bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant nonvolatile resistive switching in a Mott oxide and ferroelectric hybrid
Authors: Salev Pavel , del Valle Javier , Kalcheim Yoav , Schuller Ivan K. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
New materials are currently investigated as a basis for energy-efficient computational paradigms such as neuromorphic computing. In materials exhibiting a metal–insulator transition (MIT), a small stimulus can trigger a large change in electrical conductivity. This can be used to mimic brain-spiking activity in biologically inspired electronics. Enabling continuous, nonvolatile, and reversible tuning of the MIT is important for implementing learning algorithms. Here we demonstrate an unprecedentedly large, voltage-controlled MIT temperature modulation and resistive switching in a Mott-oxide/ferroelectric heterostructure. Our results imply this effect is produced by strain tuning of the structural phase transition (SPT) which is coupled to the MIT. Since many Mott oxides have concurrent MIT and SPT, our results are directly relevant to a broad range of correlated oxides heterostructures.
The effect of low temperature atmospheric nitrogen plasma on MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro
Authors: Przekora Agata , Pawlat Joanna , Terebun Piotr , Duday David , Canal Cristina , Hermans Sophie , Audemar Maïté , Labay Cédric , Thomann Jean-Sébastien , Ginalska Grazyna 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma on viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of normal mouse calvarial preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 Subclone 4), which were maintained in Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) during plasma exposure. Obtained results clearly demonstrated that short-time (4, 8, and 16 s) nitrogen plasma treatment is non-toxic to the MC3T3-E1 cells, does not affect cell morphology, promotes preosteoblasts’ proliferation, enhances osteogenic differentiation by increasing bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin concentration, but inhibits mineralization of extracellular matrix. The best results were achieved for 16 s exposure time and when the preosteoblasts were left in HBSS for 3 h after plasma treatment. Presented studies indicate great clinical potential of cold atmospheric nitrogen plasma for regenerative medicine applications to improve bone healing process.
Uncertainty analysis in structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI) applied to non-linear signals: gas-phase phosphor thermometry
Authors: Fan Luming , Hochgreb Simone 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recent studies have used structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI) combined with phosphor thermography to remove multiple scatter effects and near-wall reflections, which lead to biases in temperature measurements and reduced spatial resolution. We show that for the typical non-linear pump-signal range under which thermographic phosphors are used, errors may arise in the reconstruction of the temperature field using SLIPI. In this study, synthetic laser induced phosphorescence (LIP) images are generated numerically by adapting the synthetic PIV image generator for the purpose. The simulations are combined with phosphorescent signal yield functions obtained from experimental data to investigate the application of SLIPI to gas-phase phosphor thermography. We conclude that whilst SLIPI is effective in removing scattering noise for phosphors for which the two-colour signal ratio is insensitive to the laser fluence, it creates a bias in the temperature measurement otherwise. We also show that the extent of multiple scatter in LIP images is always overestimated by SLIPI, owning to the non-linear emission behaviour and particle image diffraction.
Response of the QED(2) vacuum to a quench: Long-term oscillations of the electric field and the pair creation rate
Authors: Otto A , Graeveling D , Kämpfer B 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We consider—within QED(2)—the backreaction to the Schwinger pair creation in a time dependent, spatially homogeneous electric field. Our focus is the screening of the external field as a quench and the subsequent long-term evolution of the resulting electric field. Our numerical solutions of the self consistent, fully backreacted dynamical equations exhibit a self-sustaining oscillation of both the electric field and the pair number depending on the coupling strength.
The 2019 mathematical oncology roadmap
Authors: Rockne Russell C , Hawkins-Daarud Andrea , Swanson Kristin R , Sluka James P , Glazier James A , Macklin Paul , Hormuth David A , Jarrett Angela M , Lima Ernesto A B F , Tinsley Oden J , Biros George , Yankeelov Thomas E , Curtius Kit , Al Bakir Ibrahim , Wodarz Dominik , Komarova Natalia , Aparicio Luis , Bordyuh Mykola , Rabadan Raul , Finley Stacey D , Enderling Heiko , Caudell Jimmy , Moros Eduardo G , Anderson Alexander R A , Gatenby Robert A , Kaznatcheev Artem , Jeavons Peter , Krishnan Nikhil , Pelesko Julia , Wadhwa Raoul R , Yoon Nara , Nichol Daniel , Marusyk Andriy , Hinczewski Michael , Scott Jacob G 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Whether the nom de guerre is Mathematical Oncology, Computational or Systems Biology, Theoretical Biology, Evolutionary Oncology, Bioinformatics, or simply Basic Science, there is no denying that mathematics continues to play an increasingly prominent role in cancer research. Mathematical Oncology—defined here simply as the use of mathematics in cancer research—complements and overlaps with a number of other fields that rely on mathematics as a core methodology. As a result, Mathematical Oncology has a broad scope, ranging from theoretical studies to clinical trials designed with mathematical models. This Roadmap differentiates Mathematical Oncology from related fields and demonstrates specific areas of focus within this unique field of research. The dominant theme of this Roadmap is the personalization of medicine through mathematics, modelling, and simulation. This is achieved through the use of patient-specific clinical data to: develop individualized screening strategies to detect cancer earlier; make predictions of response to therapy; design adaptive, patient-specific treatment plans to overcome therapy resistance; and establish domain-specific standards to share model predictions and to make models and simulations reproducible. The cover art for this Roadmap was chosen as an apt metaphor for the beautiful, strange, and evolving relationship between mathematics and cancer.
Inclusive Language in Spanish as Interpellation to Educational Authorities
Authors: Banegas Darío Luis , López María Fernanda 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The aim of this commentary is to discuss and promote discussion on some linguistic and pedagogical issues around the use of gender inclusive language, particularly the -e morpheme in plural forms, in Spanish. Its speakers are experiencing and becoming aware of language change in real time concerning the use of morphosyntactic choices that seek embrace gender equality, diversity, representation, and diversity. This language change impacts directly on formal education and educational administrators who are under pressure not only from different social actors but also from their own beliefs on whether they should promote, ignore, or mitigate the linguistic changes that society is producing through their situated practices. Against this background, to what extent are educational authorities professionally prepared to encourage academic discussions on inclusive language in education? How can applied linguists help? Having these questions as our Southern Cross, our commentary lies at the intersection of language change and educational authorities’ professional knowledge.
The genomic architecture of antimalarial drug resistance
Authors: Cowell Annie N , Winzeler Elizabeth A 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, the two protozoan parasite species that cause the majority of cases of human malaria, have developed resistance to nearly all known antimalarials. The ability of malaria parasites to develop resistance is primarily due to the high numbers of parasites in the infected person’s bloodstream during the asexual blood stage of infection in conjunction with the mutability of their genomes. Identifying the genetic mutations that mediate antimalarial resistance has deepened our understanding of how the parasites evade our treatments and reveals molecular markers that can be used to track the emergence of resistance in clinical samples. In this review, we examine known genetic mutations that lead to resistance to the major classes of antimalarial medications: the 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine, amodiaquine and piperaquine), antifolate drugs, aryl amino-alcohols (quinine, lumefantrine and mefloquine), artemisinin compounds, antibiotics (clindamycin and doxycycline) and a napthoquinone (atovaquone). We discuss how the evolution of antimalarial resistance informs strategies to design the next generation of antimalarial therapies.
Genome-wide identification and analysis of the eQTL lncRNAs in multiple sclerosis based on RNA-seq data
Authors: Han Zhijie , Xue Weiwei , Tao Lin , Lou Yan , Qiu Yunqing , Zhu Feng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is significantly regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the expression of which is substantially influenced by a number of MS-associated risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It is thus hypothesized that the dysregulation of lncRNA induced by genomic variants may be one of the key molecular mechanisms for the pathology of MS. However, due to the lack of sufficient data on lncRNA expression and SNP genotypes of the same MS patients, such molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of MS remain elusive. In this study, a bioinformatics strategy was applied to obtain lncRNA expression and SNP genotype data simultaneously from 142 samples (51 MS patients and 91 controls) based on RNA-seq data, and an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was conducted. In total, 2383 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified as specifically expressing in brain-related tissues, and 517 of them were affected by SNPs. Then, the functional characterization, secondary structure changes and tissue and disease specificity of the cis-eQTL SNPs and lncRNA were assessed. The cis-eQTL SNPs were substantially and specifically enriched in neurological disease and intergenic region, and the secondary structure was altered in 17.6% of all lncRNAs in MS. Finally, the weighted gene coexpression network and gene set enrichment analyses were used to investigate how the influence of SNPs on lncRNAs contributed to the pathogenesis of MS. As a result, the regulation of lncRNAs by SNPs was found to mainly influence the antigen processing/presentation and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway in MS. These results revealed the effectiveness of the strategy proposed in this study and give insight into the mechanism (SNP-mediated modulation of lncRNAs) underlying the pathology of MS.
MINERVA API and plugins: opening molecular network analysis and visualization to the community
Authors: Hoksza David , Gawron Piotr , Ostaszewski Marek , Smula Ewa , Schneider Reinhard 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Summary
The complexity of molecular networks makes them difficult to navigate and interpret, creating a need for specialized software. MINERVA is a web platform for visualization, exploration and management of molecular networks. Here, we introduce an extension to MINERVA architecture that greatly facilitates the access and use of the stored molecular network data. It allows to incorporate such data in analytical pipelines via a programmatic access interface, and to extend the platform’s visual exploration and analytics functionality via plugin architecture. This is possible for any molecular network hosted by the MINERVA platform encoded in well-recognized systems biology formats. To showcase the possibilities of the plugin architecture, we have developed several plugins extending the MINERVA core functionalities. In the article, we demonstrate the plugins for interactive tree traversal of molecular networks, for enrichment analysis and for mapping and visualization of known disease variants or known adverse drug reactions to molecules in the network.

Availability and implementation
Plugins developed and maintained by the MINERVA team are available under the AGPL v3 license at https://git-r3lab.uni.lu/minerva/plugins/. The MINERVA API and plugin documentation is available at https://minerva-web.lcsb.uni.lu.
Systematic Review: Components of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Potentially Promising but Often Neglected Risk Stratification
Authors: Asscher Vera E R , Lee-Kong Felicia V Y , Kort Esther D , van Deudekom Floor J , Mooijaart Simon P , Maljaars P W Jeroen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The population of older patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is increasing. Patient age does not fully account for poor outcomes and its clinical utility for risk stratification is limited. Comprehensive geriatric assessment [CGA], comprising a somatic, functional, mental, and social assessment or frailty, could be a predictor tool.

Aims
To systematically review literature on the kind of components of a CGA being used in adult IBD patients and the association of these components with adverse health outcomes.

Methods
An electronic literature search was performed on January 16, 2018, using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CENTRAL, Emcare, and PsycINFO. Longitudinal studies relating somatic, functional, mental, and social assessment or frailty to adverse health outcomes during follow-up in IBD patients were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess individual study quality.

Results
Of 4080 identified citations, 27 studies were included, reporting 169 associations. Median sample size was 108 patients (interquartile range [IQR] 60–704). No studies performed subgroup analyses on older patients, and the highest mean age reported was 52.7 years. Somatic and functional assessments were used in three studies, mental in 24, and social in five. No study assessed cognitive status, functional performance, or frailty. In 62 associations [36.7%], components of a CGA were significantly associated with adverse health outcome measurements.

Conclusions
Components of a CGA were associated with adverse health outcomes in IBD patients, but older patients were under-represented. More studies among older patients with IBD are warranted to further establish the clinical impact of a CGA.
Labour Market Returns to Graduates’ International Experience: Exploring Cross-Country Variation in Europe
Authors: Jacob Marita , Kühhirt Michael , Rodrigues Margarida 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe potential benefits of increased international experience abound, ranging from enriching cultural understanding to an improvement of language skills and intercultural competence. At the same time, empirical evidence is mixed, particularly with regards to how well international experience translates into individual returns on the labour market. This article examines the association between studying abroad and early labour market outcomes in a comparative perspective aiming to shed light on why labour market returns differ across countries. We expect labour market returns to vary with specific country characteristics such as demand for international experience and competition among graduates at labour market entry. In our empirical analyses, we use data from 13 European countries that provide information on graduates’ early labour market outcomes. We find a large variation in the impact of studying abroad on both wages and attaining a higher service class position. Generally, the labour market returns to international experience are larger in countries in Eastern and Southern Europe with poorer university quality, higher graduate unemployment, and fewer students abroad.
Close cousins in protection: the evolution of two norms
Authors: Rhoads Emily Paddon , Welsh Jennifer 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Protection of Civilians (PoC) in peacekeeping and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) populations from atrocity crimes are two norms that emerged at the turn of the new millennium with the aim of protecting vulnerable peoples from mass violence and/or systematic and widespread violations of human rights. To date, most scholars have analysed the discourses over the status, strength and robustness of both norms separately. And yet, the distinction between the two has at times been exceptionally fine. In this article, we analyse the constitutive relationship between PoC and R2P, and the impact of discursive and behavioural contestation on their joint evolution within the UN system and state practice over three phases (1999–2005; 2006–10; 2011–18). In so doing, we contribute to the International Relations literature on norms by illuminating ideational interplay in the dynamics of norm evolution and contestation. More specifically, we illustrate how actors may seek to strengthen support for one norm, or dimension of a norm, by contrasting it or linking it with another. Our analysis also reveals that while the two norms of R2P and PoC were initially debated and implemented through different institutional paths and policy frameworks, discursive and behavioural contestation has in more recent years brought them closer together in one important respect. The meaning ascribed to both norms—by representatives of states and institutions such as the United Nations—has become more state-centric, with an emphasis on building and strengthening the capacity of national authorities to protect populations. This meaning contrasts with the more cosmopolitan origins of R2P and PoC, and arguably limits possibilities for the external enforcement of both norms through any form of international authority that stands above or outside sovereign states. This article forms part of the special section of the May 2019 issue of International Affairs on ‘The dynamics of dissent’, guest-edited by Anette Stimmer and Lea Wisken.
Increased Healthcare Utilization by Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Covered by Medicaid at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Axelrad Jordan E , Sharma Rajani , Laszkowska Monika , Packey Christopher , Rosenberg Richard , Lebwohl Benjamin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Low socioeconomic status has been linked with numerous poor health outcomes, but data are limited regarding the impact of insurance status on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcomes. We aimed to characterize utilization of healthcare resources by IBD patients based on health insurance status, using Medicaid enrollment as a proxy for low socioeconomic status.

Methods
We retrospectively identified adult patients with IBD engaged in a colorectal cancer surveillance colonoscopy program from July 2007 to June 2017. Our primary outcomes included emergency department (ED) visits, inpatient hospitalizations, biologic infusions, and steroid exposure, stratified by insurance status. We compared patients who had ever been enrolled in Medicaid with all other patients.

Results
Of 947 patients with IBD, 221 (23%) had been enrolled in Medicaid. Compared with patients with other insurance types, patients with Medicaid had higher rates of ever being admitted to the hospital (77.6% vs 42.6%, P &lt; 0.0001) or visiting the ED (90.5% vs 38.4%, P &lt; 0.0001). When adjusted for sex, age at first colonoscopy, and ethnicity, patients with Medicaid had a higher rate of inpatient hospitalizations (Rate ratio [RR] 2.95; 95% CI 2.59–3.36) and ED visits (RR 4.24; 95% CI 3.82–4.70) compared to patients with other insurance. Patients with Medicaid had significantly higher prevalence of requiring steroids (62.4% vs 37.7%, P &lt; 0.0001), and after adjusting for the same factors, the odds of requiring steroids in the patients with Medicaid was increased (OR 3.77; 95% CI 2.53–5.62).

Conclusions
Medicaid insurance was a significant predictor of IBD care and outcomes. Patients with Medicaid may have less engagement in IBD care and seek emergency care more often.
Early-life exposure to ambient fine particulate air pollution and infant mortality: pooled evidence from 43 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Goyal Nihit , Karra Mahesh , Canning David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Many low- and middle-income countries are experiencing high and increasing exposure to ambient fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5). The effect of PM2.5 on infant and child mortality is usually modelled using concentration response curves extrapolated from studies conducted in settings with low ambient air pollution, which may not capture its full effect.

Methods
We pool data on more than half a million births from 69 nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys that were conducted in 43 low- and middle-income countries between 1998 and 2014, and we calculate early-life exposure (exposure in utero and post partum) to ambient PM2.5 using high-resolution calibrated satellite data matched to the child’s place of residence. We estimate the association between the log of early-life PM2.5 exposure, both overall and separated by type, and the odds of neonatal and infant mortality, adjusting for child-level, parent-level and household-level characteristics.

Results
We find little evidence that early-life exposure to overall PM2.5 is associated with higher odds of mortality relative to low exposure to PM2.5. However, about half of PM2.5 is naturally occurring dust and sea-salt whereas half is from other sources, comprising mainly carbon-based compounds, which are mostly due to human activity. We find a very strong association between exposure to carbonaceous PM2.5 and infant mortality, particularly neonatal mortality, i.e. mortality in the first 28 days after birth. We estimate that, at the mean level of exposure in the sample to carbonaceous PM2.5—10.9 µg/m3—the odds of neonatal mortality are over 50% higher than in the absence of pollution.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the current World Health Organization guideline of limiting the overall ambient PM2.5 level to less than 10 µg/m³ should be augmented with a lower limit for harmful carbonaceous PM2.5.