bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processos de referenciação em duas configurações narrativas: o conto popular e a estória oral
Authors: Bentes Anna Christina 
Published: August 2018

This article describes how narrators from Brazilian Amazon region configurate oral tradition in two different ways. The first way, called “folk-tale” is characterized considering the fact that narrators, when telling their stories, privilege the dimensions of repetition and stability. The second one, called “oral story”, is characterized considering the fact that narrators, when telling their stories, privilege the dimensions of difference and instability. The present analysis of both configurations takes into account two aspects (i) the enunciative situation in which they were produced and (ii) the textual and discursive strategies developed by narrators. Folk-tales present (i) fixed plots, which are common-shared and (ii) referenciation strategies that do not show the discursive instances in which the stories are produced. Oral stories reconstruct tradition radically. In this way, they do not present fixed plots, what makes possible the emergency of versions that are distant from the formulaic nature of oral tradition. Referenciation strategies present in this second narrative configuration are much more varied and they also make possible the emergency of the discursive instances in which narratives are produced.
Yield of Low-Dose Computerized Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer in High-Risk Workers: The Case of 7189 US Nuclear Weapons Workers
Authors: Markowitz Steven B. , Manowitz Amy , Miller Jeffery A. , Frederick James S. , Onyekelu-Eze Amaka C. , Widman Shannon A. , Pepper Lewis D. , Miller Albert 
Published: August 2018

Objectives. To determine the lung cancer screening yield and stages in a union-sponsored low-dose computerized tomography scan program for nuclear weapons workers with diverse ages, smoking histories, and occupations. Methods. We implemented a low-dose computerized tomography program among 7189 nuclear weapons workers in 9 nonmetropolitan US communities during 2000 to 2013. Eligibility criteria included age, smoking, occupation, radiographic asbestos-related fibrosis, and a positive beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test. Results. The proportion with screen-detected lung cancer among smokers aged 50 years or older was 0.83% at baseline and 0.51% on annual scan. Of 80 lung cancers, 59% (n = 47) were stage I, and 10% (n = 8) were stage II. Screening yields of study subpopulations who met the National Lung Screening Trial or the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Group 2 eligibility criteria were similar to those found in the National Lung Screening Trial. Conclusions. Computerized tomography screening for lung cancer among high-risk workers leads to a favorable yield of early-stage lung cancers. Public Health Implications. Health equity and efficiency dictate that screening high-risk workers for lung cancer should be an important public health priority.
Adoption of Tobacco- and Smoke-Free Policies in a US National Sample of Postsecondary Educational Institutions
Authors: Trad Catherine , Bayly Jennifer , Saint-Fort Launick , Andrews Mary , Patel Minal , Sabado-Liwag Melanie , Haynie Denise , Simons-Morton Bruce , Choi Kelvin 
Published: August 2018

Objectives. To examine the institutional characteristics associated with the adoption of tobacco- and smoke-free policies among US postsecondary educational institutions. Methods. In 2017, we collected information on tobacco policy types and institutional characteristics of a national sample of US postsecondary educational institutions (n = 605) attended by the participants of the NEXT Generation Health Study. We used logistic regression to examine the relationships between these variables. Results. Overall, 35.2% of these institutions adopted tobacco-free policies (i.e., prohibit all tobacco product use on campus), 10.1% had smoke-free policies (i.e., prohibit smoking but not other tobacco product use on campus), and 53.7% did not have tobacco- or smoke-free policies. Proprietary (privately owned, for-profit) institutions (vs public institutions) were the least likely to have tobacco- or smoke-free policies (P < .05), which were disproportionately attended by racial/ethnic minority students. Adoption of these policies also varied by census region (P < .05). Conclusions. Prevalence of tobacco- and smoke-free policies among US postsecondary educational institutions is low. Public Health Implications. Wide dissemination of evidence-based interventions to accelerate adoption of tobacco-free policies in all postsecondary educational institutions is warranted.
Land Use Effects on Soil Health in Semiarid Drylands
Authors: Thapa Vesh R. , Ghimire Rajan , Mikha Maysoon M. , Idowu Omololu J. , Marsalis Mark A. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Effects of diverse land uses on soil health indicators were evaluated.
Conversion to grassland restores soil organic carbon lost due to cultivation.
Livestock integration in cropping systems improves soil organic matter storage.
Minimizing soil disturbance improves soil structure and thereby reduces soil erosion.
Recent interest in improving soil health and resilience recognizes the role soil organic matter (SOM) plays in the living components and the essential functions they provide. A study was conducted to evaluate SOM components, including soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic matter, potassium permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), inorganic N, and wet aggregate stability as indicators of soil health under grazed native pasture, cropland converted to grassland, conventional‐tilled grazed cropland, and no‐tilled and strip‐tilled croplands with no grazing. The SOC content was 36.9% greater in grasslands than croplands irrespective of grazing management, and POXC/SOC ratio was 41.2% greater in strip‐tilled croplands than other land uses. Soil inorganic N was 270% greater in croplands than grasslands. The wet aggregate stability in conventional‐tilled grazed cropland was 22.6% lower than other land uses. Restoring grasslands and livestock integration have potential to improve soil health and resilience in semiarid drylands through improvements in SOM dynamics.
Economic and Environmental Impact Assessment of Tractor Guidance Technology
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Lindsay K. R. , Popp M. P. , Owens P. R. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Tractor guidance (TG) technology allows for spatially precise input applications.
A decision‐support tool was developed to quantify environmental and economic impacts of TG.
Greatest C equivalent emission reductions and cost savings occurred with Cotton‐Only scenario.
TG was profitable for operations evaluated and led to C equivalent emissions reductions.
This tool may improve agricultural sustainability and enhance technology adoption.
Tractor guidance technology allows for more spatially precise input applications, which leads to efficiency gains that are difficult to quantify at the systems level. A decision‐support tool, Tractor Guidance Analysis (TGA), was developed to quantify carbon equivalent (CE) emission reductions associated with this technology for three scenarios (500 ha each): (i) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), (ii) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and (iii) cotton and soybean mixed. Carbon equivalent emission reductions for cotton, soybean, and mixed enterprises were 27.5, 5.6, and 16.5 kg ha−1, with attendant increases in farm profitability ($68,700, $16,900, and, $42,900, respectively). Tractor guidance led to total farm CE emission reductions of 15.7, 3.5, and 9.6 Mg for cotton, soybean, and mixed operations, respectively. These results highlight that CE reductions are (i) crop specific, (ii) scale dependent, and (iii) equipment and input‐use specific. Consequently, TGA can improve agricultural sustainability by informing users of economic and environmental repercussions of tractor guidance and may thereby enhance technology adoption.
Potential of Cool‐Season Species as Cover Crops and Forage in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Han K.J. , Smith D. J. , Pitman W.D. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Productivity of cool‐season cover crops depends on seasonal weather conditions.
The annual grasses can produce substantial regrowth following winter harvest.
Optimized growth termination justifies dual‐purpose plantings of cool‐season annuals.
Cool‐season annuals can provide nutritious forage from late winter to early spring in addition to contributing soil conservation benefits during the winter season in the lower southern states. This application may reduce the direct input cost coming from adopting a winter cover crop in row crop production. A 2‐year field trial was conducted to determine the relative early‐season forage value of a variety of crops when planted for combined purposes of forage production and winter cover crops. The eight cover crop treatments included seven monocultures—annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), cereal rye (Secale cereal), oats (Avena sativa), triticale (Triticale hexaploide), radish (Raphanus sativus), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum)—and a mixture of annual ryegrass/crimson clover/radish. Two harvests were made each year considering potential crop rotation. The dry matter (DM) yield ranged across cool‐season annual crop treatments from 1478 lb/acre for crimson clover in 2016 to 3983 lb/acre for oats in 2015. Delayed fall planting due to excessive rainfall in 2015 reduced DM yields and delayed growth for an initial harvest by almost 3 weeks compared with the first year. All treatments produced highly digestible forage, based on in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) analysis, ranging from 71–92%. As the growing season advanced, acid detergent fiber (ADF) in triticale increased at the greatest rate among the tested cover crops. Crude protein (CP) decreased more than 7 percentage points between harvests in the grasses and radish while CP response of legumes was not consistent between years. Dual‐purpose plantings of oats or an early maturing annual legume for combined cover crop contributions and forage production appear particularly appropriate for cropping systems with no‐till April planting into grazed‐out cover crop stubble.
Weed Control with Bicyclopyrone + Bromoxynil in Wheat
Authors: San Martín Carolina , Lyon Drew J. , Gourlie Jennifer , Wetzel Henry C. , Barroso Judit 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil might be an alternative chemical control tool in wheat in the Pacific Northwest.
Bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil provided a very good control of mayweed chamomile.
High application rates of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil provided a good control of prickly lettuce.
Chemical weed control options in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) are currently limited due to the presence of resistant weed biotypes. The efficacy of a new post‐emergence herbicide in wheat, bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil (Talinor), was evaluated for mayweed chamomile (Anthemis cotula L.) and prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) control in eastern Washington and Oregon in 2016 and 2017. Bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil provided superior control of mayweed chamomile in winter wheat compared with pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil (Huskie). Mayweed chamomile control was similar across all three rates of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil used in the study. Pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil provided greater control of prickly lettuce in spring wheat than bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil except when bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil was applied at the highest rate. Bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil will provide winter wheat growers with an effective option for controlling mayweed chamomile, and at higher use rates, with an alternative option for prickly lettuce control in spring wheat.
Antimicrobial‐Resistant E. coli from Surface Waters in Southwest Ontario Dairy Farms
Authors: Taggar Gurleen , Rehman Muhammad Attiq , Yin Xianhua , Lepp Dion , Ziebell Kim , Handyside Patrick , Boerlin Patrick , Diarra Moussa Sory 
Published: August 2018

Untreated surface waters can be contaminated with a variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, some of which can be pathogenic for both humans and animals. Therefore, such waters need to be treated before their use in dairy operations to mitigate risks to dairy cow health and milk safety. To understand the molecular ecology of E. coli, this study aimed to assess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in E. coli recovered from untreated surface water sources of dairy farms. Untreated surface water samples (n = 240) from 15 dairy farms were collected and processed to isolate E. coli. A total of 234 E. coli isolates were obtained and further characterized for their serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility. Of the 234 isolates, 71.4% were pan‐susceptible, 23.5% were resistant to one or two antimicrobial classes, and 5.1% were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes. Whole genome sequence analysis of 11 selected multidrug‐resistant isolates revealed AMR genes including blaCMY‐2 and blaCTX‐M‐1 that confer resistance to the critically important extended‐spectrum cephalosporins, as well as a variety of plasmids (mainly of the IncF replicon type) and class 1 integrons. Phylogenetic and comparative genome analysis revealed a genetic relationship between some of the sequenced E. coli and Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli O157:H7 (STEC), which warrants further investigation. This study shows that untreated surface water sources contain antimicrobial‐resistant E. coli, which may serve as a reservoir of AMR that could be disseminated through horizontal gene transfer. This is another reason why effective water treatment before usage should be routinely done on dairy farm operations.Core Ideas
Surface water is a valuable input for livestock production.
Untreated surface water can be a source of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria.
Multidrug‐resistant E. coli strains may facilitate spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Whole genome sequencing provides insight into the molecular ecology of E. coli from surface water.
This highlights the need to implement efficient water treatment units for dairy farms.
Soil Evolution and Mass Flux of Basaltic Cinder Cones in a Cool, Semi‐Arid Climate
Authors: Vaughan Karen L. , McDaniel Paul , Strawn Daniel , Blecker Steve 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Soil development across a chronosequence of basaltic cinder cones.
Elemental mass balance data were used to investigate secondary mineral formation.
Elucidate rates and processes of early stage weathering.
Soil developmental processes on young volcanic cinders in cool, semiarid climates are not well understood and previously under‐studied, but present a unique setting within which to study neoformation of soils under well‐dated time constraints. This study investigates the development of physical, chemical, and mineralogical soil properties on a chronosequence of basaltic cinder cones, aged approximately 2.1, 6.9, and 13.9 ka, at Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve in southern Idaho. Representative parent material, coarse fragments, and soil samples were analyzed using selective dissolutions and total elemental digests. Elemental mass balance data were used together with the soil physicochemical data to investigate weathering and secondary mineral formation within each soil profile. The highest degree of weathering was identified on the 13.9 ka profile, followed by the 6.9 and 2.1 ka soils. Short‐range ordered minerals, including allophane and ferrihydrite, dominate the colloidal fraction of all soils, with greatest proportions in the oldest soil. Dominant soil‐forming processes documented along the chronosequence of basalt‐derived soils are the accumulation of organic carbon, weathering of rock fragments, loss of base cations, redistribution of Fe, Al, and Ti, and the accumulation of secondary short‐range order and crystalline minerals. This study provides critical information to elucidate rates and processes of early stage weathering, dust influence, and soil evolution on cinders in cool and dry climates.
Characterization of Grain‐Size Distribution, Thermal Conductivity, and Gas Diffusivity in Variably Saturated Binary Sand Mixtures
Authors: Deepagoda T.K.K. Chamindu , Smits Kathleen , Jayarathne J.R.R.N. , Wallen Benjamin M. , Clough Timothy J. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Parameterized models are relevant to applications where different porous media mixtures are used.
Models include a grain‐size distribution function to describe bimodal behavior for binary mixtures.
Improved model describes observed thermal conductivity–saturation relations for binary mixtures.
Combined Buckingham–Penman model used to describe observed gas diffusivity–air content relations.
This work is relevant for proper simulation of mixed porous media.
Characterization of differently textured porous materials, as well as different volumetric porous media mixtures, in relation to mass and heat transport is vital for many engineering and research applications. Functional relations describing physical (e.g., grain‐size distribution, total porosity), thermal, and gas diffusion properties of porous media and mixtures are necessary to optimize the design of porous systems that involve heat and gas transport processes. However, only a limited number of studies provide characterization of soil physical, thermal, and gas diffusion properties and the functional relationships of these properties under varying soil water contents, especially for soil mixtures, complicating optimization efforts. To better understand how mixing controls the physical, thermal, and gas diffusion properties of porous media, a set of laboratory experiments was performed using five volumetric mixtures of coarse‐ and fine‐grained sand particles. For each mixture, the grain‐size distribution (GSD), thermal conductivity, and gas diffusivity were obtained and parameterized using existing and suggested parametric models. Results show that the extended, two‐region Rosin–Rammler particle‐size distribution model proposed in this study could successfully describe the bimodal behavior of the GSD of binary mixtures. Further, the modified Côté and Konrad thermal conductivity model adequately described the thermal conductivity–water saturation relations observed in different mixtures. The proposed simple soil‐gas diffusivity descriptive model parameterized the upper limit, average, and lower limit behavior in gas diffusivity–air content relations in apparently texture‐invariant gas diffusivity data. Results further show a close analogy between gas diffusivity and thermal conductivity and their variation with saturation across different binary mixtures. Overall, the results of the study provide useful numerical insight into the physical, thermal, and gas transport characteristics of binary mixtures, with wide implications for future engineering and research applications that involve multicomponent porous systems.
Light Chain LC and TAT-EGFP-HCS of Botulinum Toxin Expression and Biological Function in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hao Fengjin , Feng Yueqin , Guan Yifu 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To verify whether the botulinum toxin heavy chain HCS has specific neuronal
targeting function and to confirm whether TAT-EGFP-LC has hydrolyzable SNAP-25 and has transmembrane
biological activity.

Methods:
We constructed the pET-28a-TAT-EGFP-HCS/LC plasmid. After the plasmid is expressed
and purified, we co-cultured it with nerve cells or tumors. In addition, we used Western-Blot to identify
whether protein LC and TAT-EGFP-LC can digest the protein SNAP-25.

Results:
Fluorescence imaging showed that PC12, BV2, C6 and HeLa cells all showed green fluorescence,
and TAT-EGFP-HCS had the strongest fluorescence. Moreover, TAT-EGFP-LC can hydrolyze
intracellular SNAP-25 in PC12 cells, C6 cells, BV2 cells and HeLa, whereas LC alone cannot. In addition,
the in vivo protein TAT-EGFP-HCS can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enter mouse brain
tissue.

Conclusion:
TAT-EGFP-HSC expressed in vitro has neural guidance function and can carry large proteins
across the cell membrane without influencing the biological activity.
Copper Catalysts in the Synthesis of Five-membered N-polyheterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Due to significant biological activity associated with N-, O- and S-heterocycles, a
number of reports for their synthesis have appeared in recent decades. Traditional approaches require expensive
or highly specialized equipment or would be of limited use to the synthetic organic chemist due to their
highly inconvenient approaches. This review summarizes the applications of copper catalysts with the
emphasis on their synthetic applications for nitrogen bearing polyheterocylces. In summary, this review article
describes the synthesis of a number of five-membered poly heterocyclic rings.

Objective:
Nowadays new approaches that employ atom-economical and efficient pathway have been developed.
The researchers are following natural models to design and synthesize heterocycles. The transition metal
catalyzed protocols have attracted the attention as compared to other synthetic methodologies because they use
easily available substrates to build multiple substituted complicated molecules directly under mild conditions.
In organic synthesis, constituted by transition metal catalyzed coupling transformations are one of the most
powerful and useful protocols. The N-heterocycles are synthesized by this convenient and useful tool.

Conclusion:
The efficient and chemoselective synthesis of heterocycles by this technique has appeared as an
important tool. This review shows a highly dynamic research field and the employment of copper catalysts in
organic synthesis. Several strategies have been pointed out in the past few years, to meet more sustainable, efficient
and environmentally benign chemical products and procedures. The catalytic strategies have been the
focus of intense research because they avoid the use of toxic reagents. Among these catalytic strategies, highly
rewarding and an important method in heterocycles synthesis is metal catalyzed synthesis.
HIV Testing in Women in Relation to Intimate Partner Violence and Substance Use: A Systematic Review
Authors: Washio Yukiko , Novack Elizabeth , Teitelman Anne M. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Low-income racial/ethnic minority women are disproportionately
represented in substance use and intimate partner violence (IPV) among those who are at risk for or
live with HIV– collectively called the SAVA syndemic. Little is known about how IPV exposure
and substance use impact HIV testing uptake among low-income racial/ethnic minority women.

Aim:
The objective of the current study is to conduct systematic literature review of SAVA
syndemic on HIV testing among women.

Design/Methods:
A systematic literature review was conducted between February and September
2016 using databases of PubMed, Ovid/Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, and CINHAL/Nursing.
Quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed studies published in English that covered the topics of
HIV testing, women, IPV, and substance use were reviewed. Study contents were summarized and
reviewed to identify the gap in studying the impact of substance use and IPV on HIV testing in
women.

Results:
Among women at risk for substance use and IPV (N = 6,259), HIV testing was perceived
to be a priority especially if they were injecting drugs and engaging in risky sexual practice;
however, barriers were also identified including stigma, privacy issue, convenience, and fear of
receiving an HIV-positive result.

Conclusions:

Findings were informative in meeting the needs of HIV testing and counseling for
women at risk for substance use and IPV while addressing the potential barriers to increase access
to the service.