bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar flares observed by Rosetta at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Edberg N. J. T. , Johansson F. L. , Eriksson A. I. , Andrews D. J. , Hajra R. , Henri P. , Wedlund C. S. , Alho M. , Thiemann E. 
Published: February 2019

Context.The Rosetta spacecraft made continuous measurements of the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) for more than two years. The plasma in the coma appeared very dynamic, and many factors control its variability.Aims.We wish to identify the effects of solar flares on the comet plasma and also their effect on the measurements by the Langmuir Probe Instrument (LAP).Methods.To identify the effects of flares, we proceeded from an existing flare catalog of Earth-directed solar flares, from which a new list was created that only included Rosetta-directed flares. We also used measurements of flares at Mars when at similar longitudes as Rosetta. The flare irradiance spectral model (FISM v.1) and its Mars equivalent (FISM-M) produce an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance (10–120 nm) of the flares at 1 min resolution. LAP data and density measurements obtained with the Mutual Impedence Probe (MIP) from the time of arrival of the flares at Rosetta were examined to determine the flare effects.Results.From the vantage point of Earth, 1504 flares directed toward Rosetta occurred during the mission. In only 24 of these, that is, 1.6%, was the increase in EUV irradiance large enough to cause an observable effect in LAP data. Twenty-four Mars-directed flares were also observed in Rosetta data. The effect of the flares was to increase the photoelectron current by typically 1–5 nA. We find little evidence that the solar flares increase the plasma density, at least not above the background variability.Conclusions.Solar flares have a small effect on the photoelectron current of the LAP instrument, and they are not significant in comparison to other factors that control the plasma density in the coma. The photoelectron current can only be used for flare detection during periods of calm plasma conditions.
Beeinflussung der Sterblichkeit bei älteren Menschen durch
Selen und Q10
Authors: Schmiedel Volker , Alehagen Urban 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie orthomolekulare Medizin wird von der konventionellen Medizin immer noch
belächelt, teilweise sogar als unwirksam oder schädlich bekämpft. Besonders das
Fehlen von überzeugenden Studien wird kritisiert. Vor einigen Jahren wurden aber
die Ergebnisse einer randomisierten, doppelblinden Interventionsstudie
publiziert, die eine Halbierung der Sterblichkeit in der Verumgruppe aufzeigte.
Wegen der großen Bedeutung für die orthomolekulare Medizin im Allgemeinen und
die Lebenserwartung und die Lebensqualität bei älteren Menschen im Besonderen
sollen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie hier im Einzelnen vorgestellt werden.
Mit kaltem Wasser gegen Alterungsprozesse – „Anti-Aging“
mit Hydrotherapie nach Kneipp
Authors: Gündling Peter W. 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungHydrotherapeutische Verfahren erscheinen vielen umständlich, aufwendig und
altmodisch. Doch sie sind alles andere als das. Gerade in der heutigen, chemie-
und chirurgiegläubigen Zeit, stellen sie ein wertvolles Instrument im
naturheilkundlichen Repertoire dar. Als typische Regulationsverfahren wirken sie
ausgleichend auf die Aktivität des vegetativen Nervensystems und tragen so zur
Verbesserung des Stoffwechsels und der Durchblutung bei. Zudem aktivieren sie
das Immunsystem und die zellulären Reparaturmechanismen und regen die Regulation
des Hormonhaushaltes an. Gleichzeitig unterstützen sie – mit relativ geringem
Aufwand – die Eigenverantwortung und Selbsthilfefähigkeit der Betroffenen.
Contemporary Opportunity for Prehabilitation as Part of an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Pathway in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Ven Fong Zhi , Chang David , Lillemoe Keith , Nipp Ryan , Tanabe Kenneth , Qadan Motaz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe implementation of upfront, preoperative habilitation (“prehabilitation”), as opposed to postoperative habilitation (rehabilitation), provides a unique opportunity to optimize surgical outcomes, while ensuring that patients receive necessary conditioning that may otherwise be significantly delayed by postoperative complications. In this review, opportunities to design, implement, monitor, and evaluate a surgical prehabilitation program in colorectal surgery are discussed, and broken down to include emotional, physical, and nutritional aspects of care in the preoperative setting.
Does Implementation of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Protocols in Colorectal Surgery Improve Patient Outcomes?
Authors: Berian Julia , Ko Clifford , Ban Kristen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols are multimodal perioperative care pathways designed to accelerate recovery by minimizing the physiologic stress of a surgical procedure. Benefits of ERAS implementation in colorectal surgery include reduced length of stay and decreased complications without an increase in readmissions. Though there is evidence associating individual ERAS protocol elements (e.g., preoperative carbohydrate loading, judicious perioperative fluid administration, and early initiation of postoperative nutrition) with improved outcomes, ensuring high compliance with all elements of an ERAS protocol will maximize benefits to the patient. After ERAS implementation, data collection on protocol process measures can help providers target education and interventions to improve protocol compliance and patient outcomes.
Pain Management in Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Protocols
Authors: Simpson J. , Bao Xiaodong , Agarwala Aalok 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPain control is an integral part of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols for colorectal surgery. While opioid therapy remains the mainstay of therapy for postsurgical pain, opioids have undesired side effects including delayed recovery of bowel function, respiratory depression, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. A variety of nonopioid systemic medical therapies as well as regional and neuraxial techniques have been described as improving pain control while reducing opioid use. Multimodal and preemptive analgesia as part of an ERAS protocol facilitates early mobility and early return of bowel function and decreases postoperative morbidity. In this review, we examine several multimodal therapies and their impact on postoperative analgesia, opioid use, and recovery for patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Applying Enhanced Recovery Pathways to Unique Patient Populations
Authors: Lee Grace , Hodin Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways have become popular in colorectal surgery due to their associated decrease in length of stay (LOS), complications, and readmission rate. However, it is unclear if these pathways are safe, feasible, or effective in unique patient populations such as elderly patients, urgent/emergent surgeries, patients with specific comorbidities, inflammatory bowel disease, or pediatric patients. Enhanced recovery pathways appear safe in elderly patients, associated with decreased complications, though with slightly lower rates of adherence and increased LOS and readmission rates. Modified ERAS pathways have been applied to urgent and emergent surgeries, resulting in decreased morbidity and LOS. There have been no studies that performed subgroup analyses of ERAS pathways in patients with specific comorbidities. Studies investigating patients with inflammatory bowel disease on enhanced recovery pathways are extremely limited, but suggest that they are safe and feasible. Data on ERAS pathways in pediatric patients are still emerging. Therefore, though data are sparse, enhanced recovery pathways appear to be safe in unique patient populations, with similar efficacy in decreasing LOS and complications. There is an urgent need for more studies investigating these specific patient groups to aid perioperative decision making by colorectal surgeons.
Pethidine in Low Doses versus Dipyrone for Pain Relief in Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nunes Rogevando Rodrigues , Primo André Montenegro 
Published: February 2019

Objective To compare low doses of pethidine with dipyrone in labor analgesia.Methods In a randomized prospective study conducted by Universidade de Fortaleza, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, between May and December 2016, 200 full-term parturients, with very painful uterine contractions and exhibiting uterine cervix dilatation ≥ 5 cm, were selected to receive a single intravenous dose of either 0.25 mg/kg of pethidine (n = 100) or of 25 mg/kg of dipyrone (n = 100). Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale. The data were analyzed using the Student t-test, the chi-square test and the likelihood ratio.Results There was a significant improvement in pain in 35% of the parturients. Both drugs presented a similar analgesic effect 1 hour after the intervention (p = 0.692). There was no analgesic effect during the evaluation of the second hour after the intervention with pethidine or dipyrone. There were no adverse effects, such as maternal drowsiness, nausea or vomiting, related to the drugs used.Conclusion Pethidine in low doses and dipyrone presented equivalent analgesia during labor.Public Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-4hsyy4.
Effectiveness of Insulin Analogs Compared with Human Insulins in Pregnant Women with Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Santos Leyna Leite , Santos Jamilly Leite , Barbosa Luciano Timbó , Silva Ivan do Nascimento da , de Sousa-Rodrigues Célio Fernando , Barbosa Fabiano Timbó 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiabetes during pregnancy has been linked to unfavorable maternal-fetal outcomes. Human insulins are the first drug of choice because of the proven safety in their use. However, there are still questions about the use of insulin analogs during pregnancy. The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of insulin analogs compared with human insulin in the treatment of pregnant women with diabetes through a systematic review with meta-analysis. The search comprised the period since the inception of each database until July 2017, and the following databases were used: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, LILACS, Scopus, SIGLE and Google Scholar. We have selected 29 original articles: 11 were randomized clinical trials and 18 were observational studies. We have explored data from 6,382 participants. All of the articles were classified as having an intermediate to high risk of bias. The variable that showed favorable results for the use of insulin analogs was gestational age, with a mean difference of - 0.26 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.49; p = 0.02), but with significant heterogeneity (Higgins test [I2] = 38%; chi-squared test [χ2] = 16.24; degree of freedom [DF] = 10; p = 0.09). This result, in the clinical practice, does not compromise the fetal well-being, since all babies were born at term. There was publication bias in the gestational age and neonatal weight variables. To date, the evidence analyzed has a moderate-to-high risk of bias and does not allow the conclusion that insulin analogs are more effective when compared with human insulin to treat diabetic pregnant women.
Hearing Preservation Surgery via Retrosigmoid Approach with Retrolabyrinthine Meatotomy in Small Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Cazzador Diego , Borsetto Daniele , Alexandre Enrico , Pavone Chiara , d'Avella Domenico , Mazzoni Antonio , Zanoletti Elisabetta 
Published: February 2019

Objectives Vestibular schwannomas (VS) extending into the internal auditory canal (IAC) are currently considered as an unfavorable condition for hearing preservation surgery (HPS) via retrosigmoid (RS) approach due to the poor direct visualization of the facial and cochlear nerves course through the IAC and the fundus during microsurgery.
Design The operative steps are described in a surgical instructional video.
Setting The surgery took place at a tertiary-care center.
Participants Patient is a 45-year-old man who was incidentally diagnosed with an extrameatal VS extending for 9 mm into the left cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Hearing function at diagnoses was excellent, with pure tone average (PTA) = 15 dB and speech discrimination score (SDS) = 100% (class A according to the Tokyo classification) and minimal impairments on auditory brainstem response (ABR). Given these preoperative features in small VS, hearing was the main function to look into in the treatment planning. Initial observation or HPS were proposed.
Results The patient underwent surgical excision for HPS via RS approach combined with retrolabyrinthine meatotomy (RLM). RLM enables the complete exposure of the IAC to the fundus, after drilling the bony surface of the posterior IAC wall, under guidance of the anatomical landmarks, namely, the endolymphatic duct, the blue lines of the posterior, and superior semicircular canals, and common crus. Nor intra-, neither postoperative complications occurred. Histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of VS. A 3-month short-term follow-up revealed a class B hearing function with PTA = 30 dB, SDS = 100%, and normal facial nerve status.
Conclusions RLM via RS approach proved to be effective for HPS, enabling the full course of the facial and cochlear nerves through the IAC to be directly exposed.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/KC1S4pxpLCk.
Transverse Cervical Artery Flap Repair of Benign Acquired Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Authors: Artz Jourdain , Yoo Daniel , Gilbert-Fernández Juan , Walvekar Rohan , Risher William , Dupin Charles 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAcquired tracheoesophageal fistulas are rare but associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The majority of cases are due to prolonged or complicated endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy, or esophageal malignancy, or subsequent to radiation or chemotherapy for treatment of the latter. Other etiologies include esophageal stenting and complications secondary to endoscopic procedures. The pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation of the esophagus or posterior wall of the trachea, ultimately promoting fistulization between these two structures. Risk factors primarily depend on the etiology; however, excessive balloon pressures and prolonged intubation are among the strongest predictors of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula. In two reported cases, intubation with persistent air leaks resulted in fistulization. Patients present with refractory pneumonia, aspiration, hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress, enteral feed in endotracheal aspirate, or gastric distention following extubation. It can be difficult to distinguish normal functional deterioration from deterioration secondary to intubation. Up to 51% of patients intubated for at least 48 hours may experience dysphagia following extubation. Ultimately, the diagnostic algorithm includes an esophagogram, followed by imaging with computed tomography (CT) scan, and, more recently, CT scan with three-dimensional reconstructions, a bronchoscopy, and an esophagoscopy. Spontaneous closure rarely occurs, and the primary treatment modalities include interventional therapy with stenting via bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy, or surgical correction. Surgical intervention is associated with higher risks due to surrounding vital anatomy and, often, technical challenges requiring multispecialty care. Our case study presents a novel and effective method of repairing a benign acquired tracheoesophageal fistula utilizing the transverse cervical artery flap.
Evaluation of Secure Messaging Applications for a Health Care System: A Case Study
Authors: Liu Xinran , Sutton Paul , McKenna Rory , Sinanan Mika , Fellner B. , Leu Michael , Ewell Cris 
Published: February 2019

Objective The use of text messaging in clinical care has become ubiquitous. Due to security and privacy concerns, many hospital systems are evaluating secure text messaging applications. This paper highlights our evaluation process, and offers an overview of secure messaging functionalities, as well as a framework for how to evaluate such applications.
Methods Application functionalities were gathered through literature review, Web sites, speaking with representatives, demonstrations, and use cases. Based on similar levels of functionalities, vendors were grouped into three tiers. Essential and secondary functionalities for our health system were defined to help narrow our vendor choices.
Results We stratified 19 secure messaging vendors into three tiers: basic secure communication, secure communication within an existing clinical application, and dedicated communication and collaboration systems. Our essential requirements revolved around functionalities to enhance security and communication, while advanced functionalities were mostly considered secondary. We then narrowed our list of 19 vendors to four, then created clinical use cases to rank the final vendors.
Discussion When evaluating a secure messaging application, numerous factors must be considered in parallel. These include: what clinical processes to improve, archiving text messages, mobile device management, bring your own device policy, and Wi-Fi architecture.
Conclusion Secure messaging applications provide a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant communication platform, and also include functionality to improve clinical collaboration and workflow. We hope that our evaluation framework can be used by other health systems to find a secure messaging application that meets their needs.
Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lane Andrew S. , Mlynarczyk Malgorzata A. , de Veciana Margarita , Green Lauren M. , Baraki Dana I. , Abuhamad Alfred Z. 
Published: February 2019

Objective To evaluate whether real-time continuous glucose monitoring improves glycemic control over intermittent self-monitoring of blood glucose in gestational diabetes.
Study Design We performed a single-institution randomized controlled trial. Patients with gestational diabetes were randomized to use either real-time or blinded continuous glucose monitoring. The primary outcome was mean sensor glucose level during the fourth week of continuous glucose monitoring use. Secondary outcomes included glycemic control and a composite of obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
Results Of the 40 enrolled patients, 12 (60%) patients in the blinded continuous glucose monitoring group and 11 (55%) in the real-time continuous glucose monitoring group completed 4 weeks of monitoring and were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in mean sensor glucose level between the blinded continuous glucose monitoring group (98.9 ± 8.9 mg/dL) and the real-time continuous glucose monitoring group (107.5 ± 11.4 mg/dL). There were also no significant differences in the time spent in glycemic target, maternal, or neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion Our study shows that the use of continuous glucose monitoring with real-time feedback did not significantly decrease mean glucose values compared with intermittent self-monitoring of blood glucose after 4 weeks of continuous glucose monitoring use.
EMI teacher and student identities and linguistic practices
Authors: Ploettner Joan Catherine 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Although the incorporation of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in multilingual higher education institutions is widely
accepted, it may be a source of tension for university professors for whom English is an additional language, particularly when both teacher
and students share an L1 other than English. A need exists to examine how linguistic attributes of EMI are interpreted and executed by
participants. This study focuses on dialogue between a content specialist and a language specialist during an EMI teacher development
partnership at a multilingual Catalan university. Membership Category Analysis (MCA) explores the categories made relevant in interaction,
category associated features and responsibilities, and their procedural relevance within the interaction. The article focuses on results
relating to the emerging identities of EMI classroom participants and related linguistic attributes. The results shed light on tensions
relating to language use in EMI, and may inform EMI teacher development processes and classroom language policy.
Spectrums of thought in gesture
Authors: Stevens Michael Paul , Harrison Simon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study examines the form and function of gestural depictions that develop over extended stretches of concept explanation by a philosopher. Building onStreeck’s (2009)explorations of depiction by gesture, we examine how this speaker’s process of exposition involves sequences of multimodal, analogical depiction by which the philosophical concepts are not only expressed through gesture forms, but also dynamically analyzed and construed through gestural activity. Drawing on perspectives of gesture as active meaning making (Müller 2014,2016,Streeck 2009), we argue that the build-up of gestures in depiction sequences, activated through a multimodal metaphor (Müller & Cienki 2009), engages the wider philosophical standpoint of the speaker. Using video analysis supported by interview data, we demonstrate how examination of gestures within and across discourse can lead to understanding of how dynamic, embodied, and subjective processes of conceptualization contribute to philosophical theorizing.
Cognitive processing of scalar implicatures with Chinese gradable adjectives
Authors: Liu Si , Yang Yi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In previous research comparing the Context-driven Model with the Default Model
of meaning processing, the former was preferred. It predicts that contexts play an exclusively decisive role in meaning
processing, whereas the latter holds that the inference of literal meaning generally goes through, unless it is subsequently
defaulted or cancelled by the context it is associated with. The Standardization Model, which we added to our
experiments, highlights that implicatures are figured out from standardized forms typically based on the mutual background belief
and speaker’s intention. We tested whether Chinese people’s processing of the gradable adjective scale <hot, burning>
conformed more to the Context-driven Model, the Default Model, or the Standardization
Model. The results demonstrated that the Standardization Model is the most acceptable among the
three. The findings of this study, which is the first study using the experimental paradigm on Chinese gradable adjectives,
highlighted a need for further studies to investigate the same questions with different languages and cultures.
It’s got some meaning but I am not sure…
Authors: Gintsburg Sarali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this research I aim to contribute to a better understanding of transitionality in poetic language by applying for the first time the hypotheses recently developed by pioneers in the emerging field of cognitive poetics to a living tradition. The benefits of working with a living tradition are tremendous: it is easy to establish the literacy level of the authors and the mode of recording of poetic text is also easy to elicit or, when necessary, to control. I chose a living poetic tradition originating from the Jbala (Morocco). Although it is not epic and local poets create only relatively short poetic texts, memorisation is also used; it has been demonstrated that oral improvisation and the use of memory are not mutually exclusive. This suggests that research on the living Jebli tradition holds promise for our understanding of oral poetry, and for revisiting the intriguing question of formulaic language.