bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial selection on reproductive timing in hatchery salmon drives a phenological shift and potential maladaptation to climate change
Authors: Tillotson Michael D. , Barnett Heidy K. , Bhuthimethee Mary , Koehler Michele E. , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe timing of breeding migration and reproduction links generations and substantially influences individual fitness. In salmonid fishes, such phenological events (seasonal return to freshwater and spawning) vary among populations but are consistent among years, indicating local adaptation in these traits to prevailing environmental conditions. Changing reproductive phenology has been observed in many populations of Atlantic and Pacific salmon and is sometimes attributed to adaptive responses to climate change. The sockeye salmon spawning in the Cedar River near Seattle, Washington, USA, have displayed dramatic changes in spawning timing over the past 50 years, trending later through the early 1990s, and becoming earlier since then. We explored the patterns and drivers of these changes using generalized linear models and mathematical simulations to identify possible environmental correlates of the changes, and test the alternative hypothesis that hatchery propagation caused inadvertent selection on timing. The trend toward later spawning prior to 1993 was partially explained by environmental changes, but the rapid advance in spawning since was not. Instead, since its initiation in 1991, the hatchery has, on average, selected for earlier spawning, and, depending on trait heritability, could have advanced spawning by 1–3 weeks over this period. We estimated heritability of spawning date to be high (h2 ~0.8; 95% CI: 0.5–1.1), so the upper end of this range is not improbable, though at lower heritabilities a smaller effect would be expected. The lower reproductive success of early spawners and relatively low survival of early emerging juveniles observed in recent years suggest that artificial and natural selection are acting in opposite directions. The fitness costs of early spawning may be exacerbated by future warming; thus, the artificially advanced phenology could reduce the population’s productivity. Such artificial selection is known in many salmon hatcheries, so there are broad consequences for the productivity of wild populations comingled with hatchery‐produced fish.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in affected skin and increased mitochondrial DNA in serum from patients with psoriasis
Authors: Therianou Anastasia , Vasiadi Magdalini , Delivanis Danae A. , Petrakopoulou Theodora , Katsarou‐Katsari Alexandra , Antoniou Christina , Stratigos Alexandros , Tsilioni Irene , Katsambas Andreas , Rigopoulos Dimitris , Theoharides Theoharis C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPsoriasis is characterized by keratinocyte proliferation and chronic inflammation, but the pathogenesis is still unclear. Dysregulated mitochondria (mt) could lead to reduced apoptosis and extracellular secretion of mtDNA, acting as “innate pathogen” triggering inflammation. Serum was obtained from healthy volunteers and psoriatic patients. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from the serum and amplified with quantitative PCR (qPCR). Punch biopsies were obtained from lesional and non‐lesional psoriatic skin (10 cm apart) and from healthy volunteers, were placed in RNA later and were stored at −80°C until RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized; gene expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), Dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) and calcineurin, involved in the regulation of mitochondria function, was detected with qPCR. Mitochondrial DNA was significantly increased (7s, P = 0.0496 and Cytochrome B, CytB, P = 0.0403) in the serum of psoriatic patients (n = 63) as compared to controls (n = 27). Gene expression was significantly reduced for UCP2 (P = 0.0218), Drp1 (P = 0.0001) and calcineurin (P = 0.0001) in lesional psoriatic skin, as compared to non‐lesional or control skin. Increased serum extracellular mtDNA in psoriatic patients and decreased expression of mitochondrial regulatory proteins in psoriatic skin suggest increased inflammation and reduced keratinocyte apoptosis, respectively. Inhibitors of mtDNA secretion and/or UCP2 stimulants may be potential treatment options.
Managing at Maximum Sustainable Yield does not ensure economic well‐being for artisanal fishers
Authors: Giron‐Nava Alfredo , Johnson Andrew F. , Cisneros‐Montemayor Andrés M. , Aburto‐Oropeza Octavio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMaximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is a common target for fisheries aiming to achieve long‐term ecological sustainability. Although achieving MSY may ensure the long‐term sustainability of fish populations, we ask whether it will provide economic security for fishers. Here we use 16 years of daily landing records to estimate potential catches and revenues per capita if fisheries were exploited at MSY in 11 subregions across Mexico. We then compare fishers’ estimated revenues per capita against national poverty limits at the household level. Our results show that even if MSY is reached in artisanal fisheries, the overcapacity of fleets and the dissipation of rents threatens the economic well‐being of fishers and their families, pushing revenues per capita below poverty levels. Our work demonstrates the importance of resolving the trade‐offs between achieving economic, social and environmental objectives when managing for the long‐term sustainable use of natural resources.
Hydrophobic‐assembled curcumin–porcine plasma protein complex affected by pH
Authors: Wang Peng , Guo Xiaoya , Wu Changling , Huang Qian , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong , Bai Yun 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPorcine plasma protein (PPP) was used as encapsulation material based on its hydrophobic regulation through pH shifting, as follows: the exposed hydrophobic residues of PPP provide binding sites to curcumin at extreme alkaline pH value 12, and then, PPP–curcumin complex is formed by re‐adjusting the pH to a near neutral value. The stability and dispersibility of curcumin were significantly improved by this pH shifting method with PPP as carrier. The highest encapsulation efficiency (65.4%) of curcumin–PPP complex was obtained at 0.2 mg mL−1 curcumin concentration. The stability of curcumin–PPP complex improved with increasing ultimate pH value. The antioxidant activity of curcumin bound to the complex was comparable with that of native curcumin and did not get affected by heating at 121 °C for 1 min. Overall, a stable curcumin–PPP complex was formed by pH shifting method without organic solvents or specific equipment; this approach may considerably contribute to utilisation of PPP in the food industry.
Changing attitudes: The impact of Expert by Experience involvement in Mental Health Nursing Education: An international survey study
Authors: Happell Brenda , Platania‐Phung Chris , Scholz Brett , Bocking Julia , Horgan Aine , Manning Fionnuala , Doody Rory , Hals Elisabeth , Granerud Arild , Lahti Mari , Pullo Jarmo , Vatula Annaliina , Koski Johanna , van der Vaart Kornelis Jan , Allon Jerry , Griffin Martha , Russell Siobhan , MacGabhann Liam , Bjornsson Einar , Biering Pall 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReform to nursing education is essential to ensure future generations of nurses are strongly positioned to value, know, and deliver strength‐based, recovery‐oriented mental health practice. A promising pathway to effectively drive reform is the coproduction of curricula by nursing academics and people with lived experience of recovery from mental distress referred to as Experts by Experience. The Co‐production in Mental Health Nursing Education (COMMUNE) project is an international collaboration for development and implementation of consumer coproduced curricula. This study evaluated the inclusion of Expert by Experience‐led mental health nursing education on nursing students' attitudes to people labelled with mental illness, mental health nursing, and consumer participation. A repeated self‐report measures design was implemented in Australia, Ireland, and Finland to ascertain level of generalizability of consumer involvement within undergraduate nursing programmes. Data were collected from nursing students (n = 194) immediately before and after the education module, using three self‐report instruments on attitudes (Mental Health Nurse Education Survey, Consumer Participation Questionnaire, and Opening Minds Scale). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Eighty‐nine per cent of the 27 points of change reflected more favourable and accepting attitudinal change. Of these, 41% were significant at Bonferroni adjusted alpha of 0.0025. There was a statistically significant increase in preparedness for practice in the mental health field in each of the three countries. The most pronounced change is related to the social and systemic inclusion of people with a diagnostic label and recovery‐oriented care more broadly.
Weight change and mortality: Long‐term results from the trials of hypertension prevention
Authors: Cook Nancy R. , Appel Lawrence J. , Whelton Paul K. 
Published: November 2018

Although weight loss improves blood pressure (BP), its association with mortality remains unclear. In the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP), individuals aged 30‐54 years with high normal BP were randomized to weight loss, usual care or other intervention over 18 months (TOHP I) or 3‐4 years (TOHP II), with average 23‐year mortality follow‐up. We examined mortality and (a) randomized weight loss and (b) observed weight change among all with high baseline weight. Among 2964 randomized participants, 227 deaths occurred, with no intervention difference (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75‐1.26, P = 0.84). Among 3828 high‐weight participants, weight change was directly related to mortality (HR = 1.14 per 5% change, 95% CI = 1.02‐1.28, P = 0.019). During the trial 15% lost >5% (HR = 0.82), 29% lost 0‐<=5% (HR = 0.94), 41% gained 0‐<5% (reference), and 16% gained >5% (HR = 1.29) (P‐trend = 0.046). This is consistent with a long‐term beneficial effect of presumed intentional weight loss on mortality.
Comparison of glucose monitoring between Freestyle Libre Pro and iPro2 in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kumagai Ryo , Muramatsu Aiko , Fujii Masanao , Katakura Yukino , Ito Kei , Fujie Keiko , Nakata Yoshio , Hashimoto Koichi , Yagyu Hiroaki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionFlash and continuous glucose monitoring systems are becoming prevalent in clinical practice. We directly compared a flash glucose monitoring system (FreeStyle Libre Pro [FSL‐Pro]) with a continuous glucose monitoring system (iPro2) in patients with diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsGlucose concentrations were simultaneously measured using the FSL‐Pro, iPro2 and self‐monitoring blood glucose in 10 patients with diabetes mellitus, and agreement among them was assessed.ResultsParkes error grid analysis showed that the 92.9 and 7.1% of glucose values measured using the FSL‐Pro fell into areas A and B, respectively, and that 96.3, 2.8 and 0.9% of those determined using iPro2 fell into areas A, B and C, respectively. The median absolute relative differences compared with self‐monitoring blood glucose were 8.1% (3.9–12.7%) and 5.0% (2.6–9.1%) for the FSL‐Pro and iPro2, respectively. Analysis of 5,555 paired values showed a close correlation between FSL‐Pro and iPro2 glucose values (ρ = 0.96, P < 0.01). Notably, 65.3% of all glucose values were lower for the FSL‐Pro than the iPro2. Median glucose values also decreased by 3.3% for the FSL‐Pro compared with the iPro2 (177.0 [133.0–228.0] vs 183.0 [145.0–230.0] mg/dL, P < 0.01). The difference in glucose values between the two systems was more pronounced in hypoglycemia. The median absolute relative difference between FSL‐Pro and iPro2 during hypoglycemia was much larger than that during euglycemia and hyperglycemia.ConclusionsBoth the FSL‐Pro and iPro2 systems are clinically acceptable, but glucose values tended to be lower when measured using the FSL‐Pro than the iPro2. Agreement was not close between these systems during hypoglycemia.
Decision‐making styles, anxiety levels, and critical thinking levels of nurses
Authors: Polat Şehrinaz , Kutlu Leman , Ay Fatma , Purİsa Sevim , Erkan Habibe A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThis research was carried out so as to reveal the relationships between the anxiety state of nurses, their critical thinking disposition, and decision‐making strategies.MethodsSurvey forms and scales that were related to demographic attributes, anxiety, critical thinking and decision‐making were used in this research. The sampling was formed with 326 nurses who were selected by using the random sampling method. The data were collected between November, 2014 and January, 2015 via a Descriptive Information Form, the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Decision‐Making Strategies Scale.ResultsOf the nurses, 91.4% were discovered to have low critical thinking disposition levels. The nurses’ scores in analytics, open‐mindedness, and curiosity were higher, compared to the other categories. As for decision‐making, independent decision‐making was the most commonly used strategy. There was a poor positive relationship between the age of the nurses and their points of independent decision‐making and intuitive decision‐making. It was detected that age and open‐mindedness affected the total points of independent decision‐making, intuitive decision‐making, and rational decision‐making.ConclusionThe critical thinking training of nurses affects their rational decision‐making levels and their age affects independent, intuitive, and rational decision‐making. Systematicity affects only indecision in a negative way, whereas open‐mindedness negatively affects intuitive decision‐making, rational decision‐making, and indecision. Anxiety negatively affects independent decision‐making, whereas it affects indecision strategy positively. The working style of nurses does not affect their decision‐making strategies. Indecision strategy is negatively predicted by open‐mindedness, systematicity, and self‐confidence and it is positively predicted by anxiety.
Seasonal sex steroids indicate reproductive costs associated with snake fungal disease
Authors: Lind C. M. , Lorch J. M. , Moore I. T. , Vernasco B. J. , Farrell T. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEmergent diseases may result in population declines by inducing mortality directly or through sublethal effects on host reproduction. Snake fungal disease (SFD) is an emerging threat to biodiversity, but the sublethal impacts of disease on host fitness are poorly characterized. The cryptic nature of most snakes makes direct assessment of the fitness consequences of SFD challenging. In such contexts, measurement of sex steroids that correlate positively with seasonal reproductive investment may be useful in inferring the scope of disease impacts. To test the hypothesis that SFD is associated with reproductive suppression, we measured testosterone and estradiol in free‐ranging pygmy rattlesnakes with varying clinical signs of SFD. We also used real‐time PCR to validate the relationship between clinical signs and Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (Oo) DNA presence on the skin. Infected males had lower testosterone compared to uninfected males during summer spermatogenesis and the fall breeding season. Infected females were less likely to have elevated estradiol compared to uninfected females during spring vitellogenesis. Approximately 85% of individuals with clinical signs were positive for Oo DNA. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that coping with SFD comes at a cost to the reproductive success of afflicted individuals, and that seasonal sex steroids may be valuable early indicators of sublethal effects.
Fleas from domestic dogs and rodents in Rwanda carry Rickettsia asembonensis and Bartonella tribocorum
Authors: Nziza J. , Tumushime J. C. , Cranfield M. , Ntwari A. E. , Modrý D. , Mudakikwa A. , Gilardi K. , Šlapeta J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFleas (Siphonaptera) are ubiquitous blood‐sucking parasites that transmit a range of vector‐borne pathogens. The present study examined rodents (n = 29) and domestic dogs (n = 7) living in the vicinity of the Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, for fleas, identified flea species from these hosts, and detected Bartonella (Rhizobiales: Bartonellaceae) and Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) DNA. The most frequently encountered flea on rodents was Xenopsylla brasiliensis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). In addition, Ctenophthalmus (Ethioctenophthalmus) calceatus cabirus (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) and Ctenocephalides felis strongylus (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) were determined using morphology and sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II genes (cox1 and cox2, respectively). Bartonella tribocorum DNA was detected in X. brasiliensis and Rickettsia asembonensis DNA (a Rickettsia felis‐like organism) was detected in C. felis strongylus. The present work complements studies that clarify the distributions of flea‐borne pathogens and potential role of fleas in disease transmission in sub‐Saharan Africa. In the context of high‐density housing in central sub‐Saharan Africa, the detection of B. tribocorum and R. asembonensis highlights the need for surveillance in both rural and urban areas to identify likely reservoirs.
A novel technique for performing transseptal puncture guided by a non‐fluoroscopic 3D mapping system
Authors: Sawhney Vinit , Breitenstein Alexander , Watts Troy , Garcia Jason , Finlay Malcolm , Lowe Martin , Hunter Ross , Earley Mark J , Schilling Richard J , Sporton Simon , Dhinoja Mehul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundTransseptal puncture (TSP) is commonly performed under fluoroscopic guidance in left atrial ablation procedures. This exposes patients and healthcare professionals to deleterious ionizing radiation. We describe a novel technique for performing TSP non‐fluoroscopically using a three‐dimensional (3D) mapping system only. The safety and efficacy of this technique is compared to traditional fluoroscopy guided TSP.MethodsRetrospective, single‐center study of patients undergoing TSP for left atrial ablation. Those undergoing TSP using 3D mapping system alone (nonfluoroscopy group) were compared to those undergoing fluoroscopic guided TSP (Fluoroscopy group). Clinical, procedural data and complications were analyzed from a prospective registry.ResultsTwenty patients (32 TSPs) in the nonfluoroscopy (NF) group were compared to 14 patients (25 TSPs) in fluoroscopy (F) group. TSP success rates were similar across the groups (88% vs 96% in the NF and F groups, P = 0.97). In the NF group, there was one cardiac tamponade, two unsuccessful TSPs (previous cardiac surgery—required TOE guided TSP), and one patient required fluoroscopy on a background of CRTD device to avoid lead displacement. The mean fluoroscopy time and dose were significantly lower in the nonfluoroscopy group (0.75 ± 0.50 vs 5.32 ± 3.23 min, P < 0.001; 92.5 ± 60.7 vs 394.3 ± 182.7 cGy/cm2, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur study shows that TSPs can be performed safely and effectively using this non‐fluoroscopic novel technique in a select group of patients. Radiation exposure is reduced significantly without compromising patient safety. Larger studies are required to substantiate these results. Patients with cardiac implantable devices and previous cardiac surgery may pose a challenge to using this technique.
Service users’ first accounts of experiencing endings from a psychological service or therapy: A systematic review and meta‐ethnographic synthesis
Authors: Webb Kimberley , Schroder Thomas A. , Gresswell David M. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo review and synthesize the qualitative literature on service users’ experiences of endings from a psychological service or therapy.MethodsA systematic search of the peer‐reviewed literature identified qualitative studies meeting specific inclusion criteria. A modifiedCASPtool was used to critically appraise their quality, and a meta‐ethnographic approach was used to synthesize their findings.ResultsTwelve papers met the inclusion criteria. The interpretation of findings suggested three key themes: anticipation of ending, service user control, and sense of responsibility. Although studies varied in geographical location and type of service, they were consistently of high quality.ConclusionsThe review highlights the importance of service users’ perspectives in understanding the experiences of endings. The findings complement existing literature and provide new interpretations. Considerations for practice were limited; however, the review provides useful directions for future research.Practitioner pointsWhen ending therapy, clinicians should consider the dyadic nature of the therapeutic relationship and the emotional impact this may have upon both service users and staff.Further consideration should be given to how staff manage their responses to the ending.The time‐limited structure of therapy may aid the ending process by relieving staff and service users of responsibility.
Effect of Affective Reward on Cognitive Event‐related Potentials and its Relationship with Psychological Pain and Suicide Risk among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Song Wei , Li Huanhuan , Guo Ting , Jiang Songyuan , Wang Xiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore the electrophysiological correlates involved in three‐dimensional psychological pain and their relationship with suicide in patients with major depressive disorder.MethodThe sample comprised 23 and nine patients with major depressive disorder with high and low risk for suicide, respectively, and 24 healthy controls. All participants completed the measurements and performed an event‐related potential‐based analogue of the affective incentive delay task. The event‐related potential components previously associated with motivationally salient cue (contingent negative variation, P2, and cue‐P3), target (target‐P3), and feedback (reward vs. punishment, feedback‐related negativity, and feedback‐P3) stimuli were examined.ResultsAll inventory scores differed significantly among the high‐risk, low‐risk, and healthy control groups. During the expectant phase, the main effect of group and interaction between group and condition was significant in the average amplitudes of the cue‐P2 component. During the feedback phase, the feedback‐P3 elicited by positive feedback had a significant main effect of group and of the interaction between group and condition. Specifically, the feedback‐P3 elicited by negative feedback in the punitive condition showed significant positive correlations with the total and subscale scores on the Three‐Dimensional Psychological Pain Scale.ConclusionsFeedback‐P3 may be an electrobiological component underlying the processing of psychological pain in suicidality.