bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Rhodanine Analogues as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors (ARIs)
Authors: Khan Neelam , Gautam Girendra , Gupta Arun K. 
Published: February 2019

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting long-term secondary complication. Aldose reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, plays a key role in the treatment of diabetic complications. Appropriately, inhibition of this enzyme is emerging as a major therapeutic strategy for the pathogenesis of secondary complication. In this study, we describe a series of 5 aryl benzylidene -thiazolidine, 4-dione derivatives, F3 synthesized as aldose reductase inhibitors. Besides inhibiting efficiently the target enzyme, F4 and F5 showed additional AR inhibitory as well as hypoglycaemic activity (146.15 and 175.20 mg/dl ) thus emerging as novel dual acting compounds. The bezylidene derivative F3, the most promising of the whole series, showed a well-balanced, consisting of ALR2 inhibitory efficacy (83.00% at 10µg/mL), similarly, F3 have lower blood glucose level in the range of 131.11 mg/dl at 15 mg/kg body weight. This compound show robust in vitro and in vivo efficacy, and could be considered as promising dual target antidiabetic drug candidates.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, Aldose reductase inhibitors
A Study on Establishment of Phytochemical Analysis of Quality Parameters and Fluorescence Analysis of Costus spicatus- rhizome extract Medicinal Plants a Well Known Tropical Folklore Medicine
Authors: Azhagumadhavan S , Senthilkumar S , Padma M , Sasikala P , Jayaseelan T , Ganesan S 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic pharmacognostical characters of Costus spicatus in rhizomes extract along with their physico-chemical parameters and fluorescence analysis.
Methods: The pharmacognostical characters were determined in terms of macroscopy, microscopy, Powder microscopy, rhizome constant, fluorescence analysis and Preliminary phytochemical investigation.
Result: The fluorescence characteristics of rhizome powdered extracts were determined under UV radiation of long and short wavelengths and ordinary visible light. When the powdered drug and extracts were treated with different reagents and observed under UV and ordinary light, they emitted various colour radiations. The colour change for the rhizome powder and individual extract were distinctive and reproducible revealing the solvent properties to the phytoconstituents and data is present. The moister content was calculated through the loss on drying method and was found to be 1.43%. The swelling and foaming index values were recorded. The phytochemical investigation indicates the presence of the organic phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, protein, amino acids, phenols, tannin, glycosides, steroids and inorganic constituents like iron, phosphate, sulphate and chlorides.
Conclusion: Various pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters have pivotal roles in identification, authentication and establishment of quality parameters of the species.
Keywords: Costus spicatus, Physico-Chemical parameters and fluorescence analysis.
A Review on anti-epileptic activity of seaweed Ecklonia cava
Authors: Owoalade Samiat Abimbola , Martin Lou Diana Moria , Yadav Kashikant , Poudel Sumitra 
Published: February 2019

The Present study was undertaken to investigate the Anticonvulsant activity of sea weed extract of Ecklonia cava on electrically and chemically induced seizures in wistar rat. The methanolic seaweed extract was studied for its anticonvulsant activity by using experimental paradigms like Maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES). Expected to exhibited protection against tonic convulsions induced by MES in wistar rats. Objective of these studies were designed to screen the antiepileptic activity of the seaweed Ecklonia cava in experimental laboratory animals.
Keywords: Antiepileptic Activity, Ecklonia cava (E.C), seizures, Flexon, Hind Limb Extension, Electroencephalography (EEG)
Application of polymeric nanoparticles in oral delivery of recombinant human erythropoietin: A review
Authors: Dhapake Pankaj Rajendra , Avari Jasmine G 
Published: February 2019

Recombinant Human Erythropoietin drugs are known as erythropoietin stimulating agents which stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells in the body. It is used an antianemic in the treatment of renal anemia and chemotherapy induced anemia. It also use in treatment of HIV, cerebral malaria and neurological disease like schizophrenia. The recombinant human erythropoietin dosage form currently available in the market is parenteral dosage form that is ready for injection liquid vial (syringe), which is usually administered 2-3 times weekly. To achieve a therapeutic effect of parenterally administered EPO, cumulative doses are required that significantly exceed levels of endogenous EPO. These high serum levels result in prolonged circulation times of EPO and unspecific binding to non-targeted tissue, which may lead to severe undesired side effects i.e. growth of tumor and also increased risk of death. By using the nanotechnology, side effects and toxicity related to high dose of erythropoietin should be reduces and prolong drug release. this will achieve by reducing administration frequency and lowering dosage of erythropoietin.
Keywords: Recombinant Human Erythropoietin, Nanoparticle, Prolong drug release, Anemia
Extraction, Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites of Corchorus Olitorius
Authors: Patil D K , Jain Alok Pal 
Published: February 2019

Jute (Corchorus spp.) leaf has long been used as a remedy in many cultures. Jute leaf products, which include the leaf juice, fried leaf and some time whole green leaf are used, among other reasons, as laxatives, in creams for skin care, and as a treatment for a wide range of diseases, respectively. The heterogeneous nature of jute leaf products may contribute to the diverse biological and therapeutic activities that have been observed. The aim of the present study is to examine Corchorus olitorius whole plant for phytochemical profile. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The present study provides evidence that successive solvent extracts of Corchorus olitorius contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases. Quantitative analysis of flavonoids was carried out by aluminium chloride method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The total flavonoids content of whole plant extracts was found to be chloroform- 0.505, ethyl acetate-1.300, methanol-2.050, aqueous-1.785 mg/100mg.The present study concluded that the crude extract of Corchorus olitorius is a potential source of various activates and this justifies its use in folkloric medicine.
Keywords: Corchorus olitorius, Qualitative, Quantitative analysis, Total flavonoids
Prevalence of impaired renal function in patients of liver cirrhosis with or without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Dutta Siddhartha , Chawla Shalini , Srivastava Siddharth , Loomba Poonam , Roy Vandana 
Published: February 2019

Background: Renal Impairment (RI) is a common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) a complication in cirrhosis further aggravates and worsens the scenario. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio (BCR) is one of the common laboratory tests used to distinguish prerenal azotemia (PR) from acute tubular necrosis and proves to be handy in absence of other tests.
Objective: To find the prevalence of renal impairment in the patients of liver cirrhosis with or without SBP.
Design and Setting: Observational, prospective, single centre study.
Methods: Cirrhotic patients with SBP or low Ascitic fluid protein were enrolled. RI was considered if the serum creatinine or urea or both were above the reference range. BCR was obtained for each patient and divided based on BCR <20 and BCR>20. Assessment of variability of BCR values was done by further dividing them into eight subgroups (<10, 10–15, 16–20, 21–25, 26–30, 31–35, 36-40 and >40).
Results: 34 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A with 22 patients with SBP and group B with 12 patients with low ascitic fluid protein. Group A had 77.27% patients with RI and group B had 58.33%. Majority of the patients had BCR>20 group denoting a RI of PR type. Three patients had BCR>40 indicating towards a probable gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
Conclusion: This study gives an idea about the common occurrence of renal impairment in the patients of liver cirrhosis and ascites which needs early intervention to improve the prognosis.
Keywords: Renal Impairment; Renal failure; Blood urea nitrogen creatinine ratio; BCR Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis; Liver cirrhosis
Evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, and In-vitro antidiarrhoeal, activity of Euphorbia hirta
Authors: Mir Suhail Ahmad , Maqbool Mudasir , Sheikh Khursheed Ahmad , Bhat Ahsan Ullaha , Bader Ghulam Nabi 
Published: February 2019

Background: The current study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and In-vitro antidiarrheal properties of Euphorbia hirta
Methods: Extracts were obtained using cold extraction, hot extraction and autoclave extraction methods using Methanol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether and distilled water as solvents. Crude extracts were screened for different phytochemical constituents like sugars, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides etc. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using spectrophotometric method. The in-vitro antidiarrheal activity was elucidated by the antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method.
Results: Methanol proved to be a good solvent for extraction. In-vitro antidiarrheal activity was shown by all extracts on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi bacteria which are mainly responsible for diarrhea.
Conclusion: From the phytochemical screening it shows presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. The plant also shows antioxidant activity, methnolic extracts shows higher activity and it shows In-vitro antidiarrhoeal activity which clearly indicates that the plant can be used for the treatment of diarrhea. Further studies should be done to isolate the compound responsible for activity in the experimental animals.
Keywords: Euphrobia hirta, autoclave extraction, antidiarrheal, phytochemicals.
Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. methanol extract in rats
Authors: Hemalatha T , Ahino Mary D , Saravana Ganthi A 
Published: February 2019

The medicinal plants find wide applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and food industry. Trema orientalis has emerged as a good source of phytomedicine. T. orientalis has beneficial therapeutic properties, and indicates that it has potential as an effective herbal remedy for several diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of methanol powder extract of aerial part of Trema orientalis. There were no major changes in the body weight of animal treated with plant extract. The biochemical parameters like ALP, SGPT, SGOT, total protein, globulin, albumin and bilirubin were within the normal limit in the plant extract treated groups of animals. The present study shows that the methanolic extract of Trema orientalis is safe in lower dose for pharmaceutical analysis.
Keywords: Acute toxicity, biochemical parameters, Sub-acute toxicity, Trema orientalis
Design of Experiments for the Establishment of the Dissolution Test Conditions of Rupatadine Fumarate 10 mg tablets
Authors: Luis Castillo Henríquez , German Madrigal Redondo , Rolando Vargas Zúñiga , Gustavo Carazo Berrocal 
Published: February 2019

Design of Experiments (DoE) is a statistical model that aims to determine if the factors under study affect the response, and if so, it determines the conditions under which this variable of interest can be optimized. In terms of pharmaceutical technology, independent variables are usually factors of the formulation, while dependent variables are properties of the product or parameters that indicate the performance of the process. Precisely, the dissolution test is a tool of interest for the developers of medicines since it allows them to evaluate the performance of a formulation designed in a solid pharmaceutical form, such as tablets. The present investigation used the design of experiments to establish and optimize the conditions of the dissolution test of a 10 mg Rupatadine fumarate tablets formulation, resulting in the use of HCl 0,1 N (pH 1) dissolution medium and a rotation speed of 100 rpm for the apparatus II USP, which allow the analysis of the product in a reproducible and reliable way.
Keywords: Analysis of variances, Design of experiments, Dissolution test, Factorial design, Rupatadine Fumarate, Tablets, Test conditions.
OPTIMISATION OF STARCH OXALATE AS A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT IN FAST DISSOLVING SYSTEMS OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS
Authors: RADA SANTOSH KUMAR , Satya Yagnesh T. Naga 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs by using 23 factorial design in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets by employing starch oxalate as a superdisintegrant.
Methods: Starch oxalate was synthesized by gelatinization process. The physical and micromeritic properties were performed to evaluate the synthesized starch oxalate. By using 23 factorial design, atenolol fast dissolving tablet was prepared by employing starch oxalate as a superdisintegrant in different proportions in each case by direct compression method. In the evaluation of fast dissolving tablets the drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time and other dissolution characteristics were utilized.
Results: The starch oxalate prepared was found to be fine, free-flowing completely amorphous powder. The compatibility between atenolol and starch oxalate were studied and showed no interaction. The drug content, hardness, and friability have been effective with regard to all the formulated fast dissolving tablets employing starch oxalate. The optimised formulation F8 has the least disintegration time i.e., 24±0.06s. The In–vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 28s) in optimized formulation F8. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be more in F8 formulation 94.42±0.18%. The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F8 was found to be 98.70±0.24% in 5 min.
Conclusion: The dissolution efficiency of atenolol was enhanced when starch oxalate was found to be a superdisintegrant when combined with sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone and, hence to provide immediate release of the formulated fast dissolving tablets contained drug it could be used.
Infection of Mycobacterium mageritense at surgical site: A first case report of India
Authors: RAO MANDAVA V 
Published: February 2019

A 27 years old non diabetic, normotensive, female had undergone lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) with tubular ligation. She complained discharge at left side of stitch line after about 5 weeks of operation, and was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. As she did not improve, first and second debridement was done in January and February 2017 and pyogenic cultures sent were sterile. Later she was advised for Multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT) in March 2017, which revealed accumulations in pre-peritoneal space of urinary bladder posteriorly and reached to anterior wall of uterus. This pus was from multiple sinuses and were sent for mycobacterial cultures which showed growth of MOTT- M.mageritense further identified by MALDI-TOF and supported by molecular technologies. After identification of this Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). She was treated for the same and recovered completely after seven months of anti-NTM treatment. This is the first reported case of M. mageritense in skin and soft tissue in India. Literature also reports a few cases around the globe.
Design expert assisted mathematical optimization of solubility and study of fast disintegrating tablets of Lercanidipine Hydrochloride
Authors: Saini Seema , Garg Rajeev 
Published: February 2019

90% of drugs being researched today, posses poor solubility setback which inturn renders the drug with slower rate of absorption from the buccal route; hence dissolution is the rate limiting step for such lipophilic drugs. So, there is a need to keep a check on the dissolution profile of these drugs to ensure maximum therapeutic utilization. The dissolution rate therefore becomes a primary factor which governs the rate and extent of its absorption. Enormous work is being performed in the field of enhancement of solubility and dissolution behaviour of such drugs. Advancements and innovations have developed solid dispersion (SD) technique as the novel method for the solubility enhancement. Precision of dosing and patient's compliance is a crucial prerequisite for the management of chronic Antihypertensive treatment, So there arised a need to formulate a system which should resolve the difficulties associated with conventional tablets. This issue can be better tackled with the formulation of orally fast disintegrating tablets. The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of Lercanidipine hydrochloride (LRH) by formulating a solid dispersion with Polyvinyl pyrollidine (PVP-K30) and Guargum. Full Factorial designs are exploited to learn and research the effects of different variables on the quality determinant parameters. An appropriate statistical model was selected for the scrutiny of the enhanced dissolution pattern. Finally, these solid dispersions were incorporated into fast disintegrating tablets.
Keywords: Lercanidipine Hydrochloride, Solid dispersion, Statistical design approach, Melt fusion method, Fast disintegrating tablet, In vivo studies
Novel Algorithm of CPU-GPU hybrid system for health care data classification
Authors: Tanweer Safdar , Rao Naseem 
Published: February 2019

Due to advancements in portable health monitoring technology, such systems have become more and more economical & efficient. This in turn has resulted in a huge amount of data being generated every moment by millions of users of such portable devices. Such voluminous data may include audio, video, and image, and text representing blood pressure, temperature, vocal activity, ECG, sugar level etc. In the Proposed algorithm, first step is assignment, where clusters are assigned to a patient data and the second step is update, which takes the mean of the coordinates of all the data in its cluster. Medical practitioners and service providers can use such data to discover various patterns and useful insights. Such insights can be very useful on understanding various trends during epidemics, such as Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya and other such outbreaks. A faster and economical way to get such insights is of paramount importance.
Keywords: health monitoring; GPU; ECG; epidemics; data mining
Rational Way of Forming Stubble Coulisses under North Kazakhstan Conditions
Authors: Astaf'ev V. L. 
Published: February 2019

The main limiting factor for increasing yields in the arid steppe conditions of Northern Kazakhstan is moisture. Shoots are usually uneven due to the lack of moisture at the initial stage of their growing. The main source of moisture in this period is winter precipitation. Currently, the following methods of winter precipitation moisture accumulation are used in North Kazakhstan: leaving high standing stubble, seeding coulisses on pure fallow fields, herbicide (chemical) fallow field, snow ridging, harvesting of crops with continuous combining; and forming stubble coulisses. The most preferable way of increasing snow moisture accumulation is the formation of stubble coulisses that can be done in two ways.Research purpose Efficiency evaluation of the ways of forming stubble coulisses.Materials and methods Agroengineering and technological evaluation is used as a main research method of different ways of forming stubble coulisses, which is followed by the selection of a more preferable way.Results and discussion It has been found that in snowy winter both ways of forming stubble coulisses – with alternative passes of a direct combining reaper and a stripping reaper and using a direct combining reaper with a stripper adapter – have shown the same results. However, when there is a little snow in winter, the second way provides more intensive snow accumulation.Conclusions It has been experimentally found that using the direct combining reaper with the stripper adapter decreases labour inputs by 17.8% and total costs by 23.8% as compared to the formation of coulisses by using sequential passes of the direct combining and the stripping reapers. It has been found that the formation of stubble coulisses every 5-9 meters along with in-line para-plowing at a depth of up to 35 cm provides the highest yield increase of in snowy winter as compared to the conventional ways of moisture accumulation.