bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facebook fan page management for global airlines
Authors: Baghirov Fakhri , Zhang Ye , Hashim Noor Hazarina 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the adoption and performance of Facebook fan pages (FFPs) among global airline companies in developed, least developed and developing countries.Design/methodology/approachDiffusion of innovations theory has been applied as the underlying theory in this study. By using content analysis, data were collected from the official FFPs of global airlines.FindingsResults show no significant difference in FFP adoption among global airline companies in developed, least developed and developing countries. However, there is a significant difference in performance and timing of adoption of FFP between the countries. Airlines from developed countries adopted FFP three years earlier than developing countries and performed better than airlines from developing and least developed countries.Research limitations/implicationsBecause FFP is studied with limited variables, future studies can expand to other social networking sites and explore more variables to get reliable results.Practical implicationsAcademically, this study adds to internet and technology implementation literature. Finding of poor performance on FFP implementation among airlines in developing and least developed countries could draw attention to increased engagement with fans and improve FFP performance in the future. To successfully use Facebook, airline companies should establish a two-way communication and respond to their fans.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study the difference in using FFPs among global airline companies in developed, least developed and developing countries.
The shared decision making of older adults in healthcare
Authors: Pusey Emilia , Tinker Anthea , Lucivero Federica 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The research question is: what are older adults’ experiences of shared decision making (SDM) in a healthcare setting? This involved exploring older adults’ experiences and opinions of decision making in a healthcare setting, and understanding what SDM means to older adults. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with adults over 65 years was conducted. Thematic analysis was used.

Findings
Three broad themes were identified which ascribed roles to individuals involved in decision making. This includes the way in which older adults felt they should be involved actively: by asking questions and knowing their own body. The doctors’ role was described as assistive by facilitating discussion, giving options and advice. The role of the family was also explored; older adults felt the family could impact on their decisions in both a direct and indirect way. There was some confusion about what constituted a decision.

Research limitations/implications
This was a small qualitative study in a market town in England.

Practical implications
Clinicians should facilitate the involvement of older adults in SDM and consider how they can increase awareness of this. They should also involve the family in decision making.

Originality/value
There are limited studies which look at this issue in depth.
Petitions, Polling Stations and Paisley: the First Outworking of the Recall of MPs Act 2015
Authors: Tonge Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Recall of MPs Act 2015 allows constituents to petition for their MP to be unseated. A petition of recall is opened, for six weeks, if an MP has received a custodial sentence or been suspended from the House of Commons for ten or more sitting days. Should 10 per cent of constituents sign the petition, a by‐election is required, which the deposed MP has the right to contest. The first test of the Act came in 2018, when Ian Paisley, MP for North Antrim, was suspended from the Commons for thirty days. This article examines how the Act was implemented and assesses whether procedural oddities played any part in the petition failing to attract sufficient signatures to trigger a by‐election.
Detecting Wahlund effects together with amplification problems: Cryptic species, null alleles and short allele dominance in Glossina pallidipes populations from Tanzania
Authors: Manangwa Oliver , De Meeûs Thierry , Grébaut Pascal , Ségard Adeline , Byamungu Mechtilda , Ravel Sophie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPopulation genetics is a convenient tool to study the population biology of non‐model and hard to sample species. This is particularly true for parasites and vectors. Heterozygote deficits and/or linkage disequilibrium often occur in such studies and detecting the origin of those (Wahlund effect, reproductive system or amplification problems) is uneasy. We used new tools (correlation between the number of times a locus is found in significant linkage disequilibrium and its genetic diversity, correlations between Wright's FIS and FST, FIS and number of missing data, FIT and allele size and standard errors comparisons) for the first time on a real data set of tsetse flies, a vector of dangerous diseases to humans and domestic animals in sub‐Saharan Africa. With these new tools, and cleaning data from null allele, temporal heterogeneity and short allele dominance effects, we unveiled the coexistence of two highly divergent cryptic clades in the same sites. These results are in line with other studies suggesting that the biodiversity of many taxa still largely remain undescribed, in particular pathogenic agents and their vectors. Our results also advocate that including individuals from different cohorts tends to bias subdivision measures and that keeping loci with short allele dominance and/or too frequent missing data seriously jeopardize parameter's estimations. Finally, separated analyses of the two clades suggest very small tsetse densities and relatively large dispersal.
The slow force response to stretch: Controversy and contradictions
Authors: Dowrick Jarrah M. , Tran Kenneth , Loiselle Denis S. , Nielsen Poul M. F. , Taberner Andrew J. , Han June‐Chiew , Ward Marie‐Louise 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhen exposed to an abrupt stretch, cardiac muscle exhibits biphasic active force enhancement. The initial, instantaneous, force enhancement is well explained by the Frank‐Starling mechanism. However, the cellular mechanisms associated with the second, slower phase remain contentious. This review explores hypotheses regarding this “slow force response” with the intention of clarifying some apparent contradictions in the literature. The review is partitioned into three sections. The first section considers pathways that modify the intracellular calcium handling to address the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the mechanism underlying the slow force response. The second section focuses on extracellular calcium fluxes and explores the identity and contribution of the stretch‐activated, non‐specific, cation channels as well as signalling cascades associated with G‐protein coupled receptors. The final section introduces promising candidates for the mechanosensor(s) responsible for detecting the stretch perturbation.
Interactions between cattle grazing, plant diversity, and soil nitrogen in a northeastern U.S. coastal grassland
Authors: Kinnebrew Eva , Champlin Lena K. , Neill Christopher 
Published: January 2019

AbstractQuestionsCan cattle grazing help maintain plant diversity in coastal grasslands? What is the relationship between soil extractable nitrogen and plant diversity in sandy and infertile soils? How does cattle grazing affect soil extractable nitrogen and how might this indirectly impact plant diversity via the N–plant diversity relationship?LocationGrazed coastal grasslands on Naushon Island, off of Cape Cod, MA, USA.MethodsWe surveyed summer vegetation from 2014 to 2017 and analyzed soils for extractable nitrogen (N) in two grazed grasslands on Naushon Island. We also set up cattle enclosures and exclosures to manipulate grazing pressure and test how cattle grazing influenced plant diversity (species richness and Shannon's diversity) and extractable NH4+ and NO3−. In the enclosure experiment, cattle were enclosed for up to a week in the mid‐summer of 2014, 2015, and 2016. For the exclosure experiment, we excluded cattle from areas from 2014 to 2017.ResultsIn both the enclosure and exclosure experiments, higher grazing pressure corresponded to less negative change of plant species richness and Shannon's diversity from 2014 to 2017. Total extractable N had a weak positive correlation with plant diversity, but increasing extractable NO3− correlated with decreasing species richness (p = 0.001) and Shannon's diversity (p = 0.009). Neither the cattle enclosures nor exclosures were related to soil extractable N.ConclusionsCattle grazing may help prevent or slow losses of plant diversity that are occurring in many coastal grasslands, including Naushon Island. This effect does not seem to be regulated by cattle deposition of N in the soil or the N–plant diversity relationship. Our results of the N–plant diversity relationship differ from the mainstream understanding, perhaps due to Naushon's sandy and infertile soils.
How is the ethical dissonance index affected by technology, academic dishonesty type and individual differences?
Authors: Sidi Yael , Blau Ina , Eshet‐Alkalai Yoram 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcademic dishonesty has been growing in both digital and analog settings. The present study aimed to generalize the ethical dissonance index (EDI), which was established in a sample of Israeli school students as the gap between the pervasiveness of academic dishonesty and its perceived legitimacy. Furthermore, the study examined how technology, dishonesty type and individual differences affect these factors. The study employed a scenario‐based approach – an indirect strategy for deducing academic dishonest behaviors. Participants were 1055 school students from various grade levels, geographic locations and religious/ethnic sectors. Results regarding the role of technology revealed that, overall, digital academic dishonesty was less pervasive and deemed more legitimate compared to analog dishonesty. However, this relationship varied as a function of dishonesty type. Findings confirmed that students experienced some level of ethical dissonance, generalizing the EDI. Notably, individual differences did not affect the relationship between media, dishonesty type and the EDI.
BANKING CONCENTRATION AND FIRM GROWTH: THE ROLE OF SIZE, LOCATION AND FINANCIAL CRISIS
Authors: Dimelis Sophia , Giotopoulos Ioannis , Louri Helen 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTUsing conditional quantile regressions for a panel of listed firms from euro‐area countries in the 2005–11 period, we explore the impact of banking concentration on firm growth between smaller and larger firms; core and periphery countries; in pre‐crisis and post‐crisis years. Our findings reveal that increasing banking concentration favours high‐growth larger‐sized firms located in periphery countries pre‐crisis. By contrast in post‐crisis years increasing banking concentration impacts negatively on low‐growth smaller firms irrespective of location, revealing their vulnerability.
Urea treatment in fluid restriction‐refractory hyponatraemia
Authors: Lockett Jack , Berkman Kathryn E. , Dimeski Goce , Russell Anthony W. , Inder Warrick J. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveHyponatraemia in hospitalized patients is common and associated with increased mortality. International guidelines give conflicting advice regarding the role of urea in the treatment of SIADH. We hypothesized that urea is a safe, effective treatment for fluid restriction‐refractory hyponatraemia.DesignReview of urea for the treatment of hyponatraemia in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital during 2016‐2017. Primary end‐point: proportion of patients achieving a serum sodium ≥130 mmol/L at 72 hours.PatientsUrea was used on 78 occasions in 69 patients. The median age was 67 (IQR 52‐76), 41% were female. Seventy (89.7%) had hyponatraemia due to SIADH—CNS pathology (64.3%) was the most common cause. The duration was acute in 32 (41%), chronic in 35 (44.9%) and unknown in the rest.ResultsThe median nadir serum sodium was 122 mmol/L (IQR 118‐126). Fluid restriction was first‐line treatment in 65.4%. Urea was used first line in 21.8% and second line in 78.2%. Fifty treatment episodes (64.1%) resulted in serum sodium ≥130 mmol/L at 72 hours. In 56 patients who received other prior treatment, the mean sodium change at 72 hours (6.9 ± 4.8 mmol/L) was greater than with the preceding treatments (−1.0 ± 4.7 mmol/L; P < 0.001). Seventeen patients (22.7%) had side effects (principally distaste), none were severe. No patients developed hypernatraemia, overcorrection (>10 mmol/L in 24 hours or >18 mmol/L in 48 hours), or died.ConclusionsUrea is safe and effective in fluid restriction‐refractory hyponatraemia. We recommend urea with a starting dose of ≥30 g/d, in patients with SIADH and moderate to profound hyponatraemia who are unable to undergo, or have failed fluid restriction.
Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thinning rate as a biomarker discriminating stable and progressing relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bsteh G. , Hegen H. , Teuchner B. , Berek K. , Wurth S. , Auer M. , Di Pauli F. , Deisenhammer F. , Berger T. 
Published: January 2019

Background and purposePeripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness is a strong candidate as a biomarker of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim was to determine a cut‐off value of pRNFL thinning rates in relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) to discriminate between stable and progressing patients.MethodsIn this 3‐year prospective longitudinal study on 141 RRMS patients, annual pRNFL thinning rates (aLpRNFL) were determined by individual linear regression models. The best possible cut‐off value discriminating clinically progressing (physical progression or cognitive decline) and stable patients was defined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Cut‐off values were validated using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsAverage aLpRNFL in progressing patients (2.4 μm, SD 2.1) was significantly higher compared to stable patients (0.5 μm, SD 1.2, P < 0.001). At a predefined specificity of 90%, aLpRNFL >1.5 μm was able to distinguish between stable and progressing RRMS with a sensitivity of 76.1%. aLpRNFL >1.5 μm was associated with a 15‐fold increased risk of clinically progressing MS (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA cut‐off of aLpRNFL discriminating clinically progressing and stable RRMS was identified. After validation in independent cohorts, this cut‐off could be used as a biomarker of axonal degeneration supporting disease monitoring in daily clinical routine.
Relationship between functional masticatory units and cognitive impairment in elderly persons
Authors: Cardoso Mónica G. , Diniz‐Freitas Márcio , Vázquez Paula , Cerqueiro Sandra , Diz Pedro , Limeres Jacobo 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundStudies on the elderly have reported that the risk of cognitive impairment is affected by chewing difficulty.ObjectiveTo determine whether there is a relationship between the number of pairs of antagonist teeth that come into contact when the mouth is closed (functional masticatory units [FMUs]) and the level of cognitive impairment.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional observational study with 502 institutionalised White individuals older than 65 years, living in the northwest of Spain and Portugal. Through a direct visual inspection, we recorded the number of FMUs. Cognitive impairment was assessed by applying the Mini‐Cognitive Examination (MCE), a test derived from the Mini‐Mental State Examination. To describe the statistical relationship between the FMUs and the MCE values, a generalised linear model (GLM) was applied. We assessed the GLM predictive capacity for detecting cognitive impairment (MCE ≤23) in a new study group consisting of 156 elderly individuals.ResultsA large number of FMUs was significantly associated with a lower probability of cognitive impairment, regardless of the nature of the contact and its location (explained deviance, 30.1%). The model's discriminatory capacity for cognitive impairment based on the FMUs was “good” (0.820). The model's predictive capacity for cognitive impairment was “acceptable” (sensitivity, 0.786; positive predictive value, 0.900; accuracy, 0.729).ConclusionIn White, elderly institutionalised individuals, the absolute number of FMUs is significantly related to their MCE scores.
Construction and validation of an questionnaire for evaluating self‐medication practised by patients with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Dias Isabela M. , Bastos Ronaldo R. , Alves Renata T. , Leite Isabel Cristina G. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryAimsDespite the fact that self‐medication associated with temporomandibular disorders is clinically quite common and is considerably harmful, there is no instrument in the literature to assess this practice. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire to study this important issue specifically.MethodsAfter completing the literature review, semi‐structured interviews, focus group and pretest, the first version of the instrument resulted in 62 questions. After face validity testing, pretest and the necessary corrections and changes, the instrument had 41 questions and was administered for validation to a sample of 110 patients diagnosed with TMD according to the RDC/TMD (1992) criteria.ResultsAccording to factor analysis, seven questions with loadings below 0.30 were removed, with the final version consisting of 34 questions. The analysis of internal consistency and temporal stability showed values of 0.844 for Cronbach's alpha coefficient and a Kappa coefficient of 0.810, respectively, indicating that the instrument presents sufficient reliability and reproducibility for its proposed objective. After validation, with the ultimate goal of classifying patients according to the degree/intensity of self‐medication, a classification was proposed that allowed the discrimination of results into three distinct groups regarding self‐medication exposure: mild, moderate or severe, based on the self‐medication raw point score.ConclusionThe results of the instrument validation process showed that it has suitable properties for evaluating the practice of self‐medication in patients with TMD.
Australian children with type 1 diabetes consume high sodium and high saturated fat diets: Comparison with national and international guidelines
Authors: Thomson Rebecca , Adams Lucinda , Anderson Jemma , Maftei Oana , Couper Jennifer , Giles Lynne , Peña Alexia S 
Published: January 2019

AimWe aimed to evaluate the diets of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) against recommended Australian dietary intakes and international T1D guidelines and compare them to children without T1D.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis in 143 children (103 children aged 8–18 years with T1D and 40 age‐ and gender‐matched controls) and longitudinal analysis at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months in 90 T1D children were conducted. Diet was assessed using an Australian validated food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed against recommended servings and nutrient intakes from Australian Dietary Guidelines and International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) Nutritional Guidelines.ResultsDiet was evaluated in 478 questionnaires. Diet composition did not differ between T1D and controls, and both groups did not meet the majority of the Australian Dietary Guidelines, except for fruit intake. The majority of T1D children and controls (80–83%) were overconsuming sodium (2837 ± 848 mg/day), discretionary foods (5.9 ± 2.5 serves/day) and saturated fat and trans fatty acids (13.1 ± 2.7% of total daily energy intake) in comparison with Australian and ISPAD guidelines. A total of 84% of T1D children and controls achieved the recommended intake of fibre (34.4 ± 11.0 g/day). Longitudinal analysis in children with T1D showed that total daily energy, macronutrient, micronutrient and food group servings intake did not change over the 12 months. Overconsumption of sodium, discretionary foods and saturated fat persisted over the 12‐month study period.ConclusionsThe majority of Australian children, with and without T1D, is not meeting recommended dietary guidelines. Significant overconsumption of sodium, saturated fat and discretionary foods attracts the most concern.
Evolutionary dynamics of hybridization and introgression following the recent colonization of Glossy Ibis (Aves: Plegadis falcinellus) into the New World
Authors: Oswald Jessica A. , Harvey Michael G. , Remsen Rosalind C. , Foxworth DePaul U. , Dittmann Donna L. , Cardiff Steven W. , Brumfield Robb T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGeographic range shifts can cause secondary contact and hybridization between closely related species, revealing mechanisms of species formation and integrity. These dynamics typically play out in restricted geographic regions, but highly vagile species may experience major distributional changes resulting in broad areas of contact. The Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) is a dispersive waterbird of the Old World and Australia that colonized eastern North America in the early 19th century and came into contact with the native White‐faced Ibis (P. chihi). Putative hybrids between the two species have been observed across North America. To examine the population genomic consequences of this natural invasion, we sequenced 4,616 ultraconserved elements from 66 individuals sampled across the distributions of falcinellus, chihi, and the Puna Ibis (P. ridgwayi) of South America. We found genomic differentiation among the three species. Loci with high sequence divergence were often shared across all pairwise species comparisons, were associated with regions of high nucleotide diversity, and were concentrated on the Z chromosome. We detected signals of genetic admixture between chihi and falcinellus in individuals both near and far from their core area of sympatry. Genomic cline analyses revealed evidence of greater introgression into falcinellus from chihi, but we found little evidence for selection against hybrids. We also found signals of admixture between ridgwayi and South American populations of chihi. Our results indicate vagile species can experience pervasive introgression upon secondary contact, although we suggest these dynamics may be more ephemeral than the stable hybrid zones often observed in less dispersive organisms.
Detraining effect on overweight/obese women after high‐intensity interval training in hypoxia
Authors: Camacho‐Cardenosa Alba , Camacho‐Cardenosa Marta , Olcina Guillermo , Timón Rafael , Brazo‐Sayavera Javier 
Published: January 2019

PurposePromising benefits on fat mass and biochemical components may be reported after applying programs of cyclic hypoxia and HIIT.AimTo investigate the effect of a month of detraining on cardiometabolic risk markers after active hypoxia exposure.MethodsParticipants included 59 overweight/obese women, who started a 12‐week program of 36 sessions, and were randomly divided into four groups: (a) aerobic interval training in hypoxia (AitH; FiO2 = 17.2%; n = 13), (b) aerobic interval training in normoxia (AitN; n = 15), (c) sprint interval training in hypoxia (SitH; FiO2 = 17.2%; n = 15), and (d) sprint interval training in normoxia (SitN; n = 18). Body composition, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline (A), after 36 training sessions (B) and after 4 weeks of detraining (C).ResultsHypoxia conditions showed a significant positive effect on waist circumference (P = 0.01), WHR (P = 0.04), and percentage of trunk fat mass (P < 0.001). The percentage of trunk fat continued to decrease significantly after training cessation in both AitH and SitH groups.ConclusionAfter 4 weeks of detraining with a previous 12 weeks of high‐intensity interval training under cyclic normobaric hypoxia, the percentage of fat mass located in the trunk decreases significantly and this effect was not observed in the normoxia groups.