bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic assignment and monitoring of yellow cardinals
Authors: Dominguez Marisol , Pizzarello Gimena , Atencio Melina , Scardamaglia Romina , Mahler Bettina 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe yellow cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata) is a passerine bird endemic to southern South America. At present, the species is threatened with extinction, in part because of the capture of wild birds to supply the illegal caged‐bird market. Previous genetic evidence supports the existence of 3 management units for the species in Argentina, where the largest populations are currently found. Our objectives were to guide the reintroduction of these animals to their respective management units by determining the origin of seized specimens from illegal trade using 2 molecular markers, mtDNA and microsatellites, and to monitor the success of the released birds through radio‐telemetry. We compared the performance of different molecular markers and assignment approaches to optimize a technique capable of assigning the origin of confiscated yellow cardinals in a reliable way. Five of 10 released radio‐tracked individuals were predated shortly after liberation; however, 3 were successful in finding a mate and starting reproductive activities. Individual success was independent of the time spent in captivity, the liberation with a partner, the settlement type (semi‐open or closed), and the maximum distance traveled from the point of release. Cardinals that survived had higher individual heterozygosity. Our findings contribute a robust genetic assignment technique to be used in future yellow cardinal seizures and identify factors that might improve subsequent releases. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
A Novel Approach for the Synthesis of Thermo‐Responsive Co‐Polyesters Incorporating Reversible Diels–Alder Adducts
Authors: Banella Maria Barbara , Giacobazzi Greta , Vannini Micaela , Marchese Paola , Colonna Martino , Celli Annamaria , Gandini Alessandro , Gioia Claudio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe proof of concept for a new copolymerization approach taking advantage of the thermally reversible aptitude of the furan/maleimide Diels–Alder (DA) adducts is reported here. A new monomer bearing two carboxylic acids as end‐groups and a Diels–Alder adduct within its structure is synthesized using benign and mild reaction conditions. Two polyesters are then fabricated from the DA‐diacid and 1,6‐hexanediol and 1,4‐benzenedimethanol, respectively, and characterized by 1H‐NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. Kinetic studies of these polyesters, performed by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy at variable temperatures, establish the appropriate conditions for their controlled depolymerization, through the retro Diels–Alder reaction (rDA), and their re‐construction through the DA reaction, showing moreover the reproducibility of this rDA/DA cycle. Finally, by exploiting this peculiar feature, a copolyester is successfully synthesized from the concomitant treatment of the two homopolymers, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method. The present approach provides a new method for the fabrication of multicomponent copolymers based on the DA/rDA strategy that is extendable to a variety of other polycondensation materials, such as polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and epoxies, allowing the establishment of a library of novel architectures through this one‐pot approach.
Operators from the Hardy space to the α‐Bloch space
Authors: Honda Tatsuhiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLet be a bounded symmetric domain realized as the open unit ball of a finite dimensional JB*‐triple X. In this paper, we characterize the bounded weighted composition operators from the Hardy space into the α‐Bloch space on . Also, we show the multiplication operator from into is bounded. Finally, we show that there exist no isometric composition operators.
Purification, characterization, and functional groups of an extracellular aflatoxin M1‐detoxifizyme from Bacillus pumilus E‐1‐1‐1
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Jiao , Gao Jie , Han Jun , Wang Xiang‐Hong , Sang Ya‐Xin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe experiment was conducted to purify high activity extracellular enzymes, which were produced by a strain that we previously screened was able to degrade aflatoxin effectively, and speculate the functional groups of the enzyme associated with degradation. An extracellular aflatoxin‐detoxifizyme (DAFE) from Bacillus pumilus E‐1‐1‐1 was purified through a process including ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration, Sephadex chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme assessed by SDS‐PAGE was found to be approximately 58 kDa. The optimum reaction temperature and pH for the purified enzyme were 45°C and pH 7, respectively. The enzyme showed temperature stability of up to 60°C. Ba2+, Ca2+ Na+, Mn2+, EDTA, and β‐mercaptoethanol showed inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity. Mg2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ and K+ were the activators of enzymes. This enzyme was composed of at least 15 kinds of amino acids. Lysine, tryptophan, and histidine residues were necessary and major functional groups to maintain enzyme activity, disulfide bonds were observed, serine residues had little effect on the enzyme activity, so it was not the necessary group to reflect the enzyme activity, and arginine had no effect on enzyme activity.
Broadband lung dielectric properties over the ablative temperature range: Experimental measurements and parametric models
Authors: Sebek Jan , Bortel Radoslav , Prakash Punit 
Published: July 2019

PurposeComputational models of microwave tissue ablation are widely used to guide the development of ablation devices, and are increasingly being used for the development of treatment planning and monitoring platforms. Knowledge of temperature‐dependent dielectric properties of lung tissue is essential for accurate modeling of microwave ablation (MWA) of the lung.MethodsWe employed the open‐ended coaxial probe method, coupled with a custom tissue heating apparatus, to measure dielectric properties of ex vivo porcine and bovine lung tissue at temperatures ranging between 31 and 150 C, over the frequency range 500 MHz to 6 GHz. Furthermore, we employed numerical optimization techniques to provide parametric models for characterizing the broadband temperature‐dependent dielectric properties of tissue, and their variability across tissue samples, suitable for use in computational models of microwave tissue ablation.ResultsRapid decreases in both relative permittivity and effective conductivity were observed in the temperature range from 94 to 108 C. Over the measured frequency range, both relative permittivity and effective conductivity were suitably modeled by piecewise linear functions [root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.0952 for permittivity and 0.0650 S/m for conductivity]. Detailed characterization of the variability in lung tissue properties was provided to enable uncertainty quantification of models of MWA.ConclusionsThe reported dielectric properties of lung tissue, and parametric models which also capture their distribution, will aid the development of computational models of microwave lung ablation.
Computational 1H NMR: Part 3. Biochemical studies
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis is the third and the last part of three closely interrelated reviews dealing with computation of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts and 1H–1H spin–spin coupling constants. Present review deals with the computation of these parameters in biologically active natural products, carbohydrates, and other molecules of biological origin focusing on stereochemical applications of computational 1H nuclear magnetic resonance to these objects.
UHPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS and HPTLC profiling of ash leaf samples from different commercial and natural sources and their in vitro effects on mediators of inflammation
Authors: Kiss Anna K. , Michalak Barbara , Patyra Andrzej , Majdan Magdalena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn European traditional medicine, common ash leaf infusion is recommended by European Medicines Agency to treat minor articular pain and to increase the amount of urine for flushing minor urinary complaints. However, a comprehensive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography diode array detector electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS) analysis of this pharmacopeial plant material has never been performed. Moreover, the number of biological and pharmacological investigations proving the usefulness of this plant material in recommended traditional uses is surprisingly small.ObjectivePhytochemical profiling of ash leaf samples from different commercial and natural sources and the determination of the in vitro effects on inflammatory mediators in a model of human neutrophils.MethodsAsh leaf samples were characterised by total hydroxycinnamic acid content and by high‐performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), UHPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS methods. The effects of leaf infusions on reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), interleukin 8 (IL‐8), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) production by neutrophils were measured using luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsIn ash leaf samples 64 compounds were identified or partly identified together with four unknown compounds. The major compounds detected belong to different structural groups, including phenolic acid derivatives, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, iridoids, secoiridoids and lignans. The major compounds detected in ash samples were chlorogenic acid, quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, verbascoside, oleuropein and ligstroside. However, one sample contained coumarin derivatives. This finding suggested adulteration with other Fraxinus species and/or plant parts. All infusions were able to inhibit ROS, cytokine and chemokine production.ConclusionsThe performed phytochemical and biological analyses contribute to the knowledge about this pharmacopeial plant material and supports its traditional use to treat minor inflammatory complaints.
Protein Expression Profiles Corresponding to Histological Changes with Denosumab Treatment in Giant Cell Tumors of Bone
Authors: Suehara Yoshiyuki , Okubo Taketo , Kurihara Taisei , Hayashi Takuo , Kohsaka Shinji , Kazuno Saiko , Sano Kei , Hasegawa Nobuhiko , Miura Yoshiki , Akaike Keisuke , Kim Youngji , Takamochi Kazuya , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Ueno Takashi , Kaneko Kazuo , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2019

PurposeGiant cell tumors of bone (GCTBs) are locally aggressive osteolytic bone tumors. Denosumab is a novel and effective therapeutic option for aggressive and recurrent GCTBs. Histologically, the post‐denosumab‐treated samples are characterized by two lesions: a residual stromal cell lesion with a few multinucleated giant cells (SL‐lesion), and a fibro‐osseous lesion (FO‐lesion).Experimental designTo clarify the differences in the protein expression between the SL‐lesion and FO‐lesion in GCTB treated with denosumab, comparative proteomic studies are conducted using both lesions (12 pairs of pre‐ and post‐denosumab treatment samples) by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (i‐TRAQ).ResultsThirty‐two consistently regulated proteins in the SL‐lesions and 59 consistently regulated proteins in the FO‐lesions are found. Twenty‐one proteins in the SL‐lesion and 48 proteins in the FO‐lesion are independently expressed. These proteins may be involved in the process of the fibro‐osseous reactions by denosumab treatment. In the software program used to establish these profiles, several canonical pathways are identified, including the unfolded protein response as an FO‐lesion specific pathway.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIt is believed that the identified proteins and the results of the network analysis will provide a better understanding of the effects of denosumab in GCTB.
Engineering‐driven performance degradation analysis of hydraulic piston pump based on the inverse Gaussian process
Authors: Ma Zhonghai , Wang Shaoping , Liao Haitao , Zhang Chao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs a key aircraft component, hydraulic piston pumps must be developed with high reliability. However, collecting failure time data of such pumps for reliability analysis is a big challenge. To save testing time, performance degradation data obtained from degradation tests can be used for quick reliability estimation of hydraulic piston pumps. This paper proposes an engineering‐driven performance degradation analysis method considering the nature of mechanical wear of hydraulic piston pumps. First, the failure mechanism of a type of hydraulic piston pump is investigated. By taking into account the close relationship between the degradation rate and the failure mechanism, an inverse Gaussian (IG) process model with a variable rate is developed to describe the degradation behavior of the pump. Under this model, a Bayesian statistical method is developed for degradation data analysis. The corresponding procedure for model parameter estimation and reliability evaluation is also presented. The proposed degradation analysis method is illustrated using a real experimental data. The results show that the engineering‐driven approach is quite effective in evaluating the lifetime of the hydraulic piston pump and will improve the overall reliability of aircraft operation in the field.
Assessing the efficacy of environmental restoration via noninferiority: A Bayesian perspective
Authors: Robinson Timothy J. , Wulff Shaun S. , Webb Michael , Banda Jo Ann , Nair Sreejayn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Ashtabula River covers an area that lies in northeast Ohio, USA, flowing into the central basin of Lake Erie at the city of Ashtabula where its drainage covers an area of 355 km2. In the mid‐1900s, several chemical production companies began operation along tributaries of the Ashtabula, and over time, discharges from these facilities left the lower Ashtabula River heavily contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals, and a suite of other agents. This pollution lead to the designation of the lower Ashtabula River as one of the most contaminated sites in the Great Lakes watershed, as defined in the 1987 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. This manuscript is a case study used to demonstrate the advantages of noninferiority testing over the classical hypothesis testing framework to demonstrate when one or more biological variables at the impacted site are no worse or inferior to the distribution of the same biological variable(s) at a reference site. In order to implement this approach, it is essential to define a tolerance level that represents a meaningful difference in parameter values. We demonstrate the use of Bayesian logistic regression for developing a data‐driven approach for tolerance level determination when consensus on the tolerance level value cannot be reached.
Kampo therapy for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (report 2): Gradual decrease in KL‐6
Authors: Homma Yukihiko , Ohtsuka Yoshinori 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimIn a previous unpublished study, we reported that Kampo therapy improved the prognosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). KL‐6 is also associated with the inflammatory process of the alveolar unit, including type II epithelial cells. In this study, we measured KL‐6 as an index of the alveolar wall destruction in the progression of IIP.MethodsOf the 59 patients who initially participated in the previous study, KL‐6 was evaluated during the follow‐up period and compared with that at baseline in 18 patients.ResultsKL‐6 gradually decreased during the follow‐up period, although the difference was not significant on two‐way repeated measures ANOVA.ConclusionKampo therapy could be effective in improving the prognosis of IIP, partly due to inhibition of lung inflammation.
A fluid past: Socio‐hydrological systems of the West African Sahel across the long durée
Authors: Coutros Peter R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince the end of the last glacial period (~12.4 ka bp) the African continent has undergone no less than 30 dramatic climate transitions. West Africa in particular witnessed abrupt climate oscillations—between humid optima and hyper‐aridity—which lasted anywhere between 10 and 15 years and a millennium. Such unpredictable shifts forced local communities to develop a suite of risk‐buffering strategies that could withstand climate change on various scales. Both archeological and palaeoclimatic research has begun to reveal how these societies engaged with their erratic environment over the span of the Holocene. The adoption of pastoral lifeways, the domestication of cereal crops, and the emergence of monumentality or urbanism may indeed be viewed through the lens of environmental risk‐buffering strategies. Yet, these developments proceeded along trajectories that belie traditional narratives rooted in environmental determinism and underscore the unique cultural processes at play, which do not conform to presumptions imported from outside regions. Revised narratives, therefore, must take into account cultural perceptions of climate change, and the localized nature of landscape.This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water as Imagined and RepresentedScience of Water > Water Extremes
Improving Triage Accuracy in First Responders: Measurement of Short Structured Protocols to Improve Identification of Salient Triage Features
Authors: Loth Sarah , Cote Alanna C. , Shaafi Kabiri Nina , Bhangu Jaspreet S. , Zumwalt Ann , Moss Mark , Thomas Kevin 
Published: July 2019

Gaze tracking is used in biomedical teaching for situations requiring the assessment of complex visual data. We employed gaze tracking techniques to examine an adapted training protocol using simple triage and rapid treatment (START) triage principles. This study utilized a case‐control design. Both groups were presented with a series of computer images, each corresponding to four levels of injury severity. Subsequently, the experimental group underwent training using the START triage program while the control group underwent training regarding patient transportation. Participants who underwent training with the START protocol fixated upon salient features significantly earlier post‐training as evidenced by decreased post‐training entry time (ms). 1376.35 (1665.69) (p = .02, 95% confidence interval [CI] [318.02–2434.68]); circulation: 1986.57 (2268.38) (p = .01, 95% CI [545.31–3427.84]). Those who underwent training only on patient transport and not on the adapted START triage protocol demonstrated no statistically significant between‐session gaze measurement. Subjects who underwent START triage training significantly improved in their first fixation entry time, indicating a faster recognition of salient triage features. We have shown the effectiveness of a short, directed triage training tool in improving the recognition of triage features.
A comparative study of Epipactis atrorubens in two different forest communities of the Middle Urals, Russia
Authors: Filimonova Elena , Lukina Natalia , Glazyrina Margarita , Borisova Galina , Tripti  , Kumar Adarsh , Maleva Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare eco-physiological and morphological parameters of a regionally endangered orchid species,Epipactis atrorubens(Hoffm. ex Bernh.) Bess., growing in two forest communities (on serpentine and granite outcrops) of the Middle Urals, Russia. Biodiversity, dominance, and phytocoenosis studies showed the colonization of a wide range of plant species on both sites. The physicochemical properties of the soil, chemical composition and morphological features ofE. atrorubens,growing under technogenic conditions (asbestos deposits), on serpentine outcrops and in the natural environment of the granite massif were studied for the first time. The serpentine substrate differed from the granite one by its greater stoniness, circumneutral pH and lower contents of available nitrogen and phosphorus. Extremely high concentrations of magnesium were found in the serpentine soil, some 79 times higher than in the granite substrate. High concentrations of nickel (94 times), chromium (59 times), cobalt (17 times), and iron (4 times) were found in the serpentine substrate, higher than in the granite substrate. The differences between the sites for available metal contents and for root and shoot metal contents were significantly less. Concentrations of most of the metals in the roots were higher than in the shoots. Despite higher metal concentrations and lower nitrogen and phosphorus levels in serpentine soils,E. atrorubenshad a larger population and greater viability compared to those growing on granite. Plants on serpentine outcrops were characterized by the formation of a larger number of fruits, greater root lengths and thicker leaf blades, compared to plants on granites. The well-developed orchid mycorrhizae contributed to the survival of this species under unfavorable serpentine conditions. Hence, serpentine outcrops formed due to the mining of asbestos could be a suitable substrate for the light-demandingE. atrorubensdue to its capacity to adapt to dry, rocky, nutrient-depleted soils and limited competition from other plants.
Developing the Evidence Base for M-Learning in Undergraduate Radiology Education: Identifying Learner Preferences for Mobile Apps
Authors: Darras Kathryn E. , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. , Toom Matthew , Roberson Nathan D. , de Bruin Anique B. H. , Nicolaou Savvas , Forster Bruce B. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose There is a lack of evidence for developing radiology mobile apps for medical students. This study identifies the characteristics which students perceive as most valuable to teaching radiology with mobile apps (m-learning). Methods An online anonymous survey was administered to second- to fourth-year medical students at a single institution. The survey, which was based on established theoretical framework, collected students' preferred content organization, content presentation, and delivery strategies. The Copeland method was used to rank student preferences and a 2-tailed t test was used to determine if student responses were related to their clinical experience, with statistical significance at P < .05. Results The response rate was 25.6% (163/635). For content organization, image interpretation (66.9%), imaging anatomy (61.3%), and common pathological conditions (50.3%) were selected as the most important. For content presentation, quizzes (49.1%) and case presentations (46.0%) were selected as the most useful. Students with clinical experience rated algorithms as more important ( P < .01) and quizzes as less important ( P = .03). For delivery strategies, ease of use (92.6%), navigation (90.8%), and gestural design (74.8%) were deemed the most applicable. Conclusion This study documents medical students' preferences for m-learning in radiology. Although learner preferences are not the only feature to consider in the development of educational technology, these provide the initial framework for radiologists wishing to develop and incorporate mobile apps into their teaching.