bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expérimenter la transition écologique dans les ruelles de Montréal
Authors: Audet René , Segers Ian , Manon Mathilde 
Published: July 2019

Les changements climatiques découlent de problèmes persistants qui exigent d’innover dans les manières de les aborder. Les expérimentations de transition représentent à ce titre de belles occasions. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter le projet d’expérimentationNos milieux de vie !mené à Montréal avec l’organisme Solon, et de rendre compte des apprentissages acquis lors des premières phases du projet et des adaptations à la démarche des expérimentations de transition auxquels elles ont donné lieu. Les explications de la démarche du projetNos milieux de vie !et la présentation des résultats de la première année permettent d’identifier quatre apprentissages principaux : le rôle crucial de Solon comme organisme de médiation, l’existence de temporalités diverses au sein du projet, l’importance de s’adapter aux demandes et aux besoins des participants, et l’existence de déterminants sociaux de la transition écologique.
Shared mycorrhizae but distinct communities of other root-associated microbes on co-occurring native and invasive maples
Authors: DeBellis Tonia , Kembel Steven W. , Lessard Jean-Philippe 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundBiological invasions are major drivers of environmental change that can significantly alter ecosystem function and diversity. In plants, soil microbes play an important role in plant establishment and growth; however, relatively little is known about the role they might play in biological invasions. A first step to assess whether root microbes may be playing a role in the invasion process is to find out if invasive plants host different microbes than neighbouring native plant species.MethodsIn this study we investigated differences in root associated microbes of native sugar maple (Acer saccharumMarsh.) and exotic Norway maple (A. platanoidesL.) collected from a forested reserve in eastern Canada. We used microscopy to examine root fungi and high-throughput sequencing to characterize the bacterial, fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal communities of both maple species over one growing season.ResultsWe found differences in root associated bacterial and fungal communities between host species. Norway maple had a higher bacterial and fungal OTU (operational taxonomic units) richness compared to sugar maple, and the indicator species analysis revealed that nine fungal OTUs and three bacterial OTUs had a significant preference for sugar maple. The dominant bacterial phyla found on the roots of both maple species were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The most common fungal orders associated with the Norway maple roots (in descending order) were Helotiales, Agaricales, Pleosporales, Hypocreales, Trechisporales while the Agaricales, Pleosporales, Helotiales, Capnodiales and Hypocreales were the dominant orders present in the sugar maple roots. Dark septate fungi colonization levels were higher in the sugar maple, but no differences in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and colonization rates were detected between maple species.DiscussionOur findings show that two congeneric plant species grown in close proximity can harbor distinct root microbial communities. These findings provide further support for the importance of plant species in structuring root associated microbe communities. The high colonization levels observed in Norway maple demonstrates its compatibility with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the introduced range. Plant-associated microbial communities can affect host fitness and function in many ways; therefore, the observed differences suggest a possibility that biotic interactions can influence the dynamics between native and invasive species.
A Novel Test System for Genotyping rs43703016 Single-nucleotide Substitutions in the Bovine CSN3 Gene
Authors: Kovalchuk Svetlana , Tagmazyan Arina , Klimov Eugene 
Published: July 2019

Aims: Caseins are among the main milk proteins that determine many of its properties. Bovine kappa-casein (CSN3) is associated with the qualitative composition of milk, as well as with the quality of cheese obtained from this milk. The rs43703016 single-nucleotide substitution (g.88532332A>C; Asp148Ala) in exon 4 of the bovine CSN3 gene plays an important role in the production of quality hard cheeses. Various methods for the DNA testing of this substitution have been developed in the last three decades. Emergent DNA technologies provide an opportunity to modernize methods of genotyping single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
Results: We have developed and verified a method to differentiate A/C alleles of the rs43703016 substitution in the bovine CSN3 gene by real-time PCR using allele-specific fluorescent probes.
Conclusion: Our new method allows fast genotyping of animals, and may be used for selection of cows carrying the CC genotype, which determines good cheese-making properties of milk.
Antibacterial Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Pennyroyal, Cinnamon and Rhubarb on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Gheisari Zohreh , Kalani Leila , Khaledi Mansoor , Nouri Ali , Milasi Yaser Eshaghi , Hossainy Nahal , Soleymani Ali 
Published: July 2019

Background: Medicinal plants have been used for many different purposes in the past. These plants may produce antimicrobial metabolites that affect the natural growth of microorganisms. The aim of this research was to study the antibacterial properties of rhubarb, cinnamon and pennyroyal on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of pennyroyal, cinnamon and rhubarb on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated after their collection and extraction process. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of this extract on bacteria were also measured.
Results: The MIC of hydro alcoholic extract of pennyroyal was above 400 mg/ml for both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Also the MBC has been reported 400 and 500 mg/dL, respectively. The MIC of cinnamon extract for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were reported 250 and higher and 500 and higher, respectively. Also, the MBC was reported 500 and 600 mg/ml, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to rhubarb plant extract, and the MIC and the MBC for Staphylococcus aureus were reported 200 mg/ml and higher and 400 mg/ml and higher, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the hydro alcoholic extract of cinnamon, pennyroyal and rhubarb has anti bacterial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.
Epigenetic inheritance and plant evolution
Authors: Miryeganeh Matin , Saze Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBeing sessile organisms, plants show a high degree of developmental plasticity to cope with a constantly changing environment. While plasticity in plants is largely controlled genetically, recent studies have demonstrated the importance of epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, for gene regulation and phenotypic plasticity in response to internal and external stimuli. Induced epigenetic changes can be a source of phenotypic variations in natural plant populations that can be inherited by progeny for multiple generations. Whether epigenetic phenotypic changes are advantageous in a given environment, and whether they are subject to natural selection is of great interest, and their roles in adaptation and evolution are an area of active research in plant ecology. This review is focused on the role of heritable epigenetic variation induced by environmental changes, and its potential influence on adaptation and evolution in plants.
A Composite Hydrogel Scaffold Permits Self‐Organization and Matrix Deposition by Cocultured Human Glomerular Cells
Authors: Tuffin Jack , Burke Madeline , Richardson Thomas , Johnson Timothy , Saleem Moin A. , Satchell Simon , Welsh Gavin I. , Perriman Adam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract3D scaffolds provide cells with a spatial environment that more closely resembles that of in vivo tissue, when compared to 2D culture on a plastic substrate. However, many scaffolding materials commonly used in tissue engineering tend to exhibit anisotropic morphologies that exhibit a narrow range of fiber diameters and pore sizes, which do not recapitulate extracellular matrices. In this study, a fibrin hydrogel is formed within the interstitial spaces of an electrospun poly(glycolic) acid (PGA) monolith to generate a composite, bimodal scaffold for the coculture of kidney glomerular cell lines. This new scaffold exhibits multiple fiber morphologies, containing both PGA microfibers (14.5 ± 2 µm) and fibrin gel nanofibers (0.14 ± 0.09 µm), which increase the compressive Young's modulus beyond that of either of the constituents. The composite structure provides an enhanced 3D environment that increases proliferation and adhesion of immortalized human podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. Moreover, the micro/nanoscale fibrous morphology promotes motility and reorganization of the glomerular cells into glomerulus‐like structures, resulting in the deposition of organized collagen IV; the primary component of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM).
High‐Performance P‐Type Copper(I) Thiocyanate Thin Film Transistors Processed from Solution at Low Temperature
Authors: Ji Yena , Lee Han Ju , Lee Seonjeong , Cho Kyung Gook , Lee Keun Hyung , Hong Kihyon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSemiconducting copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is actively studied for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Although various kinds of CuSCN‐based transistors are reported, these devices suffer from low charge carrier mobility of about 0.01–0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Here, ion gel electrolyte consisting of network polymer and ionic liquid is used as a high capacitance gate insulator to achieve high performance CuSCN‐based electrolyte‐gated transistors (CuSCN‐EGTs) with low operation voltage below 1 V. 30 nm thick CuSCN semiconductor film can be formed by a simple solution process with a low processing temperature (≈100 °C) that is directly applicable to flexible plastic substrates. By doping copper iodide to the CuSCN semiconductor, device performance including drain current and charge carrier mobility of the CuSCN EGT can be improved significantly. The measured charge carrier mobility of ≈0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 is the highest among the reported CuSCN transistors using various gate insulators. These CuSCN‐EGTs also display good operation stability under continuous quasistatic external gate voltage sweeps. Such superior electrical performance and versatile processability of ion gel–gated CuSCN transistors make them suitable for use in complimentary circuits and large‐area flexible electronics.
Coupling‐Mediated Selective Spin‐to‐Plasmonic‐Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion
Authors: Xu Quan , Ma Shaojie , Hu Cong , Xu Yuehong , Ouyang Chunmei , Zhang Xueqian , Li Yanfeng , Zhang Wentao , Tian Zhen , Gu Jianqiang , Zhang Xixiang , Zhang Shuang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrbital angular momentum (OAM) has been recently introduced to plasmonics for generating plasmonic vortices with a helical wavefront, opening avenues for exotic on‐chip applications such as quantum information processing and communications. In previous demonstrations, carefully designed optical elements are used to convert left‐ and right‐circular polarizations into plasmonic vortices with different topological charges, resulting in conversion from optical spin angular momentum (SAM) to plasmonic OAM. Here, it is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that by utilizing the near‐field coupling between paired resonators in a metasurface, selective conversion from optical SAM to plasmonic OAM is realized, where generation of plasmonic vortices can be achieved for incident light of one circular polarization while significantly suppressed for the other circular polarization. The proposed design scheme may motivate the design and fabrication of future practical plasmonic devices.
Stereoselective Construction of Nitrile‐Substituted Cyclopropanes from 2‐Substituted Ethenesulfonyl Fluorides via Carbon‐Sulfur Bond Cleavage
Authors: Liu Hao , Moku Balakrishna , Li Fei , Ran Jiabing , Han Jinsong , Long Sihui , Zha Gao‐Feng , Qin Hua‐Li 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe intermolecular cyclopropanation of 2‐aryl and 2‐styryl substituted ethenesulfonyl fluorides with active cyano‐containing methylene compounds was described. This reaction proceeds via carbon‐sulfur bond cleavage under metal‐free conditions in up to 99% yield, affording a variety of nitrile‐substituted cyclopropanes with high diastereoselectivity.magnified image
Topography‐Directed Hot‐Water Super‐Repellent Surfaces
Authors: Zhu Pingan , Chen Rifei , Wang Liqiu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNatural and artificial super‐repellent surfaces are frequently textured with pillar‐based discrete structures rather than hole‐based continuous ones because the former exhibits lower adhesion from the reduced length of the three‐phase contact line. Counterintuitively, here, the unusual topographic effects are discovered on hot‐water super‐repellency where the continuous microcavity surface outperforms the discrete microneedle/micropillar surface. This anomaly arises from the different dependencies of liquid‐repellency stability on the surface structure and water temperature in the two topographies. The unexpected wetting dynamics are interpreted by determining timescales for droplet evaporation, vapor condensation, and droplet bouncing. The associated heat transfer process is unique to the wetting states and remarkably distinct from each other in the two topographies. It is envisioned that hot‐water super‐repellent microcavity surfaces will be advantageous for a variety of applications, especially when both self‐cleaning and thermal insulation are imperative, such as clothing for scald protection and digital microfluidics for exothermic reactions.
Peeling off Nanometer‐Thick Ferromagnetic Layers and Their van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Yuan Kai , Yao Xiaohan , Wang Hailong , Han Bo , Gao Peng , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Dai Lun , Zhao Jianhua , Ye Yu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe recent discovery of 2D van der Waals (vdWs) magnetic crystals provides an ideal platform for fundamental understanding of 2D magnetism, as well as the applications of low‐power spintronic devices. One can integrate 2D magnetic materials into vdWs heterostructures with engineered properties, and also manipulate the magnetism via electrostatic gating. However, due to their instability, the handing of 2D magnetic materials can only be carried out under the help of encapsulation with other 2D materials (such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)) in a glove box, which is the biggest barrier toward its practical applications. Here, an approach about peeling‐off and transfer of 2D ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As layers with thickness of ≈10–20 nm grown by the molecular beam epitaxy under ambient conditions is introduced. Transmission electron microscopy characterizations confirm the single‐crystalline nature of the lifted‐off (Ga,Mn)As. Superconducting quantum interference device measurements demonstrate that the lifted‐off (Ga,Mn)As maintains its ferromagnetism. Using vdWs heterostructure assembly, technique hBN/(Ga,Mn)As top‐gate Hall device and p‐(Ga,Mn)As/n‐MoS2 heterojunction diode are fabricated. The electrical transport measurements demonstrate the ferromagnetic nature and gate tunable magnetoresistance of the lifted‐off (Ga,Mn)As layer. This approach makes it possible to significantly expand the range of 2D ferromagnetic materials and their vdWs heterostructures.
Regulation of the Crystal Structure Leading to the Bandgap Widening and Phonon Scattering Increasing in Cu3SnS4‐Cu3SbSe3 Chalcogenides
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Lin Naiming , Han Zhongkang , Li Xie , Wang Haiyun , Cui Jiaolin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCu3SnS4 chalcogenide as a low‐cost, earth abundant thermoelectric material has recently attracted much attention. However, its Seebeck coefficient is rather low due to its metallic‐like behavior; therefore, substantial work is required to enhance its thermoelectric (TE) properties. In this work, an alternative method is proposed, that is, a regulation of the crystal structure through alloying with Cu3SbSe3. This regulation is realized by the incorporation of Sb and Se in the Cu3SnS4 host frame with an addition of Cu3SbSe3, thus altering the bond lengths (CuS and SnS) and bond angles (SCuS and SSnS), and leading to widening of the bandgap and the convergence of top valence bands. At the same time, the lattice thermal conductivity reduces by ≈50% at high temperatures, mainly triggered by the crystal structure distortion and introduced point defects. The approach of crystal structure regulation may help design the properties of other ternary CuSn(Sb)S(Se) compounds for TE applications.
Toward Multifunctional and Wearable Smart Skins with Energy‐Harvesting, Touch‐Sensing, and Exteroception‐Visualizing Capabilities by an All‐Polymer Design
Authors: Liang Guojin , Ruan Zhaoheng , Liu Zhuoxin , Li Hongfei , Wang Zifeng , Tang Zijie , Mo Funian , Yang Qi , Ma Longtao , Wang Donghong , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn all‐polymer design to realize multifunctional and wearable smart skin devices with energy‐harvesting, touch‐sensing, and exteroception‐visualizing capabilities is reported. The design process of the skin, material selection principles, and performance under different mechanical manipulations are systematically elaborated. Stretchable hydrogel electrodes are sandwiched by a triboelectric layer and a ZnS phosphor–embedded mechanoluminescent layer, while the mechanical stability is ensured by an in situ assembly configuration. Regarding the performance of the three capabilities, first, the smart skin can function as a triboelectric nanogenerator and delivers an output peak voltage of 180 V and a power density of 625 µW cm−2 with superb cyclic stability throughout 10 000 continuous contact–separation cycles. Second, the skin can detect a pressure limit of 0.58 kPa with a sensitivity of 0.23 kPa−1, where the location detection can be achieved by applying a pixel configuration to the device. Third, a light‐emitting response can be stimulated to allow for visualization of the magnitude and location of an applied force. Remarkably, the as‐developed smart skin exhibits robust vitality without degradation of functionality, even when the device is subjected to a high strain of 700%.
Low sleep time is associated with higher levels of blood pressure and fat mass in Amerindian schoolchildren
Authors: Álvarez Cristian , Lucia Alejandro , Ramírez‐Campillo Rodrigo , Martínez‐Salazar Cristian , Delgado‐Floody Pedro , Cadore Eduardo L. , Alonso‐Martínez Alicia M. , Izquierdo Mikel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesWhile altered sleep patterns (ie, low sleep time) have been studied and reported in adults as a new cardiometabolic risk factor, less information is available on how sleep patterns impact children of different ethnicities. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors in relation to different levels of sleep time in schoolchildren of Amerindian Mapuche or European‐ancestry of Southern Chile.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 540 Chilean schoolchildren (6‐13 years) were divided into two ethnic groups (n = 119 Mapuche Amerindians and n = 421 European‐ancestry). Groups were analyzed according to sleep time per day as registered by parents' report and distributed into quartile categories of sleep time: Mapuche (quartile 1 [Q1] ≥10.0 h, n = 34; Q2 9.5‐10.0 h, n = 29; Q3 8.5‐9.0 h, n = 31; and Q4 ≤ 8.5 h, n = 25), and European (Q1, n = 99; Q2, n = 77; Q3, n = 144; Q4, n = 101). The main cardiovascular parameters (systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure) were complemented with anthropometric/body composition (body mass, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, fat mass, muscle mass, lean mass), cardiorespiratory (heart rate rest, oxygen saturation), and muscle strength (handgrip of dominant and non‐dominant arm) outcomes.ResultsFrom Q1 and across Q2, Q3, and Q4, there was an increase in delta mean SBP in both Mapuche (Δ +17.6 mm Hg) and European (Δ +7.3 mm Hg) schoolchildren with 30‐90 min of decreased sleep time (using ≥10 h as reference in Q1). The tendency for worsening of other cardiometabolic risk factors was maintained for delta mean BMI (Δ +2.6 kg/m2), waist circumference (Δ +12 cm), and fat mass (Δ +8.3%) in Mapuches, whereas European peers showed only worsened waist circumference (Δ +6 cm) across Q2, Q3, and Q4 in comparison with reference Q1. There was also a higher prevalence of hypertension in Mapuche (31.1%) compared to in European schoolchildren (17.6%).ConclusionsMapuche and European schoolchildren show higher levels of SBP with a decrease in sleep time of 30 min; however, there is a higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity in ethnic Mapuches than in European schoolchildren. These findings indicate that more studies should be applied at early school ages for preventing low sleep time and their related cardiometabolic risk factors for hypertension development in different ethnic groups.
Anthropometric characteristics of newborns with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Salvatoni Alessandro , Moretti Alex , Grugni Graziano , Agosti Massimo , Azzolini Sara , Bonaita Valentina , Cianci Paola , Corica Domenico , Crinò Antonino , Delvecchio Maurizio , Ferraris Silvio , Greggio Nella A. , Iughetti Lorenzo , Licenziati Maria R. , Madeo Simona F. , Nosetti Luana , Pajno Roberta , Rutigliano Irene , Sacco Michele , Salvatore Silvia , Scarano Emanuela , Trifirò Giuliana , Wasniewska Malgorzata 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis is a retrospective multicenter nationwide Italian study collecting neonatal anthropometric data of Caucasian subjects with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) born from 1988 to 2018. The aim of the study is to provide percentile charts for weight and length of singletons with PWS born between 36 and 42 gestational weeks. We collected the birth weight and birth length of 252 male and 244 female singleton live born infants with both parents of Italian origin and PWS genetically confirmed. Percentile smoothed curves of birth weight and length for gestational age were built through Cole's lambda, mu, sigma method. The data were compared to normal Italian standards. Newborns with PWS showed a lower mean birth weight, by 1/2 kg, and a shorter mean birth length, by 1 cm, than healthy neonates. Females with a 15q11‐13 deletion were shorter than those with maternal uniparental maternal disomy of chromosome 15 (p < .0001). The present growth curves may be useful as further traits in supporting a suspicion of PWS in a newborn. Because impaired prenatal growth increases risk of health problems later in life, having neonatal anthropometric standards could be helpful to evaluate possible correlations between the presence or absence of small gestational age and some clinical and metabolic aspects of PWS.