bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BASIC Training: A Pilot Study of Balance/Strengthening Exercises in Heart Failure
Authors: McGuire Rita , Honaker Julie , Pozehl Bunny , Hertzog Melody 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent balance and resistance training intervention on physical function, balance, and falls in older (≥65 years) community-dwelling heart failure (HF) patients.

Design
Randomized, two-group repeated-measures experimental design.

Methods
The intervention involved once weekly supervised group sessions with home sessions encouraged twice weekly. Focus groups held pre/post intervention. Outcome variables included measures of physical function, balance confidence, and falling risk.

Findings
In a sample size of 33, the Dynamic Gait Index change from baseline to 12 weeks was significantly different in the groups (p = .029). The number of reported falls declined from 0.92 to 0.54 per participant.

Conclusions
A supervised group session intervention can increase mobility and gait and reduce fall rate for HF patients.

Clinical Relevance
This study was designed to improve lower extremity strength, balance, and falls in elderly HF patients, thus reducing costs and improving quality of life for this population.
Early Results of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy With Loop Bipartition
Authors: Arslan Ergin , Sipahi Mesut , Banli Oktay 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
We evaluated early results of this new procedure of transit loop bipartition with sleeve gastrectomy (TLB-SG), making a comparison with transit bipartition with sleeve gastrectomy.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2017 and September 2017, 22 patients have undergone transit bipartition with sleeve gastrectomy or TLB-SG surgery in our clinic. Patients’ body mass index, excess body mass index loss, and HOMA-IR were calculated before and after the surgical operation. The values of c-peptide, HgA1C, insulin, blood sugar, albumin, Hg, urea, creatinine, calcium, total cholesterol, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and vitamin B12 were evaluated retrospectively.

Results:
Vitamin and mineral deficiency, malnutrition, and anemia were not observed in both groups during the follow-up process. The operation time was shorter in the TLB-SG operation. Both groups were found to be effective at the expected level in terms of weight loss, diabetes remission, and improvement.

Conclusions:
TLB-SG is a more effective and simpler method, becoming a candidate for being the most frequently performed surgical operation, in the field of metabolic surgery.
Two Biliary Cannulation Techniques for ERCP in Patients With Intradiverticular Papilla: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Huang Long , Yu Qing-sheng , Sun Kun 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To compare the effectiveness and complications of the different cannulation techniques for bile duct stones removal in patients with intradiverticular papilla.

Materials and Methods:
The records of 472 patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures for bile duct stones removal from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 42 patients with CBD stones were included in the study and data of included patients were collected retrospectively. The outcomes and complications of ERCP procedures were compared.

Results:
Of 42 ERCP procedures included in the study, patients were divided into Two-devices-in-one-channel group (n=20) and Endoclip group (n=22). The success rate of CBD cannulation at first attempt in Two-devices-in-one-channel and Endoclip groups was 85.0% (17/20) and 54.5% (12/22), respectively (P<0.05). The average time it took to cannulation in Endoclip group was much longer than that in Two-devices-in-one-channel Group (17.55±2.06 vs. 10.6±2.75 min, P<0.05). Overall complications occurred in 3 cases of Two-devices-in-one-channel group and in 4 cases of Endoclip group, respectively (15.0% vs. 18.2%, P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding the complications.

Conclusions:
Two-devices-in-one-channel and Endoclip techniques are both safe and effective for bile duct cannulation in patients with intradiverticular papilla.
Neuroimaging in epilepsy
Authors: Sidhu Meneka Kaur , Duncan John S. , Sander Josemir W. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
Epilepsy neuroimaging is important for detecting the seizure onset zone, predicting and preventing deficits from surgery and illuminating mechanisms of epileptogenesis. An aspiration is to integrate imaging and genetic biomarkers to enable personalized epilepsy treatments.

Recent findings
The ability to detect lesions, particularly focal cortical dysplasia and hippocampal sclerosis, is increased using ultra high-field imaging and postprocessing techniques such as automated volumetry, T2 relaxometry, voxel-based morphometry and surface-based techniques. Statistical analysis of PET and single photon emission computer tomography (STATISCOM) are superior to qualitative analysis alone in identifying focal abnormalities in MRI-negative patients. These methods have also been used to study mechanisms of epileptogenesis and pharmacoresistance.
Recent language fMRI studies aim to localize, and also lateralize language functions. Memory fMRI has been recommended to lateralize mnemonic function and predict outcome after surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Summary
Combinations of structural, functional and post-processing methods have been used in multimodal and machine learning models to improve the identification of the seizure onset zone and increase understanding of mechanisms underlying structural and functional aberrations in epilepsy.
Interactions between Viperin, IRAK1 andTRAF6 couple innate immune signaling to antiviral ribonucleotide synthesis
Authors: Dumbrepatil Arti B. , Ghosh Soumi , Patel Ayesha M. , Zegalia Kelcie A. , Malec Paige A. , Hoff J. Damon , Kennedy Robert T. , G Marsh E. Neil. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryViperin is a radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme that plays a multifaceted role in the cellular antiviral response. Viperin was recently shown to catalyze the SAM-dependent formation of 3′-deoxy-3′,4′-didehydro-CTP (ddhCTP), which inhibits some viral RNA polymerases. Viperin is also implicated in regulating K63-linked poly-ubiquitination of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1) by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 (TRAF6) as part of the Toll-like receptor-7 and 9 (TLR7/9) innate immune signaling pathways. We show that IRAK1 and TRAF6 activate viperin to efficiently catalyze the radical-mediated dehydration of CTP to ddhCTP. Furthermore, poly-ubiquitination of IRAK1 requires the association of viperin with IRAK1 and TRAF6. Poly-ubiquitination appears dependent on structural changes induced by SAM binding to viperin but doesnotrequire catalytically active viperin. The synergistic activation of viperin and IRAK1 provides a mechanism that couples innate immune signaling with the production of the antiviral nucleotide ddhCTP.
Emergence of a node-like population within an in vitro derived Neural Mesodermal Progenitors (NMPs) population
Authors: Edri Shlomit , Hayward Penelope , Jawaid Wajid , Arias Alfonso Martinez 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe mammalian embryos Caudal Lateral Epiblast (CLE) harbours bipotent progenitors, called Neural Mesodermal Progenitors (NMPs), that contribute to the spinal cord and the paraxial mesoderm throughout axial elongation. Here we performed a single cell analysis of different in vitro NMPs populations produced either from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) and compared them to E8.25 CLE mouse embryos. In our analysis of this region our findings challenge the notion that NMPs should coexpressSox2andT. We built a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based on the embryo CLE and use it as a classification model to analyse the in vitro NMP-like populations. We showed that ESCs derived NMPs are heterogeneous and contain few NMP-like cells, whereas EpiSCs derived NMPs, produce a high proportion of cells with the embryo NMP signature. Importantly, we found that the population from which the Epi-NMPs are derived in culture, contains a nodelike population, which is responsible for maintaining the expression ofTin vitro. These results mimic the events in vivo and suggest a sequence of events for the NMPs emergence.
Fragment-based screening identifies inhibitors of the ATPase activity and of hexamer formation of Cagα from the Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system
Authors: Arya Tarun , Oudouhou Flore , Casu Bastien , Bessette Benoit , Sygusch Jurgen , Baron Christian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractType IV secretion systems are membrane-bound multiprotein complexes that mediate the translocation of macromolecules across the bacterial cell envelope. In Helicobacter pylori a type IV secretion system is encoded by the cag pathogenicity island that encodes 27 Cag proteins and most of these are essential for bacterial virulence. We here present our work on the identification and characterization of inhibitors of Cagα, a hexameric ATPase and member of the family of VirB11-like proteins that is essential for translocation of the CagA cytotoxin into mammalian cells. We conducted fragment-based screening using a differential scanning fluorimetry assay and identified 16 molecules that stabilize the protein during thermal denaturation suggesting that they bind Cagα. Several of these molecules affect binding of ADP and four of them inhibit the ATPase enzyme activity of Cagα. Analysis of enzyme kinetics suggests that their mode of action is non-competitive, suggesting that they do not bind to the ATPase active site. Cross-linking analysis suggests that the active molecules change the conformation of the protein and gel filtration and transmission electron microscopy show that molecule 1G2 dissociates the Cagα hexamer. Analysis by X-ray crystallography reveals that molecule 1G2 binds at the interface between Cagα subunits. Addition of the molecule 1G2 inhibits the induction of interleukin-8 production in gastric cancer cells after co-incubation with H. pylori suggesting that it inhibits Cagα in vivo. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for the inhibition of the ATPase activity of VirB11-like proteins and the identified molecules have potential for the development into antivirulence drugs.
TheDrosophilaSWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes BAP and PBAP play separate roles in regulating growth and cell fate during regeneration
Authors: Tian Yuan , Smith-Bolton Rachel K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo regenerate, damaged tissue must heal the wound, regrow to the proper size, replace the correct cell types, and return to the normal gene-expression program. However, the mechanisms that temporally and spatially control the activation or repression of important genes during regeneration are not fully understood. To determine the role that chromatin modifiers play in regulating gene expression after tissue damage, we induced ablation inDrosophilaimaginal wing discs, and screened for chromatin regulators that are required for epithelial tissue regeneration. Here we show that many of these genes are indeed important for promoting or constraining regeneration. Specifically, the two SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes play distinct roles in regulating different aspects of regeneration. The PBAP complex regulates regenerative growth and developmental timing, and is required for the expression of JNK signaling targets and the growth promoterMyc. By contrast, the BAP complex ensures correct patterning and cell fate by stabilizing expression of the posterior geneengrailed. Thus, both SWI/SNF complexes are essential for proper gene expression during tissue regeneration, but they play distinct roles in regulating growth and cell fate.Summary statementDuring regeneration of theDrosophilawing disc, the SWI/SNF PBAP complex is required for regenerative growth and expression of JNK signaling targets, while the BAP complex maintains posterior cell fate.
Evolution of developmental plasticity by opposing dosage of signalling-modifying enzymes
Authors: Bui Linh T. , Ivers Nicholas A. , Ragsdale Erik J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPolyphenism, the extreme form of developmental plasticity, is the ability of a genotype to produce discrete morphologies matched to alternative environments. Because polyphenism is likely to be under switch-like molecular control, a comparative genetic approach could reveal the molecular targets of plasticity evolution. In the nematodePristionchus pacificus, which form two alternative feeding-morphs, the polyphenism threshold is set by relative dosage of two lineage-specific enzymes that respond to morph-inducing cues. One enzyme, the sulfotransferase SEUD-1, integrates an intercellular signalling mechanism at its ultimate target, the cells producing dimorphic mouthparts. Additionally, multiple alterations ofseud-1support it as a potential target for plasticity evolution. First, a recent duplication ofseud-1in a sister species reveals a direct correlation between genomic dosage and the polyphenism threshold. Second, laboratory selection on the polyphenism threshold resulted in changes in relative transcriptional dosage. Our study thus offers a genetic explanation for how plastic responses evolve.
Molecular dynamics simulation reveals that switchable combinations of β-sheets underlie the prion-like properties of α-synuclein amyloids
Authors: Otaki Hiroki , Taguchi Yuzuru , Nishida Noriyuki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiversity of prion strains is one of the most mysterious traits of prions because they are mere aggregates of abnormally-folded forms of single protein species, prion protein (PrPSc), without genome. Although the strain-specific properties are hypothesized to be enciphered in the strain-specific structures of PrPSc instead of nucleotide genome, specifically what structure can code the information remains an enigma due to the incompatibility of PrPSc with structural analyses. Although the strain diversity was regarded as unique to prions, recently other disease-associated amyloids of α-synuclein (αSyn) or tau are also reported to have “strains”. As detailed structures of αSyn amyloid are already identified and the properties of mutant αSyn associated with familial Parkinson’s diseases, e.g. A53T, H50Q, and G51D, have been characterized, structure-phenotype relations of this type of amyloid could be investigated by using the αSyn amyloid as a model. Here we intensively investigated the mutant αSyn amyloids by molecular dynamics simulation to characterize influences of mutations on the structures of homo- or hetero-oligomer stacks of the amyloid. The simulations revealed directionality of the amyloid stack, remote effects of the mutations on distant β-sheets, existence of at least two switchable interfaces/amyloid cores, and distinct effects of hetero-oligomerization depending on mutation types. Collectively, those findings implied a possible mechanism of the strain diversity of the amyloids which have multiple in-register parallel β-sheets side-by-side, and support the view that their prion-like properties are inherent in the characteristic structures. We expect that the notion is also applicable to PrPSc.
Proteomic Analysis of NRROS Interactome Reveals the Presence of Chaperones and Mediators of the ERAD Pathway
Authors: Noubade Rajkumar , Phung Qui , Phung Wilson , Verschueren Erik , Lau Laura , Konno Hiroyasu , Lill Jennie , Ouyang Wenjun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNegative regulator of reactive oxygen species (NRROS, previously called LRRC33) is a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain containing, ER-resident transmembrane protein expressed primarily in lymphoid organs, especially in myeloid cells. We have previously demonstrated that NRROS regulates reactive oxygen species production by phagocytic cells by mediating degradation of NOX2 (gp91phox), a component of NOX2 complex responsible for the oxidative burst in these cells. Since LRR is the only functional domain in NRROS, it is likely to interact with other proteins for its biological functions. Here, by performing immunoprecipitation of NRROS and mass spectrometric analysis, we describe the NRROS interactome in macrophages and demonstrate that NRROS interacts with molecular chaperones/co-chaperones and mediators of the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway such as calnexin, suggesting a broader role for NRROS in protein biosynthesis and the ER quality control machinery.
Replication of MERS and SARS coronaviruses in bat cells offers insights to their ancestral origins
Authors: Lau Susanna K. P. , Fan Rachel Y. Y. , Luk Hayes K. H. , Zhu Longchao , Fung Joshua , Li Kenneth S. M. , Wong Emily Y.M. , Ahmed Syed Shakeel , Chan Jasper F. W. , Kok Raven K. H. , Chan Kwok-Hung , Wernery Ulrich , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Woo Patrick C. Y. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTPrevious findings of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-related viruses in bats, and the ability ofTylonycteris-BatCoV HKU4 spike protein to utilize MERS-CoV receptor, human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 hDPP4, suggest a bat ancestral origin of MERS-CoV. We developed 12 primary bat cell lines from seven bat species, includingTylonycteris pachypus,Pipistrellus abramusandRhinolophus sinicus(hosts ofTylonycteris-BatCoV HKU4,Pipistrellus-BatCoV HKU5 and SARS-related-CoV respectively), and tested their susceptibilities to MERS-CoVs, SARS-CoV and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). Five cell lines, includingP. abramusandR. sinicusbut notT. pachypuscells, were susceptible to human MERS-CoV EMC/2012. However, three tested camel MERS-CoV strains showed different infectivities, with only two strains capable of infecting three and one cell lines respectively. SARS-CoV can only replicate inR. sinicuscells, while HCoV-229E cannot replicate in any bat cells. Bat dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) sequences were closely related to those of human and non-human primates but distinct from dromedary DPP4 sequence. Critical residues for binding to MERS-CoV spike protein were mostly conserved in bat DPP4. DPP4 was expressed in the five bat cells susceptible to MERS-CoV, with significantly higher mRNA expression levels than those in non-susceptible cells (P=0.0174), supporting that DPP4 expression is critical for MERS-CoV infection in bats. However, overexpression ofT. pachypusDPP4 failed to confer MERS-CoV susceptibility inT. pachypuscells, suggesting other cellular factors in determining viral replication. The broad cellular tropism of MERS-CoV should prompt further exploration of host diversity of related viruses to identify its ancestral origin.
Simultaneous CO2and CO methanation using microbes
Authors: Matthias Kohlmayer , Robert Huber , Raimund Brotsack , Wolfgang Mayer 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we developed a method for simultaneous bio-methanation of CO2and CO with H2in a single bioreactor using a combination of carboxydotrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea for industrial applications. Methanogenic archaea generally use H2and CO2to produce methane, whereas very few methanogenic archaea methanize CO, and these grow slowly and consequently produce low reactant gas turnover rates. Thus, to achieve fast and simultaneous transformation of CO and CO2, we identified a combination of carboxydotrophic and hydrogenogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea that can produce H2and CO2from CO, and then methanize CO2and H2. The present screening experiments identified carboxydotrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea that can cohabitate at the same thermophilic temperature and pH ranges and in the same growth medium. In these experiments, combinations ofCarboxydocella thermautotrophica(DSM 12326),Carboxydocella sporoproducens(DSM 16521), and three thermophilic rod-shaped methanogenic archaeal cultures from MicroPyros GmbH formed unique microbial co-cultures that transformed CO2, H2, and CO to methane. The successful combination of these microbes could be used to gasify biowastes, such as sewage sludge, as alternative sources of hydrogen for microbial power-to-gas processes. Accordingly, gasification under these conditions produced H2-rich gas containing CO2and CO, theoretically allowing various types of biowastes to be converted to biomethane, which is CO2-neutral, storable, and widely applicable as an energy source.
Correlation of invitro susceptibility based on MICs and SQLE mutations with clinical response to terbinafine in patients with tinea corporis/cruris
Authors: Khurana Ananta , Masih Aradhana , Chowdhary Anuradha , Sardana Kabir , Borker Sagar , Gupta Aastha , Gautam R K , Sharma P K , Jain Dhruv 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTRecalcitrant dermatophytoses are on the rise and recent publications have documented high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to TRB and squalene epoxidase (SQLE) mutations. However, literature correlating the laboratory the data with clinical response is lacking.This study was conducted to study the clinico-mycological profile of tinea corporis and cruris, including antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) and SQLE mutation analysis and correlate these with clinical response to TRB. Skin scrapings of patients with tinea corporis with/without tinea cruris were subjected to species identification, AFST and SQLE gene analysis (on 15 isolates). KOH confirmed cases were started on TRB 250mg once a day (OD). If >50% clinical clearance was achieved by 3 weeks; the same dose was continued.(Group 1). If clinical clearance at 3 weeks was <50%, the dose was increased to 250mg twice a day (BD) (Group 2). If the response still remained below 50% after 3 weeks of BD, the patients were treated with itraconazole (ITR)(Group 3). Trichophyton interdigitale was confirmed on all 64 isolates obtained on culture. Forty four (68.7%) isolates had high (≥1 μg/ml) MICs to TRB. Six isolates were found to have aminoacid substitution Leu393Phe in SQLE protein, while one had the substitution Phe397Leu. The difference in modal MICs to TRB between the 3 clinical response groups (1.5157μg/ml, 5.0396 μg/ml and 20.1587μg/ml respectively for group 1,2 and 3) was highly significant. Clinical response was achieved in 68% of those resistant by MIC data, and 42.8% of SQLE mutation harboring isolates, by increasing drug (TRB) exposure.We infer that TRB resistance in dermatophytes has reached alarming proportions in our patients. Though improved outcomes were achieved with higher drug exposure, with the high failure rate seen in the study, the case for shifting to another class of antifungals as first line agent against dermatophytoses is strong.
Oncogenic Wnt/STOP signaling regulates ribosome biogenesis in vivo
Authors: Madan Babita , Harmston Nathan , Nallan Gahyathiri , Montoya Alex , Faull Peter , Petretto Enrico , Virshup David M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractActivating mutations in the Wnt pathway drive a variety of cancers, but the specific targets and pathways activated by Wnt ligands are not fully understood. To bridge this knowledge gap, we performed a comprehensive time-course analysis of Wnt-dependent signaling pathways in an orthotopic model of Wnt-addicted pancreatic cancer, using a PORCN inhibitor currently in clinical trials, and validated key results in additional Wnt-addicted models. The analysis of temporal changes following Wnt withdrawal demonstrated direct and indirect regulation of >3,500 Wnt activated genes (23% of the transcriptome). Regulation was both transcriptional via Wnt/β-catenin, and through the modulation of protein abundance of important transcription factors including MYC via Wnt/STOP. Our study identifies a central role of Wnt /β-catenin and Wnt/STOP signaling in controlling ribosomal biogenesis, a key driver of cancer proliferation.