bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in Poly (3‐Hexylthiophene) Organic Solar Cells and the Influence of Its Molecular Weight on Device Performance
Authors: Wadsworth Andrew , Hamid Zeinab , Bidwell Matthew , Ashraf Raja S. , Khan Jafar I. , Anjum Dalaver H. , Cendra Camila , Yan Jun , Rezasoltani Elham , Guilbert Anne A. Y. , Azzouzi Mohammed , Gasparini Nicola , Bannock James H. , Baran Derya , Wu Hongbin , de Mello John C. , Brabec Christoph J. , Salleo Alberto , Nelson Jenny , Laquai Frédéric , McCulloch Iain 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPoly (3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was an early frontrunner in the development of donor polymers to be used in organic photovoltaics. A relatively straightforward and inexpensive synthesis suggests that it may be the most viable donor polymer to use in large‐scale commercial organic solar cells. Replacing fullerenes with new electron acceptors has led to significant improvements in device performance and stability, with devices now able to exceed an efficiency of 7%. Past studies have reported a dependence of device performance on the molecular weight of the polymer in fullerene‐containing blends, however, with nonfullerene acceptors now showing promise a similar study was needed. P3HT blends, with two nonfullerene acceptors (O‐IDTBR and EH‐IDTBR), were probed using a number of polymer batches with varying molecular weights. O‐IDTBR was shown to exhibit a dependence on the polymer molecular weight, with optimal performance achieved with a 34 kDa polymer, while EH‐IDTBR displayed an independence in performance with varying polymer molecular weight. Probing the thermal and morphological behavior of the P3HT:O‐IDTBR blends suggests that an optimal morphology with pronounced donor and acceptor domains was only achieved with the 34 kDa polymer, and a greater degree of mixing was exhibited in the other blends, likely leading to poorer device performance.
A Stable Quasi‐Solid‐State Sodium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Zhou Dong , Chen Yi , Li Baohua , Fan Hongbo , Cheng Faliang , Shanmukaraj Devaraj , Rojo Teofilo , Armand Michel , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAmbient‐temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are considered a promising energy storage system due to their high theoretical energy density and low costs. However, great challenges remain in achieving a high rechargeable capacity and long cycle life. Herein we report a stable quasi‐solid‐state Na‐S battery enabled by a poly(S‐pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA))‐based cathode and a (PETEA‐tris[2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl] isocyanurate (THEICTA))‐based gel polymer electrolyte. The polymeric sulfur electrode strongly anchors sulfur through chemical binding and inhibits the shuttle effect. Meanwhile, the in situ formed polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and enhanced safety successfully stabilizes the Na anode/electrolyte interface, and simultaneously immobilizes soluble Na polysulfides. The as‐developed quasi‐solid‐state Na‐S cells exhibit a high reversible capacity of 877 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and an extended cycling stability.
Low‐Coordinated Edge Sites on Ultrathin Palladium Nanosheets Boost Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Performance
Authors: Zhu Wenjin , Zhang Lei , Yang Piaoping , Hu Congling , Luo Zhibin , Chang Xiaoxia , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Gong Jinlong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value‐added products is a possible way to decrease the problems resulting from CO2 emission. Thanks to the eminent conductivity and proper adsorption to intermediates, Pd has become a promising candidate for CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER). However, Pd‐based nanocatalysts generally need a large overpotential. Herein we describe that ultrathin Pd nanosheets effectively reduce the onset potential for CO by exposing abundant atoms with comparatively low generalized coordination number. Hexagonal Pd nanosheets with 5 atomic thickness and 5.1 nm edge length reached CO faradaic efficiency of 94 % at −0.5 V, without any decay after a stability test of 8 h. It appears to be the most efficient among all of Pd‐based catalysts toward CO2ER. Uniform hexagonal morphology made it reasonable to build models and take DFT calculations. The enhanced activity originates from mainly edge sites on palladium nanosheets.
Patients' preferences for treatment after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Noordman B J , de Bekker-Grob E W , Coene P P L O , van der Harst E , Lagarde S M , Shapiro J , Wijnhoven B P L , van Lanschot J J B 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
After neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) plus surgery for oesophageal cancer, 29 per cent of patients have a pathologically complete response in the resection specimen. Active surveillance after nCRT (instead of standard oesophagectomy) may improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but patients need to undergo frequent diagnostic tests and it is unknown whether survival is worse than that after standard oesophagectomy. Factors that influence patients' preferences, and trade-offs that patients are willing to make in their choice between surgery and active surveillance were investigated here.

Methods
A prospective discrete-choice experiment was conducted. Patients with oesophageal cancer completed questionnaires 4–6 weeks after nCRT, before surgery. Patients' preferences were quantified using scenarios based on five aspects: 5-year overall survival, short-term HRQoL, long-term HRQoL, the risk that oesophagectomy is still necessary, and the frequency of clinical examinations using endoscopy and PET–CT. Panel latent class analysis was used.

Results
Some 100 of 104 patients (96·2 per cent) responded. All aspects, except the frequency of clinical examinations, influenced patients' preferences. Five-year overall survival, the chance that oesophagectomy is still necessary and long-term HRQoL were the most important attributes. On average, based on calculation of the indifference point between standard surgery and active surveillance, patients were willing to trade off 16 per cent 5-year overall survival to reduce the risk that oesophagectomy is necessary from 100 per cent (standard surgery) to 35 per cent (active surveillance).

Conclusion
Patients are willing to trade off substantial 5-year survival to achieve a reduction in the risk that oesophagectomy is necessary.
T cell receptor repertoire profiling predicts the prognosis of HBV‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Kai‐Rong , Deng Fei‐Wen , Jin Ya‐Bin , Chen Xiang‐Ping , Pan Ying‐Ming , Cui Jin‐Huan , You Zhi‐Xuan , Chen Huan‐Wei , Luo Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTumor‐infiltrating T cell repertoire has been demonstrated to be closely associated with anti‐tumor immune response. However, the relationship between T cell repertoire in tumor tissue and prognosis has never been reported in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed the high‐throughput T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to systematically characterize the infiltrating T cell repertoires of tumor and matched adjacent normal tissues from 23 HBV‐associated HCC patients. Significant differences on usage frequencies of some Vβ, Jβ, and Vβ‐Jβ paired genes have been found between the 2 groups of tissue samples, but no significant difference of TCR repertoire diversity could be found. Interestingly, the similarity of TCR repertoires between paired samples or the TNM stage alone could not be helpful to evaluate the prognosis of patients very well, but their combination could serve as an efficient prognostic indicator that the patients with early stage and high similarity showed a better prognosis. This is the first attempt to assess the potential value of TCR repertoire in HCC prognosis, and our findings could serve as a complement for the characterization of TCR repertoire in HCC.
Aluminum Containing Dendrimeric Silica Nanoparticles as Promising Metallocene Catalyst Supports for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Cecílio Duarte M. , Fernandes Auguste , Lourenço João Paulo , Ribeiro M. Rosário 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSeveral aluminum containing dendrimeric silica nanospheres, DSAl materials, were prepared using different synthesis and post‐synthetic procedures. These materials were used for the immobilization of Cp2ZrCl2 via direct impregnation. The support materials were rigorously characterized by TEM, N2 adsorption, FTIR (using pyridine as probe molecule) and SS‐NMR to assess their morphological, textural and surface acidic properties. Supported catalysts were tested in ethylene homopolymerization using methylaluminoxane (MAO) as co‐catalyst and scavenger. The relationships between the types and strength of acid sites, as well as the textural and morphological parameters of DSAl materials with the behavior of catalytic systems are explored in this work. The results analyzed in this paper confirm the importance that support surface acidity plays in the formation of the active species for ethylene polymerization and in its activity without neglecting the contribution of support textural properties as well.
Achieving Efficient and Low Content Ru‐Based Catalyst for Acetylene Hydrochlorination Based on N,N’‐Dimethylpropyleneurea
Authors: Li Hang , Wu Botao , Wang Fumin , Zhang Xubin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new Ru‐based catalyst system based on N,N′‐Dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) was developed for the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction in this study. The optimal 1 % Ru‐10 %DMPU/AC catalyst exhibits the best activity with the acetylene conversion of 87.6 % under 170 °C and the GHSV (C2H2) of 900 h−1. Additionally, the Ru‐10 %DMPU/AC with lower Ru content (0.2 wt%) displayed excellent activity and stability with acetylene conversion of 81.3 % after 200 h under the conditions of 170 °C and C2H2 GHSV of 180 h−1. The characterization results indicate that the presence of DMPU could improve the dispersion of the catalytic species and provide full protection to prevent the sintering of the ruthenium particles and to inhibit the reduction of active ruthenium oxide component. Moreover, the catalytic property, characterizations and theoretical calculation results reveal that the ability to adsorb and activate HCl reactant with the addition of DMPU via its strong hydrogen bonding plays a significant role on the high stability of the Ru‐DMPU/AC catalyst system.
Ultra‐Bright Rhodamines with Sulfobutylether‐β‐Cyclodextrin: A Viable Supramolecular Dye Laser in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Khurana Raman , Agarwalla Sandeep , Sridhar G. , Barooah Nilotpal , Bhasikuttan Achikanath C. , Mohanty Jyotirmayee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough aqueous dye lasers are much sought after, they have been of no practical use, as laser dyes show a strong tendency for aggregation in water, thus diminishing their optical output. Contributing towards this shortcoming, we studied the noncovalent interactions of two prominent laser dyes, namely, rhodamine 6G and rhodamine B, with a water soluble macrocyclic host, sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin (SBE7βCD). Spectral changes in the absorption and fluorescence behavior of dyes in presence of the SBE7βCD host indicated adequate complex formation between dye and host (K∼104 M−1). A combination of various photophysical parameters evaluated from measurements such as Job plot, changes in the fluorescence lifetime/anisotropy values, and favorable thermodynamic parameters from isothermal titration calorimetric measurements adjudicated a 1 : 1 stoichiometric complex formation between dye and SBE7βCD host. Consequently, SBE7βCD prevents dye aggregation/adsorption and present rhodamine dyes in their monomeric forms with enhanced fluorescence yield and brightness. These vital parameters were utilized to optimize and demonstrate cost‐effective supramolecular broad‐band and narrow‐band aqueous dye laser systems with improved lasing efficiencies (∼25 % higher for the SBE7βCD : RhB system and ∼10 % higher for SBE7βCD : Rh6G system), better beam profile, and enhanced durability compared to the respective dyes in optically matched ethanol solutions.
Comparative mitochondrial genomic analyses of three chemosynthetic vesicomyid clams from deep‐sea habitats
Authors: Liu Helu , Cai Shanya , Liu Jun , Zhang Haibin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVesicomyid clams of the subfamily Pliocardinae are among the dominant chemosymbiotic bivalves found in sulfide‐rich deep‐sea habitats. Plastic morphologies and present molecular data could not resolve taxonomic uncertainties. The complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes will provide more data for comparative studies on molecular phylogeny and systematics of this taxonomically uncertain group, and help to clarify generic classifications. In this study, we analyze the features and evolutionary dynamics of mt genomes from three Archivesica species (Archivesica sp., Ar. gigas and Ar. pacifica) pertaining to subfamily Pliocardinae. Sequence coverage is nearly complete for the three newly sequenced mt genomes, with only the control region and some tRNA genes missing. Gene content, base composition, and codon usage are highly conserved in these pliocardiin species. Comparative analysis revealed the vesicomyid have a relatively lower ratio of Ka/Ks, and all 13 protein‐coding genes (PGCs) are under strong purifying selection with a ratio of Ka/Ks far lower than one. Minimal changes in gene arrangement among vesicomyid species are due to the translocation trnaG in Isorropodon fossajaponicum. Additional tRNA genes were detected between trnaG and nad2 in Abyssogena mariana (trnaL3), Ab. phaseoliformis (trnaS3), and Phreagena okutanii (trnaM2), and display high similarity to other pliocardiin sequences at the same location. Single base insertion in multiple sites of this location could result in new tRNA genes, suggesting a possible tRNA arising from nongeneic sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on 12 PCGs (excluding atp8) supports the monophyly of Pliocardiinae. These nearly complete mitogenomes provide relevant data for further comparative studies on molecular phylogeny and systematics of this taxonomically uncertain group of chemosymbiotic bivalves.
Biocrust contribution to ecosystem carbon fluxes varies along an elevational gradient
Authors: Dettweiler‐Robinson Eva , Nuanez Michelle , Litvak Marcy E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how each component of an ecosystem contributes to carbon fluxes across a range of abiotic conditions enables accurate forecasts for future emission scenarios. In drylands, biological soil crust (biocrust) contribution to ecosystem carbon fluxes may vary at a regional scale but is rarely quantified due to the difficulty of parameterizing process‐based models or parsing biocrust (on the soil surface) from whole‐soil flux measurements. We measured excised biocrust carbon fluxes across current and future predicted warmer summertime temperatures from dryland sites (grassland, shrubland, savanna, and woodland) and compared those to the ecosystem and soil fluxes from eddy flux towers. Overall, biocrust fluxes showed net carbon loss during the warm growing season temperatures, suggesting that cool‐season photosynthesis is likely critical for maintaining positive biocrust carbon balance in these sites. Biocrust flux temperature responses differed by site: Grassland and shrubland biocrust gross photosynthesis was relatively invariant, while respiration increased with temperature; in the woodland and savanna, biocrust gross photosynthesis and respiration increased with temperature. Biocrust fluxes contributed <3% to the observed ecosystem gross primary productivity at 26°C and ecosystem respiration at 19°C in grassland, shrubland, and woodland, but contributed >10% of observed soil respiration in grassland and shrubland at 19°C, reinforcing the need to separate biocrust activity from root and subsurface heterotroph activity to understand drivers of fluxes at different sites. Regional resolution of biocrust type and cover will improve predictions of biocrust contribution to global carbon flux with changing temperatures.
Interannual variability in climate effects on community assembly and ecosystem functioning in restored prairie
Authors: Manning George C. , Baer Sara G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCommunity assembly theory attempts to explain factors influencing the composition of communities, which can be governed by deterministic and/or stochastic processes. We used a sequential restoration approach to gain insights into how interannual variation in climate influences community assembly in an agriculture field restored to tallgrass prairie. Species composition and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) were followed for three years in each of three sequentially restored communities, which were established in different years, and sown with the same suite of species using the same live seeding rate for each species. There was a sequence‐by‐age interaction for sown, volunteer, and total species composition (P = 0.001), cover (P < 0.009), diversity (P < 0.024), and richness (P < 0.025). Annual net primary production had a sequence‐by‐age interaction for total, sown, and volunteer species (P < 0.05). In general, species diversity and richness increased over time. We attributed different starting compositions and trajectories in the developing composition of communities and ANPP among sequences to variation in precipitation. Sequences II and III were sown under drought conditions and became dominated by a drought‐resistant agricultural weed that corresponded with delayed establishment and lower ANPP of sown species in those sequences. This study suggests that the effects of drought on community composition vary depending on restoration year, with younger restorations exhibiting greater sensitivity to drought than those that are more established.
Novel Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor for Detection of Paraoxon Based on Holey Graphene Oxide Modified Glass Carbon Electrode
Authors: Li Yan Ping , Zhao Rui Xia , Han Gao Yi , Xiao Yao Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHoley graphene oxide (HGO) has been synthesized by one step hydrothermal method and applied to construct a highly sensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor. The developed system is characterized by using SEM, TEM, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption, Raman, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is proved that HGO can effectively immobilize AChE and accelerate electron transfer rate. The prepared biosensor AChE/HGO/glass carbon electrode (GCE) shows excellent affinity to the acetylthiocholine chloride (ATCl) with a Michaelis‐Menten constant value of 0.23 mM. Under optimum conditions, AChE/HGO/GCE can effectively detect paraoxon with a linear ranged from 10 to 45 ng/mL and a detection limit of 1.58 ng/mL. Furthermore, the prepared AChE/HGO/GCE biosensor demonstrates excellent stability and reproducibility, which provides a reliable method for the detection of organophosphate pesticides. The developed biosensor is used for detecting paraoxon in real samples of lettuce and cabbage and shows a satisfactory recovery.
Evaluation of the synergistic effect with amino acids for enantioseparation of basic drugs using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Chalavi Soheila , Fakhari Ali Reza , Nojavan Saeed , Mirzaei Peyman 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe synergistic effect of two acidic amino acids, aspartic and glutamic acid, on the electrophoretic enantioseparation of four basic drugs was evaluated in the BGE containing a CD and at different pHs. Chlorpheniramine, hydroxyzine, propranolol and tramadol were used as the basic model drugs. However, no enantioseparations were achieved with a BGE containing sole amino acid, but the combined use of an acidic amino acid and a CD showed improved enantioseparations (synergistic effect) compared with the single CD system. The results demonstrated that at optimized pH, the electrostatic interactions of the anionic amino acids with the positively charged basic drugs could result in a decrease of the analyte migration velocity and it consequently improved the enantioseparation. The effective parameters such as the amino acid and chiral selector type and concentration, buffer pH, applied voltage, and capillary temperature were optimized. Favorable enantiomeric resolution and migration times of the model drugs were achieved with a 100 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.0) containing 5.0 mM HP‐α‐CD/HP‐β‐CD and 20 mM aspartic acid with an 18 kV applied voltage at 25°C. 1H NMR experiments were also carried out in a mixture of an analyte and CD in the absence and presence of aspartic acid. The NMR results were consistent with the results obtained by CE which showed the synergistic effect of amino acid.
Commentary regarding: “The effect of simulated space radiation on the N‐glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G1”
Authors: Bevelacqua Joseph John , Mortazavi S.M.J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDeep space missions, including Mars voyages, are an important area of research. Protection of astronauts’ health during these long‐term missions is of paramount importance. The paper authored by Szarka et al. entitled “The effect of simulated space radiation on the N‐glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G1” is indeed a step forward in this effort. Despite numerous strengths, there are some shortcomings in this paper including an incomplete description of the space radiation environment as well as discussion of the resulting biological effects. Due to complexity of the space radiation environment, a careful analysis is needed to fully evaluate the spectrum of particles associated with solar particle events and galactic cosmic radiation. The radiation source used in this experiment does not reproduce the range of primary galactic cosmic radiation and solar particle events particles and their associated energies. Furthermore, the effect of radiation interactions within the spacecraft shell and the potential effects of microgravity are not considered. Moreover, the importance of radioadaptation in deep space missions that is confirmed in a NASA report is neither considered. Other shortcomings are also discussed in this commentary. Considering these shortcomings, it can be argued that Szarka et al. draw conclusions based on an incomplete description of the space radiation environment that could affect the applicability of this study.
Applying Pattern Oriented Sampling in current fieldwork practice to enable more effective model evaluation in fluvial landscape evolution research
Authors: Briant Rebecca M. , Cohen Kim M. , Cordier Stephane , Demoulin Alain J.A.G. , Macklin Mark G. , Mather Anne E. , Rixhon Gilles , Veldkamp Tom , Wainwright John , Whittaker Alex , Wittmann Hella 
Published: June 2018

AbstractField geologists and geomorphologists are increasingly looking to numerical modelling to understand landscape change over time, particularly in river catchments. The application of landscape evolution models (LEMs) started with abstract research questions in synthetic landscapes. Now, however, studies using LEMs on real‐world catchments are becoming increasingly common. This development has philosophical implications for model specification and evaluation using geological and geomorphological data, besides practical implications for fieldwork targets and strategy. The type of data produced to drive and constrain LEM simulations has very little in common with that used to calibrate and validate models operating over shorter timescales, making a new approach necessary. Here we argue that catchment fieldwork and LEM studies are best synchronized by complementing the Pattern Oriented Modelling (POM) approach of most fluvial LEMs with Pattern Oriented Sampling (POS) fieldwork approaches. POS can embrace a wide range of field data types, without overly increasing the burden of data collection. In our approach, both POM output and POS field data for a specific catchment are used to quantify key characteristics of a catchment. These are then compared to provide an evaluation of the performance of the model. Early identification of these key characteristics should be undertaken to drive focused POS data collection and POM model specification. Once models are evaluated using this POM/POS approach, conclusions drawn from LEM studies can be used with greater confidence to improve understanding of landscape change. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.