bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic scoping review of psychological therapies for psychosis within acute psychiatric in-patient settings
Authors: Jacobsen Pamela , Hodkinson Kathleen , Peters Emmanuelle , Chadwick Paul 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPeople with psychotic disorders account for most acute admissions to psychiatric wards. Psychological therapies are a treatment adjunct to standard medication and nursing care, but the evidence base for such therapies within in-patient settings is unclear.AimsTo conduct a systematic scoping review of the current evidence base for psychological therapies for psychosis delivered within acute in-patient settings (PROSPERO: CRD42015025623).MethodAll study designs, and therapy models, were eligible for inclusion in the review. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EThOS, ProQuest, conference abstracts and trial registries.ResultsWe found 65 studies that met criteria for inclusion in the review, 21 of which were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The majority of studies evaluated cognitive–behavioural interventions. Quality was variable across all study types. The RCTs were mostly small (n<25 in the treatment arm), and many had methodological limitations including poorly described randomisation methods, inadequate allocation concealment and non-masked outcome assessments. We found studies used a wide range of different outcome measures, and relatively few studies reported affective symptoms or recovery-based outcomes. Many studies described adaptations to treatment delivery within in-patient settings, including increased frequency of sessions, briefer interventions and use of single-session formats.ConclusionsBased on these findings, there is a clear need to improve methodological rigour within in-patient research. Interpretation of the current evidence base is challenging given the wide range of different therapies, outcome measures and models of delivery described in the literature.Declaration of interestNone.
No Correlation of Pancreatic Fat and β-Cell Function in Young Women With and Without a History of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Popp Daniel , Aertsen Stephanie , Luetke-Daldrup Charlotte , Coppenrath Eva , Hetterich Holger , Saam Tobias , Rottenkolber Marietta , Seissler Jochen , Lechner Andreas , Sommer Nora N 
Published: June 2018

AbstractContextPancreatic steatosis may contribute to β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but data are controversial. Women who had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk for developing T2D.ObjectiveTo examine the association of pancreatic fat content with early/first-phase insulin secretion (as markers of β-cell function).DesignCross-sectional analysis of a subcohort of the monocentric, prospective cohort study titled Prediction, Prevention, and Subclassification of Type 2 Diabetes.SettingLudwig Maximilians University Hospital, Munich, Germany.ParticipantsNinety-seven women, 3 to 16 months after pregnancy [41 normoglycemic women post-GDM, 19 women post-GDM with pathological glucose metabolism, and 37 normoglycemic women after a normoglycemic pregnancy (controls)].Main Outcome MeasuresCorrelation of MRI-measured pancreatic fat content with early insulin release in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGGT) [insulin increment within the first 30 minutes of the OGTT (IR30)] and first-phase insulin response (FPIR) in an intravenous glucose tolerance test (n = 65), both adjusted for insulin sensitivity index (ISI).ResultsPancreatic fat content did not correlate with IR30 and FPIR adjusted for ISI. It correlated positively with body mass index, waist circumference, liver fat, and intraabdominal fat volume.ConclusionPancreatic fat content does not correlate with β-cell function in a cohort of young women with different degrees of T2D risk.
Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic Youth: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth
Authors: Strizich Garrett , Kaplan Robert C , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Diaz Keith M , Daigre Amber L , Carnethon Mercedes R , Vidot Denise C , Delamater Alan M , Perez Lilian , Perreira Krista , Isasi Carmen R , Qi Qibin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Context
Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but not in sedentary behavior (SB), is related to cardiometabolic risk among non-Hispanic white youth.

Objective
Examine associations of SB and MVPA with cardiometabolic risk factors among Hispanic/Latino youth.

Design
Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting
Four US communities.

Participants
Hispanic/Latino youth (N = 1,426) ages 8 to 16 years.

Measurements
Associations of MVPA and SB, measured using 7-day accelerometer data (independent variables), with markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function (dependent variables), were assessed in multivariable linear regression models while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and accelerometer wear time. Additional models controlled for obesity measures.

Results
SB comprised a mean (SD) of 75% (13%) of accelerometer wear time; mean (SD) time of MVPA was 35 min/d (22 min/d). Deleterious levels of high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were associated with lower levels of MVPA and higher levels of SB (all P &lt; 0.05). Associations of MVPA with log-transformed triglyceride concentrations (β per 15-min/d increment, −0.039; SE, 0.018; P = 0.037) and SB with HDL-C (β per 30-min/d increment, −0.63; SE, 0.26; P = 0.018), but not those with other markers, remained significant after adjusting for MVPA or SB and further adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference. Higher SB tertiles were associated with lower soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in fully adjusted models (P for trend = 0.037).

Conclusions
Physiological precursors of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were associated with MVPA and SB among US Hispanic/Latino youth, a group that bears a disproportionate burden of metabolic disorders.
Incidence and Epidemiology of Perioperative Transfusion-Related Pulmonary Complications in Pediatric Noncardiac Surgical Patients: A Single-Center, 5-Year Experience
Authors: Thalji Leanne , Thum Daniel , Weister Timothy J. , Weber Wayne V. , Stubbs James R. , Kor Daryl J. , Nemergut Michael E. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) are the leading causes of transfusion-related fatalities. While these transfusion-related pulmonary complications (TRPCs) have been well detailed in adults, their burden in pediatric subsets remains poorly defined. We sought to delineate the incidence and epidemiology of pediatric TRPCs after intraoperative blood product transfusion.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated all consecutive pediatric patients receiving intraoperative blood product transfusions during noncardiac surgeries between January 2010 and December 2014. Exclusion criteria were cyanotic heart disease, preoperative respiratory insufficiency, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status VI. Medical records were electronically screened to identify those with evidence of hypoxemia, and in whom a chest x-ray was obtained within 24 hours of surgery. Records were then manually reviewed by 2 physicians to determine whether they met diagnostic criteria for TACO or TRALI. Disagreements were adjudicated by a third senior physician.

RESULTS:
Of 19,288 unique pediatric surgical patients, 411 were eligible for inclusion. The incidence of TRPCs was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–5.9). TACO occurred in 3.4% (95% CI, 2.0–5.6) of patients, TRALI was identified in 1.2% (95% CI, 0.5–2.8), and 1.0% (95% CI, 0.4–2.5) had evidence for both TRALI and TACO. Incidence was not different between males (3.4%) and females (3.8%; P = .815). Although a trend toward an increased incidence of TRPCs was observed in younger patients, this did not reach statistical significance (P = .109). Incidence was comparable across subsets of transfusion volume (P = .184) and surgical specialties (P = .088). Among the 15 patients experiencing TRPCs, red blood cells were administered to 13 subjects, plasma to 3, platelets to 3, cryoprecipitate to 2, and autologous blood to 3. Three patients with TRCPs were transfused mixed blood components.

CONCLUSIONS:
TRPCs occurred in 3.6% of transfused pediatric surgical patients, with the majority of cases attributable to TACO, congruent with adult literature. The frequency of TRPCs was comparable between genders and across surgical procedures and transfusion volumes. The observed trend toward increased TRPCs in younger children warrants further consideration in future investigations. Red blood cell administration was the associated component for the majority of TRPCs, although platelets demonstrated the highest risk per component transfused. Mitigation of perioperative risk associated with TRPCs in pediatric patients is reliant on further multiinstitutional studies powered to examine patterns and predictors of this highly morbid entity.
Preoperative High-Dose Methylprednisolone and Glycemic Control Early After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lindberg-Larsen Viktoria , Kehlet Henrik , Bagger Jens , Madsbad Sten 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
To evaluate the effect of a single preoperative dose of 125 mg methylprednisolone (MP) on glycemic homeostasis early after fast-track total hip and knee arthroplasty.

METHODS:
One-hundred thirty-four patients undergoing elective unilateral total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty were randomized (1:1) to preoperative intravenous MP 125 mg (group MP) or isotonic saline intravenous (group C). All procedures were performed under spinal anesthesia, using a standardized multimodal analgesic regime. The primary outcome was the change in plasma glucose 2 hours postoperatively, and secondary outcomes included plasma C-peptide concentrations, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), HOMA-IR (insulin resistance), and HOMA-B (β-cell function). Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and 2, 6 (nonfasting), 24, and 48 hours after surgery with complete samples from 122 patients (group MP = 62, group C = 60) for analyses.

RESULTS:
MP patients had increased plasma glucose levels at 2 hours (adjusted mean [95% CI], 7.4 mmol·L−1 [7.2–7.5] vs 6.0 mmol·L−1 [5.9–6.2]; P = .023) and 6 hours (13.9 mmol·L−1 [13.3–14.5] vs 8.4 mmol·L−1 [7.8–9.0]; P < .001), and in plasma C-peptide 24 hours postoperatively (1675 pmol·L−1 [1573–1778] vs 1248 pmol·L−1 [1145–1351]; P < .001). An impaired insulin response was also observed in group MP as reflected by HOMA-B (P < .001). Additionally, HOMA-IR increased 24 hours postoperatively in group MP compared to group C (P < .001). Parameters were normalized 48 hours postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative administration of MP 125 mg resulted in a transient postoperative increase in plasma glucose and insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia.
Cxcl12a induces snail1b expression to initiate collective migration and sequential Fgf-dependent neuromast formation in the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium
Authors: Neelathi Uma M. , Dalle Nogare Damian , Chitnis Ajay B. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium migrates along a path defined by the chemokine Cxcl12a, periodically depositing neuromasts, to pioneer formation of the zebrafish posterior lateral line system. snail1b, known for its role in promoting cell migration, is expressed in leading cells of the primordium in response to Cxcl12a, whereas its expression in trailing cells is inhibited by Fgf signaling. snail1b knockdown delays initiation of primordium migration. This delay is associated with aberrant expansion of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (epcam) and reduction of cadherin 2 expression in the leading part of the primordium. Co-injection of snail1b morpholino with snail1b mRNA prevents the initial delay in migration and restores normal expression of epcam and cadherin 2. The delay in initiating primordium migration in snail1b morphants is accompanied by a delay in sequential formation of trailing Fgf signaling centers and associated protoneuromasts. This delay is not specifically associated with knockdown of snail1b but also with other manipulations that delay migration of the primordium. These observations reveal an unexpected link between the initiation of collective migration and sequential formation of protoneuromasts in the primordium.
Differentiating cells mechanically limit the interkinetic nuclear migration of progenitor cells to secure apical cytogenesis
Authors: Watanabe Yuto , Kawaue Takumi , Miyata Takaki 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Many proliferative epithelia are pseudostratified because of cell cycle-dependent interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM, basal during G1 and apical during G2). Although most epithelia, including early embryonic neuroepithelia (≤100 µm thick), undergo IKNM over the entire apicobasal extent, more apicobasally elongated (300 µm) neural progenitor cells (radial glial cells) in the mid-embryonic mouse cerebral wall move their nuclei only within its apical (100 µm) compartment, leaving the remaining basal region nucleus-free (fiber-like). How this IKNM range [i.e. the thickness of a pseudostratified ventricular zone (VZ)] is determined remains unknown. Here, we report external fencing of IKNM and the VZ by differentiating cells. When a tight stack of multipolar cells immediately basal to the VZ was ‘drilled’ via acute neuron-directed expression of diphtheria toxin, IKNM of apicobasally connected progenitor cells continued further towards the basal region of the cell (200 µm). The unfencing-induced basally overshot nuclei stay in S phase for too long and do not move apically, suggesting that external limitation of IKNM is necessary for progenitors to undergo normal cytogenetic behaviors. Thus, physical collaboration between progenitors and differentiating cells, including neurons, underlies brain development.
What does time mean in development?
Authors: Ebisuya Miki , Briscoe James 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Biology is dynamic. Timescales range from frenetic sub-second ion fluxes and enzymatic reactions to the glacial millions of years of evolutionary change. Falling somewhere in the middle of this range are the processes we usually study in development: cell division and differentiation, gene expression, cell-cell signalling, and morphogenesis. But what sets the tempo and manages the order of developmental events? Are the order and tempo different between species? How is the sequence of multiple events coordinated? Here, we discuss the importance of time for developing embryos, highlighting the necessity for global as well as cell-autonomous control. New reagents and tools in imaging and genomic engineering, combined with in vitro culture, are beginning to offer fresh perspectives and molecular insight into the origin and mechanisms of developmental time.
SOX2 regulation by hedgehog signaling controls adult lingual epithelium homeostasis
Authors: Castillo-Azofeifa David , Seidel Kerstin , Gross Lauren , Golden Erin J. , Jacquez Belkis , Klein Ophir D. , Barlow Linda A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Adult tongue epithelium is continuously renewed from epithelial progenitor cells, a process that requires hedgehog (HH) signaling. In mice, pharmacological inhibition of the HH pathway causes taste bud loss within a few weeks. Previously, we demonstrated that sonic hedgehog (SHH) overexpression in lingual progenitors induces ectopic taste buds with locally increased SOX2 expression, suggesting that taste bud differentiation depends on SOX2 downstream of HH. To test this, we inhibited HH signaling in mice and observed a rapid decline in Sox2 and SOX2-GFP expression in taste epithelium. Upon conditional deletion of Sox2, differentiation of both taste and non-taste epithelial cells was blocked, and progenitor cell number increased. In contrast to basally restricted proliferation in controls, dividing cells were overabundant and spread to suprabasal epithelial layers in mutants. SOX2 loss in progenitors also led non-cell-autonomously to taste cell apoptosis, dramatically shortening taste cell lifespans. Finally, in tongues with conditional Sox2 deletion and SHH overexpression, ectopic and endogenous taste buds were not detectable; instead, progenitor hyperproliferation expanded throughout the lingual epithelium. In summary, we show that SOX2 functions downstream of HH signaling to regulate lingual epithelium homeostasis.
Conservation and divergence of YODA MAPKKK function in regulation of grass epidermal patterning
Authors: Abrash Emily , Anleu Gil M. Ximena , Matos Juliana L. , Bergmann Dominique C. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
All multicellular organisms must properly pattern cell types to generate functional tissues and organs. The organized and predictable cell lineages of the Brachypodium leaf enabled us to characterize the role of the MAPK kinase kinase gene BdYODA1 in regulating asymmetric cell divisions. We find that YODA genes promote normal stomatal spacing patterns in both Arabidopsis and Brachypodium, despite species-specific differences in those patterns. Using lineage tracing and cell fate markers, we show that, unexpectedly, patterning defects in bdyoda1 mutants do not arise from faulty physical asymmetry in cell divisions but rather from improper enforcement of alternative cellular fates after division. These cross-species comparisons allow us to refine our understanding of MAPK activities during plant asymmetric cell divisions.
Intermittent Running and Cognitive Performance after Ketone Ester Ingestion
Authors: EVANS MARK , EGAN BRENDAN 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Ingestion of exogenous ketones alters the metabolic response to exercise and may improve exercise performance, but it has not been explored in variable-intensity team sport activity, or for effects on cognitive function.

Methods
On two occasions in a double-blind, randomized crossover design, 11 male team sport athletes performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (part A, 5 × 15-min intermittent running; part B, shuttle run to exhaustion), with a cognitive test battery before and after. A 6.4% carbohydrate–electrolyte solution was consumed before and during exercise either alone (PLA) or with 750 mg·kg−1 of a ketone ester (KE) supplement. Heart rate, RPE, and 15-m sprint times were recorded throughout, and serial venous blood samples were assayed for plasma glucose, lactate, and β-hydroxybutyrate.

Results
KE resulted in plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations of ~1.5 to 2.6 mM during exercise (P < 0.001). Plasma glucose and lactate concentrations were lower during KE compared with PLA (moderate-to-large effect sizes). Heart rate, RPE, and 15-m sprint times did not differ between trials. Run time to exhaustion was not different (P = 0.126, d = 0.45) between PLA (mean = 268 s, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 199–336 s) and KE (mean = 229 s, 95% CI = 178–280 s). Incorrect responses in a multitasking test increased from pre- to postexercise in PLA (mean = 1.8, 95% CI = −0.6 to 4.1) but not in KE (mean = 0.0, 95% CI = −1.8 to 1.8) (P = 0.017, d = 0.70).

Conclusion
Compared with carbohydrate alone, coingestion of a KE by team sport athletes attenuated the rise in plasma lactate concentrations but did not improve shuttle run time to exhaustion or 15-m sprint times during intermittent running. An attenuation of the decline in executive function after exhausting exercise suggests a cognitive benefit after KE ingestion.
O estado da arte da Economia Política Internacional no Brasil: possibilidades para se pensar (e praticar) uma EPI a partir de baixo
Authors: Ramos Leonardo , Scotelaro Marina 
Published: June 2018

La presente discusión se inserta en el debate acerca del estado del arte de la Economía Política Internacional (epi) en América Latina y, específicamente, de la necesidad de producirse panoramas más completos acerca del desarrollo de la subárea en Brasil. A partir de una literatura crítica frente a la producción de conocimiento en la periferia de las Relaciones Internacionales, se parte del supuesto de que entender los caminos del estudio revelan los límites y las potencialidades de la producción de conocimiento autóctono en las distintas regiones. El objetivo del trabajo es, en este contexto, presentar un estudio exploratorio de la producción académica de epi en Brasil entre los años 2000 y 2015, en especial en relación con los artículos publicados en periódicos brasileros en el periodo.
Dietary Intakes and Circulating Concentrations of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among High-Risk Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tobias Deirdre K , Clish Clary , Mora Samia , Li Jun , Liang Liming , Hu Frank B , Manson JoAnn E , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, valine) are consistently associated with increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but the relationship with dietary intake of BCAAs is less clear.

METHODS
The longitudinal Nurses' Health Study II cohort conducted a blood collection from 1996 to 1999. We profiled plasma metabolites among 172 incident T2D cases and 175 age-matched controls from women reporting a history of gestational diabetes before blood draw. We estimated dietary energy-adjusted BCAAs from food frequency questionnaires. We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of T2D risk across quartiles (Q1–Q4) of BCAAs, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, family history, and other established risk factors. We also assessed joint exposure to below/above medians of diet and plasma concentrations, with lower diet/lower plasma as reference.

RESULTS
Dietary and plasma BCAA concentrations were positively associated with incident T2D (diet Q4 vs Q1 OR = 4.6, CI = 1.6, 13.4; plasma Q4 vs Q1 OR = 4.4, CI = 1.4, 13.4). Modeling the joint association indicated that higher diet BCAAs were associated with T2D when plasma concentrations were also higher (OR = 6.0, CI = 2.1, 17.2) but not when concentrations were lower (OR = 1.6, CI = 0.61, 4.1). Conversely, higher plasma BCAAs were associated with increased T2D for either lower or higher diet.

CONCLUSIONS
Independent of BMI and other risk factors, higher diet and plasma BCAA concentrations were associated with an increased incident T2D risk among high-risk women with a history of gestational diabetes, supporting impaired BCAA metabolism as conferring T2D risk.
Uses of Social Networking Sites among Postgraduate Students at University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh : A Study
Authors: Munshi Shamim Aktar , Mostafa Md. Golam , Alam Md. Mahbubul 
Published: June 2018

<p class="Default">This study aims to find out the use of social networking sites (SNSs) for educational purposes among the postgraduate students at the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The study selects descriptive survey method and questionnaire tools for gathering the data. Findings of the study shows that students have a positive attitude towards the role of social networking sites for their academic purposes. Notably, the respondents mostly prefer Facebook which is the most preferable SNS among the others. Finding also demonstrates that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that SNSs help their educational field and it builds up a good relationship between their friends, family, educators, etc. This study reveals that respondents are strongly agreed that they get up-to-date information through SNSs and share their thoughts, information to the others. It is interesting to note that almost 90 per cent respondents strongly agreed that SNSs is an effective media which helps to make a platform where they can study collaboratively. </p>