bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial strain abnormalities in fetuses with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum
Authors: Cohen J. , Binka E. , Woldu K. , Levasseur S. , Glickstein J. , Freud L. R. , Chelliah A. , Chiu J. S. , Shah A. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesGlobal and regional myocardial deformation have not been well described in fetuses with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS). Speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE), an angle‐independent technique for assessing global and regional strain, may be a more sensitive way of determining ventricular systolic dysfunction compared with traditional 2D echocardiography. The aim of this study was to assess myocardial deformation in fetuses with PA/IVS compared with control fetuses and to determine if, in fetuses with PA/IVS, strain differs between those with and those without right ventricle‐dependent coronary circulation (RVDCC).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of fetuses with PA/IVS examined at two medical centers between June 2005 and October 2017. Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) regional and global longitudinal strain (GLS) and strain rate were obtained using STE, and comparisons were made between fetuses with PA/IVS and gestational age (GA)‐matched controls. Postnatal outcome was assessed, including the presence of RVDCC.ResultsFifty‐seven fetuses with PA/IVS and 57 controls were analyzed at a mean GA of 26.5 ± 5 weeks. LV‐GLS was significantly decreased in fetuses with PA/IVS compared with controls (−17.4 ± 1.7% vs −23.7 ± 2.0%, P < 0.001). LV strain rate was also significantly decreased (−1.01 ± 0.21/s vs −1.42 ± 0.20/s, P < 0.001). Fetuses with PA/IVS had decreased strain in all segments. Similarly, RV strain was significantly decreased in fetuses with PA/IVS (−11.6 ± 3.8% vs −24.6 ± 2.5%, P < 0.0001). Thirty‐six patients had postnatal cardiac catheterization performed to define coronary anatomy; 10 fetuses had RVDCC. Fetuses with RVDCC had decreased LV strain compared with those without (−15.8 ± 1.2% vs −17.9 ± 1.7%, P = 0.009). RV strain was also decreased in fetuses with RVDCC vs those without (−7.0 ± 2.9% vs −12.1 ± 3.2%, P = 0.0004).ConclusionsFetuses with PA/IVS have decreased global and regional LV and RV strain compared with controls. The finding of decreased LV strain may be due to altered ventricular mechanics in the context of a hypertensive right ventricle and/or abnormal coronary perfusion. Moreover, fetuses that were found to have RVDCC postnatally had decreased LV and RV strain compared with those that did not. These results encourage further investigation to assess whether fetal ventricular strain could be a prenatal predictor of RVDCC. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Postnatal development of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the anterior piriform cortex
Authors: Pardo Grace Violeta Espinoza , Lucion Aldo Bolten , Calcagnotto Maria Elisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe morphological and functional development of inhibitory circuit in the anterior piriform cortex (aPC) during the first three postnatal weeks may be crucial for the development of odor preference learning in infant rodents. As first step toward testing this hypothesis, we examined the normal development of GABAergic synaptic transmission in the aPC of rat pups during the postnatal days (P) 5–8 and 14‐17. Whole cell patch‐clamp recordings of layer 2/3 (L2/3) aPC pyramidal cells revealed a significant increase in spontaneous (sIPSC) and miniature (mIPSC) inhibitory postsynaptic current frequencies and a decrease in mIPSC rise and decay‐time constant at P14‐P17. Moreover, as the development of neocortical inhibitory circuit can be driven by sensory experience, we recorded sIPSC and mIPSC onto L2/3 aPC pyramidal cells from unilateral naris‐occluded animals. Early partial olfactory deprivation caused by naris occlusion do not affected the course of age‐dependent increase IPSC frequency onto L2/3 aPC pyramidal cell. However, this age‐dependent increase of sIPSC and mIPSC frequencies were lower on aPC pyramidal cells ipsilateral to the occlusion side. In addition, the age‐dependent increase in sIPSC frequency and amplitude were more pronounced on aPC pyramidal cells contralateral to the occlusion. While mIPSC kinetics were not affected by age or olfactory deprivation, at P5‐P8, the sIPSC decay‐time constant on aPC pyramidal cells of both hemispheres of naris‐occluded animals were significantly higher when compared to sham. These results demonstrated that the GABAergic synaptic transmission on the aPC changed during postnatal development by increasing inhibitory inputs on L2/3 pyramidal cells, with increment in frequency of both sIPSC and mIPSC and faster kinetics of mIPSC. Our data suggested that the maturation of GABAergic synaptic transmission was little affected by early partial olfactory deprivation. These results could contribute to unravel the mechanisms underlying the development of odor processing and olfactory preference learning.
Inland advance of supraglacial lakes in north-west Greenland under recent climatic warming
Authors: Gledhill Laura A. , Williamson Andrew G. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe inland advance of supraglacial lakes (SGLs) towards the interior regions of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) may have implications for the water volumes reaching the subglacial drainage system, and could consequently affect long-term ice-sheet dynamics. Here, we investigate changes to the areas, volumes and elevation distributions of over 8000 manually delineated SGLs using 44 Landsat images of a 6200 km2 sector of north-west Greenland over three decades (1985–2016). Our results show that SGLs have advanced to higher maximum (+418 m) and mean (+299 m) elevations, and that there has been a near-doubling of total regional SGL areas and volumes over the study period, accelerating after 2000. These changes were primarily caused by an increased SGL area and volume at high (≥1200 m a.s.l.) elevations, where SGL coverage increased by over 2750% during the study period. Many of the observed changes, particularly the post-2000 accelerations, were driven by changes to regional surface-temperature anomalies. This study demonstrates the past and accelerating response of the GrIS's hydrological system due to climatic warming, indicating an urgent need to understand whether the increasingly inland SGLs will be capable of hydrofracture in the future, thus determining their potential implications for ice-sheet dynamics.
Nutrient-uptake and -use efficiency in seedlings of rain-forest trees in New Caledonia: monodominants vs. subordinates and episodic vs. continuous regenerators
Authors: Read Jennifer , McCoy Stéphane , Jaffré Tanguy , Logan Murray 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:The upper canopy of some rain forests in New Caledonia is dominated by single species. These monodominants are commonly secondary species, their dominance not persisting without disturbance. We tested whether dominance is associated with efficient uptake and use of nutrients (N, P and K), comparing between seedlings of monodominants (Nothofagus spp., Arillastrum gummiferum and Cerberiopsis candelabra) and 14 subordinates, grown in a nursery house. We also tested whether this trend applies more broadly to shade-intolerant trees that regenerate episodically (ER species) versus shade-tolerant trees that regenerate continuously (CR species). In the sun treatment, monodominants had higher photosynthetic nutrient-use efficiency and productivity for N and K, and uptake efficiency for N, P and K, than subordinates; ER species had higher photosynthetic nutrient-use efficiency for N, P and K, and uptake efficiency for N and P, than CR species. Uptake efficiency and productivity per nutrient mass were uncorrelated across species, yet Nothofagus spp., A. gummiferum and C. candelabra combined high levels of both traits for N, and Nothofagus spp. and A. gummiferum combined moderate to high levels for P, in sun-grown seedlings. This trait combination may contribute substantially to competitiveness and post-disturbance dominance on these nutrient-poor soils.
Governing Juridical Sex: Gender Recognition and the Biopolitics of Trans Sterilization in Finland
Authors: Repo Jemima 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn many countries, compulsory sterilization is still a precondition for amending juridical sex. Drawing on feminist and queer debates on the entanglement of recognition with governmentalization, this article moves beyond a human rights frame to examine how struggles for legal gender recognition are bound up with the production and discipline of trans subjectivities, bodies, and relationships. It argues that rights and recognition may not only reinscribe regulation, but also they are a means of rendering trans subjects governable. By theorizing gender identity as a biopolitical discourse that produces trans subjects, the article genealogically examines the problematization of “gender identity” in Finnish welfare population governance practices leading up to the 2003 Finnish gender recognition law. The analysis demonstrates how the discourse of “equality” was key for producing a clearly defined trans population that could be identified, assessed, and, hence, governed. While the sterilization requirement was justified as a replacement for former castration laws which had been used by male-to-female transsexuals to access genital surgery, it also acted as a disciplinary technology to neutralize the alleged threats to normative forms of kinship that could be produced through gender recognition. Finally, the article considers points of resistance and avenues for further research.
Contemporary approaches in mental health rehabilitation
Authors: van der Meer L. , Wunderink C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn many European countries, deinstitutionalisation has been an ongoing process over the last few decades. Mental health organisations were transformed to provide support in a more integrated and comprehensive manner, preferably in their own homes in the community. Yet, despite the welcome aspiration of community integration for all, people with complex mental health problems (also termed severe mental illness) have continued to require high levels of support, in inpatient settings and in the community. This group's needs make them highly dependent on their caregivers. The attitudes, knowledge and skills of the staff providing treatment and support is crucial to their recovery. Rehabilitation programmes provide a much-needed framework to guide practitioners and help them organise and focus their recovery-oriented approach. In this editorial, we will provide a non-exhaustive overview of such rehabilitation programmes and interventions to illuminate the wide scope and practical usability of these interventions for this group of people with complex mental health problems.
Kinetic Alfvén Waves Excited in Two‐Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Huang Hongtao , Yu Yiqun , Dai Lei , Wang Tieyan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) are believed to be capable of efficiently transporting energy and play an important role in facilitating magnetic reconnection. KAW eigenmode theory suggests that Hall fields can be considered as the components of KAW, providing a mechanism for the generation and dissipation of KAW in magnetic reconnection. Using particle‐in‐cell simulations, we examined Hall fields in the magnetic reconnection region and found that (1) Hall electric filed is balanced by the ion pressure gradient and (2) the ratio of Hall electric field to Hall magnetic field is on the order of Alfvén speed. These results are consistent with KAW physics. Simulation results also indicate that KAWs are excited in the reconnection site and then transmitted along the separatrices. The wave Poynting flux propagates parallel to the magnetic field lines, carrying substantial energy. It is further found that a thinner current sheet provides a favorable condition for the excitation of KAW and results in a higher ratio of the Hall fields.
Dynamic Initialization for Whole Atmospheric Global Modeling
Authors: Song I.‐S. , Chun H.‐Y. , Jee G. , Kim S.‐Y. , Kim J. , Kim Y.‐H. , Taylor M. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn iterative dynamic initialization method is presented to produce balanced initial conditions for whole atmospheric global modeling. In this method, a global hydrostatic numerical model is iteratively nudged toward ground‐to‐space wind and temperature profiles at specific date and time. Ground‐to‐space atmospheric profiles are obtained by fitting spline curves to reanalyses below the lower mesosphere and empirical model results in the upper atmosphere. An optimal nudging coefficient is determined by examining if reasonable structure of mesospheric gravity wave (GW) momentum forcing and residual mean meridional circulations can be obtained from balanced initial conditions. Estimated mesospheric GW momentum forcing is found to exhibit a distinctive structure with larger (smaller) values in the lower and upper mesosphere (in the midmesosphere), when compared with parameterized climatological forcing. The iterative dynamic initialization allows for dynamical balance among the model's prognostic variables and reduces excitation of spurious GWs and noises at initial time. However, theoretical imbalances, measured by the ellipticity of the nonlinear balance equation, are not completely eliminated in balanced flows, and they are found in narrow tropospheric frontal regions and over localized areas associated with the large‐scale instability in the midlatitude middle atmosphere. These imbalances are discussed in the context of their potential relation to generation of planetary‐scale and inertia GWs around the middle atmospheric and tropospheric jets.
An SLS5 Longitude System Based on the Rotational Modulation of Saturn Radio Emissions
Authors: Ye S.‐Y. , Fischer G. , Kurth W. S. , Menietti J. D. , Gurnett D. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite the axisymmetry of Saturn's internal field, Saturn radio emissions like Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) are modulated due to planetary rotation. With the completion of Cassini mission in September 2017, we now have around 14 years of observation of Saturn radio emissions, roughly from southern solstice to northern solstice. In this study, we extend the SLS4 longitude system to the end of the Cassini mission using a phase tracing method. The new Saturn longitude system (SLS5) organizes the observed SKR maxima around 0° subsolar longitude in both northern and southern hemispheres and can be used to organize other phenomena observed in Saturn's magnetosphere, for example, hot plasma injection events. SKR is modulated like a clock when the main source on the morning side is visible. To convert the observed phase to the clock phase, the phase of the morning side source, we also define a second longitude system SLS5*, which takes the spacecraft position into account based on a simple visibility model.
The Optical Signature of a Bottom Boundary Layer Ventilation Event in the Northern Gulf of Mexico's Hypoxic Zone
Authors: Jolliff Jason K. , Jarosz Ewa , Ladner Sherwin , Smith Travis , Anderson Stephanie , Dykes James 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOceanographic observations in the northern Gulf of Mexico captured an unusual combination of atmospheric forcing and shelf frontal dynamics that brought about the surface ventilation of sediment‐laden bottom waters. Colorimetric analysis of in situ optical data indicates a specific turquoise‐white color signature for turbid and low‐oxygen bottom waters that match a coincident shelf‐wide feature detected in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite true color images. The physical processes leading to this ventilation event are simulated using the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System, which includes an integrated surface wave model. The combined model‐data analysis suggests that low‐oxygen, bottom water ventilation may occur episodically during boreal spring and summer in the northern Gulf of Mexico following the passage of high‐energy atmospheric systems, and these events may be identified in the historical satellite record based on the unique bottom water optical characteristics.
A More Viscous‐Like Solar Wind Interaction With All the Giant Planets
Authors: Masters A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIdentifying and quantifying the different drivers of energy flow through a planetary magnetosphere is crucial for understanding how each planetary system works. The magnetosphere of our own planet is primarily driven externally by the solar wind through global magnetic reconnection, while a viscous‐like interaction with the solar wind involving growth of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) instability is a secondary effect. Here we consider the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction at all magnetized planets, exploring the implications of diverse solar wind conditions. We show that with increasing distance from the Sun the electric fields arising from reconnection at the magnetopause boundary of a planetary magnetosphere become weaker, whereas the boundaries become increasingly K‐H unstable. Our results support the possibility of a predominantly viscous‐like interaction between the solar wind and every one of the giant planet magnetospheres, as proposed by previous authors and in contrast with the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction at Earth.
Evidence of Microbursts Observed Near the Equatorial Plane in the Outer Van Allen Radiation Belt
Authors: Shumko Mykhaylo , Turner Drew L. , O'Brien T. P. , Claudepierre Seth G. , Sample John , Hartley D. P. , Fennel Joseph , Blake J. Bernard , Gkioulidou Matina , Mitchell Donald G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present the first evidence of electron microbursts observed near the equatorial plane in Earth's outer radiation belt. We observed the microbursts on 31 March 2017 with the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer and Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment on the Van Allen Probes. Microburst electrons with kinetic energies of 29–92 keV were scattered over a substantial range of pitch angles, and over time intervals of 150–500 ms. Furthermore, the microbursts arrived without dispersion in energy, indicating that they were recently scattered near the spacecraft. We have applied the relativistic theory of wave‐particle resonant diffusion to the calculated phase space density, revealing that the observed transport of microburst electrons is not consistent with the hypothesized quasi‐linear approximation.
Interannual Variability of the Australian Summer Monsoon System Internally Sustained Through Wind‐Evaporation Feedback
Authors: Sekizawa S. , Nakamura H. , Kosaka Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInterannual variability of Australian summer monsoon (AUSM) activity is hardly forced locally or remotely by tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability. Despite this lack of SST forcing, convection variability in northern Australia is so strong that it emerges as a distinct peak in climatological variance of convection in austral summer. The present study shows that an internal variability unforced by tropical SST anomaly is dominant in seasonal mean strength of the AUSM system. A mechanism that sustains convection anomaly without SST forcing is also examined. Analysis of latent heat flux reveals that under the climatological monsoon westerlies, the wind‐evaporation feedback in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean sustains anomalous convection despite a counteracting effect of SST anomalies. The wind anomalies induced by the anomalous AUSM change the subsurface southeastern Indian Ocean, which can contribute to the maintenance of the anomalous convection through weakening the damping effect by SST anomalies.
A New Picture of Fire Extent, Variability, and Drought Interaction in Prescribed Fire Landscapes: Insights From Florida Government Records
Authors: Nowell H. K. , Holmes C. D. , Robertson K. , Teske C. , Hiers J. K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFlorida, United States, government records provide a new resource for studying fire in landscapes managed with prescribed fire. In Florida, most fire area (92%) is prescribed. Current satellite fire products, which underpin most air pollution emission inventories, detect only 25% of burned area, which alters airborne emissions and environmental impacts. Moreover, these satellite products can misdiagnose spatiotemporal variability of fires. Overall fire area in Florida decreases during drought conditions as prescribed fires are avoided, but satellite data do not reflect this pattern. This pattern is consistent with prescribed fire successfully reducing overall fire risk and damages. Human management of prescribed fires and fuels can, therefore, break the conventional link between drought and wildfire and play an important role in mitigating rising fire risk in a changing climate. These results likely apply in other regions of the world with similar fire regimes.
Distinct Mechanisms of Ocean Heat Transport Into the Arctic Under Internal Variability and Climate Change
Authors: Oldenburg Dylan , Armour Kyle C. , Thompson LuAnne , Bitz Cecilia M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNorthward ocean heat transport (OHT) plays a key role in Arctic climate variability and change. Unforced climate model simulations suggest that at decadal and longer timescales, strengthened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is correlated with increased OHT into the Arctic. Yet greenhouse gas forced simulations predict increased Arctic OHT while AMOC weakens. Here we partition OHT changes into contributions from dynamic circulation changes and thermodynamic temperature advection, as well as meridional overturning and gyre changes. We find that under decadal‐scale internal variability, strengthened AMOC converges heat in the subpolar gyre; anomalous heat is advected into the Arctic by both time mean circulations and strengthened gyre circulations. Under greenhouse gas forcing, weakened AMOC reduces subpolar gyre heat convergence; yet Arctic OHT increases as mean overturning and strengthened gyre circulations advect warmed surface waters. Thus, caution should be exercised when inferring Arctic OHT from AMOC, as the relationship between OHT and AMOC changes depends on whether they are internally generated or externally forced.
An Explanation for the Nitrous Oxide Layer Observed in the Mesopause Region
Authors: Kelly C. W. , Chipperfield M. P. , Plane J. M. C. , Feng W. , Sheese P. E. , Walker K. A. , Boone C. D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent satellite measurements of a layer of enhanced nitrous oxide (N2O) in the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere (MLT) from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer have suggested an unexpected, minor high‐altitude production source. Here we report the development of a mechanism and the first model simulations, which can explain the formation of this MLT N2O layer. N2O production occurs primarily via a reaction route involving the excitation of N2 from secondary electrons. Simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, with external forcing from the Global Airglow model, quantitatively reproduce the observed vertical, latitudinal, and seasonal N2O variations. Sensitivity results indicate that photoelectrons are far more important than previously predicted, causing approximately two thirds of global N2O production in the MLT. Energetic electron precipitation over high latitudes provides the remaining contribution. Solar cycle analysis reveals N2O enhancements of up to ×2 at solar maximum compared to solar minimum.