bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creatinine, total cysteine and uric acid are associated with serum retinol in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Olsen Thomas , Vinknes Kathrine J. , Blomhoff Rune , Lysne Vegard , Midttun Øivind , Dhar Indu , Ueland Per M. , Svingen Gard F. T. , Pedersen Eva K. R. , Drevon Christian A. , Refsum Helga , Nygård Ottar K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
We hypothesized that biomarkers and dietary factors related to cardiovascular disease risk were associated with serum retinol and evaluated these potential associations in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
We used cross-sectional data from 4116 patients hospitalised for suspected CAD. Dietary data were obtained from a subgroup of 1962 patients using a food frequency questionnaire. Potential biomarkers and dietary factors were explored using linear regression modelling adjusted for age and sex. Regression coefficients and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) are given as % change in serum retinol per unit change in the predictors. Analyses were performed in the total population and in strata of serum retinol tertiles.

Results
In age- and sex-adjusted models, serum creatinine (standardized β: 0.38, 95% CI [0.35, 0.42]), plasma total cysteine (0.26, [0.23, 0.29]), serum uric acid (0.30, [0.26, 0.33]) and plasma neopterin (0.22, [0.18, 0.25]) were positively associated, whereas plasma serine (− 0.15, [− 0.18, − 0.12]) and serum C-reactive protein (− 0.15, [− 0.18, − 0.12]) were inversely associated with serum retinol. When we included the significant biomarkers in a multivariate model, the model explained 33% of the variability (R2 = 0.33) in serum retinol. The results were similar in the lower and upper tertiles of serum retinol. Weak or no associations were observed for dietary factors.

Conclusions
In patients with suspected CAD, concentrations of creatinine, cysteine and uric acid were positively associated with serum retinol. Future studies should assess whether retinol concentrations are influenced by metabolic alterations in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.
The Impact of Proximity on Consumer Fair Trade Engagement and Purchasing Behavior: The Moderating Role of Empathic Concern and Hypocrisy
Authors: Gillani Alvina , Kutaula Smirti , Leonidou Leonidas C. , Christodoulides Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe article reports the findings of an empirical study among consumers, regarding the impact of physical, social, and psychological proximity on their engagement to the fair trade idea and purchasing behavior. Based on a random sample of 211 British and 112 Indian consumers and using structural equation modeling, it was found that high levels of physical, social, and psychological proximity leads to high consumer fair trade engagement. Moreover, consumer fair trade engagement was confirmed to have a positive impact on fair trade purchasing behavior. Furthermore, consumer empathic concern was found to positively moderate the association between proximity and consumer fair trade engagement, while the opposite was true with regard to consumer hypocrisy. Finally, consumer nationality was found to have a control effect on physical, social, and psychological proximity, with the latter felt stronger among Indian, as opposed to British consumers.
Multiple-Partner Fertility and Cohort Change in the Prevalence of Half-Siblings
Authors: Amorim Mariana , Tach Laura M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe transformation of the American family under the second demographic transition has created more opportunities for parents to have children with multiple partners, but data limitations have hampered prevalence estimates of multiple-partner fertility from the perspective of children. This study uses nationally representative data from the 1979 and 1997 cohorts of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth to examine cohort change in children’s exposure to multiple-partner fertility. We find that one in five children in the 1979 cohort had at least one half-sibling by their 18th birthday, and the prevalence grew to more than one in four children by the 1997 cohort. A strong educational gradient in exposure to half-siblings persists across both cohorts, but large racial/ethnic disparities have narrowed over time. Using demographic decomposition techniques, we find that change in the racial/ethnic and socioeconomic composition of the U.S. population cannot explain the growth in exposure to half-siblings. We conclude by discussing the shifting patterns of fertility and family formation associated with sibling complexity and considering the implications for child development and social stratification.
Nieuwe beeldvormende technieken bij de diagnostiek van het prostaatcarcinoom
Authors: Oprea-Lager Daniela E. , Comans Emile F. I. 
Published: September 2019

Samenvatting
In dit artikel worden beeldvormende technieken besproken die worden gebruikt bij de diagnostiek van prostaatkanker en worden toekomstige ontwikkelingen op dit terrein belicht. Nieuwe en op dit moment bij voorkeur gebruikte beeldvormende technieken (prostaatspecifiek membraanantigeen (PSMA), positronemissietomografie met computertomografie (PET/CT) en whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) met diffusiegewogen opname, detecteren metastasen die met de traditionele technieken (botscan en computertomografie (CT)) onopgemerkt zouden zijn gebleven. Gegevens over de daadwerkelijk klinische functionaliteit van deze nieuwe technieken ontbreken echter nog. Dit leidt tot praktische dilemma’s bij de behandeling van patiënten met prostaatkanker, omdat de resultaten van grote klinische studies zijn gebaseerd op oude beeldvormende technieken. Deze dilemma’s kunnen pas worden opgelost als de diagnostische accuratesse van de nieuwe beeldvormende technieken, en de klinische consequenties van vroege detectie van metastasen, bekend zijn.
Active surveillance voor prostaatkanker: vergelijking van uitkomsten tussen patiënten die wel of niet aan de PRIAS-criteria voldoen
Authors: Soeterik Timo F. W. , van Melick Harm H. E. , Dijksman Lea M. , Biesma Douwe H. , Witjes J. A. (Fred) , van Basten Jean-Paul A. 
Published: September 2019

Samenvatting
Er is onvoldoende bekend over de prognose van patiënten met prostaatkanker onder active surveillance (AS) die niet aan de PRIAS-inclusiecriteria voldoen. In een cohort van 1.000 patiënten uit zes ziekenhuizen werd onderzocht of ‘PRIAS-ongeschikte’ patiënten onder AS een hogere kans hadden op een ongunstigere PA na radicale prostatectomie (RP) en op metastasen. Van de 1.000 patiënten voldeed circa de helft niet aan de PRIAS-criteria. Zij hadden significant eerder tumorprogressie en een verhoogd risico op een positief snijvlak en ongunstige histologische uitkomsten na uitgestelde RP, vergeleken met patiënten die wél aan de PRIAS-criteria voldeden. In de totale populatie werd verder vastgesteld dat PSA-densiteit ≥ 0,2 een belangrijke individuele predictor is van biochemische progressie na RP en het ontwikkelen van metastasen.
Analysis of EU Regulation 2019/933 on the SPC Manufacturing Waiver Exception
Authors: Vidal-Quadras Miguel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
At the end of May 2018, the European Commission published a proposal for a Regulation amending the SPC Regulation to introduce a specific new exception that has been called the manufacturing waiver. The objective of this Regulation is to boost the European generic and biosimilar industry and make it competitive in relation to third-country competitors and in other markets. There were three aspects of the initial proposal that could have jeopardised the objective of the new legislation: its application was deferred for up to 15 years, the exception to manufacturing was only for export and not to enter the EU market after the expiry of the SPC, and the existence of safeguards that would have forced the maker to provide sensitive confidential business information. The European Parliament and the Council were sensitive to all these limitations and proposed an important revision of the text which was finally approved as Regulation (EU) 2019/933. This article explains the rationale behind the legislation and the modifications that have been introduced in the final text, which was approved on 20 May 2019 and entered into force on 1 July 2019, to achieve the objectives pursued.
Effective sugar-derived organic gelator for three different types of lubricant oils to improve tribological performance
Authors: Zhang Ruochong , Liu Xuqing , Guo Zhiguang , Cai Meirong , Shi Lei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, the gelling ability and lubrication performance of N-octadecyl-D-gluconamides (NOG) in liquid paraffin (LP), pentaerythritol oleate (PE-OA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) oils were systemically investigated. The NOG, which could gelate the investigated oils, was successfully synthesized by a one-step method. The prepared gel lubricants were completely thermoreversible and exhibited improved thermal stability, according to the thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) reports. Rheological tests confirmed that the NOG gelator could effectively regulate the rheological behavior of the base oils. Tribological evaluation suggested that NOG, as an additive in the three types of base oils, could remarkably reduce the friction and wear in steel contacts. A plausible mechanism for the improved performances was proposed based on the mechanical strength of the gels and the formation of the boundary-lubricating film on the worn surface. The results indicated that NOG is a potential gelator for preparing gel lubricants with excellent tribological properties and environment-friendly characteristics.
Comparison of sodium removal in peritoneal dialysis patients treated by continuous ambulatory and automated peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Maharjan Sarju Raj Singh , Davenport Andrew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundOptimal fluid balance for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients requires both water and sodium removal. Previous studies have variously reported that continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) removes more or equivalent amounts of sodium than automated PD (APD) cyclers. We therefore wished to determine peritoneal dialysate losses with different PD treatments.MethodsPeritoneal and urinary sodium losses were measured in 24-h collections of urine and PD effluent in patients attending for their first assessment of peritoneal membrane function. We adjusted fluid and sodium losses for CAPD patients for the flush before fill technique.ResultsWe reviewed the results from 659 patients, mean age 57 ± 16 years, 56.3% male, 38.9% diabetic, 24.0% treated by CAPD, 22.5% by APD and 53.5% APD with a day-time exchange, with icodextrin prescribed to 72.8% and 22.7 g/L glucose to 31.7%. Ultrafiltration was greatest for CAPD 650 (300–1100) vs 337 (103–598) APD p < 0.001, vs 474 (171–830) mL/day for APD with a day exchange. CAPD removed most sodium 79 (33–132) vs 23 (− 2 to 51) APD p < 0.001, and 51 (9–91) for APD with a day exchange, and after adjustment for the CAPD flush before fill 57 (20–113), p < 0.001 vs APD. APD patients with a day exchanged used more hypertonic glucose dialysates [0 (0–5) vs CAPD 0 (0–1) L], p < 0.001.ConclusionCAPD provides greater ultrafiltration and sodium removal than APD cyclers, even after adjusting for the flush-before fill, despite greater hypertonic usage by APD cyclers. Ultrafiltration volume and sodium removal were similar between CAPD and APD with a day fill.
Preparation of a Novel Clay/Dye Composite and its Application in Contaminant Detection
Authors: Wu Limei , Bao Xuyuan , Zhong Haoyu , Pan Yuwei , Lv Guocheng , Liao Libing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough fluorescence detection is a sensitive method in the field of pollutant analysis, its application is restricted due to the fluorescence shown by organic material being quenched after aggregation and to low photo-thermal stability. To address these issues, a novel mineral/dye composite material was prepared by intercalating a fluorescence molecule, Rhodamine (R6G), into the interlayer space of montmorillonite (Mnt). This composite material greatly enhanced the light stability and efficiency of R6G. After enhancement, the fluorescence lifetime of R6G-Mnt was eight times longer than originally and the luminous intensity was 20 times greater. Chromium at the mmol/L (mM) level can be detected by the naked eye when its enhanced fluorescent property is fabricated into a solid test paper, even though a fluorescence spectrophotometer should be used for detection at the 0.01 μmol/L level in the sensing range 0.01 μmol/L to 100 mmol/L. These results can provide new avenues as well as a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of novel supramolecular luminescent material.
The critical role of co-worker involvement: An extended measure of the workplace environment to support work–life balance
Authors: Bradley Lisa , McDonald Paula , Cox Stephen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper extends the work of Thompson, Beauvais, and Lyness (1999, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 392–415) on work–family culture by considering the role co-workers play. The proposed extended measure encompasses non-work spheres beyond the family as it has been established that much of the extant research does not include a large part of the workforce – those without childcare responsibilities (Kelliher, Richardson & Boiarintseva [2019, Human Resource Management Journal, 29, 101]). The extended measure constitutes Thompson et al.'s (1999) three original dimensions plus two additional dimensions: co-worker involvement (support and consequences) and gender expectations. Two quantitative studies confirmed that the extended measure is robust for different types of workers (part- and full-time, males and females). The co-worker dimensions were significantly associated with several outcome measures; however, the gender expectation dimensions added little additional variance in relation to employee outcomes. The results support the inclusion of co-workers as an important dimension of the workplace environment that supports work and life balance.
CHAITIN’S Ω AS A CONTINUOUS FUNCTION
Authors: HÖLZL RUPERT , MERKLE WOLFGANG , MILLER JOSEPH , STEPHAN FRANK , YU LIANG 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe prove that the continuous function${\rm{\hat \Omega }}:2^\omega \to $ that is defined via$X \mapsto \mathop \sum \limits_n 2^{ - K\left( {Xn} \right)} $ for all $X \in {2^\omega }$ is differentiable exactly at the Martin-Löf random reals with the derivative having value 0; that it is nowhere monotonic; and that $\mathop \smallint \nolimits _0^1{\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}\left( X \right)\,{\rm{d}}X$ is a left-c.e. $wtt$-complete real having effective Hausdorff dimension ${1 / 2}$.We further investigate the algorithmic properties of ${\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}$. For example, we show that the maximal value of ${\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}$ must be random, the minimal value must be Turing complete, and that ${\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}\left( X \right) \oplus X{ \ge _T}\emptyset \prime$ for every X. We also obtain some machine-dependent results, including that for every $\varepsilon > 0$, there is a universal machine V such that ${{\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}_V}$ maps every real X having effective Hausdorff dimension greater than ε to a real of effective Hausdorff dimension 0 with the property that $X{ \le _{tt}}{{\rm{\hat{\Omega }}}_V}\left( X \right)$; and that there is a real X and a universal machine V such that ${{\rm{\Omega }}_V}\left( X \right)$ is rational.
Testing sealed-tube Graphitization at the NERC Radiocarbon facility, east Kilbride
Authors: Cisneros-Dozal Luz Maria , Xu Xiaomei , Xu Sheng 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTGraphitization of 0.5–1.5 mg C, and of smaller samples to a lesser extent, is routinely done at our Facility by reduction over zinc. The method yields low background, good accuracy but offers a limited throughput, requires dedicated equipment and considerable operator time. Sealed-tube graphitization is faster, easier and cost-efficient producing as many graphites as CO2 can be purified in one day with low background, good accuracy and precision, provided precise measurements of δ13C values can be attained by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to correct for isotope fractionation (Xu et al. 2007). We tested sealed-tube graphitization on 0.1 to 1.0 mg C samples and found that while we were able to obtain low backgrounds of >57,000 ±1000 yr BP for ∼1.7 mg C and 41,230 ± 430 yr BP for ∼0.09 mg C (0.0008 ± 0.0001 and 0.0059 ± 0.0003 Fraction Modern, respectively), results were variable for sample sizes <0.5 mg C. Measurements of FIRI Belfast Cellulose and TIRI Barleymash showed 0.3–0.6% precision and 1% accuracy for most sample sizes. We found better results in our laboratory by introducing the following modifications: (1) shorter inner tube (2 cm long), (2) short flame-seal length (∼7–8 cm) and (3) keeping the inner tube with iron separate from the outer tube containing zinc and titanium hydride during cleaning.
Radiocarbon Calibration around AD 1900 from Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris) tree rings from Northern Norway
Authors: Svarva Helene , Grootes Pieter , Seiler Martin , Thun Terje , Værnes Einar , Nadeau Marie-Josée 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTTo resolve an inconsistency around AD 1895 between radiocarbon (14C) measurements on oak from the British Isles and Douglas fir and Sitka spruce from the Pacific Northwest, USA, we measured the 14C content in single-year tree rings from a Scots pine tree (Pinus sylvestris L.), which grew in a remote location in Saltdal, northern Norway. The dataset covers the period AD 1864–1937 and its results are in agreement with measurements from the US Pacific coast around 1895. The most likely explanation for older ages in British oak in this period seems to be 14C depletion associated with the combustion of fossil fuels.
Predation byEngytatus varians(Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae) onBactericera cockerelli(Sulcer) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and twoSpodopteraspecies
Authors: Pineda S. , Hernández-Quintero O. , Velázquez-Rodríguez Y. B. , Viñuela E. , Figueroa J. I. , Morales S. I. , Martínez-Castillo A. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPredation byEngytatus varians(Distant) adults on different development stages of the prey speciesBactericera cockerelli(Sulcer) (egg, second, and third nymphal instars),Spodoptera exigua(Hübner) andSpodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith) (egg, first, and second larval instars) was evaluated using tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) leaflets or plants. These insects are the primary pest of several agriculturally important crops. The influence ofE. variansage on the predation capacity was also analysed.Engytatus variansfemales consumed significantly moreB. cockerellieggs and nymphs than males. Additionally, female predators consumed significantly more second than third instar prey at two predator ages, while males consumed significantly more the second instar than third instar prey at all predator ages. In most of the cases, females also consumed significantly moreS. exiguaandS. frugiperdaeggs than males; however, in terms of larvae consumption, this difference was observed only in some predator ages. Females consumed more the first than second instarS. exiguathan males, whereas this behaviour was only observed in males when the predators were 15 and 17 days old. No significant differences were observed in the consumption of first and second instar ofS. frugiperdafor both sexes of the predators. Predator age did not cause any systematic effects on the predation rates of any prey species. Based on these results, we confirmed thatE. varianshas potential as a biological control agent forB. cockerelliand also for theSpodopteraspecies bioassayed.
Estimation of natural mortality in two demersal squat lobster species off Chile
Authors: Canales T. Mariella , Wiff Rodrigo , Quiroz Juan Carlos , Queirolo Dante 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNatural mortality (M) is a key parameter for understanding population dynamics, especially in relation to harvested populations. Direct observations ofMin crustaceans are scarce, due to the moulting process. Indirect methods to estimateMwith easier-to-obtain life history attributes are therefore used routinely. Given their theoretical background, we reviewed the applicability of these methods for crustaceans. We applied the selected methods to two crustacean species harvested in Chilean waters: the yellow squat lobster (Cervimunida johni) and red squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon). Uncertainty of eachMestimate was incorporated in the life history parameters that input into the indirect method (trait-error) and parameters defining the indirect method (coefficient-trait-error). Methods based on the relationship between total mortality and maximum age, or with different ages and based on life history theory were the most appropriate for crustaceans since they apply across taxa.Mestimates showed high variability between species, sexes and areas. Estimations ofMforC. johnivaried from 0.13 to 0.28 (year−1) for males and 0.17 to 0.51 (year−1) for females. ForP. monodonvalues for the north varied from 0.26 to 0.37 (year−1) for males and 0.24 to 0.45 (year−1) for females. In the south, values ofMwere higher for both males (0.43–0.68 year−1) and females (0.41–1.06 year−1). High variability in theMestimates was associated with the method and number of parameters, their uncertainty, theoretical background and probability distribution.Mestimates are not comparable, raising the need to propagate the uncertainty ofMinto the stock assessment of Chilean squat lobsters.
Verification of ageing methods for the burrowing shrimp, Neotrypaea californiensis, using extractable lipofuscin and gastric mill cuticular features
Authors: Bosley Katelyn M. , Coleman Natalie , Dumbauld Brett R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe burrowing shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis is an important ecosystem engineer that inhabits estuaries along the US Pacific Northwest coast. This species plays an important role in the estuarine ecosystem but negatively impacts oyster aquaculture through its burrowing activities. Development of population models for burrowing shrimp management requires more detailed life history information and accurate estimates of age. Ageing studies have been limited for crustaceans because it is generally believed that they do not retain structures with annual deposits commonly used to age other marine organisms, when they moult their exoskeletons. A mesocosm growth experiment and field surveys were combined to compare the performance of two ageing techniques, quantification of autofluorescent lipofuscin and gastric mill ossicular lamellae, for estimating age in N. californiensis. Animals of known age were grown in outdoor mesocosms and sampled regularly to correlate age metrics with body size and true age. Lipofuscin concentration increased with time across multiple cohorts at the rate of 1.430 ± 0.060 ng µg−1 year−1. Lamellae counts also increased with time (4.922 ± 0.337 lamellae year−1). While age estimates based on lipofuscin concentration and lamellae counts generally agreed, carapace size did not correlate to either age metric. Lamellae counts from field collections suggest they are added sequentially with age but the relationship can vary by location. When used together, the application of both techniques may provide robust estimates of crustacean age especially when size-based measurements are imprecise.