bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in mitochondrial DNA levels during early embryogenesis in Torenia fournieri and Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gao Long , Guo Xue , Liu Xue‐Qiong , Zhang Li , Huang Jilei , Tan Li , Lin Zhen , Nagawa Shingo , Wang Dan‐Yang 
Published: June 2018

SummaryChanges in the amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have never been investigated in plant zygotes or early plant embryos due to the difficulty in isolating these cells, although such changes have been investigated in mammalian embryos. Using the single‐cell quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and laser confocal microscopy, we surveyed the changes in mtDNA levels during early embryogenesis in Torenia fournieri and Arabidopsis thaliana. In contrast with the amount of mtDNA in early mammalian embryos, which does not change, we found that mtDNA doubling occurred during zygotic development in T. fournieri and during two‐cell proembryo development in A. thaliana. These findings reveal that mtDNA doubling occurs during early embryogenesis in T. fournieri and A. thaliana, indicating that the dynamics of mtDNA in early plant embryos differs from that in early mammalian embryos.
Hidden messenger from quantum geometry: Towards information conservation in quantum gravity
Authors: Guo Xiao-Kan , Cai Qing-Yu 
Published: June 2018

The back reactions of Hawking radiation allow nontrivial correlations between consecutive Hawking quanta, which gives a possible way of resolving the paradox of black hole information loss known as the hidden messenger method. In a recent work of Ma et al. [ arXiv:1711.10704 ], this method is enhanced by a general derivation using small deviations of the states of Hawking quanta off canonical typicality. In this paper, we use this typicality argument to study the effects of generic back reactions on the quantum geometries described by spin network states, and discuss the viability of entropy conservation in loop quantum gravity. We find that such back reactions lead to small area deformations of quantum geometries including those of quantum black holes. This shows that the hidden-messenger method is still viable in loop quantum gravity, which is a first step towards resolving the paradox of black hole information loss in quantum gravity.
Targeted Therapy for Premenopausal Women with HR+, HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer: Focus on Special Considerations and Latest Advances
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Hurvitz Sara 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe incidence of advanced breast cancer in premenopausal women is increasing, and breast cancer in younger women is often more aggressive and has a worse prognosis compared with breast cancer in older women. Premenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer are frequently under-represented in clinical trials, and treatment strategies in the premenopausal setting are usually extrapolated from data from postmenopausal patients, with the addition of ovarian function suppression to endocrine therapy in HR+ disease. However, the underlying biology of breast cancer in premenopausal women can be different from postmenopausal women, and treatment strategies should ideally be specifically tested in premenopausal patients. Recent phase III trials have now investigated cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors in premenopausal patients with HR+, HER2− advanced breast cancer: Palbociclib and abemaciclib have been tested in a subset of premenopausal patients in the PALOMA-3 and MONARCH-2 studies, and ribociclib has been tested in the phase III MONALEESA-7 trial, which was entirely dedicated to premenopausal women. This comprehensive review summarizes the differences in the biology of HR+, HER2− breast cancer in the premenopausal population compared with the postmenopausal population; discusses special considerations for treatment of premenopausal women; and reviews the evidence from clinical trials investigating endocrine therapy, other targeted treatments, and ovarian function suppression in the HR+, HER2− advanced breast cancer setting. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5206–18. ©2018 AACR.
An Empirical Approach Leveraging Tumorgrafts to Dissect the Tumor Microenvironment in Renal Cell Carcinoma Identifies Missing Link to Prognostic Inflammatory Factors
Authors: Wang Tao , Lu Rong , Kapur Payal , Jaiswal Bijay S. , Hannan Raquibul , Zhang Ze , Pedrosa Ivan , Luke Jason J. , Zhang He , Goldstein Leonard D. , Yousuf Qurratulain , Gu Yi-Feng , McKenzie Tiffani , Joyce Allison , Kim Min S. , Wang Xinlei , Luo Danni , Onabolu Oreoluwa , Stevens Christina , Xie Zhiqun , Chen Mingyi , Filatenkov Alexander , Torrealba Jose , Luo Xin , Guo Wenbin , He Jingxuan , Stawiski Eric , Modrusan Zora , Durinck Steffen , Seshagiri Somasekar , Brugarolas James 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
By leveraging tumorgraft (patient-derived xenograft) RNA-sequencing data, we developed an empirical approach, DisHet, to dissect the tumor microenvironment (eTME). We found that 65% of previously defined immune signature genes are not abundantly expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and identified 610 novel immune/stromal transcripts. Using eTME, genomics, pathology, and medical record data involving &gt;1,000 patients, we established an inflamed pan-RCC subtype (IS) enriched for regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, TH1 cells, neutrophils, macrophages, B cells, and CD8+ T cells. IS is enriched for aggressive RCCs, including BAP1-deficient clear-cell and type 2 papillary tumors. The IS subtype correlated with systemic manifestations of inflammation such as thrombocytosis and anemia, which are enigmatic predictors of poor prognosis. Furthermore, IS was a strong predictor of poor survival. Our analyses suggest that tumor cells drive the stromal immune response. These data provide a missing link between tumor cells, the TME, and systemic factors.
Significance: We undertook a novel empirical approach to dissect the renal cell carcinoma TME by leveraging tumorgrafts. The dissection and downstream analyses uncovered missing links between tumor cells, the TME, systemic manifestations of inflammation, and poor prognosis. Cancer Discov; 8(9); 1142–55. ©2018 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047
Accommodation for Paul’s Entourage
Authors: Stanton Greg 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The practicalities of accommodation for Paul’s entourage as it travelled around the Mediterranean have been little studied. The entourage could comprise at least nine co-workers, to whom should be added several slaves, since even under house arrest in Rome Paul had a personal assistant, who was definitely a slave, and an amanuensis. Such an entourage required hosts with large houses and there are hints in Acts that small business entrepreneurs and other hosts did have substantial dwellings. In Rome it seems that Paul paid for accommodation in relatively spacious quarters, allowing for a team of seven people (plus slaves) and sometimes a crowd of visitors; however, the term µίσθωµα probably does not refer to Paul’s rented lodgings but to payment of their cost. Greek traditions on hospitality provide a context into which the generosity of Paul’s hosts fits well.
Phototactic behaviour and the role of light in host transmission of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Xia Zhitao , Bai Liqun , Sheng Bicheng , Zhang Xingyao , Schütz Stefan , Yu Hongshi , Hu Jiafu 
Published: June 2018

Summary
The pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). To understand the light influence on PWN, we investigated its phototactic behaviour. Our data indicated the mixed population of propagative PWN had a positive response to red, orange, yellow, green, blue and white lights, but a weak negative response to violet. For age-synchronised propagative nematodes, however, phototactic behavioural features changed with development. Interestingly, the dispersal fourth-stage juveniles (JIV) showed negative response to all tested lights, which was almost completely the reverse of the propagative fourth-stage juveniles (J4). Further bioassays proved that green, blue and white lights suppressed the host transmission of dispersal JIV from vector beetle to healthy pine branches. Our results revealed that night could be the peak of host transmission. With the results of previous studies, we speculate volatiles from the host tree and light may play pull-and-push roles to accelerate the host transmission of B. xylophilus.
“I am Finished”
Authors: Green Chris 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Psalm 88 is unrelentingly dark; it is the only one of the lament psalms that does not turn at some point to praise. How are we to read it? First, primarily, we should read it christologically—as witness to the experience of Christ. Read in this way, the Psalms give us insight into the passion narrative. Second, we should ask how the text matters for us as Pentecostals. It calls us away from triumphalism, requiring us to take seriously the experience of god-forsakenness, and forcing us to reimagine our core beliefs and practices.
How Well Can a Climate Model Simulate an Extreme Precipitation Event: A Case Study Using the Transpose-AMIP Experiment
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Haoming , Rong Xinyao , Su Jingzhi , Xin Yufei , Furtado Kalli , Milton Sean , Li Nina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA high-impact extreme precipitation event over the Yangtze River valley (YRV) in the midsummer of 2016 is simulated using the Climate System Model of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS-CSM). After validation of the model’s capability in reproducing the climatological features of precipitation over the YRV, the Transpose Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (T-AMIP)–type experiment, which runs the climate model in the weather forecast mode, is applied to investigate the performance of the climate model in simulating the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall and the related synoptic circulation. Analyses of T-AMIP results indicate that the model realistically reproduces the heavy rainfall centers of accumulated precipitation amount along the YRV, indicating that the climate model has the ability to simulate the severity of the extreme event. However, the frequency–intensity structure shows similar biases as in the AMIP experiment, especially the underestimation of the maximum hourly intensity. The simulation of two typical heavy rainfall periods during the extreme event is further evaluated. The results illustrate that the model shows different performances during periods dominated by circulation systems of different spatial scales. The zonal propagation of heavy rainfall centers during the first two days, which is related to the eastward movement of the southwest vortex, is well reproduced. However, for another period with a smaller vortex, the model produces an artificial steady heavy rainfall center over the upwind slope of the mountains rather than the observed eastward movement of the precipitation centers.
Blood Products Transfusion and Mid-Term Outcomes of Lung Transplanted Patients Under Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
Authors: Pettenuzzo Tommaso , Faggi Giulio , Di Gregorio Guido , Schiavon Marco , Marulli Giuseppe , Gregori Dario , Rea Federico , Ori Carlo , Feltracco Paolo 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is considered a reliable technique in lung transplantation requiring cardiorespiratory support. However, the impact of this technology on blood product transfusion rate and outcomes compared to off-pump lung transplantation has been rarely investigated. Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2015, 52 elective adult lung transplants were performed at our institution. Of these, 15 recipients required intraoperative venoarterial extracorporeal support and 37 did not. We compared blood product consumption and other outcome variables between the 2 groups. Results: We found comparable in-hospital (86.7% vs 97.3%, P = .14) and 6-month (86.7% vs 91.9%, P = .56) survival between patients with and without extracorporeal support, respectively. Survival at 30 days was lower in the ECMO group (86.7% vs 100%, P = .02). Although patients who underwent ECMO received more intraoperative transfusions, postoperative transfusion rate was similar between the 2 groups. The ECMO group experienced longer mechanical ventilation (median 3 vs 2 days, P = .02) and intensive care unit stay (median 7 vs 5 days, P = .02), besides more cardiogenic shock and deep vein thrombosis. However, we observed no difference in other major and minor in-hospital complications and 6-month complications. Conclusions: In our experience, despite the higher need for intraoperative transfusions, lung transplantation performed with ECMO support is comparable to the off-pump procedure as to short-term survival and outcomes.
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and risk of oesophago‐gastric cancer: A prospective cohort study within UK Biobank
Authors: Kunzmann Andrew T , Mallon Kristian P , Hunter Ruth F , Cardwell Chris R , McMenamin Úna C , Spence Andrew D , Coleman Helen G 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundFew observational studies have assessed the role of physical activity in oesophago‐gastric cancer risk.ObjectiveThis prospective cohort study aimed to assess the association between physical activity and risk of oesophageal or gastric cancer.MethodsA cohort of 359,033 adults aged 40–69 years were identified from the UK Biobank, which recruited participants between 2006 and 2010. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between self‐reported levels of physical activity and screen‐based sedentary behaviour and risk of oesophageal and gastric cancer were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDuring eight years of follow‐up (mean = 5.5), 294 oesophageal cancer and 217 gastric cancer cases were identified. Physical activity and screen‐based sedentary behaviour levels were not associated with overall oesophago‐gastric cancer risk. However, when compared with low levels, high physical activity levels were associated with a significantly reduced risk of gastric non‐cardia cancer (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.95). Moderate physical activity levels were associated with a 38% reduced risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.89), although no dose‐response association was apparent.ConclusionModerate, rather than high, physical activity levels were associated with the strongest reductions in oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk in this large UK prospective cohort.
Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury With a Machine Learning Algorithm Using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Mohamadlou Hamid , Lynn-Palevsky Anna , Barton Christopher , Chettipally Uli , Shieh Lisa , Calvert Jacob , Saber Nicholas R. , Das Ritankar 
Published: June 2018

Background: A major problem in treating acute kidney injury (AKI) is that clinical criteria for recognition are markers of established kidney damage or impaired function; treatment before such damage manifests is desirable. Clinicians could intervene during what may be a crucial stage for preventing permanent kidney injury if patients with incipient AKI and those at high risk of developing AKI could be identified. Objective: In this study, we evaluate a machine learning algorithm for early detection and prediction of AKI. Design: We used a machine learning technique, boosted ensembles of decision trees, to train an AKI prediction tool on retrospective data taken from more than 300 000 inpatient encounters. Setting: Data were collected from inpatient wards at Stanford Medical Center and intensive care unit patients at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Patients: Patients older than the age of 18 whose hospital stays lasted between 5 and 1000 hours and who had at least one documented measurement of heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, serum creatinine (SCr), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Measurements: We tested the algorithm’s ability to detect AKI at onset and to predict AKI 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours before onset. Methods: We tested AKI detection and prediction using the National Health Service (NHS) England AKI Algorithm as a gold standard. We additionally tested the algorithm’s ability to detect AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. We compared the algorithm’s 3-fold cross-validation performance to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score for AKI identification in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). Results: The algorithm demonstrated high AUROC for detecting and predicting NHS-defined AKI at all tested time points. The algorithm achieves AUROC of 0.872 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.867-0.878) for AKI detection at time of onset. For prediction 12 hours before onset, the algorithm achieves an AUROC of 0.800 (95% CI, 0.792-0.809). For 24-hour predictions, the algorithm achieves AUROC of 0.795 (95% CI, 0.785-0.804). For 48-hour and 72-hour predictions, the algorithm achieves AUROC values of 0.761 (95% CI, 0.753-0.768) and 0.728 (95% CI, 0.719-0.737), respectively. Limitations: Because of the retrospective nature of this study, we cannot draw any conclusions about the impact the algorithm’s predictions will have on patient outcomes in a clinical setting. Conclusions: The results of these experiments suggest that a machine learning–based AKI prediction tool may offer important prognostic capabilities for determining which patients are likely to suffer AKI, potentially allowing clinicians to intervene before kidney damage manifests.
Training, executive, attention and motor skills (TEAMS) training versus standard treatment for preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Vibholm Helle Annette , Pedersen Jesper , Faltinsen Erlend , Marcussen Michael H. , Gluud Christian , Storebø Ole Jakob 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objective
This study compared the effectiveness of manualised training, executive, attention, and motor skills (TEAMS) training versus standard treatment in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a randomised parallel group, single-blinded, superiority trial. The primary outcome was ADHD symptoms and the secondary outcome was functionality. Parents and primary school teachers assessed outcomes at pretreatment, posttreatment, and at one, three, and 6 months follow-up.

Results
In total, 67 children (aged 3–6 years) were randomised. In the TEAMS group, 32 out of 33 (97%) participants completed the total 8-week program, compared with only 7 out of 26 (27%) in the control group. The repeated-model analyses showed no significant change between the two interventions for ADHD symptoms and functionality levels over time. The mean difference in ADHD symptoms between TEAMS versus standard treatment at posttreatment was 2.18 points (95% confidence interval − 8.62 to 13.0; trial sequential analysis-adjusted confidence interval − 19.3 to 23.7).
Trial registration Clinical Trials identifier: NCT01918436 (Retrospectively registered). Registered on 7 August 2013.
Controlling translucency by UV printing on a translucent object
Authors: Takatani Tsuyoshi , Fujita Koki , Tanaka Kenichiro , Funatomi Takuya , Mukaigawa Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
UV printer, a digital fabrication tool, can print 2D patterns on 3D objects consisting of various materials by using UV inks which immediately dry through being exposed to ultraviolet light. In general use, the translucency of the materials is removed by printing a matte white layer. On the other hand, we propose a method to control the translucency of a printed object by rather utilizing both of the translucency of the materials and inks without printing the white layer. A key is to fuse two different manners: example based and physics based. We apply Kubelka’s layer model with few measurements to render the translucency and then build a lookup table between a combination of factors in print and the fabricated translucency. The lookup table is used for finding the best combination to represent an input query about translucency. The rendering method is quantitatively evaluated, and in experiments, we show the proposed system can control the translucency through replicating appearance.
Frequent HIV and Young Age Among Individuals With Diverse Cancers at a National Teaching Hospital in Malawi
Authors: Horner Marie-Josèphe , Salima Ande , Chilima Chrissie , Mukatipa Matthews , Kumwenda Wiza , Kampani Coxcilly , Chimzimu Fred , Mukunda Bal , Tomoka Tamiwe , Mulenga Maurice , Nyasosela Richard , Chasimpha Steady , Dzamalala Charles , Gopal Satish 
Published: June 2018

Purpose Cancer surveillance provides a critical evidence base to guide cancer control efforts, yet population-based coverage in Africa is sparse. Hospital-based registries may help fill this need by providing local epidemiologic data to guide policy and forecast local health care needs. We report the epidemiology of patients with cancer recorded by a de novo hospital-based cancer registry at Kamuzu Central Hospital, Malawi, the sole provider of comprehensive oncology services for half the country and location of a high-volume pathology laboratory. Methods We conducted active case finding across all hospital departments and the pathology laboratory from June 2014 to March 2016. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment, and HIV status were collected. We describe epidemiology of the cancer caseload, registry design, and costs associated with registry operations. Results Among 1,446 registered patients, Kaposi sarcoma and cervical cancer were the most common cancers among men and women, respectively. Burkitt lymphoma was most common cancer among children. The current rate of pathology confirmation is 65%, a vast improvement in the diagnostic capacity for cancer through the hospital’s pathology laboratory. Among leading cancer types, an alarming proportion occurred at young ages; 50% of Kaposi sarcoma and 25% of esophageal, breast, and cervical cancers were diagnosed among those younger than 40 years of age. A systematic, cross-sectional assessment of HIV status reveals a prevalence of 58% among adults and 18% among children. Conclusion We report a high caseload among typically young patients and a significant burden of HIV infection among patients with cancer. In low- and middle-income countries with intermittent, sparse, or nonexistent cancer surveillance, hospital-based cancer registries can provide important local epidemiologic data while efforts to expand population-based registration continue.