bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental temperatures shape thermal physiology as well as diversification and genome-wide substitution rates in lizards
Authors: Garcia-Porta Joan , Irisarri Iker , Kirchner Martin , Rodríguez Ariel , Kirchhof Sebastian , Brown Jason L. , MacLeod Amy , Turner Alexander P. , Ahmadzadeh Faraham , Albaladejo Gonzalo , Crnobrnja-Isailovic Jelka , De la Riva Ignacio , Fawzi Adnane , Galán Pedro , Göçmen Bayram , Harris D. James , Jiménez-Robles Octavio , Joger Ulrich , Jovanović Glavaš Olga , Karış Mert , Koziel Giannina , Künzel Sven , Lyra Mariana , Miles Donald , Nogales Manuel , Oğuz Mehmet Anıl , Pafilis Panayiotis , Rancilhac Loïs , Rodríguez Noemí , Rodríguez Concepción Benza , Sanchez Eugenia , Salvi Daniele , Slimani Tahar , S’khifa Abderrahim , Qashqaei Ali Turk , Žagar Anamarija , Lemmon Alan , Moriarty Lemmon Emily , Carretero Miguel Angel , Carranza Salvador , Philippe Hervé , Sinervo Barry , Müller Johannes , Vences Miguel , Wollenberg Valero Katharina C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClimatic conditions changing over time and space shape the evolution of organisms at multiple levels, including temperate lizards in the family Lacertidae. Here we reconstruct a dated phylogenetic tree of 262 lacertid species based on a supermatrix relying on novel phylogenomic datasets and fossil calibrations. Diversification of lacertids was accompanied by an increasing disparity among occupied bioclimatic niches, especially in the last 10 Ma, during a period of progressive global cooling. Temperate species also underwent a genome-wide slowdown in molecular substitution rates compared to tropical and desert-adapted lacertids. Evaporative water loss and preferred temperature are correlated with bioclimatic parameters, indicating physiological adaptations to climate. Tropical, but also some populations of cool-adapted species experience maximum temperatures close to their preferred temperatures. We hypothesize these species-specific physiological preferences may constitute a handicap to prevail under rapid global warming, and contribute to explaining local lizard extinctions in cool and humid climates.
Interleukin-36 cytokines alter the intestinal microbiome and can protect against obesity and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Giannoudaki Eirini , Hernandez-Santana Yasmina E. , Mulfaul Kelly , Doyle Sarah L. , Hams Emily , Fallon Padraic G. , Mat Arimin , O’Shea Donal , Kopf Manfred , Hogan Andrew E. , Walsh Patrick T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMembers of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family are important mediators of obesity and metabolic disease and have been described to often play opposing roles. Here we report that the interleukin-36 (IL-36) subfamily can play a protective role against the development of disease. Elevated IL-36 cytokine expression is found in the serum of obese patients and negatively correlates with blood glucose levels among those presenting with type 2 diabetes. Mice lacking IL-36Ra, an IL-36 family signalling antagonist, develop less diet-induced weight gain, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. These protective effects correlate with increased abundance of the metabolically protective bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila in the intestinal microbiome. IL-36 cytokines promote its outgrowth as well as increased colonic mucus secretion. These findings identify a protective role for IL-36 cytokines in obesity and metabolic disease, adding to the current understanding of the role the broader IL-1 family plays in regulating disease pathogenesis.
Tracking the ultrafast motion of an antiferromagnetic order parameter
Authors: Tzschaschel Christian , Satoh Takuya , Fiebig Manfred 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe unique functionalities of antiferromagnets offer promising routes to advance information technology. Their compensated magnetic order leads to spin resonances in the THz-regime, which suggest the possibility to coherently control antiferromagnetic (AFM) devices orders of magnitude faster than traditional electronics. However, the required time resolution, complex sublattice interactions and the relative inaccessibility of the AFM order parameter pose serious challenges to studying AFM spin dynamics. Here, we reveal the temporal evolution of an AFM order parameter directly in the time domain. We modulate the AFM order in hexagonal YMnO3 by coherent magnon excitation and track the ensuing motion of the AFM order parameter using time-resolved optical second-harmonic generation. The dynamic symmetry reduction by the moving order parameter allows us to separate electron dynamics from spin dynamics. As transient symmetry reductions are common to coherent excitations, we have a general tool for tracking the ultrafast motion of an AFM order parameter.
Giant oscillations in a triangular network of one-dimensional states in marginally twisted graphene
Authors: Xu S. G. , Berdyugin A. I. , Kumaravadivel P. , Guinea F. , Krishna Kumar R. , Bandurin D. A. , Morozov S. V. , Kuang W. , Tsim B. , Liu S. , Edgar J. H. , Grigorieva I. V. , Fal’ko V. I. , Kim M. , Geim A. K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAt very small twist angles of ∼0.1°, bilayer graphene exhibits a strain-accompanied lattice reconstruction that results in submicron-size triangular domains with the standard, Bernal stacking. If the interlayer bias is applied to open an energy gap inside the domain regions making them insulating, such marginally twisted bilayer graphene is expected to remain conductive due to a triangular network of chiral one-dimensional states hosted by domain boundaries. Here we study electron transport through this helical network and report giant Aharonov-Bohm oscillations that reach in amplitude up to 50% of resistivity and persist to temperatures above 100 K. At liquid helium temperatures, the network exhibits another kind of oscillations that appear as a function of carrier density and are accompanied by a sign-changing Hall effect. The latter are attributed to consecutive population of the narrow minibands formed by the network of one-dimensional states inside the gap.
Gut microbiota confers host resistance to obesity by metabolizing dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Miyamoto Junki , Igarashi Miki , Watanabe Keita , Karaki Shin-ichiro , Mukouyama Hiromi , Kishino Shigenobu , Li Xuan , Ichimura Atsuhiko , Irie Junichiro , Sugimoto Yukihiko , Mizutani Tetsuya , Sugawara Tatsuya , Miki Takashi , Ogawa Jun , Drucker Daniel J. , Arita Makoto , Itoh Hiroshi , Kimura Ikuo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGut microbiota mediates the effects of diet, thereby modifying host metabolism and the incidence of metabolic disorders. Increased consumption of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is abundant in Western diet contributes to obesity and related diseases. Although gut-microbiota-related metabolic pathways of dietary PUFAs were recently elucidated, the effects on host physiological function remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that gut microbiota confers host resistance to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity by modulating dietary PUFAs metabolism. Supplementation of 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), an initial linoleic acid-related gut-microbial metabolite, attenuates HFD-induced obesity in mice without eliciting arachidonic acid-mediated adipose inflammation and by improving metabolic condition via free fatty acid receptors. Moreover, Lactobacillus-colonized mice show similar effects with elevated HYA levels. Our findings illustrate the interplay between gut microbiota and host energy metabolism via the metabolites of dietary omega-6-FAs thereby shedding light on the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders by targeting gut microbial metabolites.
Thermal cues drive plasticity of desiccation resistance in montane salamanders with implications for climate change
Authors: Riddell Eric A. , Roback Emma Y. , Wells Christina E. , Zamudio Kelly R. , Sears Michael W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganisms rely upon external cues to avoid detrimental conditions during environmental change. Rapid water loss, or desiccation, is a universal threat for terrestrial plants and animals, especially under climate change, but the cues that facilitate plastic responses to avoid desiccation are unclear. We integrate acclimation experiments with gene expression analyses to identify the cues that regulate resistance to water loss at the physiological and regulatory level in a montane salamander (Plethodon metcalfi). Here we show that temperature is an important cue for developing a desiccation-resistant phenotype and might act as a reliable cue for organisms across the globe. Gene expression analyses consistently identify regulation of stem cell differentiation and embryonic development of vasculature. The temperature-sensitive blood vessel development suggests that salamanders regulate water loss through the regression and regeneration of capillary beds in the skin, indicating that tissue regeneration may be used for physiological purposes beyond replacing lost limbs.
Translational coupling via termination-reinitiation in archaea and bacteria
Authors: Huber Madeleine , Faure Guilhem , Laass Sebastian , Kolbe Esther , Seitz Kristina , Wehrheim Christina , Wolf Yuri I. , Koonin Eugene V. , Soppa Jörg 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe genomes of many prokaryotes contain substantial fractions of gene pairs with overlapping stop and start codons (ATGA or TGATG). A potential benefit of overlapping gene pairs is translational coupling. In 720 genomes of archaea and bacteria representing all major phyla, we identify substantial, albeit highly variable, fractions of co-directed overlapping gene pairs. Various patterns are observed for the utilization of the SD motif for de novo initiation at upstream genes versus reinitiation at overlapping gene pairs. We experimentally test the predicted coupling in 9 gene pairs from the archaeonHaloferax volcaniiand 5 gene pairs from the bacteriumEscherichia coli. In 13 of 14 cases, translation of both genes is strictly coupled. Mutational analysis of SD motifs located upstream of the downstream genes indicate that the contribution of the SD to translational coupling widely varies from gene to gene. The nearly universal, abundant occurrence of overlapping gene pairs suggests that tight translational coupling is widespread in archaea and bacteria.
Hippocampal-neocortical interactions sharpen over time for predictive actions
Authors: Hindy Nicholas C. , Avery Emily W. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhen an action is familiar, we are able to anticipate how it will change the state of the world. These expectations can result from retrieval of action-outcome associations in the hippocampus and the reinstatement of anticipated outcomes in visual cortex. How does this role for the hippocampus in action-based prediction change over time? We use high-resolution fMRI and a dual-training behavioral paradigm to examine how the hippocampus interacts with visual cortex during predictive and nonpredictive actions learned either three days earlier or immediately before the scan. Just-learned associations led to comparable background connectivity between the hippocampus and V1/V2, regardless of whether actions predicted outcomes. However, three-day-old associations led to stronger background connectivity and greater differentiation between neural patterns for predictive vs. nonpredictive actions. Hippocampal prediction may initially reflect indiscriminate binding of co-occurring events, with action information pruning weaker associations and leading to more selective and accurate predictions over time.
Multi-stimuli-responsive programmable biomimetic actuator
Authors: Dong Yue , Wang Jie , Guo Xukui , Yang Shanshan , Ozen Mehmet Ozgun , Chen Peng , Liu Xin , Du Wei , Xiao Fei , Demirci Utkan , Liu Bi-Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUntethered small actuators have various applications in multiple fields. However, existing small-scale actuators are very limited in their intractability with their surroundings, respond to only a single type of stimulus and are unable to achieve programmable structural changes under different stimuli. Here, we present a multiresponsive patternable actuator that can respond to humidity, temperature and light, via programmable structural changes. This capability is uniquely achieved by a fast and facile method that was used to fabricate a smart actuator with precise patterning on a graphene oxide film by hydrogel microstamping. The programmable actuator can mimic the claw of a hawk to grab a block, crawl like an inchworm, and twine around and grab the rachis of a flower based on their geometry. Similar to the large- and small-scale robots that are used to study locomotion mechanics, these small-scale actuators can be employed to study movement and biological and living organisms.
Bridging of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages across sexual networks in the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis era
Authors: Williamson Deborah A. , Chow Eric P. F. , Gorrie Claire L. , Seemann Torsten , Ingle Danielle J. , Higgins Nasra , Easton Marion , Taiaroa George , Grad Yonatan H. , Kwong Jason C. , Fairley Christopher K. , Chen Marcus Y. , Howden Benjamin P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhole genome sequencing (WGS) has been used to investigate transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but to date, most studies have not combined genomic data with detailed information on sexual behaviour to define the extent of transmission across population risk groups (bridging). Here, through combined epidemiological and genomic analysis of 2,186N. gonorrhoeae isolates from Australia, we show widespread transmission of N. gonorrhoeae within and between population groups. We describe distinct transmission clusters associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexuals, and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) are identified as a possible bridging population between these groups. Further, the study identifies transmission of N. gonorrhoeae between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Our data highlight several groups that can be targeted for interventions aimed at improving gonorrhoea control, including returning travellers, sex workers, and PrEP users.
Comparative genomics reveals the origin of fungal hyphae and multicellularity
Authors: Kiss Enikő , Hegedüs Botond , Virágh Máté , Varga Torda , Merényi Zsolt , Kószó Tamás , Bálint Balázs , Prasanna Arun N. , Krizsán Krisztina , Kocsubé Sándor , Riquelme Meritxell , Takeshita Norio , Nagy László G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHyphae represent a hallmark structure of multicellular fungi. The evolutionary origins of hyphae and of the underlying genes are, however, hardly known. By systematically analyzing 72 complete genomes, we here show that hyphae evolved early in fungal evolution probably via diverse genetic changes, including co-option and exaptation of ancient eukaryotic (e.g. phagocytosis-related) genes, the origin of new gene families, gene duplications and alterations of gene structure, among others. Contrary to most multicellular lineages, the origin of filamentous fungi did not correlate with expansions of kinases, receptors or adhesive proteins. Co-option was probably the dominant mechanism for recruiting genes for hypha morphogenesis, while gene duplication was apparently less prevalent, except in transcriptional regulators and cell wall - related genes. We identified 414 novel gene families that show correlated evolution with hyphae and that may have contributed to its evolution. Our results suggest that hyphae represent a unique multicellular organization that evolved by limited fungal-specific innovations and gene duplication but pervasive co-option and modification of ancient eukaryotic functions.
p97 regulates GluA1 homomeric AMPA receptor formation and plasma membrane expression
Authors: Ge Yuan , Tian Meng , Liu Lidong , Wong Tak Pan , Gong Bo , Wu Dongchuan , Cho Taesup , Lin Shujun , Kast Jürgen , Lu Jie , Wang Yu Tian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid subtype glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate the fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain and are important for synaptic plasticity. In particular, the rapid insertion of the GluA1 homomeric (GluA1-homo) AMPARs into the postsynaptic membrane is considered to be critical in the expression of hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP), which is important for certain forms of learning and memory. However, how the formation and trafficking of GluA1-homo AMPARs are regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we report that p97 specifically interacts with and promotes the formation of GluA1-homo AMPARs. The association with p97 retains GluA1-homo AMPARs in the intracellular compartment under basal conditions, and its dissociation allows GluA1-homo AMPARs to be rapidly inserted into the postsynaptic membrane shortly after LTP induction. Thus, our results shed lights into the molecular mechanisms by which p97 regulates GluA1-homo AMPARs formation and trafficking, thereby playing a critical role in mediating synaptic plasticity.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling generates OFF selectivity in a simple visual circuit
Authors: Qin Bo , Humberg Tim-Henning , Kim Anna , Kim Hyong S. , Short Jacob , Diao Fengqiu , White Benjamin H. , Sprecher Simon G. , Yuan Quan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractON and OFF selectivity in visual processing is encoded by parallel pathways that respond to either light increments or decrements. Despite lacking the anatomical features to support split channels, Drosophila larvae effectively perform visually-guided behaviors. To understand principles guiding visual computation in this simple circuit, we focus on investigating the physiological properties and behavioral relevance of larval visual interneurons. We find that the ON vs. OFF discrimination in the larval visual circuit emerges through light-elicited cholinergic signaling that depolarizes a cholinergic interneuron (cha-lOLP) and hyperpolarizes a glutamatergic interneuron (glu-lOLP). Genetic studies further indicate that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR)/Gαo signaling produces the sign-inversion required for OFF detection in glu-lOLP, the disruption of which strongly impacts both physiological responses of downstream projection neurons and dark-induced pausing behavior. Together, our studies identify the molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying ON vs. OFF discrimination in the Drosophila larval visual system.
Low-carbon innovation induced by emissions trading in China
Authors: Zhu Junming , Fan Yichun , Deng Xinghua , Xue Lan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEmissions trading scheme (ETS) has been adopted by an increasing number of countries and regions for carbon mitigation, but its actual effect depends on specific program design and institutional context. Before launching the world largest ETS, China experimented with seven independent regional pilots, whose effects are only indirectly explored. Here we provide firm-level evidence of the innovation effect directly from China’s pilot emissions trading, based on latest patenting information and a quasi-experimental design. China’s pilots increase low-carbon innovation of ETS firms by 5–10% without crowding out their other technology innovation. The increase from ETS firms accounts for about 1% increase of the regional low-carbon patents, while a similar increase from large non-ETS firms is also induced by the ETS. Most importantly, the effect is not associated with permit price, auction, or firm characteristics, but is driven by mass-based allowance allocation. A rate-based approach, however, is adopted by China’s national market.
Definition of ideal configuration for femoral neck screw fixation in older people
Authors: Guo Jialiang , Dong Weichong , Qin Shiji , Zhang Yingze 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFemoral neck fractures are the most common injuries encountered by older individuals, and they are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Internal fixation to femoral neck fracture with cannulated screws placed with a configuration of an inverted triangle remain a feasible and effective treatment for femoral neck fractures. The objection of this research was to evaluate the femoral neck morphology, especially the shape of the femoral neck in Chinese people to find the optimal screw position and interval between the screws. 96 consecutive normal subjects without any previous proximal femur operation were reviewed. The patients’ information were collected from our database. The minimum of neck canal height (NCHM), neck canal width (NCWM) and inclination angle (AIA and PIA) were measured in different level. There was a significant difference between the AIA and PIA, neck canal height at inferior and superior 1/3 on posterior wall (NCHIP and NCHSP). Although there was a significant difference between the neck canal height at inferior and superior 1/3 on anterior wall (NCHIA and NCHSA, p < 0.001), but the changes were small. The shape of the anterior wall was perpendicular to the horizon and almost parallel with the FNA. In contrast, the shape of the posterior wall resembled a reverse question mark. The inverse triangular fixation was in accordance with the morphology of the femoral neck, and triangular fixation had a high risk of perforation, which may lead to nonunion and avascular necrosis. The anterior screw can be inserted easily with the help of a C-ARM, and the posterior screw positioned mildly posterior to the femoral shaft axis is recommended.
Silver ions promote blebs growth in U251 glioblastoma cell by activating nonselective cationic currents
Authors: Ragonese Francesco , Monarca Lorenzo , Bastioli Federica , Arcuri Cataldo , Mancinelli Loretta , Fioretti Bernard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive human brain cancer with low prognosis and therefore the discovery of new anticancer agents is needful. Sulfydryl reagents, such as silver, have been shown to induce membrane vesiculation in several cellular models through a mechanism that has not been yet completely clarified. Using U251 glioblastoma cells, we observed that silver induced irreversible bleb formation of the plasma membrane. This morphological event was anticipated by an increase of intracellular Ca2+ associated to extracellular Ca2+ influx. Accordingly, using patch-clamp whole cell recording during silver ion application, inward current/s (IAg) at −90 mV were detected and cells were permeable to Ca2+ and monovalent ions such as Na+. IAg activation and the intracellular Ca2+ increase promoted by silver ions (Ag+) were prevented by co-application of 20 µM cysteine and 300 µM DIDS (4,4′-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid), suggesting a critical role of thiol groups in the biological effects of silver ions. IAg was partially inhibited by 1 mM Gd3+, an unspecific inhibitor of cationic currents. Cysteine, Gd3+ and extracellular free Ca2+ solution completely abolished blebbing formation promoted by Ag+. Furthermore, extracellular Na+ ion replacement with TEA or an increase of extracellular tonicity by sucrose (100 mM) reduced both size and growth of membrane blebbing. Our data suggest that Ag+ promotes the formation necrotic blebs as consequence of the increase of intracellular Ca2+ and intracellular hydrostatic pressure associated to the activation of cationic currents. Since silver-induced blebs were less evident in benign glial human Müller MIO-M1 cells, silver compounds could represent new adjuvant to anticancer agents to improve GBM therapies.