bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numéro 71 - juillet 2009
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Carpantier Jean-François , Latzer Hélène , Legros Guy , Scourneau Vincent , Thiry Géraldine 
Published: May 2019

La récession s’est aggravée en début d’année. Le climat économique étant toujours fortement déprimé, les perspectives économiques 2009-2010 sont pessimistes. Certains signes d’amélioration apparus récemment laissent néanmoins penser que le creux de la récession a été atteint au 1er trimestre 2009. La récession devrait perdre en intensité au second semestre 2009 et l’activité économique devrait recommencer à progresser début 2010. L’amélioration attendue n’empêchera pas une forte dégradation du marché du travail sur la période de projection.
Numéro 118 - octobre 2015
Authors: Dejemeppe Muriel , Van der Linden Bruno 
Published: May 2019

Dans les jours qui viennent, le gouvernement devra prendre des décisions concernant le ciblage du renforcement de la réduction structurelle des cotisations sociales patronales prévu dans le tax shift. Dans ce numéro de Regards économiques, nous formulons une proposition concrète pour ce ciblage et quantifions ses effets sur l’emploi.
Soyons clairs : l’enveloppe budgétaire prévue par le gouvernement (2.335 millions € sur la période 2016 – 2019) ne permettra pas de financer à la fois une réduction généralisée des cotisations patronales (le passage à un taux facial effectif de 25 %) et un renforcement significatif de la réduction structurelle sur les bas salaires. Des choix importants s’imposent donc quant à l’affectation de cette enveloppe budgétaire. Considérant que la création d’emplois est la priorité, le ciblage sur les bas salaires s’impose. Une autre forme de ciblage aurait en effet un impact nul ou très limité sur l’emploi.
Nous formulons une proposition à l’horizon 2016 qui s’inscrit dans l’enveloppe prévue par le gouvernement fédéral pour cette année (1.280 millions €). Selon notre proposition, prenant le taux de cotisation de 32,4 % comme taux facial, la réduction structurelle des cotisations patronales prendrait la forme suivante :
Suppression totale des cotisations patronales pour tout niveau de salaire égal au revenu minimum moyen garanti en Belgique (1.559 € bruts/mois à 21 ans). A ce niveau, la réduction de cotisations patronales représente plus de 500 €/mois.Entre le revenu minimum et 1,5 fois le revenu minimum (2.339 €/mois), la réduction de cotisations patronales diminue de manière linéaire. Pour un niveau de salaire égal à 1,5 fois le revenu minimum (2.339 €), elle atteint 154 €/mois, soit le montant de la réduction forfaitaire de cotisations patronales qui est en vigueur actuellement.La réduction forfaitaire de 154 €/mois reste appliquée jusqu’au seuil «haut salaire» actuel de 4.467 €/mois. A ce niveau, le taux de cotisations patronales s’élève à 29 %.Au-delà de 4.467€/mois, le taux de cotisations patronales qui prévaut est de 29 %.Notre proposition amènerait le taux effectif moyen de charges patronales de 26 % à 23 %, si l'on prend 32,4 % comme taux facial de référence.
Le renforcement de la réduction de cotisations patronales sous 2.339 € devrait créer ou sauvegarder à terme entre 28.000 et 47.000 emplois sous ce seuil de salaire.
Notre étude n’a pas abordé l’importante question du financement d’une réduction renforcée des cotisations patronales sur les travailleurs à bas salaires. Avec le ciblage que nous proposons, l’effet des réductions de cotisations sociales patronales sur l’emploi est maximal. Plus les retombées sur l’emploi sont favorables, moins la question du financement alternatif de la sécurité sociale est aiguë.
Compte tenu des effets limités sur l’emploi d’une réduction de charges patronales sur les salaires moyens et élevés, une proposition qui amènerait le taux effectif de cotisations patronales à 25 % engendrerait un besoin de financement alternatif de la sécurité sociale nettement supérieur.
Numéro 128 - décembre 2016
Authors: Gautier Axel , Salem Iman 
Published: May 2019

Ces dernières semaines, les retards s’accumulent à la SNCB et le président de l’association «navetteurs.be» qualifie la situation de catastrophique. Dans ce contexte polémique, ce numéro de Regards économiques fait le point sur l’évolution du secteur ferroviaire en Belgique et analyse les performances de l’opérateur historique belge, la SNCB dans la perspective de la libéralisation du secteur qui s’annonce.
Malgré la croissance importante du nombre de passagers (+ 22 % depuis 2005) et le retour à l’équilibre financier, la qualité du service – mesurée par l’indice de ponctualité et la satisfaction des voyageurs – ne s’améliore pas. De plus, la productivité de la SNCB reste faible et sa dette est un handicap pour le développement futur.
Ces constats sont préoccupants. En 2023 au plus tard, la Belgique devra désigner un opérateur pour le service public de transport par rail. Pour éviter la mise en concurrence, ce qui semble être le choix de la Belgique, et privilégier l’attribution directe à l’opérateur historique, il faudra démontrer que le rapport «coût-efficacité» de ce dernier, est comparable à celui de ses concurrents.
Dans cette étude, nous comparons la SNCB avec d’autres exploitants ferroviaires européens. Nous faisons trois constats. Premièrement, la productivité de la SNCB est nettement plus faible en comparaison d’autres entreprises européennes. Deuxièmement, la contribution directe des passagers au financement du service est relativement faible à la SNCB. Troisièmement, les subsides d’exploitation octroyés par l’Etat sont importants. Ceci pouvant s’expliquer par la faible productivité, la faible contribution des passagers et une redevance d’infrastructure payée à Infrabel importante. A notre sens, des réformes importantes doivent être entreprises pour améliorer les performances de la SNCB.
Numéro 143 - janvier 2019
Authors: Attanasi Gautier , Bodart Vincent , Courtoy François , Fontenay Sébastien , Ounnas Alexandre , Sauvenier Mathieu 
Published: May 2019

Après avoir été soutenue en 2017, la croissance de l’économie belge est redevenue plus modeste en 2018. L’expansion de l’économie belge resterait modérée en 2019. Alors que la demande intérieure devrait être soutenue par l’amélioration de la situation du marché du travail et du pouvoir d’achat des ménages, de même que par un certain optimisme des entreprises, la contribution de la demande étrangère serait en revanche réduite en raison d’un ralentissement de la croissance de l’économie mondiale et du commerce international. De 1,5 % en 2018, la croissance du PIB belge diminuerait à 1,3 % en 2019.
En résumé , nos prévisions macroéconomiques pour 2019 sont les suivantes:

L’économie belge devrait croître de 1,3 % en 2019.
L’emploi augmenterait, en termes nets, de 37.900 unités en 2019.
Le nombre de demandeurs d’emploi diminuerait de 15.200 unités en 2019.
L’inflation générale des prix à la consommation s’élèverait à 1,8 % en 2019.
Le déficit budgétaire des administrations publiques serait de 1,6 % du PIB en 2019.
On a Nonlocal Boundary Value Problem for Second Order Nonlinear Singular Differential Equations
Authors: Lomtatidze A. , Malaguti L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Criteria for the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the boundary value problem

are established, where ƒ :]a, b[×R
2 → R satisfies the local Carathéodory conditions, and μ : [a, b] → R is the function of bounded variation. These criteria apply to the case where the function ƒ has nonintegrable singularities in the first argument at the points a and b.
Interface Crack Problem for Electroelastic Body
Authors: Bitsadze L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A two-dimensional crack problem in the Comninou formulation is investigated for a piecewise homogeneous plane. Applying a special integral representation formula for the displacement vector the problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations. The system is analysed and its solvability is proved using the potential method and the theory of singular integral equations.
New Proofs of Two-Weight Norm Inequalities for the Maximal Operator
Authors: Cruz-Uribe D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We give a new and simpler proof of Sawyer's theorem characterizing the weights governing the two-weight, strong-type norm inequality for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator and the fractional maximal operator. As a further application of our techniques, we give new proofs of two sufficient conditions for such weights due to Wheeden and Sawyer.
Upper and Lower Solutions Method for A System of Higher Order Difference Equations
Authors: Wong Patricia J. Y. , Agarwal Ravi P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Upper and lower solutions method is used to obtain the existence of a solution for the following system of boundary value problems:

where ũi
(k) = (ui
(k), Δui
(k), … , Δn–2
ui
(k)), 1 ≤ i ≤ m.
Existence Results on Infinite Intervals for Neutral Functional Differential and Integrodifferential Inclusions in Banach Spaces
Authors: Benchohra M. , Ntouyas S. K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the existence of mild solutions, on infinite intervals, to initial value problems for neutral functional differential and integrodifferential inclusions in Banach spaces. We shall rely on the fixed point theorem due to Ma, which is an extension on locally convex topological spaces, of Schaefer's theorem.
A Note on the Theorem on Differential Inequalities
Authors: Bravyi E. , Lomtatidze A. , Půža B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
It is proved that if a linear operator l : C([a, b], R) → L ([a, b], R) is nonpositive and for the Cauchy problem u″(t) + l(u)(t) + q(t), u(a) = c the theorem on differential inequalities is valid, then l is a Volterra operator.
Effectiveness of acupressure on anxiety of children undergoing anesthesia
Authors: Borji Milad , Pouy Somaye , Yaghobi Yasaman , Nabi Bahram Naderi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background and objectives
Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly used pediatric surgeries with high stress levels for children and their parents. The present study was designed and implemented regarding the fact that limited studies have ever been carried out about the effects of complementary therapies such as acupressure on the preoperative anxiety levels in children throughout the world.

Materials and methods
Present study was a randomized clinical trial that was done in three groups with 144 children aged 5–12 years undergoing tonsillectomy. In present study, the children were allocated in three groups: intervention, control and sham. In the intervention group, the acupressure was applied on the Yintang point and in the sham group, was applied at a sham acupoint. No intervention was performed in the control group. Before and after intervention, the pediatric anxiety levels were measured using instruments. The results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests, chi-square (χ2) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The significance level was considered p < 0.05.

Results
The total anxiety score in children was (70.39 ± 20.93) in the control group, (67.83 ± 16.78) in the intervention group and (71.40 ± 21.82) in the sham group, not significant difference (p > 0.05). The different in the overall anxiety score among children before intervention compare to after intervention was as following: Control group (–3 ± 17.46), intervention group (8.42 ± 32.98) and sham group (–4.32 ± 24.47).

Conclusion
Like other surgical procedures, the tonsillectomy has serious stress for children. Our study demonstrates that the acupressure has a significant effect on the level of preoperative anxiety in children undergoing surgery. Therefore, nurses can use this technique to reduce the pediatric anxiety.
Ameliorative effects of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) against potassium dichromate-induced hypertension in vivo: involvement of Kim-1/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Ola-Davies Olufunke Eunice , Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Akande Israel , Ashafa Anofi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Recently, the incidences of hypertension and environmental pollution have increased significantly. This study investigates the antihypertensive effect of Annona muricata extract against K2Cr2O7-induced hypertension.

Methods
Fifty rats were used for this study, which were divided into five groups of 10 rats each. Rats in Group A received normal saline, and those in Groups B, C, D, and E were treated with A. muricata extract alone at 250 mg/kg, K2Cr2O7 at 30 mg/kg, pretreated with the extract at 250 mg/kg, and pretreated with gallic acid at 60 mg/kg for 14 days, respectively, and thereafter administered with a single intraperitoneal injection of K2Cr2O7 at 30 mg/kg.

Results
Administration of K2Cr2O7 significantly increased systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure and caused prolonged QT and QTc intervals. Further, pretreatment with the extract at 250 mg/kg and gallic acid at 60 mg/kg significantly reduced high blood pressure to near-normal values. K2Cr2O7 intoxication led to significant increases in serum advanced oxidative protein products, myeloperoxidase, and xanthine oxidase, while serum nitric oxide (NO) also reduced significantly. Immunohistochemistry of the renal kidney injury molecule (Kim-1) and p38 MAPK showed increased expressions following the administration of K2Cr2O7 together with the downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Pretreatment with the extract at 250 mg/kg and gallic acid at 60 mg/kg also increased the expressions of Nrf2 and downregulated Kim-1 and p38.

Conclusion
Together, we found that pretreatment with the extract at 250 mg/kg and gallic acid at 60 mg/kg normalized the blood pressure, reduced the markers of oxidative stress, and improved the antioxidant defense system and serum NO bioavailability.
Windowing Techniques for Reducing PAPR of OFDM in Li-Fi Systems
Authors: Abdulkafi Ayad Atiyah , Sileh Ibrahim Khalil , Hardan Saad Mshhain 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, Li-Fi system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Li-Fi-OFDM) is presented. In these systems, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used to send information data using intensity modulation. LEDs have a limited dynamic range and the voltage-current characteristic shows a nonlinear behavior. Li-Fi-OFDM signal is used to drive these transmitter LEDs. However, LEDs chip overheating and nonlinear distortions occur, due to high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the OFDM signal. The proposed approach develops a new PAPR reduction method of OFDM in Li-Fi systems based on time-domain windowing techniques. Several windows such as rectangular, Hanning and raised cosine methods have been applied to the OFDM time-domain signal in order to reduce its PAPR while maintain acceptable bit error rate (BER) performance at receiver side. The simulation results of the work have shown the advantages of the offered method; the proposed scheme achieves a significant PAPR reduction compare to the unwindowed signals. Our proposed system also slightly improves the BER performance for all windowing methods employed.
Using height-corrected definition of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents
Authors: Ma Chunming , Lu Qiang , Wang Rui , Yin Fuzai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MS) is common among children and adolescents. Age- and gender-specific references or age-, gender- and height-specific references were used in pediatric MS definitions. More recently, an increasing number of studies documented that the ratio of waist circumference (WC) to height (WHtR) and blood pressure to height (BPHR) were easy anthropometric indexes for detection of obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents. For these reasons, height-corrected MS definition was proposed. WHtR and BPHR were used as alternatives to WC and BP in the definition of MS. In the present review, we discuss the possibility of the height-corrected MS definition for identifying MS in children.
Crystal structure of methyl 2-(4-(3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)acetate, C21H15F2N3O2
Authors: Meng Jiang Ping , Fang Bo , Tan Hong Bo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C21H15F2N3O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.389(5) Å, b = 14.011(9) Å, c = 16.733(11) Å, α = 96.568(13)°, β = 100.432(13)°, γ = 94.589(13)°, V = 1683.6(19) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0589, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1621, T = 296 K.
Von der Notwendigkeit ansatzübergreifender Gütekriterien. Eine Replik auf Paul Eisewicht und Tilo Grenz
Authors: Hirschauer Stefan , Strübing Jörg , Ayaß Ruth , Krähnke Uwe , Scheffer Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag greift zentrale Einwände von Eisewicht und Grenz (2018) auf und verweist gegenüber dem Vorhalt eines unvollständig rezipierten Forschungsstandes auf einen anderen, in der Erfahrung praktischer Begutachtungsprozesse basierten Zugang zum Thema. Gegenüber der Befürchtung exkludierender Wirkungen der von uns postulierten Gütekriterien macht die Replik geltend, dass diese gerade angesichts der Vielfalt qualitativer Ansätze explizit ansatzübergreifend angelegt sein müssen. Nur so lässt sich die vielfach geforderte, begründete Bewertung (besser/ schlechter) von qualitativen Publikationen und Forschungsanträgen leisten.
Lysenkoism Against Genetics: The Meeting of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of August 1948, Its Background, Causes, and Aftermath
Authors: Borinskaya Svetlana A , Ermolaev Andrei I , Kolchinsky Eduard I 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article reviews the ideological, political, economic, social, cultural, personal, moral, and ethical factors that determined the conduct of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences session in August 1948, as well as the immediate...Progress in genetics and evolutionary biology in the young Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was hindered in the 1930s by the agronomist Trofim Lysenko, who believed that acquired traits are inherited, claimed that heredity can be changed by “educating” plants, and denied the existence of genes. Lysenko was supported by Communist Party elites. Lysenko termed his set of ideas and agricultural techniques “Michurinism,” after the name of the plant breeder Ivan Michurin, but they are currently known as Lysenkoism. Although Michurinism opposed biological science, Lysenko took up one academic position after another. In 1929, Nikolai Vavilov founded the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences and became its head; it directed the development of sciences underpinning plant and animal breeding in the Soviet Union. Vavilov was dismissed in 1935 and later died in prison, while Lysenko occupied his position. The triumph of Lysenkoism became complete and genetics was fully defeated in August 1948 at a session of the academy headed by Lysenko. The session was personally directed by Joseph Stalin and marked the USSR’s commitment to developing a national science, separated from the global scientific community. As a result, substantial losses occurred in Soviet agriculture, genetics, evolutionary theory, and molecular biology, and the transmission of scientific values and traditions between generations was interrupted. This article reviews the ideological, political, economic, social, cultural, personal, moral, and ethical factors that influenced the August 1948 session, and its immediate and later consequences. We also outline current attempts to revise the role of the August session and whitewash Lysenko.
The RNA Polymerase II Core Promoter in Drosophila
Authors: Vo Ngoc Long , Kassavetis George A , Kadonaga James T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Transcription by RNA polymerase II initiates at the core promoter, which is sometimes referred to as the “gateway to transcription.” Here, we describe the properties of the RNA polymerase II core promoter in Drosophila. The core promoter is at a strategic position in the expression of genes, as it is the site of convergence of the signals that lead to transcriptional activation. Importantly, core promoters are diverse in terms of their structure and function. They are composed of various combinations of sequence motifs such as the TATA box, initiator (Inr), and downstream core promoter element (DPE). Different types of core promoters are transcribed via distinct mechanisms. Moreover, some transcriptional enhancers exhibit specificity for particular types of core promoters. These findings indicate that the core promoter is a central component of the transcriptional apparatus that regulates gene expression.
Utilización del método Ilizarov para el tratamiento de desejes y discrepancias postraumáticas de la tibia. Serie de casos.[Use of the Ilizarov method for the treatment of post-traumatic deformity and discrepancies of the tibia]
Authors: Vivas Mauro Rafael , Cordano Osvaldo Raul 
Published: May 2019

Introducción: Las secuelas postraumáticas de la tibia representan un problema común al que nos enfrentamos los ortopedistas día a día. El método Ilizarov, mediante una planificación minuciosa, ha dado grandes resultados.Objetivo: Valorar el resultado del tratamiento de desejes y discrepancias postraumáticas de la tibia mediante el fijador circular de tipo Ilizarov.Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó a 13 pacientes mediante criterios clínicos y radiográficos durante un seguimiento mínimo de 24 meses. Los resultados fueron buenos y excelentes, y se logró la consolidación ósea en todos los pacientes.Conclusión: El método Ilizarov es útil y versátil para resolver cualquier tipo de secuela postraumática de la tibia, sin necesidad de injertos o sustitutos óseos. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Posttraumatic sequelae of the tibia is a common problem faced by orthopedics every day. The Ilizarov method, through careful planning, has achieved great results.Objective: To assess the outcome of the treatment of desires and posttraumatic discrepancies of the tibia treated with the circular fixator of the Ilizarov type.Materials and Methods: 13 patients were evaluated by clinical and radiographic criteria during a minimum follow-up of 24 months. The results were good and excellent in all cases, and bone consolidation was achieved in all patients.Conclusion: The Ilizarov method is useful and versatile to solve any type of post-traumatic sequelae of the tibia, without the need for grafts or bone substitutes.
Síndrome compartimental crónico del antebrazo tratado con fasciotomía mínimamente invasiva: reporte de un caso. [Chronic compartment syndrome of the forearm treated with minimally invasive fasciotomy: A case report]
Authors: Gorodischer Tomás , Gallucci Gerardo Luis , De Carli Pablo , Boretto Jorge Guillermo 
Published: May 2019

El síndrome compartimental crónico inducido por el ejercicio o el uso excesivo raramente afecta a los miembros superiores y se ha relacionado con actividades deportivas o laborales. Describimos un caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de síndrome compartimental crónico de antebrazo, de características poco habituales, tratado con fasciotomía mínimamente invasiva. Este síndrome debe sospecharse incluso en pacientes que no practiquen actividades de riesgo y que sufran dolor compartimental inespecífico. La fasciotomía con técnica mínimamente invasiva es una opción eficaz para curar este cuadro. ABSTRACTChronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the forearm is uncommon and has been described in association with sport and work-related activities. We describe the uncommon presentation of a patient with CECS of the forearm who was treated through a min-invasive fasciotomy. CECS of the forearm must be suspected in patients with compartmental pain even if they do not practice risk activities. Mini-invasive fasciotomy is an effective option for the treatment of this pathology.