bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
News and Views
Authors: Wani Muzaffar , Bhat Tariq Ahmad 
Published: June 2019

Diabetes mellitus is the commonest reason for CKD worldwide. CKD patients throughout the 5 stages are at increased risk of CVD & hence death. The need of the hour is a treatment that can prevent or delay the progression of CKD.RAAS blockade is currently the only proven treatment to prevent the decline of kidney function & progression to ESRD in T2DM, which is based on 2 parallel trials done more than 18 years back. RAAS blockers have their shortcomings, so additional effective therapies are required.SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin, Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin) block glucose reabsorption in PT causing glucosuria & natriuresis. In addition to improving glycemic control SGLT2i’s lower BP, reduce body weight & lower albuminuria. Based on the secondary analysis of three CVOT studies (EMPA-REG, CANVAS, and CANVAS-R) which demonstrated the long-term CV safety of empagliflozin, SGLT2i’s may protect against the progression of CKD in T2DM. CREDENCE was designed to formally test whether Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure & CV events in patients with T2DM and markers of established kidney disease compared to placebo when used in addition to standard of care. CREDENCE is the first dedicated renal outcomes trial in patients with CKD and T2D on the background of standard of care, including ACE inhibitors and ARBs.
The Dynamic Particularities of Contour Ploughing
Authors: Pásztor Judit , Popa-Müller Izolda 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The plough is the basic machine for soil work. It is usually connected to the tractor by means of a suspension system. The suspension system is a bar-shaped arm system fixed to the tractor frame, which fixes and raises the attached machine in three points. Its role is significant. Single-sided ploughing on slopes creates some special situations. This phenomenon was observed during a plowing competition and in this paper we look for solutions related to this topic.
Keterampilan Guru PAK Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Murid Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Di Kelas
Authors: Yulianingsih Dwiati , Lumban Gaol Stefanus Marbun 
Published: June 2019

AbstrakSalah satu tantangan dalam proses belajar mengajar di kelas adalah murid tidak antusias. Setiap guru mengharapkan selama mengajar di kelas semua murid antusias dan penuh minat. Kenyataannya tidak seperti itu, karena tidak semua guru memiliki kemampuan untuk mengatasi masalah murid yang kurang antusias. Oleh karena itu kajian tentang keterampilan guru dalam meningkatkan minat murid untuk belajar sangat diperlukan. Tujuan dari kajian ini untuk mendorong guru menambah keterampilan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sehingga murid belajar dengan penuh perhatian. Penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menjelaskan istilah-istilah yang digunakan pada judul tulisan berdasarkan sumber yang berkaitan, dihubungkan dengan pengalaman penulis secara subyektif selama mengajar di kelas. Poin penting hasil kajian ini ialah guru harus memiliki ketrampilan untuk mengelola kelas dengan baik. Guru harus menguasai keterampilan untuk mulai pembukaan sampai pada penutupan kelas. Guru harus menguasai keterampilan dalam bertanya, menjelaskan, memberi penguatan, dan juga dalam membuat variasi. Keterampilan dalam pengelolaan kelas ini berpengaruh besar terhadap perhatian murid untuk belajar.Kata kunciKeterampilan, guru, minat, belajar, murid
BUILDING A SYSTEM OF ANALYZING VIETNAMESE SYLLABLE STRUCTURE USING SDSS MODEL
Authors: Tran Nam Van 
Published: June 2019

The report presents an approach to building a Vietnamese syllable structure analysis system using Semantic Defined Syllable Structure (SDSS). This approach allows to process combinatorial explosion problems, to eliminate nonsense syllabary options by using semanticconstrained text rules. The report also proposesthe way of performing and managing SDSS laws for Vietnamese based on the characteristics of this language. The approach is completely feasible with the test results in high accuracy by eliminating the nonsense syllables, contributing to solving effective text analysis problems in Vietnamese processing .
EVALUATING THE ANTI-SALINITY ABILITY OF PASPALUM ATRATUM IN DIFFERENT SALT CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Nguyen Nhan Thi Hong 
Published: June 2019

The research was carried out from July to October 2017 at Agricultural Research and Experimental Center of Can Tho University.. A total 45 Paspalum atratum plants was evenly divided into 5 different watering treatments: NTĐC (control), NT 2‰, NT 4‰, NT 6‰ and NT 8‰ added 0, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰, 8‰ concentration of salt, respectively. The result showed that there was no difference in length and width of leaf and chemical compositions between treatments. The agronomic features and chlorophyll concentration of NT 8‰ were inferior to the others; meanwhile, the concentration of nitrate and proline was high. It also revealed that the results of NT 2‰, NT 4‰, NT 6‰ were less different than the control. In conclusion, Paspalum atratum can be grown on land which has the salt concentration lower than 6‰.
Carabid beetles in a regional and a country-wide elevation gradient of Bavarian forests: differences and thoughts on the value of false time series approaches
Authors: Müller-Kroehling Stefan , Jantsch Matthias 
Published: June 2019

We studied the effects of global warming and rising temperatures on the ground beetle fauna of Bavarian beech forests using the space for time approach (false time series), and did so in two projects, at two geographical scales: firstly, a Bavarian-wide gradient of 50 plots in beech forests, and second a regional gradient in the Bavarian Forest in the mountains in eastern Bavaria consisting of 48 plots, which was not restricted to beech forests but also included subalpine spruce forests. For purposes of validation, we used as a backdrop data from 413 additional plots all across Bavaria from a wide range of forest habitats.
We found five species that would be favoured and six species that would be disadvantaged by rising temperatures in beech forests. For another five species the conditions within the gradient studied reach both their minimum and their maximum temperatures. As a consequence of increasing temperatures there will be winners and losers in these forests and the species composition of ground beetle communities will change. Approximately the same number of species is likely to profit as will be affected negatively. However, when considering the “global responsibility species” for Germany, the balance is negative.
It is imporant to note that species may react differently in different habitats and at different regional scales. Some species migtht be more endangered in a local gradient than in a regional gradient, and vice versa, and examples are provided for this. Climate effects proven for a certain habitat must not be the same for other habitats even within the same region if these were not included in the study design. These limitations must be taken into consideration when applying the results of such studies and especially when generalizing them.
The benefits of a true time series compared to the popular "false time serices" provided by an elevational gradient are also highlighted using some examples.
What are the "characteristic species" of the habitats directive? A new statistics-driven approach connecting species, habitats and key habitat characteristics
Authors: Müller-Kroehling Stefan 
Published: June 2019

A new understanding of ”characteristic species“ according to the Habitats Directive is presented, including a suggested definition from a scientific point of view and practical implementation.
The Habitats Directive includes the mandatory evaluation criterion “characteristic species”. Although obligatory, it has largely been neglected and applied inconsistently. Reasons are the undefined character of the term and very different attempts for its interpretation. In several cases, particularly from the field of carabidology, maximum fidelity of the species has been suggested as the best criterion for defining characteristic species. In other words, the species must not occur in any other habitat type, but should be restricted intirely to the habitat it is characteristic for. As a result, for many habitats there are no, or at best very few characteristic species if this definition is strictly applied, and in many cases no characteristic species could be found even in very well-devolped and large-enough sites where the habitat occurs.
Here, a completely different definiton is presented. Exclusive fidelity is decidedly not required, since this criterion aims at defining character species, which by definition serve a different purpose, which is defining a habitat, not characterizing its conservation status. The set of characteristic species of a habitat should be defined based on their statistically confirmed affinity to the habitat and an affinity or fidelity to at least one key habitat factor of the habitat type concerned. Such a key factor could be wetness in the case of wetlands, or peaty soil for bog habitats, or scree for ravines, etc.
The application of characteristic species in practice, like in the mandatory assessment of projects and plans under article 6 of the habitats directive should primarily focus on the effects of the plan or purpose to be assessed. Out of the pool of characteristic species of a given habitat, those species which depend on the relevant key factors of the habitat which are possibly altered by the project or plan to be assessed can be selected and their well-being evaluated or monitored.
In a second application, which is that for management of a site (also under article 6), the degree of completeness of the pool of characteristic species allows the evaluation of the conservation status. Important conclusions as to which key factors might be lacking or are in an insufficient stage can be drawn from the characteristic species missing at a given site. This can be a property related to habitat tradition, size of the habitat, isolation or certain traits of the soil or the stand types to be evaluated, depending on the particular species and their statistically proven requirements.
Scaling Up Data Literacy and Computing Skills Training in Biodiversity Science, Lessons Learned from The Carpentries
Authors: Michonneau François , Paul Deborah 
Published: June 2019

The expanding availability of access to data about museum specimens, species occurrences, trait data, genetics, and landscapes is revolutionizing biodiversity research. But mobilizing, evaluating, and synthesizing these data to address research questions requires domain-specific computing skills and knowledge.
The Carpentries is a global non-profit organization teaching researchers computational and data science skills for data management and analysis in all domains of research. The Carpentries' teaching practices are based on evidence from the science of learning. Current domain-specific lessons include life, physical, and social sciences. Hands-on exercises build on the existing knowledge of learners, quickly enabling them to apply skills learned to their research. The Carpentries' train-the-trainer model, its globally established community of ~2,000 instructors and its network of regional coordinators have allowed the organization to scale up rapidly, and over 40,000 learners have participated in Carpentries workshops since 2012.
The Carpentries assessment program evaluates the impact of attending a workshop on the participants' perception of their skills and confidence. After attending a Carpentries workshop, participants feel more confident in their ability to program and to overcome issues with their analysis. The Carpentries' mentoring program ensures that newly certified instructors receive support and guidance to successfully engage in leading and teaching workshops. Pairing new and experienced instructors, in combination with the development of local communities of instructors, have contributed to the success of The Carpentries workshops.
The Carpentries collaboratively seeks to develop new curricula to address the training needs of the biodiversity data community. Establishing training partnerships between The Carpentries and the various organizations involved in building biodiversity data science skills capacity would increase reach and efficacy. We seek to foster institutional and organizational collaborations that can support the establishment and growth of the infrastructure needed to provide the computational and data literacy skills needed to empower our stakeholders. These include those creating and mobilizing data (e.g., collectors, ecologists, conservationists, curators, collection/data managers), for all scientists, policy-makers, educators, and students who want to use biodiversity data.
Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative &amp; Biodiversity Infrastructure
Authors: Skarp Liselott , Päivikki Kallioniemi Eveliina , Ertshus Mathisen Ingrid 
Published: June 2019

Norwegian Biodiversity Information centre (NBIC) shares information about Norwegian species, habitats and ecosystems. One of the key tasks is to maintain an updated taxonomical and nomenclatural backbone “Norwegian Taxonomic backbone” (Artsnavnebase) for species. Launched in 2009, the backbone contains more than 185 000 scientific names, as well as 45 000 names in Norwegian (two languages) and Northern Sami. “Norwegian Taxonomic backbone” delivers names and taxonomic information to scientific institutions and museums across the country and is used for both management and research purposes as well as by general public. Additionally, the database has contributed more than 33500 names to the construction of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) taxonomy.
Another major task is the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative (NTI) which was established in 2009 with the goal of improving knowledge about Norwegian biodiversity with special emphasis on poorly known species. In addition, the surveys provide information about distributions of species in Norway and their habitat requirements. NTI collaborates with Norwegian Barcode of Life (NorBOL) and contributes into building up a comprehensive library of standardized DNA sequences (DNA barcodes) and supports research school in biosystematics (ForBio). Swedish and Norwegian taxonomy initiatives work cooperatively to increase the collective knowledge on poorly known species, and as a result, more than 3 000 species new to the country in both Sweden and Norway has been found, of which about a third being new to science.
NBIC is in a process of developing and collating a trait database “Trait bank” (Egenskapsbank) for Norwegian species and habitats. Trait bank will describe and combine information about species traits on morphology, physiology and ecology etc. The aim is to also store information about Norwegian habitat types described based on Nature in Norway -system and establish the connections between habitats and species using them. Species trait data relevant for Norwegian species will be extracted from existing databases and other data sources. The first information from this work will be made available through 2020 and is going to be useful for research, conservation and area planning.
Phylogenetics Study of SalviaL. spp. Collections from the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants of Wroclaw Medical University
Authors: Pencakowski Bartosz , Bielecka Monika , Stafiniak Marta , Jakubowski Klemens , Matkowski Adam 
Published: June 2019

Systematics of genusSalviaL. is still a field of discussion in taxonomic society. To this day, the position of certain genera fromLamiaceaeMartinov. family are considered as autonomic genera or incorporated in the genusSalviaL. as a subgenera (i.e.,PerovskiaKar.,RosmarinusL.). Moreover, some species are distinguished only by low-level differences in morphological traits and their geographic occurrence (Drew et al. 2017).In this research, we focused on a molecular analysis of morphologically similarSalviaL. species with special attention paid toSalvia glutinosaL. andSalvia nubicolaWall. ex Sweet. All samples were collected from the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants of Wroclaw Medical University (http://www.obrl.umed.wroc.pl/index.html) and the Herbarium of Natural History Museum, Wroclaw University (http://www.muzeum-przyrodnicze.uni.wroc.pl/index.php).Several DNA barcodes, includingmatK,rbcLa, ITS2 genes, andpsbA-trnH intergenic spacer, were used in maximal likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. All sequences were amplified with Q5 High Fidelity DNA Polymerase (https://www.neb.com/) and universal primers. Amplicons were then sequenced by Sanger sequencing and analysed using the BLAST algorithm (Altschul et al. 1990). Subsequently, sequences were aligned using MAFFT v 7.409 (Katoh et al. 2005) software; poorly aligned sites were objectively eliminated with Gblocks v.0.91b (Talavera and Castresana 2007). ITS2 regions were extracted with ITSx (Bengtsson-Palme et al. 2013) software implemented on PlutoF web workbench (Abarenkov et al. 2010) to obtain ITS2 sequences without 5.8S and 26S fragments on both ends. Substitution models were identified utilizing jModelTest 2 software (Posada 2008) and basing on Bayesian information criterion (BIC) appropriate models were applied for further calculations. For maximum likelihood analyses and Bayesian inference, we implemented RAxML ver. 8.2.10 (Stamatakis et al. 2008) and MrBayes ver. 3.2.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012) respectively.For the reconstruction of evolutionary relationship between study species, different DNA barcode combinations were applied (e.g.,matK+ITS2+psbA-trnH andrbcLa+matK+psbA-trnH). Consensus trees were compared and analysed using TreeGraph ver. 2.14 (Stöver and Müller 2010).
The Problem of Stratigraphical Time Grouping of Earth Science Data
Authors: Kröger Björn , Lintulaakso Kari 
Published: June 2019

An essential aspect of earth science data is the age they represent. The age, in most cases, is not a simple time stamp measured in years, but often specified as a stratigraphic interval or unit. Numerous schemes exist for age attribution in geological data, referring to various methods of e.g. biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, sequence-stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy. Furthermore, opinions about the relationships between the stratigraphical units differ from author to author and are in a steady historical flux. New stratigraphic units become established and old ones are abandoned. This is a challenge for databases that rely on fixed standards.
However, all stratigraphic schemes can be conceptualized as a system of unique names related by opinions and expressed in publications. A database (http://rnames.luomus.fi) linking the names of stratigraphic units with referenced (published) opinions would allow for the development of dynamic models for time grouping based on explicit algorithms. We will present and discuss our database approach to tackle this problem.
Considerable Progress in Russian GBIF Community
Authors: Shashkov Maxim , Ivanova Natalya 
Published: June 2019

Russia is a huge gap on the open access global biodiversity map of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). National biodiversity data are stored in various sources including museums, herbaria, scientific literature and reports as well as in the private collections and local databases. The best known and largest of the Russian herbarium collections are the collections stored in Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science (&gt;6 M sheets) and Moscow University (&gt;1 M sheets). The largest zoological collection is located in Zoological institute of the Russian Academy of Science, with &gt;60 M specimens. But most of the national biodiversity data is not yet digitized. The national biodiversity portal as well as the list of Russian biodiversity data sources are still absent. Despite this, projects and other activities are implemented to mobilize a national data using international biodiversity data standards.
Currently Russia is not a GBIF member, but in the last 5 years, more than 1.6 M occurrences were published by Russian publishers through GBIF.org (69 datasets at the end of March 2019). The largest GBIF data provider in Russia is the Lomonosov Moscow State University. The Digital Moscow University Herbarium includes 971,732 specimens collected from Russia and many other countries. The Russian GBIF community is steadily expanding (Fig. 1); this is reflected in an increase in the number of publishers and published datasets. The current GBIF network infrastructure in Russia includes 5 IPT (Integrated Publishing Toolkit) installations in Saint Petersburg (two), Pushchino (Moscow region), Moscow, and Syktyvkar (Komi Republic).
Russian-language biodiversity informatics materials are collected and presented from an informal web site http://gbif.ru/ with three main sections:

data publishing through GBIF,

Russian GBIF activities, and

Russian biodiversity data sources.

data publishing through GBIF,
Russian GBIF activities, and
Russian biodiversity data sources.
Additional sections are dedicated to iNaturalist citizen science system and Russian Specify Software Project community. We provide technical helpdesk support not only for Russian publishers, but also for Russian speakers from the former USSR. The national mailing-list (via google groups) aims to provide a platform for news sharing. Now it includes &gt;240 subscribers.
Since the end of 2014, regular biodiversity informatics events are being held in Russia. Last year, two data training courses, funded by GBIF (project ID Russia-02 - "GBIF.ru data mobilization activities") and ForBIO (Research school in biosystematics), were organized in Moscow and Irkutsk region with the participation of 29 Russian researchers. National biodiversity informatics conferences were held in Apatity (2017) and Irkutsk (2018).
We believe Russia already has a well established community that can become the basis for further development when Russia becomes a GBIF member.
Otobur™: A botanic garden data management system
Authors: Kanoglu Salih , Aydınkal Rasim 
Published: June 2019

The main roles of botanic gardens are to undertake research, share information, and conserve plant biodiversity. Conservation can not only be thought of in terms of genetic resources, but also scientific knowledge and information about the plants.
There are different methods of recording data about living material in botanic gardens, ranging from the simple recording of information in handwritten books, to the use of sophisticated computer software programmes. In the case of electronically recorded information this can involve, complex construction of query sentences, that a majority of botanic garden staff are unable to write as they are not computer programmers, nor do they usually have any expertise of computer systems.
Although there are a few computer programs used to store information about plants in botanic gardens, Otobur™, is straight forward and easy to use with innovative features. Developed by us at the Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi, it runs on a platform-independent online system and has an improved dashboard for real-time statistics as well as multi-language support. Its ‘just click’ query builder can readily create a detailed report and it can also send information by email to users. Example features include an estimated flowering calendar.
Otobur™ is an easy-to-use, open-source web application offering opportunities for adding other optional features.