bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of drug-eluting stenting compared with bypass grafting in diabetic patients with multivessel and/or left main coronary artery disease
Authors: Xin Xiaojun , Wang Xiangming , Dong Xuesi , Fan Yuanming , Shao Wei , Lu Xiang , Xiao Pingxi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DESs) and bypass grafting are generally believed to be superior revascularization strategies in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the optimal strategy for diabetic patients is still controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to compare two methods of revascularization for patients with diabetes mellitus with left main coronary artery lesions or disease in multiple coronary arteries. Compared with the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) group, those receiving PCI-DES showed a greater risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.25, P = 0.03), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) (HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.58–2.16; P < 0.001), stroke (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02–1.29, P = 0.02), myocardial infarction (MI) (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.04–2.09, P = 0.03), and repeat revascularization (HR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.37–7.59, P = 0.007). CABG for diabetic patients with multivessel and/or left main CAD was superior to PCI-DES with regard to MACEs, MACCEs, MI, repeat revascularization and stroke, but there was no clear difference in all-cause mortality.
Signal peptide recognition in Trypanosoma cruzi GP82 adhesin relies on its localization at protein N-terminus
Authors: Cordero Esteban M. , Cortez Cristian , Yoshida Nobuko , da Silveira José Franco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, has a dense coat of GPI-anchored virulence factors.T.cruziGPI-anchored adhesin GP82 is encoded by a repertoire of transcripts containing several in-frame initiation codons located up-stream from that adjacent to the predicted signal peptide (SP). Transfection ofT.cruziepimastigotes with constructs encoding GP82 starting at the SP or from the farthest up-stream methionine confirmed protein expression on the parasite cell surface, comparable to the native GP82. Proteins were fully functional, inducing parasite adhesion to HeLa cells and lysosome mobilization, events required for parasite invasion. Transgenic and native GP82 proteins showed indistinguishable electrophoretic mobility, suggesting similar processing of the SP. Deletion of SP generated a ~72 kDa protein devoid ofN-linked oligosaccharides allowing irrefutable identification of GP82 precursor. SP transposition to an internal region of GP82 rendered the signal unrecognizable by the signal peptidase and incapable to direct the nascent protein for ER-membrane association. Altogether our data strongly suggests that GP82 SP fails to function as transmembrane domain and its recognition by the signal peptidase shows strict dependence on the signal localization at protein N-terminus. This report presents the first experimental characterization of the full-length GP82 and its signal peptide.
Matrix stiffness modulates the activity of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in hepatic stellate cells to perpetuate fibrosis
Authors: Lachowski Dariusz , Cortes Ernesto , Rice Alistair , Pinato David , Rombouts Krista , del Rio Hernandez Armando 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLiver fibrosis is characterised by a dense and highly cross-linked extracellular matrix (ECM) which promotes progression of diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma. The fibrotic microenvironment is characterised by an increased stiffness, with rigidity associated with disease progression. External stiffness is known to promote hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation through mechanotransduction, leading to increased secretion of ECM components. HSCs are key effector cells which maintain the composition of the ECM in health and disease, not only by regulating secretion of ECM proteins such as collagen, but also ECM-degrading enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). Uninhibited MMPs degrade ECM proteins to reduce external rigidity. Using fibronectin-coated polyacrylamide gels to alter substrate rigidity without altering ligand density, we show that fibrotic rigidities downregulate MMP-9 expression and secretion, and also upregulate secretion of TIMP-1, though not its expression. Using tissue immunofluorescence studies, we also report that the expression of MMP-9 is significantly decreased in activated HSCs in fibrotic tissues associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. This suggests the presence of a mechanical network that allows HSCs to maintain a fibrotic ECM, with external rigidity providing feedback which affects MMP-9 and TIMP-1 secretion, which may become dysregulated in fibrosis.
The Effect of Iranian Propolis on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Profile, Insulin Resistance, Renal Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Zakerkish Mehrnoosh , Jenabi Maryam , Zaeemzadeh Narjes , Hemmati Ali Asghar , Neisi Niloofar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPropolis is a natural product with many biological properties including hypoglycemic activity and modulating lipid profile. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Iranian propolis extract on glucose metabolism, Lipid profile, Insulin resistance, renal and liver function as well as inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. The duration of the study lasted 90 days. Patients with T2DM were recruited and randomly divided into an Iranian propolis group (1000 mg/day) (n = 50) and a placebo group (n = 44). There was a significant decrease in the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 2-hour post prandial (2hpp), insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). However, there was a notable elevation in the serum HDL-C in the propolis group compared with the placebo group. In addition, a notable reduction in serum liver transaminase (ALT and AST) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations in the propolis group was observed. Iranian propolis has beneficial effects on reducing post prandial blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance, and inflammatory cytokines. It is also a useful treatment for preventing the liver and renal dysfunction, as well as, elevating HDL-C concentrations in patients with T2DM.
Modulation of acoustic waves by a broadband metagrating
Authors: Wang Yihe , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetasurface has recently attracted a lot of attentions for controlling wave fields. Based on the diffraction effects of phase gratings, we demonstrate a broadband acoustic metagrating which can concentrate the diffracted waves in the first (±1) orders and achieve multifunctional wave steering such as broadband anomalous diffraction. In the acoustic metagrating, the subwavelength rectangular waveguides (SRWs) function as the periodic elements to replace the fences in ordinary gratings. Thus, we can achieve a group of phase delay from 0 to 2π independently with frequency just by reconfiguring the relative locations of the effective apertures. With the iterative algorithm, the acoustic metagrating can be used to record the phase profile and then control the output waveform. We further demonstrate that the broadband metagrating can be used to achieve the acoustic Gaussian beam. By rotating the periodic elements into a two-dimensional structure, the Bessel beam is further obtained.
Intravital imaging allows real-time characterization of tissue resident eosinophils
Authors: Chojnacki Andrew , Wojcik Katarzyna , Petri Björn , Aulakh Gurpreet , Jacobsen Elizabeth A. , LeSuer William E. , Colarusso Pina , Patel Kamala D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEosinophils are core components of the immune system, yet tools are lacking to directly observe eosinophils in action in vivo. To better understand the role of tissue resident eosinophils, we used eosinophil-specific CRE (eoCRE) mice to create GFP and tdTomato reporters. We then employed intravital microscopy to examine the dynamic behaviour of eosinophils in the healthy GI tract, mesentery, liver, lymph node, skin and lung. Given the role of eosinophils in allergic airway diseases, we also examined eosinophils in the lung following ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. We were able to monitor and quantify eosinophilic behaviours including patrolling, crawling, clustering, tissue distribution and interactions with other leukocytes. Thus, these reporter mice allow eosinophils to be examined in real-time in living animals, paving the way to further understanding the roles eosinophils play in both health and disease.
Characterization of soluble CD39 (SolCD39/NTPDase1) from PiggyBac nonviral system as a tool to control the nucleotides level
Authors: Beckenkamp Liziane Raquel , Iser Isabele Cristiana , Onzi Giovana Ravizzoni , Fontoura Dieine Maira Soares da , Bertoni Ana Paula Santin , Sévigny Jean , Lenz Guido , Wink Márcia Rosângela 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) and its metabolites have emerged as key modulators of different diseases and comprise a complex pathway called purinergic signaling. An increased number of tools have been developed to study the role of nucleotides and nucleosides in cell proliferation and migration, influence on the immune system and tumor progression. These tools include receptor agonists/antagonists, engineered ectonucleotidases, interference RNAs and ectonucleotidase inhibitors that allow the control and quantification of nucleotide levels. NTPDase1 (also called apyrase, ecto-ATPase and CD39) is one of the main enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of eATP, and purified enzymes, such as apyrase purified from potato, or engineered as soluble CD39 (SolCD39), have been widely used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. However, the commercial apyrase had its effects recently questioned and SolCD39 exhibits limitations, such as short half-life and need of high doses to reach the expected enzymatic activity. Therefore, this study investigated a non-viral method to improve the overexpression of SolCD39 and evaluated its impact on other enzymes of the purinergic system. Our data demonstrated that PiggyBac transposon system proved to be a fast and efficient method to generate cells stably expressing SolCD39, producing high amounts of the enzyme from a limited number of cells and with high hydrolytic activity. In addition, the soluble form of NTPDase1/CD39 did not alter the expression or catalytic activity of other enzymes from the purinergic system. Altogether, these findings set the groundwork for prospective studies on the function and therapeutic role of eATP and its metabolites in physiological and pathological conditions.
Investigating targets for neuropharmacological intervention by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Rossetti Giulia , Kless Achim , Lai Luhua , Outeiro Tiago F. , Carloni Paolo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Medical research has identified over 500 brain disorders. Among these, there are still only very few neuropathologies whose causes are fully understood and, consequently, very few drugs whose mechanism of action is known. No FDA drug has been identified for major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. We still lack effective treatments and strategies for modulating progression or even early neurodegenerative disease onset diagnostic tools. A great support toward the highly needed identification of neuroactive drugs comes from computer simulation methods and, in particular, from molecular dynamics (MD). This provides insight into structure–function relationship of a target and predicts structure, dynamics and energetics of ligand/target complexes under biologically relevant conditions like temperature and physiological saline concentration. Here, we present examples of the predictive power of MD for neuroactive ligands/target complexes. This brief survey from our own research shows the usefulness of partnerships between academia and industry, and from joint efforts between experimental and theoretical groups.
An Introduction to Bayesian Multilevel Models Using brms: A Case Study of Gender Effects on Vowel Variability in Standard Indonesian
Authors: Nalborczyk Ladislas , Batailler Cédric , Lœvenbruck Hélène , Vilain Anne , Bürkner Paul-Christian 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Bayesian multilevel models are increasingly used to overcome the limitations of frequentist approaches in the analysis of complex structured data. This tutorial introduces Bayesian multilevel modeling for the specific analysis of speech data, using the brms package developed in R.

Method
In this tutorial, we provide a practical introduction to Bayesian multilevel modeling by reanalyzing a phonetic data set containing formant (F1 and F2) values for 5 vowels of standard Indonesian (ISO 639-3:ind), as spoken by 8 speakers (4 females and 4 males), with several repetitions of each vowel.

Results
We first give an introductory overview of the Bayesian framework and multilevel modeling. We then show how Bayesian multilevel models can be fitted using the probabilistic programming language Stan and the R package brms, which provides an intuitive formula syntax.

Conclusions

Through this tutorial, we demonstrate some of the advantages of the Bayesian framework for statistical modeling and provide a detailed case study, with complete source code for full reproducibility of the analyses (
https://osf.io/dpzcb
/).

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7973822
Prebiotic synthesis initiated in formaldehyde by laser plasma simulating high-velocity impacts
Authors: Ferus M. , Pietrucci F. , Saitta A. M. , Ivanek O. , Knizek A. , Kubelík P. , Krus M. , Juha L. , Dudzak R. , Dostál J. , Pastorek A. , Petera L. , Hrncirova J. , Saeidfirozeh H. , Shestivská V. , Sponer J. , Sponer J. E. , Rimmer P. , Civiš S. , Cassone G. 
Published: May 2019

Context. It is well known that hydrogen cyanide and formamide can universally be considered as key molecules in prebiotic synthesis. Despite the fact that formamide has been detected in interplanetary and interstellar environments, other prebiotic species are far more abundant, including, for example, formaldehyde. However, several results indicate that formamide can play the role of important intermediate as well as that of a feedstock molecule in chemical abiogenesis. Diverse recently proposed scenarios of the origins of the first biopolymers show that liquid formamide environments could have been crucial for the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, and for phosphorylation reactions, which lead to nucleotides.Aims.Here we report on a wide exploration of the formaldehyde reaction network under plasma conditions mimicking an asteroid descent in an Earth-like atmosphere and its impact.Methods.Dielectric breakdown using a high-power kJ-class laser system (PALS – Prague Asterix Laser System) along with quantum mechanical, ab initio molecular dynamics, and enhanced sampling simulations have been employed in order to mimic an asteroid impact plasma.Results.Being more abundant than formamide both in interstellar and interplanetary environments, during the era of early and late heavy bombardment of Earth and other planets, formaldehyde might have been delivered on asteroids to young planets. In the presence of nitrogen-bearing species, this molecule has been reprocessed under plasma conditions mimicking the local environment of an impacting body. We show that plasma reprocessing of formaldehyde leads to the formation of several radical and molecular species along with formamide.Conclusion. All the canonical nucleobases, the simplest amino acid (i.e., glycine), and the sugar ribose, have been detected after treatment of formaldehyde and nitrogen gas with dielectric breakdown. Our results, supported by quantum mechanical and enhanced sampling simulations, show that formaldehyde – by producing inter alia formamide – may have had the role of starting substance in prebiotic synthesis.
Core-Collapse Supernova neutrino detection prospects with the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes.
Authors: Colomer Molla Marta , Lincetto Massimiliano 
Published: May 2019

Core Collapse Supernovae (CCSN) are explosive phenomena that may occur at the end of the life of massive stars, releasing over 99% of the energy through neutrino emission with energies on the 10 MeV scale. While the explosion mechanism is not fully understood, neutrinos are believed to play an important role. The only detection as of today are the 24 neutrinos from supernova SN1987A. The observation of the next Galactic CCSN will lead to important breakthroughs across the fields of astrophysics, nuclear and particle physics.
For a Galactic CCSN, the KM3NeT ORCA and ARCA detectors in the Mediterranean Sea will observe a significant number of neutrinos via the detection of Cherenkov light, mostly induced by Inverse Beta Decay (IBD) interactions in sea water. The detection of coincident photons by the 31 photomultipliers of the KM3NeT digital optical modules (DOMs) allows to separate the signal from the optical background sources.
The KM3NeT detection sensitivity to a Galactic CCSN and the potential to resolve the neutrino light-curve have been estimated exploiting detailed Monte-Carlo simulations. Specific criteria are proposed for the online triggering and the participation in the SNEWS network.
Pulmonale Hypertonie: anästhesiologisches Management
Authors: Hötzel Alexander , Loop Torsten 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDas perioperative Management von Patienten mit pulmonaler Hypertonie erfordert von den behandelnden Anästhesisten fundierte Kenntnisse über die zugrunde liegenden Ursachen, die Pathophysiologie, den Einfluss anästhesiologischer und chirurgischer Maßnahmen wie z. B. die mechanische Beatmung sowie intraoperative Behandlungsoptionen. In der präoperativen Vorbereitung gilt es, alle vorliegenden Befunde zu evaluieren, die Belastbarkeit des Patienten zu erheben und die bestehende Dauermedikation zu kennen. Die Basis für einen sicheren intraoperativen Verlauf stellt die Vermeidung einer pulmonalarteriellen Druckerhöhung und Rechtsherzdysfunktion dar. Hierbei gilt es Hypoxie, Hyperkapnie, Azidose, Hypothermie, Stress und eine koronare Hypoperfusion zu verhindern. Bei einem Anstieg des pulmonalarteriellen Drucks können sowohl inhalative, selektive pulmonale Vasodilatatoren, wie Stickstoffmonoxid oder Prostazykline, als auch intravenös Phosphodiesterase-3-Inhibitoren und Phosphodiesterase-5-Inhibitoren eingesetzt werden. Bei einer rechtsventrikulären Dysfunktion oder Dekompensation sollte mittels inotroper Substanzen und Inodilatoren die Herzfunktion unterstützt werden. Abhängig vom Ausmaß der Operation und dem Schweregrad der pulmonalen Hypertonie erfordert die postoperative Betreuung vor allem Expertise und Strukturen, die ein kontinuierliches Monitoring zulassen.
Real-life data on improvement of survival after perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone on resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach – a single-center study
Authors: Kuhnle Philipp , Israel Karl-Friedrich , Menges Markus 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background In the last decade, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard of care also for curatively resectable advanced gastric cancer. Prospective randomized studies have shown a significant benefit in disease free and overall survival rate after perioperative chemotherapy as compared to immediate surgery. However, data in the “real-life” setting are rare. In our retrospective study, we wanted to clarify the question whether this benefit is achievable under real-life conditions.
Methods A total of 81 patients with resected adenocarcinoma of the stomach or distal esophagogastric junction (AEG III) clinical stage II–IIIc according to UICC (eighth edition) were enrolled. Forty-two patients received perioperative chemotherapy (cohort 1) and 39 patients were operated on immediately (cohort 2). Chemotherapy was carried out according to the ECF, EOX, or FLOT protocols.
Results Overall 5-year survival was 35.7 % in cohort 1 and 23.7 % in cohort 2. Thus, the relative 5-year overall survival benefit was 51 %, and 12 % in absolute numbers (p = 0.083). For patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy per protocol (n = 20), a more marked absolute improvement in 5-year overall survival of 16.3 % as compared to immediately operated on patients was achieved (p = 0.05). Progression-free survival in this analysis was shown to be improved by perioperative chemotherapy also without statistical significance (p = 0.03).
Conclusions Patients with curatively resectable gastric adenocarcinoma or type III AEG tumor benefit from perioperative chemotherapy in terms of overall survival even under real-life conditions. Moreover, a benefit in progression-free survival can be demonstrated.
Transkranielle Sonografie des Hirnparenchyms: etablierte Anwendungen bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Walter Uwe , Behnke Stephanie 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie transkranielle B-Bild-Sonografie (TCS) ist eine Bildgebungsmodalität, die das Hirnparenchym und das intrakranielle Ventrikelsystem bei intakter Schädelkalotte darstellt. Im Vergleich zur Magnetresonanztomografie kann die TCS tiefe echogene Hirnstrukturen mit höherer Bildauflösung darstellen und hat zudem die Vorteile hoher Mobilität, gesundheitlicher Unbedenklichkeit und geringer Störbarkeit durch Patientenbewegungen. Das eigenständige Bildgebungsprinzip der TCS erlaubt die Visualisierung charakteristischer Veränderungen bei diversen neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen, die mit anderen Verfahren nur schwierig darstellbar sind, wie die Hyperechogenität der Substantia nigra bei idiopathischem Parkinson-Syndrom und die Hyperechogenität des Nucleus lentiformis bei atypischen Parkinson-Syndromen. Etablierten Anwendungen der TCS sind das bettseitige Monitoring raumfordernder Läsionen (intrakranielle Blutungen, maligne Hirninfarkte) bei akuten Schlaganfallpatienten, die Früh- und Differenzialdiagnose des Parkinson-Syndroms, und die postoperative Positionskontrolle von Tiefenhirnstimulations-Elektroden. Neue Technologien wie die Echtzeit-MRT-TCS-Fusionsbildgebung und die digitalisierte Bildanalyse versprechen eine breitere Anwendung der TCS in den kommenden Jahren.
Pathogenese von Campylobacter
Authors: Witzig Friedrich 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungAus insgesamt 35 Werken (eine Quelle wurde noch nicht ausgewertet) wurden Symptome und Folgen von Campylobacter-Infektionen extrahiert und nach dem Kopf-zu-Fuß-Schema zusammengestellt. Damit soll die Voraussetzung geschaffen werden, sowohl die akuten als auch die chronischen Erscheinungen dieser Krankheit, also deren spezifische Eigenheiten, erkennen zu können sowie den Grundstein zu legen, Campylobacter im Falle einer Campylobacter-Pathologie als Nosode anzuwenden.
Campylobacter-Enteritis
Authors: Bleul Gerhard 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungRetrospektiv wurden 6 Fälle von Campylobacter-Enteritis auf eine effektive homöopathische Therapie untersucht. Schnelle Besserung trat unter Arsenicum album, Bryonia alba aut dioica, Cuprum arsenicosum und Guajacum officinale ein. Podophyllum peltatum war weniger effektiv.