bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular and physiological upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, arginase, and inducible cyclooxygenase in wound healing
Authors: Abd El‐Aleem Seham A. , Abdelwahab Soha , AM‐Sherief Hany , Sayed Ahmed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWound repair is regulated by overlapping cellular, physiological and biochemical events. Prostaglandins and nitric oxide have been a focus for inflammation research particularly since the discovery of their inducible isoforms nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). Study of the cellular expression of iNOS and COX‐2 and arginase which competes with iNOS for its substrate, in an in vivo model of wound healing could reveal important roles for these enzymes in the physiological progression of wound repair. Adult male rats received full thickness dermal wounds which were harvested at different times. Protein levels and activities of the enzymes were assessed by western blot and biochemical assays respectively. The cellular distribution and the colocalization were assessed by immunostaining. The protein levels and activities of iNOS, arginase, and COX‐2 increased only during the inflammatory phase of wound. Immunocytochemistry showed that the three enzymes were coexpressed and the main cellular source was inflammatory cells mainly macrophages. iNOS was induced at the wound site and was the earliest to increase significantly (p < 0.05) for only up to 3 days postwounding. However, arginase and COX‐2 significant (
p < 0.05) upregulation started at a later time points and continued for up to 14 days postwounding. Therefore iNOS, compared with arginase and COX‐2, showed a temporal difference in expression during wound healing which could be explained by their products being required at different stages of the healing process. The coordinated expression of the three enzymes at different time points could account for the physiological progression of the healing process.
Psychology's own mindfulness: Ellen Langer and the social politics of scientific interest in “active noticing”
Authors: Fox Lee Shayna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEllen Langer's mindfulness construct is presented as “indigenous” to disciplinary psychology. Langer's early work laid the foundations for the research program she would come to call the psychology of possibility. Studying inattentive behavior (mindlessness) and intentionally reflective cognition (mindfulness) placed her work directly in line with the theoretical priorities of the 1970s and influenced the direction of research in several subdisciplines related to social cognition. Positioning Langer's work at an intersection crossed by various discourse communities in psychology explains much of its influence within the discipline. However, its relevance is additionally related to a broader field of research and application also employing the terminology of mindfulness. While superficially synonymous, the majority of mindfulness research is distinguished from Langer's due to differences in origination, definition, and goals. Comparative assessments are used as a lens through which to interrogate the social politics of mindfulness theories’ burgeoning success over the past half century.
Validation of the Spanish Version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for Elderly Patients With Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Lizaur‐Utilla Alejandro , Miralles‐Muñoz Francisco A. , Gonzalez‐Parreño Santiago , Lopez‐Prats Fernando A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to validate the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for elderly patients who undergo total knee replacement (TKR). The validated Spanish versions of the KOOS and Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) questionnaires were applied to 137 patients (mean age 72.3, SD 7.5 years). Test–retest data were collected with an intermediate period of 1–2 weeks. To evaluate the clinimetric properties of the KOOS, internal consistency (Cronbach's α), reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), construct validity (Spearman's correlation), responsiveness (effect sizes [ES], and standardized response mean [SRM]), and floor and ceiling effects (<15%) were assessed. As result, Cronbach's coefficients of the KOOS subscales ranged from 0.78 to 0.93, and ICC from 0.76 to 0.91. Construct validity was supported by the confirmation of the three predefined hypotheses involving expected correlations between KOOS subscale and SF‐36 physical health subscales. Spearman's correlations were strong between KOOS Pain and SF‐36 Bodily Pain (r = 0.81), KOOS Pain and SF‐36 Physical Functioning (r = 0.67), KOOS activities of daily living (ADL) and SF‐36 Bodily Pain (r = 0.69), KOOS ADL and SF‐36 Physical Functioning (r = 0.74), and KOOS Sports/Recreation and SF‐36 Physical Functioning (r = 0.76). Responsiveness at 1 year after TKR was large with the ES ranging from 0.81 to 2.12, and the SRM from 0.70 to 1.91. Floor and ceiling effects were low. In conclusion, the Spanish version of KOOS has successful psychometric characteristics and is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment of patient‐relevant outcomes in elderly patients with advanced OA who undergo TKR. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2157–2162, 2019
Epidemiology, Incidence, and Survival of Rhabdomyosarcoma Subtypes: SEER and ICES Database Analysis
Authors: Amer Kamil M. , Thomson Jennifer E. , Congiusta Dominick , Dobitsch Andrew , Chaudhry Ahmed , Li Matthew , Chaudhry Aisha , Bozzo Anthony , Siracuse Brianna , Aytekin Mahmut Nedim , Ghert Michelle , Beebe Kathleen S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft‐tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents and accounts for 3% of all pediatric tumors. Subtypes include alveolar, spindle cell, embryonal, mixed‐type, pleomorphic, and rhabdomyosarcoma with ganglionic differentiation. The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for patients diagnosed with any type of rhabdomyosarcoma between 1973 and 2014. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and incidence were studied with χ2 analysis. Survival was modeled with Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the effect of age and gender on survival. Pleomorphic subtype had higher grade and larger sized tumors compared to other subtypes (p < 0.05). Pleomorphic and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma had the worst overall survival with a 26.6% and 28.9% 5‐year survival, respectively. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma had the highest 5‐year survival rate (73.9%). Tumor size was negatively correlated with survival months, indicating patients with larger tumors had shorter survival times (p < 0.05). Presence of higher‐grade tumors and metastatic disease at presentation were negatively correlated with survival months (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the survival were found between gender or race between all of the subtypes (p > 0.05). This study highlights key differences in the demographic and survival rates of the different types of rhabdomyosarcoma that can be used for more tailored patient counseling. We also demonstrate that large, population‐level databases provide sufficient data that can be used in the analysis of rare tumors. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2226–2230, 2019
Effects of microwave vacuum drying and conventional drying methods on the physicochemical and microstructural properties of squid shreds
Authors: Pankyamma Viji , Mokam Sumanth Yadav , Debbarma Jesmi , Rao B Madhusudana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrowave vacuum drying is an innovative technology for drying fruits and vegetables. However, this technology has not been well explored for drying seafood. In the present study, the effects of microwave vacuum drying (MVD), hot air drying (HAD) and sun drying (SD) on the proximate composition, texture, rehydration, color and microstructure of squid shreds were investigated.RESULTSProximate components of the samples dried by different methods were not significantly different, but the drying time was markedly lower for the MVD technique. The rehydration rate and water absorption index followed the order MVD > HAD > SD. The extent of browning as indicated by the b* value was significantly lower in MVD samples (14.38) compared with HAD (19.47) and SD (21.94) samples. MVD resulted in the lowest values for hardness, springiness and chewiness of both dried and rehydrated squid shreds, while SD recorded the highest values for the same. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the muscle fiber indicated muscle shrinkage and more toughness in SD samples, whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed a small extent of protein degradation in MVD samples.CONCLUSIONThe study revealed that higher‐quality dried squid shreds can be prepared by microwave vacuum drying in a shorter time compared with the traditional methods of sun drying and hot air drying. Hence microwave vacuum drying can be used as an energy‐efficient and time‐saving technology to make dried seafood of superior quality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Impacts of depectinization of pear juice on alcoholic fermentation and indole formation
Authors: Beezer Robert P , Mattinson D Scott , Fellman John K , Ewing Brianna L , Edwards Charles G 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, a producer of fermented ciders observed ‘vinyl’ off‐odors formed during fermentation of pear juice previously depectinized at ≥ 49 °C but not if depectinized at lower temperatures. The objective of this study was to investigate the source of this spoilage and evaluate factors that affect formation.RESULTSAnalysis of untainted and tainted samples obtained from the producer determined the causative agent to be indole, a compound sometimes produced by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) during fermentation. To mimic commercial depectinization conditions, pectinases were added to pear juices held at 35 °C for 45 min (Treatment A), 49 °C for 45 min (Treatment B), or 49 °C for 90 min (Treatment C). Juice processing conditions did not affect yeast growth nor progress of alcoholic fermentation. Although neither yeast strain (DV10 or MERIT) synthesized indole during fermentation of Treatment A juices, the compound was produced by MERIT in Treatments B (27.05 μg L−1) and C (469.9 μg L−1). Supplementation of Treatment C juice with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) prior to fermentation resulted in no detectable indole formed. However, juices from Treatments A, B, or C contained similar concentrations of pyridoxine and non‐detectable amounts of tryptophan, a potential precursor to indole. Furthermore, indole was not detected during fermentations of a synthetic pear juice medium without pyridoxine.CONCLUSIONSupplementation of cider musts with pyridoxine prior to fermentation and choice of yeast strain can lower the risk of formation of off‐odors caused by indole. However, other unidentified factors are present which affect its formation in perry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Styrene‐N‐phenylacrylamide co‐polymer modified silica monolith particles with an optimized mixing ratio of monomers as a new stationary phase for the separation of peptides in high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Sun Genlin , Kim Jeong Soo , Kim Yune Sung , An Hyun Joo , Cheong Won Jo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA stationary phase was prepared by chemical derivatization of the support particles with a layer of copolymer composed of styrene and N‐phenyl acrylamide. Silica monolith particles of ca. 2.6 µm (volume‐based average) have been prepared as the support particles by sol‐gel reaction followed by differential sedimentation. The particles were reacted with 3‐chloropropyl trimethoxysilane followed by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate to introduce an initiator moiety. Then, the copolymer layer was immobilized via reversible addition‐fragmentation transfer polymerization. The resultant phase was packed in glass‐lined stainless‐steel micro‐columns (1 x 150 mm) and evaluated for the separation of a mixture composed of five peptides (Trp‐Gly, Thr‐Tyr‐Ser, angiotensin I, isotocin and bradykinin). The effect of monomer mixing ratio (styrene versus N‐phenyl acrylamide) on the chromatographic separation efficiency of the stationary phase was examined. A number of theoretical plates (N) as high as 33 600 plates/column (224 000 plates/m, 4.46 µm plate height) was achieved using the column packed with the optimized stationary phase. The column‐to‐column reproducibility based on three columns packed with three different batches of stationary phase was found satisfactory in separation efficiency, retention factor, and asymmetry factor.
Catalytically Active N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Release from Single‐Chain Nanoparticles Following a Thermolysis‐Driven Unfolding Strategy
Authors: Garmendia Sofiem , Lawrenson Stefan B. , Arno Maria C. , O'Reilly Rachel K. , Taton Daniel , Dove Andrew P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe need for efficient, tailor‐made catalysts has inspired chemists to design synthetic macromolecular architectures for selective catalysis. To this purpose, herein the synthesis and in‐depth characterization of Ag(I)‐crosslinked single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is reported and their application as catalysts is demonstrated. Specifically, a copolymer of styrenic benzimidazolium chloride is synthesized as a linear precursor via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization. Metalation of the benzimidazolium moieties by Ag(I) resulted in the intramolecular cross‐linking of single chains via the formation of silver‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (Ag‐NHC) linkages under dilute conditions. The successful formation of well‐defined, robust SCNPs is evidenced by size‐exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, it is demonstrated that the Ag‐SCNPs can be used as NHC pre‐catalysts, by first indirectly evidencing the formation of the corresponding unfolded NHC‐CS2 polybetaine and then organocatalysing a benzoin condensation reaction.
Temporally‐Programmed Transient Supramolecular Gels
Authors: Panja Santanu , Patterson Courtenay , Adams Dave J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn living systems, self‐assembly processes are driven by the consumption of chemical fuels. Synthetic adaptation of living systems can be achieved by coupling of competing pathways that drive the assembly and disassembly, respectively, under the influence of chemical fuels. Here, a pH‐responsive transient gel system is created by simultaneous incorporation of two triggers, of which one is responsible for the initiation of the self‐assembly by increasing the pH and the second trigger drives the disassembly by reducing the pH. This method allows us to prepare transient gels with a high degree of control over the self‐assembly lifetime as well as the mechanical properties of the transient gels.
Tumor mutational signatures in sebaceous skin lesions from individuals with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Georgeson Peter , Walsh Michael D. , Clendenning Mark , Daneshvar Simin , Pope Bernard J. , Mahmood Khalid , Joo Jihoon E. , Jayasekara Harindra , Jenkins Mark A. , Winship Ingrid M. , Buchanan Daniel D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMuir‐Torre syndrome is defined by the development of sebaceous skin lesions in individuals who carry a germline mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation. Loss of expression of MMR proteins is frequently observed in sebaceous skin lesions, but MMR‐deficiency alone is not diagnostic for carrying a germline MMR gene mutation.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed on three MMR‐deficient sebaceous lesions from individuals with MSH2 gene mutations (Lynch syndrome) and three MMR‐proficient sebaceous lesions from individuals without Lynch syndrome with the aim of characterizing the tumor mutational signatures, somatic mutation burden, and microsatellite instability status. Thirty predefined somatic mutational signatures were calculated for each lesion.ResultsSignature 1 was ubiquitous across the six lesions tested. Signatures 6 and 15, associated with defective DNA MMR, were significantly more prevalent in the MMR‐deficient lesions from the MSH2 carriers compared with the MMR‐proficient non‐Lynch sebaceous lesions (mean ± SD=41.0 ± 8.2% vs. 2.3 ± 4.0%, p = 0.0018). Tumor mutation burden was, on average, significantly higher in the MMR‐deficient lesions compared with the MMR‐proficient lesions (23.3 ± 11.4 vs. 1.8 ± 0.8 mutations/Mb, p = 0.03). All four sebaceous lesions observed in sun exposed areas of the body demonstrated signature 7 related to ultraviolet light exposure.ConclusionTumor mutational signatures 6 and 15 and somatic mutation burden were effective in differentiating Lynch‐related from non‐Lynch sebaceous lesions.
Adaptive reduced basis strategy for rare‐event simulations
Authors: Gallimard L. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMonte Carlo methods are well suited to characterize events of which associated probabilities are not too low with respect to the simulation budget. For very seldom observed events, these approaches do not lead to accurate results. Indeed, the number of samples is often insufficient to estimate such low probabilities (at least 10n+2 samples are needed to estimate a probability of 10−n with 10% relative deviation of the Monte Carlo estimator). Even within the framework of reduced order methods, such as a reduced basis approach, it seems difficult to predict accurately low‐probability events. In this paper, we propose to combine a cross‐entropy method with a reduced basis algorithm to compute rare‐event (failure) probabilities.
Linear and appositional growth in children as indicators of social and economic change during the Medieval Islamic to Christian transition in Santarém, Portugal
Authors: Gooderham Ellie , Matias António , Liberato Marco , Santos Helena , Walshaw Sarah , Albanese John , Cardoso Hugo F.V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study explores whether child growth has signalled periods of social change between the Medieval Islamic and post‐Islamic Christian Periods in Santarém, Portugal. The social change is associated with the Christian conquest of Iberia and the fall of the Islamic Empire in Europe, which ceased the regional influence of the Golden Age of Islam. This may have caused a deterioration in living conditions brought by the Christian conquest, compared with the social improvements brought by the Medieval Islamic Empire. Forty‐two juvenile skeletons were taken from three Medieval Islamic and three Late Medieval Christian sites excavated in the city of Santarém, Portugal. Age was estimated from tooth length. Linear growth for all long bones and appositional growth of the femur midshaft were compared with expected growth from the Denver Growth Study, using z scores. Significant growth deficit was found throughout the Medieval Islamic and Christian Periods in Santarém, as well as a deficit in apposition of cortical bone. Although children in the post‐Islamic Christian period showed a trend towards greater linear and appositional growth deficits, these differences were not statistically significant. Children in Medieval Islamic and Late Medieval Christian Periods show significant growth disruption, suggesting that in Santarém, the post‐Islamic Medieval Christian period may not have witnessed a decrease in living conditions after the fall of Islamic rule in the territory. Further studies that incorporate more samples from the Islamic and Post‐Islamic Periods as well as pre‐Islamic population samples are needed to explore the possibility that the Islamic Period was more favourable for child growth.
Pandora's pregnancy: NIPT, CMA, and genome sequencing—A new era for prenatal genetic testing
Authors: Hashiloni‐Dolev Yael , Nov‐Klaiman Tamar , Raz Aviad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe delineate in this article a shift from the “traditional” technologies of karyotyping in PND to the current phase of advanced genetic technologies including noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) with their higher detection rate and related abundance of uncertain data.MethodsConceptual analysis based on seminal works that shaped the socioethical discourse surrounding the experiences of parents as well as professionals with prenatal diagnosis in the last 30 years.ResultsWe consider the implications of this new era of PND for patients and health professionals by drawing on previous studies documenting how probability and uncertainty affect informed consent/choice, health risks communication, customer satisfaction and decision making, and parent‐child bonding.ConclusionsWe argue that these changes move us beyond the idioms and realities of the tentative pregnancy and moral pioneering, to uncertainty, probability‐based counseling, and moral/translational gambling. We conclude by discussing what is needed to maintain hope in the era of Pandora's pregnancy.
Interfacial amino acids support Spa47 oligomerization and shigella type three secretion system activation
Authors: Demler Hannah J. , Case Heather B. , Morales Yalemi , Bernard Abram R. , Johnson Sean J. , Dickenson Nicholas E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLike many Gram‐negative pathogens, Shigella rely on a type three secretion system (T3SS) for injection of effector proteins directly into eukaryotic host cells to initiate and sustain infection. Protein secretion through the needle‐like type three secretion apparatus (T3SA) requires ATP hydrolysis by the T3SS ATPase Spa47, making it a likely target for in vivo regulation of T3SS activity and an attractive target for small molecule therapeutics against shigellosis. Here, we developed a model of an activated Spa47 homo‐hexamer, identifying two distinct regions at each protomer interface that we hypothesized to provide intermolecular interactions supporting Spa47 oligomerization and enzymatic activation. Mutational analysis and a series of high‐resolution crystal structures confirm the importance of these residues, as many of the engineered mutants are unable to form oligomers and efficiently hydrolyze ATP in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo evaluation of Shigella virulence phenotype uncovered a strong correlation between T3SS effector protein secretion, host cell membrane disruption, and cellular invasion by the tested mutant strains, suggesting that perturbation of the identified interfacial residues/interactions influences Spa47 activity through preventing oligomer formation, which in turn regulates Shigella virulence. The most impactful mutations are observed within the conserved Site 2 interface where the native residues support oligomerization and likely contribute to a complex hydrogen bonding network that organizes the active site and supports catalysis. The critical reliance on these conserved residues suggests that aspects of T3SS regulation may also be conserved, providing promise for the development of a cross‐species therapeutic that broadly targets T3SS ATPase oligomerization and activation.