bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide ameliorates vascular dysfunction induced by hyperglycaemia
Authors: Solymar Margit , Ivic Ivan , Balasko Marta , Fulop Balazs D , Toth Gabor , Tamas Andrea , Reman Gyongyver , Koller Akos , Reglodi Dora 
Published: February 2018

Background: Short-lasting hyperglycaemia occurs frequently in prediabetes and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus leading to vascular damage. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to play a protective role in vascular complications of diabetes; moreover, antioxidant effects of PACAP were also described. Therefore, we hypothesized that PACAP exerts protective effects in short-term hyperglycaemia-induced vascular dysfunctions. Methods: After short-term hyperglycaemia, acetylcholine-induced and sodium nitroprusside–induced vascular relaxation of mouse carotid arteries were tested with a myograph with or without the presence of PACAP or superoxide dismutase. Potential direct antioxidant superoxide-scavenging action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide was tested with pyrogallol autoxidation assay; furthermore, the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide or superoxide dismutase was investigated on hyperglycaemia-associated vascular markers. Results: PACAP administration resulted in reduced endothelial dysfunction after a 1-h hyperglycaemic episode. PACAP was able to restore acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the vessels and improved sodium nitroprusside–induced relaxation. This effect was comparable to the protective effect of superoxide dismutase, but PACAP was unable to directly scavenge superoxide produced by autoxidation of pyrogallol. Endothelial dysfunction was associated with elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor basic, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and nephroblastoma overexpressed gene proteins. Their release was reduced by PACAP administration. Conclusion: These results suggest a strong protective role of PACAP in the vascular complications of diabetes.
Paratonia in Flemish Nursing Homes: Current State of Practice
Authors: Van Deun Bieke , Van den Noortgate Nele , Cinthia Saucedo , Van Bladel Anke , Dirk Cambier 
Published: February 2018

Background: Paratonia is a major underlying motor problem impeding functionality and locomotion in dementia. Despite its undeniable impact on patient’s quality of life and daily care, there is a lack of evidence-based therapy on patients with this condition. Methods: We surveyed physiotherapists working in nursing homes in Flanders (Belgium) concerning the use and perceived effect of therapeutic strategies and positioning methods/aids. Results: Positioning and soft passive mobilization were the most applied and positively appraised therapeutic interventions. Highest ratings for positioning were found for C-shaped positioning cushions and multi-position wheelchair. According to the respondents, key points for paratonia approach were relaxation, positioning, active movement stimulation, and—to some extent—passive mobilization. Indispensable for any success however is multidisciplinary cooperation. Conclusion: These findings might provide an inspirational path for research to verify possible (evidence based) beneficial treatments that could be applied to improve current and future treatment of patients with paratonia.
SREBP2 contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Zheng Lei , Li Li , Lu Yun , Jiang Fangfang , Yang Xiu-An 
Published: February 2018

This study is to investigate transcription factors involved in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. The transcriptome of cisplatin resistant and sensitive A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cells was obtained from GSE15372. Ovarian transcriptome data GSE62944 was downloaded from TCGA and applied for transcription regulatory network analysis. The analysis results were confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The roles of SREBP2 in cisplatin-resistant cells were investigated by RNA inference and cell viability analysis. Transcription regulatory network analysis found that 12 transcription factors and their targets were involved in cisplatin resistant in A2780 cells. Among these factors, the targets of EZH2 and SREBP2 revealed by Transcriptional Regulatory Relationships Unraveled by Sentence-based Text mining were also enriched in differentially expressed genes between cisplatin resistant and cisplatin sensitive cells. Their targets were enriched mainly in cell cycle and cholesterol metabolic process, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis illustrated three known targets of SREBP2, namely LDLR, FDFT1, and HMGCR were increased in A2780-resistant cell lines. Additionally, the three genes and SREBP2 were also elevated in live cells after cisplatin treatment via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Importantly, RNA inference of SREBP2 in A2780 cell line resulted in a decrease of cell viability after cisplatin treatment. SREBP2 played important roles in cisplatin resistance and cholesterol metabolic process might be a novel target for cancer therapy. Impact statement Transcriptome of cisplatin resistant and sensitive A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cells was obtained from GSE15372 and TCGA. Twelve transcription factors and their targets were involved in cisplatin resistant. Among these factors, the targets of EZH2 and SREBP2 revealed by Transcriptional Regulatory Relationships Unraveled by Sentence-based Text mining were also enriched in differentially expressed genes. Their targets were enriched mainly in cell cycle and cholesterol metabolic process. Three targets of SREBP2, namely LDLR, FDFT1, and HMGCR were increased in A2780-resistant cell lines and were found elevated in live cells after cisplatin treatment via qPCR. RNAi of SREBP2 in A2780 cell line resulted in a decrease of cell viability after cisplatin treatment. SREBP2 played important roles in cisplatin resistance and might be a novel target for cancer therapy.
Patient expertise: Contested territory in the realm of long-term condition care
Authors: Francis Helen , Carryer Jenny , Wilkinson Jill 
Published: February 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the experience of people with multiple long-term conditions with particular reference to the notion of the ‘expert patient’ in the context of self-management. Methods A multiple case study of 16 people with several long-term conditions, included interviews and contacts over an 18-month period and an interview with their primary care clinicians. Analysis included both case-by-case and some cross-case analysis. Results The findings reveal the patient participants had little capacity to exercise the agency necessary be an expert patient as premised. Weariness, shame, expertise, issues of compliance and control and collaboration are contested areas underpinning clinician encounters. Discussion Patient expertise is at the heart of self-management approaches but the findings surfaced several inherent contradictions between the idealised expert patient and their position within a health care system that is entrenched in biomedicine. Conclusion There is a mismatch between how the self-management approach has been operationalised and what the participants who have multiple LTCs reveal as what they want and need. The research concludes that the self-management approach is inappropriate for people with multiple LTCs and that other ways of offering care should be considered.
Radial shaft fracture obliquity as a predictor of distal radioulnar joint instability
Authors: Ding Benjamin T. K. , Pillay Kaamini , Sechachalam Sreedharan 
Published: February 2018

We assessed whether radial shaft fracture obliquity measurements on radiographs could predict intra-operative distal radioulnar joint instability. We also clinically validated previously described predictors of distal radioulnar joint instability, which included a fracture line within 7.5 cm of the lunate fossa, radial shortening >5 mm, and ulna styloid fracture. We retrospectively analysed the radiographs of all surgically managed patients in our unit with radial shaft fractures from 2006 through 2016. The degree of obliquity was analysed on the basis of the maximum fracture-line angle in either the coronal or the sagittal plane. A radial shaft fracture obliquity >30° is predictive of distal radioulnar joint instability ( P = 0.001). Radial fracture shaft obliquity >30° was the most sensitive radiological parameter (76%) for predicting distal radioulnar joint instability. Oblique radial shaft fractures appear to be associated with increased incidence of distal radioulnar joint instability. This radiologic parameter may be used together with established parameters in predicting distal radioulnar joint instability for surgical treatment. Level of evidence: III
Evolving Treatment Patterns of NFL Players by Orthopaedic Team Physicians Over the Past Decade, 2008-2016
Authors: Schrock John B. , Carver Trevor J. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , McCarty Eric C. 
Published: February 2018

Background: Previous studies have analyzed the treatment patterns used to manage injuries in National Football League (NFL) players. Hypothesis: Treatment patterns for injuries in NFL players will have changed over the study period. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: The head orthopaedic team physicians for all 32 NFL teams were asked to complete a survey containing questions regarding experience as team physician, medical coverage of the team, and treatment preferences for some of the most common injuries occurring in football players. Responses from the current survey were compared with responses from the same survey sent to NFL team physicians in 2008. Results: Responses were received from 31 (31/32, 97%) NFL team physicians in 2008 and 29 (29/32, 91%) NFL team physicians between April 2016 and May 2017. The proportion of physicians preferring patellar tendon autograft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction increased from 87% in 2008 to 97% in 2016 ( P = 0.054). In 2008, 49% of physicians allowed return to contact after ACL reconstruction at 6 months or less as compared with only 14% of physicians in 2016 ( P = 0.033). In 2008, 93% of physicians used Toradol injections prior to a game to help with nagging injuries. Toradol injection utilization decreased to 48% of physicians in 2016 ( P < 0.001). Seventy-nine percent of physicians would administer 5 or more Toradol injections prior to a game in 2008, as compared with 28% of physicians in 2016 ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Orthopaedic physicians have changed their injury treatment preferences for professional football players. In particular, physicians have become more cautious with allowing players to return to play after ACL reconstruction and with the use of pregame Toradol injections. Clinical Relevance: Expert opinions can help guide treatment decisions and lead to better care of all athletes.
Reannotation and Analysis of Clinical and Chemotherapy Outcomes in the Ovarian Data Set From The Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Villalobos Victor M. , Wang Yan C. , Sikic Branimir I. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose The ovarian cancer data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas integrates genomic and proteomic data with clinical annotations based on chart abstractions. We aimed to develop an algorithm to create a matching, more accessible clinical data set cataloging time to treatment failure (TTF) of sequential lines of treatment in patients with serous ovarian cancers. Materials and Methods The master data set of 587 patients with serous ovarian cancer was condensed into a more homogeneous and clinically relevant population comprised of high-risk patients with both grade 3 cancers and stage III or IV disease, resulting in a subgroup of 450 patients. We quantified the TTF of different lines of therapy as well as different therapeutic combinations by extrapolating from the time of starting one therapy to the time of starting a subsequent therapy. Results The overall survival (OS) of patients was highly related to platinum sensitivity status, with median OS times of 56.6, 27.0, and 11.6 months in patients who had platinum-sensitive, -resistant, or -refractory disease, respectively. In high-risk patients, the median TTFs were 14.8, 10.2, 5.7, and 4.1 months with the first, second, third, and fourth lines of chemotherapy, respectively. Patients with stable disease after first-line therapy had similar OS outcomes as patients with partial remissions (34.4 v 33.7 months, respectively). Conclusion This new data set enhances the clinical annotation by providing exploitable chemotherapy benefit data that can now be paired with genomic and proteomic data within The Cancer Genome Atlas data. The major determinant of OS in this study was platinum sensitivity status. TTF decreased with each successive line of therapy. However, patients who achieved only stable disease with first-line therapy had OS similar to those with partial remission.
Blood Pressure Response during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure
Authors: IL’GIOVINE ZACHARY J. , SOLOMON NICOLE , DEVORE ADAM D. , WOJDYLA DANIEL , PATEL CHETAN B. , ROGERS JOSEPH G. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The prognostic value of peak V˙O2 and V˙
E/V˙CO2 slope measured during cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing has been well established in patients with advanced heart failure, but blood pressure response to exercise is less well characterized.

Methods
We retrospectively studied 151 outpatients who underwent CPX testing as part of an advanced heart failure evaluation. The outcome of interest was failure of medical management, defined by death, cardiac transplantation, or left ventricular assist device placement. Patients were stratified into tertiles by change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (<13, 13–26, and ≥27 mm Hg) during exercise.

Results
Patients in the lowest tertile had the lowest peak V˙O2 (10.2 vs 10.6 vs 13.6 mL·kg−1·min−1, P = <0.001), the highest V˙
E/V˙CO2 slope (42.8 vs 42.1 vs 36.3, P = 0.030), the shortest mean exercise time (5.1 vs 6.0 vs 7.0 min, P = <0.001), and the highest probability of failure of medical management at 1.5 yr (0.69 vs 0.41 vs 0.34, P = 0.011). After multivariate adjustment, increased SBP <20 mm Hg during exercise was associated with a lower hazard of medical management failure (hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.934–0.987), whereas SBP increases >20 mm Hg were associated with an increased hazard (hazard ratio = 1.046, 95% CI = 1.018–1.075).

Conclusion
In conclusion, changes in SBP during CPX testing provide additional prognostic information above standard clinical variables. The peculiar increase in risk noted in those with a rise in SBP >20 mm Hg is less clear and needs to be investigated further.
Doses from cervical spine computed tomography (CT) examinations in the UK
Authors: Holroyd John R , Edyvean Sue 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
To review doses to patients undergoing cervical spine CT examinations in the UK.

Methods:
A data collection form was developed and distributed to medical physicists and radiographers via e-mail distribution lists. The form requested details of CT scanners, exposure protocols and patient dose index information.

Results:
Data were received for 73 scanners. It was seen that 97% of scanners used automatic exposure control, and 60% of scanners used an iterative reconstruction technique for cervical spine examinations. The majority of scans were taken at 120 kV. The average patient dose indicators in terms of CT dose index (CTDIvol) ranged from 3.5 to 39.7 mGy (mean value 16.7 mGy), and for the DLP, ranged from 87 to 1030 mGy cm (mean value 379 mGy cm) as quoted for the standard 32 cm phantom.

Conclusion:
The rounded third quartile value of the mean dose distributions from this study were a CT dose index (CTDIvol) of 20 mGy and a dose–length product of 440 mGy cm as quoted for a 32 cm body phantom. These are significantly higher than those in the 2011 Public Health England CT dose survey when adjusted for phantom size. It is suggested that the existing national diagnostic reference levels for cervical spine CT should be amended, both with the new values and also to quote according to the 32 cm phantom.

Advances in knowledge:
Proposed new national diagnostic reference levels are presented for cervical spine CT examinations.
Can work-related stress and job satisfaction affect job commitment among nurses? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Eskandari Mahdi , Heidari Gorji Mohammad Ali 
Published: February 2018

Background: Considering the significant role of nurses in health care and the importance of commitment in public health, the aim of this study was to examine the association between work-related stress, and job satisfaction and commitment among nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study has been performed among 100 nurses working in a teaching hospital affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, northern Iran, in 2015. The participants were assessed by standard questionnaires on work-related stress, and job satisfaction and commitment. Descriptive indexes were analysed via regression and correlation. Results: The participants were aged between 25 and 45 years. In total, 85% of nurses held a bachelor degree and the rest were postgraduates. Most of the nurses (77%) had experience in their job for more than 10 years. Total score of mean job commitment showed a high score among nurses (102.9±8.9); job satisfaction also showed a mean of (261.6±27.44). Total score of work-related stress was (112.0±11.99). The results indicated that job satisfaction and work-related stress explained 54% of variance in job commitment. The overall job satisfaction (Beta = 0.471, p<0.05) and overall work stress (Beta = -0.635, p<0.102) influenced job commitment. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that work stress and job satisfaction affects job commitment among nurses. Therefore, it is advisable to pay more attention to job satisfaction and stress in these sensitive occupations, to promote commitment and job efficacy.
Clinical signs of trachoma are prevalent among Solomon Islanders who have no persistent markers of prior infection with Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Butcher Robert , Sokana Oliver , Jack Kelvin , Sui Leslie , Russell Charles , Last Anna , Martin Diana L. , Burton Matthew J. , Solomon Anthony W. , Mabey David C.W. , Roberts Chrissy h. 
Published: February 2018

Background: The low population-prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis and high prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) provide contradictory estimates of the magnitude of the public health threat from trachoma in the Solomon Islands. Improved characterisation of the biology of trachoma in the region may support policy makers as they decide what interventions are required. Here, age-specific profiles of anti-Pgp3 antibodies and conjunctival scarring were examined to determine whether there is evidence of ongoing transmission and pathology from ocular Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection. Methods: A total of 1511 individuals aged ≥1 year were enrolled from randomly selected households in 13 villages in which >10% of children aged 1–9 years had TF prior to a single round of azithromycin mass drug administration undertaken six months previously. Blood was collected to be screened for antibodies to the Ct antigen Pgp3. Tarsal conjunctival photographs were collected for analysis of scarring severity. Results: Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity was 18% in 1–9 year olds, sharply increasing around the age of sexual debut to reach 69% in those over 25 years. Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity did not increase significantly between the ages of 1–9 years and was not associated with TF (p=0.581) or scarring in children (p=0.472). Conjunctival scars were visible in 13.1% of photographs. Mild (p<0.0001) but not severe (p=0.149) scars increased in prevalence with age. Conclusions: Neither conjunctival scars nor lymphoid follicles were associated with antibodies to Ct, suggesting that they are unlikely to be a direct result of ocular Ct infection. Clinical signs of trachoma were prevalent in this population but were not indicative of the underlying rates of Ct infection. The current World Health Organization guidelines for trachoma elimination indicated that this population should receive intervention with mass distribution of antibiotics, but the data presented here suggest that this may not have been appropriate.
Arbitrage Involvement and Security Prices
Authors: Hwang Byoung-Hyoun , Liu Baixiao , Xu Wei 
Published: February 2018

We propose that hedge funds more aggressively buy underpriced stocks when they are allowed to short. To test our proposition, we utilize the institutional feature in Hong Kong in virtue of which only stocks added to a special list can be shorted. Our first-stage analysis uses hedge fund holdings data and provides evidence that the emergency of shortable securities, indeed, causes hedge funds to more aggressively buy seemingly underpriced stocks. Our second-stage analysis presents evidence that hedge funds’ increased involvement in these stocks helps correct underpricing and moves prices in the direction of fundamentals. This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2912 .
Vertical and Horizontal Wage Dispersion and Mobility Outcomes: Evidence from the Swedish Microdata
Authors: Kacperczyk Aleksandra , Balachandran Chanchal 
Published: February 2018

Using employer–employee matched data from Sweden between 2001 and 2008, we test hypotheses designed to assess the contingent nature of the relationship between wage dispersion and cross-firm mobility. Whereas past research has mostly established that dispersed wages increase interfirm mobility, we investigate the conditions under which pay variance might have the opposite effect, serving to retain workers. We propose that the effect of wage dispersion is contingent on organizational rank and that it depends on whether wages are dispersed vertically (between job levels) or horizontally (within the same job level). We find that vertical wage dispersion suppresses cross-firm mobility because it is associated with outcomes beneficial for employees, such as attractive advancement opportunities. By contrast, horizontal wage dispersion increases cross-firm mobility because it is associated with outcomes harmful for employees, such as inequity concerns. We further find that the vertical-dispersion effect is amplified (mitigated) for bottom (top) different-level wage earners because bottom (top) wage earners have the most (least) to gain from climbing the job ladder. Similarly, the horizontal-dispersion effect is amplified (mitigated) for bottom (top) same-level wage earners because bottom (top) wage earners are most (least) subject to negative consequences of this dispersion. More broadly, this study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between wage dispersion and cross-firm mobility. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1169 .
24 Hours in a Revolution: Participatory music in the Umbrella Movement
Authors: Wong Samson Kei Shun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The Umbrella Movement (UM) in Hong Kong, through its prolonged street occupation, has created an expressive platform for countless artworks by artists and amateurs. Under investigation is 24 Hours in the Revolution, a group of mostly musicians who facilitated thirteen song writing sessions inside and outside the protest sites. In addition to being an invaluable source of documentation of the movement, this collection of 40 collaboratively written songs is unique among protest music in being highly personal, detailing individuals’ motivations to join the movement and their on-site experiences and emotions. The lyrics of the songs are analysed within the context of the UM, supported by available studies, interviews, documentations and news reports. The analysis expands the ten functions of ‘culture in movement’ to include the therapeutic impact of participatory music-making in providing psychological relieve and fortifications.