bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Temporal Change in Carbon Stock of Muthupet Mangroves in Tamil Nadu Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Narmada K. , Annaidasan K. 
Published: March 2019

Aim: To study the carbon storage potential of Muthupet mangroves in Tamil Nadu using Remote sensing techniques.
Place and Duration: The study is carried out in Muthupet Mangroves for the years 2000, 2010 and 2017.
Methodology: In this study the remote sensing images were processed using the ERDAS and ArcGIS software and the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) has also been applied to estimate the quantity of carbon sequestration capability for the Avicennia marina mangrove growing in the Muthupet region for the period 2000-2017. The formula proposed by Lai [10] was used to calculate the carbon stock using geospatial techniques.
Results: The results show that the mangroves in Muthupet region has NDVI values between -0.671 and 0.398 in 2000, -0.93 and 0.621 in 2010 and -0.66 and 0.398 in 2017. The observation indicates the reliability and validity of the aviation remote sensing with high resolution and with near red spectrum experimented in this research for estimating the the Avicennia marina (Forsk.) mangrove growing in this region. The estimated quantity of carbon di oxide sequestrated by the mangrove was about 1475.642 Mg/Ha in 2000, 3646.312 Mg/Ha in 2010 and 1677.72 Mg/Ha in 2017.
Conclusion: The capacity of the Avicennia marina growing in Muthupet region to sequestrate carbon show that it has a great potential for development and implementation. The results obtained in this research can be used as a basis for policy makers, conservationists, regional planners, and researchers to deal with future development of cities and their surroundings in regions of highly ecological and environmental sensitivity. Thus the finding shows that wetlands are an important ecological boon as it helps to control the impact of climate change in many different ways.
Translation arrest as a protein quality control system for aberrant translation of the 3′‐UTR in mammalian cells
Authors: Hashimoto Satoshi , Nobuta Risa , Izawa Toshiaki , Inada Toshifumi 
Published: March 2019

Read‐through or mutations of a stop codon resulting in translation of the 3′‐UTR produce potentially toxic C‐terminally extended proteins. However, quality control mechanisms for such proteins are poorly understood in mammalian cells. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the 3′‐UTRs of genes associated with hereditary diseases identified novel arrest‐inducing sequences in the 3′‐UTRs of 23 genes that can repress the levels of their protein products. In silico analysis revealed that the hydrophobicity of the polypeptides encoded in the 3′‐UTRs is correlated with arrest efficiency. These results provide new insight into quality control mechanisms mediated by 3′‐UTRs to prevent the production of C‐terminally extended cytotoxic proteins.
Photon and electron backscatter dose and energy spectrum analysis around Lipiodol using flattened and unflattened beams
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke , Ozawa Shuichi , Kimura Tomoki , Saito Akito , Nakashima Takeo , Ohno Yoshimi , Murakami Yuji , Nagata Yasushi , Shiinoki Takehiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the backscatter dose and energy spectrum from the Lipiodol with flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter‐free (FFF) beams. Moreover, the backscatter range, that was defined as the backscatter distance (BD) are revealed.Methods6 MVX FF and FFF beams were delivered by TrueBeam. Two dose calculation methods with Monte Carlo calculation were used with a virtual phantom in which the Lipiodol (3 × 3 × 3 cm3) was located at a depth of 5.0 cm in a water‐equivalent phantom (20 × 20 × 20 cm3). The first dose calculation was an analysis of the dose and energy spectrum with the complete scattering of photons and electrons, and the other was a specified dose analysis only with scattering from a specified region. The specified dose analysis was divided into a scattering of primary photons and a scattering of electrons.ResultsThe lower‐energy photons contributed to the backscatter, while the high‐energy photons contributed the difference of the backscatter dose between the FF and FFF beams. Although the difference in the dose from the scattered electrons between the FF and FFF beams was within 1%, the difference of the dose from the scattered photons between the FF and FFF beams was 5.4% at a depth of 4.98 cm.ConclusionsThe backscatter range from the Lipiodol was within 3 mm and depended on the Compton scatter from the primary photons. The backscatter dose from the Lipiodol can be useful in clinical applications in cases where the backscatter region is located within a tumor.
Distributive quality assurance and delivery of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy treatments amongst beam matched linear accelerators: A feasibility study
Authors: Rijken James , Schachenmayr Hilmar , Crowe Scott , Kairn Tanya , Trapp Jamie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeBeam matching occurs on all linacs to some degree and when two are more are matched to each other, patients are able to be transferred between machines. Quality assurance of plans can also be performed “distributively” on any of the matched linacs. The degree to which machines are matched and how this translates to like delivery of plans has been the focus of a number of studies. This concept has not yet been explored for stereotactic techniques which require a higher degree of accuracy. This study proposes beam matching criteria which allows for the distributive delivery and quality assurance of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plans.MethodTwo clinically relevant and complex volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) SBRT spine and lung plans were chosen as benchmarking cases. These were delivered on nine previously beam matched linacs with quality assurance performed through ArcCheck and film exposure in the sagittal plane. Measured doses were compared to their treatment planning system predictions through gamma analysis at a range of criteria.ResultsDespite differences in beam match parameters and variations in small fields, all nine linacs produced accurate deliveries with a tight deviation in the population sample. Pass rates were well above suggested tolerances at the recommended gamma criterion. Film was able to detect dose errors to a greater degree than ArcCheck.ConclusionDistributive quality assurance and delivery of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy treatments amongst beam matched linacs is certainly feasible provided the linacs are matched to a strict protocol like that suggested in this study and regular quality assurance is performed on the matched fleet. Distributive quality assurance and delivery of SBRT provides the possibility of efficiency gains for physicists as well as treatment staff.
Theoretical Investigation of Dielectric Materials for Two‐Dimensional Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Teitz Liora , Caspary Toroker Maytal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional dielectric materials that can inhibit electronic leakage are vital for developing next‐generation all‐2D electronic devices. However, few comprehensive studies of the atomistic nature of 2D insulating dielectrics currently exist. In this work, computational design strategies based on density functional theory and quantum dynamics simulations are used to assess the charge permeability through dielectric materials. Promising 2D dielectrics are considered, including monolayer SiC, hBN, and BeO, which possess promising properties and a honeycomb structure compatible with that of MoS2, currently the most commonly used channel material in all‐2D transistors. A useful protocol for discovering promising dielectrics is described. The atomic structures of the interfaces are determined and their stabilities are evaluated by studying the interface formation energies and the presence of stress/strain at the interfaces. The interface electronic structures are characterized by studying the band structures, band offsets, and charge transfer at the interface. These important quantities reveal that all three materials chosen are good dielectric materials, but SiC is the poorest among them, BeO has the best insulting properties as a monolayer and hBN prevents the most charge leakage at the interface. It is shown how this protocol can also consider the effects of external potentials and temperatures.
Halide Perovskites for Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Xu Jialiang , Li Xinyue , Xiong Jianbo , Yuan Chunqing , Semin Sergey , Rasing Theo , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHalide perovskites provide an ideal platform for engineering highly promising semiconductor materials for a wide range of applications in optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers. More recently, increasing research efforts have been directed toward the nonlinear optical properties of halide perovskites because of their unique chemical and electronic properties, which are of crucial importance for advancing their applications in next‐generation photonic devices. Here, the current state of the art in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO) in halide perovskite materials is reviewed. Halide perovskites are categorized into hybrid organic/inorganic and pure inorganic ones, and their second‐, third‐, and higher‐order NLO properties are summarized. The performance of halide perovskite materials in NLO devices such as upconversion lasers and ultrafast laser modulators is analyzed. Several potential perspectives and research directions of these promising materials for nonlinear optics are presented.
Highly Efficient, Stable, and Ductile Ternary Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells from a Two‐Donor Polymer Blend
Authors: Hu Huawei , Ye Long , Ghasemi Masoud , Balar Nrup , Rech Jeromy James , Stuard Samuel J. , You Wei , O'Connor Brendan T. , Ade Harald 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) are one of the most promising cost‐effective options for utilizing solar energy, and, while the field of OSCs has progressed rapidly in device performance in the past few years, the stability of nonfullerene OSCs has received less attention. Developing devices with both high performance and long‐term stability remains challenging, particularly if the material choice is restricted by roll‐to‐roll and benign solvent processing requirements and desirable mechanical durability. Building upon the ink (toluene:FTAZ:IT‐M) that broke the 10% benchmark when blade‐coated in air, a second donor material (PBDB‐T) is introduced to stabilize and enhance performance with power conversion efficiency over 13% while keeping toluene as the solvent. More importantly, the ternary OSCs exhibit excellent thermal stability and storage stability while retaining high ductility. The excellent performance and stability are mainly attributed to the inhibition of the crystallization of nonfullerene small‐molecular acceptors (SMAs) by introducing a stiff donor that also shows low miscibility with the nonfullerene SMA and a slightly higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) than the host polymer. The study indicates that improved stability and performance can be achieved in a synergistic way without significant embrittlement, which will accelerate the future development and application of nonfullerene OSCs.
MXene‐Based Composites: Synthesis and Applications in Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Jian , Bao Weizhai , Jaumaux Pauline , Zhang Songtao , Wang Chengyin , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe family of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (collectively called MXenes) is rapidly studied since the initial synthesis of Ti3C2Tx (MXene). The surface of MXenes etched by hydrofluoric acid has hydrophilic groups (F, OH, and O), which leads the surface to be negatively charged. Consequently, the negatively charged surface can facilitate the compounding of MXenes with other positively charged materials and prevent MXenes from aggregating with some negatively charged substances, thus promoting the formation of a stable dispersion. The MXene‐based composites have better electrochemical performance than both precursors due to synergistic effects. This review elaborates and discusses the development of MXene‐based composites. It is aimed to summarize the various methods of fabricating MXene‐based composites. The applications of MXene‐based composites in batteries and supercapacitors are presented along with analysis of their excellent electrochemical performances. Finally, the authors propose the approach for further enhancing the electrochemical performances of MXene‐based composite electrode materials.
Realization of Both High Absorption of Active Materials and Low Ohmic Loss in Plasmonic Cavities
Authors: Zhen Tao , Zhou Jing , Li Zhifeng , Chen Xiaoshuang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEnhancing active material absorption and suppressing ohmic loss is desired by a lot of applications based on plasmonic structures. In this work, an effective photonic approach is presented to achieve this purpose in plasmonic cavities. Enhancing the absorption ratio of the active material to the metal (by properly increasing the volume of the active region), and meanwhile keeping the system close to a critical coupling status for perfect light trapping (by switching the resonance to a higher‐order one or making real facets as the cavity boundaries) is proposed. As a photonic approach, this is generally applicable to different plasmonic materials. With the help of this approach, the absorption of the quantum wells in a plasmonic‐cavity‐integrated quantum well infrared photodetector operating in the longwave infrared range can be enhanced to 82% of the incident power and the ohmic loss can be suppressed to 18%. For plasmonic‐cavity‐integrated GaAs devices operating in the near infrared range, the approach can enhance the active material absorption to 78% of the incident power and suppress the ohmic loss to 20% at the wavelengths close to the bandgap. Also, it would improve the performance at a more extended wavelength.
Seleno‐Michael Reaction of Stable Functionalised Alkyl Selenols: A Versatile Tool for the Synthesis of Acyclic and Cyclic Unsymmetrical Alkyl and Vinyl Selenides
Authors: Tanini Damiano , Scarpelli Simone , Ermini Elena , Capperucci Antonella 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeleno‐Michael additions of stable functionalised primary alkyl selenols to activated alkenes and alkynes are described. In the presence of Al2O3, β‐hydroxy‐, β‐amino‐, and β‐mercapto selenols react smoothly with electron‐poor alkenes and alkynes to afford the corresponding unsymmetrical functionalised dialkyl‐ and alkyl−vinyl‐selenides in good yield. The very mild conditions allow a broad range of selenols and Michael acceptors to be converted into the corresponding synthetically valuable seleno‐Michael adducts, demonstrating high selectivity and excellent functional group tolerance. Hydroxy‐ and mercapto‐substituted vinyl selenides were efficiently employed for the synthesis of functionalised 1,3‐oxaselenolanes, 1,3‐thiaselenolanes, and 1,4‐thiaselenanes through intramolecular oxa‐ and thia‐Michael additions. Furthermore, a NaH‐promoted lactonization enables the synthesis of variously substituted 2‐oxo‐1,4‐oxaselenanes from hydroxy−vinyl‐selenides. Evaluation of thiol peroxidase‐like properties of novel functionalised organoselenides demonstrated that they possess a remarkable catalytic antioxidant activity.magnified image
Synthesis of Tridentate Chiral Spiro Aminophosphine−Oxazoline Ligands and Application to Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Keto Amides
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Hua , Wang Chen , Xie Jian‐Hua , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new type of tridentate chiral spiro aminophosphine−oxazoline ligands (SpiroOAP) have been synthesized through four steps. The SpiroOAP ligands are highly efficient for the asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐keto amides, providing a variety of synthetically useful α‐hydroxy amides with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee) and turnover numbers (up to 10,000).magnified image
Supersymmetric Hamiltonian and Vortex Formation Model in a Quantum Nonlinear System in an Inhomogeneous Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Manzetti Sergio , Trounev Alexander 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVortices and quasiparticles in 2D systems are studied for the last decades in relation to the development of technologies in quantum electromagnetics, optics, and quantum computation. Hamiltonians are a fundamental part for studying quasiparticles and vortices, and provide models to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions that describe a real physical state. By devising supersymmetry, a Hamiltonian for the description of vortices is developed forming in an 2D electron gas and study the numerical solutions under the effects of an alternating electromagnetic field. The numerical analysis shows that vorticity is formed spontaneously without symmetry‐breaking and vortices arise from the boundaries and converge toward the center of the system in a similar fashion to natural hydrodynamic phenomena in water or plasma. Additionally, the equation under damping conditions is studied, a homogenous magnetic field and under the absence of an electromagnetic field. The results and the study of the parameters indicate that the supersymmetic wave equation (SWE) may be a good model equation to describe vorticity for quantum electromagnetics, hydrodynamics, and other physical phenomena in the realm of physical and quantum physical sciences.
Modulation of the Work Function by the Atomic Structure of Strong Organic Electron Acceptors on H‐Si(111)
Authors: Wang Haiyuan , Levchenko Sergey V. , Schultz Thorsten , Koch Norbert , Scheffler Matthias , Rossi Mariana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdvances in hybrid organic/inorganic architectures for optoelectronics can be achieved by understanding how the atomic and electronic degrees of freedom cooperate or compete to yield the desired functional properties. Here, how work function changes are modulated by the structure of the organic components in model hybrid systems is shown. Two cyano‐quinodimethane derivatives (F4‐TCNQ and F6‐TCNNQ), which are strong electron‐acceptor molecules, adsorbed on H‐Si(111) are considered. From systematic structure searches employing the range‐separated hybrid HSE06 functional including many‐body van der Waals (vdW) contributions, it is predicted that, despite their similar composition, these molecules adsorb with significantly different densely packed geometries in the first layer, due to strong intermolecular interaction. F6‐TCNNQ shows a much stronger intralayer interaction (primarily due to vdW contributions) than F4‐TCNQ in multilayered structures. The densely packed geometries induce a large interface‐charge rearrangement that results in a work function increase of 1.11 and 1.76 eV for F4‐TCNQ and F6‐TCNNQ, respectively. Nuclear fluctuations at room temperature produce a wide distribution of work function values, well‐modeled by a normal distribution with σ = 0.17 eV. These findings are corroborated with experimental evidence of pronounced island formation for F6‐TCNNQ on H‐Si(111) and with the agreement of trends between predicted and measured work function changes.
Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): Chemical Synthesis, Transport Properties, and Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Petsagkourakis Ioannis , Kim Nara , Tybrandt Klas , Zozoulenko Igor , Crispin Xavier 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince their discovery in the seventies, conducting polymers have been chemically designed to acquire specific optical and electrical properties for various applications. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is among the most successful polymers as indicated by ≈12 000 articles mentioning it to date. PEDOT is found as transparent polymer electrodes in solar cells and light‐emitting diodes, as printed electrodes in transistors, and as the main component of electrochromic displays, supercapacitors, and electrochemical transistors. For around seven years, PEDOT has been classified as the first thermoelectric polymer that converts heat flow into electricity. This has triggered a renewed interest in the scientific community, with about 400 publications including the keyword “PEDOT” and “thermoelectric.” Among the topics covered by those scientific works are: i) the optimization of the thermoelectric properties, ii) understanding of the interplay between electrical properties and morphology, iii) the origin of the Seebeck coefficient, iv) the characterization of its thermal conductivity; and v) the design of thermoelectric devices. This work aims to be a pedagogical introduction to PEDOT but also to review the state‐of‐the art of its thermoelectric properties and thermoelectric devices. Hopefully, this work will inspire scientists to find chemical design rules to bring organic thermoelectrics beyond PEDOT.
Reduced Energy Loss Enabled by a Chlorinated Thiophene‐Fused Ending‐Group Small Molecular Acceptor for Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with 13.6% Efficiency
Authors: Luo Zhenghui , Liu Tao , Wang Yiling , Zhang Guangye , Sun Rui , Chen Zhangxiang , Zhong Cheng , Wu Jingnan , Chen Yuzhong , Zhang Maojie , Zou Yang , Ma Wei , Yan He , Min Jie , Li Yongfang , Yang Chuluo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGenerally, highly efficient organic solar cells require both a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and a high short‐circuit current density (JSC). Reducing the energy loss (Eloss) is an effective way to achieve a high VOC without compromising the photocurrent, which is ideal for enhancing the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, a new chlorinated nonfullerene acceptor (ITC‐2Cl) with chlorinated thiophene‐fused end groups is developed. In comparison with the unchlorinated counterpart (ITCPTC), the introduction of Cl improves not only the electronic properties by redshifting the absorption spectra and deepening the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, but also the molecular packing and thus thin‐film morphology. The PM6:ITC‐2Cl‐based device yields a significantly higher PCE (13.6%) with a lower Eloss (0.67 eV) than the ITCPTC‐based device (PCE of 12.3% with Eloss of 0.70 eV). More importantly, compared to the archetypal nonfullerene acceptors such as IT‐4F (PCE of 12.9% with Eloss of 0.73 eV) and IT‐4Cl (PCE of 12.7% with Eloss of 0.76 eV), the ITC‐2Cl‐based device shows a higher PCE and a lower Eloss. These results demonstrate that the chlorinated thiophene‐fused end group is a promising candidate for a high‐performance nonfullerene acceptors with low energy loss.