bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Semantic Congruence on Sign Identification: An ERP Study
Authors: Lu Guoying , Hou Guanhua 
Published: June 2019

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of semantic congruence and incongruence on sign identification by using event-related potentials (ERPs). Background Sign systems have crucial roles in public spaces and traffic facilities. Poorly designed signs can easily confuse pedestrians and drivers and reduce the efficiency of public activities and urban administration. Method Thirty-one participants completed a sign identification experiment independently in a laboratory setting. Experimental materials were selected from GB/T 10001, a Chinese national recommendation standard that is officially named Public Information Graphical Symbols for Use on Signs. All ERP data were processed using MATLAB 13b, and behavioral data were analyzed using Stata 14. Results N170, P200, N300, and N400 components were induced during semantic processing. Statistical analysis revealed that semantic congruence has a main effect on N300 in the frontal region and has a main effect on N400 at FZ in the frontal region, CPZ in the parietal-central region, and PZ in the parietal region. Amplitudes of N300 induced by picture–word matching were considerably different between the two experimental conditions at electrodes FZ and FCZ. Amplitudes of N400 were significantly larger in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition. Conclusion The study demonstrated that N300 and N400 are promising indicators for measuring semantic congruence in future sign design. Application Our findings provide ERP indicators for measuring the semantic congruence of sign design, which can be easily applied to improve the efficiency of sign design and sign comprehension.
European College of Phlebology guideline for truncal ablation
Authors: Kürşat Bozkurt A , Lawaetz Martin , Danielsson Gudmundur , Lazaris Andreas M , Pavlovic Milos , Olariu Sorin , Rasmussen Lars 
Published: June 2019

Background The purpose of the guideline was to achieve consensus in the care and treatment of patients with chronic venous disease, based on current evidence. Method A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, and the Cochrane library up until 1 February 2019. Additional relevant literature were added through checking of references. Level of evidence was graded through the GRADE scale and recommendations were concluded. Results For the treatment of great and small saphenous vein reflux, endovenous ablation with laser or radiofrequency was recommended in preference to surgery or foam sclerotherapy. If tributaries are to be treated it should be done in the same procedure. Treatment with mecanicochemical ablation and glue can be used but we still need long term follow up results. Conclusion For the treatment of truncal varicosities, endovenous ablation with laser or radiofrequency combined with phlebectomies is recommended before surgery or foam.
Inclusion, characteristics and outcomes of people requiring palliative care in studies of non-pharmacological interventions for delirium: A systematic review
Authors: Hosie Annmarie , Siddiqi Najma , Featherstone Imogen , Johnson Miriam , Lawlor Peter G , Bush Shirley H , Amgarth-Duff Ingrid , Edwards Layla , Cheah Seong Leang , Phillips Jane , Agar Meera 
Published: June 2019

Background: Delirium is common, distressing, serious and under-researched in specialist palliative care settings. Objectives: To examine whether people requiring palliative care were included in non-pharmacological delirium intervention studies in inpatient settings, how they were characterised and what their outcomes were. Design: Systematic review (PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017062178). Data sources: Systematic search in March 2017 for non-pharmacological delirium intervention studies in adult inpatients. Database search terms were ‘delirium’, ‘hospitalisation’, ‘inpatient’, ‘palliative care’, ‘hospice’, ‘critical care’ and ‘geriatrics’. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodological checklists guided risk of bias assessment. Results: The 29 included studies were conducted between 1994 and 2015 in diverse settings in 15 countries (9136 participants, mean age = 76.5 years ( SD = 8.1), 56% women). Most studies tested multicomponent interventions ( n = 26) to prevent delirium ( n = 19). Three-quarters of the 29 included studies ( n = 22) excluded various groups of people requiring palliative care; however, inclusion criteria, participant diagnoses, illness severity and mortality indicated their presence in almost all studies ( n = 26). Of these, 21 studies did not characterise participants requiring palliative care or report their specific outcomes (72%), four reported outcomes for older people with frailty, dementia, cancer and comorbidities, and one was explicitly focused on people receiving palliative care. Study heterogeneity and limitations precluded definitive determination of intervention effectiveness and only allowed interpretations of feasibility for people requiring palliative care. Acceptability outcomes (intervention adverse events and patients’ subjective experience) were rarely reported overall. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological delirium interventions have frequently excluded and under-characterised people requiring palliative care and infrequently reported their outcomes.
Robotic technology for palliative and supportive care: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
Authors: Nwosu Amara Callistus , Sturgeon Bethany , McGlinchey Tamsin , Goodwin Christian DG , Behera Ardhendu , Mason Stephen , Stanley Sarah , Payne Terry R 
Published: June 2019

Background: Medical robots are increasingly used for a variety of applications in healthcare. Robots have mainly been used to support surgical procedures, and for a variety of assistive uses in dementia and elderly care. To date, there has been limited debate about the potential opportunities and risks of robotics in other areas of palliative, supportive and end-of-life care. Aim: The objective of this article is to examine the possible future impact of medical robotics on palliative, supportive care and end-of-life care. Specifically, we will discuss the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of this technology. Methods: A SWOT analysis to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of robotic technology in palliative and supportive care. Results: The opportunities of robotics in palliative, supportive and end-of-life care include a number of assistive, therapeutic, social and educational uses. However, there are a number of technical, societal, economic and ethical factors which need to be considered to ensure meaningful use of this technology in palliative care. Conclusion: Robotics could have a number of potential applications in palliative, supportive and end-of-life care. Future work should evaluate the health-related, economic, societal and ethical implications of using this technology. There is a need for collaborative research to establish use-cases and inform policy, to ensure the appropriate use (or non-use) of robots for people with serious illness.
Establishing key criteria to define and compare models of specialist palliative care: A mixed-methods study using qualitative interviews and Delphi survey
Authors: Firth Alice M , O’Brien Suzanne M , Guo Ping , Seymour Jane , Richardson Heather , Bridges Christopher , Hocaoglu Mevhibe B , Grande Gunn , Dzingina Mendwas , Higginson Irene J , Murtagh Fliss EM 
Published: June 2019

Background: Specialist palliative care services have various configurations of staff, processes and interventions, which determine how care is delivered. Currently, there is no consistent way to define and distinguish these different models of care. Aim: To identify the core components that characterise and differentiate existing models of specialist palliative care in the United Kingdom. Design: Mixed-methods study: (1) semi-structured interviews to identify criteria, (2) two-round Delphi study to rank/refine criteria, and (3) structured interviews to test/refine criteria. Setting/participants: Specialist palliative care stakeholders from hospice inpatient, hospital advisory, and community settings. Results: (1)  Semi-structured interviews with 14 clinical leads, from eight UK organisations (five hospice inpatient units, two hospital advisory teams, five community teams), provided 34 preliminary criteria. (2)  Delphi study: Round 1 (54 participants): thirty-four criteria presented, seven removed and seven added. Round 2 (30 participants): these 34 criteria were ranked with the 15 highest ranked criteria, including setting, type of care, size of service, diagnoses, disciplines, mode of care, types of interventions, ‘out-of-hours’ components (referrals, times, disciplines, mode of care, type of care), external education, use of measures, bereavement follow-up and complex grief provision. (3)  Structured interviews with 21 UK service leads (six hospice inpatients, four hospital advisory and nine community teams) refined the criteria from (1) and (2), and provided four further contextual criteria (team purpose, funding, self-referral acceptance and discharge). Conclusion: In this innovative study, we derive 20 criteria to characterise and differentiate models of specialist palliative care – a major paradigm shift to enable accurate reporting and comparison in practice and research.
Patient and carer involvement in palliative care research: An integrative qualitative evidence synthesis review
Authors: Chambers Eleni , Gardiner Clare , Thompson Jill , Seymour Jane 
Published: June 2019

Background: Patient/carer involvement in palliative care research has been reported as complex, difficult and less advanced compared to other areas of health and social care research. There is seemingly limited evidence on impact and effectiveness. Aim: To examine the evidence regarding patient/carer involvement in palliative care research and identify the facilitators, barriers, impacts and gaps in the evidence base. Design: Qualitative evidence synthesis using an integrative review approach and thematic analysis. Data sources: Electronic databases were searched up to March 2018. Additional methods included searching websites and ongoing/unpublished studies, author searching and contacting experts. Eligibility criteria were based on the SPICE (Setting, Perspective, Intervention, Comparison, Evaluation) framework. Two quality assessments on methodology and involvement were undertaken. Results: A total of 93 records were included. Eight main themes were identified, mainly concerning facilitators and barriers to effective patient and carer involvement in palliative care research: definitions/roles, values/principles, organisations/culture, training/support, networking/groups, perspectives/diversity, relationships/communication and emotions/impact. Evidence on the impact of involvement was limited, but when carried out effectively, involvement brought positive benefits for all concerned, improving the relevance and quality of research. Evidence gaps were found in non-cancer populations and collaborative/user-led involvement. Conclusion: Evidence identified suggests that involvement in palliative care research is challenging, but not dissimilar to that elsewhere. The facilitators and barriers identified relate mainly to the conduct of researchers at an individual level; in particular, there exists a reluctance among professionals to undertake involvement, and myths still perpetuate that patients/carers do not want to be involved. A developed infrastructure, more involvement-friendly organisational cultures and a strengthening of the evidence base would also be beneficial.
Long non-coding RNA HAND2-AS1 downregulation predicts poor survival of patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cheng Xianlu , Jiang Hong 
Published: June 2019

Objective Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling is inhibited in end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and recombinant IGF-1 improves cardiac function in DCM patients. Long non-coding (lnc)RNA HAND2-AS1 was previously shown to be involved in cancer development, but its role in DCM is unknown. The present study investigated the involvement of IGF-1 and HAND2-AS1 in DCM. Methods Plasma HAND2-AS1 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. IGF-1 plasma levels were measured by a human IGF-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyzed correlations between levels of IGF-1 and HAND2-AS1. Patients were divided into high and low IGF-1 or lncRNA HAND2-AS1 groups, and survival curves were plotted and compared by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test, respectively. Results Plasma levels of IGF-1 and lncRNA HAND2-AS1 were significantly lower in end-stage DCM patients than in healthy controls, and were only positively correlated in end-stage DCM patients. A follow-up study revealed that low levels of IGF-1 or lncRNA HAND2-AS1 were significantly associated with poor survival. In the human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16, lncRNA HAND2-AS1 overexpression failed to alter IGF-1 levels and IGF-1 overexpression did not affect lncRNA HAND2-AS1 expression. Conclusions LncRNA HAND2-AS1 may participate in end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy.
Interactions between Police and Persons Who Experience Homelessness and Mental Illness in Toronto, Canada: Findings from a Prospective Study
Authors: Kouyoumdjian Fiona G. , Wang Ri , Mejia-Lancheros Cilia , Owusu-Bempah Akwasi , Nisenbaum Rosane , O’Campo Patricia , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Hwang Stephen W. 
Published: June 2019

Objective: We aimed to describe interactions between police and persons who experience homelessness and serious mental illness and explore whether housing status is associated with police interactions. Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of 2008 to 2013 data from the Toronto, Canada, site of the At Home/Chez Soi study. Using police administrative data, we calculated the number and types of police interactions, the proportion of charges for acts of living and administration of justice, and the proportion of occurrences due to victimization, involuntary psychiatric assessment, and suicidal behavior. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated the odds of police interaction by housing status. Results: This study included 547 adults with mental illness who were homeless at baseline. In the year prior to randomization, 55.8% of participants interacted with police, while 51.7% and 43.0% interacted with police in Study Years 1 and 2, respectively. Of 2,228 charges against participants, 12.6% were due to acts of living and 21.2% were for administration of justice. Of 518 occurrences, 41.1% were for victimization, 45.6% were for mental health assessment, and 22.2% were for suicidal behavior. The odds of any police interaction during the past 90 days was 47% higher for those who were homeless compared to those who were stably housed (95% CI 1.26 to 1.73). Conclusions: For people who experience homelessness and mental illness in Toronto, Canada, interactions with police are common. The provision of stable housing and changes in policy and practice could decrease harms and increase health benefits associated with police interactions for this population.
Morphine Use in Renal Failure: A Case Report of Single-Dose Morphine Toxicity in a Patient Requiring Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Slater Nicole A. , Todd Anthony M. , Trimmier Marirose C. , Campbell Kristina C. 
Published: June 2019

Objective: We describe a case of morphine toxicity presumably caused by accumulation of its active metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) secondary to reduced clearance by peritoneal dialysis. Methods: We present the relevant history and laboratory data and review pertinent literature regarding the use of opioids in renal failure. Results: A 76-year-old African-American female received one dose of morphine sulfate and developed signs and symptoms of morphine toxicity for 2 days, even after multiple peritoneal dialysis sessions. Conclusion: Because of reduced renal clearance of morphine and its metabolites in patients requiring peritoneal dialysis, morphine should be avoided as an analgesic option in this population due to increased risk of morphine toxicity.
India–China Relations: Putting the Record Straight
Authors: Bhattacharya Abanti 
Published: June 2019

Tansen Sen, India, China, and the World: A Connected History (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2018). Pp. 541, ₹770 (Paperback), ISBN 0-19-948554-2. Berenice Guyot-Rechard, Shadow States: India, China and the Himalayas, 1910–1962 (Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 2017). Pp. 321, ₹550 (Paperback), ISBN 978-1-108-40131-9. Bertil Lintner, China’s India War: Collision Course on the Roof of the World (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2018). Pp. 320, ₹675 (Hardcover), ISBN 0-19-947555-5.
Role of red blood cell distribution width in predicting the prognosis of patients with sepsis
Authors: Zhang Jian , He Xin‐hua , Yang Jun , Guo Shu‐bin 
Published: June 2019

Background:Sepsis is a dangerous disease with rapid development and high mortality rate, which is an important cause of death for critically ill patients. Therefore, timely and accurate assessment of patients’ condition is beneficial to improve prognosis and reduce mortality.Objective:This study was designed to investigate the potential correlation between red blood cell distribution width and 28‐day prognosis of patients with sepsis.Methods:A prospective observational study enrolling 236 patients with sepsis or septic shock was performed at our hospital. All cases were divided into survival versus non‐survival group on 28th day after diagnosis. The two groups were compared for general condition, underlying diseases, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and red blood cell distribution width at admission.Results:The red blood cell distribution width level in non‐survivors was higher than that in survivors (16.3 ± 2.8 vs 15.2 ± 1.7, p = 0.013). Cox regression analysis indicated that red blood cell distribution width was an independent predictor for 28‐day mortality (hazard ratio: 1.311, 95% confidence interval: 1.119–3.011, p = 0.018). The red blood cell distribution width cutoff value of red blood cell distribution width for 28‐day mortality was 16.1%, while patients with lower red blood cell distribution width levels had a better prognosis as demonstrated by Kaplan–Meier survival curves (log‐rank = 7.398, p = 0.007). Unlike the septic shock group, in the sepsis group, the red blood cell distribution width level was higher in the non‐survival group compared to the survival group (15.82% ± 0.93% vs 15.01% ± 0.89%, p < 0.001).Conclusion:Increased red blood cell distribution width may be an important predictor of disease progression and prognosis in patients with sepsis and septic shock. In the sepsis group, higher red blood cell distribution width levels predict poor prognosis.
Closer to the Truth on National Fistula Prevalence After Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate Repair? The Cleft Care UK Study
Authors: Yang Arthur S. , Richard Bruce M. , Wills Andrew K. , Mahmoud Osama , Sandy Jonathan R. , Ness Andy R. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: To (1) determine the prevalence of nonperialveolar palatal fistula up to age 5 following repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in the United Kingdom, (2) examine the association of palatoplasty techniques with fistula occurrence, and (3) describe the frequency of fistula repairs and their success. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: All 11 centralized regional cleft centers in the United Kingdom. Participants: Two hundred sixty-eight children born between 2005 and 2007 recruited by Cleft Care UK, a nationwide cross-sectional study of all 5-year-old children born with nonsyndromic UCLP. Main Outcome Measure: Nonperialveolar palatal fistula prevalence up to age 5. Results: Fistulas were found in 72 children (31.3%, 95% confidence interval: 25.4%-37.7%) and had no significant association with palate repair sequences. Twenty-four fistulas were repaired by age 5, 12 of which had data showing 10 (83.3%) successful repairs. Conclusion: The prevalence of nonperialveolar fistulas following primary palatoplasty of UCLP in the United Kingdom was higher than previously reported. This information should be part of the preoperative discussion with families. Prospective collection of the presence of fistulas will be necessary before we can associate the occurrence of fistulas with a surgeon, institution, surgical technique, or protocol of care.
Clinical reasoning in feline spinal disease: which combination of clinical information is useful?
Authors: Mella Stephanie L , Cardy Thomas JA , Volk Holger A , De Decker Steven 
Published: June 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate if a combination of discrete clinical characteristics can be used to identify the most likely differential diagnoses in cats with spinal disease. Methods Two hundred and twenty-one cats referred for further evaluation of spinal disease were included and categorised as follows: non-lymphoid neoplasia (n = 44); intervertebral disc disease (n = 42); fracture/luxation (n = 34); ischaemic myelopathy (n = 22); feline infectious peritonitis virus myelitis (n = 18); lymphoma (n = 16); thoracic vertebral canal stenosis (n = 11); acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (n = 11); traumatic spinal cord contusion (n = 8); spinal arachnoid diverticula (n = 7); lumbosacral stenosis (n = 5); and spinal empyema (n = 3). Information retrieved from the medical records included signalment, clinical history and clinical presentation. Univariate analyses of variables (clinical history, breed, age, sex, general physical examination findings, onset, progression, spinal hyperaesthesia, asymmetry, ambulatory status and neuroanatomical location) were performed, and variables were retained in a multivariate logistic regression model if P <0.05. Results Multivariate logistic regression revealed that intervertebral disc disease most often occurred in middle-aged, purebred cats with a normal general physical examination and an acute onset of painful and progressive clinical signs. Ischaemic myelopathy occurred most often in older cats with a stable or improving, non-painful, lateralising, C6–T2 myelopathy. Spinal fracture/luxation occurred most often in younger cats and resulted most often in a peracute onset, painful, non-ambulatory neurological status. Concurrent systemic abnormalities or abnormal findings detected on general physical examination were significantly associated with feline infectious peritonitis virus myelitis, spinal lymphoma or spinal empyema. Conclusions and relevance This study suggests that using easily identifiable characteristics from the history and clinical examination can assist in obtaining a preliminary differential diagnosis when evaluating cats with spinal disease. This information could aid veterinary practitioners in clinical decision-making.