bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framework for stakeholder collaboration in harnessing corporate social responsibility implementation in tourist destination to build community adaptive capacity to climate change
Authors: Rahmawati Putu Indah , Jiang Min , DeLacy Terry 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeTourism communities will be heavily affected by climate change. However, our understanding of how corporate social responsibility (CSR) of tourism businesses plays a role in building community adaptive capacity to climate change remains limited. This research aims to develop a framework to allow a better understanding of how CSR practices can enhance tourism community adaptive capacity to climate change.Design/methodology/approachThis research takes a qualitative approach using Bali as a case study. In‐depth interviews and focus group discussions with tourism stakeholders in Bali were used for data collection. Purposive random sampling was used as sampling technique.FindingsThis study provides evidences that CSR of tourism industry can help in building community adaptive capacity to climate change both for the individuals living in a community and for the community leader to lead collective actions. The framework formulated in this research shows that government support and collaboration with tourism stakeholder are needed in harnessing CSR initiatives at the destination level for a greater positive impact for the local community.Research limitation/implicationThe findings cannot be assumed as representative of all tourism businesses in Bali. This model should be tested in other tourism destinations.Practical implicationThe empirical data presented in this research are relevant for policy makers in designing future policy or regulation on climate change.Originality/valueCommunity and NGOs were involved in this research to enrich the data and give a balanced perspective on this subject matter.
Transient Ligand‐Enabled Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization
Authors: Niu Ben , Yang Ke , Lawrence Brianna , Ge Haibo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed C−H bond functionalization is among the most efficient and powerful strategies in synthetic organic chemistry to derivatize otherwise inert sites of organic molecules for the construction of C−C and C−heteroatom bonds. However, additional steps are often required to install the directing groups to realize selective C−H bond functionalization of the substrates. These tedious steps run counter to the step‐economical nature of the C−H activation. In contrast, direct functionalization of the substrate by using transient ligands avoids the unnecessary steps for the pre‐functionalization of the substrates. This Minireview provides a short overview of the major progress made in this field for C−H functionalization at sp2 and sp3 carbon centers with different transient working modes, including covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonds.
Iron‐Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen C‐Alkylation of Oxindoles with Alcohols
Authors: Dambatta Mubarak B. , Polidano Kurt , Northey Alexander D. , Williams Jonathan M. J. , Morrill Louis C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA general and efficient iron‐catalyzed C‐alkylation of oxindoles has been developed. This borrowing hydrogen approach employing a (cyclopentadienone)iron carbonyl complex (2 mol %) exhibited a broad reaction scope, allowing benzylic and simple primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols to be employed as alkylating agents. A variety of oxindoles underwent selective mono‐C3‐alkylation in good‐to‐excellent isolated yields (28 examples, 50–92 % yield, 79 % average yield).
Overprinted allocyclic processes by tidal resonance in an epicontinental basin: The Upper Jurassic Curtis Formation, east‐central Utah, USA
Authors: Zuchuat Valentin , Sleveland Arve R. N. , Pettigrew Ross P. , Dodd Thomas J. H. , Clarke Stuart M. , Rabbel Ole , Braathen Alvar , Midtkandal Ivar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModern, tide‐dominated and tide‐influenced coastlines are characterized by a range of environments, including deltas, estuaries and lagoons. However, some tide‐dominated basins and related sedimentary units in the rock record, such as the semi‐enclosed, shallow, Utah–Idaho Trough foreland basin of the Jurassic Curtis Sea, do not correspond to any of these modern systems. Persistent aridity caused the characteristic severe starvation of perennial fluvial input throughout this basin, in which the informal lower, middle and upper Curtis, as well as the underlying Entrada Sandstone, and the overlying Summerville Formation were deposited. Wave energy was efficiently dissipated by the shallow basin's elongated morphology (approximately 800 × 150 km), as its semi‐enclosed morphology further protected the system from significant wave impact. Consequently, the semi‐enclosed, shallow‐marine system was dominated by amplified tidal forces, resulting in a complex distribution of heterolithic deposits. Allocyclic forcing strongly impacted upon the system's intrinsic autocyclic processes as the lower Curtis was deposited. Short‐lived relative sea‐level variations, along with uplift and deformation episodes, resulted in the accumulation of three parasequences, each separated by traceable flooding and ravinement surfaces. The subsequent transgression, which defines the base of the middle Curtis, allowed for the shallow‐marine part of the system to enter into tidal resonance as a consequence of the flooded basin reaching the optimal configuration of approximately 800 km in length, corresponding to an odd multiple of the quarter of the tidal wavelength given an average minimum water depth of 20–25 m. This resonant system overprinted the effects of allocyclic forcing and related traceable stratigraphic surfaces. However, the contemporaneous and neighbouring coastal dune field sedimentary rocks of the Moab Member of the Curtis Formation, characterized by five stacked aeolian sequences, as well as the supratidal deposits of the Summerville Formation, lingered to record allocyclic signals, as the Curtis Sea regressed. This study shows that a tide‐dominated basin can enter into tidal resonance as it reaches its optimal morphological configuration, leading to the overprinting of otherwise dominant allocyclic processes by autocyclic behaviour. It is only by considering the sedimentological relationships of neighbouring and contemporaneous depositional systems that a full understanding of the dynamic stratigraphic history of a basin alternatively dominated by autocyclic and allocyclic processes can be achieved.
Multiscale analysis of canopy arthropod diversity in a volcanically fragmented landscape
Authors: Tielens Elske K. , Neel Maile N. , Leopold Devin R. , Giardina Christian P. , Gruner Daniel S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHabitat fragmentation resulting in habitat loss and increased isolation is a dominant driver of global species declines. Habitat isolation and connectivity vary across scales, and understanding how connectivity affects biodiversity can be challenging because the relevant scale depends on the taxa involved. A multiscale analysis can provide insight in biodiversity patterns across spatial scale when information on dispersal ability is not available, in particular for community‐level studies focusing on multiple taxa. In this study, we examine the relationship between arthropod diversity, patch area, and connectivity using a multiscale approach. We make use of a natural experiment on Hawai‘i Island, where historic volcanic activity has transformed contiguous native forests to lava matrix and discrete forest patches. This landscape of patches has persisted for 150 yr, and we selected 10,000 ha consisting of 863 patches to analyze landscape connectivity using a graph theory approach. We collected arthropod samples from Metrosideros polymorpha tree canopies in 34 forest patches during multiple years. We analyzed the relationship of arthropod diversity with area, as well as with connectivity across increasing scales, or dispersal threshold distances. In contrast to well‐established ecological theory as well as prior work on birds and fungi in this system, we did not find support for a canonical species–area relationship. Next, we calculated connectivity across spatial scales and found lower Shannon diversity with higher connectivity at small scales, but no effect at increased dispersal threshold distances. We examined the landscape structure and found all habitat patches connected into three subnetworks at a 350 m threshold distance. All patches were connected at 700 m threshold distance, indicating structural dispersal limitation only at small scales. Our findings suggest that canopy arthropods are not dispersal limited at scales shown to impact both soil fungi and birds in this system. Instead, Hawaiian canopy arthropods may perceive the landscape as a connected area where discrete forest patches and the early‐successional matrix contribute resources that vary spatially with regard to habitat quality. We argue for the utility of multiscale approaches, and the importance of examining maintenance of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes that persist for hundreds of years.
Bioturbation and erosion rates along the soil‐hillslope conveyor belt, part 2: Quantification using an analytical solution of the diffusion–advection equation
Authors: Román‐Sánchez Andrea , Laguna Ana , Reimann Tony , Giráldez Juan Vicente , Peña Adolfo , Vanwalleghem Tom 
Published: April 2019

AbstractParticles on soil‐mantled hillslopes are subject to downslope transport by erosion processes and vertical mixing by bioturbation. Both are key processes for understanding landscape evolution and soil formation, and affect the functioning of the critical zone. We show here how the depth–age information, derived from feldspar‐based single grain post‐infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR), can be used to simultaneously quantify erosion and bioturbation processes along a hillslope. In this study, we propose, for the first time, an analytical solution for the diffusion–advection equation to calculate the diffusivity constant and erosion–deposition rates. We have fitted this model to age–depth data derived from 15 soil samples from four soil profiles along a catena located under natural grassland in the Santa Clotilde Critical Zone Observatory, in the south of Spain. A global sensitivity analysis was used to assess the relative importance of each model parameter in the output. Finally, the posterior probability density functions were calculated to evaluate the uncertainty in the model parameter estimates.The results show that the diffusivity constant at the surface varies from 11.4 to 81.9 mm2 a‐1 for the hilltop and hill‐base profile, respectively, and between 7.4 and 64.8 mm2 a‐1 at 50 cm depth. The uncertainty in the estimation of the erosion–deposition rates was found to be too high to make a reliable estimate, probably because erosion–deposition processes are much slower than bioturbation processes in this environment. This is confirmed by a global sensitivity analysis that shows how the most important parameters controlling the age–depth structure in this environment are the diffusivity constant and regolith depth.Finally, we have found a good agreement between the soil reworking rates proposed by earlier studies, considering only particle age and depth, and the estimated diffusivity constants. The soil reworking rates are effective rates, corrected for the proportion of particles actually participating in the process. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental delta evolution in tidal environments: Morphologic response to relative sea‐level rise and net deposition
Authors: Finotello Alvise , Lentsch Nathan , Paola Chris 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTide‐influenced deltas are among the largest depositional features on Earth and are ecologically and economically important as they support large populations. However, the continued rise in relative sea level threatens the sustainability of these landscapes and calls for new insights on their morphological response. While field studies of ancient deposits allow for insight into delta evolution during times of eustatic adjustment, tide‐influenced deltas are notoriously hard to identify in the rock record. We present a suite of physical experiments aimed at investigating the morphological response of tide‐influenced deltas subject to relative sea‐level rise. We show that increasing relative tidal energy changes the response of the delta because tides effectively act to remove fluvially deposited sediment from the delta topset. This leads to enhanced transgression, which we quantify via a new methodology for comparing shoreline transgression rates based on the concept of a ‘transgression anomaly’ relative to a simple reference case. We also show that stronger tidal forcing can create composite deltas where distinct land‐forming processes dominate different areas of the delta plain, shaping characteristic morphological features. The net effect of tidal action is to enhance seaward transfer of bedload sediment, resulting in greater shoreline transgression compared to identical, yet purely fluvial, deltaic systems that exhibit static or even regressive shorelines. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Solar‐Thermal Distillation Desalination Device by Light Absorptive Carbon Composite Porous Foam
Authors: Jang Gyoung Gug , Klett James William , McFarlane Joanna , Ievlev Anton , Xiao Kai , Keum Jong K. , Yoon Mina , Im Piljae , Hu Michael Z. , Parks James E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSolar‐thermal driven desalination based on porous carbon materials has promise for fresh water production. Exploration of high‐efficiency solar desalination devices has not solved issues for practical application, namely complicated fabrication, cost‐effectiveness, and scalability. Here, direct solar‐thermal carbon distillation (DS‐CD) tubular devices are introduced that have a facile fabrication process, are scalable, and use an inexpensive but efficient microporous graphite foam coated with carbon nanoparticle and superhydrophobic materials. The “black” composite foam serving as a solar light absorber heats up salt water effectively to produce fresh water vapor, and the superhydrophobic surface of the foam traps the liquid feed in the device. Two proof‐of‐principle distillation systems are adopted, i.e., solar still and membrane distillation and the fabricated devices are evaluated for direct solar desalination efficiency. For the solar still, nanoparticle and fluorosilane coatings on the porous surface increase the solar energy absorbance, resulting in a solar‐steam generation efficiency of 64% from simulated seawater at 1 sun. The membrane distillation demonstrates excellent vapor production (≈6.6 kg m‐2 h‐1) with >99.5% salt rejection under simulated 3 sun solar‐thermal irradiation. Unlike traditional solar desalination, the adaptable DS‐CD can easily be scaled up to larger systems such as high‐temperature tubular modules, presenting a promising solution for solar‐energy‐driven desalination.
Older male mentors: Outcomes and perspectives of an intergenerational mentoring program for young adult males with intellectual disability
Authors: Mahoney Natasha , Wilson Nathan J. , Buchanan Angus , Milbourn Ben , Hoey Ciarain , Cordier Reinie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIssue addressedIntergenerational mentoring is emerging as a way to provide meaningful engagement and improve wellbeing for older adults in retirement. However, there is little, if any, Australian research concerning the benefits for older mentors involved in such mentoring. This study aims to investigate the experiences of older male mentors involved in an intergenerational mentoring program with young men with intellectual disability and identify any benefits to physical and mental health and generativity.MethodsThis study used a mixed methods concurrent triangulation design. Quantitative outcomes data were collected pre and postintervention using the SF‐36 and Loyola Generativity Scale. Qualitative data were collected using a single‐interview approach. Mentors and mentees took part in a 6‐month mentoring program based in Australian Men's Sheds.ResultsNo significant changes were seen in physical health and generativity. Investigation of mental health scores revealed a significant improvement in scores on the mental health subscale. Qualitative analysis revealed the main theme as "Learning together through a relational and practical routine" and four sub‐themes.ConclusionMen's Shed intergenerational mentoring programs present an environment for older, retired men to express generativity, improve their mental health and bond with younger generations.So what? The potential wellbeing implications for older men through intergenerational mentoring should form the basis of future research and intervention.
Pitcher Irrigation: Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Martínez de Azagra Paredes A. , Del Río San José J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAfter a brief introduction about pitcher irrigation, the concepts of ‘suction emitter’ and ‘oozer’ are defined and the discharge equation for the latter is determined. On the basis of this formula and fixing a ‘desired water potential’, the ‘emptying time’ of porous containers is obtained, which is a parameter necessary for the design and management of these irrigation systems. All these formulas are analysed and discussed, and criteria for the design of oozers, emitters and systems of irrigation by suction are established. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of chemical treatment as an adjunctive of air‐abrasive debridement on restoring the surface chemical properties and cytocompatibility of experimentally contaminated titanium surfaces
Authors: Ichioka Yuki , Kado Takashi , Mashima Izumi , Nakazawa Futoshi , Endo Kazuhiko , Furuichi Yasushi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different chemotherapeutic agents, following air‐abrasive debridement, on surface chemical properties and cytocompatibility. Disks contaminated with Streptococcus gordonii biofilm were treated with air‐abrasion and immersion in either 0.9% NaCl (Air + NaCl), 0.05% alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) (Air + AEW), or 3% H2O2 (Air + H2O2). Noncontaminated and untreated titanium disks served as a control (As‐polished). The efficacy of biofilm removal, magnitude of initial cytocompatibility toward human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and surface chemical properties were determined. In all treatment groups, biofilms containing microorganisms were observed to be completely removed. The data showed discrepancies for cell affinities among treatment groups, whereby: (1) the number of cells attached to the Air + AEW treated surfaces was approximately two times greater than that to the Air + NaCl treated surfaces; and (2) cell spreading was significantly enhanced on the Air + AEW treated surfaces compared with the Air + NaCl or Air + H2O2 treated surfaces. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data showed that the mean relative concentrations of nitrogen to titanium on the As‐polished, Air + NaCl, Air + AEW, and Air + H2O2 surfaces were 0.0079, 0.0237, 0.0071, and 0.0210, respectively, which would provide a clear understanding that these discrepancies could be attributed to sufficient removals of organic‐nitrogen deposits at the same magnitude as the As‐polished following the Air + AEW treatment. This study clarifies that chemical surface treatment with AEW, as an adjunctive to air‐abrasive debridement may be beneficial in restoring surface properties for tissue integration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:183–191, 2020.
Oroactive dental biomaterials and their use in endodontic therapy
Authors: Patel Ebrahim , Pradeep Priyamvada , Kumar Pradeep , Choonara Yahya E. , Pillay Viness 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDental biomaterials have revolutionized modern therapies. Untreated dental caries remains the major etiological factor for endodontic treatment, and together with a decreasing rate of tooth loss escalates the importance of continuously improving the materials used for endodontic therapies. Endodontic biomaterials are used for vital pulp therapies, irrigation, intracanal medicaments, obturation and regenerative procedures. These materials offer several functions including: antimicrobial activity, mechanical reinforcement, aesthetics, and therapeutic effects. Vital pulp therapies have seen an improvement in clinical results with an incremental approach to build on the strengths of past materials such as calcium hydroxide and calcium silicates. While sodium hypochlorite remains the gold standard for canal irrigation, numerous nanoparticle formulations have been developed to promote sustained antimicrobial action. Gutta‐percha based bulk fillers remain the most common materials for root filling. However, while multiple studies focus on the development of novel formulations containing drugs, glass derivatives or ionic‐, polymeric‐, or drug‐ loaded nanoparticles, a lack of reliable and long‐term clinical evidence obligates further study as experienced clinicians prefer to use what has worked for decades. This review delves in to the biochemistry of the materials to scrutinize their shortcomings, and where opportunity lies to further enhance their efficacy in endodontic practice. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:201–212, 2020.
Dual functional nanoparticles containing SOX duo and ANGPT4 shRNA for osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Jeong Se‐Young , Kang Mi‐Lan , Park Jeong‐Won , Im Gun‐Il 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn our previous studies, we found that adult stem cells transfected with sex‐determining region Y‐box (SOX)‐9, ‐6 and ‐5 genes (SOX trio) enhanced chondrogenesis and suppressed the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The inhibition of angiopoietin‐like 4 (ANGPT4) is known to reduce levels of cartilage damaging enzymes, such as, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we designed nanoparticles comprising dexamethasone‐conjugated polyethylenimine (DEXPEI) complexed with minicircle plasmid (MC) harboring SOX duo (SOX‐9, ‐6) and ANGPTL4 small hairpin RNA (shANG) [MCSOX9/6/shANG] in the expectation that transfection of these nanoparticles would enhance chondrogenesis of stem cells and suppress inflammation in OA. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) transfected with MCSOX9/6/shANG (MCSOX9/6/shANG‐tADSCs) showed significantly higher expressions of COL2 gene and protein than MCSOX9/6‐transfected ADSCs (MCSOX9/6‐tADSCs) during in vitro chondrogenesis while both enhanced chondrogenesis in the absence of growth factor addition as compared with negative controls. Furthermore, the expressions of MMP13 and MMP3 genes were significantly more diminished in MCSOX9/6/shANG‐tADSCs than in MCSOX9/6‐tADSCs. In vivo experiments using surgically‐induced OA rats showed MCSOX9/6/shANG‐tADSC‐treated rats had significantly lower levels of cyclooxygenase (COX‐2) and MMP13 in synovial fluids than MCSOX9/6‐tADSC‐treated rats, but no significant difference was observed between them in histological appearances. Both groups showed significantly less joint destruction than control groups did. These results demonstrate that dual functional nanoparticles containing SOX duo and ANGPT4 shRNA enhance chondrogenesis of ADSCs and suppress inflammation in OA. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:234–242, 2020.