bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue crack closure: A myth or a misconception?
Authors: Tong Jie , Alshammrei Shaher , Lin Bing , Wigger Tim , Marrow Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we have extended our previous study on fatigue crack closure to examine the phenomenon of crack opening displacement (COD) and its impact on the crack tip fields in both 2D and 3D specimen geometries using full‐field experimental measurements and integrated finite element modelling. Digital image correlation (DIC) and digital volume correlation (DVC) were used to measure the near‐tip material responses on the surfaces (DIC) and the interior (DVC) of the specimens. Materials with elastic‐plastic and large plastic characteristics were chosen for the study, where plasticity‐induced premature contact between the crack flanks is known to occur. Displacement maps around the cracks were obtained using DIC and DVC at selected load increments and were introduced as boundary conditions into the finite element (FE) models to obtain the “effective” crack driving force in terms of J‐integral, and the results were compared with those “nominal” from the standard FE analysis. Both visual observation and compliance curves were used to determine the “crack opening” levels; whilst the impacts of the crack opening on the crack driving forceJand the normal strains ahead of the crack tip were evaluated in 2D and 3D. The results from the study indicate that, crack closure, although clearly identifiable in the compliance curves, does not appear to impact on global crack driving force, such as J‐integral, or strains ahead of the crack tip; hence, it may well be a misconception.
Low blood pressure is associated with acute kidney injury development and mortality in octogenarians admitted to the emergency room
Authors: Abu Alfeilat Mohsen , Slotki Itzchak , Shavit Linda 
Published: July 2019

AimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in octogenarians admitted to the emergency room, and to compare these parameters with those in a younger group of patients admitted in the same period.MethodsThis is a prospective, observational, single‐center study that enrolled adult patients admitted to the emergency room of Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Patients were stratified by age (≥80 years or <80 years) and followed up prospectively until discharge. The incidence of AKI, in‐hospital mortality and duration of hospital stay were recorded.ResultsOf 319 patients, 128 were octogenarians (mean age 86.7 years, range 80–105 years) and 191 were younger (mean age 60.6 years, range 18–79 years). The incidence of AKI and in‐hospital mortality was significantly higher in octogenarians (16.4% vs 12.6%, P = 0.039 and 15.6% vs 3.1%, P = 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only low systolic blood pressure at admission in octogenarians (P = 0.002), and a history of chronic kidney disease (P < 0.001) and hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.001) in the younger patients were independent risk factors for AKI.ConclusionThe present results confirm the observation that AKI is common in octogenarians. We identified systolic blood pressure as the only independent variable associated with AKI in octogenarians. However, the role of therapeutic strategies aimed to increase systolic blood pressure and diminish complications in octogenarians remains to be elucidated. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 874–878.
Combined effect between WT1 methylation and Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption on the risk of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhou Haibo , Sun Hongru , Liu Xinyan , Chen Jie , Zhang Lei , Lin Shangqun , Han Xu , Nie Chuang , Liu Yupeng , Tian Wenjing , Zhao Yashuang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral blood leukocyte DNA methylation status has been proposed to be a surrogate marker for evaluating susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC). Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption are known to induce gene methylation. A case‐control study was performed to investigate the interactions between the methylation of two candidate genes and H pylori infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption in the risk of GC.MethodsA total of 400 GC cases and 402 controls were included in this study. The methylation status of WT1 and IGF2 was semiquantitatively determined by using methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting assays. H pylori IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA method.ResultsBased on the area under the curve (AUC), 0% methylated DNA and 0.5% methylated DNA were used as the cutoff values for WT1 and IGF2, respectively. WT1 methylation was significantly associated with increased GC risk (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.09‐2.51, P = .019), especially in males (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.10‐2.95, P = .019) and older individuals (≥60 years) (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.15‐3.57, P = .014). A significant combination was observed between WT1 methylation and H pylori infection, alcohol consumption, and smoking for the risk of GC (ORc = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.47‐3.55, P = .003, ORc = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.37‐3.51, P = .001, ORc = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.39‐3.51, P = .001, respectively). However, no association between IGF2 methylation and the risk of GC was found in this study.ConclusionsWT1 methylation may serve as a new potential biomarker for GC susceptibility and can combine with H pylori infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption to influence GC risk.
Dispensation of antiretroviral therapy and methadone maintenance therapy at the same facility in a low‐barrier setting linked to optimal adherence to HIV treatment
Authors: Mohd Salleh NA , Fairbairn N , Nolan S , Barrios R , Shoveller J , Richardson L , Milloy M‐J 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesWe sought to examine the association between dispensation of methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the same facility, across multiple low‐barrier dispensing outlets, and achieving optimal adherence to ART among people who use illicit drugs (PWUD).MethodsWe used data from the AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Exposure to Survival Services (ACCESS) study, a long‐running study of a community‐recruited cohort of HIV‐positive PWUD, linked to comprehensive HIV clinical records in Vancouver, Canada, a setting of no‐cost, universal access to HIV care. The longitudinal relationship between MMT‐ART dispensation at the same facility and the odds of ≥ 95% ART adherence was analysed using multivariable generalized linear mixed‐effects modelling. We conducted a further analysis using a marginal structural mode with inverse probability of treatment weights as a sensitivity analysis.ResultsThis study included data on 1690 interviews of 345 ART‐ and MMT‐exposed participants carried out between June 2012 and December 2017. In the final multivariable model, MMT‐ART dispensation, compared with nondispensation at the same facility, was associated with greater odds of achieving ≥ 95% adherence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.96]. A marginal structural model estimated a 1.48 (95% CI 1.15–1.80) greater odds of ≥ 95% adherence among participants who reported MMT‐ART dispensation at the same facility compared with those who did not.ConclusionsThe odds of achieving optimal adherence to ART were 56% higher during periods in which MMT and ART medications were dispensed at the same facility, in a low‐barrier setting. Our findings highlight the need to consider a simpler integrated approach with medication dispensation at the same facility in low‐threshold settings.
Ergodic chaos for non‐expansive economic models**
Authors: Yano Makoto , Sato Kenji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractErgodic chaos is one of the most important concepts in the theory of nonlinear economics. Due to the lack of appropriate sufficient conditions, its reach has not been fully understood. In this paper a sufficient condition for ergodic chaos that covers non‐expansive dynamical systems is examined. By analyzing an endogenous growth model as an example, we discuss the breadth of models in which ergodic chaos can emerge.
Multiple test batteries as predictors for pilot performance: A meta‐analytic investigation
Authors: ALMamari Khalid , Traynor Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTest Batteries (TBs) have a long history of use in pilot selection. The extent to which TBs predict future pilot performance has important implications. The existing pilot‐related psychometric meta‐analyses have focused primarily on scores of individual ability tests, rather than the combined scores composited from multiple ability tests. The objective of this study was to investigate the predictive validity of TBs' composite scores for several criteria of pilot performance. Informed by the Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory, we proposed a classification scheme of six categories representing the most common composite scores in selection assessment:Acquired Knowledge, Perceptual Processing, Motor Abilities, Controlled Attention, General Ability,andWork Sample. For overall pilot performance, based on 267 correlations from 118 independent samples, results showed that the six categories of TBs are valid predictors (Meanr= .10–.34), and at least five of them have validity that is likely to generalize across selection contexts.
A Public Atonement: The Public Nature of Sin and Salvation in the American Moral Governmental Theory of the Atonement
Authors: Todd Obbie Tyler 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe American moral governmental theory of the atonement was distinct from other Protestant views in several ways, but truly unique in one. Its definition of forgiveness as a pardon instead of a debt paid, its insistence that Christ died for the good of the moral universe, and its rejection of the distributive understanding of penal substitution all stemmed from its relentless commitment to view both God and humanity in terms of public life. It is the purpose of this article to demonstrate that the most foundational element in the American moral governmental theory of the atonement was the idea of publicity, namely the public nature it ascribed to sin, salvation and the glory of God.
From Whom Was Humanity Saved? The Ransom Soteriology of Origen's Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans
Authors: Waldow Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work examines the soteriology of Origen's Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, with special focus upon the way that he uses ‘ransom’ imagery to explain the saving death of Christ. Origen did not assert any ‘rights’ of the devil, and his use of ‘devil's ransom’ imagery was meant to be interpreted metaphorically, and not in a strictly literal fashion. This becomes evident when the ransom texts are interpreted alongside of Origen's surrounding discussion of evil and Christ's saving activity. Such a reading shows that Origen's soteriology employed both dramatic symbols and rationally grounded analysis in order to convey the mystery of Christ's saving work. Despite its metaphorical nature, however, Origen's presentation of the ‘devil's ransom’ abounds in theological realism and contains enduring soteriological truth.
Jenson, Hegel and the Spirit of Recognition
Authors: Bruner David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article engages the pneumatology and account of divine freedom found in Robert Jenson's Systematic Theology. It raises a novel set of questions about Jenson's account of divine freedom, which bears on persistent questions regarding the nature of G.W.F. Hegel's influence upon Jenson. While most engagements with Jenson take for granted what it is to be ‘Hegelian’, this article foregrounds the diversity of contemporary Hegel interpretation. It argues that Jenson's account of divine freedom would profit from a stronger dose of Hegel's philosophy – specifically, Hegel's account of mutual recognition – provided that Hegel is interpreted along the lines of the non‐traditional school of Hegel interpretation. The article concludes with a brief constructive sketch of a Jensonian pneumatology conceived along these lines.
The Responsiveness of Pure Actuality: Unmediated Agency, Linguistic Potentiality and the Divine Accommodation of Speech Acts
Authors: Bankston Will 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article builds upon the trinitarian theology of Thomas Weinandy, applying his elaboration of Aquinas' notion of God's pure actuality to the matter of linguistic agency. In particular, the seemingly contradictory claim will be made that God is more responsive to us (properly understood) precisely because he cannot perform the act of response. Rather, God reveals the pure act that is himself through what the article terms notional responses. These are the epistemological accommodations of his pure actuality to finite human persons in the form of speech acts as humans change in their relation to God. In understanding God's communicative agency as such, divine transcendence will be shown to establish divine immanence rather than to stand at odds with it.
Environmental niche adaptation revealed through fine scale phenological niche modelling
Authors: Van Dam Matthew H. , Rominger Andrew J. , Brewer Michael S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimPhenology, the temporal response of a population to its climate, is a crucial behavioural trait shared across life on earth. How species adapt their phenologies to climate change is poorly understood but critical in understanding how species will respond to future change. We use a group of flies (Rhaphiomidas) endemic to the North American deserts to understand how species adapt to changing climatic conditions. Here, we explore a novel approach for taxa with constrained phenologies aimed to accurately model their environmental niche and relate this to phenological and morphological adaptations in a phylogenetic context.TaxonInsecta, Diptera, Mydidae,Rhaphiomidas.LocationNorth America, Mojave, Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts.MethodsWe gathered geographical and phenological occurrence data for the entire genusRhaphiomidas, and, estimated a time calibrated phylogeny. We compared Daymet derived temperature values for a species adult occurrence period (phenology) with those derived from WorldClim data that is partitioned by month or quarter to examine what effect using more precise data has on capturing a species’ environmental niche. We then examined to what extent phylogenetic signal in phenological traits, climate tolerance and morphology can inform us about how species adapt to different environmental regimes.ResultsWe found that the Bioclim temperature data, which are averages across monthly intervals, poorly represent the climate windows to which adult flies are actually adapted. Using temporally relevant climate data, we show that many species use a combination of morphological and phenological changes to adapt to different climate regimes. There are also instances where species changed only phenology to track a climate type or only morphology to adapt to different environments.Main ConclusionsWithout using a fine‐scale phenological data approach, identifying environmental adaptations could be misleading because the data do not represent the conditions the animals are actually experiencing. We find that fine‐scale phenological niche models are needed when assessing taxa that have a discrete phenological window that is key to their survival, accurately linking environment to morphology and phenology. Using this approach, we show thatRhaphiomidasuse a combination of niche tracking and adaptation to persist in new niches. Modelling the effect of phenology on such species’ niches will be critical for better predictions of how these species might respond to future climate change.
Community building and knowledge sharing by individuals with disabilities using social media
Authors: Sweet Kayla S. , LeBlanc Jennifer K. , Stough Laura M. , Sweany Noelle W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe use of social media to share information, enhance learning, and connect with an online community has grown rapidly over the past 10 years. As social media becomes a more common tool in both formal and informal education, it is imperative to understand how it is used by individuals with disabilities. Through a systematic study of the literature, 215 articles on social media used by individuals with disabilities were selected and 29 selected for in‐depth thematic analysis. Six major themes were identified: community, cyberbullying, self‐esteem, self‐determination, access to technology, and accessibility. To confirm these six categories, we expanded our search, yielding an additional 30 articles, for a total 59 articles reviewed in‐depth. Interactions between individuals with disabilities within online communities often had the goal of acquiring knowledge or learning new information. A communities of practice theoretical framework is used to discuss interactions among the elements of social media design, learning, and the building of community by individuals with disabilities.
Aurora kinase A stabilizes FOXM1 to enhance paclitaxel resistance in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Yang Na , Wang Chang , Wang Jian , Wang Zifeng , Huang Di , Yan Min , Kamran Muhammad , Liu Quentin , Xu BangLao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a relatively poor outcome. Acquired chemoresistance is a major clinical challenge for TNBC patients. Previously, we reported that kinase‐dead Aurora kinase A (Aurora‐A) could effectively transactivate the FOXM1 promoter. Here, we demonstrate an additional pathway through which Aurora‐A stabilizes FOXM1 by attenuating its ubiquitin in TNBC. Specifically, Aurora‐A stabilizes FOXM1 in late M phase and early G1 phase of the cell cycle, which promotes proliferation of TNBC cells. Knock‐down of Aurora‐A significantly suppresses cell proliferation in TNBC cell lines and can be rescued by FOXM1 overexpression. We observe that paclitaxel‐resistant TNBC cells exhibit high expression of Aurora‐A and FOXM1. Overexpression of Aurora‐A offers TNBC cells an additional growth advantage and protection against paclitaxel. Moreover, Aurora‐A and FOXM1 could be simultaneously targeted by thiostrepton. Combination of thiostrepton and paclitaxel treatment reverses paclitaxel resistance and significantly inhibits cell proliferation. In conclusion, our study reveals additional mechanism through which Aurora‐A regulates FOXM1 and provides a new therapeutic strategy to treat paclitaxel‐resistant triple‐negative breast cancer.
High‐throughput identification and quantification of Vagococcus salmoninarum by SYBR Green I‐based real‐time PCR combined with melting curve analysis
Authors: Torres‐Corral Yolanda , Fernández‐Álvarez Clara , Santos Ysabel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work describes a primer pair and a high‐throughput SYBR Green I‐based real‐time PCR protocol combined with melting curve analysis for identification and quantification of Vagococcus salmoninarum in bacterial cultures and infected fish tissues. The 16S rRNA gene was selected for the design of the primer pair (SalF and SalR). The sensitivity and specificity of this primer pair were compared with other previously designed for conventional PCR. Although both primer pairs showed 100% specificity using pure bacterial cultures or DNA extracted from bacteria or fish tissues, the primer pairs designed in this study showed the highest sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.034 × 100 amplicon copies per assay (equivalent to 2 × 10−11 ng/µl, Cq value of 30.49 ± 1.71). The developed qPCR protocol allowed the detection of V. salmoninarum in non‐lethal and lethal fish samples with detection levels of 0.17 × 100 gene copies in tissues artificially infected and 0.02 × 100 in tissues of fish experimentally infected with V. salmoninarum. The high sensitivity of the developed method suggests that it could be considered as a useful tool for diagnosis of vagococcosis and the detection of V. salmoninarum in asymptomatic or carrier fish.
High‐Sensitive Troponin T, Natriuretic Peptide, and Cognitive Change
Authors: Pokharel Yashashwi , Mouhanna Farah , Schneider Andrea L. C. , Rawlings Andreea M. , Knopman David S. , Nambi Vijay , Virani Salim S. , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Alonso Alvaro , Heiss Gerardo , Coresh Josef , Mosley Thomas , Gottesman Rebecca , Selvin Elizabeth , Ballantyne Christie , Power Melinda C. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESCardiac troponin T, measured using a high‐sensitive assay (hs‐cTnT), and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) are associated with increased stroke risk and perhaps with cognitive decline. However, few well‐designed prospective studies with extended follow‐up have been conducted. We aimed to estimate the association of hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP with 15‐year cognitive change in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGFour US communities.PARTICIPANTSA total of 9114 and 9108 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study for analyses of hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP, respectively.MEASUREMENTSWe examined association of hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP with 15‐year change (1996‐1998 to 2011‐2013) in three cognitive tests of executive function (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), verbal learning memory (Delayed Word Recall Test), and semantic fluency (Word Fluency Test), and an overall score combining the three tests using multivariable linear mixed effect models. We conducted several sensitivity analyses including multiple imputations to address bias due to missing data and attrition, and we compared associations within groups combining hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP into a three‐level categorical variable.RESULTSAt baseline (1996‐1998), mean age was 63.4 (standard deviation [SD] = 5.7) years; 56.4% were women, and 17.5% were black. The hs‐cTnT at baseline was not associated with cognitive change in any measure. Some evidence indicated accelerated decline in verbal learning and memory when comparing those in the highest with the lowest NT‐proBNP quintiles; however, this association was not replicated when considering clinically relevant cutoffs or deciles of exposure in survivors. Sensitivity analyses were consistent with our primary analyses. There was little evidence to support effect modification by any considered factors. People with highest levels of both biomarkers had excessive decline in global z scores vs people with lowest levels (−.34; 95% confidence interval = −.63 to −.04).CONCLUSIONMarkers of myocardial injury and stretch were not associated with cognitive decline following 15 years among survivors, but when combined together they were suggestive in post hoc analysis. Whether this represents targets of intervention should be examined in the future. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2353–2361, 2019