bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance of molecular subgrouping of gliomatosis cerebri per 2016 WHO classification: a clinicopathological study of 89 cases
Authors: Kwon Mi Jung , Kang So Young , Cho Haeyon , Lee Jung Il , Kim Sung Tae , Suh Yeon‐Lim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe extremely invasive phenotypes and genotypes related to progression of gliomatosis cerebri (GC) remain unclear although GC has been removed as an independent entity from the 2016 WHO classification. Hence, categorization of GC under the current WHO molecular classification is essential, and the molecular subgroups that might contribute to GC progression should be compared with the histopathological differences between initial and new lesions identified during follow‐up. Analyses of IDH1/2 and TERTp mutations and 1p/19q co‐deletion, and immunohistochemistry of IDH1‐R132H, ATRX, p53 and galectin‐3 were performed. Anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH‐wildtype (AA‐IDHwt) was the common molecular subgroup (52.8%), followed by diffuse astrocytoma, IDH‐wildtype (DA‐IDHwt) and AA, IDH‐mutant (AA‐IDHmt) (each 16.9%), DA‐IDHmt (7.9%), glioblastoma (GBM)‐IDHwt (3.3%) and GBM‐IDHmt (2.2%). Approximately 92% of the AA‐IDHwt lesions progressed to histologically confirmed GBM in the newly enhanced lesions harboring the TERTp mutation and expressing galectin‐3. Similar to primary GBMs, GC‐related GBMs that progressed from the IDHwt subgroups showed microvascular proliferation, palisading necrosis or thrombotic occlusion, implying that a subset of IDHwt subgroups may evolve to overt GBM. Molecular subgrouping did not provide the perfect prediction for the survival of GC patients. The AA‐IDHwt group showed worse overall and progression‐free survival (PFS) than the AA‐IDHmt group. Biopsy plus radiotherapy, chemotherapy and temozolomide treatment for DA‐IDHwt, and resection plus radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment for AA‐IDHwt prolonged PFS. In conclusions, majority of GC was of the AA‐IDHwt subgroup, which progressed to GBM. Molecular subgroups may assist in the selection of treatment modalities, because “GC pattern” still remains as a special growth of gliomas in WHO 2016 classification without established treatment guideline.
Osteopontin attenuates early brain injury through regulating autophagy‐apoptosis interaction after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Sun Cheng‐Mei , Enkhjargal Budbazar , Reis Cesar , Zhou Ke‐Ren , Xie Zhi‐Yi , Wu Ling‐Yun , Zhang Tong‐Yu , Zhu Qi‐Quan , Tang Ji‐Ping , Jiang Xiao‐Dan , Zhang John H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the effect of osteopontin (OPN) on autophagy and autophagy‐apoptosis interactions after SAH.MethodsThe endovascular perforation model of SAH or sham surgery was performed in a total of 86 Sprague‐Dawley male rats. The temporal expressions of endogenous OPN and autophagy‐related proteins (Beclin 1, ATG5, LC3 II to I ratio) were measured in sham and SAH rats at different time points (3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours). Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, SAH + Vehicle (PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline), and SAH + rOPN (5 μg/rat recombinant OPN). Neurobehavioral tests were performed 24 hours after SAH, followed by the collection of brain samples for assessment of autophagy and apoptosis proteins. These tests assessed whether an autophagy‐apoptosis relationship existed on the histological level in the brain.ResultsEndogenous OPN and autophagy‐related proteins all increased after SAH. rOPN administration improved neurological dysfunction, increased the expression of autophagy‐related proteins (Beclin 1, ATG5, LC3 II to I ratio) and antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2, while decreasing the expression of proapoptotic proteins (cleaved Caspase‐3 and Bax). rOPN also regulated autophagy‐apoptosis interactions 24 hours after SAH.ConclusionrOPN attenuates early brain injury and inhibits neuronal apoptosis by activating autophagy and regulating autophagy‐apoptosis interactions.
Predictive factors for COPD exacerbations and mortality in patients with overlap syndrome
Authors: Jaoude Philippe , El‐Solh Ali A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)—overlap syndrome—have a substantially greater risk of morbidity and mortality, compared to those with either COPD or OSA alone.ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to identify clinical modifiable factors associated with COPD exacerbations and all‐cause mortality in patients with overlap syndrome.MethodsThe electronic records of patients with simultaneous COPD and OSA who had a documented acute exacerbation of COPD during a 42‐month period were evaluated for reviewed. A control group of overlap syndrome patients without exacerbations was matched 1:1 for age and body mass index. Vital status and cause of death were assessed through the population death registry.ResultsOut of 225 eligible cases, 92 patients had at least one episode of COPD exacerbation. There was no significant association between severity of airflow limitation and apnoea hypopnea index (P = .31). After adjusting for confounding variables, patients who had at least one COPD exacerbation were more likely to be active smokers (P = .01), have poorer lung function (P = .001) and less likely to adhere to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use (P = .03). All‐cause mortality was also correlated with low forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P = .006), CPAP use (P = .007), and burden of comorbidities (P < .001).ConclusionLung function and CPAP use were independent predictors of COPD exacerbations and all‐cause mortality in a cohort of patients with overlap syndrome. These factors should be taken into account when considering the management and prognosis of these patients.
Effect of Repeated Intravenous Amantadine Infusions in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: An Open‐Label Pilot Study
Authors: Khlebtovsky Alexander , Steiner Israel , Treves Therese , Djaldetti Ruth 
Published: August 2019

Amantadine is an antiviral drug available in oral and intravenous forms. Oral amantadine is used to treat the motor symptoms of early Parkinson's disease (PD) and to ameliorate dyskinesia in late‐stage disease. However, the long‐term influence of intravenous amantadine on motor symptoms and dyskinesias in PD has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the long‐term effect of repeated boosts of intravenous amantadine in patients with PD with and without response fluctuations and dyskinesias. Twelve patients diagnosed with PD, six with levodopa intolerance or insufficient response to antiparkinson medications, and six with response fluctuations and dyskinesias, were treated with intravenous amantadine for 6 months: three sequential infusions over 3 days in the first month followed by five once‐monthly infusions. Changes in motor function and involuntary movements were evaluated with the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS; dyskinesia group). A significant immediate improvement in motor scores was documented in both groups after amantadine infusion. However, the difference in mean UPDRS motor score from before the first infusion to after 6 months of treatment was not statistically significant. In patients with dyskinesias, there was a significant improvement in AIMS scores between the first and the last visits (6.3 ± 2.7 vs. 1.6 ± 1.3; P = 0.014). In conclusion, continuous treatment with intravenous amantadine can be useful in patients with PD for immediate relief of motor symptoms and in patients with dyskinesias for progressive reduction of involuntary movements.
Rund‐ oder Flachstrickversorgung in der Erhaltungstherapie beim Beinlymphödem? – Übersicht von Literatur und technischen Daten
Authors: Reich‐Schupke Stefanie , Stücker Markus 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungBisher gibt es keine Studien, die einen Vergleich von Rund‐ und Flachstrickversorgung in der Erhaltungstherapie bei Patienten mit Beinödemen vorgenommen haben. Entsprechend Expertenkonsens wird in der Literatur eine Flachstrickversorgung in der Erhaltungstherapie von Lymphödemen empfohlen. In Zusammenschau der Unterschiedlichkeit des klinischen Bildes eines Lymphödems in den verschiedenen Stadien und Lokalisationen, der Adhärenz der Patienten und nicht zuletzt auch der Wirtschaftlichkeit ist jedoch fraglich, ob tatsächlich alle Patienten mit einem Beinlymphödem eine Flachstrickversorgung brauchen.Unter Berücksichtigung technischer Aspekte, der aktuellen Literatur sowie eigener klinischer Erfahrungen scheint es sinnvoll, nicht eine diagnose‐ sondern befundorientierte Versorgung vorzunehmen. Erhebliche Umfangsdifferenzen im Beinverlauf, tiefe Hautfalten und Ödeme an den Zehen bzw. dem Vorfuß sind typische Indikationen für eine Versorgung mit Flachstrickmaterial. Es gibt jedoch auch Lymphödem‐Patienten, die auch mit einer Rundstrickversorgung mit hoher Materialfestigkeit gut versorgt sind. Essenziell ist jedoch in allen Fällen eine initiale suffiziente Entstauungstherapie mit Kompressionsverbänden und/oder adaptiven Kompressionssystemen.
Expert opinions in dermatology
Authors: Elsner Peter 
Published: August 2019

SummaryApart from their medical responsibilities relating to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin diseases, dermatologists may also be asked to provide expert medical opinions. In their role as medical experts, dermatologists provide their services not only to public institutions and courts but also to private clients. Expert dermatological opinions involve the application of medical knowledge and experience to an individual case as regards a specific legal question. The dermatological expert thus becomes an “assistant” to administrative and public agencies or courts. In addition to providing the required expert knowledge, the expert must maintain strict neutrality and avoid any bias.Expert opinions play a significant role in the field of occupational dermatology. In this context, it is important to make a distinction between scientific expert opinions – commissioned to determine whether the criteria for an occupational skin disease are met or to assess the degree of reduction in earning capacity – and the much more common “small expert opinions” relating to disease prevention (“dermatologist's procedure”). Moreover, expert medical opinions have become increasingly important with respect to medical malpractice issues, both in court proceedings and for investigations conducted by State Medical Chambers.For quality assurance of expert dermatological opinions, theWorking Group for Occupational and Environmental Dermatologyin particular offers certification courses. The same group also provides guidelines for expert opinions in occupational dermatology (Bamberg Recommendations).
The biological basis of the experience and categorization of colour
Authors: Zeki Semir , Javier Alexandre , Mylonas Dimitris 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe used the Land Colour Mondrian experiments in a Bayesian context to test the degree to which subjects vary in categorizing the colour of different patches, when each patch is made to reflect light of the identical wavelength‐energy composition. The brain uses a ratio‐taking mechanism to determine the ratio of light of every waveband reflected from a surface and from its surrounds. Our (Bayesian) hypothesis was that this ratio‐taking mechanism is similar in all humans and therefore leads to a constant categorization of colours that differs little between them. The similarly categorized colours are the initial priors, with initial hues attached to them. Twenty subjects of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, for all but one of whom English was not the primary language, viewed eight patches of different colour in two Mondrian displays; each patch, when viewed, was made to reflect identical ratios of long‐, middle‐ and short‐wave light. Subjects were asked to match the colour of the viewed patch with that of the Munsell chip coming closest in colour to that of the viewed patch, without using language. In terms of hue, there was less variability in matching warm hues than cool ones. In terms of colour categorization, there was little variability overall. We take the lack of significant variability between subjects in the matches made as a pointer to similar computational mechanisms being employed in different subjects to perceive colours, thus permitting them to assume that their categorization of colours has universal agreement and assent.
Biomass encounter rates limit the size scaling of feeding interactions
Authors: Barrios‐O’Neill Daniel , Kelly Ruth , Emmerson Mark C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe rate that consumers encounter resources in space necessarily limits the strength of feeding interactions that shape ecosystems. To explore the link between encounters and feeding, we first compiled the largest available dataset of interactions in the marine benthos by extracting data from published studies and generating new data. These data indicate that the size‐scaling of feeding interactions varies among consumer groups using different strategies (passive or active) to encounter different resource types (mobile or static), with filter feeders exhibiting the weakest feeding interactions. Next, we used these data to develop an agent‐based model of resource biomass encounter rates, underpinned by consumer encounter strategy and resource biomass density. Our model demonstrates that passive strategies for encountering small, dispersed resources limits biomass encounter rates, necessarily limiting the strength of feeding interactions. Our model is based on generalisable assumptions, providing a framework to assess encounter‐based drivers of consumption and coexistence across systems.
Serum neurofilament light chain at time of diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor of survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Thouvenot E. , Demattei C. , Lehmann S. , Maceski‐Maleska A. , Hirtz C. , Juntas‐Morales R. , Pageot N. , Esselin F. , Alphandéry S. , Vincent T. , Camu W. 
Published: August 2019

Background and purposeThe prognostic value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), a biomarker of neurodegeneration, compared to other prognostic factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the time of diagnosis, remains unclear.MethodsSera from ALS patients were prospectively collected at the first diagnostic visit in our centre. sNfL levels were determined by single molecule array in 207 ALS patients and in 21 healthy controls. The prognostic value of sNfL was compared with that of other known clinical prognostic factors using a Cox regression model and multivariate analysis.ResultsSerum neurofilament light chain levels were higher in ALS patients than in controls (P < 0.0001). Seven parameters were predictive of death in ALS: older age, bulbar onset, higher ALS Functional Rating Scale revised (ALSFRS‐R) score, greater weight loss, lower maximal inspiratory pressure, forced vital capacity and higher sNfL levels. A Cox regression model showed that sNfL (P < 0.0001), weight loss (P = 0.040) and site at onset (P = 0.048) were independent predictive factors of death. In a sub‐cohort restricted to 139 patients with complete spirometry data, sNfL level (P < 0.005) and forced vital capacity (P = 0.022) were independent factors predictive of death. In a subgroup of 142 patients in whom ALSFRS‐R score was available at several time points, sNfL levels positively correlated with ALSFRS‐R rate of decline (r = 0.571, P < 10−12).ConclusionsHigher sNfL concentration is a strong and independent prognostic factor of death in ALS as early as the time of diagnosis.
Tenoscopic resection of the manica flexoria in 21 horses using a two‐portal unilateral technique
Authors: Diekstall M. , Rijkenhuizen A. B. M. , Gudehus T. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryTears of the manica flexoria are a well‐known cause of lameness in horses, and endoscopic resection using a 3‐ or 4‐portal approach has a good success rate. This article describes the feasibility of a two‐portal technique to resect the manica flexoria based on cadavers and a prospective clinical study. This technique is less invasive regarding the number of portals, allows more precise instrument handling as all sharp instruments used to transect the manica flexoria are always under visualisation and has reduced ergonomic risks for the surgeon compared with the multiple portal approaches. Fifteen of the 21 (71%) operated horses returned to pre‐injury level, comparable to the results obtained with previous techniques.
A synthetic glycerol assimilation pathway demonstrates biochemical constraints of cellular metabolism
Authors: Lindner Steffen N. , Aslan Selçuk , Müller Alexandra , Hoffart Eugenia , Behrens Patrick , Edlich‐Muth Christian , Blombach Bastian , Bar‐Even Arren 
Published: August 2019

The engineering of synthetic metabolic routes can provide valuable lessons on the roles of different biochemical constraints in shaping pathway activity. In this study, we designed and engineered a novel glycerol assimilation pathway in Escherichia coli. While the synthetic pathway was based only on well‐characterized endogenous reactions, we were not able to establish robust growth using standard concentrations of glycerol. Long‐term evolution failed to improve growth via the pathway, indicating that this limitation was not regulatory but rather relates to fundamental aspects of cellular metabolism. We show that the activity of the synthetic pathway is fully controlled by three key physicochemical constraints: thermodynamics, kinetics and metabolite toxicity. Overcoming a thermodynamic barrier at the beginning of the pathway requires high glycerol concentrations. A kinetic barrier leads to a Monod‐like growth dependency on substrate concentration, but with a very high substrate saturation constant. Finally, the flat thermodynamic profile of the pathway enforces a pseudoequilibrium between glycerol and the reactive intermediate dihydroxyacetone, which inhibits growth when the feedstock concentration surpasses 1000 mm. Overall, this study serves to demonstrate the use of synthetic biology to elucidate key design principles of cellular metabolism.
Surprising lack of sensitivity of biochemical limitation of photosynthesis of nine tree species to open‐air experimental warming and reduced rainfall in a southern boreal forest
Authors: Stefanski Artur , Bermudez Raimundo , Sendall Kerrie M. , Montgomery Rebecca A. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhotosynthetic biochemical limitation parameters (i.e., Vcmax, Jmax and Jmax:Vcmax ratio) are sensitive to temperature and water availability, but whether these parameters in cold climate species at biome ecotones are positively or negatively influenced by projected changes in global temperature and water availability remains uncertain. Prior exploration of this question has largely involved greenhouse based short‐term manipulative studies with mixed results in terms of direction and magnitude of responses. To address this question in a more realistic context, we examined the effects of increased temperature and rainfall reduction on the biochemical limitations of photosynthesis using a long‐term chamber‐less manipulative experiment located in northern Minnesota, USA. Nine tree species from the boreal‐temperate ecotone were grown in natural neighborhoods under ambient and elevated (+3.4°C) growing season temperatures and ambient or reduced (≈40% of rainfall removed) summer rainfall. Apparent rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration standardized to 25°C (Vcmax25°C and Jmax25°C, respectively) were estimated based on ACi curves measured in situ over three growing seasons. Our primary objective was to test whether species would downregulate Vcmax25°C and Jmax25°C in response to warming and reduced rainfall, with such responses expected to be greatest in species with the coldest and most humid native ranges, respectively. These hypotheses were not supported, as there were no overall main treatment effects on Vcmax25°C or Jmax25°C (p > .14). However, Jmax:Vcmax ratio decreased significantly with warming (p = .0178), whereas interactions between warming and rainfall reduction on the Jmax25°C to Vcmax25°C ratio were not significant. The insensitivity of photosynthetic parameters to warming contrasts with many prior studies done under larger temperature differentials and often fixed daytime temperatures. In sum, plants growing in relatively realistic conditions under naturally varying temperatures and soil moisture levels were remarkably insensitive in terms of their Jmax25°C and Vcmax25°C when grown at elevated temperatures, reduced rainfall, or both combined.
Age‐associated proteomic alterations in human aortic media
Authors: Miura Yuri , Tsumoto Hiroki , Iwamoto Machiko , Yamaguchi Yuya , Ko Pojui , Soejima Yurie , Yoshida Shoko , Toda Tosifusa , Arai Tomio , Hamamatsu Akihiko , Endo Tamao , Sawabe Motoji 
Published: August 2019

AimHuman vascular senescence, which mainly occurs in media, is not completely understood. Here, we used proteomic approaches to investigate age‐associated changes in human aortic media with the goal of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular senescence.MethodCryopreserved autopsy samples of aortic media from older‐aged (aged 70–100 years, n = 25), middle‐aged (aged 49–68 years, n = 24), and young (aged 21–39 years, n = 12) subjects were collected. We used two proteomic techniques, two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, and we subjected differentially‐expressed proteins among age groups to immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsProteomic analyses showed that the expression of lactadherin, which produces medin, was elevated in aortic media of older‐aged individuals. Immunohistochemical and Congo red staining showed that lactadherin and apolipoprotein E were deposited, and that amyloidosis was enhanced in older‐aged aortic media. Furthermore, the markers of oxidative damage (8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal) were significantly elevated in aortic media of middle‐aged or older‐aged individuals. The immunohistochemical expression of anti‐oxidant proteins (thioredoxin and extracellular superoxide dismutase) was also high in middle‐aged and older‐aged groups. Oxidative damage might induce the disruption of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the decrement of α‐actin, a highly‐expressed protein in smooth muscle cells, and matrix remodeling, in which several proteins associated with extracellular matrix were altered with aging.ConclusionsProteomic approaches showed that the elevated expression of lactadherin might contribute to amyloid deposition, enhancement of oxidative stress, induction of antioxidant proteins and matrix remodeling in older‐aged aortic media. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1054–1062.
First‐generation migrants become grandparents: how migration backgrounds affect intergenerational relationships
Authors: RAMOS ANNE CAROLINA , MARTINS HEIDI RODRIGUES 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFirst‐generation migrants are not only reaching the age of retirement, but they are also becoming grandparents in the host society. Through the specific case of Portuguese migrants in Luxembourg, we look at what point their migration background becomes important to their intergenerational relationships. We have acquired the data for this article from biographical narrative interviews with ten older first‐generation grandparents and ten second‐generation parents. On the basis of these findings, we address three important aspects of intergenerational relations: (i) how first‐generation migrants socialize their grandchildren, (ii) grandparental mobility patterns and their embeddedness in practices of socialization and care, and (iii) the challenges produced by language in intergenerational relationships.