bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Response to Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease Delays Time to Nursing Home Placement
Authors: Wattmo Carina , Londos Elisabet , Minthon Lennart 
Published: May 2018

Background:
A varying response to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment has been reported
among patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether the individual-specific response directly
affects time to nursing home placement (NHP) was not investigated.

Objective:
We examined the relationship between the 6-month response to ChEI and institutionalization.

Methods:
In a prospective, observational, multicenter study, 881 outpatients with a clinical AD diagnosis
and a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 10-26 at the start of ChEI therapy (baseline) were included.
The participants were evaluated using cognitive, global, and activities of daily living (ADL)
scales at baseline and semiannually over 3 years. The date of NHP was recorded.

Results:
During the study, 213 patients (24%) were admitted to nursing homes. The mean ± standard
deviation time from baseline (AD diagnosis) to NHP was 20.8 ± 9.3 months. After 6 months of ChEI
treatment, the improved/unchanged individuals had longer time to NHP than those who worsened. The
prolonged time to NHP was 3 months for cognitive response (P=0.022), 4 months for global response
(P=0.004), 6 months for basic ADL response (P<0.001), and 8 months for response in all three scales
(P<0.001). No differences were detected between the improved and unchanged groups in any scales.

Conclusion:
Patients who exhibit a positive short-term response to ChEI can expect to stay in their own
home for 3-8 months longer. These findings underline the importance of a comprehensive clinical examination
including various assessment scales to evaluate treatment response and provide a more accurate
prognosis.
Assessment of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Ficus carica and Olea europaea L. Leaves Extracts
Authors: Benslama Abderrahim , Deghima Amirouche , Righi Nadjat 
Published: May 2018

Background:Ficus carica and Olea europaea are two medicinal plants which are widely distributed in Algeria, and used in food and traditional medicine.Objective:The objective of this work is the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of different extracts of F. carica and O. europaea, for ends of flora valorization in Algeria.Methods:The dried leaves of the concerned plants Ficus carica and Olea europaea were submitted to sequential extraction with solvents of increasing polarity to give hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. The total phenolic and flavonoids were determined spectrophoto-metrically. The antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated using 1,1’-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicalscavenging and ferric reducing power test.Results:The results of the quantitative analysis show that the Methanolic Extract (ME) gives the highest yield with 16.43% and 19.98% for F. carica and O. europaea respectively. The analysis show that the highest amount of phenolic compounds was recorded in the ME of O. europaea (171.40±6.79 µg GAE/ mg E), when the the highest amount of flavonoids was recorded in the CHE of the F. carica (34.06± 0.05 µg QE/ mg E). In addition, the results show that the Ethyle Acetat Extract (EAE) exhibit the highest antiradical activity against DPPH free radical with an EC50=45.21±1.12 and 8.20±0.37 µg/ml for F. carica and O. europaea, respectively. Moreover, the EAE of the two plants present the highest reducing effect compared to other extracts at concentration of 200 µg/ml.Conclusion:The obtained results revealed the presence of a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity of the extract and its total phenolic content. Furthermore, they reported that the EAE have a considerable antioxidant capacity. This can be considered as an alternate natural source of antioxidants used generally as additives in food and pharmaceutical preparation.
Exploring the Free Radical Trapping Ability of Green Tea Extracts by Optimizing Extraction Conditions
Authors: Ashfaq Faiza , Butt Masood S. , Bilal Ahmad , Suleria Hafiz A.R. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The importance of polyphenols to curb lifestyle related disorders has also
raised the worth of green tea polycatechins. Besides, optimization of extraction conditions is gaining
wide acceptance to attain maximum polyphenols out of plant matrix.

Methods:
Considering the fact, in the present study, nine green tea solvent extracts were prepared by
optimizing solvents; aqueous ethanol, aqueous acetone and aqueous ethyl acetate in 1:1 ratio and extraction
time; 35, 50 & 65 min at constant temperature 50ºC to achieve an optimal quantity of green tea
polycatechins.

Results:
The results indicated significant impact of extraction solvents and time on phytochemistry and
free radical scavenging potential with maximum potential attained by acetone extracts of green tea at 50
min i.e. total polyphenols 1325.81±64.85 mg GAE/100g, flavonoids 139.78±5.42 mg/100g, DPPH (1,1-
diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) inhibition 86.69±4.01%, β-carotene & linoleic acid assay 78.47±3.57%,
FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) value 19.36±0.94 mM/L Fe+2, ABTS [2, 2'-azino-bis(3-
ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] value 11.10±0.49 μM Trolox Eq/g and metal chelating activity
16.93±0.81 mg EDTA/g.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, acetone as solvent and 50 min extraction time have proven optimized extraction
conditions for green tea polycatechins.
Cold Physical Plasma-Treated Buffered Saline Solution as Effective Agent Against Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Bekeschus Sander , Käding André , Schröder Tim , Wende Kristian , Hackbarth Christine , Liedtke Kim R. , van der Linde Julia , von  Woedtke Thomas , Heidecke Claus-Dieter , Partecke Lars-Ivo 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Cold physical plasma has been suggested as a new anticancer tool recently. However,
direct use of plasma is limited to visible tumors and in some clinical situations, is not feasible. This includes
repetitive treatment of peritoneal metastases, which commonly occur in advanced gastrointestinal cancer and in
pancreatic cancer in particular. In case of diffuse intraperitoneal metastatic spread, Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal
Intraoperative Chemotherapy (HIPEC) is used as a therapeutic approach. Plasma-treated solutions may combine
non-toxic characteristics with the anticancer effects of HIPEC. Previous work has provided evidence for an anticancer
efficacy of plasma-treated cell culture medium but the clinical relevance of such an approach is low due
to its complex formulation and lack of medical accreditation.

Objective:
Plasma-treated Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS), which closely resembles medically certified solutions,
was investigated for its cytotoxic effect on 2D monolayer murine pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.

Methods:
Toxicity studies of primary murine fibroblasts, PDA6606 murine pancreatic cancer cells, and COLO
357 human pancreatic cancer cells exposed to plasma-treated PBS were performed.

Results:
Plasma-treated PBS significantly decreased cancer cell metabolisms and proliferation whereas
plasma-treated Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium had no effect. Moreover, tumor cell growth attenuation was
significantly higher when compared to syngeneic primary murine fibroblasts. Both results were confirmed in a
human pancreatic cancer cell line. Finally, plasma-treated PBS also decreased the size of pancreatic tumors in a
three-dimensional manner, and induction of apoptosis was found to be responsible for all anticancer effects
identified.

Conclusion:
Plasma-treated PBS inhibited cell growth in 2D and 3D models of cancer. These results may help
facilitate the development of new plasma-derived anticancer agent with clinical relevance in the future.
An Outbreak of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Iranian Referral Hospital: Epidemiology and Molecular Typing
Authors: Mahmoudi Shima , Pourakbari Babak , Rahbarimanesh Aliakbar , Abdosalehi Mohammad Reza , Ghadiri Keyghobad , Mamishi Setareh 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of nosocomial infections; however, there is limited information in Iran regarding nosocomial outbreaks due to extended-spectrum &amp;#946;–lactamase (ESBL) producing K pneumoniae strains, particularly using molecular methods. The present study focused on the molecular mechanism of ESBL resistance and genetic relatedness in K. pneumoniae isolates causing nosocomial infections in an Iranian referral hospital.Material and Methods:This study evaluated the antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae causing nosocomial infections in children between October 2013 and March 2014. The ESBL detection was carried out for all the isolates by the CLSI method and PCR was carried out for the detection of the blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M genes among ESBL-producing K. pneumonia. Molecular typing of the K. pneumoniae was performed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR).Results:A total of 30 isolates of K. pneumoniae were used for epidemiological analysis. High rates of resistance to cefotaxime (n=29, 97%), cefazolin (n=29, 97%), cefepime (n=25, 83%) and gentamicin (n=23, 77%) were observed. A total of 29 strains (97%) produced ESBLs. The frequency of blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes among these isolates was 83% (n=25), 70% (n=21) and 57% (n=17), respectively. Surprisingly 11 isolated (37%) carried blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes simultaneously. Moreover, the concurrent presence of “blaSHV and blaCTX-M” and “blaSHV and blaTEM” was seen in 8 (27%) and 4 (13%) isolates, respectively. RAPDPCR analyses revealed that K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to 2 RAPD-PCR types among which one cluster counted for 28 isolates.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first published report of a nosocomial outbreak of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in children in Iran. Although the epidemiology of nosocomial infections with ESBL-producing organisms has not yet been explored in depth in Iran, our findings suggest that ESBL-producing organisms are already an established public health threat in our country.
Expression of Phi11 Gp07 Causes Filamentation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Das Avijit , Biswas Sumit , Biswas Malabika 
Published: May 2018

Background:The Gp07 protein of aureophage Phi11 exhibits growth inhibitory effects when overexpressed inE. coli.The protein harbors two domains- an amino terminal Bro-like domain and a carboxy terminal Ant superfamily like KilA domain, of which the KilA domain retains the growth inhibitory effect of Gp07.Methods:We studied the effects exerted by the overexpression of Gp07 and its separate domains upon the growth rate as well as the morphology of theE. colicells. Additionally, we generated a mutant of Gp07 (designated as ΔGp07) by deleting the first eleven amino acid residues from the amino-terminal region of Gp07, and studied its growth inhibitory effects uponE. coli.Results:Our results indicate that Gp07, ΔGp07 as well as the Carboxy-terminal region of Gp07 upon overexpression, retards the growth rate of theE. colicells and also induces filamentation in the cells. Surprisingly, our data clearly suggests that the growth inhibition and filamentation induced by the the amino-terminal domain of Gp07 is temporal in nature.Conclusion:The carboxy-terminal of domain of gp07 is essential for its activity.
Oxytetracycline-Protein Complex: The Dark Side of Pet Food
Authors: Di Cerbo Alessandro , Scarano Antonio , Pezzuto Federica , Guidetti Gianandrea , Canello Sergio , Pinetti Diego , Genovese Filippo , Corsi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2018

Background:Worldwide antibiotic abuse represents a huge burden, which can have a deep impact on pet and human health through nutrition and medicalization representing another way of antibiotic resistance transmission.Objective:We aimed our research to determine a possible complex formation between biological bone substrates, such as proteins, and Oxytetracycline (OTC), an approved antibiotic for use in zootechny, which might determine a toxic effect on K562 cells.Method:Cell viability and HPLC-ESI/QqToF assays were used to assess potential toxicity of bone extract derived from OTC-treated chickens according to standard withdrawal times and from untreated chickens at 24, 48 and 72h of incubation.Results:Cell culture medium with ground bone from chickens reared in the presence of OTC (OTC-CCM) resulted significantly cytotoxic at every incubation time regardless of the bone concentration while cell culture medium with ground bone from chickens reared without OTC (BIO-CCM) resulted significantly cytotoxic only after 72h of incubation. HPLC-ESI/QqToF assay ruled out the possible presence of OTC main derivatives possibly released by bone within culture medium until 1 μg/mL.Conclusion:The presence of a protein complex with OTC is able to exert a cytotoxic effect once released in the medium after 24-48h of incubation.
Measurement of Symptom Change Following Web-Based Psychotherapy: Statistical Characteristics and Analytical Methods for Measuring and Interpreting Change
Authors: Karin Eyal , Dear Blake F , Heller Gillian Z , Gandy Milena , Titov Nickolai 
Published: May 2018

Background
Accurate measurement of treatment-related change is a key part of psychotherapy research and the investigation of treatment efficacy. For this reason, the ability to measure change with accurate and valid methods is critical for psychotherapy.

Objective
The aims of this study were to (1) explore the underlying characteristics of depressive symptom change, measured with the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), following psychotherapy, and (2) compare the suitability of different ways to measure and interpret symptom change. A treatment sample of Web-based psychotherapy participants (n=1098) and a waitlist sample (n=96) were used to (1) explore the statistical characteristics of depressive symptom change, and (2) compare the suitability of two common types of change functions: linear and proportional change.

Methods
These objectives were explored using hypotheses that tested (1) the relationship between baseline symptoms and the rate of change, (2) the shape of symptom score distribution following treatment, and (3) measurement error associated with linear and proportional measurement models.

Results
Findings demonstrated that (1) individuals with severe depressive baseline symptoms had greater reductions in symptom scores than individuals with mild baseline symptoms (11.4 vs 3.7); however, as a percentage measurement, change remained similar across individuals with mild, moderate, or severe baseline symptoms (50%-55%); (2) positive skewness was observed in PHQ-9 score distributions following treatment; and (3) models that measured symptom change as a proportional function resulted in greater model fit and reduced measurement error (<30%).

Conclusions
This study suggests that symptom scales, sharing an implicit feature of score bounding, are associated with a proportional function of change. Selecting statistics that overlook this proportional change (eg, Cohen d) is problematic and leads to (1) artificially increased estimates of change with higher baseline symptoms, (2) increased measurement error, and (3) confounded estimates of treatment efficacy and clinical change. Implications, limitations, and idiosyncrasies from these results are discussed.
The Survival of Reasonableness Review: Confirming the Boundaries
Authors: Jhaveri Swati 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPredictions have been made about the inevitable demise of judicial review of executive action on the grounds of ‘reasonableness’ for some time. This is especially heightened as and when other substantive grounds of judicial review–for example, proportionality and review for material error of fact–emerge and gain traction. It is argued that these newer grounds are much better suited to the task of reviewing the substance of executive decision-making and they, therefore, reduce the appetite for reasonableness review. This paper considers attempts to retain such review in England, Australia and Canada, notwithstanding the flourishing of other substantive grounds of review. It evauates the reasons, particular to each jurisdiction, for retaining reasonableness review. In the English context, it could be a useful tool to slow down advances in the scope of review. In the Australian context, it could be a suitable vehicle for the incremental expansion of substantive review relative to proportionality, in a way that is not too disruptive of the relatively conservative approach to judicial review on questions of substance. In the Canadian context, it is the only counterpoint available to correctness as a standard of review in the area of substantive review. It could be argued that the retention of a standard of review–like reasonableness–that has a tendency towards deference is misplaced in an era where there appears to be a growing interest in strengthening a culture of justification in the executive through stronger judicial review. Here the aims of the paper are modest. It is not being suggested that reasonableness review should be the sole or primary ground for substantive review. Instead, the paper argues that there is some merit in retaining a tool that is more readily capable of a deferential application (relative to proportionality or correctness as standards of review). The merit of reasonableness review lies in its cautious approach rather than its potential to grow into a strong or sufficient tool of review and, indeed, it is not necessary for it to do so in today's substantive review landscape.
Preface
Authors: Sutomo Adi Heru , Graber Mark A. 
Published: May 2018

1. The development of Primary Care Medicine is a reality that must soon be realized in all countries in the world, including Indonesia. For that reason alone the development of Primary Care Doctors or DLP in Indonesia does not need to be questioned any more. But many relevant questions remain. Related to this statement, if Indonesia does not want to be left behind by our neighbors, such as Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Australia, India, Pakistan, Japan, and others, the improvement of medical services at the primary level should be implemented immediately. Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (RPCPE) is a published journal that accommodates various activities related to current views and studies which relate to primary care at the local, regional, national or even international level, so from that perspective the RPCPE is published. We invite and encourage anyone and from anywhere to contribute their ideas, thoughts or ideas concerning the content of this journal. Please send your criticisms and suggestions as well as any responses to the posts contained in this journal. We welcome your input for the future of DLP....... By Adi Heru Sutomo 2. Welcome to the inaugural issue of “Review of Primary Care Practice and Education” (RPCPE), the Indonesian, journal dedicated to the science and practice of Primary Care. The recognition of Primary Care Doctors as a specialty by the government and other specialty boards has been a long time coming. It is a great step forward for Primary Care, Primary Care Doctors and more importantly, for the people of Indonesia. Finally, this is an acknowledgment of your expertise in primary care and of all of the hard work you do every day for your patients. Recognition at the national level is only a first step. We now have the task of developing training programs and certifications for those physicians who are already in practice..... By Mark A. Graber
HISTÓRIA ANUNCIADA: CRÔNICAS DE CAMILLO DE JESUS LIMA, UM INTELECTUAL “DE ESQUERDA”
Authors: Meira Esmeralda Guimarães , Almeida José Rubens Mascarenhas de 
Published: May 2018

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de um estudo sobre Camillo de Jesus Lima (1912 - 1975), escritor de contos, críticas, romances, crônicas e poesias. Teve sete livros publicados entre 1941 e 1973, sendo vencedor do prêmio Raul de Leoni, em 1942, pela Academia Carioca de Letras, com o livro Poemas, mas grande parte de sua extensa obra em prosa e em verso permanece inédita. A escrita camilliana ocupou as páginas dos jornais em meados do século XX, quando atuou como redator, crítico de rodapé e cronista. Por algum tempo esteve engajado na luta socialista, fazendo sempre da pena uma arma de combate. Lutou contra a exploração, defendendo a liberdade e a igualdade social, tanto em sua militância política, como na sua produção literária. O propósito deste recorte é reconhecer a sua concepção crítica de mundo, uma revelação da memória histórica e de uma obra silenciada e esquecida. A análise da relação entre literatura e história que aqui realizamos fundamenta-se na dialética marxista, tomando como fonte documentos do arquivo pessoal do escritor, em especial, crônicas publicadas no jornal O Combate, nos anos 1944 e 1947. Trata-se de um convite à leitura da crítica que o autor fez da história do seu momento histórico (final da segunda guerra mundial e imediato pós-guerra) sob uma perspectiva socialista ou, como dito por ele, “de esquerda”. O artigo busca resgatar a intensa participação do intelectual Camillo de Jesus Lima no panorama literário brasileiro do século XX, voz que reverbera atual nos nossos dias, por meio de sua obra, principalmente, no concernente à relação história e literatura.
IMPLEMENTASI 7 KEBIASAAN DALAM MENGHADAPI GLOBALISASI FAKULTAS ILMU KOMPUTER UNIVERSITAS DIAN NUSWANTORO SEMARANG
Authors: Hendriyanto Novi 
Published: May 2018

Dalam perkembangan teknologi, ada pertumbuhan yang tidak kalah penting, yaitu karakter dan kebiasaan. Kebiasaan merupakan hal yang dapat membentuk karakter di masa depan dan hal ini akan sangat berpengaruh pada dihasilkannya sumber daya manusia yang handal. Pada riset ini akan diperlihatkan bahwa dengan melatih 7 kebiasaan yang sangat efektif dari Stephen R.Covey, maka akan dihasilkan sebuah bentuk manusia baru yang sangat berkualitas tinggi, dimana manusia yang dihasilkan adalah manusia yang mempunyai inovasi, kreatifitas dan dapat menghasilkan produk-produk yang berguna buat komunitasnya dan memiliki kebiasaan, karakter, dan sikap yang dapat diandalkan sebagai seorang innovator, pemimpin dan staff. Inilah yang dinamakan dengan pertumbuhan secara aksi dan bukan pertumbuhan scientific. Memang perlu diakui konsep daripada suatu pengetahuan memang penting karena merupakan dasar dari kemampuan yang harus dikuasai, tetapi perlu sejalan dengan pertumbuhan kebiasaan. Lebih jauh lagi, riset ini akan menjelaskan hubungannya dengan universitas, dosen dan mahasiswa lebih mendalam.