bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using predicted Spanish preference to target bilingual mailings in a mail survey with telephone follow‐up
Authors: Elliott Marc N. , Klein David J. , Kallaur Paul , Brown Julie A. , Hays Ron D. , Orr Nate , Zaslavsky Alan M. , Beckett Megan K. , Gaillot Sarah , Edwards Carol A. , Haviland Amelia M. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveSpanish‐preferring Medicare beneficiaries are underrepresented in national patient experience surveys. We test a method for improving their representation via higher response rates.Data Sources/Study Setting2009‐2010 Medicare CAHPS surveys; Medicare population.Study DesignWe used surname and address to predict Spanish‐language preference for a national sample of 177 139 beneficiaries. We randomized half of the 10 000 non‐Puerto Rico beneficiaries with the highest predicted probabilities of Spanish preference (>10 percent) to bilingual mailings (intervention) and half to standard English‐only mailings (control).Data CollectionMedicare CAHPS Survey data were collected through mail surveys with telephone follow‐up of nonrespondents.Principal FindingsMail response rate was higher for intervention (28.7 percent) than control (23.9 percent) (P < 0.0001); phone response rates among mail nonrespondents were similar in intervention and control arms (15.8 percent vs 15.7 percent, P = 0.90). Targeted bilingual mailings induced 6.5 percent of those who would not have responded to respond by mail and 54.0 percent of those who would have responded in English to respond in Spanish. Beneficiaries with greater Spanish probabilities showed greater increases in response rates, a higher proportion of responses in Spanish, and lower control response rates among.ConclusionsTargeted bilingual mailing of mixed‐mode surveys using commonly available surname and address information can efficiently increase representation of this underrepresented group.
Geographic context of black‐white disparities in Medicare CAHPS patient experience measures
Authors: Fenton Anny T. , Burkhart Q , Weech‐Maldonado Robert , Haviland Amelia M. , Dembosky Jacob W. , Shih Regina , Wilson‐Frederick Shondelle M. , Gaillot Sarah , Elliott Marc N. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo examine whether black‐white patient experience disparities vary by geography and within‐county contextual factors.Data Sources321 300 Medicare beneficiaries responding to the 2015‐2016 Medicare Consumer Assessment of Health care Providers and Systems (MCAHPS) Surveys; 2010 Census data for several within‐county contextual factors.Study DesignMixed‐effects regression models predicted three MCAHPS patient experience measures for black and white beneficiaries from geographic random effects, contextual fixed effects, and beneficiary‐level case‐mix adjustors.Principal FindingsBlack‐white disparities in patient experiences were smaller in counties with higher average patient experiences. Black‐white disparities in patient experiences were not associated with county‐level poverty or racial segregation. However, county racial segregation and some measures of poverty were significantly associated with all beneficiaries’ level of health care access. Getting Needed Care scores were higher with greater racial segregation, while Getting Care Quickly scores were lower with higher poverty and racial segregation.ConclusionsEfforts to reduce black‐white disparities in patient experiences should focus on areas with low average patient experiences. Attempts to reduce disparities in timely access to health care should target primarily black, low‐income, and racially and economically segregated areas. Positive associations of racial segregation with accessing needed care were unexpected.
Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management
Authors: Durfey Shayla N. M. , Kind Amy J. H. , Buckingham William R. , DuGoff Eva H. , Trivedi Amal N. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between a composite measure of neighborhood disadvantage, the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and control of blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol in the Medicare Advantage (MA) population.Data SourcesSecondary analysis of 2013 Medicare Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set, Medicare enrollment data, and a neighborhood disadvantage indicator.Study DesignWe tested the association of neighborhood disadvantage with intermediate health outcomes. Generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for geographic and individual factors including region, sex, race/ethnicity, dual eligibility, disability, and rurality.Data CollectionData were linked by ZIP+4, representing compact geographic areas that can be linked to Census block groups.Principal FindingsCompared with enrollees residing in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods, enrollees in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods were 5 percentage points (P < 0.05) less likely to have controlled blood pressure, 6.9 percentage points (P < 0.05) less likely to have controlled diabetes, and 9.9 percentage points (P < 0.05) less likely to have controlled cholesterol. Adjustment attenuated this relationship, but the association remained.ConclusionsThe ADI is a strong, independent predictor of diabetes and cholesterol control, a moderate predictor of blood pressure control, and could be used to track neighborhood‐level disparities and to target disparities‐focused interventions in the MA population.
Impact of stratification on the effectiveness of a comprehensive patient‐centered strategy for multimorbid patients
Authors: Soto‐Gordoa Myriam , de Manuel Esteban , Fullaondo Ane , Merino Marisa , Arrospide Arantzazu , Igartua Juan Ignacio , Mar Javier ,   the CareWell Group
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this work was to assess the effectiveness of a population‐level patient‐centered intervention for multimorbid patients based on risk stratification for case finding in 2014 compared with the baseline scenario in 2012.Data SourceClinical and administrative databases.Study DesignThis was an observational cohort study with an intervention group and a historical control group. A propensity score by a genetic matching approach was used to minimize bias. Generalized linear models were used to analyze relationships among variables.Data CollectionWe included all eligible patients at the beginning of the year and followed them until death or until the follow‐up period concluded (end of the year). The control group (2012) totaled 3558 patients, and 4225 patients were in the intervention group (2014).Principal FindingA patient‐centered strategy based on risk stratification for case finding and the implementation of an integrated program based on new professional roles and an extensive infrastructure of information and communication technologies avoided 9 percent (OR: 0.91, CI: 0.86‐0.96) of hospitalizations. However, this effect was not found in nonprioritized groups whose probability of hospitalization increased (OR: 1.19, CI = 1.09‐1.30).ConclusionsIn a before‐and‐after analysis using propensity score matching, a comprehensive, patient‐centered, integrated care intervention was associated with a lower risk of hospital admission among prioritized patients, but not among patients who were not prioritized to receive the intervention.
A New Measure of Real Estate Uncertainty Shocks
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Strobel Johannes , Lee Gabriel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objective of this article is twofold: first, we construct a new uncertainty measure that is specific to the real estate sector; second, we compare our uncertainty measure to other well‐established measures in the literature, such as the Macro Uncertainty (MU) by Jurado, Ludvigson and Ng. We show that our Real Estate Uncertainty (REU) measure accounts for twice as much of variation in housing prices—and starts compared to the MU. Furthermore, vector autoregressions and Granger‐causality analysis show that our uncertainty measure affects housing starts—and prices—in contrast to the other uncertainty measures that affect only housing starts.
Foodborne Bacterial, Viral, and Protozoan Pathogens in Field and Market Strawberries and Environment of Strawberry Farms
Authors: Dziedzinska Radka , Vasickova Petra , Hrdy Jakub , Slany Michal , Babak Vladimir , Moravkova Monika 
Published: November 2018

AbstractField‐grown strawberries, the environment of strawberry farms and fresh strawberries from marketplaces were examined for bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens. The presence of bacteria was determined using culture and real‐time PCR (qPCR), presence of protozoa and viruses using qPCR and reverse transcription qPCR, respectively. The highest proportion of positivity was observed for Escherichia coli both in field and purchased strawberries (up to 48.6%). Finding of Cronobacter ranged from 0.6% to 9% both for field and market strawberries. The prevalence of other pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium sp., and Norovirus) in strawberries was below 4.5%; HAV was not detected at all. Positivity of the environment was determined to be lower than 2.1% for all microorganisms, except for E. coli. The concentration of pathogens in most samples did not exceed 100 CFU/g using culture and 1.8 × 102 GE/g of strawberries or swabbing area 6.1 × 102 GE/mL or swabbing area of environmental samples using qPCR. All studied farms applied preventive measures such as drip irrigation, avoidance of organic fertilizers, and use of mulch foils or gloves for workers to decrease contamination of strawberries. Despite this, certain pathogens were found in fresh strawberries. Even at low concentrations, these pathogens can be a source of infection for consumers. Thus, their presence in strawberries is of particular significance as these are mostly consumed fresh and without any thermal processing.Practical ApplicationNonlegislatively monitored pathogens of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin were found in strawberries. Monitoring the presence of these pathogens in ready‐to‐eat food is therefore meaningful and important in terms of food safety, especially in relation to pathogens with low infectious dose (for example, viruses, parasites).
Spontaneous middle lobe torsion in a patient with multicentric Castleman disease: A case report
Authors: Gamble Erin Lee , Karunarathne Solokara MTL , Krishnan Ramya 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWe describe a rare case of middle lobe lung torsion in a patient with a tension hydrothorax secondary to multicentric Castleman disease. The case demonstrates the difficulty of diagnosing torsion prospectively, and the possible sequelae of delayed detection. Although imaging features can be confusing, an awareness of this condition and careful image interpretation by radiologists could facilitate early recognition and management of a torted lobe.
Sex‐dependent differences in ethanol inhibition of mouse lateral orbitofrontal cortex neurons
Authors: Nimitvilai Sudarat , Lopez Marcelo F. , Woodward John J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBiological differences between males and females likely influence responses to alcohol and the propensity to engage in excessive drinking. In both humans and rodents, females escalate alcohol use and develop addiction‐like behaviors faster than males, while males exhibit more severe withdrawal symptoms during abstinence. The mechanisms underlying these differences are not yet known but may reflect fundamental differences in the ethanol sensitivity of neurons in reward and control areas of the brain. To address this question, we recorded current‐evoked spiking of lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) neurons in male and female C57BL/6J mice following acute and chronic exposure to ethanol. Ethanol (11‐66 mM) reduced firing of lOFC neurons but produced less inhibition in neurons from female mice. As previously reported for male mice, the glycine receptor blocker strychnine blocked ethanol inhibition of spiking of lOFC neurons from female mice and prevented the ethanol‐induced increase in tonic current. Following chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure, current‐evoked spiking of lOFC neurons was significantly enhanced with a greater effect observed in males. After CIE treatment, acute ethanol had no effect on spiking in neurons from male mice, while it produced a slight but significant decrease in firing in females. Finally, like male mice, the inhibitory effect of the glycine transport inhibitor sarcosine was blunted in CIE‐exposed female mice. Together, these results suggest that while lOFC neurons in male and female mice are similarly affected by ethanol, there are significant differences in sensitivity that may contribute to differences in alcohol actions between males and females.
The Role of Affect on Physical Health Over Time: A Cross‐Lagged Panel Analysis Over 20 Years
Authors: Wiese Christopher W. , Chen Zhuo Job , Tay Louis , Friedman Elliot M. , Rector Jerrald L. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundWhile previous studies have investigated the interplay between affect and health (1) over an extended period of time, (2) in a representative population, and (3) while modelling positive and negative affect simultaneously, no single study has done all three at once.MethodsThe present study accomplishes this by sampling adults from the Midlife Development in the US study who completed affect (Mroczek & Kolarz, 1998) and health measures (chronic conditions, Charlson, Szatrowski, Peterson, & Gold, 1994; functional limitations, McHorney, Ware, Lu, & Sherbourne, 1994; self‐reported health) measured three times over 20 years. We ran three (one per health metric) random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models, where positive and negative affect were modelled simultaneously.ResultsResults indicated that positive and negative affect significantly predicted future heath (functional limitations/self‐reported health) and that this relationship was reciprocal (i.e. health measures predicted future affect). However, there were no significant cross‐lagged relations between affect and chronic conditions.ConclusionOur results suggest that both positive and negative affect play an equal role in predicting future health for functional limitations and self‐reported health as well as highlight the bi‐directionality of this relationship. Additionally, the degree to which affect predicts future health may be moderated by the type of health outcome.
An Experimental Test of the Effects of a Target Person's Body Weight and Engagement with Health Behaviours on Perceptions of Overall Health
Authors: Black Clancy , Vartanian Lenny R. , Faasse Kate 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundPublic health campaigns commonly emphasise the association between excess weight and poor health. The present study aimed to examine the effect of information about weight and engagement with health behaviours on judgements of a person's health.MethodIn two experimental studies, participants were asked to evaluate a target person's health and to make recommendations about that person's health‐related behaviours. In Study 1 (n = 306), we manipulated the target's behaviours (healthy, unhealthy) and body weight (normal, overweight, obese); in Study 2 (n = 192), we manipulated the behaviour of an overweight target (healthy, unhealthy).ResultsStudy 1 found that the obese target was consistently rated as less healthy than the normal‐weight target, whereas the overweight target was only rated as less healthy when her behaviours were unhealthy. Study 2 found that the overweight target's weight was viewed as being more harmful to her health when she engaged in unhealthy behaviours. Recommendations to lose weight were most common for the obese targets (with healthy or unhealthy behaviours), and for the overweight target with unhealthy behaviours.ConclusionsWhereas obesity appears to be viewed as harmful to health independent of health behaviours, the extent to which overweight is perceived as harmful depends on the overweight individual's diet and exercise behaviours.
Morphological and genetic diversity of Pura Raza Español horse with regard to the coat colour
Authors: Sánchez‐Guerrero María J. , Negro‐Rama Sara , Demyda‐Peyras Sebastián , Solé‐Berga Marina , Azor‐Ortiz Pedro J. , Valera‐Córdoba Mercedes 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGene mutations influencing melanocytes also impact on physiological and behavioural functions. In this study, we investigated their association with four different coat colours in the Pura Raza Español (PRE) horse using morphological traits and molecular datasets. Four different subpopulations were identified according to individual coat colour: grey, bay, chestnut and black. Coat colour significantly associated with morphological measurements. Observed and expected heterozygosity values were low in grey compared with the other three subpopulations, suggesting the presence of unique ancestral alleles probably arisen by genetic drift and selection mechanism effects. Nei's distance demonstrated a clear division among subpopulations, the grey being the most divergent group. Gene flow estimates were similar, showing the lowest values in grey. Divergence times among subpopulations assessed with the average square distance suggested that grey was the original PRE population which diverged from bay, chestnut and black. Our results also demonstrated a clear morphological differentiation according to coat colour. The close genetic structure of bay and chestnut PRE subpopulations and the clear differences in most morphological traits of grey and chestnut PRE mares would suggest the pleiotropic effect of genomic regions determining coat colour in horses. However, further analysis including genomic information would be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Effects of brown rice particle size on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for young pigs and adult sows
Authors: Li Enkai , Zhu Tao , Dong Wenxuan , Huang Chengfei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of brown rice particle size on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in diets fed to pigs at four different stages and determine the optimal particle size (OPS) of brown rice for young pigs and adult sows. Eighteen weanling piglets (initial body weight (BW): 10.2 ± 0.4 kg), 18 growing barrows (initial BW: 35.6 ± 1.5 kg), 24 gestating sows (initial BW: 220 ± 2.8 kg), and 24 lactating sows (initial BW: 208 ± 3.8 kg) were allotted to 1 of 3 or 4 diets based on completely randomized design with six replicates per diet. Within each stage, brown rice‐soybean meal diets were formulated, and the only difference among diets was the brown rice used was ground to the specified particle size. Each stage lasted 19 days, including 7 days for cage adaptation, 7 days for diet adaptation, and 5 days for total feces and urine collection. For weanling and growing pigs, the results showed that pigs fed brown rice milled to 600 μm had a greater ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and crude protein (CP) than pigs fed brown rice ground to 800 μm. However, there was no improvement in the ATTD of energy and nutrients for pigs fed brown rice milled to 600 μm versus 400 μm. The concentration of nitrogen (N) in feces significantly reduced (p < 0.01) as brown rice particle size decreased from 800 to 400 μm. However, there were no differences in phosphorus (P) output and absorbed P among diets. For gestating and lactating sows, a reduction in particle size from 1,000 to 800 μm significantly improved (p < 0.01) the ATTD of DM, GE, and CP in diets. However, there was also no improvement in the ATTD of energy and nutrients for pigs fed brown rice milled from 800 to 400 μm. In conclusion, considering the energy required for milling and nutrient digestibility, milling brown rice to 600 and 800 μm are recommended in diets for young pigs and adult sows, respectively. The OPS of brown rice for pigs at different physiological stages should be considered to economically and accurately formulate diets.
Psychological and Genetic Predictors of Pain Tolerance
Authors: Patanwala Asad E. , Norwood Charles , Steiner Heidi , Morrison Daniel , Li May , Walsh Keith , Martinez Marina , Baker Sarah E. , Snyder Eric M. , Karnes Jason H. 
Published: November 2018

Previous studies have shown associations between genetic polymorphisms and pain tolerance, but psychological evaluations are seldom measured. The objective of this study was to determine the independent effects of demographic, psychological, and genetic predictors of cold noxious pain tolerance. Healthy subjects (n = 89) completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ‐III), underwent genotyping for candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and completed a cold‐pressor test in a 1–2°C water bath for a maximum of 3 minutes. The primary outcome measure was pain tolerance, defined as the maximum duration of time subjects left their nondominant hand in the cold‐water bath. Cox proportional hazards regression indicated that female sex, Asian race, and increasing PCS and FPQ‐III scores were associated with lower pain tolerance. No candidate SNP was significantly associated with pain tolerance. Future genetic studies should include demographic and psychological variables as confounders in experimental pain models.
Comparison between cytospin and liquid‐based cytology in cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis of neoplastic diseases: A single institution experience
Authors: Straccia Patrizia , Fadda Guido , Pierconti Francesco 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe current tools available for detecting malignant neoplasms in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are neurological examination, followed by neuroimaging, cytology and molecular techniques. To highlight the role of cytology the diagnosis of metastatic tumours in CSF samples, we present our experience using cytospin and ThinPrep liquid‐based cytology.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using the pathological records of 8181 cytological specimens of CSF, which were diagnosed over a 17‐year period. Between 2000 and 2014, a total of 6994 CSF samples were processed using cytospin method and 1187 specimens were examined using ThinPrep method in the period between 2015 and 2017.ResultsThe most frequent metastatic neoplasm of the first period was non‐Hodgkin lymphoma; in the second period the commonest malignancy found was brain tumour (glioblastoma and medulloblastoma). The samples processed by cytospin revealed cytolysis and haemorrhage, while the cases processed by ThinPrep had a clear background. Ten false‐positive cases belonging to the suspicious category were processed by cytospin, while there was only one false positive case in the group processed by ThinPrep. The positive predictive value was 95% in cytospin and 100% in Thin Prep with comparable sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive values.ConclusionsCSF cytology is a reliable technique for identifying malignancy in CSF. ThinPrep technology can be applied with good results in terms of clear background, cell enrichment, better nuclear details and high cellularity per slide.