bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premedication for Iodinated Contrast Media Induced Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Schrijvers Rik , Demoly Pascal , Chiriac Anca Mirela 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose of the review
Premedication using antihistamines and/or corticosteroids has been widely used to prevent reoccurrence of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (iHR) after iodinated contrast media (ICM). However, efficacy has been debated, especially in high-risk patients. Novel findings on the role and risks of premedication and preventive strategies are summarized.

Recent findings
The rate and severity of iHR occurring despite premedication indicate that premedication is not a panacea and the intensity usually reflects that of the initial reaction. Next, the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one serious ICM-mediated event using corticosteroid-based premedication is high and associated with a diagnostic delay. Randomly changing the ICM has been suggested as an additional preventive measure, whilst others used a skin test–based approach to identify a subgroup of ICM allergic patients and negative skin test–based alternatives with a high negative predictive value.

Summary
Growing evidence indicates the need to discriminate between non-allergic iHR that are most likely non-obligatory and susceptible to premedication, and rare type I allergic iHR that can be identified using skin testing, especially in those with a severe iHR. Although premedication reduces reoccurrence of mild iHR, it is not always efficacious and should be balanced against side effects, a high NNT and an uncertain efficacy physicians should not blindly rely on. Future work should evaluate combined approaches of an allergy-driven ICM selection and endotype-driven premedication regimens in patients with non-allergic iHR.
The effects of high strain-rate and in-plane restraint on quasi-statically loaded laminated glass: a theoretical study with applications to blast enhancement
Authors: Angelides Socrates C. , Talbot James P. , Overend Mauro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLaminated glass panels are increasingly used to improve the blast resilience of glazed facades, as part of efforts to mitigate the threat posed to buildings and their occupants by terrorist attacks. The blast response of these ductile panels is still only partially understood, with an evident knowledge gap between fundamental behaviour at the material level and observations from full-scale blast tests. To enhance our understanding, and help bridge this gap, this paper adopts a ‘first principles’ approach to investigate the effects of high strain-rate, associated with blast loading, and the in-plane restraint offered by blast-resistant frames. These are studied by developing simplified analytical beam models, for all stages of deformation, that account for the enhanced properties of both the glass and the interlayer at high strain-rates. The increased shear modulus of the interlayer results in a composite bending response of the un-fractured laminated glass. This also enhances the residual post-fracture bending moment capacity, arising from the combined action of the glass fragments in compression and the interlayer in tension, which is considered negligible under low strain-rates. The post-fracture resistance is significantly improved by the introduction of in-plane restraint, due to the membrane action associated with panel stretching under large deflections. This is demonstrated by developing a yield condition that accounts for the relative contributions of bending and membrane action, and applying the upper bound theorem of plasticity, assuming a tearing failure of the interlayer. Future work aims to complete the theoretical framework by including the assessment of plate-action and inertia effects.
Meridionally Extending Anomalous Wave Train over Asia During Breaks in the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Umakanth Uppara , Vellore Ramesh K. , Krishnan R. , Choudhury Ayantika Dey , Bisht Jagat S. H. , Di Capua Giorgia , Coumou Dim , Donner Reik V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnomalous interactions between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) circulation and subtropical westerlies are known to trigger breaks in the ISM on subseasonal time-scales, characterised by a pattern of suppressed rainfall over central-north India, and enhanced rainfall over the foothills of the central–eastern Himalayas (CEH). An intriguing feature during ISM breaks is the formation of a mid-tropospheric cyclonic circulation anomaly extending over the subtropical and mid-latitude areas of the Asian continent. This study investigates the mechanism of the aforesaid Asian continental mid-tropospheric cyclonic circulation (ACMCC) anomaly using observations and simplified model experiments. The results of our study indicate that the ACMCC during ISM breaks is part of a larger meridional wave train comprising of alternating anticyclonic and cyclonic anomalies that extend poleward from the monsoon region to the Arctic. A lead–lag analysis of mid-tropospheric circulation anomalies suggests that the meridional wave-train generation is linked to latent heating (LH) anomalies over the CEH foothills, Indo-China, and the Indian landmass during ISM breaks. By conducting sensitivity experiments using a simplified global atmospheric general circulation model forced with satellite-derived three-dimensional LH, it is demonstrated that the combined effects of the enhanced LH over the CEH foothills and Indo-China and decreased LH over the Indian landmass during ISM breaks are pivotal for generating the poleward extending meridional wave train and the ACMCC anomaly. At the same time, the spatial extent of the mid-latitude cyclonic anomaly over Far-East Asia is also influenced by the anomalous LH over central–eastern China. While the present findings provide interesting insights into the role of LH anomalies during ISM breaks on the poleward extending meridional wave train, the ACMCC anomaly is found to have important ramifications on the daily rainfall extremes over the Indo-China region. It is revealed from the present analysis that the frequency of extreme rainfall occurrences over Indo-China shows a twofold increase during ISM break periods as compared to active ISM conditions.
Real-time social reasoning: the effect of disfluency on the meaning of some
Authors: Loy Jia E. , Rohde Hannah , Corley Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe scalar quantifiersomeis locally ambiguous between pragmatic (some-but-not-all) and literal (some-and-possibly-all) meanings. Although comprehenders typically favour an eventual pragmatic interpretation, debate persists regarding what factors influence interpretation, the time course of comprehension, and whether literal meaning takes precedence. We investigate how the interpretation ofsomedepends on social reasoning derived from a speaker’s manner of delivery. Specifically, we test the effect of disfluency on the derivation of meaning in a context where hesitation may signal speaker embarrassment due to potential face-loss associated with the literal meaning of “some”. Participants$$(n=24)$$(n=24)viewed displays comprising two different snack quantities while hearing a recorded utterance describing how much a speaker had eaten. Critical utterances$$(n=16)$$(n=16)contained the quantifiersome, half with a filled pause disfluency (“I ate <uh>, some oreos”). Participants’ eye and mouse movements showed (via empirical logit regressions) that fluent utterances yielded a bias toward a pragmatic interpretation, while disfluency attenuated this bias in favour of the literal meaning (where the speaker ate all the oreos). Crucially, this difference emerged rapidly post-onset ofsome. Taken together, our findings do not support a literal-first account of scalar comprehension, but rather, suggest thatsomeis interpreted rapidly in a context-dependent manner.
Correlates of current rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: Results from the Italian multicentric RENDiBi study
Authors: Buoli Massimiliano , Cesana Bruno Mario , Maina Giuseppe , Conca Andreas , Fagiolini Andrea , Steardo Luca , Altamura A. Carlo , Dell’Osso Bernardo ,   on behalf of the ISBD Italian Chapter Epidemiologic Group
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground:we aimed to compare socio-demographic and clinical differences between patients with versus without current RC in order to detect clinical factors that may favor early diagnosis and personalized treatment.Methods:A total of 1675 patients (males: n = 714 and females: n = 961; bipolar 1: n = 1042 and bipolar 2: n = 633) from different psychiatric clinics were grouped and compared according to the current presence of RC in terms of socio-demographic and clinical variables. Chi-squared tests for qualitative variables and Student’sttests for quantitative variables were executed for group comparison, and multivariable logistic regressions were performed, considering the current presence of RC as dependent variable, and socio-demographic/clinical factors as independent variables.Results:Female gender (male versus female: OR = 0.64, p = 0.04), unidentifiable prevalent polarity (versus depressive polarity: OR = 1.76, p = 0.02; versus manic polarity: OR: 2.86, p < 0.01) and hospitalization in the last year (no versus yes: OR = 0.63, p = 0.02) were found to be associated with RC in the final multivariable regression analysis.Conclusions:RC in BD seems to be more prevalent in female gender and associated with some unfavorable clinical features, such as an increased risk of hospitalization. These aspects should be taken into account in the management and monitoring of RC versus non-RC patients.
Trajectories and determinants of functional limitations in late-life depression: A 2-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Wassink-Vossen Sanne , Collard Rose M. , Wardenaar Klaas J. , Verhaak Peter F.M. , Rhebergen Didi , Naarding Paul , Voshaar Richard C. Oude 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground:In mental health research, functional recovery is increasingly valued as an important outcome in addition to symptomatic remission.Methods:Course types of functional limitations among depressed older patients and its relation with symptomatic remission were explored in a naturalistic cohort study (Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons). 378 depressed older patients (≥60 years) and 132 non-depressed persons were included. Depressive disorders were assessed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview at baseline and two-year follow-up. Functional limitations were assessed every 6 months with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment II.Results:Depressed patients had more functional limitations compared to their non-depressed counterparts. Growth Mixture Modeling among depressed patients identified two trajectories of functional limitations, both starting at a high disability level. The largest subgroup (81.2%) was characterized by a course of high disability levels over time. The smaller subgroup (18.8%) had an improving course (functional recovery). After two years, the main predictor of functional recovery was the remission of depression. Among symptomatic remitted patients, female sex, higher level of education, higher gait speed, and less severe depression were associated with no functional recovery. Non-remitted patients without functional recovery were characterized by the presence of more chronic somatic diseases, a lower sense of mastery, and a higher level of anxiety.Conclusions:1 in 5 depressed older patients have a course with functional recovery. Combining functional and symptomatic recovery points to a subgroup of older patients that might profit from more rigorous psychiatric treatment targeted at psychiatric comorbidity and a group of frail depressed older patients that might profit from integrated geriatric rehabilitation.
Forensic Implications of the New Classification of ICD-11 Paraphilic Disorders in Brazil
Authors: Abdalla-Filho Elias , de Jesus Mari Jair , Diehl Alessandra , Vieira Denise Leite , Ribeiro Rafael Bernardon , Marins de Moraes Talvane , Reed Geoffrey M. , Kismodi Eszter , Cordeiro Quirino 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse appointed a Working Group on Sexual Disorders and Sexual Health in order to revise and propose changes to ICD-10 categories.AimAnalyze ethical and legal implications in Brazil of the proposed ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for paraphilic disorders.MethodsA forensic working group of Brazilian experts in collaboration with representatives of WHO reviewed the proposed modifications to the classification of Disorders of Sexual Preference in ICD-10 (F65), which is recommended to be replaced by Paraphilic Disorders in ICD-11. Proposals were reviewed through a medicolegal lens, using a legal and policy analysis guide put forth by WHO. The premise of this review was to understand that, although the ICD classification is intended to provide a basis for clinical and statistical health interventions, medical diagnostics may also be entangled in the complex legal, normative, and political environment of various countries.Main Outcome MeasureThe most important proposed change to this section is to limit the concept of paraphilic disorders primarily to patterns of sexual arousal involving a focus on others who are unwilling or unable to consent, but this change has not affected the ethical and legal aspects of psychiatric functioning in the Brazil.ResultsBecause Brazilian criminal law is directed toward criminal behavior and not to specific psychiatric diagnoses, the changes proposed for ICD-11 are not expected to create obstacles to health services or to modify criminal sentencing.Clinical ImplicationsAlthough ICD-11 has a number of changes in its content, there are no significant clinical implications in the Brazilian context, but a better clarity of conceptual definitions and diagnostic criteria.Strengths & LimitationsThe study is conducted with people from different Brazilian states, which is important for a comprehensive view. On the other hand, considering that it is a very heterogeneous country, there is the limitation that an even wider scope of the study is not possible.ConclusionIn the Brazilian context, the new guidelines for paraphilic disorders contribute to clinical utility and are not expected to create difficulties related to the legal, social, and economic consequences of sexual offenses in the country.
Safety of a New Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate Auto-Injector: Results of a 26-Week Study
Authors: Gittelman Marc , Jaffe Jonathan S. , Kaminetsky Jed C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients with testosterone deficiency (TD) can be treated with exogenous testosterone (T) to achieve and maintain physiologic T levels and prevent negative clinical symptoms; with many testosterone replacement therapies currently available, this registration safety study was conducted to further characterize the clinical profile of chronically administered, concentration-guided subcutaneous testosterone enanthate (TE) dosing.AimThe purpose of this study was to confirm the safety and characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of the subcutaneous TE auto-injector (SCTE-AI) in adult men with TD.MethodsIn this phase III, 26-week study, 133 men 18−75 years of age with symptomatic TD self-administered SCTE-AI 75 mg once weekly for 6 weeks from July 2015 to June 2016. Dosing was adjusted when indicated to 50 mg or 100 mg to maintain T trough levels between 350 and 650 ng/dL (12.1−22.5 nmol/L). PK data were collected from a subgroup of patients receiving 75 mg SCTE-AI through week 12. Safety, including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), lipid levels, and adverse drug reactions, and PK were assessed.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcomes were the documentation of the reproducibility of trough concentration-guided exposure to SCTE, 6-month safety profile, and PK data for the 75 mg dose SCTE.ResultsIn total, 34 patients (25.6%) experienced adverse drug reactions; the most frequently reported were increased hematocrit (≥52%) in 10 patients (7.5%), injection-site hemorrhage in 6 patients (4.5%), injection-site bruising in 4 patients (3.0%), and increased prostate-specific antigen in 4 patients (3.0%). By week 26, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) measured in the clinic increased by 3.4 mmHg (125.6−129.0 mmHg) and 1.8 mmHg (78.2−80.0 mmHg), respectively, from baseline. At week 12, ABPM showed 24-hour mean systolic and diastolic BP increases of 3.7 mmHg and 1.3 mmHg, respectively. All measured lipid fractions were below baseline levels at week 26. T, TE, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol increased from weeks 1−12. T trough levels ranged from 300−650 ng/dL (10.4−22.5 nmol/L) in 82.4% and 83.2% of patients at weeks 12 and 26, respectively. Of the 965 assessed injections, mild pain was reported by 1 patient.Clinical ImplicationsDosing with SCTE is well-tolerated overall, yet associated with a numerically small mean systolic BP increase.Strengths & ImplicationsThis study used a standardized ABPM protocol, confirming a numerically small systolic BP increase may be associated with reintroducing therapeutic T exposure in hypogonadal men. It is unknown at this time whether this applies with all routes of T supplementation.ConclusionSCTE-AI has a favorable safety profile and is well-tolerated, with a stable PK profile.Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02504541.
“Fulfilling His Needs, Not Mine”: Reasons for Not Talking About Painful Sex and Associations with Lack of Pleasure in a Nationally Representative Sample of Women in the United States
Authors: Carter Allison , Ford Jessie V. , Luetke Maya , Fu Tsung-chieh (Jane) , Townes Ashley , Hensel Devon J. , Dodge Brian , Herbenick Debby 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Although much research has examined correlates of pain during sex, far less research has examined why women have sex despite having pain and why they avoid telling their partner.

Aim
The purpose of our study was to examine women’s reports of painful sex, including location of pain, whether they told their partner, factors associated with not disclosing their pain, and their reasons for not disclosing.

Methods
We used data from the 2018 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, a probability-based online survey of 2,007 individuals ages 14 to 49 years. We limited our sample to adult women who reported a sexual experience that was painful in the past year (n = 382; 23.2%). The primary outcome in quantitative analyses was whether women told their partner they experienced pain during sex. Associations with social identities and sexual health were explored via logistic regression. Those who did not tell their partner about painful sex were asked why; their accounts were coded and analyzed qualitatively.

Main Outcome Measure
Women were asked, “To what extent was this sexual experience physically painful for you?” Those who reported any pain were asked, “Did you tell your partner that you were in pain during sex?” and, if applicable, “Why didn’t you tell your partner that you were in pain during sex?”

Results
Of those reporting pain during sex, most said it was “a little painful” (81.6%) and occurred at the vaginal entrance (31.5%), inside the vagina (34.4%), or at or around the cervix (17.4%). Overall, 51.0% (n = 193/382) told their partner about their pain. Adjusting for age and wantedness, women who reported little or no event-level sexual pleasure had nearly 3-fold greater odds of not telling a partner about painful sex (adjusted odds ratio = 3.24; 95% CI, 1.43–7.37). Normalizing painful sex, considering pain to be inconsequential, prioritizing the partner’s enjoyment, and gendered interactional pressures were the predominant themes in women’s narratives.

Clinical Implications
Providers should ask about painful sex, if the woman continues intercourse despite pain, and how she feels about this as a means of assessing any sexual and social pressures.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths include the use of social theory in nationally representative survey research to examine how contextual factors influence sexual health, but experiences were largely limited to heterosexual interactions.

Conclusion
Many women do not discuss painful sex with their partners, lack of pleasure is significantly more likely among this group, and gender norms and cultural scripts are critical to understanding why.
Eigenvectors, Circulation, and Linear Instabilities for Planetary Science in 3 Dimensions (ECLIPS3D)
Authors: Debras F. , Mayne N. , Baraffe I. , Goffrey T. , Thuburn J. 
Published: September 2019

Context. The study of linear waves and instabilities is necessary to understand the physical evolution of an atmosphere, and can provide physical interpretation of the complex flows found in simulations performed using global circulation models (GCMs). In particular, the acceleration of superrotating flow at the equator of hot Jupiters has mostly been studied under several simplifying assumptions, the relaxing of which may impact final results.
Aims. We develop and benchmark a publicly available algorithm to identify the eigenmodes of an atmosphere around any initial steady state. We also solve for linear steady states indicated to be essential in existing theories of the acceleration of hot Jupiter superrotation.
Methods. We linearise the hydrodynamical equations of a planetary atmosphere in a steady state with arbitrary velocities and thermal profile. We then discretise the linearised equations on an appropriate staggered grid, and solve for eigenvectors and linear steady solutions with the use of a parallel library for linear algebra: ScaLAPACK. We also implement a posteriori calculation of an energy equation in order to obtain more information on the underlying physics of the mode.
Results. Our code is tested using classical wave and instability test cases in multiple geometries (2D, 3D, two-layer equivalent depth). The steady linear circulation calculations also reproduce expected results for the atmosphere of hot Jupiters. We finally show the robustness of our energy equation, and its power to obtain physical insight into the modes.
Conclusions. We developed and tested a code for the study of linear processes in planetary atmospheres with an arbitrary steady state. The calculation of an a posteriori energy equation provides both increased robustness and physical meaning to the obtained eigenmodes. This code can be applied to various problems, and notably used to further study the initial spin up of superrotation of GCM simulations of hot Jupiters.
Cooccurrence of Two Different Genetic Diseases: A Case of Valproic Acid Hepatotoxicity in Nicolaides–Baraitser Syndrome (SMARCA2 Mutation)—Due to a POLG1-Related Effect?
Authors: Hofmeister Benedikt , von Stülpnagel Celina , Berweck Steffen , Abicht Angela , Kluger Gerhard , Weber Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNicolaides–Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS) is a rare disease caused by a mutation in the SMARCA2 gene. Clinical features include craniofacial dysmorphia and abnormalities of the limbs, as well as intellectual disorder and often epilepsy. Hepatotoxicity is a rare complication of the therapy with valproic acid (VPA) and a mutation of the polymerase γ (POLG) might lead to a higher sensitivity for liver hepatotoxicity. We present a patient with the coincidence of two rare diseases, the NCBRS and additionally a POLG1 mutation in combination with a liver hepatotoxicity. The co-occurrence in children for two different genetic diseases is discussed with the help of literature review.