bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐core ready discrete element method with triangles using dynamically adaptive multiscale grids
Authors: Krestenitis Konstantinos , Weinzierl Tobias 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe simulation of vast numbers of rigid bodies of non‐analytical shapes and of tremendously different sizes that collide with each other is computationally challenging. A bottleneck is the identification of all particle contact points per time step. We propose a tree‐based multilevel meta data structure to administer the particles. The data structure plus a purpose‐made tree traversal identifying the contact points introduce concurrency to the particle comparisons, whilst they keep the absolute number of particle‐to‐particle comparisons low. Furthermore, a novel adaptivity criterion allows explicit time stepping to work with comparably large time steps. It optimises both toward low algorithmic complexity per time step and low numbers of time steps. We study three different parallelisation strategies exploiting our traversal's concurrency. The fusion of two of them yields promising speedups once we rely on maximally asynchronous task‐based realisations. Our work shows that new computer architecture can push the boundary of rigid particle computability, yet if and only if the right data structures and data processing schemes are chosen.
Energy efficiency and I/O performance of low‐power architectures
Authors: Pavan Pablo J. , K. Lorenzoni Ricardo , R. Machado Vinícius , Bez Jean L. , Padoin Edson L. , Z. Boito Francieli , Navaux Philippe O.A. , Méhaut Jean‐François 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis paper presents an energy efficiency and I/O performance analysis of low‐power architectures when compared to conventional architectures, with the goal of studying the viability of using them as storage servers. Our results show that despite the fact the power demand of the storage device amounts for a small fraction of the power demand of the whole system, significant increases in power demand are observed when accessing the storage device. We investigate the access pattern impact on power demand, looking at the whole system and at the storage device by itself, and compare all tested configurations regarding energy efficiency. Then we extrapolate the conclusions from this research to provide guidelines for when considering the replacement of traditional storage servers by low‐power alternatives. We show the choice depends on the expected workload, estimates of power demand of the systems, and factors limiting performance. These guidelines can be applied for other architectures than the ones used in this work.
Rfoot: Transcriptome‐Scale Identification of RNA‐Protein Complexes from Ribosome Profiling Data
Authors: Ji Zhe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRibosome profiling was developed to identify genome‐wide RNA fragments associated with translating ribosomes. However, no experimental procedure was developed to effectively purify ribosome‐RNA complexes. Actually, ribosome profiling is a transcriptomic RNase footprinting assay, which can identify both ribosomal and non‐ribosomal protein‐RNA complexes. Many sequencing reads represent functional RNA footprints associated with non‐ribosomal proteins. Here I present a computational pipeline named Rfoot to systematically identify genome‐wide non‐ribosomal RNA footprints, based on the highly localized read distribution feature. Analyses have revealed native functional protein‐RNA complexes in lncRNAs, 3′UTRs of mRNAs, and all types of small noncoding RNAs. This computational tool is useful for discovering novel noncoding functions of RNAs. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental investigations on seismic behavior and design of bottom vertical boundary elements in multi‐story steel plate shear walls
Authors: Li Chao‐Hsien , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Su Lei , Lin Pao‐Chun , Lin Te‐Hung 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis research investigates the seismic behavior and design method for the bottom‐level boundary columns, also called the vertical boundary elements (VBEs), in multi‐story steel plate shear walls (SPSWs). This paper firstly introduces the proposed design method for the bottom‐level VBE for the case when a frame swaying action causes the VBE to bend in single curvature, as is often seen in mid‐ and high‐rise buildings. Two 12‐story (12F) prototype SPSWs were designed using the proposed design method. Two 40%‐scale substructural test specimens representing the first 2.5 stories of the 12F SPSW prototype designs were cyclically tested with the Multi‐Axial Testing System at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in 2013. The test results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design method in predicting the yielding of the top end of the bottom VBE. In addition, test results show that the lateral torsional buckling of the bottom VBE could occur after the VBE top end yields, indicating that premature top‐end yielding should be prohibited for the bottom VBE before the SPSW develops uniform yielding mechanism under the lateral forces.
The influence of contextual factors on implementation fidelity in a whole school approach to prevention of violence against women
Authors: Joyce Andrew , Ollis Debbie , Kearney Sarah , Leung Loksee , Foenander Emily 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIssue addressedImplementation fidelity relates to the degree of adherence to implementation protocols and content and helps to guide replication of evidence‐based programs. In settings‐based research, notions of fidelity have been applied more often to delivery of education content rather than whole of setting change. The aims of this paper were firstly, to analyse how contextual factors influenced implementation of a whole school program on respectful relationships education, and secondly given the findings, discuss whether a more flexible approach to implementation fidelity may have yielded increased school engagement.MethodsThe project was conducted in 19 secondary schools in Victoria in 2015. This paper reports on focus groups and interviews which were conducted with 81 school staff and 28 staff from the lead agency, community agency partners, and departmental staff to understand the contextual factors influencing implementation.ResultsThe program followed a traditional implementation fidelity approach of considering core elements and some minor scope for adaption which engaged some regions and schools but not others.ConclusionAn alternative notion of implementation fidelity, “fidelity to function,” may have permitted increased flexibility to tailor the intervention components to suit different school and community contexts and potentially, increasing both the reach and impact of the program.So what?Understanding how to apply notions of fidelity to guide whole of setting change are important considerations if programs are to be replicated to have wider reach and greater impact and effectiveness.
Accounting for employee health: The productivity cost of leading health risks
Authors: Street Tamara D. , Lacey Sarah J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground“Workplace health promotion and protection” broadly refers to an integrated approach to workplace health and safety initiatives. There are substantial benefits to adopting such an approach, including the potential for: improvements to individual employees’ health and well‐being; increased productivity; and reduced safety risks and expenses. Yet many employers remain reluctant to shift from traditional safety initiatives and spending. This paper aims to demonstrate the value of investing in an integrated health promotion and protection approach by calculating the productivity costs associated with 11 modifiable health risks and 14 chronic conditions in an Australian mining company.MethodEight hundred and ninety‐seven employees participated in a self‐report health survey aimed at investigating employee health behaviours, health conditions and productivity.ResultsOverall, modifiable health risks and chronic health conditions were calculated to contribute to an estimated $22.15 million (AUD) and $7.95 million (AUD) in lost productivity per 1000 employees per annum, respectively. Although employee stress was identified as the third highest prevalence health risk across the employee sample (at 42%), it accounted for the highest financial burden.ConclusionEmployee health plays a vital role in the profitability, productivity, and safety outcomes of an organisation. For modifiable health risks and chronic conditions, ailments that affected cognition resulted in the highest financial burden (ie, stress and migraine headaches).So what?These findings make a strong financial and business case for the integration of preventative health and safety initiatives, with particular emphasis on modifiable health risk behaviours.
Health‐personnel recruitment and retention target policy for health care providers in the rural communities: A retrospective investigation at Pudong New Area of Shanghai in China
Authors: Jing Limei , Liu Kun , Zhou Xuhong , Wang Li , Huang Yao , Shu Zhiqun , Lou Jiquan , Fan Jincheng , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: August 2018

SummaryTo tackle the shortage of health personnel in the rural areas of Pudong New Area of Shanghai, the local government issued an incentive policy as one of the medical reforms. The current investigation focused on the relevant incentive measures and their corresponding effects and problems with a view to providing referential and useful experiences for those who are engaged in addressing the same problem at home and abroad. The details of the incentive policy were derived from the government document, and the related data about the flow of the rural community health care providers, from the institutional investigation. As indicated by the current investigation, the incentive policy produced some positive effect in attracting health care providers to work in the rural community health centers, especially general practitioners, nurses, MS/MD degree holders, and intermediate professional title holders to be employed in the farther ones. However, it was turned out that the population of high quality health care providers was still not sufficient enough to cover the whole rural areas, which suggested that it was still hard to draw such qualified medical individuals. To conclude in the current investigation, we made three recommendations for the policymakers to take into account in terms of policy maintenance, benefits for health personnel, and guarantee of their lawful rights and interests.
Using source‐specific models to test the impact of sediment source classification on sediment fingerprinting
Authors: Vercruysse Kim , Grabowski Robert C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSediment fingerprinting estimates sediment source contributions directly from river sediment. Despite being fundamental to the interpretation of sediment fingerprinting results, the classification of sediment sources and its impact on the accuracy of source apportionment remain underinvestigated. This study assessed the impact of source classification on sediment fingerprinting based on diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry (DRIFTS), using individual, source‐specific partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) models. The objectives were to (a) perform a model sensitivity analysis through systematically omitting sediment sources and (b) investigate how sediment source‐group discrimination and the importance of the groups as actual sources relate to variations in results. Within the Aire catchment (United Kingdom), five sediment sources were classified and sampled (n = 117): grassland topsoil in three lithological areas (limestone, millstone grit, and coal measures); riverbanks; and street dust. Experimental mixtures (n = 54) of the sources were used to develop PLSR models between known quantities of a single source and DRIFTS spectra of the mixtures, which were applied to estimate source contributions from DRIFTS spectra of suspended (n = 200) and bed (n = 5) sediment samples. Dominant sediment sources were limestone topsoil (45 ± 12%) and street dust (43 ± 10%). Millstone and coals topsoil contributed on average 19 ± 13% and 14 ± 10%, and riverbanks 16 ± 18%. Due to the use of individual PLSR models, the sum of all contributions can deviate from 100%; thus, a model sensitivity analysis assessed the impact and accuracy of source classification. Omitting less important sources (e.g., coals topsoil) did not change the contributions of other sources, whereas omitting important, poorly‐discriminated sources (e.g., riverbank) increased the contributions of all sources. In other words, variation in source classification substantially alters source apportionment depending on source discrimination and source importance. These results will guide development of procedures for evaluating the appropriate type and number of sediment sources in DRIFTS‐PLSR sediment fingerprinting.
A Study of Contemporary Zeolites
Authors: Collins Leo F. 
Published: August 2018

SYNOPSISThis paper is a compilation of data concerning the chemistry and use of contemporary zeolites. Chemical analyses of raw materials, and of a representative number of new and used zeolites from each of the various classes plus 35 sieve analyses of new and used products, and a résumé of theories concerning the constitution and reactions of base‐exchangers constitutes the nucleus of the treatise. It is shown that the chemical composition of natural zeolites is not materially changed by the processing methods used, that the latter are similar in character and that for zeolites of a given class there is little difference in chemical composition. It is also shown that the chemical and physical characteristics of six different zeolites were changed upon use, and it is pointed out that the susceptibility of contemporary products to yield to certain external influences limits their industrial utility, particularly their use in the treatment of waters for steam boilers.In general the paper establishes a basis for judging the limits within which such materials may be expected to perform with reasonable satisfaction and in the general summary nine precautions are listed for ameliorating the major troubles which are believed to frequently attend the operation of large softeners.
Neighborhood collective efficacy and collective action: The role of civic engagement
Authors: Carbone Jason T. , McMillin Stephen Edward 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTheory suggests that by strengthening collective efficacy among neighbors, neighborhoods can more effectively engage in collective action. The research linking the two components of collective efficacy–social cohesion and social control–with collective action is limited. This study uses structural equation modeling with a nationally representative sample from the United States Census Bureau's American Housing Survey (N = 22,106) to analyze these relationships. This analysis finds that neither component of collective efficacy is directly associated with collective action. Instead, social cohesion is negatively, directly associated with civic engagement, social control is positively directly associated with civic engagement, and civic engagement is positively associated with collective action. Social cohesion and social control are indirectly associated with collective action when including civic engagement. Understanding the associations between collective efficacy, civic engagement, and collective action is informative for understanding effective and efficient community participation to facilitate change.
Protein acetylation in skeletal muscle mitochondria is involved in impaired fatty acid oxidation and exercise intolerance in heart failure
Authors: Tsuda Masaya , Fukushima Arata , Matsumoto Junichi , Takada Shingo , Kakutani Naoya , Nambu Hideo , Yamanashi Katsuma , Furihata Takaaki , Yokota Takashi , Okita Koichi , Kinugawa Shintaro , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundExercise intolerance is a common clinical feature and is linked to poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Skeletal muscle dysfunction, including impaired energy metabolism in the skeletal muscle, is suspected to play a central role in this intolerance, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Lysine acetylation, a recently identified post‐translational modification, has emerged as a major contributor to the derangement of mitochondrial metabolism. We thus investigated whether mitochondrial protein acetylation is associated with impaired skeletal muscle metabolism and lowered exercise capacity in both basic and clinical settings of HF.MethodsWe first conducted a global metabolomic analysis to determine whether plasma acetyl‐lysine is a determinant factor for peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) in HF patients. We then created a murine model of HF (n = 11) or sham‐operated (n = 11) mice with or without limited exercise capacity by ligating a coronary artery, and we tested the gastrocnemius tissues by using mass spectrometry‐based acetylomics. A causative relationship between acetylation and the activity of a metabolic enzyme was confirmed in in vitro studies.ResultsThe metabolomic analysis verified that acetyl‐lysine was the most relevant metabolite that was negatively correlated with peak VO2 (r = −0.81, P < 0.01). At 4 weeks post‐myocardial infarction HF, a treadmill test showed lowered work (distance × body weight) and peak VO2 in the HF mice compared with the sham‐operated mice (11 ± 1 vs. 23 ± 1 J, P < 0.01; 143 ± 5 vs. 159 ± 3 mL/kg/min, P = 0.01; respectively). As noted, the protein acetylation of gastrocnemius mitochondria was 48% greater in the HF mice than the sham‐operated mice (P = 0.047). Acetylproteomics identified the mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation (FAO), the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the electron transport chain as targets of acetylation. In parallel, the FAO enzyme (β‐hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase) activity and fatty acid‐driven mitochondrial respiration were reduced in the HF mice. This alteration was associated with a decreased expression of mitochondrial deacetylase, Sirtuin 3, because silencing of Sirtuin 3 in cultured skeletal muscle cells resulted in increased mitochondrial acetylation and reduced β‐hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity.ConclusionsEnhanced mitochondrial protein acetylation is associated with impaired FAO in skeletal muscle and reduced exercise capacity in HF. Our results indicate that lysine acetylation is a crucial mechanism underlying deranged skeletal muscle metabolism, suggesting that its modulation is a potential approach for exercise intolerance in HF.
Endogenous co-expression of two T cell receptors promotes lymphopenia-induced proliferation via increased affinity for self-antigen
Authors: Balakrishnan Amritha , Jama Burhan , Morris Gerald P 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Approximately 10% of peripheral T cells express 2 functional TCR αβ heterodimers. Receptor co-expression changes the repertoire of TCRs produced during thymic development, enabling generation of T cells bearing TCRs not capable of mediating positive selection or that would normally be negatively selected. The effect of receptor co-expression on the composition and functionality of the peripheral TCR repertoire is not well defined, though evidence demonstrates dual TCR cells pose an increased risk for unwanted immune responses such as autoimmunity and alloreactivity. Based on our previous finding that dual TCR expression promotes positive selection, we hypothesized that dual TCR expression may enhance T cell homeostasis via increased reactivity against self-peptide:MHC (pMHC) ligands. To examine the effect of dual TCR expression on T cell homeostasis, we performed cotransfer experiments comparing T cells genetically deficient for dual TCR expression (TCRα+/−) with wild-type T cells in models of acute and chronic lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP). Lack of dual TCR expression resulted in reduced LIP. The effect of dual TCR expression on LIP was most pronounced in acute lymphopenia, which is driven by recognition of low-affinity self-pMHC ligands. Differences in homeostatic proliferation were not attributable to differences in total TCR expression or signaling, but were dependent on interaction with MHC and associated with increased affinity for positively selecting self-pMHC as evidenced by higher expression of CD5 by dual TCR cells from wild-type mice. These results represent an unappreciated novel mechanism driving homeostasis and shaping the T cell repertoire, potentially promoting autoreactive or heterologous immune responses.
Co-expression of 2 TCRs enhances homeostatic proliferation in settings of acute lymphopenia, driving post-transplant expansion of dual TCR cells with known auto- and alloreactivity.
Japanese Antibacterial Drug Management for Cardiac Sarcoidosis (J‐ACNES): A multicenter, open‐label, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Ishibashi Kohei , Eishi Yoshinobu , Tahara Nobuhiro , Asakura Masanori , Sakamoto Naka , Nakamura Kazufumi , Takaya Yoichi , Nakamura Tomohisa , Yazaki Yoshikazu , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Asakura Koko , Anzai Toshihisa , Noguchi Teruo , Yasuda Satoshi , Terasaki Fumio , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Kusano Kengo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundCardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a noncaseating granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Lifelong immunosuppressive therapy, most frequently using corticosteroids, is a standard therapy to control hypersensitivity of immune reactions and prevent inflammation. However, it sometimes causes various systemic adverse effects and requires dose escalation. Thus, additional therapy may be required for the treatment of this disease. Recently, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) was reported as one of the etiologic agents of CS, indicating that antibacterial drugs (ABD) may be effective for the treatment of CS. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ABD treatment, in addition to standard corticosteroid therapy, in patients with CS.MethodsThe Japanese Antibacterial Drug Management for Cardiac Sarcoidosis (J‐ACNES) trial was designed as a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open‐label, controlled clinical trial. The patients will be randomized to receive either standard corticosteroid therapy plus ABD therapy (ABD group) or standard corticosteroid therapy (standard group). The primary endpoint is change in the total standardized uptake value at 6 months vs baseline using fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography. Secondary endpoints include efficacy, prognosis, and safety.ResultsThe results of this study are currently under investigation.ConclusionThe J‐ACNES trial will be the first prospective study assessing the clinical benefit and safety of ABD therapy, in addition to corticosteroid treatment, in patients with CS. Our findings may improve treatment of patients with CS, as additional ABD therapy reduces recurrence of inflammation and elucidates the mechanism of sarcoidosis.