bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide insufflation versus air insufflation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Passos Marina , Ribeiro Igor , de Moura Diogo , Korkischko Nádia , Silva Gustavo , Franzini Tomazo , Bernando Wanderley , de Moura Eduardo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Ambient air is the most commonly used gas for insufflation in endoscopic procedures worldwide. However, prolonged absorption of air during endoscopic examinations may cause pain and abdominal distension. Carbon dioxide insufflation (CO2i) has been increasingly used as an alternative to ambient air insufflation (AAi) in many endoscopic procedures due to its fast diffusion properties and less abdominal distention and pain. For endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), use of CO2 for insufflation is adequate because this procedure is complex and prolonged. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the efficacy and safety of CO2 as an insufflation method during ERCP but presented conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis with only RCTs evaluated the efficacy and safety of CO2i versus AAi during ERCP.
Methods A literature search was performed using online databases with no restriction regarding idiom or year of publication. Data were extracted by two authors according to a predefined data extraction form. Outcomes evaluated were abdominal pain and distension, complications, procedure duration, and CO2 levels.
Results Eight studies (919 patients) were included. Significant results favoring CO2i were less abdominal distension after 1 h (MD: −1.41 [−1.81; −1.0], 95 % CI, I² = 15 %, P < 0.00001) and less abdominal pain after 1 h (MD: −23.80 [−27.50; −20.10], 95 %CI, I² = 9 %, P < 0.00001) and after 6 h (MD: −7.00 [−8.66; −5.33]; 95 % CI, I² = 0 %, P < 0.00001).
Conclusion Use of CO2i instead of AAi during ERCP is safe and associated with less abdominal distension and pain after the procedure.
Ostomy-Related Complications
Authors: Murken Douglas , Bleier Joshua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIleostomy or colostomy formation is an important component of many surgical procedures performed for a wide range of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the frequency with which intestinal stomas are created, stoma-related complications remain common and are associated with significant morbidity as well as cost. Some of the most prevalent complications of stoma formation which will be detailed in this article include peristomal skin complications, retraction, stomal necrosis, stomal stenosis, prolapse, bleeding, dehydration from high ostomy output, and parastomal hernia. The authors will review these common complications, detail means to avoid or prevent them, and outline recommendations for management.
Surgical Site Infection: The Clinical and Economic Impact
Authors: Turner Megan , Migaly John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSurgical site infection (SSI) following colorectal surgery is associated with worse postoperative outcomes, longer length of stay, and higher rates of readmission. SSI rates have been established as a surrogate metric for the overall quality of surgical care and are intricately tied to financial incentives and the public reputation of an institution. While risk factors and prevention mechanisms for SSI are well established, the rates of SSI remain high. This article discusses the clinical and economic impact of SSI and strategies for mitigating the risk of SSI through bundled prevention practices.
Urological Injuries during Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Ferrara Marco , Kann Brian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe proximity of the colon and rectum to the organs of the urologic system virtually ensures that iatrogenic urologic injuries become a distinct possibility during complex colorectal surgical procedures. An intimate knowledge of urogenital anatomy as well as strategies for identification and repair of potential injuries is of paramount importance. Attention is mandated when operating within the narrow confines of the pelvis, as this is where these structures are most at risk. The ureters are at highest risk of injury, followed by the bladder and urethra. The nature of these injuries encompasses both functional and mechanical morbidities. Patient factors, including prior pelvic surgery, radiation, inflammatory bowel disease, infectious processes, and urogenital abnormalities all increase the risk of injury. As colorectal surgeons encounter an increasing number of patients with the above risk factors, it is important to be familiar with the various urologic injury patterns, their diagnosis, and appropriate management.
Corner of the Mouth—Reversing the Earliest Sign of Aging
Authors: Ho Thuy-Van , Bacos Jonathan , Dayan Steven 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs individuals age, distinct anatomical changes of the bone and soft tissue result in the development of rhytids in the perioral region. Most notably, the oral commissures turn downward, creating the appearance of a perpetual frown and adding years to the facial appearance. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomical changes associated with perioral aging as well as discuss potential treatment options for perioral rejuvenation particularly at the level of the oral commissures. Lastly, this article covers the senior author's technique for improving oral commissures and restoring youthful appearance of the perioral region.
Assessment of Metalloproteinase Matrix 9 (MMP9) Gene Polymorphisms Risk Factors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in the Brazilian Population
Authors: Ghersel Frederico Rezende , Souto Ricardo Peres , Gonzales Ester Wilma Pacheco , Paulo Denise Souza , Fernandes César Eduardo , Oliveira Emerson 
Published: April 2019

Objective To evaluate the C-1562T matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) gene polymorphisms as risk factors related to the occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to identify the clinical variables associated with the occurrence of the disease. Epidemiological studies of risk factors for POP do not explain why nulliparous women with no known risk factors also develop POP. Therefore, genetic factors may be involved.
Methods Cohort study with 86 women with symptomatic POP (cases), and 158 women without a prior or current diagnosis of this disorder (controls). The groups were analyzed for the presence of MMP9 gene polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with DNA obtained from a peripheral venous puncture of both groups.
Results There were no differences between the cases and controls even when we grouped the mutant homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. The analysis of patients with a complete absence of POP versus patients with total POP also showed no statistically significant differences. Age and home birth were found to be independent risk factors for POP.
Conclusions There were no statistically significant differences in the C-1562T MMP9 polymorphisms between the cases and controls in Brazilian women.
Maternal Weight Variation in Different Intrauterine Environments: An Important Role of Hypertension
Authors: Cazarotto Bianca da Rosa , Ferreira Charles Francisco , Ferreira Amanda Pereira , Guimarães Luciano Santos Pinto , Bosa Vera Lúcia , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , da Silva Clécio Homrich 
Published: April 2019

Objective Different intrauterine environments may influence the maternal prepregnancy body weight (BW) variation up to 6 months postpartum. The objective of the present study was to verify the association of sociodemographic, obstetric, nutritional, and behavioral factors with weight variation in women divided into four groups: hypertensive (HM), diabetic (DM), smokers (SM), and control mothers (CM).
Methods It was a convenience sample of 124 postpartum women recruited from 3 public hospitals in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2011 and 2016. Multiple linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were conducted to identify the factors associated with maternal weight variation. For all GEE, the maternal weight measurements were adjusted for maternal height, parity, educational level, and the type of delivery, and 3 weight measurements (prepregnancy, preceding delivery, and 15 days postpartum) were fixed.
Results A hierarchical model closely associated the maternal diagnosis of hypertension and a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) classified as overweight with maternal weight gain measured up to the 6th month postpartum (the difference between the maternal weight at 6 months postpartum and the prepregnancy weight). These results showed that the BW of the HM group and of overweight women increased ∼ 5.2 kg 6 months postpartum, compared with the other groups. Additionally, women classified as overweight had a greater BW variation of 3.150 kg.
Conclusion This evidence supports the need for specific nutritional guidelines for gestational hypertensive disorders, as well as great public attention for overweight women in the fertile age.
Comparison of Outcomes Associated with Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and a Modified Technique for Tibial Tuberosity Advancement for the Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Dogs: A Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Livet Véronique , Baldinger Arnaud , Viguier Éric , Taroni Mathieu , Harel Mathieu , Carozzo Claude , Cachon Thibaut 
Published: April 2019

Objectives This study aimed to compare outcomes between the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure and a modified tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA Rapid) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
Materials and Methods Twenty-six dogs were prospectively randomized into two groups: a TPLO group (n = 13) and a TTA Rapid group (n = 13). A lameness score evaluation, gait analysis and radiographical examination were performed before surgery, the 3 days after surgery, and then at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Finally, owners were asked to subjectively rate their level of satisfaction.
Results The duration of surgery was significantly shorter for the TTA Rapid procedure (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications between groups. Lameness scores were significantly higher during the first 3 days after surgery for the TPLO group (p = 0.01 at day 1, p = 0.01 at day 2 and p = 0.003 at day 3). One month after surgery, the symmetry index between healthy and affected limbs for the relative stance time during the gait cycle (symmetry index/%) was significantly higher for the TTA Rapid group (p < 0.01). No gait parameters were significantly different between the two groups 6 months after surgery. All of the owners of dogs in the TPLO group were completely satisfied, whereas only 11/13 owners of dogs in the TTA rapid group were completely satisfied.
Clinical Significance Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and TTA Rapid were associated with high long-term success rates in dogs. The immediate postoperative recovery seemed faster with TTA Rapid, but thereafter there was no difference.
Ectodermal Dysplasia—A Case Report
Authors: Kaur Damanpreet , Behl Ashima , Isher Parminder , Bhatnagar Dipti 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEctodermal dysplasias (EDs) include large group of syndromes that are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and are identified by anomalies in structures of ectodermal origin. Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia is a condition associated with defect of structures originating from ectoderm and is typically inherited as cross-linked recessive trait, more pronounced in males than in females. The frequency of different ectodermal dysplasias in a given population is highly variable. It is estimated to be 7 in 1,000 births. This case report is presented with an objective to show two patients, siblings, with ED. Both presented with classic symptoms of anodontia, hypohidrosis, and hypotrichosis.
Comparison of Crown-Root Relationships of Maxillary Central Incisors in Various Malocclusions
Authors: Brar Rajwinder , Bhullar Mandeep , Mittal Sanjay , Singla Divya , Aggarwal Isha 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the crown-root and labial crown-root angles in class I, class II division (div) 1, and class II div 2 malocclusions, using cephalometric radiographs, and to find a correlation between crown-root angulation and labial crown-root angle.
Materials and Methods A sample of 45 patients (23 females and 22 males) with age range from 11 to 27 years and mean age of 17 years was taken. The sample was divided into class I, class II div 2, and class II div 1 malocclusions with 15 patients in each group. The means for various parameters for each group were calculated, and multiple comparisons were made. For correlation of two parameters, Pearson's correlation was used for normally distributed data.
Results Mean crown-root angle for class I was 5.8 ± 6.5; for class II div 1, it was 5.3 ± 4.2; and for class II div 2, it was 15.6 ± 9.69 degrees. Mean labial crown root angle for class I was 28.8 ± 5.8; for class II div 1, it was 27.06 ± 4.9; and for class II div 2, it was 39.8 ± 9.8 degrees.
Conclusions Statistically higher values were seen for crown-root angle and labial crown-root angle in class II div 2 malocclusion. A significant correlation was seen between crown-root angle and labial crown-root angle in class I, class II div 1, and class II div 2 malocclusion.
Payments for adding ecosystem carbon are mostly beneficial to biodiversity
Authors: Larjavaara Markku , Davenport Tim R B , Gangga Adi , Holm Saara , Kanninen Markku , Tien Nguyen Dinh 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Biodiversity conservation is often considered to be an important co-benefit of REDD+ and other mechanisms aiming to increase carbon in biomass and soil to mitigate climate change. This reasoning is based on the assumption that the level of biodiversity and ecosystem carbon are positively correlated. Firstly, however, studies have shown both positive and negative relationships. Secondly, incentives for additional ecosystem carbon do not trigger random or all potential changes in land-use, but often concentrate on one or a few specific changes that could have an opposite effect than the general trend indicates. Therefore, it is important to study biodiversity impacts of plausible measures to increase carbon. We obtained land-use scenarios on pathways to increase carbon based on 97 face-to-face interviews of local land-use experts in twelve landscapes in seven countries and five continents. We then conducted another set of face-to-face interviews with biodiversity experts yielding 2963 estimations concerning the value of land-use classes for 264 taxa of fauna and flora in these landscapes. We found positive carbon to biodiversity relationships in ten of the twelve landscapes. The biodiversity impacts of measures to increase carbon were positive in eleven of the twelve landscapes. Our results indicate that a random land-use change that increases biodiversity is also likely to increase carbon and vice versa.
Purely rotational symmetry-protected topological crystalline insulator

α

-Bi4Br4
Authors: Hsu Chuang-Han , Zhou Xiaoting , Ma Qiong , Gedik Nuh , Bansil Arun , Pereira Vitor M , Lin Hsin , Fu Liang , Xu Su-Yang , Chang Tay-Rong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Rotational-symmetry-protected topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) are expected to host unique boundary modes, in that the surface normal to the rotational axis can feature surface states with ‘unpinned’ Dirac points, which are not constrained to lie on high symmetry points or lines, but can lie at any general k point in the Brillouin zone. Also, as a higher order bulk boundary correspondence is involved here, a three-dimensional (3D) TCI can support one-dimensional (1D) helical edge states. Using first-principles band structure calculations, we identify the van der Waals material

-Bi4Br4 as a purely rotation symmetry protected TCI. We show that the

surface of Bi4Br4 exhibits a pair of unpinned topological Dirac fermions which are related to the presence of a two-fold rotation axis. These unpinned Dirac fermions possess an exotic spin texture which will be highly favorable for spin transport, and a band structure that consists of van Hove singularities due to a Lifshitz transition. We also identify 1D topological hinge states along the edges of an

-Bi4Br4 rod. We comment on how the predicted topological features in

-Bi4Br4 could be accessed experimentally.
PIP5k1β controls bone homeostasis through modulating both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Zhao Xiaoying , Cui Penglei , Hu Guoli , Wang Chuandong , Jiang Lei , Zhao Jingyu , Xu Jiake , Zhang Xiaoling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPIP5k1β is crucial to the generation of phosphotidylinosotol (4, 5)P2. PIP5k1β participates in numerous cellular activities, such as B cell and platelet activation, cell phagocytosis and endocytosis, cell apoptosis, and cytoskeletal organization. In the present work, we aimed to examine the function of PIP5k1β in osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis to provide promising strategies for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. We discovered that PIP5k1β deletion in mice resulted in obvious bone loss and that PIP5k1β was highly expressed during both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. Deletion of the gene was found to enhance the proliferation and migration of bone marrow-derived macrophage-like cells to promote osteoclast differentiation. PIP5k1β−/− osteoclasts exhibited normal cytoskeleton architecture but stronger resorption activity. PIP5k1β deficiency also promoted activation of mitogen-activated kinase and Akt signaling, enhanced TRAF6 and c-Fos expression, facilitated the expression and nuclear translocation of NFATC1, and upregulated Grb2 expression, thereby accelerating osteoclast differentiation and function. Finally, PIP5k1β enhanced osteoblast differentiation by upregulating master gene expression through triggering smad1/5/8 signaling. Therefore, PIP5k1β modulates bone homeostasis and remodeling.
The Evolution of the Rajaz Meter in Modern Arabic Poetry, Al-Rajaz Poem as Narrative Poetry, as Reflected in the Works of Ṣalāḥ ‘ABD AL-Ṣabūr
Authors: Maysoon Fuad Shibi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The rajaz meter has always been folkloric, from its inception to this day. It is easy to compose verses in it, so that poets used it to express the concerns of their nation, especially following the consecutive political defeats which the Arab world has experienced. Modern Arab poets use this meter in poems that express the concerns of the common people and urge them to stand together in the face of defeats and despotic, oppressive regimes. The rajaz meter allows them to write in one voice that represents the collective as a whole. The Egyptian poet Ṣalāḥ ’Abd al-Ṣabūr (1931–81) used the rajaz meter in an innovative manner, in a way that he succeeded in making an equilibrium between poetry and prose. This can be seen in his use of the rajaz meter to compose narrative poems, as we shall see in the present study.
Evolutionary comparison of competitive protein-complex formation of MYB, bHLH, and WDR proteins in plants
Authors: Zhang Bipei , Chopra Divykriti , Schrader Andrea , Hülskamp Martin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA protein complex consisting of a MYB, basic Helix-Loop-Helix, and a WDR protein, the MBW complex, regulates five traits, namely the production of anthocyanidin, proanthocyanidin, and seed-coat mucilage, and the development of trichomes and root hairs. For complexes involved in trichome and root hair development it has been shown that the interaction of two MBW proteins can be counteracted by the respective third protein (called competitive complex formation). We examined competitive complex formation for selected MBW proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabis alpina, Gossypium hirsutum, Petunia hybrida, and Zea mays. Quantitative analyses of the competitive binding of MYBs and WDRs to bHLHs were done by pull-down assays using ProtA- and luciferase-tagged proteins expressed in human HEC cells. We found that some bHLHs show competitive complex formation whilst others do not. Competitive complex formation strongly correlated with a phylogenetic tree constructed with the bHLH proteins under investigation, suggesting a functional relevance. We demonstrate that this different behavior can be explained by changes in one amino acid and that this position is functionally relevant in trichome development but not in anthocyanidin regulation.
A Multidimensional Approach to Assessing Anthropometric and Aerobic Fitness Profiles of Elite Brazilian Endurance Athletes and Military Personnel
Authors: Xavier Raphael , Sánchez Carlos , Paulucio Dailson , da Silva Izadora Moreira , Velasque Rodolfo , Nogueira Fernando S , Ferrini Luiz S G , Dornelas Ribeiro Marcos , Serrato Mauricio , Alvarenga Renato , Pompeu Fernando A M S , Santos Caleb G M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionMilitary personnel must remain physically active to meet operational requirements. Military physical training not only provides the performance capabilities required for performing occupational tasks but also fosters the development of sport. Thus, Armed Forces across the world have historically invested in developing elite- and Olympic-level athletes. This study aimed to assess the anthropometric and physiological differences among groups of Brazilian military athletes (MA), non-military athletes (A), and military non-athletes (M).Materials and MethodsSeventy-five individuals participated in the study: 17 MA (23.7 ± 4.8 years), 27 A (24.7 ± 5.3 years), and 31 M (26.9 ± 3.3 years). MA and A individuals specialized in endurance sports, and had a mean weekly training volume of (100.0 ± 34.8 and 106.3 ± 40.5 Km; F = 0.894, p = 0.6), respectively. Anthropometric measures and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2máx) were assessed in all participants. Ergospirometry and anthropometry variables were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for independent measures. Comparisons of weekly training volume (km) and training experience (years) were performed only between the A and MA using the Student’s t-test for independent samples. For a multidimensional approach, Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed for all variables using the online tool MetaboAnalyst.ResultsWe found no differences in anthropometric and physiological profiles between A and MA, but significant differences between M and MA/A in body mass index (kg/m2) (BMI), body fat percentage, fat mass (kg), waist circumference (cm) (WC), somatotype, and V̇O2máx (mL min−1 kg−1).ConclusionIn conclusion, military endurance athletes have similar anthropometric and physiological profiles to non-military athletes and superior levels to non-athlete military. These findings indicate that the Brazilian Armed Forces scouting system has been successful in identifying endurance athletic talent in line with their historic role of developing sport in Brazil.