bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variants in mRNA untranslated regions
Authors: Steri Maristella , Idda M. Laura , Whalen Michael B. , Orrù Valeria 
Published: March 2018

Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have mapped thousands of genetic variants associated with complex disease risk and regulating quantitative traits, thus exploiting an unprecedented high‐resolution genetic characterization of the human genome. A small fraction (3.7%) of the identified associations is located in untranslated regions (UTRs), and the molecular mechanism has been elucidated for few of them. Genetic variations at UTRs may modify regulatory elements affecting the interaction of the UTRs with proteins and microRNAs. The overall functional consequences include modulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription, secondary structure, stability, localization, translation, and access to regulators like microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs). Alterations of these regulatory mechanisms are known to modify molecular pathways and cellular processes, potentially leading to disease processes. Here, we analyze some examples of genetic risk variants mapping in the UTR regulatory elements. We describe a recently identified genetic variant localized in the 3′UTR of the TNFSF13B gene, associated with autoimmunity risk and responsible of an increased stability and translation of TNFSF13B mRNA. We discuss how the correct use and interpretation of public GWAS repositories could lead to a better understanding of etiopathogenetic mechanisms and the generation of robust biological hypothesis as starting point for further functional studies.This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
ON A NEW PARADIGM OF OPTIMAL REINSURANCE: A STOCHASTIC STACKELBERG DIFFERENTIAL GAME BETWEEN AN INSURER AND A REINSURER
Authors: Chen Lv , Shen Yang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a new continuous-time framework to analyze optimal reinsurance, in which an insurer and a reinsurer are two players of a stochastic Stackelberg differential game, i.e., a stochastic leader-follower differential game. This allows us to determine optimal reinsurance from joint interests of the insurer and the reinsurer, which is rarely considered in the continuous-time setting. In the Stackelberg game, the reinsurer moves first and the insurer does subsequently to achieve a Stackelberg equilibrium toward optimal reinsurance arrangement. Speaking more precisely, the reinsurer is the leader of the game and decides on an optimal reinsurance premium to charge, while the insurer is the follower of the game and chooses an optimal proportional reinsurance to purchase. Under utility maximization criteria, we study the game problem starting from the general setting with generic utilities and random coefficients to the special case with exponential utilities and constant coefficients. In the special case, we find that the reinsurer applies the variance premium principle to calculate the optimal reinsurance premium and the insurer's optimal ceding/retained proportion of insurance risk depends not only on the risk aversion of itself but also on that of the reinsurer.
The Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect in Tomales Bay, California
Authors: Panich Lee M , Schneider Tsim D , Engel Paul 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the marine reservoir effect for Tomales Bay, a 25.5-km-long tidal estuary along the northern coast of California. We determined the regional ∆R through radiocarbon (14C) measurements of pre-1950 shells from a museum collection as well as archaeologically recovered shell samples from a historical railroad grade of known construction date. These results are compared against four sets of paired shell and bone samples from two local archaeological sites. Our results indicate little spatial variation along the inner bay, but the proposed ∆R value is lower than those previously reported for nearby areas along the Pacific Coast. We also note potential variability in regional ∆R of approximately 200 14C years for the late Holocene, and comparison with an older paired bone and shell sample points toward more significant temporal variation earlier in time.
Science and self-assessment: phrenological charts 1840–1940
Authors: SYSLING FENNEKE 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper looks at phrenological charts as mediators of (pseudo-)scientific knowledge to individual clients who used them as a means of self-assessment. Phrenologists propagated the idea that the human mind could be categorized into different mental faculties, with each particular faculty represented in a different area of the brain and by bumps on the head. In the US and the UK popular phrenologists examined individual clients for a fee. Drawing on a collection of phrenological charts completed for individual clients, this paper shows how charts aspired to convey new ideals of selfhood by using the authority of science in tailor-made certificates, and by teaching clients some of the basic practices of that science. Hitherto historians studying phrenology have focused mainly on the attraction of the content of phrenological knowledge for the wider public, but in this paper I show how the charts enabled clients to participate actively in creating knowledge of their own bodies and selves.
Innovative transportable laboratories for polar science
Authors: Noor Liesbeth H.W. , van der Kroef Dick A. , Wattam David , Pinnock Michael , van Rossum Ronald , Smit Marck G. , Brussaard Corina P.D. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and the British Antarctic Survey have built a transportable laboratory facility, named the Dirck Gerritsz Laboratory, to accommodate new scientific research on and from the western Antarctic Peninsula. The design provides a flexible, modular, plug-and-play, innovative and sustainable laboratory setup. The docking station houses four 20-foot ISO standard high-cube containers, each of which contains a different laboratory. Special technological features were used to minimise the environmental impact. The four laboratory containers are flexible and can be installed and used as required, and renewed or removed when necessary. The container laboratories have provided, since opening in 2013, enhanced facilities for global climate change research through studying the community composition of phytoplankton; the ecological impact of virus-induced mortality in different phytoplankton groups; dimethylsulphide and brominated compound fluxes; and CO2 concentrations and trace elements in sea water. Transportable research laboratory facilities provide an effective and efficient approach for undertaking scientific research in challenging environments and might be the start of a new way of undertaking research, including exchanging laboratory modules between research stations in Antarctica.
On the arithmetic of a family of degree - two K3 surfaces
Authors: BOUYER FLORIAN , COSTA EDGAR , FESTI DINO , NICHOLLS CHRISTOPHER , WEST MCKENZIE 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLet ℙ denote the weighted projective space with weights (1, 1, 1, 3) over the rationals, with coordinates x, y, z and w; let $\mathcal{X}$ be the generic element of the family of surfaces in ℙ given by

\begin{equation*}
X\colon w^2=x^6+y^6+z^6+tx^2y^2z^2.
\end{equation*}

The surface $\mathcal{X}$ is a K3 surface over the function field ℚ(t). In this paper, we explicitly compute the geometric Picard lattice of $\mathcal{X}$, together with its Galois module structure, as well as derive more results on the arithmetic of $\mathcal{X}$ and other elements of the family X.
Tibet's Invisible Languages and China's Language Endangerment Crisis: Lessons from the Gochang Language of Western Sichuan
Authors: Roche Gerald , Tsomu Yudru 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChina is facing a language endangerment crisis, with half of its languages decreasing in number of speakers. This article contributes to the understanding of language endangerment in China with a case study of the Gochang language, which is spoken by about 10,000 Tibetans in western Sichuan. We describe Gochang as an “invisible” language – one that is overlooked by the state's ethnic and linguistic policies and thus is more vulnerable to the social transformations wrought by statist development. Using UNESCO's language vitality and endangerment framework to assess the endangerment of Gochang, we conclude that the language is “definitely endangered.” Our comparison of Gochang with other “invisible” languages in China shows that most are in a similar predicament, suggesting that China's language endangerment crisis is likely to continue unless these languages receive formal recognition or local governments take advantage of ambiguities in the policy framework to support them. The social impacts of a continuing, deepening language endangerment crisis in China are as yet unknown.
Developmental trends of hot and cool executive function in school-aged children with and without autism spectrum disorder: Links with theory of mind
Authors: Kouklari Evangelia-Chrysanthi , Tsermentseli Stella , Monks Claire P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe development of executive function (EF) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been investigated using only “cool”-cognitive EF tasks while there is limited knowledge regarding the development of “hot”-affective EF. Although cool EF development and its links to theory of mind (ToM) have been widely examined, understanding of the influence of hot EF to ToM mechanisms is minimal. The present study introduced a longitudinal design to examine the developmental changes in cool and hot EF of children with ASD (n = 45) and matched (to age and IQ) controls (n = 37) as well as the impact of EF on ToM development over a school year. For children with ASD, although selective cool (working memory and inhibition) and hot (affective decision making) EF domains presented age-related improvements, they never reached the performance level of the control group. Early cool working memory predicted later ToM in both groups but early hot delay discounting predicted later ToM only in the ASD group. No evidence was found for the reverse pattern (early ToM predicting later EF). These findings suggest that improvements in some EF aspects are evident in school age in ASD and highlight the crucial role that both cool and hot EF play in ToM development.
The Mediating Role of Coping between Competitive Anxiety and Sport Commitment in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Pons Joan , Viladrich Carme , Ramis Yago , Polman Remco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFramed in cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotions (Lazarus, 1999), this study aimed to test how coping mediated the relationship between competitive anxiety and sport commitment in a sample of adolescent athletes. Five-hundred adolescents (M = 16.42; SD = 1.54) participated in our study. Participants completed competitive anxiety, coping, and sport commitment measures. We defined the measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling; and compared two different models of mediation (i.e., total and partial mediation) using structural equation modeling. Results favored partial mediation model where cognitive anxiety factors predicted sport commitment. Results from this model suggest direct and mediated structural relations between concepts. Somatic anxiety had a weak influence on sport commitment (total effects = 0.090 [–.131, .311]). Worry showed a positive influence on sport commitment (total effects = .375 [.262, .486]) through direct and mediated effects. Concentration disruption showed a negative impact on sport commitment (total effects = –.544 [–.724, –.363]) trough mediated effects only, showing a negative path on task-oriented coping and a positive path on disengagement-oriented coping. As a whole, our findings identify task coping efforts undertaken by adolescent athletes as a key element in the relationship between competitive anxiety and sport commitment. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the design of coping interventions in adolescents.
Aspermerodione, a novel fungal metabolite with an unusual 2,6-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton, as an inhibitor of penicillin-binding protein 2a
Authors: Qiao Yuben , Zhang Xiaotian , He Yan , Sun Weiguang , Feng Wenya , Liu Junjun , Hu Zhengxi , Xu Qianqian , Zhu Hucheng , Zhang Jinwen , Luo Zengwei , Wang Jianping , Xue Yongbo , Zhang Yonghui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRising drug resistance limits the treatment options infected by methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). A promising solution for overcoming the resistance of MRSA is to inhibit the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a). A novel terpene-polyketide hybrid meroterpenoid, aspermerodione (1), characterized by an unusual 2,6-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core skeleton, and a new heptacyclic analogue, andiconin C (2), were isolated and identified from the liquid cultures of endophytic fungusAspergillussp. TJ23. The structures and their absolute configurations of all chiral centers were elucidated via extensive spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Aspemerodione (1) was found to be a potential inhibitor of PBP2a, and work synergistically with theβ-lactam antibiotics oxacillin and piperacillin against MRSA.
Assessment of susceptible chemical modification sites of trastuzumab and endogenous human immunoglobulins at physiological conditions
Authors: Schmid Ingrid , Bonnington Lea , Gerl Monika , Bomans Katrin , Thaller Anna Louisa , Wagner Katharina , Schlothauer Tilman , Falkenstein Roberto , Zimmermann Boris , Kopitz Jürgen , Hasmann Max , Bauss Frieder , Haberger Markus , Reusch Dietmar , Bulau Patrick 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe quality control testing of chemical degradations in the bio-pharmaceutical industry is currently under controversial debate. Here we have systematically applied in vitro and in vivo stress conditions to investigate the influence of protein degradation on structure-function. Extensive purification and characterization enabled identification and functional assessment of the physiological degradation of chemical modification sites in the variable complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) and conserved region of trastuzumab. We demonstrate that the degradation of the solvent-accessible residues located in the CDR and the conserved fragment crystallizable region (Fc) occurs faster in vivo (within days) compared to the levels observed for bio-process and real-time storage conditions. These results hence question the rationality of extreme monitoring of low level alterations in such chemical modifications as critical patient safety parameters in product quality control testing, given that these modifications merely mirror the natural/physiological aging process of endogenous antibodies.
Promoting Conditional Use of Communication Skills for Learners With Complex Communication Needs: A Tutorial
Authors: Simacek Jessica , Reichle Joe , Byiers Breanne J. , Parker-McGowan Quannah , Dimian Adele F. , Elmquist Marianne 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Conditional use of communication skills refers to the ability of a learner to appropriately generalize and discriminate when, where, and how to communicate based on constant variation and shifts in environmental cues.

Method
We describe discrimination and generalization challenges encountered by learners with complex communication needs and ways in which these challenges are fostered through traditional communication intervention programming. We address arrangements in instruction that maximize the probability of learners acquiring the conditional use of new vocabulary and the modest instructional technology implemented when planning for generalization.

Results
We propose establishing well-discriminated and generalized use of new vocabulary items through the application of a general case instruction framework to communication intervention programming.

Conclusion
We provide intervention methodology, including intervention steps for general case instruction, a plethora of functional examples, and graphic displays to assess and intervene to promote conditional use of communication skills for learners with complex communication needs.
Unveiling the physical conditions of the youngest disks
Authors: van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Tobin John J. , Harsono Daniel , van Dishoeck Ewine F. 
Published: March 2018

Context.Protoplanetary disks have been studied extensively, both physically and chemically, to understand the environment in which planets form. However, the first steps of planet formation are likely to occur already when the protostar and disk are still embedded in their natal envelope. The initial conditions for planet formation may thus be provided by these young embedded disks, of which the physical and chemical structure is poorly characterized.Aims.We aim to constrain the midplane temperature structure, one of the critical unknowns, of the embedded disk around L1527. In particular, we set out to determine whether there is an extended cold outer region where CO is frozen out, as is the case for Class II disks. This will show whether young disks are indeed warmer than their more evolved counterparts, as is predicted by physical models.Methods.We used archival ALMA data of13COJ= 2–1, C18OJ= 2–1 and N2D+J= 3–2 to directly observe the midplane of the near edge-on L1527 disk. The optically thick CO isotopologues allowed us to derive a radial temperature profile for the disk midplane, while N2D+, which can only be abundant when CO is frozen out, provides an additional constraint on the temperature. Moreover, the effect of CO freeze-out on the13CO, C18O and N2D+emission was investigated using 3D radiative transfer modeling.Results.Optically thick13CO and C18O emission is observed throughout the disk and inner envelope, while N2D+is not detected. Both CO isotopologues have brightness temperatures ≳25 K along the midplane. Disk and envelope emission can be disentangled kinematically, because the largest velocities are reached in the disk. A power law radial temperature profile constructed using the highest midplane temperature at these velocities suggest that the temperature is above 20 K out to at least 75 au, and possibly throughout the entire 125 au disk. The radiative transfer models show that a model without CO freeze-out in the disk matches the C18O observations better than a model with the CO snowline at ~70 au. In addition, there is no evidence for a large (order of magnitude) depletion of CO.Conclusions.The disk around L1527 is likely to be warm enough to have CO present in the gas phase throughout the disk, suggesting that young embedded disks can indeed be warmer than the more evolved Class II disks.
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): The environmental dependence of the galaxy main sequence
Authors: Wang L. , Norberg P. , Brough S. , Brown M. J. I. , da Cunha E. , Davies L. J. , Driver S. P. , Holwerda B. W. , Hopkins A. M. , Lara-Lopez M. A. , Liske J. , Loveday J. , Grootes M. W. , Popescu C. C. , Wright A. H. 
Published: March 2018

Aims: We aim to investigate if the environment (characterised by the host dark matter halo mass) plays any role in shaping the galaxy star formation main sequence (MS).
Methods: The Galaxy and Mass Assembly project (GAMA) combines a spectroscopic survey with photometric information in 21 bands from the far-ultraviolet (FUV) to the far-infrared (FIR). Stellar masses and dust-corrected star-formation rates (SFR) are derived from spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling using MAGPHYS. We use the GAMA galaxy group catalogue to examine the variation of the fraction of star-forming galaxies (SFG) and properties of the MS with respect to the environment.
Results: We examine the environmental dependence for stellar mass selected samples without preselecting star-forming galaxies and study any dependence on the host halo mass separately for centrals and satellites out to z ∼ 0.3. We find the SFR distribution at fixed stellar mass can be described by the combination of two Gaussians (referred to as the star-forming Gaussian and the quiescent Gaussian). Using the observed bimodality to define SFG, we investigate how the fraction of SFG F(SFG) and properties of the MS change with environment. For centrals, the position of the MS is similar to the field but with a larger scatter. No significant dependence on halo mass is observed. For satellites, the position of the MS is almost always lower (by ∼0.2 dex) compared to the field and the width is almost always larger. F(SFG) is similar between centrals (in different halo mass bins) and field galaxies. However, for satellites F(SFG) decreases with increasing halo mass and this dependence is stronger towards lower redshift.
Estimation methods of the agricultural equipment value with
regard toevaluation of Alina carrot harvester
Authors: Kowalczyk Zbigniew , Cupiał Michał 
Published: March 2018

The objective of the paper is to present methods of evaluation of real estates used for evaluation of agricultural equipment and types of value related thereto. Alina carrot harvester by Waremczuk company served as an example, for which a detailed methodology and the results of valuation were presented.
Evaluation was carried out based on two approaches namely a comparative and cost approach. In the case of the comparative approach, the average price adjustment method was used and in the case of the cost approach - a replacement cost method.As a result of using various approaches and methods of evaluation two slightly different values of the evaluated harvester were obtained. It was respectively: EUR16,406 - at the use of the average price adjustment method and EUR 17,678 - the estimated net replacement value in the cost approach for the replacement method.
η and η′ masses and decay constants
Authors: Bali Gunnar , Collins Sara , Simeth Jakob 
Published: March 2018

We present preliminary results for the masses and decay constants of the η and η′ mesons using CLS Nf = 2 + 1 ensembles.
One of the major challenges in these calculations are the large statistical fluctuations due to disconnected quark loops. We tackle these by employing a combination of noise reduction techniques which are tuned to minimize the statistical error at a fixed cost. On the analysis side we carefully assess excited states contributions by using a direct fit
approach.
Dispersion relations of charmonia above Tc
Authors: Kitazawa Masakiyo , Ikeda Atsuro , Asakawa Masayuki 
Published: March 2018

We study spectral properties of charmonia in the vector and pseudoscalar channels at nonzero momenta on quenched lattices focusing on the dispersion relation and the weight of the peak. The spectral functions of charmonia are studied by the maximum entropy method with the lattice Euclidean correlation functions on the anisotropic quenched lattices. The errors of the dispersion relations and the residues of the peak are analysed in the maximum entropy method. We find a significant increase of the masses of charmonia in medium. We also find that the functional form of the dispersion relations is not changed from that in the vacuum within the error even at T = 1:6Tc.
Preprint number: J-PARC-TH-0111