‐edge science with the observation and identification of crops. This assists experts to make correct decisions. The aim of this study is to assess the robustness of a commonly used deep learning tool, VGG16, in improving the categorization of wheat kernels. Two fusion methodologies were considered simultaneously. We performed experiments on visible light (RGB), short wave infrared (SWIR), and visible‐near infrared (VNIR) datasets, including 40 classes, with 200 samples in each class, giving 8000 samples in total.ResultsAfter making simulations with 6400 training and 1600 testing samples, we achieved excellent performance scores, with 98.19% and 100% accuracy rates, respectively.ConclusionThe wheat identification system developed here serves as an effective identification framework and supports the view that deep learning tools can adequately discriminate between different types of wheat kernels. The proposed automated system would be useful for improving economic growth and in reducing the labor force, leading to greater efficiency and higher productivity in the wheat industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Time effect on structural and functional properties of whey protein isolate‐gum acacia conjugates prepared via Maillard reaction
Authors: Chen Weijun , Lv Ruiling , Wang Wenjun , Ma Xiaobin , Muhammad Aliyu Idris , Guo Mingming , Ye Xingqian , Liu Donghong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe functional properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) are sensitive to pH, ionic strength, and temperature. This prevents its application in various food systems and processing technologies. The conjugation of proteins with polysaccharides via the Maillard reaction is an efficient method to improve the functionality of proteins. The purpose of this work was to conjugate gum acacia (GA) with WPI via the dry‐heating Maillard reaction and to investigate the effect of reaction time on the physicochemical and functional properties of WPI‐GA conjugates.RESULTSSodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high‐performance size exclusion chromatography confirmed the formation of higher molecular weight conjugates. The degrees of glycation for WPI‐GA conjugates incubated for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days were 28.14%, 44.98%, 49.50%, and 51.20%, respectively. The glycation reaction reduced the surface hydrophobicity and fluorescence intensity of WPI significantly (P < 0.05). Functional properties of the conjugates, such as solubility, stability against heat‐induced insolubility, and emulsion properties were all superior to the control WPI. However, a reaction time longer than a day resulted in a high degree of browning and decreased the functionality of the conjugate significantly (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that conjugation of WPI with GA can be a promising way to enhance its functional properties. However, the reaction time suitable for producing conjugates with superior functional properties was not necessarily the highest glycation degree that could be reached. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effectiveness of five flavored Tunisian olive oils on Anisakis larvae type 1: application of cinnamon and rosemary oil in industrial anchovy marinating process
Authors: Trabelsi Najla , Nalbone Luca , Marotta Stefania M , Taamali Amani , Abaza Leila , Giarratana Filippo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnisakidosis is caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish or cephalopods containing viable Anisakis larvae. Several natural extracts, oils, essential oils, and their compounds have been tested against Anisakis. In this study the effectiveness of Tunisian olive oil with different spices or plants (cardamom, cinnamon, ginger, laurel, and rosemary) was tested against Anisakis larvae type 1.RESULTSFor the in vitro test, larvae were submerged separately in the oils mentioned above and observed to check viability. Cinnamon oil was the most effective against parasites with lethal time (LT) scores being LT50 = 1.5 days and LT100 = 3 days, followed by rosemary. Laurel, cardamom, and ginger oils were less effective. For the ex vivo experiment, cinnamon, and rosemary oils were tested in anchovy fillets, previously artificially parasitized. Cinnamon was the most effective against parasites (dead after 4 days) as compared to rosemary (7 days).CONCLUSIONThe use of cinnamon and rosemary‐flavored olive oil in the industrial marinating process can be considered as an efficient alternative to the freezing process required by European Regulation EC No 853/2004 to devitalize Anisakis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of in vitro glyphosate on Fusarium spp. growth and disease severity in maize
Authors: Carranza Cecilia Soledad , Aluffi Melisa Eglé , Benito Nicolás , Magnoli Karen , Barberis Carla Lorena , Magnoli Carina Elizabeth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate (GP) is one of the main pesticides used for maize production. Fusarium sp. is a fungal genus with several phytopathogenic species and toxigenic features. In this study, the culturable soil mycota was evaluated using the surface‐spray method. The effect of GP on the growth parameters (growth rate and lag phase) of Fusarium spp. was also tested on solid media conditioned with different water activities. Finally, the GP effect on disease severity caused by Fusarium sp. in maize seedlings was studied.RESULTSThe results showed that Fusarium species are frequently isolated from GP‐exposed soils. The GP concentrations tested had a significant effect on F. graminearum, F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum growth parameters on solid media. The pathogenicity tests showed that the disease severity of the maize seedlings significantly increased with increasing GP concentrations.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that Fusarium species are frequently isolated from pesticide‐exposed soils and the GP concentrations tested had a significant effect both on growth parameters and disease severity in maize. This study provides an approach to the effect of GP on Fusarium sp. growth and pathogenicity that reinforces the importance of evaluating all the factors that could affect feed and food production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Laser‐addressed full‐color photo‐quality rewritable sheets based on thermochromic systems with leuco dyes
Authors: Kaino Yuriko , Kurihara Kenichi , Shuto Aya , Mizuno Hiroshi , Asaoka Satoko , Ishida Takehisa , Takagi Kenji , Takahashi Isao , Amago Hirohisa , Takeuchi Taichi , Tejima Asuka , Watanabe Maho , Oishi Yuki , Kamei Takahiro , Nomoto Kazumasa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe have developed a laser‐addressed full‐color photographic quality rewritable sheet. The sheet was composed of a vertically stacked Cyan/Magenta/Yellow‐thermochromic system with a mixture of leuco dyes, developers and photothermal conversion agents in a polymer matrix. The sheet was simply manufactured by roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processes. Writing and erasing were performed by scan of near‐infrared laser light. It achieved full‐color photographic quality images with a wide color gamut with 70% coverage of the Specifications for Web Offset Publications (SWOP) standards and a high resolution of 426 ppi. Clear rewritability has also been confirmed. Non‐contact laser writing has other advantages in that it can create an image under a protection film, and it has form factor flexibility. We have developed a reliability model for high‐temperature storage and a light fastness test. This model showed a good agreement with experimental data, and the lifetime of an image was estimated to be over 8 years under ambient conditions. This technology will create applications for on‐demand rewritable image design while saving power and reducing the use of paper, which will eventually contribute to a sustainable society.
Multivalent Interactions of Polyamide Based Sequence‐Controlled Glycomacromolecules with Concanavalin A
Authors: Camaleño de la Calle Alberto , Gerke Christoph , Chang Xi Jeffrey , Grafmüller Andrea , Hartmann Laura , Schmidt Stephan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBinding of mannose presenting macromolecules to the protein receptor concanavalin A (ConA) is investigated by means of single‐molecule atomic force spectroscopy (SMFS) in combination with dynamic light scattering and molecular modeling. Oligomeric (Mw ≈ 1.5–2.5 kDa) and polymeric (Mw ≈ 22–30 kDa) glycomacromolecules with controlled number and positioning of mannose units along the scaffolds accessible by combining solid phase synthesis and thiol–ene coupling are used as model systems to assess the molecular mechanisms that contribute to multivalent ConA–mannose complexes. SMFS measurements show increasing dissociation force from monovalent (≈57 pN) to pentavalent oligomers (≈75 pN) suggesting subsite binding to ConA. Polymeric glycomacromolecules with larger hydrodynamic diameters compared to the binding site spacing of ConA exhibit larger dissociation forces (≈80 pN), indicating simultaneous dissociation from multiple ConA binding sites. Nevertheless, although simultaneous dissociation of multiple ligands could be expected for such multivalent systems, predominantly single dissociation events are observed. This is rationalized by strong coiling of the macromolecules' polyamide backbone due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding hindering unfolding of the coil. Therefore, this study shows that the design of glycopolymers for multivalent receptor binding and clustering must consider 3D structure and intramolecular interactions of the scaffold.
Incorporation of silica nanocontainers and its impact on a waterborne polyurethane coating
Authors: Loison Pierre , Debout Vincent , Groult Hugo , Creus Juan , Touzain Sébastien 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the present work, we describe the development and characterization of a versatile smart coating containing an encapsulated inhibitor. This includes the synthesis and characterization of hollow spherical nanocapsules with diameters ranging from 180 to 200 nm. These particles are able to release their payload when exposed to an alkaline environment, what could be induced by corrosion‐linked processes. A corrosion inhibitor, namely 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole has been encapsulated, after what the capsules were incorporated in a polyurethane (PU) matrix; optimization of the process led to homogeneous coatings with a good dispersion of silica assessed by micro‐fluorescence spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy highlighted a negative effect of the capsules’ addition to the PU network, affecting the coating's barrier properties. However, the release of the inhibitor upon water ingress in the coating and potential short‐term protection was seen. Nevertheless, tests conducted on coatings with artificial defects could not lead to a reduction of the corrosion rate, probably due to the large size of the defects.
Using Synergistic Multiple Dynamic Bonds to Construct Polymers with Engineered Properties
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Bhaskaran Ayana , Aitken Heather M. , Shackleford India C. G. , Connal Luke A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDynamic bonds have achieved significant attention for their ability to impart fascinating properties to polymeric materials, such as high mechanical strength, self‐healing, shape memory, 3D printability, and conductivity. Incorporating multiple dynamic bonds into polymer systems affords an attractive and efficient approach to endow multiple functionalities. This mini‐review focuses on the use of complementary dynamic interactions to control the properties of soft materials. Owing to the diversity in dynamic chemistries that can be explored, the scope of this article is restricted to polymers and does not include colloids, amphiphiles, liquid crystals, or biological soft matter.