bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Banded Chromite-Fuchsite Quartzite in the Older Supracrustal Sequence of Karnataka
Authors: Ramiengar A. S. , Devadu G. R. , Viswanatha M. N. , Chayapathi N. , Ramakrishnan M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A small enclave of ancient supracrustal rocks (Sargur Group) in Kamataka contains an interesting occurrence of fuchsite quartzite with layers of chromite and other heavy minerals like magnetite, tourmaline, rutile and zircon. The opaque and non-opaque heavy mineral suite is suggestive of a source region rich in sialic components with subordinate ultramafic rocks. This is consistent with the spatial association of these supracrustal rocks with a vast gneissic complex containing numerous enclaves of chromite-rich ultramafic rocks in the vicinity.
Holocene Limestones of Part of the Western Continental Shelf of India
Authors: Nair R. R. , Hashimi N. H. , Shankaranarayana Guptha M. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dredging on the western continental shelf of India has shown that the most common rock types outcropping on the irregular topography of the outer shelf (70-90 m) are algal limestones and shelly limestones containing superficial ooids and pelletoids, while those on the upper continental slope (130-180 m) are algal bryozoan limestones. The limestones have a radiocarbon age ranging between 9,000 and 11,000 years. Depositional environment on the continental shelf during the Holocene appears to be characterised by shallow waters in association with lagoon-barrier beach environment.
Rare Earth Elements in Dhandbuka Bore Hole Suite Deccan Basalts, Western India
Authors: Alexander P. O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Abundances of some rare-earth elements (REE) together with Hf, Ta and Th have been determined by neutron activation analysis on twenty-one Dhandhuka flows of known mineralogical and chemical composition. All the basaltic flows have fractionated REE patterns with enrichment of light rare-earths. La/Yb ratio varies from 7.6 to 22.2. A systematic relationship is observed between the total rare-earth abundances and the petrochemistry of the rocks. REE data of these flows are compared with the previous REE data on Deccan basalts and tholeiites from other provinces. Comparison with REE data of oceanic tholeiites of the Indian ocean and the application of partition coefficients suggests that Dhandhuka flows may have been produced by partial melting of solid type of mantle material.
Vanadium Bearing Titaniferous Magnetite Deposits of Karnataka, India
Authors: Vasudev V. N. , Srinivasan R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The vanadium bearing titaniferous magnetite deposits of Karnataka occur within gabbro-anorthosite members, spatially associated with the ultramafic rocks emplaced in the platformal miogeosynclinal regions of the Dharwar schist belts. They are generally conformable, syngenetic magmatic deposits, although instances of magmatic injection are known. Vanadium occurs in magnetite lattice substituting for ferric iron. The vanadium bearing titaniferous magnetites often carry copper and iron sulphide mineralization. The association of titaniferous magnetite with the ultramafic-mafic suite and their tectonic setting suggest, that the ultramafic-mafic sequence of rocks of Dharwar greenstone belts are probably not alpine, but compare better with concentric complexes.
Geomorphic Significance of Lateritic Bauxite in the Shevaroy and Kollaimalai Hills, Salem District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Subramanian K. S. , Mani G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the Shevaroy and the Kollaimalai hills, Tamil Nadu, lateritic bauxite cappings occur at altitudes of about 1550 m and 1300 m, respectively. The gently undulating terrains on plateau landforms with flat-topped hills and wide shallow valleys and the altitudinal restriction of the cappings are suggestive of the prevalence of a planation surface/surfaces.
At first sight, the altitudinal difference of 250 m between the plateau landforms on the Kollaimalai and Shevaroys is suggestive of the prevalance of two independent surfaces. It is apparent that the two surfaces are erosional remnants of a single surface with a southerly slope of 0°15'. The sheared and ductile nature of the gneisses exposed in the east-west running Attur valley in between the two hill ranges suggests that the rocks represent deep tectonic levels of faults. The unsheared nature of the ultramafic emplacements (Chalk Hills of Salem, Precambrian in age) traced within the gneisses indicates that there was no large scale tectonic disturbance along the Attur valley in post-Precambrian times.
The plateau landforms with lateritic bauxite cappings at an altitude of about 2134m (7000') in the Nilgiri and Palni hills belong to the same planation surface as the one on the Shevaroys and the Kollaimalais.
It is suggested that lateritisation commenced towards the end phases of planation by erosion and continued after the formation of the surfaces.
Rubidium-Strontium Ages of Some Rocks from Parts of the Eastern Ghats in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Perraju P. , Kovach Adam , Svingor E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Garnet-sillimanite-graphite gneiss (khondalite) from Puri district, Orissa has given an age of 3090 m.y. while another sample of similar composition from Yerada hill near Visakhapatnam has yielded an age of 2482 m.y. A sample of garnetiferous hypersthene gneiss from Kasipatnam in Visakhapatnam district is found to be 2695 m.y. in age and a feldspathised variety of the same rock has yielded an age of 2129 m.y. indicating the feldspathisation process to be a later event. The present paper highlights a hitherto unreported granitic activity around 816 ± 40 m.y. in the Eastern Ghats area.
Study of Red and Brown Earth Deposits of North-West Sri Lanka
Authors: Dahanayake Kapila , Jayawardana S. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Geological, mineralogical and chemical studies of Red and Brown Earth deposits of Northwest Sri Lanka reveal both fluvial and aeolian origins. It has been established that the colour of sediments change from brown, reddish brown to red in that order with increasing Fe+++ content.
Structural Pattern in the Ajabgarh Rocks Around Anakhar, District Ajmer
Authors: Roday Prakash P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An enormous nearly flat-lying isocline related apparently to the earliest recognisable deformational movement (F1) in the Ajabgarh rocks around Anakhar in Ajmer district is superposed by numerous upright open or tight structures formed during a later event (F2). Many minor F2 structures have a westerly sense of movement. Not only are the axes of the two sets of structures parallel, they also possess high directional stability. Top half of the westerly closing isocline has been denuded in the northwestern part of the area. The lithologic map in this part is therefore an axial planar representation of the early fold. Heron's contention that 'the huge pegmatite dike at Anakhar cuts vertically through a recumbent fold' therefore, appears to be strongly supported.
The youngest structures are broad warps (F3) lying at high angle to early structures but their axes have low directional stability owing to development of folds on surfaces of variable attitude.
Minor folds of all generations are rare in calc-schists but abundant in other lithologies. All the rocks in the area appear to have behaved as a multilayer complex during the first and second deformative phases with competent lithology sueh as calc schist controlling fold initiation and buckling.
Optical and X-Ray Study and Genesis of Barytes from Gattihosahalli, Chitradurga District
Authors: Devaraju T. C. , Anantha Murthy K. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Barytes occurs as small, subeconomic, discontinuous lenses and bands interstratified with sericite and fuchsite-bearing quartzite. The mineral has 2Vz=34°, nμ=1.632 and (? - a)=0.095. There is a close similarity in the powder X-ray data obtained for three samples of the mineral and between these and the ASTM values for BaSO4. The deposit bears evidence of sedimentary origin; both biochemical processes and volcanic exhalations are inferred to have contributed to the formation of the deposit. The deposit perhaps constitutes the terminal phase of a volcanic cycle.
The Tandi Group of Lahaul-Its Geology and Relationship with the Central Himalayan Gneiss
Authors: Srikantia S. V. , Bhargava O. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Tandi Group of Lahaul area in the Himachal Higher Himalaya represents a sequence of essentially carbonate rocks. It is underlain by chlorite phyllite representing possibly metamorphosed lava flows and overlies Precambrian-Eocambrian Batal Formation of the Haimanta Group. The Tandi Group has yielded significant fossil assemblage indicating a Permian to Triassic and possibly Jurassic age. Structurally, the Tandi Group constitutes an overturned syncline with a southwest dipping axial plane. The overturned limb has thrust imbricates suggesting a direction of movement from sw to NE.
The Tandi Group represents a major Permo-Trias marine transgression from Kashmir in NW through Bhallesh and Chamba. It has no direct relationship with the Central Crystalline Gneiss which occupies stratigraphically the deepest position in the area and forms a geanticline separating the Spiti-Zanskar basin from the Kashmir-Bhallesh-Chamba- Tandi-basins.
The Tandi rocks suffered intense deformation together with the basement rocks due to its proximity to the main orographic axis. The Precambrian-Eocambrian basement rocks have vestiges of folds older than the Himalayan folds.
Microbiota from the Bababudan Iron Formation, Karnataka
Authors: Viswanathiah M. N. , Venkatachalapathy V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The banded ferruginous quartzites of the Bababudan hills, for the first time, after palynological probe have revealed the Occurrence of microbiota. 13 forms of specific and nonspecific taxonomic categories have been described and illustrated. Age relationships of the microbiota and the origin of the iron formation are discussed.
Delhi-Pre-Delhi Relation at Lalsot, Jaipur District, Rajasthan: A Reappraisal
Authors: Gangopadhyay P. K. , Pyne T. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Lalsot-Bayana hills in northeastern Rajasthan are dominated by the Delhi Group of rocks which are folded on a regional scale. In Lalsot hill region, extending from Chainpura in the north to Lalsot town in the south, a remarkable feature is the occurrence of unconformity between the Delhi Group and the underlying older rocks (Pre-Delhi).
Structural and lithostratigraphical mapping indicate that at Lalsot, the unconformity is a mistaken identity between two units of the same stratigraphical succession. Both the units belong to the Delhi Group and these have been renamed as 'Lalsot quartzite' and' Lalsot schist'. There is no evidence to suggest that the Lalsot schist was a metamorphosed unit prior to the onset of deformation and metamorphism.
Structural and Petrological Evolution of the Rocks around Jamua-Kakwara-Bhatia of Satpura Orogeny, Bhagalpur District, Bihar
Authors: Chatterjee S. R. , Sen Gupta D. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The polyrnetamorphic sequence includes quartzites, mica-schists, calc-silicates, ortho-amphibolites, migmatites and granite gneisses with pegmatites, aplites and quartz veins. Diastrophic structures in the rocks indicate the presence of a series of buckled and flattened modified parallel or near similar folds of diverging trend and plunge. Structural analyses reveal a complex monoclinic squeezing along NW-SE initiating overturned isoclinal high plunging folds (F1) with southerly dipping NE-SW axial plane (S2), superposed with a probable time gap by steeply plunging disharmonic folds of second generation (F2) with subvertical axial plane (S3). Conjugate folds and kink bands with kink planes (S4) striking NW-SE are related to F3 fold of restricted nature.
The regional metamorphism (sillimanite-muscovite subfacies of almandine-amphibolite facies) is followed by syn- to late-kinematic (with reference to F1 fold) in situ granitization, Geochemical changes in different rock types leading to in situ granitization have been traced on the basis of (a) petromineralogical study of representative samples, (b) systematic modal analyses, supported by analyses showing Na-K and trace element variations. Morphological and statistical analyses of zircon and authigenic tourmaline occurring in the area confirm a sedimentary parentage of the metamorphites. Stratigraphic position is fixed up above Kolhans.
X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Clays of Coastal Sedimentaries in Parts of West and East Godavari Districts, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Radhakrishna I. , Poornachandra Rao M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The nonmarine sediments are characterised by dominating presence of kaolinite, while the marine sediments have differing clay mineral composition. The Intertrappeans are represented by Na+ moutmorillonites and the Raghavapurarn clays are characterised by a combination of kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite in decreasing order of abundance. These clays are believed to have been derived from different source rocks under varying climatic conditions.
Notes on Two New Species of Bivalvia from the Jurassic Rocks of Habo Hill in Kutch
Authors: Kanjilal S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Two New Bivalvia species, viz., Area (Eonavicula) bisulcata n. sp. and Sowerbyasinghi n. sp., have been Described and Illustrated from the Jurassic Rocks of Habo Hill, District Kutch (Gujarat).
Petrogenesis of Low Potassic Quartz Normative Deccan Tholeiites
Authors: Alexander P. O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Among the ten-flow basaltic sequence in the NE of the Deccan province, flow 5 is considered as the most 'primitive' (K2O, 0.16%; Rb, 2 ppm; Pb, 2 ppm and 87Sr/86Sr, 0.7039). 190 metres of the ten-flow lava pile is singularly quartz normative and the absence of olivine and olivine tholeiites is conspicuous. The unique 'Deccan character', i.e., enrichment of iron and titania is observed but silica (48.26%), K2O (0.2%) and coherent trace elements (Rb, 6 ppm, Pb : 6 ppm) are strikingly low. Occurrence of similar low potassic rocks are observed from elsewhere in the Deccan region. Such rocks will extend the diversity of Deccan basalts in the low potassium end of the spectrum and are shown to have a definite resemblance to the oceanic tholeiites in spite of difference in the 'environment'.
Petrogenesis of these low potassic quartz normative tholeiites, taking flow 5 as the unmodified melt is discussed in the light of the generally accepted models. Its derivation as partial melts of Upper Mantle composition analogous to garnet peridotite is not favoured. These tholeiites seem to have been derived as almost 'total melts' of possible eclogite lenses and patches in the Upper Mantle.
Burma: NNW-SSE Lineaments and Relation to Drainage, Mineralization and Tectonics
Authors: Crawford A. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Peculiar aspects of the essentially southerly drainage of Burma relate to Late Cenozoic uplift, since establishment of its major rivers, of a horst 70km wide trending NNW-SSE which extends from the Patkai (Naga) Hills of the Fold Belt to the Shan Plateau. The lineaments extend into the Plateau as fracture zones. This trend affects much of Burma, dominating the Plateau and influencing locally direction of rivers in the Central Lowland. The jadeite deposits of northern Burma occur where the Burman Volcanic Belt crosses the horst. The Bawdwin and other base metal deposits are concentrated near the crossing of the horst lineaments with others, gently arcuate, eastwest in Burma and curving northwards into China The horst appears to be associated with dornal uplift which affected northernmost Burma and possibly the easternmost Himalaya.
Uraninite in the Uranium Deposits of Singhbhum Shear Zone, Bihar
Authors: Krishna Rao N. , Rao G. V. U. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Uraninite is the main uranium mineral in the uranium deposits of Singhbhum Shear Zone, Bihar. The uraninite from different deposits have compositions varying between UO2.30 to UO2.44 which is typical of vein uraninites. They contain &lt; 1 % ThO2, but have appreciable rare earths C?5%). They also contain 12-15% PbO, which is all radiogenic. Among the rare earths the heavy lanthanides predominate. In addition uraninite from Narwapahar shows an enrichment in Eu. The unit cell edge of uraninite from different deposits varies between 5.420 Å and 5.453 Å. The uraninite from the copper deposits of Rakha and Surda, and Narwapahar have decidedly higher cell edge (5.45 Å) than those from Bhatin and Jaduguda (5.42 Å). On annealing at 1000°C in an inert atmosphere the cell edge decreased to a near constant value of 5.428 Å, the contraction varying between 0.01 Å to 0.03 Å.
D. T.A. and T.G.A. curves of Narwapahar and Bhatin uraninite indicate that these differ considerably from those of pure UO2. There are also significant differences between the two. These differences are attributed to crystallinity and degree of disorder in the uraninite lattice. The variations in the composition, cell edge, annealing and oxidation characteristics of uraninite from different uranium deposits reflect different temperature conditions during their formation.
Proboscidean Teeth from the Bokabil Formation of Tripura State, India
Authors: Trivedy A. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper describes two fossil teeth, a third upper left and a lower true molar, of Gomphotherium which were recovered by the author from the Bokabil Formation of Tripura State.
The characters of the teeth, specially the upper one (LM3), suggest that they belong to a form intermediate between the Indian species, Gomphotherium Cooperi Osborn and Gompholherium palaeindiscus (Lydekker) Osborn. This form is comparable to Gomphotherium anqustidens Cuvier. An Upper Aquitanian to Lower Helvetian age to the Bokabil Formation is favoured.
Pink Granites in the Highland Series of Sri Lanka-A Case Study
Authors: Munasinghe Tissa , Dissanayake C. B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pink granites in the Digana antiform area of the Precambrian of Sri Lanka occupy the marginal zone of migmatites and metasediments of granulite facies, and occur as isolated bodies within the migmatite terrains. Field evidence and petrography of these rocks are suggestive of an anatectic origin. The period of emplacement is interpreted as being correlative with the basement mobilization and migmatisation presumed to have occurred at 1250 Ma which affected the Highland Series metasediments of Sri Lanka.
Tectonic History of the Bijawar Rocks at the Barmhanghat Section of the Narmada Valley
Authors: Roday Prakash P. , Bhat Arun K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Bijawar rocks exposed at the Barmhanghat section of the Narmada Valley bear imprints of two folding episodes (D2 and D3) and a shearing movement (D1) that predates folding in the rocks. The first fold structures (Fl related to D2) evolved by a combination of tangential longitudinal strain and oblique flexural slip, the latter suggesting initial unsymmetrical disposition of rock layers in relation to principal stresses. Numerous slickensided fibres were produced as a result of this on layer surfaces, these are unrelated to any recognisable fault movements in the rocks examined. Cleavage contemporaneous with F1 folds shows slight transection in a few minor folds. Three geometric variations of transected folds are described. In submacroscopic fold chains, the geometry of single or paired folds suggests their initiation in the north and gradual propagation to the south along the layering, newer folds probably appellring with the advancing stress front. The youngest structures (F2, related to D3) are broad flexural slip warps, lying at high angle to early folds.
The shearing movernent was accompanied by the intrusion of basic dikes and quartz veins. The youngest event in the area was the intrusion of a second set of basic dikes, devoid of any traces of deformation or metamorphism.
Lithology and Conditions of Deposition of the Talchir Formation in North Karanpura Basin
Authors: De Ajay Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In North Karanpura basin, the Talchir Formation ranges in thickness from about a metre to 130m and consists of tillite, sandstone-conglomerate, rhythmite and sandstone/siltstone members. Synthesising surface and sub-surface data, these are interpreted mainly as glacial (drift) sediments. Field relationship suggests that the tillites were deposited mainly as 'ablation tillite' or 'basal tillite' on erosional embryonic basin. Restricted occurrences of 'lodgement tillite' are noted along the margins of the basin. Till fabric data indicates that several lobes of glaciers flowed towards the basin in response to local palaeoslope from the various cappings of ice occurring on the northern Hazaribagh as well as the southern Ranchi Plateaus. Present study reveals advancement of two separate systems of ice-lobes from NW or west and south or sw in the northern and southern parts of the basin respectively. A radiating ice-flow direction from the Lurunga-Indratoli high is noted in the southeastern part of the basin. Oscillations of ice front are documented in the southern part of the basin. Synthesis of data indicates that melting of these ice-lobes gave rise to the deposition of glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine sediments in ice-contact or proglacial environment in various parts of the basin. Based on surface and subsurface data, several disconnected ice-bound lakes are delineated in different parts of the basin. During latter part of the Talchir sedimentation, the basin came under the domain of alluviation.
Deep Crustal Structure at Koyna, Maharashtra, Indicated by Deep Seismic Soundings
Authors: Kaila K. L. , Reddy P. R. , Dixit M. M. , Lazarenko M. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Deep Seismic Soundings (DSS) were carried out by the National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, during December 1975-April 1976, along a profile across Koyna. The studies of the data reveal a number of reflection horizons below the Deccan Traps up to the Moho discontinuity. Below the Deccan Traps, the crustal section along this profile is cut into two blocks by a deep fault west of Koyna. The eastern block is further cut by another deep fault which affects only the deeper horizons including Moho. Recent movements along the first of these deep faults, west of Koyna, appear to be responsible for the major Koyna earthquake of 1967 and subsequent seismicity in this region. The Moho depth in the western block is around 40 km in the vicinity of the deep fault and is of about 30 km at the west coast of India. In the eastern block the Moho boundary lies at an average depth of 36 to 38 km.
The thickness of the Deccan Traps along Koyna profile varies from o.4 km in the east to about 1.5 km near the west coast. The velocity in Deccan Traps is found to vary between 4.7 to 4.9 km/sec, and in the Pre-Trap basement it varies between 5.9 to 6.1 km/sec.
Fracture Pattern Study from Landsat Imagery and Aerial Photos of a Part of the Eastern Ghats in Indian Peninsula
Authors: Prudhvi Raju K. N. , Vaidyanadhan R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The terrain between the Godavari river in the south and the Mahanadi river in the north, comprising about 50,000 sq. km area forms the study region. LANDSAT imagery and aerial photographs were studied with a view to delineate the fracture patterns and analyse their possible significance. The frequency azimuth rose diagrams of fractures indicate two sets of preferred orientations in ENW-WSW and E-W directions. The possibility of some of these fractures/fracture traces being relatively very much younger to the main Eastern Ghat orogeny is a tentative surmise made from this study. These younger fractures may be related to a cymatogenic upwarp during mid-Tertiary.