bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exchange Rate and Inflation Dynamics in a Resource Rich Setting: The Case of Zambia
Authors: Roger Lionel , Smith Gregory , Morrissey Oliver 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between copper prices, the exchange rate and consumer price inflation in Zambia using a structural vector autoregression with quarterly data for 1995–2014 and a combination of sign and zero restrictions to identify relevant global and domestic shocks. The paper makes two contributions. First, it provides new measures of exchange rate pass through (ERPT), based on less restrictive assumptions than previous estimates, to show how changes in the value of the kwacha are reflected in changes in consumer prices (distinguishing food and non‐food inflation). Second, the ERPT is disaggregated to demonstrate that measured ERPT depends on the nature of the shock, with implications for policy responses. Although the price of copper is the most important driver of the exchange rate, the fluctuations it caused are associated with a low pass‐through of about 7% (consistent with a period of relatively low inflation). Exchange rate fluctuations caused by monetary shocks, in contrast, come with a pass‐through of up to 25% (and even more for food prices). A fast response by monetary authorities can mitigate the adverse effects of exchange rate shocks.
A multi‐modal transportation data‐driven approach to identify urban functional zones: An exploration based on Hangzhou City, China
Authors: Du Zhenhong , Zhang Xiaoyi , Li Wenwen , Zhang Feng , Liu Renyi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent urban studies have used human mobility data such as taxi trajectories and smartcard data as a complementary way to identify the social functions of land use. However, little work has been conducted to reveal how multi‐modal transportation data impact on this identification process. In our study, we propose a data‐driven approach that addresses the relationships between travel behavior and urban structure: first, multi‐modal transportation data are aggregated to extract explicit statistical features; then, topic modeling methods are applied to transform these explicit statistical features into latent semantic features; and finally, a classification method is used to identify functional zones with similar latent topic distributions. Two 10‐day‐long “big” datasets from the 2,370 bicycle stations of the public bicycle‐sharing system, and up to 9,992 taxi cabs within the core urban area of Hangzhou City, China, as well as point‐of‐interest data are tested to reveal the extent to which different travel modes contribute to the detection and understanding of urban land functions. Our results show that: (1) using latent semantic features delineated from the topic modeling process as the classification input outperforms approaches using explicit statistical features; (2) combining multi‐modal data visibly improves the accuracy and consistency of the identified functional zones; and (3) the proposed data‐driven approach is also capable of identifying mixed land use in the urban space. This work presents a novel attempt to uncover the hidden linkages between urban transportation patterns with urban land use and its functions.
Do deferred donors continue their donations? A large‐scale register study on whole blood donor return in the Netherlands
Authors: Spekman Marloes L.C. , van Tilburg Theo G. , Merz Eva‐Maria 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDTemporary deferral of whole blood donors is essential for a safe blood supply, yet deferral may impact donor return. Different deferral reasons may differently affect return, and donor experience may interfere with this. Therefore, we studied the joint effect of deferral reason and donor experience on return.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe used a large‐scale retrospective cohort design including all Dutch donors with a whole blood donation attempt in 2013 to 2015 (n = 343,825). We established details of the target donation (including deferral reason if applicable), details of attendances in the 2 years after the target donation, donor characteristics (blood type, sex, age), and donor experience (first‐time, novice, experienced, reactivated). Descriptive statistics as well as time‐to‐events methods were used.RESULTSExperienced donors were most likely to return, even after deferral (nondeferred 96% vs. deferred 92%). First‐time and reactivated donors were less likely to return after deferral (69 and 61%, respectively) compared to their nondeferred counterparts (82 and 76%, respectively). First‐time hemoglobin (Hb)‐deferred donors were less likely to return and slower to return than other donors. Similar results were found for reactivated donors deferred for short‐term medical reasons.CONCLUSIONDeferral reason and donor experience individually as well as jointly impacted donor return. Particularly first‐time and reactivated donors were at risk of nonreturn, especially when deferred for Hb or short‐term medical reasons, respectively. Blood banks designing and implementing donor retention strategies should thus not only take successful but also unsuccessful donation experiences and different experience levels into account.
Synaptic cleft microenvironment influences potassium permeation and synaptic transmission in hair cells surrounded by calyx afferents in the turtle
Authors: Contini Donatella , Holstein Gay R. , Art Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2019

Key points
In central regions of vestibular semicircular canal epithelia, the [K+] in the synaptic cleft ([K+]c) contributes to setting the hair cell and afferent membrane potentials; the potassium efflux from type I hair cells results from the interdependent gating of three conductances.
Elevation of [K+]c occurs through a calcium‐activated potassium conductance, GBK, and a low‐voltage‐activating delayed rectifier, GK(LV), that activates upon elevation of [K+]c.
Calcium influx that enables quantal transmission also activates IBK, an effect that can be blocked internally by BAPTA, and externally by a CaV1.3 antagonist or iberiotoxin.
Elevation of [K+]c or chelation of [Ca2+]c linearizes the GK(LV) steady‐state I–V curve, suggesting that the outward rectification observed for GK(LV) may result largely from a potassium‐sensitive relief of Ca2+ inactivation of the channel pore selectivity filter.
Potassium sensitivity of hair cell and afferent conductances allows three modes of transmission: quantal, ion accumulation and resistive coupling to be multiplexed across the synapse.
AbstractIn the vertebrate nervous system, ions accumulate in diffusion‐limited synaptic clefts during ongoing activity. Such accumulation can be demonstrated at large appositions such as the hair cell–calyx afferent synapses present in central regions of the turtle vestibular semicircular canal epithelia. Type I hair cells influence discharge rates in their calyx afferents by modulating the potassium concentration in the synaptic cleft, [K+]c, which regulates potassium‐sensitive conductances in both hair cell and afferent. Dual recordings from synaptic pairs have demonstrated that, despite a decreased driving force due to potassium accumulation, hair cell depolarization elicits sustained outward currents in the hair cell, and a maintained inward current in the afferent. We used kinetic and pharmacological dissection of the hair cell conductances to understand the interdependence of channel gating and permeation in the context of such restricted extracellular spaces. Hair cell depolarization leads to calcium influx and activation of a large calcium‐activated potassium conductance, GBK, that can be blocked by agents that disrupt calcium influx or buffer the elevation of [Ca2+]i, as well as by the specific KCa1.1 blocker iberiotoxin. Efflux of K+ through GBK can rapidly elevate [K+]c, which speeds the activation and slows the inactivation and deactivation of a second potassium conductance, GK(LV). Elevation of [K+]c or chelation of [Ca2+]c linearizes the GK(LV) steady‐state I–V curve, consistent with a K+‐dependent relief of Ca2+ inactivation of GK(LV). As a result, this potassium‐sensitive hair cell conductance pairs with the potassium‐sensitive hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel (HCN) conductance in the afferent and creates resistive coupling at the synaptic cleft.
Capillary Filling Dynamics of Electromagnetohydrodynamic Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Philip Jeffy John , Mukherjee Joydeb , Sarkar Sandip , Saha Sandip K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, we aim to develop a mathematical model for capillary filling dynamics of electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of non-Newtonian fluids. An axially applied electric field and a transverse magnetic field are considered to elucidate the electromagnetohydrodynamic transport through the microcapillary. Assuming a non-Newtonian power-law obeying fluids, we analyze the transient evolution of the electromagnetohydrodynamic capillary positions by considering the magnitude of the total force balance via finite volume-based numerical formalism. We have highlighted the various rheological regimes in the horizontal capillary through a scaling analysis. For the Newtonian fluids, corresponding inviscid linear Washburn regime is also analyzed and compared with the power-law obeying fluids. Furthermore, we have also derived closed-form analytical expressions for the electromagnetohydrodynamic velocity, pressure gradient, and transient evolution of the capillary positions by using couple stress parameter model to characterize the fluid rheological behaviors. We perform a comparison test of the coupled stress parameter model with the results from the literature for a similar set of fluid rheological parameters. The comparison results are found to be in good agreement.
A Study on New Surface Textured Tools for Inhibition of Derivative Cutting
Authors: Duan Ran , Deng Jianxin , Lei Shuting , Ge Dongliang , Liu Yayun , Li Xuemu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Derivative cutting is a texture-edge cutting of chip bottom side, which happens all the time in machining with textured tools. Two new types of textured tools are developed and fabricated: a micro-textured tool with chamfered texture edge (CTE) tool and a multiscale textured (MSTT) tool with the texture surface below the rake face. The effectiveness of the tools on inhibiting derivative cutting is investigated at different cutting velocities. For the CTE tool, the inhibiting effect is more pronounced with the increase in the chamfer angle, but the severe rake face wear eventually leads to the occurrence of derivative cutting. Compared with the CTE tool, the multiscale textures of the MSTT tool provide more sustainable effectiveness in inhibiting derivative cutting. The inhibition mechanisms of the two types of textured tools are discussed.
A Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-3 (SST3) Peptide Agonist Shows Antitumor Effects in Experimental Models of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Vázquez-Borrego Mari C. , Gupta Vandana , Ibáñez-Costa Alejandro , Gahete Manuel D. , Venegas-Moreno Eva , Toledano-Delgado Álvaro , Cano David A. , Blanco-Acevedo Cristóbal , Ortega-Salas Rosa , Japón Miguel A. , Barrera-Martín Ana , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Hill Jason , Zhang Shengwen , Halem Heather , Solivera Juan , Raverot Gérald , Gálvez María A. , Soto-Moreno Alfonso , Paez-Pereda Marcelo , Culler Michael D. , Castaño Justo P. , Luque Raúl M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Somatostatin analogues (SSA) are efficacious and safe treatments for a variety of neuroendocrine tumors, especially pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET). Their therapeutic effects are mainly mediated by somatostatin receptors SST2 and SST5. Most SSAs, such as octreotide/lanreotide/pasireotide, are either nonselective or activate mainly SST2. However, nonfunctioning pituitary tumors (NFPTs), the most common PitNET type, mainly express SST3 and finding peptides that activate this particular somatostatin receptor has been very challenging. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify SST3-agonists and characterize their effects on experimental NFPT models.

Experimental Design:
Binding to SSTs and cAMP level determinations were used to screen a peptide library and identify SST3-agonists. Key functional parameters (cell viability/caspase activity/chromogranin-A secretion/mRNA expression/intracellular signaling pathways) were assessed on NFPT primary cell cultures in response to SST3-agonists. Tumor growth was assessed in a preclinical PitNET mouse model treated with a SST3-agonist.

Results:
We successfully identified the first SST3-agonist peptides. SST3-agonists lowered cell viability and chromogranin-A secretion, increased apoptosis in vitro, and reduced tumor growth in a preclinical PitNET model. As expected, inhibition of cell viability in response to SST3-agonists defined two NFPT populations: responsive and unresponsive, wherein responsive NFPTs expressed more SST3 than unresponsive NFPTs and exhibited a profound reduction of MAPK, PI3K-AKT/mTOR, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways upon SST3-agonist treatments. Concurrently, SSTR3 silencing increased cell viability in a subset of NFPTs.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that SST3-agonists activate signaling mechanisms that reduce NFPT cell viability and inhibit pituitary tumor growth in experimental models that expresses SST3, suggesting that targeting this receptor could be an efficacious treatment for NFPTs.
ЕТАПИ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМИ ВІЙСЬКОВО-МЕДИЧНОГО ПОСТАЧАННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ІСТОРІЇ БУДІВНИЦТВА ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Shmatenko O.P. , Bilous M. V. , Prikhodko T. V. , Galan O. V. , Trokhymchuk V. V. , Drozdov D. V. , Takhtaulova N. O. 
Published: October 2019

Метою роботи є дослідження етапів становлення та розвитку системи військово-медичного постачання в контексті історії будівництва Збройних Сил України.
Матеріали та методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети дослідження проведено огляд вітчизняних наукових джерел та чинної нормативно-правової бази. Під час виконання дослідження використано методи інформаційного пошуку, систематизації, контент-аналізу, порівняння та узагальнення.
Результати та їх обговорення. При проведенні дослідження етапів становлення та розвитку системи військово-медичного постачання в контексті історії будівництва Збройних Сил України, встановлено, що на момент створення Збройних Сил України військово-медична служба та система медичного постачання будувалась з використанням підходів Радянської Армії. З’ясовано, що прийняття оборонної доктрини, зміна економічних засад в країні та обмеженість ресурсів обумовили перехід до медичного забезпечення та постачання медичною технікою та майном за територіальним принципом. Це, в свою чергу, потребувало скорочення чисельності як Збройних Сил України, так і медичної служби до оптимальної кількості. Визначено, що недостатність бюджетного фінансування на протязі всіх років існування Збройних Сил України не дозволила в повному обсязі побудувати ефективну модель медичного постачання та провести технічне переоснащення медичної служби. Проведений ретроспективний аналіз еволюції органів управління медичною службою Збройних Сил України показав, що в періоди 1991-1994 рр. та 2005-2007 рр. існувало дублювання управлінської функції з медичного забезпечення в Міністерстві оборони України та Генеральному штабі Збройних Сил України. При цьому, в період з 1998-2005 рр. управління медичним забезпеченням здійснював єдиний орган управління, що сприяло більш ефективному вирішенню питань медичного забезпечення.
Висновки. В статті проведено дослідження етапів становлення та розвитку системи військово-медичного постачання в контексті історії будівництва Збройних Сил України. Також визначено, що на сучасному етапі реалізується принцип єдиного органу управління медичною службою, що відповідає стандартам НАТО. Станом на сьогодні, розвиток системи медичного постачання Збройних Сил України орієнтований на інтеграцію у єдину ефективну систему логістичного забезпечення ЗС України, яка функціонує відповідно до норм та стандартів Альянсу. Таким чином, для вибору науково-обґрунтованої моделі військово-медичного постачання в сучасних реаліях необхідним є узагальнення історичного досвіду формування системи постачання медичним майном Збройних Сил України. Отже, предметом нашого подальшого дослідження є визначення еволюційних етапів розвитку управління потоковими процесами у системі медичного постачання Збройних Сил України.
The Anonymous Subject of Life—Some Philosophical, Psychological, and Religious Considerations
Authors: Johnson David W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the hallmarks of the Japanese psychiatrist and philosopher Kimura Bin’s (b. 1931) philosophical approach is the conversion of ordinary words into philosophical concepts. Here we focus on the way he appropriates the Japanese words onozukara and mizukara, ordinary terms associated, respectively, with things that occur naturally, spontaneously, or by themselves, and those that come from oneself. This re-reading of these terms as philosophical concepts furnishes an interpretive frame that brings together and makes sense of large and important concepts in philosophy and psychology such as self and nature, perception and sensation, collective subjectivity and individual subject, schizophrenia and self-realization. His appropriation of these two Japanese terms also uncovers a general and impersonal form of subjectivity that underlies our experience of ourselves as individuated subjects and stands at the center of his philosophical and psychological investigations into these phenomena.
Metaphorical Bridges
Authors: Benjamins Jacob 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study considers Paul Ricoeur’s theory of discourses within the context of a phenomenology of religion. I focus on the eighth study of La métaphore vive, wherein Ricoeur explores the possibility of interanimation between speculative and poetic discourses. While Ricoeur is willing to consider the interactions between religious and philosophical discourse in a number of essays, he does not develop the further possibility of the interanimation between religious and speculative thought. I take up this unexplored possibility by suggesting that metaphors are capable of slipping between discourses and animating speculative and religious discourses. Specifically, I use Jean-Louis Chrétien’s metaphor of “wounding” as a case study wherein the phenomenal form of paradox defines one meaning of wounding, while another meaning is connected to a poetic expression that refers to our belonging in the world. Together, the two meanings of the metaphor enliven Chrétien’s phenomenology of religion.
Why the Testimonium Taciteum Is Authentic: A Response to Carrier
Authors: Blom Willem J. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The reference to Christ in Tacitus’ Annales is one of the earliest references to Jesus by a non-Christian author. Although this so-called “Testimonium Taciteum” is generally accepted as authentic, arguments against the authenticity of the passage given by Richard Carrier have not yet received a thorough response. In this article, I will argue that the arguments against authenticity of the Testimonium Taciteum do not rest on solid ground, nor does the alternative interpretation of the passage by Carrier. On the other hand, it is probable that Tacitus referred in his passage to the persecution of Christians, although that persecution may have been less connected with the fire of Rome than is commonly suggested. There are also four arguments that favour the authenticity of the Testimonium.
Evagrius of Pontus on Exodus and the Virtues
Authors: White Devin L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In On Prayer 1-4, Evagrius of Pontus reads the incense described in Exodus 30:34-37 as an allegorical type of the four cardinal virtues. This essay explains the logic of Evagrius’s interpretation, situating his argument in a longstanding philosophical debate about the interrelationship of the virtues. By reading the incense as virtue, Evagrius joins both Gregory of Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa in interpreting Exodus as a source for virtue theory, as well as several ancient philosophers who explained the virtues and their interrelation by comparing them to physical substances combined in a mixture. Central to Evagrius’s argument is the compound ancient philosophers called a “juxtaposition” (σύνθεσις), the use of which term shows Evagrius’s knowledge of a well-attested hexaplaric variant in Exod 30:35. In sum, authorized by his text of Exodus, Evagrius suggests the virtues relate to each other in the same fashion that the ingredients of a σύνθεσις relate to each other.
Political Thinking on Kingship in Democratic Athens
Authors: Mitchell Lynette 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Democratic Athens seems to have been the first place in the Greek world where there developed systematically a positive theorising of kingship. Initially this might seem surprising, since the Athenians had a strong tradition of rejecting one-man-rule. The study of kingship among the political thinkers of the fifth and fourth century has not received much scholarly attention until recent years, and particularly not the striking fact that it was democratic Athens, or at least writers directing themselves to an Athenian democratic audience, that produced a positive theorising of kingship. The aim of this essay, then, is not only to show how the political language around kingship became a way of forming definitions of what democracy was and was not, but also (more significantly), among some fourth-century intellectuals, of shaping new ideas about what it could be.
A Variable-Correlation Model to Characterize Asymmetric Dependence for Postprocessing Short-Term Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Li Wentao , Wang Quan J. , Duan Qingyun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Statistical postprocessing methods can be used to correct bias and dispersion error in raw ensemble forecasts from numerical weather prediction models. Existing postprocessing models generally perform well when they are assessed on all events, but their performance for extreme events still needs to be investigated. Commonly used joint probability postprocessing models are based on the correlation between forecasts and observations. Because the correlation may be lower for extreme events as a result of larger forecast uncertainty, the dependence between forecasts and observations can be asymmetric with respect to the magnitude of the precipitation. However, the constant correlation coefficient in the traditional joint probability model lacks the flexibility to model asymmetric dependence. In this study, we formulated a new postprocessing model with a decreasing correlation coefficient to characterize asymmetric dependence. We carried out experiments using Global Ensemble Forecast System reforecasts for daily precipitation in the Huai River basin in China. The results show that, although it performs well in terms of continuous ranked probability score or reliability for all events, the traditional joint probability model suffers from overestimation for extreme events defined by the largest 2.5% or 5% of raw forecasts. On the contrary, the proposed variable-correlation model is able to alleviate the overestimation and achieves better reliability for extreme events than the traditional model. The proposed variable-correlation model can be seen as a flexible extension of the traditional joint probability model to improve the performance for extreme events.