bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic dissecting aneurysm in a child presenting with stridor: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Bhim Raju Roncall , Bellapukonda Snigdha , Mohanty Chittaranjan , Mallick Manaswini , Kumar Lohith , Das Soumitra 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Stridor is one of the common presentations of children admitting to emergency department with respiratory distress. The most common etiology of stridor in pediatric age group is infective pathology or ingestion of foreign body. The presentation of dissecting aneurysm causing stridor in pediatric population is very rare and has never been reported in the literature. Case Presentation: A 14-year-old boy presented to the Emergency Department with sub-acute onset of stridor after fall from height on an uneven surface. A suspicion of foreign body or an infective pathology was made and the child was shifted to the operating room. After performing a successful intubation under general anesthesia, diagnostic rigid bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy were done which revealed a pulsating external compression of trachea. The child was further evaluated and managed for dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. Discussion: Among the various causes for stridor in pediatric-trauma population, dissecting aortic aneurysm is a rare cause. The association of elevated renal parameters to dissecting aortic aneurysm has been documented in various studies. Wheezing, shortness of breath, and stridor indicate a tracheal obstruction in a patient with aortic aneurysm. Computed tomography angiography is the investigation of choice. The defect needs to be repaired by a vascular graft under cardiopulmonary bypass. Conclusion: Stridor in pediatric population with etiology as dissecting aneurysm is unusual. A rare presentation like this deserves to be kept in mind while evaluating stridor in pediatric trauma patients by an emergency physician.
Volume based feeding versus rate based feeding in the critically ill: A UK study
Authors: Bharal Mina , Morgan Sally , Husain Tariq , Hilari Katerina , Morawiec Charlie , Harrison Kirsty , Bassett Paul , Culkin Alison 
Published: May 2019

Background Underfeeding in intensive care patients on enteral nutrition is commonplace and multifactorial. This can be exacerbated by interruptions caused by routine fasting for procedures and investigations. Our study aims to demonstrate that a volume based feeding protocol can overcome the barriers of underfeeding and safely increase energy and protein delivery in UK intensive care patients, potentially improving clinical outcomes. Methods In this single centre cohort study, data were collected from adult mechanically ventilated patients. We compared the standard care of rate based feeding, from an International Nutrition Survey (2014/15) to the new intervention of volume based feeding, in a mixed medical and surgical intensive care unit. The primary outcomes were the proportion of energy and protein daily targets delivered. Secondary outcomes compared the effects on gastrointestinal tolerance, glycaemic control, mortality, mechanical ventilation days, length of stay in intensive care unit and hospital. Results From a total of 82 patients (rate based feeding = 27, volume based feeding = 55), volume based feeding patients received significantly more prescribed energy (52% versus 81%; p < 0.001) and protein (40% versus 74%; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in gastrointestinal symptoms such as gastric residual volumes (p = 0.62), glycaemic control (p = 0.94) or insulin usage (p = 0.75). Although there was an improvement in energy and protein delivery, there were no differences in mechanical ventilation days (p = 0.12), mortality (p = 0.06), length of stay in intensive care unit (p = 0.93) and hospital (p = 0.72) between the groups. Conclusion Compared to rate based feeding, volume based feeding significantly improved energy and protein provision with no adverse effects on glycaemic control or gastrointestinal tolerance, clinical outcomes were not affected.
Subtalar Fusion Preparation: What Are We Really Doing? A Cadaver Study
Authors: Abyar Eildar , McKissack Haley M. , Pinto Martim C. , Littlefield Zachary L. , Moraes Leonardo V. , Stefani Kelly , Shah Ashish 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The open, lateral sinus tarsi approach is the most commonly used technique for subtalar arthrodesis. In this cadaver study, we measured the maximum joint surface area that could be denuded of cartilage and subchondral bone through this approach. Methods. Nine fresh frozen above-knee specimens were used. The subtalar joint was accessed through a lateral incision from the fibular malleolus distally over the sinus tarsi area to the level of the calcaneocuboid joint. Cartilage was removed from the anterior, middle, and posterior facets of the calcaneus and talus using an osteotome and/or curette. ImageJ was used to calculate the surface areas of undenuded cartilage. Results. No specimens were 100% denuded of cartilage on all 6 measured surfaces. The greatest percentages of unprepared surface area remained on the middle facet of the talus (18.66%) and the middle facet of the calcaneus (14.51%). The anterior facet of the talus was 100% denuded in 6 specimens, while the middle and posterior facets were 100% denuded in 3 specimens. The anterior facet of the calcaneus was also 100% denuded in 6 specimens, while the middle and posterior facets were 100% denuded in 3 and 4 specimens, respectively. The average total unprepared surface area per specimen was 8.67%. Conclusion. The lateral sinus tarsi approach provides adequate denudation of cartilage of the subtalar joint in most cases. Total percentage of unprepared joint surface may range from approximately 2% to 18%. Future clinical studies are warranted to assess whether this technique results in optimal union rates. Levels of Evidence:V, Cadaveric Study
Childhood use of antimicrobials and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma: a Danish register–based cohort study
Authors: Hjalgrim Henrik , Søegaard Signe Holst , Hjalgrim Lisa Lyngsie , Rostgaard Klaus 
Published: May 2019

Key Points
Low early childhood antimicrobial use supports the late infection hypothesis in young adult nodular sclerosis HL. High childhood antimicrobial use suggests immune dysfunction to be important in young adult mixed cellularity HL etiology.
Meta-Analysis of 1,200 Transcriptomic Profiles Identifies a Prognostic Model for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sandhu Vandana , Labori Knut Jorgen , Borgida Ayelet , Lungu Ilinca , Bartlett John , Hafezi-Bakhtiari Sara , Denroche Robert E. , Jang Gun Ho , Pasternack Danielle , Mbaabali Faridah , Watson Matthew , Wilson Julie , Kure Elin H. , Gallinger Steven , Haibe-Kains Benjamin 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE With a dismal 8% median 5-year overall survival, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. Only 10% to 20% of patients are eligible for surgery, and more than 50% of these patients will die within 1 year of surgery. Building a molecular predictor of early death would enable the selection of patients with PDAC who are at high risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed the Pancreatic Cancer Overall Survival Predictor (PCOSP), a prognostic model built from a unique set of 89 PDAC tumors in which gene expression was profiled using both microarray and sequencing platforms. We used a meta-analysis framework that was based on the binary gene pair method to create gene expression barcodes that were robust to biases arising from heterogeneous profiling platforms and batch effects. Leveraging the largest compendium of PDAC transcriptomic data sets to date, we show that PCOSP is a robust single-sample predictor of early death—1 year or less—after surgery in a subset of 823 samples with available transcriptomics and survival data. RESULTS The PCOSP model was strongly and significantly prognostic, with a meta-estimate of the area under the receiver operating curve of 0.70 ( P = 2.6E−22) and d-index (robust hazard ratio) of 1.9 (range, 1.6 to 2.3; ( = 1.4E−04) for binary and survival predictions, respectively. The prognostic value of PCOSP was independent of clinicopathologic parameters and molecular subtypes. Over-representation analysis of the PCOSP 2,619 gene pairs—1,070 unique genes—unveiled pathways associated with Hedgehog signaling, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix signaling. CONCLUSION PCOSP could improve treatment decisions by identifying patients who will not benefit from standard surgery/chemotherapy but who may benefit from a more aggressive treatment approach or enrollment in a clinical trial.
Ordered Structures in Liquid Water as Studied by Raman Spectroscopy and the Phonon Confinement Model
Authors: Korepanov Vitaly I , Hamaguchi Hiro-o 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy and the phonon confinement model (PCM) have been used to study the two ordered structures in liquid water, “structured hydrogen bonded water” and “nano-ice”, whose existence has recently been confirmed by a hyperspectral analysis of 140 temperature dependent Raman spectra (−23 to 45 °C). The PCM spectral simulation based on the ice Ih structure indicates that vibrations are limited within a short range of few molecules in “structured hydrogen bonded water”, while they extend to about a 2–4 nm range in “Nano-ice”.
Health and saliva microbiomes of a semi-urbanized indigenous tribe in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Yeo Li-Fang , Aghakhanian Farhang F. , Tan James S. Y. , Gan Han Ming , Phipps Maude E. 
Published: May 2019

Background: The indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia, also known as Orang Asli, have gradually been urbanized. A shift towards non-communicable diseases commonly associated with sedentary lifestyles have been reported in many tribes. This study engaged with a semi-urbanized Temiar tribe from Kampong Pos Piah, Perak, who are experiencing an epidemiological transition. Methods: Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, HbA1C and lipid levels were measured as indicators of cardio-metabolic health. DNA was extracted from saliva using salting-out method followed by PCR amplification of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequencing on Illumina MiSeq. Microbiome analysis was conducted on Qiime v1.9. Statistical analysis was conducted using Qiime v1.9 and R. Results: The study revealed that 60.4% of the Temiar community were overweight/obese, with a higher prevalence among women. HbA1C levels showed that 45% of Temiar had pre-diabetes. Insulin resistance was identified in 21% of Temiar by using a surrogate marker, TG/HDL. In total, 56.5% of Temiar were pre-hypertensive, and the condition was prevalent across all age-groups. The saliva microbiome profiles of Temiar revealed significant differences by gender, BMI, abdominal obesity as well as smoking status. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was increased in men whereas Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, Neisseria and Streptococcus were increased in women. Proteobacteria was significantly depleted in smokers. Conclusions: Temiar from Pos Piah had a high prevalence of cardio-metabolic risks, including general and abdominal obesity, pre-diabetes, prehypertension and hypertension. This phenomenon has not been previously reported in this tribe. The saliva microbiome profiles were significantly different for individuals of different gender, BMI scores, abdominal obesity and smoking status.
Antenatal care: assessing Zambian midwives' knowledge and skills
Authors: Libingi Linda Muleya , Ngoma Catherine M , Banda Yolan 
Published: May 2019

Background:Antenatal care refers to the assessment and care of pregnant women. In southern Zambia, the high number of maternal deaths related to pregnancy complications could be prevented by high quality antenatal care.Aims:To explore midwives' knowledge of antenatal care and assess their skill levels.Methods:A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2016 and February 2017 with 89 midwives. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data test associations between variables.Findings:Knowledge levels were high, but 61.8% of respondents did not have the required clinical skills when observed. Overall, 70% of respondents had received supervision in the past 6 months before data collection.Conclusions:Knowledge levels of midwives were high compared to the skills levels. Intensive, onsite, supportive mentorship and supervision is recommended to improve midwives knowledge and skills in antenatal care.
Knowledge and acceptance of HPV vaccination among Lagos students
Authors: Ojeleye Olajumoke Adetoun , Adejumo Prisca Olabisi 
Published: May 2019

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for 99.7% of cervical cancers, the fourth most common cancer in women. The introduction of a vaccine for HPV has been one of the most effective public health interventions for combating infectious diseases. Aims: To investigate the knowledge and acceptance of HPV vaccination among secondary school students in Lagos State, Nigeria Methods: The descriptive study was conducted among 500 male and female students from selected public and private schools located in Education District 1 of Lagos State between June and July 2016. A 44-item adapted questionnaire covering sociodemographic data; knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV and the HPV vaccine; and acceptance of HPV vaccine was used. Statistical analyses were both descriptive and inferential using the SPSS version 20. Findings: The mean age of respondents was 14.4±1.7 years. Students' overall knowledge about cervical cancer, HPV and the HPV vaccine was generally poor, as only 39.8% had good knowledge of the subject matter. Students in private schools (P=0.005), those in their mid-teens (P=0.000), female students (P=0.047) and students whose mothers had up to tertiary education (P=0.005) had better knowledge. Acceptance of the HPV vaccine was poor (40.0%) but this was found to increase (66.8%) if the vaccine were offered for free. Conclusions: It was recommended that strategies should be put in place to develop age-appropriate and socially and culturally sensitive educational interventions to improve HPV vaccine knowledge and acceptance. Significant uptake of the HPV vaccine will eventually reduce the future morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer.
Nurses' knowledge and women's awareness of pre-conception care
Authors: Akanbi Folashade OM , Oluwatosin Abimbola O 
Published: May 2019

Background: Pre-conception care is an intervention to optimise a woman's health before pregnancy to improve maternal and newborn outcomes. Aims: To determine the nurses' knowledge and pregnant women's awareness of pre-conception care in selected hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used. A total of 187 nurses and 298 pregnant women were selected using systematic random sampling. Findings: Results showed that 17% (n=50) of the pregnant women were aware of pre-conception care. A majority of nurses (n=123; 65.8%) had good knowledge of pre-conception care and 82.9% (n=155) agreed that it was a primary strategy that prevented adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: The study suggests the need for midwives and other health professionals to ensure that women are encouraged to register for pre-conception care as early as possible, so as to ensure proper maternity care, early identification of risk and early management.
Computer usage of publıc and private primary school students at the secondary level in Şişli district of İstanbul <p>İstanbul Şişli ilçesi resmi ve özel ilköğretim okullarının ikinci basamağında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin bilgisayar kullanımı
Authors: Metreş Özlem , Savaşer Sevim 
Published: May 2019

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the use of computers among secondary level students, and the impacts of demographical variables on computer usage.Method: Data for this descriptive and cross-sectional designed study was collected via surveys conducted by the researcher on a sample group of 2,304 students. The data was analyzed using percentage distribution, t-test, unilateral variance analysis and Tukey’s testsResults: The results of the analysis revealed that the average daily computer use of the students in the sample, 51.9 percent of whom are girls, is 107.33±134.98 mins/day. It has been determined that boys use computers more than girls, and the more time they spend on computers, the less successful they are academically. Eyestrain and tiredness are the most frequent adverse impacts of computer use in the student sample, followed by headaches, lack of sleep and eating too much junk food, as lesser adverse impacts.Conclusion: Nut just parents, but everybody should take an integrated approach to determining the risks related to the computer use, which have become an essential part of our lives, and to reducing such risks. School health nursing applications should gain momentum in order to ensure the conscious and controlled use of computers. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetAmaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı ilköğretim ikinci basamakta öğrenim gören öğrencilerin bilgisayar kullanım durumlarını ve demografik değişkenlerin bilgisayar kullanımı üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel bir tasarım olan araştırma verileri araştırmacı tarafından uygulanan anket formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Örneklem grubu 2304 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizi yüzdelik dağılım, t-testi, bağımsız gruplarda tek yönlü varyans analizi ve tukey testi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarına göre; %51.9’u kız olan öğrencilerin; günde ortalama bilgisayar kullanım süresi 107.33±134.98 dk/gündür. Erkek öğrencilerin kız öğrencilere göre daha uzun süre bilgisayar kullandığı, bilgisayar kullanım süresi arttıkça akademik başarılarının düştüğü belirlendi. Bilgisayar kullanımına bağlı öğrencilerin en fazla yaşadığı olumsuz etki göz yorgunluğu ve kendini yorgun hissetme iken baş ağrısı, uykusuz kalma ve fazla abur-cubur yeme diğer olumsuz etkilerdi. Sonuç: Yaşamın vazgeçilmez bir parçası olan bilgisayar kullanımına bağlı risklerin belirlenmesi ve azaltılmasında toplumdan ebeveynlere kadar tüm bireylerin bütüncül bir yaklaşım içerisinde olmaları gerekmektedir. Bilgisayarın kontrollü kullanımının sağlanması amacıyla okul sağlığı hemşireliği uygulamaları ivme kazanmalıdır
Plasma Deposition, Plasma Coating, and Ion Implantation to Improve Metallic Implants and Prostheses
Authors: Muster Dominique , Hage-Ali Makram , Rie Kyong-Tschong , Stucky Thomas , Cornet Alain , Mainard Didier 
Published: May 2019

In spite of the success of surgical implants such as artificial hip joints, the materials used to make them are not always quite up to the job. Even stainless steel and titanium alloys can break under the enormous stress on load-bearing joints and corrode in the salty environment of the body. Deposits of inorganic salts can scratch weight-bearing surfaces, making artificial joints stiff and awkward. As a result, the lifetime of an implant is, at most, 10–15 years.Metallurgists and engineers often treat the surfaces of metal parts to improve their properties. The use of advanced surface-treatment techniques such as glow-discharge ion implantation, plasma deposition, and plasma coating can significantly improve the strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance of metal implants. At the same time, these methods should also improve the biocompati-bility of the implanted devices.Cobalt-based alloys are widely used for joint replacements. However, other compounds, such as titanium alloys, have excellent potential biocompatibility and interesting but imperfect mechanical properties. Stainless steel, namely 316L, has a good price-to-mechanical-properties ratio, but has the lowest corrosion resistance of the most commonly used metallic biomaterials.
Bioactive Polymer Surface Modifications for Artificial Blood Vessels and Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Tietze L. , Handt S. , Sellhaus B. , Mittermayer C. 
Published: May 2019

The use of artificial materials in medicine is increasing. The most important and common reason for their use is to replace tissue that has become damaged or destroyed through some pathological process, for example, destruction or degeneration of bones, joints, ocular lenses, heart valves, and arteries. Artificial materials are also indicated for medical applications that support or monitor more complex body functions, for example, cardiac pacemakers, dialysis membranes for extracorporeal gas or fluid exchange, and biosensors. The research for appropriate materials is determined by the desired function of the medical device (biofunctionality) and by the biological response to these materials o (biocompatibility).According to different functional and biological requirements, a huge variety of different materials are currently in use. Metals and alloys-particularly stainless steel, titanium, and cobalt chromium alloys—and different ceramics, such as alumina and calcium phosphates, are used for bone and joint replacement. Different polymers, including polypropylene, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), polyesters, and polyurethanes, are applied for sutures, soft tissue augmentation, and vascular prostheses. Silicones and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are used for intraocular lenses. Membranes of regenerated cellulose were the most widely used hemodialysis membranes, but in the recent decades, several attempts were made to replace cellulose with alternative polymers in order to improve blood compatibility-particularly polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, PMMA, and polysulfone.However, today there remain problems of both biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Clinically, the main problems emerge from interactions between materials and the local tissue environment, as summarized in Table I. To ensure a maximum of biocompatibility and functionality, the materialin vivoshould not evoke any of the reactions outlined in Table I. Today, none of the classical materials fulfills this high demand.
Is the Medium the Message?
Authors: Clynes Frances 
Published: May 2019

While a large body of literature exists on the practice and validity of online religious activity and rituals, to date no literature exists investigating the validity of the online astrological consultation and whether or not the medium of the Internet can in?uence the connection between astrologer and client. My initial qualitative research with sixty-?ve astrologers, conducted between 2012 and 2014, revealed that over sixty percent of astrologers use the Internet for astrological consultations with clients. Taking this number as my dataset, my aim was then to investigate whether, when astrologers conducted consultations for clients online, the chart continued to have agency in creating a meaningful consultation space. My results showed that the online medium did not impact on the message or content of the consultation and that, as in face-to-face astrological consultations, the effectiveness and validity of the consultation was independent of the media used to hold it.
Todd LeVasseur and Anna Peterson (eds.), Religion and the Ecological Crisis: The ‘Lynn White Thesis' at Fifty
Authors: Veldman Robin 
Published: May 2019

Todd LeVasseur and Anna Peterson (eds.), Religion and the Ecological Crisis: The ‘LynnWhite Thesis' at Fifty (New York and London: Routledge, 2017), 205 pp., $140.00 (hbk),ISBN: 978-1-138-64412-0.