bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is stage of change enough? Confidence as a predictor of outcome in inpatient treatment for eating disorders
Authors: Iyar Megumi M. , Cox Daniel W. , Kealy David , Srikameswaran Suja , Geller Josie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveWhile stage of change has been shown to be a robust predictor of eating disorder treatment outcome, little attention has been paid to the role of confidence. This study sought to better understand the role of confidence and the possible interaction it may have with stage of change in promoting eating disorder symptom change.MethodParticipants were adult women in inpatient treatment for eating disorders. They completed measures of motivation for change, which assessed precontemplation, action, confidence and internality (changing for oneself vs. others) and eating disorder symptom severity at pretreatment (N = 159) and posttreatment (n = 59). Only treatment completer analyses were used.ResultsPrecontemplation and confidence had significant effects on pretreatment and posttreatment symptom severity, while action only had a significant effect on pretreatment symptoms. Confidence was shown to moderate relations between both measures of stage of change (i.e., precontemplation and action) and symptoms posttreatment. Follow‐up analyses indicated that high precontemplation was associated with poor outcome, irrespective of confidence, however, low precontemplation was associated with better outcome at high levels of confidence. The interaction between confidence and action was also significant at very high levels of confidence. That is, among individuals who had high action at baseline, those with low confidence had significantly poorer outcomes relative to those with high confidence.DiscussionFindings indicate that stage of change and confidence are both important prognostic factors and suggest that early behavior change in the absence of confidence may not guarantee best outcomes in inpatient eating disorder treatment.
Menopausal status and disordered eating and body image concerns among middle‐aged women
Authors: Thompson Katherine A. , Bardone‐Cone Anna M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders are present among middle‐aged women, yet most eating disorder knowledge comes from adolescents and young adults. There is arguably a need for research specific to middle‐aged women and eating pathology. One biological factor that may contribute to eating disorder symptoms and is unique to middle‐aged women is menopause, given the changes in body shape and weight that direct women's bodies away from the young, thin beauty standard.MethodThis study explored group differences in disordered eating and body image by menopausal status. Participants were 310 middle‐aged women between the ages of 40 and 68. They completed an online survey about their menopausal status, disordered eating, and body image concerns. We compared disordered eating behaviors and attitudes across three groups: premenopausal women, perimenopausal women, and postmenopausal women.ResultsResults indicated no group differences on either disordered eating or body image concerns by menopausal status.DiscussionThese findings suggest the perimenopausal period may not be a window of vulnerability for women in general. Given these mixed findings, future research should examine moderators to determine when there are menopausal status group differences on eating pathology.
Independently evolved and gene flow‐accelerated pesticide resistance in two‐spotted spider mites
Authors: Shi Pan , Cao Li‐Jun , Gong Ya‐Jun , Ma Ling , Song Wei , Chen Jin‐Cui , Hoffmann Ary A. , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPest species are often able to develop resistance to pesticides used to control them, depending on how rapidly resistance can emerge within a population or spread from another resistant population. We examined the evolution of bifenazate resistance in China in the two‐spotted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus uticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), one of the most resistant arthropods, by using bioassays, detection of mutations in the target cytb gene, and population genetic structure analysis using microsatellite markers. Bioassays showed variable levels of resistance to bifenazate. The cytb mutation G126S, which confers medium resistance in TSSM to bifenazate, had previously been detected prior to the application of bifenazate and was now widespread, suggesting likely resistance evolution from standing genetic variation. G126S was detected in geographically distant populations across different genetic clusters, pointing to the independent origin of this mutation in different TSSM populations. A novel A269V mutation linked to a low‐level resistance was detected in two southern populations. Widespread resistance associated with a high frequency of the G126S allele was found in four populations from the Beijing area which were not genetically differentiated. In this case, a high level of gene flows likely accelerated the development of resistance within this local region, as well as into an outlying region distant from Beijing. These findings, therefore, suggest patterns consistent with both local evolution of pesticide resistance as well as an impact of migration, helping to inform resistance management strategies in TSSM.
Nutrient acquisition strategies augment growth in tropical N2‐fixing trees in nutrient‐poor soil and under elevated CO2
Authors: Nasto Megan K. , Winter Klaus , Turner Benjamin L. , Cleveland Cory C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTropical forests play a dominant role in the global carbon (C) cycle, and models predict increases in tropical net primary productivity (NPP) and C storage in response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. The extent to which increasing CO2 will enhance NPP depends in part on the availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to support growth. Some tropical trees can potentially overcome nutrient limitation by acquiring N via symbiotic dinitrogen (N2) fixation, which may provide a benefit in acquiring P via investment in N‐rich phosphatase enzymes or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We conducted a seedling experiment to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 and soil nutrient availability on the growth of two N2‐fixing and two non‐N2‐fixing tropical tree species. We hypothesized that under elevated CO2 and at low nutrient availability (i.e., low N and P), N2 fixers would have higher growth rates than non‐N2 fixers because N2 fixers have a greater capacity to acquire both N and P. We also hypothesized that differences in growth rates between N2 fixers and non‐N2 fixers would decline as nutrient availability increases because N2 fixers no longer have an advantage in nutrient acquisition. We found that the N2 fixers had higher growth rates than the non‐N2 fixers under elevated CO2 and at low nutrient availability, and that the difference in growth rates between the N2 and non‐N2 fixers declined as nutrient availability increased, irrespective of CO2. Overall, N2 fixation, root phosphatase activity, and AM colonization decreased with increasing nutrient availability, and increased under elevated CO2 at low nutrient availability. Further, AM colonization was positively related to the growth of the non‐N2 fixers, whereas both N2 fixation and root phosphatase activity were positively related to the growth of the N2 fixers. Though our results indicate all four tree species have the capacity to up‐ or down‐regulate nutrient acquisition to meet their stoichiometric demands, the greater capacity for the N2 fixers to acquire both N and P may enable them to overcome nutritional constraints to NPP under elevated CO2, with implications for the response of tropical forests to future environmental change.
Dielectrophoretic trapping of single leukemic cells using the conventional and compact optical measurement systems
Authors: Sharifi Noghabi Hamideh , Soo Mandy , Khamenehfar Avid , Li Paul C.H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHere, we report a microfluidic same‐single‐cell analysis to study the inhibition of multidrug resistance due to drug efflux on single leukemic cells. Drug efflux inhibition was investigated in the microfluidic chip using two different fluorescence detection systems, namely, a compact single‐cell bioanalyzer and the conventional optical detection system constructed from an inverted microscope and a microphotometer. More importantly, a compact signal generator was used to conduct dielectrophoretic cell trapping together with the compact SCB. By using the DEP force, a single acute myeloid leukemia cell was trapped in the cell retention structure of the chip. This allowed us to detect dye accumulation in the MDR leukemic cells in the presence of cyclosporine A (CsA). CsA and rhodamine 123 were used as the P‐glycoprotein inhibitor and fluorescent dye, respectively. The result showed that the Rh123 fluorescence signal in a single‐cell increased dramatically over its same‐cell control on both fluorescence detection systems due to the inhibition by CsA.
Analysis of a reactive distillation process to recover tertiary amines and acid for use in a combined nickel extraction‐mineral carbonation process
Authors: Zappala Lauren C. , Balucan Reydick D. , Vaughan James , Steel Karen M. 
Published: February 2019

A range of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies are under development to suit the needs of different geographies and industries. Nickel laterites are a form of naturally weathered ultramafic rock, which makes them a suitable feedstock for CCUS via mineral carbonation. The pH swing processes developed for mineral carbonation use acid and base in a similar manner to nickel laterite refining, thus there is an opportunity to integrate the two processes.The success of pH swing processes is heavily dependent on the ability to regenerate the acid and base within the process and have low energy requirements. This contribution presents a pH swing nickel extraction‐mineral carbonation process, which uses triethylamine as the base and sulfuric acid, and reports results of regeneration experiments performed by distillation of triethylamine and sulfuric acid solutions.From the studies, the optimal pH of the regenerated acid is approximately 2.5 and at this point a highly selective separation is achieved with 70% recovery of amine while removing 13% of the water. It is proposed that formation of triethylammonium bisulphate (Et3NH+HSO4−) limits the recovery of amine. Future studies will assess the leaching efficacy of the regenerated acid. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13141, 2019
A Vitellogenin Antibody in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera): Characterization and Application as Potential Biomarker for Insecticide Exposure
Authors: Christen Verena , Vogel Maren Susanne , Hettich Timm , Fent Karl 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The insect yolk precursor vitellogenin is a lipoglycoprotein synthesized and stored in the fat body and secreted into the hemolymph. In honey bees, vitellogenin displays crucial functions in hormone signaling, behavioral transition of nurse bees to foragers, stress resistance, and longevity in workers. Plant protection products such as neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and organophosphates alter the transcriptional expression of vitellogenin. To assess plant protection product-induced alterations on the protein level, we developed a rabbit polyclonal vitellogenin antibody. After characterization, we assessed its specificity and vitellogenin levels in different tissues of worker bees. The vitellogenin antibody recognized full-length 180-kDa vitellogenin and the lighter fragment of 150 kDa in fat body, hemolymph, and brain. In hemolymph, a band of approximately 75 kDa was detected. Subsequent mass spectrometric analysis (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) confirmed the 180- and 150-kDa bands as vitellogenin. Subsequently, we evaluated vitellogenin expression in brain, fat body, and hemolymph on 24-h exposure of bees to 3 ng/bee to the neonicotinoid clothianidin. Full-length vitellogenin was upregulated 3-fold in the fat body, and the 150-kDa fragment was upregulated in the brain of exposed honey bees, whereas no alteration occurred in the hemolymph. Upregulation of the vitellogenin protein by the neonicotinoid clothianidin is in line with the previously shown induction of its transcript. We conclude that vitellogenin might serve as a potential biomarker for neonicotinoid and other pesticide exposure in bees. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1–10. © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
Vitellogenin: A pesticide biomarker?
Essential oils of Moldavian Thymus species: Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti‐Aspergillus and antigenotoxic activities
Authors: Aprotosoaie Ana Clara , Miron Anca , Ciocârlan Nina , Brebu Mihai , Roşu Crăiţa Maria , Trifan Adriana , Vochiţa Gabriela , Gherghel Daniela , Luca Simon Vlad , Niţă Alexandru , Costache Irina‐Iuliana , Mihai Cosmin Teodor 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThymus species are important aromatic, medicinal and culinary plants with a significant economic value. This study evaluated for the first time the chemical composition and in vitro bioactivities of the essential oils (EOs) from five Moldavian Thymus species (T. vulgaris, T. × citriodorus, T. calcareus) and cultivars (T. vulgaris ‘Faustini’, T. citriodorus ‘Aureus’). The main compounds in Thymus EOs were: thymol in T. vulgaris and T. calcareus EOs (55.44% and 55.45%, respectively), lavandulol in T. × citriodorus EO (54.27%), and geraniol in T. citriodorus ‘Aureus’ and T. vulgaris ‘Faustini’ EOs (60.31% and 31.45%, respectively). T. vulgaris and T. calcareus EOs showed the most potent antioxidant activities (EC50=0.003 mg/mL in ABTS radical cation scavenging assay) and exhibited significant inhibitory effects against aflatoxin‐producing Aspergillus flavus fungus (MIC=0.25 μL/mL). At doses that provided micromolar concentrations of thymol, T. vulgaris and T. calcareus EOs acted genoprotective at preventive and interventional levels against H2O2‐induced genomic damage in V79 cells, the former being more active (6.21% and 5.52% vs. 25.13% and 7.26% tail DNA in pre‐ and post‐treatment protocols, respectively). The genoprotective effects may be ascribed to antioxidant potential and, possibly, to stimulation of DNA repair processes. The Moldavian Thymus species are valuable resources of bioactive EOs for pharmaceutical and food industries (T. vulgaris, T.calcareus) but also for flavor industry and perfumery (T. × citriodorus, T. citriodorus ‘Aureus’, T. vulgaris ‘Faustini’).
The usefulness of visual rating of posterior atrophy in predicting rapid cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: A preliminary study
Authors: Suh Jeewon , Park Young Ho , Kim Hang‐Rai , Jang Jae‐Won , Kang Min Ju , Yang Jimin , Baek Min Jae , Kim SangYun 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundApproximately 10% to 30% of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients progress rapidly in severity and become more dependent on caregivers. Although several studies have investigated whether imaging biomarkers such as medial temporal atrophy (MTA) and posterior atrophy (PA) are useful for predicting the rapid progression of AD, their results have been inconsistent.ObjectiveThe study aims to investigate the association of visually rated MTA and PA with rapid disease progression in AD.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 159 AD patients who were initially diagnosed with mild AD and were followed for 1 year to determine whether they progressed rapidly (a decrease of three points or more on the Mini‐Mental State Examination over 1 year). We used 5‐point and 4‐point visual rating scales to assess MTA and PA, respectively. MTA and PA scores for each patient were dichotomized as normal (without atrophy) or abnormal (atrophy). We performed a logistic regression analysis to determine the odds ratios (ORs) of MTA and PA for rapid disease progression with adjustment for covariates.ResultsWithin the study population, 47 (29.6%) patients progressed rapidly. Visual assessment of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed that 112 patients (70.4%) showed MTA, whereas 80 patients (50.3%) showed PA. The ORs with 95% confidence intervals for MTA and PA were 1.825 (0.819‐4.070) and 2.844 (1.378‐5.835), respectively. The association of visually assessed PA, but not MTA, with rapid progression was significant after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionIn patients with mild AD, visual assessment of PA exhibits independent predictive value for rapid disease progression.
Prevalence and determinants of subjective cognitive decline in a representative Greek elderly population
Authors: Vlachos George S. , Cosentino Stephanie , Kosmidis Mary H. , Anastasiou Costas A. , Yannakoulia Mary , Dardiotis Efthimios , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios , Sakka Paraskevi , Ntanasi Eva , Scarmeas Nikolaos 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesWe studied the prevalence of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and its determinants in a sample of 1456 cognitively normal Greek adults ≥65 years old.Methods/designSubjects were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team on their neurological, medical, neuropsychological, and lifestyle profile to reach consensus diagnoses. We investigated various types of SCD, including single‐question, general memory decline, specific subjective memory decline based on a list of questions and three types of subjective naming, orientation, and calculation decline.ResultsIn a single general question about memory decline, 28.0% responded positively. The percentage of our sample that reported at least one complaint related to subjective memory decline was 76.6%. Naming difficulties were also fairly common (26.0%), while specific deficits in orientation (5.4%) and calculations/currency handling (2.6%) were rare. The majority (84.2%) of the population reported subjective deficits in at least one cognitive domain. Genetic predisposition to dementia increased the odds for general memory decline by more than 1.7 times. For each one‐unit reduction in the neuropsychological composite score (a mean of memory, executive, language, visuospatial, and attention‐speed composite scores), the odds for decline in orientation increased by 40.3%. Depression/anxiety and increased cerebrovascular risk were risk factors for almost all SCD types.ConclusionsSCD regarding memory is more frequent than non‐memory decline in the cognitively normal Greek elderly population. Genetic predisposition to dementia, lower cognitive performance, affective symptoms, and increased cerebrovascular risk are associated with prevalent SCD. Further prospective research is needed to improve understanding of the evolution of SCD over time.
Quality of education impacts late‐life cognition
Authors: Mantri Sneha , Nwadiogbu Chinwe , Fitts Whitney , Dahodwala Nabila 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesScreening tests of global cognition detect racial differences in scores even after adjustment for educational attainment. Differential educational environments in adolescence may affect individual cognitive function. This study examines the impact of high school educational quality on late‐life cognition among community‐dwelling older adults.Methods/designData were collected from community‐dwelling individuals from the Philadelphia Healthy Brain Aging (PHBA) cohort at the University of Pennsylvania Health System. The present analysis included subjects from the PHBA over the age of 55 years without a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease or dementia, who had attended high school in the City of Philadelphia. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); clinical information was abstracted from the subject's electronic health record. High school information was obtained from the Philadelphia Board of Education. After univariable correlations were defined, we performed stepwise multiple linear regression models to determine the most significant predictors of late‐life cognitive status.ResultsA total of 130 subjects meeting inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Years of education, race, educational level, school district, and financial status were all positively associated with MoCA. Significant negative associations included composite vascular risk, attendance at highly segregated schools, and historical poverty status. In stepwise multiple linear regression modeling, the impact of race on cognition remained significant when educational attainment was added to the model but was no longer significant once segregation status was added.ConclusionsThis work suggests that academic and community factors beyond years of education have a marked impact on late‐life cognition.
Cortical pattern of reduced perfusion in hearing loss revealed by ASL‐MRI
Authors: Ponticorvo Sara , Manara Renzo , Pfeuffer Josef , Cappiello Arianna , Cuoco Sofia , Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Saponiero Renato , Troisi Donato , Cassandro Claudia , John Marta , Scarpa Alfonso , Cassandro Ettore , Di Salle Francesco , Esposito Fabrizio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAge‐related hearing loss (HL) can be related to brain dysfunction or structural damage and may result in cerebral metabolic/perfusion abnormalities. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows investigating noninvasively brain perfusion changes. Pseudocontinuous ASL and T1‐weighted MRI (at 3 T) and neuropsychological testing (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were performed in 31 HL (age range = 47–77 years, mean age ± SD = 63.4 ± 8.4 years, pure‐tone average [PTA] HL > 50 dB) and 28 normal hearing (NH; age range = 48–78 years, mean age ± SD = 59.7 ± 7.4 years) subjects. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and gray matter volume (GMV) were analyzed in the cortical volume to assess perfusion and structural group differences. Two HL subjects showing cognitive impairment were excluded from group comparisons. No significant differences in either global or local atrophy were detected between groups but the HL group exhibited significant regional effects of reduced perfusion within the bilateral primary auditory cortex, with maximal CBF difference (−17.2%) in the right lateral Heschl's gyrus. For the whole sample of HL and NH subjects (n = 59 = 31 HL + 28 NH), the regional CBF was correlated positively to the regional GMV (p = 0.020). In HL subjects (n = 31), the regional CBF was correlated negatively to the audiogram steepness (frequency range: 2–4 kHz, right ear: p = 0.022, left ear: p = 0.015). The observed cortical pattern of perfusion reduction suggests that neuronal metabolism can be related to HL before the recognition of brain structural damage. This also illustrates the potential of ASL‐MRI to contribute early functional markers of reduced central processing associated with HL.
Numerical study of mixed convective heat transfer in a lid‐driven enclosure with rotating cylinders
Authors: Dalvi Shubham , Bali Snehal , Nayka Divyesh , Kale Suraj H. , Gohil Trushar B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA numerical simulation is performed to characterize the mixed convective transport in a three‐dimensional square lid‐driven enclosure with two rotating cylinders. The top wall is moving in the positive x‐direction, and the bottom wall is at a higher fixed temperature compared with all other isothermal walls. Both cylinders are rotating in its own plane about their centroidal axis. On the basis of rotation of both cylinders in clockwise or counter‐clockwise directions, four rotational models are studied. Various controlling parameters considered in the present study are Grashof number (10
3 <
Gr < 10
5), rotating speed of the cylinder (5 <
ω < 50), and the Reynolds number based on top wall movement is fixed to 100. The effect of cylinder rotation on the heat transfer of bottom wall is reported with the help of streamlines, contour plots of
z‐component of vorticity, averaged and local Nusselt number, ratios of secondary flow and drag coefficient. It is observed that the heat transfer at the bottom wall is substantially dependent on the rotational model and rotational speed of the cylinder.