bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of Cultural Practices and Assessment of Some Foliar Fungi Diseases of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Western Highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Sanyang Sylvester Fungyiang , Yaouba Aoudou , Kinge Tonjock Rosemary , Tankou Christopher Mubeteneh 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To assess the different cultural activities that influence the spread of fungal diseases on common bean and record the prevalence, severity and incidence of the diseases in some localities of the Western Highlands of Cameroon.
Study Design: Structured questionnaire, Field survey, Laboratory identification of fungal diseases.
Place and Duration of Study: Some subdivisions of the Western Highlands of Cameroon and Departments of Crop Protection University of Dschang and Catholic University of Cameroon Bamenda from May 2016 –December 2017.
Methodology: Field inspection formats were developed in the form of structured questionnaire and interview guide to record data related to farmer’s agronomic practices. A total of two hundred and eighty farmers and other stakeholders were interviewed on various aspects of agronomic practices. The survey of foliar fungal diseases was done in 2017 second cropping season (August to December) following the main roads and accessible routes in each surveyed area. Stops were made randomly every 1-2km intervals depending on the proximity of farm field to one another. Three sampling sites per farm were assessed for disease prevalence, incidence and severity using the CIAT evaluation scale of 1-9. Leaf samples were culture in PDA.
Results: Majority of farmers practiced shifting cultivation and mixed cropping. The organic fertilizer poultry manure is widely used closely followed by pig, cow and goat dung. As regards mineral fertilizers, 59.7% of farmers indicated the application of different inorganic fertilizers on their farms. The results indicated that the highest observed diseases in the various localities were angular leaf spot, rust, anthracnose, white mould, leaf yellowing, floury leaf spot and Ascochyta leaf spot in that descending order in terms of prevalence, incidence and severity.
Conclusion: From the assessment, angular leaf spot is a serious threat to common bean production in these localities. Its spread and that of the other fungal diseases is greatly influenced by the various cultural practices. Proper agronomic practices and information on disease monitoring are key to the improvement of bean cultivation.
A 3D Printable and Bioactive Hydrogel Scaffold to Treat Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Che Lingbin , Lei Zhouyue , Wu Peiyi , Song Dianwen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury accompanied by intracranial hypertension remains one of the most fatal injuries worldwide. Usually, patients must undergo two surgeries, craniectomy and cranioplasty, to reduce the intracranial pressure and then repair the skull. Traditional biomaterials, such as autologous bones and titanium meshes, which have poor stretchability and very high Young's modulus values up to hundreds of GPa, tend to constrain intracranial tissue and cannot be implanted directly after craniectomy. Thus far, finding elastic and degradable biomaterials to be immediately implanted after a craniectomy has remained a great challenge, which should not only repair cranial defects but also avoid secondary surgery and reduce the risk of complications, has remained a great challenge. Herein, a 3D printable bioactive hydrogel scaffold with high elasticity that can protect brain tissue, adapt to intracranial pressure changes, allow for the transport of nutrients and the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells is presented. As indicated by in vivo experiments, the hydrogel scaffold helps to treat traumatic brain injury within 8 weeks and degrades safely. With these advantages, this material shows the potential to open up new horizons for cranioplasty and to help patients survive traumatic brain injury.
Highly Stable Two‐Dimensional Tin(II) Iodide Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Based on Stilbene Derivative
Authors: Park In‐Hyeok , Chu Leiqiang , Leng Kai , Choy Yu Fong , Liu Wei , Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Zhu Ziyu , Ma Zhirui , Chen Wei , Xu Qing‐Hua , Eda Goki , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have recently emerged as potential disruptive photovoltaic technology. However, the toxicity of lead used in state‐of‐the‐art hybrid perovskites solar cell prevents large‐scale commercialization, which calls for lead‐free alternatives. Sn‐based perovskites have been considered as alternatives but they are limited by rapid oxidation and decomposition in ambient air. Here, an Sn‐based two‐dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites [A2B(n‐1)SnnI(3n+1)] (n = 1 and 2) are reported with improved air stability, using bulky stilbene derivatives as the organic cations (2‐(4‐(3‐fluoro)stilbenyl)ethanammonium iodide (FSAI)). The moisture stability of the [(FSA)2SnI4] perovskites is attributed to the hydrophobic properties of fluorine‐functionalized organic chains (FSA), as well as the strong cohesive bonding in the organic chains provided by H bonds, CH···X type H bonds, weak interlayer F···F interaction, and weak face‐to‐face type π‐π interactions. The photodetector device fabricated on exfoliated single crystal flake of [(FSA)2SnI4] exhibits fast and stable photoconductor response.
Self‐Healable Materials for Underwater Applications
Authors: Huynh Tan‐Phat , Khatib Muhammad , Haick Hossam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of new advanced materials with self‐healing ability targeting underwater applications is reviewed. This challenging task requires a particular approach of water‐insensitive dynamic chemistries. Among them, the nature‐inspired group of catechol‐based functional materials is widely utilized due to the proof of the success of the mussel byssus on underwater self‐healing and adhesion. Interestingly, self‐healing can be manipulated on demand by incorporating active materials such as redox species or magnetic particles into the matrix of the self‐healing polymer. Finally, the underwater applications of these self‐healing materials, as a proof of concept of some electrochemical and electronic devices are relatively novel at the moment. However, these materials are expected to make a large impact on technologies in the near future.
A One‐Step Process Using a Modified Electrohydrodynamic Process for Fabricating a Nano/Microscale Hybrid Cellulose Scaffold
Authors: Choe YoungEun , Kim Minseong , Kim GeunHyung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHybrid scaffolds are widely applied in hard tissue regeneration because they provide combinational micro/nanostructure to overcome the disadvantages of single structure with another structure. However, there are still problems to be solved in the hybrid scaffold, too complex process using two or more processes and low level of structure controllability in the scaffold to transport cell migration and growth to thickness direction. To overcome the problems, a modified technology using an electrohydrodynamic jet printing to obtain a micro/nanoscale 3D scaffold with a controllable macropore is proposed using a cellulose biomaterial. To show the feasibility of the structure as a medical scaffold, in vitro cellular activities including osteogenic activities using preosteoblasts and physical properties are characterized. As results, significantly higher cell infiltration, cell‐growth, and osteoblastic genes are observed in the hybrid scaffold compared to a control. The results indicate that the proposed method to obtain the hierarchical scaffold is a practicable improved method and the fabricated cellulose hybrid scaffold could be one of highly potential biomaterials to induce successful hard tissue regeneration.
A Highly Sensitive and Cost‐Effective Flexible Pressure Sensor with Micropillar Arrays Fabricated by Novel Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Hu Yougen , Gu Han , Zhu Pengli , Jiang Wenlong , Zhang Gang , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs one of the most significant constituent parts of wearable electronic systems, flexible pressure sensors can accommodate irregular surfaces and perform spatial mapping when subjected to external pressure or strain stimuli. Herein, a wearable flexible pressure sensor integrated with two interlocked micropillar arrays is demonstrated by a facile and cost‐effective metal‐assisted chemical etching (MaCE) method with the assistance of polymer microspheres lithography technique. The flexible sensor, with micropillars of 2.6 µm in diameter, 6.6 µm in height, and 3 µm in pitch, exhibits superior sensitivity of −4.48 kPa−1 (0–100 Pa), rapid response and relaxation time of 52 and 40 ms, respectively, low detection limit of <1 Pa, and outstanding working stability over 5000 cycles of pressure loading/unloading. The prepared sensors are successfully demonstrated in detecting finger motions and monitoring human pulse signals, paving the promising route for its function in wearable electronic skins, soft robotics, and healthcare monitoring devices, etc.
Excited‐State Modulation for Controlling Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Pathways toward White‐Light Emission
Authors: Feng Changfu , Li Shuai , Xiao Xiaoxiao , Lei Yilong , Geng Hua , Liao Yi , Liao Qing , Yao Jiannian , Wu Yishi , Fu Hongbing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLuminescence originated from singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) states is categorized as fluorescence and phosphorescence, respectively. Modulation of fluorescence and phosphorescence pathways plays a central role in developing organic luminescent materials, but remains difficult because of the lack of control ways. Here, luminescence of cocrystals of 1,7‐phenanthroline (PR) and 1,4‐diiodotetrafluorobenzene (DITFB) can be switched by adjusting their stoichiometry, from bluish fluorescence for 1:0 pure PR crystal (P1D0) to yellowish phosphorescence for 1:1 PR:DITFB cocrystal (P1D1). More importantly, 2:1 PR:DITFB cocrystal (P2D1) is found to exhibit dual fluorescence and phosphorescence simultaneously, thus giving rise to white‐light emission. Experimental and time‐dependent density‐function‐theory results reveal that although the S1 and T1 energies keep invariable, high‐lying Tn states introduced in cocrystals decreases the S1–Tn energy gap, meanwhile multiple intermolecular halogen bonding enhances the spin‐orbital coupling. As a result, the S1 → Tn intersystem crossing rate (kISC) is accelerated by 2 orders of magnitude, making kISC comparable and faster than the fluorescence decay rate kFl for P1D0 (fluorescence), P2D1 (dual emissions), and P1D1 (phosphorescence), respectively. The results provide not only a quantum‐mechanical understanding but also a novel strategy to modulate the excited‐state dynamics toward fluorescence and/or phosphorescence emissions for luminescent materials.
Room‐Temperature Fabrication of High‐Quality Lanthanum Oxide High‐κ  Dielectric Films by a Solution Process for Low‐Power Soft Electronics
Authors: Zhao Kai , Gong Yanfen , Yan Longsen , He Waner , Wang Dao , Wang Jiali , Zou Zhengmiao , Luo Chunlai , Zhang Aihua , Fan Zhen , Gao Jinwei , Ning Honglong , Zhou Guofu , Lu Xubing , Liu Junming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐quality dielectric films are indispensable for field‐effect electronic devices to provide high electrical performance. However, deposition of high‐quality dielectric films on flexible substrate remains a challenging task, which greatly limits the electrical performance of flexible or organic field‐effect devices. A room‐temperature deep ultraviolet (DUV) irradiation process is proposed for densification of solution‐processed La2O3 films. It is found that room‐temperature DUV‐La2O3 films not only exhibit leakage and dielectric properties that are comparable to those of high‐temperature annealed‐La2O3 films, but also have very smooth and clean surfaces and excellent bending strain tolerance. The fabricated La2O3 films exhibit a wide band gap (5.78 eV), high dielectric constant (12.68), low leakage density (8.8 × 10−7 A cm−2 at 2 MV cm−1), and high breakdown field strength (3.5 MV cm−1). Organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) based on high‐quality solution‐processed La2O3 gate dielectrics show a low operation voltage (≤3 V), low gate leakage current (<10−9 A), and high Ion/Ioff ratio (>105). Based on these room‐temperature‐fabricated high‐performance OTFTs, low‐voltage complementary integrated circuits are successfully fabricated, including complementary inverters and NAND gate circuits. The results demonstrate that room‐temperature DUV‐processed La2O3 films are ideal gate dielectric materials for future flexible and low‐power‐consumption electronic devices.
Ultrafine Defective RuO2 Electrocatayst Integrated on Carbon Cloth for Robust Water Oxidation in Acidic Media
Authors: Ge Ruixiang , Li Lei , Su Jianwei , Lin Yichao , Tian Ziqi , Chen Liang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeveloping efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media is attractive but still challenging. In this study, ultrafine defective RuO2 nanoparticles are successfully prepared on carbon cloth by means of dip‐coating, annealing, and acid etching. As a self‐supported electrocatalyst, it exhibits an ultralow overpotential of 179 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4. More importantly, the high activity can be well maintained for 20 h. The density functional calculations revealed that the defect can not only increase the number of active sites but also improve the intrinsic OER activity.
Behind the Scenes of Successful Research in Emergency Medicine: Nine Tips for Junior Investigators
Authors: Probst Marc A. , Caputo Nicholas D. , Chang Bernard P. 
Published: August 2019

Narrative AbstractEducation related to clinical research often focuses on methodology, statistics, ethics, and study design. While knowledge of these conventional skills is essential to the operationalization of research, many “soft” skills related to leadership, communication, and team management are critical to the successful conduct research in the real world.Conducting clinical research in the emergency department is generally a challenging endeavor. Based on our prior experience as clinical researchers and a narrative review of the published literature, we offer nine practical strategies to help junior investigators conduct research. To successfully execute a research study, investigators must know how to motivate their team, create a brand around their study, communicate effectively, maximize clinician and patient engagement, and celebrate victory, among other skills. These skills and strategies are often missing from the formal research education and in peer‐reviewed manuscripts but are, in fact, invaluable to the successful development of junior investigators. Thus, we offer the “story behind the study” in an effort to contribute to research education with material that is not typically covered in formal curricula.
Mortality of older construction and craft workers employed at department of energy nuclear sites: Follow‐up through 2016
Authors: Ringen Knut , Dement John , Hines Stella , Quinn Patricia , Chen Anna , Haas Scott 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo determine if construction and trades workers employed at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear sites facilities are at significant risk for diseases associated with occupational exposures, we compared the mortality experience of participants in the Building Trades National Medical Screening Program (BTMed) to that of the US population.MethodsThe cohort includes 24,086 BTMed participants enrolled between 1998 and 2016 and 5203 deaths. Cause‐specific standardized mortality ratios were calculated based on US death rates.ResultsMortality was elevated for all causes, all cancers, cancers of the trachea, bronchus, and lung and lymphatic and hematopoietic system, mesothelioma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asbestosis, transportation injuries, and other injuries, particularly those caused by accidental poisoning, suggesting a possible effect of the opioid epidemic.ConclusionsApart from other injuries, mortality patterns were very similar to those reported in the past in this population. Construction workers employed at DOE sites have a significantly increased risk for occupational illnesses. Risks are associated with employment during all time periods covered including possibly after 1990. The cancer risks closely match the cancers identified for DOE compensation from radiation exposures. The high risk of lung cancer supports the value of early lung cancer detection. Continued medical surveillance is important.
Assessing the impact of health and safety training: Increased behavioral change and organizational performance
Authors: Ruttenberg Ruth , Rice Carol 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnnual health and safety refresher training is mandated for workers in a number of employment sectors and also is used to maintain and enhance skills when not legally required.MethodsOne year following training, hazardous waste worker training participants were asked if the training had been applied at their work or in the community, corresponding to Kirkpatrick levels of training evaluation. Likely response themes were drafted by the authors using qualitative data coding.ResultsOf the 1,726 refresher participants, 1,094 (63%) provided an entry. Eight theme categories were adapted from the originals, spanning the activities trainees reported as applications of their training: events, actions, awareness, emergency response, equipment, planning and standard operating procedures, training, and use of written resources.ConclusionsAsking participants to reflect on how training has been applied provides an opportunity to describe workplace changes made during the past year. Participants documented that training resulted in actions to protect them from hazardous exposures. Specific events where training was used and where actions were taken to improve health and safety represent Kirkpatrick Levels III and IV applications of training. Collecting similar data may be useful to others wishing to identify impacts of training and can be integrated into routine program assessment.
Occupation and risk of female breast cancer: A case‐control study in Morocco
Authors: Khalis Mohamed , El Rhazi Karima , Fort Emmanuel , Chajès Véronique , Charaka Hafida , Huybrechts Inge , Moskal Aurélie , Biessy Carine , Romieu Isabelle , Abbass Fouad , El Marnissi Boujemaa , Mellas Nawfel , Nejjari Chakib , Soliman Amr S. , Charbotel Barbara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer among Moroccan women. Environmental and occupational factors may play a role in breast cancer etiology. This study aimed to investigate the association between occupation, industry, and breast cancer risk among Moroccan women.MethodsA total of 300 breast cancer cases and 300 controls (matched by age and area of residence) were included in this study. Full occupational history was collected, with a detailed description of each job held for at least 6 months. Occupations were coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO 08) and the Moroccan Analytical Classification of Professions (2001). Industries were coded according to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (2008). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounders were estimated by using conditional logistic regression.ResultsAn overall decreased risk of breast cancer was observed among women doing only household work (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.18‐0.55). An increased risk of breast cancer was observed among women in agricultural occupations, particularly those employed as agricultural laborers (ISCO 08 code: 921; OR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.51‐5.60) and the risk increased with duration of employment (P trend = .01). Analyses by industry corroborated these findings.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that occupational exposures may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer among female agricultural workers in this population. Further investigations, with advanced methods of occupational exposure assessment, are warranted to clarify the role of chemicals involved in this high‐risk occupation and to suggest preventive actions and screening.
Defying Inertia: How Rotating Superconductors Generate Magnetic Fields
Authors: Hirsch J. E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractI discuss the process of magnetic field generation in rotating superconductors in simply connected and multiply connected geometries. In cooling a normal metal into the superconducting state while it is rotating, electrons slow down or speed up depending on the geometry and their location in the sample, apparently defying inertia. I argue that the conventional theory of superconductivity does not explain these processes. Instead, the theory of hole superconductivity does. Its predictions agree with experimental observations of Hendricks, King and Rohrschach for solid and hollow cylinders.
Precise Underwater Distance Measurement by Dual Acoustic Frequency Combs
Authors: Wu Hanzhong , Qian Zhiwen , Zhang Haoyun , Xu Xinyang , Xue Bin , Zhai Jingsheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnderwater acoustics is of fundamental importance for marine science and technology. However, acoustic waves transmitted by state‐of‐the‐art underwater acoustic systems are not inherently phase locked, which hinders the development of underwater acoustic technology. For example, the precision of underwater distance measurement can only achieve centimeter level. As a versatile tool, optical frequency combs have enabled revolutionary progress in optical metrology and precision measurement. In parallel with optical frequency combs, here, the generation of fully stabilized, underwater acoustic frequency combs is reported, in which equidistant acoustic modes are produced via a hydroacoustic transducer. The precision of each individual acoustic mode is measured to be 10−9 at 1 s and 10−12 at 1000 s averaging times. Underwater distance measurements are carried out in an anechoic pool using a dual‐comb scheme. Comparison with reference values shows consistency within 50 µm (7 × 10−6 in relative). The relatively long‐duration experiments at 7 m distance yield an Allan deviation of 1.8 µm (2.6 × 10−7 in relative) at 1 s and further 480 nm (6.8 × 10−8 in relative) at 40 s averaging times. The approach to acoustic frequency comb generation offers a promising and powerful platform for future underwater distance measurement, positioning, and navigation.
Quadrupolar Cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylene‐Based Electron Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Conjugates: Charge Transfer versus Charge Separation
Authors: Schierl Christoph , Alex Wiebke , Mateo Luis M. , Ballesteros Beatriz , Shimizu Daiki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Torres Tomas , Guldi Dirk M. , Bottari Giovanni 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylenes (CPAs) have been functionalized at two of the peripheral positions with electronically inert trimethylsilylethynyl (1), as well as with electron‐donating 4‐ethynyl‐N,N‐dimethylaniline (2), ethynyl ZnIIphthalocyanine (3), and ethynyl ZnIIporphyrin (4) units. Consistent with X‐ray crystal structures of 2 and 4, analyses of absorption and fluorescence of 2–4 point to strong electronic communication between the CPA and the peripheral units, affording quadrupolar electron donor‐acceptor‐donor charge‐transfer conjugates. By virtue of their quadrupolar/dipolar charge‐transfer characters in the excited state, 2–4 exhibit fluoro‐solvatochromism. Transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed delocalized quadrupolar ground states and formation of weakly solvent stabilized quadrupolar singlet excited states. The latter transform into strongly stabilized dipolar excited states before deactivating to the ground state in 2 and give rise to a fully charge separated state in 3 and 4.