bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American firearm homicides: The impact of your neighbors
Authors: Olson Erik J. , Hoofnagle Mark , Kaufman Elinore J. , Schwab Charles William , Reilly Patrick M. , Seamon Mark J. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Restrictive firearm legislation has correlated with decreased overall firearm fatality rates, but not with firearm-related homicide or firearm mortality among Black Americans. We hypothesized that firearm trafficking from states with less restrictive firearm legislation to neighboring states with more restrictive firearm legislation increases firearm homicide rates in those restrictive states.

METHODS
For years 2011–2015, state firearm legislation Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence scorecards were analyzed in relation to firearms traced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms and Center for Disease Control and Prevention firearm mortality rates. States were ranked by Brady score and arranged by quintile to establish the Standardized Brady Score. The effect of less-restrictive neighboring states on the 10 most-restrictive firearm legislation states was modeled by averaging the 10 most-restrictive states with their bordering states to create a Border Adjustment Score. Firearm fatality rates were calculated for each quintile and Poisson regression models were created for each score and outcome. Model fit was compared using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).

RESULTS
There were 169,396 firearm fatalities including 57,885 firearm homicides. Comparing top and bottom quintile firearm legislation states, 65% vs. 44% of firearms traced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives originated in other states respectively. The Border Adjustment Score generated a more linear relationship than the Standardized Brady Score for all firearm fatality categories as firearm legislation scores decreased. The Border Adjustment Score minimized the AIC with respect to the Standardized Brady Score for black (AIC, 4443 vs. 4680) and white firearm homicide rates (3243 vs. 4319), indicating improved model fit after adjustment for neighboring state firearm legislation.

CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that firearm movement across states plays an important role in firearm homicides. Accounting for firearm legislation in both individual and neighboring states may improve our understanding of the relationship between firearm legislation and homicide.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiological study, level IV.
Life after 90: Predictors of mortality and performance of the ACS-NSQIP risk calculator in 4,724 nonagenarian patients undergoing emergency general surgery
Authors: Kongwibulwut Manasnun , Chiang Kevin , Lee Jae Moo , Eid Ahmed I. , Kongkaewpaisan Napaporn , Han Kelsey , Nordestgaard Ask Tybjærg , King David , Saillant Noelle , Mendoza April E. , Velmahos George , Kaafarani Haytham M.A. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
The decision to emergently operate on nonagenarian patients (NONAs) can be complex due to the uncertainty about outcomes and goals of care at this advanced age. We sought to study: (1) the outcomes and predictors of mortality for NONAs undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) and (2) the accuracy of ACS-NSQIP mortality risk calculator in this special population.

METHODS
Using the 2007 to 2015 ACS-NSQIP database, we included all patients older than 90 years of age who underwent an emergent operation with a Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for “digestive system.” Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of 30-day mortality. NONAs' mortality rates for different combinations of risk factors were also studied and compared to the ACS-NSQIP calculator-predicted mortality rates.

RESULTS
Out of a total of 4,456,809 patients, 4,724 NONAs were included. The overall 30-day patient mortality and morbidity rates were 21% and 45%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, several independent predictors of 30-day mortality were identified, including recent history of weight loss, history of steroid use, smoking, functional dependence, hypoalbuminemia and sepsis or septic shock. The mortality among NONAs with a history of steroid use and a recent history of weight loss was 100%. Similarly, the mortality of NONAs with recent history of weight loss who presented with preoperative septic shock was 93%. The ACS-NSQIP calculator significantly and consistently underestimated the risk of mortality in all NONAs undergoing EGS.

CONCLUSION
Most NONAs undergoing EGS survive the hospital stay and the first 30 postoperative days, even in the presence of significant preexisting comorbidities. However, the combination of recent weight loss with either steroid use or septic shock nearly ensures mortality and should be used in the discussions with patients and families before a decision to operate is made. The ACS-NSQIP surgical risk calculator should be used with caution in these high-risk patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level III.
Isolation of Full Size BAC Inserts by DNA Gap Repair inE. coli
Authors: Lyozin George T. , Brunelli Luca 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDNA polymers can comprise millions of base pairs and encode thousands of structural and regulatory genetic elements. Thus, the precise isolation of specific DNA segments is required for accurate gene dissection. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a standard tool for this purpose, increasing DNA template size leads to the accumulation of polymerase errors, hindering the precise isolation of large-size DNA fragments. Unlike PCR amplification, DNA gap repair (DGR) is a virtually error-free process. However, the maximal size of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) insert isolated so far by recombination-mediated genetic engineering (recombineering) is <90 Kilobase pairs (Kbp) in length. Here, we developed a compact bacteriophage P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) vector, and we used it to retrieve a DNA segment of 203 Kbp in length from a human BAC by DGR inEscherichia coli(E. coli). We analyzed the efficiency of DGR with repressed (recombineering-) and derepressed lambda phageredgenes (recombineering+). We showed that both DGR efficiency and the percentage of PAC clones containing the expected 203 Kbp BAC insert improved with increasing size of homology arms. In recombineering+E. colicells and with an efficiency of electroporation of 8×109/1µg pUC plasmid DNA, DGR efficiency and the percentage of correct PAC clones were about 5×10-6and 1% for 30 bp; 6×10-6and 30% for 40 bp; and 1.5×10-5and 80% for 80 bp homology arms, respectively. These data show that using long homology arms and a newly developed vector, we isolated for the first time nearly a full size BAC insert with a frequency of correct clones not previously reported.
Novel Algorithms for the Taxonomic Classification of Metagenomic Linked-Reads
Authors: Danko David C. , Meleshko Dmitry , Bezdan Daniela , Mason Christopher , Hajirasouliha Iman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present KrakenLinked, a metagenomic read classifier for Linked-Reads. We have formulated two algorithms for read classification of metagenomic samples using linked reads: tree pruning and taxa promotion. Tree pruning improves specificity while taxa promotion improves sensitivity. Used together the algorithms improve taxonomic classification of linked-reads compared to short reads, particularly reducing false identification of taxa. We have implemented these algorithms as functions in KrakenUniq which we make available as KrakenLinked.
Spin flight mode identification with OEEMD algorithm
Authors: Mokhtari S. Abolfazl , Sabzehparvar Mehdi 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The paper aims to present an innovative method for identification of flight modes in the spin maneuver, which is highly nonlinear and coupled dynamic.

Design/methodology/approach
To fix the mode mixing problem which is mostly happen in the EMD algorithm, the authors focused on the proposal of an optimized ensemble empirical mode decomposition (OEEMD) algorithm for processing of the flight complex signals that originate from FDR. There are two improvements with the OEEMD respect to the EEMD. First, this algorithm is able to make a precise reconstruction of the original signal. The second improvement is that the OEEMD performs the task of signal decomposition with fewer iterations and so with less complexity order rather than the competitor approaches.

Findings
By applying the OEEMD algorithm to the spin flight parameter signals, flight modes extracted, then with using systematic technique, flight modes characteristics are obtained. The results indicate that there are some non-standard modes in the nonlinear region due to couplings between the longitudinal and lateral motions.

Practical implications
Application of the proposed method to the spin flight test data may result accurate identification of nonlinear dynamics with high coupling in this regime.

Originality/value
First, to fix the mode mixing problem in EMD, an optimized ensemble empirical mode decomposition algorithm is introduced, which disturbed the original signal with a sort of white Gaussian noise, and by using white noise statistical characteristics the OEEMD fix the mode mixing problem with high precision and fewer calculations. Second, by applying the OEEMD to the flight output signals and with using the systematic method, flight mode characteristics which is very important in the simulation and controller designing are obtained.
Human capital: the link between leadership and organizational learning
Authors: Pasamar Susana , Diaz-Fernandez Mirta , de la Rosa-Navarro Ma Dolores 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThere is some research showing that leadership behaviors could be important antecedents to learning, but knowledge is scarce on the impact of which leadership styles support exploitative and explorative learning. The purpose of this paper is to hypothesize that transformational leadership – more concerned with innovation – will encourage generalist human capital (HC), while transactional leadership – more focused on the efficiency of existing operations – will promote specialist HC.Design/methodology/approachTo test the hypotheses, the authors adopt a structural ambidexterity approach as the authors consider that organizations need units working on both types of learning.FindingsThe results show the versatile role of transformational leaders, who are able to promote both types of HC and, in turn, both types of organizational learning. The authors have also found that marketing departments are more willing to explore than production departments.Originality/valueThis study highlights the relevance of considering the department as a unit of analysis (structural ambidexterity approach), the significant role of transformational leaders in organizational learning and the mediating role of HC.
Establishing a hospital healthcare team in a District General Hospital – transforming a model into a reality
Authors: Glennerster Rose Isabella , Sales Katie 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The authors’ interest in the discharge of patients with no fixed abode (NFA) arose through repeatedly seeing patients discharged back to the streets. In 2017, the Royal United Hospital (RUH) treated 155 separate individuals with NFA, making up 194 admissions. Given these numbers, the best practice according to Inclusion Health’s tiered approach to secondary care services suggests that the hospital should be providing a dedicated housing officer and a coordinated discharge pathway. As this is currently lacking, the purpose of this paper is to establish a Homeless Healthcare Team (HHT) and design a hospital protocol for the discharge of NFA patients with strong links into community support.

Design/methodology/approach
The literature review identified six elements that make up a successful HHT, which has provided the structure for the implementation of the authors’ model at the RUH.

Findings
Along the way, the authors have faced a number of challenges whilst attempting to transform the model into a reality, including: securing funding; allocating responsibility; balancing conflicting priorities; coordinating schedules; developing staff knowledge and challenging prejudice. The authors are now working collaboratively with invested parties from the third sector, specialist primary and secondary care health services and local government to overcome these barriers and work towards the long-term goals.

Originality/value
Scarce literature exists on the practicalities of attempting to set up an HHT in a District General Hospital. The authors hope that the documentation of the authors’ experience will encourage others to broaden their horizons and persist through the challenges that arise.
Consumer-citizen willingness to pay for healthy eating messages
Authors: Ouyang Yuxia , Sharma Amit 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the preference of health-warning message labeling in an eating-away-from-home context. The authors assessed individuals’ preference valuation of such messaging from a dual – consumer and citizen – perspective and with associated expected risk reduction (RR) level.Design/methodology/approachIn an online stated choice experiment on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (N = 658), participants were asked to provide willingness to pay (WTP) preferences for health-warning messages and based on the expected RR from health-warning messages. Two types of multiple price list questions were used for consumer and citizen contexts. Interval regression and descriptive analysis methods were applied to analyze the data.FindingsThe study found that individuals placed a higher value (higher WTP) on health-warning message labeling when acting as citizens rather than as consumers. An RR expectation of 50 per cent was most effective in increasing participants’ WTP. Individuals who ate out frequently were more concerned about healthier food messages, and the influence of gender and age on WTP was conditional on individuals’ roles as consumers versus citizens.Originality/valueThis study extends the theory of consumer-citizen duality to the context of health-related information labeling, thus opening the discussion to extending such labeling from traditionally risky behavior such as alcohol and tobacco to also including food choice behavior. The authors also highlight implications on policy and industry practices to promote healthy food choices through such messages.
Space transformation in a low-income housing community in Danukusuman, Surakarta
Authors: Sunarti S. , Syahbana Joesron Alie , Manaf Asnawi 
Published: February 2019

PurposeWithin low-income communities in urban slums, access to housing is limited because individuals in these communities cannot afford to purchase homes. One area of Indonesia with these conditions is Kampung Kajen, Danukusuman, Surakarta, where, oftentimes, a single house is inhabited by several families and is passed down from generation to generation. This causes a change in space, a narrowing of that which is inhabited by the next generation. This paper aims to examine the transformation of space within low-income homes in Kampong Kajen.Design/methodology/approachThe research method was a qualitative case study approach, and data were collected through direct interviews and field observation. Informants in this study were classified into three groups: residents, non-residents and government agencies.FindingsThe space transformation that occurred in the studied samples was partial. The transformation continued to occur as the new families grew, and the area of space used by the new families experienced a narrowing for future generations.Originality/valueThe novelty of this research is in regard to the findings about the partial transformation of the house from generation to generation, which details changes in the layout and the extent of the house interior, the narrowing of the house, the change of owners and the changing behaviour of the house inhabitants. Partial transformation continues to occur in line with the addition of new families living in one house.
A case for folletian interventions in public universities
Authors: Pelly Robert Duncan M. , Boje David 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the ideological impasses between educationally minded faculty and neoliberal oriented university administrators. To bridge and benefit from these two perspectives, Follettian integration is introduced. Specifically, the ensemble learning theory (ELT) and entrepreneurship centers are illustrated as Follettian interventions and their reasons for success are discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is theoretical, but provides ethnographic anecdotes of the problems occurring during the rise of neoliberalism and academic capitalism in the public university. The successful use of the ELT and entrepreneurship centers is likewise explored anecdotally.

Findings
This paper illustrates the benefits of utilizing the ELT and entrepreneurship centers in two different university settings.

Research limitations/implications
While the sample sizes of this paper are small, the anecdotal examples provide the basis for reasoning by analogy.

Practical implications
This work illustrates two possible Follettian interventions that serve as a guide to assist university administrators and faculty to find common ground and better serve students and university communities.

Originality/value
The rise of academic capitalism and neoliberalism has devalued education and resulted in poorer educational outcomes and a modern generation with less intellectual capital. This is one of the first papers to utilize Mary Parker Follett’s theories of education and apply them to the impending identity crisis of the public university. The result is a win-win for both neoliberal administrators and faculty in the face of an impending identity crisis for the public university.
The possibilities of community redevelopment with Islamic finance
Authors: Hummel Daniel , Hashmi Ayesha Tahir 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of a profit and loss sharing approach to tax increment financing (TIF) districts in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey based on this approach was distributed to representatives of community redevelopment authorities (CRAs) in the State of Florida to ascertain practitioner feedback.

Findings
Although a majority of the respondents did not feel it was possible for political, economic and legal reasons, some did feel that it was a practical, reasonable and sustainable approach to financing projects for economic development. Some responses were correlated, with others indicating that certain beliefs framed their answers to the questions.

Research limitations/implications
The surveys were only distributed to CRAs in the State of Florida. Future research will need to include other CRAs in other states to make the findings more generalizable. In addition, the results are merely descriptive and are not an assessment of a successful application.

Practical implications
The need for more development in blighted areas of many cities across the USA will put emphasis on innovative approaches in financing this. The growth of Islamic finance in the USA and the regulatory framework for it might open a doorway for its application in this area.

Originality/value
This is the first attempt to apply an Islamic financing methodology to local economic development in the USA, with practitioner feedback.
Are not-for-profit employees more willing (or likely) to be whistleblowers?
Authors: Scheetz Andrea M. , Wilson Aaron B. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether intention to report fraud varies by organization type or fraud type. Employees who self-select into not-for-profits may be inherently different from employees at other organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conduct a 2 × 2 experiment in which (n=107) individuals with a bookkeeping or accounting background respond to a fraud scenario. Analysis of covariance models are used for data analysis.

Findings
The authors find evidence that not-for-profit employees are more likely to report fraud and that reporting intention does not differ significantly by fraud type.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations of this study include the simulation of a fraud through a hypothetical incident and the use of online participants.

Practical implications
This study expands the commitment literature by examining the role that commitment plays in the judgment and decision-making process of a whistleblower. Findings suggest affective commitment, which is an employee’s emotional attachment to the organization, and mediate the path between organization type and reporting intention. Affective commitment significantly predicts whistleblowing in not-for-profit organizations but not in for-profit organizations.

Originality/value
This research provides insight into how organization type influences whistleblowing intentions through constructs such as organizational commitment and public service motivation.
Effect of surface roughness and hardness of leadframe on the bondability of gold wedge bonds
Authors: Zulkifli Muhammad Nubli , Harun Fuaida , Jalar Azman 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the effect of surface roughness and hardness of leadframe on the bondability of gold (Au) wedge bond using in situ inspection of laser interferometer and its relationship with the deformation and wire pull strength.

Design/methodology/approach
The in situ inspection of ultrasonic vibration waveform through the changes of vertical axis (y-axis) amplitude of wire bonder capillary was carried out using laser interferometer to analyze the formation of Au wedge bond. The relationship between the changes of ultrasonic waveform of capillary with the deformation and the pull strength was analyzed to evaluate the bondability of Au wedge bonds.

Findings
It was observed that the changes in vertical axis amplitude of ultrasonic vibration waveform of wire bonder capillary can be used to describe the process of bonding formation. The loss of ultrasonic energy was exhibited in ultrasonic vibration waveform of wire bonding on leadframe that has higher value of roughness (leadframe A) as compared to that of leadframe that has lower value of roughness (leadframe B). The lower pull strength obtained by Au wedge bond further confirms the reduction of bond formation because of the higher deformation on leadframe A as compared to that of leadframe B.

Originality/value
The relationship between in situ measurement using laser interferometer with the bondability or deformation and wire pull strength of Au wedge bonds on different surface roughness and hardness of leadframes is still lacking. These findings provide a valuable data in analyzing the bonding mechanisms that can be identified based on the in situ measurement of ultrasonic vibration and the bondability of Au wedge bonds.