bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate action is the best strategy when facing uncertain climate change
Authors: Abou Chakra Maria , Bumann Silke , Schenk Hanna , Oschlies Andreas , Traulsen Arne 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMitigating the detrimental effects of climate change is a collective problem that requires global cooperation. However, achieving cooperation is difficult since benefits are obtained in the future. The so-called collective-risk game, devised to capture dangerous climate change, showed that catastrophic economic losses promote cooperation when individuals know the timing of a single climatic event. In reality, the impact and timing of climate change is not certain; moreover, recurrent events are possible. Thus, we devise a game where the risk of a collective loss can recur across multiple rounds. We find that wait and see behavior is successful only if players know when they need to contribute to avoid danger and if contributions can eliminate the risks. In all other cases, act quickly is more successful, especially under uncertainty and the possibility of repeated losses. Furthermore, we incorporate influential factors such as wealth inequality and heterogeneity in risks. Even under inequality individuals should contribute early, as long as contributions have the potential to decrease risk. Most importantly, we find that catastrophic scenarios are not necessary to induce such immediate collective action.
Early Palaeozoic ocean anoxia and global warming driven by the evolution of shallow burrowing
Authors: van de Velde Sebastiaan , Mills Benjamin J. W. , Meysman Filip J. R. , Lenton Timothy M. , Poulton Simon W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe evolution of burrowing animals forms a defining event in the history of the Earth. It has been hypothesised that the expansion of seafloor burrowing during the Palaeozoic altered the biogeochemistry of the oceans and atmosphere. However, whilst potential impacts of bioturbation on the individual phosphorus, oxygen and sulphur cycles have been considered, combined effects have not been investigated, leading to major uncertainty over the timing and magnitude of the Earth system response to the evolution of bioturbation. Here we integrate the evolution of bioturbation into the COPSE model of global biogeochemical cycling, and compare quantitative model predictions to multiple geochemical proxies. Our results suggest that the advent of shallow burrowing in the early Cambrian contributed to a global low-oxygen state, which prevailed for ~100 million years. This impact of bioturbation on global biogeochemistry likely affected animal evolution through expanded ocean anoxia, high atmospheric CO2 levels and global warming.
Human in vivo-generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages cross-present antigens through a vacuolar pathway
Authors: Tang-Huau Tsing-Lee , Gueguen Paul , Goudot Christel , Durand Mélanie , Bohec Mylène , Baulande Sylvain , Pasquier Benoit , Amigorena Sebastian , Segura Elodie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPresentation of exogenous antigens on MHC-I molecules, termed cross-presentation, is essential for cytotoxic CD8+T cell responses. In mice, dendritic cells (DCs) that arise from monocytes (mo-DCs) during inflammation have a key function in these responses by cross-presenting antigens locally in peripheral tissues. Whether human naturally-occurring mo-DCs can cross-present is unknown. Here, we use human mo-DCs and macrophages directly purified from ascites to address this question. Single-cell RNA-seq data show that ascites CD1c+DCs contain exclusively monocyte-derived cells. Both ascites mo-DCs and monocyte-derived macrophages cross-present efficiently, but are inefficient for transferring exogenous proteins into their cytosol. Inhibition of cysteine proteases, but not of proteasome, abolishes cross-presentation in these cells. We conclude that human monocyte-derived cells cross-present exclusively using a vacuolar pathway. Finally, only ascites mo-DCs provide co-stimulatory signals to induce effector cytotoxic CD8+T cells. Our findings thus provide important insights on how to harness cross-presentation for therapeutic purposes.
BrlR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a receptor for both cyclic di-GMP and pyocyanin
Authors: Wang Feng , He Qing , Yin Jia , Xu Sujuan , Hu Wei , Gu Lichuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe virulence factor pyocyanin and the intracellular second messenger cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) play key roles in regulating biofilm formation and multi-drug efflux pump expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the crosstalk between these two signaling pathways remains unclear. Here we show that BrlR (PA4878), previously identified as a c-di-GMP responsive transcriptional regulator, acts also as a receptor for pyocyanin. Crystal structures of free BrlR and c-di-GMP-bound BrlR reveal that the DNA-binding domain of BrlR contains two separate c-di-GMP binding sites, both of which are involved in promoting brlR expression. In addition, we identify a pyocyanin-binding site on the C-terminal multidrug-binding domain based on the structure of the BrlR-C domain in complex with a pyocyanin analog. Biochemical analysis indicates that pyocyanin enhances BrlR-DNA binding and brlR expression in a concentration-dependent manner.
Giant antidamping orbital torque originating from the orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect in ferromagnetic heterostructures
Authors: Chen Xi , Liu Yang , Yang Guang , Shi Hui , Hu Chen , Li Minghua , Zeng Haibo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnhancing the in-plane current-induced torque efficiency in inversion-symmetry-breaking ferromagnetic heterostructures is of both fundamental and practical interests for emerging magnetic memory device applications. Here, we present an interface-originated magnetoelectric effect, the orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect, for realizing large torque efficiency in Pt/Co/SiO2/Pt films with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The key element is a pronounced Co 3d orbital splitting due to asymmetric orbital hybridization at the Pt/Co and Co/SiO2 interfaces, which not only stabilizes the PMA but also produces a large orbital torque upon the Co magnetization with current injection. The torque efficiency is found to be strongly magnetization direction- and temperature-dependent, and can reach up to 2.83 at room temperature, which is several times to one order of magnitude larger than those previously reported. This work highlights the active role of the orbital anisotropy for efficient torque generation and indicates a route for torque efficiency optimization through orbital engineering.
Impacts of warming on top-down and bottom-up controls of periphyton production
Authors: Kazanjian Garabet , Velthuis Mandy , Aben Ralf , Stephan Susanne , Peeters Edwin T. H. M. , Frenken Thijs , Touwen Jelle , Xue Fei , Kosten Sarian , Van de Waal Dedmer B. , de Senerpont Domis Lisette N. , van Donk Ellen , Hilt Sabine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGlobal warming profoundly impacts the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Nonetheless, the effect of warming on primary producers is poorly understood, especially periphyton production, which is affected both directly and indirectly by temperature-sensitive top-down and bottom-up controls. Here, we study the impact of warming on gross primary production in experimental ecosystems with near-realistic foodwebs during spring and early summer. We used indoor mesocosms following a temperate temperature regime (control) and a warmed (+4 °C) treatment to measure biomass and production of phytoplankton and periphyton. The mesocosms’ primary production was dominated by periphyton (>82%) during the studied period (April-June). Until May, periphyton production and biomass were significantly higher in the warm treatment (up to 98% greater biomass compared to the control) due to direct temperature effects on growth and indirect effects resulting from higher sediment phosphorus release. Subsequently, enhanced grazer abundances seem to have counteracted the positive temperature effect causing a decline in periphyton biomass and production in June. We thus show, within our studied period, seasonally distinct effects of warming on periphyton, which can significantly affect overall ecosystem primary production and functioning.
A Canonical Biophysical Model of the CsrA Global Regulator Suggests Flexible Regulator-Target Interactions
Authors: Leistra A. N. , Gelderman G. , Sowa S. W. , Moon-Walker A. , Salis H. M. , Contreras L. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBacterial global post-transcriptional regulators execute hundreds of interactions with targets that display varying molecular features while retaining specificity. Herein, we develop, validate, and apply a biophysical, statistical thermodynamic model of canonical target mRNA interactions with the CsrA global post-transcriptional regulator to understand the molecular features that contribute to target regulation. Altogether, we model interactions of CsrA with a pool of 236 mRNA: 107 are experimentally regulated by CsrA and 129 are suspected interaction partners. Guided by current understanding of CsrA-mRNA interactions, we incorporate (i) mRNA nucleotide sequence, (ii) cooperativity of CsrA-mRNA binding, and (iii) minimization of mRNA structural changes to identify an ensemble of likely binding sites and their free energies. The regulatory impact of bound CsrA on mRNA translation is determined with the RBS calculator. Predicted regulation of 66 experimentally regulated mRNAs adheres to the principles of canonical CsrA-mRNA interactions; the remainder implies that other, diverse mechanisms may underlie CsrA-mRNA interaction and regulation. Importantly, results suggest that this global regulator may bind targets in multiple conformations, via flexible stretches of overlapping predicted binding sites. This novel observation expands the notion that CsrA always binds to its targets at specific consensus sequences.
Dexmedetomidine Added to Sufentanil Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia Relieves the Postoperative Pain after Cesarean Delivery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Multicenter Study
Authors: Nie Yuyan , Tu Weifeng , Shen Xiaofeng , Yu Weifeng , Yu Yonghao , Song Xingrong , Wang Shiduan , Luo Ailin , Cao Minghui , Wu Xinmin , Huang Shaoqiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study evaluated the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after cesarean delivery. This multicenter study enrolled 208 subjects who were scheduled for selective cesarean delivery from 9 research centers. Patients received 0.5 ug/kg dexmedetomidine (study group) or normal saline (control group) after delivery and an intravenous PCA pump after surgery (100 μg sufentanil +300 μg dexmedetomidine for the study group, 100 μg sufentanil for the control group, background infusion: 1 ml/h, bolus dose: 2 ml and lock time: 8 min). The sufentanil consumption, pain scores, rescue analgesia, sedation scores, analgesic satisfaction, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the first passage of flatus were recorded within 24 h after surgery. The sufentanil consumption in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.004). Compared with the control group, the study group had lower pain scores (p < 0.01), higher analgesic satisfaction degree [p < 0.001, odd ratio 4.28 and 95% CI (2.46, 7.46)], less requirement of rescue analgesia (p = 0.003), lower incidence of PONV (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively), and shorter time to first passage of flatus (p = 0.007). Dexmedetomidine added to sufentanil intravenous PCA significantly enhanced the analgesic effects, improved analgesic satisfaction, and had the potential benefits of reducing PONV and the recovery of intestinal functions after cesarean section.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Combination with Hyaluronic Acid for Articular Cartilage Defects
Authors: Li Lang , Duan Xin , Fan Zhaoxin , Chen Long , Xing Fei , Xu Zhao , Chen Qiang , Xiang Zhou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been found in previous studies to have great potential for medical use. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with HA on articular cartilage repair in canines. Twenty-four healthy canines (48 knee-joints), male or female with weight ranging from 5 to 6 kg, were operated on to induce cartilage defect model and divided into 3 groups randomly which received different treatments: BMSCs plus HA (BMSCs-HA), HA alone, and saline. Twenty-eight weeks after treatment, all canines were sacrificed and analyzed by gross appearance, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, toluidine blue staining, type II collagen immunohistochemistry, gross grading scale and histological scores. MSCs plus HA regenerated more cartilage-like tissue than did HA alone or saline. According to the macroscopic evaluation and histological assessment score, treatment with MSCs plus HA also lead to significant improvement in cartilage defects compared to those in the other 2 treatment groups (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that allogeneic BMSCs plus HA rather than HA alone was effective in promoting the formation of cartilage-like tissue for repairing cartilage defect in canines.
Increased activin A levels in prediabetes and association with carotid intima-media thickness: a cross-sectional analysis from I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study
Authors: Kuo Chin-Sung , Lu Ya-Wen , Hsu Chien-Yi , Chang Chun-Chin , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Liu Li-Kuo , Chen Liang-Kung , Huang Po-Hsun , Chen Jaw-Wen , Lin Shing-Jong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractActivin A and its binding protein follistatin may be crucial in glucose homeostasis, as multifunctional proteins mediating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. However, clinical data on the activin A level in prediabetes, and the association between the circulating activin A level and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), are lacking. We aimed to investigate activin A and follistatin levels and their associations with cIMT. In total, 470 inhabitants of I-Lan county (235 men; mean age 69 ± 9 years) with measurements of serum activin A and follistatin levels were included. Patients with prediabetes and diabetes had significantly increased activin A concentrations compared with those in the normal glycemic group (both p < 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that the circulating activin A level was associated with prediabetes and diabetes independently of other risk factors. Moreover, the circulating activin A levels were associated positively with cIMT in prediabetes (rs = 0.264, p = 0.001). In conclusion, activin A level, but not follistatin, was elevated independent of demographic variables with borderline significance and was correlated positively with cIMT in prediabetes. Activin A and follistatin levels were elevated in diabetes. In addition, elevated activin A was an independent risk factor for prediabetes and diabetes.
Lithium-ion conducting oxide single crystal as solid electrolyte for advanced lithium battery application
Authors: Kataoka Kunimitsu , Nagata Hiroshi , Akimoto Junji 
Published: June 2018

AbstractToday, all-solid-state secondary lithium-ion batteries have attracted attention in research and development all over the world as a next-generation energy storage device. A key material for the all-solid-state lithium batteries is inorganic solid electrolyte, including oxide and sulfide materials. Among the oxide electrolytes, garnet-type oxide exhibits the highest lithium-ion conductivity and a wide electrochemical potential window. However, they have major problems for practical realization. One of the major problems is an internal short-circuit in charging and discharging. In the polycrystalline garnet-type oxide electrolyte, dendrites of lithium metal easily grow through the void or impurity in grain boundaries of the sintered body, which causes serious internal short-circuits in the battery system. To solve these problems, we present an all-solid-state battery system using a single-crystal oxide electrolyte. We are the first to successfully grow centimeter-sized single crystals of garnet-type by the floating zone method. The single-crystal solid electrolyte exhibits an extremely high lithium-ion conductivity of 10−3 S cm−1 at 298 K. The garnet-type single-crystal electrolyte has an advantageous bulk nature to realize the bulk conductivity without grain boundaries such as in a sintered polycrystalline body, and will be a game-changing technology for achieving highly safe advanced battery systems.
Elevated CO2 and O3 alter the feeding efficiency of Acyrthosiphon pisum and Aphis craccivora via changes in foliar secondary metabolites
Authors: Yan Hongyu , Guo Honggang , Yuan Erliang , Sun Yucheng , Ge Feng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElevated CO2and O3can affect aphid performance via altering plant nutrients, however, little is known about the role of plant secondary metabolites in this process, especially for aphids feeding behaviors. We determined the effects of elevated CO2and O3on the growth and phenolics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and feeding behaviors of the pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora). Elevated CO2improved plant growth, but could not completely offset the negative effects of elevated O3. Elevated O3increased foliar genistin content at the vegetative stage, increased ferulic acid at the reproductive stage, and elevated CO2increased those at both stages. Simultaneously elevated CO2and O3increased foliar ferulic acid content at the reproductive stage and increased genistin content at both stages. For pea aphids, feeding efficiency was reduced under elevated CO2at the reproductive stage and decreased under elevated O3at the vegetative stage. For cowpea aphids, feeding efficiency was increased under elevated CO2at the vegetative stage and decreased under elevated O3at both stages. Simultaneously elevated CO2and O3decreased both aphids feeding efficiency. We concluded that CO2and O3independently or interactively had different effects on two aphids feeding behaviors through altering foliar ferulic acid and genistin contents.
Harnessing Free Energy From Nature For Efficient Operation of Compressed Air Energy Storage System and Unlocking the Potential of Renewable Power Generation
Authors: Venkataramani Gayathri , Ramalingam Velraj , Viswanathan Kishore 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnergy storage technologies have gained considerable momentum in the recent years owing to the rising tide of renewables. The deployment of energy storage is a trend set to continue into 2018 and beyond. In the near future, compressed air energy storage (CAES) will serve as an integral component of several energy intensive sectors. However, the major drawback in promoting CAES system in both large and small scale is owing to its minimum turn around efficiency. In the present work the major drawbacks associated with various existing configurations of CAES system are analysed. Interesting results of Isothermal CAES system are obtained through the present analysis to generate additional output energy compared to the supplied input by harnessing the free energy from the natural water bodies/ocean to enhance the overall turnaround efficiency of the system. The optimum operational characteristics of charging and discharging cycles are also addressed. In the present energy scenario, increasing the percentage of renewable energy (RE) share in the power generation is quite challenging since RE based power generation is intermittent in nature. The integration of energy storage technologies with RE source is imperative as it mitigates the intermittency of available energy. However, the development of efficient energy storage systems is one of the prime challenges in the promotion of renewable energy in a large scale. Among the various storage systems, electrochemical battery storage and pumped hydro storage (PHS) have attracted the commercial market. However, the shorter cycle life makes the battery storage more expensive and the PHS systems involves certain geographical and site constraints. Beyond the said storage systems, compressed air energy storage system which is one of the technically proven system has not been targeted the commercial market owing to its lower turnaround efficiency. Hence, the motivation behind the present research is towards developing efficient CAES configuration with higher turnaround efficiency thereby attaining economic feasibility and sustainability.
Algae explosive growth mechanism enabling weather-like forecast of harmful algal blooms
Authors: Tian Rongxiang , Chen Jianfang , Sun Xiangwei , Li Dewang , Liu Chongxuan , Weng Huanxin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs a global problem in coastal environments, harmful algal blooms (HABs) have seriously affected the health of coastal ecosystems and regional economies. Here we report an aerosol-trigger mechanism for the occurrence of HABs based on long-term field data and laboratory experiments. The occurrence times of HABs and aerosol events had a significant correlation from 2005 to 2013 in the East China Sea, indicating that aerosol transport was probably an alternative trigger of HABs. HABs mostly occur in the transition time between winter and summer, during which northwest monsoon transport substantial aerosol (rich in phosphate, iron and other trace metals) to coastal waters, as revealed by chemical measurements, transmission electron microscope and electron microprober results. Such nutrients can stimulate algal growth in our incubation experiments, suggesting that such aerosol transport can be important nutrient sources for the East China Sea where phytoplankton growth is relatively phosphate limited. Air-borne nutrients are available for algal growth by rapid downward air flow, which additional results a clear weather condition, and thus adequate light intensity for algal growth. At last, the transition from northwest monsoon to warm southwest monsoon establishes favorable seawater temperature for algal blooms. Such weather-related aerosol-trigger mechanism suggests possibly forecast of HABs.
Generalized Empirical Bayes Modeling via Frequentist Goodness of Fit
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Subhadeep , Fletcher Douglas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe two key issues of modern Bayesian statistics are: (i) establishing principled approach fordistillingstatistical prior that isconsistentwith the given data from an initial believable scientific prior; and (ii) development of aconsolidatedBayes-frequentist data analysis workflow that is more effective than either of the two separately. In this paper, we propose the idea of “Bayesviagoodness-of-fit” as a framework for exploring these fundamental questions, in a way that is general enough to embrace almost all of the familiar probability models. Several examples, spanning application areas such as clinical trials, metrology, insurance, medicine, and ecology show the unique benefit of this new point of view as a practical data science tool.