bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Europe: recommendations from a Pan‐European Consensus Conference
Authors: Lobitz Stephan , Telfer Paul , Cela Elena , Allaf Bichr , Angastiniotis Michael , Backman Johansson Carolina , Badens Catherine , Bento Celeste , Bouva Marelle J. , Canatan Duran , Charlton Matthew , Coppinger Cathy , Daniel Yvonne , de Montalembert Marianne , Ducoroy Patrick , Dulin Elena , Fingerhut Ralph , Frömmel Claudia , García‐Morin Marina , Gulbis Béatrice , Holtkamp Ute , Inusa Baba , James John , Kleanthous Marina , Klein Jeannette , Kunz Joachim B. , Langabeer Lisa , Lapouméroulie Claudine , Marcao Ana , Marín Soria José L. , McMahon Corrina , Ohene‐Frempong Kwaku , Périni Jean‐Marc , Piel Frédéric B. , Russo Giovanna , Sainati Laura , Schmugge Markus , Streetly Allison , Tshilolo Leon , Turner Charles , Venturelli Donatella , Vilarinho Laura , Yahyaoui Rachel , Elion Jacques , Colombatti Raffaella ,   with the endorsement of EuroBloodNet, the European Reference Network in Rare Haematological Diseases
Published: October 2018

SummarySickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an increasing global health problem and presents significant challenges to European health care systems. Newborn screening (NBS) forSCDenables early initiation of preventive measures and has contributed to a reduction in childhood mortality fromSCD. Policies and methodologies forNBSvary in different countries, and this might have consequences for the quality of care and clinical outcomes forSCDacross Europe. A two‐day Pan‐European consensus conference was held in Berlin in April 2017 in order to appraise the current status ofNBSforSCDand to develop consensus‐based statements on indications and methodology forNBSforSCDin Europe. More than 50SCDexperts from 13 European countries participated in the conference. This paper aims to summarise the discussions and present consensus recommendations which can be used to support the development ofNBSprogrammes in European countries where they do not yet exist, and to review existing programmes.
Displaced Rohingya children at high risk for mental health problems: Findings from refugee camps within Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Naila Z. , Shilpi Asma Begum , Sultana Razia , Sarker Shaoli , Razia Sultana , Roy Bipasha , Arif Abu , Ahmed Misbah Uddin , Saha Subas Chandra , McConachie Helen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe 2017 political violence against the Rohingya people in the state of Rakhine resulted in a large influx of displaced populations into Bangladesh. Given harsh conditions and experiences in Myanmar, and the harrowing journey to the border, raised levels of child neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and mental health problems were expected.MethodsA team of child development professionals, physicians, psychologists, and developmental therapists screened 622 children in clinics within the refugee camps using the Developmental Screening Questionnaire (DSQ; 0–<2 years), and the Ten Questions Plus (TQP) for NDDs, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; 2–16 years) for mental health problems. Any child positive on the DSQ or the TQP was assessed for NDDs.ResultsOnly 4.8% children aged 0–<2 years and 7.3% children aged >2–16 years screened positive for NDDs, comparable with a local Bangladesh population. However, 52% of children were in the abnormal range for emotional symptoms on the SDQ, and 25% abnormal for peer problems. Significant risk factors were being parentless and having lost one or more family members in the recent crisis.ConclusionsThis screening study provides objective evidence of the urgent need for psychosocial support of Rohingya children within camps, with special attention to those without parents, including monitoring of their well‐being and counselling of families and other care providers.
The Political Economy of Unemployment Insurance based on Individual Savings Accounts: Lessons from Chile
Authors: Sehnbruch Kirsten , Carranza Rafael , Prieto Joaquín 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn recent years, unemployment protection systems based on individual savings have been instituted in several developing countries. Chile was one of the first to establish such a system, which at the time was widely cited as a model for other countries. This article discusses the particular political context in which the Chilean system was created before examining how it works in terms of coverage and levels of benefits received by unemployed workers. The authors undertake a detailed analysis of the administrative data produced by the system and conclude that the insurance covers only a small proportion of the unemployed, as most workers generally had precarious jobs that did not allow them to contribute to the system consistently. The Chilean case illustrates how difficult it is to establish functioning unemployment insurance in developing countries with precarious labour markets. Based on the interaction between employment characteristics and the conditions imposed by the benefit system, the article assesses the efficacy of the Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts (UISA) system and analyses whether it can indeed serve as a model for other developing countries.
The changes and the predictors of suicide ideation and suicide attempt among HIV‐positive patients at 6–12 months post diagnosis: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lu Hsing‐Fei , Sheng Wang‐Huei , Liao Shih‐Cheng , Chang Nien‐Tzu , Wu Pei‐Ying , Yang Ya‐Ling , Hsiao Fei‐Hsiu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsThis study examined the changes and the predictors of suicide ideation/suicide attempt and the moderating effects of psychosocial factors on the suicide ideation/suicide attempts among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients at 6–12 months post‐diagnosis.BackgroundSuicide behaviours are prevalent among newly diagnosed HIV‐positive patients, but the changes in suicide behaviours after diagnosis and the role of psychosocial factors in these behaviours are not well studied.DesignThis study used a prospective longitudinal design.MethodsA total of 113 participants diagnosed as HIV‐positive for 6–12 months were recruited from the outpatient department. Data were collected from June 2015 – October 2016. They were asked to complete Beck's Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Beck Depression Inventory‐II, the Body Image Scale, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support at baseline, the third month and the sixth month.ResultsThe results showed the high occurrence rates for suicide ideation ranging from 27.2%, 21.6%, and 25.8% and suicide attempt ranging from 14.7%, 8.6%, and 13.3% at the baseline, the third month and the sixth month, respectively. The education level, social support from family and depressive symptoms were the predictors of suicide ideation. The history of depression disorders, depressive symptoms and social support from friends significantly predicted suicide attempt. Meaning in life‐presence moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicide ideation.ConclusionsAfter diagnosed for 6–12 months, HIV‐positive patients remain the high‐risk group for suicide ideation and attempt. Suicide intervention targeting the risk and protective factors are required for HIV‐positive patients.
Variation in the actual preferences for AI bull traits among Finnish dairy herds
Authors: Paakala Elina , Martín‐Collado Daniel , Mäki‐Tanila Asko , Juga Jarmo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChanging production circumstances, a wide range of traits and the international bull market enable dairy farmers to make increasingly specific choices concerning artificial insemination (AI) bulls. Finland is part of the joint Nordic dairy cattle breeding programme where in addition to yield, high emphasis is given to health, fertility, conformation and longevity. The aims of our study were (a) to investigate whether Finnish dairy farmers differ in their selection preferences for AI bull traits and can be clustered into herd groups, (b) to determine whether AI bull selection in different herd groups is in line with the Nordic Total Merit index (NTM) and (c) to analyse how the herd groups are related to herd characteristics. We used a statistical cluster analysis to analyse AI bull usage and to group herds according to each herd's bull selection profile determined by the traits’ estimated breeding value (EBV) mean weighted by the number of inseminations for the various traits. We identified four herd groups in both Ayrshire (AY) and Holstein (HOL) breeds: Production, Fertility, All‐rounders, and Conformation. The herds’ bull selection profiles were mostly close to the NTM except in the Conformation herd groups where traits other than conformation were nearly neglected. This led to poorer expected genetic and economic outcomes than with the NTM selection. Conformation herds were a minority, but they were larger in herd size and investments had recently been made. The data suggest that either fine‐tuning the weights in the NTM, forming alternative indices or developing a herd‐specific total merit index (TMI) could fulfil the needs of very diverse herds.
Complexity of animal breeding choice making
Authors: Martin‐Collado Daniel , Byrne Timothy J. , Diaz Clara , Amer Peter R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe last decades of developments in animal breeding, genetics, genomics and data recording technologies have allowed the evaluation of larger numbers of animal and animal traits than ever before. This should help make animal breeding choices more informed, but it also makes them far more complex. This complexity may be overwhelming farmers, thus compromising realization of potential genetic gain in livestock industries. However, the effect of complexity of animal breeding choices on farmers’ selection of animals has received very little theoretical consideration to date. This paper reviews the theoretical principles of complex decisions, contextualizes the findings to the field of animal breeding, and analyses how farmers and the animal breeding industry are currently dealing with complexity. According to the findings of the analyses of complex decisions in other fields, the complexity of animal breeding choices is likely to lead to farmers using conscious or unconscious simplifying strategies (heuristics) to handle such complexity. When these heuristics are ineffective, poor selection decisions and a potential loss of genetic progress can be expected. Further, studies using survey experiments to understand farmer behaviour and selection preferences may be compromised by the complexity of the survey´s choice tasks. Thus, while many animal breeding industries recognize the complexity of animal breeding choices for farmers and attempts are made to assist farmers in their choice making, the effectiveness of these attempts is not well quantified and understood. We discuss three areas of research that could be key to disentangling how, and by how much, animal breeding choice complexity affects farmers’ decisions.
Dysfunctional endothelial‐derived microparticles promote inflammatory macrophage formation via NF‐кB and IL‐1β signal pathways
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Liu Jie , Chen Xiaoli , Sun Huimin , Peng Sheng , Kuang Yashu , Pi Jingjiang , Zhuang Tao , Zhang Lin , Yu Zuoren , Tomlinson Brain , Chan Paul , Chen Yihan , Zhang Yuzhen , Li Ying 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCirculating endothelial‐derived microparticles (EMPs) are reported to be increased in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, it remains unclear whether EMPs from dysfunctional endothelium participate in the initiation and progression of ACS and what the underlying mechanisms might be.MethodsPlasma EMPs were measured in 22 patients with ACS and 20 control patients without coronary artery diseases. EMPs from dysfunctional human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stressed by serum‐starvation or hypoxia were compared to the EMPs from healthy HUVECs. Confocal and fluorescent microscopy was used to visualize the incorporation of EMPs into monocytes and the translocation of NF‐кB. Monocyte adhesion, cell proliferation, and phagocytosis were detected by PKH26 red fluorescent labelling, Ki67 immunostaining, and Sudan IV staining for uptake of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, respectively.ResultsPlasma EMPs was significantly increased in ACS patients compared to controls. EMPs were incorporated into monocytes and EMPs from stressed HUVECs produced more pro‐inflammatory cytokines compared to vehicle control, which was depended on NF‐кB and IL‐1β signal pathways. EMPs from dysfunctional endothelium promoted monocyte adherence via NF‐кB and IL‐1β‐mediated MCP‐1 and CCR‐5 signals, as well as proliferation via the NF‐кB and IL‐1β‐mediated Cyclin D1 signals. Finally, EMPs from dysfunctional endothelium showed greater promotion of macrophage phagocytosis forming foam cells to produce more pro‐inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionMPs might be involved in the inflammatory process in patients with ACS via NF‐κB and IL‐1β‐dependent signals. Targeting EMP‐mediated inflammatory responses may be a promising therapeutic strategy to limit the progression of disease in ACS.
Metformin inhibits growth and prolactin secretion of pituitary prolactinoma cells and xenografts
Authors: Gao Jun , Liu Yang , Han Gaijing , Deng Kan , Liu Xiaohai , Bao Xinjie , Feng Ming , Yao Yong , Lian Wei , Xing Bing , Lv Xiang , Wang Renzhi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetformin (MET) is a diabetes drug that activates AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), and is suggested to have anticancer efficacy. Here, we investigated the role of AMPK signalling in prolactinoma (PRLoma), with particular respect to MET and bromocriptine (BC) as a PRLoma treatment. We analysed AMPK phosphorylation, dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), and oestrogen receptor (ER) expression in both BC‐sensitive and ‐resistant PRLoma samples; effects of the AMPK agonist MET (alone or with BC) on in vitro proliferation and apoptosis, xenograft growth and prolactin (PRL) secretion of BC‐sensitive and ‐resistant cells, and ER expression in xenografts. Some BC‐resistant PRLomas showed high D2R expression but extremely low AMPK activation. MET significantly inhibited proliferation of cultured PRLoma cells; MET + BC notably restrained their PRL secretion. MET + BC further decreased tumour growth and serum PRL levels in xenografts than BC treatment alone. ER was down‐regulated after AMPK activation in both cultured cells and xenografts. Together, we propose that the AMPK signalling pathway down‐regulates ERα and ERβ, and suppresses PRLoma growth as well as PRL secretion. Combined MET + BC is a potential treatment for PRLomas.
Improving the nutritional intake of hospital patients: how far have we come? A re‐audit
Authors: Beavan S. , Baker R. , Sadler H. , Collinson A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition affects up to 33.6% of hospitalised patients, with consequences that are detrimental for both patients and healthcare providers. In 2015, an audit demonstrated inadequate nutritional provision and consumption by hospitalised patients, comprising a major risk factor for malnutrition. This re‐audit evaluates whether patients are meeting recommended energy and protein standards and estimated individual requirements, subsequent to food service improvements since 2015.MethodsPatients (n = 111) were included from a South West hospital, and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool scores (MUST) categorised patients as ‘nutritionally well’ (MUST 0) or ‘nutritionally vulnerable’ (MUST ≥ 1). Individual energy and protein requirements were estimated using weight‐based equations. Nutritional intakes were assessed via 24‐h dietary recall and compared against the British Dietetic Association's Nutrition and Hydration Digest standards, as well as estimated individual requirements.ResultsIn total, the Digest standards for energy and protein were met by 35% and 63% of patients respectively, which is an increase of 19% and 36% since 2015. ‘Nutritionally well’ patients were more likely to meet nutrient standards for protein (62%) than estimated individual requirements (30%) (P ≤ 0.001). ‘Nutritionally vulnerable’ patients were more likely to meet estimated individual requirements for energy (60%) than the Digest standards (30%) (P = 0.047).ConclusionsThe proportion of patients meeting the Digest standards has increased considerably following numerous food service changes. Nutritional training for housekeepers, energy/protein‐dense snacks and drinks, and fortified dietary items may further increase nutritional intakes. Additionally, as a result of discrepancies between the Digest standards and individual estimated requirements, more research is required to identify the most appropriate auditing standards that reflect best practice.
Sleep‐dependent selective imitation in infants
Authors: Konrad Carolin , Dirks Nora D. , Warmuth Annegret , Herbert Jane S. , Schneider Silvia , Seehagen Sabine 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn adults, sleep selectively consolidates those memories that are relevant for future events. The present study tested whether napping after encoding plays a role in selective memory consolidation in infants. Infants aged 15 and 24 months (n = 48 per age) were randomly assigned to a nap or a no‐nap demonstration condition, or a baseline control condition. In the demonstration conditions, infants observed an experimenter perform an irrelevant action followed by a relevant action to achieve a desirable outcome on four different toys. Infant imitation of irrelevant and relevant actions was coded at a test session that occurred after a 24‐hr delay. The demonstration and test sessions were scheduled around infants’ naturally occurring sleeping patterns. When order of actions was not taken into account, infants in both demonstration conditions exhibited retention of the relevant and irrelevant target actions. Contrary to expectations, infants in the nap condition did not perform the relevant action only more often than infants in the no‐nap condition. As expected, only infants in the no‐nap condition faithfully reproduced the two actions in the demonstrated order: irrelevant action first, followed by the relevant action. Thus, sleep might help infants to selectively “discard” aspects of a learning experience that they identify as being not useful or relevant in the future.
The power of simulation: a large‐scale narrative analysis of learners’ experiences
Authors: Bearman Margaret , Greenhill Jennene , Nestel Debra 
Published: October 2018

ContextSimulation‐based education (SBE) includes a broad spectrum of simulation activities, which are individually well researched. An extensive literature reports on SBE methods, topics and modalities, but there are limited studies investigating how simulation as a holistic phenomenon promotes learning.This study seeks to identify the ways in which health professionals narrate powerful SBE experiences and through this to understand in what ways SBE may influence learning.MethodsThree hundred and twenty‐seven narratives about powerful learning through SBE were gathered from participants’ online reflections from a national faculty development programme in SBE. Narrative and thematic analyses were conducted on included texts, using ‘transformative learning theory’ as a sensitising notion.ResultsNarratives were categorised into the following categories: progress (267/327 = 81%); transformation (25/327 = 8%); practice (27/328 = 8%); and humiliation (8/327 = 2%). Recurrent features across narrative categories were as follows: early experiences in training; dramatic scenarios; developing appreciation of SBE; highly emotional experiences; things that ‘went wrong’; and ongoing reflection. Themes regarding mechanisms that supported learning were as follows: verisimilitude; feedback, debriefing and facilitation; observation of self and others; repetition of activities; and role‐playing the patient.ConclusionsThe results generally support the notion that SBE is experienced as a holistic phenomenon, rather than separate modalities. The narrative categories, recurrent features and learning themes tended to work across all simulation modalities, with the exception of ‘being in the patient's shoes’ being supported by role‐play in particular. Although powerful experiences were not necessarily transformative ones, they often occurred at formative stages of training. There was a strong sense that things going wrong in simulation scenarios (and the associated emotions and reflection) were a key part of learning. This underlines SBE's potential role in helping learners see fallibility as part of professional practice.
Effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on neuropsychological outcomes in children aged 1‐11 years: A systematic review
Authors: Sharapova Saida R. , Phillips Elyse , Sirocco Karen , Kaminski Jennifer W. , Leeb Rebecca T. , Rolle Italia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundNormalisation of medicinal and recreational marijuana use has increased the importance of fully understanding effects of marijuana use on individual‐and population‐level health, including prenatal exposure effects on child development. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to examine the long‐term effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on neuropsychological function in children aged 1‐11 years.MethodsPrimary research publications were searched from Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL EbscoHost, Cochrane Library, Global Health and ERIC (1980‐2018). Eligible articles documented neuropsychological outcomes in children 1‐11 years who had been prenatally exposed to marijuana. Studies of exposure to multiple prenatal drugs were included if results for marijuana exposure were reported separately from other substances. Data abstraction was independently performed by two reviewers using a standardised protocol.ResultsThe eligible articles (n = 21) on data from seven independent longitudinal studies had high quality based on the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Some analyses found associations (P < 0.05) between prenatal marijuana exposure and decreased performance on memory, impulse control, problem‐solving, quantitative reasoning, verbal development and visual analysis tests; as well as increased performance on attention and global motion perception tests. Limitations included concurrent use of other substances among study participants, potential under‐reporting and publication biases, non‐generalisable samples and limited published results preventing direct comparison of analyses.ConclusionsThe specific effects of prenatal marijuana exposure remain unclear and warrant further research. The larger number of neuropsychological domains that exhibit decreased versus increased psychological and behavioural functions suggests that exposure to marijuana may be harmful for brain development and function.