bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interneuronal gap junctions increase synchrony and robustness of hippocampal ripple oscillations
Authors: Holzbecher André , Kempter Richard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSharp wave–ripples (SWRs) are important for memory consolidation. Their signature in the hippocampal extracellular field potential can be decomposed into a ≈100 ms long sharp wave superimposed by ≈200 Hz ripple oscillations. How ripple oscillations are generated is currently not well understood. A promising model for the genesis of ripple oscillations is based on recurrent interneuronal networks (INT‐INT). According to this hypothesis, the INT‐INT network in CA1 receives a burst of excitation from CA3 that generates the sharp wave, and recurrent inhibition leads to an ultrafast synchronization of the CA1 network causing the ripple oscillations; fast‐spiking parvalbumin‐positive basket cells (PV+ BCs) may constitute the ripple‐generating interneuronal network. PV+ BCs are also coupled by gap junctions (GJs) but the function of GJs for ripple oscillations has not been quantified. Using simulations of CA1 hippocampal networks of PV+ BCs, we show that GJs promote synchrony beyond a level that could be obtained by only inhibition. GJs also increase the neuronal firing rate of the interneuronal ensemble, while they affect the ripple frequency only mildly. The promoting effect of GJs on ripple oscillations depends on fast GJ transmission (0.5 ms), which requires proximal GJ coupling (100 μm from soma), but is robust to variability in the delay and the amplitude of GJ coupling.
Depletion of soil organic carbon stocks are larger under plastic film mulching for maize
Authors: Lee Jeong Gu , Hwang Hyun Young , Park Mun Hyeong , Lee Chang Hoon , Kim Pil Joo 
Published: November 2018

To determine the effect of plastic film mulching (FM) on changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, the annual C balances were determined by analysing the net ecosystem C budget (NECB), which means the difference between total C input and output, under FM and with no mulching for 2 years. Plots with black FM and no mulching were installed as the main treatment, and chemical and organic fertilizer plots were placed within each main plot as sub‐treatments. In the organic fertilizer treatment, a mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) was cultivated as a cover crop during fallow seasons, and its whole biomass (9.1–13.9 Mg ha−1, DW) was recycled as green manure. Plastic film mulching significantly increased the maize yield (p < 0.001), mainly because of improved soil moisture and temperature conditions. This stimulated growth under FM, increased the net primary production (NPP) of maize by 3.8–4.7 and 5.0–5.2 Mg C ha−1 over no mulching in the chemical and organic fertilizer treatments, respectively. However, FM increased the loss of mineralized C by an average of 2.6 and 3.7 Mg C ha−1 over the no‐mulching plots for the same treatments. Because the whole aboveground biomass of maize was removed, the annual NECB had a large negative value under all treatments. For the chemical fertilizer treatment, the annual NECB was minus 6.1–7.1 Mg C ha−1 year−1 under no mulching, but under FM it decreased to minus 7.9–8.9 Mg C ha−1 year−1. Cover cropping and its biomass recycling, however, increased the annual NECB by 43–48% and 25–26% with no mulching and FM, respectively. Therefore, cover cropping and the recycling of its biomass and crop residues are more likely to sustain SOC stocks under the FM system.Highlights

Film mulching significantly increased maize yields and net primary production.
Film mulching significantly increased respired C loss in soil.
Film mulching significantly decreased soil C stock.
Cover cropping and incorporation of its biomass increased soil C stock.
Comparing two classification schemes for seizures and epilepsy in rural China
Authors: Wang F. , Chen Z. , Davagnanam I. , Hoskote C. , Ding D. , Wang W. , Yang B. , Wang Y. , Wang T. , Li W. , Sander J. W. , Kwan P. 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeThe International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) updated the classifications of seizures and epilepsies in 2017. The 2017 classifications were compared with the 1980s classifications in rural China.MethodsPeople with epilepsy receiving treatment under the National Epilepsy Control Programme were recruited from rural areas in China. Their seizures and epileptic syndrome were classified using the 1980s ILAE classification system and then re‐classified according to the 2017 system. Differences in seizure, epilepsy and aetiology classifications were identified.ResultsA total of 597 individuals (58% males, aged 6–78 years) were included. Amongst them 535 (90%) had a single seizure type, 57 (9.55%) had two types and five (0.84%) had three. There was complete agreement between the 1981 and 2017 classifications for the 525 individuals with focal seizures. Seizures originally classified as generalized in 10 of 65 individuals were re‐classified as unknown in the 2017 classification. Compared to the 1980s classifications, the proportion of individuals with unknown seizures and unknown epilepsy increased from 1.2% (7/597) to 2.8% (17/597, P = 0.002), and unknown aetiology increased from 32% (189/597: 182 cryptogenic and seven unclassified) to 39% (230/597; P < 0.001) in the 2017 classifications.ConclusionsThe 1980s and 2017 classifications had 100% agreement in classifying focal seizures and epilepsy in rural China. A small but significant proportion of generalized seizures and epilepsy and aetiologies classified in the old classifications were re‐classified to unknown in the new classifications. These results highlight the need for improvement in clinical evaluation of people with epilepsy in resource‐poor settings.
Dual antiplatelet therapy reduced stroke risk in high‐risk patients with transient ischaemic attack assessed by ABCD3‐I score
Authors: Song B. , Hu R. , Pei L. , Cao Y. , Chen P. , Sun S. , Wang X. , Tian X. , Guo Y. , Xu Y. 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeSeveral clinical trials have demonstrated that dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) benefited patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) with an ABCD2 score ≥4. The present study aimed to investigate whether the ABCD3‐I score could be a more appropriate tool for selection of patients with TIA to receive DAPT in real‐world settings.MethodsWe derived data from the TIA database of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The predictive outcome was ischaemic stroke at 90 days. The additive interaction effect was presented by the attributable proportion due to interaction. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to present cumulative stroke rates in different risk categories with monotherapy and DAPT. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine risk factors associated with stroke.ResultsAmong 785 patients, the mean (SD) age was 56.95 (12.73) years and 77 patients (9.8%) had an ischaemic stroke at 90 days. A total of 55.8% of patients (attributable proportion due to interaction; 95% confidence interval, 20.8%–90.9%) were attributed to additive interaction of ABCD3‐I score and antiplatelet therapy. Kaplan–Meier curves showed a significant difference between patients receiving monotherapy and DAPT in high‐risk patients with TIA (P = 0.021). DAPT reduced 90‐day stroke risk in high‐risk patients with TIA as assessed independently by ABCD3‐I score (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.92, P = 0.031). The benefit did not exist in low‐ and medium‐risk patients by ABCD3‐I score (patients with ABCD2 score ≥ 4 or <4).ConclusionsHigh‐risk patients with TIA assessed by ABCD3‐I score received the most pronounced clinical benefit from early use of DAPT in real‐world clinical experience.
Increased rate of acute caesarean sections in women with epilepsy: results from the Oppland Perinatal Database in Norway
Authors: Farmen A. H. , Grundt J. H. , Nakling J. O. , Mowinckel P. , Nakken K. O. , Lossius M. I. 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeStudies in women with epilepsy (WWE) regarding pregnancy and labour complications have disclosed contradictory results. Our purpose was to investigate whether WWE have a higher risk of acute caesarean section (CS) or pregnancy complications than women without epilepsy or women with other chronic diseases and, if we found a higher risk, to explore potential explanations.MethodsThe study used prospectively registered obstetric data from the Oppland Perinatal Database in the period 2001–2011, containing information on 18 244 births, including 110 singleton pregnancies in mothers with validated epilepsy. Data regarding epilepsy were collected retrospectively from medical records.ResultsEpilepsy was a significant risk factor for acute CS, breech presentation and low birth weight in offspring [odds ratio (OR), 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–3.1; OR, 2.29, 95% CI, 1.2–4.6 and OR, 2.10, 95% CI, 1.0–4.2, respectively]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, antiepileptic drug exposure was an independent risk factor for acute CS (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.06–3.77) and polytherapy was a significant risk factor for breech presentation (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.13–25.57). Seizure frequency during pregnancy had no influence on the complication rate.ConclusionsWe found that WWE using antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy had increased rates of acute CS, breech presentation and low birth weight, and that seizure frequency during pregnancy did not influence the complication rate.
Safety and efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation following natalizumab discontinuation in aggressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mariottini A. , Innocenti C. , Forci B. , Magnani E. , Mechi C. , Barilaro A. , Nistri R. , Fani A. , Saccardi R. , Massacesi L. , Repice A. M. 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeNatalizumab (NTZ) is a highly effective treatment for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but its withdrawal is often followed by disease reactivation or rebound, even if other disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs) are administered. In this study, for the first time, the safety and efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (aHSCT) performed followingNTZdiscontinuation were retrospectively compared with conventionalDMTs.MethodsPatients with relapsing‐remitting MS treated withNTZwho discontinued the drug after at least six administrations and with at least 6 months of follow‐up were included. Patients underwentaHSCTafter a minimum of 6 months followingNTZwithdrawal, receiving meanwhile cyclophosphamide or corticosteroids, or otherDMTs approved for MS (control group) after an adequate wash‐out period. Both hematological and neurological follow‐up were assessed according to standard policies.ResultsA total of 52 patients were included, 11 who receivedaHSCTand 41 who receivedDMTs. Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics were similar between the two groups. No fatality or life‐threatening complications, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, were observed. At 3 years followingNTZdiscontinuation, no evidence of disease activity was reported in 54.5% of the patients in theaHSCTgroup compared with 11.5% of those in theDMTgroup (P = 0.0212). Disease reactivation in the patients withaHSCTwas observed only during wash‐out/bridging therapy and 100% of the cases were free from disease activity afteraHSCT.ConclusionsThese data suggest that an aggressive therapy should be established afterNTZwith the shortest possible wash‐out period.aHSCTafter 6 months fromNTZwithdrawal appears to be safe.
Membrane topologies of PEX13 and PEX14 provide new insights on the mechanism of protein import into peroxisomes
Authors: Barros‐Barbosa Aurora , Ferreira Maria J. , Rodrigues Tony A. , Pedrosa Ana G. , Grou Cláudia P. , Pinto Manuel P. , Fransen Marc , Francisco Tânia , Azevedo Jorge E. 
Published: November 2018

PEX13 and PEX14 are two core components of the so‐called peroxisomal docking/translocation module, the transmembrane hydrophilic channel through which newly synthesized peroxisomal proteins are translocated into the organelle matrix. The two proteins interact with each other and with PEX5, the peroxisomal matrix protein shuttling receptor, through relatively well characterized domains. However, the topologies of these membrane proteins are still poorly defined. Here, we subjected proteoliposomes containing PEX13 or PEX14 and purified rat liver peroxisomes to protease‐protection assays and analyzed the protected protein fragments by mass spectrometry, Edman degradation and western blotting using antibodies directed to specific domains of the proteins. Our results indicate that PEX14 is a bona fide intrinsic membrane protein with a Nin‐Cout topology, and that PEX13 adopts a Nout‐Cin topology, thus exposing its carboxy‐terminal Src homology 3 [SH3] domain into the organelle matrix. These results reconcile several enigmatic findings previously reported on PEX13 and PEX14 and provide new insights into the organization of the peroxisomal protein import machinery.EnzymesTrypsin, EC3.4.21.4; Proteinase K, EC3.4.21.64; Tobacco etch virus protease, EC3.4.22.44.
Sediment deposition from eroding peatlands alters headwater invertebrate biodiversity
Authors: Brown Lee E. , Aspray Katie L. , Ledger Mark E. , Mainstone Chris , Palmer Sheila M. , Wilkes Martin , Holden Joseph 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLand use and climate change are driving widespread modifications to the biodiverse and functionally unique headwaters of rivers. In temperate and boreal regions, many headwaters drain peatlands where land management and climate change can cause significant soil erosion and peat deposition in rivers. However, effects of peat deposition in river ecosystems remain poorly understood. We provide two lines of evidence—derived from sediment deposition gradients in experimental mesocosms (0–7.5 g/m2) and headwaters (0.82–9.67 g/m2)—for the adverse impact of peat deposition on invertebrate community biodiversity. We found a consistent negative effect of sediment deposition across both the experiment and survey; at the community level, decreases in density (1956 to 56 individuals per m2 in headwaters; mean 823 ± 129 (SE) to 288 ± 115 individuals per m2 in mesocosms) and richness (mean 12 ± 1 to 6 ± 2 taxa in mesocosms) were observed. Sedimentation increased beta diversity amongst experimental replicates and headwaters, reflecting increasing stochasticity amongst tolerant groups in sedimented habitats. With increasing sedimentation, the density of the most common species, Leuctra inermis, declined from 290 ± 60 to 70 ± 30 individuals/m2 on average in mesocosms and >800 individuals/m2 to 0 in the field survey. Traits analysis of mesocosm assemblages suggested biodiversity loss was driven by decreasing abundance of invertebrates with trait combinations sensitive to sedimentation (longer life cycles, active aquatic dispersal of larvae, fixed aquatic eggs, shredding feeding habit). Functional diversity metrics reinforced the idea of more stochastic community assembly under higher sedimentation rates. While mesocosm assemblages showed some compositional differences to surveyed headwaters, ecological responses were consistent across these spatial scales. Our results suggest short‐term, small‐scale stressor experiments can inform understanding of “real‐world” peatland river ecosystems. As climate change and land‐use change are expected to enhance peatland erosion, significant alterations to invertebrate biodiversity can be expected where these eroded soils are deposited in rivers.
Cosmetic benefit of a biomimetic lamellar cream formulation on barrier function or the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles in randomized proof‐of‐concept clinical studies
Authors: Nisbet S. , Mahalingam H. , Gfeller C. F. , Biggs E. , Lucas S. , Thompson M. , Cargill M.R. , Moore D. , Bielfeldt S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTwo studies were designed to evaluate the potential cosmetic benefit of a biomimetic, niacinamide‐containing moisturizing cream for the first time in humans.MethodsIn both studies, healthy women were randomized to use two treatments, one for the left side of the body and one for the right, from three options: the test cream, a positive control or no treatment (use of standard cleanser only). Treatments were applied twice daily for 4 weeks to the face and forearms (Study 1) or the face only (Study 2). Instrumental and clinical skin assessments were performed by trained technicians. Study 1 involved tape stripping and a 5‐day no‐treatment (‘regression’) period at the end of the 4 weeks. Independent lay graders were asked to grade the skin texture of subjects in Study 2 from high‐resolution photographs.ResultsIn Study 1 (n = 66), the test cream significantly decreased the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values on the forearm, and in the cheek area of the face, relative to baseline and compared to no treatment, and increased skin Corneometer values. The improvements were partially retained during a subsequent 5‐day period of no treatment. Increases in TEWL values on skin subjected to tape stripping were significantly lower after 4 weeks of using the test cream compared to no treatment. In Study 2 (n = 72 subjects with visible signs of ageing), there was a favourable trend in the change from baseline of a skin roughness parameter, Ra, for the test cream compared to no treatment. There were statistically significant improvements in the Fitzpatrick wrinkle score compared to no treatment, decreases in TEWL and increased Corneometer values and Cutometer values (R5 elasticity parameter). Grading of high‐resolution images failed to detect the improvements in skin texture (defined as pores, smoothness and unevenness) for the test cream vs. no treatment. No treatment‐related serious or severe adverse events were reported.ConclusionTwice daily application of the test cream over 4 weeks had beneficial effects on skin barrier function, moisturization, wrinkle dimensions and elasticity compared to no treatment. These studies provide proof‐of‐concept evidence and highlight the cosmetic benefit of the biomimetic lamellar cream formulation. Study registration: NCT03216265, NCT03180645.
Hydration of C3S in presence of CA: Mineral‐pore solution interaction
Authors: Nehring Jörg , Jansen Daniel , Neubauer Jürgen , Goetz‐Neunhoeffer Friedlinde 
Published: November 2018

AbstractC3S and CA are the main phases of OPC and Fe‐rich CAC, respectively. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of CA on C3S hydration, representing an under sulfated OPC‐rich binder, and to shed light on the underlying hydration mechanisms. To this end, C3S was blended with 1‐30 wt‐% CA and the pastes (w/c 0.5) were investigated by heat flow calorimetry, in situ X‐ray diffraction and analysis of the pore solution chemistry. CA additions ≥5 wt‐% reveal a separation into three distinct heat flow maxima, whereas additions ≤3 wt‐% just retard the start of the main reaction. The silicate reaction (dissolution of C3S and precipitation of C–S–H with or without CH) can be retarded for 4 to ≥22 hours in comparison to pure C3S depending on the admixed CA content. The start of the silicate reaction seems to be related to a decrease in Al‐ and increase in Ca‐concentration in the pore solution. However, it can be shown in this study that C3S is able to dissolve even at high Al concentrations in the pore solution.
Antibacterial and photocatalytic active transparent TiO2 crystallized CaO–BaO–B2O3–Al2O3–TiO2–ZnO glass nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Sumeet K. , Sharma Moolchand , Singh Vinay P. , Vaish Rahul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransparent TiO2 crystallized 5CaO–10BaO–65B2O3–Al2O3–20TiO2–10ZnO (CBBATZ) glass nanocomposites were fabricated using melt‐quenching technique followed by specific heat treatments. As‐quenched glass samples were provided three different heat treatments at 630°C for 3, 5, and 10 hours in order to obtain different amounts of TiO2 nanocrystals in the glass. The presence of rutile phase of TiO2 nanocrystals in glass was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The glass nanocomposite heat treated for 10 hours showed a hydrophobic nature with contact angle of 90.90°. Contact angle decreased from 90.90 to 22.20°, when irradiated under ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 45 minutes. This photoinduced hydrophilicity showed a photocatalytic and self‐cleaning properties of glass nanocomposite. During photocatalytic ink test, the maximum change in color of Resurin (Rz) ink and 60% degradation in absorbance of ink within 150 minutes under UV radiation were found for glass nanocomposite heat treated at 10 hours. Also, 78% degradation in absorbance of methylene blue dye (pollutant) within 180 minutes under UV irradiation was found for glass naocomposite heat‐treated at 10 hours. Antibacterial performance of transparent glass nanocomposite against Escherichia coli was evaluated as well. More than 95% of the bacterial cells were degraded with glass nanocomposite heat‐treated at 10 hours. CBBATZ glass nanocomposite found to impart the antibacterial effect through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aqueous medium. ROS species which was confirmed in the bacterial cell through intracellular ROS generation kit. During evaluation of mechanical properties using nanoindentation technique, the values of hardness and reduced modulus increased by ~26% and 10%, respectively, for glass nanocomposite heat‐treated at 10 hours as compared to as‐quenched glass.
Interplay between age‐based competitive asymmetries within the brood and direct competition between inbred and outbred offspring in a burying beetle
Authors: Miller Mhairi , Ratz Tom , Richardson Jon , Smiseth Per T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTheory suggests that intraspecific competition associated with direct competition between inbred and outbred individuals should be an important determinant of the severity of inbreeding depression. The reason is that, if outbred individuals are stronger competitors than inbred ones, direct competition should have a disproportionate effect on the fitness of inbred individuals. However, an individual's competitive ability is not only determined by its inbreeding status but also by competitive asymmetries that are independent of an individual's inbreeding status. When this is the case, such competitive asymmetries may shape the outcome of direct competition between inbred and outbred individuals. Here, we investigate the interface between age‐based competitive asymmetries within broods and direct competition between inbred and outbred offspring in the burying beetleNicrophorus vespilloides. We found that inbred offspring had lower survival than outbred ones confirming that there was inbreeding depression. Furthermore, seniors (older larvae) grew to a larger size and had higher survival than juniors (younger larvae), confirming that there were age‐based competitive asymmetries. Nevertheless, there was no evidence that direct competition between inbred and outbred larvae exacerbated inbreeding depression, no evidence that inbreeding depression was more severe in juniors and no evidence that inbred juniors suffered disproportionately due to competition from outbred seniors. Our results suggest that direct competition between inbred and outbred individuals does not necessarily exacerbate inbreeding depression and that inbred individuals are not always more sensitive to poor and stressful conditions than outbred ones.