bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in phenylketonuria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Drzymała-Czyż Sławomira , Kałużny Łukasz , Krzyżanowska-Jankowska Patrycja , Walkowiak Dariusz , Morzymas Renata , Walkowiak Jarosław 
Published: June 2018

Deficiency of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in phenylketonuria: a cross-sectional study Abstract The etiology of altered blood fatty acid (FA) profile in phenylketonuria (PKU) is understood only partially. We aimed to determine whether FAs deficiency is dependent on diet or metabolic disturbances. The study comprised 40 PKU patients (20 female, 20 male; aged 11 to 35 years; 12 children and 28 adults) and 40 healthy subjects (HS; 20 female, 20 male, aged 18 to 33 years). We assessed the profile of FAs (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) and analyzed the 72-hour dietary recalls. The amount of C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9 did not differ between the analyzed groups. The percentage of C18:0 was higher, while C20:3n-9, C18:2n-6, C20:2n-6, C20:4n-6, C22:4n-6, C22:5n-6 and C22:6n-3 was lower in PKU than in HS. However, C18:3n-6, C18:3n-3 and n-6/n-3 ratio were higher in PKU patients. The C20:4n-6/C20:3n-6 ratio (reaction catalyzed by Δ5-desaturase), the C22:5n-6/C22:4n-6 and the C22:6n-3/C22:5n-3 ratio (both reactions catalyzed by Δ6-desaturase) were significantly lower in PKU patients. The deficiency of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in PKU patients may result not only from inadequate supply but also from metabolic disturbances.
Is the default of 2 liters for daily per-capita water consumption appropriate? A nationwide survey reveals water intake in Japan
Authors: Ohno Koichi , Asami Mari , Matsui Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Two liters per day is generally applied as the default drinking water intake rate for risk assessments, although evidence supporting this value is insufficient. This study aimed to reveal actual water intakes from tap water and other types of drinks, and to explore the relationships between these intakes. For this purpose, we conducted a nationwide Internet questionnaire survey. Tap water intake negatively correlated with bottled water and soft drink intakes, suggesting a mutually complementary relationship. We propose an index, potential Tap Water Intake (pTWI), calculated by adding soft drinks and bottled water to tap water intake. Mean per-capita tap water intake across the entire Japanese population was estimated at 1.28 L/d, whereas mean pTWI was estimated at 1.65 L/d. Two liters per day corresponds to the 88th percentile of tap water intake and to the 76th percentile of pTWI, and covers the intake of the majority of the population in Japan. This rate should continue being used as the default in the Japanese population, but the rate to cover the tap water intake of almost the entire population would be higher: it was &gt;2.5 L/d.
Using Mobile Technology to Provide Personalized Reminiscence for People Living With Dementia and Their Carers: Appraisal of Outcomes From a Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Laird Elizabeth A , Ryan Assumpta , McCauley Claire , Bond Raymond B , Mulvenna Maurice D , Curran Kevin J , Bunting Brendan , Ferry Finola , Gibson Aideen 
Published: June 2018

Background
Dementia is an international research priority. Reminiscence is an intervention that prompts memories and has been widely used as a therapeutic approach for people living with dementia. We developed a novel iPad app to support home-based personalized reminiscence. It is crucial that technology-enabled reminiscence interventions are appraised.

Objective
We sought to measure the effect of technology-enabled reminiscence on mutuality (defined as the level of “closeness” between an adult living with dementia and their carer), quality of carer and patient relationship, and subjective well-being.

Methods
A 19-week personalized reminiscence intervention facilitated by a program of training and a bespoke iPad app was delivered to people living with dementia and their family carers at their own homes. Participants (N=60) were recruited in dyads from a cognitive rehabilitation team affiliated with a large UK health care organization. Each dyad comprised a person living with early to moderate dementia and his or her family carer. Outcome measurement data were collected at baseline, midpoint, and intervention closure.

Results
Participants living with dementia attained statistically significant increases in mutuality, quality of carer and patient relationship, and subjective well-being (P<.001 for all 3) from baseline to endpoint. Carers attained nonsignificant increases in mutuality and quality of carer and patient relationship and a nonsignificant decrease in subjective well-being.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that individual-specific reminiscence supported by an iPad app may be efficient in the context of early to moderate dementia. A robust randomized controlled trial of technology-enabled personalized reminiscence is warranted.
The Effect of the Use of Stories in Improving the Writing Ability of the Second Year Students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Mangempang Barru
Authors: Syamsiah Syamsiah 
Published: June 2018

This research investigated the implementation of the use of stories in improving the students’ writing ability. The objectives of this research were (1) to find out whether or not the use of the stories is effective to improve the writing ability, (2) to find out which of the writing components that is mostly increased by the implementation of the use of stories.
This research was carried out on the second year students of MTs N Mangempang Barru. The writer employed a quasi-experimental design. This research assigned two groups namely experimental and control group. Each group consists of 24 students. The sample was using cluster random sampling. The experiment group of were taught by using stories while in other group taught by using mono text. The instrument of this research was writing descriptive text. The data obtained through the test were analyzed by using inferential analysis by some formulas.
Based on the result of research the mean score of post test of experimental group (73.42) was higher than the control group (69.50). The result of the t-test value (2.99) was higher than t-table value (2.021) . in other words, Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted..This means that the use of stories significantly improved the students’ writing ability of the second year students of MTs N Mangempang Barru.
MESSENGER Observations of Rapid and Impulsive Magnetic Reconnection in Mercury's Magnetotail
Authors: Zhong J. , Wei Y. , Pu Z. Y. , Wang X. G. , Wan W. X. , Slavin J. A. , Cao X. , Raines J. M. , Zhang H. , Xiao C. J. , Du A. M. , Wang R. S. , Dewey R. M. , Chai L. H. , Rong Z. J. , Li Y. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The nature of magnetic reconnection in planetary magnetospheres may differ between various planets. We report the first observations of a rapidly evolving magnetic reconnection process in Mercury’s magnetotail by the MESSENGER spacecraft. The reconnection process was initialized in the plasma sheet and then evolved into the lobe region during a ∼35 s period. The tailward reconnection fronts of primary and secondary flux ropes with clear Hall signatures and energetic electron bursts were observed. The reconnection timescale of a few seconds is substantially shorter than that of terrestrial magnetospheric plasmas. The normalized reconnection rate during a brief quasi-steady period is estimated to be ∼0.2 on average. The observations show the rapid and impulsive nature of the exceedingly driven reconnection in Mercury’s magnetospheric plasma that may be responsible for the much more dynamic magnetosphere of Mercury.
A Persistent Disk Wind in GRS 1915+105 with NICER
Authors: Neilsen J. , Cackett E. , Remillard R. A. , Homan J. , Steiner J. F. , Gendreau K. , Arzoumanian Z. , Prigozhin G. , LaMarr B. , Doty J. , Eikenberry S. , Tombesi F. , Ludlam R. , Kara E. , Altamirano D. , Fabian A. C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The bright, erratic black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105 has long been a target for studies of disk instabilities, radio/infrared jets, and accretion disk winds, with implications that often apply to sources that do not exhibit its exotic X-ray variability. With the launch of the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), we have a new opportunity to study the disk wind in GRS 1915+105 and its variability on short and long timescales. Here we present our analysis of 39 NICER observations of GRS 1915+105 collected during five months of the mission data validation and verification phase, focusing on Fe xxv and Fe xxvi absorption. We report the detection of strong Fe xxvi in 32 (>80%) of these observations, with another four marginal detections; Fe xxv is less common, but both likely arise in the well-known disk wind. We explore how the properties of this wind depend on broad characteristics of the X-ray lightcurve: mean count rate, hardness ratio, and fractional rms variability. The trends with count rate and rms are consistent with an average wind column density that is fairly steady between observations but varies rapidly with the source on timescales of seconds. The line dependence on spectral hardness echoes the known behavior of disk winds in outbursts of Galactic black holes; these results clearly indicate that NICER is a powerful tool for studying black hole winds.
Stellar and Molecular Gas Rotation in a Recently Quenched Massive Galaxy at z ∼ 0.7
Authors: Hunt Qiana , Bezanson Rachel , Greene Jenny E. , Spilker Justin S. , Suess Katherine A. , Kriek Mariska , Narayanan Desika , Feldmann Robert , van der Wel Arjen , Pattarakijwanich Petchara 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The process by which massive galaxies transition from blue, star-forming disks into red, quiescent galaxies remains one of the most poorly understood aspects of galaxy evolution. In this investigation, we attempt to gain a better understanding of how star formation is quenched by focusing on a massive post-starburst galaxy at z = 0.747. The target has a high stellar mass and a molecular gas fraction of 30%—unusually high for its low star formation rate (SFR). We look for indicators of star formation suppression mechanisms in the stellar kinematics and age distribution of the galaxy obtained from spatially resolved Gemini Integral-field spectra and in the gas kinematics obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We find evidence of significant rotation in the stars, but we do not detect a stellar age gradient within 5 kpc. The molecular gas is aligned with the stellar component, and we see no evidence of strong gas outflows. Our target may represent the product of a merger-induced starburst or of morphological quenching; however, our results are not completely consistent with any of the prominent quenching models.
Patient satisfaction and treatment adherence of stable human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in antiretroviral adherence clubs and clinics
Authors: De Jager Gabi A. , Crowley Talitha , Esterhuizen Tonya M. 
Published: June 2018

Background: South Africa has experienced a substantial increase in access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in recent years. Effective strategies to manage access to treatment need to be incorporated into and implemented in ART programmes. Antiretroviral treatment adherence clubs are a new strategy that is being implemented in various parts of South Africa. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate treatment adherence and patient satisfaction of stable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients on ART in ART adherence clubs and clinics. Setting: The study was conducted in the Eden district of the Western Cape, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to examine the relationships between patient satisfaction and treatment adherence in ART adherence clubs and clinics in the Eden district, Western Cape province, South Africa. Validated questionnaires were used to measure patient satisfaction and self-reported treatment adherence. Results: The study included 320 participants (98 club and 222 clinic) from 13 primary health care clinics. The analyses showed that higher levels of satisfaction could be predicted with club participants compared to clinic participants (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference between clinic and club participants with regards to treatment adherence. However, being adherent was more likely in participants who were satisfied (odds ratio = 3.18, 95% confidence interval [1.14–7.11], p < 0.01). Conclusion: Antiretroviral treatment adherence clubs provide a service that patients are more satisfied with although they are not more adherent to treatment. This strategy may be effective for the delivery of long-term care for patients on ART.
Time trends in prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Kalaivani K. , Ramachandran Prema 
Published: June 2018

Background & objectives:
The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy in India is among the highest in the world. In the last two decades, several national surveys have estimated haemoglobin levels in pregnant women. In this study, data from these surveys were analyzed to find out changes, if any, in prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy.

Methods:
National and State-level estimates on the prevalence of anaemia were tabulated from the reports of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2, NFHS 3, Fact Sheets of NFHS 4 and District Level Household Survey (DLHS) 2. Unit level data from DLHS 4 and Annual Health Survey Clinical Anthropometric and Biochemical component (AHS CAB) were obtained and State level prevalence of different grades of anaemia was estimated. Time trends in the prevalence of anaemia and different grades of anaemia were assessed from these surveys.

Results:
NFHS 2, 3 and 4 reported relatively lower prevalence of anaemia as compared to DLHS and AHS CAB. There was not much change in the prevalence or severity of anaemia between NFHS 2, 3 and 4. There was substantial reduction in the prevalence and severity of anaemia in all States except Uttarakhand between DLHS 2 and 4 and DLHS 2 and AHS CAB.

Interpretation & conclusions:
There was a reduction in the prevalence and severity of anaemia in the last 15 years. The two-pronged strategy of increasing iron intake (dietary diversification and use of iron-fortified iodized salt) in all the population and testing, and detecting and treating pregnant women with anaemia will accelerate the pace of reduction in anaemia.
Intrapatient variability in plasma rifampicin & isoniazid in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Kumar A. K. Hemanth , Chandrasekaran V. , Kannan T. , Lavanya J. , Swaminathan Soumya , Ramachandran Geetha 
Published: June 2018

Background & objectives:
Large variability in anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug concentrations between patients is known to exist. However, limited information is available on intrapatient drug levels during the course of anti-TB treatment (ATT). This study was conducted to evaluate intrapatient variability in plasma rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) concentrations during ATT at start of the treatment, at the end of intensive phase (IP) of ATT and at the end of ATT in adult TB patients being treated in the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP).

Methods:
Adult TB patients (n=485), receiving thrice-weekly ATT in the RNTCP, were studied. Two-hour post-dosing concentrations of RMP and INH were determined at month 1, end of IP and end of ATT, after directly observed drug administration. Drug concentrations were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:
The median (inter-quartile range) RMP concentrations during the first month, at end of IP and end of ATT were 2.1 (0.4-5.0), 2.4 (0.6-5.5) and 2.2 (0.5-5.3) μg/ml, respectively. The corresponding INH concentrations were 7.1 (4.2-9.9), 7.2 (3.9-10.9) and 6.7 (3.9-9.5) μg/ml. None of the differences in drug concentrations obtained at different time points during ATT were significant. RMP and INH concentrations at different time points were significantly correlated. Age and body mass index caused significant variability in drug concentrations.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Plasma RMP and INH estimations in adult TB patients at two hours after drug administration remained unaltered during ATT. Clinicians can consider testing drug concentrations at any time point during ATT. These findings may assume significance in the context of therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-TB drug concentrations.
Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in south coastal Karnataka, India, using spoligotyping
Authors: Chawla Kiran , Kumar Ajay , Shenoy Vishnu Prasad , Chauhan Devendra Singh , Sharma Pragya 
Published: June 2018

Background & objectives:
Despite high occurrence of tuberculosis in India very little information is available about the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates prevailing in coastal Karnataka, India. Thus, the present study was undertaken to explore the genetic biodiversity of M. tuberculosis isolates prevailing in south coastal region of Karnataka (Udupi District), India.

Methods:
A total of 111 Mycobacterial isolates were cultured in Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium and after obtaining growth, DNA was extracted and spoligotyping was performed. SITVIT WEB database was used to locate families of spoligotypes.

Results:
On analyzing the hybridization results of all 111 isolates on SITVIT WEB database 57 (51.35%) isolates were clustered into 11 Spoligotype International Types (SIT). The largest cluster of 14 (12.61%) isolates was SIT-48 (EAI1-SOM), followed by SIT-1942 (CAS1-Delhi) with 11 isolates (9.9%) and SIT-11 with seven (6.30%). Moreover, 23 isolates (20.72%) had unique spoligotypes and 31 (27.92%) were orphans. Spotclust analysis revealed that majority (67%) of orphan isolates were variants of CAS (37%) and EAI-5 (34%).

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present study revealed high biodiversity among the circulating isolates of M. tuberculosis in this region with the presence of mixed genotypes earlier reported from north and south India along with certain new genotypes with unique SITs. The study highlights the need for further longitudinal studies to explore the genetic diversity and to understand the transmission dynamics of prevailing isolates.
Comparative study between liquid-based cytology & conventional Pap smear for cytological follow up of treated patients of cancer cervix
Authors: Singh Uma , Anjum  , Qureshi Sabuhi , Negi Neha , Singh Nisha , Goel Madhumati , Srivastava Kirti 
Published: June 2018

Background & objectives:
Cancer cervix is one of the most common forms of genital malignancy among Indian women. Recurrence is seen in a significant number of cases. The conventional cervical smear technique has inherent problems and screening and interpretation errors. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of liquid-based cytology (LBC) as a method for cytological follow up and detection of recurrence in treated cases of cancer cervix and to compare it with conventional Pap smear technique to find the best screening method for detection of recurrence in these patients.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year. Patients attending Gynecology and Radiotherapy outpatient departments for follow up after treatment of cancer cervix were included. Pap smear and LBC were taken in all cases. Colposcopy and biopsy were done for those having epithelial cell abnormality in cytology report. Colposcopy and biopsy were taken as gold standard for diagnosis of cancer cervix recurrence.

Results:
Ninety four treated patients of carcinoma cervix were studied. The diagnostic accuracy for detection of recurrence of conventional Pap smear was 79.16 per cent, and that of LBC was 97.6 per cent. The difference between the two methods was significant (P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings showed that LBC performed better than the conventional method of cytology to detect recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma. Its sensitivity, specificity as well as accuracy were much higher than conventional method. LBC can be a better method of cytological follow up of post-treated patients of cancer cervix.
Ice velocity of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Petermann Glacier, Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, and Zachariæ Isstrøm, 2015–2017, from Sentinel 1-a/b SAR imagery
Authors: Lemos Adriano , Shepherd Andrew , McMillan Malcolm , Hogg Anna E. , Hatton Emma , Joughin Ian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Systematically monitoring Greenland's outlet glaciers is central to
understanding the timescales over which their flow and sea level
contributions evolve. In this study we use data from the new Sentinel-1a/b
satellite constellation to generate 187 velocity maps, covering four key outlet
glaciers in Greenland: Jakobshavn Isbræ, Petermann Glacier,
Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, and Zachariæ Isstrøm. These data provide a new
high temporal resolution record (6-day averaged solutions) of each glacier's
evolution since 2014, and resolve recent seasonal speedup periods and
inter-annual changes in Greenland outlet glacier speed with an estimated
certainty of 10 %. We find that since 2012, Jakobshavn Isbræ has been
decelerating, and now flows approximately 1250 m yr−1 (10 %), slower
than 5 years previously, thus reversing an increasing trend in ice velocity
that has persisted during the last decade. Despite this, we show that
seasonal variability in ice velocity remains significant: up to
750 m yr−1 (14 %) at a distance of 12 km inland of the terminus. We also
use our new dataset to estimate the duration of speedup periods (80–95 days)
and to demonstrate a strong relationship between ice front position and ice
flow at Jakobshavn Isbræ, with increases in speed of ∼ 1800 m yr−1
in response to 1 km of retreat. Elsewhere, we record significant
seasonal changes in flow of up to 25 % (2015) and 18 % (2016) at
Petermann Glacier and Zachariæ Isstrøm, respectively. This study
provides a first demonstration of the capacity of a new era of operational
radar satellites to provide frequent and timely monitoring of ice sheet
flow, and to better resolve the timescales over which glacier dynamics
evolve.
Erythrophagocytosis in Bone Marrow: A Clue to Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
Authors: GARG Neha , RAİNA Surabhi , KOTRU Mrinalini , SİKKA Meera 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Bone
marrow (BM) is usually done to investigate the patients for Pyrexia of Unknown
Origin (PUO). However, only 16.5 % of cases reveal any diagnostic information.
Increasing incidence of atypical presentations are seen in typhoid. Careful
examination of BM to pick up clues for diagnosis is important We report a case
of a 15 year old female who presented with fever since associated with altered
sensorium, gum bleeding and loose stools. Hematological findings revealed
pancytopenia with macrocytic anemia with erythrophagocytosis in BM aspirates. A
diagnosis of typhoid was made with a positive typhi dot IgM. The authors
present this case to highlight the importance of simple BM findings of
erythrophagocytosis and how awareness about this feature can point towards the
right diagnosis in the midst of atypical clinical and hematological features. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 8(2):73-75.