bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predatory Threat of Introduced Yellow Perch in a Salmonid-Dominated Reservoir Food Web
Authors: Hansen Adam G. , Thompson Jedidiah S. , Hargis Lauren N. , Brauch Daniel , Johnson Brett M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Unauthorized or unanticipated introductions of sport fish can threaten native species and expose existing fisheries to unnecessary risk. Although introductions of apex predators draw more attention, introductions of coolwater mesopredators like Yellow Perch Perca flavescens could also be problematic yet are poorly studied. Here, we quantified the seasonal and size-dependent diet and distribution of introduced Yellow Perch and evaluated their direct effects on age-0 kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka in a 3,793-ha mesotrophic reservoir during 2016, 15 years after the initial discovery of Yellow Perch. We compared these effects to those of Brown Trout Salmo trutta, which have been present in the reservoir since it was formed. Spatial overlap between kokanee and Yellow Perch occurred for less than 7 d during April and was confined to the inlet region as fry stocked upstream entered the reservoir. Predation from Brown Trout was 39-fold greater than predation by Yellow Perch during this time. After fry funneled through the inlet, minimal spatial overlap was observed seasonally between Yellow Perch and age-0 kokanee, particularly during summer, when a thermal refuge formed. Furthermore, age-0 kokanee outgrew 58% of piscivorous-sized Yellow Perch by June and outgrew 95% by October. Although age-0 kokanee were more morphologically vulnerable to Brown Trout throughout the year, Brown Trout occupied nearshore areas away from pelagic kokanee. Yellow Perch exhibited a similar trophic role as Brown Trout by consuming mostly invertebrates (95.8% and 88.1%, respectively). The diet of each species contained over 25% Daphnia, but we saw no evidence that planktivory by Yellow Perch affected the abundance of Daphnia available to kokanee. Peak Daphnia densities in June 2016 (23.9–39.0 individuals/L) were the same as or higher than those recorded during 1993–2000, before Yellow Perch were discovered. Our study represents one of few in-depth evaluations of introduced Yellow Perch in a montane reservoir. More empirical evaluations of the effects of introduced mesopredators are needed for refining risk assessments and guiding appropriate management actions.
Discovery of Grass Carp Larvae in the Colorado River Arm of Lake Powell
Authors: Brandenburg W. Howard , Francis Travis A. , Snyder Darrel E. , Bestgen Kevin R. , Hines Brian A. , Wilson Wade D. , Bohn Sandra , Harrison Alexis S. , Clark Barkalow Stephani L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella stocking in the upper Colorado River basin is statutorily limited to triploid, i.e., functionally sterile, individuals. Systematic fish sampling in the upper Colorado River basin indicates adult Grass Carp remain rare but have been increasing in abundance since 2007. Grass Carp larvae collected in the Colorado River arm of Lake Powell, about 26 km downstream from the inflow, in 2015 and 2016, are evidence of the presence of a spawning population. These larvae were the first documentation of Grass Carp spawning in a river basin of the western United States. While Grass Carp reproductive biology suggests spawning occurred in the Colorado River or its tributaries upstream from Lake Powell, the sample location, age, and number of larvae collected pose the possibility of reservoir spawning. Addition of another, reproductively viable, nonnative, fish species to the already heavily invaded upper Colorado River basin could further impact conservation of the federally endangered native fishes.
Securing light clients in blockchain with DLCP
Authors: da Costa Leonardo , Neto André , Pinheiro Billy , Cordeiro Weverton , Araújo Roberto , Abelém Antônio 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn blockchain, full nodes (FNs) are peers that store and verify entire chains of transactions. In contrast, light clients (LCs) are those with limited resources, and for this reason, they request only block headers from FNs for transaction verification—using protocols like Simple Payment Verification (SPV). In an approach to prevent FN tampering on transaction verification (byzantine fault), LCs request block headers from multiple FNs and compare received responses. One problem with this approach is that an LC must connect to each FN and perform the same cryptographic operations with each one repeatedly, which leads to client‐side complexity and slower response. We propose an alternate approach to tackle this issue, in which LCs can encrypt a request for block headers only once, and send that request to a predetermined set of FNs to access, process, and reply back in a single response. Our approach, called Distributed Lightweight Client Protocol (DLCP), enables LCs to verify with little effort if FNs have agreed on a response. From an experimental evaluation, we observed that DLCP provided lower latency and reduced computing and communication overhead in comparison with the existing conventional approach.
Improving video QoE with IP over ICN
Authors: Doumanis Ioannis , Phinikarides Alexander , Xylomenos George , Porter Stuart C.M. , Georgiades Michael 
Published: December 2018

SummaryInformation‐centric networking (ICN) has long been advocating for radical changes to the Internet, but the upgrade challenges that these entail have hindered its adoption. To break this loop, the POINT project proposed a hybrid, IP‐over‐ICN, architecture: IP networks are preserved at the edge, connected to each other over an ICN core. This exploits the key benefits of ICN, enabling individual network operators to improve the performance of their IP‐based services, without changing the rest of the Internet. This paper first provides an overview of POINT and outlines how it can improve upon IP in terms of performance and resilience. It then describes a trial of the POINT prototype in a production network, where real users operated actual IP‐based applications. As part of the trial, we carried out experiments to evaluate the quality of experience (QoE) for video services offered via either HLS or IPTV, using either IP or POINT as a substrate. The results from the trial verify that the IP‐over‐ICN approach of POINT offers enhanced QoE to the users of these video services, compared with traditional IP, especially under exceptional network conditions.
Obstacle identification using the TRAC algorithm with a second‐order ABC
Authors: Levin Tomer , Turkel Eli , Givoli Dan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWe consider obstacle identification using wave propagation. In such problems, one wants to find the location, shape, and size of an unknown obstacle from given measurements. We propose an algorithm for the identification task based on a time‐reversed absorbing condition (TRAC) technique. Here, we apply the TRAC method to time‐dependent linear acoustics, although our methodology can be applied to other wave‐related problems as well, such as elastodynamics. There are two main contributions of our identification algorithm. The first contribution is the development of a robust and effective method for obstacle identification. While the original paper presented criteria for accepting or rejecting regions that enclose the obstacle, we use these criteria to develop an algorithm that automatically identifies the location of the obstacle. The second contribution is the utilization of an improved absorbing boundary condition (ABC) for the identification. We use the second‐order Engquist‐Majda ABC, and we implement it with a finite element scheme. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the second‐order Engquist‐Majda ABC is employed with the finite element method, as this boundary condition does not naturally fit in finite element schemes in its original form. Numerical experiments for the algorithms are presented.
Modeling polycrystalline materials with elongated grains
Authors: Pérez Irvin , Muniz de Farias Márcio , Castro Manuel , Roselló Roberto , Recarey Morfa Carlos , Medina Liosber , Oñate E. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryA novel algorithm to reproduce the arrangement of grains in polycrystalline materials was recently published by the authors. In this original approach, a dense package of circles (or spheres) with the same distribution as the grains is generated to produce a set of Voronoi cells that are later modified to Laguerre cells representing the original structure. This algorithm was successfully applied to materials with somewhat equidimensional grains; however, it fails for long‐shaped grains. In this paper, modifications are provided in order to overcome these drawbacks. This is accomplished by moving each vertex of the Voronoi cells in such a way that the vertex should be equidistant from the particles with respect to the Euclidean distance. The algorithm is applied to packages of ellipses and spherocylinders in 2D. An example for a package of spheres is also provided to illustrate the application for a simple 3D case. The adherence between the generated packages and the corresponding tessellations is verified by means of the Jaccard coefficient (J). Several packages are generated randomly and the distribution of J coefficients is investigated. The obtained values satisfy the theoretical restraints and the quality of the proposed algorithm is statistically validated.
High Spatial Resolution MALDI‐MS Imaging in the Study of Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Smith Andrew , L'Imperio Vincenzo , Denti Vanna , Mazza Mariafrancesca , Ivanova Mariia , Stella Martina , Piga Isabella , Chinello Clizia , Ajello Elena , Pieruzzi Federico , Pagni Fabio , Magni Fulvio 
Published: December 2018

PurposeMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) technology has advanced rapidly during recent years with the development of instruments equipped with low‐diameter lasers that are suitable for high spatial resolution imaging. This may provide significant advantages in certain fields of molecular pathology where more specific protein fingerprints of individual cell types are required, such as renal pathology.Experimental designHere MALDI‐MSI analysis of a cohort of membranous nephropathy (MN) patients is performed among which patients either responded favorably (R; n = 6), or unfavorably (NR; n = 4), to immunosuppressive treatment (Ponticelli Regimen), employing a 10 µm laser spot diameter.ResultsSpecific tryptic peptide profiles of the different cellular regions within the glomerulus can be generated, similarly for the epithelial cells belonging to the proximal and distal tubules. Conversely, specific glomerular and sub‐glomerular profiles cannot be obtained while using the pixel size performed in previous studies (50 µm). Furthermore, two proteins are highlighted, sonic hedgehog and α‐smooth muscle actin, whose signal intensity and spatial localization within the sub‐glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments differ between treatment responders and non‐responders.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe present study exemplifies the advantage of using high spatial resolution MALDI‐MSI for the study of MN and highlights that such findings have the potential to provide complementary support in the routine prognostic assessment of MN patients.
A theoretical investigation on the structures of (NH3)·(H2SO4)·(H2O)0‐14 clusters
Authors: Xu Zhen‐Zhen , Fan Hong‐Jun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTernary clusters (NH3)·(H2SO4)·(H2O)n have been widely studied. However, the structures and binding energies of relatively larger cluster (n > 6) remain unclear, which hinders the study of other interesting properties. Ternary clusters of (NH3)·(H2SO4)·(H2O)n, n = 0‐14, were investigated using MD simulations and quantum chemical calculations. For n = 1, a proton was transferred from H2SO4 to NH3. For n = 10, both protons of H2SO4 were transferred to NH3 and H2O, respectively. The NH4+ and HSO4− formed a contact ion‐pair [NH4+‐HSO4−] for n = 1‐6 and a solvent separated ion‐pair [NH4+‐H2O‐HSO4−] for n = 7‐9. Therefore, we observed two obvious transitions from neutral to single protonation (from H2SO4 to NH3) to double protonation (from H2SO4 to NH3 and H2O) with increasing n. In general, the structures with single protonation and solvated ion‐pair were higher in entropy than those with double protonation and contact ion‐pair of single protonation and were thus preferred at higher temperature. As a result, the inversion between single and double protonated clusters was postponed until n = 12 according to the average binding Gibbs free energy at the normal condition. These results can serve as a good start point for studies of the other properties of these clusters and as a model for the solvation of the [H2SO4‐NH3] complex in bulk water.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Methylene‐Bridged Bisamide via Selectfluor‐Mediated Oxidative Methylenation
Authors: Yan Min , Zhou Dongheng , Gao Yejun , Ma Yongmin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA direct methylenation of amides to afford methylene‐bridged bisamides mediated by Selectfluor in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was achieved. DMSO plays a dual role in this reaction, as both solvent and a methylene source. The developed protocol avoids the use of transition metal catalysts and the reaction is efficient, operationally convenient and tolerable in air and water.
DFT Study on the Structures and Stability of BenSnn (n=1 – 5) and Be2nSnn (n=1 – 4) Clusters.
Authors: Fioressi Silvina E. , Duchowicz Pablo , Bacelo Daniel E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe equilibrium geometries and stabilities of bimetallic BenSnn (n=1 – 5) and Be2nSnn (n=1 – 4) clusters were investigated through DFT calculations. Cluster geometries were optimized using DFT Monte Carlo simulated annealing and the energies ordered via single‐point Quadratic Configuration Interaction (QCISD(T)) calculations evaluated at the optimized B3LYP geometries. Tridimensional highly symmetric structures were generally found as the most stable ones. They have much more in common with the beryllium silicides and germanides than with the carbides. In the larger clusters, a trend to form beryllium sub‐structures capped by tin atoms was observed. The bonding between Be and Sn is largely covalent in character, which suggests that there exist the possibility of obtaining larger structures with novel properties and potential for the development of new materials.
A DFT Study of Disperse Yellow 119 Degradation Mechanism by Hydroxyl Radical Attack
Authors: Wahab Olaide O. , Olasunkanmi Lukman O. , Govender Krishna K. , Govender Penny P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious experimental studies had proposed two possible mechanisms, that is, N‐N or C‐N bond cleavage, for azo dye degradation. However, the relative feasibility of these mechanisms based on their energetics has not been properly explored. In this work, the mechanisms of azo dye degradation by hydroxyl (•OH) radical were investigated theoretically for disperse yellow 119 (DY119) dye using density functional theory (DFT) method. This was done with the view to provide useful theoretical insights on photodegradation mechanism of azopyridone dyes. The role of hydrogen bonding on the mechanism was investigated, and the possibility of nitrogen evolution during the process was also examined. Potential energy profiles (PEPs) for the two possible mechanisms were predicted at VWN‐BP/DNP level of theory. Local reactivity indices and energy parameters revealed that the C–N bond cleavage mechanism is preferred to the N‐N cleavage for the photodegradation of DY119. Removal of one intramolecular hydrogen bond from DY119 structure enhanced both the C–N and N–N bond cleavages, but with greater effect on C–N. Loss of nitrogen molecule via the C–N bond cleavage was predicted to be highly spontaneous.
Research on Oil Displaced Effect of Multi‐Component Pore‐Throat Emulsion System
Authors: Zhang Chengli , Wang Peng , Song Guoliang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe core displacement experiment is designed to simulate the emulsification process of crude oil in reservoir, and a multi‐component pore‐throat emulsion system (0.8% hexadecane fluorinated betaine (CFN) + 0.4% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) + 1.2% monodisperse partially hydrophobic silanized SiO2 solution (particle diameter of 25 nm) + 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl)), system 1, was developed. By comparing this system with the other emulsion systems, the stability and comprehensive performance of this system were evaluated. The results showed that the water evolution rate of emulsion system 1 was the smallest, 46.3%, which indicated that the stability of system 1 was the best, and the synergistic ability of emulsifiers CFN and SDBS was effective. After alkylation, nano‐sized SiO2 particles are turned into a special structure of hemispheric hydrophobic and hemispheric hydrophilic. They are closely adsorbed on oil‐water interface, which can inhibit the aggregation between emulsion drops and enhance the stability of emulsion. The micro particle size of emulsion was observed using inverted biological microscope, and it was found that the range of system 1 was the smallest. And microscopically or macroscopically, the properties such as the average diameter of the droplet, separation coefficient, effective share of the droplet, emulsion strength and stability comprehensive coefficient, were dominant. Therefore, the performance of system 1 was well. The displacement effect of emulsion flooding and change of fluid production in each layer under different permeability contrast were researched by three‐tube parallel core displacement experiment. It was found that oil displacement effect of system 1 was the best, the greater the coefficient of permeability variation, the greater decline of liquid production in the high permeability reservoir, and the greater increase of liquid production in the middle and low permeability reservoir. The new emulsion flooding system provides a new idea for the development of heterogeneous reservoirs.
Reactions in Water – A Greener Approach Using Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Shome Sanchari , Singh Surya Prakash 
Published: December 2018

AbstractReactions using transition metals as catalysts have emerged as an efficient method in the recent times. However, the selection of solvent plays a crucial role in this regard. Several solvents used traditionally suffer majorly with problems of toxicity; high boiling point etc. leading to drastic reaction conditions. Water being a non‐toxic, non‐inflammable and environmentally benign can replace the hazardous organic solvents in laboratory as well as industry. Maintaining a minimum catalyst loading percentage we can advantageously avail high levels of selectivity. Water was found to be a good solvent medium for several metal catalysed reactions. An intramolecular deprotonation mechanism is followed by the ruthenium (II) catalysts in water; thereby, facilitating the catalytic action of the metal. These studies can help the industrial chemists to utilize water as a solvent for their reactions towards improvement of their waste management procedure. This review mainly focuses on the several recent developments in the above direction.
Variation in outcome reporting in randomized controlled trials of interventions for prevention and treatment of fetal growth restriction
Authors: Townsend R. , Sileo F. , Stocker L. , Kumbay H. , Healy P. , Gordijn S. , Ganzevoort W. , Beune I. , Baschat A. , Kenny L. , Bloomfield F. , Daly M. , Devane D. , Papageorghiou A. , Khalil A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough fetal growth restriction (FGR) is well known to be associated with adverse outcomes for the mother and offspring, effective interventions for the management of FGR are yet to be established. Trials reporting interventions for the prevention and treatment of FGR may be limited by heterogeneity in the underlying pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing interventions for the prevention or treatment of FGR, in order to identify and categorize the variation in outcome reporting.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception until August 2018 for RCTs investigating therapies for the prevention and treatment of FGR. Studies were assessed systematically and data on outcomes that were reported in the included studies were extracted and categorized. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Jadad score.ResultsThe search identified 2609 citations, of which 153 were selected for full‐text review and 72 studies (68 trials) were included in the final analysis. There were 44 trials relating to the prevention of FGR and 24 trials investigating interventions for the treatment of FGR. The mean Jadad score of all studies was 3.07, and only nine of them received a score of 5. We identified 238 outcomes across the included studies. The most commonly reported were birth weight (88.2%), gestational age at birth (72.1%) and small‐for‐gestational age (67.6%). Few studies reported on any measure of neonatal morbidity (27.9%), while adverse effects of the interventions were reported in only 17.6% of trials.ConclusionsThere is significant variation in outcome reporting across RCTs of therapies for the prevention and treatment of FGR. The clinical applicability of future research would be enhanced by the development of a core outcome set for use in future trials. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Prognostic Factors of Pathological N1 Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer After Curative Resection Without Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Moon Youngkyu , Sung Sook Whan , Park Jae Kil , Lee Kyo Young , Ahn Seha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with pathological N1 non‐small cell lung cancer who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. We attempted to identify those patients for whom adjuvant chemotherapy would be indispensable.MethodsAmong 132 patients who were diagnosed with pathological N1 lung cancer at a single institution from January 2010 to December 2016 were 32 patients who did not receive adjuvant treatment after curative surgical resection. The surgical and oncological outcomes of these patients were analyzed. Candidate factors for predicting recurrence were analyzed to identify patients at high risk of recurrence.ResultsThe median follow‐up time for all 32 patients was 1044 days. The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and disease‐specific survival rates of the patients without adjuvant therapy were 50.3% and 77.6%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, tumors with a lepidic growth pattern [hazard ratio (HR) 0.119, p = 0.024] and extralobar lymph node metastasis (HR 6.848, p = 0.015) were significant factors predicting recurrence. The difference between the 5‐year RFS rates of patients with tumors with or without a lepidic growth pattern was statistically significant (63.5% vs 40.0%, respectively; p = 0.050). The 5‐year RFS rates of patients with intralobar lymph node metastasis versus those with extralobar lymph node metastasis were 63.3% and 18.8%, respectively (p = 0.002).ConclusionsPatients with tumors without a lepidic growth pattern or with extralobar lymph node metastasis who do not receive adjuvant chemotherapy have a high recurrence rate after surgery. Therefore, these patients should be encouraged to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy if their overall condition is not a contraindication for chemotherapy.
Incidence and etiology of fever following seasonal influenza vaccination in hospitalized patients
Authors: Foong Kap Sum , Casabar Ed , Warren David K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective cohort to examine the incidence and etiology of fever postinfluenza vaccination among hospitalized patients during the 2015–2016 influenza season. Fever occurred in 63 (1.5%) of 4,185 vaccinated patients. Medical patients had fever predominantly associated with concurrent infections; surgical patients had fever explained by noninfectious etiologies.