bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of pluripotency‐related genes is highly dependent on trichostatin A‐assisted epigenomic modulation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells analysed for apoptosis and subsequently used for generating cloned embryos
Authors: Samiec Marcin , Romanek Joanna , Lipiński Daniel , Opiela Jolanta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study sought to examine whether trichostatin A (TSA)‐assisted epigenetic transformation of porcine bone marrow (BM)‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) affects the transcriptional activities of pluripotency‐related genes (Oct4, Nanog, c‐Myc, Sox2 and Rex1), multipotent stemness‐related gene (Nestin) and anti‐apoptotic/anti‐senescence‐related gene (Survivin). Epigenetically transformed or non‐transformed BM‐MSCs that had been transcriptionally profiled by qRT‐PCR and had been analysed for different stages of apoptosis progression provided a source of nuclear donor cells for the in vitro production of cloned pig embryos. TSA‐mediated epigenomic modulation has been found to enhance the multipotency extent, stemness and intracellular anti‐ageing properties of porcine BM‐MSCs. This has been confirmed by the relative abundances for Nanog, c‐Myc Rex1, Sox2 and Survivin mRNAs in TSA‐exposed BM‐MSCs that turned out to be significantly higher than those of TSA‐unexposed BM‐MSCs. Additionally, TSA‐assisted epigenomic modulation of BM‐MSCs did not impact the caspase‐8 activity, Bax protein expression and the incidence of TUNEL‐positive cells. In conclusion, the considerably elevated quantitative profiles of Sox2, Rex1, c‐Myc, Nanog and Survivin mRNA transcripts seem to trigger improved reprogrammability of TSA‐treated BM‐MSC nuclei in cloned pig embryos that thereby displayed remarkably increased blastocyst formation rates as compared to those noticed for embryos derived from TSA‐untreated BM‐MSCs.
Teachers’ perceptions of the impact of the Incredible Years® Teacher Classroom Management programme on their practice and on the social and emotional development of their pupils
Authors: Allen Kate , Hansford Lorraine , Hayes Rachel , Allwood Matthew , Byford Sarah , Longdon Bryony , Price Anna , Ford Tamsin 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe Incredible Years® (IY) Teacher Classroom Management (TCM) programme may be an effective way to reduce teacher stress levels, improve child behaviour, and promote positive socio‐emotional development. However, few studies have considered what teachers think of the course and how it might work.AimsIn this paper, we examine teachers’ perceptions of the impact of the TCM programme and how it might work in the classroom.Sample(s)Forty‐four UK primary school teachers who attended the TCM programme as part of the STARS trial (Ford et al., 2018, Psychol. Med., 49, 828).MethodsFocus groups and interviews were held with teachers two months after completing the TCM programme. Thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006, Qual. Res. Psychol., 3, 77) was employed to explore the subsequent data.ResultsThree main themes were identified: impact on the teacher; on children; and on parent‐teacher relationships. Impact on the teacher included a positive change in their ethos. Teachers reported being more able to see things from the child's perspective; placing a greater focus on building positive relationships; thinking before responding; feeling calmer, more confident, and in control; and employing strategies to create positive interactions with children. Teachers felt this had had a positive impact on their pupils’ development and relationships with parents. Feedback on whether or not TCM was effective in tackling particularly challenging behaviour was more mixed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that teachers experience the TCM programme as beneficial. This is discussed alongside other qualitative and quantitative studies in this field.
Detrusor overactivity is missed by stopping urodynamic investigation at a bladder volume of 500 mL
Authors: Baumeister Philipp , Kozomara Marko , Seifert Burkhardt , Mehnert Ulrich , Kessler Thomas M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate whether detrusor overactivity (DO) is missed in a relevant percentage of patients if the urodynamic investigation (UDI) is stopped at a filling volume of 500 mL due to the fear of bladder overdistention, in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and high bladder capacity.Patients and MethodsA consecutive series of 1598 patients with a bladder capacity of >500 mL in the bladder diary undergoing UDI due to lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) was prospectively investigated. UDI was performed according to Good Urodynamic Practices recommended by the International Continence Society. UDI was stopped at strong desire to void or in case of autonomic dysreflexia, vesico‐uretero‐renal reflux, bladder pain or discomfort.ResultsOf the 1598 patients (594 women, 1004 men), 1282 (80%) and 316 (20%) had neurogenic and non‐neurogenic LUTD, respectively. Overall, DO was detected in 66% (1048/1598), in 71% (910/1282) with neurogenic and in 44% (138/316) with non‐neurogenic LUTD. DO occurred in 16% (263/1598, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.7–18.4%) only at a bladder volume >500 mL. This phenomenon was significantly (P < 0.001) more frequent in patients with neurogenic (18% [236/1282], 95% CI 16.4–20.6%) compared with non‐neurogenic (9% [27/316], 95% CI 5.9–12.1%) LUTD.ConclusionsIn both neurological and non‐neurological patients with high bladder capacity, we strongly recommend not to stop UDI at a bladder volume of 500 mL, as DO might be missed in a relevant percentage leading to inappropriate patient treatment.
Fire as a key driver of Earth's biodiversity
Authors: He Tianhua , Lamont Byron B. , Pausas Juli G. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMany terrestrial ecosystems are fire prone, such that their composition and structure are largely due to their fire regime. Regions subject to regular fire have exceptionally high levels of species richness and endemism, and fire has been proposed as a major driver of their diversity, within the context of climate, resource availability and environmental heterogeneity. However, current fire‐management practices rarely take into account the ecological and evolutionary roles of fire in maintaining biodiversity. Here, we focus on the mechanisms that enable fire to act as a major ecological and evolutionary force that promotes and maintains biodiversity over numerous spatiotemporal scales. From an ecological perspective, the vegetation, topography and local weather conditions during a fire generate a landscape with spatial and temporal variation in fire‐related patches (pyrodiversity), and these produce the biotic and environmental heterogeneity that drives biodiversity across local and regional scales. There have been few empirical tests of the proposition that ‘pyrodiversity begets biodiversity’ but we show that biodiversity should peak at moderately high levels of pyrodiversity. Overall species richness is greatest immediately after fire and declines monotonically over time, with postfire successional pathways dictated by animal habitat preferences and varying lifespans among resident plants. Theory and data support the ‘intermediate disturbance hypothesis’ when mean patch species diversity is correlated with mean fire intervals. Postfire persistence, recruitment and immigration allow species with different life histories to coexist. From an evolutionary perspective, fire drives population turnover and diversification by promoting a wide range of adaptive responses to particular fire regimes. Among 39 comparisons, the number of species in 26 fire‐prone lineages is much higher than that in their non‐fire‐prone sister lineages. Fire and its byproducts may have direct mutagenic effects, producing novel genotypes that can lead to trait innovation and even speciation. A paradigm shift aimed at restoring biodiversity‐maintaining fire regimes across broad landscapes is required among the fire research and management communities. This will require ecologists and other professionals to spread the burgeoning fire‐science knowledge beyond scientific publications to the broader public, politicians and media.
Poly(methyl methacrylate)/polysiloxane core‐shell latex as a deepening agent for dyed polyester fabric
Authors: Yu Chengbing , Lu Yilin , Chang Yixun , Yang Dan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPolyester fabrics are usually difficult to dye deeply due to their high refractive indexes. In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate)/polysiloxane core‐shell latex was used as a deepening agent in the colour‐deepening finishing of dyed polyester fabrics by lowering the refraction index and enhancing the diffuse reflection via the rough surface. Poly(methyl methacrylate)/polysiloxane core‐shell latex has a better shade‐deepening effect than polysiloxane latex on dyed polyester fabrics. The mass ratio of core/shell monomer and the finishing conditions of the polyester fabrics had a large influence on shade deepening. The optimum finishing conditions were obtained for a mass ratio of core/shell monomer of 1:2, a deepening agent concentration of 10 wt%, a pick‐up of 80%, and a curing temperature of 180°C. After a deepening finishing, the dyed polyester fabrics showed a small colour difference and the colour fastness barely decreased.
Early hypoglycaemia and adherence after basal insulin initiation in a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Li Pengxiang , Geng Zhi , Ladage Vrushabh P. , Wu Jasmanda , Lorincz Ilona , Doshi Jalpa A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo estimate risk factors associated with early hypoglycaemia and its impact on adherence to and persistence with therapy in Medicare Part D beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes who are initiating basal insulin (BI).Materials and methodsThis retrospective analysis used a 5% sample of Medicare files from 2007–2013, identifying beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes initiating BI from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2012. Early hypoglycaemia was defined as ≥1 hypoglycaemic event ≤6 months postindex. Outcomes included medication adherence and persistence over 12‐ and 36‐month follow‐up. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with early hypoglycaemia and BI adherence/persistence.ResultsOf the 14 466 included patients, 1315 (9.1%) experienced hypoglycaemia ≤6 months after initiating BI. Factors associated with early hypoglycaemia were female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.16 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.32]), receipt of a low‐income subsidy under Medicare Part D (OR 1.20 [95% CI 1.01–1.43]), high diabetes complication score index (OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.01–1.15]), and hypoglycaemia during the baseline period (OR 4.24 [95% CI 3.63–4.96]). At 12 months, patients with baseline hypoglycaemia were less likely to be adherent to (OR 0.81 [95% CI 0.70–0.93]) and more likely to discontinue (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.07–1.66]) their insulin therapy. Results were similar at 36 months.ConclusionsWithin 6 months of BI initiation, almost 1 in 10 Medicare Part D beneficiaries experienced hypoglycaemia. Early hypoglycaemia was associated with decreased adherence to BI treatment over 12‐ and 36‐month follow‐up.
Physicochemical properties, digestibility and expected glycaemic index of high amylose rice differing in length‐width ratio in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunaratne Anil , Wu Kao , Kong Xiangli , Gan Ren‐You , Sui Zhongquan , Kumara Kapila , Ratnayake Upul Kumari , Senarathne Kumuduni , Kasapis Stefan , Corke Harold 
Published: July 2019

SummaryGelatinization, pasting, digestibility and estimated glycaemic index of six high amylose rice varieties differing in length/width ratio were studied. Amylose content ranged narrowly (27.8–29.1%). Resistant starch content ranged from 0.44% to 1.4%. In contrast to gelatinisation enthalpy, gelatinisation temperature (GT) ranged narrowly (76.7–77.4 °C). For all rice varieties, melting temperature of amylose‐lipid complex I and II was around 99 °C and 110 °C, respectively. The enthalpy of amylose‐lipid complex I and II ranged between 0.18–0.87 and 0.23–0.55, respectively. Expected in vitro glycaemic index (GI) of all tested varieties was similar (88.2–92.4). The results showed that the size of the rice grain (length/width) and resistant starch content had no apparent impact on the GI of high amylose rice. The dominant factors determining the digestibility and glycaemic response of the tested high amylose rice varieties seemed to be amylose content and the GT. Besides the pasting temperature, other pasting properties varied significantly but were not correlated to starch digestibility and estimated GI among the six rice varieties. Thus, RVA pasting properties, except for pasting temperature, may not be good predictors for the GI of these high amylose rice.
Investigation of an in‐line prototype fluorescence and infrared backscatter sensor to monitor rennet‐induced coagulation of skim milk at different protein concentrations
Authors: Panikuttira Bhavya , Payne Fred A. , O'Shea Norah , Tobin John T. , O'Callaghan Donal J. , O'Donnell Colm P. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCoagulation of milk is one of the most important steps in cheese manufacture. Cutting the coagulum at optimum firmness is important to optimise the yield and quality of the cheese produced. The aim of this study was to investigate a prototype sensor to monitor rennet‐induced coagulation of skim milk at different protein concentrations (3.3%, 4.0% and 4.7%) and to develop a model to predict the coagulum cutting time at a desired storage modulus (G′). Fluorescence and infrared backscatter profiles were recorded at wavelengths of 350 and 880 nm, respectively. Rheological measurements were used as a reference method to determine the times required for the coagulum to reach G′ values of 0.5, 5 and 20 Pa. Time parameters extracted from the optical profiles generated during the coagulation process were used to develop a model to predict the cutting time at which the coagulum reaches selected G′ values. This study demonstrated that the investigated prototype sensor, combined with the developed prediction model, can be used as an in‐line PAT tool for real‐time monitoring of milk coagulation and prediction of cutting time in cheese manufacturing.
A novel topical therapy for resistant and early peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Pearson Wendy A. , Prentice David A. , Sinclair Deborah L. , Lim Lee Y. , Carville Keryln J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) is an under‐recognised and difficult condition to treat. We describe a case series using a novel topical combination therapy that promotes wound healing and allows for adhesion of the stoma appliance. A crushed oral prednisolone tablet mixed with Stomahesive Protective Powder (ConvaTec) was applied topically to seven patients with PPG and resulted in pain relief and wound healing in six of seven patients. Only one patient experienced recurrence. The novel topical therapy we describe is cost‐effective, readily available, and easily applied in any inpatient or outpatient setting.
Microstructural, magnetic, and hyperfine characterizations of Cu‐doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Ghosh Mritunjoy Prasad , Mukherjee Samrat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have investigated the structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Cu‐substituted cobalt ferrite (CuxCo1−xFe2O4: x = 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60) nanoparticles, synthesized via chemical coprecipitation method. The prepared samples were of single phase as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The mean crystallite size ranged from 44 to 65 nm was obtained using Scherrer's formula. M‐T curves revealed that the Curie temperature of all the samples was above room temperature and it was found to decrease with increasing Cu concentration, which was supported by Mössbauer spectra. Field cooled (FC) hysteresis curves showed ferrimagnetic nature at 5 K and room temperature. It was observed that careful variation of Cu concentration in cobalt ferrite lead to weak A‐B interaction with tunable magnetic properties.
Revisiting Public Support for the Euro, 1999–2017: Accounting for the Crisis and the Recovery
Authors: Roth Felix , Baake Edgar , Jonung Lars , Nowak‐Lehmann D. Felicitas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article explores the evolution and determinants of public support for the euro since its creation in 1999 until the end of 2017, thereby covering the pre‐crisis experience of the euro, the crisis years and the recent recovery. Using uniquely large macro and micro databases and applying up‐to‐date econometric techniques, the authors revisit the growing literature on public support for the euro. First, we find that a majority of citizens support the euro in nearly all 19 euro area member states. Second, we offer fresh evidence that economic factors are important determinants of change in the level of support for the euro: crisis reduces support while periods of recovery from unemployment bode well for public support. This result holds for both macroeconomic and microeconomic factors. Turning to a broad set of socioeconomic variables, we find clear differences in support due to education and perceptions of economic status.
Wavelength‐specific thresholds of artificially reared Japanese eel Anguilla japonica larvae determined from negative‐phototactic behaviours
Authors: Matsuda Keishi , Kamoshida Masaaki , Masuda Yoshitsugu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report wavelength‐specific thresholds of leptocephali of Japanese eels Anguilla japonica determined from their negative‐phototactic behaviour. Leptocephali are most sensitive to wavelengths 400–500 nm and at very short wavelengths. Their visual sensitivity decreases more sharply at wavelengths >500 nm than it does at wavelengths <400 nm. The spectral sensitivity of leptocephali adapts to the optical conditions of their habitat. The mean visual sensitivity threshold of leptocephali is 7.22 × 10−4 μmol m−2 s−1 between 400 and 500 nm. Based on visual sensitivity thresholds of 475 nm, the most transparent wavelength in waters where these leptocephali occur, the daytime depth of occurrence of these larvae may exceed 250 m. LEDs emitting light of wavelength 625 nm in culture environments would minimise disturbance to leptocephali during facility maintenance.
Decoding the complex internal chemical structure of garnet porphyroblasts from the Zermatt area, Western Alps
Authors: Bucher Kurt , Weisenberger Tobias Björn , Klemm Oliver , Weber Sebastian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGarnet is a prototypical mineral in metamorphic rocks because it commonly preserves chemical and textural features that can be used for untangling its metamorphic development. Large garnet porphyroblasts may show extremely complex internal structures as a result of a polycyclic growth history, deformation, and modification of growth structures by intra‐ and intercrystalline diffusion. The complex internal structure of garnet porphyroblasts from garnet–phengite schists (GPS) of the Zermatt area (Western Alps) has been successfully decoded. The centimetre‐sized garnet porphyroblasts are composed of granulite facies garnet fragments overgrown by a younger generation of grossular‐rich eclogite facies garnet. The early granulite facies garnet (G‐Grt) formed from low‐P, high‐T metamorphism during a pre‐Alpine orogenic event. The late garnet (E‐Grt) is typical of high‐pressure, low‐temperature (HPLT) metamorphism and can be related to Alpine subduction of the schists. Thus, the garnet of the GPS are polycyclic (polymetamorphic). G‐Grt formation occurred at ~670 MPa and 780°C, E‐Grt formed at ~1.7 GPa and 530°C. The G‐Grt is relatively rich in Prp and poor in Grs, while E‐Grt is rich in Grs and poor in Prp. The Alm content (mol.%) of G‐Grt is 68 of E‐Grt 55. After formation of E‐Grt between and around fragmented G‐Grt at 530°C, the GPS have been further subducted and reached a maximum temperature of 580°C before exhumation started. Garnet composition profiles indicate that the initially very sharp contacts between the granulite facies fragments of G‐Grt and fracture seals of HPLT garnet (E‐Grt) have been modified by cation diffusion. The profiles suggest that Ca did not exchange at the scale of 1 µm, whereas Fe and Mg did efficiently diffuse at the derived maximum temperature of 580°C for the GPS at the scale of 7–8 µm. The Grt–Grt diffusion profiles resulted from spending c. 10 Ma at 530–580°C along the P–T–t path. The measured Grt composition profiles are consistent with diffusivities of log DMgFe = −25.8 m2/s from modelled diffusion profiles. Mg loss by diffusion from G‐Grt is compensated by Fe gain by diffusion from E‐Grt to maintain charge balance. This leads to a distinctive Fe concentration profile typical of uphill diffusion.
A case of lichen aureus successfully treated with 595 nm wavelength pulsed‐dye laser
Authors: Arreola Jauregui Ileana Elizabeth , López Zaldo Juan Basilio , Huerta Rivera Gabriel , Soria Orozco Manuel , Bonnafoux Alcaraz Mireille , Paniagua Santos Juan Enrique , Vázquez Huerta Minerva 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundLichen aureus (LA) is a variant of pigmented purpuric dermatosis (PPDs) that typically presents with the acute onset of a solitary, unilateral, purple to rust‐yellow colored lichenoid patch or plaque on lower extremities. Treatment remains challenging and is based on anecdotal case reports often with poor results.AimsDescribe a case of LA successfully treated with 595 nm wavelength pulsed‐dye laser (PDL).Patient/methodA 46‐year‐old woman with segmental LA was treated using a 595 nm PDL at a uniform spot size of 10 mm, with pulse durations of 10 milliseconds and fluence of 6 J/cm2. The patient had received previous treatments with no improvement.ResultsClearance was archived after three sessions with PDL. Sessions were performed at intervals of 4 weeks, with no serious adverse events nor recurrence.ConclusionWe hypothesize the favorable clinical outcome with PDL is due to the affinity of the wavelength for oxyhemoglobin (allowing uniform vessel penetration and energy delivery to fragile capillaries and intraluminal blood) and to its anti‐inflammatory profile. PDL seems to be an alternative for patients with progressive LA that have failed other therapies.