bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Association Between Adverse Events and Outcome in Patients Receiving a Programmed Death Protein 1 or Programmed Death Ligand 1 Antibody
Authors: Maher V. Ellen , Fernandes Laura L. , Weinstock Chana , Tang Shenghui , Agarwal Sundeep , Brave Michael , Ning Yang-min , Singh Harpreet , Suzman Daniel , Xu James , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Ibrahim Amna , Theoret Marc , Beaver Julia A. , Pazdur Richard 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE To assess the relationship among tumor response rate, overall survival, and the development of related adverse events of special interest (AESIs) or related immune-mediated adverse events (imAEs) in patients with urothelial cancer treated with anti–programmed death protein 1 or ligand 1 (anti–PD-1/L1) antibodies. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined seven trials in 1,747 patients with metastatic or locally advanced urothelial cancer that led to approval of an anti–PD-1/L1 antibody. Five trials enrolled patients who had received prior platinum-based therapy, and two enrolled patients who were cisplatin ineligible. The data sets were searched for AESIs, related AESIs, imAEs, and related imAEs. The relationship to study drug was determined by the investigator. ImAEs were defined as AESIs treated with topical or systemic corticosteroids. RESULTS In these exploratory analyses, a related AESI was reported in 64% of responding patients and in 34% of patients who did not respond to the anti–PD-1/L1 antibody, whereas a related imAE occurred in 28% and 12% of patients who did and did not respond to study drug, respectively. In a responder analysis, an increase in overall survival was seen in patients with related AESIs compared with those with no related AESIs (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.52). Fifty-seven percent of responding patients with a related AESI reported the AESI before documentation of response. CONCLUSION Patients who responded to treatment with an anti–PD-1/L1 antibody were more likely to report a related AESI or related imAE. This relationship did not seem to be due to the increased duration of exposure in responding patients. Systemic corticosteroid use did not appear to affect the duration of response.
Use of Glucose, Glutamine, and Fatty Acids for Trophoblast Respiration in Lean Women, Women With Obesity, and Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Wang Yu , Bucher Matthew , Myatt Leslie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveMaternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with adverse outcomes, particularly with a male fetus. The composition and amount of substrate supplied to the placenta are altered in these conditions. We hypothesized that there are sexually dimorphic differences in utilization of glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine between trophoblast of lean women, women with obesity, and women with GDM.DesignTrophoblasts were isolated from term male or female placentas from lean women, women with obesity, or women with GDM (n = 4 to 6 per group), and syncytiotrophoblast formed during 72 hours before measuring mitochondrial respiration by a fuel flex assay (Seahorse XF96 analyzer). Dependency, capacity, and flexibility for use of glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids were measured with western blot of glucose transporter GLUT1, glutaminase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A.ResultsSexual dimorphism in syncytiotrophoblast fuel utilization was seen in women with GDM vs lean women with a significant increase in glucose dependency in males and glucose capacity in females, whereas for glutamine, capacity was significantly decreased in males and females but dependency significantly decreased only in females. Fatty acid dependency and capacity significantly increased in male trophoblast and capacity in female trophoblast of women with GDM vs either lean women or women with obesity. In male but not female trophoblast, flexibility to use all three fuels significantly decreased from lean women to women with obesity and women with GDM. In male trophoblast there were significant associations between GLUT1 and glucose dependency (positive) and flexibility (negative).ConclusionsHuman syncytiotrophoblast utilizes glutamine for mitochondrial respiration. Utilization of glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine changes in a sexually dimorphic manner with obesity and GDM, predominantly with a male placenta.
Prediction of anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection
Authors: Cheng Shubang , He Bolin , Zeng Xueyi 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Anastomotic Leakage (AL) is one of the most common complications after resection of rectal cancer. Recognition of the incidence and risk factors related to AL is important. This study aimed develops a model that can predict anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection.
Methods: Data from 188 patients undergoing anterior resection of rectal cancer were collected for retrospective analysis. Patients were randomly divided in the development set and validation set at a 1:1 ratio. We first included age, sex, preoperative chemoradiotherapy, tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, stage, TNM stage, lymph vascular invasion, distance, anastomotic method, diabetes, intraoperative time, intraoperative bleeding and smoking as candidates for variable selection with a LASSO method. A ROC curve was constructed with the validation set to assess the accuracy of the prediction model.
Results: AL occurred in 20 of 188 patients (10.6%). Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (p=0.04), medium degree of tumor differentiation (p=0.04), anastomotic method (p<0.01), intraoperative bleeding≥400ml (p<0.01), smoking (p<0.01), diabetes (p<0.01) were significantly related to AL. The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model is 0.952.
Conclusions: This study developed a model that can predict anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection, which may aid the selection of preventive ileostomy and postoperative management.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.252
How to cite this:Cheng S, He B, Zeng X. Prediction of anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):830-835. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.252
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Recommending Products When Consumers Learn Their Preference Weights
Authors: Dzyabura Daria , Hauser John R. 
Published: May 2019

Consumers often learn the weights they ascribe to product attributes (“preference weights”) as they search. For example, after test driving cars, a consumer might find that he or she undervalued trunk space and overvalued sunroofs. Preference-weight learning makes optimal search complex because each time a product is searched, updated preference weights affect the expected utility of all products and the value of subsequent optimal search. Product recommendations, which take preference-weight learning into account, help consumers search. We motivate a model in which consumers learn (update) their preference weights. When consumers learn preference weights, it may not be optimal to recommend the product with the highest option value, as in most search models, or the product most likely to be chosen, as in traditional recommendation systems. Recommendations are improved if consumers are encouraged to search products with diverse attribute levels, products that are undervalued, or products for which recommendation-system priors differ from consumers’ priors. Synthetic data experiments demonstrate that proposed recommendation systems outperform benchmark recommendation systems, especially when consumers are novices and when recommendation systems have good priors. We demonstrate empirically that consumers learn preference weights during search, that recommendation systems can predict changes, and that a proposed recommendation system encourages learning.The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1144 .
Informed Options Trading Prior to Takeover Announcements: Insider Trading?
Authors: Augustin Patrick , Brenner Menachem , Subrahmanyam Marti G. 
Published: May 2019

We quantify the pervasiveness of informed trading activity in target companies’ equity options before the announcements of 1,859 U.S. takeovers between 1996 and 2012. About 25% of all takeovers have positive abnormal volumes, which are greater for short-dated, out-of-the-money calls, consistent with bullish directional trading before the announcement. Over half of this abnormal activity is unlikely due to speculation, news and rumors, trading by corporate insiders, leakage in the stock market, deal predictability, or beneficial ownership filings by activist investors. We also examine the characteristics of option trades litigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for alleged illegal insider trading. Although the characteristics of such trades closely resemble the patterns of abnormal option volume in the U.S. takeover sample, we find that the SEC litigates only about 8% of all deals in it. This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
SEMANA ACADÊMICA DO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA: MEMES EM PROL DA INFÂNCIA PARA CRITICAR O CONSUMISMO
Authors: De Oliveira Edna Araujo dos Santos , Cerny Roseli Zen 
Published: May 2019

Esse relato apresenta as experiências desenvolvidas no primeiro semestre de 2018, na III Semana Acadêmica da Pedagogia, com acadêmicos do curso de Pedagogia a Distância do ************, da Universidade **********. Os encontros presenciais aconteceram na modalidade de oficinas que foram ofertadas pelos professores da casa e seu objetivo nuclear foi o de aprofundar a discussão em torno dos temas Contemporâneos da Educação Infantil, tendo em vista explorar com os(as) educandos(as) uma compreensão crítica do ato estudar e do fazer docente na modalidade a distância. Neste sentido, as oficinas foram planejadas em alguns momentos didáticos: reunião coletiva, sala de aula no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle e encontro presencial em cada polo/turma, cujos desdobramentos em termos de ensino-aprendizagem são detalhados neste texto. O foco do relato será sobre a oficina “Consumo e Infância”, cujo trabalho se desdobrou no espectro da cultura digital e a avaliação da aprendizagem foi aferida com a teoria de Recouer com a elaboração de memes educativos. Acreditamos que este relato possa ser útil para a divulgação do trabalho que tem sido realizado na universidade, mostrando que a educação a distância pode ser feita com qualidade e tem um grande potencial a ser desenvolvido.
Nursing strategies to reduce the risk of therapeutic obstinacy in artificial nutrition
Authors: Afonso Tânia dos Santos , Veludo Filipa , Sousa Patrícia Pontífice 
Published: May 2019

Background:Nurses have an important role in maintaining a patient's nutrition near the end of life.Aims:To define nursing nutrition strategies with the person near the end of life and their families; systematise the elements to be considered in artificial nutrition decision-making and evaluate the nursing interventions' influence on therapeutic obstinacy risk.Methods:A sample of 11 articles were selected and the results considered strategies to promote oral feeding before artificial nutrition; the follow-up of the health-disease process by nurses and described the nurse's role as a privileged patient advocate in the defence of the ethical principles of decision-making. These principles consider symptomatology, prognosis, psychology and the emotional significance of nutrition.Conclusion:Nurses are qualified professionals with a critical role in the patient's care due to the proximity they have with the patient; the evidence seems to show a relationship between nursing interventions and the reduction of the risk of therapeutic obstinacy; however, there are no studies in this specific area.
Book Reviews
Authors: Morrison James C. 
Published: May 2019

Utopia Is Creepy: And Other Provocations, Nicholas Carr (2016)
New York: W. W. Norton, 360 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-39325-454-9, h/bk, $26.95,
ISBN 978-0-39335-474-4, p/bk, $16.95

The Glass Cage: How Our Computers Are Changing Us, Nicholas Carr (2015)
New York: W. W. Norton, 288 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-39335-163-7, p/bk, $16.95

The Glass Cage: Automation and Us, Nicholas Carr (2014)
New York: W. W. Norton, 288 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-39324-076-4, h/bk, $26.95

The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, Nicholas Carr (2010)
New York: W. W. Norton, 288 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-39307-222-8, h/bk, $26.95,
ISBN 978-0-39333-975-8, p/bk, $15.95

The Big Switch; Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google, Nicholas Carr (2008)
New York: W. W. Norton, 224 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-39306-228-1, h/bk, $26.95,
ISBN 978-0-39334-522-3, p/bk, $16.95

Does IT Matter?: Information Technology and the Corrosion of Competitive Advantage, Nicholas G. Carr (2004)
Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 193 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-59139-444-9, h/bk, $26.95
La visión de la discapacidad en la primera etapa de Disney: Blancanieves y los 7 enanitos, Alicia en el País de las Maravillas y Peter Pan
Authors: Solís García Patricia 
Published: May 2019

El cine es un gran promotor de ideas e históricamente ha contribuido a la difusión de una imagen de la discapacidad basada en estereotipos. Este medio resulta especialmente atractivo entre el público infantil por su alto valor de entretenimiento. Son precisamente los niños quienes asimilan como válidas muchas de las imágenes y valores que se transmiten en las películas y que ayudan a formar sus actitudes. En este trabajo se exponen diversos aspectos de la visión de la discapacidad en los personajes de Disney a través de tres películas del período comprendido entre 1937-1953: Blancanieves y los siete enanitos, Alicia en el País de las Maravillas y Peter Pan. Estas tres películas han sido ampliamente difundidas y han marcado a tres generaciones diferentes. Por ello, se hace un análisis de los personajes con discapacidad que aparecen en estos largometrajes y la imagen de la discapacidad que a través de ellos se proyecta. Se discuten además los estereotipos que perpetúan y la influencia que pueden tener los mismos en el público infantil al cual van dirigidas estas cintas.
The microtubule skeleton and the evolution of neuronal complexity in vertebrates
Authors: Trushina Nataliya I. , Mulkidjanian Armen Y. , Brandt Roland 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The evolution of a highly developed nervous system is mirrored by the ability of individual neurons to develop increased morphological complexity. As microtubules (MTs) are crucially involved in neuronal development, we tested the hypothesis that the evolution of complexity is driven by an increasing capacity of the MT system for regulated molecular interactions as it may be implemented by a higher number of molecular players and a greater ability of the individual molecules to interact. We performed bioinformatics analysis on different classes of components of the vertebrate neuronal MT cytoskeleton. We show that the number of orthologs of tubulin structure proteins, MT-binding proteins and tubulin-sequestering proteins expanded during vertebrate evolution. We observed that protein diversity of MT-binding and tubulin-sequestering proteins increased by alternative splicing. In addition, we found that regions of the MT-binding protein tau and MAP6 displayed a clear increase in disorder extent during evolution. The data provide evidence that vertebrate evolution is paralleled by gene expansions, changes in alternative splicing and evolution of coding sequences of components of the MT system. The results suggest that in particular evolutionary changes in tubulin-structure proteins, MT-binding proteins and tubulin-sequestering proteins were prominent drivers for the development of increased neuronal complexity.
Influence of the simplified stochastic model of TLS measurements on geometry-based deformation analysis
Authors: Zhao Xin , Kermarrec Gaël , Kargoll Boris , Alkhatib Hamza , Neumann Ingo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) are powerful instruments that can be employed for deformation monitoring due to their high precision and spatial resolution in capturing 3D point clouds. Deformation detections from scatter point clouds can be based on different comparison methods, among which the geometry-based method is one of the most popular. Compared with approximating surfaces with predetermined geometric primitives, such as plane or sphere, the B-splines surface approximation offers a great flexibility and can be used to fit nearly every object scanned with TLS. However, a variance-covariance matrix (VCM) of the observations involved in approximating the scattered points to B-spline surfaces impact the results of a congruency test, which is the uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) test for discriminating between the null hypothesis of zero deformation and its alternative hypotheses. Consequently, simplified stochastic models may weaken the UMPI property. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, the impact of the heteroscedasticity and mathematical correlations often neglected in B-splines approximation are investigated. These correlations are specific in approximating TLS measurements when the raw measurements are transformed into Cartesian coordinates. The rates of rejecting the null hypothesis in a congruency test is employed to reflect the impact of unspecified VCMs on the power of the congruency test. The rejection rates are not sensitive to the simplification of the stochastic models, in the larger deformation area with higher point accuracy, while they are obviously influenced in the smaller deformation area with unfavourable geometries, i. e. larger uncertainties. A threshold ratio of estimated differences to the relative standard deviation highlights whereas the results of congruency test are reliable when using simplified VCMs. It is concluded that the simplification of the stochastic model has a significant impact on the power of the congruency test, especially in the smaller deformation area with larger uncertainties.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ2-1,1′-(oxybis(4,1-phenylene)bis(1H-imidazole)-κ2N,N′)(μ2-1,3-benzenecarboxylato-κ3
O,O′:O′′)zinc(II)] dihydrate, C26H22N4O7Zn
Authors: Xu Bo-Tao , Mao Ze-Jun , He Li-Xiang , Guo Sheng-Cong , Zhang Guo-Dong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C26H22N4O7Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.1134(4) Å, b = 16.0238(7) Å, c = 17.8763(7) Å, β = 103.376(7)°, V = 2539.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0465, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0990, T = 293 K.
Characterization of Global and Local Damages in Composite Images Using Geometrical and Fourier-Hu Moment–Based Shape Descriptors
Authors: Jac Fredo A. R. , Abilash R. S. , Femi R. , Sri Madhava Raja N. , Suresh Kumar C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this work, damages in composite materials are characterized using geometrical and Fourier-Hu shape descriptors. Digital images are acquired from the front and rear sides of composite materials after 5-, 6-, and 7-mm indentations. An anisotropic diffusion filter is used to remove the noise and to smooth the digital images. The global and local damages in the composite materials are segmented using K-Means (KM) clustering. Geometrical features and Fourier-Hu–based moments are calculated from the extracted regions. The global and local damages due to different indentations are classified using random forest (RF). Results show that the KM is able to segment the global and local damages with cluster centers three and four, respectively. The Fourier-Hu moment suggested that the damage dimension is high in the rear side compared with the front side. The Hu moment performed better compared with using geometrical features to characterize the damages. RF with both geometrical and Fourier-Hu moments performed better than the individual features. The image-based analysis performed in this study concludes effective characterization of damages; this framework can be applied in the nondestructive evaluation of composite materials.
Novel synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline thoria from oxalate precursor via reverse micellar route
Authors: Gupta R. , Gupta S. K. , Aggarwal S. K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Nanoparticles of thorium oxalate were synthesized by the reaction of thorium nitrate and ammonium oxalate by the microemulsion method. The Th02 nanoparticles were obtained by heating thorium oxalate nanoparticles at 500 °C in air. The oxalate and oxide nanoparticles of thorium were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). X-ray diffraction studies showed the mono-phasic nature of the powder thoria. The particle size was obtained from X-ray line broadening (~l0 nm) and transmission electron microscopy (~l0 nm). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to calculate the average grain size of the particles. SAED confirmed the nanocrystalline nature of thoria particles. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was also carried out to understand the morphology of the system. The monodisperse nanoparticles of thoria are promising for future reactor technologies.
Early Sex-Chromosome Evolution in the Diploid Dioecious PlantMercurialis annua
Authors: Veltsos Paris , Ridout Kate E , Toups Melissa A , González-Martínez Santiago C , Muyle Aline , Emery Olivier , Rastas Pasi , Hudzieczek Vojtech , Hobza Roman , Vyskot Boris , Marais Gabriel A B , Filatov Dmitry A , Pannell John R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSuppressed recombination allows divergence between homologous sex chromosomes and the functionality of their genes. Here, we reveal patterns of the earliest stages of sex-chromosome evolution in the diploid dioecious herb Mercurialis annua on the basis of cytological analysis, de novo genome assembly and annotation, genetic mapping, exome resequencing of natural populations, and transcriptome analysis. The genome assembly contained 34,105 expressed genes, of which 10,076 were assigned to linkage groups. Genetic mapping and exome resequencing of individuals across the species range both identified the largest linkage group, LG1, as the sex chromosome. Although the sex chromosomes of M. annua are karyotypically homomorphic, we estimate that about one-third of the Y chromosome, containing 568 transcripts and spanning 22.3 cM in the corresponding female map, has ceased recombining. Nevertheless, we found limited evidence for Y-chromosome degeneration in terms of gene loss and pseudogenization, and most X- and Y-linked genes appear to have diverged in the period subsequent to speciation between M. annua and its sister species M. huetii, which shares the same sex-determining region. Taken together, our results suggest that the M. annua Y chromosome has at least two evolutionary strata: a small old stratum shared with M. huetii, and a more recent larger stratum that is probably unique to M. annua and that stopped recombining ∼1 MYA. Patterns of gene expression within the nonrecombining region are consistent with the idea that sexually antagonistic selection may have played a role in favoring suppressed recombination.