bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturally Tailored Messages and Trial Registry Enrollment
Authors: Johnson Kevin B. , Iannone Stacy L. , Furth Susan L. , Taylor Lynne , Tan Andy S. L. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceMarginalized populations have lower levels of clinical trial representation than other populations. Tailoring recruitment materials and providing incentives may improve representation.ObjectiveTo determine whether culturally tailored video improves parents’ decision to enroll (DTE) Black children in a research registry.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA randomized clinical trial, using mixed methods and consecutive sampling, was conducted in an urban primary care pediatric clinic. A post hoc study assessed the association of a monetary incentive with DTE. Ninety-three parents were recruited before their child’s scheduled clinic visit. Participants completed a survey during which they were randomly assigned to review a paragraph (control group), generic video, or tailored video and received a gift card. Video watchers completed questions about its effectiveness. All participants were invited to join the registry. In the post hoc study, consenting participants followed the control group protocol and the coordinator promised them an ink pen for participating. The study was conducted between November 15, 2022, and August 29, 2023.InterventionA survey regarding the importance of being included in research studies was administered after participants watched a culturally tailored video.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was DTE. Covariates were message effectiveness, clinical trial knowledge, and trust. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 125 individuals were included. All groups had similar mean (SD) parent age (overall, 32.6 [7.35] years), gender (110 [88.0%] women), and race (116 [92.8%] Black or African American). There was no significant difference in the odds of DTE between the appeal video and control (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% CI, 0.38-3.72) or between the generic video and control (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 0.54-6.71). However, DTE was higher for all 3 gift card groups vs the ink pen incentive group (eg, control vs ink pen incentive: OR, 5.01; 95% CI, 1.68-14.95). After adjusting for trust, monetary incentives were associated with higher odds of DTE (adjusted OR, 5.92; 95% CI, 2.44-14.39).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, targeted messaging was not associated with a higher decision to enroll in a pediatric clinical trial registry. There may be a role for combining holistic messaging with monetary incentives to improve enrollment.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06138145
Developing a Novel Surgical Care Access Score for Patients With Osteoarthritis Considering Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Ghomrawi Hassan M. K. , Huang Lynn W. , Credit Kevin , Lotfata Aynaz , Malhotra Anjali , Patel Ankita M. , Franklin Patricia , French Dustin D. , Block Daniel 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveAccess to specialized orthopedic care is an important determinant of the decision to undergo total knee replacement (TKR); however, most studies have mainly used distance to the nearest high‐volume hospital as the primary proxy for access. We applied the two‐step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to develop a more comprehensive TKR access score that accounts for other potential factors (ie, supply of and demand for this procedure) that also affect access.MethodsTo apply the 2SFCA method, we first estimated TKR demand using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates of prevalence of osteoarthritis, which were multiplied by estimates of patients who would potentially benefit from TKR. We then estimated TKR supply using the number of TKRs performed in each hospital, extracted from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare Provider Analysis and Review database. For the nationwide analysis, we estimated the access score for a radius of 55 km around each census tract in the contiguous United States. For a subset of the census tracts, we employed a more realistic but more computationally intensive 42‐minute driving distance to determine the robustness of the 55‐km assumption and calculated the Spearman rank correlation between the two access scores.ResultsAcross the United States, the access score was categorized as low for 51%, medium for 24%, and high for 25% of census tracts. The Spearman correlation coefficient between these national scores and those with a 42‐minute driving time was 0.75.ConclusionWe developed a novel TKR care access score that may enhance quality measures available to patients, providers, payers, and researchers.
High‐Efficiency Electrochemical Desalination: The Role of a Rigid Pseudocapacitive Polymer Electrode with Diverse Active Sites
Authors: Tao Yueheng , Cui Yujie , Wang Houxiang , Li Zhaolei , Qian Zhangjiashuo , Zhang Peipei , Zhou Hongjian , Shi Minjie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) emerges as a burgeoning electrochemical desalination technology due to the utilization of profitable pseudocapacitive reactions. Although tunable organic compounds are potential faradaic electrode materials, their insufficient active sites and high water‐solubility restrict practical HCDI applications. Herein, a pseudocapacitive organic polymer (PNDS) is proposed with diverse redox‐active sites for electrochemical deionization. The pronounced molecular aromaticity and strong π‐electron delocalization not only endow PNDS polymer with framework rigidity, but refine its electronic structure to bolster redox activity and electron affinity. As an electrode material, the PNDS polymer demonstrates a substantial pseudocapacitive capacitance of 390 F g−1 and sustains long‐term stability at 96.3% after 5000 cycles, surpassing reported Na+‐capturing organic electrodes. In‐operando monitoring techniques and theoretical calculations reveal efficient Na+ capture at the C═N and C═O redox‐active sites within the PNDS electrode during repeated electrosorption processes. As a conceptual demonstration, a high‐performance HCDI device equipped with the PNDS electrode exhibits an impressive salt removal capacity (66.4 mg g−1), a rapid removal rate (2.2 mg g−1 min−1) and stable regeneration property. More importantly, an integrated desalination system is engineered to rapidly and repeatedly treat saltwater resources for human consumption and agricultural irrigation, highlighting its promising prospects for high‐efficiency desalination applications.
Multifunctional Electromagnetic Responsive Porous Materials Synthesized by Freeze Casting: Principles, Progress, and Prospects
Authors: Ning Ya , Zeng Xiaojun , Huang Jun , Shen Zong‐Yang , Gao Yanfeng , Che Renchao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFreeze casting is a solidification technique utilized in the fabrication of porous materials. However, the freeze casting process is quite complex, and significant challenges remain in precisely controlling the pore size and shape of porous structures. This study aims to investigate the customization of multifunctional electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers with 3D porous structures via freeze casting. This review initially presents the fundamental principles underlying the freeze casting technique and examines the correlation between internal and external factors during the preparation process and porosity. The emerging trends in constructing novel and intricate macroscopic structures through freeze casting are subsequently outlined. Furthermore, this review focuses on the fabrication of composites with various porous microstructures through freeze casting of low‐dimensional building blocks, and their EMW response and multifunctional properties. By regulating the internal and external influencing mechanisms of freeze casting, porous EMW absorption materials exhibit outstanding advantages such as electromagnetic property manipulation, controllable structure, high porosity, high specific surface area, lightweight, and flexibility. These features broaden their applications in electromagnetic shielding, mechanical property, radar stealth, thermal insulation and fire prevention, flexible sensors, antifreeze ability, etc. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of high‐performance EMW absorbers using freeze casting techniques.
Constructing a Multifunctional SEI Layer Enhancing Kinetics and Stabilizing Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Li Dingzheng , Li Chuanlin , Liu Wenjie , Bu Hongxia , Zhang Xixi , Li Titi , Zhang Jing , Kong Mengzhen , Wang Xiao , Wang Chenggang , Xu Xijin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractZn dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the interface of zinc anode/electrolyte in aqueous zinc batteries severely hinder its lifespan in application. Herein, the zinc anode is effectively stabilized by introducing trace amounts of 4‐aminobutane‐1‐phosphate (ABPA) into the ZnSO4 electrolyte. The ABPA adsorbs onto the surface of zinc anode and then further decomposes to a high conductive organic/inorganic composite in situ SEI layer including amino, partial carbon chain, and zinc phosphate. In the SEI layer, the residual undecomposed carbon chain promotes the desolvation of Zn2+, the amino induces uniform Zn2+ plating and zinc phosphate facilitates the migration of Zn2+. Thus, this in situ SEI layer not only suppresses water‐related side reactions but also enhances the Zn2+ transport kinetics. As a result, Zn||Zn symmetric cell delivers an ultralong cycle life of over 13 000 cycles at 50 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. A high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.72% is achieved in over 1000 cycles in Zn||Cu half‐cell. The Zn||I2 full cell delivers a high‐capacity retention of 91.42% after 40,000 cycles. Moreover, a 49 mAh Zn||I2 pouch cell maintains 80.28% capacity retention over 300 cycles and 61.22% after 1000 cycles.
Realizing Bidirectional Photocurrent in Monolithic Dual‐Mode Device for Neuromorphic Vision and Logically‐Encrypted Transmission
Authors: Jiang Min , Zhao Yukun , Bian Lifeng , Chen Wei , Yang Kang , Zhou Min , Zhang Jianya , Wang Yudie , Sun Haiding , Lu Shulong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to significant response contradictions, unidirectional carrier transmission of typical semiconductor p‐n junctions limits integrated sensors and artificial synapses in a monolithic device. In this work, a bipolar p‐n junction designed by employing the hydrogel/p‐GaN local contact interface with p‐GaN/(In,Ga)N heterojunction, demonstrating the bidirectional photocurrent and sensor/artificial synapse dual‐mode device successfully. After modifying Au nanoparticles, the negative (positive) photocurrent is increased by 900% (300%) under 365 nm (520 nm) light to achieve a more balanced bipolar carrier dynamic. Such a regulation of photocurrent is found to be attributed to the promotion of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the hydrogel/Au/p‐GaN interface. Thus, the device achieves the ultrahigh paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF) index of 243% under self‐powered condition. Moreover, the implementation of plasticity from short‐term to long‐term demonstrates its adaptability in neural morphology visual recognition. Beyond independent working mode, the function of five classic logic gates is achieved under three‐terminal operation. Finally, an encrypted wireless communication system using dual‐channel light signals demonstrates the extensive application potential of the monolithic device. Therefore, this work presents a viable construction blueprint to meet the demands of next‐generation all‐in‐one optoelectronics for intricate application scenarios.
Ein Phosphotriester‐Maskiertes Dideoxy‐cGAMP‐Derivat als Zellpermeabler STING‐Agonist
Authors: Halbritter Anna‐Lena J. , Gärtner Yasmin V. , Nabiev Jahongir , Hernichel Fabian , Ganazzoli Giacomo , Özdemir Dilara , Pappa Aikaterini , Veth Simon , Stazzoni Samuele , Müller Markus , Hornung Veit , Carell Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract2′3′‐zyklisches GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) ist ein zyklischer Dinukleotid‐Botenstoff, bei dem Guanosin und Adenosin durch eine 3′‐5′‐ und eine 2′‐5′‐Phosphodiester‐Bindung verbunden sind. Es wird im Zytosol bei der Erkennung pathogener DNA durch das Enzym Guanosin‐Monophosphat‐Adenosin‐Monophosphat‐Synthase (cGAS) gebildet. cGAMP bindet anschließend an das Adapterprotein Stimulator der Interferon‐Gene (STING), um eine angeborene Immunantwort auszulösen, die zur Produktion von Typ‐I‐Interferonen und Zytokinen führt. STING‐Agonisten sind ein vielversprechender Ansatzpunkt für eine immunonkologische Krebstherapie. Eine besondere Herausforderung bei zyklischen Dinukleotid‐STING‐Agonisten sind die beiden negativen Ladungen der Phosphodiester‐Bindungen, die die Fähigkeit, Zellmembranen zu durchdringen, stark einschränken. Die Entwicklung zellpermeabler STING‐Agonisten, die das Immunsystem stimulieren können und damit ihre krebsbekämpfende Wirkung verstärken, ist derzeit von größter Bedeutung. Hier berichten wir über die Entwicklung eines Dideoxy‐Derivats von cGAMP als Phosphotriester‐Prodrug, bei dem die negative Ladung des Phosphatrückgrats durch einen Thioester maskiert wurde. Wir konnten feststellen, dass diese Thioester‐geschützte Verbindung eine drastische Steigerung ihrer zellulären Wirksamkeit aufweist, die von EC50=5 μM auf 25 nM ansteigt. Die neue Verbindung soll eine effiziente Krebstherapie auf der Basis von STING‐Agonisten ermöglichen.
Engineering Stable Decomposition Products on Cathode Surfaces to Enable High Voltage All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Qian Lanting , Huang Yangyang , Dean Cameron , Kochetkov Ivan , Singh Baltej , Nazar Linda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSulfide solid electrolytes such as Li6PS5Cl hold high promise for solid‐state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity; however, their oxidation potential of ~2.5 V is not compatible with high voltage Ni‐rich cathodes such as LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 (x≥0.8). Using guidance from density functional theory, we devise an effective, conformal, and thin coating on the cathode active material, which suppresses the oxidative decomposition of Li6PS5Cl as shown by experiment. The nanometric coating on nickel‐rich NMC85 enabled capacity retention of 82 % after 200 cycles (2.8–4.3 V vs Li+/Li) using Li6PS5Cl as the solid electrolyte. In comparison, cells with an uncoated CAM only displayed 56 % capacity retention. The coated‐NCM85 cells also demonstrate much better rate performance and higher capacity. The enhanced performance is due to the formation of a stable amorphous cathode‐electrolyte interphase accruing from the decomposition products of the LiPO2F2 precursor (as predicted by DFT), which protect the sulfide electrolyte from oxidation. The coating fabricated in this cost‐effective process showed superior performance to state‐of‐the‐art coatings such as LiNbO3. This work highlights the importance of rationally designing stable coating materials based on their potential decomposition products and confirms the suitability of a low‐cost and conformal coating to enable sulfide electrolyte‐based all‐solid‐state batteries.
Defining the Synthetic Scope of ortho‐Quinone Methides by Quantifying their Electrophilicity
Authors: Gross Christoph , Eitzinger Andreas , Hampel Nathalie , Mayer Peter , Ofial Armin R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA series of aryl‐substituted ortho‐quinone methides (oQMs) was synthesised and structurally characterised. Kinetic studies of the nucleophilic additions of carbanions (reference nucleophiles) to oQMs were used to determine second‐order rate constants k2 for the carbon‐carbon bond forming reactions (20 °C, DMSO) at the oQMs’ exocyclic π‐bond. Analysing the kinetic data by the linear free energy relationship lg k2=sN(N+E) revealed the Mayr electrophilicities E of the oQMs. The electrophilicities E of oQMs correlate linearly with Hammett substituent constants and experimentally determined reduction potentials Epred as well as with quantum‐chemically calculated methyl anion affinities (MAAs), which provides valuable tools for prediciting the reactivity of further types of oQMs. Embedding the oQMs in Mayr's reactivity scales enables to predict novel nucleophilic reaction partners for oQMs and can productively be used to prepare simple Michael adducts as well as 4+2 or 4+1 cyclisation products as demonstrated in this work by several novel reactions with neutral or negatively charged C‐, N‐, and S‐nucleophiles.
Optimization Across‐The‐Board: Centro‐Arylated Push‐Pull Tetraene Chromophores and Guest‐Host Polymers for Electro‐Optics
Authors: Zhang Di , Luo Jingdong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe research and development of push‐pull tetraene chromophores (PPT‐phores) have contributed greatly to the field of organic electro‐optic (EO) materials and devices since the inauguration of CLD‐1 in 2001. This study is thus a systematic contribution to synthesize and characterize a series of centro‐arylated PPT‐phores based on strong electron‐donating tetrahydroquinolinyl groups and variable strong electron‐accepting tricyanofuran derivatives. In particular, we report the crystallographic data to show various packing modes of these PPT‐phores with detailed information about bond length alternation and intermolecular interactions, the optical absorption edges of guest‐host polymers by the Tauc model, and the anisotropy and dispersion of Pockels tensors for the poled polymers by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. Such analyses have not been addressed to any significant extent previously and are fundamentally important to the future development of PPT‐phore‐based EO materials and devices. The poled films of several centro‐arylated PPT‐phores in polycarbonates exhibited large EO activities, excellent thermal stability, and tunable optical transparency at the telecom O‐ and C‐band. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of π‐bridge centro‐arylation enabled by molecular shape modification and rigidity enhancement, over the relatively flexible and labile thioether or alkoxy groups, in rational design of hyperpolarizable PPT‐phores for high‐performance EO polymers.
Maintaining Organizational Resilience Amidst Socio‐Political Turmoil: Lessons From the Jewish—Palestinian Context
Authors: Jakob Sadeh Linda 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe live in an era dominated by political fervor, escalating social divisions, and increasing polarization, posing challenges to diverse organizations. In this paper, I delve into the impact of mega‐threats—external societal events with wide media coverage that evoke intense negative emotions—on organizations promoting diversity and inclusion. I explore how organizations can sustain resilience, acting as safe spaces where individuals from diverse identities and ideological perspectives feel a sense of belonging and can maintain their unique voice. Drawing on a 15‐month ethnographic study of an organization navigating the protracted national conflict between Palestinians and Jews, I uncover a two‐pronged organizational strategy. This strategy, balancing demographic representation with a commitment to avoiding the national conflict and maintaining neutrality, successfully preserves diversity, as well as crucial elements of inclusion, such as employees' sense of security and, at times, belonging. However, it falls short in cultivating resilience in the voice component, potentially leading to lower well‐being, increased avoidant work behaviors, and compromises in organizational cohesion. Avoidance also compromises organizational learning, preventing the development of capacities to address potential threats. The research contributes to the knowledge on organizational resilience in the face of mega‐threats, urging organizations to move beyond harmony‐focused approaches and address conflicts proactively for sustained diversity and inclusion.
Engagement in Intermittent Fasting is Prospectively Associated With Higher Body Mass Index, Higher Eating Disorder Psychopathology, and Lower Intuitive Eating in Chinese Adults
Authors: He Jinbo , Chen Xi , Cui Tianxiang , Xiao Yueyang , Barnhart Wesley R. , Wang Yitong , Yi Shouhe , Nagata Jason M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of intermittent fasting (IF) engagement with body mass index (BMI), both thinness‐oriented and muscularity‐oriented eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, eating‐related psychosocial impairment, and intuitive eating.MethodUsing a longitudinal design, 491 Chinese adults (M
age = 30.33 years, SD = 7.89) provided data regarding BMI, IF status, and eating variables at baseline (T1) and 8‐month (T2) follow‐up. One‐way ANOVA was used to explore cross‐sectional associations between IF engagement at T1 and study variables (i.e., BMI and eating variables) at T1. Cross‐lagged regression analyses were used to examine the longitudinal associations between IF engagement at T1 and study variables at T2, after adjusting for covariates and study variables at T1.ResultsCross‐sectionally, compared with participants who never engaged in IF at T1, those with current or past engagement in IF at T1 exhibited significantly higher BMI, ED psychopathology, eating‐related psychosocial impairment, and lower intuitive eating at T1. Longitudinally, relative to never engagement in IF at T1, both current and past engagement in IF at T1 were associated with higher ED psychopathology and greater eating‐related psychosocial impairment at T2. Also, relative to never engagement in IF at T1, past engagement in IF at T1 was associated with higher BMI at T2 and lower unconditional permission to eat as a facet of intuitive eating at T2.DiscussionThe findings challenge the perception of IF as an effective approach for weight loss and also suggest IF might have enduring adverse impacts on eating behaviors, similar to traditional forms of dieting.