bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Um dos maiores programa de práticas integrativas e complementares da América Latina: São Paulo
Authors: Barollo Célia , Cabral Mário 
Published: March 2018

No Município de São Paulo se desenvolve um amplo programa de recuperação da saúde e promoção da saúde com praticas integrativas e medicinas tradicionais. Estas práticas têm sido incorporadas pela SMS/SUS do município de São Paulo, desde 1991, com interrupção da implantação do programa em 1993 e retomada do programa em 2001. Desde então o programa vem sendo construído sempre com caráter multiprofissional, objetivando o enfrentamento de problemas de saúde pública de grande relevância, com ênfase na questão das doenças crônico-degenerativas incluindo os transtornos mentais e reforçando as políticas de humanização dos serviços de saúde. Atualmente o programa incorpora as modalidades de homeopatia, acupuntura, fitoterapia, plantas medicinais, práticas corporais e meditativas das medicinas tradicionais e atividades físicas. Existem ainda algumas atividades no âmbito da alimentação saudável e a possibilidade de incluirmos outras modalidades. O Programa se estrutura com base em legislação e recomendações internacionais (Organização Mundial da Saúde), nacionais (Ministério da Saúde) e municipal. As modalidades mais difundidas estão agrupadas no subprograma práticas corporais, meditativas e atividades físicas com cerca de 2.600 atividades grupais semanais e 1.500 instrutores. Os grupos de práticas corporais e meditativas das medicinas tradicionais e de atividades físicas são desenvolvidas em cerca de 447 unidades de saúde. Abaixo um resumos com os dados numéricos das Praticas Corporais, Meditativas e Atividades Físicas realizadas atualmente na SMS:Unidades de saúde com processos grupais na semana com PCM e AF: 499 (85%)Nº de Instrutores: 1.575 Nº de Grupos: 2.610 Nº de participantes: 46.706 Na sequencia a caracterização dos referidos grupos: Os dados acima expressam a alta adesão, tanto dos profissionais de saúde, como dos usuários do serviço às referidas modalidades de promoção da saúde. As pesquisas, inclusive aquelas realizadas no âmbito da SMS/SP (ver a publicação “Caderno Técnico DANT/CAEPS Pesquisa em serviço”), apontam que os resultados dos grupos das práticas em questão são amplamente favoráveis, com melhora na qualidade de vida, de sintomas e sinais, redução do uso de medicamentos, contribuição para a adoção de outros hábitos saudáveis e grande segurança quanto à ocorrência de reações adversas. A concretização de políticas públicas que possam contribuir para a redução dos efeitos adversos dos tratamentos e da dependência de fármacos, assim como compor o leque de ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção, particularmente no âmbito das Doenças e Agravos não Transmissíveis por meio do auto-conhecimento, redução do sedentarismo, incentivo da alimentação saudável e outros hábitos, para sua consolidação e garantia de qualidade dos serviços, requer um forte empenho político, técnico e organizacional e uma efetiva responsabilidade compartilhada pelas áreas afins.
O efeito do yoga na redução da sintomatologia de pacientes com transtorno de pânico
Authors: Ferreira-Vorkapic Camila 
Published: March 2018

Introdução: Devido aos seus conhecidos efeitos no corpo e mente, o yoga tem sido alvo de investigações cientificas há décadas. A maioria dos estudos relacionados evidencia a efetividade destas técnicas no tratamento de transtornos mentais como ansiedade, pânico e depressão. O yoga tem sido considerado um método preventivo e seguro, capaz de representar grande economia para a saúde pública do país. Objetivos: o objetivo primário deste estudo foi observar a eficácia de técnicas de yoga no tratamento dos sintomas relacionados ao transtorno de pânico. Método: foram selecionados 17 sujeitos diagnosticados previamente com transtorno de pânico. Os sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais: o grupo 1 participou de sessões de terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) e o grupo 2 participou de práticas de yoga. Os sujeitos foram avaliados duas vezes durante a pesquisa, no início e no final do tratamento, que durou dois meses. Os participantes foram avaliados através das seguintes escalas: Beck de Depressão e Beck de Ansiedade, Escala para Pânico e Agorafobia, Questionário de Crenças de Pânico, Escala de Sensações Corporais, Escala de Cognições Agorafóbicas, Inventário de Mobilidade, SWB-PANAS, SF-36 – Questionário de Qualidade de Vida e Escala Brasileira de Assertividade. Resultados: após análise estatística, os resultados mostraram significativa redução nos níveis de ansiedade, sensações corporais associadas ao pânico, número e intensidade dos ataques de pânico e melhora na qualidade de vida apenas dos sujeitos que freqüentaram as sessões de yoga terapia (grupo 2). Conclusão: Em acordo com os estudos atuais da literatura, a presente investigação observou melhora significativa dos sintomas relacionados ao pânico em pacientes que praticaram yoga. Conclui-se que esta prática milenar pode representar uma eficaz metodologia de tratamento dos transtornos de ansiedade, podendo ser utilizada sozinha ou incorporada à psicoterapia tradicional, trazendo benefícios emocionais, psicológicos e comportamentais para os pacientes.
Six weeks of meditation training influences response bias in a discrimination task with emotional distractors
Authors: Menezes Carolina B , Pereira Mirtes G , Bizarro Lisiane 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Focused attention meditation is the voluntary focusing of attention on a chosen object in a sustained fashion, whose objective is to develop attentional and emotional regulatory skills./objective: We investigated the effect of a six-week focused attention meditation training on a discrimination task with emotional distractors by comparing participants’ discriminability and bias before and after training. Method: College students were randomly assigned to either focused meditation (N=35), progressive relaxation (N=37), or control groups (N=28). 120 neutral and 120 emotional - negative and arousing – pictures (9º x 12º), flanked by two peripheral bars (0.3º x 0.3º), equidistant from the centre of the picture (9º), were equally and randomly distributed and displayed among three blocks, one with low attentional (LA) and two with high attentional demand (HA). Participants indicated if bars were parallel or not by pressing one of two buttons. In LA and HA conditions, respectively, bars differed with 90º and 6º in half of the trials. Trials started with a fixation cross (1500ms) followed by the pictures and bars (200ms). Next, a chessboard remained on the screen until a response was given or for 2000ms. Results: Mixed-design ANOVAs showed no discriminability difference across groups (meditation=26; relaxation=24; control=24) pre-post training; only task difficulty affected discriminability [F(1,68) = 739.8, p < .001; LA > HA]. Response bias was affected by difficulty [F(1,68) = 81.2, p < .001; LA < HA], and testing session [F(1,68) = 23.1, p < .001; pre > post]. Additionally, there was a significant difficulty × session × group interaction [F(2,68) = 4.02, p = .02]: meditation (M = .58, SE =.36) and relaxation (M = .65, SE =.36) presented a reduction in response bias relative to control (M = .69, SE =.37), but only after training in the HA condition (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The reduction in response bias suggests that meditation and relaxation can affect decision making in a difficult perceptual discrimination task. Meditation showed the highest bias reduction, consistent with previous results linking meditation to attention and monitoring processes.
Utilização do Biofeedback como ferramenta motivacional em um exercício de consciência respiratória – relato de caso
Authors: Paiva Roberta Foster Leônidas de , Martins Marcia Aparecida , Capel Tiago Leoni , Santos Juliana de Melo Batista , Luna Junior Luiz Antonio , Vaisberg Mauro Valter 
Published: March 2018

Introdução: o biofeedback é descrito como um instrumento que favorece a conscientização e a regulação dos processos fisiológicos do indivíduo; podendo ser utilizado em treinamentos de relaxamento bem como de gestão do estresse. Objetivo: verificar uma possível regulação do processo respiratório através da utilização do biofeedback como ferramenta motivacional. Método: paciente AC; sexo feminino; 73 anos; passou em consulta no Ambulatório de Promoção de Saúde da Medicina do Esporte – UNIFESP. Relatou queixa de dores no corpo; pressão alta; sedentarismo; tendo diagnóstico de fibromialgia e artrose nos ombros. Recebeu orientação dos profissionais de gerenciamento de estresse para a aplicação de técnicas complementares de saúde – exercício de consciência respiratória - além da utilização do biofeedback para monitorar os sinais fisiológicos. Retornou mais 2 vezes ao ambulatório. O aparelho de biofeedback utilizado é da empresa HealthMatch – EMWAVE. O módulo gráfico escolhido foi para iniciantes, utilizando sensor no dedo indicador da mão esquerda. O protocolo utilizado foi: A) dois minutos como linha de base; sem falar; respirando normalmente; olhos abertos. B) orientação de postura e de consciência respiratória; C) cinco minutos de treinamento; sem falar; respirando normalmente, porém com consciência; olhos abertos.Foi proposto treinamento diário por pelo menos cinco minutos, seguindo as orientações. Resultados: a análise dos sinais emitidos pelo biofeedback mostrou uma melhora no controle do processo respiratório; com aumento da média, por minuto, dos valores associados à modulação simpática-parassimpática nas três consultas realizadas (32%, 39% e 56% respectivamente), quando comparados aos valores associados à atividade simpática; demonstrando comportamento de consciência durante a prática da respiração através da modulação dos batimentos cardíacos. Conclusão: observou-se uma melhora no controle do processo respiratório na paciente estudada após a utilização do biofeedback e da prática do exercício de consciência respiratória; o que sugere eficácia do método como ferramenta terapêutica motivacional.
Après Occupy Wall Street : construire la solidarité des endettés
Authors: Bissonnette Jean François 
Published: March 2018

Nous proposons d’entendre ici la rationalité politique d’Occupy Wall Street comme une protestation contre une situation d’endettement qui se présente aujourd’hui telle une « condition existentielle » pour la majorité des Américains, et comme une tentative de construire un lien de solidarité entre les endettés par la mise en relief de la dimension structurelle et collective de cette condition partagée. Nous analyserons ainsi les discours et les stratégies d’un groupe militant né de la mouvance OWS : Strike Debt. En agissant au niveau des affects et des représentations qui soutiennent la prétention à la légitimité des dettes, son action vise à faire du défaut de paiement un acte politique capable de renverser le pouvoir de l’industrie financière.
De l’internormativité à la concurrence des normativités : quels sont le rôle et la place du droit ?
Authors: Ost François 
Published: March 2018

Le droit n’a pas le privilège de l’incorporation de normes extérieures à son ordre, mais sa centralité et sa supériorité sont aujourd’hui mises en doute. D’où la question : quels sont encore le rôle et la place du droit dans un pareil contexte ? Dans la première partie, l’auteur aborde cette question de façon constative et factuelle, en réfléchissant aux modalités de confrontation des dispositifs normatifs dans le combat pour la dominance au sein du « grand tout culturel » (hégémonie, cloisonnement, ou domination assortie de collaboration). Dans la seconde partie, il assume une approche normative, et ce, en pensant les fonctions et les finalités que le droit est en mesure de poursuivre chaque fois que la société décide de le mettre au service des valeurs de liberté, d’égalité, de solidarité et de justice auxquelles les individus tiennent.
The Legitimacy of Global Social Indicators : Reconfiguring Authority, Accountability and Accuracy
Authors: Nelken David 
Published: March 2018

This paper was written in response to an invitation by the organisers of the 2016 Brussels “colloquium on inter-normativity” to address “law-like” or “law related” transnational normative phenomena so as to assess inter alia, “the validity and legitimacy of social indicators such as university rankings, credit rating agencies indicators, rankings of legal regimes and other attempts to provide indicators in areas of social law, human rights law and business law”. The first part discusses the definition of global social indicators, how they relate to other normative materials — from law to algorithms — and what could be meant by asking for them to be legitimate. The second part then examines the implications of debates about and descriptions of indicators for three key aspects of legitimacy : authority, accountability and accuracy. It suggests that indicators are indeed assessed in terms of these criteria but that they also serve to reconfigure and transform them. As noted in the concluding section the paper argues that the relationship between the three aspects of legitimacy identified needs further examination, but that the challenge they pose is more fundamental. Objections to indicators turn on the ideas of the good society they embody, the part they play in constructing the relationship between more or less economically developed societies, and the kind of governance model they reflect — for example their tendency to substitute technicalities for political participation and their link to audit culture. On the other hand, even if caution is needed in endorsing the use of indicators in projects of governance, they do often have advantages of publicness, contestability and openness to violation when compared to the spread of algorithmic regulation.
The cost‐effectiveness of multi‐purpose HIV and pregnancy prevention technologies in South Africa
Authors: Quaife Matthew , Terris‐Prestholt Fern , Eakle Robyn , Cabrera Escobar Maria A. , Kilbourne‐Brook Maggie , Mvundura Mercy , Meyer‐Rath Gesine , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Vickerman Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionA number of antiretroviral HIV prevention products are efficacious in preventing HIV infection. However, the sexual and reproductive health needs of many women extend beyond HIV prevention, and research is ongoing to develop multi‐purpose prevention technologies (MPTs) that offer dual HIV and pregnancy protection. We do not yet know if these products will be an efficient use of constrained health resources. In this paper, we estimate the cost‐effectiveness of combinations of candidate multi‐purpose prevention technologies (MPTs), in South Africa among general population women and female sex workers (FSWs).MethodsWe combined a cost model with a static model of product impact based on incidence data in South Africa to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of five candidate co‐formulated or co‐provided MPTs: oral PrEP, intravaginal ring, injectable ARV, microbicide gel and SILCS diaphragm used in concert with gel. We accounted for the preferences of end‐users by predicting uptake using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Product availability and protection were systematically varied in five potential rollout scenarios. The impact model estimated the number of infections averted through decreased incidence due to product use over one year. The comparator for each scenario was current levels of male condom use, while a health system perspective was used to estimate discounted lifetime treatment costs averted per HIV infection. Product benefit was estimated in disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. Benefits from contraception were incorporated through adjusting the uptake of these products based on the DCE and through estimating the costs averted from avoiding unwanted pregnancies. We explore the additional impact of STI protection through increased uptake in a sensitivity analysis.ResultsAt central incidence rates, all single‐ and multi‐purpose scenarios modelled were cost‐effective among FSWs and women aged 16–24, at a governmental willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $1175/DALY averted (range: $214–$810/DALY averted among non‐dominant scenarios), however, none were cost‐effective among women aged 25–49 (minimum $1706/DALY averted). The cost‐effectiveness of products improved with additional protection from pregnancy. Estimates were sensitive to variation in incidence assumptions, but robust to other parameters.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of a range of potential MPTs; suggesting that MPTs will be cost‐effective among higher incidence FSWs or young women, but not among lower incidence older women. More work is needed to make attractive MPTs available to potential users who could use them effectively.
A multiple time scale modeling investigation of leaf water isotope enrichment in a temperate grassland ecosystem
Authors: Wang Pei , Yamanaka Tsutomu , Li Xiao‐Yan , Wu Xiuchen , Chen Bo , Liu Yaping , Wei Zhongwang , Ma Wenchao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the controls on temporal variation in plant leaf δ2H and δ18O values is important for understanding carbon–water dynamics of the biosphere and interpreting a wide range of proxies for past environments. Explaining the enrichment mechanisms under field conditions is challenging. To clarify the leaf water isotopic enrichment process at the ecosystem scale, four models with a range of complexities that were previously conducted at the leaf scale have been tested to simulate canopy foliage water in a multispecies grassland ecosystem. Although the exact importance of considering non‐steady‐state or/and isotopic diffusion in bulk leaf isotopic simulations has been reported in previous studies, our findings suggested that the steady‐state assumption (SSA) is practically acceptable as a first‐order approximation. The SSA two‐pool model was the best option for reproducing seasonality of the bulk‐leaf‐water isotopic ratio for a grassland ecosystem. Relative humidity at canopy layer as the most controlling factor for canopy foliage water stable isotope composition because of its high sensitivity and variation. The results highlighted that canopy foliage water was a well‐behaved property that was predictable for a multispecies grassland ecosystem at hourly or daily time‐scales.
Factors Associated With Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children
Authors: Chaudhary Sakshi , Firdaus Uzma , Ali Syed Manazir , Mahdi Abbas Ali 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prevalence and correlates of elevated blood lead level in children (6-144 months) of Aligarh.

Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Venous blood was obtained for lead estimation and a structured questionnaire was filled.

Results
A total of 260 children were enrolled. The prevalence of elevated blood lead level was 44.2%, seen mostly in children below 5 years of age. Old and deteriorating wall paints at home was found to be significantly associated with elevated levels.

Conclusions
Lead-based house paints are potential source of lead exposure. Meticulous renovation and painting of the walls with safe paints is desirable.
Long-term Protection Against the Hepatitis B Virus Detected Through an Early Response to a Booster Dose Injection
Authors: Saffar Hiva , Khalilian Ali-Reza , Saffar Mohammed-Jafar , Ajami Abolghasem 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
To determine the duration of protection conferred by the hepatitis B (HB) vaccination and the necessity of a booster dose.

Methods
Immediately after the initial blood sampling, 252 youths (aged 18.8-20.5 years, 52% females) with a history of neonatal HB vaccination with one dose of the HB vaccine received a booster. Serum concentrations of antibodies against the HB surface antigen were assessed in samples collected before and 10-14 days after the booster. Seroconversion from concentrations <10 to ≥10 IU/L were defined as a positive immune response.

Results
Of the 252 participants, 131 were serosusceptible and 114 responded.

Conclusions
Nearly 90% of young people preserved their long-term protection; the results of this study do not support the use of an HB booster vaccination.
Women, Demography, and Politics: How Lower Fertility Rates Lead to Democracy
Authors: Sommer Udi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhere connections between demography and politics are examined in the literature, it is largely in the context of the effects of male aspects of demography on phenomena such as political violence. This project aims to place the study of demographic variables’ influence on politics, particularly on democracy, squarely within the scope of political and social sciences, and to focus on the effects of woman-related demographics—namely, fertility rate. I test the hypothesis that demographic variables—female-related predictors, in particular—have an independent effect on political structure. Comparing countries over time, this study finds a growth in democracy when fertility rates decline. In the theoretical framework developed, it is family structure as well as the economic and political status of women that account for this change at the macro and micro levels. Findings based on data for more than 140 countries over three decades are robust when controlling not only for alternative effects but also for reverse causality and data limitations.
Subsidized Housing and the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Kucheva Yana 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite abundant evidence about the effect of children’s socioeconomic circumstances on their transition to adulthood, we know much less about the effect of social policy programs aimed at poor families with children in facilitating how and when children become adults. This issue is particularly important for the U.S. federal subsidized housing program given its long history of placing subsidized units in some of the poorest and most racially segregated neighborhoods. Using counterfactual causal methods that adjust for the length of receipt of subsidized housing, I estimate the effect of subsidized housing on teenage parenthood, household formation, and educational attainment. I find that the subsidized housing program has either null or positive effects on the transition to adulthood and that these effects vary by both race and gender. These results underscore the importance of considering whether social programs have differential effects on the life chances of individuals based on both race and gender.
The psychological, social, and behavioural impact of a parent's cancer on adolescent and young adult offspring aged 10–24 at time of diagnosis: A systematic review
Authors: Morris Julia , Turnbull Deborah , Preen David , Zajac Ian , Martini Angelita 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis study reviewed the literature regarding the psychological, social, and behavioural impact of parental cancer on offspring aged 10–24 years, at the time of the parent's first diagnosis. A systematic literature review was conducted following 2015 PRISMA guidelines. Seven studies met inclusion criteria. Offspring were impacted by their parent's cancer and experienced psychological and behavioural problems. Daughters and offspring who experienced more problems at their parent's diagnosis appeared to be most impacted. Offspring refrained from communicating their disease‐related concerns, but expected their parents to communicate openly. Turning to oneself and peer‐support were coping strategies used by offspring. The majority of offspring were significantly impacted by their parent's cancer. The paucity of literature focusing on offspring aged 10–24 years at the time of their parent's incident cancer diagnosis indicates that research has overlooked offspring age at their parent's cancer onset as a factor that may influence their future outcomes.