bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective Effect of Marine Astaxanthin on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Normal Rats
Authors: AlQahtani Ali A. , Osman Abdel-Moneim M. , Damanhouri Zoheir A. , Al-Kreathy Huda M. , Al-Malky Hamdan S. , Ramadan Wafaa S. , Alharthi Sameer E. , Kamel Fatemah O. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective antineoplastic drug indicated to treat many cancerous diseases but its clinical usefulness is limited by many side effects. The main and the most serious one is DOX induced cardiotoxicity. Many strategies have been tried to minimize this side effect such as addition of cardioprotective agent to DOX treatment protocols.
Aims: The aim of this work was directed to investigate whether marine astaxanthin (ATX), a xanthophyll carotenoid pigment with potent antioxidant effect, could protect heart against the cardiotoxicity induced by DOX.
Methodology: Forty Male Wister rats were divided into four equal groups and treated for one week as follow: Group I rats were treated with normal saline (2 ml/kg, x7, i.p.) and considered a control group. Group II rats were treated with ATX (40 mg/kg, x7, i.p.). Group III rats were treated with normal saline (2 ml/kg, x7, i.p.) and a single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg, i.p.) at day 7. Finally, group IV rats were treated with ATX (40 mg/kg, x7, i.p) and with a single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg, i.p.) at day 7. After 24 and 48 hrs of treatment, rats were anesthetized and prepared for collection of blood samples and heart isolation. The cardioprotective effect of ATX against DOX induced cardiotoxicity were evaluated by measurement of the serum level of cardiac enzymes CPK by colorimetric assay and CK-MB by Eliza. Also the levels of serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured colorimetrically. In addition, the Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in heart tissues homogenate by colorimetric method. In addition, Heart sample were taken for histopathology studies.
Results: The Addition of ATX to DOX significantly (p<0.05) decreased the serum level of cardiac enzymes (CPK, CK-MB) and increased the serum total antioxidant capacity in compare with these levels in sera of rats treated with DOX only. This addition also significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde and increased the reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase significantly in the heart tissues homogenate in compare to corresponding levels in rats treated with DOX alone. Histopathological investigation of cardiac tissues confirmed the biochemical studies, where addition of ATX to DOX treatment protocol showed that the fragmentation of the muscle fiber revealed normal with central vesicular nuclei and prevented a marked disruption of normal cardiac architecture which resulted from DOX treatment.
Conclusion: Marine astaxanthin provides excellent cardioprotective effect against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
Diagnostic Value of Distal Forearm Densitometry for Osteoporosis; Alone or Add to Hip and Spine Densitometry?
Authors: Moghimi Nasrin , Rahmani Khaled , Rajabnia Mohsen 
Published: May 2019

Background: In most centers of the world, for diagnosing osteoporosis is used densitometry in hip and spine, but due to the high prevalence of distal forearm fracture and osteoporosis as its main etiology and on the other hand, evaluation of the distal forearm densitometry as an predictor indicator for axial osteoporosis, evaluate the diagnostic value of distal forearm densitometry for osteoporosis; alone and with adding to hip and spine densitometry.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 250 patients referring to Sanandaj densitometry center from September 2017 to September 2018. For the studied subjects, BMD was performed by DXA method in three regions of hip, spine and distal forearm. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, fisher exact test, chi-square test and logistic regression test using SPSS v. 23 software.
Results: In this study, 68 cases (27.2%) in the spine region, 38 cases (15.2%) in the hip and 85 cases (34%) in distal forearm were osteoporotic. Based on the results of this study, using the conventional method (hip and spine) in comparison with the studied method (hip, spine and distal forearm), 29 (11.6%) of those cases with osteoporosis are not diagnosed. Distal forearm densitometry alone in comparison with the conventional method has diagnostic sensitivity 74.66%, specificity 83.43%, positive predictive value (PPV) 65.88% and negative predictive value (NPV) 88.48%.
Conclusion: Adding distal forearm densitometry to conventional method significantly increasing diagnostic sensitivity of osteoporosis and would prevent misdiagnosis. Distal forearm densitometry can use as a predictor indicator of axial osteoporosis.
Biotreatment of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil
Authors: Popoola B. M. , Olanbiwonninu A. A. 
Published: May 2019

Biodegradation of hydrocarbons by microorganisms represents one of the primary mechanisms by which petroleum and other hydrogen pollutants are eliminated from the environment. This work was carried out on the effect of microorganisms on the biotreatment of oil in crude oil contaminated soil.
Microorganisms were isolated from two experimental soil samples contaminated with Bonny Crude and normal uncontaminated soil as a control over a period of seven months. The microbial as well as the physico-chemical parameters of the soil samples were all analyzed using standard methods. Changes in total petroleum hydrocarbon level were measured appropriately. Treatments used were the microbial isolates.
Forty-four microorganisms were isolated from the contaminated soils and identified as species of Pseudomonas (7), Flavobacterium (6), Bacillus (8), Proteus (4), Klebsiella (1), Pencillium (5), Aspergillus (7), Fusarium (3), Trichypton (2) and Neurospora (1). Ten of the forty-four isolates had ability to degrade crude oil in the laboratory. On contamination a value of 1.0X105 cfu/g in microbial counts were obtained followed by a subsequent increase in population levels after a period of 2months with a value of 1.0X106 cfu/g. Oil application to the soil resulted in an increase in total petroleum hydrocarbon from 0.31 ppm to 5.53 ppm; organic matter from 0.41% to 7.34%; available phosphorus from 1.75 ppm to 2.84 ppm. The treatment measures all showed progressive decrease in oil concentration in the soil. Mixture of bacterial and fungal isolates as a treatment measure proved to be more favourable above all others, it brought the concentration from 5.53 ppm to 0.31 ppm after a period of 5 weeks of treatment, which is same value with the normal soil (uncontaminated).
Species of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Proteus, Klebsiella, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichyphyton and Neurospora had potential for the degradation of bonny crude oil. They could therefore be employed in environmental cleanup of petroleum spill site.
Antennas for Mobile Communications
Authors: Fujimoto Kyohei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAntennas used for mobile communications are not necessarily specialized types of antenna; ordinary antenna types can be used. However, there are several distinctions in performance between mobile and fixed communications with respect to design methodology for antennas in mobile communications, including variations of field strength, varied environmental conditions, mechanical and physical robustness, and mechanical and electrical system performance.
Dielectric Measurement
Authors: Bartnikas R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDielectric measurements are concerned with the characterization of solid, liquid, and gaseous insulating materials over a wide range of DC and AC conditions at different frequencies temperatures, field strengths, and pressures, under differing environments.Space does not permit a detailed description of all the dielectric measurement procedures and, consequently, only a cursory presentation is made.Accordingly, the presentation is necessarily confined to a concise description of the most common methods of dielectric measurement employed currently.
Microwave Measurements
Authors: Ferrero Andrea , Teppati Valeria , Pisani Umberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis contribution discusses microwave measurements principles and techniques. The first section describes power, spectral, and noise measurements. Section 2 discusses network analyzer measurements, calibrations, and time‐domain reflectrometry. Finally, some advanced measurement techniques, as load‐pull and time‐domain waveform characterization, are described.
Finline Components
Authors: Menzel Wolfgang S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFinline is a planar transmission line suspended in theEplane of a metal waveguide. The electromagnetic field is guided by a slot in the finline metallization. This contribution gives an overview of the possibilities of realizing passive as well as active components based on this type of transmission line. The article begins with a discussion of filters, directional couplers, and antennas and nonreciprocal components are mentioned later. It continues with a discussion of diode‐based components such as detectors, p‐i‐n diode attenuators or switches, mixers, and phase shifters. After a short remark on oscillators and amplifiers, a number of integrated components and front ends are presented.
Electromagnetic Materials
Authors: Choudhury Pankaj K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article describes the electromagnetic properties of certain types of mediums or materials in which the process of electromagnetics takes place. The introductory part discusses the evolution of electromagnetics based on theories and experiments by the pioneering scientists in the past. The following portions of the article deal with the different types of mediums, including isotropic and anisotropic dielectrics, conductors, semiconductors, superconductors, electrooptic, and optically active mediums. The fundamentals of magnetic materials are described in greater detail, explaining the mechanisms of magnetization and special materials such as ferrites. Bianisotropic materials and their constitutive equations are also discussed. Here, the focus is on some of the fundamental aspects of the constitutive characterization of bianisotropic mediums. The last three sections describe the basics and important applications of the phenomena of magnetostriction, piezoelectricity, and metamaterials.
Investigating the effects of table movement and sag on optical surrogate‐driven respiratory‐guided computed tomography
Authors: Lackner Niklas , Dietrich Lou , Karius Andre , Fietkau Rainer , Bert Christoph , Szkitsak Juliane 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeRespiratory‐guided computed tomography (CT) typically employs breathing motion surrogates to feed image reconstruction or visual breathing coaching. Our study aimed to assess the impact of table movements and table sag on the breathing curves recorded in four‐dimensional (4D) CT and deep‐inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) CT.MethodsFor breathing curve measurements, static and dynamic phantom scenarios were used. Breathing curves were recorded using three different surrogate systems and the impact of table sag due to weights of up to 130 kg was analyzed and compared to a non‐weighted setting, respectively. The calibration procedure of the system used as an input for the visual coaching device used for clinical DIBH CT scans was adapted. We evaluated corresponding breathing curves acquired during DIBH and 4DCT scans of altogether 70 patients using various stability metrics.ResultsThe various surrogate systems showed consistent table sag measurements below 4 mm, even under loads up to 130 kg, compared to a reference scan conducted without additional weight. Higher weight loads were related to steeper table sag fall‐offs towards the deepest table position. For DIBH CT scans, the visual guidance was heavily affected by artifacts. This resulted in breathing threshold limits, which could not be achieved by 48% (n = 21) of the, respectively, examined patients. Using the new calibration workflow, the baseline drift was compensated better and 90% (n = 20) of the addressed patients stayed within the thresholds. The evaluated table sag in clinical 4DCT scans (n = 29) stayed below 3 mm compared to the non‐weighted situation.ConclusionTable movement and sag can impact breathing curves recorded by different surrogate systems. Correcting table movement and sag artifacts is crucial for reliable breathing curve acquisition in respiratory‐guided CT.
Evaluation of an improved picket fence style test for routine MLC positional QA
Authors: Barnes Michael , Standen Therese , Blackmore Renee , Greer Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim was to develop and evaluate an EPID‐based MLC positional test that addresses known weaknesses of the picket fence test and has sufficient accuracy so that the AAPM MPPG 8.b. MLC position action limit of ± 0.5 mm can be implemented.MethodsWeaknesses and inaccuracies in the picket fence test were identified and a new test plan and analysis algorithm named stakitt was developed. Stakitt was evaluated for repeatability and for sensitivity on the Varian TrueBeam linac with both Millennium MLC and HDMLC and on a Varian Clinac with Millennium MLC. Sensitivity was tested via deliberate introduction of errors into the test plan of magnitude: ± 0.1, ± 0.5, ± 1.0 and ± 1.5 mm. Measured sensitivity was compared to published sensitivity of the picket fence test. Additionally, a use case was presented based on results from a TrueBeam linac to highlight the effect of MLC backlash on MLC positions at non‐zero gantry angles.ResultsRepeatability was observed to within 0.04 mm (3 SD) with the TrueBeams being more repeatable than the Clinac. The deliberately introduced errors were accurately measured to within 0.28 mm and were comparable to the traditional picket fence. Reduced accuracy was recorded for the HDMLC small leaves, which was attributed to an apparent variation in measured leaf width across the range of travel, which impacted the measurement of the leaf tip position. The clinical use case demonstrated variability in MLC leaf positions between gantry 90° and gantry 270° that were of the magnitude of the MLC backlash.ConclusionThe stakitt test addresses the weaknesses of the picket fence test and has accuracy appropriate for implementation of a ± 0.5 mm action limit. However, such an action limit may not be currently practical at non‐zero gantry angles due to the impact of MLC leaf backlash.
Automated hippocampal sparing whole brain radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for multiple brain metastases: Halcyon, HyperArc on TrueBeam, and coplanar TrueBeam
Authors: McCarthy Shane , Clark Ryan , Magliari Anthony , St. Clair William , Pokhrel Damodar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the ease and feasibility that hippocampal sparing whole brain (WB) simultaneous integrated boost (HSWB‐SIB) plans can be generated using knowledge‐based planning and Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface (ESAPI) for three different modalities, HyperArc on TrueBeam (TB‐HA), a coplanar beam arrangement on TrueBeam (TB‐Co), and the ring‐mounted Halcyon LINAC (Hal).MethodsTwelve patients with 2–14 brain metastases were retrospectively replanned for HSWB‐SIB using a published HSWB RapidPlan model with modifications for the automated addition of SIB to metastases. Prescribed dose was 30 Gy to the WB planning target volume (PTV) and 50 Gy to the metastases in 10 fractions. Eclipse treatment planning system (v16.1) was used with a 6 MV‐FFF beam and Acuros XB dose algorithm.ResultsThe methodology was successfully used for all modalities, generating plans in under 30 min. The plan doses were normalized to the WB PTV D95% receiving 30 Gy. Reporting values in the order of Hal, TB‐Co, and TB‐HA: The WB PTV received a V48 Gy of 4.58, 3.98, and 4.45 cc with statistically insignificant differences (p = 0.806). The boost PTVs received a D95% of 50.60, 50.43, and 51.13 Gy with statistically significant comparisons between TB‐HA and the other two modalities (p = 0.005). The hippocampus maximum dose was 11.81, 11.51, and 11.13 Gy with no statistically significant comparisons (p = 0.105). All other oragns‐at‐risk (OAR) doses were clinically acceptable. The modalities were evaluated using a dosimetric scorecard, achieving average scores of 84.85%, 86.45%, and 87.39%. End‐to‐end testing ensured the deliverability of the HSWB‐SIB plans for all modalities.ConclusionThe novel modification of the preexisting HSWB RapidPlan model with the automated inclusion of SIB objectives allows for easy, intuitive planning of complex HSWB‐SIB treatments. All modalities demonstrated can be used with clinically comparable results. Other institutions are recommended to pursue and validate this HSWB‐SIB technique to increase the accessibility of a single‐course of high‐quality treatment for patients with multiple brain lesions.
In Situ Asymmetric Patterning for Information Encryption
Authors: Chen Chong , Ai Bin , Wang Yu , Xiao Zifan , Xiao Ge , Zhang Gang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHere, Ag nanoparticle asymmetric assembly arrays (NAAAs) are realized through a facile and inexpensive in situ asymmetric patterning process based on plasmonic nanochemistry. The growth of Ag NPs follows the asymmetric maximum plasmonic field region of Au nanoholes under light irradiation, as demonstrated by finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations. Ag NAAAs exhibit unique Fano resonance modes due to the asymmetric arrangement of the nanoparticles. The size and morphology of Ag NAAAs can be systematically tuned by adjusting the reaction duration, deposition parameters, and etching conditions. Various multiscale patterns from macroscopic to submicron scales can be precisely obtained in combination with photolithography. Ag NAAAs can serve as excellent surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with an enhancement factor of up to 2.79×109. Combining the adjustable asymmetric morphology and editable patterning capabilities of multiscale Ag NAAAs, the application of anti‐counterfeiting labels integrating structural, molecular, and pattern/text information is realized. In addition, asymmetric patterning techniques can be used to create Au NAAAs and applied on flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrates, thereby enhancing the versatility of the anti‐counterfeiting labels in practical applications.
Organoids of Musculoskeletal System for Disease Modeling, Drug Screening, and Regeneration
Authors: Chen Weicheng , Liu Dachuan , Lu Kai , Xu Mengping , Li Di , Yan Wei , Chen Song , Li Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMusculoskeletal diseases have emerged as the leading cause of disability worldwide, with their prevalence increasing annually. In light of this escalating health challenge, organoids, an emerging technology in tissue engineering, offer promising solutions for disease modeling, drug screening, regeneration, and repair processes. The successful development of musculoskeletal organoids represents a significant breakthrough, providing a novel platform for studying musculoskeletal diseases and facilitating the discovery of new treatments. Moreover, organoids serve as valuable complements to traditional 2D culture methods and animal models, offering rich insights into musculoskeletal biology. This review provides an overview of organoid technology, outlining the construction processes of various musculoskeletal organoids and highlighting their similarities and differences. Furthermore, the challenges associated with organoid technology in musculoskeletal systems are discussed and insights into future perspectives are offered.
Dual‐Enhanced Nanohybrids for Synergistic Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Lee Dabin , Sun Hyungjin , Bang Jieun , Heo Tae‐Young , Pham Duong Thi‐Thuy , Jang Jong Dae , Han Young Soo , Shin Tae Joo , Choi Soo‐Hyung , Park JaeHong , Doh Junsang , Park Juhyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study presents a nanohybrid that simultaneously improves both photothermal (PT) and photodynamic (PD) effects for cancer therapy. The conjugated polymer nanoparticle (CPN) comprises of p‐type conjugated polymer as a photosensitizer, charge donor, and PT agent, n‐type conjugated polymer as a charge acceptor and PD agent, and Au nanoparticles (NPs) as a PT agent. This nanohybrid is assembled through a film dispersion process using a hydrophobically modified phospholipid, producing a high yield of uniform hybrid NPs in a short timeframe, and displays exceptional photothermal and photodynamic effects, when activated at a single near‐infrared wavelength. Photophysical analysis indicates that the inclusion of Au NPs enhances nonradiative exciton relaxation, while the incorporation of a n‐type conjugated polymer boosts photoinduced charge transfer and potentially contributes to the charge‐recombination mediated triplet‐state formation for an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. During phototherapy, the nanohybrid demonstrates the most effective suppression of primary tumor growth and significantly boosts anti‐tumor immune responses owing to its simultaneous photothermal and photodynamic effects. Furthermore, when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, nanohybrid treatment minimizes tumor sizes while maximizing survival rates in mice. Thus, the nanohybrid represents a promising nanoplatform for combination phototherapy in cancer treatment.
Macro‐Superlubricity Induced by Tribocatalysis of High‐Entropy Ceramics
Authors: Du Changhe , Yu Tongtong , Sui Xudong , Zhang Zhengfeng , Cai Rongsheng , Zhang Liqiang , Feng Yange , Feng Min , Zhou Feng , Wang Daoai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMacroscale superlubricity has attracted considerable attention as a promising strategy to minimize frictional energy dissipation and achieve near‐zero wear. However, realizing macroscale superlubricity with prolonged durability remains an immense challenge, particularly on engineering steels. Current superlubricants render steel surfaces susceptible to corrosion, causing severe wear and superlubrication failure. Herein, high‐entropy ceramics (HEC) with catalytic properties are innovatively introduced to prevent corrosion of engineering steels and achieve macro‐superlubricity through tribo‐catalytic effect. Furthermore, this catalytically induced superlubricity system exhibits an ultra‐low friction coefficient of 0.0037 under contact pressure up to 1.47 GPa, an ultra‐long cycle lifetime of 1.25 × 106 cycles (corresponding sliding distance up to 5 km), and an extremely low wear rate of 3.032 × 10−10 mm3·N−1·m−1 on the HEC surface. Based on the experimental analysis and theoretical simulation, the in situ formed HEC nanocrystals reduce the Gibbs free energy of hydrolysis of PA molecules into inositol and phosphoric acid molecules in the lubricant. Notably, the hydrolysis products favorably contributed to the reduction of shear force in the lubrication system, which is essential for achieving macroscale superlubricity over a long time. This study provides a new perspective for designing robust superlubricity systems by harnessing the tribocatalytic effect of high‐entropy materials.