bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spirit-driven Gospel Communities of Transformation
Authors: Lord Andy 
Published: June 2019

Studies of mission have started using the category of “renewalist” particularly in regard to the statistics of Christian growth across the world. This embraces those with links to classical Pentecostal, charismatic and evangelical approaches to faith. It is a helpful way of seeing the growth of pentecostal-like movements over the last century. However, little has been done to clarify renewalist identity and what might constitute a renewalist approach to mission. This article seeks to review the development of this identity against the wider background of missiology to then clarify key aspects of renewalist identity. It then suggests elements of a renewalist approach to mission with reference to both practice and theology. These highlight the work of the Holy Spirit, the importance of the gospel and community, the desire for wider integration and the emphasis on transformation. In providing more depth to existing terminology this article seeks to contribute to wider mission studies.
特别在使用世界上基督徒快速成长的数据时，宣教研究开始使用‘更新者’这样的类别。这包括了那些信奉传统的五旬宗，灵恩派及福音派的信徒。这样的使用很帮助我们了解过去一个世纪来五旬宗式运动的成长。但是，更新者的身份及他们宣教的方式却很少被阐明过。本文寻求在广泛的宣教背景下查考这身份的发展及其主要方面，然后提出更新者在实践和神学上宣教的模式。借此显明的乃是圣灵的工作、福音及群体的重要、人们对整合的渴求以及对转化的重视。透过对现存的术语更深的解读，本文试图对宣教研究做出些许贡献。
Los estudios de la misión han empezado a utilizar la categoría de “carismáticos o de renovación”, especialmente en relación a estadísticas sobre el crecimiento cristiano global. Abarca a aquellos que tienen vínculos con enfoques de fe de tipo pentecostal clásico, carismático y evangélico. Es una manera útil de observar el crecimiento de movimientos similares a los pentecostales durante el siglo pasado. Sin embargo, poco se ha hecho para esclarecer el significado de una identidad carismática o de renovación y lo que podría conformar un enfoque carismático o de renovación de la misión. Este artículo busca revisar el desarrollo de esta identidad en el contexto más amplio de la misionología para luego aclarar aspectos clave de la identidad carismática o de renovación. A continuación, sugiere elementos de un enfoque carismático o de renovación de la misión con referencia tanto a la práctica como a la teología. Estos destacan la obra del Espíritu Santo, la importancia del evangelio y la comunidad, el deseo de una mayor integración y el énfasis sobre la transformación. Al trabajar con más profundidad la terminología existente, este artículo busca contribuir a un estudio más amplio de las misión.
This article is in English.
Adapting Sufi Spiritual Forms to Promote Christian Spiritual Growth
Authors: Abraham Nicole 
Published: June 2019

Sufis took Islam to many parts of Asia and in some of those countries still continue to have a significant impact. Using Kraft’s model of dynamic equivalence this paper examines the Sufi spiritual forms of dhikr and samaʾ. Taking his parameters of form, function and meaning, these forms have been researched in terms of their use in fostering the Christian spiritual growth of Muslim seekers/followers of Jesus Christ in one of those Asian contexts. The assessment seeks to discover the degree to which they are compatible or may create difficulties with similar Christian forms. Following a brief overview of Sufism, the dhikr is considered in terms of its form, function and meaning. Both the fikr, the complement of the dhikr and the samaʾ are examined briefly. Then, the main issues highlighted are examined from a Christian theological perspective. Following Hiebert, a brief consideration is also given in terms of Christian history and traditions. Finally, observations are made as to how compatible these forms are within the Christian context while also outlining some of the possible problems.
苏非派信徒将伊斯兰教带去亚洲的许多地区，至今在一些国家还影响重大。本文运用 Kraft 的动态对等模式，考察苏非派信徒的灵性形式 dhikr 和 sama’。透过运用 Kraft 在形式，功能及意义上的参数，本文研究这些形式怎样在亚洲的某一处境下促进那些跟随或正在寻求耶稣的穆斯林的基督徒灵性的成长。这样的评估会发现，他们的这些灵性形式哪些是和基督教类似的形式相兼容，哪些会造成困难。简单介绍苏非派后，本文先考虑 dhikr 的形式，功能及意义，然后是 dhikr 的补充 fikr 和 samaʾ，接着是从基督教神学的角度查考几个方面。随着 Hiebert，本文简短地查考基督教历史及传统，最后提出一些这些灵性形式在基督教处境里是怎样兼容的一些观察，以及列举出各样可能存在的问题。
Los sufíes llevaron el Islam a muchas regiones de Asia y siguen teniendo un impacto significativo en algunos de esos países. Este trabajo utiliza el modelo de equivalencia dinámica de Kraft para examinar las prácticas espirituales sufíes de dhikr and samaʾ.
Estas prácticas son evaluadas en términos de su posible uso para fomentar el crecimiento espiritual cristiano de musulmanes que buscan o siguen a Jesucristo dentro de un contexto asiático; se utilizan los parámetros de forma, función y significado diseñados por Kraft. La investigación busca descubrir hasta qué punto son compatibles o si pueden traer dificultades con algunas prácticas cristianas similares. Luego de una breve descripción del sufismo, se considera el dhikr según su forma, función y significado. Tanto el fikr, el complemento del dhikr, como el samaʾ son analizados brevemente. Seguidamente, los principales temas mencionados son estudiados desde una perspectiva teológica cristiana.
Se considera brevemente la historia y las tradiciones cristianas siguiendo el pensamiento de Hiebert. Por último, se hacen observaciones sobre cuán compatibles son estas prácticas dentro de un contexto cristiano y al mismo tiempo se puntualizan algunos de los posibles problemas.
This article is in English.
Ending Racial Profiling in the Church: Revisiting the Homogenous Unit Principle
Authors: Hendrickson Craig S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The “homogeneous unit principle” (HUP) has informed evangelical mission praxis in the United States for decades. While many see this as a pragmatic approach to spreading the gospel more expediently, others argue that it mirrors processes of racialization in the society at large, while reinforcing hyper-segregation in the church. In this paper, I suggest that the American evangelical church needs to re-examine, and ultimately, shed the exclusionary mission practices informed by the HUP if it is to faithfully embody the unity and reconciliation achieved through Christ’s work on the cross in its racialized mission context (Eph 2:11–22).
Attentiveness to Nature in Learning Qigong in Norway
Authors: Sagli Gry 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article discusses a style of medical qigong, called “Biyun qigong” 碧雲氣功 (Azure blue clouds qigong), that has become popular in Norway and Scandinavia. The gathering of health-enhancing “life force” (qi) from the environment is a notion at the core of Biyun practice. This notion of qi is, however, largely unknown to most people in Norway. Against this background, the article seeks to explore certain aspects of the recontextualization of Biyun into a Western cultural context. The examination highlights that the establishment of Biyun qigong in Norway takes place in a context where outdoor activities (in Norway commonly referred to as friluftsliv, which literally translates as “free-air-life”) are highly valued and very common in everyday life. Drawing on my ethnographic data from fieldwork among participants of Biyun, the article argues that experiences and perceptions of nature derived from friluftsliv contribute to the shaping of Biyun practice in Norway.
The Buddhist Grammar of Healing
Authors: Coderey Céline 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In Rakhine State, like elsewhere in Myanmar and in the region, many healers combine the knowledge and skills of both the herbalist and the exorcist, each resulting from the blending of several medical traditions that have spread across the region and mixed with indigenous belief systems. Within this assemblage, both the efficacy of the remedies, as well as that of the healer, derive from compounds of different sources—tangible and intangible, visible and invisible, material and spiritual1 —reflecting the complexity of the cognitive framework. Within this therapeutic whole, Buddhism occupies a singular position. Although often presented as totally separate from worldly practices, Buddhist practices, symbols, and powers are indeed a sine qua non of medical efficacy in many therapeutic processes. Focusing on the case of the master U Thun Kaing, this article intends to illustrate how medical efficacy is built within a pluralistic medical context, where Buddhism occupies a predominant role that is often denied in ideological conversations. How are different notions, practices, and powers articulated in the hands of a single healer? How is this complexity shaped by the dominance of Buddhism, and how is this role articulated with the common perception of Buddhism as “pure” and “otherworldly”? How does the relationship between materiality and spirituality, visibility, and invisibility unfold?
An Analysis of the State’s Obligation to Provide Access to Sufficient Water: A South African Perspective
Authors: Iyer Desan , Tewari Dev Datt 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Many people in Africa, and around the world, do not have access to pipe or running water despite efforts being made to actualise socio-economic rights. South Africa is no different. The advent of the South African Constitution, as well as a strong commitment to advancing social and economic rights and values, has seen post-apartheid reforms in South Africa as well as an evolving water framework being confronted with new binary challenges. The era of social change has consequently underscored the need for an urgent redress of incongruences that still exist in respect of access to sufficient water. Despite South Africa adopting progressive policy frameworks for water in recent times, stark inequalities between communities in respect of access to sufficient water remain a contentious issue. The article will seek to analyse the developmental mandate of local government’s responsibilities in respect of safeguarding and giving effect to a key socio-economic right in South Africa.
Reversing the ‘Resource Curse’ Phenomenon in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act After a Decade
Authors: Ojukwu-Ogba Nelson , Osode Patrick 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Natural resources endowment is a blessing to the endowed states due to their catalytic development-driving potential. The exploitation of the endowment should result in rapid socio-economic development. However, for most developing states, the blessing of these natural resources strangely tends to turn disadvantageous; a phenomenon that has been distinctly identified in the literature as ‘the resource curse’. This paper examines that phenomenon, using Nigeria as a case study given the serious environmental, political and socio-economic challenges occasioned by the country’s exploitation of its oil and gas endowment. The paper particularly considers the impact of the statutory intervention in Nigeria to reverse the trend through the instrumentality of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act (NEITI Act) 2007. The paper further explores what could be the most effective means of containing the said problems in light of their implications for the future of the country and its people.
Remarks on the Historical Development and Syntax of the Copula in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic Dialects
Authors: Khan Geoffrey 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper examines some aspects of the morphology and syntax of the copula in the North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) dialects. The first part proposes a possible pathway for the diachronic development of the morphology of the copula, with particular attention to the innovative inflection of the 3rd person. It is argued that this originated in deictic constructions that were reanalysed as deictic copulas. The second part offers a functional explanation for the position of the copula before or after the predicate. It is argued that many constructions that place the copula before the predicate should be interpreted as thetic sentences, whereas those that place the copula after the predicate should be interpreted as categorical sentences. The thetic structures are likely to have developed by the replication of the pattern of copula constructions in Kurdish.
The Demise and—Eventual—Death of Formal Anglican Pew-Renting in England
Authors: Bennett J.C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnder the Church Building Acts beginning in 1818, new English Anglican churches received governmental approval to formally rent sittings to congregants. Initial profits seem to have been high enough to make the practice financially viable. But over the Victorian era a flurry of popular protests and governmental acts, combined with lower rates of church-going, reduced the profitability of pew-renting. Churches built under the auspices of the Church Building Commissioners were generally offered grants in exchange for ending pew-rents. S.J.D. Green concluded that pew-renting was generally extinguished by the 1920s or earlier, which is correct regarding Anglican churches which received such “in lieu” grants. But Green’s assessment must be modified for other churches receiving no grants and needing even small profits. Primary sources reflect that many of these continued to set sittings for decades after the 1920s—in a few cases, into the 1960s and 1970s.
John Calvin’s use of Erasmus
Authors: Engammare Max 
Published: June 2019

It is well known that Calvin made important use of Erasmus—the most quoted author in Calvin’s Commentaries on the New Testament—although he criticized him and contested his position more than regularly. This paper is focusing on a philological use of Erasmus by Calvin in his commentaries to the Canonical Epistles, particularly in the first Epistle of John with the Comma Joanneum (chapter 5). Two questions emerge. First, in which places (loci) did Calvin quote Erasmus in an exegetical or philological way of commenting the New Testament? Second, what did Calvin take and leave from Erasmus’s annotations? At the end of the demonstration, Max Engammare proves that Calvin did not read 1 John 5 with Erasmus’ help. The Reformer was well acquainted both with the problem and Erasmus’ solution, but he accepted the Comma Joanneum without any reservation as something good, even excellent for Christians.
Waterways as Landmarks, Challenges, and Barriers for Medieval Protagonists
Authors: Classen Albrecht 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In light of recent ecocritical approaches to literary analysis, this paper endeavors to analyze how creeks, rivers, and other waterways function in a variety of medieval and early modern texts. As the discussion of Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival and Titurel, of the Nibelungenlied, Njál’s Saga, Dante’s Inferno, and Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptaméron indicates, the inclusion of creeks or rivers within the narrative context indicates that major events are to occur in the protagonist’s life. Life and death are determined by the experiences at, on, or even in the river. Even if the poets do not necessarily discuss the waterways as such in their geophysical properties and dimensions, the consistent reference to and inclusion of rivers in those literary works illustrates the true extent to which pre-modern poets were already fully aware of the epistemological function which waterways could carry in human life.
Linguistic evidence for a closer relationship between Lhokpu and Dhimal
Authors: Grollmann Selin , Gerber Pascal 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Lhokpu is a hitherto undescribed and unclassified Trans-Himalayan language spoken by some 2,500 speakers in southwestern Bhutan. Fieldwork in 2015 now enables linguistic research on the language, including accounts on its phylogenetic position within the language family. This paper presents morphological, lexical, and phonological evidence for a closer phylogenetic relationship between Lhokpu and Dhimal (southeastern Nepal). Dhimal is conventionally grouped together with Toto under “Dhimalish.” We argue in this paper that the similarities between Lhokpu and Dhimal are equally profound and numerous, and that Lhokpu, Dhimal, and Toto are three closely related languages within the Trans-Himalayan family.
On the lexical meaning of inchoative states in Korean
Authors: CHOI Jiyoung 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the lexical meaning of so-called inchoative states (INSs) in Korean that do not fit into Vendler (1967)’s aspectual classification, in that they show properties of both atelic (states) and telic (change-of-state) predicates. Building on Bar-el (2005), this paper proposes that INSs in Korean are semantically complex predicates describing a sequence of two events, one that is a change-of-state an achievement would describe, immediately followed by a second that is an eventuality a typical state would describe. This paper also provides an analysis of INSs accounting for their temporal properties.
The Price of Friendship
Authors: Salomon Arel Maria 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article discusses the gift-giving behaviour of English merchants involved in the Russia trade in the Muscovite era. Drawing on a small, but growing body of historical literature relating to the role of gifts in the cultivation of mutually beneficial relations between people across the social spectrum in early modern Europe, it explores the various ways in which the English deployed the practice of giving to their advantage, both in England and in Russia. In particular, as ‘strangers’ in Russia who operated beyond the parameters of traditional kin- and community-based networks of support, English merchants (and other foreigners, such as their Dutch competitors) needed to both ‘befriend’ Russian clients on the ground in every-day trade and nurture relationships in high places to ensure smooth, profitable, and secure business. As the sources reveal, they engaged in a variety of gift-giving behaviours in building relationships with Russians advantageous to their enterprise.
Moving Pictures
Authors: Monahan Erika 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
After briefly exploring various conceptions of the Europe-Asia divide, the paper observes how one panoramic image of Tobol’sk – a Russian town in the heart of Eurasia – traveled through several early modern manuscripts. While it is well known that the Dutchman Nicolas Witsen had a hand in the production of the western European texts that featured the Tobol’sk panorama and that the Tobol’sk panorama Witsen reproduced was a copy of one by the Siberian cartographer S.U. Remezov, this paper wonders if amateurish panoramas by Nicolaas Witsen may have inspired Remezov’s Tobol’sk panorama. While questions about this panorama’s history and textual “travels” remain, this preliminary inquiry and speculation remind us to be attentive to unexpected dynamics and modes of early modern transmission.
Vietnam Maritime Law Enforcement
Authors: Nguyen Thi Lan Anh , Mai Ngan Ha 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the context of more frequent occurrence of illegal activities at sea and increasing depletion of marine natural resources, the need for close cooperation between law enforcement forces is more imminent to foster an effective approach to these issues. In Vietnam, there is a multiplicity of law enforcement forces specializing in different aspects at sea. This article will describe the activities of these forces, including the organizational structure, functions and jurisdictions, as well as their law enforcement practices. Next, this article will describe the experience of these forces in international cooperation to address transnational maritime challenges. Finally, some assessments and proposals for future development will be made on the activities of Vietnam law enforcement forces.
Australia’s Endeavours in Maritime Enforcement
Authors: Wraith James , Schofield Clive 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Australia is deeply connected to the ocean. A uniquely large island nation with a long coastline and few close neighbours, Australia benefits from an immense maritime domain, the third largest in the world. However, with relatively few maritime enforcement resources and an extreme dependence on sea bourne trade, maritime enforcement Australia faces an extremely difficult task in monitoring and ensuring compliance with national laws throughout its maritime jurisdiction. We highlight current threats to Australia’s marine environment including protection of natural resources, piracy, terrorism and illegal arrivals, and examine Australia’s capabilities, legislation and approach to combating these risks. Essential to Australia’s strategy is collaboration across domestic civil and defence agencies, use of innovative approaches and technologies, and regional and international partnerships through creative agreements and treaties.
Governance of the Young Unemployed – A Comparative Study of the United Kingdom, Germany and Norway
Authors: Kane Aina A. , Köhler-Olsen Julia 
Published: June 2019

In this article, we focus on how the United Kingdom, Germany and Norway govern and balance young unemployed claimants’ right to social benefits with conditions of compulsory activities, with the aim of their transition into employment. In the three countries mentioned, we have examined and compared the national legislation and regulations, as well as how case workers in job centres experience these tools in their work with activating the young unemployed.
Balancing the individuals’ right of benefits with the job centre’s right and duty to impose conditions and activities as well as to sanction non-compliance, is also a matter of balancing national legislation with international human rights instruments. We have therefore analysed the three countries’ legislation and job centre conduct in light of the human right to non-discrimination and equality.
To find answers to our research questions, we have studied the legal framework and human rights instruments addressing social security, conditionality and non-discrimination, and interviewed caseworkers regarding their leeway for individual professional discretion.
We find that the human right of substantive equality is challenged in all three countries. Claimants’ commitments can entail stigma, stereotyping and shame, legislation can fail to provide the leeway necessary for accommodating for differences between the individuals, and sanctioning can represent a system of paternalism rather than social citizenship.
Rise of Platform Imperialism in the Networked Korean Society: A Critical Analysis of the Corporate Sphere
Authors: Jin Dal Yong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
By employing political economy as an analytical framework, focusing on power relations between global forces and local forces in the realm of digital platforms, this study aims to develop a critical analysis of Korea’s platform technologies. It first identifies the major characteristics that signal the growth of digital platforms as a corporate sphere in which their operation is greatly defined by market forces. Then, it analyzes the nature of the development of local digital platforms in order to determine whether locally made digital platforms have controlled their own market and expanded in global markets. Finally, it investigates the ways in which us-based digital platforms have dominated or influenced the local market, constructing a new form of imperialism, which this article calls ‘platform imperialism’. For this reason, this study not only examines hardware architecture but also pays close attention to the commercial and cultural values embedded in digital platforms.