bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Perioperative Mortality of Cadaveric Liver Transplant Recipients During Their Evaluations
Authors: Molinari Michele , Ayloo Subhashini , Tsung Allan , Jorgensen Dana , Tevar Amit , Rahman Sheikh Hasibur , Jonassaint Naudia 
Published: July 2019

Background.
There are no instruments that can identify patients at an increased risk of poor outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) based only on their preoperative characteristics. The primary aim of this study was to develop such a scoring system. Secondary outcomes were to assess the discriminative performance of the predictive model for 90-day mortality, 1-year mortality, and 5-year patient survival.

Methods.
The study population was represented by 30 458 adults who underwent LT in the United States between January 2002 and June 2013. Machine learning techniques identified recipient age, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, body mass index, diabetes, and dialysis before LT as the strongest predictors for 90-day postoperative mortality. A weighted scoring system (minimum of 0 to a maximum of 6 points) was subsequently developed.

Results.
Recipients with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 points had an observed 90-day mortality of 6.0%, 8.7%, 10.4%, 11.9%, 15.7%, 16.0%, and 19.7%, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). One-year mortality was 9.8%, 13.4%, 15.8%, 17.2%, 23.0%, 25.2%, and 35.8% (P ≤ 0.001) and five-year survival was 78%, 73%, 72%, 71%, 65%, 59%, and 48%, respectively (P = 0.001). The mean 90-day mortality for the cohort was 9%. The area under the curve of the model was 0.952 for the discrimination of patients with 90-day mortality risk ≥10%.

Conclusions.
Short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing cadaveric LT can be predicted using a scoring system based on recipients’ preoperative characteristics. This tool could assist clinicians and researchers in identifying patients at increased risks of postoperative death.
Bilateral Lung Transplantation Provides Better Long-term Survival and Pulmonary Function Than Single Lung Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Haoda , Bian Tao , Yu Zhen , Wei Yiping , Xu Jianjun , Zhu JianRong , Zhang Wenxiong 
Published: July 2019

Background.
Both bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) and single lung transplantation (SLT) are commonly used, but which method is better remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the 2 surgical procedures to identify a better clinical choice.

Methods.
Cohort studies comparing SLT and BLT were identified by conducting searches of databases and screening references of retrieved articles. Survival, pulmonary function, surgical indicators, and complications were compared between the 2 groups.

Results.
Thirty studies (1980 recipients in the SLT group and 2112 recipients in the BLT group) were pooled in the meta-analysis. The long-term overall survival rate (OSR) (OSR-4y and OSR-5y), bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS)–free survival, BOS-free survival rate (BFSR) (2–5 y), 6-minute walking distance, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%), forced vital capacity (%), oxygenation index, pulmonary arterial pressure, Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), and BOS were better in the BLT group than in the SLT group. The advantages shown in the BLT group compared with the SLT group in regard to these variables increased with the prolongation of survival time. However, surgical time, ischemic time, postoperative intensive care unit days, and postoperative hospital days were shorter in the SLT group than in the BLT group. Overall survival, short-term OSR (1–3 y), BSFR-1y, in-hospital mortality, postoperative ventilator days, and postoperative complications (except BOS) were similar between the 2 groups. Bacterial pneumonia, graft failure, fungal infection, cardiac arrhythmia, and hemorrhage were the top 5 causes of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions.
BLT appears to be associated with better long-term survival, better postoperative lung function, and less BOS compared with SLT. In-hospital mortality and postoperative complications (except BOS) were similar between the 2 groups.
The Role of miR-200b-3p in Modulating TGF-β1–induced Injury in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ladak Shameem S. , Roebuck Eliott , Powell Jason , Fisher Andrew J. , Ward Chris , Ali Simi 
Published: July 2019

Background.
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in airway diseases where transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)–induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may contribute to pathophysiology. Our study investigated the role of miRNA-200b in TGF-β1–induced EMT in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Methods.
NanoString nCounter miRNA assay was used to profile miRNA in control versus TGF-β1 (1, 4, and 24 h) stimulated BEAS-2B cells. Immortalized primary bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B cells), human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs), and PBECs derived post-lung transplant were transfected with miR-200b-3p mimics and EMT marker expression was examined at RNA and protein level. miRNA target studies were performed and validated using computational tools and luciferase assay. In situ hybridization was done on normal lung tissue to localize miR-200b-3p in airway epithelium.

Results.
miR-200b-3p was downregulated post-TGF-β1 treatment compared with control in BEAS-2B. miR-200b-3p mimic transfection before TGF-β1 stimulation maintained epithelial marker expression and downregulated mesenchymal cell markers at RNA and protein level in BEAS-2B cells and PBECs. Furthermore, miR-200b-3p mimics reversed established TGF-β1–induced EMT in BEAS-2B cells. miR-200b-3p targets, ZNF532, and ZEB2 were validated as direct targets using luciferase assay. miR-200b-3p mimics suppress TGF-β1–induced EMT via inhibition of ZNF532 and ZEB2. In situ hybridization showed that miR-200b-3p is expressed in the normal lung epithelium. Additionally, miR-200b-3p mimics inhibit EMT in the presence of TGF-β1 in PBECs derived from lung allograft.

Conclusions.
We provide proof of concept that miR-200b-3p protects airway epithelial cells from EMT. Manipulating miR-200b-3p expression may represent a novel therapeutic modulator in airway pathophysiology.
Perceptions, Barriers, and Experiences With Successful Aging Before and After Kidney Transplantation: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Van Pilsum Rasmussen Sarah E. , Warsame Fatima , Eno Ann K. , Ying Hao , Covarrubias Karina , Haugen Christine E. , Chu Nadia M. , Crews Deidra C. , Harhay Meera N. , Schoenborn Nancy L. , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. 
Published: July 2019

Background.
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients are living longer, often into older age, and commonly pursue kidney transplantation. Successful aging, a multidimensional construct of physical and social wellbeing, has been expanded and adapted for patients with chronic disease. However, perceptions of, barriers to, and experiences with successful aging among adults with ESKD are unclear and likely differ based on whether they have received a kidney transplant.

Methods.
Ten focus groups were held with 39 total ESKD patients aged ≥50 years (19 transplant candidates, 20 transplant recipients). Transcriptions were analyzed thematically by 2 independent coders using an inductive, constant comparative approach.

Results.
The mean age was 64.8 (SD = 7.5); 51% were African American and 64% were males. Six themes were identified: familiarity with successful aging, perceptions of successful aging after ESKD diagnosis, barriers to successful aging, experiences with successful aging among transplant candidates, experiences with successful aging among transplant recipients, and suggested interventions. While all participants sought to achieve successful aging while living with ESKD, experiences with successful aging differed between candidates and recipients. Candidates struggled with the limitations of dialysis; some viewed transplantation as an opportunity to age successfully, while others were resigned to the drawbacks of dialysis. In contrast, transplant recipients were optimistic about their ability to age successfully, believing their transplant facilitated successful aging. Participants believed support groups for adults with ESKD and more thoughtful health care for aging adults would promote successful aging.

Conclusions.
Adults with ESKD may benefit from discussions with their clinicians and caregivers about goals, barriers, and strategies regarding successful aging.
Development and Comparison of Predictive Models for Pressure Injuries in Surgical Patients
Authors: Park Seul Ki , Park Hyeoun-Ae , Hwang Hee 
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to develop and compare 3 predictive models for pressure injury (PI) occurrence in surgical patients.

DESIGN:
Retrospective case-control study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
Data on PI risk assessment and preanesthesia evaluation records from 400 patients (80 patients who developed PIs after surgery and 320 patients who did not) in a South Korean acute care setting who underwent surgery between January 2015 and May 2016 were extracted from the electronic health record.

METHODS:
Three models were developed with items from the Braden Scale (model 1), the Scott Triggers tool (model 2), and the Scott Triggers tool in addition to type of anesthesia, laboratory test results, and comorbid conditions (model 3) using logistic regression to analyze items (factors) in each model. Predictive performance indices, which included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, and Akaike information criterion, were compared among the 3 models.

RESULTS:
Findings showed there were no significant factors in model 1, the estimated surgery time and serum albumin level were significant in model 2, and the estimated surgery time, serum albumin level, and brain disease were significant in model 3. The model performance evaluation revealed that model 2 was the best fitting model, demonstrating the highest sensitivity (84.4%), highest negative predictive value (94.6%), and lowest Akaike information criterion (302.03).

CONCLUSIONS:
The Scott Triggers tool in model 2, which consists of simple items that are easy to extract from preanesthesia evaluation records, was the best fitting model. We recommend the Scott Triggers tool be used to predict the development of PIs in surgical patients in acute care settings.
High open-circuit voltages in lead-halide perovskite solar cells: experiment, theory and open questions
Authors: Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: July 2019

One of the most significant features of lead-halide perovskites is their ability to have comparably slow recombination despite the fact that these materials are mostly processed from solution at room temperature. The slow recombination allows achieving high open-circuit voltages when the lead-halide perovskite layers are used in solar cells. This perspective discusses the state of the art of our understanding and of experimental data with regard to recombination and open-circuit voltages in lead-halide perovskites. A special focus is put onto open questions that the community has to tackle to design future photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices based on lead-halide perovskites and other semiconductors with similar properties.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Energy materials for a low carbon future’.
Impact of the iron substitution on the thermoelectric properties of Co

1−
x

Fe

x

S
2
(
x
≤ 0.30)
Authors: Salas Ulises Acevedo , Fourati Ismail , Juraszek Jean , Richomme Fabienne , Pelloquin Denis , Maignan Antoine , Hébert Sylvie 
Published: July 2019

The strong interplay between magnetism and transport can tune the thermoelectric properties in chalcogenides and oxides. In the case of ferromagnetic CoS
2
pyrite, it was previously shown that the power factor is large at room temperature, reaching 1 mW m
−1
K
−2
and abruptly increases for temperatures below the Curie transition (
T
C
), an increase potentially due to a magnonic effect on the Seebeck (
S
) coefficient. The too large thermal conductivity approximately equal to 10.5 W m
−1
K
−1
at room temperature prevents this pyrite from being a good thermoelectric material. In this work, samples belonging to the Co

1−
x

Fe

x

S
2
pyrite family (
x
= 0, 0.15 and 0.30) have thus been investigated in order to modify the thermal properties by the introduction of disorder on the Co site. We show here that the thermal conductivity can indeed be reduced by such a substitution, but that this substitution predominantly induces a reduction of the electronic part of the thermal conductivity and not of the lattice part. Interestingly, the magnonic contribution to
S
below
T
C
disappears as
x
increases, while at high
T
,
S
tends to a very similar value (close to −42 µV K
−1
) for all the samples investigated.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Energy materials for a low carbon future’.
Understanding intercalation compounds for sodium-ion batteries and beyond
Authors: Kaufman Jonas L. , Vinckevičiūtė Julija , Krishna Kolli Sanjeev , Gabriel Goiri Jon , Van der Ven Anton 
Published: July 2019

Intercalation compounds are popular candidate electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries and other ‘beyond lithium-ion’ technologies including potassium- and magnesium-ion batteries. We summarize first-principles efforts to elucidate the behaviour of such compounds in the layered and spinel structures. Trends based on the size and valence of the intercalant and the ionicity of the host are sufficient to explain phase stability and ordering phenomena, which in turn determine the equilibrium voltage profile. For the layered structures, we provide an overarching view of intercalant orderings in prismatic coordination based on antiphase boundaries, which has important consequences for diffusion. We examine details of stacking sequence transitions between different layered structures by calculating stacking fault energies and discussing the nature of dislocations. A better understanding of these transitions will likely aid the development of batteries with improved cyclability.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Energy materials for a low carbon future’.
Enhancing the thermoelectric properties of Sr

1−
x

Pr

2
x
/3

□

x

/3
TiO

3±
δ

through control of crystal structure and microstructure
Authors: Ekren Dursun , Azough Feridoon , Freer Robert 
Published: July 2019

A-site deficient perovskites are among the most important
n
-type thermoelectric oxides. Ceramics of Sr

1−
x

Pr

2
x
/3

□

x

/3
TiO
3
(
x
= 0.1–1.0) were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1700–1723 K using highly reducing atmospheres. Samples with the highest Sr content had a cubic crystal structure

(
P
m

3
¯

m
)

; incorporating Pr with A-site vacancies led to a reduction in symmetry to tetragonal (
I4/mcm
) and then orthorhombic (
Cmmm
) crystal structures. HRTEM showed Pr
2/3
TiO
3
had a layered structure with alternating fully and partially occupied A-sites and a short-range order along the (100) direction. Electrical conductivity was highest in samples of high symmetry (
x
≤ 0.40), where the microstructures featured core-shell and domain structures. This enabled a very high power factor of approximately 1.75 × 10
−3
W m
−1
K
−2
at 425 K. By contrast, at high Pr content, structural distortion led to reduced electron transport; enhanced phonon scattering (from mass contrast, local strain and cation–vacancy ordering) led to reduced, glass-like, thermal conductivity. Carbon burial sintering increased the oxygen deficiency leading to increased carrier concentration, a maximum power factor of approximately 1.80 × 10
−3
W m
−1
K
−2
at 350 K and thermoelectric figure of merit of 0.26 at 865 K. The paper demonstrates the importance of controlling both crystal structure and microstructure to enhance thermoelectric performance.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Energy materials for a low carbon future’.
Intermittent Lactobacilli-containing Vaginal Probiotic or Metronidazole Use to Prevent Bacterial Vaginosis Recurrence: Safety and Preliminary Efficacy by Microscopy and Sequencing
Authors: van de Wijgert Janneke H.H.M. , Verwijs Marijn C. , Agaba Stephen K. , Bronowski Christina , Mwambarangwe Lambert , Uwineza Mireille , Lievens Elke , Nivoliez Adrien , Ravel Jacques , Darby Alistair C. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with HIV acquisition and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recurrence after metronidazole treatment is high. HIV-negative, non-pregnant Rwandan BV patients were randomized to four groups (n=17/group) after seven-day oral metronidazole treatment: behavioral counseling only (control), or counseling plus intermittent use of oral metronidazole, Ecologic Femi+ vaginal capsule (containing multiple Lactobacillus and one Bifidobacterium species), or Gynophilus LP vaginal tablet (L. rhamnosus 35) for two months. Vaginal microbiota assessments at all visits included Gram stain Nugent scoring and 16S rRNA gene qPCR and HiSeq sequencing. All interventions were safe. BV (Nugent 7-10) incidence was 10.18 per person-year at risk in the control group, and lower in the metronidazole (1.41/person-year; p=0.004), Ecologic Femi+ (3.58/person-year; p=0.043), and Gynophilus LP groups (5.36/person-year; p=0.220). In mixed effects models adjusted for hormonal contraception/pregnancy, sexual risk-taking, and age, metronidazole and Ecologic Femi+ users, each compared to controls, had higher Lactobacillus and lower BV-anaerobes concentrations and/or relative abundances, and were less likely to have a dysbiotic vaginal microbiota type by sequencing. Inter-individual variability was high and effects disappeared soon after intervention cessation. Lactobacilli-based vaginal probiotics warrant further evaluation because, in contrast to antibiotics, they are not expected to negatively affect microbiota or cause antimicrobial resistance.
Using collaboration networks to identify authorship bias in meta-analyses
Authors: Moulin Thiago C. , Amaral Olavo B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMeta-analytic methods are powerful resources to summarize the existing evidence concerning a given research question, and are widely used in many academic fields. However, meta-analyses can be vulnerable to various sources of bias, which should be considered to avoid inaccuracies. Many of these sources can be related to study authorship, as both methodological choices and researcher bias may lead to deviations in results between different research groups. In this work, we describe a method to objectively attribute study authorship within a given meta-analysis to different research groups by using graph cluster analysis of collaboration networks. We then provide empirical examples of how the research group of origin can impact effect size in distinct types of meta-analyses, demonstrating how non-independence between within-group results can bias effect size estimates if uncorrected. Finally, we show that multilevel random-effects models using research group as a level of analysis can be a simple tool for correcting biases related to study authorship.
Cluster analysis successfully identifies clinically meaningful knee valgus moment patterns: Frequency of early peaks reflects sex-specific ACL injury incidence
Authors: Sigurðsson Haraldur B. , Briem Kristín 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundBiomechanical studies of ACL injury risk factors report heterogenous results, analyze only a fraction of the data, and do not analyze data in accordance with the injury mechanism. Extracting a peak value of relevance to ACL injuries is challenging due to differences in the relative timing of the peak value.Aims/HypothesesThe aim was to cluster analyze the knee valgus moment time series curve shape in the early stance phase. We hypothesized that 1a) There would be few discrete curve shapes, 1b) there would be an early peak pattern, 2a) youth athletes of both sexes would show similar frequencies of early peaks, 2b) adolescent girls would have higher early peak frequencies.MethodsN=213 (39% boys) youth soccer and team handball athletes (phase 1) and N=35 (45% boys) with 5 year follow-up data (phase 2) were recorded performing a change of direction task with 3D motion analysis and a force plate. The time series of the first 30% of stance phase were cluster analyzed based on Euclidean distances in two steps; shape-based main clusters with a transformed time series, and magnitude based sub-clusters with body weight normalized time series. Group differences (sex, phase) in curve shape frequencies, and shape-magnitude frequencies were tested with chi-squared test.Results6 discrete shape-clusters and 14 magnitude based sub-clusters were formed. Phase 1 boys had higher frequencies of early peaks than phase 1 girls (38% vs 25% respectively, P<0.001 for full test). Phase 2 girls had higher frequencies of early peaks than phase 2 boys (42% vs 21% respectively, P<0.001 for full test).ConclusionsCluster analysis can reveal different patterns of curve shapes in biomechanical data. The early peak shape is relatable to the ACL injury mechanism as the timing of its peak moment is consistent with the timing of injury. Higher frequency of early peaks demonstrated by Phase 2 girls is consistent with their higher incidence of ACL injury.
Coding and non-coding drivers of mantle cell lymphoma identified through exome and genome sequencing
Authors: Pararajalingam Prasath , Coyle Krysta M. , Arthur Sarah E. , Thomas Nicole , Alcaide Miguel , Meissner Barbara , Boyle Merrill , Grande Bruno M. , Slack Graham , Mungall Andrew J. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Steidl Christian , Connors Joseph , Villa Diego , Marra Marco A. , Johnson Nathalie , Scott David W. , Morin Ryan D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that is incurable with standard therapies. The genetic drivers of this cancer have not been firmly established and the features known to contribute to differences in clinical course remain limited. To extend our understanding of the biological pathways involved in this malignancy, we performed a large-scale genomic analysis of MCL using data from 51 exomes alongside previously published exome cohorts. To confirm our findings, we re-sequenced the genes identified in the exome cohort in 212 MCL tumors, each having clinical follow-up data. We confirmed the prognostic association ofTP53andNOTCH1mutations and further nominate two additional genes,EWSR1andMEF2B, whose mutation respectively associated with poor and good outcome. Our sequencing revealed novel recurrent mutations including a unique missense hot spot inMEF2Band a pattern of non-coding mutations surrounding a single exon of theHNRNPH1gene. We sequenced the whole genomes of 34 MCLs to confirm the focal nature ofHNRNPH1mutations. Using RNA-seq data from 110 of these cases, we identified a functional role for recurrent non-codingHNRNPH1mutations in disrupting an auto-regulatory feedback mechanism. Overall, we identified three novel MCL-related genes with roles in RNA trafficking or splicing, namelyDAZAP1, EWSR1, andHNRNPH1. Taken together, these data strongly implicate a role for aberrant regulation of splicing in MCL pathobiology.Key pointsRNA-binding proteins with roles in regulating alternative splicing,DAZAP1, EWSR1, HNRNPH1, are frequently mutated in MCLThe majority of recurrent somaticHNRNPH1mutations are intronic and HNRNPH1 exhibits self-regulation through alternative splicing