bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Measure Evapotranspiration in Landscape-Ecological Studies? Overview of Concepts and Methods
Authors: Pohanková Tereza , Vyvlečka Pavel , Pechanec Vilém 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the hydrological cycle, encompassing evaporation processes from soil and water surfaces and plant transpiration (Sun et al., 2017). Accurate estimation of ET is vital for effective water resource management, agricultural planning, and environmental monitoring (Gowda et al., 2008). However, the complex interactions between land surface conditions, vegetation, and atmospheric factors make direct measurement of ET challenging, leading to the development of various estimation methods. Remote sensing has become a widely used approach for estimating ET over large areas because it provides spatially comprehensive data (Xiao et al., 2024). Methods like the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land and the Surface Energy Balance System utilise satellite-derived thermal imagery and meteorological inputs to calculate ET by analysing the energy exchanges between the land surface and the atmosphere. These methods are advantageous for their broad spatial coverage, making them particularly useful for regional to global scale studies. However, they require careful calibration and validation, and their accuracy can be affected by the spatial resolution of the satellite data and the quality of meteorological inputs. In addition to remote sensing, several other ET estimation methods are commonly employed.
The Penman-Monteith equation is one of the most widely accepted methods, integrating meteorological data—such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation— with biophysical properties of vegetation to estimate ET. This method has been validated extensively, making it a standard reference in ET studies. Empirical methods like the Hargreaves-Samani equation provide simpler alternatives that require fewer data inputs, making them suitable for regions with limited meteorological information but with a trade-off in accuracy. Direct measurement techniques offer highly accurate ET data, including lysimeters and eddy covariance systems. Lysimeters measure water loss directly from a soil column, while eddy covariance systems assess the exchange of water vapour and energy between the surface and the atmosphere. Despite their precision, these methods are limited by high costs, maintenance requirements, and their applicability to small-scale, homogeneous areas (Howell, 2005). Choosing the appropriate ET estimation method depends on the scale of the study, data availability, and the specific application. Remote sensing and models like Penman-Monteith offer scalability and broad applicability, while direct measurements provide precise data at localised scales. Integrating these methods can improve the reliability of ET estimates, enhance water resource management, and aid in climate adaptation efforts.
Assessing Landscape Fragmentation Dynamics with Fourier Transforms
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Dong Pinliang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quantifying landscape fragmentation is crucial for understanding its impact on biodiversity. Within landscape ecology, there is an ongoing effort to create metrics that systematically characterize landscape patterns and predict their effects on various species. In this study, we utilized Fourier transforms to measure landscape fragmentation in urban and heterogeneous landscapes over periods of 24 and 12 years, respectively. Analyzing Landsat images from 1986, 1999, and 2010, we focused on the first principal component (PC1) to evaluate changes in fragmentation over time. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in fragmentation in urban areas from 1986 to 2010, with a particularly noticeable rise between 1999 and 2010. Specifically, the average Fourier spectrum decreased slightly from 16.0 to 15.9 throughout the study period, indicating increased fragmentation at both urban and landscape levels. The sensitivity analysis further showed that removing 6,000 cells from the original image caused the mean Fourier spectrum to drop from 16.0 to 15.5, demonstrating the method’s effectiveness in detecting subtle land cover changes. Our findings demonstrated that Fourier analysis effectively detects subtle landscape changes, particularly in larger study areas and over longer time intervals. However, it lacks detailed information on specific types or quantities of altered land cover. To address this limitation, integrating Fourier analysis with land cover classification datasets could enhance understanding of landscape dynamics and support more informed conservation and management decisions.
Balancing Requirements between the PSO and the Infrastructure Manager
Authors: Petr Nachtigall , Jan Sodoma , Jozef Gašparík 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The sustainability of rail transport is a highly debated topic. Historically, there has always been strong political support to maintain even lightly used regional lines in operation. However, the economic situation and increasing demands for rail safety have introduced new challenges, including the fundamental question of whether to continue operating a line or discontinue it. So far, no simple solution has been applied across the board. Nevertheless, there are already some Public Service Obligations (PSOs) planning for the next 10 to 15 years, putting pressure on the infrastructure manager to implement measures that guarantee a specific system travel time on the line. If these expectations are not met, they may consider shifting transport services to alternative modes of transport in the medium term. One such region facing this challenge is the Hradec Králové Region, where a thesis was developed to analyze the regional route Doudleby nad Orlicí - Rokytnice v Orlických horách. The study focuses on the technological requirements for achieving the necessary system travel time, which is also the primary goal of this paper.
Use of Simulation for the Design of an Operational Concept on a Regional Line
Authors: Erik Tischer , Jaromír Široký , Norbert Mondek , Michaela Krbálková , Radoslav Zelinka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper focuses on the design of an operational concept for the Nymburk–Jičín regional line and its simulation using OpenTrack software, both under the current infrastructure conditions and with anticipated modernization, particularly in the area of security system. It includes an analysis of the current state of the line, the development of several operational concepts, their simulation, and proposed changes necessary for effective implementation. The model setup covers individual elements on the track, stations and interstation sections, including the creation of train routes and timetables. The outcome is a proposal for multiple operational concepts and associated measures for their implementation. The final chapter of the paper deals with proposals for measures that are necessary or suitable for the successful implementation of individual concepts.
Comparison of the real-world safety of two different long-acting methylphenidate formulations (Medikinet® MR and Concerta®) – a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Ørnberg Jakob , Mayer Anke , Dangel Oliver , Ammer Richard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Medikinet® MR and Concerta® are long-acting methylphenidate formulations used for the treatment of pediatric and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The two formulations have shown comparable safety profiles in two head-to-head randomized controlled trials. However, real-world studies comparing the safety profiles of these products are not available.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the real-world safety of Medikinet® MR and Concerta® using register data.

Method
This population-based cohort study was conducted based on data from Danish registries. The study included patients with continuous long-term (i.e., ≥12 months) exposure to either Medikinet® MR or Concerta® between 1995 and 2018. Outcomes included several selected adverse events of interest. A sensitivity analysis was performed, excluding patients exposed to Concerta® generics. For each outcome, Fisher’s exact test was performed to compare the number of cases between the two groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression models with patients exposed to Concerta® as the reference group.

Results
The study population included 1249 patients exposed to Medikinet® MR and 2455 patients exposed to Concerta®. No cases of cerebral arteritis or priapism were identified in either cohort. ORs for sudden death and anorexia could not be calculated due to the absence of cases in the Medikinet® MR cohort. For the remaining outcomes, no statistically significant difference in risk was found between Medikinet® MR-exposed and Concerta®-exposed patients. The sensitivity analysis produced results consistent with those obtained in the main analysis.

Conclusions
The results of this population-based cohort study indicate that Medikinet® MR and Concerta® have comparable real-world safety profiles.
Sensory white noise in clinical ADHD: Who benefits from noise, and who performs worse?
Authors: Söderlund Göran B W , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Thorsson Max , E-Said Sara , Claesdotter-Knutsson Emma , Gustafsson Peik , Johnels Jakob Åsberg 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Experimental research has shown the benefits of auditory white noise on cognitive performance in children with attention problems. However, little is currently known about individual differences in noise response amongst children with a clinical diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, no research has so far tested the effects of visual white noise on children with ADHD.

Objectives
The present work aimed at testing the effect of visual and auditory white noise on cognitive performance in children diagnosed with ADHD.

Method
Forty-three children with ADHD diagnosis performed a visuo-spatial working memory test with experimentally controlled auditory and visual white noise. Symptomatic and demographic data were collected.

Results
Surprisingly, results did not show significant effects of noise across the full sample of ADHD children. However, responses to noise appeared to affect subgroups of ADHD children differently: Those with relatively more inattentive traits responded positively on noise exposure whereas those with relatively more hyperactive/impulsive traits performed worse during noise exposure. Individual differences in noise response in the auditory and visual modalities were strongly correlated.

Conclusions
It is important to consider individual differences in response to noise exposure, and to take into account the specific ADHD symptom profile (inattentive vs. hyperactive/impulsive) in applying noise to support cognitive performance in children with ADHD.
The children's poetic story about the travels of foreigners in the USSR in the 1920s and 1940s.
Authors: Xu Changchang 
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the genre originality of the Russian (Soviet) children's poetic story of the 1920s-1940s about the travels of foreigners in the USSR, to identify the didactic significance of these works. The article is based on the works of L. Lesnoy, P. Yakovlev, L. Zilov and S. Marshak. There are two types of poetic stories about the journey of foreigners: pilgrimage trips of disadvantaged children from oppressed countries / curious Western children, as well as trips of wealthy Westerners to the USSR. The general genre features of this type of works are analyzed, including information content, specific chronotope, descriptions of the road, the environment, etc. In addition, the unique features of these works are considered: the use of elements of other genres (fairy tales, adventures, travel), an emphasis on solving ideological and semantic tasks. In this work, the topics of internationalism, unity of peoples, racial discrimination, as well as problems related to Soviet ideology, norms of behavior and universal morality are updated. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive approach to both classical and little-studied material, including works by forgotten or lesser-known poets. Among the research methods used in this work, several key approaches are distinguished: comparative, hermeneutical, comparative typological and immanent analysis. With the help of various artistic techniques, such as contrast, detailing, the use of emotionally colored vocabulary, metaphors, repetitions, epithets, the motif of a dream, genre elements of a riddle, a shifter, etc., the complex physical and spiritual path of the characters to the ideal is reproduced, the image of oppressed countries and their inhabitants, as well as the image of ordinary Soviet people and cranks are created-rich people from the West, a wide range of Soviet realities is reflected through a detached look. As a result of the research, it is revealed that the poetic story about the travels of foreigners in the USSR of the 1920s and 1940s has a unique didactic significance: it is not only entertaining and informative for young readers, but also contributes to the creation of a positive understanding of Soviet reality and ideological foundations.
Padronização de material técnico em saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: Tavares Rosa Amélia Durans , Lobato Fernanda do Socorro Carvalho da Silva , Machado Nelma de Jesus Nogueira , Silveira Cinthia Cristina Sousa de Menezes da , Santos Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos 
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Analisar recomendações nacionais a respeito da padronização dos materiais técnicos em saúde Métodos: Neste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, que foi escolhida como método devido ao seu rigor e organização na síntese de resultados de pesquisas anteriores sendo composta pelas seguintes etapas: delimitação da questão problema, estabelecimento dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, coleta de dados, análise de dados e produção dos resultados, sendo utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Acervo+ Index base e mecanismo de busca do Google Acadêmico, seguindo os procedimentos metodológicos, sendo: delimitação dos descritores, busca nas bases de dados, aplicação dos critério de inclusão e exclusão e fichamento dos estudos selecionados que foi o total de 7 estudos selecionados . Resultados: a pesquisa evidencia a relevância da padronização de procedimentos e tecnologias em várias áreas da saúde no sentido de analisar e proporcionar produtos de qualidade que por sua vez refletem positivamente nos serviços de saúde, ademais a padronização de material técnico em saúde não só melhora a qualidade da assistência de saúde, mas também promove a segurança do paciente e a eficiência geral desses serviços. Considerações finais: Pode-se apontar que a padronização dos processos no Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde do hospital é um desafio contínuo, que exige o comprometimento de todos os envolvidos e a constante busca por melhorias e a implementação de medidas para aprimorar este processo tem potencial para garantir a excelência no atendimento de saúde.
Immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 upregulates myc proto-oncogene to accelerate invasion and metastasis of endometrial cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
Authors: Wei Jing , Jiang Jinxiang , Zhang Shuhong , Dong Shuai 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy, and its metastasis is one of the primary causes of treatment failure. Immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 (IGSF1), a membrane protein, has been associated with the aggressiveness and metastatic capability of various cancers. However, the role and mechanism of this protein in EC remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of IGSF1 in EC and its possible mechanism.

Material and Methods:
In this study, IGSF1 expression was knocked down through small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA techniques, and its levels were controlled through overexpression experiments to observe its effects on Ishikawa cells. Wound healing assays, Transwell migration and invasion assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence double labeling were performed to evaluate the ability of cells to migrate, invade, and express markers of the epithelium mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, we investigated the regulatory role of IGSF1 in Myc proto-oncogene (c-Myc) expression and its function in lung metastasis through animal models of lung metastasis.

Results:
The results indicate that IGSF1 knockdown inhibited EMT and greatly reduced the invasion ability of Ishikawa cells (P < 0.01). Animal experiments demonstrated that IGSF1 knockdown reduced the number of pulmonary metastatic foci (P < 0.001). On the other hand, IGSF1 overexpression increased Ishikawa cells’ ability to migrate and invade (P < 0.01). IGSF1 overexpression also inhibited E-cadherin expression and promoted that of vimentin (P < 0.001). The expression of c-Myc decreased following IGSF1 knockdown and increased after its overexpression. Silencing of c-Myc reversed the oncogenic effects of IGSF1 (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
IGSF1 promotes EMT and metastasis in EC through the upregulation of the c-Myc expression. IGSF1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for EC, and its inhibition can offer new strategies for mitigating the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of this malignancy.
Histopathological array of lesions in nephrectomies with emphasis on immunohistochemical expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in renal cell carcinoma – A 5-year experience in South India
Authors: Medidi Radhika , Gaddam Sampoorna , Duvvuri P. Sindhur Rani , Katta Ramya 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
The present study aimed to assess various pathological entities encountered in nephrectomy specimens received in our tertiary care teaching hospital in South India to assess the immunohistochemical expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) in various subtypes of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and to evaluate its usefulness as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in RCCs.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a 5-year retrospective study performed in a teaching hospital. All nephrectomy specimens were routinely fixed, grossed, processed, and sectioned for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemistry for CA IX expression was performed manually in all cases diagnosed as RCCs.

Statistical analysis:
All data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2020, and means and standard deviations were calculated using the same.

Results:
A total of 102 patients were included in the study, with the most common age group being the fifth decade of life and female preponderance. CA IX expression was observed in 100% of clear cell carcinomas, and staining intensity varied with the nuclear grade of the tumor.

Conclusions:
Non-neoplastic lesions were the most common cause of nephrectomy in our study region. Clear cell RCC is associated with the highest expression of CA IX and seems to be associated with lower nuclear grade and lower T stage; hence, it may serve as a prognostic marker for such cases.
Demographic of deep vein thrombosis at a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Akaba Kingsley , Akaba Edakabasi , Godwin Omini 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
This study aims to determine the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Deep vein thrombosis is a spectrum of venous thrombo-embolism, which is due to a complex interplay between genetic and acquired risk factors and the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality. There is an increasing trend in the number of patients with DVT

Materials and methods:
A retrospective study with 5 years of data (2018-2022) obtained from the medical register of the department of haematology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. The data collected were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.

Results:
A total of 13 cases were seen during the 5-years period with male to female ratio of 1:2.2 and a mean age of 45.31 ± 12.45. Most patients were in their 30s and 40s and from and from the Efik tribe.

Conclusion:
This study aims to awaken our consciousness of the increasing epidemiological burden of DVT in our environment and helps to enhance further investigation into the relationship between DVT, genetics, and tribe. Furthermore, establishing a venous thromboembolism multidisciplinary management team is sacrosanct for records and quality management.
New technologies for teaching Russian to a Vietnamese audience
Authors: Petrova S. M. , Thi Thu Hyen Din , Thu Ha Byi 
Published: November 2024

The article considers current issues of education in Vietnam, as well as problems of studying the Russian language and literature in this country. It analyzes the attitude of the Vietnamese to the Russian language in different years. It indicates the influence of Russian literature on the formation and development of Vietnamese national culture and literature. A list of works of Russian literature included in the school and university programs of Vietnam is given. The material of an experimental study of the study of Nikolai Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” in the Vietnamese audience ispresented. By means of questionnaires and conversations, the features of reading and understanding by Vietnamese students in the translated version of this famous work of Russian literature are revealed. The result of the questionnaire of Vietnamese students on the understanding of Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” shows that this work is interesting to them, although difficult to read. Readers experienced certain difficulties associated with the peculiarities of the language and style of the author’s narration, the peculiarities of the era, the specifics of the Russian worldview, etc. The article proposes the author’s methodology for analyzing the Gogol’s “Dead Souls” by NEFU professor S.M. Petrova, using modern technologies for teaching Russian to foreigners. Practical recommendations for conducting classes on studying this work of Russian literature in a Vietnamese audience are presented. It is recommended to get acquainted with the era and personality of the Russian writer, a graphic-symbolic analysis of the artistic text is shown based on the use of practice-oriented traditions in the field of semiotics, mnemonics, ergonomics. Adapted texts of chapters of Gogol’s poem and methodological tasks related to the development of oral coherent speech, expansion of the vocabulary of foreigners, improvement of speaking and storytelling skills are given.
Parents’ assessment of the role of gadgets in raising preschool children
Authors: Yakovleva S. S. , Maximova L. I. 
Published: November 2024

The study of the influence of gadgets on children is a relevant topic that causes a lot of discussion and disagreement among parents, teachers and specialists in the field of child development. Indeed, the use of smartphones and other gadgets can have both pros and cons, and it is important to balance their use to create a healthy and fulfilling child’s life. The content of the article discusses the results of a study of the attitude towards the use of electronic gadgets by preschoolers of parents in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The authors conclude that the appropriate and standardized use of gadgets in combination with other types of activity and communication is important for achieving the harmonious development of a child. Parents and teachers should be aware of children’s use of gadgets, set rules and control screen time to ensure educational and educational effect. The need to study alternative forms of leisure for preschool children to actualize the value of interaction with parents is substantiated.