bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disc of M 31
Authors: Sasaki Manami , Haberl Frank , Henze Martin , Saeedi Sara , Williams Benjamin F. , Plucinsky Paul P. , Hatzidimitriou Despina , Karampelas Antonios , Sokolovsky Kirill V. , Breitschwerdt Dieter , de Avillez Miguel A. , Filipović Miroslav D. , Galvin Timothy , Kavanagh Patrick J. , Long Knox S. 
Published: October 2018

Context. We carried out new observations of two fields in the star-forming northern ring of M 31 with XMM-Newton with each one of them consisting of two exposures of about 100 ks each. A previous XMM-Newton survey of the entire M 31 galaxy revealed extended diffuse X-ray emission in these regions.
Aims. We study the population of X-ray sources in the northern disc of M 31 by compiling a complete list of X-ray sources down to a sensitivity limit of ∼7 × 1034 erg s−1 (0.5–2.0 keV) and improve the identification of the X-ray sources. The major objective of the observing programme was the study of the hot phase of the interstellar medium (ISM) in M 31. The analysis of the diffuse emission and the study of the ISM is presented in a separate paper.
Methods. We analysed the spectral properties of all detected sources using hardness ratios and spectra if the statistics were high enough. We also checked for variability. In order to classify the sources detected in the new deep XMM-Newton observations, we cross-correlated the source list with the source catalogue of a new survey of the northern disc of M 31 carried out with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope (Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury, PHAT) as well as with other existing catalogues.
Results. We detected a total of 389 sources in the two fields of the northern disc of M 31 observed with XMM-Newton. We identified 43 foreground stars and candidates and 50 background sources. Based on a comparison with the results of the Chandra/PHAT survey, we classify 24 hard X-ray sources as new candidates for X-ray binaries. In total, we identified 34 X-ray binaries and candidates and 18 supernova remnants (SNRs) and candidates. We studied the spectral properties of the four brightest SNRs and confirmed five new X-ray SNRs. Three of the four SNRs, for which a spectral analysis was performed, show emission mainly below 2 keV, which is consistent with shocked ISM. The spectra of two of them also require an additional component with a higher temperature. The SNR [SPH11] 1535 has a harder spectrum and might suggest that there is a pulsar-wind nebula inside the SNR. For all SNRs in the observed fields, we measured the X-ray flux or calculated upper limits. We also carried out short-term and long-term variability studies of the X-ray sources and found five new sources showing clear variability. In addition, we studied the spectral properties of the transient source SWIFT J004420.1+413702, which shows significant variation in flux over a period of seven months (June 2015 to January 2016) and associated change in absorption. Based on the likely optical counterpart detected in the Chandra/PHAT survey, the source is classified as a low-mass X-ray binary.
Single site observations of TESS single transit detections
Authors: Cooke Benjamin F. , Pollacco Don , West Richard , McCormac James , Wheatley Peter J. 
Published: October 2018

Context. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has been successfully launched and has begin data acquisition. To expedite the science that may be performed with the resulting data it is necessary to gain a good understanding of planetary yields. Given the observing strategy employed by TESS the probability of detecting single transits in long period systems is increased. These systems require careful consideration.
Aims. We aim to simulate the number of TESS transit detections during its two-year mission with a particular emphasis on single transits. We also aim to determine the feasibility of ground-based follow-up observations from a single site.
Methods. A distribution of planets was simulated around the approximately four million stars in the TESS candidate target list. These planets were tested for detectable transits and characterised. Based on simulated parameters the single transit detections were further analysed to determine which are amenable to ground-based follow-up.
Results. TESS will discover an approximate lower bound of 4700 planets with around 460 being single transits. A large fraction of these will be observable from a single ground-based site. This paper finds that, in a single year, approximately 1000 transit events of around 320 unique TESS single transit detections are theoretically observable.
Conclusions. As we consider longer period exoplanets, the need for exploring single transit detections increases. For periods ≳45 days the number of single transit detections outnumber multitransits by a factor of three (82 ± 18 and 25 ± 7, respectively) a factor which only grows as longer period detections are considered. Therefore, based on this paper, it is worth expending the extra effort required to follow-up these more challenging, but potentially very rewarding, discoveries. Additionally, we conclude that a large fraction of these targets can be theoretically observed from a single ground-based site. However, further work is required to determine whether these follow-up efforts are feasible when accounting for target specific criteria.
Does the severity of pain correlate with severity of functional disability? Factors influencing ‘patient reported outcome measures’ in spinal patients
Authors: MacCormick Andrew P. , Sharma Himanshu 
Published: October 2018

Aims: To assess correlation between the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and which patient factors can influence patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This study also aims to assess the response to the sexual function question of the ODI.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of 200 consecutive patients undergoing a range of different lumbar spinal procedures between July 2012 and September 2015 was performed. Subgroup analysis was also performed on the 122 patients who underwent microdiscectomy and/or decompression procedures only. Data from notes and clinical letters from the patient's first clinic appointment were collected. In addition to these outcome measures, data were also extracted regarding patients' gender, age, smoking status, alcohol use, employment and mental health status.
Results: Significant correlation was found between VAS pain score and ODI (p = 0.002) and between VAS pain score and question 1 of ODI (p = 0.0001). A lower ODI score was reported at time of surgery by those in employment compared to those who are unemployed (p = 0.008). In addition to this, a lower ODI score was reported in those who are self-employed compared to those in employment (p = 0.048) in both cohorts. A significantly higher mean ODI score was shown within the subgroup analysis for current smokers (p = 0.02). None of the other patient factors that were analysed were found to affect PROMs. 65% of patients answered the sexual function question of the ODI.
Conclusions: Significant correlation was demonstrated between VAS pain score and ODI. Those who are in employment are far more likely to report a lower ODI score than those who are unemployed at the time of surgery. Self-employed patients were found to have reported a significantly lower ODI score than those who are in employment. Smoking cessation should be encouraged as those who are current smokers may be more likely to report a higher ODI. As 65% of patients decided to answer the sexual function question of the ODI, this supports its further use.
Entwicklung und Stand der personalisierten Medizin in Deutschland
Authors: Stefan Kohler 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungMedizinische Behandlung und Krankheitsprävention wirken nicht bei allen Menschen in der gleichen Weise. Personalisierte Medizin (PM) ist bestrebt, therapierelevante Unterschiede zwischen Menschen zu berücksichtigen, um beispielsweise die Wirkung von Medikamenten zu verbessern und Nebenwirkungen zu verringern. In Deutschland hat sich die Anzahl der zugelassenen medizinischen Wirkstoffe, bei denen vor Anwendung ein Test auf einen therapierelevanten Biomarker verpflichtend oder empfohlen ist, in den letzten 5 Jahren verdoppelt. Die Anwendungen von Arzneimitteln mit einem diagnostischen Begleittest werden oftmals im engeren Sinne als PM bezeichnet und liegen überwiegend im Bereich der Krebstherapie.
Schlaganfallpatienten nach stationärer neurologischer Rehabilitation
Authors: Gräßel Elmar , Schupp Wilfried , Schmidt Ralf 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Identifikation von Einflussfaktoren auf das Überleben zuhause im Langzeitverlauf bei Schlaganfall-Patienten nach stationärer neurologischer Rehabilitation.
Methodik Prospektive Kohortenstudie mit 204 Schlaganfall-Patienten, die innerhalb eines Jahres in der Fachklinik Herzogenaurach in der neurologischen Rehabilitation (Phase C und B) behandelt wurden. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte stationär und umfasste Sozial- und klinische Daten. Die Zielvariable wurde bis 5 Jahre nach Entlassung erhoben. Gruppenunterschiede wurden mit Hilfe des t-Tests oder des Chi²-Tests analysiert. Für die multivariate Ermittlung von Prädiktoren wurden binär logistische Regressionsanalysen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Es resultiert ein Vorhersagemodell aus 5 Variablen für den Verbleib von Schlaganfall-Patienten in der häuslich-ambulanten Versorgung 2,5 Jahre nach Entlassung (vs. Institutionalisierung und Tod): Größerer Zugewinn an gesundheitlicher Lebensqualität während der stationären Rehabilitation und bessere Lebensqualität bei Entlassung, größerer Zugewinn an funktioneller Selbständigkeit während der stationären Rehabilitation, höherer Body-Mass-Index und weniger mortalitätsrelevante Komorbiditäten. 5 Jahre nach Entlassung ergibt sich ein Vorhersagemodell aus 3 Variablen: Niedriges Lebensalter, weniger mortalitätsrelevante Komorbiditäten und ein geringeres Sturzrisiko bei Entlassung aus der neurologischen Rehabilitation.
Schlussfolgerung Während bis 2,5 Jahre nach Entlassung das Ausmaß der funktionellen Verbesserung und der Verbesserung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität, die beide mit dem Therapieerfolg in Zusammenhang stehen, prognostisch günstige Faktoren für das Überleben zuhause sind, sind 5 Jahre nach Entlassung biologische Faktoren, wie Alter und Komorbiditäten, prognostisch dominierend.
Antidiabetic Potentials of Citrus aurantifolia Leaf Essential Oil
Authors: Ibrahim Fatima , Usman Lamidi , Akolade Jubril , Idowu Oluwafemi , Abdulazeez Azeemat , Amuzat Aliyu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Citrus aurantifolia leaf essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, chemical composition of the oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and its antidiabetic potentials was assessed in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic rats using metformin as the reference drug for comparison. Chemical analysis showed that D-limonene (57.84%) was the major constituent of the oil. Other notable compounds identified were neral (7.81%), linalool (4.75%), sulcatone (3.48%) and isogeraniol (3.48%). Intraperitoneal administration of C. aurantifolia oil (100 mg/Kg b.wt.) to hyperglycaemic rats for 14 days caused significant reduction in fasting blood and hepatic glucose, whereas hepatic concentration of glycogen was significantly increased. Also, improvement in dyslipidaemia was observed in C. aurantifolia essential oil-treated hyperglycaemic rats; serum concentration of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly reduced and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was increased, resulting in decreased predisposition of rats to cardiac risks. Antihyperglycaemic potential of administration of the oil was lower but compared favourably with the oral antihyperglycaemic agent used as reference antidiabetic drug. Overall, data from this study showed that essential oil from the leaf of C. aurantifolia grown in North-Central Nigeria is a D-limonene chemotype. The oil showed considerable glucose lowering effect as well as the potential to ameliorate hyperglycaemia-induced dyslipidaemic complications in alloxanized rats.
Resection of a Petroclival Meningioma via the Endoscope-Assisted Retrosigmoid Approach: 2-D Operative Video
Authors: Lieber Stefan , Evangelista-Zamora Rocio , Ebner Florian , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe present a case of a petroclival meningioma that was resected through an endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid approach via corridors above and below the facial-vestibulocochlear nerve complex. The patient is a 61-year-old female with complaints of left-sided hypesthesia and neuralgia of the infraorbital and zygomatic region, intermittent periorbital myokymia, and a slight facial palsy (HB II). This 2D video demonstrates the operative technique, anatomical and surgical nuances of the skull base approach and microdissection of the tumor from the critical neurovascular structures. A gross total resection was achieved. The patient’s facial and trigeminal symptoms resolved completely within a few weeks. At 2 year follow up there was no indication of residual or recurrence.In summary, the retrosigmoid approach with endoscopic assistance is an important and powerful tool in the armamentarium for the microsurgical management of meningiomas of the lateroventral skullbase of the posterior fossa.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/Px4XIRDoALc.
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse: The Effects on Thrombosis Risk, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Münster Anna-Marie , Gram Jørgen , Sidelmann Johannes , Chang Simon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse surged during the 1980s and is seen in approximately 1 in 20 of all males today. A wide spectrum of AAS compounds and abuse regimens are applied and AAS abuse has been associated with an unfavorable cardiovascular profile. The aim of this review is to critique the collected data concerning effects of AAS abuse on thrombosis risk through presentation of condensed evidence from studies investigating AAS-induced changes in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and cardiovascular risk markers. AAS abuse inflicts a procoagulant distribution of cardiovascular risk markers including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis proneness. AAS abuse overall stimulates synthesis of coagulation factors, inhibitors, and fibrinolytic proteins resulting in both increased global coagulation and stimulation of fibrinolysis. Overall, supported by many case reports and some epidemiological studies, AAS abuse is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. However, to provide clear evidence for a causal relationship between AAS abuse and thrombosis risk, future studies need to address a range of potential biases, insufficient methodology, and other shortcomings of the current literature as highlighted in this review.
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF): A Review
Authors: Gupta Ram , Gupta Manu , Garg Avnika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn order for periodontal regeneration to occur, progenitor cells must migrate to the denuded root surface, attach to it, proliferate and mature into an organized and functional fibrous attachment apparatus. Significant advances have been made during the last decade in understanding the factors controlling the migration, attachment and proliferation of cells. A group of naturally occurring molecules known as polypeptide growth factors in conjunction with certain matrix proteins, are key regulators of these biological events. Of these, the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) appear to have an important role in periodontal wound healing. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information on these growth factors with emphasis on their potential implications in periodontal wound healing and regeneration.
Activity Pattern Analysis Indicates Increased but Balanced Systemic Coagulation Activity in Response to Surgical Trauma
Authors: Friedrich Max , Schmolders Jan , Rommelspacher Yorck , Strauss Andreas , Rühl Heiko , Mayer Günter , Oldenburg Johannes , Wirtz Dieter , Müller Jens , Pötzsch Bernd 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the nonbleeding patient, constant low-level activation of coagulation enables a quick procoagulant response upon an injury. Conversely, local activation of coagulation might influence the systemic activity level of coagulation. To characterize this interaction in more detail, activity pattern analysis was performed in patients undergoing elective surgeries. Blood samples were taken before, during, and 24 hours after surgery from 35 patients undergoing elective minor (n = 18) and major (n = 17) orthopaedic surgeries. Plasma levels of thrombin and activated protein C (APC) were measured using oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assays, while those of prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin–antithrombin-complexes, and D-dimer were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In vitro thrombin generation kinetics were recorded using calibrated automated thrombography. Results showed that median plasma levels of up to 20 pM thrombin and of up to 12 pM APC were reached during surgery. D-dimer levels started to increase at the end of surgery and remained increased 24 hours after surgery, while all other parameters returned to baseline. Peak levels showed no significant differences between minor and major surgeries and were not influenced by the activity state at baseline. In vitro thrombin generation kinetics remained unchanged during surgery. In summary, simultaneous monitoring of the procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways of coagulation demonstrates that surgical trauma is associated with increased systemic activities of both pathways. Activity pattern analysis might be helpful to identify patients at an increased risk for thrombosis due to an imbalance between surgery-related thrombin formation and the subsequent anticoagulant response.
Diazocarbonyl derivatives of amino acids: unique chiral building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active compounds
Authors: Zarezin Danil P. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. 
Published: October 2018

This review deals with applications of chiral α-amino diazoketones, α-amino acid derivatives, in the synthesis of various biologically active compounds. General approaches to the synthesis of chiral α-amino diazoketones, including the Arndt – Eistert reaction, acylation of trimethylsilyldiazomethanes, etc., are discussed. Due to the presence of three functional groups, these building blocks can be used to produce a wide range of organic compounds with potential physiological activity, ranging from various heterocyclic compounds to peptidomimetics. Methods for the synthesis of β-amino acid-containing peptides and depsipeptides, amino acid derivatives and heterocyclic compounds with three- to seven-membered rings are considered.
The bibliography includes 226 references.
Natural molecules induce and synergize to boost expression of the human antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-3
Authors: Sechet Emmanuel , Telford Erica , Bonamy Clément , Sansonetti Philippe J. , Sperandio Brice 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Defensins are antimicrobial peptides exhibiting antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. They are expressed by epithelial cells at the intestinal mucosal surface where they play a crucial role in the host intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, approaches aiming to boost their expression represent a promising therapeutic strategy to treat infections and dysbiosis-driven diseases in humans at a time of increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance.
Unique size-dependent nanocatalysis revealed at the single atomically precise gold cluster level
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Song Ping , Chen Tiankai , Liu Xiaodong , Chen Tao , Wu Zhemin , Wang Yong , Xie Jianping , Xu Weilin 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Here, by real-time monitoring with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy the size-dependent catalytic process of individual Au clusters at single-turnover resolution, we study the size-dependent catalytic behaviors of gold (Au) clusters at the single-cluster level, and then observe the strong unique size effect on the catalytic properties of individual Au clusters, in both catalytic product formation and dissociation processes. Such a unique size effect on the nanocatalysis could be attributed intrinsically to the size-dependent electronic structure of Au clusters, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the catalytic mechanism of Au particles.
HEIP1 regulates crossover formation during meiosis in rice
Authors: Li Yafei , Qin Baoxiang , Shen Yi , Zhang Fanfan , Liu Changzhen , You Hanli , Du Guijie , Tang Ding , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Crossovers (COs) ensure the accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Failure to create the right number of crossovers may lead to unequal distribution of genetic materials to daughter cells and sterility. CO proteins, which specially localize to crossover sites during meiosis, play critical roles in CO formation. Here, we identify a CO protein in rice, named HEI10 Interaction Protein 1 (HEIP1), which is conserved in higher plants. Our results reveal its possible molecular mechanism for CO control in meiosis.
Adult spinal motoneurons change their neurotransmitter phenotype to control locomotion
Authors: Bertuzzi Maria , Chang Weipang , Ampatzis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2018

Significance
An intriguing feature of the nervous system is its plasticity—the remarkable lifelong capacity to change and adapt in light of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Among the many different adaptive mechanisms that occur within the nervous system, changes in neurotransmission form an important plasticity-bestowing mechanism in the reconfiguration of neuronal circuits. Here, we reveal that physical activity and spinal cord injury can switch the neurotransmitter phenotype of the fast axial motoneurons to coexpress glutamate. Furthermore, our study shows that the adult vertebrate spinal motoneurons corelease glutamate alongside ACh in neuromuscular junctions to regulate motor behaviors. Thus, our findings suggest that fast motoneuron glutamatergic respecification enables a motor function-enhancing mechanism in vertebrates.
FtsZ filaments have the opposite kinetic polarity of microtubules
Authors: Du Shishen , Pichoff Sebastien , Kruse Karsten , Lutkenhaus Joe 
Published: October 2018

Significance
FtsZ is the founding member of the prokaryotic tubulin family. It assembles into single-stranded filaments that coalesce to form the Z ring that drives bacterial cell division in most bacteria. FtsZ filaments undergo cooperative assembly and display treadmilling behavior. Here we investigate the kinetic polarity of FtsZ filaments by studying the toxicity of longitudinal interface mutants of FtsZ and find that bottom-face mutants are extremely toxic. This toxicity combined with a conformational switch induced during assembly reveals the kinetic polarity of FtsZ filaments, the basis for cooperative assembly, and explains the basis for other inhibitors of FtsZ assembly. It is likely that all members of the FtsZ/tubulin superfamily employ an assembly-induced conformational switch to generate kinetic polarity, which could be revealed by the same approach used here.