bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing threats and restoring wetlands within catchments of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Authors: Adame Maria Fernanda , Arthington Angela H. , Waltham Nathan , Hasan Syezlin , Selles Amelia , Ronan Mike 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The catchments of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia include more than one million ha of wetlands, which help to sustain the health and resilience of the reef.
This article reviews the status, values, and threats of wetlands in the GBR catchments, as well as the management, protection, and challenges and opportunities for their restoration and rehabilitation.
At present, wetlands in the GBR catchments have low rates of area loss and are generally well protected; however, they face major management challenges owing to the intensive land use of the catchments, especially for grazing, agriculture, horticulture, and mining. Major threats to these wetlands include water pollution, invasive species, changes in hydrology, and increasing temperature and salinity resulting from climate change.
In recent years wetlands have been considered primarily for their role in improving water quality to ameliorate contaminated terrestrial run‐off to the GBR, with little attention given to their intrinsic value and other ecosystem services.
Financial opportunities for wetland restoration in addition to government‐funded schemes include water pollution offsets, payment for ecosystem services, and nitrogen markets.
Wetlands need to be protected, managed, and restored for the ecosystem services that they provide to the GBR, but also for their intrinsic value as significant features of coastal landscapes.
Reactions Coupled Self‐ and Co‐Assembly: A Highly Dynamic Process and the Resultant Spatially Inhomogeneous Structure
Authors: Li Song , Yu Yang , Liu Jun , Xu Shujue , Zhang Shengrui , Li Minjie , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReactions coupled self‐assembly represents a step forward towards biomimetic behavior in the field of supramolecular research. Here, two pH‐dependent reactions of thiol‐disulfide exchange and ligand exchange were used to couple with the self‐assembly of an AuI‐thiolate coordination polymer consisting of two ligands. Thanks to the comparable rates between the reactions and self‐assembly, the compositions of the assemblies change continuously with time, resulting in a highly dynamic assembly process and spatially inhomogeneous structure that are very common in life systems but cannot be easily obtained with one‐pot artificial methods.
An index reflecting mesoscale vortex–vortex interaction and its diagnostic applications for rainstorm area
Authors: Chen Yongren , Li Yueqing , Kang Lan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau Vortex (TPV) and Southwest China Vortex (SWCV) are important precipitation systems of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China in the warm half year (May–October). Sometimes, the vortices both move towards the Sichuan Basin, and encounter one other to merge into a deep vortex that induces mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and heavy rainfall. In this paper, a formula for the depth of the positive vorticity column (PVC) in two extreme rainstorm events was constructed to reveal the dynamical characteristics of TPV–SWCV interaction. The results showed that: (a) One feature of TPV–SWCV interaction was to form a deep vortex with very deep positive vorticity in the vertical direction, and the occurrence of extreme rainstorms was closely related to the deep vortex. (b) The PVC depth can describe the thickness features of the deep vortex well: MCSs with low brightness temperature were observed in the area of >2 × 102 hPa PVC depth, and their frequent activities were the direct reason for the occurrence of extreme rainstorms. (c) The rainstorm areas were basically consistent with the area of large PVC depth, especially the area of 5–7 × 102 hPa PVC depth where 24‐hr accumulated precipitation reached 100 mm or more. The study indicates that the PVC depth can reflect the development of vortices in the vertical direction, and has the potential to be a valuable index for diagnosing heavy rainfall area.
Improved Outcomes Associated with the use of Shock Protocols: Updates from the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative
Authors: Basir Mir B. , Kapur Navin K. , Patel Kirit , Salam Murad A. , Schreiber Theodore , Kaki Amir , Hanson Ivan , Almany Steve , Timmis Steve , Dixon Simon , Kolski Brian , Todd Josh , Senter Shaun , Marso Steven , Lasorda David , Wilkins Charles , Lalonde Thomas , Attallah Antonious , Larkin Timothy , Dupont Allison , Marshall Jeffrey , Patel Nainesh , Overly Tjuan , Green Michael , Tehrani Behnam , Truesdell Alexander G. , Sharma Rahul , Akhtar Yasir , McRae Thomas , O'Neill Brian , Finley John , Rahman Ayaz , Foster Malcolm , Askari Raza , Goldsweig Andrew , Martin Scott , Bharadwaj Aditya , Khuddus Matheen , Caputo Christopher , Korpas Denes , Cawich Ian , McAllister David , Blank Nimrod , Alraies M. Chadi , Fisher Ruth , Khandelwal Akshay , Alaswad Khaldoon , Lemor Alejandro , Johnson Tyrell , Hacala Michael , O'Neill William W. ,   on behalf of the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative Investigators
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative is a single‐arm, prospective, multicenter study to assess outcomes associated with early mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (AMICS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsBetween July 2016 and February 2019, 35 sites participated and enrolled into the study. All centers agreed to treat patients with AMICS using a standard protocol emphasizing invasive hemodynamic monitoring and rapid initiation of MCS. Inclusion and exclusion criteria mimicked those of the “SHOCK” trial with an additional exclusion criteria of intra‐aortic balloon pump counter‐pulsation prior to MCS.ResultsA total of 171 consecutive patients were enrolled. Patients had an average age of 63 years, 77% were male, and 68% were admitted with AMICS. About 83% of patients were on vasopressors or inotropes, 20% had a witnessed out of hospital cardiac arrest, 29% had in‐hospital cardiac arrest, and 10% were under active cardiopulmonary resuscitation during MCS implantation. In accordance with the protocol, 74% of patients had MCS implanted prior to PCI. Right heart catheterization was performed in 92%. About 78% of patients presented with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction with average door to support times of 85 ± 63 min and door to balloon times of 87 ± 58 min.Survival to discharge was 72%. Creatinine ≥2, lactate >4, cardiac power output (CPO) <0.6 W, and age ≥ 70 years were predictors of mortality. Lactate and CPO measurements at 12–24 hr reliably predicted overall mortality postindex procedure.ConclusionIn contemporary practice, use of a shock protocol emphasizing best practices is associated with improved outcomes.
Myocardial fibrosis and MitraClip: Does it even matter?
Authors: Shatila Wassim , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: April 2019

Key Points

Preprocedural myocardial fibrosis as identified by magnetic resonance imaging correlates with worse outcomes after MitraClip placement.
Post‐MitraClip mitral regurgitation gradient >2 or ischemic cardiomyopathy also correlates with worse outcomes.
In the literature, other variables are mentioned (e.g., severe tricuspid regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, postoperative mitral valve area and/or gradient) that correlate with worse post‐MitraClip outcomes.
Stabilization of Pd3−xIn1+x Polymorphs with Pd‐like Crystal Structure and their Superior Performance as Catalysts for Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Johnston Shaun K. , Bryant Thomas A. , Strong Jonathan , Lazzarini Laura , Ibhadon Alex O. , Francesconi Maria Grazia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSelective hydrogenation (semi‐hydrogenation) reactions of alkynes rely on Pd‐based catalysts to provide the correct pathway to favour formation of double bonds and avoid full hydrogenation to single bonds. Here, we present the preparation and characterisation of “Pd3In”/TiO2 nanocatalysts, which show improved activity and selectivity compared to pure Pd catalysts, towards the liquid phase semi‐hydrogenation of 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol (MBY) to 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol (MBE), a fundamental step in the preparation of pharmaceuticals, and other industrially produced substances, as well as a model reaction for the semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes. For both the supported and unsupported “Pd3In” alloys (later re‐defined as Pd3−xIn1+x), we stabilised two new cubic polymorphs with a Pd‐like structure, instead of the tetragonal structure as reported so far in the literature. The stabilisation of these new polymorphs was made possible by using a solution‐based synthesis and, thanks to the use of different solvents, the reaction was carried out at different temperatures and the Pd/In ratio could be tuned. The same synthetic approach was adapted to prepare two “Pd3In”/TiO2 catalysts by adding the TiO2 support to the reaction mixture, in a practical one‐step, one‐pot reaction. HREM and X‐Ray maps show that the cubic crystal structure of “Pd3In” is maintained when prepared in the presence of the support, however, the support seems to influence the Pd/In ratio.
Influence of Shear‐Thinning Rheology on the Mixing Dynamics in Taylor‐Couette Flow
Authors: Cagney Neil , Balabani Stavroula 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNon‐Newtonian rheology can have a significant effect on mixing efficiency, which remains poorly understood. The effect of shear‐thinning rheology in a Taylor‐Couette reactor is studied using a combination of particle image velocimetry and flow visualization. Shear‐thinning is found to alter the critical Reynolds numbers for the formation of Taylor vortices and the higher‐order wavy instability, and is associated with an increase in the axial wavelength. Strong shear‐thinning and weak viscoelasticity can also lead to sudden transitions in wavelength as the Reynolds number is varied. Finally, it is shown that shear‐thinning causes an increase in the mixing time within vortices, due to a reduction in their circulation, but enhances the axial dispersion of fluid in the reactor.
A complete derivation of the Kärger equations for analyzing NMR diffusion measurements of exchanging systems
Authors: Wijesekera Dj , Stait‐Gardner Timothy , Gupta Abhishek , Chen Johnny , Zheng Gang , Torres Allan M. , Price William S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe use of NMR methods to quantitatively determine association/dissociation constants in biological and chemical systems (eg, drug binding/protein–ligand interactions) is long established. Among these, NMR diffusion‐based techniques are increasingly prominent. In this article, the Kärger equations, used for analyzing NMR diffusion‐based measurements of exchange, are derived from first principles and then solved in detail for the case of a two‐site freely diffusing system under simplifying assumptions that the chemical shift and the relaxation in both sites are the same. Care is taken to clarify the connections between the experimental variables and the parameters of the Kärger equations.
Novel disposable cell block processing device and method for high cellular yield
Authors: Saqi Anjali , Yeager Keith J. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundCell blocks represent one of several cytology preparations, and play a significant role in providing tissue for ancillary studies, including immunohistochemistry and molecular testing. To the authors’ knowledge, there currently is no standardized cell block processing method, and cellular yield often is suboptimal. To overcome the shortcomings of available methods, the authors developed a novel disposable cell block device, XCellent, that uses centrifugation to collect cells into a sample chamber. The sample chamber contains and protects the specimen during tissue processing and also is embedded and sectioned. The primary objectives of the current study were to compare cellular yield, cytomorphological detail, and processing times of HistoGel and XCellent.MethodsSplit sample testing of primarily fluid specimens was performed. Group 1 comprised large‐volume and/or cloudy fluids and group 2 was residual samples in PreservCyt solution. Two cell blocks, 1 HistoGel cell block and 1 XCellent cell block, were processed from each sample. Cellularity was assessed using computerized image analysis and cytomorphology from 1+ to 3+. Processing times for 16 cell blocks also were recorded.ResultsA total of 50 cell blocks (25 HistoGel samples and 25 XCellent samples) were prepared. On average, cell blocks prepared using XCellent were 371% more cellular than those prepared with HistoGel and had better cytomorphology. Less preparation time was required for bulk processing of XCellent cell blocks (11 minutes) compared with the same quantity of bulk processed using HistoGel (38 minutes).ConclusionsXCellent provides an alternative cell block processing technique that offers high cellular yield and cytomorphology. In addition, the method uses the standard centrifugation process, which integrates into the existing cytology laboratory workflow.
Programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in cytologic and surgical non–small cell lung carcinoma specimens from a single institution: Association with clinicopathologic features and molecular alterations
Authors: Mei Ping , Shilo Konstantin , Wei Lai , Shen Rulong , Tonkovich Dena , Li Zaibo 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundProgrammed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression by the 22C3 pharmDx companion assay has been validated in surgical specimens to support pembrolizumab treatment decisions for patients with non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The aims of this study were 1) to assess the adequacy of cytologic specimens for PD‐L1 evaluation and 2) to explore correlations of PD‐L1 expression with clinicopathologic and molecular features.MethodsThe study cohort included 100 cytology specimens (fluid [n = 28] and fine‐needle aspiration [n = 72]) and 165 surgical specimens (biopsy [n = 138] and resection [n = 27]). The PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry 22C3 assay and staining assessment were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. PD‐L1 expression was correlated with patients' demographics, pathologic characteristics, and molecular alterations.ResultsOne hundred forty‐two specimens (53.6%) were positive for PD‐L1 expression (≥1%). No statistically significant difference in PD‐L1 expression was identified between cytologic (56.0%) and surgical specimens (52.1%). Seventy‐four of 190 tested cases (38.9%) had genetic alterations. PD‐L1 positivity was significantly more prevalent in cases with genetic alterations than in cases without genetic alterations. Furthermore, both PD‐L1 positivity and high PD‐L1 expression (≥50%) had statistically significant associations with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations. PD‐L1 expression had no significant association with histologic phenotypes or other clinicopathologic features.ConclusionsThe data indicate that cytologic specimens are comparable to surgical specimens for PD‐L1 evaluation. The association of PD‐L1 expression with KRAS mutations may have clinical relevance in selecting patients with NSCLC for immunotherapy.
Modeling the failures of power‐aware data centers by leveraging heat recirculation
Authors: Feng Hao , Deng Yuhui , Yu Liang 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWith the explosive growth of data, hundreds of thousands of servers may be contained in a single data center. Hence, node failures are unavoidable and generally negatively effects the performance of the whole data center. Additionally, data centers with a large number of nodes will cause plenty of energy consumption. Many existing task scheduling techniques can effectively reduce the power consumption in data centers by considering heat recirculation. However, the traditional techniques do not take the situation of node failures into account. This paper proposes an airflow‐based failure model for data centers by leveraging heat recirculation. In this model, the spatial distribution and time distribution of failures are considered. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm (GA) and a simulated annealing algorithm (SA) are implemented to evaluate the proposed failure model. Because the positions of node failures have a significant impact on the heat recirculation and the energy consumption of data centers, failures with different positions are analyzed and evaluated. The experimental results demonstrate that the energy consumption of data centers can be significantly reduced by using the GA and SA algorithms for task scheduling based on the proposed failure model.
Congestion‐aware HTTP adaptive streaming system over SDN‐enabled Wi‐Fi network
Authors: Noh Hyunmin , Lee Hwanwook , Go Yunmin , Park Hyun , Lee Jongman , Kim Jaewoo , Song Hwangjun 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel congestion‐aware HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) system to improve video quality of clients over software‐defined network (SDN)–enabled Wi‐Fi network. The proposed system employs SDN technology to efficiently control the network resources and video quality over the competing Wi‐Fi network. In the proposed system, an SDN‐enabled access point (AP) can monitor the streaming status of clients, such as the buffered playback time and information of requested segments. An SDN controller collects not only the streaming status of clients but also the Wi‐Fi network conditions from the AP using OpenFlow. Additionally, when a congestion is going to occur, it determines the segment bitrate of each client to provide seamless and high‐quality streaming services. The proposed system is fully implemented using open‐source programs, such as ONOS and hostapd, and is examined in a real Wi‐Fi network. The experimental results verify that the proposed system can provide seamless and high‐quality HAS services for the clients compared with existing systems.
Digital Droplet PCR for Monitoring Tissue‐Specific Cell Death Using DNA Methylation Patterns of Circulating Cell‐Free DNA
Authors: Shemer Ruth , Magenheim Judith , Dor Yuval 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCell death involves the release of short DNA fragments into blood, termed circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). Sequencing of cfDNA in the plasma has recently emerged as a liquid biopsy for detecting fetal chromosomal aberrations, tumor DNA, and graft rejection. However, in cases where cfDNA is derived from tissues with a normal genome, its primary sequence is not informative regarding the tissue of origin. We developed a method of determining the tissue origins of cfDNA, allowing inference of tissue‐specific cell death, based on tissue‐specific methylation patterns. We have previously described a version of the method that uses next generation sequencing (NGS) to determine methylation patterns in specific marker loci. Here we describe a rapid and simple procedure for cfDNA methylation analysis using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) on bisulfite treated cfDNA to accurately count the number of molecules carrying a specific methylation signature. Specificity and sensitivity of the assay increases by simultaneously interrogating four to six cytosines in the same molecule using two fluorescent probes. cfDNA methylation analysis using ddPCR can find multiple applications in the non‐invasive study of human tissue dynamics in health and disease. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Photo‐Supercapacitors Based on Third‐Generation Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Hongguang , Pang Shuping , Cui Guanglei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhotopowered energy systems (PPESs), which simultaneously achieve power conversion and energy storage, are one of the most promising auxiliaries to fulfill the giant and diversified power demand in modern society. Devices with a low cost, wearable, compact structure and the potential to add a variety of features (such as photochromic, flexible, textile, and wearable) have received extensive research attention. Photo‐supercapacitors are becoming one of the most extensively researched PPESs due to their ease of fabrication, mitigation of solar irradiation discontinuities, and the promotion of renewable energy utilization, and these devices have been fabricated with different combinations of photovoltage devices and energy‐storage technologies. This review summarizes the development of photo‐supercapacitors that integrate third‐generation solar cells and supercapacitors, with a focus on materials alignment, performance, structure design, and application. Finally, current challenges, possible solutions, and future perspectives are discussed.
cis‐Regulatory analysis for later phase of anterior neuroectoderm‐specific foxQ2 expression in sea urchin embryos
Authors: Yamazaki Atsuko , Yamamoto Akane , Yaguchi Junko , Yaguchi Shunsuke 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe specification of anterior neuroectoderm is controlled by a highly conserved molecular mechanism in bilaterians. A forkhead family gene, foxQ2, is known to be one of the pivotal regulators, which is zygotically expressed in this region during embryogenesis of a broad range of bilaterians. However, what controls the expression of this essential factor has remained unclear to date. To reveal the regulatory mechanism of foxQ2, we performed cis‐regulatory analysis of two foxQ2 genes, foxQ2a and foxQ2b, in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. In sea urchin embryos, foxQ2 is initially expressed in the entire animal hemisphere and subsequently shows narrower expression restricted to the anterior pole region. In this study, as a first step to understand the foxQ2 regulation, we focused on the later restricted expression and analyzed the upstream cis‐regulatory sequences of foxQ2a and foxQ2b by using the constructs fused to short half‐life green fluorescent protein. Based on deletion and mutation analyses of both foxQ2, we identified each of the five regulatory sequences, which were 4–9 bp long. Neither of the regulatory sequences contains any motifs for ectopic activation or spatial repression, suggesting that later mRNA localization is regulated in situ. We also suggest that the three amino acid loop extension‐class homeobox gene Meis is involved in the maintenance of foxQ2b, the expression of which is dominant during embryogenesis.
Exploring the reciprocal relationships between adolescents' perceptions of parental and peer attachment and disordered eating: A multiwave cross‐lagged panel analysis
Authors: Cortés‐García Laura , Hoffmann Svenja , Warschburger Petra , Senra Carmen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective study explored bidirectional associations between attachment quality towards mother, father, and peers and disordered eating among a large population‐based sample of boys and girls in the transition from preadolescence to adolescence. Specifically, we examined whether insecure attachment relationships emerged as a risk factor for or as an outcome of disordered eating.MethodA population‐based sample of 904 adolescent girls and boys was assessed four times, at baseline (T1; Mage = 10.8 years) and at 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐year follow‐up (T2, T3, and T4). Prospective data were analyzed using cross‐lagged panel models for each attachment figure (i.e., mother, father, peers) in a multigroup design to compare genders.ResultsBetter attachment to the mother led to less pronounced disturbed eating in girls across the entire age range and in boys across two time periods. In girls, more pronounced disordered eating at T3 predicted worse attachment to the mother at T4 and better attachment to the father at T1 predicted less disturbed eating at T2. In boys, disordered eating at T1 predicted better attachment to the father at T2. Concerning peer attachment, better attachment at T1 predicted disordered eating at T2, in boys only. No other significant cross‐lagged effects emerged.DiscussionThese findings highlight the differential and gender‐specific contribution of attachment figures to the development of disordered eating in adolescence. Programs aimed at improving communication and trust in the relationship with parents might be promising in the prevention of disordered eating and the subsequent deterioration of parent–child attachment relationships.