bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of hurricanes and climate oscillations on annual variation in reproduction in wet forest, Puerto Rico
Authors: Zimmerman Jess K. , Hogan James Aaron , Nytch Christopher J. , Bithorn John E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInterannual changes in global climate and weather disturbances may influence reproduction in tropical forests. Phenomena such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are known to produce interannual variation in reproduction, as do severe storms such as hurricanes. Using stationary trap‐based phenology data collected fortnightly from 1993 to 2014 from a hurricane‐affected (1989 Hugo, 1998 Georges) subtropical wet forest in northeastern Puerto Rico, we conducted a time series analysis of flowering and seed production. We addressed (1) the degree to which interannual variation in flower and seed production was influenced by global climate drivers and time since hurricane disturbance, and (2) how long‐term trends in reproduction varied with plant lifeform. The seasonally de‐trended number of species in flower fluctuated over time while the number of species producing seed exhibited a declining trend, one that was particularly evident during the second half of the study period. Lagged El Niño indices and time series hurricane disturbance jointly influenced the trends in numbers of flowering and fruiting species, suggesting complex global influences on tropical forest reproduction with variable periodicities. Lag times affecting flowering tended to be longer than those affecting fruiting. Long‐term patterns of reproduction in individual lifeforms paralleled the community‐wide patterns, with most groups of lifeform exhibiting a long‐term decline in seed but not flower production. Exceptions were found for hemiepiphytes, small trees, and lianas whose seed reproduction increased and then declined over time. There was no long‐term increase in flower production as reported in other Neotropical sites.
Numerical Study on Periodic Structure Evolution of Output Power in MHD Generator by Using Pulse‐Assisted Ionization Discharge
Authors: YAMAZAKI YOSUKE , TAKAHASHI KAZUMASA , SASAKI TORU , KIKUCHI TAKASHI , HARADA NOB 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYA pulse‐assisted ionization discharge applied to a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator is proposed as a technique to increase an electrical conductivity of working fluid. In this study, a periodic structure of output power in the MHD generator by using pulse‐assisted ionization discharge was evaluated. As a result, the discharge electrode length and the velocity of working fluid affect the discharge current distribution. The periodic structure of output power was observed in the several conditions. When the velocity of working fluid is roughly same as the sound speed, the periodic structure of output power was not observed.
Apples Do Not Fall Far From Trees and Other Interesting Revelations as I Come to Age in Evaluation
Authors: Hopson Rodney 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRodney Hopson shares stories about the influence of his mother and other elders in shaping his life journey as an American man of African descent in the United States and beyond. He sees how his lived background, academic, and professional interests have helped him to ask probing and unanswered questions, especially building a culturally responsive evaluation approach that addresses social justice issues in programs and in our society. His case reflects on his life passions and pursuits in helping young people, including an early teaching experience in Namibia, southern Africa, where he found an ancestral home and his deep commitment to generating pipelines and pathways in the evaluation field. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20285/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Reflections From the Field
Authors: Mark Melvin M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMelvin M. Mark considers possible connections between his youthful informal evaluations and his professional interests in theory‐driven evaluation and contingent selection of evaluation methods. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20288/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
In Gratitude to Jim and Whit
Authors: Greene Jennifer C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractJennifer C. Greene relates stories about how she learned compassion for others and the importance of public education through watching her parents and participating in student protests during the 1960s. Then she learned about inquiry and discovered she could infuse these enduring commitments into evaluation practices conducted on behalf of others, especially those on society's margins. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20291/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
What Values Guide Your Life?
Authors: Van Mondfrans Adrian P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdrian P. Van Mondfrans identifies critical values associated with a lifelong goal of being educated. He learned these values as a child from his mother's expectations. And he learned through personal experience to apply these values to his own life and to advise others to apply them in their evaluations. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20292/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
It's Been a Great Ride
Authors: Datta Lois‐ellin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLois‐ellin Datta tracks her evolving views on and approach to evaluation from childhood experiences with family, through high school science and art interests, over graduate school, and into her experience directing the evaluation of Head Start in 1967. Her continuing fascination with science blends with a similar love for the arts, providing a balanced perspective that would benefit evaluators of all persuasions. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20295/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
My Entry to the Field
Authors: Cousins J. Bradley 
Published: April 2018

AbstractJ. Bradley Cousins traces some key advice from his mother and the example of his father through serendipitous encounters with mentors and work opportunities as instrumental in helping him develop a practical, utilization and problem‐solving orientation to the participatory evaluation approach he has used throughout his informal and professional evaluation life. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20297/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Evaluation as Adventure: Taking That Risk
Authors: Simons Helen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHelen Simons traces the values that underpin her preferred methodology of case study and democratic evaluation to the central values she gained from the land of her birth. She looks back to consider what early experiences may have influenced her deep commitment to these values and how they impacted on her professional world as a teacher, a psychologist, and an evaluator. Her interview transcript which was a stimulus for this article is here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20302/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Evaluator as Observant Outsider
Authors: Walker Rob 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRob Walker connects early experiences with authority to his view of himself as an observant outsider who uses associated perspectives and case study methods to enhance his evaluation practices and to invite others to reflect on ways to build on their positives. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20303/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Deciding for One or Deciding for Many
Authors: Glass Gene V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGene V. Glass gives examples from his personal and professional life to develop his point that although he uses rationality to persuade others to accept his evaluations, he believes most of his personal evaluations are based on emotions and responses to psychological stress. He believes that others too, if they are honest, will acknowledge that the unconscious outweighs data analysis in their personal evaluations. An important implication of these findings is that we ought to be aware of our own perceptions, interpretations, emotions, and deepest motivations and of ways we are allowing them to impact our evaluations in our personal lives as well as in our profession. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20305/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
A Premature Sense of Empathy and Responsibility
Authors: Bustelo María 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMaría Bustelo relates her family and cultural values to her approach to evaluating across different cultures. Being responsible and helping others take responsibility for their evaluations and through them has grown important to her. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20307/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Mineralogy and stable isotope constraints on the genesis of submarine volcanic‐hosted Beizhan iron deposit in the Western Tianshan, NW China
Authors: Yang Xiuqing , Liang Ting , Guo Xincheng , Zheng Yong , Zhou Yi , Chen Zhenghui 
Published: April 2018

The Carboniferous Beizhan iron deposit is the largest submarine volcanic‐hosted iron deposit in the Awulale Iron Metallogenic Belt of the Western Tianshan. The magnetite‐dominated orebodies occur as lensoid, veined, and stratiform shape in the Dahalajunshan Formation which was intruded by basic‐acid intrusions. Skarn and carbonatization alteration are well developed around the orebody. The genesis of iron mineralization in Beizhan remains controversial. The calculated δ18O values of magnetite using the fractionation factor correspond to (or higher than) the range of common magmatic waters, as well as the δ18O values of alteration minerals (4.0–7.6‰) and intrusions (3.1–8.3‰), indicating magnetite and alteration minerals precipitation from magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The δ34S values of sulphides (pyrite and pyrrhotite) range from 1.0‰ to 6.4‰, supporting a magmatic hydrothermal origin for sulphur. Meanwhile, the Pb isotope compositions of iron ores overlap that of altered rock and intrusions, and the 187Os/188Os ratio of iron ores range from 1.5835 to 2.8452, in accordance with that of intermediate‐acid intrusions (e.g., K‐feldspar granite porphyry and syenodiorite), suggestive of magmatic hydrothermal fluids involved in the mineralization process. Furthermore, the magnetite from the ores shows higher MgO and MnO contents and lower content of TiO2. Pyrite samples from the ores show >570 ppm Co and Co/Ni ratios between 2.53 and 4.23. These features strongly point to a magmatic hydrothermal origin. Combined with previous studies, we propose that the submarine volcanic‐hosted Beizhan iron deposit is analogous to a skarn origin, driven by late‐stage hydrothermal fluids which originated from intermediate‐acid intrusions in the immediate vicinity.
Predominant role of microglia in brain iron retention in Sanfilippo syndrome, a pediatric neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Puy Vincent , Darwiche Walaa , Trudel Stéphanie , Gomila Cathy , Lony Christelle , Puy Laurent , Lefebvre Thibaud , Vitry Sandrine , Boullier Agnès , Karim Zoubida , Ausseil Jérôme 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNeuroinflammation and iron accumulation are hallmarks of a variety of adult neurodegenerative diseases. In Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type III, MPSIII, a pediatric neurodegenerative disease that shares some features with adult neurodegenerative diseases), the progressive accumulation of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides (HSOs) induces microglia and astrocytes to produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines leading to severe neuroinflammation. The objectives of the present study were (1) to measure the local iron concentration and to assess iron metabolism in the brain of a MPSIIIB murine model and (2) to identify the brain cells involved in this accumulation. We found that iron accumulation in MPSIIIB mice primarily affected the cerebral cortex where hepcidin levels were higher than in wild‐type mice, and increased with aging. This increase was correlated with low expression of ferroportin 1 (FPN1), and thus brain iron retention. Moreover, we showed in vitro that HSOs are directly responsible for the production of hepcidin and the relative decrease in FPN1 expression when added to cultures of microglia and, to a lesser extent, to cultures of astrocytes. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in neurons. Hepcidin induction results from activation of the TLR4 pathway and STAT3 signaling, and leads to iron retention within microglia. Our results show that microglia have a key role in cerebral hepcidin overexpression and thus in the brain iron accumulation observed in the MPSIIIB model.
Cx3cr1‐deficiency exacerbates alpha‐synuclein‐A53T induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Castro‐Sánchez Sara , García‐Yagüe Ángel J. , López‐Royo Tresa , Casarejos Maria , Lanciego José Luis , Lastres‐Becker Isabel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and the accumulation of protein aggregates, called Lewy bodies, where the most abundant is alpha‐synuclein (α‐SYN). Mutations of the gene that codes for α‐SYN (SNCA), such as the A53T mutation, and duplications of the gene generate cases of PD with autosomal dominant inheritance. As a result of the association of inflammation with the neurodegeneration of PD, we analyzed whether overexpression of wild‐type α‐SYN (α‐SYNWT) or mutated α‐SYN (α‐SYNA53T) are involved in the neuronal dopaminergic loss and inflammation process, along with the role of the chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor (CX3CR1). We generated in vivo murine models overexpressing human α‐SYNWT or α‐SYNA53T in wild type (Cx3cr1+/+) or deficient (Cx3cr1–/–) mice for CX3CR1 using unilateral intracerebral injection of adeno‐associated viral vectors. No changes in CX3CL1 levels were observed by immunofluorescence or analysis by qRT‐PCR in this model. Interestingly, the expression α‐SYNWT induced dopaminergic neuronal death to a similar degree in both genotypes. However, the expression of α‐SYNA53T produced an exacerbated neurodegeneration, enhanced in the Cx3cr1–/– mice. This neurodegeneration was accompanied by an increase in neuroinflammation and microgliosis as well as the production of pro‐inflammatory markers, which were exacerbated in Cx3cr1–/– mice overexpressing α‐SYNA53T. Furthermore, we observed that in primary microglia CX3CR1 was a critical factor in the modulation of microglial dynamics in response to α‐SYNWT or α‐SYNA53T. Altogether, our study reveals that CX3CR1 plays an essential role in neuroinflammation induced by α‐SYNA53T.
Mass Shootings, Mental Illness, and Gun Control
Authors: Philpott‐Jones Sean 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the wake of the Stoneman Douglas School shooting, Republican and Democratic leaders—like the American electorate they represent—remain sharply divided in their responses to gun violence. They are united in their condemnation of these mass shootings, but they disagree about whether stricter or looser gun control laws are the answer. Those on the right side of the political aisle suggest that the issue is one of mental illness rather than gun control. Conversely, those who are more liberal or progressive in their political learnings are quick to condemn attempts to reframe the issue of mass shootings as a mental health problem. Both sides are wrong. Mass shootings are indeed partially a mental health problem, albeit one poorly addressed by our current laws and policies. But the solution to mass shootings also needs to consider strategies that may reduce gun violence in general.
Nudge or Grudge?Choice Architecture and Parental Decision‐Making
Authors: Blumenthal‐Barby Jennifer , Opel Douglas J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRichard Thaler and Cass Sunstein define a nudge as “any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people's behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives.” Much has been written about the ethics of nudging competent adult patients. Less has been written about the ethics of nudging surrogates’ decision‐making and how the ethical considerations and arguments in that context might differ. Even less has been written about nudging surrogate decision‐making in the context of pediatrics, despite fundamental differences that exist between the pediatric and adult contexts. Yet, as the field of behavioral economics matures and its insights become more established and well‐known, nudges will become more crafted, sophisticated, intentional, and targeted. Thus, the time is now for reflection and ethical analysis regarding the appropriateness of nudges in pediatrics.We argue that there is an even stronger ethical justification for nudging in parental decision‐making than with competent adult patients deciding for themselves. We give three main reasons in support of this: (1) child patients do not have autonomy that can be violated (a concern with some nudges), and nudging need not violate parental decision‐making authority; (2) nudging can help fulfill pediatric clinicians’ obligations to ensure parental decisions are in the child's interests, particularly in contexts where there is high certainty that a recommended intervention is low risk and of high benefit; and (3) nudging can relieve parents’ decisional burden regarding what is best for their child, particularly with decisions that have implications for public health.
Making Reproductive Choices in the Face of Genetic Uncertainty
Authors: Klipstein Sigal 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the engaging and thought‐provoking book The Gene Machine: How Genetic Technologies Are Changing the Way We Have Kids and the Kids We Have, Bonnie Rochman addresses the question of choice in human reproduction through the lens of knowledge. Asserting that the desire for knowledge is the central theme of modern‐day reproduction, she asks, “Is genetic knowledge empowering or fear‐inducing or both?” Yet the question at the heart of the book goes beyond knowledge. Rochman delves into whether genetic information is actionable and then examines the corollary question of whether individuals should make decisions based on this data. Do parents want to choose the kinds of kids they have? Certainly, most parents would do what they could to prevent their child from having a painful, life‐limiting disease. But that is the extreme. And while genetic technologies generally start by targeting the extreme, the inevitable byproduct is the ability to know about and affect the fringe. It is at the borders that the critical questions lie. Taking advantage of reproductive choices has potentially life‐altering and permanent consequences not only for the chooser but also for the resulting child, the family unit, and society.
Fetal Medicine and the Pregnant Woman
Authors: Wasserman David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn coming decades, fetal medicine may become a routine part of reproductive care. The measures pregnant women now take to protect fetal health are largely generic, like restricting their diets and using supplements. Relatively few interventions are based on specific conditions revealed by ultrasound or genetic testing. A recent finding, though, may herald a dramatic rise in “personalized” fetal medicine: certain drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration can apparently boost neural growth in fetuses with Down syndrome, improving cognitive functioning in the future child. Many more condition‐specific findings are likely in the near future. But as commentators have frequently observed about prenatal testing, technologies that appear to increase reproductive options also complicate and constrain them.
Optimal placement of a small order in a diffusive limit order book
Authors: Figueroa‐López José E. , Lee Hyoeun , Pasupathy Raghu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe study the optimal placement problem of a stock trader who wishes to clear his/her inventory by a predetermined time horizon t, using a limit order or a market order. For a diffusive market, we characterize the optimal limit order placement policy and analyze its behavior under different market conditions. In particular, we show that, in the presence of a negative drift, there exists a critical time t0 > 0 such that, for any time horizon t > t0, there exists an optimal placement, which, contrary to earlier work, is different from one that is placed “infinitesimally” close to the best ask, such as the best bid and second best bid. We also propose a simple method to approximate the critical time t0 and the optimal order placement.
Self‐collected Pap smears may provide an acceptable and effective method of cervical cancer screening
Authors: Singla Amita A. , Komesaroff Paul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsThe role of the Papanicolou (Pap) smear in the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer is well established. However, many women fail to undertake the test because of embarrassment or other reasons. To address this problem, we evaluated the feasibility of implementing self‐sampling of cervical cytology as an alternative to clinician‐collected Pap smears and compared it with the gold standard of colposcopy in terms of specificity.Materials and methodsA prospective preliminary study of 40 women recruited from the colposcopy clinic of a tertiary referral hospital was undertaken. Participants were instructed in the technique of self‐sampling and asked to collect their own Pap smears. Colposcopic examinations were performed and biopsies taken, if indicated. Clinician‐collected Pap smears were performed 4 weeks later. Pairwise agreement was calculated between the outcomes of self‐collected, colposcopic, and clinician‐collected samples using the weighted κ statistic.ResultsSelf‐collected Pap smear had a high level of acceptability among the women, all of whom were able to collect adequate tissue. The agreement of self‐collected Pap smears with colposcopic assessment was no worse than that of clinician‐collected Pap smears (Cohen's κ statistic 0.54 [95% CI, 0.27‐0.82]; cf 0.49 [0.2‐0.78], respectively). The specificity of self‐collected Pap smears was almost identical to that of clinician‐collected samples (specificity: 86% vs 81%, respectively). Direct comparison between patient and clinician collected Pap smears showed fair agreement (κ statistic 0.38 [0.07‐0.68]). There were no adverse events in either group.ConclusionsSelf‐collection of Pap smears is an effective and acceptable alternative to clinician‐collected samples and may provide a strategy for improving compliance with cervical testing programs.