bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoforming for Small Feature Replication in Melt Electrowritten Membranes to Model Kidney Proximal Tubule
Authors: G Valverde Marta , Stampa Zamorano Claudia , Kožinec Dora , Benito Zarza Laura , van Genderen Anne Metje , Janssen Robine , Castilho Miguel , Hrynevich Andrei , Vermonden Tina , Malda Jos , de Ruijter Mylene , Masereeuw Rosalinde , Mihăilă Silvia M 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel approach merging melt electrowriting (MEW) with matched die thermoforming to achieve scaffolds with micron‐sized curvatures (200 – 800 µm versus 1000 µm of mandrel printing) for in vitro modeling of the kidney proximal tubule (PT) is proposed. Recent advances in this field emphasize the relevance of accurately replicating the intricate tissue microenvironment, particularly the curvature of the nephrons’ tubular segments. While MEW offers promising capabilities for fabricating highly and porous precise 3D structures mimicking the PT, challenges persist in approximating the diameter of tubular scaffolds to match the actual PT. The thermoformed MEW membranes retain the initial MEW printing design parameters (rhombus geometry, porosity > 45%) while accurately following the imprinted curvature (ratios between 0.67‐0.95). PT epithelial cells cultured on these membranes demonstrate the ability to fill in the large pores of the membrane by secreting their own collagen IV‐rich extracellular matrix and form an organized, functional, and tight monolayer expressing characteristic PT markers. Besides approximating PT architecture, this setup maximizes the usable surface area for cell culture and molecular readouts. By closely mimicking the structural intricacies of native tissue architecture, this approach enhances the biomimetic fidelity of engineered scaffolds, offering potential applications beyond kidney tissue engineering.
Observation of Highly Spin‐Polarized Dangling Bond Surface States in Rare‐Earth Pnictide Tellurides
Authors: Cai Yongqing , Zhang Jing , Zha Heming , Zhang Fayuan , Wang Yuan , Chen Weizhao , Hao Zhanyang , Deng Liwei , Liu Wenjing , Rong Hongtao , Jiang Zhicheng , Yang Yichen , Jiang Qi , Liu Zhengtai , Ye Mao , Rienks E. D. L. , Huang Yaobo , Guo Shu , Lin Junhao , Wang Le , Liu Qihang , Qiao Shan , Chen Chaoyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo generate and manipulate spin‐polarized electronic states in solids are crucial for modern spintronics. The textbook routes employ quantum well states or Shockley/topological type surface states whose spin degeneracy is lifted by strong spin‐orbit coupling and inversion symmetry breaking at the surface/interface. The resultant spin polarization is usually truncated because of the intertwining between multiple orbitals. Here a unique type of surface states is realized, namely, dangling bond surface states in a family of ternary rare‐earth pnictide tellurides RePnTe (Re = La, Gd, Ce; Pn = Sb, Bi), with robust band structure and sizeable spin splitting. Spin and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal high spin polarization and distinct spin‐momentum locking texture, which, according to the theoretical analysis, arise from local site asymmetry and surface‐purified spin‐orbital texture. The work extends the so‐called “hidden spin polarization” from the bulk to the surface, presenting an intriguing spin‐orbital‐momentum‐layer locking phenomenon, which may shed lights on potential spintronic applications.
Bacterial Response to Shape‐Memory Actuated Silk Wrinkled Surface Topographies as a Strategy for Biofilm Prevention
Authors: Oguntade Elizabeth , Owuor Luiza , Du Changling , Acierto Anthony , Meyer Sadie , Monroe Mary Beth Browning , Henderson James H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBacterial biofilms on the surfaces of indwelling biomedical devices can cause long‐term infection and patient morbidity and mortality. Wrinkled surface topographies have previously demonstrated promising antifouling properties. Here we report a bioinspired strategy in which the actuation of silk fibroin produces tunable, wrinkled surface topographies on 2D shape memory polymer (SMP) substrates and investigate the influence of these topographies on biofilm formation. To mimic biofilm‐associated infections related to the geometries of indwelling medical devices, silk wrinkles are produced on complex, 3D SMP architectures, and biofilm formation is evaluated. Using common biofilm‐causing agents, smaller silk wrinkle wavelengths and amplitudes are found to significantly reduce biofilm formation, resulting in primarily isolated, single‐cell bacteria on the 2D wrinkled surfaces. These single‐cell bacteria are nearly completely eradicated by treatment with antibiotics, which are ineffective against control surfaces. Antibiotics are also physically incorporated into the 2D wrinkled surfaces, which resulted in a further significant reduction in bacterial adhesion. Lastly, silk wrinkled topographies are successfully applied on 3D architectures, and the wrinkled surfaces display a significant reduction in biofilm coverage compared to controls. The findings demonstrate the potential for biopolymer wrinkles on biomaterials to be used as antifouling surfaces for biofilm prevention.
Determining Pasteur Parameter for Chiral Medium using Long‐Range Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Sun Lixun , Zhou Qing , Miao Qiwei , Zhang Wending , Mei Ting 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChirality is a fundamental property of nature, and recognizing chirality is crucial for human life. In this paper, a theoretical study on highly sensitive determination of the Pasteur parameter in chiral measurement is presented using long‐range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) resonance. The method is based on a thorough analysis of electromagnetic wave propagating in multilayer planar waveguide structures containing a chiral medium. Both the handedness and magnitude can be determined simultaneously, either by measuring the relative direction and separation of the spectral shift of the reflected right‐ and left‐handed circularly polarized components under the condition of an excited “bright” LRSPP mode, or by detecting the relative direction and amount of intensity split in the region of a “dark” LRSPP mode. The method offers improved measurement of the Pasteur parameter of 10−3 level for the “bright” mode and allows for an ultrasensitive measurement of 10−5 level for the “dark” mode. It is also immune to spectrum fluctuations or drifts caused by variations in the host refractive index or absorption loss. It is hoped that this work will inspire further optical techniques for high‐sensitivity chiral sensing and detection.
Advancements in Tumor Diagnostics through Carbon Dot‐Assisted Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Patyal Rajan , Warjurkar Khushboo , Sharma Vinay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSerendipitously discovered, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted significant attention as a potential contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in the biomedical sector. CDs play an essential role in PAI, contributing significantly to the early detection of diseases and monitoring treatment progress, particularly in tumor imaging. This review emphasizes the role of CDs in the domain of PAI, highlighting their characteristics like biocompatibility, enhanced spatial resolution, optical absorption in the NIR region, and facile surface functionalization for tumor‐ targeted imaging. The study explores the use of CDs for enhancing spatial resolution in PAI for improved detection and visualization of tumors in organs such as the breast, cervical, liver, gastrointestinal, skin, cardiovascular system, nervous system, and others. Challenges associated with PAI, such as optimizing the signal‐to‐noise ratio and ensuring stability under physiological conditions, have also been discussed.
Peridynamic Framework to Model Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Willberg Christian , Hesse Jan‐Timo , Winkelmann Felix , Hein Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study presents a framework for analyzing Additive Manufacturing processes within the Peridynamics (PD) software PeriLab. This framewor k employs a mesh‐free, point‐based numerical approach to approximate the continuum PD equations. Implemented within this framework are thermal, thermo‐mechanical, and simple additive models. These models have been validated against analytical solutions, Finite Element (FE) models, and Peridigm simulations. To leverage the PD mesh‐free implementation, the study introduces a novel boundary detection algorithm. This algorithm is essential because the outer surface area may change during the manufacturing process. It operates without requiring surface or topology information, relying instead on the comparison of neighborhood volume to sphere volume. Additionally, the study introduces a wrapper that generates the mesh necessary for simulating the printing process, based on the G‐code machine input path. Finally, the study presents a comprehensive analysis of an L‐shaped profile utilizing the developed features, comparing the results with those obtained from an Abaqus solution.
Noninvasive Immunotyping and Immunotherapy Monitoring of Lung Cancers via Nuclear Imaging of LAG‐3 and PD‐L1
Authors: Zhao Lishu , Ge Jianxian , Zhang Ruru , Wang Hao , Liu Xinyue , Xu Kandi , Liu Yujin , Zhao Wencheng , Zhang Wengang , Ye Li , Chen Zhimin , Zeng Jianfeng , He Yayi , Gao Mingyuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy has significantly improved cancer patient survival, while its efficacy remains limited due to the reliance on a single marker like PD‐L1 as well as its spatiotemporal heterogeneity. To address this issue, combining lymphocyte activation gene‐3 (LAG‐3) with PD‐L1 is proposed for identifying immunotypes and monitoring immunotherapy through nuclear imaging. In short, 99mTc‐HYNIC‐αLAG‐3 and 99mTc‐HYNIC‐αPD‐L1 probes are synthesized using anti‐human LAG‐3 and PD‐L1 antibodies, respectively. With high radiochemical purity and in vitro stability, these probes are confirmed to specifically bind to LAG‐3 or PD‐L1 in LAG3+ A549, LAG3− A549, and H1975 cells. SPECT/CT imaging of both probes showed specific in vivo tumor uptake in multiple lung cancer models, with significant linear correlation with ex vivo tumor uptake and immunohistochemical expression levels of LAG‐3/PD‐L1. Based on this, dual‐index imaging was performed to simultaneously quantify LAG‐3 and PD‐L1. SPECT/CT imaging of 99mTc‐HYNIC‐αLAG‐3 and 125I‐αPD‐L1 successfully distinguished four immunotypes. In addition, SPECT/CT imaging revealed LAG‐3 upregulation in LLC‐bearing LAG‐3 humanized mice resistant to immunotherapy. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of nuclear imaging of LAG‐3 and PD‐L1 for both noninvasive immunotyping and immunotherapy monitoring, thus offering novel perspectives on forecasting immunotherapy response, uncovering resistance mechanism, and optimizing combination treatment regimens.
Programmable Macrophage Vesicle Based Bionic Self‐Adjuvanting Vaccine for Immunization against Monkeypox Virus
Authors: Lin Weiqiang , Shen Chenguang , Li Mengjun , Ma Shengchao , Liu Chenxin , Huang Jialin , Ren Zuning , Yang Yuechao , Zhao Minghai , Xie Qiulin , Guo Shuang , Wang Wei , Wang Kaiyuan , Ma Qiang , Jiang Yideng , Zheng Judun , Liao Yuhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe emergence of monkeypox has become a global health threat after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Due to the lack of available specifically treatment against MPV, developing an available vaccine is thus the most prospective and urgent strategy. Herein, a programmable macrophage vesicle based bionic self‐adjuvanting vaccine (AM@AEvs‐PB) is first developed for defending against monkeypox virus (MPV). Based on MPV‐related antigen‐stimulated macrophage‐derived vesicles, the nanovaccine is constructed by loading the mature virion (MV)‐related intracellular protein (A29L/M1R) and simultaneously modifying with the enveloped virion (EV) antigen (B6R), enabling them to effectively promote antigen presentation and enhance adaptive immune through self‐adjuvant strategy. Owing to the synergistic properties of bionic vaccine coloaded MV and EV protein in defensing MPV, the activation ratio of antigen‐presenting cells is nearly four times than that of single antigen in the same dose, resulting in stronger immunity in host. Notably, intramuscular injection uptake of AM@AEvs‐PB demonstrated vigorous immune‐protective effects in the mouse challenge attempt, offering a promising strategy for pre‐clinical monkeypox vaccine development.
Unconventional Hexagonal Close‐Packed High‐Entropy Alloy Surfaces Synergistically Accelerate Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hu Ting‐Hsin , Wu Cheng‐Yu , He Zong Ying , Chen Yi , Hsu Liang‐Ching , Pao Chih‐Wen , Lin Jui‐Tai , Chang Chun‐Wei , Lin Shang‐Cheng , Osmundsen Rachel , Casalena Lee , Lin Kun Han , Zhou Shan , Yang Tung‐Han 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccelerating the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which involves the slow cleavage of HO‐H bonds and the adsorption/desorption of hydrogen (H*) and hydroxyl (OH*) intermediates, requires developing catalysts with optimal binding strengths for these intermediates. Here, the unconventional hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) high‐entropy alloy (HEA) atomic layers are prepared composed of five platinum‐group metals to enhance the alkaline HER synergistically. The breakthrough is made by layer‐by‐layer heteroepitaxial deposition of subnanometer RuRhPdPtIr HEA layers on the HCP Ru seeds, despite the thermodynamic stability of Rh, Pd, Pt, and Ir in a face‐centered cubic (FCC) structure except for Ru. The synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirms the atomic mixing and coordination environment of HCP RuRhPdPtIr HEA. Most importantly, they exhibit notable improvements in both electrocatalytic activity and durability for the HER in an alkaline environment, as compared to their FCC RuRhPdPtIr counterparts. Electrochemical measurements, operando XAS analysis, and density functional theory unveil that the binding strengths of H* and OH* intermediates on the active Pt and Ir sites can be weakened and strengthened to a moderate level, respectively, by mixing non‐active Ru, Rh, and Pd atoms with Pt and Ir atoms within the HCP HEA with strong synergistic electronic effects.
Interfacial‐Polarization Engineering in BNT‐Based Bulk Ceramics for Ultrahigh Energy‐Storage Density
Authors: Cao Wenjun , Li Li , Chen Kun , Huang Xuecen , Li Feng , Wang Chunchang , Zheng Jun , Hou Xu , Cheng Zhenxiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCeramic capacitors, known for their exceptional energy‐storage performance (ESP), are crucial components in high‐pulsed power systems. However, their ESP is significantly constrained by breakdown strength (Eb), which is influenced by interfacial polarization. This study delves into the physics, characterization, and application of interfacial polarization. The findings indicate that key factors affecting ESP, such as grain size, relaxor factor, and bandgap, are intrinsically linked to interfacial polarization, establishing it as the most critical determinant of ESP. To demonstrate the practical applications of interfacial polarization engineering, lead‐free ceramics of (1‐x)(0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐0.06BaTiO3)‐xCa0.7Bi0.2(Sn0.5Ti0.5)O3 (abbreviated as (BNT‐BT)‐xCBST is designed, where x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25). The (BNT‐BT)‐0.25CBST sample, with a thickness of 120 µm, achieved an ultrahigh recoverable energy‐storage density (Wrec) of 12.2 J cm−3 and a high efficient (η) of 88.8%, along with excellent temperature/frequency stability and outstanding charge/discharge performance. The remarkable ESP is attributed to the suppression of interfacial polarization, which significantly enhances Eb. This work highlights the pivotal role of interfacial polarization engineering in the development of energy‐storage ceramics with superior comprehensive performance.
Lipid Droplet Surface Promotes 3D Morphological Evolution of Non‐Rhomboidal Cholesterol Crystals
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Ro , Kang Seunghan , Choi Siyoung Q. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCholesterol crystals, which cause inflammation and various diseases, predominantly grow in a platy, rhomboid structure on the plasma membranes but exhibit an uneven three‐dimensional (3D) architecture intracellularly. Here, it is demonstrated how cholesterol crystallizes in a non‐rhomboidal shape on the surface of lipid droplets and develops into 3D sheet‐like agglomerates using an in vitro lipid droplet reconstitution system with stereoscopic fluorescence imaging. The findings reveal that interfacial cholesterol transport on the lipid droplet surface and unique lipid droplet components significantly influence the nucleation‐and‐growth dynamics of cholesterol crystals, leading to crystal growth in various polygonal shapes. Furthermore, cholesterol crystals readily agglomerate to form large, curved sheet structures on the confined, spherical surfaces of lipid droplets. This discovery enhances the understanding of the volumetric morphological growth of intracellular cholesterol crystals.
Spatiotemporal Encapsulation of Tandem Enzymes in Hierarchical Metal–Organic Frameworks for Cofactor‐Dependent Photoenzymatic CO2 Conversion
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Jieqiong , Shi Xiaoqian , Yu Xiaoxuan , Yu Shuangjiang , Liu Junqiu , Sun Hongcheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe photo‐enzyme coupling system (PECS) holds immense potential in “green” biomanufacturing, encompassing the realms of pharmaceuticals, fuels, and carbon sequestration. Nevertheless, the intricate nature of enzymes' structures significantly impedes the seamless integration of multiple enzymes in a precise, tandem fashion, with exact control over their distribution, posing a formidable challenge. Herein, it has devised a mesoporous csq‐type metal organic framework (Zr‐MOF) from meso‐tetrakis‐(4‐((phenyl)ethynyl)benzoate)porphyrin (Por‐PTP) and Zr6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4(OH)4(H2O)4) nodes (Zr6 clusters), featuring intricate hierarchical hexagonal (5.8 nm) and triangular (2.9 nm) channels, enabling the simultaneous encapsulation of Formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii (CbFDH) and ferredoxin‐NADP+ reductase (FNR) via a spatiotemporally controlled strategy for cofactor‐dependent photoenzymatic carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion. Upon illumination, photoexcited electrons originating from the Zr‐MOF frameworks migrate to the adjacent FNR for cofactor NADH regeneration, which is then harnessed by proximal CbFDH for CO2 fixation. Concurrently, the resulting holes are neutralized by AA for system recovery. The results demonstrated the confinement of tandem enzymes within MOF channels significantly enhanced the performance of multi‐enzyme cascade pathways as well as augmenting the local NAD+/NADH, which leading to a further improvement in the efficiency of tandem biocatalytic formic acid generation (55 mm) from CO2. Crucially, the photo‐enzyme‐coupled factories exhibited remarkable stability alongside exceptional recyclability, attributed to the preservation of MOF skeletons.
Porous Single‐Crystal Nitrides for Enhanced Pseudocapacitance and Stability in Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Gao Xiangqi , Ma Guoliang , Luo Cong , Xi Shaobo , Ye Lingting , Xie Kui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSupercapacitors have emerged as a prominent area of research in energy storage technology, primarily because of their high power density and notable stability compared to batteries. However, their practical implementation is hindered by their low energy densities and insufficient long‐term stability. In this study, bulk porous Nb4N5 and Ta3N5 single crystals with excellent pseudocapacitance and electrical conductivity are successfully prepared by solid‐phase transformation method. These monolithic porous single crystals (PSC) exhibit a long‐range ordered crystalline architecture and substantial specific surface area, which facilitate rapid charge transport and ion diffusion within the electrolyte‐permeated crystal lattice. Notably, the areal capacitance of the porous Nb4N5 single crystals is 12.9 F cm−2 at a current density of 6 mA cm−2 and 35.08 F cm−2 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1. Furthermore, the energy density reached 1.79 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 20 mW cm−2, demonstrating their high energy storage capability. Moreover, these porous Nb4N5 single crystals exhibited robust capacitance retention and exceptional cycling stability, making them promising candidates for use as electrodes in energy storage applications. These results underscore the significant potential of porous metal nitride single crystals in advancing the field of capacitive energy storage.
Ligand‐Free Zn Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Indoloacridines
Authors: Sambavi Nagarajan , Nawaz Khan Fazlurrahman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn efficient, ligand‐free, and Zn‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of acridinol/ cyclization of imine product/ dehydrogenative C(sp3)‐H functionalization utilizing ChCl‐based deep eutectic solvent system for the assembly of functionalized indoloacridines 9 is reported. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, VOCs free process, broad substrate scope, and applicable gram‐scale synthesis. Furthermore, absorption and solvatochromism properties were explored for the synthesized compounds.
Synthesis of Spirocyclic‐1,2‐Benzisothiazoles by Rh(III)‐Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation of Sulfoximines with Maleimides
Authors: Kumar Anil , Reddy Sudharshan Nagabhushana , Hanchate Vinayak , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRh(III)‐catalyzed spiro‐annulation of sulfoximines with maleimides leads to the diastereoselective synthesis of spirocyclic‐1,2‐benzisothiazole heterocycles is disclosed here. This strategy rapidly assembles five‐membered sulfur‐nitrogen‐containing spirocyclic molecules in one‐step. Moreover, the method is scalable and exhibits favourable diastereoselectivity, moderate functional group tolerance, and excellent site‐selectivity.
Assessing polyomic risk to predict Alzheimer's disease using a machine learning model
Authors: Ngai Tiffany , Willett Julian , Waqas Mohammad , Fishbein Lucas H. , Choi Younjung , Hahn Georg , Mullin Kristina , Lange Christoph , Hecker Julian , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Prokopenko Dmitry 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Given that AD neuropathology begins decades before symptoms, there is a dire need for effective screening tools for early detection of AD to facilitate early intervention.METHODSHere, we used tree‐based and deep learning methods to train polyomic prediction models for AD affection status and age at onset, employing genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and drug use data from UK Biobank. We used SHAP to determine the feature's importance.RESULTSOur best‐performing polyomic model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.87. We identified GFAP and CXCL17 proteins to be the strongest predictors of AD, besides apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles. Increasing the number of cases by including “AD‐by‐proxy” cases did not improve AD prediction.DISCUSSIONAmong the four modalities, genomics, and proteomics were the most informative modality based on AUROC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve). Our data suggest that two blood‐based biomarkers (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and CXCL17) may be effective for early presymptomatic prediction of AD.Highlights
We developed a polyomic model to predict AD and age‐at‐onset using omics and medication use data from EHR.
We identified GFAP and CXCL17 proteins to be the strongest predictors of AD, besides APOE alleles.
“AD‐by‐proxy” cases, if used in training, do not improve AD prediction.
Proteomics was the most informative modality overall for affection status and AAO prediction.