bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruption of mesoderm formation during cardiac differentiation due to developmental exposure to 13-cis-retinoic acid
Authors: Liu Qing , Van Bortle Kevin , Zhang Yue , Zhao Ming-Tao , Zhang Joe Z. , Geller Benjamin S. , Gruber Joshua J. , Jiang Chao , Wu Joseph C. , Snyder Michael P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin, INN) is an oral pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment of skin acne, and is also a known teratogen. In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying INN-induced developmental toxicity during early cardiac differentiation were investigated using both human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Pre-exposure of hiPSCs and hESCs to a sublethal concentration of INN did not influence cell proliferation and pluripotency. However, mesodermal differentiation was disrupted when INN was included in the medium during differentiation. Transcriptomic profiling by RNA-seq revealed that INN exposure leads to aberrant expression of genes involved in several signaling pathways that control early mesoderm differentiation, such as TGF-beta signaling. In addition, genome-wide chromatin accessibility profiling by ATAC-seq suggested that INN-exposure leads to enhanced DNA-binding of specific transcription factors (TFs), including HNF1B, SOX10 and NFIC, often in close spatial proximity to genes that are dysregulated in response to INN treatment. Altogether, these results identify potential molecular mechanisms underlying INN-induced perturbation during mesodermal differentiation in the context of cardiac development. This study further highlights the utility of human stem cells as an alternative system for investigating congenital diseases of newborns that arise as a result of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy.
Phosphorylation promotes binding affinity of Rap-Raf complex by allosteric modulation of switch loop dynamics
Authors: T Devanand , Venkatraman Prasanna , Vemparala Satyavani 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe effects of phosphorylation of a serine residue on the structural and dynamic properties of Ras-like protein, Rap, and its interactions with effector protein Ras binding domain (RBD) of Raf kinase, in the presence of GTP, are investigated via molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations show that phosphorylation significantly effects the dynamics of functional loops of Rap which participate in the stability of the complex with effector proteins. The effects of phosphorylation on Rap are significant and detailed conformational analysis suggest that the Rap protein, when phosphorylated and with GTP ligand, samples different conformational space as compared to non-phosphorylated protein. In addition, phosphorylation of SER11 opens up a new cavity in the Rap protein which can be further explored for possible drug interactions. Residue network analysis shows that the phosphorylation of Rap results in a community spanning both Rap and RBD and strongly suggests transmission of allosteric effects of local alterations in Rap to distal regions of RBD, potentially affecting the downstream signalling. Binding free energy calculations suggest that phosphorylation of SER11 residue increases the binding between Rap and Raf corroborating the network analysis results. The increased binding of the Rap-Raf complex can have cascading effects along the signalling pathways where availability of Raf can influence the oncogenic effects of Ras proteins. These simulations underscore the importance of post translational modifications like phosphorylation on the functional dynamics in proteins and can be an alternative to drug-targeting, especially in notoriously undruggable oncoproteins belonging to Ras-like GTPase family.
Rhythmic synchronization and hybrid collective states of globally coupled oscillators
Authors: Qiu Tian , Bonamassa Ivan , Boccaletti Stefano , Liu Zonghua , Guan Shuguang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMacroscopic rhythms are often signatures of healthy functioning in living organisms, but they are still poorly understood on their microscopic bases. Globally interacting oscillators with heterogeneous couplings are here considered. Thorough theoretical and numerical analyses indicate the presence of multiple phase transitions between different collective states, with regions of bi-stability. Novel coherent phases are unveiled, and evidence is given of the spontaneous emergence of macroscopic rhythms where oscillators’ phases are always found to be self-organized as in Bellerophon states, i.e. in multiple clusters with quantized values of their average frequencies. Due to their rather unconditional appearance, the circumstance is paved that the Bellerophon states grasp the microscopic essentials behind collective rhythms in more general systems of interacting oscillators.
Tacrine–deferiprone hybrids as multi-target-directed metal chelators against Alzheimer's disease: a two-in-one drug
Authors: Chand Karam , Rajeshwari Karam , Candeias Emanuel , Cardoso Sandra M , Chaves Sílvia , Santos M Amélia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder affecting several million people worldwide. So far, there is no adequate medication to prevent or slow down the progression of the disease, only medication with palliative effects allowing temporary symptomatic reliefs. As part of our continuing efforts into the development of innovative drugs following a polypharmacological strategy, we decided to use a former anti-AD palliative drug (tacrine) and to reposition it by hybridization with a metal chelating drug (deferiprone, DFP). This combination endows the hybrids with good capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (low micromolar range) and self-/Cu-induced Aβ aggregation (up to ca. 90%) as well as a good radical scavenging ability (micromolar range) and metal (M) chelating capacity, with pM (pM = −log[M], CL/CM = 10, CM = 10−6 M at pH = 7.4, M = Fe, Cu, Zn) values close to those of DFP. The most promising compounds have 2-hydroxypropyl linkers, and a selection of compounds have demonstrated neuroprotective roles in neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ1–42 and ascorbate/iron stressors. Consequently, these hybrids can be considered as attractive multipotent therapeutic molecules that will eventually play key roles against AD progression, namely in the control of cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid peptide aggregation, oxidative stress, and metal modulation, besides presenting a good pharmacokinetic profile.
Multilevel magnetic resonance imaging compression using compressive sensing
Authors: Tashan Tariq , Al‐Azawi Maher 
Published: August 2018

In this study, a multilevel compressive sensing (CS) compression for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images is presented. The proposed algorithm divides the image into frames of equal size, transforms the pixels inside the frame into the sparse domain, and then applies the CS compression to each frame with different level of compression. Four levels of compression are suggested, based on how sparse is the information inside the frame. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using six real MRI images showing different parts of the human body. The experimental results show a significant improvement of 7.03 dB in peak‐signal‐to‐noise ratio and 23.76% in compression level (CL) when compared with a uniform CL algorithm.
Improved characterization and modeling of equatorial plasma depletions
Authors: Blanch Estefania , Altadill David , Juan Jose Miguel , Camps Adriano , Barbosa José , González-Casado Guillermo , Riba Jaume , Sanz Jaume , Vazquez Gregori , Orús-Pérez Raúl 
Published: August 2018

This manuscript presents a method to identify the occurrence of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) with data gathered from receivers of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This method adapts a previously existing technique to detect Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs), which focus on the 2nd time derivatives of total electron content estimated from GNSS signals (2DTEC). Results from this tool made possible to develop a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of EPBs. Analyses of the probability of occurrence, effective time duration, depth of the depletion and total disturbance of the EPBs show their dependence on local time and season of the year at global scale within the latitude belt from 35°N to 35°S for the descending phase of solar cycle 23 and ascending phase of solar cycle 24, 2002–2014. These results made possible to build an EPBs model, bounded with the Solar Flux index, that simulates the probability of the number of EPBs and their characteristics expected for a representative day at given season and local time (LT). The model results provided insight into different important aspects: the maximum occurrence of bubbles take place near the equatorial anomaly crests, asymmetry between hemispheres and preferred longitudes with enhanced EPBs activity. Model output comparisons with independent observations confirmed its soundness.
Integration von Palliativmedizin in onkologische Spitzenzentren Deutschlands – ambulante Sprechstunden und Rotationsprogramme der spezialisierten Palliativmedizin
Authors: Berendt Julia , Thomas Michael , Neukirchen Martin , Schwartz Jacqueline , Hense Jörg , Tewes Mitra 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Comprehensive Cancer Center zeichnen sich durch einen fachübergreifenden Austausch aus, um im Krankheitsverlauf zumeist komplexer werdenden Anforderungen an die Versorgung in höchstem Maß gerecht zu werden. Tumorsprechstunden und Rotationen schlagen dabei strukturell bzw. ad personam Brücken zu anderen Fächern und Disziplinen.
Ziel Um den Comprehensive Cancer Centern konkrete Unterstützung zur weiteren Integration der spezialisierten Palliativmedizin geben zu können, wurde erhoben, inwieweit palliativmedizinische Sprechstunden und ärztliche Rotationen zur Palliativmedizin in den Zentren integriert sind.
Methoden Mit einem Befragungsbogen wurden Angaben zur palliativmedizinischen Sprechstunde und ärztlichen Rotation der bisher von der Krebshilfe geförderten Comprehensive Cancer Center (n = 16) papierbasiert erhoben. Hierfür wurden die Leiter der palliativmedizinischen Einrichtungen der Zentren von Juli bis August 2017 befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte über SPSS (Häufigkeit, Mittelwert, Median, Spannweite).
Ergebnisse 15 (93,75 %) von 16 Zentren nahmen an der Befragung teil. Neun Zentren (60 %) haben eine palliativmedizinische Sprechstunde. Vier von neun CCC unterbreiten dieses Angebot ≥ 4 Stunden (44,4 %). Ärztliche Rotationen in die Palliativmedizin sind in allen Comprehensive Cancer Centern, vorrangig aus der Onkologie/ Hämatologie (n = 11, 73,3 %) und Anästhesiologie (n = 6) und häufig für zwölf Monate (n = 11), üblich.
Diskussion Im Netzwerk der Comprehensive Cancer Center ist ein Sprechstundenangebot als eine ambulante Struktur der Palliativmedizin bisher nicht flächendeckend umgesetzt. Derzeit bestehen in den Zentren Unterschiede in der personellen Besetzung und Einschränkungen, entsprechende Leistungen kostendeckend zu finanzieren. Das vorhandene Bemühen um die Integration der palliativmedizinischen Versorgung in den onkologischen Erkrankungsverlauf bedarf zur Erhöhung der Sichtbarkeit palliativmedizinischer Angebote der weiteren Strukturierung. Zur Sensibilisierung für die Möglichkeiten der Palliativmedizin sind dagegen ärztliche Rotationen in die Palliativmedizin, regulär im Netzwerk der Comprehensive Cancer Center umgesetzt, wenn auch nur für einen Teil der Fächer.
Inhalte und Methoden der Bewegungsförderung in der Bewegungstherapie: Die Sichtweisen bewegungstherapeutischer Akteure in der medizinischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Geidl Wolfgang , Fangmann Cheyenne , Deprins Judith , Pfeifer Klaus , Sudeck Gorden 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungZiel ist die Ermittlung von Inhalten und Methoden, die Bewegungstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten mit dem Ziel der Bewegungsförderung einsetzen. Im Rahmen einer Bestandsaufnahme der Bewegungstherapie im Mixed-Methods-Design wurden leitfadengestützte Fokusgruppen durchgeführt. Leitende bewegungstherapeutische Akteure (n = 58, ♀ = 24, ♂ = 34, AlterMean = 45 Jahre) diskutierten in 6 erkrankungsspezifischen Gruppen. 5 Kernthemen konnten identifiziert werden: Konzeptbasierung (1), die Vermittlung von Spaß und Freude an Bewegung (2), Wissensvermittlung als Theorie-Praxis-Verknüpfung (3), Materialnutzung für eigenständiges Trainieren und Üben (4), Strategien zur Förderung von Selbstständigkeit und Eigenverantwortung (5). Die Ergebnisse der Fokusgruppen bekräftigen fundierte didaktisch-methodische Handlungsorientierungen der leitenden bewegungstherapeutischen Akteure im Bereich Bewegungsförderung. In der Verbindung mit den Ergebnissen der bundesweiten Bestandsaufnahme aus der ersten Studienphase wird jedoch auch klar, dass die beschriebenen didaktisch-methodischen Prinzipien mit Blick auf die Bewegungsförderung doch in sehr unterschiedlichem Maße gewichtet und umgesetzt werden dürften.
Factors Related to Lymph Node Recurrence in Patients with N1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma after Unilateral Therapeutic Modified Radical Neck Dissection: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Su Hui , Li Yujie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinically node-positive lateral neck (N1b PTC) is likely to recur after modified radical neck dissection (MRND). The present study investigated the risk factors for recurrence in N1b PTC patients after unilateral therapeutic MRND.
Methods Literature published from January 1990 to December 2017 on factors related to lymph node recurrence after MRND was retrieved by searching national and international online databases. A meta-analysis was performed after the data extraction process.
Results Thirty-five potentially relevant articles were found on lymph node recurrence in patients with N1b papillary thyroid carcinoma. After careful review of the full text of these articles, seven studies were included. There was no association between recurrence and the age of the patients (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.77 – 2.12, p = 0.34). Male patients (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.17 – 2.27, p = 0.004), tumor size ≥ 1 cm (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03 – 0.76, p = 0.02), multifocal tumors (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.08 – 2.22, p = 0.02), extracapsular invasion (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.26 – 2.95, p = 0.003), and lymphovascular invasion (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.50 – 4.22, p = 0.0005) were associated with a significantly higher incidence of recurrence.
Conclusions Patients with a tumor size ≥ 1 cm, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, or lymphovascular invasion were more likely to have tumor recurrence after total thyroidectomy and therapeutic MRND.
Haloferrocenes: Syntheses and Selected Reactions
Authors: Butenschön Holger 
Published: August 2018

Although haloferrocenes constitute important starting materials for many ferrocene-derived products with importance in a variety of fields such as materials science, medicinal chemistry and catalysis, only relatively few haloferrocenes out of the large number of possible examples have been prepared so far. The first part of this review summarizes the syntheses of all the homo- and heterohaloferrocenes known up to date. The second part summarizes typical reactions of haloferrocenes, namely lithiation followed by trapping with an electrophile, copper-mediated halogen substitution, coupling with formation of diferrocenyl derivatives, ortho-lithiation followed by trapping with an electrophile, palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions and finally miscellaneous reactions.1	Introduction2	Homohaloferrocenes2.1	Fluoroferrocenes2.2	Chloroferrocenes2.3	Bromoferrocenes2.4	Iodoferrocenes3	Heterohaloferrocenes4	Selected Reactions of Haloferrocenes4.1	Lithiation Followed by Trapping with an Electrophile4.2	Copper-Mediated Halogen Substitution4.3	Coupling with Formation of Diferrocenyl Derivatives4.4	ortho-Lithiation of Haloferrocenes4.5	Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions of Haloferrocenes4.6	Miscellaneous Reactions of Haloferrocenes5	Conclusions
Postoperative Imaging of the Knee Extensor Mechanism
Authors: Rubin David , Long Jeremiah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe extensor mechanism of the knee plays an important role in many movements of the lower extremity. Although its main function is to extend the knee, it also stabilizes the patellofemoral joint and resists passive flexion of the knee when landing from jumping. Pathologic conditions of the extensor mechanism can be acute or chronic, and they can negatively affect daily activities. Fortunately, many surgical treatments are available aimed at restoring function to the injured extensor mechanism. Understanding the surgical techniques and common complications of these procedures enables the radiologist to recognize expected and unexpected postoperative imaging appearances.
Clinical Outcomes of Nerve Transfers in Peroneal Nerve Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Head Linden , Hicks Katie , Wolff Gerald , Boyd Kirsty 
Published: August 2018

Background Given the unsatisfactory outcomes with traditional treatments, there is growing interest in nerve transfers to reestablish ankle dorsiflexion in peroneal nerve palsy. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the primary literature to assess the effectiveness of nerve transfer surgery in restoring ankle dorsiflexion in patients with peroneal nerve palsy.
Methods Methodology was registered with PROSPERO, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. English studies investigating outcomes of nerve transfers in peroneal nerve palsy were included. Two reviewers completed screening and extraction. Methodological quality was evaluated with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results Literature search identified 108 unique articles. Following screening, 14 full-text articles were reviewed. Four retrospective case series met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Overall, 41 patients underwent nerve transfer for peroneal nerve palsy. The mean age of the patients was 36.1 years, mean time to surgery was 6.3 months, and the mean follow-up period was 19.0 months. Donor nerve was either tibial (n = 36) or superficial peroneal branches/fascicles (n = 5). Recipient nerve was either deep peroneal (n = 24) or tibialis anterior branch (n = 17). Postoperative ankle dorsiflexion strength demonstrated a bimodal distribution with a mean Medical Research Council of 2.1. There were no significant differences in dorsiflexion strength between injury sites (p = 0.491), injury mechanisms (p = 0.125), donor (p = 0.066), or recipient nerves (p = 0.496). There were no significant correlations between dorsiflexion strength and patient age (p = 0.094) or time to surgery (p = 0.493).
Conclusions There is variability in dorsiflexion strength following nerve transfer in peroneal nerve palsy, whereby there appear to be responders and non-responders. Further studies are needed to better define appropriate patient selection and the role of nerve transfers in the management of peroneal nerve palsy.
Assessment of Loosening and Rotational Malalignment Following Knee Endoprosthesis or Other Surgical Components
Authors: Weber Marc-André , Rehnitz Christoph , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Carrino John , Thierfelder Kolja , Gemescu Ioan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) has significant medical and economic implications. The correct placement of the femoral and tibial components is vital to ensure a functional knee and also low failure and revision surgery rates. This article provides the most relevant information regarding knee endoprosthesis from a radiologic point of view. Basic information on the recommended alignment of the femoral and tibial components in TKA and how to measure them are discussed. We then present the most important axial plane rotational references for the femoral and the tibial components. The optimal coronal alignment, illustrating the axes of the lower limb, and loosening as the major complication are also discussed. Finally, we offer a detailed example of rotational assessment.
Imaging of the Knee and Surrounding Structures Following Tumor Surgery
Authors: Winn Naomi , Lalam Radhesh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLimb salvage is a key goal of tumor management around the knee, with surgical, medical, and radiologic treatment options. Primary bone and soft tissue sarcomas are optimally treated in specialist tertiary centers; however, metastatic disease is encountered in all aspects of radiologic practice, with overlap in the management strategies. Both specialist and generalist radiologists therefore need to be familiar with the expected normal appearances following these therapies and be able to recognize potential complications. This review article describes the techniques available for imaging the knee following treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors, with particular reference to artifact reduction. The therapeutic options for managing bone and soft tissue lesion are discussed, with emphasis on imaging appearances. Surgical, medical, and radiologic treatments are described. Complications and their imaging appearances are reviewed including local recurrence of tumor, infection, complications related to metallic implants, postradiation changes, and amputation. Normal imaging appearances and complications following radiologic treatment (namely radiofrequency ablation) of bone and soft tissue tumors are presented.
Mean Platelet Volume and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio May Be Used as Predictors in Febrile Seizures
Authors: Akın Fatih , Türe Esra , Çaksen Hüseyin , Odabaş Dursun , Yazar Abdullah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFebrile seizure (FS) is the most frequent seizure disorder in childhood, associated with rapid onset of high fever. Our study aims are (1) to determine if the levels of mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are risk factors for FS and to (2) assess the usefulness of these markers as predictors to distinguish the subgroups of FS. This prospective study includes children with FS, acute febrile illness (AFI) without seizure, and control group. Complete blood count was performed on all participants. The following data were obtained: white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, MPV, hemoglobin (Hb), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and NLR. MPV, WBC, ANC, and NLR were significantly increased in patients with AFI and FS compared with controls (p < 0.05). When patients with FS and AFI were compared, only WBC was increased significantly in patients with FS (p < 0.05). WBC, ANC, and NLR were significantly increased in patients with complex FS compared with simple (p < 0.05). Our findings showed that WBC, MPV, ANC, and NLR were higher in children with FS than in the control group. Additionally WBC, ANC, and NLR were found to be higher in children with CFS than in those with simple febrile seizure. Based on the study results, we suggest that only WBC may be used as predictors in children with FS.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Complicating Ruptured Appendicitis and Abscess Drainage in a Previously Healthy Pediatric Patient
Authors: Saley Taylor , Barton Alexander , Sood Shawn , Thukaram Roopa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, we present the youngest reported case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in the United States, which developed following perforated appendicitis with subsequent peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess formation. Additionally, we discuss potential physiological factors contributing to her acute neurological deterioration and resultant cerebral vasogenic edema.