bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjektive Gedächtnisbeeinträchtigungen in der Früherkennung von Demenzen: Beziehung zur Akzeptanz der Lumbalpunktion bei Patienten einer Gedächtnissprechstunde
Authors: Cabanel Nicole , Speier Christa , Franz Michael , Müller Matthias J. , Kundermann Bernd 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In Gedächtnissprechstunden kommt der biomarkergestützten Diagnostik eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle in Früherkennung und Differentialdiagnose von Demenzen zu, wenngleich deren Akzeptanz bei Patienten vergleichsweise niedrig ist.
Ziel der Arbeit Es wurde untersucht, ob soziodemographische und klinische Variablen von Patienten einer Gedächtnissprechstunde mit der Adhärenz zur Lumbalpunktion (LP) assoziiert sind. Von besonderem Interesse war die vom Patienten selbst wahrgenommene Verschlechterung des Gedächtnisses (subjektive Gedächtnisbeeinträchtigung, SGB) mit hierauf gerichteter Besorgnis, die einen Einfluss auf die Entscheidung für eine LP ausüben könnte.
Methode Konsekutive Patienten wurden einer tagesklinischen Abklärung an zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen zugeführt, um ein an der S3-Leitlinie „Demenzen“ angelehntes diagnostisches Vorgehen inkl. Angebot einer LP umzusetzen. Es wurde Depressivität, Angst, neurokognitive Leistung und der Demenzschweregrad (Clinical Dementia Rating, CDR) erhoben. Ebenso wurden die Patienten zu selbst wahrgenommenen Gedächtnisverschlechterungen interviewt und auf dieser Grundlage – unabhängig ihrer neuropsychologischen Befunde – drei Gruppen zugeordnet: keine SGB, SGB ohne Besorgnis oder SGB mit Besorgnis.

Ergebnisse Von 44 Patienten (73,8 ± 8,3 Jahre; 27 w/17 m; CDR < 1: n = 16, CDR = 1: n = 28) zeigten 29 SGB mit Besorgnis. Sie waren tendenziell jünger und hatten einen höheren Bildungsstatus als Patienten ohne SGB (n = 7) und Patienten mit SGB ohne Besorgnis (n = 8). Patienten ohne SGB hatten häufiger ein Demenzsyndrom. Zur LP einwilligende Patienten (n = 23) waren – gegenüber 17 ablehnenden Patienten (4 Patienten wurden aufgrund medizinischer Kontraindikation für unmittelbare LP ausgeschlossen) – tendenziell häufiger männlichen Geschlechts, zeigten signifikant häufiger SGB mit Besorgnis und geringere Leistungen in deklarativen Gedächtnisaufgaben. In einer binär-logistischen Regressionsanalyse verblieben männliches Geschlecht und SGB mit Besorgnis wie auch verminderte Gedächtnisleistungen als bedeutsame Prädiktoren für die Einwilligung zu einer LP.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studie deutet darauf hin, dass Patientencharakteristika einer subjektiven – mit Besorgnis einhergehenden – und objektiven Gedächtnisbeeinträchtigung sowie auch das Geschlecht die Einwilligung zu einer invasiven und im Allgemeinen weniger akzeptierten biomarkergestützten Diagnostik wie der LP mitbedingen.
Effect of Different Circuit Training on Cardiovascular Responses in Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Nasser Igor , Willardson Jeffrey , de Mello Perez Renata , Reis Michel , de Azevedo Brito Anderson , Dias Ingrid , Miranda Humberto 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze and compare heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) responses during and after circuit resistance training with 1 min. (CIR1) vs. 2 min. (CIR2) rest intervals between exercises in liver cirrhosis patients. 10 patients (7 women, 3 men) participated in 2 experimental sessions (CIR1 and CIR2) in random order. Each experimental session consisted of 6 exercises performed for 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 70% of the 10-RM load. The only difference between experimental sessions was taking either 1 min. (CIR1) or 2 min. (CIR2) of rest between exercises. Prior and during each session, BP, HR and HRV (beat-to-beat intervals) were assessed. Training efficiency were significant higher for CIR1 when compared to CIR2, since same total training volume was performed in less time. Both protocols elicited significant changes in HR, SBP, and SampEn. Based on the ∆HR and ∆IRR between protocols, higher cardiovascular stress was observed for CIR1 vs. CIR2. However, the patients presented a similar recovery pattern between experimental sessions, and did not present significant alterations in the HRV at 60 min post-workout. In summary, the fast adjustment of autonomic modulation in HRV and BP suggests that circuit resistance training with 1-min or 2-min rest intervals between exercises elicits typical cardiovascular responses in liver cirrhosis patients.
Peak Oxygen Uptake in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Franklin John , Atkinson Greg , Atkinson Janet , Batterham Alan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo evaluate the magnitude of the difference in VO2peak between patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and apparently healthy controls, 7 databases (Cochrane, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Scopus, Medline) were searched for articles published up to March 2018. Search terms included “chronic fatigue syndrom*”AND (“peak” OR “maxim*” OR “max”) AND (“oxygen uptake” OR “oxygen consumption” OR “VO2peak” or “VO2max”. Eligibility criteria were adults>18 y with clinically diagnosed CFS/ME, with VO2peak measured in a maximal test and compared against an apparently healthy control group. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using a modified Systematic Appraisal of Quality for Observational Research critical appraisal framework. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted on 32 cross-sectional studies (effects). Pooled mean VO2peak was 5.2 (95% CI: 3.8–6.6) ml.kg−1min−1 lower in CFS/ME patients vs. healthy controls. Between-study variability (Tau) was 3.4 (1.5–4.5) ml.kg−1min−1 indicating substantial heterogeneity. The 95% prediction interval was −1.9 to 12.2 ml.kg−1min−1. The probability that the effect in a future study would be>the minimum clinically important difference of 1.1 ml.kg−1min−1 (in favour of controls) was 0.88 – likely to be clinically relevant. Synthesis of the available evidence indicates that CFS/ME patients have a substantially reduced VO2peak compared to controls.
Endoscopic Feeding Access
Authors: McCormack Michael , Tariq Nabil 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe need for enteral access for nutritional support has become increasingly important. It is estimated up to a third of hospitalized patients will suffer from malnourishment. There is evidence that enteral is preferable over parenteral nutrition for improved outcomes. Various approaches for enteral access exist today including blind placement of enteral catheters, radiographically, and surgically placed catheters. However, the endoscopic approach for enteral access is a well-established, reliable, safe, and quick method of obtaining enteral access. In this review article, we will cover the various endoscopic approaches for enteral access. We believe there is no single best approach for enteral access and that it should be tailored to the individual patient. This article will cover both temporary options such as nasoenteric catheters and more permanent options such as percutaneous endoscopic stomas (gastrostomy, gastrojejunostomy, direct jejunostomy) and describe their techniques, indications, contraindications, and pitfalls. Additionally, with the rise of weight loss surgery, we will cover how to manage the patient with altered gastrointestinal anatomy. Lastly, we will also review difficult post procedure scenarios associated with all of these endoscopic methods for enteral access and how to either prevent or properly manage them.
Flow-Through Flaps in the Absence of an Arterial Gap for Extremity Defect Reconstruction: Minimizing the Donor-Site Morbidity
Authors: Fernandez-Garrido Manuel , Lopez Penha Tiara , Qiu Shan 
Published: December 2018

Background The use of flow-through flaps was popularized in the early 1990s by Costa, Soutar and Lamberty in cases where an arterial gap was present or a major artery of the limb was damaged. We hypothesized that flow-through flaps can be used in all extremity reconstruction cases, where there is an indication for a free-flap, irrespective of the existence of arterial defect due to its many advantages while not increasing the flap loss significantly.
Methods A retrospective study was performed by examining patient status and surgery reports of all patients who underwent extremity reconstruction with a flow-through flap from January 2011 to January 2016. This procedure was applied to all the patients, irrespective of the presence of an arterial gap.
Results Forty-seven patients were included. The most frequently used flaps were the anterolateral thigh flap and the latissimus dorsi flap. Reconstructions were either posttraumatic or after oncological resection. Two cases of flap loss were encountered. The mean total operating time was 480 ± 153 minutes. The mean follow-up was 10 ± 3 months. There were no donor-site wound complications.
Conclusion Based on our results, the flow-through flap technique can be considered a safe alternative to the end-to-side technique for complex extremity defect reconstruction irrespective of the vascular status. The additional arterial anastomosis, even in the absence of an arterial gap or a vascular compromised extremity, did not increase the complication rate in the hands of experienced microsurgeons.
Endoscopic Intramural Surgery Part II: Muscular Division
Authors: Barajas-Gamboa Juan , Corcelles Ricard , Kroh Matthew 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe development of endoscopic technologies and the introduction of new surgical concepts during the last decade has led to an evolution of surgical treatment of gastrointestinal disorders including achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux, gastroparesis, inflammatory bowel disease, and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Intramural surgery creates a novel approach to perform muscular division, submucosal dissection, and tumor removal. These procedures have proven safe and effective, and increasingly are part of the surgical endoscopist's toolbox. Intramural surgical procedures include peroral esophagomyotomy (POEM), peroral pyloromyotomy (POP), Zenker's diverticulotomy, and submucosal tunneling and endoscopic resection (STER) of lesions. The objective of this article is to describe current intramural surgery procedures that comprise muscular division, as well as clinical outcomes and its impact on surgical endoscopic practices.
Mixed weak estimates of Sawyer type for generalized maximal operators
Authors: Berra Fabio 
Published: December 2018

We study mixed weak estimates of Sawyer type for maximal operators associated with the family of Young functions

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NPY Deficiency Prevents Postmenopausal Adiposity by Augmenting Estradiol-Mediated Browning
Authors: Park Seongjoon , Nayantai Erkhembayar , Komatsu Toshimitsu , Hayashi Hiroko , Mori Ryoichi , Shimokawa Isao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe orexigenic hormone neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a pivotal role in the peripheral regulation of fat metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of sex on NPY function have not been extensively analyzed. In this study, we examined the effects of NPY deficiency on fat metabolism in male and female mice. Body weight was slightly decreased, whereas white adipose tissue (WAT) mass was significantly decreased as the thermogenic program was upregulated in NPY-/- female mice compared with that in wild-type mice; these factors were not altered in response to NPY deficiency in male mice. Moreover, lack of NPY resulted in an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) expression in the pituitary gland, with concomitant activation of the estradiol-mediated thermogenic program in inguinal WAT, and alleviated age-related modification of adiposity in female mice. Taken together, these data revealed a novel intracellular mechanism of NPY in the regulation of fat metabolism and highlighted the sexual dimorphism of NPY as a promising target for drug development to reduce postmenopausal adiposity.
Differential Construal of Exercise versus Diet and Implications for Weight Control
Authors: Okada Erica Mina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Successful weight control is a challenge for many consumers, but in principle, it is a simple arithmetic combination of increasing caloric expenditure and/or decreasing caloric intake. We call the former “exercise” and the latter “diet.” A field survey, three behavioral lab experiments, and a national weight loss field study show that (1) people tend to construe exercise at higher levels and diet at lower levels, (2) activating people’s focus on the high-level purposes versus low-level processes of their behavior may improve the odds of weight control success by exercise and diet, respectively, and (3) people who effectuated exercise plans that were high in desirability in terms of bringing about greater net caloric cuts, and diet plans that were high in feasibility in terms of ease of compliance, had the greatest weight reduction over a three-month period. Understanding the theory of how contrasting mental models underlie exercise versus diet may help consumers control their weight with more success, and marketers position their weight control products and services more effectively.
Finding a Seat at the Table: How Race Shapes Access to Social Capital
Authors: Munn Christopher W 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLeaders of multiracial churches serve an important role between religious institutions and their members. As a bridge between social networks, they develop connections that ease the flow of resources across a diverse array of groups. Therefore, it is imperative to understand if racial differences exist in how leaders access the social and material resources embedded in racially homogenous organizations, peer networks, and institutions. An in-depth analysis of 121 head clergy interviews from the Religious Leadership and Diversity Project (RLDP) reveals that access to social capital is constrained when white leaders hoard resources and assign symbolic value to positions held by leaders of color. Findings of this study suggest the need for further investigation of racial inequality reproduction via the mechanism of differences in social capital.
Psychosocial Issues in Children With Thalassemia: From Identification to a Model for Management in a Developing Country
Authors: Raman Vijaya , Prakash Anand , D’Souza Fulton 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Children with chronic disorders like β thalassemia major (TM) and their care givers are known to face various psychosocial problems. This study used screening tests to detect these psychosocial issues so that prompt referral for counseling is possible.

Methods:
A semistructured demographic questionnaire, Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered to 30 children with TM, on regular treatment at a tertiary care hospital. The same questionnaires were administered to age-matched and sex-matched controls. Parents were administered the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Children with TM scored higher on both PSC-17 (9.93 vs. 4.87; P<0.001) and SDQ (14.9 vs. 10.9; P=0.008). The parents of children with TM scored higher on the GHQ (10.3 vs. 8.0; P=0.027).

Results:
Psychosocial morbidity was higher in children with TM and their care-givers. Screening tools help detect children and care givers in need of formal counseling.

Conclusions:
The study makes a case for management of these issues by the pediatrician in tandem with mental health professionals. Some strategies that can be used in managing these children and their families are presented. In addition, issues in management with particular focus on a developing country context are highlighted and discussed.
Application of the Clinical Practice Guideline for Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A Case Report
Authors: Huegel Micah , Kenyon Lisa K. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
This case report illustrates application of the Clinical Practice Guideline for Congenital Muscular Torticollis in a pediatric outpatient facility.

Descriptions:
The infant was a 2-month-old baby presenting with congenital muscular torticollis. Application of each of the 16 action statements outlined in the Clinical Practice Guideline is detailed as related to the case.

Outcomes:
All desired outcomes were achieved within 11 intervention sessions over a 16-week period.

What This Case Adds:
This case illustrates application of the Clinical Practice Guideline and exemplifies how each action statement can be addressed without placing an undue time burden upon the therapist. The case resulted in changes to facility-wide clinical procedures to increase consistency of care as outlined in the Clinical Practice Guideline.
Endogenous variation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex state dynamics during naturalistic viewing reflects affective experience
Authors: Chang Luke J. , Jolly Eshin , Cheong Jin Hyun , Rapuano Kristina M. , Greenstein Nathan , Chen Pin-Hao A. , Manning Jeremy R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHow we process ongoing experiences is shaped by our personal history, current needs, and future goals. Consequently, brain regions involved in generating these subjective appraisals, such as the vmPFC, often appear to be heterogeneous across individuals even in response to the same external information. To elucidate the role of the vmPFC in processing our ongoing experiences, we developed a computational framework and analysis pipeline to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of individual vmPFC responses as participants viewed a 45-minute television drama. Through a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging, facial expression tracking, and self-reported emotional experiences across four studies, our data suggest that the vmPFC slowly transitions through a series of discretized states that broadly map onto affective experiences. Although these transitions typically occur at idiosyncratic times across people, participants exhibited a marked increase in state alignment during high affectively valenced events in the show. Our work suggests that the vmPFC ascribes affective meaning to our ongoing experiences.
Actimetry in infant sleep research: an approach to facilitate comparability
Authors: Schoch Sarah F. , Jenni Oskar G. , Kohler Malcolm , Kurth Salome 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTStudy ObjectivesOnly standardized objective assessments reliably capture the large variability of sleep behavior in infancy, which is the most pronounced during the human lifespan. This is important for clinical as well as basic research. Actimetry is a cost-efficient method to objectively track infant sleep/wake behavior by assessing limb movements. Nevertheless, the standardization of actimetry-based sleep/wake measures is limited by two factors: the use of different computational approaches and the bias towards measuring only nighttime sleep - neglecting ∼20 % of sleep infants obtain during daytime.MethodsWe used actimetry in 50 infants for 10 continuous days at ages 3, 6 and 12 mo in a longitudinal approach. We analyzed the infants’ sleep/wake behaviors applying with two commonly used algorithms: Sadeh and Oakley/Respironics. We compared minute-by-minute agreement and Kappa between the two algorithms, as well as the algorithms with sleep/wake measures from a comprehensive 24-hour, parent-reported diary.ResultsAgreement between uncorrected algorithms was moderate (77 – 84%). By introducing a 6-step adjustment, we increased agreement between algorithms (96 – 97%) and with the diary. This decreased the difference between the two algorithms in e.g. Total Sleep Duration from 4.5 h to 0.2 h.ConclusionsThis computational pipeline enhances comparability between infant actimetry studies and the inclusion of parent-reported diaries allows the integration of daytime sleep. Objectively assessed infant sleep that is comparable across different studies supports the establishment of normative developmental trajectories and clinical cutoffs.
Empirical examination of the replicability of associations between brain structure and psychological variables
Authors: Masouleh Shahrzad Kharabian , Eickhoff Simon B. , Hoffstaedter Felix , Genon Sarah 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLinking interindividual differences in psychological phenotype to variations in brain structure is an old dream for psychology and a crucial question for cognitive neurosciences. Yet, replicability of the previously-reported “structural brain behavior” (SBB)-associations has been questioned, recently. Here, we conducted an empirical investigation, assessing replicability of SBB among heathy adults. For a wide range of psychological measures, the replicability of associations with gray matter volume was assessed. Our results revealed that among healthy individuals 1) finding an association between performance at standard psychological tests and brain morphology is relatively unlikely 2) significant associations, found using an exploratory approach, have overestimated effect sizes and 3) can hardly be replicated in an independent sample. After considering factors such as sample size and comparing our findings with more replicable SBB-associations in a clinical cohort and replicable associations between brain structure and non-psychological phenotype, we discuss the potential causes and consequences of these findings.
Sexual selection drives the evolution of wing interference patterns
Authors: Hawkes MF , Duffy E , Joag R , Skeats A , Radwan J , Wedell N , Sharma MD , Hosken DJ , Troscianko J 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe seemingly transparent wings of many insects have recently been found to display dramatic structural coloration. These structural colours (wing interference patterns: WIPs) may be involved in species recognition and mate choice, yet little is known about the evolutionary processes that shape them. Additionally, existing research has been restricted by analysing WIPs without due consideration of how they are actually perceived by the viewers’ colour vision. Here, we use multispectral digital imaging and a model ofDrosophilavision to compare WIPs of male and femaleDrosophila simulansfrom replicate populations forced to evolve with or without sexual selection for 68 generations. We show for the first time that WIPs modelled inDrosophilavision evolve in response to sexual selection, and confirm that WIPs correlate with male sexual attractiveness. These findings add a new element to the otherwise well describedDrosophilacourtship display and confirm that wing colours evolve through sexual selection.