bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do‐Not‐Resuscitate Orders in Older Adults During Hospitalization: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Authors: Patel Karishma , Sinvani Liron , Patel Vidhi , Kozikowski Andrzej , Smilios Christopher , Akerman Meredith , Kiszko Kinga , Maiti Sutapa , Hajizadeh Negin , Wolf‐Klein Gisele , Pekmezaris Renee 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo explore the effect of the presence and timing of a do‐not‐resuscitate (DNR) order on short‐term clinical outcomes, including mortality.DesignRetrospective cohort study with propensity score matching to enable direct comparison of DNR and no‐DNR groups.SettingLarge, academic tertiary‐care center.ParticipantsHospitalized medical patients aged 65 and older.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included discharge disposition, length of stay, 30‐day readmission, restraints, bladder catheters, and bedrest order.ResultsBefore propensity score matching, the DNR group (n=1,347) was significantly older (85.8 vs 79.6, p<.001) and had more comorbidities (3.0 vs 2.5, p<.001) than the no‐DNR group (n=9,182). After propensity score matching, the DNR group had significantly longer stays (9.7 vs 6.0 days, p<.001), were more likely to be discharged to hospice (6.5% vs 0.7%, p<.001), and to die (12.2% vs 0.8%, p<.001). There was a significant difference in length of stay between those who had a DNR order written within 24 hours of admission (early DNR) and those who had a DNR order written more than 24 hours after admission (late DNR) (median 6 vs 10 days, p<.001). Individuals with early DNR were less likely to spend time in intensive care (10.6% vs 17.3%, p=.004), receive a palliative care consultation (8.2% vs 12.0%, p=.02), be restrained (5.8% vs 11.6%, p<.001), have an order for nothing by mouth (50.1% vs 56.0%, p=.03), have a bladder catheter (31.7% vs 40.9%, p<.001), or die in the hospital (10.2% vs 15.47%, p=.004) and more likely to be discharged home (65.5% vs 58.2%, p=.01).ConclusionOur study underscores the strong association between presence of a DNR order and mortality. Further studies are necessary to better understand the presence and timing of DNR orders in hospitalized older adults.
Evaluation of the Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center Hospital‐in‐Home Program
Authors: Cai Shubing , Grubbs Andrew , Makineni Rajesh , Kinosian Bruce , Phibbs Ciaran S. , Intrator Orna 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo examine hospital readmissions, costs, mortality, and nursing home admissions of veterans who received Hospital‐in‐Home (HIH) services.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingCincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC).ParticipantsStudy cohort included veterans who received HIH services as an alternative to inpatient care between October 1, 2012, and November 30, 2015, and non‐HIH veterans who were hospitalized for similar conditions in the Cincinnati VAMC during the same period. We identified 138 veterans who used HIH services and 694 non‐HIH veterans.InterventionHIH veterans received hospital‐equivalent care at home. Non‐HIH veterans received traditional inpatient services in the Cincinnati VAMC.MeasurementsTotal costs of care for treating an acute episode (HIH services vs inpatient) and likelihood of hospital readmission, death, or nursing home admission within 30 days of discharge from HIH services or hospitalization.ResultsAverage per person costs were $7,792 for HIH services and $10,960 for traditional inpatient care (P<0.001). HIH veterans were less likely to use a nursing home within 30 days of discharge (3.1%) than non‐HIH veterans (12.6%) (P<0.001). Thirty‐day readmission rates and mortality were not statistically different between HIH and non‐HIH veterans.ConclusionThe substitutive HIH model implemented in the Cincinnati VAMC delivered acute services in veterans' homes at lower cost and with lower likelihood of postdischarge nursing home use. Broader implementation of this innovative delivery model may benefit older adults in need of care while reducing healthcare system costs.
Delivery of therapeutics for deep-seated ocular conditions – status quo
Authors: Nguyen Hubert , Eng Shawn , Ngo Thanh , Dass Crispin R 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives
There is a need for research into designing effective pharmaceutical systems for delivering therapeutic drugs to the posterior of the eye for glaucoma-related pathology, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, macular oedema, retinitis and choroiditis. Conventionally, eye drops have been extensively utilised for topical drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye, but are less effective for delivery of therapeutics to the back of the eye due to significant barriers hampering drug penetration into the target intraocular tissue. This review explores some of the current and novel delivery systems employed to deliver therapeutics to the back of the eye such as those using liposomes, ocular implants, in situ gels, and nanoparticles, and how they can overcome some of these limitations.

Key findings
Issues such as blinking, precorneal fluid drainage, tear dilution and turnover, conjunctiva and nasal drug absorption, the corneal epithelium, vitreous drug clearance, and the blood–ocular barriers are reviewed and discussed.

Summary
Further studies are needed to address their shortcomings such as drug compatibility and stability, economic viability and patient compliance.
Being and Love: Schleiermacher, Aquinas and Augustine
Authors: Soskice Janet Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article makes the case for speaking not of divine “attributes” but of divine “names.” There are good scriptural grounds for advancing the thesis that love is not just another divine name, but the name which designates God's very nature, i.e. who God is. Schleiermacher made that case. This essay argues that “Love,” as a divine name, should be paired with “being” (which is also, for theologians like Augustine and Aquinas, a “biblical” name), since God does not “have” love or being, but is love and is “being itself.”
Unravelling the Predictive Power of Telematics Data in Car Insurance Pricing
Authors: Verbelen Roel , Antonio Katrien , Claeskens Gerda 
Published: April 2018

SummaryA data set from a Belgian telematics product aimed at young drivers is used to identify how car insurance premiums can be designed based on the telematics data collected by a black box installed in the vehicle. In traditional pricing models for car insurance, the premium depends on self-reported rating variables (e.g. age and postal code) which capture characteristics of the policy(holder) and the insured vehicle and are often only indirectly related to the accident risk. Using telematics technology enables tailor-made car insurance pricing based on the driving behaviour of the policyholder. We develop a statistical modelling approach using generalized additive models and compositional predictors to quantify and interpret the effect of telematics variables on the expected claim frequency. We find that such variables increase the predictive power and render the use of gender as a rating variable redundant.
It's not Economic Interventionism, Stupid! Reassessing the Political Economy of Radical Right‐wing Populist Parties
Authors: Otjes Simon , Ivaldi Gilles , Jupskås Anders Ravik , Mazzoleni Oscar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper engages in a comparative analysis of the economic positions of radical right‐wing populist parties in Western Europe. Following Ennser‐Jedenastik (), we argue that those parties’ political economy is best captured in terms of the nativist, populist and authoritarian features of their core ideology, each of which produces a specific set of economic policies independent from the issue of government intervention in the economy. On basis of an analysis of the election manifestos of seven radical right‐wing populist parties in Western Europe in the period 2005‐2015, we argue that those parties share similarities in their economic nativism, authoritarianism and populism, whilst their positions on the traditional role of the state in the economy are more diverse. The findings indicate also a unified ‘nativist’ response to the global financial crisis both in terms of welfare chauvinism and economic protectionism. We discuss the role of internal and external factors in explaining the economic profile of radical right‐wing populist parties.
Identifying soil management zones in a sugarcane field using proximal sensed electromagnetic induction and gamma‐ray spectrometry data
Authors: Dennerley C. , Huang J. , Nielson R. , Sefton M. , Triantafilis J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSpatial variation in soils is required to supply ameliorants and fertilisers in the Australian sugarcane industry. However, traditional approaches are cost‐prohibitive. We investigated how a digital soil mapping (DSM) approach could be used to identify management zones. First, ancillary data including electromagnetic induction and gamma‐ray spectrometry data were collected. Using fuzzy k‐means (FKM) clustering, two to six management zones were identified. A similar approach was used to cluster percentage yield variations (2014, 2015 and 2016). Using restricted maximum likelihood analysis of topsoil (0–0.3 m) and subsoil (0.6–0.9 m) physical (e.g. clay) and chemical (e.g. exchangeable sodium percentage [ESP], and exchangeable calcium and magnesium) properties, three zones were found to minimise the mean squared prediction error (). By comparison, the three zones obtained using the percentage yield variation only minimised for subsoil ESP, which suggested it had some influence on sugarcane yield and productivity. Different rates of gypsum were required to manage the moderately sodic topsoil ESP for each zone. This was similarly the case with lime to overcome deficiencies in exchangeable calcium and magnesium. The results were consistent with yield variance, suggesting the smaller yield in some zones was due to topsoil sodicity and strongly sodic subsoil with a greater clay content. We concluded that the DSM approach was successful in identifying soil management zones and can be used to improve soil structural stability and fertility. The zones also had ramifications for strip trials to determine yield increases by comparing variable rate applications of gypsum and lime.
Potential to predict depth‐specific soil–water content beneath an olive tree using electromagnetic conductivity imaging
Authors: Martinez G. , Huang J. , Vanderlinden K. , Giráldez J. V. , Triantafilis J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEfficient monitoring of soil moisture is becoming increasingly important. To understand soil–plant–water dynamics, we evaluate the potential of using a multiple‐coil‐array electromagnetic induction instrument and inversion software to map soil moisture beneath an olive tree. On twelve different days, we collected apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) data using a DUALEM‐21S and the volumetric soil moisture (θ) using a bank of soil moisture sensors on opposite sides of the tree. Using EM4Soil, we inverted the ECa data on five of the days and established a site‐specific calibration between estimates of true electrical conductivity (σ) and θ. The strongest calibration relationship between σ and θ (R2 = 0.65) was obtained for a full‐solution, S2 algorithm and damping factor of 1.2. A leave one out cross‐validation (LOOCV) showed the calibration was robust, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.046 m3/m3, a mean error (ME) of 0.001 m3/m3 and a Lin's concordance of 0.72. We subsequently evaluated the calibration relationship on the seven remaining days and over a drying period of 120 days. This approach provides information about the temporal evolution of θ by a LOOCV of validation with a RMSE of 0.037, ME of −0.003 and a Lin's concordance of 0.54. Improvement could be achieved by aligning the DUALEM‐21S in the same orientation as the sensors, with time‐lapse inversion also being advantageous.
Port efficiency and Brazilian exports: A quantitative assessment of the impact of turnaround time
Authors: Sant’ Anna Vinícios P. , Kannebley Júnior Sérgio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper estimates the impact of vessels turnaround time on Brazilian exports. To achieve this goal, we use a difference gravity equation in order to explore the time variation in port procedures for 16 Brazilian ports. This paper uses a unique database with local exports, taking into account the port used and products aggregated at the four‐digit Harmonized System (HS) level for the period between 2010 and 2012. The estimation results indicate that, in general, each additional hour of delay in port procedures represents costs to Brazilian exporters, which may lead to loss of competitiveness of domestic products abroad. According to the estimates, each additional relative hour of delay in the average port is equivalent to a reduction in relative local exports of ~2%. Moreover, a 10% relative reduction in vessel turnaround time can increase the proportional number of exported product categories by 1%. Therefore, our findings suggest that turnaround time has a statistically significant effect on the intensive and extensive margins of international trade.
Qualitative evaluation of an educational intervention to reduce medicolegal risks for medical doctors experiencing significantly more cases than their peers in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Jolly John , Bowie Paul , Price Julie , Mason Matt , Dinwoodie Mark 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThe Medical Protection Society (MPS) is a leading protection organisation for healthcare professionals worldwide. In the UK and Ireland, a small minority of MPS members experience significantly more medicolegal cases than their peers and are invited to participate in a risk education (RE) remediation process. To understand more about this educational intervention, we sought to explore participating doctors’ views of their experiences of this process and identify self-reported performance improvements and what elements of the intervention could be improved.DesignQualitative semistructured telephone interviews with a convenience sample of doctors with significantly more medicolegal cases than their peers identified by MPS.SettingUK and Ireland MPS members.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 20 general medical practitioners and hospital specialists from a total of 79 who completed the RE process (25.3% response rate), with a particular focus on the Member Risk Review programme, between November 2013 and October 2015.Results19 participants were male and 16 were based in general medical (office) practice. Three key themes were generated: personal and professional impacts and actions (eg, member has taken action to reduce clinical workload); comprehension and validity of RE interventions (eg, risks were related to wider patient management); and feedback and proposals (eg, the supportive nature of the educational interventions should be clear from the start). A number of recommendations were made by participants to improve the RE process and enhance the educational experience.ConclusionsThe RE process was largely valued by participants with many reporting that participation led to some positive professional behaviour changes and improvements in practice processes and personal well-being.
Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) antagonists in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Liu Wei , Min Jie , Jiang Hongli , Mao Bing 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionMore than 20 orally bioavailable chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) antagonists have moved forward to clinical development in recent years for the treatment of asthma. However, evidence from individual randomised controlled trials (RCTs) has demonstrated inconsistent results in their efficacy and safety.Methods and analysisPubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Global Index Medicus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus will be searched from inception to 30 December 2017 for eligible RCTs, with additional studies being identified by manual searches. The study eligibility, data extraction and quality appraisal will be performed by two independent reviewers. Studies deemed fit for inclusion will be assessed using Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. To generate more accurate analyses, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be used to grade the evidence. We will use the χ2test and the I2statistic to assess heterogeneity. The metaregression and subgroup analyses will be undertaken in the presence of heterogeneity. The potential for publication bias will be examined using funnel plots.Ethics and disseminationThe current study is based on published data, thus ethical approval is not a requirement. The results of this study will be reported in an open-access peer-reviewed publication or will be disseminated as conference proceedings. This systematic review will increase the understanding of the application of CRTH2 antagonists in patients with asthma, which may help to establish and identify specific gaps in the evidence informing a future agenda for asthma research, policy and practice.Trial registration numberCRD42017079342.
Confronting the Triple Crisis of the Radical Left
Authors: Roso Darren 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDaniel Bensaïd’s theoretical and political framework deserves to be habitually known in the English-speaking world. His philosophical work has a universal dimension, but because it was also the product of particular political upsurges and downturns, it is necessary to understand these particular political moments to thoroughly understand the universal scope and significance of his work. This paper will look at these political developments (with a focus on France) and pay particular attention to the crisis of the workers’ movement, strategy and Marxism.
Is There a Better Way to Study Religion? The View of William E. Paden
Authors: Segal Robert A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This review praises William Paden’s focus on some of the key issues in the study of religion. It questions Paden’s position on three topics: (a) the relationship between evolutionary psychology and functionalism; (b) the compatibility of Durkheim with Eliade; and (c) the ‘newness’ of Paden’s new comparativism.
Variation in somatic condition and testis mass in Feirana quadranus along an altitudinal gradient
Authors: Tang Tao , Luo Yi , Huang Chun Hua , Liao Wen Bo , Huang Wen Chao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The competition for fertilization among sperm from different males can drive variation in male reproductive investments. However, the mechanisms shaping reproductive allocation and the resulting variations in reproductive investment relative to environmental variables such as resource availability and male-male competition remain poorly known in frogs. Here, we investigated inter-population variation in male somatic condition and testis mass across four populations of the swelled vent frog Feirana quadranus along an altitudinal gradient. We found that relative testis mass did not increase with altitude, which was inconsistent with previous predictions that an increase in latitude and/or altitude should result in decreased sperm production in anurans due to shortened breeding seasons and the decline in resource availability. We also found no increase in somatic condition and male/female operational sex ratio with altitude. However, the somatic condition exhibited a positive correlation with testis mass, which indicated the condition-dependent testis size in F. quadranus. Moreover, an increase of testis mass with increasing male/female operational sex ratio suggest that male-male competition can result in an increased intensity of sperm competition, thereby increasing testis mass.
p53 gene cloning and response to hypoxia in the plateau zokor, Myospalax baileyi
Authors: An Zhi-fang , Zhao Kang , Wei Lin-na , Wang Zhi-jie , Li Su-hua , Wei Lian , Wei Deng-bang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) is a specialized subterranean rodent that lives on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The species has evolved a series of strategies to adapt to its hypoxic environment and hypercapnia.p53is a tumour suppressor gene that plays a crucial role in the cellular response to hypoxia by inducing cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, DNA damage repair and angiogenesis. To investigate the sequence characteristics ofp53and the response to hypoxia in plateau zokor, we cloned thep53coding DNA sequence, analysed it, and measured the expression level ofp53at different altitudes in plateau zokor and rats. Our results show that the coding DNA sequence is 1179 bp, consisting of 392 amino acid residues. Compared to humanp53, the subterranean rodents have two mutation sites in common with the human hotspots in the DNA-binding domain. Compared to subterranean rodents, plateau zokor have a mutation at residue 309. In addition, subterranean rodents have two convergent sites at residues 78 and 84. The expression levels ofp53in plateau zokor tissues increase significantly from 2260 m to 3300 m, but there was no significant difference in rats at those altitudes. Our results suggest that subterranean rodents have two mutation sites in common with the human hotspots in the DNA-binding domain, the mutation of Gly309Asp is a unique mutation site of plateau zokorp53, and there are two convergent sites enhancing subterranean rodent adaptation to hypoxic conditions. In addition,p53is sensitive to the oxygen concentration in plateau zokor, and hypoxia upregulates the levels ofp53. Generally, plateau zokor use this strategy to adapt to a hypoxic environment.
Determination of Harmonic Parameters with Temporal Variations: An Enhanced Harmonic Analysis Algorithm and Application to Internal Tidal Currents in the South China Sea
Authors: Jin Guangzhen , Pan Haidong , Zhang Qilin , Lv Xianqing , Zhao Wei , Gao Yuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs an effective tool to distinguish different tidal components, classical tidal current harmonic analysis has been widely used to obtain harmonic parameters of internal tidal currents. However, harmonic parameters cannot exactly reveal the motion of internal tides, as the irregular temporal variations for internal tides are significant in many regions of the world’s oceans. An enhanced harmonic analysis (EHA) algorithm based on the independent point scheme and cubic spline interpolation is presented in this paper to obtain harmonic parameters with temporal variations for different tidal constituents of internal tides. Moreover, this algorithm is applied to analyze 14 months of current data obtained from a mooring located on the continental shelf in the northeastern region of the South China Sea. The obvious irregular temporal variations for the four principal constituents—M2, K1, S2, and O1—of internal tides in this region are indicated. It is hoped that this algorithm might present a brand-new view for researchers to investigate the irregular temporal motions of internal tides.