bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Ionic Liquid Containing Block Copolymer Electrolytes for Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Varghese Anto Puthussery , Zanata Daniela de Morais , Lashkari Sima , Criado‐González Miryam , Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C. , Rider Andrew N. , Goujon Nicolas , Villaluenga Irune 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe report on the physiochemical behaviour of membranes based on three different polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐polystyrene (PS‐b‐PEO‐b‐PS) block copolymers and an ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIMTFSI)) and their use as solid‐state electrolytes in supercapacitors. The nanostructured block copolymers form free standing membranes at high ionic liquid uptake with conductivities above 1 mS/cm at 25 °C, keeping ordered morphologies. We used small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) to propose the correlation between domain spacing, the copolymer chain length (N) and the interaction parameter (χeff) in the block copolymers. We explored the potential of the electrolytes in two high voltage (3.0 V) device configurations, first using carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes, with excellent electrical conductivity and high‐rate capability exhibiting a power density of 5.7 KW/kg at 4 A/g, while devices based on high surface area activated carbon exhibited high energy density of 20.7 Wh/kg at 4 A/g. Overall, both devices deliver superior specific energy and power densities than that of commercial state‐of‐the‐art supercapacitors, based on liquid electrolyte. Additionally, the CNT|Solid‐state|CNT device displays higher power density compared to the AC|Solid‐state|AC device, highlighting its better suitability for high power applications, while the AC|Solid‐state|AC device, is better suited for energy density applications.
Conceptualising the Circular Ecosystem: An Analysis of Multiple Definitions
Authors: Aryee Raphael 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe circular ecosystem (CE) concept is gaining traction among scholars and practitioners. Nonetheless, the understanding or conceptualisation of the concept is patchy, and this has the propensity to significantly affect the acceptance and assimilation of the concept into the fabric of the industrial community. This study aims to establish a transparent comprehension of the circular ecosystem concept. To this end, this study obtained 55 circular ecosystem samples of definitions, which were coded using 44 dimensions. This study illustrated that CE is mainly described as a shift from the circularity in single firms to circularity within a community of firms, achieved by networking, collaborations, configuration, platformisation, integration and symbiotic cooperation among diverse players in the business ecosystem. This study proposed a unique and comprehensive CE definition that captures the CE enablers, aims, core principles and beneficiaries. As far as the researcher is concerned, this is the first attempt to provide an extensive CE conceptualization using an empirical methodology. This will offer scholars a broader definition of CE. This current study also established that the CE is enabled by complementarity, defining roles, nurturing, governance, business models, actors, coordination, integration, biomimicry and sharing. This study also proposed a framework the captures the various CE aims, enablers, principles and beneficiaries into a single model. Finally, this study makes the CE concept more coherent and provides directions for future studies.
Molecular Spectroscopy for the Biochemical Composition Analysis of Patient‐Derived Pancreatic Cancer Organoids
Authors: Teske Christian , Liedel Katja , Hirle Alexander , Baenke Franziska , Stange Daniel E. , Weitz Jürgen , Preusse Grit , Steiner Gerald 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to pose profound challenges within the field of oncology due to its notorious resistance to existing therapies and constant high mortality rates. The recent emergence of three‐dimensional patient‐derived organoid (PDO) models marks a significant advancement, opening new avenues for exploring cancer biology and assessing therapeutic approaches.AimsThe aim of this study focuses on the innovative use of Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy to analyze PDAC organoids, thus illuminating their biochemical intricacies.Materials and MethodsIn this study, PDAC organoids, cultivated from specimens sourced from cancer patients, were subjected to FT‐IR spectroscopic imaging. By examining the spectral data within the critical fingerprint region (950–1800 cm−1), and employing principal component analysis (PCA), biochemical disparities were detected and analyzed.ResultsThe results revealed distinct spectral profiles corresponding to different sample preparation techniques, which in turn highlighted variations in protein content and structure. PCA revealed a high homogeneity within classes and minimal passage number influence on spectral profiles, with variations in lipid content and protein profiles. Significantly, the biochemical fingerprint of these PDOs closely mirrored that of the original human tissue samples.ConclusionThis investigation underscores the efficacy of molecular spectroscopy as a non‐invasive method for profound characterization of PDAC organoids, enhancing our comprehension of tumor biochemistry. The capacity for swift and precise biochemical profiling of PDOs via molecular spectroscopy heralds a promising future for this technique in the realms of cancer diagnostics and personalized medicine.
Development of Nanomaterials‐Based Agents for Selective Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Sahoo Jagabandhu , De Mrinmoy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBacterial infections continue to threaten public health due to limitations in rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques. While broad‐spectrum antibiotics offer empirical treatment, their overuse has fuelled the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens, posing a critical global public health challenge. In this critical scenario, nanomaterial‐based antibacterial agents emerge as a promising solution to combat bacteria and inhibit their proliferation. However, selective elimination of pathogenic bacteria is paramount. This review highlights recent advancements in developing nanomaterials for selective antibacterial activity. We categorize these agents based on their mode of action, exploring how they selectively interact with bacteria and their potential antibacterial mechanisms. This review offers crucial insights for researchers exploring the potential of nanotechnology to address the growing threat of AMR.
Dual Porphyrin‐Loaded Scintillating Nanoparticles Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy in Hypoxic Cancer Cells under X‐ray Irradiation
Authors: Maiti Debabrata , Yu Hao , An Jun Su , Yamashita Shinichi , Naito Mitsuru , Miyata Kanjiro , Kim Hyun Jin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTumor hypoxia represents a major challenge to achieving successful therapy outcomes with photodynamic therapy (PDT). We hypothesized that systemic loading of dual porphyrins, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) as a photosensitizer (PS) and hemin (Fe3+‐PPIX) as an oxygen generator, onto Eu‐doped NaYF4 scintillator (Sc), collectively terms as Eu‐PPIX@Hemin, could enhance the activity of X‐ray mediated PDT. Catalase‐like property of hemin in the presence of H2O2 facilitated the production of oxygen molecules (3O2) in hypoxic cancer cells. The produced 3O2 reacts with nearby excited PPIX molecules (PPIX*) in the Sc‐PS pairs to produce singlet oxygen (1O2), as cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under X‐ray irradiation. Eu‐PPIX@Hemin nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of ~60 nm efficiently produced oxygen in the presence of H2O2, which its concentration in tumor cells is higher than that in normal cells. Eu‐PPIX@Hemin generated similar amounts of ROS in hypoxic cultured cancer cells under low dose X‐ray irradiation (0.5 Gy), compared to those in normoxic cancer cells. Notably, Eu‐PPIX@Hemin exhibited similar cytotoxic effects in both hypoxic and normoxic cancer cells under X‐ray irradiation. Overall, the mutual Sc‐PS performance between PPIX and Eu was synergistically enhanced by hemin in Eu‐PPIX@Hemin, which relieved hypoxia in the cancer cells under X‐ray irradiation.
Single‐Particle Measurement: A Valuable Method for Studying Structural Evolution of Battery and Performance Degradation
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Na , Li Xu , Yang Le , Song Wei‐Li , Wang Ya‐Na 
Published: December 2024

AbstractActive particle materials with high capacity, safety, and abundance, such as Sn and Si‐based materials, and nickel‐rich layered materials like LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 (with x≥0.8) are viewed as promising candidates for the evolution of next‐generation batteries. However, structural degradation during cycling often limits the application of these active particle materials. Currently, research efforts are focused on developing new characterization techniques to understand the structural degradation mechanisms of active particle materials during the cycle, to improve their performance. This paper reviews advanced single‐particle electrochemical and structural characterization techniques and their main findings. These findings included lattice displacement and rotation, microstructure evolution, and reaction kinetics of single‐particle during cycling. In addition, we also discuss the potential future applications and developments of single‐particle measurement technologies.
Soy Protein Adhesive Enhanced Through Supramolecular Interaction with Tannic Acid Modified Montmorillonite
Authors: Bian Yanyan , Guo Qinghua , Cao Jinfeng , Li Jianzhang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of soybean meal (SM) as an alternative to petroleum‐based resins in wood‐based panels offers a solution to the problem of formaldehyde release. However, inherent drawbacks of soybean meal adhesives, such as poor toughness, low bond strength, and susceptibility to mold, have hindered their further development. In this study, a novel biomass adhesive, SM‐MMT@TA, was developed based on supramolecular interactions between tannic acid (TA), montmorillonite (MMT), and soybean meal. Tannic acid was securely attached to the MMT surface through coordination bonds with Ca2+, Mg2+, and Al3+ ions, enhancing MMT's compatibility in the matrix via strong interfacial interactions. TA on the surface of MMT@TA effectively bonded with soy protein through strong hydrogen bonding, thereby increasing the crosslink density. As a result, the adhesive exhibited a wet shear strength of up to 1.75 MPa, which represents a 143.05 % increase compared to unmodified SM adhesive. Moreover, the moisture absorption rate of the adhesive was reduced to 26.79 %. Furthermore, abundant non‐covalent interactions improved the adhesive's toughness, while natural polyphenols provided additional mold resistance. Overall, this study presents a new strategy for developing renewable, high‐performance biomass‐based adhesives.
Mushroom‐Mediated Redox Reactions
Authors: Yang Yan‐Long 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe application of biocatalysts in organic synthesis has grown significantly in recent years, and both academia and industry are continuously searching for novel biocatalysts capable of performing challenging chemical reactions. Mushrooms are a rich source of ligninolytic and secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes, and therefore were considered promising biocatalysts for organic synthesis. This review focuses on the broad utilization potential of mushroom‐based biocatalysts and highlights key advances in mushroom‐mediated redox reactions. It mainly includes the reduction of ketones and carboxylic acids, hydroxylation of aromatic and aliphatic compounds, epoxidation of olefins, oxidative cleavage of alkenes, and other uncommon reactions catalyzed by the whole cells or purified enzymes of mushroom origin. Overall, a comprehensive overview of the applications of mushrooms as biocatalysts in organic synthesis is provided, which puts this versatile microorganism in the spotlight of further research.
Tandem Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products Based on M‐SACs/Cu Catalysts
Authors: He Qizhe , Li Ting‐Ting 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) is considered a highly promising method to produce high‐value chemicals and fuels, contributing significantly the artificial carbon balance. Plenty catalysts can facilitate the conversion of CO2 into mono‐carbon (C1) products. Among these catalysts, Cu species exhibit a distinct role in the formation of multi‐carbon (C2+) products characterized by enhanced energy density. However, the limited selectivity of C2+ products, along with the inferior stability, and high overpotential demonstrated by single‐component Cu catalysts, hinders their applicability in industrial‐scale production. The implementation of a tandem strategy, which involves coupling the CO2‐to‐CO pathway using Ag, Au, metal single‐atom catalysts (M‐SACs), etc., with the CO‐to‐C2+ conversion on Cu, represents a novel approach for the efficient generation of C2+ products. Given the high cost and restricted availability of noble metals, M‐SACs have attracted substantial interest in tandem systems due to their cost‐effectiveness and efficient atom utilization. The systematic analysis of the design principles and structure‐activity relationship is essential for the advancement of M‐SACs/Cu‐based tandem catalysts. Here we first introduce various prevalent design strategies of M‐SACs/Cu‐based tandem catalysts for ECO2RR and then systematically summarize the latest advancements of M‐SACs/Cu‐based tandem system, encompassing metal‐organic frameworks/Cu (MOFs/Cu), covalent organic frameworks/Cu (COFs/Cu), and nitrogen‐doped carbon support transition metal single atomic materials/Cu (M−N−C/Cu). Lastly, we discuss the challenges and opportunities with the design and construction of M‐SACs/Cu‐based tandem catalysis for ECO2RR.
Fuzzy Boosted Sooty Tern Optimization (FBSTO): Fault Detection and Node Recovery Approach for WSN
Authors: Chakraborty Sujay , Raghuvanshi Ajay Singh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe fault node detection and recovery is essential in WSN for improving the network lifetime and node connectivity. Ensuring the tradeoff between energy consumption and node recovery is challenged due to redundant nodes. Hence, a novel approach is developed based on the objective of automatic recovery from failure, redundant node elimination, fault node replacement, and minimalizing energy consumption. In this approach, the fuzzy boosted sooty tern optimization (FBSTO) technique is proposed for fault node detection and replacement. Based on the node density and distance, the nodes are clustered. Then, the cluster head selection process can be accomplished with a fuzzy logic approach based on distance calculation, energy consumption, and Quality of service (QoS) nodes. The node replacement is carried out through cascaded movement, which minimizes energy utilization. The efficiency of the FBSTO approach is estimated with packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio, end‐to‐end delay, and energy consumption. The proposed approach reduces the end‐to‐end delay to 10 ms for random deployment of 100 nodes. Also, the packet delivery ratio performance of the proposed approach is 143 for 100 SNs. For existing Multi‐objective Cluster Head Based Energy‐aware Optimized Routing (MCH‐EOR), Ant Lion Optimization (ALO), Particle swarm Optimization (PSO), Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Genetic approach (GA), the packet delivery ratio is reduced to 130, 60, 50, and 100. Compared with the existing approaches, the proposed approach provides better performance.
Investigation of the Impact of Combustion Chamber Geometry on Engine Combustion and Emission Performance Under Various Fuel Injection Timings With Biodiesel Blending
Authors: Wang Dongge , Bao Guangyuan , He Chao , Li Jiaqiang , Chen Yanlin , Zhao Longqing , Yu Haisheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study uses AVL FIRE 2020 R1 software for simulation and experimental verification to deeply analyze the impact of combustion chamber geometry and biodiesel on diesel engine performance at different injection timings. The study found that: With the advancement of injection timing, the indicated fuel consumption rate, cylinder pressure and NOx emissions of the two combustion systems increased, while the indicated thermal efficiency, temperature and Soot emissions decreased accordingly; The blending of low calorific value biodiesel will increase the indicated fuel consumption rate of the two combustion systems, but at the same time it can effectively reduce NOx and Soot emissions; The T: Turbocharger, C: Charger air cooling, D: Diesel particle filter (TCD) combustion system improves the utilization rate of cylinder air due to its unique combustion chamber geometry, thereby improving combustion performance. Compared with the Omega combustion system, the indicated thermal efficiency of the TCD combustion system increased by 6.16% to 8.38% and the indicated fuel consumption rate decreased by 5.80% to 7.73% when burning four types of fuel. In addition, the in‐cylinder pressure and temperature increased, and it performed better in reducing Soot emissions. The research results show that the TCD combustion system can effectively improve the combustion and emission performance of diesel engines, provide data support for the development of diesel engine combustion systems and the combustion of oxygen‐containing fuels in plateau environments, and provide an important reference for energy conservation and emission reduction.
The Growth of Illicit Drug Use and Its Effects on Murder Rates
Authors: Park Sujeong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfter years of reductions in the rate of murder in the United States, the national murder rate has increased since 2015. The causes of this trend are generally unknown, though there is some evidence related to narcotic drugs. Arrests related to heroin and cocaine had been stable between 2010 and 2014 before a sudden increase in 2015. Likewise, the number of murders related to narcotic drugs has increased since 2013, with a jump in 2015. Increased rates of these crimes parallel recent dramatic growth in overdoses involving heroin. However, the causal relationship between the recent opioid crisis and the rise in murder rates is missing from the literature. I used OxyContin reformulation as an exogenous shock to illicit markets. OxyContin reformulation led some people who misused OxyContin to switch to illicit opioids. Previous work has shown that areas with higher rates of OxyContin misuse experienced faster growth in heroin overdoses post‐reformulation. I tested whether this growth in illicit drug use caused an increase in crime. After reformulation, I find significantly greater relative increases in murder rates in states with high pre‐reformulation rates of OxyContin misuse. The results support a causal link between the opioid epidemic and crime.
Interactions and Click Functionalization of a Poly(Thiophenyl‐Tetrazine‐Co‐Fluorene) Conjugated Polymer with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kukendran Shagana , Salimi Sara , Adronov Alex 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA highly soluble thiophene‐based poly(tetrazine) polymer was prepared that can undergo inverse‐electron‐demand Diels‐Alder (IEDDA) click reactions efficiently with different types of trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) derivatives resulting in post‐polymerization functionalization. The resulting pyridazines post‐oxidation exhibited strong interactions with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and showed selectivity toward metallic SWNTs. The resulting dispersions were used to prepare thin films, whose sheet resistivity was measured. It was found that α‐amino‐ω‐methoxy triethylene glycol (TEG) functionalized pyridazine dispersion film resulted in a lower sheet resistance by several orders of magnitude compared to the non‐clicked tetrazine dispersion indicating better conductivity post‐IEDDA. Furthermore, modification of the polymer backbone while bound to the SWNT was performed successfully, preserving the properties of the nanotubes.
Red‐Shifted Bioluminescence Using Substrate‐Fluorophore Conjugates
Authors: Narbonne Zuccarelli Clément , Laxio‐Arenas José , Russo Francesco , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanoLuc (NLuc) is one of the brightest luciferases and has been used in numerous reporter assays and sensor designs. However, its blue light emission (460 nm) is suboptimal for deep tissue imaging or some diagnostic application, and red shifting its emission is desirable. Here, we report the design and synthesis of novel furimazine and coelenterazine analogs conjugated with fluorophores to achieve red‐shifted bioluminescence with NLuc and closely related H‐Luc via a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Structural insights into NLuc‐substrate interactions informed the functionalization of substrates. We report the synthesis of novel substrate‐fluorophore conjugates. We show that red‐shifted emission was achieved with high BRET ratios. The conjugates are less bright than the parent substrates, but our study highlights the importance of linker length and flexibility for optimizing bioluminescence emission reaching wavelength beyond 600 nm.
Label‐Free Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Amyloid Beta on Silver Nanostructured Substrates for Alzheimer's Diagnosis
Authors: Sunil Navami , Shikkandar Ashma , Durai Baby Roselin Rajan , Unnathpadi Rajesh , Sankar Veintramuthu , Pullithadathil Biji 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a public health concern, for which an early diagnosis is essential. Biomass‐derived carbon fibres with surface‐decorated silver nanoparticles (Ag@CFs) have been utilized as surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor platform for the detection of the amyloid beta Aβ (25–35) for the pre‐diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Structural and morphological characterizations confirmed the distribution of plasmonic silver nanoparticles over the surface of carbon fibres. The SERS sensor performance of Ag@CFs was evaluated using rhodamine 6G, which showed an enhancement of the order of 106 which proved the effectiveness of the developed SERS sensor towards trace level detection of analyte. A range of amyloid beta concentrations, from 100uM to 10pM, have been analyzed as a proof‐of concept for this study, showcasing the efficacy of the Ag@CFs based SERS sensor to detect trace level concentrations of amyloid beta, even as low as 10 pM. This investigation is a promising development in the field of AD diagnostics since it may turn out to be a non‐invasive, economical and early diagnostic tool.
Exploring the Possibility of a Planar Tetracoordinate Boron in BXY3 (X = B, Al, Ga; Y = C, Si, Ge) Clusters: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Chakraborty Bhrigu , Chattaraj Pratim Kumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the potential energy surface of BXY3 (X = B, Al, Ga; Y = C, Si, Ge) clusters employing a few global optimization techniques. Remarkably, the global minimum structure obtained for most of the cases revealed a planar tetracoordinate boron atom, shedding light on the inherent stability of this motif. A comparative analysis of the performance of the different global optimization techniques employed is presented, offering insights into their efficacy. Additionally, the overall stability of the obtained global minimum structures is thoroughly examined through Atom‐centered Density Matrix Propagation (ADMP) simulations spanning 20 ps at temperatures 300 and 500 K. The aromaticity of the respective clusters is also assessed via Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) and Isochemical Shielding Surface (ICSS) calculations, providing valuable information regarding their electronic structure and stability. This comprehensive theoretical investigation contributes to our understanding of the structural properties of these clusters, with implications for their potential applications in various fields of chemistry.