bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a novel, multifunctional inorganic curing agent and its effect on the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of intrinsically flame retardant epoxy resin
Authors: Guo Xing , Wang Hongsen , Ma Delong , He Jinnan , Lei Ziqiang 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTTraditional curing agents have only a single property, while traditional synthetic organic flame‐retardant hardeners often show poor tolerance to oxidants, strongly acidic or alkaline reagents, and organic solvents and have toxicity problems. Here, a novel and multifunctional flame‐retardant curing agent of the inorganic substrate multifunctional curing agent of the inorganic substrate (FCIN) was proposed first and successfully prepared, and then an intrinsically flame‐retardant epoxy resin (EP) was prepared by covalently incorporating FCIN nanoparticles (FCINs) into the EP. The curing behavior of the FCINs was investigated, showing that FCIN/EP expresses a higher global activation energy than tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)/EP and that the FCINs had strong interfacial adhesion to the EP matrix. Additionally, the FCINs were well dispersed and provided a remarkable improvement in mechanical and flame‐retardant properties of the intrinsically flame‐retardant EP. With the incorporation of 9 wt % FCINs into the EP, dramatic enhancements in the strength, modulus under bending, and toughness (∼36%, ∼109%, and ∼586%, respectively) were observed, along with 85.2%, 46.4%, 98.3%, and 77.26% decreases in the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate peak, and total smoke production, respectively, with respect to that of TEPA/EP. The mechanisms of its flame‐retardant, smoke‐suppression, and failure behaviors were investigated. The development of this unconventional, multifunctional flame‐retardant curing agent based on an inorganic substrate showed promise for enabling the preparation of a variety of new high‐performance materials (such as intrinsically flame‐retardant EP and functional modified polyesters). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46410.
Micellization of a di‐block copolymer in ethylene glycol and its utilization for suspension of carbonaceous nanostructures
Authors: Cohen Neta , Ziv Efrat , Vasilyev Gleb , Convertine Anthony , Levi‐Kalisman Yael , Yerushalmi‐Rozen Rachel 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTSuspensions of carbonaceous nanoparticles (NPs) in ethylene glycol (EG) can be used as colloidal inks for additive manufacturing and nano‐fluids for heat‐transfer applications. While micellar solutions of surfactants are often used for suspension of the NPs in water, micellization of surfactants in EG is suppressed as compared to aqueous solutions and a well‐defined critical micellization concentration (CMC) is often not observed. Unlike the surfactants, a di‐block copolymer comprising a poly(ethylene glycol) monomethylether methacrylate (PEGMA) segment, 2‐(diethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (DEAEMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA), poly(O950)‐b‐(DEAEMA‐co‐BMA) was found to assemble into spherical micelles in EG. Surface tension measurements show a well‐defined CMC that depends on the volume fraction of EG. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering show the presence of spherical micelles with a diameter that reduces with the volume fraction of EG. The micellar solutions were further used for suspending carbonaceous NPs of different geometry and characteristic dimensions: C60 fullerenes, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, and nanodiamonds. The flow behavior of the suspensions exhibits a relatively low viscosity and mostly Newtonian behavior due to strong interaction between the NPs and the micelles. These suspensions may be used as colloidal inks for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional printing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46518.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluations, molecular docking, and in vivo studies of novel phthalimide analogs
Authors: Zahran Magdy A. H. , El‐Aarag Bishoy , Mehany Ahmed B. M. , Belal Amany , Younes Ali S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA series of novel phthalimide analogs containing an indole or brominated indole moiety were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. Compound 8 showed a broad spectrum activity, revealing 53–67% of erythromycin activity on the tested bacteria and 60–70% of miconazole activity on the tested fungi. Anticancer activity was evaluated on the cell lines HepG2, MCF‐7, A549, H1299, and Caco2. The results revealed that the new phthalimide analog 8 has broad‐spectrum anticancer activity toward all the tested cancer cell lines, followed by compound 11, which showed good activity toward all the tested cell lines except for MCF‐7. The ability of the promising analogs 5, 8, and 11 to bind to topoisomerase II DNA gyrase was investigated. Caspase‐3 activation and Bcl‐2 assay of the best active derivatives 8, 11 in addition to compound 5 were evaluated. The antifibrotic activity was studied in an in vivo model and the histopathological studies revealed that treatment with the new compound 8 improved the fibrotic liver tissues to normality.
Proposed dynamic error control techniques for QoS improvement of wireless 3D video transmission
Authors: El‐Shafai W. , El‐Rabaie S. , El‐Halawany M. M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryError control techniques like error resilience (ER) and error concealment (EC) are efficient techniques to ameliorate the lost macroblocks (MBs) in the 3D video (3DV) communication system. In this paper, we propose efficient and adaptive hybrid ER‐EC algorithms for 3DV transmission over error‐prone wireless channels. At the encoder, adaptive preprocessing ER mechanisms are proposed through using the context adaptive variable length coding entropy, slice structured coding modes, and explicit flexible macroblock ordering mapping. They are used to assist the suggested EC techniques at the decoder to accurately reconstruct the erroneous MBs and frames. At the decoder, an efficient postprocessing EC technique with multiproposition methods is proposed to dynamically select the convenient EC hypothesis method based on the size of the lost MBs, the faulty view, and the frame type. It conceals the received erroneous MBs of intra‐encoded and inter‐encoded frames of the transmitted 3DV by exploiting the temporal, spatial, and inter‐view correlations among frames and views. To further improve the decoded 3DV quality, a weighted overlapping block motion and disparity compensation technique is used to reinforce the performance of the suggested ER‐EC techniques. Experimental results on various 3DV streams prove that the suggested techniques have considerably acceptable subjective and objective 3DV performance. They achieve an improved average peak signal‐to‐noise ratio gain by almost 2.85 dB compared to the conventional error control algorithms at a packet loss rate = 40%.
Maximizing the lifetime of energy‐constrained cooperative spectrum sensing sensor network
Authors: Shukry Suzan , Fahmy Yasmine 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAdding the cognitive capability to wireless sensor networks allows the sensors to monitor the spectrum and identify the spectrum holes to operate in different frequencies according to the radio environment which result in better spectrum utilization. Spectrum sensing is a main component in any cognitive radio network. In this paper, we propose a new cooperative sensing scheme based on energy detection for cognitive sensor networks which is constrained by the energy limitation of the wireless sensor elements. The proposed scheme minimizes the sensing energy for individual sensor and carefully selects the suitable participant sensors in each cooperative sensing process. This results in maximizing the lifetime of energy‐constrained wireless sensor networks. The proposed scheme also takes into consideration the constraints on the detection accuracy. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme prolonged the lifetime of the cognitive network, makes efficient usage of available spectrum by secondary users, and satisfy the target detection performance.
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) essential oil and its capacity in sunflower oil stabilization during storage time
Authors: Farahmandfar Reza , Asnaashari Maryam , Pourshayegan Mehdi , Maghsoudi Sara , Moniri Hannaneh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, lemon verbena essential oil as a natural antioxidant was used to increase the stability of sunflower oil, and stabilization effects in terms of storage conditions were compared with synthetic antioxidant (BHT). For this purpose, the antioxidant activity of the essential oil was determined by DPPH assay and β‐carotene bleaching method. Then, lemon verbena essential oil (0, 400, 800, and 1,600 ppm) was added to sunflower oil without synthetic antioxidant and stored at 60°C for 60 days. Results from different parameters (peroxide value, free fatty acid, iodine value, total polar compound, carbonyl value, conjugated dienes, and oxidative stability index) were in agreement with each other, suggesting that lemon verbena essential oil (1,600 ppm) could act better than BHT in inhibition of lipid oxidation in sunflower oil and can be used as predominant alternative of synthetic antioxidants.
An fMRI study of finger tapping in children and adults
Authors: Turesky Ted K. , Olulade Olumide A. , Luetje Megan M. , Eden Guinevere F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFunctional brain imaging studies have characterized the neural bases of voluntary movement for finger tapping in adults, but equivalent information for children is lacking. When contrasted to adults, one would expect children to have relatively greater activation, reflecting compensation for an underdeveloped motor system combined with less experience in the execution of voluntary movement. To test this hypothesis, we acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data on 17 healthy right‐handed children (7.48 ± 0.66 years) and 15 adults (24.9 ± 2.9 years) while they performed an irregularly paced finger‐tapping task in response to a visual cue (left‐ and right‐hand examined separately). Whole‐brain within‐group analyses revealed that finger tapping in either age group and for either hand activated contralateral SM1, SMA, ipsilateral anterior cerebellum, and occipital cortices. We used an ANOVA factorial design to test for main effects of Age Group (children vs adults), Hand (left vs. right), and their interactions. For main effects of Age Group, children showed relatively greater activity in left SM1 (extending into bilateral SMA), and, surprisingly, adults exhibited relatively greater activity in right pre‐SMA/SMA (extending into left pre‐SMA/SMA), right lateral globus pallidus, left putamen, and right anterior cerebellum. The interaction of Age Group × Hand revealed that while both groups activated right SM1 during left finger tapping and exhibited signal decreases (i.e., below fixation baseline) during right finger tapping, both these responses were attenuated in children relative to adults. These data provide an important foundation by which to study children with motor disorders.
In vitro effect of graphene structures as an osteoinductive factor in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review
Authors: Mohammadrezaei Dorsa , Golzar Hossein , Rezai Rad Maryam , Omidi Meisam , Rashedi Hamid , Yazdian Fatemeh , Khojasteh Arash , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGraphene and its derivatives have been well‐known as influential factors in differentiating stem/progenitor cells toward the osteoblastic lineage. However, there have been many controversies in the literature regarding the parameters effect on bone regeneration, including graphene concentration, size, type, dimension, hydrophilicity, functionalization, and composition. This study attempts to produce a comprehensive review regarding the given parameters and their effects on stimulating cell behaviors such as proliferation, viability, attachment and osteogenic differentiation. In this study, a systematic search of MEDLINE database was conducted for in vitro studies on the use of graphene and its derivatives for bone tissue engineering from January 2000 to February 2018, organized according to the PRISMA statement. According to reviewed articles, different graphene derivative, including graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with mass ratio ≤1.5 wt % for all and concentration up to 50 μg/mL for graphene and GO, and 60 μg/mL for RGO, are considered to be safe for most cell types. However, these concentrations highly depend on the types of cells. It was discovered that graphene with lateral size less than 5 µm, along with GO and RGO with lateral dimension less than 1 µm decrease cell viability. In addition, the three‐dimensional structure of graphene can promote cell‐cell interaction, migration and proliferation. When graphene and its derivatives are incorporated with metals, polymers, and minerals, they frequently show promoted mechanical properties and bioactivity. Last, graphene and its derivatives have been found to increase the surface roughness and porosity, which can highly enhance cell adhesion and differentiation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2284‐2343, 2018.
High resolution photolithography for direct view active matrix organic light‐emitting diode augmented reality displays
Authors: Malinowski Paweł E. , Ke Tung‐Huei , Nakamura Atsushi , Liu Ya‐Han , Vander Velpen Dieter , Vandenplas Erwin , Papadopoulos Nikolas , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , van der Steen Jan‐Laurens , Steudel Soeren , Kuo Che‐Cheng , Huang Yen‐Yu , Chen Yu‐Hsien , Yeh Ming‐Hua , Gelinck Gerwin , Heremans Paul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHigh‐resolution RGB organic light‐emitting diode frontplane is a key enabler for direct‐view transparent augmented reality displays. In this paper, we demonstrate 1250 ppi passive displays and semi‐transparent active displays. Organic light‐emitting diode photolithography can provide pixel density above 1000 ppi while keeping effective emission area high because of high aperture ratio. Patterns with 2 μm line pitch were successfully transferred to emission layers, indicating possible further pixel density scaling. Lifetime after patterning, key parameter enabling industrialization, is above 150 h (T90 at 1000 nit).
Almost minimizers for semilinear free boundary problems with variable coefficients
Authors: de Queiroz Olivaine S. , Tavares Leandro S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe study regularity results for almost minimizers of the functional
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201600103:mana201600103-math-0001where is a matrix with Hölder continuous coefficients. In the case we show that an almost minimizer belongs to , where the exponent η is related with the competition between the Hölder continuity of the matrix , the parameter of almost minimization and γ. In some sense, this regularity is optimal. As far as the case is concerned, our results show that an almost minimizer is locally in each phase and , improving in some sense a recent result of David & Toro.
Association rules method and big data: Evaluating frequent medication combinations associated with fractures in older adults
Authors: Nishtala Prasad S. , Chyou Te‐yuan , Held Fabian , Le Couteur David G. , Gnjidic Danijela 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe association rules method is a novel methodology to ascertain patterns of medication use and combinations associated with adverse drug events.ObjectivesThe aim of this case‐crossover study was to apply the association rules method to ascertain medication combinations contributing to the risk of fractures in older adults.MethodsA nationwide representative sample of New Zealanders aged ≥65 years was sourced from the pharmaceutical collection. The first‐time coded diagnosis of fracture was extracted from the National Minimum Dataset. Association rule method is a data mining technique that can be used to quickly traverse big datasets to identify a combination of items that co‐occur. The association rules method were applied to identify frequent 11 medication combinations in the case and the control periods (1‐14 days as hazard period, with 35‐day washout period), and the association of fractures with each frequent medication combination were tested by computing a matched odd ratio (OR) and its 95% CI.ResultsWe identified a total of 72 184 individuals (mean age 81.5 years) from 2005 to 2014 with incident fracture and exposed to at least 1 medication of interest. The association rules method revealed codeine phosphate (aOR = 11.50, 95% CI, 7.09‐15.20, concomitantly with ibuprofen), zopiclone (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.49‐3.67, concomitantly with morphine) and quetiapine (OR = 1.95, 95% CI, 1.28‐2.98, concomitantly with zopiclone) were associated with fractures.ConclusionThe association rules method identified medication exposure combinations containing psychotropic medications and codeine are frequently associated with fractures. This novel methodology applied to big data can be an important tool to ascertain medication combinations associated with adverse drug events.
Chemometric Strategies for Peak Detection and Profiling from Multidimensional Chromatography
Authors: Navarro‐Reig Meritxell , Bedia Carmen , Tauler Romà , Jaumot Joaquim 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe increasing complexity of omics research has encouraged the development of new instrumental technologies able to deal with these challenging samples. In this way, the rise of multidimensional separations should be highlighted due to the massive amounts of information that provide with an enhanced analyte determination. Both proteomics and metabolomics benefit from this higher separation capacity achieved when different chromatographic dimensions are combined, either in LC or GC. However, this vast quantity of experimental information requires the application of chemometric data analysis strategies to retrieve this hidden knowledge, especially in the case of nontargeted studies. In this work, the most common chemometric tools and approaches for the analysis of this multidimensional chromatographic data are reviewed. First, different options for data preprocessing and enhancement of the instrumental signal are introduced. Next, the most used chemometric methods for the detection of chromatographic peaks and the resolution of chromatographic and spectral contributions (profiling) are presented. The description of these data analysis approaches is complemented with enlightening examples from omics fields that demonstrate the exceptional potential of the combination of multidimensional separation techniques and chemometric tools of data analysis.
Fabrication of Graphene Nanoplatelet/Epoxy Nanocomposites for Lightweight and High‐Strength Structural Applications
Authors: Kim Joonhui , Cha Jaemin , Jun Gwang Hoon , Yoo Sung Chan , Ryu Seongwoo , Hong Soon Hyung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGraphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), the most important mass‐produced graphene, are fabricated as a mechanical reinforcement for epoxy matrix nanocomposites. Current performance of GNPs as a reinforcing filler is limited by their agglomeration and weak interfacial interaction with certain polymer matrices. Herein, an approach to produce noncovalently functionalized GNPs (F‐GNPs) is reported that can be extended to the industrial level of mass production. The one‐step functionalization process uses melamine, a low‐cost chemical, to improve the interfacial adhesion and dispersion in an epoxy matrix. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites prepared with the F‐GNP flakes are much better (94.3% and 35.3% enhancements in Young's modulus and tensile strength, respectively) than those of the unfilled pure epoxy. Experimental data are analyzed using the Halpin–Tsai model. The fabrication process developed in this paper provides a strategy to use GNPs at the industrial level in lightweight and high‐strength structural applications.
Impact of social complexity on outcomes in cystic fibrosis after transfer to adult care
Authors: Crowley Erin M. , Bosslet Gabriel T. , Khan Babar , Ciccarelli Mary , Brown Cynthia D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the roles of medical and social complexity in health care use outcomes in cystic fibrosis (CF) after transfer from pediatric to adult care.MethodsRetrospective cohort design included patients with CF who were transitioned into adult care at Indiana University from 2005 to 2015. Predictor variables included demographic and comorbidity data, age at transition, treatment complexity score (TCS), and an objective scoring measure of their social complexity (Bob's Level of Social Support, BLSS). Outcome variables included outpatient visit rates and hospitalization rates. Pearson's correlations and linear regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe median age of the patients (N = 133) at the time of transition was 20 (IQR 19‐23) years. The mean FEV1 % predicted at transition was 69 ± 24%. TCS correlated with outpatient visit rates (r = 0.3, P = 0.003), as well as hospitalization rates (r = 0.4, P < 0.001); while the BLSS only correlated with hospitalization rates (r = 0.7, P < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, the strongest predictors of post‐transfer hospitalizations are BLSS (P < 0.0001) and pre‐transfer hospitalization rate (P < 0.0001).ConclusionGreater treatment complexity is associated with greater healthcare utilization overall, while greater social complexity is associated with increased hospitalizations (but not outpatient visits). Screening young adults for social complexity may identify high‐risk subpopulations and allow for patient centered interventions to support them and prevent avoidable health care use.
High frequency oscillatory ventilation in a cohort of children with respiratory failure
Authors: Stewart Claire A. , Yehya Nadir , Fei Lin , Chima Ranjit S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to determine survival and variables associated with poor outcomes for patients requiring high frequency oscillatory ventilator (HFOV) support. We tested the ability of markers of oxygenation to predict outcome, specifically, the oxygenation index (OI), both prior to and after initiation of HFOV. We also aimed to examine the effect of immunocompromised condition (IC), and specifically stem cell transplant (SCT), on outcome.DesignA retrospective, observational study was performed at two pediatric intensive care units (ICU) and included patients treated with HFOV over a 5 year time period. Oxygenation index and PF ratios were calculated for all patients prior to and at 24 h of HFOV support.ResultsOf the 134 patients meeting inclusion criteria, mortality was 42% with a higher rate of mortality (P < 0.001) for both immunocompromised (66%) and SCT patients (83%). Survivors had improved markers of oxygenation at 24 h as compared to non‐survivors (P < 0.001). IC and SCT were the variables most closely associated with mortality. Survivors were placed on HFOV earlier than non‐survivors. The OI at 24 h of HFOV support was the best predictor of mortality among markers of oxygenation.ConclusionsIn this cohort of patients, use of HFOV for pediatric respiratory failure demonstrated a mortality rate in keeping with published data. The presence of an immunocompromised condition was a risk factor for mortality in severe respiratory failure with SCT recipients having the lowest survival rate. The OI at 24 h was the best predictor of mortality, especially in immunocompromised and SCT patients.