bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walking Pace Is Associated with Lower Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
Authors: CELIS-MORALES CARLOS A. , GRAY STUART , PETERMANN FANNY , ILIODROMITI STAMATINA , WELSH PAUL , LYALL DONALD M. , ANDERSON JANA , PELLICORI PIERPAOLO , MACKAY DANIEL F. , PELL JILL P. , SATTAR NAVEED , GILL JASON M. R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Walking pace is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Whether this association extends to other health outcomes and whether it is independent of total amount of time walked are currently unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether usual walking pace is associated with a range of health outcomes.

Methods
UK Biobank participants (318,185 [54%] women) age 40 to 69 yr were included. Walking pace and total walking time were self-reported. The outcomes comprised: all-cause mortality as well as incidence and mortality from CVD, respiratory disease and cancer. The associations were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
Over a mean of 5.0 yr [ranging from 3.3 to 7.8], 5890 participants died, 18,568 developed CVD, 5430 respiratory disease and 19,234 cancer. In a fully adjusted model, compared to slow pace walkers, men and women, respectively, with a brisk pace having lower risk of mortality from all-causes (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–0.90 and HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62–0.85), CVD (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50–0.76 and HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73–0.88), respiratory disease (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43–0.78 and HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57–0.77), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12–0.56 and HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.16–0.49). No associations were found for all-cause cancer, colorectal, and breast cancer. However, brisk walking was associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer.

Conclusions
Walking pace is associated with lower risk of a wide range of important health conditions, independently of overall time spent walking.
Accelerometer Data Processing and Energy Expenditure Estimation in Preschoolers
Authors: MIGUELES JAIRO H. , DELISLE NYSTRÖM CHRISTINE , HENRIKSSON PONTUS , CADENAS-SANCHEZ CRISTINA , ORTEGA FRANCISCO B. , LÖF MARIE 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To assess the capacity of different acceleration metrics from wrist accelerations to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) using doubly labeled water in preschool children.

Methods
Thirty-nine preschoolers (5.5 ± 0.1 yr) were included. Total energy expenditure was measured using doubly labeled water during 14 d, and AEE was then calculated using a predicted basal metabolic rate. Participants wore a wGT3X-BT accelerometer on their nondominant wrist for ≥5 d. We derived the following metrics from raw accelerations: raw ActiGraph activity counts using the normal filter and the low-frequency extension; and alternate summary metrics, such as the Euclidian norm minus 1g (ENMO), Euclidian norm of the high-pass-filtered accelerations (HFEN), the bandpass-filtered accelerations, the HFEN plus Euclidean norm of low-pass filtered accelerations minus 1g (HFEN+) and the mean amplitude deviation.

Results
Alternate summary metrics explained a larger proportion of the variance in TEE and AEE than ActiGraph’s activity counts (counts, 7–8 and 25% of TEE and AEE; alternate summary metrics, 13%–16% and 35%–39% of TEE and AEE). Adjustments for body weight and height resulted in an explanation of 51% of AEE by ENMO. All of the metrics adjusted for fat mass and fat-free mass explained up to 84% and 67% of TEE and AEE, respectively.

Conclusions
ENMO and the other alternate summary metrics explained more of the variance in TEE and AEE than the ActiGraph’s activity counts in 5-yr-old children, suggesting further exploration of these variables in studies on physical activity and energy expenditure in preschoolers. Our results need confirmation in other populations with wider age groups and varying body compositions.
Twenty-Year Trajectories of Physical Activity Types from Midlife to Old Age
Authors: AGGIO DANIEL , PAPACHRISTOU EFSTATHIOS , PAPACOSTA OLIA , LENNON LUCY T. , ASH SARAH , WHINCUP PETER H. , WANNAMETHEE S. GOYA , JEFFERIS BARBARA J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Correlates of physical activity (PA) vary according to type. However, predictors of long-term patterns of PA types into old age are unknown. This study aimed to identify 20-yr trajectories of PA types into old age and their predictors.

Methods
Seven thousand seven hundred thirty-five men (age, 40–59 yr) recruited from UK towns in 1978 to 1980 were followed up after 12, 16, and 20 yr. Men reported participation in sport/exercise, recreational activity and walking, health status, lifestyle behaviors and socio-demographic characteristics. Group-based trajectory modeling identified the trajectories of PA types and associations with time-stable and time-varying covariates.

Results
Men with ≥3 measures of sport/exercise (n = 5116), recreational activity (n = 5085) and walking (n = 5106) respectively were included in analyses. Three trajectory groups were identified for sport/exercise, four for recreational activity and three for walking. Poor health, obesity and smoking were associated with reduced odds of following a more favorable trajectory for all PA types. A range of socioeconomic, regional and lifestyle factors were also associated with PA trajectories but the magnitude and direction were specific to PA type. For example, men with manual occupations were less likely to follow a favorable sport/exercise trajectory but more likely to follow an increasing walking trajectory compared to men with nonmanual occupations. Retirement was associated with increased PA but this was largely due to increased sport/exercise participation.

Conclusions
Physical activity trajectories from middle to old age vary by activity type. The predictors of these trajectories and effects of major life events, such as retirement, are also specific to the type of PA.
First record of the bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus in Greece
Authors: Petrakis Panos V. 
Published: October 2018

The Australian bug species Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpineto et Dellapè (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) is reported for the first time in Greece. This is a sap-sucking consumer (mesophyll feeder) of Eucalyptus spp. foliage. Feeding damage and the egg batches of the insect were found in several locations in 2016. This invasive species recently has been recorded from Portugal, Spain, and Italy. Although in Greece there are no currently forest plantations of eucalypts (experimental plantations exempted), this insect is a serious pest of these trees in roadside verges and city parks.
Classification and characterisation of brain network changes in chronic back pain: A multicenter study
Authors: Mano Hiroaki , Kotecha Gopal , Leibnitz Kenji , Matsubara Takashi , Sprenger Christian , Nakae Aya , Shenker Nicholas , Shibata Masahiko , Voon Valerie , Yoshida Wako , Lee Michael , Yanagida Toshio , Kawato Mitsuo , Rosa Maria Joao , Seymour Ben 
Published: October 2018

Background. Chronic pain is a common, often disabling condition thought to involve a combination of peripheral and central neurobiological factors. However, the extent and nature of changes in the brain is poorly understood. Methods. We investigated brain network architecture using resting-state fMRI data in chronic back pain patients in the UK and Japan (41 patients, 56 controls), as well as open data from USA. We applied machine learning and deep learning (conditional variational autoencoder architecture) methods to explore classification of patients/controls based on network connectivity. We then studied the network topology of the data, and developed a multislice modularity method to look for consensus evidence of modular reorganisation in chronic back pain. Results. Machine learning and deep learning allowed reliable classification of patients in a third, independent open data set with an accuracy of 63%, with 68% in cross validation of all data. We identified robust evidence of network hub disruption in chronic pain, most consistently with respect to clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality. We found a consensus pattern of modular reorganisation involving extensive, bilateral regions of sensorimotor cortex, and characterised primarily by negative reorganisation - a tendency for sensorimotor cortex nodes to be less inclined to form pairwise modular links with other brain nodes. Furthermore, these regions were found to display increased connectivity with the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, a region known to be involved in endogenous pain control. In contrast, intraparietal sulcus displayed a propensity towards positive modular reorganisation, suggesting that it might have a role in forming modules associated with the chronic pain state. Conclusion. The results provide evidence of consistent and characteristic brain network changes in chronic pain, characterised primarily by extensive reorganisation of the network architecture of the sensorimotor cortex.
Passenger Advice and Rolling Stock Rescheduling Under Uncertainty for Disruption Management
Authors: van der Hurk Evelien , Kroon Leo , Maróti Gábor 
Published: October 2018

Operators and passengers need to adjust their plans in cases of large-scale disruptions in railway networks. Where most previous research has focused on the operators, this paper studies the combined support of both in a system where passengers have free route choice. In cases of disruption, passengers receive route advice, which they are not required to follow: passengers’ route choice depends on the route advice and the timetable information available to them. Simultaneous to providing advice, rolling stock is rescheduled to accommodate the anticipated passenger demand. The duration of the disruption is uncertain, and passenger flows arise from a complex interaction between the passengers’ route choices and the seat capacity allocated to the trains. We present an optimization-based algorithm that aims to minimize passenger inconvenience through provision of route advice and rolling stock rescheduling, where the advice optimization and rolling stock rescheduling modules are supported by a passenger simulation model. The algorithm aims to include and evaluate solutions under realistic passenger behavior assumptions. Our computational tests on realistic instances of Netherlands Railways indicate that the addition of the travel advice effectively improves the service quality to the passengers more than only rescheduling rolling stock, even when not all passengers follow the advice. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0759 .
The Fentanyl Epidemic and Evolution of Fentanyl Analogs in the United States and the European Union
Authors: Jannetto Paul J , Helander Anders , Garg Uttam , Janis Gregory C , Goldberger Bruce , Ketha Hemamalini 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Since 2013, an unprecedented surge in fentanyl overdose deaths has been caused by heroin laced with illicitly produced fentanyl and/or fentanyl analogs (FAs) sold as heroin. The US Drug Enforcement Agency's National Forensic Laboratory Information System reported a &gt;300% increase in fentanyl encounters from 4697 in 2014 to 14440 in 2015. In 2015, the CDC reported 9580 deaths caused by synthetic opioids, primarily fentanyl, a 72% increase from 2014. The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction has also encountered several new FAs in the heroin supply. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals containing mixtures of fentanyl and FAs continue to be a poorly recognized worldwide problem despite the WHO classifying several FAs as a serious threat to public health.

CONTENT
This review covers the epidemiology of fentanyl abuse and discusses the clinical practice implications of widespread fentanyl abuse. It includes a historical perspective on the illicit FAs that have appeared in the US and European Union and reviews the methods available to identify FAs and emerging technologies useful for identifying previously undescribed analogs. A compilation of structural and mass spectral data on FAs reported thus far is provided.

SUMMARY
Fentanyl and FAs have evolved into a global public health threat. It is important to understand the analytical, clinical, and regulatory efforts underway to assist communities affected by the current fentanyl epidemic.
MEDICAMENTO PARA TRATAMENTO DA HEPATITE C: DA APROVAÇÃO DO MEDICAMENTO GENÉRICO SOFOSBUVIR PELA ANVISA ÀS DIFICULDADES SOCIAIS E COMERCIAIS.
Authors: Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de , Silveira Dâmaris 
Published: October 2018

A hepatite C, uma infecção viral causada pelo vírus HCV, caracterizada por icterícia, febre, náusea, dor abdominal, urina e fezes escuras, dentre outros sintomas. Em 80% dos casos a infecção persiste por mais de seis meses e, nestes casos, a doença se torna crônica e, em 20% dos casos pode evoluir para cirrose hepática e câncer de fígado. A hepatite C é um problema de saúde pública global, que possui estimativa de cerca de 70 milhões de indivíduos com a infecção crônica, sendo que cerca d 400.000 indivíduos morrem a cada ano, principalmente devido a cirrose ou carcinoma hepatocelular. Entre as causas mais graves de transmissão da doença estão a transfusão de sangue e o compartilhamento de diversos tipos de materiais, como por exemplo agulhas de injeção, ou por contato com fluídos biológicos, particularmente da mucosa oral. A taxa de incidência da doença no Brasil em 2017 foi de 11,9 casos por 100 mil habitantes. Entretanto, mais de um milhão de pessoas tiveram contato com o vírus do tipo C.
INTERAÇÕES ENTRE MEDICAMENTOS SUJEITOS A CONTROLE ESPECIAL DISPENSADOS NA FARMÁCIA DISTRITAL CENTRO DE PORTO ALEGRE, RS, BRASIL
Authors: Pasqualotto Adriane , Rodrigues Bitencourt Paula Eliete , Nietiedt Natália Azuaga , De Paula Leonardo Fernandes , Nogueira Rafael de Oliveira , Gomez Rosane 
Published: October 2018

A politerapia é uma prática útil no tratamento de patologias coexistentes ou para potencializar o efeito farmacológico em condições pouco responsivas, porém apresenta um grande risco para interações medicamentosas. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar em prescrições atendidas pela Farmácia Distrital Centro em Porto Alegre, RS, as interações medicamentosas de medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial e classificá-las quanto a potenciais interações medicamentosas e grau de severidade com auxílio da base de dados MICROMEDEX®. Após análise de 2.839 receituários, os resultados mostraram que grande parte dos pacientes pertencia ao sexo feminino e que 75% do total das prescrições apresentavam algum tipo de interação. Das 291 associações analisadas, 44,4% apresentavam risco forte de interação, 23,9% risco moderado e 6,5% risco leve. A maioria das interações com risco forte apresentava como principal risco a cardiotoxicidade. A elevada frequência de interações e o risco de efeitos tóxicos, aponta para a necessidade de um sistema adequado de informações sobre o uso de medicamentos e de orientação farmacêutica nessas unidades de saúde.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE XAMPUS ANTICASPA
Authors: Da Silva Denner Alípio , Carmo Egberto Santos , De Azevedo Maria da Glória Batista , Souza Júlia Beatriz Pereira 
Published: October 2018

As micoses superficiais são infecções fúngicas localizadas em diversas partes do corpo, estando entre os principais motivos de consultas dermatológicas. Dentre as micoses superficiais mais comuns a caspa e a dermatite seborreica se destacam por terem distribuição universal, sendo frequentemente associadas à colonização por fungos do gênero Malassezia. Xampus contendo diferentes ativos antifúngicos como piritionato de zinco, cetoconazol e ciclopirox olamina, são os principais meios de tratamento para tais afecções. Estes produtos, por terem amplo uso pela população, têm a necessidade de comprovação de sua qualidade, verificando também a sua efetividade, através do controle de qualidade. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade de xampus anticaspa, levando em consideração as exigências para produtos com essa finalidade. Foram realizadas análises da composição química rotulada, das características físico-químicas (pH, viscosidade, teste de centrífuga, densidade), organolépticas, índice de espuma e ensaios de eficácia microbiológica, utilizando Candida albicans e Aspergillus niger como marcadores biológicos de eficácia. Após a realização dos testes em cinco amostras comerciais, todas foram aprovadas quanto à analise organoléptica e teste de centrifuga. Enquanto que em relação ao pH, a amostra 4 mostrou-se fora dos padrões. No teste de viscosidade, apenas a amostra 5 apresentou em conformidade com o descrito na literatura. Os valores de densidade foram ligeiramente maiores que os encontrados na literatura, no entanto, não há influência deste parâmetro na qualidade dos produtos avaliados. No índice de espuma as amostras 1 e 2, apresentaram maior consistência da espuma. Após o ensaio de eficácia, apenas as amostras 1, 2 e 3 mostraram-se eficazes no combate aos microrganismos teste. Todas as amostras apresentaram ativos anticaspa com ação comprovada na literatura.
Thai university students studying in China: Identity, imagined communities, and communities of practice
Authors: Teng (Mark) Feng , Bui Gavin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Previous research on studying abroad has documented the value of exploring students’ interactions with the members of their host community with a focus on the theoretical concepts of identity, imagined communities, and communities of practice. Following this line of research, this qualitative study breaks new ground through investigating how nine Thai students studying in China navigated the complex process of identity negotiation in their imagined communities and communities of practice. This investigation revisits intercultural sensitivity, proximity and boundaries in exploring how the students’ communities of practice afforded different opportunities to demonstrate their identities. The findings reveal that the students envisioned belonging to an imagined community of foreign students in China by demonstrating the identities of cross-cultural mediators and dedicated language learners. However, the misalignment between the students’ imaginations and the realities in their host communities caused predicaments with their identity negotiation. The Thai students’ multi-layered experiences and the social contexts of Chinese language learning influenced their identities, which in turn mediated their senses of belonging to imagined communities of Chinese speakers, and their self-perceived Chinese language competencies. Relevant pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed.
Planetary Magnetic Fields and Habitability in Super Earths
Authors: Cuartas-Restrepo Pablo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This work seeks to summarize some special aspects of a type of exoplanets known as super-Earths (SE), and the direct influence of these aspects in their habitability. Physical processes like the internal thermal evolution and the generation of a protective Planetary Magnetic Field (PMF) are directly related with habitability. Other aspects such as rotation and the formation of a solid core are fundamental when analyzing the possibilities that a SE would have to be habitable. This work analyzes the fundamental theoretical aspects on which the models of thermal evolution and the scaling laws of the planetary dynamos are based. These theoretical aspects allow to develop models of the magnetic evolution of the planets and the role played by the PMF in the protection of the atmosphere and the habitability of the planet.
Spreading the standard:The nineteenth-century standardization of Icelandic and the first Icelandic novel
Authors: Bernharðsson Haraldur 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA literary standard for Icelandic was created in the nineteenth century. The main architects of this standard were scholars of Old Norse-Icelandic language and literature who turned to the language of the medieval Icelandic literature for linguistic models. Consequently, the resulting standard included a number of features from earlier stages of the language. This standard was successfully implemented despite the relatively weak institutional infrastructure in nineteenth-century Iceland. It is argued in this paper that the first Icelandic novel,Piltur og stúlka, appearing in 1850 and again in a revised edition in 1867, played an important role in spreading the standard. The novel championed the main ideological tenets of the prevailing language policy, and at the same time it was a showcase for the new standard. A rural love story set in contemporary Iceland, the novel was a welcome literary innovation. Most importantly, the subject matter appealed to children and adolescents in their formative years, and the novel thus became a powerful and persuasive vehicle for the new linguistic standard.
Being a journalist in a multilingual country: Representations of Dutch among Belgian French-speaking journalists
Authors: Bouko Catherine , Standaert Olivier , Vandendaele Astrid 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we examine how the francophone TV audience is introduced to the Flemish community and its language through daily news broadcasts. More specifically, our research looks at how the Dutch language is used when francophone journalists prepare and produce their reports – during all stages of the process –, up until the actual broadcast. We therefore conducted 15 qualitative interviews with TV news journalists employed by the Belgian French-speaking public broadcaster. The interviews were organized around eight topics, e.g. the place of Dutch in the newsroom and the languages chosen during interactions with Dutch-speaking interviewees. From a discursive point of view, we focused on the selected lexical terms and rhetorical tropes (the various uses of the litotes, in particular) to unpack the journalists’ practices, in relation to their representations of Dutch. Our study provides notable insights into their representation of the differences between French- and Dutch-speaking Belgians as a generational issue, their tendency to assess their proficiency in Dutch measured against bilingualism, as well as their wish to beat the cliché of “the unilingual French-speaker”. These observations are coupled with criteria which explain why French might be preferred in the end: the TV audience’s comfort, general intelligibility and subtitling constraints.
Polity Stability, Economic Growth, and Investment: A Dynamic Panel Analysis
Authors: Yanıkkaya Halit , Turan Taner 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we empirically examine the effect of polity stability on economic growth and investment by using the dynamic panel estimation techniques for more than 100 countries over the period 1960–2009. Our initial results imply that democracy reduces growth in both developed and developing countries. However, there is no evidence for the existence of a significant effect of the democracy level on the overall, public and private investment. Our results also suggest that the growth and investment effects of polity stability proxied by regime durability and polity fragility measures greatly differ in developing and developed countries. Our empirical results indicate that polity stability promotes growth only in developing countries. It seems that regime durability and polity fragility affect economic growth mainly through investment. We also make a distinction between public and private investment when examining the effects of polity stability. It seems that the durability and fragility matter for private investment. Therefore, developing countries ought to put solid efforts to lessen polity instability to promote economic growth.