bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis of a powdery mildew pathogen (Podosphaera pannosa) infecting Eucalyptus urophylla: De novo assembly, expression profiling and secretome prediction
Authors: Fonseca Natália R. , Ibarra Caballero Jorge , Kim Mee‐Sook , Stewart Jane E. , Guimarães Lúcio M. S. , Alfenas Acelino C. , Klopfenstein Ned B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPodosphaera pannosa is the causal agent of powdery mildew on eucalypt in Brazil. This powdery mildew disease is important in nurseries causing leaf and shoot distortion, shoot discoloration and reduction in growth, which decreases mini‐cutting production. Improved RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) technologies have allowed increased information about the transcriptome of several pathogens and hosts, enabling a better understanding of their interaction at the gene level. For this study, we analysed the transcriptome of P. pannosa during leaf infection of Eucalyptus urophylla leaves using RNA‐Seq and de novo transcriptome assembly. The transcriptome was Illumina sequenced and assembled de novo, generating over 178 million RNA‐Seq reads assembled onto 200,473 contigs. After filtering steps, the resulting 12,106 (6%) transcripts were identified as the P. pannosa transcriptome data set. The 10 most abundant transcripts included genes encoding enzymes likely involved in fungal establishment and growth, such as dihydrofolate reductase, putative methyltransferases, acyl‐desaturase, glycoside hydrolase and dehydrogenases. In addition, genes putatively encoding an aquaporin and an orthologue to the effector protein, GoEC2 of Golovinomyces orontii were identified. The predicted secretome consisted of 1,899 translated transcripts, of which 310 exhibited homology to proteins described in the PHI database, 144 of these showing homology to fungal PHI accessions that affected pathogenicity or that are described as effectors. In addition, 81 transcripts encoded secreted proteins homologous to effectors described in the Erysiphales. These results provide a basis for continued studies to better understand the P. pannosa‐eucalypt (Eucalyptus spp.) pathosystem and could parallel studies of the eucalypt transcriptome to help determine host resistance mechanisms.
Standard area diagram set to assess rust severity on eucalyptus leaves
Authors: Borges Luísa Salvador , Rios Jonas Alberto , Aucique‐Pérez Carlos Eduardo , Belisário Renata , Duarte Henrique da Silva Silveira , Furtado Gleiber Quintão 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to develop and validate a standard area diagram set (SADs) to help assess rust severity caused by Austropuccinia psidii on eucalyptus leaves. The SADs has eight colour images of leaves with severity values ranging from 0.97% to 37.3%. The SADs were validated by 16 raters, who assessed the same set of 50 images twice: the first without the SADs and the second using it as an aid. Accuracy and precision of the estimates were determined based on Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, and the inter‐rater reliability was measured using the coefficient of determination (R2) and intraclass correlation. The estimates of severity of eucalyptus rust were more accurate, precise and reliable using SADs. These results demonstrate the value of SADs for several activities, including epidemiological studies, treatments comparison, disease monitoring, decision‐making in eucalyptus rust management measures, and in breeding programs.
Clinical features of sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy in relation to the seizure‐onset zone: A review of 135 surgically treated cases
Authors: Gibbs Steve A. , Proserpio Paola , Francione Stefano , Mai Roberto , Cardinale Francesco , Sartori Ivana , Castana Laura , Plazzi Giuseppe , Tinuper Paolo , Cossu Massimo , Russo Giorgio Lo , Tassi Laura , Nobili Lino 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectivesSleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), formerly nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, is characterized by abrupt and typically sleep‐related seizures with motor patterns of variable complexity and duration. They seizures arise more frequently in the frontal lobe than in the extrafrontal regions but identifying the seizure onset‐zone (SOZ) may be challenging. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical features of both frontal and extrafrontalSHE, focusing on ictal semiologic patterns in order to increase diagnostic accuracy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of patients with drug‐resistantSHEseen in our center for epilepsy surgery. Patients were divided into frontal and extrafrontalSHE(temporal, operculoinsular, and posteriorSHE). We classified seizure semiology according to four semiology patterns (SPs): elementary motor signs (SP1), unnatural hypermotor movements (SP2), integrated hypermotor movements (SP3), and gestural behaviors with high emotional content (SP4). Early nonmotor manifestations were also assessed.ResultsOur case series consisted of 91 frontalSHEand 44 extrafrontalSHE cases. Frontal and extrafrontalSHEshared many features such as young age at onset, high seizure‐frequency rate, high rate of scalpelectroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)abnormalities, similar histopathologic substrates, and good postsurgical outcome. Within the frontal lobe,SPs were organized in a posteroanterior gradient (SP1‐4) with respect to theSOZ. In temporalSHE,SP1 was rare andSP3‐4 frequent, whereas in operculoinsular and posteriorSHE,SP4 was absent. Nonmotor manifestations were frequent (70%) and some could provide valuable localizing information.SignificanceOur study shows that the presence of certainSPand nonmotor manifestations may provide helpful information to localize seizure onset in patients withSHE.
Key attributes related to fishery improvement project (FIP) effectiveness in promoting improvements towards sustainability
Authors: Thomas Travaille Kendra L. , Crowder Larry B. , Kendrick Gary A. , Clifton Julian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFishery improvement projects (FIPs) are emerging as a popular market‐based means to improve fisheries sustainability and have been employed in scores of fisheries around the world; however, project ability to realize improvements has been highly variable, and little is known about how fishery and project conditions affect improvement efforts. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the FIP model as a tool for improving diverse fisheries around the world, we compile a unique dataset of social, ecological and economic characteristics for over 60 FIPs globally, which we use to identify key attributes correlated with improvements in fishing practices, management and/or on‐the‐water outcomes. Using a random forest classifier, we identify three important attributes related to FIP effectiveness in demonstrating improvements. Specifically, FIPs are more likely to have achieved improvements with increased cumulative project time, when regional‐level management arrangements are present and when the target species has a moderate inherent vulnerability to fishing. Interestingly, improvements were not correlated with a number of expected features, including a fishery's socio‐economic setting or baseline performance against the desired sustainability standard (e.g. the Marine Stewardship Council fisheries standard). This study improves our understanding of factors related to FIP effectiveness in improving fisheries practices and management and provides key insights for practitioners into important attributes to consider when implementing the FIP model to promote fisheries sustainability.
Outpatient treatment for haemophilic arthropathy with radiosynovectomy: Radiation dose to family members
Authors: Oliveira Susie , Thomas Sylvia , dos Santos Clara Lorena Glória , Berdeguez Mirta Barbara Torres , de Sa Lidia Vasconcellos , de Souza Sergio Augusto Lopes 
Published: March 2019

One of the key features of good practice in medicine is the doctor‐patient communication. Radiation protection standards for radiosynovectomy (RS) is limited. Yttrium‐90 is a beta‐emitting radioisotope used in RS to treat joint pain from haemophilic arthritis. ICRP 94 states that if a patient is treated with up to 200 MBq, there is no need for further precautions when it comes to public exposure, however, activities can go up to 370 MBq in RS for the knee. This study analysed 119 family members’ safety (16.7% pregnant women). The ambient dose equivalent rate was measured within four distances. A survey was carried analysing risk groups and time spent next to patients. Results showed that family members should be advised to remain at 1.0 m from the patient to decrease accumulated dose by 97.6%. The dose per activity factors estimated in this study is also a useful tool during the risk assessment and doctor/patient communication. Pamphlets were distributed with radiation protection recommendations. Ambient dose equivalent was low enough to show that RS is a safe procedure for family members, which is essential to promote adherence to RS in countries where it is needed but not performed due to lack of information on radiation safety.
Scope of practice of haemophilia physiotherapists: A European survey
Authors: Stephensen David , de Kleijn Piet , Matlary Ruth Elise D. , Katzerova Marie , McLaughlin Paul , Ryan Aislin , Lobet Sebastien ,   the EAHAD Physiotherapists Committee
Published: March 2019

IntroductionEuropean guidelines on the care of haemophilia recommend ready access to a range of services provided by a multidisciplinary team of specialists including physiotherapy. However, the scope of physiotherapy provided is unknown.MethodsThe Physiotherapists Committee of the European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) conducted a web‐based survey to quantify the role and scope of practice of physiotherapists involved in haemophilia care. The survey was sent to more than 200 physiotherapists registered on the EAHAD database. Questions concerned their work practices including assessment and treatment activities and level of autonomy.ResultsEighty physiotherapists from twenty‐four European countries responded. Considerable heterogeneity exists in roles, responsibilities, and clinical practice of physiotherapists, particularly in access to and type of physiotherapy treatment provided, as well as the skill set and autonomy of physiotherapists to make independent assessment and treatment decisions.DiscussionThis pan‐European survey establishes a context to support physiotherapy role development and professional identity. Key recommendations include the following: (a) establishing a pan‐European network to support collaboration and education for physiotherapists working in haemophilia, (b) developing a core skills and capability framework to ensure person‐centred approaches are central as well as working in partnership with those with the condition to maximize early recovery, support self‐management and enablement in remaining active and independent, (c) regular training, standardized validation and maintenance of competency for assessment tools, (d) well‐designed randomized clinical studies with larger numbers of participants from multiple sites should be the focus of future research.
Canal shaping with a reciprocating system is easy to learn
Authors: Muñoz E. , Forner L. , Garcet S. , Rodríguez‐Lozano F. J. , Llena C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo assess progressive learning of root canal shaping in order to define the number of simulated canals in resin blocks needed to reach a level of learning beyond which no further improvement in performance is observed.MethodologyA total of 216 simulated canals in resin blocks were instrumented by 18 operators without experience in Endodontics and by 18 Endodontists. The R25 file of the Reciproc system (VDW, Munich, Germany) was used to prepare the canals. The blocks were photographed before and after instrumentation. An analysis was made of the variations in the dimensions of the canals at 6 locations and of the instrumentation time. A Student's t‐test was used to analyse the data (P < 0.05).ResultsThe group without experience were associated with significant differences in instrumentation time between the first canal and the subsequent canals (P < 0.05) but differences in canal dimensions were not significant (P > 0.05). In the group with experience, the instrumentation time did not differ significantly after the fifth canal, and no significant variations in canal dimensions were observed (P > 0.05).ConclusionsWhen conducting studies on root canal shaping or educating students with new instruments, a simulated canal sample size of 6 was appropriate to achieve competence.
A closer look at response options: Is judgment in situational judgment tests a function of the desirability of response options?
Authors: Kaminski Katarina , Felfe Jörg , Schäpers Philipp , Krumm Stefan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe current study builds on the current scholarly debate about SJTs potentially being less situational than previously assumed. Specifically, we respond to recent calls to examine general (situation unspecific) information included in response options as a guide to SJT responses. Across three consecutive studies and three different forms of SJT administration (standard, without situation descriptions, under fake‐good instructions), the relevance of social desirability of response options on SJT responses was examined. Results suggest that social desirability of response options is significantly related to test takers’ response. This finding generalized across different forms of SJT administration. Across studies and together with the plausibility of response options, desirability explained about one‐third of reliable variance in test takers’ response to an SJT. Implications for SJT theory and development are discussed.
An overview of fish bioacoustics and the impacts of anthropogenic sounds on fishes
Authors: Popper Arthur N. , Hawkins Anthony D. 
Published: March 2019

Fishes use a variety of sensory systems to learn about their environments and to communicate. Of the various senses, hearing plays a particularly important role for fishes in providing information, often from great distances, from all around these animals. This information is in all three spatial dimensions, often overcoming the limitations of other senses such as vision, touch, taste and smell. Sound is used for communication between fishes, mating behaviour, the detection of prey and predators, orientation and migration and habitat selection. Thus, anything that interferes with the ability of a fish to detect and respond to biologically relevant sounds can decrease survival and fitness of individuals and populations.Since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, there has been a growing increase in the noise that humans put into the water. These anthropogenic sounds are from a wide range of sources that include shipping, sonars, construction activities (e.g., wind farms, harbours), trawling, dredging and exploration for oil and gas. Anthropogenic sounds may be sufficiently intense to result in death or mortal injury. However, anthropogenic sounds at lower levels may result in temporary hearing impairment, physiological changes including stress effects, changes in behaviour or the masking of biologically important sounds.The intent of this paper is to review the potential effects of anthropogenic sounds upon fishes, the potential consequences for populations and ecosystems and the need to develop sound exposure criteria and relevant regulations. However, assuming that many readers may not have a background in fish bioacoustics, the paper first provides information on underwater acoustics, with a focus on introducing the very important concept of particle motion, the primary acoustic stimulus for all fishes, including elasmobranchs. The paper then provides background material on fish hearing, sound production and acoustic behaviour. This is followed by an overview of what is known about effects of anthropogenic sounds on fishes and considers the current guidelines and criteria being used world‐wide to assess potential effects on fishes.Most importantly, the paper provides the most complete summary of the effects of anthropogenic noise on fishes to date. It is also made clear that there are currently so many information gaps that it is almost impossible to reach clear conclusions on the nature and levels of anthropogenic sounds that have potential to cause changes in animal behaviour, or even result in physical harm. Further research is required on the responses of a range of fish species to different sound sources, under different conditions. There is a need both to examine the immediate effects of sound exposure and the longer‐term effects, in terms of fitness and likely impacts upon populations.
Implementation of good hygiene practices in food trucks with and without the intervention of a food safety expert
Authors: De Lima Danyele Precibicien , Medeiros Caroline Opolski , Dardin Francine Dolberth , Stangarlin‐Fiori Lize 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the implementation of good hygiene practices in food trucks with and without the intervention of a food safety expert. Fifty‐three food trucks were divided into control group and intervention group. The study was carried out in three stages: (a) evaluation of good hygiene practices in both groups through a list of categories and development of an action plan; (b) participation of a food safety expert in the intervention group; and (c) second assessment of good hygiene practices in both groups. At the latter stage, both groups showed significant improvements on average. The intervention group presented greater progress in the last evaluation, with significantly higher adequacy percentages (p < 0.05) in all categories evaluated. The control group showed improvement in only 50% of the categories. These results revealed the importance of food safety experts in the implementation of hygiene practices in foodservices.Practical applicationsThe aim of this work was to evaluate the implementation of good hygiene practices in food trucks with and without the intervention of a food safety expert. Compliance to hygiene practices increased significantly when food safety consultants participated in the program. The results presented here contribute to raising awareness among food truck owners and staff on the importance of investing in food safety experts to ensure an effective implementation of good hygiene practices and accordingly reduce contamination risks in these establishments.
Antioxidant effects of bioactive compounds isolated from cordyceps and their protective effects against UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cells
Authors: Tang Jie , Xiong Lidan , Shu Xiaohong , Chen Wei , Li Wenjia , Li Jing , Ma Lianzheng , Xiao Ying , Li Li 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundExcessive free radicals, generated from the metabolic reaction in organisms, have been implicated in many human diseases as well as aging process. Nowadays, many synthetic substances have been developed as anti‐oxidation cosmetic ingredients. However, man‐made antioxidants often have certain toxicity and side effects, which make their application under strict control. Therefore, more and more researchers focus on natural antioxidants because of their advantages.AimsIn this study, CE obtained from natural Chinese medicine was used to investigate whether it had antioxidant effect in vitro and repair effect on HaCaT cell damage caused by UVB.MethodsUV‐Vis and HPLC were adopted for qualitative and quantitative analysis of CE. We investigated the antioxidant potential of CE by assessing its ABTS+, DPPH•, hydroxyl (OH•), and superoxide anions () free‐radical quenching ability. The safety of CE was studied by CCK‐8 assay. To evaluate the anti‐oxidation effect of CE on UVB‐induced damage on HaCaT cells, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were tested.ResultsExperiment data showed that the CE displayed high scavenging ability: ABTS+, DPPH•, OH•, and quenching rates were 88%, 64%, 94%, and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, after UVB radiation (30 mJ/cm2), adding CE (50‐500 μg/mL) could increase the SOD activity in HaCaT cells and reduce the MDA contents.ConclusionsAll results illustrate that the CE shows significant antioxidant effect on scavenging free radicals in vitro. Besides, the CE can repair UVB‐induced oxidant damage by improving SOD activity and reducing MDA content.
CENTRAL BANK POLICIES AND INCOME AND WEALTH INEQUALITY: A SURVEY
Authors: Colciago Andrea , Samarina Anna , de Haan Jakob 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper reviews recent research on the relationship between central bank policies and inequality. A new paradigm which integrates sticky‐prices, incomplete markets, and heterogeneity among households is emerging, which allows for the joint study of how inequality shapes macroeconomic aggregates and how macroeconomic shocks and policies affect inequality. The new paradigm features multiple distributional channels of monetary policy. Most empirical studies, however, analyze each potential channel of redistribution in isolation. Our review suggests that empirical research on the effects of conventional monetary policy on income and wealth inequality yields mixed findings, although there seems to be a consensus that higher inflation, at least above some threshold, increases inequality. In contrast to common wisdom, conclusions concerning the impact of unconventional monetary policies on inequality are also not clear cut. To better understand policy effects on inequality, future research should focus on the estimation of General Equilibrium models with heterogeneous agents.
Heat shock protein 70 dampens the inflammatory response of human PDL cells to mechanical loading in vitro
Authors: Marciniak Jana , Lossdörfer Stefan , Kirschneck Christian , Deschner James , Jäger Andreas , Wolf Michael 
Published: March 2019

Background and objectivePreviously, we demonstrated an inflammatory response of human PDL (hPDL) cells to mechanical loading. The cellular reaction was dampened by heat pre‐treatment suggesting a protective role for heat shock proteins (HSP) during stress‐induced ischemia. Here we explored if HSP70, which has already been documented in the pressure zone of tooth movement, might be regulatorily involved in the attenuation of the inflammatory response.Materials and methodsFifth passage hPDL cells were mechanically loaded in the presence of the HSP70 inhibitor VER155008. Cell morphology, HSP70 expression, viability, IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression were determined by means of microscopy, realtime‐PCR and ELISA. The conditioned medium of mechanically loaded and pre‐treated hPDL cells was used to culture monocytes to identify a potential impact on adhesion and osteoclastic differentiation capacity.ResultsMechanical cell stress resulted in a significant increase of pro‐inflammatory parameters. HSP70 inhibition led to a further enhancement of cytokine expression. The conditioned medium of mechanically loaded hPDL cells significantly increased monocyte adhesion and differentiation along the osteoclastic pathway. VER155008 pronounced this effect significantly.ConclusionThe results indicate a regulatory role for HSP70 in the control of the inflammatory hPDL cell response to mechanical loading and identify HSP70 as a target in the attempt to attenuate tissue damage during orthodontic tooth movement. Furthermore, the present findings point to the risk of increased periodontal destruction when medication targeting HSP70 is applied for severe medical conditions during orthodontic tooth movement.