bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Our Angel of Salvation”: Toward an Understanding of Iranian Cyberspace as an Alternative Sphere of Musical Sociality
Authors: Nooshin Laudan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article explores the emergence of the internet as an alternative sphere of musical circulation, focusing on the case of Iran and specifically certain kinds of music for which the internet has become the primary arena of musical sociality, in some cases replacing its physical public presence entirely. In particular, it asks how the spaces opened up by new media technologies have shifted the conceptual boundaries between public and private. The article begins with an overview of recent scholarly work on Iranian cyberspace and on the relationship between “public” and “private,” providing a grounding for the case examples that follow.
اين مقاله به بررسى ظهور اينترنت به مثابه فضايى جايكزين براى نشر، توضيع و كردش موسيقى يرداخته و به طور مشخص بر مورد ايران و انواع موسيقايى خاصى تمركز مى كند كه برايشان اينترنت به بستر اصلى هموندى هاى موسيقايى (musical socialities) تبديل و در برخى موارد حتى به طور كامل جانشين حضور فيزيكى آنها در فضاى عمومى شده است. إرسش مقاله مشخصا اين است كه حكونه فضداهاى كشوده شده به وسيله فناوريهاى جديد رسانه اى مرزهاى مفهومى ميان حوزه هاى عمومى و خصوصى را جابجا كرده اند. مقاله با بررسى اجمالى آثار دانشورانه در باب فضاى مجازى ايرانى و رابطه ميان حوزه هاى «عمومى» و «خصوصى» اغاز مى شود كه فراهم كننده زمينه مناسبى براى بررسى هاى موردى ييش رو خواهد بود.
Turning Heads: Alexander and the Animals
Authors: Cohen Ada 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article engages with two intriguing pictorial tropes, two “pathos formulas,” in the art of the late Classical and Hellenistic periods, one well known and one hardly noticed. The latter is a stylized head pose adopted by animals in the popular imagery of the hunt. This pose assigns humanlike consciousness to animals, thus raising bigger interpretive questions. The ancient understanding of Alexander’s personality and/or appearance as leonine presents the reverse relationship, whereby the animal takes priority in conceptualizing the human. The well-known pathos formula explored in this connection concerns Alexander himself, whose turn of head is among the most frequently invoked but imperfectly understood aspects of his portraiture.
Animals in Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Law: Tort and Ethical Laws
Authors: Breier Idan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article examines the attitude toward animals in the Pentateuch and ancient Near Eastern legal codes. Employing a comparative approach, it analyzes criminal and tort law in relation to animals and their carers—stealing and finding animals used in factory farms, the responsibility of watchmen and renters, and that of the legal “owners” of animals who cause damage. Demonstrating how animals form part of the biblical ethical system, in which ethical demands become binding statutes, it looks at why this process only occurred in the Hebrew Bible and not in other ancient Near Eastern cultures.
Direitos Humanos, religião e política por um despertar do anseio ético
Authors: Gomes Matheus Souza 
Published: September 2018

Chama a atenção desde meados da década de 1980 a crescente presença de representantes religiosos - especialmente os de denominações evangélicas - no meio político brasileiro. Tal fato instigou diversos autores brasileiros a pensarem na questão dos “fenômenos” de laicização e secularização em nosso contexto. Não focaremos aqui na complexidade em torno destas categorias, mas destacaremos o modo como elas se relacionam com o “avanço” da religião sobre o espaço público no Brasil. Além disto, analisaremos o desdobramento dessa relação conflituosa no que diz respeito à questão dos Direitos Humanos. Por fim, apresentaremos um possível caminho que as “religiões brasileiras” podem tomar para o avanço dos direitos das minorias no país, a partir das noções de moral e virtude dinamogência propostas por Durkheim. Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos. Religião. Política. Espaço público. Dinamogênese. Moral.
КАЛЬДЕРА ВУЛКАНА КСУДАЧ (КАМЧАТКА): СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ РЕЛЬЕФООБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРОЕНИЯ ДОЛИННОЙ СЕТИ, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Лебедева Е. В. 
Published: September 2018

Вулкан Ксудач (Камчатка) состоит из пяти полностью или частично вложенных друг в друга кальдер позднеплейстоценового (кальдеры I и II) и голоценового (III-V) возраста. Анализ процессов рельефообразования и строения внутрикальдерных речных долин позволяет заключить, что, несмотря на высокую голоценовую вулканическую активность (вулкано-тектонические обрушения, значительные объемы выброшенного пирокластического материала) верховья многих современных долин заложились еще на склонах кальдер I и II и продолжают функционировать и в настоящее время, являясь верхними звеньями более молодых голоценовых долин кальдер IV-V. Сохранившиеся позднеплейстоценовые фрагменты верхних звеньев речной сети продолжали концентрировать сток, в результате чего шло восстановление разрушенных при голоценовых извержениях нижних звеньев речной сети, но уже в зависимости от характера вновь сформированного вулканического рельефа. Рост вулканического конуса Штюбеля внутри кальдеры V оказал значительное влияние на ориентировку и морфологию прилежащих водотоков: в частности, привел к позднеголоценовой перестройке руч. Лагерного, который совершил поворот на 120°. Участок его древней долины сохранился в виде плоскодонной седловины на ЗЮЗ от кратера влк. Штюбеля, которая постепенно разрушается под воздействием эрозии. Большое влияние на речную сеть оказала и эксплозивная деятельность Ксудача: мощные пирокластические потоки неоднократно выполняли долины как внутрикальдерных водотоков, так и сходили по р. Теплой. Последующее врезание долин привело к формированию в них эрозионных и цокольных террас, сложенных пирокластическим материалом.
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ МАЛЫХ ВОДОСБОРОВ В РЕЧНЫХ БАССЕЙНАХ ОСВОЕННЫХ РАВНИН, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Мальцев К.А. , Шарифуллин А.Г. 
Published: September 2018

Проведена классификация малых водосборов по четырем морфометрическим характеристикам, определяющим энергию рельефа: средняя высота, вертикальная расчлененность, густота овражно-балочной сети и средний уклон. Для выполнения классификации был использован метод Варда, в качестве операционно-территориальной единицы использовался элементарный водосбор. Районирование позволяет разработать рекомендации по размещению сельскохозяйственных культур для снижения темпов смыва почв и уменьшения количества наносов, поступающих со склонов в русла постоянных и временных водотоков. Апробирование методики было выполнено в пределах верховьев р. Медведицы (бассейн р. Дон). Выделено шесть классов элементарных водосборов, проведено их ранжирование по энергии рельефа. Составленная карта районирования элементарных водосборов может быть использована для совершенствования структуры землепользования и включения в севообороты сельскохозяйственных культур, обладающих разной почвозащитной эффективностью.
ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ И АНТРОПОГЕННЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕННЫЕ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНЫЕ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ РУСЕЛ РЕК, "Геоморфология"
Authors: БЕРКОВИЧ К.М. , ЗЛОТИНА Л.В. , ТУРЫКИН Л.А. 
Published: September 2018

Направленные вертикальные деформации - это систематическое врезание или отложение наносов на значительном протяжении реки, в процессе которого происходит повышение или понижение высотного положения продольного профиля реки и изменение его формы. Современные деформации происходят во временном интервале, документируемом историческими материалами и непосредственными наблюдениями, который охватывает несколько столетий, развиваются под влиянием человека или имеют чисто антропогенное происхождение, хотя известную роль играют естественные деформации, обусловленные тектоникой и изменениями климата. Для анализа динамики процесса вертикальных деформаций русла использованы, кроме литературных источников по ряду рек Мира, материалы исследований участков р. Оби выше и ниже Новосибирского водохранилища, участка нижнего бьефа Воткинского гидроузла на р. Каме, участков рек Томи, Оки, Белой с массовыми русловыми карьерами, на которых авторами выполнялись и выполняются в настоящее время исследования русловых процессов. Постройка плотин и создание водохранилищ, а также добыча строительных материалов из русел рек наиболее заметно способствуют развитию вертикальных деформаций. Анализ материалов показал, что как процесс врезания ниже плотин и на участках русловых карьеров, так и процесс регрессивной аккумуляции выше водохранилищ описывается экспоненциальной зависимостью, отражающей асимптотический характер понижения или повышения дна. Коэффициенты зависимости зависят от подвижности русла. В ходе врезания русло реки становится все менее подвижным, и его восстановление может происходить в другой гидрологической и геоморфологической обстановке.
ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРОЕНИЯ КОТЛОВИНЫ И ТРОГА УЛЛЫНДО (ЮЖНАЯ ЧАСТЬ ЯПОНСКОГО МОРЯ), "Геоморфология"
Authors: Ломтев В.Л. 
Published: September 2018

Данные одно- и многоканального сейсмопрофилирования и бурения позволили установить новые черты строения котловины и трога Уллындо и их неоген-четвертичного чехла. Эти формы возникли в среднем-позднем плейстоцене в результате контрастных тектонических движений, активного вулканизма и связанного с ним компенсационного опускания дна на 2-2.5 км и инверсии приосевой части краевого прогиба Нактон (хребет Оки). Впервые выявлено, что накопление осадочного чехла этой котловины шло за счет отложений р. Хуанхэ: в неогене-раннем плейстоцене ее косослоистые отложения, формировавшие дельту, авандельту и конус выноса реки, постепенно заполняли краевой прогиб Нактон. Образование котловины Уллындо сопровождалось также оползанием края авандельты, которое продолжается и в настоящее время - зафиксированы блоковые, возможно цунамигенные, оползни. На временных разрезах непрерывного сейсмопрофилирования обнаружены признаки газо- и, возможно, нефтеносности отложений конуса выноса (верхняя контрастная и нижняя полупрозрачная толщи).
Improving the early screening procedure for autism spectrum disorder in young children: Experience from a community‐based model in shanghai
Authors: Li Chunyang , Zhu Guowei , Feng Jingjing , Xu Qiong , Zhou Zhaoe , Zhou Bingrui , Hu Chunchun , Liu Chunxue , Li Huiping , Wang Yi , Yan Weili , Ge Xiaoling , Xu Xiu 
Published: September 2018

Most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not diagnosed until the age of 4, thus missing the opportunity for early intervention. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an early screening program for ASD applied during well‐child visits in a community‐based sample. The study lasted for 4 years and was divided into two stages. Stage I involved the implementation of the basic screening model in 2014. Toddlers received level 1 screening via section A of the Chinese‐validated version of the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT‐23) during 18‐ and 24‐month well‐child visits in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. Screen‐positive children were referred to receive section B of the CHAT‐23 for level 2 screening, and those still screen‐positive were referred to undergo diagnosis and evaluation. Stage II involved the implementation of the improved screening model from 2015 to 2017 with the following modifications: (a) an added observational component in level 1 screening; (b) telephone follow‐ups with the screen‐positive families; and (c) dissemination of information on ASD to families. The results showed that 42 of 22,247 screened children were diagnosed with ASD. The ASD diagnosis rates were 0.1% in Stage I and 0.21% in Stage II. The screen‐positive rate and the show rate of referral for level 1 screening increased by 76.92% and 58.43%, respectively, in Stage II compared to Stage I. Our results suggest that with appropriate logistic support, this two‐level screening model is feasible and effective for the early screening of ASD during well‐child visits. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1206–1217. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay summaryDifficulty in the timely identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) results in missed opportunities for many ASD children to receive early intervention. In this study, we established an early screening model for ASD among children aged 18–24 months in the community by relying on the three‐level child healthcare system in China. The results showed that this model can effectively identify and diagnose ASD in children at an early age and thus enable early intervention.
Hybrid‐stenting with metallic and bioresorbable drug‐eluting stents 2‐year clinical outcomes in KUM ABSORB registry
Authors: Baquet Moritz , Grundmann David , Schmidt Wolfgang , Thienel Manuela , Jochheim David , Tesche Christian , Theiss Hans Diogenes , Brunner Stefan , Massberg Steffen , Mehilli Julinda 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAim and ObjectiveWe sought to investigate and compare outcomes 2 years after Hybrid‐stenting with bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) and contemporary metallic drug‐eluting stents (DES) within the same coronary lesion versus BVS alone.MethodsBetween 11/2012 and 7/2015 at our institution, 134 (33.2%) were treated with Hybrid‐stenting for complex or long coronary lesions, 270 patients were treated by BVS alone. The primary outcome of interest was target lesion failure (TLF) at 2‐years of follow‐up.ResultsPatients treated by Hybrid‐stenting were more frequently men (80% vs. 70%, p = 0.04) had extensive multivessel disease (84% vs. 71%, p < 0.01) including more complex (89% vs. 52%, p < 0.01) and longer lesions (28.9 mm vs 16.4 ± mm, p < 0.01) resulting in longer treated segments (47.3 mm vs 21.5 mm, p < 0.01) and more residual in‐segment stenosis (12.3% vs 8.5%, p < 0.01) compared to BVS alone patients. At 2 years, cumulative incidence of TLF was 9.7% of Hybrid‐stenting patients and 11.5% of BVS alone patients (p = 0.62), myocardial infarction (3.0% vs 4.1%, p = 0.59) and mortality (1.5% vs 4.1%, p = 0.17), respectively.Target lesion revascularization occurred in 9 Hybrid‐stenting patients (2 located in DES) and in 20 BVS alone patients, cumulative incidence 6.7% vs. 7.4% (p = 0.80). Chronic kidney disease and residual in‐segment stenosis >30% were identified as independent predictors of TLF at 2‐years.ConclusionDespite differences in clinical and angiographic profile, Hybrid‐stenting performed similar to BVS alone at 2 years after percutaneous coronary intervention.
Enhancing Type I Photochemistry in Photodynamic Therapy Under Near Infrared Light by Using Antennae–Fullerene Complexes
Authors: Li Qian , Huang Chun , Liu Liwei , Hu Rui , Qu Junle 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has been developed as salvage or palliative treatment for a wide range of tumors. The principle underlying this therapy is the generation of reactive oxygen species through two types of photochemical pathways. As compared with the type II pathway, the type I pathway offers a higher oxidizing ability for photosensitive residues such as tryptophan, lower oxygen dependency, and deeper tissue penetration ability. In this review, we focus on the enhancement of the type I pathway in the near infrared (NIR) optical therapeutic window of wavelength 700–1,100 nm by using antennae–fullerene complexes. When photo‐induced electron transfer occurs from antennas to fullerene, the pathway switches from type II to type I. Enhancing the type I pathway leads to less oxygen dependency and stronger capacity for tryptophan oxidation. Then, antennae that transfer long‐wavelength light (e.g., NIR light) energy to fullerene via photo‐induced energy and/or electron transfer have the ability to affect deep‐seated tumors. On the basis of theories on photo‐induced energy/electron transfer in other fields such as solar cells, here, we summarize the mechanism by which the switch from the type II to type I pathway occurs in antenna–fullerene‐based PDT.
Discrimination of apples with standardized data from an electronic nose
Authors: Asakawa Mayuko , Yamanaka Yuta , Fujioka Kouki , Manome Yoshinobu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aims to utilize information of aroma data from sensing technology for virtual reality space. We applied FF‐2A sensor for discrimination testing of several fruits’ aroma and investigated the discrimination accuracy of the installed sensors. Our results indicated that the aroma of apples can be distinguished from other fruits by analyzing standardized data from specific sensors, and then be divided into two groups by the inclusion of an apple flavor. Our discrimination system may be useful to share the aroma information with remote location in future.
Real‐world safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for elderly patients
Authors: Tamai Hideyuki , Shingaki Naoki , Ida Yoshiyuki , Shimizu Ryo , Maeshima Shuya , Okamura Junpei , Kawashima Akira , Nakao Taisei , Hara Takeshi , Matsutani Hiroyoshi , Nishikawa Izumi , Higashi Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2018

Background and AimIn September 2015, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir were approved for clinical use in Japan for patients infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus. We conducted a postmarketing prospective cohort study to elucidate the safety and efficacy of this therapy in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe treated 509 patients using standard doses of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for 12 weeks. As sustained virological response (SVR) in 2 patients could not be evaluated, 507 patients were finally analyzed. Patients with daclatasvir plus asunaprevir failure were excluded.ResultsFour patients (0.8%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events. SVR rates for the overall cohort, patients <65 years old, ≥65 and <75 years old, and ≥75 years old were 98% (495/507), 98% (161/163), 96% (179/186), and 98% (155/158), respectively. SVR rates among cirrhotic patients, patients with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, patients with protease inhibitor (PI) triple therapy failure, and patients with resistance‐associated substitutions (RASs) to nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) were 97% (228/235), 98% (117/119), 95% (95/100), 94% (46/49), and 92% (44/48), respectively. In the comparison of factors between patients with and without SVR, high body weight, discontinuation of therapy, and NS5A RASs were significantly associated with non‐SVR.ConclusionsIn this real‐world setting, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir were a safe treatment even in patients ≥75 years old. When patients without pre‐existing NS5A RASs and daclatasvir plus asunaprevir failure are selected, extremely high SVR rates can be achieved irrespective of age.
Lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance in a multiracial Asian population in Malaysia
Authors: Goh Li‐Han , Mohd Said Rosaida , Goh Khean‐Lee 
Published: September 2018

Background and AimsThere have been few reports on lactase deficiency (LD) and lactose intolerance (LI) in Malaysia, which has a peculiar mix of three distinct major Asian races—Malay, Chinese, and Indian. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LD and LI in a young multiethnic Malaysian population.MethodsLactase activity was measured with a 13CO2 lactose breath test using an infrared spectrometer. Each subject took 25 g of lactose naturally enriched in 13CO2 together with 250 mL of water after an overnight fast. Breath samples were collected at baseline and at 15‐min intervals for 180 min. Subjects were asked to report gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following ingestion of the lactose test meal.ResultsOf the 248 subjects tested, 216 (87.1%) were lactase deficient. We found no significant differences in the presentation of LD between gender and races. LD was found in 87.5% of males and 86.8% of females (P = 0.975) and in different races: Chinese (88.5%) versus Malay (83.1%) (P = 0.399), Indian (90.5%) versus Malay (P = 0.295), and Chinese versus Indian (P = 0.902). LI was diagnosed in only 49 (19.8%) subjects; 35 patients had diarrhea, while the remainder had at least two other GI symptoms after the lactose meal.ConclusionThe prevalence of LD was high in all three major ethnic groups—Malays, Chinese, and Indians. Ironically, the prevalence of LI was low overall.
Prostate Cancer Differentiation and Aggressiveness: Assessment With a Radiomic‐Based Model vs. PI‐RADS v2
Authors: Chen Tong , Li Mengjuan , Gu Yuefan , Zhang Yueyue , Yang Shuo , Wei Chaogang , Wu Jiangfen , Li Xin , Zhao Wenlu , Shen Junkang 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMultiparametric MRI (mp‐MRI) combined with machine‐aided approaches have shown high accuracy and sensitivity in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. However, radiomics‐based analysis has not been thoroughly compared with Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI‐RADS v2) scores.PurposeTo develop and validate a radiomics‐based model for differentiating PCa and assessing its aggressiveness compared with PI‐RADS v2 scores.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 182 patients with biopsy‐proven PCa and 199 patients with a biopsy‐proven absence of cancer were enrolled in our study.Field Strength/SequenceConventional and diffusion‐weighted MR images (b values = 0, 1000 sec/mm2) were acquired on a 3.0T MR scanner.AssessmentA total of 396 features and 385 features were extracted from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images and T2WI, respectively. A predictive model was constructed for differentiating PCa from non‐PCa and high‐grade from low‐grade PCa. The diagnostic performance of each radiomics‐based model was compared with that of the PI‐RADS v2 scores.Statistical TestsA radiomics‐based predictive model was constructed by logistic regression analysis. 70% of the patients were assigned to the training group, and the remaining were assigned to the validation group. The diagnostic efficacy was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in both the training and validation groups.ResultsFor PCa versus non‐PCa, the validation model had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.985, 0.982, and 0.999 with T2WI, ADC, and T2WI&ADC features, respectively. For low‐grade versus high‐grade PCa, the validation model had an AUC of 0.865, 0.888, and 0.93 with T2WI, ADC, and T2WI&ADC features, respectively. PI‐RADS v2 had an AUC of 0.867 in differentiating PCa from non‐PCa and an AUC of 0.763 in differentiating high‐grade from low‐grade PCa.Data ConclusionBoth the T2WI‐ and ADC‐based radiomics models showed high diagnostic efficacy and outperformed the PI‐RADS v2 scores in distinguishing cancerous vs. noncancerous prostate tissue and high‐grade vs. low‐grade PCa.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:875–884.