bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keparahan karies gigi yang tidak dirawat pada siswa SD GMIM 31 Manado berdasarkan indeks PUFA
Authors: Sumual Inriyani A. , Pangemanan Damajanty H.C. , Wowor Vonny N.S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Dental caries is one of the infectious diseases that can damage the tooth structure resulted in tooth decay. Untreated dental caries will continue damaging the teeth and create infection around the surrounding structure. This infection destroys tissue around the teeth and can cause ulceration, abscess, and fistula. Moreover, it acts as focal infection to other organs. Children are vulnerable to dental caries. This study was aimed to determine the severity of untreated dental caries in SD GMIM 31 Manado based on PUFA index. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Population consisted of 90 students grade I to grade VI of SD GMIM 31 Manado. There were 80 samples obtained by using total sampling method. The results showed the average indexes of untreated dental caries which caused exposed pulp (P) was 1.5; caused ulceration (U) 0.2; no fistula (F); caused abscesses (A) 0.03, or almost nothing. The highest index was in the 11 years old group and females. The average PUFA index of untreated dental caries was 1.7. Keywords: severity of untreated dental caries, PUFA index. Abstrak: Penyakit karies gigi merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang dapat merusak struktur gigi dan menyebabkan terjadinya lubang pada gigi. Karies gigi yang tidak dirawat akan terus berlanjut kerusakannya, bertambah parah dan dapat menimbulkan infeksi dan merusak jaringan sekitar gigi seperti ulserasi, abses, dan fistula, bahkan dapat menyebabkan fokus infeksi bagi organ tubuh lainnya. Anak-anak merupakan kelompok yang rentan untuk terjadinya karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keparahan karies gigi yang tidak dirawat pada siswa SD GMIM 31 Manado berdasarkan indeks PUFA. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian yakni siswa kelas I hingga kelas VI SD GMIM 31 Manado berjumlah 90 orang. Jumlah sampel yang sesuai kriteria inklusi sebesar 80 sampel, diambil menggunakan total sampling method. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata angka keparahan karies gigi yang tidak dirawat dan menyebabkan pulpa terbuka (P) sebesar 1,5; menyebabkan ulserasi (U) sebesar 0,2; tidak ada yang menimbulkan fistula (F); menyebabkan abses (A) 0,03 atau hampir tidak ada. Keparahan terbanyak pada kelompok usia 11 tahun dan pada siswa berjenis kelamin perempuan. Angka rata-rata keparahan karies gigi yang tidak dirawat (indeks PUFA) sebesar 1,7.Kata kunci: keparahan karies gigi yang tidak dirawat, indeks PUFA
Uji daya hambat ekstrak daun cengkih (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) ) terhadap bakteri Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Lambiju Eskha M. , Wowor Pemsi M. , Leman Michael A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) grow widely in Indonesia. This plant has many benefits from its stem, leaves, and flowers. Clove leaves has several antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids, as well as eugenol as the major component of essential oil. Enterococcus faecalis is a facultative anaerobic Gram positive bacteria and normal flora in the mouth. These bacteria are often identified as the cause of the failure of root canal treatment. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of clove in inhibiting the growth of bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. This was an experimental study with a modified method of Kirby-Bauer using pits. Samples of clove leaves were obtained from Treman, North Minahasa, and then were extracted by using maceration method with 96% ethanol. Metronidazole was used as positive control. Enterococcus faecalis bacteria were taken from the direct isolation of patients’ necrotic teeth. The results showed that the average inhibition zone of clove leaf extract against Enterococuss faecalis was 8.0 mm meanwhile of metronidazole was 10.0 mm. Conclusion: Clove leaf extract had moderate inhibitory effect against the growth of Enterococcus faecalis.Keywords: clove leaves, Enterococcus faecalis, inhibition. Abstrak: Tanaman cengkih (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Tanaman ini memiliki banyak manfaat mulai dari batang, daun, dan bunga. Daun cengkih mengandung berbagai senyawa yang bersifat antibakteri seperti flavonoid, tannin, dan triterpenoid, serta senyawa eugenol yang merupakan komponen utama dalam minyak atrisi. Enterococcus faecalis ialah bakteri Gram positif fakultatif anaerob yang merupakan flora normal dalam mulut. Bakteri ini sering terisolasi sebagai penyebab kegagalan perawatan saluran akar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat daun cengkih (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Enterococcus faecalis. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan metode modifikasi Kirby-Bauer menggunakan sumuran. Sampel daun cengkeh diperoleh dari daerah Treman Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yang kemudian diekstrasi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Sebagai kontrol positif diginakan metronidazole. Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis diambil dari isolasi langsung pada pasien dengan gigi nekrosis. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan rerata zona inhibisi ekstrak daun cengkih terhadap bakteri Enterococuss faecalis sebesar 8,0 mm sedangkan zona inhibisi metronidazole 13,0 mm. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun cengkih memiliki daya hambat yang tergolong sedang terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Enterococcus faecalis.Kata kunci: daun cengkih, Enterococcus faecalis, daya hambat
Perbedaan Pelepasan Ion Nikel (Ni) dan Kromium (Cr) Kawat Ortodonti Stainless Steel pada Perendaman Pasta Gigi Ortodonti dan Non-Ortodonti
Authors: Wondal Loisaviny H. D. , Anindita P. S. , Tambunan Elita 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Recently, orthodontic toothpaste with colostrum has been introduced which is different from non-orthodontic toothpaste. Albeit, orthodontic and non-orthodontic toothpastes contain citric acid and some kinds of sodium compounds that can initiate corrosion of stainless steel orthodontic archwire indicated by the release of nickel and chromium ions. This study was aimed to determine the difference in nickel and chromium ion releases from the stainless steel orthodontic archwires immersed in artificial saliva plus orthodontic toothpaste or non-orthodontic toothpaste. This was a true experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Samples were stainless steel orthodontic archwires immersed in artificial saliva plus orthodontic toothpaste or non-orthodontic toothpaste. Released nickel and chromium ions were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). In both treatment groups (orthodontic and non-orthodontic pastes), the independent t-test showed that the P value of released nickel ions was 0.572 and of released chromium ions was 0.059 (P >0.05). Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the release of nickel and chromium ions of stainless steel orthodontic archwires immersed in artificial saliva plus orthodontic toothpaste and in artificial saliva plus non-orthodontic toothpaste.Keywords: stainless steel orthodontic archwire, nickel and chromium ion, orthodontic and non-orthodontic toothpaste. Abstrak: Dewasa ini sudah tersedia pasta gigi ortodonti dengan kandungan colostrum yang membedakannya dengan pasta gigi non-ortodonti. Pasta gigi ortodonti dan non-ortodonti mengandung citric acid dan beberapa jenis senyawa sodium yang dapat memicu terjadinya korosi pada kawat ortodonti stainless steel yang ditandai dengan pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan jumlah pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium kawat ortodonti stainless steel yang direndam dalam pasta gigi ortodonti dan non-ortodonti. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post-test only control group design. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kawat ortodonti stainless steel yang direndam dalam saliva artifisial ditambahkan pasta gigi ortodonti atau yang non-ortodonti. Pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium dianalisis menggunakan Spektrometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Hasil uji t tidak berpasangan pada kelompok perlakuan baik larutan pasta gigi ortodonti maupun yang non-ortodonti menunjukkan pelepasan ion nikel dengan P=0,572 dan pelepasan ion kromium dengan P=0,059 (P >0,05). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium pada kawat ortodonti stainless steel yang direndam dalam saliva artifisial ditambahkan pasta gigi ortodonti dibandingkan pasta non ortodonti.Kata kunci: kawat ortodonti stainless steel, nikel, kromium, pasta gigi ortodonti dan non ortodonti
PENGAYAAN NILAI NUTRITIF SEKAM PADI BERBASIS BIOTEKNOLOGI “EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS” (EM4) SEBAGAI BAHAN PAKAN ORGANIK.
Authors: Telew Chandra . , Kereh Veybe G. , Untu Ivonne M. , Rembet Berthy . 
Published: July 2019

Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana pengayaan nilai nutritif sekam padi berbasis bioteknologi “Effective Microorganisms” (EM4). Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pengolahan dan Industri Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan UNSRAT, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis sampel di Laboratorium BARISTAND (Badan Riset dan Standarisasi Industri) Sulut. Lamanya penelitian dari bulan September sampai November 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, dengan perlakuan sebagai berikut, yaitu ; R0: Sekam Padi non Rekayasa (SPnR), R1 : Sekam Padi Rekayasa EM + 2500 ml air (SPRns), R2 : Sekam Padi Rekayasa EM + 2500 ml cuka saguer (SPRps). Variabel yang diukur yaitu nilai nutritif sekam padi meliputi protein, serat kasar, dan energi sekam padi non rekayasa dan rekayasa dengan EM4. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sekam padi yang direkayasa dengan EM4 mengalami peningkatan kadar protein dari 1,92% menjadi 2,67% atau terjadi kenaikan sebesar 39%, sedangkan rekayasa EM4 + cuka saguer kadar proteinnya menjadi 2,22% (terjadi kenaikan 15%). Untuk serat kasar terjadi penurunan dari 37,33% menjadi 13,02%, sedangkan rekayasa dengan EM4 + cuka saguer menjadi 13,24%. Kemudian untuk kadar energi terlihat bahwa sekam padi yang direkayasa dengan EM4 menghasilkan peningkatan kadar energi dari 302,33 KKal/Kg menjadi 375,62 KKal/Kg atau terjadi kenaikan sebesar 24%, sedangkan untuk sekam padi rekayasa EM4 + cuka saguer kadar proteinnya menjadi 373.08 KKal/Kg. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukan bahwa sekam padi yang difermentasi dengan EM4 memberikan pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata (P < 0,01). Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan diambil kesimpulan bahwa bahwa rekayasa sekam padi dengan “EM4” terjadi pengayaan nilai nutritif sekam padi yang ditandai dengan turunnya kadar serat kasar dan meningkatnya kadar protein dan energi.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN RUMPUT GAJAH DWARF (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) YANG DIBERI PUPUK ORGANIK HASIL FERMENTASI EM4
Authors: Lasamadi Rahman D. , Malalantang S. S. , . Rustandi . , Anis Selvie D. 
Published: July 2019

Ketersediaan hijauan pakan yang tidak memadai baik kuantitas maupun kualitasnya menjadi salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan usaha peternakan khususnya ternak ruminansia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengamati dan mempelajari serta untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh pupuk organik hasil fermentasi EM4 terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan rumput Gajah dwarf (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado pada tanggal 14 Juli sampai 5 Oktober 2012 yang tahap pelaksanaannya dimulai dari pembuatan pupuk organik, penanaman bibit tanaman rumput gajah dwarf dan sampai dengan pengambilan data pengamatan. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan yang terdiri dari P0 (0%/10 kg tanah), P1 (10%/10 kg tanah), P2 (20%/10 kg tanah), P3 (30%/10 kg tanah). Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, panjang daun, lebar daun dan jumlah anakan. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada minggu pertama setelah pemotongan seragam sampai pada minggu ke-6 (enam). Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap parameter yang diamati. Hasil uji BNJ menunjukkan P0 berbeda nyata dengan P2 dan P3 (P<0.05) akan tetapi P2 berbeda tidak nyata dengan P3 (P>0.05). Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan P2 (20%) per 10 Kg tanah atau setara dengan pemupukan sebanyak (20 ton per ha) pupuk organik hasil fermentasi EM4 memberikan hasil yang optimal terhadap semua param
ANALISIS BIAYA RANSUM PENGGUNAAN SERBUK GERGAJI HASIL REKAYASA SEBAGAI PENGANTI SEBAGIAN RANSUM ITIK PETELUR DI DESA TOUNELET KECAMATAN KAKAS KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Otay Viviani A. , Manese M. A.V. , Lenzun G. D. , Waleleng P. O.V 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF FEED COST USING SAWDUST ENGINEERING AS PART IN RATION OF LAYER DUCK AT TOUNELET VILLAGE, KAKAS DISTRICT, MINAHASA REGENCY. Duck was one animal species developed by communities as their source of income at Tounelet village. Animal feed cost was the main problem due to limitation of feed ingredient materials. Sawdust was saw-mill by-product containing high lignin. Lignin could be reduced by engineering method. The objective of this study was to evaluate feed cost using sawdust engineering as part in ration of layer duck at Tounelet village, Kakas district of Minahasa regency. Total oh sixty layer duck was used in this study fed ration containing part of sawdust engineering. Primer and secunder data were collected during two months. Results showed that the highest feed cost of layer duck was found in ration without sawdust engineering. The lowest feed cost was found in ration consisted of 40 percents based ration and 60 percents parts of sawdust engineering. Therefore, it can be concluded that utilization of parts of sawdust engineering was more efficient in layer duck ration. Key words: ration, sawdust engineering, layer duck
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG DI KECAMATAN BOLANGITANG TIMUR KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA
Authors: Otoluwa Moh. Andri , Salendu A H.S , Rintjap A. K , Massie M T 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT THE PROSPECT OF BEEF CATLE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTIN EAST BOLANGITANG DISTRICT, NORTH BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY The purpose of this research was to find out the potential resources on beef cattle industry development in East Bolangitangdistrict, North Bolaang Mongondow regency. Survey method (questionnaire) was used in order to get primary and secondary data, from June until July, 2015. All the data taken were then analyzed using SWOT and Land Carrying Capacity analysis, as well as descriptive analysis. It was found in this research that, the maximum potency of livestock units based on dry land, savannah and swampland (wetland) resources amounted to 8.879 ST (Satuan Ternak). This number depicted that the district of East Bolangitang potential to develop cattle industry Keywords: Cattle, prospects, Business Development
PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH KOTORAN TERNAK DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU
Authors: Linggotu Lidyasanty O. , Paputungan U. , Polii B. 
Published: July 2019

ANIMAL WASTE PRODUCT MANAGEMENT FOR PREVENTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN KOTAMOBAGU CITY. The animal wastes from animal farm affect the environmental condition of human settlement, when it was not well managed. The objectives of this study was to evaluate either levels of knowledge, attitude and technical skill had correlated directly or not with their motivation activity in preventing environmental pollution of animal wastes around Kotamobagu city. Variables in this study were referring on the farmer’s standard knowledge (X1), attitude (X2), technical skill (X3) and motivation activity in preventing environmental pollution of animal wastes (Y) around Kotamobagu city using the functions of linear multiple regression, Yi = b0 + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3 + ei; where Yi was the-i observation of farmer’s motivation activity in preventing environmental pollution of animal wastes; b0 was intercept; b1, b2 and b3 were regression coefficients, X1 was farmer’s knowledge, X2 farmer’s attitude, X3 was farmer’s technical skill in preventing environmental pollution of animal wastes; and e1 was random error. Results of this study showed that knowledge level (X1), attitude (X2) and technical skill (X3) of farmers could be the important factors affecting farmer’s motivation activity in preventing environmental pollution of animal wastes (Y) in Kotamobagu city areas. The equation of multiple regression model was found, Y = 1.468 + 0.784 X1 + 0.218 X2 + 0.004 X3. The determination coefficient (R2) of 0.81 in this model indicated that 81 percents of the variation of independent variables (X1, X2, and X3) used in the model were able to affect the variation of the dependent variable (Y). The rest of 19 percents in the model were caused by the other unknown factors. The average score values of knowledge level (X1=87.23), attitude (X2=93.37) and technical skill (X3=88.40) and farmer’s motivation activity (Y=90.60) in preventing environmental pollution of animal wastes (poultry and pig) in Kotamobagu city areas were still below the score median values (X1=93; X2=100; X3=100; Y=93) of those variables. This condition suggested that extension activities related to the prevention of environmental pollution of animal wastes in Kotamobagu city areas were still needed to be conducted, mainly to the farmers with low scores in knowledge, attitude, technical skill and motivation activity in preventing environmental pollution of animal wastes. Key words: Animal waste product, prevention of environmental pollution, Kotamobagu city.
PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG LIMBAH LABU KUNING/WALUH (Cucurbita moschata) DALAM PAKAN AYAM PETELUR TERHADAP BERAT TELUR, TEBAL KERABANG, DAN EGG MASS
Authors: Pangemanan Meilani , Montong M. E.R. , Tangkere E. S. , Ratulangi F. S. 
Published: July 2019

EGG WEIGHT, EGGSHELL THICKNESS AND EGG MASS OF CAGED LAYING HENS GIVEN RATION THAT COMPOSED OF BY SITE PRODUCT OF PUMPKIN FLOUR (Cucurbita moschata) The aim of this research was to find out the effect of using by site product of pumpkin flour (cucurbita moschata) in feed of laying hens on egg weight, eggshell thickness and egg mass. One hundred of laying hens, 42 weeks old were used in this research, and this research was conducted. Randomized completely design was used, 5 treatments and 5 repetitions. The treatments were: R0 = 100% basal feed, without using by site product of pumpkin flour (BSPPF); R1 = 98% basal feed + 2% BSPPF; R2 = 96% + 4% BSPPF; R3 = 94% + 6% BSPPF; R4 = 92% + 8% BSPPF. The result of analysis shown that, there were no any significant differences on egg weight, eggshell thickness and egg mass within the group of laying hens that given feed composed of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% of by site product of pumpkin flour and given 100% basal feed respectively. The conclusions of this research was pumpkin flour waste up to the level of 8% in the feed of laying hens give the same result on egg weight, egg shell thickness and egg mass. Keywords: by site product of pumpkin, egg, laying hens.
KUALITAS KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING YANG DIBERI RANSUM MENGANDUNG LIMBAH SAWI
Authors: Londok Jola J.M.R. , Rompis John E.G. , Mangelep Claudya 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILERS FED RATION CONTAINING WASTE OF SAWI. Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting part of ration with sawi waste meal on carcass quality and abdominal fat of broilers. Total of sixty unsexed day old chick broilers of MB-202 P strain were randomly divided into twenty units of pens, each of pen was filled with three heads of chicks. Birds were maintained during forty days. Levels of substituting part of ration with sawi waste meal were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percents. Each treatment had four replications using completely randomized design with 5 x 4. Fresh water and ration were given ad libitum. Birds from day old chick to the age of twenty one days old were fed with BR-21E ration for all treatments. The treatments of ration were fed at ages of twenty two days old to the end of study (period when all animals were slaughtered). Data were analyzed using F test and Tukey test for the significant F test. Results showed that control treatments were significantly different (P<0.05) with those others four treatments for carcass weight, but not significantly different with those others four treatments for carcass percentages and abdominal fat. Therefore, sawi waste meal can be used to substitute part of ration up to 20 percents for broilers ration in term of the carcass percentages and abdominal fat. Key words: Sawi waste meal, broilers, carcass quality.
ANALISIS MARGIN PEMASARAN AYAM BROILER DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA MANADO
Authors: Mandak Yudianto , Rorimpandey B. , Waleleng P O.V , Oroh F N.S 
Published: July 2019

MARGIN ANALYSIS OF BROILER MARKETING AT TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN MANADO CITY (Case Study at Calaca Bersehati and Pinasungkulan Karombasan Markets) This research was conducted at the traditional markets in Manado particularly at the Bersehati Calaca and Pinasungkulan Karombasan markets. The problem of this research was that how was the chains of broiler marketing channels, how much was margin profit of broiler marketing and level of broiler marketing efficiency at the traditional markets of Calaca Bersehati and Pinasungkulan Karombasan. The purposes of this study were (1) To determine the chain of broiler marketing channels at traditional markets in Manado, (2) marketing margins and profit, (3) To determine the level of marketing efficiency at each marketing channel of broiler chicken at the traditional market in Manado. Sources of data in this study were divided in the primary data and secondary data. The samples were taken by purposive sampling. Models of data analysis in this research were using descriptive analysis approach and mathematical analysis. The result showed that the average - average purchase price of broiler chickens on traders is IDR. 19,500 per kilogram with the average - the average selling price of IDR 27,000 per kilogram and the average - average total marketing cost is Rp. 3903. While the average - average purchase price of broiler chickens on retailers is IDR. 26 182 per kilogram with the average - the average selling price of Rp 29,364 per kilogram and the average - average total marketing cost is IDR. 1789.Conclusion that the markets at Calaca Bersehati and Pinasungkulan Karombasan had two marketing channels as follows (1), Farmers to traders, traders to retailers, and retailers to consumers. (2), Farmers to traders, traders to consumers. Total margin and gains different on each channel, the first channel of IDR 9.864 and on line two the margin obtained at IDR 7,500, while the benefits of the channel I is IDR. 4172 and the second channel a profit of IDR 3597. Broiler chicken marketing channels already take place efficiently because the level of efficiency in both marketing channels are located between 0-33 percents which amounted the first line was 19.39 percents and a second channel was 14.45 percents Keywords: Marketing Channel, Margin, Profit, Marketing Efficiency, Broiler.