bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the Bacillus subtilis biofilm expansion rate on phenotypes and the morphology under different growing conditions
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Kong Yuhao , Zhao Hui , Yan Xiaoqiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiofilms are communities of tightly associated bacteria encased in an extracellular matrix and attached to surfaces of various objects, such as liquid or solid surfaces. Here we use the multi‐channel wide field stereo fluorescence microscope to characterize growth of the Bacillus subtilis biofilm, in which the bacterial strain was triple fluorescence labeled for three main phenotypes: motile, matrix producing and sporulating cells. We used the feature point matching approach analyzing time lapse experimental movies to study the biofilm expansion rate. We found that the matrix producing cells dominate the biofilm expansion, at the biofilm edge, the expansion rate of matrix producing cells was almost the same as the velocity of the whole biofilm; however, the motile and sporulating cells were nearly rest. We also found that the biofilm expansion rate evolution relates to cell differentiation and biofilm morphology, and other micro‐environments can influence the biofilm growth, such as nutrient, substrate hardness and colony competition. From our work, we get a deeper understanding of the biofilm growth, which can help us to control and to further disperse the biofilm.
Caspase recruitment domain family member 10 regulates carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 and promotes cancer growth in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Liu Xi , Zhang Xiaotong , Bi Jianbin , Li Zhenhua , Zhang Zhe , Kong Chuize 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBladder cancer, which can be divided into non‐muscle‐invasive and muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, is the most common urinary cancer in the United States. Caspase recruitment domain family member 10 (CARD10), also named CARD‐containing MAGUK protein 3 (CARMA3), is a member of the CARMA family and may activate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway. We utilized RNA sequencing and metabolic mass spectrometry to identify the molecular and metabolic feature of CARD10. The signalling pathway of CARD10 was verified by Western blotting analysis and functional assays. RNA sequencing and metabolic mass spectrometry of CARD10 knockdown identified the metabolic enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) in the urea cycle as the downstream gene regulated by CARD10. We confirmed that CARD10 affected cell proliferation and nucleotide metabolism through regulating CPS1. We indicated that CARD10 promote bladder cancer growth via CPS1 and maybe a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
Taraxacum officinale extract ameliorates dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis by regulating fatty acid degradation and microbial dysbiosis
Authors: Chen Wei , Fan Huining , Liang Rui , Zhang Rui , Zhang Jing , Zhu Jinshui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNumerous data show that taraxacum officinale extract (TOE) exerts protective effects on inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms by which TOE affects dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis remain unclear. After DSS‐induced colitis were treated with different concentrations of TOE for 8 days, the bodyweight, disease activity index (DAI), colon lengths and pathological scoring were assessed, and histopathological examination was confirmed by HE staining. Furthermore, a transcriptome sequencing was performed by using the colon tissues between TOE and DSS groups, and the differentially expressed genes were conducted for the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and were validated by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, a 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to distinguish the differential gut microbiota by using the mouse faecal samples between TOE and DSS groups. We found that TOE attenuated the clinical symptoms, lowered the inflammatory scoring and inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in DSS‐induced colitis. KEGG and GSEA analysis demonstrated that fatty acid degradation and cytokine‐receptor signalling were predominantly enriched in TOE‐treated colitis as compared with the DSS group. Further investigations revealed that TOE increased the expression levels of Adh5, Aldh3a2 and Acox3, but decreased those of CCL20, CCR6 and CXCL1/5 in DSS‐induced colitis, where TOE also induced the enrichment of S24‐7 and adlercreutzia, but decreased the amount of anaerostipes, enterococcus, enterobacteriaceae and peptostreptococcaceae. In conclusion, TOE ameliorated DSS‐induced colitis by regulating fatty acid degradation and microbial dysbiosis.
Up‐regulation of ZFAS1 indicates dismal prognosis for cholangiocarcinoma and promotes proliferation and metastasis by modulating USF1 via miR‐296‐5p
Authors: Li Zhenglong , Jiang Xingming , Huang Lining , Li Jinglin , Ji Daolin , Xu Yi , Leng Kaiming , Cui Yunfu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLncRNAs has been demonstrated to modulate neoplastic development by modulating downstream miRNAs and functional genes. In this study, we aimed to detect the interaction among lncRNA ZFAS1 miR‐296‐5p and USF1. We explored the proliferation, migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma. The differentially expressed ZFAS1 was discovered in both tissues and cell lines by qRT‐PCR. The targeting relationship between miR‐296‐5p and ZFAS1 or USF1 was validated by dual‐luciferase assay. The impact of ZFAS1 on CCA cell proliferation was observed by CCK‐8 assay. The protein expression of USF1 was determined by Western blot. The effects of ZFAS1, miR‐296‐5p and USF1 on tumour growth were further confirmed using xenograft model. LncRNA ZFAS1 expression was relatively up‐regulated in tumour tissues and cells while miR‐296‐5p was significantly down‐regulated. Knockdown of ZFAS1 significantly suppressed tumour proliferation, migration, invasion and USF1 expression. Overexpressed miR‐296‐5p suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis. Knockdown of USF1 inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis and xenograft tumour growth. In conclusion, ZFAS1 might promote cholangiocarcinoma proliferation and metastasis by modulating USF1 via miR‐296‐5p.
Prediction of the Flow Response of a Turbulent Flame to Acoustic Pertubations Based on Mean Flow Resolvent Analysis
Authors: Kaiser Thomas Ludwig , Lesshafft Lutz , Oberleithner Kilian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Resolvent analysis is applied to a nonreacting and a reacting swirled jet flow. Time-averaged flows as input for the resolvent analysis and validation for the results of the resolvent analysis are obtained by experiments. We show that in the nonreacting (cold) flow case, the resolvent analysis is capable of predicting the hydrodynamic response to upstream harmonic acoustic forcing if the flow shows low-rank behavior. This is the case for low and moderate acoustic forcing amplitudes. Even for very strong acoustic velocity amplitudes that are of the same order of magnitude as the flow velocity, the resolvent analysis still provides reasonable results. The method also yields very good results for the reacting flow in terms of velocity fluctuation and heat release response to the acoustic forcing. This confirms the idea that the resolvent method could be applied to estimate the flame transfer function (FTF) based on the mean flow and flame.
Experimental Study of the Precessing Vortex Core Impact on the Liquid Fuel Spray in a Gas Turbine Model Combustor
Authors: Renaud Antoine , Ducruix Sébastien , Zimmer Laurent 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Despite being good candidates for the reduction of pollutant emissions from gas turbines, burners operating in lean premixed prevaporized regimes often face stability issues and can be sensitive to perturbations. The swirling flow used to aerodynamically stabilize the flame can also lead to the appearance of a large-scale coherent flow structure known as the precessing vortex core (PVC). In this study, a swirl-stabilized combustor fed with liquid dodecane is studied at a globally lean operating condition with the help of high-speed diagnostics and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) as the main postprocessing method. It is shown that the trace of a PVC originating inside the injector is still present in the fuel spray at the entrance of the chamber even though the aerodynamical structure itself is not detectable anymore. The perturbation of the fuel spray is then transmitted to the flame through local equivalence ratio fluctuations. It is observed that the PVC trace on the spray and thus on the flame can be suppressed by air flow modulations generated by a siren device. The suppression of this trace is shown to come from a decay of the aerodynamical structure itself rather than by a change in fuel mixing or vaporization. Analysis of the characteristic frequency of the PVC shows a frequency spread indicating a loss of coherence of the structure with the high-amplitude air flow rate fluctuations.
Theoretical Modeling on Monitoring Left Ventricle Deformation Using Conformal Piezoelectric Sensors
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Lü Chaofeng , Lu Bingwei , Feng Xue , Wang Ji 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) volume is a crucial indicator for the assessment of the heart function. However, the current clinical practice cannot be used to monitor the LV volume continuously or warn patients with high risk in time before heart attack occurs in everyday life, resulting in high mortality and morbidity. Here, we theoretically validate the potentiality of a conformal real-time LV deformation-monitoring sensor using piezoelectric materials. The electromechanical relationship between the deformation of the hearts and output voltage signals of the sensors is demonstrated first. End-to-end displacements and deformations of piezoelectric films under cyclic load are derived from the output voltage signals and then compared with experimental values. Then, the real-time LV volumes of a pig and a cow are derived and compared by employing the experimental output voltage signals of the flexible sensor mounted on the LV surface. Finally, by employing the LV volume data of healthy people and patients with various heart diseases in the literature, the theoretical output voltage signals of flexile sensors when mounted on LV surface are calculated and compared. These predicted output voltage signals show significant differences for people with different kinds of cardiac diseases. The results in this study demonstrate that the conformal piezoelectric sensor is fully potential to continuously monitor the cardiac deformation and correspondingly provide timely warning for cardiologists and patients with heart diseases.
<p class="Body"><strong>Ori</strong><strong>batid mites<em> </em>(Acari, Oribatida) inhabiting termite nests in the Faan Meintjes Nature Reserve (South Africa) </strong></p>
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Hugo-Coetzee Elizabeth A. , Khaustov Alexander A. , Theron Pieter D. 
Published: September 2019

The present study is based on oribatid mite material (Acari, Oribatida) collected from nests of the termite Trinervitermes trinervoides(Isoptera, Termitidae) of the Faan Meintjes Nature The present study is based on oribatid mite material (Acari, Oribatida) collected from nests of the termite Trinervitermes trinervoides (Sjöstedt, 1911) (Isoptera, Termitidae) of the Faan Meintjes Nature Reserve in South Africa. A list of identified taxa, including nine species, eight genera and seven families, is presented. One new species is described; Saltatrichus louiseae sp. nov. (Zetomotrichidae) differs from all species of the genus by the long, thick interlamellar setae and setiform setae ft” on leg tarsi IV. Bipassalozetes bidactylus (Coggi, 1900) is recorded in the fauna of South Africa for the first time. The five species with the highest abundance and occurrence in nests were Coetzeella navalensis Ermilov, Hugo-Coetzee & Khaustov, 2017, B. bidactylus, S. louiseae sp. nov., Ausoribula bloemfonteinensis Ermilov, Hugo-Coetzee & Khaustov, 2017 and Transoribates agricola (Nakamura & Aoki, 1989). Remarks on variations of B. bidactylus and C. navalensis are given.
Visualizing the Complexity of the Athlete-Monitoring Cycle Through Principal-Component Analysis
Authors: Weaving Dan , Beggs Clive , Dalton-Barron Nicholas , Jones Ben , Abt Grant 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To discuss the use of principal-component analysis (PCA) as a dimension-reduction and visualization tool to assist in decision making and communication when analyzing complex multivariate data sets associated with the training of athletes. Conclusions: Using PCA, it is possible to transform a data matrix into a set of orthogonal composite variables called principal components (PCs), with each PC being a linear weighted combination of the observed variables and with all PCs uncorrelated to each other. The benefit of transforming the data using PCA is that the first few PCs generally capture the majority of the information (ie, variance) contained in the observed data, with the first PC accounting for the highest amount of variance and each subsequent PC capturing less of the total information. Consequently, through PCA, it is possible to visualize complex data sets containing multiple variables on simple 2D scatterplots without any great loss of information, thereby making it much easier to convey complex information to coaches. In the future, athlete-monitoring companies should integrate PCA into their client packages to better support practitioners trying to overcome the challenges associated with multivariate data analysis and interpretation. In the interim, the authors present here an overview of PCA and associated R code to assist practitioners working in the field to integrate PCA into their athlete-monitoring process.
What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes?
Authors: Gotts Jeffrey E , Jordt Sven-Eric , McConnell Rob , Tarran Robert 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are alternative, non-combustible tobacco products that generate an inhalable aerosol containing nicotine, flavors, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin. Vaping is now a multibillion dollar industry that appeals to current smokers, former smokers, and young people who have never smoked. E-cigarettes reached the market without either extensive preclinical toxicology testing or long term safety trials that would be required of conventional therapeutics or medical devices. Their effectiveness as a smoking cessation intervention, their impact at a population level, and whether they are less harmful than combustible tobacco products are highly controversial. Here, we review the evidence on the effects of e-cigarettes on respiratory health. Studies show measurable adverse biologic effects on organ and cellular health in humans, in animals, and in vitro. The effects of e-cigarettes have similarities to and important differences from those of cigarettes. Decades of chronic smoking are needed for development of lung diseases such as lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, so the population effects of e-cigarette use may not be apparent until the middle of this century. We conclude that current knowledge of these effects is insufficient to determine whether the respiratory health effects of e-cigarette are less than those of combustible tobacco products.
Thermodynamics of higher-order entropy corrected Schwarzschild–Beltrami–de Sitter black hole
Authors: Pourhassan B. , Farahani H. , Upadhyay S. 
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we consider higher-order correction of the entropy and study the thermodynamical properties of recently proposed Schwarzschild–Beltrami–de Sitter black hole, which is indeed an exact solution of Einstein equation with a positive cosmological constant. By using the corrected entropy and Hawking temperature, we extract some thermodynamical quantities like Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies and heat capacity. We also investigate the first and second laws of thermodynamics. We find that presence of higher-order corrections, which come from thermal fluctuations, may remove some instabilities of the black hole. Also unstable to stable phase transition is possible in presence of the first- and second-order corrections.
Complexity of unknotting of trivial 2-knots
Authors: Lishak Boris , Nabutovsky Alexander 
Published: September 2019

We construct a family of trivial [Formula: see text]-knots [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] such that the maximal complexity of [Formula: see text]-knots in any isotopy connecting [Formula: see text] with the standard unknot grows faster than a tower of exponentials of any fixed height of the complexity of [Formula: see text].Here, we can either construct [Formula: see text] as smooth embeddings and measure their complexity as the ropelength (a.k.a the crumpledness) or construct PL-knots [Formula: see text], consider isotopies through PL knots, and measure the complexity of a PL-knot as the minimal number of flat [Formula: see text]-simplices in its triangulation.These results contrast with the situation of classical knots in [Formula: see text], where every unknot can be untied through knots of complexity that is only polynomially higher than the complexity of the initial knot.
A computational fluid dynamics simulation of liquid swallowing by impaired pharyngeal motion: bolus pathway and pharyngeal residue
Authors: Ohta Jun , Ishida Shunichi , Kawase Tetsuaki , Katori Yukio , Imai Yohsuke 
Published: September 2019

Common practices to improve the ability to swallow include modifying physical properties of foods and changing the posture of patients. Here, we quantified the effects of the viscosity of a liquid bolus and patient posture on the bolus pathway and pharyngeal residue using a computational fluid dynamics simulation. We developed a computational model of an impaired pharyngeal motion with a low pharyngeal pressure and no pharyngeal adaptation. We varied viscosities from 0.002 to 1 Pa·s and postures from −15° to 30° (from nearly vertical to forward leaning). In the absence of pharyngeal adaptation, a honey-like liquid bolus caused pharyngeal residue, particularly in the case of forward-leaning postures. Although the bolus speed was different among viscosities, the final pathway was only slightly different. The shape, location, and tilting of the epiglottis effectively invited a bolus to two lateral pathways, suggesting a high robustness of the swallowing process. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Thickening agents are often used for patients with dysphagia. An increase in bolus viscosity not only reduces the risk of aspiration but also can cause a residual volume in the pharynx. Because information obtained from videofluoroscopic swallowing studies is only two-dimensional, measurement of pharyngeal residue is experimentally difficult. We successfully quantified the three-dimensional bolus pathway and the pharyngeal residual volume using computational modeling and simulation.
Correlation of Tumor Burden in Sentinel Lymph Nodes with Tumor Burden in Nonsentinel Lymph Nodes and Survival in Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Namikawa Kenjiro , Aung Phyu P. , Milton Denái R. , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Torres-Cabala Carlos A. , Curry Jonathan L. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Ivan Doina , Ross Merrick , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Prieto Victor G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
In patients with cutaneous melanoma, metastasis in a nonsentinel lymph node (non-SLN) is a strong independent adverse prognostic factor. However, patients with a tumor-involved SLN no longer routinely undergo completion lymph node dissection (CLND). We hypothesized that SLN tumor burden may predict non-SLN tumor burden.

Experimental Design:
We compared tumor burden parameters between SLN and non-SLN in patients with cutaneous melanoma who underwent SLN biopsy with a positive SLN during 2003 to 2008 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Results:
We identified 336 eligible patients with a positive SLN. Of these, 308 (92%) underwent CLND, and 35 (10%) had non-SLN metastasis. The median follow-up time was 6.0 years. For patients with maximum diameter of tumor in the SLN ≤2.0 mm, &gt;2.0–5.0 mm, and &gt;5.0 mm, non-SLN metastasis was detected in 5 of 200 patients (3%), 10 of 63 patients (16%), and 20 of 57 patients (35%), and the mean maximum diameters of the non-SLN tumor deposits were 0.09, 1.56, and 2.71 mm, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). The percentage of patients with both subcapsular and intraparenchymal non-SLN tumor was higher for patients with SLN tumor in both locations than for patients with SLN tumor in only one location (P &lt; 0.0001). Extranodal extension in a non-SLN was more common in patients with extranodal extension in an SLN (P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
In patients with cutaneous melanoma who undergo CLND, SLN tumor burden predicts non-SLN tumor burden. SLN tumor burden parameters provide accurate prognostic stratification independent of non-SLN status and should be considered for incorporation into future staging systems and integrated risk models.
Apolipoprotein AI) Promotes Atherosclerosis Regression in Diabetic Mice by Suppressing Myelopoiesis and Plaque Inflammation
Authors: Barrett Tessa J. , Distel Emilie , Murphy Andrew J. , Hu Jiyuan , Garshick Michael S. , Ogando Yoscar , Liu Jianhua , Vaisar Tomas , Heinecke Jay W. , Berger Jeffrey S. , Goldberg Ira J. , Fisher Edward A. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Despite robust cholesterol lowering, cardiovascular disease risk remains increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. Consistent with this, diabetes mellitus impairs atherosclerosis regression after cholesterol lowering in humans and mice. In mice, this is attributed in part to hyperglycemia-induced monocytosis, which increases monocyte entry into plaques despite cholesterol lowering. In addition, diabetes mellitus skews plaque macrophages toward an atherogenic inflammatory M1 phenotype instead of toward the atherosclerosis-resolving M2 state typical with cholesterol lowering. Functional high-density lipoprotein (HDL), typically low in patients with diabetes mellitus, reduces monocyte precursor proliferation in murine bone marrow and has anti-inflammatory effects on human and murine macrophages. Our study aimed to test whether raising functional HDL levels in diabetic mice prevents monocytosis, reduces the quantity and inflammation of plaque macrophages, and enhances atherosclerosis regression after cholesterol lowering.

Methods:

Aortic arches containing plaques developed in
Ldlr
−/−
mice were transplanted into either wild-type, diabetic wild-type, or diabetic mice transgenic for human apolipoprotein AI, which have elevated functional HDL. Recipient mice all had low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to promote plaque regression. After 2 weeks, plaques in recipient mouse aortic grafts were examined.

Results:
Diabetic wild-type mice had impaired atherosclerosis regression, which was normalized by raising HDL levels. This benefit was linked to suppressed hyperglycemia-driven myelopoiesis, monocytosis, and neutrophilia. Increased HDL improved cholesterol efflux from bone marrow progenitors, suppressing their proliferation and monocyte and neutrophil production capacity. In addition to reducing circulating monocytes available for recruitment into plaques, in the diabetic milieu, HDL suppressed the general recruitability of monocytes to inflammatory sites and promoted plaque macrophage polarization to the M2, atherosclerosis-resolving state. There was also a decrease in plaque neutrophil extracellular traps, which are atherogenic and increased by diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions:
Raising apolipoprotein AI and functional levels of HDL promotes multiple favorable changes in the production of monocytes and neutrophils and in the inflammatory environment of atherosclerotic plaques of diabetic mice after cholesterol lowering and may represent a novel approach to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in people with diabetes mellitus.