bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Activated and Non-Activated Tar Sands for the Removal of Phenol and Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zeatoun Lua'y , Younis Noor , Rafati Rana 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Locally available tar sands were used for the removal of phenol and cadmium ions from their aqueous solutions. Batch sorption experiments showed that tar sands did not remove phenol from aqueous solutions, but they were effective in cadmium adsorption. Cadmium uptake was found to increase with an increase in initial concentration of the metal ions, temperature, pH and sorbent amount. On the other hand, the presence of ions such as sodium, Na+, suppressed the uptake of cadmium ions. Physical activation of the tar sands influenced the adsorption process negatively. The sorption process was relatively fast and the equilibrium isotherm data were well represented by the Langmuir model.
Adsorption of As(III) from Aqueous Solution onto Iron Oxide Impregnated Activated Alumina
Authors: Kuriakose Shugi , Singh Tony Sarvinder , Pant Kamal K. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The optimal parameters affecting the adsorption of arsenic ions As(III) on iron oxide impregnated activated alumina (IOIAA) were determined by conducting batch and column experiments. The adsorption of As(III) was strongly dependent on pH, temperature and initial adsorbate concentration. The adsorption process satisfied the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Equilibrium studies were conducted to obtain the thermodynamic parameters and data showed the endothermic nature of adsorption. Kinetics studies showed that a pseudo first-order rate equation successfully described the adsorption process. Equilibrium was attained within 10 h and the time taken to attain equilibrium was independent of initial arsenite concentration. Column studies showed that adsorption was strongly dependent on empty bed contact time. Column design parameters such as the time taken for the establishment of primary adsorption zone, fractional capacity, length of primary adsorption zone and the percentage saturation at breakpoint were calculated to be in the range of 18.3 to 70.4 h, 0.39 to 0.63, 3.0 to 3.85 cm and 69.6 to 81.5%, respectively. The observations mentioned above provide a direct relationship between the length of the adsorption zone (δ) and percent saturation at break point.
Arsenic Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions on an Fe(III)-Si Binary Oxide Adsorbent
Authors: Zeng Le 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study investigated arsenate and arsenite adsorption on an iron(III) oxide/silica adsorbent that had a Fe/Si molar ratio of 3. Batch experiments were conducted with regard to adsorption kinetics, isotherms, pH effects and interference of phosphate and sulfate on arsenic adsorption. The adsorption of arsenite was faster than that of arsenate. The adsorption kinetics could be well described by the power function equation for both arsenate and arsenite. The arsenate and arsenite adsorption isotherm data were satisfactorily fitted by the Redlich-Peterson, Freundlich-Langmuir and Langmuir models. The equilibrium adsorption capacity for As(III) was larger than that for As(V). This capacity for both As(III) and As(V) increased with temperature, from 11.3 to 14.9 (mg As/g) for As(V) and from 21.1 to 21.5 (mg As/g) for As(III) when the temperature was increased from 20 to 35°C. The arsenate adsorption was significantly reduced at pH above 7.5, while the arsenite adsorption was almost independent of pH in the range of 3 to 9. The calculated thermodynamic parameters including ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° reflected the spontaneous nature of As(V) and As(III) adsorption on this binary oxide adsorbent. The opposite values of ΔH° indicated that the adsorption of As(V) was exothermic, whereas that of As(III) was endothermic. It was found that the interference of phosphate at pH 7.4 was more significant for arsenate adsorption than for arsenite adsorption. In contrast, sulfate had insignificant interference on arsenic adsorption at the tested sulfate concentration up to 460 mg/L and pH 7.4.
Modification and Application of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for the Communication of Drinking Water Quality Data in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Khan Amir Ali , Paterson Renée , Khan Haseen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), drinking water quality monitoring is conducted by the provincial government on all public water supply systems and results are communicated to communities on a quarterly basis. This paper describes the application of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) as a communications tool for reporting the drinking water quality results. The CCME WQI simplifies the communication of results while integrating local expert opinion, without challenging the integrity of the data. The NL Department of Environment and Conservation successfully tested the use of the CCME WQI on selected drinking water quality data sets, and developed a phased approach for its implementation as a practical means of presenting available physical, chemical, organic and microbiological results to communities. The CCME WQI index categorization schema was modified by adding a new ranking category to incorporate local expert opinion. This paper describes the development of the phased approach for calculating water quality indices, the testing methodology used, the rationale for modifying the existing CCME WQI index categorization schema, and the implementation of an automated CCME WQI calculator in the provincial drinking water quality database. The paper also discusses the challenges encountered in using the CCME WQI especially with respect to incorporation of contaminants, microbiological and trihalomethanes data. The benefits and downfalls of this application are also discussed.
Impacts of Substituting Aluminum-Based Coagulants in Drinking Water Treatment
Authors: Niquette Patrick , Monette Frédéric , Azzouz Abdelkrim , Hausler Robert 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Aluminum-based coagulants in drinking water treatment are widely used across Canada. According to the literature, the presence of aluminum in drinking water poses possible risks to humans. Preliminary studies investigating the use of alternative coagulating agents such as iron-based coagulants, lanthanide salts and organic coagulants have already revealed that their implementation is possible, but require further studies concerning their technical, economical, social and environmental impacts. The identified alternative coagulants need on-site studies, operator formation and/or further research and development for their industrial utilization and the production of safe drinking water.
Evolution of Ontario's Stormwater Management Planning and Design Guidance
Authors: Bradford Andrea , Gharabaghi Bahram 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Ontario's Stormwater Management, Planning and Design Manual released in March 2003 integrates some of the advancements made in stormwater management since the 1994 version of the Manual was published. Perhaps the most significant update is the recognition of in-stream erosion control and water balance objectives in addition to flood and water quality objectives for stormwater management. Specific design criteria which would allow these objectives to be achieved are not set out, but procedures that can assist in the development of criteria based on local watershed and receiving water conditions are described. While refinements will undoubtedly be needed, approaches to designing end-of-pipe facilities to prevent undesirable geomorphic changes are included. Approaches to protect groundwater and baseflow characteristics are also included although guidance on addressing potential trade-offs between groundwater quantity and quality is an additional challenge for the future. Little design guidance is available in Ontario on techniques to mitigate impacts on wetlands, however, developments from other jurisdictions may be transferable. The 2003 Manual promotes an integrated, treatment train approach to stormwater management that emphasizes prevention first, followed by lot-level and conveyance controls and finally, endof- pipe controls. Some information on better site design techniques is incorporated but in comparison to other jurisdictions, less emphasis has been placed on low-impact development strategies. Ontario's approach to design for water quality (suspended solids) control has evolved little. To complement the prevention and treatment train philosophy, the removal efficiency approach to sizing end-of-pipe facilities needs to be used in conjunction with effluent criteria and/or minimum requirements for source protection. Significant advancements in stormwater modelling over the last decade are not well reflected in the Manual; the limited discussion of modelling focusses on an event-based approach. Whether event or continuous modelling is utilized, Ontario practitioners will need guidance on adapting input data to account for the anticipated effects of climate change. Development of sound guidance on monitoring increasingly complex, multi-objective stormwater management systems and the ecosystems they are designed to protect will be critical to ensure that the knowledge gained from performance evaluations may continue to be utilized to refine the design and management of stormwater systems.
A Water Elutriation Apparatus for Measuring Settling Velocity Distribution of Suspended Solids in Combined Sewer Overflows
Authors: Krishnappan Bommanna G. , Marsalek Jiri , Exall Kirsten , Stephens Robert P. , Rochfort Quintin , Seto Peter 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An elutriation apparatus has been proposed for determining the settling velocity distributions of suspended solids in combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The apparatus consisted of a series of interconnected cylindrical settling chambers, through which the sample was drawn using a peristaltic pump attached to the outlet of the last settling chamber. Since the diameters of the cylinders were progressively increasing, sediment with different settling velocities settled in different cylinders. By measuring the amount of sediment in each cylinder, the settling velocity distribution was deduced. The apparatus was tested using samples from a CSO outfall in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The test results showed that the apparatus performed well for determining settling characteristics of suspended solids and chemical distribution in different settling fractions. The effectiveness of polymer addition to enhance flocculation and settling of CSOs was also tested in this apparatus. The elutriation apparatus proposed here offers several advantages over the traditional methods (i.e., settling columns) of measurements of settling velocity distributions. The main advantage is its ability to measure the distributions under dynamic conditions, i.e., in the presence of flow. Consequently, the elutriation apparatus reproduces flow conditions in actual settling tanks better than conventional settling columns.
Numerical Modelling of Enhancing Suspended Solids Removal in a CSO Facility
Authors: He Cheng , Marsalek Jiri , Rochfort Quintin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
One of the most common methods of combined sewer overflow (CSO) treatment is by conventional settling, the efficiency of which depends on the properties of solid particles and the characteristics of the flow transporting these solids. Since the geometry and hydraulics of CSO facilities are often very complex, traditional design methods based on many simplifying assumptions may not predict well the actual operational performance. Therefore, there is a growing need for new tools assisting engineers in design or operation of CSO storage and treatment facilities. In a study of such a CSO facility, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model (FLUENT) was used to investigate flow and sediment behaviour, and to explore the ways of optimizing the overall facility performance by adding flow conditioning baffles to improve particle settling. A two-stage approach was adopted; flow patterns were simulated first by means of a volume of fluid (VOF) model and subsequently formed a basis for simulating particle transport by the discrete phase (DP) model. The simulation results for water surface, flow fields in different structure configurations, and particle capture rates in three parallel CSO storage/treatment tanks are presented for various flow conditions.
Practical Perspective on Real-Time Control
Authors: Colas Hubert , Pleau Martin , Lamarre Jean , Pelletier Geneviève , Lavallée Pierre 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Environmental regulation is evolving and will require billions of dollars in investments to improve the operation of wastewater systems and to control the wet-weather pollution. The optimization of existing facilities before building new ones has been emphasized as a preferred strategy and, consequently, municipalities are learning that they can avoid costly and unnecessary capital improvement projects. Real-time control is a technology that serves to optimize the operation of wastewater systems. However, it is still not widely used, although it is gaining acceptance in the municipal engineering community. More and more municipalities are evaluating the potential of real-time control for their systems. Nevertheless, there are relatively few examples of actual real-time control applications or publications on this topic. Many issues still need to be addressed, ranging from the evaluation of real-time control to its implementation. Some of the criteria that favour the implementation of real-time control systems are presented, including safety, reliability, adaptability and flexibility, and such a presentation is complemented by case studies of operational real-time control systems illustrating these characteristics.
An Effects-Based Assessment of Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) Populations in Agricultural Regions of Northwestern New Brunswick
Authors: Gray Michelle A. , Munkittrick Kelly R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Recently in Atlantic Canada, there has been increased concern associated with potato farming due to an increase in the frequency and magnitude of fish kills downstream of agricultural cultivation activities following major storm events. Over a period of three years (1999–2001), we monitored the population structure and physiological performance of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) within the Little River, located in an intensive potato cultivation region of northwestern New Brunswick. The slimy sculpin, a small-bodied benthic fish, was considered suitable for monitoring due to its natural abundance throughout the system, limited mobility, lack of commercial fishing pressures, and easily measured life history characteristics. Rather than focus on particular agricultural stressors, an effects-based assessment of the fish in the system was conducted to determine whether there were observable and persistent responses of sculpin in the agricultural region. We found that the local population structure at agricultural sites consisted of fewer young-of-the-year sculpin in 2 of 3 fall collections. In comparison with forested reaches, adult sculpin were larger but with smaller gonads, and females had smaller livers, gonads, and fewer and smaller eggs. These biological responses were reduced in the fall of the third year following drier conditions than the previous two years. The effects-based approach successfully demonstrated biological impacts on sculpin both temporally and spatially and therefore the species' potential for studying non-point source impacts in environmental monitoring.
Extending Uncertainty Analysis of a Hydrodynamic-Water Quality Modelling System using High Level Architecture (HLA)
Authors: Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich , Rauberg Jan , Hesser Fred B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper illustrates the coupling of water quality model components in High Level Architecture (HLA), a computer architecture for constructing distributed simulations. HLA facilitates interoperability among different simulations and simulation types and promotes reuse of simulation software modules. It was originally developed for military applications but the platform is finding increasing applicability for civilian purposes. The models from the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP5) were implemented in HLA to extend its Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis capabilities. The models include DYNHYD (hydrodynamics), EUTRO (phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics) and TOXI (sediment and micropollutant transport). The uncertainty analysis investigated the impact of errors in the hydrodynamic parameters (weir discharge and roughness coefficients) and boundary conditions (upstream and tributary discharge) on the uncertainty in the water quality output variables. It was found that the contribution of the hydrodynamic parameter error to the water quality output uncertainty is comparable to that obtained from the error in the water quality parameters. The error in the boundary condition input data is also an important contributor to model uncertainty.
Pilot-Scale Performance of Iron and Arsenic Removal from Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Manna Biswaranjan , Ghosh Uday Chand 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Pilot-scale performance in reducing excess iron and arsenic from contaminated groundwater has been systematically reported. Here, a double column unit, the first packed with β-MnO2 and the second with crystalline FeOOH (goethite variety), with filters attached to the outlet of hand-pump tube-wells has been used in the field. Results showed that the filters generate 10,000 to 15,000 BV and 19,000 to 35,000 BV water with iron ≤ 0.3 mg/L and arsenic ≤10 µg/L from groundwater having influent iron and arsenic levels of 3.75 to 7.25 mg/L and 70 to 220 µg/L, respectively. The downflow rate of effluent water was 237.6 to 305.5 L/m2-min. The performance results were achieved with a single charging of the iron and arsenic removal media. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests of the waste (arsenic content: 2.4 g/kg) showed that it is not hazardous to the environment and does not pose any risk to users. Cost evaluation showed $US0.50 to 0.70 per 1000 gallons of treated water and, hence, the technology is cost-effective for countries such as India and Bangladesh.
Comparative Evaluation of Natural Polyelectrolytes Psyllium and Chitosan as Coagulant Aids for Decolourization of Dye Solutions
Authors: Sanghi Rashmi , Bhattacharya Bani 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aqueous solutions of three different highly coloured anionic dyes (reactive, acidic and direct dyes), commonly used in the dyeing process, were studied for decolourization by coagulation. For optimum results the variables studied with polyaluminium chloride (PAC) were pH, dosage and temperature. Coagulation efficiencies of natural polyelectrolytes such as psyllium and chitosan alone or as coagulant aids in conjunction with PAC were studied and compared. In conjunction with a minimal dose of PAC, chitosan and psyllium were found to be very effective for the decolourization of acidic and direct dyes. Reactive dyes with anthraquinone chromophore were the most difficult to decolourize.
Application de la respirométrie pour le suivi de l'activité de la biomasse d'un biofiltre sur lit organique traitant du lisier de porc
Authors: Gilbert Yan , Le Bihan Yann , Buelna Gerardo , Lessard Paul 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
L'opération de systèmes de biofiltration à support organique nécessite le développement de méthodes de suivi simples et rapides La respirométrie de type LSS a donc été adaptée afin d'évaluer l'activité potentielle des organismes hétérotrophes présents dans le biofiltre. Des essais respirométriques ont été réalisés à différentes concentrations de milieu filtrant afin d'adapter la méthode à cette biomasse, fixée sur le support. Des colonnes de biofiltration de laboratoire ont été montées et alimentées à des charges hydrauliques et massiques variables et à des durées de fonctionnement différentes afin d'évaluer l'activité hétérotrophe à divers degrés de colonisation. Même après 60 jours d'opération des biofiltres, pour différentes conditions d'opération, la colonisation du milieu filtrant est toujours en accroissement et le suivi respirométrique reflète une colonisation du milieu filtrant lente dans le temps. L'activité des microorganismes a pu être mise en relation avec la quantité de matière organique cumulée dans le biofiltre. Les relations obtenues démontrent que la charge organique et la charge hydraulique ont une influence importante sur l'activité de la biomasse.
Sorption des ions chromate sur une hydrotalcite de synthèse calcinée
Authors: Bakhti Abdellah , Ouali Mohand SaÏd 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Nous avons examiné les possibilités de fixation des ions chromate sur une hydrotalcite de synthèse (Mg-Al-CO3) et son produit de calcination à 550ºC. Les différentes analyses physico-chimiques (diffraction des rayons X, analyse thermogravimétrique et composition chimique) ont permis d'une part d'établir la formule chimique du matériau de départ et d'autre part, de mettre en évidence sa propriété de pouvoir se régénérer après calcination ménagée et formation des oxydes mixtes.
La sorption d'ions chromate par le matériau préparé et par son produit de calcination a été étudiée. Nos résultats montrent que la cinétique de sorption est rapide (l'équilibre est atteint au bout de 20 minutes de contact) et que le phénomène dépend du pH. Le traitement, par le matériau calciné, de solutions contenant de 15 à 300 mg/l de Cr(VI) a donné de bons résultats. En effet, la comparaison des capacités de sorption pour les ions Cr(VI) de l'hydrotalcite calcinée avec d'autres phases LDHMg, Al montre bien la supériorité des propriétés sorptives des hydrotalcites calcinées d'où l'utilité de ces matériaux dans le domaine du traitement des eaux usées.
Comportement hydrogéochimique du phosphore dans le réservoir Imfout (Oum Rabiaa, Maroc)
Authors: Taoufik Mohamed , Dafir Jamal Eddine , Kemmou Souad 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
L’étude du phosphore, facteur clef responsable de l'eutrophisation des eaux continentales, a été entreprise au niveau du réservoir Imfout, situé dans la partie aval du bassin Oum Rabiaa, afin de comprendre le fonctionnement hydrogéochimique de cet élément dans ce réservoir. Le régime hydrologique du réservoir, caractérisé par un faible temps de séjour (70 jours en moyenne annuelle) est lié aux apports externes et à la gestion propre du réservoir. Cela contribue à l'homogénéisation de la colonne d'eau qui ne présente aucune stratification thermique ni d'anoxie. Le comportement hydrogéochimique du phosphore dans le réservoir montre que l'influence du réservoir Al Massira situé en amont sur les apports en phosphore semble être partielle. Ce réservoir semble être beaucoup plus contrôlée par : (1) les apports venant du bassin versant local où les flux en phosphore mesurés à l'entrée d'Imfout sont plus importants qu’à la sortie du réservoir Al Massira; (2) la consommation phytoplanctonique de la forme P-PO4 directement assimilable et (3) les échanges au niveau du sédiment, surtout en période estivale. L’étude saisonnière a montré le rôle des différentes fractions du phosphore du sédiment dans le processus d’échange eau – sédiment. La mobilité de ces différentes fractions explique les variations du phosphore sédimentaire. Les résultats témoignent de l'importance de la fraction ferrique dans ces échanges et cette fraction est identifiée comme étant la plus concernée par ces phénomènes.