bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insurrections populaires dans le Sud global : un retour de la lutte des classes sans classes ?
Authors: Braga Ruy 
Published: December 2018

Dans divers contextes nationaux, la crise de la globalisation qui s’est ouverte en 2008 a accentué l’adoption par les gouvernements concernés de politiques néolibérales. Elles ont été caractérisées par de profondes transformations, notamment l’affaiblissement des protections sociales, qui a conduit à une accentuation de la précarisation du travail. La détérioration de la relation salariale fordiste et l’augmentation du chômage ont permis dans des pays très divers, une croissance du travail informel enlevant aux travailleurs leur protection contractuelle, augmentant l’instabilité de l’emploi (accélération des taux de rotation et intermittence). Les négociations collectives sont devenues de plus en plus décentralisées et les contrats de travail plus précaires et individualisés, détruisant la capacité protectrice de « l’économie morale des pauvres » et faisant de l’action directe l’unique alternative possible pour que le « précariat » puisse exprimer ses revendications. Peut-on parler d’un retour à la « lutte des classes sans classes » ? C’est la question à laquelle cet article tente de répondre à partir de la comparaison des expériences de classe des travailleurs pauvres et précaires dans trois pays considérés comme appartenant au Sud global : Portugal, Afrique du Sud et Brésil.
Development of Alumni and Employer Opinion Survey Instruments for Athletic Training Education Programs
Authors: Carr W. David , Volberding Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

Context: Measurements of the opinions of alumni and employers are utilized by many athletic training education programs (ATEPs). Information obtained from such measurements can be useful in determining the strengths and weaknesses of a program.
Objective: To describe the development of two instruments designed to elicit the opinions of recent athletic training (AT) graduates and employers of AT graduates. The Athletic Training Alumni Opinion Survey (ATAOS) and Athletic Training Employer Opinion Survey (ATEOS). Design and Setting: A critical review of the instruments by groups of recent AT graduates, employers of recent AT graduates, and ATEP directors established validity. To determine reliability, we used a test-retest method in which participants completed the assessment twice.
Participants: We solicited recent graduates (n = 121 first completion and n = 52 for second completion) from a random sample of accredited ATEPs across the nation. Participants gave us permission to contact their employers (n = 47 first completion and n = 23 second completion).
Data Collection and Analysis: We collected data via Qualtics (Qualtrics, Inc., Provo, UT). For our analysis, we entered test-retest data into SPSS 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). For both alumni and employers, we calculated Cronbach's alpha scores for each variable on the first completion set of data and Pearson product correlations between the first completion and second completion data set for each variable.
Results: Cronbach's alpha scores for both the ATAOS (〈= .820) and ATEOS (〈= .971) instruments were high. Correlation values for each variable were moderate to high except for one variable within the ATAOS instrument (Importance of Advising) and one variable within the ATEOS instrument (Foundation Professional Behavior of Legal Practice).
Conclusions: We have developed a valid and reliable set of instruments that we hope all accredited ATEPs use as part of their overall assessment system.
Current Literature Summary
Authors: Doherty-Restrepo Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

Introduction
The clinical integration proficiencies in the 5th edition of the Athletic Training Education Competencies require students to demonstrate the ability to synthesize and incorporate their knowledge and skills to make appropriate decisions in clinical practice. Research suggests that critical thinking promotes appropriate clinical decision-making and improves clinical practice. We will provide brief synopses of current research on critical thinking and discuss possible applications to athletic training education, research, and practice.
Monitoring agricultural productivity for sustainable production and R&D planning
Authors: Laborde David , Piñeiro Valeria 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Argentina’s G20 presidency has emphasized the need to improve soil management and sustainably increase agricultural productivity to achieve an inclusive and resilient food future. While increased agricultural productivity can improve economic welfare and help address food security problems by benefiting both consumers and producers simultaneously, it also must address the depletion of already scarce natural resources. In the context of a changing climate, sustainable and resilient agricultural production forms a major cornerstone of both adaptation and mitigation strategies. The global community needs to have the proper tools with which to monitor sustainable agricultural productivity gains, identify countries and sectors lagging behind, and commit R&D efforts accordingly to address the challenges ahead. As such, it is suggested that 1) an international consortium should monitor agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) to provide international comparisons and track performance over time; 2) the G20 should acknowledge and address the issue of sustainable productivity measurement, and; 3) the G20 should support more in-depth research into the relationship between agricultural TFP and agricultural R&D.
Computation and analysis of atmospheric carbon dioxide annual mean growth rates from satellite observations during 2003–2016
Authors: Buchwitz Michael , Reuter Maximilian , Schneising Oliver , Noël Stefan , Gier Bettina , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P. , Boesch Hartmut , Anand Jasdeep , Parker Robert J. , Somkuti Peter , Detmers Rob G. , Hasekamp Otto P. , Aben Ilse , Butz André , Kuze Akihiko , Suto Hiroshi , Yoshida Yukio , Crisp David , O'Dell Christopher 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) reflects the net
effect of emissions and uptake resulting from anthropogenic and natural
carbon sources and sinks. Annual mean CO2 growth rates have been
determined from satellite retrievals of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions
of CO2, i.e. XCO2, for the years 2003 to 2016. The XCO2
growth rates agree with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) growth rates from CO2 surface observations within the uncertainty
of the satellite-derived growth rates (mean difference ± standard
deviation: 0.0±0.3 ppm year−1; R: 0.82). This new and independent data
set confirms record-large growth rates of around 3 ppm year−1
in 2015 and 2016, which are attributed to the 2015–2016 El Niño. Based on a comparison of
the satellite-derived growth rates with human CO2 emissions from fossil
fuel combustion and with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices, we
estimate by how much the impact of ENSO dominates the impact of fossil-fuel-burning-related emissions in explaining the variance of the atmospheric
CO2 growth rate. Our analysis shows that the ENSO impact on CO2
growth rate variations dominates that of human emissions throughout the
period 2003–2016 but in particular during the period 2010–2016 due to strong
La Niña and El Niño events. Using the derived growth rates and their
uncertainties, we estimate the probability that the impact of ENSO on the
variability is larger than the impact of human emissions to be 63 % for the
time period 2003–2016. If the time period is restricted to 2010–2016, this
probability increases to 94 %.
Observação direta da turbulência atmosférica na pluma emitida por uma Usina Termoelétrica
Authors: Martins Luís Gustavo Nogueira , Acevedo Otávio Costa , Puhales Franciano Scremin , Oliveira Pablo Eli Soares De , Teichrieb Cláudio Alberto , Silva Samuel , Demarco Giuliano , Costa Felipe Denardin 
Published: December 2018

A micrometeorological tower with 11 levels of turbulence observation has been in operation near to the Linhares Geração SA Thermoelectric Plant since August 2016. In particular cases, when the wind blows towards the tower, it is possible to observe directly the physical characteristics of the emitted plume, such as the turbulence and fluxes inside the emitted plume. In the present work, a case is analyzed in which it has occurred. The analysis shows that these events are characterized by an increase in the airwind speed and temperature fluctuations, which starts exactly when the wind direction becomes south, direction which the power plant is located in relation to the tower. Next, it is proved that these events of increase of the fluctuations are in fact turbulent signs, the spectra of the observed time series during the period follow the Law of Kolmogorov. Finally, it is presented the temporal evolutions of the vertical profiles of turbulent kinetic energy and heat turbulent fluxes in the period of the plume passage by the tower.
Incidence of Thyroid Carcinoma Among Patients With Hyper and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Nayci Ali Emre , Arikan Soykan , Akkus Onder , Segmen Ozgur , Gunver Feray 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
Our aim was to determine the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and to demonstrate whether hyperthyroidism is actually a protective state against carcinoma.

Background:
In endemic regions for goiter such as Turkey, the rate of cancer is reported to be lower among patients with hyperthyroidism than those with hypothyroidism. However, we observed in our clinic that carcinoma incidence in patients with hyperthyroidism is at least as high as those with hypo-euthyroidism.

Methods:
Cases of bilateral total thyroidectomy performed in the Istanbul Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic between the years 2000 and 2014 were retrospectively examined. Age, gender, hormone levels, and postoperative pathological diagnoses were independently compared.

Results:
Data from 1200 patients was analyzed. Mean age was 49.2. Of the patients 220 (17.5%) were male and 990 (82.5%) were female; 722 of the female patients had benign pathologies and 268 had malignant pathologies, whereas 144 of the male patients had benign and 66 had malignant pathologies. Compared by age, no significant difference was detected in pathological diagnoses and hormone levels. Comparing the pathological diagnoses according to hormone levels, rate of malignancy was significantly higher in patients with hyperthyroidism than those with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism.

Conclusions:
Unlike what is previously accepted, hyperthyroid patients also carry a risk for thyroid carcinoma. Thus, these patients should be followed up for cancer at least as closely as those with hypothyroidism and euthyroidism.
Relationship between classroom plan types and the degree of concentration of the children in elementary schools: A comparative study of open‐plan classrooms and conventional‐plan classrooms
Authors: Ito Keiko , Yokoyama Yurika 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, the authors collected the data of 229 classrooms in 15 municipal elementary schools in a city, and sorted them into 5 categories according to the degree of openness of the classrooms in the design of borders between classroom and hallway. First, the authors examined the influence of 5 major factors on the degree of concentration of the children during classwork. As a result, the following were found: (1) the degree of concentration of the children is influenced by the classroom plan type and the number and ratio of children in the class who require special supports, and is neither affected by teaching experience of the teacher nor the total number of the children in the class. (2) The general trend of concentration of children in full‐open classrooms does not differ significantly from that in conventional classrooms. However, in the classrooms equipped with movable partition panels for partially separating the classroom from the hallway, it is significantly lower than in the classrooms of other types. The factors of distraction in physical environments were then further analyzed and discussed.
Achieving Amorphous Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence by Coassembling Planar Small Organic Molecules with Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Wu Hongwei , Chi Weijie , Chen Zhao , Liu Guofeng , Gu Long , Bindra Anivind Kaur , Yang Guangbao , Liu Xiaogang , Zhao Yanli 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDevelopment of novel strategies for achieving amorphous ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) at room temperature is highly desired. Herein, a simple approach is reported by coassembling small organic molecules with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to afford amorphous UOP. These small organic molecules with planar conformation present quenched triplet state emission in an excessive stacking solid state. When coassembling these molecules with PVA, their planar structures are well confined in coassembly films. Such a confined environment leads to restricted molecular rotation and vibration, permitting these molecules to show stable triplet state and generate UOP. In control studies, corresponding structurally distorted molecules are also coassembled with PVA. However, they exhibit very weak or quenched UOP, since distorted structures with molecular rotation and vibration could easily dissipate the excitation energy in dilute film state. By employing this polymer confinement strategy, multicomponent luminescence dyes are further coassembled with PVA for multicolor luminescence displays, providing multicolor, uniform, and flexible luminescence films. This work demonstrates a general strategy of employing small organic molecules to coassemble with PVA to obtain amorphous UOP, which greatly expands the scope of organic molecules for developing simple but useful UOP films.
Self‐Powered MoS2–PDPP3T Heterotransistor‐Based Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Sun Mengxing , Yang Pengfei , Xie Dan , Sun Yilin , Xu Jianlong , Ren Tianling , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhotodetectors based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have been demonstrated to exhibit good photodetecting capabilities. However, the relatively large bandgap of monolayer MoS2 has inhibited its application in near‐infrared (NIR) photodetectors. Here, the narrow‐bandgap organic semiconductor poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐terthiophene) (PDPP3T) is firstly introduced to the monolayer MoS2 transistor as a NIR light absorbing layer. The MoS2–PDPP3T heterojunction‐based transistor (heterotransistor) shows a broadband photodetecting range from ultraviolet (UV) to NIR region. About one or two orders of magnitude improvement of photoresponsivities have been realized for the MoS2–PDPP3T heterotransistor compared with that of MoS2 transistor. Moreover, due to the formation of MoS2–PDPP3T heterojunction and asymmetric electrodes, the MoS2–PDPP3T heterotransistor shows the self‐powered behavior under zero bias voltage. Flexible MoS2–PDPP3T heterostructure photodetector is also fabricated on the poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate with reliable performance, which enables a promising photodetection platform for future wearable optoelectronics.
Doping Effect on Conducting Polymer‐Metal Schottky DC Generators
Authors: Shao Hao , Fang Jian , Wang Hongxia , Zhou Hua , Niu Haitao , Chen Fanyan , Yan Guilong , Fu Sida , Cao Yuying , Lin Tong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractConducting polymer‐metal Schottky diodes show an interesting mechanical energy‐to‐electricity conversion ability to generate direct current (DC) power without rectification. However, little is reported about how dopants in conducting polymer affect the energy conversion behavior of Schottky diodes. In this study, a novel effect of dopants on mechanical energy‐to‐DC electricity conversion of conducting polymer‐metal Schottky devices is demonstrated. Using polyaniline (PANI) as a model, conducting polymers doped with a series of protonic acids is prepared. Without dopant, the device exhibits low mechanical‐to‐electrical outputs. Protonic acid doping enhances device energy conversion ability, and the dopant molecular dimension plays a significant part in deciding device performance. When HCl is used as dopant, the PANI device could produce peak outputs of 0.9 V and 33.9 µA cm−2 under compressive impact. These novel understandings foster the design of DC generators for various applications.
The array of clinical phenotypes of males with mutations in Methyl‐CpG binding protein 2
Authors: Neul Jeffrey L. , Benke Timothy A. , Marsh Eric D. , Skinner Steven A. , Merritt Jonathan , Lieberman David N. , Standridge Shannon , Feyma Timothy , Heydemann Peter , Peters Sarika , Ryther Robin , Jones Mary , Suter Bernhard , Kaufmann Walter E. , Glaze Daniel G. , Percy Alan K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMutations in the X‐linked gene MECP2 are associated with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, Rett syndrome (RTT), primarily in girls. It had been suspected that mutations in Methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2) led to embryonic lethality in males, however such males have been reported. To enhance understanding of the phenotypic spectrum present in these individuals, we identified 30 males with MECP2 mutations in the RTT Natural History Study databases. A wide phenotypic spectrum was observed, ranging from severe neonatal encephalopathy to cognitive impairment. Two males with a somatic mutation in MECP2 had classic RTT. Of the remaining 28 subjects, 16 had RTT‐causing MECP2 mutations, 9 with mutations that are not seen in females with RTT but are likely pathogenic, and 3 with uncertain variants. Two subjects with RTT‐causing mutations were previously diagnosed as having atypical RTT; however, careful review of the clinical history determined that an additional 12/28 subjects met criteria for atypical RTT, but with more severe clinical presentation and course, and less distinctive RTT features, than females with RTT, leading to the designation of a new diagnostic entity, male RTT encephalopathy. Increased awareness of the clinical spectrum and widespread comprehensive genomic testing in boys with neurodevelopmental problems will lead to improved identification.
High‐Yield and Damage‐free Exfoliation of Layered Graphdiyne in Aqueous Phase
Authors: Yan Hailong , Yu Ping , Han Guangchao , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Yi Yuanping , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang , Mao Lanqun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe two‐dimensional carbon material graphdiyne (GDY) holds great promise as a semiconductor and porous material, however, exfoliation of bulk GDY into single‐ or few‐layered GDY in the aqueous phase remains a challenge. We report an efficient method for the damage‐free exfoliation of bulk GDY into single‐ or few‐layered GDY with high yield in an aqueous solution of inorganic salts (e.g., Li2SiF6). This was confirmed by spherical‐aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared/Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The method gives high exfoliation efficiency (75 wt %) without creating additional structural defects or oxides in the exfoliated GDY. Theoretical calculations suggest that non‐covalent adsorption of the anion, diffusion of the cation, and subsequent repulsive forces between adjacent flakes are the main driving force for the efficient exfoliation.
Round‐the‐Clock Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production with High Efficiency by a Long‐Afterglow Material
Authors: Cui Guanwei , Yang Xiuli , Zhang Yujia , Fan Yaqi , Chen Ping , Cui Hongyu , Liu Yan , Shi Xifeng , Shang Qiaoyan , Tang Bo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong afterglow materials can store and release light energy after illumination. A brick‐like, micrometer‐sized Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+ long‐afterglow material is used for hydrogen production by the photocatalytic reforming of methanol under round‐the‐clock conditions for the first time, achieving a solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 5.18 %. This material is one of the most efficient photocatalysts and provides the possibility of practical use on a large scale. Its remarkable photocatalytic activity is attributed to its unique carrier migration path and large number of lattice defects. These findings expand the application scope of long afterglow materials and provide a new strategy to design efficient photocatalysts by constructing trap levels that can prolong carrier lifetimes.
Achieving Efficient Incorporation of π‐Electrons into Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Markedly Improved Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Dandan , Iocozzia James , Du Haiwei , Liu Xueqin , Yuan Yupeng , Zhou Wei , Li Zhen , Xue Zhaoming , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA rapid and highly efficient strategy for introducing C into g‐C3N4 involves copolymerizing π‐electron‐rich barbituric acid with melamine via a facile microwave‐assisted heating, thereby eliminating the issues in conventional electric furnace heating, such as the severe volatilization, owing to the mismatch of the sublimation temperatures of barbituric acid and melamine. The g‐C3N4 catalyst after optimizing the C‐doping content actively generates increased amounts of H2 under visible light exposure with the highest H2 generation rate of 25.0 μmol h−1, which is nearly 20 times above that using g‐C3N4 produced by conventional electric furnace heating of two identical monomers (1.3 μmol h−1). As such, the microwave‐assisted heating strategy may stand out as an extremely simple route to incorporating π‐electrons into g‐C3N4 with markedly improved photocatalytic performance.
A Masked Cuprous Hydride as a Catalyst for Carbonyl Hydrosilylation in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ritter Florian , Mukherjee Debabrata , Spaniol Thomas P. , Hoffmann Alexander , Okuda Jun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRedox‐unstable cuprous hydridotriphenylborate was isolated as an N‐heterocyclic carbene adduct [(IPr)Cu(HBPh3)] (IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) with good thermal stability. Although this compound displays a contact ion‐pair structure, CuIH‐like catalytic activity was envisaged in carbonyl hydrosilylation. Sufficient moisture stability allowed the catalysis in aqueous/organic media. Mechanistic study further showed that a phenyl group on the borate anion is abstracted by [(IPr)Cu]+ to give the cationic organocopper complex [(IPr)2Cu2(μ‐Ph)][BPh4].
Rapid Construction of Structurally Diverse Quinolizidines, Indolizidines, and Their Analogues via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cascade Hydrogenation/Reductive Amination
Authors: Chen Ya , He Yan‐Mei , Zhang Shanshan , Miao Tingting , Fan Qing‐Hua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA rapid construction of enantioenriched benzo‐fused quinolizidines, indolizidines, and their analogues by ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric cascade hydrogenation/reductive amination of quinolinyl‐ and quinoxalinyl‐containing ketones has been developed. This reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions, affording chiral benzo‐fused aliphatic N‐heterocyclic compounds with structural diversity in good yields (up to 95 %) with excellent diastereoselectivity (up to >20:1 dr) and enantioselectivity (up to >99 % ee). Furthermore, this catalytic protocol is applicable to the formal synthesis of (+)‐gephyrotoxin.