bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Range Transport and Local Emission of Atmospheric PM2.5 in Southern Region of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Dahari N , Muda K , Hussein N , Latif MT , Khan MF , Mohamad Khir MS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The excessive inhalation of pollutant particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) results in risking the human respiratory health. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible pathways of long range and local tranportation for PM2.5 sources. The route patterns are analyzed by using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT 4.9) software during August 2017 to January 2018, covering three main monsoon seasons of Malaysia; southwest (SW), intermonsoon (IM) and northeast (NE) monsoon. This study represents the 72 h air mass backward trajectories in a mixed commercial-residential-industrial site of Skudai, Johor Bahru. The identified source origins are largely varied with different monsoon seasons and meteorological factors. The air-flow at different altitudes results in different effects, as the trajectory at height 500 m contributes to the greatest impact on the pollution level. The potential sources were generally from the Sumatera, Indonesia, during SW monsoon and China, during NE monsoon. The PM2.5 exceedance pattern in the Skudai area is also strongly influenced by the localized circulation, anthropogenic emission and dispersion characteristics. The increased levels of PM2.5 are predominantly contributed by the primary sources of vehicular emissions and industrial activities.
Light Pollution and Health: Case Study of the Lighting Fixtures Applied on Penang Town Hall in George Town, Penang Island
Authors: Abdalla Saeid Ali Alaa , Aqbar Zakaria Safial , Jit Wei Lim , Shien Ng Yee 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lighting design plays a central role in architecture and interior design. When it comes to heritage buildings, the case becomes even more sensitive and requires a delicate consideration of the light application. It is essential to conduct a good source of light to maintain a pleasant sustainable environment and to prompt a positive, healthy behavioural response. The objectives of this study are to outline the issues occur by the lighting application to the heritage building to learn the required factors to be considered in the lighting system as well as recognizing the association between the light pollution and health. The observations done around George Town on Penang Town Hall led to conduct the obstacles of the quality of light and building conservation. It is quite apparent that designers must meet the balance between the beauty of light and the appreciation of historical buildings in George Town
Employee Turnover of Quantity Surveying Firms in Malaysia
Authors: Ilmi Sheikh , Habizah  , Xue Qi He , Gheda Meor , Liza Mariatul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Employees are important stakeholders in any firm. There is a trend of a high employee turnover rate in many firms in the construction industry. However, there is lack of emphasis on the reasons of employee turnover especially in the quantity surveying (QS) firms in Malaysia. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that contribute to turnover and its impact to the quantity surveying consultant firms. The data was collected by distributing survey questionnaires to employees of QS firms to obtain their views on the subject matter. From the analysis, the factors that caused employee turnover were established. Three quarters of respondents replied that their firms are experiencing staff turnover and the most significant impact to the firms is that they are losing their experienced quantity surveyors. In addition, QS staffs are dissatisfied to their current salary and this factor causes them to seek for a higher pay in other firms or places.
Understanding Social Sustainability Criteria for Public School Building
Authors: Rohman MA , Hidayat YA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The school building has an important role in the education process of the young generation. Surabaya as the second biggest city in Indonesia has a quite large number of school buildings. As a building is a construction project, it has a long project life cycle, it is very important to adopt a sustainable development concept to provide maximum benefit to the community. Social sustainability is one of the sustainable development aspects and has a close relationship with the community needs and interests. This aspect is essential to promote project benefit streams to the community not only in the short-term but also in the long-term. This research is an initial research step to investigate social sustainability criteria in public school buildings in Surabaya. Data was collected through a series of research steps consisting of a preliminary survey, pilot test, and questionnaire distribution. Mean analysis was used to rank the attributes criteria according to the three stakeholders’ perceptions. Finally, seventeen attributes were considered relevant to this research. This study provides a reference for the designer as well as the decision-maker such as the government on how to achieve social sustainable public buildings.
On the differences between helicity and chirality
Authors: Mackinnon N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The optical helicity and the optical chirality are two quantities that are used to describe chiral electromagnetic fields. In a monochromatic field, the two quantities are proportional to one another, and the distinction between the two is therefore largely unimportant. However, in a polychromatic field, no such proportionality holds. This paper explicitly examines both the helicity and chirality densities in various polychromatic fields: the superposition of two circularly polarised plane-waves of different frequencies, a chirped pulse of circularly polarised light, and an ‘optical centrifuge’ consisting of two oppositely chirped circularly polarised beams of opposite handedness. Even in the simplest case, there can be significant qualitative differences between the two quantities—they may have opposite signs, or one may be zero while the other is not. The origin of these differences lies in the different frequency scaling of the two quantities, which is made relevant by the presence of multiple frequency components in the fields.
Frequency, Clinicopathologic Characteristics, and Follow-up of HER2-Positive Nonpleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Zhang Huina , Moisini Ioana , Ajabnoor Rana M , Turner Bradley M , D’aguiar Marcus , Cai Xueya , Gao Shan , Yang Qi , Wang Xi , Schiffhauer Linda , Hicks David G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive nonpleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), which has rarely been addressed.

Methods
Clinicopathologic characteristics and follow-up of HER2-positive nonpleomorphic ILCs were collected and compared to those of HER2-negative counterparts.

Results
Twenty-one cases of HER2-positive nonpleomorphic ILCs were identified, 6.3% of the study population. Compared to HER2-negative nonpleomorphic ILC, patients with HER2 positivity were older (P &lt; .05), likely to be hormonal receptor negative (P &lt; .01), and had higher histologic grade and angiolymphatic invasion (P &lt; .01). HER2 positivity in nonpleomorphic ILCs was associated with higher recurrence/metastasis with hazard ratio of 2.03 (P &lt; .05). No patient who received neoadjuvant therapy achieved pathologic complete response, and HER2-targeted therapy tended to reduce recurrence/metastasis in patients with HER2-positive nonpleomorphic ILC.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the existence of HER2 positivity in nonpleomorphic ILCs and reinforce that HER2 is associated with worse prognosis in nonpleomorphic ILC.
Pharmacist perspectives and considerations for implementation of therapeutic oncology biosimilars in practice
Authors: Cuellar Sandra , McBride Ali , Medina Patrick 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeAn overview of therapeutic oncology biosimilars, the U.S. biosimilars regulatory pathway, and the clinical development of selected biosimilar products is provided, including discussion of considerations in adopting biosimilars into oncology practice.SummaryBiosimilars are biologic agents that are highly similar to and have no clinically meaningful differences from an approved reference product in terms of safety, purity, and potency. There is a large market for cancer biologics, and approval of biosimilars has the potential to increase access to care and reduce costs. An abbreviated regulatory pathway for the development and approval of biosimilars defines a stepwise approach to demonstrating biosimilarity and conducting clinical comparative trials to confirm equivalent pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity to the reference product. Three therapeutic biologics (bevacizumab, trastuzumab, and rituximab) have been used extensively in the treatment of a variety of cancers and are targets for biosimilar product development. Preclinical and clinical experience with 2 recently approved biosimilars to bevacizumab and trastuzumab is reviewed. Challenges faced by pharmacy and therapeutics committees when considering oncology biosimilars for formulary inclusion are discussed.ConclusionIncreased adoption of biosimilars could potentially lower treatment costs and improve access to biologics for patients with cancer. Key considerations in formulary review of biosimilars include the quality and quantity of data from comparative clinical trials, economic factors, manufacturer reliability, and challenges associated with incorporating biosimilars into practice.
A survey on adverse drug reaction studies: data, tasks and machine learning methods
Authors: Nguyen Duc Anh , Nguyen Canh Hao , Mamitsuka Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMotivationAdverse drug reaction (ADR) or drug side effect studies play a crucial role in drug discovery. Recently, with the rapid increase of both clinical and non-clinical data, machine learning methods have emerged as prominent tools to support analyzing and predicting ADRs. Nonetheless, there are still remaining challenges in ADR studies.ResultsIn this paper, we summarized ADR data sources and review ADR studies in three tasks: drug-ADR benchmark data creation, drug–ADR prediction and ADR mechanism analysis. We focused on machine learning methods used in each task and then compare performances of the methods on the drug–ADR prediction task. Finally, we discussed open problems for further ADR studies.AvailabilityData and code are available at https://github.com/anhnda/ADRPModels.
Foreign Aid and the Status Quo: Evidence from Pre-Marshall Plan Aid
Authors: Markovits Daniel , Strange Austin , Tingley Dustin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Foreign aid has served as an important policy tool for centuries, yet international relations research essentially treats it as a novel, post-World War II phenomenon. We argue that documenting aid-like activities in earlier historical periods helps shed new light on the systemic political dynamics of aid giving. We introduce a framework that links aid giving to the status quo in international politics and populate the framework with a diverse set of historical and contemporary cases, including Western and non-Western donors. Our analysis reveals striking similarities between the ways in which donor governments from diverse regions, historical periods, and international systems have utilised aid and other forms of concessional finance to pursue international political goals. Our findings suggest that by considering the pre-Marshall Plan roots of aid researchers can more effectively link foreign aid provision to rising power dynamics, international formal and informal hierarchies, and other research agendas in international relations. Our analysis also points to the need for greater attention to non-Western and pre-World War II evidence in understanding the link between aid and systems of international relations that have been less prevalent in the post-Marshall Plan era.
The TLR9 Agonist Cobitolimod Induces IL10-Producing Wound Healing Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Schmitt Heike , Ulmschneider Julia , Billmeier Ulrike , Vieth Michael , Scarozza Patrizio , Sonnewald Sophia , Reid Stephen , Atreya Imke , Rath Timo , Zundler Sebastian , Langheinrich Melanie , Schüttler Jürgen , Hartmann Arndt , Winkler Thomas , Admyre Charlotte , Knittel Thomas , Dieterich Johansson Christine , Zargari Arezou , Neurath Markus F , Atreya Raja 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
The topically applied Toll-like receptor 9 [TLR9] agonist cobitolimod is a first-in-class DNA-based oligonucleotide with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials with ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. We here characterized its anti-inflammatory mechanism in UC.

Methods
Luminal cobitolimod administration was evaluated in an experimental dextran sodium sulfate [DSS]-induced colitis model. Cultured blood and mucosal cells from UC patients were treated with cobitolimod and analysed via microarray, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry. Intestinal slides of cobitolimod-treated UC patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Cobitolimod administration markedly suppressed experimental colitis activity, and microarray analyses demonstrated mucosal IL10 upregulation and suppression of IL17 signalling pathways. Cobitolimod treatment was associated with significant induction of mucosal IL10+Tr1 and Treg cells and suppression of Th17 cells. TLR9 knockout mice indicated that cobitolimod requires TLR9 signalling for IL10 induction. In UC patients, mucosal TLR9 levels correlated with severity of inflammation. Cobitolimod inhibited IL17A and IL17F, but increased IL10 and FoxP3 expression in cultured intestinal UC T cells. Cobitolimod-mediated suppression of intestinal IL17+T cells was abrogated by IL10 blockade. Furthermore, cobitolimod led to heightened IL10 production by wound healing macrophages. Immunohistochemistry in intestinal biopsies of cobitolimod-treated UC patients indicated increased presence of IL10+mononuclear and regulatory T cells, as well as reduction of IL17+cells.

Conclusion
Activation of TLR9 via cobitolimod might represent a novel therapeutic approach in UC, as it suppresses Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory IL10+macrophages and regulatory T cells, thereby modifying the dysregulated intestinal cytokine balance.

Podcast
This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast
Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs
Authors: Cooper Zachary S , Rapp Josephine Z , Carpenter Shelly D , Iwahana Go , Eicken Hajo , Deming Jody W 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTHypersaline aqueous environments at subzero temperatures are known to be inhabited by microorganisms, yet information on community structure in subzero brines is very limited. Near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, we sampled subzero brines (–6°C, 115–140 ppt) from cryopegs, i.e. unfrozen sediments within permafrost that contain relic (late Pleistocene) seawater brine, as well as nearby sea-ice brines to examine microbial community composition and diversity using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We also quantified the communities microscopically and assessed environmental parameters as possible determinants of community structure. The cryopeg brines harbored surprisingly dense bacterial communities (up to 108 cells mL–1) and millimolar levels of dissolved and particulate organic matter, extracellular polysaccharides and ammonia. Community composition and diversity differed between the two brine environments by alpha- and beta-diversity indices, with cryopeg brine communities appearing less diverse and dominated by one strain of the genus Marinobacter, also detected in other cold, hypersaline environments, including sea ice. The higher density and trend toward lower diversity in the cryopeg communities suggest that long-term stability and other features of a subzero brine are more important selective forces than in situ temperature or salinity, even when the latter are extreme.
System, State, or Individual: Gaming Levels of Analysis in International Relations
Authors: Asal Victor , Miller Inga , Willis Charmaine N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Students often struggle to grasp how examining international phenomena at the systemic, state, or international level of analysis can yield different understandings or perspectives. To help students understand the dynamics at the different levels of analysis, we suggest the use of several short games that make students be “lab rats in their own experiments.” In this article, we discuss the mechanics of three short games we play with our students. We offer our qualitative impressions of the impact of these games on the understanding of the students.
Aminoglycoside versus carbapenem or piperacillin/tazobactam treatment for bloodstream infections of urinary source caused by Gram-negative ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Zohar Iris , Schwartz Orna , Yossepowitch Orit , David Shirley Shapiro Ben , Maor Yasmin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe studied the performance of aminoglycosides in treating bloodstream infections (BSIs) of urinary source caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-EB).MethodsIn a retrospective study of 193 patients with a clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis or urosepsis and blood and urine cultures positive for ESBL-EB, patients were grouped according to whether they were treated with an aminoglycoside, a carbapenem or piperacillin/tazobactam. Multivariate analysis was used to define risk factors for mortality with inverse probability of treatment weighting used to minimize confounding. The primary efficacy outcome was 30 day mortality. The primary safety outcome was acute kidney injury (AKI) at 14 days.ResultsMean age was 79.3 years. Dementia, chronic kidney disease and the presence of a urinary catheter were common. Thirty-two (16.6%) patients died and risk factors for mortality included age, high Charlson score, presentation with severe sepsis/septic shock and infection with bacteria other than Escherichia coli. Aminoglycosides were non-inferior compared with other antibiotics regarding 30 day mortality [13.0% versus 21.2%, respectively; adjusted risk difference=10.29% (−0.82% to 21.41%)], but did not reach non-inferiority for bacteriuria recurrence [48.9% versus 44.7%, respectively; adjusted risk difference=−8.72% (−30.87% to 13.43%)]. AKI developed at a similar rate in both treatment groups: 12.0% versus 10.6%, respectively [OR=1.14 (0.46–2.81)]. Aminoglycosides were more efficacious in E. coli infections compared with other ESBL-EB.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the efficacy and safety of aminoglycosides in treating BSI of urinary source caused by ESBL-EB. This carbapenem-sparing approach can assist in avoiding excessive carbapenem use without compromising outcomes.
Technical note: validation of a system for monitoring individual behavior in beef heifers
Authors: Merenda Victória R , Marques Odinei , Miller-Cushon Emily K , Dilorenzo Nicolas , Laporta Jimena , Chebel Ricardo C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objectives of the 2 studies conducted were to validate the accuracy of an automated monitoring device (AMD; HR-LDn tags, SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) for different types of behaviors or cow-states (side lying, resting, medium activity, high activity, rumination, grazing, walking, and panting) in beef heifers and to determine if the total time per cow-state recorded by the AMD corresponds to the total time per cow-state recorded by instantaneous observations. Cow-state is recorded every second and, within 1 min, the most prevalent cow-state is considered to be the behavior presented by the animal during that interval. Study personnel (n = 2) observed heifers (n = 10) for 20 min from 0800 to 1140 h and 10 min from 1500 to 1640 h during 4 consecutive days and recorded continuously each cow-state at started and ended. Thus, study personnel were able to determine within a 1-min interval, which cow-state was most prevalent and represented the heifer’s behavior. Because the proprietary machine learning algorithm prioritizes certain behaviors over others based on their contribution to the understanding of generalized bovine behavior patterns, we also determined the most prevalent behavior observed in 5-min intervals. Test characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and negative and positive predicted values) were calculated using the observer as the gold standard. In study 2, heifer behavior was scanned by observers (n = 2) every 5 min from 0800 to 1100 h and 1500 to 1800 h for 3 consecutive days. Total minutes per cow-state according to the observer were compared with the total minutes per cow-state according to the AMD during the same period to determine the correlation coefficient. In study 1, test characteristics were high (low ≤ 40%, moderate = 41 to 74%, high ≥ 75%) for rumination (≥ 89.7%), grazing (≥ 76.5%), and side lying (≥ 81.8%), and moderate for resting (≥ 48.8%). In study 2, the correlation coefficient for rumination (R2 = 0.92) and grazing (R2 = 0.90) were high and the correlation coefficient for resting (R2 = 0.66) and walking (R2 = 0.33) were moderate. We conclude that the AMD used in this study showed high accuracy when measuring rumination and grazing, but it was subpar when measuring resting and walking. The algorithms employed by the AMD used need to be improved for determination of walking and resting behaviors of beef cattle.
Sufficient versus optimal climatic stability during the Late Quaternary: using environmental quality to guide phylogeographic inferences in a Neotropical montane system
Authors: Soley-Guardia Mariano , Carnaval Ana Carolina , Anderson Robert P 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuaternary climatic oscillations affected species distributions worldwide, creating cycles of connectivity and isolation that impacted population demography and promoted lineage divergence. These effects have been well studied in temperate regions. Taxa inhabiting mesic montane habitats in tropical ecosystems show high levels of endemism and diversification in the distinct mountain ranges they inhabit; such a pattern has commonly been ascribed to past climatic oscillations, but few phylogeographic studies have tested this hypothesis. Here, we combine ecological niche models of species distributions with molecular data to study phylogeographic patterns in two rodents endemic to the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Reithrodontomys creper and Nephelomys devius). In so doing, we apply a novel approach that incorporates a basic ecological principle: the expected positive relationship between environmental suitability and population abundance. Specifically, we use niche models to predict potential patterns of population connectivity and stability of different suitability levels during climatic extremes of the last glacial–interglacial cycle; we then test these predictions with population genetic analyses of a mitochondrial and a nuclear marker. The detailed predictions arising from the different levels of suitability were moderately to highly congruent with the molecular data depending on the species. Overall, results suggest that in these tropical montane ecosystems, cycles of population connectivity and isolation followed a pattern opposite to that typically described for temperate or lowland tropical ecosystems: namely, higher connectivity during the colder glacials, with isolation in montane refugia during the interglacials, including today. Nevertheless, the individualistic patterns for each species indicate a potentially wide gamut of phylogeographic histories reflecting particularities of their niches. Taken together, this study illustrates how phylogeographic inferences may benefit from niche model outputs that provide more detailed predictions of connectivity and finer characterizations of potential refugia through time.