bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive association of plasma leptin with sleep quality in obese type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Hirota Tomoe , Morioka Tomoaki , Yoda Koichiro , Toi Norikazu , Hayashi Noriyuki , Maruo Saori , Yamazaki Yuko , Kurajoh Masafumi , Motoyama Koka , Yamada Shinsuke , Shoji Tetsuo , Emoto Masanori , Inaba Masaaki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionPoor sleep quality is associated with obesity and diabetes. The adipocyte‐derived hormone, leptin, was recently shown to underlie the link between abnormal sleep and obesity. We aimed to investigate the association between leptin and sleep quality in type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsIn the present cross‐sectional study, we studied 182 type 2 diabetes patients, among whom 113 were diagnosed with obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2). Fasting plasma leptin levels were measured, and sleep architecture was assessed using single‐channel electroencephalography.ResultsUsing unadjusted analyses, the obese type 2 diabetes patients, but not their non‐obese counterparts, showed a positive correlation between plasma leptin levels and a parameter for deep sleep assessed by delta power during the first sleep cycle. Multivariate analysis showed that plasma leptin levels were positively associated with delta power, but not with the total sleep time, after adjusting for potential confounders including age, body mass index and the apnea–hypopnea index, in the obesity group. However, neither delta power nor total sleep time was associated with leptin in the non‐obesity group.ConclusionsPlasma leptin levels are independently associated with sleep quality in obese, but not in non‐obese, type 2 diabetes patients. The present study indicates a favorable relationship between leptin and sleep quality in obese type 2 diabetes patients.
Resilience Theory and Research on Children and Families: Past, Present, and Promise
Authors: Masten Ann S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOrigins and advances in the history of resilience science with children and families are highlighted in this article, with a focus on interconnections and integration. Individual and family resilience scholarship reflect interwoven roots, and there is a growing impetus to integrate knowledge and strategies to inform practice and policies to mitigate risk and promote resilience in systems that shape human adaptation over the life course. Resilience is defined as the capacity of a system to adapt successfully to significant challenges that threaten its function, viability, or development. Research evidence is summarized to illustrate parallels in concepts and findings from studies of child and family resilience, with special emphasis on parenting processes. Integrating models, findings, methods, and training across multiple systems and levels holds great promise for elucidating resilience processes that will inform efforts to build capacity for healthy adaptation in the face of rising threats to families and societies around the world.
Transcriptional and temporal response of Populus stems to gravi‐stimulation
Authors: Zinkgraf Matthew , Gerttula Suzanne , Zhao Shutang , Filkov Vladimir , Groover Andrew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPlants modify development in response to external stimuli, to produce new growth that is appropriate for environmental conditions. For example, gravi‐stimulation of leaning branches in angiosperm trees results in modifications of wood development, to produce tension wood that pulls leaning stems upright. Here, we use gravi‐stimulation and tension wood response to dissect the temporal changes in gene expression underlying wood formation in Populus stems. Using time‐series analysis of seven time points over a 14‐d experiment, we identified 8,919 genes that were differentially expressed between tension wood (upper) and opposite wood (lower) sides of leaning stems. Clustering of differentially expressed genes showed four major transcriptional responses, including gene clusters whose transcript levels were associated with two types of tissue‐specific impulse responses that peaked at about 24–48 h, and gene clusters with sustained changes in transcript levels that persisted until the end of the 14‐d experiment. Functional enrichment analysis of those clusters suggests they reflect temporal changes in pathways associated with hormone regulation, protein localization, cell wall biosynthesis and epigenetic processes. Time‐series analysis of gene expression is an underutilized approach for dissecting complex developmental responses in plants, and can reveal gene clusters and mechanisms influencing development.
Sudden infant death and sleep practices in the Black community
Authors: Stiffler Deborah , Ayres Brook , Fauvergue Cheyenne , Cullen Deborah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeA Black infant dies every 13 hours in the state of Indiana. The overall infant mortality rate in 2013 was 7.2 deaths per 1000 live births, but for Black infants, the rate was 15.3 deaths per 1000 live births. For over 20 years, placing an infant to sleep on his back has decreased the death rate from sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but many Black families continue to advocate bed sharing, prone sleeping, and inappropriate bedding/sleep surfaces, predisposing an infant to a significantly higher risk for SUID/SIDS. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand why Black women are less likely than White women to follow safe sleep recommendations for their infants.DesignA rigorous search of the literature was performed by searching the Web of Science, OVID, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and PubMed using the search terms: infant or child, death, loss, SIDS, SUID, qualitative, African American, Black, culture, safe sleep, experiences, and United States. A total of 217 articles were obtained. After review of inclusion and exclusion criteria and critical appraisal, only seven articles remained for the research study.MethodsThe meta‐synthesis of these seven original qualitative studies was performed using the Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument from the Joanna Briggs Institute to assist with data management. Data were extracted and representative quotations were categorized. Categories were arranged into like themes. Themes were then synthesized with meta‐aggregation.ResultsA total of 17 subthemes were identified and were formulated into three primary themes: convenience, safety, and culture. The final synthesized theme was that Black mothers are motivated by their beliefs.Practice ImplicationsBlack mothers tend to believe that SUIDS/SIDS is a random occurrence and is not preventable, so they see a little reason to make their infant sleep in a cold, hard crib, when they could sleep in a warm, comfortable bed with them. Nurses should work with Black mothers to understand their cultural beliefs while educating them about safe sleep practices.
Policy Transfer and Diversification in Resource‐Dependent Economies: Lessons for Kazakhstan from Alberta
Authors: Howie Peter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEconomic diversification in resource‐dependent countries is a difficult process. Most of these countries’ efforts to diversify have been unsuccessful. Alberta is one exception. It has succeeded in diversifying its economy by “diversifying in energy” using explicit policy decisions to promote human capital development in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), complement STEM education with education in management and innovation, foster proper market discipline, establish an effective intellectual property rights system, and strengthen links between various industries to support innovation. Kazakhstan's policy makers can learn valuable lessons from Alberta's successes. It is also important to understand that some of the initiatives that were successful in Alberta may not be appropriate for Kazakhstan because of the latter's system of state‐guided capitalism and limited public service capacity. Finally, evidence from Alberta suggests that promoting “winning” sectors is a way for favored insiders to capture a share of resource rent and seldom succeed.Related Articles

Khodr, Hiba, and
Isabella Ruble. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 656‐689. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12033/full

Khodr, Hiba. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 271‐310. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12068/full

Kim, Hae S. 2017. “.” Politics & Policy 45 (): 83‐104. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12190/full
Related Media
. 2003. “Should Developing Country Industrialisation Policies Encourage Processing of Primary Commodities?” The ACP‐EU Courier 196: 30‐32. http://ec.europa.eu/development/body/publications/courier/courier196/en/en_030.pdf

Litan, Robert E., and
Carl J. Schramm. 2007. “Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity.” Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/event/good-capitalism-bad-capitalism-and-economics-growth-and-prosperity

. 2015. “Economic Diversification and Nonextractive Growth.” In Engagement in Resource‐Rich Developing Countries: The Cases of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Zambia. Washington, DC: World Bank. 28‐42. http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/sites/default/files/Data/reports/chapters/ccpe-synthesis_ch4.pdf
Beta blockers in patients with end‐stage renal disease—Evidence‐based recommendations
Authors: Weir Matthew A. , Herzog Charles A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFor patients who require hemodialysis, beta blockers offer a simultaneous opportunity and challenge in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Beta blockers are well supported by data from nondialysis populations and directly mitigate the sympathetic overactivity that links chronic kidney disease with cardiovascular sequelae. However, the evidence supporting their use in patients receiving hemodialysis is sparse and the heterogeneity of the beta blocker class makes it difficult to prescribe these medications with confidence. Despite these limitations, both trial and observational data exist that can help guide the use of these medications. In this review, we outline the reasons to consider beta blockers for patients receiving hemodialysis, discuss the barriers to their use, and provide specific evidence‐based recommendations for beta blocker use in patients with heart failure, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and arrhythmia.
New Americans and the Quest for Political Office
Authors: Reny Tyler , Shah Paru 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveRecord numbers of first‐ and second‐generation immigrants have won elected office over the last few electoral cycles, yet we find immigrants are still underrepresented at all levels of government. What are the perceived barriers to entry into political life among these New Americans?MethodUsing a unique survey data set that includes an oversample of first‐ and second‐generation immigrants who have enrolled in civic leadership trainings, we examine the similarities and differences between immigrant and nonimmigrant leaders.ResultsWe find that immigrants are in many ways similar to their nonimmigrant counterparts in that access to structural resources help shape their political ambition. Yet immigrants, unlike their nonimmigrant counterparts, often have less of these resources and perceive their ability to capitalize on these resources as less feasible.ConclusionsWe find that the traditional barriers to office—lack of professional and political experiences, finances, and monied networks—all contribute to lower self‐perceived qualifications for office among both immigrants and nonimmigrants. Yet, the New American leaders who are highly politically involved, deeply rooted in their communities, and well‐positioned to run for office face the additional psychological barriers posed by their race and ethnicity, immigrant identity, citizenship status, language ability, and acculturation, barriers that are often offered in open‐ended essays as self‐evident and crippling. Leadership training programs play a crucial role in providing training and instilling confidence in would‐be immigrant candidates.
A phylogenomic analysis of Culicomorpha (Diptera) resolves the relationships among the eight constituent families
Authors: NARAYANAN  KUTTY SUJATHA , WONG WING HING , MEUSEMANN KAREN , MEIER RUDOLF , CRANSTON PETER S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCulicomorpha is a particularly species‐rich clade within Diptera (true flies) that comprises c. 10% of the described diversity, including many medically important flies. Morphological studies – even when all life stages are included – yield relationships different from those derived from molecular data, notably with regard to the position of Chironomidae. Congruence amongst molecular studies has been weak due to limitations in gene‐ and family‐level taxon coverage. Here we use a whole‐transcriptome shotgun phylogenomic approach to clarify the relationships among all families of Culicomorpha. The dataset comprised 30 species (27 ingroup) and 364 888 amino acid residues for 1233 single‐copy protein‐encoding genes. Likelihood and parsimony analyses produce robust and highly congruent phylogenetic trees, with only one node in conflict. The superfamily Culicoidea is well supported and comprises Dixidae + [Corethrellidae + (Chaoboridae + Culicidae)]. As suggested previously, Chironomoidea is not monophyletic. The well supported Thaumaleidae + Simuliidae is sister group to Culicoidea, with the weakly supported Chironomidae + Ceratopogonidae probably being the sister group of all remaining Culicomorpha. We used random addition concatenation analysis (RADICAL) and four‐cluster likelihood mapping (FcLM) to assess the strengths of nodal support. The sister‐group relationship between Chironomidae + Ceratopogonidae is consistent with the FcLM results but support for this relationship emerges only when 1150 of the 1233 loci are analysed. We discuss briefly nodes that remain poorly supported even with thousands of genes and mention problems with vouchering in transcriptomic studies.
Hemostatic profile and safety of pooled cryoprecipitate up to 120 hours after thawing
Authors: Lokhandwala Parvez M. , O'Neal Adrian , Patel Eshan U. , Brunker Patricia A. R. , Gehrie Eric A. , Zheng Gang , Kickler Thomas S. , Ness Paul M. , Tobian Aaron A. R. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDAABB standards state that cryoprecipitate should be transfused within 4 to 6 hours after thawing. We evaluated coagulation factor levels and sterility of thawed pooled cryoprecipitate to assess whether shelf life can be safely extended.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSDonor cryoprecipitate pools (n = 20, 10 group A, 10 group O) were held at ambient temperature and sampled at 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post‐thawing for fibrinogen, Factor (F)VIII, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels. Samples were tested at 0 and 120 hours for sterility (BacT/Alert system). Sixty additional cryoprecipitate pools were evaluated after 72 hours. Longitudinal differences in component levels were determined by linear fixed‐effects regression.RESULTSGroup O cryoprecipitate had significantly lower FVIII (p = 0.002) and vWF activity (p = 0.006) compared to group A at 0 hours, but were not statistically different in fibrinogen levels (p = 0.33). Fibrinogen levels were stable over 5 days: 501 ± 81 mg/unit (mean ± standard deviation) at 0 hours to 506 ± 102 mg/unit at 120 hours (p = 0.73). Similarly, there was no decline in vWF activity: 200 ± 53 IU/unit at 0 hours to 209 ± 57 IU/unit at 120 hours (p = 0.084). The FVIII activity significantly declined on average by 9.6 IU (95% confidence interval, 5.5‐13.8) between 0 hours (111 ± 33 IU/unit) and 120 hours post‐thaw (101 ± 33) (p < 0.001). No organisms were detected when cryoprecipitate pools were cultured at 0 hours, but at 120 hours Staphylococcus epidermidis was identified from one pool, potentially a contaminant introduced during repeated sampling. No cultures were positive among the 60 additional cryoprecipitate pools assessed at 72 hours.CONCLUSIONExtended cryoprecipitate storage at ambient temperature did not affect fibrinogen levels over 120 hours. Sterility of products held at ambient temperature for an extended period of time could be assessed by secondary culture.
Cryoprecipitate transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit: a performance improvement study to decrease donor exposure
Authors: Tkach Erin K. , Mackley Amy , Brooks Alison , Kessler Josh , Paul David A. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine if a change in cryoprecipitate transfusion policy impacts donor exposure and fibrinogen level in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe cryoprecipitate policy was changed from transfusing 10ml/kg to a maximum of 1 unit per transfusion in January 2013. Data were obtained via retrospective chart review of all infants receiving cryoprecipitate transfusions from January 2008 to February 2015 in the NICU at Christiana Hospital.RESULTSA total of 103 neonates received a total of 144 cryoprecipitate transfusions. Before the policy change, term babies were more likely to be exposed to more than one donor compared to preterm babies (75% vs. 6%, p < 0.01). After the policy change, no babies were exposed to greater than one donor per transfusion and there were similar increases in posttransfusion fibrinogen level as before the policy change.CONCLUSIONLimiting cryoprecipitate transfusions to 1 unit per transfusion decreased donor exposure in infants without negatively impacting posttransfusion fibrinogen levels. This is especially evident in term neonates.
SalmonellaReprograms Nucleotide Metabolism in Its Adaptation to Nitrosative Stress
Authors: Fitzsimmons Liam F. , Liu Lin , Kim Ju-Sim , Jones-Carson Jessica , Vázquez-Torres Andrés 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe adaptations that protect pathogenic microorganisms against the cytotoxicity of nitric oxide (NO) engendered in the immune response are incompletely understood. We show here that salmonellae experiencing nitrosative stress suffer dramatic losses of the nucleoside triphosphates ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP while simultaneously generating a massive burst of the alarmone nucleotide guanosine tetraphosphate. RelA proteins associated with ribosomes overwhelmingly synthesize guanosine tetraphosphate in response to NO as a feedback mechanism to transient branched-chain amino acid auxotrophies. Guanosine tetraphosphate activates the transcription of valine biosynthetic genes, thereby reestablishing branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis that enables the translation of the NO-consuming flavohemoglobin Hmp. Guanosine tetraphosphate synthesized by RelA protects salmonellae from the metabolic stress inflicted by reactive nitrogen species generated in the mammalian host response. This research illustrates the importance of nucleotide metabolism in the adaptation of salmonellae to the nutritional stress imposed by NO released in the innate host response.IMPORTANCENitric oxide triggers dramatic drops in nucleoside triphosphates, the building blocks that power DNA replication; RNA transcription; translation; cell division; and the biosynthesis of fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, and peptidoglycan. Concomitantly, this diatomic gas stimulates a burst of guanosine tetraphosphate. Global changes in nucleotide metabolism may contribute to the potent bacteriostatic activity of nitric oxide. In addition to inhibiting numerous growth-dependent processes, guanosine tetraphosphate positively regulates the transcription of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis genes, thereby facilitating the translation of antinitrosative defenses that mediate recovery from nitrosative stress.
Associations between birth weight, obesity, fat mass and lean mass in Korean adolescents: the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kang Myunggee , Yoo Jung Eun , Kim Kyuwoong , Choi Seulggie , Park Sang Min 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivePrevious studies on the relationship between birth weight and obesity in adolescents have mostly been conducted within Western populations and have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the association between birth weight, obesity, fat mass and lean mass in Korean adolescents using the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES V).MethodsThe study population consisted of a total of 1304 (693 men and 611 women) participants aged between 12 and 18 years. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were calculated by multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine the association between birth weight and being overweight or obese. Furthermore, adjusted mean values for body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) according to birth weight were calculated by multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsIndividuals within the highest 25th percentile in birth weight were more likely to be overweight (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.76) compared with adolescents within the 25th and 75th percentile in birth weight. Female adolescents who were in the highest 25th percentile in birth weight were more likely to be obese (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.41) compared with those within the 25th and 75th percentile in birth weight. Increasing FMI, but not LMI was associated with increasing birth weight (P for trend: 0.03). This tendency remained only in female population in sex-stratified analysis (P for trend: 0.03).ConclusionsHigh birth weight may lead to obesity and increased fat mass, but not lean mass. Adolescents born with high birth weight may benefit from close weight monitoring and early intervention against obesity.
Pre-existing depression predicts survival in cardiovascular disease and cancer
Authors: Yang Lei , Korhonen Kaarina , Moustgaard Heta , Silventoinen Karri , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundPrevious studies have found depression to be negatively associated with the prognosis of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, but this may partly reflect reverse causality. We limited the possibility of reverse causality by measuring depression before the first diagnosis of CVD or cancer.MethodsWe used an 11% longitudinal random sample of the Finnish population aged 25 years or older who are residents of Finland for at least 1 year between 1987 and 2007, with an 80% oversample of those who died during this period. Those who had their first incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) (n=107 966), stroke (n=68 685) or cancer (n=113 754) between 1998 and 2012 were followed up for cause-specific mortality from the date of diagnosis until the end of 2012. Depression was defined as having antidepressant purchases two to three calendar years before the incidence. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to examine short-term and long-term mortality by depression status.ResultsLong-term mortality after diagnosis was 1.34 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.44) for CHD, 1.26 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.37) for stroke and 1.10 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.16) for cancer in those who had used antidepressants in two consecutive calendar years as compared with those with no purchases. Short-term mortality from CHD was elevated among persons with depression (OR=1.30; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.61), but no association was found for stroke.ConclusionPre-existing depression is associated with a worse prognosis of CHD, stroke and cancer. More attention in the healthcare system is needed for patients with chronic diseases who have a history of depression.