bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Wu Michael P. , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Emerick Kevin S. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe outcomes of a single institution experience with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsChart review was performed for patients who presented with clinically node negative cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck between December 2007 and May 2018. Patients who met high‐risk criteria underwent SLNB and excision, with or without adjuvant therapy. Patients who underwent prior neck dissection were excluded. The main outcomes were SLNB result, lymph node spread, recurrence‐free survival, disease‐specific survival, and overall survival.ResultsEighty‐three patients underwent successful SLNB, and one patient underwent selective neck dissection for intraoperatively identified occult lymph node metastasis. Five patients (6%) had a sentinel node positive for tumor, of whom 4/5 received further treatment (neck dissection, radiation, and/or systemic therapy) with no further recurrence at the time of last follow‐up. SLNB had a negative predictive value of 95% to 100%. Recurrent tumor at presentation, tumor arising from an area of chronic inflammation, and immunosuppression were significantly associated with increased risk of subsequent recurrence, with a mean follow‐up of 19.9 months.ConclusionsSLNB can be used to identify regional lymph node metastases in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with a high negative predictive value (95%–100%). Factors associated with recurrence were tumor being locally recurrent at presentation, arising from an area of chronic inflammation, and immunosuppression.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:108–114, 2020
Characterization of the transmission behavior of dental filling materials and cements for the diode lasers’ and the Nd:YAG laser's wavelengths
Authors: Diebolder Rolf , Schmid Carmen U. , Luthardt Ralph G. , Rudolph Heike , Kuhn Katharina 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesDiode lasers and the Nd:YAG laser are used in periodontal therapy and soft tissue surgery. Dental filling materials or cements might be inadvertently damaged. The underlying mechanism of the damage is based on the dental material's specific transmission and thus absorption behavior.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four material representatives for composites, glass ionomer cements and other material classes (e.g., compomer) were processed to 100 μm and 200 μm planar specimens and spectroscopically measured for their collimated transmission in the photo spectrometer Varian Cary 5000. The (1) mean intensity of transmitted light was determined for the laser wavelengths of interest (810 nm, 940 nm, 980 nm, 1,064 nm) and used to calculate the (2) absorption lengths.ResultsThe (1) mean intensity of transmitted light ranged between 9.51 % (Panavia F 2.0 for 810 nm) and 96.79% (Artegral Cem for 1,064 nm) for the composite specimens (100 μm) and was—with few exceptions—near zero for the representatives of glass ionomer cement and the other material classes. The (2) absorption lengths were between 0.06 mm (Panavia F 2.0 for all wavelengths of interest) and 1.33 mm (Coltène Duo Cement Plus for 1,064 nm) for the composites and below or equal 0.15 mm (PermaCem for 1,064 nm) for the few representatives of glass ionomer cements and the other material classes with mean intensities of transmitted light, which were not near zero and thus permitted to calculate absorption lengths.ConclusionsThe transmission behavior varied between the different material classes and even within, albeit less pronounced. Composites generally showed the highest intensities of transmitted light and are thus least susceptible to surface damage by laser light (810 nm, 940 nm, 980 nm, 1,064 nm). The results can be used to improve and develop laser applications involving purposeful interactions between laser light and dental materials. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Miniaturized conductor‐backed CPW high‐pass filter for C‐band satellite applications
Authors: Souprayen Oudaya Coumar , Sadasivam Tamilselvan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA miniaturized conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide high‐pass filter for C‐band satellite applications is presented in this article. It consists of high impedance line and hexagonal resonator with interdigital coupling implemented in coplanar by etching square ring metallic pattern at the ground plane of the substrate. The necessary transmission zero is obtained by the shunt connected square ring pattern. The hexagonal resonator arrangement is used to produce band pass characteristics and the back side strip introduces capacitance effect thereby improving the rejection level. Hence, the filter behaves as high‐pass filter. Design, simulation, and fabrication of Satellite C‐band high‐pass filter characteristics are investigated. The proposed filter yields excellent band width starts from 2 to 8 GHz at 10 dB. Hence, the proposed filter will be best suitable for Satellite C‐band applications. The overall size of filter is achieved to be 39 mm × 8 mm × 1.6 mm on accounting all the features. The fractional band width of the filter is calculated from bandwidth to center frequency ratio and it is found 120%. S‐parameter results of high‐pass filter are return loss (RL) S11 is about −30 dB and insertion loss (IL) S21 is −0.98 dB are obtained in simulation. Whereas in the measurement, the RL is nearly −25 dB and IL is −2 dB.
Early stages of fat crystallisation evaluated by low‐field NMR and small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Ladd Parada Marjorie , Povey Megan J. , Vieira Josélio , Rappolt Michael , Ries Michael E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLow‐field time‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR; 20 MHz) is commonly used in the studies of fats in the form of solid fat content (SFC) measurements. However, it has the disadvantage of low sensitivity to small amounts of crystalline material (0.5%), thus often incorrectly determining crystallisation induction times. From spin–lattice relaxation rate measurements (R1) during the isothermal crystallisation measurements of cocoa butter between 0.01 and 10 MHz using fast field cycling NMR, we learnt previously that the most sensitive frequency region is below 1 MHz. Thus, we focused on analysing our 10‐kHz data in detail, by observing the time dependence of R1 and comparing it with standard SFCNMR and SFC determinations from small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SFCSAXS). Although not reflecting directly the SFC, the R1 at this low frequency is very sensitive to changes in molecular aggregation and hence potentially serving as an alternative for determination of crystallisation induction times. Alongside R1, we also show that SFCSAXS is more sensitive to early stages of crystallisation, that is, standard SFCNMR determinations become more relevant when crystal growth starts to dominate the crystallisation process but fail to pick up earlier crystallisation steps. This paper thus demonstrates the potential of studying triacylglycerols at frequencies below 1 MHz for obtaining further understanding of the early crystallisation stages of fats and presents an alternative and complementary method to estimate SFC by SAXS.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Barriers to Healthy Eating Scale: Results from Four Independent Weight Loss Studies
Authors: Sun Ran , Rohay Jeffrey M. , Sereika Susan M. , Zheng Yaguang , Yu Yang , Burke Lora E. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 22‐item Barriers to Healthy Eating (BHE) scale in four independent weight loss studies conducted over 13 years.MethodsPrincipal axis factoring with promax rotation was performed to reveal the underlying factor structure. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach α, and convergent validity was assessed by correlating the baseline BHE with the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle questionnaire total and subscale scores. Predictive validity was examined by the association of BHE change with weight loss over 6 months.ResultsThe four studies had similar gender (82.9%‐89.9% female) and race (70.5%‐81.4% white) distributions. Factor analyses suggested removal of two items and a three‐factor structure: self‐control and motivation (10 items), daily mechanics (7 items), and social support (3 items). The Cronbach α for the 20‐item BHE ranged from 0.849 to 0.881 across the four studies. The BHE and Weight Efficacy Lifestyle questionnaire total and subscale scores were all negatively correlated with each other, showing good convergent validity (r = 0.120‐0.544, P < 0.05). BHE change was associated with weight loss from 0 to 6 months (r = 0.282‐0.450, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe BHE scale showed very good psychometric properties over time, supporting its use in measuring barriers to one’s ability to adopt or maintain a healthy eating plan.
Discriminating bulk versus interface shunts in organic solar cells by advanced imaging techniques
Authors: Karl André , Osvet Andres , Vetter Andreas , Maisch Philipp , Li Ning , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn important aspect when upscaling organic photovoltaics from laboratory to industrial scale is quality control. Established imaging techniques like lock‐in thermography or luminescence imaging are frequently used for this purpose. While these techniques allow for the lateral detection of defects, they cannot provide information on the vertical position of the defect in the OPV stack. Here, we present an approach to overcome this limitation. A femtosecond‐laser is deployed to introduce well‐defined artificial calibration defects selectively into both the interface and the bulk active layer of inverted P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction cells during device fabrication. The defective cells are then characterized using J‐V analysis and several nondestructive imaging methods (dark lock‐in thermography, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence imaging). The distinct response for each defect in the different imaging methods enables us to uniquely distinguish between bulk and interface defects. This allows to study surface recombination under most controlled conditions.
Equation of State of Detonation Products Based on Exponential‐6 Potential Model and Analytical Representation of the Excess Helmholtz Free Energy
Authors: Suceska Muhamed , Braithwaite Martin , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stimac Barbara 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOne of the most important tasks associated with theoretical prediction of performance of explosives by thermochemical calculation is accurate description of the equation of state (EOS) of detonation products. Widely used empirical equations of state, such is Becker‐Kistiakowsky‐Wilson (BKW EOS), have limited accuracy when it comes to energetic materials with unusual elemental composition. Replacing empirical EOS with more sophisticated and theoretically based EOS, the accuracy of thermochemical calculations can be increase. We present an equation of state of detonation products based on the Buckingham α‐exponential‐6 equation (Exp‐6) and an analytical representation of the excess thermodynamic functions for classical fluid mixture. The excess Helmholtz free energy, as a function of reduced density, temperature, and stiffness parameter, is calculated applying KLRR perturbation statistical mechanical theory, and so obtained data are approximated by multinomial coefficients. The interpolation domain is defined so to describe accurately the range of pressures, densities, and temperatures relevant for detonation studies. The equation is incorporated in EXPLO5 thermochemical code. Good agreement with Monte‐Carlo calculations is obtained, as well as between calculated and experimental detonation parameters for a series of explosives.
Nanoparticle‐Regulated Semiartificial Magnetotactic Bacteria with Tunable Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Sensitivity
Authors: Li Qilong , Chen Haitao , Feng Xueyan , Yu Chanchan , Feng Feng , Chai Yahong , Lu Pan , Song Tao , Wang Xiuyu , Yao Li 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicro‐/nanomotors are widely used in micro‐/nanoprocessing, cargo transportation, and other microscale tasks because of their ability to move independently. Many biological hybrid motors based on bacteria have been developed. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have been employed as motors in biological systems because of their good biocompatibility and magnetotactic motion in magnetic fields. However, the magnetotaxis of MTB is difficult to control due to the lack of effective methods. Herein, a strategy that enables control over the motion of MTB is presented. By depositing synthetic Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on the surface of MTB, semiartificial magnetotactic bacteria (SAMTB) are produced. The overall magnetic properties of SAMTB, including saturation magnetization, residual magnetization, and blocking temperature, are regulated in a multivariate and multilevel fashion, thus regulating the magnetic sensitivity of SAMTB. This strategy provides a feasible method to manoeuvre MTB for applications in complex fluid environments, such as magnetic drug release systems and real‐time tracking systems. Furthermore, this concept and methodology provide a paradigm for controlling the mobility of micro‐/nanomotors based on natural small organisms.
Development of a comprehensive MPPT for grid‐connected wind turbine driven PMSG
Authors: P Sai Manoj , A Vijayakumari , K Kottayil Sasi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a comprehensive MPPT method by which extraction of maximum power from wind turbine and its subsequent transfer through various power stages and final delivery to the connected grid are realized. In the proposed system, the operation of the wind turbine at its maximum efficiency point is maintained by control of grid‐tied inverter such that the shaft speed of the generator is set to result the desired optimum tip speed ratio of the turbine. The proposed comprehensive MPPT estimates the required DC link voltage for each wind speed using a unified system model, uses a loss factor to account for the system losses, and then controls the inverter to push the WT extracted maximum power into the grid. The comprehensive MPPT is developed and is validated in MATLAB/Simulink platform in a wide range of operating wind speed. The results ascertain that the wind turbine is made to operate at its maximum efficiency point for all wind speeds below the rated one.
Analysis of blade fragment risk at a wind energy facility
Authors: Larwood Scott , Simms David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn analysis was performed to determine the risk posed by wind turbine fragments on roads and buildings at the National Wind Technology Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The authors used a previously developed model of fragment trajectory and took into account the wind speed/direction distribution at the site and the probability of rotor failure. The site‐specific risk was assessed by determining the likelihood of impact and related consequences. For both the roads and buildings, the risk varied from low to routine, which was considered acceptable.
The Impact of Circular Stapler Size on the Incidence of Cervical Anastomotic Stricture After Esophagectomy
Authors: Hosoi Takahiro , Abe Tetsuya , Uemura Norihisa , Higaki Eiji , Kawai Ryosuke , Kawakami Jiro , An Byonggu , Nagino Masato , Shimizu Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCervical anastomotic stricture after esophagectomy is a serious complication that adversely affects postoperative recovery, nutritional status and quality of life. Cervical anastomosis by a circular stapler (CS) has been widely accepted as a simple and convenient method, but anastomotic strictures are likely to occur. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between CS size and the incidence of anastomotic stricture after cervical esophagogastric anastomosis performed by a CS.MethodsBetween April 2011 and March 2016, 236 consecutive patients underwent cervical esophagogastric anastomosis by a CS via a retrosternal route after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. These patients were divided into according to CS size for the procedure as follows: small‐sized (25 mm) CS group (SG, n = 116) and large‐sized (28 or 29 mm) CS group (LG, n = 120). The clinical data of patients were analyzed retrospectively to compare the two groups.ResultsOverall, anastomotic strictures were observed in 90 patients (38%). The incidence of anastomotic stricture was significantly lower in the LG than the SG (23% vs. 53%, p < 0.001) (Table 3). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD: FEV1.0% <70%) (OR 2.35, 95% CI = 1.09–5.14; p = 0.029), anastomotic leakage (OR 8.97, 95% CI = 2.69–41.30; p < 0.001), and a small‐sized CS (OR 3.42, 95% CI = 1.82–6.62; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for anastomotic stricture in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIf possible, a large‐sized CS should be used to prevent cervical anastomotic strictures when performing cervical anastomoses by CS.
Surgical treatment of Neer type II and type V lateral clavicular fractures: comparison of hook plate versus superior plate with lateral extension: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ochen Yassine , Frima Herman , Houwert R. Marijn , Heng Marilyn , van Heijl Mark , Verleisdonk Egbert J. M. M. , van der Velde Detlef 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeDifferent fixation methods are used for treatment of unstable lateral clavicle fractures (LCF). Definitive consensus and guidelines for the surgical fixation of LCF have not been established. The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported functional outcome after open reduction and internal fixation with the clavicle hook plate (CHP) and the superior clavicle plate with lateral extension (SCPLE).MethodsA dual-center retrospective cohort study was performed. All patients operatively treated for unstable Neer type II and type V LCF between 2011 and 2016, with the CHP (n = 23) or SCPLE (n = 53), were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was the QuickDASH score. Secondary outcomes were the numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score, complications, and implant removal.ResultsA total of 67 patients (88%) were available for the final follow-up. There was a significant difference in bicortical lateral fragment size, 15 mm (± 4, range 6–21) in the CPH group compared to 20 mm (± 8, range 8–43) in the SCPLE group (p ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in median QuickDASH score (CHP; 0.00 [IQR 0.0–0.0], SCPLE; 0.00 [IQR 0.0–4.5];p = 0.073) or other functional outcome scores (NRS at rest;p = 0.373, NRS during activity;p = 0.559). There was no significant difference in median QuickDASH score or other functional outcome scores between Neer type II and type V fractures. There was no significant difference in complication rate, CHP 11% and SCPLE 8% (relative risk 1.26; [95% CI 0.25–6.33;p = 0.777]). The implant removal rate was 100% in the CHP group compared to 42% in the SCPLE group (relative risk 2.40; [95% CI 1.72–3.35;p ≤ 0.001]).ConclusionBoth the CHP and SCPLE are effective fixation methods for the treatment of unstable LCF, resulting in excellent patient-reported functional outcome and similar complication rates. SCPLE fixation is an effective fixation method for the treatment of both Neer type II and type V LCF. The SCPLE has a lower implant removal rate. Therefore, if technically feasible, we recommend SCPLE fixation for the treatment of unstable LCF.
Making regulation fit by taking irrationality into account: the case of the whistleblower
Authors: Oelrich Sebastian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProspect theory describes people as bounded rational decision maker. What sparked widespread discussion after its initial introduction in 1979 is today criticized for lack of applicability. I use the debate about whistleblowing laws to show that prospect theory may be applied prescriptively in economics as a tool to design effective legislation. Whistleblowing is often seen as an important way to uncover fraud, which causes billions of USD in damages annually. I first examine the fragmented legal landscape across Europe, showing that it can be framed as one favoring rewards or the prevention of losses. I conduct an experiment with 39 university students, wherein legislative incentives are evaluated under a prospect theoretical frame in a setting of ambiguity and high stakes. Results suggest that people exhibit the typical s-shaped value function and loss aversion in line with prospect theory. In addition, their intention to whistleblow is more heavily reduced by losses than increased by gains. The study adds to the scarce literature of prospect theory on decisions in ambiguous contexts—as well as to the applicability of the theory as a prescriptive instrument in designing institutional frames. For whistleblowing in particular, a protection-based approach seems most promising.
When rational decision-making becomes irrational: a critical assessment and re-conceptualization of intuition effectiveness
Authors: Julmi Christian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntuition can lead to more effective decision-making than analysis under certain conditions. This assumption can be regarded as common sense. However, dominant research streams on intuition effectiveness in decision-making conceptualize intuition inadequately, because intuition is considered either detrimental or as a form of analysis. Current findings in general intuition research show that intuition is a holistic form of information processing that is distinct from analysis and can be superior in some cases. To reconcile this mismatch, this article first critically assesses dominant conceptions on intuition effectiveness and then offers a re-conceptualization that builds on current findings of general intuition research. Basically, the article suggests the structuredness of the decision problem as the main criterion for intuition effectiveness, and proposes organization information processing theory to establish this link conceptually. It is not the uncertainty but the equivocality of decision problems that call for an intuitive approach. The article conclusively derives implications for further research and discusses potential restrictions and constraints.