bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental strategies restricting screen use among children, screen home environment, and child screen use as predictors of child body fat: A prospective parent–child study
Authors: Boberska Monika , Horodyska Karolina , Kruk Magdalena , Knoll Nina , Hohl Diana Hilda , Keller Jan , Luszczynska Aleksandra 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThis study provides an insight into associations between: (1) parental and child perceptions of parental strategies restricting screen use among children, (2) child perceptions of the presence and availability of screen‐based equipment at home, (3) child sedentary screen use behaviours, and (4) child body fat.DesignA prospective study with two assessment periods (Time 1, T1; Time 2, T2), spanning 7–8 months.MethodsAt T1, 879 parent–child dyads (83.3% mothers; 52.3% girls) were enrolled and provided parental and child (5–11 years old) self‐report data. T2 data were obtained from 603 dyads. Child body fat was measured with bioimpedance method (T1 and T2). Path analysis was used to test models calculated with and without additional covariates, such as parental and child age and gender, parental education, and economic status.ResultsPath analysis indicated indirect effects of the presence and availability of screen‐based equipment at home (T1) on child body fat (T2), with screen use among children (T1) mediating this association. Parental perceptions of restrictions (T1) were unrelated to child body fat (T2). In contrast, child perceptions of parental restrictions (T1) predicted child body fat (T2). Children who perceived that their parents applied a higher level of restrictions (T1) had a lower body fat at the 7‐ to 8‐month follow‐up. These associations were found after controlling for baseline levels of child body fat, across models calculated with and without additional covariates.ConclusionsChild, not parental perceptions of parental restrictions, predicted better obesity‐related outcomes in children, such as lower body fat.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Little is known about effects of parental restrictions of screen use on child body fat.

Evidence is mostly cross‐sectional, except from a recent investigation by Sleddens, Gubbels, Kremers, van der Plas, and Thijs ().

To date, effects of parental (not children's) reports of screen use restrictions were investigated.

What does this study add?

Children reporting more parental restrictions of screen use have less body fat at a follow‐up.

Parental reports of screen use restrictions are unrelated to child screen use and body fat.

Frequent screen use mediate between the number of screen devices at home and higher child body fat.
Four or six implants in the maxillary posterior region to support an overdenture: 5‐year results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Slot Wim , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Cune Marco S. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare clinical and patient‐reported outcomes when providing maxillary overdentures on four bar‐ and six bar‐connected implants placed in the posterior region during a 5‐year follow‐up period.Materials and methodsSixty‐six fully edentulous patients with functional maxillary denture complaints and insufficient bone volume to allow implant placement were scheduled for a maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure with bone from the anterior iliac crest and randomized to receive either four or six implants in the posterior maxilla and four implants in the mandible. After 3 months of osseointegration, a bar‐supported overdenture was constructed. Maxillary implant survival, overdenture survival, clinical scores, peri‐implant bone height changes and patient satisfaction were assessed.ResultsSixty patients completed the 5‐year follow‐up. Implant survival was 100% in the four‐implant group and 99.5% in the six‐implant group. No new overdentures had to be made in the four‐implant group, and three new overdentures were made in the six‐implant group due to excessive wear of the denture base and teeth (90.9% overdenture survival). Clinical parameters did not differ significantly between groups. Mean marginal bone loss compared to baseline was 0.58 ± 0.51 mm in the four‐implant group and 0.60 ± 0.58 mm in the six‐implant group, respectively. Overall, patient satisfaction improved significantly, but did not differ between groups.ConclusionFollowing a bilateral maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure, a bar‐supported overdenture on four implants in the posterior maxillary region is not inferior to an overdenture supported by six implants after a 5‐year evaluation period in patients with functional maxillary denture complaints and marked posterior resorption (Clinical trial registration number: NTR2969).
The diagnostic performance of ultrasonography and computerized tomography in differentiating superficial from deep lobe parotid tumours
Authors: Cheng Ping‐Chia , Chang Chih‐Ming , Huang Chun‐Chieh , Lo Wu‐Chia , Huang Tsung‐Wei , Cheng Po‐Wen , Liao Li‐Jen 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo validate and compare ultrasound (US) versus computerized tomography (CT) criteria in the localisation of superficial/deep lobe tumours of the parotid gland.Design and settingThis was a retrospective study of diagnostic tests performed from January 2008 to June 2017.ParticipantsWe included adult patients who were referred for a neck ultrasonography examination due to parotid tumours, and who subsequently underwent parotid surgery.Main outcome measuresWe assessed the location of parotid tumours, comparing the minimum fascia‐tumour distance (MFTD) criterion on an US with eight CT criteria. We analysed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the MFTD for malignant, benign, and all parotid tumours, and compared the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the optimal MFTD with those of CT anatomical criteria.ResultsA total of 166 parotid tumours were included. The mean (SD) MFTD in superficial lobe tumours was significantly shorter than that of deep lobe tumours (1.2 [0.7] vs 2.8 [1.9] mm, effect size: 1.84; 95% CI, 1.27‐2.41). The areas under the ROC curve were 0.63 for malignant tumours and 0.88 for benign tumours. The optimal MFTD cut point was 2.4 mm for the 154 benign parotid tumours, and the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 90%, 80% and 91%, respectively. For the 136 benign parotid tumours that underwent CT examination, three criteria had an accuracy of over 90% (FNline, tMasseter and Conn's arc), but the sensitivities were all below 50%.ConclusionsMinimum fascia‐tumour distance is more feasible for benign tumours than for malignant tumours for the localisation of parotid tumours. For benign parotid tumours, US is enough to guide operations.
Sex pheromone component produced by microbial associates of the forest pestMegaplatypus mutatus
Authors: Slodowicz M. , Ceriani‐Nakamurakare E. , Carmarán C. , González‐Audino P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMegaplatypus mutatus(Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) is an ambrosia beetle native to South America that causes economic loss and was recently introduced to Italy, where it attacks and damages live poplar trees. Sulcatol and sulcatone are male‐produced pheromone components involved in the mating process ofM. mutatus. Their relative proportions are highly variable among insects, although the temporal pattern shows that initially only sulcatol is present, and sulcatone increases with time, until they are finally both depleted. Sulcatol and sulcatone may be produced de novo by the beetles, they may be produced by fungi, or both pathways may contribute to their production. Sulcatol is stored in the males’ hindgut but sulcatone is only present in emissions, so there is an oxidation process to transform the alcohol to the ketone before or during pheromone release. It is our hypothesis that fungi associated withM. mutatusare responsible for this process. In this work, we studied a possible contribution of associated microorganisms in the conversion of sulcatol into sulcatone and its consequent role in the temporal release pattern of these sex pheromone components observed in male insects. Moreover, we inhibited the postulated enzymes involved in this pheromone conversion process – 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutatyl‐CoA reductase (HMGR) and P450 enzymes of a fungal strain – and added an antibiotic and a fungicide to the homogenate during sulcatol‐sulcatone conversion. Among the fungal species, particular interest was given toGraphium basitruncatum(Matsush.) Seifert & Okada (Microascales), as it is present in male but not in female exoskeletons and in insect gallery samples, suggesting a possible different role in pherome production, as the male is the pheromone‐producing sex. Several isolated strains were able to convert sulcatol to sulcatone, whereas the fungusG. basitruncatumshowed the highest production of this ketone. Additionally, inhibition of P450 enzymes andHMGRfromG. basitruncatumon this alcohol‐ketone conversion demonstrated thatHMGRis involved in sulcatone generation using sulcatol as precursor, and that P450 enzymes are not. Finally, sulcatone production diminished significantly in homogenized tissues of male and femaleM. mutatusfollowing addition of an antibiotic and a fungicide. The results suggest that fungi associated withM. mutatusare involved in pheromone production.
Fungi associated with Cyclaneusma needle cast in Scots pine in the west of Poland
Authors: Behnke‐Borowczyk Jolanta , Kwaśna Hanna , Kulawinek Bartosz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeedles of Pinus sylvestris with and without symptoms of Cyclaneusma needle cast, from the west of Poland, were examined for abundance and diversity of fungi using Illumina sequencing. Fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota (93.6%–98.6% of OTUs). Basidiomycota and non‐culturable fungi were less frequent. Needles were colonized by 260 taxa. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota were represented by 149, 39 and 1 taxa. Abundance of fungi was least in 1.5‐year‐old needles attached to twigs and greatest in fallen 2‐year‐old needles. Fungal communities had least diversity in 1.5‐year‐old needles and most diversity in 0.5‐year‐old needles of current growth. It was found that (a) the most common fungi were the needle pathogens Cyclaneusma minus, Lophodermium spp. and Sydowia polyspora; (b) less common potential pathogens were Cenangium ferruginosum, Coniothyrium complex, Desmazierella acicola, Neocatenulostroma germanicum and species in the genera Neodidymelliopsis, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Pleurophoma and Pyrenochaeta; (c) common primary or secondary saprotrophs included species of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Beauveria, Cladophialophora, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Exophiala, Lecanicillium, Penicillium, Cryptococcus and Kwoniella; (d) Lophodermium was represented mostly by Lophodermium pinastri which occurred 4–72 times more frequently than Lophodermium seditiosum; (e) frequencies of C. minus and C. ferruginosum were lower in the 0.5‐year‐old symptomless needles, increased in the symptomatic and symptomless 1.5‐year‐old needles and decreased after needle fall; (f) frequency of L. seditiosum was highest in 0.5‐year‐old needles; (g) frequency of L. pinastri increased with needle age whereas S. polyspora increased after needle fall; (h) lower frequency of L. pinastrii was associated with higher frequency of S. polyspora. It was concluded that Cyclaneusa needle cast in Poland may be caused by C. minus accompanied by C. ferruginosum, L. seditiosum, L. pinastrii and S. polyspora. Participation of Coniothyrium spp., Epicoccum nigrum, Pestalotiopsis spp. and Phoma spp. in the disease progress cannot be excluded.
Diversification and functional evolution of reef fish feeding guilds
Authors: Gajdzik Laura , Aguilar‐Medrano Rosalia , Frédérich Bruno 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA core eco‐evolutionary aim is to better understand the factors driving the diversification of functions in ecosystems. Using phylogenetic, trophic, and functional information, we tested whether trophic habits (i.e. feeding guilds) affect lineage and functional diversification in two major radiations of reef fishes. Our results from wrasses (Labridae) and damselfishes (Pomacentridae) do not fully support the ‘dead‐end’ hypothesis that specialisation leads to reduce speciation rates because the tempo of lineage diversification did not substantially vary among guilds in both fish families. Our findings also demonstrate a tight relationship between trophic habits and functional roles held by fish in reef ecosystems, which is not associated with a variation in the tempo of functional diversification among guilds. By illustrating the pivotal importance of the generalist feeding strategy during the evolutionary history of reef fishes, our study emphasises the role of this feeding guild as a reservoir for future diversity.
Does gene flow aggravate or alleviate maladaptation to environmental stress in small populations?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Sarah W. , Reid Brendan N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEnvironmental change can expose populations to unfamiliar stressors, and maladaptive responses to those stressors may result in population declines or extirpation. Although gene flow is classically viewed as a cause of maladaptation, small and isolated populations experiencing high levels of drift and little gene flow may be constrained in their evolutionary response to environmental change. We provide a case study using the model Trinidadian guppy system that illustrates the importance of considering gene flow and genetic drift when predicting (mal)adaptive response to acute stress. We compared population genomic patterns and acute stress responses of inbred guppy populations from headwater streams either with or without a recent history of gene flow from a more diverse mainstem population. Compared to “no‐gene flow” analogues, we found that populations with recent gene flow showed higher genomic variation and increased stress tolerance—but only when exposed to a stress familiar to the mainstem population (heat shock). All headwater populations showed similar responses to a familiar stress in headwater environments (starvation) regardless of gene flow history, whereas exposure to an entirely unfamiliar stress (copper sulfate) showed population‐level variation unrelated to environment or recent evolutionary history. Our results suggest that (mal)adaptive responses to acutely stressful environments are determined in part by recent evolutionary history and in part by previous exposure. In some cases, gene flow may provide the variation needed to persist, and eventually adapt, in the face of novel stress.
A phenotypical map of disseminated hepatocellular carcinoma suggests clonal constraints in metastatic sites
Authors: Martins‐Filho Sebastiao N , Alves Venancio A F , Wakamatsu Alda , Maeda Miho , Craig Amanda J , Assato Aline K , Villacorta‐Martin Carlos , D'Avola Delia , Labgaa Ismail , Carrilho Flair J , Thung Swan N , Villanueva Augusto 
Published: January 2019

AimsAccess to tissue in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited compared to other malignancies, particularly at advanced stages. This has precluded a thorough characterisation of molecular drivers of HCC dissemination, particularly in relation to distant metastases. Biomarker assessment is restricted to early stages, and paired primary–metastatic comparisons between samples from the same patient are difficult.Methods and resultsWe report the evaluation of 88 patients with HCC who underwent autopsy, including multiregional sampling of primary and metastatic sites totalling 230 nodules analysed. The study included morphological assessment, immunohistochemistry and mutation status of the TERT promoter, the most frequently mutated gene in HCC. We confirm a strong predilection of HCC for lung dissemination, including subclinical micrometastases (unrecognised during imaging and macroscopic examinations) in 30% of patients with disseminated disease. Size of dominant tumour nodule; multinodularity; macrovascular invasion; high histological, nuclear and architectural grades; and cellular crowding were associated with the presence of extrahepatic metastasis. Among the immunohistochemistry markers tested, metastatic nodules had significantly higher K19 and EpCAM expression than primary liver tumours. Morphological and immunohistochemical features showed that metastatic HCC could be traced back to the primary tumour, sometimes to a specific hepatic nodule.ConclusionsThis study suggests limited heterogeneity in metastatic sites compared to primary tumour sites.
Lead‐free Ag1−3xLaxNbO3 antiferroelectric ceramics with high‐energy storage density and efficiency
Authors: Luo Nengneng , Han Kai , Liu Laijun , Peng Biaolin , Wang Xinpeng , Hu Changzheng , Zhou Huanfu , Feng Qin , Chen Xiyong , Wei Yuezhou 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEnvironmentally benign lead‐free bulk ceramics with high recoverable energy density (Wrec) are very attractive in advanced pulsed power capacitors. In this work, composition engineering was adopted by La3+ modification to improve the energy storage performance of Ag1−3xLaxNbO3 ceramics. It was found that the antiferroelectric (AFE) phase was stabilized after La3+ substitution, as a result of the reduced tolerance factor t. Significant improvement of Wrec and energy storage efficiency (η) were achieved with value of 3.12 J/cm3 and 0.63 for x = 0.02 at an electric field of 230 kV/cm, more than 1.5 times the value of pure AgNbO3 (Wrec = 1.9 J/cm3, η = 0.40). The excellent energy storage properties are resulted from the increased antiferroelectric‐ferroelectric phase transition electric field (EF), ferroelectric‐antiferroelectric phase transition electric field (EA), and breakdown electric field (Eb). The enhanced Eb was ascribed to the decreased grain size and increased electrical resistivity upon La3+ modification. The feature makes Ag1−3xLaxNbO3 a potential candidate for energy storage applications.
Fucoxanthin inhibits tumour‐related lymphangiogenesis and growth of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Jia , Ma Yanhong , Yang Jingshi , Jin Lu , Gao Zixiang , Xue Lingyun , Hou Lin , Sui Linlin , Liu Jing , Zou Xiangyang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTumour lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in promoting the growth and lymphatic metastasis of tumours. The process is associated with cell proliferation, migration and tube‐like structure formation in lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC), but no antilymphangiogenic agent is currently used in clinical practice. Fucoxanthin is a material found in brown algae that holds promise in the context of drug development. Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid with variety of pharmacological functions, including antitumour and anti‐inflammatory effects. The ability of fucoxanthin to inhibit lymphangiogenesis remains unclear. The results of experiments performed as part of this study show that fucoxanthin, extracted from Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), inhibits proliferation, migration and formation of tube‐like structures in human LEC (HLEC). In this study, fucoxanthin also suppressed the malignant phenotype in human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells and decreased tumour‐induced lymphangiogenesis when used in combination with a conditional medium culture system. Fucoxanthin significantly decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C, VEGF receptor‐3, nuclear factor kappa B, phospho‐Akt and phospho‐PI3K in HLEC. Fucoxanthin also decreased micro‐lymphatic vascular density (micro‐LVD) in a MDA‐MB‐231 nude mouse model of breast cancer. These findings suggest that fucoxanthin inhibits tumour‐induced lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its potential use as an antilymphangiogenic agent for antitumour metastatic comprehensive therapy in patients with breast cancer.
Qualitative assessment of published studies on pulpotomy medicaments for primary molar teeth
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Vaishnavi , Anthonappa Robert , Ekambaram Manikandan , King Nigel M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to perform a qualitative assessment of published clinical studies, using the Medline database between 2006 and 2016, on commonly used pulpotomy medicaments. Standardized criteria proposed by Fuks and Papagiannoulis in 2006 was used by three independent examiners who assessed a total of 64 studies and graded the papers as grades A (38‐42), B1 (32‐37), B2 (25‐31), or C (<25) based on the score obtained. Dropout rates were calculated based on the initial sample and the final sample used for analysis. Only three papers were grade A, two of which were parts of the same clinical study with results presented at 24 and 42 months, respectively. Twelve papers were graded B1, 19 were graded B2, and 30 were graded C. The quality of evidence seemed greatest for formocresol (2 grade A, 21 grade B), followed by electro surgery (1 grade A study), calcium hydroxide (11 grade B studies), and ferric sulfate (11 grade B studies). The current qualitative assessment clearly highlights the inadequacies in the published studies, especially the study design and clinical and radiographic criteria, thus provides a basis for formulating specific guidelines for researchers embarking on conducting clinical trials on pulpotomy medicaments.
Melatonin attenuates TNF‐α and IL‐1β expression in synovial fibroblasts and diminishes cartilage degradation: Implications for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Huang Chien‐Chung , Chiou Chen‐Hsiang , Liu Shan‐Chi , Hu Sung‐Lin , Su Chen‐Ming , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe hormone melatonin has many properties, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Melatonin has been demonstrated to be beneficial in several inflammatory autoimmune diseases, but its effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain controversial. We sought to determine how melatonin regulates inflammation in RA. We found that melatonin dose‐dependently inhibits tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐1β expression through the PI3K/AKT, ERK, and NF‐κB signaling pathways. We also identified that melatonin inhibits TNF‐α and IL‐1β production by upregulating miR‐3150a‐3p expression. Synovial tissue specimens from RA patients and culture of human rheumatoid fibroblast‐like synoviocytes confirmed that the MT1 receptor is needed for the anti‐inflammatory activities of melatonin. Importantly, melatonin also significantly reduced paw swelling, cartilage degradation, and bone erosion in the collagen‐induced arthritis mouse model. Our results indicate that melatonin ameliorates RA by inhibiting TNF‐α and IL‐1β production through downregulation of the PI3K/AKT, ERK, NF‐κB signaling pathways, as well as miR‐3150a‐3p overexpression. The role of melatonin as an adjuvant treatment in patients with RA deserves further clinical studies.