bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decrease of Cement Production Environmental Burden – LCA
Authors: Horáková A , Schreiberová H , Broukalová I , Fládr J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A big progress has been made in decrease of environmental impacts of cement production. Dust pollution around cement plants has been considerably decreased thanks to efficient dust separators. An intention of further emission reduction has been announced. The environmental burden of cement production is also decreased by substitution of cement by alternative binders. Hydraulic properties of energy by-products have been investigated for a long time to check their potential as a partial substitution of traditional cement binder. The paper will focus in examining the influence of variation of the concrete composition on the environmental impacts, identification of the most severe procedures in the cement production and analysis of meaningfulness of implementation of the proposed measures. The environment is a complex system. Potential modifications of concrete composition or production technology may bring benefits in certain areas and on the contrary cause environmental harm from another perspective. Hence, analysis of the cement production impacts cannot be based on one aspect, and a broad portfolio of impact categories will be assessed regarding concrete production environmental burden.
The Theory-Practice Gap in Value Management – A Case Study in Sri Lankan Construction Industry
Authors: Mahinkanda M M M P , Sandanayake Y G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Construction industry is a leading contributor to the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the country. However, it heavily consumes resources. Hence, it is vital to utilise resources efficiently and effectively. In this context, ensuring sustainability and value for money are crucial constructs in successful construction project delivery. Value management (VM) is widely accepted as a proactive concept for managing value. Although, VM concept is extensively accepted internationally, its applications do not seem to be well embraced in the construction sector of the majority of developing countries including Sri Lanka. The concept has not been practiced effectively by the industry practitioners due to lack of understanding of VM concept. Hence, this study aims to investigate the theory-practice gap in VM in Sri Lankan construction industry. A literature review followed by seven case studies were carried out and gathered data were analysed using code-based content analysis. Findings revealed that there is a theory-practice gap in VM resulting in ad-hoc informal implementation of VM job plan. Although theory states that VM can apply at any stage of a project, the case study projects have applied VM concept mainly during post contract stage as a cost cutting strategy. The study recommended strategies to bridge the VM theory-practice gap in order to deliver best value for client’s money and ultimately achieve sustainability in Sri Lankan construction industry.
Life Cycle Assessment Of Cooling and Heating System Based on Peltier Module
Authors: Żelazna A , Gołçbiowska J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sustainability in the construction branch refers strongly to the service life of buildings. According to many literature studies, typical energy standard buildings are characterized by significant share of the operational phase on their life cycle, considering various environmental indicators. Thus, the kind of the energy source is very often the key factor influencing the results of building’s Life Cycle Assessment. The innovative solution of cooling and heating system based on Peltier device is developed at Lublin University of Technology. The results obtained during laboratory tests (COP 0,767) as well as the results of Life Cycle Assessment procedure (GWP at the range of 0,22–0,9 gCO2eq/Wh) show that the developed system, after specific modifications, may be treated as environmentally friendly source of cooling and heating energy.
Simple Free Use Simulation Software for Buildings with Photovoltaic System and Battery
Authors: Wolf P , Kichou S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper describes proposed techniques used for simple simulation of a hybrid energy system in a building. An interactive software tool is presented that can be downloaded and used for any purpose free of charge. Based on selected household electrical equipment, solar irradiance, PV system design and ESS parameters an annual simulation is made based on hourly time resolution. The outputs presented in charts as well as tables show the distribution of energy sources (grid, PV), the effect of ESS operation, self-sufficiency of PV system and its utilization of PV throughout the year. The simulation is real-time based so the system design can be easily manually optimized to achieve specific goals (e.g. specified self-sufficiency at minimal costs). As the simulation if based on Excel sheets, it can be easily accustomed by users with specific requirements.
I-ZEB: Design and Development of a ZEB Test-Laboratory for an Integrated Evaluation of Building Technologies
Authors: Danza L , Belussi L , Barozzi B , Bellazzi A , Devitofrancesco A , Depalma M , Guazzi G , Meroni I , Maffè C , Ghellere M , Salamone F , Scamoni F , Scrosati Ch 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Energy efficiency of buildings is a critical issue for international and national policy. The European Directives provide strict requirements for buildings, imposing the near Zero Energy Building (nZEB) standard for new or refurbished public and private buildings starting from 2018 and 2020, respectively. Furthermore, Zero Energy Building (ZEB) is a recognized as a standard in order to improve the energy efficiency of the building sector. The collaboration of the professional and industrial sectors along with the scientific research allows to face these challenges. Within a research project, called I-ZEB, a ZEB test-laboratory where the stakeholders can test their solutions is designed and developed. The facility is designed in compliance with ZEB standard and is suitable for performing researches on new building technologies and their interaction with the built environment. The paper describes the design, the testing and the validation phases of the facility. High performing envelope, efficient HVAC, renewable energy source systems and advance control logics are the technical pillars of I-ZEB. Several characterization tests, including thermal, acoustic and environmental performance, have been carried out in order to detect the most suitable technical solutions. Moreover, the results will be tested and validated through a continuous monitoring of energy and environmental variables within the laboratory.
Effect of Traditional Persian Materials and Parametric Design on the Thermal Performance of a Generic Building in Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Sakiyama N R M , Hejazi S B M , de Oliveira C C , Frick J , Garrecht H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Concerns related to buildings’ green-house emissions in recent years lead to the increase of architectural adaptation to local environment. While passive conditioning strategies emphasising natural ventilation are common alternatives to achieve indoor comfort in hot and humid climate, they are not widely used in temperate climates. In this context, this paper presents a computer simulation study carried out through Archsim plug-in of Grasshoper/Rhinoceros. The object of study consists of a single family housing unit (flat) with an area of 31.25 m2 and a height of 2.80 m, with one user, under naturally ventilated conditions. As a reference case, the model used the climate of the city of Yazd in Iran and the simulations assessed parameters such as window-to-floor area ratios of 10% and 20%, as well as the thermal transmittance of exterior walls, considering an envelope with insulation materials, as a common European configuration, and an envelope with Persian materials, such as adobe. Two different Mediterranean climates, Palermo and Valencia, were investigated and the influence of these parameters at the building thermal performance was evaluated using cooling and heating degree-hours indicator, using as thermal comfort limits the Operative Temperature criteria established by ISO 7730. Using Persian materials at the model envelope increased its thermal inertia, thus reducing the temperature variation in the internal environment and improving its interior comfort, especially during the warmest seasons.
Exploring Concept of Sustainability through Understanding Traditional Resource Management Practices: Case of Thar Desert, India
Authors: Ghosh Saxena D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Brundtland Report published in 1980s, for the United Nations Organization, mentioned the concept of sustainability for the first time. It explained the concept as it is understood in modern times. However, while the term itself may not be very old, but is the core idea of sustainability and sustainable development also so recent? Or has it been central to the historic cities and developments which have managed to survive for centuries. Following paper examines various components, principles and parameters of sustainability, as defined in contemporary discourse, in a specific geographical context. The background is set in Indian subcontinent’s desert landscape- Thar, an arid and semi-arid geographic region. It explores knowledge systems developed and still practiced by native communities, over generations, to brave tough climatic condition and have shaped unique habitat in this/such resource parched geographies. The paper highlights the core values of sustainability as understood by the native communities of Thar and the nature of development it eventually shaped here as a product of this understanding. Finally, it concludes the merits in taking clues from traditional practices of resource management and strengthening the role of communities towards a more sensitive and sustainable future.
Urban Decay in Central Hill, Port Elizabeth
Authors: Swanepoel F , Smallwood J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Urban decay has caused the destruction of many neighbourhoods in many great cities, and Central Hill in Port Elizabeth is no exception. Given the reports in the media, and the visible urban decay in areas of Central Hill, a qualitative study entailing interviews was undertaken to determine the status quo, and the relationship, if any between various issues relating to urban decay. Findings include: that urban regeneration has had an impact, however urban decay is still occurring; there are five key issues in terms of mitigating urban decay through the management of the area; there are thirteen qualities that make a building uninhabitable; the raiding of abandoned buildings cause urban decay; there are five key aspects of a building require regular maintenance, and building owners can receive enough income to maintain their buildings if they ask fair market related rentals. Conclusions include that the cause of urban decay cannot be pinned to one specific event or incident, but is a result of many factors. Recommendations include: the development of an overarching strategy; optimum management of the area by all stakeholders; optimum policing; adequate maintenance of buildings; market-related rentals; development and enforcement of municipal bylaws, and municipal incentives for maintaining buildings in an optimum state.
OptEEmAL: Decision-Support Tool for the Design of Energy Retrofitting Projects at District Level
Authors: García-Fuentes M A , Hernández G , Serna V , Martín S , Álvarez S , Lilis G N , Giannakis G , Katsigarakis K , Mabe L , Oregi X , Manjarres D , Ridouane H El , De Tommasi L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Designing energy retrofitting actions poses an elevated number of problems, as the definition of the baseline, selection of indicators to measure performance, modelling, setting objectives, etc. This is time-consuming and it can result in a number of inaccuracies, leading to inadequate decisions. While these problems are present at building level, they are multiplied at district level, where there are complex interactions to analyse, simulate and improve. OptEEmAL proposes a solution as a decision-support tool for the design of energy retrofitting projects at district level. Based on specific input data (IFC(s), CityGML, etc.), the platform will automatically simulate the baseline scenario and launch an optimisation process where a series of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) will be applied to this scenario. Its performance will be evaluated through a holistic set of indicators to obtain the best combination of ECMs that complies with user’s objectives. A great reduction in time and higher accuracy in the models are experienced, since they are automatically created and checked. A subjective problem is transformed into a mathematical problem; it simplifies it and ensures a more robust decision-making. This paper will present a case where the platform has been tested.
Influence of Airflow on Thermal Comfort in an Energy-Saving House
Authors: Adamovský D , Kny M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The current thermal properties of building external structures including openings are supposed to suppress effects of draft to thermal comfort. But is it true expectation? The subject of the paper is the analysis of airflow around the window in three types of heating systems with predominant radiant as heat transfer. The analysis is based on experiments in the climatic cabin representing the room of a low-energy family house. To obtain the relevant data, a series of particle image laser velocimetry measurements were performed to visualize and quantify the airflow in the investigated area. The paper present results of the thermal comfort of the inhabitants of the room, which prove that with the influence of draft it is necessary to count on modern energy-saving buildings. They prove that old well-known rules about the position of the heating surface apply to the most cooled constructions and bring interesting conclusions about underfloor heating.
Daylighting Design Process for Visual Comfort and Energy Efficiency for a Signature Building
Authors: Kutlar N , Mengüç M P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Human comfort is the most important priority in designing living environments. Achieving thermal comfort, visual comfort, effective operation of a building along with innovative energy efficiency measures require extensive involvement of engineers and architectures in tandem for the future high-performance buildings. In this paper, we focus on design of the daylighting aspects of a complicated building and present a methodology. The concept here is based on the interactions of several stakeholders including the project owner, the project architect, structural engineers, façade engineers, mechanical engineers, lighting designers and electric engineers, who are involved in extensive discussions towards the design and construction of a complicated building in a iniversity campus. Simulations are carried out using different architectural and computational techniques including DesignBuilder and Revit. The project constraints set by the stakeholder preferences are resolved with other engineering methodologies. This interactive process allowed a very favourable design of daylighting in the building. In this paper, the steps are discussed and the methodology is outlined.
Potential and Impact of Incorporating Roof Photovoltaic to Enhance Environmental Sustainability of Historic English Churches in the United Kingdom
Authors: Khatri S , Ip K , Picco M , Hashemi A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Church of England (CofE) is responding to climate change by taking measures to reduce their CO2 footprint under its flagship programme -‘Shrinking the Footprint’, to facilitate the CO2 emission reduction target of 80 % by 2050. Meeting this target will require both energy efficiency measures and zero carbon energy generation of which solar PV technology is a frontrunner as it has a substantially lower CO2 footprint than grid’s electricity, with no moving parts, low maintenance and a long service life. Conventional church roofs built along the East-West axis offer the ideal pitches and orientation for collecting solar energy. However, within the CofE’s vast estate of over 15,000 church buildings, 78 % of these buildings are listed and hence care must be taken to protect the building fabric. With this context in mind, this study identifies the benefits and concerns associated with the application of rooftop solar PV on historic English Churches and evaluates viable technologies currently available. The specific design and procedural requirements have been investigated and the process map of the implementation methodology established and illustrated through a case study of an existing church. Results showed that rooftop solar PV system has the potential to reduce the GHG emissions substantially, ranging between 75 %–84 % for electricity and between 20 %–27 % for gas based on the current demand and the choice of technology option. Findings on the issues, design options and life cycle environmental impacts are analysed with discussion and recommendation of future adaptation at a national level.
A State‐Level Analysis of the Impact of a U.S.‐EU Harmonization of Food Safety Standards on U.S. Exports of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Karemera David , Xiong Bo , Whitesides Louis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA comprehensive trade agreement has the potential to intensify agricultural trade between the United States and the European Union (EU). The cooperation on non‐tariff barriers including food safety standards and sanitary and phytosanitary issues will expand trade in fruits and vegetables. Using quarterly bilateral trade data at the U.S. state level, we deployed gravity models and probit equations and found that a 10% reduction in MRL stringency would promote trade by 5%. If the final provisions endorse the Codex MRLs, the U.S.‐EU agreement would boost U.S. exports of fruits and vegetables to the EU by $473 million a year.
Five-Year Retrospective Analysis of Eurosilicone’s Silicone Gel–Filled Breast Implants
Authors: Saturno Maurizio , Stewart Sharon , Bell Erin , Esposito Emanuela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Silicone breast implants have been widely used for breast augmentation and reconstruction. During this time, silicone breast implants have undergone several modifications to improve their safety, quality, and clinical performance. Complications such as reoperation, capsular contracture, and rupture are risks often associated with breast implants.

Objectives
The authors conducted a retrospective study to analyze and report complication rates associated with Eurosilicone’s (Eurosilicone S.A.S, Apt, Cedex, France) silicone gel–filled breast implants over a period of 5 years.

Methods
In this retrospective clinical study, 2151 women who underwent either breast augmentation or breast reconstruction with Eurosilicone breast implants were diagnosed. Data on early and late complications including implant removal (explantation/exchange), capsular contracture, and rupture were collected using questionnaires, completed by 39 surgeons across Italy.

Results
Of the 2151, only 60 patients (2.78%) required implant removal. Twenty-five patients experienced capsular contracture (Baker Grade III/IV), giving an actual rate of 1.2%. The actual rate of implant rupture confirmed by breast magnetic resonance images was 0.18% (4 implants). Six patients (0.27%) were diagnosed with breast cancer following breast augmentation, and local complications including hematoma (1 patient) and seroma (2 patients) were experienced.

Conclusions
This retrospective clinical study involving Eurosilicone’s round and anatomical textured silicone gel–filled mammary implants demonstrates an excellent safety profile through 5 years.

Level of Evidence: 2
TCR3d: The T cell receptor structural repertoire database
Authors: Gowthaman Ragul , Pierce Brian G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Summary
T cell receptors (TCRs) are critical molecules of the adaptive immune system, capable of recognizing diverse antigens, including peptides, lipids and small molecules, and represent a rapidly growing class of therapeutics. Determining the structural and mechanistic basis of TCR targeting of antigens is a major challenge, as each individual has a vast and diverse repertoire of TCRs. Despite shared general recognition modes, diversity in TCR sequence and recognition represents a challenge to predictive modeling and computational techniques being developed to predict antigen specificity and mechanistic basis of TCR targeting. To this end, we have developed the TCR3d database, a resource containing all known TCR structures, with a particular focus on antigen recognition. TCR3d provides key information on antigen binding mode, interface features, loop sequences and germline gene usage. Users can interactively view TCR complex structures, search sequences of interest against known structures and sequences, and download curated datasets of structurally characterized TCR complexes. This database is updated on a weekly basis, and can serve the community as a centralized resource for those studying T cell receptors and their recognition.

Availability and implementation
The TCR3d database is available at https://tcr3d.ibbr.umd.edu/.
Hydra image processor: 5-D GPU image analysis library with MATLAB and python wrappers
Authors: Wait Eric , Winter Mark , Cohen Andrew R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSummaryLight microscopes can now capture data in five dimensions at very high frame rates producing terabytes of data per experiment. Five-dimensional data has three spatial dimensions (x, y, z), multiple channels (λ) and time (t). Current tools are prohibitively time consuming and do not efficiently utilize available hardware. The hydra image processor (HIP) is a new library providing hardware-accelerated image processing accessible from interpreted languages including MATLAB and Python. HIP automatically distributes data/computation across system and video RAM allowing hardware-accelerated processing of arbitrarily large images. HIP also partitions compute tasks optimally across multiple GPUs. HIP includes a new kernel renormalization reducing boundary effects associated with widely used padding approaches.Availability and implementationHIP is free and open source software released under the BSD 3-Clause License. Source code and compiled binary files will be maintained on http://www.hydraimageprocessor.com. A comprehensive description of all MATLAB and Python interfaces and user documents are provided. HIP includes GPU-accelerated support for most common image processing operations in 2-D and 3-D and is easily extensible. HIP uses the NVIDIA CUDA interface to access the GPU. CUDA is well supported on Windows and Linux with macOS support in the future.
Measuring Racial Bias in International Migration Flows
Authors: Rosenberg Andrew S 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAre international migration flows racially biased? Despite widespread consensus that racism and xenophobia affect migration processes, no measure exists to provide systematic evidence on this score. In this research note, I construct such a measure—the migration deviation. Migration deviations are the difference between the observed migration between states, and the flow that we would predict based on a racially blind model that includes a wide variety of political and economic factors. Using this measure, I conduct a descriptive analysis and provide evidence that migrants from majority black states migrate far less than we would expect under a racially blind model. These results pave a new way for scholars to study international racial inequality.