bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombose, Lungenembolie und Antikoagulation
Authors: Geisler Tobias , Stimpfle Fabian 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungHäufigste Ursache einer Lungenarterienembolie (LAE) ist eine venöse Thromboembolie in Folge einer tiefen Beinvenenthrombose (TBVT). Entsprechend der aktuellen
Leitlinien, ist bei TVBT oder LAE eine Antikoagulation für mindestens 3 Monate indiziert. In der initialen Phase nach Diagnosestellung kommen hierfür weiterhin
hauptsächlich Heparine zum Einsatz. In der Sekundärprävention werden Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) zunehmend durch die Nicht-Vitamin-K-Antagonisten oralen
Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) abgelöst. Vorteilhafte Eigenschaften der NOAKs im Vergleich zu VKA sind insbesondere das günstigere Sicherheitsprofil bezüglich
Blutungsereignisse aber auch eine weniger variable Pharmakokinetik und der schnelle Wirkungseintritt. Ob nach der akuten Phase zur Prävention eines Rezidivs die
Dauer der Antikoagulation verlängert werden soll, ist vor dem Hintergrund des individuellen Rezidiv- und Blutungsrisikos abzuwägen.
Diagnostic adequacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in patients with lymphadenopathy in a large cohort
Authors: Bansal Rinkesh , Choudhary Narendra , Patle Saurabh , Gupta Mahesh , Vashishtha Chitranshu , Kaur Gagandeep , Sarin Haimanti , Puri Rajesh 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims The role of endoscopic-ultrasound (EUS) guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in patients with lymphadenopathy in terms of diagnostic adequacy and safety in large population is not well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic adequacy and safety of EUS-FNA in patients with lymphadenopathy.
Patients and methods Retrospective study from October 2010 to September 2015 at tertiary care center in Delhi-NCR. We analyzed data from 1005 EUS- FNAs of lymph nodes.
Results The study cohort comprised 1005 lymph nodes in 865 patients; 68 % were males, mean age was 50 ± 14 years. Indications of FNA were to look for etiology of pyrexia of unknown origin or staging of malignancy mainly. FNA was taken from mediastinal nodes (n = 528, 52.5 %) and intra-abdominal nodes (n = 477, 47.5 %). Median size of nodes at long axis and short axis was 17 (12 – 25.7) and 10 (8 – 15) mm respectively. Adequate material by FNA was obtained in 92.8 % cases. The cytopathologic diagnosis were malignancy in 153 (15.2 %), granulomatous change in 452 (42 %), and reactive lymphadenopathy in 328 (35.6 %). There was statistically significant difference seen between groups with pathological and reactive lymph nodes regarding size at long and short axis, hypoechoic nature, well defined borders and presence of necrosis and calcification. Procedure-related adverse effects were encountered in 6 patients (0.8 %). Four patients had mild mucosal bleeding in chronic liver disease patients and two had mild hepatic encephalopathy related to sedation.
Conclusion EUS-FNA of lymph nodes has good diagnostic adequacy and safety.
Initial experience with a novel resection and plication (RAP) method for acid reflux: a pilot study
Authors: Benias Petros , D’Souza Lionel , Lan Gloria , Gluckman Craig , Inamdar Sumant , Trindade Arvind , Miller Larry , Carr-Locke David 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Current endoscopic therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) are limited by technical complexity, and/or cost. We sought to evaluate the success of a novel resection and plication (RAP) anti-reflux procedure.
Patients and methods RAP was performed on 10 patients with GERD refractory to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. RAP consists of semi-circumferential mucosectomy along with full-thickness plication of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and cardia. We assessed the technical success and safety as well as followed GERD-Health Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) scores and medication usage.
Results All patients underwent RAP without adverse events and were discharged on the same day. Only half of the patients required general anesthesia. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 24 months (median 9 months) and all patients had a significant improvement in their GERD-HRQL scores (P < 0.0001, 95 % CI 19.3 – 25.3). 8 of 10 eliminated their daily PPI dependence.
Conclusions The RAP method has potential as an effective anti-reflux option. Its main advantages include a short procedure time, simple approach using readily available equipment, and possible avoidance of general anesthesia.
Establishment of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic β-like cells in the mouse pancreas
Authors: Ma Haiting , Wert Katherine J. , Shvartsman Dmitry , Melton Douglas A. , Jaenisch Rudolf 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Autoimmune impairment of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreatic islet underlies pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The β-like cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells provide possible autologous cell replacement therapies for patients with T1D, and have been transplanted to various ectopic sites in rodents as therapeutic models. Here, we generated xenogeneic human pancreatic β-like cells in the mouse pancreas by orthotopic transplantation of stem cell-derived β-like cells into the pancreas of neonatal mice. This mouse model may provide an experimental system to study human pancreatic β cell biology and pathogenesis in vivo.
Media vs. reality
Authors: Guo Lei , Vu Hong Tien 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study advances agenda-setting theory by applying it to understand the media influence on the public’s perception of health issues. The longitudinal analysis compared news indices, public opinion polls, and reality indicators in the United States from 2001 to 2010. The results show that news media, especially print media, did have some agenda-setting effects on the public’s health priorities. However, the coverage had little to do with reality and, ironically, the media representation of certain health issues showed an opposite trend to that of the reality indicators. These findings call into question the responsibility of journalists in providing a complete and proportional representation of health concerns.
Maize Plant Resistance To Corn Earworm Larvae
Authors: Wiseman B. R. , Snook M. E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Silks from fiftythree maize plant introductions from the United States GermplasmMaize Project, a resistant (Zapalote Chico) and a susceptible (Stowells’ Evergreen sweetcorn) check mixed into a pinto bean diet were evaluated at Tifton, GA for resistance against larvae of the corn earworm. The experimen was arranged as a randomized complete bloc design with 30 replications. Silks that had emerged two days from maize grown in the field were excised to the eartip, oven dried at41° C for 10 days, ground with a Cyclotec 1093sample mill and mixed into pinto bean dietsat 50 mg/ml diet. Dietmixtures were dispensedinto plastic cups and 1 neonate corn earworm was placed in each diet cup. Ten gram of fresh silks of each entry was analyzed fo maysin content. Weight (mg) of larvae was recorded 8 days after infestation. Mean weight oflarvae and pupae, development time of larvae plus the standard error of the mean and percentage maysin content of fresh silks were recorded.
Efficient analysis of large-scale genome-wide data with two R packages: bigstatsr and bigsnpr
Authors: Privé Florian , Aschard Hugues , Ziyatdinov Andrey , Blum Michael G B 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMotivationGenome-wide datasets produced for association studies have dramatically increased in size over the past few years, with modern datasets commonly including millions of variants measured in dozens of thousands of individuals. This increase in data size is a major challenge severely slowing down genomic analyses, leading to some software becoming obsolete and researchers having limited access to diverse analysis tools.ResultsHere we present two R packages, bigstatsr and bigsnpr, allowing for the analysis of large scale genomic data to be performed within R. To address large data size, the packages use memory-mapping for accessing data matrices stored on disk instead of in RAM. To perform data pre-processing and data analysis, the packages integrate most of the tools that are commonly used, either through transparent system calls to existing software, or through updated or improved implementation of existing methods. In particular, the packages implement fast and accurate computations of principal component analysis and association studies, functions to remove single nucleotide polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium and algorithms to learn polygenic risk scores on millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms. We illustrate applications of the two R packages by analyzing a case–control genomic dataset for celiac disease, performing an association study and computing polygenic risk scores. Finally, we demonstrate the scalability of the R packages by analyzing a simulated genome-wide dataset including 500 000 individuals and 1 million markers on a single desktop computer.Availability and implementationhttps://privefl.github.io/bigstatsr/ and https://privefl.github.io/bigsnpr/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Me Time, or We Time? Age Differences in Motivation for Exercise
Authors: Steltenpohl Crystal N , Shuster Michael , Peist Eric , Pham Amber , Mikels Joseph A 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Increasing exercise continues to be an important health issue for both older and younger adults. Researchers have suggested several methods for increasing exercise motivation. Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) posits that people’s motivation shift from future-oriented instrumental goals to present-oriented emotionally meaningful goals as we age, which provides insight into how people’s motivations for exercise may differ for older versus younger adults. The aim of our study was to examine how exercise motivation differs for older versus younger adults.

Research Design and Methods
Older (greater than 59 years old) and younger (aged 18–26 years) adults participated in focus groups. They discussed exercise motivation (or lack thereof), motivators and barriers to exercise, and preferences about when, where, and with whom they exercise. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using direct content analysis and iterative categorization.

Results
Consistent with SST, younger adults generally preferred to exercise alone to achieve instrumental fitness goals, whereas older adults preferred to exercise with others. Additionally, older adults tend to consider peripheral others (e.g., strangers, acquaintances), as a positive rather than a negative influence.

Discussion and Implications
SST provides a framework for exploring age-related shifts in exercise motivation. Additionally, the positivity effect was reflected in how older adults evaluated the influence of peripheral others. Motivational messages could be tailored to increase health behavior changes by focusing on instrumental exercise goals for younger adults and exercise focused on meaningful relationships for older adults.
Nuclear decommissioning in Brazil and China: regulatory development, incompleteness and future synergy
Authors: Paim Maria-Augusta , Yang Chung-Han 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The law and regulation of nuclear infrastructure decommissioning is developing worldwide. At the international level, safety standards for the decommissioning process were established under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which also encourages international co-operation and gives expert advice for Member States’ projects. Advanced jurisdictions such as the UK, US and Japan have made substantial progress in the elaboration of national legislation covering issues related to the risks for safety and the environment.
This article aims at assessing the Brazilian and Chinese efforts, achievements and challenges in the establishment of national decommissioning legal regimes using the analytical lenses developed by probing into the strengths exhibited by selected advanced jurisdictions’ decommissioning regulations and experiences, in namely the UK, USA and Japan. As a result, the structural perspective developed enables the assessment of the effectiveness of the decommissioning framework of jurisdictions at an earlier stage. Brazil and China have just started to build their national decommissioning nuclear power plant regimes. Besides sharing a common nuclear power plant decommissioning regulatory momentum, both countries’ asymmetric capacities in the technology sector can be reciprocally combined to create a mutually beneficial relationship.
Frame me if you must: PrEP framing and the impact on adherence to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Ellorin Eric , Blumenthal Jill , Jain Sonia , Sun Xiaoying , Corado Katya , Dube Michael , Moore David , Morris Sheldon ,   the California Collaborative Treatment Group
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
“PrEP whore” has been used both as a pejorative by PrEP opponents in the gay community and, reactively, by PrEP advocates as a method to reclaim the label from stigmatization and “slut-shaming.” The actual prevalence and impact of such PrEP-directed stigma on adherence have been insufficiently studied.

Methods
CCTG 595 was a randomized controlled PrEP demonstration project in 398 HIV-uninfected MSM and transwomen. Intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels at weeks 12 and 48 were used as a continuous measure of adherence. At study visits, participants were asked to describe how they perceived others’ reactions to them being on PrEP. These perceptions were categorized a priori as either “positively framed,” “negatively framed,” or both. We used Wilcoxon rank-sum to determine the association between positive and negative framing and TFV-DP levels at weeks 12 and 48.

Results
By week 4, 29% of participants reported perceiving positive reactions from members of their social groups, 5% negative, and 6% both. Reporting decreased over 48 weeks, but positive reactions were consistently reported more than negative. At week 12, no differences in mean TFV-DP levels were observed in participants with positively-framed reactions compared with those reporting no outcome or only negatively-framed (1338 [IQR, 1036-1609] vs. 1281 [946-1489] fmol/punch, P = 0.17). Additionally, no differences were observed in those with negative reactions vs. those without (1209 [977–1427] vs. 1303 [964–1545], P = 0.58). At week 48, mean TFV-DP levels trended toward being higher among those that report any reaction, regardless if positive (1335 [909–1665] vs. 1179 [841–1455], P = 0.09) or negative (1377 [1054–1603] vs. 1192 [838–1486], P = 0.10) than those reporting no reaction. At week 48, 46% of participants reported experiencing some form of PrEP-directed judgment, 23% reported being called “PrEP whore,” and 21% avoiding disclosing PrEP use.

Conclusion
Over 48 weeks, nearly half of participants reported some form of judgment or stigmatization as a consequence of PrEP use. However, individuals more frequently perceived positively framed reactions to being on PrEP than negative. Importantly, long-term PrEP adherence does not appear to suffer as a result of negative PrEP framing.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
Assessment of T1 Slope Minus Cervical Lordosis and C2-7 Sagittal Vertical Axis Criteria of a Cervical Spine Deformity Classification System Using Long-Term Follow-up Data After Multilevel Posterior Cervical Fusion Surgery
Authors: Hyun Seung-Jae , Han Sanghyun , Kim Ki-Jeong , Jahng Tae-Ahn , Kim Hyun-Jib 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGOUND
Recently, previous research proposed a cervical spine deformity (CSD) classification using a modified Delphi approach. However, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and T1 slope minus C2-C7 lordosis (TS−CL) cut-off values for moderate and severe disability were based on expert opinion.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the validity of a CSD classification system.

METHODS
From 2007 to 2012, 30 consecutive patients with a minimum 5-yr follow-up having 3- or more level posterior cervical fusion met inclusion criteria. The following radiographic parameters were measured: C0-C2 lordosis, C2-C7 lordosis, C2-C7 SVA, T1 slope, and TS−CL. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between pairs of radiographic measures and health-related quality of life.

RESULTS
Average follow-up period was 7.3 yr. C2-C7 SVA positively correlated with neck disability index (NDI) scores (r = 0.554). Regression models predicted a threshold C2-C7 SVA value of 40.8 mm and 70.6 mm correlated with moderate and severe disability based on the NDI score, respectively. The TS−CL had positive correlation with C2-C7 SVA and NDI scores (r = 0.841 and r = 0.625, respectively). Regression analyses revealed that a C2-C7 SVA value of 40 mm and 70 mm corresponded to a TS−CL value of 20° and 25°, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Regression models predicted a threshold C2-C7 SVA (value of 40.8 mm and 70.6 mm) and TS−CL (value of 20° and 25°) correlated with moderate and severe disability based on the NDI, respectively. The cut-off value C2-C7 SVA and TS−CL modifier of the CSD classification can be revised accordingly.
Microsurgical Treatment of Bowhunter's Syndrome: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Agarwal Vijay , Barrow Daniel L 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present the case of a 56-yr-old previously healthy male who presented with an approximately 1-yr history of intermittent dizziness, near syncope, and holocephalic headaches when turning his head to the left side for a prolonged period of time. He had a distant history of a previous anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at the C6-7 level. He was neurologically intact. Static, dynamic, and vascular imaging confirmed hypoplasia of the right vertebral artery and dominance of the left vertebral artery that completely filled the posterior circulation. Dynamic imaging confirmed compression of the left vertebral artery just above the C5-6 disc space on full head rotation to the left. After an anterior cervical exposure, we dissected lateral to the C5-6 disc space to the transverse process. The anterior tubercle was identified, and a Doppler ultrasound was used to insonate the vertebral artery above the level of compression. The anterior wall of the transverse foramen was thinned with a high-speed drill under constant irrigation and Kerrison rongeurs used to expose the vertebral artery at the site of compression. Importantly, the fibrotic band at, above, and below the level of compression was also dissected and removed. The patient tolerated the procedure well, and was discharged from the hospital 2 d after surgery with no neurological deficits and with complete relief of his preoperative symptoms. Because his symptoms completely resolved and have not recurred, no postoperative imaging was performed. The etiology, presentation, and microsurgical treatment of this rare disease are discussed.
All appropriate patient consents were obtained for this submission.
© 2017 Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University Hospital. Used with permission.
All Figures used with permission as above.
OnTrack: development and feasibility of a smartphone app designed to predict and prevent dietary lapses
Authors: Forman Evan M , Goldstein Stephanie P , Zhang Fengqing , Evans Brittney C , Manasse Stephanie M , Butryn Meghan L , Juarascio Adrienne S , Abichandani Pramod , Martin Gerald J , Foster Gary D 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGiven that the overarching goal of weight loss programs is to remain adherent to a dietary prescription, specific moments of nonadherence known as “dietary lapses” can threaten weight control via the excess energy intake they represent and by provoking future lapses. Just-in-time adaptive interventions could be particularly useful in preventing dietary lapses because they use real-time data to generate interventions that are tailored and delivered at a moment computed to be of high risk for a lapse. To this end, we developed a smartphone application (app) called OnTrack that utilizes machine learning to predict dietary lapses and deliver a targeted intervention designed to prevent the lapse from occurring. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of OnTrack among weight loss program participants. An open trial was conducted to investigate subjective satisfaction, objective usage, algorithm performance, and changes in lapse frequency and weight loss among individuals (N = 43; 86% female; body mass index = 35.6 kg/m2) attempting to follow a structured online weight management plan for 8 weeks. Participants were adherent with app prompts to submit data, engaged with interventions, and reported high levels of satisfaction. Over the course of the study, participants averaged a 3.13% weight loss and experienced a reduction in unplanned lapses. OnTrack, the first Just-in-time adaptive intervention for dietary lapses was shown to be feasible and acceptable, and OnTrack users experienced weight loss and lapse reduction over the study period. These data provide the basis for further development and evaluation.
How to prevent food allergy during infancy: what has changed since 2013?
Authors: Lavery William J. , Assa’ad Amal 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies and emerging consensus guidelines regarding food allergy prevention in infants of the past 5 years.

Recent findings
Prior to 2013, the general consensus regarding prevention of food allergy in infants was to recommend delayed introduction or complete avoidance of commonly allergenic foods, such as milk, egg and peanut. However, in the past 5 years, several landmark studies have been conducted, particularly with peanut. The results of these studies have led to a paradigm shift from recommending delayed introduction to early introduction and frequent feeding of highly allergenic foods such as peanut, with hopes of achieving primary and secondary prevention of food allergy in infants.

Summary
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that early introduction and frequent feeding, rather than delayed introduction or complete avoidance, of commonly allergenic foods plays a critical role in preventing food allergy in infants. More studies are required to risk-stratify infants by personal and family atopic history to tailor guidelines for groups with inherently different risks. The universal acceptance of the guidelines and their application outcome are still to be determined.