bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Stackable and Scalable Binary Ovonic Threshold Switch Devices with Excellent Thermal Stability and Low Leakage Current for High‐Density Cross‐Point Memory Applications
Authors: Yoo Jongmyung , Kim Seong Hun , Chekol Solomon Amsalu , Park Jaehyuk , Sung Changhyuck , Song Jeonghwan , Lee Donghwa , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of selector devices is essential for the implementation of dense memory arrays. Ovonic threshold switch (OTS) devices have gained interest as high‐performance selectors, but their material complexity and low thermal stability remain concerns. The effect of element compositions and its types on binary telluride‐based OTS are investigated to develop selectors that meet the simple material composition and high thermal stability requirements while ensuring low OFF‐state leakage current (IOFF). Through a careful control of Te composition in binary tellurides, binary OTS devices with low IOFF (≈5 nA) and fast switching speed (<10 ns) are obtained. In addition, high endurance (108) and thermal stability (450 °C) are achieved by adopting tellurides including small elements. The high thermal stability of the developed OTS devices results from the strong covalent bonds between Te and small elements that prevent crystallization of the tellurides, which is revealed by performing first‐principles calculations. The binary OTS are also compatible with a 3D stacking technology, which is confirmed by fabricating a 3D B‐Te‐based device that shows good OTS characteristics. In addition, the OTS device successfully suppresses the leakage current in half‐selected cells when it is integrated with a resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device.
Breakage of wet flexible fiber agglomerates impacting a plane
Authors: Yang Jiecheng , Bello Liliana , Buettner Kevin , Guo Yu , Wassgren Carl , Curtis Jennifer S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe breakage of an agglomerate of wet flexible fibers impacting a plane is computationally investigated in this work using the discrete element method. In the agglomerate, the fibers stick together due to cohesive liquid bridge forces. Agglomerate breakage with various impact conditions, initial configurations, fiber properties, and liquid bridge properties is systematically investigated. The degree of breakage is governed by the impact energy, the cohesion energy due to liquid bridges, the energy dissipation/absorption through fiber–fiber contacts and fiber deformation, and the efficiency of force transmission within the agglomerate. More specifically, breakage is promoted by increasing impact velocity, decreasing agglomerate size, increasing initial compaction, increasing fiber bending modulus, decreasing liquid surface tension, and decreasing liquid‐to‐solid volume ratio. Breakage is strongly dependent on the modified Weber number, that is, the ratio of the Weber number to a dimensionless rupture distance, which is a measure of the impact energy relative to the cohesion energy.
Ein sehr starkes Methylierungsmittel: [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)4]
Authors: Hämmerling Sebastian , Thiele Günther , Steinhauer Simon , Beckers Helmut , Müller Carsten , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDas neue Chloroniumsalz [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)4] lässt sich in einer einfachen Eintopfreaktion in Grammmengen darstellen, und das isolierte Produkt als ein bei Raumtemperatur handhabbares, starkes und elektrophiles Methylierungsmittel nutzen. Dies wird am Beispiel der schwach basischen Moleküle P(CF3)3, PF3, MeI und MeBr demonstriert.
Crosslink network and phenyl content on the optical, hardness, and thermal aging of PDMS LED encapsulant
Authors: Lay Makara , Ramli Mohamad Riduwan , Ramli Rafiza , Mang Ng Chee , Ahmad Zulkifli 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis work aims to synthesize new series of polysiloxane copolymer through hydrosilylation reaction based on different level of crosslink densities and phenyl content. The results revealed that polysiloxanes resins with phenyl rings increased viscosity up to 3800 cps while displaying a relatively high refractive index of 1.531. The asymmetric phenyl substitution onto chain backbone led to formation of densely packed structure resulting in reduced water absorption and gas permeability of PDMS resins. High level of crosslinking contributed to a high shore A hardness and adhesion strength. It displayed transparency of 97% whose percentage reduction was 1.6% under thermal and 0.6% UV aging. No obvious discoloration was observed during accelerated thermal aging up to 210 min at 80 °C. These results are key attributes that make the synthesized polysiloxane series as ideal candidate for high brightness LED encapsulant. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47895.
Status of giant clam resources around Okinawa‐jima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan
Authors: Neo Mei Lin , Lim Kah Kheng , Yang Sung‐Yin , Soong Giun Yee , Masucci Giovanni D. , Biondi Piera , Wee Hin Boo , Kise Hiroki , Reimer James D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Giant clams provide and support valuable functions to coral reefs, as well as represent a sustainable resource for traditional fisheries throughout the Indo‐Pacific region. The Ryukyu Archipelago (southern Japan) is known to be the northern latitudinal limits of giant clam distribution, but there is only limited information in the literature regarding species diversity, status, and distribution in this region.
In this study, we report findings from a rapid survey in 2016, the first of its kind for the Ryukyu Islands, to determine species distribution and abundance of giant clams (tridacnines) around Okinawa‐jima Island.
Results indicate the presence of four species with an overall density of 5.03 per 100 m2, from most to least abundant: Tridacna crocea, Tridacna maxima, Tridacna squamosa, and Tridacna noae. The previously reported species Tridacna gigas and Hippopus hippopus were both absent from the surveys. The densities and distributions of tridacnines varied among species and sites, which are likely attributable to efforts in replenishing and protecting stocks of selected species.
The most abundant species, T. crocea, is an important fishery species in Okinawa, and has been widely cultured and restocked to augment depleted populations. In comparison, restocking efforts for less popular species, such as T. squamosa, have been limited, and their current sizes and numbers suggest recruitment constraints.
Given the importance of the giant clam fishery in this region and the current declines of various species (except T. crocea), further regulations should focus on the protection of larger and mature clams that function as broodstock necessary to maintain spawning and natural recruitment.
Saltmarsh conservation through inventory, biogeographic analysis and predictions of change: Case of Tasmania, south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Prahalad Vishnu , Kirkpatrick Jamie B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Effective conservation of saltmarshes involves detailed and accurate mapping of their range, area of occupancy and plant community composition as part of region‐wide inventories. There is also a need to identify the major mesoscale influences on the distributions of types of saltmarsh, obligate saltmarsh plants and salt pans, and evaluate possible responses to macroclimatic changes.
Tidal saltmarshes of Tasmania and its offshore islands (coastline of 4,882 km, spanning latitudes 39°40′ to 43°40′S), off south‐eastern Australia, were mapped at a high spatial resolution of 1 : 500–1 : 3,000. The distributions of types of saltmarsh, obligate plant taxa and salt pans were related to climatic, geomorphic and land‐use variation. The future distribution of climatically controlled species and communities was determined for two climate change scenarios.
There was 58.6 km2 of tidal saltmarsh in Tasmania in 61 mesoscale complexes. The complexes were classified into three broad saltmarsh groups, which together offer a more ecologically relevant planning unit for saltmarsh conservation than macroscale bioregions. The small median patch size of 0.2 ha demonstrates the effectiveness of the manual interpretation and mapping with extensive field checking. Mapping of these smaller saltmarshes provides them recognition within the land use planning and approvals process.
Climatic, but not geomorphic and land‐use, factors have strong effects on the distribution of saltmarsh plant communities, species and salt pans in Tasmania. Mean annual rainfall was most significant in predicting saltmarsh extent, range, plant community composition, salt pans and the three saltmarsh groups. Mean annual daily minimum temperature and saltmarsh area best predicted obligate plant distributions.
Projected wetter and drier climatic change by 2100 is not expected to substantially alter macroscale plant community patterns but may reduce the range of the rare herb Wilsonia humilis R.Br. However, stochastic disturbances may continue to play an important role at local scales.
The importance of riparian subtropical lucidophyllous forest to odonate conservation
Authors: Sakai Masaru , Suda Shin‐ichi , Okeda Taichi , Nomura Ryosuke , Washitani Izumi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlossy, broad‐leaved, evergreen (lucidophyllous) forests are found mainly in humid subtropical regions of East Asia and are recognized as a biodiverse biome harbouring numerous endemic species. To date, however, few studies have considered the conservation importance of rivers draining these unique environments. In this study, lotic Odonata were used as indicators to examine factors affecting riparian forest–stream linkages in a lucidophyllous forest in south‐western Japan.Lotic odonates of 10 species, including seven endemic species, and their habitats were studied along 30 stream reaches with varying environmental characteristics.Odonate species richness was greatest in shadier reaches as well as in heterogeneous locations in larger streams. In contrast, larger streams modified by channel enlargement for flood control had few or no odonate species.Protecting larger streams with less human impact and streams in dense riparian forest are the best options for conserving lotic odonates and their habitats in this globally unique forest type.
Biochemical characterization reveals the functional divergence of two tropinone reductases from Przewalskia tangutica
Authors: Wu Nianyang , Jian Dongqin , Xiang Min , Chen Min , Lan Xiaozhong , Liao Zhihua , Liu Xiaoqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrzewalskia tangutica is a traditional medicinal plant from Tibet used for the analgesic effect from the tropane alkaloids (TAs) produced by the plant. Its roots have the highest yield of hyoscyamine in all plant species and so have been overharvested becoming an endangered medicinal plant species. Metabolic engineering is a good way to improve the yield of TAs in plants. In our study, two functionally distinct tropinone reductases genes, PtTRI and PtTRII, were cloned from P. tangutica and the functional divergence were characterized. The enzyme kinetics of PtTRI and PtTRII were investigated. The phylogenetic analysis classified them into different clades: PtTRI and PtTRII were in the clade of tropine‐forming reductase and pseudotropine‐forming reductase, respectively. We found PtTRI to be expressed in the roots but less in leaves, whereas PtTRII was expressed in the roots at higher levels than in the leaves. The kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax, and Kcat) were analyzed using purified recombinant enzymes at their optimum pH. Enzymatic analysis results showed that tropinone is a better substrate for PtTRII compared with PtTRI, suggesting that PtTRII might be a potential gene target for TA biosynthesis engineering. Compared with the reported TRIs, PtTRI exhibited a higher affinity for tropinone.
Development of cost models of algae production in a cold climate using different production systems
Authors: Pankratz Stan , Oyedun Adetoyese O. , Kumar Amit 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch into the potential use of microalgae to produce biofuels is receiving significant attention. In the cold climates of countries like Canada, algae cultivation in open raceway pond (ORP) systems is limited to a short period of the year when pond surface water temperatures and ambient light conditions enable optimal culture growth. In this study we develop techno‐economic assessment models to predict, evaluate, and compare the techno‐economic results from three autotrophic algae cultivation scenarios to produce algae biomass. The first is a modeled ORP site located in the southern USA, which has a minimum biomass selling price (MBSP) for algae of $541 tonne−1 (T−1). The second scenario models an identical ORP system co‐located at a site near Fort Saskatchewan, a northern city in the province of Alberta, Canada. The resulting MBSP is $1288 T−1. A third scenario models a photobioreactor (PBR) cultivation system co‐located at the same northern Alberta site and shows algae production with an MBSP of $550 T−1. Each system is scaled to produce 2000 T day−1 ash‐free dry weight (AFDE) algae biomass. The study concludes that PBR systems deployed at this scale have the potential to reduce production costs significantly ($ T−1) compared to similarly sited ORP systems in Canada, despite climatic factors and high initial capital costs associated with PBR construction. Furthermore, the modeled PBR system required 0.3% of the water required by the ORP cultivation platforms (153 × 103 versus 59 527 × 103 m3) and 0.04% of the land (32 versus. 82 038 ha). © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effects of by‐products of fermentation of banana pseudostem on ethanol separation by pervaporation
Authors: Linzmeyer Poliana , Ramlow Heloisa , Souza Ozair , Sellin Noeli , Marangoni Cintia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this work, we performed recovery of ethanol from a fermentation broth of banana pseudostem by pervaporation (PV) as a lower‐energy‐cost alternative to traditional separation processes such as distillation. As real fermentation systems generally contain by‐products, it was investigated the effects of different components from the fermentation broth of banana pseudostem on PV performance for ethanol recovery through commercial flat sheet polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. The experiments were compared to a binary solution (ethanol/water) to determine differences in the results due to the presence of fermentation by‐products. A real fermented broth of banana pseudostem was also used as feed for the PV experiments. Seven by‐products from fermented broth were identified: propanol, isobutanol, methanol, isoamyl alcohol, 1‐pentanol, acetic acid, and succinic acid. Moreover, the residual sugar content of 3.02 g/L1 was obtained. The presence of methanol showed the best results for total permeate flux (0.1626 kg·m−2·h−1) and ethanol permeate flux (0.0391 kg·m−2·h−1) during PV at 25°C and 3 wt% ethanol, also demonstrated by the selectivity and enrichment factor. The lowest total fluxes of permeate were observed in the experiments containing the acids. Better permeance of 0.1171 from 0.0796 kg·m−2·h−1 and membrane selectivity of 9.77 from 9.30 were obtained with real fermentation broth than with synthetic solutions, possibly due to the presence of by‐products in the multicomponent mixtures, which contributed to ethanol permeation. The results of this work indicate that by‐products influence pervaporation of ethanol with hydrophobic flat sheet membrane produced from the fermented broth of banana pseudostem.
Purification and biochemical characterization of an organic solvent‐tolerant and detergent‐stable lipase from Staphylococcus capitis
Authors: Rmili Fatma , Achouri Neila , Smichi Nabil , Krayem Najeh , Bayoudh Ahmed , Gargouri Youssef , Chamkha Mohamed , Fendri Ahmed 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA mesophilic bacterial culture, producing an extracellular alkaline lipase, was isolated from the gas‐washing wastewaters generated from the Sfax phosphate plant of the Tunisian Chemical Group and identified as Staphylococcus capitis strain. The lipase, named S. capitis lipase (SCL), has been purified to homogeneity from the culture medium. The purified enzyme molecular weight was around 45 kDa. Specific activities about 3,900 and 500 U/mg were measured using tributyrin and olive oil emulsion as substrates, respectively at 37°C and pH 8.5. Interestingly, the SCL maintained more than 60% of its initial activity over a wide pH values ranging from 5 to 11 with a high stability between pH 9 and 11 after 1 hr of incubation at room temperature. The lipase activity was enhanced in the presence of 2 mM of Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+. SCL showed significant stability in the presence of detergents and organic solvents. Altogether, these features make the SCL useful for industrial applications. Besides, SCL was compatible with commercially available detergents, and its incorporation increases lipid degradation performances making it a potential candidate in detergent formulation.
Combination of preoperative plasma fibrinogen and AJCC staging improves the accuracy of survival prediction for patients with stage I‐II gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy
Authors: Ding Peng , Zheng Chen , Cao Guohui , Gao Ziming , Lei Yuying , Deng Peng , Hou Bin , Li Kai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the prognostic value of preoperative plasma fibrinogen concentration (PFC) in patients with stage I‐II gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy. The preoperative PFC and clinicopathological data of 793 patients with stage I‐II gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy were analyzed retrospectively. PFC of <4.0 g/L and ≥4.0 g/L were considered as PFC0 and PFC1, respectively. The association between PFC and the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer and the value of PFC in survival prediction were investigated. PFC1 indicated poorer overall survival and cancer‐specific survival among patients with tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage I‐II, and PFC was identified as an independent indicator of survival via multivariate analysis. Importantly, PFC stage was proven to be an independent prognostic factor for stage I and T1‐4aN0 gastric cancer. PFC stage combined with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)‐TNM stage has better accuracy for predicting disease prognosis than AJCC‐TNM stage alone. The prognosis of patients with stage I‐II gastric cancer can be further stratified by PFC level. For patients with stage I gastric cancer, PFC1 can be considered a high‐risk prognostic factor, and adjuvant chemotherapy should be recommended for patients with PFC1.
Gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) chemotherapy with sandwiched radiotherapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed stage IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type
Authors: Tian Shu , Li Ruichen , Wang Tian , Wang Shengzi , Tao Rong , Hu Xichun , Ding Hao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExtranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKL), nasal‐type is a rare but highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Optimal treatment strategies for newly diagnosed localized ENKL have not been fully defined. Here we retrospectively analyzed 72 patients with newly diagnosed stage IE/IIE ENKL treated with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) regimen chemotherapy with sandwiched radiotherapy in our department between May 2012 and September 2014. After 2 cycles of GDP induction chemotherapy, the complete response rate (CRR) and overall response rate (ORR) were 30.6% (22/72) and 91.7% (66/72). After whole treatment completion, the CRR and ORR were 81.9% (59/72) and 91.7% (66/72), respectively. With a median follow‐up of 57.8 months (Interquartile Range 54.0‐64.5 months), the 5‐year progression‐free survival rate was 70.9% (95% CI, 60.1% to 81.7%), and the 5‐year overall survival rate was 72.0% (95% CI, 61.6% to 82.4%), respectively. Patients with CRR after treatment had better prognosis than their counterparts. The major adverse events were myelosuppression, liver dysfunction, gemcitabine‐related skin rash, and digestive tract toxicities. Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were 18.0% (13/72) and 15.3% (11/72), respectively. No treatment related deaths were observed. It is concluded that the GDP regimen with sandwiched radiotherapy was an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for newly diagnosed stage IE/IIE ENKL, nasal‐type.
Recent Advances in Rochow‐Müller Process Research: Driving to Molecular Catalysis and to A More Sustainable Silicone Industry
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Jing , Liu Hezhi , Ji Yongjun , Zhong Ziyi , Su Fabing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Rochow‐Müller process, an old process that has been known for more than seventy years, is for the direct synthesis of methylchlorosilane. However, due to its unique economic efficiency, it is still extremely important in silicone industry, e. g., about 90 % of starting materials for producing silicones are obtained by this route. Although significant progress has been made in exploring high‐efficient catalysts and understanding its mechanism, a quantitative description of this reaction is still far‐fetched due to its high complexity. In addition, sustainable use and recycling of by‐products and waste solid have become imperative nowadays due to the increasing demands for atom economy and environmental protection. This paper provides a comprehensive overview and insights into Rochow‐Müller process from its catalysis to sustainable issues, including the catalyst development and reaction mechanism investigation, waste reutilization and their derived products. In addition, several emerging novel processes originated from Rochow‐Müller process are summarized. Lastly, challenges and perspectives with respect to this reaction are discussed. We hope this work has accurately reflected and recorded the transition of Rochow‐Müller process to modern molecular catalysis, and can promote a much more sustainable silicone industry.
Recent Progress in Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Jin Haneul , Joo Jinwhan , Chaudhari Nitin K. , Choi Sang‐Il , Lee Kwangyeol 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWater electrolysis is an important energy conversion technology used to produce hydrogen on a mass scale. Until now, special emphasis has been placed on technology development for water electrolysis in acidic electrolytes, owing to the more facilitated hydrogen production under acidic conditions compared to alkaline water electrolysis. Among various catalyst design concepts, bifunctional catalysts capable of driving low overpotentials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are particularly interesting, owing to the simplicity of cell system design and potential capital reduction for catalyst production. Therefore, it is intriguing to prepare bifunctional catalysts that are compatible with acidic electrolytes. In this Minireview, we introduce the recent progress in bifunctional catalysts for overall water electrolysis under acidic conditions. We briefly describe the merits of water electrolysis in acidic solution and summarize the preparation and performance of the state‐of‐the‐art bifunctional catalysts towards both the acidic HER and OER. Finally, perspectives are provided for the current challenges and opportunities for bifunctional catalysts in acidic water electrolysis.
CuS and Cu2S as Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries: A Review
Authors: Jiang Kyle , Chen Zonghai , Meng Xiangbo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Xiangbo (Henry) Meng (University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA). The cover picture shows a Li‐CuxS battery consisting of the Li anode and CuxS cathode, in which CuxS experiences a reversible conversion reaction during discharge and charge processes. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/celc.201900066.