bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EXCRETION OF UROBILINOGEN IN THE STOOLS AND URINE DURING MALARIAL INFECTION
Authors: DE VRIES A. , Schiffer F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 10 cases of malaria (6 benign tertian, 4 malignant tertian), the excretion of urobilinogen in the stools and in the urine was studied. In all 10 cases the amount of urobilinogen excreted in the stools was found to be increased. After defervescence and disappearance of parasites from the blood the excretion gradually declined. The increased excretion of urobilinogen in the stools was the constant and sometimes the only evidence of increased blood destruction occurring at times in the complete absence of jaundice and reticulocytosis. Increased excretion of urobilinogen in the urine was not a constant feature.
It is suggested that the development of jaundice and of urobiligenuria is due not only to the liberation of pigments by the hemolysis, but to a disturbance in the liver function.
This study lends further confirmation to the concept that the only unequivocal evidence of increased blood destruction is shown in an increased output of urobilinogen in the feces.
PRESERVATION OF NORMAL HUMAN PLASMA IN THE LIQUID STATE
Authors: LOZNER EUGENE L. , LEMISH SONIA , CAMPBELL A. SUE , NEWHOUSER LLOYD R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. During preservation of human plasma in the liquid state at room temperature for three years, the alpha-amino nitrogen and the nitrogen content of the tungstic acid filtrate rise slowly until about two years have elapsed, after which time these levels do not increase significantly.
2. During the entire period of storage the nitrogen contents of the trichlor-acetic acid filtrate and the "polypeptide index" increase progressively. The actual increase represents hydrolysis to nonprotein size of 3 to 4 per cent of the original protein.
3. The colloid osmotic pressure of stored plasma is slightly but significantly greater than that of fresh plasma.
4. The viscosity of stored plasma is slightly but significantly greater than that of fresh plasma.
5. The electrophoretic patterns of stored plasma show increases of alpha globulin and albumin concentration, complete disappearance of gamma globulin (containing immune properties) and fibrinogen, and some reduction of beta globulin concentration as compared to fresh plasma.
6. Analysis of 3,384 questionnaires completed after administration of liquid plasma more than a year old indicates that the transfusion of such plasma continues to be safe and beneficial up to at least three years of storage. The untoward reaction rate following these administrations was significantly less than that following a comparable series of 1500 administrations of commercially prepared dried plasma.
A-B Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: ROSENFIELD RICHARD E. , EISINGER FLORENCE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study was made of oxalated umbilical vein blood of nearly every infant born at The Mount Sinai Hospital in a nine month period. A specimen of maternal blood was available for intragroup antibody screening and six cases of Rh-Hr hemolytic disease were eliminated from the data. The umbilical vein blood was tested, where possible, for: (1) group and Rh, (2) direct antiglobulin test, (3) hemoglobin, (4) reticulocyte count and examination of red cell morphology, (5) plasma bilirubin, and (6) osmotic fragility in 0.52 per cent NaCl. From the mothers’ blood groups, the infants were classified into group compatible and group incompatible, and the arithmetic means of the hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and plasma bilirubin obtained for each class. A third class of infants, those with positive direct antiglobulin test, were analysed separately for comparison.
1. A weakly positive direct antiglobulin test was obtained on the umbilical vein blood of over 11 per cent of group incompatible infants but in none of the group compatible infants.
2. It appears that the weakly positive direct antiglobulin test detects an abnormal class of group incompatible infants, since their mean hemoglobin is low, their mean reticulocyte count is high, and their mean bilirubin is high, when these means are compared with those of the other group incompatible infants.
3. Thirty-eight of thirty-nine mothers of incompatible infants with positive direct antiglobulin test were group O. In comparison with the distribution of the blood groups of the mothers of other incompatible infants, this disproportion is of significance.
4. The mean reticulocyte count of incompatible infants with negative direct antiglobulin test is slightly (but with statistical significance) higher than the mean reticulocyte count of compatible infants. This difference was found to be associated almost entirely with group O mothers.
5. Thirty-one out of thirty-eight infants with positive direct antiglobulin test had increased osmotic fragility in hypotonic NaCl. Two of the negative cases appeared to have slight spherocytosis on blood smear.
Acute Intestinal Iron Intoxication
Authors: REISSMANN KURT R. , COLEMAN THOMAS J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following oral or rectal administration of toxic doses of dissociable iron salts in dogs and rabbits, the rapidly and excessively absorbed iron produced a profound metabolic acidosis with blood pH values as low as 6.7. The acidosis was mainly due to the hydrolysing effect of ferric ions and partly due to an increase in lactic and citric acid. The latter findings suggest a possible interference of the absorbed iron with enzymes in the Krebs cycle.
The respiratory changes were those seen in metabolic acidosis: greatly increased respiratory rate and minute volume, lowering of the blood CO2, excessive CO2 output. The cardiac output decreased progressively due to diminished venous return, but a normal blood pressure was maintained by arteriolar constriction until the final collapse occurred, which was preceded by respiratory failure.
A marked capillary congestion and increased capillary permeability were noted, the latter possibly being the result of a direct action of the high non-protein bound serum iron upon the capillary wall. The increased capillary permeability caused a reduction in plasma volume and hemoconcentration.
No abnormal hemoglobin derivatives were found.
Thrombocytopenic Purpura without Anemia and Leukopenia in Gaucher’s Disease
Authors: DE VRIES A. , IZAK G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with Gaucher’s disease is described who had thrombocytopenic purpura, but no anemia or leukopenia and only slight enlargement of the spleen. The hemorrhagic diathesis and platelet count responded well to splenectomy.
Studies on Human Myoglobin
Authors: SINGER KARL , ANGELOPOULOS BASIL , RAMOT BRACHA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemoglobin-free met-myoglobin preparations from premature infants and normal newborns contain a fetal type of muscle pigment (Mb F) which differs spectroscopically and electrophoretically from adult myoglobin (Mb A). Acid met-Mb F can not be distinguished from fetal acid met-Hb (Hb F) by these technics. Alkaline met-Mb F has, however, a characteristic absorption spectrum which is dissimilar from that of alkaline met-Hb F, and, electrophoretically, it moves faster than the fetal met-Hb compound. Mb F is gradually replaced by the adult muscle pigment within the first 6 months of life. Thus, the period of disappearance of the fetal red cell pigment from the circulation approximates the period of disappearance of the fetal pigment from the muscle tissue.
Some Characteristic Properties of Hemoglobin C
Authors: HUISMAN T. H. J. , VAN DER SCHAAF P. C. , VAN DER SAR A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The present paper describes an apparently white family in which a few members suffered from homozygous and heterozygous hemoglobin C disease. Since the paternal great grandfather and the maternal grandfather of the patients examined were in a family relation of the first order, it is surmised that the hemoglobin C was derived from the same homozygous negroid (?) ancestor. Besides its occurrence in this family Hb-C is also found in a colored family from the same island (Curaçao).
2. Hemoglobin C shows, in addition to abnormal electrophoretic mobility, three other more or less specific properties:
a. During chromatographic examination carried out with the aid of the cation exchanger Amberlite IRC 50 (XE 64), a citrate citric acid buffer at pH 6 and sodium ion concentration of 0.15, COHb-C displaces itself noticeably slower than the three other forms of hemoglobins (S, A and F).
b. The solubility of the COHb-C in a phosphate buffer pH 6.5 of various concentrations is significantly less than that of COHb-S, COHb-A and COHb-F. The reduced form of hemoglobin C does not show this property; the solubility of this is practically the same as that of reduced adult hemoglobin.
c. A comparison of the amino acid composition of hemoglobin C and hemoglobin A, S and F, shows that COHb-C contains a higher number of lysine and perhaps histidine residues. This increase amounts to four residues per mol. for lysine and one residue per mol. for histidine. The possible connection between the more basic character of the proteins and the abnormal behavior in the electrophoretic and chromatographic experiments is discussed.
3. The results obtained with five experimental methods (electrophoresis, alkali denaturation, chromatography, salting-out experiments, and amino acid composition determination) all seem to indicate that in the homozygous form of this disease only the abnormal Hb-C is present. None of the other three hemoglobins (A, S and F) were shown to be present in determinable amounts.
4. In addition to the electrophoretic abnormalities, the above three properties may be of importance in the characterization of this abnormal hemoglobin.
Histochemical and Biochemical Studies on Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
Authors: WILTSHAW E. , MOLONEY W. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) In a large series of individuals alkaline phosphatase activity in the leukocyte was studied by biochemical and histochemical methods.
(2) The value of combined histochemical and biochemical measurements is demonstrated in this report.
(3) In chronic myelogenous leukemia the neutrophil contain very little alkaline phosphatase activity while in myeloid metaplasia and pyogenic infections morphologically similar cells exhibit a great increase in this enzyme.
(4) Various factors which might influence alkaline phosphatase activity in
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leukocytes were investigated and it was found that on incubation in serum or saline the cell alkaline phosphatase activity increased. However, this in vitro rise was unrelated to the source of the serum menstrum.
The Clinical Significance of Erythrocyte Cholinesterase Titers
Authors: SABINE JEAN CAPTAIN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for determining erythrocyte cholinesterase titers on small samples of whole blood is described in detail. The method is one which requires little special equipment and can be used by any competent technician.
Data for erythrocyte cholinesterase are presented on a group of 101 normal adults, and it is shown that the observed data fit the normal distribution. Eighteen children, aged three months to ten years, all had values within the adult distribution, and the mean value was the same as that for adults. Seven newborn babies all had values at or below the lower limit for adults.
The Rare Blood Factor rh('') or Eu
Authors: SUSSMAN LEON N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1) A family study including the identification and transmission of the variant of time rh'' factor known as Eu is presented.
2) The need for caution in interpretation of unusual variations in reactions to standard sera, especially in Negroids is emphasized.
3) The value of special technics such as use of serum containing only a single antibody, anti-human globulin test, enzyme treated cells and elution methods for clarification of atypical findings is demonstrated.
Thalassemia in Jews from Kurdistan
Authors: MATOTH Y. , SHAMIR Z. , FREUNDLICH E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Seven cases of Cooley’s anemia in Jews from Kurdistan residing in the Jerusalem area are presented with family studies. Four homozygous cases were severe and progressive. One ended fatally and the remaining 3 were kept alive by frequent blood transfusions. Three heterozygous cases showed a milder course.
2. It is suggested on the basis of these and other observations that the Jews of Kurdistan constitute a hitherto unknown reservoir of the genetic abnormality responsible for Cooley’s anemia.
The Survival Time of Canine Erythrocytes Modified by Influenza Virus
Authors: STEWART W. B. , PETENYI C. W. , ROSE H. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Canine erythrocytes labeled with radioactive iron were modified by the action of influenza virus. Modified cells were transfused to compatible recipients and the survival of the donated cells was followed by means of their radioactivity. A rapid fall of radioactivity occurred in the first half hour, followed by a rise which reached a maximum in 2 to 3 hours. The donated cells were then destroyed and had all disappeared by 3-4 days. During the time modified erythrocytes were in the circulation, panagglutinins to them were undetectable. However, if the initial concentration of panagglutinin was unusually high, the virus-treated red cells were permanently removed from the circulation within one-half hour after transfusion.
Hence, it is concluded that virus-modified canine erythrocytes have a greatly shortened survival-time. In addition, it is suggested that the panagglutinins to virus-modified erythrocytes may be responsible for the rapid destruction of the modified cells.
Cold Hemagglutination in Acute and Chronic Hemolytic Syndromes
Authors: PISCIOTTA ANTHONY V. , DOWNER ESTELLE , HINZ JEAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Three cases have been described of hemolytic anemia associated with autoagglutination of erythrocytes in the cold. These cases were characterized clinically by pallor, slight icterus and lack of splenomegaly. Raynaud’s phenomenon was present in two of the three patients. The first patient had an acute self-limited course. The second and possibly the third were chronic and apparently persistent.
2. A hemolysin was demonstrated in the chronic variety of hemolytic anemia. This antibody was active at body temperature, required complement and appeared to be independent of the cold agglutinin. It disappeared following therapy with cortisone. In the third case, hemolysin was demonstrated directly attached to the surface of the patient’s erythrocytes by the addition of complement to the washed red cells. The hemolytic reaction was enhanced by the use of trypsinized test erythrocytes.
3. "Complete and incomplete" cold agglutinins were demonstrated by the use of saline, albumin and trypsin technics as well as by the Coombs’ antiglobulin reactions. Erythrocyte coating antibodies were not neutralized with human gamma globulin. Cold agglutinins and erythrocyte coating antibodies were unaffected by cortisone therapy.
4. Survival of transfused erythrocytes was increased in one patient during the period of cortisone treatment, despite the fact that cold agglutinins persisted.
5. Cold agglutinated erythrocytes have increased mechanical fragility when the cold agglutinin is present in high titer. Incubation at 37 C. for 24 hours causes a marked shift to the left in the osmotic fragility curve.
6. Study of the serum in one patient for antibodies to Newcastle virus disease and influenza failed to disclose these antibodies in significant titer.
Particulate Component in the Blood Plasma of Mice with Transplantable Leukemia
Authors: DE ROBERTIS E. , CANZANI R. , GASIC G. , EPSTEIN B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blood and plasma smears of mice inoculated with two leukemic lines were studied under the electron microscope.
In 15 mice of the AKR strain and in two C58 mice inoculated with the Hch leukemia line of the Instituto de Biología of Chile (372 to 382 transfers), dense submicroscopic particles were found in the blood plasma. In some cases isolated particles or clumps of them were found adsorbed on the red cell membranes. The particle size ranged between 19 and 58 mµ, with a large peak at 38 mµ. The survival time of the inoculated animals was of 5 days and the submicroscopic particles were constantly found between the 3rd and 5th day.
Similar dense submicroscopic particles were found in blood plasma smears of three C58 mice at the 16th day after inoculation with the Ich leukemia line (86th transfer).
The probable significance of these particles is discussed on the basis of the literature regarding the etiology of mouse leukemia.
The Influence of Anoxia of Lactating Rats and Mice on Blood of Their Normal Offspring
Authors: GRANT WILSON C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1) Lactating rats and mice 3 to 4 days post partum were discontinuously exposed daily to an ambient pressure of 400 to 300 mm. Hg for 6 hours while their litters remained at sea level pressure. At the same time, control rats and mice were separated from their litters but were kept at sea level pressure.
2) When baby rats were sampled from 10 to 25 days of age, the hematocrits, erythrocyte counts and O2 capacity values of those nursed by anoxic mothers were greater than those nursed by the normal mothers. The total hemoglobin content of baby mice nursed by anoxic mothers generally exceeded those obtained from mice nursed by normal mothers.
3) The evidence indicates that a substance is present in the milk of anoxic rats and mice which produces an increased hemoglobin content of the nursing young.
The Chemical Composition of Normal Human Red Blood Cells, including Variability among Centrifuged Cells
Authors: KEITEL HANS G. , BERMAN H. , JONES H. , MACLACHLAN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Red cells from different layers of centrifuged cells vary in composition. Cells obtained from the upper layer, which is relatively richer in reticulocytes, contain more water, sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus than the remaining cells.
2. The direct method of analysis of red blood cells using a constricted type centrifuge tube to separate the entire red cells sample from buffy layer cells and from plasma avoids the errors in direct analysis caused by different cell population in upper and lower layers of centrifuged cells and the cumulative errors inherent in indirect analysis.
3. Using the direct method and a constricted type centrifuge tube, the means and standard deviations of the water and mineral content of the erythrocytes and plasma of 11 normal males and 11 normal females were determined. Males were found to have a higher sodium content of red cells and plasma.
4. The sum of the molal concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus in red cells is not always equal to the sum of the molal concentrations of these minerals in the plasma.
In Vitro Studies of Erythropoiesis
Authors: THOMAS E. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of various oxygen tensions on the in vitro synthesis of heme by rabbit bone marrow was measured. At levels above 4 per cent oxygen there was no effect of oxygen tension on heme synthesis. Total anoxia stopped heme synthesis completely. No level of oxygen tension was found to stimulate heme synthesis.
Erythropoietic Function in Dilution Anemia
Authors: ERSLEV ALLAN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For a period of four days, four rabbits received intravenously at 12-hour intervals large amounts (25 ml./Kg.) of a 6 per cent solution of dextran. This caused a pronounced dilution anemia. However, no increase in erythropoietic activity was observed despite the reduced oxygen content of each unit of arterial blood.
Since hypervolemia and dextran per se were found not to interfere with red cell production it was concluded that the increased cardiac output in dilution anemia compensates for the reduction in the oxygen content of each unit of arterial blood.
Consequently, the stimulus to erythropoietic function must depend on the tissue tension of oxygen rather than on the oxygen content of arterial blood.
The Influence of Chemotherapy on Survival in Acute Leukemia
Authors: HAUT ARTHUR , ALTMAN STANLEY J. , CARTWRIGHT G. E. , WINTROBE M. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One measure of the effectiveness of therapy in the treatment of acute leukemia is its influence on longevity. Median survival was calculated for 103 of our own cases and 782 cases published in the literature. These were divided into treated and untreated groups. Separate analyses were made for several modes of therapy.
It was not possible to demonstrate that the newer therapies (folic acid antagonists, ACTH, cortisone and 6-mercaptopurine) significantly increased the total survival in these representative groups. However, in those who achieved at least one complete remission, the median survival had been enhanced from four and a half to eight months, a difference which was found to be statistically significant.
Among the reasons for this rather surprising finding is the possibility that the use of chemotherapeutic agents may fail to alter the course of acute leukemia in some instances while prolonging it in others; the fact that of the series suitable for analysis which were found in the literature, only one was of a more recent date than 1952, although publications up to May 1954 were reviewed; and finally, that the use of 6-mercaptopurine was not adequately represented in the survey.