bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red‐light Emitting Orthogonally Trireactive Gold Nanoclusters for the Synthesis of Multifunctionalized Nanomaterials
Authors: Watanabe Kenji , Uetake Yuta , Hata Machi , Kuwano Anna , Yamamoto Riko , Yamamoto Yasutomo , Kodera Masahito , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Niwa Takashi , Hosoya Takamitsu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor the development of highly multifunctionalized nanomaterials, the introduction of functional molecules on gold nanoclusters containing thiols preinstalled with connecting groupsconstitutes a promising approach. However, the uniform introduction of multiple connecting groups while avoiding side reactions is a challenging task. Herein, the synthesis of gold nanoclusters (ca. 1 nm) coated with thiol peptides bearing azido, amino, and aminooxy groups is reported. These nanoclusters emit red‐light before and after the functionalization, enabling application to cell imaging. A detailed structure analysis using transmission electron microscope and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the formation of Aun(SR)m nanoclusters as promising motifs for red‐light emission. The sequential modification of the trireactive nanoclusters with RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp) peptides, metal chelators, and anticancer drugs via [3+2] cycloaddition, oximation, and amidation reactions at each functional group furnish red‐light‐emissive nanomaterials exhibiting remarkable toxicity against A549 human lung cancer cells. Integration of the multiligation chemistry and gold nanocluster engineering pave the way toward the development of advanced multifunctional nanomaterials for biological applications.
Internalization and Cellular Fate of Protein Corona‐Coated Nanoparticles by Multimodal Multi‐Scale Microscopy
Authors: Galdino Flávia E. , Rabelo Renata S. , Scarpa Isabella , Yoneda Juliana S. , Consonni Sílvio R. , Paes Leme Adriana F. , Smith Andrew M. , Harkiolaki Maria , Cardoso Mateus B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUpon exposure to biological environments, nanoparticles are rapidly coated with biomolecules, predominantly proteins, which alter their colloidal stability, biodistribution, and cell interactions. Despite extensive efforts to investigate the nanoparticles' fate, only a few studies use high‐resolution characterization methods that allow in‐depth characterization, and the existing methodologies are unable to differentiate particles internalized at the onset of incubation from those taken up toward the end of an incubation period. In this study, these limitations related to incubation disparities are overcame and precisely monitored the spatiotemporal displacement of colloidally stable protein corona‐coated nanoparticles within cells. An unprecedented application of cryogenic X‐ray nanotomography, combined with high‐resolution, super‐resolution, and correlative microscopy techniques, revealed the migration of nanoparticles to the perinuclear region while monitoring the evolution of cellular organelles in fully hydrated cells under near‐native conditions, without the need for contrasting agents. Notably, this tracking indicates the progressive fusion of vesicles carrying the nanoparticles intracellularly. This strategy demonstrates the potential for uncovering the temporal aspects of nanoparticle behavior within cells and can be adaptable to a wide range of nanoparticles and cell types, offering a versatile and powerful tool to follow nanoparticles in cellular environments.
Light‐to‐Spike Encoding Using Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Phototransistor for all‐Color Image Recognition with Dynamic Range and Precision Tunability
Authors: Huang Ya‐Chi , Chen Yu‐Chieh , Chen Kuan‐Ting , Chen Chun‐Tao , Shih Li‐Chung , Chen Jen‐Sue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo enhance the efficiency of machine vision system, physical hardware capable of sensing and encoding is essential. However, sensing and encoding color information has been overlooked. Therefore, this work utilizes an indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) phototransistor to detect varying densities of red, green, and blue (RGB) light, converting them into corresponding drain current (ID) states. By applying stochastic gate voltage (VG) pulses to the IGZO phototransistor, the fluctuations are generated in these ID states. When the ID exceeds the threshold current (ITC), a spike signal is generated. This approach enables the conversion of light densities into spike signals, achieving spike‐rate encoding. Moreover, adjusting the standard deviation (σ) of the VG pulses controls the range of light densities converted into spike rates, while altering the mean (μ) of the VG pulses changes the baseline level of spike rates. Remarkably, separate RGB channels offer a tunable encoding process, which can emphasize individual colors and correct color bias. The encoded spike rates are also fed into a spiking neural network (SNN) for CIFAR‐10 pattern recognition, achieving an accuracy of 86%. The method allows the operation of SNN and shows the tunability in the process of light‐to‐spike encoding, opening possibilities for color image processing.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Approach for Measuring the Diffusion Range in Optical Fibers with Nanostructured Cores
Authors: Michałowski Paweł P. , Pysz Dariusz , Franczyk Marcin , Buczyński Ryszard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA new class of optical fibers with cores composed of various glass nanorods requires a method to determine the internal structure. In particular, the identification of various ion distributions at the fiber cross‐section with nanometer accuracy is required. For this purpose, the classical depth profiling mode of the secondary ion mass spectrometry technique is applied. Multiple sampling with various rotation angles allows to retrieve the 1D profile of distribution for particular ions and determine their diffusion ranges. As a proof‐of‐concept, a nanostructured fiber composed of germanium‐doped silica and ytterbium‐doped silica rods is measured and the accuracy of the measurement is 3 nm. We show that the average diffusion length of germanium and ytterbium is about 41.5 and 116.6 nm, respectively. It is only 23% and as much as 153% of the initial rod diameter for Ge and Yb ions, respectively. The real diffusion range of particular ions has a significant impact on the refractive and gain media distribution in the fiber and influences the optical properties of the fiber. Therefore, information on diffusion is necessary to design nanostructured optical fibers correctly.
Silylated Carbon Nanofiber/Polydimethylsiloxane Based Printable Electrorheological and Sensor Inks for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Bhattacharyya Mriganka , Haridas CP Ajay , Kaushal Manish , Mondal Titash 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrorheological fluids (ERF) have garnered significant attention for their potential to provide actuation on demand. Similarly, developing stimuli‐responsive printable inks for flexible electronics is also gaining antecedence. However, developing a material that demonstrates both functionalities is far and few. Accordingly, a printable ink is made using silylated carbon nanofiber (SiCNF)‐polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The viscosity of the ink increased by 43%, when subjected to an electric field (E). Robust stability for 20 cycles under E = 300 V mm−1 is noted. The yield stress (τy) value increased by 1600% (E = 600 V mm−1) compared to zero‐field yield stress. Applying temperature with E further increased the τy. In the absence of E, applying temperature not only slowed down the relaxation modulus but also counterintuitively augmented the extent of sluggishness with an increase in temperature. A comprehensive study on the waiting time also indicated a structure build‐up within the ink composition happening as the waiting time increases. Accordingly, the time‐temperature and time‐waiting time superposition principle is applied to predict the long‐term behavior of the inks. Further, the printability index of the ink check is studied and used for printing designs using direct ink writing. The printed ink demonstrated pressure sensing capability with a sensitivity of 6.3%/kPa and is stable over 60 cycles.
Heterostructure Engineering in High‐Entropy Alloy Catalysts
Authors: Shi Wenhui , Liu Hanwen , Liu Shijin , Chen Jinli , Tan Fatang , Wan Jun , Yao Yonggang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTConfronting the limitation of traditional homogeneous high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) with randomly distributed elements and active sites, heterostructured HEAs were developed to further amplify catalytic activity and stability. This perspective dissects the genesis of heterogeneity within HEAs, highlighting how their expansive compositional space facilitates the customization of heterogeneity. By manipulating key factors, such as chemical affinity, standard redox potentials, and oxidation potential, researchers are tapping into heterostructured HEAs with unprecedented attributes. Strategies like acid leaching, galvanic replacement, and additive deposition are broadening the structural repertoire of HEAs, steering the development of heterostructured catalysts. This perspective synthesizes current discoveries, introduces provocative concepts, and provides a roadmap for structural engineering in HEA catalysts, particularly harnessing the heterogeneity of HEAs to elevate their catalytic efficiency. The confluence of theoretical and practical advancements is anticipated to lead the way in the evolution of HEA catalysts, endowing them with exceptional capabilities.
Mapping resistance to Sclerotinia white mold in two pinto bean recombinant inbred line populations
Authors: Soler‐Garzón Alvaro , Lopes Fernanda Souza , Roy Jayanta , Clevenger Josh , Myers Zachary , Korani Walid , Pereira Welison Andrade , Song Qijian , Porch Timothy , McClean Phillip E. , Miklas Phillip N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhite mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a devastating disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide. Breeding for resistance to white mold is challenging due to its quantitative inheritance and intricate genetic mechanisms. This research aimed to validate and characterize physiological resistance in the pinto dry bean market class through greenhouse straw tests under controlled conditions and field assessments under natural environments. Classical quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and Khufu de novo QTL‐seq were employed to detect and narrow QTL intervals and identify candidate genes associated with white mold resistance in two pinto bean recombinant inbred line populations, PT9‐5‐6/USPT‐WM‐12 (P2) and PT12‐37/VCP‐13 (P3). Eleven QTL, five in P2 and six in P3, conditioning white mold resistance were identified. New QTL were discovered including WM1.4 and WM11.5 in P2, and WM1.5 and WM7.7 in P3. Existing major‐effect QTL were validated: WM5.4 (34%—phenotypic variation explained) and WM7.4 (20%) in straw tests, and WM2.2 (15%) and WM3.1 (27%) under field conditions. QTL for avoidance traits such as resistance to lodging and late maturity overlapped WM2.2 in P2 and WM1.5, WM3.1, WM5.4, and WM7.7 in P3. WM5.4 (Pv05: 7.0–38.7 Mb) was associated with a large Phaseolus coccineus L. genome introgression in the resistant parent VCP‐13. These findings offer narrowed genomic intervals and putative candidate genes for marker‐assisted selection targeting white mold resistance improvement in pinto beans.
Effects of iodine content on the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial community structure of groundwater in coastal zone: A case study of Bailang River Basin
Authors: Cao Xiaolong , Li Qingyu , Yang Min , Ruzibake Dilibaer , Chen Jianlei , Hu Shuya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIodine is an important component of the thyroid gland, producing hormones. Excess iodine can trigger autoimmune thyroid disease. The salt–freshwater interaction zone of the coastal aquifer is affected by seawater intrusion, and the physical and chemical environment is constantly changing. Exploring the characteristics and influencing factors of high‐iodine groundwater in coastal areas play an important role in the prevention and control of groundwater pollution. In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of high‐iodine groundwater were analyzed. The interrelationship between the water's chemical components was revealed, and the microbial community composition under different iodine concentration gradients in the groundwater was examined using 16sRNA high‐throughput sequencing. The influence of water quality on microbial distribution was also explored. The results showed that the iodine content in the Bailang River Basin ranged from 31 to 1776 μg/L, and the high‐iodine groundwater samples accounted for 67.7%, with uneven spatial distribution. Groundwater samples with different iodine concentrations were grouped and compared, and there was no significant difference in the diversity and richness of microbial communities. At the genus level, iodine concentrations were significantly correlated with Sediminibacterium and Thauera. In addition to iodine, nitrates and sulfates also have a significant effect on microbial communities.Practitioner Points
Groundwater in the south bank of Laizhou Bay is predominantly alkaline, with uneven spatial distribution of iodine content.
As the concentration of iodide increases, the groundwater chemical type tends towards Na‐Cl type.
The concentration of iodine has little effect on the richness and diversity of microbial communities.
The concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and nitrite also affect the microbial structure and species diversity of groundwater.
Study on Performance of Reactive Diluted Cold Patch Asphalt Fluid
Authors: Suo Zhi , Xu Shijie , Hu Tao , Zhang Yue , Wang Yating , Yang Sheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA reactive dilution type of cold patch asphalt liquid was developed in this study using acrylate epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). The AESO was employed as a reactive diluent to replace a portion of conventional solvents. The curing of the cold patch asphalt liquid was facilitated through photoinitiation to enhance the road performance of the cold patch asphalt mixture. An orthogonal experimental design method was used to optimize the proportions of various components, followed by laboratory experiments to investigate the performance of the developed reactive dilution type of cold patch asphalt liquid. The research results indicated that AESO could replace a portion of solvents and significantly reduce the viscosity of the asphalt. The best improvement in the rheological properties of the cold patch asphalt was achieved when the dosage of AESO was 4%. Further increasing the dosage of AESO did not significantly enhance the performance improvement and instead increased viscosity, which was unfavorable for construction. SEM observations revealed the formation of a uniform network structure in the asphalt after curing with AESO, which can enhance the road performance of the cold patch asphalt mixture. The road performance of the reactive dilution type of cold patch asphalt mixture was also preliminarily evaluated through Marshall stability tests.
Research on the Application of Lead Chrome Green in Colored Cement Concrete
Authors: Fu Guangrao , Sun Bo , Feng Zhuangzhuang , Li Hongzhen , Yuan Quan , Cui Xiaohui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo seek new dyes to improve the performance of colored cement concrete pavement, this paper proposes lead chrome green dyes to replace the traditional iron oxide series dyes, and the color durability test, mechanical test, frost resistance test, compression and flexural test, and matching tests are carried out. The results showed that the dyeing effect of lead chrome green dyes is better than that of traditional iron oxide series dyes; lead chrome green can improve the frost resistance of concrete, and iron oxide green has little effect on the frost resistance of concrete. The research results provide more solutions for improving the preparation process of colored concrete.
Distribution of Steel Corrosion Products in a Cracked Concrete Beam Exposed to Coastal Atmosphere
Authors: Dong Jianfeng , Lin Xuepeng , Liu Xueyuan , Guo Jianzong , Zhao Yuxi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the distribution of steel corrosion products in a cracked concrete beam, which was in service under coastal atmospheric conditions for more than 40 years. The thickness of corrosion-product-filled paste (CP) and the thickness of corrosion layer (CL) were measured. The migration behaviour of Fe in the concrete cracks and air voids are investigated. The mechanism of CP formation was revealed. The steel corrosion and corrosion-product-filled paste propagates faster in the tension region than in the compressive region of the beam. In the atmospheric environment, the corrosion products neither fill the cracks or air voids nor do they accumulate on the edge of the cracks or inside the air voids.
Basic Characteristics and Engineering Treatment of Dam Foundation Fault Zone of Gushan Navigation and Power Junction in Hanjiang River
Authors: Wang Qiguo , Hu Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAffected by regional structure and multi-stage metamorphism, the dam site area of Gushan Navigation-Power Junction in Hanjiang River has developed faults in dam foundation, with 97 faults in total, among which 9 faults are wider than 1 m, and the maximum width of fracture zone is 10 m, which has great influence on the project. Through research, the dam foundation fault zone mainly affects the dam's anti-sliding stability, settlement deformation, leakage and seepage stability. According to the scale, spatial distribution, material composition and engineering properties of the fault, and considering the layout characteristics of the hub, measures such as trench excavation and backfilling concrete plugs, consolidation grouting and local increase of anchor rods are adopted for engineering treatment. The monitoring data of more than three years show that the deformation and leakage of dam foundation are within the normal range, which shows that the engineering measures of dam foundation for fault zone are effective.
A Project-Level Pavement Performance Prediction Framework Based on Machine Learning and Time Series Data
Authors: Wei Xinyu , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe numerical deviations of the existing pavement performance prediction models for project-level forecasting make it not suitable for maintenance and repair (M&R) funding planning. Project-level forecasting lacks multi-feature parameters, and high-frequency maintenance makes it lack sufficient time series data. We have constructed a prediction framework to overcome the problem of insufficient data and large forecast bias. The performance of the time series status data-based prediction model is stable. Time series status data play important roles in improving the prediction accuracy, and the effect is greater than that of the dataset size. The difference in prediction accuracy between the machine learning algorithms is not significant. The variable selection conclusions obtained by the mean decrease impurity (MDI) sorting can effectively support random forest (RF), gradient boosting decrease tree (GBDT), and extreme gradient boosting (XGboost) prediction models. The dimensionality of feature data is greatly reduced. The 1–5 year prediction deviations of ride quality index (RQI) and rutting depth index (RDI) are basically within ± 2, which demonstrates the framework is an effective project-level forecasting method for pavement performance.
Study on the Bond-Slip Mechanism and Mechanical Analysis of Steel Reinforced Recycled Concrete
Authors: Bai Guoliang , Ni Tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBased on the results of a large number of experimental studies on the bond-slip launch of steel recycled concrete, the group tries to clarify the transformation law of chemical adhesive force, mechanical bite force and friction force in the process of applied load; analyzes the mechanism of bond evolution through fine view theory and peeling wear theory, and explains the principle that the bond force of steel recycled concrete is weaker than that of ordinary steel concrete; takes micro-segment theory for steel recycled concrete and gives the basic Equation of bond-slip from the perspective of elasticity. The basic Equation of bond-slip is given, and the formula of bond-slip is derived from the perspective of elastic mechanics. The results of the study can provide some reference for the design and calculation theory of steel recycled concrete structures.
Mechanical Analysis of Cement Concrete Pavement Paving Layer Based on Abaqus
Authors: Jiao Suchang , Wu Hongjuan , Xu Zhengrong , Wang Dafeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBased on the theory of elastic layered system, this paper establishes a three-dimensional finite element model of cement concrete overlay structure on old cement concrete pavement with the Abaqus program, and analyzes the influence of modulus change of old cement concrete pavement, modulus change of composite foundation and various overlay thickness on the load stress at the most unfavorable position of different overlay bottom. The analysis results show that before microcracking the old cement concrete pavement, it is necessary to treat the diseases such as voids at the bottom of the old cement concrete slab to ensure the stability of the strength of the old cement concrete slab after microcracking. The strength of the old cement concrete slab after microcracking is not as high as possible, and the strength of the old cement concrete slab is the best at 4000 Mpa. The process of road reconstruction should be timely, the foundation should be reinforced, and its strength should be kept at 180 MPa; the recommended thickness of cement concrete overlay is 18 cm.
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Side Pile Foundation of Shield Tunnel Based on Transparent Soil Test Technology
Authors: Gong Hongxiang , Yin Qian , Chen Wanchun , Wang Jiangwei , Liu Yukun , Cui Yunliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCombined with the practical geotechnical problem of shield tunnel side piercing pile foundation, this paper develops a set of test device that can realistically simulate formation loss and post-wall grouting during shield tunneling by introducing transparent soil test technology and digital image processing technology, carries out indoor model tests on the existing pile foundation of double-line tunnel side penetration, obtains the deformation gauge and dynamic development process of soil and pile foundation caused by double-line tunnel, and analyzes the influence of tunnel burial depth and relative distance between pile and tunnel. The results show that the increase of tunnel burial depth will cause the expansion of soil settlement trough range and peak value. The deformation caused by the pile foundation located on both sides of the double-line tunnel accounts for about 90% of the total deformation compared to the tunnel, and the farther the pile foundation on both sides of the double-line tunnel, the less affected it is. This article can provide guidance and suggestions for the construction of similar projects.