bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of thermal and rheological properties of PLA loaded with carbon and halloysite nanotubes for additive manufacturing
Authors: Cobos Christian Mauricio , Garzón Luis , López Martinez Juan , Fenollar Octavio , Ferrandiz Santiago 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose using polylactic acid (PLA) as an alternative to nanocomposites in additive manufacturing processes in fusion deposition modelling (FDM) systems and describe its thermal and rheological conditions with multi-wall carbon nanotube (PLA/MWCNT) and halloysite nanotube (PLA/HNT) composites for possible applications in additive manufacturing processes.

Design/methodology/approach
PLA/MWCNTs and PLA/HNTs were obtained through fusion in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. PLA was mixed with different percentages of MWCNTs and HNTs at concentrations of 0.5 Wt.%, 0.75 Wt.% and 1 Wt.%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and capillary rheometry were used to characterise these products, together with an analysis of the melt flow index (MFI).

Findings
The DSC data revealed that the nanocomposites had a glass transition temperature Tg = 65 ± 2°C and a melting temperature Tm = 169 ± 1°C. The crystallisation temperature of PLA/MWCNTs and PLA/HNTs was between 107 ± 2°C and 129°C, respectively. The viscosity data of PLA/MWCNTs and PLA/HNTs obtained by capillary rheometry indicated that the viscosity of the materials is the same as that of neat PLA. These results were confirmed by the higher fluidity index in the MFI analysis.

Originality/value
This paper presents an alternative for the applications of nanocomposites in additive manufacturing processes in FDM systems.
Development of a framework for digital literacy
Authors: Feerrar Julia 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Institutions seeking to develop or expand digital literacy programs face the challenge of navigating varied definitions for digital literacy itself. In answer to this challenge, this paper aims to share a process for developing a shared framework for digital literacy at one institution, including drawing on themes in existing frameworks, soliciting campus feedback and making revisions.

Design/methodology/approach
A draft digital literacy framework was created following the work of an initial library task force. Focus groups were conducted to gather feedback on the framework and to identify areas for future development.

Findings
Focus groups yielded 38 written responses. Feedback themes related to gaps in the framework, structural suggestions and common challenges for learners. Themes in focus group feedback led to several framework revisions, including the addition of Curation as a competency area, the removal of information communication technologies as its own competency area, and the inclusion of Learner rather than Student at the center of the framework.

Practical implications
The approaches described in this case study can be adapted by those looking to create a shared framework or definition for digital literacy on their campuses, as well as to create or revise definitions for other related literacies.

Originality/value
This case study presents an adaptable process for getting started with broad digital literacy initiatives, within the context of existing digital literacy frameworks worldwide.
Food delivery apps in India: wherein lies the success strategy?
Authors: Meenakshi N. , Sinha Anamika 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the evolution, current competitive scenario, and future direction for the food-tech business in the Indian market.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on press reports, industry reports, and secondary information about companies based on interviews of CEOs, analysts, industry trend watchers, and academicians.

Findings
The incumbents are competing on the basis of various parameters such as capital infusion (especially, funding), tie-ups with restaurants, customer loyalty, fleet size and management, and management of employees. High growth is driving volumes for all companies, although there is lack of differentiation in offerings. Companies need to build customer loyalty and seek diverse monetization models for profitability in the future.

Research limitations/implications
First, food-tech companies need to identify means of differentiation to gain competitive advantage. Second, customer loyalty is the key to long-term profitability and firms need to identify ways to build it. Promotions and offers cannot build loyalty. Third, firms would need to expand into different types of monetization methods, such as cloud kitchens, B2B food delivery services, to build revenues and profits.

Practical implications
Incumbents and prospective entrants in the food-tech industry need to understand the structure of the industry and the structure of competition to be able to succeed in the long term. They need to understand that promotions cannot be a differentiator and that funding will dry up. Therefore, it is critical to identify means of differentiation to build a loyal customer base.

Social implications
The food-tech industry in India has strong social foundation. More than 50 per cent of the Indian population is below the age of 25, the percentage of working population is increasing in India and so are income levels. In this context, the food-tech business is important as order outs are increasing. This, however, has also led to problems in the workforce for such startups as companies do not want to invest in employee training, safety or work conditions owning to high attrition rate because of the standardized nature of the job.

Originality/value
This paper makes an attempt to assimilate information about the progress of the food-tech industry in India in the last few years. It attempts to identify various factors that decide the nature of competition among incumbent players. It also identifies what factors these incumbents need to bear in mind while looking ahead.
Marketing Scottish social enterprises using a label?
Authors: Bonar Indiana , Karlsson Paula Sonja 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Social enterprises are competitive businesses in the marketplace, yet insubstantial research has investigated how they market their businesses. This paper aims to investigate the impact a social enterprise label – “Buy the Good Stuff” – used in Edinburgh has had on consumer awareness and explore whether a possible national label could be used as a marketing tool by social enterprises in Scotland.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a mixed-methods approach, consisting of an online questionnaire with 100 participants and seven semi-structured interviews with representatives of social enterprises involved in the marketing campaign in Edinburgh and representatives of social enterprises who were not involved in the campaign.

Findings
Findings indicate that the label used in Edinburgh has had little impact on increasing consumer awareness of social enterprises. However, a national label has the potential to help social enterprises increase consumer awareness. Yet, successful implementation requires thorough design of the label and broad support for its promotion.

Practical implications
The paper offers insights into the implementation of a national label. Managers of social enterprises and social enterprise networks should consider the findings when adopting marketing activities.

Originality/value
Findings contribute to the sparse literature regarding marketing activities of social enterprises. The paper provides evidence that the broader social enterprise sector and its representatives in Scotland should re-evaluate their position on the introduction of a national label, given that one priority identified for the sector is to create and promote a social enterprise brand which the SE code is not focussed on.
Clustering social enterprises: an empirically validated taxonomy
Authors: Erpf Philipp , Tekula Rebecca , Neuenschwander Julia 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis study aims to develop an empirically validated taxonomy. Typologies of social entrepreneurship are primarily based on conceptual considerations and case studies. There is a need for quantitative approaches and empirical testing of this emerging organizational form and its characteristics.Design/methodology/approachFirst, an item scale was developed that emerged from frequently mentioned elements in social entrepreneurship literature. Next, social entrepreneurs rated these items. Finally, the authors conducted a cluster analysis to derive a taxonomy with three distinguishable types of social enterprises.FindingsBased on a cluster analysis (N= 70), an empirically validated taxonomy is provided with three social enterprise types: social service providers, social change makers and social philanthropists.Practical implicationsAlthough this research has an exploratory character, it makes a clear contribution by complementing existing typologies, which tend to be conceptual in nature, with a taxonomy that is empirically grounded. This study defogs the blurry understanding and limited knowledge about different social enterprise forms and provides insight into meaningfully similar groups across the sector as a whole.Originality/valueThis article fills a void of empirically grounded taxonomies by analyzing which definitional aspects of social entrepreneurship literature correspond to the perceptions of social entrepreneurs regarding the nature of their organizations.
Study on the strength of diameter-reducing solder balls by shear and pull tests
Authors: Yu Kehang , Yang Chen , Wang Jun , Yu Jiabo , Yang Yi 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the variation of the mechanical strength and failure modes of solder balls with reducing diameters under conditions of multiple reflows.

Design/methodology/approach
The solder balls with diameters from 250 to 760 µm were mounted on the copper-clad laminate by 1-5 reflows. The strength of the solder balls was tested by the single ball shear test and pull test, respectively. The failure modes of tested samples were identified by combing morphologies of fracture surfaces and force-displacement curves. The stresses were revealed and the failure explanations were assisted by the finite element analysis for the shear test of single solder ball.

Findings
The average strength of a smaller solder ball (e.g. 250 µm in diameter) is higher than that of a larger one (e.g. 760 µm in diameter). The strength of smaller solder balls is more highly variable with multiple reflows than larger diameters balls, where the strength increased mostly with the number of reflows. According to load-displacement curves or fracture surface morphologies, the failure modes of solder ball in the shear and pull tests can be categorized into three kinds.

Originality/value
The strength of solder balls will not deteriorate when the diameter of solder ball is decreased with a reflow, but a smaller solder ball has a higher failure risk after multiple reflows. The failure modes for shear and pull tests can be identified quickly by the combination of force-displacement curves and the morphologies of fracture surfaces.
Ambidexterity and organizational learning: revisiting and reconnecting the literatures
Authors: Brix Jacob 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate how the processes of exploration and exploitation have developed in parallel in the literature of organizational ambidexterity and organizational learning, since James March published his seminal paper in 1991. The goal of the paper is to provide a synthesis of exploration and exploitation based on the two areas of literature.Design/methodology/approachThe study is conceptual and no empirical data have been used.FindingsThe study advances current understanding of exploration and exploitation by building a new model for organizational ambidexterity that takes into account multiple levels of learning, perspectives from absorptive capacity and inter-organizational learning.Originality/valueThe study’s novelty lies in the creation and discussion of a synthesis of exploration and exploitation stemming from organizational ambidexterity and organizational learning.
Increased risk of psoriasis in subjects with abdominal obesity: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Han Ju Hee , Lee Ji Hyun , Han Kyung Do , Kim Ha‐Na , Bang Chul Hwan , Park Young Min , Lee Jun Young , Kim Tae Yoon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease known to be associated with a variety of systemic comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome and obesity. Obesity represents a major comorbidity and has been suggested to be related to psoriasis. This nationwide population‐based prospective cohort study was performed to investigate the impacts of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on psoriasis. We used the health check‐up database and the study population consisted of subjects who had undergone health screening between January 2009 and December 2012. This study investigated patients newly diagnosed with psoriasis (International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, code L40) by dermatologists during the follow‐up period (5.32 years), based on claims data. The total population consisted of 22 633 536 subjects, among whom 399 461 had newly developed psoriasis. Subjects with BMI of more than 30 had a higher risk of psoriasis (hazards ratio [HR], 1.118; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.100–1.137) compared with the BMI 18.5–23 group. WC showed a dose‐dependent association with psoriatic risk. Subjects with WC over 105 cm showed the highest risk of psoriasis (HR, 1.305; 95% CI, 1.261–1.349) compared with subjects with WC lower than 80/75 after adjusting for confounding factors, including BMI. The risk of psoriasis was highest in males with normal BMI and abdominal obesity (HR, 1.175; 95% CI, 1.150–1.200). Our study indicates that WC is a specific factor affecting psoriatic risk and highlights the association between abdominal obesity and psoriasis, thus increasing awareness of the role of abdominal obesity in the pathogenesis and comorbidities of psoriasis.
Improving Housing Conditions in the Private and Social Rented Sectors: The Homes (Fit for Human Habitation) Act 2018 ‐ Fit for Habitation but Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Bevan Chris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Homes (Fit for Human Habitation) Act 2018 became law in December 2018 and entered into force on 20 March 2019. This article examines the key provisions of this significant piece of housing legislation which has the potential to transform the lives of those renting homes in both the private and social sectors in England. The 2018 Act, through amendment to the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, introduces a new obligation on landlords to ensure their residential properties are fit for human habitation and, for the first time in this jurisdiction, endows tenants with new civil rights to directly enforce this implied covenant against failing landlords. This article identifies the key deficiencies within the current legal framework around fitness for human habitation and explores how far the 2018 Act meets these challenges; set against the febrile backdrop of an acute housing crisis and the Grenfell Tower tragedy.
Forensic Facial Approximation: Study of the Nose in Brazilian Subjects
Authors: Strapasson Raíssa Ananda Paim , Costa Cláudio , Melani Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff 
Published: May 2019

AbstractForensic facial approximation is an auxiliary method for human identification and allows facial recognition. The midface, that includes the nose, is vital for the recognition of a familiar face. The purpose of this study was to set hard tissue parameters to estimate nasal width, to test the method to estimate nasal width of Brazilians, and to analyze the relationship between nasal profile and facial type. A total of 246 computed tomography scans (183 females and 63 males) of adults were analyzed in Horos. Bone tissue measurements and facial type classification were performed on the skull scan. Nasal profile morphology was accessed through the tool 3D surface rendering. There was a difference around 3 mm from real to predicted nose through the method to estimate nasal width in Brazilians. So, the method may be used in forensic practice. Straight nose was associated with long face type.
Thermal and salinity effects on locomotor performance ofThoropa taophoratadpoles (Anura, Cycloramphidae)
Authors: GALLO Antonio C. , BRASILEIRO Cinthia A. , DE BARROS Fábio Cury , DE CARVALHO José Eduardo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is well known that environmental temperature influences several biological functions of ectotherms, notably in amphibians. The high permeability of anuran skin, associated with the effect of elevated environmental temperature, potentiates the dehydration process and this combination may restrict locomotor performance.Thoropa taophorais an endemic species from the Atlantic Rainforest whose tadpoles are semiterrestrial and predominantly diurnal, and are found in rocky seashores where they are exposed to sea spray and high temperatures. In this study we investigated how temperature and salinity conditions affect the locomotor performance inThoropa taophoratadpoles. We also assessed how different osmotic concentrations affect the activity of the metabolic pathways that support muscle function. We measured the sprint speed of tadpoles of various sizes at different temperatures and salinities in the field. We also measured the activity of the enzymes pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and citrate synthase (CS) in different temperatures and osmotic concentrations, and calculated the thermal sensitivity and the activity constants for each osmolality. Our results showed that, in general, sprint speed decreased with increasing temperature and salinity. However, whereas the effect of increased salinity was similar in smaller and larger tadpoles, increased temperature had a higher negative impact on sprint speed of larger tadpoles, thus indicating low thermal sensitivity of small tadpoles. PK and LDH thermal sensitivities and LDH constant of activity decreased as the osmolality increased. In conclusion, the locomotor capacity of tadpoles was decreased by temperature and salinity, which may be related to a decrease in anaerobic metabolism both in terms of sensitivity and total energy turnover through enzymatic activity. We discuss the ecological consequences, including the potential impacts on predator escape behavior promoted by changes in metabolism and locomotor performance in an early stage of development of this species.
Geographical clines in the size of the herb field mouse (Apodemus uralensis)
Authors: BALČIAUSKAS Linas , AMSHOKOVA Albina , BALČIAUSKIENĖ Laima , BENEDEK Ana Maria , CICHOCKI Jan , CSANÁDY Alexander , DE MENDONÇA Philippe Gil , NISTREANU Victoria 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPatterns of body size variation along geographical gradients have long been searched for and generalized into eco‐geographical rules. However, no rodent species has yet been analyzed in relation to the 3 dimensions of latitude, longitude and altitude. We analyzed geographical clines and dimorphism of body and skull size in the herb field mouse (Apodemus uralensis) across the species range, based on field data and on data from the literature. Sexual dimorphism in adult A. uralensis was not expressed at a large scale, while local patterns were inconsistent. Age‐dependent size changes were most expressed in adult individuals: most characters of adults exceeded in size those of subadults, while subadult–juvenile size differences were only significant in body weight and length, zygomatic skull width, length of cranial diastema and breadth of braincase. Despite central morphological niches along the clines being separated, A. uralensis populations showed a high degree of size overlap in morphological space. We found the species to be characterized by high size variability, with the largest individuals inhabiting the eastern and southern edges of the distribution range. Tail, hind foot and ear lengths were largest in the southern part of the range, in agreement with Allen's rule. The main measurements that we analyzed, namely body mass, zygomatic skull width and condylobasal skull length, show the presence of 3 clines in the size of adult A. uralensis: (i) a decreasing south–north cline, opposing Bergmann's rule; (ii) an increasing west–east cline, in accordance with Murphy's rule; and (iii) an increasing altitudinal cline.
Simultaneous Imaging of the Conductor and Dielectric Scatterer
Authors: YE Xiuzhu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new method to simultaneously image the perfect electric conductor (PEC) and dielectric scatterers together, which is based on the inversion algorithm subspace‐based distorted‐Born iterative method (S‐DBIM). Simulation results show that method is able to distinguish the PEC and dielectric and can retrieve the relative permittivity for dielectric scatterer at the same time.
Seismic data denoising via shearlet transform and data‐driven tight frame
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tang Jingtian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe propose a sort of double sparsity dictionary (DSD) to deal with random noise of seismic exploration, which consists of shearlet transform and data‐driven tight frame (DDTF). We train the DDTF dictionary in the domain of shearlet transform to improve the robustness of the dictionary. Furthermore, the function of hard‐thresholding is applied to find dictionary coefficients and cut small shearlet coefficients. Finally, we verified the reliability of the proposed approach by a synthetic data denoising example.
Zircon growth during subduction and exhumation metamorphism of mafic rocks, Aktyuz terrain, North Tiahshan, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Chen Bo , MA Zhongping , WANG Bin , MENG Guanglu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe interpretation of whether a dated metamorphic zircon generation grew during the prograde, peak or retrograde stage of a metamorphic cycle is critical to geological interpretation. This study documents a case at Aktyuz metamorphic terrain, in the southern of Kokchetav‐North Tianshan belt, involving progressive metamorphic recrystallization of mafic rock to eclogite and associated behavior of zircon. Zircons in eclogites are mainly fine grains (5 to 20 μm), and preferentially concentrated with rutile/ilmenite. They also occur as individual grains or clusters in amphibole coronas of garnet. A few larger grains commonly preserve inherited cores and evidence of dissolution and metamorphic outgrowths. Zircon grains separated from amphibolites show inherited zircons with typically magmatic feature, although this become progressively blurred in response to resorption and recrystallization. Mineral inclusions represent epidote‐amphibolite facies in the prograde metamorphism, and the embayed boundary between recrystallized domains and inherited zircons suggest fluid/melt participation. The metamorphic domains are mainly simple overgrowth around the inherited cores or recrystallization domains. The absence of peak metamorphic mineral inclusions and steep pattern of MREE‐HREE indicate no sufficient garnet formed before the metamorphic zircon overgrowth. A tiny rim with homogeneously bright CL image can be distinguished in most zircons. Amphibole inclusions have similar compositions to those in the coronas of garnets, suggesting a retrograde metamorphic origin. The inherited zircon crystallized at 880‐730 Ma, revealing similar age range to the gneiss in Aktyuz area, whereas metamorphic zircon dates prograde metamorphism at 497.9 ±1.4 Ma. In this case, the bulk Zr budget in rocks will become locked into Zr‐bearing minerals during the mafic magma intrusion, when the inherited zircon melting and resorption. The texture shows that metamorphic zircon grew both in the prograde and retrograde stage, and Zr‐bearing magmatic minerals and rutile/ilmenite are by far the main source of Zr for the two stages, respectively.