bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated Forecast for TRAPPIST-1 Times of Transit for All Seven Exoplanets Incorporating JWST Data
Authors: Agol Eric , Allen Natalie H. , Benneke Björn , Delrez Laetitia , Doyon René , Ducrot Elsa , Espinoza Néstor , Gressier Amélie , Lafrenière David , Lim Olivia , Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Piaulet-Ghorayeb Caroline , Radica Michael , Rustamkulov Zafar , Sotzen Kristin S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The TRAPPIST-1 system has been extensively observed with JWST in the near-infrared with the goal of detecting atmospheric transit transmission spectra of these temperate, Earth-sized exoplanets. A byproduct has been much more precise times of transit compared with prior available data from Spitzer, Hubble Space Telescope, or ground-based telescopes. In this note we use 23 new timing measurements of all seven planets in the near-infrared from five JWST observing programs to better forecast and constrain the future times of transit in this system. In particular, we note that the transit times of TRAPPIST-1h have drifted significantly from a prior published analysis by up to tens of minutes. Our newer forecast has a higher precision, with uncertainties ranging from 7 to 105 s during JWST Cycles 4 and 5. This forecast will help to improve planning of future observations of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, while we postpone a full dynamical analysis to future work.
Le patrimoine au singulier
Authors: Isnart Cyril 
Published: October 2024

Les conceptions holistes constituent un paradigme classique de la patrimonialisation et renvoient à la construction de collectifs, de taille variable, qui mobilisent différents niveaux de prise de décision patrimoniale afin de défendre leur projet de reconnaissance culturelle. Même s’il participe à ces jeux d’échelles territoriales et sociales, l’ultime échelon, l’individu, est rarement pris en compte dans la littérature. En revenant sur le chantier co-dirigé avec Sylvie Sagnes sur les « sauveurs culturels », cette contribution tente de montrer tout l’intérêt, pour l’anthropologie du patrimoine, d’une articulation entre une lecture holiste classique et l’approche par les individus.
Regulation and Dynamics of IFN-β Expression Revealed with a Knockin Reporter Mouse
Authors: Parekh Nikhil J , Winship Damion , Van Dis Erik , Stetson Daniel B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
IFN-β is a potent antiviral cytokine and the first member of the type I IFN family of cytokines to be induced during the antiviral response. IFN-β plays an essential protective role in host defense against virus infections, as well as a pathogenic role in numerous autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. However, contemporary tools to study the induction, kinetics, and behavior of IFN-β are lacking. In this study, we describe a knockin Ifnb-IRES-TdTomato-Cre reporter mouse to track IFN-β–expressing cells. We demonstrate pathway-specific induction of the TdTomato reporter and show that the linked Cre recombinase enables permanent marking of cells that express IFN-β. We identify a robust MAVS-dependent IFN-β response in lung epithelial cells following Sendai virus infection in vivo. Finally, we find that activation of RNase L in macrophages by RNA ligands of the RIG-I–like receptors prevents protein translation of IFN-β and the TdTomato reporter. Our mouse model provides a powerful tool to study the biology of type I IFN induction and the antiviral response.
Employment challenges for persons with visual impairment in Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Uiras Kelao , Paulse Nisha A. , Murangi Annelisa , Hlatywayo Clifford K. 
Published: October 2024

Background: The greatest challenge for persons with disabilities is that of securing and maintaining employment, because of the limitations associated with being visually impaired.Objectives: This study aims to explore the employment challenges of securing and maintaining employment faced by persons with visual impairments.Method: A qualitative research approach with an exploratory research design was employed. A non-probability sampling method using the snowball sampling technique was adopted. A semi-structured interview was conducted with a total of n = 9 participants, and the data were analysed using the thematic analysis method.Results: The findings indicate that persons with visual impairment continue to face adverse challenges, especially in the quest of securing employment. Discrimination, isolation, rejection and lack of recognition are key issues that continue to persist in their life experiences, from the tertiary to post-tertiary level.Conclusion: Persons with visual impairment need continued support from various stakeholders as far as employment opportunities are concerned. There is a need to sensitise stakeholders, at all levels, on the challenges encountered by persons with visual impairment in their employment journey for effective inclusion and diversity management.Contribution: The findings can aid in the development of an all-round model of support and optimal functioning for persons with visual impairment from grassroots level to post-tertiary education and in workplaces.
The teacher’s role in teaching reading comprehension skills to Grade 9 English Home Language learners
Authors: Sibanda Mandlenkosi , Dippenaar Hanlie , Swart Amanda 
Published: October 2024

Background: The high number of poor-performing learners in reading comprehension in South African schools is a concerning factor that calls for studies to mitigate this problem. The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) of 2021 indicates that about 81% of South African Grade 4 learners who participated, failed to reach the required benchmark in the test. Research indicates that teachers are not conversant with theory and explicit teaching of reading comprehension strategies.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role played by teachers in developing Grade 9 learners’ reading comprehension skills in English Home Language and establishing which reading comprehension skills and strategies are taught to learners.Method: This study used a qualitative approach. Four data sets were utilised to collect data including a document analysis, a questionnaire for learners, interviews with teachers of English and lesson observations.Results: The findings of the study show that there is little guidance on how to teach reading comprehension skills. It also emerged that instead of teaching reading comprehension skills, teachers merely ‘test’ learners’ answering skills.Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a need for re-training and assisting teachers in explicitly teaching reading comprehension skills to learners. Learners may benefit from the enhanced expertise of teachers and become more proficient in reading comprehension.Contribution: The study has provided invaluable insights into the current teaching practice of comprehension skills with actionable insights for teachers, teacher educators, and policymakers to support learners’ academic success and bridge the gap between praxis and theory.
Quantitative Analysis of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Rat Urine by High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Bhalchim Vrushali , Undale Vaishali , Shewale Sunil , Neve Vrushali , Tambe Pratima , Mante Nishant 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is a metabolite of serotonin, a neurotransmitter primarily associated with regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. When serotonin is broken down in the body, it forms 5-HIAA, which is then excreted in urine. Quantification of 5-HIAA levels in urine is often used as a diagnostic tool for certain conditions, particularly carcinoid tumors, which can produce excess serotonin. Elevated levels of 5-HIAA in urine can indicate increased serotonin production, which may be indicative of carcinoid tumors or other conditions affecting serotonin metabolism. However, there is limited work on employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–ultraviolet to estimate monoamines in biological samples.

Aim and Objectives:
The present study explores the detection of 5-HIAA in rat urine samples, developing an easy, precise validated HPLC method.

Materials and Methods:
Mobile phase combination acetonitrile and o-phosphoric acid in the ratio of 30:70% v/v and flow rate 0.5 mL/min was able to separate 5-HIAA distinctly.

Results:
The detection was observed at λmax 277 nm with better sensitivity. According to the parameters indicated in the international council for harmonisation of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use guidelines (Q2A; Q2B), the procedure was verified. The linearity range was selected from 20 to 45 μg/mL, r
2 = 0.992, limit of detection (4.65 μg/mL), limit of quantification (15.52 μg/mL), retention time (6.3 min).

Conclusion:
The technique has demonstrated that it is repeatable and recoverable within the given range. Thus can be used for routine analysis of 5-HIAA in urine samples.
Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions in Extremes of Age Group Reported to a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Lella Meenakshi , Kambar Chandrakala , Vemu Susmitha , Subhashini P. Kamala , Gujjarlamudi Hima Bindu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The World Health Organization (WHO), defined adverse drug reactions (ADRs) as “any noxious and unintended response to a drug, which occurs at doses normally used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of the disease or for the modification of physiological functions.” Pediatrics (≤12 years) and geriatrics (≥65 years) are the extreme age groups that are more vulnerable for ADRs.

Aim and Objectives:
To determine ADRs time-plausible relationship, clinical spectrum, causality, and severity in extreme age group patients.

Materials and Methods:
All the ADRs reported to ADR monitoring center among geriatrics and pediatrics patients after Institutional Ethics Committee approval were collected from January 2015 to July 2022. The collected reports were analyzed for ADR pattern, drug groups, Causality (as per WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre scale) and severity (Modified Hartwig scale).

Results:
Out of 4705 ADRs, 176 (3.74%) were reported in geriatric and 181 (3.84%) in pediatric patients. In geriatric patients, anti-neoplastic drugs followed by cardiovascular drugs were the most commonly implicated drugs, erythematous rash and dyspnea were the most common ADRs. Erythematous rash and diarrhea were the most commonly ADRs and immunological agents followed by antimicrobials were implicated drugs in pediatric patients. In geriatric patients 84.1% were mild, 14.8% moderate, and 1.1% severe reactions whereas in pediatric group 91.2% were mild, 8.3% moderate, and 0.5% severe ADRs. Two cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis and one case of Steven–Johnson syndrome were reported in geriatric and pediatric patients respectively. Causality assessment of the majority of ADRs in geriatric age group was possible (79.5%) and in pediatric age group it was probable (61.3%).

Conclusion:
Extreme age group populations are more vulnerable to ADRs due to comorbidities, polypharmacy and drug interactions in elderly people and immature hepatobiliary and renal systems in pediatric age. Hence, active surveillance of drugs and education of prescribers will help to minimize the risk of ADRs in this susceptible population.
A Prospective Observational Study on the Clinical Spectrum of Acute Pancreatitis in the Department of General Medicine in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Chandu Uppalapati Mohan , Bathul Shaik Shafiqua , Karthik Ponnekanti , Sai Maddineni Ganesh Siva , Sadiq Shaik Muhammad , Rani P. S. Usha , Chandrika P. Tabitha R. J. , Nadendla Rama Rao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, which can be life-threatening. It is characterized by sudden-onset abdominal pain, elevated pancreatic enzymes, and potential involvement of multiple organs.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective observational study over a 6-month period. A total of 121 subjects were included, comprising 116 males (95.87%) and 5 females (4.13%). Most subjects fell within the age group of 26–35 (36.36%). Alcohol emerged as a major etiological factor, accounting for 101 cases (83.4%).

Results:
During the first 4 weeks of admission, patients developed various complications such as acute fluid collection (43.13%), ascites (33.33%), gastrointestinal disturbances (15.6%), necrotizing pancreatitis (5.88%) and pleural effusion (5.88%).

Conclusion:
Abdominal pain was the most common clinical manifestation across all age groups. We assessed severity using the Bedside Index of Severity in AP scoring scale and Ranson’s scoring scale, with the majority of subjects classified as being at mild risk. In addition, serum lipase proved to be an accurate biomarker for diagnosing AP. Interestingly, the alleviation of abdominal pain was independent of pancreatin administration.
Antiosteoporosis and bone protective effect of alpinumisoflavone in steroid-induced osteoporosis rats via alteration of apoptosis, inflammatory and RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway
Authors: Lian Jie , Qu Jun-Long , Zhao Guo-Wei , Ji Xu-Biao 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
To estimate the bone protective effect of alpinumisoflavone, a natural prenylated isoflavonoid, against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats.

Methods:
Male Wistar rats received intramuscular administration of dexamethasone (4 mg/mL) at a dose level of 7 mg/kg for 5 weeks, and then alpinumisoflavone (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) and alendronate (2 mg/kg) from 2 weeks. The body weight and organ weight (femoral, vagina, and uterus) were estimated. MicroCT analysis, bone turnover markers, bone parameters, oxidative stress parameters, and inflammatory cytokines were estimated. mRNA expressions of related genes were also estimated.

Results:
Alpinumisoflavone remarkably boosted body weight and organ weight (ureters and vagina), improved microCT analysis parameters, and boosted levels of bone markers. Besides, alpinumisoflavone considerably (P<0.001) restored the level of bone turnover markers and oxidative stress parameters, remarkably suppressed the level of cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased transforming growth factor-β and insulin-like growth factor. It also significantly restored the osteoprotegerin (OPG, RANKL, and OPG/RANKL ratio) levels and the mRNA expression of Caspase (3, 6, 7, 9), BMPs, OPN, ALP, RUNX2, and OCN.

Conclusions:
The current result suggests the bone protective effect of alpinumisoflavone against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats.
Geraniol alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in mice
Authors: Karim Shahid , Shaik Rasheed A. 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
To explore the effect of geraniol on cyclophosphamide- induced cardiotoxicity.

Methods:
Mice were divided into five groups: the control group, the cyclophosphamide group (200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, i.p. on day 7), the group treated with geraniol 100 and 200 mg/kg from day 1 to day 14, along with a single dose of cyclophosphamide on day 7, and the geraniol alone group (200 mg/kg geraniol from day 1 to day 14). At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed, and blood and heart were collected and analyzed for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes.

Results:
Treatment with 200 mg/kg geraniol significantly reduced the levels of cardiac injury markers, malondialdehyde, and inflammatory and apoptotic markers, while increasing antioxidant activities in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. Moreover, it remarkably alleviated histopathological aberrations in cardiac tissue.

Conclusions:
Geraniol attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
A sneak peek into the diagnostic conundrum of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast: An updated review with a brief illustrative case series
Authors: Prachi  , Aiyer Hema Malini 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the breast are uncommon tumours that have been a hitherto poorly and variably defined entity. In the recent fifth Edition World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of breast tumour, NENs are dichotomously classified into neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), mirroring the classification of NENs in other organ systems. Both NETs and NECs are invasive tumours in the breast. However, the clinical significance of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in breast cancers, especially in NETs of the breast, is not yet fully understood, and a large overlap appears to exist between breast cancers showing NED and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST). Although breast NECs show distinct clinical and morphological features and show overlapping molecular features with their counterpart in other organs, especially the high-grade component. Diagnosis of NETs based on the morphological characteristics alone can be challenging; one reason is that breast NETs do not necessarily have the same morphological characteristics as those of NENs arising in other organs and are genetically heterogeneous and harbour molecular alterations that differ from IBC, NST.
The keynote changes in the current WHO are the exclusion of other histological subtypes that is, solid papillary carcinoma and a hypercellular variant of mucinous carcinoma which are strong immunohistochemical mimickers of NED and the inclusion of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC).
Thus, the heterogeneity of breast tumours with NED and the changes in their classifications over the years have left many open issues that still need to be resolved.
Data regarding the prognostic significance of NED is conflicting and histologic grade and tumour stage remain the main prognostic parameters. Current management of NENs is similar to that of IBC of NST. In this review article, we will summarise the journey of NENs of the breast with an update on the recent WHO classification and discuss their differences from NENs arising in other organs by highlighting an interesting case series depicting their clinical, radiological, histological and molecular features.
Correlation of Trichoscopic Findings with Severity in Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Murali Savitha , Rajamohanan Remya Raj , Kuruvila Sheela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) refers to the appearance of common non-scarring progressive loss of terminal hair. Trichoscopy shows a magnified view of the hair shafts and hair follicle openings and helps us to diagnose, prognosticate and determine the disease severity.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to identify the trichoscopic findings in patients with androgenetic alopecia and associate these findings with disease severity.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional analytical study of both male and female patients with AGA. The Hamilton Norwood staging was used in males and Ludwig’s staging was used in females. The NC 2 Heine Dermoscope was used to assess the scalp and a 64 MP rear camera was used for the photographic assessment. A Chi-square test was performed to find out the association between the stage of alopecia and trichoscopic findings.

Results:
A total of 63 patients were assessed in this study. Trichoscopic examination showed Hair Shaft Heterogeneity (HSTH) in all patients of AGA. Scalp honeycomb pigmentation and brown peripilar signs were seen in more than half of the patients. The white peripilar sign was associated with advanced stages in both male and female patients, (P = 0.015) and (P = 0.038) respectively. Focal atrichia was also associated with advanced stages in both male and female patients, (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.05) respectively.

Conclusion:
HSTH was the characteristic trichoscopic feature of AGA. White peripilar sign and focal atrichia correlated with the severity of the disease. Trichoscopy-based assessment can be used to individualise the treatment options and counsel the patients regarding prognosis.
Vulval Aggressive Angiomyxoma: A Giant Tumour Arising from Hidradenitis Suppurativa Scars
Authors: Kumari Sandhya , Verma Ghanshyam K. , Gulati Anchana , Mehta Prajul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a very rare tumour arising from the vulvovaginal mesenchymal tissue. The literature has not reported its co-existence with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). A 30-year-old female presented with a giant pedunculated mass arising from a scarred and disfigured perineum for 3 years. On examination, a giant mass of size 20 × 20 cm was hanging over the scarred and disfigured vulva. The clinical possibilities of AA, leiomyoma or angiomyofibroblastoma over the scars of HS were considered. The histopathological examination of the mass revealed the features of AA, and perineal lesion biopsy was suggestive of HS. The patient was managed with surgical excision of the AA along with oral antibiotics for HS.
Comparison of nutritional, antinutritional, and phenolic compositions of Justicia wynaadensis (Nees) T.Anderson plant from Kodagu region of Karnataka harvested at different seasons
Authors: Deepthi Marnad Rangappaiah , Goudar Giridhar , Rao Jarapala Sreenivasa , Suthar Sahil Bipin Kumar , Preethi Kommunuri , Reddy Patlolla Sriya 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Medicinal plants have been utilized across different cultures as a source of therapeutic compounds. The present study delves into assessing the medicinal properties of the Indigenous plant, Justicia wynaadensis endemic to the Western Ghats of India, especially Kodagu, Karnataka, where it is consumed during specific periods for its believed health benefits.

METHODS:
Analysis of nutrients, antinutrient profile, phenolic content, betalains, and antioxidant property was evaluated using AOAC and standardized methods. The present study seeks to elucidate the variation observed for different harvested seasons of J. wynaadensis for its comprehensive composition.

RESULTS:
The available carbohydrates ranged from 746 to 16.50 and 6.54 to 13.30 g/100 g in the leaf and stem parts of the plant, respectively. Total phenolic content varied from 0.82 to 1.21 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g, whereas, total flavonoid content varied from 0.41 to 1.07 g catechin equivalent/100 g. Total anthocyanin content and total carotenoid content varied from 8730 to 296 mg C3G/100 g and 3.23 to 23.02 mg/100 g, respectively. Betaxanthin and betacyanin contents were ranging between 0.436-0.986 and 19.13-40.41 μg/100 g.

CONCLUSION:
The comparison was done for pre-consumption (Season 1, July), consumption (Season 2, August), and post-consumption (Season 3, September) periods and was found for the variation in the nutritional and phenolic compositions between different seasons. The result showed significant quantities of antioxidants during the consumption phase in both the leaves and stem part and maximum phenolic content and minimum antinutrient content in the stem part of the plant. The study validates the traditional practice of consuming the medicinal plant J. wynaadensis by the people of Kodagu district during the August month of the year.