bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentidos de la militancia en Argentina y Brasil: análisis de los significados asignados al compromiso político en tres generaciones de militantes
Authors: Rocca Rivarola Dolores 
Published: March 2018

Objetivos: identificar,apartirdel análisis comparativo, las concepciones del compromiso político en la militancia oficialista en los gobiernos kirchneristas (2003–2015) en Argentina y del Partido de los Trabajadores (2003- 2016) en Brasil.Metodología: desde una perspectiva cualitativa, se abordaron tres grupos de militantes mediante 28 entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas entre 2005 y 2015, según un criterio generacional: el momento histórico de inicio de su militancia juvenil (años 80, 90 y hasta 2002 y, finalmente, quienes se iniciaron en la militancia política luego de la legada de Kirchner y Lula al poder).Resultados: dos ejes aparecieron con regularidad en los testimonios. En primer lugar, los sentidos asociados a la militancia en los que se advirtió una diferenciación marcada entre generaciones, sobre todo con definiciones respecto de un pasado con vínculos más estables, mayores niveles de compromiso, predisposición militante y formación política. En segundo lugar, la cuestión de la militancia en el marco de la inserción gubernamental de las organizaciones de pertenencia, con el fenómeno de profesionalización militante y las modalidades de articulación entre la función pública y las tareas político-organizativas.Conclusiones: en el primer eje, el análisis comparativo entre generaciones militantes se perfiló como una clave sugerente para pensar las transformaciones del vínculo político, las prácticas y las concepciones sobre la militancia. En el segundo eje, aunque el análisis por generaciones de militancia juvenil arroja conclusiones sugerentes respecto de las concepciones y tensiones intergeneracionales, algunas lecturas y sentidos atravesaban a los tres grupos, y dependían más bien de la organización de pertenencia.
Relationship between external ventricular drain clamp trials and ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center study
Authors: Ascanio Luis C. , Gupta Raghav , Adeeb Nimer , Moore Justin M. , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Mayeku Julie , Tachie-Baffour Yaw , Thomas Ranjit , Alturki Abdulrahman Y. , Schmalz Philip G. R. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Thomas Ajith J. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVECurrently, there is no established standard regarding the ideal number of external ventricular drain (EVD) clamp trials performed before ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate this relationship.METHODSA retrospective review of all patients presenting with SAH between July 2007 and December 2016 was performed. Patients with SAH who had received an EVD within the first 24 hours of hospital admission and had undergone at least 1 clamp trial prior to EVD removal were eligible for inclusion in the study. Patient demographics, clinical presentations, SAH etiologies and grades, clamp trial data, hospital lengths of stay, and functional outcomes were recorded.RESULTSOne hundred fourteen patients with nontraumatic SAH complicated by posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus were included in the study. The median patient age was 57 years (range 28–90 years), with a male/female ratio of 1:1.7. A ruptured aneurysm was the underlying etiology of SAH in 79.8% of patients. A majority of patients (69.4%) had a Hunt and Hess grade III–V on admission. The median number of clamp trials performed was 2 (range 1–6). A VP shunt was required in 40.4% of patients. In those who underwent 2 and 3 clamp trials, 60% and 38.9%, respectively, did not require subsequent VP shunt placement.CONCLUSIONSSurgical placement of a VP shunt is associated with complications. Clamp trials are routinely performed before making the decision to insert a shunt. In the present study, the authors found that a significant percentage of patients passed their second and third clamp trials without requiring subsequent shunt insertion. These data support performing multiple clamp trials prior to shunt placement.
Risk factors for wound-related reoperations in patients with metastatic spine tumor
Authors: Carl Hannah M. , Ahmed A. Karim , Abu-Bonsrah Nancy , De la Garza Ramos Rafael , Sankey Eric W. , Pennington Zachary , Bydon Ali , Witham Timothy F. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Sacks Justin M. , Goodwin C. Rory , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEResection of metastatic spine tumors can improve patients’ quality of life by addressing pain or neurological compromise. However, resections are often complicated by wound dehiscence, infection, instrumentation failures, and the need for reoperation. Moreover, when reoperations are needed, the most common indication is surgical site infection and wound breakdown. In turn, wound reoperations increase morbidity as well as the length and cost of hospitalization. The aim of this study was to examine perioperative risk factors associated with increased rate of wound reoperations after metastatic spine tumor resection.METHODSA retrospective study of patients at a single institution who underwent metastatic spine tumor resection between 2003 and 2013 was conducted. Factors with a p value < 0.200 in a univariate analysis were included in the multivariate model.RESULTSA total of 159 patients were included in this study. Karnofsky Performance Scale score > 70, smoking status, hypertension, thromboembolic events, hyperlipidemia, increasing number of vertebral levels, and posterior approach were included in the multivariate analysis. Thromboembolic events (95% CI 1.19–48.5, p = 0.032) and number of levels involved were independently associated with increased wound reoperation rates in the multivariate model. For each additional spinal level involved, the risk for wound reoperations increased by 21% (95% CI 1.03–1.43, p = 0.018).CONCLUSIONSAlthough wound complications and subsequent reoperations are potential risks for all patients with metastatic spine tumor, due to adjuvant radiotherapy and other medical comorbidities, this study identified patients with thromboembolic events or those requiring a larger incision as being at the highest risk. Measures intended to decrease the occurrence of perioperative venous thromboembolism and to improve wound care, especially for long incisions, may decrease wound-related revision surgeries in this vulnerable group of patients.
A new approach for reducing beam hardening artifacts in polychromatic X-ray computed tomography using more accurate prior image
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Yanan , Shi Hongli 
Published: March 2018

PURPOSE: Metal artifacts severely degrade CT image quality in clinical diagnosis, which are difficult to removed, especially for the beam hardening artifacts. The metal artifact reduction (MAR) based on prior images are the most frequently-used methods. However, there exists a lot misclassification in most prior images caused by absence of prior information such as the spectrum distribution of X-ray beam source, especially many or big metal included. The purpose of this work is to find a more accurate prior image to improve image quality. METHODS: The proposed method comprise of following four steps. First, the metal image is segmented by thresholding an initial image, where the metal traces are identified in the initial projection data using the forward projection of the metal image. Second, the accurate absorbent model of certain metal image is calculated according to the spectrum distribution of certain X-ray beam source and energy-dependent attenuation coefficients of metal. Then, a new metal image is reconstructed by the general analytical reconstruction algorithm such as filtered back projection (FPB). The prior image is obtained by segmenting the difference image between the initial image and the new metal image into air, tissue and bone. Finally, the initial projection data are normalized by dividing the projection data of prior image pixel to pixel, the corrected image is obtained by interpolation, denormalization and reconstruction. RESULTS: Some clinical images with dental fillings and knee prostheses are used to evaluate the proposed algorithm and normalized metal artifact reduction (NMAR) and linear interpolation (LI) method. The results demonstrate the artifacts can be reduced efficiently by the proposed method. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method could obtain an exact prior image using the prior information about X-ray beam source and energy-dependent attenuation coefficients of metal. As a result, the better performance of reducing beam hardening artifacts can be improved, even though there were many or big implants. Moreover, the process of the proposed method is rather simple and little extra calculation burden is necessary. It has superiorities over other algorithms when include big or many implants.
A Population Study of Gaseous Exoplanets
Authors: Tsiaras A. , Waldmann I. P. , Zingales T. , Rocchetto M. , Morello G. , Damiano M. , Karpouzas K. , Tinetti G. , McKemmish L. K. , Tennyson J. , Yurchenko S. N. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present here the analysis of 30 gaseous extrasolar planets, with temperatures between 600 and 2400 K and radii between 0.35 and 1.9 R
Jup. The quality of the HST/WFC3 spatially scanned data combined with our specialized analysis tools allow us to study the largest and most self-consistent sample of exoplanetary transmission spectra to date and examine the collective behavior of warm and hot gaseous planets rather than isolated case studies. We define a new metric, the Atmospheric Detectability Index (ADI) to evaluate the statistical significance of an atmospheric detection and find statistically significant atmospheres in around 16 planets out of the 30 analyzed. For most of the Jupiters in our sample, we find the detectability of their atmospheres to be dependent on the planetary radius but not on the planetary mass. This indicates that planetary gravity plays a secondary role in the state of gaseous planetary atmospheres. We detect the presence of water vapour in all of the statistically detectable atmospheres, and we cannot rule out its presence in the atmospheres of the others. In addition, TiO and/or VO signatures are detected with 4σ confidence in WASP-76 b, and they are most likely present in WASP-121 b. We find no correlation between expected signal-to-noise and atmospheric detectability for most targets. This has important implications for future large-scale surveys.
New Self-lensing Models of the Small Magellanic Cloud: Can Gravitational Microlensing Detect Extragalactic Exoplanets?
Authors: Mróz Przemek , Poleski Radosław 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe use three-dimensional distributions of classical Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) to model the stellar density distribution of a young and old stellar population in that galaxy. We use these models to estimate the microlensing self-lensing optical depth to the SMC, which is in excellent agreement with the observations. Our models are consistent with the total stellar mass of the SMC of aboutunder the assumption that all microlensing events toward this galaxy are caused by self-lensing. We also calculate the expected event rates and estimate that future large-scale surveys, like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), will be able to detect up to a few dozen microlensing events in the SMC annually. If the planet frequency in the SMC is similar to that in the Milky Way, a few extragalactic planets can be detected over the course of the LSST survey, provided significant changes in the SMC observing strategy are devised. A relatively small investment of LSST resources can give us a unique probe of the population of extragalactic exoplanets.
Photoevaporation Does Not Create a Pileup of Giant Planets at 1 au
Authors: Wise A. W. , Dodson-Robinson S. E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The semimajor axis distribution of giant exoplanets appears to have a pileup near 1 au. Photoevaporation opens a gap in the inner few au of gaseous disks before dissipating them. Here, we investigate if photoevaporation can significantly affect the final distribution of giant planets by modifying gas surface density and hence Type II migration rates near the photoevaporation gap. We first use an analytic disk model to demonstrate that newly formed giant planets have a long migration epoch before photoevaporation can significantly alter their migration rates. Next, we present new 2D hydrodynamic simulations of planets migrating in photoevaporating disks, in which each are paired with a control simulation of migration in an otherwise identical disk without photoevaporation. We show that in disks with surface densities near the minimum threshold for forming giant planets, photoevaporation alters the final semimajor axis of a migrating gas giant by at most 5% over the course of 0.1 Myr of migration. Once the disk mass has become low enough for photoevaporation to carve a sharp gap, migration has almost completely stalled due to the low surface density of gas at the Lindblad resonances. We find that photoevaporation modifies migration rates so little that it is unlikely to leave a significant signature on the distribution of giant exoplanets.
MMT Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnant Candidates in M33
Authors: Long Knox S. , Blair William P. , Milisavljevic Dan , Raymond John C. , Winkler P. Frank 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
To date, over 220 emission nebulae in M33 have been identified as supernova remnants (SNRs) or SNR candidates, principally through [S ii]:Hα line ratios that are elevated compared to those in H ii regions. In many cases, the determination of a high [S ii]:Hα line ratio was made using narrow-band interference filter images and has not been confirmed spectroscopically. Here, we present MMT 6.5 m optical spectra that we use to measure [S ii]:Hα and other line ratios in an attempt to determine the nature of these suggested candidates. Of the 197 objects in our sample, 120 have no previously published spectroscopic observations. We confirm that the majority of candidate SNRs have emission line ratios characteristic of SNRs. While no candidates show Doppler-broadened lines expected from young, ejecta-dominated SNRs (≳1000 km s−1), a substantial number do exhibit lines that are broader than H ii regions. We argue that the majority of the objects with high [S ii]:Hα line ratios (>0.4) are indeed SNRs, but the distinction between H ii regions and SNRs becomes less obvious at low surface brightness, and additional criteria, such as X-ray detection, are needed. We discuss the properties of the sample as a whole and compare it with similar samples in other nearby galaxies.
Parametric Decay Instability and Dissipation of Low-frequency Alfvén Waves in Low-beta Turbulent Plasmas
Authors: Fu Xiangrong , Li Hui , Guo Fan , Li Xiaocan , Roytershteyn Vadim 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Evolution of the parametric decay instability (PDI) of a circularly polarized Alfvén wave in a turbulent low-beta plasma background is investigated using 3D hybrid simulations. It is shown that the turbulence reduces the growth rate of PDI as compared to the linear theory predictions, but PDI can still exist. Interestingly, the damping rate of the ion acoustic mode (as the product of PDI) is also reduced as compared to the linear Vlasov predictions. Nonetheless, significant heating of ions in the direction parallel to the background magnetic field is observed due to resonant Landau damping of the ion acoustic waves. In low-beta turbulent plasmas, PDI can provide an important channel for energy dissipation of low-frequency Alfvén waves at a scale much larger than the ion kinetic scales, different from the traditional turbulence dissipation models.
The Infrared Medium-deep Survey. IV. The Low Eddington Ratio of A Faint Quasar at z ∼ 6: Not Every Supermassive Black Hole is Growing Fast in the Early Universe
Authors: Kim Yongjung , Im Myungshin , Jeon Yiseul , Kim Minjin , Hyun Minhee , Kim Dohyeong , Kim Jae-Woo , Taak Yoon Chan , Yoon Yongmin , Choi Changsu , Hong Jueun , Jun Hyunsung David , Karouzos Marios , Kim Duho , Kim Ji Hoon , Lee Seong-Kook , Pak Soojong , Park Won-Kee 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
To date, most of the luminous quasars known at z ∼ 6 have been found to be in maximal accretion with the Eddington ratios,

, suggesting enhanced nuclear activities in the early universe. However, this may not be the whole picture of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth, since previous studies have not reached faint quasars that are more likely to harbor SMBHs with low

. To gain a better understanding of the accretion activities in quasars in the early universe, we obtained a deep near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of a quasar, IMS J220417.92+011144.8 (hereafter IMS J2204+0112), one of the faintest quasars that has been identified at z ∼ 6. From the redshifted C iv
λ1549 emission line in the NIR spectrum, we find that IMS J2204+0112 harbors a SMBH with a solar mass of about a billion and

, but with a large uncertainty in both quantities (0.41 dex). IMS J2204+0112 has one of the lowest Eddington ratios among quasars at z ∼ 6, but a common value among quasars at z ∼ 2. Its low

can be explained with two scenarios; the SMBH growth from a stellar-mass black hole through short-duration super-Eddington accretion events or from a massive black hole seed (

) with Eddington-limited accretion. NIR spectra of more faint quasars are needed to better understand the accretion activities of SMBHs at z ∼ 6.
Ovarian Strumal Carcinoid Tumour: Case Report
Authors: Antovska Vesna S. , Krstevska Iskra , Trajanova Milka , Gosheva Irena , Chelebieva Jasmina , Prodanova Irina 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Ovarian strumal carcinoid is a germ cell tumour characterised by a mixture of thyroid tissue and carcinoid. Ovarian struma is a very rare occurrence with 0.3-1% incidence of all ovarian tumours and 3% of mature teratomas. Primary carcinoid ovarian tumours are still uncommon as a part of mature teratoma or mucinous cystadenoma. There are four major variants of a carcinoid tumour: insular, trabecular, strumal and mucinous. A strumal carcinoid is an unusual form of ovarian teratoma composed of an intimate admixture of thyroid/carcinoid tissues.CASE REPORT: This is a case report of a 59-year old woman with a 5-year clinical history of perimenopausal uterine bleeding and three explorative curettages. Gynaecological and ultrasound examinations revealed ovarian enlargement with a diameter of 50 mm with hypoechoic zones suspected of benign teratoma. The diagnostic test such as Ca-125, AFP, free-T4 and TSH was in normal range. A smooth, solid right ovarian 50 an mm-size tumour, as well as small amount of fluid in the Douglas pouch, was found during the total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and staging biopsy. The histopathology revealed teratoma with strumal carcinoid tumour IA stage according to AJCC 2010 of the right ovary and negative cytopathology of the fluid from the Douglas pouch. On the postoperative 2-year control, the patient was tumour free, and Ca-125, free-T4 and TSH were in normal range.CONCLUSION: We would like to point out those specific diagnostic tools, such as ultrasound and Ca-125 have low specificity and sensitivity in detection of this rare ovarian malignancy.
Des contes pour grandir. Donner des permissions aux enfants : « L’heure du conte » à l’école maternelle
Authors: Le Guernic Agnès 
Published: March 2018

Dans la première partie de la scolarité primaire qui correspond en France à l’école maternelle (de 3 à 6 ans), on favorise la réussite des enfants/élèves en leur donnant des permissions qu’ils ne reçoivent pas forcément chez eux. La lecture des contes traditionnels, pratique courante dans les classes, est une bonne occasion de leur donner ces permissions et de commencer l’alphabétisation émotionnelle. Les exemples que j’ai choisis sont « Blanche-Neige », conte des frères Grimm et « Le Chat Botté », conte de Perrault.
"Public relations and participatory culture," edited by A. L. Hutchins and N. T. J. Tindall
Authors: Bury Rhiannon 
Published: March 2018

Book review of A. L. Hutchins and N. T. J. Tindall, editors. Public Relations and Participatory Culture. New York: Routledge, 2016, hardcover, $160 (246p), ISBN 9781138787728; e-book, $60 (246p) ISBN 9781315766201
Oncolytic Reovirus Inhibits Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in a TLR3-Dependent Manner
Authors: Katayama Yuki , Tachibana Masashi , Kurisu Nozomi , Oya Yukako , Terasawa Yuichi , Goda Hiroshi , Kobiyama Kouji , Ishii Ken J. , Akira Shizuo , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Sakurai Fuminori 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Oncolytic reovirus, which possesses 10 segments of dsRNA genome, mediates antitumor effects via not only virus replication in a tumor cell–specific manner, but also activation of antitumor immunity; however, the mechanism(s) of reovirus-induced activation of antitumor immunity have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that overcoming an immunosuppressive environment in tumor-bearing hosts is important to achieve efficient activation of antitumor immunity. Among the various types of cells involved in immunosuppression, it has been revealed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are significantly increased in tumor-bearing hosts and play crucial roles in the immunosuppression in tumor-bearing hosts. In this study, we examined whether reovirus inhibits the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, resulting in efficient activation of immune cells after in vivo administration. The results showed that splenic MDSCs recovered from PBS-treated tumor-bearing mice significantly suppressed the Ag-specific proliferation of CD8+ T cells. In contrast, the suppressive activity of MDSCs on T cell proliferation was significantly reduced after reovirus administration. Reovirus also inhibited the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs in IFN-β promoter stimulator-1 knockout (KO) mice and in wild-type mice. In contrast, the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs in TLR-3 KO mice was not significantly altered by reovirus treatment. The activation levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly lower in TLR3 KO mice than in wild-type mice after reovirus administration. These results indicate that reovirus inhibits the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs in a TLR3, but not IFN-β promoter stimulator-1, signaling-dependent manner.