bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small airways dysfunction: the link between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma
Authors: Haccuria Amaryllis , Van Muylem Alain , Malinovschi Andrei , Doan Vi , Michils Alain 
Published: February 2018

Abnormal airway reactivity and overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) occurring in small airways have been found in asthma. If the “one airway, one disease” concept is consistent, such dysfunctions should also be detected in the peripheral airways of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis.We investigated whether peripheral airway reactivity and NO overproduction could be documented in distal airways in patients with allergic rhinitis. Exhaled NO fraction (FeNO) and the slope (S) of phase III of the single-breath washout test (SBWT) of helium (He) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were measured in 31 patients with allergic asthma, 23 allergic rhinitis patients and 24 controls, before and after sputum induction. SBWT is sensitive to airway calibre change occurring in the lung periphery.TheFeNOdecrease was more significant in asthma and rhinitis than in controls (−55.1% and −50.0%, respectively,versus−40.8%) (p=0.007 and p=0.029, respectively). SSF6and SHeincreased in all groups. Change in SHe(ΔSHe) > ΔSSF6was observed in rhinitis (p=0.004) and asthma (p<0.001), whereas ΔSSF6= ΔSHein controls (p=0.431).This study provides evidence of peripheral airway dysfunction in patients with allergic rhinitis quite similar to that described in asthma. Furthermore, a large proportion of the increased NO production reported in allergic rhinitis appears to originate in the peripheral airways.
Impact of Cancer Awareness Drive on Generating Awareness of and Improving Screening for Cervical Cancer: A Study Among Schoolteachers in India
Authors: Shankar Abhishek , Roy Shubham , Rath Goura Kishor , Chakraborty Abhijit , Kamal Vineet Kumar , Biswas Aalekhya Sharma 
Published: February 2018

Purpose Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in India. Our study assessed the level and impact of awareness programs in the adoption of safe practices in prevention and early detection. Methods This assessment was part of a Pink Chain Campaign, the mission of which is to fight cancer. During cancer awareness events from 2013 to 2015 at various women’s colleges in different parts in India, a pretest related to cervical cancer was followed by an awareness program. A post-test was conducted 6 months and 1 year later. Results A total of 872 of 985 teachers participated in the study, for a response rate of 88.5%. Mean age of the population was 42.4 years. There was a significant increase in the level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer at 6 months, which was sustained at 1 year. Regarding cervical cancer screening, knowledge and practice of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test as a screening test for cervical cancer among teachers were changed significantly at 6 months and 1 year. More than 75% of teachers were educated by physicians about the Pap test. At the time of the post-test, there was a significant change in alcohol and smoking habits. The main reasons for not undergoing a screening test were ignorance (50%), lethargic attitude (44.8%), and lack of time (34.6%). Conclusion The level of knowledge of cervical cancer was poor. A significant increase in the level of knowledge of cervical cancer among the population was found after this study. To inculcate safe lifestyle practices, awareness programs should be conducted more widely and frequently.
Polar cell fate stimulates Wolbachia intracellular growth
Authors: Kamath Ajit D. , Deehan Mark A. , Frydman Horacio M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Bacteria are crucial partners in the development and evolution of vertebrates and invertebrates. A large fraction of insects harbor Wolbachia, bacterial endosymbionts that manipulate host reproduction to favor their spreading. Because they are maternally inherited, Wolbachia are under selective pressure to reach the female germline and infect the offspring. However, Wolbachia infection is not limited to the germline. Somatic cell types, including stem cell niches, have higher Wolbachia loads compared with the surrounding tissue. Here, we show a novel Wolbachia tropism to polar cells (PCs), specialized somatic cells in the Drosophila ovary. During oogenesis, all stages of PC development are easily visualized, facilitating the investigation of the kinetics of Wolbachia intracellular growth. Wolbachia accumulation is triggered by particular events of PC morphogenesis, including differentiation from progenitors and between stages 8 and 9 of oogenesis. Moreover, induction of ectopic PC fate is sufficient to promote Wolbachia accumulation. We found that Wolbachia PC tropism is evolutionarily conserved across most Drosophila species, but not in Culex mosquitos. These findings highlight the coordination of endosymbiont tropism with host development and cell differentiation.
Hormonal control of growth in the wing imaginal disks of Junonia coenia: the relative contributions of insulin and ecdysone
Authors: Nijhout H. Frederik , Laub Emily , Grunert Laura W. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The wing imaginal disks of Lepidoptera can be grown in tissue culture, but require both insulin and ecdysone to grow normally. Here, we investigate the contributions the two hormones make to growth. Ecdysone is required to maintain mitoses, whereas in the presence of insulin alone mitoses stop. Both ecdysone and insulin stimulate protein synthesis, but only ecdysone stimulates DNA synthesis. Insulin stimulates primarily cytoplasmic growth and an increase in cell size, whereas ecdysone, by virtue of its stimulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis, stimulates growth by an increase in cell number. Although both hormones stimulate protein synthesis, they do so in different spatial patterns. Both hormones stimulate protein synthesis in the inter-vein regions, but ecdysone stimulates synthesis more strongly in the veins and in the margin of the wing disk. We propose that the balance of insulin and ecdysone signaling must be regulated to maintain normal growth, and when growth appears to be due primarily to an increase in cell number, or an increase in cell size, this may indicate growth occurred under conditions that favored a stronger role for ecdysone, or insulin, respectively.
‘‘Classic’’ theories and current challenges concerning welfare state development
Authors: Lalioti Varvara 
Published: February 2018

Στόχος του παρόντος άρθρου είναι μία πολύ συνοπτική παρουσίαση ‘κλασικών’ θεωριών που αφορούν στην ανάπτυξη του κράτους πρόνοιας, υπογραμμίζοντας ταυτόχρονα την ανάγκη η κοινωνική πολιτική να λάβει υπ’ όψιν της τις σύγχρονες προκλήσεις που αντιμετωπίζει το κράτος πρόνοιας, και να ‘μετασχηματίσει’ τις παλαιές θεωρίες, σε συμφωνία με νέες κατευθύνσεις στην έρευνα. Στο πρώτο μέρος του άρθρου παρουσιάζονται με τρόπο πολύ περιληπτικό και κριτικό ‘κλασικές’ θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις. Αυτές περιλαμβάνουν την επιρροή της βιομηχανικής ανάπτυξης, των εθνικών αξιών και των εργοδοτών στην ανάπτυξη κοινωνικής πολιτικής, καθώς και τη θεωρία των πόρων εξουσίας και τον ιστορικό θεσμισμό. Περιλαμβάνουν όμως ακόμη τη γενικότερη τάση κατάταξης των κρατών πρόνοιας, η οποία βασίστηκε σε στοιχεία των προαναφερθεισών προσεγγίσεων και εισήγαγε νέες μεταβλητές όπως το φύλο. Το δεύτερο μέρος του άρθρου αφορά σε ισχυρές, σύγχρονες προκλήσεις που αντιμετωπίζει το κράτος πρόνοιας όπως είναι η μετανάστευση και η αυξανόμενη εθνική ποικιλομορφία, η νεοφιλελεύθερη παγκοσμιοποίηση και η πρόσφατη κρίση, καθώς και οι μεταβαλλόμενοι ρόλοι των φύλων. Οι προκλήσεις αυτές εγείρουν σημαντικές ερωτήσεις για το πεδίο της κοινωνικής πολιτικής και θέτουν σε δοκιμασία τα όρια παραδοσιακών αντιλήψεων για την κοινωνική πολιτική, προβάλλοντας ταυτόχρονα την ανάγκη για έναν εποικοδομητικό διάλογο ανάμεσα στο παλαιό και σε κάτι νεότερο, το οποίο θα συμπληρώσει το παλαιό. Ο διάλογος αυτός αποτελεί προαπαιτούμενο για τη σοβαρή και σύμφωνα με επιστημονικούς κανόνες διεξαγωγή έρευνας στο πεδίο της κοινωνικής πολιτικής. Η τελευταία ενότητα του άρθρου παρουσιάζει με τρόπο συνοπτικό τα συμπεράσματα.
A demographic dividend of the FP2020 Initiative and the SDG reproductive health target: Case studies of India and Nigeria
Authors: Li Qingfeng , Rimon Jose G. 
Published: February 2018

Background: The demographic dividend, defined as the economic growth potential resulting from favorable shifts in population age structure following rapid fertility decline, has been widely employed to advocate improving access to family planning. The current framework focuses on the long-term potential, while the short-term benefits may also help persuade policy makers to invest in family planning. Methods: We estimate the short- and medium-term economic benefits from two major family planning goals: the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020)’s goal of adding 120 million modern contraceptive users by 2020; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3.7 of ensuring universal access to family planning by 2030. We apply the cohort component method to World Population Prospects and National Transfer Accounts data. India and Nigeria, respectively the most populous Asian and African country under the FP2020 initiative, are used as case studies. Results: Meeting the FP2020 target implies that on average, the number of children that need to be supported by every 100 working-age people would decrease by 8 persons in India and 11 persons in Nigeria in 2020; the associated reduction remains at 8 persons in India, but increases to 14 persons in Nigeria by 2030 under the SDG 3.7. In India meeting the FP2020 target would yield a saving of US$18.2 billion (PPP) in consumption expenditures for children and youth in the year 2020 alone, and that increased to US$89.7 billion by 2030. In Nigeria the consumption saved would be US$2.5 billion in 2020 and $12.9 billion by 2030. Conclusions: The tremendous economic benefits from meeting the FP2020 and SDG family planning targets demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of investment in promoting access to contraceptive methods. The gap already apparent between the observed and targeted trajectories indicates tremendous missing opportunities. Accelerated progress is needed to achieve the FP2020 and SDG goals and so reap the demographic dividend.
Burden of neurodevelopmental disorders in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bitta Mary , Kariuki Symon M. , Abubakar Amina , Newton Charles R.J.C 
Published: February 2018

Background: Childhood mortality from infectious diseases has declined steadily in many low and middle-income (LAMIC) countries, with increased recognition of non-communicable diseases such as neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). There is lack of data on the burden of NDD in LAMIC. Current global burden of these disorders are largely extrapolated from high-income countries. The main objective of the study was therefore to estimate the burden of NDD in LAMIC using meta-analytic techniques. Methods: We systematically searched online databases including Medline/PubMed, PsychoInfo, and Embase for studies that reported prevalence or incidence of NDD. Pooled prevalence, heterogeneity and risk factors for prevalence were determined using meta-analytic techniques. Results: We identified 4,802 records, but only 51 studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies were from Asia-Pacific (52.2%) and most were on neurological disorders (63.1%). The median pooled prevalence per 1,000 for any NDD was 7.6 (95%CI 7.5-7.7), being 11.3 (11.7-12.0) for neurological disorders and 3.2 (95%CI 3.1-3.3) for mental conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The type of NDD was significantly associated with the greatest prevalence ratio in the multivariable model (PR=2.6(95%CI 0.6-11.6) (P>0.05). Incidence was only reported for epilepsy (mean of 447.7 (95%CI 415.3-481.9) per 100,000). Perinatal complications were the commonest risk factor for NDD. Conclusion: The burden of NDD in LAMIC is considerable. Epidemiological surveys on NDD should screen all types of NDD to provide reliable estimates.
ДРЕВНЕРУССКОЕ ИСКУССТВО – ИСТОЧНИК ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ В ОБЛАСТИ ДИЗАЙНА
Authors: Gerasimova Maria Pavlovna , Sudarushkina Elena Sergeevna 
Published: February 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях современной модной индустрии теме трансформации исторического и народного искусства в модели современного костюма и обуви. Предметом анализа выступают образцы русского костюма и орнамента, обувь и аксессуары, являющиеся творческим источником для создания современных коллекций. Авторы ставят целью раскрыть красоту древнерусского и народного искусства, выверенность его форм и пропорций, изысканность колористических и композиционных построений.
Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют методы трансформации, а также принцип современной реконструкции исторических архитектоничных форм и композиций в транскрипции современной моды.
Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы транспортируют исторические идеи народного искусства в мир современного модного образа. Определяющим моментом данного исследования является не заимствование аутентичных композиционных решений, а создание коллекций, отвечающих требованиям модной индустрии. В результате тщательного анализа всех составляющих – формы, кроя, колористического и орнаментального решений, – получены новые формы костюма и обуви, соответствующие современной реальности.
Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере проектирования и моделирования изделий текстильной и лёгкой промышленности.
Implementing an integrated pathway to care for the dying: is your organisation ready?
Authors: Sharpe Kendall K , Noble Christy , Hiremagular Balaji , Grealish Laurie 
Published: February 2018

Background: Integrated pathways for care of the dying aim to promote the delivery of high-quality palliative care, regardless of access to specialist services. Aim: To produce a heuristic technique to assist with planning and evaluating the integration of the care of the dying pathway into everyday work. Methods: Electronic databases were searched to identify research papers focused on the implementation of integrated pathways for care of the dying in acute hospital settings. Results: A total of 13 articles were reviewed using the four elements of normalisation process theory—coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring. These results informed the development of a heuristic for organisational readiness. Conclusion: The organisational readiness heuristic provides an evidence-based checklist for organisational leaders who are planning to introduce new, or evaluate current, integrated pathways for care of the dying. The next step is to trial the heuristic for feasibility in practice.
Targeted palliative care day therapy interventions using modified MYMOP2 tool can improve outcomes for patients with non-malignant diseases
Authors: Monnery Daniel , Webb Esther , Richardson Lorna , Isaac Jane , Chapman Laura 
Published: February 2018

Background: There is a paucity of evidence supporting the benefits of palliative care day therapy services for patients with non-malignant diseases. Outcome measures in this setting are also lacking. Aim: To evaluate the use of the modified Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 (MYMOP2) tool in tailoring day therapy services toward the needs of patients with non-malignant conditions Method: A single system, ‘before and after’ design quality improvement study was conducted. Data were collected regarding outcome measures, re-referral rates and mortality. Result: After the introduction of the modified MYMOP2 tool, there was an improvement in the mean outcome scores for patients with non-malignant disease. Re-referral rates for these patients dropped by 28% during the follow up period, with no change in mortality. Implications for practice: These findings suggest that using the modified MYMOP2 tool to tailor and measure the outcome of holistic day therapy services results in a more sustained improvement for patients with non-malignant disease.
The everyday Disney side: Disneybounding and casual cosplay
Authors: Brock Nettie A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This project examines the fan practice of Disneybounding, dressing like a Disney character in everyday life, and suggests that this is part of a wider trend of everyday cosplay. Through interviews with participants, as well as engagement with the community online, I investigated and participated in this fan group. These Disney fans express their ‘Disney side’ in their everyday life by wearing normal clothing in ways that emulate Disney characters. They expressed to me two primary reasons for Disneybounding: they are able to find themselves within the larger Disneybounding community and they are striving to relive their childhood Disney memories. Because of the similarities between this and other forms of cosplay, I theorize a subset of cosplay, everyday cosplay, which can be used to discuss cosplay in different ways, as well as to look at a more ordinary way of expressing fandom.
Determining the Geotechnical Characteristics of Some Sedimentary Rocks from Iran with an Emphasis on the Correlations between Physical, Index, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Fereidooni Davood , Khajevand Reza 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Geotechnical characteristics were assessed to correlate physical, index, and mechanical properties of twelve sedimentary rock samples of four rock types collected from northern and northwestern parts of Damghan, northern Iran. Mineralogical and physical properties of the rocks were determined from prepared specimens in the laboratory after the field investigations. Also, the selected rock samples were subjected to index and mechanical tests including P-wave velocity, Schmidt rebound hardness, slake durability, point load, Brazilian, block punch, and uniaxial compressive strength. Mineralogical studies by thin section and X-Ray diffraction methods indicated that the selected rock samples with different textures are mainly composed of quartz and calcite. The studied rocks had low to high dry unit weight, low to medium porosity and low to very high P-wave velocity. The rocks were classified as durable and very durable based on the slake durability index. They were very strong to extremely strong in point load index, weak to moderate in block punch index, and weak to strong in uniaxial compressive strength. So they were classified in different strength categories. The obtained correlations between different rock properties from regression analyses indicated that specific gravity and unit weights are affected by mineral content while the other characteristics including water absorption, primary wave velocity, Schmidt rebound hardness, slake durability index, point load index, Brazilian tensile strength, and block punch strength are controlled by the porosity of the rocks.
Child Health Outcomes After Presumptive Infection Treatment in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Hallamaa Lotta , Cheung Yin Bun , Maleta Kenneth , Luntamo Mari , Ashorn Ulla , Gladstone Melissa , Kulmala Teija , Mangani Charles , Ashorn Per 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:We showed earlier that presumptive infection treatment in pregnancy reduced the prevalence of neonatal stunting in a rural low-income setting. In this article, we assess how these gains were sustained and reflected in childhood growth, development, and mortality.METHODS:We enrolled 1320 pregnant Malawian women in a randomized trial and treated them for malaria and other infections with either 2 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) (control), monthly SP, or monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and 2 doses of azithromycin (AZI-SP). Child height or length and mortality were recorded at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months and development at 60 months by using Griffith’s Mental Development Scales.RESULTS:Throughout follow-up, the mean child length was 0.4 to 0.7 cm higher (P &lt; .05 at 1–12 months), the prevalence of stunting was 6 to 11 percentage points lower (P &lt; .05 at 12–36 months), and the 5-year cumulative incidence of stunting was 13 percentage points lower (hazard ratio: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60 to 0.83, P &lt; .001) in the AZI-SP group than in the control group. The mean developmental score was 3.8 points higher in the AZI-SP group than in the control group (95% CI: 1.1 to 6.4, P = .005). Total mortality during pregnancy and childhood was 15.3%, 15.1%, and 13.1% (P = .60) in the control, monthly SP, and AZI-SP groups, respectively. Postneonatal mortality (secondary outcome) was 5.5%, 3.3%, and 1.9%, respectively (risk ratio of AZI-SP versus control: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.76, P = .008).CONCLUSIONS:Provision of AZI-SP rather than 2 doses of SP during pregnancy reduced the incidence of stunting in childhood. AZI-SP during pregnancy also had a positive effect on child development and may have reduced postneonatal mortality.
Desarrollo de un Modelo Virtual para el Conformado de Aceros Inoxidables
Authors: Vargas Salvador Bravo 
Published: February 2018

En este trabajo se presenta un modelo virtual en ANSYS del proceso de conformado en aceros inoxidables que permite la obtención de la fibra neutra. La fibra neutra, también conocida como factor K, permite el cálculo del desarrollo de una pieza para su posterior conformado. Dada la complejidad de los procesos de conformado en la industria, como lo son el doblado, embutido y estampado, es necesario realizar el análisis computacional de los mismos. Es importante disponer de modelos que permitan conocer el comportamiento de los materiales durante su procesamiento para disminuir los posteriores errores de manufactura. Este trabajo propone un método de análisis por elementos finitos para el conformado de aceros inoxidables y presenta la comparativa con la experimentación física. Se ha caracterizado el proceso particular de doblado y se ha hecho la comparativa con probetas físicas de los aceros inoxidables 201 y 304, la cual muestra una diferencia de apenas el 0.4 por ciento entre ambas. El factor K obtenido puede ser utilizado directamente para cálculos analíticos para el desarrollo de piezas, o en los softwares de plegado de chapa metálica.
Consumer Protection under Directive 2015/2366 on Payment Services in the Internal Market – Selected Issues
Authors: Byrski Jan 
Published: February 2018

Directive 2007/64 on payment services (PSD 1) introduced protection for consumers of payment services. First and foremost, the consumer should receive the basic information required by law before and after the execution of a payment. Secondly, the consumer is made more familiar with the charges incurred when paying in shops, including online shops. Third, PSD 1 provided the protection of consumer rights in the event of unauthorised or incorrect charges to the consumer’s payment account. Fourthly, within PSD 1 the market for payment systems was opened, thus allowing entities other than banks to provide payment services. In order to protect consumers’ money, these new institutions have become subject to regulation (supervision).The European Union legislator, when establishing a new framework for the provision of payment services in the European Union (PSD 2), reached the conclusion that existing protection for the consumer – the payment service user, was insufficient. Therefore, new legal instruments protecting the consumer have been introduced. However, upon examination a conclusion has been reached that while some of the protections should be accepted, others warrant critical review.