bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From institutionalized othering to disruptive collaboration
Authors: Holck Lotte , Muhr Sara Louise 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how the construction and everyday maintenance of racialized psychological borders in the Greenlandic Police Force reproduce a postcolonial hierarchy of knowledge, where Danish knowledge and perceptions of professionalism are constructed as superior to Greenlandic knowledge and perceptions of professionalism.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on an ethnographic study comprising 5 days of observation of a training course for Danish police officers going to Greenland on summer assistance, 13 days of observation of police work in Greenland, 2 days of participatory observation of a leadership development seminar in Greenland, 26 interviews conducted in Denmark and Greenland with both Danish and Greenlandic officers and interventions in Denmark and Greenland.FindingsThe racialized borders create strong perceptions of “us” and “them”, which are maintained and reinforced through everyday work practices. The borders have damaging effects on the way police officers collaborate in Greenland and as the borders are maintained through (often implicit) everyday micro-processes, management has difficulty dealing with it. However, the way the racialized borders became visible through this research project created an awareness of – and sparked conversation about – the colonial stereotypes that have constructed and reinforce the borders. This awareness opens up possibilities of collaborative disruption of those borders.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper shows how racialized borders limit the way professionalism is understood in the Greenlandic Police Force. But it also shows that, because these borders are socially constructed, they can be contested. Making the implicit everyday discrimination explicit through vignettes, for example, offers the chance to contest and disrupt the colonial hierarchy otherwise deeply embedded in the work practices of the police force.Originality/valueThanks to unique access to Greenland’s police force, this paper offers exclusive in-depth insights into current processes of racialization and colonialization in a contemporary colonial relationship.
Workplace spirituality, psychological well-being and mediating role of subjective stress
Authors: Mahipalan Manju , S. Sheena 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the impact of spirituality on subjective stress and psychological well-being (PWB). Additionally, the study also examines the mediating role of stress in the spirituality – well-being relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study is quantitative in nature. Data were collected from 322 secondary school teachers using a structured questionnaire. Partial least squares based structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data.FindingsResults indicated a positive relationship between spirituality and PWB but an inverse relationship between job stresses. Also, subjective stress was found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between spirituality and well-being.Social implicationsThe inner resource of spirituality among teachers can be tapped to cope with perceived stress levels thereby augmenting a sense of well-being. Psychologically clear and receptive minds are indispensable in the process of teaching.Originality/valueThe present study combines the evolving construct of workplace spirituality with PWB and subjective stress, which are under explored in the social sector.
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis 2018
Authors: Katoh Norito , Ohya Yukihiro , Ikeda Masanori , Ebihara Tamotsu , Katayama Ichiro , Saeki Hidehisa , Shimojo Naoki , Tanaka Akio , Nakahara Takeshi , Nagao Mizuho , Hide Michihiro , Fujita Yuji , Fujisawa Takao , Futamura Masaki , Masuda Koji , Murota Hiroyuki , Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a disease characterized by relapsing eczema with pruritus as a primary lesion. The current strategies to treat AD in Japan from the perspective of evidence‐based medicine consist of three primary measures: (i) the use of topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus ointment as the main treatment for the inflammation; (ii) topical application of emollients to treat the cutaneous barrier dysfunction; and (iii) avoidance of apparent exacerbating factors, psychological counseling and advice about daily life. The guidelines present recommendations to review clinical research articles, evaluate the balance between the advantages and disadvantages of medical activities, and optimize medical activity‐related patient outcomes with respect to several important points requiring decision‐making in clinical practice.
Frequency‐dependent PP and PS reflection coefficients in fractured media
Authors: Pang Shuo , Stovas Alexey 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWhen a porous layer is permeated by mesoscale fractures, wave‐induced fluid flow between pores and fractures can cause significant attenuation and dispersion of velocities and anisotropy parameters in the seismic frequency band. This intrinsic dispersion due to fracturing can create frequency‐dependent reflection coefficients in the layered medium. In this study, we derive the frequency‐dependent PP and PS reflection coefficients versus incidence angle in the fractured medium. We consider a two‐layer vertical transverse isotropy model constituted by an elastic shale layer and an anelastic sand layer. Using Chapman's theory, we introduce the intrinsic dispersion due to fracturing in the sand layer. Based on the series coefficients that control the behaviour of velocity and anisotropy parameters in the fractured medium at low frequencies, we extend the conventional amplitude‐versus‐offset equations into frequency domain and derive frequency‐dependent amplitude‐versus‐offset equations at the elastic–anelastic surface. Increase in fracture length or fracture density can enlarge the frequency dependence of amplitude‐versus‐offset attributes of PP and PS waves. Also, the frequency dependence of magnitude and phase angle of PP and PS reflection coefficients increases as fracture length or fracture density increases. Amplitude‐versus‐offset type of PP and PS reflection varies with fracture parameters and frequency. What is more, fracture length shows little impact on the frequency‐dependent critical phase angle, while the frequency dependence of the critical phase angle increases with fracture density.
Thriving in an expanding service landscape: Experiences of occupational therapists working in generic mental health roles within non‐government organisations in Australia
Authors: Goh Natalie Chiu Kui , Hancock Nicola , Honey Anne , Scanlan Justin Newton 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionOccupational therapists are an integral part of Australian mental health services. Recent changes in the mental health sector mean that increasing numbers of occupational therapists now work in generic, non‐profession‐specific roles in non‐government organisations. Previous research has identified a range of challenges faced by occupational therapists in generic roles, including reduced satisfaction and loss of professional identity. An exploration of potentially positive aspects and strategies that assist occupational therapists to succeed and flourish within generic roles is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore what assists occupational therapists to thrive within generic roles in Australia's non‐government mental health sector.MethodsSemi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 12 occupational therapists working in generic mental health roles across three non‐government organisations spanning three Australian states. Data were analysed thematically using constant comparative analysis.ResultsThriving was supported in three domains. First, occupational therapists facilitated their own thriving by keeping their occupational therapy lens, and managing ambiguity. Second, workplaces were supportive when their values aligned with occupational therapy core values, they recognised and valued the occupational therapy contribution, and their roles allowed opportunities for therapists to use their profession‐specific skills. Third, the broader occupational therapy profession assisted thriving through preparation, validation and ongoing inclusion.ConclusionDespite some challenges, occupational therapists can and do thrive in generic non‐government mental health roles. The preliminary framework of thriving provides valuable insights for those developing university curricula, those providing continuing professional development opportunities and for individual occupational therapists entering this expanding area of practice. Findings also provide insights into how individuals, academic curricula and the profession can respond and adapt to systemic transformations occurring in mental health service delivery.
Evaluating informative content and global coherence in fluent and non‐fluent aphasia
Authors: Hazamy Audrey A. , Obermeyer Jessica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiscourse analysis is an important component of aphasia assessment because it can provide an insight into functional communication abilities. However, there are many unknowns regarding the levels of discourse breakdowns that occur across aphasia types. The purpose of the current study is to explore the possible differences in discourse‐level communication in persons with fluent and non‐fluent aphasia during picture description.AimsTo examine if persons with fluent and non‐fluent aphasia differ on utterance‐level discourse measures when evaluating informative content and global coherence. Additionally, to evaluate and compare the types of global coherence violations made by each group.Methods & ProceduresData from 31 people with aphasia was collected from AphasiaBank, which included 13 people with fluent aphasia and 18 people with non‐fluent aphasia. Discourse samples from three picture descriptions were analysed. Discourse outcomes included utterances with new information (UNIs—relevant utterances containing new information) and global coherence (the extent to which each utterance maintained the overall discourse theme). Additionally, seven types of errors were identified to explore the nature of breakdowns in global coherence.Outcomes & ResultsPeople with fluent aphasia produced significantly higher proportions of UNIs and had significantly higher average global coherence ratings than those with non‐fluent aphasia. Differences in global coherence violations were identified with people with fluent aphasia producing more non‐specific, incorrect and off‐topic utterances and people with non‐fluent aphasia producing more incomplete utterances. One of the most common global coherence error types in both groups was commentary.Conclusions & ImplicationsAlthough people with fluent aphasia produced more types of global coherence errors, including incorrect, non‐specific and off‐topic utterances, the group was still rated significantly higher on utterance relevance and topic maintenance, indicating that the ability to produce a complete utterance plays an important role in some aspects of discourse production. Additionally, these findings provide an insight into potential targets for intervention.
Interaction and assembly processes of abundant and rare microbial communities during a diatom bloom process
Authors: Zhang Huajun , Hou Fanrong , Xie Weijuan , Wang Kai , Zhou Xiaoyan , Zhang Demin , Zhu Xiangyu 
Published: October 2019

SummaryDiatom blooms can significantly influence the dynamics of microbial communities, yet little is known about the interaction and assembly mechanisms of abundant and rare taxa during bloom process. Here, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we investigated the co‐occurrence patterns and assembly processes of abundant and rare microbial communities during an early spring diatom bloom in Xiangshan bay. Our results showed that α‐diversity indices in the rare subcommunity (RS) were significantly higher than those in the abundant and common subcommunities. β‐Diversity of the RS was the highest among three subcommunities, and the variation of β‐diversity in the three subcommunities was mainly induced by species turnover, which was also the highest in the RS. The assembly of microbial communities was mainly driven by the neutral processes, but the roles of neutral processes might differ in each subcommunity. Co‐occurrence network analysis revealed that abundant and common operational taxonomic units were more often located in central positions within the network. Most of the modules in the network were specific to a particular bloom stage, owing to the succession of Skeletonema costatum. Overall, these findings expand current understanding of the microbial interaction and assembly mechanisms in marine environment suffering harmful algal bloom disturbance.
Identification of a complete dibenzothiophene biodesulfurization operon and its regulator by functional metagenomics
Authors: Martín‐Cabello Guadalupe , Terrón‐González Laura , Ferrer Manuel , Santero Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

SummaryFunctional screening for aromatic ring oxygenases of an oil contaminated soil metagenome identified 25 different clones bearing monooxygenases coding genes. One fosmid bore an operon containing four tightly linked genes coding for a complete dibenzothiophene biodesulfurization pathway, which included the predicted monooxygenases DszC and DszA, the desulfinase DszB, and an FMN‐oxidoreductase designated DszE. The dszEABC operon provided Escherichia coli with the ability to use dibenzothiophene as the only sulfur source. Transcription of the operon is driven from a σN‐dependent promoter and regulated by an activator that was designated dszR. DszR has been purified and characterized in vitro and shown to be a constitutively active σN‐dependent activator of the group IV, which binds to two contiguous sequences located upstream of the promoter. The dsz promoter and dszE and dszR genes have apparently been recruited from an aliphatic sulfonate biodegradation pathway. If transcribed from a heterologous upstream promoter, the σN‐dependent promoter region functions as an ‘insulator’ that prevents translation of dszE, by binding with its ribosome binding site. Translational coupling, in turn, prevents translation of the downstream dszABC genes. The silencer combined with translational coupling thus represents an effective way of preventing expression of operons when spuriously transcribed from upstream promoters.
Long‐term effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on soil microbial community structure and function under continuous wheat production
Authors: Li Yunliang , Tremblay Julien , Bainard Luke D. , Cade‐Menun Barbara , Hamel Chantal 
Published: October 2019

SummarySoil microorganisms play a critical role in the biosphere, and the influence of cropland fertilization on the evolution of soil as a living entity is being actively documented. In this study, we used a shotgun metagenomics approach to globally expose the effects of 50‐year N and P fertilization of wheat on soil microbial community structure and function, and their potential involvement in overall N cycling. Nitrogen (N) fertilization increased alpha diversity in archaea and fungi while reducing it in bacteria. Beta diversity of archaea, bacteria and fungi, as well as soil function, were also mainly driven by N fertilization. The abundance of archaea was negatively impacted by N fertilization while bacterial and fungal abundance was increased. The responses of N metabolism‐related genes to fertilization differed in archaea, bacteria and fungi. All archaeal N metabolic processes were decreased by N fertilization, while denitrification, assimilatory nitrate reduction and organic‐N metabolism were highly increased by N fertilization in bacteria. Nitrate assimilation was the main contribution of fungi to N cycling. Thaumarchaeota and Halobacteria in archaea; Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria in bacteria; and Sordariomycetes in fungi participated dominantly and widely in soil N metabolic processes.
‘Built for expansion’: the ‘social life’ of the WHO's mental health GAP Intervention Guide
Authors: Mills China , Hilberg Eva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe focus of this study is the WHO's mhGAP‐Intervention Guide (mhGAP‐IG) 2.0 (2016), an evidence‐based tool and guideline to help detect, diagnose and manage the most common mental disorders, designed for use by non‐specialists globally but particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This research is a starting point in tracing the multiple ‘doings’ of mhGAP‐IG – connecting questions of how it is ‘done’ and what does it ‘do’ – to the living histories and wider global mental health assemblages that make the tool possible and shape its global circulation. We examine the conditions of possibility that produce and legitimate mhGAP‐IG, and the ways these are ‘black boxed’ through casting mhGAP‐IG in technical rather than epistemological terms. The study illuminates how its explicit design for global expansion positions mhGAP‐IG as open to questioning from those who are technical ‘insiders’ and setting the epistemological parameters of its own critique. It analyses mhGAP‐IG as an ‘inscription device’ that inscribes and materialises algorithmic imaginaries of mental health that impact on design and local implementation. This study is one attempt at initiating dialogue with the WHO from perspectives and methodological approaches not usually included in the conversation.
Smart textiles: transforming the practice of medicalisation and health care
Authors: Joyce Kelly 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSmart textile medical devices are forms of clothing that use sensors and fabrics to monitor bodily processes and communicate with data systems through wireless transmission. To investigate the co‐evolution of digital technologies and health care practices, this study draws on focus group and fieldwork data to analyse the sociological implications of the creation of two smart textile devices: one – the bellyband – will replace the tocodynamometer and foetal heart rate monitor during labour and birth in hospitals and the other – the babyband – will replace the cardiopulmonary monitor in neonatal intensive care units. Analysis of potential users’ views of smart textiles demonstrates the contemporary contours of medicalisation and surveillance medicine. Smart textiles blur the boundary between hospital/medicine and home/daily life. In this blurring, medicalisation becomes “cozy” or “comfortable” and surveillance takes on a friendly form. Smart textile medical devices thus fit into broader trends in health care in which hospitals are designed to be homelike and intimate even as patients and devices become fully integrated into data systems.
Navigating the cartographies of trust: how patients and carers establish the credibility of online treatment claims
Authors: Petersen Alan , Tanner Claire , Munsie Megan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDigital media offer citizens novel ways of ‘enacting’ health and illness, and treatment and care. However, while digital media may so ‘empower’ citizens, those searching for credible information will be confronted with various, often‐conflicting claims that may have ‘disempowering’ effects. This article uses Gieryn's concept of the ‘cultural cartography’ to explore the criteria that patients and carers employ in establishing the credibility of information on alleged treatments. Drawing on data from interviews with Australian patients and carers who have travelled or considered travelling abroad for unproven commercial stem cell treatments, the article examines how individuals assess rival sources of epistemic authority – science‐based and non‐science‐based – as they search for credible information. As we argue, in a context where conventional treatment options are perceived to be limited or non‐existent – which is likely to be the case with those suffering severe, life‐limiting conditions – and the credibility of sources uncertain, matters of opinion and belief are prone to being interpreted as matters of fact, with potentially far‐reaching implications for citizens’ health. Revealing the mechanisms by which individuals ascribe credibility to health information, we conclude, has become crucial as digital media assume a growing role in health and healthcare and governments encourage citizens to become ‘digitally literate’.
The datafication of reproduction: time‐lapse embryo imaging and the commercialisation of IVF
Authors: van de Wiel Lucy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe 21st century has witnessed the emergence of in silico reproduction alongside the familiar in vitro reproduction (e.g. IVF), as increasingly large and automatically‐generated data sets have come to play an instrumental role in assisted reproduction. The article addresses this datafication of reproduction by analysing time‐lapse embryo imaging, a key data‐driven technology for embryo selection in IVF cycles. It discusses the new forms of knowledge and value creation enabled by data‐driven embryo selection and positions this technology as a harbinger of a wider datafication of (reproductive) health. By analysing the new ways of seeing embryos with ‘in silico vision,’ the ‘data generativity’ of developing embryos and the patenting of embryo selection algorithms, I argue that this datafied method of embryo selection may not just result in more or less ‘IVF success,’ but also affects the conceptualisation and commercialisation of the assisted reproductive process. In doing so, I highlight how the datafication of reproduction both reflects and reinforces a consolidating trend in the fertility sector—characterised by mergers resulting in larger fertility chains, online platforms organising fertility care and expanded portfolios of companies aiming to cover each step of the IVF cycle.
A natural strategy to improve the shelf life of the loaf bread against toxigenic fungi: The employment of fermented whey powder
Authors: Luz Carlos , Rodriguez Lorena , Romano Raffaele , Mañes Jorge , Meca Giuseppe 
Published: October 2019

Whey powders are used as food ingredients in many applications, from bakery goods, soups and sauces to baby food. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antifungal property of a whey‐based medium (WM) fermented by lactic acid bacteria. The antifungal activity of the WM was evaluated using antifungal tests on solid and liquid media. MIC and MFC ranged from 15.6 to 250 mg/mL and 62.5 to 250 mg/mL, respectively. Using fermented WM for dough preparation produced a reduction of Penicillium expansum growth of 0.5–0.6 log CFU/g and an improvement in shelf life of 1–2 days in relation to control bread.