bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linked color imaging enhances endoscopic detection of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps
Authors: Fujimoto Daisaku , Muguruma Naoki , Okamoto Koichi , Fujino Yasuteru , Kagemoto Kaizo , Okada Yasuyuki , Takaoka Yoshifumi , Mitsui Yasuhiro , Kitamura Shinji , Kimura Tetsuo , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Bando Yoshimi , Sonoda Tomoko , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Although new image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) technologies such as blue laser imaging (BLI), BLI-bright, and linked color imaging (LCI) have been developed, their utility for the detection of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of BLI, BLI-bright, and LCI for SSA/P detection in still image examinations and in a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Patients and methods A group of 6 expert and non-expert endoscopists read 200 endoscopic still images containing SSA/P lesions using white light image (WLI), BLI, BLI-bright, and LCI. Color differences were calculated using the color space method. A prospective RCT of tandem colonoscopy with WLI and LCI was performed. Patients with SSA/P and those with a history of SSA/P that had been endoscopically removed were enrolled and randomly allocated to WLI-LCI or LCI-WLI groups. Additional endoscopic detection rates for SSA/P were compared between the 2 groups.
Results LCI showed the highest SSA/P detection rate among the 4 modes for both expert and non-expert endoscopists. The detection rate with LCI for the 6 expert endoscopists (mean 98.3 ± standard deviation 2.0 %) was significantly higher than that with WLI (86.7 ± 6.0 %, P < 0.01). Likewise, the detection rate with LCI for the 6 non-expert endoscopists (92.3 ± 2.9 %) was significantly higher than that with WLI (72.7 ± 11.5 %, P < 0.01). The color difference of SSA/P with LCI was the highest among the 4 modes, and was significantly higher than with WLI (median 15.9, (interquartile range 13.7 – 20.6) vs. 10.2, (7.6 – 14.2); P < 0.0001). In the RCT, a total of 44 patients (WLI-LCI 22 vs. LCI-WLI 22) underwent colonoscopy. The additional detection rate for SSA/P in the second inspection in the WLI-LCI group (21.6 %, 8/37) was significantly higher than in the LCI-WLI group (3.2 %, 1/31; P = 0.02). The small, flat, non-mucus and isochromatic SSA/Ps in the transverse colon were detected more frequently in the second inspection with LCI.
Conclusions LCI was the most sensitive mode for SSA/P detection among WLI, BLI, BLI-bright, and LCI in the still image examinations. Our RCT strongly suggests that LCI is superior to conventional WLI for SSA/P detection during colonoscopy. UMIN000017599.
Im Wandel der Zeit
Authors: Beister Bianca , Quensel Tom , Zilezinski Max 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Berufseinsteiger auf der Intensivstation Zur Nachwuchsförderung in der
Intensivpflege hat die Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin im Jahr 2012 ein
Trainee-Programm gestartet. Jetzt liegen erste Resümees der Teilnehmer vor.
Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging for gastric heterotopic pancreas
Authors: Oh Heetaek , Kim Gwang , Lee Moon , Jeon Hye , Baek Dong , Lee Bong 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Heterotopic pancreas is a common subepithelial lesion in the stomach. However, its histological diagnosis is difficult when tissue samples are obtained with a conventional biopsy forceps. This study aimed to describe the magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) features of gastric heterotopic pancreas.
Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed a database of all patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) at Pusan National University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2010. Thirty-six patients with endosonographically diagnosed heterotopic pancreas who underwent ME-NBI and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) simultaneously were studied. The ME-NBI features of their lesions were analyzed.
Results Thirty lesions were located in the antrum and six in the body. Six lesions (17 %) showed umbilication or central dimpling on the surface, and nine (25 %) had a macroscopic opening on the surface. On ME-NBI, a microscopic opening was identified in 22 (81 %) of 27 lesions wherein a macroscopic opening was not observed during conventional endoscopy. Macroscopic or microscopic opening was observed in 31 lesions (86 %). The frequency of macroscopic or microscopic opening was higher in lesions with anechoic duct-like structures than in lesions without such structures on EUS (91 % [29/32] vs 50 % [2/4], P = 0.027). Focal loss of microsurface structure and presence of a thickened submucosal vessel were observed in 6 (17 %) and 5 lesions (14 %), respectively.
Conclusions The characteristic ME-NBI feature of heterotopic pancreas is presence of a microscopic opening on its surface. This ME-NBI feature is potentially useful for differentiating heterotopic pancreas from other gastric subepithelial tumors.
Externally Acquired Radiological Image Data and Reporting for the Clinical Routine, Conference and Boards – Legal Aspects of the Second Opinion in Germany
Authors: Schreyer Andreas , Rosenberg Britta , Steinhäuser René 
Published: March 2018

Background Because of an increasing number of boards and conferences, the number of second opinion readings of externally acquired image data is growing dramatically. In this review article we intend to give medical and legal recommendations for the documentation and interpretation of externally acquired radiological data for second opinions and board presentations based on German jurisdiction.
Method Using the FAQ format as a dialog between radiologists and medical legal experts, we answer the most crucial questions regarding correct documentation and interpretation for externally acquired radiological image data based on an up-to-date literature search.
Results Based on the unity of radiological image data and the corresponding written report according to the radiation protection law, the primary report should be present when composing a second opinion. If the primary external report is not present, this should be mentioned as a limitation. All radiological second opinions should be documented in written form. This is especially important in cases of discrepant findings. Legally, the attending physician is responsible for selecting the radiological opinion. The radiologist should not rely on the written primary report without personal reevaluation. Legally, it would be considered radiological malpractice if the external image data and previous image data are not evaluated personally.
Conclusion From a legal point of view, there are explicit recommendations regarding thorough documentation of a second opinion as an independent medical service in all cases.
Key Points
Citation Format
Nongenetic origins of cell-to-cell variability in B lymphocyte proliferation
Authors: Mitchell Simon , Roy Koushik , Zangle Thomas A. , Hoffmann Alexander 
Published: March 2018

Significance
This study addresses why splenic B lymphocytes show differential cell proliferation and death decisions, and whether these may be predictable. Biology provides examples of both stochastic decision making and highly deterministic developmental programs. Prior studies of B lymphocytes suggested these cells make stochastic decisions, but the key experiment—long-term tracing of individual cell lineages—has not been done. Overcoming the technical challenges, we found that B cell fate decisions are largely nonstochastic. Using a mathematical model, we found that they are predictable, as long as the state of the molecular network in founder cells is known. That allowed us to identify the molecular determinants of proliferative fate decisions, which potentially constitute novel drug targets and biomarkers for B cell-mediated diseases.
Ingestion of coffee polyphenols suppresses deterioration of skin barrier function after barrier disruption, concomitant with the modulation of autonomic nervous system activity in healthy subjects
Authors: Kagawa Daiji , Fujii Akihiko , Ohtsuka Mayumi , Murase Takatoshi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of coffee polyphenols (CPPs) on the autonomic nervous system activity and decreased skin barrier function caused by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment. In this single-blind, placebo-controlled study, ten healthy male subjects consumed either a beverage containing CPPs or a placebo beverage for four weeks. CPPs significantly suppressed the deterioration in skin barrier function and skin moisture content induced by SDS treatment after the third week. Furthermore, in the heart rate variability analysis, CPPs significantly produced an increase in parasympathetic nervous activity, and a decrease in sympathetic nervous activity after the four weeks of beverage consumption. These results suggest that CPPs might influence the regulation of the autonomic nervous system and contribute to the suppressive effect on deterioration of skin barrier function.
Synthesis and inhibitory activity of deoxy-d-allose amide derivative against plant growth
Authors: Chowdhury Md Tazul Islam , Ando Hikaru , Yanagita Ryo C , Kawanami Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
1,2,6-Trideoxy-6-amido-d-allose derivative was synthesized and found to exhibit higher growth-inhibitory activity against plants than the corresponding deoxy-d-allose ester, which indicates that an amide group at C-6 of the deoxy-d-allose amide enhances inhibitory activity. In addition, the mode of action of the deoxy-d-allose amide was significantly different from that of d-allose which inhibits gibberellin signaling. Co-addition of gibberellin GA3 restored the growth of rice seedlings inhibited by the deoxy-d-allose amide, suggesting that it might inhibit biosynthesis of gibberellins in plants to induce growth inhibition.
Fairy chemicals – a candidate for a new family of plant hormones and possibility of practical use in agriculture*
Authors: Kawagishi Hirokazu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
2-Azahypoxanthine (AHX, 1) and imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA, 2) were isolated from a fairy-ring forming fungus Lepista sordida. AHX was converted into a metabolite, 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH, 3), in plants. Afterward, it turned out that these three compounds, fairy chemicals (FSc), endogenously exist in plants and are biosynthesized via a new purine metabolic pathway. Furthermore, FCs increased the yields of rice, wheat and other crops in the filled experiments.
Are Cardiovascular Risk Factors Stronger Predictors of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in U.S. Adults With Versus Without a History of Clinical Depression?
Authors: Polanka Brittanny M , Berntson Jessica , Vrany Elizabeth A , Stewart Jesse C 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Several mechanisms underlying the depression-to-cardiovascular disease (CVD) relationship have been proposed; however, few studies have examined whether depression promotes CVD through potentiating traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Purpose
To test the combined influence of three cardiovascular risk factors and lifetime depressive disorder on incident CVD in a large, diverse, and nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.

Methods
Respondents were 26,840 adults without baseline CVD who participated in Waves 1 (2001–2002) and 2 (2004–2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Lifetime depressive disorder, tobacco use, hypertension, and incident CVD were determined from structured interviews, and body mass index (BMI) was computed from self-reported height and weight.

Results
Logistic regression models predicting incident CVD (1,046 cases) revealed evidence of moderation, as the interactions between lifetime depressive disorder and current tobacco use (p = .002), hypertension (p < .001), and BMI (p = .031) were significant. The Former Tobacco Use × Lifetime Depressive Disorder interaction was not significant (p = .85). In models stratified by lifetime depressive disorder, current tobacco use (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.36–2.32, p < .001 vs. OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.24–1.60, p < .001), hypertension (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.98–3.07, p < .001 vs. OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.28–1.51, p < .001), and BMI (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01–1.20, p = .031 vs. OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.99–1.07, p = .16) were stronger predictors of incident CVD in adults with versus without a lifetime depressive disorder.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that amplifying the atherogenic effects of traditional cardiovascular risk factors may be yet another candidate mechanism that helps to explain the excess CVD risk of people with depression.
Sensitive and robust assessment of ChIP-seq read distribution using a strand-shift profile
Authors: Nakato Ryuichiro , Shirahige Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) can detect read-enriched DNA loci for point-source (e.g. transcription factor binding) and broad-source factors (e.g. various histone modifications). Although numerous quality metrics for ChIP-seq data have been developed, the ‘peaks’ thus obtained are still difficult to assess with respect to signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and the percentage of false positives.

Results
We developed a quality-assessment tool for ChIP-seq data, strand-shift profile (SSP), which quantifies S/N and peak reliability without peak calling. We validated SSP in-depth using  ≥ 1000 publicly available ChIP-seq datasets along with virtual data to demonstrate that SSP provides a quantifiable and sensitive score to different S/Ns for both point- and broad-source factors, which can be standardized across diverse cell types and read depths. SSP also provides an effective criterion to judge whether a specific normalization or a rejection is required for each sample, which cannot be estimated by quality metrics currently available. Finally, we show that ‘hidden-duplicate reads’ cause aberrantly high S/Ns, and SSP provides an additional metric to avoid them, which can also contribute to estimation of peak mode (point- or broad-source) of samples.

Availability and implementation
SSP is open source software written in C++ and can be downloaded at https://github.com/rnakato/SSP.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Malignancy and Mortality in Pediatric-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aardoom Martine A , Joosse Maria E , de Vries Andrica C H , Levine Arie , de Ridder Lissy 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Cancer and death are the most severe outcomes that affect patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These outcomes are even more severe if they occur at a young age but are rare, even in the general population. We conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of all reported pediatric (PIBD) patients with severe outcome.

Methods
A literature search identified publications that reported development of cancer or fatal outcome in PIBD patients. Studies were eligible for inclusion when (1) article written in English, (2) original data, (3) individual patient information, (4) full text available, (5) study population consisting of patients diagnosed with IBD under the age of 19 years, and (6) who developed malignancy or fatality at any point later in life.

Results
A total of 98 included studies comprised data of 271 PIBD patients who developed cancer and/or fatal outcome at any point later in life. Meta-analysis demonstrated an increased risk for cancer in PIBD patients (pooled standardized incidence ratio 2.23, 95% CI: 1.98–2.52). The most frequent type of non-fatal cancer was lymphoma, whereas colorectal carcinomas were the most frequently reported type of fatal cancer in PIBD patients and were particularly associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis. The majority of patients with noncancer-related fatal outcomes were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and most often died due to infectious complications or severe disease-associated complications.

Conclusions
The data in this review confirm that PIBD associated malignancy and mortality are rare and detailed clinical characteristics are limited. Prospective and international collaborations are needed to obtain more detailed patient-specific information, which is necessary to investigate the relationship between severe outcomes in PIBD patients and the currently used therapeutic strategies.
Small-scale fishing income and fuel consumption: Fiji’s artisanal sea cucumber fishery
Authors: Purcell Steven W , Lalavanua Watisoni , Cullis Brian R , Cocks Nicole 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Understanding the income and costs of fishing is fundamental to managing fisheries and planning interventions to improve efficiency and gender equity. Few studies offer data on fisher incomes and fuel use in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and fewer have assessed factors influencing variation among fishers and between genders. We interviewed 235 artisanal fishers among 34 island villages in an artisanal sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of geographic and socioeconomic variables on incomes and fuel use from fishing sea cucumbers. Net income of sea cucumbers to fishers, averaging FJ$8, 171 year−1 (US$4, 494 year−1) (range: FJ$0–52,008 year−1), varied among villages and was 47% lower for women than men. On an average, 60% of fishers’ gross annual income came from fishing and selling sea cucumbers, although this proportion varied greatly even within villages. Fishers who practised gleaning, fished less often, or possessing numerous livelihood income streams, were less economically dependent on sea cucumbers. Men tended to estimate higher incomes for an average day of fishing than women when compared with their recall of last sale. Fuel use varied greatly among regions in Fiji but, overall, averaged 428 L fisher−1 year−1, and represented 28% of gross income. More economical fishing strategies by women resulted in lower fuel use than men per fishing day. Breath-hold divers used less fuel (compared to fishers using scuba) and fishers targeting deep-water species used more fuel than other fishers. A best approximation of 8000 t CO2 year−1 for the carbon footprint of the whole fishery suggests that some SSFs, such as the one studied here, can be significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, even compared to many large-scale fisheries globally. Reforms to the management of SSFs should consider regulations that minimize carbon emissions and reduce economic dependency on vulnerable marine resources.
Analysis of the effects of EHR implementation on timeliness of care in a dermatology clinic: a simulation study
Authors: Vahdat Vahab , Griffin Jacqueline A , Stahl James E , Yang F Clarissa 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
Quantify the downstream impact on patient wait times and overall length of stay due to small increases in encounter times caused by the implementation of a new electronic health record (EHR) system.

Methods
A discrete-event simulation model was created to examine the effects of increasing the provider-patient encounter time by 1, 2, 5, or 10 min, due to an increase in in-room documentation as part of an EHR implementation. Simulation parameters were constructed from an analysis of 52 000 visits from a scheduling database and direct observation of 93 randomly selected patients to collect all the steps involved in an outpatient dermatology patient care visit.

Results
Analysis of the simulation results demonstrates that for a clinic session with an average booking appointment length of 15 min, the addition of 1, 2, 5, and 10 min for in-room physician documentation with an EHR system would result in a 5.2 (22%), 9.8 (41%), 31.8 (136%), and 87.2 (373%) minute increase in average patient wait time, and a 6.2 (12%), 11.7 (23%), 36.7 (73%), and 96.9 (193%) minute increase in length of stay, respectively. To offset the additional 1, 2, 5, or 10 min, patient volume would need to decrease by 10%, 20%, 40%, and &gt;50%, respectively.

Conclusions
Small changes to processes, such as the addition of a few minutes of extra documentation time in the exam room, can cause significant delays in the timeliness of patient care. Simulation models can assist in quantifying the downstream effects and help analyze the impact of these operational changes.
Evidence and Evidentiality in Quechua Narrative Discourse
Authors: Howard Rosaleen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter discusses the working of evidentiality in Quechua narrative performance from the central highlands of Peru. In the Quechua narratives analysed, the grammatical marking of source and status of knowledge, and discursive ways of expressing evidence for knowing what is known, are shown to vary strikingly according to performance related factors. On the one hand, narrators base discursively expressed evidence for knowledge, and the veracity and authenticity of the stories they tell, on lived experience. On the other hand, in Huamalíes Quechua the assertion of knowledge and affirmation of validity are grammatically marked by evidential, epistemic modality, and tense suffixes. Taken together, the performative dimensions of discursively expressed evidence, and grammatical choices around evidentiality, constitute the epistemological underpinning of stories about the past in Huamalíes Quechua; both are taken into account in the mixed methods approach to the analysis of Quechua narrative adopted here.
Evidentiality
Authors: Boye Kaspar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter surveys the different ways in which evidentiality is conceived of and referred to. It first outlines the history of the term evidentiality and other terms that have been associated with evidentiality. It then discusses different definitions and ways of understanding evidentiality. Most often evidentiality is defined in terms of the notion of information source or related notions. This notion has been understood as an epistemic notion, as a deictic or grounding notion and/or as having subjective and intersubjective aspects. Subsequently, the chapter discusses three distinctions that are significant to understanding information source and evidentiality, viz. distinctions pertaining to coding (coded versus non-coded), way of encoding (grammatical versus lexical encoding), and discourse prominence (discursively secondary versus discursively primary status).
Evidentiality in Tukanoan Languages
Authors: Stenzel Kristine , Gomez-Imbert Elsa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter offers a comprehensive overview of evidentiality in the Tukanoan family of northwestern Amazonia. It begins with the organization of Eastern Tukanoan evidential systems, showing their place within a larger ‘clause modality’ paradigm and in the template of finite verbs. It then outlines the semantics of the four-to-five evidential categories typically found in these systems, considers their epistemic and mirative extensions, and discusses the coding of person and tense/aspect distinctions in the varied morphosyntactic realizations of evidentials as bound affixes or analytic constructions. The expression of evidential values in interrogatives, and observations on special cognitive contexts and speakers’ awareness of and attitudes towards evidentiality are then addressed. A final section discusses evidentiality in Western Tukanoan languages and its diachronic development as a defining feature within the Eastern branch.