bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering integrated mental models of different professional knowledge domains: instructional approaches and model-based analyses
Authors: Lehmann Thomas , Pirnay-Dummer Pablo , Schmidt-Borcherding Florian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent research on expert teachers suggests that an integrated understanding across the core domains of teachers’ knowledge is crucial for their professional competence. However, in initial teacher education pre-service teachers seem to struggle with the integration of knowledge represented in multiple domain-specific sources into a coherent structure (e.g., textbooks that focus either on content knowledge, on content-specific pedagogical knowledge, or on general pedagogical knowledge). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of writing tasks (unspecific vs. argumentative) and prompts (i.e., focus questions) on pre-service teachers’ construction of a mental model that interrelates information from multiple domain-specific documents. Data of ninety-two pre-service teachers, who participated in a laboratory experiment where they read three domain-specific textbook excerpts and wrote essays for global comprehension, were analyzed using automated structural and semantic measures. In line with prior research, results indicated that prompts supported pre-service teachers in integrating domain-specific knowledge from multiple documents in their mental models. However, the automated structural and semantic measures did not support previous findings on the efficacy of argument tasks for knowledge integration. The findings and limitations are discussed, and conclusions are drawn for future research and for integrative learning environments in pre-service teacher education.
Authenticity and rumination mediate the relationship between loneliness and well-being
Authors: Borawski Dominik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, plentiful data has emerged indicating the detrimental effects of loneliness on well-being. One of the challenges for researchers dealing with this issue is to find the mechanism underlying the relationship. The present study investigated 293 adults, aged 19-40, and examined whether authenticity and rumination functioned as mediators in the relationship between loneliness and well-being (and its three domains – pleasure, engagement, and meaning). The results of the study confirmed the loneliness-well-being link and, additionally, revealed potential mechanisms explaining this relationship, which were of different character in the cases of the particular domains of well-being. As it turned out, authenticity was the sole significant mediator in the relationship between loneliness and meaning, and rumination played the role of key mediator between loneliness and pleasure. Both these mediators had their share in the indirect effects of loneliness on engagement and overall well-being. The relations revealed between loneliness and authenticity are, in turn, congruent with recent conceptualizations of authenticity, which emphasize the interpersonal sources of this variable.
Energy-saving operation approaches for urban rail transit systems
Authors: Gao Ziyou , Yang Lixing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith the accelerated urbanization in China, passenger demand has dramatically increased in large cities, and traffic congestion has become serious in recent years. Developing public urban rail transit systems is an indispensable approach to overcome these problems. However, the high energy consumption of daily operations is an emerging issue due to increased rail transit networks and passenger demands. Thus, reducing the energy consumption and operational cost by using advanced optimization methodologies is an urgent task for operation managers. This work systematically introduces energy-saving approaches for urban rail transit systems in three aspects, namely, train speed profile optimization, utilization of regenerative energy, and integrated optimization of train timetable and speed profile. Future research directions in this field are also proposed to meet increasing passenger demands and network-based urban rail transit systems.
Fatigue and Safety in Paramedicine
Authors: Donnelly Elizabeth A. , Bradford Paul , Davis Matthew , Hedges Cathie , Socha Doug , Morassutti Peter 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesExtant research has established an empirical relationship between fatigue and safety-related outcomes. It is not clear if these findings are relevant to Canadian paramedicine. The purpose of this study was to determine if fatigue and shiftwork variables were related to safety outcomes in Canadian paramedics.MethodsA survey was conducted with ten paramedic services in Ontario with a 40.5% response rate (n = 717). Respondents reported levels of fatigue, safety outcomes (injury, safety compromising behaviours, and medical errors/adverse events), work patterns (types of shifts, hours worked weekly) and demographic characteristics. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to assess for significant differences.ResultsIn this sample, 55% of paramedics reported being fatigued at work. Fatigued paramedics were over twice as likely to report injuries, three times as likely to report safety compromising behaviors, and 1.5 times more likely to report errors/adverse outcomes. When controlling for fatigue, shift length variables did not consistently influence safety outcomes.ConclusionThese results create preliminary evidence of a relationship between fatigue and safety outcomes in Canadian paramedicine. While more research is needed, these findings point to the influence fatigue has on safety outcomes and provide an indication that fatigue mitigation efforts may be worthwhile.
Is English resumption different in appositive relative clauses?
Authors: Loss Sara S. , Wicklund Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResumptive pronouns are produced in English in unguarded speech in restrictive relative clauses and appositive relative clauses. However, numerous studies have found that resumptive pronouns in restrictive relative clauses are not acceptable. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the acceptability of resumptive pronouns in appositive relative clauses, despite hints in the literature that they may be more acceptable in appositive than in restrictive relative clauses. This article fills that gap. We found that resumptive pronouns were rated as more natural in appositive relative clauses than in restrictive relative clauses. These findings may be due to which currently undergoing a reanalysis from a relative pronoun to a solely connective word, as has been suggested in the literature. A small-scale corpus search also reveals that appositive relative clauses with resumptive pronouns are increasing in American English.
CODIMENSION TWO CYCLES IN IWASAWA THEORY AND ELLIPTIC CURVES WITH SUPERSINGULAR REDUCTION
Authors: LEI ANTONIO , PALVANNAN BHARATHWAJ 
Published: August 2019

A result of Bleher, Chinburg, Greenberg, Kakde, Pappas, Sharifi and Taylor has initiated the topic of higher codimension Iwasawa theory. As a generalization of the classical Iwasawa main conjecture, they prove a relationship between analytic objects (a pair of Katz’s$2$-variable$p$-adic$L$-functions) and algebraic objects (two ‘everywhere unramified’ Iwasawa modules) involving codimension two cycles in a$2$-variable Iwasawa algebra. We prove a result by considering the restriction to an imaginary quadratic field$K$(where an odd prime$p$splits) of an elliptic curve$E$, defined over $\mathbb{Q}$, with good supersingular reduction at$p$. On the analytic side, we consider eight pairs of$2$-variable$p$-adic$L$-functions in this setup (four of the$2$-variable$p$-adic$L$-functions have been constructed by Loeffler and a fifth$2$-variable$p$-adic$L$-function is due to Hida). On the algebraic side, we consider modifications of fine Selmer groups over the$\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{2}$-extension of$K$. We also provide numerical evidence, using algorithms of Pollack, towards a pseudonullity conjecture of Coates–Sujatha.
Postprandial changes in gene expression of cholesterol influx and efflux mediators after intake of SFA compared withn-6 PUFA in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolaemia: secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Øyri Linn K. L. , Narverud Ingunn , Bogsrud Martin P. , Hansson Patrik , Leder Lena , Byfuglien Marte G. , Veierød Marit B. , Thoresen Magne , Ulven Stine M. , Holven Kirsten B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cross-Sex Best Friendships and the Experience and Expression of Jealousy within Romantic Relationships
Authors: Gilchrist-Petty Eletra , Bennett Lance Kyle 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigated cross-sex best friendships in the experience and expression of jealousy within romantic relationships. Survey data (N = 346) revealed engaged-to-be-married individuals, compared to single, dating and married individuals, have the most negative attitudes regarding cross-sex best friendships. Results further indicated preventive jealousy experience is a predictor of rival-focused jealousy expression, and reactive jealousy experience is a predictor of both constructive and destructive jealousy expressions. Findings also suggest attitudes toward cross-sex best friendships can mediate the relationship between how jealousy is experienced and expressed in relation to reactive jealousy experience and destructive jealousy expression. Implications are discussed regarding how cross-sex best friendships can adversely affect romantic relationships.
The Rise and Fall of a Parallel-Walled Structure: Assessing the Site Sequence at Pachamta
Authors: Raczek Teresa P , Shirvalkar Prabodh , Prasad Esha , Pandey Lalit 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, we investigate the chronology of a large parallel-walled mudbrick structure at the site of Pachamta in Rajasthan, India. Pachamta is larger than the contemporaneous Harappan site of Kalibangan and part of a society collectively known as the Ahar Culture. Recent excavations at Pachamta provided an opportunity to elaborate on the available dates for this society and to investigate the chronology of an enigmatic parallel-walled structure. The chronology and function of such prominent structures remains murky, although scholars have suggested that these buildings served as public storage because they resemble the granary at Harappa. Through excavation, our team collected data for assessing the Pachamta parallel-walled structure including construction methods, process of abandonment, and associated dates. The thirteen14C assays from the site and an associated phase and sequence model performed in OxCal 4.3 demonstrate that the building was constructed, used, and abandoned in a relatively brief period. If parallel-walled structures are storage buildings, then expansion of the building may indicate prosperity or surplus, while abandonment may indicate an end to abundance or a shift in resource management. Carefully dating the structure allows us to investigate the timing of social processes including political and economic shifts within the settlement.
Dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA alter the free oxylipin profile differently in male and female rat hearts
Authors: Ferdouse Afroza , Leng Shan , Winter Tanja , Aukema Harold M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOxylipins are bioactive lipid mediators synthesised from PUFA. The most well-known oxylipins are the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA), and many of them influence cardiac physiology in health and disease. Oxylipins are also formed from othern-3 andn-6 PUFA such asα-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, DHA and linoleic acid (LA), but fundamental data on the heart oxylipin profile, and the effect of diet and sex on this profile, are lacking. Therefore, weanling female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were given American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G-based diets modified in oil composition to provide higher levels of ALA, EPA, DHA, LA and LA + ALA, compared with control diets. After 6 weeks, free oxylipins in rat hearts were increased primarily by their precursor PUFA, except for EPA oxylipins, which were increased not only by dietary EPA but also by dietary ALA or DHA. Dietary DHA had a greater effect than ALA or EPA on reducing ARA oxylipins. An exception to the dietaryn-3 PUFA-lowering effects on ARA oxylipins was observed for several ARA-derived PG metabolites that were higher in rats given EPA diets. Higher dietary LA increased LA oxylipins, but it had no effect on ARA oxylipins. Overall, heart oxylipins were higher in female rats, but this depended on dietary treatment: the female oxylipin:male oxylipin ratio was higher in rats provided the ALA compared with the DHA diet, with other diet groups having ratios in between. In conclusion, individual PUFA and sex have unique and interactive effects on the rat heart free oxylipin profile.
Reassessing the age of Karpathos ophiolite (Dodecanese, Greece): consequences for Aegean correlations and Neotethys evolution
Authors: Cordey Fabrice , Quillévéré Frédéric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile the Neogene history of the Eastern Mediterranean region is now fairly well understood, our knowledge of older regional palaeogeographies is less accurate, especially the positions of blocks and nappes constituting the Aegean Islands prior to the Cenozoic. Our study focuses on the ophiolite exposed on the island of Karpathos (Dodecanese), which is located in the Aegean fore-arc at a pivotal position between the ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ ophiolites of the Mediterranean region and where conflicting Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous ages have led to diverging tectonic and palaeogeographic interpretations. To test these ages, we targeted the radiolarian cherts that depositionally overlie the ophiolite and extracted diagnostic radiolarian assemblages of Aptian (∼125−113 Ma), early–middle Albian (∼113−105 Ma) and Turonian (∼93.9−89.8 Ma) ages. These results suggest that previous Late Cretaceous K–Ar isotopic ages (from 95.3 ± 4.2 Ma to 81.2 ± 1.6 Ma) may have been reset by Late Cretaceous metamorphism or affected by argon loss. Overall, the new Early Cretaceous ages show that the Karpathos ophiolite should not be correlated with the Pindos Nappes of Greece or the ophiolites of Cyprus or Syria but rather with the Lycian Nappes of Turkey and their root located in the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan Suture Zone. Therefore, the Karpathos ophiolite represents a remnant of the Northern Neotethys, not the Pindos Ocean or the proto-Eastern Mediterranean Basin.
Using the research on intergroup conflict in nonhuman animals to help inform patterns of human intergroup conflict
Authors: Ridley Amanda R. , Mirville Melanie O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is a large body of research on conflict in nonhuman animal groups that measures the costs and benefits of intergroup conflict, and we suggest that much of this evidence is missing from De Dreu and Gross's interesting article. It is a shame this work has been missed, because it provides evidence for interesting ideas put forward in the article.
Emotions in attacker-defender conflicts
Authors: Cernadas Curotto Patricia , Halperin Eran , Sander David , Klimecki Olga 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The distinction between attackers and defenders might help refine the understanding of the role of emotions in conflicts. Here, we briefly discuss differences between attackers and defenders in terms of appraisals, action tendencies, emotional preferences, and brain activities. Finally, we outline how attackers and defenders may differ in their response to emotion-based interventions that aim to promote conflict resolution.
Dónde está la ball? Examining the effect of code switching on bilingual children's word recognition
Authors: MORINI Giovanna , NEWMAN Rochelle S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHearing words in sentences facilitates word recognition in monolingual children. Many children grow up receiving input in multiple languages – including exposure to sentences that ‘mix’ the languages. We explored Spanish–English bilingual toddlers’ (n = 24) ability to identify familiar words in three conditions: (i)single word(ball!); (ii)same-language sentence(Where's theball?); or (iii)mixed-language sentence(Dónde está laball?). Children successfully identified words across conditions; however, the advantage linked to hearing words in sentences was present only in the same-language condition. This work hence suggests that language mixing plays an important role on bilingual children's ability to recognize spoken words.
Early life stress is associated with reduced avoidance of threatening facial expressions
Authors: Kirkham Elizabeth J. , Levita Liat 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEarly neglect or maltreatment has been associated with changes in children's processing of emotional facial expressions, including a hypersensitivity to the emotion of anger. This may facilitate the avoidance of danger in a maltreating environment. However, few studies have examined whether experiences of early life stress (ELS) are associated with atypical avoidance responses towards emotional facial expressions, or whether the effects of ELS can be observed in adult participants. The present study therefore examined the effects of ELS on adults’ approach-avoidance tendencies towards angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions. Surprisingly, higher levels of ELS were associated with reduced avoidance of angry facial expressions among individuals with no evidence of mental illness. In contrast, there was no evidence of a relationship between ELS and avoidance of angry facial expressions among individuals with experience of mental illness. These novel findings suggest that ELS-related changes in social cognition can be observed years after the ELS itself occurred.
ALTICA, COAPEXCO, AND THE ROLE OF MIDDLEMEN IN FORMATIVE OBSIDIAN EXCHANGE
Authors: Johnson Nadia E. , Hirth Kenneth G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAltica's location in the Patlachique Range, 10 km away from the Otumba obsidian source, suggests its potential role in the distribution of Otumba obsidian. Altica may have been an important Formative middleman and processing site for obsidian exchange within the Basin of Mexico. To the south, Coapexco's position along a natural, restricted inlet to the Basin of Mexico may have enabled it to function as a node for pooling and distributing material into the Basin. This paper combines geochemical sourcing and technological data drawn from several Early and Middle Formative obsidian assemblages to reconstruct the movement of obsidian in this period to identify obsidian sources and consumption sites. In doing so, the paper assesses the role that intermediary sites like Altica and Coapexco could have played in the processing and distribution of obsidian into more distant consumption sites.
Disorders of Consciousness, Past, Present, and Future
Authors: FINS JOSEPH J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:This paper, presented as the 2019 Cambridge Quarterly Neuroethics NetworkCharcot Lecture, traces the nosology of disorders of consciousness in light of 2018 practice guidelines promulgated by the American Academy of Neurology, the American College of Rehabilitation Medicine and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research. By exploring the ancient origins of Jennett and Plum’s persistent vegetative state and subsequent refinements in the classification of disorders of consciousness—epitomized by the minimally conscious state, cognitive motor dissociation, and the recently described chronic vegetative state—the author argues that there is a counter-narrative to the one linking these conditions to the right to die. Instead, there is a more nuanced schema distinguishing futility from utility, informed by technical advances now able to identify covert consciousness contemplated by Jennett and Plum. Their prescience foreshadows recent developments in the disorders of consciousness literature yielding a layered legacy with implications for society’s normative and legal obligations to these patients.
A comparison of the modelled impacts on CVD mortality if attainment of public health recommendations was achieved in metropolitan and rural Australia
Authors: Alston Laura , Jacobs Jane , Allender Steven , Nichols Melanie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To (i) determine the proportion of deaths from CVD that could be avoided in both rural and metropolitan Australia if public health recommendations were met; (ii) assess the impact on the rural CVD mortality; and (iii) determine if policy priorities should be different by rurality for CVD prevention.Design:A macro-simulation modelling study of population data. Population, risk factor and CVD death data stratified by rurality were analysed using the Preventable Risk Integrated Model. The baseline scenario was the current risk factor levels (including physical activity, smoking, diet and alcohol). The counterfactual scenario was the population levels of these risk factors expected if public health recommendations were met.Setting:Metropolitan and rural Australia.Participants:Rural- and metropolitan-dwelling adults in Australia.Results:Both populations would experience similar relative declines in the proportion of deaths from CVD. A total of 14 892 deaths from CVD would be avoided annually; with similar declines in the proportions of deaths by rurality. Critically, the order of policy priorities for public health recommendation attainment would differ by rurality CVD prevention, with addressing fat intakes being a higher priority in rural areas.Conclusions:Achieving public health recommendations in Australia would result in large declines in CVD mortality. Despite declines in overall CVD mortality under this scenario, an inequality in CVD burden would persist for rural populations. The order of risk factor priorities would differ by rurality.
HAADF-STEM Image Resolution Enhancement Using High-Quality Image Reconstruction Techniques: Case of the Fe3O4(111) Surface
Authors: Bárcena-González G. , Guerrero-Lebrero M. P. , Guerrero E. , Yañez A. , Nuñez-Moraleda B. , Kepaptsoglou D. , Lazarov V. K. , Galindo P. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFrom simple averaging to more sophisticated registration and restoration strategies, such as super-resolution (SR), there exist different computational techniques that use a series of images of the same object to generate enhanced images where noise and other distortions have been reduced. In this work, we provide qualitative and quantitative measurements of this enhancement for high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging. These images are compared in two ways, qualitatively through visual inspection in real and reciprocal space, and quantitatively, through the calculation of objective measurements, such as signal-to-noise ratio and atom column roundness. Results show that these techniques improve the quality of the images. In this paper, we use an SR methodology that allows us to take advantage of the information present in the image frames and to reliably facilitate the analysis of more difficult regions of interest in experimental images, such as surfaces and interfaces. By acquiring a series of cross-sectional experimental images of magnetite (Fe3O4) thin films (111), we have generated interpolated images using averaging and SR, and reconstructed the atomic structure of the very top surface layer that consists of a full monolayer of Fe, with topmost Fe atoms in tetrahedrally coordinated sites.