bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of cone‐beam computed tomography, dental magnetic resonance imaging, and intraoral radiography for detecting peri‐implant bone defects at single zirconia implants—An in vitro study
Authors: Hilgenfeld Tim , Juerchott Alexander , Deisenhofer Ulrich Karl , Krisam Johannes , Rammelsberg Peter , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Schwindling Franz Sebastian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic value of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), intraoral radiography (IR), and dental magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) for detecting and classifying peri‐implant bone defects at zirconia implants.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight zirconia implants were inserted in bovine ribs, 24 of which had standardized defects (1‐wall, 2‐wall, 3‐wall, 4‐wall) in two sizes (1 and 3 mm). CBCT, IR, and dMRI were performed and analyzed twice by four readers unaware of the nature of the defects. Cohen's and Fleiss' kappa (κ), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for the presence/absence of bone defects, defect size, and defect type. Cochran's Q‐test with post hoc McNemar was used to test for statistical differences.ResultsA high intra‐ and inter‐reader reliability (κ range: 0.832–1) and sensitivity/specificity (IR: 0.97/0.96; CBCT: 0.99/1; dMRI: 1/0.99) for bone defect detection were observed for all three imaging methods. For defect type classification, intra‐ (κ range: 0.505–0.778) and inter‐reader (κ: 0.411) reliability of IR were lower compared to CBCT (κ range intrareader: 0.667–0.889; κ inter‐reader: 0.629) and dMRI (κ range intrareader: 0.61–0.832; κ inter‐reader: 0.712). The sensitivity for correct defect type classification was not significantly different for CBCT (0.81) and dMRI (0.83; p = 1), but was significantly lower for IR (0.68; vs. CBCT p = 0.003; vs. dMRI p = 0.004). The sensitivity advantage of CBCT and dMRI for defect classification was smaller for 1‐mm defects (CBCT/dMRI/IR: 0.68/0.72/0.63, no significant difference) than for 3‐mm defects (CBCT/dMRI/IR: 0.95/0.94/0.74; CBCT vs. IR p = 0.0001; dMRI vs. IR p = 0.003).ConclusionWithin the limitations of an in vitro study, IR can be recommended as the initial imaging method for evaluating peri‐implant bone defects at zirconia implants. CBCT provides higher diagnostic accuracy of defect classification at the expense of higher cost and radiation dose. Dental MRI may be a promising imaging method for evaluating peri‐implant bone defects at zirconia implants in the future.
Biodiversity loss along a gradient of deforestation in Amazonian agricultural landscapes
Authors: Decaëns Thibaud , Martins Marlúcia B. , Feijoo Alexander , Oszwald Johan , Dolédec Sylvain , Mathieu Jérôme , Arnaud de Sartre Xavier , Bonilla Diego , Brown George G. , Cuellar Criollo Yeimmy Andrea , Dubs Florence , Furtado Ivaneide S. , Gond Valérie , Gordillo Erika , Le Clec'h Solen , Marichal Raphaël , Mitja Danielle , de Souza Izildinha Miranda , Praxedes Catarina , Rougerie Rodolphe , Ruiz Darío H. , Otero Joel Tupac , Sanabria Catalina , Velasquez Alex , Zararte Luz Elena M. , Lavelle Patrick 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAssessing how much management of agricultural landscapes, in addition to protected areas, can offset biodiversity erosion in the tropics is a central issue for conservation that still requires cross‐taxonomic and landscape‐scale studies. We measured the effects of Amazonia deforestation and subsequent land‐use intensification in 6 agricultural areas (landscape scale), where we sampled plants and 4 animal groups (birds, earthworms, fruit flies, and moths). We assessed land‐use intensification with a synthetic index based on landscape metrics (total area and relative percentages of land uses, edge density, mean patch density and diversity, and fractal structures at 5 dates from 1990 to 2007). Species richness decreased consistently as agricultural intensification increased despite slight differences in the responses of sampled groups. Globally, in moderately deforested landscapes species richness was relatively stable, and there was a clear threshold in biodiversity loss midway along the intensification gradient, mainly linked to a drop in forest cover and quality. Our results suggest anthropogenic landscapes with high‐quality forest covering >40 % of the surface area may prevent biodiversity loss in Amazonia.
Assessing the vulnerability of freshwater crayfish to climate change
Authors: Hossain Md Anwar , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. , Burgman Mark A. , Böhm Monika , Kujala Heini , Bland Lucie M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimClimate change is a major threat to the persistence of biodiversity. Global assessments highlight the most climate vulnerable species and geographic regions based on species traits and measures of exposure to climate change. Yet the majority of climate change vulnerability assessments have focused on terrestrial and marine vertebrates and largely ignored the less well‐known freshwater species and invertebrates. We present the first global analysis of 574 species of freshwater crayfish (Families: Astacidae, Parastacidae and Cambaridae) using IUCN's trait‐based vulnerability assessment protocol.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe collected species‐specific information on sensitivity (eight traits), adaptive capacity (four traits) and exposure (five traits) to climate change and combined those dimensions to assess overall species vulnerability.ResultsOur results predicted that 87% of freshwater crayfish species are highly sensitive to climate change (primarily due to habitat specialization), 35% have low adaptive capacity and 57% are highly exposed (based on an ensemble mean of four general circulation models for a moderate Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario, RCP6.0). Combining sensitivity, low adaptive capacity and exposure, we assessed 87 species (15%) as vulnerable to climate change. These species are distributed globally with high concentrations in the south‐eastern USA (36 species), south‐eastern Australia (21 species) and Mexico (10 species), reflecting global patterns of crayfish species richness. Of the 91 species listed as threatened by climate change in the IUCN Red List, we predicted 18 species to be climate change vulnerable.Main conclusionsWe identified hotspots of species vulnerable to climate change that require further conservation attention. The IUCN trait‐based protocol can help identify data gaps and key traits that should be investigated further and thus can help overcome knowledge shortfalls on the effects of climate change. Our study provides key insights for the application of climate change vulnerability assessment to data‐poor invertebrates, which remain underrepresented in global conservation priorities.
Factors related to difficult self‐expandable metallic stent placement for malignant colonic obstruction: A post‐hoc analysis of a multicenter study across Japan
Authors: Kuwai Toshio , Yamaguchi Toshiki , Imagawa Hiroki , Yoshida Shuntaro , Isayama Hiroyuki , Matsuzawa Takeaki , Yamada Tomonori , Saito Shuji , Shimada Mamoru , Hirata Nobuto , Sasaki Takashi , Koizumi Koichi , Maetani Iruru , Saida Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2018

Background and AimColorectal cancer patients often present with large bowel obstruction. Elective placement of a self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) can relieve obstruction, but can be challenging. Previous studies have compared cases by outcomes only, but the present study investigated successful cases only to identify factors related to prolonged and difficult SEMS placement in patients with malignant colonic obstruction.MethodsA post‐hoc analysis of a multicenter clinical trial conducted between March 2012 and October 2013 at 46 facilities across Japan (UMIN000007953) was carried out; 511 patients who required SEMS placement for acute colorectal obstruction or symptomatic stricture secondary to malignant neoplasm were enrolled. Technical success rates and procedure times were recorded. Clinical and interventional parameters were investigated for their potential effect on procedure time by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsTechnical success rate of SEMS placement was 98%. Median procedure time was 30 (range, 4–170) min. In 27% of patients, procedure time exceeded 45 min, indicating technically difficult placement. Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between technically difficult placement and a ColoRectal Obstruction Scoring System (CROSS) score of 0 before SEMS placement (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; P < 0.05), tumor site in the right colon (OR, 2.5; P < 0.0001), stricture length ≥5 cm (OR, 2.2; P < 0.001), peritoneal carcinomatosis (OR, 1.7; P < 0.05), and multiple SEMS placement (OR, 8.0; P < 0.01).ConclusionClinicians must anticipate technical challenges in cases with peritoneal carcinomatosis, a CROSS score of 0, or expansive strictures; such cases require experienced clinicians to carry out SEMS placement.
Field susceptibility of cork oak trees with different provenances to Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Moreira Ana Cristina , Tapias Raúl , Fernandes Luis , Rodrigues Abel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCork oak decline has been a serious problem in Portuguese central and southern areas in the last 30 years. This decline is associated with Phytophthora cinnamomi, a pathogen with a major impact on cork oak decline. A programme aiming the plant selection on resistance, to address the infection of soilborne P. cinnamomi in cork oak woodlands, should therefore be fundamental for an integrated strategy for the management of the cork oak woodlands. In this context, the main objective of this study was to select potential tolerant families by evaluation of field susceptibility to the pathogen. During 10 years (2004–2014), the survival and height growth of 157 cork oak families from eight different provenances from Portugal and Spain were assessed in a field highly infested with P. cinnamomi. Results showed a high mortality of the plants, over the whole period, insofar that only 14 families, out of the 157, showed a survival rate between 40% and 60%. These families exhibited also a good height growth with heights ranging between 1 and 1.50 m. It was also observed that ploughing, leading to better soil conditions, could contribute to improve the survival rate and the development of plants. Potential families of cork oak were identified as tolerant plant material and rootstock, thereby candidates to be used in restoration and reforestation. Interestingly, additional results concerning a Quercus faginea family evidenced a good resistance of this species to the pathogen. This information is indicative that Q. faginea could be used as a rootstock for the cork oak reforestation in areas where the pathogen had high impact.
Modulating reconsolidation and extinction to regulate drug reward memory
Authors: Liu Jian‐Feng , Tian Jingwei , Li Jun‐Xu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDrug addiction is an aberrant memory that shares the same memory processes as other memories. Brief exposure to drug‐associated cues could result in reconsolidation, a hypothetical process during which original memory could be updated. In contrast, longer exposure times to drug‐associated cues could trigger extinction, a process that decreases the conditioned responding. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological and non‐pharmacological manipulations on the reconsolidation and extinction that could be used to interfere with drug reward memories. Pharmacological agents such as β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol can interfere with reconsolidation to disrupt drug reward memory. Pharmacological agents such as the NMDA receptor glycine site agonists d‐cycloserine and d‐serine can facilitate extinction and then attenuate the expression of drug reward memory. Besides pharmacological interventions, drug‐free behavioral approaches by utilizing the reconsolidation and extinction, such as ‘post‐retrieval extinction’ and ‘UCS‐retrieval extinction’, are also effective to erase or inhibit the recall of drug reward memory. Taken together, pharmacological modulation and non‐pharmacological modulation of reconsolidation and extinction are promising approaches to regulate drug reward memory and prevent relapse.
Atlantic and Pacific halibut co‐management initiatives by Canadian fishermen's organizations
Authors: Pinkerton Evelyn , Allain Marc , Decker David , Carew Ken 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany fisheries managers and neoliberal fisheries economists promote Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) as a solution to the race for fish which can cause rent dissipation under competitive quota or open access fisheries. These actors consider the Canadian Pacific halibut ITQ fishery an example of successful achievement of these objectives. However, critics note the weak performance of this management model in distribution of benefits, increased capital costs to fishermen, deteriorating safety conditions, reductions in crew income and barriers to entry. They point to the layup system which successfully managed effort in the Pacific halibut fishery for four decades prior to the introduction of ITQs. A system similar to the layup has been used for Atlantic halibut since 2013, initiated by the Fish Food and Allied Workers (FFAW) representing owner‐operator license holders in the halibut fishery off the coast of western Newfoundland and southern Labrador. The FFAW rejected the two halibut management plan options presented to them by Fisheries and Oceans Canada: the status quo (a competitive 12‐hr “derby” fishery) or IQs, likely leading to ITQs. Instead, the FFAW worked with license holders to develop a management plan that required harvesters to choose between different fishing periods that spread fishing opportunities over time. This approach improved conservation results, delivered strong economic returns, distributed benefits widely to active fishermen, and allowed an even flow into the market. The authors consider the advantages of these Canadian east and west coast halibut co‐management systems and their broader application.
X‐ray computed tomography to predict soil N2O production via bacterial denitrification and N2O emission in contrasting bioenergy cropping systems
Authors: Kravchenko Alexandra N. , Guber Andrey K. , Quigley Michelle Y. , Koestel John , Gandhi Hasand , Ostrom Nathaniel E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile renewable biofuels can reduce negative effects of fossil fuel energy consumption, the magnitude of their benefits depends on the magnitude of N2O emissions. High variability of N2O emissions overpowers efforts to curb uncertainties in estimating N2O fluxes from biofuel systems. In this study, we explored (a) N2O production via bacterial denitrification and (b) N2O emissions from soils under several contrasting bioenergy cropping systems, with specific focus on explaining N2O variations by accounting for soil pore characteristics. Intact soil samples were collected after 9 years of implementing five biofuel systems: continuous corn with and without winter cover crop, monoculture switchgrass, poplars, and early‐successional vegetation. After incubation, N2O emissions were measured and bacterial denitrification was determined based on the site‐preference method. Soil pore characteristics were quantified using X‐ray computed microtomography. Three bioenergy systems with low plant diversity, that is, corn and switchgrass systems, had low porosities, low organic carbon contents, and large volumes of poorly aerated soil. In these systems, greater volumes of poorly aerated soil were associated with greater bacterial denitrification, which in turn was associated with greater N2O emissions (R2 = 0.52, p < 0.05). However, the two systems with high plant diversity, that is, poplars and early‐successional vegetation, over the 9 years of implementation had developed higher porosities and organic carbon contents. In these systems, volumes of poorly aerated soil were positively associated with N2O emissions without a concomitant increase in bacterial denitrification. Our results suggest that changes in soil pore architecture generated by long‐term implementation of contrasting bioenergy systems may affect the pathways of N2O production, thus, change associations between N2O emissions and other soil properties. Plant diversity appears as one of the factors determining which microscale soil characteristics will influence the amounts of N2O emitted into the atmosphere and, thus, which can be used as effective empirical predictors.
Igbo historiography: Part II
Authors: Chuku Gloria 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIgbo historiography has advanced since the publication of the epic narrative of Olaudah Equiano in 1789 and its different versions, especially that of Paul Edwards, a British literary historian in 1969. The main objective of this essay is to demonstrate the vitality and diversity of Igbo historical studies and provide informative and thoughtful interpretations of its strengths and weaknesses. In three parts, the essay examines the origin, dispersal, and settlement of the people; sociopolitical institutions and organization; economic systems, including slavery and the transatlantic slave trade, and the colonial economy; Igbo religion, Islam, Christianity, and Western education; colonial encounter; the Igbo in precolonial and modern Nigeria with focus on intergroup relations, ethnicity, and the Nigeria–Biafra War; and Igbo intellectual history. The essay makes a spirited critique of areas of overemphasis and the conceptual and methodological issues. It suggests important neglected themes that require further historical investigations. Its primary goal is to nudge Igbo historiography in new and challenging directions and inspire historians interested in Igbo studies to adopt a historiographical approach that emphasizes currency, relevance, and usability.
Southern food studies: An overview of debates in the field
Authors: Cooley Angela Jill 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSouthern food studies is a young interdisciplinary field originating in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, it is a vibrant area of research that includes scholars, journalists, food writers, documentarians, activists, and chefs. Much of the literature revolves around the ways in which southern food provides a lens for understanding southern culture and identity. Some southern studies scholars, however, challenge this approach and argue that the literature of southern food is too nostalgic, ahistorical, and based on outdated theoretical understandings of the American South. This debate suggests a possible foundational change in the way we understand the field.
A severe chronic outdoor urban pollution alters some facial aging signs in Chinese women. A tale of two cities
Authors: Flament F. , Bourokba N. , Nouveau S. , Li J. , Charbonneau A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of a chronic outdoor urban pollution on skin aging‐related facial signs is a poorly referenced topic.ObjectiveTo assess, through visual grading and referential photographic atlas, possible differences in some facial signs between Chinese women, of comparable ages, living in two close cities very differently exposed to urban pollution.MethodsThe faces of two cohorts of 204 Chinese women (2 × 102) of same age‐groups (25–45 years), living in Baoding (a highly polluted city) and Dalian (a less polluted city), for at least 15 years, have been analyzed. Standardized facial photographs (full face and lateral views) were taken and examined, focusing on 26 signs that belong to 3 different clusters (wrinkles and skin texture, pigmentation disorders, and skin pores/skin redness). The severity of each facial sign was graded by 15 trained experts with the help of an Asian skin referential photographic Atlas that illustrates various scales of clinical severity (0–5, 0–8…). In addition, a naïve panel of 80 Chinese non‐expert women was asked, while viewing all photographs, to answer to 4 questions regarding skin radiance, dullness, healthy appearance, and perceived age.ResultsThe increased severity of almost all facial signs was mostly observed in the older group (40–45 years) living in Baoding. In particular, the clinical severity of eight facial signs (five related to skin structure and three related to pigmentation) was found strongly and significantly enhanced by a regular exposure to a severe chronic urban pollution. The naïve panel judged the facial appearance of women from Baoding less radiant, duller, less healthy, and found them older than their Dalian counterparts. The monthly‐recorded weather conditions (UV radiance, temperature, wind, precipitations) of the two cities (of same latitude) show that these only differ by their very different Air Quality Indexes (AQI). The daily life conditions of all women (UV exposure, use of cosmetic facial products, intake of sweet or spicy food…) were found similar in all age‐groups.ConclusionAs compared to a moderately polluted region, a severe chronic outdoor urban pollution favors the aggravation of some facial signs in Chinese women. In short, a highly polluted environment can be viewed as an additional accelerating factor of the skin aging process, when compared to a moderately polluted area.
THE ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION BETWEEN TIME AND MARKET GOODS: EVIDENCE FROM THE GREAT RECESSION
Authors: Nevo Aviv , Wong Arlene 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe document a change in household shopping behavior during the Great Recession. Households purchased more on sale, larger sizes, and generic products and increased coupon usage and shopping at discount stores. We estimate a decline in returns to shopping during the recession. Therefore, the increase in shopping behavior implies a significant decrease in households' opportunity cost of time. Using the estimated cost of time and time use data, we estimate a high elasticity of substitution between market expenditure and time spent on nonmarket work. We find that households smooth a sizable fraction of consumption by varying their time allocation during recessions.
WORKER INVESTMENTS IN SAFETY, WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS, AND COMPENSATING WAGE DIFFERENTIALS
Authors: Guardado José R. , Ziebarth Nicolas R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe theory of compensating wage differentials (CWDs) assumes that firms supply and workers demand workplace safety, predicting a positive relationship between accident risk and wages. This article allows for safety provision by workers, which predicts a countervailing negative relationship between individual risk and wages: Firms pay higher wages for higher safety‐related productivity. Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth panel data and data on fatal and nonfatal accidents, our precise CWDs imply a value of a statistical injury of $45.4 thousand and a value of a statistical life of $6.3 million. In line with our model, individual risk and wages are negatively correlated.