bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep and Parasympathetic Activity During Rest and Stress in Healthy Adolescents and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Casement Melynda D. , Goldstein Tina R. , Merranko John , Gratzmiller Sarah M. , Franzen Peter L. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveSleep disruption contributes to the pathophysiology of mental disorders, particularly bipolar illness, but the biobehavioral mechanisms of this relationship are insufficiently understood. This study evaluated sleep duration, timing, and variability as prospective predictors of parasympathetic nervous system activity during rest and social stress in adolescents with bipolar disorder, reflecting sleep-related interference in stress regulatory systems that may confer vulnerability to mood episodes.MethodParticipants were adolescents with bipolar disorder (n= 22) and healthy adolescents (n= 27). Sleep duration and timing were measured by actigraphy for 1 week before a laboratory social stress task, during which high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was indexed using electrocardiography. Multilevel models were used to evaluate group, sleep characteristics, and their interactions as predictors of initial HF-HRV and change in HF-HRV during rest and stress.ResultsAssociations between group and changes in HF-HRV during stress were moderated by sleep duration mean (z= 2.24,p= .025) and variability (z= −2.78,p= .006). There were also main effects of mean sleep duration on initial HF-HRV during rest (z= −5.37,p< .001) and stress (z= −2.69,p= .007). Follow-up analyses indicated that, in bipolar adolescents during stress, shorter and longer sleep durations were associated with lower initial HF-HRV (z= −5.44,p< .001), and greater variability in sleep duration was associated with less change in HF-HRV (z= −2.18,p= .029).ConclusionsSleep durations that are relatively short or long, which are characteristic of mood episodes, are associated with parasympathetic vulnerability to social stress in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Obtaining regular sleep of moderate duration may favorably affect responses to stress in bipolar youth.
Prevention and treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Shin Jae Hyun , Warren Cirle A. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant burden on the health system, especially due to high recurrence rates. Since the beginning of the CDI epidemic in early 2000s, many strategies for combatting recurrence have been explored, with moderate success so far. This review will focus on the most recent developments in recurrent CDI prevention and treatment.

Recent findings
There are two main mechanisms of CDI recurrence: alteration in microbiome and poor antibody response. Development of new antibiotics aims to minimize damage to the microbiome. Fecal transplant or other microbiome replacement therapies seek to replenish the missing elements in the microbiome. Fecal microbiota transplant is the most effective treatment for prevention of CDI recurrenceso far, but is difficult to standardize and regulate, leading to efforts to develop microbiome-derived therapeutics. A deficiency in developing antibodies to C. difficile toxins is another mechanism of recurrence. Active immunization using toxoid vaccines or passive immunization using mAbs address this aspect.

Summary
There are promising new treatments for recurrent CDI in development. Fecal microbiota transplant remains the most effective therapy for multiply recurrent CDI. New antibiotics, microbiome-derived therapeutics, and immunologic therapies are in development.
Analysis of Dental Arch in Children With Oral Cleft Before and After the Primary Surgeries
Authors: Mello Bianca Zeponi Fernandes , Ambrosio Eloá Cristina Passucci , Jorge Paula Karine , de Menezes Márcio , Carrara Cleide Felício Carvalho , Soares Simone , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Moreira Machado Maria Aparecida Andrade , Oliveira Thais Marchini 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate longitudinally the alteration of the dental arch dimensions of children with different oral cleft types, before and after the primary surgeries. Three-dimensional images of the maxillary dental casts of children with unilateral complete cleft lip (G1), unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (G2), and cleft palate (G3). The children were evaluated at pre-cheiloplasty (T1), pre-palatoplasty (T2), and 1 year after palatoplasty (T3). The measurements obtained: intercanine (C-C’) and intertuberosity (T-T’) distances, anterior (I-CC’) and total (I-TT’) arch lengths. To analyze the intraexaminer error, paired t-test was applied and Dahlbergh formula. The intragroups comparisons were applied: paired t-test, ANOVA followed by Tukey, Wilcoxon test, and Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn test. The intergroup comparisons were performed by independent t-test and Mann–Whitney test. In G1, the C-C’, T-T’, and the I-TT’ distances revealed a significant increase of the maxilla. In G2, the C-C’ distance statistically decreased from T1 to T3, T-T’ distance showed statistical increase from T1 to T3. The I-TT’ length increased with statistically significant differences between T1 and T3, T2 and T3. In G3, the C-C’, T-T’, and I-TT’ distance increased was statistically significant. The longitudinal evaluation of the changes occurred in the dental arches with different oral cleft types showed that cheiloplasty and palatoplasty caused the most alterations in the development of the maxillary dimensions of children with complete cleft lip and palate.
Morphometric Features of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle in Fetal Cadavers With Meningomyelocele for Prenatal Surgery
Authors: Beger Orhan , Beger Burhan , Dinç Uğur , Hamzaoğlu Vural , Erdemoğlu Ece , Özalp Hakan 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
Latissimus dorsi (LD) flaps are frequently used in the prenatal meningomyelocele (MMC) repairs; on that basis, this study aims to reveal the morphometric features of LD, thoracodorsal artery (TDA) and nerve (TDN) in fetal cadavers with MMC defects, with an anatomical perspective.

Methods:
The study was conducted on 7 formalin-fixed human fetal cadavers (4 males and 3 females) with MMC defects, aged from 18 to 27 weeks of gestation. The size of LD, TDA, and TDN including their area, length, and width were measured by a digital caliper and digital image analysis software. Our direct measurements were compared with the corresponding estimations of a previous study in the literature which provides regression formulae based on gestational age.

Results:
The fetal cadavers with MMC had bilateral LD. No significant differences were found in the numerical data of anatomical structures between the sides or the sexes. LD size (ie, area, length and width) was approximately 3% to 10% smaller in the fetuses with MMC defects than that of the normal fetuses. Unilateral LD flap in a 22-week-old fetus with a large MMC was evaluated as insufficient to close the defects.

Conclusion:
Ten percent shrinkage in the area of LD might be too critical to be disregarded by surgeons during the closure of MMC defects. The dimensional findings about LD (area, length, and width) may be helpful in planning of LD flap harvesting for the repairs of MMC.
Stem Cells: Importance of Elucidating a Stem Cell Laboratory
Authors: Thaller Seth R. , Elliot Sharon , Arroyo Ernesto J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Stem cells, which were initially elucidated in the 1960s, are characterized by their ability to continuously renew themselves to differentiate into multiple cellular types. For this reason, they remain the subject of intensive research, for their potential to treat certain diseases. In craniofacial surgery, tissue engineering using stem cells can be employed in various techniques. These include 3D printing, which has the potential to regenerate dental, oral, and craniofacial structures, once lost to congenital anomalies, trauma and other diseases like cancer. With the growing battery of information about stem cells and their potential translation from research to clinical practice, it is important to outline what is the basic layout of a stem cell research facility.
Alopecia Risk and the Thickness, Number, and Frequency of Scalp Skin Harvests
Authors: Hwang Kun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationships between the thickness, number, and frequency of scalp skin harvests and alopecia risk.
In a PubMed search, the search terms (scalp AND graft AND alopecia) were used, resulting in 148 papers. Among 21 abstracts, 11 full papers were reviewed, and 3 papers were ultimately analyzed.
The donor-site alopecia rate was significantly higher in patients who experienced hair growth on their grafts than in those who did not (odds ratio = 10.875, 95% confidence interval, 2.677–44.178; P < 0.001). The depth of the infundibulum can be estimated to be 451.8 μm at 5 years of age, 528.8 μm at 10 years, 605.8 μm at 15 years, and 682.8 μm at 20 years. Therefore, the limits of safe thickness for graft harvesting from the scalp are <18/1000 inches for 5-year olds, 21/1000 inches for 10-year olds, 24/1000 inches for 15-year olds, and 27/1000 inches for 20-year olds. The safe number of harvests (intersection of the alopecia and nonalopecia groups) was 2.7, and the safer number of harvests (limits of 2 standard deviations of the alopecia group) was 1.0. The safe time interval between harvests was 14.0 days, and the safer time interval between harvests was 15.6 days. The safe single minimal interval (SMI) between harvests was 12.7 days, and the safer SMI was 13.7 days.
Since the safe thickness for graft harvesting from scalps exceeds the thickness in usual practice, following the safer SMI between harvests (13.7 days) is expected to be more important for minimizing alopecia risk.
Surgical Outcomes of Endoscopic Medial Orbital Wall Decompression
Authors: Kim Jong Woo , Kang Sung Mo 
Published: August 2019

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications after endoscopic medial orbital wall decompression.

Method:
From November 2016 to July 2017, we retrospectively reviewed 40 eyes of 20 patients who had undergone orbital decompression because of thyroid ophthalmopathy and other causes of proptosis.
The eyes were classified into 2 groups: orbits which received only endoscopic medial wall decompression, and orbits which received both endoscopic medial wall decompression and transconjunctival inferior wall decompression. Statistical analysis was performed for all data generated. The preoperative and 3-month postoperative follow-up examinations for all patients were assessed by Hertel ophthalmometry, interpalpebral fissure, marginal reflex distance 1, Goldmann applanation tonometry, diplopia test, and Grave ophthalmopathy specific quality of life survey.

Results:
Endoscopic medial wall decompression was performed in 17 of the total 40 eyes, and endoscopic medial wall decompression and transconjunctival inferior wall decompression was performed in the remaining 23 eyes. Proptosis improved from 20.4 ± 1.16 mm preoperatively to 16.8 ± 1.02 mm postoperatively in the endoscopic medial wall approach group, and from 20.8 ± 1.75 mm preoperatively to 14.8 ± 1.79 mm postoperatively in the endoscopic medial wall and transconjunctival inferior wall approach group. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients who displayed periphery diplopia, in the endoscopic medial wall and transconjunctival inferior wall approach group. A survey to assess the level of cosmetic satisfaction was significantly improved in both groups after surgery.

Conclusion:
Endoscopic medial wall decompression is an approach that achieves sufficient orbital decompression while minimizing complications.
HLA Class II Antibodies at the Time of Kidney Transplantation and Cardiovascular Outcome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Malfait Thomas , Emonds Marie-Paule , Daniëls Liesbeth , Nagler Evi V. , Van Biesen Wim , Van Laecke Steven 
Published: August 2019

Background.The negative role of HLA class II donor-specific antibody on graft outcome is well recognized. However, the potentially negative cardiovascular effects of preformed HLA class II antibodies and donor HLA in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) remain unestablished.Methods.We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study including 1115 KTRs (2003–2016) with up to 4449 person-years of follow-up after transplantation and a median follow-up time of 5.1 years (interquartile range, 2.7–7.6). We evaluated the unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted association between pretransplant HLA class I and II antibodies, as well as HLA-DR1 donor/recipient genotype and the primary (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event [MACCE] or all-cause mortality) and secondary (MACCE or cardiovascular mortality) outcome.Results.In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, HLA class II antibodies before transplantation were associated with increased adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for MACCE or all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.71 [1.13–2.60];P= 0.012) even after adjustment for time-varying covariate graft loss (aHR, 1.68 [1.08–2.62];P= 0.022) and biopsy-proven acute rejection (aHR, 1.71 [1.13–2.60];P= 0.012). HLA class II antibodies were also associated with increased aHR for the secondary outcome, MACCE, or cardiovascular mortality (aHR, 1.92 [1.12–3.30];P= 0.018). We investigated the effect of donor and recipient HLA-DR1 on these outcome parameters and demonstrated that KTRs with HLA-DR1 positive donors had an increased aHR for MACCE with all-cause (aHR, 1.45 [1.09–1.94];P= 0.012) and cardiovascular mortality (aHR, 1.49 [1.00–2.22];P= 0.05).Conclusions.Prior sensitization against HLA class II antigens is associated with unfavorable long-term cardiovascular outcome in KTRs independent of graft loss or rejection. Recipients of an HLA-DR1 donor also have an impaired cardiovascular outcome.
Comparative functional survival and equivalent annual cost of three long lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) products in Tanzania
Authors: Lorenz Lena M , Bradley John , Yukich Joshua , Massue Dennis Joram , Mboma Zawadi Mageni , Pigeon Olivier , Moore Jason , Kilian Albert , Lines Jo , Kisinza William , Overgaard Hans J , Moore Sarah J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlmost 1.2 billion long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been procured for malaria control. Institutional buyers often assume that World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified LLINs are functionally identical with a three-year lifespan. We measured the lifespans of three LLIN products, and calculated their cost-per-year of functional life, through a randomised double-blinded prospective evaluation among 3,420 study households in Tanzania using WHO-recommended methods. Primary outcome was LLIN functional survival (LLINs present in serviceable condition). Secondary outcomes were 1) bioefficacy and chemical content (residual insecticidal activity) and 2) protective efficacy for volunteers sleeping under LLINs (bite reduction and mosquitoes killed). LLIN median functional survival was significantly different: 2·0 years for Olyset, 2·5 years for PermaNet and 2·6 years for NetProtect. Functional survival was affected by accumulation of holes resulting in users discarding nets. Protective efficacy also significantly differed between products as they aged. The longer-lived nets were 20% cheaper than the shorter-lived product.
Mother-to-embryo vitellogenin transport in a viviparous teleostXenotoca eiseni
Authors: Iida Atsuo , Arai Hiroyuki , Someya Yumiko , Inokuchi Mayu , Onuma Takeshi A. , Yokoi Hayato , Suzuki Tohru , Sano Kaori 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVitellogenin (Vtg), a yolk nutrient protein that is synthesized in the livers of female animals, and subsequently carried into the ovary, contributes to vitellogenesis in oviparous animals. Thus, Vtg levels are elevated during oogenesis. In contrast, Vtg have been genetically lost in viviparous mammals, thus the yolk protein is not involved in their oogenesis and embryonic development. In this study, we identified Vtg protein in the livers of females during the gestation of the viviparous teleost,Xenotoca eiseni. Although vitellogenesis is arrested during gestation, biochemical assays revealed that Vtg protein was present in ovarian tissues and lumen fluid. The Vtg protein was also detected in the trophotaenia of the intraovarian embryo. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Vtg protein is absorbed into intracellular vesicles in the epithelial cells of the trophotaenia. Furthermore, extraneous Vtg protein injected into the abdominal cavity of a pregnant female was subsequently detected in the trophotaenia of the intraovarian embryo. Our data suggest that the yolk protein is one of the matrotrophic factors supplied from the mother to the intraovarian embryo during gestation inX. eiseni. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the experimental verification of mother-to-embryo substance transport in a viviparous teleost.
Improved Automatic Pharmacovigilance: An Enhancement to the MedWatcher Social System for Monitoring Adverse Events
Authors: Nguyen Andre T. , Lien Julia , Raff Edward , Mekaru Sumiko R. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTTraditional pharmacovigilance systems rely on adverse event reports received by regulatory authorities such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These traditional systems suffer from underreporting and are not timely due to their reliance on third-party sentinels. To address these issues, the MedWatcher Social system for monitoring adverse events through automated processing of digital social media data and crowdsourcing was launched in 2012 by Boston Children’s Hospital and the FDA. The system is rooted in the well-established FDA MedWatch system.MedWatcher Social uses an indicator score approach to identify adverse events. This study evaluates the MedWatcher Social adverse event classifier’s performance on Twitter data and proposes an enhancement to the indicator score method that results in improved adverse event identification.Our research suggests that automatic pharmacovigilance systems using the original indicator score approach should be updated. Careful consideration of modeling assumptions is critical when designing algorithms for computational epidemiology, and algorithms should be regularly reevaluated to identify enhancements and to remedy concept drift.
Seasonal Variability and Shared Molecular Signatures of Inactivated Influenza Vaccination in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Avey Stefan , Mohanty Subhasis , Chawla Daniel G. , Meng Hailong , Bandaranayake Thilinie , Ueda Ikuyo , Zapata Heidi J. , Park Koonam , Blevins Tamara P. , Tsang Sui , Belshe Robert B. , Kaech Susan M. , Shaw Albert C. , Kleinstein Steven H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe seasonal influenza vaccine is an important public health tool but is only effective in a subset of individuals. The identification of molecular signatures provides a mechanism to understand the drivers of vaccine-induced immunity. Most previously reported molecular signatures of influenza vaccination were derived from a single age group or season, ignoring the effects of immunosenescence or vaccine composition. Thus, it remains unclear how immune signatures of vaccine response change with age across multiple seasons. Here we profile the transcriptional landscape of young and older adults over five consecutive vaccination seasons to identify shared signatures of vaccine response as well as marked seasonal differences. Along with substantial variability in vaccine-induced signatures across seasons, we uncovered a common transcriptional signature 28 days post-vaccination in both young and older adults. However, gene expression patterns associated with vaccine-induced antibody responses were distinct in young and older adults; for example, increased expression of Killer Cell Lectin Like Receptor B1 (KLRB1;CD161) 28 days post-vaccination positively and negatively predicted vaccine-induced antibody responses in young and older adults, respectively. These findings contribute new insights for developing more effective influenza vaccines, particularly in older adults.
ProGeo-neo: a Customized Proteogenomic Workflow for Neoantigen Prediction and Selection
Authors: Li Yuyu , Wang Guangzhi , Tan Xiaoxiu , Ouyang Jian , Zhang Menghuan , Song Xiaofeng , Liu Qi , Leng Qibin , Chen Lanming , Xie Lu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeoantigens can be differentially recognized by T cell receptor (TCR) as these sequences are derived from mutant proteins and are unique to the tumor. The discovery of neoantigens is the first key step for tumor-specific antigen (TSA) based immunotherapy. Based on high-throughput tumor genomic analysis, each missense mutation can potentially give rise to multiple neopeptides, resulting in a vast total number, but only a small percentage of these peptides may achieve immune-dominant status with a given major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I allele. Specific identification of immunogenic candidate neoantigens is consequently a major challenge. Currently almost all neoantigen prediction tools are based on genomics data. Here we report the construction of proteogenomics prediction of neoantigen (ProGeo-neo) pipeline, which incorporates the following modules: mining tumor specific antigens from next-generation sequencing genomic and mRNA expression data, predicting the binding mutant peptides to class I MHC molecules by latest netMHCpan (v.4.0), verifying MHC-peptides by MaxQuant with mass spectrometry proteomics data searched against customized protein database, and checking potential immunogenicity of T-cell-recognization by additional screening methods. ProGeo-neo pipeline achieves proteogenomics strategy and the neopeptides identified were of much higher quality as compared to those identified using genomic data only. The pipeline was constructed based on the genomics and proteomics data of Jurkat leukemia cell line but is generally applicable to other solid cancer research. With massively parallel sequencing and proteomics profiling increasing, this proteogenomics workflow should be useful for neoantigen oriented research and immunotherapy.