bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DrugComb: an integrative cancer drug combination data portal
Authors: Zagidullin Bulat , Aldahdooh Jehad , Zheng Shuyu , Wang Wenyu , Wang Yinyin , Saad Joseph , Malyutina Alina , Jafari Mohieddin , Tanoli Ziaurrehman , Pessia Alberto , Tang Jing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDrug combination therapy has the potential to enhance efficacy, reduce dose-dependent toxicity and prevent the emergence of drug resistance. However, discovery of synergistic and effective drug combinations has been a laborious and often serendipitous process. In recent years, identification of combination therapies has been accelerated due to the advances in high-throughput drug screening, but informatics approaches for systems-level data management and analysis are needed. To contribute toward this goal, we created an open-access data portal called DrugComb (https://drugcomb.fimm.fi) where the results of drug combination screening studies are accumulated, standardized and harmonized. Through the data portal, we provided a web server to analyze and visualize users’ own drug combination screening data. The users can also effectively participate a crowdsourcing data curation effect by depositing their data at DrugComb. To initiate the data repository, we collected 437 932 drug combinations tested on a variety of cancer cell lines. We showed that linear regression approaches, when considering chemical fingerprints as predictors, have the potential to achieve high accuracy of predicting the sensitivity of drug combinations. All the data and informatics tools are freely available in DrugComb to enable a more efficient utilization of data resources for future drug combination discovery.
Endoscopic Transnasal Trans-Sphenoidal Approach for Pituitary Adenomas: A Comparison to the Microscopic Approach Cohort by Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Castaño-Leon Ana M , Paredes Igor , Munarriz Pablo M , Jiménez-Roldán Luis , Hilario Amaya , Calatayud Maria , Hernandez-Lain Aurelio , Garcia Ester , Garcia Alfredo , Lagares Alfonso , Alén Jose F 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Despite some evidence for the adoption of endoscopic transnasal trans-sphenoidal surgery (ETSS) for pituitary adenomas, the advantages of this technique over the traditional approach have not been robustly confirmed.

OBJECTIVE
To compare ETSS with the microscopic sublabial trans-septal trans-sphenoidal surgery (MTSS) for pituitary adenomas.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 2 cohorts of ETSS and MTSS performed at our institution from 1995 to 2017. Patient characteristics, surgical data, and outcomes were recorded prospectively. We performed a univariate and multivariable analysis to determine the best surgical approach. To improve the quality of the results, we matched the distribution of patient characteristics between groups by propensity score (PS) method.

RESULTS
A total of 187 procedures (90 MTSS, 97 ETSS) were reviewed. We found better results in the ETSS group in terms of gross total resection (P = .002) and hormone-excess secretion control (P = .014). There was also a lower incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (P = .039), transitory diabetes insipidus (P = .028), and postoperative hypopituitarism (P = .045), as well as a shorter hospital length of stay (P < .001). After PS matching, we confirmed by multivariable logistic regression analysis an increased odds ratio of gross total resection for the ETSS (3.910; 95% CI 1.720-8.889; P = .001).

CONCLUSION
By PS method, our results suggest that the ETSS provides advantages over the traditional MTSS approach for tumor resection. Better control of secreting tumors and a lower rate of most complications also support the selection of the ETSS approach for the treatment of pituitary adenomas.
Influenza Antiviral Prescribing Practices and the Influence of Rapid Testing Among Primary Care Providers in the US, 2009–2016
Authors: Fowlkes Ashley L , Steffens Andrea , Reed Carrie , Temte Jonathan L , Campbell Angela P ,   Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project Working Group, Rubino Heather , Heberlein-Larson Lea , Barlow Shari , Reisdorf Erik , Di Lonardo Steve , Martin Karen , Lynfield Ruth , Strain Anna , Boxrud Dave , Baber Jill , Feist Michele , McHugh Lisa , Green Nicole , Selzer Christine , Ledbetter Johnathan , Lojo Jose , Oni Oluwakemi , Thomas Ann , Boulton Rachelle , Kurkjian Katie , Toney Denise , Kelly Sean T , Hamilton Janet , Schroeder Monica 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Early influenza antiviral treatment within 2 days of illness onset can reduce illness severity and duration. Reliance on low sensitivity rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) to guide antiviral prescribing has been reported. We describe antiviral prescribing practices among primary care providers from a large surveillance network in the United States.

Methods
From 2009–2016, a network of 36 to 68 outpatient clinics per year collected respiratory specimens and clinical data for patients with influenza-like illness (ILI). Specimens were tested for influenza using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We used multivariable logistic regression to assess factors influencing antiviral prescribing.

Results
Among 13 540 patients with ILI, 2766 (20%) were prescribed antivirals. In age groups recommended to receive empiric antiviral treatment for suspected influenza, 11% of children &lt;2 years and 23% of adults ≥65 years received a prescription. Among 3681 patients with a positive PCR test for influenza, 40% tested negative by RIDT. In multivariable analysis, prescription receipt was strongly associated with a positive RIDT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12, 95% CI 11–14) and symptom onset ≤2 days before visit (aOR 4.3, 95% CI 3.8–4.9). Antiviral prescribing was also more frequent among pediatric and private family practice clinics compared with community health centers (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.2, and 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5, respectively).

Conclusion
Primary care providers were more likely to prescribe antivirals to patients with a positive RIDT, but antivirals were prescribed infrequently even to patients in high-risk age groups. Understanding patient and provider characteristics associated with antiviral prescribing is important for communicating treatment recommendations.
Formalism of a harmonic oscillator in the future-included complex action theory
Authors: Nagao Keiichi , Nielsen Holger Bech 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In a special representation of complex action theory that we call “future-included,” we study a harmonic oscillator model defined with a non-normal Hamiltonian $\hat{H}$, in which a mass $m$ and an angular frequency $\omega$ are taken to be complex numbers. In order for the model to be sensible some restrictions on $m$ and $\omega$ are required. We draw a phase diagram in the plane of the arguments of $m$ and $\omega$, according to which the model is classified into several types. In addition, we formulate two pairs of annihilation and creation operators, two series of eigenstates of the Hamiltonians $\hat{H}$ and $\hat{H}^\dagger$, and coherent states. They are normalized in a modified inner product $I_Q$, with respect to which the Hamiltonian $\hat{H}$ becomes normal. Furthermore, applying to the model the maximization principle that we previously proposed, we obtain an effective theory described by a Hamiltonian that is $Q$-Hermitian, i.e. Hermitian with respect to the modified inner product $I_Q$. The generic solution to the model is found to be the “ground” state. Finally we discuss what the solution implies.
Justice Anthony Kennedy’s Federalism and the Limits of State Sovereignty
Authors: Colucci Frank J 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes Justice Anthony M. Kennedy’s commitment to protecting state sovereignty. In contrast to scholars who view Kennedy’s behavior as merely pragmatic or centrist, this article focuses on principles and tensions underlying his liberty-based approach to federalism. From his early career in Sacramento through three decades on the U.S. Supreme Court, Kennedy sought to restore a federalism he considered essential to personal and political liberty but increasingly “endangered.” His opinions extended beyond the constitutional text to protect traditional areas of state concern, state treasuries, and local political decision making against increasing federal control. However, Kennedy subordinated state sovereignty when it interfered with the federal government’s direct relationship to citizens, promoted economic protectionism, and violated his expansive conceptions of constitutional liberty and human dignity. The article concludes by situating Kennedy’s distinctive conception of federalism within the larger Rehnquist and Roberts Courts.
Vitamin D and UV exposure in construction workers—a randomized control trial using text messaging to promote positive behaviours
Authors: Lansdown T C , Cowan S , Nioi A , Cowie H , Wendelboe-Nelson C , Rashid S , Ritchie P , Cherrie J W 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to determine whether a text messaging intervention (supported by a smartphone application) would be effective in the promotion of sun-safe behaviours. Both excessive and insufficient exposure to ultra-violet (UV) radiation were considered.

Methods
A randomized control crossover trial was conducted. 112 participants from nine sites in the United Kingdom contributed to the study. There were three intervention waves, two in winter (Vitamin D-focussed) and one in summer (UV exposure-focussed). Stages of Change, Standard Erythemal (UV) Dose and assayed blood samples (Vitamin D) were employed to evaluate the effectiveness throughout the 21-day data collection periods.

Results
The intervention was effective in promoting positive progression in Stages of Change for Vitamin D; and this in turn was predictive of increased Vitamin D levels in participants. More limited positive findings were found with respect to UV exposure. Overall, for those in the Intervention, Vitamin D levels were significantly predicted to increase during both of the winter data collection waves.

Conclusions
Interventions of this type are recommended to promote healthy Vitamin-D levels in construction workers.
How rhythms of the sleeping brain tune memory and synaptic plasticity
Authors: Puentes-Mestril Carlos , Roach James , Niethard Niels , Zochowski Michal , Aton Sara J 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDecades of neurobehavioral research has linked sleep-associated rhythms in various brain areas to improvements in cognitive performance. However, it remains unclear what synaptic changes might underlie sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation and procedural task improvement, and why these same changes appear not to occur across a similar interval of wake. Here we describe recent research on how one specific feature of sleep—network rhythms characteristic of rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement—could drive synaptic strengthening or weakening in specific brain circuits. We provide an overview of how these rhythms could affect synaptic plasticity individually and in concert. We also present an overarching hypothesis for how all network rhythms occurring across the sleeping brain could aid in encoding new information in neural circuits.
Implementing Equal Pay Policy: Clash Between Gender Equality and Corporatism
Authors: Saari Milja , Kantola Johanna , Koskinen Sandberg Paula 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
More often than not gender equality policies are good on paper but fall foul of politicized implementation processes. The reasons behind this are becoming a key area of investigation for feminist scholarship on the implementation of gender policies. This article analyzes the barriers to implementing gender equality policies in a corporatist regime. Focusing on the 2007 nurses’ industrial action in Finland, the article considers the case of “Nancy the Nurse,” which aimed at negotiating higher wages for nurses. Our findings suggest that the corporatist regime effectively prevented the implementation of gender equality policy, thus upholding the status quo and maintaining current wage relativities.
Narrative Review of Cannabidiol as an Antipsychotic and Recommendations for Legal Regulations
Authors: Walkey Lisa Rachel Lena , Tanguay Robert L. , el-Guebaly Nady 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This paper will review the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in regards to psychosis and schizophrenia, and its purported treatment for psychosis.

Methods:

A PubMed search was completed using terms: "Cannabidiol and Psychosis," for which 63 studies were found; "Cannabidiol and Schizophrenia," for which 65 studies were found; and "Cannabidiol and Psychotomimetic," for which 37 studies were found. Inclusion criteria included English-language articles published from 2000 to present (July 2016) for human studies only, leading to 7 clinical trials for review. Following this search, 2 additional papers published in 2018 were added for completeness, totaling 9 clinical trials.

Results:

There have been recent studies showing psychosis is secondary to the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in marijuana; more striking is that studies were found showing CBD may be protective and actually have antipsychotic properties equal in efficacy to atypical antipsychotics. THC and CBD seem to have opposite physiologic effects on endogenous anandamide levels and cannabinol receptor binding, the mechanism likely leading to CBD's antipsychotic effect.

Conclusions:

Early evidence shows that CBD may be a novel and viable treatment for psychosis. This may have an effect on the regulation of CBD and THC percentages in regards to the prevention of early onset schizophrenia.

Introduction:

Cet article passera en revue les effets du cannabidiol (CBD) en ce qui concerne la psychose et la schizophrénie, et son prétendu traitement pour la psychose.

Méthodes:

Une recherche PubMed a été complétée en utilisant des termes: “Cannabidiol and Psychosis”, pour lesquels 63 études ont été repérées; “Cannabidiol and Schizophrenia”, pour lequel 65 études ont été repérées; et “Cannabidiol et Psychotomimetic,” pour lequel 37 études ont été repérées. Les critères d’inclusion comprenaient des articles de langue anglaise publiés de 2000 à aujourd’hui (juillet 2016) pour les études sur les humains seulement, menant à 7 essais cliniques d’évaluation. Suite à cette recherche, deux articles supplémentaires publiés en 2018 ont été ajoutés pour l’exhaustivité, totalisant 9 essais cliniques.

Résultats:

Des études récentes ont démontré que la psychose est secondaire au THC dans la marijuana; Il est plus marquant de constater que des études ont montré que le CBD peut être protecteur et avoir des propriétés antipsychotiques égales en efficacité aux antipsychotiques atypiques. Le THC et le CBD semblent avoir des effets physiologiques opposés sur les taux endogènes d’anandamide et de liaison au récepteur du cannabinol, mécanisme susceptible de conduire à l’effet antipsychotique du CBD.

Conclusions:

Les premières données montrent que le CBD peut être un traitement nouveau et viable contre la psychose. Cela pourrait avoir un effet sur la régulation des pourcentages de CBD et de THC en ce qui concerne la prévention de la schizophrénie précoce.
A Review of Infections in People Who Use Nonprescription Drugs
Authors: Lang Raynell , John Gill M. 
Published: April 2019

La dépendance accroît le risque d’infection chez une personne par des facteurs directs et indirects. Le risque direct d’infection par injection ou inhalation de substances est bien reconnu. Cependant, les voies indirectes, telles que les effets immunosuppresseurs de certaines drogues et les conditions sociales de la dépendance, peuvent augmenter le risque d’infection. Environ 200 millions de personnes (5% de la population adulte mondiale) consomment des drogues illégales chaque année et au Canada, près de 5 millions de personnes en 2015.
Pour ceux qui gèrent une dépendance, une approche personnalisée visant à réduire les risques d’infection, suivie d’un dépistage, d’un diagnostic précoce et d’un lien avec les programmes de traitement est essentielle. Pour ceux qui traitent une infection chez des personnes présentant un trouble lié à l’utilisation de substances, une approche holistique peut être nécessaire pour atteindre les objectifs du traitement au-delà des protocoles de gestion standard. Le travail d’équipe est généralement essentiel. Il implique: le patient, les services spécialisés en toxicomanie, le travail social, la pharmaceutique et les spécialistes des maladies infectieuses que tous communiquent ensemble afin d’optimiser les résultats.
Dans cette analyse, nous visons à mettre en évidence les infections courantes et importantes sur le plan clinique reliées à la médecine de la toxicomanie, afin de contribuer à la prévention, à l’identification, au diagnostic et au traitement optimal de telles infections.

Abstract
Addiction heightens an individual's risk for infection through both direct and indirect factors. The direct risk of infection from injecting or inhaling substances is well recognized. Indirect pathways, however, such as immunosuppressive effects of some drugs and the social circumstances of addiction may further increase the risk of infection. Approximately 200 million people (5% of the global adult population) use illegal drugs in any given year, and in Canada, this included nearly 5 million people in 2015.
For those managing addiction, a customized approach to reduce the risks for infection followed by screening, early diagnosis, and linkage to treatment programs is essential. For those treating infection in persons with substance use disorder, a holistic approach may be required to achieve treatment goals beyond standard management protocols. Teamwork is usually essential involving; the patient, addictions services, social work, pharmacy, and infectious disease specialists all communicating to optimize outcomes.
In this review, we aim to highlight common and clinically important infections that interface with addiction medicine, in order to help prevent, identify, diagnose, and optimally treat such infections.
Tau pathology in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Ziontz Jacob , Bilgel Murat , Shafer Andrea T. , Moghekar Abhay , Elkins Wendy , Helphey Jessica , Gomez Gabriela , June Danielle , McDonald Michael A. , Dannals Robert F. , Azad Babak Behnam , Ferrucci Luigi , Wong Dean F. , Resnick Susan M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTau pathology, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, is observed in the brains of virtually all individuals over 70.METHODSUsing 18F-AV-1451 (18F-flortaucipir) PET, we evaluated tau pathology in 54 cognitively normal participants (mean age 77.5, SD 8.9) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. We assessed associations between PET signal and age, sex, race, and amyloid positivity. We investigated relationships between regional signal and retrospective rates of change in regional volumes and cognitive function adjusting for age, sex, and amyloid status.RESULTSGreater age, male sex, black race, and amyloid positivity were associated with higher 18F-AV-1451 retention in distinct brain regions. Retention in the entorhinal cortex was associated with lower entorhinal volume (β = −1.124, SE = 0.485, p = 0.025) and a steeper decline in memory performance (β = −0.086, SE = 0.039, p = 0.029).DISCUSSIONAssessment of medial temporal tau pathology will provide insights into early structural brain changes associated with later cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.
On the Mathematics of Populations
Authors: Gomes M. Gabriela M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSelection acting on unobserved heterogeneity is a fundamental issue in the mathematics of populations. As recognised in disciplines as diverse as demography [11, 23, 24], ecology [10, 9], evolution [21] and epidemiology [1, 4, 5], in any population, individuals differ in many characteristics and it is essential that researchers understand which of these are under selection and how selection processes operate. Here I describe conceptual and methodological developments in demography and ecology, and discuss the importance of adopting similar approaches in evolution and epidemiology.
No atypical white-matter structures in grapheme- or color-sensitive areas in synesthetes
Authors: Weiss Franziska , Greenlee Mark W. , Volberg Gregor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGrapheme-color synesthetes experience colors when presented with written language characters. In this study diffusion-weighted imaging was used to investigate white matter alterations in color-and grapheme-processing brain areas in synesthetes as a possible factor for the color sensations. Regions of interest were defined by means of neuroanatomical atlantes, functional localizer tasks and retinotopic mapping. None of the regions showed differences in white matter structure between synesthetes and a control population, as revealed by fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity measures. Quite the contrary, the data broadly supported the null hypothesis of no group differences in white matter microstructure. This finding is in line with recent studies suggesting no atypical neuroanatomy in grapheme-color synesthetes.
Origin of a novel CYP20A1 transcript isoform through multiple Alu exaptations creates a potential miRNA sponge
Authors: Bhattacharya Aniket , Jha Vineet , Singhal Khushboo , Fatima Mahar , Singh Dayanidhi , Chaturvedi Gaura , Dholakia Dhwani , Kutum Rintu , Pandey Rajesh , Bakken Trygve E. , Seth Pankaj , Pillai Beena , Mukerji Mitali 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimate-specific Alus contribute to transcriptional novelties in conserved gene regulatory networks. Alu RNAs are present at elevated levels in stress conditions and consequently leads to transcript isoform specific functional role modulating the physiological outcome. One of the possible mechanisms could be Alu nucleated mRNA-miRNA interplay.ResultUsing combination of bioinformatics and experiments, we report a transcript isoform of an orphan gene, CYP20A1 (CYP20A1_Alu-LT) through exaptation of 23 Alus in its 9kb 3’UTR. CYP20A1_Alu-LT, confirmed by 3’RACE, is an outlier in length and expressed in multiple cell lines. We demonstrate its presence in single nucleus RNA-seq of ∼16000 human cortical neurons (including rosehip neurons). Its expression is restricted to the higher primates. Most strikingly, miRanda predicts ∼4700 miRNA recognition elements (MREs; with threshold< −25kcal/mol) for ∼1000 miRNAs, which have majorly originated within the 3’UTR-Alus post exaptation. We hypothesized that differential expression of this transcript could modulate mRNA-miRNA networks and tested it in primary human neurons where CYP20A1_Alu-LT is downregulated during heat shock response and upregulated upon HIV1-Tat treatment. CYP20A1_Alu-LT could possibly function as a miRNA sponge as it exhibits features of a sponge RNA such as cytosolic localization and ≥10 MREs for 140 miRNAs. Small RNA-seq revealed expression of nine miRNAs that can potentially be sponged by CYP20A1_Alu-LT in neurons. Additionally, CYP20A1_Alu-LT expression was positively correlated (low in heat shock and high in Tat) with 380 differentially expressed genes that contain cognate MREs for these nine miRNAs. This set is enriched in genes involved in neuronal development and hemostasis pathways.ConclusionWe demonstrate a potential role for CYP20A1_Alu-LT as miRNA sponge through preferential presence of MREs within Alus in a transcript isoform specific manner. This highlights a novel component of Alu-miRNA mediated transcriptional modulation leading to physiological homeostasis.