bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of periostin, sclerostin, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB, and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand genes in severe chronic periodontitis
Authors: Sankardas Pooja A. , Lavu Vamsi , Lakakula Bhaskar V. K. S. , Rao Suresh R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine and compare the expression profile of periostin (POSTN), sclerostin (SOST), receptor activator nuclear factor‐κB (RANK), and RANK ligand (RANKL) genes in gingival tissue samples collected from healthy gingiva (control) and severe chronic periodontitis sites.MethodsFifty systemically‐healthy individuals was enrolled in the present case‐control study. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from healthy gingiva (N = 25) and sites with severe chronic periodontitis (N = 25). Total RNA was isolated from all the tissues. cDNA conversion was then performed using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) program. Real‐time PCR and SYBR green method were used to determine the expression levels of SOST, POSTN, RANK, and RANKL genes.ResultsAn elevated expression (3.5‐4‐fold) of SOST, RANK, and RANKL genes, with a concomitant reduced expression of the POSTN gene, was identified in severe chronic periodontitis. The intergroup difference between the mean delta cyclic threshold values showed statistical significance at P<.001.ConclusionsThe expression profile of SOST, RANK, RANKL, and POSTN genes observed in gingival tissue samples from sites with severe chronic periodontitis and healthy gingiva suggests that the differential level of the gene expression could serve as an indicator of periodontitis progression/severity.
Peer review of rural and tertiary Queensland paediatric diabetes services: A pilot project from the National Health Service
Authors: Wales Jerry , Yates Jason 
Published: October 2018

AimPeer review is one component of the improvement of diabetes care delivered by the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales. Queensland has a decentralised model of service provision with an established state diabetes network.MethodsThe NHS scheme was adapted for use in Australia, and seven trained reviewers were recruited to visit 14 ‘hub’ centres, which in turn covered 29 ‘spoke’ units delivering care to over 95% of all public patients <16 years old in the state. Details of control as measured by glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), the rate of presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the use of state guidance and staffing levels were recorded. Thirteen minimum standards of care were used as a basis for assessment. A report for the use of each inspected unit was produced at the end of the process.ResultsMost units had not previously collected outcome data; 45% of new cases presented with DKA. The centre mean HbA1c was 9.1%, and only 21% of patients achieved the Australian recommended level of <7.5%. Only three centres met some of the internationally recommended staffing levels. Only two centres provided transitional care to adult services. Of 13 NHS minimum standards of care, a mean of 5 were achieved (range 1–8), a mean of 4.6 partially achieved (range 3–6) and a mean of 3.9 not achieved (range 0–9). The care for 68 patients with type 2 diabetes was particularly poor.ConclusionsPaediatric diabetes care in Queensland is suboptimal. Recommended remedial actions are suggested that may be applicable to other states.
Body size determines soil community assembly in a tropical forest
Authors: Zinger Lucie , Taberlet Pierre , Schimann Heidy , Bonin Aurélie , Boyer Frédéric , De Barba Marta , Gaucher Philippe , Gielly Ludovic , Giguet‐Covex Charline , Iribar Amaia , Réjou‐Méchain Maxime , Rayé Gilles , Rioux Delphine , Schilling Vincent , Tymen Blaise , Viers Jérôme , Zouiten Cyril , Thuiller Wilfried , Coissac Eric , Chave Jérôme 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTropical forests shelter an unparalleled biological diversity. The relative influence of environmental selection (i.e., abiotic conditions, biotic interactions) and stochastic–distance‐dependent neutral processes (i.e., demography, dispersal) in shaping communities has been extensively studied for various organisms, but has rarely been explored across a large range of body sizes, in particular in soil environments. We built a detailed census of the whole soil biota in a 12‐ha tropical forest plot using soil DNA metabarcoding. We show that the distribution of 19 taxonomic groups (ranging from microbes to mesofauna) is primarily stochastic, suggesting that neutral processes are prominent drivers of the assembly of these communities at this scale. We also identify aluminium, topography and plant species identity as weak, yet significant drivers of soil richness and community composition of bacteria, protists and to a lesser extent fungi. Finally, we show that body size, which determines the scale at which an organism perceives its environment, predicted the community assembly across taxonomic groups, with soil mesofauna assemblages being more stochastic than microbial ones. These results suggest that the relative contribution of neutral processes and environmental selection to community assembly directly depends on body size. Body size is hence an important determinant of community assembly rules at the scale of the ecological community in tropical soils and should be accounted for in spatial models of tropical soil food webs.
The Trouble with Harrod: The fundamental instability of the warranted rate in the light of the Sraffian Supermultiplier
Authors: Serrano Franklin , Freitas Fabio , Bhering Gustavo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe paper argues that Harrodian instability is an instance of what Hicks in his book Capital and Growth (1965) called static instability, related to the direction (and not to the intensity) of the disequilibrium adjustment process. We show why such instability obtains in demand‐led growth models in which the ratio of capacity creating private investment to output ratio is given exogenously by the aggregate marginal propensity to save. We also show that Sraffian Supermultiplier model overcomes the Harrodian instability and that its demand‐led equilibrium is statically stable. It is explained that the latter results do not follow from the presence of autonomous non‐capacity creating expenditure component as such but from its presence within a model in which investment is driven by the capital stock adjustment principle (i.e., the flexible accelerator). Finally, we argue that, although being statically stable, the equilibrium growth path of the Sraffian Supermultiplier model can be dynamically stable or unstable depending on the intensity of the reaction of investment to demand. We then provide a discrete time sufficient condition for the dynamic stability of such equilibrium that implies that the marginal propensity to invest remains lower than the marginal propensity to save during the adjustment process, a modified Keynesian stability condition.
Performance of blow‐by methods in delivering oxygen to pediatric patients during transport: A laboratory study
Authors: Barends Clemens R. M. , Yavuz Pembegul , Molenbuur Bouwe , Absalom Anthony R. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundProviding supplemental oxygen with a blow‐by method is used to provide additional oxygen to patients who will not tolerate an oxygen delivery device in direct contact with their face. Blow‐by methods are often improvised from parts of standard equipment. The performance is very dependent on the distance to the face and the direction of the gas flow. Blow‐by methods are used by anesthetists during transport but their performance in delivering supplemental oxygen has only been tested in static situations. The aim of this nonclinical study was to determine the performance of different blow‐by methods in the delivery of additional oxygen to pediatric patients during transport.MethodsA manikin of a child with a facemask of appropriate size was transported along a 60 m corridor from the operating theater to the PACU. Oxygen delivery to the face of the manikin was measured during transport. Six blow‐by methods were tested with oxygen flows of 3, 6, and 10 L/min and with the facemask at 0 cm from the face and at 5 cm from the face. The outcome parameter was: blow‐by method reaching and maintaining an FiO2 >50% during transport from the pediatric operating theater to the PACU.ResultsAt 0 cm from the face, five out of six blow‐by methods maintained a FiO2 >50% with all three flow rates. At 5 cm only two of the blow‐by methods were able to maintain an FiO2 >50% and this only at flow rates of 10 L/min. All other blow‐by methods provided lower FiO2s; in three, the FiO2 decreased to values only marginally above 21%. The decrease in FiO2 typically started within 6‐12 m from the start of the transport.ConclusionIt is concluded that the ability of blow‐by methods to deliver a FiO2 >50% depends on the method used and distance from the face.
A retrospective observational study of acquired subglottic stenosis using low‐pressure, high‐volume cuffed endotracheal tubes
Authors: Greaney David , Russell John , Dawkins Ian , Healy Martina 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIntroductionThe safety of cuffed endotracheal tubes in the neonatal and critically ill pediatric population continues to be questioned due to the theoretical risk of acquired subglottic stenosis. The incidence of acquired subglottic stenosis in the high‐risk mixed surgical and medical critically ill pediatric cohort using high‐volume, low‐pressure cuffed endotracheal tube policy has not yet been described. The aim of our study was to describe and evaluate the use and complication rate of cuffed ETT's in our unit over a 5‐year period.MethodsWe defined clinically significant subglottic stenosis as a positive stenotic finding of endotracheal tube‐related pathology on a microlaryngoscopy within 6 months of invasive ventilation. All patients admitted through our pediatric critical care unit from January 10, 2012 to January 25, 2017 were matched against our theater management system database for the same period. We reviewed all matching patients’ baseline demographics, comorbidities, intubation/endotracheal tube history, and subsequent surgical management.ResultsOf 5309 pediatric critical care unit admissions (61% ventilated) and 1251 microlaryngoscopies, 23 children had endoscopic findings of clinically significant endotracheal tube‐related pathology, reflecting 0.68% of all intubated patients. Eight patients developed acquired subglottic stenosis. All those requiring major surgical correction were ex‐premature neonates initially intubated with uncuffed tubes in an external neonatal intensive care. No patient initially intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube developed subglottic stenosis requiring surgical correction.ConclusionWe report no single case of acquired subglottic stenosis in our cohort that required major surgical correction from a cuffed endotracheal tube during a 5‐year period. The introduction of a policy of appropriate placement and maintenance of low‐pressure, high‐volume cuffed endotracheal tubes in the pediatric critical care unit was not associated with an increased rate of endotracheal tube‐related subglottic trauma.
The light‐induced transcription factor FtMYB116 promotes accumulation of rutin in Fagopyrum tataricum
Authors: Zhang Dong , Jiang Chunli , Huang Chenhao , Wen Dong , Lu Jiangnan , Chen Sha , Zhang Tianyuan , Shi Yuhua , Xue Jianping , Ma Wei , Xiang Li , Sun Wei , Chen Shilin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) not only provides a supplement to primary grain crops in China but also has high medicinal value, by virtue of its rich content of flavonoids possessing antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Light is an important environmental factor that can regulate the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, we treated tartary buckwheat seedlings with different wavelengths of light and found that red and blue light could increase the content of flavonoids and the expression of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis pathways. Through coexpression analysis, we identified a new MYB transcription factor (FtMYB116) that can be induced by red and blue light. Yeast one‐hybrid assays and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that FtMYB116 binds directly to the promoter region of flavonoid‐3′‐hydroxylase (F3'H), and a transient luciferase activity assay indicated that FtMYB116 can induce F3'H expression. After transforming FtMYB116 into the hairy roots of tartary buckwheat, we observed significant increases in the content of rutin and quercetin. Collectively, our results indicate that red and blue light promote an increase in flavonoid content in tartary buckwheat seedlings; we also identified a new MYB transcription factor, FtMYB116, that promotes the accumulation of rutin via direct activation of F3′H expression.
BSD2 is a Rubisco‐specific assembly chaperone, forms intermediary hetero‐oligomeric complexes, and is nonlimiting to growth in tobacco
Authors: Conlan Brendon , Birch Rosemary , Kelso Celine , Holland Sophie , De Souza Amanda P. , Long Stephen P. , Beck Jennifer L. , Whitney Spencer M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe folding and assembly of Rubisco large and small subunits into L8S8 holoenzyme in chloroplasts involves many auxiliary factors, including the chaperone BSD2. Here we identify apparent intermediary Rubisco‐BSD2 assembly complexes in the model C3 plant tobacco. We show BSD2 and Rubisco content decrease in tandem with leaf age with approximately half of the BSD2 in young leaves (~70 nmol BSD2 protomer.m2) stably integrated in putative intermediary Rubisco complexes that account for <0.2% of the L8S8 pool. RNAi‐silencing BSD2 production in transplastomic tobacco producing bacterial L2 Rubisco had no effect on leaf photosynthesis, cell ultrastructure, or plant growth. Genetic crossing the same RNAi‐bsd2 alleles into wild‐type tobacco however impaired L8S8 Rubisco production and plant growth, indicating the only critical function of BSD2 is in Rubisco biogenesis. Agrobacterium mediated transient expression of tobacco, Arabidopsis, or maize BSD2 reinstated Rubisco biogenesis in BSD2‐silenced tobacco. Overexpressing BSD2 in tobacco chloroplasts however did not alter Rubisco content, activation status, leaf photosynthesis rate, or plant growth in the field or in the glasshouse at 20°C or 35°C. Our findings indicate BSD2 functions exclusively in Rubisco biogenesis, can efficiently facilitate heterologous plant Rubisco assembly, and is produced in amounts nonlimiting to tobacco growth.
Adverse reaction reports of neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by atypical antipsychotic agents in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database
Authors: Anzai Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Kunihiko , Watanabe Michiko 
Published: October 2018

AimThis study evaluates reports on neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) as an adverse event associated with the use of atypical antipsychotic agents (AAA) in Japan. We examined NMS occurrence following monotherapy and combination therapy with AAA in real clinical practice using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.MethodsAdverse drug reaction reports associated with the use of one or more AAA or haloperidol were analyzed. The odds ratios of NMS occurrence after monotherapy and combination therapy with AAA without typical antipsychotic agents (TAA) relative to those after haloperidol monotherapy were estimated using multiple logistic regression.ResultsAssociated with the use of one or more AAA without TAA were 721 events of NMS in 11 071 cases. NMS occurrence after monotherapy with most AAA and their combinations had lower odds ratios than that after haloperidol use. However, the odds ratios after blonanserin monotherapy and combination therapies with quetiapine and zotepine, and risperidone and zotepine were estimated higher than 1.ConclusionMonotherapy or combination therapy with most AAA without TAA was not likely to cause NMS as an adverse reaction compared to haloperidol monotherapy. However, blonanserin monotherapy and combination therapies with quetiapine and zotepine, and risperidone and zotepine, possibly increase the report of NMS. Our results may provide useful information for medications such as AAA that are clinically used to treat mental disorders, though further research with more data are needed to clarify this.
Effect of culture medium on the growth of microscopic algae (Chlorophyceae) biomass showing biosorption potential: A case study Pseudopediastrum boryanum
Authors: Sutkowy Małgorzata , Lenarczyk Joanna , Kłosowski Grzegorz 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYThe present results are the effect of bioprospecting of an appropriate medium, which could optimize the quality and quantity of the microalga Pseudopiediastrum boryanum var. longicorne Reinsch biomass cultured in a laboratory photobioreactor for biosorption purposes. Four liquid media commonly used for cultivation of green algae of the genus Pediastrum were compared, including Knop's, Waris‐H, Chu's and L‐S2T2 media, which differed with respect to the composition and concentration of nutrients. A number of the parameters characterizing biomass growth, namely dry weight, optical density, chlorophyll a concentration, as well as morphological parameters characterizing the condition of the alga and its surface area indicating the potential sorption capacity (population structure, cell number, coenobium size and marginal cell size), showed a significant impact of culture medium on the growth of the microalga. The most productive culture was found in the L‐S2T2 medium containing organic substances in the form of peat and soil extracts, which could be crucial for biomass production and the area of potential sorption capacity.
Non‐uniqueness and symmetry in stratigraphic interpretations: A quantitative approach for determining stratal controls
Authors: Xiao Jie , Waltham Dave 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDifferent combinations of stratal controls could produce identical sequence architectures. Consequently, interpretations of the stratigraphic record, for example to infer palaeo‐climate and eustatic sea‐level history, suffer from non‐uniqueness. However, variations in the multiple controls can be encapsulated through discovery of all possible solutions to an interpretation. As this paper demonstrates, a single solution can be directly transformed into an alternative solution that leaves the expected geological outcomes unaltered, which can be regarded as the existence of symmetry in the interpretation. Repetitive application of the symmetry method can therefore allow additional solutions to be rapidly derived given an existing solution. The proposed method has been adapted to a stratigraphic forward model for interpreting the Baltimore Canyon (USA) stratigraphy. Modelling results have indicated the ranges of changes in relative sea‐level, sediment supply and subaerial erosion from Oligocene to Mid‐Miocene. Using these limits, it is possible to determine what appears to be true in the palaeo‐history, even when a solution is not unique.
Aerobic fitness thresholds to define poor cardiometabolic health in children and youth
Authors: Aadland Eivind , Anderssen Sigmund Alfred , Andersen Lars Bo , Resaland Geir Kåre , Kolle Elin , Steene‐Johannessen Jostein 
Published: October 2018

Aerobic fitness is an apparent candidate for screening children and youth for poor cardiometabolic health and future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, age‐ and sex‐specific cut points for children and youth determined using a maximal protocol and directly measured peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) does not exist. We used a nationally representative sample of 1462 Norwegian children and youth (788 boys and 674 girls aged 8.7‐10.4 years and 14.7‐16.7 years) who in 2005‐2006 performed a maximal cycle ergometer test with direct measurement of VO2peak, along with measurement of several other risk factors for CVD (systolic blood pressure, waist circumference:height ratio, total:high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance). Based on the proportion of children having clustering (least favorable quartile) of 6 (1.6%), ≥5 (5.2%), and ≥4 (10.6%) CVD risk factors, we established the 2nd, 5th, and 10th percentile cut points for VO2peak (mL/kg/min) for children and youth aged 8‐18 years. Classification accuracy was determined using the Kappa coefficient (k), sensitivity, and specificity. For boys, the 2nd, 5th, and 10th percentile VO2peak cut points were 33.6‐36.4, 36.3‐39.8, and 38.7‐43.0 mL/kg/min, respectively. For girls, the corresponding cut points were 29.7‐29.1, 32.4‐31.4, and 34.8‐33.5 mL/kg/min Together with BMI, but without more invasive measures of traditional risk factors for CVD, these cut points can be used to screen schoolchildren for poor cardiometabolic health with moderate discriminating ability (k ≤ 0.53).
Cis‐regulated alternative splicing divergence and its potential contribution to environmental responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Xuncheng , Yang Mei , Ren Diqiu , Terzaghi William , Deng Xing‐Wang , He Guangming 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAlternative splicing (AS) plays key roles in plant development and the responses of plants to environmental changes. However, the mechanisms underlying AS divergence (differential expression of transcript isoforms resulting from AS) in plant accessions and its contribution to responses to environmental stimuli remain unclear. In this study, we investigated genome‐wide variation of AS in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Col‐0, Bur‐0, C24, Kro‐0 and Ler‐1, as well as their F1 hybrids, and characterized the regulatory mechanisms for AS divergence by RNA sequencing. We found that most of the divergent AS events in Arabidopsis accessions were cis‐regulated by sequence variation, including those in core splice site and splicing motifs. Many genes that differed in AS between Col‐0 and Bur‐0 were involved in stimulus responses. Further genome‐wide association analyses of 22 environmental variables showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms influencing known splice site strength were also associated with environmental stress responses. These results demonstrate that cis‐variation in genomic sequences among Arabidopsis accessions was the dominant contributor to AS divergence, and it may contribute to differences in environmental responses among Arabidopsis accessions.