bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Predict Hepatic Decompensation in Patients Who Achieved Sustained Virologic Response to Interferon‐Free Therapy
Authors: Mandorfer Mattias , Kozbial Karin , Schwabl Philipp , Chromy David , Semmler Georg , Stättermayer Albert F. , Pinter Matthias , Hernández‐Gea Virginia , Fritzer‐Szekeres Monika , Steindl‐Munda Petra , Trauner Michael , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus , García‐Pagán Juan C. , Ferenci Peter , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims
Sustained virologic response (SVR) to interferon (IFN)‐free therapies ameliorates portal hypertension (PH); however, it remains unclear whether a decrease in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) after cure of hepatitis C translates into a clinical benefit. We assessed the impact of pretreatment HVPG, changes in HVPG, and posttreatment HVPG on the development of hepatic decompensation in patients with PH who achieved SVR to IFN‐free therapy. Moreover, we evaluated transient elastography (TE) and von Willebrand factor to platelet count ratio (VITRO) as noninvasive methods for monitoring the evolution of PH.

Approach and Results
The study comprised 90 patients with HVPG ≥ 6 mm Hg who underwent paired HVPG, TE, and VITRO assessments before (baseline [BL]) and after (follow‐up [FU]) IFN‐free therapy. FU HVPG but not BL HVPG predicted hepatic decompensation (per mm Hg, hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.08‐1.28; P < 0.001). Patients with BL HVPG ≤ 9 mm Hg or patients who resolved clinically significant PH (CSPH) were protected from hepatic decompensation. In patients with CSPH, an HVPG decrease ≥ 10% was similarly protective (36 months, 2.5% vs. 40.5%; P < 0.001) but was observed in a substantially higher proportion of patients (60% vs. 24%; P < 0.001). Importantly, the performance of noninvasive methods such as TE/VITRO for diagnosing an HVPG reduction ≥ 10% was inadequate for clinical use (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], < 0.8), emphasizing the need for HVPG measurements. However, TE/VITRO were able to rule in or rule out FU CSPH (AUROC, 0.86‐0.92) in most patients, especially if assessed in a sequential manner.

Conclusions
Reassessment of HVPG after SVR improved prognostication in patients with pretreatment CSPH. An “immediate” HVPG decrease ≥ 10% was observed in the majority of these patients and was associated with a clinical benefit, as it prevented hepatic decompensation. These results support the use of HVPG as a surrogate endpoint for interventions that lower portal pressure by decreasing intrahepatic resistance.
HSPB1 rs2070804 polymorphism is associated with the depth of primary tumor
Authors: Hung Chin‐Sheng , Huang Chien‐Yu , Hsu Yu‐Wen , Makondi Precious Takondwa , Chang Wei‐Chiao , Chang Yu‐Jia , Wang Jaw‐Yuan , Wei Po‐Li 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Genome‐wide association studies are a powerful method to analyze the status of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in specific genes. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were found to be involved in the cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, there is still no further study about polymorphisms of HSP beta‐1 (HSPB1) in colorectal cancer. We proposed the SNP of HSPB1 may be correlated with the progression and metastasis in colon cancer.MethodsWe recruited 379 colorectal cancer patients and categorized as four stages following the UICC TNM system. Then, we selected tagging SNPs of HSPB1 by 10% minimum allelic frequency in Han Chinese population from the HapMap database and analyze with the Chi‐square test.ResultsWe demonstrated the association of HSPB1 genetic polymorphisms rs2070804 with tumor depth with colorectal cancer. But, there is a lack of association between HSPB1 genetic polymorphisms and colorectal cancer invasion, recurrence or metastasis.ConclusionsThe polymorphisms of HSPB1 seemed to change the tumor behavior of colorectal cancer. HSPB1 rs2070804 polymorphism is associated with the depth of the primary tumor. But, there is no further correlation with other to the clinical parameters such as cancer invasiveness, local recurrence, or distant metastasis.
Tumor suppressor microRNAs in lung cancer: An insight to signaling pathways and drug resistance
Authors: Asghariazar Vahid , Sakhinia Ebrahim , Mansoori Behzad , Mohammadi Ali , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLung cancer (LC) is the second common cancer for both women and men all over the world. Unfortunately, the number of LC deaths is increasing rapidly each year so early diagnosis of LC can be lifesaving. MicroRNAs are involved in multiple processes, such as cell differentiation, transcription, inflammation, proliferation, cell signaling, and apoptosis. In LC, microRNAs function as tumor suppressors (TS) or oncogenes depending on the targets. Changes in microRNAs expression level are related to tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. MicroRNAs can regulate gene expression and thus affect the activity status of different signaling pathways including AKT, JAK‐STAT, MAPK, TGF‐β, WNT, and ERK signaling pathways. Positive or negative effects on drug resistance of LC are directly affected by microRNAs and their target genes. MicroRNAs can be beneficial in combination therapy with other drugs and chemotherapeutic agents for LC.
Purification of spinosin from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen using macroporous resins followed by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Hongjuan , Shi Jiling , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Chunhua , Hou Guige , Cong Wei , Zhao Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen has been used for treating anxiety and insomnia for a long time. Spinosin, the main active C‐glycoside flavonoid in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, has attracted much attention because of its many pharmacological activities including strong hypnotic effects, anxiolytic‐like effects, and so on. In the present work, high‐purity spinosin was separated from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen using the HPD‐300 resin followed by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. The adsorption kinetics curve of spinosin on the HPD‐300 resin was studied and fitted well by the pseudo‐second‐order equation. The adsorption isotherms were also constructed and low temperature favored the adsorption reaction. The separation parameters were optimized using dynamic adsorption and desorption tests. After a one‐run treatment with HPD‐300 resin, the concentration of spinosin increased 11.8‐fold from 0.99 to 11.7% with a recovery yield of 80.4%. Furthermore, the purity of spinosin could surpass above 98% after separation by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization with a recovery yield of 72.6%. The developed method was effective and suitable for the large‐scale preparation of spinosin. Moreover, it was confirmed that HPD‐300 resin could enable good selection for the enrichment of flavonoids from different plants.
An ex vivo porcine model of the anterior glottoplasty for voice feminization surgery
Authors: Rohlfing Matthew L. , Kuperstock Jacob E. , Friedman Daniel , Spiegel Jeffrey H. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivePerceived gender identity is correctly assigned when a combination of physical and vocal attributes become congruent. Several voice feminization procedures have gained popularity, but current evidence of their impact on vocal feminization is limited to case series. This study establishes an ex vivo porcine phonatory model to evaluate the ideal extent of anterior glottic web formation in relation to frequency elevation and airway patency.MethodsSix fresh porcine larynges were obtained and fitted with arytenoid adduction sutures. Compressed air was passed through the larynges, and the vocal folds were adducted to induce phonation. Vocal fold length, posterior glottic width, fundamental frequency, and sound pressure intensity were measured as the vocal folds were progressively shortened as per the anterior glottic web surgical technique.ResultsThe average fundamental frequency prior to web formation was 109.7 Hz. The maximum frequency achieved after web formation was 403.7 Hz, and the web proportions varied from 11.8% to 61.0% of the length of the membranous vocal folds. The glottic cross‐sectional area showed an expected inverse linear relationship to the length of the glottic web. Creation of an anterior glottic web caused consistent elevation of pitch, but there was a gradual plateau of effect with increased length of the web.ConclusionThe ex vivo porcine larynx is demonstrated as an effective, available, and low‐cost model for further study of vocal pitch elevation surgical techniques. We demonstrate that in addition to progressively reducing the cross‐sectional area of the airway, additional benefit from increased web length is limited.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130:E206–E212, 2020
Genetics of recurrent pregnancy loss among Iranian population
Authors: Moghbeli Meysam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most common reproductive disorders which is defined as the occurrence of recurrent miscarriage before 24 weeks of gestation and is observed among 1%–5% of women.MethodsVarious factors are associated with RPL such as immunological disorders, maternal age, obesity, alcohol, chromosomal abnormality, endocrine disorders, and uterine abnormalities. About half of the RPL cases are related with chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, RPL genetic tests are mainly limited to karyotyping. However, there is a significant proportion of RPL cases without any chromosomal abnormalities that can be related to the single‐gene aberrations. Therefore, it is required to prepare a diagnostic panel of genetic markers besides karyotyping.ResultsIn the present review, we have summarized all the significant reported genes until now which are associated with RPL among Iranian women. We categorized all the reported genes based on their cellular and molecular functions in order to determine the molecular bases of RPL in this population.ConclusionThis review paves the way of introducing a population‐based diagnostic panel of genetic markers for the first time among Iranian RPL cases. Moreover, this review clarifies the genetic and molecular bases of RPL in this population.
Mass production of industrial tunnel oxide passivated contacts (i‐TOPCon) silicon solar cells with average efficiency over 23% and modules over 345 W
Authors: Chen Yifeng , Chen Daming , Liu Chengfa , Wang Zigang , Zou Yang , He Yu , Wang Yao , Yuan Ling , Gong Jian , Lin Wenjie , Zhang Xueling , Yang Yang , Shen Hui , Feng Zhiqiang , Altermatt Pietro P. , Verlinden Pierre J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present an industrial tunnel oxide passivated contacts (i‐TOPCon) bifacial crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cell based on large‐area n‐type substrate. The interfacial thin SiO2 is thermally growth and in situ capped by an intrinsic poly‐Si layer deposited by low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). The intrinsic poly‐Si layer is doped in an industrial POCl3 diffusion furnace to form the n+ poly‐Si at the rear, which shows an excellent surface passivation characteristics with J0 = 2.6 fA/cm2 when passivated by a SiNx:H layer deposited by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). With an industrial fabrication process, the cells are manufactured with screen‐printed front and rear metallization, using large‐area 6‐in. n‐type Czochralski (Cz) Si wafers. We demonstrate an average front‐side efficiency greater than 23% and an open‐circuit voltage Voc greater than 700 mV. These results are based on more than 20 000 pieces of cells from mass production on a single day, in an old conventional multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) Al‐back surface field (BSF) cell workshop, which has been upgraded to i‐TOPCon process. The best cell efficiency reaches 23.57%, as independently confirmed by Fraunhofer CalLab. A median module power greater than 345 W and a best module power greater than 355 W are demonstrated with double‐glass bifacial i‐TOPCon modules consisting of 120 pieces of half‐cut 161.7 mm pseudosquare i‐TOPCon cells with nine busbars.
Thermochemical investigation of Zr doping in LiNi8/12Co2/12Mn2/12O2 based on phase equilibria simulation
Authors: Kim Yongseon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe doping behavior of Zr in LiNi8/12Co2/12Mn2/12O2 (LNCM) is investigated by a simulation of the phase equilibria for the Li‐(M*,Zr)‐O system (M* = Ni, Co, Mn) based on first‐principles calculations followed by a thermochemical post‐analysis of the resultant phase diagrams. The results indicate that the stable state at the synthetically stoichiometric composition of LNCM with Zr is a mixture of undoped LNCM with a Li2ZrO3 secondary phase; doping of Zr in the LNCM crystal is not thermodynamically favored. The energies of various states comprising LNCM supercells with defects, secondary phases, and Zr doping are examined, and the equilibrium doping concentration of Zr is calculated by considering the entire LNCM:Zr crystal as a statistical combination of these states. The doping concentration of Zr in the LNCM crystal is calculated to be very low, which enables balanced control between doping and coating, as recently reported through experimentation. The dopability of Zr is expected to increase with the depletion of O2 supply during the heating of a system with a precisely controlled Li to M* ratio, but this behavior is affected by the formation of defects, especially by M* substitution for Li.
Comparing mass, retention time and tandem mass spectra as criteria for the automated screening of small molecules in aqueous environmental samples analyzed by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Jewell Kevin S. , Kunkel Uwe , Ehlig Björn , Thron Franziska , Schlüsener Michael , Dietrich Christian , Wick Arne , Ternes Thomas A. 
Published: July 2019

RationaleThe adoption of database screening using high‐resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data is promising as a river water monitoring and surveillance tool but depends on the ability to perform reliable data processing on a large number of samples in a unified workflow. Strategies to minimize errors have been proposed but automated procedures are rare.MethodsHigh‐resolution LC/ESI‐QTOFMS/MS in data‐dependent MS2 acquisition mode was performed for the analysis of surface water samples by direct injection. Data processing was achieved with software tools written in R. A database containing MS2 spectra of 693 compounds formed the basis of the workflow. Standard mixes and a time series of 361 samples of river water were analyzed and processed with the optimized workflow.ResultsUsing the database and a mix of 70 standards for testing, it was found that an identification strategy including (i) mass, (ii) retention time, and (iii) MS2 spectral matching achieved a two‐ to three‐fold improvement in the fraction of false positives compared with using only two criteria, while the number of false negatives remained low. The optimized workflow was applied to the sample series of river water. In total, 135 compounds were identified by a library match.ConclusionsThe developed automated database screening approach minimizes the proportion of false positives, while still allowing for the screening of hundreds of water samples for hundreds of compounds in a single run.
Collaboration and informal hierarchy in innovation teams: Product introductions in entrepreneurial ventures
Authors: Lahiri Amrita , Pahnke Emily C. , Howard Michael D. , Boeker Warren 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryAlthough stars may be particularly innovative, building teams to collaborate with them can be difficult. Coordinating efforts between stars and non‐stars may be especially complex in new venture, which rely on informal hierarchy to manage organizational tasks. We investigate how a venture's success at introducing new products may be influenced by the extent to which company founders and star performers are involved in co‐developing new technologies. By analyzing innovation teams within a sector of the medical device industry from 1986 to 2007, we find that combining both star inventors and founder‐inventors on a venture's innovation team may limit product introductions. Our results highlight the importance of organizational design in managing coordination and resource allocation in a venture setting and suggest important boundary conditions when stars may impede, rather than benefit, innovation.Managerial SummaryDesigning an innovation team can be challenging for new ventures. While the presence of a technologically proficient founder or highly accomplished inventor can significantly bolster a new venture's innovation efforts, our results indicate that these roles must be carefully managed to prevent conflicts between them. Our findings suggest that founders who hire star inventors should establish a clear hierarchy of decision‐making within innovation teams, while also offering greater autonomy to the star inventor in matters concerning innovation leadership and product development. We also suggest that it may be advantageous for founders to hire star inventors with prior experience working in new ventures as opposed to older, established organizations. Overall, our study indicates that new ventures need to exercise caution in hiring and managing star employees.
Necessity entrepreneurship and industry choice in new firm creation
Authors: Nikiforou Argyro (Iro) , Dencker John C. , Gruber Marc 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryResearch on necessity entrepreneurship has generated important insights, yet it views necessity entrepreneurs in developed countries as one encompassing group of unemployed individuals—ignoring that the level of need is not uniform but instead increases with time spent in unemployment. We begin to unpack the role of unemployment duration in necessity entrepreneurship by asking how it affects one of the most fundamental decisions in start‐ups: “what business should I be in?” Analyzing primary data on 576 necessity entrepreneurs combined with three secondary data sets, we find that unemployment duration affects whether ventures are launched in “home” or in external industries, and moderates the extent to which founders' industry experience and the attractiveness of external opportunities relative to those in the “home” industry shape industry choice.
Managerial SummaryNecessity entrepreneurs—individuals who create new firms because they have no other options for work—represent a substantial proportion of world‐wide entrepreneurial activity, and, in developed countries, often come from the ranks of the unemployed. We analyze these entrepreneurs by answering the question “what business should I be in?,” a fundamental strategic decision that founders make. Our findings reveal that duration in unemployment is a key, hitherto unexamined factor that systematically affects the industry‐choice decision in startups. Moreover, we find that duration of unemployment moderates the founder's industry experience and the attractiveness of external opportunities relative to those in the “home” industry, with a markedly different picture for the long‐term unemployed—suggesting the need for customized government policies for formerly unemployed entrepreneurs.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Morbidity: Lessons from Endoscopic via Bilateral Areola and Open Thyroidectomy Technique
Authors: Zhang Daqi , Zhang Jiao , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Li Fang , Wang Tie , Li Hongbo , Liang Nan , Sun Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and aimElucidating the mechanism of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries through intraoperative electromyographic (EMG) and laryngeal examination approaches may deepen our knowledge regarding its prevention strategies. To date, no studies have been reported on the mechanism of RLN injury caused by endoscopic thyroidectomy via bilateral areola approach (ETBAA).MethodsBoth intraoperative EMG profiles and postoperative laryngeal examination were used to investigate the mechanisms of RLN injury and compare the safety aspects between ETBAA and open thyroidectomy approach (OTA).ResultsThis study examined 1420 nerves at risk. The mean follow‐up period was 17 ± 4 (range 6–48) months. The incidence of vocal cord paralysis was 4.1% (59/1420). The number of cases with decreased EMG signals and vocal cord palsy was higher in ETBAA group than in OTA group (P < 0.05). The left RLNs in ETBAA group were at higher risk compared to the right nerves.ConclusionsThe results of the current study indicate that ETBAA exhibits higher risk of RLN injury. The topic includes a video.
Impact of space weather on climate and habitability of terrestrial-type exoplanets
Authors: Airapetian V. S. , Barnes R. , Cohen O. , Collinson G. A. , Danchi W. C. , Dong C. F. , Del Genio A. D. , France K. , Garcia-Sage K. , Glocer A. , Gopalswamy N. , Grenfell J. L. , Gronoff G. , Güdel M. , Herbst K. , Henning W. G. , Jackman C. H. , Jin M. , Johnstone C. P. , Kaltenegger L. , Kay C. D. , Kobayashi K. , Kuang W. , Li G. , Lynch B. J. , Lüftinger T. , Luhmann J. G. , Maehara H. , Mlynczak M. G. , Notsu Y. , Osten R. A. , Ramirez R. M. , Rugheimer S. , Scheucher M. , Schlieder J. E. , Shibata K. , Sousa-Silva C. , Stamenković V. , Strangeway R. J. , Usmanov A. V. , Vergados P. , Verkhoglyadova O. P. , Vidotto A. A. , Voytek M. , Way M. J. , Zank G. P. , Yamashiki Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe search for life in the Universe is a fundamental problem of astrobiology and modern science. The current progress in the detection of terrestrial-type exoplanets has opened a new avenue in the characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres and in the search for biosignatures of life with the upcoming ground-based and space missions. To specify the conditions favourable for the origin, development and sustainment of life as we know it in other worlds, we need to understand the nature of global (astrospheric), and local (atmospheric and surface) environments of exoplanets in the habitable zones (HZs) around G-K-M dwarf stars including our young Sun. Global environment is formed by propagated disturbances from the planet-hosting stars in the form of stellar flares, coronal mass ejections, energetic particles and winds collectively known as astrospheric space weather. Its characterization will help in understanding how an exoplanetary ecosystem interacts with its host star, as well as in the specification of the physical, chemical and biochemical conditions that can create favourable and/or detrimental conditions for planetary climate and habitability along with evolution of planetary internal dynamics over geological timescales. A key linkage of (astro)physical, chemical and geological processes can only be understood in the framework of interdisciplinary studies with the incorporation of progress in heliophysics, astrophysics, planetary and Earth sciences. The assessment of the impacts of host stars on the climate and habitability of terrestrial (exo)planets will significantly expand the current definition of the HZ to the biogenic zone and provide new observational strategies for searching for signatures of life. The major goal of this paper is to describe and discuss the current status and recent progress in this interdisciplinary field in light of presentations and discussions during the NASA Nexus for Exoplanetary System Science funded workshop ‘Exoplanetary Space Weather, Climate and Habitability’ and to provide a new roadmap for the future development of the emerging field of exoplanetary science and astrobiology.