bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotinic acid affects cytoskeleton remodeling via increasing the activity of gelsolin
Authors: Su Xiang , Ni Haizhen , Jin Wenxu , Pan Lemen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOur previous research has demonstrated that nicotinic acid (NA) might suppress the angiogenesis by modulating the expression of angiogenesis factors and promoting the cytoskeleton remodeling. However, the underlying mechanism need to be further elucidated. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured by a [Ca2+] detection kit. The F‐actin depolymerization was shown by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of F‐actin and G‐actin were determined by Western blot. The effects of NA treatment on the gelsolin‐PI3Kα (p110α) interaction were investigated by co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP). NA treatment caused an initial drop and then induced a significant increase in [Ca2+] with a time and dose dependent manner. In addition, NA promoted the depolymerization of F‐actin and knockdown of gelsolin substantially rescued the effects caused by NA treatment. NA treatment significantly inhibited the interaction between phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) α (p110α) and gelsolin and addition of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐triphosphate (PIP3) increased the protein level of F‐actin and rescued the F/G‐actin ratio. In conclusion, our results indicated NA treatment could interfere with the ability of PI3Kα (p110α) to inhibit the activity of gelsolin by decomposing PIP2 to produce PIP3, thereby increasing the activity of gelsolin, which ultimately acted on the remodeling of the cytoskeleton and exerted an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.
Organization of associating or crosslinked actin filaments in confinement
Authors: Adeli Koudehi Maral , Rutkowski David M. , Vavylonis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA key factor of actin cytoskeleton organization in cells is the interplay between the dynamical properties of actin filaments and cell geometry, which restricts, confines and directs their orientation. Crosslinking interactions among actin filaments, together with geometrical cues and regulatory proteins can give rise to contractile rings in dividing cells and actin rings in neurons. Motivated by recent in vitro experiments, in this work we performed computer simulations to study basic aspects of the interplay between confinement and attractive interactions between actin filaments. We used a spring‐bead model and Brownian dynamics to simulate semiflexible actin filaments that polymerize in a confining sphere with a rate proportional to the monomer concentration. We model crosslinking, or attraction through the depletion interaction, implicitly as an attractive short‐range potential between filament beads. In confining geometries smaller than the persistence length of actin filaments, we show rings can form by curving of filaments of length comparable to, or longer than the confinement diameter. Rings form for optimal ranges of attractive interactions that exist in between open bundles, irregular loops, aggregated, and unbundled morphologies. The probability of ring formation is promoted by attraction to the confining sphere boundary and decreases for large radii and initial monomer concentrations, in agreement with prior experimental data. The model reproduces ring formation along the flat plane of oblate ellipsoids.
Towards a secure incremental proxy re‐encryption for e‐healthcare data sharing in mobile cloud computing
Authors: Bhatia Tarunpreet , Verma A.K. , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: September 2019

SummaryCloud computing provides universal access to a pool of shared resources to numerous stakeholders/shareholders of the e‐healthcare industry. The speedy adoption of cloud computing has inevitably raised security concerns for the outsourced data. Since mobile devices are resource constrained, the security solutions must discharge the computing comprehensive operations on the cloud for implementation. Conventionally, any modification to uploaded record would compel the mobile client to encrypt and compute the hash value from scratch. Through this paper, we intend to propose a pairing‐free incremental proxy re‐encryption scheme, without certificates, which would run proportionate to the number of modifications in time, instead of the document length for improvement in the file modification tasks. The proposed scheme shows a significant improvement in the file modification system regarding the energy consumption and the turnaround timer taken. The proposed scheme has been verified through a formal method using Z3 solver.
Patterns of livestock depredation and cost‐effectiveness of fortified livestock enclosures in northern Tanzania
Authors: Kissui Bernard M. , Kiffner Christian , König Hannes J. , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHuman–carnivore conflicts and retaliatory killings contribute to carnivore populations' declines around the world. Strategies to mitigate conflicts have been developed, but their efficacy is rarely assessed in a randomized case–control design. Further, the economic costs prevent the adoption and wide use of conflict mitigation strategies by pastoralists in rural Africa. We examined carnivore (African lion [Panthera leo], leopard [Panthera pardus], spotted hyena [Crocuta crocuta], jackal [Canis mesomelas], and cheetah [Acinonyx jubatus]) raids on fortified (n = 45, total 631 monthly visits) and unfortified (traditional, n = 45, total 521 monthly visits) livestock enclosures (“bomas”) in northern Tanzania. The study aimed to (a) assess the extent of retaliatory killings of major carnivore species due to livestock depredation, (b) describe the spatiotemporal characteristics of carnivore raids on livestock enclosures, (c) analyze whether spatial covariates influenced livestock depredation risk in livestock enclosures, and (d) examine the cost‐effectiveness of livestock enclosure fortification. Results suggest that (a) majority of boma raids by carnivores were caused by spotted hyenas (nearly 90% of all raids), but retaliatory killings mainly targeted lions, (b) carnivore raid attempts were rare at individual households (0.081 raid attempts/month in fortified enclosures and 0.102 raid attempts/month in unfortified enclosures), and (c) spotted hyena raid attempts increased in the wet season compared with the dry season, and owners of fortified bomas reported less hyena raid attempts than owners of unfortified bomas. Landscape and habitat variables tested, did not strongly drive the spatial patterns of spotted hyena raids in livestock bomas. Carnivore raids varied randomly both spatially (village to village) and temporally (year to year). The cost‐benefit analysis suggest that investing in boma fortification yielded positive net present values after two to three years. Thus, enclosure fortification is a cost‐effective strategy to promote coexistence of carnivores and humans.
A flexible tool to prioritize areas for conservation combining landscape units, measures of biodiversity, and threats
Authors: Ondei Stefania , Brook Barry W. , Buettel Jessie C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExpanding the reserve system is a key strategy to enhance biodiversity protection. Yet, conservation outcomes can be undermined by underrepresentation of some habitats and opportunistic placement of protected areas. Irreplaceability and vulnerability, the key principles of conservation, should thus be combined within a bioregionalization framework to implement protection in the habitats that most need it. We proposed a simple and flexible method to prioritize bioregions for conservation based on these principles and used it to rank the 85 bioregions of the Australian continent. To do so, we quantified biodiversity values and threats in each bioregion by gathering open‐access data on species, landscapes, and land use. Bioregions were then ranked using a set of customizable scenarios, including ecologically meaningful combinations of measures of irreplaceability and vulnerability. To identify biodiverse areas under threat but potentially overlooked, we compared our results with the location of already established biodiversity hotspots (i.e., areas identified as important for biodiversity and under threat). We found that bioregions with the highest biodiversity values are predominantly located in the southwest, east, and north of the continent. Similarly, threats, particularly land clearance, are concentrated along the east coast and in the southwest. When ranking bioregions using scenarios including both threats and biodiversity values, the majority (75%) of the highest‐ranking bioregions were already included in biodiversity hotspots. For five of these bioregions, the proportion of protected land to date still falls below the 17% recommended by the Convention on Biological Diversity and thus they likely require prompt prioritization and intervention. The method proposed can support ongoing monitoring and prioritization of land units for conservation. Its simplicity and flexibility mean it can be easily adopted for different areas and adjusted to local priorities.
A review on microfluidics in the detection of food pesticide residues
Authors: Xu Bangbang , Guo Jiuchuan , Fu Yusheng , Chen Xinyu , Guo Jinhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper briefly explains the food safety problems related to pesticide residues and introduces microfluidics technology as a pesticide residue detection method. Three mainstream microfluidic detection devices are detailed: one driven by liquid surface tension, one by motor siphon drive, and one by centrifugal force. The advantages and disadvantages of each are considered in an analysis of future trends in microfluidic technology for pesticide detection.
Effects of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers on the solubility of ethanol/diesel and hydrous ethanol/diesel fuel blends
Authors: Jin Chao , Zhang Xiyuan , Wang Xichang , Xiang Yang , Cui Xianfeng , Yin Zuoshui , Sun Xingyu , Ji Jing , Wang Gang , Liu Haifeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEthanol is an oxygen‐containing renewable clean fuel. The use of ethanol in engines can reduce greenhouse emissions and pollutant emissions of NOx and soot. However, ethanol has limited solubility in diesel fuel. Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE) can improve the miscibility and cetane number of ethanol‐diesel blend. To evaluate the solubilizing ability of PODE on the mixture of ethanol and diesel, the phase behavior of the ternary system (PODE, anhydrous ethanol, and diesel) was investigated at different ambient temperatures. Additionally, the blend can easily absorb water from ambient humidity because of the additional ethanol, which may cause phase separation. Thus, the effect of water addition on the phase behavior of the system was studied. In the current study, the blend of ethanol (100%, 98%, 95% purity) and diesel fuel was used as a solute with different diesel blending ratios. Then, PODE was gradually added into blend until phase boundaries of ternary system appeared. Results show that the ability of PODE in the blend is greatly affected by ambient temperature, particularly above 10°C. The addition of water greatly destroys the phase stability of the ternary system and increases demand for PODE due to the hydrophobicity of diesel.
The Checklist Imperative
Authors: Scriven Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMichael Scriven, who is situated on the valuing branch of the Evaluation Theory Tree, argues for the importance of a checklist approach in evaluation. To do so, he points to the value of the approach in other fields and industries, and then turns his attention to his own Key Evaluation Checklist. In particular, he proposes a formative evaluation that focuses on process, outcomes, and generalizability to identify key aspects of an evaluation of the Women Affirming Motherhood program.
Proposal for Evaluation of Women Affirming Motherhood
Authors: Patton Michael Quinn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSituated on the use branch of the Evaluation Theory Tree, Michael Patton draws from his experience with collective impact initiatives to explore the complexity of administering and evaluating such a program. He presents an evaluation proposal for the Women Affirming Motherhood (WAM) program that is organized around five key operating principles and that is rooted in a utilization‐focused, developmental, and principles‐focused evaluation approach. Overall, Patton argues for collaboration with an emphasis on stakeholder learning and participation.
The Case Study: The Women Affirming Motherhood Program
Authors: Dillman Lisa , Scott Caitlin , Kinarsky Alana R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter describes the Women Affirming Motherhood (WAM) program, which serves as the case study for the issue. WAM is a 2‐year‐old program in the Midwest whose mission is to provide prenatal and postnatal care to underserved women. The program is led by a former resident of the community and one of her college peers; it is largely administered by a “fleet” of social workers who visit program participants monthly and provide a range of services. WAM recently received a $1.5 million grant from a foundation interested in collective impact. While they have extensive foundation support, their collaborative work is new, and they are in the process of learning what it will entail.
Wall‐modeled large‐eddy simulation in a finite element framework
Authors: Owen Herbert , Chrysokentis Georgios , Avila Matias , Mira Daniel , Houzeaux Guillaume , Borrell Ricard , Cajas Juan Carlos , Lehmkuhl Oriol 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis work studies the implementation of wall modeling for large‐eddy simulation in a finite element context. It provides a detailed description of how the approach used by the finite volume and finite differences communities is adapted to the finite element context. The new implementation is as simple and easy to implement as the classical finite element one, but it provides vastly superior results. In the typical approach used in finite elements, the mesh does not extend all the way to the wall, and the wall stress is evaluated at the first grid point, based on the velocity at the same point. Instead, we adopt the approach commonly used in finite differences, where the mesh covers the whole domain and the wall stress is obtained at the wall grid point, with the velocity evaluated at the first grid point off the wall. The method is tested in a turbulent channel flow at Reτ=2003, a neutral atmospheric boundary layer flow, and a flow over a wall‐mounted hump, with significant improvement in the results compared to the standard finite element approach. Additionally, we examine the effect of evaluating the input velocity further away from the wall, as well as applying temporal filtering on the wall‐model input.
MELD‐GRAIL‐Na: Glomerular Filtration Rate and Mortality on Liver‐Transplant Waiting List
Authors: Asrani Sumeet K. , Jennings Linda W. , Kim W.R. , Kamath Patrick S. , Levitsky Josh , Nadim Mitra K. , Testa Giuliano , Leise Michael D. , Trotter James F. , Klintmalm Goran 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Among patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation, prediction of wait‐list (WL) mortality is adjudicated by the Model for End Stage Liver Disease–Sodium (MELD‐Na) score. Replacing serum creatinine (SCr) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the MELD‐Na score may improve prediction of WL mortality, especially for women and highest disease severity.

Approach and Results
We developed (2014) and validated (2015) a model incorporating eGFR using national data (n = 17,095) to predict WL mortality. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the GFR assessment in liver disease (GRAIL) developed among patients with cirrhosis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis models were used to compare the predicted 90‐day WL mortality between MELD‐GRAIL‐Na (re‐estimated bilirubin, international normalized ratio [INR], sodium, and GRAIL) versus MELD‐Na. Within 3 months, 27.8% were transplanted, 4.3% died on the WL, and 4.7% were delisted for other reasons. GFR as estimated by GRAIL (hazard ratio [HR] 0.382, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.344‐0.424) and the re‐estimated model MELD‐GRAIL‐Na (HR 1.212, 95% CI 1.199‐1.224) were significant predictors of mortality or being delisted on the WL within 3 months. MELD‐GRAIL‐Na was a better predictor of observed mortality at highest deciles of disease severity (≥ 27‐40). For a score of 32 or higher (observed mortality 0.68), predicted mortality was 0.67 (MELD‐GRAIL‐Na) and 0.51 (MELD‐Na). For women, a score of 32 or higher (observed mortality 0.67), the predicted mortality was 0.69 (MELD‐GRAIL‐Na) and 0.55 (MELD‐Na). In 2015, use of MELD‐GRAIL‐Na as compared with MELD‐Na resulted in reclassification of 16.7% (n = 672) of patients on the WL.

Conclusion
Incorporation of eGFR likely captures true GFR better than SCr, especially among women. Incorporation of MELD‐GRAIL‐Na instead of MELD‐Na may affect outcomes for 12%‐17% awaiting transplant and affect organ allocation.
Male callers to an Australian perinatal depression and anxiety help line—Understanding issues and concerns
Authors: Fletcher Richard , StGeorge Jennifer , Newman Louise , Wroe Jaime 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThere is increasing recognition of the issues facing men in the perinatal period. Vulnerability factors and issues in the partner relationship contribute to mental health risk and can impact the quality of the father–infant relationship. Yet, there is limited understanding of fathers’ help‐seeking when they or their partner are experiencing mental health issues in the context of caring for a new baby. The present study examines fathers’ contacts with the Perinatal Anxiety and Depression Australia (PANDA) National Helpline. The study reviewed contacts from fathers and their identified needs for assistance, relationship issues, and support needs; 70% of male callers (N = 129) reported concerns about the mother's mental health, and 57% were concerned about relationship breakdown. Significant numbers of men raised issues about their own mental health (43%) and many were concerned about the impact of maternal mental state on the relationship with the infant. When compared to community data, there were elevated rates of concerns about depression and anxiety. Men also described difficulties with the fathering role and with regulating their own feelings of guilt and frustration. These findings highlight the needs of men for support when a mother experiences perinatal problems and also the risk for distress in fathers.
Does the Prediction Accuracy of Osteoporotic Fractures by BMD and Clinical Risk Factors Vary With Fracture Site?
Authors: Iconaru L , Moreau M , Kinnard V , Baleanu F , Paesmans M , Karmali R , Body JJ , Bergmann P 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSeveral clinical risk factors (CRFs) have been shown to predict the risk of fragility fractures independently of BMD, but their accuracy in the prediction of a particular fracture site has not been extensively studied. In this study based on longitudinal data from the FRISBEE cohort (Fracture Risk Brussels Epidemiological Enquiry), we evaluated if CRFs are specific for sites of incident osteoporotic fractures during follow‐up. We recruited 3560 postmenopausal women, aged 60 to 85 years, from 2007 to 2013, and surveyed yearly for the occurrence of fragility fractures during 6.2 years (median). We analyzed the association between CRFs included in the FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool) model or additional CRFs (falls, sedentary lifestyle, early untreated menopause, diabetes, use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or proton pump inhibitors) and the first incident validated major osteoporotic fracture (MOF; n = 362; vertebra, hip, shoulder, and wrist) or other major fractures (n = 74; ankle, pelvis/sacrum, elbow, knee, long bones). Uni‐ and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were used. For MOFs considered together, the risk of fracture was highly associated in uni‐ and multivariate analyses (p<0.01) with osteoporosis (T‐score < −2.5), prior fracture, age, BMD (assessed by DXA), and fall history (HR 2.34, 1.82,1.71, 1.38, and 1.32, respectively). For each site analyzed separately, prior OF, age, smoking, and total hip BMD remained independent predictors for hip fractures (HR 5.72, 3.98, 3.10, 2.32, and 1.92, respectively); osteoporosis, age, prior OF, glucocorticoids, and spine BMD for vertebral fracture (HR 2.08, 1.87, 1.78, 1.76, and 1.45, respectively); osteoporosis, prior OF, and femoral neck BMD (HR 1.83, 1.60, and 1.56, respectively) for wrist fracture; osteoporosis, prior OF, and spine BMD (HR 2.48, 1.78, and 1.31, respectively) for shoulder fracture; prior OF and diabetes (HR 2.62 and 2.03) for other major fractures. Thus, a prior fracture and BMD were the best predictors of fracture risk at any site. Other CRFs have a weaker predictive value, which is a function of the site of a future fracture. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An examination of the influence of procedurally just strategies on legal cynicism among urban youth experiencing police contact
Authors: Hofer Meret S. , Womack Sean R. , Wilson Melvin N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdolescents experience more police‐initiated contacts resulting from relatively minor infractions than any other group, and often these interactions do not result in notable legal consequences. However, such interactions may have long‐term consequences for adolescent perceptions of the justice system. Using data from the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, our study examines associations between situational and process features of police contact and legal cynicism in adolescence, accounting for demographic characteristics, self‐reported delinquency, neighborhood context, and stop outcome. Relative to youth who experienced only vicarious police contact, youth who had direct or both direct and vicarious police contact reported higher levels of legal cynicism. Youth perceptions of procedural justice were associated with lower legal cynicism. Situational features of police contact such as harsh language and frisking were related to higher legal cynicism. Directions for future research, including the need for longitudinal research on this topic, are discussed.
Direct conversion of somatic cells towards oligodendroglial lineage cells: A novel strategy for enhancement of myelin repair
Authors: Yavarpour‐Bali Hanie , Nakhaei‐Nejad Maryam , Yazdi Azadeh , Ghasemi‐Kasman Maryam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are considered as the main cell source for myelination in the central nervous system. Following demyelination, proliferation, migration, and differentiation capability of endogenous OPCs remarkably increase leading to remyelination in damaged areas. Despite the beneficial impacts of resident OPCs for myelin repair, the capacity of endogenous repair is low and insufficient. Therefore, several strategies have been developed to improve endogenous myelin repair. Although stem cell therapy has been introduced as a promising strategy for neurodegenerative disorders, but several limitations such as cell rejection, teratoma formation, and ethical concerns have hampered the extensive application of stem cells in clinic. In recent years, direct conversion of fully differentiated somatic cells into desired cells in the lesion area has opened a new era in regenerative medicine. In addition to direct reprogramming of somatic cells to neurons, recent evidence have also demonstrated that somatic cells, including fibroblasts and astrocytes, can be directly reprogrammed to OPC‐like cells by overexpression of some specific transcription factors, microRNAs, or application of small molecules. Interestingly, induced OPCs differentiated to myelinating oligodendrocytes that could effectively ensheath the host axons. In the present review article, the current advancements in direct conversion of somatic cells towards oligodendroglial cells have been discussed both in vitro and in vivo.