bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between novice versus experienced EFL teacher’s Big Five personality traits and their ambiguity tolerance and risk taking
Authors: Rezaei Omid , Vasheghani Farahani Mehrdad , Musaei Sejzehei Fatemeh 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible relationship between novice vs experienced EFLs teachers’ Big Five personality traits, ambiguity tolerance and risk taking. To this purpose, 30 teachers of TEFL courses were randomly selected, and three instruments of NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Ambiguity Tolerance Scale and Risk-taking Propensity Measure were employed to measure their Big Five personality traits, their ambiguity tolerance and risk taking, respectively.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was a quantitative ex post facto study. The first phase of the study was to investigate the relationship among variables of the study. On the other hand, the second phase of the study examined the impact of experience of teachers on their risk taking and ambiguity tolerance.

Findings
The results showed that the more experienced the teachers are, the less risk they take and the more ambiguity tolerant they are. On the other hand, the less experienced the teachers are, the more risk they will take and the less they can tolerate ambiguity. The findings of this research can have useful implications for teacher training programs as well as teaching practices.

Originality/value
This study can add to the circle of knowledge and enhance theoretical assumptions of the field. Moreover, considering the Iranian context, a few studies have focused on the importance of uncovering relationship between five big personality traits and teachers’ personality factors. Therefore, this study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between the Big Five personality traits of teachers and their ambiguity tolerance and risk taking.
Leadership style, occupational perception and organizational citizenship behavior in the Arab education system in Israel
Authors: Arar Khalid , Abu Nasra Muhammed 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe field of educational systems has witnessed an increase in studies of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as it contributes to the effectiveness and success of schools and achieving their objectives and goals. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between principals’ leadership style, occupational perceptions and OCB.Design/methodology/approachThe research hypothesis holds that the leadership style (transformational or transactional) have a direct and indirect effect on OCB (through occupation perception). These hypotheses have been tested on data collected from 620 Arab Israeli teachers.FindingsThe results reveal that: transformational and transactional leadership have no direct effect on OCB, an indirect effect of occupational perception on the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB, occupational perception did not mediate the effect between transactional leadership and OCB.Originality/valueThe results of the study contribute to the understanding of the way leadership style and OCB interact in schools, and the importance of teachers’ occupational perception in explaining this relationship. Future research should further investigate the teachers’ occupational perceptions and its effect on their performance as little research has been conducted to date.
Of time and the city: curating urban fragments for the purposes of place marketing
Authors: Warnaby Gary 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the place marketing potential of historic urban “fragments”, with particular reference to old corporate identity symbols still extant in urban space.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a discussion of theoretical context, specifically incorporating spatial semiotics and psychogeography, the paper constitutes an interpretive account of a “tour” around the city of Manchester, UK, apprehending and discussing various historic corporate identity fragments still visible in the city.

Findings
Historic corporate identity fragments are identified and outlined, and issues arising from their continued existence, in terms of, for example, what constitutes heritage, and how this heritage can be used for the creation of urban distinctiveness (or genius loci) for the purposes of place marketing/branding are discussed.

Originality/value
The potential of heritage to be incorporated into the “representation work” of those responsible for urban management/marketing is highlighted, along with the need for such heritage fragments to be “curated”, if their full potential in this regard is to be realised.
‘The SEND Code of Practice has given me clout’: a phenomenological study illustrating how SENCos managed the introduction of the SEND reforms
Authors: Curran Helen 
Published: January 2019

The introduction of the Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) reforms were hailed in 2014, by the then Government, as the most significant change to SEND policy for 30 years. Despite the changes introduced, the 2015 Code continued to place responsibility for the co‐ordination of provision for children with special educational needs within the remit of the SENCo. This article forms part of a wider study which examined the role of the SENCo at this time of significant reform; the study aimed to understand the role of the SENCo as a policy actor tasked with policy implementation, as well as their perceptions of the impact during the first year of reform. This article discusses the themes that arose from the in‐depth semi‐structured interviews carried out with SENCo participants during 2014/2015, which explored reflections on the SENCo role, SENCo activities undertaken across the year, and how SENCos facilitated the implementation of the 2015 Code.
The Left's New Urbanism
Authors: Cruddas Jon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe idea of suburbia, or the suburban, or the suburbs, can imply a number of different things. Suburbia suggests a physical place, in general the outskirts of a city or large town; suburban can infer a certain lifestyle; and the idea of the suburbs is often used to identify a community or class of people who inhabit a specific territory. In politics, these terms can also retain various meanings in terms of geography, culture or community. Alongside the ideas of the urban or the rural, they are often used to debate questions of political strategy and shifting electoral coalitions. In this article, ideas of urban and suburban places, cultures and communities are used to consider wider debate regarding future coalitions and strategy within the modern left, specifically a renewed urban politics that can be identified. This new ‘urbanism’ suggests a geographical realignment—partly on cultural or lifestyle grounds—which is significant within an overall attempt to redefine the ‘base’ of the left in terms of class and community. This article considers these issues with reference to what historically has been described as the ‘Progressive Dilemma’.
Public Meets Private: Conversations Between Coca‐Cola and the CDC
Authors: MAANI HESSARI NASON , RUSKIN GARY , McKEE MARTIN , STUCKLER DAVID 
Published: January 2019

Policy Points
There is growing understanding of how manufacturers of harmful products influence health policy. The strategies, approaches, and influences from such manufacturers that are detrimental to health have been termed the “corporate” or “commercial” determinants of health. However, while partnerships with the tobacco industry are clearly unacceptable for public health organizations, ties to other industries continue to be pursued.
Such partnerships may influence health organizations in a number of ways detrimental to population health. However, with the exception of tobacco industry tactics as revealed by internal documents, we know relatively little about how this influence operates.
This article uses emails between the Coca‐Cola Company and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which we obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests, to explore the nature of corporate influence, conflicts of interest, and lobbying “in their own words,” and highlights the need for greater transparency and clearer policies on engaging with such industries.
ContextThere is a continuing debate about the appropriateness of contacts between manufacturers of some harmful products and health researchers, as well as practitioners and policymakers. Some argue that such contacts may be a means of exerting undue influence, while others present them as an opportunity to pursue shared health goals. This article examines interactions between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Coca‐Cola Company (Coca‐Cola) as revealed by communications obtained through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests.MethodsWe sent 10 US FOIA requests in 2016/2017 for communications between employees at the CDC and Coca‐Cola. We then performed a thematic content analysis of the documents provided.FindingsOf our 10 FOIA requests, 3 requests are still pending (at the time of this publication); 5 were rejected as too broad or because no records were found; and 3 returned 295 pages from 86 emails. The CDC withheld 102 pages to “protect commercial or financial information which is privileged or confidential.” The returned emails demonstrate three main themes in Coca‐Cola's contact with CDC employees: to gain and expand access, to lobby, and to shift attention and blame away from sugar‐sweetened beverages.ConclusionsThe emails we obtained using FOIA requests reveal efforts by Coca‐Cola to lobby the CDC to advance corporate objectives rather than health, including to influence the World Health Organization. Our findings provide a rare example of the ways in which corporate interests attempt to influence public health practitioners “in their own words,” and they demonstrate a need for clearer policies on avoiding partnerships with manufacturers of harmful products.
Putting a price on drugs: An economic sociological study of price formation in illegal drug markets
Authors: Moeller Kim , Sandberg Sveinung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrices in illegal drug markets are difficult to predict. Based on qualitative interviews with 68 incarcerated drug dealers in Norway, we explore dealers’ perspectives on fair prices and the processes that influence their pricing decisions. Synthesized through economic sociology, we draw on perspectives from traditions as different as behavioral economics and cultural analysis to demonstrate how participants in illicit drug distribution base their pricing decisions on institutional context, social networks, and drug market cultures. We find that dealers take institutional constraints into consideration and search for niches with high earnings and low risks. The use of transactions embedded in social networks promotes a trusting form of governance, which enables strategic network management and expedient distribution but also uncompetitive pricing. Finally, dealers’ pricing decisions are embedded in three different cultures narratives: business, friendship, and street cultural stories, with widely varying implications for prices. Our findings demonstrate how an economic sociology of illicit drug distribution can extend insights from behavioral economics and cultural studies into a coherent criminology of illegal drug markets.
A new species of Macrophya Dahlbom (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with a key to species of the Macrophya coxalis group from China
Authors: Li Ze‐Jian , Liu Meng‐Meng , Wei Mei‐Cai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new species, Macrophyra pseudocoxalis Li, Liu & Wei, sp. nov., of the genus Macrophya Dahlbom (Hymenptera: Tenthredinidae) from China is described. A key to known Chinese species of the Macrophya coxalis group is provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Lishui Academy of Forestry, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
Review and audit of the post‐surgical MRI breast: Pictorial essay
Authors: Muir Tracey , Ebrahim Lamya , Wylie Elizabeth , Taylor Donna 
Published: January 2019

SummaryAudit of contrast‐enhanced breast MRI performed over a 3‐year period in a single institution to describe and summarise the changes seen after surgery and radiation therapy for primary breast cancer, breast augmentation and oncoplastic surgery. Seventy women were identified and reviewed (100 breast MRIs in total). The most common change seen was haemosiderin deposition. The early changes of skin thickening, oedema, seroma and background parenchymal enhancement decreased with time leaving residual breast shrinkage, haemosiderin/calcification and architectural distortion due to fibrosis and scarring.
Keeping it private: financial reporting by large proprietary companies in Australia
Authors: Potter Brad , Pinnuck Matthew , Tanewski George , Wright Sue 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSince 2010, proprietary companies have had a choice of preparing three types of financial reports that vary in scope. We find that between 2010 and 2015, most proprietary companies in our random sample chose the lowest scope option, with very low quality financial reports. Few adopted the new option provided by AASB 1053 Application of Tiers of Australian Accounting Standards. The characteristics of the firms that adopted each type of report are consistent with the regulator's intention. Our findings should provide a better understanding of how accounting standards impact practice, and should assist regulators to reform private company financial reporting.
How Government Reactions to Violence Worsen Social Welfare: Evidence from Peru
Authors: Sexton Renard , Wellhausen Rachel L. , Findley Michael G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDissident violence inflicts many costs on society, but some of the longest‐lasting consequences for civilians may be indirect, due to the government's response. We explore how government policy responses affect social welfare, specifically through budgetary shifts. Using subnational violence and budgeting data for Peru, we demonstrate that attacks on soldiers during the budget negotiation period drive a shift from local social services, especially health, to defense. One soldier fatality implies a 0.13 percentage point reduction in the local health budget share (2008–12). Health budget cuts due to a single soldier fatality result in 76 predicted additional infant deaths 2 years later. We show that the effect on health budgeting operates through decreases in women's use of health facilities and postnatal services. We offer evidence that Peru's coercive response indirectly harms civilians due to butter‐to‐guns budgetary shifts. Our results identify a budgetary mechanism that translates dissident violence into a deterioration in social welfare.
Rural versus urban women: An examination of anthropometry and body composition
Authors: Tan Miriam , Brown Leanne J. , Mathews Kimberly I. , Whatnall Megan C. , Hutchesson Melinda J. , MacDonald‐Wicks Lesley K. , Patterson Amanda J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and compare body composition and fat distribution of Australian women 18–44 years from an urban and rural location.DesignCross‐sectional survey and collection of anthropometric and body composition measurements.SettingNewcastle and Tamworth in New South Wales.ParticipantsConvenience sample of women recruited through media and community.Main outcome measuresWeight, height, waist and hip girths, visceral fat area, body fat (kg and %) and skeletal muscle mass.ResultsOf the total sample (n = 254), 53% resided in an urban area and the mean age was 28.0 (7.6) years. The mean age of rural women was significantly higher than for urban women. The majority of women (66.5%) had a Body Mass Index within the healthy range (18.5–24.9 kg m−2) and there was no significant difference in mean Body Mass Index between rural and urban women. Measures of central fat distribution, waist circumference and waist‐to‐hip ratio were significantly higher in rural residents. Visceral fat area was significantly higher among rural women. After adjustment for age, differences in waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio and visceral fat area were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionWhile we did not find statistically significant differences in body composition among urban and rural women, these results highlight the dramatic effect of age on measures of central adiposity. Population surveillance needs to incorporate measures of excess central adiposity, particularly visceral fat area, to better investigate changes in body composition among women in their 20s and 30s.
Siglec‐7 on peripheral blood eosinophils: Surface expression and function
Authors: Legrand Fanny , Landolina Nadine , Zaffran Ilan , Emeh Robert O. , Chen Elizabeth , Klion Amy D. , Levi‐Schaffer Francesca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSiglec‐7 is an inhibitory receptor (IR) expressed on human blood eosinophils. Whereas activation of other IRs, including Siglec‐8 and CD300a, has been shown to downregulate eosinophil function, little is known about the role of Siglec‐7 on human eosinophils.ObjectiveTo examine Siglec‐7 expression and function in eosinophils from normal (ND) and eosinophilic (EO) donors.MethodsEosinophil expression of Siglec‐7 was quantified by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. Soluble Siglec‐7 (sSiglec‐7) levels were measured by ELISA in serum. The effect of Siglec‐7 on eosinophil viability and degranulation was assessed in vitro by AnnexinV‐FITC/7‐AAD staining and by measuring GM‐CSF‐induced mediator release in culture supernatants. Signal transduction was studied by Western blot.ResultsSiglec‐7 was expressed ex vivo on blood eosinophils from all eosinophilic and normal individuals studied. Siglec‐7 surface, but not SIGLEC‐7mRNA expression, was correlated with absolute eosinophil count (AEC). Siglec‐7 was upregulated on purified eosinophils after in vitro stimulation with GM‐CSF or IL‐5. Serum sSiglec‐7 was detectable in 133/144 subjects tested and correlated with AEC. Siglec‐7 cross‐linking inhibited GM‐CSF‐induced release of eosinophil peroxidase, TNF‐α, and IL‐8 (n = 7–8) but did not promote eosinophil apoptosis (n = 5). Finally, Siglec‐7 cross‐linking on GM‐CSF‐activated eosinophils induced phosphorylation of SHP‐1 and de‐phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38.ConclusionsSiglec‐7 is constitutively expressed on human eosinophils and downmodulates eosinophil activation. Targeting of Siglec‐7 on eosinophils might enhance treatment efficacy in eosinophil‐driven disorders. Conversely, therapeutic interventions that inhibit Siglec‐7 could have unanticipated consequences and promote eosinophilic inflammation.
Retinal blood oxygen saturation and aqueous humour biomarkers in early diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Tayyari Faryan , Khuu Lee‐Anne , Sivak Jeremy M. , Flanagan John G. , Singer Shaun , Brent Michael H. , Hudson Christopher 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between retinal blood oxygen saturation (SO2) and specific aqueous humour (AH) concentrations of proangiogenic biomarkers in diabetic patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and to compare them with those of matched control subjects.MethodsThe sample comprised 14 participants with mild‐to‐moderate NPDR (69.1 ± 6.6 years) and 17 age‐matched healthy controls (69.7 ± 6.3 years); all participants were previously scheduled for routine cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Multiplex cytokine analyses of specific biomarkers, including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A), angiopoietin2 (Ang2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) were performed by BioPlex 200 system. Six non‐invasive hyperspectral retinal images were acquired.ResultsMean SO2 was significantly higher in both arterioles (94.4 ± 1.9 versus 93.0 ± 1.6) and venules (64.4 ± 5.6 versus 55.9 ± 4.8) of NPDR than in the healthy controls (p < 0.001). AH levels of HGF (p = 0.018), Ang2 (p = 0.005) and IL‐8 (p = 0.034) were significantly higher, and EGF (p = 0.030) was significantly lower in NPDR subjects. The study demonstrated a correlation between venular retinal blood oxygen saturation and proangiogenic factors HGF (r = 0.558, p = 0.038), Ang2 (r = 0.556, p = 0.039) and EGF (r = −0.554, p = 0.040), but did not find any correlation for IL‐8 (r = 0.330, p = 0.249) even though this biomarker was significantly higher in the diabetic group.ConclusionTo our knowledge, the present study is the first report considering the association between SO2 and AH concentrations of protein biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy. The biomarkers of interest have been shown to participate in cell death, which may explain higher oxygen saturation in NPDR.
Effects of lentivirus‐mediated astrocyte elevated gene‐1 overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of human retinoblastoma cells
Authors: Bai Haixia , Chang Ying , Li Bin , Mao Ying , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of astrocyte elevated gene‐1 (AEG‐1) overexpression on the biological behaviour of human retinoblastoma (RB) cells and its possible mechanism.MethodsThree human RB cell lines (SO‐RB50, Y79 and WERI‐RB1) were infected with AEG‐1‐GFP recombinant lentiviral vectors to induce AEG‐1 overexpression, while the cells infected with negative lentiviral vectors and cells without any intervention formed control groups.ResultsAll three RB cell lines showed an overexpression of AEG‐1 after lentivirus infection (p < 0.001 for all three cell lines). The survival rate of RB cells increased (all p < 0.001) in the AEG‐1 overexpressed groups when compared with the control groups. There was a decrease in G0/G1 cell cycle phase arrest and an accumulation in G2/M cell cycle phase in all three RB cell lines (p < 0.001), with an induction in the S phase in WERI‐RB1 cells. It was paralleled by a downregulation of p21 and p27 proteins and an upregulation of the Cdc2 protein. The apoptosis rate of RB cells declined (p < 0.001) when AEG‐1 was overexpressed, in association with an upregulation of Bcl‐2 protein and a downregulation of Bax protein and cleaved caspase‐3 proteins.ConclusionsA lentivirus‐mediated AEG‐1 overexpression in RB cells led in vitro to a growth promotion and an apoptosis inhibition of human RB cells, associated with an upregulation of the Bcl‐2 protein, a downregulation of the Bax protein and of cleaved caspase‐3 proteins, and with alterations of the cell cycle. AEG‐1 may be involved in the development and progression of RB.
Ultrasound evaluation of small intestinal thickness and a comparison to body weight in normal chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Garrett K , Milne M , Doneley R , Perkins N 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundUltrasound in avian patients is useful for identifying abnormalities within the coelomic cavity. A correlation between sonographic evaluation of jejunal thickness and body weight has been reported in mammals, but not the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the normal values of jejunal thickness in the chicken and compare this to body weight.MethodsCoelomic ultrasound was performed on 89 clinically normal chickens with no history or signs of gastrointestinal disease. Two populations of hens (commercial layers and backyard purebred and mixed‐breed hens) were used. Breed and ultrasonographically measured jejunal wall thickness were recorded in all hens. Body weight was recorded in 45 of the hens (mixed‐breed and purebred backyard chickens).Results and conclusionThere was no statistically significant correlation between body weight and ultrasonographically measured jejunal wall thickness. The mean thickness of the jejunal wall in healthy chickens was 2.1 ± 0.08 mm. Further studies comparing jejunal thickness in chickens with and without signs of GI disease would be useful.