bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa skin waste as a sustainable source of natural colorants
Authors: Wathon Muhammad H. , Beaumont Nicholas , Benohoud Meryem , Blackburn Richard S. , Rayner Christopher M. 
Published: January 2019

Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott (black chokeberry) skin wastes from the production of Aronia fruit juice were extracted using a batch extraction method and a novel integrated extraction‐adsorption process. Optimum conditions for batch extraction were as follows: 60 °C, 3 h, acid (0.1% v/v hydrochloric acid), biomass‐to‐solvent ratio of 1:16, and biomass‐to‐solid phase extraction resin ratio of 1:1. The integrated extraction‐adsorption process gave improved anthocyanin yields of higher quality when the process was performed for 3 h without cooling of the circulating liquid, and with a flow rate of 1.3 ml s−1. Overall, the new method showed better anthocyanin yield and purity compared with the batch method, increasing the extraction yield by ca. 20% (5.25→6.34 mg g−1 dry weight of pomace) and increasing anthocyanin content by ca. 40% (19.9%→28.4% w/w dry weight of extract). This method also simplified the process as three steps were eliminated saving time and energy. Furthermore, the integrated extraction‐adsorption method is industrially scalable to produce large quantities of anthocyanins. In the batch method, anthocyanins present in A. melanocarpa skins were identified as cyanidin‐3‐O‐galactoside (38.8%), cyanidin‐3‐O‐arabinoside (6.4%), cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (3.6%), cyanidin‐3‐O‐xyloside (0.5%), and the cyanidin aglycon (50.7%); in the continuous method, anthocyanin content was cyanidin‐3‐O‐galactoside (45.7%), cyanidin‐3‐O‐arabinoside (16%), cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (3.6%), cyanidin‐3‐O‐xyloside (2.7%), and the cyanidin aglycon (32%). The integrated extraction‐adsorption method was shown to be substantially less susceptible to acid‐catalysed anthocyanin decomposition processes. All anthocyanins were derived from only one anthocyanidin parent structure (cyanidin), and only monosaccharide glycosides were identified, which is unusual when compared with other berries that typically have more anthocyanidins and/or greater glycosylation diversity.
Colour and gloss properties of pigment‐printed synthetic leather using an ultraviolet‐curable water‐borne polyurethane acrylate binder and two photoinitiators at different ratios
Authors: Baysal Gülçin , Kalav Berdan , Karagüzel Kayaoğlu Burçak 
Published: January 2019

This study reports on the colour and gloss properties of pigment‐printed polyurethane‐based synthetic leather using an ultraviolet (UV)‐curable water‐borne polyurethane acrylate binder and two types of photoinitiators (Omnirad 819 DW and Omnirad 500) at different ratios. The UV curing of printed synthetic leather samples was conducted with gallium and mercury lamps, either singly or in combination, at three different power levels. Chemical changes in the cured films because of the polymerisation of the UV‐curing process were analysed by Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy, which showed that the polymerisation reaction occurred after UV curing in both the clear and in the pigmented films. The Omnirad 500 photoinitiator is more effective in surface curing and the Omnirad 819 DW photoinitiator is more effective in deep curing. The Omnirad 500 photoinitiator caused the gloss values to drop significantly, especially in the formulation including both photoinitiators, Omnirad 819 DW and Omnirad 500, at a 1:2 ratio, respectively. In the formulation including a higher ratio of the Omnirad 819 DW photoinitiator, higher gloss values were obtained compared with the formulation including a higher ratio of the Omnirad 500 photoinitiator. Considering all the results, the highest gloss value of 20.96 was obtained with samples printed with the formulation of the two photoinitiators at an equal ratio (1:1) cured under a gallium/mercury lamp combination at a power level of 90 W/cm. Moreover, the highest K/S value of 10.86 was obtained with samples printed with the formulation of the two photoinitiators at an equal ratio cured under the gallium lamp at 90 W/cm.
Functional shifts in lake zooplankton communities with hypereutrophication
Authors: Moody Eric K. , Wilkinson Grace M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Functional variation among consumer communities can alter ecosystem nutrient cycling. These impacts on ecosystem function can be specifically driven by interspecific variation in stoichiometric traits; thus, functional trait‐based approaches can be used to explain the processes controlling ecosystem stoichiometry. However, eutrophication may reduce the functional importance of consumers in ecosystems by eliminating heterogeneity in nutrient recycling among taxa.

To test whether zooplankton functional diversity, i.e. aspects of the stoichiometric trait space occupied by zooplankton communities, varies over gradients in trophic state and nutrient stoichiometry, we examined functional and taxonomic variation in the zooplankton communities of 130 lakes in the agriculturally dominated state of Iowa (U.S.A.) over 7 years.

Stoichiometric functional dispersion decreased with trophic state index, supporting the trait abundance shift hypothesis that hypereutrophic lakes are characterised by different combinations of functional traits than their less eutrophic counterparts. Zooplankton communities became increasingly N‐rich relative to P as TSI increased. Specifically, P‐poor Bosmina, Chydorus, and cyclopoid copepods increased in abundance with eutrophication.

Stoichiometric trait distributions of zooplankton shift with eutrophication, which implies that the unique functioning of hypereutrophic lakes could be due in part to the consumers inhabiting them. As zooplankton N:P increased with trophic state while lake total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio decreased with trophic state, P‐poor zooplankton taxa may exacerbate excess P availability in these hypereutrophic systems by differentially recycling P at higher rates.
Global meta‐analysis of soil‐disturbing vertebrates reveals strong effects on ecosystem patterns and processes
Authors: Mallen‐Cooper Max , Nakagawa Shinichi , Eldridge David J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimOrganisms that disturb the soil while foraging or creating shelter (ecosystem engineers) can have profound effects on ecosystems. Soil ejecta from these disturbances can enhance surface nutrients and the resulting depressions accrue organic matter and develop into biological hotspots. Here, we describe a global meta‐analysis of studies that assessed the impacts of vertebrate soil disturbance on both biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems.LocationGlobal land surface.Time period1941–2016.Major taxa studiedVertebrates.MethodsAfter conducting a systematic literature search, we quantitatively synthesized the findings of 149 published studies that compared disturbed and undisturbed surfaces. Our meta‐analysis included 64 engineer species, primarily comprised of rodents and a subset of other mammals.ResultsWe found that vertebrate soil disturbance significantly enhanced soil nitrogen (by 77%) and phosphorus (35%), and the productivity (32%) and recruitment (32%) of vascular plants. Disturbances had a greater cover of bare soil (126%) than undisturbed controls, and higher abundances of secondary vertebrates (1,233%), that use pre‐constructed burrows as shelter and foraging grounds. Soil disturbance significantly reduced water run‐off (63%) and the abundance of biocrusts (82%). Soil disturbance effects generally intensified with increasing aridity, and the magnitude of soil disturbance effects was not moderated by the area of the disturbance. Disturbances older than 12 months were more distinct from the surrounding matrix than fresh disturbances. The phylogeny of engineers was unrelated to their ecosystem effects, indicating that the same functionality could readily evolve in different taxa.Main conclusionsIn general, disturbances become localized patches of elevated functioning, providing strong evidence that vertebrate engineers, especially those in drylands, are an important source of environmental heterogeneity.
Epstein–Zin Utility, Asset Prices, and the Business Cycle Revisited
Authors: Heiberger Christopher , Ruf Halvor 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages of Epstein and Zin (1989) (EZ) preferences when building dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models that are consistent with well-known stylized facts of both the business cycle and asset markets. To this end, we combine EZ preferences with several building blocks from the DSGE literature that has tried to solve the equity premium puzzle and to replicate characteristic statistics of the labor market. Our goal is to guide researchers in this area to useful modeling devices and to discuss EZ preferences vis-a-vis the standard time-additive expected utility function. EZ preferences separate the attitude toward risk from the attitude toward intertemporal substitution. We demonstrate that this additional degree of freedom allows us to closely match the empirical facts already in a frictionless production economy with endogenous labor supply. Our study follows Heer and Maußner (2013). We examine models that consider adjustment costs of capital accumulation, consumption habits, and frictions in the allocation of labor. Our empirical targets are estimated from German data.
Adsorption performance of mesoporous silicas towards a cationic dye. Influence of mesostructure on adsorption capacity
Authors: Meléndez‐Ortiz Hector Iván , Puente‐Urbina Bertha , Mercado‐Silva Jesus Alfonso , García‐Uriostegui Lorena 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe dye adsorption performance of four mesoporous silicas with different structure and textural properties, MCM‐41, MCM‐48, SBA‐15 and mesocellular silica foam (MCF), was studied and compared by using toluidine blue O (TBO) as dye model in aqueous solution. These materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), small‐angle X‐ray scattering, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption analyses, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of some parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, and pH on the TBO removal in aqueous solution was studied. Results showed that adsorption capacity raised when adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH solution were increased while an increase in temperature decreased the adsorption of TBO. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were employed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism while the adsorption rate data were analyzed according to the pseudo‐first and second‐order kinetic models. Results showed that adsorption of TBO onto MCM‐48, SBA‐15, and MCF fitted well the Freundlich isotherm model while the kinetic studies showed that adsorption process could be better described by the pseudo‐second‐order model for all mesoporous silicas. Finally, some solvents were evaluated to carried out dye desorption from the TBO‐loaded mesoporous silicas founding that acetic acid was the most efficient.
The impact of anti‐consumption on consumer well‐being
Authors: Oral Cansu , Thurner Joy‐Yana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough consumption is a symbol of an individual's socio‐economic status, an increasing number of individuals voluntarily prefer to consume less. This phenomenon is called anti‐consumption and it mainly occurs in developed countries where consumption levels have reached excessive amounts. One of the main aims of individuals following an anti‐consumption lifestyle is to increase their own well‐being. However, researchers have yet to investigate whether anti‐consumption, indeed, leads to greater positive consumer well‐being. Hence, through this paper this gap in research is addressed by first deriving a conceptual framework and hypotheses, followed by developing an anti‐consumption scale, and then by testing the impact of anti‐consumption on consumer well‐being. The insights of our analysis highlight the implications for both academia and consumers.
Angiokeratomas, not everything is Fabry disease
Authors: Cuestas Daniel , Perafan Alejandra , Forero Yency , Bonilla Juan , Velandia Alexander , Gutierrez Ana , Motta Adriana , Herrera Hugo , Rolon Mariam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionAngiokeratoma corporis diffusum are benign capillary malformations typically associated with Fabry disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. Only in a few cases they appear in healthy individuals.Methods and CaseWe carried out an exhaustive review of the literature on angiokeratomas and their main clinical, dermoscopy and histological features. Additionally, we reviewed the cases of healthy subjects illustrating the limitations of each case and comparing these results with our case.DiscussionAngiokeratoma corporis diffusum is mostly related to Fabry disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. However, some cases may occur in apparently healthy individuals. Therefore, there is a increasing interest in its etiology, pathogenesis and clinical evaluation.ConclusionThis is an academic–clinical review on angiokeratomas and their main implications in daily dermatological practice. Additionally, we report the first case in the literature of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum in a healthy patient with up‐to‐date laboratory methods currently available. The clinician should remember that not all angiokeratoma corporis diffusum occurs with lysosomal storage disorders.
Is dental trauma more prevalent in maltreated children? A comparative Study in Southern Brazil
Authors: da Silva‐Júnior Ivam Freire , Drawanz Hartwig Andréia , Leão Goettems Marília , Sousa Azevedo Marina 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAlthough a high prevalence of head and neck trauma has been reported in maltreated children and adolescents, most of these studies focused on record‐based analyses, and only a few used control groups.AimTo assess the presence of dental trauma in maltreated children in comparison with children without a history of maltreatment.DesignA cross‐sectional study with 68 maltreated children and 204 age, sex‐, and school‐matched control participants was conducted in Pelotas, a Southern Brazilian city. Socioeconomic and demographic data were collected. Clinical examinations were performed to evaluate dental trauma (O'Brien Index) and dental caries (WHO criteria). Fisher's exact and chi‐squared tests were used for intergroup comparisons of socioeconomic and clinical variables. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to obtain adjusted odds ratios (OR).ResultsThe prevalence of dental trauma was 23.53% (n = 16) among maltreated children and 14.22% (n = 29) in the comparative group. After adjustment, the occurrence of dental trauma showed association with child maltreatment, with an OR of 2.14 (95% confidence interval 1.03‐4.44) for maltreated children in comparison with children in the comparative group (P = 0.04).ConclusionsMaltreated children presented with more dental trauma than those with no history of maltreatment.
The EEC/EU as an Evolving Compromise between French Dirigism and German Ordoliberalism (1957–1995)
Authors: Warlouzet Laurent 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis contribution explores the origins of the mutation of the concept of the ‘social market economy’, from its ordoliberal roots, to its contemporary broader meaning, by examining to what extent it was influenced by the perennial debate between French dirigism and German ordoliberalism. After an initial section defining both concepts, the contribution proceeds to unearth long‐forgotten conflicts between both approaches from the 1960s to the 1980s on European planning, on industrial policy and on competition policy. A final section delves into the Delors synthesis and the EMU compromise.
Establishing laboratory cultures and performing ecological and evolutionary experiments with the emerging model species Chironomus riparius
Authors: Foucault Quentin , Wieser Andreas , Waldvogel Ann‐Marie , Pfenninger Markus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChironomus riparius is a well‐established model organism in various fields such as ecotoxicology and ecology, and therefore, environmental preferences, ecological interactions and metabolic traits are well‐studied. With the recent publication of a high‐quality draft genome, as well as different population genetic parameters such as mutation and recombination rate, the species can be used as an alternative to the Drosophila models in experimental population genomics or molecular ecology. To facilitate access to this promising experimental model species for a wider range of researchers, we describe experimental methods to first create and sustain long‐term cultures of C. riparius and then use them to perform repeatable and comparable experiments for various research questions.
Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Obligate Halophile Ciliate, Schmidtiella ultrahalophila gen. nov., spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) Isolated from a Volcanic Crater on Sal (Cape Verde Islands)
Authors: Li Fengchao , Qu Zhishuai , Luo Dan , Filker Sabine , Hu Xiaozhong , Stoeck Thorsten 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new hypotrichous ciliate, Schmidtiella ultrahalophila gen. nov., spec. nov., was isolated from a solar saltern on the island of Sal, Cape Verde. The possession of only one short dorsal kinety clearly distinguishes S. ultrahalophila from other known hypotrichous genera and species. Further diagnostic characters include: a flexible and slender body, an average size of 85 × 15 μm in vivo; a bipartite adoral zone with two hypertrophied frontal adoral membranelles and nine to twelve ventral adoral membranelles; three frontal, one parabuccal, two frontoventral, two or three postoral ventral, and two or three frontoterminal cirri; and marginal cirral rows variable in number, usually one on each side. Ontogenetic data indicate the following: the frontal‐ventral cirri originate from six or five anlagen; the proter inherits the parental adoral zone; the frontal and ventral cirri originate from five or six anlagen; and the marginal cirral rows and the dorsal kinety tend to originate intrakinetally. Additional marginal rows are rarely derived from de novo anlagen. Based on its morphology, morphogenesis and its SSU rRNA phylogenetic placement, the new species should be assigned to the order Sporadotrichida Fauré‐Fremiet, 1961. Due to low taxon sampling, however, its exact position in this order remains enigmatic.
How Much Are Car Purchases Driven by Home Equity Withdrawal?
Authors: MCCULLY BRETT A. , PENCE KAREN M. , VINE DANIEL J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrevious research indicates that changes in housing wealth affect consumer spending on cars. We find that home equity extraction plays only a small role in this relationship. Consumers rarely use funds from equity extraction to purchase a car directly, even during the mid‐2000s’ housing boom; this finding holds across three nationally representative household surveys. We find in credit bureau data that equity extraction does lead to a statistically significant increase in auto loan originations, consistent with equity extraction easing borrowing constraints in the auto loan market. This channel, though, accounts for only a tiny share of overall car purchases.
Factors affecting preservation of coesite in ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks: Insights from TEM observations of dislocations within kyanite
Authors: Taguchi Tomoki , Igami Yohei , Miyake Akira , Enami Masaki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo understand the preservation of coesite inclusions in ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks, an integrated petrological, Raman spectroscopic and focussed ion beam (FIB) system–transmission electron microscope (TEM) study was performed on a UHP kyanite eclogite from the Sulu belt in eastern China. Coesite grains have been observed only as rare inclusions in kyanite from the outer segment of garnet and in the matrix. Raman mapping analysis shows that a coesite inclusion in kyanite from the garnet rim records an anisotropic residual stress and retains a maximum residual pressure of ~0.35 GPa. TEM observations show quartz is absent from the coesite inclusion–host kyanite grain boundaries. Numerous dislocations and sub‐grain boundaries are present in the kyanite, but dislocations are not confirmed in the coesite. In particular, dislocations concentrate in the kyanite adjacent to the boundary with the coesite inclusion, and they form a dislocation concentration zone with a dislocation density of ~109 cm−2. A high‐resolution TEM image and a fast Fourier transform‐filtered image reveal that a tiny dislocation in the dislocation concentration zone is composed of multiple edge dislocations. The estimated dislocation density in most of the kyanite away from the coesite inclusion–host kyanite grain boundaries is ~108 cm−2, being lower than that in kyanite adjacent to the coesite. In the case of a coesite inclusion in a matrix kyanite, using Raman and TEM analyses, we could not identify any quartz at the grain boundaries. Dislocations are not observed in the coesite, but numerous dislocations and stacking faults are developed in the kyanite. The estimated overall dislocation density in the coesite‐bearing matrix kyanite is ~108 cm−2, but a high dislocation density region of ~109 cm−2 is also present near the coesite inclusion–host kyanite grain boundaries. Inclusion and matrix kyanite grains with no coesite have dislocation densities of ≤108 cm−2. Dislocation density is generally reduced during an annealing process, but our results show that not all dislocations in the kyanite have recovered uniformly during exhumation of the UHP rocks. Hence, one of the key factors acting as a buffer to inhibit the coesite to quartz transformation is the mechanical interaction between the host and the inclusion that lead to the formation of dislocations in the kyanite. The kyanite acts as an excellent pressure container that can preserve coesite during the decompression of rocks from UHP conditions. The search for and study of inclusions in kyanite may be a more suitable approach for tracing the spatial distribution of UHP metamorphic rocks.