bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rolapitant Administered Intravenously on the Pharmacokinetics of a Modified Cooperstown Cocktail (Midazolam, Omeprazole, Warfarin, Caffeine, and Dextromethorphan) in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Zhi‐Yi , Arora Sujata , Wang Jing , Lu Sharon , Powers Dan , Kansra Vikram 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRolapitant is a selective, long‐acting neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist, approved in the United States and Europe for prevention of delayed chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in adults. This open‐label study evaluated the effects of a new intravenous formulation of rolapitant on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme (CYP3A, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6) activity. On days 1 and 14, 36 healthy volunteers received a modified Cooperstown cocktail (midazolam 3 mg [CYP3A substrate], caffeine 200 mg [CYP1A2 substrate], S‐warfarin 10 mg [CYP2C9 substrate] + vitamin K 10 mg, omeprazole 40 mg [CYP2C19 substrate], and dextromethorphan 30 mg [CYP2D6 substrate]). On day 7, subjects received the modified Cooperstown cocktail after 166.5‐mg rolapitant infusion. On days 21, 28, and 35, subjects received oral dextromethorphan. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0‐last) of probe drugs post‐ vs pre–rolapitant administration were assessed using geometric least‐squares mean ratios (GMRs) with 90%CIs. The 90%CIs of the GMRs were within the 0.80–1.25 no‐effect limits for caffeine and S‐warfarin Cmax and AUC0‐last. For midazolam Cmax and AUC0‐last and omeprazole Cmax, the 90%CIs of the GMRs were marginally outside these limits. Intravenous rolapitant coadministration increased dextromethorphan exposure, peaking 14 days post–rolapitant administration (GMRs: Cmax, 2.74, 90%CI 2.21–3.40; AUC0‐last, 3.36, 90%CI 2.74–4.13). Intravenous rolapitant 166.5 mg and probe drugs were well tolerated when coadministered. These data suggest that intravenous rolapitant is not an inhibitor of CYP3A, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP1A2 but is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects With Hepatic Impairment
Authors: Bækdal Tine A. , Thomsen Mette , Kupčová Viera , Hansen Cilie W. , Anderson Thomas W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSemaglutide is a human glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analog that has been co‐formulated with the absorption enhancer, sodium N‐(8‐[2‐hydroxybenzoyl] amino) caprylate, for oral administration. This trial (NCT02016911) investigated whether hepatic impairment affects the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of oral semaglutide. Subjects were classified into groups: normal hepatic function (n = 24), and mild (n = 12), moderate (n = 12), or severe (n = 8) hepatic impairment according to Child‐Pugh criteria, and received once‐daily oral semaglutide (5 mg for 5 days followed by 10 mg for 5 days). Semaglutide plasma concentrations were measured during dosing and for up to 21 days post‐last dose. Area under the semaglutide plasma concentration–time curve from 0–24 hours after the 10th dose (primary end point) and maximum semaglutide concentration after the 10th dose appeared similar across hepatic function groups. Similarly, there was no apparent effect of hepatic impairment on time to maximum semaglutide concentration (median range 1.0–1.5 hours) or half‐life (geometric mean range 142–156 hours). No safety concerns were identified in subjects with hepatic impairment receiving semaglutide. Reported adverse events were in line with those observed for other glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. There was no apparent effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of oral semaglutide. The results of this trial suggest that dose adjustment of oral semaglutide is not warranted in subjects with hepatic impairment.
Multiphysics characterization of polymer‐filled through‐silicon vias (PF‐TSVs) for three‐dimensional integration
Authors: Jin Jing , Zhao Wen‐Sheng , Wang Da‐Wei , Zhou Liang , Yin Wen‐Yan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo increase the density of input/output connections, the polymer‐filled through‐silicon vias (PF‐TSVs) were proposed recently. To analyze the reliability of the PF‐TSVs, multiphysics characterization is conducted in this paper. The time‐domain finite‐element method is used to cosolve the heat conduction and thermal stress equations. Temperature‐dependent materials' parameters such as thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and Young's modulus, are treated appropriately. Based on the in‐house developed time‐domain finite‐element method algorithm, the temperature and thermal stress distributions of the PF‐TSV array and channel are evaluated. Transient thermo‐mechanical responses are captured and studied in detail for the PF‐TSV array and channel with different periodic voltage pulses applied. It is anticipated that this study provides certain guidance for the design and applications of PF‐TSVs.
West Africa climate extremes and climate change indices
Authors: Barry A. A. , Caesar J. , Klein Tank A. M. G. , Aguilar E. , McSweeney Carol , Cyrille Ahmed M. , Nikiema M. P. , Narcisse K. B. , Sima F. , Stafford G. , Touray L. M. , Ayilari‐Naa J. A. , Mendes C. L. , Tounkara M. , Gar‐Glahn Eugene V. S. , Coulibaly M. S. , Dieh M. F. , Mouhaimouni M. , Oyegade J.A , Sambou E. , Laogbessi E. T. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObservational analyses of changing climate extremes over the West Africa region have been limited by the availability of long and high‐quality datasets. To help address this gap, a climate extremes indices workshop was held in the Gambia in December 2011 with participants from 14 West African countries. The resulting analysis utilized 15 annual indices derived from observed daily temperatures and 10 annual indices derived from observed daily precipitation. The analysis was conducted for 166 meteorological stations in 13 countries for 2 periods: 1960–2010 and 1981–2010. The analyses of trends in the annual mean temperature indices have identified statistically significant increases of 0.16 °C/decade and 0.28 °C/decade for mean annual maximum and mean annual minimum temperatures, respectively, averaged over all available land stations in the region during the last 50 years. The seasonal‐temperature‐related indices show significant patterns of warming in all seasons. The annual mean of daily minimum temperature has increased more than the annual mean of daily maximum temperature leading to a decreasing trend in the diurnal temperature range. Warm days and warm nights have become more frequent, and cold days and cold nights have become less frequent. The analyses of precipitation‐based indices indicate spatially non‐coherent changes throughout the study area with few statistically significant trends over the longer period. Exceptions to this are the simple daily intensity index and maximum 5‐day precipitation, which show significant increasing regional trends over both the shorter and longer periods. Additionally, over the recent period (1981–2010) most of the precipitation related indices show significant trends towards wetter conditions. However, this period of increased rainfall follows a decade of significantly drier conditions in the region – it is not clear whether the recent upward trends reflect the ‘recovery’ from this long drought period or represents a long‐term response to warming.
Irrigation options to save water while enhancing export‐size fruit and storability of ‘Smooth Red’ cactus pear
Authors: Zegbe Jorge A , Serna‐Pérez Alfonso 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDA two‐year study assessed deficit irrigation options for their effects on water‐saving, yield, fruit quality, and postharvest performance of ‘Smooth Red’ cactus pear. We evaluated: (i) full irrigation (FI), (ii) partial rootzone drying (PRD), (iii) deficit irrigation (DI), and (iv) non‐irrigated (NI) treatment as control.RESULTSThe FI plants had the largest fruit size and the highest yield. PRD and DI plants used irrigation water with the highest efficiency and had the highest water productivity. The NI plants showed the highest water use efficiency in both growing seasons. Compared with FI, the yield was reduced in PRD by 5.5% in 2005 and by 7.8% in 2006. The corresponding reductions for DI were 6.0% and 7.4%, respectively. The NI plants had the lowest percentage of marketable yield. The PRD and DI treatments did not negatively affect fruit quality attributes either at harvest or after storage compared with FI and NI fruits. Fruit water loss tended to be lower in FI, PRD, and DI fruits.CONCLUSIONSThis study was aimed at obtaining the maximum yield per unit of water applied instead of maximizing the yield per unit of area. We therefore recommend PRD or DI as feasible irrigation options for sustainable production of cactus pear. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon footprint of organic beef meat from farm to fork: a case study of short supply chain
Authors: Vitali Andrea , Grossi Giampiero , Martino Giuseppe , Bernabucci Umberto , Nardone Alessandro , Lacetera Nicola 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSustainability of food systems is one of the big challenges facing humanity. Local food networks, especially those using organic methods, are proliferating worldwide, and little is known about their carbon footprints. This study aims to assess greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with a local organic beef supply chain using a cradle‐to‐grave approach.RESULTSThe study determined an overall burden of 24.46 kg CO2 eq. kg−1 of cooked meat. The breeding and fattening phase was the principal source of CO2 in the production chain, accounting for 86% of the total emissions. Enteric methane emission was the greatest source of GHG arising directly from farming activities (47%). The consumption of meat at home was the second high point in GHG production in the chain (9%), with the cooking process being the main source within this stage (72%). Retail and slaughtering activities respectively accounted for 4.1% and 1.1% of GHG emissions for the whole supply chain.CONCLUSIONThe identification of the major sources of GHG emissions associated with organic beef produced and consumed in a local food network may stimulate debate on environmental issues among those in the network and direct them toward processes, choices and habits that reduce carbon pollution. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrated strategy based on high‐resolution mass spectrometry coupled with multiple data mining techniques for the metabolic profiling of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge husks in rat plasma, urine, and feces
Authors: Rong Weiwei , Guo Sirui , Ding Kewen , Yuan Ziyue , Li Qing , Bi Kaishun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn integrated strategy based on high‐resolution mass spectrometry coupled with multiple data mining techniques was developed to screen the metabolites in rat biological fluids after the oral administration of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge husks. Mass defect filtering, product ion filtering, and neutral loss filtering were applied to detect metabolites from the complex matrix. As a result, 55 metabolites were tentatively identified, among which 45 barrigenol‐type triterpenoid metabolites were detected in the feces, and six flavonoids and four coumarins metabolites were in the urine. Moreover, eight prototype constituents in plasma, 36 in urine and 23 in feces were also discovered. Due to the poor bioavailability of barrigenol type triterpenoids, most of them were metabolized by intestinal flora. Phase I metabolic reactions such as deglycosylation, oxidation, demethylation, dehydrogenation, and internal hydrolysis were supposed to be their principal metabolic pathways. Coumarins were found in all the biosamples, whereas flavonoids were mainly in the urine. Unlike the saponins, they were mainly metabolized through phase II metabolic reactions like glucuronidation and sulfonation, which made them eliminated more easily by urine. This work suggested the metabolic profile of X. sorbifolia husks for the first time, which will be very valuable for its further development.
Environmental Drivers of Adult Atlantic Sturgeon Movement and Residency in the Delaware Bay
Authors: Breece Matthew W. , Fox Dewayne A. , Oliver Matthew J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Animals utilize various habitats throughout their life to optimize growth, fitness, and survival. Identifying environmental conditions and locations where animals exhibit different movement behaviors can be used to infer the relative importance of habitat types. In the case of threatened and endangered species, such as the Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, critical habitat designations are a tool used to promote conservation and recovery. We utilized an extensive passive acoustic telemetry array, observed atmospheric conditions and river flow, modeled seawater conditions, and used generalized additive mixed modeling to determine environmental predictors of Atlantic Sturgeon movement and residency in the Delaware Bay on the U.S. East Coast. Our results suggested that shallower waters, warmer bottom temperatures, and areas toward the eastern portion of the Delaware Bay were predictive of residency, while movement was predicted by increased depth, cooler bottom temperatures, and areas toward the western portion of the bay. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence highlighting habitats at the Delaware Bay mouth, where Atlantic Sturgeon occur at heightened concentrations from late spring through fall. The Delaware River estuary once supported the largest population of Atlantic Sturgeon in North America, but that population is now critically imperiled (or endangered). Atlantic Sturgeon spend the vast majority of their life in marine, polyhaline waters, and without enhanced protection for these habitats, their recovery may never be realized.
An immunological age index in bipolar disorder: A confirmatory factor analysis of putative immunosenescence markers and associations with clinical characteristics
Authors: Rizzo Lucas B. , Swardfager Walter , Maurya Pawan Kumar , Graiff Maiara Zeni , Pedrini Mariana , Asevedo Elson , Cassinelli Ana Cláudia , Bauer Moisés E. , Cordeiro Quirino , Scott Jan , Brietzke Elisa , Cogo‐Moreira Hugo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe study aims to generate an immunological age (IA) trait on the basis of immune cell differentiation parameters, and to test whether the IA is related to age and disease characteristics.MethodsForty‐four euthymic type I bipolar disorder patients were included in this study. Five immunosenescence‐related parameters were assessed: proportions of late‐differentiated cells (e.g., CD3+CD8+CD28‐CD27‐ and CD3‐CD19+IgD‐CD27‐), and the expression of CD69, CD71, and CD152 after stimulation. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to generate an IA trait underling the 5 measures.ResultsThe best‐fit model was constituted by 4 parameters that were each related to an underlying IA trait, with 1 cell population positively correlated (CD3+CD8+CD28‐CD27‐ [λ = 0.544, where λ represents the loading of the parameter onto the IA trait] and 3 markers negatively correlated (CD69 [λ = −0.488], CD71 [λ = −0.833], and CD152 [λ = −0.674]). The IA trait was associated with chronological age (β = 0.360, p = .013) and the number of previous mood episodes (β = 0.426, p = .006). In a mediation model, 84% of the effect between manic episodes, and IA was mediated by body mass index.ConclusionIn bipolar disorder type I, premature aging of the immune system could be reliably measured using an index that validated against chronological age, which was related to adverse metabolic effects of the disease course.
FoxO1 transcriptional activities in VEGF expression and beyond: a key regulator in functional angiogenesis?
Authors: Ren Bin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFoxO1 has emerged as an important regulator of angiogenesis. Recent work published in this Journal shows that FoxO1 regulates VEGF expression in keratinocytes and is required for angiogenesis in wound healing. Since FoxO1 also regulates CD36 transcription, and endothelial cell differentiation and vascular maturation, this transcription factor may be essential for the formation of functional vascular networks via coupling the regulation of CD36 in vascular endothelial cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Although many outstanding questions remain to be answered, the mechanisms by which FoxO1 regulates VEGF in keratinocytes provide insight into the development of functional angiogenesis and further our understanding of vascular biology. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility and results of an intraarterial chemotherapy program for the conservative treatment of retinoblastoma in Argentina
Authors: Funes Santiago , Sampor Claudia , Villasante Francisco , Fandiño Adriana , Manzitti Julio , Sgroi Mariana , Neira Pablo , Peralta Laura , Lagomarsino Eduardo , Schaiquevich Paula , Ceciliano Alejandro , Chantada Guillermo L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe feasibility and results of intraarterial chemotherapy, also termed ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (OAC), for retinoblastoma in less developed countries have seldom been reported.ProcedureA retrospective evaluation of a program of OAC in Argentina from 2010 to 2015.ResultsNinety‐seven eyes from 81 patients (61 bilateral) were analyzed. In 35 eyes, OAC was given as primary therapy and in 62 it was used for the treatment of tumors with partial response or those relapsing after systemic chemoreduction with focal therapy or external‐beam radiotherapy. Twenty‐two primarily treated eyes had group D and 13 groups B/C. A total of 400 procedures were carried out. Chemotherapy used included combinations of melphalan, carboplatin, and topotecan. There was no mortality associated with OAC. Toxicity included fever and neutropenia in five (1.25%), hypotension and bradycardia during anesthesia in two and femoral thrombosis in one, eyelid edema in nine, and neutropenia or thrombocytopenia in 28 cycles. With a median follow‐up of 48.7 months (range 12–79), the 3‐year probability of event‐free survival (pEFS) (enucleation and/or radiotherapy were considered events) was comparable for patients who received first‐line therapy and those treated at relapse (0.65 vs. 0.63, P = 0.5). In the former, the pEFS was 0.91 and 0.43 for groups B/C and D, respectively (P = 0.01). Two patients died of extraocular dissemination after refusal of enucleation.ConclusionsOAC was feasible with low toxicity. pEFS improved in all groups compared to the previous experience with systemic chemotherapy reducing the use of radiotherapy. The overall mortality associated with OAC is comparable to our previous experience with systemic chemoreduction.
Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) aggregation at solvent–solvent interfaces
Authors: Sapolsky Marni , Boucher David 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe aggregation behavior of P3HT is investigated at the interface of orthogonal solvents for P3HT. The changeable characteristics of P3HT aggregate dispersions, for example, extent of aggregation and intrachain order, are studied by varying (1) the interfacial area, (2) the poor solvent used to induce aggregation – dichloromethane (DCM), hexane (HEX), and acetonitrile (AcN) – and (3) the relative composition of the good solvent, chloroform (CF), and poor solvents. The results are compared to those observed using rapid injection of the solvent. Miscibility gap values (Δδ) provide a reasonable justification of the assembly behavior of P3HT in the solvent mixtures in terms of the kinetics of polymer aggregation and the kinetics of solvent mixing at the interface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to analyze the morphology of films processed from dispersions with disparate characteristics, but having the same solvent composition, for example, 70:30 CF:HEX or 60:40 CF:DCM. Based on the disparity of the kinetics and miscibility gap values, the prevalence of specific structural motifs in the films, for example, spheroids (globules) and fibers, is effectively rationalized in terms of the structural attributes of the aggregates in the liquid phase rather than the evaporation rate (boiling point) differences of the solvents in the mixture. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 999–1011
H∞‐output regulation of linear heterogeneous multiagent systems over switching graphs
Authors: Adib Yaghmaie Farnaz , Hengster Movric Kristian , Lewis Frank L. , Su Rong , Sebek Michael 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we analyze H∞‐output regulation of linear heterogeneous multiagent systems. The agents are subject to modeled and unmodeled disturbances and communicate over a switching graph. We derive a sufficient condition that guarantees H∞ output regulation for the mentioned setup. This sufficient condition places requirements on both the single‐agent systems and the switching graph. The requirement on the single‐agent systems is an H∞‐criterion that should be satisfied by a proper design of the controller. Meanwhile, the switching graph needs to be maximally connected. Moreover, we derive an upper bound for the overall
‐gain of the output synchronization error with respect to the unmodeled disturbances over a fixed communication graph. We illustrate our technical developments by a simulation example.
Tales from the riverside: What community stories can tell us about sustainable water resources management practices
Authors: Gearey Mary 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe integrity of renewable freshwater resources is critical for ensuring sustainable futures. Developing strategies to mediate and encourage symbiosis between the dominant discourses of sustainable water resources management and indigenous knowledge and practice is essential. This paper asserts that storytelling plays a central role in the way that people understand and articulate their “lifeworld”: the people, values and actions that make sense to them. Empirical fieldwork, undertaken within three interconnected riparian communities, captures these community stories to reveal the nuanced ways experiential learning and community action enact sustainable local water resources management at the riverside. Paying closer attention to community stories could enable those involved in dominant sustainability discourses not only to critically engage with indigenous knowledge and practice, but also to provide opportunities to find ways to seed these stories with the wider “big history” perspective so essential to supporting sustainable futures, and water resource integrity, over the long term.
Kinetic Investigations on the Gas Phase Reaction of 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethylbutyrate with OH Radicals: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Srinivasulu Gonu , Vijayakumar Siripina , Rajakumar Balla 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe temperature dependent rate coefficients for the reaction between 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylbutyrate (2,2,2‐TFEB) with OH radicals were measured as a function of temperature (268‐343 K) and pressure (400‐760 Torr; N2 and O2) using relative rate technique. The temperature dependent rate coefficients for the gas phase reaction of 2,2,2‐TFEB + OH were used to deduce the Arrhenius expression: k(268‐343 K) = (2.72 ± 1.3)×10−13 exp{(530± 72)/T}cm3 molecule−1 s−1. At 298 K, the rate coefficient for the title reaction was obtained to be (1.58 ± 0.42) ×10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Extensive computational calculations were also performed as a complement to the present experimental study using canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) with small curvature tunnelling (SCT) correction in combination with the CCSD(T)/CC‐PVDZ//M062X/6‐31+G(d,p) level of theory. The atmospheric lifetime of the test molecule due to its reaction with OH radical is about 3 days, which is short lived. And therefore, its contribution towards the global warming potentials can be insignificant. The ozone formation potential of the test molecule is calculated to be 0.229 ppm, which is again negligible.