bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune hepatitis according to treatment response in Asian country
Authors: Choi Jonggi , Choi Gwang Hyeon , Lee Danbi , Shim Ju Hyun , Lim Young‐Suk , Lee Han Chu , Chung Young‐Hwa , Lee Yung‐Sang , Kim Kang Mo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsAs surrogate markers for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are convenient to measure under immunosuppression. However, the long‐term prognosis of patients who achieve complete biochemical remission (CBR) in comparison with patients who achieve only biochemical remission (BR) is uncertain.MethodsA total of 291 patients (89.7% female) diagnosed with AIH were retrospectively reviewed. CBR was defined as normal ALT and IgG levels with immunosuppression, while BR was defined as normal ALT levels. CBR was further divided into early CBR (<1year) and late CBR (≥1year) by the timing of remission. Liver‐related adverse outcomes including liver‐related death, liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated.ResultsWith immunosuppressive treatment, 222 (76.3%) patients achieved CBR (early CBR: 168 and late CBR: 54). BR was achieved in 55 (18.9%) patients and 14 (4.8%) patients remained non‐remission. With a median follow‐up duration of 6.6 years, the risk of liver‐related mortality was the lowest in patients with CBR, followed by patients with late CBR, BR and non‐response. The cumulative risk of liver‐related adverse outcomes was the highest in patients with non‐response (8.51/100 person‐years [PYs]), followed by BR (1.95/100 PYs), late CBR (1.89/100 PYs) and early CBR (0.75/100 PYs). By multivariable analysis, age, cirrhosis and treatment responses were independently associated with liver‐related adverse outcomes.ConclusionsPatients with CBR within 1 year after treatment initiation had the lowest risk of liver‐related adverse outcomes. Patients with late CBR and those with only BR had a comparable risk of long‐term outcomes.
Differential impact of severe familial hypercholesterolemia on regional skeletal muscle and organ blood flows during exercise: Effects of PDE5 inhibition
Authors: Aragonez Christian G. , de Beer Vincent J. , Tharp Darla L. , Bowles Douglas K. , Laughlin M. Harold , Merkus Daphne , Duncker Dirk J. , Bender Shawn B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveSwine with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) exhibit attenuated exercise‐induced systemic vasodilation that is restored by phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition. Whether the impacts of FH and PDE5 inhibition to impair and restore exercise‐induced vasodilation, respectively, results from tissue‐specific or generalized effects remains unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that FH induces generalized impairment of skeletal muscle vasodilation that would be alleviated by PDE5 inhibition.MethodsSystemic vascular responses to exercise were assessed in chronically instrumented normal and FH swine before and after PDE5 inhibition with EMD360527. Skeletal muscle and organ blood flows and conductances were determined via the microsphere technique.ResultsAs previously reported, vs normal swine, FH swine have pronounced elevation of total cholesterol and impaired exercise‐induced vasodilation that is restored by PDE5 inhibition. Blood flows to several, not all, skeletal muscle vascular beds were severely impaired by FH associated with reduced blood flow to many visceral organs. PDE5 inhibition differentially impacted skeletal muscle and organ blood flows in normal and FH swine.ConclusionsThese data indicate that FH induces regional, not generalized, vasomotor dysfunction and that FH and normal swine exhibit unique tissue blood flow responses to PDE5 inhibition thereby adding to accumulating evidence of vascular bed‐specific dysfunction in co‐morbid conditions.
Productivity Growth, Human Capital and Technology Spillovers: Nonparametric Evidence for EU Regions
Authors: Badinger Harald , Egger Peter H. , Ehrlich Maximilian von 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper assesses the strength of productivity spillovers nonparametrically in a data set of 12 industries and 231 NUTS2 regions in 17 European Union member countries between 1992 and 2006. It devotes particular attention to measuring the catching up through spillovers depending on the technology gap of a unit to the industry leader and the local human capital endowment. We find evidence of a nonlinear relationship between the technology gap to the leader as well as human capital and growth in logs. Spillovers are smallest for units with a medium‐high technology gap to the leader, especially for regions where human capital endowments are low.
A comprehensive diagnostic approach to detect underlying causes of obesity in adults
Authors: van der Valk Eline S. , van den Akker Erica L.T. , Savas Mesut , Kleinendorst Lotte , Visser Jenny A. , Van Haelst Mieke M. , Sharma Arya M. , van Rossum Elisabeth F.C. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObesity is a worldwide growing problem. When confronted with obesity, many health care providers focus on direct treatment of the consequences of adiposity. We plead for adequate diagnostics first, followed by an individualized treatment. We provide experience‐based and evidence‐based practical recommendations (illustrated by clinical examples), to detect potential underlying diseases and contributing factors. Adult patients consulting a doctor for weight gain or obesity should first be clinically assessed for underlying diseases, such as monogenetic or syndromic obesity, hypothyroidism, (cyclic) Cushing syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, and hypothalamic obesity. The most important alarm symptoms for genetic obesity are early onset obesity, dysmorphic features/congenital malformations with or without intellectual deficit, behavioral problems, hyperphagia, and/or striking family history. Importantly, also common contributing factors to weight gain should be investigated, including medication (mainly psychiatric drugs, (local) corticosteroids, insulin, and specific β‐adrenergic receptor blockers), sleeping habits and quality, crash diets and yoyo‐effect, smoking cessation, and alcoholism. Other associated conditions include mental factors such as chronic stress or binge‐eating disorder and depression.Identifying and optimizing the underlying diseases, contributing factors, and other associated conditions may not only result in more effective and personalized treatment but could also reduce the social stigma for patients with obesity.
Coordination and trade‐offs between leaf and stem hydraulic traits and stomatal regulation along a spectrum of isohydry to anisohydry
Authors: Fu Xiaoli , Meinzer Frederick C. , Woodruff David R. , Liu Yan‐Yan , Smith Duncan D. , McCulloh Katherine A. , Howard Ava R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe degree of plant iso/anisohydry, a widely used framework for classifying species‐specific hydraulic strategies, integrates multiple components of the whole‐plant hydraulic pathway. However, little is known about how it associates with coordination of functional and structural traits within and across different organs. We examined stem and leaf hydraulic capacitance and conductivity/conductance, stem xylem anatomical features, stomatal regulation of daily minimum leaf and stem water potential (Ψ), and the kinetics of stomatal responses to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in six diverse woody species differing markedly in their degree of iso/anisohydry. At the stem level, more anisohydric species had higher wood density and lower native capacitance and conductivity. Like stems, leaves of more anisohydric species had lower hydraulic conductance; however, unlike stems, their leaves had higher native capacitance at their daily minimum values of leaf Ψ. Moreover, rates of VPD‐induced stomatal closure were related to intrinsic rather than native leaf capacitance and were not associated with species' degree of iso/anisohydry. Our results suggest a trade‐off between hydraulic storage and efficiency in the leaf, but a coordination between hydraulic storage and efficiency in the stem along a spectrum of plant iso/anisohydry.
Integrating Stakeholder Mapping and Risk Scenarios to Improve Resilience of Cyber‐Physical‐Social Networks
Authors: Almutairi Ayedh , Wheeler John P. , Slutzky David L. , Lambert James H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe future of energy mobility involves networks of users, operators, organizations, vehicles, charging stations, communications, materials, transportation corridors, points of service, and so on. The integration of smart grids with plug‐in electric vehicle technologies has societal and commercial advantages that include improving grid stability, minimizing dependence on nonrenewable fuels, reducing vehicle emissions, and reducing the cost of electric vehicle ownership. However, ineffective or delayed participation of particular groups of stakeholders could disrupt industry plans and delay the desired outcomes. This article develops a framework to address enterprise resilience for two modes of disruptions—the first being the influence of scenarios on priorities and the second being the influence of multiple groups of stakeholders on priorities. The innovation of this study is to obtain the advantages of integrating two recent approaches: scenario‐based preferences modeling and stakeholder mapping. Public agencies, grid operators, plug‐in electric vehicle owners, and vehicle manufacturers are the four groups of stakeholders that are considered in this framework, along with the influence of four scenarios on priorities.
In the NAT era, is routine lookback to recipients still required when donors seroconvert for HIV infection?
Authors: Vishram Bhavita , Reynolds Claire , Brailsford Susan R. , Hewitt Patricia 
Published: March 2019

Human immuno virus screening assays have improved in sensitivity over the last 20 years and our data demonstrates that there is no evidence of missed HIV positive window period donations since the introduction of pooled HIV NAT screening. Here we recommend that extensive lookback investigations are not routinely required if the most recent negative donation is negative on individual sample HIV PCR testing.
Use of a cerclage cable‐plate system to stabilize a periprosthetic femoral fracture after total hip replacement in a dog
Authors: Carvajal Jose L. , Kim Stanley E. , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the successful use of cerclage cables around the periprosthetic region of a femoral fracture after total hip replacement (THR) in a dog with bone stock too limited for other methods of fixation.Study designCase report.Animal6‐year‐old male neutered, golden retriever.MethodsLocking plate fixation of a type‐B1 diaphyseal periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) failed 14 days after cementless THR and 6 days after initial femoral fracture repair. Total hip replacement implants seemed unchanged on radiographs, but lateral retraction of the screw‐plate construct from the proximal segment was evident. Bone stock was assessed as insufficient for adequate screw purchase, prompting revision of the fixation with cerclage cable fixation of the proximal segment; the cables were anchored to the original locking plate construct with threaded positioning pins that screwed into the locking holes.ResultsAcceptable union was documented on radiographs by 3 months after revision. No lameness and good range of motion of the hip were observed on clinical examination 13 months after surgery. Radiographs at 13 months documented static implant positioning and remodeling at the fracture site.ConclusionUse of a cable‐plate construct to stabilize a type‐B1 PFF led to successful long‐term outcome in this dog.Clinical significanceUse of a cable‐plate construct may be considered to treat type‐B1 PFF with limited bone stock.
Injuries involving the central tarsal bone in nonracing dogs: Short‐term outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Armstrong Andrew J. , Bruce Mieghan , Adams Robert , Kulendra Elvin , Pease Tony , Perry Karen L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe traumatic injuries involving the central tarsal bone (Tc) in nonracing dogs.Study designRetrospective multicenter study.AnimalsThirty‐two client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records from January 2010 to December 2016 were searched for dogs with Tc injury. Fracture classification, concurrent tarsal fractures, treatment, and perioperative management were tested for association with postoperative complications and short‐term outcome. Outcome measures consisted of the latest lameness score reported in the record.ResultsThe most common injuries consisted of type V fractures (22) and luxation of the Tc (8). Other injuries included 1 case each of type III and type IV fractures. Twenty‐two concurrent fractures involved other tarsal bones. Complications were diagnosed in 18 (62.1%) dogs, consisting of 13 minor, 4 major, and 1 catastrophic complication. Lameness at final follow‐up (median 7 weeks) in 28 dogs was scored as 0 of 5 in 14 (50.0%) dogs, 1 of 5 in 7 (25.0%) dogs, 2 of 5 in 4 (14.3%) dogs, 4 of 5 in 1 (3.5%) dogs, and 5 of 5 in 2 (7.1%) dogs. Major complications were associated with the presence of multiple tarsal fractures (risk ratio [RR] 3.94, 95% CI 0.80–19.37, P = .13), specifically when the calcaneus was involved (RR 5.78, 95% CI 1.53–21.88, P = .05).ConclusionThe most common diagnosis in this population of nonracing dogs consisted of type V Tc fractures. Fractures affecting other tarsal bones were common and were associated with a higher risk of major complications, especially those affecting the calcaneus.Clinical significanceShort‐term outcomes seem favorable in nonracing dogs with isolated Tc fractures, but dogs with concomitant tarsal fractures are predisposed to major complications.
Flatness Control of the Crossbowed Hot Plate Using Cold Roller Leveling
Authors: Seo Jae Hyung , Han Sang Wook , Van Tyne Chester J. , Moon Young Hoon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A crossbow is one of the shape defects caused by width differences between the top and bottom plate surfaces. To improve the plate flatness, leveling must be performed to flatten the crossbowed plate prior to the second manufacturing process. Leveling is a process for minimizing shape defects and enhancing the internal stress uniformity in shape-critical applications. As roller levelers mainly correct shape defects across the plate length, the entire plate width must be worked to correct the crossbow. Owing to the high sensitivity of roll positions in the leveler on the plate geometry, a unique leveling machine setup should be determined for flattening the crossbowed plate. As the problem is complicated by the high inherent nonlinearity and sensitivity, the finite element method has been used to simulate numerically the effect of work roll configurations on leveling efficiency. In order to verify the accuracy of numerical simulations, actual leveling experiments were performed using crossbowed plates. Through the analysis, the leveling strategy for increasing the leveling efficiency of crossbowed plates is validated with a high degree of reliability.
Repeat thyroid function tests for healthy older people are not needed
Authors: Cook Rob , Fortescue-Webb Duncan , Taft Rachel 
Published: March 2019

The study
Roberts L, McCahon D, Johnson O, Haque MS, Parle J, Hobbs FR. Stability of thyroid function in older adults: the Birmingham Elderly Thyroid Study.

Published on 28 August 2018
Br J Gen Pract
2018;68:e718-26.

This study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research (SPCR).

To read the full NIHR Signal, go to:
https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000703/repeat-thyroid-function-tests-for-healthy-older-people-are-not-needed
Dimer coverings on the Tower of Hanoi graph
Authors: Li Wei-Bang , Chang Shu-Chiuan 
Published: March 2019

We present the number of dimer coverings Nd(n) on the Tower of Hanoi graph THd(n) at n stage with dimension 2 [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]d[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] 5. When the number of vertices v(n) is even, Nd(n) gives the number of close-packed dimers; when the number of vertices is odd, it is impossible to have a close-packed configurations and one of the outmost vertices is allowed to be unoccupied. We define the entropy of absorption of diatomic molecules per vertex as S[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] Nd(n)/v(n), that can be shown exactly for TH2, while its lower and upper bounds can be derived in terms of the results at a certain n for THd(n) with 3 [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]d[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] 5. We find that the difference between the lower and upper bounds converges rapidly to zero as n increases, such that the value of S[Formula: see text] with d[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]3 and 5 can be calculated with at least 100 correct digits.
Health Risk Assessment through Incorporation of Dempster–Shafer Structure and Fuzzy Numbers within the Same Framework
Authors: Dutta Palash 
Published: March 2019

It is always most important to accrue knowledge on the features of each and every existing data, information and model parameters in risk assessment. It is observed that most frequently model parameters, data, information are fouled with uncertainty due to lack of precision, deficiency in data, diminutive sample sizes. In such situations, fuzzy set theory or Dempster–Shafer structure (DSS) can be explored to represent uncertainty. More often, both type of uncertainty representation theories coexist in health risk assessment and need to amalgamate. This paper presents two algorithms to combine DSS and fuzzy numbers (FNs) of different shapes.• The algorithms deal with the combination of DSS with fuzzy focal elements of different types and different fuzzy numbers of various types and shapes within the same framework. • Finally, non-cancer human health risk assessment is carried out under this setting. • Results are obtained in fuzzy numbers at different fractiles.The approaches presented here have the ability to be used in any mathematical model which represents real-world problems, in which model parameters are tainted with uncertainty, where representations of uncertain model parameters are DSS and fuzzy numbers with different shapes and types.
BRAF Inhibition: Bridge or Boost to T-cell Therapy?
Authors: Goff Stephanie L. , Rosenberg Steven A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The concept of treatment-refractory disease has evolved as checkpoint modulation has changed the therapeutic landscape for patients with metastatic melanoma. Developing meaningful salvage strategies will involve the exploration of combination therapies and new immunotherapeutics, including adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or other T-cell–based therapy.
See related article by Atay et al., p. 2783
Accuracy of Different Rapid Urease Tests in Comparison with Histopathology in Patients with Endoscopic Signs of Gastritis
Authors: Dechant Franz-Xaver , Dechant Rebecca , Kandulski Arne , Selgrad Michael , Weber Florian , Reischl Udo , Wilczek Wolf , Mueller Martina , Weigand Kilian 
Published: March 2019

Background and Aim: According to several guidelines, both invasive and non-invasive tests can be used to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Invasive methods include H. pylori culture, histological staining, rapid urease tests (RUTs) and PCR. Non-invasive methods include urease breath test, stool antigen and serum IgG testing. The aim of our study was to compare all commercially available RUTs and histology in Germany. Material and Methods: One hundred fifty patients were enrolled in our study, irrespective of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or antibiotic use. If the results of RUTs and histology were diverging, real-time PCR to detect H. pylori DNA was undertaken. Results: We detected no differences in the sensitivity or specificity between the different RUTs. In PPI and/or antibiotic-treated patients, RUTs seemed to be more sensitive for the detection of H. pylori infection compared to histology. In addition to the cheaper price of RUTs, they are also quicker to process. We show that histological staining in patients with signs of gastritis is expensive and not necessary, if there are no additional histological questions besides H. pylori status. Conclusions: In conclusion, we consider RUTs to be cheap and fast alternatives to histology in patients with endoscopic signs of gastritis, independently of whether PPIs or antibiotic are used. Histological evaluation is expensive, time consuming and may be unnecessary in some cases.
Detection of Fronts as a Metric for Numerical Model Accuracy
Authors: Douglass Elizabeth M. , Mask Andrea C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs numerical modeling advances, quantitative metrics are necessary to determine whether the model output accurately represents the observed ocean. Here, a metric is developed based on whether a model places oceanic fronts in the proper location. Fronts are observed and assessed directly from along-track satellite altimetry. Numerical model output is then interpolated to the locations of the along-track data, and fronts are detected in the model output. Scores are determined from the percentage of observed fronts correctly simulated in the model and from the percentage of modeled fronts confirmed by observations. These scores depend on certain parameters such as the minimum size of a front, which will be shown to be geographically dependent. An analysis of two models, the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), is presented as an example of how this metric might be applied and interpreted. In this example, scores are found to be relatively stable in time, but strongly dependent on the mesoscale variability in the region of interest. In all cases, the metric indicates that there are more observed fronts not found in the models than there are modeled fronts missing from observations. In addition to the score itself, the analysis demonstrates that modeled fronts have smaller amplitude and are less steep than observed fronts.