bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child awareness of and access to cigarettes: impacts of the point-of-sale display ban in England
Authors: Laverty Anthony A , Vamos Eszter Panna , Millett Christopher , Chang Kiara C-M , Filippidis Filippos T , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionEngland introduced a tobacco display ban for shops with >280 m2 floor area (‘partial ban’) in 2012, then a total ban in 2015. This study assessed whether these were linked to child awareness of and access to cigarettes.MethodsData come from the Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use survey, an annual survey of children aged 11–15 years for 2010–2014 and 2016. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed changes in having seen cigarettes on display, usual sources and ease of access to cigarettes in shopsResultsDuring the partial display ban in 2012, 89.9% of children reported seeing cigarettes on display in the last year, which was reduced to 86.0% in 2016 after the total ban (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.66). Reductions were similar in small shops (84.1% to 79.3%)%) and supermarkets (62.6% to 57.3%)%). Although the ban was associated with a reduction in the proportion of regular child smokers reporting that they bought cigarettes in shops (57.0% in 2010 to 39.8% in 2016), we did not find evidence of changes in perceived difficulty or being refused sale among those who still did.DiscussionTobacco point-of-sale display bans in England reduced the exposure of children to cigarettes in shops and coincided with a decrease in buying cigarettes in shops. However, children do not report increased difficulty in obtaining cigarettes from shops, highlighting the need for additional measures to tackle tobacco advertising, stronger enforcement of existing laws and measures such as licencing for tobacco retailers.
Properties and fracture splitting of cast steel matrix composites
Authors: Jiang Yinfang , Sha Deli , Wang Kewei , Qian Junkang 
Published: September 2018

To break through current limitations of fracture splitting materials for connecting rods, a bimetallic compound as a fracture splitting material was studied. The bimetallic sample was produced by investment casting, and interface performance tests and splitting tests were conducted. At a casting temperature of 1600 °C for 0.25 wt. % C cast carbon steel, the preheating temperature of T10A was 500 °C, and the thickness of T10A was in the range of 2–3 mm. The 0.25 wt. % C cast carbon steel and T10A were fully combined in the interface. The appearance of the fracture zone was a flat cleavage fracture, which would facilitate meshing of the cracked surface if the specimen were assembled and improve the quality of fracture splitting.
An Estrogen-Related Dietary Pattern and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Women with a Family History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Guinter Mark A. , Sandler Dale P. , McLain Alexander C. , Merchant Anwar T. , Steck Susan E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background: The results of previous studies on diet and postmenopausal breast cancer risk have been inconclusive, but there is some evidence that dietary patterns developed to correlate with estrogen levels are associated with breast cancer. We aimed to examine the association of a previously developed estrogen-related dietary pattern (ERDP) with postmenopausal breast cancer in the Sister Study.
Methods: The ERDP was calculated from food frequency questionnaire responses among Sister Study participants without a personal history of cancer and who contributed postmenopausal person-time at risk. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals for the association between the ERDP and postmenopausal breast cancer.
Results: With more than 261,959 person-years of follow-up and 1,968 incident cases, the ERDP was not associated with total, invasive, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive or ER-negative subtypes of breast cancer. Results were robust to various sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions: The results do not support previous studies observing a positive association between a proestrogenic dietary pattern and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Null results may be partially explained by high levels of other breast cancer risk factors within the study population, such as a family history of breast cancer.
Impact: An estrogen-related dietary pattern may not be a strong predictor of breast cancer risk in all populations. Future studies of diet and breast cancer should evaluate the potential for effect modification by family history and consider differences in dietary assessment tools when comparing results across study populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1223–6. ©2018 AACR.
Characterization of the Selective Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) Catalytic Inhibitor EOS200271/PF-06840003 Supports IDO1 as a Critical Resistance Mechanism to PD-(L)1 Blockade Therapy
Authors: Gomes Bruno , Driessens Gregory , Bartlett Derek , Cai Danying , Cauwenberghs Sandra , Crosignani Stefano , Dalvie Deepak , Denies Sofie , Dillon Christopher P. , Fantin Valeria R. , Guo Jie , Letellier Marie-Claire , Li Wenlin , Maegley Karen , Marillier Reece , Miller Nichol , Pirson Romain , Rabolli Virginie , Ray Chad , Streiner Nicole , Torti Vince R. , Tsaparikos Konstantinos , Van den Eynde Benoit J. , Wythes Martin , Yao Li-Chin , Zheng Xianxian , Tumang Joseph , Kraus Manfred 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTumors use indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) as a major mechanism to induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment. IDO1 expression is upregulated in many cancers and considered to be a resistance mechanism to immune checkpoint therapies. IDO1 is induced in response to inflammatory stimuli such as IFNγ and promotes immune tolerance by depleting tryptophan and producing tryptophan catabolites, including kynurenine, in the tumor microenvironment. This leads to effector T-cell anergy and enhanced Treg function through upregulation of FoxP3. As a nexus for the induction of key immunosuppressive mechanisms, IDO1 represents an important immunotherapeutic target in oncology. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the novel selective, orally bioavailable IDO1 inhibitor EOS200271/PF-06840003. It reversed IDO1-induced T-cell anergy in vitro. In mice carrying syngeneic tumor grafts, PF-06840003 reduced intratumoral kynurenine levels by over 80% and inhibited tumor growth both in monotherapy and, with an increased efficacy, in combination with antibodies blocking the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. We demonstrate that anti–PD-L1 therapy results in increased IDO1 metabolic activity thereby providing additional mechanistic rationale for combining PD-(L)1 blockade with IDO1 inhibition in cancer immunotherapies. Supported by these preclinical data and favorable predicted human pharmacokinetic properties of PF-06840003, a phase I open-label, multicenter clinical study (NCT02764151) has been initiated.
Augmentation of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect with Nitric Oxide–Generating Agents Improves the Therapeutic Effects of Nanomedicines
Authors: Islam Waliul , Fang Jun , Imamura Takahisa , Etrych Tomas , Subr Vladimir , Ulbrich Karel , Maeda Hiroshi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect–based nanomedicine is a promising strategy for successful anticancer therapy. The EPR effect is based on tumor blood flow. Because advanced large tumors, as frequently seen in clinical settings, are heterogeneous, with regions of defective vasculature and blood flow, achieving the desired tumor drug delivery is difficult. Here, we utilized the EPR effect to increase drug delivery. To augment the EPR effect for improved therapeutic effects of nanomedicine, we exploited vascular mediators—the nitric oxide (NO) generators nitroglycerin (NG), hydroxyurea, and l-arginine. These compounds generate NO in tumors with relatively high selectivity. Using different nanosized drugs in our protocol significantly increased (1.5–2 times) delivery of nanomedicines to different solid tumor models, along with markedly improving (2–3-fold) the antitumor effects of these drugs. Also, in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene–induced advanced end-stage breast cancer, often seen in clinical settings, 2 mg/kg polymer-conjugated pirarubicin (P-THP) with NG (0.2 mg/mouse) showed better effects than did 5 mg/kg P-THP, and 5 mg/kg P-THP used with NG resulted in cures or stable tumors (no tumor growth) for up to 120 days. Moreover, in a murine autochthonous azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer model, NO donors markedly improved the therapeutic effects of P-THP even after just one injection, results that were comparable with those achieved with three weekly P-THP treatments. These findings strongly suggest the potential usefulness of NO donors as EPR effect enhancers to improve the therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines.
Inês de Castro e a Doutrina-da-Ciência
Authors: Torres Filho Rubens Rodrigues 
Published: September 2018

1 Uma primeira versão deste artigo foi publicada na Folha de S. Paulo em 12 de junho de 1987. Tendo se tornado uma referência em estudos de literatura portuguesa, é aqui publicado com pequenas modificações e o acréscimo do texto do poema de Camões, no final. [NE]
Ideias estéticas e imaginação poética em Hölderlin
Authors: Vaccari Ulisses Razzante 
Published: September 2018

O presente texto procura investigar o projeto estético de Hölderlin anunciado numa carta a Neuffer como um texto sobre ideias estéticas. A declaração, da mesma carta, de que o ensaio de Schiller Sobre graça e dignidade, apesar de não ter dado o necessário passo além do limite kantiano, teria apontado o caminho certo, servirá como fio condutor da presente investigação, cujo objetivo final é fornecer umainterpretação do fragmento Sobre a lei da liberdade, em que o poeta desenvolve uma fundamentação filosófica da imaginação poética.
David Hume e o “curioso ajuste das causas finais”
Authors: Salles Fernão de Oliveira 
Published: September 2018

Trata-se, em primeiro lugar, de examinar a parte III dos Diálogos sobre a religião natural de David Hume e de indicar sua importância na economia interna da obra. Em segundo lugar, pretende-se propor uma explicação do texto da parte XII que permita tirar algumas conclusões acerca do estatuto da teleologia ao final dos Diálogos e na filosofia de Hume de modo geral.
A graça da virtude
Authors: Santos Leonardo Rennó Ribeiro 
Published: September 2018

Trata-se neste texto de oferecer um contrapeso, mediante o exame da noção de bela aparência, duas outras noções, fundamentais para a investigação kantiana sobre a natureza dos homens, quais sejam, as de intratabilidade humana, proveniente da Ideia de uma história universal de um ponto de vista cosmopolita, e de comensalidade, presente na primeira parte da Antropologia de um ponto de vista pragmático. Pretende-se com esta conjunção não só afirmar a continuidade entre ambos os textos, ditos marginais em relação ao corpus crítico, como também, e sobretudo, ressaltar a face aprazível do projeto moral kantiano.
Raízes filosóficas da noção de ordem nos fisiocratas
Authors: Monzani Luiz Roberto 
Published: September 2018

Trata-se de mostrar, como diz o título, em que medida anoção de ordem adotada pelos fisiocratas, em especial por Quesnay, tem pressupostos filosóficos nem sempre explícitos, porém importantes para compreender as doutrinas econômicas desses autores bem como a sua contribuição para as ditas ciências humanas.
Uma nova geração da teoria crítica
Authors: Bressiani Nathalie 
Published: September 2018

O artigo tem por objetivo oferecer uma perspectiva sobre a produção de certos teóricos, europeus e norte-americanos, cuja reflexão filosófica pode ser agrupada sob a alcunha de “teoria crítica”, dada a filiação mais ou menos direta, que eles mesmos reconhecem, com os herdeiros da Escola de Frankfurt – Habermas, Apel, Honnet. Trata-se de identificar as possibilidades e limites da tentativa de renovar essa tradição no quadro das atuais discussões filosófico-políticas.
Um oblívio de Kant
Authors: Cohn Danièle 
Published: September 2018

O presente texto foi publicado com o mesmo título – “Un oubli de Kant” – no livro da Profa. Danièle Cohn intitulado "L’Artiste, le vrai et le juste: sur l’esthétique des Lumières", Paris, Éditions Rue d’Ulm/Presses de l’École normale supérieure – musée du quai Branly, 2014. A presente tradução foi autorizada pela autora.
A Viagem à Itália e a estética goethiana
Authors: Maas Wilma Patricia 
Published: September 2018

Empreende-se aqui uma leitura de Viagem à Itália, de Goethe, menos como uma obra autobiográfica do que como uma das muitas narrativas enciclopédicas do autor, em que relatos de diferentes dicções e propósitos são reunidos sob motivos e sugestões comuns. Aqui, busca-se identificaresse fio condutor sob a recepção goethiana das formas, naturais e artísticas, trazidas pela experiência italiana.
Leaky brain in neurological and psychiatric disorders: Drivers and consequences
Authors: Morris Gerwyn , Fernandes Brisa S , Puri Basant K , Walker Adam J , Carvalho Andre F , Berk Michael 
Published: September 2018

Background:The blood–brain barrier acts as a highly regulated interface; its dysfunction may exacerbate, and perhaps initiate, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.Methods:In this narrative review, focussing on redox, inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways and their effects on the blood–brain barrier, a model is proposed detailing mechanisms which might explain how increases in blood–brain barrier permeability occur and can be maintained with increasing inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress being the initial drivers.Results:Peripheral inflammation, which is causatively implicated in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders, is associated with elevated peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn cause increased blood–brain barrier permeability. Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, play essential roles in normal brain capillary endothelial cell functioning; however, chronically elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to the blood–brain barrier. Activated microglia, redox control of which is mediated by nitric oxide synthases and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, secrete neurotoxic molecules such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin, cyclooxygenase-2, quinolinic acid, several chemokines (including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [CXCL-1] and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α]) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, which can exert a detrimental effect on blood–brain barrier integrity and function. Similarly, reactive astrocytes produce neurotoxic molecules such as prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can cause a ‘leaky brain’.Conclusion:Chronic inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress is associated with the development of a ‘leaky gut’. The following evidence-based approaches, which address the leaky gut and blood–brain barrier dysfunction, are suggested as potential therapeutic interventions for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: melatonin, statins, probiotics containing Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, N-acetylcysteine, and prebiotics containing fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides.
Anchoring and Adjustment in Uncertain Spatial Trajectory Prediction
Authors: Herdener Nathan , Clegg Benjamin A. , Wickens Christopher D. , Smith C. A. P. 
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of prior information on spatial prediction and understanding of variability. Background: In uncertain spatial prediction tasks, such as hurricane forecasting or planning search-and-rescue operations, decision makers must consider the most likely case and the distribution of possible outcomes. Base performance on these tasks is varied (and in the case of understanding the distribution, often poor). Humans must update mental models and predictions with new information, sometimes under cognitive workload. Method: In a spatial-trajectory prediction task, participants were anchored on accurate or inaccurate information, or not anchored, regarding the future behavior of an object (both average behavior and the variability). Subsequently, they predicted an object’s future location and estimated its likelihood at multiple locations. In a second experiment, participants repeated the process under varying levels of external cognitive workload. Results: Anchoring influenced understanding of most likely predicted location, with fairly rapid adjustment following inaccurate anchors. Increasing workload resulted in decreased overall performance and an impact on the adjustment component of the task. Overconfidence was present in all conditions. Conclusion: Prior information exerted short-term influence on spatial predictions. Cognitive load impaired users’ ability to effectively adjust to new information. Accurate graphical anchors did not improve user understanding of variability. Application: Prior briefings or forecasts about spatiotemporal trajectories affect decisions even in the face of initial contradictory information. To best support spatial prediction tasks, efforts also need to be made to separate extraneous load-causing tasks from the process of integrating new information. Implications are discussed.
An evaluation of a safety improvement intervention in care homes in England: a participatory qualitative study
Authors: Marshall Martin , Pfeifer Nadine , de Silva Debi , Wei Li , Anderson James , Cruickshank Lesley , Attreed-James Kieran , Shand Jenny 
Published: September 2018

Summary Objective A growing proportion of older people live in care homes and are at high risk of preventable harm. This study describes a participatory qualitative evaluation of a complex safety improvement intervention, comprising training, performance measurement and culture-change elements, on the safety of care provided for residents. Design A participatory qualitative study. Setting Ninety care homes in one geographical locality in southern England. Participants A purposeful sample of care home managers, front-line staff, residents, quality improvement facilitators and trainers, local government and health service commissioners, and an embedded researcher. Main outcome measures Changes in care home culture and work processes, assessed using documentary analysis, interviews, observations and surveys and analysed using a framework-based thematic approach. Results Participation in the programme appears to have led to changes in the value that staff place on resident safety and to changes in their working practices, in particular in relation to their desire to proactively manage resident risk and their willingness to use data to examine established practice. The results suggest that there is a high level of commitment among care home staff to address the problem of preventable harm. Mobilisation of this commitment appears to benefit from external facilitation and the introduction of new methods and tools. Conclusions An evidence-based approach to reducing preventable harm in care homes, comprising an intervention with both technical and social components, can lead to changes in staff priorities and practices which have the potential to improve outcomes for people who live in care homes.
Can microblogging information disclosure reduce stock price synchronicity? Evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Donghua , Zhao Yujie , Lin Philip T , Li Bin , Cheung Adrian (Waikong) 
Published: September 2018

We study the relationship between stock price synchronicity and information disclosure of firms listed in the Chinese stock market, using hand-collected data on firms’ official microblogging content in Sina Weibo, a popular microblogging service in China. We find that after controlling for the impact of traditional media, the number of Weibo tweets is related negatively to stock price synchronicity, indicating that stock prices incorporate firm-specific information disclosed in the firm’s official Weibo. Number of microblogging fans can strengthen this negative relationship. Our result is robust to alternative measures of stock price synchronicity, microblogging information disclosure, and to endogeneity issues. JEL Classification: G14, G15
Positive Impact of Technician-Driven MTM Program on Performance Measures
Authors: Moore Leslie D. , Smith Megan G. 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To determine the effect of using a technician-driven medication therapy management (MTM) program on quality performance measures for a community pharmacy chain. Methods: A technician-driven MTM program was incorporated in 35 stores of a regional supermarket pharmacy chain. The overall chain percentage score for the 4 quality measures used in Medicare Part D Star Ratings—proportion of days covered (PDC) for cholesterol, diabetes, renin–angiotensin system antagonists (RASA), and high-risk medication use—was compared pre- and postimplementation of the technician-driven MTM program. Data were collected from Electronic Quality Improvement Platform for Plans and Pharmacies (EQuIPP) platform and t tests were used to analyze 1 year pre- and postimplementation. Results: The PDC for RASA, high cholesterol medications, and diabetes medications significantly increased pre- to postimplementation for each drug class ( P < .001, P = .011, P = .001, respectively). The combined overall mean PDC score for RASA, cholesterol medications, and diabetes medication classes significantly increased by 5.6% from 2015 to 2016 (74.2% vs 79.8%, P < .001); there was also a nonsignificant decrease in high-risk medication use for the entire chain. Conclusions This technician-driven MTM program can positively affect pharmacy quality performance and potentially improve patient outcomes.