bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimony‐Doped Lithium Phosphate Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Gao Chunhui , Dong Qingyuan , Zhang Gang , Fan Hailin , Li Huangxu , Hong Bo , Lai Yanqing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMetallic lithium (Li) is a promising anode for Li‐based batteries, owing to its high theoretical capacity and the low potential. However, the dendrites and high chemical activity of metallic Li limits its practical applications. To overcome these challenges, a fast‐ionic conductor, antimony‐doped lithium phosphate (Sb‐doped Li3PO4) artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, is directly coated on bare copper (Cu) foil by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, which can facilitate the uniform distribution of lithium ions, reduce the side reaction, and even inhibit the dendrite growth. As a result, the artificial Sb‐doped Li3PO4 SEI‐modified Cu electrode renders a good coulombic efficiency of 97 % for approximately 285 cycles at current density of 1 mA/cm2 and over 700 h of stable cycles in a symmetric cell. The fabricated artificial SEI layers make the deposition of lithium occur more densely and the electrochemical impedance is smaller compared to the bare Cu electrode. This study will impact the general approach to realize and achieve next‐generation high‐energy‐density lithium‐metal batteries.
Sphere‐and‐Flake‐Structured Cu, N Co‐Doped Carbon Catalyst Designed by a Template‐Free Method for Robust Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xiang Xinxin , Li Xiaoqin , Huang Zhihan , Gao Taotao , Yuan Hongyan , Xiao Dan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe suitable structural design of carbon catalysts is a straightforward strategy to achieve a superior electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, we firstly design a three‐dimensional sphere‐and‐flake‐structured Cu, N co‐doped carbon catalyst, via a template‐free method, for robust oxygen reduction reaction. The nanostructure is composed of graphene‐like nanosheets and carbon nanospheres with abundant mesopores, which can expose numerous active sites. Cu2+ and the copolymer of PANI and Cu2+ and melamine play important roles in the construction of the sphere‐and‐flake structure. By optimizing the addition of melamine, the structure of the catalyst can be successfully controlled. The as‐constructed GCNS10 material possesses a large amount of Cu‐Nx sites and exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction, delivering a limiting current density (6.14 mA cm−2 at −0.1 V) and stability superior to those of commercial Pt/C materials in 0.1 M KOH solution. These satisfactory performances suggest that GCNS10 is promising as a next‐generation non‐noble‐metal oxygen reduction reaction catalyst. Besides, using an air cathode with the GCNS10 catalyst works well in a Zn‐air battery, indicating that GCNS10 can be used in such devices.
Synthesis of Modified RGD‐Based Peptides and Their in vitro Activity
Authors: Hamdan Fatima , Bigdeli Zahra , Asghari S. Mohsen , Sadremomtaz Afsaneh , Balalaie Saeed 
Published: December 2018

AbstractArg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptides represent the most outstanding recognition motif involved in cell adhesion that binds to the αvβ3 integrin, which has been targeted for cancer therapy. Various RGD‐containing peptides and peptidomimetics have been designed and synthesized to selectively inhibit this integrin. In this study, the synthesis of RGD‐based peptides through the incorporation of the short bioactive peptide Phe‐Ala‐Lys‐Leu‐Phe (FAKLF) at the C and N termini of RGD has been achieved by using a solid‐phase peptide synthesis approach. The peptides were purified by means of preparative RP‐HPLC and their structures were confirmed through HRMS (ESI). The MTT assay revealed that the RGD and FAKLF peptides inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose‐dependent manner, with IC50 values of 3000 and 500 ng mL−1, respectively. Interestingly, a drastic improvement was observed in the antiproliferative activity of the combined structures of the FAKLFRGD and RGDFAKLF peptides, leading to IC50 values of 200 and 136.7 ng mL−1, respectively. Meanwhile, based on apoptosis results, the potential of peptides to induce apoptosis, in accordance with their antiproliferative activity, indicated that the RGD and FAKLF peptides, and the peptides synthesized based on their combinations induced cell apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner followed by inhibition of the proliferation of endothelial cells. Moreover, the incorporation of d‐leucine increased the induction of apoptosis by these peptides.
Can we rely on selected genetic markers for population identification? Evidence from coastal Atlantic cod
Authors: Jorde Per Erik , Synnes Ann‐Elin , Espeland Sigurd Heiberg , Sodeland Marte , Knutsen Halvor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe use of genetic markers under putative selection in population studies carries the potential for erroneous identification of populations and misassignment of individuals to population of origin. Selected markers are nevertheless attractive, especially in marine organisms that are characterized by weak population structure at neutral loci. Highly fecund species may tolerate the cost of strong selective mortality during early life stages, potentially leading to a shift in offspring genotypes away from the parental proportions. In Atlantic cod, recent genetic studies have uncovered different genotype clusters apparently representing phenotypically cryptic populations that coexist in coastal waters. Here, we tested if a high‐graded SNP panel specifically designed to classify individual cod to population of origin may be unreliable because of natural selection acting on the SNPs or their linked background. Temporal samples of cod were collected from two fjords, starting at the earliest life stage (pelagic eggs) and carried on until late autumn (bottom‐settled juveniles), covering the period during summer of high natural mortality. Despite the potential for selective mortality during the study period, we found no evidence for selection, as both cod types occurred throughout the season, already in the earliest egg samples, and there was no evidence for a shift during the season in the proportions of one or the other type. We conclude that high‐graded marker panels under putative natural selection represent a valid and useful tool for identifying biological population structure in this highly fecund species and presumably in others.
Effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on hypoglycaemia in brittle diabetic patients with decreased endogenous insulin secretion
Authors: Ogawa Susumu , Nako Kazuhiro , Ito Sadayoshi 
Published: December 2018

SummaryAimsThe effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) on fasting blood glucose concentration (FBG) in patients with unstable FBG despite undergoing intensive insulin therapy (IIT) remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the effects of SGLT2Is on unstable FBGs.Materials and methodsThirty brittle diabetic patients with unstable FBGs despite undergoing IIT were included in the study. SGLT2Is were added and used in combination. We evaluated the data of the subjects in Evaluation 1 (immediately before using SGLT2Is) and evaluations 2, 3 and 4 (4, 24 and 48 weeks after starting concomitant therapy, respectively). FBGs were measured every day for a period of 28 days immediately before conducting Evaluations 1, 2, 3 and 4. The mean value of the 28 sets of FBG data (FBG mean) and their standard deviation (SD) values were established as each evaluation's FBGs. The changes in the mean values of the 30 subjects as well as their SD before and after concomitant therapy were evaluated.ResultsThe concomitant use of SGLT2Is helped reduce not only FBG mean but also SD. FBG max dropped, and the frequency of occurrence of hyperglycaemic FBG (>11.1 mmol/L) decreased. However, FBG min did not drop, and the frequency of occurrence of hypoglycaemic FBG (<3.9 mmol/L) increased. The frequency of occurrence of subjective hypoglycaemia decreased. The decrease in the SD of FBG was related to the decrease in subjective hypoglycaemia.ConclusionConcomitant use of SGLT2Is in patients with brittle diabetes appears to be useful in terms of improvement of FBG and fewer occurrences of hypoglycaemic events.
Communication, Relationships, and Relatability Influence Stakeholder Perceptions of Credible Science
Authors: Runnebaum Jocelyn M , Maxwell Elisabeth A , Stoll Joshua S , Pianka Karen E , Oppenheim Noah G 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
At a time when society appears mistrustful of science, it is critical to understand how scientific credibility is evaluated. Scientists often view the peer review process as establishing the credibility of their science, operating under the assumption that sound design and rigorous analysis stand alone. However, scientific knowledge is sometimes rejected by the very stakeholder groups that it is intended to serve. To understand how fisheries stakeholders assess scientific credibility, marine resource stakeholders from Maine were asked to discuss perceptions of credible science. Text analysis of six small group conversations revealed that stakeholders evaluate credibility based on communication style, relationships, and relatability. These attributes are self-reinforcing and are influenced by transparency. We present examples of how efforts to promote transparency and trust can be incorporated into scientists’ stakeholder engagement strategies and propose that researchers consider these commitments within their respective fields before they design and implement scientific projects, so they may be assigned greater credibility outside of the scientific community.
Vessels That Encapsulate Tumor Clusters (VETC) Pattern Is a Predictor of Sorafenib Benefit in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Fang Jian‐Hong , Xu Li , Shang Li‐Ru , Pan Chu‐Zhi , Ding Jin , Tang Yun‐Qiang , Liu Hui , Liu Chu‐Xing , Zheng Jia‐Lin , Zhang Yao‐Jun , Zhou Zhong‐Guo , Xu Jing , Zheng Limin , Chen Min‐Shan , Zhuang Shi‐Mei 
Published: December 2018

Sorafenib is the most recommended first‐line systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet there is no clinically applied biomarker for predicting sorafenib response. We have demonstrated that a vascular pattern, named VETC (Vessels that Encapsulate Tumor Clusters), facilitates the release of whole tumor clusters into the bloodstream; VETC‐mediated metastasis relies on vascular pattern, but not on migration and invasion of cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to explore whether vascular pattern could predict sorafenib benefit. Two cohorts of patients were recruited from four academic hospitals. The survival benefit of sorafenib treatment for patients with or without the VETC pattern (VETC+/VETC–) was investigated. Kaplan‐Meier analyses revealed that sorafenib treatment significantly reduced death risk and prolonged overall survival (OS; in cohort 1/2, P = 0.004/0.005; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.567/0.408) and postrecurrence survival (PRS; in cohort 1/2, P = 0.001/0.002; HR = 0.506/0.384) in VETC+ patients. However, sorafenib therapy was not beneficial for VETC‐ patients (OS in cohort 1/2, P = 0.204/0.549; HR = 0.761/1.221; PRS in cohort 1/2, P = 0.121/0.644; HR = 0.728/1.161). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that sorafenib treatment significantly improved OS/PRS in VETC+, but not VETC–, patients. Further mechanistic investigations showed that VETC+ and VETC– HCCs displayed similar levels of light chain 3 (LC3) and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in tumor tissues (pERK) or endothelial cells (EC‐pERK), and greater sorafenib benefit was consistently observed in VETC+ HCC patients than VETC– irrespective of levels of pERK/EC‐pERK/LC3, suggesting that the different sorafenib benefit between VETC+ and VETC– HCCs may not result from activation of Raf/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/ERK signaling or induction of autophagy. Conclusion: Sorafenib is effective in prolonging the survival of VETC+, but not VETC–, patients. VETC pattern may act as a predictor of sorafenib benefit for HCC.
Storied Lives: Teaching Memoir Writing Through Multimodal Mentor Texts
Authors: Meixner Emily , Peel Anne , Hendrickson Rachel , Szczeck Lynn , Bousum Kelly 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article, the authors, two teacher educators and three high school teachers, examine the impact of a professional development seminar held in spring 2017. In that seminar, participants read and composed brief autobiographical sketches in a variety of media and learned a new lexicon for multimodal close reading, composition, and design. Using narrative inquiry, the three coauthoring teachers reflected on the importance and anxiety of being positioned as multimodal writers, and their subsequent interaction with multimodal mentor texts in their classrooms. The authors contend that teachers must move beyond conventional textual autobiography and memoir. Expanding teachers’ comfort with multimodal mentor texts is essential for their and their students’ literacy development. Building a lexicon for close reading and composing with multimodal texts can inspire students and empower teachers to invite autobiographical writing into their instruction and teach autobiography and memoir as acts of design.
Long‐run neutrality of demand shocks: Revisiting Blanchard and Quah (1989) with independent structural shocks
Authors: Herwartz Helmut 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWith reference to a stylized theoretical macromodel, Blanchard and Quah (American Economic Review, 1989,79, 655–673) identify empirical aggregate supply (e.g., productivity) and demand shocks by assuming that the latter are neutral for economic activity in the long run. Taking advantage of recent contributions to the structural VAR literature and data‐based identification, we find that effects of unique independent non‐Gaussian structural shocks support this assumption. Moreover, unlike the results in Blanchard and Quah, statistically identified supply shocks exhibit (insignificantly) opposite impacts on gross domestic product and unemployment in the short run. In comparison with benchmark results obtained under assumed long‐run neutrality, statistical identification points to a stronger role of aggregate supply shocks for shaping temporary profiles of US unemployment during the recessionary period 1973:Q3–1975:Q1.
Comparison of BMD Changes and Bone Formation Marker Levels 3 Years After Bisphosphonate Discontinuation: FLEX and HORIZON-PFT Extension I Trials
Authors: Kim Tiffany Y , Bauer Douglas C , McNabb Brian L , Schafer Anne L , Cosman Felicia , Black Dennis M , Eastell Richard 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

An ASBMR Task Force recommends a drug holiday for certain women treated for ≥5 years with oral alendronate or ≥3 years with intravenous zoledronic acid, with reassessment 2 to 3 years later. It is not known whether changes in bone mineral density (BMD) or bone turnover markers differ after oral or intravenous therapy. Our goal was to compare changes in BMD and procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP) after oral or intravenous bisphosphonate use. In the Fracture Intervention Trial Long-term Extension (FLEX), women who received a mean 5 years of alendronate were randomized to placebo or continued treatment. In the Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence with Zoledronic Acid Once Yearly-Pivotal Fracture Trial Extension I (HORIZON-PFT E1), women who received 3 years of zoledronic acid were randomized to placebo or continued treatment. We examined the proportion of participants with BMD loss or PINP gain ≥ least significant change (LSC) and those whose values exceeded a threshold (T-score ≤–2.5 or PINP ≥36.0 ng/mL, a premenopausal median value). After 3 years of placebo, the FLEX group had greater mean total hip BMD decreases (–2.3% versus –1.2% in the HORIZON-PFT E1 group, p &lt; 0.01) and greater rises in PINP (+11.6 ng/mL versus +6.7 ng/mL, p &lt; 0.01). There was a greater proportion of individuals in FLEX with total hip BMD loss and PINP increases that exceeded LSC, and PINP values ≥36.0 ng/mL. In contrast, there were small changes in the proportion of women with femoral neck T-scores ≤–2.5 in both groups. In conclusion, 3 years after bisphosphonate discontinuation, a considerable proportion of former alendronate and zoledronic acid users had meaningful declines in total hip BMD and elevations in PINP. Despite a longer treatment course, alendronate may have a more rapid offset of drug effect than zoledronic acid. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
In vitro and in vivo effects of iron on the expression and activity of glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase in rat spleen
Authors: Gonul Baltaci Nurdan , Guler Caglar , Ceylan Hamid , Kalin Seyda Nur , Adem Sevki , Kocpinar Enver Fehim , Erdogan Orhan , Budak Harun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIron is an indispensable element for vital activities in almost all living organisms. It is also a cofactor for many proteins, enzymes, and other essential complex biochemical processes. Therefore, iron trafficking is firmly regulated by Hepcidin (Hamp), which is regarded as the marker for iron accumulation. The disruption of iron homeostasis leads to oxidative stress that causes various human diseases, but this mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study is to provide a better in vivo and in vitro understanding of how long‐term iron overload affects the gene expression and activities of some antioxidant enzymes, such as glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and glutathione reductase (GR) in the spleen. The findings of this study show that iron overload reduces the gene expression of G6pd,
6pgd, and
Gr, but its actual effect was on the protein level.
Downregulating STAT1/caspase‐3 signaling with fludarabine to alleviate progression in a rat model of steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Lin Jian , Qi Weihui , Chen Kai , Yan Yingzhao , Li Xiaobin , Feng Zhenhua , Pan Xiaoyun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSteroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is mainly induced by glucocorticoids. Fludarabine (Flu) is a specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the effect of Flu on SANFH and the role played by the STAT1/caspase‐3 signaling pathway. Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into control, SANFH, and Flu‐treated SANFH groups. Femoral head tissues were collected for hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) staining and Western blot analysis. The latter was used to measure the levels of stat1, phospho‐stat1, caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐3, caspase‐9, cleaved caspase‐9, Bax, cytochrome C, Bak, B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large, and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 protein expression. The results showed that Flu regulates protein expression in dexamethasone (Dex)‐induced SANFH. H&E staining showed a decrease in the ratio of empty lacunae induced by Dex. Taken together, our study demonstrated the involvement of the STAT1/caspase‐3 signaling pathway in SANFH and the potential of Flu as a therapeutic agent for patients with SANFH.
Tanshinone I attenuates proliferation and chemoresistance of cervical cancer in a KRAS‐dependent manner
Authors: Dun Sidi , Gao Lan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChemoresistance is a common occurrence during advanced or recurrent cervical cancer therapy when treated by conventional treatment, platinum‐based chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of tanshinone I on attenuating proliferation and chemoresistance of cervical cancer cells. In cervical cancer cells, cell proliferation was examined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), cell count, and soft‐agar colony‐formation assay. rVista analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the upstream regulator of KRAS, and the expression levels of key genes were also detected. Western blot analysis showed that tanshinone I significantly suppressed KRAS expression and inhibited AKT phosphorylation. rVista analysis and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that ELK1 can binds directly to KRAS promoter and positively regulates KRAS expression. MTT assay showed that KRAS or ELK1 overexpression significantly attenuated the suppressive effects of tanshinone I on HeLa cells proliferation. In addition, tanshinone I recovered the cisplatin sensitivity of HeLa CR cells, whereas KRAS or ELK1 overexpression significantly inhibited this phenomenon. Our results suggested that tanshinone I had anticancer effects on cervical cancer cells via inhibiting ELK1 and downregulating KRAS‐AKT axis, which subsequently suppressed the proliferation and cisplatin resistance of cervical cancer cells.
Ganoderic acid A against cyclophosphamide‐induced hepatic toxicity in mice
Authors: Lixin Xu , Lijun Yan , Songping Huang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study clarified the protective effect of ganoderic acid A (GAA) on cyclophosphamide (CP)‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Hepatic injury mice were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (200 mg/kg). The results showed that the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum and liver of the CP group mice were increased, and the levels of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in serum were increased. With the increase of the thioredoxin interaction protein (Txnip)/Trx/NF‐кB pathway, the histological structure of the liver has significantly changed as well as apoptosis events. On the contrary, the levels of ALT, AST, and cytokines in serum and liver in mice have been improved after GAA administration. Furthermore, the protein levels of the Txnip/Trx/NF‐кB pathway and apoptosis‐related protein including Bax, Bcl‐2, caspase‐3, and ‐9 were restored by GAA. In conclusion, GAA can be used as an effective drug to improve the hepatotoxicity caused by CP.
Improved enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production by combined alkaline peroxide and ionic liquid‐water mixtures pretreatment of rice straw
Authors: Hong Ying‐Ying , Wang Yu‐Tao , Zhu Si‐Ming , Luo Xiao‐Chun , Li Shuang , Zhuo Min , Zhou Ting , Zhu Ming‐Jun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice straw (RS), one of the most plentiful lignocellulosic wastes worldwide, has been considered a potential candidate to produce bioethanol. The object of this work was to develop an efficient and feasible pretreatment process for RS with alkaline peroxide combined with ionic liquid (IL)–water mixtures, reveal the mechanism, and achieve biomass valorization.RESULTSAlkaline peroxide pretreatment under mild conditions combined with IL–water mixtures pretreatment at a water content of 30 wt% was established, leading to a maximum lignin removal of 63.8% with an enzymolysis efficiency of 92.1% and a simultaneous saccharification and co‐fermentation efficiency of 91.0%. Furthermore, the recycled IL also showed good performance with the established pretreatment process, resulting in 251.6 g L−1 of reducing sugar and 91.9 g L−1 ethanol at high solid loading. The alkaline peroxide pretreatment enhanced lignin extraction and disrupted the RS structure to facilitate the dissolution of amorphous components by the IL–water mixtures.CONCLUSIONA simple and efficient pretreatment was successfully established. The IL was successfully recycled for further pretreatments, and high concentrations of reducing sugars and ethanol were achieved using the pretreated RS. The effectiveness of the pretreatment process suggested potential application in future biorefineries. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry