bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language contact and functional expansion in Tetun Dili: The evolution of a new press register
Authors: Williams-van Klinken Catharina , Hajek John 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTetun Dili, an Austronesian language spoken in East Timor, was until 1999 primarily an oral language of intercultural communication. Since the 1999 vote on independence from Indonesia, Tetun Dili has become the dominant language of public life, including the government, education and the media, as well as becoming an official language alongside Portuguese, a former colonial language. The rapidly evolving press register of Tetun shows significant impact from language contact. Portuguese influence is seen primarily in extensive lexical borrowing, brought in by the Portuguese-educated elite as well as by translators and writers. Indonesian influence is seen in several calques for expressing anaphora, brought in by Indonesian-educated writers, and an adversative passive. Other new constructions, including a more general passive and final quote margins, have come about through the combined influence of Portuguese, Indonesian and English, the last as a source language for much literal translation into Tetun. Some discourse features of press Tetun, such as high information density and events being told out of chronological order, are the results of international journalistic style. While a rapid evolution of new written registers is not uncommon, the East Timor situation is unique in its combination of contact languages, and the significant number of grammatical innovations.
The future and promise of flat optics: a personal perspective
Authors: Capasso Federico 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces enable the redesign of optical components into thin, planar and multifunctional elements, promising a major reduction in footprint and system complexity as well as the introduction of new optical functions. The planarity of flat optics will lead to the unification of semiconductor manufacturing and lens-making, where the planar technology to manufacture computer chips will be adapted to make CMOS-compatible metasurface-based optical components, ranging from metalenses to novel polarization optics, areas where I foresee the greatest technological and scientific impact.
Zur Beschreibung des Alkinoos-Palasts (Od. 7,84‒132)
Authors: Xian Ruobing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe paper treats the description of the palace of Alcinous (Od. 7,84–132), with two goals. Firstly, the use of the present tense (103–131) in the description, which has been found problematic by critics since Friedländer (1851), is elucidated by drawing on the evidence of the scholia and on Rijksbaron’s narratological interpretation. Secondly, I argue that the entire description is of importance for the narrative structure of the epic in that it exhibits complex points of contact with other passages of the epic and thus has a thematic function, which corresponds to the threefold division of the description: the feast in the palace (84‒102), the activities of the maids (103‒111) and the fruitfulness of the garden (112‒132). The whole description of the palace, with its thematic connections, invites the recipient to understand the epic in its ‘spatial form’.
Rethinking the Relationship Between Public Regulation and Private Litigation: Evidence from Securities Class Action in China
Authors: Huang Robin Hui 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
China has a civil procedure for collective litigation, which is dubbed Chinese-style class action, as it differs from the U.S.-style class action in some important ways. Using securities class action as a case study, this Article empirically examines both the quantity and quality of reported cases in China. It shows that the number of cases is much lower than expected, but the percentage of recovery is significantly higher than that in the United States. Based on this, the Article casts doubt on the popular belief that China should adopt the U.S.-style class action, and sheds light on the much-debated issue concerning the relationship between public and private enforcement of securities law. The Article also discusses the future prospects of securities class action in China in light of some recent developments which may provide its functional equivalents, including the regulator-brokered compensation fund and public interest group litigation.
Prefrontal θ-Burst Stimulation Disrupts the Organizing Influence of Active Short-Term Retrieval on Episodic Memory
Authors: Marin Bianca M. , VanHaerents Stephen A. , Voss Joel L. , Bridge Donna J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is thought to organize items in working memory and this organizational role may also influence long-term memory. To causally test this hypothesized role of DLPFC in long-term memory formation, we used θ-burst noninvasive stimulation (TBS) to modulate DLPFC involvement in a memory task that assessed the influence of active short-term retrieval on later memory. Human subjects viewed three objects on a grid and then either actively retrieved or passively restudied one object’s location after a brief delay. Long-term memory for the other objects was assessed after a delay to evaluate the beneficial role of active short-term retrieval on subsequent memory for the entire set of object locations. We found that DLPFC TBS had no significant effects on short-term memory. In contrast, DLPFC TBS impaired long-term memory selectively in the active-retrieval condition but not in the passive-restudy condition. These findings are consistent with the hypothesized contribution of DLPFC to the organizational processes operative during active short-term retrieval that influence long-term memory, although other regions that were not stimulated could provide similar contributions. Notably, active-retrieval and passive-restudy conditions were intermixed, and therefore nonspecific influences of stimulation were well controlled. These results suggest that DLPFC is causally involved in organizing event information during active retrieval to support coherent long-term memory formation.
Enfraquecimento do /S/ em coda silábica em dados do sul do Amazonas (Brasil)
Authors: Galvão Maia Edson 
Published: February 2018

Estudos variacionistas apontam que o fonema /S/ em contexto de coda silábica apresenta grande variação no português brasileiro. A variante alveolar tem ocupado posição de destaque na maioria das regiões do país, ao lado da variante alveopalatal, também bastante difundida. Porém, registram-se ainda o enfraquecimento da consoante, que passa a se realizar como glotal, e até mesmo o apagamento da coda. Tais variantes são geralmente atribuídas à fala de pessoas com pouca instrução, de classes baixas ou de regiões menos desenvolvidas. Em pesquisa dialetológica realizada em três municípios do sul do Amazonas – Boca do Acre, Lábrea e Tapauá – observou-se a variante glotal em mais de 12% dos dados coletados, porém notou-se que o enfraquecimento se dá em determinados contextos, principalmente anterior a uma consoante lateral, nasal ou africada (desligar [deɦliˈɡah], mesmo [ˈmeɦmʊ] e leste [ˈlɛhtʃ]). Essa pesquisa considerou as respostas ao Questionário Fonético-fonológico que tratam exclusivamente do fonema /S/ em coda silábica. Foram investigados 18 informantes de ambos os sexos e de três faixas etárias diferentes. Quanto ao enfraquecimento do fonema pesquisado, notou-se que está relacionado aos estudos da sonoridade. Observou-se que quanto mais sonoro o segmento seguinte mais enfraquecido se torna o fonema em estudo, tendendo à realização glotal e quanto menos sonoro o segmento seguinte mais aparente o fonema em estudo, privilegiando, para este caso, a variante alveopalatal. Com exceção da localidade, as variáveis sociais consideradas mostraram-se irrelevantes para a investigação deste fenômeno. Todavia, é notória a relevância da variável linguística contexto subsequente para a realização do /S/ em coda silábica nas localidades investigadas.
English language learning through a Facebook group: activities for developing oral skills
Authors: Barbosa Cláudia 
Published: February 2018

Social Networking Sites (SNSs), though not initially designed for educational purposes, have long had a presence in educational contexts. In particular, the potential of Facebook (FB) and its Closed Group feature as a tool for language learning has been analyzed by several studies, although most seem to limit their scope to the use of Facebook for developing reading and writing skills. This paper attempts to investigate potential complementary activities that can be performed in connection with a Facebook Closed Group, using freely accessible tools, to assist with the development of oral skills in an English learning setting at the primary school level. Selected tools have been assessed, tested, and integrated into a Facebook closed group, in the scope of the topic “English-speaking countries”.
Learning English in the elderly: an analysis of motivational factors and language learning strategies
Authors: Garcia Vítor Romário Monticelli 
Published: February 2018

This study investigates motivational factors and language learning strategies involved in the process of learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in the elderly. The taxonomy of strategies developed by Oxford (1990) is adopted, as well as discussions on motivation in language learning. Twenty-five (25) elderly students participated in this research. Three instruments were administered for data collection, (i) a placement test; (ii) a background questionnaire; (iii) and a translated version of the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), proposed by Oxford (1990). Results identified 11 strategies used more frequently, most of them metacognitive strategies. Results also show that learning English, travelling, and socializing are motivational factors in this group. This paper may contribute to researchers and to English teachers and elderly students by shedding some light on features of EFL learning in the elderly regarding language strategies and motivational aspects.
Iranian EFL teachers' beliefs about how to Teach English Grammar
Authors: Janfeshan Kamran - 
Published: February 2018

The main purpose of this study is to investigate Iranian English teachers' beliefs about how to teach English grammar. For this purpose,forty-three teachers, eighteen females and twenty-five maleteachers from Kermanshah, Iran, participated in this study. To gather data in the studies about teacher beliefs, MacDonald Badger & White, (2001) questionnaire was used (TBQ). The questionnaire used for this study contained close-ended sections that required teachers to respond to statements on a five point Likert scale- as well as open-ended questions that invited teachers to describe or comment on the issue in details. Findingsof the study indicated the extent to whichsome of these teachers’ beliefs became an influential factor in their teaching and actually their stated pedagogical decisions. Consistent with the findings from previous research studies, this study indicates that teachers do possess a vast array of complex beliefs about pedagogical issues (e.g. importance of grammar) including beliefs about students (e.g. their ability to understandgrammar) and classroom practices (i.e. approaches to grammar teaching). It was clear from the teachers’ responses to thequestionnairethat their pedagogic beliefs represented an interconnected system in which some beliefs were central. These core beliefs were seen to influence other lessstrongly held beliefs. One strong core belief that almost all teachers shared was that grammar instruction was not only necessary but it should form a substantial part of the curriculum. Grammar was regarded by the teachers as a declarative set of facts to be learnt. Moreover, grammar instruction was seen to entail the explanation of grammar rules.
Português como língua de acolhimento na Lomba do Pinheiro: relatos de práticas pedagógicas
Authors: Andrighetti Graziela Hoerbe , Perna Cristina Becker Lopes , Porto Martha Machado 
Published: February 2018

The current international migratory flows bring a new reality to many Brazilian cities and point to the need for actions that allow the integration of the migratory population in our society. Understanding the offer of courses aimed at teaching the Portuguese language as an instrument of reception policy for immigrants and refugees, and aware of the demands for specific didactic materials aimed at teaching Portuguese as an Additional Language (hereinafter PAL) that meet this new reality in Brazil, we share in this article our classroom experiences with the teaching of Portuguese to a group of 30 Haitians, seeking to contribute to reflections about the teaching of Portuguese in this specific context. To do so, we describe the decisions taken along the course regarding the classes and didactic materials used, taking into account the profile of the students and the context in which they were inserted. Based on our reports, we hope to collaborate with teachers who are involved in the teaching of Portuguese for Immigrants and Refugeesin Brazilian contexts in which the migratory flow is a reality.
A Curative-Intent Trimodality Approach for Isolated Abdominal Nodal Metastases in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Update of a Single-Institutional Experience
Authors: Johnson Benny , Jin Zhaohui , Haddock Michael G. , Hallemeier Christopher L. , Martenson James A. , Smoot Rory L. , Larson David W. , Dozois Eric J. , Nagorney David M. , Grothey Axel 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to define survival rates in patients with isolated advanced abdominal nodal metastases secondary to colorectal cancer (CRC), treated with curative-intent trimodality therapy.

Materials and Methods
Sixty-five patients received trimodality therapy, defined as chemotherapy delivered with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by lymphadenectomy and intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). Infusional 5-fluorouracil was the most common radiosensitizer used (63%, 41 patients). The median dose of EBRT was 50 Gy, and the median dose of IORT was 12.5 Gy. We evaluated time to distant metastasis, toxicities, local failure within the EBRT field, recurrence within the IORT field, and survival.

Results
Fifty-two percent of patients were male; patients’ median age was 50.5 years. All patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≤1. Twenty-nine patients had right-sided colon cancer, 22 had left-sided colon cancer, and 14 had rectal primaries. The median time from initial CRC diagnosis to development of abdominal nodal metastatic disease was 20.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.2–40.8 months). Seventy-eight percent (51 patients) had para-aortic nodal metastases, 15% (10 patients) had mesenteric nodal metastases, and 6% (4 patients) had both. With a median follow-up of 77.6 months, the median overall survival and 5-year estimated survival rate were 55.4 months (95% CI, 47.2–80.9 months) and 45%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 19.3 months (95% CI, 16.5–32.8 months). Twenty-six (40%) patients never developed distant disease. The outcome was not affected by disease sidedness or rectal primary. Treatment was well tolerated without grade 3 or 4 toxicities.

Conclusion
Trimodality therapy produces sustainable long-term survival in selected patients with metastatic CRC presenting with isolated retroperitoneal or mesenteric nodal relapse.

Implications for Practice
This article reports a unique trimodality approach incorporating external beam radiotherapy with radiosensitizing chemotherapy, surgical resection, and intraoperative radiotherapy provides durable survival benefit with significant curative potential for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who present with isolated abdominal nodal (mesenteric and/or retroperitoneal) recurrence.
Renal Interstitial Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Cells Support Proximal Tubular Regeneration
Authors: Schiessl Ina Maria , Grill Alexandra , Fremter Katharina , Steppan Dominik , Hellmuth Maj-Kristina , Castrop Hayo 
Published: February 2018

Background
The kidney is considered to be a structurally stable organ with limited baseline cellular turnover. Nevertheless, single cells must be constantly replaced to conserve the functional integrity of the organ. PDGF chain B (PDGF-BB) signaling through fibroblast PDGF receptor-β (PDGFRβ) contributes to interstitial-epithelial cell communication and facilitates regenerative functions in several organs. However, the potential role of interstitial cells in renal tubular regeneration has not been examined.

Methods
In mice with fluorescent protein expression in renal tubular cells and PDGFRβ-positive interstitial cells, we ablated single tubular cells by high laser exposure. We then used serial intravital multiphoton microscopy with subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction and ex vivo histology to evaluate the cellular and molecular processes involved in tubular regeneration.

Results
Single-tubular cell ablation caused the migration and division of dedifferentiated tubular epithelial cells that preceded tubular regeneration. Moreover, tubular cell ablation caused immediate calcium responses in adjacent PDGFRβ-positive interstitial cells and the rapid migration thereof toward the injury. These PDGFRβ-positive cells enclosed the injured epithelium before the onset of tubular cell dedifferentiation, and the later withdrawal of these PDGFRβ-positive cells correlated with signs of tubular cell redifferentiation. Intraperitoneal administration of trapidil to block PDGFRβ impeded PDGFRβ-positive cell migration to the tubular injury site and compromised the recovery of tubular function.

Conclusions
Ablated tubular cells are exclusively replaced by resident tubular cell proliferation in a process dependent on PDGFRβ-mediated communication between the renal interstitium and the tubular system.
Equity-Minded Faculty Development: An Intersectional Identity-Conscious Community of Practice Model for Faculty Learning
Authors: Costino Kimberly 
Published: February 2018

Equity-minded institutional transformation requires robust faculty learning. Research has shown that the single most important factor in student success is faculty interaction. Positive, supportive, and empowering faculty interaction is particularly important to the success of female students, poor and working class students, and students of color, but most faculty are not prepared to offer the kind of support that has been shown to be most effective for marginalized students. If institutions are serious about equity and about transformation, then they are obligated to provide professional development that will support the learning necessary for faculty to fulfill these important roles and to support faculty financially or by buying their time to participate in it. An effective way to do this is to align such professional development with the urgent needs of the campus and their related campus-wide initiatives. This article describes a community of practice model of identity-conscious professional development that engages faculty in a scholarly approach to the science of learning and evidence-based teaching and curriculum development while at the same time insistently and consistently incorporating critical reflection on and exploration of how systems of power and oppression impact learning. We believe this faculty engagement is key to transforming our institution into a more equitable and inclusive learning environment for students and faculty alike.
YABANCI PORTFÖY YATIRIMLARI, BORSA VE MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLER ARASI İLİŞKİLERİN VAR YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Şenol Zekai , Koç Selahattin 
Published: February 2018

Gelişmekte olan
ekonomiler için yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının çok önemli olduğu bilinen bir
konudur. Ülkelere sağlanan sermaye akımlarının ülkelerin kalkınması, cari
açıklarının azalması, yatırımlarının artırılması ve buna bağlı olarak
istihdamlarının azaltılması gibi konularda pozitif katkılarının olduğu
görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yabancı portföy yatırımı girişi ile borsa
ve makro ekonomik faktörler arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilmesidir. Bu
çalışmada, 2006:Q1 – 2016:Q4 yıllarını kapsayan çeyrek dönemlik veriler ile Otoregresif model (VAR) kullanılmıştır. Bu
çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yabancı portföy yatırımlarından (DYPYG);
Borsa İstanbul (DBIST), faiz oranı (DFAIZ) ve döviz kuruna (DKUR) doğru tepkiler
görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan döviz kurundan da (DKUR) yabancı portföy yatırımlarına
(DYPYG) yönelik tepkinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Varyans ayrıştırmasında
ise, yabancı portföy yatırımlarında meydana gelen değişimlerin döviz kuru,
borsa ve faiz oranı tarafından açıklandığı belirlenmiştir.
Triceps Tendon Repair
Authors: Conti Mica Megan , van Riet Roger 
Published: February 2018

Although triceps tendon ruptures can result from a traumatic incident, chronic overuse causing degenerative changes to the insertion and leading to a complete or partial rupture is more common. In our practice, we have found that anabolic steroid abuse by weightlifters is the most common predisposing factor. The initial diagnosis is often missed. A thorough clinical examination is imperative to avoid missing a partial or complete rupture. Ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging can confirm the diagnosis. Early diagnosis increases the chance of a direct repair. Operative treatment with direct repair is usually indicated for full-thickness or large partial-thickness tears. Direct repair may be possible for selected chronic tears. Triceps tendon repair is performed with the following steps.Step 1: The patient is placed in lateral decubitus.Step 2: The stump is debrided, and retraction of the tendon is evaluated.Step 3: Two crossed bone tunnels are drilled, and an anchor is placed centrally in the olecranon.Step 4: The elbow is extended, and the tendon is reduced and sutured centrally to the anchor and medially and laterally with use of the sutures from the bone tunnels.Step 5: The elbow is flexed to evaluate tension. If gapping occurs, the repair should be reinforced with extra sutures. Tension-free range of motion will guide postoperative rehabilitation.Step 6: A posterior splint is applied in the operating room with the elbow extended.Step 7: A dynamic brace is applied on the first postoperative day. Extension is free but flexion is blocked at the tension-free range; 30° of extra flexion is permitted every 2 weeks. Full flexion is always allowed after 6 weeks. Strengthening starts at 3 months.

Pitfalls of the procedure include difficulty in differentiating between tendon and scar in subacute and chronic ruptures. It may not be possible to directly repair the triceps back to bone, and a graft may be needed to reconstruct the tendon. It is important to know where the ulnar nerve is and to release it if needed. It is important not to debride past the cortical surface of the olecranon if an anchor is used because, if this is done, fixation may be insufficient. The anchor should be predrilled as the cortical bone of the tip of the olecranon is very dense.
Reruptures occur in up to 21% of cases. A functional range of motion is usually achieved with an average loss of extension of 10° and average flexion to 136°. At 1 year, one can expect a peak strength of approximately 80% of that on the uninjured side and endurance strength of 99%
1
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