bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis and isolation of selenoneine from genetically modified fission yeast
Authors: Turrini Nikolaus G , Kroepfl Nina , Jensen Kenneth B , Reiter Tamara C , Francesconi Kevin A , Schwerdtle Tanja , Kroutil Wolfgang , Kuehnelt Doris 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Selenoneine, a naturally occurring form of selenium, is the selenium analogue of ergothioneine, a sulfur species with health relevance not only as a purported antioxidant but likely also beyond. Selenoneine has been speculated to exhibit similar effects. To study selenoneine's health properties as well as its metabolic transformation, the pure compound is required. Chemical synthesis of selenoneine, however, is challenging and biosynthetic approaches have been sought. We herein report the biosynthesis and isolation of selenoneine from genetically modified fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe grown in a medium containing sodium selenate. After cell lysis and extraction with methanol, selenoneine was purified by three consecutive preparative reversed-phase HPLC steps. The product obtained at the mg level was characterised by high resolution mass spectrometry, NMR and HPLC/ICPMS. Biosynthesis was found to be a promising alternative to chemical synthesis, and should be suitable for upscaling to produce higher amounts of this important selenium species in the future.
Long-time resistivity monitoring of a freshwater/saltwater transition zone using the vertical electrode system SAMOS
Authors: Grinat Michael , Epping Dieter , Meyer Robert 
Published: September 2018

In September 2009 two newly developed vertical electrode systems were installed in boreholes in the water catchment areas Waterdelle and Ostland at the North Sea island Borkum to monitor possible changes of the transition zone between the freshwater lens and the underlying saltwater. The vertical electrode systems, which were both installed between 44 m and 65 m below ground level, are used for geoelectrical multi-electrode measurements carried out automatically several times per day; the measurements are still ongoing. The whole system consisting of a vertical electrode system in a borehole and the measuring unit at ground level is called SAMOS (Saltwater Monitoring System).At both locations the data show a clear resistivity decrease that indicates the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater. The depth of the transition zone as well as the kind of resistivity decrease is very stable since 2010.Temporal changes are visible if single depths are considered. In 2015 Miriam Ibenthal used a vertical 2D density-dependent groundwater flow model to explain the long-term resistivity measurements and showed that the temporal changes at CLIWAT 2 (Ostland) could be explained by variations of the groundwater level, changing groundwater recharge rates and changing pumping rates of the nearby located drinking water supply wells.
Association of Irisin Circulating Level with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Tarboush Nafez Abu , Abu-Yaghi Nakhleh E , Al Ejeilat Laith H , Wahed Rawand K. Abdel , Jeris Issa N 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObesity and obesity induced type 2 diabetes development and progression have been associated with sedentary lifestyle. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine, has been demonstrated at lower levels in obese and type 2 diabetes patients compared to controls. The main aim of this study is to explore association of Irisin with diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of 233 healthy and adults participated in this study. Participants were divided into four categories: a healthy control group and an age-match subset of patients with type 2 diabetes; a positive control group of patients with type 2 diabetes not affected by DR (No DR); and patients with type 2 diabetes affected by DR (non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR)). Plasma samples were quantified for Irisin measurement, lipid profile and HbA1c. Comparison of the age-matched groups of healthy controls and patients with type 2 diabetes revealed lower Irisin plasma level in type 2 diabetes group. Analyses revealed negative correlations of Irisin to HbA1c and LDL levels and positive correlation to HDL level. Comparing Irisin level in No DR and DR groups revealed a higher level in No DR group and analysis per DR classification indicated higher Irisin level in NPDR group. Our results demonstrate not only correlation of plasma Irisin level with DR stages, but also significantly different Irisin level among them. This is promising in terms of researching Irisin as a potential associating marker for type 2 diabetes and DR development and progression.
Monitoring Criteria of Intracranial Lesions in Children Post Mild or Moderate Head Trauma
Authors: Boetto Sergio , Sevely Annick , Sol Jean-Christophe , Chaix Yves , Cheuret Emmanuel , Jacquet Coralie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHead injury is the most common cause of child traumatology. However, there exist no treatment guidelines in children having intracranial lesions due to minor or moderate head trauma. There is little knowledge about monitoring, clinical exacerbation risk factors, or optimal duration of hospitalization. The aim of this retrospective study is to find predictive factors in the clinical course of non-severe head trauma in children, and thus to determine an optimal management strategy. Poor clinical progress was observed in only 4 out of 113 children. When there are no clinical signs and no eating disorders, an earlier discharge is entirely appropriate. Nevertheless, persistent clinical symptoms including headache, vomiting, and late onset seizure, especially in conjunction with hemodynamic disorders such as bradycardia, present a risk of emergency neurosurgery or neurological deterioration. Special attention should be paid to extradural hematoma (EDH) of more than 10 mm, which can have the most severe consequences. Clinical aggravation does not necessarily correlate with a change in follow-up imaging. Conversely, an apparent increase in the brain lesion on the scan is not consistently linked to a pejorative outcome.
Transplantation und die Bedeutung für Konsiliar-und Liaisonpsychiatrie
Authors: Eser-Valeri D. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Organtransplantation stellt die effektivste Therapieoption bei terminalem Organversagen dar und ist häufig einzige Möglichkeit das Überleben betroffener Patienten zu sichern. Die Patienten sind nicht nur während der Wartezeit auf Transplantation, sondern auch im Rahmen des operativen Eingriffs und in der Nachsorge massiven psychischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Die Prävalenz psychiatrischer Erkrankungen ist dementsprechend vor und nach Transplantation gesteigert und geht mit einem erhöhten Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrisiko einher. Durch adäquate Diagnose und Therapie dieser Erkrankungen kann die Konsiliar- und Liaisonpsychiatrie entscheidend dazu beitragen die Lebensqualität transplantierter Patienten zu verbessern und den Transplantationserfolg zu gewährleisten. Zudem ist es häufig Aufgabe der Konsiliar- und Liaisonpsychiatrie, sowohl potenzielle Organempfänger, als auch Lebendspender hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung zur Transplantation bzw. Organspende zu evaluieren. Die psychopharmakologische Therapie nach Transplantation erfordert eine differenzierte Kenntnisse der Pharmakokinetik, Pharmakodynamik und möglicher Nebenwirkungen von Immunsuppressiva, sowie eine besondere Berücksichtigung möglicher Interaktionsprofile.
Effects of exercise on psychosocial outcomes in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wiskemann J. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an intense treatment to cure patients from leukemia or lymphoma. Prior, during, and after the transplantation procedure patients experience considerable physical, psychological and psychosocial distress. In light of the increasing number of successfully treated patients the need is growing for evidence-based adjuvant therapy options, which reduce treatment-related side effects and enhance the rehabilitation process. Due to its multidimensional effectiveness physical exercise might be a suitable intervention to counteract with HSCT-related side-effects.Twenty-nine publications could be detected within a systematic literature search. The studies suggest that exercise training is an important therapeutic approach in the supportive care for HSCT patients. Significant benefits from the exercise interventions have been reported for physical performance and psychosocial parameter like quality of life (QoL), fatigue status and distress. Several other benefits, such as a more rapid immune recovery or alleviation of therapy- related side effects have been reported in some studies. Future studies should address existing methodological problems, identify further effect levels of physical exercise therapy and integrate a long-term perspective for the participants in the context of HSCT.
Management of physical illness in mental health services
Authors: Blankenhorn D. , Kilian R. , Becker T. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThere is excess morbidity and mortality from physical illness in people with mental disorders. Problems of somatic care in this patient group comprise difficulties of access to care, problems of equity and adequate use of diagnostic procedures and interventions. There are deficits in routine screening and monitoring, e.g. of metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Measures to ensure adequate physical health care include practical steps to increase service uptake and screening, service-level change such as integrated care models, preventive health interventions and optimisation of psychotropic drug treatment to reduce risk profiles. Issues of stigma and discrimination are important, and the level of staff training and quality of professionals are likely to be pivotal in bringing about change.
Severe mental illness and diabetes mellitus Type 2
Authors: Detraux J. , Vancampfort D. , Yu W. , Correll C.U. , De Hert M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThree to four percent of the world’s population has diabetes mellitus (DM), which leads to a markedly increased risk of blindness, renal failure, amputation and cardiovascular disease, and reduces average life expectancy by 10 or more years. However, the prevalence of this severe metabolic disease among patients with severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder and major depressive disorder, is higher than in the general population and its impact on these individuals significantly greater. We reviewed the literature on what is currently known about the relationship between SMI and DM and report prevalence rates of DM type 2 as well as important individual lifestyle choices and side effects of antipsychotic and antidepressant treatment, which each account for much of the increased risk of this metabolic disease in these patients. However, the exact cause and effect relationships between the prescription of these medications and DM type 2 still remain to be elucidated.
Depression and coronary heart disease. Clinical characteristics, pathogenetic links and treatment issues
Authors: Monteleone A. M. , Steardo L. , Maj M. , Monteleone P. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIt is widely accepted that depression increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in healthy people while, in individuals with an existing heart disease, depression is a predictor of recurrent cardiac events and death. It seems that new-onset depression after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and not recurrent depression may worsen the cardiovascular outcome, and it has been suggested, although not conclusively proved, that depressive somatic symptoms, could be more cardiotoxic than depressive cognitive symptoms. Both psychosocial (low social support, less adherence to treatment recommendations, physical inactivity) and biological mechanisms (autonomic nervous system dysregulation, platelet and endothelial dysfunctions, inflammation, and neuroendocrine abnormalities) have been hypothesized to explain the link between depression and the increased risk of CHD or adverse cardiovascular prognosis. Randomized controlled clinical trials seem to suggest that depression in CHD patients is poor responsive to both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. Nevertheless, these trials provide also a robust evidence that CHD depressed patients non responder to antidepressant treatments are at greater risk of adverse cardiac event than patients with successfully treated depression. Therefore, it is advisable that psychiatrists, cardiologists and general practitioners coordinate their efforts in managing depression in CHD patients.
Bedeutung der studentischen Lehre für die Attraktivität des Faches Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie: Was müssen wir ändern, damit wir mehr Nachwuchs bekommen?
Authors: Voderholzer U. , Wündrich M. , Zielasek J. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Fach Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie wird wie viele andere medizinische Fächer in den kommenden Jahren von einem Nachwuchsmangel bedroht werden. Es müssen daher besondere Anstrengungen unternommen werden, um Studenten frühzeitig für dieses Fach zu begeistern. Hierzu sollte in der Lehre stärker das Thema Entstigmatisierung aufgegriffen werden, und es sollten die neurowissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse sowie die Fortschritte in der evidenzbasierten Therapie psychischer Erkrankungen stärker herausgestellt werden. Angesichts der zunehmenden soziökonomischen Bedeutung psychischer Erkrankungen sollte die Lehre im Fach Psychiatrie insgesamt ausgeweitet werden, wobei sich am besten drei- bis vierwöchige ganztägige Praktika empfehlen, am besten mit Integration neuer Lehrmethoden wie Simulationspatienten und auch OSCE-Prüfungen. Auch die praktischen Vorteile einer Tätigkeit im Bereich der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie im Vergleich mit anderen Fächern sollten bereits in der Ausbildung stärker vermittelt werden. Eine Qualitätssicherung durch systematische Lehr-Evaluation ist unerlässlich.
Wie gewinnen wir unseren Nachwuchs?: Der Züricher Studienschwerpunkt Psychiatrie und das Weiterbildungskonzept Ärztliche Psychotherapie
Authors: Rufer M. , Gerke W. , Schnyder U. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der Schweiz kann der Bedarf an Psychiatern seit Jahren nur mittels ausländischer Kollegen gedeckt werden. Initiativen zur Förderung des Nachwuchses sind dringend notwendig, auch angesichts der weltweiten Zunahme an psychischen Erkrankungen. Zwei Projekte zur Nachwuchsförderung werden in diesem Artikel vorgestellt, von denen eines im Medizinstudium und das andere in der Facharztweiterbildung ansetzt. Im Zürcher Studienschwerpunkt Psychiatrie werden den Studierenden Kenntnisse und Schlüsselkompetenzen für das Fach Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie bereits zu einem sehr frühen Zeitpunkt vermittelt. Damit wird die Möglichkeit geschaffen, dass sich die Studierenden ein eigenes Bild von den klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Aspekten dieses Fachgebietes machen. – Im Weiterbildungskonzept Ärztliche Psychotherapie werden in ein modellspezifisches Weiterbildungsprogramm (kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisch, psychodynamisch oder systemisch) systematisch modellübergreifende Elemente integriert, was den Alltagsanforderungen an Assistenzärzte weit mehr entspricht als eine rein modellspezifische Weiterbildung. Beide Projekte haben zum Ziel, die Attraktivität des Fachgebietes der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie zu erhöhen und damit einen Beitrag zur Nachwuchsförderung zu leisten.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis
Authors: Garety P. A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryCognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis (CBTp), with its theoretical underpinning derived from cognitive models of psychosis, is described. The therapeutic approach is elucidated, in terms of goals, techniques, content and style. Adjustments of the therapy to address the particular problems of psychosis, including building a therapeutic relationship and matching cognitive capacities, are highlighted. The extensive evidence for the effectiveness of CBTp is reviewed and methodological issues in trials noted. The evidence shows that CBTp has small to medium effects on a range of outcomes, including symptoms, affect and functioning, and that the evidence is most consistent for improvements in people with persistent positive symptoms. New developments in CBTp are described, and the promise of developing focused treatments targeting specific psychological processes, such as reasoning or emotional processes, hypothesized as causal mechanisms of distressing symptom persistence. Finally, to support implementation of CBTp in practice, it is concluded that there is a need for dissemination programs, addressing staff attitudes and skills and wider system changes.
Reviving oncogenic addiction to MET bypassed by BRAF (G469A) mutation
Authors: Virzì Anna Rita , Gentile Alessandra , Benvenuti Silvia , Comoglio Paolo M. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Genetic alterations of two oncogenes occur frequently in cancers; however, silencing of an oncogenic driver by activation of a second oncogene has never been described. Here we report the case of a cancer carrying alterations of two oncogenes residing on the same pathway; namely, MET amplification and BRAF mutation. Surprisingly, the pharmacological blockade of BRAF had no effect, as it was followed by MET reactivation: Mechanistic studies unraveled the existence of a previously unknown negative feedback inhibition of MET by BRAF. This phenomenon provides evidence for a mechanism of resistance to therapy against a single-target oncogene.
Dedifferentiation of caudate functional connectivity and striatal dopamine transporter density predict memory change in normal aging
Authors: Rieckmann Anna , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Buckner Randy L. , Hedden Trey 
Published: September 2018

Significance
The biological changes associated with cognitive decline in aging are complex. Age-related changes in the striatum have been hypothesized as potentially important for predicting declining memory function over the adult life span, but empirical support for this hypothesis is sparse. We provide evidence from human fMRI and PET data for the association of age-related differences in striatal function to memory decline. A reduction of specificity (i.e., dedifferentiation) in functional coupling between the caudate and regions of the default network predicted memory decline over subsequent years in older adults. An age-related reduction in density of presynaptic striatal dopamine transporters also predicted memory decline but was unrelated to functional dedifferentiation, suggesting that relations between age-related changes in striatal functions and memory are multifaceted.
Hippocampal CA1 gamma power predicts the precision of spatial memory judgments
Authors: Stevenson Rebecca F. , Zheng Jie , Mnatsakanyan Lilit , Vadera Sumeet , Knight Robert T. , Lin Jack J. , Yassa Michael A. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Spatial memory is critical to every facet of our lives. The hippocampus is known to play a prominent role in the formation and retrieval of spatial memories; however, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Using electrophysiology recordings from presurgical epilepsy patients implanted with depth electrodes, we measured high-frequency neural activity from the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We found associations between increased high-frequency activity and the precision of spatial memory retrieval. These data suggest that local processing within the CA1 subfield and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex underlie the quality of retrieved spatial memories.
Molecular mechanisms of the interhead coordination by interhead tension in cytoplasmic dyneins
Authors: Wang Qian , Jana Biman , Diehl Michael R. , Cheung Margaret S. , Kolomeisky Anatoly B. , Onuchic José N. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Cell physiology strongly depends on motor proteins to transport and regulate the intracellular distributions of key materials and organelles. Cytoplasmic dynein, one of the most important biological motors in living cells, is an efficient retrograde motor due to its ability to step continuously along microtubule filaments. Dynein has two identical domains that are coordinated by interhead tension. However, the molecular mechanism of this coordination is not understood. By combining computer simulations with analytical calculations, we show that the interhead tension creates opposite torques on the leading and trailing heads, crucial for the coordination between the heads. Our finding provides a molecular basis for understanding the functionality of cytoplasmic dynein.
Association Between Executive Functioning and Functional Impairment Among Pediatric Cancer Survivors and Controls
Authors: Erickson Sarah J , Hile Sarah , Rieger Rebecca E , Moss Natalia C , Dinces Sarah , Annett Robert D 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
To examine the impact of cancer treatment upon neurocognitive and functional impairment; and to explore the relationship between these constructs in pediatric cancer survivors compared to controls.

Method
A cross-sectional cohort of survivors (n = 26) and controls (n = 53) was included. Survivors were off treatment an average of 6.35 years (SD = 5.38; range 1–15 years) and demonstrated an average “medium” Central Nervous System (CNS) treatment intensity score. Participants completed measures of neurocognitive functions including intellectual assessment (RIST) and executive functions (NIH Examiner), while parents reported on children’s functional impairment (BIS).

Results
Survivors were similar to controls in neurocognitive ability, including intellectual and executive functions, and functional impairment. Regardless of group membership, NIH Examiner performance and functional impairment increased with age. Increased impairment was associated with different neurocognitive variables for survivors versus controls.

Conclusions
Research regarding functional impairment of cancer survivors and the association between neurocognitive deficits and functional impairment has been limited. Our results demonstrate that, while low treatment intensity may confer relative sparing of neurocognitive and executive functioning among survivors, functional impairment continues to be a potential risk. In conclusion, pediatric cancer survivors should be screened for functional difficulties, particularly in the areas of interpersonal relations and self-care.
Protein–peptide docking using CABS-dock and contact information
Authors: Blaszczyk Maciej , Ciemny Maciej Pawel , Kolinski Andrzej , Kurcinski Mateusz , Kmiecik Sebastian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

CABS-dock is a computational method for protein–peptide molecular docking that does not require predefinition of the binding site. The peptide is treated as fully flexible, while the protein backbone undergoes small fluctuations and, optionally, large-scale rearrangements. Here, we present a specific CABS-dock protocol that enhances the docking procedure using fragmentary information about protein–peptide contacts. The contact information is used to narrow down the search for the binding peptide pose to the proximity of the binding site. We used information on a single-chosen and randomly chosen native protein–peptide contact to validate the protocol on the peptiDB benchmark. The contact information significantly improved CABS-dock performance. The protocol has been made available as a new feature of the CABS-dock web server (at http://biocomp.chem.uw.edu.pl/CABSdock/).

Short abstract
CABS-dock is a tool for flexible docking of peptides to proteins. In this article, we present a protocol for CABS-dock docking driven by information about protein–peptide contact(s). Using information on individual protein–peptide contacts allows to improve the accuracy of CABS-dock docking.