bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goal‐Directed Correlates and Neurobiological Underpinnings of Adolescent Identity: A Multimethod Multisample Longitudinal Approach
Authors: Becht Andrik I. , Bos Marieke G.N. , Nelemans Stefanie A. , Peters Sabine , Vollebergh Wilma A.M. , Branje Susan J.T. , Meeus Wim H.J. , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: March 2018

This multimethod multisample longitudinal study examined how neurological substrates associated with goal directedness and information seeking are related to adolescents’ identity. Self‐reported data on goal‐directedness were collected across three biannual waves in Study 1. Identity was measured one wave later. Study 1 design and measurements were repeated in Study 2 and extended with structural brain data (nucleus accumbens [NAcc] and prefrontal cortex gray matter volume [PFC]), collected across three biannual waves. Study 1 included 497 adolescents (Mage T1 = 13.03 years) and Study 2 included 131 adolescents (Mage T1 = 14.69 years). Using latent growth curve models, goal directedness, NAcc, and PFC volume predicted a stronger identity one wave later. These findings provide crucial new insights in the underlying neurobiological architecture of identity.
Gastrointestinal influences in multiple sclerosis: Focus on the role of the microbiome
Authors: Francis Anna , Constantinescu Cris S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite extensive research, the etiology of multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Gene–environment interactions are believed to determine the risk of disease, but the necessary exposures have not been identified. Here, we review the evidence for the role of disturbances in the normal intestinal flora (the gut microbiome) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. We present data from human and animal studies proposing that the intestinal immune system integrates bacterial signaling with systemic inflammatory and regulatory responses. Dysbiosis, which is observed more frequently in multiple sclerosis than in health, can skew the intestinal T‐cell repertoire towards an effector T‐cell response, which is subsequently amplified in different tissues. In patients with a genetically determined predisposition, this could lead to inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system. Furthermore, bacterial products can directly affect the blood–brain barrier, neurons and microglia, and bacterial antigens that mimic neuro‐antigens can lead to activation and proliferation of autoreactive T cells.
Novel mechanisms of chronic inflammation in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Oki Shinji 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGenome wide‐association studies have clearly shown the key roles of helper T (Th) cells and cellular immune responses for development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Novel medication for a “relapsing–remitting” form of MS (RR‐MS) including natalizumab and fingolimod that targets immune cells, such as Th cells, is now available in clinics. However, a significant proportion of RR‐MS patients subsequently develop a chronic progressive disease without obvious signs of relapses known as secondary progressive MS (SP‐MS). Therapeutic agents for SP‐MS are limited and pathogenesis of SP‐MS remains elusive, partly because of the lack of experimental animal models that enable comprehensive and deep analysis of the disease.We have previously reported that an orphan nuclear receptor, NR4A2, plays critical roles in Th17 cells, a key Th cell subset associated with the pathogenesis of RR‐MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although EAE induced in mice lacking the NR4A2 gene in Th cells showed significantly milder signs of acute EAE, they unexpectedly developed a late/chronic EAE, in which atypical Th cells expressing Eomesodermin (Eomes) with cytotoxic properties were involved. Functional analysis revealed that Eomes+ Th cells are critically associated with the development of late/chronic EAE. Interestingly, similar Eomes+ Th cells were remarkably increased in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from SP‐MS patients, but not from RR‐MS patients, implying that Eomes+ Th cells are selectively involved in the pathogenesis of SP‐MS. Therefore, elimination or functional inhibition of Eomes+ Th cells could be considered as novel therapeutic strategies for SP‐MS.
Drug‐induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review
Authors: Yukitake Motohiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and severe demyelinating disease of the white matter in the central nervous system (CNS), and is caused by the John Cunningham virus. Most PML cases occur in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with impaired cell‐mediated immunity. There is no specific therapy for PML; the main therapeutic approach is restoring host adaptive immune responses. In 2005, PML was described in two multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with natalizumab. MS is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS that has been suggested to be associated with attacks by autoreactive lymphocytes. Disease‐modifying therapies have recently been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of clinical relapse, and slow the development of disability. Although freedom from disease activity has become the primary aim of the treatment of MS, these therapies increase the risk of PML. Natalizumab is a monoclonal immunoglobulin antibody directed toward α4 integrin adhesion molecules. To date, 731 natalizumab‐associated PML cases (728 MS and three Crohn's disease) have been reported, including one case of PML in a Japanese patient with MS. Fingolimod is a sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulator that prevents the egress of lymphocytes from lymphatic tissue. There have been 15 confirmed fingolimod‐associated PML cases, including four cases in Japanese MS patients. Dimethyl fumarate is the methyl ester of fumaric acid. The anti‐inflammatory mechanism of dimethyl fumarate has not yet been elucidated in detail. A total of 21 cases of PML have been reported in patients receiving dimethyl fumarate, among which five were MS patients. Dimethyl fumarate‐associated PML has not been documented in Japan. In the era of disease‐modifying therapies for the treatment of MS, neurologists need to consider drug‐induced PML in MS.
Becoming Teacher/Tree and Bringing the Natural World to Students: An Educational Examination of the Influence of the Other‐than‐Human World and the Great Actor on Martin Buber's Concept of the I/Thou
Authors: Blenkinsop Sean , Scott Charles 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis essay is written in two sections. The first, following a short introduction, is made up of three scenarios drawn from the life and work of Martin Buber. As well as demonstrating his obvious interest in human relationships with the other‐than‐human, each scenario describes an encounter between either Buber himself or a stand‐in character and a member of the other‐than‐human world. Together, these scenes not only suggest that I/Thou encounters are possible with the other‐than‐human, and that they are important for the development of the human I, but also outline characteristics that make such encounters possible. The second section focuses on Buber's description of the “great actor” in order to offer a way teachers might engage their own students with the other‐than‐human world. Just as the actor embodies both the character and his or her own person in a dramatic role, so the teacher might embody the I/Thou relationship with the natural world, becoming Teacher/Tree, and exemplifying that relationship with the students.
Narrating a Critical Indigenous Pedagogy of Place: A Literary Métissage
Authors: Lowan‐Trudeau Gregory 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis essay responds to a persistent paucity of narrative and Indigenous perspectives in scholarship related to a critical pedagogy of place. In it Gregory Lowan‐Trudeau explores interrelated concepts such as diasporic indigeneity, identity, and critical, place‐based education and research through a literary métissage that weaves together Western and Indigenous narratives to reflect upon recent experiences of (re‐)visiting sites of great personal and familial significance.
In Search of the Environmentalist Way: Beyond Mending the Machine
Authors: Stables Andrew 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this essay, Andrew Stables notes that philosophies such as existentialism, humanism, and environmentalism come in either exploratory or active forms: that is, one can study the nature of existence or the human, or one can ascribe to a way of life in an attempt to improve the world. Among the major influences on active environmentalist thought are (forms of) humanism, socialism, posthumanism, and post‐ (or pre‐)colonialism. In many cases, however, such ways of thinking can be as damaging or unsuccessful as they may be ameliorative and successful. The search for an environmentalist Way, Stables maintains, must transcend entrenched binaries, oppositions, and ideologies without lapsing into thoroughgoing antirealism or willfully ignoring current realities. Here, he explores the valuable contributions that Daoist and Buddhist texts and practices have to offer in this search.
3D skin models for 3R research: The potential of 3D reconstructed skin models to study skin barrier function
Authors: Niehues Hanna , Bouwstra Joke A. , El Ghalbzouri Abdoelwaheb , Brandner Johanna M. , Zeeuwen Patrick L. J. M. , van den Bogaard Ellen H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe skin barrier is an important shield regulating the outside‐in as well as inside‐out penetration of water, nutrients, ions and environmental stimuli. We can distinguish four different barrier compartments: the physical, chemical, immunological and microbial skin barrier. Well‐functioning of those is needed to protect our body from the environment. To better understand the function and the contribution of barrier dysfunction in skin diseases, 3D skin or epidermal models are a valuable tool for in vitro studies. In this review, we summarize the development and application of different skin models in skin barrier research. During the last years, enormous effort was made on optimizing these models to better mimic the in vivo composition of the skin, by fine‐tuning cell culture media, culture conditions and including additional cells and tissue components. Thereby, in vitro barrier formation and function has been improved significantly. Moreover, in this review we point towards changes and chances for in vitro 3D skin models to be used for skin barrier research in the nearby future.
Diagnosing diabetes mellitus in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Christiansen Anne L. , Bygum Anette , Hother‐Nielsen Ole , Rasmussen Lars M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increased in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. Different tests are available for diagnosing and screening for type II diabetes mellitus, however choosing the most suitable test is challenging. The pitfalls in the different tests along with the interfering comorbidities and treatments concerning patients with porphyria cutanea tarda complicate diagnosing these patients with diabetes mellitus. HbA1c, fasting glucose, or oral glucose tolerance are the current available tests, with HbA1c as first choice. Measuring HbA1c requires no fasting, however HbA1c can be false low if the patient is treated with phlebotomy or has liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. Instead fasting glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests can be used if the patient is not acutely ill. If either of the tests give a result in the diagnostic range, the test should be repeated if the patient has no clinical symptoms of diabetes. Diagnosing diabetes mellitus is important for the purpose of early intervention, and this review provides the knowledge needed to diagnose this special patient group properly.
Melanocyte abnormalities and senescence in the pathogenesis of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
Authors: Rani Seema , Kumar Ravinder , Kumarasinghe Prasad , Bhardwaj Supriya , Srivastava Niharika , Madaan Aaisha , Parsad Davinder 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) is a pigmentary disorder of unknown pathogenesis characterized by small discrete white macules. In the skin, epidermal melanin unit between melanocytes and keratinocytes is responsible for melanin synthesis and equal distribution of melanin pigment.ObjectiveTherefore, this study was designed to check the role of melanocytes in the pathogenesis of IGH.MethodsFor this study, six IGH patients and six controls were enrolled. Melanin content was checked in the skin sections and in the cultured melanocytes. Senescence was checked in the lesional skin of IGH patients by comparing the mRNA and protein expression of senescence markers p16, hp1, and p21.ResultsCultured melanocytes from the IGH patients showed morphological changes in comparison to the control melanocytes. Melanocytes from IGH patients were bigger in size with very small and retracted dendrites as compared to the control melanocytes. Melanin accumulation was more in the IGH patients as compared to the controls. Our results showed that expression of p16, p21, and hp1 was significantly higher in lesional skin of IGH patient as compared to healthy controls.ConclusionThis study revealed large‐sized melanocytes with small and retracted dendrites in IGH patients. Accumulation of more melanin in the IGH melanocytes might be due to problem in the transfer of melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes. Accumulation of melanin can lead to the senescence in the melanocytes of IGH patients.
Zinc seed priming improves salt resistance in maize
Authors: Imran M. , Boelt B. , Mühling K.‐H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSalt stress is a major yield‐limiting factor in crops by reducing nutrient uptake and plant growth. Under salt stress, decreased water and nutrient uptake results in nutrient imbalance in plants. In addition, at high pH in saline conditions, solubility of minerals is also reduced leading to low availability of certain nutrients. Perspectives to overcome these limitations by Zn seed priming were studied with maize plants exposed to NaCl as salt stress. Maize seeds were primed for 24 hr in deionized water and 4 mm ZnSO4·7H2O solution (ZnP) and subsequently air‐dried at room temperature before further use. The DTZ (diphenylthiocarbazone) staining method was used for showing Zn2+ localization in the seeds. Zn2+ and other nutrient concentrations in unprimed, water and ZnP seeds and maize plants were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS). Maize plants (cv. Sun star L.) were grown for 3 weeks in complete nutrient solution with or without salt stress (100 mm NaCl) under glasshouse conditions. Seed Zn2+ contents were increased after ZnP treatment by 600%. In maize seeds, most of the primed Zn2+ accumulated in the outer tissues (particularly, aleurone layer) of maize seed. Zn priming decreased the injurious effects of salt stress on plant growth. Under salt stress conditions, biomass production of plants from ZnP treatments was 25% higher compared to water priming treatment. Zn seed priming also improved mineral nutrient status of plants grown in both control and salt stress conditions. Plants from ZnP treatments also showed higher accumulation of Na+ in the shoots. This offers perspectives for using Zn seed priming for improving early seedling development and plant nutrient status of maize under salt stress conditions.
Phenological shifts in North American red squirrels: disentangling the roles of phenotypic plasticity and microevolution
Authors: Lane Jeffrey E. , McAdam Andrew G. , McFarlane S. Eryn , Williams Cory T. , Humphries Murray M. , Coltman David W. , Gorrell Jamieson C. , Boutin Stan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPhenological shifts are the most widely reported ecological responses to climate change, but the requirements to distinguish their causes (i.e. phenotypic plasticity vs. microevolution) are rarely met. To do so, we analysed almost two decades of parturition data from a wild population of North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Although an observed advance in parturition date during the first decade provided putative support for climate change‐driven microevolution, a closer look revealed a more complex pattern. Parturition date was heritable [h2 = 0.14 (0.07–0.21 (HPD interval)] and under phenotypic selection [β = −0.14 ± 0.06 (SE)] across the full study duration. However, the early advance reversed in the second decade. Further, selection did not act on the genetic contribution to variation in parturition date, and observed changes in predicted breeding values did not exceed those expected due to genetic drift. Instead, individuals responded plastically to environmental variation, and high food [white spruce (Picea glauca) seed] production in the first decade appears to have produced a plastic advance. In addition, there was little evidence of climate change affecting the advance, as there was neither a significant influence of spring temperature on parturition date or evidence of a change in spring temperatures across the study duration. Heritable traits not responding to selection in accordance with quantitative genetic predictions have long presented a puzzle to evolutionary ecologists. Our results on red squirrels provide empirical support for one potential solution: phenotypic selection arising from an environmental, as opposed to genetic, covariance between the phenotypic trait and annual fitness.
Developing the experts we need: Fostering adaptive expertise through education
Authors: Mylopoulos Maria , Kulasegaram Kulamakan , Woods Nicole N. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this era of increasing complexity, there is a growing gap between what we need our medical experts to do and the training we provide them. While medical education has a long history of being guided by theories of expertise to inform curriculum design and implementation, the theories that currently underpin our educational programs do not account for the expertise necessary for excellence in the changing health care context. The more comprehensive view of expertise gained by research on both clinical reasoning and adaptive expertise provides a useful framing for re‐shaping physician education, placing emphasis on the training of clinicians who will be adaptive experts. That is, have both the ability to apply their extensive knowledge base as well as create new knowledge as dictated by patient needs and context. Three key educational approaches have been shown to foster the development of adaptive expertise: learning that emphasizes understanding, providing students with opportunities to embrace struggle and discovery in their learning, and maximizing variation in the teaching of clinical concepts. There is solid evidence that a commitment to these educational approaches can help medical educators to set trainees on the path towards adaptive expertise.
Live‐cell imaging of new polyene sterols for improved analysis of intracellular cholesterol transport
Authors: MODZEL M. , SOLANKO K.A. , SZOMEK M. , HANSEN S.K. , DUPONT A. , NÅBO L.J. , KONGSTED J. , WÜSTNER D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAnalysis of intracellular cholesterol transport by fluorescence microscopy requires suitable fluorescent analogues of cholesterol. Most existing cholesterol analogues contain lipophilic dyes which can compromise the sterol properties in membranes. An alternative strategy is to introduce additional double bonds into the sterol ring system resulting in intrinsic fluorescence, while at the same time keeping the cholesterol‐like properties of the analogues. Existing polyene sterols, such as dehydroergosterol (DHE) or cholestatrienol (CTL), however, contain only three double bonds and suffer from low brightness, significant photobleaching and excitation/emission in the ultraviolet region. Thus, special equipment is required to image such sterols. Here, we describe synthesis, characterization and intracellular imaging of new polyene sterols containing four conjugated double bonds in the sterol ring system. We show that such analogues have red‐shifted excitation and emission by ∼20 nm compared to DHE or CTL. The red shift was even more pronounced when preventing keto‐enol tautomer equilibration by protecting the 3’‐hydroxy group with acetate. We show that the latter analogue can be imaged on a conventional wide field microscope with a DAPI/filipin filter cube. The new polyene sterols show reduced photobleaching compared to DHE or CTL allowing for improved deconvolution microscopy of sterol containing cellular membranes.
Multimodal imaging for diagnosis and management of parasitic peritoneal myoma with myxoid degeneration after laparoscopic‐assisted myomectomy with electric power morcellation
Authors: Takeda Akihiro , Koike Wataru , Watanabe Kazuko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA 45‐year‐old multipara woman was referred due to the rapid enlargement of an asymptomatic pelvic mass that was detected during a regular check up. She had undergone laparoscopic‐assisted myomectomy 15 years previously. At the time, the uncontained extraction of an intraligamental myoma with electric power morcellation had been performed. Multimodal imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass in the vesicouterine pouch that was found to be supplied by the left gastro‐omental and superior vesical arteries. Although malignancy could not be completely denied, parasitic peritoneal myoma with myxoid degeneration was the most probable diagnosis. Single‐port laparoscopic excision of the peritoneal mass was performed along with laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. The excised peritoneal mass was placed into a retrieval bag and extracted through the vagina. The pathological diagnosis was a parasitic peritoneal myoma with myxoid degeneration. The postoperative course was uneventful, and there was no recurrence of parasitic myoma in the 1‐year follow up after surgery.
Global human papilloma virus vaccine implementation: An update
Authors: Sabeena Sasidharanpillai , Bhat Parvati V. , Kamath Veena , Arunkumar Govindakarnavar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections continue to be one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The oncogenic potential of this virus was well established in anogenital malignancies and oropharyngeal cancers. Even though a fall in cervical cancer rates has been reported worldwide, the subsequent rise in HPV‐associated head and neck cancers among men and women have been reported from developed countries, necessitating the vaccination of adolescent boys as well. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an update on the current status of HPV vaccination worldwide. This will be helpful for clinicians in counseling parents and guardians as this vaccine mainly targets sexually naïve preadolescents. An electronic search of the databases was carried out to retrieve information concerning HPV vaccine implementation between July 2006 and 2017, with special emphasis on the current viewpoints, controversies and ethical issues. Globally, 74 countries have implemented the HPV vaccine in the national immunization schedule, and this vaccine is listed as an essential medicine by WHO. About 60% of the low‐ and lower–middle‐income countries have implemented the vaccine with financial assistance from Gavi and WHO. The HPV vaccine is a safe vaccine with no serious adverse effects as per the data available from developed nations as well as low/lower middle/upper middle‐income countries. However, long‐term follow‐up is essential to substantiate the impact of the vaccination programs in cancer prevention.