bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Fundamental Properties and Atmospheric Features of Subdwarfs via a Case Study of SDSS J125637.13–022452.4∗
Authors: Gonzales Eileen C. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Gagné Jonathan , Artigau Étienne , Gagliuffi Daniella Bardalez 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present the distance-calibrated spectral energy distribution (SED) of the sdL3.5 subdwarf SDSS J125637.13−022452.4 (J1256−0224) using its Gaia DR2 parallax. We report the bolometric luminosity and semi-empirical fundamental parameters, as well as updated UVW velocities. The SED of J1256−0224 is compared to field-age and low-gravity dwarfs of the same effective temperature (T
eff) and bolometric luminosity. In the former comparison, we find that the SED of J1256−0224 is brighter than the field source in the optical, but dims in comparison beyond the J band, where it becomes fainter than the field from the H through W2 bands. Compared to the young source, it is fainter at all wavelengths. We conclude that J1256−0224 is depleted of condensates compared to both objects. A near-infrared band-by-band analysis of the spectral features of J1256−0224 is done and is compared to the equivalent T
eff sample. From this analysis, we find a peculiar behavior of the J-band K i doublets whereby the 1.17 μm doublet is stronger than the field or young source, as expected, while the 1.25 μm doublet shows indications of low gravity. In examining a sample of four other subdwarfs with comparable data, we confirm this trend across different subtypes indicating that the 1.25 μm doublet is a poor indicator of gravity for low-metallicity objects. In the K-band analysis of J1256−0224, we detect the 2.29 μm CO line of J1256−0224, previously unseen in the low-resolution SpeX data. We also present fundamental parameters using Gaia parallaxes for nine additional subdwarfs with spectral types M7–L7 for comparison. The 10 subdwarfs are placed in a temperature sequence, and we find a poor linear correlation with spectral type. We present polynomial relations for absolute magnitude in JHKW1W2, effective temperature, and bolometric luminosity versus spectral type for subdwarfs.
Classically and Asteroseismically Constrained 1D Stellar Evolution Models of α Centauri A and B Using Empirical Mixing Length Calibrations
Authors: Joyce M. , Chaboyer B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The bright, nearby binary α Centauri provides an excellent laboratory for testing stellar evolution models, because it is one of the few stellar systems for which we have high-precision classical (mass, radius, luminosity) and asteroseismic (p-mode) observations. Stellar models are created and fit to the classical and seismic observations of both stars by allowing for the free variation of the convective mixing length parameter α
MLT. This system is modeled using five different sets of assumptions about the physics governing the stellar models. There are 31 pairs of tracks (out of ∼150,000 generated) that fit the classical, binary, and seismic observational constraints of the system within 3σ. Models with each tested choice of input physics are found to be viable, but the optimal mixing lengths for α Cen A and α Cen B remain the same regardless of the physical prescription. The optimal mixing lengths are α
MLT,A/α
⊙ = 0.932 and α
MLT,B/α
⊙ = 1.095. That α Cen A and α Cen B require subsolar and supersolar mixing lengths, respectively, to fit the observations is a trend consistent with recent findings, such as those of Kervella et al., Joyce & Chaboyer, and Viani et al. The optimal models find an age for α Centauri of 5.3 ± 0.3 Gyr.
Nuclear Star Clusters in Cosmological Simulations
Authors: Brown Gillen , Gnedin Oleg Y. , Li Hui 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We investigate the possible connection between the most massive globular clusters, such as ω Cen and M54, and nuclear star clusters (NSCs) of dwarf galaxies that exhibit similar spreads in age and metallicity. We examine galactic nuclei in cosmological galaxy formation simulations at z ≈ 1.5 to explore whether their age and metallicity spreads could explain these massive globular clusters. We derive structural properties of these nuclear regions, including mass, size, rotation, and shape. By using theoretical supernova yields to model the supernova enrichment in the simulations, we obtain individual elemental abundances for Fe, O, Na, Mg, and Al. Our nuclei are systematically more metal-rich than their host galaxies, which lie on the expected mass–metallicity relation. Some nuclei have a spread in Fe and age comparable to the massive globular clusters of the Milky Way, lending support to the hypothesis that NSCs of dwarf galaxies could be the progenitors of these objects. None of our nuclear regions contain the light element abundance spreads that characterize globular clusters, even when a large age spread is present. Our results demonstrate that extended star formation history within clusters, with metal pollution provided solely by supernova ejecta, is capable of replicating the metallicity spreads of massive globular clusters, but still requires another polluter to produce the light element variations.
Two-stage Electron Acceleration by 3D Collisionless Guide-field Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Muñoz P. A. , Büchner J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We report a newly found two-stage mechanism of electron acceleration near X-lines of 3D collisionless guide-field magnetic reconnection in the nonrelativistic regime typical, e.g., for stellar coronae. We found that after electrons are first pre-accelerated during the linear growth of reconnection, they become additionally accelerated in the course of the nonlinear stage of 3D guide-field magnetic reconnection. This additional acceleration is due to the filamentation of electric and magnetic fields caused by streaming instabilities. In addition to enhanced parallel electric fields, the filamentation leads to additional curvature-driven electron acceleration in the guide-field direction. As a result, part of the accelerated electron spectra becomes a power law with a spectral index of ∼−1.6 near the X-line. This second stage of acceleration due to nonlinear reconnection is relevant for the production of energetic electrons in, e.g., thin current sheets of stellar coronae.
Prediction of Supernova Rates in Known Galaxy–Galaxy Strong-lens Systems
Authors: Shu Yiping , Bolton Adam S. , Mao Shude , Kang Xi , Li Guoliang , Soraisam Monika 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We propose a new strategy of finding strongly lensed supernovae (SNe) by monitoring known galaxy-scale strong-lens systems. Strongly lensed SNe are potentially powerful tools for the study of cosmology, galaxy evolution, and stellar populations, but they are extremely rare. By targeting known strongly lensed star-forming galaxies, our strategy significantly boosts the detection efficiency for lensed SNe compared to a blind search. As a reference sample, we compile the 128 galaxy–galaxy strong-lens systems from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey (SLACS), the SLACS for the Masses Survey, and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Emission-Line Lens Survey. Within this sample, we estimate the rates of strongly lensed Type Ia SN (SNIa) and core-collapse SN (CCSN) to be 1.23 ± 0.12 and 10.4 ± 1.1 events per year, respectively. The lensed SN images are expected to be widely separated with a median separation of 2 arcsec. Assuming a conservative fiducial lensing magnification factor of 5 for the most highly magnified SN image, we forecast that a monitoring program with a single-visit depth of 24.7 mag (5σ point source, r band) and a cadence of 5 days can detect 0.49 strongly lensed SNIa event and 2.1 strongly lensed CCSN events per year within this sample. Our proposed targeted-search strategy is particularly useful for prompt and efficient identifications and follow-up observations of strongly lensed SN candidates. It also allows telescopes with small fields of view and limited time to efficiently discover strongly lensed SNe with a pencil-beam scanning strategy.
Réhabiliter une cimenterie en zone de conflits armés ?
Authors: Bougon Bernard 
Published: September 2018

Fin des années 1990, EGU, une société industrielle française, spécialisée dans les transmissions mécaniques, répond à un appel d’offres pour la réhabilitation d’une cimenterie située dans le Sud algérien. Pour EGU, c’est l’occasion de pénétrer sur un marché qui est à la fois dans son cœur de métier et dont elle est absente. Très vite, une question grave se pose : cette cimenterie est située dans une zone contrôlée par des factions en lutte armée contre le gouvernement algérien. Que faire, se demandent les dirigeants ? Ce cas présente EGU et comment ses dirigeants ont traité la question. Jusqu’au dénouement. En cours de présentation, les participants au colloque ont été invités à se mettre à la place des dirigeants pour donner leurs propres réponses à la question posée.
Intégrer le droit international aux relations interétatiques : les juristes belges à Versailles en 1919
Authors: Genin Vincent 
Published: September 2018

Cet article traite du rôle joué par les juristes belges lors de la Conférence de la Paix de Versailles de 1919, marquant l’entrée du droit international moderne dans sa phase active. Petit pays ayant abrogé sa neutralité, reconnu pour son expansion économique, la Belgique « martyre » d’août 1914 mobilise les arguments de l’expertise juridique afin d’aborder une grande négociation internationale où, à sa surprise, ses revendications seront peu entendues. Cette étude tend à cerner le poids relatif des juristes belges dans le processus décisionnel de Versailles mais aussi ce qu’ils expriment d’un pays en perte d’influence et à un tournant de sa manière d’être au monde.
Promouvoir l’ouverture commerciale et le progrès social : les normes de travail équitables dans la Charte de La Havane (1948)
Authors: Zini Sylvain 
Published: September 2018

L’objet de cet article est de mieux comprendre les fondements de l’inclusion de l’article 7 consacré aux normes équitables de travail dans la charte de La Havane qui devait instituer l’Organisation internationale du commerce (OIC). Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les principaux architectes du nouvel ordre international accordaient une importance majeure au progrès social. Dans cet esprit, et à la suite de la proposition de la délégation cubaine, les pays développés comme les nations en développement ont coopéré pour créer un mécanisme obligeant tout membre de l’OIC à faire respecter des normes de travail équitables, de manière à créer les conditions propices à un accroissement harmonieux des échanges internationaux. Malheureusement, cette première forme de clause sociale n’a pas survécu à la disparition prématurée de l’OIC.
À l’origine de la francophonie institutionnelle. La création de l’Association internationale des maires francophones
Authors: Dumazert Laura 
Published: September 2018

La création le 1 er mai 1979, dans un contexte marqué par les échecs successifs de projets intergouvernementaux d’organisation d’un Sommet francophone, de l’Association internationale des maires francophones (AIMF) constitue un événement sans précédent dans l’histoire de la francophonie. À contre-courant d’une historiographique classique jusque-là restreinte aux politiques francophones intergouvernementales, cet article propose d’étudier le tournant que constitue l’apparition de ce nouvel acteur sur la scène internationale. Il s’intéresse à cet effet au contexte propice au développement d’une politique intercommunale avant d’analyser les ambitions diplomatiques de cette association et, enfin, sa reconnaissance progressive par la Francophonie institutionnelle.
Persistent tracers of historic ice flow in glacial stratigraphy near Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica
Authors: Holschuh Nicholas , Christianson Knut , Conway Howard , Jacobel Robert W. , Welch Brian C. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Variations in properties controlling ice flow (e.g., topography, accumulation
rate, basal friction) are recorded by structures in glacial stratigraphy.
When anomalies that disturb the stratigraphy are fixed in space, the
structures they produce advect away from the source and can be used to trace
flow pathways and reconstruct ice-flow patterns of the past. Here we provide
an example of one of these persistent tracers: a prominent unconformity in
the glacial layering that originates at Mt. Resnik, part of a subglacial
volcanic complex near Kamb Ice Stream in central West Antarctica. The
unconformity records a change in the regional thinning behavior seemingly
coincident (∼3440±117 a) with stabilization of grounding-line
retreat in the Ross Sea Embayment. We argue that this feature records both
the flow and thinning history far upstream of the Ross Sea grounding line,
indicating a limited influence of observed ice-stream stagnation cycles on
large-scale ice-sheet routing over the last ∼ 5700 years.
Overview of pharmacogenomic testing in clinical practice
Authors: Gross Tonya , Daniel Jeremy 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Pharmacogenomic tests relevant to neuropsychiatric medications have been clinically available for more than a decade, but the utility of regular testing is still unknown. Tests available include both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic targets. The potential practice benefits vary with each target.

Methods:
A 10-year literature review was completed utilizing the PubMed database to identify articles relating to the specific pharmacogenomic targets discussed. Further article selection was based on author review for clinical utility.

Results:
The clinical dosing guidance available for neuropsychiatric medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants with varying genotypes is useful and has strong evidence to support testing, but it is limited to mainly pharmacokinetic application. Pharmacodynamic targets are gaining additional evidence with increased research, and although the mechanisms behind the potential interactions are scientifically sound, the bridge to clinical practice application is still lacking.

Discussion:
Although the benefits of decreasing adverse reactions and improving response time are appealing, clinicians may not utilize pharmacogenomic testing in routine practice due to several barriers. Further clinical guidance and studies are needed to support testing for other neuropsychiatric medications and targets.
Oxidation of the plastoquinone pool in chloroplast thylakoid membranes by superoxide anion radicals
Authors: Borisova‐Mubarakshina Maria M. , Naydov Ilya A. , Ivanov Boris N. 
Published: September 2018

The plastoquinone (PQ)‐pool in chloroplast thylakoid membranes is a key electron carrier in the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC), and its redox state plays an essential role in the control of plant metabolism. Oxygen reduction in thylakoid membranes produces superoxide anion radicals ( ), which may react with the PQ‐pool. Here, using isolated thylakoids, we show for the first time the oxidation of the PQ‐pool by . The xanthine‐xanthine oxidase system was used to supply externally to the thylakoid membrane and the redox state of the PQ‐pool was monitored by tracking chlorophyll a fluorescence. We propose that, in vivo, the reaction of produced in Photosystem I with reduced PQ (plastohydroquinone) creates hydrogen peroxide, which serves as a messenger that signals the redox state of the PETC.
Weaving Sensing Fibers into Electrochemical Fabric for Real‐Time Health Monitoring
Authors: Wang Lie , Wang Liyuan , Zhang Ye , Pan Jian , Li Shangyu , Sun Xuemei , Zhang Bo , Peng Huisheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWearable sensing technologies have received considerable interests due to the promising use for real‐time monitoring of health conditions. The sensing part is typically made into a thin film that guarantees high flexibility with different sensing materials as functional units at different locations. However, a thin‐film sensor easily breaks during use because it cannot adapt to the soft or irregular body surfaces, and, moreover, it is not breathable or comfortable for the wearable application. Herein, a new and general strategy of making electrochemical fabric from sensing fiber units is reported. These units efficiently detect a variety of physiological signals such as glucose, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and pH. The electrochemical fabric is highly flexible and maintains structural integrity and detection ability under repeated deformations, including bending and twisting. They demonstrate the capacity to monitor health conditions of human body in real time with high efficacy.
Adaptive Polymersome and Micelle Morphologies in Anticancer Nanomedicine: From Design Rationale to Fabrication and Proof‐of‐Concept Studies
Authors: Pijpers Imke A. B. , Abdelmohsen Loai K. E. A. , Xia Yifeng , Cao Shoupeng , Williams David S. , Meng Fenghua , van Hest Jan C. M. , Zhong Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntrigued and inspired by the intricacy of natural architectures which display various morphologies, researchers seek to develop artificial counterparts in order to replicate, and thereby harness, their function for diverse applications. In particular, well‐defined nanoparticles with various morphologies are of great interest for biomedical research. The impact of morphologically discrete nanoparticles upon the development of nanomedicine is significant, gaining increasing attention for its potential to provide a new avenue for the development of future therapeutic technologies. This progress report discusses adaptive morphologies based on block copolymers as platforms for therapeutic and smart drug delivery applications, including design rationale and controlling the morphology of polymeric nanoparticles. The proof‐of‐concept studies on influence of shapes of nanoparticles on their anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo are addressed.
Functional MRI on executive functioning in aging and dementia: A scoping review of cognitive tasks
Authors: McDonald Andrew P. , D'Arcy Ryan C. N. , Song Xiaowei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCognitive decline with aging and dementia is especially poignant with regard to the executive functioning that is necessary for activities of daily independent living. The relationship between age‐related neurodegeneration in the prefrontal cortex and executive functioning has been uniquely investigated using task‐phase functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect brain activity in response to stimuli; however, a comprehensive list of task designs that have been implemented to task‐phase fMRI is absent in the literature. The purpose of this review was to recognize what methods have been used to study executive functions with aging and dementia in fMRI tasks, and to describe and categorize them. The following cognitive subdomains were emphasized: cognitive flexibility, planning and decision‐making, working memory, cognitive control/inhibition, semantic processing, attention and concentration, emotional functioning, and multitasking. Over 30 different task‐phase fMRI designs were found to have been implemented in the literature, all adopted from standard neuropsychological assessments. Cognitive set‐shifting and decision‐making tasks were particularly well studied in regard to age‐related neurodegeneration, while emotional functioning and multitasking designs were found to be the least utilized. Summarizing the information on which tasks have shown the greatest usability will assist in the future design and implementation of effective fMRI experiments targeting executive functioning.
Recent Advances in the Creation of Asymmetric Carbon Centre(s) by Generation of Carbon‐Heteroatom Bond(s) Using Metal‐Pybox Complexes
Authors: Rohit K. R. , Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil M. , Saranya Salim , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAsymmetric synthesis is pivotal in modern‐day organic synthesis in which metal‐catalyzed protocols with compatible ligands play a key role. Many metal‐chiral ligand combinations have been extensively reported in which “pybox” as the chiral ligand has occupied an indisputable place owing to its widespread use. This review focuses on the reactions of various metal‐pybox combinations for the creation of asymmetric carbon centres by carbon‐heteroatom bond manipulations. For brevity and simplicity, these reactions are classified based on the metal used and the literature from 2006–2018 is covered.
Cleaning protocol of archaeological dental calculus: A methodological proposal for vegetable microremains analysis
Authors: Tavarone Aldana , de los Milagros Colobig María , Passeggi Esteban , Fabra Mariana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesOne of the major drawbacks involves the contamination produced during the sampling of dental calculus samples due to their manipulation with non‐sterilized latex gloves containing maize starch. These gloves have been commonly used for the sampling, cleaning and conservation of archaeological materials. The objective of the present work is to propose a protocol for the cleaning of dental calculus samples that have been contaminated, allowing the removal of such material from the calculus surface. The application of this protocol guarantees the exogenous elements elimination without causing the loss of the archaeological material, since as it is a nondestructive and/or invasive cleaning method, it remains contained within the dental calculus which protects and guarantees its preservation.Materials and methodsFifty‐seven fragments of dental calculus were recovered from several archaeological sites in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, dated by AMS between 4058 and 387 14C years BP. A sample comprising 22 fragments larger than 2 mm, which represent 38.59% of the total, were subjected to four cleaning stages through distilled and centrifugal water. As a control test, 10 fragments of human dental tartar were taken, known to have not been previously handled with powdered latex gloves.Results and discussionThe results show significant differences between the four cleaning stages, representing an important reduction of modern starch grains adhered to the surface of archaeological samples of human dental calculus.
Effects of double‐dose intranasal corticosteroid for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khattiyawittayakun Likhit , Seresirikachorn Kachorn , Chitsuthipakorn Wirach , Kanjanawasee Dichapong , Snidvongs Kornkiat 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundWhen a standard dose of intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) fails to control symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR), a double dose of INCS is optional. This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of double‐dose INCS.MethodsLiterature searches were performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE. Randomized controlled trials that studied the effects of double‐dose INCS vs standard‐dose INCS for treating patients with AR were included. Data from the included studies were extracted and collected for meta‐analyses. The outcomes were nasal symptoms, ocular symptoms, and adverse events.ResultsTwelve studies (4166 patients) met the inclusion criteria. There were 5 pediatric studies (1868 patients), 5 adult studies (1414 patients), and 2 studies with mixed populations (884 patients). The meta‐analysis results in adult patients favored the effects of double‐dose INCS on: total nasal symptom score (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.41 to −0.08; 4 studies; 568 patients) and total ocular symptom score (SMD −0.27; 95% CI, −0.52 to −0.03; 1 study; 259 patients). The meta‐analysis results in pediatric patients did not show the difference between groups on total nasal symptom score (SMD −0.16; 95% CI, −0.40 to 0.07; 3 studies; 801 patients). The meta‐analysis of ocular symptom score in pediatric patients had insufficient data. There were no differences between groups on adverse events.ConclusionDouble‐dose INCS showed better improvement in nasal and ocular symptoms in adult patients with AR when compared to the standard dose. These beneficial effects were not seen in the pediatric population. Adverse events between groups were not different.