bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichoderma–Azotobacter biofilm inoculation improves soil nutrient availability and plant growth in wheat and cotton
Authors: Velmourougane Kulandaivelu , Prasanna Radha , Chawla Gautam , Nain Lata , Kumar Arun , Saxena Anil Kumar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicrobial biofilms are gaining importance in agriculture, due to their multifaceted agronomic benefits and resilience to environmental fluctuations. This study focuses on comparing the influence of single inoculation—Azotobacter chroococcum (Az) or Trichoderma viride (Tv) and their biofilm (Tv–Az), on soil and plant metabolic activities in wheat and cotton grown under Phytotron conditions. Tv–Az proved superior to all the other treatments in terms of better colonisation, plant growth attributes and 10–40% enhanced availability of macronutrients and micronutrients in the soil, over control. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy showed that the cells attached to the root tips initially, followed by their proliferation along the surface of the roots. Soil polysaccharides, proteins and dehydrogenase activity showed several fold enhancement in Tv–Az biofilm inoculated samples. Time course studies revealed that the population of Az and Tv in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere was significantly higher with a 0.14–0.31 log colony‐forming unit (CFU) increase in the biofilm‐inoculated treatment in both crops. Enhancement in soil biological activities was facilitated by the improved colonisation of the biofilm, due to the synergistic association between Tv and Az. This demonstrates the utility of Tv–Az biofilm as a multifunctional plant growth promoting and soil fertility enhancing option in agriculture.
Body Composition Using Air Displacement Plethysmography in Children With Intestinal Failure Receiving Long‐Term Home Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Neelis Esther , Kouwenhoven Stefanie , Olieman Joanne , Tabbers Merit , Jonkers Cora , Wells Jonathan , Fewtrell Mary , Wijnen René , Rings Edmond , de Koning Barbara , Hulst Jessie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intestinal failure (IF) are at risk of growth failure, but little information about body composition is available. Our aim was to assess body composition using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and relate it to clinical and growth parameters.MethodsIn this prospective descriptive observational 2‐center cohort study, children aged 2–18 years receiving home parenteral nutrition (PN) for ≥6 months underwent ADP measurement. Fat mass index (FMI) and fat‐free mass index (FFMI) standard deviation scores (SDSs) were calculated to normalize for small body size.ResultsTwenty‐one out of 22 children, median age 7.4 years, underwent successful ADP measurement after a median PN duration of 5.5 years. They were significantly lighter (median weight for age SDS −0.71, P = 0.004) and shorter (median height for age SDS −1.55, P < 0.001) than the normal population mean; 52% were growing below target height range. They had low FFMI (median SDS −1.53, P < 0.001) and high FMI (median SDS 0.80, P = 0.002). Weight for height and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with FFMI and BMI with FMI, but children with the same weight and height showed different body composition. In 13 patients with 1‐year follow‐up, growth and body composition did not change significantly.ConclusionChildren with IF receiving long‐term PN show lower FFM and higher FM than healthy children. Additionally, children with similar routine growth parameters showed different body composition. Further studies should evaluate the effect of a patient‐tailored approach including physical activity and nutrition advice based on body composition.
Tolerability and Effects of the Use of Energy‐Enriched Infant Formula After Congenital Heart Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Scheeffer Vanessa Adriana , Ricachinevsky Claudia Pires , Freitas Alessandra Thaís , Salamon Francis , Rodrigues Flavia Feijó Nunes , Brondani Tamires Goldani , Sutil Andrea Tomasi , Ferreira Cristina Helena Targa , Matte Ursula da Silveira , da Silveira Themis Reverbel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundUndernutrition is a common problem among children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and may lead to poorer surgical outcomes. A higher intake of energy during the postoperative period of CHD surgery seems to be associated with better outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the use of energy‐enriched formula (EE‐formula) compared with normocaloric formula during 30 days after CHD surgery.MethodsA randomized controlled trial with patients undergoing heart surgery in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil from March 2017 to December 2017 was performed. The intervention group received EE‐formula (1 kcal/mL), and the control group received normocaloric formula (0.67 kcal/mL). The researcher in charge of anthropometric evaluation was blinded to the randomization.ResultsFifty‐nine patients were included; 30 in control group and 29 in intervention group. There were no statistically significant differences between groups regarding age, gender, anthropometry, and surgical risk classification after randomization. A statistically significant difference in z‐score of weight for age and in weight gain variation rate between groups after intervention was observed. Antibiotic use was less frequent in the intervention group, and hospital length of stay was shorter. General gastrointestinal side effects were similar between groups, whereas diarrhea was more frequent in the intervention group. However, this side effect was limited and had spontaneous resolution in 4 out of 6 cases.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that EE‐formula use after heart surgery of patients with CHD is well tolerated and may improve short‐term nutrition outcome, decrease hospital stay, and reduce antibiotic use.
Molecularly imprinted polymeric shell coated monodisperse‐porous silica microspheres as a stationary phase for microfluidic boronate affinity chromatography
Authors: Süngü ÇağılZeynep , Kip Çiğdem , Tuncel Ali 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMolecular imprinting of cis‐diol functionalized agents via boronate affinity interaction has been usually performed using nanoparticles as a support which cannot be utilized as a stationary phase in continuous microcolumn applications. In this study, monodisperse‐porous, spherical silica particles in the micron‐size range, with bimodal pore diameter distribution were selected as a new support for the synthesis of a molecularly imprinted boronate affinity sorbent, using a cis‐diol functionalized agent as the template. A specific surface area of 158 m2/g was achieved with the imprinted sorbent by using monodisperse‐porous silica microspheres containing both mesoporous and macroporous compartments as the support. High porosity originating from the macroporous compartment and sufficiently high particle size provided good column permeability to the imprinted sorbent in microcolumn applications. The mesoporous compartment provided a large surface area for the parking of imprinted molecules while the macroporous compartment facilitated the intraparticular diffusion of imprinted target within the microsphere interior. A microfluidic boronate affinity system was first constructed by using molecularly imprinted polymeric shell coated monodisperse‐porous silica microspheres as a stationary phase. The synthetic route for the imprinting process, the reversible adsorption/ desorption behavior of selected target and the selectivity of imprinted sorbent in both batch and microfluidic boronate affinity chromatography systems are reported.
Kinetics and thermochemistry of the [2π+2σ+2σ]‐cycloaddition of quadricyclane with 2,3‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone
Authors: Kornilov Dmitry A. , Anikin Oleg V. , Kolesnikova Anastasia O. , Bermeshev Maxim V. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Kiselev Vladimir D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo‐stage [2π+2σ+2σ]‐cycloaddition of quadricyclane (2) with 2,3‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (1) with a huge difference in the activity of two reaction centers has been studied. In the first stage (kinetic control), the cycloaddition of 2 takes place on the activated С2=С3 bond of 1 to form the monoadduct 3, and in the second stage the cycloaddition of 2 on the С5=С6 bond of the monoadduct 3 occurs by 6 orders of magnitude lower with the formation of bisadduct 4. The structures of adducts 3 and 4 have been proved by NMR data and the X‐Ray method, respectively. The kinetics of the first and second stages, the enthalpy of dissolution of 1 in the π‐donor solvents, and the enthalpy of the reaction 1+2→3 have been measured.
A framework for analysing learning health systems: Are we removing the most impactful barriers?
Authors: McLachlan Scott , Dube Kudakwashe , Johnson Owen , Buchanan Derek , Potts Henry W.W. , Gallagher Thomas , Fenton Norman 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionLearning health systems (LHS) are one of the major computing advances in health care. However, no prior research has systematically analysed barriers and facilitators for LHS. This paper presents an investigation into the barriers, benefits, and facilitating factors for LHS in order to create a basis for their successful implementation and adoption.MethodsFirst, the ITPOSMO‐BBF framework was developed based on the established ITPOSMO (information, technology, processes, objectives, staffing, management, and other factors) framework, extending it for analysing barriers, benefits, and facilitators. Second, the new framework was applied to LHS.ResultsWe found that LHS shares similar barriers and facilitators with electronic health records (EHR); in particular, most facilitator effort in implementing EHR and LHS goes towards barriers categorised as human factors, even though they were seen to carry fewer benefits. Barriers whose resolution would bring significant benefits in safety, quality, and health outcomes remain.LHS envisage constant generation of new clinical knowledge and practice based on the central role of collections of EHR. Once LHS are constructed and operational, they trigger new data streams into the EHR. So LHS and EHR have a symbiotic relationship. The implementation and adoption of EHRs have proved and continues to prove challenging, and there are many lessons for LHS arising from these challenges.ConclusionsSuccessful adoption of LHS should take account of the framework proposed in this paper, especially with respect to its focus on removing barriers that have the most impact.
NEXT‐GENERATION LEADERSHIP: LEADING CHANGE FROM WITHIN
Authors: Kuhl Joan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKuhl explains why a leader must become an “inclusive changemaker,” and relates how she formed Why Millennials Matter six years ago to help leaders “transform their organizations into the kinds in which the youngest members of our workforce want to work for the long haul.”She writes about “eight bold leadership moves that work together to create change from the inside while showcasing the benefits to employees at all levels of a more inclusive workplace.” These are, in Kuhl's words: (1) model inclusive leadership, (2) take control of your growth and development, (3) engage your employee networks, (4) lift as you climb, (5) ignite an industry‐wide conversation, (6) accelerate toward equal representation, (7) get pay straight, and (8)advocate behind closed doors.
Mild phenotype in Molybdenum cofactor deficiency: A new patient and review of the literature
Authors: Scelsa Barbara , Gasperini Serena , Righini Andrea , Iascone Maria , Brazzoduro Valeria G. , Veggiotti Pierangelo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMolybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare autosomal‐recessive disorder that results in the combined deficiency of molybdenum‐dependent enzymes. Four different genes are involved in Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis: MOCS1, MOCS2, MOCS3, and GEPH. The classical form manifests in the neonatal period with severe encephalopathy, including intractable seizures, MRI changes that resemble hypoxic‐ischemic injury, microcephaly, and early death. To date, an atypical phenotype with late‐onset has been reported in the literature in 13 patients.MethodsWe describe a late‐onset and a relatively mild phenotype in a patient with MOCS2 homozygous mutation.ResultsPyramidal and extrapyramidal signs are recognized in those patients, often exacerbated by intercurrent illness. Expressive language is usually compromised. Neurological deterioration is possible even in adulthood, probably due to accumulation of sulfite with time.ConclusionSulfite inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism could be responsible for the ischemic lesions described in patients with MoCD or alternatively could predispose the brain to suffer an ischemic damage through the action of other insults, for instance intercurrent illness. It is possible that sulfite accumulation together with other external triggers, can lead to neurological deterioration even in adulthood. The role of other factors involved in clinical expression should be investigated to establish the reason for phenotypic variability in patients with the same mutation.
Predictors of breastfeeding self‐efficacy among women attending an urban postnatal clinic, Uganda
Authors: Nankumbi Joyce , Mukama Ashely Atwiine , Ngabirano Tom Denis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with breastfeeding self‐efficacy among postnatal women in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross‐sectional study that was conducted among women attending a postnatal clinic at a teaching hospital in Kampala. Three hundred and eighty‐four postnatal women were randomly selected to respond to an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. We used the Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy scale (BFSES) to assesses breastfeeding self‐efficacy (BFSE). Descriptive statistics and percentages were used to summarize the findings. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine predictors of BFSE.ResultsParticipants had a mean BFSE score of 48.65. The 14 item BFSES consistently measured breastfeeding confidence with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. About six in 10 women (60.2%) had high BFSE, the rest (39.8%) had low BFSE. Having a partner (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 13, 95% CI 3.46–15) and receiving breastfeeding support from health workers (aOR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.95–6.12) were significantly associated with BFSE.ConclusionA notable number of mothers had a low BFSE. Health workers should support breastfeeding mothers to achieve the desired exclusive breastfeeding levels.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of the study provide a direction for midwives in maternity care in educating and supporting women about breastfeeding for the improvement of exclusive breastfeeding rates thus realization of benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.
The contribution of nursing doctoral schools to the development of evidence 10 years after their establishment in Italy: An exploratory descriptive survey of former and current doctoral students’ publications
Authors: Sasso Loredana , Watson Roger , Barisone Michela , Pellegrini Ramona , Timmins Fiona , Aleo Giuseppe , Bressan Valentina , Bianchi Monica , Cadorin Lucia , Dasso Nicoletta , Valcarenghi Dario , Catania Gianluca , Zanini Milko , Bagnasco Annamaria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo analyse through an exploratory descriptive survey how former and current doctoral students’ publications have contributed to the development of evidence between the establishment of the doctoral schools of nursing in 2006–2015.DesignAn exploratory descriptive survey.MethodsWe analysed the papers published in peer‐reviewed journals by the four Italian PhD Schools of Nursing between 2006–2015. Additional missing information was retrieved from Web of Science.ResultsWe identified 478 scientific papers. The papers increased from 12 in 2006–110 in 2015. Most are published in 29 journals, of which 15 had an impact factor ranging between 0.236–3.755. These results show the increasingly significant contribution of nursing doctoral programmes to the production of evidence, which can be used to improve the quality of nursing and inform health policies. Nursing doctoral schools deserve a greater recognition, especially by Italian funding agencies and political institutions.
Relationship of Maternal Weight Status Before, During, and After Pregnancy with Breast Milk Hormone Concentrations
Authors: Sadr Dadres Ghazaleh , Whitaker Kara M. , Haapala Jacob L. , Foster Laurie , Smith Katy D. , Teague April M. , Jacobs David R. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , McGovern Patricia M. , Schoenfuss Tonya C. , Le Laura J. , Harnack Lisa , Fields David A. , Demerath Ellen W. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test associations of prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, oral glucose challenge test results, and postpartum weight loss as predictors of breast milk leptin, insulin, and adiponectin concentrations and whether these relationships vary over time.MethodsMilk was collected at 1 and 3 months from 135 exclusively breastfeeding women from the longitudinal Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth (MILk) study. Hormones were assayed in skimmed samples using ELISA. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were employed to assess main effects and effect‐by‐time interactions on hormone concentrations.ResultsIn adjusted models, BMI was positively associated with milk leptin (P < 0.001) and insulin (P = 0.03) and negatively associated with milk adiponectin (P = 0.02); however, the association was stronger with insulin and weaker with adiponectin at 3 months than at 1 month (time interaction P = 0.017 for insulin and P = 0.045 for adiponectin). Gestational weight gain was positively associated and postpartum weight loss was negatively associated with milk leptin (both P < 0.001), independent of BMI. Oral glucose challenge test results were not associated with these milk hormone concentrations.ConclusionsMaternal weight status before, during, and after pregnancy contributes to interindividual variation in human milk composition. Continuing work will assess the role of these and other milk bioactive factors in altering infant metabolic outcomes.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Home‐Based Lifestyle Therapy on Postpartum Weight in Underserved Women with Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Haire‐Joshu Debra , Cahill Alison G. , Stein Richard I. , Cade W. Todd , Woolfolk Candice L. , Moley Kelle , Mathur Amit , Schwarz Cynthia D. , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Klein Samuel 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of a home‐based lifestyle intervention delivered through Parents as Teachers (PAT), a national home‐visiting organization, designed to minimize excessive weight gain through 12 months post partum in socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED) African American women with overweight or obesity.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted at a single center as part of the Lifestyle Interventions for Expectant Moms (LIFE‐Moms) consortium. Analysis was conducted with 185 SED African American women (BMI 25.0‐45.0 kg/m2 at pregnancy onset) retained from an original sample of 267 randomized to standard PAT or PAT+Lifestyle, which embedded lifestyle therapy within standard PAT delivered prenatally and for 12 months post partum.ResultsCompared with standard PAT, the PAT+Lifestyle group gained less weight (2.5 kg vs. 5.7 kg; P = 0.01) and were more likely to return to their baseline weight (38.0% vs. 21.5%; P = 0.01) from baseline to 12 months post partum. There were no differences between groups in cardiometabolic outcomes, indices of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipid profile. The estimated cost of PAT+Lifestyle was $81 more to deliver per family than standard PAT.ConclusionsPAT+Lifestyle decreases weight gain during pregnancy through 12 months post partum in SED African American women with overweight or obesity at the start of pregnancy with minimal additional cost.
The Combination of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Modifies the Genetic Predisposition to Obesity
Authors: Celis‐Morales Carlos A. , Lyall Donald M. , Bailey Mark E.S. , Petermann‐Rocha Fanny , Anderson Jana , Ward Joey , Mackay Daniel F. , Welsh Paul , Pell Jill P. , Sattar Naveed , Gill Jason M.R. , Gray Stuart R. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether the association between a validated genetic profile risk score for BMI (GPRS‐BMI) (based on 93 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms) and phenotypic obesity (BMI) was modified by the combined categories of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors in a large population‐based study.MethodsThis study included cross‐sectional baseline data from 338,216 white European adult men and women aged 37 to 73 years. Interaction effects of GPRS‐BMI with the combined categories of PA and sedentary behaviors on BMI were investigated.ResultsThere was a significant interaction between GPRS‐BMI and the combined categories of objectively measured PA and total sedentary behavior (P[interaction]  =  3.5 × 10−6); among physically inactive and highly sedentary individuals, BMI was higher by 0.60 kg/m2 per 1‐SD increase in GPRS‐obesity (P  =  8.9 × 10−50), whereas the relevant BMI difference was 38% lower among physically active individuals and those with low sedentary time (β: 0.37 kg/m2; P  =  2.3 × 10−51). A similar pattern was observed for the combined categories of objective PA and TV viewing (inactive/high TV viewing β: 0.60 vs. active/low TV viewing β: 0.40 kg/m2; P[interaction]  =  2.9 × 10−6).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that combined categories of PA and sedentary behaviors modify the extent to which genetic predisposition to obesity results in higher BMI.
Fractional Chebyshev pseudospectral method for fractional optimal control problems
Authors: Habibli M. , Noori Skandari M.H. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we introduce and apply a fractional pseudospectral method for indirectly solving a generic form of fractional optimal control problems. By employing the fractional Lagrange interpolating functions and discretizing the necessary optimality conditions at Chebyshev‐Gauss‐Lobatto points, the problem is converted into an algebraic system. By solving this system, the optimal solution of the main fractional optimal control problem is approximated. Finally, in some numerical examples, we show the applicability, efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed method comparing with some other methods.