bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the effect of fabric structure on the optical properties of woven fabrics
Authors: Khosravani Paniz , Ezazshahabi Nazanin , Latifi Masoud 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to study the optical properties of woven fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study was carried out to objectively evaluate the luster of a group of woven fabrics with different weave structures and weft densities, with the aid of a goniophotometer. The results obtained from the objective luster measurement were validated by a set of pair comparison subjective tests using Thurstone’s law of comparative judgment.

Findings
The proper correlation with the R2 value of more than 0.96, between subjective and objective tests, confirmed the reliability and accordance of objective results with the human perception of luster. Statistical analysis of the luster results clarified that the effect of fabric structural parameters such as weave structure and weft density are significant at the confidence range of 95 per cent. The highest luster index was achieved for the twill 3/1 weave structure and the lowest luster belonged to the plain pattern. In addition, an increase in the density of the fabric leads to better luster. Moreover, it was concluded that the surface roughness affects the luster. A rise in the roughness value of the woven fabric causes reduction in its luster property.

Originality/value
Optical properties of woven fabrics, which are mainly attributed through the measurement of luster, are important for qualifying the aesthetic characteristics of the fabrics with various weave structures. Bearing in mind the influence of fabric surface properties on the aesthetic features of cloths, obtaining information in this field is a guide for selecting the suitable fabric for various end uses.
Homogeneous orthogonal diffusion of drugs in the rat brain
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Yunjun , He Dongqi , Han Hongbin , Yuan Lan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe study introduced a homogeneous orthogonal diffusion model to describe the diffusion pattern of agents in the rat brain. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed post‐injection of paramagnetic drugs into the caudatum of the rat brain at predetermined time intervals. The signal intensity on magnetic resonance images was converted to agents’ concentration, and the standard least square method was employed to estimate the diffusion coefficients. The diffusion coefficients calculated along the three orthogonal axes were D1 = (0.0097 ± 0.0036) mm2/h, D2 = (0.0153 ± 0.0033) mm2/h, and D3 = (0.0293 ± 0.0155) mm2/h; the clearance rate constant was k = (0.2177 ± 0.0112)/h. The theoretical homogeneous orthogonal model can enhance our knowledge on both the biophysical characteristics of brain extracellular space and the interstitial drug delivery in the brain.
Inherited memory, social learning, and resilience: lessons from Spain's Great Blizzard of 1888
Authors: García‐Hernández Cristina , Ruiz‐Fernández Jesús , González‐Díaz Benjamín 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe snowstorms that affected the Cantabrian Mountains in the winter of 1888 caused unprecedented damage, and the absence of a “resilient approach” to this episode had several consequences worth further consideration. In this study, we explored interconnections between and among memory, social learning, and resilience by surveying the affected landscapes, conducting interviews with current residents, and reviewing historical sources such as press archives. The mixed method has enabled us to examine the construction and transmission of respondents' memories and to link those narratives to our reading of the presence or absence of risk mitigation actions—especially against snow avalanches. Our analysis has established that the 1888 snowstorms are remembered down the decades in ways that downplay risk, neglect social learning and changes to community practices and capacities to cope with uncertainties, and fail to shape preventive measures against future disasters. These insights have relevance for those interested in how archival research, field observations, and contemporaneous interviews can aid understandings of inherited memory, social learning, and resilience.
Modeling Hydrological and Environmental Consequences of Climate Change and Urbanization in the Boise River Watershed, Idaho
Authors: Kim JungJin , Ryu Jae Hyeon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe potential impacts driven by climate variability and urbanization in the Boise River Watershed (BRW), located in southwestern Idaho, are evaluated. The outcomes from Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and land use and land cover (LULC) analysis have been incorporated into a hydrological and environmental modeling framework to characterize how climate variability and urbanization can affect the local hydrology and environment at the BRW. The combined impacts of future climate and LULC change are also evaluated relative to the historical baseline conditions. For modeling exercises, Hydrological Simulation Program‐Fortran (HSPF) is used in parallel computing and statistical techniques, including spatial downscaling and bias correlation, are employed to evaluate climate consequences derived from GCMs as well. The implications of climate variability and land use change driven by urbanization are then observed to evaluate how these overall global challenges can affect water quantity and quality conditions at the BRW. The results show the combined impacts of both climate change and urbanization can lead to more seasonal variability of streamflow (from −27.5% to 12.5%) and water quality, including sediment (from −36.5% to 49.3%), nitrogen (from −24% to 124.2%), and phosphorus (from −13.3% to 21.2%) during summer and early fall over the next several decades.
Assessing maternal and neonatal near‐miss reviews in rural Nepal: an implementation research study to inform scale‐up
Authors: Rana Hari Bahadur , Banjara Megha Raj , Joshi Mahesh Prasad , Kurth Ann E. , Castillo Theresa P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo understand how maternal and neonatal near‐miss reviews could be implemented and scaled‐up in rural communities through the existing district health system in Nepal.MethodsMixed methods with a modified time series evaluation design were used. The World Health Organization maternal and neonatal near‐miss criteria used in multicountry surveys were adapted and used to define maternal and neonatal near‐miss cases.ResultsThe World Health Organization near‐miss criteria were mainly applicable at the district hospital setting, but further adaptations were needed for community‐level birthing centres, as organ dysfunction and critical intervention criteria were not found appropriate. In birthing centres, disease‐based criteria were applicable for maternal near‐miss review, and danger and clinical sign‐based and condition at birth criteria were applicable for neonatal near‐miss review. Primary barriers to implementation were attrition of trained staff due to the frequent transfer of healthcare providers, and time constraints of district hospital medical doctors for case‐by‐case reviews as they were often busy in hospital and in their private clinics.ConclusionAdapted maternal and neonatal near‐miss review process implementation in Nepal is feasible through the existing government health system.
Community case management of lower chest indrawing pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children in Kenya
Authors: Onono Maricianah , Abdi Mohammed , Mutai Kennedy , Asadhi Elijah , Nyamai Rachel , Okoth Peter , Qazi Shamim Ahmad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the accuracy and effectiveness of community health workers (CHWs) when compared to trained nurses for management of pneumonia in Kenyan children.MethodsIn Homabay County in western Kenya, children 2–59 months of age with lower chest indrawing pneumonia were identified, classified and treated by CHWs with oral amoxicillin (90 mg/kg per day) for five days at home. Trained nurses visited the child within 24 hours to verify diagnosis; and on day 4 and 14 to assess treatment outcomes.ResultsCHWs identified 1906 children with lower chest indrawing pneumonia. There was an 88.7% concordance in classification and treatment for lower chest indrawing pneumonia by CHWs compared to nurses. Children with moderate malnutrition (OR 1.68; 95% CI: 1.22–2.30), comorbidities such as diarrhoea or malaria (OR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.32–1.81) or an additional day of delay in care seeking (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.10) were more likely to have an incorrect classification of lower chest indrawing by the CHW. Comorbidity (OR 1.66; 95% CI: 1.12–2.48) and fast breathing (OR 4.66; 95% CI: 1.26–17.27) were significantly associated with treatment failure on day 14.ConclusionCHWs can correctly manage lower chest indrawing pneumonia even in high‐mortality settings, such as western Kenya, in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Implementation of a labour companionship model in three public hospitals in Arab middle‐income countries
Authors: Kabakian‐Khasholian Tamar , Bashour Hyam , El‐Nemer Amina , Kharouf Mayada , Elsheikh Ohoud ,   the Labour Companionship Study Group
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness and cost of the integration of a tailored labour companionship model in three public hospitals in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria.MethodsPhased implementation research using mixed methods. Implementation strategies consisted of steering committees in hospitals, seminars for healthcare providers, information, education and communication materials, and adjustments in labour rooms. The labour companionship model consisted of (i) identification of a female relative as labour companion by women; (ii) provision of information, education and communication materials to women and companions; and (iii) allowing companions to accompany women throughout the first stage of labour. Semi‐structured interviews with women, labour companions and healthcare providers were used to assess feasibility and acceptability of the model. Effectiveness was assessed through structured interviews with women, information abstracted from medical records and cost data. The comparison was made between the pre‐implementation and the implementation phases.ResultsThis model was found to be feasible, acceptable, effective and cost‐beneficial. Women's satisfaction and perception of control improved and caesarean section rates were reduced significantly.ConclusionThis model can be adopted for these countries and elsewhere with comparable health systems. It enhances the quality of care and the provision of equitable and respectful maternity services.
Evaluating the impact of length of time from diagnosis to surgery in patients with unfavourable intermediate‐risk to very‐high‐risk clinically localised prostate cancer
Authors: Gupta Natasha , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Han Misop , Gorin Michael A. , Challacombe Ben J. , Partin Alan W. , Mamawala Mufaddal K. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of length of time from diagnostic biopsy to radical prostatectomy (RP) on oncological outcomes amongst men diagnosed with unfavourable intermediate‐ to very‐high‐risk clinically localised prostate cancer.Patients and methodsWe performed a retrospective review of men with a diagnosis of grade group (GG) ≥3 prostate cancer on biopsy, who underwent RP within 6 months of diagnosis, at our institution between 2005 and 2018. We assessed patient demographics, pre‐biopsy disease characteristics, and receipt of neoadjuvant therapy. We categorised time between biopsy and RP into two intervals: <3 and 3–6 months. For each GG, we compared receipt of adjuvant therapy, pathological outcomes at RP (positive surgical margin [PSM], extraprostatic extension [EPE], seminal vesicle invasion [SVI], and lymph node involvement [LNI]), risk of 2‐ and 5‐year biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BCRFS), and 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year metastasis‐free survival (MFS) between patients who underwent RP at <3 vs 3–6 months after diagnosis.ResultsAmongst 2303 men who met the study inclusion criteria, 1244 (54%) had GG 3, 608 (26%) had GG 4, and 451 (20%) had GG 5 disease. In all, 72% underwent RP at <3 months after diagnosis. For each diagnostic GG, there was no significant difference in rates of adjuvant therapy, PSM, EPE, SVI, or LNI in men who had RP at <3 vs 3–6 months after diagnosis. In all, 1568 men had follow‐up after RP of >1 year. For each diagnostic GG, there was no significant difference in 2‐ and 5‐year BCRFS between patients who had RP at <3 vs 3–6 months after diagnosis (GG 3: 78% vs 83% and 69% vs 66%, respectively, P = 0.6; GG 4: 68% vs 74% and 51% vs 57%, respectively, P = 0.4; GG 5: 58% vs 74% and 48% vs 54%, respectively, P = 0.2). Similarly, for each diagnostic GG, there was no significant difference in 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year MFS between patients who had RP at <3 vs 3–6 months after diagnosis, although we were not able to calculate 10‐year MFS for patients with GG 5 disease due to limited follow‐up in that group (GG 3: 98%, 92%, and 84% vs 97%, 95%, and 91%, respectively, P = 0.4; GG 4: 97%, 90%, and 72% vs 94%, 91%, and 81%, respectively, P = 0.8; GG 5: 89% and 81% vs 91% and 71%, respectively, P = 0.9).ConclusionsWaiting for RP up to 6 months after diagnosis is not associated with adverse outcomes amongst patients with unfavourable intermediate‐ to very‐high‐risk prostate cancer.
Do group interventions help people with autism spectrum disorder to develop better relationships with others? A critical review of the literature
Authors: Atkinson‐Jones Katherine , Hewitt Olivia 
Published: December 2018

Accessible summary

Lots of people with autism find it difficult to make friends and have relationships.

There are lots of different groups that can help people with autism to learn social skills and how to make friends.

Some of the groups were specially designed for people with a learning disability as well as autism.

The groups can help support people to talk about their emotions, talk to other people about their thoughts and feelings and practise talking to other people.

This paper found that social skills groups can help people with autism to improve their social skills and to talk to people more.

The PEERS‐YA group appears to be the best social skills group for people with autism without a learning disability.

More research is needed to learn more about social skills groups for people with autism and a learning disability.

AbstractBackgroundSocial and communication impairments are a core diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can act as a barrier to developing relationships. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) guidelines recommend group social skills interventions as the first‐line treatment to help adults with ASD improve their social skills and relationships. To date, reviews have only explored the impact of group social skills interventions for adults with ASD without intellectual disability (ID). This review aimed to critically appraise studies investigating group social skills interventions for adults with ASD both without intellectual disability and with a mild or moderate intellectual disability.MethodA systematic search of four databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL), as well as hand‐searching of references, was conducted. Ten studies were identified, employing different designs and methodologies, and covering six different group social skills interventions.ResultsOverall, the review provided fairly consistent evidence that group social skills in different formats can reduce social impairments and increase social interaction, social knowledge and empathy for adults with ASD.ConclusionThere was variation in the quality of studies, and the most robust evidence was provided for the efficacy of the PEERS‐YA intervention. There was less evidence supporting the effectiveness of group social skills interventions for adults with ASD and intellectual disability, and more research is needed in this area.
Docking simulation and antibiotic discovery targeting the MlaC protein in Gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Huang Yu‐ming M. , Munguia Jason , Miao Yinglong , Nizet Victor , McCammon J. Andrew 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo maintain the lipid asymmetry of the cell envelope in Gram‐negative bacteria, the MlaC protein serves as a lipid transfer factor and delivers phospholipids from the outer to the inner membrane. A strategy of antibiotic discovery is to design a proper compound that can tightly bind to the MlaC protein and inhibit the MlaC function. In this study, we performed virtual screening on multiple MlaC structures obtained from molecular dynamics simulations to identify potential MlaC binders. Our results suggested that clorobiocin is a compound that could bind to the MlaC protein. Through the comparison of the bound geometry between clorobiocin and novobiocin, we pointed out that the methyl‐pyrrole group of the noviose sugar in clorobiocin forms hydrophobic interactions with amino acids in the phospholipid binding pocket, which allows the compound to bind deep in the active site. This also explains why clorobiocin shows a tighter binding affinity than novobiocin. Our study highlights a practical path of antibiotic development against Gram‐negative bacteria.
The herbicide quinclorac as potent lipase inhibitor: Discovery via virtual screening and in vitro/in vivo validation
Authors: Dahabiyeh Lina A. , Bustanji Yasser , Taha Mutasem O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLipolysis is primarily controlled by the stepwise action of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL) to release free fatty acids and glycerol. A high level of circulating free fatty acids is well‐known to mediate insulin resistance. Thus, the need to discover lipase inhibitors against both enzyme systems remains urgent. Agrochemicals are tightly regulated chemicals and therefore are potential source of new medicinal agents. Accordingly, we implemented a computational workflow to search for new lipase inhibitory leads by virtually screening commercial agrochemicals against HSL and MGL employing binding pharmacophores and docking experiments. Ten agrochemicals were identified as potential lipase inhibitors, out of which quinclorac, a safe herbicide, achieved high‐ranking score. Subsequent in vitro evaluation against rat epididymal lipase activity showed quinclorac to exhibit nanomolar anti‐lipase IC50. Subsequent in vivo testing showed quinclorac to significantly decrease blood glycerol levels after acute exposure (150 mg/kg) and multiple dosing (50 or 25 mg/kg) (p < 0.05).
Children's Initial Responses and Beyond: Effects of Niceness and Similarity on Preference, Giving, and Memory
Authors: Tasimi Arber , Johnson Marcia K. 
Published: December 2018

This study assessed children's preference, giving, and memory to investigate the impact of social information over time. We compared 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds’ (N = 144) immediate or delayed responses to an individual who does or does not share their toy preference (similar vs. dissimilar) or an individual who treats others kindly or poorly (nice vs. mean). Immediately, children all preferred the similar or nice characters but gave more stickers to the similar character. This strong initial effect of similarity was not evident after 1 week; children's preference, giving, and memory reflected a greater long‐term impact of niceness than similarity. These findings highlight the importance of using multiple features and measures to elucidate children's evolving views about others.
Secretory immunoglobulin A induces human lung fibroblasts to produce inflammatory cytokines and undergo activation
Authors: Arakawa S , Suzukawa M , Watanabe K , Kobayashi K , Matsui H , Nagai H , Nagase T , Ohta K 
Published: December 2018

SummaryImmunoglobulin (Ig)A is the most abundant immunoglobulin in humans, and in the airway mucosa secretory IgA (sIgA) plays a pivotal role in first-line defense against invading pathogens and antigens. IgA has been reported to also have pathogenic effects, including possible worsening of the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the precise effects of IgA on lung fibroblasts remain unclear, and we aimed to elucidate how IgA activates human lung fibroblasts. We found that sIgA, but not monomeric IgA (mIgA), induced interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production by normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) at both the protein and mRNA levels. sIgA also promoted proliferation of NHLFs and collagen gel contraction comparable to with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, which is involved in fibrogenesis in IPF. Also, Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that sIgA enhanced production of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I (Col I) by NHLFs. Flow cytometry showed that NHLFs bound sIgA, and among the known IgA receptors, NHLFs significantly expressed CD71 (transferrin receptor). Transfection of siRNA targeting CD71 partially but significantly suppressed cytokine production by NHLFs co-cultured with sIgA. Our findings suggest that sIgA may promote human lung inflammation and fibrosis by enhancing production of inflammatory or fibrogenic cytokines as well as extracellular matrix, inducing fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts and promoting human lung fibroblast proliferation. sIgA’s enhancement of cytokine production may be due partially to its binding to CD71 or the secretory component.
Sharing conservation burdens fairly
Authors: Armstrong Chris 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe examined how, from the point of view of justice, the burdens of paying for conservation should be shared. I resisted simple answers to the question of who should pay for conservation that lean on a single moral principle. I identified 3 relevant principles that relate to who causes conservation challenges, who has greater capacity to carry burdens, and who stands to benefit from conservation. I argue for a distinctive pluralist framework for allocating conservation burdens that grants a proper role to all 3 principles. A multistep process can be used to put the framework into practice. First, identify cases in which conservation is necessary. Second, consider whether people knew or could have been expected to anticipate the consequences of their activities and whether they had reasonable alternatives to acting the way they did. Third, turn to facts about benefits; when no culprit for conservation challenges can be found, ask who benefits from acts of conservation. In the second and third stages, consideration must also be given to ability to pay.