bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and Challenges of Interface Engineering in Bimetallic Nanostructure for Enhanced Electrocatalysis
Authors: Shao Qi , Wang Pengtang , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of bimetal based catalysts via interfacial engineered strategy has been intensively explored due to its great potential for enhancing the electrochemical performance. The significant progress achieved by the interfacial engineering is mainly derived from its great ability on tuning the intermediate adsorption, controlling the electron and mass transportation, preventing catalysts from serious aggregation, as well as providing advanced promoter for the rational design of highly efficient catalysts. Here, the recent works on the interfacial engineered strategy for developing highly efficient bimetal based electrocatalysts are outlined. The advantages of interfacial engineered strategy on manipulating the activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts are first discussed. The recent synthetic approaches for controlling the interface structures and the related hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and electroreduction of carbon dioxide are elaborated based on three major categories, involving metal/metal, metal/metal compound, and metal/support interfaces. Challenges and perspectives of this field are represented in the final section.
Direct Stereolithographic 3D Printing of Microfluidic Structures on Polymer Substrates for Printed Electronics
Authors: Zips Sabine , Wenzel Ole Jonas , Rinklin Philipp , Grob Leroy , Terkan Korkut , Adly Nouran Yehia , Weiß Lennart , Wolfrum Bernhard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBoth stereolithographic printing of microfluidics and inkjet printing of electronics are promising tools for the fabrication of lab‐on‐a‐chip devices. However, the combination of these two technologies has been a challenge so far, as the 3D‐printed components usually have to be bonded manually to the substrates functionalized with printed electronics. Here, a surface modification method is demonstrated for enabling the direct stereolithographic printing of microfluidic structures onto a variety of different substrates that are usually employed for printed electronics. The approach makes use of an acrylate‐terminated silane that covalently binds substrate and polymer network of the 3D print. The bonding strength is quantified and the compatibility of the concept with printed electrodes in a microfluidic channel is evaluated.
Switchable Holographic Device Based on Reversible Electrodeposition
Authors: Cho Seong M. , Kim Sujung , Kim Yong‐Hae , Hwang Chi‐Young , Kim Tae‐Youb , Cheon Sang Hoon , Kim Joo Yeon , Ah Chil Seong , Song Juhee , Ryu Hojun , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Lee Jeong‐Ik 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new switchable holographic device concept using reversible electrodeposition (RED) technology is proposed. The proposed device has a structure in which the cavity structure is changed by the reversible deposition of Ag, and thus the characteristics of the reflected light are modulated. It has a high reflectance due to a mirror reflection structure and exhibits phase modulation by the reversible deposition of Ag. Because the proposed device is a current‐driven device, it is expected to overcome the limitation in the scaling down of the pitch in spatial light modulators, which is considered a limitation of liquid crystal device. A passive type switchable holographic device with a 1 µm pitch is implemented using the proposed device. The successful implementation of a switchable holographic image using the fabricated device is confirmed. The proposed device is expected to be applicable as an active metasurface and spatial light modulator device in the visible light region in the future because it has a large modulation in the visible light region.
Static Regulation and Dynamic Evolution of Single‐Atom Catalysts in Thermal Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Li Hongliang , Wang Menglin , Luo Laihao , Zeng Jie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts provide an ideal platform to bridge the gap between homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts. Here, the recent progress in this field is reported from the perspectives of static regulation and dynamic evolution. The syntheses and characterizations of single‐atom catalysts are briefly discussed as a prerequisite for catalytic investigation. From the perspective of static regulation, the metal–support interaction is illustrated in how the supports alter the electronic properties of single atoms and how the single atoms activate the inert atoms in supports. The synergy between single atoms is highlighted. Besides these static views, the surface reconstruction, such as displacement and aggregation of single atoms in catalytic conditions, is summarized. Finally, the current technical challenges and mechanistic debates in single‐atom heterogeneous catalysts are discussed.
Cascade Reaction in Human Live Tissue Allows Clinically Applicable Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Morphology
Authors: Tanei Tomonori , Pradipta Ambara R. , Morimoto Koji , Fujii Motoko , Arata Mayumi , Ito Akihiro , Yoshida Minoru , Saigitbatalova Elena , Kurbangalieva Almira , Ikeda Jun‐ichiro , Morii Eiichi , Noguchi Shinzaburo , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClean operating margins in breast cancer surgery are important for preventing recurrence. However, the current methods for determining margins such as intraoperative frozen section analysis or imprint cytology are not satisfactory since they are time‐consuming and cause a burden on the patient and on hospitals with a limited accuracy. A “click‐to‐sense” probe is developed based on the detection of acrolein, which is a substance released by oxidatively stressed cancer cells and can be visualized under fluorescence microscopy. Using live breast tissues resected from breast cancer patients, it is demonstrated that this method can quickly, selectively, and sensitively differentiate cancer lesion from normal breast gland or benign proliferative lesions. Since acrolein is accumulated in all types of cancers, this method could be used to quickly assess the surgical margins in other types of cancer.
A Cost Analysis of Fully Solution‐Processed ITO‐Free Organic Solar Modules
Authors: Guo Jie , Min Jie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) have become a potential candidate for clean and renewable photovoltaic productions. This work examines the current cost drivers and potential avenues to reduce costs for organic solar modules by constructing a comprehensive bottom‐up cost model. The direct manufacturing cost (MC) and the minimum sustainable price (MSP) for an opaque single solar module (SSM) (MC = 187 ¥ m−2, MSP = 297 ¥ m−2) and for a tandem solar module (MC = 224 ¥ m−2, MSP = 438 ¥ m−2) are analyzed in detail. Within this calculation, the most expensive layers and processing steps are identified and highlighted. Importantly, the low levelized cost of energy (LCOE) value for an SSM with a 10% power conversion efficiency in a 20‐year range from 0.185 to 0.486 ¥ kWh−1, with a national average of 0.324 ¥ kWh−1 in China under an average solar irradiance of 1200 kWh m−2 year−1. Moreover, the impact on the cost of alternative materials and constructions, process throughputs, module efficiency, and module lifetime, etc., is presented and avenues to further reduce the MSP and LCOE values are indicated. The analysis shows that OPVs can emerge as a competitive alternative to established power generation technologies if the remaining issues (e.g., active layer material cost, module efficiency, and lifetime) can be resolved.
Reducing Saturation‐Current Density to Realize High‐Efficiency Low‐Bandgap Mixed Tin–Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Chongwen , Song Zhaoning , Zhao Dewei , Xiao Chuanxiao , Subedi Biwas , Shrestha Niraj , Junda Maxwell M. , Wang Changlei , Jiang Chun‐Sheng , Al‐Jassim Mowafak , Ellingson Randy J. , Podraza Nikolas J. , Zhu Kai , Yan Yanfa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe unsatisfactory performance of low‐bandgap mixed tin (Sn)–lead (Pb) halide perovskite subcells has been one of the major obstacles hindering the progress of the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. By analyzing dark‐current density and distribution, it is identified that charge recombination at grain boundaries is a key factor limiting the performance of low‐bandgap mixed Sn–Pb halide perovskite subcells. It is further found that bromine (Br) incorporation can effectively passivate grain boundaries and lower the dark current density by two–three orders of magnitude. By optimizing the Br concentration, low‐bandgap (1.272 eV) mixed Sn–Pb halide perovskite solar cells are fabricated with open‐circuit voltage deficits as low as 0.384 V and fill factors as high as 75%. The best‐performing device demonstrates a PCE of >19%. The results suggest an important direction for improving the performance of low‐bandgap mixed Sn–Pb halide perovskite solar cells.
Iron, erythropoietin, and inflammation regulate hepcidin in Bmp2‐deficient mice, but serum iron fails to induce hepcidin in Bmp6‐deficient mice
Authors: Wang Chia‐Yu , Canali Susanna , Bayer Abraham , Dev Som , Agarwal Aneesh , Babitt Jodie L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐SMAD signaling pathway is a key transcriptional regulator of hepcidin in response to tissue iron stores, serum iron, erythropoietic drive and inflammation to increase the iron supply when needed for erythropoiesis, but to prevent the toxicity of iron excess. Recently, BMP2 was reported to play a non‐redundant role in hepcidin regulation in addition to BMP6. Here, we used a newly validated BMP2 ELISA assay and mice with a global or endothelial conditional knockout (CKO) of Bmp2 or Bmp6 to examine how BMP2 is regulated and functionally contributes to hepcidin regulation by its major stimuli. Erythropoietin (EPO) did not influence BMP2 expression in control mice, and still suppressed hepcidin in Bmp2 CKO mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduced BMP2 expression in control mice, but still induced hepcidin in Bmp2 CKO mice. Chronic dietary iron loading that increased liver iron induced BMP2 expression, whereas acute oral iron gavage that increased serum iron without influencing liver iron did not impact BMP2. However, hepcidin was still induced by both iron loading methods in Bmp2 CKO mice, although the degree of hepcidin induction was blunted relative to control mice. Conversely, acute oral iron gavage failed to induce hepcidin in Bmp6
−/− or CKO mice. Thus, BMP2 has at least a partially redundant role in hepcidin regulation by serum iron, tissue iron, inflammation and erythropoietic drive. In contrast, BMP6 is absolutely required for hepcidin regulation by serum iron.
Induction of smell through transethmoid electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb
Authors: Holbrook Eric H. , Puram Sidharth V. , See Reiner B. , Tripp Aaron G. , Nair Dinesh G. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundAnosmia has an estimated prevalence of 5% of the general population. Outside of inflammatory causes, therapeutic options are limited despite research advances. Bypassing peripheral neuronal damage through central stimulation is a potential therapeutic option that has shown success in other sensory systems, most notably with hearing. We performed a pilot study to determine the feasibility of inducing smell through artificial electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulbs in humans.MethodsSubjects with a history of sinus surgery, including total ethmoidectomy, with intact ability to smell were enrolled. The ability to smell was confirmed with a 40‐item smell identification test. Awake subjects underwent nasal endoscopy and either a monopolar or bipolar electrode was positioned at 3 areas along the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate within the ethmoid sinus cavity. A graded stimulation current of 1–20 mA at 3.17 Hz was administered while cortical evoked potential (CEP) recordings were collected. Subjective responses of perceived smell along with reports of discomfort were recorded. Subjects with artificially induced smell underwent repeat stimulation after medically induced anosmia.ResultsFive subjects (age, 43–72 years) were enrolled. Three subjects reported smell perception smell with electrical stimulation. This was reproducible after inducing anosmia, but CEP recordings could not provide objective support. All subjects tolerated the study with minimal discomfort.ConclusionThis is the first report of induced smell through transethmoid electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb. These results provide a proof of concept for efforts in development of an olfactory implant system.
Direct Evidence for Ferrous Ion Oxidation and Incorporation in the Absence of Oxidants by Dps from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus
Authors: Penas Daniela , Pereira Alice S. , Tavares Pedro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDps proteins (DNA‐binding protein from starved cells) are hollow‐sphere‐shaped, dodecameric enzymes found in bacteria and archaeal species. They can oxidize ferrous iron in a controlled manner using hydrogen peroxide or molecular oxygen as co‐substrate, and most of them confer physical protection through DNA binding. Oxidized iron is stored, as a mineral core, in a central cavity. Direct evidence is now provided that, furthermore, Dps proteins containing small mineral cores can oxidize and mineralize toxic ferrous ions in anaerobic conditions and in the absence of any additional aqueous oxidant co‐substrate. Dps proteins containing cores of 24 irons per dodecamer can oxidize about 5 ferrous irons per dodecamer, with that number approximately doubling for protein particles containing in average 96 irons per protein. This additional activity carries importance as it can be a detoxification mechanism present during anaerobic or oxygen‐limited growth conditions.
Supramolekulare Kapseln: starke und schwache Chalkogenbrücken im Vergleich
Authors: Riwar Leslie‐Joana , Trapp Nils , Root Katharina , Zenobi Renato , Diederich François 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResorcin[4]aren‐Cavitanden, entweder mit einem 2,1,3‐Benzotelluradiazol‐ oder einem 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazol‐Motiv versehen, wurden zu chalkogenverbrückten, supramolekularen Kapseln dimerisiert. Ihr jeweiliges Verhalten variierte in Abhängigkeit von der Assoziationsstärke, wobei Te starke und S schwache Wechselwirkungen einging. Die enorme Stärke einer Vielzahl von 2Te‐2N‐Quadratwechselwirkungen führte in allen Lösungsmitteln zur Bildung einer chalkogenverbrückten, dimeren Kapsel. Dies wurde durch Röntgenkristallstrukturen mit 16 kleinen Te⋅⋅⋅N‐Abständen (≤2.9 Å) gezeigt und mittels nativer Elektrospray‐Ionisations‐Massenspektrometrie belegt. Beim S‐Cavitanden führte die lösungsmittelabhängige Kristallisation zu unterschiedlichen Anordnungen: entweder zu einer versetzten Kapsel mit 2S‐2N‐Quadratwechselwirkungen oder zu einem ineinandergreifenden 1D‐Polymer mit einem unendlichen π‐π‐Stapelnetzwerk. Die Assoziationskonstante zur Bildung der versetzten S‐Kapsel in [D8]THF bei 283 K, die allein auf schwachen 2S‐2N‐Quadratwechselwirkungen basiert, wurde als Ka=786 m−1 bestimmt.
Supramolecular Capsules: Strong versus Weak Chalcogen Bonding
Authors: Riwar Leslie‐Joana , Trapp Nils , Root Katharina , Zenobi Renato , Diederich François 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResorcin[4]arene cavitands containing either 2,1,3‐benzotelluradiazole or 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole motifs were dimerized to supramolecular capsules by chalcogen bonding. Their respective behavior varied depending on the interaction strength of the chalcogen bonds with Te forming strong interactions and S weak interactions. The tremendous strength of multiple 2Te–2N square interactions led to formation of a chalcogen‐bonded dimeric capsule in all solvents, as shown by X‐ray crystal structures with 16 short Te⋅⋅⋅N distances (≤2.9 Å) and confirmed by native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). With the S cavitand, solvent‐dependent crystallization resulted in different arrangements: either a shifted 2S–2N square‐bonded capsule or an interlocked 1D polymer with an infinite π–π stacking array. The association constant to form the dimeric capsule in [D8]THF at 283 K, solely based on weak 2S–2N square interactions, was determined as Ka=786 m−1.
Decreasing Surgical Site Infections by Developing a High Reliability Culture
Authors: Pettis Ann Marie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractToday's fast‐paced and complex perioperative setting requires a collaborative and mindful approach to implementing evidence‐based practices and preventing patient harm. Recent changes in the health care landscape coupled with the potential harm caused by surgical site infections require a shift in culture in which all members of the perioperative team have zero tolerance for preventable harm. This article discusses high‐reliability organizations and examples of ways in which perioperative teams can apply the principles of high reliability to the prevention of surgical site infections. Characteristics of high‐reliability organizations include mindfulness, collaboration, standardization, and use of a structured model to implement evidence into practice. By understanding and applying these concepts and others described in this article, members of a multidisciplinary team should be more prepared to ensure that all staff members are following evidence‐based practices during every patient encounter.
Results of the 2018 AORN Salary and Compensation Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald R. , Stewart Kim A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAORN conducted its 16th annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in June 2018. A multiple regression model was used to examine how several variables, including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region, affect perioperative nurse compensation. Comparisons between the 2018 data and data from previous years are presented. The effects of other forms of compensation (eg, on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, shift differentials, benefits) on total compensation also are examined. Additional analyses explore the current state of the nursing shortage and the sources of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
The Importance of Leak Testing Flexible Endoscopes
Authors: Rojo Cheron 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLeak testing is a vital processing step that detects fluid invasion in an endoscope. Endoscopes that are inadequately leak tested can pose a risk for transmission of infection or injury to patients. If not detected, fluid invasion of an endoscope can damage the endoscope and increase repair costs. This article presents evidence to support leak testing, provides recommendations for correct leak testing, explains reasons for leak‐testing failures, and discusses a case scenario with a failed leak test and the approach that facility personnel took to improve the quality and consistency of leak testing their endoscopes.
Gas sensor for ammonia detection based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyaniline electrospun
Authors: Bittencourt Jéssyka Carolina , de Santana Gois Bruno Henrique , Rodrigues de Oliveira Vinicius Jessé , da Silva Agostini Deuber Lincon , de Almeida Olivati Clarissa 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, the results of the process and fabrication of ammonia gas sensors are obtained through the production of poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyaniline (PVA/PANI) nanofibers in different concentrations deposited on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) The results showed good interaction between PVA and PANI, as well as the solvents involved, with good adhesion of the nanofibers in substrate, shown for morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The good performance of the gas sensor was carried out by direct current measurements. It has been proven that the high surface density, dimensions, and quality of nanofibers are essential parameters for a good response of the ammonia gas sensor. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47288.
Electrosynthesis and characterizations of a multielectrochromic copolymer based on aniline and o‐nitroaniline in visible‐infrared region
Authors: Zhang Bo , Xu Chen , Xu Guoyue , Liu Chuyang , Zhang Jianchao , Guo Tengchao , Bu Honghan 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAn IR electrochromic film constructed by copolymer of aniline and o‐nitroaniline has been successfully prepared by cyclic voltammetry. The effects of polymerization of aniline and o‐nitroaniline on electrochromic properties and optical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectrometer, and UV–vis spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the film can exhibit three colors (apple green, dark green, and dark blue) at different voltages of −0.1, 0, and 0.8 V. Simultaneously, a fast response time (1.89 and 4.47 s), a high coloration efficiency, a significant optical modulation (60% between −0.1 and 0.8 V) and a large average emissivity range (Δεmax = 0.203) are achieved for the new film. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47290.
Antidiabetic potential: In vitro inhibition effects of bromophenol and diarylmethanones derivatives on metabolic enzymes
Authors: Demir Yeliz , Taslimi Parham , Ozaslan Muhammet Serhat , Oztaskin Necla , Çetinkaya Yasin , Gulçin İlhami , Beydemir Şükrü , Goksu Suleyman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAldose reductase converts glucose to sorbitol in the polyol pathway. It is an important enzyme to prevent diabetic complications. In this study, we studied the inhibitory effects of bromophenol derivatives on aldose reductase (AR), α‐glucosidase, and α‐amylase enzymes. In the bromophenols series, compound 1f showed the maximum inhibition effect against AR with a Ki value of 0.05 ± 0.01 μM, while compound 1d showed the lowest inhibition effect against AR with a Ki value of 1.13 ± 0.99 μM. In addition, α‐amylase from porcine pancreas and α‐glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as enzymes. In this study, all compounds were tested for the inhibition of the α‐glucosidase enzyme and demonstrated efficient inhibition profiles with Ki values in the range of 43.62 ± 5.28 to 144.37 ± 16.37 nM against α‐glucosidase. Additionally, these compounds were tested against the α‐amylase enzyme, which determined an effective inhibition profile with IC50 values in the range of 9.63–91.47 nM. These compounds can be selective inhibitors of AR, α‐glucosidase, and α‐amylase enzymes as antidiabetic agents.
Alkylated Aromatic Thioethers with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Properties—Assembly and Photophysics
Authors: Riebe Steffen , Saccone Marco , Stelzer Jacqueline , Sowa Andrea , Wölper Christoph , Soloviova Kateryna , Strassert Cristian A. , Giese Michael , Voskuhl Jens 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this contribution, we present the synthesis and self‐assembly of alkylated thioethers with interesting photophysical properties. To this end, the emission, absorption and excitation spectra in organic solvents and as aggregates in water were measured as well as the corresponding photoluminescence quantum yields and lifetimes. The aggregates in aqueous media were visualized and measured using transmission electron microscopy. Besides that, crystal structures of selected compounds allowed a detailed discussion of the structure–property relationship. Furthermore, the mesomorphic behavior was investigated using polarized optical microscopy (POM) as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).