bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Asymmetric Microsupercapacitors from Freestanding Hollow Nickel Microfiber Electrodes
Authors: Morag Ahiud , Jelinek Raz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe increasing demand for flexible and wearable microelectronics is a major driving force for the development of high‐performance small‐volume energy sources. Microsupercapacitors exhibit significant potential in energy storage as they provide high power and good cycle stability. Yet, most microsupercapacitors display low energy densities limiting their practical use in microelectronics. Here, synthesis of high surface area freestanding electrodes comprising hollow nickel microfibers is demonstrated. The microfiber nickel electrodes constitute a platform for flexible asymmetric microsupercapacitors exhibiting excellent mechanical resilience as well as high energy density (0.11 mWh cm−2) and power density (37.5 mW cm−2). The freestanding nature and extensive surface area of the electrodes contribute to pronounced areal and volumetric capacitance, energy storage values, and stability after numerous (hundreds) physical bending cycles. The simple preparation scheme and use of an inexpensive building block (e.g., nickel) underscore potential uses as light and flexible energy storage devices.
Syntheses of Englerin A, a Potent Renal Cancer Inhibitor
Authors: Hagihara Shuichi , Hanaya Kengo , Sugai Takeshi , Shoji Mitsuru 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMankind has been searching for anticancer drugs from nature and artificial compounds. Since the discovery of englerin A, a guaiane sesquiterpene possessing the characteristic tricyclic 5–6‐5 fused ring framework with contiguous seven stereogenic centers and isolated from Phyllanthus engleri, many synthetic groups have enthusiastically launched and accomplished its the chemical synthesis. All the synthetic groups focused on how to efficiently construct the tricyclic framework containing oxygen bridge with various approaches. In this review, the total and formal syntheses of englerin A reported to date are summarized.
The importance of obstetric and gynaecologic sonographer health and safety
Authors: Wang Wei , Leonardi Mathew , Condous George 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the field of obstetrics and gynaecology, sonographers are often exposed to health and safety risks that may have significant consequences: it has been reported that up to 90% of sonographers experience work‐related musculoskeletal disorders. These have the potential to be career‐ending. This topic warrants routine evaluation, which is the aim of this editorial. We intend to achieve this by presenting a summary of risks, their outcomes, and strategies to optimise health and wellness in the workplace of sonographers in obstetrics and gynaecology. We believe this discussion is of utmost importance to sonographers, their employers, and regulatory bodies.
Inhibition of arachidonate 15‐lipoxygenase reduces the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Yan Bing , Wang Yang , Li Ying , Wang Chengshuo , Zhang Luo 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a distinguishing characteristic of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Arachidonate 15‐lipoxygenase (ALOX15), an enzyme involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, has been reported to cause airway epithelial injury and thus may further promote the EMT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ALOX15 during the EMT process in CRSwNP.MethodsA total of 54 samples were obtained, including 10 from healthy control, 16 from non‐eosinophilic CRSwNP, and 28 from eosinophilic CRSwNP. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to determine the basement membrane (BM) thickness. The concentration of molecules mediating remodeling was assayed by Luminex. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of target genes were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting.ResultsEMT was enhanced in eosinophilic CRSwNP compared with the healthy controls and non‐eosinophilic CRSwNP infiltrated with lymphocytes and/or plasma cells. The expression pattern of molecules related to remodeling, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) family members, differed between the subtypes of CRSwNP. The mRNA level of ALOX15 was correlated with the BM thickness and MMP‐1 and TGF‐β3 expression. The inhibition of ALOX15 by PD146176 could induce claudin‐1, claudin‐4, claudin‐7, zonula occludens (ZO)‐1, ZO‐2, E‐Cadherin, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐3 expressions and reduce the levels of MMP‐1 and N‐Cadherin in epithelial cells acquired from eosinophilic CRSwNP patients.ConclusionThe specific inhibition of ALOX15 could attenuate the EMT, which may provide an alternative method for the treatment of CRSwNP.
Quality of recovery in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery after general anesthesia: total intravenous anesthesia vs desflurane anesthesia
Authors: Liu Tingjie , Gu Yurong , Chen Kaizheng , Shen Xia 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundFor sinus surgery, some centers favor total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) over inhalation anesthesia. However, whether TIVA affects the patient's perceived quality of recovery remains unclear. This study used the Quality of Recovery–40 questionnaire (QoR‐40) to compare patient recovery between surgical patients who received TIVA and those who received desflurane (DES) anesthesia.MethodsEighty patients (20 to 65 years old) undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were prospectively enrolled and randomized to either the TIVA (propofol and remifentanil infusion) or DES (desflurane inhalation and remifentanil infusion) group. The QoR‐40 was administered before surgery, at 6 hours after surgery, and on postoperative day 1 (POD1). Incidence of nausea and vomiting, remifentanil consumption, blood loss, and pain treatment were recorded. The influence of lesion extent (indexed as Lund‐Mackay [LM] score) on recovery quality was also assessed.ResultsForty patients were randomized into the TIVA group, and 40 patients were randomized into the DES group. The QoR‐40 score at 6 hours after surgery was significantly higher in the TIVA group compared with the DES group (188.2 vs 182.6, respectively; p = 0.049), indicating a better quality of recovery in the TIVA group. TIVA resulted in less blood loss (p < 0.0001). A high LM score (≥12) was associated with lower QoR‐40 scores at 6 hours after surgery (180.2 vs 187.2, p = 0.028) and on POD1 (181.5 vs 190.3, p = 0.003).ConclusionThis study shows that the quality of recovery for endoscopic sinus surgery patients was better with TIVA than with desflurane anesthesia. A high LM score was related to poorer recovery quality.
Predictive value of iron parameters in neurocritically ill patients
Authors: Xie Ling , Peng Yu , Huang Kaibin , Wu Yongming , Wang Shengnan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIron, an essential mineral for human body, has the potential to cause toxicity at high levels. Previous studies have shown inconsistent predictive value of iron parameters in critically ill patients. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the performance of iron parameters in outcome prediction of neurocritically ill patients.MethodsRetrospective data were collected from patients admitted to the neurocritical care unit (NCU) of a tertiary teaching hospital between August 2016 and January 2017. The iron parameters were obtained at NCU admission. Primary endpoints were short‐term (30‐day) mortality and long‐term (6‐month) poor outcome, with the latter defined as modified Rankin Scale of 4–6. The predictive value of variables was determined with univariate and multivariate logistic analysis. A further subanalysis was conducted in patients stratified by the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).ResultsOf 103 eligible patients, the etiology included stroke (58.2%, N = 60), central nervous system infection (13.6%, N = 14), and other neurologic disorders (28.2%, N = 29). The correlation analysis showed that the increase in ferritin, as well as the reduction in transferrin and total iron‐binding capacity, had strong correlation with C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, duration of NCU stay, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. In a further subanalysis of 75 patients with eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, twelve (16.0%) patients died within 30 days and 39 (52.0%) patients achieved good follow‐up outcome data. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, we identified baseline ferritin level as an independent predictor of short‐term mortality (OR: 1.002; 95% CI: 1.000–1.003; p = 0.008) and long‐term functional outcome (OR: 1.002; 95% CI: 1.000–1.004; p = 0.031).ConclusionsSerum ferritin level at admission could be used as an independent predictor of short‐term mortality and long‐term functional outcome in neurocritically ill patients with eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
Left‐right asymmetry influenced the infarct volume and neurological dysfunction following focal middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
Authors: Zhai Zhiyong , Feng Juan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the differential effects of left versus right cerebral hemisphere on the infarct volume and behavioral function following focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods and MaterialsMiddle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in the right‐handed rats by filament insertion for 1.5 hr, and then reperfusion was established according to Zea‐Longa method. A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a left MCAO group or a right MCAO group. The modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), tapered beam‐walking test, and Morris water maze experiment were all carried out to evaluate the sensorimotor and cognitive outcomes at the 1d, 3d, and 7d after MCAO, respectively. Infarct volume of the brains was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.ResultsThe sensorimotor function was more worse in the left MCAO group than that in the right MCAO group at the 1d, 3d, and 7d after MCAO (p < 0.05). While the cognitive function was much better in the left MCAO group than that in the right MCAO group at the 1d and 3d after MCAO (p < 0.05). But no significant difference was achieved in cognitive function between the two groups at 7d after MCAO (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in total infarct volume between the two groups at the 1d, 3d, and 7d after MCAO, respectively (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe infarct volume is not affected significantly by the left or right MCAO model in the early days. The lesions in the left hemisphere produce more severe sensorimotor impairments, while more severe cognitive impairments are produced by the right hemispherical lesions. These findings suggest that it is structural and functional asymmetry between the two hemispheres other than infarct volume that affects the outcomes of rat MCAO.
Rs3212986 polymorphism, a possible biomarker to predict smoking‐related lung cancer, alters DNA repair capacity via regulating ERCC1 expression
Authors: Yu Tao , Xue Ping , Cui Su , Zhang Liang , Zhang Guopei , Xiao Mingyang , Zheng Xiao , Zhang Qianye , Cai Yuan , Jin Cuihong , Yang Jinghua , Wu Shengwen , Lu Xiaobo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3′UTR of key DNA repair enzyme genes are associated with inter‐individual differences of DNA repair capacity (DRC) and susceptibility to a variety of human malignancies such as lung cancer. In this study, seven candidate SNPs in 3′UTR of DRC‐related genes including ERCC1 (rs3212986, rs2336219, and rs735482), OGG1 (rs1052133), MLH3 (rs108621), CD3EAP (rs1007616), and PPP1R13L (rs6966) were analyzed in 300 lung cancer patients and controls from the northeast of China. Furthermore, we introduced ERCC1 (CDS+3′UTR) or CD3EAP (CDS) cDNA clone to transfect HEK293T and 16HBE cells. Cell viability between different genotypes of transfected cells exposed to BPDE was detected by CCK‐8 assay, while DNA damage was visualized using γH2AX immunofluorescence and the modified comet assay. We found that minor A‐allele of rs3212986 could reflect a linkage with increasing risk of NSCLC. Compared with CC genotype, AA genotype of ERCC1 rs3212986 was a high‐risk factor for NSCLC (OR = 3.246; 95%CI: 1.375‐7.663). Particularly stratified by smoking status in cases and controls, A allele of ERCC1 rs3212986 also exhibited an enhanced risk to develop lung cancer in smokers only (P < 0.05). Interestingly, reduced repair efficiency of DNA damage was observed in 293T ERCC1(AA) and 16HBE ERCC1(AA), while no significant difference was appeared in two genotypes of CD3EAP (3′ adjacent gene of ERCC1) overexpressed cells. Our findings suggest that rs3212986 polymorphism in 3ʹUTR of ERCC1 overlapped with CD3EAP may affect the repair of the damage induced by BPDE mainly via regulating ERCC1 expression and become a potential biomarker to predict smoking‐related lung cancer.
Demographics, stage distribution, and relative roles of surgery and radiotherapy on survival of persons with primary prostate sarcomas
Authors: Tward Jonathan D. , Poppe Matthew M. , Hitchcock Ying J. , O’Neil Brock , Albertson Daniel J. , Shrieve Dennis C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrimary prostate sarcomas (PPS) are rare. Outcomes for this cancer have not been well characterized.Materials and MethodsSubjects with a PPS diagnosed between 1973 and 2014 were identified in the SEER database. Subjects were stratified by disease stage and types of therapies received. Disease‐specific survival (DSS) and Overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan‐Meier analysis and cohorts were compared with a univariate and multivariable Cox regression.ResultsThe incidence of PPS among all prostate cancer diagnoses was 0.02%. Subjects younger than age 26 years at diagnosis represented 29% of cases, and 32% of primary prostate sarcomas were rhabdomyosarcoma histology.Rhabdomyosarcoma HistologiesThe median age at diagnosis was 9 years. Between age 0‐25 years rhabdomyosarcoma accounted for 96.4% of primary prostate sarcoma diagnoses, after age 25 rhabdomyosarcoma represented 15% of new diagnoses. The 10‐year DSS and OS for rhabdomyosarcoma was 47% and 44%.Non‐Rhabdomyosarcoma HistologiesThe median age at diagnosis was 71 years. The most common diagnoses were leiomyosarcoma (33%) and carcinosarcoma (28%). Localized, regional, or distant disease occurred in 40%, 34%, and 26% of cases. The 10‐year DSS and OS were 26% and 14%. In locally advanced cases, RT added to surgery trended toward improved DSS (P = 0.10).ConclusionsDisease‐specific survival and OS for non‐rhabdomyosarcoma histologies appear inferior to those of rhabdomyosarcoma. The addition of RT to surgical resection may improve DSS in locally advanced non‐rhabdomyosarcoma. This is the largest report of the incidence, stage distribution, and survival for this extremely rare urologic malignancy providing valuable prognostic information.
Sheath size, radial occlusion, and ethnicity: Real or confounded?
Authors: Belardi Jorge , Lamelas Pablo 
Published: November 2018

Key Points

Japanese participants experienced higher incidence of radial artery occlusion when compared to non‐Japanese participants.
The use of 6Fr Slender sheath was inferior for radial artery occlusion than 5Fr sheath in Japanese, but no different in non‐Japanese participants.
Is not clear if this apparent ethnical interaction is real versus confounded, warranting more research in the area.
Plug vs. suture: Who wins in large bore access closure?
Authors: Shatila Wassim , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: November 2018

Key Points
Large Bore Access in increasingly common and surgical closure used to be the gold standard for closure.
Novel less invasive closure devices such as the suture based vascular devices offer a safe alternative to surgery.
Recent developments provide us with MANTA (Essential Medical Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania) a vascular closure device that seems to be as safe and associated with less bleeding.
Certain genetic polymorphisms might account for HoTPR.
A Green Approach: Vicinal Oxidative Electrochemical Alkene Difunctionalization
Authors: Martins Guilherme M. , Shirinfar Bahareh , Hardwick Tomas , Ahmed Nisar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractElectrochemistry is now regarded as one of the most efficient ways to synthesize highly functionalized moieties, such as those of the difunctionalized vicinal alkene family, from simpler and more commercially available substrates. These vicinal transformations usually involve transition‐metal catalysts, hypervalent iodine reagents, or photocatalysts to form new bonds and often generate unwanted by‐products. Herein, we have outline examples of electrochemical alkene difunctionalization reactions that do not require a metal catalyst incorporated into the solution and yet still proceed with excellent atom economies.
Hydrodynamic characteristics of an activated sludge bubble column through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Gholamzadehdevin Mohammad , Pakzad Leila 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aeration process is widely used in wastewater treatment plants to remove microorganisms from sludge. Among aeration reactors, bubble columns have been extensively used due to their simple geometry. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was applied to investigate the hydrodynamics involved in an activated sludge bubble column. The CFD modelling integrated an incorporation of the continuity, momentum, and Eulerian‐Eulerian multiphase equations along with the species transport equation. The validated CFD model was then applied to explore the effect of superficial gas velocity, the location of the tracer's injection, and the sparger type on mixing time. The design of experiment (DOE) and full factorial design method were carried out to investigate the interaction among the independent variables. A significant relationship between superficial gas velocity and tracer injection location on the mixing time have been noticed. The performance of a novel gas sparger, the modified star‐shape gas sparger, was also evaluated. The modified gas sparger showed an enhanced hydrodynamic performance compared to the typical sparger.
Outcomes of secondary solid tumor malignancies among patients with myeloma: A population‐based study
Authors: Barth Peter , Castillo Jorge J. , Olszewski Adam J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic advances have extended survival for patients with myeloma, who may develop secondary cancers.MethodsUsing the population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (2004‐2015), the authors examined the characteristics, overall and cause‐specific survival, and cumulative incidence function of cancer‐related death among patients with myeloma with secondary cancers of the breast, prostate, lung, colon/rectum, or bladder or melanoma. Each patient was matched based on age, sex, race, and year of diagnosis to 50 controls from a general population who were diagnosed with the index cancer.ResultsPatients with myeloma with breast, prostate, or lung cancer were more commonly diagnosed at an early stage, whereas the stage distribution did not differ significantly among patients with melanoma, colorectal cancer, or bladder cancer. For all studied cancers except those of the lung, overall mortality was significantly higher among patients with myeloma compared with controls (hazard ratios, 1.84‐2.81). However, the cumulative incidence function of cancer‐related death did not differ (subhazard ratios, 0.84‐0.99) and was surpassed by myeloma‐related deaths (23% to 35% at 5 years). In patients with lung cancer, cancer‐related mortality was uniquely lower among patients with myeloma (subhazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.52‐0.68), even after adjustment for stage of disease. There was no significant difference noted with regard to noncancer deaths for any studied solid tumor. Use of surgery (evaluated in patients with nonmetastatic tumors, and in addition matched by disease stage) did not differ between cases and controls, except for fewer prostatectomies being noted among patients with myeloma (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.42‐0.74).ConclusionsThe results of the current study support curative treatment approaches to secondary cancers among patients with myeloma while highlighting the need for ongoing active myeloma management.
Safety and Tolerability of the Chymase Inhibitor Fulacimstat in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction—Results of the CHIARA MIA 1 Trial
Authors: Düngen Hans‐Dirk , Kober Lars , Nodari Savina , Schou Morten , Otto Christiane , Becka Michael , Kanefendt Friederike , Winkelmann Bernhard R. , Gislason Gunnar , Richard Frank , Nielsen Olav Wendelboe , Gheorghiade Mihai , Senni Michele 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe chymase inhibitor fulacimstat is developed as a first‐in‐class treatment option for the inhibition of adverse cardiac remodeling in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) after acute myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the study was to examine the safety and tolerability of fulacimstat in patients with LVD after remote MI. A multicenter, multinational randomized, placebo‐controlled study was performed in clinically stable patients (40–79 years of age, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% because of MI in medical history) who were on stable evidence‐based standard‐of‐care therapies for LVD post‐MI including an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker at doses of at least half the recommended target dose. Patients were treated for 2 weeks with either placebo (n = 12) or 4 different doses of fulacimstat (5 mg twice daily, n = 9; 10 mg twice daily, n = 9; 25 mg twice daily, n = 10; 50 mg once daily, n = 9). Fulacimstat was safe and well tolerated at all examined doses. There were no clinically relevant effects on vital signs or potassium levels compared with placebo treatment. Mean plasma concentrations of fulacimstat increased with the administered dose and reached exposures predicted to be therapeutically active. The safety profile and the absence of effects on blood pressure or heart rate in a chronic patient population having similar comorbidities and receiving similar comedication as patients after acute MI support future clinical trials with fulacimstat in patients after acute MI.
The Role of Lanthanum in a Nickel Oxide‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell for Efficiency and Stability Improvement
Authors: Teo Siowhwa , Guo Zhanglin , Xu Zhenhua , Zhang Chu , Kamata Yusuke , Hayase Shuzi , Ma Tingli 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA high‐performing inverted perovskite solar cell (PSC) always relies on the hole transporting layer (HTL) quality and its interfaces. This work investigates the impact of La incorporation within the NiOx matrix for defects passivation, thus leading to high charge extraction ability and stability without compromising its power conversion efficiency. In the presence of La, the La–NiOx quality is clearly improved; without the formation of pinholes. In addition, the inclusion of La alters the energy band alignment; consequently, enhancing the hole transportation and widening the Voc (>1 V), as compared to the pristine NiOx. The beneficial effect of La was further revealed through the photoluminescence measurement and density of states (DOS) analysis, in which trap states are passivated by La. More importantly, the perovskite solar cell, with La–NiOx as the HTL, exhibits 21 % enhancement in efficiency and a remarkable stability that is greater than that of pristine NiOx. This also unlocks an opportunity for commercialization.