bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of orographic enhancement of precipitation in the Alpine region
Authors: Napoli Anna , Crespi Alice , Ragone Francesco , Maugeri Maurizio , Pasquero Claudia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClimate change impacts are non uniformly distributed over the globe. Mountains have a peculiar response to large scale variations, documented by elevation gradients of surface temperature increase observed over many mountain ranges in the last decades. Significant changes of precipitation are expected in the changing climate and orographic effects are important in determining the amount of rainfall at a given location. It thus becomes particularly important to understand how orographic precipitation responds to global warming and to anthropogenic forcing. Here, using a large rain gauge dataset over the European Alpine region, we show that the distribution of annual precipitation among the lowlands and the mountains has varied over time, with an increase of the precipitation at the high elevations compared to the low elevations starting in the mid 20 century and peaking in the 1980s. The simultaneous increase and peak of anthropogenic aerosol load is discussed as a possible source for this interdecadal change. These results provide new insights to further our understanding and improve predictions of anthropic effects on mountain precipitations, which are fundamental for water security and management.
Distinct effects of Q925 mutation on intracellular and extracellular Na+ and K+ binding to the Na+, K+-ATPase
Authors: Nielsen Hang N. , Spontarelli Kerri , Holm Rikke , Andersen Jens Peter , Einholm Anja P. , Artigas Pablo , Vilsen Bente 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree Na+ sites are defined in the Na+-bound crystal structure of Na+, K+-ATPase. Sites I and II overlap with two K+ sites in the K+-bound structure, whereas site III is unique and Na+ specific. A glutamine in transmembrane helix M8 (Q925) appears from the crystal structures to coordinate Na+ at site III, but does not contribute to K+ coordination at sites I and II. Here we address the functional role of Q925 in the various conformational states of Na+, K+-ATPase by examining the mutants Q925A/G/E/N/L/I/Y. We characterized these mutants both enzymatically and electrophysiologically, thereby revealing their Na+ and K+ binding properties. Remarkably, Q925 substitutions had minor effects on Na+ binding from the intracellular side of the membrane – in fact, mutations Q925A and Q925G increased the apparent Na+ affinity – but caused dramatic reductions of the binding of K+ as well as Na+ from the extracellular side of the membrane. These results provide insight into the changes taking place in the Na+-binding sites, when they are transformed from intracellular- to extracellular-facing orientation in relation to the ion translocation process, and demonstrate the interaction between sites III and I and a possible gating function of Q925 in the release of Na+ at the extracellular side.
Possibility of Recycling SiOx Particles Collected at Silicon Ingot Production Process as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Kim So Yeun , Yang Cheol-Min , Lee Gyo Woo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecently, some studies have utilized silicon (Si) as an anode material of lithium ion battery by recycling Si from the slurry of wafer slicing dust. The filtration of Si particles condensed from Si vapors that were exhausted from the ingot growing furnace could propose another method of Si recycling. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using such collected silicon oxides (SiOx) particles as an anode material. After collecting SiOx particles, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS analysis, and charge/discharge test were carried out to investigate characteristics and usability of these particles. FE-SEM and FE-TEM images showed that these particles mainly consisted of spherical primary particles with a diameter of 10 nm or less. Agglomerates of these primary particles were larger than 300 nm in diameter. In TEM image and EDS analysis, crystalline particles were observed along with amorphous particles. As a result of XRD analysis, amorphous silica (SiO2) and crystalline Si were observed. Charge/discharge tests were carried out to determine the feasibility of using these particles as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. A cycle efficiency of 40.6% was obtained in the test in which the total number of charge/discharge cycle was 100 under the condition of C-rate 0.2 for the first three times and C-rate 1.0 for the remaining 97 times. Results showed that these collected particles could be used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Mixing brain cerebrosides with brain ceramides, cholesterol and phospholipids
Authors: González-Ramírez Emilio J. , Goñi Félix M. , Alonso Alicia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe properties of bilayers composed of pure brain cerebroside (bCrb) or of binary mixtures of bCrb with brain ceramide, cholesterol, egg phosphatidylcholine or brain sphingomyelin have been studied using a combination of physical techniques. Pure bCrb exhibits a rather narrow gel-fluid transition centred at ≈65 °C, with a half-width at half-height T1/2 ≈ 3 °C. bCrb mixes well with both fluid and gel phospholipids and ceramide, and it rigidifies bilayers of egg phosphatidylcholine or brain sphingomyelin when the latter are in the fluid state. Cholesterol markedly widens the bCrb gel-fluid transition, while decreasing the associated transition enthalpy, in the manner of cholesterol mixtures with saturated phosphatidylcholines, or sphingomyelins. Laurdan and DPH fluorescence indicate the formation of fluid ordered phases in the bCrb:cholesterol mixtures. Macroscopic phase separation of more and less fluid domains is observed in giant unilamellar vesicles consisting of bCrb:egg phosphatidylcholine or bCrb:sphingomyelin. Crb capacity to induce bilayer permeabilization or transbilayer (flip-flop) lipid motion is much lower than those of ceramides. The mixtures explored here contained mostly bCrb concentrations >50 mol%, mimicking the situation of cell membranes in Gaucher’s disease, or of the Crb-enriched microdomains proposed to exist in healthy cell plasma membranes.
Rhinovirus-induced IFNβ expression is NFκB-dependent and regulated by the macrophage microenvironment
Authors: Menzel Mandy , Kosinski Joakim , Uller Lena , Akbarshahi Hamid 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMacrophages play an important role in asthma pathogenesis both in the inflammatory and resolution phase of the disease. Macrophages can acquire different polarisation states dependent on their microenvironment. It is yet unclear through which mechanism the microenvironment affects the anti-viral response in macrophages. We hypothesized that the macrophage microenvironment regulates rhinovirus-induced IFNβ expression. Murine bone marrow-derived monocytes and human differentiated THP-1 cells were stimulated with M-CSF or GM-CSF and IFNγ or IL-4/IL-13, respectively, to mimic a Th1 or Th2 environment. Macrophages were infected with rhinovirus and gene and protein levels of IFNβ and pattern recognition receptor expression were measured. In subsequent experiments an IκB kinase inhibitor was used to study the involvement of NFκB. Both murine and human M1-like macrophages exhibited higher levels of IFNβ and pattern recognition receptors after rhinovirus infection than M2-like macrophages. Blockage of NFκB resulted in a lower expression of rhinovirus-induced IFNβ in human M1-like macrophages while inducing a higher expression in M2-like macrophages, suggesting that the interferon response towards viral infection was mediated by NFκB. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms causing reduced anti-viral responses at viral-induced exacerbations in asthma.
Preparation of Mesoporous Silica by Nonionic Surfactant Micelle–Templated Gelation of Na2SiO3 and H2SiF6 and Application as a Catalyst Carrier for the Partial Oxidation of CH4
Authors: Park Kyeong-Won , Kim Jin-Young , Seo Ho-Joon , Kwon Oh-Yun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMesoporous silica (MSPN12) was prepared by nonionic surfactant micelle–templated gelation of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and fluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) in aqueous solution, characterized by a range of instrumental techniques, and tested as a support for Ni and Rh catalysts in the partial oxidation of methane (POM). Calcined and sintered MSPN12 exhibited well-defined d00l-spacings (3.5–4.39 nm), narrow pore distributions (2.4–3.1 nm), and large specific surface areas (552–1,246 m2 g−1), and was found to be highly thermally stable. Microscopic imaging revealed that MSPN12 comprised spherical particles with a uniform diameter of ~0.7 µm, with each particle featuring firm and regular honeycomb-type pores. MSPN12-loaded Ni and Rh maintained stable POM activity at 700 °C during almost 100 h on stream, which were comparable to those for the commercial Rh(5)/Al2O3 catalyst in terms of methane conversion and H2 formation selectivity. Thus, the combination of structural stability and favorable physicochemical properties resulted in good POM performance.
Clinical Value of Lymph Node Ratio Integration with the 8th Edition of the UICC TNM Classification and 2015 ATA Risk Stratification Systems for Recurrence Prediction in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Lee Jandee , Lee Seul Gi , Kim Kwangsoon , Yim Seung Hyuk , Ryu Haengrang , Lee Cho Rok , Kang Sang Wook , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee-Hyun , Chung Woong Youn , Jo Young Suk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecently, the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification and the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) TNM staging system were released. This study was conducted to assess the clinical value of the lymph node ratio (LNR) as a predictor of recurrence when integrated with these newly released stratification systems, and to compare the predictive accuracy of the modified systems with that of the newly released systems. The optimal LNR threshold value for predicting papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) recurrence was 0.17857 using the Contal and O’Quigley method. The 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system with the LNR and the 2015 ATA risk stratification system with the LNR were significant predictors of recurrence. Furthermore, calculation of the proportion of variance explained (PVE), the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Harrell’s c index, and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) revealed that the 8th edition of the TNM staging system with the LNR, and the 2015 ATA risk stratification system with the LNR, showed the best predictive performance. Integration of the LNR with the TNM staging and the ATA risk stratification systems should improve prediction of recurrence in patients with PTC.
Association of ambient temperature with the outcomes in witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: a population-based observational study
Authors: Ahn Chiwon , Kim Jihoon , Kim Wonhee , Kim In Young , Choi Hyun Young , Kim Jae Guk , Kim Bongyoung , Moon Shinje , Shin Hyungoo , Lee Juncheol 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the association between ambient temperature (AT) and patient outcome of witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring outdoors. This retrospective nationwide, population-based cohort study recruited witnessed adult OHCA patients in South Korea from January 2012 to December 2016. Meteorological data of 17 metropolitan cities and provinces were retrieved from the Korea Meteorological Administration database. Primary outcome was sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in hospital. Secondary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. By the standard of quartile categories of AT (Q1 = 7.1 °C; Q2 = 17.7 °C; Q3 = 23.5 °C), three comparative analyses for ROSC and survival were performed between low and high AT groups. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed for both AT groups. Among the 142,906 OHCA patients, 1,295 were included. In the multivariate analysis for matched groups by the standard of 7.1 °C (Q1), proportion of ROSC was significantly higher in the high AT-Q1 group than in the low AT-Q1 group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–3.44). No significant difference in survival was shown between both AT-Q1 groups (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 0.61–2.52). In the standard of 17.7 °C (Q2) and 23.5 °C (Q3), no significant differences in ROSC and survival were found between the low and high AT groups. In conclusion, no obvious correlation existed between AT and patient outcomes such as sustained ROSC or survival to discharge in this study.
Colletotrichum shisoi sp. nov., an anthracnose pathogen of Perilla frutescens in Japan: molecular phylogenetic, morphological and genomic evidence
Authors: Gan P. , Tsushima A. , Hiroyama R. , Narusaka M. , Takano Y. , Narusaka Y. , Kawaradani M. , Damm U. , Shirasu K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpecies of the fungal genus Colletotrichum are among the most devastating pathogens of agricultural crops in the world. Based on DNA sequence data (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, ACT, TUB2) and morphology, we revealed Colletotrichum isolates infecting the oil crop Perilla frutescens, commonly known as shiso, to represent a previously unknown species of the C. destructivum species complex and described it as C. shisoi. We found that C. shisoi appears to be able to adopt a hemibiotrophic lifestyle, characterised by the formation of biotrophic hyphae followed by severe necrotic lesions on P. frutescens, but is less virulent on Arabidopsis, compared to its close relative C. higginsianum which also belongs to the C. destructivum species complex. The genome of C. shisoi was sequenced, annotated and its predicted proteome compared with four other Colletotrichum species. The predicted proteomes of C. shisoi and C. higginsianum, share many candidate effectors, which are small, secreted proteins that may contribute to infection. Interestingly, C. destructivum species complex-specific secreted proteins showed evidence of increased diversifying selection which may be related to their host specificities.
Function analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblasts differentiation
Authors: Liu Suxuan , Ke Wen , Liu Yang , Zhao Zhenzhen , An Lina , You Xiaohua , Yang Fan , Yang Xiangqun , Wang Guokun , Zhao Xianxian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Cardiac fibroblasts differentiation plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling and failure, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) had been identified as important regulators during cell differentiation. The aim of the present study was to screen the miRNAs involved in regulation of cardiac fibroblasts differentiation. Methods: The differentiation of rat cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts was induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Small RNA sequencing was then applied to detect the differentially expressed miRNAs. Results: A total of 450 known miRNAs were detected, and 127 putative novel miRNAs were predicted by miRDeep2 analysis. DEGseq analysis and qRT-PCR confirmed that 24 known miRNAs were differentially expressed in TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblasts, including three up-regulated miRNAs and 21 down-regulated miRNAs. After miRNAs target genes prediction by miRanda algorithm, pathway analysis showed that these potential target genes were involved in Calcium signaling pathway, Type II diabetes mellitus, and Glutamatergic synapse pathway, etc. Meanwhile, seven putative miRNAs were also detected differentially expressed during TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblasts differentiation. Conclusions: These differentially expressed miRNAs might play critical roles in cardiac fibroblasts differentiation. Altered expression of miRNAs may yield new insights into the underlying mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis and provide novel mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for cardiac fibrosis.
A novel benzoxazinone derivative YLT-LL-11 inhibits diffuse large B-cell lymphoma growth via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Peng Cuiting , Sun Changzhen , Wang Ningyu , He Yuanmin , Xu Jixiang , Deng Yongqiong , Gao Lanyang , Zhong Jianqiao , Xiong Xia , Liu Li 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) with high treatment difficulty and high relapse rate. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins play significant roles in supporting the transcription of known DLBCL oncogene MYC, which provides a way for the development of targeted therapeutic agents to address this kind of malignant tumor. Here, we reported a novel benzoxazinone derivative YLT-LL-11 as potential BRD4 inhibitor and further investigated the biological activities against DLBCL. The results suggested that YLT-LL-11 inhibited cell growth against a panel of human hematopoietic malignancies cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, flow cytometry and Western blotting assays showed that YLT-LL-11 inhibited the proliferation of a DLBCL cell line OCI-LY10 via inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest with regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) expression. Furthermore, YLT-LL-11 facilitated OCI-LY10 cell apoptosis by up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Taken together, these results revealed that BRD4 inhibitor YLT-LL-11 can down-regulate growth-associated transcription factors MYC in DLBCL thus resulted in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis.
Neuromedin B mediates IL-6 and COX-2 expression through NF-κB/P65 and AP-1/C-JUN activation in human primary myometrial cells
Authors: Zhu Texuan , Chen Jingfei , Zhao Yanhua , Zhang Jiejie , Peng Qiaozhen , Huang Jingrui , Luo Jiefeng , Zhang Weishe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeuromedin B (NMB) and its receptor regulate labor onset by mediating inflammatory factors; however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study is aimed to investigate the mechanisms of NMB-induced cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and interleukin (IL)-6 generation in human primary myometrial cells. The results indicated that NMB could increase phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor p65 (p65) and Jun proto-oncogene, activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor subunit (c-Jun), and in turn, markedly up-regulated the expression levels of COX-2 and IL-6. This up-regulation was significantly attenuated by knockdown of p65 or c-Jun, and enhanced by overexpression of p65 or c-Jun. Furthermore, we identified a potential interaction between p65 and c-Jun following NMB stimulation. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the amount of phosphorylated p65 and the levels of COX-2 and IL-6, and between the amount of phosphorylated c-Jun and COX-2 and IL-6 levels. These data suggested that NMB-induced COX-2 and IL-6 expression were mediated via p65 and c-Jun activation.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with long-term cognitive impairment in an animal sepsis model
Authors: Manfredini Andressa , Constantino Larissa , Pinto Milton Castro , Michels Monique , Burger Henrique , Kist Luiza W. , Silva Milena Carvalho , Gomes Lara Mezzari , Dominguini Diogo , Steckert Amanda , Simioni Carmen , Bogo Mauricio , Streck Emílio , Barichello Tatiana , de Quevedo João , Singer Mervyn , Ritter Cristiane , Dal-Pizzol Felipe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain long-term cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors. The role of persisting mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. We thus sought to determine whether stimulation of mitochondrial dynamics improves mitochondrial function and long-term cognitive impairment in an experimental model of sepsis.
Methods: Sepsis was induced in adult Wistar rats by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Animals received intracerebroventricular injections of either rosiglitazone (biogenesis activator), rilmenidine, rapamycin (autophagy activators), or n-saline (sham control) once a day on days 7–9 after the septic insult. Cognitive impairment was assessed by inhibitory avoidance and object recognition tests. Animals were killed 24 h, 3 and 10 days after sepsis with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex removed to determine mitochondrial function.
Results: Sepsis was associated with both acute (24 h) and late (10 days) brain mitochondrial dysfunction. Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and mitophagy were not up-regulated during these time points. Activation of biogenesis (rosiglitazone) or autophagy (rapamycin and rilmenidine) improved brain ATP levels and ex vivo oxygen consumption and the long-term cognitive impairment observed in sepsis survivors.
Conclusion: Long-term impairment of brain function is temporally related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Activators of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis could rescue animals from cognitive impairment.
Behavioral Hearing Thresholds and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Cannabis Smokers
Authors: Brumbach Samantha , Goodman Shawn S. , Baiduc Rachael R. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Cannabis is a widely used drug both medically and recreationally. The aim of this study was to determine if cannabis smoking is associated with changes in auditory function, as measured by behavioral hearing thresholds and/or distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).

Method

We investigated hearing thresholds and 2f
1
–f
2
DPOAEs in 20 cannabis smokers and 20 nonsmokers between 18 and 28 years old. Behavioral thresholds were obtained from 0.25 to 16 kHz. DPOAEs were measured using discrete tones between f
2
of 0.5 and 19.03 kHz using an f
2
/f
1
ratio of 1.22 and L
1
/L
2
= 65/55 dB SPL. Thresholds and DPOAE amplitudes were compared between groups using linear mixed-effects models with sex and frequency as predictors.

Results

Behavioral thresholds in smokers did not differ significantly between smokers and nonsmokers (all
p
s > .05). Although not significant, long-term smokers exhibited poorer thresholds than short-term smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers generally exhibited lower DPOAE amplitudes than nonsmokers, although the differences were not significant. Male smokers had significantly poorer DPOAE amplitudes than male nonsmokers in the low frequencies (f
2
≤ 2 kHz;
p =
.0245).

Conclusion
Results indicate that smoking cannabis may negatively alter the function of outer hair cells in young men. This subtle cochleopathology is evident in the absence of measurable differences in behavioral hearing thresholds between cannabis smokers and nonsmokers.