bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Chinese Children and Adolescents
Authors: Liu Anni , Xu Yunwen , Yan Qiong , Tong Lian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUpdating the worldwide prevalence estimates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has significant applications for the further study of ADHD. However, previous reviews included few samples of Chinese children and adolescents. To conduct a systematic review of ADHD prevalence in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan to determine the possible causes of the varied estimates in Chinese samples and to offer a reference for computing the worldwide pooled prevalence. We searched for PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, WANFANG DATA, and China Science Periodical Database databases with time and language restrictions. A total of 67 studies covering 642,266 Chinese children and adolescents were included. The prevalence estimates of ADHD in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan were 6.5%, 6.4%, and 4.2%, respectively, with a pooled estimate of 6.3%. Multivariate meta-regression analyses indicated that the year of data collection, age, and family socioeconomic status of the participants were significantly associated with the prevalence estimates. Our findings suggest that geographic location plays a limited role in the large variability of ADHD prevalence estimates. Instead, the variability may be explained primarily by the years of data collection, and children’s socioeconomic backgrounds, and methodological characteristics of studies.
The Impact of Ageing on 11C-Hydroxyephedrine Uptake in the Rat Heart
Authors: Werner Rudolf A. , Chen Xinyu , Maya Yoshifumi , Eissler Christoph , Hirano Mitsuru , Nose Naoko , Wakabayashi Hiroshi , Lapa Constantin , Javadi Mehrbod S. , Higuchi Takahiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe aimed to explore the impact of ageing on 11C-hydroxyephedrine (11C-HED) uptake in the healthy rat heart in a longitudinal setting. To investigate a potential cold mass effect, the influence of specific activity on cardiac 11C-HED uptake was evaluated: 11C-HED was synthesized by N-methylation of (−)-metaraminol as the free base (radiochemical purity >95%) and a wide range of specific activities (0.2–141.9 GBq/μmol) were prepared.11C-HED (48.7 ± 9.7MBq, ranged 0.2–60.4 μg/kg cold mass) was injected in healthy Wistar Rats. Dynamic 23-frame PET images were obtained over 30 min. Time activity curves were generated for the blood input function and myocardial tissue. Cardiac 11C-HED retention index (%/min) was calculated as myocardial tissue activity at 20–30 min divided by the integral of the blood activity curves. Additionally, the impact of ageing on myocardial 11C-HED uptake was investigated longitudinally by PET studies at different ages of healthy Wistar Rats. A dose-dependent reduction of cardiac 11C-HED uptake was observed: The estimated retention index as a marker of norepinephrine function decreased at a lower specific activity (higher amount of cold mass). This observed high affinity of 11C-HED to the neural norepinephrine transporter triggered a subsequent study: In a longitudinal setting, the 11C-HED retention index decreased with increasing age. An age-related decline of cardiac sympathetic innervation could be demonstrated. The herein observed cold mass effect might increase in succeeding scans and therefore, 11C-HED microPET studies should be planned with extreme caution if one single radiosynthesis is scheduled for multiple animals.
Low-tube-voltage combined with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V technique in CT venography of lower limb deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Chen Dan , Zhou Jiahui , Wang Peixi , Ge Quanxu , Xu Min , Qiu Wei , Li Xinnan , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study contains 2 arms: (1) the ASIR-V technique combined with low-tube-voltage in lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosis was investigated; and (2) CT venography and ultrasound results in DVT diagnosis were compared. For arm 1, 90 patients suspected of DVT were randomly divided into 3 groups (30/group): groups A and B were scanned under 100-kV with pre-set ASIR-V weights of 30% and 50% respectively; group C were scanned under 70-kV with a 50% weight. For arm 2, 75 patients were divided into 3 groups (25/group), each group was CT scanned as in arm 1 and then all subjects were examined by ultrasound. Groups A, B and C had 16, 14 and 17 patients diagnosed with DVTs, respectively. There was no significant difference in subjective ratings of image quality among all groups. The 70-kV protocol remarkably increased venous attenuation value while all groups had similar DVT attenuation value. Higher noise was observed in group C, the CNR however, was actually augmented due to elevated venous attenuations. More importantly, group C had significantly lower CTDIvol and DLP values. In conclusion, the 70-kV protocol is superior to the 100 kV protocols, which was supported by findings from the second arm study.
High-resolution radio imaging of two luminous quasars beyond redshift 4.5
Authors: Frey S. , Titov O. , Melnikov A. E. , de Vicente P. , Shu F. 
Published: July 2018

Context. Radio-loud active galactic nuclei in the early Universe are rare. The quasars J0906+6930 at redshift z = 5.47 and J2102+6015 at z = 4.57 stand out from the known sample with their compact emission on milliarcsecond (mas) angular scale with high (0.1 Jy level) flux densities measured at GHz radio frequencies. This makes them ideal targets for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations.
Aims. By means of VLBI imaging we can reveal the inner radio structure of quasars and model their brightness distribution to better understand the geometry of the jet and the physics of the sources.
Methods. We present sensitive high-resolution VLBI images of J0906+6930 and J2102+6015 at two observing frequencies, 2.3 and 8.6 GHz. The data were taken in an astrometric observing programme involving a global five-element radio telescope array. We combined the data from five different epochs from 2017 February to August.
Results. For one of the highest redshift blazars known, J0906+6930, we present the first-ever VLBI image obtained at a frequency below 8 GHz. Based on our images at 2.3 and 8.6 GHz, we confirm that this source has a sharply bent helical inner jet structure within ∼3 mas from the core. The quasar J2102+6015 shows an elongated radio structure in the east–west direction within the innermost ∼2 mas that can be described with a symmetric three-component brightness distribution model at 8.6 GHz. Because of their non-pointlike mas-scale structure, these sources are not ideal as astrometric reference objects. Our results demonstrate that VLBI observing programmes conducted primarily with astrometric or geodetic goals can be utilized for astrophysical purposes as well.
Double plasma-resonance surfaces in flare loops and radio zebra emission
Authors: Karlický M. , Yasnov L. 
Published: July 2018

Aims. The zebra structures observed in radio waves during solar flares are some of the most important structures used as diagnostics of solar flare plasmas. We here not only analyze the so-called double plasma-resonance (DPR) surfaces, but also estimate the effects of their form on the size of the zebra sources and brightness temperature.Methods. To compute the DPR surfaces, we used numerical and analytical methods.Results. We found that except for the case of a constant magnetic field across the loop, the DPR surfaces deviate from the constant plasma density surfaces. We found that the regime with a finite height scale has three forms of resonance surfaces depending on the magnetic field variation across the loop. This magnetic field variation also determines if in the generated zebra structure, an increase in gyro-harmonic number leads to an increase or decrease of the zebra stripe frequency. In the case with an infinite height scale, the resonance surfaces are parallel to the loop axis. Furthermore, we found that for highly polarized zebra structures that are generated at DPR surfaces close to the plasma frequency, the zebra emission is limited to the narrow escaping cone and the emitting source area increases with increasing viewing angle compared to the loop axis. Moreover, with increasing deviation of the DPR surfaces from those of constant density surfaces, the frequency bandwidth of the DPR emission increases and can cause the zebra stripes to overlap, which limits the zebra generation. For the zebra structures observed on 14 February 1999, 6 June 2000, and 1 August 2010 and the observed view perpendicular to the loop axis, we estimated that the brightness temperature is 3.67 × 1014K, 6.58 × 1013K, and 7.35 × 1015K, respectively. These brightness temperatures are much lower than those derived for the view along the loop axis (up to 1017K), and thus are more realistic. The area of the emitting source for coronal loops in the view perpendicular to the loop axis can be larger by several orders of magnitude than that in the view along the loop axis.
Therapie der End-of-Dose-Fluktuationen: Notwendigkeit eines individualisierten Vorgehens
Authors: Lingor Paul , Claßen Joseph , Herbst Heinz , Storch Alexander , Urban Peter , Wellach Ingmar , Jost Wolfgang H. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit einem idiopathischen Parkinsonsyndrom (IPS) weisen eine große Heterogenität an Symptomen und Komorbiditäten auf, die vor allem im fortgeschrittenen Stadium der Erkrankung eine individualisierte Therapiestrategie erfordern. Dies spiegelt sich auch in der Auswahl verschiedener Substanzklassen und Einzelwirkstoffe in der Therapie von End-of-Dose-Fluktuationen wider. Jede der verfügbaren Substanzen hat ein charakteristisches Wirkungs- und Nebenwirkungsprofil, welches bei der Anwendung berücksichtigt werden muss. Daher ist ein Austausch verschiedener Substanzen, auch unter medizin-ökonomischen Aspekten, nur bedingt möglich und erfordert sowohl die Berücksichtigung des therapeutischen Effektes als auch der Verträglichkeit beim einzelnen Patienten.
Klostermedizin – Heilwissen aus der Antike bis ins heutige Asien
Authors: Gottfried Mayer Johannes 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDie Klostermedizin umfasst eine medizingeschichtliche Epoche, die auf die Regel des Heiligen Benedikt zurückgeht. Die Klöster entwickelten sich zum Ort medizinischer Versorgung. Mit Schriften der Antike als Vorbild, waren die Humoralpathologie und die vier Primärqualitäten die zentralen heilkundlichen Ansätze der Klostermedizin. Abhängig von den Primärqualitäten einer Erkrankung setzt man in der Klostermedizin Heilpflanzen mit jeweils gegenteiligen Qualitäten zur Behandlung ein.
Gutartige Parotistumore: moderne Therapiekonzepte
Authors: Grosheva Maria , Klußmann Jens Peter , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungBei gutartigen Parotistumoren ist es ein vorrangiges Behandlungsziel, die Morbidität des operativen Eingriffs zu senken. Standardisiertes intraoperatives
Vorgehen und Verfahren zur Minimierung des Operationsumfangs konnten das Risiko einer bleibenden Fazialisparese deutlich senken. Aktuelle evidenzbasierte
Therapieverfahren und mögliche Komplikationen nach Parotidektomie werden in diesem Beitrag näher erläutert.
Was wollen die jungen Chirurgen?
Authors: Roeth Anjali A. , Mille Markus 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungUm dem Mangel an chirurgischen Fachärzten entgegenzuwirken, muss man sich fragen, was der chirurgische Nachwuchs eigentlich will und wie man die Faszination des
Faches Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie unterstreichen kann. Die Chirurgische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Junge Chirurgen (CAJC) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV) hat die Kernpunkte eines attraktiven chirurgischen Arbeitsplatzes gegliedert und zusammengefasst und bietet so
Lösungsansätze. Auf der einen Seite steht die strukturierte und transparente Weiterbildung, die ein festes Weiterbildungscurriculum, die Assistenz von
Teilschritten einer OP, regelmäßige Weiterbildungsgespräche, das Führen eines Logbuches, innerklinische Übungsmöglichkeiten sowie die Freistellung zu
Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen beinhalten sollte. Hand in Hand damit geht eine „lebenswerte Chirurgie“, die sich durch die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf, eine
bessere Planung des Klinikalltags, eine positive Feedback-Kultur, Work-Life-Balance, neue Arbeits(zeit)modelle sowie mehr Zeit für Lehre und Forschung
auszeichnet. Bei vielen dieser Punkte sollte der Chefarzt zentralen Vorbildcharakter übernehmen und dadurch den Grundstein für einen Strukturwandel innerhalb
der Klinik legen, besonders da viele Punkte leicht umzusetzen sind. So kann die Attraktivität der Faches Chirurgie schnell gesteigert werden und eine
„lebenswerte Chirurgie“ gelebt werden.
Visualization of von Willebrand Factor Multimers by Enzyme-Conjugated Secondary Antibodies
Authors: Brosstad F , Kjønniksen Inge , Rønning B , Stormorken H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA method for visualization of the multimeric forms of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) in plasma and platelets is described. The method is based upon: 1) Separation of the vWF multimers by SDS-agarose electrophoresis, 2) Subsequent blotting of the vWF multimers onto nitrocellulose, 3) Immunolocalization and visualization of the vWF pattern by the sequential incubation of the blot with a) primary vWF antiserum, b) peroxidase- or beta-galactosidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and a relevant chromogenic substrate.
Purification of Urokinase from Complex Mixtures Using Immobilized Monoclonal Antibody Against Urokinase Light Chain
Authors: Vetterlein David , Calton Gary J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe preparation of a monoclonal antibody (MAB) against high molecular weight (HMW) urokinase light chain (20,000 Mr) is described. This MAB was immobilized and the resulting immunosorbent was used to isolate urokinase starting with an impure commercial preparation, fresh urine, spent tissue culture media, or E. coli broth without preliminary dialysis or concentration steps. Monospecific antibodies appear to provide a rapid single step method of purifying urokinase, in high yield, from a variety of biological fluids.
Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol Administration on Platelet Function in Man
Authors: Steiner M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of vitamin E administration on platelet function was evaluated in a group of normal, healthy volunteers. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen, ADP and epinephrine and platelet adhesion to collagen were measured at weekly intervals in 20 men and 27 women divided into 3 experimental groups of 12 individuals each and one control group of 5 men and 6 women. One experimental group was on a 6-week regimen of vitamin E in increasing dosages (4001.U.-1.2001.U.), the second group received aspirin, 300 mg every other day, and the third group was on a combination of vitamin E and aspirin. In the control group, platelet function was measured at weekly intervals. In women, vitamin E by itself produced a small but significant reduction of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. A similar trend was seen in men. However, the reduction never reached statistical significance. Adhesiveness to collagen was not affected by aspirin ingestion but showed a highly significant reduction in vitamin E and vitamin E + aspirin treated individuals. These results suggest that vitamin E administration could have a beneficial effect in patients suffering from arterial thromboembolic diseases.
The Clearance of Human Fibrinogen Fragments X and Y in Mice: A Process Mediated by the Fragment D Receptor
Authors: Pasqua John J , Pizzo Salvatore V 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe clearance of radiolabeled human fibrinogen fragments X and Y was studied in the mouse model. Fragment X cleared rapidly from the circulation with less than 10% of the ligand remaining in the circulation at 4 hr. The clearance of fragment Y was somewhat slower, but was identical to the rate of clearance of fragment D,. Competition studies indicated that fragments X, Y, D, and D! dimer clear via the same, saturable pathway. Fragment E did not compete for the clearance of these ligands. Tissue distribution studies demonstrated that the liver was the principal site of clearance of all three ligands. The kidneys also cleared a fraction of each ligand in the order fragment D3>D2>D1 >Y>X. This pattern suggests that renal clearance is a passive phenomenon dependent on the size of the fibrinogen degradation product.
Influence of Platelet Activation on Erythrocyte Deformability
Authors: Palinski W , Torsellini A , Doni L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryErythrocyte deformability was demonstrated to be influenced by platelet activation. Deformability of erythrocytes suspended in autologous platelet poor plasma (PPP), obtained from platelet rich plasma (PRP), was significantly reduced when PRP had previously been incubated with a platelet activating substance (arachidonic acid, adrenaline or ADP). The possibility of a direct influence of the activating substance on erythrocyte deformability was examined and malondialdehyde formation was determined as an indicator of platelet activation. Erythrocyte deformability was not impaired when endoperoxide formation in platelets was blocked by an inhibitor of cyclooxigenase (acetylsalicylic acid). Plasma viscosity was not influenced by platelet activation as demonstrated by filtration and viscosimetry. Recent studies showed that prostacyclin (PGI2) increases erythrocyte deformability (1). The antagonistic action between prostacyclin released by vessel walls and products of platelet metabolism being well known, we discuss possible mechanisms of this effect and pathophysiological relevance of our results.
Purification of High Molecular Weight Urokinase from Human Urine and Comparative Study of Two Active Forms of Urokinase
Authors: Shibatani Takeji , Kakimoto Toshio , Chibata Ichiro 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn improved method for the purification of high molecular weight urokinase to homogeneity from human urine was established. A yield of 32% with a 3,100-fold purification was obtained by Hyflo Super-Cel treatment, heat treatment at 60° C for 10 hr, serial column chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and 0-[3-(p-sulfophenylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl]-cellulose (SFOP-cellulose), and gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 54. The low molecular weight form of urokinase was also purified to homogeneity by chromatography on hydroxyl apatite and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 after the SFOP-cellulose column step. The high molecular weight urokinase had only one isoelectric form with a pi of 9.7, whereas the low molecular weight form had six isoelectric subforms with pi values between 9.4 and 6.4. The absorption coefficients at 280 nm of both urokinase forms were 13.61 and 13.50, respectively. Fibrinolytic and esterolytic activities of the two urokinase forms were compared in various assay methods.
Reduction of Gastric Haemorrhage by Fibrinolysis Inhibition – An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Stenberg Björn , Karlsson Lilian , Alpsten Magne , Risberg Bo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryGastric ulcerations were induced in rats by pyloric ligature and instillation of 1.0 N HCl. After four hours all rats had developed ulcerations. Increased release of plasminogen activators from the mucosa during these conditions has previously been demonstrated. In the present study we investigated the role of fibrinolysis inhibition versus Hz-receptor blockade on the gastric bleeding. Tranexamic acid – a synthetic inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system – was found to significantly (p <0.01) reduce blood loss into the gastric juice by 30% measured by 51Cr labelled red blood cells; cimetidine did not reduce the gastric haemorrhage under the experimental conditions used. Both treatment regimes significantly (p <0.02) reduced the secretion of gastric juice. These results indicate a contribution of the fibrinolytic system in gastric bleeding from experimentally induced gastric ulcerations.
Interaction of Heparin with Lipoproteins – Role of the Complex in the Inactivation of Thrombin and Plasmin
Authors: Kecskés E , Büki K G , Bauer P I , Machovich R , Horváth I 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHeparin forms a complex with human low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the presence of Ca2+. The complex is dissociable by 0.5 M NaCI. Thrombin and plasmin causes the dissociation of the LDL-heparin complex, whereas factor Xa does not. Heparin, complexed with LDL, retains its enhancing effect on the rate of thrombin and plasmin inactivation by antithrombin III. LDL isolated from the plasma of persons with different pathological conditions did not alter the rate of thrombin inactivation by antithrombin III either in the absence or in the presence of heparin. Heparin seems to maintain its biological functions when it is in a complex with LDL.
The Effect of Serotonin Inhibition on Initial Microvessel Hemostasis and Platelet Aggregation In Vivo
Authors: Bergqvist D , Arvidsson S , Esquivel C O , Lindblad B , Haglund U 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe role of serotonin (5-HT) in initial microvascular hemostasis is not fully understood. This study was made to evaluate the effect on hemostatic plug formation and laser-induced arteriolar microembolism of different substances which counteract the effect of 5-HT. Hemostatic plug formation time and stability was measured in the rabbit mesenteric microcirculation and laserinduced embolism in the rabbit ear chamber. Ketanserine, a selective 5-HT2-receptor blocker shortened arteriolar hemostatic plug formation time. Dihydroergotamine, an unselective blocker (with 5-HT- and α-adrenergic receptor affinity) increased venular hemostatic plug formation time and also decreased the hemostatic plug stability. Laser-induced platelet embolism was unaltered after both ketanserine and dihydroergotamine administration. The magnitude of these changes seems to exclude an important effect of 5-HT in initial microvessel hemostasis or on platelet activity.
Effects of Ticlopidine and Aspirin on Endotoxin-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Rats
Authors: Yoshikawa T , Murakami M , Furukawa Y , Takemura S , Kondo M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effects of ticlopidine and aspirin on endotoxin-induced experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were studied in rats. Experimental DIC was induced by a 4 hr sustained infusion of endotoxin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with ticlopidine at 2.0, 20.0, 50.0, 100.0 or 200.0 mg/kg, or aspirin at 0.03, 0.3, 3.0 or 30.0 mg/kg, followed by the continuous infusion of 100 mg/kg/4 hr of endotoxin. A preventive effect against DIC was noted in all the parameters, such as fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP), fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), platelet count and the number of renal glomeruli with fibrin thrombi, in the rats treated with 20.0, 50.0, 100.0 or mg/kg of ticlopidine. Although a preventive effect was also noted in FDP, PTT, platelet count and the number of glomeruli with thrombi in rats treated with 0.03 or 0.3 mg/kg of aspirin, this agent was less effective than ticlopidine.
On the Interaction Between Human Plasma Kallikrein and C1-Esterase Inhibitor
Authors: Nilsson Torbjörn 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe kinetics of the reaction between human plasma kallikrein and CĪ-esterase inhibitor was studied in a purified system. By monitoring the inhibition reaction for extended periods of time, it was found to proceed in two consecutive steps, a fast reversible second-order binding step followed by a slower, irreversible first-order transition. The rate constants in this reaction model were determined, as well as the dissociation constant of the initial, reversible enzyme-inhibitor complex. Thus, at 37° C the second-order rate constant was found to be 5 · 104 M -1 · s-1, the first order rate constant was 5 · 10-4 s-1 and the dissociation constant K was 1.5 · 10-8 M. Heparin (28 U/ml) and 6-aminohexanoic acid (10 mM) had no effect on the k1 of the of the reaction.