bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Couette flow through an anisotropic porous rotating channel: Brinkman approach
Authors: Verma Vineet Kumar , Ansari Abdul Faiz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the steady‐state Couette flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid through a rotating anisotropic porous channel confined between two horizontal plates, where the upper plate moves at a constant velocity. The main goal is to explore the combined effects of rotation and anisotropy on the flow behavior within the channel, which is governed by the Darcy–Brinkman equation and subject to no‐slip boundary conditions. Analytical solutions are derived for both the primary and secondary velocity components, along with the corresponding volumetric flow rates. The novelty of the study lies in examining how anisotropic permeability influences the flow under rotational effects. Key findings show that the primary velocity decreases as the rotation parameter increases, while the secondary velocity increases with rotation. The primary volumetric flow rate decreases with increasing anisotropy in the primary direction but increases with anisotropy in the secondary direction. The secondary volumetric flow rate, however, decreases with both permeability parameters. These effects are further elucidated through graphical and tabulated results, providing comprehensive insight into the flow behavior under various rotational and anisotropic conditions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of anisotropic rotational flows and their practical applications in engineering systems involving porous media. The real‐life application of present paper lies in improving the design and analysis of fluid flow systems in rotating machinery, such as turbines, filters, and biomedical devices, where anisotropic porous materials are used.
Portraits
Authors: Laws Ben 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents a series of pen portraits, offering a detailed and contextual view of nonreligious asylum seekers’ experiences. These portraits aim to foreground the voices of the research participants, revealing the variety and complexity of their cases. The chapter highlights key themes for deeper analysis in subsequent chapters revealing pejorative assumptions made about cultural differences and the difficulty in materialising nonreligion. It further emphasises the importance of confidentiality and the ethical considerations involved in presenting these narratives.
Black Hole and Equipotential Photon Surface Uniqueness in Four-Dimensional Asymptotically Flat Electrostatic Electro-Vacuum Spacetimes
Authors: Borghini Stefano , Cederbaum Carla , Cogo Albachiara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe study four-dimensional asymptotically flat electrostatic electro-vacuum spacetimes with a connected black hole, photon sphere, or equipotential photon surface inner boundary. Our analysis, inspired by the potential theory approach by Agostiniani–Mazzieri, allows to give self-contained proofs of known uniqueness theorems of the sub-extremal, extremal, and super-extremal Reissner–Nordström spacetimes. We also obtain new results for connected photon spheres and equipotential photon surfaces in the extremal case. Finally, we provide, up to a restriction on the range of their radii, the uniqueness result for connected (both non-degenerate and degenerate) equipotential photon surfaces in the super-extremal case, not yet treated in the literature.
A critique of measurement of defective insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity as a precision approach to gestational diabetes
Authors: Jones Danielle L. , Kusinski Laura C. , Gillies Clare , Meek Claire L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Precision medicine approaches to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have categorised patients according to disease pathophysiology (insulin resistance, insulin insufficiency or both), and demonstrated associations with clinical outcomes. We aimed to assess whether using enhanced processing to determine indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity is analytically robust, reproducible in a different population, and useful diagnostically and prognostically in clinical practice.

Methods
A total of 1308 pregnant women with one or more risk factors for GDM who underwent a 75 g OGTT at one of nine hospital sites were recruited to this observational study. Specimens were collected for determination of glucose levels using standard and enhanced procedures, HbA1c and insulin analysis. GDM diagnosis and management followed National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance. We categorised women into pathophysiological subtypes: insulin-resistant GDM (HOMA2-S < 25th centile of the population with normal glucose tolerance [NGT]), insulin-insufficient GDM (HOMA2-B < 25th centile), both or neither. We assessed associations with pregnancy outcomes using logistic regression.

Results
Using enhanced specimen handling, 1027/1308 (78.5%) women had NGT, with 281/1308 (21.5%) being classified as having GDM. Of this group, 135/281 (48.0%) had insulin-resistant GDM, 73/281 (26.0%) had insulin-insufficient GDM and 2/281 (0.7%) had both insulin-resistant and insulin-insufficient GDM. Unexpectedly, 71 patients (25.3%) had GDM with both HOMA2-S and HOMA2-B ≥ 25th centile (GDM-neither). This novel subgroup appeared to be relatively insulin-sensitive in the fasting state but developed marked post-load hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, suggesting an isolated postprandial defect in insulin sensitivity that was not captured by HOMA2-B or HOMA2-S. Women within most GDM subgroups had comparable pregnancy outcomes to those of normoglycaemic women, and HOMA2-B and HOMA2-S were weak predictors of pregnancy outcomes. Maternal BMI predicted a similar number of outcomes to HOMA2-S, suggesting that there was no additional predictive value in adding HOMA2-S. Similar findings were obtained when using different indices and standard specimen handling techniques.

Conclusions/interpretation
Precision categorisation of GDM using HOMA2-S and HOMA2-B does not provide useful diagnostic or prognostic information, but did distinguish a novel subgroup of patients with GDM, characterised by an isolated postprandial defect in insulin sensitivity.

Graphical Abstract
Estimating three-dimensional displacements with InSAR: the strapdown approach
Authors: Brouwer Wietske S. , Hanssen Ramon F 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDeformation phenomena on Earth are inherently three dimensional. With SAR interferometry (InSAR), in many practical situations the maximum number of observations is two (ascending and descending), resulting in an infinite number of possible displacement estimates. Here we propose a practical solution to this underdeterminancy problem in the form of the strapdown approach. With the strapdown approach, it is possible to obtain “3D-global/2D-local” solutions, by using minimal and largely undisputed contextual information, on the expected driving mechanisms and/or spatial geometry. It is a generic method that defines a local reference system with transversal, longitudinal, and normal (TLN) axes, with displacement occurring in the transversal-normal plane only. Since the orientation of the local frame is based on the physics of the problem at hand, the strapdown approach gives physically more relevant estimates compared to conventional approaches. Moreover, using an a-priori uncertainty approximation on the orientation of the local frame it is possible to assess the precision of the final estimates. As a result, appropriate cartographic visualization using a vector map with confidence ellipses enables an improved interpretation of the results.
Rapid quantification of murine bile acids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hermeling Sven , Plagge Johannes , Krautbauer Sabrina , Ecker Josef , Burkhardt Ralph , Liebisch Gerhard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Interest in bile acids (BAs) is growing due to their emerging role as signaling molecules and their association with various diseases such as colon cancer and metabolic syndrome. Analyzing BAs requires chromatographic separation of isomers, often with long run times, which hinders BA analysis in large studies. Here, we present a high-throughput method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify BAs in mouse samples. After acidic protein precipitation in the presence of a comprehensive mixture of stable isotope-labeled internal standards (SIL-ISs), BAs are separated on a biphenyl column by gradient elution at basic pH. Quantification is performed using a six-point calibration curve. Except for the separation of β- and ω-muricholic acid (MCA) species, a rapid separation of 27 BA species was achieved in a run time of 6.5 min. Plasma quality controls (QCs) were used to evaluate intra- and inter-day precision. The CV was less than 10% for most BA species and exceeded 20% only for glycohyodeoxycholic (GHDCA) and taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) due to the lack of a corresponding SIL-IS. The limit of quantification (LoQ) was tested using diluted QCs and was found to be compromised for some BA species as a result of insufficient isotopic purity of the SIL-IS, leading to significant interference with the respective analyte. Finally, we tested the mouse sample material requirements for plasma, bile, and liver samples and determined BA concentrations in C57/BL6N wild-type mice. In conclusion, the LC–MS/MS method presented here permits a rapid and reproducible quantification of the major murine BAs.
Sub-colony variation in foraging behaviour and at-sea distribution of a breeding tropical seabird and consequences for marine spatial planning
Authors: Nicoll Malcolm A. C. , Jaeger Audrey , Hector Aurelie , Letori Jake , Rocamora Gerard , Corre Matthieu Le 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Many species of seabirds are threatened and understanding their at-sea distributions during breeding is a priority for their conservation. Recent developments in tracking technology, data analytical frameworks and tools are proving invaluable in the identification of at-sea areas of high use and hence conservation importance, which can be used to inform marine spatial planning. However, the outputs from these frameworks and tools are contingent on the underlying tracking data, which are shaped by the myriad of decisions made when designing and implementing a tracking program. These decisions include breeding colony choice and identification of areas (sub-colonies) within the colony in which to deploy tracking devices. However, our understanding of the consequences of this on the resulting tracking data and hence identification of at-sea priority areas is limited and rarely considered. In April 2022 we tracked 196 foraging trips of 54 breeding red-footed boobies (Sula sula) at two sub-colonies (1.5 km apart) on South Island, Farquhar Atoll in south-west Seychelles. We found that foraging trip distance and duration did not differ between the two sub-colonies, but trip orientation did: resulting in sub-colony segregation at sea predominantly to the north and south of the atoll with consequences for the identification of at-sea areas of high use. Our findings indicate that sub-colony variation in at-sea distribution of breeding seabirds may be more commonplace than current research suggests and if our tracking program had involved only one sub-colony then key outputs which could serve towards marine spatial planning efforts may be biased.
Maximizing Aesthetic Outcomes in Delayed Breast Reconstruction: the Be.A.U.T-I.F.U.L. DIEP® Step-by-Step Inset Technique
Authors: Morelli Coppola Marco , Schaffer Clara , Jaber Giulio Jad , Sapino Gianluca , di Summa Pietro Giovanni 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
In microvascular breast reconstruction, the focus has shifted to achieving aesthetically pleasing results. Delayed breast reconstruction poses challenges such as ensuring natural ptosis and avoiding a “patch” effect. The Be.A.U.T-I.F.U.L. deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap inset, presented here, offers a systematic and sequential seven-step method to optimize breast reconstruction outcomes.

Methods
This approach emphasizes safety during flap harvest using the best (Be.) perforator identified via computed tomography angiography to minimize dissection and ensure solid perfusion. The flap is placed obliquely, directing its tail to the axilla (A.), enhancing upper (U.) pole volume and ptosis. The flap base is tucked-in (T-I.) to increase the projection of the breast mound, and its lateral portion is split as a fishtail (F.): the upper (U.) fin is used to define the lateral inframammary fold and prevent lateral displacement of the reconstructed breast, while the lower (L.) fin is turned under the flap to further improve projection.

Conclusion
This structured approach, focusing on key breast aesthetics, ensures optimal cosmetic outcomes and can serve for most delayed microsurgical breast reconstruction scenarios.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Beware of Bear? Long-Term Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human–Bear Conflict in Connecticut
Authors: Berkowitz Zachary , Bravo Larissa Montas , Sen Roy Shouraseni 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we examine the spatio-temporal patterns of citizen-reported human–bear conflict (HBC) from 2002 to 2022 and use the Forest-Based and Boosted Classification (FBBC) technique to assess the significance of several factors in the occurrence of HBC. Our analysis reveals a significant increase in HBC incidents over the study period, with the fewest conflicts in 2002 (217) and the most in 2022 (4455). These were concentrated in northwestern Connecticut, particularly eastern Litchfield County and western Hartford County. The results of geostatistical analysis, including measures of dispersion and emerging hot spot analysis indicated a southward trend in HBC on both annual and monthly scales. The validation results of the FBBC highlighted the relevance of forest fragmentation, intermediate housing density, proximity to water bodies, and snowfall in predicting HBC. Each variable demonstrated nearly equal importance (20%) in predicting HBC occurrences from 2010 to 2022, though land cover showed no significant predictive power. These findings elucidate the spatio-temporal dynamics of HBC and offer valuable insights for wildlife managers to prioritize conflict mitigation strategies effectively. The results of this study identify locations prone to HBC. Moreover, FBBC results show that this technique can be used to predict future HBC based on projected changes in these variables due to climate change and expansion of the human–wildlife interface. Our analysis can aid in the development of targeted, evidence-driven, and ethical management interventions in Connecticut.
Anastomotic leakage after resection for rectal cancer and recurrence-free survival in relation to postoperative C-reactive protein levels
Authors: Gerdin Anders , Park Jennifer , Häggström Jenny , Segelman Josefin , Matthiessen Peter , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Rutegård Martin ,   on behalf of the RectoLeak Study Group, Sjöström Östersund Olle , Staffan Falun Maria , Jangmalm Växjö Staffan , Royson Växjö Hanna , Tsimogiannis Uppsala Konstantinos , Anderin Ersta Kajsa , Nygren Ersta Jonas , Hurtig Luleå Jennie , Golshani Gävle Parisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery is linked to reduced survival and higher recurrence rates. While an aggravated inflammatory response may worsen outcomes, few studies have explored the combined effects of leakage and inflammation.

Methods
This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study including patients operated with anterior resection for rectal cancer in Sweden during 2014–2018. Anastomotic leakage within 12 months was exposure and primary outcome was recurrence-free survival. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the potential effect of systemic inflammatory response, as measured by the highest postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level within 14 days of surgery. Confounders were chosen using a causal diagram.

Results
Some 1036 patients were eligible for analysis, of whom 218 (21%) experienced an anastomotic leakage. At the end of follow-up at a median of 61 months after surgery, recurrence-free survival amounted to 82.6% and 77.8% in the group with and without leakage, respectively. The median highest postoperative CRP value after surgery was higher in the leakage group (219 mg/l), compared with the group without leakage (108 mg/l). Leakage did not lead to worse recurrence-free survival (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.43–0.94), and there was no apparent effect through postoperative highest CRP (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.93–1.29).

Conclusions
In conclusion, anastomotic leakage, with its accompanying CRP increase, was not found to be associated with recurrence-free survival after anterior resection for rectal cancer in this patient cohort. Larger, even more detailed studies are needed to further investigate this topic.
Nasal breathing: a neglected factor in metabolic regulation?
Authors: de Sousa Francisco Alves , Correia João Tavares , Ferreira Miguel Gonçalves , Rios Marta , Magalhães Manuel , Santos Mariline 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Nasal breathing (NB) is a fundamental physiological process, and emerging research indicates its potential role in modulating resting metabolism, impacting energy expenditure and metabolic efficiency. This study investigates the impact of NB on resting metabolic rate (RMR), offering novel insights into metabolic regulation.

Methods
A prospective study was conducted on patients undergoing nasal surgery, with measurements taken before and 3 months after surgery. Metabolic rate assessments, anthropometric dimensions, and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) were recorded. Factors like age, sex, and health status were considered to control for confounding variables.

Results
A total of 83 patients were initially enrolled: 17 underwent septorhinoplasty (SRP), 61 septoplasty (ST) and 5 inferior turbinate reduction alone. 72 patients completed the follow-up. SRP patients exhibited significantly higher pre- and post-operative RMR compared to ST patients (p = 0.005), and this association was not observed when PNIF was included in the analysis (p > 0.05). Pre-operative and post-operative PNIF values significantly correlated with pre-operative and post-operative RMR (p = 0.049 and p = 0.005, respectively). Post-operative PNIF predicted post-operative RMR after confoundment adjustment in linear regression (β = – 0.043, p = 0.017). Importantly, total body weight increased after surgery (pre-op: 74 ± 14.6 kg versus post-op: 75.6 ± 15.5 kg, p < 0.001) due to an increment in muscle mass (pre-op: 52.3 ± 12 versus post-op: 55.5 ± 14, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Preliminary analysis suggests a potential link between NB and RMR, emphasizing the overlooked role of nasal respiratory physiology in energy homeostasis. Surgery also elicited body composition alterations. Further research is needed to uncover the underlying mechanisms of this association. Understanding the impact of NB on RMR could underscore its significance in metabolic regulation, reinforcing the importance of nasal surgery on overall health. This study provides foundation for future investigations.
Teaching residents in emergency surgery for acute bowel obstruction—is supervised surgery safe and feasible? A retrospective single-center analysis from a MIS-specialized hospital
Authors: Hoi Hannes , Ebner Barbara , Grünbart Martin , de Cillia Michael , Uzel Robert , Schlosser Lisa , Weiss Helmut , Mittermair Christof 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Emergency surgery for acute bowel obstruction (ABO) is a common and occasionally technically demanding procedure, requiring both surgical skill and strategic planning. The risk entailed in teaching residents during ABO surgery has not been defined or investigated in detail to date. It is the aim of this study to reveal whether surgery for ABO, performed by resident surgeons under supervision, is safe and feasible.

Design
A retrospective analysis was conducted of all emergency surgeries for ABO performed between 2009 and 2023 at a community-based hospital. Patients’ general characteristics, procedural data and outcome parameters were compared. Differences between teaching procedures and non-teaching procedures were analysed.

Setting
The study was conducted at the Department of General and Visceral surgery at a community-based hospital (St. John of God Hospital Salzburg, Austria).

Participants
All emergency surgeries for ABO (n = 300 patients) that were performed during the study period were included.

Results
Emergency surgery for ABO was performed in 300 patients during the study period, 15.3% of which operations were performed by residents under supervision and 84.7% by senior surgeons. No differences between these two groups were found in terms of patient characteristics, except for a past medical history of previous gynecologic or urologic surgery that was more frequent in the senior surgeon group (p = 0.02). Neither procedural data nor conversion rates from a minimally invasive (MIS) to an open (OS) approach, nor postoperative complication rates were found to be significantly different between these groups.

Conclusion
Emergency surgery for ABO, performed by residents under supervision, is safe and feasible, showing no significant differences in terms of complication rates, morbidity or mortality as compared to procedures performed by senior surgeons.

Graphical abstract
Mid-term results of intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated with minimally invasive two-point distractor
Authors: Stark Matthias , Popp Domenik , Schmoelz Lukas , Doering Kevin , Stark Kerstin , Nia Arastoo 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Background
Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures are a complication-ridden injury to treat and there are various treatment techniques to address this injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcome of a percutaneous two-point distractor technique in patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.

Methods
A retrospective data analysis of patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated in a level 1 trauma center was conducted. The patients were subsequently invited for a follow-up visit to assess the mid-term outcome. The Böhler’s and Gissane’s angles, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society hindfoot score, the Maryland foot score and a visual analog scale for pain were measured preoperatively and postoperatively and after at least 6 years to assess the radiological and functional outcome.

Results
Of the patients 59 completed the study with a mean follow-up of 76 months after surgery. The mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score at the last follow-up visit was 81, the mean Maryland foot score was 78. There were three cases (5%) of superficial wound complications and secondary arthrodesis of the subtalar joint was performed in five patients (8%).

Conclusion
The low rates of postoperative infections and secondary arthrodesis in this study underline the good to excellent mid-term functional results for a minimally invasive technique.