bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bond behavior of micro steel fibers embedded in ultra‐high performance concrete subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading
Authors: Lanwer Jan‐Paul , Oettel Vincent , Empelmann Martin , Höper Svenja , Kowalsky Ursula , Dinkler Dieter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUltra‐high performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is usually applied for thin‐walled and lean constructions because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, these lightweight constructions such as bridge girders, masts, towers, and railway tracks, for example, are susceptible to oscillations due to cyclic loading. A model describing the fatigue behavior of UHPFRC is required. Therefore, the material behavior of all mixture components and the composite itself, each subjected to cyclic tensile loading, is studied experimentally and numerically on the mesoscale at iBMB, Division of Concrete Construction and Institute of Structural Analysis both at TU Braunschweig. In this paper, first findings concerning bond processes of single and multiple micro steel fibers embedded in ultra‐high performance concrete as well as a new geometrically and physically nonlinear bond model are presented.
Applying standard independent verification and validation techniques within an agile framework: Identifying and reconciling incompatibilities
Authors: Dabney James B. , Arthur James D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAgile methods have gained wide acceptance over the past several years. They are now a standard management and execution approach for small‐scale system development projects. While Agile methods are not generally applicable to large multiyear and mission‐critical systems, hybrid Agile approaches are being developed to exploit the productivity improvements of Agile while retaining the necessary process rigor and coordination needs of these types of projects. From the perspective of Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V), however, adoption of these hybrid‐Agile frameworks is becoming problematic. Hence, we find it prudent to question the compatibility of conventional IV&V techniques with hybrid‐Agile practices.This paper documents investigation of relevant literature, the modification and adoption of Agile frameworks to accommodate the development of large scale, mission‐critical systems, and the compatibility of standard IV&V techniques within hybrid‐Agile development frameworks. Specific to the latter, we find that the IV&V techniques employed within a hybrid‐Agile process can be divided into three groups: early lifecycle techniques that are fully compatible with the hybrid frameworks, techniques that focus on tracing requirements, test objectives, etc, which are somewhat problematic, but can be tailored with modest effort, and techniques involving an assessment requiring artifact completeness, and consequently, are not compatible with hybrid‐Agile processes. We identify seven prominent techniques in this third category and propose alternative approaches that achieve similar goals and which can be applied within an Agile development process.
Communication on “architecting portfolios of systems”
Authors: Maier Mark W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring the review process for the paper “Architecting Portfolios of Systems” in this issue one of the reviewers suggested that part of the reviewer‐author dialog be published because it clarified some issues beyond the paper itself and illustrated some different perspectives. This paper elaborates three major topics: The categorization of different types of collections of systems, the concept of requisite modeling in how we choose to model systems under development across a spectrum of rigor, and how to judge the success of research in systems engineering processes and methods.
Recursion relations in Witten diagrams and conformal partial waves
Authors: Zhou Xinan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We revisit the problem of performing conformal block decomposition of exchange Witten diagrams in the crossed channel. Using properties of conformal blocks and Witten diagrams, we discover infinitely many linear relations among the crossed channel decomposition coefficients. These relations allow us to formulate a recursive algorithm that solves the decomposition coefficients in terms of certain seed coefficients. In one dimensional CFTs, the seed coefficient is the decomposition coefficient of the double-trace operator with the lowest conformal dimension. In higher dimensions, the seed coefficients are the coefficients of the double-trace operators with the minimal conformal twist. We also discuss the conformal block decomposition of a generic contact Witten diagram with any number of derivatives. As a byproduct of our analysis, we obtain a similar recursive algorithm for decomposing conformal partial waves in the crossed channel.
The Emergence and Development of Ethnic Strongholds and Frontiers of Collective Violence in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Madueke Kingsley L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:Contestations over indigene rights and political representation resulted in Christian-Muslim riots in the Nigerian city of Jos where, between 2001 and 2010, over 5,000 people were killed. This study complements existing literature on the spatial dimension of violence by focusing on how Jos’s neighborhoods were transformed from everyday residential areas to spaces of ethnic differentiation and violence. It employs an ethnographic study to map the emergence and development of ethnic strongholds and frontiers, two kinds of socio-spatial settings conceptualized to help explain the spread and patterns of violence across Jos’s neighborhoods.
Lawyer disciplinary processes: an empirical study of solicitors’ misconduct cases in England and Wales in 2015
Authors: Boon Andrew , Whyte Avis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Legal Services Act 2007 effected major changes in the disciplinary system for solicitors in England and Wales. Both the practice regulator, the Solicitors Regulation Authority, and a disciplinary body, the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal, were reconstituted as independent bodies and given new powers. Our concern is the impact of the Act on the disciplinary system for solicitors. Examination of this issue involves consideration of changes to regulatory institutions and the mechanics of practice regulation. Drawing on Foucault's notion of governmentality, empirical evidence drawn from disciplinary cases handled by the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal and the Solicitors Regulation Authority in 2015 is used to explore potentially different conceptions of discipline informing the work of the regulatory institutions. The conclusion considers the implications of our findings for the future of the professional disciplinary system.
Effects of a Cretaceous structural inversion and a postulated high heat flow event on petroleum system of the western Lower Saxony Basin and the charge history of the Apeldorn gas field
Authors: Kus J. , Cramer B. , Kockel F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThermal history and evolution of the Palaeozoic petroleum system of the western Lower Saxony Basin as well as charge history of the Apeldorn gas field was reconstructed using 2-D forward basin modelling software. The Apeldorn gas field is located on an inverted western rim of the Lower Saxony Basin (LSB) and belongs with its relatively anomalous nitrogen content of 73.9 vol. % to one of the most unique gas accumulations in North Germany. Based on thermal calibration studies utilising both, vitrinite reflectance and corrected bottom hole temperatures as calibration parameters, a shallow burial model and an anomalous event of Coniacian high heat flow of 80 to 120 mW/m2was derived. As result, Lower Triassic and younger successions became subjected to slight changes in thermal maturity as opposed to Carboniferous and Permian successions, which show no assessable impact of the high heat flow event on the coalification pattern. The deep burial model in contrary to the shallow burial model is not supported by the structural reconstruction and backstripping in this more marginal setting. According to the modelling results, the key charge of the present Apeldorn gas field began in Tithonian (late Upper Jurassic) during the major phase of rifting in the Lower Saxony Basin. The present Westphalian coal-derived gas accumulations of the Lower Triassic Buntsandstein reservoir were sourced directly from modelled methane pools at top Rotliegend level. The hydrocarbon potential of the Westphalian source rocks became exhausted in Oxfordian (early Upper Jurassic). Reduction of the hydrostatic pressure during the Coniacian high heat flow event together with uplift during the Coniacian-Santonian inversion led to an extensive free gas exsolution. The resulting gas mixture between the exsolved free gas and the Westphalian coal-derived gas reached and saturated Buntsandstein reservoir. The structural trap became destroyed in course of the inversion leading to a sharp decrease of methane and nitrogen saturation.
Sedimentary architecture and optical dating of Middle and Late Pleistocene Rhine-Meuse deposits - fluvial response to climate change, sea-level fluctuation and glaciation
Authors: Busschers F.S. , Weerts H.J.T. , Wallinga J. , Cleveringa-a2 P. , Kasse C. , de Wolf H. , Cohen K.M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEight continuous corings in the west-central Netherlands show a 15 to 25 m thick stacked sequence of sandy to gravelly channel-belt deposits of the Rhine-Meuse system. This succession of fluvial sediments was deposited under net subsiding conditions in the southern part of the North Sea Basin and documents the response of the Rhine-Meuse river system to climate and sea-level change and to the glaciation history. On the basis of grain size characteristics, sedimentological structures, nature and extent of bounding surfaces and palaeo-ecological data, the sequence was subdivided into five fluvial units, an estuarine and an aeolian unit. Optical dating of 34 quartz samples showed that the units have intra Saalian to Weichselian ages (Marine Isotope Stages 8 to 2). Coarse-grained fluvial sediments primarily deposited under cold climatic conditions, with low vegetation cover and continuous permafrost. Finer-grained sediments generally deposited during more temperate climatic conditions with continuous vegetation cover and/or periods of sea-level highstand. Most of the sedimentary units are bounded by unconformities that represent erosion during periods of climate instability, sea-level fall and/or glacio-isostatic uplift.
Morphological awareness and word-level reading in early and middle elementary school years
Authors: Robertson Erin K. , Deacon S. Hélène 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe examined whether morphological awareness made a significant contribution to word-level reading across Grades 1 to 4. We test these relations specifically in a task measuring awareness of past-tense forms. A total of 375 children from Grades 1 to 4 completed tasks assessing past-tense morphological awareness along with real word and pseudoword reading. Children also completed control measures assessing phonological awareness, phonological short-term memory, sentence-level language skills, and nonverbal cognitive ability. After these controls, past-tense morphological awareness was a significant predictor of real word reading in Grades 1 and 2, but not in Grades 3 and 4. Further, following on all controls, past-tense morphological awareness was a consistent predictor of pseudoword reading across Grades 1 to 4. Morphological awareness, at least as measured with past-tense verbs, appears to have a role in word reading across the early to middle elementary school grades; for young readers, there are relations to reading of both known and novel words, and for older readers, relations are significant specifically in reading novel words. These findings are discussed within the context of theories of word reading development.
Contradictory and consistent views on designing an inclusive community-based centre for older people: a mixed-methods study of different age groups in China
Authors: Ma Yuanhong , Siu Kin Wai Michael , Zou Guangtian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Chinese government encourages the promotion of community-based older people centres as a way to use space rationally, improve social inclusion and support older residents’ everyday lives. This exploratory study is the first to examine in depth the contradictory and consistent attitudes and suggestions of residents of different age groups for the design of an inclusive community-based centre for older and younger people in China. An integrative mixed-methods approach was used. In the quantitative phase, 270 older adults (⩾60 years) and 250 younger adults (<60 years) from Harbin were asked to complete questionnaires (older adults’ response rate = 87.0%; younger adults’ response rate = 87.2%). In the qualitative phase, seven focus group discussions (four groups of older adults, three groups of younger adults) were conducted. The findings indicate that older adults have a higher acceptance level of inclusive design and prefer to share spaces to improve intergenerational interactions than younger adults. Residents of all ages are more likely to share functional spaces related to health services, living services and physical exercise. Moreover, the study reveals some design suggestions: the location of the centre should be away from the residential area and integrated into a public community building; comprehensive services should be provided to older people and be accessible to the whole family; design should be barrier-free, and the climate and nearby spaces should be considered.
ANAPHORA RESOLUTION IN L2 ENGLISH
Authors: Contemori Carla , Asiri Ohood , Perea Irigoyen Elva Deida 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe test the interpretation of pronominal forms in L2 speakers of English whose L1 is Spanish. Previous research on learners of nonnull subject languages has shown conflicting results. The aim of the present study is to reconcile previous evidence and shed light on the factors that determine learners’ difficulty to interpret pronominal forms in the L2. In six comprehension experiments, we found that intermediate L2 speakers did not show increased difficulty compared to native speakers in integrating multiple sources of information (syntactic, discourse, pragmatic) to resolve ambiguous pronouns in intrasentential anaphora and cataphora conditions. However, we also found that when two referents with equal prominence are introduced using a conjoined noun phrase in the preceding context, the learner’s performance is significantly different than the performance of the native speakers, both in intrasentential and intersentential anaphora. We suggest that L2 speakers may encounter difficulties evaluating the salience of the antecedents during pronoun resolution.
Hidden Markov model-based digital twin construction for futuristic manufacturing systems
Authors: Ghosh Angkush Kumar , Ullah AMM Sharif , Kubo Akihiko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the construction of digital twins (exact mirror images of real-world in cyberspace) using hidden Markov models for the futuristic manufacturing systems known as Industry 4.0. The proposed digital twin consists of two components namely model component and simulation component. The model component forms a Markov chain that encapsulates the dynamics underlying the phenomenon by using some discrete states and their transition probabilities. The simulation component recreates the phenomenon using a Monte Carlo simulation process. The efficacy of the proposed digital twin construction methodology is shown by a case study, where the digital twin of the surface roughness of a surface created by successive grinding operations is described. The developers of the cyber-physical systems will be benefitted from the outcomes of this study because these systems need the computable virtual abstractions of the manufacturing phenomena to address the issues related to the maturity index of futuristic manufacturing systems (i.e., understand, predict, decide, and adopt).
Theatrical virtual acoustic rendering with head movement interaction
Authors: Segura-Garcia Jaume , Montagud-Climent Mario , Mirasol-Menacho Sebastià , Oleza-Simó Joan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNowadays, the use of virtual reality/virtual acoustics (VR/VA) in archaeology for rendering lost buildings is an important topic in the cultural heritage field. Moreover, the addition of additional senses apart from the sight increases the feeling of immersion in virtual environments. The aim of this paper is to show the interaction work developed in a VA system, based on Unity and FMOD, the graphical and acoustical reconstruction of an ancient building and the development of a VR goggles with headphones to render 3D audio and video interactively. This system has been implemented to render auralizations in a binaural system and has been applied to the renderization of an old and lost theatre in València (Spain). The first building of theatre was built in the 16th century, and was rebuilt several times until the 18th century. The auralization of several theatrical excerpts of different Spanish authors of that time is also presented. The integrated system has been subjectively evaluated, obtaining very satisfactory results.
Real-world healthcare utilization in adult congenital heart disease: a systematic review of trends and ratios
Authors: Willems Ruben , Werbrouck Amber , De Backer Julie , Annemans Lieven 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground:As a result of medical advances, the adult congenital heart disease population is rapidly expanding. Nonetheless, most patients remain prone to increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, long-term medical resource use is required. This systematic review aims to present the trends over the past decades of medical resource utilization in adult congenital heart disease as well as its current status, with a focus on hospitalizations, emergency department visits, outpatient cardiology visits, and visits to other healthcare professionals.Methods:MEDLINE (Pubmed), Embase, and Web of Science were searched for retrospective database research publications. The ISPOR checklist for retrospective database research was used for quality appraisal. Trends over time are explored.Results:Twenty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. All but one of the studies was conducted in Western Europe and North America. The absolute number of hospitalizations has been increasing over the last several decades. This increase is highest in patients with mild lesions, although these numbers are largely driven by hospitalizations of patients with an atrial septal defect or a patent foramen ovale. Meanwhile, outpatient cardiology visits are increasing at an even higher pace, and occur most often in geriatric patients and patients with severe lesions. Conversely, the number of hospitalizations per 100 patients is decreasing over time. Literature is scarce on other types of healthcare use.Conclusion:A strong rise in healthcare utilization is noticed, despite the mitigating effect of improved efficiency levels. As the population continues to grow, innovative medical management strategies will be required to accommodate its increasing healthcare utilization.
Job Mobility, Tenure, and Promotions in Political Science PhD-Granting Departments, 2002–2017: Cohort, Gender, and Citation-Count Effects
Authors: Kim Hannah June , Grofman Bernard 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTUsing updated data from 2002 and 2017 on the political science discipline, we show how the cohort and gender composition of US PhD-granting departments has changed dramatically over time. Integrating 2002 and 2017 data, we examine overall patterns and gender differences in job mobility, tenure and promotion, and university prestige level among non-emeritus 2002 faculty, controlling for cohort effects. Even with this control, we find strong gender effects in some of these success dimensions. We then introduce another variable, citation counts, and find that women are consistently less cited than men, with important variations in the pattern across different cohorts. A control for citation counts show that some of these gender differences tend to disappear and we consider possible explanations for these findings.
Mapping Policy Issues: A Simple, Active-Learning Exercise for Critical Thinking
Authors: Holtzman Richard 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTMany students in my undergraduate American politics courses struggle to see policy issues as complex. Too often, they get stuck making surface-level observations or jumping straight to personal opinions, falling far short of critical thinking. This article introduces an active-learning exercise—situational mapping—that provokes students to recognize and think critically about the complexities of policy issues such as immigration, abortion, campaign financing, and guns. Adapted from a grounded-theory research technique, the goals of this mapping exercise are to (1) help students see policy issues as messy, (2) encourage them to “wallow in complexity” rather than oversimplify, and (3) provoke them to think through complexities before forming conclusions. The learning exercise actively engages every student, is simple to prepare and implement, can be completed during a 50-minute class, and is flexible in its application. It also involves teamwork, informal presentations, moving around the classroom, and opportunities for creativity.
Noninvasive brain stimulation in rehabilitation of hemispatial neglect after stroke
Authors: Veldema Jitka , Bösl Kathrin , Neumann Günter , Verheyden Geert , Nowak Dennis Alexander 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundNoninvasive brain stimulation can modulate neural processing within the motor cortex and thereby might be beneficial in the rehabilitation of hemispatial neglect after stroke.MethodsWe review the pertinent literature regarding the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation in order to facilitate recovery of hemispatial neglect after stroke.ResultsTwenty controlled trials (including 443 stroke patients) matched our inclusion criteria. Methodology and results of each study are presented in a comparative approach. Current data seem to indicate a better efficiency of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, compared to tDCS to ameliorate hemispatial neglect after stroke.ConclusionsNoninvasive brain stimulation has the potential to facilitate recovery of hemispatial neglect after stroke, but until today, there are not enough data to claim its routine use.