bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Conductance as a Tracer of Preferential Flow in a Subsurface‐Drained Field
Authors: Smith Erik A. , Capel Paul D. 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
An agricultural subsurface drain was used to quantify preferential flow paths.
High‐frequency specific conductance was a tracer of water movement through the soil.
Preferential flow contributed up to 75% of the water in the subsurface drain.
Most preferential flow events were probably through macropores or surface cracks.
Specific conductance (SC), soil volumetric water content (VWC), and discharge were monitored on a subsurface agricultural drain for a 2‐yr period (2007–2008) to differentiate preferential flow paths from matrix flow paths. A major observation from the 2‐yr period was the fast SC decrease after relatively small rainfall events, often <5 mm. A total of 25 paired rainfall–SC events were classified, with an average preferential flow onset time (from the event start) after 1.7 h and maximum preferential flow after 2.4 h. A specific conductance end‐member mixing analysis (SC‐EMMA) was used to determine the volume of water that infiltrated through preferential flow pathways. The SC‐EMMA was used for 20 of the 25 paired rainfall–SC events; of the 20 classified events, the maximum preferential flow ranged from 11 to 75% of the total subsurface drain flow, with a mean maximum preferential flow of 31%. Overall, SC‐EMMA illustrated that a significant portion of the subsurface drain discharge can be attributed to preferential flow, mainly through macropores or other largely open preferential flow pathways. The other primary mechanism, antecedent moisture conditions shifts, could only be shown for four of the 25 classified events. Specific conductance as a tracer of preferential flow was shown to be an effective tool for distinguishing preferential flow to subsurface drains. Even during relatively dry periods, the SC had a substantial decrease shortly after a rainfall event contrary to the conventional idea that macropore flow starts only after all the smaller pores are saturated and surface ponding begins to occur.
A DPCA-based online fault indicator for gear faults using three-direction vibration signals
Authors: Jiang Liying , Cui Jianguo , Wang Jinglin 
Published: May 2018

For online monitoring and identifying gear faults, a new fault indicator is proposed based on a multivariate statistical technique, dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA), under variable load conditions. In this method, a tri-axial vibration sensor is used to acquire the 3-direction vibration signals of gear in the gear box because it can pick up more abundant fault information than a single axis sensor does. By monitoring the value of the fault indicator, the running state of the gear (normal condition or faults) can be directly identified according to the set thresholds without using any other fault classification methods. To verify the effectiveness, the proposed method is applied on the QPZZ-II rotating machinery fault simulation rig in which the root crack and the tooth broken faults are introduced into the gearbox’s driving gear. Experimental results show that the fault indicator not only can effectively reveal the health state of the gear, but also is without being influenced by the load fluctuation. And, the accuracy rate of fault diagnosis is over 96 %.
Semi-seasonal groundwater forecast using multiple data-driven models in an irrigated cropland
Authors: Amaranto Alessandro , Munoz-Arriola Francisco , Corzo Gerald , Solomatine Dimitri P. , Meyer George 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In agricultural areas where groundwater is the main water supply for irrigation, forecasts of the water table are key to optimal water management. However, water management can be constrained by semiseasonal to seasonal forecast. The objective is to create an ensemble of water table one- to five-month lead-time forecasts based on multiple data-driven models (DDMs). We hypothesize that data-driven modeling capabilities (e.g., random forests, support vector machines, artificial neural networks (ANNs), extreme learning machines, and genetic programming) will improve naïve and autoregressive simulations of groundwater tables. An input variable selection method was used to carry the maximum information in the input (precipitation, crop water demand, changes in groundwater table, snowmelt, and evapotranspiration) and output relationship for the DDMs. Five DDMs were implemented to forecast groundwater tables in an unconfined aquifer in the Northern High Plains (Nebraska, USA). Root mean squared error (RMSE) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index were used to evaluate the skill of the model and three hydrologic regimes were determined statistically as high, mid, and low groundwater table levels. Additionally, varying storage regimes were used to construct rising and falling limbs in the tested well. Results show that all models outperform the baseline for all the lead times, ANNs being the best of all.
AN IMPLEMENTATION OF STAGE-FALL-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIP ON DIGITAL COMPUTERS
Authors: WINGÅRD BO 
Published: May 2018

The stage-discharge relation is defined by the complex interaction of channel characteristics, including area, shape, slope, and roughness of the cross-section. The combination of these effects has been designated control. The control is permanent if the stage-discharge relation it defines does not change with time, otherwise it is impermanent. The latter is designated a shifting control. The stage-discharge relation for a permanent control is established by simultaneous measurements of the two parameters stage and discharge, the relation is often described mathematically by a parabolic formula.
Controls may change because of the effects of a changing channel, backwater, rapidly changing stage, variable channel storage, and the freezing and breaking of ice. Backwater is produced when the normal water slope is decreased as the result of the normal stage being increased at some point downstream. This can result from the operation of a dam, an increase in discharge in a downstream tributary, or a rise in the stream into which the gaged stream empties. The effect of backwater is determined by introducing the slope or the fall through a reach of the channel downstream from the hydrometric station as a third parameter. This is graphically incorporated into a three-dimensional stage-fall-discharge relationship.
In Norway this relation is established by using Manning's formula and simultaneous measurements of discharge, stage, and fall (Hansson n. d., Westerberg 1920). In other methods a computational conversion of the measurements to a normal fall is made (Linsley, Kohler & Paulhus 1958). These methods give a graphical representation of the stage-fall-discharge relationship. They demand much work, are cumbersome in use, and badly adapted for conversion of stage measurements to discharges on digital computers.
The following describes a method well fitted for such conversions on computers. An eventual correction of the formulae used is also possible in a simple manner.
Comparative Assay of 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models: Proliferation, Gene Expression and Anticancer Drug Response
Authors: Souza Aline G. , Silva Isaura Beatriz B. , Campos-Fernandez Esther , Barcelos Leticia S. , Souza Jessica Brito , Marangoni Karina , Goulart Luiz R. , Alonso-Goulart Vivian 
Published: May 2018

Background:
In vitro tests allow establishing experimental variables. However, in vitro results cannot
be extrapolated to in vivo tests. Considering that three-dimensional (3D) culture has been one of the best ways to
portray the in vivo system of most cell types, it is possible to carry out assays with a great clinical relevance for
the analysis of the screening, action and resistance of antitumor drugs.

Objective:
Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare between 2D and 3D cell culture forms to conclude
which is the most suitable model for preclinical in vitro drug testing.

Method:
We evaluated the proliferation, genetic expression and chemoresistance of prostate tumor cell lines, PC-
3, LNCaP and DU145. Prostate tumor cell lines PC-3, LNCaP and DU145 were treated with the antineoplastic
drugs paclitaxel and docetaxel and evaluated with cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and gene expression assays in
2D and magnetic 3D bioprinting cultures.

Results:
Lower cell proliferation rate, more resistance to paclitaxel and docetaxel and altered gene expression
profile was shown in 3D cell culture comparing with its 2D counterpart.

Conclusion:
3D cell culture exhibited a more similar behavior to in vivo systems, being a promising and more
reliable tool for the development of new drugs.
Dual Acting Isatin-heterocyclic Hybrids: Recent Highlights as Promising Pharmacological Agents
Authors: Maddela Srinubabu , Mathew Githa Elizabeth , Parambi Della Grace Thomas , Aljoufi Fakhria , Mathew Bijo 
Published: May 2018

Background:For the development of suitable lead molecules to different diseases is a highly challenging task for medicinal chemists. Nowadays, hybrid pharmacophore concept has developed as a useful structural modification tool in the drug design of new drug candidates for different diseases. Hybrid pharmacophore approach consists of combination of two or more pharmacophoric moieties from different biologically active compounds with complementary functions or different mechanisms of action into a single molecule. This often results in synergistic activity or enhanced drug efficacy.Objective:To develop the suitable leads for different diseases there will be a lot of scope to study the substitution of heterocyclic moieties on the different positions of isatin ring. The broad and potent activities of the isatin and their derivatives have been established them as pharmacologically significant scaffolds. In this review, an attempt has been made with specifically emphasizing the hybridization of Isatin with different derivatives of heterocyclic compounds on the different positions of the isatin ring (aryl ring, isatin nitrogen and C2/C3 carbonyl moieties).Conclusion:This review highlighted the recent advances of dual acting isatin-heterocyclic hybrids presenting various pharmacological activities viz., anticancer, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial.
QSAR and Docking Studies on Piperidyl-cyclohexylurea Derivatives for Prediction of Selective and Potent Inhibitor of Matriptase
Authors: Mirza Agha Zeeshan , Shamshad Hina 
Published: May 2018

Background: QSAR models as PLS, GFA, and 3D were developed for a series of matriptase
inhibitors using 35 piperidyl-cyclohexylurea compounds. The training and test sets were divided into a
set of 28 and 8 compounds, respectively and the pki values of each compound were used in the analysis.

Methods:
Docking and alignment methodologies were used to develop models in 3D QSAR. The best
models among all were selected on the basis of regression statistics as r2, predictive r2 and Friedman
Lack of fit measure. Hydrogen donors and rotatable bonds were found to be positively correlated properties
for this target. The models were validated and used for the prediction of new compounds. Based
on the predictions of 3D-QSAR model, 17 new compounds were prepared and their activities were predicted
and compared with the active compound. Prediction of activities was performed for these 18
compounds using consensus results of all models. ADMET was also performed for the best-chosen
compound and compared with the known active.

Results and Conclusion:
The developed model was able to validate the obtained results and can be
successfully used to predict new potential and active compounds.
Peran Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) Husnayain Terhadap Perkembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan dan Menengah
Authors: Sumardi Sumardi , Zulpahmi Zulpahmi 
Published: May 2018

This study aims to determine the role of Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) Husnayain Against the Development of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM). In the study used survey methods by taking samples from the population. The sample in this research is Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) Husnayain customer, with 65 respondents. Data processing techniques and data analysis used are validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis test, and coefficient of determination. ttabel sebesar 1,998 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,004 < 0,05, sedangkan pembiayaan murabahah berpengaruh positif terhadap perkembangan usaha mikro">Based on the results of the discussion of al-qardhul al-hasan financing has a positive effect on the development of micro, small and medium enterprises small and medium with a tcount of 2,962> ttable of 1.998 and significance of 0.004 <0.05, while murabahah financing has a positive effect on the development of micro enterprises ttabel sebesar 1,998 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,046 < 0,05, dan pembiayaan mudharabah berpengaruh positif terhadap perkembangan usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah kecil dan menengah menunjukkan thitung sebesar 4,713 > ttabel sebesar 1,998 dan signifikansi">, Small and medium-sized small and medium enterprises shows t count of 2.195> ttable of 1.998 and significance of 0.046 <0.05, and mudharabah financing has a positive effect on the development of micro, small and medium enterprises small and medium scale shows tcount of 4.713> ttable of 1.998 and significance Ftabel 3,15 dan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa al-qardhul al-hasan, murabahah dan mudharabah secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perkembangan">0.000 <0.05, simultaneously that the value of Fcount 67,809> Ftable 3.15 and the significance level of 0.000 <0.05 thus it can be said that al-qardhul al-hasan, murabaha and mudaraba together significantly influence the development micro small and Medium Enterprises.
Keywords; Financing of al-qardhul al-hasan; murabaha; mudaraba; and micro and small business (UMKM)
Äidin vanhemmuustyylin ja vanhemmuuden stressin ja vanhempien nukuttamistyylin yhteys kahdeksan kuukauden ikäisen lapsen univaikeuksiin
Authors: Häkälä Niina , Pölkki Pirjo , Hämäläinen Juha , Paunio Tiina , Kylliäinen Anneli , Saarenpää-Heikkilä Outi , Paavonen Juulia 
Published: May 2018

Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin perheympäristöä kuvaavien tekijöiden, äidin vanhemmuuden stressin, äidin vanhemmuustyylin ja vanhempien nukuttamistyylin sekä kahdeksan kuukauden ikäisen lapsen univaikeuksien välistä yhteyttä. Aineistona käytettiin Lapsen uni ja terveys-tutkimushankkeessa kerättyä kyselyaineistoa. Tutkimushankkeessa kerätään pitkittäisaineistoa vuonna 2011 ja vuonna 2012 syntyvien lasten vanhemmilta. Hanke on toteutettu Pirkanmaan sairaanhoitopiirin alueella. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytettiin aineistoa, joka oli kerätty raskausaikana (n=1667) ja lapsen ollessa kahdeksan kuukauden ikäinen (äitien n=1289 ja lasten n=1294). Analyysimenetelminä käytettiin logistista ja lineaarista regressioanalyysia. Tulosten perusteella lapsen univaikeuksiin olivat yhteydessä äidin kokema vanhemmuuden stressi, korkeampi koulutus,sekä vanhemman käyttämät aktiiviset ja passiiviset fyysiset nukuttamistyylit.
Sobre la estetización de la violencia. (Perspectivas del espacio estético en la filosofía jurídico-penal)
Authors: Calvo González José 
Published: May 2018

RESUMENEl autor se ocupa del análisis crítico de un reciente estudio sobre el marco y dimensiones estéticas de la violencia, y reflexiona en proyección a diversos temas y problemas de filosofía jurídico-penal y juridico-politicaPALABRAS CLAVEESTÉTICA-VIOLENCIA-FILOSOFIA JURIDICO-PENAL-DERECHO Y LITERATURAABSTRACTThe author analyses a recent study about framework and aesthetic dimensions of violence, and thinks in focus of topics and problemas about philosophy of criminal law and political philosophy. KEYWORDSAESTHETICS-VILENCE-LEGAL AND PENAL PHILOSOHPY-LAW AND LITERATURE
Monitoring and Determination of Proper Intervention Time, Against Coodling Moth Through the Use of Sexual Feromons
Authors: Karapanci Nikolin , Skënderasi Besnik 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the district of Korça, apple is one of the main fruit tree crops. It represents 70% of the total number of fruit trees. In recent years, this culture has taken a very wide range, with a large number of cultivars of tradition but also young people who are quite liked by the internal and external market. The new technologies that have begun to apply for apples are the most contemporary and consequently i’ts production has been growing year by year. In addition to that, in apple cultivation technology are been added also problems related to the management of pests and diseases, one of the most important and pest is the coodling moth which has caused and continues to cause considerable damage in the apple culture,causing damage to all seasonal production. Based on this fact, farmers take measures to protect against this pest, but in most cases the treatments are carried out empirically and without the proper effect against the pests. Therefore, by this experiment, some aspects of coodling moth will be studied both with the traditional (direct) method and with the contemporary method of using sexual pheromones for monitorin this pest with the aim of it’s integrated management, to increase the quantity and quality of apple production.
Discovering the Cohesion of a Volleyball Team and Finding the Right Leader of the Group
Authors: Pomohaci Marcel , Sopa Ioan Sabin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The main focus of the research was to discover the cohesion of our team and to find the leader of our volleyball group. The research sample was composed of 12 players with aged between 10 and 12 years old that play for CSM Bucharest at mini-volleyball level. The main research methods used was the sociometric survey method which aimed to find the elections and rejections in our group and to discover the hierarchy of every player in the team. The results showed that we had 8 mutual elections and 4 mutual rejections in our group, and an index of cohesion of 0.06 with a coefficient of cohesion of 0.12 that showed us that our volleyball team is cohesive and united, the group leaders were player SS (8) with a preferential status index of 0.67 and at the second position we find player EG (5) with a preferential status index of 0.25. Conclusions have shown that the research hypothesis was valid, so we can affirm that using the sociometric survey method we can determine the group cohesion and find the right leader of our group.
Could fibrinogen and hsCRP be useful for assessing personal risk in workers exposed to a mixture of ultrafine particles and organic solvents?
Authors: Voidazan Septimiu , Moldovan Horatiu , Huţanu Adina , Giurgiu Doina , Morariu Stelian , Godderis Lode , Duca Radu-Corneliu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Our study focuses on elucidating if two common inflammatory biomarkers, easily performed in any laboratory - high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), as well as fibrinogen - could be used to assess the personal health risk of workers exposed to a complex occupational exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) and a mixture of organic solvents. Methods: To assess the inflammatory response on the body, laboratory determinations were performed by testing the serum levels of hsCRP and fibrinogen, in exposed and unexposed groups. Results: There are no statistically significant differences for hsCRPs (p-0.25), medians were similar in groups. The mean values of fibrinogen in the three groups were: in the workers group (1st group): 346.2 mg/dl, in the office staff group (2nd group): 328.7 mg/dl, and in the control group (3rd group): 284.8 mg/dl, with significant differences between 1st group vs 3rd group and between 2nd group vs 3rd group (p-0.002). UFP levels differ between the groups, as follows: 1st group were exposed to the highest levels, ranging from 48349 to 3404000 part/cm3; 2nd group, ranging from 17371 to 40595 part/cm3; and 3rd group, ranging from 213 to 16255 part/cm3. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that fibrinogen is a useful inflammatory biomarker for exposure to a mixture of UFP and organic solvents. On the other hand, hsCRP is not a useful inflammatory biomarker in occupational exposure to UFP and organic solvents. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the extent to which fibrinogen is more or less influenced by organic solvents or UFP alone.
Thermal Characteristics of High Temperature Naturally Circulating Helium Cooling Loop
Authors: Dzianik František , Gužela Štefan , Puškášová Eva 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with the process properties in terms of the heat transfer, i.e. the thermal performance of the thermal-process units within a helium loop intended for the testing of the decay heat removal (DHR) from the model of the gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR). The system is characterised by a natural circulation of helium, as a coolant, and assume the steady operating conditions of the circulation. The helium loop consists of four main components: the model of the gas-cooled fast reactor, the model of the heat exchanger for the decay heat removal, hot piping branch and cold piping branch. Using the thermal calculations, the thermal performance of the heat exchanger model and the thermal performance of the gas-cooled fast reactor model are determined. The calculations have been done for several defined operating conditions which correspond to the different helium flow rates within the system.
Optimisation and Control of Vehicle Suspension Using Linear Quadratic Gaussian Control
Authors: Likaj Rame , Shala Ahmet 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with the optimal design and analysis of quarter car vehicle suspension system based on the theory of linear optimal control because Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) offers the possibility to emphasize quantifiable issues like ride comfort or road holding very easily by altering the weighting factor of a quadratic criterion. The theory used assumes that the plant (vehicle model + road unevenness model) is excited by white noise with Gaussian distribution. The term quadratic is related to a quadratic goal function. The goal function is chosen to provide the possibility to emphasize three main objectives of vehicle suspensions; ride comfort, suspension travel and road holding. Minimization of this quadratic goal function results in a law of feedback control. For optimal designs are used the optimal parameters which have been derived by comparison of two optimisation algorithms: Sequential Quadratic Program (SQP) and Genetic Algorithms (GA's), for a five chosen design parameters. LQG control is considered to control active suspension for the optimal parameters derived by GA's, while the main focus is to minimise the vertical vehicle body acceleration
Penentuan Konfigurasi Elektroda Metode Geolistrik Tahanan Jenis Paling Optimum untuk Survei Air Tanah
Authors: Afdal Afdal 
Published: May 2018

Pilihan konfigurasi elektroda yang tepat akan menentukan kualitas pencitraan bawah permukaan, termasuk dalam survei air tanah. Tipe konfigurasi, selain menentukan kualitas pencitraan, juga menentukan efektifitas dan efisiensi survei yang berhubungan nantinya dengan kebutuhan dana dan sumber daya. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan identifikasi melalui eksperimen dengan menggunakan model di laboratorium untuk memperoleh informasi konfigurasi elektroda yang memberikan informasi paling optimum untuk survei air tanah.Â Konfigurasi yang dibandingkan adalah konfigurasi Wenner dan Schlumberger. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi Schlumberger dan konfigurasi Wenner mempunyai kemampuan deteksi anomali yang tidak jauh berbeda. Konfigurasi Schlumberger mempunyai penetrasi arus yang lebih dalam (yaitu sekitar 33 cm) daripada konfigurasi Wenner (sekitar 28 cm). Konfigurasi Schlumberger mempunyai kesalahan-inversi yang lebih besar (yaitu antara 8,0% dan 9,9%) daripada konfigurasi Wenner (15,0% sampai 17,3%). Untuk kedua jenis konfigurasi, anomali yang bersifat konduktif lebih mudah dideteksi daripada anomali yang bersifat non-konduktif.