bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixing Effects in Continuous Free‐Radical Solution Copolymerization Tank Reactors: I—Characterization of Residence Time Distributions
Authors: Oechsler Bruno F. , Poblete Israel B.S. , Melo Príamo A. , Pinto José C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe residence time distributions (RTDs) of continuous solution copolymerization tank reactors connected in series are evaluated experimentally to analyze features related to the fluid dynamics of this class of reactors. For this purpose, tracer step experiments are carried out in lab‐scale polymerization tank reactors to provide experimental data for analysis of the quality of mixing and evaluate associated macromixing effects. Besides, mathematical models are developed to describe the RTD data obtained experimentally. Based on a compartmental approach, perfect mixing tanks, tanks with stagnant zones, tanks with crossflow, and tanks in series with backflow models were proposed. Particularly, the analysis of the available experimental data and of mathematical models indicate that the flow features of these systems are strongly associated with the established degree of mixing, presenting significant non‐ideal flow behavior, usually neglected in most modeling and experimental studies.
Air Exposure, Fight Times, and Deep-Hooking Rates of Steelhead Caught in Idaho Fisheries
Authors: Chiaramonte Luciano V. , Meyer Kevin A. , Whitney Don W. , McCormick Joshua L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Potential effects of air exposure and fight times on fish caught and released by anglers have been increasingly studied in recent years, yet little is known about how long anglers actually fight the fish and expose them to air before releasing them. In the present study, air exposure and fight times were measured for anglers catching and releasing fish in popular steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss fisheries in Idaho, and other relevant factors were also recorded such as fishing gear (fly or nonfly), occurrence of anglers photographing their catch, landing method (with net or by hand), and whether the fish was hooked deeply. A total of 432 steelhead were observed being landed, from which 395 fight times and 251 air exposure times were recorded. The longest interval of air exposure for all steelhead caught and released averaged 28.1 s (95% CI, 25.9–31.3 s), and the vast majority of anglers (88%) held steelhead out of water for less than 60 s. Air exposure was not significantly different by gear type but was estimated to be 1.69 times longer if the angler took a photo of their catch; anglers using flies were 58% more likely to photograph their catch than nonfly anglers. Fight time averaged 130 s (95% CI, 119.3–140.7 s) and differed significantly by gear type, with fly anglers taking an estimated 1.54 times longer to land fish than nonfly anglers. Deep-hooking rates were 0% for fly and bait and/or jig terminal tackle and 1% for lures. In the context of previous studies that have measured postrelease mortality of caught-and-released salmonids, the effects of these fight and air exposure times and deep-hooking rates in Idaho steelhead fisheries are likely negligible.
Does assessing urethral function allow the selection of the optimal therapy for recurrent SUI? Report from the ICI‐RS 2017
Authors: Robinson Dudley , Thiagamoorthy Ganesh , Ford Abigail , Araklitis George , Giarenis Ilias , Cardozo Linda 
Published: August 2018

AimsThe management of recurrent stress urinary incontinence following failed previous continence surgery remains challenging. Whilst the role of urodynamic investigations has been questioned in the management of primary stress incontinence there is a widely held view that women with recurrent symptoms require further investigation although there is no agreement regarding which tests are required. We sought to understand what testing is recommended prior to managing this difficult cohort of patients.MethodThis research proposal was presented at the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) in order to clarify our current knowledge regarding the assessment of urethral function and to set research priorities for the future.ResultsWhilst the majority of clinicians would advocate urodynamic evaluation of women with recurrent stress incontinence following previous surgery there is no consensus of opinion as to which tests should be performed, on whom or where. The available evidence to date suggests that urethral function tests do have a role with regard to prognosis following surgery and also in planning the most appropriate surgical intervention.ConclusionThe ICI‐RS developed a list of research questions which may be able to assist in improving the investigation and management of women with recurrent SUI. Questions included whether patients felt the information gained via urethral function tests had an important role in their counseling regarding outcome of repeat SUI surgery.
Effects of spirodiclofen on life history traits and population growth of a spider mite predator Oligota flavicornis (Coleoptera: Staphyllinidae) based on the age‐stage two‐sex life table theory
Authors: Lin Tao , You Yong , Zeng Zhao‐Hua , Chen Yi‐Xin , Chi Hsin , Xia Jin-Mei , Zhao Jian‐Wei , Chen Yong , Tian Hou‐Jun , Wei Hui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDKnowledge of the compatibility between spirodiclofen and the predator Oligota flavicornis is an important aspect for the management of spider mites.RESULTSWe used the age‐stage, two‐sex life table to assess the effects of spirodiclofen on the life history traits and population growth of O. flavicornis. At the maximum recommended concentration (60 mg a.i. L−1) and also at twice the maximum recommended dosage (120 mg a.i. L−1), the preadult stages of O. flavicornis were significantly lengthened, while the adult longevity and fecundity decreased significantly. The finite rate (λ), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and net reproduction rate (R0) decreased, while the mean generation time (T) was longer after both the 60 and 120 mg a.i. L−1 treatments than it was in the control and 30 mg a.i. L−1 treatments. Life expectancy and reproductive value were higher in the control and 30 mg a.i. L−1 treatment than in the 60 and 120 mg a.i. L−1 treatments; the two higher concentrations were detrimental to the development of O. flavicornis.CONCLUSIONA proper combination of the O. flavicornis and spirodiclofen to control the spider mite, while avoiding the side effect of spirodiclofen, could be achieved based on the knowledge of life tables. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Lanthanide Doped Near Infrared Active Upconversion Nanophosphors: Fundamental Concepts, Synthesis Strategies, and Technological Applications
Authors: Lingeshwar Reddy Kumbam , Balaji Ramachandran , Kumar Ashish , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) light utilization in a range of current technologies has gained huge significance due to its abundance in nature and nondestructive properties. NIR active lanthanide (Ln) doped upconversion nanomaterials synthesized in controlled shape, size, and surface functionality can be combined with various pertinent materials for extensive applications in diverse fields. Upconversion nanophosphors (UCNP) possess unique abilities, such as deep tissue penetration, enhanced photostability, low toxicity, sharp emission peaks, long anti‐Stokes shift, etc., which have bestowed them with prodigious advantages over other conventional luminescent materials. As new generation fluorophores, UCNP have found a wide range of applications in various fields. In this Review, a comprehensive overview of lanthanide doped NIR active UCNP is provided by discussing the fundamental concepts including the different mechanisms proposed for explaining the upconversion processes, followed by the different strategies employed for the synthesis of these materials, and finally the technological applications of UCNP, mainly in the fields of bioimaging, drug delivery, sensing, and photocatalysis by highlighting the recent works in these areas. In addition, a brief note on the applications of UCNP in other fields is also provided along with the summary and future perspectives of these materials.
High Areal Capacity Li‐Ion Storage of Binder‐Free Metal Vanadate/Carbon Hybrid Anode by Ion‐Exchange Reaction
Authors: Zhou Chengshuang , Lu Jiamin , Hu Mingxiang , Huang Zheng‐Hong , Kang Feiyu , Lv Ruitao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStoring more energy in a limited device area is very challenging but crucial for the applications of flexible and wearable electronics. Metal vanadates have been regarded as a fascinating group of materials in many areas, especially in lithium‐ion storage. However, there has not been a versatile strategy to synthesize flexible metal vanadate hybrid nanostructures as binder‐free anodes for Li‐ion batteries so far. A convenient and versatile synthesis of MxVyOx+2.5y@carbon cloth (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) composites is proposed here based on a two‐step hydrothermal route. As‐synthesized products demonstrate hierarchical proliferous structure, ranging from nanoparticles (0D), and nanobelts (1D) to a 3D interconnected network. The metal vanadate/carbon hybrid nanostructures exhibit excellent lithium storage capability, with a high areal specific capacity up to 5.9 mAh cm−2 (which equals to 1676.8 mAh g−1) at a current density of 200 mA g−1. Moreover, the nature of good flexibility, mixed valence states, and ultrahigh mass loading density (over 3.5 mg cm−2) all guarantee their great potential in compact energy storage for future wearable devices and other related applications.
BFKL spectrum of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4: non-zero conformal spin
Authors: Alfimov Mikhail , Gromov Nikolay , Sizov Grigory 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe developed a general non-perturbative framework for the BFKL spectrum of planar$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM, based on the Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC). It allows one to study the spectrum in the whole generality, extending previously known methods to arbitrary values of conformal spinn. We show how to apply our approach to reproduce all known perturbative results for the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) Pomeron eigenvalue and get new predictions. In particular, we re-derived the Faddeev-Korchemsky Baxter equation for the Lipatov spin chain with non-zero conformal spin reproducing the corresponding BFKL kernel eigenvalue. We also get new non-perturbative analytic results for the Pomeron eigenvalue in the vicinity of |n| = 1,Δ = 0 point and we obtained an explicit formula for the BFKL intercept function for arbitrary conformal spin up to the 3-loop order in the small coupling expansion and partial result at the 4-loop order. In addition, we implemented the numerical algorithm of [1] as an auxiliary file to this arXiv submission. From the numerical result we managed to deduce an analytic formula for the strong coupling expansion of the intercept function for arbitrary conformal spin.
Transient Rheological Behavior of Semisolid SEED-Processed 7075 Aluminum Alloys in Rapid Compression
Authors: Bolouri Amir , Chen X.-Grant 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The transient rheological behavior and microstructure evolution of semisolid SEED-processed 7075 aluminum alloys were studied using the rapid compression tests. The effects of the TiB2 grain refinement on the grain morphology and size of semisolid slurries were investigated. Results indicated that the grain refiner could reduce the grain size and improve the globularity of α-Al grains. The grain-refined alloy can be easily deformed at a wide range of solid contents (0.42 to 0.53 Fs), in which the deformation level appears to be independent from the solid content. Under the transient state, the apparent viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate to a minimum value and followed by an increase as the shear rate decreased. The apparent viscosity of the base alloy exhibited a dependency on the solid content, while the apparent viscosity of the grain-refined alloy in the decreasing or increasing shear rate periods was not substantially influenced by the solid content. The viscosity as a function of applied shear rate can be described using the power law viscosity model. The differences in the flow behavior index (n) and the consistency index (k) for two alloys were discussed.
The Effect of Garlic Pills on Serum Nitric Oxide and Preeclampsia Prevention in Healthy Nulliparous Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Sehhati Shafa’i Fahimeh , Darvishi Farzaneh , Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Mirghfourvand Mojgan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the effect of garlic pills on serum nitric oxide and preeclampsia prevention in healthy nulliparous pregnant women. This randomized clinical trial was conducted among 215 nulliparous pregnant women. The participants were assigned into control and intervention groups. The intervention and control groups received garlic pills and placebo, respectively for 16 weeks from 20 week of gestation. Serum nitric oxide was measured 12 weeks after the intervention. Women were followed up for preeclampsia until childbirth in several visits. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences software. The mean (standard deviation) of serum nitric oxide level was 151.4 (73.1) μmol in the intervention group and 124.1 (44.1) μmol in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P≤=≤0.029). The prevalence of preeclampsia was 1 (1%) in the intervention group and 5 (5.2%) in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P≤=≤0.094). The use of garlic pills has a significant effect on the elevation of serum nitric oxide levels. Despite the absence of significant statistical differences between the two groups, garlic pills in comparison with placebo reduced the incidence of preeclampsia.
A Tale of Two Cities: Fundamental Rights Protection in Strasbourg and Luxembourg
Authors: O’LEARY Síofra 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article tackles questions relating to the interrelationship between the European Convention on Human Rights and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as well as the roles of the two European courts charged with their interpretation and application, by way of two case studies. The cases chosen address two very different issues—surrogacy and the right to privacy and family life on the one hand, and religious freedom and the wearing of religious symbols in the workplace on the other. On the surrogacy issue the article refers to an Irish Supreme Court case as well as case law from the Strasbourg and Luxembourg courts to illustrate how limits to the jurisdiction of the two European courts is, or is not, clearly articulated and the legal tools used when addressing sensitive legal questions of this nature. As regards the wearing of religious symbols in the workplace, the article concentrates on cases originating in the United Kingdom and France which have been examined by the Strasbourg court and highlights the similarities and differences between that case law and recent judgments of the Luxembourg court, called on, for the first time, to tackle questions of discrimination on grounds of religion with reference to EU anti-discrimination directives and the provisions of the Charter on both equality and religious freedom.
RELATIVELY EXCHANGEABLE STRUCTURES
Authors: CRANE HARRY , TOWSNER HENRY 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study random relational structures that are relatively exchangeable—that is, whose distributions are invariant under the automorphisms of a reference structure ${&#x004D;}$. When ${&#x004D;}$ is ultrahomogeneous and has trivial definable closure, all random structures relatively exchangeable with respect to $m$ satisfy a general Aldous–Hoover-type representation. If ${&#x004D;}$ also satisfies the n-disjoint amalgamation property (n-DAP) for all $n \ge 1$, then relatively exchangeable structures have a more precise description whereby each component depends locally on ${&#x004D;}$.
COMPUTABLE POLISH GROUP ACTIONS
Authors: MELNIKOV ALEXANDER , MONTALBÁN ANTONIO 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing methods from computable analysis, we establish a new connection between two seemingly distant areas of logic: computable structure theory and invariant descriptive set theory. We extend several fundamental results of computable structure theory to the more general setting of topological group actions. As we will see, the usual action of ${S_\infty }$ on the space of structures in a given language is effective in a certain algorithmic sense that we need, and ${S_\infty }$ itself carries a natural computability structure (to be defined). Among other results, we give a sufficient condition for an orbit under effective ${\cal G}$-action of a computable Polish ${\cal G}$ to split into infinitely many disjoint effective orbits. Our results are not only more general than the respective results in computable structure theory, but they also tend to have proofs different from (and sometimes simpler than) the previously known proofs of the respective prototype results.
CONSERVATIVITY OF ULTRAFILTERS OVER SUBSYSTEMS OF SECOND ORDER ARITHMETIC
Authors: MONTALBÁN ANTONIO , SHORE RICHARD A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe extend the usual language of second order arithmetic to one in which we can discuss an ultrafilter over of the sets of a given model. The semantics are based on fixing a subclass of the sets in a structure for the basic language that corresponds to the intended ultrafilter. In this language we state axioms that express the notion that the subclass is an ultrafilter and additional ones that say it is idempotent or Ramsey. The axioms for idempotent ultrafilters prove, for example, Hindman’s theorem and its generalizations such as the Galvin--Glazer theorem and iterated versions of these theorems (IHT and IGG). We prove that adding these axioms to IHT produce conservative extensions of ACA0+IHT,${\rm{ACA}}_{\rm{0}}^ +$, ATR0,${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$-CA0, and${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$-CA0for all sentences of second order arithmetic and for full Z2for the class of${\rm{\Pi }}_4^1$sentences. We also generalize and strengthen a metamathematical result of Wang (1984) to show, for example, that any${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$theorem ∀X∃YΘ(X,Y) provable in ACA0or${\rm{ACA}}_{\rm{0}}^ +$there aree,k∈ ℕ such that ACA0or${\rm{ACA}}_{\rm{0}}^ +$proves that ∀X(Θ(X, Φe(J(k)(X))) where Φeis theeth Turing reduction andJ(k)is thekth iterate of the Turing or Arithmetic jump, respectively. (A similar result is derived for${\rm{\Pi }}_3^1$theorems of${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$-CA0and the hyperjump.)
HAPPY AND MAD FAMILIES INL(ℝ)
Authors: NEEMAN ITAY , NORWOOD ZACH 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe prove that, in the choiceless Solovay model, every set of reals isH-Ramsey for every happy familyHthat also belongs to the Solovay model. This gives a new proof of Törnquist’s recent theorem that there are no infinite mad families in the Solovay model. We also investigate happy families and mad families under determinacy, applying a generic absoluteness result to prove that there are no infinite mad families under$A{D^ + }$.
ABOUT SOME FIXED POINT AXIOMS AND RELATED PRINCIPLES IN KRIPKE–PLATEK ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: JÄGER GERHARD , STEILA SILVIA 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStarting points of this article are fixed point axioms for set-bounded monotone Σ1 definable operators in the context of Kripke–Platek set theory $KP$. We analyze their relationship to other principles such as maximal iterations, bounded proper injections, and Σ1 subset-bounded separation. One of our main results states that in $KP + (V\, = \,L)$ all these principles are equivalent to Σ1 separation.
ABSTRACT INDUCTIVE AND CO-INDUCTIVE DEFINITIONS
Authors: CURI GIOVANNI 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn [G. Curi, On Tarski’s fixed point theorem. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 143 (2015), pp. 4439–4455], a notion of abstract inductive definition is formulated to extend Aczel’s theory of inductive definitions to the setting of complete lattices. In this article, after discussing a further extension of the theory to structures of much larger size than complete lattices, as the class of all sets or the class of ordinals, a similar generalization is carried out for the theory of co-inductive definitions on a set. As a corollary, a constructive version of the general form of Tarski’s fixed point theorem is derived.
RANDOMNESS VIA INFINITE COMPUTATION AND EFFECTIVE DESCRIPTIVE SET THEORY
Authors: CARL MERLIN , SCHLICHT PHILIPP 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study randomness beyond${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$-randomness and its Martin-Löf type variant, which was introduced in [16] and further studied in [3]. Here we focus on a class strictly between${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$and${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^1$that is given by the infinite time Turing machines (ITTMs) introduced by Hamkins and Kidder. The main results show that the randomness notions associated with this class have several desirable properties, which resemble those of classical random notions such as Martin-Löf randomness and randomness notions defined via effective descriptive set theory such as${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$-randomness. For instance, mutual randoms do not share information and a version of van Lambalgen’s theorem holds.Towards these results, we prove the following analogue to a theorem of Sacks. If a real is infinite time Turing computable relative to all reals in some given set of reals with positive Lebesgue measure, then it is already infinite time Turing computable. As a technical tool towards this result, we prove facts of independent interest about random forcing over increasing unions of admissible sets, which allow efficient proofs of some classical results about hyperarithmetic sets.
THE COMPUTATIONAL CONTENT OF INTRINSIC DENSITY
Authors: ASTOR ERIC P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn a previous article, the author introduced the idea of intrinsic density—a restriction of asymptotic density to sets whose density is invariant under computable permutation. We prove that sets with well-defined intrinsic density (and particularly intrinsic density 0) exist only in Turing degrees that are either high (${\bf{a}}\prime { \ge _{\rm{T}}}\emptyset \prime \prime$) or compute a diagonally noncomputable function. By contrast, a classic construction of an immune set in every noncomputable degree actually yields a set with intrinsic lower density 0 in every noncomputable degree.We also show that the former result holds in the sense of reverse mathematics, in that (over RCA0) the existence of a dominating or diagonally noncomputable function is equivalent to the existence of a set with intrinsic density 0.
Identifying voter preferences for politicians’ personal attributes: a conjoint experiment in Japan
Authors: Horiuchi Yusaku , Smith Daniel M. , Yamamoto Teppei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough politicians’ personal attributes are an important component of elections and representation, few studies have rigorously investigated which attributes are most relevant in shaping voters’ preferences for politicians, or whether these preferences vary across different electoral system contexts. We investigate these questions with a conjoint survey experiment using the case of Japan’s mixed-member bicameral system. We find that the attributes preferred by voters are not entirely consistent with the observed attributes of actual politicians. Moreover, voters’ preferences do not vary when asked to consider representation under different electoral system contexts, whereas the observed attributes of politicians do vary across these contexts. These findings point to the role of factors beyond voters’ sincere preferences, such as parties’ recruitment strategies, the effect of electoral rules on the salience of the personal vote, and the availability of different types of politicians, in determining the nature of representation.