bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading an excellent preschool: what is the role of self-efficacy?
Authors: Fisher Yael , Seroussi Keren 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This study was carried out in 2013 and aims to define the professional self-efficacy of preschool teachers (PTSE); define preschool teachers' perception of preschool excellence (PTPPE); and investigate the relationship between the two.

Design/methodology/approach
Scales for PTPSE and PTPPE were developed especially for this study. Preschool teachers (N = 202) participated during the 2013 school year. Structural equation modelling was performed to test the fit between the research model and the obtained data.

Findings
PTPSE scale (a = 0.91) comprised three subscales: pedagogy (a = 0.84), organisation (a = 0.85) and staff (a = 0.72). The PTPPE scale (a = 0.92) is also composed of three subscales: organisation and pedagogy (a = 0.88), staff (a = 0.84) and parents (a = 0.83). The goodness of fit measures were RMSEA = 0.045, CFI = 0.97, NFI = 0.89, df = 173, χ² = 242.94, p = 0.000, showing GFI = 1.4 (<3) as a good fit.

Research limitations/implications
As the sample was relatively small, the results need to be replicated with larger samples. Therefore, the conclusions of this study are only partially applicable. Another limitation is that both the PTPSES and PTPPE were tested only in Israel and not in other environments.

Practical implications
Understanding self-efficacy of preschool teachers, preschool excellence and the relations between them could assist policymakers with decisions concerning continuing professional development (in service training) of preschool teachers.

Originality/value
Little is known about perceived self-efficacy of preschool teachers, their perception of preschool excellence or the relations between the two.
Professionals’ attitudes toward children’s participation: implementing educational reforms
Authors: Uziely Eran 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
In Israel, the decision which educational framework is most suitable for pupils with special needs is made by a placement committee. In January 2005, the eighth amendment of the Israeli Special Education Law determined that all pupils have the legal right to participate in their placement committee’s deliberations. This paper aims to examine the implementation of this liberal reform that let young people’s voices be heard. Specifically, the focus is on the attitudes of involved professionals (committee chairs, educational supervisors, teachers, etc.) regarding the law, and whether and in what ways their views influence the extent to which this law is implemented.

Design/methodology/approach
The research used an eight-step linear scale to investigate both the desired and actual levels of children’s participation in the committee’s discussions, as evaluated by professionals. In addition, the pupils’ satisfaction with the discussion process was evaluated, based on the professionals’ perceptions. Furthermore, the research analyzed which socioeconomic, cultural and occupational variables correlated with the degree of students’ participation in and satisfaction with the process.

Findings
The major finding was that many of the adults responsible for the implementation of the reform do not believe in its principles and are even opposed to child participation. In their discussions, child participation was poor.

Originality/value
The conclusion drawn from the study is that legislation alone is not enough when implementing a controversial reform. Spreading of this new social norm must be accompanied by efforts to promote the concept of child participation among the professionals who implement it.
Investigating determinants of green consumption: evidence from Greece
Authors: Zavali Maria , Theodoropoulou Helen 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline the green consumer’s profile in Greece, during a period in which the country faces economic difficulties because of crisis. A further investigation of the respondents’ attitude toward environment is attempted. Finally, the role of several socio-demographic characteristics is analyzed, along with the environmental principles in green consuming behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
Primary data were collected through door-to-door interviews of 250 residents in the metropolitan area of Athens by using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 and qualitative analysis through NVivo 11.

Findings
The present study confirms that although consumers became more price sensitive after crisis, they maintain their environmental values. High environmental principles lead to green purchases and several socio-demographic characteristics are closely related to green consumption.

Research limitations/implications
The sample strictly originated in the metropolitan area of Athens. Several variables as a measure of behavioral intention might be questionable. The empirical findings could have significant implications in green government policies and in relevant campaigns

Originality/value
The study provides important evidence toward consumers’ participation in certain green habits and also confirms that the environmental values, along with several socio- characteristics, are a consistent predictor of the green consuming attitude. The above findings could contribute to the redefinition of green campaigns and policies, to improve the penetration of green products in the markets.
An early warning system for emerging drugs of concern in the emergency department: Protocol for the Western Australian Illicit Substance Evaluation (WISE) study
Authors: McCutcheon David , Raghavan Mohan , Soderstrom Jessamine , Oosthuizen Francois , Douglas Bianca , MacDonald Ellen , Fatovich Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAn ever‐increasing number of novel psychoactive substances are being detected worldwide. These emerging drugs have been demonstrated to cause toxicity in clusters, and deaths have been reported. We urgently need to learn more about their effects. We report the protocol for the Western Australian Illicit Substance Evaluation (WISE) study, a research project investigating illicit drug use in the ED.MethodsPatients can be enrolled if the treating clinician strongly suspects they are currently intoxicated with a stimulant, hallucinogenic or cannabinoid drug; and an i.v. cannula or blood tests are required for routine clinical care. Patients are enrolled under a waiver of consent. A single additional blood tube is collected, de‐identified and frozen on site. A temporary link between patient identification number and study identification number is retained for up to 10 business days post‐hospital discharge to allow for clinical data collection, before this is destroyed and the patients become permanently de‐identified. Samples are transported for external liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis in batches once de‐identified.ResultsThe key outcome will be identification of any psychoactive drugs present in the blood sample, together with their respective concentration. This will be linked to the clinical effects, as well as being compared with the substance the patient believed they had taken.ConclusionWe consider the novel approach outlined forms a template for an early warning system for emerging drugs of concern, while also providing vital and comprehensive information on current drugs of abuse, their clinical effects and their impact on the health system.
Indications for fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock: Post‐hoc analyses of the CLASSIC trial
Authors: Bjerregaard Mads Rye , Hjortrup Peter Buhl , Perner Anders 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundFluid resuscitation is recommended in septic shock, but the specific indications for fluids have not been established. Our aim was to investigate the indications currently used for fluid resuscitation and the effect of fluid on these indications in patients with septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsThis was a post‐hoc analysis of the CLASSIC trial, where patients with septic shock were randomized to fluid restriction or standard care. We recorded indications for and effect of each fluid bolus during the first 24 hours.ResultsIn total, 256 fluid boluses were administered on 515 indications to the 76 patients in the standard care group. The most frequent indications were low blood pressure/increase in noradrenalin dose (199 boluses, 78%), high lactate (94, 37%), and low urinary output (68, 27%). While the analyses of all 418 fluid boluses given in all 151 patients failed to show any effect of fluid on these variables, the data did suggest that time from randomization altered the effect; fluid may have increased urinary output when given early and increased noradrenalin dose when given later. For 56% of the fluid boluses given on the most frequent indications, a second fluid bolus was given on the same indication.ConclusionsIn ICU patients with septic shock, low blood pressure, high lactate, and low urinary output were the most frequent indications for fluid. The effects of fluids when given on these indications were less clear, but may dependent on the time course of sepsis resuscitation.
Comparative hindlimb bone morphology in noctilionid fisher bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae), with emphasis onNoctilio leporinuspostnatal development
Authors: Celeita Juan Sebastian , Reyes‐Amaya Nicolás , Jerez Adriana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe hindlimbs allow bats to attach to the mother from birth, and roost during independent life. Despite the great morphological diversity in Chiroptera, the hindlimbs morphology and its postnatal development have been poorly studied. Postnatal development of hindlimbs inNoctilio leporinusis described, further comparing the morphology of adults with that ofNoctilio albiventrisand previously reported species (Desmodus rotundus,Artibeus lituratus,Molossus molossus). The ossification ending sequence at autopodium elements ofN. leporinusdoes not follow the distal to proximal directional sequence described forD. rotundus, exhibiting a heterochronic delayed ossification ending for the digits ofN. leporinusregarding other hindlimb elements, associated with the bigger relative autopodium size of this fisher bat regarding other bat species. Noctilionid bats share the same adult hindlimb bone morphology, except for differences at hindlimb proportions and calcar ossification degree. There are differences in the number and position of bony processes, slots and sesamoids of adult noctilionid fisher bats regarding previously reported species; most differences are concentrated at the autopodium and are related to an increased surface for muscular insertion and the structural support of claws. These facts seem to be closely associated with functional demands of the feeding strategy of noctilionid fisher bats.
The structure of the muscular and nervous systems of the male Intoshialinei (Orthonectida)
Authors: Slyusarev George S. , Nesterenko Maksim A. , Starunov Viktor V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOrthonectida is a small group of parasites, which, according to recent studies, may be phylogenetically close to Annelida. Here, we describe the musculature and serotonin‐like immunoreactive (SLIR) nervous system of male adults of Intoshia linei (Orthonectida) using immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The whole muscular system consists of four outer longitudinal and eight pairs of inner semicircular muscle fibres. Immunohistochemistry revealed six serotonin‐like cells at the anterior part of the body, and two backward lateral longitudinal nerves, merging at the posterior end. Compared to females, the organization of the nervous system is modified and its progenetic origin seems unlikely. The general neuromuscular organization corresponds to the pattern of small‐sized annelids, suggesting their possible phylogenetic affinity. Free‐living males and females of the orthonectid I. linei may present a good example of a highly simplified Bilaterian with fully functioning nervous and muscular systems. This simplicity is secondary and is caused by two factors—the parasitic life style and miniaturization of free‐living sexual stages.
Pushing the boundaries: Uterine transplantation and the limits of reproductive autonomy
Authors: O’Donovan Laura 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOver the course of recent years, various scientific advances in the realm of reproduction have changed the reproductive landscape, enhancing women’s procreative rights and the choices available to them. Uterus transplants (UTx) are the latest of such medical innovations aimed at restoring fertility in women suffering from absolute uterine factor infertility, providing them with the possibility not only of conceiving a genetically related child but also of gestating their own pregnancies. This paper critically examines the primacy of reproductive liberty in the context of uterus transplantation. It questions whether and to what extent we should respect the reproductive autonomy of a woman who chooses UTx, given the significant risks that attach to the procedure and existing concerns that UTx may perpetuate potentially troubling gendered norms surrounding pregnancy and the role of women’s bodies in reproduction, which may place undue reproductive pressures on women.
Spatial distribution of maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence: An ecological analysis to identify high‐risk areas
Authors: de Macedo Bernardino Ítalo , da Nóbrega Lorena Marques , da Silva José Régis Cordeiro , de Medeiros Carmen Lúcia Soares Gomes , de Olinda Ricardo Alves , d’Ávila Sérgio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the spatial and spatial‐temporal distribution of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence, as well as to identify underlying disparities at regional level through a geostatistical approach.MethodsThis was a historical ecological cohort study of trauma cases caused by urban violence using aggregate data from victims assisted in a Brazilian medical‐forensic service between January 2012 and December 2015. The longitudinal patterns of change observed in each geographic area (neighbourhoods) were evaluated using the finite mixture model (FMM). The spatial autocorrelation of events was investigated using the Getis‐Ord Indicator (Gi*) to identify significant hot and cold spatial clusters. With a spatial regression model, it was also found when socioeconomic variables, residential infrastructure and neighbourhood infrastructure were associated with high incidence rates. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe finite mixture model revealed three different patterns of longitudinal trajectory of the incidence of oral and maxillofacial trauma caused by urban violence (TP1 to TP3, P < 0.05). TP1 was characterized by an incidence that remained stable and high over time, comprising 17.4% of the city's neighbourhoods. In TP2, it was observed that the incidence was moderate, with a slightly increasing trend in the last year evaluated, representing around 41.8% of the sample. In contrast, in TP3, it was found that the incidence was relatively low and remained stable over time, accounting for about 40.8% of the sample. The Getis‐Ord (Gi*) statistic identified significant high‐risk clusters in the western (P < 0.05), southern (P < 0.05), and eastern regions (P < 0.05) and low risk in the northern region (P < 0.05). The spatial regression model indicated significant association between areas with unfavourable socioeconomic conditions and higher incidence of events (β = 0.178, SE = 0.046, P < 0.001).ConclusionsClusters demarcating areas with high socio‐spatial vulnerability for urban violence and oral and maxillofacial injuries were identified. The findings highlight the need to improve living conditions in segregated urban areas and develop intersectoral actions to improve living conditions, employment, public safety, social support, health care and prevention.
Visual Statistical Learning With Stimuli Presented Sequentially Across Space and Time in Deaf and Hearing Adults
Authors: Giustolisi Beatrice , Emmorey Karen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigated visual statistical learning (VSL) in 24 deaf signers and 24 hearing non‐signers. Previous research with hearing individuals suggests that SL mechanisms support literacy. Our first goal was to assess whether VSL was associated with reading ability in deaf individuals, and whether this relation was sustained by a link between VSL and sign language skill. Our second goal was to test the Auditory Scaffolding Hypothesis, which makes the prediction that deaf people should be impaired in sequential processing tasks. For the VSL task, we adopted a modified version of the triplet learning paradigm, with stimuli presented sequentially across space and time. Results revealed that measures of sign language skill (sentence comprehension/repetition) did not correlate with VSL scores, possibly due to the sequential nature of our VSL task. Reading comprehension scores (PIAT‐R) were a significant predictor of VSL accuracy in hearing but not deaf people. This finding might be due to the sequential nature of the VSL task and to a less salient role of the sequential orthography‐to‐phonology mapping in deaf readers compared to hearing readers. The two groups did not differ in VSL scores. However, when reading ability was taken into account, VSL scores were higher for the deaf group than the hearing group. Overall, this evidence is inconsistent with the Auditory Scaffolding Hypothesis, suggesting that humans can develop efficient sequencing abilities even in the absence of sound.
Interobserver reliability in the interpretation of three‐dimensional gait analysis in children with gait disorders
Authors: Wang Kemble K , Stout Jean L , Ries Andrew J , Novacheck Tom F 
Published: October 2018

AimTo assess interobserver reliability in the interpretation of three‐dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) of children with gait disorders within a single institution.MethodSeven experienced interpreters in our institution participated in a quality‐assurance program reviewing one unique patient's 3DGA data every 3 months. Between 2014 and 2017, 15 patients’ data were interpreted (14 with spastic cerebral palsy, 1 with myelodysplasia). Interpreters were asked to select ‘yes’, ‘no’, or ‘indeterminate’ from a list of problems and treatment recommendations. Kappa and percent agreement calculations were performed to evaluate consistency.ResultsAverage percentage agreement in problem identification and treatment recommendation was greater than 84 percent and 90 percent for all interpreters respectively. Average kappa for the 10 most consistently identified problems and recommended treatments were 0.69 and 0.59 respectively. Interpreter consistency was moderate or better for the most commonly performed operations at our institution (0.44–0.59). Sagittal plane abnormalities of the hip and knee had the highest consistency.InterpretationWhen institutional differences in data collection and regional variations in management philosophies are removed, interobserver consistency in 3DGA interpretation is moderate to substantial for many commonly selected items. Identification of areas with poor consistency may help address underlying causes and improve data processes.What this paper adds

Consistency in three‐dimensional gait analysis interpretation and treatment recommendation is high within a single institution.

There is moderate or better consistency for most commonly identified problems and recommended treatments.

Sagittal plane problem identification of the hip and knee have the highest consistency.

Lower consistency is seen in areas with poor objective measures, such as dystonia and balance.
On structural change, the social stress of a farming population, and the political economy of farm support
Authors: Stark Oded , Fałkowski Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA rationale for providing support to the farm sector in the course of economic development and structural change is a growing gap between the incomes of non‐agricultural workers and the incomes of farmers. Drawing on a model that enables us to analyze the level of social stress experienced by farmers as employment shifts from the farm sector to other sectors, we find that even without an increasing gap between the incomes of non‐agricultural workers and the incomes of farmers, support to farmers might be needed/can be justified. This result arises because under well‐specified conditions, when the size of the farm population decreases, those who remain in farming experience increasing aggregate social stress. The increase is nonlinear: it is modest when the outflow from the farm sector is relatively small or when it is large, and it becomes more significant when the outflow is moderate. This finding can inform policymakers who seek to alleviate the social stress of the farming population as to the timing and intensity of that intervention.
Swimming performance of brown trout and grayling show species‐specific responses to changes in temperature
Authors: Taugbøl Annette , Olstad Kjetil , Bærum Kim Magnus , Museth Jon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFishways have historically been constructed to restore and preserve the ecological connectivity for fish in fragmented rivers. However, the fishways are often selective on species due to different size and swimming capacity. As the proportion of dammed rivers is still increasing, there is a growing need for more information on wild fish and their migration potential. In this study, we compared the swimming capacity of wild caught brown trout (Salmo trutta) and European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) until the fish were exhausted in a critical swimming speed (Ucrit) test, under three different naturally occurring stream temperatures in Norway: 1.7, 5.5 and 10°C. The results indicated that trout swim better at the warmer temperatures than at colder temperatures. The grayling showed consistent swimming patterns with little variation across all tested temperatures. The results therefore signify the need to have operational fishways already early in the spring when the grayling migration starts and highlight the need for more studies on fish migration abilities across a wider range of species and seasons.
On the neglected behavioural variation among neighbouring primate groups
Authors: van de Waal Erica 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBehavioural variation in primates has been well studied at the level of individuals by behavioural ecologists, and more recently at a population level by cultural biologists. Behavioural differences between groups of the same population, however, have rarely been considered. Here, I review intergroup variation in universally occurring behaviours between up to six neighbouring groups of vervet monkeys. Group differences have been found in several domains including foraging, conflicts, grooming and proximity. An exclusively ecological explanation for the observed variation appears implausible, as these monkey groups have overlapping home ranges, and their ecology is therefore very similar. The presence of a genetic bias underlying the observed group differences is also implausible, as males disperse between groups at sexual maturity and multiple times within their lives creating a continuous gene flow between the six groups. This leaves socially learned group‐level traditions as the most plausible explanation. I discuss ways in which this working conclusion can be tested. The likely presence of group‐level traditions in close proximity, well known in humans, has rarely been considered for non‐human primates and adds an important dimension to research on conformity in non‐human cultures.