bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Rolle der nahrungsbedingten Säurebelastung für den Knochen
Authors: Remer T. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDurch Ernährungseinflüsse auf den Säure-Basen-Status lassen sich nicht nur der Urin pH-Wert und damit das Nierensteinrisiko beeinflussen. Vielmehr hat eine hohe nutritive Säurelast auch Auswirkungen auf präventivmedizinische relevante funktionelle Outcomes wie den Knochenstatus. Klinisch manifeste Azidosen gehen regelmäßig mit überhöhter Kalziumausscheidung, negativer Kalziumbilanz und deutlichem Knochenmineralverlust einher. Auch bei sogenannten milden metabolisch kompensierten Azidoseformen mit Serum-Bikarbonat-Spiegeln und Blut-pH Werten im Normalbereich, wie sie bei hoher Eiweißzufuhr und gleichzeitig sehr geringem Obst- und Gemüseverzehr auftreten können, findet sich gehäuft ein verschlechterter Knochenstatus. Entsprechende Ergebnisse aus prospektiv kontrollierten Beobachtungs- und randomisiert-kontrollierten Interventionsstudien an Erwachsenen werden kurz vorgestellt und bewertet, ebenso wie Langzeitbeobachtungen an gesunden Kindern. Da bei nutritiv hoher Säurebelastung zwar erhöhte renale Kalziumverluste auftreten, die Kalziumbilanz aber nicht per se negativ ist, kann eine verminderte Kalziumverfügbarkeit als Hauptursache für eine reduzierte Knochenmasse unter Ernährung mit hoher Säurelast ausgeschlossen werden. Stattdessen wird die bereits bei milder Azidose oder erhöhter Netto-Säureausscheidung beobachtbare Steigerung der Kortisol-Sekretion als ein wahrscheinlicher Mechanismus für präventivmedizinisch relevante Langzeitbeeinträchtigungen des Skelettsystems diskutiert.
Die Rolle von Nahrungsproteinen für die Knochen- und Muskelgesundheit
Authors: Meyer U. , Fischbacher M. , Bischoff-Ferrari H. A. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungEine gesunde Ernährung ist die Grundlage einer optimalen Knochenentwicklung im Kindesalter und Knochen- und Muskelerhaltung im Erwachsenenalter. Sowohl mechanisch wie auch biologisch ist der Knochen ans muskuläre System gekoppelt und im Alter geht der Verlust von Knochenmasse (Osteoporose) eng mit dem Verlust der Muskelmasse (Sarkopenie) einher. Osteoporose-bedingte Knochenbrüche beinträchtigen die Gesundheit der Betroffenen maßgeblich und ihre Prävalenz wird in den kommenden Jahren zunehmen. Modifizierbare Faktoren, die zur Muskel- und Knochengesundheit beitragen, wie eine ausreichende Zufuhr von Proteinen, werden deshalb immer wichtiger. Für ältere und gebrechliche Menschen ist die Proteinzufuhr besonders zentral, da der Proteinbedarf im Alter zunimmt, aber gleichzeitig auch das Risiko für Proteinmangelernährung steigt. Der nachfolgende Übersichtsartikel fasst zusammen, wie Proteine physiologisch auf Knochen und Muskel wirken und wie sich die Proteineinnahme im Verlaufe des Lebens auf die Muskel- und Knochengesundheit auswirkt. Zudem wird der Proteinbedarf für verschiedene Altersgruppen diskutiert.
Treatment of Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC)
Authors: Griffith David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most commonly isolated nontuberculous mycobacterial respiratory pathogen worldwide. MAC lung disease is manifested either by fibrocavitary radiographic changes similar to pulmonary tuberculosis or by bronchiectasis with nodular and reticulonodular radiographic changes. This latter form of MAC lung disease, termed “nodular bronchiectatic (NB) MAC lung disease” is the most common form of MAC lung disease in the United States. Treatment at the time of diagnosis is always indicated for fibrocavitary MAC lung disease because it is always progressive and associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared with NB MAC lung disease. In contrast, the NB form of MAC lung disease is more indolent and frequently does not require antimycobacterial therapy. For patients with NB MAC lung disease, the priorities are typically to treat the underlying bronchiectasis and determine the course and impact of the MAC infection over time. Guidelines-based MAC therapy with multidrug regimens including macrolides is usually effective, but far from as predictably effective and durable as therapy for tuberculosis. It is imperative that clinicians are familiar with MAC drug resistance mechanisms and the pitfalls of inappropriate dependence on in vitro drug susceptibility testing which can predispose patients to the development of macrolide resistance with its attendant high mortality. It is now more than 20 years since the emergence of macrolides for MAC therapy with no new comparably effective agents introduced in that time, although one new inhaled amikacin therapy under study offers promise.
Number of Preoperative Hyperhidrosis Sites Does Not Affect the Sympathectomy Postoperative Results and Compensatory Hyperhidrosis Occurrence
Authors: Wolosker Nelson , Leiderman Dafne Braga Diamante , de Campos Jose Ribas Millanez , Kauffman Paulo , Tedde Miguel Lia , Yazbek Guilherme , Puech-Leão Pedro 
Published: August 2018

Background Patients with primary hyperhidrosis present with sweating in two or more sites in nearly 85% of cases. In this study, we examined whether the number of hyperhidrosis sites is related to the surgery outcomes.
Methods One hundred ninety-three hyperhidrosis patients who underwent bilateral videothoracoscopic sympathectomy after failure or dissatisfaction with clinical treatment were distributed into three groups based on the number of hyperhidrosis sites (one site, two sites, and three or more sites of hyperhidrosis). The primary endpoints in the study were as follows: quality of life prior to surgery, improvement of quality of life after surgery, clinical improvement of sweating, presence or absence of compensatory hyperhidrosis, and general satisfaction after 1 month of surgery.
Results Patients with two or more hyperhidrosis sites had worse quality of life before surgery than patients with a single hyperhidrosis site. There was an improvement in the quality of life in more than 95% of the patients, clinical improvement in more than 95% of patients, severe compensatory hyperhidrosis in less than 10%, and low general satisfaction after 1 month of surgery in only 2.60% of the patients, with no differences among the three groups.
Conclusions Patients with more than one preoperative hyperhidrosis site present worse quality of life prior to surgery than those with a single hyperhidrosis site, but the number of hyperhidrosis sites before surgery does not affect surgery outcomes.
Low-Volume Cardioplegia and Myocardial Protection in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Tschopp Samuel , Eckstein Friedrich , Matt Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe studied myocardial protection during coronary artery bypass graft surgery using low-volume cardioplegia (Cardioplexol) and minimal extracorporeal circulation (MECC) for different types of coronary artery diseases. In total, 426 consecutive patients were included and divided into four groups: those with left main stem stenosis (n = 45), those with three-vessel disease (n = 200), those with both (n = 141), and those with neither (n = 40). The peak postoperative myocardial markers and 30-day mortality were analyzed. Both myocardial markers and 30-day mortality were significantly elevated in patients with isolated main stem stenosis. We conclude that the use of low-volume cardioplegia and MECC is safe. However, patients with underlying isolated left main stem stenosis might be less protected.
Incomplete penetrance for isolated congenital asplenia in humans with mutations in translated and untranslated
RPSA
exons
Authors: Bolze Alexandre , Boisson Bertrand , Bosch Barbara , Antipenko Alexander , Bouaziz Matthieu , Sackstein Paul , Chaker-Margot Malik , Barlogis Vincent , Briggs Tracy , Colino Elena , Elmore Aurora C. , Fischer Alain , Genel Ferah , Hewlett Angela , Jedidi Maher , Kelecic Jadranka , Krüger Renate , Ku Cheng-Lung , Kumararatne Dinakantha , Lefevre-Utile Alain , Loughlin Sam , Mahlaoui Nizar , Markus Susanne , Garcia Juan-Miguel , Nizon Mathilde , Oleastro Matias , Pac Malgorzata , Picard Capucine , Pollard Andrew J. , Rodriguez-Gallego Carlos , Thomas Caroline , Von Bernuth Horst , Worth Austen , Meyts Isabelle , Risolino Maurizio , Selleri Licia , Puel Anne , Klinge Sebastian , Abel Laurent , Casanova Jean-Laurent 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Isolated congenital asplenia (ICA) is characterized by the absence of a spleen at birth without any other developmental defect. ICA predisposes individuals to severe bacterial infections early in childhood. In 2013, we showed that very rare deleterious mutations in the protein-coding region of RPSA, which codes for a protein in the ribosome, caused ICA in 8 of 23 kindreds. We have since enrolled 33 more kindreds and identified 11 new ICA-causing RPSA protein-coding mutations, as well as the first two ICA-causing mutations in the 5′-UTR of this gene. A few individuals carrying one of the new RPSA mutations had a spleen, indicating that mutations in RPSA can cause ICA with incomplete penetrance.
Bilateral comparison of 1 Ω and 10 kΩ standards (ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a and 13.b) between the NMISA (South Africa) and the BIPM
Authors: Rolland B , Stock M , Khoza M 
Published: August 2018

This report gives the result of a bilateral comparison of resistance between the NMISA (South Africa) and the BIPM carried out in 2017. Two 1 Ω and two 10 kΩ travelling standards belonging to the BIPM were used. The comparison was carried out with an 'A-B-A' pattern of measurements; the standards were measured first at the BIPM for a period of about one month, then for a period of about two months at the NMISA, and finally again at the BIPM. The measurand was the 4 terminal dc resistance at low power. The BIPM was the pilot laboratory, and the comparison forms part of the ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a (for 1 Ω) and BIPM.EM-K13b (for 10 kΩ).
The results from the NMISA and the BIPM were found to be in good agreement, with a difference 1.02 time larger for 1 Ω and smaller than the relative expanded uncertainties (95% confidence, k = 2) for 10 kΩ. Differences are 0.12 × 10-6 for 1 Ω and 0.60 × 10-6 for 10 kΩ.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Resistance; ohm; NMISA; South Africa; BIPM; CIPM MRA; comparison; electricity

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Determination of volume of stainless steel weights
Authors: Escobar J J , Bermúdez Á , García J D , Becerra L O , Peña L M , Florencio A , Valenzuela M , Naula W , Cori L , Quiroga A , Sequeira F , Rodríguez S 
Published: August 2018

This report describes the results of a supplementary comparison between SIM NMIs, which is being carried out in order to compare the degree of equivalence in volume measurements of stainless steel mass standards.
For this comparison was selected a set of weights, with the following nominal values: 2 kg, 1 kg, 200 g and 1 g.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Density, volume, weights, 2 kg, 1 kg, 200 g, 1 g, supplementary comparison, SIM, CENAM, INACAL, INM, INEN, INTN and LACOMET.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Data and systems for medication-related text classification and concept normalization from Twitter: insights from the Social Media Mining for Health (SMM4H)-2017 shared task
Authors: Sarker Abeed , Belousov Maksim , Friedrichs Jasper , Hakala Kai , Kiritchenko Svetlana , Mehryary Farrokh , Han Sifei , Tran Tung , Rios Anthony , Kavuluru Ramakanth , de Bruijn Berry , Ginter Filip , Mahata Debanjan , Mohammad Saif M , Nenadic Goran , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe executed the Social Media Mining for Health (SMM4H) 2017 shared tasks to enable the community-driven development and large-scale evaluation of automatic text processing methods for the classification and normalization of health-related text from social media. An additional objective was to publicly release manually annotated data.Materials and MethodsWe organized 3 independent subtasks: automatic classification of self-reports of 1) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and 2) medication consumption, from medication-mentioning tweets, and 3) normalization of ADR expressions. Training data consisted of 15 717 annotated tweets for (1), 10 260 for (2), and 6650 ADR phrases and identifiers for (3); and exhibited typical properties of social-media-based health-related texts. Systems were evaluated using 9961, 7513, and 2500 instances for the 3 subtasks, respectively. We evaluated performances of classes of methods and ensembles of system combinations following the shared tasks.ResultsAmong 55 system runs, the best system scores for the 3 subtasks were 0.435 (ADR class F1-score) for subtask-1, 0.693 (micro-averaged F1-score over two classes) for subtask-2, and 88.5% (accuracy) for subtask-3. Ensembles of system combinations obtained best scores of 0.476, 0.702, and 88.7%, outperforming individual systems.DiscussionAmong individual systems, support vector machines and convolutional neural networks showed high performance. Performance gains achieved by ensembles of system combinations suggest that such strategies may be suitable for operational systems relying on difficult text classification tasks (eg, subtask-1).ConclusionsData imbalance and lack of context remain challenges for natural language processing of social media text. Annotated data from the shared task have been made available as reference standards for future studies (http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/rxwfb3tysd.1).
Lung Cancer Mortality in the Lung Screening Study Feasibility Trial
Authors: Doroudi Maryam , Pinsky Paul F , Marcus Pamela M 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Lung Screening Study was a multicenter controlled feasibility trial that randomly assigned subjects to undergo two rounds of screening with either low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) or chest X-ray (CXR). Long-term follow-up was performed to evaluate any differences in lung-cancer-specific and all-cause mortality between arms. In 2000, subjects were randomly assigned at six screening centers. Linkage with the National Death Index was performed to ascertain long-term mortality for subjects. Median follow-up for mortality of the 1660 and 1658 subjects randomly assigned to LDCT and CXR, respectively, was 5.2 years. There were 32 and 26 deaths from lung cancer in the two groups, respectively, corresponding to lung cancer death rates of 3.84 and 3.10 per 1000 person-years, and a risk ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval = 0.74 to 2.08). The risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.20 (95% confidence interval = 0.94 to 1.54). These findings can contribute to the overall knowledge on LDCT lung cancer screening.
Engaging Families in Rehabilitation of People Who Are Critically Ill: An Underutilized Resource
Authors: Haines Kimberley J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Rehabilitation of people who are critically ill has received increased attention in recent years, although this has not extended to specifically facilitating family involvement. Engaging families in the rehabilitation arc has the potential to optimize outcomes. Likely benefits include redirecting family psychological distress into an active participatory role, humanizing the patient illness and recovery experience, and supporting staff and the health care system beyond the constraints of therapy time. This viewpoint explores why families should be engaged in critical care rehabilitation, gives an overview of the evidence for family participation in bedside care, and provides practical implementation strategies and signpost areas for future research.
Political Borders and Bank Lending in Post-Crisis America*
Authors: Chavaz Matthieu , Rose Andrew K 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We study political influences on private banks receiving government funds. Using spatial discontinuities associated with congressional district borders, we show that recipient banks of the 2008 Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) program increased mortgage and small business lending by 23–60% more in census tracts located just inside their home-representative’s district than just outside; the effect also shows up in higher loan acceptance rates, and mortgages more likely to be impaired or in default. The effect is stronger when the representative voted for TARP, is politically powerful, connected to the financial industry, and when the bank is important in the district. These findings suggest that obtaining public funds subjects firms to political influences, which affects the quantity and quality of corporate investment because of political considerations.
A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of High Cutoff Versus Standard Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Atan Rafidah , Peck Leah , Prowle John , Licari Elisa , Eastwood Glenn M. , Storr Markus , Goehl Hermann , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
In critically ill patients with acute kidney injury receiving vasopressors, high cytokine levels may sustain the shock state. High cutoff hemofiltration achieves greater cytokine removal in ex vivo and in animal models and may reduce the duration of shock but may also increase albumin losses.

Design:
This was a single-center double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing continuous venovenous hemofiltration-high cutoff to continuous venovenous hemofiltration-standard.

Setting:
Tertiary care hospital in Australia.

Patients:
Vasopressor-dependent patients in acute kidney injury who were admitted to the ICU.

Interventions:
Norepinephrine-free time were calculated in critically ill vasopressor-dependent patients in acute kidney injury, randomized to either continuous venovenous hemofiltration-high cutoff or continuous venovenous hemofiltration-standard.

Measurement and Main Results:
A total of 76 patients were randomized with the following characteristics (continuous venovenous hemofiltration-high cutoff vs continuous venovenous hemofiltration-standard); median age of 65 versus 70 year, percentage of males 47% versus 68%, and median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scores of 25 versus 23.5. The median hours of norepinephrine-free time at day 7 were 32 (0–110.8) for continuous venovenous hemofiltration-high cutoff and 56 hours (0–109.3 hr) (p = 0.520) for continuous venovenous hemofiltration-standard. Inhospital mortality was 55.6% with continuous venovenous hemofiltration-high cutoff versus 34.2% with continuous venovenous hemofiltration-standard (adjusted odds ratio, 2.49; 95% CI, 0.81–7.66; p = 0.191). There was no significant difference in time to cessation of norepinephrine (p = 0.358), time to cessation of hemofiltration (p = 0.563), and filter life (p = 0.21). Serum albumin levels (p = 0.192) were similar and the median dose of IV albumin given was 90 grams (20–212 g) for continuous venovenous hemofiltration-high cutoff and 80 grams (15–132 g) for continuous venovenous hemofiltration-standard (p = 0.252).

Conclusions:
In critically ill patients with acute kidney injury, continuous venovenous hemofiltration-high cutoff did not reduce the duration of vasopressor support or mortality or change albumin levels compared with continuous venovenous hemofiltration-standard.
Fine particle sources and cognitive function in an older Puerto Rican cohort in Greater Boston
Authors: Wurth Renee , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna , Tucker Katherine L. , Griffith John , Manjourides Justin , Suh Helen 
Published: August 2018

Background:Puerto Ricans living in the mainland US have substantially higher rates of impairment to cognitive performance as compared to non-Hispanic Whites, with air pollutant exposures a potential risk factor. We investigated whether exposures to specific air pollution sources were associated with performance across several cognitive domains in a cohort of Puerto Rican older adults.Objectives:To investigate the association between sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cognitive performance in each of five cognitive domains.Methods:We obtained demographic, health, and cognitive function data for 1500 elderly participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Cognitive function was assessed in each of two waves for five domains: verbal memory, recognition, mental processing, and executive and visuospatial function. To these data, we linked concentrations of PM2.5and its components, black carbon (BC), nickel, sulfur, and silicon, as tracers for PM2.5from traffic, oil combustion, coal combustion, and resuspended dust, respectively. Associations between each PM2.5component and cognitive domain were examined using linear mixed models.Results:One year moving average exposures to BC were significantly associated with decreased verbal memory (−0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.46, −0.30), recognition (−0.35; 95% CI = −0.46, −0.25), mental processing (−1.14; 95% CI = −1.55, −0.74), and executive function (−0.94; 95% CI = −1.31, −0.56). Similar associations were found for nickel. Associations for sulfur, and silicon, and PM2.5were generally null, although sulfur (−0.51; 95% CI = −0.75, −0.28), silicon (−0.25; 95% CI = −0.36, −0.13), and PM2.5(−0.35; 95% CI = −0.57, −0.12) were associated with decreased recognition.Conclusion:Long-term exposures to BC and nickel, tracers of traffic and oil combustion, respectively, were associated with decreased cognitive function across all domains, except visuospatial function.
To Shave or Not to Shave? A Series of Periclitoral Masses Associated With Depilatory Techniques and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Stenson Amy L. , Leclair Catherine 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Periclitoral masses are uncommon disorders in gynecology often leading to pain and distress. With the popularity of female genital hair grooming and depilation, the vulva has been exposed to new insults including contact dermatitis and folliculitis. The unique anatomy of the protective covering of the clitoral hood may subject hair fragments to trapping, inflammation, irritation, and in some cases abscess formation.