bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipolar Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Tibiotalar Joint
Authors: French Michael H. , McCauley Julie C. , Pulido Pamela A. , Brage Michael E. , Bugbee William D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:
Despite advances in managing degenerative arthritis of the ankle joint, there are few optimal treatment options for young patients with symptomatic, end-stage degenerative disease. Popular surgical options consist of traditional arthrodesis and, more recently, arthroplasty. Additional techniques, including arthroscopic debridement and joint distraction, have gained little traction. An alternative option is bipolar fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation of the tibiotalar joint. We previously reported on a cohort of 86 ankles that had undergone bipolar OCA of the tibiotalar joint and now present the results after longer, mid-term follow-up (mean, 9.2 years) of the same cohort. OCA survivorship was 74.8% at 5 years and 56% at 10 years. Of the patients with a surviving graft, 74% were satisfied with the results. At the latest follow-up, 86% reported better function and 79% reported less pain compared with preoperatively. Bipolar OCA transplantation of the tibiotalar joint is an effective alternative treatment for selected young patients with end-stage ankle arthritis who wish to avoid arthrodesis or prosthetic arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
HOPE-Trial: Hemiarthroplasty Compared with Total Hip Arthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Octogenarians
Authors: Chammout Ghazi , Kelly-Pettersson Paula , Hedbeck Carl-Johan , Stark André , Mukka Sebastian , Sköldenberg Olof 
Published: May 2019

Background:
The choice of primary hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty in patients ≥80 years of age with a displaced femoral neck fracture has not been adequately studied. As the number of healthy, elderly patients ≥80 years of age is continually increasing, optimizing treatments for improving outcomes and reducing the need for secondary surgery is an important consideration. The aim of the present study was to compare the results of hemiarthroplasty with those of total hip arthroplasty in patients ≥80 years of age.

Methods:
This prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial included 120 patients with a mean age of 86 years (range, 80 to 94 years) who had sustained an acute displaced femoral neck fracture <36 hours previously. The patients were randomized to treatment with hemiarthroplasty (n = 60) or total hip arthroplasty (n = 60). The primary end points were hip function and health-related quality of life at 2 years. Secondary end points included hip-related complications and reoperations, mortality, pain in the involved hip, activities of daily living, surgical time, blood loss, and general complications. The patients were reviewed at 3 months and 1 and 2 years.

Results:
We found no differences between the groups in terms of hip function, health-related quality of life, hip-related complications and reoperations, activities of daily living, or pain in the involved hip. Hip function, activities of daily living, and pain in the involved hip deteriorated in both groups compared with pre-fracture values. The ability to regain previous walking function was similar in both groups.

Conclusions:
We found no difference in outcomes after treatment with either hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty in active octogenarians and nonagenarians with a displaced femoral neck fracture up to 2 years after surgery. Hemiarthroplasty is a suitable procedure in the short term for this group of patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Spasticity
Authors: Statz Joseph M. , Sierra Rafael J. , Trousdale Robert T. , Milbrandt Todd A. 
Published: May 2019

» Patients with neuromuscular spasticity about the hip with concomitant painful hip arthritis can be effectively treated with total hip arthroplasty, with excellent clinical outcomes and durable implant survivorship.» Certain subsets of patients in this population are at increased risk of dislocation, component loosening, and heterotopic ossification and are also prone to postoperative medical complications.» Strategies that may mitigate the risk of dislocation include using large femoral heads or dual-mobility articulations with cautious use of constrained liners, careful repairing of soft-tissue structures at the conclusion of the surgical procedure, and performing concomitant adductor and flexor tenotomies. In addition, the other common complications can be reduced by coordinating perioperative care with neurological and medical specialists and administering perioperative heterotopic ossification prophylaxis, most commonly in the form of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, if tolerated.
Revision Rates and Functional Outcome Scores for Severely, Morbidly, and Super-Obese Patients Undergoing Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ponnusamy Karthikeyan E. , Somerville Lyndsay , McCalden Richard W. , Marsh Jacquelyn , Vasarhelyi Edward M. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to quantify the impact of patients with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 35 kg/m2), those with morbid obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2), and those with super-obesity (BMI > 50 kg/m2) on revision rates and outcome scores after primary total hip arthroplasty compared with non-obese patients (BMI < 25 kg/m2).

Methods:
Four electronic databases were reviewed (AMED, Embase, Ovid Healthstar, and MEDLINE) from their inception to August 2016. The search strategy used combined and/or truncated keywords, including hip replacement or arthroplasty and obesity, BMI, or any synonym of the latter in the title, abstract, or manuscript text. Abstracts and full text were reviewed by 3 pairs of reviewers to identify those assessing outcomes following primary total hip arthroplasty for different BMI categories. Outcomes evaluated were revisions (total, aseptic, and septic) and change in outcome scores (preoperative to postoperative).

Results:
The literature search identified 1,692 abstracts; 448 were included for the full-text review, and 33 were included in the meta-analysis. The morbidly obese and super-obese groups were at an increased risk for revision, especially for septic revisions, compared with the non-obese group. The severely obese group had risk ratios of 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 2.02) for revision, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.45 to 1.10) for aseptic revision, and 3.17 (95% CI, 2.25 to 4.47) for septic revision. Morbidly obese patients had risk ratios of 2.01 (95% CI, 1.81 to 2.23) for revision, 1.40 (95% CI, 0.84 to 2.32) for aseptic revision, and 9.75 (95% CI, 3.58 to 26.59) for septic revision. Super-obese patients had risk ratios of 2.62 (95% CI, 1.68 to 4.07) for revision, 1.98 (95% CI, 0.80 to 4.94) for aseptic revision, and 7.22 (95% CI, 1.51 to 34.60) for septic revision. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the standardized mean difference of functional outcome scores between the severely obese cohort (0.04 [95% CI, −0.02 to 0.10]), the morbidly obese cohort (0.19 [95% CI, −0.08 to 0.46]), and the super-obese cohort (−0.12 [95% CI, −0.57 to 0.33]).

Conclusions:
Severely obese patients, morbidly obese patients, and super-obese patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty should be counseled that, although they have comparable outcome score improvements compared with non-obese patients, they have significantly higher risks of all-cause and septic revision.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Acute Kidney Injury in Lower-Extremity Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Rudy Michael D. , Ahuja Neera K. 
Published: May 2019

» Acute kidney injury, defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL or >50% of baseline or sustained oliguria with urine output of <0.5 mL/kg/hr for >6 hours, affects 2% to 15% of patients undergoing lower-extremity joint arthroplasty. Patients who develop acute kidney injury have an increased length of hospitalization and a greater cost of care, are less likely to be discharged home postoperatively, and have increased short-term and long-term mortality.» Risk factors for acute kidney injury after lower-extremity joint arthroplasty include older age, male sex, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and especially underlying chronic kidney disease.» Consensus guidelines have not been updated to reflect recent research into the perioperative effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs); most patients taking these medications chronically without systolic heart failure should omit the dose prior to the surgical procedure to reduce the risk of perioperative hypotension and acute kidney injury.» In patients at an increased risk for acute kidney injury, efforts should be made when clinically appropriate to minimize exposure to potential nephrotoxins including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, intravenous computed tomography (CT) contrast, and antibiotics with higher rates of nephrotoxicity such as vancomycin and aminoglycosides.» The initial evaluation for patients developing acute kidney injury after lower-extremity joint arthroplasty should include ruling out urinary obstruction, clinical volume status assessment, determining whether intraoperative or postoperative hypotension has occurred, urinalysis, and urine electrolyte studies.
PENERAPAN METODE SEO ON PAGE DAN OFF PAGE PADA WEB PENJUALAN ONLINE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN RANKING SERP
Authors: Pramudita Yoga Dwitya , Huzaini Huzaini , Solihin Firdaus 
Published: May 2019

<p align="justify"><em>Search Engine Optimization</em><em> (SEO) merupakan serangkaian proses yang dilakukan secara sistematis dalam sebuah website untuk meningkatkan lalu lintas kunjungan organik melalui mesin pencari. SEO perlu diterapkan pada website dengan tujuan bisa dikenali oleh mesin pencari. Diketahui terdapat salah satu Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) di Madura yang sudah memanfaatkan website dalam memasarkan produknya. Namun website yang dibangun tidak dapat dikenali oleh mesin pencari dan tidak dapat berada pada halaman pertama pada </em><em>Search Engine Result Page </em><em>(SERP). Agar website dapat dikenali oleh mesin pencari dan muncul di halaman awal pencarian maka solusi yang ditawarkan yaitu dengan menerapkan metode SEO. Metode ini akan diterapkan dan diuji tingkat keefektifitasannya pada situs penjualan online UKM Madura. Dari hasil pengujian website yang telah menerapkan metode SEO, pengguna baru, sesi dan lalu lintas organik yang didapat, ternyata mengalami peningkatan jika dibandingkan dengan pengujian sebelumnya yang tanpa menerapkan metode ini (peningkatan mencapai 600% untuk pengguna baru, 210,42% untuk sesi dan 46,31% untuk pencarian organik). Dan jika dilihat dari posisi SERP terdapat peningkatan yang pesat dengan rata-rata kemunculan website berada pada halaman 1 jika dibandingkan dengan pengujian website tanpa menggunakan metode SEO yang rata-rata kemunculan website berada pada rank 5 untuk kata kunci “UKM Madura”. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode SEO dapat meningkatkan popularitas suatu website jika diterapkan dengan benar.</em></p><p align="justify"><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci:</em></strong><strong><em> SEO, Website, Pemasaran UKM.</em></strong></p>
Preparation of a selective flocculant for treatment of oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding and its flocculant mechanism
Authors: Wang Fei , Lü Hongmei , Wang Xiujun , Jing Bo , Duan Ming , Xiong Yan , Fang Shenwen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There are residual polymers in the oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding (OWPF); keeping the residual polymer in the water during the flocculation is meaningful and challenging. In this paper, a selective flocculant (denoted as PDC10) which can remove the oil while keeping partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in water was prepared by copolymerization of decyl two methyl vinylbenzyl ammonium chloride (C10MVBA) and dimethyl aminopropyl methacryamide (DMAPMA). By using oil removal and HPAM retention as evaluation indexes, the synthesis condition of PDC10 was optimized. The optimum PDC10 exhibited oil removal of 98.0% and HPAM retention of 80.5%. Its HPAM retention is much higher than that of a regular cationic flocculant. Measurements of zeta potential, interfacial tension, interfacial dilational modulus and a dual polarization interferometry (DPI) test were carried out for investigating the flocculation mechanism of PDC10. The mechanism of PDC10 was that it can bridge and flocculate oil droplets by electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction. It also preferred to distribute at the interface, and its interaction with HPAM in bulk water was weak, which confirms its selective flocculation properties.
Adsorption and desorption of crystal violet and basic red 9 by multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Chen Xian , Chin Ching-Ju Monica 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBatch adsorption and desorption of crystal violet (CV) and basic red 9 (BR9) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were conducted. To investigate the possible mechanisms of adsorption/desorption hysteresis, oxidized MWCNTs (O-MWCNTs) with more oxygen-containing groups were obtained by oxidizing as-purchased MWCNTs (A-MWCNTs) using nitric acid. The adsorption kinetics could be described by the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemical reactions are the rate-limiting steps. The adsorption isotherms were fitted well by the Langmuir model, which suggests that, in addition to π–π interactions, chemical reactions significantly affect the adsorption. The adsorption capacity decreased in the order of CV on A-MWCNTs, BR9 on A-MWCNTs, and BR9 on O-MWCNTs, possibly because the amidation between BR9 and the surface groups of MWCNTs results in steric hindrance, which limits the adsorption of BR9 to inner grooves between CNT bundles. Adsorption/desorption hysteresis was observed for BR9 but not for CV. It was found that the π–π interaction and molecular entrapment were not responsible for the adsorption/desorption hysteresis. The hysteresis might be caused by the irreversible amide bonds between BR9 and MWCNTs. The results indicate that the steric hindrance due to the three-dimensional structure of organic compounds plays an important role in both adsorption/desorption kinetics and equilibria.
Insights into the mechanism of methylene blue removed by novel and classic biochars
Authors: Chen Wei , Chen Fengting , Ji Bin , Zhu Lin , Song Hongjiao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The adsorption behavior and the underlying mechanism of methylene blue (MB) sorption on biochars prepared from different feedstocks at 500 °C were evaluated. The biochar feedstocks included Magnolia grandiflora Linn. leaves biochar (MBC), pomelo (Citrus grandis) peel biochar (PBC) and badam shell biochar (BBC). The results of characterizing and analyzing the samples showed that different biochars had different effects on the adsorption of MB. It could be found that MBC had the best adsorption effect on MB due to its largest average pore diameter of 5.55 nm determined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities of BBC, PBC and MBC were 29.7, 85.15 and 99.3 mg/g, respectively. The results showed that the amount of adsorption was affected by the pH value. The maximum adsorption capacity of MBC was 46.99 mg/g when it was at pH of 3, whereas for the same experimental conditions the maximum adsorption capacity of BBC and PBC was 25.29 mg/g at pH of 11 and 36.08 mg/g at pH of 7, respectively. Therefore, MBC was found to be a most efficient low-cost adsorbentl for dye wastewater treatment compared with BBC and PBC, and it had the best removal effect under acidic conditions.
Text Detection In Indonesian Identity Card Based On Maximally Stable Extremal Regions
Authors: Purba Angga Maulana , Harjoko Agus , Wibowo Mohammad Edi 
Published: May 2019

Most of Indonesian organizations either it is government or non government sometime required their member to provide their identity card (E-KTP) as legal document collection in their database. This collection of image usually being used as manual verification method. These document images acquired by each person with their own device, there are variations of angles they are used to acquire the image. This situation created problems in text recognition by OCR softwares especially in text detection part, orientation and noise will affect their accuracy. These cases making the text detection more complex and cannot be solved by simple vertical projection profile of black pixels. This research proposed a method to improve text detection in identity document by fixing the orientation first, then using MSER regions to form text region. We fix the orientation using the line that made by Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform. Then we used MSER to obtain all candidate regions and Horizontal RLSA acts as connector between those candidate. The orientation fixing strategy reach average of margin error 0.377o (in 360o system) and the text detection method reach 84.49% accuracy in best condition.
Hermenéutica, realidad y método en la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales
Authors: Tiusabá Gómez Beatriz Helena , Barreto González Robert , Cerón Rincón Luz Alejandra 
Published: May 2019

<p>Desde sus inicios, la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales (RI) ha tenido la intensión ortodoxa de construir un método científico propio, muy parecido al de las ciencias exactas. Sin embargo, dicha pretensión se plantea como una de las posibles aproximaciones a la manera como se estudia el comportamiento de la sociedad en lo internacional y, por lo tanto, forma parte del debate epistemológico que reviste un interés renovado para las RI y la filosofía de la ciencia en el siglo XXI. En este contexto, la hermenéutica ofrece claves para la consideración científica de lo social, que orientan al pensamiento de las Relaciones Internacionales hacia un enfoque interpretativo. Como un aporte a esta exégesis, el presente documento plantea el valor de la hermenéutica, a partir de los postulados de Nietzsche y Vattimo, como método de interpretación de la realidad internacional.</p><p> </p><p>[<em>Este artículo es producto del proyecto de investigación INV-EES-2346 “Colombia en el pensamiento de las Relaciones Internacionales contemporáneas. Historia social de las escuelas y su influencia en la sociedad nacional de cara a los procesos de la globalización”, financiado por la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada.</em>]</p>
A Systematic Review and Single-Centre Experience of Ureterorenoscopy Under Local Anesthetic: A Safer Option for Anesthetically High-Risk Patients?
Authors: Tasleem Ali , Yallappa Sachin , Mikhail Michael , Amer Tarik , Pietrzak Peter , Acher Peter , Young Antony 
Published: May 2019

Patients are living longer with an increasing number of co-morbidities. Minimally invasive ureterorenoscopy (URS) to manage upper tract calculi or transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) can be performed under general or spinal anaesthesia, however certain co-morbid patients are not suitable for this and may benefit from a different approach. We report on URS under local anaesthesia (LA) using intra-ureteric marcaine as the primary form of anaesthesia. We also aimed to perform a robust systematic review of this topic. A retrospective analysis over 6 years was undertaken on all patients who underwent URS for calculi or TCC under LA, with the use of intra-urethral lidocaine gel (2%) and intra-ureteric marcaine (0.5%, 20ml) with sedoanalgesia as an adjunct. A systematic review and all English Language articles on ureteroscopic procedures with the use of LA with or without intravenous sedoanalgesia were selected and data extracted. In our case series, twelve patients had a total of 42 procedures. Stone size varied from 4-35mm. Twenty-two percent of procedures (9/41) did not require any sedation or intravenous analgesia as an adjunct to the bupivacaine with a further 49% (20/41) requiring midazolam. (The anaesthetic chart was not available for one procedure). No procedures were abandoned and there were no conversions to general/spinal anaesthesia. There were no complications secondary to the use of LA. Eighty-one percent of cases (34/42) were performed as day-case or overnight stays. The complication rate was similar to that for conventional anaesthesia. The systematic review yielded 1121 procedures from 11 papers and 7 countries. In 32 cases the procedure was converted to general anaesthesia. Stone clearance rates were between 78-100%. The procedures were well tolerated in 80-90% of cases. This study highlights that URS can be safely performed under LA. It is well tolerated and represents an option for carefully selected patients who have been adequately counselled, and who would be at high risk from anaesthesia. Such patients may otherwise be considered “unfit” for endourological intervention.
Determinants of Audit Engagement Profitability
Authors: Hoang Kris , Jamal Karim , Tan Hun-Tong 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
We examine determinants of audit engagement profitability using proprietary data from the national office of a Big 4 public accounting firm in Canada. We verify through interviews with senior audit partners that the audit realization rate is the primary measure used to assess engagement-level profitability, and use the former to proxy for engagement profitability in our archival analysis. We find that engagement profitability is positively associated with the firm's assignment of lead senior audit managers, as identified by the national office, and its delivery of intangible client service dimensions, such as communication, customization, and responsiveness (obtained from satisfaction surveys of client management and audit committee chairs). We find no evidence that audit quality, measured by discretionary accruals and audit adjustments, is sacrificed to attain higher engagement profitability. We discuss implications for regulation and competition in audit markets.
Rethinking Measurement of Pay Disparity and Its Relation to Firm Performance
Authors: Rouen Ethan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
I develop measures of firm-level pay disparity and examine their relation to firm performance. Using comprehensive compensation data for a large sample of firms, I find no statistically significant relation between the ratio of CEO-to-mean employee compensation and performance. I next create empirical models that allow me to separate the components of CEO and employee compensation explained by economic factors from those that are not, and use these models to estimate explained and unexplained pay disparity. After validating my estimate of unexplained pay disparity as a proxy for pay fairness, I find robust evidence of a negative (positive) relation between unexplained (explained) pay disparity and future firm performance.
JEL Classifications: G32; G35; J31; M12; M14; M52.