bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combined algorithm for automated drainage network extraction from digital elevation models
Authors: Yan Yanzi , Tang Jing , Pilesjö Petter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDrainage networks are the basis for segmentation of watersheds, an essential component in hydrological modelling, biogeochemical applications, and resource management plans. With the rapidly increasing availability of topographic information as digital elevation models (DEMs), there have been many studies on DEM‐based drainage network extraction algorithms. Most of traditional drainage network extraction methods require preprocessing of the DEM in order to remove “spurious” sink, which can cause unrealistic results due to removal of real sinks as well. The least cost path (LCP) algorithm can deal with flow routing over sinks without altering data. However, the existing LCP implementations can only simulate either single flow direction or multiple flow direction over terrain surfaces. Nevertheless, terrain surfaces in the real world are usually very complicated including both convergent and divergent flow patterns. The triangular form‐based multiple flow (TFM) algorithm, one of the traditional drainage network extraction methods, can estimate both single flow and multiple flow patterns. Thus, in this paper, it is proposed to combine the advantages of the LCP algorithm and the TFM algorithm in order to improve the accuracy of drainage network extraction from the DEM. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by implementing a data‐independent assessment method based on four mathematical surfaces and validated against “true” stream networks from aerial photograph, respectively. The results show that when compared with other commonly used algorithms, the new algorithm provides better flow estimation and is able to estimate both convergent and divergent flow patterns well regarding the mathematical surfaces and the real‐world DEM.
Exogenous recombinant human thioredoxin‐1 prevents acetaminophen‐induced liver injury by scavenging oxidative stressors, restoring the thioredoxin‐1 system and inhibiting receptor interacting protein‐3 overexpression
Authors: Lee Byung‐Woo , Jeon Byung‐Suk , Yoon Byung‐Il 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThioredoxin‐1 (Trx‐1) is a potent therapeutic agent against a variety of diseases because of its actions as an antioxidant and regulator of apoptosis. N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol (APAP), commonly known as acetaminophen, generates excessive oxidative stress and triggers hepatocyte cell death, exemplified by regulated necrosis. In the present study, we investigated whether APAP‐induced liver injury in a mouse model is associated with “necroptosis,” and if pretreatment with recombinant Trx‐1 prevents the hepatic injury caused by APAP overdose. We also explored the mechanism underlying the preventive action of Trx‐1 against APAP‐induced hepatic injury. In a prevention study, C3H/he mice received different doses (0, 10, 50 or 100 mg kg–1 body weight) of recombinant human Trx‐1 intraperitoneally, followed by a single oral dose of 300 mg kg–1 of APAP. In this experimental paradigm, liver injury and lethality were markedly decreased in rhTrx‐1–pretreated mice. In survival experiments, mice received rhTrx‐1 followed by oral administration of a lethal dose of APAP. APAP overdose caused a series of liver toxicity‐associated events, beginning with overexpression of c‐fos, excessive production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and leading to decreased endogenous Trx‐1 expression and activation of JNK signaling pathways. Pretreatment with rhTrx‐1 inhibited all of these toxicological manifestations of APAP. In addition, rhTrx‐1 significantly reduced the expression of RIP‐3, a critical necrosome component. Taken together, our findings indicate that rhTrx‐1 prevents APAP‐induced liver injury through multiple action mechanisms, including scavenging reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, restoring endogenous Trx‐1 levels and inhibiting RIP‐3 overexpression.
Comparison of the effect of gel used in two different serum separator tubes for thyroid function tests
Authors: Ercan Müjgan , Fırat Oğuz Esra , Akbulut Emiş Deniz , Yilmaz Mustafa , Turhan Turan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundSelection and verification of blood collection tubes is an important preanalytical issue in clinical laboratories. Today, gel tubes are commonly used with many advantages, although they are known to cause interference in immunoassay methods. In this study, we aimed to compare SSTs of two different suppliers (Ayset clot activator & Gel and Becton Dickinson (BD) Vacutainer SST II advance) with reference tubes and evaluate the effect of storage time in terms of commonly used endocrine tests such as thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and free triiodothyronine (fT3).MethodsFifty‐five volunteers were included in the study. Samples were taken into three different tubes and analyzed for serum TSH, fT4, and fT3 on Architect ci8200 Immunoassay System. Clinical decision levels were estimated using total allowable error (TEa).ResultsNo difference was found between tubes in terms of TSH, fT3, and fT4 levels. From a statistical standpoint, TSH and fT4 levels were no longer stable during 24, 48, and 72 hours storage time periods. However, their variations were not clinically significant.ConclusionAyset clot activator & Gel tubes and BD Vacutainer SST II advance tubes have comparable results with glass tube in terms of TSH, fT3, and fT4 levels on Architect ci8200 Immunoassay Systems. From a clinical standpoint, serum TSH, fT4, and fT3 concentrations may be considered as stable when storing these tubes over 72 hours.
New flow cytometry-based method for the assessment of the antibacterial effect of immune cells and subcellular particles
Authors: Lőrincz Ákos M , Szeifert Viktória , Bartos Balázs , Ligeti Erzsébet 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTechniques currently used for assessment of bacterial count or growth are time-consuming, offer low throughput, or they are complicated or expensive. The aim of the present work was to elaborate a new method that is able to detect the antibacterial effect of cells, subcellular particles, and soluble compounds in a fast, cost, and labor effective way. Our proposed technique is based on flow cytometry (FC) optimized for detection of small particles and on fluorescently labeled bacteria. It allows direct determination of the bacterial count in 3 hours. The effect of various human phagocytes and extracellular vesicles on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is investigated in parallel with the new, FC-based method, with colony counting and with our previous, OD-based method. Comparing the killing effect of wild type and NADPH oxidase-deficient murine neutrophils presents an example of detection of a clinically important deficiency. Strong correlation was obtained between the results of the different techniques, but the reproducibility of the FC-based test was superior to the OD-based test. The major advantages of the new technique are: rapidity, low cost, high throughput, and simplicity.
Cetirizine – how much is too much?
Authors: Garg Alka , Cranwell Annabelle , Chan Damien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundCetirizine hydrochloride is a commonly used over‐the‐counter antihistamine that may be prescribed in larger doses than are commonly used for allergic rhinitis for the management of chronic urticaria.AimTo describe a case report of a paediatric patient who was treated with long‐term and high‐dose cetirizine.Clinical detailsThe patient developed a dystonic reaction probably as a result of the antihistamine overuse. The child involved in this case was taking the maximum daily dose regularly for several years.OutcomesThe parent was advised to cease treatment with (high dose and prolonged use) cetirizine and substitute a lower intermittent dose of an alternative antihistamine.ConclusionAlthough cetirizine is widely considered a ‘safe’ medication, prescribers and pharmacists should be mindful that it has the potential to cause unacceptable side effects.
Advanced automotive display measurements: Selected challenges and solutions
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz 
Published: March 2018

AbstractToday's trend in automotive displays is toward more, larger, better, and flexible panels. The requirements for cars differ largely from consumer displays: Automotive displays have unique requirements in terms of optical performance, longevity in harsh environment, and production of 100,000s per year per model. Consumer electronics displays, however, set the pace and premium automotive panels have to follow in short time because of customer expectations despite long development cycles. Advanced procedures and measurements have to be applied like lifetime and ambient light. In order to reduce the effort in specifying and evaluating car displays in terms of optical performance, the German Flat Panel Forum has set common requirements for automotive validation. As standard measurement procedures are often less suitable for automotive evaluation, dedicated methods were developed like Black Mura, gamma and visual assessment of anti‐glare surfaces. Standardization reduces the effort along the automotive display value chain. People in future autonomous cars will spend more time watching displays than today, which must then be of highest optical performance. Design visions trend to present information – and not displays – to driver and passengers, which includes seamless displays and smart surfaces. A simple integration of flat displays into dashboards is no longer state‐of‐the‐art.
Are prophylactic antibiotics necessary prior to transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with native biliary anatomy?
Authors: Watchmaker Jennifer M. , Lipnik Andrew J. , Fritsche Micah R. , Baker Jennifer C. , Mouli Samdeep K. , Geevarghese Sunil , Banovac Filip , Omary Reed A. , Brown Daniel B. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesProphylactic antibiotics are frequently administered for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In patients without previous biliary instrumentation, infection risk from TACE is low. We hypothesized that there is a negligible rate of infection in these patients without prophylactic antibiotics.MethodsWe reviewed consecutive patients undergoing TACE between 7/1/2013‐6/15/2016. All patients had an intact Sphincter of Oddi, received no peri‐procedural antibiotics, and had 30+ days follow‐up. Level of arterial selection was recorded. Baseline Child‐Pugh (CP) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) scores were recorded. The primary outcome measure was the absence of clinical or imaging findings of hepatic abscess within 30 days.ResultsA total of 171 patients underwent 235 TACE procedures. CP scores were A (n = 109), B (n = 47), and C (n = 15). BCLC scores were 0 (n = 1), A (n = 108), B (n = 47), and C (n = 15). TACE was performed segmentally (n = 208) or lobar (n = 27). Three patients died of non‐infectious causes before 30 days. No hepatic abscesses developed in evaluable patients: 0/232 infusions.ConclusionsIn patients with HCC and an intact Sphincter of Oddi, TACE was performed safely without prophylactic antibiotics. The majority of the patients were BCLC and CP A/B. Additional study of BCLC and CP C patients is warranted.
Does the number of sentinel lymph nodes removed affect the false negative rate for head and neck melanoma?
Authors: Puza Charles J. , Josyula Srirama , Terando Alicia M. , Howard John H. , Agnese Doreen M. , Mosca Paul J. , Lee Walter T. , Beasley Georgia M. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesHead and neck (HN) cutaneous melanoma is associated with worse disease‐free survival compared to non‐HN cutaneous melanoma, possibly due to inadequate staging. We aim to determine if a higher yield of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) affected rates of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) positivity.MethodsTwo Cancer Registries were used to identify patients who underwent SLNB for HN melanoma. A false negative (FN) was defined by nodal recurrence after negative SLNB.ResultsOut of 333 patients who underwent SLNB, 20% (n = 69) had a positive SLN with a FN rate of 6.3%. Those with three or more SLNs had a higher rate of SLN positivity (23.8% [17.5‐29.9% CI] vs 16.4% [10.7‐23.6% CI]), a lower FN rate (16.7% [10.2‐21.2% CI] vs 35.3% [27.1‐42.9% CI]), and higher sensitivity (83.3% [82.59‐84.09% CI] vs 65.7% [64.87‐66.53% CI]) compared to those with one or two SLNs. Of patients in Group 1 (one or two SLNs) with a positive SLN who underwent completion lymph node dissection (20/23), 47% (33‐61% CI) had one or more positive non‐sentinel nodes compared to 29% (16‐51%) of patients in Group 2 (three or more SLNs) (42/46).ConclusionIn HN melanoma cases in which multiple nodes are identified, removal of all SLNs will more adequately stage patients.
Ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the rapid phenolic profiling of red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves
Authors: Li Chunting , Seeram Navindra P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe red maple (Acer rubrum) species is economically important to North America because of its sap, which is used to produce maple syrup. In addition, various other red maple plant parts, including leaves, were used as a traditional medicine by the Native Americans. Currently, red maple leaves are being used for nutraceutical and cosmetic applications but there are no published analytical methods for comprehensive phytochemical characterization of this material. Herein, a rapid and sensitive method using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry was developed to characterize the phenolics in a methanol extract of red maple leaves and a proprietary phenolic‐enriched red maple leaves extract (Maplifa™). Time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry experiments led to the identification of 106 phenolic compounds in red maples leaves with the vast majority of these compounds also detected in Maplifa™. The compounds included 68 gallotannins, 25 flavonoids, gallic acid, quinic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and nine other gallic acid derivatives among which 11 are potentially new and 75 are being reported from red maple for the first time. The developed method to characterize red maple leaves phenolics is rapid and highly sensitive and could aid in future standardization and quality control of this botanical ingredient.
Meta‐Analysis of the Association Between Autobiographical Memory Specificity and Exposure to Trauma
Authors: Barry Tom J. , Lenaert Bert , Hermans Dirk , Raes Filip , Griffith James W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCognitive models of emotional disorders suggest that reduced autobiographical memory specificity that results from exposure to traumatic events may play an important role in the aetiology and maintenance of these disorders. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive meta‐analysis of the association between trauma exposure and memory specificity, and the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms on this association. We searched PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases and extracted data from studies regarding the mean number or proportion of specific memories that participants with and without trauma exposure recalled on the Autobiographical Memory Test. We also extracted data on differences between groups in terms of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms, along with data on trauma timing and participants’ ages at the time of assessment. The effect size of memory specificity between participants with and without exposure to trauma was large, d = 0.77, and differed significantly from zero, p < .001. In metaregression, trauma timing was a significant predictor of the heterogeneity in trauma‐exposure specificity effect sizes, but posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms were not. Compromised memory specificity represents an important cognitive consequence of trauma exposure that might have an important influence on risk for, and maintenance of, subsequent emotional pathologies.
Effects of European common reed on Blanding's turtle spatial ecology
Authors: Markle Chantel E. , Chow‐Fraser Patricia 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTEuropean common reed (Phragmites australis; common reed) is an aggressive invader of North American wetlands that forms homogenous patches and replaces native flora. Dense patches of common reed generally provide poor habitat for many species, although specific effects on at‐risk turtles are largely unknown. We created 3 predictive scenarios to relate the amount of common reed in the landscape to amount of effective habitat for Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) and investigated the spatial ecology of 46 adult Blanding's turtles using Euclidean distance analysis within 2 wetland complexes in southern Ontario, Canada. At the home‐range scale, we identified a positive association between turtle home ranges and common reed. At the individual scale, turtle radio‐locations were significantly farther from common reed patches than from random points, consistent with the hypothesis that they avoided common reed patches locally. When we analyzed habitat selection by sex, results were similar to population‐level results except for nesting females. During nesting migrations, females did not avoid common reed patches at the individual scale but instead interacted with common reed, potentially placing themselves at risk of being stranded within dense patches. Our results are consistent with our dynamic home range plus saturation hypothesis that invasion of common reed reduces the amount of effective habitat for at‐risk turtles in wetlands because Blanding's turtles significantly avoided common reed patches at individual scales. Management of common reed is an important step to restore habitat for Blanding's turtles and future research is needed to determine best restoration practices. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Discovery of an Exceptionally Strong Luminescence of Polyethyleneimine‐Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Unal Ozlem , Khodadust Rouhollah , Durmusoglu Emek G. , Erdem Emre , Yagci Mustafa Baris , Ow‐Yang ClevaW. , Yurtsever Ersin , Yagci Acar Havva 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPolyethyleneimine (PEI) is rarely recognized as a luminescent polymer but is frequently used for the production of cationic nanoparticles and tagged with an organic fluorophore to be tracked optically. Herein, a strongly luminescent, branched PEI‐superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (bPEI‐SPION) without a traditional fluorophore is reported. A tremendous enhancement (1200 times) in the weak blue luminescence of bPEI is achieved only if it is adsorbed on a SPION during the synthesis of nanoparticles, which is improved further upon protonation, irreversibly. This is quite unexpected since SPIONs are strong absorbers in the visible region. All reaction parameters, different synthetic methods, as well as protonation are studied as independent factors to understand the origin of such enhancement. Detailed spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory calculations indicate that partial amine oxidation and Fe3+ reduction takes place during the synthesis, which significantly contributes to the luminescence enhancement. In addition, PEI‐SPION exhibits excitation wavelength dependent emission and maintains its magnetic properties.
How the sound frequency of background music influences consumers’ perceptions and decision making
Authors: Sunaga Tsutomu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study examined how music frequency affected consumers’ perception and decision making. The results of three experimental studies show that music frequency affects perceived distance between the sound source and the perceiver. Consequently, the representation of marketing message that matched (vs. mismatched) the background music's frequency enhanced consumers’ evaluative judgments. Specifically, Study 1A demonstrates that low‐frequency (vs. high‐frequency) music increased perceived distance. Studies 2, 3A, and 3B indicate that low‐frequency (high‐frequency) music matched products with abstract (concrete) representations and marketing messages signifying far (near) psychological distance. The congruency between psychological distance induced by music frequency and mental representations of products and message orientation offers a novel perspective on the notion of congruency. Moreover, Study 2 provides evidence that supports the congruency–fluency–evaluation chain (i.e., the mediating role of fluency), and Studies 3A and 3B show that the congruency has downstream effects. This study provides a theoretical contribution to the literature on the effects of music in marketing contexts by presenting convergent evidence that individuals exposed to low‐frequency (high‐frequency) music are inclined to construe a marketing message at a high (low) level.
Carbohydrate‐based vaccines for oncotherapy
Authors: Wei Meng‐Man , Wang Yong‐Shi , Ye Xin‐Shan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCancer is still one of the most serious threats to human worldwide. Aberrant patterns of glycosylation on the surface of cancer cells, which are correlated with various cancer development stages, can differentiate the abnormal tissues from the healthy ones. Therefore, tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent the desired targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, these carbohydrate antigens may not able to evoke powerful immune response to combat with cancer for their poor immunogenicity and immunotolerance. Different approaches have been developed to address these problems. In this review, we want to summarize the latest advances in TACAs based anticancer vaccines.
Flaxseed Oil Attenuates Intestinal Damage and Inflammation by Regulating Necroptosis and TLR4/NOD Signaling Pathways Following Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in a Piglet Model
Authors: Zhu Huiling , Wang Haibo , Wang Shuhui , Tu Zhixiao , Zhang Lin , Wang Xiuying , Hou Yongqing , Wang Chunwei , Chen Jie , Liu Yulan 
Published: March 2018

ScopeFlaxseed oil is a rich source of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), which is the precursor of the long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This study investigates the protective effect of flaxseed oil against intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Materials and resultsTwenty‐four weaned pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with dietary treatment (5% corn oil vs 5% flaxseed oil) and LPS challenge (saline vs LPS). On day 21 of the experiment, pigs were administrated with LPS or saline. At 2 h and 4 h post‐administration, blood samples were collected. After the blood harvest at 4 h, all piglets were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected. Flaxseed oil supplementation led to the enrichment of ALA, EPA, and total n‐3 PUFAs in intestine. Flaxseed oil improved intestinal morphology, jejunal lactase activity, and claudin‐1 protein expression. Flaxseed oil downregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal necroptotic signals. Flaxseed oil also downregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal toll‐like receptors 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signals myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa B (NF−κB), and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain proteins 1, 2 (NOD1, NOD2) and its adapter molecule, receptor‐interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2).ConclusionThese results suggest that dietary addition of flaxseed oil enhances intestinal integrity and barrier function, which is involved in modulating necroptosis and TLR4/NOD signaling pathways.