bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Facile Solution‐Processed Light Manipulation Structure for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jing‐De , Wang Shu , Sun Qi , Li Yan‐Qing , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLight manipulation strategy plays a critical role in increasing the light harvesting of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the incorporation of light manipulation structures in OSCs is usually hindered by complex lithography‐based techniques. Herein, a facile and solution‐processed structured ZnO film is proposed, consisting of ZnO colloidal spheres (CS) embedded in ZnO nanoparticles for broadband light scattering and antireflection in OSCs. By combining monodisperse ZnO CS (m‐ZnO) as an electron collection layer and polydisperse ZnO CS (p‐ZnO) as an antireflection layer, single‐junction OSCs yield a substantial increase in photocurrent and power conversion efficiency by 14.63% compared to the reference cell with a flat structure. The experimental and theoretical characterizations ascribe the performance enhancement to the enhanced absorption due to a synergetic interplay of p‐ZnO‐induced antireflection and surface plasmonic scattering excited by corrugated metal electrode. It is anticipated that this light manipulation method represents a facile yet cost‐effective route to achieving high‐efficiency OSCs for commercially viable photovoltaic applications.
Vapor‐Phase Growth of CsPbBr3 Microstructures for Highly Efficient Pure Green Light Emission
Authors: Lan Shangui , Li Wancai , Wang Shuai , Li Junze , Wang Jun , Wang Haizhen , Luo Hongmei , Li Dehui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAll‐inorganic lead halide perovskites have been extensively studied in the past several years due to their superior stability against moisture, oxygen, light, and heat compared with their organic–inorganic counterparts. CsPbBr3 with suitable band gap and ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield is a promising candidate for pure green emitter in the backlighting display to fill the so‐called “green gap.” Here, vapor‐phase growth of CsPbBr3 microspheres is reported for highly efficient pure green light emission. The as‐synthesized microspheres exhibit a stronger photoluminescence (PL) intensity with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 75% resulting from the lower energy of longitudinal optical phonons revealed by temperature dependent PL studies. Importantly, with the diameter increasing from 2 to 50 µm the PL peak positions of the microspheres can be readily tuned from 527 to 539 nm, well filling the so‐called “green gap.” The red‐shift with increasing diameter can be ascribed to the reabsorption process during the photon propagation inside the microspheres. The studies provide a route to improve the photoluminescence quantum yield in all‐inorganic lead halide perovskites, but also suggest an alternative approach to achieve the pure green emission for the backlighting display.
Rational Molecular Engineering of Glutamate Dehydrogenases for Enhancing Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Bulky α‐Keto Acids
Authors: Yin Xinjian , Liu Yayun , Meng Lijun , Zhou Haisheng , Wu Jianping , Yang Lirong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGlutamate dehydrogenases (GluDHs) are promising biocatalysts for the synthesis of chiral α‐amino acids by asymmetric reductive amination of α‐keto acids. However, their strict substrate specificity limits their applications. To address this problem, we developed a molecular engineering method for GluDHs that enhances the asymmetric reductive amination of bulky α‐keto acids. Based on rational design, a “cave” located in the active site pocket of PpGluDH (GluDH from Pseudomonas putida), which plays an essential role in substrate recognition, was tailored to facilitate the accepting of bulky substrates. Two mutants (A167G and V378A) were discovered to have significantly enhanced catalytic activity toward 2‐oxo‐4‐[(hydroxy)(methyl)phosphinyl]butyric acid (PPO) and several other bulky substrates. This molecular engineering method was then applied to ten other GluDHs from different sources and with different properties. All engineered GluDHs acquired substantial improvements in PPO‐oriented catalytic activity. The most efficient mutant of NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)‐specific GluDHs showed up to 1820‐fold increased activity and the specific activity reached 111.02 U/mg‐protein. The NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)‐specific GluDHs, which have no detectable wild type activity toward PPO, acquired a considerable level of activity (1.90–29.48 U/mg‐protein). In batch production of L‐phosphinothricin, these “cave‐tailored” GluDHs exhibited markedly improved catalytic efficiencies compared with their wild types and ee values of >99%. The space‐time yields (STY) varied from 818.16 to 1482.96 g ⋅ L−1 ⋅ d−1, suggesting potential practical applications of these mutants.magnified image
Simulating Transport of Soft Matter in Micro/Nano Channel Flows with Dissipative Particle Dynamics
Authors: Xu Ziyang , Yang Ye , Zhu Guolong , Chen Pengyu , Huang Zihan , Dai Xiaobin , Hou Cuiling , Yan Li‐Tang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe flow‐induced transport of various soft matter systems through a fluidic channel has recently attracted great interest due to its significance ranging from the understanding of several chemical and biological processes to potential industrial and technical applications. Dynamic simulation and modeling can yield an insight into the detailed conformational, dynamical, and transport properties of soft matter systems, which is necessary to understand the transport properties of biological macromolecules in living organisms. As a mesoscopic particles‐based simulation technique, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) has quickly been adopted as a promising approach for simulating dynamic and rheological properties of simple and complex fluids as well as the events taking place inside the fluidic channels. Here, the DPD method widely used in predicting the channel flow containing various soft matter systems is reviewed. The general aspect and basic formulations of DPD are introduced, and different boundary conditions are presented for wall‐bounded flows. In addition, the models based on DPD developed to simulate flow‐induced transport through fluidic channels for some typical soft matter systems are discussed, including red blood cells, vesicles, polymers, and biomacromolecules. Finally, the future directions to signify the framework in enhancing the design of novel functional systems and beyond are discussed.
Large‐Area All‐Printed Temperature Sensing Surfaces Using Novel Composite Thermistor Materials
Authors: Katerinopoulou Dimitra , Zalar Peter , Sweelssen Jorgen , Kiriakidis George , Rentrop Corné , Groen Pim , Gelinck Gerwin H. , van den Brand Jeroen , Smits Edsger C. P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSurfaces which can accurately distinguish spatial and temporal changes in temperature are critical for not only flow sensors, microbolometers, process control, but also future applications like electronic skins and soft robotics. Realizing such surfaces requires the deposition of thousands of thermal sensors over large areas, a task ideally suited for printing technologies. Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) ceramics represent the industry standard in temperature sensing due to their high thermal coefficient and excellent stability. A drawback is their complex and high temperature fabrication process and high stiffness, prohibiting their monolithic integration in large area or flexible applications. As a remedy, a printable NTC composite that combines a rapid and scalable all‐printed fabrication process with performances that are on par with conventional NTC ceramics is demonstrated. The composite consists of micrometer‐sized manganese spinel oxide particles dispersed in a benzocyclobutene matrix. The sensor has a B coefficient of 3500 K, with a 4.0% change in resistance at 25 °C, comparable to bulk ceramics. The selected polymer binder yields a composite exhibiting less than a 1 °C change in resistance to changes in humidity. The sensor's scalability is validated by demonstration of a A4‐sized temperature sensing sheet consisting of over 400 sensors.
Hierarchically Structured Ultraporous Iridium‐Based Materials: A Novel Catalyst Architecture for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Faustini Marco , Giraud Marion , Jones Deborah , Rozière Jacques , Dupont Marc , Porter Thomas R. , Nowak Sophie , Bahri Mounib , Ersen Ovidiu , Sanchez Clément , Boissière Cédric , Tard Cédric , Peron Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIridium oxide is the gold‐standard catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media due to its unmatched activity and stability. Here, a new catalyst architecture comprising a nanoneedle network of iridium‐containing oxides assembled into macroporous micrometric particles with ≈75% of porosity is reported. The rationally designed porous hierarchical structure optimizes the accessibility of reactants and products to the surface of the nanoparticles and maximizes catalyst activity. The materials are easily prepared from aqueous solutions by an industrially viable spray‐drying route through an evaporation self‐assembly mechanism. The versatility of the process enables the preparation of mixed oxides with low iridium content, particles with tunable crystallinity, and various iridium surface species with high electrochemical activity. Highly porous Ir0.7Ru0.3O2 outperforms commercial iridium oxide. These materials also represent an ideal platform to assess the reactivity of the iridium and oxygen species involved in the oxygen evolution reaction. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that these highly porous particles are optimal building blocks to be integrated into catalyst layers, without the drawbacks associated with the use of discrete nanoparticles. Fresh‐ and end‐of‐test membrane–electrode assemblies' characterization shows that their particular architecture is preserved upon catalyst layer preparation and after operation in a proton‐exchange membrane electrolysis cell.
Two‐Step Activated Carbon Cloth with Oxygen‐Rich Functional Groups as a High‐Performance Additive‐Free Air Electrode for Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Kordek Karolina , Jiang Lixue , Fan Kaicai , Zhu Zhengju , Xu Li , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Dou Yuhai , Chen Shan , Liu Porun , Yin Huajie , Rutkowski Piotr , Zhao Huijun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA flexible air electrode (FAE) with both high oxygen electrocatalytic activity and excellent flexibility is the key to the performance of various flexible devices, such as Zn–air batteries. A facile two‐step method, mild acid oxidation followed by air calcination that directly activates commercial carbon cloth (CC) to generate uniform nanoporous and super hydrophilic surface structures with optimized oxygen‐rich functional groups and an enhanced surface area, is presented here. Impressively, this two‐step activated CC (CC‐AC) exhibits superior oxygen electrocatalytic activity and durability, outperforming the oxygen‐doped carbon materials reported to date. Especially, CC‐AC delivers an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential of 360 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, which is among the best performances of metal‐free OER electrocatalysts. The practical application of CC‐AC is presented via its use as an FAE in a flexible rechargeable Zn–air battery. The bendable battery achieves a high open circuit voltage of 1.37 V, a remarkable peak power density of 52.3 mW cm−3 at 77.5 mA cm−3, good cycling performance with a small charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.98 V and high flexibility. This study provides a new approach to the design and construction of high‐performance self‐supported metal‐free electrodes.
Spectral Engineering of Semitransparent Polymer Solar Cells for Greenhouse Applications
Authors: Shi Hui , Xia Ruoxi , Zhang Guichuan , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cao Yong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, a wavelength selective semitransparent polymer solar cell (ST‐PSC) with a proper transmission spectrum for plant growth is proposed for greenhouse applications. A ternary strategy combining a wide bandgap polymer donor with a near‐infrared absorbing nonfullerene acceptor and a high electron mobility fullerene acceptor is introduced to achieve PSCs with power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 10%. The addition of PC71BM into J52:IEICO‐4F binary blend contributes to the suppressed trap‐assisted recombination, enhanced charge extraction, and improved open‐circuit voltage simultaneously. ST‐PSC based on the J52:IEICO‐4F:PC71BM ternary blend shows an optimized performance with PCE of 7.75% and a defined crop growth factor of 24.8%. Such high‐performance ST‐PSC is achieved by carefully engineering the absorption spectrum of the light harvesting materials. As a result, the transmission spectra of the semitransparent devices are well‐matched with the absorption spectra of the photoreceptors, such as chlorophylls, in green plants, which provides adequate lighting conditions for photosynthesis and plant growth, and therefore making it a competitive candidate for photovoltaic greenhouse applications.
Coaching for Chaos: A Qualitative Study of Instructional Methods for Multipatient Management in the Emergency Department
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Van Dewark Kenneth , Sherbino Jonathan , Lineberry Matthew 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundBusy environments, like the emergency department (ED), require teachers to develop instructional strategies for coaching trainees to function within these same environments. Few studies have documented the strategies used by emergency physician (EP)‐teachers within these busy, chaotic environments, instead emphasizing teaching in more predictable environments such as the outpatient clinic, hospital wards, or operating room. The authors sought to discover what strategies EP‐teachers were using and what trainees recalled experiencing when learning to handle these unpredictable, overcrowded, complex, multipatient environments.MethodAn interpretive description study was conducted at multiple teaching hospitals affiliated with McMaster University from July 2014 to May 2015. Participants (10 EP‐teachers and 10 junior residents) were asked to recall teaching strategies related to handling ED patient flow. Participants were asked to describe techniques that they used, observed, or experienced as trainees. Two independent coders read through interview transcripts, analyzing these documents inductively and iteratively.ResultsTwo main types of strategies to teach ED management were discovered: 1) workplace‐based methods, including both observation and in situ instruction; and 2) principle‐based advice. The most often described techniques were workplace‐based methods, which included a variety of in situ techniques ranging from conversations to managerial coaching (e.g., collaborative problem‐solving of real‐life administrative dilemmas).ConclusionsA mix of strategies are used to teach and coach trainees to handle multipatient environments. Further research is required to determine how to optimize the use of these techniques and innovate new strategies to support the learning of these crucial skills.
Geophagy among nonhuman primates: A systematic review of current knowledge and suggestions for future directions
Authors: Pebsworth Paula A. , Huffman Michael A. , Lambert Joanna E. , Young Sera L. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesGeophagy, the intentional consumption of earth, is widely practiced among humans and other mammals, but its causes are not well understood. Given the growing number of reports of geophagy among nonhuman primates (NHP), we sought to (1) advance and codify our understanding of the patterns and functional and evolutionary significance of geophagy among NHP and (2) provide a research agenda for a more unified approach to its study.MethodsWe systematically reviewed all available literature on NHP geophagy, extracted available data on taxa, geography, climate, diet, sex, age‐class, reproductive status, and the characteristics of the earth. We used these data to evaluate three major hypotheses about geophagy, that it is protective, provides mineral supplementation, and is nonadaptive.ResultsWe identified 287 accounts of geophagy among 136 species, adding 79 new primate species to the list of those considered in prior reviews. Nineteen percent of species were in the suborder Strepsirrhini, while 81% were in the suborder Haplorrhini. There were reports of geophagy from 9 of the 17 families and 39 of the 76 genera currently recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.DiscussionThe limited evidence suggests that geophagy is adaptive, and provides protection and mineral supplementation. We specify the behavioral, dietary, and soil data required to more rigorously investigate these hypotheses across representative species of all taxonomic groups, geographical regions, and dietary classification. Given the plausibility of geophagy for maintaining the health of both wild and captive populations, we urge further study and conservation of geophagy sites.
Genetic contributions to dental dimensions in brown‐mantled tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Hardin Anna M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe use of dental metrics in phylogenetic reconstructions of fossil primates assumes variation in tooth size is highly heritable. Quantitative genetic studies in humans and baboons have estimated high heritabilities for dental traits, providing a preliminary view of the variability of dental trait heritability in nonhuman primate species. To expand upon this view, the heritabilities and evolvabilities of linear dental dimensions are estimated in brown‐mantled tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).Materials and methodsQuantitative genetic analyses were performed on linear dental dimensions collected from 302 brown‐mantled tamarins and 364 rhesus macaques. Heritabilities were estimated in SOLAR using pedigrees from each population, and evolvabilities were calculated manually.ResultsTamarin heritability estimates range from 0.19 to 0.99, and 25 of 26 tamarin estimates are significantly different from zero. Macaque heritability estimates range from 0.08 to 1.00, and 25 out of 28 estimates are significantly different from zero.DiscussionDental dimensions are highly heritable in captive brown‐mantled tamarins and free‐ranging rhesus macaques. The range of heritability estimates in these populations is broadly similar to those of baboons and humans. Evolvability tends to increase with heritability, although evolvability is high relative to heritability in some dimensions. Estimating evolvability helps to contextualize differences in heritability, and the observed relationship between evolvability and heritability in dental dimensions requires further investigation.
Opioid analgesic use and patient‐reported pain outcomes after rhinologic surgery
Authors: Riley Charles A. , Kim Matthew , Sclafani Anthony P. , Kallush Aron , Kjaer Klaus , Kacker Ashutosh S. , Tabaee Abtin 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundOpioid‐based analgesics are routinely prescribed after elective rhinologic surgery. Balancing appropriate pain management while avoiding overprescription necessitates an evidence‐based approach.MethodsPatients undergoing elective rhinologic surgery, including endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), septoplasty, or ESS with septoplasty, were prospectively enrolled. Patients completed demographic and psychometric questionnaires assessing attitudes toward pain, baseline anxiety, and depression before surgery. Postoperatively, patients documented peak pain levels (0‐100 visual analog scale) and daily prescription and nonprescription medication requirements over a 2‐week period.ResultsOf the 42 patients enrolled, 15 underwent ESS, 14 septoplasty, and 13 ESS with septoplasty. Five patients (11.9%) reported a history of chronic pain before surgery. Patients were given a median of 30 opioid pain pills after surgery: acetaminophen with codeine 325/30 mg (10 patients) or oxycodone with acetaminophen 5/325 mg (32 patients). Patients had a median of 27 pills left over at the end of the study period. Median peak pain levels for all procedures were 22 (range, 0‐94) on day 0, 26.5 (range, 0‐86) on day 1, 8.5 (range, 0‐85) on day 3, and 3 (range, 0‐52) on day 7. Median opioid requirements measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) over those same days were 6.0, 4.1, 0, and 0, respectively.ConclusionPostoperative pain after elective rhinologic surgery appears to peak over the first 3 days and decreases rapidly afterward. Most patients require a few doses of opioid analgesics. Opioid requirements and pain levels did not vary based on surgeon, type and extent of surgery, and demographic factors. Judicious prescribing of opioid medication after rhinologic surgery represents a practical opportunity for rhinologists and otolaryngologists to reduce opioid overprescription and abuse.
Die effektive Konjugationslänge ist für die spektrale Verschiebung im rot/grün schaltenden Cyanobakteriochrom Slr1393g3 verantwortlich
Authors: Wiebeler Christian , Rao Aditya G. , Gärtner Wolfgang , Schapiro Igor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDer Ursprung der spektralen Verschiebung in dem von rot zu grün schaltenden Cyanobakteriochrom Slr1393g3 wurde durch Verwendung von kombinierten quantenmechanischen/molekularmechanischen Simulationen identifiziert. Dieses Protein, das mit klassischen Phytochromen verwandt ist, trägt das offenkettige Tetrapyrrolderivat Phycocyanobilin als Chromophor. Unsere Rechnungen zeigen, dass die effektive Konjugationslänge im Chromophor nach Isomerisierung von rot‐ zu grün‐absorbierender Form kürzer wird. Dies ist durch das Ausmaß der Planarität im gesamten Chromophor bedingt. Große Verdrillungen finden sich für die terminalen Pyrrol‐Ringe A und D. Interessanterweise trägt der D‐Ring stärker zur Farbabstimmung des Photoprodukts bei, obwohl die Verdrillung des A‐Rings größer wird. Da unsere Rechnungen zeigen, dass es bevorzugt die Verdrillung des D‐Rings ist, die die Absorption des Photoprodukts reguliert, können Mutationen vorgeschlagen werden, die die D‐Ring‐Verdrillung beeinflussen, um zu einer vorhersagbaren Absorption des Photoprodukts zu gelangen und somit Cyanobakteriochrome für biotechnologische Anwendungen wie Optogenetik und Bioimaging, maßzuschneidern.
Photoactivated Colibactin Probes Induce Cellular DNA Damage
Authors: Moodie Lindon W. K. , Hubert Madlen , Zhou Xin , Albers Michael F. , Lundmark Richard , Wanrooij Sjoerd , Hedberg Christian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractColibactin is a small molecule produced by certain bacterial species of the human microbiota that harbour the pks genomic island. Pks+ bacteria induce a genotoxic phenotype in eukaryotic cells and have been linked with colorectal cancer progression. Colibactin is produced in a benign, prodrug form which, prior to export, is enzymatically matured by the producing bacteria to its active form. Although the complete structure of colibactin has not been determined, key structural features have been described including an electrophilic cyclopropane motif, which is believed to alkylate DNA. To investigate the influence of the putative “warhead” and the prodrug strategy on genotoxicity, a series of photolabile colibactin probes were prepared that upon irradiation induced a pks+ like phenotype in HeLa cells. Furthermore, results from DNA cross‐linking and imaging studies of clickable analogues enforce the hypothesis that colibactin effects its genotoxicity by directly targeting DNA.