bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treadmill training in patients affected by Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, single‐blind, controlled study
Authors: Mori L. , Signori A. , Prada V. , Pareyson D. , Piscosquito G. , Padua L. , Pazzaglia C. , Fabrizi G. M. , Picelli A. , Schenone A. ,   TreSPE study group
Published: August 2019

Background and purposeMuscle‐strengthening, stretching or proprioceptive treatments may slow symptom progression in Charcot—Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. The aim of the study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of treadmill training in CMT1A.MethodsWe planned a multicenter, prospective, randomized, single‐blind, controlled study. We recruited 53 outpatients affected by CMT1A and randomized them into two treatment groups: one underwent stretching and proprioceptive exercise, whereas the other was additionally treated with treadmill training (TreSPE). Primary outcome measures (OMs) were the walking evaluations and secondary OM was the balance assessment. All participants were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment.ResultsMost patients showed an improvement in at least one OM after 3 months [42/47 (89.4%)] and 6 months [38/40 (95%)] of treatment. No adverse events were reported in either group.ConclusionsThe most important finding was that both stretching and proprioceptive exercise and treadmill training had an objective benefit on patients affected by CMT disease, without causing overwork weakness. We had a low rate of drop out and did not find deterioration in motor performance. Our results also confirm that applying evidence‐based medicine methods to rehabilitative research is the correct way to test the efficacy of a treatment.
Activation of human vascular endothelium in melanoma metastases induces ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin expression and results in increased infiltration with effector lymphocytes
Authors: Weishaupt Carsten , Steinert Meike , Brunner Georg , Schulze Hans‐Joachim , Fuhlbrigge Robert C. , Goerge Tobias , Loser Karin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLymphocytic infiltration into melanoma tissue is an important prerequisite for effective antitumoral immunity. However, analysis of human metastatic melanoma has shown that leucocyte adhesion receptor expression on melanoma blood vessels is very low or absent, thereby impairing the entry of cytotoxic lymphocytes into tumor tissue. We hypothesized that adhesion molecules can be induced on melanoma vasculature allowing better infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Quantitative real‐time PCR and immunofluorescence staining indicated that the adhesion molecules ICAM‐1 (CD54) and E‐selectin (CD62E) can be significantly induced by intralesional application of TNF alpha in tissue from human melanoma metastases either in vitro or in vivo when grafted onto immunodeficient NSG (NOD.Cg‐PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ) mice that preserved human vessels. Furthermore, activated human autologous CD3+ lymphocytes were injected intravenously into mice bearing melanoma xenografts treated with TNF‐α or PBS in addition to the leucocyte chemoattractant TARC (CCL17). Significantly increased numbers of CD8+ cells were detected in TNF‐α–treated melanoma metastases compared with PBS‐treated controls. In addition, tumor cell apoptosis was enhanced and melanoma cell proliferation reduced as shown by TUNEL assay and KI‐67 staining. We conclude that adhesion molecules can be induced on human melanoma vasculature resulting in significantly improved homing of activated autologous cytotoxic T cells to melanoma tissue and inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation. These observations should be considered when designing protocols for immunotherapy of malignant melanoma.
Temperature effect on the deformation and optical quality of moulded glass lenses in precision glass moulding
Authors: Li Kangsen , Xu Gang , Huang Xinfang , Xie Zhiwen , Gong Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to thoroughly investigate the effect of temperature on the deformation behavior and optical performance of moulded glass in a nonuniform temperature field. Experiments and numerical simulations were used to analyze how different temperature gradients distributed across a glass cylinder affected the deformation behavior of the moulded glass. Additionally, the imaging quality of the moulded glass lens was detected using the optical measurement system. The results show that the overall shape of the moulded glass cylinder was mainly determined by the value of the temperature gradient. The larger temperature gradient led to smaller deformation angle θ in the moulded glass cylinder. Temperature difference inside the glass dominantly affected the deformation behavior and surface morphology in the nonuniform temperature field, which greatly determines the imaging quality of glass lenses. The results of this study are significant for glass lens fabrication.
Benthic ctenophore (Order Platyctenida) reproduction, recruitment, and seasonality in south Florida
Authors: Glynn Peter W. , Coffman Brian , Primov Karim , Renegar D. Abigail , Gross Julie , Blackwelder Patricia , Martinez Nicolas , Dominguez Joshua , Vanderwoude Jeongran , Riegl Bernhard M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReproductive structures, modes, and seasonal patterns of size–class abundances are examined in two benthic platyctene (Family Coeloplanidae) ctenophore species present in dissimilar shallow marine environments in subtropical southeast Florida. Coeloplana waltoni, a minute (1–3 mm body length) epizoic associate of octocorals, occurs in exposed environments often under turbulent conditions, and Vallicula multiformis (2–10 mm) commonly occurs epiphytically on macroalgae in protected, calm‐water environments. Reproductive activity in C. waltoni is most active during the warm‐water summer season (June–October); gonadal development in V. multiformis occurs year‐round, and is most pronounced during sea‐warming periods in late spring (May) and late summer to early autumn (August–October), with release of cydippid larvae. Both species are hermaphroditic brooders, exhibiting paedogenesis (early gonadal development) at body lengths approximately one‐third (Coeloplana) to one‐sixth (Vallicula) of maximum adult size. Juvenile individuals (<0.6 mm) increased in abundance in C. waltoni during the summer reproductive period, and large (≥1 mm) pink‐colored individuals comprised 50% or more of samples from July through September. Seasonal abundance of gravid individuals and the timing of cydippid larval release in V. multiformis did not correspond closely with juvenile or adult population densities. Asexual fragmentation occurred in both ctenophore species, but was observed more frequently in individuals of V. multiformis. This asexual mode of reproduction probably accounted in part for the discordance between ctenophore abundances and larval recruitment events by sexual means. Morphological structures and behaviors associated with reproduction are described in this study. Uncommon images of reproductive products (gametes, embryos, larvae), spawning events, brooding, and asexual fragmentation are included, some for the first time in the published literature.
Flux‐mediated synthesis and photocatalytic activity of NaNbO3 particles
Authors: Hamilton Adam M. , O'Donnell Shaun , Zoellner Brandon , Sullivan Ian , Maggard Paul A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing molten‐salt synthetic techniques, NaNbO3 (Space group Pbcm; No. 57) was prepared in high purity at a reaction time of 12 hours and a temperature of 900°C. All NaNbO3 products were prepared from stoichiometric ratios of Nb2O5 and Na2CO3 together with the addition of a salt flux introduced at a 10:1 molar ratio of salt to NaNbO3, that is, using the Na2SO4, NaF, NaCl, and NaBr salts. A solid‐state synthesis was performed in the absence of a molten salt to serve as a control. The reaction products were all found to be phase pure through powder X‐ray diffraction, for example, with refined lattice constants of a = 5.512(5) Å, b = 5.567(3) Å, and c = 15.516(8) Å from the Na2SO4 salt reaction. The products were characterized using UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to have a bandgap size of ~3.5 eV. The particles sizes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found to be dependent upon the flux type used, from ~<1 μm to >10 μm in length, with overall surface areas that could be varied from 0.66 m2/g (for NaF) to 1.55 m2/g (for NaBr). Cubic‐shaped particle morphologies were observed for the metal halide salts with the set of exposed (100)/(010)/(001) crystal facets, while a truncated octahedral morphology formed in the sodium sulfate salt reaction with predominantly the set of (110)/(101)/(011) crystal facets. The products were found to be photocatalytically active for hydrogen production under UV‐Vis irradiation, with the aid of a 1 wt% Pt surface cocatalyst. The platinized NaNbO3 particles were suspended in an aqueous 20% methanol solution and irradiated by UV‐Vis light (λ > 230 nm). After 6 hours of irradiation, the average total hydrogen production varied with the particle morphologies and sizes, with 753 µmol for Na2SO4, 334 µmol for NaF, 290 µmol for NaCl, 81 µmol for NaBr, and 249 µmol for the solid‐state synthesized NaNbO3. These trends show a clear relationship to particle sizes, with smaller particles showing higher photocatalytic activity in the order of NaF > NaCl > NaBr. Furthermore, the particle morphologies obtained from the Na2SO4 flux showed even higher photocatalytic activity, though having a relatively similar overall surface area, owing to the higher activity of the (110) crystal facets. The apparent quantum yield (100 mW/cm2, λ = 230 to 350 nm, pH = 7) was measured to be 3.7% for NaNbO3 prepared using the NaF flux, but this was doubled to 6.8% when prepared using the Na2SO4 flux. Thus, these results demonstrate the powerful utility of flux synthetic techniques to control particle sizes and to expose higher‐activity crystal facets to boost their photocatalytic activities for molecular hydrogen production.
Extracellular vesicles with ubiquitinated adenosine A2A receptor in plasma of patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Ruf Jean , Vairo Donato , Paganelli Franck , Guieu Régis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EV) can transfer cellular molecules for specific intercellular communication with potential relevance in pathological conditions. We searched for the presence in plasma from coronary artery disease (CAD) patients of EV containing the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), a signalling receptor associated with myocardial ischaemia and whose expression is related to homocysteine (HCy) metabolism. Using protein organic solvent precipitation for plasma EV preparation and Western blotting for protein identification, we found that plasma from CAD patients contained various amounts of EV with ubiquitin bound to A2AR. Interestingly, the presence of ubiquitinated A2AR in EV from patients was dependent on hyperhomocysteinemia, the amount being inversely proportional to A2AR expression in peripheral mononuclear cells in patients with the highest levels of HCy. CEM, a human T cell line, was also found to released EV containing various amounts of ubiquitinated A2AR in stimulated conditions depending on the hypoxic status and HCy level of culture medium. Together, these data show that ubiquitinated A2AR‐containing EV circulate in the plasma of CAD patients and that this presence is related to hyperhomocysteinemia. A2AR in plasma EV could be a useful tool for diagnosis and a promising drug for the treatment of CAD.
Cholinergic signalling mechanisms and early implant healing phases in healthy versus generalized aggressive periodontitis patients: A prospective, case–control study
Authors: Meriç Pınar , Buduneli Nurcan , Kanmaz Burcu , Gürlek Önder , Çömlekoğlu Erhan , Calvert Gareth , Lappin David F. , Nile Christopher 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsPeriodontal diseases negatively affect implant osseointegration. Perturbations in non‐neuronal cholinergic signalling mechanisms are associated with periodontitis; however, their role in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) is unknown. The aim of this prospective case–control study was to determine the relationship between non‐neuronal cholinergic signalling mechanisms, secreted Ly‐6/uPAR‐related protein‐1 (SLURP‐1), interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) family cytokines and healing of dental implants in health and GAgP.Material and MethodsThirteen GAgP patients and seven periodontally healthy individuals (PH) were recruited. Peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was obtained at baseline and 1 month post‐placement. Acetylcholine (ACh) levels and cholinesterase activity were determined biochemically. SLURP‐1, IL‐17A and IL‐17E levels were determined by ELISA. Marginal bone loss (MBL) at 1 and 6 months post‐placement was determined radiographically.ResultsThe concentration of ACh, cholinesterase activity and IL‐17A levels was elevated in PICF of patients with GAgP compared to PH individuals at baseline and 1 month post‐placement. The concentration of ACh and cholinesterase activity levels in PICF correlated with levels of IL‐17A and MBL around implants 1 month post‐placement in patients with GAgP.ConclusionsNon‐neuronal cholinergic mechanisms may play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of GAgP and may directly or indirectly, through modulation of IL‐17A, influence early implant osseointegration and potential long‐term implant survival.
Midlife Cardiovascular Status and Old Age Physical Functioning Trajectories in Older Businessmen
Authors: von Bonsdorff Mikaela B. , Haapanen Markus J. , Törmäkangas Timo , Pitkälä Kaisu H. , Stenholm Sari , Strandberg Timo E. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESThe associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and later physical functioning have been observed, but only a few studies with follow‐up into old age are available. We investigated the association between cardiovascular status in midlife and physical functioning trajectories in old age.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGHelsinki Businessmen Study.PARTICIPANTSWe studied white men born between 1919 and 1934 in the Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS, initial n = 3490).MEASUREMENTSThree CVD status groups were formed based on clinical measurements carried out in 1974: signs of CVD (diagnosed clinically or with changes in ECG, chronic disease present or used medication, n = 563); healthy and low CVD risk (n = 593) and high CVD risk (n = 1222). Of them, 1560 men had data on physical functioning from at least one of four data collection waves between 2000‐2010. Ten questions from the RAND‐36 (SF‐36) survey were used to construct physical functioning trajectories with latent class growth mixture models. Mortality was accounted for in competing risk models.RESULTSA five‐class solution provided the optimal number of trajectories: “intact,” “high stable,” “high and declining,” “intermediate and declining,” and “consistently low” functioning. Compared with low CVD risk, high CVD risk in midlife decreased the risk of being classified into the intact (fully adjusted β = −3.98; standard error = 2.0; P = .046) relative to the consistently low physical functioning trajectory. Compared with low CVD risk, those with signs of CVD were less likely to follow the intact, high stable, or high and declining relative to the consistently low trajectory (all P < .018).CONCLUSIONAmong businessmen, a more favorable CVD profile in midlife was associated with better development of physical functioning in old age. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2490–2496, 2019
Skin abnormalities in the Finnish National Gallery
Authors: Kluger Nicolas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe search for clinical signs suggestive of diseases and medical analysis in works of art and portraits is also known as iconodiagnosis. It raises discussions about underlying diseases and about whether the artist intended to represent them. We assessed the frequency of cutaneous signs in paintings on display in the permanent collections of the Ateneum and Sinebrychoff Art Museums, Finnish National Gallery in Helsinki. The most common feature was facial redness. Redness was mainly located on the cheeks with variable intensity according to paintings. Facial redness may be related to stylistic features, to make‐up of the sitter, or the painter intended to depict an individual in good health or a specific emotion. It may be also related to rosacea, a common feature in individuals with fair skin. Lupus was not evoked in any of the cases. Additional specific findings included mainly sun‐exposed skin lesions such as sun tan or chronic poikiloderma, skin aging (Milian's citrine skin), naevi, keratosis pilaris rubra, and ear piercing. We report here some specificities of the skin conditions displayed in the Finnish National Gallery. Examining from a dermatological point of view, works of art gives to a museum visit a twist.
Development of topical drug delivery system with Sphaeranthus indicus flower extract and its investigation on skin as a cosmeceutical product
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz Ibtesam , Khan Haji Muhammad Shoaib , Akhtar Naveed 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCosmetics are the products used to beautify the skin. Emulsion is a fine dispersion of two or more immiscible liquids. Sphaeranthus indicus is claimed to be used for skin beautification in folk medicine. Multiple emulsion was formulated containing the extract of S indicus flowers.AimsThis research study indicates that extract of S indicus flowers contains sufficient amount of polyphenols and also possess good antioxidant activity with mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity.MethodFurther, stable multiple emulsion was developed and stability testing was performed for 180 days by keeping the multiple emulsion at 8°C ± 1, 25°C ± 1, 40°C ± 1, and 40°C ± 1 with 75% ± 1 RH. Parameters checked were color change, phase distribution, viscosity, droplet size and size distribution, pH determination, and electrical conductivity. Sun protection factor (SPF) was determined which also showed promising results. Skin testing on human volunteers was done for 3 months after biosafety profiling of the most stable multiple emulsion.ResultsThis also showed remarkable effects. Skin erythema, melanin, and sebum were reduced. Skin hydration and elasticity were increased. There was also reduction in the number of skin large and small skin pores. Skin spot area was also reduced by the use of multiple emulsion loaded with S indicus flower extract. ANOVA test showed that all the effects produced on skin were significant, ie, P ≤ .05.ConclusionA stable multiple emulsion was developed which produced significant cosmetic effects on human skin.
A longitudinal investigation of trait‐goal concordance on goal progress: The mediating role of autonomous goal motivation
Authors: Moore Amanda , Holding Anne , Verner‐Filion Jeremie , Harvey Brenda , Koestner Richard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe present study investigated the benefits of matching personality traits with goal type (i.e., agentic or communal) for goal progress. Autonomous motivation was examined as a mediator.MethodsA multi‐wave prospective longitudinal design was employed to track the progress that 935 university students made in their personal goal pursuits over an academic year. Participants set three personal goals at baseline and completed measures of personality and goal motivation. Participants’ goals were coded as being either agentic or communal. Goal progress was assessed mid‐year (T2) and at the end of the academic year (T3). Goal motivation was reassessed mid‐year (T2).ResultsConscientiousness was significantly related to making better progress on agentic, but not communal, goals. Conversely, Extraversion was related to making communal, but not agentic, goal progress. These trait‐goal matching effects on progress were partially mediated by goal‐specific motivation, suggesting that the selection of goals that matched one's traits resulted in higher autonomous motivation at the start of the academic year.ConclusionsThe selection of trait concordant personal goals is associated with autonomous goal motivation and greater goal progress. This research integrates Self‐Determination Theory with trait theories of personality to enhance our understanding of variations in goal success.
How Referential Gestures Align With Speech: Evidence From Monolingual and Bilingual Speakers
Authors: Graziano Maria , Nicoladis Elena , Marentette Paula 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen speaking, people often produce gestures that are closely timed with the speech with which they constitute a semantically coherent unit. Analyzing the temporal patterns between the two modalities may reveal insights about how speakers plan them. Using elicited narratives, we tested English/French monolinguals and bilinguals to check whether bilinguals, known to experience a higher degree of competition in lexical access, show a different pattern of gesture–speech alignment compared to that of monolinguals. Results revealed no difference in the temporal patterns between gestures and co‐semantic speech for the two language groups. Synchronous gestures were significantly more frequent than asynchronous ones; asynchronous gestures both preceded and followed the correlated speech, yet preceding gestures tended to occur more often. A qualitative analysis conducted for asynchronous gestures revealed that they may serve a rhetoric function. We argue that the variability in gesture–speech timing results from speakers’ strategic use of gesture.
Role of flagellar hydrogen bonding in Salmonella motility and flagellar polymorphic transition
Authors: Wang Chu , Lunelli Michele , Zschieschang Erik , Bosse Jens Bernhard , Thuenauer Roland , Kolbe Michael 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBacterial flagellar filaments are assembled by tens of thousands flagellin subunits, forming 11 helically arranged protofilaments. Each protofilament can take either of the two bistable forms L‐type or R‐type, having slightly different conformations and inter‐protofilaments interactions. By mixing different ratios of L‐type and R‐type protofilaments, flagella adopt multiple filament polymorphs and promote bacterial motility. In this study, we investigated the hydrogen bonding networks at the flagellin crystal packing interface in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) by site‐directed mutagenesis of each hydrogen bonded residue. We identified three flagellin mutants D108A, N133A and D152A that were non‐motile despite their fully assembled flagella. Mutants D108A and D152A trapped their flagellar filament into inflexible right‐handed polymorphs, which resemble the previously predicted 3L/8R and 4L/7R helical forms in Calladine’s model but have never been reported in vivo. Mutant N133A produces floppy flagella that transform flagellar polymorphs in a disordered manner, preventing the formation of flagellar bundles. Further, we found that the hydrogen bonding interactions around these residues are conserved and coupled to flagellin L/R transition. Therefore, we demonstrate that the hydrogen bonding networks formed around flagellin residues D108, N133 and D152 greatly contribute to flagellar bending, flexibility, polymorphisms and bacterial motility.