bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glassy carbon MEMS for novel origami-styled 3D integrated
intracortical and epicortical neural probes
Authors: Goshi Noah , Castagnola Elisa , Vomero Maria , Gueli Calogero , Cea Claudia , Zucchini Elena , Bjanes David , Maggiolini Emma , Moritz Chet , Kassegne Sam , Ricci Davide , Fadiga Luciano 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We report on a novel technology for microfabricating 3D origami-styled micro
electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) structures with glassy carbon (GC) features
and a supporting polymer substrate. GC MEMS devices that open to form 3D
microstructures are microfabricated from GC patterns that are made through
pyrolysis of polymer precursors on high-temperature resisting substrates like
silicon or quartz and then transferring the patterned devices to a flexible
substrate like polyimide followed by deposition of an insulation layer. The
devices on flexible substrate are then folded into 3D form in an
origami-fashion.
These 3D MEMS devices have tunable mechanical properties that are achieved by
selectively varying the thickness of the polymeric substrate and insulation
layers at any desired location. This technology opens new possibilities by
enabling microfabrication of a variety of 3D GC MEMS structures suited to
applications ranging from biochemical sensing to implantable microelectrode
arrays. As a demonstration of the technology, a neural signal recording
microelectrode array platform that integrates both surface (cortical) and depth
(intracortical) GC microelectrodes onto a single flexible thin-film device is
introduced.
When the device is unfurled, a pre-shaped shank of polyimide automatically comes
off the substrate and forms the penetrating part of the device in a 3D fashion.
With the advantage of being highly reproducible and batch-fabricated, the device
introduced here allows for simultaneous recording of electrophysiological
signals from both the brain surface (electrocorticography—ECoG) and depth
(single neuron). Our device, therefore, has the potential to elucidate the roles
of underlying neurons on the different components of
µECoG signals. For in vivo validation of
the design capabilities, the recording sites are coated with a
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)—polystyrene sulfonate—carbon
nanotube composite, to improve the electrical conductivity of the electrodes and
consequently the quality of the recorded signals. Results show that both
µECoG and intracortical arrays were able to acquire
neural signals with high-sensitivity that increased with depth, thereby
verifying the device functionality.
Microbial control of the carbon cycle in the ocean
Authors: Wang Ling 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The oceans cover 71% of the area of our planet and serve as a major repository for anthropogenic CO2. The amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the ocean is comparable to the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. If all this DOC were to be respired, it would double the CO2 level in the atmosphere and result in catastrophic consequences. Over the past few decades, scientists have increasingly begun to understand the vital role that microbes play in the cycling of carbon in the ocean. Concepts such as the Microbial Loop (ML) and the Microbial Carbon Pump (MCP) have been proposed to describe the mechanisms by which microbes contribute to carbon flux and storage in the ocean, and the impact that this has on climate change.
Recently, National Science Review held a forum focusing on microbially-mediated carbon cycling in the ocean and gathered renowned scientists to discuss the key questions and challenges in this field. Professor Nianzhi Jiao of Xiamen University hosted the panel discussion.
Wen Tong: 5G will be the neural network of the physical world
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Smart phones, video, computer games, social platforms and mobile payments have dramatically changed our daily lives in the past 10 years. Behind the rise of the internet industry, fourth-generation (4G) network technology played an instrumental role. According to the plans of major communications companies and the global standardization organization 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), the next generation of wireless network technology (5G) will start to be commercially used before 2020. What will be the technological improvements in performance of 5G comparing with 4G? Would 5G be similarly transformative? In a recent interview with NSR, Huawei's Chief 5G scientist, Wen Tong, talked about these topics, as well as about the transformation of China's communications industry from a technology follower in the eras of 3G and 4G to one of the leading forces behind 5G.
Challenging the standard model by high-precision comparisons of the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons
Authors: Ulmer S. , Mooser A. , Nagahama H. , Sellner S. , Smorra C. 
Published: February 2018

The BASE collaboration investigates the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons, such as charge-to-mass ratios and magnetic moments, using advanced cryogenic Penning trap systems. In recent years, we performed the most precise measurement of the magnetic moments of both the proton and the antiproton, and conducted the most precise comparison of the proton-to-antiproton charge-to-mass ratio. In addition, we have set the most stringent constraint on directly measured antiproton lifetime, based on a unique reservoir trap technique. Our matter/antimatter comparison experiments provide stringent tests of the fundamental charge–parity–time invariance, which is one of the fundamental symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. This article reviews the recent achievements of BASE and gives an outlook to our physics programme in the ELENA era.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Antiproton physics in the ELENA era’.
Ripple-Mapping for the Detection of Long Duration Action Potential Areas in Patients with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Providencia Rui , Cavaco Diogo , Carmo Pedro , Pisani Cristiano , Costa Francisco Moscoso , Faustino Mariana , Morgado Francisco , Lambiase Pier D , Scanavacca Mauricio , Adragao Pedro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeCatheter ablation has been recently utilised in patients with Brugada syndrome to prevent ventricular arrhythmias. We hypothesized whether a mapping algorithm “Ripple-mapping” would be able to rapidly identify the areas of long-duration multicomponent electrograms which constitute the targets for ablation for an automated strategy.MethodsRipple-Mapping analysis was performed in all patients undergoing catheter ablation of Brugada syndrome in 2 centers. The activity propagation pattern determined by Ripple-Mapping was assessed, and areas of long duration potentials identified by visual inspection. The area of interest with long-duration potentials was correlated with the location of the ablation lesions.ResultsDetection of long duration potentials was possible in all four patients in this analysis. Points marking the ablation area in 2 patients were a perfect match to abnormal areas identified by Ripple-mapping. However, in 2 patients Ripple-mapping identified additional sites of long duration potentials which were not ablated. Acute and mid-term normalization of the ECG pattern was observed in three patients, and all these were free from arrhythmia relapse during a 10.3±3.2 months follow-up. In one patient, who had no ECG normalization and had arrhythmia relapse, the ablated area corresponded to <25% of the Ripple-map region of interest.ConclusionsThis study shows the potential use of Ripple-mapping for identifying areas of long duration multicomponent electrograms in patients with Brugada syndrome and recurrent ventricular arrhythmias. This technique enables the rapid definition of an area of interest which should then be validated by the operator before performing ablation with an end-point of ECG normalisation.
Non-histone human chromatin protein, PC4 is critical for genomic integrity and negatively regulates autophagy
Authors: Sikder Sweta , Kumari Sujata , Mustafi Pallabi , Ramdas Nisha , Padhi Swatishree , Saha Arka , Banerjee Birendranath , Manjithaya Ravi , Kundu Tapas K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMultifunctional human transcriptional positive co-activator 4 (PC4) is a bonafide non-histone component of the chromatin and plays a pivotal role in the process of chromatin compaction and functional genome organization. Knockdown of PC4 expression leads to a drastic open conformation of the chromatin and thereby altered nuclear architecture, defects in chromosome segregation and changed epigenetic landscape. Interestingly, these defects do not induce cellular death but result in enhanced cellular proliferation possibly through enhanced autophagic activity. PC4 depletion confers significant resistance to gamma irradiation. Exposure to gamma irradiation further induced autophagy in these cells. Inhibition of autophagy by small molecule inhibitors as well as by silencing of a critical autophagy gene drastically reduces the survivability PC4 knockdown cells. On the contrary, complementation with wild type PC4 could reverse this phenomenon, confirming the process of autophagy as the key mechanism for radiation resistance in absence of PC4. These data connect the unexplored role of chromatin architecture in regulating autophagy during a stress condition such as radiation.
Phylogenetic factorization of mammalian viruses complements trait-based analyses and guides surveillance efforts
Authors: Washburne Alex D. , Crowley Daniel E. , Becker Daniel J. , Olival Kevin J. , Taylor Matthew , Munster Vincent J. , Plowright Raina K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPredicting which novel microorganisms may spill over from animals to humans has become a major priority in infectious disease biology. However, there are few tools to help assess the zoonotic potential of the enormous number of potential pathogens, the majority of which are undiscovered or unclassified and may be unlikely to infect or cause disease in humans. We adapt a new biological machine learning technique - phylofactorization - to partition viruses into clades based on their non-human host range and whether or not there exist evidence they have infected humans. Our cladistic analyses identify clades of viruses with common within-clade patterns - unusually high or low propensity for spillover. Phylofactorization by spillover yields many clades of viruses containing few to no representatives that have spilled over to humans, including the families Papillomaviridae and Herpesviridae, and the genus Parvovirus. Removal of these non-zoonotic clades from previous trait-based analyses changed the relative significance of traits determining spillover due to strong associations of traits with non-zoonotic clades. Phylofactorization by host breadth yielded clades with unusually high host breadth, including the family Togaviridae. We identify putative life-history traits differentiating clades’ host breadth and propensities for zoonosis, and discuss how these results can prioritize sequencing-based surveillance of emerging infectious diseases.
Non-antibiotic antimicrobial triclosan induces multiple antibiotic resistance through genetic mutation
Authors: Lu Ji , Jin Min , Nguyen Son Hoang , Mao Likai , Li Jie , Coin Lachlan J. M. , Yuan Zhiguo , Guo Jianhua 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAntibiotic resistance poses a major threat to public health. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are generally recognised as the key factors contributing to antibiotic resistance. However, whether non-antibiotic, anti-microbial (NAAM) chemicals can directly induce antibiotic resistance is unclear. We aim to investigate whether the exposure to a NAAM chemical triclosan (TCS) has an impact on inducing antibiotic resistance on Escherichia coli. Here, we report that at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L TCS induces multi-drug resistance in wild-type Escherichia coli after 30-day TCS exposure. The oxidative stress induced by TCS caused genetic mutations in genes such as fabI, frdD, marR, acrR and soxR, and subsequent up-regulation of the transcription of genes encoding beta-lactamase and multi-drug efflux pump, together with down-regulation of genes related to membrane permeability. The findings advance our understanding of the potential role of NAAM chemicals in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in microbes, and highlights the need for controlling biocide applications.
A molecular rack and pinion actuates a cell-surface adhesin and enables bacterial gliding motility
Authors: Shrivastava Abhishek , Berg Howard C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe mechanism for bacterial gliding is not understood. The gliding bacteriumFlavobacterium johnsoniaeis known to have an adhesin, SprB, that moves along the cell surface on a spiral track. When cells are sheared by passage of a suspension through thin tubing, they stop gliding but can be tethered by addition of an anti-SprB antibody. Tethered cells spin about 3 Hz. We labeled the Type 9 secretion system (T9SS) with a yellow-fluorescent-protein (YFP) fusion of GldL. When labeled cells were tethered, a yellow fluorescent spot was found near the rotation axis, which shows that the motor that drives the rotation localizes with the T9SS. The spiral track was labeled by following the motion of Cy3 attached to SprB via an antibody. The distance between the rotation axis and the track was determined by a measurement involving both labels, YFP and Cy3, yielding 90 nm. If a rotary motor spins a pinion of radius 90 nm 3 Hz, a spot on its periphery will move 1.5 μm/s, the speed at which cells glide. We suggest that the pinion drives a flexible tread that carries SprB along a track fixed to the cell surface. Cells glide when such an adhesin adheres to the solid substratum.
Proactive transparency and outward accountability of frontline public bureaucracies
Authors: Alom Md Morshed 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a model that demonstrates how some organizational factors are linked to the proactive transparency behavior and outward accountability orientation of frontline public bureaucracies.Design/methodology/approachThe model is developed on the basis of literature review.FindingsIt is shown in the model that some dimensions of organizational culture are linked to the “value for proactive transparency,” which, in turn, is linked to the “proactive transparency behavior” of frontline public bureaucracies. The proactive transparency behavior is also influenced by organizational structure and organizational endowment. Finally, the proactive transparency behavior determines “outward accountability” orientation.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the understanding of the frontline public bureaucracy’s transparency behavior and outward accountability orientation from the perspective of organizational factors such as culture, structure, and endowment.
Deriving managerial implications through SERVQUAL gap elasticity in UAE banking
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Sujit K.S. , Charles Vincent 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose the microeconomics concept of elasticity to estimate the SERVQUAL gap elasticity to derive important insights for service providers to develop the right strategies to bridge the overall gap in service.Design/methodology/approachThe dimensions of SERVQUAL adopted from Parasuramanet al.(1988) and Kumaret al.(2009) are first verified for their unidimensionality using structural equation modeling and reliability in the context of United Arab Emirates banking industry. Furthermore, the technique of dominance analysis is used to derive the relative importance of dimensions for different groups of banks. Finally, the stepwise log-linear regression models are used to estimate the gap elasticity to measure the responsiveness of the overall SERVQUAL gap to a change in customers’ perception on different dimension.FindingsThe results reveal that the dimension which is prioritized as the most important dimension need not to be the one to be targeted under the resource constraint to react faster to the changes of customers’ banking behavior.Originality/valueThis is probably the first attempt to examine the service quality through gap elasticity. This method is especially useful when the traditional approach to measure relative importance of critical factors fails to clearly discriminate between two or more dimensions, which, in turn, may lead to failure in decision making to choose the right strategies to bridge the overall gap in the service.
The development of hydraulic oils for the new fuel-efficient hydraulic hybrid vehicles with ANP method
Authors: Tang Gongbin , Chen Yifan , Xiao Feng , Zhang Shanshan , Huang Fuchuan 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to use this method to explore a new approach and possible technical optimal design for lubricant formulation.

Design/methodology/approach
The component of the developed oil was determined based on the physical and chemical properties of the base oil and the tribological properties. The analytic hierarchy process (ANP) method and SuperDecisions software were used for hydraulic oil modeling and calculation while taking performance index, work circumstance and economy into consideration.

Findings
The hydraulic oil formulation can be optimized using the ANP method, where the technical performance, economy and working circumstances of the hydraulic oils were taken into consideration in the evaluation system. The experiment analyzed and scored and screened the hydraulic oil formula in an objective and comprehensive manner.

Originality/value
The experiments showed that the newly developed hydraulic oils could meet the performance requirements for new energy vehicles equipped with hybrid hydraulic engines.
International marketing strategies of emerging market firms
Authors: Boso Nathaniel , Debrah Yaw A. , Amankwah-Amoah Joseph 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: to publish scholarly works that extend knowledge on the drivers, consequences and boundary conditions of international marketing strategies employed by emerging market firms of all sizes and types; and to advance a narrative for future research on emerging market firms’ international marketing activities.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this agenda, the authors invited scholars to submit quality manuscripts to the special issue. Manuscripts that addressed the special issue theme from varied theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches were invited.FindingsOut of 70 manuscripts reviewed, 7 are eventually accepted for inclusion in this special issue. The papers touched on interesting research topics bothering on international marketing practices of emerging market firms using blend of interesting theoretical perspectives and variety of methods. Key theoretical perspectives used include resource-based theory, internationalization theory, institutional theory and corporate visual identity theory. The authors employed unique sets of methods including literature review, surveys, panel data, and process-based qualitative and case-study enquiries. The authors used some of the most advanced analytical techniques to analyze their data.Originality/valueThis introduction to the special issue provides a review of the extant literature on the international marketing strategy of emerging market firms, focusing on summarizing key empirical contributions on the topic over the last three decades. Subsequently, the authors discuss how each paper included in this special issue helps advance the agenda to develop scholarly knowledge on emerging market firms’ international marketing strategy.
Thermodynamics and London office property cycles
Authors: Szweizer Moshe 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the studies of commercial property cycles by providing a cross-field approach to property markets modelling.Design/methodology/approachThe approach allows for the incorporation of market shocks into the property cycle model as fundamental building blocks; assessment of overall market absorption generated through cyclic activity; and timing estimation of major market events. An ideal model is first constructed, which relies on an observation that a property cycle consists of four distinctive phases. These are described formally through appropriate formulae. Subsequently, it is observed that an analogous cyclic behaviour is described in physics as the Otto cycle. The formulae derived in physics for the Otto cycle are now redefined so to be applicable to the property market.FindingsThe model has been applied to the London office market, both to the historic and the current data sets. This allowed for the comparison of model predicted absorption and vacancies with the historic records, providing for assessment of the model accuracy. The model predicted that absorption was also compared with historic space supply allowing for estimation of oversupply and resultant vacancies. London office submarkets were analysed and compared to each other, allowing for estimation of their relative attractiveness as perceived by tenants and developers.Practical implicationsThe model may be used to estimate cycle generated absorption; therefore, over and under supply of space due to developers’ activity may be assessed. It is also possible to use the model to assess the timing of future market peaks and troughs.Originality/valueThis is the first research directly applying the methodology developed in physics to commercial property cycles.
Disclosure of the Laffer economic effect in property valuations to fair value
Authors: Liapis Konstantinos J. , Politis Evangelos D. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of income and property taxes on property assets through the application of fair value accounting and deferred income tax standards.

Design/methodology/approach
This approach is based on the whole life costing model that accounts for the initial expenses, operation and maintenance costs, future revenues, and residual value.

Findings
Formulating a step-by-step accounting procedure based on fair valuation and temporary differences in taxation, this paper shows the existence of the Laffer curve and thus elucidates the economic effect of the taxes and fully discloses the asset’s fair value. The optimal taxation rate is lower when a property tax and an income tax are both present, as the the marginal gain from both taxes is constantly decreasing, due to the changes in the fair value of the asset, and even has a negative effect in the case of the income tax.

Practical implications
Accounting techniques, which combine market-based assumptions, financial valuation techniques based on discounted fair value models, and standard International Financial Reporting Standards disclosures, prove to be an unbiased proxy for the optimal taxation rate.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates a practical tool for policy makers who are trying to define macroeconomic policies on property taxation. Moreover, this approach can be used as an evaluation model for individual investors who wish to measure the future prospects from a property investment under taxation uncertainties.