bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure mode and effects analysis in a paperless radiotherapy department
Authors: Frewen Helen , Brown Elizabeth , Jenkins Michael , O'Donovan Anita 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe international move towards digital healthcare record keeping has seen an increase in the number of radiotherapy departments moving towards a paperless framework. With the recent transition to a paperless radiation oncology framework at the Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane, it was crucial to perform a prospective risk assessment to quantify the most significant sources of risk in the electronic environment.MethodsA failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was performed using a web‐based three‐round Delphi technique. Participants included Radiation Therapists and Radiation Oncologists. A detailed process map was created of all process steps and their sub‐processes from patient booking to treatment. The first round was an open qualitative round to identify failure modes. The subsequent rounds were used to score all failure modes using the risk priority number (RPN) scoring method, based on the product of occurrence, severity and detectability scoring. The final round was also used to identify risk mitigation strategies.ResultsThe process map consisted of 60 process steps and 141 sub‐processes. A list of 83 failure modes was identified and consensus was achieved regarding the risk scoring for a prioritised list of 20. Four of the top five failure modes were related to communication errors. Eighteen feasible solutions were recommended for incorporating into clinical practice to increase patient safety.ConclusionThe FMEA proved a valuable systematic method of prospectively identifying vulnerabilities in a paperless radiotherapy department. In particular, this FMEA identified numerous failure modes concerning communication and documentation, highlighting the need for sustained vigilance when performing all electronic processes.
Bayesian Inference of Hub Nodes Across Multiple Networks
Authors: Kim Junghi , Do Kim-Anh , Ha Min Jin , Peterson Christine B. 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Hub nodes within biological networks play a pivotal role in determining phenotypes and disease outcomes. In the multiple network setting, we are interested in understanding network similarities and differences across different experimental conditions or subtypes of disease. The majority of proposed approaches for joint modeling of multiple networks focus on the sharing of edges across graphs. Rather than assuming the network similarities are driven by individual edges, we instead focus on the presence of common hub nodes, which are more likely to be preserved across settings. Specifically, we formulate a Bayesian approach to the problem of multiple network inference which allows direct inference on shared and differential hub nodes. The proposed method not only allows a more intuitive interpretation of the resulting networks and clearer guidance on potential targets for treatment, but also improves power for identifying the edges of highly connected nodes. Through simulations, we demonstrate the utility of our method and compare its performance to current popular methods that do not borrow information regarding hub nodes across networks. We illustrate the applicability of our method to inference of co-expression networks from The Cancer Genome Atlas ovarian carcinoma dataset.
Information Content of Cluster–Period Cells in Stepped Wedge Trials
Authors: Kasza Jessica , Forbes Andrew B. 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Stepped wedge and other multiple-period cluster randomized trials, which collect data from multiple clusters across multiple time periods, are being conducted with increasing frequency; statistical research into these designs has not kept apace. In particular, some stepped wedge designs with missing cluster–period “cells” have been proposed without any formal justification. Indeed there are no general guidelines regarding which cells of a stepped wedge design contribute the least information toward estimation of the treatment effect, and correspondingly which may be preferentially omitted. In this article, we define a metric of the information content of cluster–period cells, entire treatment sequences, and entire periods of the standard stepped wedge design as the increase in variance of the estimator of the treatment effect when that cell, sequence, or period is omitted. We show that the most information-rich cells are those that occur immediately before or after treatment switches, but also that there are additional cells that contribute almost as much to the estimation of the treatment effect. However, the information content patterns depend on the assumed correlation structure for the repeated measurements within a cluster.
Lysosomal cathepsin D is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease neocortex and may be a marker for neurofibrillary degeneration
Authors: Chai Yuek Ling , Chong Joyce R. , Weng Jiaju , Howlett David , Halsey Andrea , Lee Jasinda H. , Attems Johannes , Aarsland Dag , Francis Paul T. , Chen Christopher P. , Lai Mitchell K.P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of β‐amyloid plaques (AP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the cortex, together with synaptic loss and amyloid angiopathy. Perturbations in the brain lysosomal system, including the cathepsin family of proteases, have been implicated in AD where they may be involved in proteolytic clearance of misfolded and abnormally aggregated peptides. However, the status of cathepsin D (catD) is unclear in Lewy body dementia, the second most common form of neurodegenerative dementia after AD, and characterized by Lewy bodies (LB) containing aggregated α‐synuclein. Furthermore, earlier reports of catD changes in AD have not been entirely consistent. We measured CatD immunoreactivities in the temporal (Brodmann area BA21) and parietal (BA40) cortices of well characterized AD brains as well as two clinical subtypes of Lewy body dementia, namely Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), known to show varying degrees of concomitant AD pathology. Increased catD immunoreactivities in AD were found for both neocortical regions measured, where they also correlated with neuropathological NFT scores and phosphorylated pSer396 tau burden, and appeared to co‐localize at least partly to NFT‐containing neurons. In contrast, catD was increased only in BA40 in DLB and not at all in PDD, did not correlate with LB scores, and did not appreciably co‐localize with α‐synuclein inclusions. Our study suggests that catD upregulation may be an adaptive response to AD‐related processes leading to neurofibrillary degeneration, but may not be directly associated with formation of α‐synuclein inclusions in Lewy body dementia.
Stable isotope‐labelled morphine to study in vivo central and peripheral morphine glucuronidation and brain transport in tolerant mice
Authors: Weinsanto Ivan , Laux‐Biehlmann Alexis , Mouheiche Jinane , Maduna Tando , Delalande François , Chavant Virginie , Gabel Florian , Darbon Pascal , Charlet Alexandre , Poisbeau Pierrick , Lamshöft Marc , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Cianferani Sarah , Parat Marie‐Odile , Goumon Yannick 
Published: July 2018

Background and PurposeChronic administration of medication can significantly affect metabolic enzymes leading to physiological adaptations. Morphine metabolism in the liver has been extensively studied following acute morphine treatment, but such metabolic processes in the CNS are poorly characterized. Long‐term morphine treatment is limited by the development of tolerance, resulting in a decrease of its analgesic effect. Whether or not morphine analgesic tolerance affects in vivo brain morphine metabolism and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability remains a major question. Here, we have attempted to characterize the in vivo metabolism and BBB permeability of morphine after long‐term treatment, at both central and peripheral levels.Experimental ApproachMale C57BL/6 mice were injected with morphine or saline solution for eight consecutive days in order to induce morphine analgesic tolerance. On the ninth day, both groups received a final injection of morphine (85%) and d3‐morphine (morphine bearing three 2H; 15%, w/w). Mice were then killed and blood, urine, brain and liver samples were collected. LC–MS/MS was used to quantify morphine, its metabolite morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G) and their respective d3‐labelled forms.Key ResultsWe found no significant differences in morphine CNS uptake and metabolism between control and tolerant mice. Interestingly, d3‐morphine metabolism was decreased compared to morphine without any interference with our study.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur data suggests that tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine is not linked to increased glucuronidation to M3G or to altered global BBB permeability of morphine.
17β‐Estradiol reduces mitochondrial cAMP content and cytochrome oxidase activity in a phosphodiesterase 2‐dependent manner
Authors: Pozdniakova Sofya , Guitart‐Mampel Mariona , Garrabou Gloria , Di Benedetto Giulietta , Ladilov Yury , Regitz‐Zagrosek Vera 
Published: July 2018

Background and PurposeMitochondria possess their own source of cAMP, that is, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Activation or expression of mitochondrial sAC promotes mitochondrial function. Oestrogen receptor signalling plays an essential role in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Here we aimed to determine whether 17β‐estradiol may affect mitochondrial cAMP signalling.Experimental ApproachExpression of the intra‐mitochondrial proteins (Western blot), mitochondrial cAMP content (FRET‐based live imaging and MS assay), mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome oxidase activity were analysed in H9C2 and C2C12 cells.Key ResultsA 24 h treatment with 17β‐estradiol significantly reduced the basal level of mitochondrial cAMP, without affecting the intra‐mitochondrial content of sAC, phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) or PKA and the activity of the intra‐mitochondrial sAC. The effect of 17β‐estradiol on mitochondrial cAMP was prevented by inhibition of a cGMP‐activated PDE2 or soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), suggesting a role of NO signalling. Indeed, 17β‐estradiol raised cellular levels of cGMP and the intra‐mitochondrial expression of the catalytic subunit β of sGC was found. The 17β‐estradiol‐induced reduction of the mitochondrial cAMP level was accompanied by decreased cytochrome oxidase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential in a PDE2‐dependent manner.Conclusions and Implications17β‐estradiol reduced the basal level of mitochondrial cAMP content and cytochrome oxidase activity in a sAC‐independent but in a PDE2‐dependent manner. The results suggest a role of 17β‐estradiol‐induced activation of NO signalling in the regulation of mitochondrial cAMP content. Our study adds a new aspect to the complex action of oestrogens on mitochondrial biology, that is relevant to hormone replacement therapy.
Icariin protects cardiomyocytes against ischaemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating sirtuin 1‐dependent mitochondrial oxidative damage
Authors: Wu Bing , Feng Jian‐yu , Yu Li‐ming , Wang Yan‐chun , Chen Yong‐qing , Wei Yan , Han Jin‐song , Feng Xiao , Zhang Yu , Di Shou‐yin , Ma Zhi‐qiang , Fan Chong‐xi , Ha Xiao‐qin 
Published: July 2018

Background and PurposeIcariin, a major active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicines, is attracting increasing attention because of its unique pharmacological effects against ischaemic heart disease. The histone deacetylase, sirtuin‐1, plays a protective role in ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and this study was designed to investigate the protective role of icariin in models of cardiac I/R injury and to elucidate the potential involvement of sirtuin‐1.Experimental ApproachI/R injury was simulated in vivo (mouse hearts), ex vivo (isolated rat hearts) and in vitro (neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells). Prior to I/R injury, animals or cells were exposed to icariin, with or without inhibitors of sirtuin‐1 (sirtinol and SIRT1 siRNA).Key ResultsIn vivo and in vitro, icariin given before I/R significantly improved post‐I/R heart contraction and limited the infarct size and leakage of creatine kinase‐MB and LDH from the damaged myocardium. Icariin also attenuated I/R‐induced mitochondrial oxidative damage, decreasing malondialdehyde content and increasing superoxide dismutase activity and expression of Mn‐superoxide dismutase. Icariin significantly improved mitochondrial membrane homeostasis by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C stabilization, which further inhibited cell apoptosis. Sirtuin‐1 was significantly up‐regulated in hearts treated with icariin, whereas Ac‐FOXO1 was simultaneously down‐regulated. Importantly, sirtinol and SIRT1 siRNA either blocked icariin‐induced cardioprotection or disrupted icariin‐mediated mitochondrial homeostasis.Conclusions and ImplicationsPretreatment with icariin protected cardiomyocytes from I/R‐induced oxidative stress through activation of sirtuin‐1 /FOXO1 signalling.
Do short implants have similar survival rates compared to standard implants in posterior single crown?: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tolentino da Rosa de Souza Patricia , Binhame Albini Martini Milena , Reis Azevedo‐Alanis Luciana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundShort implants have been presented as an option for posterior rehabilitation in cases of poor bone height.PurposeTo compare the survival rate of short implants and standard implants when used in posterior single crowns, in addition to reporting marginal bone loss, prosthetic failures, and surgical complications.Materials and methodsElectronic search (PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) and hand search were performed to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that evaluated both short and standard implants in posterior single crowns.ResultsOut of 345 articles identified by both electronic and hand search, four studies were selected (one CCT and three RCTs). The meta‐analysis for the survival rate showed that there was no significant difference between the short implants and the standard ones (P = 1.00; RR:1.00; CI:0.97‐1.03) performed with three RCTs for a one‐year follow‐up. The mean marginal bone loss ranged from 0.1 mm to 0.54 mm. Only one study reported the presence of prosthetic failures and surgical complications.ConclusionsThe survival rate of short implants was similar to the standard ones in posterior single crowns, for the one‐year follow‐up period. They also presented low surgical complications, prosthetic failures and marginal bone loss, being a predictable treatment for single rehabilitation in posterior tooth loss.
Modeling the effect of osseointegration on dental implant pullout and torque removal tests
Authors: Rittel Daniel , Dorogoy Avraham , Shemtov‐Yona Keren 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundOsseointegration of dental implants is a key factor for their success. It can be assessed either by destructive (eg, pullout or torque extraction), or nondestructive methods (eg, resonant frequency analysis). However, as of today there is a scarcity of models that can relate the outcome of destructive tests to the level of osseointegration.PurposeTo study various percentages of bone to implant bonding (tie) using finite element simulations. While evolutions of the bone mechanical properties are not explicitly taken into account, emphasis is put on the 3‐dimensional variable extent of the bone‐implant bonding, its statistical distribution, and its influence on the measurable extraction and torque loads, seeking to obtain a quantitative relationship.Materials and MethodsWe performed numerical simulations of randomly tied implants and calculated the evolution of the pullout force as well as that of the extraction torque.ConclusionWithin simplifying assumptions for the osseointegration represented by a tie (as opposed to frictional) constraint, the results of this work indicate that the torque test is more discriminant than the extraction one, while both cannot really discriminate osseointegration levels below a relative variation of 20%.
Immediate prophylactic vs endoscopic or symptomatic‐driven azathioprine treatment to prevent surgical recurrence after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease
Authors: Guo Z. , Cai X. , Liu R. , Gong J. , Li Y. , Cao L. , Wang Z. , Zhu W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimAzathioprine can prevent postoperative recurrences in Crohn's disease. We compared the efficacy of azathioprine in preventing surgical recurrence to explore whether immediate prophylaxis after surgery is better than azathioprine started after endoscopic or clinical recurrence.MethodData of patients with intestinal resection and ileocolic anastomosis for Crohn's disease between 2006 and 2015 were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were grouped according to the strategies of postoperative therapy with azathioprine. Univariate and multivariate proportional hazard Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictive factors for surgical recurrence.ResultsOnly age equal to or less than 16 years at diagnosis was an independent risk factor for surgical recurrence in all 166 patients (P = 0.005). In patients with high risk of recurrence (27 in the symptom‐driven group, 39 in the endoscopy‐driven group and 69 in the immediate prophylaxis group), both immediate and endoscopy‐driven azathioprine delayed and reduced surgical recurrence compared with symptom‐driven azathioprine (P = 0.035, 0.019). Their efficacy in reducing surgical recurrence was confirmed by Cox regression analyses (hazard ratio 0.465, P = 0.045; hazard ratio 0.352, P = 0.028). Surgical recurrence was similar between the immediate and endoscopy‐driven groups. In addition, age ≤ 16 at diagnosis was still an independent risk factor for surgical recurrence in this subgroup.ConclusionsIn patients with high risk of recurrence, both immediate prophylactic azathioprine after surgery and azathioprine started after endoscopic recurrence can delay and reduce surgical recurrence compared with azathioprine started after clinical recurrence. In addition, azathioprine started immediately after surgery was not superior to azathioprine started after discovery of endoscopic recurrence.
Universal Principles of Human Communication: Preliminary Evidence From a Cross‐cultural Communication Game
Authors: Fay Nicolas , Walker Bradley , Swoboda Nik , Umata Ichiro , Fukaya Takugo , Katagiri Yasuhiro , Garrod Simon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present study points to several potentially universal principles of human communication. Pairs of participants, sampled from culturally and linguistically distinct societies (Western and Japanese, N = 108: 16 Western–Western, 15 Japanese–Japanese and 23 Western–Japanese dyads), played a dyadic communication game in which they tried to communicate a range of experimenter‐specified items to a partner by drawing, but without speaking or using letters or numbers. This paradigm forced participants to create a novel communication system. A range of similar communication behaviors were observed among the within‐culture groups (Western–Western and Japanese–Japanese) and the across‐culture group (Western–Japanese): They (a) used iconic signs to bootstrap successful communication, (b) addressed breakdowns in communication using other‐initiated repairs, (c) simplified their communication behavior over repeated social interactions, and (d) aligned their communication behavior over repeated social interactions. While the across‐culture Western–Japanese dyads found the task more challenging, and cultural differences in communication behavior were observed, the same basic findings applied across all groups. Our findings, which rely on two distinct cultural and linguistic groups, offer preliminary evidence for several universal principles of human communication.
Barriers and facilitators to “moving on” from early intervention in psychosis services
Authors: Woodward Sarah , Bucci Sandra , Edge Dawn , Berry Katherine 
Published: July 2018

AimTransition from early intervention in psychosis services (EIPS) to ongoing care can be challenging for staff and service users. This study aims to explore staff views of the barriers and facilitators to transition from EIPS.MethodsEighteen EIPS staff were interviewed about their experiences of discharge processes and interviews were analysed thematically.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) “nowhere to go”: illustrated how service users remained in EIPS because other teams lacked capacity to take them; (2) “collaboration between agencies” highlights the challenges of working across boundaries; (3) “therapeutic relationships”: reflects the loss service users and staff experienced at discharge; (4) “advanced planning” relates to the necessity for advanced planning and service user empowerment to facilitate the discharge process.ConclusionsThis is the first in‐depth exploration of EIPS staff views on discharge processes. To ensure seamless transitions throughout care pathways, services need better inter‐agency collaboration and more adequate preparation for transition.
Pretreatment strategies for microbial valorization of bio‐oil fractions produced by fast pyrolysis of ash‐rich lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Arnold Stefanie , Moss Karin , Dahmen Nicolaus , Henkel Marius , Hausmann Rudolf 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis work evaluates a biorefinery approach for microbial valorization of bio‐oil fractions produced by fast pyrolysis of ash‐rich lignocellulosic biomass. Different methods are presented for the pretreatment of the low‐sugar complex bio‐oil consisting of organic condensate (OC) and aqueous condensate (AC) to overcome their strong inhibitory effects and unsuitability for common analytical methods. Growth of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which was chosen as a reference system, on untreated bio‐oil fractions was only detectable using solid medium with OC as sole carbon source. Utilization of a pretreated OC which was filtered, autoclaved, neutralized and centrifuged enabled growth in liquid medium with significant remaining optical instability. By subjecting the pretreated fractions to solid phase extraction, more stable and less inhibitory bio‐oil fractions could be obtained enabling the appliance of common analytical methods. Furthermore, this pretreatment facilitated growth of the applied reference organism Pseudomonas putida KT2440. As there is currently no convincing strategy for reliable application of bio‐oil as a sole source of carbon in industrial biotechnology, the presented work depicts a first step toward establishing bio‐oil as a future sustainable feedstock for a bio‐based economy.