bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic stress disorder in disaster workers
and emergency personnel
Authors: Pawłowski Witold , Lasota Dorota , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Goniewicz Mariusz 
Published: March 2019

The problem of stress and disorders occurring in a team (traumatic stress) is the subject of numerous scientific studies in relation to victims of traffic accidents, rape, acts of terrorism and war. The research on this overlooked subject concerns specific professions such as the military, police, fire brigades and rescue medical teams. The aim of this research is to analyze the mechanisms leading to increased susceptibility to stress and predisposing factors for the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its specific features among people working in emergency medical teams.
Photochemistry on the bottom side of the mesospheric Na layer
Authors: Yuan Tao , Feng Wuhu , Plane John M. C. , Marsh Daniel R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Lidar observations of the mesospheric Na layer have revealed considerable
diurnal variations, particularly on the bottom side of the layer, where more
than an order-of-magnitude increase in Na density has been observed below 80 km
after sunrise. In this paper, multi-year Na lidar observations are
utilized over a full diurnal cycle at Utah State University (USU) (41.8∘ N,
111.8∘ W) and a global atmospheric model of Na with 0.5 km
vertical resolution in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (WACCM-Na) to explore
the dramatic changes of Na density on the bottom side of the layer. Photolysis of the principal reservoir NaHCO3 is shown to be
primarily responsible for the increase in Na after sunrise, amplified by the
increased rate of reaction of NaHCO3 with atomic H, which is mainly
produced from the photolysis of H2O and the reaction of OH with
O3. This finding is further supported by Na lidar observation at USU
during the solar eclipse (>96 % totality) event on 21 August 2017, when a decrease and recovery of the Na density on the
bottom side of the layer were observed. Lastly, the model simulation shows
that the Fe density below around 80 km increases more strongly and earlier
than observed Na changes during sunrise because of the considerably faster
photolysis rate of its major reservoir of FeOH.
Forging a Consistent Vision: The People Who Shaped Manchester's Renewal, 1964–2014
Authors: Holland Dan 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
This article examines how Pittsburgh's Manchester neighborhood, a historic African American community located on the city's North Side, fought against macroeconomic forces and internal challenges to stabilize its population, improve its physical environment, and stimulate private investment over the course of fifty years, from 1964 through 2014. Manchester's transformation was the product of three key factors: (1) capacity in the form of strong, sustained leadership; (2) fealty to a long-term vision of the neighborhood as a stable and upwardly mobile African American community; and (3) control over land and resources, especially the involvement of the private sector, to bring the vision to life. These elements—leadership, vision, and resources—separated Manchester from other black neighborhoods as it became a national model for community revitalization over the course of fifty years.
Incontinencia Pigmenti. Presentación de un Caso
Authors: Aldana Raudales Alejandra , Corea Dulce María , Caballero Castro. Héctor Rubén 
Published: March 2019

La incontinentia pigmenti es una genodermatosis que afecta la pigmentación de la piel y suele estar asociada con una gran variedad de alteraciones en ojos, uñas, pelo, dientes, esqueleto, corazón y sistema nervioso central. La mayoría de los casos de incontinencia pigmenti se producen en forma esporádica como resultado de una mutación de novo consistente en la deleción de gran parte del gen NEMO (Nuclear Factor Kappa B Essential Modifier).
Se presenta una paciente de 6 años de edad con lesiones hiperpigmentadas siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko. No tiene antecedentes durante el periodo perinatal, nació vía vaginal sin complicaciones, con un desarrollo cognitivo normal para su edad, sin afectación neurológica, lo cual llama la atención pues aunque esta enfermedad afecta principalmente a la piel, hay que considerar otros trastornos asociados, incluyendo defectos dentales, episodios convulsivos, retraso mental, anomalías oculares y neoplasias infantiles.
Palabras claveIncontinencia pigmenti, informes de casos
Toxicological Effects and Histopathological Alterations of Diazinon and Alpha Cypermethrin on Male Albino Rats
Authors: Hammad Maher A. , Ziada Reem M. 
Published: March 2019

Background: In Egypt, risk assessment of pesticides usage and pesticides misuse to protect plants and increase productivity connected with health hazards and pollution problems have been of public interest. Around the world three million acute poisoning cases from pesticide exposure annually report.
Aim of study was to investigate the histopathological alterations, biochemical and genotoxicity adverse effects of synthetic insecticides Diazinon (organophosphorus) and alpha cypermethrin (pyrethroid) which are using for agricultural and public health applications on male albino rats.
Methods: Twenty one albino rats were detached into control and two experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with Diazinon (DIZ) and Alpha-cypermethrin (α-CYP) at sub-lethal dose (1/10 LD50 36.51 and 1.4 mg/kg body weight, respectively) by oral treatment for consecutively 28-days. The male albino rats in control treatment were put in similar surrounding conditions and treated with 5 ml /Kg tap water. Albino rats were killed after completing exposure of 28-days, liver and brain samples were dissected out for processing and sectioning examinations.
Results: The obtained results revealed that both tested insecticides induced oxidative damage as appearance by a significant raise in malondialdehyde (MDA) indicating lipid peroxidation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage indicating genotoxicity in the liver and brain. Besides, increase in GSH level and decline in enzymatic antioxidants (GST, CAT, SOD) activities were observed in liver. Marked increase was noticed in GSH levels and GST activity in brain whereas CAT and SOD antioxidant enzymes activity were significantly reduced. Histopathological studies in brain and liver revealed multiplied focal hepatic necrosis, hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes and portal infiltration inflammatory cells in the liver. Necrosis of neurons, neuronophagia, focal gliosis and cellular oedema, congestion of cerebral blood vessel were noticed in the brain of exposed rats.
Conclusion: The histopathological examination of brain and liver tissues and oxidative damage biomarkers showed adverse effects of DIZ or α-CYP insecticides at the tested dose (1/10 LD50).
Fungitoxic Potentials of Extracts of Plant Origin against Fugal Root Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Storage
Authors: Amadioha A. C. , Chidi Kenkwo Promise , Markson A. A. 
Published: March 2019

Investigations were carried out on the use of the water and ethanolic extracts of Piper guineense, Ocimum graticimum, Casia alata, and Tagetes erecta in the management of postharvest deterioration of cassava root caused by Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer. Water and ethanolic extracts of the plant materials had significant differences (p≤0.5) in their rates of fungitoxicity on the pathogenic organisms. Water and ethanol extracts of C. alata and T. erecta respectively at 50% concentration gave the same highest radial growth inhibition of 80.20% on A. flavus in vitro followed by ethanol extracts of C. alata, O. graticimum, and P. guineense. The ethanolic extract of T. erecta at 50% concentration gave the highest inhibitory effect of 53.50% on R. stolonifer followed by ethanol extracts of C. alata, O. graticimum, and P. guineense whereas the least growth inhibition of 0.17% was recorded by aqueous extract of P. guineense on R. stolonifer. In vivo test of the plant extracts applied before and after inoculation with spore suspension (1x105 spores/ml of distilled water) of test fungi showed significant reduction in root rot incidence and severity. The lowest incidence and severity of cassava root rot of 16.5% and 1.45 respectively were recorded with T. erecta ethanol extracts applied before inoculation of A. flavus indicating that the extracts of the plant materials could be better used as protectant than eradicant in the control of post harvest fungal deterioration of cassava root. R. stolonifer showed stronger resistance to the extracts of the plant materials than A. flavus during pathogenesis in vivo.
Tuberculosis-Candida Co-Infection in Patients having Pulmonary Tuberculosis Attending DOTs Clinic in Rumuigbo Model Primary Health Centre in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Hanson Asikiya , Enoch Amala Smart , Wokem Gloria N. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Some pulmonary tuberculosis subjects were some co-infected with Candida such as C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. kruezi and C. paraspsilosis which were initially thought to be normal floras of the oral cavity. The percentage of tuberculosis patients co-infected with Candida is becoming a concern and might complicate the treatment of tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 400 sputum samples were collected and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique and Genexpert system, Gram’s stain, Germ tube test and examination in KOH preparation were conducted. Culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with gentamicin, and cultured on CHROMagar Candida and sugar fermentation were carried out for Candida.
Results: Out of the 400 sputum samples examined 93(23.3%) had TB and 32(8.0%) were positive for Candida. By gender the prevalence of tuberculosis were females 51(22.4%), males 42(24.4%) while the prevalence of Candida were females 18(35.3%) and males 14(33.3%). The percentage occurrences of Candida sp. isolated were C. albicans which was the predominant species 10(21.5%), C. tropicals 5(5.4%), C. krusei 4(4.3%) and C. Parapsilosis 3(3.2%) respectively.
Conclusion: Candida albicans remains the most predominant species of Candida in patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and colonization by Candida sp should not be ignored. The presence of Candida sp. might contribute to in one way to the progression of the disease.
Genomic characterization and Phylogenetic analysis of Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) from Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan M. M. , Meah M. B. , Sano Y. 
Published: March 2019

Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) has frequently emerged as a severe problem for tomato in the recent past, in the tropical and subtropical region of the world. We have cloned and sequenced two isolates of ToLCV responsible for the leaf curl disease of tomato in Bangladesh. Two betasatellite DNAs were associated with ToLCV, and complete nucleotide sequences were determined. The complete genome sequences of ToLCV-[BD:Mym:11] and ToLCV-[BD:Mym2:11] shared the highest nucleotide sequence identities at 95.04 and 92.38%, respectively, with Indian isolate of Tomato leaf curl virus - [India:Ranchi:2007] (ToLCV-[IN:Ran:07]) and Tomato leaf curl Patna virus - [India:Lucknow:2009] (ToLCPatV-[IN:PLuc:09]). Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of the two betasatellite clones, tomato leaf curl betasatellite – [BD:Mym:11] and tomato leaf curl betasatellite – [BD:Mym2:11] associated with (ToLCV-[BD:Mym:11] and (ToLCV-[BD:Mym2:11], when used in BLAST searches respectively revealed 95.51 and 86.43% identity with Tomato leaf curl Bangladesh betasatellite (ToLCBDB-[BD-Gaz-01]) and Tomato leaf curl Patna betasatellite (ToLCPaB-[IN-Pat-07]).
Buruli Ulcer (Acha-ere): Pathogenesis and Manifestation
Authors: Onwuchekwa Elendu C. , G. Ekeleme Uzochukwu , Onu-Osi Oliver , Osezele Okonudo P. 
Published: March 2019

Infection of subcutaneous tissue with Mycobacterium ulcerans can lead to chronic skin ulceration known as Buruli ulcer. It has been reported in over 33 countries around the world, the greatest burden of disease is in the tropical regions of West and Central Africa, Australia, and Japan. It primarily affects children aged 5-15 years. Buruli ulcers generally begin as a painless dermal papule or subcutaneous edematous nodule, which over a period of weeks to months, breaks down to form an extensive necrotic ulcer with undermined edges. The pathogenesis of this neglected tropical disease is dependent on a lipidlike toxin, mycolactone, which diffuses through tissue away from the infecting organisms and elucidate its cytotoxic and immunosuppressive properties. The underlying molecular targets for mycolactone are: First, it can target scaffolding proteins (such as Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein), which control actin dynamics in adherent cells and therefore lead to detachment and cell death. Second, it prevents the co-translational translocation (and therefore production) of many proteins that pass through the endoplasmic reticulum for secretion or placement in cell membranes. Treatment includes a prolonged course of antibiotics and surgical debridement. Early identification and treatment are key, as lesions heal with scarring that can be a significant source of morbidity.
Zeolites and Other Micro‐ and Mesoporous Molecular Sieves
Authors: Mazur Michal , Přech Jan , Čejka Jiří 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicroporous molecular sieves are materials having outstanding impact on science, technology, and industry. The main classes of porous materials discussed here are zeolites, including 2‐D‐layered zeolites and zeolitic architectures with enhanced mass‐transfer properties. Furthermore, zeotypes, ordered mesoporous sieves, and metal‐organic frameworks are described. Traditionally, porous materials are used in many catalytic processes, for sorption, separation, ion exchange, as well as finding new applications in gas storage or drug delivery. This includes both amorphous or nonordered solids with wide pore size distribution as well as those with ordered or crystalline structures having narrow range of pore sizes. The latter have been extensively studied and developed starting with zeolites, which showed extraordinary catalytic performance in hydrocarbon conversions. This encouraged efforts to extend their application and understanding, and also to overcome particular disadvantages, such as limited pore sizes causing diffusion limitations. Moreover, the synthesis of new zeolites and related molecular sieves is of great interest owing to their potential impact on the field. This article reviews the fundamental knowledge on synthesis, characterization, and application of described solids. Finally, some perspectives and directions of the research are discussed, showing constant interests in microporous solids chemistry, especially zeolites.
5′‐End sequencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae offers new insights into 5′‐ends of tRNAHis and snoRNAs
Authors: Dodbele Samantha , Moreland Blythe , Gardner Spencer M. , Bundschuh Ralf , Jackman Jane E. 
Published: March 2019

tRNAHis guanylyltransferase (Thg1) specifies eukaryotic tRNAHis identity by catalysing a 3′–5′ non‐Watson–Crick (WC) addition of guanosine to the 5′‐end of tRNAHis. Thg1 family enzymes in Archaea and Bacteria, called Thg1‐like proteins (TLPs), catalyse a similar but distinct 3′–5′ addition in an exclusively WC‐dependent manner. Here, a genetic system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was employed to further assess the biochemical differences between Thg1 and TLPs. Utilizing a novel 5′‐end sequencing pipeline, we find that a Bacillus thuringiensis TLP sustains the growth of a thg1Δ strain by maintaining a WC‐dependent addition of U−1 across from A73. Additionally, we observe 5′‐end heterogeneity in S. cerevisiae small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), an observation that may inform methods of annotation and mechanisms of snoRNA processing.
Stereoselective C3‐substituent modification and substrate channeling by oxidoreductase BchC in bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis
Authors: Teramura Misato , Tsukatani Yusuke , Harada Jiro , Hirose Mitsuaki , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: March 2019

We report the in vitro activity of recombinant BchC oxidoreductase involved in bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis. BchC of Rhodobacter capsulatus preferentially oxidizes 31R‐3‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)‐chlorophyllide a and 31R‐3‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)‐bacteriochlorophyllide a in the presence of NAD+ to 3‐acetyl‐chlorophyllide a and bacteriochlorophyllide a, respectively, leaving the unreacted 31S‐epimers. In the reverse reaction, BchC with NADH predominately produces 31R‐epimeric alcohols from the 3‐acetyl‐(bacterio)chlorins. BchC of Chlorobaculum tepidum demonstrates the same 31R‐selectivity, suggesting that utilization of 31R‐epimers in BchC‐catalyzed reductions may be conserved across different phyla of photosynthetic bacteria. Additionally, the presence of BchC accelerates the 3‐vinyl hydration by BchF hydratase of Chlorobaculum tepidum during conversion of chlorophyllide a to 3‐acetyl‐chlorophyllide a through 3‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)‐chlorophyllide a, indicating that these enzymes work cooperatively to promote efficient bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis.
Application of Traditional and Emerging Methods for the Joint Analysis of Repeated Measurements With Time‐to‐Event Outcomes in Rheumatology
Authors: Arbeeva Liubov , Nelson Amanda E. , Alvarez Carolina , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Allen Kelli D. , Golightly Yvonne M. , Jordan Joanne M. , Callahan Leigh F. , Schwartz Todd A. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe goal of this paper is to describe approaches for the joint analysis of repeatedly measured data with time‐to‐event end points, first separately and then in the framework of a single comprehensive model, emphasizing the efficiency of the latter approach. Data from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis (JoCo OA) Project will be used as an example to investigate the relationship between the change in repeatedly measured body mass index (BMI) and the time‐to‐event end point of incident worsening of radiographic knee OA that was defined as an increased Kellgren/Lawrence grade in at least 1 knee over time.MethodsFirst, we provide an overview of the methods for analyzing repeated measurements and time‐to‐event end points separately. Then, we describe traditional (Cox proportional hazards model [CoxPH]) and emerging (joint model [JM]) approaches, both of which allow combined analysis of repeated measures with a time‐to‐event end point in the framework of a single statistical model. Finally, we apply the models to JoCo OA data and interpret and compare the results from the different approaches.ResultsApplications of the JM (but not the CoxPH) showed that the risk of worsening radiographic OA is higher when BMI is higher or increasing, thus illustrating the advantages of the JM for analyzing such dynamic measures in a longitudinal study.ConclusionJoint models are preferable for simultaneous analyses of repeated measurement and time‐to‐event outcomes, particularly in the context of chronic disease, where dependency between the time‐to‐event end point and the longitudinal trajectory of repeated measurements is inherent.
Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of a Physical Therapist–Administered Physical Activity Intervention After Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Christiansen Meredith B. , Thoma Louise M. , Master Hiral , Voinier Dana , Schmitt Laura A. , Ziegler Melissa L. , LaValley Michael P. , White Daniel K. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility, fidelity, safety, and preliminary outcomes of a physical therapist–administered physical activity (PA) intervention after total knee replacement (TKR).MethodsPeople who had undergone a unilateral TKR and were receiving outpatient physical therapy (PT) were randomized to a control or intervention group. Both groups received standard PT for TKR. The intervention included being provided with a Fitbit Zip, step goals, and 1 phone call a month for 6 months after discharge from PT. Feasibility was measured by rates of recruitment and retention, safety was measured by the frequency of adverse events, and fidelity was measured by adherence to the weekly steps/day goal created by the physical therapist and participant monitoring of steps/day. An Actigraph GT3X measured PA, which was quantified as steps/day and minutes/week of engaging in moderate‐to‐vigorous PA. Our preliminary outcome was the difference in PA 6 months after discharge from PT between the control and intervention groups.ResultsOf the 43 individuals who were enrolled, 53.4% were women, the mean ± SD age was 67.0 ± 7.0 years, and the mean ± SD body mass index was 31.5 ± 5.9 kg/m2. For both the control and intervention groups, the recruitment and retention rates were 64% and 83.7%, respectively, and adherence to the intervention ranged from 45% to 60%. No study‐related adverse events occurred. The patients in the intervention group accumulated a mean 1,798 more steps/day (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 240, 3,355) and spent 73.4 more minutes/week (95% CI –14.1, 160.9) engaging in moderate‐to‐vigorous PA at 6 months than those in the control group.ConclusionA physical therapist–administered PA intervention is feasible and safe, demonstrates treatment fidelity, and may increase PA after TKR. Future research is needed to establish the effectiveness of the intervention.
Duration of Symptom Relief and Early Trajectory of Adverse Events for Oral Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Osani Mikala C. , Vaysbrot Elizaveta E. , Zhou Mengyu , McAlindon Timothy E. , Bannuru Raveendhara R. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveDespite an extensive body of research on nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in osteoarthritis, the duration of their efficacy and timeline of adverse event (AE) onset have been understudied. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analyses from 2 to 26 weeks to characterize the efficacy and AE trajectories of oral NSAIDs in knee osteoarthritis.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database from inception to May 2018. Randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy and/or safety of Federal Drug Administration–approved NSAIDs in knee osteoarthritis patients were included. Two independent reviewers assessed quality and extracted data. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsWe included 72 randomized controlled trials (26,424 participants). NSAIDs demonstrated moderate, statistically significant effects on pain that peaked at 2 weeks (SMD –0.43 [95% CI –0.48, –0.38]), but the magnitude of the effects decreased over time. The results for function were similar. The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) AEs was significantly higher in NSAID users than placebo users as early as 4 weeks (RR 1.38 [95% CI 1.21, 1.57]). The incidence of cardiovascular (CV) AEs in NSAID users was not significantly different from placebo. Most GI and CV AEs were transient and of minor severity.ConclusionNSAIDs produced significant pain and function improvements that peaked at 2 weeks but decreased over time. The incidence of minor GI and CV AEs consistently rose, reaching significance as early as 4 weeks. Clinicians should weigh the durability of efficacy with the early onset of minor AEs along with patient tolerability and preferences when formulating an NSAID regimen.