bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pediatric Anterior Skull Base: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective
Authors: Mitchell Ron B , Chang Andrew J , Shah Gopi B 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Anterior skull base tumors have traditionally posed a therapeutic challenge. However, the advancement of skull base and endoscopic surgery has allowed for more of these lesions to be amenable to surgical resection. Though common in the adult population, surgical approaches in the pediatric population is not widely described. This chapter discusses the presentation and treatment for various pediatric anterior skull base lesions. Surgical approaches, complications, and the role of the otolaryngologist is also discussed.

How to cite this article
Chang AJ, Mitchell RB, Shah GB. The Pediatric Anterior Skull Base: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):143-148.
Transoral Laser Microsurgery vs Radiotherapy for Early Glottic Cancer: Study at Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Halkud Rajshekar , Chavan Purushottam , Shenoy Ashok M , Sharma Vikas , Ranganath Namrata , Pasha Tanvir , Shenoy Poornima , Ravikumar B , Narayana Suma M , Sharif Muhammed I , Vijay CR 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare laryngeal preservation rates, survival rates, and voice outcomes after treatment of early glottic cancer between transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and radiotherapy (RT).

Materials and methods
A review of oncologic results was performed on a consecutive series of individuals with early-stage glottic carcinoma (T1 and T2) who were treated between 2011 and 2014 at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology and had received either RT or TLM. Data were collected with a view to assess overall survival, disease-specific survival, laryngectomyfree survival, and laryngeal preservation rates. The Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30) was used as the measure of voice quality after treatment.

Results
Two-year overall survival for TLM group was 93.8% and for RT group was 90.5%, p = 0.643. Disease-free survival (TLM = 90.6% vs RT = 76.2%) was not found to be significant (p-value = 0.104). Laryngeal preservation rate was 79.5% in TLM and 71.4% in RT group (p-value = 0.003). Laryngectomy- free survival was better in TLM (TLM = 96.9% vs RT = 76.2%, p = 0.003). Substage analysis showed equivalent voice for TLM (VHI = 6–12) and RT (VHI = 6–14) in T1a patients (p = 0.94), whereas voice outcome was better for RT in T1b (VHI = 10–16 for TLM vs VHI = 11–18 for RT, p = 0.044) and T2 (VHI = 21–29 for TLM vs VHI = 16–23 for RT, p = 0.002) stages.

Conclusion
Transoral laser microsurgery can be considered the treatment of choice for early glottic cancer in view of better laryngeal preservation rate and laryngectomy-free survival with added advantage of low treatment cost and shorter hospital stay compared with RT.

Clinical significance
Laryngeal cancers represent the most common malignancy of head and neck, with estimated worldwide incidence of 120,000 cases annually. Optimal treatment modality has generated significant controversy in literature. External beam RT, open partial laryngectomy, and TLM are various treatment options available. This study depicts TLM as a preferred modality for early glottic cancer.

How to cite this article
Shenoy AM, Sharma V, Chavan P, Halkud R, Ranganath N, Pasha T, Shenoy P, Ravikumar B, Narayana SM, Sharif MI, Vijay CR. Transoral Laser Microsurgery vs Radiotherapy for Early Glottic Cancer: Study at Tertiary Care Center in India. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):15-20.
Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Jaiswal Ashwin A , Behera Bikram K , Membally Ravindranath , Mohanty Manoj K 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimTo highlight a rare case of a congenital midline cervical cleft (CMCC) in context with embryological theories/hypothesis, presentation, and management along with review of literature.IntroductionCongenital midline cervical cleft is a rare but interesting anterior neck anomaly with controversial theories/ hypothesis regarding its embryogenesis.Case reportWe describe here a classical case of midline cervical cleft that presented at birth with a cephalocaudal orientation, extending from the level below the hyoid bone to the suprasternal notch with a length of 3 cm and width of 0.5 cm. At 6 months of age, the lesion was excised and closure was done by multiple Z-plasty, with satisfactory results.DiscussionAlthough the diagnosis is clinical, it is frequently misdiagnosed. The associated clinical features could include thyroglossal duct cysts, cleft lip/mandible/sternum, cervical contractures, mandibular spurs, microgenia, and/or bronchogenic cysts. If it is not treated at an early age, it can result in complications like webbing of the neck, dental malocclusion, and restricted neck movements.ConclusionEarliest recognition of CMCC and proper intervention can provide better esthetic and functional prognosis.Clinical significanceA correct earlier recognition of the lesion and appropriate surgical management are key to avoid longterm complications.How to cite this articleJaiswal AA, Behera BK, Membally R, Mohanty MK. Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):25-30.
Megalo-Goitrous Form of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Rare Indication for Surgery
Authors: PRK Bhargav , Amar V , Uday SK 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the commonest cause of hypothyroidism, especially in iodine replete areas. The clinical presentation of HT is usually insidious with mild goiter and progressive hypothyroidism. But, HT presents with large goiter and compressive symptoms in some cases. The treatment of HT is mostly conservative with thyroxine treatment sooner or later. Occasionally, surgery is indicated for large goiters with persistent pressure symptoms or associated nodules. We report a rare case of unusually large goiter with compressive symptoms, hitherto unreported in literature.

How to cite this article
Bhargav PRK, Amar V, Uday SK. Megalo-Goitrous Form of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Rare Indication for Surgery. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):15-16.
Calciphylaxis in Renal Hyperparathyroidism: A Case-based Review
Authors: Parameswaran Rajeev , Tan Sandra , Yuan Ngiam K , Lim Diana GZ 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Calciphylaxis is a rare fatal condition associated with chronic renal failure, with a prevalence of about 4%. The condition is associated with microcalcification of small- and medium-sized arteries, leading to skin ischemia, necrosis, and gangrene. Any part of the body may be involved, but it is predominant in the lower extremities. Severe pain is usually associated with ulcers and may be difficult to manage. Although parathyroidectomy may improve the symptoms, the prognosis remains dismal with a high mortality. We present a case of severe calciphylaxis associated with renal hyperparathyroidism and briefly review the literature on the condition.

How to cite this article
Tan S, Yuan NK, Lim DGZ, Parameswaran R. Calciphylaxis in Renal Hyperparathyroidism: A Case-based Review. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):156-159.
Sarcoid-like Foreign Body Granuloma of Tongue
Authors: Smitha SG , Bisanna Jagannath , Santhosh Nirmala 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWe report a case of delayed granulomatous reaction of the tongue due to religious practice of piercing with a metal rod. There are very few cases reported in literature with complications of ritual oral and body piercing presenting as sarcoid-like foreign body granuloma.How to cite this articleBisanna J, Gangaraj SS, Santhosh N. Sarcoid-like Foreign Body Granuloma of Tongue. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):102-103.
Complete Second Branchial Fistula: Diagnostic Imaging and Surgical Aspects
Authors: Monga Uday , Bist SS , Bharti Bhartendu , Agarwal Vinish , Purohit Kartikya 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionComplete branchial fistulae are rare anomalies of the branchial cleft apparatus. Incomplete fistulae occur more commonly and may be completely asymptomatic. They are often neglected as they do not lead to recurrent infection, while complete branchial fistula have persistent symptom of discharge. The branchial fistula very rarely has two openings. Usually, a thin membrane covering the internal opening is present even if both ends are patent. Demonstration of a complete branchial fistula on imaging studies is also very uncommon. This is a study of five cases of complete second branchial fistulae, which were diagnosed and treated surgically in a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 3 years. The case study also make special emphasis on preoperative imaging for the confirmation of diagnosis and for appropriate surgical approach for complete excision of fistulous tract in order to minimize the recurrence as the revision second-look surgery in neck region is usually difficult.How to cite this articleBist SS, Purohit K, Agarwal V, Bharti B, Monga U. Complete Second Branchial Fistula: Diagnostic Imaging and Surgical Aspects. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):6-10.
Neurofibroma of the Cheek and Nasal Dorsum: A Case Report and a Mini Review
Authors: Wadhwa Neelam , Gupta Neelima , Singh PP , Rai Ashish , Kaur Ramandeep 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTNeurofibroma is a benign neoplasm derived from peripheral nerves. Most of these are associated with neurofibromatosis but may also occur as solitary lesions. When found in the neck, they are often located in the soft tissues. They are slow-growing masses, often asymptomatic and have been found most commonly in the oral cavity. We report a case of neurofibroma involving two separate and unusual sites of face, which are subcutaneous tissues of the cheek and dorsum of nose, and present a brief review of literature.How to cite this articleGupta N, Kaur R, Rai A, Wadhwa N, Singh PP. Neurofibroma of the Cheek and Nasal Dorsum: A Case Report and a Mini Review. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):62-64.
Empty Follicular Syndrome: Understanding Controversial Entity
Authors: Choudhary Sumesh D 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Empty follicular syndrome (EFS) is defined as the failure to retrieve oocytes from mature ovarian follicles after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for in vitro fertilization (IVF). There are two types of EFS—genuine and false EFS. In genuine EFS, there is failure to retrieve oocytes from mature ovarian follicles after COH for IVF after apparently normal follicular development and steroidogenesis in the presence of optimum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, whereas in false EFS, there is failure to retrieve oocytes in the presence of low β-hCG levels. Whatever may be the cause of EFS, these patients should be counseled regarding its possibility of recurrence and future poor prognosis. However, different IVF treatment methods in subsequent cycles could modulate the response with successful oocyte recovery in such cases.

How to cite this article
Choudhary SD, Mishra V. Empty Follicular Syndrome: Understanding Controversial Entity. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):113-117.
An Unusual Case of Twin Pregnancy associated with Rudimentary Horn Rupture
Authors: Ahmed Armeen , Nanda Anuja , Gupta Vineeta , Tandon Archna 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Twin pregnancy in association with rudimentary horn pregnancy is extremely rare and more so in spontaneous conceptions. Rudimentary horn pregnancy coexistent with an intrauterine pregnancy usually results in rupture of the rudimentary horn and death of the correspondent twin. We report an unusual case of twin pregnancy following spontaneous conception in association with rudimentary horn rupture.

How to cite this article
Gupta V, Nanda A, Tandon A, Ahmed A. An Unusual Case of Twin Pregnancy associated with Rudimentary Horn Rupture. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):123-124.
Cesarean-section Delivery of Full-term Ectopic Pregnancy in Broad Ligament
Authors: Sharma Vandna , Tyagi Archana , Sharma Abhimanyu 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Broad ligament pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Such pregnancy reaching term with favorable fetal outcome is even rarer. We describe a case of secondary extraperitoneal ectopic pregnancy diagnosed on laparotomy with favorable fetomaternal outcome.

How to cite this article
Sharma V, Tyagi A, Sharma A. Cesarean- section Delivery of Full-term Ectopic Pregnancy in Broad Ligament. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):133-134.
Placenta Accreta: A Review of the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Zalud Ivica , Goh William 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The incidence of placenta accreta is rising, primarily due to the increase in cesarean section rates. The prenatal diagnosis of placenta accretas has been shown to decrease the amount of blood loss and complications. Real-time ultrasound is helpful for diagnosing placenta accreta, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can increase the sensitivity of prenatal diagnosis. Postpartum hysterectomy for placenta accreta has been the standard of therapy for placenta accreta, but conservative management including uterine artery embolization, and leaving the placenta in situ may be considered in patients who want to preserve their fertility. The etiology of placenta accreta is due to a deficiency of maternal decidua, resulting in placenta invasion into the uterine myometrium. The molecular basis is yet to be elucidated, but it probably involves abnormal paracrine or autocrine signaling between the deficient maternal decidua and the invading placenta trophoblastic tissue.

How to cite this article
Goh W, Zalud I. Placenta Accreta: A Review of the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):352-363.
Assessment and Comparison of Salivary Survivin Biomarker in Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus, and Oral Cancer: A Comparative Study
Authors: Garg Ruchika , Shetti Arvind V , Bagewadi Anjana S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity. It is preceded by various potentially malignant conditions like oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus. Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis whose levels have been found increased in oral cancer as well as various potentially malignant conditions. Thus survivin can act as a biomarker and help in early detection of potentially malignant conditions which can prevent its transformation into malignancy.

Aim
To assess and compare the level of total human salivary survivin in oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral cancer, and control group.

Materials and methods
A total of 96 subjects were included in the study, which were further grouped into 24 in each group. The saliva was analyzed for survivin level among all the four groups. Survivin concentration (pg/mL) was studied in relation to clinical data.
The results were analyzed using Mann—Whitney U test to derive the statistical difference.

Results
The average of levels of survivin in control group was 0.199 pg/mL, in oral leukoplakia group 0.312 pg/mL, in oral lichen planus group 0.380 pg/mL, and in oral cancer group 0.430 pg/mL. A comparison of all these groups revealed statistically significant difference among the groups.

Conclusion
Survivin may not be considered as an independent predictor of the malignant transformation for premalignant lesions but it can be an indicator for an increased risk of malignant transformation.

How to cite this article
Garg R, Shetti AV, Bagewadi AS. Assessment and Comparison of Salivary Survivin Biomarker in Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus, and Oral Cancer: A Comparative Study. World J Dent 2017;8(2):73-76.
An in vitro Comparative Study to evaluate the Marginal Fit of Castings using Ring and Ringless Casting Techniques with varying Sprue Diameter
Authors: Balakrishnan Dhanasekar , George Vinu T , Dutta Tanuka , Narayan Aparna Ichalangod 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The ultimate success of fixed prosthesis is to pay meticulous attention to the detailed production of the missing tooth structure. Such an accurate replication is technically demanding. Hence, the aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of marginal fit of castings with varying sprue diameter and using ring and ringless techniques.

Materials and methods
Forty standardized wax copings were fabricated on a stainless steel die and divided into two groups. The first group was cast using the metal ring investment technique; the second group was cast using the ringless investment technique. Both the groups were further divided into two groups, each based on the diameter of the sprue (groups I and III: 4.5 mm and groups II and IV: 2.5 mm). The vertical marginal gap was measured at three sites per specimen, using a digital optical microscope at ×100 magnification. The results were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and independent t-test to determine statistical significance.

Results
The vertical marginal gaps of castings fabricated using the ringless technique (0.145 ± 0.072 mm) were significantly less (p < 0.001) than those castings fabricated using the conventional metal ring technique (0.264 ± 0.100 mm); however, the vertical marginal gaps of the 2.5 mm sprue diameter (0.199 ± 0.092 mm) and 4.5 mm sprue diameter (0.211 ± 0.118 mm) castings were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was also statistically significant interaction (p < 0.001) between group IIA (0.120 ± 0.038 mm) and group IA (0.302 ± 0.098 mm), which was analyzed using the independent t-test.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that the ringless casting technique in comparison to metal ring technique produces metal castings of better marginal adaptation. Furthermore, the sprue diameter had significant difference wherein the 4.5 mm diameter produced the least vertical discrepancies in the ringless casting technique and 2.5 mm produced lesser vertical discrepancies in the metal ring.

Clinical significance
One of the key factors that decides the success of a metal-ceramic restoration is the marginal fit. The accurate fit of the restoration greatly minimizes the plaque accumulation, offers good mechanical properties, and reduces micro-leakage and development of secondary caries. The techniques of casting procedure and sprue diameter can have an influence on the outcome. Hence, the current research was undertaken to study the influence of these factors on marginal fit.

How to cite this article
Dutta T, George VT, Balakrishnan D, Narayan AI. An in vitro Comparative Study to evaluate the Marginal Fit of Castings using Ring and Ringless Casting Techniques with Varying Sprue Diameter. World J Dent 2017;8(2):109-113.
Mandibular Canine Calcification as Skeletal Maturity Indicator
Authors: Vijayalakshmi K , Sathiasekar G Suresh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
The purpose of the study was to verify the relationship between mandibular canine calcification and skeletal maturity, and mandibular canine calcification could be used as a first-level diagnostic tool to estimate the timing of the pubertal growth spurt.

Materials and methods
Data were obtained from hand—wrist radiographs and intraoral periapical radiographs of left mandibular canine. Totally, 221 boys and 191 girls, the age ranging from 7 to 15 years, were selected to depict varying stages of growth. Kappa and t test statistics were applied. Skeletal age was determined as described by Greulich and Pyle, and the maturational patterns of the indicators were evaluated using the 11-grade system of Fishman. The stages from E to H as described by Demirjian's stages of dental calcification were taken in this study instead of A to H.

Results
The epiphyseal widening for boys at 8.1 years and girls at 7.7 years, the ossification of the adductor sesamoid for boys at 12.2 years and for girls at 11.6 years, capping of epiphysis for boys at 11 years and for girls at 10 years, fusion of epiphysis in distal and middle phalanx in the third finger for boys at 13.8 years and for girls at 12.7 years, and fusion of epiphysis in the radius for boys at 14.4 years and for girls at 13 years were seen.
The relationship between the various stages of calcification of mandibular canine with skeletal age are as follows:

Boys: Stage E at 6.4, stage F at 8.9 years, stage G at 10.9, and stage H at 14 years
Girls: Stage E at 6.1, stage F at 8.2 years, stage G at 10.46, and stage H at 12.94 years.

The results showed stages E and F were coincident with the epiphyseal widening in the third finger proximal and middle phalanx and middle phalanx of the fifth finger. Stage G was coincident with the ossification of adductor sesamoid, capping of third finger middle phalanx, distal phalanx, and fifth finger middle phalanx, indicating its association with the accelerative phase of growth. Stage H was coincident with a fusion of proximal, middle, distal phalanx of the third finger, and fusion of radius, indicating its association with the decelerative phase of growth. Stage G was an ideal time for any orthodontic treatment, particularly functional appliances.

Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, a close association existed between mandibular canine calcification stages and skeletal maturity indicators.

How to cite this article
Vijayalakshmi K, Sathiasekar GS. Mandibular Canine Calcification as Skeletal Maturity Indicator. World J Dent 2017;8(2):119-128.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Home Remedies for Toothbrush Decontamination using Vinegar and Vinegar with Common Salt
Authors: Rao Arathi , Mavani Vinay , Y Mahabala Karuna , Suman Ethel , Anupama Nayak P 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of the study was to evaluate if vinegar and vinegar with 3.5% sodium chloride could be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine gluconate for disinfection of toothbrushes.Materials and methodsThe study consisted of three groups: group I: 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, group II: 38% white vinegar, and group III: 38% white vinegar with 3.5% sodium chloride. Two new toothbrushes were cultured to check their sterility before use. Eight children in the age group of 6 to 12 years were given oral hygiene instructions and four sets of oral hygiene kits. At the end of the 1st week, one set of used toothbrushes was cultured to check for total viable count. Again at the end of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sets of brushes were collected, subjected to respective decontamination treatment for 12 hours, and then cultured for microbial analyses. The obtained data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.ResultsIn group I, three out of eight brushes showed 1 to 10,000 colonies, in group II, one out of eight cases showed >10,000 colonies and two out of eight showed 1 to 10,000 colonies, and in group III, all the eight cases showed no colonies upon culturing.ConclusionOut of all the tested decontaminating agents, combination of 38% white vinegar and 3.5% sodium chloride was found to be the most efficient.Clinical significanceToothbrushes become contaminated upon use and act as a reservoir for microorganisms. Thus, toothbrush decontamination should become a routine practice. Testing the disinfecting efficacy of vinegar and common salt is, thus, beneficial as they are available in every kitchen.How to cite this articleMavani V, Mahabala KY, Suman E, Natarajan S, Nayak PA, Srikrishna SB, Rao A. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Home Remedies for Toothbrush Decontamination using Vinegar and Vinegar with Common Salt. World J Dent 2018;9(1):19-23.