bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riding the wave of genomics to investigate aquatic coliphage diversity and activity
Authors: Michniewski Slawomir , Redgwell Tamsin , Grigonyte Aurelija , Rihtman Branko , Aguilo‐Ferretjans Maria , Christie‐Oleza Joseph , Jameson Eleanor , Scanlan David J. , Millard Andrew D. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBacteriophages infecting Escherichia coli (coliphages) have been used as a proxy for faecal matter and water quality from a variety of environments. However, the diversity of coliphages that is present in seawater remains largely unknown, with previous studies largely focusing on morphological diversity. Here, we isolated and characterized coliphages from three coastal locations in the United Kingdom and Poland. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of phage isolates facilitated the identification of putative new species within the genera Rb69virus and T5virus and a putative new genus within the subfamily Tunavirinae. Furthermore, genomic and proteomic analysis combined with host range analysis allowed the identification of a putative tail fibre that is likely responsible for the observed differences in host range of phages vB_Eco_mar003J3 and vB_Eco_mar004NP2.
Photoplethysmographic evaluation of sympathectomy during lumbar epidural analgesia: A randomized comparison of 0.125% ropivacaine and 0.125% levobupivacaine
Authors: Reiner Kresimir , Lukic Anita , Martinus Marija , Cacic Marko , Mihaljevic Slobodan 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThere are no data on the difference between the impact of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine on sympathetic nerve fibers during central neuraxial blocks. We hypothesized that there is no difference in the degree of sympathectomy between the two drugs during lumbar epidural analgesia for labor pain.MethodsSixty healthy parturients were randomized to the type of local anesthetic–opiod solution administered in the epidural space: 10 mL of 0.125% ropivacaine + 100 mcg of fentanyl or 10 mL of 0.125% levobupivacaine + 100 mcg of fentanyl. After the baseline measurement, photoplethysmography signal from the first toe of the leg was recorded 5, 10 and 20 minutes after administration of epidural analgesia.ResultsArea under the curve and the pulse transit time of the toe photoplethysmography increased in both groups during the first 20 minutes after administration of epidural analgesia (P < 0.001 for both parameters in both groups). No difference in the degree of sympathectomy was found between the groups for the area under the curve. The difference in the change of the pulse transit time suggests that the two local anesthetics might differ in the degree of sympathectomy (P = 0.024).Conclusion0.125% ropivacaine and 0.125% levobupivacaine do not differ in the terms of sympathectomy–mediated side effects of the epidural block for labor analgesia. However, the photoplethysmography findings suggest a certain difference in the degree of sympathectomy between the two local anesthetics.
A Comparison of Scoring Systems for Predicting Short‐ and Long‐term Survival After Trauma in Older Adults
Authors: Meagher Ashley D. , Lin Amber , Mandell Samuel P. , Bulger Eileen , Newgard Craig 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesEarly identification of geriatric patients at high risk for mortality is important to guide clinical care, medical decision making, palliative discussions, quality assurance, and research. We sought to identify injured older adults at highest risk for 30‐day mortality using an empirically derived scoring system from available data and to compare it with current prognostic scoring systems.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of injured adults ≥ 65 years transported by 44 emergency medical services (EMS) agencies to 49 emergency departments in Oregon and Washington from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2011, with follow‐up through December 31, 2012. We matched data from EMS to Medicare, inpatient, trauma registries, and vital statistics. Using a primary outcome of 30‐day mortality, we empirically derived a new risk score using binary recursive partitioning and compared it to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), modified frailty index, geriatric trauma outcome score (GTOS), GTOS II, and Injury Severity Score (ISS).ResultsThere were 4,849 patients, of whom 234 (4.8%) died within 30 days and 1,040 (21.5%) died within 1 year. The derived score, the geriatric trauma risk indicator (GTRI; emergent airway or CCI ≥ 2), had 87.2% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] = 83.0% to 91.5%) and 30.6% specificity (95% CI = 29.3% to 31.9%) for 30‐day mortality (area under the receiving operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.589, 95% CI = 0.566 to 0.611). AUROC values for other scoring systems ranged from 0.592 to 0.678. When the sensitivity for each existing score was held at 90%, specificity values ranged from 7.5% (ISS) to 30.6% (GTRI).ConclusionsOlder, injured adults transported by EMS to a large variety of trauma and nontrauma hospitals were more likely to die within 30 days if they required emergent airway management or had a higher comorbidity burden. When compared to other risk measures and holding sensitivity constant near 90%, the GTRI had higher specificity, despite a lower AUROC. Using GTOS II or the GTRI may better identify high‐risk older adults than traditional scores, such as ISS, but identification of an ideal prognostic tool remains elusive.
Limited evidence of compositional convergence of restored vegetation with reference states after 20 years of livestock exclusion
Authors: Sims Ryan J. , Lyons Mitchell , Keith David A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNative pastures and rangelands may become degraded by intensive pastoral use through clearing of woody components, loss of sensitive native species, invasion of opportunistic exotics and soil erosion, compaction and nutrient imbalance. Livestock exclusion is commonly a first management step to restore ecosystems degraded by overgrazing. However, few studies evaluate the outcomes of livestock exclusion on plant species composition and soil chemistry, while those that do are inconclusive due partly to highly variable responses and to inexplicit performance criteria. We adopted a conceptual model that characterised responses to fencing in terms of divergence from initial states and convergence with targeted states that represent restoration goals. We used the model to design an investigation of fencing effects on grassy woodlands within livestock production landscapes in subhumid southeastern Australia. First, we asked whether fencing initiated divergence from continually grazed vegetation and convergence with reference states with respect to plant species composition and soil properties. Secondly, we asked how responses depend on livestock exclusion time, degradation of the initial state, and soil conditions. Compositional trajectories based on a 17‐year chronosequence showed that livestock exclusion initiated some divergence from unfenced controls but convergence with reference states was limited, variable among sites and unrelated to time‐since‐livestock‐exclusion. Fencing initiated the development of novel communities comprising exotic taxa and a subset of native taxa from the reference species pool. Initial state offered limited explanation for the variability in compositional divergence from unfenced controls. Soil properties did not converge with reference states over time, and initial state did not explain the degree divergence of fenced from unfenced plots. The findings suggest site selection is crucial to successful restoration and reinforce the need to consider supplementary management actions, such as planting, scalping, direct seeding and weed control, in addition to livestock grazing exclusion, to restore woodlands towards desired states.
Rainbow trout resistance to bacterial cold water disease: two new quantitative trait loci identified after a natural disease outbreak on a French farm
Authors: Fraslin C. , Brard‐Fudulea S. , D'Ambrosio J. , Bestin A. , Charles M. , Haffray P. , Quillet E. , Phocas F. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn rainbow trout farming, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease, is responsible for important economic losses. Resistance to F. psychrophilum is heritable, and several quantitative trait loci (QTL) with moderate effects have been detected, opening up promising perspectives for the genetic improvement of resistance. In most studies however, resistance to F. psychrophilum was assessed in experimental infectious challenges using injection as the infection route, which is not representative of natural infection. Indeed, injection bypasses external barriers, such as mucus and skin, that likely play a protective role against the infection. In this study, we aimed at describing the genetic architecture of the resistance to F. psychrophilum after a natural disease outbreak. In a 2000‐fish cohort, reared on a French farm, 720 fish were sampled and genotyped using the medium‐throughput Axiom™ Trout Genotyping Array. Overall mortality at the end of the outbreak was 25%. Genome‐wide association studies were performed under two different models for time to death measured on 706 fish with validated genotypes for 30 060 SNPs. This study confirms the polygenic inheritance of resistance to F. psychrophilum with a few QTL with moderate effects and a large polygenic background, the heritability of the trait being estimated at 0.34. Two new chromosome‐wide significant QTL and three suggestive QTL were detected, each of them explaining between 1% and 4% of genetic variance.
Significance of CEP78 and WDR62 gene expressions in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Possible predictors of lateral lymph node metastasis
Authors: Hammad Maha O. , Elabbasy Lamiaa M. , Abd elghaffar Mahmoud A. , Zaki Marwa M. A. , Bazeed Fagr B. , Zahran Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed at investigating the clinical significance of CEP78 and WDR62 in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). This study also aimed at finding predictors that help in detecting patients with DTC who have high risk for lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM).MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was performed to examine CEP78, and WDR62 mRNA expressions in 40 tissue specimens of DTC, and 40 goiter tissue specimens. Additionally, we reviewed clinical, ultrasound, laboratory, pathological data of patients to analyze the associations between these characteristics and lateral LNM.ResultsOur results demonstrated that relative CEP78 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in thyroid cancer tissues than goiter tissues (P = 0.002). ROC curve analysis confirmed the diagnostic value of CEP78 mRNA expression, providing an AUC equals to 0.698 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.583–0.813; P = 0.002). The relative WDR62 mRNA expression was not statistically different in DTC tissues and goiter tissues (P = 0.686). Furthermore, the DTC patients had been included to examine risk factors for lateral LNM. In multivariate analysis, the significant factors for predicting lateral LNM were low CEP78 mRNA expression (cut off value ≤0.54; P = 0.03; OR = 19.62; 95% CI, 1.3–296.23), central LNM (P = 0.011; OR = 33.6; 95% CI, 2.24–503.6) and calcifications (P = 0.023; OR = 27.187; 95% CI, 1.57–469.5).ConclusionsCEP78 can be used as a promising molecular biomarker for differentiation between DTC and goiter tissues, in addition it might serve as a predictor of lateral LNM in DTC along with central LNM and calcifications. Unlike CEP78, WDR62 mRNA expression was not statistically different in DTC and goiter.
Motor performance and cognitive correlates in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy without cerebral palsy at school age
Authors: Jary S , Lee‐Kelland R , Tonks J , Cowan F M , Thoresen M , Chakkarapani E 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate whether motor performance in school‐age children without cerebral palsy (CP), cooled for neonatal encephalopathy, is associated with perinatal factors and 18‐month developmental scores and to explore relationships between school‐age motor and cognitive performance.MethodsMotor and cognitive performance was assessed in 29 previously cooled children at six to eight years using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children‐2 (MABC‐2) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC‐IV). Associations between MABC‐2 scores less than/equal (≤) 15th centile and perinatal factors, social/family background, 18‐month Bayley‐III scores and WISC‐IV scores were explored.ResultsEleven of the 29 (38%) children had MABC‐2 scores ≤15th centile including 7 (24%) ≤5th centile. No significant perinatal or socio‐economic risk factors were identified. Motor scores <85 at 18 months failed to identify children with MABC‐2 scores ≤15th centile. MABC‐2 scores ≤15th centile were associated with lower Full Scale IQ (p = 0.045), Working Memory (p = 0.03) and Perceptual Reasoning (p = 0.005) scores at six to eight years and receiving greater support in school (p = 0.01).ConclusionA third of cooled children without CP had MABC‐2 scores indicating motor impairment at school age that was not identified at 18 months by Bayley‐III. Most children with low MABC scores needed support at school. Sub‐optimal MABC‐2 scores indicate need for detailed school‐age cognitive evaluation.
Socioeconomic Status and the Prediction of Health Promoting Dietary Behaviours: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Li Arthur Sone Wai , Figg Georgia , Schüz Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundDietary behaviours are strongly patterned by socioeconomic status (SES). However, the role of SES in the self‐regulation of health promoting dietary behaviours is not fully understood. This systematic review with meta‐analysis investigated whether four individual‐level measures of SES (income, occupation, education, and ethnicity) moderate the relationships between Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) variables and different health promoting dietary behaviours in adults.MethodsA systematic literature search identified 106 studies from 77 articles providing information on TPB variables, SES, and health promoting dietary behaviours—choosing health promoting foods and restricting health compromising foods. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to generate pooled correlations corrected for sampling and measurement error, and meta‐regression was used to test moderating effects of study‐level SES.ResultsAll TPB variables were significantly and positively associated with both health promoting dietary behaviours, with intention having the strongest correlation with behaviour. However, none of the relationships between TPB variables and health promoting dietary behaviours were significantly moderated by study‐level SES.ConclusionsResults suggest robust associations between TPB predictors and healthy dietary behaviour that are not patterned by individual‐level SES measures.
Determination and prediction of the apparent and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in cottonseed meals fed to growing pigs
Authors: Ma Xiaokang , Zhang Sai , Shang Qinghui , Long Shenfei , Piao Xiangshu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in cottonseed meals (CSM) and to develop prediction equations for estimating AA digestibility for growing pigs based on the chemical composition and AA content of CSM. 10 CSM were collected from 10 provinces in China. 11 barrows (initial body weight: 34.4 ± 1.9 kg), fitted with an ileal T‐cannula, were allotted to 6 × 11 Youden square with 6 periods and 11 diets. The diets included one N‐free diet and 10 CSM test diets containing 40% CSM as the sole source of AA. The nitrogen‐free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The AID and SID for crude protein (CP), Lys, Met, Trp, and Thr among the 10 CSM differed (p < 0.05). With R2 values exceeding 0.30, significant linear regression equations for CP, Lys, and Thr were obtained. The best fit equations for predicting the AID and SID of Lys were: AID of Lys = 82.94–0.65 neutral detergent fiber, with R2 = 0.44, residual standard deviation (RSD) = 4.03 and p = 0.04; and SID of Lys = 135.34–1.01 neutral detergent fiber + 34.27 Thr – 58.06 Trp – 84.93 Met, with R2 = 0.90, RSD = 1.42 and p = 0.01. In conclusion, the results of AID, SID and prediction equations could be used to evaluate the digestibility of CSM in growing pigs.
The point of no return: Up to what point should we be allowed to withdraw consent to the storage and use of embryos and gametes?
Authors: Frith Lucy , Blyth Eric 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article discusses when it is ethically acceptable to withdraw consent for the storage and use of embryos and gametes. Currently, the law in the UK states that consent to use of a gamete or embryo can be withdrawn up to the point of the embryo's transfer to the recipient's uterus or when the gamete is used in providing treatment services; that is, the ‘point of no return’. In this article, we will consider other points of no return and argue that having a single point of no return, a one size fits all form of consent can, in some cases, lead to restrictions on individuals’ autonomy and cause particular types of harm. Therefore, having different points of no return that fit different circumstances could extend autonomy and allow people to enter into agreements that are tailored more to their own particular needs and circumstances.
Cognitive regulations in ICT‐supported flipped classroom interactions: An activity theory perspective
Authors: Zheng Xiao‐Li , Kim Hoi‐Soo , Lai Wen‐Hua , Hwang Gwo‐Jen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent years, most studies on flipped classrooms or flipped learning have focused on learners’ motivation, academic achievement and teachers’ and students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom. Little research has involved interactions in the flipped classroom. This study aims to show that in‐class collaborative learning in the flipped classroom can not only be conceived as a collective activity consisting of discrete actions, but also as a systematic activity. From the activity‐theoretical perspective, contradictions were found between components of an activity such as subject, tools, rules, community, division of labor, object and outcome. This study conducted a pre‐experiment, selecting one lesson of the seventh‐grade Information Technology Course as the learning content, conducted in a flipped classroom. Three triads with different compositions were specifically observed by recording their interactions. More second‐level contradictions existed between subject and tools, and division of labor within the low‐level triad than within the other two triads, and more first‐level contradictions also occurred within the low‐level triad than within the other two triads. Most second‐level contradictions within the high‐level triad were resolved by self‐regulation of cognition. Instead, most second‐level contradictions within the mixed‐level triad were overcome by co‐regulation or shared regulation of cognition. This study sheds light on how to effectively design and implement flipped learning, and provides a new approach for analyzing interactions in the classroom.
Distinct patterns of naive, activated and memory T and B cells in blood of patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease
Authors: Rabe H , Malmquist M , Barkman C , Östman S , Gjertsson I , Saalman R , Wold A E 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBoth major subcategories of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are characterized by infiltration of the gut wall by inflammatory effector cells and elevated biomarkers of inflammation in blood and feces. We investigated the phenotypes of circulating lymphocytes in the two types of IBD in treatment-naive pediatric patients by analysis of blood samples by flow cytometry. Multivariate analysis was used to compare the phenotypes of the blood lymphocytes of children with ulcerative colitis (n = 17) or Crohn’s disease (n = 8) and non-IBD control children with gastrointestinal symptoms, but no signs of gut inflammation (n = 23). The two IBD subcategories could be distinguished based on the results from the flow cytometry panel. Ulcerative colitis was characterized by activated T cells, primarily in the CD8+ population, as judged by increased expression of human leukocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR) and the β1-integrins [very late antigen (VLA)] and a reduced proportion of naive (CD62L+) T cells, compared with the non-IBD controls. This T cell activation correlated positively with fecal and blood biomarkers of inflammation. In contrast, the patients with Crohn’s disease were characterized by a reduced proportion of B cells of the memory CD27+ phenotype compared to the non-IBD controls. Both the patients with ulcerative colitis and those with Crohn’s disease showed increased percentages of CD23+ B cells, which we demonstrate here as being naive B cells. The results support the notion that the two major forms of IBD may partially have different pathogenic mechanisms.
Impaired osseointegration of dental implants associated with orthognathic surgery: Possible regional acceleratory phenomenon
Authors: Kim Jin‐Woo , Kim Heon‐Young , Kim Seon‐Yeong , Kim Sun‐Jong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundRegional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) is demonstrated to decrease regional bone mineral density and accelerate bone turnover. Hypothesizing that RAP can negatively affect the osseointegration of biomaterials, this study aimed to investigate the possible influence of the RAP on dental implant osseointegration.Materials and MethodsOrthognathic surgery, one of the major surgeries on oral and maxillofacial region was set as intervention for RAP. Considering that RAP exerts its physiologic effects until 4 months after noxious stimuli, patients were classified according to the time interval between orthognathic surgery and dental implant installation; group I was designated to patients who had implant installation within 4 months from orthognathic surgery. Group II were those with installation after 4‐12 months and group III was longer than 12 months. Radiographic and clinical evaluations of dental implants including peri‐implant marginal bone changes (MBR), implant stability, cumulative survival rates were analyzed.ResultsA total of 54 patients with 106 implants (mean follow‐up of 72.6 months) were included in the study. MBR was significantly higher in group I (2.62 ± 0.91 mm) and II (2.25 ± 0.95 mm) compared to that of group III (0.94 ± 0.90 mm) at last follow up (P < 0.05) and this group difference over time was also significant (P < 0.001). Compared to group III, groups I and II exhibited lower ISQ values and higher biological complications including peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant gingivitis (P < 0.05). Group I showed significantly low‐cumulative survival rate (89.2%; implant‐level) compared to groups II and III.ConclusionsIn this study, impaired osseointegration of dental implants was demonstrated associated with orthognathic surgery. Micro‐environmental changes of hard tissue induced by major surgery on the jaw showed deteriorating effects on integrity of biomaterial osseointegration. Special considerations should be addressed for ideal treatment results and prognosis.