bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A construção de uma história do cinema brasileiro: política estatal e cinema alternativo nos anos Embrafilme
Authors: Moura Roberto 
Published: November 2018

Como os historiadores profissionais não se interessaram pelo fenômeno, foram intelectuais ligados às esquerdas que produziram efetivamente nos anos 50 os primeiros textos que fundam uma história do cinema brasileiro. Com o subsequente protagonismo do Estado brasileiro na cultura e no cinema nacionais sob os governos militares nos anos 70, configurou-se um excessivo centralismo na atenção dessa história em relação a um setor que surge paralelamente a sua própria elaboração. Trata-se do Cinema Novo que, paradoxalmente, se tornaria hegemônico na poderosa Embrafilme, exigindo-se que essa história da modernidade do cinema brasileiro seja complementada e sejam discutidas algumas de suas avaliações, hoje consensualmente aceitas,
que configuram aspectos cruciais do cinema brasileiro contemporâneo.
Mitigation of Land Movement using Self Potential Method in Ling-Anjung Region Sumedang Regency
Authors: Santoso Budy , Setianto Setianto , Hasanah M U , Wijatmoko B , Supriyana E , Mohammad H 
Published: November 2018

Land movement occurs due to reduced soil strength which is affected by water pressure. The Self Potential (SP) method is a geoelectric method that can detect well the flow of groundwater. The Self Potential method can also be used to detect the presence of debris flow in the form of weathered soil, tuff sand, cobble gravel and other rock fragments that have mixed with water. Based on the results of the SP measurement, debris flow has a medium SP with a value (3 - 12) mV, rock that has shifted (sandstone associated with andesite fragment) has a SP value < 2mV, while water seepage and water flow has an SP value (13 - 36) mV.
Cassava as an insurance crop in a changing climate: The changing role and potential applications of cassava for smallholder farmers in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Polthanee Anan 
Published: November 2018

Approximately 80 percent of the 22 million people in Northeastern Thailand are engaged in agriculture, and the per capita income of the region is lower than in any other part of Thailand. The major constraint to crop production is rainfall. Although the region has an average annual rainfall greater than 1200 mm, the seasonal distribution of rainfall makes for challenging agricultural cultivation opportunities. The climate is characterized by rainy (May-October) and dry (November-April) seasons. Most (90%) farming is cultivated under rainfed conditions. In addition, most soils are characterized by a sandy texture, high acidity, low organic matter, low level of plant nutrients and low water holding capacity. Due to these conditions, and an increasingly unpredictable climate horizon, cassava has come to play an important economic role for smallholder farmers in the region. The inherent tolerance of cassava to stressful environments, requires minimal care, less investment, and provides greater flexibility in planting and harvesting. Although cassava is grown as a monoculture crop, it can also be grown profitably as a second crop in rice-based cropping systems without supplemental irrigation during the dry season, as well as intercropped in rubber plantations at early growth stages. Given the importance of cassava in farmer income, export values, marketing, and labor, this paper discusses the broader socio-economic and biophysical aspects of cassava due to its important role in future agrarian change for the region.
Knowledge management of pomelo production system in Northeast Thailand: A case study of the pomelo farmer group in Ban Thaen district
Authors: Duangta Kanchana , Borisutdhi Yos , Simaraks Suchint 
Published: November 2018

In Thailand pomelo is a fruit tree that has long been grown in the central region particularly in Nakhon Chai Si district, Nakhon Pathom province where soil is relatively fertile and has conditions of sufficient water resources. In contrast, the northeast region has lower soil fertility. Most farmers grow field crops such as rice, cassava and sugarcane instead of fruit trees. However, there is one area in northeast Thailand that is famous for pomelo production in terms of quantity as well as quality for both export and local markets. This area is in Ban Thaen district, Chaiyaphum province. The research objectives of this study is to describe the context of Ban Thaen pomelo farmer group, examine different approaches and understand knowledge management processes of pomelo production. Five key informants groups were selected for the study, consisting of a group leader and group committee members identified for group discussions in order to understand the community context and factors of pomelo production of their group. A total of 17 households were selected for in-depth interviews along with participation observation among some households. Findings show that knowledge management on pomelo production in Ban Thaen is vital for their innovation and practices to increase production volume and quality. This is accomplished through knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing is possible through existing social spaces in various forms.
Application of Soil Science Research to the Determination of the Pollution Resistance Potential of Landscape
Authors: Malinowska Ewa 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The environment resistance potential is defined as the ability of the landscape to limit the negative pollutant impact consisting a.o.in the limiting, by means of accumulation, of the amount of pollutants circulating in the environment system. In practice, their quantity is contigent on the proporties of the components, which are capable of a relatively long-lasting chemical substance accumulation (thus, above all, the properties of the soil cover). The forecast model of environment changes describes the mechanisms and distribution rate of pollution in the soil profile and the interaction with the functional landscape structure. The methodological assumptions, determining of the real, complex diagnosis of the environment condition and for forecasting of the effects of the persisting anthropopressure and for establishing the necessary measures limiting the progressing degradation. Knowing, even approximatively, the mechanism of the existing changes one can determine the optimal (under circumstances) level of pollutant input, and when its limitation is impossible, one can control the use of the environmental potential in such a way as to minimize its negative impact.
Plough Sole as the Result of the Agricultural Land Use
Authors: Stojek Barbara 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper was the estimate of the substratum compaction in various soil types and under various conditions of use. The compaction characteristics were performed on the basis of bulk density of soil. It was performed on various types of soil, built of various materials, occurring in the vicinity of Płock. The soils are farming land. The greatest sub-stratum compaction was observed in arable lands, built of light loam, silt and loamy sand. The difference in bulk density between the layer at the depth of 25 – 35 cm and the adjacent horizons reaches 0.3 Mg per cubic metre. In soils used for green crops the substratum layer does not show a large difference between the adjacent layers, but the values of bulk density are equal to about 1.6 – 1.8 Mg per cubic metre already near the surface. Higher values of bulk density at the depth of 25 – 35 cm were observed in 68% of soils under investigation.
Contemporary Warming and Daily Values of Temperature (on the Example of Warsaw)
Authors: Kossowska-Cezak Urszula 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper aims at presenting changes in everyday air temperature values, triggered by the contemporary warming process. The analysis has been based on the mean, maximum, and minimum daily temperature values measured in Warsaw between 1951 – 2003. The mean daily temperature in that period was between −24.6 and 28.4°C, absolute minimum temperature was −30.7°C, absolute maximum temperature amounted to 36.4°C.
Calculations indicate that the number of days with mean temperature ≤ −5.0°C (minimum < 0.0°C, maximum < 0.0°C) in the last several years decreased. This trend slowed down at the beginning of 21st century, nevertheless, the number of days with mean daily temperature > 20.0°C and maximum temperature > 25.0°C was growing, particularly in the 1990’s and even more so in early 2000’s. Also since 1990’s, there has been increasingly more nights with minimum temperature > 15.0°C, which has been particularly apparent in 2001. Contemporary warming is then marked with an increasing frequency of the hottest days and decreasing frequency of the coldest days. These changes were asymmetrical beyond 1950’s, yet, in late 1990’s they coincided.
Application and Verification of a Water Balance Model With Distributed Parameters (On the Example of Rega River Basin)
Authors: Pokojska Paulina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The purpose of the study reported was to apply and verify a model of water balance of spatially distributed parameters in a meso-scale river catchment. The model was applied in the basin of Rega river, with the use of meteorological and hydrological measurement data from the years 1956–1995. In modelling, due account was taken of the land use changes having occurred during the 40-year period considered. The output from modelling was constituted by the raster maps of area evaporation, surface runoff and supply of the underground water resources. On the basis of these results the magnitude of outflow and the structure of water balance were calculated for three river gauge profiles. The deviations of the model-based calculated outflow values from the measured ones were maximally equal +10% for the entire 40-year period and +20% in one of the 5-year sub-periods.
The Role of Lakes in Natural Groundwater Drainage
Authors: Bajkiewicz-Grabowska Elżbieta 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the paper it is shown that the lakes of the North-Eastern Poland fulfil various functions in the groundwater phase of the water circulation. The value of the resultant of the groundwater supply to the lake, and in some cases also its direction, depend on the volume of the water undergoing a total exchange in the reservoir in the given year. In through-flow lakes the runoff increase coefficient also influences this value.
The Significance of Geographic Location for the Success of Territorial Secession. African Example
Authors: Trzciński Krzysztof 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Political and economic factors always play the main role in the secession of territory. Various aspects of geographic location may however facilitate or hinder secession, as well as the effective functioning of the newly emerged state. For Africa, geographic location in secession may be of greater importance than in the case of other continents. This is caused for the most part by the fact that African states are some of the poorest in the world and are often unable to effectively counteract secession through military means. The lack of well-formed democratic state institutions in turn impedes the peaceful resolution of problems constituting the basis of secessionist tendencies. These are precisely the conditions under which geographic location plays a more critical role.
The Development of Tourism in Protected Areas and the Exploitation of the Natural Environment by Local Communities in Africa and Asia
Authors: Dudek Anna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
From an economic point of view, protected areas do not bring in high profits, in comparison to other possible ways of land usage. National parks and nature reserves are costly in their creation, as well as in their subsequent upkeep and management. In developing countries, their operation can be the source of many political and economic problems. Usually, local communities neighboring protected areas perceive the existence of a protected zone negatively, although they are often able to avail themselves of park resources in various ways. Besides being given the opportunity to rationally make use of certain park resources, community members may be employed as park attendants, which is a practice that is widespread. A part of the profits obtained from the developing tourist industry may be allocated towards local development programs, e.g. the building of a new hospital or school. Some national parks, while lacking the adequate infrastructure necessary for tourism, grapple with a lack of funds. The lack of earning opportunities in connection with the development of tourism results in the local community’s over-exploitation of park resources. This often manifests itself in an increased incidence of poaching in the protected area.
Concept of the New Topographic Map of Poland at the Scale of 1: 50 000
Authors: Ostrowski Wiesław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The factual and technical foundations of the concept for the 1:50 000 topographic map published in Poland between 1995 and 2002 by the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography are discussed in this article. While discussing content and graphic design, the author gives particular attention to the novel way of representing built-up areas.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Environmental Research and Water Management
Authors: Absalon Damian , Jankowski Andrzej T. , Leśniok Mieczysław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The article presents the content of digital thematic maps: sozological and hydrographic as well as the basic principles of their preparation. It contains selected examples of applications of these maps in the research of natural environment and water management in the Upper Silesia region and its surroundings. This area is one of the most transformed regions due to human economic activity in Europe.
The Influence of Cloudiness on Air Temperature and Precipitation on the Territory of Poland (1951–2000)
Authors: Żmudzka Elwira 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Analysis of time series was performed of cloudiness, air temperature and precipitation for the years 1951–2000, the data used representing lowland Poland. The properties of the temporal course of these elements of climate and the interrelations between their variability in time have been determined. The strength of dependence of precipitation and temperature upon the magnitude of cloudiness in the annual cycle has been assessed with the linear correlation coefficient. The essential climate-forming role of cloudiness has been confirmed. The magnitude of cloudiness over Poland explains up to 70% of variability of temperature and precipitation. These interrelations are the strongest in the warmer half of the year. Atmospheric circulation and cloudiness explain up to 85% of variability of the climate elements studied.
Water Level Fluctuations in the Turawa Reservoir in Relation to the Tourist Use of the Water Body
Authors: Jankowski Andrzej T. , Ruman Marek 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to assess the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir (50° 43’ N, 18° 08’ E) in relation to the tourist use of the water body. The reservoir is situated within the macroregion of the Silesian Lowland in the mesoregion of the Opole Plain. In administrative terms, the reservoir is situated in the pole Province within the borough of Turawa. In hydrological terms, in turn, it is situated in the catchment area of the Mała Panew river, which belongs to the basin of the Odra river. The Turawa Reservoir was opened for use in 1938, and in 1948 it was filled with water to its maximum for the first time. At present, the surface area of the reservoir, when it is filled with water to its maximum, is about 20.8 km2, its volume 99.5 mln m3, and its depth exceeds 13 meters. In the period of hydrological years 1976-2000 water levels in this reservoir were characterized by high, unnoticed in natural conditions, amplitudes of changes reaching 6.99 m. Anthropogenically stimulated fluctuations in the water level result in conflicts in terms of tasks and functions that the Turawa Reservoir was designed for. Changes in the level of the water surface in the Turawa Reservoir resulted from the impact of the natural factors (thaw and rainfall related high water levels), as well as anthropogenic ones (the need to improve sailing conditions, water supply for industrial and municipal needs). Decreasing the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir is necessary in order to maintain its tourist-recreational functions and keep the ecological condition of its waters at the appropriate level.
Will Xerothermic Grasslands of the Ponidzie Region Survive?
Authors: Grabowski Tomasz 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Xerothermic grasslands are veritable botanical gems of the Ponidzie region, located in the upland zone of Poland. Most of these exceptional plant communities have been formed as a result of deforestation, in habitats characterized by specific climatic, hydrological and soil conditions. The result of the natural reserve protection of the xerothermic grassland, however, is opposite to the desired result. The survival of the xerothermic grassland depends on the change in the approach to their protection. Xerothermic grasslands are an excellent example of the difficulties with maintaining very valuable, but semi-natural and anthropogenic communities, related to a large extent to traditional, extensive forms of agriculture. Similar problems occur in the case of gladiolus meadows in lower subalpine forest zones or of once-mown molinion meadows in river valleys.
Attitudes of Local Government Authorities Towards a Neighbouring Town
Authors: Mularczyk Mirosław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
As a result of suburbanization, intensification of urbanization processes in suburban areas is taking place. The suburban zone is understood to be an area located in direct neighbourhood of a city or town, related to it and being systematically transformed. It is also defined as a transient area between a village and a city/town, mainly in spatial terms (mixed forms of space development and transient settlement types). The aim of this paper is to define the attitudes of suburban local government authorities towards neighbouring city/town. In order to achieve this aim, methods of analytic description, direct observation, analysis of documents such as “Local development plans”, “Development Strategies”, “The study of causation and directions in spatial management” of suburban municipalities in the Kielce county were used.
Cosmopolitans of Small Fatherlands
Authors: Swianiewicz Paweł , Lackowska Marta 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper investigates into the specific features of the residents living in the metropolitan areas (MAs) in Poland. Basing on the statistical data and survey conducted in the two Polish MAs we draw conclusions on the spatial and political behaviour of metropolitan residents and on their territorial identity. The results show that a fair share of metropolitan residents live in a scale wider then their home municipality. Moreover some citizens (especially those who migrated to suburbs recently and those with higher education) reveal stronger spatial identity with the whole metropolitan area then with their home municipality. Delocalisation is also reflected in the lack of interest in municipal politics and low trust in suburb municipal politicians, while their interest in general politics remains on a high level.
Tourism Management in the Vicinity of the Selected Retention Reservoirs in Poland
Authors: Duda-Gromada Katarzyna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The creation of a retention reservoir causes changes in the management of its vicinity. Tourism functions develop, and as a result the tourism infrastructure also develops. In the paper, selected aspects of the tourism management in the vicinity of two retention reservoirs in Poland (Solina and Tresna) are discussed. The author characterizes the accommodation, catering, transport, and supplementary infrastructures. Also, the results of an opinion poll rating these elements of the infrastructure are presented.
Transformations of Tourism in the Colca Valley – New Actors and New Patterns of Local Development
Authors: Lisocka-Jaegermann Bogumiła , Wołoszczak Katarzyna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The article presents history and dynamics of tourist movement in the Colca Valley. Analyzing results of field research conducted in 2003 and 2007 the authors describe main changes in the attitudes of local inhabitants and authorities towards tourism and identify their character. Tourist activities based on the Colca Canyon natural attractions, remaining under total control of external tour operators since the eighties and perceived as a burden in the area, are seen now as a possible important factor of local development. New bottom-up initiatives are spreading in the Colca localities supported by NGOs and a public development program. Patterns of more sustainable tourism emerge and local culture is turning into an important element of the Colca tourist product.
Cartographic Methods and Their Correctness on Maps in the Polish Press Since the mid–19th Century
Authors: Kowalski Paweł 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
On the background of the conditions of functioning of the Polish press since the mid–19th century, the paper describes cartographic and graphic methods used on press maps, with the emphasis on the quantitative methods of information presentation. The qualitative methods were mostly used in a proper way. The factors determining the level of press mapping were the skills of map makers and the limitations resulting from the letterpress printing technology. The application of computer technology and the shift to offset printing in the last decade of the 20th century overcame these obstacles. New possibilities of the creation of maps with richer content and more graphically effective emerged. Despite these new possibilities one still needs at least basic knowledge on cartographic methods and map graphics in order to be able to prepare the cartographically correct maps. The maps presented in this paper focus on the presentation of the most common mistakes, with less emphasis put on the cartographic methods and map graphics.
Unusual Graphic Solutions and Their Place in Classification of Cartographic Presentation Methods
Authors: Korycka-Skorupa Jolanta 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Examples of unusual and unconventional graphic solutions which we can often find in the times of fast developing computer technology are discussed in the article. Many of them are suggested by various GIS programs, few of them may be found in the press or on the Internet. This means that their users are people who are not associated with cartography and who are not familiar with the framework of cartographic methods.
Geographical Paths as an Auxiliary Didactic Resource – A Study Proposal
Authors: Markowska Agata K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Didactic paths play a very important part in modern education, on the primary school level as well as at universities. Beside other things, they let students compare book knowledge with the real world. Unfortunately, there are only a few geographical didactic paths, as opposed to those in history or science.
The new offer for preparing methodological geographical paths begins with an analysis of documents as a curriculum model or a syllabus with chosen items to be taught which can be discussed during outdoor lessons and finally examines the area which fulfils a large number of requirements.
It is possible that in this way of preparing methodological geographical paths the boring, monotonous area will give many possibilities to discuss teaching items.