bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Einführung der Direct Strength Method zur Bemessung von kaltgeformten Stahlprofilen nach EN1993‐1‐3
Authors: Clasen Sascha , Brune Bettina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerrn Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Joachim Lindner zur Vollendung seines 80. Lebensjahres gewidmet
Kaltgeformte, dünnwandige Profile des Stahlleichtbaus sind vielseitig einsetzbar, unterliegen bei einwirkenden Druck‐ und Biegebeanspruchungen jedoch lokalen und globalen Stabilitätsgefährdungen. Das Bemessungsverfahren der europäischen Normung EN 1993‐1‐3 stützt sich zur Beurteilung des lokalen Beulens und der Forminstabilität auf die Methode der wirksamen Breiten. Diese Art der Bemessung ist zeitaufwändig und fehleranfällig, zudem sind die Bemessungsergebnisse oft konservativ. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neues, praxisnahes Bemessungsmodell vorgestellt, das die bewährten europäischen Regelungen zum globalen Stabilitätsnachweis mit der in der nordamerikanischen Norm AISI Standard 100 beschriebenen Direct Strength Method (DSM) für die lokale Stabilitätsanalyse des kaltgeformten Stahlquerschnitts kombiniert. Anhand von Vergleichsrechnungen an einfachsymmetrischen Querschnitten lässt sich aufzeigen, dass diese neue Methode große Potenziale zur Effizienzsteigerung bei der Bemessung von Kaltprofilen bietet, zugleich aber auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Leichtbauprofile verbessert. Bis das Verfahren die europäische Normung jedoch sinnvoll ergänzen kann, sind weitere Versuche und Vergleichsrechnungen durchzuführen sowie tiefergehende Fragestellungen zu beantworten.
Rekonstruktion und Neunutzung der Messehalle 15 auf dem Gelände der Alten Messe in Leipzig
Authors: Ritter Jens 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDem 90. Jahrestag der Erstausgabe der Zeitschrift DER STAHLBAU gewidmetVor 90 Jahren, im April 1928, erschien erstmalig die Zeitschrift DER STAHLBAU. Der erste Fachartikel in der ersten Ausgabe widmete sich der Konstruktion und dem Bau der Messehalle 7 (heute Messehalle 15) auf dem Gelände der Technischen Messe in Leipzig. Die Halle hielt zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Errichtung mit 100 m freier Spannweite einen Rekord. Nach einer wechselvollen Geschichte wird das denkmalgeschützte Bauwerk aktuell rekonstruiert und einer neuen Nutzung zugeführt. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Bau‐ und Nutzungsgeschichte der Messehalle sowie die Planung der Neunutzung. Besondere Berücksichtigung findet die Überprüfung und die Nachrechnung der historischen Stahlkonstruktion. Zugleich soll damit die Bedeutung dieser Zeitschrift für die in Wissenschaft und Stahlbaupraxis tätigen Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieure hervorgehoben werden.
Benefit-Cost Analysis in EU Chemicals Legislation: Experiences from over 100 REACH Applications for Authorisation
Authors: Georgiou Stavros , Rheinberger Christoph M. , Vainio Matti 
Published: April 2018

In this paper we review the benefit-cost analyses (BCAs) made to support applications for authorisations under the EU’s REACH Regulation on hazardous chemicals. Experiences from over 100 cases suggest that there are a number of informational and methodological challenges to overcome in these BCAs. In particular, we find that many REACH applicants have had problems explaining the societal relevance of the regulatory impacts expected to affect them and other market actors. Adapting the framework for regulatory impact assessment proposed by Dudley et al. [(2017). Consumer’s Guide to Regulatory Impact Analysis: Ten Tips for Being an Informed Policymaker. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 8, 187–204], we discuss these impacts from a welfare economics perspective and make suggestions on how to improve current practices in BCA applied to chemicals risk management. From this discussion we then distill a number of topics that deserve more attention in applied BCAs under the REACH Regulation.
Meccano Magazine: boys’ toys and the popularization of science in early twentieth-century Britain
Authors: BOWLER PETER J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMeccano Magazine began publishing in 1916 to advertise the popular children's construction set. By the 1920s it had expanded into a substantial, well-illustrated monthly that eventually achieved a circulation of seventy thousand. Under the editorship of the popular-science writer Ellison Hawks it now devoted approximately half of its pages to real-life technology and some natural science. In effect, it became a popular-science magazine aimed at teenage and pre-teen boys. This article explores Hawks's strategy of exploiting interest in model building to encourage interest in science and technology. It surveys the contents of the magazine and shows how it developed over time. It is argued that the material devoted to real-life science and technology was little different to that found in adult popular-science magazines of the period, raising the possibility that Meccano Magazine’s large circulation may explain the comparative lack of success of the adult publications.
How autonomy is understood in discussions on the ethics of nudging
Authors: VUGTS ANASTASIA , VAN DEN HOVEN MARIËTTE , DE VET EMELY , VERWEIJ MARCEL 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNudging is considered a promising approach for behavioural change. At the same time, nudging has raised ethical concerns, specifically in relation to the impact of nudges on autonomous choice. A complexity is that in this debate authors may appeal to different understandings or dimensions of autonomy. Clarifying the different conceptualisations of autonomy in ethical debates around nudging would help to advance our understanding of the ethics of nudging. A literature review of these considerations was conducted in order to identify and differentiate between the conceptualisations of autonomy. In 33 articles on the ethics of nudging, we identified 280 autonomy considerations, which we labelled with 790 unique autonomy codes and grouped under 61 unique super-codes. Finally, we formulated three general conceptualisations of autonomy. Freedom of choice refers to the availability of options and the environment in which individuals have to make choices. Agency involves an individual's capacity to deliberate and determine what to choose. Self-constitution relates to someone's identity and self-chosen goals. In the debate about the ethics of nudging, authors refer to different senses of autonomy. Clarifying these conceptualisations contributes to a better understanding of how nudges can undermine or, on the other hand, strengthen autonomy.
Phonological selection patterns in early words: A preliminary cross-linguistic investigation
Authors: Davis Barbara L. , Chenu Florence , Yi Hoyoung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSome researchers have suggested that young children choose to say mainly words containing sounds they can produce and avoid words with sounds they find difficult to produce. This proposed pattern of ‘selection’ supports a hypothesis of dominance of phonological factors in words children choose to say. Based on longitudinal spontaneous data samples during their first 50 word period, word-based tokens produced by two English and two French monolingual children were analyzed. Token frequencies in spontaneously produced word targets (SW-T) were compared to children's actual productions (SW-A) of those target words to understand relationships between targets children choose to say and their patterns in actual productions, (i.e., to evaluate the presence of ‘selection’). Place of articulation (i.e., labial, coronal and dorsal) in initial word position within CV, CVC, and CVCV word forms was compared. Analysis of spontaneous output in daily interactions in children learning two languages with differing phonological systems enables a more general evaluation of issues related to the interface of phonological and lexical aspects during the earliest period of language acquisition.
Viscerotropic leishmaniasis: a systematic review of the case reports to highlight spectrum of the infection in endemic countries
Authors: Abdoli Amir , Maspi Nahid , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Nasiri Vahid 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis is an important neglected parasitic disease that is generally caused byLeishmania infantum,Leishmania donovaniandLeishmania chagasi. However, several causative species of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) causes an interstitial form of leishmaniasis which known viscerotropic leishmaniasis. The aim of this paper is a systematic review of the cases of viscerotropic leishmaniasis to present the main causative agents, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes of the cases. An electronic search (any date to August 2017) without language restrictions was performed using Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. The searches identified 19 articles with total 30 case reports. Of them, old worldLeishmaniaspecies was reported from 23 (76.7%) cases, including 20 cases ofL. tropicaand three cases ofL. major; whereas new worldLeishmaniaspecies were reported in seven (23.4%) cases. The infection was more prevalent in male (24/30, 80%) than female (5/30, 16.7%) patients. Co-morbidity/co-infection was observed in 13 out of 30 cases (43.4%), which the most of them was HIV/AIDS (10 out of 13 cases, 76.9%). The results suggested that viscerotropic leishmaniasis should be more attended in the endemic countries of CL and in immunocompromised patients in order to exact discrimination from other endemic infectious diseases.
Large right ventricular sinusoids in an infant with aorta–left ventricular tunnel and proximal right coronary artery atresia
Authors: Chen Peter C. , Spinner Joseph A. , Heinle Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report a 1-month-old infant diagnosed with an aorta–left ventricular tunnel, ventricular septal defect, and right coronary atresia with right ventricular sinusoids. The patient’s anatomy and physiology did not indicate right-ventricular-dependent coronary circulation, and therefore right ventricular decompression could be performed without compromising coronary perfusion during surgical correction. A detailed understanding of the coronary anatomy is critical in managing this defect when coronary anomalies are present.
Quantitative diffusion measurements using the open-source software PyFRAP
Authors: Bläßle Alexander , Soh Gary , Braun Theresa , Mörsdorf David , Preiß Hannes , Jordan Ben M. , Müller Patrick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) and inverse FRAP (iFRAP) assays can be used to assess the mobility of fluorescent molecules. These assays measure diffusion by monitoring the return of fluorescence in bleached regions (FRAP), or the dissipation of fluorescence from photoconverted regions (iFRAP). However, current FRAP/iFRAP analysis methods suffer from simplified assumptions about sample geometry, bleaching/photoconversion inhomogeneities, and the underlying reaction-diffusion kinetics. To address these shortcomings, we developed the software PyFRAP, which fits numerical simulations of three-dimensional models to FRAP/iFRAP data and accounts for bleaching/photoconversion inhomogeneities. Using PyFRAP we determined the diffusivities of fluorescent molecules spanning two orders of magnitude in molecular weight. We measured the tortuous effects that cell-like obstacles exert on effective diffusivity and show that reaction kinetics can be accounted for by model selection. These applications demonstrate the utility of PyFRAP, which can be widely adapted as a new extensible standard for FRAP analysis.
A Tad pilus promotes the establishment and resistance of Vibrio vulnificus biofilms to mechanical clearance
Authors: Pu Meng , Rowe-Magnus Dean Allistair 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVibrio vulnificus is autochthonous to estuaries and warm coastal waters. Infection occurs via open wounds or ingestion, where its asymptomatic colonization of seafood, most infamously oysters, provides a gateway into the human food chain. Colonization begins with initial surface contact, which is often mediated by bacterial surface appendages called pili. Type IV Tad pili are widely distributed in the Vibrionaceae, but evidence for a physiological role for these structures is scant. The V. vulnificus genome codes for three distinct tad loci. Recently, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the expression of tad-3 and the phenotypes of a V. vulnificus descendent (NT) that exhibited increased biofilm formation, auto-aggregation, and oyster colonization relative to its parent. However, the mechanism by which tad pilus expression promoted these phenotypes was not determined. Here, we show that deletion of the tad pilin gene (flp) altered the near-surface motility profile of NT cells from high curvature, orbital retracing patterns characteristic of cells actively probing the surface to low curvature traces indicative of wandering and diminished bacteria–surface interactions. The NT flp pilin mutant also exhibited decreased initial surface attachment, attenuated auto-aggregation and formed fragile biofilms that disintegrated under hydrodynamic flow. Thus, the tad-3 locus, designated iam, promoted initial surface attachment, auto-aggregation and resistance to mechanical clearance of V. vulnificus biofilms. The prevalence of tad loci in the Vibrionaceae suggests that they may play equally important roles in other family members.
Postprandial glycemic control during gestational diabetes pregnancy predicts the risk of recurrence
Authors: Schwartz Naama , Green Manfred S. , Yefet Enav , Nachum Zohar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study we aimed to explore the significance of glycemic control during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy in predicting recurrence as this is unknown. A retrospective population-based cohort study of women with first diagnosed GDM pregnancy was conducted. A total of 426 women with 4,226 glucose charts were obtained. Daily glucose values were collected from the glucose charts. Non-parametric (LOWESS) regression was used to present the glucose measurements along the gestational weeks. The analyses revealed that the 2-hour postprandial levels among women with GDM recurrence were substantially higher throughout gestation (PR = 1.89 [95% CI: 1.33, 2.73] for every 20 mg/dl increase). In a multivariable log-binomial regression, the mean postprandial glucose was significantly associated with GDM recurrence (p = 0.017) after adjusting for maternal age, family history of diabetes, insulin use, and inter-pregnancy interval (PR = 1.04 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.07]). The study conclusion is that tighter postprandial glycemic control should be considered. Future studies should explore tighter cutoffs of the 2-hour postprandial glucose.
Popularity and Novelty Dynamics in Evolving Networks
Authors: Abbas Khushnood , Shang Mingsheng , Abbasi Alireza , Luo Xin , Xu Jian Jun , Zhang Yu-Xia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNetwork science plays a big role in the representation of real-world phenomena such as user-item bipartite networks presented in e-commerce or social media platforms. It provides researchers with tools and techniques to solve complex real-world problems. Identifying and predicting future popularity and importance of items in e-commerce or social media platform is a challenging task. Some items gain popularity repeatedly over time while some become popular and novel only once. This work aims to identify the key-factors: popularity and novelty. To do so, we consider two types of novelty predictions: items appearing in the popular ranking list for the first time; and items which were not in the popular list in the past time window, but might have been popular before the recent past time window. In order to identify the popular items, a careful consideration of macro-level analysis is needed. In this work we propose a model, which exploits item level information over a span of time to rank the importance of the item. We considered ageing or decay effect along with the recent link-gain of the items. We test our proposed model on four various real-world datasets using four information retrieval based metrics.
Genetically engineered two-warhead evasins provide a method to achieve precision targeting of disease-relevant chemokine subsets
Authors: Alenazi Yara , Singh Kamayani , Davies Graham , Eaton James R. O. , Elders Philip , Kawamura Akane , Bhattacharya Shoumo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBoth CC and CXC-class chemokines drive inflammatory disease. Tick salivary chemokine-binding proteins (CKBPs), or evasins, specifically bind subsets of CC- or CXC-chemokines, and could precisely target disease-relevant chemokines. Here we have used yeast surface display to identify two tick evasins: a CC-CKBP, P1243 fromAmblyomma americanumand a CXC-CKBP, P1156 fromIxodes ricinus. P1243 binds 11 CC-chemokines with Kd < 10 nM, and 10 CC-chemokines with Kdbetween 10 and 100 nM. P1156 binds two ELR + CXC-chemokines with Kd < 10 nM, and four ELR + CXC-chemokines with Kdbetween 10 and 100 nM. Both CKBPs neutralize chemokine activity with IC50 < 10 nM in cell migration assays. As both CC- and CXC-CKBP activities are desirable in a single agent, we have engineered “two-warhead” CKBPs to create single agents that bind and neutralize subsets of CC and CXC chemokines. These results show that tick evasins can be linked to create non-natural proteins that target subsets of CC and CXC chemokines. We suggest that “two-warhead” evasins, designed by matching the activities of parental evasins to CC and CXC chemokines expressed in disease, would achieve precision targeting of inflammatory disease-relevant chemokines by a single agent.
MISP regulates the IQGAP1/Cdc42 complex to collectively orchestrate spindle orientation and mitotic progression
Authors: Vodicska Barbara , Cerikan Berati , Schiebel Elmar , Hoffmann Ingrid 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrecise mitotic spindle orientation is essential for both cell fate and tissue organization while defects in this process are associated with tumorigenesis and other diseases. In most animal cell types, the dynein motor complex is anchored at the cell cortex and exerts pulling forces on astral microtubules to position the spindle. The actin-binding protein MISP controls spindle orientation and mitotic progression in human cells. However, the exact underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here we report that MISP interacts with the multidomain scaffolding protein IQGAP1. We further show that MISP binds to the active form of Cdc42 through IQGAP1. Depletion of MISP promotes increased accumulation of IQGAP1 at the cell cortex and a decrease in its Cdc42-binding capacity leading to reduced active Cdc42 levels. Interestingly, overexpression of IQGAP1 can rescue mitotic defects caused by MISP downregulation including spindle misorientation, loss of astral microtubules and prolonged mitosis and also restores active Cdc42 levels. Importantly, we find that IQGAP1 acts downsteam of MISP in regulating astral microtubule dynamics and the localization of the dynactin subunit p150glued that is crucial for proper spindle positioning. We propose that MISP regulates IQGAP1 and Cdc42 to ensure proper mitotic progression and correct spindle orientation.
Theory of current-driven skyrmions in disordered magnets
Authors: Koshibae Wataru , Nagaosa Naoto 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn emergent topological particle in magnets, skyrmion, has several unique features distinct from the other magnetic textures such as domain wall, helical structure, and vortex. It is characterized by a topological integer called skyrmion number N
sk
, which counts how many times the directions of the magnetic moments wrap the unit sphere. This N
sk
gives the chiral nature of the skyrmion dynamics, and leads to the extremely small critical current density j
c
for the current-driven motion in terms of spin transfer torque effect. The finite j
c
indicates the pinning effect due to the disorder such as impurities and defects, and the behaviors of skyrmions under disorder have not been explored well theoretically although it is always relevant in real systems. Here we reveal by a numerical simulation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation that there are four different skyrmion phases with the strong disorder, i.e., (A) pinned state, (B) depinned state, (C) skyrmion multiplication/annihilation, and (D) segregation of skyrmions, as the current density increases, while only two phases (A) and (B) appear in the weak disorder case. The microscopic mechanisms of the new phases (C) and (D) are analyzed theoretically. These results offer a coherent understanding of the skyrmion dynamics under current with disorder.
Profiling of 179 miRNA Expression in Blood Plasma of Lung Cancer Patients and Cancer-Free Individuals
Authors: Zaporozhchenko Ivan A. , Morozkin Evgeny S. , Ponomaryova Anastasia A. , Rykova Elena Y. , Cherdyntseva Nadezhda V. , Zheravin Aleksandr A. , Pashkovskaya Oksana A. , Pokushalov Evgeny A. , Vlassov Valentin V. , Laktionov Pavel P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLung cancer is one of major cancers, and survival of lung cancer patients is dictated by the timely detection and diagnosis. Cell-free circulating miRNAs were proposed as candidate biomarkers for lung cancer. These RNAs are frequently deregulated in lung cancer and can persist in bodily fluids for extended periods of time, shielded from degradation by membrane vesicles and biopolymer complexes. To date, several groups reported the presence of lung tumour-specific subsets of miRNAs in blood. Here we describe the profiling of blood plasma miRNAs in lung cancer patients, healthy individuals and endobronchitis patients using miRCURY LNA miRNA qPCR Serum/Plasma Panel (Exiqon). From 241 ratios differently expressed between cancer patients and healthy individuals 19 miRNAs were selected for verification using the same platform. LASSO-penalized logistic regression model, including 10 miRNA ratios comprised of 14 individual miRNAs discriminated lung cancer patients from both control groups with AUC of 0.979.
Disruption of Hox9,10,11 function results in cellular level lineage infidelity in the kidney
Authors: Drake Keri A. , Adam Mike , Mahoney Robert , Potter S. Steven 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHox genes are important regulators of development. The 39 mammalian Hox genes have considerable functional overlap, greatly confounding their study. In this report, we generated mice with multiple combinations of paralogous and flanking Abd-B Hox gene mutations to investigate functional redundancies in kidney development. The resulting mice developed a number of kidney abnormalities, including hypoplasia, agenesis, and severe cysts, with distinct Hox functions observed in early metanephric kidney formation and nephron progenitor maintenance. Most surprising, however, was that extensive removal of Hox shared function in these kidneys resulted in cellular level lineage infidelity. Strikingly, mutant nephron tubules consisted of intermixed cells with proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and collecting duct identities, with some single cells expressing markers associated with more than one nephron segment. These results indicate that Hox genes are required for proper lineage selection/maintenance and full repression of genes involved in cell fate restriction in the developing kidney.