bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dual-Carrier Processing on the Intelligibility of Concurrent Vocoded Sentences
Authors: Apoux Frédéric , Carter Brittney L. , Healy Eric W. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The goal of this study was to examine the role of carrier cues in sound source segregation and the possibility to enhance the intelligibility of 2 sentences presented simultaneously. Dual-carrier (DC) processing (Apoux, Youngdahl, Yoho, & Healy, 2015) was used to introduce synthetic carrier cues in vocoded speech.

Method
Listeners with normal hearing heard sentences processed either with a DC or with a traditional single-carrier (SC) vocoder. One group was asked to repeat both sentences in a sentence pair (Experiment 1). The other group was asked to repeat only 1 sentence of the pair and was provided additional segregation cues involving onset asynchrony (Experiment 2).

Results
Both experiments showed that not only is the “target” sentence more intelligible in DC compared with SC, but the “background” sentence intelligibility is equally enhanced. The participants did not benefit from the additional segregation cues.

Conclusions
The data showed a clear benefit of using a distinct carrier to convey each sentence (i.e., DC processing). Accordingly, the poor speech intelligibility in noise typically observed with SC-vocoded speech may be partly attributed to the envelope of independent sound sources sharing the same carrier. Moreover, this work suggests that noise reduction may not be the only viable option to improve speech intelligibility in noise for users of cochlear implants. Alternative approaches aimed at enhancing sound source segregation such as DC processing may help to improve speech intelligibility while preserving and enhancing the background.
Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions Reveal an Efficient Auditory Efferent Network
Authors: Marian Viorica , Lam Tuan Q. , Hayakawa Sayuri , Dhar Sumitrajit 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Understanding speech often involves processing input from multiple modalities. The availability of visual information may make auditory input less critical for comprehension. This study examines whether the auditory system is sensitive to the presence of complementary sources of input when exerting top-down control over the amplification of speech stimuli.

Method

Auditory gain in the cochlea was assessed by monitoring spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs), which are by-products of the amplification process. SOAEs were recorded while 32 participants (23 women, nine men;
M
age
= 21.13) identified speech sounds such as “ba” and “ga.” The speech sounds were presented either alone or with complementary visual input, as well as in quiet or with 6-talker babble.

Results
Analyses revealed that there was a greater reduction in the amplification of noisy auditory stimuli compared with quiet. This reduced amplification may aid in the perception of speech by improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Critically, there was a greater reduction in amplification when speech sounds were presented bimodally with visual information relative to when they were presented unimodally. This effect was evidenced by greater changes in SOAE levels from baseline to stimuli presentation in audiovisual trials relative to audio-only trials.

Conclusions
The results suggest that even the earliest stages of speech comprehension are modulated by top-down influences, resulting in changes to SOAEs depending on the presence of bimodal or unimodal input. Neural processes responsible for changes in cochlear function are sensitive to redundancy across auditory and visual input channels and coordinate activity to maximize efficiency in the auditory periphery.
Time Course of the Second Morpheme Processing During Spoken Disyllabic Compound Word Recognition in Chinese
Authors: Shen Wei , Li Zhao , Tong Xiuhong 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the time course of meaning activation of the 2nd morpheme processing of compound words during Chinese spoken word recognition using eye tracking technique with the printed-word paradigm.

Method
In the printed-word paradigm, participants were instructed to listen to a spoken target word (e.g., “大方”, /da4fang1/, generous) while presented with a visual display composed of 3 words: a morphemic competitor (e.g., “圆形”, /yuan2xing2/, circle), which was semantically related to the 2nd morpheme (e.g., “方”, /fang1/, square) of the spoken target word; a whole-word competitor (e.g., “吝啬”, /lin4se4/, stingy), which was semantically related to the spoken target word at the whole-word level; and a distractor, which was semantically related to neither the morpheme or the whole target word. Participants were asked to respond whether the spoken target word was on the visual display or not, and their eye movements were recorded.

Results
The logit mixed-model analysis showed both the morphemic competitor and the whole-word competitor effects. Both the morphemic and whole-word competitors attracted more fixations than the distractor. More importantly, the 2nd-morphemic competitor effect occurred at a relatively later time window (i.e., 1000–1500 ms) compared with the whole-word competitor effect (i.e., 200–1000 ms).

Conclusion
Findings in this study suggest that semantic information of both the 2nd morpheme and the whole word of a compound was activated in spoken word recognition and that the meaning activation of the 2nd morpheme followed the activation of the whole word.
Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars from Gaia DR2
Authors: Kervella Pierre , Gallenne Alexandre , Evans Nancy Remage , Szabados Laszlo , Arenou Frédéric , Mérand Antoine , Nardetto Nicolas , Gieren Wolfgang , Pietrzynski Grzegorz 
Published: November 2018

Context. The multiplicity of classical Cepheids (CCs) and RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) is still imperfectly known, particularly for RRLs.
Aims. In order to complement the close-in short orbital period systems presented in Paper I, our aim is to detect the wide, spatially resolved companions of the targets of our reference samples of Galactic CCs and RRLs.
Methods. Angularly resolved common proper motion pairs were detected using a simple progressive selection algorithm to separate the most probable candidate companions from the unrelated field stars.
Results. We found 27 resolved, high probability gravitationally bound systems with CCs out of 456 examined stars, and one unbound star embedded in the circumstellar dusty nebula of the long-period Cepheid RS Pup. We found seven spatially resolved, probably bound systems with RRL primaries out of 789 investigated stars, and 22 additional candidate pairs. We report in particular new companions of three bright RRLs: OV And (companion of F4V spectral type), RR Leo (M0V), and SS Oct (K2V). In addition, we discovered resolved companions of 14 stars that were likely misclassified as RRLs.
Conclusions. The detection of resolved non-variable companions around CCs and RRLs facilitates the validation of their Gaia DR2 parallaxes. The possibility to conduct a detailed analysis of the resolved coeval companions of CCs and old population RRLs will also be valuable to progress on our understanding of their evolutionary path.
Zertifikat „Berufsdermatologie“
Authors: Diepgen T. , Elsner P. 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungBerufsbedingte Hauterkrankungen stellen eine besondere Herausforderung bez. Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention dar. Zur Qualitätssicherung in der Berufsdermatologie führt daher die zuständige Fachgesellschaft „Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Berufs- und Umweltdermatologie (ABD)“ in der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG) seit über 20 Jahren mit großem Erfolg mehre ganztägige Fortbildungsveranstaltungen durch. Nach Teilnahme an den 4 jeweils ganztägigen Zertifizierungsseminaren der ABD (Grund-, Aufbau-, Spezialseminar I und II [Hautkrebs]) können Dermatologinnen und Dermatologen das Zertifikat „Berufsdermatologie (ABD)“ erhalten. Eine Teilnahme an den Zertifizierungsseminaren bereits während der Facharztausbildung ist durchaus empfehlenswert, um berufsdermatologische Abläufe im Klinikalltag besser verstehen zu können. Für die Re-Zertifizierung ist die Teilnahme an einem 1-tägigen ABD-Qualitätszirkel (7 Std.) innerhalb von 5 Jahren erforderlich. Inzwischen sind über 900 Dermatologinnen und Dermatologen von der ABD zertifiziert. Das interdisziplinäre ABD-Zertifikat wird von den Landesärztekammern anerkannt und kann im Praxisschild, Briefkopf geführt werden. Auf Ablauf und Inhalte der Zertifizierungsseminare wird nachgehend eingegangen.
Curriculum „Magistralrezepturen“
Authors: Staubach P. , Reimann H. , Melhorn S. , Hünerbein A. 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungViele Hauterkrankungen werden mit topischen Therapeutika behandelt. Das Management und Monitoring dieser topischen Therapien inklusive der Rezepturen ist die Kernkompetenz des Dermatologen. Neben der Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Haut fordert dies auch ein pharmazeutisches Grundwissen zu Vehikelsystemen und aktiven Substanzen. Die Magistralezepturen sind Verordnungsoptionen, die die Patientenversorgung besonders in der topischen Therapie sinnvoll optimieren. Durch das Curriculum „Magistralrezepturen“ sollen Grundkenntnisse zum Verordnen von Rezepturen mit hoher pharmakologischer und medizinischer Qualität vermittelt werden. Ergänzend besteht die Möglichkeit, eigene Individualrezepturen auf ihre Plausibilität überprüfen zu lassen. Dies alles führt zur Verbesserung der Rezepturqualität und damit zur optimierten Patientenversorgung.
Hip Taping Positively Alters Running Kinematics in Asymptomatic Females
Authors: Masters Ashleigh , Netto Kevin , Brooker Susi , Hopper Diana , Liew Bernard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGreater functional knee valgus (FKV) is thought to contribute to a greater risk of sustaining overuse running injuries. The hip is commonly implicated in greater functional knee valgus, but no studies have investigated the effects of hip taping on running kinematics. The present study investigated whether or not hip taping altered hip and knee kinematics compared to sham and no taping in female runners demonstrating excessive functional knee valgus. Lower limb stance-phase kinematics were collected from 23 female runners using three-dimensional motion capture. Participants performed over ground running at 3.5 m/s and 5.0 m/s. Three taping conditions (no tape; sham tape; hip tape) were tested. Statistical inference was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping Hotelling’s paired t-tests, with post-hoc paired t-tests. Hip taping significantly decreased hip adduction and internal rotation angles throughout stance phase by up to 7°, compared to sham and no taping. Hip taping significantly increased knee adduction, internal rotation, flexion, and reduced peak knee flexion angles, compared to no tape. Hip taping reduced excessive hip motion by clinically meaningful magnitudes, and also benefited knee frontal and transverse plane kinematics at the slower running speed. Hip taping may provide an immediate solution in correcting FKV in running.
Torsión testicular, anticuerpos antiesperma y repercusión clínica
Authors: García-Perdomo Herney Andrés , Arias Juan Camilo 
Published: November 2018

ResumenLa torsión testicular es una patología que afecta directamente la calidad del esperma de los pacientes debido a la ruptura de la barrera hematotesticular, lo cual hace que se formen anticuerpos antiesperma, que inclusive afectan al testículo contralateral. Múltiples estudios tanto en modelos animales como humanos, permiten hacer evidente la relación entre la torsión testicular y la formación de anticuerpos antiesperma y su repercusión clínica, principalmente, en la fertilidad.
Philosophy of religion and the scientific turn
Authors: Visala Aku , Vainio Olli-Pekka 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTraditionally, analytic philosophy of religion has focused almost solely on specifically philosophical questions about religion. These include the existence of God and divine attributes, religious language, and the justification of religious beliefs, just to mention a few. Recently, many scholars in the field have begun to engage more directly with scientific results. We suggest that this is a promising direction for philosophy of religion to take. Nevertheless, we want to warn philosophy of religion against the excessive focus on methodology that has preoccupied the “science and religion dialogue” in theology. Instead of attempting to formulate a general methodology for all possible engagements between philosophy of religion and the sciences, philosophers of religion would do well to focus on local and particular themes. Since there is no single method in philosophy and since scientific disciplines that have religious relevance vary in their methods as well, progress can be made only if philosophical tools are employed to analyse particular and clearly demarcated questions.
EU policies concerning Lebanon and the bilateral cooperation on migration and security – new challenges calling for new institutional practices?
Authors: Seeberg Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractArguing that a security–stability nexus is a dominant theme in shaping the EU’s foreign policy approach towards recent challenges in the Mediterranean, the article applies a historical institutionalist theoretical framework when analysing EU policies concerning Lebanon. The article discusses how the EU–Lebanese cooperation in the light of the unstable political environment in Lebanon is being impacted by the Syrian crisis and how this has been dealt with by EU institutions. It is argued that significant changes in the EU’s policies and practices over recent years have taken place. Related to the EU–Lebanon Association Council decision of November 2016 launching the EU–Lebanon Compact, new institutional systems and practices are established regarding cooperation within areas where the EU and Lebanon share common interests. Finally, it is shown that the EU’s institutional setup in connection with the Compact represents a pragmatic approach, which, dealing with a crisis situation, aims at making concrete and tangible practices possible.
Comparative genomics reveals the molecular determinants of rapid growth of the cyanobacteriumSynechococcus elongatusUTEX 2973
Authors: Ungerer Justin , Wendt Kristen E. , Hendry John I. , Maranas Costas D. , Pakrasi Himadri B. 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceThere has been recent interest in fast-growing microbes to accelerate discoveries in medicine, biology, and biotechnology. Additionally, microbes with rapid-growth properties are of significant industrial interest as a chassis for bioproduction. While such microbes have been identified, the determinants of their rapid growth remain poorly understood. In this study, we have elucidated the molecular basis for the rapid growth ofSynechococcus2973, a fast-growing oxygenic photosynthetic organism, and applied these insights to significantly enhance the growth rate of a related model cyanobacterium,Synechococcus7942. Such engineered photosynthetic microbes are expected to open the doors for significantly higher productivity under sustainable conditions.
A preliminary pragmatic model to evaluate poetry translation
Authors: Pallavi Kiran , Mojibur Rahman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe article presents a Preliminary Pragmatic Model (PPM) with the practical levels of pragmatic features. Poetry translation pose great difficulty in retaining the ‘extra-linguistic features’ of the source text and target text. When placing more emphasis on linguistic features, ‘extra-linguistics’ are ignored by the evaluators. This lack is largely due to the non authentication of pragmatics of the languages involved and the non-development of ‘extra-linguistic’ parameters for evaluation. Focusing on this fact, the study takes pragmatic as the common denominator between poetry and translation, and develops a pragmatic model. The model adopts the concept and objective from the prominent Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) model of Juliane House, and the two models of Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi and his team: (a) Practical Model for Translation Analysis and Assessment of Poetic Discourse, and (b) Semiotic Model for Poetry Translation. The model is an extended part of Vahid’s model with pragmatic (features) layering. The article is prefaced with a brief description of the pragmatic features and functions to explain how and why it matters to compare poetry translation. Later, the effectiveness of the model is tested with a randomly-selected short poem by Gulzar and its English translation by Nirupama Dutt. Gulzar is an Indian poet writing in Hindustani (a mix of Hindi and Urdu). Versing mostly in free style, he makes his poems pragmatically poignant with unusual imagery. Evaluating his poems through the model verifies its working. The findings (tabulated, compared, and discussed) show literal translation of metaphors that becomes displaced as well as losing the sense in the poem. Thus, the translation misses the pragmatic force of Gulzar’s philosophy and does not achieve dynamic equivalence. The study recommends the application of pragmatic procedure for evaluation of poetry translation and offer new possibilities in translation research.
Impact and usage of the shear thickening fluid (STF) material in damping vibration of bolted flange joints
Authors: Guo Yacong , Wei Yanpeng , Zou Jinlong , Huang Chenguang , Wu Xianqian , Liu Zishang , Yang Zhe 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Bolted flange joints in fuzes undergo high acceleration during penetration, along with nonlinear responses which are forced reaction, structural vibrations, and shock effects. Vibrations of high frequencies aggregate noises and make it harder for the signal processing of fuzes. This study proposed an effective and innovative method of suppressing vibrations of high frequencies caused by impact loading. Shear thickening fluids (STFs) were stuffed into bolted flange joints. A damper of 57 vol/vol% dense silica particle-ethylene glycol suspension was inserted into gaps between the surfaces of the incident bar and the flange. Based on a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar, pulse widths, amplitudes, and structural frequencies of both impact and vibrational response regions were evaluated to examine the effectiveness of the STF damper. The amplitude and pulse width in the vibrational response region were significantly reduced, since this suspension forms jamming clusters subjected to impulses, attenuating the shockwaves. The STF fillers under various lengths of projectiles from 50 mm–400 mm were discussed to validate effectiveness. Further comparisons with epoxy resin fillers with various curing times indicated that the STF inhibited high frequency oscillations as a protector, and damped the dominant frequency of the original structure. However, experimental data showed that the transmission pulse of the incident bar was similar to joints without protection, indicating that the force transmission ratio was not affected by the fillers. These results show the feasibility of STFs as energy absorbers for vibration reduction of bolted flange joints.
Research on Pin-load Distribution for Countersunk Joint Considering Accumulated Damage of Composite Laminates
Authors: Liu X D , Zhang H M , Liu N , Li L J 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a numerical simulation about the damage process of the multiple countersunk bolted double-lap joints based on the cumulative damage theory which is widely used to estimate the mechanical strength of fastener joints, the Hashin’s failure criterion, and the Tan’s stiffness degradation model, and investigates the influence of the composite materials cumulative damage on the pin-load distribution. The numerical model of composite joints has been established in the commercial finite element software ANSYS to research the influence of the composite cumulative damage on the pin-load distribution, to assess the feasibility of integral analysis as well as to evaluate the error and rationality of traditional methods by applying the global analysis technology. The conclusions demonstrate that the results obtained with the method of composite cumulative damage considering properties degradation are close to those of conventional methods. The pin-load distribution is characterized by “Bolts at both ends bearing greater load, the central bolts bearing smaller load” during the whole loading process. Using conventional methods to study the pin-load distribution is easy and efficient to meet the needs of engineering application.
The effect of using natural pozzolan-based cement concretes on zinc phosphated rebars corrosion
Authors: al-Swaidani Aref , al-Hajeh Tamer , Meziab Ayman 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Studies on using zinc phosphating in reinforced concrete (RC) field are still in the early stages. Use of natural pozzolan (NP) as cement replacement is growing rapidly in the construction industry due to its economical, ecological and technical benefits. Four phosphating baths were prepared; Zn phosphate (P-Zn), Zn-Ni phosphate (P-Zn-Ni), Zn-Cu phosphate (P-Zn-Cu) and Zn-Mn phosphate (P-Zn-Mn) respectively. Ø14 mm reinforcing steel bars were treated at 55-60 °C for 15 min in the phosphating baths. Concrete specimens were produced with different levels of NP; 0% (control specimen), 10 %, 20% and 30%, respectively. The effectiveness of using both NP and P-Zn coatings in retarding rebar corrosion has been investigated using an accelerated test after 28 and 90 days concrete curing. In addition, the bond strength between the concrete and the rebar was investigated by the pull-out test. Test results revealed that the concretes containing higher replacement levels of NP and rebars treated in bi-cationic baths exhibited corrosion initiation periods several times longer than the control specimens with uncoated steel and a zero NP content. Moreover, the results showed that the bond strength was not affected by adding NP and P-Zn coatings. SEM analysis was employed, as well.
Finite element analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete columns wrapped with FRP composites
Authors: Gora Abdurra’uf M , Jaganathan Jayaprakash , Anwar M P , Alengaram U Johnson 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping of reinforced concrete (RC) columns has increasingly become the most suitable method used to strengthen and rehabilitate RC columns. It is clear that limited studies have investigated the behaviour of eccentrically loaded RC columns wrapped with FRP composites. In the present study, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the behaviour of rectangular RC columns wrapped with glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets under concentric and eccentric loading. The FE model was developed in the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The variables within the FE model are the number of GFRP layers and the magnitude of load eccentricity. The FE analysis results showed that GFRP wrapping significantly improved the performance of the strengthened columns by delaying concrete rupture. The presence of load eccentricity reduced the load carrying capacity and performance of the strengthened RC columns. The FE model correlated well with the stress distribution trends observed in the literature.