bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A search for warm/hot gas filaments between pairs of SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies
Authors: Tanimura Hideki , Hinshaw Gary , McCarthy Ian G , Van Waerbeke Ludovic , Aghanim Nabila , Ma Yin-Zhe , Mead Alexander , Hojjati Alireza , Tröster Tilman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe search the Planck data for a thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) signal due to gas filaments between pairs of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 (SDSS/DR12). We identify ∼260 000 LRG pairs in the DR12 catalogue that lie within 6–10 $h^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}$ of each other in tangential direction and within 6 $h^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}$ in radial direction. We stack pairs by rotating and scaling the angular positions of each LRG so they lie on a common reference frame, then we subtract a circularly symmetric halo from each member of the pair to search for a residual signal between the pair members. We find a statistically significant (5.3σ) signal between LRG pairs in the stacked data with a magnitude Δy = (1.31 ± 0.25) × 10−8. The uncertainty is estimated from two Monte Carlo null tests which also establish the reliability of our analysis. Assuming a simple, isothermal, cylindrical filament model of electron overdensity with a radial density profile proportional to rc/r (as determined from simulations), where r is the perpendicular distance from the cylinder axis and rc is the core radius of the density profile, we constrain the product of overdensity and filament temperature to be $\delta _\mathrm{ c} \times (T_{\rm e}/10^7 \, {\rm K}) \times (r_\mathrm{ c}/0.5h^{-1} \, {\rm Mpc}) = 2.7 \pm 0.5$. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of filamentary gas at overdensities typical of cosmological large-scale structure. We compare our result to the BAHAMAS suite of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations (McCarthy et al. 2017) and find a slightly lower, but marginally consistent Comptonization excess, Δy = (0.84 ± 0.24) × 10−8.
Musculoskeletal Signs Associated with Shoulder Pain in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Rodríguez-Torres Janet , Lucena-Aguilera María del M , Cabrera-Martos Irene , López-López Laura , Torres-Sánchez Irene , Valenza Marie C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and lung resection still represents the main curative treatment modality. Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, its relationship with shoulder musculoskeletal signs remains unclear.ObjectiveTo characterize shoulder dysfunction in patients after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and to analyze its influence on quality of life.Design and SettingA longitudinal observational prospective cohort study has been carried out in the Thoracic Surgery Service of the Hospital Virgen de las Nieves (Granada).SubjectsFifty-nine patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were included.MethodsPatients were assessed before surgery, at discharge, and one month after discharge. Musculoskeletal disturbances, pain severity, and health status were assessed. Musculoskeletal outcomes measured were range of movement and trigger points, both bilaterally. Additionally, pain severity and health status were measured with Brief Pain Inventory and Euroqol-5 dimensions.ResultsSignificant differences were found at discharge in trigger points of ipsilateral and contralateral upper limbs. One month after surgery, no muscle returned to baseline measures, and ipsilateral and contralateral shoulders presented a decreased range of motion, as well as poor quality of life and high severity and interference of pain.ConclusionsVideo-assissted thoracoscopic surgery was associated with musculoskeletal shoulder dysfunction, which remained one month after the intervention. This musculoskeletal dysfunction included significant dysfunction in both shoulders with a decreased range of movement, an increase in trigger points, poor quality of life, and high severity and interference of pain.
Paradox of Redistribution: Legislative Overrepresentation and Regional Development in Brazil
Authors: Hiroi Taeko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between legislative malapportionment, redistribution, and regional economic development. One of the primary justifications for legislative malapportionment—the disparity between the share of legislative seats and the share of the national population—is interregional income equalization by means of favorable allocations of resources to rural areas through overrepresentation. By analyzing the case of Brazil using instrumental variables, this study evaluates the theoretical argument and the empirical validity of the presumed mechanism linking unequal representation to regional development and national economic convergence. It argues that in contexts of undeveloped democracies, rather than convergence, disproportionate resource transfers via overrepresentation hinder the development of beneficiary regions. The empirical analyses of Brazilian states indicate that while overrepresented jurisdictions do receive disproportionate shares of resources from the federal government, disproportionate resource transfers, and dependence on resource transfers attributable to overrepresentation hamper the development potential of those regions.
Safety of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy During Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Adults With Severe Respiratory Failure
Authors: Dimopoulos Stavros , Joyce Holly , Camporota Luigi , Glover Guy , Ioannou Nicholas , Langrish Christopher J. , Retter Andrew , Meadows Christopher I. S. , Barrett Nicholas A. , Tricklebank Stephen 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
To investigate the safety of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in severe respiratory failure patients during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

Design:
A single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral severe respiratory failure center, university teaching hospital.

Patients:
Severe respiratory failure patients consecutively admitted and supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation between January 2010 and December 2015.

Intervention:
A bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy was performed in all cases.

Measurements and Main Results:
Sixty-five veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients (median [interquartile range] age, 47 yr [interquartile range, 35-59 yr]; 39 males; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score, 18 [interquartile range, 17-22] Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, 10 [interquartile range, 7-16]) underwent percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. Ten patients (15%) developed one or more major complications. Of these, seven (11%) had major bleeding, and three of these also required circuit change due to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit dysfunction. Two more patients (3.1%) presented with isolated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit dysfunction requiring circuit change, and one developed bilateral pneumothoraces (1.5%) requiring intercostal drain insertion. Patients who developed complications had significantly lower extracorporeal membrane oxygenation postoxygenator Po
2 prior to percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (45.8 kPa [interquartile range, 36.9–56.5 kPa] vs 57.9 kPa [interquartile range, 45.1–64.2 kPa]; p = 0.019]. On multivariate analysis, including demographic, clinical, biochemical, hematologic variables, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit functional variables, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation postoxygenator Po
2 was the only independent variable associated with major complications following percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (beta = –0.09; odds ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.84–0.99; p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is associated with a considerable complication rate in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients. Preprocedure circuit performance as indicated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation postoxygenator Po
2 is an independent predictor of major complications following percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy.
Graded Exercise Testing Predicts Recovery Trajectory of Concussion in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Orr Rhonda , Bogg Tina , Fyffe Andrew , Lam Lawrence T. , Browne Gary J. 
Published: November 2018

Objective:
To determine whether graded exercise testing can predict recovery trajectory of concussion in children and adolescents.

Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
Children's Hospital, Westmead, Australia.

Participants:
One hundred thirty-nine children aged 12 to 16 years at 5 to 7 days after an acute concussive injury.

Intervention:
Graded exercise testing on a treadmill at the subacute phase to assess symptom provocation and determine clinical recovery indicating readiness to commence a return to activity (RTA) protocol. Exercise time to symptom exacerbation and clinical recovery were measured.

Main Outcome Measures:
Standard concussion assessment and clinical testing (neurocognitive, vestibular/ocular, and balance) were conducted to determine major clinical drivers/indicators.

Results:
Participants (mean age 12.4 ± 2.8 years, 73% male) had a confirmed sport-related concussion. The main clinical drivers identified on exercise testing were headache, balance, and vestibular dysfunction. Participants fell into 1 of 2 groups, exercise-tolerant (54%) and exercise-intolerant (46%). Exercise-tolerant patients showed mild clinical indicators, no symptom exacerbation during 10.3 ± 3.3 minutes of exercise, were safely transitioned to a RTA protocol, and recovered within 10 days. Exercise-intolerant patients had high clinical indicators, significant symptom exacerbation at 4.2 ± 1.6 minutes of exercise, and prolonged recovery of 45.6 days. No adverse effects from exercise were reported in either group. Combined use of provocative exercise and clinical testing was 93% predictive of outcome.

Conclusions:
Exercise testing during the subacute phase after a concussion can predict longer recovery. Exercise testing can identify a unique window where patients can be safely transitioned to activity, enabling clinicians to better inform patients and families, allocate resources and streamline care.
A Systematic Review of the Reported Proportions of Diagnoses for Dizziness and Vertigo
Authors: Parker Ian Gerard , Hartel Gunter , Paratz Jennifer , Choy Nancy Low , Rahmann Ann 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
To determine the typical proportions of diagnoses for patients presenting with dizziness or vertigo based on clinical speciality and to assess the change in proportions of diagnoses over time.

Data Sources:
Following PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches of PubMed and CINAHL databases and follow-up reference searches were performed for articles published in English up to October 2016.

Study Selection:
Analysis of searches yielded 42 studies meeting the criteria of case series of adult patients with dizziness and/or vertigo presenting to general practice, emergency departments or specialist outpatient clinics.

Data Extraction:
Data comprising demographics, diagnostic cases, and the total number of cases were recorded and independently tested, followed by a risk of bias analysis.

Data Synthesis:
Sample size weighted proportions expressed as percentages with confidence intervals were calculated and compared using χ
2 analysis and a reference proportion formed by the combination of Ear Nose and Throat and Neurotology case series published between 2010 and 2016. Analysis of diagnostic trends over time used Poisson regression with consideration for overdispersion.

Conclusions:
This systematic review of case series demonstrated significant differences in the proportions of diagnoses for patients presenting with dizziness or vertigo, depending on the specialty making the diagnosis. ENT proportions were dominated by BPPV, Psychogenic and Menière's disease diagnostic categories, whereas emergency proportions were dominated by Other, Cardiac, and Neurological categories. Analysis of case series proportions over time revealed increases in diagnoses such as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Vestibular Migraine, and a corresponding decrease in the diagnoses of Menière's disease.
Heat-Stable Carbetocin Versus Oxytocin to Prevent Hemorrhage After Vaginal Birth
Authors: Widmer Mariana , Piaggio Gilda , Nguyen Thi M. H. , Osoti Alfred , Owa Olorunfemi O. , Misra Sujata , Coomarasamy Arri , Abdel-Aleem Hany , Mallapur Ashalata A. , Qureshi Zahida , Lumbiganon Pisake , Patel Archana B. , Carroli Guillermo , Fawole Bukola , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Pujar Yeshita V. , Neilson James , Hofmeyr G. Justus , Su Lin L. , Ferreira de Carvalho Jose , Pandey Uma , Mugerwa Kidza , Shiragur Shobha S. , Byamugisha Josaphat , Giordano Daniel , Gülmezoglu A. Metin 
Published: November 2018

(Abstracted from New Engl J Med 2018;379:743–752)
Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal death. Oxytocin is the standard therapy for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage, but it requires cold storage, which is not available in many countries, and has unsatisfactory real-world efficacy as a result of heat sensitivity and quality issues such as insufficient active ingredient or impurities.
Dural Reconstruction With Autologous Rectus Fascia: A New Technique for Addressing Large-Sized Defects During Cranioplasty
Authors: Santiago Gabriel , Wolff Amir , Huang Judy , Weingart Jon , Brem Henry , Gordon Chad R. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
Patients requiring cranioplasty reconstruction with customized cranial implants may unexpectedly present with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and durotomies following previous neurosurgical procedures. As such, multiple factors influence the type of dural reconstruction chosen at this time, which are essential for achieving long-term success. Overall, the most common material used for duraplasty is currently an “off-the-shelf” xenograft construct. However, some believe that they are not suitable for large-sized defects and accompany a higher incident of complications. Therefore, based on our success and experience with scalp augmentation using rectus fascia grafts, the authors herein present our preliminary experience with duraplasty using autologous rectus fascia grafts (ARFGs).

Methods:
A retrospective review of our database, consisting of 437 cranial reconstructions from 2012 to 2017, was performed under institutional review board approval. Selection criteria included all adult patients (n = 6) requiring dural reconstruction (duraplasty) with ARF grafting for an active CFS leak with concomitant skull defect. Cadaver study and patient illustrations are also presented to demonstrate clinical applicability. All outcomes, including complications, were reviewed and are presented here.

Results:
A total of 6 patients underwent autologous duraplasty with either unilateral or bilateral ARFGs. All patients (6/6) of large-sized (>3 cm2) defect repair with ARFGs were indicated for repair of secondary CSF leaks following previous craniotomy by neurosurgery. To date, none have demonstrated recurrent leaking and/or dura-related complications. At this time, all 6 patients were reconstructed using customized cranial implants with a mean follow-up of 10 months.

Conclusion:
Based on our preliminary experience presented here, the use of rectus fascia grafts for autologous dural reconstruction appears to be both safe and reliable. This new technique adds another tool to the neurosurgical armamentarium by reducing the additional risk of “off-the-shelf” dural substitutes.
The Effect Evaluation of Functional Appliance Used for Class II Patients With Temporomandibular Joint Anterior Disc Displacement
Authors: Shen Pei , Liu Xiaohan , Xie Qianyang , Zhang Shanyong , Yang Chi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Orthopedic functional appliances are usually used to correct patients with retrognathic mandible. However, a part of cases have a trend of relapse after splint treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the role of temporomandibular joint disc position in functional appliance treatment. This study included 8 patients who had 1 joint anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) and the other joint anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Only the ADDWR joint could return to its normal position after wearing the anterior repositioning appliances (ARAs). Condylar morphology, condylar height, and disc length were evaluated 6 months after ARA treatment. The MRI showed that new bone appeared on 7 joints with ADDWR and on 1 joint with ADDWoR. The condylar height has increased 1.4 mm in the ADDWR group, while 0.1 mm shorter in the ADDWoR group. Disc length has increased from 8.5 to 8.7 mm in the ADDWR group and 0.4 mm shorter in the ADDWoR group after wearing the ARA. Our results suggested that it is noneffective of functional appliance used for class II malocclusion adolescents with ADDWoR and only a normal disc-condyle relationship benefits condyle growth by functional appliance. Thus it is important to reposition the disc as soon as possible.
Transcriptomics-based screening identifies pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 as a means to defer aging
Authors: Janssens Georges E. , Lin Xin-Xuan , Millán-Ariño Lluís , Seinstra Renée I. , Stroustrup Nicholas , Nollen Ellen A. A. , Riedel Christian G. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAging is a major risk factor for human morbidity and mortality. Thus, the identification of compounds that defer aging, also known as ‘geroprotectors’, could greatly improve our health and promote a longer life. Here we screened for geroprotectors, employing the power of human transcriptomics to predict biological age. We used age-stratified human tissue transcriptomes to generate machine-learning-based classifiers capable of distinguishing transcriptomes from young versus old individuals. Then we applied these classifiers to transcriptomes induced by 1300 different compounds in human cell lines and ranked these compounds by their ability to induce a ‘youthful’ transcriptional state. Besides known geroprotectors, several new candidate compounds emerged from this ranking. Testing these in the model organismC. elegans, we identified two Hsp90 inhibitors, Monorden and Tanespimycin, which substantially extended the animals’ lifespan and improved their health. Hsp90 inhibition specifically induces the expression of heat shock proteins, known to improve protein homeostasis. Consistently, Monorden treatment improved the survival ofC. elegansunder proteotoxic stress, and its lifespan benefits were fully dependent on the master regulator of the cytosolic unfolded protein response, the transcription factor HSF-1. Taken together, we present an innovative transcriptomics-based screening approach to discover aging-preventive compounds and highlight Hsp90 inhibitors as powerful geroprotectors that could be of great value, to target the aging process in humans.
Population structure across scales facilitates coexistence and spatial heterogeneity of antibiotic-resistant infections
Authors: Krieger Madison S. , Denison Carson E. , Anderson Thayer L. , Nowak Martin A. , Hill Alison L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAntibiotic-resistant infections are a growing threat to human health, but basic features of the eco-evolutionary dynamics remain unexplained. Most prominently, there is no clear mechanism for the long-term coexistence of both drug-sensitive and resistant strains at intermediate levels, a ubiquitous pattern seen in surveillance data. Here we show that accounting for structured or spatially-heterogeneous host populations and variability in antibiotic consumption can lead to persistent coexistence over a wide range of treatment coverages, drug efficacies, costs of resistance, and mixing patterns. Moreover, this mechanism can explain other puzzling spatiotemporal features of drug-resistance epidemiology that have received less attention, such as large differences in the prevalence of resistance between geographical regions with similar antibiotic consumption or that neighbor one another. We find that the same amount of antibiotic use can lead to very different levels of resistance depending on how treatment is distributed in a transmission network. We also identify parameter regimes in which population structure alone cannot support coexistence, suggesting the need for other mechanisms to explain the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance. Our analysis identifies key features of host population structure that can be used to assess resistance risk and highlights the need to include spatial or demographic heterogeneity in models to guide resistance management.
Chondrocyte-specific RUNX2 Overexpression Causes Chondrodysplasia During Development, but is Not Sufficient to Induce OA-like Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Adult Mice Without Injury
Authors: Catheline Sarah E. , Hoak Donna , Chang Martin , Ketz John P. , Hilton Matthew J. , Zuscik Michael J. , Jonason Jennifer H. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTRUNX2 is a transcription factor critical for chondrocyte maturation and normal endochondral bone formation. It promotes the expression of factors catabolic to the cartilage extracellular matrix and is shown to be upregulated in human osteoarthritic cartilage and in murine articular cartilage following joint injury. To date,in vivostudies of RUNX2 overexpression in cartilage have been limited to forced expression in osteochondroprogenitor cells preventing investigation into the effects of chondrocyte-specific RUNX2 overexpression during development or in postnatal articular cartilage. Here, we used theRosa26Runx2allele in combination with the inducibleCol2a1CreERT2transgene or the inducibleAcanCreERT2knock-in allele to achieve chondrocyte-specific RUNX2 overexpression (OE) during embryonic development or in the postnatal articular cartilage of adult mice, respectively. RUNX2 OE was induced at E13.5 for all developmental studies and resulted in a phenotype resembling chondrodysplasia at E18.5. Histology andin situhybridization analyses suggest an early onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy and accelerated terminal maturation in the limbs of the RUNX2 OE embryos compared to control embryos. Additionally, RUNX2 OE resulted in enhanced TUNEL staining indicative of increased chondrocyte apoptosis throughout all regions of the growth plate. For all postnatal studies, RUNX2 OE was induced at 2 months of age. Surprisingly, no histopathological signs of OA or cartilage catabolism were observed even six months following induction of RUNX2 OE in postnatal animals. Using the meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI), a surgical model of knee joint destabilization and meniscal injury, however, we found that chondrocyte-specific RUNX2 OE accelerates the progression of OA pathogenesis following joint trauma. Histomorphometry and OARSI scoring confirmed decreased cartilage area two months following injury in the RUNX2 OE joints compared to control joints. Further, the numbers of MMP13-positive and TUNEL-positive chondrocytes were significantly greater in the articular cartilage of the RUNX2 OE joints compared to control joints one month following injury. Collectively, our data support that RUNX2 OE in growth plate chondrocytes is sufficient to promote their hypertrophy and terminal maturation during development. While RUNX2 overexpression alone is surprisingly insufficient to induce catabolic changes to the postnatal articular cartilage, it can accelerate the progression of post-traumatic OA. These results suggest that although increased RUNX2 expression may predetermine the rate of OA onset and/or progression following traumatic joint injury, alone this change is not sufficient to initiate the OA degenerative process.