bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NonScarring Diffuse Hair Loss in Women: a Clinico‐Etiological Study from tertiary care center in North‐West India
Authors: Poonia Kavita , Thami Gurvinder Pal , Bhalla Mala , Jaiswal Shivani , Sandhu Jasleen 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundDiffuse hair loss (DHL) is a common problem in adult women and has a major impact on quality of life. Ascertaining the etiological diagnosis is a challenging task in such patients. Satisfactory treatment can only be instituted after ascertaining the cause of hair loss.ObjectiveTo study the clinico‐epidemiological profile of nonscarring DHL in females and to ascertain its underlying etiological factors.Study designOf a total of 110 females, who presented with nonscarring DHL to the outpatient dermatology department, 100 qualified for inclusion in the study. A detailed history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations were performed in all the patients. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected.ResultsOf 100 cases of DHL which were included in the study, commonest was chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) (62%), followed by female pattern hair loss (FPHL) (22%) and acute telogen effluvium (ATE) (16%). Incidence of hair loss was highest in 21‐40 years age group. Psychological stress was seen to be a precipitating factor in 18 patients and found most commonly in women belong to CTE group (n‐16, 25.8%). Hemoglobin levels ranged from 80 to 142 gm/L (mean: 119 ± 110). Low hemoglobin level (<120 gm/L) was observed in 57% patients. Total serum ferritin <10 ng/mL was seen in 20 patients, vitamin B12 < 211 pg/mL in 76 cases, vitamin D3 < 30 ng/mL in 81 cases. Subclinical hypothyroidism was present in 11% cases.ConclusionsNonscarring DHL is a multifactorial condition with highest incidence in 21‐ to 40‐year age group. Serum ferritin, serum vitamin B12, and D3 levels seem to have a contributing role in the pathogenesis of hair loss, and their supplementation may be needed for a faster regrowth of hair in all cases of hair loss irrespective of the pattern.
The importance of reflecting on practice: How personal professional development activities affect perceived teamwork and performance
Authors: Welp Annalena , Johnson Anya , Nguyen Helena , Perry Lin 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectivesTo examine the relationships between participation in personal professional development activities (e.g., coaching, mentoring), teamwork and performance; to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of reflective thinking and perceived usefulness of development activities.BackgroundProfessional development is associated with better performance and attitudes towards one's work. This study adds to this research by focusing on understanding this effect and the conditions under which this occurs.DesignCross‐sectional survey study.MethodsParticipants were 244 nurses working in a large, metropolitan acute public hospital. They completed a questionnaire consisting of validated measures and provided information on frequency of participation and perceived usefulness of personal professional development activities. We analysed data using regression‐based moderated mediation analyses.ResultsThe relationship between frequency of participation in personal professional development activities and both perceived teamwork and performance was mediated by reflective thinking. Perceived usefulness of development activities moderated the relationship between frequency of participation in personal professional development activities and reflective thinking.ConclusionOur results highlight the importance of professional development activities that go beyond knowledge‐ or skill‐based training. Activities that cater to nurses’ personal professional development needs are also associated with more positively perceived teamwork and performance. Results provide insights into the mediating mechanisms: Participation in personal professional development activities encouraged reflective thinking, which was associated with better perceived teamwork and performance. This association between personal professional development activities and reflective thinking was even stronger where nurses perceived the activities as useful.Relevance to clinical practicePersonal professional development activities enhance reflection in and on practice as these activities were linked with higher perceived quality of care and teamworking. It is important to ensure that the positive effects of personal professional development activities should target nurses’ professional development needs and need to be perceived as useful by those who undertake them.
Educational intervention on delirium assessment using confusion assessment method‐ICU (CAM‐ICU) in a general intensive care unit
Authors: Ramoo Vimala , Abu Harlinna , Rai Vineya , Surat Singh Surindar Kaur , Baharudin Ayuni Asma’ , Danaee Mahmoud , Thinagaran Raveena Rajalachimi R 
Published: May 2018

Aims and ObjectivesTo assess intensive care unit nurses’ knowledge of intensive care unit delirium and delirium assessment before and after an educational intervention. In addition, nurses’ perception on the usefulness of a delirium assessment tool and barriers against delirium assessment were assessed as secondary objectives.BackgroundEarly identification of delirium in intensive care units is crucial for patient care. Hence, nurses require adequate knowledge to enable appropriate evaluation of delirium using standardised practice and assessment tools.DesignThis study, performed in Malaysia, used a single‐group pretest–posttest study design to assess the effect of educational interventions and hands‐on practices on nurses’ knowledge of intensive care unit delirium and delirium assessment.MethodsSixty‐one nurses participated in educational intervention sessions, including classroom learning, demonstrations and hands‐on practices on the Confusion Assessment Method‐Intensive Care Unit. Data were collected using self‐administered questionnaires for the pre‐ and postintervention assessments. Analysis to determine the effect of the educational intervention consisted of the repeated‐measures analysis of covariance.ResultsThere were significant differences in the knowledge scores pre‐ and postintervention, after controlling for demographic characteristics. The two most common perceived barriers to the adoption of the intensive care unit delirium assessment tool were “physicians did not use nurses’ delirium assessment in decision‐making” and “difficult to interpret delirium in intubated patients”.ConclusionsEducational intervention and hands‐on practices increased nurses’ knowledge of delirium assessment. Teaching and interprofessional involvements are essential for a successful implementation of intensive care unit delirium assessment practice.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study supports existing evidences, indicating that education and training could increase nurses’ knowledge of delirium and delirium assessment. Improving nurses’ knowledge could potentially lead to better delirium management practice and improve ICU patient care. Thus, continuous efforts to improve and sustain nurses’ knowledge become relevant in ICU settings.
Examining the relationship between traumatic growth and psychological resilience in young adult children of parents with and without a mental disorder
Authors: Ergün Gül , Gümüş Funda , Dikeç Gül 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAim and objectivesTo investigate the relationship between traumatic growth and psychological resilience in young adult children of parents with a mental disorder and to compare them with young adult children of parents without mental disorders.BackgroundNegative life experiences that lead to trauma can affect young adults' psychological resilience, either positively or negatively. This study investigates levels of traumatic growth, the characteristics of psychological resilience and the relationship between the former and latter in young adults between the ages of 18–23 who have parents with a mental disorder and who have parents without a mental disorder.DesignThis study was designed as a cross‐sectional, descriptive study and was conducted between June 1 and October 31, 2017.MethodsThe sample of the study consisted of young adult children of outpatients with mental disorders who applied to the Psychiatric Polyclinics of Burdur State Hospital (334) and young adult children of parents without mental disorders who applied to different polyclinics (332). A total of 666 individuals participated in the study.ResultsComparative analyses showed a significant difference between the participants who had parents with a mental disorder and participants who had parents without mental disorders in terms of the mean scale scores and all subscale scores on the Post‐Traumatic Growth Inventory and Resilience Scale for Adults.ConclusionIt was found that individuals who had parents without a mental disorder were negatively affected after traumatic events and that their psychological resilience was high.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides data on the characteristics of traumatic growth and psychological resilience levels of not only young adults whose parents have mental disorders but also young adults whose parents do not have mental disorders. In the light of this study's findings, psychiatric nurses may benefit from conducting early screening and intervention programmes to help increase the psychological resilience of young adults whose parents have mental disorders.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Swedish propensity to achieve healthy lifestyle scale in patients with hypertension
Authors: Broström Anders , Pakpour Amir H , Ulander Martin , Nilsen Per 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo develop and validate a Swedish questionnaire to measure propensity for behaviour change regarding food habits, physical activity and weight reduction in patients with hypertension.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsA total of 270 consecutive patients with hypertension diagnosed at four primary care centres in Sweden were included. The 6‐item Swedish version of the Propensity to Achieve Healthy Lifestyle Scale (PAHLS) was developed to measure propensity for behaviour change regarding food habits, physical activity and weight reduction. The PAHLS (i.e., including three items for preparedness and three items for capacity) was developed by three multiprofessional researchers inspired by the transtheoretical model of behaviour change in collaboration with clinically active nurses. Data were collected by questionnaires on food habits (i.e., the Food Frequency Questionnaire), physical activity (the International Physical Activity Questionnaire), propensity for a healthy lifestyle (the PHLQ), as well as during a clinical examination. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), as well as Rasch analysis, were used.ResultsOf the 270 patients (50% women), 27% scored low levels of physical activity on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and 34% of the patients were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2). The EFA (explaining 54% of the variance) showed unidimensionality for the PAHLS that was supported by both CFA and Rasch analyses. No floor and 1.9% ceiling effects were found. Multiple group CFA (an extension of structural equation modelling) showed that the PAHLS operated equivalently across both male and female patients. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.83) and composite reliability (0.89) were good.ConclusionThe initial testing of PAHLS provided good validity and reliability scores to measure propensity for behaviour change in patients with hypertension.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe PAHLS can be used by nurses as a tool to simplify shared decision‐making in relation to behavioural changes.
First reports of a mass mortality event across multiple life stages in a mesopelagic jellyfish in high latitude coastal waters
Authors: Bozman Andrea , Aksnes Dag L. , Eiane Ketil 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMass mortality events can occur naturally and may have important ecological impacts on local populations. The abundance and stage structure of the coronate scyphozoan Periphylla periphylla in a Northern Norwegian fjord were studied between October 2010 and August 2011. Developmental stage composition varied for the duration of the study, with early developmental stages only present in the autumn and winter. Records of large number of dead P. periphylla across multiple life stages revealed that a mass mortality event occurred towards the end of the study period. The abundance of live medusa increased from 27 to 39 individuals (ind.)·1,000 m–3 from October 2010 to February 2011, then fell to <10 ind.·1,000 m–3 in August 2011. The estimated abundance of dead jellyfish increased from slightly >1 ind.·1,000 m–3 in October 2010 to >34 ind.·1,000 m–3 in August 2011, corresponding to an estimated population mortality of >80% on the last sampling date. Mortality increased as the length of high solar irradiance periods increased. Based on previous published evidence that strong light is harmful to P. periphylla, we speculate whether the light climate of this high latitude location may have contributed to the mass mortality of P. periphylla.
Pediatric marginal donor hearts: Trends in US national use, 2005‐2014
Authors: Morrison Adam K. , Gowda Charitha , Tumin Dmitry , Phelps Christina M. , Hayes Don , Tobias Joseph , Gajarski Robert J. , Nandi Deipanjan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPediatric patients awaiting heart transplant face high mortality rates due to donor organ shortages, including non‐use of marginal donor hearts. We examined national trends in pediatric marginal donor heart use over time. UNOS data were queried for heart donors <18 years from 2005 to 2014. The proportion of donor hearts considered marginal was determined using previously cited marginal characteristics: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, use of ≥2 inotropes, cerebrovascular death, CDC high‐risk status, and eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Disposition of donor hearts was determined and stratified by marginal donor status. Of 6778 pediatric hearts offered from 2005 to 2014, 2373 (35.0%) were considered marginal. Non‐use of marginal donor hearts was significantly higher than that of donor hearts without any marginal characteristics (59.5% vs 20.3%, P < .001). In particular, LVEF < 50% and donor inotropes were associated with high rates of organ non‐use among pediatric donors. Yet, non‐use of marginal donor organs decreased from 67% to 48% from 2005 to 2014 (P < .001). Although the proportion of pediatric donor hearts used for pediatric patients has increased, more than half of donor hearts are declined for use in pediatric recipients due, in part, to perceived marginal status.
Review of Humanitarian Refuge in the United Kingdom: Sanctuary, Asylum, and the Refugee Crisis
Authors: Ibrahim Yasmin , Howarth Anita 
Published: May 2018

This article traces the U.K.'s tepid response to the recent refugee crisis confronting Europe today and reviews Britain's approach to provide sanctuary from its ideological/historical origins to its policy enactments over time (1905‐2016). That approach resonates with the deep tensions the issue of immigration raises within the nation state and the intense uncoupling of refuge and sanctuary from its humanitarian initiatives. We juxtapose the U.K. government's engagement with the refugee crisis against its “tradition of humanitarianism” in which Britain has idealized itself as sanctuary to those who have fled from persecution, torture, or conflict. This historic ideal of refuge has been challenged with numerous immigration and asylum‐related policies as well as increased securitization of border controls in response to the changing political context since 1905. We argue that “sanctuary” is a diminished and contentious component of its present‐day humanitarianism involving increased securitization and asylum policies with stringent immigration controls. We trace the U.K.'s harsh and restrictive stance toward the refugee and the asylum seeker through a series of policies from the Aliens Act in 1905 to the Dubs Amendment of 2016 which seek to delegitimize refugees, enact tighter barriers to entry, and cast them as economic “migrants” and as suspect figures in a post‐9/11 world.Related Articles

Duman, Yoav H. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 187‐220. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12065/abstract

McKay, Fiona H.,
Lucy Hall, and
Kehla Lippi. 2017. “.” Politics & Policy 45 (): 169‐193. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12198/abstract

Silverman, Stephanie J. 2012. “‘.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 1131‐1157. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00393.x/abstract
Related Media

Gentleman, Amelia. 2015. “‘What Crime Have I Committed to be Held Like This?’: Yarl's Wood.” The Guardian. March 3. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/mar/03/inside-yarls-wood-detention-centre-asylum-seekers-abuse-suicide

Polachowska, Maria. 2012. “Kindertransport: A Journey to Life.” BBC Newsnight. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqP0uVSj3bQ

. 2017. “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2016.” http://www.unhcr.org/uk/statistics/unhcrstats/5943e8a34/global-trends-forced-displacement-2016.html
A Utility-Based Bayesian Phase I–II Design for Immunotherapy Trials with Progression-Free Survival End Point
Authors: Guo Beibei , Park Yeonhee , Liu Suyu 
Published: May 2018

SummaryImmunotherapy has been hailed as the biggest breakthrough for treating cancer since the first development of chemotherapy. The new features of immunotherapy make the traditional clinical trial paradigm increasingly inefficient and dysfunctional. We propose a Bayesian phase I–II design for immunotherapy trials called BDFIT to find the optimal biological dose (OBD). We jointly model the toxicity outcome, progression-free survival (PFS) and immune response. PFS and toxicity are used as the primary end points to determine the OBD, whereas the immune response is used as an ancillary end point to screen out futile doses quickly and to predict the PFS when needed. A utility function is formulated to account for the risk–benefit trade-off and to quantify the desirability of the dose. During the trial, based on accumulating data, the estimates of the model and dose desirability are continuously updated and used to guide the dose assignment and to select the OBD. The simulation study shows that the BDFIT design has desirable operating characteristics.
Darboux Transformations and Global Explicit Solutions for Nonlocal Davey–Stewartson I Equation
Authors: Zhou Zi‐Xiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor the nonlocal Davey–Stewartson I equation, the Darboux transformation is considered and explicit expressions of the solutions are obtained. Like other nonlocal equations, many solutions of this equation may have singularities. However, by suitable choice of parameters in the solutions of the Lax pair, it is proved that the solutions obtained from seed solutions which are zero and an exponential function of t, respectively, by a Darboux transformation of degree n are global solutions of the nonlocal Davey–Stewartson I equation. The derived solutions are soliton solutions when the seed solution is zero, in the sense that they are bounded and have n peaks, and “dark cross soliton” solutions when the seed solution is an exponential function of t, in the sense that they are bounded and their norms change fast along some crossing straight lines.
Endosperm sugar accumulation caused by mutation of PHS8/ISA1 leads to pre‐harvest sprouting in rice
Authors: Du Lin , Xu Fan , Fang Jun , Gao Shaopei , Tang Jiuyou , Fang Shuang , Wang Hongru , Tong Hongning , Zhang Fengxia , Chu Jinfang , Wang Guodong , Chu Chengcai 
Published: May 2018

SummaryPre‐harvest sprouting (PHS) is an unfavorable trait in cereal crops that could seriously decrease grain yield and quality. Although some PHS‐associated quantitative trait loci or genes in cereals have been reported, the molecular mechanism underlying PHS remains largely elusive. Here, we characterized a rice mutant, phs8, which exhibits PHS phenotype accompanied by sugary endosperm. Map‐based cloning revealed that PHS8 encodes a starch debranching enzyme named isoamylase1. Mutation in PHS8 resulted in the phytoglycogen breakdown and sugar accumulation in the endosperm. Intriguingly, with increase of sugar contents, decreased expression of OsABI3 and OsABI5 as well as reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) were found in the phs8 mutant. Using rice suspension cell system, we confirmed that exogenous sugar is sufficient to suppress the expression of both OsABI3 and OsABI5. Furthermore, overexpression of OsABI3 or OsABI5 could partially rescue the PHS phenotype of phs8. Therefore, our study presents important evidence supporting that endosperm sugar not only acts as an essential energy source for seed germination but also determines seed dormancy and germination by affecting ABA signaling.
Similar Epitope Specificities of IgG and IgA Antibodies Elicited by Ad26 Vector Prime, Env Protein Boost Immunizations in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Kang Zi Han , Bricault Christine A. , Borducchi Erica N. , Stephenson Kathryn E. , Seaman Michael S. , Pau Maria , Schuitemaker Hanneke , van Manen Danielle , Wegmann Frank , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTVaccine-elicited immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been shown to be important for protection against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in rhesus monkeys. However, it remains unclear whether vaccine-elicited IgA responses are beneficial or detrimental for protection. In this study, we evaluated the kinetics, magnitude, breadth, and linear epitope specificities of vaccine-elicited IgG and IgA responses in serum and mucosal secretions following intramuscular immunization with adenovirus 26 (Ad26) prime, Env protein boost vaccination regimens. The systemic and mucosal antibody responses exhibited kinetics similar to those of the serum antibody responses but lower titers than the serum antibody responses. Moreover, the IgG and IgA responses were correlated, both in terms of the magnitude of the responses and in terms of the antibody specificities against linear human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env, Gag, and Pol epitopes. These data suggest that IgG and IgA responses are highly coordinated in both peripheral blood and mucosal compartments following Ad26/Env vaccination in rhesus monkeys.IMPORTANCEVaccine-elicited IgG responses are important for protection against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in nonhuman primates. However, much less is known about the role and function of IgA, despite it being the predominant antibody in mucosal sites. There is debate as to whether HIV-1-specific IgA responses are beneficial or detrimental, since serum anti-Env IgA titers were shown to be inversely correlated with protection in the RV144 clinical trial. We thus assessed vaccine-elicited IgG and IgA antibody responses in peripheral blood and mucosal secretions following vaccination with the Ad26/Env vaccine.