bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of the first member of Shahejie Formation (E2s1) source rocks in the Dongpu Depression, East China
Authors: Lyu Xueying , Jiang Youlu , Liu Jingdong , Xu Tianwu 
Published: July 2018

The Dongpu Depression, containing huge amounts of hydrocarbons, is a typical petroliferous province in the Bohai Bay Basin, east China. As one set of the main source rocks, the first member of Shahejie Formation (E2s1) shows huge exploration potential with approximately 0.83 × 108 t resources remaining to be discovered. However, the geochemical characteristics and thermal evolution history of E2s1 source rocks have still not been determined. In this study, the sedimentary features were firstly analysed based on the geological data. Then the organic matter abundance, kerogen type, and thermal maturity of E2s1 source rocks in the present day were evaluated according to the Rock‐Eval pyrolysis, micro‐components of kerogen, total organic carbon (TOC), and vitrinite reflectance analysis. Furthermore, the evolution of thermal history and hydrocarbon generation was determined using the PetroMod procedure. The results show that dark mudstones and salt rocks were well developed in E2s1, which are propitious for organic matter to grow and preserve. E2s1 source rocks contain abundant organic matter and moderate to good generative source rock potential. E2s1 source rocks mainly consist of Type II kerogen and have entered early to maturation stage for hydrocarbon generation. Due to the limited buried depth, E2s1 source rocks only attained lower thermal maturity and generated finite hydrocarbons. The initial rapid subsidence and the second rift after uplift erosion resulted in the higher geo‐temperature at the end of E3d and the present day. Corresponding to the geo‐temperature evolution, there are two stages of hydrocarbon generation for E2s1 source rocks: The first stage was in the late E3d period, and the late stage was from the late Neogene to the present day. Moreover, the hydrocarbon generation rate and quantity of the late stage are much higher than the first stage, indicating the major hydrocarbon generation stage. Due to the limited hydrocarbon generation capacity, oils generated from E2s1 source rocks are low maturity; thus, it cannot migrate for a long distance and only accumulated around the sag belts.
Microglia have a more extensive and divergent response to interferon‐α compared with astrocytes
Authors: Li Wen , Viengkhou Barney , Denyer Gareth , West Phillip K. , Campbell Iain L. , Hofer Markus J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractType I interferons (IFN‐I) are crucial for effective antimicrobial defense in the central nervous system (CNS) but also can cause severe neurological disease (termed cerebral interferonopathy) as exemplified by Aicardi‐Goutières Syndrome. In the CNS, microglia and astrocytes have essential roles in host responses to infection and injury, with both cell types responding to IFN‐I. While the IFN‐I signaling pathways are the same in astrocytes and microglia, the extent to which the IFN‐I responses of these cells differ, if at all, is unknown. Here we determined the global transcriptional responses of astrocytes and microglia to the IFN‐I, IFN‐α. We found that under basal conditions, each cell type has a unique gene expression pattern reflective of its developmental origin and biological function. Following stimulation with IFN‐α, astrocytes and microglia also displayed a common core response that was characterized by the increased expression of genes required for pathogen detection and elimination. Compared with astrocytes, microglia had a more extensive and diverse response to IFN‐α with significantly more genes with expression upregulated (282 vs. 141) and downregulated (81 vs. 3). Further validation was documented for selected IFN‐I‐regulated genes in a murine model of cerebral interferonopathy. In all, the findings highlight not only overlapping but importantly divergent responses to IFN‐I by astrocytes versus microglia. This suggests specialized roles for these cells in host defense and in the development of cerebral interferonopathy.
Comparison of heritability estimates on resting state fMRI connectivity phenotypes using the ENIGMA analysis pipeline
Authors: Adhikari Bhim M. , Jahanshad Neda , Shukla Dinesh , Glahn David C. , Blangero John , Fox Peter T. , Reynolds Richard C. , Cox Robert W. , Fieremans Els , Veraart Jelle , Novikov Dmitry S. , Nichols Thomas E. , Hong L. Elliot , Thompson Paul M. , Kochunov Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe measured and compared heritability estimates for measures of functional brain connectivity extracted using the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) rsfMRI analysis pipeline in two cohorts: the genetics of brain structure (GOBS) cohort and the HCP (the Human Connectome Project) cohort. These two cohorts were assessed using conventional (GOBS) and advanced (HCP) rsfMRI protocols, offering a test case for harmonization of rsfMRI phenotypes, and to determine measures that show consistent heritability for in‐depth genome‐wide analysis. The GOBS cohort consisted of 334 Mexican‐American individuals (124M/210F, average age = 47.9 ± 13.2 years) from 29 extended pedigrees (average family size = 9 people; range 5–32). The GOBS rsfMRI data was collected using a 7.5‐min acquisition sequence (spatial resolution = 1.72 × 1.72 × 3 mm3). The HCP cohort consisted of 518 twins and family members (240M/278F; average age = 28.7 ± 3.7 years). rsfMRI data was collected using 28.8‐min sequence (spatial resolution = 2 × 2 × 2 mm3). We used the single‐modality ENIGMA rsfMRI preprocessing pipeline to estimate heritability values for measures from eight major functional networks, using (1) seed‐based connectivity and (2) dual regression approaches. We observed significant heritability (h2 = 0.2–0.4, p < .05) for functional connections from seven networks across both cohorts, with a significant positive correlation between heritability estimates across two cohorts. The similarity in heritability estimates for resting state connectivity measurements suggests that the additive genetic contribution to functional connectivity is robustly detectable across populations and imaging acquisition parameters. The overarching genetic influence, and means to consistently detect it, provides an opportunity to define a common genetic search space for future gene discovery studies.
A quantile regression approach to panel data analysis of health‐care expenditure in Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries
Authors: Tian Fengping , Gao Jiti , Yang Ke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the variation in the effects of various determinants on the per capita health‐care expenditure. A total of 28 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries are studied over the period 1990–2012, employing an instrumental variable quantile regression method for a dynamic panel model with fixed effects. The results show that the determinants of per capita health‐care expenditure growth, involving the growth of lagged health spending, of per capita gross domestic product (GDP), of physician density, of elderly population, of life expectancy, of urbanization, and of female labor force participation, do vary with the conditional distribution of the health‐care expenditure growth, while the changing patterns are dissimilar. Moreover, we show that Baumol's model of “unbalanced growth" has a significantly positive effect on per capita health spending growth, and its effect is quite stable over the entire distribution. However, the correlation between the components (wage growth and labor productivity growth) of the “Baumol variable” and health expenditure growth is more varied. As a comparison, only the growth of lagged health spending, per capita GDP, and the Baumol variable (or its components) are found related to health spending growth in conditional mean regressions. The prediction results were also quite different between the quantile regression dynamic panel instrumental variable models and linear panel data models. More attention needs to be paid to the varying influence of determinants in health expenditure study.
Oncologic outcomes with transoral robotic surgery for supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma: Results of the French Robotic Surgery Group of GETTEC
Authors: Doazan Marianne , Hans Stéphane , Morinière Sylvain , Lallemant Benjamin , Vergez Sébastien , Aubry Karine , De Monès Erwan , Espitalier Florent , Jegoux Franck , Pradat Pierre , Céruse Philippe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundTransoral robotic surgery (TORS) is an option to treat supraglottic squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). We studied the oncologic outcomes after TORS for supraglottic laryngectomy (SGL).MethodsWe conducted a multicenter observational study of SGL using TORS for patients with supraglottic SCC with at least 2 years of follow‐up.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐two patients were included in our study. Mean follow‐up was 42.8 months. Local control was 94.3% at 2 years and 90.2% at 5 years. Overall survival and disease‐free survival were 86.9% and 95.1% at 2 years, and 78.7% and 94.3% at 5 years, respectively. Sixty‐three patients (51.6%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. For 16 of them, this was due to close or positive margins.ConclusionLocal control rate after TORS SGL was at least equivalent to what has been described in the literature for open or transoral laser surgery, or with radiotherapy. Using TORS seems to be an effective therapeutic treatment of early‐stage and intermediate‐stage supraglottic SCCs.
Is the Partial Root Drying Irrigation Method Suitable for Sandy Soils? Field Experiment and Modelling Using the Saltmed Model
Authors: Abdelraouf R.E. , Ragab R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root drying (PRD) on soil moisture, dry matter, and yield and water productivity of maize grown in sandy soil in Egypt. The experiment was conducted in 2013 and included eight treatments of RDI and PRD. Four RDI treatments [100% full irrigation requirement, FI (control), 80% FI, 60% FI and 40% FI] and four PRD treatments [100% PRD, 80% PRD, 60% PRD and 40% PRD] were conducted. The experimental and simulated results using the SALTMED model showed that maize yields obtained under RDI were higher than those obtained under PRD; this may be due to the fact that the soil is sandy and the PRD treatment received relatively less irrigation water. The latter perhaps have led to a smaller and narrower wetted soil volume within the root zone, and possibly some of the water was partly lost below the root zone due to the high infiltration rate commonly associated with sandy soils. The correlation between the observed and simulated grain yield showed that the SALTMED model was able to simulate grain yield and water productivity for all treatments with high accuracy, producing an average R2 of 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobile financial services, financial inclusion, and development: A systematic review of academic literature
Authors: Kim Minjin , Zoo Hanah , Lee Heejin , Kang Juhee 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith the flagship success of m‐Pesa, financial services via mobile devices have become an important tool to facilitate the financial inclusion of the previously unbanked population in developing countries. Attempts to provide a landscape of academic research findings at the intersection of mobile financial services, financial inclusion, and development have been rather scant. To determine the key issues and gaps in the current academic research, this study conducts a systematic review of 54 academic research papers vis‐à‐vis the nexus of mobile financial services, financial inclusion, and development. The results show that the extant literature addresses three major clusters of topics: delivery, environmental factors, and the impact of mobile financial services. Still in the nascent stage of research, the topics covered in the literature indicate a bias towards institutional and individual preconditions for the implementation of mobile financial services, rather than actual supply and demand by users, and its impact on society. The choice of research methods also shows limited variety and depth. This study contributes towards understanding the existing research on mobile financial services for financial inclusion in developing countries and finding research gaps for future study.
Time‐dependent response of A549 cells upon exposure to cadmium
Authors: Zhao Wen‐jie , Zhang Zi‐jin , Zhu Zhen‐yu , Song Qun , Zheng Wei‐juan , Hu Xin , Mao Li , Lian Hong‐zhen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCadmium is considered one of the most harmful carcinogenic heavy metals in the human body. Although many scientists have performed research on cadmium toxicity mechanism, the toxicokinetic process of cadmium toxicity remains unclear. In the present study, the kinetic response of proteome in/and A549 cells to exposure of exogenous cadmium was profiled. A549 cells were treated with cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) for different periods and expressions of proteins in cells were detected by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. The kinetic expressions of proteins related to cadmium toxicity were further investigated by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Intracellular cadmium accumulation and content fluctuation of several essential metals were observed after 0–24 hours of exposure by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Fifty‐four protein spots showed significantly differential responses to CdSO4 exposure at both 4.5 and 24 hours. From these proteins, four expression patterns were concluded. Their expressions always exhibited a maximum abundance ratio after CdSO4 exposure for 24 hours. The expression of metallothionein‐1 and ZIP‐8, concentration of total protein, and contents of cadmium, zinc, copper, cobalt and manganese in cells also showed regular change. In synthesis, the replacement of the essential metals, the inhibition of the expression of metal storing protein and the activation of metal efflux system are involved in cadmium toxicity.
Effect of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Alectinib
Authors: Morcos Peter N. , Cleary Yumi , Sturm‐Pellanda Carolina , Guerini Elena , Abt Markus , Donzelli Massimiliano , Vazvaei Faye , Balas Bogdana , Parrott Neil , Yu Li 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlectinib is approved and recommended as the preferred first‐line treatment for patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive non–small cell lung cancer. The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of alectinib was assessed with physiologically based PK modeling prospectively and in a clinical study. An open‐label study (NCT02621047) investigated a single 300‐mg dose of alectinib in moderate (n = 8) and severe (n = 8) hepatic impairment (Child‐Pugh B/C), and healthy subjects (n = 12) matched for age, sex, and body weight. Physiologically based PK modeling was conducted prospectively to inform the clinical study design and support the use of a lower dose and extended PK sampling in the study. PK parameters were calculated for alectinib, its major similarly active metabolite, M4, and the combined exposure of alectinib and M4. Unbound concentrations were assessed at 6 and 12 hours postdose. Administration of alectinib to subjects with hepatic impairment increased the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity of the combined exposure of alectinib and M4 to 136% (90% confidence interval [CI], 94.7‐196) and 176% (90%CI 98.4‐315), for moderate and severe hepatic impairment, respectively, relative to matched healthy subjects. Unbound concentrations for alectinib and M4 did not appear substantially different between hepatic‐impaired and healthy subjects. Moderate hepatic impairment had only a modest, not clinically significant effect on alectinib exposure, while the higher exposure observed in severe hepatic impairment supports a dose adjustment in this population.
Degradation products of polycondensed aromatic moieties (black carbon or pyrogenic carbon) in soil: Methodological improvements and comparison to contemporary black carbon concentrations
Authors: Di Rauso Simeone Giuseppe , Benesch Marianne , Glaser Bruno 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt was found that benzenepolycarboxylic acids (BPCA) do naturally occur in soils. They can be assumed as black carbon degradation products. We propose an improved method to analyse black carbon degradation products in soil. Method optimization comprised extraction duration, sample clean‐up, and chromatographic separation conditions. The method is also suitable for subsequent isotope ratio mass spectrometry of individual BPCA. Accuracy was checked with quartz sand and soil samples spiked with known amounts of BPCA. In soil samples with varying properties we compared contents of black carbon and black carbon degradation products, i.e., total and free BPCA contents, respectively. Results show that our proposed method can extract black carbon degradation products from soil after 48 h of extraction with 500 mM NaOH compared to 72 h of the original method. Polyvalent cations should be removed by Dowex 50 W X 8, 200–400 mesh, while original cation removal with Merck cation exchange resin was not successful. Free BPCA can be separated and quantified directly by ion exchange chromatography followed by ultraviolet spectroscopy or isotope ratio mass spectrometry, while the original method involved another two days for derivatization and isolation of derivatized BPCA. Recovery of spiked BPCA to a range of different soil samples was 81 ± 19%. Free BPCA concentrations of a Cambisol, Chernozem, Ferralsol, and Anthrosol varied between 0 and 0.24 g kg−1 contributing 0–38% of total black carbon concentration. Free BPCA correlated with total black carbon, total organic carbon, and negatively with pH. However, further studies with a larger set of samples are necessary to systematically investigate conditions for black carbon degradation and, thus free BPCA formation in soils.
High pressure and temperature effects on the molecular crystal 2‐amino‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole
Authors: A. de Toledo Thiago , R. F. Bento Ricardo , R. Cunha Thiago , S. Pizani Paulo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report a detailed study of 2‐amino‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (C3H5N3S) using Raman and infrared spectroscopy techniques combined with density functional theory at the condensed phase and for the isolated molecule in gas phase. This information provides the vibrational mode assignments, which will give a basis for the better understanding of the changes in the Raman spectra due to the temperature (from 10 to 413 K) and pressure (up to 9.2 GPa at room temperature) variation. The anharmonic effects in the Raman spectra of C3H5N3S were identified in the temperature range 10–393 K, corresponding to wavenumber shift, changes in the line intensity, and linewidth. The crystal undergoes to phase transition in the temperature range 403–413 K, as indicated by the discontinuity in the dω/dT of several Raman bands in external and internal mode region. As pressure increases, a notable change in the Raman spectra occurs at 1.6 GPa, suggesting a second‐order phase transition attributed to splitting, discontinuity in the dω/dP, and red shift of the external and internal Raman modes. All changes in the Raman spectrum were reversible after releasing pressure.
Enterococci from ready‐to‐eat food – horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and genotypic characterization by PCR melting profile
Authors: Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska Wioleta , Zadernowska Anna , Zarzecka Urszula , Zakrzewski Arkadiusz , Gajewska Joanna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the horizontal transfer of genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(6′)‐Ie‐aph(2″)‐Ia, aph(2″)‐Ib, aph(2″)‐Ic, aph(2″)‐Id, ant(4′)‐Ia and ant(6′)‐Ia), tetracyclines (tetM, tetL, tetK, tetO and tetW), and macrolides (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrC, mefAB) in Enterococcus strains isolated from ready‐to‐eat dishes purchased in bars and restaurants in Olsztyn, Poland.RESULTSIt was found that 74% of tested strains were able to conjugal transfer at least one of the antibiotic resistance genes. Transfer of resistance to tetracyclines in strains was observed with a frequency ranging from 1.3 × 10−6 to 8.7 × 10−7 transconjugants/donor. The int gene and the tetM gene were transferred simultaneously, which indicated that a transposon of the Tn916/Tn1545 also participated in the conjugation process. The frequency of transferring genes of resistance to macrolides ranged from 3.2 × 10−6 to 2.4 × 10−8 transconjugants/donor. The ermB gene was transferred the most frequently. The frequency of acquisition of genes encoding aminoglycosides in strains isolated from food ranged from 1.7 × 10−6 to 3,2 × 10−8 transconjugants/donor. Transfer of the aac(6′)‐Ie‐aph(2″) gene was the most frequent. In all reactions, the clonal character of transconjugants and recipients was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction melting profile (PCR MP) method, which is an alternative to the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study indicate that Enterococcus isolated from ready‐to‐eat food is able to horizontally transfer genes encoding various antibiotic resistance mechanisms. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Antihyperglycemic activities of twig extract of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) on high‐fat diet and streptozotocin‐induced hyperglycemic rats
Authors: Lin Gong‐Min , Hsu Chia‐Yun , Chang Shang‐Tzen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCinnamomum osmophloeum (indigenous cinnamon) is an endemic species in Taiwan and its twigs contain abundant A‐type proanthocyanidins. C. osmophloeum twig extracts (CoTEs) were found to have α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory activities in vitro. The aim of this study is to further investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of CoTEs in hyperglycemic rats.RESULTSHyperglycemic rats were divided into three groups and were treated orally with high‐dosage CoTEs (HCO, 150 mg kg−1), low‐dosage CoTEs (LCO, 30 mg kg−1) and positive control (PC, 30 mg kg−1 pioglitazone). The HCO group showed improved glucose tolerance in an oral glucose tolerance test after 1 month of treatment, contributed by the inhibition of intestinal disaccharidases, amylase, and lipase. Compared with the PC group, both the HCO and LCO groups had decreased weight of visceral fats and lower atherogenic index; while their low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, food intake, feed efficiency, and biochemical parameters remained unchanged compared with the NC group. Furthermore, the HCO group had decreased weight gain and the LCO group had decreased serum leptin level.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that CoTE has potential antihyperglycemic activities for treating hyperglycemia without weight gain. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry