bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal–organic framework (UiO‐66)‐dispersed polyurethane composite films for the decontamination of methyl paraoxon
Authors: Kim Kiyeon , Seo Jin Young , Baek Kyung‐Youl , Bae Jin‐Young , Shin Seunghan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) composite films containing UiO‐66 were prepared for the decontamination of methyl paraoxon (MPO), an organophosphate‐type nerve agent simulant. Waterborne PU dispersions were synthesized by changing the type of polyol to improve the miscibility with UiO‐66. Depending on the size of the polyol, the PU films had different surface free energy, flexibility and compatibility with UiO‐66. UiO‐66 was well dispersed in PU films when the flexibility of the films increased. The tensile strength of the UiO‐66/PU composite films gradually increased from 7.5 to 11.3 MPa with increasing UiO‐66 content, but the elongation decreased from 781 to 120%. The decomposition of MPO by the UiO‐66/PU composite films increased with an increase of the UiO‐66 content and hydrolysis time. In the case of the 21.2 wt% UiO‐66/PU composite film, 48% of MPO was decomposed within 3 h. This was similar to the decomposition when using a UiO‐66 slurry (52%) under the same decomposition conditions. Unlike the UiO‐66 slurry, the 21.2 wt% UiO‐66/PU composite film maintained a similar MPO decomposition performance after 10 repeated experiments. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Components of total energy expenditure in free-living elderly men (over 75 years of age) : measurement, predictability and relationship to quality-of-life indices
Authors: Fuller N. J. , Sawyer M. B. , Coward W. A. , Paxton P. , Elial M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrent recommendations for energy requirements in the elderly are based on assumed levels of physical activity relative to BMR (1.5 x BMR). The main aim of the present study was to establish whether these recommendations might be applicable to a randomly-selected group of free-living elderly men (all over 75 years of age). BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry and total energy expenditure (TEE) by the doubly-labelled-water technique. Further aims included evaluating the applicability of a variety of BMR prediction equations and whether assessed quality of life reflected any measured indices of energy expenditure. The mean value for daily energy requirement was found to be 1.5 x BMR (89 J/kg per min) but with substantial inter-individual variation (SD 0-2 x BMR; 14 J/kg per min). The bias between measured TEE and TEE estimated (1.5 x BMR) from the various BMR predictions varied according to which equation was used (-10-+ 8% of the mean) with substantial 95 YO limits of agreement (28-30%of the mean). TEE and physical activity plus thermogenesis (TEE -BMR) were positively related to activities of daily living, but no relationships were apparent between these and perceived quality of life. It is concluded that, despite considerable inter-individual variability, national recommendations for energy requirements of elderly people are applicable to this randomly-selected group of free-living men over 75 years of age but that substantial variation exists when attempts are made to estimate TEE from measurements or predictions of BMR.
Challenges in Gendering Indigenous Legal Education: Insights from Professors Teaching about Indigenous Laws
Authors: Snyder Emily 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the past decade there has been a distinct increase in literature on Indigenous laws. Calls to teach about Indigenous laws in postsecondary institutions in Canada have also intensified. This growth and these calls are significant, yet as with all fields of inquiry and teaching, there are also gaps. Gender continues to be under-addressed in work on Indigenous legal education. Drawing on interviews with twenty-three professors who teach about Indigenous law at postsecondary institutions in Canada, I examine the challenges in gendering Indigenous legal education. The professors all expressed that it is important to engage with gender when teaching, but the majority were experiencing significant challenges in actually doing so in practice. It is essential to understand how these challenges are entangled with gendered power dynamics and broader structural barriers, as they will continue to limit Indigenous legal education if not directly deconstructed and changed. Overall, the interviews signal the need for increased institutional support and change, more educational resources, eliminating discrimination, and ongoing discussion about gender and Indigenous law.
Liberalism in Devon and Cornwall, 1910–1931: ‘the old-time religion’
Authors: Dawson Michael 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTLiberalism in Devon and Cornwall before 1914 pursued a traditional ‘democratic’ rhetoric based on a class division which associated the Liberal party with ‘the people’ and Unionism with a privileged aristocracy. The ‘new Liberalism’ and social reform were unimportant. In the 1920s, the Gladstonian trinity of peace, retrenchment and free trade comprised easily the most common theme in Liberal candidates’ speeches. The Gladstonian tradition remained central to Liberalism because it accurately reflected the preoccupations of the party's core supporters in the region. There was apparently no belief amongst Liberals that the party's policies after 1918 were out-dated and irrelevant; their view is supported by an analysis of the 1923, 1924 and 1929 contests and their results.Throughout the period, Liberal candidates were as ready and able as their opponents to use the coarser arts of electioneering. Liberalism was not wedded to a restricted Edwardian electorate with a relatively high level of political intelligence. The argument that it was is contradicted by contemporary accounts that the electorate of the 1920s was more thoughtful and less susceptible to emotional appeals than were pre-war voters.
Last Word
Authors: Callan Eamonn 
Published: May 2019

What are the virtues that befit citizens of a liberal democracy? What moral constraints should the state respect in its sponsorship of political education? In “Political Liberalism and Political Education” I gave a partial answer to the first question; apart from a solitary footnote, I ignored the second. Yet some of my Rawls-inspired remarks about the connection between the burdens of judgment and toleration blurred the distinction between the two questions. That is unfortunate because the distinction matters.Suppose we answer the first question correctly. We might still be tempted to pursue the ends of political education with Jacobin ferocity, laying waste to all that impedes our righteous cause. That course is subject to overwhelming moral criticism. Liberals must care about freedom of conscience and not just about the freedom of the virtuous liberal conscience. Alternatively, a correct answer to the second question might coincide with a certain blindness to the importance of the first or with a tendency to confound what is properly tolerated in a liberal democracy with what is rightly deemed virtuous. Liberals cannot afford to be indifferent to the virtues that are distinctive of the liberal conscience or to neglect the educational practices that would nourish them. If a self-defeating cultural aggressiveness is the vice of some who are fixated by the first question, an equally destructive cultural complacency is the besetting sin of those who take the second question seriously without having a credible answer to the first.
OBSERVING THE EMERGENCE OF CONSTRUCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Römer Ute , Berger Cynthia M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBased on writing produced by second language learners at different proficiency levels (CEFR A1 to C1), we adopted a usage-based approach (Ellis, Römer, & O’Donnell, 2016; Tyler & Ortega, 2018) to investigate how German and Spanish learner knowledge of 19 English verb-argument constructions (VACs; e.g., “Vwithn,” illustrated byhe always agrees with her) develops. We extracted VACs from subsets of the Education First-Cambridge Open Language Database, altogether comprising more than 68,000 texts and 6 million words. For each VAC, L1 learner group, and proficiency level, we determined type and token frequencies, as well as the most dominant verb-VAC associations. To study effects of proficiency and L1 on VAC production, we carried out correlation analyses to compare verb-VAC associations of learners at different levels and different L1 backgrounds. We also correlated each learner dataset with comparable data from a large reference corpus of native English usage. Results indicate that with increasing proficiency, learners expand their VAC repertoire and productivity, and verb-VAC associations move closer to native usage.
Psychometric Properties of Spanish Version Student Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES–S–9) in High-school Students
Authors: Serrano Cristina , Andreu Yolanda , Murgui Sergio , Martínez Paula 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) is a self-report instrument widely used, both in the original and its abbreviated version of nine items, to assess the work -UWES, UWES–9– and academic engagement -UWES-S, UWES–S–9–. The present study examines factor structure of the UWES–S–9 using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), its convergent validity and invariance across sex and age groups in a sample of 626 Spanish high school students. The results support an unidimensional conceptualization of engagement (S-Bχ2/df= 5.29; CFI = .96; NNFI = .94; RMSEA = .083; IFI = .96; AIC = 82.21; BIC = 267.38), revealed an essentially invariant structure of the UWES–S–9 across the sex, ΔS-Bχ2(Δ6)= 10.67;p≤ .05, and age, ΔS-Bχ2(Δ7)= 9.67;p≤ .05, and confirmed the positive association between academic engagement and achievement (r= .30;p≤ .001), dispositional optimism (r= .21;p≤ .001), and subjective well-being (r= .16;p≤ .001), and the negative association with perceived stress (r=. –13;p≤ .001). In short, the Spanish version of UWES–S–9 is presented as a brief, reliable and valid tool to measure academic engagement in high school students (α = .91, AVE = .52, Ω = .911).
Do Self-Reports and Informant-Ratings Measure the Same Personality	Constructs?
Authors: Mõttus René , Allik Jüri , Realo Anu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Personality researchers often supplement or substitute self-reports with ratings from knowledgeable informants, at least implicitly assuming that the same constructs are being measured regardless of the source of ratings. However, measurement invariance (MI) of personality constructs across these rating types has rarely been empirically tested. Here, this was done for the Five-Factor Model domains and their 30 facets ( N = 3,253). All facets and all domains but Agreeableness met the level of invariance (metric MI) required for comparing the relative standings of individuals across self-reports and informant-ratings, which is what researchers mostly do. However, ten facets and the Agreeableness domain failed to achieve the level of invariance (scalar MI) recommended when comparing mean scores. In conclusion, self-reports and informant-ratings appear to measure similar constructs for most research purposes.
The Latin Square Task as a Measure of Relational	Reasoning
Authors: Hearne Luke J. , Birney Damian P. , Cocchi Luca , Mattingley Jason B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Latin Square Task (LST) is a relational reasoning paradigm developed by Birney, Halford, and Andrews (2006) . Previous work has shown that the LST elicits typical reasoning complexity effects, such that increases in complexity are associated with decrements in task accuracy and increases in response times. Here we modified the LST for use in functional brain imaging experiments, in which presentation durations must be strictly controlled, and assessed its validity and reliability. Modifications included presenting the components within each trial serially, such that the reasoning and response periods were separated. In addition, the inspection time for each LST problem was constrained to five seconds. We replicated previous findings of higher error rates and slower response times with increasing relational complexity and observed relatively large effect sizes (η2p > 0.70, r > .50). Moreover, measures of internal consistency and test-retest reliability confirmed the stability of the LST within and across separate testing sessions. Interestingly, we found that limiting the inspection time for individual problems in the LST had little effect on accuracy relative to the unconstrained times used in previous work, a finding that is important for future brain imaging experiments aimed at investigating the neural correlates of relational reasoning.
DInSAR Analysis and Analytical Modeling of Mount Etna Displacements: The December 2018 Volcano‐Tectonic Crisis
Authors: De Novellis V. , Atzori S. , De Luca C. , Manzo M. , Valerio E. , Bonano M. , Cardaci C. , Castaldo R. , Di Bucci D. , Manunta M. , Onorato G. , Pepe S. , Solaro G. , Tizzani P. , Zinno I. , Neri M. , Lanari R. , Casu F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe investigate the 24–27 December 2018 eruption of Mount Etna occurred from fissures located on the volcano eastern flank and accompanied by a seismic swarm, which was triggered by the magma intrusion and continued for weeks after the end of the eruption. Moreover, this swarm involved some of the shallow volcano‐tectonic structures located on the Mount Etna flanks and culminated on 26 December with the strongest event (ML 4.8), occurred along the Fiandaca Fault. In this work, we analyze seismological data and Sentinel‐1 Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) measurements, the latter inverted through analytical modeling. Our results suggest that a dike source intruded, promoting the opening of the eruptive fissures fed by a shallower dike. Moreover, our findings indicate that the activation of faults in different sectors of the volcano may be considered as a response to accommodate the deformations induced by the magma volumes injection.
Mechanism for oral tumor cell lysyl oxidase like-2 in cancer development: synergy with PDGF-AB
Authors: Mahjour Faranak , Dambal Vrinda , Shrestha Neha , Singh Varun , Noonan Vikki , Kantarci Alpdogan , Trackman Philip C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExtracellular lysyl oxidases (LOX and LOXL1–LOXL4) are critical for collagen biosynthesis. LOXL2 is a marker of poor survival in oral squamous cell cancer. We investigated mechanisms by which tumor cell secreted LOXL2 targets proximal mesenchymal cells to enhance tumor growth and metastasis. This study identified the first molecular mechanism for LOXL2 in the promotion of cancer via its enzymatic modification of a non-collagenous substrate in the context of paracrine signaling between tumor cells and resident fibroblasts. The role and mechanism of active LOXL2 in promoting oral cancer was evaluated and employed a novel LOXL2 small molecule inhibitor, PSX-S1C, administered to immunodeficient, and syngeneic immunocompetent orthotopic oral cancer mouse models. Tumor growth, histopathology, and metastases were monitored. In vitro mechanistic studies with conditioned tumor cell medium treatment of normal human oral fibroblasts were carried out in the presence and absence of the LOXL2 inhibitor to identify signaling mechanisms promoted by LOXL2 activity. Inhibition of LOXL2 attenuated cancer growth and lymph node metastases in the orthotopic tongue mouse models. Immunohistochemistry data indicated that LOXL2 expression in and around tumors was decreased in mice treated with the inhibitor. Inhibition of LOXL2 activity by administration of PXS-S1C to mice reduced tumor cell proliferation, accompanied by changes in morphology and in the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers. In vitro studies identified PDGFRβ as a direct substrate for LOXL2, and indicated that LOXL2 and PDGF-AB together secreted by tumor cells optimally activated PDGFRβ in fibroblasts to promote proliferation and the tendency toward fibrosis via ERK activation, but not AKT. Optimal fibroblast proliferation in vitro required LOXL2 activity, while tumor cell proliferation did not. Thus, tumor cell-derived LOXL2 in the microenvironment directly targets neighboring resident cells to promote a permissive local niche, in addition to its known role in collagen maturation.
Meta-analysis of urbanization impact on rainfall modification
Authors: Liu Jie , Niyogi Dev 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEven though it is known that urbanization affects rainfall, studies vary regarding the magnitude and location of rainfall change. To develop a comprehensive understanding of rainfall modification due to urbanization, a systematic meta-analysis is undertaken. The initial search identified over 2000 papers of which 489 were carefully analyzed. From these papers, 85 studies from 48 papers could be used in a quantitative meta-analysis assessment. Results were analyzed for case studies versus climatological assessments, observational versus modeling studies and for day versus night. Results highlight that urbanization modifies rainfall, such that mean precipitation is enhanced by 18% downwind of the city, 16% over the city, 2% on the left and 4% on the right with respect to the storm direction. The rainfall enhancement occurred approximately 20–50 km from the city center. Study results help develop a more complete picture of the role of urban processes in rainfall modification and highlight that rainfall increases not only downwind of the city but also over the city. These findings have implications for urban flooding as well as hydroclimatological studies. This meta-analysis highlights the need for standardizing how the results are presented in future studies to aid the generalization of findings.
Temporal dependence of shifts in mu opioid receptor mobility at the cell surface after agonist binding observed by single-particle tracking
Authors: Metz Marissa J. , Pennock Reagan L. , Krapf Diego , Hentges Shane T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAgonist binding to the mu opioid receptor (MOR) results in conformational changes that allow recruitment of G-proteins, activation of downstream effectors and eventual desensitization and internalization, all of which could affect receptor mobility. The present study employed single particle tracking (SPT) of quantum dot labeled FLAG-tagged MORs to examine shifts in MOR mobility after agonist binding. FLAG-MORs on the plasma membrane were in both mobile and immobile states under basal conditions. Activation of FLAG-MORs with DAMGO caused an acute increase in the fraction of mobile MORs, and free portions of mobile tracks were partially dependent on interactions with G-proteins. In contrast, 10-minute exposure to DAMGO or morphine increased the fraction of immobile FLAG-MORs. While the decrease in mobility with prolonged DAMGO exposure corresponded to an increase in colocalization with clathrin, the increase in colocalization was present in both mobile and immobile FLAG-MORs. Thus, no single mobility state of the receptor accounted for colocalization with clathrin. These findings demonstrate that SPT can be used to track agonist-dependent changes in MOR mobility over time, but that the mobility states observed likely arise from a diverse set of interactions and will be most informative when examined in concert with particular downstream effectors.
Implications of genetic variation of common Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and ABC Transporters among the Pakistani Population
Authors: Afsar Nasir Ali , Bruckmueller Henrike , Werk Anneke Nina , Nisar Muhammad Kashif , Ahmad H. R. , Cascorbi Ingolf 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenetic polymorphism of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters may influence drug response. The frequency varies substantially between ethnicities thus having implications on appropriate selection and dosage of various drugs in different populations. The distribution of genetic polymorphisms in healthy Pakistanis has so far not been described. In this study, 155 healthy adults (98 females) were included from all districts of Karachi. DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyped for relevant SNVs in CYP1A1, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 as well as ALDH3A1, GSTA1, ABCB1 and ABCC2. About 64% of the participants were born to parents who were unrelated to each other. There was generally a higher prevalence (p < 0.05) of variant alleles of CYP450 1A2, 2B6, 2C19, 3A5, ALDH3A1, GSTM1 as well as ABCB1 and ABCC2 in this study cohort than in other ethnicities reported in the HapMap database. In contrast, the prevalence of variant alleles was lower in GSTA1. Therefore, in the Pakistani population sample from Karachi a significantly different prevalence of variant drug metabolizing enzymes and ABC transporters was observed as compared to other ethnicities, which could have putative clinical consequences on drug efficacy and safety.
The role of the triglyceride (triacylglycerol) glucose index in the development of cardiovascular events: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Li Sangsang , Guo Bingxin , Chen Huanan , Shi Zhan , Li Yapeng , Tian Qingfeng , Shi Songhe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the role of the triglyceride (triacylglycerol) glucose (TyG) index in predicting and mediating the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This cohort study included 6078 participants aged over 60 years who participated in a routine health check-up programme from 2011 to 2017. The competing risk model, cox regression model and multimediator analyses were performed. TyG was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dl) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)/2]. During a median 6 years of follow-up, 705 (21.01/1000 person-years) CVD events occurred. In fully adjusted analyses, quartiles 3 and 4 versus quartile 1 of TyG index (adjusted subhazard ratios [SHRs] 1.33 [95% CI: 1.05–1.68] and 1.72 [1.37–2.16]) were associated with an increased risk of CVD events. The continuous time-dependent TyG remained significant in predicting CVD events (adjusted hazard ratios [HR] 1.43 [1.24–1.63]). The adverse estimated effects of body mass index (BMI) or resting heart rate (RHR) on CVD mediated through the joint effect of the baseline and follow-up TyG index. In addition, an effect mediated only through the follow-up TyG existed (P < 0.05). Thus, it is necessary to routinely measure the TyG. The TyG index might be useful for predicting CVD events in clinical practice.
A Device for measuring the in-situ response of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells to airborne environmental agents
Authors: Chandrala Lakshmana D. , Afshar-Mohajer Nima , Nishida Kristine , Ronzhes Yury , Sidhaye Venkataramana K. , Koehler Kirsten , Katz Joseph 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMeasuring the time evolution of response of Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial (NHBE) cells to aerosols is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of airway disease. This study introduces a novel Real-Time Examination of Cell Exposure (RTECE) system, which enables direct in situ assessment of functional responses of the cell culture during and following exposure to environmental agents. Included are cell morphology, migration, and specialised responses, such as ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Utilising annular nozzles for aerosol injection and installing windows above and below the culture, the cells can be illuminated and examined during exposure. The performance of RTECE is compared to that of the commercial Vitrocell by exposing NHBE cells to cigarette smoke. Both systems show the same mass deposition and similar trends in smoke-induced changes to monolayer permeability, CBF and transepithelial resistance. In situ measurements performed during and after two exposures to smoke show that the CBF decreases gradually during both exposures, recovering after the first, but decreasing sharply after the second. Using Particle image velocimetry, the cell motions are monitored for twelve hours. Exposure to smoke increases the spatially-averaged cell velocity by an order of magnitude. The relative motion between cells peaks shortly after each exposure, but remains elevated and even increases further several hours later.