bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating and making sense of urgent and emergency care processes and provision
Authors: Pope Catherine , McKenna Gemma , Turnbull Joanne , Prichard Jane , Rogers Anne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhilst many health systems offer a range of urgent and emergency care services to deal with the need for unscheduled care, these can be problematic to navigate.ObjectiveTo explore how lay people make sense of urgent care provision and processes.DesignQualitative study, incorporating citizen panels and longitudinal semi‐structured qualitative interviews.Setting and ParticipantsTwo citizens’ panels, comprising purposively selected public populations—a group of regular users and a group of potentially marginalized users of urgent and emergency care. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 100 people, purposively sampled to include those over 75, aged 18‐26 years, and from East/Central Europe. A sub‐sample of 41 people received a second interview at +6‐12 months. Framework analysis was thematic and comparative, moving through coding to narrative and interpretive summaries.Findings and DiscussionParticipants narratives illuminated considerable uncertainty and confusion regarding urgent and emergency care provision which in part could be traced to the contingent nature of urgent and emergency care need. Accounts of emergency care provision were underpinned by strong moral positioning of appropriate help‐seeking, demarcating legitimate service use that echoed policy rhetoric, but did not necessarily translate into individual behaviour. People struggled to make sense of urgent care provision making navigating “appropriate” use problematic.ConclusionsThe focus on help‐seeking behaviour, rather than sense‐making, makes it difficult to move beyond the polarization of “appropriate” and “inappropriate” service use. A deeper analysis of sense‐making might shift the focus of attention and allow us to intervene to reshape understandings before this point.
Intragenomic internal transcribed spacer 2 variation in a genus of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): implications for accurate species delimitation and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Fagan‐Jeffries E. P. , Cooper S. J. B. , Bradford T. M. , Austin A. D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA recent DNA barcoding study of Australian microgastrines (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) sought to use next‐generation sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) barcoding gene region, the wingless (WG) gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) to delimit molecular species in a highly diverse group of parasitic wasps. Large intragenomic distances between ITS2 variants, often larger than the average interspecific variation, caused difficulties in using ITS2 for species delimitation in both threshold and tree‐based approaches, and the gene was not included in the reported results of the previous DNA barcoding study. We here report on the intragenomic, and the intra‐ and interspecies, variation in ITS2in the microgastrine genus Diolcogasterto further investigate the value of ITS2as a marker for species delimitation and phylogenetics of the Microgastrinae. Distinctive intragenomic variant patterns were found in different species of Diolcogaster, with some species possessing a single major variant, and others possessing many divergent variants. Characterizing intragenomic variation of ITS2is critical as it is a widely used marker in hymenopteran phylogenetics and species delimitation, and large intragenomic distances such as those found in this study may obscure phylogenetic signal.
Praying on Brexit? Unpicking the Effect of Religion on Support for European Union Integration and Membership
Authors: Kolpinskaya Ekaterina , Fox Stuart 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines how religious affiliation shapes support for European Union membership. While previous research has shown that Protestants are typically more eurosceptic than Catholics, little is known about the nature of this relationship: specifically, whether religion affects one's utilitarian assessments of the costs and benefits of membership, or one's affective attachment to the EU. Using the 2016 British Election Study Referendum Panel, this article shows that religious affiliation influences both sets of attitudes, suggesting that the values and shared history associated with one's religion shapes how a voter perceives the performance of the EU in delivering its policy objectives, and its operation as a legitimate institution. Moreover, some findings from previous research are challenged: Protestants are not as unified in their scepticism of the EU as is widely assumed, and the positive relationship between Catholicism and support for EU integration is not apparent in the UK.
Exophiala angulospora infection in hatchery‐reared lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) broodstock
Authors: Saraiva Marcia , Beckmann Max J. , Pflaum Sara , Pearson Marianne , Carcajona Daniel , Treasurer James W. , van West Pieter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSamples from moribund lumpfish were collected in a marine hatchery in Scotland in 2015. Black nodules were noted on the skin, and gills and fungal hyphae were extensively distributed in musculature and internal organs. Multifocal chronic inflammatory lesions displaced structures in all affected organs. Mortalities commenced on completion of spawning in May and were evenly distributed over the second year in the temperature range 11–15°C. The main systemic infection causing agent was initially identified based on morphological characteristics as an Exophiala species. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ITS regions of the isolates were subsequently sequenced confirming the isolates belonged to Exophiala genus. All isolates fell in a single phylogenetic cluster, which is represented by Exophiala angulospora. Fish were treated with either formalin or Bronopol or a combination of both, but there was no effect on the pattern or numbers of mortalities. Isolates were also tested against three different concentrations of Latrunculin A, Amphotericin B and Itraconazole with no success. It is of utmost importance to increase the knowledge on pathogen–host interactions to successfully develop sustainable control methods.
Erythromycin and florfenicol treatment of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) experimentally infected with Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Authors: Jarau Maureen , MacInnes Janet I. , Lumsden John S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFlavobacterium psychrophilum is responsible for significant economic losses in rainbow trout aquaculture. Antimicrobial treatment remains the primary means of control; however, there are limited choices available for use. The objectives of the study were therefore to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations for erythromycin and florfenicol in selected F. psychrophilum isolates and to evaluate their clinical treatment efficacy in experimentally infected rainbow trout. All isolates tested had moderate susceptibility to florfenicol and erythromycin except one isolate, which had low susceptibility to erythromycin. Two isolates (one with moderate and one with low susceptibility to erythromycin) were used in an experimental infection trial. Rainbow trout juveniles were injected intraperitoneally with 108 cfu/fish and after mortality had begun, fish were given erythromycin‐ and florfenicol‐medicated feed at a rate of 75 mg kg−1 day−1 and 10 mg kg−1 day−1 fish body weight, respectively, for 10 consecutive days. The splenic F. psychrophilum load was determined using an rpoC quantitative PCR throughout the 30‐day trial. Relative to antibiotic‐free controls, erythromycin treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced mortality of rainbow trout juveniles infected with FPG101, even when treatment was initiated after clinical signs developed.
Feline predator–prey relationships in a semi‐arid biome in Brazil
Authors: Dias D. M. , Massara R. L. , de Campos C. B. , Rodrigues F. H. G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe spatiotemporal distribution of a predator within an environment tends to be synchronized with that of its prey, to maximize the efficiency of its hunting behavior. However, small predators may also be obliged to avoid potentially agonistic encounters with larger predators due to interspecific competition and intraguild predation. We used occupancy models and indices of temporal overlap to evaluate whether the occurrence of prey species, ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and top predators (puma Puma concolor and jaguar Panthera onca) influenced the habitat use and activity patterns of the northern tiger cat (Leopardus tigrinus) and jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) in a region of the semi‐arid Caatinga biome in Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The occurrence of prey had a positive influence on the use of habitat by the small felids. The northern tiger cat was nocturnal‐crepuscular and presented a high degree of temporal overlap with Spix's cavy (Galea spixii) and the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris). The jaguarundi was diurnal, by contrast and overlapped temporally with the agouti (Dasyprocta nigriclunis). The occurrence of the ocelot did not influence the habitat or daily activity pattern of the jaguarundi, but presented a high degree of temporal overlap with the northern tiger cat, which adopted a strategy of spatial segregation to avoid direct contact with this dominant competitor. The top predators did not influence the spatiotemporal distribution of the small felids, indicating that their niches are segregated by dietary parameters related to differences in body size. Our results indicate that the availability of prey has a more profound influence on the spatiotemporal ecology of the small felids than the occurrence of the top predators, although the presence of the northern tiger cat appeared to be correlated negatively with that of the ocelot. We believe that environmental factors, such as the conservation status, size and isolation of native habitats, may have a fundamental influence on the strategies adopted by the northern tiger cat to mediate its coexistence with the ocelot.
Domain‐General Cognitive Ability Predicts Bilingual Children's Receptive Vocabulary in the Majority Language
Authors: Blom Elma 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of cognitive ability on bilingual children's vocabulary development in both their languages. Sixty‐nine bilingual immigrant children participated, with data collected at three annual intervals. At Time 1, the participants were 5 or 6 years old. Receptive vocabulary was tested in the minority (Turkish, Tarifit) and majority (Dutch) languages. Cognitive measures targeted working memory, selective attention, and executive attention. Cross‐lagged correlations were computed to establish the directionality of relationships. Significant partial correlations were followed by stepwise multiple regression analyses in which further control was exerted. Results showed that cognitive ability predicted receptive vocabulary 1 year later. Sequential relationships were found for the majority language only, and attention was more important than working memory. The differential patterns for the two languages set the stage for future research comparing the impact of context, timing, and type of learning on the relationship between cognition and vocabulary development.
Agencification and the administration of courts in Israel
Authors: Lurie Guy , Reichman Amnon , Sagy Yair 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo shed a realist light on court administration and the regulation of judges in liberal‐democratic countries, we conduct an empirical study of an organ that has attracted little attention: the Director of Courts in Israel – an administrative entity that “manages” the judiciary. In important respects, the Director may be regarded as a regulator of judges, thus assessment of judicial independence in Israel is incomplete without recognizing its presence. The institution of the Director has undergone agencification, which entailed augmentation of its capacities and an evolution in mindset regarding the implementation of these capacities. As a result, its powers, mode of operation, and organization have fundamentally transformed over time, as has the regulatory terrain within which judges conduct their business. By introducing novel indicators for assessment and applying them in an unfamiliar context, this paper offers important theoretical contributions to studies of the regulation and administration of courts and judges, and agencification.
Indirect Inference for Lévy‐driven continuous‐time GARCH models
Authors: do Rêgo Sousa Thiago , Haug Stephan , Klüppelberg Claudia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe advocate the use of an Indirect Inference method to estimate the parameter of a COGARCH(1,1) process for equally spaced observations. This requires that the true model can be simulated and a reasonable estimation method for an approximate auxiliary model. We follow previous approaches and use linear projections leading to an auxiliary autoregressive model for the squared COGARCH returns. The asymptotic theory of the Indirect Inference estimator relies on a uniform strong law of large numbers and asymptotic normality of the parameter estimates of the auxiliary model, which require continuity and differentiability of the COGARCH process with respect to its parameter and which we prove via Kolmogorov's continuity criterion. This leads to consistent and asymptotically normal Indirect Inference estimates under moment conditions on the driving Lévy process. A simulation study shows that the method yields a substantial finite sample bias reduction compared with previous estimators.
Identification of a closed cutaneous injury after mechanical trauma caused by collision
Authors: Park Moon Young , Choi Jun Suk , Kim Kyung Sook , Rhim Sungsoo , Park Hyung Jin , Shin Min Kyung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeRobotics has evolved rapidly in terms of mechanical design and control in the past few years. Collaborative robots that have direct contact with humans are being introduced in various fields, including industrial and medical services. Because collaborative robot systems are being introduced rapidly, the safety of the humans who work with them is becoming an important issue. In this study, we investigated skin injuries resulting from a collision between robots and humans using a freefall experiment system.MethodsWe particularly focused on closed skin injuries caused by a collision. To induce a closed injury, we struck mini‐pigs with cubic‐edge square and semi‐sphere impactors at collision speeds of 1 and 3 m/s. We did not observe any open injuries with those conditions. Closed injuries were observed in the dermal layer of the skin after the collision test at both speeds and with both impactors.ResultsThe collagen fiber in the dermal layer was separated and fragmented, and the subcutaneous fat layer became dense as a result of the collision.ConclusionsWe closely observed and analyzed the histopathologic changes in the dermal and subcutaneous layers with intact epidermis after mechanical trauma to the inner skin layers.
First and oldest Leptochirini rove beetles illuminate diverse cephalic structures in the Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae)
Authors: Yamamoto Shûhei , Takahashi Yui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOsoriinae is a highly diverse, globally distributed subfamily of rove beetles (Staphylinidae), but only a single Mesozoic species, Mesallotrochus longiantennatus Cai & Huang, in mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber is known (age c. 99 Ma). Leptochirini, which is primarily found in decaying wood in the tropics, is one of the four tribes of osoriine rove beetles. The diversity of cephalic tooth shapes in adults has attracted special research attention with regard to the evolution and classification of this group. Here, we report two well‐preserved fossils of Leptochirini for the first time from Burmese amber. Together with M. longiantennatus, they represent the oldest osoriines, highlighting the palaeodiversity of the subfamily in Burmese amber. Based on our observations and phylogenetic analyses, a remarkable new genus and species, †Cretochirus newtoni Yamamoto gen. et sp.n., is described. Additionally, a new species, †Priochirus thayerae Yamamoto sp.n., is also described and placed in the extant genus Priochirus Sharp. †Cretochirus gen.n. has a typical body plan of Leptochirini, but it retains several primitive features that have rarely, or never, been known from modern leptochirine taxa, including simple cephalic structures with a largely depressed dorsum, undeveloped cephalic teeth, and the absence of a longitudinal median sulcus of the head, together with the only slightly crenulate external margins of the protibiae. These findings demonstrate the antiquity of Leptochirini rove beetles and even suggest a much older origin of the subfamily. Morphologically diverse leptochirines from Burmese amber also illuminate the remarkable cephalic diversity of the tribe during the Mesozoic. They were already diversified during the mid‐Cretaceous in the tropical forests of Myanmar, and possibly living underneath the bark of rotten wood and logs.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CC5E81E8‐5621‐44A6‐A247‐A776B14A9191.
Elevated risk for iron depletion in high‐school age blood donors
Authors: Spencer Bryan R. , Bialkowski Walter , Creel Darryl V. , Cable Ritchard G. , Kiss Joseph E. , Stone Mars , McClure Christopher , Kleinman Steven , Glynn Simone A. , Mast Alan E. ,   for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III) Program
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDHigh school students 16 to 18 years‐old contribute 10% of the US blood supply. Mitigating iron depletion in these donors is important because they continue to undergo physical and neurocognitive development.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSStudy objectives were to determine the prevalence of iron depletion in 16‐ to 18‐year‐old donors and whether their risk for iron depletion was greater than adult donors. Successful, age‐eligible donors were enrolled from high school blood drives at two large US blood centers. Plasma ferritin testing was performed with ferritin less than 12 ng/mL as our primary measure of iron depletion and ferritin less than 26 ng/mL a secondary measure. Multivariable repeated‐measures logistic regression models evaluated the role of age and other demographic/donation factors.RESULTSFerritin was measured from 4265 enrollment donations September to November 2015 and 1954 follow‐up donations through May 2016. At enrollment, prevalence of ferritin less than 12 ng/mL in teenagers was 1% in males and 18% in females making their first blood donation, and 8% in males and 33% in females with prior donations. Adjusted odds for ferritin less than 12 ng/mL were 2.1 to 2.8 times greater in 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds than in 19‐ to 49‐year‐olds, and for ferritin less than 26 ng/mL were 3.3‐ to 4.7‐fold higher in 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds. Progression to hemoglobin deferral was twice as likely in 16‐ to 18‐year‐old versus 19‐ to 49‐year‐old females.CONCLUSIONAge 16 to 18 years‐old is an independent risk factor for iron deficiency in blood donors at any donation frequency. Blood centers should implement alternate eligibility criteria or additional safety measures to protect teenage donors from iron depletion.
Chinese‐Australian cultural conceptualisations of ancestor worship, death and family
Authors: Fang Nina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDrawing samples from Unpolished gem (2006) and Laurinda (2014) written by second generation migrant writer, Alice Pung, this paper employs the world Englishes and cultural linguistics frameworks to explore cultural conceptualisations of Chinese‐Australian authors in Australian literature. With a particular focus on three main conceptualisations: Family, Death, and Ancestor Worship, this paper examines how these conceptualisations are instantiated in the use of English and the linguistic strategies drawn on by the author, such as proper names, use of kinship honorifics, and the creation of humour. This study indicates that writing in Englishes for second generation migrant writers is a blend of home and host culture, and that their use of English, even though it may be their native tongue, extends beyond a monolingual mindset of linguistic and transcultural creativity, reflecting an idiosyncratic English variety of their own.
Emergence of preconfigured and plastic time-compressed sequences in early postnatal development
Authors: Farooq U. , Dragoi G. 
Published: January 2019

Memory capabilities develop with age
During memory formation, time-compressed neuronal sequences underlie consolidation as well as encoding of novel information. Such memory traces are largely contributed by a selection of preconfigured neuronal patterns. However, when and how these preconfigured patterns first emerge in the hippocampus is unknown. Farooq and Dragoi identified an age-dependent development of network preconfiguration into trajectory-like sequences. This preconfiguration was expressed spontaneously during sleep and emerged from the assembly of persistent, location-depicting ensembles, largely controlled by intrinsic developmental programs. Thus, the compressed binding of adjacent locations into spatial trajectories during navigation and their experience-dependent replay emerge in coordination from spontaneous preconfigured sequences.

Science
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Parental education and adolescent health problems due to violence, self-harm and substance use: what is the role of parental health problems?
Authors: Remes Hanna , Moustgaard Heta , Kestilä Laura M , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAdolescent health problems are more prevalent in families with low socioeconomic position, but few studies have assessed the role of parental health in this association. This study examines the extent to which parental health problems, particularly those related to high-risk health behaviour, might explain the association between parental education and adolescent health problems due to violence, self-harm and substance use.MethodsWe used longitudinal register data on a 20% representative sample of all families with children aged 0–14 years in 2000 in Finland with information on parental social background and parental and offspring health problems based on hospital discharge data. We estimated discrete-time survival models with the Karlson-Holm-Breen method on hospital admissions due to violence, self-harm and substance use among adolescents aged 13–19 years in 2001–2011 (n=145 404).ResultsHospital admissions were 2–3 times more common among offspring of basic educated parents than tertiary educated parents. Similar excess risks were observed among those with parental mental health problems and parental health problems due to violence, self-harm and substance use. The OR for offspring of basic educated parents was attenuated from OR 2.73 (95% CI 2.34 to 3.18) to OR 2.38 (2.04 to2.77) with adjustment for parental health problems, particularly those due to violence, self-harm and substance use. Having both low parental education and parental health problems showed simple cumulative effects.ConclusionsThe excess risks of hospital admissions due to violence, self-harm and substance use among adolescents with lower educated parents are largely independent of severe parental health problems.