bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contents and contours of contemporary cosmopolitan constitution-making: Immanuel Kant in the twenty-first century
Authors: QERIMI QERIM 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:This article articulates legal and practical discourse that seek to apply and extend the classic cosmopolitan ideals of Immanuel Kant to the evolving practice and reality of the twenty-first century. It identifies five major strands through which cosmopolitan law ideals express themselves in contemporary constitution-making, forming in turn the major composite cosmopolitan contents. In some sense, the proposed framework re-imagines Kant in the twenty-first century, mirroring a conjoined classic and contemporaneous concept of cosmopolitan constitution-making. Kantian cosmopolitanism is reinterpreted by way of conjoining the classic cosmopolitan moral and normative principles of universal freedom, human worth and global justice to emerging and actual contemporaneous constitution-making trends such as using international or comparative foreign models as a basis for constitutional design, using international law and foreign domestic law in national constitutional interpretation, or using regional or international bodies of adjudication and their jurisprudence as a constitutionally mandated source of law. The outlined framework seeks to transcend the occasional historical setbacks and sceptical objections to cosmopolitanism, while admitting their continuous, albeit gradually unobtrusive presence. This framework is naturally predisposed to be deferential to a bold imaginative project, such as the one embodied in the Kantian vision of cosmopolitanism, which is both rooted in and survived the historical forces that ran contrary to the cosmopolitan ideals, to reach a point of its ever closer materialisation.
COMPASS for rapid combinatorial optimization of biochemical pathways based on artificial transcription factors
Authors: Naseri Gita , Behrend Jessica , Rieper Lisa , Mueller-Roeber Bernd 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBalanced expression of multiple genes is central for establishing new biosynthetic pathways or multiprotein cellular complexes. Methods for efficient combinatorial assembly of regulatory sequences (promoters) and protein coding sequences are therefore highly wanted. Here, we report a high-throughput cloning method, called COMPASS for COMbinatorial Pathway ASSembly, for the balanced expression of multiple genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. COMPASS employs orthogonal, plant-derived artificial transcription factors (ATFs) and homologous recombination-based cloning for the generation of thousands of individual DNA constructs in parallel. The method relies on a positive selection of correctly assembled pathway variants from both, in vivo and in vitro cloning procedures. To decrease the turnaround time in genomic engineering, COMPASS is equipped with multi-locus CRISPR/Cas9-mediated modification capacity. We demonstrate the application of COMPASS by generating cell libraries producing β-carotene and co-producing β-ionone and biosensor-responsive naringenin. COMPASS will have many applications in synthetic biology projects that require gene expression balancing.
Isolated pairs of Majorana zero modes in a disordered superconducting lead monolayer
Authors: Ménard Gerbold C. , Mesaros Andrej , Brun Christophe , Debontridder François , Roditchev Dimitri , Simon Pascal , Cren Tristan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMajorana zero modes are fractional quantum excitations appearing in pairs, each pair being a building block for quantum computation. Some signatures of Majorana zero modes have been reported at endpoints of one-dimensional systems, which are however required to be extremely clean. An alternative are two-dimensional topological superconductors, such as the Pb/Co/Si(111) system shown recently to be immune to local disorder. Here, we use scanning tunneling spectroscopy to characterize a disordered superconducting monolayer of Pb coupled to underlying Co-Si magnetic islands. We show that pairs of zero modes are stabilized: one zero mode positioned in the middle of the magnetic domain and its partner extended all around the domain. The zero mode pair is remarkably robust, isolated within a hard superconducting gap. Our theoretical scenario supports the protected Majorana nature of this zero mode pair, highlighting the role of magnetic or spin-orbit coupling textures.
Coherent diffractive imaging of microtubules using an X-ray laser
Authors: Brändén Gisela , Hammarin Greger , Harimoorthy Rajiv , Johansson Alexander , Arnlund David , Malmerberg Erik , Barty Anton , Tångefjord Stefan , Berntsen Peter , DePonte Daniel P. , Seuring Carolin , White Thomas A. , Stellato Francesco , Bean Richard , Beyerlein Kenneth R. , Chavas Leonard M. G. , Fleckenstein Holger , Gati Cornelius , Ghoshdastider Umesh , Gumprecht Lars , Oberthür Dominik , Popp David , Seibert Marvin , Tilp Thomas , Messerschmidt Marc , Williams Garth J. , Loh N. Duane , Chapman Henry N. , Zwart Peter , Liang Mengning , Boutet Sébastien , Robinson Robert C. , Neutze Richard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractX-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) create new possibilities for structural studies of biological objects that extend beyond what is possible with synchrotron radiation. Serial femtosecond crystallography has allowed high-resolution structures to be determined from micro-meter sized crystals, whereas single particle coherent X-ray imaging requires development to extend the resolution beyond a few tens of nanometers. Here we describe an intermediate approach: the XFEL imaging of biological assemblies with helical symmetry. We collected X-ray scattering images from samples of microtubules injected across an XFEL beam using a liquid microjet, sorted these images into class averages, merged these data into a diffraction pattern extending to 2 nm resolution, and reconstructed these data into a projection image of the microtubule. Details such as the 4 nm tubulin monomer became visible in this reconstruction. These results illustrate the potential of single-molecule X-ray imaging of biological assembles with helical symmetry at room temperature.
Nickel@Siloxene catalytic nanosheets for high-performance CO2 methanation
Authors: Yan Xiaoliang , Sun Wei , Fan Liming , Duchesne Paul N. , Wang Wu , Kübel Christian , Wang Di , Kumar Sai Govind Hari , Li Young Feng , Tavasoli Alexandra , Wood Thomas E. , Hung Darius L. H. , Wan Lili , Wang Lu , Song Rui , Guo Jiuli , Gourevich Ilya , Ali Feysal M. , Lu Jingjun , Li Ruifeng , Hatton Benjamin D. , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) materials are of considerable interest for catalyzing the heterogeneous conversion of CO2 to synthetic fuels. In this regard, 2D siloxene nanosheets, have escaped thorough exploration, despite being composed of earth-abundant elements. Herein we demonstrate the remarkable catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of a nickel@siloxene nanocomposite; it is found that this promising catalytic performance is highly sensitive to the location of the nickel component, being on either the interior or the exterior of adjacent siloxene nanosheets. Control over the location of nickel is achieved by employing the terminal groups of siloxene and varying the solvent used during its nucleation and growth, which ultimately determines the distinct reaction intermediates and pathways for the catalytic CO2 methanation. Significantly, a CO2 methanation rate of 100 mmol gNi−1 h−1 is achieved with over 90% selectivity when nickel resides specifically between the sheets of siloxene.
Triple nitrogen-vacancy centre fabrication by C5N4Hn ion implantation
Authors: Haruyama Moriyoshi , Onoda Shinobu , Higuchi Taisei , Kada Wataru , Chiba Atsuya , Hirano Yoshimi , Teraji Tokuyuki , Igarashi Ryuji , Kawai Sora , Kawarada Hiroshi , Ishii Yu , Fukuda Ryosuke , Tanii Takashi , Isoya Junichi , Ohshima Takeshi , Hanaizumi Osamu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuantum information processing requires quantum registers based on coherently interacting quantum bits. The dipolar couplings between nitrogen vacancy (NV) centres with nanometre separation makes them a potential platform for room-temperature quantum registers. The fabrication of quantum registers that consist of NV centre arrays has not advanced beyond NV pairs for several years. Further scaling up of coupled NV centres by using nitrogen implantation through nanoholes has been hampered because the shortening of the separation distance is limited by the nanohole size and ion straggling. Here, we demonstrate the implantation of C5N4Hn from an adenine ion source to achieve further scaling. Because the C5N4Hn ion may be regarded as an ideal point source, the separation distance is solely determined by straggling. We successfully demonstrate the fabrication of strongly coupled triple NV centres. Our method may be extended to fabricate small quantum registers that can perform quantum information processing at room temperature.
The prion-like domain of Drosophila Imp promotes axonal transport of RNP granules in vivo
Authors: Vijayakumar Jeshlee , Perrois Charlène , Heim Marjorie , Bousset Luc , Alberti Simon , Besse Florence 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrion-like domains (PLDs), defined by their low sequence complexity and intrinsic disorder, are present in hundreds of human proteins. Although gain-of-function mutations in the PLDs of neuronal RNA-binding proteins have been linked to neurodegenerative disease progression, the physiological role of PLDs and their range of molecular functions are still largely unknown. Here, we show that the PLD of Drosophila Imp, a conserved component of neuronal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, is essential for the developmentally-controlled localization of Imp RNP granules to axons and regulates in vivo axonal remodeling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Imp PLD restricts, rather than promotes, granule assembly, revealing a novel modulatory function for PLDs in RNP granule homeostasis. Swapping the position of Imp PLD compromises RNP granule dynamic assembly but not transport, suggesting that these two functions are uncoupled. Together, our study uncovers a physiological function for PLDs in the spatio-temporal control of neuronal RNP assemblies.
Environmental pH and peptide signaling control virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes via a quorum-sensing pathway
Authors: Do Hackwon , Makthal Nishanth , VanderWal Arica R. , Saavedra Matthew Ojeda , Olsen Randall J. , Musser James M. , Kumaraswami Muthiah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBacteria control gene expression in concert with their population density by a process called quorum sensing, which is modulated by bacterial chemical signals and environmental factors. In the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, production of secreted virulence factor SpeB is controlled by a quorum-sensing pathway and environmental pH. The quorum-sensing pathway consists of a secreted leaderless peptide signal (SIP), and its cognate receptor RopB. Here, we report that the SIP quorum-sensing pathway has a pH-sensing mechanism operative through a pH-sensitive histidine switch located at the base of the SIP-binding pocket of RopB. Environmental acidification induces protonation of His144 and reorganization of hydrogen bonding networks in RopB, which facilitates SIP recognition. The convergence of two disparate signals in the SIP signaling pathway results in induction of SpeB production and increased bacterial virulence. Our findings provide a model for investigating analogous crosstalk in other microorganisms.
Emergence of plasmid stability under non-selective conditions maintains antibiotic resistance
Authors: Wein Tanita , Hülter Nils F. , Mizrahi Itzhak , Dagan Tal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlasmid acquisition is an important mechanism of rapid adaptation and niche expansion in prokaryotes. Positive selection for plasmid-coded functions is a major driver of plasmid evolution, while plasmids that do not confer a selective advantage are considered costly and expected to go extinct. Yet, plasmids are ubiquitous in nature, and their persistence remains an evolutionary paradox. Here, we demonstrate that non-mobile plasmids persist over evolutionary timescales without selection for the plasmid function. Evolving a minimal plasmid encoding for antibiotics resistance in Escherichia coli, we discover that plasmid stability emerges in the absence of antibiotics and that plasmid loss is determined by transcription-replication conflicts. We further find that environmental conditions modulate these conflicts and plasmid persistence. Silencing the transcription of the resistance gene results in stable plasmids that become fixed in the population. Evolution of plasmid stability under non-selective conditions provides an evolutionary explanation for the ubiquity of plasmids in nature.
Active catalyst construction for CO2 recycling via catalytic synthesis of N-doped carbon on supported Cu
Authors: Wu Yajuan , Wang Tao , Wang Hongli , Wang Xinzhi , Dai Xingchao , Shi Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBridging homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis is a long-term pursuit in the field of catalysis. Herein, we report our results in integration of nano- and molecular catalysis via catalytic synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon layers on AlOx supported nano-Cu which can finely tune the catalytic performance of the supported copper catalyst. This synthetic catalytic material, which can be generated in situ by the reaction of CuAlOx and 1,10-Phen in the presence of hydrogen, could be used for controllable synthesis of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) from dimethylamine and CO2/H2via blocking reaction pathways of further catalytic hydrogenation of DMF to N(CH3)3. Detailed characterizations and DFT calculations reveal that the presence of N-doped layered carbon on the surface of the nano-Cu particles results in higher activation energy barriers during the conversion of DMF to N(CH3)3. Our primary results could promote merging of homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis and CO2recycling.
Spectral phase control of interfering chirped pulses for high-energy narrowband terahertz generation
Authors: Jolly Spencer W. , Matlis Nicholas H. , Ahr Frederike , Leroux Vincent , Eichner Timo , Calendron Anne-Laure , Ishizuki Hideki , Taira Takunori , Kärtner Franz X. , Maier Andreas R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHighly-efficient optical generation of narrowband terahertz radiation enables unexplored technologies and sciences from compact electron acceleration to charge manipulation in solids. State-of-the-art conversion efficiencies are currently achieved using difference-frequency generation driven by temporal beating of chirped pulses but remain, however, far lower than desired or predicted. Here we show that high-order spectral phase fundamentally limits the efficiency of narrowband difference-frequency generation using chirped-pulse beating and resolve this limitation by introducing a novel technique based on tuning the relative spectral phase of the pulses. For optical terahertz generation, we demonstrate a 13-fold enhancement in conversion efficiency for 1%-bandwidth, 0.361 THz pulses, yielding a record energy of 0.6 mJ and exceeding previous optically-generated energies by over an order of magnitude. Our results prove the feasibility of millijoule-scale applications like terahertz-based electron accelerators and light sources and solve the long-standing problem of temporal irregularities in the pulse trains generated by interfering chirped pulses.
Long-term effect of feeding snacks at age 6 years on body mass index at ages 12 and 22 years
Authors: Sata Mizuki , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Sairenchi Toshimi , Ikeda Ai , Irie Fujiko , Watanabe Hiroshi , Iso Hiroyasu , Ota Hitoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe investigated the effect of snacking habits in childhood on changes in body mass index (BMI) and high BMI in adolescence and adulthood. In total, 2141 Japanese children from the Ibaraki Children’s Cohort Study were evaluated at age 6 years (baseline), then at ages 12 and 22 years. We examined associations between snacking (scheduled times, when children wanted, and freely) at age 6 years and changes in BMI over time and the proportion of high BMI at ages 12 and 22 years, using time-dependent mixed-effects and logistic regression models. Compared with children who snacked at scheduled times, those provided snacks when they wanted experienced larger increases in BMI over time between ages 6 and 22 years (multivariable time-dependent effect: 0.03 kg/m2 for boys, p = 0.047; 0.04 kg/m2 for girls, p = 0.019). No differences were observed in children who snacked freely. A higher proportion of high BMI was found in boys who were provided snacks when they wanted compared with those who snacked at scheduled times. The multivariable odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.52 (1.04–2.23) at age 12 years and 2.23 (1.12–4.45) at age 22 years. No differences were observed for girls at either age. Children who were provided snacks when they wanted showed larger increases in BMI over time compared with those who snacked at scheduled times. Boys who were provided snacks when they wanted showed the higher proportion of high BMI at follow-up.
Lower Incidence Rate of Type 1 Diabetes after Receipt of the Rotavirus Vaccine in the United States, 2001–2017
Authors: Rogers Mary A. M. , Basu Tanima , Kim Catherine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe evaluated whether rotavirus vaccination is associated with the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children. We designed a cohort study of 1,474,535 infants in the United States from 2001–2017, using data from a nationwide health insurer. There was a 33% reduction in the risk of type 1 diabetes with completion of the rotavirus vaccine series compared to the unvaccinated (95% CI: 17%, 46%). Completion of the pentavalent vaccine series was associated with 37% lower risk of type 1 diabetes (95% CI: 22%, 50%). Partial vaccination (incompletion of the series) was not associated with the incidence of type 1 diabetes. There was a 31% reduction in hospitalizations in the 60-day period after vaccination (95% CI: 27%, 35%) compared to unvaccinated children. Overall, there was a 3.4% decrease in incidence annually in children ages 0–4 in the United States from 2006–2017 which coincides with the vaccine introduction in 2006. We conclude that rotavirus vaccination is associated with a reduced incidence of type 1 diabetes. Rotavirus vaccination may be the first practical measure that could play a role in the prevention of this disease.
Rif1 promotes association of G-quadruplex (G4) by its specific G4 binding and oligomerization activities
Authors: Masai Hisao , Fukatsu Rino , Kakusho Naoko , Kanoh Yutaka , Moriyama Kenji , Ma Yue , Iida Keisuke , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRif1 is a conserved protein regulating replication timing and binds preferentially to the vicinity of late-firing/dormant origins in fission yeast. The Rif1 binding sites on the fission yeast genome have an intrinsic potential to generate G-quadruplex (G4) structures to which purified Rif1 preferentially binds. We previously proposed that Rif1 generates chromatin architecture that may determine replication timing by facilitating the chromatin loop formation. Here, we conducted detailed biochemical analyses on Rif1 and its G4 binding. Rif1 prefers sequences containing long stretches of guanines and binds preferentially to the multimeric G4 of parallel or hybrid/mix topology. Rif1 forms oligomers and binds simultaneously to multiple G4. We present a model on how Rif1 may facilitate the formation of chromatin architecture through its G4 binding and oligomerization properties.
Near-infrared spectroscopy as a tool for in vivo analysis of human muscles
Authors: Currà Antonio , Gasbarrone Riccardo , Cardillo Alessandra , Trompetto Carlo , Fattapposta Francesco , Pierelli Francesco , Missori Paolo , Bonifazi Giuseppe , Serranti Silvia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent advances in materials and fabrication techniques provided portable, performant, sensing optical spectrometers readily operated by user-friendly cabled or wireless systems. Such systems allow rapid, non-invasive, and not destructive quantitative analysis of human tissues. This proof-of-principle investigation tested whether infrared spectroscopy techniques, currently utilized in a variety of areas, could be applied in living humans to categorize muscles. Using an ASD FieldSpec® 4 Standard-Res Spectroradiometer with a spectral sampling capability of 1.4 nm at 350–1000 nm and 1.1 nm at 1001–2500 nm, we acquired reflectance spectra in visible short-wave infra-red regions (350–2500 nm) from the upper limb muscles (flexors and extensors) of 20 healthy subjects (age 25–89 years, 9 women). Spectra off-line analysis included preliminary preprocessing, Principal Component Analysis, and Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy proved valuable for noninvasive assessment of tissue optical properties in vivo. In addition to the non-invasive detection of tissue oxygenation, NIR spectroscopy provided the spectral signatures (ie, “fingerprints”) of upper limb flexors and extensors, which represent specific, accurate, and reproducible measures of the overall biological status of these muscles. Thus, non-invasive NIR spectroscopy enables more thorough evaluation of the muscular system and optimal monitoring of the effectiveness of therapeutic or rehabilitative interventions.
Human Sialic acid O-acetyl esterase (SIAE) – mediated changes in sensitivity to etoposide in a medulloblastoma cell line
Authors: Mather Rebecca L. , Loveson Katie F. , Fillmore Helen L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant paediatric brain tumour occurs in the cerebellum. Advances in molecular genomics have led to the identification of defined subgroups which are associated with distinct clinical prognoses. Despite this classification, standard therapies for all subgroups often leave children with life-long neurological deficits. New therapeutic approaches are therefore urgently needed to reduce current treatment toxicity and increase survival for patients. GD3 is a well-studied ganglioside which is known to have roles in the development of the cerebellum. Post-partum GD3 is not highly expressed in the brain. In some cancers however GD3 is highly expressed. In MB cells GD3 is largely acetylated to GD3A. GD3 is pro-apoptotic but GD3A can protect cells from apoptosis. Presence of these gangliosides has previously been shown to correlate with resistance to chemotherapy. Here we show that the GD3 acetylation pathway is dysregulated in MB and as a proof-of-principle we show that increased GD3 expression sensitises an MB cell line to etoposide.