bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tibio-Femoral Contact Force Distribution is Not the Only Factor Governing Pivot Location after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Trepczynski A. , Kutzner I. , Schütz P. , Dymke J. , List R. , von Roth P. , Moewis P. , Bergmann G. , Taylor W. R. , Duda G. N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty aims to mimic the natural knee kinematics by optimizing implant geometry, but it is not clear how loading relates to tibio-femoral anterior-posterior translation or internal-external pivoting. We hypothesised that the point of pivot in the transverse plane is governed by the location of the highest axial force. Tibio-femoral loading was measured using an instrumented tibial component in six total knee arthroplasty patients (aged 65–80y, 5–7y post-op) during 5–6 squat repetitions, while knee kinematics were captured using a mobile video-fluoroscope. In the range of congruent tibio-femoral contact the medial femoral condyle remained approximately static while the lateral condyle translated posteriorly by 4.1 mm (median). Beyond the congruent range, the medial and lateral condyle motions both abruptly changed to anterior sliding by 4.6 mm, and 2.6 mm respectively. On average, both the axial loading and pivot position were more medial near extension, and transferred to the lateral side in flexion. However, no consistent relationship between pivoting and load distribution was found across all patients throughout flexion, with R2 values ranging from 0.00 to 0.65. Tibio-femoral kinematics is not related to the load distribution alone: medial loading of the knee does not necessarily imply a medial pivot location.
Identification of selective inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori IMPDH as a targeted therapy for the infection
Authors: Juvale Kapil , Purushothaman Gayathri , Singh Vijay , Shaik Althaf , Ravi Srimadhavi , Thiruvenkatam Vijay , Kirubakaran Sivapriya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the major cause of several gastric disorders has been recognied as a type I carcinogen. By virtue of resistance developed by H. pylori strains, currently used antibiotic based treatments rather demonstrate high failure rates. Hence, there is an emerging need for identification of new targets to treat H. pylori infection. Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) has been studied as a potential target to treat H. pylori infection. Here, a detailed enzyme kinetic study of recombinant expressed H. pylori inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (HpIMPDH) is presented. A new in-house synthesized indole-based scaffold is identified as an inhibitor for HpIMPDH. These indole-based compounds showed non-competitive inhibition against IMP and NAD+ whereas the benzimidazole compounds were found be uncompetitive inhibitors. The new indole scaffold ensures specificity due to its high selectivity for bacterial IMPDH over human IMPDH II. Our work aims to overcome the drawback of existing inhibitors by introducing new indole scaffold for targeting bacterial IMPDH.
The clock components Period2, Cryptochrome1a, and Cryptochrome2a function in establishing light-dependent behavioral rhythms and/or total activity levels in zebrafish
Authors: Hirayama Jun , Alifu Yikelamu , Hamabe Rin , Yamaguchi Sho , Tomita Jun , Maruyama Yusuke , Asaoka Yoichi , Nakahama Ken-ichi , Tamaru Teruya , Takamatsu Ken , Takamatsu Nobuhiko , Hattori Atsuhiko , Nishina Sachiko , Azuma Noriyuki , Kawahara Atsuo , Kume Kazuhiko , Nishina Hiroshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe circadian clock generates behavioral rhythms to maximize an organism’s physiological efficiency. Light induces the formation of these rhythms by synchronizing cellular clocks. In zebrafish, the circadian clock components Period2 (zPER2) and Cryptochrome1a (zCRY1a) are light-inducible, however their physiological functions are unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of zPER2 and zCRY1a in regulating locomotor activity and behavioral rhythms. zPer2/zCry1a double knockout (DKO) zebrafish displayed defects in total locomotor activity and in forming behavioral rhythms when briefly exposed to light for 3-h. Exposing DKO zebrafish to 12-h light improved behavioral rhythm formation, but not total activity. Our data suggest that the light-inducible circadian clock regulator zCRY2a supports rhythmicity in DKO animals exposed to 12-h light. Single cell imaging analysis revealed that zPER2, zCRY1a, and zCRY2a function in synchronizing cellular clocks. Furthermore, microarray analysis of DKO zebrafish showed aberrant expression of genes involved regulating cellular metabolism, including ATP production. Overall, our results suggest that zPER2, zCRY1a and zCRY2a help to synchronize cellular clocks in a light-dependent manner, thus contributing to behavioral rhythm formation in zebrafish. Further, zPER2 and zCRY1a regulate total physical activity, likely via regulating cellular energy metabolism. Therefore, these circadian clock components regulate the rhythmicity and amount of locomotor behavior.
Biomass based Rankine cycle, ORC and gasification system for electricity generation for isolated communities in Bonfim city, Brazil
Authors: Torres Pedro J. Pacheco , José Venturini Osvaldo , Palacio José C. Escobar , Costa Silva Rafael A. , Grillo Renó Maria Luiza 
Published: January 2019

In Brazil, specify in isolated areas, the connection to the conventional electric energy distribution grid becomes restrictied due to financial and geographical factors. Then the main option for supplying the energy demand is fossil fuel driven thermal systems. With the purpose of providing an alternative option for power generation, this study presents an analysis of biomass‐based energy systems for isolated communities, in special Bonfim city, in Roraima state. The technologies applied were conventional Rankine cycle, organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and gasification system with an internal combustion engine. All systems are operated with agricultural wastes (rice straw and rice husk). The modelled systems produced electricity with a conversion efficiency of 10.78, 17.78 and 14% for ORC, conventional Rankine cycle and gasification systems, respectively. With these results and with a production of 35,667 tons of waste per year, the systems can supply the energetic demand of Bonfim city (536.40 kW). With relation to costs, currently the generation costs in isolated communities of Bonfim city are in a range of 390.31–475.85 US$/MWh. The proposed cases have a generation costs of 197.11 US$/MWh (conventional Rankine cycle), 324.77 US$/MWh (ORC) and 336.49 US$/MWh (gasification system).
Study on the optimisation of the end fittings of the DC disconnector
Authors: Li Jindi , Ding Yujian , Lv Fangcheng , Yao Xiuyuan , Mao Yan 
Published: January 2019

The disconnector is the key electrical equipment in DC field. In China, the ±1100 kV DC project uses the indoor DC field, where the switching impulse withstand voltage of the disconnector influences the clearance a lot. To improve the switching impulse withstand level of the ±1100 kV disconnector, first of all, the switching impulse test was carried out on the disconnector with traditional double‐balanced ring structure and the 50% switching impulse discharge voltage was obtained. By analysing the discharge path, it is found that the grading ring did not effectively shield the upper part of the disconnector. Therefore, the structure of the end fittings of the disconnector was changed to the structure of the mushroom head. The electric field simulation was performed on the optimised shield，it is shown that the maximum field strength is lower than the control field strength. Then the switching impulse test was carried out on the optimised disconnector, it was found that the 50% impact discharge voltage was above 2400 kV which met the engineering requirements.
Learning the space-time phase diagram of bacterial swarm expansion
Authors: Jeckel Hannah , Jelli Eric , Hartmann Raimo , Singh Praveen K. , Mok Rachel , Totz Jan Frederik , Vidakovic Lucia , Eckhardt Bruno , Dunkel Jörn , Drescher Knut 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Most living systems, from individual cells to tissues and swarms, display collective self-organization on length scales that are much larger than those of the individual units that drive this organization. A fundamental challenge is to understand how properties of microscopic components determine macroscopic, multicellular biological function. Our study connects intracellular physiology to macroscale collective behaviors during multicellular development, spanning five orders of magnitude in length and six orders of magnitude in time, using bacterial swarming as a model system. This work is enabled by a high-throughput adaptive microscopy technique, which we combined with genetics, machine learning, and mathematical modeling to reveal the phase diagram of bacterial swarming and that cell–cell interactions within each swarming phase are dominated by mechanical interactions.
PET imaging of microglia by targeting macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)
Authors: Horti Andrew G. , Naik Ravi , Foss Catherine A. , Minn Il , Misheneva Varia , Du Yong , Wang Yuchuan , Mathews William B. , Wu Yunkou , Hall Andrew , LaCourse Catherine , Ahn Hye-Hyun , Nam Hwanhee , Lesniak Wojciech G. , Valentine Heather , Pletnikova Olga , Troncoso Juan C. , Smith Matthew D. , Calabresi Peter A. , Savonenko Alena V. , Dannals Robert F. , Pletnikov Mikhail V. , Pomper Martin G. 
Published: January 2019

Significance[11C]CPPC [5-cyano-N-(4-(4-[11C]methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)furan-2-carboxamide] is a PET radiotracer specific for CSF1R, a microglia-specific marker. This compound can be used as a noninvasive tool for imaging of reactive microglia, disease-associated microglia and their contribution to neuroinflammation in vivo. Neuroinflammation is posited to be an underlying pathogenic feature of a wide variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. [11C]CPPC may also be used to study specifically the immune environment of malignancies of the central nervous system and to monitor potential adverse neuroinflammatory effects of immunotherapy for peripheral malignancies. This PET agent will be valuable in the development of new therapeutics for neuroinflammation, particularly those targeting CSF1R, not only by providing a noninvasive, repeatable readout in patients but also by enabling measurement of drug target engagement.
Noncontiguous operon is a genetic organization for coordinating bacterial gene expression
Authors: Sáenz-Lahoya S. , Bitarte N. , García B. , Burgui S. , Vergara-Irigaray M. , Valle J. , Solano C. , Toledo-Arana A. , Lasa I. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
In bacteria, functionally related genes are often cotranscribed in a single mRNA molecule under the same upstream promoter, forming a polycistronic operon unit. With this strategy, bacteria guarantee that production of all proteins related to a specific cellular process is simultaneously switched on or off. Here, we report the identification of a transcriptional organization consisting in operons that contain a gene(s) that is transcribed in the opposite direction to the rest of the genes of the operon. As a consequence, the resulting mRNA is fully complementary to the operon transcript. This genetic arrangement leads to mutual regulation of the overlapping transcripts expression and, thus, provides an additional strategy for coordinating the expression of functionally related genes within an operon.
Experimental demonstration of quantum pigeonhole paradox
Authors: Chen Ming-Cheng , Liu Chang , Luo Yi-Han , Huang He-Liang , Wang Bi-Ying , Wang Xi-Lin , Li Li , Liu Nai-Le , Lu Chao-Yang , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: January 2019

Significance
We have demonstrated the quantum pigeonhole paradox with three single photons. The effect of variable-strength quantum measurement is experimentally analyzed order by order and a transition of violation of the pigeonhole principle is observed. We find that the different kinds of measurement-induced entanglement are responsible for the photons’ abnormal collective behavior in the paradox. The experimental violation of pigeonhole principle presents a challenge to the fundamental counting principle of nature.
Branching of hydraulic cracks enabling permeability of gas or oil shale with closed natural fractures
Authors: Rahimi-Aghdam Saeed , Chau Viet-Tuan , Lee Hyunjin , Nguyen Hoang , Li Weixin , Karra Satish , Rougier Esteban , Viswanathan Hari , Srinivasan Gowri , Bažant Zdeněk P. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Development of a realistic model of fracking would allow better control. It should make it possible to optimize various parameters such as the history of pumping, its rate or cycles, changes of viscosity, etc. This could lead to an increase of the percentage of gas extraction from the deep shale strata, which currently stands at about 5% and rarely exceeds 15%.
Trap Cropping in South Asia: Concepts, Limitations, and Future Strategy
Authors: Tiwari S , Pudasaini R , Kafle L , Bhattarai S , Ali M P , Babar T K , Sharma S , Shrestha G , Reddy G V P 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCultural methods are some of the most widely adopted approaches in integrated pest management. Trap cropping is based on the principle of using a relatively more preferred crop species to keep the pest away from the main crop and reduce pest damage. This technique has tremendous potential to keep the pest below the economic damage threshold and can be used for pest management in organic farming. Furthermore, trap crops can be linked to habitat management and conservation biological control to improve multiple ecosystem services in an agroecosystem. While trap cropping is one of the most common cultural pest management control methods in subsistence farming in South Asia, it has not yet become common in conventional agriculture, nor has this practice been well documented in this region. This work broadly reviews the most relevant literature related to trap cropping used in pest management in this region. Regional cooperation for knowledge-sharing and research collaborations, motivating farmers to promote organic farming, along with increased research and policy interventions to favor sustainable agriculture have been done to promote this pest management practice in South Asia.
EBIC: an open source software for high-dimensional and big data analyses
Authors: Orzechowski Patryk , Moore Jason H 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Motivation
In this paper, we present an open source package with the latest release of Evolutionary-based BIClustering (EBIC), a next-generation biclustering algorithm for mining genetic data. The major contribution of this paper is adding a full support for multiple graphics processing units (GPUs) support, which makes it possible to run efficiently large genomic data mining analyses. Multiple enhancements to the first release of the algorithm include integration with R and Bioconductor, and an option to exclude missing values from the analysis.

Results
Evolutionary-based BIClustering was applied to datasets of different sizes, including a large DNA methylation dataset with 436 444 rows. For the largest dataset we observed over 6.6-fold speedup in computation time on a cluster of eight GPUs compared to running the method on a single GPU. This proves high scalability of the method.

Availability and implementation
The latest version of EBIC could be downloaded from http://github.com/EpistasisLab/ebic. Installation and usage instructions are also available online.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The impact of bicycle helmet legislation on cycling fatalities in Australia
Authors: Olivier Jake , Boufous Sofiane , Grzebieta Raphael 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Australian bicycle helmet laws were first introduced in Victoria in July 1990 and the remaining Australian states, Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory by July 1992. Previous research on helmet legislation has focused on changes in helmet wearing and bicycle-related head injury. Although it is generally accepted that bicycle helmets can reduce the risk of fatality due to head injury, there has been little research assessing the impact of helmet legislation on cycling fatalities.

Methods
An interrupted time series approach was used to assess the impact of bicycle helmet legislation on yearly-aggregated rates of bicycle-related fatalities per population from 1971 to 2016.

Results
Immediately following bicycle helmet legislation, the rate of bicycle fatalities per 1 000 000 population reduced by 46% relative to the pre-legislation trend [95% confidence interval (CI): 31, 58]. For the period 1990–2016, we estimate 1332 fewer cycling fatalities (95% CI: 1201, 1463) or an average of 49.4 per year (95% CI: 44.5, 54.2). Reductions were also observed for pedestrian fatalities; however, bicycle fatalities declined by 36% relative to pedestrian fatalities (95% CI: 12, 54).

Conclusions
In the absence of robust evidence showing a decline in cycling exposure following helmet legislation or other confounding factors, the reduction in Australian bicycle-related fatality appears to be primarily due to increased helmet use and not other factors.
Can Agents with Causal Misperceptions be Systematically Fooled?
Authors: Spiegler Ran 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An agent forms estimates (or forecasts) of individual variables conditional on some observed signal. His estimates are based on fitting a subjective causal model—formalized as a directed acyclic graph, following the “Bayesian networks” literature—to objective long-run data. I show that the agent’s average estimates coincide with the variables’ true expected value (for any underlying objective distribution) if and only if the agent’s graph is perfect—that is, it directly links every pair of variables that it perceives as causes of some third variable. This result identifies neglect of direct correlation between perceived causes as the kind of causal misperception that can generate systematic prediction errors. I demonstrate the relevance of this result for economic applications: speculative trade, manipulation of a firm’s reputation, and a stylized “monetary policy” example in which the inflation-output relation obeys an expectational Phillips Curve.
CNS Melioidosis in a Traveler Returning from Cabo, Mexico
Authors: Donahue Matthew A , Newcomb Geoffrey , Spinella Sara , Prasad Paritosh , Liesveld Jane , Egan Cristina T , Smith Glenda L , Newman Alexandra P , Bower William A , Blaney David D , Gee Jay E , Elrod Mindy G , Chuang Sally , Babu Tara M 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, endemic to northern Australia and Southeast Asia. We present a patient who traveled to Mexico, returned to the United States, and developed progressive manifestations of melioidosis, culminating as central nervous system disease. Standard therapy was contraindicated, and a prolonged intensive phase was employed.
Increased Mortality Among Carbapenemase-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Carriers Who Developed Clinical Isolates of Another Genotype
Authors: Chen Wen Kai , Yang Yong , Tan Ban Hock 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Carbapenemase production by carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE) is encoded by a variety of genes on mobile genetic elements. Patients colonized by 1 genotype of CP-CRE may be subsequently infected by another genotype of CP-CRE. We sought to determine whether CP-CRE carriers who developed infection with another genotype had a higher mortality risk.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using collected data from January 2012 to December 2016. Clinical isolates of CP-CRE were analyzed among the CP-CRE carriers who had developed an infection during their stay in the hospital. Comparison was made between CP-CRE carriers who developed clinical isolates of another genotype and those whose clinical isolates were of the same CP-CRE genotype that they were originally colonized with. The primary outcome analyzed was the 14-day mortality rate.

Results
A total of 73 CP-CRE carriers who had developed infection were analyzed. Ten (15.4%) of the carriers who developed an infection with clinical isolates of the same CP-CRE genotype died within 14 days, whereas 5 (62.5%) of those who developed an infection with clinical isolates of a different genotype died. This represented a 6-fold increase (adjusted relative risk, 6.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.75–23.06; P = .005) in the 14-day mortality rate.

Conclusions
CP-CRE carriers who developed clinical isolates of another genotype are at risk of increased mortality. This is a novel finding that is of interest to health care organizations worldwide, with profound implications for infection control measures, such as patient and staff cohorting.
The Economic Burden and Impact on Quality of Life of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in Individuals Aged 50 Years or Older in Italy
Authors: Matthews Sean , De Maria Antonio , Passamonti Marco , Ristori Giovanni , Loiacono Idalba , Puggina Anna , Curran Desmond 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
To estimate the health care resource utilization, costs, and impact on quality of life (QoL) of herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in adults aged ≥50 years in Italy.

Methods
This was a prospective, observational, multicenter, community physician–based surveillance study (NCT01772160) in Italy. Health-related QoL data were collected using the EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and Zoster Brief Pain Inventory (ZBPI) questionnaires. Both questionnaires were assessed at days 0 (HZ rash onset), 15, 30, 60, and 90 for all patients, and monthly thereafter for patients who developed PHN. Resource utilization was recorded for 3 months post–HZ onset and 9 months for PHN patients. Costs from both payer and societal perspectives were estimated and were composed of direct medical costs (general practitioner/specialist visits, procedures, hospitalizations, medications), work loss by patient/caregiver, and transport costs.

Results
A total of 391 patients with HZ were included, of whom 40 developed PHN. The mean ZBPI worst pain score was 5.7 at day 0, reducing to 2.6 at day 30 and 0.7 by day 90. Patients with PHN had a mean worst pain score of 5.7 at day 90. We estimated an overall disutility associated with HZ of 0.134. The mean cost per HZ patient from a payer/societal perspective was €153/€298, respectively, and the mean cost per HZ patients who developed PHN was €176/€426, respectively.

Conclusions
HZ is associated with impaired QoL and substantial health care resource use, highlighting the need for preventive strategies. This could reduce the disease burden for the patient and health care system.

ClinicalTrials.gov study registry
NCT01772160.