bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustaining affective resonance: Co‐constructing care in a school‐based digital design studio
Authors: Phillips Nathan C. , Killian Lund Virginia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBased on two years of ethnographic engagement in a school‐based digital design studio in a high school on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois, this paper conceptualizes the development and maintenance of an ethos of care in teaching and learning through sustaining affective resonance. Adopting musical metaphors as a vocabulary for affective movements, we operationalize practical and practiced methods for sustaining (actively extending) affective (care‐giving and care‐taking intensities) resonance (shared meaning making and cultural production). Sharing examples across years, we show the specific ways that mentors and students in the digital design studio built and nurtured care‐full practices. The purpose of the paper is to explicate the development and enactment of mentoring practices that we observed in the design studio and then to consider how these practices might be shared, spread, and adapted across contexts of teaching and learning.
Neural mechanisms of auditory species recognition in birds
Authors: Louder Matthew I. M. , Lawson Shelby , Lynch Kathleen S. , Balakrishnan Christopher N. , Hauber Mark E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAuditory communication in humans and other animals frequently takes place in noisy environments with many co‐occurring signallers. Receivers are thus challenged to rapidly recognize salient auditory signals and filter out irrelevant sounds. Most bird species produce a variety of complex vocalizations that function to communicate with other members of their own species and behavioural evidence broadly supports preferences for conspecific over heterospecific sounds (auditory species recognition). However, it remains unclear whether such auditory signals are categorically recognized by the sensory and central nervous system. Here, we review 53 published studies that compare avian neural responses between conspecific versus heterospecific vocalizations. Irrespective of the techniques used to characterize neural activity, distinct nuclei of the auditory forebrain are consistently shown to be repeatedly conspecific selective across taxa, even in response to unfamiliar individuals with distinct acoustic properties. Yet, species‐specific neural discrimination is not a stereotyped auditory response, but is modulated according to its salience depending, for example, on ontogenetic exposure to conspecific versus heterospecific stimuli. Neuromodulators, in particular norepinephrine, may mediate species recognition by regulating the accuracy of neuronal coding for salient conspecific stimuli. Our review lends strong support for neural structures that categorically recognize conspecific signals despite the highly variable physical properties of the stimulus. The available data are in support of a ‘perceptual filter’‐based mechanism to determine the saliency of the signal, in that species identity and social experience combine to influence the neural processing of species‐specific auditory stimuli. Finally, we present hypotheses and their testable predictions, to propose next steps in species‐recognition research into the emerging model of the neural conceptual construct in avian auditory recognition.
Managing subsistence hunting in the changing landscape of Neotropical rain forests
Authors: Suarez Esteban , Zapata‐Ríos Galo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSubsistence hunting has been a vital activity for local people across Neotropical rain forests (NRF). While providing a reliable source of protein, subsistence hunting also reflected the strong relationships that connected local people with the species and ecosystems in which they inhabited. However, the social and ecological context in which subsistence hunting can be sustainable has been altered. The relatively small groups that hunted in large and mostly undisturbed forests, using traditional weapons, have been replaced by a growing population using fragmented habitats and modern hunting methods. Thus, subsistence hunting is less likely to be sustainable, threatening the food security of local people and the persistence of species with critical roles in the functioning of NRF. Managing subsistence hunting in this changing context will require a more efficient combination of tools which might include banning the hunting of large and sensitive species, strengthening protected areas, alternatives to reduce the role of wildlife protein on local people's subsistence and, in some cases, voluntary resettlements of local people, from areas that could still be used as refuge for endangered species.
European influence and economic development
Authors: Eicher Theo S. , Kuenzel David J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development accounting literature identifies political institutions as fundamental development determinants. Forms of government or executive constraints are thought to shape economic institutions (e.g., property rights) that provide necessary incentives for economic growth. One strand of the literature suggests thatEuropean influenceis a crucial economic development determinant, presumably through the adoption of European institutions. But how exactly did European influence in the distant past induce positive economic outcomes today? Previous approaches rely on “language,” “settler mortality,” “legal origins” or the “number of European settlers” as indirect proxies of European influence. We propose a direct and quantifiable mechanism: the adoption of European constitutional features. We construct a dataset of all constitutional dimensions from 1800–2008 for all countries and find that nations experience growth accelerations after adopting features of European constitutions. The growth effects are influenced (negatively) by periods of political turmoil, but they are independent of colonial backgrounds. These results showhowEuropean influence may have fostered growth, and they imply that countries were able to overcome adverse initial conditions over the last 200 years by adopting European constitutional features. Our constitutional dataset is sufficiently detailed to identify the specific dimensions of European constitutions that matter most for development: legislative rules and specific provisions that curtail executive powers.
MicroRNA‐143/Musashi‐2/KRAS cascade contributes positively to carcinogenesis in human bladder cancer
Authors: Tsujino Takuya , Sugito Nobuhiko , Taniguchi Kohei , Honda Ryo , Komura Kazumasa , Yoshikawa Yuki , Takai Tomoaki , Minami Koichiro , Kuranaga Yuki , Shinohara Haruka , Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Heishima Kazuki , Inamoto Teruo , Azuma Haruhito , Akao Yukihiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has been well established that microRNA (miR)‐143 is downregulated in human bladder cancer (BC). Recent precision medicine has shown that mutations in BC are frequently observed in FGFR3, RAS and PIK3CA genes, all of which correlate with RAS signaling networks. We have previously shown that miR‐143 suppresses cell growth by inhibiting RAS signaling networks in several cancers including BC. In the present study, we showed that synthetic miR‐143 negatively regulated the RNA‐binding protein Musashi‐2 (MSI2) in BC cell lines. MSI2 is an RNA‐binding protein that regulates the stability of certain mRNAs and their translation by binding to the target sequences of the mRNAs. Of note, the present study clarified that MSI2 positively regulated KRAS expression through directly binding to the target sequence of KRAS mRNA and promoting its translation, thus contributing to the maintenance of KRAS expression. Thus, miR‐143 silenced KRAS and MSI2, which further downregulated KRAS expression through perturbation of the MSI2/KRAS cascade.
Lymphoid‐specific helicase promotes the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by transcriptional regulation of centromere protein F expression
Authors: Yang Xuan , Miao Bi‐Si , Wei Chuan‐Yuan , Dong Rui‐Zhao , Gao Ping‐Ting , Zhang Xin‐Yu , Lu Jia‐Cheng , Gao Chao , Wang Xiao‐Ying , Sun Hui‐Chuan , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Ke Ai‐Wu , Shi Guo‐Ming , Cai Jia‐Bin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLymphoid‐specific helicase (LSH) is overexpressed in tumor tissues and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. However, the role and molecular mechanism of LSH in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that LSH was overexpressed in tumor tissues of HCC, and overexpression of LSH was associated with poor prognosis from a public HCC database, and validated by clinical samples from our department. Ectopic LSH expression promoted the growth of HCC cells in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, LSH overexpression promoted tumor growth by activating transcription of centromere protein F (CENPF). Clinically, overexpression of LSH and/or CENPF correlated with shorter overall survival and higher cumulative recurrence rates of HCC. In conclusion, LSH promotes tumor growth of HCC through transcriptional regulation of CENPF expression. Therefore, LSH may be a novel predictor for prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Low‐depth sequencing for copy number abnormalities in multiple myeloma supersedes fluorescent in situ hybridization in scope and resolution
Authors: Elnenaei Manal O. , Knopf Philipp , Cutler Samuel D. , Sinclair Keaton , Abou El Hassan Mohamed , Greer Wenda , Goudie Marissa , Wagner Julie , White Darrell , Couban Stephen , Forward Nicholas , Gaston Daniel , Campbell Clinton J.V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy that relies on cytogenetic determination of copy number abnormalities (CNAs) for prognosis and management. Low‐depth whole genome sequencing (LD‐WGS) is a cost‐effective alternative to targeted genomics for CNA detection, but its value has yet to be explored in MM. DNA from CD138+ cells from MM patients were sequenced using an Illumina NextSeq at <1x depth (ultralow‐depth). Subsampling analysis and window size adjustment were performed for determining sensitivity limits and results compared to fluorescent in‐Situ hybridization (FISH). CNA calls made down to 5 million (M) reads were comparable to those at 20 M reads at a window size of 100 kb had a sensitivity and specificity of 93%, 92% and an area under the curve of 0.94. All CNAs detected by FISH on the MM samples were also detected by LD‐WGS; the latter detected a further 36 focal CNAs not detected by FISH. Cost per sample of LD‐WGS was significantly lower for our organization than FISH testing. LD‐WGS for MM is significantly more sensitive than targeted technologies such as FISH in CNA detection and resolution, provides a more cost‐effective option for clinical purposes and potential for exploring prognostically relevant and drug discovery targets.
On Fodor's First Law of the Nonexistence of Cognitive Science
Authors: Murphy Gregory L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn his enormously influentialThe Modularity of Mind, Jerry Fodor (1983) proposed that the mind was divided into input modules and central processes. Much subsequent research focused on the modules and whether processes like speech perception or spatial vision are truly modular. Much less attention has been given to Fodor's writing on the central processes, what would today be called higher‐level cognition. In “Fodor's First Law of the Nonexistence of Cognitive Science,” he argued that central processes are “bad candidates for scientific study” and would resist attempts at empirical analysis. This essay evaluates his argument for this remarkable claim, concluding that although central processes may well be “messier” than input modules, this does not mean that they cannot be studied and understood. The article briefly reviews the scientific progress made in understanding central processes in the 35 years since the book was published, showing that Fodor's prediction is clearly falsified by massive advances in topics like decision making and analogy. The essay concludes that Fodor's Law was not based on a clear argument for why the complexities of central systems could not be studied but was likely based on intuitions and preferences that were common in psychology at the time.
A Multipart Project Planning and Tracking Exercise
Authors: Robbins Thomas R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTProject Management is an important skill for business students to develop. Although project‐oriented activity is very common, the success rate for projects is poor. Many projects fail due to poor planning. This article describes a multipart class exercise used to teach elements of a project management methodology to undergraduate and graduate business students. Over the course of the eight‐part exercise, student teams iteratively develop a project plan and Gantt chart, an initial and detailed project charter, a variance analysis model, and a status report. Students are taught an iterative top‐down planning process using a technique we term the ODW (Objectives–Deliverables–Workplan) model. Students are introduced to Microsoft Project and use the tool to develop a project plan that becomes part of a more detailed Project Charter. In the final stages of the exercise, students collect results, update their plan, and produce a project status report.
Extracellular fraction of adipose tissue as an innovative regenerative approach for vitiligo treatment
Authors: Bellei Barbara , Papaccio Federica , Filoni Angela , Caputo Silvia , Lopez Gianluca , Migliano Emilia , Picardo Mauro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVitiligo is a common, disfiguring autoimmune disease that negatively affects patients’ self‐esteem and quality of life. Current treatments are moderately effective in reversing disease and promoting melanocyte regeneration. Thus, therapeutic advanced strategies are emerging from regenerative medicine. It has recently emerged that adipose tissue secretome may be used as a cell‐free therapy in skin regeneration since paracrine functions of adipose‐derived stem cells alone are responsible for most of the therapeutic effect of stem cells in several animal disease models. In this study, we tested the effect of adipose tissue extracellular fraction (AT‐Ex) isolated from lipoaspirates on dermal and epidermal vitiligo cells in vitro. Using this experimental model, we demonstrated that molecules secreted by adipose tissue ameliorate the capability to counteract oxidative stress by a physiological stimulation of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and positively impact on cell proliferation. Due to the presence of Wnt‐secreted factors, AT‐Ex treatment promotes glycogen synthase kinase 3β inactivation and consequently Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation. Collectively, our findings show that AT‐Ex could be useful as a natural approach to improve treatment of vitiligo.
Effects of 21st‐century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California
Authors: Sleeter Benjamin M. , Marvin David C. , Cameron D. Richard , Selmants Paul C. , Westerling A.LeRoy , Kreitler Jason , Daniel Colin J. , Liu Jinxun , Wilson Tamara S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems are an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), sequestering ~30% of annual anthropogenic emissions and slowing the rise of atmospheric CO2. However, the future direction and magnitude of the land sink is highly uncertain. We examined how historical and projected changes in climate, land use, and ecosystem disturbances affect the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in California over the period 2001–2100. We modeled 32 unique scenarios, spanning 4 land use and 2 radiative forcing scenarios as simulated by four global climate models. Between 2001 and 2015, carbon storage in California's terrestrial ecosystems declined by −188.4 Tg C, with a mean annual flux ranging from a source of −89.8 Tg C/year to a sink of 60.1 Tg C/year. The large variability in the magnitude of the state's carbon source/sink was primarily attributable to interannual variability in weather and climate, which affected the rate of carbon uptake in vegetation and the rate of ecosystem respiration. Under nearly all future scenarios, carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems was projected to decline, with an average loss of −9.4% (−432.3 Tg C) by the year 2100 from current stocks. However, uncertainty in the magnitude of carbon loss was high, with individual scenario projections ranging from −916.2 to 121.2 Tg C and was largely driven by differences in future climate conditions projected by climate models. Moving from a high to a low radiative forcing scenario reduced net ecosystem carbon loss by 21% and when combined with reductions in land‐use change (i.e., moving from a high to a low land‐use scenario), net carbon losses were reduced by 55% on average. However, reconciling large uncertainties associated with the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 is needed to better constrain models used to establish baseline conditions from which ecosystem‐based climate mitigation strategies can be evaluated.
A review of our current understanding of parasite survival in silage and stored forages, with a focus on Fasciola hepatica metacercariae
Authors: John Bethan C. , Davies David R. , Williams Diana J. L. , Hodgkinson Jane E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFasciola hepatica, the parasitic liver fluke, is a re‐emerging zoonotic infection and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in ruminant livestock worldwide. A significant animal welfare concern, fasciolosis also has a detrimental impact on food security, with the effects of sub‐clinical infection on growth rate and milk yield estimated to cost the UK cattle industry £40.4 million annually. It is understood that up to 50% of infective F. hepatica metacercariae may overwinter on pasture and remain viable to infect grazing livestock the following spring. However, the infection risk posed by feeding grass silage to livestock remains largely unknown as the majority of previous studies are outdated in both experimental design and analysis of ensiled metacercariae viability. Anecdotal reports of fasciolosis outbreaks in housed livestock have reignited interest in F. hepatica metacercariae survival during modern ensiling processes and more importantly if they retain viability within stored forages. Consequently, a comprehensive review of the available literature is required in order to identify knowledge gaps and highlight future research opportunities regarding the role of silage in the transmission of F. hepatica.
Imperial ardor or apathy? A Comparative international historiography of popular imperialism
Authors: Hennessey John L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWere the ordinary citizens of imperial metropoles during the 19th and 20th centuries arduous supporters or apathetic observers of their country's colonial expansionism, or did their relationship to empire fall somewhere in between? Although this is a central question for understanding the how and why of modern imperialism and evaluating responsibility for colonial wrongs, scholars in the only loosely knit field of popular imperialism have arrived at widely divergent answers. Complementing its companion article, “By Jingo! Methods for Researching Popular Imperialism,” this article will present an overview of the conclusions of existing studies and present ways that future studies can become more theoretically and methodologically sophisticated through inspiration from comparative and transnational history, nationalism studies, and genocide studies.
Predicting hybridisation as a consequence of climate change in damselflies
Authors: Nava‐Bolaños Angela , Sánchez‐Guillén Rosa A. , Wellenreuther Maren , Muñoz Jesús , Torres‐Pachón Mónica , Novelo‐Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClimate change is a key stressor for species. Two major consequences of climate‐induced range shifts are the formation of new areas of geographic overlap (i.e. sympatry) and an increased probability of hybridisation in thede novocreated contact zones.One method to effectively quantify the potential of hybridisation is to integrate ecological niche modelling and the propensity to hybridisation based on genetic divergence. In this paper, we have applied this methodology to predict hybridisation outcomes following different scenarios of climate change in 30 species ofArgiadamselflies.We (i) investigated how climate change may affect species’ distributions; (ii) quantified if changed distributions generate new areas of sympatry between species; (iii) calculated the propensity to hybridise based on genetic divergence between species; and (iv) integrated these data to predict the future potential of species to hybridise.We found that the distribution of 29 of the 30 species was affected by a change in climate which led to a general increase in sympatric overlap among species. The degree of genetic divergence among the 108 species’ combinations ranged from 0.06% to 0.36%. Based on the sympatric overlap and genetic divergence, it can be predicted that 97 of the species pairs are likely to hybridise in the future.Our results are useful to forecast how highly diverse and closely related groups, such asArgiadamselflies, may respond to a change in climate and how this can impact the potential of species mixing under a scenario of increased global warming.
Structure and emission properties of glass‐ceramics containing (Eu,Yb)2TiO5 nanocrystals
Authors: Wei Qiongqiong , Han Jianjun , Liu Chao , Zhou Xuedong , Wang Jing , Xie Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPotential of oxide glass‐ceramics containing defect‐fluorite nanocrystals as host matrix for rare‐earth ions for efficient spectral conversion is investigated. The oxide glass‐ceramics embedded with defect fluorite pyrochlore (Eu,Yb)2TiO5 nanocrystals are prepared through melt‐quenching and subsequent heat‐treatment. It turns out that part of Eu3+ and Yb3+ ions are incorporated into the oxide nanocrystals, and Eu3+ ions remained in the glassy phase are reduced into Eu2+ ions. Blue emission from Eu2+ ions, red emission from Eu3+ ions, and near‐infrared emission from Yb3+ ions are generated and modulated by excitation wavelength. These features make oxide glass‐ceramics containing defect‐fluorite (Eu,Yb)2TiO5 nanocrystals promising as host for rare‐earth ions for efficient spectral conversion.