bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of recombinant human growth hormone treatment on growth, body composition, and safety in infants or toddlers with Prader-Willi syndrome: a randomized, active-controlled trial
Authors: Yang Aram , Choi Jin-Ho , Sohn Young Bae , Eom Yunae , Lee Jiyoon , Yoo Han-Wook , Jin Dong-Kyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare complex genetic disorder and is characterized by short stature, muscular hypotonia, abnormal body composition, psychomotor retardation, and hyperphagia. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment improves the symptoms in children with PWS, and early treatment results in more favorable outcomes. However, systematic studies in infants and toddlers under 2 years of age are lacking. This multicenter, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group, open-label, Phase III study aimed to evaluate the safety of rhGH (Eutropin, LG Chem, Ltd.) and its efficacy on growth, body composition, and motor and cognitive development in infants and toddlers with PWS compared with a comparator treatment (Genotropin, Pfizer, Inc.). Eligible Korean infants or toddlers with PWS were randomly assigned to receive Eutropin or comparator (both 0.24 mg/kg/week, 6 times/week) for 1 year. Height standard deviation score (SDS), body composition, and motor and cognitive development were measured.ResultsThirty-four subjects (less than 24 months old) were randomized into either the Eutropin (N = 17) group or the comparator (N = 17) group. After 52 weeks of rhGH treatment, height SDS and lean body mass increased significantly from baseline in both groups: the mean height SDS change (SD) was 0.75 (0.59) in the Eutropin group and 0.95 (0.66) in the comparator group, and the mean lean body mass change (SD) was 2377.79 (536.25) g in the Eutropin group and 2607.10 (641.36) g in the comparator group. In addition, percent body fat decreased significantly: the mean (SD) change from baseline was − 8.12% (9.86%) in the Eutropin group and − 7.48% (10.26%) in the comparator group. Motor and cognitive developments were also improved in both groups after the 1-year treatment. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the groups.ConclusionsrhGH treatment for 52 weeks in infants and toddlers with PWS improved growth, body composition, and motor and cognitive development, and efficacy and safety outcomes of Eutropin were comparable to those of Genotropin. Hence, Eutropin is expected to provide safe and clinically meaningful improvements in pediatric patients with PWS.Trial registrationThe study was registered atClinicalTrials.gov(identifier: NCT02204163) on July 30, 2014.URL:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02204163?term=NCT02204163&rank=1
Relationship of mottling score, skin microcirculatory perfusion indices and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with septic shock: an observational study
Authors: Kazune Sigita , Caica Anastasija , Volceka Karina , Suba Olegs , Rubins Uldis , Grabovskis Andris 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
In patients with septic shock, the skin is often chosen for the evaluation of peripheral perfusion and oxygenation. Changes in skin microcirculatory vessel oxygen saturation and relative hemoglobin concentration can be described using a mottling score or captured with hyperspectral imaging. However, the effectiveness of the mottling score in assessing microcirculation remains to be shown. We hypothesize that the mottling score in patients with septic shock is related to skin microcirculatory perfusion indices quantified by hyperspectral imaging, biomarkers that reflect endothelium activation and damage, and clinical outcome.

Methods
Hyperspectral imaging of the knee area was performed in 95 intensive care patients with septic shock enrolled in a single-center observational study to obtain relative oxy/deoxyhemoglobin concentration values and construct anatomical maps of skin microcirculatory saturation. The blood was sampled to obtain concentrations of thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), angiopoietin-2, and syndecan-1. The spectrophotometrically obtained skin microvascular perfusion indices were compared to the mottling score and biomarker concentration. The association between mottling score, skin microcirculatory perfusion indices, and 28-day mortality was also analyzed.

Results
Microcirculatory oxygen saturation was significantly lower and total hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in patients with a mottling score of 2 compared to those with a score of 0 (p = 0.02), with no difference between other scores. We found an association between microcirculatory oxygen saturation and PAI-1 levels (rho = − 0.3; p = 0.007). Increased mottling score and decreased microcirculatory oxygen saturation were predictive of 28-day mortality (mottling score 2 vs 0: OR 15.31, 95% CI 4.12–68.11; microcirculatory oxygen saturation: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.95). Endothelial biomarkers did not increase the predictive value of skin microcirculatory perfusion indices.

Conclusions
Higher mottling scores are associated with lower microcirculatory oxygen saturation but with significant overlap between scores. Microcirculatory oxygen saturation is a quantitative measure of peripheral oxygenation and is more specific than the mottling score in predicting 28-day mortality.
Mitochondrial DNA variation of the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus)
Authors: Honeycutt Rodney L. , Proudfoot Glenn A. , Silvy Nova J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe ruffed grouse,Bonasa umbellus, is broadly distributed across North America and displays considerable taxonomic diversity. Except for a genetic study of some western populations of ruffed grouse, nothing is known about genetic variation in other regions of Canada and the United States. Our objective is to examine patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in the ruffed grouse across western, central, and eastern parts of its distribution. We compare patterns of mtDNA variation to those characterized by morphology and ecology. Additionally, we evaluate the demographic history of the species based on mitochondrial haplotype diversity.ResultsPatterns of mtDNA variation revealed geographic subdivision, with populations of ruffed grouse subdivided into 3 to 4 genetically distinct groups. This subdivision partially coincided with the ranges of described subspecies. Behavioral traits prohibiting long-distance movement and barriers to dispersal in response to physiography and unsuitable habitat help explain these patterns of subdivision. Historically, the ruffed grouse probably experienced a population expansion, possibly in response to changes during the Pleistocene.
Sleep experiences during different lifetime periods and in vivo Alzheimer pathologies
Authors:   for the KBASE Research Group, Choe Young Min , Byun Min Soo , Yi Dahyun , Lee Jun Ho , Jeon So Yeon , Sohn Bo Kyung , Kim Yu Kyeong , Shin Seong A , Sohn Chul-Ho , Lee Yu Jin , Lee Dong Young 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Very little is known for the direction or causality of the relationship between lifetime sleep experiences and in vivo Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep experiences during the young adulthood, midlife, and late-life periods and in vivo cerebral beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and AD signature regional neurodegeneration in cognitively normal (CN) old adults.

Methods
This study included 202 CN old adults who participated in the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease (KBASE) study. All participants underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment, [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography (PET), [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. The quality and duration of sleep were assessed for the following age periods: 20–30s, 40–50s, and the most recent month. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, vascular risk score, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, and use of sleep medication.

Results
Bad sleep quality and short sleep duration during midlife were significantly associated with increased Aβ deposition and AD signature regional hypometabolism, respectively. Although current bad sleep quality appeared to be associated with increased Aβ accumulation, this association disappeared after controlling for the effects of midlife sleep quality. Neither the quality nor duration of sleep during young adulthood was related to Aβ burden or neurodegeneration.

Conclusions
Bad sleep quality during midlife increases pathological Aβ deposition in the brain, while short sleep duration during the same period accelerates regional hypometabolism.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following surgical removal of a complete hydatidiform mole: a case report
Authors: Tsubokura Hiroaki , Ikoma Yohei , Yokoe Takuya , Yoshimura Tomoo , Yasuda Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Generally, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome develops after superovulation caused by ovulation-inducing drugs in infertile patients. However, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome associated with natural pregnancy is rare, and most cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome have been associated with a hydatidiform mole.

Case presentation
We describe a case of a 16-year-old Japanese girl with a complete hydatidiform mole. The patient was referred for intensive examination and treatment of the hydatidiform mole and underwent surgical removal of the hydatidiform mole at 9 weeks, 5 days of gestation. Histopathological examination revealed a complete hydatidiform mole. The patient’s blood human chorionic gonadotropin level decreased from 980,823 IU/L to 44,815 IU/L on postoperative day 4, and it was below the cutoff level on postoperative day 64. Transvaginal ultrasonography on postoperative day 7 revealed a multilocular cyst measuring 82 × 43 mm in the right ovary and a multilocular cyst measuring 66 × 50 mm in the left ovary. Both ovarian cysts enlarged further. Magnetic resonance imaging on postoperative day 24 revealed that the right multilocular ovarian cyst had enlarged to 10 × 12 cm and that the left multilocular ovarian cyst had enlarged to 25 × 11 cm. Blood examination showed an elevated estradiol level as high as 3482 pg/ml. We diagnosed the patient with bilateral giant multilocular cysts accompanied by ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome because of the rapid increase in the size of the cysts. The patient complained of mild abdominal bloating; however, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and abdominal pain were not observed. Therefore, we chose spontaneous observation in the outpatient clinic. The cysts gradually decreased and disappeared on postoperative day 242.

Conclusion
Physicians should be aware that ovarian cysts can occur and can increase rapidly after abortion of a hydatidiform mole. However, the ovarian cyst can return to its original size spontaneously even if it becomes huge.
Xanthohumol inhibits PRRSV proliferation and alleviates oxidative stress induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2–HMOX1 axis
Authors: Liu Xuewei , Song Zhongbao , Bai Juan , Nauwynck Hans , Zhao Yongxiang , Jiang Ping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent and endemic swine pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Commercial vaccines provide limited protection against this virus, and no highly effective therapeutic drugs are yet available. In this study, we first screened a library of 386 natural products and found that xanthohumol (Xn), a prenylated flavonoid found in hops, displayed high anti-PRRSV activity by inhibiting PRRSV adsorption onto and internalization into cells. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Xn treatment stimulates genes associated with the antioxidant response in the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. Xn causes increased expression of Nrf2, HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, and NQO1 in Marc-145 cells. The action of Xn against PRRSV proliferation depends on Nrf2 in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). This finding suggests that Xn significantly inhibits PRRSV proliferation and decreases viral-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2–HMOX1 pathway. This information should be helpful for developing a novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PRRSV infection.
A clinico-genomic analysis of soft tissue sarcoma patients reveals CDKN2A deletion as a biomarker for poor prognosis
Authors: Bui Nam Q. , Przybyl Joanna , Trabucco Sally E. , Frampton Garrett , Hastie Trevor , van de Rijn Matt , Ganjoo Kristen N. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Sarcomas are a rare, heterogeneous group of tumors with variable tendencies for aggressive behavior. Molecular markers for prognosis are needed to risk stratify patients and identify those who might benefit from more intensive therapeutic strategies.

Patients and methods
We analyzed somatic tumor genomic profiles and clinical outcomes of 152 soft tissue (STS) and bone sarcoma (BS) patients sequenced at Stanford Cancer Institute as well as 206 STS patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Genomic profiles of 7733 STS from the Foundation Medicine database were used to assess the frequency of CDKN2A alterations in histological subtypes of sarcoma.

Results
Compared to all other tumor types, sarcomas were found to carry the highest relative percentage of gene amplifications/deletions/fusions and the lowest average mutation count. The most commonly altered genes in STS were TP53 (47%), CDKN2A (22%), RB1 (22%), NF1 (11%), and ATRX (11%). When all genomic alterations were tested for prognostic significance in the specific Stanford cohort of localized STS, only CDKN2A alterations correlated significantly with prognosis, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.83 for overall survival (p = 0.017). These findings were validated in the TCGA dataset where CDKN2A altered patients had significantly worse overall survival with a HR of 2.7 (p = 0.002). Analysis of 7733 STS patients from Foundation One showed high prevalence of CDKN2A alterations in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, myxofibrosarcomas, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas.

Conclusion
Our clinico-genomic profiling of STS shows that CDKN2A deletion was the most prevalent DNA copy number aberration and was associated with poor prognosis.
Generalizations and applications of Young’s integral inequality by higher order derivatives
Authors: Wang Jun-Qing , Guo Bai-Ni , Qi Feng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the paper, the authors

generalize Young’s integral inequality via Taylor’s theorems in terms of higher order derivatives and their norms, and

apply newly-established integral inequalities to estimate several concrete definite integrals, including a definite integral of a function which plays an indispensable role in differential geometry and has a connection with the Lah numbers in combinatorics, the exponential integral, and the logarithmic integral.
Oscillation of fourth-order strongly noncanonical differential equations with delay argument
Authors: Baculikova B. , Dzurina J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study oscillatory properties of the fourth-order strongly noncanonical equation of the form
$$ \bigl(r_{3}(t) \bigl(r_{2}(t) \bigl(r_{1}(t)y'(t) \bigr)' \bigr)' \bigr)'+p(t)y \bigl( \tau (t) \bigr)=0, $$

(

r
3

(
t
)

(

r
2

(
t
)

(

r
1

(
t
)

y
′

(
t
)
)

′

)

′

)

′

+
p
(
t
)
y

(
τ
(
t
)
)

=
0
,
where $\int ^{\infty }\frac{1}{r_{i}(s)}\,\mathrm {d}{s}<\infty $

∫
∞

1

r
i

(
s
)

d
s
<
∞
, $i=1,2,3$
i
=
1
,
2
,
3
. Reducing possible classes of the nonoscillatory solutions, new oscillatory criteria are established.
On characteristic polynomial of higher order generalized Jacobsthal numbers
Authors: Marques Diego , Trojovský Pavel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we study a higher order generalization of the Jacobsthal sequence, namely, the $(k,c)$
(
k
,
c
)
-Jacobsthal sequence $(J^{(k,c)}_{n})$
(

J
n

(
k
,
c
)

)
for any integers n, $k\geq 2$
k
≥
2
and a real number $c>0$
c
>
0
. In particular, we find information about roots of its characteristic polynomial. For that purpose, we combine some powerful tools such as Marden’s method, the Perron–Frobenius theorem, and the Eneström–Kakeya theorem.
Cabozantinib and apixaban: an hitherto unreported interaction
Authors: Santini Daniele , Citarella Fabrizio , Vincenzi Bruno , Russano Marco , Tonini Giuseppe , Stellato Marco 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of direct oral anticoagulant in cancer patients is an emerging issue, which seems to be an alternative to low molecular weight heparin. Every year several new drugs are approved as anticancer treatment with possible drug-drug interaction with other drugs such as oral anticoagulant. We describe, for the first time, a case of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in a patient in treatment with cabozantinib, a novel anticancer treatment used in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and apixaban with promptly resumption of the toxicity after the interruption of cabozantinib. This case suggest a possible interaction between these two pharmaceutical agents, which merit caution considering the spreading of the two drugs.
Role of social business in women entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh: perspectives from Nobin Udyokta projects of Grameen Telecom Trust
Authors: Ferdousi Farhana , Mahmud Parveen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSocial business is a growing phenomenon in the emerging economy due to its appeal toward reducing social problems from the society. Women’s, especially rural women’s, economic activities are mainly confined to the household chores because of the existing patriarchal norms of the society. Social businesses, through providing equity funds, are creating opportunities for the women to pursue entrepreneurial career. This study attempted to analyze the role of social business for developing women entrepreneurship. Primary data were collected from 28 women Nobin Udyokta (new entrepreneurs) and four key informant interviews. The study showed that social business fund plays an important role toward women entrepreneurship development through providing financial (social business fund), human (formal or informal training), and social capital (network) to the women entrepreneurs which is necessary for sustainable entrepreneurship development. Therefore, government and non-government organizations as well as private sectors were suggested to come forward to provide more social business funds and build supportive environment for the women entrepreneurs.
Improvement of bearing capacity of soil by using natural geotextile
Authors: Panigrahi B. , Pradhan P. K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
An experimental study has been carried out to improve the bearing capacity of soils by using geotextile. In the present study geojute (gunny bags) is used as geotextile, whereas sand is used as soil media. This research presents the results of laboratory load tests on model square footings supported on reinforced sand beds. A total of 32 load tests are conducted to evaluate the effects of single layer reinforcement placed below square model footings. Parameters of testing programme of the research are the depth of reinforcement, the plan area of reinforcement and the footing size. The test results indicated that the maximum gain in ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of footings on reinforced soil (by using geojute) is found to be increased by a factor of 3.37 as compared to soil without geojute. Also, the optimum size of reinforcement is found to be 3.5B × 3.5B irrespective of the type of reinforcing materials used. The optimum placement position of geotextile is found to be 0.5B from the base of the footing. At low settlement rates, the study on the values of BCR reveals almost the same results with regard to optimum depth and size of reinforcement mentioned above. It is found that with increase in the settlement rate, BCR increases. Also, the improvement in bearing capacity is found to increase with increase in footing size.
Characterization of bacteriocin ABC transporter ATP-binding protein produced by a newly isolated Enterococcus casseliflavus MI001 strain
Authors: Mikkili Indira , TC Venkateswarulu , Karlapudi Abraham Peele , Kodali Vidya Prabhakar , Srirama Krupanidhi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest transporter protein families and play a role in diverse biological processes.

Results
In the present study, bacteriocin isolated from the Enterococcus casseliflavus MI001 strain was identified as an ABC transporter ATP-binding protein. The optimal conditions for the production of bacteriocin were found to be at 35 °C, a pH 5.5, and an incubation time of 24 h. Purification was performed using ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration, and DEAE ion exchange chromatography. The bacteriocin was purified with an eightfold purification scheme resulting with a specific activity of 15,000 AU/mg. The NMR spectrum of purified bacteriocin revealed the presence of amino acids, namely lysine, methionine, cysteine, proline, threonine, tryptophan, and histidine. Further, the bacteriocin ABC transporter showed antimicrobial activity against food spoilage microorganisms.

Conclusions
The ABC transporter ATP-binding protein could be used as a potential alternative for food preservation, and it may be considered as a bio-preservative agent in food processing industries.
Understanding and managing cardiac side-effects of second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Sweeney Mark , Whiskey Eromona , Patel Rishi K. , Tracy Derek K. , Shergill Sukhi S. , Plymen Carla M. 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYSecond-generation antipsychotic medications (SGAs) have advanced the treatment of schizophrenia over the past 30 years. However, a number of potentially life-threatening cardiac side-effects associated with these treatments concern and can discourage prescribers from administering these evidence-based treatments. This review provides a practical, psychiatrist-oriented understanding of the relative frequencies, mechanisms, investigations and treatments associated with these cardiac toxicities. We aim to highlight that these are relatively rare complications of an effective class of drug and to promote the advantages of early involvement of cardiologists in the psychiatric multidisciplinary team to guide the investigation and management of these conditions.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to:
•understand the relative incidence of cardiotoxic side-effects of the various SGAs•perform preliminary investigations to diagnose the common cardiotoxic side-effects of SGAs•understand the treatments for these cardiac side-effects and the role of cardiologists involved the care of these patients.