bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considering Gay Realisms in Canadian Theater
Authors: Alexandrowicz Conrad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter the author reviews in brief the history of realist representation in the theater, the criteria for which emerged in classical Greece, in particular in the fragmentary text that is the Poetics, by philosopher Aristotle. Realism is a relatively recent arrival on the scene of theatrical practice and remains only one style among many when considered globally. Despite vigorous and successful explorations in various expressive directions, it remains the dominant form of theatrical expression in North America, often following the procedures employed in film and television. Focusing on dramatic writing by gay playwrights in Canada, the writer observes that even members of a marginalized group, gay men, have tended to situate their work in the dramatic style of the dominant culture, despite their nondominant status. Explicitly gay plays emerged in tandem with the onset of the AIDS epidemic, which arrived first in the United States and then spread to Canada; much of the dramatic writing of the latter decades of the twentieth century was profoundly marked by this crisis. The writer speculates that the devastations wrought by AIDS prompted artists who might otherwise have embraced more adventurous forms of dramaturgy to situate their work on the ground of realism, given its capacity to establish potent identification on the part of the spectator with the plight of dramatic characters.
The Work of Realism, Shin, and Materia Medica in Nineteenth-Century Japan
Authors: Fukuoka Maki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter elaborates on a type of pictorial realism that thrived in early modern Japan. It focuses on medical and herbal texts from the Tokugawa period, where scholars and medical practitioners known as the Shōhyaku-sha questioned the pictorial and textual accuracy of the books they studied. This entry introduces the significance of pictorial methods and processes in evaluating and accepting the accuracy of received knowledge. A printing method known as ink-rubbing offers a critical insight as a mechanism by which medical doctors and enthusiasts revealed and acknowledged the realness of their encounter with represented specimens. The realism of the pictures in this context does not rely on symbolic schemata often associated with western pictorial realism, such as one-point linear perspective. Instead, these images cohere with a set of realist values hinging on ontology, epistemology, and accessibility, which emerged in Japan out of urgent necessity in local pursuit of medical knowledge. This chapter challenges and decenters the idea of European preeminence in realism and examines how, among the Shōhyaku-sha, a small group in Owari, Japan, the notion of the real has been articulated and negotiated visually, textually, and experientially. By historicizing the primary material and contextualizing it within its local context, one can begin to probe the possibilities of other forms and manifestations of realism.
Realism, Neorealism, and Hyperrealism in Argentine Cinema
Authors: Kroll Juli A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Argentine film industry traces its narrative arc from its realist origins, through neorealist influences, to a burgeoning hyperrealism that addresses previously underrepresented themes of race, ethnicity, social class, gender, and sexualities. Since the Nueva Ola movement of the 1960s, Argentinean cinema had gained international recognition, further bolstered by the creation of film schools in Buenos Aires and the enactment of the New Cinema Law of 1994. This legislation, which endowed the Instituto Nacional de Cine y Artes Audiovisuales, also lent substantial support to events like the Mar del Plata International Film Festival. Concurrently, initiatives such as the Historias breves short film contest, inaugurated in 1995, provided a platform for emerging talents like Adrián Caetano, Daniel Burman, Bruno Stagnaro, and Lucrecia Martel. In the mid-1990s, amidst a surge in funding and educational structures, New Argentine Cinema emerged as a pivotal force. Its cinematically realistic portrayal of Argentina resonated with viewers navigating the aftermath of the dictatorship. This chapter explores the realist origins and neorealist inclinations of New Argentine Cinema during the 1990s and early 2000s. Furthermore, it aims to critically analyze the hyperrealistic representations of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality in the works of Lucrecia Martel and Albertina Carri. Specifically, attention will be directed toward Martel’s The Swamp (2001) and The Holy Girl (2004), as well as select films by Carri. These films are notable for their multilayered narratives where exaggerated sounds, unconventional pacing, and distinct cinematography converge to activate viewers and challenge established norms of representation.
Realist Physiognomies and the Japanese Modernist Novel
Authors: Bamba Satoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The birth of physiognomic description in the novel was a transnational event that marked a break in the history of modern Japanese literature. In his theoretical and practical treatise, The Essence of the Novel (1885–1886), Tsubouchi Shōyō attempted to renew the traditional shōsetsu (novel) genre originating in ancient China by modeling it on English novels. He also preached the need for a detailed description of the physiognomy of the hero based on the principles of Western physiognomy and phrenology. Though his attempt to realize the idea through the novel Characters of Present-Day Students (1885–1886) is generally considered a literary failure, Shōyō’s call for genre innovation was taken over by his disciple, Futabatei Shimei. Futabatei, who had a deep knowledge of Russian literature, began The Drifting Clouds (1887–1889) with a Gogolian physiological description of the street masses and, after rapid stylistic evolution, stopped with a mysterious portrait of the heroine. Further steps in realist physiognomies were taken by modernist Natsume Sōseki. In Pillow of Grass (1906), which he considered an attempt at writing a novel without a plot, Sōseki depicts the frustrations of a painter who tries to make a picture of a young widow he met at a hot spring inn and intersperses it with the painter’s aesthetic meditations on the limits of poetry and painting inspired by Lessing’s Laocoon. Here the question about the possibility of representing a womans’s face leads to the question about the possibility of writing a novel.
Early Modern Intersections between Music and Poetry
Authors: Ciabattoni Francesco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the tension between “low” and “high” literature and between the oral and written traditions in Italian poetry composed for a musical setting, as well as poetry later set to music. Focusing on case studies from Dante Alighieri to Francis Petrarch, Torquato Tasso, and various anonymous lyricists, this chapter shows how their lyrics—whether expressly written for musical performance or later set to music by composers—combine exquisitely Italian elements (historical, cultural, or literary) with universal themes such as politics, love, and theology. Italianness reveals itself naturally through certain themes that recur across the centuries: while Dante and Tasso develop the themes of love, conflict, and theology, folk ballads explore food and mundane pleasures (often with erotic allusions), and the texts by Petrarch and the anonymous madrigals focus on Italy’s political woes in their various historical and cultural contexts.
Liberalization, Privatization, and Stabilization
Authors: Popov Vladimir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The debate between shock therapists and gradualists that centered on the issue of the pace of liberalization, privatization, and stabilization overlooked the crucial importance of institutions for economic growth. The magnitude of the transformational recession was determined mostly by initial conditions (distortions in industrial structure and trade patterns), the weakening of the institutional capacity of the state, and better or worse macroeconomic and industrial policies. On all three counts, most former Soviet Union (FSU) countries fell behind Central and Eastern European (CEE) states, not to mention China and Vietnam, and hence experienced poorer performance. The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) model of economic transformation appears to be close to the Latin American one: weak state, unable either to eliminate redistribution in favor of inefficient enterprises and sectors of the economy openly, and thus resorting to hidden redistribution (inflation tax, debt financing, price controls, overvalued exchange rate, and accumulation of nonpayments by noncompetitive industries).
Consumer Prices, Surplus Cash, and the Struggle to Raise Living Standards in the Postwar Soviet Union
Authors: Ironside Kristy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys the Soviet government’s attempts to use consumer price policy to balance the population’s income and expenses, and thus raise living standards, after the Second World War. Consumer prices were already highly politicized under Stalin before the war, but this became especially true after 1949, when his government launched a policy of annual consecutive price cuts. Though these cuts were portrayed as the main driver of real wages, in fact, they were based not on increased supply but on heavy subsidies, and therefore only exacerbated shortages. Even after the policy was abandoned, and as discussions emerged among both leaders and economists about how to rationalize price policy and put an end to subsidies, prices remained highly politicized up until the Soviet collapse, limiting their use as a tool to balance income and expenses. In the meantime, artificially low prices contributed to a growing glut of unspendable cash in the economy, much of which ended up in savings accounts. The Soviet government, in sum, never managed to effectively use consumer prices to balance the population’s income and expenses, imposing a long-term constraint on living standards in the postwar period.
The Right to Assemble in Times of Emergency and the Encroachment of Counterterrorism
Authors: Manion Megan L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the right of peaceful assembly in times of emergency. Specifically, it delves into state practices centred on the use (or nonuse) of derogations and emergency powers including those invoked on the grounds of terrorism/counterterrorism, and those during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on country case studies, it illustrates unique categories of restriction and the differential impacts for certain groups in exercising their right of peaceful assembly. These include civil society groups critical of government responses to terrorism and victims’ associations, among others. The chapter argues that the mobilization of counterterrorism as a rationale for the use of emergency powers at the national level, paired with deference within the United Nations counterterrorism architecture to counterterrorism laws and policies, is contributing to intensified pressures on the right of peaceful assembly and the broader human rights realizations that it enables.
Peace and Transitional Justice
Authors: Richmond Oliver P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Debates about peace and justice have long been locked into a stalemate over whether one negates or supports the other. The legitimacy of peacebuilding was based originally on human rights and democracy, and later upon local ownership and social claims. Increasingly geopolitics and geo-economics have blocked the deepening of the peace agenda in the light of subaltern claims, post-colonialism, law, and global justice. Transitional justice debates can be seen as both a palliative and the outcome of this stalemate. This debate cannot be resolved without advancing our understanding of peace from the agreement or state level to a contemporaneous understanding, and extending the concept of justice that is generally referred to from a micro to a global level to take account of temporal, historical, distributive, environmental, and related matters on a local to global scale.
Migration and Asylum
Authors: Fremuth Michael Lysander 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to examine the various dimensions and characteristics of LGBTI migration. Absent a general right to immigrate to a foreign country, no human right to migration in the sense of a global freedom of movement exists on the international plane. Thus, people who intend to move voluntarily from their home state to live in a foreign country might depend on a permission which can be granted by the pertinent state under conditions, in general, freely chosen. It is still limitations on the states’ competence to decide upon their immigration policies that require a justification. Even if it remains difficult to argue in favour of a human right to be granted political asylum under public international law, several avenues of protection exist. Persons who are forced to leave their home country for reasons of individual political persecution or other forms of massive human rights violations can enjoy protection under the rule of non-refoulement as refugees under the Geneva Refugee Convention, as well as under subsidiary and temporary protection, in particular under human rights law. Furthermore, persons can enjoy a right to enter a country and reside there within the context of protection of family unity and reunification. All these assumptions equally apply to persons belonging or being attributed to the LGBTI community, although they can be presumed to be in a special situation, often characterized by a high level of vulnerability, non-recognition and discrimination.
Oil and Authoritarianism?
Authors: Haber Stephen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A substantial political economy literature claims that an abundance of natural resource wealth—most particularly crude oil—creates and perpetuates authoritarian regimes. Improvements in statistical techniques and data generation over the past decade have allowed scholars to evaluate that claim. That new literature finds that the evidence is inconsistent with law-like statements about the effect of crude-oil abundance on authoritarianism. The rise and fall of the resource-curse hypothesis may therefore be instructive as scholars advance and test other theories about the distribution of authoritarianism and democracy around the planet. Specifically, it suggests the importance of taking history seriously both in the testing of theories and in their development.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 and transcription factors ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 and ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE6 integrate light signaling and root hair development
Authors: Zhang Tianen , Zhu Jingjuan , Liu Yang , Pei Yanfei , Pei Yayue , Wei Zhenzhen , Miao Pengfei , Peng Jun , Li Fuguang , Wang Zhi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Light signaling plays a substantial role in regulating plant development, including the differentiation and elongation of single-celled tissue. However, the identity of the regulatory machine that affects light signaling on root hair cell (RHC) development remains unclear. Here, we investigated how darkness inhibits differentiation and elongation of RHC in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that light promotes the growth and development of RHC. RNA-seq analysis showed that light signaling regulates the differentiation of RHC by promoting the expression of specific genes in the root epidermis associated with cell wall remodeling, jasmonic acid, auxin, and ethylene signaling pathways. Together, these genes integrate light and phytohormone signals with root hair (RH) development. Our investigation also revealed that the core light signal factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) directly interacts with the key RH development factor ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE6 (RHD6), which promotes the transcription of RSL4. However, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) repressed the RHD6 function through the COP1–HY5 complex. Our genetic studies confirm associations between RHD6, HY5, and COP1, indicating that RHD6 largely depends on HY5 for RH development. Ultimately, our work suggests a central COP1–HY5–RHD6 regulatory module that integrates light signaling and RH development with several downstream pathways, offering perspectives to decipher single-celled RH development.
Future climate and land use changes challenge current dependencies on wild food harvesting by rural indigenous communities
Authors: García Molinos Jorge , Yamada Daichi , Parilova Varvara , Khasanov Shokhrukh , Gabyshev Viacheslav , Makarov Andrey , Narita Daiju , Okhlopkov Innokentiy , Zhang Zhixin , Sakapaji Stephen C , Gavrilyeva Tuyara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Traditional food systems support the livelihoods and well-being of rural Indigenous communities, particularly in remote, asset-poor areas. However, the diversity of wild foods is in global decline under the accelerating impacts of climate and environmental change with major but poorly understood implications for dependent communities. Here, we combine a comprehensive systematic household survey involving 400 households from 18 rural Indigenous settlements across the Republic of Sakha, a vast and climate change sensitive region in the Russian Far East, with species distribution models for 51 food species of animals, plants, and fungi to (i) profile current household dependencies on wild food harvesting; (ii) project future (2050s) changes in the regional distribution and local availability of wild foods under alternative climate and land use change scenarios; and (iii) discuss their combined potential implications. We find that current dependencies, understood as shares of the total food consumed and income by household, are on average relatively low across settlements, albeit with important regional variability. Remote and isolated settlements in the Arctic region of the Republic of Sakha have greater levels of dependency with stronger links to animal products, while those in the southern and central regions, which are better connected and closer to major urban areas, have lower levels of dependency and are dominated by nonanimal products (plant-based products and fungi). These dependency patterns contrast with projected changes in the regional distribution and local availability of food species, signaling major turnovers of species with important potential implications for dependent rural livelihoods.
Pain management in people with inflammatory arthritis: British Society for Rheumatology guideline scope
Authors: Scott Ian C , Babatunde Opeyemi , Barker Christopher , Beesley Rebecca , Beesley Richard , Birkinshaw Hollie , Brooke Mel , Chaplin Hema , Chapman Lara , Ciurtin Coziana , Dale James , Dockrell Dervil , Dures Emma , Harrison Kathyrn , Jani Meghna , Lee Charlotte , McCarron Maura , Mallen Christian D , O’Connor Assie , Pidgeon Claire , Pincus Tamar , Pratt Dee , Prior Yeliz , Raza Karim , Rutter-Locher Zoe , Sharma Seema , Shaw Katie , Small Samantha , Smith Tilli , Tiffin Lesley , Tsigarides Jordan , Xenophontos Mikalena , Shenker Nicholas G 
Published: November 2024

Executive Summary
Pain is a common symptom in people with inflammatory arthritis (IA), which has far-reaching impacts on their lives. Recent electronic health record studies demonstrate that UK-based pain care in people with IA commonly involves the prescribing of long-term opioids and gabapentinoids, despite an absence of trial evidence for their efficacy. Patient surveys suggest that non-pharmacological pain management is underused. A UK-specific guideline on pain management for people with IA is required to resolve this. This scoping document outlines the context and prioritized clinical questions for the first British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) guideline on pain management for people with IA. The guideline aims to provide evidence-based recommendations on how pain can be best managed in people with IA (including its assessment, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments), ensuring that people with IA in the UK are offered evidence-based pain management strategies. The guideline is for healthcare professionals involved in the care of people with IA of all ages and genders, people with IA and their families and carers, NHS managers and healthcare commissioners, and other relevant stakeholders such as patient organizations. It will be developed using the methods outlined in the BSR’s ‘Creating Clinical Guidelines’ protocol.
Cell-integrated serum-induced signalling patterns can differentiate between hand and knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Neefjes Margot , Housmans Bas A C , Kaffa Charlotte , Thielen Nathalie G M , Joosten Leo A B , van den Ende Cornelia H M , Vitters Elly L , van den Akker Guus G H , Welting Tim J M , van Caam Arjan P M , van der Kraan Peter M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
OA is a very heterogeneous disease. Here, we aimed to differentiate OA patients based on their serum-induced cell-integrated signalling patterns.

Design
In order to monitor the activity of different cellular homeostasis-regulating pathways in response to patient serum, we analysed the response of human OA serum samples to 16 cell-based transcription factor luciferase reporter assays. In this study we compared serum samples from 55 patients with knee OA, 56 patients with hand OA and 42 healthy controls.

Results
Differential serum-induced pathway activity was observed between samples from healthy controls, knee OA and hand OA patients: serum of hand OA patients induced high MAPK-related AP1 activity whereas serum of knee OA patients induced more SRE, ISRE and SOX9 activity, which is related to ELK1-SRF, STAT1-STAT2 and SOX9 activity, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that these differences differentiate hand OA from knee OA. Both hand and knee OA clustered clearly in two different endotypes each, but no principle component could be identified of these subtypes within either the hand OA or the knee OA sample group.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that serum from hand OA and knee OA patients evokes diverse cellular signalling patterns that differentiates hand OA, knee OA and healthy controls. This underlines that the pathomolecular mechanisms of OA are likely significantly different between hand and knee OA, a finding that could lead to new insight into the pathobiology of OA endotypes and joint-specific therapies.