bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread Hypersensitivity to Pressure Pain in Men With Cluster Headache During Prolonged Remission Is Not Related to the Levels of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Gómez‐Mayordomo Víctor , Palacios‐Ceña María , Guerrero‐Peral Ángel , Fuensalida‐Novo Stella , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Cuadrado María L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiminished pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) have been found in patients with cluster headache (CH), suggesting the presence of central sensitization. However, it is not known whether sensitization persists over time during the asymptomatic periods.ObjectiveTo investigate if men with episodic CH in a long‐lasting remission phase exhibit widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity.MethodsForty men with episodic CH and 40 matched controls were enrolled. PPTs were assessed bilaterally over 1 trigeminal (temporalis muscle) and 3 extra‐trigeminal points (C5/C6 zygapophyseal joint, second metacarpal, tibialis anterior muscle) by a blinded assessor. Patients were assessed in a prolonged remission phase, at least 6 months after their last CH attack and without taking any medication. Depression and anxiety levels were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). For each point, differences in PPTs were evaluated with a multivariate mixed‐model analysis of covariance test, with side and group as main factors and depression and anxiety levels as covariates.ResultsPPTs were significantly decreased bilaterally over the temporalis muscle (mean difference: 85 to 100 kPa), C5/C6 zygapophyseal joint (mean difference: 65 to 80 kPa), second metacarpal (mean difference: 65 to 90 kPa), and tibialis anterior muscle (mean difference: 135 to 155 kPa) in patients with CH when compared to headache‐free subjects (all, P < 0.001). No effect of anxiety or depression levels was found.ConclusionsPatients with CH exhibited bilateral widespread hypersensitivity to pressure pain during long‐lasting remission periods, which was not associated with depression or anxiety. These results support the persistence of central sensitization in episodic CH, even in remote asymptomatic phases.
Transforaminal Epidural Injection of Local Anesthetic and Dorsal Root Ganglion Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment in Lumbar Radicular Pain: A Randomized, Triple‐Blind, Active‐Control Trial
Authors: De Manish , Mohan Virender K. , Bhoi Debesh , Talawar Praveen , Kumar Ajeet , Garg Bhavuk , Trikha Anjan , Dehran Maya , Kashyap Lokesh , Shende Dilip R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundLumbar radicular pain (LRP) results from inflammation and irritation of lumbar spinal nerves and the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).MethodsOur study is a prospective, triple‐blind, randomized, activecontrol trial (CTRI/2016/02/006666) comparing transforaminal epidural local anesthetic (LA) injection and pulsed radiofrequency treatment of DRG in patients with chronic LRP. Patients with LRP after failed conservative management for >3 months received selective diagnostic nerve root block with 1 mL 2% lidocaine. Fifty patients showing positive responses were divided into groups of 25 each. The LA group received transforaminal epidural injection of 1 mL 0.5% bupivacaine. The lumbar pulsed radiofrequency (LPRF) group received transforaminal epidural injection of 1 mL 0.5% bupivacaine with 3 cycles of pulsed radiofrequency of the DRG for 180 secondsResultsBoth groups were compared by observing pain intensity on a 0‐ to 100‐point VAS and improvement in functional status by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI version 2.0) at 2 weeks and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. All baseline variables were comparable between the 2 groups. Statistically significant reduction in both outcomes was seen in the LPRF group compared to the LA group from 2 weeks to 6 months. One hundred percent of patients in the LPRF group had a ≥20‐ point decrease in VAS and significant percentage reduction in ODI at all time intervals up to 6 months, whereas it was seen in 80% and 28% of patients in the LA group at 3 and 6 months, respectively. No complications were seen in any patientsConclusionPulsed radiofrequency of the DRG applied for longer duration results in long‐term pain relief and improvement in the functional quality of life in patients with chronic LRP.
The Labeling Algorithm and Kirundi Inversion Structures
Authors: Selvanathan Nagarajan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMoro (2009) proposes that Italian inversion structures provide evidence for one of the predictions of the Labeling Algorithm (LA, Chomsky 2013, 2015). This is that in structures in which labeling is ambiguous, one of the constituents must be moved to a higher position, instantiated in Italian inversion as an intermediate focus position. However, Italian provides little independent evidence for movement to such a position and the evidence it does provide is limited to symmetrical structures containing twoDPs. In this paper, I argue that Kirundi Object‐Verb‐Subject (OVS) inversion structures and transitive expletive constructions (TECs) (Ura 1996, Ndayiragije 1999) provide more direct evidence for the type of movement that Moro proposes for Italian. Because of a confluence of Kirundi idiosyncrasies, Kirundi shows unambiguously that when the external argument does not move to Spec,TP, it cannot stay in Spec,vP. Importantly, this ban on remaining in Spec,vPcannot be accounted for by appealing to relativized minimality (Rizzi 1990). Kirundi thus instantiates a key prediction of the LA.
Surgical site infection and risk factors following right lobe living donor liver transplantation in adults: A single‐center prospective cohort study
Authors: Aktas Aydin , Kayaalp Cuneyt , Gunes Orgun , Gokler Cihan , Uylas Ufuk , Cicek Egemen , Ersoy Yasemin , Kose Adem , Bayindir Yasar , Aydin Cemalettin , Yilmaz Sezai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionSurgical site infection (SSI) is an important cause of decreased graft survival, prolonged hospital stay, and higher costs following living donor liver transplantation. There are several risk factors for SSI. In this cohort study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of SSI at our center and the associated risk factors.Materials and MethodsAdult right lobe living donor liver transplantations were included in this prospective cohort. Patients who died postoperatively within 3 days; patients with infected ascites or open abdomen, cadaveric, or pediatric transplants; and patients with biologic or cryopreserved vascular grafts were excluded. Patients' demographic characteristics and perioperative surgical findings were recorded. SSI follow‐up was continued for 90 days. CDC‐2017 criteria were used to diagnose SSI. In the presence of superficial, deep, and organ/space SSI, only the organ in the poorest condition was included in SSI evaluation. The patients were administered similar to antibiotic prophylaxes and immunosuppressive protocols.ResultsA total of 101 patients were enrolled in this study, of which 30 (29.7%) were diagnosed with SSI. Organ/space, only deep, and only superficial SSI were noted in 90% (27/30), 6.7% (2/30), and 3.3% (1/30) of the patients, respectively. Twenty‐five of 30 patients with SSI had a remote site infection. One or more bacteria observed in cultures were obtained from 28 patients. A donor‐recipient age difference of >10 years, cold ischemia lasting for ≥150 minutes, surgical duration of ≥600 minutes, intraoperative hemorrhage of ≥1000 mL, intraoperative blood transfusion, biliary leak or stricture, prolonged mechanical ventilation, prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stay, remote site infection, and the need for reoperation were associated with increased SSI incidence. Preoperative and intraoperative levels of blood glucose, albumin, and hemoglobin were not associated with SSI. A donor‐recipient age difference of >10 years, remote site infection, and biliary leak were found to be independent risk factors for SSI. Hospital mortality with and without SSIs was 6.7% vs 4.4%, P = .61.DiscussionOrgan/space SSIs were the essential part of SSIs following right lobe living donor liver transplantations. Donor‐recipient age gap, prolonged cold ischemia time, complicated surgery, and postoperative biliary complications were the main causes of SSIs. Although they did not increase the perioperative mortality, they promote increased rate of reoperations, remote infections, prolonged intensive care unit, and hospital stays.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): Pathophysiology update and diagnostic dilemmas
Authors: LeVine Dana N. , Brooks Marjory B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune bleeding disorder. The understanding of ITP pathogenesis is rapidly evolving. We now recognize ITP as a complex and heterogeneous syndrome that results from a combination of humoral and cell‐mediated attacks on platelets peripherally and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Autoantibody‐mediated ITP also varies in the pathway used to clear platelets, which depends on the platelet glycoprotein being targeted. Moreover, ITP patients present with variable bleeding severities and treatment responses that do not closely correlate with platelet count. A gold standard diagnostic test for ITP is lacking, and biomarkers to assess disease severity are in their infancy. This review provides an update on the immunopathogenesis of ITP and summarizes currently available tests for ITP diagnosis, prediction of disease severity, and treatment responses. Given the heterogeneous pathogenesis and clinical presentation of ITP, we highlight the need for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests that would allow for the individualized management of a complex disease.
Pain relief during wound care for patients with a deep open wound in an orthopedic trauma department: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Fang Yaxuan , Wang Ning , Shi Lei , Barker Timothy , Zhang Ping 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The aim of this project was to implement best practice in pain relief during wound care for patients with deep open wounds in the orthopedic trauma department of a tertiary teaching hospital in China.

Introduction:
Patients with deep open wounds often suffer from severe pain during wound care. Inadequate pain relief for these patients calls for evidence-based changes to close the gap between current and best practice.

Methods:
The current quality improvement project was carried out over six months using the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES). A baseline and two follow-up audits of wound pain management practice were conducted to identify practice gaps and post implementation compliance in pain management in wound care. The sample comprised 20 patients and two dressing nurses. The Getting Research into Practice tool identified barriers to and strategies for improvement in practice. The patients’ pain experiences were measured following the implementation of changes.

Results:
The baseline audit identified poor compliance with best practice. Following implementation of the recommended changes, some significant improvements in practice were made by the dressing nurses; however, these were inadequately maintained at the second post implementation audit. Patients’ pain scores improved following the nurses’ practice changes (t = 2.272, P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The implementation of best practice in pain relief during wound care for patients with deep open wounds has led to significant improvement in nurses’ performance in the orthopedic trauma department. The most challenging barriers involved interdisciplinary collaborations and organizational structure.
Erosion in a Melt-Infiltrated SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite
Authors: Presby M. J. , Gong C. , Kane S. , Kedir N. , Stanley A. , Faucett D. C. , Choi S. R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Erosion phenomenon of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), attributed to their unique architectural configurations, is markedly different from conventional monolithic ceramic counterparts. Prior to further integration of CMCs into hot-section components of aeroengines subject to erosive environments, their erosion behavior needs to be characterized, analyzed, and formulated. The erosion behavior of a 2D woven melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC CMC was assessed in this work as a function of variables such as particle velocity and size. The erosion damage was characterized using appropriate analytical tools such as optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A phenomenological erosion model was developed for SiC/SiC CMC material systems with respect to the kinetic energy of impacting particles in conjunction with nominal density, matrix hardness, and elastic modulus of the SiC/SiC CMCs. The model was in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Statistical Burnup Distribution of Moving Pebbles in the High-Temperature Reactor HTR-PM
Authors: Vitullo Fanny , Krepel Jiri , Kalilainen Jarmo , Prasser Horst-Michael , Pautz Andreas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the pebble-bed high-temperature reactor under construction in China, called the HTR-PM, the spherical fuel elements continuously flow downward in the cylindrical core. The burnup of each pebble is checked at the core outlet and, according to the achieved burnup level, the pebble might be disposed or reinserted into the upper section of the core. Upon reinsertion, each pebble is radially distributed in a random manner and, according to its downward path, faces different burnup conditions. Hence, the number of passes necessary to achieve the average discharge burnup of 90 MWd/kgU may vary. Discrete element method (DEM) simulations have been carried out to achieve a clear understanding of the movement of the 420000 fuel pebbles in the HTR-PM core. At the same time, neutronics properties have been investigated for a single pebble and for the full core with the Serpent 2 Monte Carlo code. As a result, one-group microscopic cross sections (XS) have been parametrized at the core level. The pebble movement has been loosely coupled with the depletion of a single pebble in a dedicated burnup script called moving pebble burnup (MPB), developed in matlab. 3000 single pebble burnup histories were simulated to obtain sufficient statistics and an insight into the HTR-PM burnup process. The decrease of the average burnup gained per single pass implies that a miss-handling of recirculated fuel elements is unlikely to lead to an excess of the maximum allowed burnup of 100 MWd/kgU. The core demonstrates a self-compensation effect of burnup, meaning that it always compensates burnup under- or over-runs in the successive passes. In addition, gamma detection of 137Cs has been studied as a practical method for monitoring the burnup of the discharged pebbles, turning out to be an applicable measurement technique. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the fuel cycle of the HTR-PM, as it has been laid out, is well designed and feasible.
Tensile Performance of Fused Deposition Modeling PA 6 Polymer Composites With Nanoparticle Reinforcement and/or Continuous Fiber Reinforcement
Authors: Liu Zhihui , Wang Yachao , Shi Jing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM) printing of continuous fiber reinforced polymers had been a challenge until about 5 years ago. With the reinforcement of continuous fiber, the mechanical properties of FDM printed polymers are improved by leaps and bounds. In this paper, we aim to investigate the possibility of further improvement in the mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) printed continuous fiber reinforced polymers by adding nanoreinforcements to the polymer matrix. Kevlar fiber is selected as the continuous fiber reinforcement, nylon 6 (PA 6) is selected as the polymer matrix material, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanoparticles are selected as the nanoreinforcements. In the experiment, CNT or GNP nanoparticles are first mixed with nylon 6 pellets to make nanocomposites, the nanocomposites are then extruded into filaments for 3D printing, and finally, both Kevlar filament and nanocomposite filament are fed through the printing nozzle and deposited on the platform. Tensile specimens are directly printed from pure PA 6 and three types of nanocomposites, namely, CNT/PA 6, GNP/PA 6, and GNP-NH2/PA 6, as well as Kevlar fiber reinforced PA 6 and three types of Kevlar fiber reinforced nanocomposites. The results indicate that although Kevlar fibers dominate the enhancement of mechanical properties for the printed composite materials, the existence of GNP nanofillers also provide a noticeable contribution to the enhancement of tensile strengths and moduli, while the effect of CNTs is much less pronounced.
Synchronization of Spatiotemporal Irregular Wave Propagation Via Boundary Coupling
Authors: Li Liangliang , Huang Yu , Xiao Mingqing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wave dynamics reflect a broad spectrum of natural phenomena and are often characterized by wave equation such as in the development of meta-devices used to steer wave propagation. Modeling synchronization of wave dynamics is critical in various applications such as in communications and neuroscience. In this paper, we study the synchronization problem for oscillations governed by wave equation with nonlinear (van der Pol type) boundary conditions through a single boundary coupling. The dynamics of the master system is self-excited and presents sensitive and rapid oscillations. With the only signal received at one end of the boundary, by constructing a mathematical model, we show the existence of a slave system that can be synchronized with the master system via the study of wave reflections on the boundary to recover the actual wave dynamics. The coupling gain, which represents the strength of the connection between the master system and the slave system, has been identified. The obtained result can be also viewed as an observer construction when the measurable output is only on the boundary. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical outcomes.
Geometric Spectral Algorithms for the Simulation of Rigid Bodies
Authors: Li Yiqun , Meiramgul Razikhova , Chen Jiankui , Yin Zhouping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Lie group methods are an excellent choice for simulating differential equations evolving on Lie groups or homogeneous manifolds, as they can preserve the underlying geometric structures of the corresponding manifolds. Spectral methods are a popular choice for constructing numerical approximations for smooth problems, as they can converge geometrically. In this paper, we focus on developing numerical methods for the simulation of geometric dynamics and control of rigid body systems. Practical algorithms, which combine the advantages of Lie group methods and spectral methods, are given and they are tested both in a geometric dynamic system and a geometric control system.
Multiple sleep dimensions and type 2 diabetes risk among women in the Sister Study: differences by race/ethnicity
Authors: McWhorter Ketrell L , Park Yong-Moon , Gaston Symielle A , Fang Kacey B , Sandler Dale P , Jackson Chandra L 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivePoor sleep has been associated with type 2 diabetes. Since racial/ethnic minorities experience a disproportionately high prevalence of poor sleep and type 2 diabetes, we sought to determine the relationships between multiple sleep dimensions and incident type 2 diabetes and to investigate if these relationships vary by race/ethnicity.Research design and methodsProspective data were analyzed from the Sister Study, which enrolled 50 884 women from 2003 to 2009. Participants self-reported sleep duration, sleep latency, night awakenings, and napping at baseline, and a physician’s diagnosis of type 2 diabetes at follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAmong the 39 071 eligible participants, 87% self-identified as white, 8% black and 5% Hispanic/Latina. The mean follow-up period was 8.5±2.1 years and 1785 type 2 diabetes cases were reported. The incidence rate per 1000 person-years was 5.4 for whites, 13.3 for blacks and 11.6 for Hispanics/Latinas. There was a positive but non-significant increased risk of type 2 diabetes among women who reported short sleep, latency >30 min and frequent night awakenings. In fully-adjusted models, frequent napping was associated with a 19% (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.37) higher type 2 diabetes risk in the overall sample. Poor sleep among racial/ethnic minorities ranged from a 1.4-fold to a 3.2-fold higher type 2 diabetes risk than whites with recommended sleep.ConclusionsFrequent napping was associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk. Racial/ethnic minorities with poor sleep had a higher type 2 diabetes risk than whites with recommended sleep.
Effects of metformin, acarbose, and sitagliptin monotherapy on gut microbiota in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
Authors: Zhang Minchun , Feng Rilu , Yang Mei , Qian Cheng , Wang Zheng , Liu Wei , Ma Jing 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveRecent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota was closely related to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Oral antidiabetic medications including metformin, acarbose and sitagliptin lowered blood glucose levels via acting on the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the study was to observe the comparisons among those medications on gut microbiota composition.Research design and methodsZucker diabetic fatty rats (n=32) were randomly divided into four groups, and had respectively gastric administration of normal saline (control), metformin (215.15 mg/kg/day), acarbose (32.27 mg/kg/day), or sitagliptin (10.76 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Blood glucose levels were measured during an intragastric starch tolerance test after the treatments. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to access the microbiota in the fecal samples.ResultsMetformin, acarbose, and sitagliptin monotherapy effectively decreased fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels (p<0.001). Acarbose group displayed specific cluster and enterotype mainly composed byRuminococcus 2whileLactobacilluswas the dominant bacterium in the enterotype of the other three groups. The relative abundance of generaRuminococcus 2andBifidobacteriumwas dramatically higher in acarbose group. Metformin and sitagliptin increased the relative abundance of genus Lactobacillus. Metagenomic prediction showed that the functional profiles of carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in acarbose group.ConclusionsMetformin, acarbose and sitagliptin exerted different effects on the composition of gut microbiota and selectively increased the beneficial bacteria. Supplementation with specific probiotics may further improve the hypoglycemic effects of the antidiabetic drugs.