bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of an Anionic Gemini Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery in a Hypersaline Reservoir
Authors: Chen Zhaojun , Mi Huan , Liu Xin , Xia Kai , Ge Fang , Li Xiaoyang , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new type of anionic Gemini surfactant (AGS) was designed and prepared by a simple, low–cost, and green method, and its properties were characterized. The results showed that the values of parameters such as critical micelle concentration (CMC) value, Γmax, Amin, and pC20 of AGS were 0.10 mmol L−1, 1.62 mmol m−2, 1.02 nm2, and 4.60, respectively, indicating that AGS is highly surface active. AGS has a very good synergistic effect with lauryl diethanol amide (6501), and the mixture surfactant 6501DA (composed of AGS and 6501 with a mass ratio of 1:2.5) has good wetting and emulsifying ability of the crude oil and good resistance to calcium and magnesium ions. In the temperature range from 50 to 70 °C, salinity of 20,000–50,000 mg L−1 of the simulated formation water, and dosage of 6501DA from 500 to 3000 mg L−1, all the interfacial tension (IFT) values between the 6501DA solution and Bamianhe crude oil were lower than 10−2 mN m−1, and all the adsorption amounts of oil sand to 6501DA in solution were less than 2 mg g−1, indicating that AGS has potential for application in EOR in a hypersaline reservoir.
Gastric cancer in the remnant stomach after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A case series
Authors: Sonoda Keita , Samdani Rashmi T. , Ikoma Naruhiko , Kaya Dilsa Mizrak , Blum‐Murphy Mariela , Ajani Jaffer A. , Badgwell Brian D. , Katz Matthew H. , Rashid Asif , Estrella Jeannelyn S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) occasionally develops in the remnant stomach following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). In those who have undergone PD for adenocarcinoma, however, the interval and frequency of anastomotic GC are unknown.MethodsWe searched our institutional database for patients who had undergone PD for adenocarcinoma and subsequently developed GC between 1994 and 2018 and found six patients. We summarized the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of these patients with anastomotic GC.ResultsThe median interval from PD to development of GC was 111.5 months. Four patients underwent curative resection of gastrojejunal anastomosis. Pathologic analysis showed signet ring cell carcinoma in four patients. The median overall survival after developing GC was 61 months.ConclusionOur findings indicate that GC in the remnant stomach after PD is rare but can occur at gastrojejunostomy anastomosis after a prolonged period. Periodic and long‐term follow‐up +/− surveillance endoscopy to facilitate early detection of GC in the remnant stomach is recommended, particularly for symptomatic patients. Recognition of the anastomotic tumor as a second primary and not a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma recurrence/metastasis is crucial in the optimal treatment of these patients, as curative resection of early‐stage GC may prolong survival.
Real‐world evidence for increased deep neck infection risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chang Geng‐He , Ding Meng‐Chang , Chen Yu‐Cheng , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Liu Chia‐Yen , Chang Pey‐Jium , Lee Chuan‐Pin , Lin Meng‐Hung , Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Wu Ching‐Yuan , Lin Ko‐Ming , Tsai Ming‐Shao 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and deep neck infection (DNI).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with RA between 2000 and 2011 were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Moreover, patients without RA were randomly selected and matched at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, urbanization level, income, and diabetes mellitus. The patients were followed up until death or the end of the study period (December 31, 2013). The primary outcome was the occurrence of DNI.ResultsIn total, 30,207 patients with RA and 120,828 matched patients without RA were enrolled. Patients with RA had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of DNI than those without RA (P < 0.001). The adjusted Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that RA was significantly associated with a higher incidence of DNI (hazard ratio: 2.80, 95% confidence interval: 2.26–3.46, P < 0.001). Therapeutic methods (surgical or nonsurgical) did not differ significantly between the patients with RA‐DNI and with non–RA‐DNI. Patients with RA‐DNI had higher rates of tracheostomy, mediastinitis, mediastinitis‐related mortality, and mortality than patients with non–RA‐DNI, although these differences were without statistical significance. RA patients receiving no therapy experienced higher rates of DNI compared with those receiving methotrexate alone, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, or biologic therapies.ConclusionThis study is the first to investigate the association between RA and DNI. We conclude RA is an independent predisposing factor for DNI.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1402–1407, 2020
Exercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in children and young adults: From referral to diagnosis
Authors: Shay Elizabeth O. , Sayad Edouard , Milstein Claudio F. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo identify different presentations, referral patterns, comorbidities, and laryngoscopy findings in children and young adults with exercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO).MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of 112 patients, age <26 years, with EILO between 2013 and 2016.ResultsOf the 112 patients who met criteria, 91 were female and 21 were male. Patients were most frequently referred by pulmonologists (60.7%). The majority of patients (93%) participated in organized sports, most of them at a competitive level. The mean age at symptom onset was 13.8 ± 3.3 years, and the mean age of diagnosis was 15.4 ± 3.0 years. Sixty‐seven (59.8%) patients presented with a prior diagnosis of asthma, the majority of whom had failed asthma treatment. The most common symptoms reported were dyspnea (93.8%), wheezing/stridor (78.6%), and throat tightness (48.2%). Ninety‐one (81.3%) patients had spirometry performed, with 46 (51.1%) showing inspiratory loop flattening. On flexible laryngoscopy, 87 (78.4%) of 111 patients had paradoxical vocal fold motion. Supraglottic involvement was observed to obstruct the airway in 26 (23.9%) patients, with patterns of obstruction similar to those observed in children with laryngomalacia.ConclusionMost patients participated in competitive sports, were female, and presented with exertional dyspnea. Most patients were diagnosed with exercise‐induced asthma but treated unsuccessfully. Almost one‐quarter of our patients showed supraglottic collapse obstructing the airway. Exercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction is a more descriptive term than paradoxical vocal fold motion or vocal cord dysfunction, which only describe vocal fold involvement. The time to diagnosis of EILO was shorter than previously reported, suggesting that awareness of this condition is increasing.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E400–E406, 2020
Esophageal Manometry, pH Testing, Endoscopy, and Videofluoroscopy in Patients With Globus Sensation
Authors: Van Daele Douglas J. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives/HypothesisCombine techniques commonly employed in the clinical workup of patients with isolated globus sensation to identify the most common pharyngoesophageal abnormality. The primary aim was to retrospectively review high‐resolution manometry, pH probe testing, contrast videofluoroscopy, and endoscopy studies in patients with a primary complaint of globus sensation. The specific hypothesis was esophageal high‐resolution manometry identifies the most significant proportion of abnormalities compared to all other modalities.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsAn inclusive retrospective chart review was performed for patients evaluated between 2009 and 2016 with the primary complaint of globus sensation. Age at testing, self‐identified gender, associated diagnoses, and results from each modality were collected. Descriptive statistics and pairwise comparisons were performed as well as sensitivity and specificity calculations.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐two patients met inclusion criteria. The cohort had an age range of 22.7 to 88.5 years and was predominantly female. Esophageal manometry identified abnormalities in 62.8% of patients, and pH testing identified abnormal acidification in approximately 20%. The esophagram identified abnormalities in 24% of patients, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy identified abnormalities in 22%. Modified barium swallows were normal in 93% of patients. Measures of sensitivity and specificity of other modalities were poor compared to esophageal manometry and pH testing.ConclusionsPatients with isolated globus sensation have evidence of esophageal dysmotility and laryngopharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux disease in high proportions. Esophageal high‐resolution manometry testing identifies the greatest proportion of abnormalities of the investigated modalities.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2120–2125, 2020
Tetraphenylsilane‐Cored Star‐Shaped Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for pH‐Responsive Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Shang Yingqi , Guo Lingxiao , Wang Zhonggang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFour‐arm star‐shaped poly[2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐b‐poly[2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate]s block copolymers using tetraphenylsilane (TPS) as a core with adjustable arm lengths are synthesized through two‐step atom transfer radical polymerizations. For comparison, a linear block copolymer with similar molecular weight is also prepared. The assembled star‐shaped copolymer micelles exhibit sizes of 102–139 nm and critical micelle concentrations of 1.49–3.93 mg L−1. Moreover, the bulky and rigid TPS core is advantageous for propping up the four star‐shaped arms to generate large intersegmental space. As a result, the drug‐loading capacity in the micelles is up to 33.97 wt%, much surpassing the linear counterpart (8.92 wt%) and the previously reported star‐shaped copolymers prepared using pentaerythritol as the core. Furthermore, the micelles show sensitive pH‐responsive drug release when the pH changes from 7.4 to 5.0. The in vitro cytotoxicity to Hela cells indicates that the doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded micelles have similar anticancer activity to the pristine DOX. The combination of excellent micelle stability, high drug‐loading, sensitive pH response, and good anticancer activity endows the copolymers with promising application in drug control delivery for anticancer therapy.
The independent contributions of gender stereotypes and gender identification in predicting primary school pupils’ expectancies of success in STEM fields
Authors: Selimbegović Leila , Karabegović Mia , Blažev Mirta , Burušić Josip 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOn the basis of the expectancy‐value theory of achievement, this paper aims to examine the relative contributions of gender‐stereotype endorsement and gender identification on expectancies for success in STEM fields. In a sample of 880 Croatian primary school pupils of approximately 12 years of age, stereotyped beliefs about gender‐appropriateness of STEM‐related professions (stereotype endorsement) and self‐perception as a typical representative of one's gender (gender identification) were first assessed. Participants also reported their expectations for success in each of the STEM‐related professions previously used for establishing stereotype endorsement. Stereotype endorsement and gender identification separately interacted with gender to predict expectancies for success in STEM‐related professions. Higher levels of stereotype endorsement and gender identification fostered stereotype‐consistent expectancies for success in STEM fields (higher expectancies for boys than for girls). Implications are discussed in terms of strategies to encourage girls to engage in STEM‐related careers.
Miliary tuberculosis leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome: Clinical experience in pediatric intensive care
Authors: Piastra Marco , Picconi Enzo , Morena Tony C. , Valentini Piero , Buonsenso Danilo , Conti Giorgio , Antonelli Massimo , Wolfler Andrea M. , Chidini Giovanna , Pons‐Òdena Martí , De Pascale Gennaro ,   on behalf of the INTREPID group
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a rare complication of miliary tuberculosis (TB) in the adult setting, and it is even less common in the pediatric population. The presence of comorbidities and the possibility of a delayed diagnosis may further impair the clinical prognosis of critically ill patients with disseminated TB and acute respiratory failure. In this report, we present a case series of five pediatric patients with miliary TB and ARDS, where rescue and multimodal respiratory support strategies have been applied with a favorable outcome in more than half of them. The burden of miliary TB over time on a general pediatric intensive care unit—including two ARDS patients—is also illustrated.
Obesity, but not metabolic control, is associated with muscle strength and endurance in diabetic older adults
Authors: Bassi‐Dibai Daniela , Dibai‐Filho Almir Vieira , Carvalho Lívia Pinheiro , de Melo Bianca Cardoso , Pedrosa Letícia Bomfim , Mendes Renata Gonçalves , Caruso Flávia Cristina Rossi , Borghi‐Silva Audrey 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the association between muscle function, body composition, and metabolic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).MethodsForty‐eight individuals with DM2 were divided into four groups according to the severity of obesity (body mass index [BMI]: lean [LN, n = 10], overweight [OW, n = 16], obese class I [OBI, n = 15], and obese class II [OBII, n = 7]). Absolute peak torque (TQ), relative peak torque (TQ/body weight [BW]), total work (TW), and fatigue index (FI) were assessed by means of an isokinetic dynamometer during concentric knee extensor contraction. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to estimate the association between measurements.ResultsAlthough OBII had higher insulin levels than both LN and OW groups, no significant differences were found between groups for TQ, TQ/BW, TW, and FI, as well as between metabolic variables and muscle measurements. There was a positive correlation between BMI and TQ (rs = .45) and resistance tests, between BMI and TQ (rs = .43), and TW (rs = .37).ConclusionMetabolic variables do not correlate with muscle strength and endurance in DM2. However, severity of obesity measured by the BMI is positively associated with muscle force‐generating capacity and endurance.
Molecular dynamics study of interactions between polymorphic actin filaments and gelsolin segment‐1
Authors: Lee Myeongsang , Kang Ellen H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe assembly of protein actin into double‐helical filaments promotes many eukaryotic cellular processes that are regulated by actin‐binding proteins (ABPs). Actin filaments can adopt multiple conformations, known as structural polymorphism, which possibly influences the interaction between filaments and ABPs. Gelsolin is a Ca2+‐regulated ABP that severs and caps actin filaments. Gelsolin binding modulates filament structure; however, it is not known how polymorphic actin filament structures influence an interaction of gelsolin S1 with the barbed‐end of filament. Herein, we investigated how polymorphic structures of actin filaments affect the interactions near interfaces between the gelsolin segment 1 (S1) domain and the filament barbed‐end. Using all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that different tilted states of subunits modulate gelsolin S1 interactions with the barbed‐end of polymorphic filaments. Hydrogen bonding and interaction energy at the filament‐gelsolin S1 interface indicate distinct conformations of filament barbed ends, resulting in different interactions of gelsolin S1. This study demonstrates that filament's structural multiplicity plays important roles in the interactions of actin with ABPs.
Analysis of dispersion behavior of aluminum powder in a 20 L chamber with two symmetric nozzles
Authors: Yao Ning , Wang Liqiong , Bai Chunhua , Liu Nan , Zhang Bo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough aluminum (Al) powder is a potential fuel that has been widely used in many important fields, Al powders are dangerous because of its flammable and explosive characteristics. From this point of view, the investigation of the explosion characteristics of Al powders is of critical importance. The characteristics of a dust explosion are closely related to the dispersion behavior of the powders. The purpose of this research is to analyze the dispersion behavior of Al powder and the uniformity of dust cloud. The dispersion process of Al powders was studied using a high‐speed camera. Image processing technology was applied to obtain the transmission value of the light beam passing through the Al dust cloud at different locations within a vessel. The images obtained by the high‐speed camera indicated that the dispersion process had three stages, that is, a fast injection stage, diffusion stage, and stabilization stage. By examining the transmission‐time histories at 13 different locations in the chamber and at various Al concentrations (from 100 to 800 g/m3), the decay behavior of transmission under different concentrations was obtained, and the decay time fluctuated from 44 to 68 ms. By comparing the deviation of transmission at different locations and for various concentrations in the stabilization stage, the maximum SD obtained was 8.2%, that meant the dust clouds were relatively uniform. Finally, based on the experimental results, the ignition delay time (after which the powder/air mixture is considered homogeneous) corresponding to different dust concentrations should be different to ensure the accuracy of explosion characteristics test.
Investing in the S&P 500 index: Can anything beat the buy‐and‐hold strategy?
Authors: Dichtl Hubert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDetermining whether investment strategies exist that provide higher (risk‐adjusted) returns than buying and holding the S&P 500 stock market index is not only highly relevant for finance theory, but also for the asset management industry. This study conducts a comprehensive test using realistic investment strategies based on monthly seasonalities, technical indicators, and fundamental factors (over 4,100 strategies in total). To assess statistical significance, we use Hansen's data‐snooping‐resistant SPA test. The results show that only investment strategies trying to exploit underreaction and overreaction effects with technical indicators dominate the buy‐and‐hold strategy in some simulation setups. These investment strategies are clearly superior to the strategies based on seasonalities and fundamental factors. Given that underreaction and overreaction effects are mainly justified with cognitive biases, our results support the economic relevance of behavioral finance insights.
Integrating narratives into decision making for complex systems engineering design issues
Authors: MacKenzie Cameron A. , Bryden Kristy A. , Prisacari Anna A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEngineering decision making and design requires collaboration between groups from different disciplines, each with different tools, vocabulary, and concerns. Traditional engineering decision‐making tools are generally based on understanding the decision makers’ values, modeling uncertainty with probability, and selecting the alternative that maximizes utility. This rational approach to decision making may not be well understood or used by many stakeholders involved in the engineering design process. Constructing narratives, a basic means of human communication, may aid in engineering communication and comprehension and help with decision making. Narratives represent events by means of a story and usually include characters or agents who cause events and to whom events happen. This paper recommends three methods for how the use of narrative can be applied to the area of engineering decision making. These methods include connecting the decision maker to the analysis, creating narrative simulations for training decision makers, and fostering consensus in problems with multiple stakeholders. An illustrative example of designing a better cookstove for the developing world demonstrates the role that understanding narratives of various stakeholders can play for accomplishing complex systems engineering.
Comparative Performance of the 7th and 8th Editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual for Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Fisher Sarah B. , Habra Mouhammed A. , Chiang Yi‐Ju , Wu Si‐Yuan , Graham Paul H. , Grubbs Elizabeth G. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Perrier Nancy D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition staging manual for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) redefines T stage to include large vessel invasion (T4, previously undescribed) and restricts stage IV to those with distant metastases. We evaluated the prognostic power of the 8th edition.MethodsPatients with ACC treated between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, were identified. Overall survival (OS) was compared using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOf 290 patients evaluated, the change in T stage nomenclature impacted 13 (4.5%) who were previously categorized as T3; 61 had large vessel involvement but were already T4 based on invasion of adjacent organs. The restriction of stage IV to patients with distant metastases downstaged 41 (14.1%; T4N0M0 or T3–4N1M0) to stage III. In the 7th edition, the hazard ratio (HR) for death was similar between patients with stage II and III disease, with 5‐year OS 66.7%, 54.4%, 57.2%, and 14.0% (stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively). In the 8th edition, stages I and II remain unchanged, with 5‐year OS for stage III and IV 44.1% and 9.2%, respectively. The c‐index for the 7th and 8th editions was similar (83.4 and 82.7, respectively).ConclusionsWhile 8th edition changes impact a relatively small proportion of ACC patients, they represent progress toward a common staging system that accurately reflects prognosis. In the 8th edition, the inclusion of patients with T4 tumors or nodal disease as stage III rather than IV results in improved stratification between stages II and III.