bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle Fossa Approach for Facial Nerve Schwannoma Aiming for Functional Improvement: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Matsushima Ken , Kohno Michihiro , Izawa Hitoshi , Tanaka Yujiro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The treatment paradigm of skull base surgery has been changed from radical tumor resection to maximal tumor removal while giving priority to functional preservation. Facial nerve schwannoma is one of the representative disorders of this type of paradigm shift.
1
This video demonstrates facial nerve schwannoma surgery through the middle fossa approach, aiming for improvement of facial function. A 33-yr-old woman presented with gradually worsening facial palsy (House-Brackmann grade IV), dizziness, and nausea. Neuroimaging revealed a growing tumor involving the geniculate ganglion, and extending to the middle fossa, internal acoustic meatus, and cerebellopontine angle. The nerve-sparing surgery through the left middle fossa approach was performed under detailed neuromonitoring including the evoked facial electromyograms and auditory brainstem response. The facial nerve fibers were involved within the tumor mass and the plane between the tumor and facial nerve could not be identified as seen in most cases of such large facial nerve schwannomas. But sufficient tumor removal with facial nerve preservation was achieved owing to continuous facial monitoring.
2
The patient had no new neurological deficits. Her facial palsy has been gradually improving, now at grade III, without any signs of tumor regrowth during the 10 mo of follow up after the operation. Careful follow up is being continued to survey the possible tumor recurrence. The video was reproduced after informed consent of the patient.
Use of Tubular Retractors for Minimally Invasive Resection of Deep-Seated Cavernomas
Authors: Eichberg Daniel G , Di Long , Shah Ashish H , Ivan Michael E , Komotar Ricardo J , Starke Robert M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cavernomas located in subcortical or eloquent locations are difficult lesions to access safely. Tubular retractors, which distribute retraction pressure radially, have been increasingly employed successfully. These retractors may be beneficial in subcortical cavernoma resection.

OBJECTIVE
To review a single institution's case series to determine the safety profile and efficacy of transcortical-transtubular cavernoma resections and to describe our transtubular operative technique.

METHODS
We reviewed a single institution's transcortical-transtubular cavernoma resections using either BrainPath (NICO, Indianapolis, Indiana) or ViewSite Brain Access System (Vycor Medical, Boca Raton, Florida) tubular retractors performed from 2013 to 2018 (n = 20).

RESULTS
Gross total resection was achieved in all patients. When a developmental venous anomaly (DVA) was present, avoidance of DVA resection was achieved in all cases (n = 4). All patients had a supratentorial cavernoma with mean depth below cortical surface of 44.1 mm. Average postoperative clinical follow-up was 20.4 wk. Early neurologic deficit rate was 10% (n = 2); permanent neurologic deficit rate was 0%. One patient (5%) experienced early postoperative seizures (< 1 wk postop). No patients experienced late seizures (> 1 wk follow-up). Engel class 1 seizure control at final clinical follow-up was achieved in 87.5% of patients presenting with preoperative epilepsy.

CONCLUSION
Tubular retractors provide a low-profile, minimally invasive operative corridor for resection of subcortical cavernomas. There were no permanent neurologic complications in our series of 20 cases, and long-term seizure control was achieved in all patients. Thus, tubular retractors appear to be a safe and efficacious tool for resection of subcortical cavernomas.
SX Piscium: A near-contact mass-transferring binary with a possible brown dwarf companion
Authors: Wang Zhi Hua , Zhu Li Ying 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
SX Psc is a short-period Algol-type eclipsing binary whose photometric analysis has long been ignored. Our photometric monitoring of this target covered from 2001 December to 2018 November. Aside from some curves observed at the primary eclipses, the complete four-color light curves in the BVRcIc band were also obtained. Photometric solutions were determined based on the Wilson–Devinney method. It is found that SX Psc is a semidetached binary where the inner Roche lobe of the secondary component has been filled. The filling factor for the primary is about 85% along with an inclination of ${89{^{\circ}_{.}}8}$, indicating that it is a near-contact total eclipsing binary system. Meanwhile, analysis of the O − C curve revealed that the orbital period is increasing continuously at a rate of dP/dt = 4.64(4) × 10−8 d yr−1. This is due to the mass transfers from the secondary to the primary component, which is in accord with the semidetached configuration of this binary star. With the assumption of conservative evolution, the mass transfer rate is estimated as $1.96\times 10^{-8}\, M_{\odot }$ yr−1. By deducting the long-term increasing trend in the O − C diagram, the high-precision data exhibits a cyclic variation, whereas it might be caused by the Applegate mechanism. Moreover, according to the light travel-time effect, there should be a candidate brown dwarf with a mass of no less than $m\,_3 = 0.067\, M_{\odot }$ orbiting the eclipsing binary. This is perhaps a unique case for an Algol-type binary accompanied by a substellar object.
Taking Dimensions of Purpose-Oriented Networks Seriously
Authors: Carboni Julia L , Saz-Carranza Angel , Raab Jörg , Isett Kimberley R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurpose-oriented networks—often referred to as goal-directed networks—are a widely recognized empirical phenomenon in the public administration and management literatures. However, there is no systematic understanding about which characteristics are constitutive for these entities to be present. We use Goetz’s multilevel concept to develop a conceptual framework for purpose-oriented networks that includes four constitutive dimensions: purpose, joint effort, membership, and governance. Then we classify existing literature into this framework. Constitutive dimensions allow scholars to operationalize concepts and develop hypotheses that are testable across a wider range of purpose-oriented networks, better define the external validity of results, and improve the accumulation of knowledge across disciplinary perspectives as well as to point to areas in need of more study. We conclude that the fundamental concepts that constitute purpose-oriented networks are dangerously understudied and are in dire need of systematic, sustained empirical attention.
Nurse-led care is preferred over GP-led care of gout and improves gout outcomes: results of Nottingham Gout Treatment Trial follow-up study
Authors: Fuller Amy , Jenkins Wendy , Doherty Michael , Abhishek Abhishek 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To explore patient satisfaction, gout knowledge, medication adherence and flares among participants receiving nurse-led or general practitioner (GP)-led care of gout in the Nottingham Gout Treatment Trial phase-II (NGTT-II).

Methods
A total of 438 participants of NGTT-II were sent a questionnaire enquiring about gout knowledge, satisfaction with health-care practitioner, urate-lowering treatment being undertaken, and gout flares ⩾1 year after their final visit. Nurse-led care participants were asked about their preference for receiving gout treatment from either a GP or a nurse.

Results
Completed questionnaires were returned by 82% of participants. Participants previously receiving nurse-led care reported greater satisfaction with health-care practitioner (P < 0.001), had better gout knowledge (P = 0.02), were more likely to be taking urate-lowering treatment [adjusted relative risk (95% CI) 1.19 (1.09, 1.30)], and self-reported fewer flares in the previous 12 months [median (inter-quartile range) 0 (0–0) vs 1 (0–3), P < 0.001] than those receiving GP-led care. Of participants receiving nurse-led care, 41–63% indicated preference for receiving gout treatment from a nurse, while only 5–20% indicated preference for receiving treatment from GPs.

Conclusion
The results of this study favour nurse-led care, involving individualized patient education and engagement and a treat-to-target strategy, in terms of patient acceptability, long-term adherence, and flares. Further research is required to evaluate the feasibility of implementing such a model of care in clinical practice.
Methotrexate and interstitial lung disease: controversies and questions. A narrative review of the literature
Authors: Fragoulis George E , Conway Richard , Nikiphorou Elena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMTX, which is the anchor-drug for the treatment of RA, has been associated with lung injury and in particular with MTX-related pneumonitis (M-pneu). Although the frequency of M-pneu has been reported to range between 0.3 and 11.6%, more recent studies and meta-analyses have challenged that, suggesting that it is less common than previously thought. M-pneu is considered a hypersensitivity reaction usually occuring early after MTX commencement, and to be dose-independent. Furthermore, it does not seem to be truly related to the development of interstitial lung disease observed in some patients as part of the natural history of RA (RA-ILD). On the other hand, there are data suggesting that clinicians should be cautious when commencing MTX in patients with pre-existing lung disease. However, treatment should not be delayed or limited in progressive RA that could lead to RA-ILD, and MTX remains one of the central players in the treat-to-target approach. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence from observational studies and clinical trials on lung disease in MTX-treated RA patients. We focus the discussion on the lack of association between M-pneu and RA-ILD.
The Limits of Power: Wind Energy, Orkney, and the Post-war British State
Authors: Dudley Marianna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article identifies the environmental components of the limits of industrial nationalization between 1945 and 1956, and with it the spatial dimensions of state power, through a case study of wind power experiments on the Orkney islands. Technocratic and socialist principles drove efforts to supply electricity to all corners of the nation, but material and environmental factors limited success, especially in remote regions. The article considers the materiality of islandness and its effects on the application of national-scale energy policy and emergence of ‘alternative’ energy solutions, in light of James C. Scott’s theory of high modernism as an ideology which emanated from centres of power to rural peripheries. It argues that an environmental lens produces new thinking on the spatial constructions of state in post-war Britain that recognizes the influence of geographical edges as materially and imaginatively capable of disrupting a narrative of one-way power emanating from the centre. Wind joins other natural forces able to exert agency in narratives of technological development and modernism, which augment our understanding of energy, nature, and nation.
The Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study: online recruitment into the largest recontactable study of depression and anxiety
Authors: Davies Molly R. , Kalsi Gursharan , Brailean Anamaria , Cleare Anthony J. , Coleman Jonathan R.I. , Curtis Charles J. , Curzons Susannah C.B. , Davis Katrina A.S. , Goldsmith Kimberley A. , Bennett Megan Hammond , Hotopf Matthew , Hüebel Christopher , Leng Jennifer , Mason Bethany D. , McAtarsney-Kovacs Monika , Monssen Dina , Palaiologou Elisavet , Pariante Carmine , Parikh Shivani , Peel Alicia J. , Rimes Katharine A. , Rogers Henry C. , Skelton Megan , Spaul Anna , Suarez Eddy L.A. , Sykes Bronte L. , White Katie M. , Young Allan H. , Vassos Evangelos , Veale David , Wingrove Janet , Eley Thalia C. , Breen Gerome 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and depression are common, debilitating and costly. These disorders are influenced by multiple risk factors, from genes to psychological vulnerabilities and environmental stressors but research is hampered by a lack of sufficiently large comprehensive studies. We are recruiting 40,000 individuals with lifetime depression or anxiety, with broad assessment of risks to facilitate future research.MethodsThe Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study (www.gladstudy.org.uk) recruits individuals with depression or anxiety into the NIHR Mental Health BioResource. Participants invited to join the study (via media campaigns) provide demographic, environmental and genetic data, and consent for medical record linkage and recontact.ResultsOnline recruitment was effective; 41,892 consented and 26,877 participants completed the questionnaire by July 2019. Participants’ questionnaire data identified very high rates recurrent depression, severe anxiety and comorbidity. Participants reported high rates of treatment receipt. The age profile of sample is biased toward young adults, with higher recruitment of females and the better educated, especially at younger ages.DiscussionThis paper describes the study methodology and descriptive data for GLAD, which represents a large, recontactable resource that will enable future research into risks, outcomes and treatment for anxiety and depression.HighlightsOnline recruitment of 40,000 individuals with lifetime depression or anxiety (77 characters)Detailed online phenotyping combined with genetic and clinical data (66 characters)The study sample is severe, highly comorbid, with chronic psychopathology (62 characters)The study protocol enables recall of participants for future research and trials (82 characters)The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, NIHR, Department of Health or King’s College London
Role of educational attainment, cognitive performance and intelligence in neurodegeneration: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Grover Sandeep ,   International Age-related Macular Degeneration Consortium (IAMDGC)
Published: July 2019

AbstractI examined the potential bi-directional causality between educational attainment (EA) (n = 766,345) and age related macular degeneration (AMD) (cases (n) =16144, controls (n) =17832) using the summary GWAS datasets on individuals with European ancestry. I used datasets on other late-onset neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) as controls to validate the findings. A risky effect of EA on AMD was observed (OR=1.318, 95% CI=1.080 −1.610, P=0.0068) after ruling out potential pleiotropy and absence of reverse causality. I further replicated previously observed protective and risky causal associations of EA with AD and PD.
Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis of shared genetic signals between coexisting neurodegenerative disorders to decipher underlying causal pathways
Authors: Grover Sandeep ,   International Age-related Macular Degeneration Consortium (IAMDGC)
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo investigate whether coexistence of various neurodegenerative disorders is coincidental or biologically connected.DESIGNTwo sample Mendelian randomization using summary effect estimatesSETTINGGenetic data taken on various neurodegenerative disorders from various cohorts comprising individuals predominantly of European ancestry.PARTICIPANTSInternational Genomics of Alzheimer’s patients (IGAP), project MinE, International Age-related Macular Degeneration Consortium (IAMDGC), International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC), International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESAlzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).RESULTSA Bonferroni corrected threshold of P=0.005 was considered to be significant, and P<0.05 was considered suggestive of evidence for a potential association. I observed a risky effect of PD on ALS (OR = 1.126, 95% CI = 1.059-1.198, P = 0.005). Using AD as exposure and PD as outcome, I observed a risky effect of AD on PD using all the MR methods with strongest results using MBE method (OR = 2.072, 95% CI = 1.006-4.028, P = 0.0416). Genetic predisposition to AD was further observed to be a risky for AMD (OR = 1.759, 95% CI = 1.040-1.974, P = 0.0363). On the contrary, AMD was observed to be strongly protective towards MS (OR = 0.861, 95% CI = 0.776-0.955, P = 0.0059).CONCLUSIONSMy findings are consistent with the previously observed relative occurrence of co-existing neurodegenerative diseases or overlapping symptoms among neurodegenerative diseases.
Tissue mechanics drives epithelialization, goblet cell regeneration, and restoration of a mucociliated epidermis on the surface of embryonic aggregates
Authors: Kim Hye Young , Jackson Timothy R. , Stuckenholz Carsten , Davidson Lance A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInjury, surgery, and disease often disrupt tissues and it is the process of regeneration that aids the restoration of architecture and function. Regeneration can occur through multiple strategies including induction of stem cell expansion, transdifferentiation, or proliferation of differentiated cells. We have uncovered a case of regeneration that restores a mucociliated epithelium from mesenchymal cells. Following disruption of embryonic tissue architecture and assembly of a compact mesenchymal aggregate, regeneration first involves restoration of an epithelium, transitioning from mesenchymal cells at the surface of the aggregate. Cells establish apico-basal polarity within 5 hours and a mucociliated epithelium within 24. Regeneration coincides with nuclear translocation of the putative mechanotransducer YAP1 and a sharp increase in aggregate stiffness, and regeneration can be controlled by altering stiffness. We propose that regeneration of a mucociliated epithelium occurs in response to biophysical cues sensed by newly exposed cells on the surface of a disrupted mesenchymal tissue.
A Wild Yeast Laboratory Activity: From Isolation to Brewing
Authors: Scholes Amanda N. , Pollock Erik D. , Lewis Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicrobial fermentation is a common form of metabolism that has been exploited by humans to great benefit. Industrial fermentation currently produces a myriad of products ranging from biofuels to pharmaceuticals. About one third of the world’s food is fermented, and the brewing of fermented beverages in particular has an ancient and storied history. Because fermentation is so intertwined with our daily lives, the topic is easily relatable to students interested in real-world applications for microbiology. Here, we describe the curriculum for an inquiry-based laboratory course that combines yeast molecular ecology and brewing. The rationale for the course is to compare commercialSaccharomyces cerevisiaeyeast strains, which have been domesticated through thousands of generations of selection, with wild yeast, where there is growing interest in their potentially unique brewing characteristics. Because wild yeast are so easy to isolate, identify, and characterize, this is a great opportunity to present key concepts in molecular ecology and genetics in a way that is relevant and accessible to students. We organized the course around three main modules: isolation and identification of wild yeast, phenotypic characterization of wild and commercial ale yeast strains, and scientific design of a brewing recipe and head-to-head comparison of the performance of a commercial and wild yeast strain in the brewing process. Pre and post assessment showed that students made significant gains in the learning objectives for the course, and students enjoyed connecting microbiology to a real-world application.
Use of extracellular polymer substances as additives for improving biogas yield and digestion performance
Authors: Ma Haitong , Guo Chen Yan , Wu Ming , Liu Hui , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Shuangfei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo understand how extracellular polymer substances (EPS) as additives promotes methanogenesis, batch tests of methane production potential in anaerobic reactors with the addition of EPS or not were conducted. Research showed that EPS increased remarkably methane production during anaerobic digestion (36.5% increase compared with the control). EPS enriched functional microorganisms such as Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Synergistetes, and Chloroflexi. Among them, 8.86% OTUs from the important hydrolysis and acidification phyla, which may be an important reason for the enhanced methanogenic capacity of anaerobic granular sludge. Additionally, EPS also improved the abundance of cytochrome c (c-Cyts), accelerating the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between syntrophic bacteria and methanogens, thus enhancing the methane production. Interestingly, the average particle size, volatile suspended solids/total suspended solids (VSS/TSS) and EPS content of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) in the EPS reactor were approximately equal to that of the control reactor during the anaerobic digestion, illustrating that EPS could not affect the physicochemical properties of AnGS. Therefore, these results suggested that EPS mainly played a role in the form of conductive materials in the anaerobic digestion process. Compared with conductive materials, EPS as biomass conductive materials was not only environmentally friendly and economical but also no secondary pollution.ImportanceCompared with the reported conductive materials, EPS has the potential of biodegradation, electron transfer and no significant secondary pollution. Besides, there are few studies on the utilization of EPS resources, especially the effect of EPS as an additive on anaerobic digestion performance. To clarify whether EPS as conductive materials or carbon source promotes methanogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the influence of EPS as an additive on the methanogenic capacity, physical-chemical properties, microbial community structure and metabolic function of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS), and preliminarily expatiate the influence mechanism of EPS as an additive on methanogenesis. At the meantime, the research is expected to provide new solutions for the improvement of anaerobic digestion performance and disposal of waste mud.
An alternative HIV-1 non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibition mechanism: Targeting the p51 subunit
Authors: Chan Kwok-Fong , Su Chinh Tran-To , Krah Alexander , Phua Ser-Xian , Bond Peter J. , Gan Samuel Ken-En 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHIV drug resistance continues to demand for alternative drug targets. Since Reverse Transcriptase (RT) is unique and critical for the virus life cycle, it is a rational target that is likely to have less off-target effects in humans. Serendipitously, we found two chemical compound scaffolds from the NCI Diversity Set V that inhibited the HIV1- RT catalytic activity. Computational structural analyses and subsequent experimental testing demonstrated that one of the two chemical scaffolds binds to a novel location in the HIV-1 RT p51 subunit, interacting with residue Y183 that has no known association with previously reported drug resistance. This finding leads to the notion of a novel druggable site on p51 for a new class of non-nucleoside RT Inhibitors that may inhibit HIV-1 RT allosterically. Although inhibitory activity was shown experimentally only to be in the hundreds micromolar range, the scaffolds serve as a proof-of-concept of targeting HIV RT p51, with the possibility for medical chemistry methods to be applied to improve the inhibitory activity, towards a functioning drug.