bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Wearable Vision-To-Audio Sensory Substitution Device for Blind Assistance and the Correlated Neural Substrates
Authors: Ye Yaozu , Wang Kaiwei , Hu Weijian , Li Huabing , Yang Kailun , Sun Lei , Chen Zuobing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There are a very few people who have the ability to “see” the surroundings by the echoes, which is called echolocation. The study of the brain mechanism of echolocation can not only help to improve the blind assistance device, but also provides a window into the research of brain’s plasticity. In this paper, we developed a wearable system to transform the spatial information captured by camera into a voice description and fed it back to blind users which is inspired by echolocation. After our online virtual scene training, users can easily discriminate object location in the camera’s view, motion of the objects, even shape of the objects. Compared with natural echolocation, it’s easier to learn and be applied in daily life. In addition, the device achieves high spacial resolution. In this study, two trained blind subjects and two non-trained sighted subjects were tested by using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). We obtain the fMRI images of the subjects’ brain activity when they were listening to the sound of the wearable prototype. Intriguingly, we find that after training with the blind assistance system, the blind’ visual area of the brain have been activated when they are dealing with the acoustic feedback from the device.
Image Completion Based on Gans with a New Loss Function
Authors: Huang Ying , Wang Maorui , Qian Ying , Lin Shuohao , Yang Xiaohan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Recently, many approaches based on deep learning have demonstrated amazing capabilities in varieties of challenging image tasks, such as image classification, object detection, semantic and instance segmentation, and so on. These methods are more capable of extracting deeper features than traditional methods, which is critical for different kinds of image tasks. Similarly, these methods are gradually applied to the work of image completion of natural images. In consideration of the fact that most of the current methods would lead to blurring and fake results, we propose an image completion method based on the generation adversarial network. We use the network structure of the encoder and decoder to obtain the high-level feature information of the image and generate reasonable pixel values to fill the missing regions. Besides, we construct a new joint loss function based on SSIM evaluation indicators, which can retain the similarity between two images as much as possible. Our proposed method can keep the completion regions consistent with the surrounding pixels, which makes the images look more realistic. We evaluate on our datasets with our proposed method and compare with other methods in this paper, our results are sharper and more realistic than the previous ones.
Face Anti-Spoofing Using Texture-Based Techniques and Filtering Methods
Authors: Hasan Md Rezwan , Hasan Mahmud S M , Li Xiang Yu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
User authentication for an accurate biometric system is the demand of the hour in today’s world. When somebody attempts to take on the appearance of another person by introducing a phony face or video before the face detection camera and gets illegitimate access, a face presentation attack usually happens. To effectively protect the privacy of a person, it is very critical to build a face authentication and anti-spoofing system. This paper introduces a novel and appealing face spoof detection technique, which is primarily based on the study of contrast and dynamic texture features of both seized and spoofed photos. Valid identification of photo spoofing is anticipated here. A modified version of the DoG filtering method, and local binary pattern variance (LBPV) based technique, which is invariant to rotation, are designated to be used in this paper. Support vector machine (SVM) is used when feature vectors are extracted for further analysis. The publicly available NUAA photo-imposter database is adapted to test the system, which includes facial images with different illumination and area. The accuracy of the method can be assessed using the false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR). The results express that our method performs better on key indices compared to other state-of-the-art techniques following the provided evaluation protocols tested on a similar dataset.
Alarm Audit and Enforcement: Automating the Integrity of Alarms for Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Ault T. , Yang L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This work details the development of a continuous monitoring system technology to track the compliance of alarms in a manufacturing environment. A problem arose due to having simultaneous capital projects and continual process optimization work at several production sites. With continual changes to the control systems, a project was developed to ensure that alarm adjustments never violated established safety thresholds for systems. A technique was used to rationalize alarms using a risk based objective analysis to establish safety thresholds for each alarm. Then a tool was developed that continually cross-referenced alarm safety server with process control network to immediately notify management and engineering of any adjustments that violated alarm and safety rules for the site. This work led both to improved site safety and to an improvement of alarm metrics due to greater confidence in adjusting alarms with this audit tool. One site saw a monthly reduction of the quantity alarms by 55% and the elimination of alarm floods.
Experiment and Simulation on Heavy Oil Production with Steam Flooding in Heterogeneous Reservoir
Authors: Maneeintr K , Sasaki K , Boonpramote T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Heavy oil has long been known as one of the main energy sources due to the huge amount of reserves. Heavy oil production depends on reservoir characteristics like permeability, reservoir pressure as well as oil viscosity. The difficulty to produce this oil is its high viscosity. The practical technology to produce this heavy oil is to use steam as steam-flooding method to reduce oil viscosity. However, the huge energy consumption in steam-flooding operation can impact the operating cost as well as a project life. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to measure the viscosity and correlate the results with temperature and to simulate the oil production by using STARS, a CMG program. Moreover, the effects of parameters like well distance, injection rate and permeability on the oil production are also investigated. The simulation results show that oil viscosity and permeability play significant roles in heavy oil production. Also, the higher oil recovery can be obtained by increasing the steam injection rate and shorten the well spacing. These conditions can be applied to use in the real field for heavy oil production. The major benefit of this practice is to reduce the steam consumption and fuel costs and increase more oil production thus extending the economic project life.
Potential and future: utilization of waste material on strength characteristics of marine clay
Authors: Jamaludin N , Mohd Yunus N Z , Jusoh S N , Pakir F , Ayub A , Zainuddin N E , Hezmi M A , Mashros Nordiana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The utilization of waste materials has been a sustainable approach to soil improvement that took an interest in a number of researchers. Statistics show that out of the 76 percent of solid waste that is collected in Malaysia, only 5% is recycled while 95% of waste were dumped at landfills. This shows that there is a need to reutilize waste materials. This paper aims to discuss the different types of waste materials which are demolished tile material (DTM), demolished concrete material (DCM) and coal ash waste to improve the properties of marine clay. Experimental studies have been conducted by varying percentages of waste materials ranging from 5 – 15% with curing periods of 0, 7 and 28 days. Unconfined compressive strength test (UCS) was performed in order to determine the strength of these mixtures. The results obtained were that for both DCM and coal ash waste when mixed with marine clay would increase the strength of soil with increasing curing period. While for DTM, the strength of soil decreases with the immediate addition of additive but will later increase its strength gradually. Hence, the outcome obtained from this study is that both DCM and coal ash is suitable for the stabilization of marine clay soil while DTM is suitable for long term stabilization on marine clay.
Effect of water salinity on the compaction of Sabkha soils
Authors: Messad Ali , Yahia Debbab Oussama , Moussai Belkacem 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Algeria is nowadays bustling with extensive infrastructure projects (highways, roads, railways, etc) where most of them are planned to be constructed over areas covered with Sabkha soils. These soils are recent saline sediments widely distributed in Algeria and other countries. In this study, the effect of water salinity on the compaction characteristics of the Sabkha soils of Chott El-Hodna (Algeria) was investigated. The standard Proctor tests were performed using distilled water and Sabkha brine, and the compaction characteristics were determined using conventional water content and fluid content methods. The results indicate that the conventional water content procedure used to plot the compaction curve overestimate the maximum dry unit weight and underestimate the optimum moisture content.
Computation of vertical bearing capacity factor Nc of strip footing by FEM
Authors: Ty Phuor , S H Harahap Indra , Cheng Yee Ng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Thispaper presents the computation of vertical bearing capacity factor N
c of the smooth and rough strip footings using the finite element algorithm based elasto-viscoplasticstrain method. The soil behaviour is idealized as elastic perfectly plastic satisfying the Mohr Coulomb yield criterion with only non-associated flow rules because it tends to treat the actual behaviour of soil in which value of its frictional angle is always different from that of dilative angle. The bearing resistance is computed using the superposition assumption in Terzaghi classical equation in the way that the surcharge pressure and the unit weight of soil are neglected. Consequently, N
c is determined. The comparison of the present solutions with the previous published works including experimental and numerical studies have been presented and discussed. The results reveal in close agreement with the existing published data. In the nutshell, by applying the non-associated soil flow rule representing the real behaviour of soil, the conservation of the superposition assumption is confirmed. Therefore, it could conclude that the results obtaining from these techniques may be confidently applied to a wide range of soil bearing resistance problems. The magnitudes of the factors for a rough footing base provide the same values as the smooth footing for the entire range of soil friction angles (phi).
Geochemistry characterisation of marine clay
Authors: Saleh Samaila , Asmawisham Alel Mohd Nur , Mohd Yunus Nor Zurairahetty , Ahmad Kamarudin , Ali Nazri , Abang Hasbollah Dayang Zulaika , Asnida Abdullah Rini 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In evaluating a suitable type of stabiliser, investigating geochemical characteristics is important for improving the properties of soil. This paper assessed the geochemistry of marine clay samples collected from Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. The parameters investigated were pH, loss on ignition (LOI) and the quantities of sulphate, chloride, nitrate and carbonate ions. The results revealed that the clay was an acidic soil with pH of 3.25 and containing 8% of organic matter. The clay also contained 6,071 mg/l, 281 mg/l and 22 mg/l of sulphate, chloride and nitrate ions, respectively. Sulphate and chloride ions from acid rain and decomposed organic matters are the leading causes of acidity found in clay. Further investigation of the physical properties of the soil further indicated that it belonged to a group of clay having high plasticity (CH) and is unsuitable for construction purposes in its natural condition. The concentration of sulphate ions in the clay sample also advocated that the soil is not suitable to be stabilised using cement or lime due to the risk of the formation of a complex compound of calcium sulphoaluminate hydrate (ettringite). Additionally, the sulphate in the marine clay is likely to attack the concrete of the foundation of future infrastructures that may be built in the study area.
Flexural strength properties of porous concrete pavement incorporating nano black rice husk ash
Authors: Jaya R P , Mohamad Idris A , Mohd Ibrahim M Y , Hainin M R , Yaacob H , Hassan N A , Mohd Haziman W I , Ekarizan S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Rice husk ash (RHA) as replacement material in the conventional concrete mixture has widely investigated around the world. However, there is a lack of study on nanoparticle produced from black rice husk ash (BRHA) used as a replacement material in porous concrete pavement mixture. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the flexural strength properties of porous concrete pavement containing nano black rice husk ash. A nano BRHA dosage of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight of binder used throughout the experiments. The total cementitious content used was 450 kg/m3 with a water/binder ratio of 0.34. It found that there appears to be an optimum replacement of approximately 10% nano BRHA, during which time the flexural strength and flexural activity index increase significantly.
Drivers behaviour on expressways: headway and speed relationships
Authors: Puan O. C. , Mohamed A. , Idham M. K. , Ismail C. R. , Hainin M. R. , Ahmad M. S. A. , Mokhtar A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper describes result of a study on driver’s car following behaviour on Malaysian high-speed highways. Drivers’ car following behaviour can considered as one of the main factors that causes road accidents to occur such as rear end collision between vehicles on highways. The aim of the study was to examine the safe following distance adopted by drivers on expressways at various operating speeds. An automatic traffic recording device attached with pneumatic tubes was used to record traffic movement at three selected expressway segments in Malaysia for six consecutive days. More than one hundred thirty three thousand (133,000) headway and speed data were involved in the analysis. The distance headway and associated speed collected were classified into five vehicle following categories by vehicle type, i.e. all vehicles, car following car, car following heavy goods vehicle (HGV), HGV following HGV, and HGV following car. Linear regression models were used to develop relationship between distance headway and speed. The relationships developed can be regarded as reliable since the R2-values for each of the relationships is in the range of 0.80 to 0.99 and can be used to estimate a safe following distance perceived by a driver at a given speed. The driver’s average response time on an expressway is 3.06 sec which is 1.9 sec longer than those who are driving on a two-lane single-carriageway road. Such a variation in response time indicates that the level of aggressiveness of drivers on a two-lane single-carriageway road are higher than the drivers on an expressway.
Walkability assessment tool for a developing country
Authors: Nasrin S. , Afifah F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Dhaka, which is the capital city of Bangladesh, significant percentages of commuters walk to meet their daily commuting demand. However, there is scarcity of research in Dhaka for walkability assessment. This research tried to overcome that scarcity by developing a measurement tool to assess the walking environment. Methodological approach adopted by this research is the combination of subjective and objective method. Assessment results were converted into 1-point scale. Results showed that Dhaka is seriously lack of good quality footpath and disable facilities. Excessive noise pollution is also one of the significant issues for pedestrians in Dhaka. Any other similar cities walking environment can be assessed by this approach.
Car following behaviours on multilane highways in Kuwait: a case study on 6th ring road
Authors: Alenzi E. , Puan O. C. , Hassan S. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Reckless driving causes around 35% of all the road accidents in Kuwait. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between speed and headway of traffic for highways in Kuwait. The data were collected at 6th ring road in Kuwait for a week. The data were classified and analysed to estimate the behaviour of small, medium and large cars in addition to trucks. The analysis shows that the 33.68% of the cars are flowing in a speed between 70 and 80 km/hr. The effect of classified car (small, medium, large and truck) to the car-following pattern were determined based on the average headway of the cars. It was found that the Small – Small following pattern has the minimum average headway in all lanes with headway of 1.62 s. Also, the maximum average headway is for Medium – Medium car following pattern with headway of 8.01 s. It was found that there is no relationship between the type of following pattern and the headway in which it supports the previous studies conclusion that only the driver behaviour, weather conditions and road quality affect the headway. Finally, a linear regression for data was plotted to estimate relationship of the average headway as a function of speed for 16 different following patterns. It was found that the accuracy of linear regression for small and medium cars is larger than the accuracy for large cars and trucks.
Investigation of the microstructure adjustment by velocity variations during the directional solidification of Al-Ag-Cu with the phase-field method
Authors: Hötzer J. , Kellner M. , Kunz W. , Nestler B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Directional solidification is a favored process to manufacture homogeneous microstructures which lead to macroscopically unique properties for a material. The dependence of the spacing and type of the arising microstructure from the solidification velocity for constant velocities is extensively investigated. However the effect of changes in the solidification velocity on the resulting microstructure adjustment processes is still unclear. Therefore large-scale (3D+t) simulations of the ternary eutectic system Ag-Al-Cu with changing solidification velocities are conducted with a phase-field model based on the grand potential approach. To study the spatially complex rearrangement process during velocity changes in statistical representative volume elements, simulations with different velocity profiles are calculated in large-scale domains. The results show, that the evolving microstructure continuously rearranges by splitting and merging of the rods despite constant growth conditions. By increasing the velocity, the microstructure refines by splitting of the Al2Cu phase. Whereas by decreasing the velocity, the microstructure coarsens by overgrowing events of both intermetallic phases.
Solidification path and phase transformation in super-austenitic stainless steel UNS S31254
Authors: Marin Raphaël , Combeau Hervé , Zollinger Julien , Dehmas Moukrane , Rouat Bernard , Lamontagne Aude , Cardinaux David , Lhenry-Robert Lucile 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The solidification path and the σ-phase precipitation mechanism of UNS S31254 alloy were studied on the basis of directional solidified experiments accompanied by scanning electron microscopy observations and energy dispersive X-ray a nalysis. The resulting temperatures of solidification paths and phase transformation were compared with Gulliver-Scheil and equilibrium calculations predicted using ThermoCalc© software. It was confirmed that the experimental solidification path was in agreement with the thermodynamic calculations. The complementarity of the results have made it possible to propose a solidification path and a σ-phase precipitation mechanism for the UNS31254 steel.
Impact of gravity-related phenomena on the grain structure formation: comparative study between horizontal and vertical solidification of a refined Al-20wt.%Cu alloy
Authors: Soltani H , Reinhart G , Benoudia M C , Zahzouh M , Nguyen-Thi H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
On earth, gravity-related phenomena are unavoidable, such as thermo-solutal convection caused by density gradients in the melt and buoyancy when the liquid phase is denser than the solid phase. Such phenomena can drastically affect both the grain density and their morphology during equiaxed solidification processes. For these reasons, fundamental studies comparing the influence of solidification parameters with and without gravity effects are important to obtain benchmark data, which are useful to understand and then control the final structure of materials in industrial processes. In the present work, the impact of the solidification parameters on the dendritic grain structure formation and on the final grain size and shape was investigated in situ by using X-radiography for different growth orientations with respect to gravity. In a first step, experiments were carried out with various solidification parameters and with the furnace in horizontal position, with the main surface of the sample being perpendicular to gravity to limit gravity-related phenomena. In a second step, experiments were carried out with identical solidification parameters but with the furnace in a vertical position, and for two solidification directions (upward and downward). A comparative study between horizontal and vertical experiments was carried out. Phenomena related to gravity have been highlighted and their respective impact on the solidification front propagation was analysed.
Microstructure in A356/AA6xxx after bimetallic casting with flux coating
Authors: Opsal Bakke Aina , Arnberg Lars , Li Yanjun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This work focuses on bimetallic casting between A356 alloy melt and profiles of AA6xxx wrought aluminum alloys through a gravity casting process, with the aim to improve the component’s mechanical properties. However, combining two aluminum alloys is difficult due to the stable aluminum oxide present on the surface of the aluminum inserts and the advancing liquid melt front. The oxide layer strongly reduces the wettability between aluminum melt and solid metal. It will also prevent diffusion and formation of a metallurgical bond. In order to obtain sound metallic bonding between the two alloys, different surface treatments, including flux coating and chemical treatments of the profiles have been tested. The influences of preheating temperature and melt flow modes on the quality of the bimetallic casting have been addressed. Based on a detailed microstructure characterization of the bonding layer in the casting, by using Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), the solidification structure development at the interface has been discussed. Results showed that when flux coating was applied, magnesium diffused to the insert surface and prevented formation of a metallurgical bond. Without flux coating, a metallurgical bond was achieved due to slight melting of the insert surface.