bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denitrifying haloarchaea within the genus Haloferax display divergent respiratory phenotypes, with implications for their release of nitrogenous gases
Authors: Torregrosa‐Crespo Javier , Pire Carmen , Martínez‐Espinosa Rosa María , Bergaust Linda 
Published: November 2018

SummaryHaloarchaea are extremophiles, generally thriving at high temperatures and salt concentrations, thus, with limited access to oxygen. As a strategy to maintain a respiratory metabolism, many halophilic archaea are capable of denitrification. Among them are members of the genus Haloferax, which are abundant in saline/hypersaline environments. Three reported haloarchaeal denitrifiers, Haloferax mediterranei, Haloferax denitrificans and Haloferax volcanii, were characterized with respect to their denitrification phenotype. A semi‐automatic incubation system was used to monitor the depletion of electron acceptors and accumulation of gaseous intermediates in batch cultures under a range of conditions. Out of the species tested, only H. mediterranei was able to consistently reduce all available N‐oxyanions to N2, while the other two released significant amounts of NO and N2O, which affect tropospheric and stratospheric chemistries respectively. The prevalence and magnitude of hypersaline ecosystems are on the rise due to climate change and anthropogenic activity. Thus, the biology of halophilic denitrifiers is inherently interesting, due to their contribution to the global nitrogen cycle, and potential application in bioremediation. This work is the first detailed physiological study of denitrification in haloarchaea, and as such a seed for our understanding of the drivers of nitrogen turnover in hypersaline systems.
Effect of Hemodialysis on the Red Blood Cell Life Span in Patients with End‐Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: Luo Jun‐Feng , Li Jiu‐Hong , Nie Jun‐Jie , Li Ping‐Ping , Zhang Hou‐De , Ma Yong‐Jian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to use a CO breath test to investigate hemodialysis effects on red blood cell lifespan in patients with chronic kidney disease. A cohort of 17 non‐smoking men with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis via a polysulfone dialysis membrane (as opposed to a traditional cellulose acetate membrane) were subjected to a repeated Levitt's CO breath test to compare red blood cell lifespan before vs. after dialysis. None of the patients showed significant fluctuations in endogenous CO concentration during the dialysis procedure. The mean red blood cell lifespan was 66.0 ± 31.0 days before dialysis and 72.0 ± 26.0 days after dialysis, with no significant difference between the assessment time points (P > 0.05). In conclusion, dialysis using a polysulfone membrane did not appear to disrupt red blood cells or reduce their lifespan in patients with end‐stage kidney disease.
Cannabinoid dependence induces sustained changes in GABA release in the globus pallidus without affecting dopamine release in the dorsal striatum: A dual microdialysis probe study
Authors: Moreno Margarita , Decara Juan , Pavon Francisco Javier , Stouffer David G. , Edwards Scott , Serrano Antonia , Suárez Juan , Parsons Loren H. , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDisruption of motor behavior is a common symptom found in cannabinoid‐dependent animals. It is probably derived from dysregulation of basal ganglia circuits, especially the strio‐pallidal efferent pathway as suggested by previous reports. In the present study, we analyzed the functional consequences of the chronic administration of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55 212 (2 mg/kg, twice a day for 14 days) on GABA and dopamine release in the basal ganglia of dependent animals by means of dual microdialysis monitoring. GABA release was measured in the globus pallidus externus, whereas dopamine release was monitored in the dorsal striatum. Chronic administration of WIN 55 212‐2 resulted in almost a twofold tonic increase in GABA release in the globus pallidus, whereas it did not affect dopamine release. The systemic administration of the dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg) resulted in a decrease of both, dopamine release in the striatum and GABA release in the globus pallidus that was equal in magnitude in both control and cannabinoid‐dependent animals. However, the biphasic behavioral responses to quinpirole of cannabinoid‐dependent animals were clearly more intense than those observed in control animals. Cannabinoid‐dependent animals exhibited greater immobility in the first phase and more stereotypies in the second phase, indicating the presence of a dysregulated behavioral response. This enhanced sensitivity to dopamine D2 agonists is probably associated to the altered GABA transmission in the efferent pathway of the basal ganglia, reflected in the tonic enhanced release of this inhibitory transmitter in the globus pallidus.
Ethanol‐induced alterations in endocannabinoids and relevant neurotransmitters in the nucleus accumbens of fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout mice
Authors: Pavón Francisco J. , Serrano Antonia , Stouffer David G. , Polis Ilham , Roberto Marisa , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Martin‐Fardon Rémi , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Parsons Loren H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDeletion of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), enzyme responsible for degrading endocannabinoids, increases alcohol consumption and preference. However, there is a lack of data on neurochemical events in mice exposed to alcohol in the absence of FAAH. Extracellular levels of endocannabinoids and relevant neurotransmitters were measured by in vivo microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of FAAH knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice during an ethanol (EtOH; 2 g/kg, ip) challenge in EtOH‐naive and repeated (r) EtOH–treated mice. In both genotypes, EtOH treatment caused no changes in baseline endocannabinoid levels, although FAAH KO mice displayed higher baseline N‐arachidonoylethanolamine levels than WT mice. EtOH challenge caused a sustained increase in 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) levels in EtOH‐naive WT mice but not in FAAH KO mice. In contrast, 2‐AG levels were decreased following EtOH challenge in (r)EtOH‐treated mice in both genotypes. Whereas (r)EtOH‐treated mice showed higher baseline dopamine and serotonin levels than EtOH‐naive mice in WT mice, these differences were attenuated in FAAH KO mice. Significant differences in baseline γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels by EtOH history were observed in WT mice but not in FAAH KO mice. Moreover, opposed effects on glutamate response were observed after EtOH challenge in EtOH‐naive and (r)EtOH‐treated FAAH KO mice. Finally, FAAH deletion failed to show EtOH‐induced locomotion sensitivity. These data provide evidence of a potential influence of 2‐AG in the neurochemical response to EtOH exposure in the NAc.
Could prenatal food insecurity influence neonatal abstinence syndrome severity?
Authors: Rose‐Jacobs Ruth , Trevino‐Talbot Michelle , Lloyd‐Travaglini Christine , Cabral Howard J. , Vibbert Martha , Saia Kelley , Wachman Elisha M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsIn general populations, prenatal food insecurity negatively affects maternal and infant health. Our aim was to estimate and test the association between prenatal food insecurity and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) severity.Design/SettingSingle‐site prospective cohort design. Women receiving opioid agonist treatment with methadone or buprenorphine were interviewed (including demographics and food insecurity) during the third trimester at the combined obstetric/opioid use disorder treatment clinic at Boston Medical Center (BMC) in Boston, MA, USA, a large urban safety‐net hospital. During postnatal hospitalization, infants were assessed and treated per hospital NAS protocol. Maternal clinic and infant hospitalization data were abstracted from medical records.ParticipantsWomen (n = 75; aged ≥ 18 years; fluent English; singleton pregnancy; intending to deliver at BMC and maintain parental custody) receiving care in the specialized clinic were study eligible (2013–15). Women who delivered infants < 36 weeks gestational age or required prolonged newborn intensive care unit stay were excluded from analyses.Primary measurementsPredictors: validated two‐question Hunger Vital Sign™ food insecurity screener; outcomes: extent of NAS pharmacological treatment and length of hospital stay (LOS) for NAS.FindingsOf the mother–infant dyads, 61 (81%) infants were treated pharmacologically for NAS. Mean hospital LOS was 19.9 (standard deviation = 9.4) days. Maternal food insecurity (n = 43, 57.3%) was associated with infant NAS pharmacological treatment in logistic regression analyses individually adjusted for prenatal: maternal depression [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 3.69 (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.02–13.43, P = 0.05)] and methadone agonist treatment [aOR = 4.17 (95% CI = 1.05–16.50, P = 0.04)]. Associations of food insecurity and LOS were inconclusive regardless of covariate control (P > 0.05).ConclusionAmong women receiving opioid agonist treatment, prenatal food insecurity appears to be associated with increased risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome pharmacological treatment.
IgG4‐related disease in patients with idiopathic orbital inflammation syndrome: data from the French SIOI prospective cohort
Authors: Abad Sébastien , Martin Antoine , Héran Francoise , Cucherousset Nahla , Mouriaux Frédéric , Héron Emmanuel , Sédira Neila , Zmuda Mathieu , Groh Matthieu , Abbas Aïcha , Saadoun David , Aucouturier Pierre , Vicaut Eric , Dhote Robin ,   the French Orbital Inflammation Study Group and Collaborators
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo better characterize IgG4‐related disease (RD) in the setting of idiopathic orbital inflammation syndrome (IOIS).MethodsNational, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. Among the patients consecutively included in the French multicentre SIOI cohort, we selected those who underwent orbital and/or adnexal biopsy. Clinical, morphological and pathological findings at diagnosis were blindly analysed. Serum IgG4 levels at inclusion were measured and all available biopsy specimens were immunostained for IgG4 and IgG. Biopsy samples with more than 10 IgG4‐positive plasma cells per high‐power field and a IgG4+/IgG+ plasma cell ratio above 40% were scored as positive. IgG4‐positive patients were then screened for comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4‐RD.ResultsOf the 87 patients included, 35 had histologically documented IOIS. Thirteen patients (37%) with a mean age at onset of 27 years (range 21–78) had IgG4‐positive biopsies, among which 10 patients (77%) and 3 (23%, with IgG4 serum levels >1.35 g/L) were considered as having probable and definite IgG4‐RD, respectively. The latter 13 patients more frequently fulfilled histological criteria for IgG4‐RD (including plasmacytic infiltrate (p = 0.006), fibrosis (p = 0.0025) and periphlebitis (p = 0.075)) than IgG4‐negative patients. Storiform fibrosis was exclusively found in orbital tissues from IgG4‐positive patients (n = 3, 23%). Eosinophilia associated with recurrent sinusitis or asthma was a prominent feature in patients with definite IgG4‐RD.ConclusionsMore than one‐third of patients with biopsy‐proven IOIS satisfied criteria for IgG4‐RD, but only a few had a definite type.
Lithium monotherapy associated longitudinal effects on resting state brain networks in clinical treatment of bipolar disorder
Authors: Spielberg Jeffrey M , Matyi Melanie A , Karne Harish , Anand Amit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesLithium is one of the most effective and specific treatments for bipolar disorder (BP), but the neural mechanisms by which lithium impacts symptoms remain unclear. Past research has been limited by a reliance on cross‐sectional designs, which does not allow for identification of within‐person changes due to lithium and has not examined communication between brain regions (ie, networks). In the present study, we prospectively investigated the lithium monotherapy associated effects in vivo on the brain connectome in medication‐free BP patients. In particular, we examined the within‐person impact of lithium treatment on connectome indices previously linked to mania and depression in bipolar disorder.MethodsThirty‐nine medication‐free subjects – 26 BP (13 (hypo)manic and 13 depressed) and 13 closely matched healthy controls (HC) – were included. fMRI data were obtained at 3 timepoints: baseline, after 2 weeks, and after 8 weeks (total of 117 scans: 78 BP and 39 HC scans). BP subjects were clinically treated with lithium for 8 weeks while HC were scanned at the same time points but not treated. Graph theory metrics and repeated measures GLM were used to analyze lithium treatment associated effects.ResultsConsistent with hypotheses, lithium treatment was associated with a normalizing effect on mania‐related connectome indices. Furthermore, shifts in both mania‐ and depression‐related connectome indices were proportional to symptom change. Finally, lithium treatment‐associated impact on amygdala function differed depending on baseline mood.ConclusionsPresent findings provide deeper insight into the therapeutic neural mechanisms associated with lithium treatment.
Daily and weekly mood ratings using a remote capture method in high‐risk offspring of bipolar parents: Compliance and symptom monitoring
Authors: Duffy Anne , Keown‐Stoneman Charles DG , Goodday Sarah M , Saunders Katharine , Horrocks Julie , Grof Paul , Weir Arielle , Hinds Chris , Geddes John 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the compliance and clinical utility of weekly and daily electronic mood symptom monitoring in adolescents and young adults at risk for mood disorder.MethodsFifty emerging adult offspring of bipolar parents were recruited from the Flourish Canadian high‐risk offspring cohort study along with 108 university student controls. Participants were assessed by KSADS/SADS‐L semi‐structured interviews and used a remote capture method to complete weekly and daily mood symptom ratings using validated scales for 90 consecutive days. Hazard models and generalized estimating equations were used to determine differences in summary scores and regularity of ratings.ResultsSeventy‐eight and 77% of high‐risk offspring and 97% and 93% of controls completed the first 30 days of weekly and daily ratings, respectively. There were no differences in drop‐out rates between groups over 90 days (weekly P = 0.2149; daily P = 0.9792). There were no differences in mean summary scores or regularity of weekly anxiety, depressive or hypomanic symptom ratings between high‐risk offspring and control groups. However, high‐risk offspring compared to controls had daily ratings indicating lower positive affect, higher negative affect and lower self‐esteem (P = 0.0317). High‐risk offspring with remitted mood disorder compared to those without had more irregularity in weekly anxiety and depressive symptom ratings and daily ratings of lower positive affect, higher negative affect, and higher shame and self‐doubt (P = 0.0365).ConclusionsFindings support that high‐resolution electronic mood tracking may be a feasible and clinically useful approach in monitoring emerging psychopathology in young people at high‐risk offspring of mood disorder onset or recurrence.
Characteristics of metabolic stability and the cell permeability of 2‐pyrimidinyl‐piperazinyl‐alkyl derivatives of 1H‐imidazo[2,1‐f]purine‐2,4(3H,8H)‐dione with antidepressant‐ and anxiolytic‐like activities
Authors: Zagórska Agnieszka , Partyka Anna , Bucki Adam , Kołaczkowski Marcin , Jastrzębska‐Więsek Magdalena , Czopek Anna , Siwek Agata , Głuch‐Lutwin Monika , Bednarski Marek , Bajda Marek , Jończyk Jakub , Piska Kamil , Koczurkiewicz Paulina , Wesołowska Anna , Pawłowski Maciej 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of 2‐pyrimidinyl‐piperazinyl‐alkyl derivatives of 1H‐imidazo[2,1‐f]purine‐2,4(3H,8H)‐dione has been synthesized in an attempt to discover a new class of psychotropic agents. Compounds were evaluated for their in vitro affinity for serotonin 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT7, and phosphodiesterases PDE4 and PDE10. The most potent compound 2‐pyrimidinyl‐1‐piperazinyl‐butyl‐imidazo[2,1‐f]purine‐2,4‐dione (4b) behaved as strong and selective antagonist of 5‐HT1A. Molecular modeling studies revealed differences in binding mode between compound 4b and buspirone, which might reflect variation of the ligands’ affinity and potency in the 5‐HT1A receptor. Compound 4b in silico models demonstrated drug‐likeness properties and, contrary to buspirone, showed a metabolic stability in mouse liver microsomes system. Experimentally obtained value of apparent permeability coefficient Papp for 4b in parallel artificial permeability assay indicates the possibility of binding weakly to plasma proteins and high intestinal absorption fraction. Evaluation of the antidepressant‐ and anxiolytic‐like activities of 4b revealed both activities at the same dose of 1.25 mg/kg and seemed to be specific. The antidepressant and/or anxiolytic properties of 4b may be related to its first‐pass effect.
Sex‐specific effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on bone mineral density and body composition: A pooled analysis of four clinical trials
Authors: Jankowski Catherine M. , Wolfe Pamela , Schmiege Sarah J. , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Khosla Sundeep , Jensen Michael , von Muhlen Denise , Laughlin Gail A. , Kritz‐Silverstein Donna , Bergstrom Jaclyn , Bettencourt Richele , Weiss Edward P. , Villareal Dennis T. , Kohrt Wendy M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveStudies of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) therapy in older adults suggest sex‐specific effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition, but the ability of a single study to reach this conclusion was limited. We evaluated the effects of DHEA on sex hormones, BMD, fat mass and fat‐free mass in older women and men enrolled in four similar clinical trials.DesignPooled analyses of data from four double‐blinded, randomized controlled trials.ParticipantsWomen (n = 295) and men (n = 290) aged 55 years or older who took DHEA or placebo tablet daily for 12 months.MeasurementsTwelve‐month changes in BMD, fat mass, fat‐free mass and serum DHEA sulphate (DHEAS), (17)estradiol, testosterone and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1).ResultsWomen on DHEA had increases (mean ± SD; all P < 0.001 vs placebo) in DHEAS (231 ± 164 µg/dL), testosterone (18.6 ± 20.9 µg/dL), (17)estradiol (8.7 ± 11.0 pg/mL) and IGF‐1 (25.1 ± 52.3 ng/mL), and men had increases in DHEAS (269.0 ± 177 µg/dL; P < 0.01), (17)estradiol (4.8 ± 12.2 pg/m; P < 0.01) and IGF‐1 (6.3 ± 41.4 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Women on DHEA had increases in lumbar spine (1.0% ± 3.4%) and trochanter (0.5% ± 3.8%) BMD and maintained total hip BMD (0.0% ± 2.8%); men had no BMD benefit and a decrease in fat mass (−0.4 ± 2.6 kg; all P < 0.01 vs placebo).ConclusionsDehydroepiandrosterone therapy may be an effective approach for preserving bone and muscle mass in women. Key questions are (a) the extent to which longer duration DHEA can attenuate the loss of bone and muscle in women, and (b) whether DHEA has a more favourable benefit‐to‐risk profile for women than oestrogen therapy.
Use of Twitter in communicating living solid organ donation information to the public: An exploratory study of living donors and transplant professionals
Authors: Ruck Jessica M. , Henderson Macey L. , Eno Ann K. , Van Pilsum Rasmussen Sarah E. , DiBrito Sandra R. , Thomas Alvin G. , Li Rebecca , Singer Lauren , Massie Indraneel , Waldram Madeleine M. , Konel Jonathan M. , Helfer David R. , Garonzik Wang Jacqueline M. , Purnell Tanjala S. , Mogul Douglas B. , Lentine Krista L. , Waterman Amy D. , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs transplant centers start leveraging Twitter for information dissemination and public engagement, it is important to understand current living solid organ donation‐related Twitter use.MethodsWe identified public Twitter profiles available in 01/2017 that referenced living organ donation and analyzed the use of donation‐related Twitter handles, names, or profile information. Tweets were manually abstracted and qualitatively analyzed for common themes. Social media influence of those tweeting about living donation was evaluated using Klout score.ResultsWe identified 93 donors, 61 professionals, 12 hospitals, and 19 organizations that met eligibility criteria. Social media influence was similar across these groups (P = 0.4). Donors (16%) and organizations (23%) were more likely than professionals (7%) or hospitals (0%) to include transplant‐related educational information in their profiles (P = 0.007). Living donation‐related tweets were most commonly donation stories (33%), news reports (20%), reports about new transplant research (15%), and sharing transplant candidates’ searches for donors (14%).ConclusionsThis exploratory study of living donors and transplant professionals, hospitals, and organizations on Twitter provides insight into how the social media platform may be used to communicate about and disseminate information about living donation.
Early invasive squamous cell carcinoma recurrence rates: A study examining surgical margins, tumor surface diameter, invasion depth, and grade of differentiation in 1296 cases over 9 years
Authors: Pyne John H. , Myint Esther , Clark Simon P. , Barr Elizabeth M. , Hou Ruihang 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundInvasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is typically treated by surgical excision.MethodsConsecutive SCC excisions were reviewed prospectively in a single Australian center from 2009 to 2017. Cases were examined for recurrence by histopathologic margins, microscopic tumor surface diameter, invasion depth, grade of differentiation, and anatomic site.ResultsOver 9 years, 1296 cases were collected. By grade of differentiation maximum average microscopic surface diameters ranged from 8.0 to 9.6 mm and maximum average depths from 1.3 to 2.5 mm. Minimum average histopathologic margins for well, moderate, and poorly differentiated SCC, respectively, were 1.4, 1.1, and 1.3 mm. Recurrence occurred in 1.7% of well (n = 18/1084), 1.8% moderate (n = 3/165) and 6.4% in poorly differentiated (n = 3/47) SCC. No recurrence occurred beyond a histopathologic margin of 3.5 mm for well and 2.5 mm for moderately differentiated SCC. Highest recurrence for well‐differentiated SCC by anatomic site was the lip (7.0%) then ear (4.6%).ConclusionWe found a recurrence rate of 1.0% for histopathologic margins of 1.5 mm with early well‐differentiated SCC. The grade of differentiation and anatomic site had a larger influence on recurrence rates compared to the histopathologic margins. Poorly differentiated SCC and ear or lip sites require wider surgical margins.