bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic data reveal deep genetic structure but no support for current taxonomic designation in a grasshopper species complex
Authors: Tonzo Vanina , Papadopoulou Anna , Ortego Joaquín 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTaxonomy has traditionally relied on morphological and ecological traits to interpret and classify biological diversity. Over the last decade, technological advances and conceptual developments in the field of molecular ecology and systematics have eased the generation of genomic data and changed the paradigm of biodiversity analysis. Here we illustrate how traditional taxonomy has led to species designations that are supported neither by high throughput sequencing data nor by the quantitative integration of genomic information with other sources of evidence. Specifically, we focus on Omocestus antigai and Omocestus navasi, two montane grasshoppers from the Pyrenean region that were originally described based on quantitative phenotypic differences and distinct habitat associations (alpine vs. Mediterranean‐montane habitats). To validate current taxonomic designations, test species boundaries, and understand the factors that have contributed to genetic divergence, we obtained phenotypic (geometric morphometrics) and genome‐wide SNP data (ddRADSeq) from populations covering the entire known distribution of the two taxa. Coalescent‐based phylogenetic reconstructions, integrative Bayesian model‐based species delimitation, and landscape genetic analyses revealed that populations assigned to the two taxa show a spatial distribution of genetic variation that do not match with current taxonomic designations and is incompatible with ecological/environmental speciation. Our results support little phenotypic variation among populations and a marked genetic structure that is mostly explained by geographic distances and limited population connectivity across the abrupt landscapes characterizing the study region. Overall, this study highlights the importance of integrative approaches to identify taxonomic units and elucidate the evolutionary history of species.
Genetic admixture accelerates invasion via provisioning rapid adaptive evolution
Authors: Qiao Hongmei , Liu Wenwen , Zhang Yihui , Zhang Yuan‐Ye , Li Qingshun Q. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenetic admixture, the intraspecific hybridization among divergent introduced sources, can immediately facilitate colonization via hybrid vigor and profoundly enhance invasion via contributing novel genetic variation to adaption. As hybrid vigor is short‐lived, provisioning adaptation is anticipated to be the dominant and long‐term profit of genetic admixture, but the evidence for this is rare. We employed the 30 years' geographic‐scale invasion of the salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora, as an evolutionary experiment and evaluated the consequences of genetic admixture by combining the reciprocal transplant experiment with quantitative and population genetic surveys. Consistent with the documentation, we found that the invasive populations in China had multiple origins from the southern Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico in the US. Interbreeding among these multiple sources generated a “hybrid swarm” that spread throughout the coast of China. In the northern and mid‐latitude China, natural selection greatly enhanced fecundity, plant height and shoot regeneration compared to the native populations. Furthermore, genetic admixture appeared to have broken the negative correlation between plant height and shoot regeneration, which was genetically‐based in the native range, and have facilitated the evolution of super competitive genotypes in the invasive range. In contrast to the evolved northern and mid‐latitude populations, the southern invasive populations showed slight increase of plant height and shoot regeneration compared to the native populations, possibly reflecting the heterotic effect of the intraspecific hybridization. Therefore, our study suggests a critical role of genetic admixture in accelerating the geographic invasion via provisioning rapid adaptive evolution.
Strengths and potential pitfalls of hay transfer for ecological restoration revealed by RAD‐seq analysis in floodplain Arabis species
Authors: Dittberner Hannes , Becker Christian , Jiao Wen‐Biao , Schneeberger Korbinian , Hölzel Norbert , Tellier Aurélien , de Meaux Juliette 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAchieving high intraspecific genetic diversity is a critical goal in ecological restoration as it increases the adaptive potential and long‐term resilience of populations. Thus, we investigated genetic diversity within and between pristine sites in a fossil floodplain and compared it to sites restored by hay transfer between 1997 and 2014. RAD‐seq genotyping revealed that the stenoecious floodplain species Arabis nemorensis is co‐occurring with individuals that, based on ploidy, ITS‐sequencing and morphology, probably belong to the close relative Arabis sagittata, which has a documented preference for dry calcareous grasslands but has not been reported in floodplain meadows. We show that hay transfer maintains genetic diversity for both species. Additionally, in A. sagittata, transfer from multiple genetically isolated pristine sites resulted in restored sites with increased diversity and admixed local genotypes. In A. nemorensis, transfer did not create novel admixture dynamics because genetic diversity between pristine sites was less differentiated. Thus, the effects of hay transfer on genetic diversity also depend on the genetic make‐up of the donor communities of each species, especially when local material is mixed. Our results demonstrate the efficiency of hay transfer for habitat restoration and emphasize the importance of prerestoration characterization of microgeographic patterns of intraspecific diversity of the community to guarantee that restoration practices reach their goal, that is maximize the adaptive potential of the entire restored plant community. Overlooking these patterns may alter the balance between species in the community. Additionally, our comparison of summary statistics obtained from de novo‐ and reference‐based RAD‐seq pipelines shows that the genomic impact of restoration can be reliably monitored in species lacking prior genomic knowledge.
Autosomal recessive hyper‐IgE syndrome successfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Lopes Jorge , Teixeira Diogo , Sousa Cristina , Baptista Armando , Moreira Diana , Ferreira Eduarda O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAutosomal recessive hyper‐IgE syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency that results from a mutation in the DOCK8 gene. We report a case of a patient presenting with severe eczema, atopy, and recurrent skin infections since the first months of life. The diagnosis of autosomal recessive hyper‐IgE syndrome was made at the age of 7 by a positive DOCK8 genetic test. The patient underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with complete remission of the various manifestations.
Associations among race, residential segregation, community income, and emergency department use by adults with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Thomas‐Hawkins Charlotte , Flynn Linda , Zha Peijia , Savage Beth 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine independent and interactive effects of race, community income, and racial residential segregation on the likelihood of ED revisits by persons with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD).DesignA retrospective analysis of de‐identified data abstracted from Health Care Utilization and Cost Project's (HCUP) 2014 New Jersey State Emergency Department (ED) Database and American Community Survey (ACS) was conducted.SampleThe analytic sample was comprised of 2,859 ED encounters in 2014 by non‐Hispanic Black and White persons over 18 years of age with ESRD who were treated and released from the ED.MeasurementsThe HCUP database was the data source for ED revisit, race, median community income, and covariate (age, gender, marital status, number of chronic conditions) variables in the study. The 2014 ACS was the source for racial segregation Dissimilarity Index scores across NJ counties.ResultsLiving in communities with lower median income and high racial segregation was associated with a higher likelihood of ED revisits. Black race interacted with community income and racial segregation in its effect on ED revisits.ConclusionEfforts are needed to direct geo‐targeted interventions and resources to socially disadvantaged communities to lessen disparities in ED visits among dialysis patients.
Insights into the epidemiology of Pierce's disease in vineyards of Mallorca, Spain
Authors: Moralejo E. , Borràs D. , Gomila M. , Montesinos M. , Adrover F. , Juan A. , Nieto A. , Olmo D. , Seguí G. , Landa B. B. 
Published: July 2019

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), the causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD), has long been considered a major threat to prosperous European viticulture. In May of 2017, PD was officially detected on a grapevine in Mallorca. To better understand the epidemiology of the first established outbreak of PD in Europe, the disease incidence and severity were assessed, vector transmission experiments were performed, and cultivar responses to Xf infections both in the field and in inoculation experiments were monitored. The genetic structure of Xf local populations was also investigated by multilocus sequence typing analysis, and their whole genome sequences and phylogenetic positions compared with respect to PD strains worldwide. Disease incidence was moderately low (0.07) and highly variable, ranging from 0.0 to 0.99. Its economic impact on wine production was considered low. Vineyards managed under conventional viticulture were significantly less infected than organic farming. Under greenhouse conditions, the insect Philaenus spumarius efficiently transmitted the pathogen from infected to healthy grapevines. In the inoculation experiments, Xf infected, to some degree, 29 of the 30 cultivar × rootstock combinations (n = 239). Cultivars Viura, Gorgollasa and Sauvignon Blanc were the most susceptible ones. All Xf isolates from grapevines belonged to sequence type ST1; they phylogenetically clustered within the Californian ST1 clade, with which they shared a 99.94% identity and the same plasmid. In addition, ST1 caused almond leaf scorch disease, where notably its incidence (0.78) and severity was much higher than PD. The likely reasons for these wide differences are discussed in the context of a 20‐year Xf introduction scenario.
Science as Snake Oil: Rural Development, Discourse, and the Broken Promise of Tech Jobs in Vermont
Authors: Golding Shaun A. , Brannon Monica M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the public conversation surrounding two failed technology businesses in rural Vermont communities, documenting a particular techno‐development discourse. Engaging with the literatures of rural development and science and technology studies (STS), the paper frames this discourse as a mechanism of power exercised by private capital. It analyzes how perspectives shared in news and social media functioned to attribute financial, technological, and moral authority to developers while dividing communities and scapegoating the state. Our work highlights the need for scholars to be conscious of techno‐development discourses that prioritize capital interests over community interests. Rather than using hegemonic conceptualizations of technology, we advocate for development that advances more flexible, local understandings of technology. And rather than centering high‐tech development as a vehicle for extending prosperity across space, we propose that greater attention be paid to extending high wages across industrial sectors.
The obesity paradox: A further consideration in dialysis patients
Authors: Kittiskulnam Piyawan , Johansen Kirsten L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeveral epidemiological cohorts have demonstrated that higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower mortality risk among patients receiving hemodialysis. However, BMI may be an inaccurate indicator of nutritional status among dialysis patients because it does not differentiate between muscle and fat mass or provide information about body fat distribution. More sophisticated methods of body composition analysis are therefore required to address the question of which component is associated with greater survival. Recent evidence has also shown that changes in body weight and body composition are more strongly associated with mortality in dialysis patients than measurement of BMI at a single time point. Given that obesity is common among the dialysis population, weight loss interventions are encouraged for obese dialysis patients who are on a transplant waiting list in order to increase the access for transplantation.
Evaluating nail thickness and stiffness with shear‐wave elastography in nail psoriasis: A preliminary study
Authors: Kaya İslamoğlu Zeynep Gizem , Uysal Emine , Demirbaş Abdullah , İslamoğlu Necat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionPsoriasis is a chronic, relapsing skin disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Nail changes have been reported to occur in up to 40% of patients with mild psoriasis and 50%‐70% with severe disease. Shear‐wave elastography (SWE) is a new non‐invasive ultrasonic technique that evaluates thickness and stiffness of tissues.AimsTo evaluate nail plate thickness and stiffness of patients with psoriasis and determine whether there are differences among psoriatic patients with and without nail involvement, and to investigate the feasibility of using SWE in assessing this disease.Materials and MethodsNail plate thickness and stiffness were investigated in 54 patients with psoriasis and 58 healthy controls. SWE was performed with an Aplio 500 ultrasound system.ResultsIncreased nail plate thickness was observed more often in the affected nails of psoriatic patients compared to non‐affected nails of patients and controls. Stiffness was similar in both groups.ConclusionsOur study is the first report to evaluate the SWE scores in nail psoriasis. While it may not provide reliable information for diagnosis, it can be used for follow‐up treatment.
Sparse Scaling Iterative Closest Point for Rail Profile Inspection
Authors: Yang Yue , Liu Long , Li Miaocheng , Yang Guang , Yi Bing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe accuracy of rail profile inspections is critical for guaranteeing transport security and rail maintenance, and hence, the laser-based rail profile inspection has frequently been used. However, there are two major challenges in practical applications: the distortion of the measured rail profile and the influences of noise and outliers. In this paper, the sparse scaling iterative closest point method is proposed for rail profile inspection. First, the existing challenges for processing the measured rail profile via a line laser sensor are generally described. After this, a robust registration energy function that evolves both the scale factor and the lp norm is proposed for rail profile registration. Finally, the Hausdorff distance is adopted to visualize the matching results. The experiments indicate that the proposed method can both precisely rectify the distorted rail profile and avoid the influences of noise and outliers when compared with the conventional iterative closest point, sparse iterative closest point, and reweighted-scaling closest point methods.
Load Analysis of Flexible Ball Bearing in a Harmonic Reducer
Authors: Xiong Ying , Zhu Yongsheng , Yan Ke 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Harmonic reducers are generally supported by flexible bearings. The elastic deformation of the flexible bearing enables the harmonic reducer to satisfy high reduction ratio performance. By considering the flexible outer ring and noncircular inner ring of the flexible bearing, a universal static analysis model was developed to calculate the ball load distribution of flexible bearings in harmonic reducers. The validity of the proposed model was proved by studying two types of flexible bearings mounted on an elliptical cam and a four-force action-type cam, respectively. Several results validate the use of the model to assess the ball load distribution instead of a more time-consuming finite element method. Influences of design parameters in the flexible bearing on the load distribution were investigated, which makes reference for the optimal design of the flexible bearing.
Model Validation Methods for Multiple Correlated Responses via Covariance-Overlap Based Distance
Authors: Hu Jiexiang , Jiang Ping , Zhou Qi , McKeand Austin , Choi Seung-Kyum 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Model validation methods have been widely used in engineering design to provide a quantified assessment of the agreement between simulation predictions and experimental observations. For the validation of simulation models with multiple correlated outputs, not only the uncertainty of the responses but also the correlation between them needs to be considered. Most of the existing validation methods for multiple correlated responses focus on the area metric, which only compares the overall area difference between the two cumulative probability distribution curves. The differences in the distributions of the data sets are not fully utilized. In this paper, two covariance-overlap based model validation (COMV) methods are proposed for the validation of multiple correlated responses. The COMV method is used for a single validation site, while the covariance-overlap pooling based model validation (COPMV) method can pool the evidence from different validation sites into a scalar measure to give a global evaluation about the candidate model. The effectiveness and merits of the proposed methods are demonstrated by comparing with three different existing validation methods on three numerical examples and a practical engineering problem of a turbine blade validation example. The influence of sample size and the number of partitions in the proposed methods are also discussed. Results show that the proposed method shows better performance on the uncertainty estimation of different computational models, which is useful for practical engineering design problems with multiple correlated responses.
Prison cell spatial density and infectious and communicable diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Simpson Paul L , Simpson Melanie , Adily Armita , Grant Luke , Butler Tony 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo summarise the extent and quality of evidence on the association between prison cell spatial density (a measure of crowding) and infectious and communicable diseases transmission among prisoners.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesEmbase, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycExtra, ProQuest Databases, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Index to Legal Periodicals, InformitOnline, Cochrane Library, Criminal Justice Abstracts and ICONDA were searched to 31 December 2018.Eligibility criteriaStudies that reported on the association between prison cell spatial density (measured in square feet or square metres of cell floor area per person) and infectious and communicable diseases in juvenile and adult populations incarcerated in a correctional facility.Data extraction and synthesisA review protocol was developed in consultation with an advisory panel. Two reviewers independently extracted data and used the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council’s (NHMRC) checklist to critically appraise individual studies. An assessment of the overall body of the evidence was conducted using the NHMRC’s Evidence Scale and Statement Form.ResultsA total of 5126 articles were initially identified with seven included in the review from Pakistan (2003), Chile (2016), Nigeria (2012, 2013) and the USA (1980s). Infectious and communicable disease outcomes included pneumococcal disease/acute pneumonia,Mycobacterium tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis infection, infectious skin conditions and contagious disease reporting to the prison clinic. Five articles reported statistically significant positive associations but were countered by associations possibly being explained by chance, bias or confounding factors. Heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis.ConclusionOverall, the body of evidence provides some support for an association between prison cell special density and infectious and communicable diseases, but care should be taken in the interpretation and transferability of the findings. Future research and policy responses should adequately consider prospective mediating factors implicated in associations between cell spatial density and health effects.
Delivery of compassionate mental health care in a digital technology-driven age: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Strudwick Gillian , Zhang Timothy , Inglis Fiona , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Munnery Mikayla , Lo Brian , Singh Takhar Shuranjeet , Charow Rebecca , Wiljer David 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionAs digital technologies become an integral part of mental health care delivery, concerns have risen regarding how this technology may detract from health professionals’ ability to provide compassionate care. To maintain and improve the quality of care for people with mental illness, there is a need to understand how to effectively incorporate technologies into the delivery of compassionate mental health care. The objectives of this scoping review are to: (1) identify the digital technologies currently being used among patients and health professionals in the delivery of mental health care; (2) determine how these digital technologies are being used in the context of the delivery of compassionate care and (3) uncover the barriers to, and facilitators of, digital technology-driven delivery of compassionate mental health care.Methods and analysisSearches were conducted of five databases, consisting of relevant articles published in English between 1990 and 2019. Identified articles will be independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers, first at a title and abstract stage, and then at a full-text level. Data will be extracted and compiled from eligible articles into a data extraction chart. Information collected will include a basic overview of the publication including the article title, authors, year of publication, country of origin, research design and research question addressed. On completion of data synthesis, the authors will conduct a consultation phase with relevant experts in the field.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. With regards to the dissemination plan, principles identified from the relevant articles may be presented at conferences and an article will be published in an academic journal with study results. The authors also intend to engage interested mental health professionals, health professional educators and patients in a discussion about the study findings and implications for the future.