bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The beta‐adrenergic receptor agonist, terbutaline, reduces UVB‐induced mechanical sensitization in humans
Authors: Loeser J. , Blunk J.A. , Ruschulte H. , Knitsch J. , Karst M. , Hucho T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesPreviously, we found in cultures of primary neurons and in animals that sensitized primary neurons can be desensitized by treatment with e.g. beta‐adrenergic receptor agonists. We now tested whether also in human sensitization such as UVB‐radiation induced sunburn‐like hyperalgesia can be reduced by intradermal injection of the beta‐adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline.MethodsIn our prospective randomized study, 17 participants received an individual UVB dose to cause a defined local sunburn‐like erythema at four locations, two on each forearm. Twenty‐four hours later, the sensitized four areas were injected intradermally with terbutaline pH 4.3, terbutaline pH 7.0, saline pH 4.3 or saline pH 7.0, respectively. Pain thresholds were examined before and after induction of UVB‐sensitization, and 15, 30 and 60 min after injection of the respective solution. Mechanical pain thresholds of the skin and of deeper tissues were determined by pinprick and pressure algometer measurements, respectively.ResultsUVB‐irradiation decreased mechanical pain thresholds for pinprick and pressure algometer measurements demonstrating a successful sunburn‐like sensitization. Intradermal injection of terbutaline pH 7.0 into the sensitized skin reduced the sensitization for all measured timepoints as determined by pinprick measurements. Pinprick measurements of sensitization were not reduced by injection of terbutaline pH 4.3, saline solution pH 7.0 or saline solution pH 4.3. Also, sensitization of deeper tissue nociceptors were not altered by any of the injections as measured with the pressure algometer.ConclusionsSimilar to our cellular observations, also in humans beta‐adrenergic agonists such as terbutaline can reduce the sensitization of primary neurons in the skin.SignificanceWe previously showed in model systems that beta‐adrenergic stimulation can not only sensitize but also desensitize nociceptors. Our study shows that also in humans beta‐adrenergic agonists desensitize if injected into UVB‐sensitized skin. This indicates an analgesic activity of adrenergic agonists in addition to their vasoconstrictory function.
Age‐dependent determinants of antipsychotic use among newly admitted residents of skilled nursing facilities: A population‐based study
Authors: Jester Dylan J. , Hyer Kathryn , Molinari Victor , Andel Ross , Rozek Ellen 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo assess factors related to antipsychotic (AP) use in skilled nursing facilities for newly admitted residents aged 18 to 49, 50 to 64, 65 to 84, and 85 years or older.MethodsRetrospective, population‐level, Minimum Data Set (MDS) 2.0 data from the United States during the year of 2009 were used. Over 1 million residents were included. Fourteen clinically relevant variables were identified through a literature search. Antipsychotic use was defined as APs dispensed daily for the prior 7 days. Logistic regression was used to identify clinically relevant variables, which were then ranked based on magnitude of their association with APs.ResultsBipolar disorder and schizophrenia were consistently related to AP use across age groups. For older age groups, off‐label indications such as cognitive impairment, dementia, behavioral symptoms, and physical restraint use were more closely related to AP use, while delusions and hallucinations decreased in strength. Higher proportions of APs were found in all diseases and symptoms in nonelderly adults, with the exception of physical restraint use. Concurrent physical restraint and AP use was highest for older adults aged 65 to 84 at 36%.ConclusionsCorrelates of AP use varied by age, with stronger associations between on‐label conditions and AP use among younger adults and off‐label conditions among older adults. Several less conventional determinants, namely, Parkinson disease, traumatic brain injury, and the use of physical restraints were identified to increase the likelihood of AP use. This study highlights the importance of monitoring for adverse effects for residents of all ages.
Front Cover: Ultraviolet radiation oxidative stress affects eye health (J. Biophotonics 7/2018)
Authors: Ivanov Iliya V. , Mappes Timo , Schaupp Patrick , Lappe Christian , Wahl Siegfried 
Published: July 2018

The role of ultraviolet radiation in oxidative stress‐related ocular pathologies is less known than its role in skin cancer. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation is associated with increased oxidative stress in eye tissues, which may promote the development of photokeratitis, cataract, and retinal damages. Children are especially vulnerable: large pupils, transparent ocular media. Efficient everyday protection of the eye should be considered from early age. (Image: with permission from Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany)Further details can be found in the article by Iliya V. Ivanov, Timo Mappes, Patrick Schaupp, et al. (e201700377).
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Inside Front Cover: Near‐infrared bone densitometry: A feasibility study on distal radius measurement (J. Biophotonics 7/2018)
Authors: Chung Chun , Chen Yu‐Pin , Leu Tsai‐Hsueh , Sun Chia‐Wei 
Published: July 2018

This study provides a simple method to detect human distal radius bone density based on near infrared (NIR) imaging. The information of bone mineral density can be measured by transluminational optical bone densitometric system. Compared to dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) results in clinical trial, NIR images show a strong correlation to DXA.Further details can be found in the article by Chun Chung, Yu‐Pin Chen, Tsai‐Hsueh Leu, and Chia‐Wei Sun (e201700342).
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Inside Back Cover: The conformation of bovine serum albumin adsorbed to the surface of single all‐dielectric nanoparticles following light‐induced heating (J. Biophotonics 7/2018)
Authors: Krasilin Andrei A. , Volodina Katerina , Sukhova Arina A. , Petrov Mihail I. , Zuev Dmitry A. , Dyachuk Vyacheslav A. , Milichko Valentin A. 
Published: July 2018

Germanium vs Silicon: All‐dielectric nanoparticles provides the heat resistance for proteins under light‐induced heating.Further details can be found in the article by Andrei A. Krasilin et al. (e201700322)
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Study on the potential way of hepatic cytotoxicity of N,N‐dimethylformamide
Authors: Li Shiqing , Wang Cui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe intermediate metabolites and redox status imbalance were supported as the two major points for N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)‐induced hepatotoxicity. However, the potential mechanism has not yet been concerned. By applying two inhibitors, this study tried to seek the major role in DMF‐induced toxicity on HL7702 cell. We observed that DMF induced cell apoptosis through mitochondrial‐dependent and p53 pathway. Inhibition reactive oxygen species by catalase remarkably attenuated the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP), apoptotic proteins, and apoptosis. On the contrary, it reduced the biodegradation rate of DMF by coincubation with CYP2E1 antagonist (DDC) partially reduced late apoptosis. However, the change in MMP, the ratio of Bax to Bcl‐xl, and cleaved‐caspase 9 was not attenuated by DDC. The pathway in DDC coincubation groups was related to the p53 rather than the mitochondrial pathway. Restoring the redox balance during biodegradation is much more effective than attenuating the metabolite rate of DMF. This study may provide a suitable prevention method to occupational workers.
Romantic restorations in the Alhambra monument: Spectroscopic characterization of decorative plasterwork in the Royal Baths of Comares
Authors: Arjonilla Paz , Ayora‐Cañada María José , Rubio Domene Ramón , Correa Gómez Elena , de la Torre‐López María José , Domínguez‐Vidal Ana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe polychrome plasterwork decorations of the Room of the Beds in the Royal Bath of Comares of the Alhambra monumental ensemble have been studied using Raman microspectroscopy and complementary techniques. This area keeps the testimony of the controversial restorations carried out in the 19th century in an attempt to imitate the lost original appearance of the authentic Nasrid plasterwork. Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence have been employed to identify the pigments and extenders. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy has been used to gain additional information about the morphology of the painting layers. Additionally, infrared microspectroscopy provided insight into the nature of the organic materials employed as binders. Vermillion, synthetic ultramarine blue, hematite, and carbon black were clearly identified in red, blue, brown, and black decorations by Raman spectroscopy. Green decorations were executed with a copper‐arsenic pigment that could not be unambiguously identified although the presence of Raman bands typical of arsenate stretching bands could point to alteration processes of copper arsenite pigments. Regarding the execution technique, the pictorial layer was applied over a preparation layer of white lead that also contained barite using a proteinaceous binder. The presence of anglesite and other phases related to hydrocerussite alteration due to humidity and salts was also evidenced. Finally, a comparison of the materials found in this redecoration with those identified in original Nasrid decorations has been performed, revealing noticeable differences in both the materials and the execution technologies.
The Effect of Intramolecular Cross‐Linking on Polymer Interactions in Solution
Authors: Galant Or , Davidovich‐Pinhas Maya , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe conformation of a polymer in a solvent is typically defined by the solvent quality, which is a consequence of the solvent and macromolecule's chemistry. Yet, additional factors can affect the polymer conformation, such as non‐covalent interactions to surfaces or other macromolecules, affecting the amount of polymer–solvent interactions. Herein, chemically folded polymers with protein‐like architectures are studied and compared to their unfolded linear precursor in good solvents using rheology measurements. The current research reveals that permanent folding by intramolecular chemical cross‐linking limits the chain mobility and therefore causes a reduction in polymer–solvent interactions, making a good solvent become theta. This change not only affects the “solvent quality” but also leads to a change in particle–particle interactions as a function of concentration. These findings provide crucial insight into the effects of intramolecular cross‐links on macromolecule solubility and self‐assembly, which are critical for mimicking structurally similar biological materials.
Synthesis of Micrometer‐Size Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Particles by Utilizing Microsuspension Iodine Transfer Polymerization (ms ITP): Kinetic Approach
Authors: Okubo Masayoshi , Kitayama Yukiya , Yamashita Nobuko , Liu Xiang , Huang Chujuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn a previous work, microsuspension ITP (ms ITP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using iodoform (CHI3) as a chain transfer agent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator could be successfully carried out at 80 °C for the synthesis of micrometer‐size poly(MMA) (PMMA) particles without the byproduct of submicrometer‐size particles. Whereas, in microsuspension conventional radical polymerization (ms CRP) at the same conditions except for non‐use of CHI3, about half amount of PMMA was formed as submicrometer‐size byproduct particles by accompanying emulsion polymerization. In this article, kinetic simulations of ITP and CRP in bulk systems, which, respectively, correspond to those within MMA droplets in ms ITP and ms CRP, are performed using PREDICI software from CiTGmbH to understand the successful reason of the ms ITP of MMA. The simulation results of the ITP indicate that the concentrations of MMA oligomer radicals having BPO initiator fragment and vinyl group as end‐group, which seem to exit from MMA droplets and accompany emulsion polymerization in the aqueous medium in the ms CRP, remarkably decreased in the presence of CHI3. This strongly supports the idea “RED effect” proposed in the previous article to explain the success of the ms ITP of MMA.
Effect of combined translation and torsion on undrained uplift capacity of plate anchors: Plastic limit analysis (PLA) solution
Authors: Nouri Hamid Reza , Biscontin Giovanna , Aubeny Charles P. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryUplift capacity of plate anchors has been the focus of numerous studies, because anchor plates are designed for pull‐out in normal operating conditions. However, the response of plate anchors under 6‐degrees‐of‐freedom loading caused during extreme loading conditions is poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to propose a simple yet sufficiently accurate analytical solution to investigate the behavior of plate anchor under combined in‐plane translation and torsion and to evaluate its effect on the plate uplift bearing capacity. To this end, a modified plastic limit analysis (PLA) approach is introduced and compared with limit equilibrium and simplified upper bound baseline solutions. The proposed method is verified with 3‐dimensional finite element. The variables considered in this study include plate aspect ratio, plate thickness, as well as load direction and eccentricity. Results of analytical solutions indicate the insensitivity of the “shape” of the shear‐torsion yield envelope to plate thickness. This finding facilitates the use of simplified yet reasonable yield envelope for infinitely thin plate obtained from simplified PLA approach for other plate thicknesses. The “size” of the failure envelope (controlled by pure torsional and translational capacity) could be predicted fairly accurately by PLA and limit equilibrium methods. Combination of these analytical methods offers a simple yet reasonably accurate solution to describe shear‐torsion response of anchor plate. The obtained shear‐torsion yield envelope is then fitted in the generalized 6‐degrees‐of‐freedom yield surface which describes the reducing effect of moment, torsion, and planar forces on the uplift capacity of plate.
Seismic wave propagation in floating ice sheets – a comparison of numerical approaches and forward modelling
Authors: Landschulze Marcus 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTSeismic data processing collected from arctic sea ice is often challenging. Large amplitudes of coherent surface waves interfere with the reflected seismic waves and can make the reflection data virtually unusable. In order to understand this noise, forward modelling of the full wavefield is a useful approach. I present and test a forward modelling workflow by comparing the modelling results with common numerical approaches. The main differences between numerical curves and modelling results depend on simplifications in the assumptions of the numerical approaches. Forward modelling is less dependent on rough assumptions and can give a more accurate understanding of the surface wave propagation and its interaction with reflected waves. Furthermore, a thin elastic layer with high velocity located between two low velocity layers, like sea ice, generates guided waves. The numerical approaches focus only on the flexural waves and ignore other wave types. The presented results demonstrate that forward modelling can provide improved detail in the generated wavefield. In addition, the forward modelling results in this work show that leaky Rayleigh and Scholte waves can exist simultaneously.
Increased jejunal permeability in human obesity is revealed by a lipid challenge and is linked to inflammation and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Genser Laurent , Aguanno Doriane , Soula Hédi A , Dong Liping , Trystram Laurence , Assmann Karen , Salem Joe‐Elie , Vaillant Jean‐Christophe , Oppert Jean‐Michel , Laugerette Fabienne , Michalski Marie‐Caroline , Wind Philippe , Rousset Monique , Brot‐Laroche Edith , Leturque Armelle , Clément Karine , Thenet Sophie , Poitou Christine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObesity and its metabolic complications are characterized by subclinical systemic and tissue inflammation. In rodent models of obesity, inflammation and metabolic impairments are linked with intestinal barrier damage. However, whether intestinal permeability is altered in human obesity remains to be investigated. In a cohort of 122 severely obese and non‐obese patients, we analyzed intestinal barrier function combining in vivo and ex vivo investigations. We found tight junction impairments in the jejunal epithelium of obese patients, evidenced by a reduction of occludin and tricellulin. Serum levels of zonulin and LPS binding protein, two markers usually associated with intestinal barrier alterations, were also increased in obese patients. Intestinal permeability per se was assessed in vivo by quantification of urinary lactitol/mannitol (L/M) and measured directly ex vivo on jejunal samples in Ussing chambers. In the fasting condition, L/M ratio and jejunal permeability were not significantly different between obese and non‐obese patients, but high jejunal permeability to small molecules (0.4 kDa) was associated with systemic inflammation within the obese cohort. Altogether, these results suggest that intestinal barrier function is subtly compromised in obese patients. We thus tested whether this barrier impairment could be exacerbated by dietary lipids. To this end, we challenged jejunal samples with lipid micelles and showed that a single exposure increased permeability to macromolecules (4 kDa). Jejunal permeability after the lipid load was two‐fold higher in obese patients compared to non‐obese controls and correlated with systemic and intestinal inflammation. Moreover, lipid‐induced permeability was an explicative variable of type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, intestinal barrier defects are present in human severe obesity and exacerbated by a lipid challenge. This paves the way to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to modulate intestinal barrier function or personalize nutrition therapy to decrease lipid‐induced jejunal leakage in metabolic diseases. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductive films of sonicated multiwall carbon nanotubes on stretchable substrates
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Wu Rui‐Rui , Zhen Qi‐Ye , Lee Dong‐Joo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConductive films were prepared on stretchable substrates by mixing sonicated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with room‐temperature‐vulcanized silicone rubber. Microscopic investigations show a broad range of MWCNT particles with diameters in the range 15–17 nm, lengths from a few nanometers to a few micrometers, and thus a high aspect ratio of 55–70. The sonicated MWCNTs have 40 wrapped graphene layers and an out‐of‐plane correlation length of 13 nm. Also, the grain size of the dispersed sonicated MWCNTs is around 35 nm, and the roughness is around 13.5 nm. At 3 phr, the modulus is higher for the MWCNTs (5.95 MPa). The electrical resistance of the MWCNTs is as low as 180 Ω at 3 phr. These improvements were introduced in an actuator and energy harvester for industrial applications. The actuator shows a displacement of 2.18 mm at 10 kV. At 60% strain, the energy harvesting is 1.07 V during compressive strain and 0.015 V during tensile strain. From durability tests under 30% compressive strain, the voltage drops from the energy harvesting device are negligible for up to 3000 cycles. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A proposal for a new PhD level curriculum on quantitative methods for drug development
Authors: Jaki T. , Gordon A. , Forster P. , Bijnens L. , Bornkamp B. , Brannath W. , Fontana R. , Gasparini M. , Hampson L.V. , Jacobs T. , Jones B. , Paoletti X. , Posch M. , Titman A. , Vonk R. , Koenig F. 
Published: July 2018

This paper provides an overview of “Improving Design, Evaluation and Analysis of early drug development Studies” (IDEAS), a European Commission–funded network bringing together leading academic institutions and small‐ to large‐sized pharmaceutical companies to train a cohort of graduate‐level medical statisticians. The network is composed of a diverse mix of public and private sector partners spread across Europe, which will host 14 early‐stage researchers for 36 months. IDEAS training activities are composed of a well‐rounded mixture of specialist methodological components and generic transferable skills. Particular attention is paid to fostering collaborations between researchers and supervisors, which span academia and the private sector. Within this paper, we review existing medical statistics programmes (MSc and PhD) and highlight the training they provide on skills relevant to drug development. Motivated by this review and our experiences with the IDEAS project, we propose a concept for a joint, harmonised European PhD programme to train statisticians in quantitative methods for drug development.
Implicit and explicit cross‐correlations in coupled data assimilation
Authors: Laloyaux Patrick , Frolov Sergey , Ménétrier Benjamin , Bonavita Massimo 
Published: July 2018

The European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts has recently developed an implicit coupling approach in the coupled atmosphere–ocean assimilation (CERA) system, where atmospheric 4D‐Var and ocean 3D‐Var are synchronized using multiple outer iterations in the incremental variational formulation. Since this original work on outer‐loop coupling, it has been unclear just how closely the CERA system with implicit coupled covariances approximates a strongly coupled data assimilation with ensemble‐based coupled covariances.A series of single‐observation experiments in a perfect twin framework has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of outer‐loop coupling and the amplitude of the implicit cross‐correlations between atmospheric and ocean temperature. They are compared against a coupled assimilation system that specifies cross‐correlations explicitly from an ensemble of coupled forecasts. We find that both the implicit outer‐loop and explicit ensemble‐based methods produce equally skilful estimates of the coupled state in the middle of a 24 hr assimilation window. Our estimates of the rate of outer‐loop convergence suggest that atmospheric and ocean states synchronize within the first 6–10 hr of the assimilation window. We conclude that outer‐loop coupling is effective when the window is long enough that original imbalances in the atmospheric and ocean increments can synchronize within the length of the assimilation window. On the other hand, we suggest that explicit coupling is preferable for data assimilation systems with short assimilation windows (e.g. 6 hr or less).