bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TIMP-1 promotes hypermigration of Toxoplasma-infected primary dendritic cells via CD63–ITGB1–FAK signaling
Authors: Ólafsson Einar B. , Ross Emily C. , Varas-Godoy Manuel , Barragan Antonio 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) exerts pleiotropic effects on cells including conferring metastatic properties to cancer cells. As for metastatic cells, recent paradigms of leukocyte migration attribute important roles to the amoeboid migration mode of dendritic cells (DCs) for rapid locomotion in tissues. However, the role of TIMP-1 in immune cell migration and in the context of infection has not been addressed. We report that, upon challenge with the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, primary DCs secrete TIMP-1 with implications for their migratory properties. Using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) gene silencing approach, we demonstrate that secreted TIMP-1 and its ligand CD63 are required for the onset of hypermotility in DCs challenged with T. gondii. Further, gene silencing and antibody blockade of the β1-integrin CD29 (ITGB1) inhibited DC hypermotility, indicating that signal transduction occurred via ITGB1. Finally, gene silencing of the ITGB1-associated focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2), as well as pharmacological antagonism of FAK and associated kinases SRC and PI3K, abrogated hypermotility. The present study identifies a TIMP-1–CD63–ITGB1–FAK signaling axis in primary DCs, which T. gondii hijacks to drive high-speed amoeboid migration of the vehicle cells that facilitate its systemic dissemination.
MRI-based assessment and characterization of epicardial and paracardial fat depots in the context of impaired glucose metabolism and subclinical left-ventricular alterations
Authors: Rado Sophia D , Lorbeer Roberto , Gatidis Sergios , Machann Jürgen , Storz Corinna , Nikolaou Konstantin , Rathmann Wolfgang , Hoffmann Udo , Peters Annette , Bamberg Fabian , Schlett Christopher L 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To analyze the associations between epicardial and paracardial fat and impaired glucose tolerance as well as left ventricular (LV) alterations.

Methods:
400 subjects underwent 3 T MRI and fat depots were delineated in the four chamber-view of the steady-state free precession cine sequence (repetition time: 29.97 ms; echo time 1.46 ms). LV parameters were also derived from MRI. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed.

Results:
Epi- and paracardial fat was derived in 372 (93%) subjects (220 healthy controls, 100 persons with prediabetes, 52 with diabetes). Epi- and paracardial fat increased from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to prediabetes and diabetes (7.7 vs 9.2 vs 10.3 cm2 and 14.3 vs 20.3 vs 27.4 cm2, respectively; all p &lt; 0.001). However, the association between impaired glucose metabolism and cardiac fat attenuated after adjustment, mainly confounded by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). 93 subjects (27%) had LV impairment, defined as late gadolinium enhancement, ejection fraction &lt; 55% or LV concentricity index &gt; 1.3 g ml−1 . Mean epicardial fat was higher in subjects with LV impairment (11.0 vs 8.1 cm2, p &lt; 0.001). This association remained independent after adjustment for traditional risk factors and VAT [β: 1.13 (0.22; 2.03), p = 0.02].

Conclusion:
Although epicardial and paracardial fat are increased in prediabetes and diabetes, the association is mostly confounded by VAT. Epicardial fat is independently associated with subclinical LV impairment in subjects without known cardiovascular disease.

Advances in knowledge:
This study contributes to the picture of epicardial fat as a pathogenic local fat depot that is independently associated with MR-derived markers of left ventricular alterations.
Comparison of Caffeine versus Theophylline for apnea of prematurity
Authors: Zulqarnain Arif , Hussain Muddasser , Suleri Khalid Munir , Ali Ch. Zafar 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To make a comparison between standard doses of theophylline and caffeine for the treatment of apnea of prematurity.
Methods: A randomised control trail was conducted in Department of Pediatrics Medicine Govt. Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College and Govt. Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot over duration of one year from August 2017 to August 2018 after approval from the hospital ethics committee. An informed consent in the form of written document was also taken from the parents of each infant participating in the study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Mean and SD was calculated for numerical data like gestational age and mean concentration of caffeine and theophylline. Frequency and percentages were calculated for categorical data like nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), supplemental oxyen and intrventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade I. Student t-test was applied in order to determine the significance of results. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: A total of 100 infants were enrolled in this study. This study was further divided into two equal groups by lottery method i.e. 50% in each, treated with Theophylline and Caffeine respectively. Mean apnea events/day in neonates administrated by theophylline was 1±0.1, 2±0.12, 2±1.1, 1±0.10 and 2±o.12 for 0, 1-3, 4-7, 8-14 and 15-21 days respectively. While, the mean apnea events/day in neonates administrated by Caffeine was 2±0.3, 1±0.22, 2±1.5, 1±0.13 and 2±0.14 for 0, 1-3, 4-7, 8-14 and 15-21 days respectively. The differences were statistically significant for 1-3 days and 4-7 days p<0.05 according to student t test.
Conclusion: Results of our study revealed that caffeine being more effective than Theophylline for treating apnea of prematurity.
How to cite this:Zulqarnain A, Hussain M, Suleri KM, Ali Ch. Z. Comparison of Caffeine versus Theophylline for apnea of prematurity. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):113-116. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.94
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela
Authors: Bermudez Valmore , Olivar Luis Carlos , Torres Wheeler , Navarro Carla , Gonzalez Robys , Espinoza Cristobal , Morocho Alicia , Mindiola Andres , Chacin Maricarmen , Arias Victor , Añez Roberto , Salazar Juan , Riaño-Garzon Manuel , Diaz-Camargo Edgar , Bautista Maria Judith , Rojas Joselyn 
Published: January 2019

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11–2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51–0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
Resenha Crítica do livro: Sociologia das organizações: conceitos, relatos e casos
Authors: Rigo Ariádne Scalfoni 
Published: January 2019

Resenha Crítica do livro: Sociologia das organizações: conceitos, relatos e casos.JAIME, P.; LUCIO, F. Sociologia das organizações: conceitos, relatos e casos. São Paulo: Cengage, 2017. 280 p.
The Role of STSG and Delayed Midline Approximation In Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Irwansyah Denny , Sudjatmiko Gentur 
Published: January 2019

Acquired abdominal wall defects can result from previous surgery, trauma, infection and tumor resection. Complex abdominal wall defects challenge both general and plastic reconstructive surgeons. Skin grafting of abdominal viscera was originally described by Horton in 1953, demonstrated in dogs that STSG placed on the parietal peritoneum of abdominal viscera and buried in the peritoneal cavity would take well and survive. In 1994, Baker and Millard Jr reported serial cases of abdominal midline wound dehiscence which was treated with two stage abdominal wall reconstruction.Data was taken from medical and surgical records of patients consulted to the plastic surgery division with and acquired abdominal defect. We are reporting, Male, 42 yo, previous history of Perforated appendicitis with general peritonitis. We performed 2 stage reconstruction of abdominal wall for this patient.Treatment for an abdominal defect is selected on the basis of several factors, including the medical status of the patient, wound bed preparedness, depth, size and location of the defect. The goals of abdominal reconstruction are restoration of function and integrity of the musculo-fascial abdominal wall, prevention of visceral eventeration and provision of dynamic muscle support.Skin grafting and delayed midline approximation are one of the reconstructive option available and deserve to be considered in the high risk, septic patient without compromising the patient final reconstructive result.
Management of Root Like Man: Case from Gatot Soebroto, The Indonesian Army National Hospital
Authors: Sundoro Ali , Supit Laureen , Surachman Asrofi S. , Adam Harun , Budiman Budiman , Guntoro Guntoro 
Published: January 2019

Background: Patients and clinicians experience the frustration of cutaneous viral warts due to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Verruca vulgaris, the common warts, appear in various forms at different body sites. Over 118 types of papilloma virus have been identified. The most common cutaneous warts are caused by types 1, 2, 4, 27, 57, and 19 HPV. The rare cases of generalized warts around the world are suspected to be caused by type 2 HPV. There are many treatment modalities for this disease but none is 100% effective yet. Patient and Method :We report a 39-year-old male with generalized warts on various body parts (scalp, forehead, trunk, arms, lower leg and foot). The team consist of plastic surgeons, dermatologist, psychiatrist, pathologist, medical rehabilitationist, and internist. The treatment goals were to remove all warts, prevent recurrence of the disease, and improve the immunological status of the patient. Serial excisions were performed and closure attained using a combination of primary sutures, skin grafts (split- and full-thickness), and skin flaps. 5 Fluorouracil was administered on the raw surfaces before closure. Staged excisions were performed 11 times, with 3-4 weeks interval over a1-year period. Interferon and cimetidine injection were also given to augment the immune system.Results : All lesions were successfully excised and reconstructed. On a few fingers, hypertrophic scar and minor contracture ensued after closure by skin graft. Patient is able to carry out daily living activities independently. Patient was profoundly delighted and his quality of life improved.Summary : Management of a rare generalized verruca vulgaris through a team approach, by multiple staged excision, 5-FU application before defect closure, combined with antiviral therapy, proved effective in a case.
The Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) Flaps in Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy
Authors: Parikesit Dyandra , Ashton Mark 
Published: January 2019

Background: The continuing advances in breast reconstruction surgery allows for high expectation of excellent outcomes and long-term aesthetic appearance. Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap has been the flap of choice in breast reconstructions for decades, however it sacrifices muscle and causes donor site complication. Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is now the preferred flap for microsurgical breast reconstruction, because it holds some advantages over TRAM. This study aim to review, summarize, and discuss the current knowledge of DIEP flap in breast reconstruction.Method: Literature research conducted through Pubmed, Medline, and SCOPUS databases for published articles up to the year 2009. A total of 808 articles were found, and 60 articles reviewed.Result: Women with thick subcutaneous fat and skin on the lower abdomen are the most appropriate candidates for autologous breast reconstruction. Patients might be given oral analgesics instead of intravenous, because DIEP results in less postoperative pain than TRAM. Patients are commonly discharged on the 6–7th day post operation after DIEP flaps. In spite of several reports that DIEP flap has low complication rates, necrosis is the most common and often leads to poor cosmetic outcome.Conclusion: DIEP flap essentially combines all the advantages of TRAM flap without most of its disadvantages. Some complications may occur in smaller percentage. Although DIEP flap has a high patient satisfaction score, it does not mean that it is definitely superior to other methods of autologous breast reconstruction.
Strategies to promote adoption and usage of an application to support asthma self-management: a qualitative observational study
Authors: Hui Chi Yan , McKinstry Brian , Walton Robert , Pinnock Hilary 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundApps can potentially support asthma self-management; however, attracting downloads and encouraging on-going adherence are challenging.ObjectivesWe observed the impact of different recruitment strategies and app features on adoption and continued use.MethodsPractice nurses in five practices in Lothian/Oxford approached adults with active asthma to try out a prototype app. We also advertised the app via social media (Asthma UK; AUK Centre for Applied Research). We observed patients’ download and retention rates and sent pre- and post-trial questionnaires. We sampled 15 patients for interviews before and after using our app for 1 month to explore motivations, triggers and barriers to adoption and usage. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically with reference to the Fogg behaviour model.ResultsSocial media attracted 87 users, but only 15 (17%) used the app for 30 days. Practices recruited 24 patients, 13 (54%) continued for 30 days. Successful adoption was dependent on ease of downloading and sufficient motivation. Some patients needed technological assistance with downloading the app and starting to use the features. Adherence was dependent on motivation derived from a sense that the healthcare professional and/or researcher was interested in the results, and that using an app to support their self-management could improve their asthma control.ConclusionSocial media attracted more downloads in a short time. However, most patients stopped using the app within a month. Practices attracted fewer downloads, but patents adhered longer to the app. Dual promotion strategies (social media with practice support) may be the optimal approach to encourage adoption and adherence to telehealth.
Illumination design patterns for homogenization and color mixing
Authors: Muschaweck Julius , Rehn Henning 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In illumination optics, color mixing is a key design task, but the realization can be a challenge. While tunable light sources based on multiple LEDs are commonplace, color homogenization is just as important for white LEDs, due to their spatial and angular color variation. In this tutorial, we first look at color mixing from an abstract, phase space-based viewpoint. From there, we derive a taxonomy of color mixing problems: How is the multi-color light source composed? What kind of homogeneity is required in the target? How is the homogenization influenced by source and target étendue? We categorize these problems and we present a toolbox: A selection of optical design elements, e.g. mixing rods and fly’s eye arrays, and we show for each design pattern how it fits into the taxonomy.
Preparation, structural changes and adsorption performance of heavy metal ions on sulfonated cellulose with varying degrees of substitution
Authors: Dong Cuihua , Wang Binshou , Meng Yahui , Pang Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Sulfonated cellulose (SC) with varying degrees of substitution (DS) were prepared with the pyridine sulfur trioxide complex (Py-SO3) as a sulfonation reagent (as a source of sulfur trioxide) in dimethyl formamide (DMF) as a solvent, where the DS was primarily affected by the molar ratio between Py-SO3 and the anhydroglucose (AHG) unit. Sulfonation temperature and residence time have less effect on DS. The ratio of the crystalline domain of SC decreased gradually with incremental DS, and the crystalline cellulose I of SC at DS0.81 nearly disappeared, and the moiety of the paracrystalline SC with high hydrophilicity increased. The thermostability decreased with increasing DS as a consequence of crystalline domain decrement. The adsorption performance of SC to metal ions was enhanced with increasing DS. However, above DS 0.62, the adsorption capacity enhancement is negligible. For an economic adsorption of heavy meatal ions in effluents, the DS of SC must be optimized.
Diminutives derived from terms for children: Comparative evidence from Southeastern Mande
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The study addresses the relationship between diachronic change and synchronic polysemy based on the use of diminutives in four closely related Southeastern Mande languages. It explores the synchronic patterns of use of cognate diminutive markers deriving from the word ‘child’, and accounts for differences between the languages in terms of a Radial Category network, which is designed to capture in one representation both mechanisms of diachronic change and mechanisms of regular meaning extension. The study argues that the same approach can be used to account for the ways diminutive markers acquire new meanings and for the ways an old diminutive category disintegrates, when new markers start replacing the old one in some of the core diminutive functions. The invasion and expansion of new markers may result in discontinuous semantic structures that can only be understood when the diachrony is taken into account (in this particular case study, the evidence for historical change comes from a synchronic comparison with closely related languages).
External possession of body-part nouns in Dinka
Authors: Andersen Torben 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn Dinka, a Western Nilotic language, body-part nouns may be externally possessed. External possession is possible and the default option if the body-part noun is semantically part of a transitive object, an unaccusative subject, or a copula subject. With transitive and ditransitive verbs, the external possessor is object, and with intransitive and copulative verbs, it is subject. Externally possessed body-part nouns have no grammatical relation to the verb, and they are restricted to occurring in dedicated syntactic slots of the clause, adjacent to a slot used by the main verb when the finite verb is an auxiliary. In transitive clauses, the body-part noun occurs immediately after that slot. In intransitive and copulative clauses, it occurs immediately before the same slot, and here a phonologically determined subset of the body-part nouns are morphologically marked by tone shift as being externally possessed. These facts suggest that the possessum forms some kind of unit with the verb that is reminiscent of noun incorporation. In Dinka, the referent of virtually any noun can be conceived of a having a body part, and therefore virtually anything can be an external possessor: pronouns, animate nouns, and inanimate nouns, including abstract nouns.
The status of the Dutch polecat population: correction of a recently published error
Authors: Hofmeester Tim R. , Dijkstra Vilmar , Dekker Jasja J.A. , van der Meij Tom , Broekhuizen Sim 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A recent review of the status of the Western or European polecat (Mustela putorius) by Croose et al. (Croose, E., J.W. Duckworth, S. Ruette, D.V. Skumatov, V.V. Kolesnikov and A.P. Saveljev. 2018. A review of the status of the Western polecat Mustela putorius: a neglected and declining species? Mammalia. 82: 550–564.) showed that the species is declining over large parts of its range. The information on the Dutch population in this review was based on incorrect information in the Atlas of the Dutch Mammals. Here, we correct this information and state that we currently have insufficient data to make inference about the Dutch polecat population. Consequently, there is a need for a robust monitoring scheme for polecats in the Netherlands.
Snake predation on bats in Europe: new cases and a regional assessment
Authors: Barti Levente , Péter Áron , Csősz István , Sándor Attila D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Among reptiles only snakes are known to frequently feed on bats and even inside this group chiropterophagy is rare, with most records being noted in the tropics. In the temperate region and especially in Europe, only a handful of cases have been described. Here, we report further cases of bat predation in underground habitats of Bulgaria, highlighting the importance of the Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus) predation on bats in the Western Palearctic. Until now, 11 species of bats have been recorded as preys of snakes in Europe. Our observations are the first records of snake hunting on Mediterranean horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus euryale) and on greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) in Europe, and only the third to fourth observation of underground predation. The observation in a short time of two incidences of hunting in a fairly small area, coupled with the regular presence of snakes in cave environments, may suggest a more common bat hunting habit for Aesculapian snakes. Bat predation of snakes in the Balkan region (or in the Mediterranean) certainly is more common than previously assumed. The number of records may increase substantially with targeted search during crepuscular and night hours in the entrance area of underground bat shelters.