bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of the association between MHC class I downregulation and PD-L1 upregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Yoo Shin Hye , Keam Bhumsuk , Ock Chan-Young , Kim Sehui , Han Buhm , Kim Ji-Won , Lee Keun-Wook , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Chung Eun-Jae , Kwon Seong Keun , Ahn Soon-Hyun , Sung Myung-Whun , Heo Dae Seog 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A total of 158 patients with HNSCC were evaluated retrospectively. The expression of MHC class I and PD-L1 was analyzed in tumor specimens using immunohistochemistry. The association between MHC class I/PD-L1 expression and clinical outcome was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Among 158 patients, 103 (65.2%) showed positive PD-L1 expression, and 20 (12.7%) showed no detectable expression of MHC class I. The frequency of PD-L1 positive expression with concomitant MHC class I loss was 7.0%. In the PD-L1-positive group, MHC class I loss was associated with a significantly worse survival compared with MHC class I positivity (median overall survival 39.3 months vs. not reached; P = 0.005), whereas MHC class I status provided no prognostic impact in the PD-L1 negative group. Neither PD-L1 nor MHC class I alone showed a significant difference in overall survival. The loss of MHC class I expression in PD-L1-positive HNSCC was associated with a poor clinical outcome. This suggested that MHC class I expression status might be useful for the prognosis of tumor progression in HNSCC when combined with PD-L1 expression status. External validation with enough numbers of participants in such subgroup should be needed for validation.
A Primer to Understanding the Elements of Medical Malpractice
Authors: Hill Gregory Q. , Ryu Robert K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAccording to a 2017 survey of 4,000 physicians across 25 different specialties in the United States, 55% of respondents report having been sued at least once, with nearly half of them having been sued multiple times. In addition, procedural specialists are far more likely to be sued. As a procedural-driven specialty, interventional radiology (IR) practitioners are subject to these statistics. While the focus of all IR practices is providing the highest quality care safely and efficiently, medical errors and complications are unavoidable. Understanding the process of medical malpractice litigation is necessary to develop strategies on how best to avoid and mitigate the hardships of the process.
“Estamos hoy en un siglo / fatal para los discretos”
Authors: Mata Induráin Carlos 
Published: May 2019

Resumen
José Joaquín Benegasi y Luján (1707–1770) es un escritor de la época postbarroca inclinado a la literatura jocoseria cuya producción teatral (una comedia burlesca y cinco piezas breves) continúa modelos dramáticos del Siglo de Oro. En este trabajo, tras ofrecer unas breves notas sobre su fortuna crítica, se aporta una edición anotada de su baile entremesado El ingenio apurado.
Simulation of the Store Separation from Internal Weapons Bay Using M_SST DES Model
Authors: Gong Junfeng , Wang Fang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The internal carriage of stores on an aircraft’s merit is especially importance for attack aircraft. For the safe carriage and separation of stores, it is important to know the flow field environment the store experiences during flight. A CFD investigation was conducted to determine cavity flow characteristics. M-SST DES Method are used as numerical simulate method. Compared with the wind tunnel test results, the open cavity flows are studied. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the wind tunnel test results, thus verifying the credibleness of the M-SST DES Method. As a typical research model, AEDC’s ‘Wing-Pylon-Finned Store’ wind tunnel test model is computed in this paper. Last, this paper investigates the store’s separation characteristic, which is internal carriage on and release from aircraft. Those results are also indicated that the DES method of numerical simulation flow-filed can embody the unsteady aerodynamic random factors of the store separation from internal weapons bay.
Research on Automatic Tool Delivery for CNC Workshop of Aircraft Equipment Manufacturing
Authors: Zeng Ping , Wu Fei , Zhi Tongxing , Xiao Le , Zhu Shaowei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Aiming at the inefficiency of tool distribution in CNC workshop of aircraft equipment manufacturing, and adapting to the particularity of distribution without large network environment, The solution of intelligent tool delivery using AGV based on machine vision and QR Code navigation is proposed. Image processing of AGV path ribbon, path navigation error analysis and QR Code position calibration are studied in the planned path to achieve machine vision plus QR Code redundant navigation positioning. The AGV can complete the accurate loading and unloading tool of the robot library through the QR Code interaction mode with the machine tool. To realize automatic distribution of tool in CNC workshop of aircraft equipment manufacturing.
CFD Simulation of Unsteady Interaction Between Rotor and Fuselage for Canard Rotor Wing in Hovering Using Overset Grids
Authors: Chao Pang , Zhenghong Gao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Different from the traditional helicopter, there would be a severe interaction between rotor and fuselage with canard and horizontal tail during hovering for canard rotor wing (CRW) aircraft. The un-steady RANS (URANS) equations discretized on overset grid are solved in this paper to simulate this kind of aerodynamic interaction. A UH60-A rotor hovering case is used to validate the numerical method. Subsequently, the numerical method is employed on two configurations, i.e., Isolated rotor configuration and Full CRW configuration under numerous collective pitch angle. The force and moment coefficients for different parts with respect to different collective pitch angles are obtained. The result shows that downwash of rotor has a stronger impact on fuselage than canard wing and horizontal tail. Compared with isolated rotor, fuselage with canard wing and horizontal tail has a slight impact on the trust and torque of the rotor in full CRW aircraft configuration.
An Alternative Tuning Scheme for Simple Adaptive Flight Control System
Authors: Orlando C , Esposito A , Alaimo A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The occurrence of system failure or of external disturbances are problem that must be considered in the design of safe flight control systems. Adaptive control schemes show the ability to handle such issues without any a priori knowledge about the fault or disturbance. The main condition for obtaining a stable adaptive controller is the passivity of the plant but most real system do not satisfy this condition. The use of properly defined Parallel Feedforward Compensator (PFC) can allow the augmented system to meet the passivity requirements. An alternative design approach for tuning the PFC and the invariant gains of the Simple Adaptive Controller (SAC) is presented in this work. The tuning procedures is a modification of the PSO and is called Population Decline Swarm Optimization (PDSO) since it takes into account a decline demographic model to speed up the tuning steps. The method is applied to adaptively control the pitch response of an aeroplane during level flight. Tuning results are presented along with flight mechanics simulation taking into account different command laws.
A Static Friction Model for Elastic-plastic Contacting Surfaces Using Statistically Homogenized Technique
Authors: Zheng Xiaoya , Yu yuanfeng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An improved static friction model is developed for elastic-plastic contacting surfaces. Two random variables of asperity height and curvature for Gaussian isotropic contacting surfaces are assumed to govern asperities distribution and they satisfy a joint probability distribution function. Based on the contact parametric representation of the KE model proposed by Kogut and Etsion, the expected macroscopic values of normal stress and shear stress are obtained by using statistically homogenized technique. Then the effect of roughness, the energy of adhesion and material properties on static friction coefficients are studied and the results show similar trend with literatures. A comparison of the present model with the SV friction model proposed by Sista and Vemaganti shows that the adhesion force has a more significant effect for smoother surface and SV model is more suitable for heavily loaded contacts. The static friction coefficient is related to the ratio of hardness to elastic modulus H/E. At the same roughness and normal load, lower H/E leads to lower critical interference ω

c
, higher plasticity index ψ, and smaller static friction coefficient.
Error Compensation for 3D Digital Laser Scanning Data Based on the Surface of Aluminum Coated F-12 Aramid Plain Weave Fabric and a Test of Configuration for Large Balloon
Authors: Shen Yong Zheng , Lin Guo Chang , Tan Hui Feng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The measurement of the configuration parameters for the large balloon is an important content, including volume, surface area and specific size under a certain internal pressure. Non-contact measurement techniques using laser scanning have the advantage of fast acquiring large numbers of points. However, compared to their contact-based counterparts, these techniques are known to be less accurate. Furthermore, this accuracy depends on different parameters such as materials properties, surface texture, product color, etc. The large balloon is made by aluminum coated F-12 aramid plain weave fabric pieces. The digitizing errors for high-speed 3D digital laser scanning data based on the surface of F12 fabric material are analyzed and characterized in this paper. With error characterisation, an empirical model is obtained relating the errors to the influencing factor. Establishing a reasonable test scheme and using the technology of laser scanning, the spatial information of the surface for large balloon can be obtained quickly. The empirical formula is used to compensate for 3D laser scanning data of large balloon. The problem of compensation for 3D laser scanning data for improved test accuracy is addressed. The more accurate parameters of the configuration for large balloon are quickly obtained. This provides a method for the rapid, high-efficiency and high-precision test of configuration for large balloon.
Numerical Investigation on Flow Fields of SVC Nozzle with Bypass Injection
Authors: Shi J W , Wang Z X , Zhou L 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Shock vector control (SVC) is one typical fluidic thrust vectoring technology. It has simple working principle and wide working range, but not high enough vector efficiency. In the paper, a bypass injection concept was proposed on the SVC technology to improve the vector efficiency and vector angle. The flow mechanism of SVC nozzle with bypass injection was investigated numerically after the turbulence model was validated by experimental data. The enhanced performance of SVC nozzle was estimated and the influence of critical affecting parameters, bypass injection angle ( θ.ad.) and bypass injection position (Xj.ad.) on vector performance were studied. Results show that, the vector efficiency was increased from 1.21 °/%-ω to 1.93 °/%-ω by adopting bypass injection, and the vector angle has an increase by about 58.9%. The vector performance increased with the increase of bypass injection angle when induced shock wave did not interacted with the opposite wall. The better vector performance was achieved with the configuration of the bypass injection slot was upstream of secondary injection slot when SPR is less than 1.0. In wide working ranges, a vector angle of 16°-20°, a vector efficiency larger than 2.0 ° / %-ω were obtained while thrust coefficient of a SVC nozzle kept larger than 0.90.
Functional genomics of simian malaria parasites and host–parasite interactions
Authors: Galinski Mary R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo simian malaria parasite species, Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi, cause zoonotic infections in Southeast Asia, and they have therefore gained recognition among scientists and public health officials. Notwithstanding, these species and others including Plasmodium coatneyi have served for decades as sources of knowledge on the biology, genetics and evolution of Plasmodium, and the diverse ramifications and outcomes of malaria in their monkey hosts. Experimental analysis of these species can help to fill gaps in knowledge beyond what may be possible studying the human malaria parasites or rodent parasite species. The genome sequences for these simian malaria parasite species were reported during the last decade, and functional genomics research has since been pursued. Here research on the functional genomics analysis involving these species is summarized and their importance is stressed, particularly for understanding host–parasite interactions, and potentially testing novel interventions. Importantly, while Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax can be studied in small New World monkeys, the simian malaria parasites can be studied more effectively in the larger Old World monkey macaque hosts, which are more closely related to humans. In addition to ex vivo analyses, experimental scenarios can include passage through Anopheline mosquito hosts and longitudinal infections in monkeys to study acute and chronic infections, as well as relapses, all in the context of the in vivo host environment. Such experiments provide opportunities for understanding functional genomic elements that govern host–parasite interactions, immunity and pathogenesis in-depth, addressing hypotheses not possible from in vitro cultures or cross-sectional clinical studies with humans.
PSI-Sigma: a comprehensive splicing-detection method for short-read and long-read RNA-seq analysis
Authors: Lin Kuan-Ting , Krainer Adrian R 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Percent Spliced-In (PSI) values are commonly used to report alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) changes. Previous PSI-detection tools were limited to specific AS events and were evaluated by in silico RNA-seq data. We developed PSI-Sigma, which uses a new PSI index, and we employed actual (non-simulated) RNA-seq data from spliced synthetic genes (RNA Sequins) to benchmark its performance (i.e. precision, recall, false positive rate and correlation) in comparison with three leading tools (rMATS, SUPPA2 and Whippet).

Results
PSI-Sigma outperformed these tools, especially in the case of AS events with multiple alternative exons and intron-retention events. We also briefly evaluated its performance in long-read RNA-seq analysis, by sequencing a mixture of human RNAs and RNA Sequins with nanopore long-read sequencers.

Availability and implementation
PSI-Sigma is implemented is available at https://github.com/wososa/PSI-Sigma.
Variation in Immune Defense Shapes Disease Outcomes in Laboratory and Wild Daphnia
Authors: Stewart Merrill Tara E , Hall Spencer R , Merrill Loren , Cáceres Carla E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Host susceptibility may be critical for the spread of infectious disease, and understanding its basis is a goal of ecological immunology. Here, we employed a series of mechanistic tests to evaluate four factors commonly assumed to influence host susceptibility: parasite exposure, barriers to infection, immune responses, and body size. We tested these factors in an aquatic host–parasite system (Daphnia dentifera and the fungal parasite, Metschnikowia bicuspidata) using both laboratory-reared and field-collected hosts. We found support for each factor as a driver of infection. Elevated parasite exposure, which occurs through consumption of infectious fungal spores, increased a host’s probability of infection. The host’s gut epithelium functioned as a barrier to infection, but in the opposite manner from which we predicted: thinner anterior gut epithelia were more resistant to infectious spores than thick epithelia. This relationship may be mediated by structural attributes associated with epithelial cell height. Fungal spores that breached the host’s gut barrier elicited an intensity-dependent hemocyte response that decreased the probability of infection for some Daphnia. Although larger body sizes were associated with increased levels of spore ingestion, larger hosts also had lower frequencies of parasite attack, less penetrable gut barriers, and stronger hemocyte responses. After investigating which mechanisms underlie host susceptibility, we asked: do these four factors contribute equally or asymmetrically to the outcome of infection? An information-theoretic approach revealed that host immune defenses (barriers and immune responses) played the strongest roles in mediating infection outcomes. These two immunological traits may be valuable metrics for linking host susceptibility to the spread of infectious disease.
Virus-Dependent and -Independent Responses of Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) Feeding on Wheat Infected by Transmitted and Nontransmitted Viruses at Transcriptomic Level
Authors: Li Dandan , Su Dan , Tong Zeqian , Zhang Chi , Zhang Gaisheng , Zhao Huiyan , Hu Zuqing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost plant viruses maintain complex interactions with their vector or nonvector insects and can indirectly (via host plants) or directly affect the fitness of insects. However, little is known about the genes involved in the interactions between insects and transmitted or nontransmitted viruses, particularly nontransmitted viruses. Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) is a vector of barley yellow dwarf virus GAV strains (BYDV-GAV), but not a vector of wheat dwarf virus (WDV), which is transmitted by the leafhopper [Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom)]. In this study, S. avenae was utilized to determine the transcriptomic responses after feeding on wheat infected by each of the two viruses, respectively, using an Illumina Hiseq sequencing platform. The transcriptomic data presented 61,508 genes, of which 854 differentially expressed. Moreover, in addition to sharing 208 genes, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S. avenae exposed to BYDV was higher (800) than that when exposed to WDV (262). The DEGs related to the immune system and fitness of S. avenae in response to BYDV-/WDV-infected plants were identified and analyzed using Gene Ontologies (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the number of related DEGs was lower as nonvector than as vector. This study provides the baseline information to further examine molecular mechanisms of how wheat viruses affect S. avenae fitness and immune response either as a vector for BYDV-GAV or as a nonvector for WDV.
Learning common and specific patterns from data of multiple interrelated biological scenarios with matrix factorization
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Zhang Shihua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh-throughput biological technologies (e.g. ChIP-seq, RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq) rapidly accelerate the accumulation of genome-wide omics data in diverse interrelated biological scenarios (e.g. cells, tissues and conditions). Integration and differential analysis are two common paradigms for exploring and analyzing such data. However, current integrative methods usually ignore the differential part, and typical differential analysis methods either fail to identify combinatorial patterns of difference or require matched dimensions of the data. Here, we propose a flexible framework CSMF to combine them into one paradigm to simultaneously reveal Common and Specific patterns via Matrix Factorization from data generated under interrelated biological scenarios. We demonstrate the effectiveness of CSMF with four representative applications including pairwise ChIP-seq data describing the chromatin modification map between K562 and Huvec cell lines; pairwise RNA-seq data representing the expression profiles of two different cancers; RNA-seq data of three breast cancer subtypes; and single-cell RNA-seq data of human embryonic stem cell differentiation at six time points. Extensive analysis yields novel insights into hidden combinatorial patterns in these multi-modal data. Results demonstrate that CSMF is a powerful tool to uncover common and specific patterns with significant biological implications from data of interrelated biological scenarios.
Galectin-1 inhibition induces cell apoptosis through dual suppression of CXCR4 and Ras pathways in human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Shih Tsung-Chieh , Fan Yunpeng , Kiss Sophie , Li Xiaocen , Deng Xiaojun Nicole , Liu Ruiwu , Chen Xiao-Jia , Carney Randy , Chen Amanda , Ghosh Paramita M , Lam Kit S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The Ras signaling pathway is commonly dysregulated in human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). It is well known that galectin-1 (Gal-1) is essential to stabilize membrane Ras and thereby induce the activation of Ras. However, the role of Gal-1 in MPNST progression remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether Gal-1 knockdown could have an effect on the Ras signaling pathway.

Methods
Cell viability, apoptosis assay, and colony formation were performed to examine the effects of inhibition of Gal-1 in MPNST cells. We used a human MPNST xenograft model to assess growth and metastasis inhibitory effects of Gal-1 inhibitor LLS2.

Results
Gal-1 was upregulated in MPNST patients and was highly expressed in MPNST cells. Knockdown of Gal-1 by small interfering (si)RNA in Gal-1 expressing MPNST cells significantly reduces cell proliferation through the suppression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and the rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, which are important oncogenic signaling in MPNST development. Moreover, Gal-1 knockdown induces apoptosis and inhibits colony formation. LLS2, a novel Gal-1 allosteric small molecule inhibitor, is cytotoxic against MPNST cells and was able to induce apoptosis and suppress colony formation in MPNST cells. LLS2 treatment and Gal-1 knockdown exhibited similar effects on the suppression of CXCR4 and RAS/ERK pathways. More importantly, inhibition of Gal-1 expression or function by treatment with either siRNA or LLS2 resulted in significant tumor responses in an MPNST xenograft model.

Conclusion
Our results identified an oncogenic role of Gal-1 in MPNST and that its inhibitor, LLS2, is a potential therapeutic agent, applied topically or systemically, against MPNST.