bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long Path Towards to Success in Electrospun Nanofiber Yarn Production Since 1930’s: A Critical Review
Authors: Göktepe Fatma , Mülayim Beyza Buzol 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Direct conversion of nanofibers into a yarn formed by electrospinning has begun to draw attention recently while pioneering attempts in fact go back to 1930s. Once nanofiber yarns are spun successfully by electrospinning, obviously, this would open new gates for many different applications. However, this is still a challenging task and there is no system accepted universally yet. There are more than 20 different approaches available so far but with serious limitations. In this review, they were categorized as (i) systems for production of parallel bundle of nanofibers and (ii) systems for production of twisted nanofiber yarns, presenting potential applicability of each with a critical point of view. The results show that some of the attempts mainly present basic conceptual ideas only. There are some works to produce real twisted nanofiber yarns continuously while mainly funnel, disc, or ring collectors have been used as the twisting element. However, there is limited information regarding stability of spinning system or control of yarn properties. This review also analyses the technical properties of electrospun nanofiber yarns summarizing the available data in terms of yarn properties such as fiber fineness, twist, production speed, mechanical properties, polymer types, and other important parameters available.
Crystal structure of poly[μ3-5-(4-(2,6-di(pyridine-2-yl)pyridine-4-yl)phenoxy)isophthalato-κ5
O:O′,O′′:N,N′,N′′cobalt(II)], C29H17CoN3O5
Authors: Liu Xue-Guo , Yan Wei-Hong , Xing Xiao-Jing , Fan Hui-Tao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
C29H17CoN3O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.1893(6) Å, b = 13.9922(10) Å, c = 14.1772(7) Å, β = 94.544(5)°, V = 2212.6(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0460, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0975, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(9-aminoacridin-10-ium) tetrachloridocuprate(II) monohydrate, C26H24Cl4CuN4O
Authors: Sikorski Artur 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
C26H24Cl4CuN4O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.967(1) Å, b = 11.853(1) Å, c = 13.370(2) Å, α = 101.981(8)°, β = 106.586(8)°, γ = 113.856(9)°, V = 1287.0(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0300, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0771, T = 295(2) K.
Novel diatom-FeO
x
composite as highly active catalyst in photodegradation of Rhodamine-6G
Authors: Gannavarapu Krishna Prasad , Thakkar Megha , Veerapaga Sidhartha , Wei Liping , Dandamudi Rajesh Babu , Mitra Somenath 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We report the study of nanoporous silica-iron oxide composite generated from diatom frustules as a highly active catalyst for the photodegradation of the dye Rhodamine-6G. The unique architecture and high surface area of diatoms were utilized to immobilize iron oxide on their surface to form the composite. Photodegradation was carried out under 365-nm radiation and was observed using the absorption spectrum of the dye. The reaction was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results were compared with commercially available granular iron oxide. The rate constant K (min−1) for photodegradation by the diatom composite was found to be as high as 0.0584 min−1 for diatom-FeO
x
composites, which is 52% higher than 0.0273 min−1 for granular FeO
x
at a dye concentration of 0.02 mm. The unique structural morphology and the synthetic strategy have led to the composites showing superior activity in the degradation of the dye Rhodamine-6G.
Wutausbrüche und Bittgesuche
Authors: Masina Filippo 
Published: April 2018

Riassunto
L’articolo tratta delle misure assistenziali in pro dei sinistrati di guerra nell’Italia repubblicana, ma nell’ottica di inquadrare tali provvedimenti nel piu ampio contesto dei nuovi diritti di cittadinanza sanciti con la Carta costituzionale del 1947. Andando oltre il gia noto nesso tra warfare e welfare, l’articolo ricostruisce l’esercizio di tali nuovi diritti (un vero e proprio „diritto al benessere“ che, preso a „fondamento della nuova cittadinanza“, e stato giudicato come uno dei punti cardine della transizione tra guerra e dopoguerra) da parte di una categoria sovente giudicata dallo Stato meritevole delle piu ampie attenzioni, ma che lamento molto spesso la trascuratezza da parte delle istituzioni nel garantirle quanto stabilito dalla legge. L’ipotesi di partenza e, pertanto, che tali difficolta abbiano contribuito a minare l’affezione di una porzione non piccola della cittadinanza rispetto alle nuove istituzioni democratiche, molto fragili nei primi anni del dopoguerra. L’articolo analizza nello specifico alcuni casi di pratiche pensionistiche, relative a diverse categorie di beneficiari, afflitte pero dai medesimi problemi: in particolare, la lentezza talvolta sconcertante con cui il Dipartimento Generale delle Pensioni di Guerra - che pure era, in effetti, letteralmente inondata di domande di pensione - gestiva l’iter delle pratiche, tanto che alcune si sono trascinate sino agli anni ’90. Il cittadino che faceva richiesta di pensione di guerra (che spettava agli invalidi per cause di guerra con almeno il 30 per cento di capacita lavorativa perduta) doveva spesso attendere anni anche soltanto per avere una prima risposta. Cio provocava un fenomeno ricorrente, cioe quello di rivolgersi alle piu diverse personalita ed autorita politiche auspicando la loro intercessione: non percependo la forza del diritto, ci si rifugiava nella speranza di una generosita paternalistica. Talvolta, queste lettere - di rabbia, e di supplica - addirittura precedevano i gravi ritardi dell’espletamento delle pratiche, segnalando dunque l’esistenza di una consuetudine predemocratica nei suoi stessi presupposti. Uno dei segnali di una condizione di cittadinanza rimasta incompiuta.
Das faschistische System der sozialen Vorsorge im Spannungsverhältnis zwischen autoritären Maßnahmen und sozialer Integration
Authors: Giorgi Chiara 
Published: April 2018

Riassunto
Il saggio ripercorre alcuni passaggi fondamentali inerenti lo sviluppo dello Stato sociale italiano durante gli anni del fascismo, inquadrandoli tanto nel dibattito storiografico piu recente, quanto nell’ambito di alcune issues nazionali e internazionali. In questo senso le politiche assicurative e previdenziali fasciste verranno prese in esame sia nel contesto piu complessivo della crescita delle politiche sociali degli anni Trenta (europee e non solo), sia in riferimento alle principali istituzioni italiane (in primis l’INFPS, l’Istituto nazionale fascista di previdenza sociale). In particolare il testo e teso a mettere in evidenza la centralita dell’esperienza fascista rispetto al consolidamento storico del welfare nazionale, i cui connotati originali si collocano proprio negli anni di costruzione del regime. Il periodo fascista pose infatti le basi di quel sistema cosiddetto „particolaristico-clientelare“ che si sarebbe poi sviluppato e intensificato nel secondo dopoguerra e che rappresenta, secondo varie voci storiografiche, il tratto piu distintivo della vicenda italiana. I dati conclusivi che emergono sono che, in relazione ad una media europea, l’Italia riusci a recuperare sotto il profilo quantitativo, aumentando la spesa per la sicurezza sociale e il grado di copertura assicurativa. Tuttavia, la cifra impressa dal regime al welfare nazionale ne avrebbe segnato gli sviluppi successivi, facendo emergere la centralita dell’esperienza fascista in ordine alle caratteristiche (e alle dimensioni) di quest’ultimo. Secondariamente, la riorganizzazione avvenuta sotto il fascismo dell’ambito assicurativo e previdenziale - in ordine all’estensione delle forme di tutela, del numero degli assistiti e soprattutto in materia di sistematizzazione - riguardo per lo piu gli aspetti gestionali. Invariata resto una politica di differenziazione delle spettanze che anzi venne accentuata e utilizzata dal regime ai fini del controllo sociale. Il fascismo infatti moltiplico forme e regimi assicurativi diversi e differenziati, nella misura, nella qualita e nel tempo. La ricostruzione delle vicende previdenziali italiane nel periodo tra le due guerre e cosi inserita in un piu ampio contesto sia geografico (europeo e d’Oltreoceano), sia economico, politico e sociale.
Das epistolarische Werk von Ferdinand Gregorovius. Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Steinsiek Angela 
Published: April 2018

Riassunto
Quello di Ferdinand Gregorovius e uno dei piu importanti carteggi del XIX secolo. Nonostante gli sforzi dell’autore di sottrarre questa parte delle sue carte al pubblico, si sono conservate diverse migliaia di lettere che, accanto alla sua opera complessiva, rivestono un valore straordinario anche dal punto di vista letterario. Indispensabili sono le lettere per ricostruire la genesi dei suoi lavori, per comprenderne la qualita nella dialettica tra letteratura e scienza, per identificare i suoi scritti anonimi. Le sue corrispondenze con studiosi, nobili, politici, scrittori, artisti ed editori rappresentano nell’insieme un documento unico della storia politica e sociale, culturale e delle scienze nel XIX secolo e permettono di farsi un’idea concreta sulle vaste reti di contatto transnazionali non solo epistolari, ma anche personali, e sulle condizioni di lavoro di uno storico che svolgeva le sue attivita liberamente e in modo indipendente. Le sue corrispondenze, coprendo diversi decenni, mettono infine in luce i rapidi sviluppi che nella loro interazione contrassegnarono la storia italiana e tedesca dell’epoca.
Going Native or Remaining Foreign?
Authors: Amsler Nadine 
Published: April 2018

Riassunto
Negli ultimi decenni la ricerca storica ha portato la propria attenzione sulle missioni cattoliche nell’Asia moderna in quanto laboratori di contatti culturali. Il passaggio da una visione eurocentrica ed espansionistica delle missioni a un quadro che metteva in risalto il ruolo di attori non europei e le specificita culturali dei cristianesimi sorti in area extraeuropea ha comportato una progressiva articolazione e specializzazione del discorso accademico sull’argomento. Un convegno svoltosi a Roma e dedicato ai missionari cattolici attivi nell’Asia moderna si e prefisso di radunare esperti delle varie regioni del continente al fine di promuovere un dialogo transregionale sul radicamento dei missionari nelle societa locali. L’autrice e uno degli organizzatori del convengo. Nel presente contributo colloca il convegno nel contesto delle ultime tendenze storiografiche, ne riassume i punti salienti e individua nuovi campi di ricerca.
Assessing Repeated-Sprint Ability in Division I Collegiate Women Soccer Players
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Liu Tricia M. , Stage Alyssa A. , Lazar Adrina , Giuliano Dominic V. , Hurley Jillian M. , Torne Ibett A. , Beiley Megan D. , Birmingham-Babauta Samantha A. , Stokes John J. , Risso Fabrice G. , Davis DeShaun L. , Moreno Matthew R. , Orjalo Ashley J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Lockie, RG, Liu, TM, Stage, AA, Lazar, A, Giuliano, DV, Hurley, JM, Torne, IA, Beiley, MD, Birmingham-Babauta, SA, Stokes, JJ, Risso, FG, Davis, DL, Moreno, MR, and Orjalo, AJ. Assessing repeated-sprint ability in Division I collegiate women soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 2015–2023, 2020—Repeated-sprint ability (RSA) is a key component of soccer, and is the capacity to repeatedly produce near-maximal to maximal sprints with short recovery periods. Repeated-sprint ability has received little analysis in collegiate women soccer players. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between RSA and tests of soccer-specific performance. Nineteen players from the same Division I collegiate women's soccer team were recruited. The RSA test consisted of six 20-m sprints completed on 15-second cycles. The measurements taken were total time (TT) and percent decrement (PD; percent change from first to last sprint). Subjects also completed tests of: lower-body strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM] back squat); jump performance (vertical and standing long jumps); linear (0–5, 0–10, and 0–30 m sprint intervals) and change-of-direction (505 from each leg) speed; and soccer-specific fitness (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 [YYIRT1]). Pearson's correlations (p ≤ 0.05) were used to calculate relationships between RSA TT and PD with the performance tests. Total time exhibited significant relationships with the 0–10 (r = 0.50) and 0–30 m (r = 0.71) sprint intervals, and the left-leg 505 (r = 0.57). However, lower-body strength measured by the 1RM back squat and jump performance did not relate to TT. Percent decrement correlated only with the left-leg 505 (r = 0.53) and no other performance test. This included the YYIRT1, although both PD and YYIRT1 performance are limited by fatigue. The results from this study indicated that faster linear sprinting speed could positively influence RSA in Division I collegiate women soccer players.
Relationship Between Selected Physical Qualities, Bowling Kinematics, and Pace Bowling Skill in Club-Standard Cricketers
Authors: Feros Simon A. , Young Warren B. , O'Brien Brendan J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Feros, SA, Young, WB, and O'Brien, BJ. Relationship between selected physical qualities, bowling kinematics, and pace bowling skill in club-standard cricketers. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2812–2825, 2019—Although strength and conditioning of cricket pace bowlers has become more specialized in recent times, little is understood about the interplay between physical capacities, pace bowling kinematics, and pace bowling skill measures. This study sought to determine these interrelationships. Thirty-one male club-standard pace bowlers completed 3 test sessions on separate occasions 4–7 days apart. The first testing session comprised an 8-over pace bowling assessment, where bowling skill and selected bowling kinematics were measured. A physical test battery was completed over the remaining 2 sessions. Peak and mean ball release (BR) speed were related with 1 repetition maximum pull-up strength (r

s
= 0.56, p = 0.005) and correlated with 20-m sprint time (r

s
= −0.42, p = 0.022; r

s
= −0.37, p = 0.044, respectively). Mean radial error was associated with 10-m and 20-m sprint times (r

s
= 0.41, p = 0.030; r

s
= 0.38, p = 0.037, respectively), and correlated with height and peak power from 3 countermovement jumps (CMJs) (r

s
= −0.39, p = 0.036; r

s
= −0.41, p = 0.031, respectively), and mean peak power from 20 CMJs (r

s
= −0.45, p = 0.020). Bivariate variable error was correlated with front-leg extension angle at BR (r

s
= 0.41, p = 0.036), and also with approach speed (r

s
= −0.36, p = 0.050). These relationships may assist strength and conditioning coaches in designing more effective training programs to enhance bowling speed and accuracy. Training interventions are warranted, however, to validate these associations.
Structure and magnetic properties of Si0.97Ge0.03 whiskers
Authors: Pavlovskyy Yu. V. , Luka G. , Ostrovskyy I.P. , Pavlovska N.T. 
Published: April 2018

By the method of chemical transport reactions in the closed halogen system Si-Au-Pt-B-Br, whiskers Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> x = 0.01-0.08 of transverse dimensions 0.1-100 μm were grown. Structural and magnetic properties of the obtained crystals are investigated. The method of scanning electron microscopy showeds that on the surface of needle-like crystals, with transverse dimensions of 50-80 microns, a porous shell with a thickness of 50-60 nm is present. From the analysis of the energy spectra of X-rays, it was found that the surface shell contains significant concentration atoms of oxygen and of carbon. In turn, oxygen and carbon peaks were not detected on the inner layers of samples. It has been established that the chemical etching of the surface layer of crystals leads to the improvement of their structural and magnetic properties.
Isochronal Annealing of Electron-Irradiated Tungsten Modelled by CD Method: 1D and 3DModel of SIA Diffusivity
Authors: Kondria M. S. , Gokhman A. R. 
Published: April 2018

The evolution of the microstructure of tungsten under electron irradiation and post-irradiation annealing hasbeen modeled using a multiscale approach based on Cluster Dynamics simulations. In these simulations, bothself-interstitials atoms (SIA) and vacancies, carbon atoms isolated or in clusters, are considered. Isochronal annealing has been simulated in carbon free tungsten and tungsten with carbon, focusing on the recovery stages I and II. The carbon atom, single SIA, single vacancy and vacancy clusters with sizes up to four are treated as the mobile pieces. Their diffusivities as well as the energy formation and binding energies are based on the experimental data and ab initio predictions and some of these parameters have been slightly adjusted, without modifying the interaction character, on isochronal annealing experimental data. The both models with assumption on 1D as well as 3D dimensionality of diffusivity of SIA are treated. The advantage of the model with 1D diffusivity of SIA is found.
A High-Quality Reference Genome for the Invasive Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis Using a Chicago Library
Authors: Hoffberg Sandra L , Troendle Nicholas J , Glenn Travis C , Mahmud Ousman , Louha Swarnali , Chalopin Domitille , Bennetzen Jeffrey L , Mauricio Rodney 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, is a freshwater poecilid fish native to the southeastern United States but with a global distribution due to widespread human introduction. Gambusia affinis has been used as a model species for a broad range of evolutionary and ecological studies. We sequenced the genome of a male G. affinis to facilitate genetic studies in diverse fields including invasion biology and comparative genetics. We generated Illumina short read data from paired-end libraries and in vitro proximity-ligation libraries. We obtained 54.9× coverage, N50 contig length of 17.6 kb, and N50 scaffold length of 6.65 Mb. Compared to two other species in the Poeciliidae family, G. affinis has slightly fewer genes that have shorter total, exon, and intron length on average. Using a set of universal single-copy orthologs in fish genomes, we found 95.5% of these genes were complete in the G. affinis assembly. The number of transposable elements in the G. affinis assembly is similar to those of closely related species. The high-quality genome sequence and annotations we report will be valuable resources for scientists to map the genetic architecture of traits of interest in this species.
The influence of seasonal factors on the content of keratoses, free internal lipids, and physical characteristics of sheep wool
Authors: Tkachuk V. M. , Stapay P. V. , Motko N. R. 
Published: April 2018

Wool formation is a complex and multifaceted process, which depend on a lot of factors, namely genetic, alimentary, animal maintenance conditions, including seasonal factors’ impact. Seasonal weather changes or so-called photoperiodism, changing the retention and feeding regimes by periods of the year, highly correlate with the physiological state of the organism of the sheep and influence the growth and quality of the wool. Given this the purpose of our work was to investigate the impact of the season on the macrostructure, chemical composition and physical properties of wool. For the research wool of ewe breed precos was used, the samples of which were taken in different seasons, in particular winter, spring, summer and autumn periods of animal maintenance. In the wool there were determined the contents of keratoses and free internal lipids, as well as the strength of the fibers at the break. It was established that wool that grew in the winter and spring period contains the largest amount of protein macro- and microfiber, i.e. alpha keratosis. Instead, with the onset of summer and until autumn the amount of this fraction decreased by an average of 2%. A similar trend was observed on the part of beta keratosis, however, these changes were less significant and did not exceed one percent. It has been established that the content of gamma keratosis, i.e. matrix of fiber, is on the highest level in summer and spring periods, that is, the periods of the best alimentary provision of animals. In the pasture period in the sheep wool there is the biggest amount of free internal lipids (1.1%). In the autumn period, their number begins to decrease gradually and the lowest one is recorded in the winter-stool period (0.9%). The most distinct seasonal changes among these lipids are fixed by cholesterol factions. In particular, the largest number of unesterified cholesterol is contained in the wool of winter growth – 67.2%. With the onset of spring the amount of this fraction decreases up to 62.3% (Р < 0.01) and the trend continues in the summer (61.6%, Р < 0.001) and autumn (60.8%, Р < 0.01) periods. Regarding unesterified cholesterol, there is a diametrically opposite picture of changes. It was established that the strength of the wool of the summer-autumn growth period is bigger by 12%, in comparison with the wool that grew in the winter-stool period. It is shown that there is a positive correlation between the strength of fibers and the content of ceramides in them, which in the winter period was 0.923, in the spring one was 0.989, for summer it was 0.827, in autumn it was 0.786.
The influence of living mass of the ukrainian black and white dairy breed cells in various everyday periods on their more dairy productivity
Authors: Ferenz L. V. , Polylikh M. I. , Ilnitskaya G. I. 
Published: April 2018

The connection of live weight of cows of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed in the conditions of the Carpathian region of Lviv region in different ages with their subsequent milk productivity is established. It was investigated that live weight during the period of individual growth and development of animals has a significant impact on hopes, the content of fat in milk and the amount of milk fat. The difference in liveliness between cows with live weight at the first insemination to 300 and 361–380 kg for the first lactation was 249.3, for the second – 500.7 (P < 0.002), for the third – 97.0 kg, and for the highest – 405.5 kg (P < 0.01). Between cows with live weight at the first insemination of 361–380 and 401–420 kg, this difference was 185.1, 319.9 (P < 0.05), 38.7 and 265.3 kg respectively (P < 0.05). According to the results of the research, it can be stated that the optimum live weight during the period of raising cows at 6 months of age is a live weight of 160–180 kg, at 12 months of age it is 260–280 kg and the highest rates are obtained from cows that were growing at 18-months of age had a live weight of 360–380 kg. From the results of our research, it follows that for the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed in the conditions of the Carpathian region of Lviv, the optimum live weight at the first insemination is 361–380 kg. The share of influence on milk production of live weight of cows during their growing period: at 6 months of age on hopes – 13.53–27.56%, on the fat content in milk – 15.18–39.70 and on the amount of milk fat 11.89–39.41%; at 12 months of age – respectively 24.65–37.84, 23.45–33.0 and 23.37–35.17%; in the 18-month – 27.38–40.93, 29.12–33.23 and 25.81–39.10%, and at the first insemination – 21.59–40.08, 31.32–39.99 and 21.52–39.88% at P < 0.05–0.001. The probable correlation coefficients between the live weight of cows at 6 months of age and the reliance on second, third and highest lactation were 0.163–0.2253 and between live weight and fat content in milk – 0.110–0.233, between live weight at 12 months of age and the expectation for the second, the third and highest lactation – 0.233–0.240 and between the live weight and the amount of milk fat – 0.127–0.202, at the age of 18 months and for the second, third and highest lactation – 0.246–0.337 and between the live weight and the amount of milk fat – 0.116–0.308, and at the first insemination – 0.135–0.195 and 0.118–0.188 respectively at P < 0.005 – P < 0.001.