bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF APITOXIN AND PRODUCTS ON ITS BASIS
Authors: Butenko L. I. , Kuleshova S. A. , Podgornaya J. V. , Myikots L. P. , Dmitriev A. B. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction.Nowadays, it is vitally important to develop a method for quantifying melittin not only in apitoxin samples, but also in the products of its processing.The aim of our studyis to investigate physical and chemical characteristics of melittin, the main component of apitoxin, as well as the development of methods for the quantitative determination of melittin in the samples of apitoxin and in the pharmaceutical products derived from apitoxin: “Sophia with apitoxin” cream and “Apizartron” ointment.Materials and methods.The objects of the research were apitoxin and melittin, as well as the samples of “Sophia with apitoxin” cream and “Apizartron” ointment satisfying the requirements of regulatory documentation, produced in lots by domestic and foreign manufacturers. The UV spectra of melittin and apitoxin were registered on SF 103 spectrophotometer in quartz cuvettes with 1 cm thickness. The IR spectra were investigated on the IR-instrument of Fourier – FSM-1201 spectrophotometer, LLC “Infraspek”. The determination of melittin purity was carried out by chromatography.Results and discussion. The basic physical and chemical characteristics were established for melittin as a reference sample and the main component of apitoxin. The melting temperature was: (Tmelt.)=190ºС. In the UV-spectrum there could be watched the absorption maxima corresponding to 2 peaks: λ max = 225±2 nm and 285±2 nm were observed. As an analytical wavelength, it is necessary to choose the peak λ =285 nm, since the peak with λ =225 nm is associated with the absorption of light by the internal (shielded) benzene ring of the tryptophan molecule. The nature of the curve and the position of the maxima of the spectra of melittin and the apitoxin solution coincide, which makes it possible to use melittin as a standard for spectrometric quantitative determination of the active substances in apitoxin and preparations based on apitoxin.Conclusion. The worked out spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of melittin in apitoxin has been validated by the indices of specificity, accuracy, detection limit, quantitative determination limit, linearity.
TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICINES AND GALENICAL PREPARATIONS: THE CASE OF PRESCRIPTION FORMULASFROM “ANTIDOTARIUM” NICOLAI BY NICHOLAS OF SALERNO
Authors: Voronov F. D. , Ruzhinskaya I. N. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction. This study deals with the problem of similarity of the principles and approaches of drug technologies in the medieval manuscript “Antidotarium Nicolai” by Nicholas of Salerno with modern pharmaceutical technologies.The aim of study is a textual investigation of “Antidotarium Nicolai”, a detailed research of the content of the manuscript, recipes and technologies for making medicines.Materials and methods. In order to achieve this goal, eighty-five recipes of “Antidotarium Nicolai” have been identified, systematized and analyzed in a documentary translation from medieval French. An interdisciplinary study of the content of the manuscript was carried out with the help of factor analysis of the historical source and modern scientific literature.Results and discussion. Having described the content and aspects of the prescriptions of “Antidotarium Nicolai”, the authors note the similarity of the technologies of drugs and galenical preparations with modern pharmaceutical technology, in particular, with the technology of pharmacy production. In “Antidotarium Nicolai” it is stated that preparations based on herbal medicinal raw materials may be second-line therapy agents for completing treatment after the application of basic pharmacological preparations.Conclusion. The results of this work reveal the potential for the use of herbal medicines in the conditions of modern evidence-based medicine, in particular, in the organization of long-term treatment and secondary prevention of chronic diseases in patients who need to maintain their ability to work, and provide them with a sufficiently high level of quality of life. A detailed translation of the full text of the manuscript, the analysis of its content in accordance with the requirements of rational pharmacotherapy and phytotherapy, further favors to identify the prospects for the development of new drugs, multi-component in their chemical composition with a wide range of therapeutic effects.
ETYMOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF MODERN ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN OF EARLY AGE HOSPITALIZED TO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Khaliullina S. V. , Anokhin V. A. , Demidenko K. Yu. , Nyagashkina E. V. , Khaliullina K. R. , Pokrovskaya E. M. , Khaertynov Kh. S. 
Published: September 2018

Objective: to estimate the prevalence and clinical-epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections of various etiology in children of the first three years of life, hospitalized to the intensive care unit of a children’sinfectious hospital.150 children of the first three years of life of the total number of patients, hospitalized to the intensive care unit of the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Kazan with a severe ARI, were randomly selected. The design of the research was consistent with the observational analytic.Results: the etiology of ARI was interpreted in 74% (95% CI 67–81), 111/150 cases. Rhinovirus infection is the main cause of development of severe forms of ARI in young children; in second place – influenza viruses – 13.9-28.7% in different age groups. Clinically significant in all age groups were respiratory syncitial viruses (7.1–16.7%), in children up to one year – parainfluenza viruses (13.9% (95% CI 6–21.8), 10/72, and in patients older than 2 years – adenoviruses (12–14.2%). Seasonal rise in the incidence of ARI was noted in the cold season. It was caused by influenza viruses, respiratory syncitial viruses, parainfluenza viruses. In the summer months, the rhino-, metapneumo- and adenoviruses were most common. The expressed general toxic effects that caused hospitalization were recorded in 66% (95% CI 58.4–73.6), 99/150 of the examined patients, manifestations of respiratory failure was detected in 58% (95% CI 50.1–65.9), 87/150.Conclusions: the leading causes of development of severe forms of ARI in young children are rhinoviruses, influenza viruses and the respiratory syncitial virus. They are associated with: respiratory tract diseases with respiratory failure, a symptom complex of toxicosis. Previously thought «harmless», rhinovirus infection is becoming a leader in the range of causes of severe forms of respiratory infections in young children.
NON-ANTIBACTERIAL ALTERNATIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN. PART 2**. SUPPRESSION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF MICROBIAL INITIATION OF INFLAMMATION
Authors: Kirillov V. I. , Bogdanova N. A. , Morozov S. L. 
Published: September 2018

The data on the effectiveness of the use of medicinal products, aimed at increasing the antibacterial resistance of the urinary tract («therapeutic vaccines», immunotropic medications), as well asthe minimization of pathological processes(inflammation, oxidative stress) as a result of exposure to infectious microorganisms are presented. Brief information is given on the possibility of slowing nephrosclerotic processes using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, as well as on the prospects of renoprotection on experimental models.
ANAPHYLAXIS AND VACCINATION: RISKS AND REALITIES
Authors: Ruban A. P. , Pampura A. N. 
Published: September 2018

The article is about the problem of anaphylaxis in the post-vaccination period. Data on the frequency of its prevalence and lethality depending on the type of vaccine are presented. Variants of a clinical picture of anaphylaxis and differential-diagnostic approaches are indicated. The major causal components of vaccines, anaphylaxis inducers, and methods for their identification are mentioned. Therapeutic approaches are analyzed, false myths and contraindications to vaccination are indicated. The experience of carrying out preventive individual measures is generalized.
PHYSIOLOGY OF TASTE PERCEPTION: THE ROLE OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF TASTE PREFERENCES
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Dmitriyeva Yu. A. , Machneva E. B. , Kasyanova A. N. 
Published: September 2018

Taste perception has a significant impact on the formation of human food preferences. The basics of taste perception of the child are formed under the influence of genetic polymorphism and congenital taste preferences, developing under the influence of a number of environmental factors. A significant impact on the formation of taste hasthe mother’s nutrition during pregnancy, the nature of the child’sfeeding, the baby’s health during the first year of life, as well as national and family traditions of nutrition. The article describes the mechanisms of formation of different taste sensations, summarizes the results of modern research on the genetics of taste receptors, the role of individual environmental factors in the development of food preferences. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the child’s nutrition during the first year of life.
PREMATURITY AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AS RISK FACTORS FOR NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Zavadenko M. N. , Davydova L. A. 
Published: September 2018

The introduction of modern technologies and the widespread use of intensive care in neonatology have led to an increase in the survival rate of children, who were born deeply premature with a low, very low, and extremely low body weight. The purpose of the study: evaluation of the peculiarities of neuropsychic development and the frequency of occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders by the age of 5-8 years in children, who were born deeply premature with extremely low, very low, and low body weight in comparison with healthy peers. We examined 122 patients aged from 5 years 0 months to 8 years 0 months, 36 were born with very low body weight, 36 with extremely low body weight, 50 with low body weight, and 30 children were included into the control group. To assess the main complaints in patients, a structured questionnaire for parents was used. To study emotional and behavioral disorders in children, T.Achenbach’s structured questionnaire for the parents was used. Results and discussion. Data from the T.Achenbach’s parents’ questionnaire indicated significantly more expressed and pronounced manifestations of isolation, psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, problems of socialization and thinking, attention disorders, problems of behavior and aggressiveness in the examined children. In the groups of the examined patients, compared with peers, were significantly higher scores on the scales of “Internalizing manifestations” and “Externalizing manifestations”. It was shown that profound prematurity and birth with extremely low, very low and low body weight are important predisposing factors for the neurodevelopmental disorders in children: autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental dyspraxia, specific learning difficulties. Early diagnosis of these conditions determines the effectiveness of therapeutic measures with the need of individual approach and comprehensive medical-psychological-pedagogical support.
MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF HEREDITARY DISEASES TREATMENT IN CHILDREN
Authors: Nikolaeva E. A. , Semyachkina A. N. 
Published: September 2018

In recent decades, the progressive development of medical genetics has led to significant advances in the diagnosis and therapy of hereditary pathology. As a result, the attitude of clinicians to hereditary diseases as to fatal and incurable, is gradually changing. Early dietary therapy of phenylketonuria and a number of other diseases provides full medical and social habilitation of children. Cofactor therapy, including a special vitamin therapy, is crucial in the treatment of enzymopathiessuch as: lack of biotinidase, homocystinuria, etc. Levocarnitine therapy shows high efficiency in a number of organic acidemias. A breakthrough in the treatment of lysosomal diseases should be considered the development of enzyme-substituting and substrate-reducing drugs. Further improvement of the effectiveness of hereditary diseases treatment seems to be associated with the introduction of gene therapy methods.
CHOLELITHIASIS IN INFANTS – CONSERVATIVE OR SURGICAL TREATMENT?
Authors: Lupash N. G. , Shakaryan K. A. , Matalayeva S. Yu. , Kharitonova L. A. 
Published: September 2018

The aim of the research: to optimize the treatment strategy of cholelithiasis in infants by studying the conservative therapy and surgical treatment effectiveness.Children with cholelithiasis were divided into three groups: 60 children received conservative treatment; 14 children were not treated; 22 children underwent cholecystectomy. Conservative treatment was carried out by administration of Ursofalk suspension (Dr. Falk Farma, Germany) on the daily dose basis – 20 mg/kg of body weight per day once a day – at bedtime. Duration of litholysis ranged from 6 to 24 months. The therapeutic effect was controlled every 3 months by ultrasound examination of the bile ducts and biochemical analysis of blood serum.Results. Contractile function of the gallbladder normalized after 6 months, biochemical markers of cholestasis after 3 weeks, lipidogram by the end of the second year of conservative treatment. All children tolerated therapy well. No side effects were found. No spontaneous dissolution of gallstones was observed in 14 children who did not receive litholytic therapy. In 22 children, who underwent surgery, morphological changes in the gallbladder wall were reversible, but most of them formed post-cholecystectomy syndrome. In view of the aforesaid, conservative therapy should be considered the priority method of cholelithiasis treatment in children under 3 years of age. Surgical treatment should be performed only according to vital indications.
A GRAPHIC TOOL FOR ESTIMATION OF THE AREA OF BURNS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Akimenkov A. M. , Budkevich L. I. , Dolotova D. D. , Kobrinskii B. A. , Matveev N. V. , Schurova L. V. 
Published: September 2018

The severity of burns depends both on their size and depth of affected tissues. The existing simple methods for estimation of the injured skin area are not precise, especially in children. During last decades, attempts were made to employ information technologies for more precise estimation of the skin area affected by the burn. Usually, a special template («skitsa») is used to represent a human body in a schematic way, allowing automatic calculation of affected area with high accuracy. It is especially important in children, since proportions of their bodies vary greatly at different ages.A computer graphic tool for estimation of area of burns was designed for the Department of Pediatric Burns. It uses an algorithm that allows to adjust burn data displayed on a two-dimensional template, taking into account the three-dimensional nature of the human body. Such correction increases burn area estimation accuracy. Additionally, this system allows using digital photographs of burn area for dynamic assessment of skin condition during treatment. A special algorithm is used to compensate for possible color distortions of the photographs in series, enabling better possibility of patient’s skin condition comparison at different times.
Provision of medicinal products to children with orphan diseases in the Rostov region
Authors: Kosiakova N. V. 
Published: September 2018

Provision of medicinal productsto children with orphan diseasesis an urgent problem, because itssolution involves medical and social issues. The aim of this work was to study the social and economic aspects of provision of medicinal products to children with orphan diseases in the Rostov region.In the regional segment of the Federal Register of patients with orphan diseases, patients under the age of 18 years represent over 65% (rate of increase 76.6%), one in two patients has a disability. Structure of nosological forms of orphan diseases of patients under the age of 18 years has been determined. An analysis of the cost of pathogenetic therapy of patients with orphan diseases allowed to establish the top-5 most financially costly nosologies. Given the peculiarity of pathogenetic therapy of orphan disease and special conditions of the administration of medicines, the need for redistribution of financing aid and additional attraction of CHI funds has been shown. It has been established that orphan diseases may not be included in the clinical and statistical groups together with other nosologies, not related to the orphan ones. When determining the estimated cost of medical care and medicinal therapy, it is necessary to form independent clinical and statistical groups for each orphan disease and develop indicators, characterizing clinical resources. Discussed the need for the social adaptation of children with orphan diseases.
Keinotekoiset kommentit?
Authors: Sihvonen Tanja , Lehti Lotta 
Published: September 2018

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan sosiaalista mediaa itseilmaisullisen retoriikan ja erityisesti astroturffaukseksi nimetyn ilmiön kautta. Itseilmaisut ovat yksilön subjektiivista näkökulmaa edustavia, arvottavia mediasisältöjä eli kuvia, tekstejä ja videoita, joilla sekä ilmaistaan oma kanta että pyritään vaikuttamaan muiden mielipiteisiin. Astroturffauksen määrittelemme organisaatiolähtöiseksi, tietoisesti ja harhauttamalla vaikuttamaan pyrkiväksi digitaaliseksi viestinnäksi, jota toteuttavat ruohonjuuritason mediakäyttäjät tai sellaisina esiintyvät henkilöt.
Artikkelin keskiössä on kysymys siitä, miten itseilmailullinen retoriikka ja sen toteutumista tukevat sosiaalisen median käytännöt voidaan valjastaa astroturffauksen tarkoitusperiä varten. Tarkastelemme artikkelissa astroturffausta teorialähtöisesti mutta myös keskustelupalstoilta, Twitteristä, Instagramista ja YouTubesta kerättyjen esimerkkien kautta kysyen, millaisesta vaikuttamisesta siinä on kyse, miten sen tunnistaa ja miten siihen voi varautua. Vertailemme astroturffausta sitä lähellä oleviin ilmiöihin, kuten työntekijälähettilyyteen, trollaukseen, vaikuttajaviestintään ja spämmiviesteihin. Keskeisin argumenttimme on, että astroturffaus on monitahoinen ilmiö, jonka tunnistaminen vaatii pitkälle kehittyneitä mediataitoja.
Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Learning Content Development System Pokok Bahasan Pola Bilangan SMP
Authors: Ula Iin Rahmatul , Fadila Abi 
Published: September 2018

This study aims to produce instructional materials in the form of electronic module based learning content development system on the matter of pattern number. This research method is Research and Development (R & D) based on ADDIE model. Assessment of material experts on the learning media is included in the category of "Valid" with an average value of 3.46. The media expert's assessment of this e-module is included in the "Valid" category with an average grade of 3.66. The linguist's assessment of this medium is included in the "Valid" category with an average grade of 3.6. In a small-scale trial followed by 10 students of class VII obtained an average score of 3.65 based on the results of a response questionnaire that has been filled by the learner, this result puts the e-module on the criteria "Very Interesting". In large-scale field trials followed by 30 students, the average score of attractiveness obtained was 3.55 on the criteria "Very interesting".
Shaken Baby Syndrome. Case Report
Authors: Iov Tatiana , David Sofia , Damian Simona , Knieling A. , Diac Mădălina Maria , Tabian D. , Bulgaru-Iliescu Diana 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Recognition of abuse and the treatment of child victims are recent concepts in the history of mankind. Increasing the awareness of the need to treat and prevent such abuse is a characteristic of modern society. The beaten child syndrome was described by Ambroise Tardieu in 1860, and Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) was clearly illustrated in medical literature a century later by Caffey in 1972. The definition of SBS is based on the association of major intracranial lesions with minimal external lesions and the diagnosis is still difficult to establish. The authors describe a reduced number of 7 cases of pediatric patients addressed for forensic expertise and where suspicion of SBS has arisen. The lesion mechanisms involved in the production of this syndrome are still controversial and are sources of frequent debates in legal medicine. These uncertainties can make legal punishment inoperable. The therapeutic management of these children in neurosurgery is not subject to international consensus, and discrepancies between different clinics impede a comparative cohort assessment. However, SBS is a major public health problem due to severe neurological injuries caused to child victims during brain development.
Parasagittal Meningioma Surgery
Authors: ElBadry Ashraf , Abdelazeez Azza 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background: meningioma in parasagittal location represent between 20%-30% of meningioma in the cranial cavity. The close relation of it with Superior Sagittal Sinus make its surgical resection is a great challenge to the surgeon to get a good result. Patients & method: we collected 23 cases of Parasagittal Meningioma cases medical records (including pre-& postoperative clinical pictures, images plus operative details and complications post operatively) who admitted to neurosurgery dept., Mansoura University Hospital and underwent surgical resection in the period that began in 2010 and ended in 2016. We followed up the cases at least for 6 months. Results: the patient’s age varied between 64-35 years. 16 female & 7 males. The presenting symptoms was headache (11 patients), fits (6 patients), motor weakness (5 cases), abnormal gait (1 patient) and dizziness (1 case). 15 cases had gross total tumor excision while 8 cases showed partial tumor removal. Recurrence rat was in 4 cases (17.4%) plus two mortality cases. Conclusion: through our series we could detect cardinal factors in prognosis of these cases which included: tumor size, histology, preoperative identification of the venous collateral and preservation of it in the surgical maneuver. The meticulous microscopic surgical technique can augment this goal.
Biomarkers of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Current Update
Authors: Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Agrawal Amit 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (G.B.M.) represents one of the commonest intracranial tumor associated with very poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in genomics and microneurosurgical techniques, chemotherapy regimens, radiation technology but despite of these mortality and morbidity still remains unacceptable very high. Various markers are utilized to stratify into different category in a desperate attempt to find out suitable therapeutic regimen to promote improved neurological outcome. Authors briefly reviews various biomarkers and utility in management of GBM.
Tinnitus After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Overview
Authors: Reddy B. Ushasree , Pal Ranabir , Ghosh Amrita , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Reddy Vishnu Vardhan , Agrawal Amit 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Tinnitus is a frequent clinical feature encountered during follow up of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can be incapacitating in the long run. Literature suggests that post-TBI carries a higher psychological burden than tinnitus patients presenting with other non-traumatic or unknown etiologic. Posttraumatic tinnitus is of longer duration, frequently associated with hyperacousis and occurs in younger age group. If the symptoms are severe post-traumatic tinnitus can affect quality of life of the patients. The management of these patients needs detail evaluation and comprehensive rehabilitation plan.