bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eustatic Changes and the Evolution of Palaeogene Larger Foraminifera - A Numeric Analysis
Authors: Saraswati Pratul Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sea-level change is known to have influenced the evolution of marine life. It is examined here how faunal diversity and rates of taxic evolution are related to change in sea-level and stability of the sea-level cycles. Evolutionary metrics of Palaeogene larger foraminifera are calculated and stability of sea-level cycles are determined using number and average duration of third order cycles in each stratigraphic interval. Generic diversity and the rates of origin and extinction individually do not show one to one correspondence either with transgression-regression or with the stability of the sea-level cycles. The rate of extinction relative to the rate of origination, however, is found to be significantly affected by the stability of the sea-level cycles. The rate of extinction exceeds the rate of origin during the periods of low stability. Regression, assisted by unstable sealevel cycles and possibly sharp climatic deterioration caused extinction maxima of larger foraminifera in Late Eocene.
Geochemical Characteristics of the Granites of Bundelkhand Massif, Central India
Authors: Mondal M. E. A. , Zainuddin Syed M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Bundelkhand massif comprises various types of granites. On the basis of field relations, three compositionally distinct granitic phases have been delineated. These are hornblende granite, biotite granite and leuco granite in stratigraphic sequence. The major elements variations against SiO2, display smooth trends which should be expected for a composite massif evolved by fractionai crystallization. The variations of incompatible elements compared to the compatible elements suggest a partial melting process for the evolution of the massif.
The Jabalpur Earthquake of May 22, 1997
Authors: Gupta H. K. , Chadha R. K. , Rao M. N. , Narayana B. L. , Mandal P. , Ravi Kumar M. , Kumar N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Jabalpur earthquake of magnitude 5.8 occurred on May 22, 1997 along seismically active Narmada-Son Lineament (NSL) in central India, with its epicenter about 30 km southeast of Jabalpur. A maximum intensity Io = VIII on MM scale was observed in Jabalpur and surrounding region. The isoseismal map prepared for this earthquake shows NE-SW trend which in general agrees with the focal mechanism solution indicating thrust faulting along a ENE-WSW fault with minor strike-slip component. Several ground cracks mapped in meizoseismal area show a dominant N75° E trend. The damage pattern of the constructions clearly shows a strong correlation with lithology, structures and soil cover of the area. There are no foreshocks reported for this earthquake and only a few aftershocks are recorded. which warrant a close monitoring of this region.
Syntectonic Growth of Porphyroblasts over Crenulation Cleavages - An Example from the Precambrian Rocks of the Lunavada Group, Gujarat
Authors: Mamtani Manish A. , Karanth R. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Porphyroblasts are known to overgrow crenulation cleavages syntectonicaIly in crenulated schists. However, the timing of growth of such porphyroblasts remains a problem. Whilst some researchers believe that porphyroblasts can syntectonically overgrow crenulation cleavages during the genesis of the crenulation cleavage, there are others who believe that porphyroblasts overgrow crenulation cleavages during an episode of deformation which post-dates the deformation which resulted in the formation of crenulation cleavage. In the present paper we present microstructural . evidence of syntectonic porphyroblasts overgrowing crenulation cleavages from the mica schists of the Lunavada Group of Precambrian rocks occurring in Gujarat. It is concluded that syntectonic porphyroblasts can grow over crenulation cleavages during the same episode of deformation which resulted in the genesis of the crenulation cleavage.
Geology and Geochemistry of Basic Volcanics From the Sakoli Schist Belt of Central India
Authors: Roy Abhinaba , Bandyopadhyay B. K. , Huin A. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Mafic volcanic suite exposed mainly in the eastern part of the Sakoli schist belt comprises the lower part of the Sakoli sequence. The samples are tholeiitic in composilion having moderate M-values (45-62) and lower abundances of Ni, Co and Cr indicative of evolved nature of the magma. Certain major and trace element characteristics and LREE enriched REE patterns suggest magma derivation by low degrees of partial melting of komatiite-like sources.
Groundwater Over Exploitation: A Case Study From Moje-Anepura, Kolar District, Karnataka
Authors: Ballukraya P. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Over a period of 15 years, as many as 84 bore wells were put into operation within an area of 160 hectares. The consequent groundwater over-exploitation led to serious decline in water levels as well as depth to producing zones resulting in the failure of a large number of borewells. The initial trend of increasing area under groundwater irrigation got reversed due to reduced availability of water. The cropping pattern also changed along with groundwater extraction pattern: from predominantly cereals to cash crops. The depth of borewells drilled has been on the increase each year as shallower aquifers dried up. The yield fluctuation in the pre-and post-monsoon periods has indicated that recharge is largely restricted to about 60m depth and therefore, the optimum depth of borewells in the study area should not exceed this limit. The present practice of tapping deeper fracture aquifers is a case of groundwater mining, without any aonual replenishment occurring and will lead to severe problems in the near future.
Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Infratrappean Limestones from Central and Western India and Their Depositional Environment
Authors: Bhattacharya S. K. , Jani R. A. , Tripathi S. C. , Lahiri T. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The lowermost formation of the Bagh Group, the Nimar Sandstone, was deposited in fresh water whereas the upper two formations, the Nodular and Coralline Limestones were deposited in marine environment There is a distinct signature of diagenetic alteration in the oxygen isotopic ratios but the carbon isotopic ratios did not change signi ficantly. The marine transgression from the continental Nimar period to upper Limestone period was extremely rapid in all four sections (Mogra, Rampura, Acharkunda and Bariya) examined. However, the subsequent regression during the onset of the Lameta period was slow and fluctuating. The oxygen isotope ratios of some limestones from the Kawant area (Mogra section, Nodular Limestone Formation) are unusually low probably due to thermal alteration effected by intrusion of the nearby Ambadongar Carbonatite at a later date.
Possible Lava Channels and Tubes from the Siwana Caldera Sequence, Siwana, Barmer District, Rajasthan
Authors: Bidwai Rajeev , Krishnamurthy P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lava propagating systems comprising channels and tubes from the Siwana caldera sequence of the Malani Igneous Suite are reported at Sain Ki Beri and Dhiran. Their location near the periphery of the ring dyke suggests that these channels may have been fed by the volcanic vents or cones, that were part of the ring which collapsed later.
Pattern and Intensity of Erosion in the Environmentally Stressed Khulgad Watershed, Kumaun Himalaya
Authors: Rawat J. S. , Rai S. P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the Khulgad watershed in the Kosi Valley in the Kumaun Himalaya, the average rate of erosion is 0.07 mm/year or 186 t/km2/year. Tectonic and anthropogenic activities have together appreciably accelerated the rate of erosion. A study over the period of three years (1991-1993) demonstrated that the rate of erosion is 0.19 mm/year (500 tlkm2/year) in the tectonically disturbed land, 0.12 mm/year (315 t/km2/year) in the barren land, and 0.10 mm/year (278 t/km2/year) in the agricultural land, while in the forest lands it varies between 0.02 mm/year (41 t/km2/year) under an oak forest and 0.04 mm/year (100 t/km2/year) under a pine forest. Compared to the intensity of erosion in the least disturbed oak forest, the erosion rate is about 10 times higher in the tectonically disturbed land, and 5 to 8 times higher in the anthropogenically stressed agricultural and barren lands.
Petrography, Mineralogy and Element Distribution in the Charmuria Limestone, Chhattisgarh Basin, M.P.
Authors: das Siddhartha Sankar , Rao C. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Channuria limestone is characterized by grey-black colour, bedding structure, fine grain size and authigenic pyrite cubes. Petrographically a minimicrite, the rock exhibits a texture composed of dark crinkled and light coloured laminae of lime mud. Pyrite has discordant relationship with laminae, whereas silt-sized terrigenous particles are present in the interlaminar areas. Mineralogically the limestone is made up of low Mg-calcite and quartz. Trace element distribution tndicates that the original mineralogy at the time of deposition was calcitic in nature and its distribution in the rock was controlled by the depositional/diagenetic conditions as well as the detrital clastics supplied into the basin. The depositional environment of the limestone is interpreted as shallow marine lagoonal condition and the site of deposition was very near to shore. The dysaerobic to anaerobic condition which is attributable to the restricted circulation of water and the concomitant slow sedimentation rate were responsible for the development of authigenic pyrite and grey-black colour of the limestone.
Palaeocurrent Pattern and Provenance of a Part of Gondwana Succession, Talchir Basin, Orissa
Authors: Das Rajashree , Pandya K. L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Talchir Group and the Karharbari Formation including a Boulder Gravel Unit of Damuda Group had a predominant northerly palaeoflow with a radiating sediment dispersal pattern suggesting a transverse filling of the basin. In contrast, the Barakar sedimentation had a unidirectional northwesterly palaeoflow implying an axial filling. The sediments were largely derived from the Eastern Ghat source which occurs along the southern boundary of the basin. The Talchir Group represents a denudation phase of source area with declining relief manifested by a decreasing mean grain size and increasing complexity in the heavy mineral suite due to unroofing of low rank metamorphic rocks at the source. The Damuda Group represents a syn-and post-tectonic phase of sedimentation displaying differences in tectonic style manifested by source area uplift, basin subsidence and steepening of alluvial surface documented by upward increase in grain size, increased complexity in heavy minerals by exposure of high rank metamorphic rocks at source and post-tectonic drainage deflection towards northwest during Barakar sedimentation.
Effect of River Discharge on the Test Morphology of Benthic Foraminifera, Southeast Coast of India
Authors: Jayaraju N. , Reddi K. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Foraminifera, being extremely sensitive to ever changing marine microhabitat and ecosystem, can respond to and amplify even slight monsoonal rainfall fluctuations, particularly, near river mouth. The effect of river discharge on the test morphology of foraminifera has revealed high inertness of rounded symmetrical morpho-group to furious turbulences coupled with enormous fresh water influx. whereas negative trend is noticed with regard to angular-asymmetrical morpho-group. The results could be highly promising in reconstruction of paleomonsoonal history through morpho-group studies in the coastal fringe.
Chemistry of Garnet and Ilmenite from Majhgawan Diamondiferous Pipe, Panna District vis-a-vis Diamond Potential and Preservation
Authors: Mukherjee Abhijeet , Rao K. S. , Bandyopadhyay D. , Roy Gautam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The compositional trends in ilmenites from Majhgawan indicates slightly increased values of -log f02 i.e., 9.2. The divariant plots of Fe2O3 vs MgO and Cr2O3 vs MgO indicate resorption of most diamonds. The rounded-dedecahendra from indicates a preservation percentage of 65-70. The wine-red garnets from diamondiferous pipe are moderately subcalcic. The CaO vs Cr2O3 plot shows that they fall very close to the 85 percent Gurney line indicating emplacement at the craton margin having moderate diamond content. Geothermobarometry based on the co-existing pyropeknorringite and spinel geothermobarometer for the diamondiferous pipe yielded an equilibration temperature and pressure of 1160°C and 47 KbaT.
Criteria and Techniques of Detecting Site Specific Mechanisms for Artificial Recharge - A Case Study from Ayyar Basin, India
Authors: Ramasamy S. M. , Anbazhagan S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present paper narrates how various types of geological. structural, geomorphological and subsurface geological data have been collected and integrated in various pennutations and combinations to select suitable mechanisms for artificial recharge in Ayyar basin of Tamil Nadu.
First Record of Permian Palynofossils in Sub Surface Sediments of Cauvery Basin, India
Authors: Basavaraju M. H. , Govindan A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A rich assemblage of radial monosaccate genera Parasaccites, Plicatipollenites, virkkipollenites.Potoneisporites associated with Trilete spores and Leiosphaeridia suggestive of Early Permian age have been recorded for the first time in well Pundi-B. Drilled in Cauvery Basin (Tanjore sub-basin).
Fluid Inclusion Study of Vein and Bedded-Type Barite of Cuddapah Basin, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Mukherjee Abhijeet , Ballurkar Ashok 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fluid inclusion study is carried out on the vein and bedded-type barite of the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin of Andhra Pradesh. In the case of vein barite, primary inclusions are mostly monophase and liquid-rich biphase (L+ V), with their freezing temperatures indicating their composition as H2O+NaCI±KCl and density of the ore forming fluids as 0.901 to 0.944 g/cm3. The primary liquid-rich biphase (L+V) inclusions of the hydrothermal vein barite shows homogenization temperatures in the range of 230° to 260°C. The primary inclusions of the bedded (volcanogenic) barite deposits of Mangampeta are monophase carbonic with densities corresponding to 0.76 to 0.88 g/cm3. A conceptual mobilization-deposition model for the vein-type barite mineralization is given.
Numerical Classification of Coal-Bearing Cycles of Early Permian Barakar Coal Measures of Eastern-Central India Gondwana Basins Using Q-Mode Cluster Analysis
Authors: Tewari R. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Q-mode cluster analysis is applied to classify the fining upward cycles of Early Permian Barakar coal measures from 14 localities of eastern - central India Gondwana basins. Two distinct clusters are recognised on the basis of overall similarity of upward transition probability values of embedded Markov chain statistics. Cluster A comprise 9 localities representing fining upward asymmetrical cycles of very coarse to coarse sandstone ? interbedded fine sandstone-shale? shale ? coal ? coarse sandstone, whereas Cluster B include 5 localities represented by symmetrical cycles i.e. very coarse to coarse sandstone ? interbedded fine sandstone-shale ? shale ?coal ?shale.
The development of asymmetrical cycles together with abundance of very coarse to coarse sandstone is attributed to rapid lateral migration of braided channels, whereas the deposition of symmetrical cycles with subequal amount of coarse to medium sandstone and fine clastics including coal correspond to slow and gradual overstepping of meandering stream channels and associated subenvironments across the alluvial plain.
Gold Mineralization in Parts of Bundelkhand Granitoid Complex (BGC)
Authors: Pati J. K. , Raju S. , Mamgain V. D. , Shanker Ravi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Geological mapping in parts of Bundelkhand Granitoid Complex (BGC) reveals a number of E-W trending shear zones marked by mylonites. Synkinematic fluid activity along these shear zones is conspicuous. Anomalous gold values in the range of 5 and 1000 ppb in BGC is recorded against a background value of l to 2 ppb in most Precambrian granitoids.
Geochemistry of Late Proterozoic Sendra Granitoid Suite, Central Rajasthan, India : Role of Magma Mixing/Hybridization Process in their Genesis
Authors: Agrawal Salil , Srivastava R. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cluster analysis based on major elements demonstrates existence of granite, granodiorite and tonalites as distinct natural sub-population in the Sendra granitoid suite. The peraluminous granite with limited variation in mineralogy and chemistry is characterised by higher total iron, K2O, mol. A/CNK, K2O/Na2O, Rb, Ba, Li and lower Sr as compared to the granodiorites and tonalites of the suite. Different trends for tonalites. granodiorites and granites in variation diagrams coupled with lower DI values of the granites in comparison to some of the tonalites and granodiorites, disallow interpretation of their relationship in terms of closed system equilibrium crystal fractionation or rcstite unmixing.
Principal component analysis of the data negates the possibility of the geochemical variations being controlled by a single process. The presence of mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) in the granodiorite and tonalite suggest mixing of the felsic and mafic magmas. The homogeneous nature of the granite and the absence of tonalitic and granodioritic components in the Chang pluton are due to emplacement of unadulterated granitic melt generated in the lower crustal region by basaltic underplating. The granodiorite and tonalite with variable chemical composition, represent subsequent mixing of granitic melt with the underplating basaltic magma and different degrees of thermal and chemical disequilibrium in the hybrid magma.
Some Contributions to the Lower Gondwana Stratigraphy of the Lpranhita-Godavari Valley, Deccan, India
Authors: Ray Sanghamitra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The "Infra-Kamthi" Formation is described from the central part of Pranhita-Godavari valley as an essentially sandstone rich horizon with subordinate amount of red mudstone in the lower part and highly ferruginous shale (ironstones) in the upper part of the rock succession. This formation is renamed here as Kundaram Formation, after the village Kundaram in its type area. The northwestern part of the valley has yielded the only known Late Permian reptilian fauna so far found in India.
The lithologs reveal a distinct lateral variation of the formation from the sand-dominant central Pranhita-Godavari to red mudstone rich horizon of the northwest. Ironstones are absent. Sheet sand bodies form composite complexes in the lower part of the rock succession followed upward by thick red mudstone units with small lenses of channel-fill sandstone. This package of sediments were probably deposited by anastomosing river channels.
Occurrence of Carbonatite at Chintalacheruvu, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Veera Bhaskar D. , Thimmaiah M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A new occurrence of carbonatite with significant radioactivity (0.038% eU3O8) and a conspicuous fenitised zone is being reported for the first time in the western peripheral parts of the Prakasam alkaline province, Andhra Pradesh. Besides U, the carbonatite is enriched in P, Fe, Ba, Sr, Ce and Y.
Earthquake Induced Liquefaction of Soil Near Elagiri Hills, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Pandian M. S. , Bhadra B. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Earthquake of magnitude 3.9 occurred in Tiruppattur area of Tamil Nadu on 31 January 1997. The epicentral location lies on a seismically active N45°E fault zone, along which many late Proterozoic alkaline intrusives are emplaced. The earthquake resulted in the opening of few fractures on the surface and as a secondary effect, induced liquefaction of soil at the base of Elagiri Hills. Excessive rainfall which preceded this event could have possibly played a role in causing the earthquake.
Sternet - A Computer Program for Stereographic Projection: With a New Algorithm for Contouring
Authors: Kutty T. S. , Joy Sojen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the analysis of three dimensional data in geology, and their graphical representation, the use of spherical projections plays an important role. The Wulff and Schmidt nets, used commonly to plot such projections, are laborious and time consuming. Sternet is a fast, user-friendly, interactive program in Turbo C, for applications related to lower hemisphere projections. It can represent data as points or planes, rotate the data if necessary, draw the standard Pi-or Beta-diagrams, do contouring if the data is plotted as points, check for uniformity of the data and use eigenvectors and eigenvalues to draw a best-fit circle to the data if a preferred orientation exists and also provides a means to make one's own choice of a small or great circle to visually find a suitable fit for the data. The program includes a procedure for tilt correction and a few other utilities. Printer output is available for 24-pin dot-matrix printers.
Palaeomagma Chamber in the Upper Crust - Plausible Secondary Source for the Deccan Basalts of the Satpura Region in Central India
Authors: Venkata Rao K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Satpura ranges of Central India are mostly covered by Deccan Traps. Geophysical signatures over this region have been correlated and a crustal model has been arrived at. The areas of gravity high anomaly zones are characterized by deep depressions in the basement. 2-D gravity modelling studies indicate crustal underplating with magmatic additions in the crustal block. Modelling studies suggest the presence of high density bodies at a depth of 6 km in the gravity high anomaly zones of Khandwa and Tikaria. These bodies in the upper crust can be intermediate palaeomagma chamber/relic magma conduit forming a secondary source for the Deccan Basalts.
Flow of Groundwater in the Barind Area, Bangladesh: Implication of Structural Framework
Authors: Jahani Chowdhury Sarwar , Ahmed Mushfique 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The structural framework in the Barind area, Bangladesh plays an important role in the regional flow of groundwater. The geological formations of the area are characterized by a series of faults and basement and geomorphic lineaments which form intrabasinal horsts and grabens and appear well correlated with the present day relief, topography and drainage pattern. The deeply incised eroded river valleys are grabens-representing stable and fault bounded blocks with corresponding horst blocks of the West, the Central and the Eastern Barind with different hydrogeological characteristics. The groundwater level, direction of flow and fluctuation pattern show the general trend of outflow towards the major rivers, streams and low-lying areas at the end of rainy as well as during dry season which almost follows the surface gradient of the area signify the seepage into the rivers.
Geochemistry of Granites of Jamhughoda, Panchmahals District, Gujarat and Uranium Mineralization in Champaner Group
Authors: Goyal Navin , Varughese Siby K. , Hansda P. K. , Ramachandran S. , Singh Rajendra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Precambrian Champaner Group of rocks are intruded by Godhra granites in Jambughoda area. Significant uranium mineralisation has been located in the fractures in the dolomitic limestone of Lower Champaners with uraninite occurring as the primary uranium mineral. The geochemical features observed for the granites suggest that the granite melt, originated by the partial melting of relatively silicic crust, was further modified by fractionation processes during which uranium was concentrated in the late magmatic and subsequent hydrothermal fluids. The Champaner deformation resulted in the formation of WNW-ESE regional fracture system and crush zones, thus making the rocks highly penneable for the passage of uranium-rich hydrothermal fluids and offering open spaces for precipitation of uranium under suitable physicochemical conditions.