bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet and American Diabetes Association nutrition guidelines on lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes: A comparative clinical trial
Authors: Hashemi Reza , Mehdizadeh Khalifani Alireza , Rahimlou Mehran , Manafi Majid 
Published: June 2019

AimThe present study aimed to compare the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines on the lipid profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn a 12‐week clinical trial, 80 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 18–65 years were randomly allocated into the case (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. The case group received the DASH diet and the control group consumed a dietary pattern in accordance with the ADA guidelines. Fasting blood samples were measured for triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) and free fatty acid (FFA). Moreover, physical activity and 24‐hour dietary recall (24 hours) were assessed at baseline and end of the study.ResultsThe DASH diet and diabetic diet (in accordance with the ADA guidelines) for 12 weeks significantly decreased TG, TC and VLDL (P < 0.05). FFA showed a significant decrease in both the groups, which was greater in the cases compared with the control group (P = 0.049).ConclusionsCompliance with any DASH or diabetic diet for 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes had beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risks.
An Enhanced Stability Nanoparticle Preparation by Corn Protein Hydrolysate‐Carboxymethyl Chitosan Maillard Conjugates Loaded with Rutin
Authors: Han Yue , Wang Lixin , Jiang Wenping , Du Qijing , Yu Chundi , Sun Qingjie , Zhang Shuangling 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRutin‐loaded corn protein hydrolysate–carboxymethyl chitosan (CPH‐NOCC) Maillard conjugate nanoparticles (NPs) with superior stability under different NaCl concentrations (0–0.25 mol/L) and pH levels (7.0 to 3.0) were investigated. Results showed that the degree of glycosylation of 53.3%, browning index of 0.6, and SDS‐PAGE lane of CPH‐NOCC conjugates were obtained after dry heating for 48 hr (60 °C, 79% RH). The high encapsulation efficiency (EE, 97.8%–98.8%) and CPH‐NOCC‐rutin (98.8%) was significantly higher than CPH‐rutin (97.8%) and CPH/NOCC‐rutin (98.4%) NPs illustrated that hydrolysis was positive for zein encapsulation, and conjugation of NOCC to CPH increased the EE. Hairy carbohydrate protrusions on the surface of CPH‐NOCC‐rutin NPs produced a stronger steric effect and hampered the formation of salt bridges and the particle aggregation under CPH isoelectric point at pH 4.0. Therefore, the CPH‐NOCC conjugate NPs may be suitable carrier for hydrophobic bioactive substances in a board range of business foodstuffs.
Inclusion Complex of Exocarpium Citri Grandis Essential Oil with β‐Cyclodextrin: Characterization, Stability, and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Su Zhipeng , Qin Yaru , Zhang Kai , Bi Yongguang , Kong Fansheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to produce and characterize an inclusion complex between β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and Exocarpium Citri Grandis essential oil (EEO), and to evaluate its antioxidant properties. The volatile compounds of EEO were characterized by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer. A comparison of the β‐CD, EEO, and the physical mixture with the inclusion complex revealed differences in their thermal stabilities and morphologies, which confirmed the formation of the β‐CD‐EEO inclusion complex. Complexed with β‐CD, the β‐CD‐EEO inclusion complex showed a higher stability and antioxidant activity when compared with physical mixture and EEO. Therefore, β‐CD can be used to form inclusion complexes with EEO to expand its potential applications in the food and drug industries.Practical ApplicationExocarpium Citri Grandis is rich in essential oil and other ingredients. The optimized extraction, constituent composition, and encapsulation of EEO in β‐CD were investigated in this study. The results showed that the encapsulation process increased the antioxidant activity and stability of EEO, which provides both fundamental and practical knowledge for the application of EEO in the food and drug industries.
Lignin‐Based Biopolymeric Active Packaging System for Oil Products
Authors: Mohammad Zadeh Elham , O'Keefe Sean F. , Kim Young‐Teck 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAntioxidant activity of enzymatically modified soybean protein film with two different forms of added lignin (alkali lignin and lignosulfonate) was investigated using two stimulated food systems involving direct and indirect contact with soybean oil and fish fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE). For the direct system, control and lignin‐doped films were added to oil vials which were stored at dark under 40 °C whereas for indirect, films were used to cover oil‐containing glass vials stored under standard commercial lighting conditions. Autoxidation of oil samples in the direct contact system was determined by peroxide value (PV), color, headspace oxygen, and volatile compounds, while for the indirect contact system photoxidation was determined by using PV and color. For the direct contact system with soybean oil, the PV was significantly lower during storage for both lignins used compared to the control (packaging system without lignin film). There was not a significant effect of lignin on the color of the oils (P > 0.05). Modified films tested in this study did not have a significant effect on headspace oxygen contents of oil samples; however, it resulted in reduced volatile compounds for both soybean oil and fish oil samples. Based on our observation, soybean protein films with lignin showed a greater impact on soybean oil than fish oil, possibly because of high initial oxidation levels in the fish oil. Enzymatic modified soy protein films with lignin are alternative active packaging materials for highly sensitive to oxidation by radical and UV light.Practical ApplicationPlastic packaging materials require the use of petroleum oil and are not biodegradable. Packaging materials made from renewable, biodegradable biopolymers are of great interest but often suffer from performance problems, such as weak mechanical properties compared to petroleum‐based plastics. Applying modified biopolymeric film with lignin in the inner layer of food packaging system improved some aspects of their performance during storage, not only by preventing the migration of chemical compounds from the package to the food but also by radical scavenging activity and UV‐blocking ability of the packaging system.
Environmental conditions and neutral processes shape the skin microbiome of European catfish (Silurus glanis) populations of Southwestern France
Authors: Chiarello Marlène , Paz‐Vinas Ivan , Veyssière Charlotte , Santoul Frédéric , Loot Géraldine , Ferriol Jessica , Boulêtreau Stéphanie 
Published: June 2019

SummaryTeleost fishes interact with diverse microbial communities, playing crucial functions for host fitness. While gut microbiome has been extensively studied, skin microbiome has been overlooked. Specifically, there is no assessment of the relative impact of host and environmental factors on microbiome variability as well as neutral processes shaping fish skin microbiome. Here, we assessed the skin microbiome of a Siluriforme, the European catfish (Silurus glanis) sampled in four sites located in Southwestern France. We assessed the relative roles of individual features (body size and genetic background), local environment and neutral processes in shaping skin microbiome. Catfish skin microbiome composition was distinct to that of other freshwater fish species previously studied with high abundances of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. We found no effect of catfish individual genotype and body size on the structure of its associated skin microbiome. Geographical location was the best catfish skin microbiome structure predictor, together with neutral models of microbiome assembly.
Comparison of Endostar continuous versus intermittent intravenous infusion in combination with first‐line chemotherapy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Nie Ligong , Liu Ying , Jin Zhe , Wang Xi , Hu Zhanwei 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundIntravenous infusion of Endostar for three to four hours per day for 14 days reduces patient compliance and affects quality of life. Continuous intravenous infusion (CI) represents a novel method of administration; however, it is unclear whether it is effective and safe when compared to the traditional method.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) administered CI (20 patients) or intermittent intravenous infusion (II, 49 patients) of Endostar combined with first‐line chemotherapy. Three patients in the II group discontinued therapy because of adverse effects.ResultsMedian progression‐free survival was 6.0 months in the CI group and 3.8 months in the II group, with no significant difference (P = 0.1). The objective response and disease control rates were also similar in the CI and II groups (40.0 vs. 32.6%, P = 0.562; 65 vs. 69.6%, P = 0.714, respectively).ConclusionCI of Endostar combined with first‐line chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC had similar progression‐free survival, objective response, and overall response rates as II, with tolerable adverse effects.
Chalcone Derivative L6H21 Reduces EtOH + LPS‐Induced Liver Injury Through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Kong Xiaoxia , Wu Guicheng , Chen Sha , Zhang Lihua , Li Fengyuan , Shao Tuo , Ren Li , Chen Shao-Yu , Zhang Hongyu , McClain Craig J. , Feng Wenke 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundChronic alcohol intake increases circulating endotoxin levels causing excessive inflammation that aggravates the liver injury. (E)‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐4′‐methoxychalcone (L6H21), a derivative of chalcone, has been found to inhibit inflammation in cardiac diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the use of L6H21 in alcoholic liver disease to inhibit exotoxin‐associated inflammation has not been explored. In this study, we examined the effects of L6H21 on EtOH + LPS‐induced hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and liver injury and investigated the underlying mechanisms.MethodsC57BL6 mice were treated with 5% EtOH for 10 days, and LPS was given to the mice 6 hours before sacrificing. One group of mice was supplemented with L6H21 with EtOH and LPS. RAW264.7 cells were used to analyze the effects of L6H21 on macrophage activation.ResultsEtOH + LPS treatment significantly increased hepatic steatosis and serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), which were reduced by L6H21 treatment. EtOH + LPS treatment increased hepatic inflammation, as shown by the increased hepatic protein levels of Toll‐like receptor‐4, p65, and p‐IκB, and increased oxidative stress, as shown by protein carbonyl levels and reactive oxygen species formation, which were reduced by L6H21 treatment. In addition, L6H21 treatment markedly inhibited EtOH + LPS‐elevated hepatic protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase‐1, cleaved IL‐1β, and caspase‐1‐associated apoptosis.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that L6H21 treatment inhibits EtOH + LPS‐induced liver steatosis and injury through suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. L6H21 may be used as an alternative strategy for ALD prevention/treatment.
Human settlement drives African elephant (Loxodonta africana) movement in the Sebungwe Region, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mpakairi Kudzai S. , Ndaimani Henry , Kuvawoga Phillip T. , Madiri Hilary T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the key drivers that influence the potential distribution of herbivore species in changing landscapes has been at the centre of enquiry in wildlife science for many decades. This knowledge is particularly important for keystone species like the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) whose population is declining even in conservation areas. The Sebungwe Region is part of the Kavango‐Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area and supports ~4,000 elephants. The Sebungwe Region has lost an estimated 76% of its elephant population over the years. This study aimed to determine how the elephant distribution in the Sebungwe Region was affected by human settlement and whether the patches for elephant distribution were large enough for elephant habitation. The prediction of the potential distribution of the elephant was based on presence‐only data modelled through an ensemble algorithm that combined several candidate models to enhance predictive ability. We observed that human settlement drives the potential distribution of elephants in the Sebungwe Region (test AUC = 0.95), and patches from the model were on average <1.5 km2. Our results provide initial insights into the key habitat factors that drive distribution of elephants in the Sebungwe landscape. Future conservation of the elephant could benefit from our study through systematic planning of settlements, which might help minimise human interaction with wildlife.
Review of childhood pain highlights the role of negative stress
Authors: Alfven G , Grillner S , Andersson E 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimRecurrent pain of unknown origin is a major problem in children. The aim of the present review was to examine the hypothesis of negative stress as an aetiology of recurrent pain from different aspects.Methods and ResultsEpidemiological studies, clinical experience and hormonal data give support for such a hypothesis. Negative stress as a tentative aetiology for recurrent pain is reviewed. Stress, muscular tension, the startle reaction and its tentative relation to pain is illuminated. Deviations of hormonal secretion supporting a stress aetiology are mentioned. The role of central sensitisation for recurrent pain is discussed. Possible aetiological implications of recurrent pain as a local symptom or a general disorder are presented. Brain changes due to stress are shortly reviewed. Stress and pain in the clinic are highlighted. The importance of biological, psychological and social factors, as well as genetic elements, is discussed.ConclusionStress elicits neurobiological mechanisms. They may lead to many neurophysiological deviances. Increase of muscle tension and neuromuscular excitability and enhanced startle reaction may be of importance for recurring pain. The identification of stress as a primary cause of recurrent pain can have huge implications for understanding signs and treatment in clinical practice.
miR‐29a promotes pathological cardiac hypertrophy by targeting the PTEN/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and suppressing autophagy
Authors: Shi Jia‐yu , Chen Chu , Xu Xuan , Lu Qi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimAlthough miR‐29 has emerged as a crucial non‐coding RNA in the regulation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, further exploration of its specific mechanisms is necessary to resolve controversy about its major role in this condition. This study therefore evaluated the role of miR‐29a and whether it acts through the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway.MethodsIn this study, a rat model of pressure‐induced cardiac hypertrophy was established by transverse aortic constriction and verified by echocardiography, histological analysis and quantitative RT‐PCR. At the cellular level, we explored the role of miR‐29a in angiotensin II‐stimulated hypertrophic H9c2 cardiomyoblasts by transfecting the cells with miR‐29a inhibitor and mimic. The relationship between miR‐29a and the signalling pathway was investigated with dual luciferase reporter assays, immunofluorescence analysis and Western blotting. We also examined whether autophagy is involved in the regulatory mechanism of miR‐29a through transmission electron microscopy and detection of autophagy‐associated proteins.ResultsThe results showed that miR‐29a was upregulated both in rats 4 weeks after surgery and in 10−6 M angiotensin II‐stimulated cells. In contrast, inhibition of miR‐29a partially attenuated angiotensin II‐induced hypertrophy. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis revealed that PTEN was one of the target genes of miR‐29a, which was also verified by luciferase assay. The results of immunofluorescence and Western blotting indicated that overexpression of miR‐29a inhibited the expression of PTEN, activated the AKT/mTOR pathway and suppressed autophagy, which ultimately led to cardiac hypertrophy.ConclusionIn pathological cardiac hypertrophy, miR‐29a was overexpressed and promoted cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway and suppressing autophagy.
AKAP12 deficiency impairs VEGF‐induced endothelial cell migration and sprouting
Authors: Benz Peter M. , Ding Yindi , Stingl Heike , Loot Annemarieke E. , Zink Joana , Wittig Ilka , Popp Rüdiger , Fleming Ingrid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimProtein kinase (PK) A anchoring protein (AKAP) 12 is a scaffolding protein that anchors PKA to compartmentalize cyclic AMP signalling. This study assessed the consequences of the downregulation or deletion of AKAP12 on endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis.MethodsThe consequences of siRNA‐mediated downregulation AKAP12 were studied in primary cultures of human endothelial cells as well as in endothelial cells and retinas from wild‐type versus AKAP12−/− mice. Molecular interactions were investigated using a combination of immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry.ResultsAKAP12 was expressed at low levels in confluent endothelial cells but its expression was increased in actively migrating cells, where it localized to lamellipodia. In the postnatal retina, AKAP12 was expressed by actively migrating tip cells at the angiogenic front, and its deletion resulted in defective extension of the vascular plexus. In migrating endothelial cells, AKAP12 was co‐localized with the PKA type II‐α regulatory subunit as well as multiple key regulators of actin dynamics and actin filament‐based movement; including components of the Arp2/3 complex and the vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Fitting with the evidence of a physical VASP/AKAP12/PKA complex, it was possible to demonstrate that the VEGF‐stimulated and PKA‐dependent phosphorylation of VASP was dependent on AKAP12. Indeed, AKAP12 colocalized with phospho‐Ser157 VASP at the leading edge of migrating endothelial cells.ConclusionThe results suggest that compartmentalized AKAP12/PKA signalling mediates VASP phosphorylation at the leading edge of migrating endothelial cells to translate angiogenic stimuli into altered actin dynamics and cell movement.
Induced miR‐31 by 5‐fluorouracil exposure contributes to the resistance in colorectal tumors
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshihito , Kuranaga Yuki , Tahara Tomomitsu , Yamashita Hiromi , Shibata Tomoyuki , Nagasaka Mitsuo , Funasaka Kohei , Ohmiya Naoki , Akao Yukihiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDrug resistance makes treatment difficult in cancers. The present study identifies and analyzes drug resistance‐related miRNA in colorectal cancer. We established 4 types of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐resistant colon cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. We then analyzed the miRNA expression profile by miRNA array in these 4 cell lines, and identified the drug resistance‐related miRNAs. We examined the expression levels of the identified miRNA in 112 colorectal tumor samples from the patients. We identified 12 possible miRNAs involved in 5‐FU resistance by miRNA arrays. We then examined the relationship between miR‐31, which was the most promising among them, and drug resistance. The ectopic expression of mimic miR‐31 showed significant 5‐FU resistance in the parental DLD‐1 cells, while anti–miR‐31 caused significant growth inhibition in DLD/F cells; that is, 5‐FU‐resistant colon cancer cell line DLD‐1 under exposure to 5‐FU. When we exposed high doses of 5‐FU to parent or 5‐FU‐resistant cells, the expression levels of miR‐31 were raised higher than those of controls. Notably, the expression levels of miR‐31 were positively correlated with the grade of clinical stages of colorectal tumors. The protein expression levels of factors inhibiting hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 were downregulated by transfection of mimic miR‐31 into DLD‐1 cells. This study provides evidence supporting the association of miR‐31 with 5‐FU drug resistance and clinical stages of colorectal tumors.
The information needs of children having clinical procedures in hospital: Will it hurt? Will I feel scared? What can I do to stay calm?
Authors: Bray Lucy , Appleton Victoria , Sharpe Ashley 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren often have unmet information needs when attending hospital, and this can cause them anxiety and uncertainty. If children are prepared and informed about what will happen during a procedure, they tend to have a better experience. Finding out what children want to know before they attend hospital for procedures could provide significant benefits for children, their families, and healthcare professionals. This study set out to investigate children's perspectives of what information is important and valuable to know before attending hospital for a planned procedure.MethodsA “write and tell” activity sheet underpinned a semistructured qualitative interview with children attending hospital for a planned procedure. The interview focussed on the information children thought was important to know before a procedure. Data were analysed using content analysis techniques.ResultsOne hundred six children aged between 8 and 12 years old participated in the interviews. The children identified 616 pieces of information they thought would be of value to children attending hospital for procedures. These were inductively coded into three types of information: procedural, sensory, and self‐regulation. Children want to know detailed procedural and sensory information to actively construct a script of a procedure and then build on this with information about specific strategies to help them cope with and self‐regulate the situation.ConclusionThis study has identified three types of information children recognize as important in preprocedural preparation. Children construct an understanding of a planned procedure through actively scaffolding procedural, sensory, and self‐regulation information.
Acquired immune responses to the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccination in COPD
Authors: Staples K J , Williams N P , Bonduelle O , Hutton A J , Cellura D , Marriott A C , Combadière B , Wilkinson T M A 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Epidemiological data suggest that influenza vaccination protects against all-cause mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, recent work has suggested there is a defect in the ability of some COPD patients to mount an adequate humoral response to influenza vaccination. The aim of our study was to investigate humoral and cell-mediated vaccine responses to the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccination (TIV) in COPD subjects and healthy controls. Forty-seven subjects were enrolled into the study; 23 COPD patients, 13 age-matched healthy controls (HC ≥ 50) and 11 young healthy control subjects (YC ≤ 40). Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated pre-TIV vaccination and at days 7 and 28 and 6 months post-vaccine for haemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) titre, antigen-specific T cell and antibody-secreting cell analysis. The kinetics of the vaccine response were similar between YC, HC and COPD patients and there was no significant difference in antibody titres between these groups at 28 days post-vaccine. As we observed no disease-dependent differences in either humoral or cellular responses, we investigated if there was any association of these measures with age. H1N1 (r = −0·4253, P = 0·0036) and influenza B (r = −0·344, P = 0·0192) antibody titre at 28 days negatively correlated with age, as did H1N1-specific CD4+ T helper cells (r = −0·4276, P = 0·0034). These results suggest that age is the primary determinant of response to trivalent vaccine and that COPD is not a driver of deficient responses per se. These data support the continued use of the yearly trivalent vaccine as an adjunct to COPD disease management.