bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Cs2SnX6: Facile Solution Synthesis and Excellent Stability
Authors: Han Xiao , Liang Jia , Yang Ji‐Hui , Soni Khushboo , Fang Qiyi , Wang Weipeng , Zhang Jing , Jia Shuai , Martí Angel A. , Zhao Yan , Lou Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLong‐term instability and possible lead contamination are the two main issues limiting the widespread application of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites. Here a facile and efficient solution‐phase method is demonstrated to synthesize lead‐free Cs2SnX6 (X = Br, I) with a well‐defined crystal structure, long‐term stability, and high yield. Based on the systematic experimental data and first‐principle simulation results, Cs2SnX6 displays excellent stability against moisture, light, and high temperature, which can be ascribed to the unique vacancy‐ordered defect‐variant structure, stable chemical compositions with Sn4+, as well as the lower formation enthalpy for Cs2SnX6. Additionally, photodetectors based on Cs2SnI6 are also fabricated, which show excellent performance and stability. This study provides very useful insights into the development of lead‐free double perovskites with high stability.
Labelling and quality of antimicrobial products used in chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
Authors: Yen Nguyen Thi Phuong , Phu Doan Hoang , Van Cuong Nguyen , Kiet Bach Tuan , Hien Be Vo , Padungtod Pawin , Truong Dinh Bao , Thwaites Guy E. , Carrique‐Mas Juan J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Mekong Delta of Vietnam is a hotspot of antimicrobial use (AMU), but there is no information on the quality of the labelling and strength of antimicrobial products used in poultry production.MethodsBased on a large random sample of farms, we identified the 20 most used antimicrobial products in the area, and investigated their antimicrobial active ingredient (AAI) content by UPLC‐MS/MS (91 analytical tests).ResultsOnly 17/59 (28.8%) batches contained all AAIs within 10% of the declared strength. Worryingly, 65.0% products provided in their label preparation guidelines for both therapeutic and prophylactic use. Withdrawal times for both meat and eggs were stated in 8/20 (40%) products.ConclusionResults highlight deficiencies in quality and labelling contents that undermine authorities’ efforts to discourage inappropriate use of antimicrobials.
Dogs with osteosarcoma have altered pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine profiles
Authors: Axiak‐Bechtel Sandra M. , Mathew Leanne M. , Amorim Juliana R. , DeClue Amy E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent advances in immunotherapy are an exciting area of study in canine osteosarcoma (OSA). The objective of this study was to determine the immune response in dogs with osteosarcoma by measuring stimulated leukocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10 and TNF and IL‐6 to IL‐10 ratios.MethodsWhole blood was collected from dogs with osteosarcoma receiving non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, n = 11), dogs with osteosarcoma not receiving NSAIDs (n = 14) and healthy dogs (n = 5).ResultsNo difference in TNF production was found among healthy and OSA dogs regardless of NSAID administration following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p = .410), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (p = .693) or PBS (p = .120). Leukocyte IL‐6 production was greater in all dogs with OSA after stimulation with LPS (p = .015), LTA (p = .014) and PBS (p = .034) with no difference between OSA dogs receiving NSAIDs and those not. No differences in IL‐10 were found among healthy controls and dogs with OSA regardless of NSAID use. There was no difference among groups for LPS‐stimulated TNF to IL‐10 ratios (p = .407). For LTA‐stimulated leukocytes, the TNF to IL‐10 ratio was lower in dogs with OSA than in healthy dogs (p = .031) with no difference between OSA NSAID dogs compared to OSA non‐NSAID dogs (p = .059). No differences were found in LPS (p = .310)‐ or LTA (p = .265)‐stimulated leukocyte IL‐6 to IL‐10 production ratios among groups.ConclusionsDogs with osteosarcoma have an altered pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory immunologic profile compared to healthy dogs regardless of NSAID use. Further study is indicated to determine the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications of these findings.
Making machine learning a useful tool in the accelerated discovery of transition metal complexes
Authors: Kulik Heather J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs machine learning (ML) has matured, it has opened a new frontier in theoretical and computational chemistry by offering the promise of simultaneous paradigm shifts in accuracy and efficiency. Nowhere is this advance more needed, but also more challenging to achieve, than in the discovery of open‐shell transition metal complexes. Here, localizeddorfelectrons exhibit variable bonding that is challenging to capture even with the most computationally demanding methods. Thus, despite great promise, clear obstacles remain in constructing ML models that can supplement or even replace explicit electronic structure calculations. In this article, I outline the recent advances in building ML models in transition metal chemistry, including the ability to approach sub‐kcal/mol accuracy on a range of properties with tailored representations, to discover and enumerate complexes in large chemical spaces, and to reveal opportunities for design through analysis of feature importance. I discuss unique considerations that have been essential to enabling ML in open‐shell transition metal chemistry, including (a) the relationship of data set size/diversity, model complexity, and representation choice, (b) the importance of quantitative assessments of both theory and model domain of applicability, and (c) the need to enable autonomous generation of reliable, large data sets both for ML model training and in active learning or discovery contexts. Finally, I summarize the next steps toward making ML a mainstream tool in the accelerated discovery of transition metal complexes.This article is categorized under:Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional TheorySoftware > Molecular ModelingComputer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Optimal decay ratio of damped slowly rotating Timoshenko beams
Authors: Woźniak J. , Firkowski M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA stability analysis was performed in the problem of a rotating Timoshenko beam whose movement is controlled by the angular acceleration of the driving motor into which the beam is rigidly clamped. We introduce a damping operator with respect to a rotation angle of a cross section area of rotating Timoshenko beam model, and show the asymptotic stability of the system under certain assumptions. We find the optimal damping coefficient, maximizing the stability margin of the system.
Laparoscopic Liver Surgery Training Course on Thiel‐Embalmed Human Cadavers: Program Evaluation, Trainer's Long‐Term Feedback and Steps Forward
Authors: Rashidian Nikdokht , Willaert Wouter , Giglio Mariano Cesare , Scuderi Vincenzo , Tozzi Francesca , Vanlander Aude , D'Herde Katharina , Alseidi Adnan , Troisi Roberto I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the feedback of participants upon laparoscopic liver surgery (LLS) course on Thiel‐embalmed human bodies.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2017, ten LLS masterclasses have been organized by the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery at Ghent University Hospital. A 23‐question anonymous survey was electronically sent to 119 participants between November 2017 and January 2018, exploring their characteristics and asking for evaluation of the course. The obstacles for implementing LLS in their centers have been assessed.ResultsSixty‐four surgeons (53.8%) responded to the survey; 42 (65.6%) were employed at a university hospital; and 39 (60.9%) were in the first decade of their practice as a consultant surgeon. Forty‐three (67.2%) surgeons reported an increased percentage of LLS cases afterward. Training on Thiel cadavers was considered superior (49.2%) to other training options including proctoring in the operating room (34.9%), virtual reality (6.3%), video training (4.8%) and practicing on pigs (4.8%). Obstacles identified contained inadequate training, patient's referral pattern, financial issues, lack of dedicated surgical team and time constrains.ConclusionsThis survey revealed that a structured short‐time program incorporating interactive discussion, live operations and hands‐on training on human bodies under proctorship may enhance efficient training in laparoscopic liver surgery. In a step forward for upcoming courses, the importance of team building has to be addressed.
Disease severity and minimal clinically important differences in clinical outcome assessments for Alzheimer's disease clinical trials
Authors: Andrews J. Scott , Desai Urvi , Kirson Noam Y. , Zichlin Miriam L. , Ball Daniel E. , Matthews Brandy R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis study estimated the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for Mini Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes, and Functional Activities Questionnaire across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (9/2005‐9/2016) and MCID for clinical outcomes were estimated using anchor‐based (clinician's assessment of meaningful decline) and distribution‐based (1/2 baseline standard deviation) approaches, stratified by severity of cognitive impairment.ResultsOn average, a 1‐3 point decrease in Mini Mental State Examination, 1‐2 point increase in Clinical Dementia Scale sum of boxes, and 3‐5 point increase in Functional Activities Questionnaire were indicative of a meaningful decline. The MCID values generally increased by disease severity; the effect size and standardized response mean for those with meaningful decline were consistently in the acceptable ranges for MCID.DiscussionThese findings can inform design and interpretation of future clinical trials.
Maps, meanings and loanwords: The interaction of geography and semantics in lexical borrowing
Authors: Franco Karlien , Geeraerts Dirk , Speelman Dirk , van Hout Roeland 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe use of loanwords is generally attributed to a social feature, like social prestige, and to semantic features, like the need to fill a lexical gap. However, few studies take into account variation in the use of loanwords within a speech community, and directly compare the frequency of loanwords from more than one source language. This paper contributes to research on lexical borrowing by comparing the distribution of loanwords from three different source languages in two large databases of dialect data. We take an onomasiological perspective, which allows us to gauge the frequency of borrowed lexical items vis-à-vis alternative expressions. Using Generalized Additive Mixed Modeling, we show that the usage of loanwords can only be explained by taking into account the interaction between semantics and geographical diffusion. Our analysis confirms that the patterns that occur almost exclusively reflect changes in socio-cultural history.
Integrating conservation and socioeconomic development: the potential of community nurseries in Mexican protected areas
Authors: Luna-Nieves Adriana L , García-Frapolli Eduardo , Bonfil Consuelo , Meave Jorge A , Ibarra-Manríquez Guillermo 
Published: August 2019

SummaryCommunity nurseries within natural protected areas (NPAs) represent an attractive option to link biodiversity conservation with socioeconomic development, yet their functioning lacks proper assessment. Here, we analyse the national context of community nurseries in Mexican NPAs and suggest a specific framework to evaluate their viability. First, we examine the impact of a major governmental funding programme on these projects. Next, we conduct a case study in a focal nursery to identify challenges faced by its operation. Despite the large number of community nurseries funded by the programme, current performance indicators are not suitable to assess their viability. In turn, the case study reveals this nursery’s partial success, with a clear contribution to social development but a limited impact on economic improvement and vegetation conservation. Regardless of the characteristics of individual community nurseries, we suggest a framework that is potentially useful for evaluating community nursery viability, which enables agencies to detect problems, find solutions and use resources efficiently, while balancing biodiversity conservation and development.
Dysregulated Irritability as a Window on Young Children's Psychiatric Risk: Transdiagnostic Effects via the Family Check-Up
Authors: Smith Justin D. , Wakschlag Lauren , Krogh-Jespersen Sheila , Walkup John T. , Wilson Melvin N. , Dishion Thomas J. , Shaw Daniel S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBuilding on prior work using Tom Dishion's Family Check-Up, the current article examined intervention effects on dysregulated irritability in early childhood. Dysregulated irritability, defined as reactive and intense response to frustration, and prolonged angry mood, is an ideal marker of neurodevelopmental vulnerability to later psychopathology because it is a transdiagnostic indicator of decrements in self-regulation that are measurable in the first years of life that have lifelong implications for health and disease. This study is perhaps the first randomized trial to examine the direct effects of an evidence- and family-based intervention, the Family Check-Up (FCU), on irritability in early childhood and the effects of reductions in irritability on later risk of child internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Data from the geographically and sociodemographically diverse multisite Early Steps randomized prevention trial were used. Path modeling revealed intervention effects on irritability at age 4, which predicted lower externalizing and internalizing symptoms at age 10.5. Results indicate that family-based programs initiated in early childhood can reduce early childhood irritability and later risk for psychopathology. This holds promise for earlier identification and prevention approaches that target transdiagnostic pathways. Implications for future basic and prevention research are discussed.
HIGHER -THEORY OF FORMS I. FROM RINGS TO EXACT CATEGORIES
Authors: Schlichting Marco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe prove the analog for the $K$-theory of forms of the $Q=+$ theorem in algebraic $K$-theory. That is, we show that the $K$-theory of forms defined in terms of an $S_{\bullet }$-construction is a group completion of the category of quadratic spaces for form categories in which all admissible exact sequences split. This applies for instance to quadratic and hermitian forms defined with respect to a form parameter.
Prolonged Movement on a > 10‐km‐Wide Thrust During Early Paleozoic Orogens in the Gondwana Margin of NW Argentina
Authors: Semenov Ivan , F. Weinberg Roberto , Taylor Richard J. M. , Jourdan Fred 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe >10‐km thick Paleozoic Guacha Corral shear zone in Central Argentina is arguably one of the thickest thrust zones anywhere. It played a key role during the two early Paleozoic orogenies of western Gondwana and currently separates two terranes: one dominated by events related to the >510‐Ma Pampean Orogeny and the other by the <500‐Ma events of the Famatinian Orogeny. The combination of structures and geochronometry suggests that the shear zone was active for over 100 Ma. Thrusting started during migmatization at 520 Ma as recorded by U‐Pb ages in zircon and monazite and was demonstrably active also at 480 and 470 Ma. The age coincidence between Ar plateau ages of muscovite and biotite at 420 Ma in the upper part of the shear zone, and at 405 Ma in the lower part suggests two intense cooling pulses. These are ascribed to thrusting, rapid exhumation, and cooling. Its anomalous width is likely a result of this prolonged kinematic history related to its role in transferring shortening to the Pampean forearc possibly as a basal detachment and later by acting as the main boundary between the Pampean and Famatinian tectonometamorphic terranes. The two low‐temperature shearing events inferred from the Ar ages suggest that deformation continued during the period between the end of the Famatinian cycle at ~440 Ma and the start of the Chanic or Achalian Orogeny and its magmatism after 400 Ma.
Resolving Sahelian thunderstorms improves mid-latitude weather forecasts
Authors: Pante Gregor , Knippertz Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe summertime West African Sahel has the worldwide highest degree of thunderstorm organisation into long-lived, several hundred-kilometre elongated, fast propagating systems that contribute 90% to the annual rainfall. All current global weather prediction and climate models represent thunderstorms using simplified parameterisation schemes which deteriorates the modelled distribution of rainfall from individual storms and the entire West African monsoon circulation. It is unclear how this misrepresentation of Sahelian convection affects forecasts globally. Our study is the first to demonstrate how a computationally feasible increase of model resolution over West Africa – allowing to avoid convection parameterisation – yields a better representation of organised convection in the Sahel and of moisture within the monsoon system, ultimately improving 5–8-day tropical and mid-latitude weather forecasts. We advocate an operational use of a modelling strategy similar to the one presented here for a cost-effective improvement of global weather prediction and potentially even (sub-)seasonal and climate simulations.
A murine neonatal model of necrotizing enterocolitis caused by anemia and red blood cell transfusions
Authors: MohanKumar Krishnan , Namachivayam Kopperuncholan , Song Tanjing , Jake Cha Byeong , Slate Andrea , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Pan Hua , Wickline Samuel A. , Oh Joo-Yeun , Patel Rakesh P. , He Ling , Torres Benjamin A. , Maheshwari Akhil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an idiopathic, inflammatory bowel necrosis of premature infants. Clinical studies have linked NEC with antecedent red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we report a neonatal murine model to investigate this association. C57BL/6 mouse pups rendered anemic by timed phlebotomy and then given RBC transfusions develop NEC-like intestinal injury with prominent necrosis, inflammation, and submucosal edema/separation of the lamina propria in the ileocecal region and colon within 12–24 h. The anemic intestine is infiltrated by inflammatory macrophages, which are activated in situ by RBC transfusions via a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-mediated mechanism and cause bowel injury. Chelation of RBC degradation products with haptoglobin, absence of TLR4, macrophage depletion, and inhibition of macrophage activation is protective. Intestinal injury worsens with increasing severity and the duration of anemia prior to transfusion, indicating a need for the re-evaluation of current transfusion guidelines for premature infants.
Long-term tolerance of islet allografts in nonhuman primates induced by apoptotic donor leukocytes
Authors: Singh Amar , Ramachandran Sabarinathan , Graham Melanie L. , Daneshmandi Saeed , Heller David , Suarez-Pinzon Wilma Lucia , Balamurugan Appakalai N. , Ansite Jeffrey D. , Wilhelm Joshua J. , Yang Amy , Zhang Ying , Palani Nagendra P. , Abrahante Juan E. , Burlak Christopher , Miller Stephen D. , Luo Xunrong , Hering Bernhard J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImmune tolerance to allografts has been pursued for decades as an important goal in transplantation. Administration of apoptotic donor splenocytes effectively induces antigen-specific tolerance to allografts in murine studies. Here we show that two peritransplant infusions of apoptotic donor leukocytes under short-term immunotherapy with antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody 2C10R4, rapamycin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor and anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody induce long-term (≥1 year) tolerance to islet allografts in 5 of 5 nonsensitized, MHC class I-disparate, and one MHC class II DRB allele-matched rhesus macaques. Tolerance in our preclinical model is associated with a regulatory network, involving antigen-specific Tr1 cells exhibiting a distinct transcriptome and indirect specificity for matched MHC class II and mismatched class I peptides. Apoptotic donor leukocyte infusions warrant continued investigation as a cellular, nonchimeric and translatable method for inducing antigen-specific tolerance in transplantation.
A human memory circuit derived from brain lesions causing amnesia
Authors: Ferguson Michael A. , Lim Chun , Cooke Danielle , Darby R. Ryan , Wu Ona , Rost Natalia S. , Corbetta Maurizio , Grafman Jordan , Fox Michael D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman memory is thought to depend on a circuit of connected brain regions, but this hypothesis has not been directly tested. We derive a human memory circuit using 53 case reports of strokes causing amnesia and a map of the human connectome (n = 1000). This circuit is reproducible across discovery (n = 27) and replication (n = 26) cohorts and specific to lesions causing amnesia. Its hub is at the junction of the presubiculum and retrosplenial cortex. Connectivity with this single location defines a human brain circuit that incorporates > 95% of lesions causing amnesia. Lesion intersection with this circuit predicts memory scores in two independent datasets (N1 = 97, N2 = 176). This network aligns with neuroimaging correlates of episodic memory, abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease, and brain stimulation sites reported to enhance memory in humans.
TeraVR empowers precise reconstruction of complete 3-D neuronal morphology in the whole brain
Authors: Wang Yimin , Li Qi , Liu Lijuan , Zhou Zhi , Ruan Zongcai , Kong Lingsheng , Li Yaoyao , Wang Yun , Zhong Ning , Chai Renjie , Luo Xiangfeng , Guo Yike , Hawrylycz Michael , Luo Qingming , Gu Zhongze , Xie Wei , Zeng Hongkui , Peng Hanchuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeuron morphology is recognized as a key determinant of cell type, yet the quantitative profiling of a mammalian neuron’s complete three-dimensional (3-D) morphology remains arduous when the neuron has complex arborization and long projection. Whole-brain reconstruction of neuron morphology is even more challenging as it involves processing tens of teravoxels of imaging data. Validating such reconstructions is extremely laborious. We develop TeraVR, an open-source virtual reality annotation system, to address these challenges. TeraVR integrates immersive and collaborative 3-D visualization, interaction, and hierarchical streaming of teravoxel-scale images. Using TeraVR, we have produced precise 3-D full morphology of long-projecting neurons in whole mouse brains and developed a collaborative workflow for highly accurate neuronal reconstruction.
Dirac plasmon-assisted asymmetric hot carrier generation for room-temperature infrared detection
Authors: Safaei Alireza , Chandra Sayan , Shabbir Muhammad Waqas , Leuenberger Michael N. , Chanda Debashis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to the low photon energy, detection of infrared photons is challenging at room temperature. Thermoelectric effect offers an alternative mechanism bypassing material bandgap restriction. In this article, we demonstrate an asymmetric plasmon-induced hot-carrier Seebeck photodetection scheme at room temperature that exhibits a remarkable responsivity of 2900 VW−1, detectivity of 1.1 × 109 Jones along with a fast response of ~100 ns in the technologically relevant 8–12 µm band. This is achieved by engineering the asymmetric electronic environment of the generated hot carriers on chemical vapor deposition grown large area nanopatterned monolayer graphene, which leads to a temperature gradient of 4.7 K across the device terminals for an incident power of 155 nW, thereby enhancing the photo-thermoelectric voltage by manifold compared to previous reports. The results presented outline a strategy for uncooled, tunable, and multispectral infrared detection.