bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between smoking and Behçet's disease: a nationwide population‐based study in Korea
Authors: Lee Y.B. , Lee J.H. , Lee S.Y. , Lee J.H. , Yu D.S. , Han K.D. , Park Y.G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere have been conflicting results about the association between Behçet's disease and smoking. Smoking has been reported to be a protective factor for Behçet's disease, whereas smoking may have a role in triggering Behçet's disease.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of Behçet's disease in Korea according to smoking status using nationwide population data.MethodsWe analysed clinical data from individuals 20 years of age and older who received a health examination arranged by the Korean national insurance programme between 2009 and 2012. The incidence of Behçet's disease was analysed according to smoking status reported by individuals during their health examination. Newly diagnosed cases of Behçet's disease were identified using claims data from baseline to the date of diagnosis or until 31 December 2016.ResultsThe risk of Behçet's disease was lower in current smokers compared with never‐smokers regardless of the amount and duration of smoking. The decreased risk of Behçet's disease in current smoker persisted after adjusting for age, sex, regular exercise, drinking status, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, history of stroke and/or history of ischaemic heart diseases.LimitationsGenetic susceptibility or family history of Behçet's disease was not considered.ConclusionsThis study found a decreased incidence of Behçet's disease in current smokers compared with never‐smokers. Further investigation of the pathophysiology responsible for the negative association between smoking and Behçet's disease is needed.
Life‐history characteristics of an exploited bonefishAlbula glossodontapopulation in a remote South Pacific atoll
Authors: Filous Alexander , Lennox Robert J. , Coleman Richard R. , Friedlander Alan M. , Clua Eric E. G. , Danylchuk Andy J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBonefishesAlbulaspp. are important components of subsistence fisheries and lucrative sport fishing industries throughout their circumtropical distribution. In Oceania, however,Albulaspp. have historically been overexploited and there is a growing need to balance the demands of competing fishing sectors, making the description of their life history a regional priority. To this aim, we collected biological samples fromAlbulaspp. of Anaa atoll, French Polynesia, to identify the species that compose the stock and estimate their life‐history parameters including age, growth, reproduction and natural mortality. Our results indicate thatAlbula glossodontais the species of bonefish present, with a maximum age that is below the, 20 year longevity of the genus (8 years in males and 10 years in females). Differential growth patterns existed between the two sexes (L∞= 58, 78 cm fork length (LF) andK= 0.38, 0.21 for males and females, respectively). Males attained sexual maturity at 43 cmLF(c. 3 years) whereas females matured at 48 cmLF(c. 4 years) and oocyte production was significantly related to body mass, with a maximum batch fecundity of 1,133,767 oocytes in a 4406 g (70 cmLF) female. The gonado‐somatic index of harvested fishes indicated that the spawning season extends from March through September. Based on the observation of a, 20 year bonefish at the proximate Tetiaroa Atoll and several empirical models, estimates of natural mortality ranged from 0.21 to 0.68; however, an estimate of 0.21 was deemed most appropriate. This information facilitated the resurgence of aRahui(temporary fishing closure) and community‐based management to protectA. glossodontaduring a critical portion of their spawning season and in this context our results provide an important demographic baseline in evaluating the recovery of this fishery.
Effect of particle size distribution on the in vitro digestion of calcium alginate‐starchy model foods
Authors: Ramírez Cristian , Millón Camila , Nuñez Helena , del Campo Valeria , Almonacid Sergio , Simpson Ricardo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate through the use of Weibull and Multiscale kinetics models the effect of different particle size distributions on starch hydrolysis during in vitro digestion of calcium alginate filled with gelatinized potato starch as model foods. Three‐different model foods (calcium alginate and gelatinized starch with a without alginate beads) were used. Three particle size distributions by applying the amount of 5, 10, and 15 compression cycles were generated and characterized by Rosin‐Rammler model. The different particle distributions were in vitro digested and starch hydrolysis was quantified. The results showed significant differences (p > .05) between the three particle size distributions. In general, the particle size affected the starch hydrolysis, but structured model food produced a lower hydrolysis (~73%) compared to nonstructured food (>90%). These results also showed that incorporation of beads played an important role in modulating starch hydrolysis. The Weibull‐model (R2 > 0.95) and Multiscale kinetics‐model (R2 > 0.98) were fitted to starch hydrolysis curves. The parameters of both models were able to explain the hydrolysis behavior for the different kind of structures and particle size distributions studied. This study showed that particle size distribution or incorporation of small beads can determine the starch hydrolysis during in vitro digestion.Practical applicationThe chewing process has as main objective to reduce the food to small particles. These particles have a size distribution which will be dependent on the number of chewing cycles that are applied. This distribution can be determinant in the following step of digestion, especially at the intestinal level where carbohydrate hydrolysis mainly occurs. The results showed how food structuring can affect the particle size distributions with the consequent of modulating starch hydrolysis during in vitro digestion of gelatinized potato starch. Certainly, this study, beyond presenting a way to simulate the chewing process, showed the importance to consider a method to produce a particle size distribution which can impact on nutrient release. Finally, for food industry could be useful to have information about how the particle size affect the amount of nutrients that can be obtained from the food, mainly to be informed to consumers into the nutrition facts.
The involvement of wheat U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase TaPUB1 in salt stress tolerance
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Wang Wenqiang , Wu Yunzhen , Li Qinxue , Zhang Guangqiang , Shi Ruirui , Yang Junjiao , Wang Yong , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractU‐box E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in the ubiquitin/26S proteasome machinery and in abiotic stress responses. TaPUB1‐overexpressing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were generated to evaluate its function in salt tolerance. These plants had more salt stress tolerance during seedling and flowering stages, whereas the TaPUB1‐RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated knock‐down transgenic wheat showed more salt stress sensitivity than the wild type (WT). TaPUB1 overexpression upregulated the expression of genes related to ion channels and increased the net root Na+ efflux, but decreased the net K+ efflux and H+ influx, thereby maintaining a low cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio, compared with the WT. However, RNAi‐mediated knock‐down plants showed the opposite response to salt stress. TaPUB1 could induce the expression of some genes that improved the antioxidant capacity of plants under salt stress. TaPUB1 also interacted with TaMP (Triticum aestivum α‐mannosidase protein), a regulator playing an important role in salt response in yeast and in plants. Thus, low cytosolic Na+/K+ ratios and better antioxidant enzyme activities could be maintained in wheat with overexpression of TaPUB1 under salt stress. Therefore, we conclude that the U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase TaPUB1 positively regulates salt stress tolerance in wheat.
High sustained virologic response in genotypes 3 and 6 with generic NS5A inhibitor and sofosbuvir regimens in chronic HCV in myanmar
Authors: Hlaing Naomi Khaing Than , Nangia Gayatri , Tun Kyaw Thet , Lin Sithu , Maung Moe Zaw , Myint Khin Thuzar , Kyaw A. Mi Mi , Maung Soe Thiha , Sein Win Sithu , Bwa Aung Hlaing , Loza Bao‐Li , Win Khin Maung , Reddy K. Rajender 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExclusive HCV therapy clinical trials with genotype 6 patients in high prevalence areas have been sparse. We analysed the safety and efficacy of two generic, pangenotypic NS5A/NS5B combination oral DAA regimens, primarily in genotypes 3 and 6, in a real‐world setting: (a) daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (DCV/SOF) ± ribavirin (RBV) and (b) Velpatasvir/sofosbuvir (VEL/SOF ± RBV). Between December 2015 and November 2017, data from 522 patients were analysed, 311 of whom were treated with DCV/SOF ± RBV for 12/24 weeks (genotype 3: n = 193, genotype 6: n = 89) and 211 were treated with VEL/SOF ± RBV for 12/24 weeks (genotype 3: n = 83, genotype 6: n = 77). Overall SVR rates were high for both DCV/SOF ± RBV (96.1%, n = 299/311) and VEL/SOF ± RBV (95.3%, n = 201/211), and there was a good adverse event profile. Treatment naïve status and inclusion of RBV (in advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis) were significant independent predictors of achieving SVR12, while type of DAA regimen was not predictive. In this large cohort of genotypes 3 (n = 276) and 6 (n = 166; n = 127 unique subtype of 6c‐l), high SVR rates of 94.9% (n = 262/276) and 95.2% (n = 158/166), respectively, were noted. In conclusion, generic and pangenotypic DCV/SOF and VEL/SOF ± RBV regimens were highly effective and safe, in genotypes 3 and 6 chronic HCV in Myanmar. These efficacious pangenotypic regimens suggest that baseline genotype testing can be eliminated moving forward. While RBV may still be needed for those with advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, in a global elimination strategy it would not be practical even if it does compromise SVR in a minority with difficult to treat characteristics.
Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor C11 (Mrgprc11) induces visceral hypersensitivity in the mouse colon: A novel target in gut nociception?
Authors: Van Remoortel Samuel , Ceuleers Hannah , Arora Rohit , Van Nassauw Luc , De Man Joris G. , Buckinx Roeland , De Winter Benedicte Y. , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundVisceral hypersensitivity, an important cause of abdominal pain in disorders such as IBD and IBS, presents with a poorly understood pathophysiology and limited treatment options. Several members of the Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor family (Mrgprs) have become promising targets in pain research. The potential link between the murine Mrgpr C11 (Mrgprc11) and gut nociception is currently uninvestigated. Therefore, we explored the expression and functional role of Mrgprc11 in the gut nociceptive innervation.MethodsMrgprc11 expression was evaluated in DRG neurons innervating the mouse colon using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Visceromotor responses to colorectal distension (CRD) assessed the effect of the Mrgprc11 agonist, BAM(8‐22), on colonic pain sensitivity in healthy mice. Moreover, we determined pERK1/2‐immunoreactivity in the thoracolumbar spinal cord after noxious CRD. Finally, from a translational point of view, we looked for expression of the human counterpart of Mrgprc11, MRGPRX1, in human thoracolumbar DRGs.Key ResultsIn situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed Mrgprc11 expression in colonic DRG neurons. Intracolonic administration of BAM(8‐22) significantly increased colonic pain sensitivity in an Mrgprc11‐dependent manner, and led to a significantly increased degree of neuronal activation in the splanchnic spinal cord upon noxious stimulation. Furthermore, MRGPRX1 expression was also detected in human thoracolumbar DRG neurons.Conclusions & InferencesOur findings established a novel function for Mrgprc11 in the gut nociceptive innervation and propose the receptor as a new player in visceral hypersensitivity. Given the presence of MRGPRX1 in human DRG neurons, our study warrants future research on its therapeutic potential in abdominal pain disorders.
Admixture mapping in interspecific Populus hybrids identifies classes of genomic architectures for phytochemical, morphological and growth traits
Authors: Bresadola Luisa , Caseys Céline , Castiglione Stefano , Buerkle C. Alex , Wegmann Daniel , Lexer Christian 
Published: May 2019

Summary

The genomic architecture of functionally important traits is key to understanding the maintenance of reproductive barriers and trait differences when divergent populations or species hybridize. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to study trait architecture in natural hybrids of two ecologically divergent Populus species.

We genotyped 472 seedlings from a natural hybrid zone of Populus alba and Populus tremula for genome‐wide markers from reduced representation sequencing, phenotyped the plants in common gardens for 46 phytochemical (phenylpropanoid), morphological and growth traits, and used a Bayesian polygenic model for mapping.

We detected three classes of genomic architectures: traits with finite, detectable associations of genetic loci with phenotypic variation in addition to highly polygenic heritability; traits with indications for polygenic heritability only; and traits with no detectable heritability. For the first class, we identified genome regions with plausible candidate genes for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis or its regulation, including MYB transcription factors and glycosyl transferases.

GWAS in natural, recombinant hybrids represent a promising step towards resolving the genomic architecture of phenotypic traits in long‐lived species. This facilitates the fine‐mapping and subsequent functional characterization of genes and networks causing differences in hybrid performance and fitness.
Farm households’ rice production behavior in China under a separability assumption: A metaheuristic optimization approach
Authors: Chen Fengbo , Ma Qiuzhuo , Huang Wenbin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe production behavior of farm households has been a topic of interest for a long time. We explore the optimal production strategies from a household's perspective under the assumption of separability between consumption and production. The data used for this study come from farm households located in five provinces of China. To identify the impacts of various parameters on farmers' production behavior, optimal solutions and the households' actual production behaviors are compared. Results show that most of the households overinvested on farm land, labor force, materials, and machinery. Compared to existing production efficiency estimates, households, regardless of size, and exhibit different degrees of nonseparability. The sensitivity analysis shows a similar result, but finds that large households become more efficient if they have a higher production coefficient. The optimized result obtained in this paper not only provides farmers with decision‐support information on efficient resource allocation, but also helps policymakers to formulate better agricultural policies.Recommendations for Resource ManagersA household production model is constructed to assess whether production and consumption behaviors are different among Chinese farmers. A genetic algorithm that belongs to a metaheuristic cluster is applied to search for the optimal solution, given the parameters obtained from using a ridge regression model. The following implications could be recommended based on the findings of the paper:

The goodness of the convergence of the algorithm helps to find the optimal rice production decision, when facing a large number of input variables.
The evidence that can support the separability among farm household's production behavior which to some degree supports nonseparability.
As some of the external parameters, such as nonagricultural income, as well as farm scale, are increased, the optimal solution shows the separability among some households.
Unless farm size is increased substantially, there is a need to support farmers in production behavior so that they can be efficient and profitable rather than just subsistent.
Pain and Distraction According to Sensory Modalities: Current Findings and Future Directions
Authors: Bascour‐Sandoval Claudio , Salgado‐Salgado Sergio , Gómez‐Milán Emilio , Fernández‐Gómez Jesús , Michael George A. , Gálvez‐García Germán 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis review discusses the findings in the literature on pain and distraction tasks according to their sensory modality. Distraction tasks have been shown to reduce (experimentally induced) acute pain and chronic pain. This can be influenced by nature and by the sensory modalities used in the distraction tasks. Yet the effect on reducing pain according to the sensory modality of the distraction task has received little attention.MethodsA bibliographic search was performed in different databases. The studies will be systematized according to the sensory modality in which the distraction task was applied.ResultsThe analyzed studies with auditory distractors showed a reduction of acute pain in adults. However, these are not effective at healthy children and in adults with chronic pain. Visual distractors showed promising results in acute pain in adults and children. Similarly, tactile and mixed distractors decreased acute pain in adults.ConclusionDistraction tasks by diverse sensory modalities have a positive effect on decreasing the perception of acute pain in adults. Future studies are necessary given the paucity of research on this topic, particularly with tactile distractors (there is only one study). Finally, the most rigorous methodology and the use of ecological contexts are encouraged in future research.
Foliar application of manganese increases sugarcane resistance to orange rust
Authors: Mesquita G. L. , Tanaka F. A. O. , Zambrosi F. C. B. , Chapola R. , Cursi D. , Habermann G. , Massola N. S. , Ferreira V. P. , Gaziola S. A. , Azevedo R. A. 
Published: May 2019

Orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii) is a serious disease compromising the sustainability of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production. The objective of this research was to study whether supplemental manganese (Mn) supplied through foliar sprays ameliorates negative effects of orange rust on sugarcane and, if so, to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The experiment was conducted using a sugarcane variety susceptible to the disease; a single spray of Mn at 5 g L−1 (Mn0.5%) or 10 g L−1 (Mn1%), plus a control (Mn0%) was performed before pathogen inoculation. Symptom severity, antioxidant metabolism, lignin deposition and anatomical organization were evaluated. Photosynthesis was also measured in newly expanded leaves and plants were harvested to estimate growth responses. The percentage diseased leaf area was reduced from 15% under Mn0% to 2.2% and 0.9% under Mn0.5% and Mn1%, respectively. This decrease was accompanied by increases in biomass production in the plants. Scanning and light microscopy images revealed that Mn treatment caused direct damage to the fungal spores and improved lignin deposition in the mesophyll. In the presence of the disease, Mn‐sprayed leaves exhibited lower levels of oxidative stress, in addition to improved structural organization of xylem and phloem vessels compared to the untreated control. The negative effects of orange rust on gas exchange and photochemistry were also ameliorated by Mn application. The results give insight into the mechanisms underlying augmented sugarcane resistance to orange rust under supplementary foliar Mn spray and contribute to the development of sustainable crop production systems by offering alternatives for reduction of disease damage.
Red‐light stimulation of boar semen prior to artificial insemination improves field fertility in farms: A worldwide survey
Authors: Blanco Prieto Olga , Catalán Jaime , Lleonart Marcel , Bonet Sergi , Yeste Marc , Rodríguez‐Gil Joan E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA survey of in vivo fertility data from 31 pig farms distributed worldwide was conducted to determine whether stimulating boar semen with LED‐based red light increases its reproductive performance following artificial insemination (AI). Red‐light stimulation with MaXipig® was found to increase farrowing rates (mean ± SEM, control: 87.2% ± 0.4% vs. light stimulation 90.3% ± 0.5%) and the number of both total and live newborn piglets. Red‐light stimulation increased farrowing rates in 27 farms, with an increase ranging from 0.2% to 9.1%. Similar results were observed in litter sizes. Suboptimal management after AI was suggested in those farms with no response to red‐light stimulation. Our results indicate that a routine use of red‐light stimulation of boar semen can have a positive effect on the reproductive performance. However, the effectiveness of this system appears to highly rely upon proper management of pig farms.
Genomes of the wild beets Beta patula and Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima
Authors: Rodríguez del Río Álvaro , Minoche André E. , Zwickl Nikolaus F. , Friedrich Anja , Liedtke Susan , Schmidt Thomas , Himmelbauer Heinz , Dohm Juliane C. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWe present draft genome assemblies of Beta patula, a critically endangered wild beet endemic to the Madeira archipelago, and of the closely related Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima (sea beet). Evidence‐based reference gene sets for B. patula and sea beet were generated, consisting of 25 127 and 27 662 genes, respectively. The genomes and gene sets of the two wild beets were compared with their cultivated sister taxon B. vulgaris ssp. vulgaris (sugar beet). Large syntenic regions were identified, and a display tool for automatic genome‐wide synteny image generation was developed. Phylogenetic analysis based on 9861 genes showing 1:1:1 orthology supported the close relationship of B. patula to sea beet and sugar beet. A comparative analysis of the Rz2 locus, responsible for rhizomania resistance, suggested that the sequenced B. patula accession was rhizomania susceptible. Reference karyotypes for the two wild beets were established, and genomic rearrangements were detected. We consider our data as highly valuable and comprehensive resources for wild beet studies, B. patula conservation management, and sugar beet breeding research.