bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPOSITE OF CHITOSAN VANILIN / SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE AS POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES : CATIONIC EXCHANGE CAPACITY, SWELLING DEGREE AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Pramono Edi , Purnawan Candra , Hidayat Yuniawan , Wulansari Jati , Wahyuningsih Sayekti 
Published: September 2019

Research on the preparation and characterization of sulfonated polystyrene (PST) /chitosan vanillin (KV) composite as electrolyte membranes has been conducted in order to investigate the effect of PST and KV composition to its chemical and physical properties. Polystyrene was modified by sulfonation reaction to produces PST<strong>, </strong>meanwhile chitosan was modified by schift base reaction to produces KV. The composite membranes were prepared by casting method and were characterized in order to identify the functional groups contained in the composite, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), the Swelling Degree (SD), the thermal properties and the morphology. The peak of imine vibration in the FTIR spectrum indicates that the chitosan vanilin was succesfully synthesized. Meanwhile, the peak of sulfonate vibration indicates the product of sulfonation on polystyrene. The result of CEC analysis shows that the addition of sulfonate groups on polystyrene and the addition of phenolic groups on chitosan increase the CEC value. The increasing of PST and KV concentration in membrane enhance the CEC value. However, the increasing of PST concentration in membrane composition even decrease the Swelling Degree of membranes. Meanwhile, the increasing of KV concentration increase the swelling degree of membranes. Thermal analysis shows that the thermal decomposition of membranes occurs in three stages i.e. the dehydration of water molecules, the degradation of the subtituen groups and the plasticizer and the degradation of the back bone of chitosan and polystyrene.
SOLVENT FREE SYNTHESIS OF CHALCONE AS ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCE
Authors: Prabawati Susy Yunita , Khusnuryani Arifah , Khamidinal Khamidinal 
Published: September 2019

<p>The aims of this study was to synthesize a compound of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxychalcone through Claisen-Schmidt condensation with grinding technique (solvent-free). Vanillin, acetophenone and 60 % NaOH catalyst used in this synthesis. Characterization of products was done with a spectrophotometer FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectrometer. The product was obtained as a orange solid which has a melting point at 58 - 59 ˚C. Identification of the product by IR spectrophotometer showed the absorption of C=C in the wavenumber of 1496.76 cm<sup>-1</sup> which confirmed that the hydration reaction of chalcone had occurred. Analysis using <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectrometer also showed the proton of the CH=CH appearing on chemical shift (δ) 7.99 ppm. The antibacterial activity test showed that the compounds of 3-methoxy-4- hydroxychalcone has a potential as an antibacterial against bacteria <em>E. coli</em> and <em>B. subtilis</em>.</p>
Crossing Boundaries: Images of Christina of Markyate in the St. Albans Psalter
Authors: Hickey Carolyn Ann 
Published: September 2019

The St. Albans Psalter is an English illuminated manuscript dating back to the twelfth century. The psalter has been connected to Christina of Markyate, a twelfth-century anchoress, for whom the work appears to have been made. Many images in the St. Albans Psalter depict the biblical figure Mary Magdalene, who is seen interacting with the boundaries of the colourful illustration. This article will study the images of Mary Magdalene in the St. Albans Psalter and will seek to re-evaluate her spiritual relationship with the twelfth-century recluse Christina of Markyate. Although the connection between Christina and Mary Magdelene has been recognized and reassessed, this study offers a contemporary outlook on the visual iconography, suggesting that this relationship is, in fact, far closer than previously demonstrated. By analyzing images in which the hand of Mary Magdalene crosses illustrated boundaries, this study will demonstrate the connection between these instances and Christina’s isolation within the boundaries of her anchoritic hold.
An Evaluation of Crown Forest Management in Ontario from a Free Market Environmentalist Approach
Authors: Garrod Natalya , Barbini Vanessa , Fox Emma , Szatkowski Marc 
Published: September 2019

This paper analyzes the forestry and logging industry in Crown forests in Ontario. We present historical trends on harvested areas, employment, revenue collected by the province, biophysical impacts, and revenue from the industry. We discuss the institutional context of Crown forest management in Ontario which includes a description of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) and NGOs such as the Sustainable Forestry Initiative and the Forest Stewardship Council. We conclude that the current management of Crown forests in Ontario is not achieving maximum potential, as we found that there is a decline in employment and revenue from the industry. We recommend a Free Market Environmentalist (FME) approach to Crown forest management in Ontario. This approach involves common property management and the establishment of Forest Trusts. Current management does not take into account externalities that FME would, which could enhance potential in order to achieve maximum employment and revenue. There is a lack of biophysical data being collected to document the impact on key wildlife species and there is a lack of transparency regarding the management of crown forests by the MNRF. The Haliburton forest was used as case study which emulates an example of a FME approach.
State-of-the-Art Methods of Industrial Wastewater Disposal
Authors: Beisenov Anton 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article highlights the implementation of a highly efficient energy-saving technology for industrial wastewater disposal at oil, gas and condensate fields.
Using one of the NOVATEK Group's fields (the "Field 1") as a reference, we analyzed the increase in industrial wastewater generation and consumption of fuel gas to dispose of it over the recent years taking place alongside the growing flooding of the field's wells. The article contains a comparative analysis, both technical and economic, of the available technologies for industrial wastewater disposal, such as horizontal flare (HF), incinerator, wastewater treatment and injection unit (WTIU), and the new technology, namely the foam catalytic vaporizer (FCV).
The foam catalytic vaporizer is a unit consisting of a blower, a catalytic burner to generate flue gas, and a vaporizer metal hopper.
Fuel gas and air from the blower are fed to the catalytic burner. The mixture burns on the catalyst and the generated flue gas at the temperature of 750–1000 °C is transferred to the vaporizer and introduced directly under the liquid layer. The hot gas evaporates the water generating a layer of foam bubbles on a special grid where the water evaporates rapidly.
The solids (solid waste) that settle as a result of highly-mineralized formation water evaporation sediment in the bottom section of the unit. The residue is transferred by an auger feeder to trucks.
An advantage of the technology is the fact that the solid waste is collected inside the vaporizer and subsequently transported to a industrial waste landfill.
In 2018, a laboratory-scale unit for industrial wastewater evaporation underwent a test to confirm the high efficiency and feasibility of the new technology.
Currently, a pilot FCV unit is being designed and is expected to be commissioned at a NOVATEK Group field.
Implementing FCV will allow to reduce the fuel gas consumption by a factor of 3.5 reduce emissions of air pollutatns by a factor 12.
Digital tools in the Informed Consent process: a systematic review
Authors: Francesco Gesualdo , Palazzani Laura , Dimitriou Dimitris , Domingo Javier Diez , Fons-Martinez Jaime , Jackson Sally , Vignally Pascal , Tozzi Alberto , Rizzo Caterina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Providing understandable information to patients is necessary to achieve the two main aims of the Informed Consent process: respecting and promoting patients’ autonomy and protecting patients from harm. In recent decades, new, primarily digital, technologies have been used to apply and test innovative formats of Informed Consent. We conducted a systematic review to explore the impact of using digital tools for Informed Consent in both clinical care and clinical trials. Understanding, comprehension, satisfaction and participation were compared for digital tools versus the traditional Informed Consent process. Methods: We searched for studies on available electronic databases, including Pubmed, ISI web of science (WoS), and Cochrane. Studies were identified using specific Mesh-terms/keywords. We included studies, published from January 2012 to April 2018, that focused on the use of digital Informed Consent tools for surgery, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic interventions, and clinical research. Digital interventions were defined as interventions that used multimedia or audio-video to provide information to patients. We classified the interventions into 3 different categories: video only, non-interactive multimedia, and interactive multimedia. Results: Our search yielded 1046 publications. After title and abstract screening 182 studies were retained for full-text analysis, of which 38 publications were included. Studies examined interactive multimedia (17/38), non-interactive multimedia (11/38), and videos (10/38), and most (34/38) studies were conducted on adults. Innovations in consent were tested for clinical/surgical procedures (26/38) and RCTs (12/38). For RCTs, 21 outcomes were explored, with a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes being observed in 8/12 studies. For clinical/surgical procedures 49 outcomes were explored, and 21/26 studies reported a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes. Conclusions: Digital technologies for informed consent were not found to affect negatively any of the outcomes, and overall, interactive multimedia tools seem desirable. Interactive multimedia tools indicated a higher impact than passive videos. Presence of a researcher may potentially enhance efficacy of different outcomes. Studies were heterogeneous in design, making evaluation of impact challenging. Robust study design including standardisation is needed to conclusively assess impact.
Genome sequence of the model rice variety KitaakeX
Authors: Jain Rashmi , Jenkins Jerry , Shu Shengqiang , Chern Mawsheng , Martin Joel A. , Copetti Dario , Duong Phat Q. , Pham Nikki T. , Kudrna David A. , Talag Jayson , Schackwitz Wendy S. , Lipzen Anna M. , Dilworth David , Bauer Diane , Grimwood Jane , Nelson Catherine R. , Xing Feng , Xie Weibo , Barry Kerrie W. , Wing Rod A. , Schmutz Jeremy , Li Guotian , Ronald Pamela C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The availability of thousands of complete rice genome sequences from diverse varieties and accessions has laid the foundation for in-depth exploration of the rice genome. One drawback to these collections is that most of these rice varieties have long life cycles, and/or low transformation efficiencies, which limits their usefulness as model organisms for functional genomics studies. In contrast, the rice variety Kitaake has a rapid life cycle (9 weeks seed to seed) and is easy to propagate. For these reasons, Kitaake has emerged as a model for studies of diverse monocotyledonous species. Results: Here, we report the de novo genome sequencing and analysis of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica variety KitaakeX, a Kitaake plant carrying the rice XA21 immune receptor. Our KitaakeX sequence assembly contains 377.6 Mb, consisting of 33 scaffolds (476 contigs) with a contig N50 of 1.4 Mb. Complementing the assembly are detailed gene annotations of 35,594 protein coding genes. We identified 331,335 genomic variations between KitaakeX and Nipponbare (ssp. japonica), and 2,785,991 variations between KitaakeX and Zhenshan97 (ssp. indica). We also compared Kitaake resequencing reads to the KitaakeX assembly and identified 219 small variations. The high-quality genome of the model rice plant KitaakeX will accelerate rice functional genomics. Conclusions: The high quality, de novo assembly of the KitaakeX genome will serve as a useful reference genome for rice and will accelerate functional genomics studies of rice and other species.
Establishing a Normative Database for Quantitative Pupillometry in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Shah Sanket S , Ranaivo Hantamalala Ralay , Mets-Halgrimson Rebecca B , Kurup Sudhi P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
Pupillary evaluation is a crucial element of physical exams. Noting size, reactivity, and consensual response is critical in assessing for optic nerve dysfunction. We aim to establish normative data for scotopic pupillary size and function in the pediatric population in a clinical setting.
Methods
Pupillometry was obtained prospectively for consecutive, normal patients <18 years old being evaluated by Lurie Children’s Ophthalmology. Quantitative data included maximum (MAX) and minimum (MIN) diameters, constriction percentage (CON), latency (LAT), average (ACV) and maximum (MCV) constriction velocities, average dilation velocity (ADV), and 75% recovery time (T75). Iris color was noted as light, intermediate, or dark.
Results
196 eyes of 101 participants (42.6% male, ages 1–17 years, average age 10.3 years) were analyzed. Mean MAX was 6.6 mm (5.1–8.1 mm 95% CI); MIN was 4.7 mm (3.1–6.1 mm 95% CI); CON was 30% (17–42% 95% CI); LAT was 230 milliseconds (160–300 ms 95% CI); ACV was 3.70 mm/sec (2.21–5.18 mm/sec 95% CI); and ADV was 0.88 mm/sec (0.38–1.38 mm/sec 95% CI). Age had a positive correlation with MAX, MIN, and CON. 84.2% and 95.8% of participants showed resting pupil asymmetry of ≤0.5 mm and ≤1.0 mm, respectively.
Conclusions
Quantitative pupillometry can be a useful tool for screening pediatric patients. We sought to establish normative data in this group. We found males to have significantly greater MCV and CON than females (p < 0.05). Also, age had a positive correlation with MAX, MIN, and CON.

Keywords: Pupillometry; pupils; pediatric screening; normative
Satisfaction With Use Of Public Health And Peer-Led Facilities For Hiv Prevention Services By Key Populations In Nigeria
Authors: Ochonye Bartholomew , Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Fatusi Adesegun O , Emmanuel Godwin , Adepoju Tomi , Ajidagba Babatunde , Jaiyebo Toluwanimi , Umoh Paul , Yusuf Ayo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: To identify the proportion of FSW, MSM and PWID who had accessed HIV prevention services at public health facilities and peer-led facilities, their level of satisfaction with these services and perceived barriers and challenges to accessing HIV services from public and peer-led HIV prevention service providers.
Methods: A mixed method approach was used to collect data from key populations in four states in Nigeria. Data collected included level of satisfaction with and barriers to use of public and peer-led facilities. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to explore reasons for satisfaction with and barriers to use of services. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted for quantitative data. A ground theory approach was used to analyse the qualitative data.
Results : There were 482 and 485 respondents to the questions on use of public health and peer-led facilities. Of these, 49.4% and 48.7% had received HIV and sexual and reproductive health services through the public health and peer-led facilities respectively. Significantly more respondents were satisfied with the quality of services provided by peer led organisations than public health facilities. Significantly more respondents using peer-led organisations than those using public health facilities identified no barriers to service access (p=0.003). More respondents using public health facilities than peer led facilities identified cost of services (p=0.01), confidentiality (p=0.002), waiting time (p<0.01) and staff attitude (p=0.001) as barriers to service access. There was no difference in the proportion of respondents willing to discontinue their use of either facilities (p=0.08). Qualitative data showed that concerns about access of services at the public health facility were related to healthcare worker discrimination and fear of being arrested due to the enacted same-sex prohibition law in Nigeria.
Conclusion: Key populations had better satisfaction receiving HIV prevention services at peer led organisations than at public health facilities.
Involvement of SLC39A6 in gastric adenocarcinoma and correlation of the SLC39A6 polymorphism rs1050631 with clinical outcomes after resection
Authors: Gao Jian , Ren Wenjun , Xiao Chunhong , Wang Lie , Huang Qiaojia , Zhang Zaizhong , Dang Yuan , Weng Pengcheng , Wang Hui , Fang Xuehong , Zhuang Minxian , Lin Liying , Chen shaoquan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The single-nucleotide polymorphism SLC39A6 rs1050631 is strongly implicated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, leading us to question whether it may also play a role in gastric adenocarcima (GA).
Methods: We genotyped the SLC39A6 rs1050631 in 512 patients who underwent GA resection. All study subjects lived in an area of China with high GA incidence. Genotypes were examined for possible correlation with survival and recurrence. The potential involvement of SLC39A6 in gastric cancer was explored in clinical samples and cell culture studies.
Results: Multivariable analysis showed that patients with the CT+TT genotype at SLC39A6 rs1050631 were at greater risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, HR 1.387, p = 0.004) and death (HR 1.429, p =0.002) than patients with CC genotype. Median recurrence-free and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with the CT+TT genotype (20, 27 months) than in patients with the CC genotype (36, 43 months, p = 0.001, p < 0.001). Patients with the CT+TT genotype who were male or ≥60 years, or who had a tumor ≥ 5 cm or a moderately differentiated tumor were at significantly higher risk of recurrence and death. SLC39A6 was overexpressed in tissues from GA patients and in GA cell lines, and SLC39A6 knockdown in GA cell lines inhibited their proliferation, migration and invasion.
Conclusion: SLC39A6 rs1050631 correlates with post-resection prognosis of GA patients and SLC39A6 may participate in GA onset or progression.
Keywords: SLC39A6 rs1050631, Gastric adenocarcinoma, Prognostic biomarker, High-occurrence area, Ki67, TOPOII
Lack of Impact of Nil-Per-Os (NPO) Time on Goal-Directed Fluid Delivery in First Case versus Afternoon Case Starts: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Field R Ryan , Mai Tuan , Hanna Samouel , Harrington Brian , Calderon Michael-David , Rinehart Joseph 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Goal Directed Fluid Therapy(GDFT) represents an objective fluid replacement algorithm. The effect of provider variability remains a confounder. Overhydration worsens perioperative morbidity and mortality; therefore, the impact of the calculated NPO deficit prior to the operating room may reach harm.
Methods: A retrospective single-institution study analyzed patients at UC Irvine Medical Center main operating rooms from September 1, 2013 through September 1, 2015 receiving GDFT. The primary study question asked if GDFT suggested different fluid delivery after different NPO periods, while reducing inter-provider variability. We created two patient groups distinguished by 0715 surgical start time or start time after 1200. We analyzed fluid administration totals with either a 1:1 crystalloid to colloid ratio or a 3:1 ratio. We performed direct group-wise testing on total administered volume expressed as total ml, total ml/hr, and total ml/kg/hr between the first case start (AM) and afternoon case (PM) groups. A linear regression model included all baseline covariates that differed between groups as well as plausible confounding factors for differing fluid needs. Finally, we combined all patients from both groups, and created NPO time to total administered fluid scatterplots to assess the effect of patient-reported NPO time on fluid administration.
Results: Whether reported by total administered volume or net fluid volume, and whether we expressed the sum as ml, ml/hr, or ml/kg/hr, the AM group received more fluid on average than the PM group in all cases. In the general linear models, for all significant independent variables evaluated, AM vs PM case start did not reach significance in both cases at p=0.64 and p=0.19, respectively. In scatterplots of NPO time to fluid volumes, absolute adjusted and unadjusted R2 values are < 0.01 for each plot, indicating virtually non-existent correlations between uncorrected NPO time and fluid volumes measured.
Conclusions: This study showed NPO periods do not influence a patient’s volume status just prior to presentation to the operating room for surgical intervention. We hope this data will influence the practice of providers routinely replacing calculated NPO period volume deficit; particularly with those presenting with later surgical case start times.
Analyzing preferences for family doctor contract services in rural China: a study using discrete choice experiment
Authors: Fu peipei , Wang Yi , Liu Shimeng , Li Jiajia , Gao qiufeng , Zhou Chengchao , Meng Qingyue , Sylvia Sean 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Preliminary evaluations have found that family doctor contract service has significantly controlled medical expenses, better managed chronic diseases, and increased patient satisfaction and service compliance. In 2016, China proposed the establishment of a family doctor system to carry out contract services, but studies have found uptake and utilization of these services to be limited. This study aimed to investigate rural resident preferences for FDCS from the public perspective in China.
Methods : A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was performed to elicit respondent preferences towards FDCS among rural residents in China. Attributes and levels were established based on literature review and qualitative methods. Five attributes consisted of cost, medicine availability, reimbursement rate, competence of the family doctor, and attitude of the family doctor were evaluated using mixed logit model.
Results: A total number of 609 residents were included in the main DCE analysis. Respondents valued high competence (coefficient 2.44, [SE 0.13]) and good attitude (coefficient 1.42, [SE 0.09]) of the family doctor most. Cost was negatively valued (coefficient -0.01, [SE 0.01]) as expected. The preference heterogeneity analysis was conducted after adjusting the interaction terms, we found that rural residents with lower educational attainment prefer good attitude than those with higher educational attainment counterparts. The estimated willingness to pay (WTP) for “high” relative to “low” competence was 441.13 RMB/year and WTP for a provider with a “good” relative to a “poor” attitude was 255.77 RMB/year. Conclusion: This present study suggested priorities should be given to strengthen and improve the quality of primary health care including family doctors’ competence and attitudes so as to increase the uptake of signing FDCS. The contract service package including annual cost, insurance reimbursement rate and individualized services should be redesigned and become congruent with residents with different health status and their stated preferences.