bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reuniens Nucleus of the Thalamus Has an Essential Role in Coordinating Slow-Wave Activity between Neocortex and Hippocampus
Authors: Hauer Brandon E. , Pagliardini Silvia , Dickson Clayton T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSleep is a period of profound neural synchrony throughout the brain, a phenomenon involved in various physiological functions. The coordination between neocortex and hippocampus, in particular, appears to be critical for episodic memory, and, indeed, enhanced synchrony in this circuit is a hallmark of slow-wave sleep. However, it is unclear how this coordination is mediated. To this end, we examined the role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE), a midline body with reciprocal connections to both prefrontal and hippocampal cortices. Using a combination of electrophysiological, optogenetic, and chemogenetic techniques in the urethane-anesthetized rat (a model of forebrain sleep activity), we directly assessed the role of the RE in mediating slow oscillatory synchrony. Using unit recording techniques, we confirmed that RE neurons showed slow rhythmic activity patterns during deactivated forebrain states that were coupled to ongoing slow oscillations. Optogenetic activation of RE neurons or their projection fibers in the cingulum bundle caused an evoked potential in hippocampus that was maximal at the level of stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1. A similar but longer-latency response could be evoked by stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex that was then abolished by chemogenetic inhibition of the RE. Inactivation of the RE also severely reduced the coherence of the slow oscillation across cortical and hippocampal sites, suggesting that its activity is necessary to couple slow-wave activity across these regions. These results indicate an essential role of the RE in coordinating neocortico-hippocampal slow oscillatory activity, which may be fundamental for slow-wave sleep-related episodic memory consolidation.
The Abused Inhalant Toluene Impairs Medial Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Risk/Reward Decision-Making during a Probabilistic Discounting Task
Authors: Braunscheidel Kevin M. , Okas Michael P. , Hoffman Michaela , Mulholland Patrick J. , Floresco Stan B. , Woodward John J. 
Published: September 2019

Inhalant (e.g., toluene) misuse is linked to behavioral and cognitive deficits in humans, yet preclinical studies of the effect of inhalants on higher-order cognition are limited. We addressed this gap in the literature by examining the effect of toluene vapor exposure on risk/reward decision-making in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats using a probabilistic discounting task. In this task, rodents chose a risky/large reward or a safe/small reward, with the odds of risky reinforcement descending or ascending throughout the test session. We observed a dose-dependent, sex-independent deficit in behavioral flexibility during probabilistic discounting caused by acute toluene exposure. Rats exposed to toluene vapor during adolescence and tested as adults performed comparably to air-treated controls and were susceptible to the effects of an acute toluene challenge. These behavioral flexibility deficits observed suggests dysfunctional medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity. To address this hypothesis, we virally expressed the genetically encoded calcium sensor GCaMP6f in glutamatergic mPFC neurons and monitored calcium transients in real-time usingin vivofiber photometry. mPFC activity peaked before either lever press during free-choice trials in toluene- and air-treated animals. During forced-choice trials, GCaMP6f transients shifted from pre-risky to pre-safe choice, an effect mitigated by acute toluene exposure. mPFC activity decreased during rewarded trials, with larger decreases following risky/large wins compared with safe/small wins. Toluene-treated animals also had decreased mPFC activity during rewarded trials, but there was no distinction between risky/large wins and safe/small wins. These results provide physiological evidence for mPFC-dependent behavioral deficits caused by toluene.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInhalants (e.g., toluene) are an understudied class of drugs of abuse that cause devastating behavioral and cognitive deficits in humans. Understanding the neurobiological interactions of toluene vapor using animal models is important for developing effective treatment strategies for inhalant addicts. Here we find that toluene vapor reduces behavioral flexibility in rodents making risk/reward-based decisions. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) drives behavioral flexibility during this type of decision-making and we show that toluene reduces the ability of mPFC neurons to track optimal choices as reward probabilities change. Toluene also reduces these neurons' ability to distinguish between small and large rewards. A combination of these factors likely leads to the impaired performance in probabilistic discounting following acute toluene exposure.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cortical bone loss and fractures in the elderly
Authors: Paranhos-Neto F P , Vieira Neto L , Madeira M , Moraes A B , Mendonça L M C , Lima I C B , Chagas C L R , Lira D A , Spitz J F , Guimarães J A M , Duarte M E L , Farias M L F 
Published: September 2019

Introduction
The role of vitamin D on bone microarchitecture and fragility is not clear.

Objective
To investigate whether vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) increases cortical bone loss and the severity of fractures.

Design
Cross-sectional study of 287 elderly women with at least one prevalent low-impact fracture.

Methods
Biochemistry, X-rays to identify vertebral fractures (VFs) and to confirm non-vertebral fractures (NonVFs), and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to evaluate bone microstructure.

Results
Serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with body mass index (BMI: r = −0.161, P = 0.006), PTH (r = −0.165; P = 0.005), CTX (r = −0.119; P = 0.043) and vBMD at cortical bone (Dcomp: r = 0.132; P = 0.033) and entire bone (D100: r = 0.162 P = 0.009) at the distal radius, but not at the tibia. Age and PTH levels were potential confounding variables, but in the multiple linear regressions only BMI (95% CI: 0.11–4.16; P < 0.01), 25(OH)D (95% CI: −0.007 to 1.70; P = 0.05) and CTX (95% CI: −149.04 to 21.80; P < 0.01) predicted Dcomp, while BMI (95% CI: 1.13–4.18; P < 0.01) and 25(OH)D (95% CI: 0.24–1.52; P < 0.01) predicted D100. NonVFs predominated in patients with 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL (P = 0.013). Logistic regression analysis showed a decrease in the likelihood of presenting grade 2–3 VFs/NonVFs for every increase in 25(OH)D (OR = 0.962, 95% CI: 0.940–0.984; P = 0.001), BMI (OR = 0.932, 95% CI: 0.885–0.981; P = 0.007) and D100 at radius (OR = 0.994, 95% CI: 0.990–0.998; P = 0.005).

Conclusion
In elderly patients with prevalent fractures, vitamin D deficiency was associated with cortical bone loss and severity of fractures.
Geochemical Events at the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary: Relation of Anoxia with Volcanism, Climate, and Ocean Circulation
Authors: Savelyeva O.L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
—The paper presents a detailed review of chemostratigraphic data on the Bonarelli oceanic anoxic event (OAE2) at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary from different regions worldwide, with a focus on the respective redox conditions in the basins, metal anomalies, and δ13C excursions. Marine sediments with OAE2 signatures in Eastern Kamchatka are compared with their counterparts from submarine volcanic rises in the northwestern Pacific. The available isotope ages of lavas from some large igneous provinces are correlated with the age of OAE2. The Bonarelli event was triggered and governed by several interrelated factors: volcanism, climate, and ocean circulation. The supply of nutrients into oceans as a result of enhanced magmatism, hydrothermal activity, and weathering on continents played an important role in maintaining anoxia. The spatial patterns of black-shale deposition were controlled by ocean circulation. Geochemical and biochemical processes associated with high productivity ultimately led to its reduction and to the recovery of oxic conditions in oceans.
Genesis of Organomineral Deposits in Lakes of the Central Part of the Baraba Lowland (South of West Siberia)
Authors: Strakhovenko V.D. , Ovdina E.A. , Malov G.I. , Yermolaeva N.I. , Zarubina E.Yu. , Taran O.P. , Boltenkov V.V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
—A quantitative assessment of the fractionation of elements during sedimentation is made based on long-term comprehensive studies with the participation of geochemists, hydrobiologists, soil scientists, and chemists. Analytical studies of the chemical composition of water, soil, bottom sediments, and biota were carried out at the Center for Collective Use of Scientific Equipment for Multielement and Isotope Studies and at the Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk. Based on a mineralogical and geochemical approach, we chose lakes with different types of biogenetic formation and different classes of organomineral sediments and performed detailed studies of the relationship between the organic and mineral parts of the sediments. It has been established that the organomineral sediments of different classes and biogenetic types of formation differ not only in the contents of major elements (Si, Ca, C, and O) but also in the group composition of organic matter. The direct effect of the transformation of organic matter on the mineral composition of bottom sediments has been revealed. The contents of other elements vary in a narrow range of values. At the same time, the difference in the contents of elements between organomineral sediments of different types and classes is comparable with their difference within a class. The leading role in the formation of the geochemical and mineral compositions of the organomineral sediments of small lakes belongs to intricate biological, biochemical, and physicochemical processes depending mainly on azonal factors and occurring under prolonged freezing-up (anaerobic conditions).
Charm and Beauty Production Cross-Section Measurements in Deep Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering at HERA
Authors: Aushev V. 
Published: September 2019

The open charm and beauty production cross-sections in the deep inelastic ep scattering (DIS) at HERA from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations are combined. Reduced cross-sections are obtained in the kinematic range of negative four-momentum transfer squared of a photon 2.5≤ Q2 ≤2000 GeV2 and the Bjorken scaling variable 3×10¬5 ≤ xBj ≤5×10¬2. The different charm- and beauty-tagging methods are used for the heavy-flavor production study in DIS. The combined method accounts for the correlations of systematic uncertainties, as well as statistical uncertainties among the different datasets. Perturbative QCD (pQCD) calculations are compared to the measured combined data. A NLO QCD analysis is performed using these data together with the combined inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross-sections from HERA. The running charm- and beauty-quark masses are determined as mc(mc) = 1,290+0,046−0,041(exp /fit)+0,062−0,014(model)+0,03−0,031(parametrization) GeV and mb(mb) = 4,049+0,104−0,109(exp /fit)+0,090−0,032(model)+0,001−0,031(parametrization) GeV.
Induced Color Charges, Effective γγG Vertex in QGP. Applications to Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Skalozub V. 
Published: September 2019

We calculate the induced color charges Q3ind,Q8ind and the effective vertex y−y-gluon generated in a quark-gluon plasma with the A0 condensate because of the color C-parity violation at this background. To imitate the case of heavy-ion collisions, we consider the model of the plasma confined in the narrow infinite plate and derive the classical gluon potentials ¯ ф3 and ¯ ф8 produced by these charges. Two applications – the scattering of photons on a plasma and the conversion of gluon fields in two photons radiated from the plasma – are discussed.
Examining the relationship between fitness-related self-conscious emotions, disordered eating symptoms, and morbid exercise behavior: An exploratory study
Authors: Alcaraz-Ibáñez Manuel , Sicilia Álvaro , Dumitru Delia C. , Paterna Adrian , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: September 2019

Background and aims
Theoretical models of morbid exercise behavior (MEB) suggest that it may emerge as a result of complex interactions between a range of psychosocial factors. However, in spite of fitness-related self-conscious emotions involving such factors, their relationship with the risk of MEB has never been investigated. Consequently, this study had two objectives. First, to explore the relationship that fitness-related self-conscious emotions have with (a) symptoms reflecting MEB as assessed by the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R) and (b) exercise frequency. Second, to examine whether these relationships might vary according to disordered eating symptoms.

Methods
A sample of 646 undergraduate students (59% males; Mage = 21.25; SDage = 2.94) completed a self-reported questionnaire.

Results
After controlling for age, sex, and disordered eating symptoms, it was found that shame, hubristic pride, and authentic pride positively explained MEB; for their part, guilt (negatively) and authentic pride (positively) explained exercise frequency. The positive relationships between pride and MEB were weaker (in the case of the hubristic facet) or stronger (in the case of the authentic facet) under higher levels of disordered eating symptoms. The independent variables explained 29% (EAI), 28% (EDS-R), and 27% (exercise frequency) of the variance in dependent variables.

Discussion
Tempering fitness-related emotions of shame, guilt, hubristic pride, and authentic pride may contribute to healthier exercise behavior.
Strategies for self-controlling social media use: Classification and role in preventing social media addiction symptoms
Authors: Brevers Damien , Turel Ofir 
Published: September 2019

Background and aims
Many people present excessive patterns of social networking site (SNS) use and try to self-regulate it. However, little is known regarding the strategies employed by young adult SNS users and their role in preventing the emergence of addiction-like symptoms in relation to SNS use.

Methods
In Study 1, we employed a naturalistic-qualitative approach for finding commonly employed self-control strategies in relation to SNS use. In Study 2, we examined differences between the frequency and difficulty of the strategies identified in Study 1 and tested the process through which trait self-control exerts influence on reducing SNS addiction symptomology.

Results
Study 1 revealed six families of self-control strategies, some reactive and some proactive. Study 2 pinpointed the most commonly used and most difficult to enact ones. It also showed that the difficulty to enact self-control strategies in relation to SNS use partially mediates the effect of trait self-control via SNS use habit on SNS addiction symptom severity.

Conclusions
Taken together, the present findings revealed that strategies for self-controlling SNS use are common and complex. Their theoretical and clinical significance stems from their ability to prevent the translation of poor trait self-control and strong SNS use habit to the emergence of excessive use as manifested in SNS addiction-like symptoms.
The Education Value of “Ki Bodronolo” Folklore
Authors: Darojat Stillia Mubarokah , Suyitno Suyitno , Subiyantoro Slamet 
Published: September 2019

This study aims to describe the folklore of Ki Bodronolo and examine the educational value contained in it so that it is useful for people, especially people of Karangkembang village, Alian Disctrict, Kebumen Regency, and the educational environment especially for teachers and students. This is a descriptive qualitative study using content analysis method. There are two aspects analyzed. They are the folklore of Ki Brodonolo, the educational value of the folklore of Ki Brodonolo, and the relevance of the folklore of Ki Brodonolo in the literature learning in junior high school. From the study, it can be concluded that: the folklore of Ki Brodonolo contains various educational value which are moral educational value, custom/tradition educational value, religious educational value, and heroic educational value. In addition, the folklore of Ki Madusena Astrabaya is also relevant as a literature learning material for junior high school students.
Effectiveness of Critical Thinking about Radicalism Issue (CTRI) on Critical Reading Activities: A Quasi Experimental Study
Authors: Hariyati Nuria Reny , Septiana Hespi 
Published: September 2019

This research explains about increasing the ability to think critically to ward off radical issues in critical reading activities in college. This research approach uses a quasi-Times Design Series with Control Group experiment that uses two classes of the same level. The analysis of this study used One Way Anova with a significance level of 0.05. The results and discussion of this study indicate there is significance, namely 0.049 in the final test of the two groups, which means that there are significant differences in CTRI (Critical Thingking about Radicalism Issue) on critical reading learning. Thus, CTRI (Critical Thingking about Radicalism Issue) has a significant effect on critical reading learning.
Heritage Land Pawn Agreement in Nagari Koto Tangah, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Ilham Yudha , Kurniawarman Kurniawarman , Rias Irzal , Sari Putri Gemala 
Published: September 2019

Pawning of heritage land (tanah pusako) is agenerally implemented by community inTilatang KamangDistrict, Nagari Koto Tangahof West Sumatera Province, Indonesia. There are some differences between the heritage land pawning agreement in the area with that have been regulated in Indonesian positive law. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study how tobind the pawn agreement over heritage land in Nagari Koto Tangah. The method of the study was using an empirical juridical approach. The data used in this study were primary data in the form of interviews and observations in the field, while secondary data consists of document learning. The result showed that the method of heritage land pawning agreement in Nagari Koto Tangah is carried out ina written documents and is witnessed and known by the penghulu (tribal chief) of each party, and Nagari Koto Tangah already manage the ruleof the registration of the land pawn agreement.
Investigation of Guide's Perception and Understanding of Nonverbal behavior employed by Foreign Guesses during transactional Negotiation at Lembar Harbour
Authors: Deniyasa Ekasaputra Dewe Gede 
Published: September 2019

The importance of using nonverbal communication (NVC) is as a complement to spoken expressions when especially communicating with people of different background. On one hand, NVC is used to convey meaning in which verbal words can’t convey meaning, and is used to express attitudes and emotions in interpersonal relations. On the other hand, NVC is used to convey intended meaning when the addressor can’t fully understand against the addresse with different socioculture. Since NVC is very important in conversation particularly when communicating with foreigners. Therefore, this study concerns with guide’s understanding and perception on NVC in transactional negotiation. The paper used quailitative and quantitative research trying to see the common forms of NVC expressed by two sides. The sample is all guides and is taken from the field in which conversation takes place. This research used observation to see actual data of on going discourse and used camera recorder to see the common NVC employed by guides and foreign guesses and asking guide’s understanding through questionnaires and perception through interview. The result showed that most of guides about 90% understand the basic forms of NVC such as head nodding and shaking, hand shaking, finger sign and eye contact while other forms, 73% of guides doesn’t understand nonverbal sign used by guesses during conversation, and about 89 % of them said that the involvement of Nonverbal Communication is very important to bridge words and lack of vocabulary. However, because majority of them lack of knowledge on nonverbal signs leads them to ignore such things.
Needs Analysis of Employee Performance in Center for Community Training Ministry of Village, Development Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration the Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Sugiman Iman , Luthfie Muchtar , Taufikkurohman Rizal 
Published: September 2019

This research aims to needs analysis that required in order improving the performance of Center for Community Training Ministry of Village Development Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration the Republic of Indonesia. In this research used three phases of Needs Assessment by Witkin, and Altschuld (1996) that such as Phase of Pre-assessment Phase of Assessment, and also Phase of Post Assessment. This study steps have reviewed the scope of research and main issue of performance problem, determined the ideal performance condition, identified the gaps between ideal and actual condition, determined the performance needs, explored the causes, and proposed alternative recommended solutions. The Instruments used survey, interview, and documentation with the respondent consist of three of section head, three of section staff, two of expert review, and 30 employees. The result shows based on three phases of Needs Assessment, out of six aspects, only four aspects are stated to be ideal related to the task and function implementation. In addition to these aspects, two other aspects have gaps, giving rise to performance requirements given alternative solution recommendations.
Assessment of the International Criminal Court’s Prosecutor Role in Darfur Crisis, Sudan (the case of Omer Al-Bashir)
Authors: Dibu Worku , Moges Abtewold 
Published: September 2019

In various countries throughout the world when rebel groups make an attack on innocent civilian and commit gross human rights violation, it is not punishable by the national courts. However, in 1998 a grounding breaking idea turned into reality, and 50 years of debate ended as the first International Criminal Court was established as a result of the Rome Statute. The Court entertains or investigates different crimes which are committed in its member’s sates across the world. However, the writers of this paper prefer the situation in Darfur; the case of Al Basher is selected as a context to discuss the role of the ICC Prosecutor. This is mainly preferred because Sudan has been the first situation referred by the Security Council since the ICC was established and the state concerned Sudan is not a party to the Rome Statute, therefore this situation has its particularities compared with others. In spite of this a lot of controversies and misconceptions are being witnessed on the understandings and implementation of international laws in Africa between ICC and African leaders. Basically, the controversy and misconception is not something emanates from the vacuum rather they are generated from various prevailing thoughts. African states accuse ICC as a neo colonialist institution targeting African leaders in addition to alleging ICC as playing double standard role in African and the rest of the world for instance ICC prosecution till now only in Africa in spite of Israel-Palestine and Afghanistan where the western countries have major interest from the conflict. Hence, the analysis of role the International Criminal Court’s Prosecutor in Darfur Crisis, Sudan (the case of Omer Al-Bashir) is centered in line with main objective of the establishing Rome Statue in July 2002 which thrives that all member states of UN have to have the same standard in their respective territories.