bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new species and new records of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from Algeria
Authors: SAIFI MOUNIR , DISNEY R. HENRY L. , DOUMANDJI SALAHEDDINE 
Published: June 2019

Among seven species caught at wild boar carcasses in Algeria Megaselia falsum Disney n. sp. is described and the hitherto unknown female of M. iberiensis Disney.
The Fall Speed Variability of Similarly Sized Ice Particle Aggregates
Authors: Schmitt Carl G. , Sulia Kara , Lebo Zachary J. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Przybyo Vanessa , Connolly Paul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe terminal velocity (Vt) of ice hydrometeors is of high importance to atmospheric modeling. Vt is governed by the physical characteristics of a hydrometeor, including mass and projected area, as well as environmental conditions. When liquid hydrometeors coalesce to form larger hydrometeors, the resulting hydrometeor can readily be characterized by its spherical or near-spherical shape. For ice hydrometeors, it is more complicated because of the variability of ice shapes possible in the atmosphere as well as the inherent randomness in the aggregation process, which leads to highly variable characteristics. The abundance of atmospheric processes affecting ice particle dimensional characteristics creates potential for highly variable Vt for ice particles that are predicted or measured to be of the “same size.” In this article we explore the variability of ice hydrometeor Vt both theoretically and through the use of experimental observations. Theoretically, the variability in Vt is investigated by analyzing the microphysical characteristics of randomly aggregated hexagonal shapes. The modeled dimensional characteristics are then compared to aircraft probe measurements to constrain the variability in atmospheric ice hydrometeor Vt. Results show that the spread in Vt can be represented with Gaussian distributions relative to a mean. Variability expressed as the full width at half maximum of the normalized Gaussian probability distribution function is around 20%, with somewhat higher values associated with larger particle sizes and warmer temperatures. Field campaigns where mostly convective clouds were sampled displayed low variability, while Arctic and midlatitude winter campaigns showed broader Vt spectra.
A Process-Based Climatological Evaluation of AIRS Level 3 Tropospheric Thermodynamics over the High-Latitude Arctic
Authors: Sedlar Joseph , Tjernström Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMeasurements from spaceborne sensors have the unique capacity to fill spatial and temporal gaps in ground-based atmospheric observing systems, especially over the Arctic, where long-term observing stations are limited to pan-Arctic landmasses and infrequent field campaigns. The AIRS level 3 (L3) daily averaged thermodynamic profile product is widely used for process understanding across the sparsely observed Arctic atmosphere. However, detailed investigations into the accuracy of the AIRS L3 thermodynamic profiles product using in situ observations over the high-latitude Arctic are lacking. To address this void, we compiled a wealth of radiosounding profiles from long-term Arctic land stations and included soundings from intensive icebreaker-based field campaigns. These are used to evaluate daily mean thermodynamic profiles from the AIRS L3 product so that the community can understand to what extent such data records can be applied in scientific studies. Results indicate that, while the mid- to upper-troposphere temperature and specific humidity are captured relatively well by AIRS, the lower troposphere is susceptible to specific seasonal, and even monthly, biases. These differences have a critical influence on the lower-tropospheric stability structure. The relatively coarse vertical resolution of the AIRS L3 product, together with infrared radiation through persistent low Arctic cloud layers, leads to artificial thermodynamic structures that fail to accurately represent the lower Arctic atmosphere. These thermodynamic errors are likely to introduce artificial errors in the boundary layer structure and analysis of associated physical processes.
Epidemiology Workforce Capacity in 27 Large Urban Health Departments in the United States, 2017
Authors: McGinty Meghan D. , Binkin Nancy , Arrazola Jessica , Israel Mia N. , Juliano Chrissie 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) has periodically assessed the epidemiological capacity of states since 2001, but the data do not reflect the total US epidemiology capacity. CSTE partnered with the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC) in 2017 to assess epidemiology capacity in large urban health departments. We described the epidemiology workforce capacity of large urban health departments in the United States and determined gaps in capacity among BCHC health departments. Methods: BCHC, in partnership with CSTE, modified the 2017 State Epidemiology Capacity Assessment for its 30 member departments. Topics in the assessment included epidemiology leadership, staffing, funding, capacity to perform 4 epidemiology-related Essential Public Health Services, salary ranges, hiring requirements, use of competencies, training needs, and job vacancies. Results: The 27 (90%) BCHC-member health departments that completed the assessment employed 1091 full-time equivalent epidemiologists. All or nearly all health departments provided epidemiology services for programs in infectious disease (n = 27), maternal and child health (n = 27), preparedness (n = 27), chronic diseases (n = 25), vital statistics (n = 25), and environmental health (n = 23). On average, funding for epidemiology activities came from local (47%), state (24%), and federal (27%) sources. Health departments reported needing a 40% increase from the current number of epidemiologists to achieve ideal epidemiology capacity. Twenty-five health departments reported substantial-to-full capacity to monitor health problems, 21 to diagnose health problems, 11 to conduct evaluations, and 9 to perform applied research. Conclusions: Strategies to meet 21st century challenges and increase substantial-to-full epidemiological capacity include seeking funds from nongovernmental sources, partnering with schools and programs of public health, and identifying creative solutions to hiring and retaining epidemiologists.
Effect of chronic variable stress on sensitization to amphetamine in high and low sucrose-consuming rats
Authors: Kõiv Kadri , Vares Marten , Kroon Cristina , Metelitsa Mait , Tiitsaar Kai , Laugus Karita , Jaako Külli , Harro Jaanus 
Published: June 2019

Background: Individual vulnerability to stress manifests in the interaction of innate properties and environment. There is a growing interest in the individual variability in vulnerability to stress and how it contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. Intake of palatable substances is often measured in animal models. We have previously demonstrated that the consumption of sucrose solution is a stable trait in rats. Aims: The present study aimed to compare the sensitivity of rats with high vs low liquid sucrose consumption to chronic variable stress and the stress effect on behavioural sensitization to amphetamine. Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to a chronic stress regimen and subsequent repeated treatment with amphetamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Fifty-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, locomotor activity and stereotypies were measured. Results: In no-stress baseline conditions, the behavioural response to acute amphetamine was similar in rats with high vs low sucrose consumption. Prior chronic stress potentiated the effect of amphetamine only in rats with high sucrose consumption. Behavioural sensitization to repeated administration of amphetamine was observed in non-stressed rats with lower sucrose preference, but not in the respective stressed group that had increased monoamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, in rats with high sucrose preference the amphetamine sensitization effect was prevalent in stressed rats, but not in non-stressed animals. Interpretation: Chronic stress can change the psychostimulant effect but this depends on the inherent reward sensitivity of the animal. Trait-wise, sucrose intake reflects vulnerability to chronic stress and may interact with the development of addiction.
Macroeconomic Policy in an Environmentally-Constrained Economy: A Dialectical Materialist Application of the Harrod Growth Model
Authors: Rosete Alfredo R.M. , Van den Berg Hendrik 
Published: June 2019

After the 2007 financial crisis, most macroeconomists advocated policies to restore economic growth, disregarding the constraints imposed by nature. Because standard macroeconomic models ignore environmental constraints, we propose reviving Harrod’s dynamic model as a useful abstraction of the dialectic of an evolving macroeconomy. Harrod’s model describes how environmental constraints can push the economy into recession, and it explains why traditional macroeconomic policies are unable to put a resource-constrained economy back on a full employment growth path. By clarifying the dialectic conflicts between desired economic growth and natural growth, Harrod’s model also reveals what types of policies can achieve full employment in a resource-constrained economy. JEL Classification: O44, E61, O41, P51
An exploratory study of dignity in dementia care
Authors: Huang Ya Chi , Lei Ruoh Lih , Lei Ruo Wan , Ibrahim Faizal 
Published: June 2019

Background: Generally, a person with dementia may be unable to make decisions by themselves and professionals may decide what is best for them. Unfortunately, in most cases, professionals assist a person with dementia to make decisions without clear explanation or consent. Whether a person with dementia possesses dignity in routine care is an important issue. Research objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of the healthcare professionals in providing dignified dementia care in Taiwan. Research design: A qualitative, hermeneutic-phenomenological approach was conducted. Participants: Participants were enrolled by purpose sampling. Researchers performed in-depth interviews to reveal the essential ingredient of dignity within dementia care in Taiwan. A total of 20 cases were enrolled to achieve data saturation. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the institutional review board. Before conducting the interview, interviewees provided informed consent. Findings: There were three themes and six categories that were addressed and constructed; within the themes, 23 Guidelines for Taiwan Dignified Dementia Care and 12 Principles for Dignified Dementia Care in Taiwan were developed. Discussion: From the data relating to dignity in dementia care, we can develop a more independent and dignified care environment to improve the quality of life of person with dementia in Taiwan. Conclusion: The results indicated that dignity within dementia care was constructed by the lived experience of the healthcare professionals, as well as affected by the culture of the organizations and society at the same time.
Insight and capacity to consent to electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Scott Russ , Prowacki Steve 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To critically examine a recent decision of the Victorian Supreme Court that found that the Mental Health Tribunal and the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal erred in the application of the capacity test in the Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic) and that compulsory electroconvulsive therapy would infringe upon the human rights of two patients who had no insight into their chronic schizophrenia. Conclusions: After considering the concepts of insight and capacity to consent to treatment, the paper concludes that the decision in NJE and PBU v Mental Health Tribunal [2018] VSC 564 is problematic clinically.
Is optical coherence tomography angiography helpful in the differential diagnosis of choroidal nevus versus melanoma?
Authors: Garcia-Arumi Fuste Claudia , Peralta Iturburu Federico , Garcia-Arumi Jose 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To describe the imaging features of choroidal nevus and melanoma using optical coherence tomography angiography, and evaluate the ability of this technique to establish the differential diagnosis based on the display of the tumor’s intrinsic vasculature. Methods: Comparative analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography findings in consecutive patients diagnosed with choroidal nevus or choroidal melanoma following a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity and several imaging studies: color fundus photography, B-scan ultrasound, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to investigate qualitative differences in the tumor vasculature. Results: Thirty-six eyes (18 cases of choroidal nevus and 18 cases of choroidal melanoma) from 36 consecutive patients were included in the study. Only cases located posterior to equator were included to enable performance of all tests. On optical coherence tomography angiography, choroidal nevus showed well-delimited margins (78%), hyperreflective choroid capillary vasculature (83%), fewer avascular areas (17%), and neovascular membrane in one case (6%). Choroidal melanoma showed imprecise margins (72%), hyporeflective choroidal capillary vasculature (72%), multiple avascular areas (78%), and choroidal vascular changes (e.g. thick vascular networks or vascular loops; 45%). Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography can provide useful information for assessing and differentiating between choroidal nevi and small melanomas. Significant differences between these conditions were found for the pattern of reflectivity, and presence/absence of avascular zones and vascular anomalies, which could be helpful for supporting the diagnosis.
An Overlapping Systems Conceptual Framework to Evaluate Implementation of a Behavioral Health Intervention for Justice–Involved Youth
Authors: Bowser Diana , Henry Brandy F , McCollister Kathryn E 
Published: June 2019

Background: Nearly 65% of justice–involved youth have a substance use and/or mental health disorder. Although evidence–based practices have been established for adolescents with co–occurring mental health and substance use disorders, these practices are not widely used in juvenile justice agencies due to environmental and organizational complexities. Methods: Our study builds on Juvenile Justice—Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ–TRIALS), a multi–site cooperative research initiative of juvenile justice and partnering behavioral health agencies. We also integrate state and county–level data to support broader assessment of key drivers of implementation success. Results: We present an economics/systems conceptual model describing how the environmental context, systems organization, and economic costs of implementation can affect implementation outcomes. Comparison of intervention condition (Core vs Enhanced) and pre–implementation costs (High vs Low) found differences in insurance reimbursements and types, as well as agency staffing characteristics. Discussion: Implementing new procedures or policies at a systems level must consider implementation outcomes in a broad context. Factors such as population demographics, primary care and behavioral health treatment capacity, unemployment rates, and public funding for treatment and other services are important in determining intervention success and sustainability.
Concurrent use of addictive substances among alcohol drinkers: Prevalence and problems in a Swedish general population sample
Authors: Ramstedt Mats 
Published: June 2019

Aims: To examine concurrent use of addictive substances among alcohol drinkers in the Swedish general population and to assess to what extent this increases the risk of alcohol problems. Methods: Data were retrieved from a nationally representative survey from 2013 on use of and problems related to alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs and non-prescribed use of analgesics and sedatives with 15,576 respondents. Alcohol users were divided into different groups on the basis of frequency of drinking overall and binge drinking. Tobacco use was measured in terms of daily use and use of illicit drugs and non-prescribed use of analgesics and sedatives were measured in terms of last 12 months prevalence. A dichotomous indicator of a DSM-IV dependence or abuse diagnosis was used. Logistic regression models were estimated to examine the relationship between various patterns of drinking in combination with other substance use and risk of alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Results: People who drink alcohol in Sweden were more likely to use other addictive substances than non-drinkers and such concurrent use becomes more common the more alcohol is consumed. Alcohol drinkers using other substances have a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence at all frequencies of drinking. Multivariate models controlling for sex, age and drinking frequency found that an elevated risk of harm remained for drinkers using addictive substances other than snuff. Conclusion: A large group of drinkers in the Swedish general population have an accumulation of risks as a result of using both alcohol and other addictive substances. Concurrent use of cigarettes, illicit drugs and non-prescribed use of analgesics and sedatives adds an independent risk of alcohol abuse/dependence in this group in addition to their drinking. The findings point at the importance of taking multiple substance-use patterns into account when combating drinking problems. Screening for concurrent use of other addictive substances could help healthcare providers to identify patients in need of treatment for alcohol problems.
Development of a clinically relevant chemoresistant mantle cell lymphoma cell culture model
Authors: He Jia , Hajj Khalid A , Knapp Christopher M , Whitehead Kathryn A 
Published: June 2019

Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that claims the lives of tens of thousands of people every year. Although combination chemotherapy treatments such as CHOP have yielded promising outcomes in the clinic, the development of chemoresistance in patients has limited their long-term success. The lack of in vitro chemoresistance models has limited our ability to understand the mechanisms by which cells develop resistance, and thus our ability to develop novel therapeutics to overcome this issue. Here, we describe the development of a clinically relevant chemoresistant mantle cell lymphoma model using the JeKo-1 cell line. This was achieved through a stepwise treatment selection strategy using gradually increasing concentrations of CHOP. We show that resistant JeKo-1 cells display strong recovery and fast proliferation after treatment with an IC50 dose of CHOP. We also found that resistant JeKo-1 cells overexpress three oncogenes implicated in the development of mantle cell lymphoma—Cyclin D1, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2—compared to normal JeKo-1 cells. We anticipate that in vitro models such as this one will enable the discovery of new therapeutic strategies for overcoming chemoresistance and improve clinical outcomes in mantle cell lymphoma patients. Impact statement Mantle cell lymphoma remains one of the deadliest subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, in large part because patients become resistant to frontline chemotherapy. The development of strategies to treat advanced disease will be contingent upon testing in appropriate models. Most in vitro models of resistant mantle cell lymphoma are laboratory grade models that do not recapitulate the low level of chemoresistance typically observed in patients, limiting their utility. This study develops a clinically relevant in vitro model that can be used to establish the mechanisms of resistance and test new therapeutics intended to treat recurrent disease.
Effects of cladribine tablets on lymphocyte subsets in patients with multiple sclerosis: an extended analysis of surface markers
Authors: Stuve Olaf , Soelberg Soerensen Per , Leist Thomas , Giovannoni Gavin , Hyvert Yann , Damian Doris , Dangond Fernando , Boschert Ursula 
Published: June 2019

Background: Cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg cumulative over 2 years (CT3.5) had significant clinical/imaging effects in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS; ORACLE-MS) or relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS; CLARITY and CLARITY Extension). This analysis compared the effect of cladribine tablets on the dynamics of immune cell reduction and reconstitution in ORACLE-MS, CLARITY, and CLARITY Extension during the first year of treatment (i.e. the first course of CT1.75) in patients randomized to CT3.5. Methods: Lymphocyte subtypes were analyzed using multiparameter flow cytometry. Changes in cell counts and relative proportions of lymphocytes were evaluated at weeks 5, 13, 24, and 48. Results: Across studies, consistent and comparable selective kinetics of immune cell populations occurred following the first treatment year with CT. A rapid reduction in CD16+/CD56+ cells (week 5 nadir), a more marked reduction in CD19+ B cells (week 13 nadir), and a less-pronounced effect on CD4+ (week 13 nadir) and CD8+ T cells (week 24 nadir) was shown. There was little effect on neutrophils or monocytes. Lymphocyte recovery began after treatment with CT3.5. Regarding relative proportions of naïve and memory T-cell subtypes in ORACLE-MS, the proportion of naïve-like naturally occurring T-regulatory cells (nTregs) decreased, and the proportion of memory-like nTregs increased, relative to total CD4+ T cells. Conclusions: CT3.5 has comparable effects on the immune systems of patients with CIS or RRMS. The pronounced reduction and recovery dynamics of CD19+ B cells and relative changes in the proportion of some immune cell subtypes may underlie the clinical effects of CT3.5.
Evidence for sex differences in morphological abnormalities in type I Chiari malformation
Authors: Houston James R , Allen Natalie J , Eppelheimer Maggie S , Bapuraj Jayapalli Rajiv , Biswas Dipankar , Allen Philip A , Vorster Sarel J , Luciano Mark G , Loth Francis 
Published: June 2019

Background and purpose Relatively little is known about the influence of individual difference variables on the presentation of macro-level brain morphology in type I Chiari malformation (CMI). The goal of the present study is to examine how case-control differences in Chiari are affected by patient sex. Materials and methods Patient-provided magnetic resonance images were acquired through the Chiari 1000 database. Twenty-four morphometric measurements were taken using mid-sagittal images of 104 participants (26 male CMI, 26 female CMI, 26 male controls, and 26 female controls) using internally developed and validated custom software, Morphpro. Case-control comparisons were conducted separately by sex using healthy controls matched by age and body mass index. Probability-based t-tests, effect sizes (Cohen's d), and confidence intervals were used to compare case-control differences separately by sex. Results Male and female case-control comparisons yielded largely the same trends of CMI-related morphometric abnormalities. Both groups yielded reductions in posterior cranial fossa (PCF) structure heights. However, there was evidence for greater PCF structure height reductions in male CMI patients as measured by Cohen's d. Conclusions Case-control differences indicated strong consistency in the morphometric abnormalities of CMI malformation in males and females. However, despite the higher prevalence rates of CMI in females, the results from the present study suggest that male morphometric abnormalities may be greater in magnitude. These findings also provide insight into the inconsistent findings from previous morphometric studies of CMI and emphasize the importance of controlling for individual differences when conducting case-control comparisons in CMI.