bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of computer adaptive tests in outcome assessments following upper limb trauma
Authors: Jayakumar P. , Overbeek C. L. , Vranceanu A-M. , Williams M. , Lamb S. , Ring D. , Gwilym S. 
Published: June 2018

Aims Outcome measures quantifying aspects of health in a precise, efficient, and user-friendly manner are in demand. Computer adaptive tests (CATs) may overcome the limitations of established fixed scales and be more adept at measuring outcomes in trauma. The primary objective of this review was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the psychometric properties of CATs compared with fixed-length scales in the assessment of outcome in patients who have suffered trauma of the upper limb. Study designs, outcome measures and methodological quality are defined, along with trends in investigation. Materials and Methods A search of multiple electronic databases was undertaken on 1 January 2017 with terms related to “CATs”, “orthopaedics”, “trauma”, and “anatomical regions”. Studies involving adults suffering trauma to the upper limb, and undergoing any intervention, were eligible. Those involving the measurement of outcome with any CATs were included. Identification, screening, and eligibility were undertaken, followed by the extraction of data and quality assessment using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria. The review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria and reg istered (PROSPERO: CRD42016053886). Results A total of 31 studies reported trauma conditions alone, or in combination with non-traumatic conditions using CATs. Most were cross-sectional with varying level of evidence, number of patients, type of study, range of conditions and methodological quality. CATs correlated well with fixed scales and had minimal or no floor-ceiling effects. They required significantly fewer questions and/or less time for completion. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) CATs were the most frequently used, and the use of CATs is increasing. Conclusion Early studies show valid and reliable outcome measurement with CATs performing as well as, if not better than, established fixed scales. Superior properties such as floor-ceiling effects and ease of use support their use in the assessment of outcome after trauma. As CATs are being increasingly used in patient outcomes research, further psychometric evaluation, especially involving longitudinal studies and groups of patients with specific injuries are required to inform clinical practice using these contemporary measures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:693–702.
The trilemma of Malaysian higher education
Authors: Campbell James 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Higher education in Malaysia has an important political and social dimension. The importance of maintaining national stability and authority and addressing the problems of horizontal inequality are ultimately unavoidable influences on Malaysian educational institutions. These issues act to temper the promises and impact of liberalization and globalization in higher education. The discourse of higher education in Malaysia and the way in which we formulate arguments about higher educational institutions, globalization, the state and democratic needs must be understood in historical and political contexts. The establishment of a post-independence national education system was informed both by Malaysia’s colonial inheritance and a desire to transcend its limitations. Malaysian public policy especially since the inculcation of the New Economic Policy has also had a strong focus on addressing inequality between ethnic groups in Malaysia and the legacy of horizontal inequality rooted in the unjust legacy of Malaysia’s colonial past. To understand Malaysian higher education, one needs an historical understanding of its colonial past and a sense of the local conditions that inform the difficult political choices that policy makers have. The limits of globalization and liberalization in higher education can be understood in reference to these historical, social and political issues.
On the full transitivity of a cotorsion hull
Authors: Kemoklidze Tariel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
It is shown that there exists a family of

2

2

ℵ
0

{2^{2^{\aleph_{0}}}}

non-isomorphic separable primary groups with unbounded basic subgroups of cardinality not exceeding

2

ℵ
0

{2^{\aleph_{0}}}

, where the cotorsion hull of each group is not fully transitive.
Two (non-) islands in Slovenian: A study in Experimental Syntax
Authors: Stepanov Arthur , Mušič Manca , Stateva Penka 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere exists a controversy in the literature and among the speakers of Slovenian concerning the grammaticality of wh-island and subject island constructions in this language. We conducted an acceptability rating study of wh-islands and subject islands in Slovenian, using the factorial definition of island. This definition provides for a possibility to isolate a true island effect while controlling for two complexity factors that potentially interfere in speakers’ evaluation of the relevant sentences: thelengthof the respective movement dependency and the presence of anisland structureitself. We found that (i) Slovenian speakers do judge the wh-island sentences worse than the respective controls, but the observed degradation cannot be attributed to a true island effect; (ii) subject extraction out of a wh-island leads to a so calledreverse island effectwhereby the acceptability is higher than expected even if the above two complexity factors are taken into consideration; and (iii) speakers are sensitive to the subject island effect, as predicted by the mainstream theories of syntactic locality. The results of our study contribute to establishing a solid empirical base for further theoretical investigations of the island effects and raise new questions about the role of processing factors in speakers’ evaluations of island constructions.
The grammaticalization of -kotok- into a negative marker in Manda (Bantu N.11)
Authors: Bernander Rasmus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt is common both crosslinguistically and specifically in Bantu languages for the prohibitive to be formed by a construction consisting of a cessative verb in collocation with a non-finite verb. This is also the case in Manda, an understudied Southern Tanzanian Bantu language. In Manda, a negative imperative is expressed by the auxiliary -kotok-, with the (lexical) meaning ‘leave (off), stop’, operating on an infinitive full verb. Intriguingly, there is variation in this construction, as -kotok- may be both formally reduced and may be used more broadly to denote non-factivity in other “non-main” (or non-standard) contexts. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that this functional and formal variation reflects a historical and ongoing process of grammaticalization along the verb-to-affix cline. Drawing on field data, the available historical data and (micro-)comparative data, this study argues that -kotok- is transforming into a more general non-main negation marker. These changes corroborate Güldemann’s hypothesis (Güldemann, Tom. 1999. The genesis of verbal negation in Bantu and its dependency on functional features of clause types. In Jean-Marie Hombert & Larry Hyman (eds.), Bantu historical linguistics, 545–587. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications) that the salient category of non-standard secondary negative markers in Bantu is derived from constructions with an auxiliary and a non-finite verb.
Umweltentscheidungen als Wechselspiel von Einstellungen, Handlungskosten und situativer Rahmung – ein empirischer Theorienvergleich mit Daten des GESIS Panels
Authors: Neumann Robert , Mehlkop Guido 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Verschiedene theoretische Ansätze versuchen, den Zusammenhang zwischen individuellen Umwelteinstellungen und umweltbezogenem Verhalten bei Alltagsentscheidungen zu erklären. Die Low-Cost-Hypothese wie auch duale Prozessmodelle im Allgemeinen und das Modell der Frame Selektion im Speziellen unterstellen dabei für das Wechselspiel von Umwelteinstellungen und Entscheidungskosten unterschiedliche Wirkungszusammenhänge. Der Beitrag möchte durch die Einbeziehung sequentieller Entscheidungssituationen in aktuellen Bevölkerungsumfragen die theoretische Auseinandersetzung um die angemessene Erklärung von Umweltentscheidungen empirisch anreichern. Dazu verwenden wir Daten aus zwei Wellen des GESIS Panels. Mit Hilfe von Mehrebenenanalysen lassen sich zwar empirische Nachweise für beide Erklärungsansätze finden, für die Vorhersagen beider Theorien finden wir jedoch in Abhängigkeit der situativen Rahmung der Entscheidung auch teilweise inkonsistente Ergebnisse.
Evaluation of Skating Top Speed, Acceleration, and Multiple Repeated Sprint Speed Ice Hockey Performance Tests
Authors: Bond Colin W. , Bennett Tylor W. , Noonan Benjamin C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Bond, CW, Bennett, TW, and Noonan, BC. Evaluation of skating top speed, acceleration, and multiple repeated sprint speed ice hockey performance tests. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2273–2283, 2018—Skating speed, acceleration (ACC), and economy are important attributes related to ice hockey success and should ideally be tested on the ice in a reliable and time efficient manner that is accessible to coaches at all levels of the sport. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of certain on-ice tests and further, to use these results to evaluate changes in performance across a season. It was hypothesized that the tests' reliability would be excellent and that players would demonstrate improvements in performance associated with enhanced physiological conditioning. Forty male ice hockey players (16.2 ± 0.8 years, 1.76 ± 0.06 m, 73.7 ± 9.8 kg) completed top speed (TS), ACC, and multiple repeated sprint time (MRST) tests twice in the preseason (PRE 1 and 2) 1 week apart to examine reliability and once postseason (POST) to examine changes across the season. A high-speed video camera was used to time each test. The TS, ACC, and MRST demonstrated excellent within- and between-day reliability (interclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.83, typical error [TE] ≤ 2.6%) as well as within- and between-rater reliability (ICC ≥ 0.86, TE ≤ 0.5%). The team's TS and ACC were similar at all 3 assessments (p > 0.05), whereas MRST was faster at POST than at PRE 1 (p < 0.05). This test battery is reliable, time efficient, and inexpensive. All 3 tests may be used in team selection and identification of fatigue or overtraining. The MRST may be the most sensitive to short-term improvements related to ice hockey conditioning.
Association of Compartmental Leg Lean Mass Measured by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry With Force Production
Authors: Raymond-Pope Christiana J. , Dengel Donald R. , Fitzgerald John S. , Bosch Tyler A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Raymond-Pope, CJ, Dengel, DR, Fitzgerald, JS, and Bosch, TA. Association of compartmental leg lean mass measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry with force production. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1690–1699, 2020—We recently reported a novel method for measuring upper leg anterior/posterior compartmental composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of this method with measures of muscle-specific and explosive strength and to compare this method with traditional dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of total and upper leg masses. We hypothesize this method will be related to muscle-specific strength measured by isokinetic dynamometry and explosive strength measured by jump mechanography. Nineteen NCAA Division I college athletes (10 women; age = 20.4 ± 1.4 years; height = 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass = 73.8 ± 17.0 kg) underwent 3 DXA scans (1 total body, 2 lateral) and knee extension/flexion strength assessment using isokinetic dynamometry at 3 velocities (60, 120, and 180°·s−1). A subset of 10 participants also completed a squat jump on a force platform on a different day. Pearson correlations compared 3 separate lean soft-tissue mass (LSTM) regions of interest (total leg, upper leg, and compartmental leg) with (a) isokinetic peak torque and (b) squat jump height, peak force, and peak and average rate of force development. Compartmental leg LSTM demonstrated similar correlations (r = 0.437–0.835) with peak torque in comparison with total leg (r = 0.463–0.803) and upper leg (r = 0.449–0.795) LSTM. Summed right and left total leg (r = 0.830–0.940), total upper leg (r = 0.824–0.953), and anterior (r = 0.582–0.798) and posterior (r = 0.750–0.951) compartmental leg LSTM demonstrated moderate-to-strong correlations with all squat jump variables, particularly jump height (p < 0.05). The lateral segmentation DXA scanning method demonstrated feasibility in assessing compartmental leg LSTM in relation with isokinetic and squat jump measurements—important outcomes when examining an athlete's response to training and rehabilitation.
The Doubletime HomologKIN-20Mainly Regulateslet-7Independently of Its Effects on the Period HomologLIN-42inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Rhodehouse Kyle , Cascino Katherine , Aseltine Laura , Padula Allegra , Weinstein Rachel , Spina Joseph S , Olivero Christiane E , Van Wynsberghe Priscilla M 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) heterochronic pathway, which regulates developmental timing, is thought to be an ancestral form of the circadian clock in other organisms. An essential member of this clock is the Period protein whose homolog, lin-42, in C. elegans is an important heterochronic gene. LIN-42 functions as a transcriptional repressor of multiple genes including the conserved lin-4 and let-7 microRNAs. Like other Period proteins, levels of LIN-42 oscillate throughout development. In other organisms this cycling is controlled in part by phosphorylation. KIN-20 is the C. elegans homolog of the Drosophila Period protein kinase Doubletime. Worms containing a large deletion in kin-20 have a significantly smaller brood size and develop slower than wild type C. elegans. Here we analyze the effect of kin-20 on lin-42 phenotypes and microRNA expression. We find that kin-20 RNAi enhances loss-of-function lin-42 mutant phenotypes and that kin-20 mutant worms express lower levels of LIN-42. We also show that kin-20 is important for post-transcriptional regulation of mature let-7 and lin-4 microRNA expression. In addition, the increased level of let-7 found in lin-42(n1089) mutant worms is not maintained after kin-20 RNAi treatment. Instead, let-7 is further repressed when levels of kin-20 and lin-42 are both decreased. Altogether these results suggest that though kin-20 regulates lin-42 and let-7 microRNA, it mainly affects let-7 microRNA expression independently of lin-42. These findings further our understanding of the mechanisms by which these conserved circadian rhythmic genes interact to ultimately regulate rhythmic processes, developmental timing and microRNA biogenesis in C. elegans.
Mehr Unsicherheit durch Rechtsklarheit? – Zur Anwendung des Vollfunktionskriteriums in der europäischen Fusionskontrolle
Authors: Stauber Peter , Pahlen Robert 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Am 7. 9. 2017 hat der EuGH in der Rechtssache „Austria Asphalt“ im Rahmen eines Vorabentscheidungsverfahrens entschieden, dass die Gründung eines Gemeinschaftsunternehmens („GU“) stets nur dann der europäischen Fusionskontrolle unterfällt, wenn das GU auf Dauer alle Funktionen einer selbstständigen wirtschaftlichen Einheit erfüllt (sog. Vollfunktionseigenschaft). Dies gilt nunmehr unabhängig davon, ob das GU neu gegründet oder ein bereits operativ tätiges Unternehmen erst später zum GU wird, indem ein Wechsel von alleiniger zu gemeinsamer Kontrolle stattfindet. Die Praxis der Europäischen Kommission war demgegenüber bislang uneinheitlich. Auch im Rahmen des vorliegenden Vorabentscheidungsverfahrens nahm die Europäische Kommission einen abweichenden Standpunkt ein als im Verfahrensabschnitt vor dem Vorabentscheidungsersuchen. Das Urteil des EuGH bringt somit Klarheit in diesem Punkt. Infolgedessen werden bestimmte Arten von Transaktionen nicht mehr der Fusionskontrolle durch die Europäische Kommission unterliegen. Da in einer Vielzahl von EU-Mitgliedstaaten die Fusionskontrollvorschriften den europäischen Regelungen nachgebildet sind, kann das Urteil i. S. „Austria Asphalt“ zudem zur Folge haben, dass diese Transaktionen auch nicht mehr durch nationale Wettbewerbsbehörden geprüft werden können. Dieses Ergebnis klingt jedoch vorteilhafter, als es auf den ersten Blick tatsächlich ist: Denn die Gründung und Tätigkeit eines GU kann weiterhin am Maßstab des Kartellverbots geprüft werden, was nicht unerhebliche Folgeprobleme – gerade auch auf nationaler Ebene – mit sich bringen kann.
High Concordance between Trained Nurses and Gastroenterologists in Evaluating Recordings of Small Bowel Video Capsule Endoscopy (VCE)
Authors: Guarini Alessandra , Marinis Francesca De , Hassan Cesare , Manta Raffaele , Francesco Vincenzo De , Annibale Bruno , Zullo Angelo 
Published: June 2018

Background & Aims: The video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is an accurate and validated tool to investigate the entire small bowel mucosa, but VCE recordings interpretation by the gastroenterologist is time-consuming.A pre-reading of VCE recordings by an expert nurse could be accurate and cost saving. We assessed the concordance between nurses and gastroenterologists in detecting lesions on VCE examinations.Methods: This was a prospective study enrolling consecutive patients who had undergone VCE in clinical practice. Two trained nurses and two expert gastroenterologists participated in the study. At VCE pre-reading the nurses selected any abnormalities, saved them as “thumbnails” and classified the detected lesions as a vascular abnormality, ulcerative lesion, polyp, tumor mass, and unclassified lesion. Then, the gastroenterologist evaluated and interpreted the selected lesions and, successively, reviewed the entire video for potential missed lesions. The time for VCE evaluation was recorded.Results: A total of 95 VCE procedures performed on consecutive patients (M/F: 47/48; mean age: 63 ± 12years, range: 27−86 years) were evaluated. Overall, the nurses detected at least one lesion in 54 (56.8%) patients.There was total agreement between nurses and gastroenterologists, no missing lesions being discovered at a second look of the entire VCE recording by the physician. The pre-reading procedure by nurse allowed a time reduction of medical evaluation from 49 (33-69) to 10 (8-16) minutes (difference: -79.6%).Conclusions: Our data suggest that trained nurses can accurately identify and select relevant lesions in thumbnails that subsequently were faster reviewed by the gastroenterologist for a final diagnosis. This could significantly reduce the cost of VCE procedure.
Gaitada gizli kan testi pozitifliği nedeni ile kolonoskopi yapılan hastaların kolonoskopik ve patolojik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: UTKU Özlem Gül , ERGÜL Bilal , OĞUZ Dilek 
Published: June 2018

Giriş ve Amaç: Kolorektal kanser taramasında gaitada gizli kan testi dışında, fekal immünokimyasal test, fleksible sigmoidoskopi ve kolonoskopi kullanılan diğer yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada gaitada gizli kan testi pozitif olması nedeni ile kolonoskopi istenmiş olan hastaların kolonoskopik ve patolojik bulgularını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya Haziran 2014-Ekim 2016 yılları arasında gaitada gizli kan testi pozitif saptanan ve kolonoskopi yapılması için Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi endoskopi ünitesine yönlendirilen hastalar alındı. Yetersiz kolon temizliği, aktif hematokezyası, kolon operasyonu öyküsü, inflamatuvar barsak hastalığı öyküsü veya üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisinde kanamaya neden olabilecek lezyonu olan hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Hastaların yaşları, cinsiyetleri, kolonoskopik bulguları, patoloji sonuçları not edildi. Üç ya da daha fazla polip, 1 cm’den büyük adenomatöz polip, patolojik incelemede villöz komponent içeren ya da yüksek dereceli displazi saptanan hastalar yüksek riskli grup olarak değerlendirildi ve bu kriterlere göre kolon kansertarama programına alındı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 225 hasta dâhil edildi. Hastaların 111’i (%49.3) erkek, 114’ü (%50.7) kadın, ortalama yaşları 58.52 (24-90), ortalama hemoglobin düzeyi 13.63 (7.2-18) idi. Endoskopik tanıları; normal kolonoskopik bulgular 86 (%38,2), polip 59 (%26,2) , yalnızca perianal hastalık 27 (%12), divertikül 16 (%7,1), kolon kanseri 14 (%6,2), inflamatuvar barsak hastalığı 14 (%6,2), enfeksiyöz kolit 6 (%2,7), anjiodisplazi 3 (%1,3) hasta şeklinde idi. Endoskopik olarak kolon kanseri düşünülen ve polip saptanan 73 (%32,4) hastanın patoloji sonuçları; tübüler adenom 31 (%42,5), adenokarsinom 17 (%23,3), hiperplastik polip 16 (%21,9), tübülovillöz adenom 7 (%9,6), serrated adenom 2 (%2,7) şeklinde değerlendirildi. Kolonoskopik olarak polip saptanan 3 (%5,08) hastanın patolojisinde erken evre karsinom saptandı. Polip saptanan 59 hastanın 30’u (%50,8) yüksek riskli, 29’u (%49,2) düşük riskli olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Gaitada gizli kan testi pozitifliği ile gelen hastaların yaklaşık yarısında kolon patolojisi tespit edilmiştir. Bu test, kolon kanseri ve öncül lezyonlarının tespitinde olduğu gibi, subklinik inflamatuvar barsak hastalığı, kronik kan kaybına yol açan divertikül, anjiodisplazi gibi patolojilerin de tespitinde yardımcı olan ucuz, kolay uygulanabilir bir yöntemdir.
Study of demography and clinical profile of extracranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Patil Mallikarjun , Suligavi Shashidhar , Doddamani S. S. 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The complications of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) are still prevalent in the developing countries like India. They pose a great challenge in the management. The objective of the study was to study the demographic pattern, symptomatology and pattern of extracranial complications of CSOM.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients of both sexes presenting with extra cranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media were included. A proforma drafted for the study of these patients was used. The patients were subjected to investigations to confirm the diagnosis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study of 25 cases of extra cranial complications of CSOM, there were 14 females and 11 males.8 cases were in the age range of 11-20 years. Of the 25 cases, 22 belonged to the low income group and 3 to mid income group. Most common symptoms at presentation were otorrhoea, hearing loss, ear ache, postaural swelling and postaural discharge. Most cases were from rural area. Regarding extracranial complications, 10 cases (40%) had subperiosteal abscess, 4 (16%) mastoid fistula, 2 (8%) acute mastoiditis, 3 (12%) labyrinthine fistula, 2 (8%) facial palsy alone and 3 (12%) had multiple extracranial complications (facial palsy with mastoid fistula). Total facial palsy cases were 5 (20%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Most common age group affected were less than 20 yrs of age, females more affected than males, Low socio-economic group children were affected commonly. Ear discharge and ear pain were common presenting complaints. Subperiosteal abscess was most common extracranial complication followed by mastoid fistula, acute mastoiditis and facial palsy. </p>