bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and easiness of adherence to behavioural guidelines for diet and lifestyle changes for cholesterol‐lowering: the Increasing Adherence of Consumers to Diet & Lifestyle Changes to Lower (LDL) Cholesterol (ACT) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Magriplis E. , Sialvera T. E. , Papadopoulou A. , Efstathiou S. P. , Trautwein E. A. , Goumas G. , Dimakopoulos I. , Papavasiliou K. , Koutsouri A. , Zampelas A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to assess perceived effectiveness and easiness of behavioural diet and lifestyle changes related to dyslipidaemia given by physicians or dieticians as a result of diet and lifestyle modifications being difficult to maintain.MethodsOne‐hundred hypercholesterolaemic individuals were enrolled in a parallel, randomised 6‐week study. Fifty were advised by dietitians (dietitian group: DG) in six weekly face‐to‐face behavioural therapy sessions and 50 received standard advice from physicians (physician group: PG). All individuals were followed‐up for another 6 weeks under real‐life conditions. Questionnaires regarding perceived effectiveness, easiness of adhering, forecasted and actual adherence to specific cholesterol‐lowering advice were completed.ResultsScores of perceived effectiveness of advice for sufficient exercise, limiting saturated fat (SFA) intake, eating fish twice a week, consuming plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, and limiting salt intake different scientifically (all P < 0.05) in PG and DG between study phases. Scores of the individuals' perception of effectiveness at all study phases were higher in the DG compared to PG for sufficient exercise, limiting SFA intake, eating fish twice a week, eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, and limiting salt intake, whereas scores of easiness were significant only for fish consumption (P = 0.008) and using foods with added plant sterols (all P < 0.05). DG and PG significantly differed in forecasted (week 6) versus actual adherence (week 12) to various chances, with DG reporting higher adherence.ConclusionsLifestyle and dietary changes related to dyslipidaemia can be achieved with continuous education, monitoring and follow‐ups by dieticians, as well as potentially other trained healthcare professionals.
Anxiety‐associated and separation distress‐associated behaviours in Angelman syndrome
Authors: Wheeler A. C. , Okoniewski K. C. , Wylie A. , DeRamus M. , Hiruma L. S. , Toth D. , Christian R. B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety is considered a ‘frequent’ feature in the clinical criteria for Angelman syndrome; however, the nature and severity of anxiety symptoms have not been well characterised in this population. Anxiety behaviours, especially in response to separation from a preferred caregiver, have been described clinically but have not yet been explored empirically.MethodThis study used a combination of standardised and clinician‐derived survey items to assess the frequency, nature and severity of behaviours associated with anxiety and separation distress in 100 individuals with Angelman syndrome. Family (e.g. income and maternal education) and individual (e.g. age, sex, genetic subtype, sleep difficulties and aggressive behaviours) variables were also gathered to assess possible predictors of higher anxiety levels. Approximately half of the sample was seen in clinic and assessed with standardised measures of development and daily functioning, allowing for an additional exploration of the association between anxiety symptoms and extent of cognitive impairment.ResultsAnxiety concerns were reported in 40% of the sample, almost 70% were reported to have a preferred caregiver and over half displayed distress when separated from that caregiver. Individuals with the deletion subtype and individuals who are younger were less likely to have anxiety behaviours. Sleep difficulties and aggressive behaviour consistently significantly predicted total anxiety, the latter suggesting a need for future studies to tease apart differences between anxiety and aggression or anger in this population.ConclusionsAnxiety concerns, especially separation distress, are common in individuals with Angelman syndrome and represent an area of unmet need for this population.
Inverse correlation between Naa10p and Pirh2 expression and the combined prognostic value in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Zheng Jun , Wang Fazhan , Yang Yongyong , Xu Jiang , Yang Jinhua , Wang Keying , Liu Yuhao , Du Gang , Zeng Yan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to explore the associations between N‐α‐acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) and p53‐induced protein with a RING‐H2 domain (Pirh2) expression and clinicopathological characteristics in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed to detect Naa10p and Pirh2 levels containing 118 OSCC specimens, and additional analyses were used to determine correlations between Naa10p and Pirh2 expressions, generate survival curves, and perform univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Further, quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blot were employed to examine Naa10p and Pirh2 expression level in OSCC patients' samples. We further validated the result using RNAseq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and mRNA array data from GSE31056 and GSE30784.ResultsNaa10p and Pirh2 are overexpression, and the protein level of Naa10p was negatively correlated with that of Pirh2 in OSCC tissues. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that positive Naa10p expression and negative Pirh2 expression were both independent good prognostic factors for OSCC patients. Furthermore, the Naa10p‐positive/Pirh2‐negative group has the best prognosis among all OSCC patients. Results from qRT‐PCR showed the higher expression level of Naa10 and lower expression level of Pirh2 in tumor tissues than adjacent normal tissues. TCGA database and data from GSE31056 and GSE30784 showed the similar result. The correlation analysis showed that the mRNA level of Naa10 was negatively correlated that of Pirh2.ConclusionThe expression of Naa10p is negatively correlated with that of Pirh2, and positive Naa10p and negative Pirh2 might be independent biomarkers for better OSCC prognoses.
Safety and effectiveness of stoss therapy in children with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Tannous Paul , Fiscaletti Melissa , Wood Nicholas , Gunasekera Hasantha , Zurynski Yvonne , Biggin Andrew , Kilo Tatjana , Hayes Evan , Munns Craig 
Published: May 2019

AimPaediatric vitamin D (25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD)) deficiency can lead to nutritional rickets and extra‐skeletal complications. Compliance with daily therapy can be difficult, making high‐dose, short‐term vitamin D (stoss) therapy attractive to correct vitamin D deficiency. We compared the effectiveness and safety of standard versus stoss therapy in treating childhood 25OHD deficiency.MethodsChildren aged 2–16 years with 25OHD <50 nmol/L were randomised to either standard (5000 IU daily for 80 days) or stoss (100 000 IU weekly for 4 weeks) cholecalciferol. Participants underwent an evaluation of effectiveness and safety. The 25OHD level, random spot calcium: creatinine ratio (Ca:Cr) and compliance were measured at 12 weeks.ResultsA total of 151 children were enrolled in the study (68 standard and 83 stoss), median age 9 years (inter‐quartile range (IQR): 6–12 years). Baseline 25OHD levels were 26 nmol/L (IQR: 19–35 nmol/L) and 32 nmol/L (IQR: 24–39 nmol/L) in the standard and stoss groups, respectively. At 12 weeks, the median 25OHD level was significantly greater in the standard versus stoss group (81 vs. 67 nmol/L; P = 0.005); however, >80% of participants in both groups achieved sufficiency (25OHD > 50 nmol/L) and had normal urinary Ca:Cr, with no significant difference seen between groups. Compliance was similar in the two groups.ConclusionsCompared to stoss, standard therapy achieved higher 25OHD levels at 12 weeks; however, in both groups, there was a similar proportion of participants who achieved 25OHD sufficiency, with no evidence of toxicity. Unlike other studies, simplifying the treatment regimen did not improve compliance. These results support stoss therapy as an effective and safe alternative therapy for the treatment of paediatric vitamin D deficiency.
Identification of Alternaria tenuissima causing brown leaf spot on Paris polyphylla var. chinensis in China
Authors: Fu Rongtao , Chen Cheng , Wang Jian , Ke Yongxia , Lu Daihua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSevere brown leaf spot disease was observed on Paris polyphylla var. chinensis in Sichuan Province, China, in 2017 and 2018. The initial symptoms were many light‐brown small spots with necrotic centres, round or irregular in shape, becoming dark brown, gradually enlarging and eventually coalescing, causing extensive leaf senescence. A fungus was isolated from diseased leaves showing typical symptoms of brown leaf spot. The isolates were cultured on potato sucrose agar, and their morphological characteristics of the causal pathogen were observed under a light microscope. Pathogenicity tests revealed that this fungus was the causal pathogen of the disease. Molecular analyses of the sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RBP2) gene were conducted to confirm the identity of the pathogen. The multi‐gene phylogeny indicated that the causal agent was Alternaria tenuissima. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. tenuissima causing brown leaf sports on P. polyphylla var. chinensis in China.
Crude polysaccharide from a wild mushroom enhances immune response in murine macrophage cells by TLR/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Ghosh Sandipta , Khatua Somanjana , Acharya Krishnendu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
Mushroom crude polysaccharides offer a complete package of various medicinal activities. In this context, the present study aimed to unveil structural and biomedical properties of crude polysaccharide (MLHWP) obtained from an edible wild mushroom Macrocybe lobayensis (R. Heim) Pegler & Lodge.

Method
Chemical characterization was accomplished with the help of spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, HPTLC and GC-MS. Immunomodulatory activity of the crude polysaccharide and its signalling mechanism was assessed using RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was analysed based on radical scavenging, metal ion chelating and reducing effect.

Key findings
Compositional study revealed that MLHWP possessed triple helical structure and its backbone consisted of β-linked glucan along with xylose, rhamnose, mannose and galactose. Investigation on bioactive potency revealed that MLHWP augmented macrophage activity in terms of viability, phagocytosis, NO and ROS generation. Gene expression studies indicated that MLHWP signalled through TLR and modulated expression of immunomodulation-related genes including NF-κB, COX-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, iNOS and Iκ-βα. Besides, MLHWP displayed noticeable antioxidant potential as reflected in all investigating assays.

Conclusions
Overall, the results portrayed possibility of MLHWP as pharmaceutical agent with multidimensional application.
Rectus sheath single-injection blocks: a study to quantify local anaesthetic absorption using serial ultrasound measurements and lidocaine serum concentrations
Authors: Primrose Matthew , Al Nebaihi Hamdah , Brocks Dion R , Widder Sandy , Fairey Adrian , Tsui Ban , Dillane Derek , Green James S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Rectus sheath blocks are an established option for analgesia following abdominal surgery, but pharmacokinetic data are limited. This study sought to characterise the absorption of lidocaine injectate and the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine after rectus sheath injection.

Methods
Bilateral rectus sheath single-injection blocks were given to 10 patients undergoing general or urological surgery. Afterwards, serial lidocaine serum levels and ultrasound measurements of the rectus sheath injectate reservoir were collected.

Key findings
Injectate within the rectus sheath was visible with ultrasound up to 12 h after injection. However, the rate of drug absorption exceeded that of injectate disappearance. Peak serum concentration occurred within 30 min with average peak concentrations of 1.65 μg/ml. Lidocaine clearance was lower than reported in young healthy subjects. The body mass index positively correlated with lidocaine terminal phase half-life, and clearance negatively correlated with age.

Conclusions
The study provides the first data describing lidocaine pharmacokinetics after rectus sheath injection. Peak serum concentrations transiently achieved systemic levels associated with pain relief after a single bolus injection. The data from this study could be used to develop a regime using single shot rectus sheath blockade with a bolus of lidocaine followed by infusion using bilateral rectus sheath catheters.
Listerial mesenteric lymphadenitis in 3 cats
Authors: Fluen Thomas W. , Hardcastle Michael , Kiupel Matti , Baral Randolph M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundListeriosis is a rare disease in cats with naturally occurring cases usually being identified in individual animals. Listerial mesenteric lymphadenitis has not been described previously in cats.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical and histological features of listerial mesenteric lymphadenitis in cats as well as treatment outcome.AnimalsListerial mesenteric lymphadenitis was confirmed in 3 cats by histology, immunohistochemistry, and bacterial culture.ResultsThe affected cats were young to middle aged and were examined for various clinical signs. On both palpation and abdominal ultrasound examination, all cats had marked mesenteric lymphadenomegaly. Survival was prolonged in all 3 cases. Two of the 3 cats were fed a raw meat‐based diet before they developed clinical illness.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLymphadenitis caused by listeriosis has a protracted time course and should be a differential diagnosis for abdominal lymphadenopathy in young to middle‐aged cats. Feeding of a raw meat‐based diet may be a contributing factor for development of listeriosis in cats.
Parallel increases in grip strength in two species of Anolis lizards after a major hurricane on Dominica
Authors: Dufour C. M. S. , Donihue C. M. , Losos J. B. , Herrel A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA recent study showed that hurricanes can act as selective agents affecting the phenotype of anole populations subjected to these extreme climatic events. Specifically, Anolis lizards that survived hurricanes were shown to have larger toepads than those that did not. To test whether hurricanes more generally impact populations of Anolis lizards, we collected data on toepad size, lamella number and grip strength for two species of Anolis on the island of Dominica in 2018 and compared them with data collected in 2016 before Hurricane Maria devastated the island. Our results show that populations of both species showed higher clinging forces in 2018, consistent with our predictions that lizards that are better clingers would be more likely to survive hurricanes. Unexpectedly, the increase in clinging force was not accompanied by an increase in toepad size or lamella number, suggesting that the increase in clinging strength is more likely driven by changes at the level of the setae microstructure. While the mechanism driving this pattern cannot be determined until future before/after hurricane comparisons are made, our data provide further evidence that hurricanes may be a previously overlooked driver of form and function in Anolis lizards.
“Find that Balance:” The Impact of Cultural Consonance and Dissonance on Mental Health among Utah and Mormon Women
Authors: Dengah H. J. François , Bingham Thomas Elizabeth , Hawvermale Erica , Temple Essa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCultural consonance and religious participation are both associated with salutogenic mental health outcomes. Yet studies of religious and other cultural models must take into account multiple and conflicting cultural norms. In this article, we explore the consequences of trying to adhere to the oppositional cultural models of religious (Latter‐day Saint or Mormon) and secular American gender roles as perceived by college‐aged women at a Utah university. Using cultural consensus and cultural consonance analysis, we demonstrate that while conforming with one model may provide social and mental health benefits, striving for consonance with both results in increased perceived stress levels for Latter‐day Saints and nonmembers alike. Such cultural dissonance may be a contributing factor to the current mental health crisis among Utah youth. This work expands the theory of cultural consonance by examining it in the context of two incongruent lifestyles.
Key differences between severity of disciplinary issues and medical student insights
Authors: Burgess Raquel , Vanstone Meredith , Mountjoy Margo , Grierson Lawrence 
Published: May 2019

ContextThis study explores the reliability of tools designed to rate the type of remediable medical student offences, their severity, and the quality of student insight in response to the remediation, and tests the relationships between these three constructs.MethodsData were collected via retrospective appraisal of remediation files from the 2009–2016 incoming classes of McMaster University's medical programme. Across two studies, 12 faculty members categorised the offences by type (academic or professionalism), and rated severity and insight by way of single anchored Likert scales. In Study 1, Krippendorff's alpha and independent, two‐way, consistency type, average measures (k = 6), random‐effects inter‐rater reliability analyses were conducted to assess the inter‐rater reliability of ratings of the measures. In Study 2, independent samples t‐tests were conducted for the severity and insight measures as a function of offence type. Pearson correlations were used to assess the relationship between severity and insight as a function of offence type.ResultsHigh inter‐rater reliability was found with respect to the type of offence (α = 0.86), severity (0.92) and student insight (0.88). Mean (±standard deviation) ratings of severity are significantly higher for professionalism (4.37 ± 1.20) than academic offences (2.89 ± 1.25), t(73) = −5.3, p < 0.001, |d| = 1.21, whereas the opposite is true for ratings of insight, (professionalism, 3.19 ± 1.37; academic, 4.48 ± 1.01), t(73) = 4.6, p < 0.001, |d| = 1.07. Ratings of severity and insight are moderately negatively correlated for both academic (r = −0.64, p < 0.001, n = 38) and professionalism offences (r = −0.57, p < 0.001, n = 37).ConclusionsProfessionalism offences are perceived as more severe and are associated with lower insight than academic offences, pointing to the difficulty that learners face in assessing the constitution of a professionalism offence. This illustrates a need for deeper consideration about remedial strategies for lapses in professionalism.
Division plane placement in pleomorphic archaea is dynamically coupled to cell shape
Authors: Walsh James C. , Angstmann Christopher N. , Bisson‐Filho Alexandre W. , Garner Ethan C. , Duggin Iain G. , Curmi Paul M. G. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryOne mechanism for achieving accurate placement of the cell division machinery is via Turing patterns, where nonlinear molecular interactions spontaneously produce spatiotemporal concentration gradients. The resulting patterns are dictated by cell shape. For example, the Min system of Escherichia coli shows spatiotemporal oscillation between cell poles, leaving a mid‐cell zone for division. The universality of pattern‐forming mechanisms in divisome placement is currently unclear. We examined the location of the division plane in two pleomorphic archaea, Haloferax volcanii and Haloarcula japonica, and showed that it correlates with the predictions of Turing patterning. Time‐lapse analysis of H. volcanii shows that divisome locations after successive rounds of division are dynamically determined by daughter cell shape. For H. volcanii, we show that the location of DNA does not influence division plane location, ruling out nucleoid occlusion. Triangular cells provide a stringent test for Turing patterning, where there is a bifurcation in division plane orientation. For the two archaea examined, most triangular cells divide as predicted by a Turing mechanism; however, in some cases multiple division planes are observed resulting in cells dividing into three viable progeny. Our results suggest that the division site placement is consistent with a Turing patterning system in these archaea.
Written reports of adverse events in acute care—A discourse analysis
Authors: Gyberg Anna , Henoch Ingela , Lepp Margret , Wijk Helle , Ulin Kerstin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdverse health care events are a global public health issue despite major efforts, and they have been acknowledged as a complex concern. The aim of this study was to explore the construction of unsafe care using accounts of adverse events concerning the patient, as reported by patients, relatives, and health care professionals. Twenty‐nine adverse events reported in an acute care setting in a Swedish university hospital were analyzed through discourse analysis, where the construction of what was considered to be real and true in the descriptions of unsafe care was analyzed. In the written reports about unsafe events, the patient was spoken of in three different ways: (a) the patient as a presentation of physical signs, (b) the patient as suffering and vulnerable, and (c) the patient as unpredictable. When the patient's voice was subordinate to physical signs, this was described as being something that conflicted with patient safety. The conclusion was that the patient's voice might be the only sign available in the early stages of adverse events. Therefore, it is crucial for health care professionals to give importance to the patient's voice to prevent patients from harm and not unilaterally act only upon abnormal physical signs.
A facile in vivo procedure to analyze metabolic pathways in intact lichens
Authors: Kuhn Veronika , Geisberger Thomas , Huber Claudia , Beck Andreas , Eisenreich Wolfgang 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Lichen secondary metabolites show important biological activities as well as pharmaceutical and chemotaxonomic potential. In order to utilize such substances of interest, detailed knowledge of their biosynthetic pathways is essential.

13CO2‐pulse/chase experiments using intact thalli of the lichen Usnea dasopoga resulted in multiple 13C‐labeled isotopologs in amino acids, but not in the dibenzofuran derivative usnic acid – one of the best‐studied lichen metabolites, with considerable and renewed interest for pharmaceutical and lifestyle applications.

Spraying an aqueous solution of [U‐13C6]glucose onto the thalli of U. dasopoga afforded a specific mixture of multiple 13C‐labeled isotopologs in usnic acid. One‐ and two‐dimensional NMR analysis of the crude lichen extract corroborated the polyketide biosynthetic pathway via methylphloroacetophenone but not via phloroacetophenone.

With usnic acid as an exemplar, we provide proof‐of‐principle experiments that can be used in general to study metabolic pathways and fluxes in intact lichens.