bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells do not reflect skeletal muscle mitochondrial function or adaptation to high-intensity interval training in healthy young men
Authors: Hedges C. P. , Woodhead J. S. T. , Wang H. W. , Mitchell C. J. , Cameron-Smith D. , Hickey A. J. R. , Merry T. L. 
Published: December 2018

Measurement of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration requires invasive biopsy to obtain a muscle sample. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mitochondrial protein content appears to reflect training status in young men; however, no studies have investigated whether there are training-induced changes in PBMC mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, we determined whether PBMC mitochondrial respiration could be used as a marker of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in young healthy men and whether PBMC mitochondrial respiration responds to short-term training. Skeletal muscle and PBMC samples from 10 healthy young (18–35 yr) male participants were taken before and after a 2-wk high-intensity interval training protocol. High-resolution respirometry was used to determine mitochondrial respiration from muscle and PBMCs, and Western blotting and quantitative PCR were used to assess mitochondrial biogenesis in PBMCs. PBMC mitochondrial respiration was not correlated with muscle mitochondrial respiration at baseline ( R2 = 0.012–0.364, P > 0.05). While muscle mitochondrial respiration increased in response to training (32.1–61.5%, P < 0.05), PBMC respiration was not affected by training. Consequently, PBMCs did not predict training effect on muscle mitochondrial respiration ( R2 = 0.024–0.283, P > 0.05). Similarly, gene and protein markers of mitochondrial biogenesis did not increase in PBMCs following training. This suggests PBMC mitochondrial function does not reflect that of skeletal muscle and does not increase following short-term high-intensity training. PBMCs are therefore not a suitable biomarker for muscle mitochondrial function in young healthy men. It may be useful to study PBMC mitochondrial function as a biomarker of muscle mitochondrial function in pathological populations with different respiration capacities. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Research in primates has suggested that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may provide a less-invasive alternative to a muscle biopsy for measuring muscle mitochondrial function. Furthermore, trained individuals appear to have greater mitochondrial content in PBMCs. Here we show that in healthy young men, PBMCs do not reflect skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and do not adapt in response to a training intervention that increases muscle mitochondrial function, suggesting PBMCs are a poor marker of muscle mitochondrial function in humans.
Effects of prostate cancer and exercise training on left ventricular function and cardiac and skeletal muscle mass
Authors: Baumfalk Dryden R. , Opoku-Acheampong Alexander B. , Caldwell Jacob T. , Ade Carl J. , Copp Steven W. , Musch Timothy I. , Behnke Bradley J. 
Published: December 2018

Prostate cancer was found to reduce cardiac and left ventricle (LV) masses in association with diminished exercise capacity in rats. We tested the hypothesis that exercise training will mitigate prostate cancer-induced cardiac and skeletal muscle atrophy and improve LV function versus sedentary tumor-bearing counterparts. Copenhagen rats ( n = 39; ~5 mo old) were randomized into four groups: exercise-trained tumor-bearing (EXTB) or control (EXCON) and sedentary tumor-bearing (SEDTB) or control (SEDCON). Dunning R-3327 prostate cancer cells were injected orthotopically in 19 of the 39 animals. Treadmill exercise training was performed for 60 min/day for ~30 days. Animals underwent echocardiography to examine ventricle dimensions “Pre-” cancer injection or exercise (PRE) and 15 (Post 1) and 32–35 (Post 2) days after cancer cell injection with tissues collected after Post 2. LV TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were measured post mortem. Cardiac and LV mass of SEDTB animals were lower than all groups ( P < 0.05). Tumor mass was negatively correlated with LV mass in EXTB (−0.75, P < 0.02) and SEDTB animals (−0.72, P < 0.02). EXCON group had higher stroke volume Post 2 assessment compared with both sedentary groups ( P < 0.05) but not EXTB animals. No difference in LV [IL-6] or [TNF-α] was found between the cancer groups. The current investigation demonstrates prostate cancer, independent of anticancer treatment, significantly reduces cardiac mass and LV mass as well as locomotor muscle masses. However, moderate-intensity exercise training can mitigate cardiac and skeletal muscle atrophy with prostate cancer and preserve the cardiac phenotype (i.e., mass and function) to that of the healthy sedentary group.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates the atrophic effects of prostate cancer on cardiac and skeletal muscle mass independent of anticancer treatment(s) that can be mitigated with moderate-intensity exercise. These findings have important implications for potentially improving the quality of life as well as therapeutic outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors α and δ Synergizes with Inflammatory Signals to Enhance Adoptive Cell Therapy
Authors: Saibil Samuel D. , St. Paul Michael , Laister Robert C. , Garcia-Batres Carlos R. , Israni-Winger Kavita , Elford Alisha R. , Grimshaw Natasha , Robert-Tissot Céline , Roy Dominic G. , Jones Russell G. , Nguyen Linh T. , Ohashi Pamela S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Memory CD8+ T cells (Tmem) are superior mediators of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) compared with effector CD8+ T cells (Teff) due to increased persistence in vivo. Underpinning Tmem survival is a shift in cellular metabolism away from aerobic glycolysis towards fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Here we investigated the impact of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist GW501516 (GW), an agent known to boost FAO in other tissues, on CD8+ T-cell metabolism, function, and efficacy in a murine ACT model. Via activation of both PPARα and PPARδ/β, GW treatment increased expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a, the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, in activated CD8+ T cells. Using a metabolomics approach, we demonstrated that GW increased the abundance of multiple different acylcarnitines, consistent with enhanced FAO. T cells activated in the presence of GW and inflammatory signals, either mature dendritic cells or IL12, also demonstrated enhanced production of IFNγ and expression of T-bet. Despite high expression of T-bet, a characteristic of short-lived effector cells, GW-treated cells demonstrated enhanced persistence in vivo and superior efficacy in a model of ACT. Collectively, these data identify combined PPARα and PPARδ/β agonists as attractive candidates for further studies and rapid translation into clinical trials of ACT.

Significance:
Dual activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ improves the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy by reprogramming T-cell metabolism and cytokine expression.
Clinical and Genomic Implications of Luminal and Basal Subtypes Across Carcinomas
Authors: Zhao Shuang G. , Chen William S. , Das Rajdeep , Chang S. Laura , Tomlins Scott A. , Chou Jonathan , Quigley David A. , Dang Ha X. , Barnard Travis J. , Mahal Brandon A. , Gibb Ewan A. , Liu Yang , Davicioni Elai , Duska Linda R. , Posadas Edwin M. , Jolly Shruti , Spratt Daniel E. , Nguyen Paul L. , Maher Christopher A. , Small Eric J. , Feng Felix Y. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Carcinomas originate from epithelial tissues, which have apical (luminal) and basal orientations. The degree of luminal versus basal differentiation in cancer has been shown to be biologically important in some carcinomas and impacts treatment response.

Experimental Design:
Although prior studies have focused on individual cancer types, we used a modified clinical-grade classifier (PAM50) to subtype 8,764 tumors across 22 different carcinomas into luminal A, luminal B, and basal-like tumors.

Results:
We found that all epithelial tumors demonstrated similar gene expression–based luminal/basal subtypes. As expected, basal-like tumors were associated with increased expression of the basal markers KRT5/6 and KRT14, and luminal-like tumors were associated with increased expression of the luminal markers KRT20. Luminal A tumors consistently had improved outcomes compared with basal across many tumor types, with luminal B tumors falling between the two. Basal tumors had the highest rates of TP53 and RB1 mutations and copy number loss. Luminal breast, cervical, ovarian, and endometrial tumors had increased ESR1 expression, and luminal prostate, breast, cervical, and bladder tumors had increased androgen receptor (AR) expression. Furthermore, luminal B tumors had the highest rates of AR and ESR1 mutations and had increased sensitivity in vitro to bicalutamide and tamoxifen. Luminal B tumors were more sensitive to gemcitabine, and basal tumors were more sensitive to docetaxel.

Conclusions:
This first pan-carcinoma luminal/basal subtyping across epithelial tumors reveals global similarities across carcinomas in the transcriptome, genome, clinical outcomes, and drug sensitivity, emphasizing the biological and translational importance of these luminal versus basal subtypes.
Shorter Relapse-Free Period after Leukocyte Removal Therapy in Younger than Older Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Yamasaki Satoko , Sakata Yasuhisa , Yoshida Hisako , Shirai Sinpei , Tanaka Yuichiro , Nakano Ryo , Yukimoto Takahiro , Tsuruoka Nanae , Shimoda Ryo , Fukuda Makoto , Miyazono Motoaki , Ikeda Yuji , Iwakiri Ryuichi , Anzai Keizo , Fujimoto Kazuma 
Published: December 2018

Background: Leukocyte removal therapy (LRT) is an effective treatment for active ulcerative colitis (UC). The present study was performed to evaluate the relapse-free period after LRT and identify risk factors for relapse. Methods: In total, 94 patients who underwent first-time LRT for remission of moderate to severe UC from April 2004 to March 2016 were enrolled in the present study. The patients were randomly assigned to one of 2 treatments: leukocytapheresis (LCAP; n = 43) or granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage adsorptive apheresis (GMA; n = 51). The 5-year cumulative relapse-free rate and risk factors for relapse were evaluated. Results: The therapeutic response rate was 82% for GMA and 70% for LCAP without a statistically significant difference. The 5-year relapse-free rate was 34.7% in the LRT group. The 5-year relapse-free rate in patients aged > 40 years was 49.9%, which was significantly higher than that in patients aged ≤40 years (22.9%, p < 0.01). The relapse-free period was longer in the older than younger patients. Conclusions: The relapse-free period after LRT was examined in patients with UC, and 34.7% of patients achieved clinical remission within a 5-year period. The risk factor for early relapse after LRT was younger age.
Sistema de arte e relações de gênero
Authors: Costa Helouise 
Published: December 2018

A ascensão dos regimes totalitários na Europa na década de 1930 provocou grande fluxo imigratório para as Américas. Nesse contexto chegaram ao Brasil as jovens Hildegard Rosenthal e Alice Brill, oriundas da Alemanha, que iriam se dedicar profissionalmente à fotografia nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, respectivamente. O crescimento industrial e urbano do país no pós-guerra expandiu o campo das artes, o que resultou no surgimento dos primeiros museus de arte moderna, da Bienal de São Paulo e no aumento do número de galerias comerciais. Tais mudanças foram registradas por Rosenthal e Brill, que fotografaram artistas, reproduziram obras e documentaram exposições. Este ensaio se propõe a analisarretratos de artistas produzidos por Rosenthal e Brill, refletindo sobre o papel da fotografia na representação da identidade feminina em transformação na sociedade brasileira do período pós-guerra.
S. Bernardo (Graciliano Ramos, 1934) & S. Bernardo (Leon Hirszman, 1972)
Authors: Tomelin Junior Nelson 
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre literatura, história e sentimentos a partir do romance S. Bernardo (1934), de Graciliano Ramos, e da adaptação dessa obra para o cinema por Leon Hirszman (1972). Pretende-se assim discutir dimensões do livro, como reflexão sobre o momento em que ele surgiu (anos 1930, anúncio de “revolução” de 30 e Brasil moderno), e do filme (anos 1970, ditadura civil-militar de 1964 e mais um anúncio do Brasil moderno e sem comunismo). Experiência e ambiguidade, como dimensões constitutivas das narrativas traçadas nessas duas importantes obras da cultura brasileira, são evidenciadas aqui como possibilidades de compreensão do lugar da prática e das memórias em campos históricos marcados por fortes contradições sociais.
Factors Associated With the Improved Survival of Head and Neck Neuroblastomas Compared to Other Body Sites
Authors: Kaufmann Matthew R. , Camilon P. Ryan , Janz Tyler A. , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To examine pediatric neuroblastoma survival and management in the head and neck compared to other body sites. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of a large population database. Methods: Patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with neuroblastoma, NOS; ganglioneuroblastoma; or olfactory neuroblastoma diagnosed from birth to 18 years between 1973 and 2014 were included. These patients were classified into 1 of 3 categories based on primary tumor site: head and neck, adrenal, and “other.” Results: Four thousand five hundred neuroblastoma cases were identified. One hundred seventy-five (3.9%) occurred in the head and neck, 1,934 (43.0%) occurred in the adrenal gland, and 2,391 (53.1%) occurred in “other” sites. The mean age at diagnosis was 4.21 years in the head and neck, 2.23 years in the adrenal gland, and 2.47 years in the “other” cohorts ( P < .001). Two- and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 89% and 84% in the head and neck versus 77% and 65% in the adrenal and 84% and 77% in the “other” cohorts ( P < .001). The risk of disease-specific death (DSD) was higher in the adrenal cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.54-5.27) compared to the head and neck cohort. Patients treated with surgery only had the lowest risk of DSD (aHR = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13-0.35) compared to all other studied treatments. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that primary neuroblastoma of the head and neck has a better prognosis than primary neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland.
Extractivist Geographies: Mining and Development in Late-Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth-Century Peru
Authors: Himley Matthew 
Published: December 2018

In Peru, development dreams have not infrequently been hitched to the expansion of mining and other extractive activities. While the Peruvian state pursued strategies to stimulate mining expansion during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the geography of capitalist mining that emerged mapped poorly onto the national development imaginaries of the country’s elites. State-led efforts to mobilize subsurface resources in the service of national-level development conflicted with the tendency for extractive economies to exhibit uneven and discontinuous spatialities. Attention to the long-run unevenness of extractive investment in global resource frontiers such as Peru promises to deepen understandings of both world environmental history and the contemporary politics of resource extractivism. En el Perú, los sueños de desarrollo han sido enganchados con frecuencia a la expansión de la minería y otras actividades extractivas. Mientras que el estado peruano siguió estrategias para estimular la expansión minera a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX, la geografía de la minería capitalista que surgió no se proyectó bien en los imaginarios de desarrollo nacional de las élites del país. Los esfuerzos dirigidos por el estado para movilizar los recursos del subsuelo al servicio del desarrollo a nivel nacional contradijeron la tendencia de las economías extractivas a mostrar espacialidades desparejas y discontinuas. La atención al carácter desparejo a largo plazo de la inversión extractiva en las fronteras de recursos globales, como Perú, promete profundizar el entendimiento tanto de la historia ambiental mundial como de la política contemporánea del extractivismo de recursos.
Interaction between time organization and participation dimensions among higher education students
Authors: Porath Merav , Rosenblum Sara 
Published: December 2018

Introduction In today's academic world, higher education students from all study areas are expected to simultaneously cope with a variety of assignments, which increases stress levels. This tension may affect productivity, health and quality of life. Hence, it is important for students to adopt effective time organization and management techniques. This study aims to characterize time organization and participation dimensions, and the relationships between those dimensions among undergraduate students. Method The research sample consisted of 60 undergraduate students who completed several questionnaires: demographic, time organization and participation scales assessing daily time organization; an occupational questionnaire; and additional questions for assessing further daily participation dimensions that are unique to students. Results Time-organization ability related to and maintained a predictive relationship with individual daily participation aspects. Particularly, academic and daily routine constituted a majority (44%) of the students' time. Regression analysis indicated that the way the students' daily activities were organized in terms of time use explained between 12% and 18% of the variance of daily participation dimensions as performance, enjoyment and motivation levels. Conclusion Time-organization abilities significantly affected students' participation dimensions. Further research is recommended to help develop an assessment and intervention programme suiting student needs and enhancing their productivity potential and wellbeing.
The Role of Calcaneofibular Ligament Injury in Ankle Instability: Implications for Surgical Management
Authors: Hunt Kenneth J. , Pereira Helder , Kelley Judas , Anderson Nicholas , Fuld Richard , Baldini Todd , Kumparatana Pam , D’Hooghe Pieter 
Published: December 2018

Background: Acute inversion ankle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries. Higher grade sprains, including anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) injury, can be particularly challenging. The precise effect of CFL injury on ankle instability is unclear. Hypothesis: CFL injury will result in decreased stiffness, decreased peak torque, and increased talar and calcaneal motion and will alter ankle contact mechanics when compared with the uninjured ankle and the ATFL-only injured ankle in a cadaveric model. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Ten matched pairs of cadaver specimens with a pressure sensor in the ankle joint and motion trackers on the fibula, talus, and calcaneus were mounted on a material testing system with 20° of ankle plantarflexion and 15° of internal rotation. Intact specimens were axially loaded to body weight and then underwent inversion along the anatomic axis of the ankle from 0° to 20°. The ATFL and CFL were sequentially sectioned and underwent inversion testing for each condition. Linear mixed models were used to determine significance for stiffness, peak torque, peak pressure, contact area, and inversion angles of the talus and calcaneus relative to the fibula across the 3 conditions. Results: Stiffness and peak torque did not significantly decrease after sectioning of the ATFL but decreased significantly after sectioning of the CFL. Peak pressures in the tibiotalar joint decreased and mean contact area increased significantly after CFL release. Significantly more inversion of the talus and calcaneus as well as calcaneal medial displacement was seen with weightbearing inversion after sectioning of the CFL. Conclusion: The CFL contributes considerably to lateral ankle instability. Higher grade sprains that include CFL injury result in significant decreases in rotation stiffness and peak torque, substantial alteration of contact mechanics at the ankle joint, increased inversion of the talus and calcaneus, and increased medial displacement of the calcaneus. Clinical Relevance: Repair of an injured CFL should be considered during lateral ligament reconstruction, and there may be a role for early repair in high-grade injuries to avoid intermediate and long-term consequences of a loose or incompetent CFL.
An Objective Method for Evaluating Next-Generation Sequencing Panels
Authors: Angione Kaitlin , Gibbons Melissa , Demarest Scott 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: Next-generation sequencing panels are particularly useful in identifying genetic diagnoses in patients with nonspecific clinical findings by allowing for analysis of many genes at once. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, objective system to evaluate the quality of available next-generation sequencing panels. Methods: A list of potentially important features of next-generation sequencing panels generated from the literature was evaluated for accessibility and objectivity and distilled to a “core” set of quality features. This was then applied to a clinical setting using the example of epilepsy panels. Panels at 8 laboratories were rated based on several objective measures to create a scoring system that differentiated between labs in a clinically meaningful way. Results: There was substantial variability in 6 “core” test criteria, allowing for creation of a scoring system that clearly distinguished labs based on identified strengths and weaknesses of each panel. Conclusion: We have demonstrated an objective method for comparing next-generation sequencing panels that can be applied or adapted to any clinical phenotype for which genetic testing is available. This method offers an unbiased approach to determining the ideal test for a given indication at a given time.