bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masticatory ability improves after maxillary implant overdenture treatment: A randomized controlled trial with 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Boven Geessien C. , Speksnijder Caroline M. , Meijer Henny J.A. , Vissink Arjan , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of maxillary implant overdentures on masticatory ability in edentulous patients with complaints regarding their conventional maxillary dentures is unknown.PurposeTo assess the change in objective masticatory ability (mixing ability index, MAI), patient reported masticatory ability (questionnaire), and patient satisfaction (GSS) after maxillary implant overdenture treatment with either solitary attachments or bars.Materials and MethodsTwo groups randomly received four‐implant maxillary overdentures on either solitary attachments (group I, n = 25) or bars (group II, n = 25). The MAI, questionnaire, and GSS were scored before (T0) and 12 months (T12) after treatment.ResultsAfter treatment, both groups had significantly better MAI outcomes, better questionnaire scores and better GSS. Post‐treatment questionnaire scores and GSS were significantly better for group II. Before treatment a strong, positive correlation between the MAI and the questionnaire was found for all participants who had had full conventional dentures combined (group I, n = 17; group II, n = 3).ConclusionMixing ability was the same for all the participants treated with maxillary implant overdentures on either solitary attachments or bars. Patient reported masticatory ability and satisfaction was better for participants treated with maxillary implant overdentures on bars. There was a correlation between MAI and patient reported masticatory ability in participants with full conventional dentures.
A 2‐year prospective case series on volumetric changes, PROMs, and clinical outcomes following sinus floor elevation using deproteinized bovine bone mineral as filling material
Authors: Younes Faris , Cosyn Jan , De Bruyckere Thomas , Cleymaet Robbert , Eghbali Aryan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundA sinus floor augmentation may be indicated when a lack of hard tissue impedes implant placement. Although clinically successful, evidence supporting the long‐term three‐dimensional stability of the grafted volume is scarce. Second, evidence on the patient's acceptance of this type of treatment is limited.PurposeFirst is to evaluate the changes in graft volume after lateral wall sinus lifting based on superimposed cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and then to assess patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and clinical outcomes.Materials and MethodsPartially edentulous patients in need of a sinus lift and fixed reconstruction on at least two neighboring implants were selected for a prospective case series. Lateral wall sinus augmentation was performed using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) as the only filling material. Volumetric changes were quantified on the basis of a preoperative CBCT and three postoperative CBCTs (at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 2 years). PROMs and clinical parameters were registered.ResultsTwenty‐two patients (7 males, 15 females; mean age 59 years) participated of which three patients dropped out during the follow up. Graft volumes amounted to 1418.26 mm3 at 2 weeks, 1201.21 mm3 at 3 months, and 1130.13 mm3 at 2 years postoperative pointing to a relative graft volume stability of 79.7%. Swelling was the leading symptom during the first week. A peak in visual analogue scale scores was observed for pain, swelling, and hematoma the day of surgery and 1 day postoperation with a statistically significant decline between days 3 and 7. Hemorrhage and nose bleeding occurred in 18.2% and 27.3% of the subjects, respectively. About 95.5% of the subjects would undergo the treatment again. All implants integrated successfully and demonstrated healthy clinical conditions.ConclusionLateral wall sinus augmentation using DBBM as the only filling material is a viable treatment concept given limited graft resorption, good patients' tolerance, and clinical outcomes.
Impact of patient characteristics on edentulous subjects’ preferences for prosthodontic rehabilitation with implants
Authors: Leles Cláudio R. , Dias Danilo R. , Nogueira Túlio E. , McKenna Gerald , Schimmel Martin , Jordão Lidia M. R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of patient characteristics on edentulous subjects’ preferences for different prosthodontic treatments with implants.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out with 131 edentulous subjects referred for treatment at a university clinic. Participants received detailed information about available treatment options and were asked to rank their preferences among three alternatives for rehabilitation of the maxilla and mandible: conventional dentures (CD), 2‐implant‐retained overdentures (IOD), or 4‐implant fixed dentures (IFD). Individual data and prosthodontic‐related variables were assessed through interviews. Oral health‐related quality of life impacts was measured using the Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for edentulous subjects (OHIP‐Edent). Descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used for data analysis.ResultsThe majority of participants chose CD as their most preferred treatment for the maxilla (45.8%), while IFD was the most prevalent choice for the mandible (38.9%). Regression analysis showed that the OHIP‐Edent “oral pain and dysfunction” (OPD) domain scores were positively associated with IOD preference for the maxilla (OR = 1.31; p = 0.010) and mandible (OR = 1.46; p = 0.002) and with IFD preference for the mandible (OR = 1.20; p = 0.031). Subjects with lower levels of formal education and those with lower income levels were less likely to choose IFD.ConclusionLevel of education, income, and perceived quality of life impacts are potentially predictive variables of edentulous patients’ preference for rehabilitation with implants. These factors may constitute important aspects to be considered by clinicians when treatment planning for edentulous patients.
A case‐control study of the association between sialolithiasis and osteoporosis
Authors: Hung Shih‐Han , Xirasagar Sudha , Cheng Yen‐Fu , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between osteoporosis and salivary gland stone using a population‐based claims database.DesignA case‐control design.SettingTaiwan.ParticipantsWe retrieved the sample for this case‐control study from the Taiwan “Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005.” All 557 patients aged 40 years or older with a diagnosis of sialolithiasis were cases, and 1671 matched controls (without sialolithiasis) were selected.Subjects and MethodsWe used the chi‐square test to explore differences between cases and controls on socio‐demographic characteristics. Furthermore, conditional logistic regressions were used to examine the association of sialolithiasis with previously diagnosed osteoporosis.ResultsOf 2228 sampled patients, 171 (7.68%) had ever been previously diagnosed with osteoporosis; 58 (10.41%) among cases and 113 (6.76%) among controls (P = 0.005). Conditional logistic regression analysis found that the odds ratio (OR) of prior osteoporosis for cases was 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24‐2.59, P = 0.002) relative to controls after adjusting for urbanisation and the selected medical co‐morbidities. Furthermore, we found that among patients aged ≥65 years, the adjusted OR of prior osteoporosis for cases was 1.89 (95% CI = 1.02‐3.51). No significant relationship was observed among patients aged <65 years old.ConclusionThis study demonstrates an association between sialolithiasis and osteoporosis. Although the finding warrants further investigation, the results call for more awareness of the possible concurrence of osteoporosis among physicians and patients with salivary gland stones.
A cohort study of local excision followed by adjuvant therapy incorporating a contact X‐ray brachytherapy boost instead of radical resection in 180 patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Smith F. M. , Pritchard D. M. , Wong H. , Whitmarsh K. , Hershman M. J. , Sun Myint A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimRecent data have suggested near‐equivalent oncological results when treating early rectal cancer by local excision followed by radio‐ ± chemotherapy rather than salvage radical surgery. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the use of contact X‐ray brachytherapy within this paradigm.MethodAll patients had undergone local excision and were referred to our radiotherapy centre for treatment with contact X‐ray brachytherapy. Postoperative (chemo)radiotherapy was also given in their local hospital in most cases. Variables assessed were local excision method, postoperative therapy received, follow‐up duration, disease‐free survival, salvage surgery and stoma‐free survival.ResultsIn total, 180 patients with a median age of 70 (range 36–99) years were assessed. Following local excision, pT stages were pT1 = 131 (72%), pT2 = 44 (26%), pT3 = 5 (2%). All patients received contact X‐ray brachytherapy boosting at our centre and, in addition, 110 received chemoradiotherapy and 60 received radiotherapy alone. After a median follow‐up of 36 months (range 6–48), 169 patients (94%) remained free of local recurrence. Of the 11 patients with local recurrence (three isolated nodal), five underwent salvage abdominoperineal excision. Eight patients developed distant disease, of whom five underwent metastasis surgery. At last included follow‐up 173 (96%) patients were free of all disease and 170 (94%) were stoma free.ConclusionsContact therapy can be offered in addition to external beam radio (±chemo) therapy instead of radical surgery as follow‐on treatment after local excision of early rectal cancer. This combination can provide equivalent outcomes to radical surgery. The added value of contact therapy should be formally assessed in a clinical trial.
Shareholder wealth effects of cultural diversity among blockholders: Evidence from cross‐border acquisitions by U.S.‐listed companies
Authors: Chen Victor Zitian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearch question/issueThis paper studies whether and how diversity among blockholders in their cultural preferences may affect short‐term shareholder wealth. Blockholders often hold diverse objectives, leading to principal–principal (PP) conflicts in cross‐border acquisitions (CBAs). The literature, however, is unclear on whether they have diverse cultural preferences when it comes to the location choice in CBAs and, if so, how such diversity affects short‐term shareholder wealth surrounding the announcement of a CBA. Integrating agency and resource dependence perspectives, this paper argues that such diversity has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with shareholder wealth.Research findings/insightsThe theory is tested using a sample of 2,571 nonfinancial CBAs made by U.S.‐listed companies between 2002 and 2014. Results suggest an inverted U‐shaped relationship between diversity in host‐market cultural distance propensities among five types of blockholders (family, corporations, bank and insurance companies, resistant financial institutions, and government) and the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) attributable to CBA announcements.Theoretical/academic implicationsFirst, international corporate governance scholars should understand the nonfinancial motivations of shareholders when evaluating potential conflicts in internationalization strategy and performance. Second, future studies should recognize that PP issues in the multinational firm are a multidimensional construct, composed of multiple sources of conflicts beyond the traditional focus on controlling‐versus‐minority shareholders. Lastly, the PP literature should shift its rhetoric from conflicts to a good balance between benefits and conflicts, depending on the degree of heterogeneity among principals.Practitioner/policy implicationsAn optimal ownership structure may involve moderate diversity among blockholders in their nonfinancial preferences. This optimal level should bring in diverse resources and perspectives from different blockholders, while keeping coordinating costs moderate for aligning different goals of these blockholders.
A semi‐aza‐crown‐based chemosensor for colorimetric detection of iron(III) and iron(II) in aqueous media with large bathochromic shift
Authors: Chae Ju Byeong , Kim Cheal 
Published: February 2019

A colorimetric chemosensor, EDDAN (1,1′‐((1E,11E)‐5,8‐dioxa‐2,11‐diazadodeca‐1,11‐diene‐1,12‐diyl)bis(naphthalen‐2‐ol)), based on a semi‐aza‐crown structure, was designed and synthesised to sense iron(III) and iron(II). EDDAN showed a unique colour change in the presence of either iron(III) or iron(II), turning from pale yellow to deep purple with large bathochromic shifts. The detection limits of iron(III) and iron(II) were 2.70 and 3.43 μm, respectively. EDDAN displayed a high selectivity for iron ions in the presence of other metal cations except copper(II). In addition, EDDAN showed excellent reversibility by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Moreover, EDDAN was applied to test strips as well. Based on ultraviolet‐visible titrations, Job plots, electron paramagnetic resonance study and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry analyses, a mechanism for the sensing of iron(III) and iron(II) was also proposed.
Polydopamine‐coated silk yarn for improving the light fastness of natural dyes
Authors: Kesornsit Sanhanut , Jitjankarn Phichet , Sajomsang Warayuth , Gonil Pattarapond , Bremner John B. , Chairat Montra 
Published: February 2019

One of the problems occasionally associated with the use of natural dyes in the dyeing of silk is the susceptibility of the dyed yarn to fading in light. While a number of approaches have been used to address this problem, the use of polydopamine (PDA), a known agent with photo‐protective properties, has not been assessed previously. In this study, silk was pretreated with nano‐particulate PDA formed in situ by oxidation of a dopamine solution, then dyed with lac dye or annatto dye as model natural dyes. Photofading rates were significantly reduced in the case of annatto‐dyed, PDA‐coated silk relative to uncoated silk, while wash fastness was unaffected and remained only moderately good. In contrast, no significant change was seen in photofading rates with treated or untreated lac‐dyed silk, and wash fastness was also unaffected. The PDA did not adversely affect resultant colour values if the concentration of the dopamine precursor was kept low. When this was done, acceptable colours were obtained in the dyed silk. Further investigation is warranted of PDA as a photofading protectant and mordant with other natural dyes on silk and other fibres.
Improving functional outcomes in early‐stage bipolar disorder: The protocol for the REsearch into COgnitive and behavioural VERsatility trial
Authors: Cotton Sue M. , Berk Michael , Jackson Henry , Murray Greg , Filia Kate , Hasty Melissa , Chanen Andrew , Davey Christopher , Nelson Barnaby , Ratheesh Aswin , MacNeil Craig 
Published: February 2019

AimYoung people with bipolar disorder (BD) commonly experience reduced quality of life, persistent symptoms and impaired functional recovery despite often superior school performance. Compromised long‐term functioning can ensue. There is evidence that psychological therapies alongside pharmacology may be more efficacious earlier in the course of the disorder. Intervention in the early stages may thus reduce the burden and risk associated with BD and mitigate the impact of the disorder on normal developmental trajectories. To date, however, the availability of evidence‐based psychological therapies for young people with early BD is limited. Furthermore, there are no large‐scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of such interventions.MethodsThe study is a prospective, single‐blind, RCT examining the effectiveness of an adjunctive individualized and manualized psychological intervention, compared with treatment as usual within youth‐specific early intervention services. The REsearch into COgnitive and behavioural VERsatility (RECOVER) intervention is delivered over a 6‐month period. About 122 young people in the early stages of BD‐I (at least one manic episode in the previous 2 years, with no more than five lifetime treated/untreated manic or hypomanic episodes) will be recruited. The assessments will occur at baseline, 3, 6 (primary endpoint, end of treatment), 9, 12, 15 and 18 months.ResultsRecruitment will commence in January 2019 and is anticipated to occur over a 3.5‐year period.ConclusionsTo date, there are no evidence‐based psychological therapies tailored to young people with early BD. We will test whether early psychological intervention in the course of BD can reduce the symptomatic, psychological, vocational and social impacts that are seen in entrenched disorder.
The shape of abundance distributions across temperature gradients in reef fishes
Authors: Waldock Conor , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Edgar Graham J. , Bird Tomas J. , Bates Amanda E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImproving predictions of ecological responses to climate change requires understanding how local abundance relates to temperature gradients, yet many factors influence local abundance in wild populations. We evaluated the shape of thermal‐abundance distributions using 98 422 abundance estimates of 702 reef fish species worldwide. We found that curved ceilings in local abundance related to sea temperatures for most species, where local abundance declined from realised thermal ‘optima’ towards warmer and cooler environments. Although generally supporting the abundant‐centre hypothesis, many species also displayed asymmetrical thermal‐abundance distributions. For many tropical species, abundances did not decline at warm distribution edges due to an unavailability of warmer environments at the equator. Habitat transitions from coral to macroalgal dominance in subtropical zones also influenced abundance distribution shapes. By quantifying the factors constraining species’ abundance, we provide an important empirical basis for improving predictions of community re‐structuring in a warmer world.
Functional MRI and direct cortical stimulation: Prediction of postoperative language decline
Authors: Rolinski Rachel , Austermuehle Alison , Wiggs Edythe , Agrawal Shubhi , Sepeta Leigh N. , Gaillard William D. , Zaghloul Kareem A. , Inati Sara K. , Theodore William H. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo assess the ability of functional MRI (fMRI) to predict postoperative language decline compared to direct cortical stimulation (DCS) in epilepsy surgery patients.MethodsIn this prospective case series, 17 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy had intracranial monitoring and resection from 2012 to 2016 with 1‐year follow‐up. All patients completed preoperative language fMRI, mapping with DCS of subdural electrodes, pre‐ and postoperative neuropsychological testing for language function, and resection. Changes in language function before and after surgery were assessed. fMRI activation and DCS electrodes in the resection were evaluated as potential predictors of language decline.ResultsFour of 17 patients (12 female; median [range] age, 43 [23‐59] years) experienced postoperative language decline 1 year after surgery. Two of 4 patients had overlap of fMRI activation, language‐positive electrodes in basal temporal regions (within 1 cm), and resection. Two had overlap between resection volume and fMRI activation, but not DCS. fMRI demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 46% specificity for outcome compared to DCS (50% and 85%, respectively). When fMRI and DCS language findings were concordant, the combined tests showed 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity for language outcome. Seizure‐onset age, resection side, type, volume, or 1 year seizure outcome did not predict language decline.SignificanceLanguage localization overlap of fMRI and direct cortical stimulation in the resection influences postoperative language performance. Our preliminary study suggests that fMRI may be more sensitive and less specific than direct cortical stimulation. Together they may predict outcome better than either test alone.
Shift down, look up: A test of the non‐linearity and fear hypothesis in a non‐vocal skink
Authors: Yan Kaylee M. , Pinto Sienna P. , Vartany Celine , Blumstein Daniel T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe non‐linearity and fear hypothesis predicts that certain non‐linear sounds are one way to evoke antipredator responses in both birds and mammals. This hypothesis, however, has not been studied in non‐vocal species or in reptiles. Such a study would be important because if non‐linear sounds are evocative even in a species that does not produce sounds, then there may be generally salient cues of risk in these sounds. We asked whether non‐vocal lizards, white‐bellied copper‐striped skinks (Emoia cyanura), respond to experimentally broadcast non‐linearities. This species is ideal to ask the question in because prior research has shown that they respond to predator sounds and alarm calls of other species even though they are not vocal. We conducted playback experiments with three computer‐generated simulated non‐linearities to assess whether or not skinks increased antipredator behavior after hearing them. We controlled for novelty by broadcasting a 3‐kHz, 500‐ms pure tone and tropical kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) song. Our treatments consisted of a 3‐kHz, 400‐ms pure tone followed by a frequency shift up to 5‐kHz for 100‐ms, a 3‐kHz, 400‐ms pure tone to frequency shift down to 1‐kHz for 100‐ms, and a pure tone followed by 100‐ms of white noise. Following a total of 222 playbacks, we categorized responses into looking, locomotion, and high locomotion, focusing on how skinks changed their rates of time allocation from baseline. We examined 95% confidence intervals to identify whether skinks responded to playbacks and fitted general linear models followed by pairwise comparisons to ask whether skinks discriminated between broadcast stimuli. We found that skinks were especially responsive to frequency downshifts: They significantly increased looking and locomotion, consistent with our predictions based on the non‐linearity and fear hypothesis. Surprisingly, they decreased rates of looking behavior after hearing frequency upshifts, possibly suggesting an increase in relaxed behavior. While skinks responded to noise by increasing their rate of locomotion, this response was not significantly different from controls. We conclude that skinks increase antipredator behavior after hearing downshifts more than any other type of non‐linearity. This provides some support for the non‐linearity and fear hypothesis; even non‐vocal species may respond fearfully to specific types of non‐linear sounds.
The EPO as patent law‐maker in Europe
Authors: Plomer Aurora 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article examines the role of the European Patent Organisation (EPO) in the European patent system. It shows how the delineation of European patent law has been handed over by governments to an autonomous, quasi‐judicial technocracy at the EPO and reveals how the process of hollowing out economic and political factors in the grant of patents is assisted by the deference of national courts to the EPO and the creation of the Unified Patent Court. It suggests that these developments pose a threat to democratic governance of the patent system in Europe because the delineation of intellectual property rights has inherent economic and political dimensions which are not reducible to technical legal issues of interpretation or technocratic expertise.