bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Cyclic Performance Between Grade 11 and Grade 22 Plate With Application to Coke Drum Bulging
Authors: Dewees Dave 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Measured cyclic material properties (cyclic stress-strain, fatigue initiation and fatigue crack growth) are collected from the open literature for 2¼Cr-1Mo (Grade 22) and 1¼Cr-½Mo (Grade 11) plate and compared. Basic fatigue resistance (initiation plus growth) is evaluated, as well as cyclic plastic material models for assessing the role of stress and strain evolution for a theoretical coke drum thermal quench event. Transient 3D solid finite element analysis is leveraged to investigate the role of initial plate strength and well as cyclic hardening and softening and conclusions on material performance for bulging and cracking are offered. Cyclic softening is tuned to the experimental stress vs. cycle data from a standard constant strain amplitude fatigue test. A representative (although bounding) thermal cycle is analyzed where an 800°F–300°F (427°C–149°C) temperature differential is suddenly imposed over a given spot on the coke drum inside surface and held until thermal steady state is reached. Even though both plate materials eventually reach similar stabilized cyclic properties after repeated loading and unloading, the initial strength of the materials plays a crucial role in determining their behavior, particularly in terms of bulging. Despite the fact that higher strength materials tend to soften more before reaching stabilized cyclic behavior, it’s found that Grade 22 material, with its stronger starting strength, is predicted to bulge significantly less than weaker starting materials. This highlights the importance of considering not only the stabilized cyclic properties but also the initial strength when assessing the behavior of these materials.
On Structural Integrity Assessment of Conveyor Tube for Ice Plug Formation in the Fuel Receiving Bay
Authors: Ghafouri-Azar Reza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One common approach to stop the flow and isolate the piping system in pressure retaining systems for maintenance activities is to freeze the fluid in the flow path connections, which is called ice plugging. This process entails challenges in the structural integrity of surrounding pressure boundary to the frozen flow due to exposure of the system to the environment with a significantly lower than normal temperatures, and temperature gradients.
In this paper the structural integrity of spent fuel conveyor system in CANDU nuclear power plants is reviewed when exposed to the cryogenic process using the requirements of ASME Section III, Div. 1 [1] as well as the allowable flaw size for fracture mechanics requirements.
The conveyor tube geometry is not circular and consists of welded square sections. Since the cross-section is non-circular, the thermal contraction may create an uneven stress. An elastic Finite Element (FE) solid model is constructed for half of tube geometry using Abaqus[2]. Due to symmetrical feature of tube, a half-length of the ice-plug jacket is modeled. In the FE model, a refined mesh is created in the end of model area where the ice plug jacket wraps around the conveyor tube.
A combined thermal/structural transient analysis is performed to study thermal stresses build-up in critical locations. The acceptance criteria defined in NB-3000 of ASME Section III, Div. 1 1] is employed to qualify the result of assessment. It is concluded the system satisfies the acceptance criteria.
The other aspect that needs special attention is the brittle failure at cryogenic temperature. The methodology for calculating the allowable flaw size for surfaces expose to significant low temperature to avoid fracture failure is explained which can be used for an inspection of surface before the application of ice-plug.
Promoting Positive Mental Health in Portuguese and Brazilian Youth Sport: The Roles and Responsibilities of Policymakers, Coaches, and Coach Developers
Authors: Santos Fernando , Newman Tarkington J. , Vella Stewart , Camiré Martin , Rathwell Scott , Strachan Leisha , MacDonald Dany J. , Pierce Scott , Ferreira Marta , Milistetd Michel 
Published: November 2024

Mental health is positioned as a key outcome of organised youth sport participation and is a public health priority around the world. However, discussions on the priority of and intersection between mental health and youth sport are just beginning in some countries. Portugal and Brazil have made efforts to reflect on the current state of sport and have considered initiatives targeting mental health promotion. Therefore, the purpose of the current paper is to advocate for policymakers, coaches, and coach developers to deploy efforts to promote and protect the mental health of youth athletes and expand on possible ways to achieve this. Portugal and Brazil are used as cases to discuss the processes and strategies needed for promoting mental health. These countries were chosen because they share many sociocultural similarities and have few provisions in place for promoting mental health in youth sport. This manuscript is intended to serve as an instigator for creating awareness among decision makers (e.g., policymakers and coach developers), in both countries and across their sport systems, about the relevance of promoting mental health in youth sport. Potential challenges to promoting and protecting mental health are discussed, and practical implications for coaching and coach education are offered.
Inside the Atacama Desert: uncovering the living microbiome of an extreme environment
Authors: Bartholomäus Alexander , Genderjahn Steffi , Mangelsdorf Kai , Schneider Beate , Zamorano Pedro , Kounaves Samuel P. , Schulze-Makuch Dirk , Wagner Dirk 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The Atacama Desert in Chile is one of the driest and most inhospitable places on Earth. To analyze the diversity and distribution of microbial communities in such an environment, one of the most important and challenging steps is DNA extraction. Using commercial environmental DNA extraction protocols, a mixture of living, dormant, and dead cells of microorganisms is extracted, but separation of the different DNA pools is almost impossible. To overcome this problem, we applied a novel method on soils across a west–east moisture transect in the Atacama Desert to distinguish between extracellular DNA (eDNA) and intracellular DNA (iDNA) at the cell extraction level. Here, we show that a large number of living and potentially active microorganisms, such as
Acidimicrobiia
,
Geodermatophilaceae
,
Frankiales
, and
Burkholderiaceae,
occur in the hyperarid areas. We observed viable microorganisms involved as pioneers in initial soil formation processes, such as carbon and nitrogen fixation, as well as mineral-weathering processes. In response to various environmental stressors, microbes coexist as generalists or specialists in the desert soil environment. Our results show that specialists compete in a limited range of niches, while generalists tolerate a wider range of environmental conditions. Use of the DNA separation approach can provide new insights into different roles within viable microbial communities, especially in low-biomass environments where RNA-based analyses often fail.

IMPORTANCE
The novel e- and iDNA separation technique offers insights into the living community at the cell extraction level in the hyperarid Atacama Desert. This approach provides a new framework for analyzing the composition and structure of the potentially active part of the microbial communities as well as their specialization, ecological network and community assembly process. Our findings underscore the significance of utilizing alternative genomic techniques in low-biomass environments where traditional DNA- and RNA-based analyses may not be feasible. The results demonstrate the viability of the proposed study framework and show that specialized microorganisms are important in initial soil formation processes, including microbial-driven mineral weathering, as well as the fixation of carbon and nitrogen.
Inhibition of protein kinase D and its substrate phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III beta blocks common human coronavirus replication
Authors: Han Huijuan , Liu Huan , Steiner Rebbeca , Zhao Zhijun , Jin Zheng-Gen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the infection of a coronavirus, named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronaviruses can be replicated in the infected host cells. Coronavirus replication involves various steps, including membrane fusion, peri-nuclear particle formation, and matrix vesicle transport to the cell membrane
via
the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi-lysosome route. Recent studies have suggested that protein kinase D (PKD) plays a crucial role in regulation of vesicle formation and trafficking in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Thus, we hypothesize that inhibiting PKD and its associated pathway could be an effective strategy to limit viral replication. Here, we report that molecular and pharmacological inhibition of PKD and its substrate phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III beta (PI4KIIIβ) significantly diminishes the replication of common human coronaviruses. Specifically, we found that the PKD-silencing siRNA and the PKD inhibitor CRT0066101 have broad-spectrum antiviral activity against HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E in cultured cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that the deactivation of PKD reduced the activation of PI4KIIIβ, thereby blocking the transport of viral particles in the host cells. Furthermore, the PI4KIIIβ inhibitor, BQR695, also exhibited antiviral activity against those coronaviruses. In conclusion, PKD and its substrate, PI4KIIIβ, may serve as novel antiviral targets for human coronaviruses and warrant further investigation.

IMPORTANCE
Human coronaviruses can lead to a range of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic infection to severe illness and death, with a limited array of antiviral drugs available. Protein kinase D (PKD) is involved in various cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and membrane fission of the Golgi apparatus. However, the specific role of PKD in the human coronavirus life cycle remains unclear. In this study, we found that PKD inhibitors effectively attenuated human coronavirus replication at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) stage in the viral life cycle. Furthermore, inhibiting PKD reduced PI4KIIIβ activation, thereby blocking viral replication in the host cells. Importantly, PI4KIIIβ inhibitors also blocked human coronavirus replication. Thus, PKD may represent a promising therapeutic target against both current circulating and future emerging coronaviruses.
Multi-stage tectonic record of the Central Sakarya Terrane Basement (NW Turkey): Implications for the Paleozoic evolution of Rheic Ocean and northern Gondwanan margin
Authors: Yasar I. Dogancan , Sayit Kaan , Miller Brent V. , Hames Willis E. , Koralay O. Ersin , Jeong Youn-Joong , Göncüoğlu M. Cemal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In northwestern Turkey, within the Central Sakarya Terrane, the Söğüt Metamorphics is one of the Variscan tectonic units preserved as a pre-Jurassic basement assemblage of the Sakarya Composite Terrane (SCT). It consists of para- and orthogneisses that host bands, lenses, boudins, and tectonic slices of amphibolites, and are altogether intruded by the Sarıcakaya Granitoid. The characterization and timing of the precursor magmatic events for the protoliths of this assemblage and the timing and conditions of metamorphism have been the topics of a long-lasting debate. Here we present new geochemical and geochronological data from the Söğüt orthogneisses, amphibolites, and the crosscutting Sarıcakaya Granitoid to provide further understanding of the geodynamic evolution of the SCT Basement and the larger-scale tectonic events that controlled its formation. Available geological and geochronological data indicate that the generation of the orthogneiss protoliths began in the Late Cambrian (ca. 485 Ma) and continued until the middle Silurian (ca. 430 Ma), accompanied by the subduction of the Iapetus Ocean and its progressive roll-back beneath northern Gondwana. The slab roll-back caused mantle-upwelling and Ordovician (ca. 465 Ma) continental rift-related mafic magmatism, eventually leading to the opening of the Rheic Ocean. Prior to the Variscan orogeny, a short-lived episode of middle Carboniferous (ca. 336–328 Ma) intra-oceanic arc magmatism occurred within the Rheic Ocean north of the SCT. Accretion of all this material and continuous subduction beneath the SCT led to a two-stage metamorphism during the late Carboniferous (ca. 326–324 Ma and ca. 318 Ma) and synchronous generation of granitic (ca. 327–324) and dioritic (ca. 319–317 Ma) rocks of the Sarıcakaya Granitoid during the Variscan orogeny, terminating the life cycle of the Rheic Ocean.
Outlier ophthalmologists in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with intravitreal therapy
Authors: Hashimoto Yohei , Hunt Adrian Robert , Wells Jane M , Banerjee Gayatri , Ferrier Ross , Barry Richard , Field Andrew , Game Justin , Hooper Claire Yvonne , Barthelmes Daniel , Gillies Mark C 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundTo compare individual ophthalmologists grouped as outliers or non-outliers based on the mean 12-month visual acuity (VA) outcomes for their patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).MethodsThis prospectively designed database study included treatment-naïve eyes with nAMD starting vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors between July 2018 and April 2023 in Australia. Ophthalmologists were classified into high outliers, non-outliers and low outliers with a funnel plot of the adjusted mean 12-month VA change. The number of injections, last injection interval and proportion of visits where choroidal neovascularisation was active were compared between the groups.Results38 ophthalmologists who treated a total of 1266 eyes (male, 35%; mean age, 81 years old) were classified into 1 high outlier, 34 non-outliers and 3 low outliers (mean VA change, 7.5, 5.1 and 2.5 letters, respectively). The high outlier gave significantly more injections than the non-outliers (mean, 8.6 vs 7.7; p<0.001), while the low outliers administered significantly fewer injections than the non-outliers (mean, 7.1 vs 7.7; p=0.009). The last injection interval was shortest in the high outlier’s eyes (9.4 weeks), followed by non-outliers’ (10.8 weeks; p=0.04 (vs high outlier’s)) and low outliers’ (11.8 weeks; p=0.22 (vs non-outliers’)). The low outliers’ patients had more visits with intraretinal fluid (59%) than non-outliers’ (29%; p<0.001) and high outlier’s patients (31%; p<0.001).ConclusionThe low outliers’ eyes had fewer injections, a longer treatment interval and more visits with intraretinal fluid. Building a system through which low outliers are anonymously notified of their performance would help improve general quality of care.
Late-onset myopathy responsive to immunomodulatory treatment: sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy without nemaline rods?
Authors: Sadeh Menachem , Fellig Yakov , Dabby Ron 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundLate-onset sporadic nemaline myopathy (SLONM) is a rare, treatable or potentially life-threatening muscle disorder that typically manifests late in life and is characterised by the presence of nemaline rods within muscle fibres, serving as the hallmark of the disease and the key to diagnosis.MethodsWe report a case of an elderly patient with subacute onset of severe weakness affecting the upper and lower limbs, neck extensors and abdominal muscles. A comprehensive laboratory workup was performed.ResultsMuscle biopsies showed nonspecific myopathic changes without inflammation, and electron microscopy did not reveal rods or aggregates. The laboratory workup was unremarkable except for the detection of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Steroid treatment was ineffective; however, there was a notable positive response to intravenous immunoglobulins. The neurological findings, subacute course, normal creatine kinase levels, presence of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance and responsiveness to immunoglobulin treatment but not to steroids align with the characteristics of SLONM.ConclusionWe propose that the diagnosis of SLONM should be considered even in the absence of nemaline rods in muscle biopsy, and this should not impede the consideration of immunomodulatory treatment. Future progress in understanding the pathogenetic basis of SLONM may reduce reliance on pathological findings in muscle biopsies for establishing the diagnosis.
Research on Financial Market Prediction Model Based on Big Data and Quantum Computing
Authors: Wang Hongwu , Hong Cheng , Zhu Shaotao 
Published: November 2024

A financial market is a trading system for financial assets such as derivatives, stocks, currencies, and bonds. Financial markets, which can be virtual or physical, are essential to the world economy. Financial forecasting has become an enormous difficulty due to the markets’ quick internationalization and the volume of data gathered from various sources growing at an accelerating rate. The study explores the creation of a model for stock market forecasting that leverages the power of big data analytics and quantum computing (QC). By handling multifaceted datasets and achieving high-accuracy forecasting, big data and QC improve market trends and insights. This is achieved by leveraging QC speed-driven problem-solving capabilities. In this study, we proposed a novel Hippopotamus Optimized Quantum Refined Support Vector Machine (HO-QRSVM) to predict the financial market. The financial dataset came from several places, such as economic databases and stock exchanges. The preprocessed data from the acquired data were cleaned and normalized. To remove dimensionality and extract features from preprocessed data, principle component analysis (PCA) is used. The capacity of QC to handle entanglement and superposition enables the simultaneous investigation of several potential market situations, leading to faster convergence and more precise forecasts. The result demonstrated the proposed method has significant improvements in prediction accuracy compared to other traditional algorithms. The performance evaluation techniques include the F1-score (96.3%), recall (98.2%), accuracy (98.5%), and precision (98.3%). The research, big data analytics, and QC combined can greatly improve financial market forecasts, giving decision-makers and strategic investors an advantage over their competition.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infection Among Prison Inmates and Their Associated Risk Factors at Hosanna Town, South–Central Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Mussema Abdulhakim , Tafesse Weynshet , Temam Leyla 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: In developing countries, prisoners are one of the marginalized groups most susceptible to intestinal parasite infection due to inadequate living conditions, malnutrition, a lack of potable water, overcrowding, and poor hygiene. Thus, this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among inmates of Hosanna town prison.Materials and Methods: An institution‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in Hosanna Town’s prisoners from June 1 to July 30, 2022, on a total of 420 inmates. The study participants were chosen using a simple random sampling technique. Sociodemographic, sanitation, hygienic, and related information were collected by using pretested questionnaires. In addition, about 5 g of stool sample was collected using a leak‐proof plastic stool cup and examined microscopically by using direct wet mount preparation and formalin–ether concentration techniques, and data were analyzed by using SPSS Version 25.Results: This study indicated an overall 39.2% (95% CI: 34.6–44.1) prevalence of intestinal parasites (165/420). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was the most prevalent intestinal parasite found, followed by Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworms, Taenia species, and Schistosoma mansoni. About 3.1% of participants had dual parasitic infections. In addition, there is a significant association in multivariable logistic regression analysis between intestinal parasitic infection and various hygiene practices such as not using soap when washing hands after using the toilet ((aOR 1.62 (95% CI: 1.06–2.48)), p ≤ 0.027), not regularly washing hands before meals ((aOR 2.83 (95% CI: 1.79–4.46)), p ≤ 0.001), poor hand hygiene overall ((aOR 3.18 (95% CI: 2.00–4.99)), p ≤ 0.001), not trimming fingernails ((aOR 2.09 (95% CI: 1.29–3.37)), p ≤ 0.003), and length of time in prison (aOR: 4.27, 95% CI: 22.62–6.96, p = 0.001).Conclusions: The findings of the study indicated that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 39.2%, with 38.8% of the infected individuals falling within the 25–34 age range. Additionally, 67.3% of those infected had been imprisoned for over a year. Furthermore, the personal hygiene status of prisoners was found to be substantially correlated with the presence of parasites. Hosanna town prison should ensure sufficient sanitary supplies, promote personal hygiene, and implement health education. Regular medical checkups and routine nail‐clipping sessions are crucial for maintaining cleanliness and reducing parasite transmission among inmates.
Enhancing pH Modulation and Calcium Ions Release in External Resorption Artificial Defects
Authors: Kheradyar Azadeh , Adel Mamak , Sirati-Sabet Majid , Kolahdouzan Alireza , Shafagh Sahar 
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Diffusion of hydroxide (OH)− and calcium (Ca)++ ions through dentin may cease external root resorption. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium‐enriched mixture (CEM) cement are the choices for this purpose due to their optimal properties. This study sought to analyze the effects of ultrasonic activation (UA) on pH and the release of calcium ions from Ca(OH)2, MTA, and CEM cement in external root resorption artificial defects.Materials and Methods: This in vitro research involved the instrumentation and shaping of the root canals of 150 single‐rooted teeth (#F4). External defects were intentionally made on the middle one‐third of the root surface. Teeth were randomly assigned to a negative control group (n = 10), one positive control group (n = 20), and six experimental groups (each n = 20) according to the root canal filling material (Ca(OH)2 paste, MTA, CEM, gutta‐percha, Ca(OH)2 paste+ultrasonic, MTA + ultrasonic, and CEM + ultrasonic). Ultrasonic energy was transferred to the test materials using a #25 spreader. Ca++ concentration and pH were measured after 1, 7, 15, and 30 days in all groups. Statistical analysis involved the use of repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired‐sample T‐test (P ≤ 0.05).Results: The levels of calcium ions and pH increased significantly over time in all groups (P < 0.001). There were significant differences between the experimental groups in terms of pH and the concentration of released calcium ions at different times (P < 0.001). The Ca(OH)2 plus ultrasonic energy group ranked first, while the gutta‐percha group ranked last in terms of release of calcium ions and pH.Conclusion: The Ca(OH)2, MTA, and CEM cement groups showed an increase in pH and the release of calcium ions at the external root resorption defects. Additionally, the application of ultrasonic energy increased the release of calcium ions at these sites.