bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
100 Years of Progress in Ocean Observing Systems
Authors: Davis Russ E. , Talley Lynne D. , Roemmich Dean , Owens W. Brechner , Rudnick Daniel L. , Toole John , Weller Robert , McPhaden Michael J. , Barth John A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe history of over 100 years of observing the ocean is reviewed. The evolution of particular classes of ocean measurements (e.g., shipboard hydrography, moorings, and drifting floats) are summarized along with some of the discoveries and dynamical understanding they made possible. By the 1970s, isolated and “expedition” observational approaches were evolving into experimental campaigns that covered large ocean areas and addressed multiscale phenomena using diverse instrumental suites and associated modeling and analysis teams. The Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE) addressed mesoscale “eddies” and their interaction with larger-scale currents using new ocean modeling and experiment design techniques and a suite of developing observational methods. Following MODE, new instrument networks were established to study processes that dominated ocean behavior in different regions. The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program gathered multiyear time series in the tropical Pacific to understand, and eventually predict, evolution of coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomena like El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) sought to quantify ocean transport throughout the global ocean using temperature, salinity, and other tracer measurements along with fewer direct velocity measurements with floats and moorings. Western and eastern boundary currents attracted comprehensive measurements, and various coastal regions, each with its unique scientific and societally important phenomena, became home to regional observing systems. Today, the trend toward networked observing arrays of many instrument types continues to be a productive way to understand and predict large-scale ocean phenomena.
Robotic cholecystectomy for duplicated gallbladder
Authors: Fung Andrew KY , Fai Lee Kit , CN Chong Charing , Lai Paul BS 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Duplication of gallbladder is a rare congenital condition. We describe a patient who underwent robotic cholecystectomy for duplicated gallbladder with symptomatic gallstones. Conclusion Surgeons performing cholecystectomies must be aware of duplicated gallbladders and robotic cholecystectomy is a feasible option for such patients.
Comparison of high and low molar activity TSPO tracer [18F]F-DPA in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Keller Thomas , López-Picón Francisco R , Krzyczmonik Anna , Forsback Sarita , Takkinen Jatta S , Rajander Johan , Teperi Simo , Dollé Frédéric , Rinne Juha O , Haaparanta-Solin Merja , Solin Olof 
Published: May 2019

[18F]F-DPA, a novel translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO)-specific radioligand for imaging neuroinflammation, has to date been synthesized with low to moderate molar activities (Am’s). In certain cases, low Am can skew the estimation of specific binding. The high proportion of the non-radioactive component can reduce the apparent-specific binding by competitively binding to receptors. We developed a nucleophilic synthesis of [18F]F-DPA resulting in high Am (990 ± 150 GBq/µmol) and performed in vivo comparison with low Am (9.0 ± 2.9 GBq/µmol) [18F]F-DPA in the same APP/PS1-21 and wild-type mice (injected masses: 0.34 ± 0.13 µg/kg and 38 ± 15 µg/kg, respectively). The high level of microgliosis in the APP/PS1-21 mouse model enables good differentiation between diseased and healthy animals and serves better to distinguish the effect of differing Am on specific binding. The differing injected masses affect the washout profile and shape of the time–activity curves. Ratios of standardized uptake values obtained with high and low Am [18F]F-DPA demonstrate that there is a 1.5-fold higher uptake of radioactivity in the brains of APP/PS1-21 animals when imaging is carried out with high Am [18F]F-DPA. The differences between APP/PS1-21 and wild-type animals showed higher significance when high Am was used.
Using A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) to predict risk of metabolic syndrome in Peruvian adults
Authors: Stefanescu Andrei , Revilla Luis , Lopez Tania , Sanchez Sixto E. , Williams Michelle A. , Gelaye Bizu 
Published: May 2019

Objective We examined the ability of anthropometric measures to predict the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Peruvian adults. Methods Participants were 1,815 Peruvian adults. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI) and Visceral Adiposity Index were examined. MetS components were defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios of MetS and MetS components in relation to increases in anthropometric measures. Receiver operating characteristic curves (and area under the curve) were calculated to compare each measure’s power to predict MetS and MetS components. Results BRI performed similar to or better than BMI and WC at predicting MetS and MetS components. ABSI underperformed other measures. In men, the odds of MetS and its components increased with unit increases in the anthropometric measures (e.g. a unit increase in BRI was associated with 2.43-fold increased odds of MetS; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–3.02). A similar association was found for women (odds ratio: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.68–2.12). Conclusion Our study is the first to identify BRI as a potentially useful clinical predictor of MetS in Peruvian adults.
Combination therapy with beraprost sodium and aspirin for acute ischemic stroke: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Cai De , Chen Xiao-Pu , Wei Dun-Can , Zhang Qian , Chen Si-Qia , He Wen-Zhen 
Published: May 2019

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the combination of beraprost sodium (BPS) and aspirin in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods There were 384 patients with AIS enrolled in this single-center, retrospective study. The BPS group comprised patients who received combination therapy with BPS and aspirin, and the control group comprised those who received only aspirin. Primary measurements were glomerular filtration rate (GFR), cystatin-c (Cys-C), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified activities of daily living index (MBI), modified Rankin scale (mRS), and blood coagulation indexes. Recurrence and adverse events were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in patient characteristics at baseline between the two groups. GFR and Cys-C levels increased in the BPS group compared with the control group. After treatment, the NIHSS and mRS score were significantly lower in the BPS group compared with the control group, whereas the MBI scores were significantly higher in the BPS group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in blood coagulation between the two groups. There were no serious adverse events in either group. Conclusions Combination therapy with BPS and aspirin may be a safe and effective treatment for AIS.
Evaluation of aesthetic anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors in patients with extraction treatment using facial reference lines
Authors: He Danqing , Gu Yan , Sun Yannan 
Published: May 2019

Objective To examine whether facial reference lines could be used to evaluate the anteroposterior position of the maxillary incisors in patients that had undergone extraction treatment. Methods The study enrolled Angle Class I patients who had favourable facial profiles after extraction treatment. Superimposition of post-treatment lateral photographs and cephalograms were constructed and anatomical landmarks on the forehead were identified. Reference lines of the forehead’s anterior limit line (FALL) and the vertical line through the soft-tissue glabella (G line) were constructed. The distance between the maxillary incisors and the FALL and G line were measured. Regression analyses were performed between the maxillary incisor position and forehead inclination. Results Forty-one patients (31 females and 10 males) were included in the study. The mean ± SD distances of the facial-axis point of the maxillary incisors (FA)–FALL and FA–G line were 1.8 ± 1.9 mm and –2.4 ± 1.8 mm, respectively. The distance of the maxillary incisors to FALL and the relative position of the maxillary incisors were both significantly correlated with forehead inclination. Conclusions The mean position of the maxillary incisors in patients with extraction was approximately in the middle of the G line and the FALL. Correct maxillary incisor position was correlated with forehead inclination.
Prediction of the need for manipulation under anesthesia for flexion contracture after total knee arthroplasty in patients of advanced age
Authors: Li Zheng , Lan Fei , Shen Yanyan , An Shuai , Xu Na , Yin Cheng , Yu Wei , Ye Weiguang , Cao Guanglei , Wang Tianlong 
Published: May 2019

Objective This study was performed to develop a prediction model for requiring manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) for flexion contracture after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients of advanced age. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 269 patients of advanced age undergoing primary TKA in one center with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Patients who underwent postoperative MUA had flexion contracture of >10° after 4 weeks of postoperative rehabilitation, and their demographic data and preoperative clinical conditions [knee diagnosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, lumbar spinal disorders, hip disorders, ankle disorders, knee deformity (varus/valgus), preoperative flexion contracture (PFC), range of motion (ROM), and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score] were compared with those of patients without MUA. All preoperative factors were collected to develop the predictive model. Results Thirty patients underwent MUA. Patients who underwent MUA after surgery had significant differences in PFC, higher HSS knee scores before surgery (59.10 ± 7.22 vs. 55.70 ± 13.09), and lower preoperative ROM (81.57 ± 30.86 vs. 95.47 ± 24.36) than those who did not undergo MUA. Conclusion A prediction model for MUA in advanced-age patients with flexion contracture was developed and mainly consisted of preoperative risk factors including PFC, HSS scores, and ROM.
A 10-year retrospective review of stonefish sting injury in Hong Kong
Authors: Poon KM , Ng Chun Ho Vember , Tse ML 
Published: May 2019

Background:Stonefish sting injury is one of the common marine stings in Hong Kong. It is commonly sustained during maritime activities, and it could be regarded as occupational hazard for chefs or domestic hazard for family. Its envenomation could lead to significant local symptoms (pain or swelling) and serious complications, including infection and compartment syndrome.Objectives:This study is to review its clinical presentation and various treatment modalities.Methodology and study design:Reported cases of stonefish stings to Hong Kong Poison Information Centre from October 2008 to October 2018 were included in the study. The cases were retrieved from the Hong Kong Poison Information Centre electronic database. Information on patient demographic data, clinical parameters (e.g. the site of injury, presenting symptoms), and various treatment modalities (e.g. analgesics, hot water immersion, and use of antivenom) was collected.Results:There were 32 eligible patients included in this case series. All of them sustained the injury over either their fingers or hands. All patients reported pain over the site of injury. Other reported symptoms included numbness (41%), swelling (81%), and redness (47%). Twenty-five patients (78%) had radiograph done, and one of them was noted to have foreign body retained at the site of envenomation. All patients received hot water immersion to the affected part at 40°C–45°C for at least 30 min. Altogether eight patients (25%) received stonefish antivenom for pain relief. One patient developed compartment syndrome and received emergency operation of fasciotomy of right hand and forearm.Conclusion:Stonefish envenomation can cause extreme pain, swelling, and erythema, which can be managed with hot water immersion, analgesics, and prophylactic antibiotics. Use of antivenom can be considered in selected case.
Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis management: A retrospective analysis of MuGard, Caphosol, and standard supportive care measures
Authors: Murdock Joshua L , Reeves David J 
Published: May 2019

Background Oral mucositis, a common complication of several different anticancer therapies, causes significant morbidity in cancer patients. It is characterized by the destruction of the mucosa throughout the gastrointestinal tract including the oral cavity. Limited data exist regarding the treatment of established oral mucositis with oral mucoadhesive hydrogel (MuGard) or supersaturated calcium phosphate oral rise (Caphosol) compared to standard topical therapies. Objectives To evaluate the effects of MuGard and Caphosol compared to standard topical therapy in the treatment of established oral mucositis. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed including adults receiving MuGard, Caphosol, and/or standard topical therapy for the treatment of established oral mucositis while admitted to a community teaching hospital. A post hoc propensity score was used to match patients receiving newer agents (Mugard/Caphosol) to those receiving standard topical therapy (ST). Results One hundred and forty-seven patients were included for analysis (125 ST, 15 MuGard, 7 Caphosol). From this population, 14 patients in each group were matched. The primary endpoint of median change in average daily pain score at days 3 and 7, compared to baseline, demonstrated no difference between matched groups at day 3 (ST 0, MuGard/Caphosol 0.18, p = 0.830) or day 7 (ST 0, MuGard/Caphosol 0.8, p = 0.494). No differences were noted between groups in opioid usage, oral mucositis symptom duration or progression, or incidence of documented infection. Conclusion MuGard and Caphosol did not demonstrate any benefits compared to standard topical therapy at reducing pain scores or increasing mucosal recovery in the treatment of oral mucositis.
Accuracy of predicting the vancomycin concentration in Japanese cancer patients by the Sawchuk–Zaske method or Bayesian method
Authors: Nakashima Toshihisa , Ohno Takayuki , Koido Keiichi , Hashimoto Hironobu , Terakado Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2019

Background In cancer patients treated with vancomycin, therapeutic drug monitoring is currently performed by the Bayesian method that involves estimating individual pharmacokinetics from population pharmacokinetic parameters and trough concentrations rather than the Sawchuk–Zaske method using peak and trough concentrations. Although the presence of malignancy influences the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin, it is unclear whether cancer patients were included in the Japanese patient populations employed to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters for this drug. The difference of predictive accuracy between the Sawchuk–Zaske and Bayesian methods in Japanese cancer patients is not completely understood. Objective To retrospectively compare the accuracy of predicting vancomycin concentrations between the Sawchuk–Zaske method and the Bayesian method in Japanese cancer patients. Methods Using data from 48 patients with various malignancies, the predictive accuracy (bias) and precision of the two methods were assessed by calculating the mean prediction error, the mean absolute prediction error, and the root mean squared prediction error. Results Prediction of the trough and peak vancomycin concentrations by the Sawchuk–Zaske method and the peak concentration by the Bayesian method showed a bias toward low values according to the mean prediction error. However, there were no significant differences between the two methods with regard to the changes of the mean prediction error, mean absolute prediction error, and root mean squared prediction error. Conclusion The Sawchuk–Zaske method and Bayesian method showed similar accuracy for predicting vancomycin concentrations in Japanese cancer patients.
The cytoprotective impact of yes-associated protein 1 after ischemia-reperfusion injury in AC16 human cardiomyocytes
Authors: Khan Kashif , Makhoul Georges , Yu Bin , Schwertani Adel , Cecere Renzo 
Published: May 2019

The Hippo-signaling pathway is a mechanism implicated in cardiomyocyte cytoprotection and regeneration after a myocardial infarction. Yes-associated protein 1, the main effector protein of this pathway, acts as a co-transcriptional activator to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival. However, the biological mechanisms by which yes-associated protein 1 protects the heart post-MI are currently unknown. Here, we propose that yes-associated protein 1 plays a critical role in cardiomyocyte cytoprotection after simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury. AC16 human cardiomyocytes were infected with lentiviral plasmids containing normal human yes-associated protein 1 and a constitutively active form of YAP, YAP1S127A. Cells were exposed to ischemia-reperfusion injury using a hypoxic chamber. Hippo-signaling characterization after ischemia-reperfusion injury was performed via Western blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cellular hypertrophy were assessed as a measure of cytoprotection. The GSK3β inhibitor CHIR99021 was used to investigate cross-talk between Hippo and Wnt-signaling and their role in cytoprotection after ischemia-reperfusion-injury. Ischemia-reperfusion injury resulted in significant decreased expression of the non-phosphorylated Hippo signaling kinases MST1 and LATS1, along with decreased expression of YAP/TAZ. Overexpression of yes-associated protein 1 improved cellular viability, while reducing hypertrophy and apoptosis via the ATM/ATR DNA damage response pathway. Activation of β-catenin in YAP-infected cardiomyocytes synergistically reduced cellular hypertrophy after ischemia-reperfusion-injury. Our findings indicate that yes-associated protein 1 is cytoprotective in AC16 human cardiomyocytes after ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be mediated by co-activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, activation of yes-associated protein 1 may be a novel therapeutic to repair the infarcted myocardium.Impact statementGenetically engineering the cells of the heart after myocardial infarction to display a more regenerative phenotype is a promising therapy for heart failure patients. Here, we support a regenerative role for yes-associated protein 1, the main effector protein of the Hippo signaling pathway, in AC16 human cardiomyocytes as a potential therapeutic gene target for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.
Met-Hemoglobin Is a Biomarker for Poor Oxygen Delivery in Infants Following Surgical Palliation
Authors: Swartz Michael F. , Makhija Pooja , Rubenstein Jeffrey , Henrichs Kelly F. , Powers Karen S. , Wang Hong Yue , Simon Bartholomew V. , Alfieris George M. , Blumberg Neil , Cholette Jill M. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease demonstrate wide fluctuations in hemoglobin (Hb), oxygen saturation, and cardiac output following palliation. Methemoglobin (Met-Hb), the product of Hb oxidation, may represent a compensatory mechanism during hypoxia and may be utilized as a biomarker. Methods: Arterial and venous Met-Hb levels were obtained from infants requiring palliation. The primary outcome was to describe the relationship between Met-Hb and other indices of tissue oxygenation (venous saturation, estimated arteriovenous oxygen difference [Est AV-Diff], and lactate). Secondary outcomes were to determine the impact of elevated Met-Hb levels ≥1.0% and the effect of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on Met-Hb levels. Results: Fifty infants and 465 Met-Hb values were studied. Venous Met-Hb levels were significantly higher than arterial levels (venous: 0.84% ± 0.36% vs arterial: 0.45% ± 0.18%; P < .001). Venous Met-Hb demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with venous oxygen saturation ( R = −0.6; P < .001) and Hb ( R = −0.3, P < .001) and a direct relationship with the Est AV-Diff ( R = 0.3, P < .001). A total of 129 (29.6%) venous Met-Hb values were elevated (≥1.0%) and were associated with significantly lower Hb and venous saturation levels and higher Est AV-Diff and lactate levels. Methemoglobin levels decreased significantly following 65 RBC transfusions (0.94 ± 0.40 vs 0.77 ± 0.34; P < .001). Linear mixed models demonstrated that higher venous Met-Hb levels were associated with lower measures of tissue oxygenation and not related to any preoperative clinical differences. Conclusion: Methemoglobin may be a clinically useful marker of tissue oxygenation in infants following surgical palliation.
Comparison of the use of a laximeter and a triaxial accelerometer for Anterolateral ligament injury diagnosis in ACL deficient knee
Authors: Neri Thomas , Lamotte Antoine , Bonanzinga Tommaso , Farizon Frederic , Philippot Remi 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the use of a laximeter and a triaxial accelerometer, for Anterolateral ligament injury diagnosis of in ACL deficient knee. We hypothesized that a triaxial accelerometer was more effective than a laximeter. Methods: A total of 11 cadaver knees were studied according to a new conservative dissection protocol without damage to the lateral structures. A GnRB® laximeter (Genourob, France) was used to determine anterior tibial translation (AP) of the tibia. Simultaneously, a KiRA® triaxial accelerometer (Kinetic Rapid Assessment) (OrthoKey, Italy) was used to determine two parameters: the AP translation and the Pivot Shift (PS). For each knee, 5 conditions were successively applied: intact knee (intact), knee with ALL (ALLsec) isolated section, knee with ALL and ACL section (ALL + ACLsec). Results: For the laximeter, the ACL and ALL sections led to a significant AP translation increase: + 2.1 mm for the ACL section, and + 0.9 mm for the ALL section. This difference was significant regardless of the level of force applied (p <0.05). For the triaxial accelerometer, the ACL and the ALL sections led to a significant AP translation increase: + 2.8 mm for ACL, and + 1.5 mm for ALL section. In contrast, for the PS, the increase was more consistent. There was a multiplier factor between the ACLsec condition and the ACL + ALLsec condition comparable to that between the intact condition and the ACLsec condition (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Whatever the device, the AP translation difference induced by the ALL injury, of the order of mm, remains too small to make the diagnosis of an ALL injury. The evaluation of the AP translation is therefore not a relevant to diagnostic an ALL injury. With greater increase, the evaluation of the rotatory laxity, through the PS test, is more relevant. In current practice, there is no clinical interest to use a laximeter or accelerometer on AP translation assessment to diagnosis an ALL injury in a deficient ACL knee. On the other hand, the use of a triaxial accelerometer to quantify the lateral tibial plateau acceleration in the pivot shift test appears to be relevant for detecting an ALL injury on a deficient ACL knee. These findings help provide clinical guidelines for more effective objective measures to diagnose ALL injury, and determine the most effective management for each patient.