bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Diseases by Radiological Imaging: New Legal Situation and Evaluation of Service Offers using CT Examinations as an Example
Authors: Brix Gunnar , Nekolla Elke Anna , Griebel Jürgen 
Published: September 2019

Background Radiological imaging offers promising prospects for the early detection of diseases. In Germany, the legal framework for such examinations was created by the Radiation Protection Law, which entered into force on December 31, 2018. Under this law, each specific type of radiodiagnostic screening of non-communicable diseases needs an approval on a generic level (permission) by a federal statutory ordinance, defining the specific requirements and conditions. It is the aim of the present paper, (i) to present in detail the new legal situation and (ii) to assess actual service offers for the screening of asymptomatic persons using CT examinations as an example.
Method In February 2019, radiology institutions in Germany illegally offering on the Internet CT examinations for the screening of lung and colon cancer or coronary artery disease were identified. For each type of examination, 50 pertinent websites were evaluated particularly regarding the general information on the offered screening examination and the concrete procedure.
Results In the vast majority of cases, the information provided on the websites was inadequate and disproportionately emphasized the benefits over the risks of the screening examination. Moreover, the offers differed substantially with respect to the age and risks factors of potential participants, the frequency of examinations, the screening procedure, and the diagnostic workup.
Conclusion The evaluated service offers strongly substantiate the need to define requirements and conditions regarding radiological screening examinations by statutory ordinances, in order to ensure an informed decision of potential screening participants as well as the benefit versus the risks of the procedures.
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The International Prospective Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Registry: Pediatric Treatment and Outcomes
Authors: Zotz Rainer B. , Poon Man-Chiu , Di Minno Giovanni , D'Oiron Roseline ,   for the Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Registry Investigators
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Standard treatment for Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), a severe inherited bleeding disorder, is platelet transfusion. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is reported to be effective in GT with platelet antibodies and/or refractoriness to platelet transfusions.
Methods We evaluated rFVIIa effectiveness and safety for the treatment and prevention of surgical and nonsurgical bleeding in children <18 years old, with or without platelet antibodies and/or refractoriness, as reported in the GT Registry (GTR). Data were used from the GTR, an international, multicenter, observational, postmarketing study of rFVIIa that prospectively collected data on the treatment and outcomes of bleeds in patients with GT. Only patients with a diagnosis of congenital GT were included in the registry.
Results Between 2007 and 2011, 27 children were treated for 44 surgical procedures (minor: 36; major: 8); nonsurgical bleeds occurred in 104 patients (599 episodes: severe, 145; moderate, 454; spontaneous, 423; posttraumatic, 176). The effectiveness of treatment for minor procedures, major procedures, nonsurgical bleeds was 6/6, 1/1, and 75/84 for rFVIIa, 6/6, 2/2, and 64/76 for rFVIIa + antifibrinolytics (AF), 11/12, 1/1, and 162/214 for platelets ± AF, and 5/6, 0/3, and 33/45 for rFVIIa + platelets ± AF. In all, 25 adverse events were reported in children; no thromboembolic events were reported.
Conclusion For all patients, regardless of platelet antibody or refractoriness status, rFVIIa, administered with or without platelets (± AF), provided effective hemostasis with a low frequency of adverse events in surgical, as well as nonsurgical, bleeding in patients with GT.clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01476423.
Adenocarcinoma of the Sinonasal Tract: A Review of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Patel Neil N. , Maina Ivy W. , Kuan Edward C. , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Trope Michal A. , Carey Ryan M. , Workman Alan D. , Tong Charles C. , Kohanski Michael A. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Newman Jason G. , Brant Jason A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground Sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC) is a rare malignancy arising from mucus-secreting glandular tissue. Limited large-scale studies are available due to its rarity. We evaluated SNAC in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), a source that affords multi-institutional, population studies of rare cancers and their outcomes.Methods The NCDB was queried for adenocarcinoma in the sinonasal tract. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate for factors contributing to overall survival (OS).Results A total of 553 patients were identified. The cohort was composed of 59.3% males. The nasal cavity was the most common primary site, representing 44.1% of cases. About 5.7% of patients presented with nodal disease, while 3.3% had distant metastases. About 40.6% of cases presented with stage IV disease. About 73.5% of patients underwent surgery, 54.2% received radiation therapy, and 27.7% had chemotherapy. Median OS was 71.7 months, while OS at 1, 2, and 5 years was 82, 73.0, and 52%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, advanced age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.05), Charlson–Deyo score of 1 (HR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.20–3.30), advanced tumor grade (HR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.39–5.34), and advanced tumor stage (HR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.33–5.50) were associated with worse OS, whereas surgery (HR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.20–0.60) and radiation therapy (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33–0.91), but not chemotherapy (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.66–2.05), predicted improved OS.Conclusions SNAC is a rare malignancy with 5-year survival approximating 50%. Surgery and radiation therapy, but not chemotherapy, are associated with improved survival, and likely play a critical role in the interdisciplinary management of SNAC.
Renal–Hepatic–Pancreatic Dysplasia: An Ultra-Rare Ciliopathy with a Novel NPHP3 Genotype
Authors: Cagan Appak Yeliz , Baran Masallah , Ozturk Hismi Burcu , Ozyilmaz Berk , Vardi Kader , Ozer Kaya Ozge , Aksoy Betul , Kasap Demir Belde 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRenal–hepatic–pancreatic dysplasia-1 (RHPD1) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder with a high mortality. It is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in NPHP3, which encode nephrocytin, an important component of the ciliary protein complex. The NPHP3-related disease phenotype is diverse with RHPD1, nephronophthisis-3, and Meckel syndrome-7. In this case report, we present a female infant with hepatomegaly, cholestasis, and elevated transaminases who was found to carry a homozygous c.2975C > T variant of NPHP3. This is the first description of this genotype and RHPD1 phenotype in the literature. The patient is currently being closely monitored for the necessity of combined renal and liver transplantation under supportive treatment.
Surgical Mesoportal Bypass and Portosystemic Shunt Interventions
Authors: Jeyakumar Arthie , Chick Jeffrey Forris Beecham , Healey Patrick J. , Monroe Eric J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtrahepatic portal vein obstruction is defined by obstruction of the extrahepatic portal vein with or without involvement of the intrahepatic veins and does not include isolated thrombosis of the splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein. The etiology may be congenital versus acquired and acute versus chronic. Historically, surgical intervention has been reserved for patients with symptoms refractory to medical or endoscopic management. Over time, however, advances in surgical technique and research have caused a shift in practice. The interventionalists' role is primarily to address clinically significant shunt dysfunction, including shunt stenosis and thrombosis. In this article, the authors discuss the classification and indications of surgical portosystemic conduits, pre-and postoperative imaging, and clinical signs, and endovascular techniques to address shunt dysfunction.
Application of STED imaging for chromatin studies
Authors: Kostiuk Georgij , Bucevičius Jonas , Gerasimaitė Rūta , Lukinavičius Gražvydas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chromatin is the information center of a cell. It comprises proteins and nucleic acids that form a highly complex and dynamic structure within the nucleus. Its multiple organization levels span from micrometre to nanometre scale. For many years, the lower levels of chromatin organization have been beyond the resolution limit of fluorescent microscopy, thus impeding research on nucleus architecture, transcription, translation and DNA repair. Recent development in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy enables us to more easily observe objects at the nanometre scale and allows the study of complex cellular structures at unprecedented detail. This review focuses on the application of stimulated emission depletion microscopy for imaging two main components of the chromatin-DNA and the proteins interacting with it.
Understanding the mechanisms of electroplasticity from a crystal plasticity perspective
Authors: Lahiri Arka , Shanthraj Pratheek , Roters Franz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Electroplasticity is defined as the reduction in flow stress of a material undergoing deformation on passing an electrical pulse through it. The lowering of flow stress during electrical pulsing has been attributed to a combination of three mechanisms: softening due to Joule-heating of the material, de-pinning of dislocations from paramagnetic obstacles, and the electron-wind force acting on dislocations. However, there is no consensus in literature regarding the relative magnitudes of the reductions in flow stress resulting from each of these mechanisms. In this paper, we extend a dislocation density based crystal plasticity model to incorporate the mechanisms of electroplasticity and perform simulations where a single electrical pulse is applied during compressive deformation of a polycrystalline FCC material with random texture. We analyze the reductions in flow stress to understand the relative importance of the different mechanisms of electroplasticity and delineate their dependencies on the various parameters related to electrical pulsing and dislocation motion. Our study establishes that the reductions in flow stress are largely due to the mechanisms of de-pinning of dislocations from paramagnetic obstacles and Joule-heating, with their relative dominance determined by the specific choice of crystal plasticity parameters corresponding to the particular material of interest.
Application of static network reconfiguration to minimize power consumption from grid for photovoltaic systems
Authors: Suebudom Watcharis , Tayjasanant Thavatchai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the distributed generation growing worldwide, a proper method to increase the hosting capacity of PV with low cost is becoming an interesting topic. This paper researched how the total grid purchase of power systems can be decreased by applying static network reconfiguration. The problem is formulated as a load flow which aims to minimize the total grid purchase under thermal and voltage constraints. The effectiveness of the approach and the significant benefits obtained by static reconfiguration options in term of total grid purchase are demonstrated using a modified benchmark distribution system. It was found that applying static network reconfiguration to this specific test system with two PVs gave minimum power consumption from grid.
Comparison of fault transient characteristics of inverter-based distributed generators using different control strategies
Authors: Chang Xiao , Xiao Ying , Yang Yunlei , Zhao Jun , Xu Yonghai , Deng Chengjiang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The inverter-based distributed generators (IBDG) using different control strategies have different fault transient characteristics, which are the key issue of fault analysis for the distribution networks with IBDGs. To this end, this study analyzes and compares the fault transient characteristics of IBDGs using PQ control, droop control and virtual synchronous generators (VSG) control by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation, and considering the requirements of low-voltage ride through (LVRT) during grid-connected operation. The simulation results demonstrate that under the asymmetric fault condition of distribution networks, the IBDGs using different control strategies can maintain symmetric output. And when fault occurs in the distribution networks, the IBDGs using different control strategies have different transient response rate and overshoot of the output current.
Medium and long-term power quantity check and adjustment method based on power quantity margin
Authors: Huang Guodong , Yang Junfeng , Ding Qiang , Li Min 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Medium and long-term power trade is increasing, and the adjustable margin of power grid is reducing. Therefore, medium and long-term power quantity security check is necessary. Firstly, a power quantity margin model is constructed, and power quantity constraints and the future state grid model are considered. The power quantity limits of principal parts such as unit and line section are calculated, and quantity adjustment method is given.Then the medium and long-term power quantity check and adjustment are realized through the correlation coefficient matrix. Finally, the actual provincial power grid is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and method. Through the calculation of the quantity margin by power, the verification of medium and long-term transactions and the control of the safety margin of the power grid are realized.
Study on the transient characteristic measurement system of current transformer
Authors: Jin Qiu , JiangJun Ruan , Jicheng Yu , Shipu Wu , Anlan Mao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, thirteen ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission projects have commissioned in China, including Jinping-Sunan, Fulong-Fengxian, Yibin-Jinhua project, and so forth. Meanwhile, another two UHVDC transmission projects are under construction. The highest UHVDC voltage level is ±1100kV. The HVDC transmission is superior in high capacity and long transmission distance, and its control response put forward higher requirements for the transient characteristics of DC current transformer. At present, there is no test method and equipment for testing the transient characteristics of the DC current transformer. Therefore, mastering the transient response characteristics of operating DC current transformer remains to be a challenge. In this paper, a transient test system of DC current transformer is developed, which includes a step current output unit, a high precision acquisition unit and a calibrator algorithm. The system was used to test the rising time, maximum overshoot and transient delay of the DC current transformers installed on the pole line and valve outlet. This study can clarify the influence factors of the transient characteristics of DC transformer on the control and protection system of UHVDC, and can define the principle of selecting the transformer parameters to meet the requirements of the control and protection system of UHVDC. The results of this study have great significance to improve the performance of UHVDC control and protection system.
Research on the influence of live replacement for transformers on the distribution grid and its optimization method
Authors: Wang Binwu , Li Lidong , Liu Jian , Jiang Chunyang , Liu Kun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Live replacement of transformers could realize a more convenient way for overhaul and maintenance for this importance equipment in distribution networks. However, a series of harmful impact of transient process may be introduced into the transformer itself and the power distribution system, which would affect accurate measurement and stable operation of the grid. A PSCAD-based simulation model of live replacement for transformers is presented in this paper, and the corresponding method of optimization is also proposed. The scheme presented here is proved to realize live replacement on site, which is significant for improving the level of live maintenance automation and reliability of power distribution systems.
A study of characteristic extraction for transformer oscillation wave based on DWT analysis
Authors: Hongwen Liu , Ke Wang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to improve the reliability of transformer winding state evaluation method, the analysis of oscillation wave based on high voltage direct current (HVDC) power supply is proposed. Firstly, different noise reduction methods are adopted dealing with the measured oscillation wave data, and a suitable noise reduction method for field experiments is obtained. Then the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied on denoising data. Finally, the characteristics that can be used to evaluate the state of windings are obtained by analysing the wavelet detailed signals. The results show that the waveform characteristics of windings obtained by discrete wavelet transform have good repeatability and can reflect the differences between different windings.
Study on harmonic characteristics and optimization of multi-stage magnetic valve controllable reactor
Authors: Li Qingbo , Zhang Dandan , Chen Junqin , Yang Ruilin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a multi-stage magnetic valve controllable reactor based on the traditional magnetic valve controllable reactor (MCR). According to the structural characteristics of multi-stage magnetic valve, the mathematical model of harmonic characteristics of multi-stage MCR device is established, and the cross-section parameters of each magnetic valve are optimized by immune algorithm. The results show that after the number of magnetic valve stages exceeds 3, the optimization of total harmonics is reduced, and both are lower than the national common harmonic standard. Finally, the established mathematical model is verified by simulation. The results show that the three-stage and above magnetic valve structure can control the harmonic current under the national standard. The four-stage MCR can suppress the harmonics well and improve the power quality input to the distribution network.
Output power stabilization control strategy of WPT systems based on secondary side circuit
Authors: Bo Bin , Xu Changfu , Zhang Ming , Wang Ruoyin , Xu Jiayuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the wireless power transfer (WPT) system, the output power is sensitive to the change of mutual inductance and load resistance. It is necessary to keep the output power stable quickly through effective control methods when the receiving coil and transmitting coil are offset or the load equivalent impedance changes. Based on the analysis of the WPT system with DC/DC converter on the secondary side, the relationship between mutual inductance and load voltage and load current, as well as the relationship between duty cycle of DC/DC converter and load demand power are given. A mutual inductance identification method based on load voltage and load current detection is proposed to monitor mutual inductance changes in real time. The output power stability control strategy based on DC/DC converter is also proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the theoretical analysis and control strategy in this paper were verified by simulation and experiment.
Research on fuzzy PID lower extremity exoskeleton control system based on pneumatic drive
Authors: Zhu Songqing , Han Yali , Zhang Meng , Shen Pei , Wu Zhenyu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The lower extremity rehabilitation exoskeleton based on pneumatic muscle actuator was introduced. The gait experiments were implemented, and the biomechanics of human walking were outputted for the design and control of lower rehabilitation exoskeleton. The experiment platform was built based on DSPACE system and the fuzzy adaptive PID controller was applied for the control of lower rehabilitation exoskeleton. The experiment results showed that adding the pre-feedback control based on fuzzy adaptive PID can significantly reduce the time that the system, and the experiment of swing control also showed that a high level of coordination between the user swing motion and the exoskeleton leg.
Logistics system planning for battery-powered electric vehicle charging station networks
Authors: Hayajneh Hassan , Salim Muath Bani , Bashetty Srikanth , Zhang Xuewei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This work proposes a promising scenario of large-scale deployment of battery-powered electric vehicle charging station networks that attempts to address three important issues toward a sustainable energy landscape in the near future: (1) Suppressed grid integration of variable renewable generations such as wind; (2) Low profitability of battery energy storage systems due to limited applications; and (3) Conflicts between the current power infrastructure and the installation of charging stations to meet the growing needs of electrical transportation. More specifically, we design a system in which electric trucks deliver large-volume batteries to electric vehicle charging stations. This facilitates the planning and operation of electric vehicle charging station networks without constraints from the grid. In regions where there are abundant renewable energy sources and the road networks do not suffer from frequent congestion, this could be a viable solution. Using the city of Corpus Christi, Texas (USA) and the nearby Chapman Ranch wind farm as a test case, we formulate the design problem based on the logistics system models and obtain the optimal sizes of charging station batteries and number of electric trucks to minimize cost. The obtained results can help potential stakeholders make business decisions or policy recommendations.
Microwave assisted aqueous ammonia pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch: effect on lignin removal and morphological structure
Authors: Perdana Harahap Andre Fahriz , Aditya Rahman Azhar , Gozan Misri 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is an abundant solid waste produced by oil palm industries to which the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content has potential for conversion into high value biochemical products. However, pretreatment must be applied to remove lignin thus making cellulose and hemicellulose available for further conversion. In this study, effect of three parameters of microwave assisted aqueous ammonia pretreatment such as microwave power (280; 560; 840 Watt), NH3 concentration (7.5; 10; 12.5 % w/v), and reaction time (3; 6; 9 minutes) on lignin removal (%) were evaluated by using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design. OPEFB at different size ranging from 30 – 40 mesh was used as the raw material. Moreover, to evaluate the morphological structure, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was employed both on untreated and pretreated OPEFB. The quadratic model showed that microwave power of 837.8 Watt, NH3 concentration of 12.2% (w/v), and reaction time of 8.9 minutes resulted the highest lignin removal of 81.60%. SEM images showed that pretreated OPEFB encountered a heavy structural destruction. These results show that microwave assisted aqueous ammonia pretreatment can be a promising method to be applied to disrupt the compact lignocellulose structure of OPEFB and to remove its lignin content efficiently under very short period of time.