bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative care for people living with heart failure: European Association for Palliative Care Task Force expert position statement
Authors: Sobanski Piotr Z , Alt-Epping Bernd , Currow David C , Goodlin Sarah J , Grodzicki Tomasz , Hogg Karen , Janssen Daisy J A , Johnson Miriam J , Krajnik Małgorzata , Leget Carlo , Martínez-Sellés Manuel , Moroni Matteo , Mueller Paul S , Ryder Mary , Simon Steffen T , Stowe Emily , Larkin Philip J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContrary to common perception, modern palliative care (PC) is applicable to all people with an incurable disease, not only cancer. PC is appropriate at every stage of disease progression, when PC needs emerge. These needs can be of physical, emotional, social, or spiritual nature. This document encourages the use of validated assessment tools to recognize such needs and ascertain efficacy of management. PC interventions should be provided alongside cardiologic management. Treating breathlessness is more effective, when cardiologic management is supported by PC interventions. Treating other symptoms like pain or depression requires predominantly PC interventions. Advance Care Planning aims to ensure that the future treatment and care the person receives is concordant with their personal values and goals, even after losing decision-making capacity. It should include also disease specific aspects, such as modification of implantable device activity at the end of life. The Whole Person Care concept describes the inseparability of the physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of the human being. Addressing psychological and spiritual needs, together with medical treatment, maintains personal integrity and promotes emotional healing. Most PC concerns can be addressed by the usual care team, supported by a PC specialist if needed. During dying, the persons’ needs may change dynamically and intensive PC is often required. Following the death of a person, bereavement services benefit loved ones. The authors conclude that the inclusion of PC within the regular clinical framework for people with heart failure results in a substantial improvement in quality of life as well as comfort and dignity whilst dying.
International Commissions of Inquiry: What Difference Do They Make? Taking an Empirical Approach
Authors: Becker Michael A , Nouwen Sarah M H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introducing a symposium on the question of what difference international commissions of inquiry (COIs) make, this article frames the debate methodologically and theoretically. COIs have become a common feature of responses to issues of international concern. While aspects of their work have received substantial scholarly attention, less is known about the concrete, case-specific effects of past COIs. This symposium therefore encourages empirical research into the consequences of COIs, absent or present, intended or not. After discussing some of the common challenges to the empirical research required, this framework article sets forth a non-exhaustive typology of ways in which COIs could end up making a difference, such as inspiring further action or substituting for such action; justifying decision-making, ex ante or ex post; fostering a shared narrative or hardening competing narratives; legitimizing some groups while delegitimizing others; enhancing political dialogue or intensifying division; spurring reform or encouraging more of the same; promoting (international) law or exposing its limitations. This typology is presented as a resource for hypotheses not only for this symposium but also for future empirical research into the differences made (or not) by COIs.
The Story after Immigrants’ Ambitious Educational Choices: Real Improvement or Back to Square One?
Authors: Dollmann Jörg , Weißmann Markus 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
It is a well-established finding in the literature that immigrants make ambitious educational choices. Once controlling for prior achievement and socioeconomic status, children of immigrants are more likely than natives to switch to the more demanding educational tracks. However, less is known about whether immigrants can actually benefit from these optimistic choices in terms of educational attainment or whether they have a higher risk of dropping out from the more demanding tracks. By focusing on a representative sample of adolescents with and without immigrant background in Germany, this contribution investigates how enrolment and completion rates change over time—from the end of lower secondary education until the end of upper secondary education—and how this affects ethnic inequalities in educational outcomes. When comparing academic completion rates and academic enrolment rates in grade 9, we observe long-term improvements within the immigrant group as a result of immigrants’ ambitious choices. When comparing both outcomes between natives and immigrants, however, ethnic differences in academic completion rates remain comparable to the disparities in enrolment rates as observed in grade 9.
A New Site Index Model for Intensively Managed Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Plantations in the West Gulf Coastal Plain
Authors: Trim Kynda R , Coble Dean W , Weng Yuhui , Stovall Jeremy P , Hung I-Kuai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSite index (SI) estimation for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations is important for the successful management of this important commercial tree species in the West Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States. This study evaluated various SI models for intensively managed loblolly plantations in the West Gulf Coastal Plain using data collected from permanent plots installed in intensively managed loblolly pine plantations across east Texas and western Louisiana. Six commonly used SI models (Cieszewski GADA model, both Chapman-Richards ADA and GADA models, both Schumacher ADA and GADA models, and McDill-Amateis GADA model) were fit to the data and compared. The Chapman-Richards GADA model and the McDill-Amateis GADA model were similar and best in their fit statistics. These two models were further compared to the existing models (Diéguez-Aranda et al. 2006 (DA2006), Coble and Lee 2010 (CL2010)) commonly used in the region. Both the Chapman-Richards GADA and the McDill-Amateis GADA models consistently predicted greater heights up to age 25 than the models of DA2006 and CL2010, with larger height differences for the higher quality sites, but predicted shorter heights thereafter. Ultimately, the McDill-Amateis GADA model was chosen as the best model for its consistency in predicting reasonable heights extrapolated beyond the range of the data. Foresters can use this model to make more informed silvicultural prescriptions for intensively managed loblolly pine plantations in the West Gulf Coastal Plain.
Association of body mass index with serum alanine aminotransferase in Chinese adolescents: a school-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Ding Zan , Zhang Jing , Deng Chang-Yu , You Ying-Bin , Zhou Hua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated that high body mass index (BMI) is related to elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) among adults, but little is known about the association regarding adolescents, especially in China. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between BMI and ALT activity among Chinese adolescents.

Methods
A school-based cross-sectional study was performed among nine high schools in Shenzhen, China between February 2017 and June 2018. A generalized linear-regression model adjusting for age and gender was conducted, and bivariate correlation analysis between ALT and BMI was also performed.

Results
A total of 7,271 adolescents aged from 9 years to 17 years were enrolled. Height, weight, BMI, and ALT were higher among boys than among girls (all P &lt; 0.001). The mean (standard deviation) of serum ALT levels was 14.26 (14.77) U/L. In the entire BMI range, the BMI−ALT correlation was stronger for boys (Spearman's r = 0.396, P &lt; 0.001) and adolescents of 14 years−17 years (r = 0.356, P &lt; 0.001) than for girls (r = 0.203, P &lt; 0.001) and adolescents of 9 years−13 years (r = 0.221, P &lt; 0.001), respectively. Serum ALT increased rapidly and followed a linear pattern from the point of BMI ≥20.5 kg/m2, and each increase of 1 kg/m2 in BMI range above 20.5 kg/m2 was averagely correlated with an increase of 2.71 U/L in ALT levels (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
We found a significant BMI−ALT relationship. BMI at 20.5 kg/m2 may be a cut-off for evaluating serum ALT. BMIs ≥27.1 kg/m2 for boys and ≥24.9 kg/m2 for girls were linked to an elevated ALT activity for Shenzhen adolescents.
Adaptation to Extreme Environments in an Admixed Human Population from the Atacama Desert
Authors: Vicuña Lucas , Fernandez Mario I , Vial Cecilia , Valdebenito Patricio , Chaparro Eduardo , Espinoza Karena , Ziegler Annemarie , Bustamante Alberto , Eyheramendy Susana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInorganic arsenic (As) is a toxic xenobiotic and carcinogen associated with severe health conditions. The urban population from the Atacama Desert in northern Chile was exposed to extremely high As levels (up to 600 µg/l) in drinking water between 1958 and 1971, leading to increased incidence of urinary bladder cancer (BC), skin cancer, kidney cancer, and coronary thrombosis decades later. Besides, the Andean Native-American ancestors of the Atacama population were previously exposed for millennia to elevated As levels in water (∼120 µg/l) for at least 5,000 years, suggesting adaptation to this selective pressure. Here, we performed two genome-wide selection tests—PBSn1 and an ancestry-enrichment test—in an admixed population from Atacama, to identify adaptation signatures to As exposure acquired before and after admixture with Europeans, respectively. The top second variant selected by PBSn1 was associated with LCE4A-C1orf68, a gene that may be involved in the immune barrier of the epithelium during BC. We performed association tests between the top PBSn1 hits and BC occurrence in our population. The strongest association (P = 0.012) was achieved by the LCE4A-C1orf68 variant. The ancestry-enrichment test detected highly significant signals (P = 1.3 × 10−9) mapping MAK16, a gene with important roles in ribosome biogenesis during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in adaptation to the pathophysiological consequences of As exposure.
Combined controls of sedimentology and diagenesis on seismic properties in lacustrine and palustrine carbonates (Upper Miocene, Samos Island, Greece)
Authors: Bailly C , Adelinet M , Hamon Y , Fortin J 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYFor the subsurface characterization of carbonates, linking physical properties (e.g. porosity and seismic reflectors) with their geological significance (e.g. sedimentary facies and diagenesis) is of primary importance. To address this issue, we study the lacustrine and palustrine carbonates on Samos Island through a geological and geophysical characterization of a sedimentary succession. The microstructures of the samples are described, and the samples’ physical properties are measured (porosity, P-wave velocity and density). The results show that the identification of only the primary (i.e. sedimentary) microstructure is not sufficient for explaining the huge variations in porosity and P-wave velocity. Hence, we highlight two early diagenetic processes that strongly impact the microstructures and control the physical properties: (i) neomorphism occludes porosity and increases the P-wave velocity of mud- and grain-supported microstructures, which implies a mineralogical stabilization of the grains; (ii) conversely, the dissolution process creates porosity and decreases the P-wave velocity of grain-supported microstructures if the mineralogical composition of the grains is not previously stabilized. These two diagenetic processes thus depend on the primary microstructures and mineralogy of the sediments. This work aims to explain the variations in porosity and P-wave velocity for each defined primary microstructure. A 1-D seismogram is then built to highlight seismic reflectors with a metre-scale resolution. These reflectors are associated with several geological contrasts. Hard kicks (positive amplitude reflectors) match well with exposure surfaces related to palaeosols. They correspond to contrasts between non-modified primary microstructures and highly neomorphosed microstructures. Conversely, soft kicks (negative amplitude reflectors) are linked with diagenetic contrasts (e.g. neomorphosed microstructures versus non-modified primary microstructures) and sedimentary contrasts that can be overprinted by diagenesis (e.g. neomorphosed mud-supported microstructures versus dissolved grain-supported microstructures). This study highlights that high-resolution seismic reflectors of lacustrine and palustrine carbonates are strongly related to the spatial contrasts of primary microstructures overprinted by early diagenesis.
Individualized ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI treatment: it is time to stop using high FSH doses in predicted low responders
Authors: Leijdekkers Jori A , Torrance Helen L , Schouten Nienke E , van Tilborg Theodora C , Oudshoorn Simone C , Mol Ben Willem J , Eijkemans Marinus J C , Broekmans Frank J M 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In IVF/ICSI treatment, the FSH starting dose is often increased in predicted low responders from the belief that it improves the chance of having a baby by maximizing the number of retrieved oocytes. This intervention has been evaluated in several randomized controlled trials, and despite a slight increase in the number of oocytes—on average one to two more oocytes in the high versus standard dose group—no beneficial impact on the probability of a live birth has been demonstrated (risk difference, −0.02; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.06). Still, many clinicians and researchers maintain a highly ingrained belief in ‘the more oocytes, the better’. This is mainly based on cross-sectional studies, where the positive correlation between the number of retrieved oocytes and the probability of a live birth is interpreted as a direct causal relation. If the latter would be present, indeed, maximizing the oocyte number would benefit our patients. The current paper argues that the use of high FSH doses may not actually improve the probability of a live birth for predicted low responders undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment and exemplifies the flaws of directly using cross-sectional data to guide FSH dosing in clinical practice. Also, difficulties in the de-implementation of the increased FSH dosing strategy are discussed, which include the prioritization of intermediate outcomes (such as cycle cancellations) and the potential biases in the interpretation of study findings (such as confirmation or rescue bias).
Diagnostic Approach to Monogenic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Clinical Practice: A Ten-Year Multicentric Experience
Authors: Lega Sara , Pin Alessia , Arrigo Serena , Cifaldi Cristina , Girardelli Martina , Bianco Anna Monica , Malamisura Monica , Angelino Giulia , Faraci Simona , Rea Francesca , Romeo Erminia Francesca , Aloi Marina , Romano Claudio , Barabino Arrigo , Martelossi Stefano , Tommasini Alberto , Di Matteo Gigliola , Cancrini Caterina , De Angelis Paola , Finocchi Andrea , Bramuzzo Matteo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsMultiple monogenic disorders present as very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) or as IBD with severe and atypical features. Establishing a genetic diagnosis may change patients’ management and prognosis. In this study, we describe the diagnostic approach to suspected monogenic IBD in a real clinical setting, discussing genetic and phenotypic findings and therapeutic implications of molecular diagnosis.MethodsInformation of patients with VEO-IBD and early onset IBD with severe/atypical phenotypes (EO-IBD s/a) managed between 2008–2017 who underwent a genetic workup were collected.ResultsNinety-three patients were included, and 12 (13%) reached a genetic diagnosis. Candidate sequencing (CS) was performed in 47 patients (50%), and next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in 84 patients (90%). Candidate sequencing had a good diagnostic performance only when guided by clinical features specific for known monogenic diseases, whereas NGS helped finding new causative genetic variants and would have anticipated one monogenic diagnosis (XIAP) and consequent bone marrow transplant (BMT). Patients with monogenic IBD more frequently were male (92% vs 54%; P = 0.02), had extraintestinal findings (100% vs 34%; P &lt; 0.001), and had disease onset ≤1 month of life (25% vs 1%; P = 0.006). Genetic diagnosis impacted patient management in 11 patients (92%), 7 of whom underwent BMT.ConclusionA genetic diagnosis can be established in a significant proportion of suspected monogenic IBD and has an impact on patients’ management. Candidate sequencing may be deployed when clinical findings orientate toward a specific diagnosis. Next generation sequencing should be preferred in patients with nonspecific phenotypes.
Asymptotics of the eigenmodes and stability of an elastic structure with general feedback matrix
Authors: Shubov Marianna A , Kindrat Laszlo P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The distribution of natural frequencies of the Euler–Bernoulli beam subject to fully non-dissipative boundary conditions is investigated. The beam is clamped at the left end and equipped with a 4-parameter ($\alpha ,\beta ,k_1,k_2$) linear boundary feedback law at the right end. The $2 \times 2$ boundary feedback matrix relates the control input (a vector of velocity and its spatial derivative at the right end), to the output (a vector of shear and moment at the right end). The initial boundary value problem describing the dynamics of the beam has been reduced to the first order in time evolution equation in the state Hilbert space equipped with the energy norm. The dynamics generator has a purely discrete spectrum (the vibrational modes) denoted by $\{\nu _n\}_{n\in \mathbb {Z}^{\prime}}$. The role of the control parameters is examined and the following results have been proven: (i) when $\beta \neq 0$, the set of vibrational modes is asymptotically close to the vertical line on the complex $\nu$-plane given by the equation $\Re \nu = \alpha + (1-k_1k_2)/\beta$; (ii) when $\beta = 0$ and the parameter $K = (1-k_1 k_2)/(k_1+k_2)$ is such that $\left |K\right |\neq 1$ then the following relations are valid: $\Re (\nu _n/n) = O\left (1\right )$ and $\Im (\nu _n/n^2) = O\left (1\right )$ as $\left |n\right |\to \infty$; (iii) when $\beta =0$, $|K| = 1$, and $\alpha = 0$, then the following relations are valid: $\Re (\nu _n/n^2) = O\left (1\right )$ and $\Im (\nu _n/n) = O\left (1\right )$ as $\left |n\right |\to \infty$; (iv) when $\beta =0$, $|K| = 1$, and $\alpha>0$, then the following relations are valid: $\Re (\nu _n/\ln \left |n\right |) = O\left (1\right )$ and $\Im (\nu _n/n^2) = O\left (1\right )$ as $\left |n\right |\to \infty$.
Virtual element method for quasilinear elliptic problems
Authors: Cangiani A , Chatzipantelidis P , Diwan G , Georgoulis E H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A virtual element method for the quasilinear equation $-\textrm{div} ({\boldsymbol \kappa }(u)\operatorname{grad} u)=f$ using general polygonal and polyhedral meshes is presented and analysed. The nonlinear coefficient is evaluated with the piecewise polynomial projection of the virtual element ansatz. Well posedness of the discrete problem and optimal-order a priori error estimates in the $H^1$- and $L^2$-norm are proven. In addition, the convergence of fixed-point iterations for the resulting nonlinear system is established. Numerical tests confirm the optimal convergence properties of the method on general meshes.
Standardized total tract digestible phosphorus requirement of 24- to 130-kg pigs1,2
Authors: Vier Carine M , Dritz Steve S , Wu Fangzhou , Tokach Mike D , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D , Gonçalves Márcio A D , Orlando Uislei A D , Chitakasempornkul Kessinee , Woodworth Jason C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P) requirement for 24- to 130-kg finishing pigs housed under commercial conditions. A total of 1,130 barrows and gilts (PIC 359 × 1050, Hendersonville, TN; initially 24.2 kg) were used, with 26 to 27 pigs per pen with 7 replicates per treatment. Pens of pigs were allotted to treatments in a randomized complete block design with body weight (BW) as the blocking factor. The dietary treatments were fed in 4 phases and were formulated to contain 80%, 90%, 100%, 115%, 130%, and 150% of the National Research Council (NRC) requirement estimate for finishing pigs within each phase. Weight ranges for each phase were: 27 to 49, 49 to 76, 76 to 90, and 90 to 130 kg. Treatments were achieved by increasing the amount of monocalcium phosphate at the expense of corn in the diet with no added phytase. All diets were formulated to contain a similar 1.14:1 to 1.16:1 total Ca:P ratio across treatments in all phases. Increasing STTD P resulted in a quadratic response (P < 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), and final BW. The greatest improvement was observed with STTD P at 130% of NRC for ADG and final BW and at 115% STTD P for G:F. Average daily feed intake increased linearly (linear, P < 0.05) with the inclusion of STTD P. Increasing STTD P resulted in an increase (quadratic, P < 0.05) in hot carcass weight (HCW) and carcass ADG with the greatest response observed with STTD P at 130% of NRC. There was a marginally significant response (quadratic, P < 0.10) in carcass G:F, with the greatest improvement with STTD P at 115% of NRC. Carcass yield decreased (linear, P < 0.05) with increasing STTD P, while there was a marginally significant (linear, P < 0.10) decrease in backfat and increase in fat-free lean. At the end of the study, a metacarpal was collected and analyzed for bone ash. Increasing STTD P resulted in an increase (linear, P < 0.05) in bone ash weight and percentage ash. For ADG and G:F, the quadratic model demonstrated the best fit. The maximum response in ADG and G:F was estimated at 122% and 116% of NRC STTD P, respectively. The broken-line linear model best fit the data for percentage bone ash, with a plateau achieved at 131% of the NRC STTD P. In conclusion, the estimated STTD P requirement of 24 to 130 kg ranged from 116% to 131% of the NRC publication (2012) requirement estimate.