bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotechnological innovation in fish breeding: from marker assisted selection to genetic modification
Authors: Lal Jham , Vaishnav Anand , Singh Soibam Khogen , Meena Dharmendra Kumar , Biswas Pradyut , Mehta Naresh Kumar , Priyadarshini Mocherla Bhargavi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiotechnological approaches have revolutionized the field of fish breeding, from marker-assisted selection to genetic modification. MAS employs molecular markers to identify and select individuals with advantageous traits, such as enhanced disease resistance and improved carcass quality, without introducing foreign DNA. This traditional method leverages natural genetic variation but is limited by the availability of markers and the complexity of traits. In contrast, the GM incorporates exogenous DNA into the fish genome, enabling the introduction of new traits and the modification of multiple traits simultaneously. This approach has been used to enhanceincrease growth rates, disease resistance, and feed conversion efficiency. However, the use of GM is controversial due to because of concerns about the safety and environmental impact of genetically modified organisms. Both MAS and GM present unique advantages and challenges: MAS is less controversial and relies on existing genetic diversity but has a limited scope, whereas GM is versatile but faces significant scrutiny. Together, these biotechnological approaches offer new opportunities for enhancing the sustainability and profitability of aquaculture. This review explores the potential and limitations of MAS and GM, highlighting their roles in the future of fish breeding and broader implications for the aquaculture industry.
The power of many colours
Authors: Alon Noga , Bucić Matija , Christoph Micha , Krivelevich Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A classical problem, due to Gerencsér and Gyárfás from 1967, asks how large a monochromatic connected component can we guarantee in any r-edge colouring of

$K_n$

? We consider how big a connected component we can guarantee in any r-edge colouring of

$K_n$

if we allow ourselves to use up to s colours. This is actually an instance of a more general question of Bollobás from about 20 years ago which asks for a k-connected subgraph in the same setting. We complete the picture in terms of the approximate behaviour of the answer by determining it up to a logarithmic term, provided n is large enough. We obtain more precise results for certain regimes which solve a problem of Liu, Morris and Prince from 2007, as well as disprove a conjecture they pose in a strong form.
We also consider a generalisation in a similar direction of a question first considered by Erdős and Rényi in 1956, who considered given n and m, what is the smallest number of m-cliques which can cover all edges of

$K_n$

? This problem is essentially equivalent to the question of what is the minimum number of vertices that are certain to be incident to at least one edge of some colour in any r-edge colouring of

$K_n$

. We consider what happens if we allow ourselves to use up to s colours. We obtain a more complete understanding of the answer to this question for large n, in particular, determining it up to a constant factor for all

$1\le s \le r$

, as well as obtaining much more precise results for various ranges including the correct asymptotics for essentially the whole range.
Eichler–Selberg relations for singular moduli
Authors: Deng Yuqi , Matsusaka Toshiki , Ono Ken 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Eichler–Selberg trace formula expresses the trace of Hecke operators on spaces of cusp forms as weighted sums of Hurwitz–Kronecker class numbers. We extend this formula to a natural class of relations for traces of singular moduli, where one views class numbers as traces of the constant function

$j_0(\tau )=1$

. More generally, we consider the singular moduli for the Hecke system of modular functions

For each

$\nu \geq 0$

and

$m\geq 1$

, we obtain an Eichler–Selberg relation. For

$\nu =0$

and

$m\in \{1, 2\},$

these relations are Kaneko’s celebrated singular moduli formulas for the coefficients of

$j(\tau ).$

For each

$\nu \geq 1$

and

$m\geq 1,$

we obtain a new Eichler–Selberg trace formula for the Hecke action on the space of weight

$2 \nu +2$

cusp forms, where the traces of

$j_m(\tau )$

singular moduli replace Hurwitz–Kronecker class numbers. These formulas involve a new term that is assembled from values of symmetrized shifted convolution L-functions.
A McKay Correspondence in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Liedtke Christian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We establish a McKay correspondence for finite and linearly reductive subgroup schemes of

${\mathbf {SL}}_2$

in positive characteristic. As an application, we obtain a McKay correspondence for all rational double point singularities in characteristic

$p\geq 7$

. We discuss linearly reductive quotient singularities and canonical lifts over the ring of Witt vectors. In dimension 2, we establish simultaneous resolutions of singularities of these canonical lifts via G-Hilbert schemes. In the appendix, we discuss several approaches towards the notion of conjugacy classes for finite group schemes: This is an ingredient in McKay correspondences, but also of independent interest.
The category-modifier system: a hierarchical classification scheme for vertebrate tooth marks
Authors: Wyenberg-Henzler Taia C. A. , Fowler Denver W. , Currie Philip J. , Sullivan Corwin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Preserved records of tooth–bone interactions, known as tooth marks, can yield a wealth of information regarding organismal behavior and ecology. For this reason, workers in a wide range of disciplines, but particularly paleontology, have inspected and interpreted these features for decades. Although previous studies have gleaned invaluable insights, they have also described tooth marks using terminological frameworks that have been incompletely defined, have incorporated behavioral hypotheses in definitions, and/or have been inconsistently applied. To address these problems, we introduce the category-modifier (CM) system, the first system to both sort tooth marks into clearly defined main categories and use descriptive modifiers to characterize their appearance more precisely. The CM system is designed to apply to a wide range of vertebrates, to enable comparisons across disciplines and studies, and to help researchers keep their investigations into behavioral hypotheses free of circular reasoning.
Local Governments’ Response to Discrimination: A Temporal Framework to Analyze Local Anti-discrimination Policy and Actions
Authors: Martiniello Billie , Verhaeghe Pieter-Paul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Discrimination is widely studied, with extensive research measuring discrimination on the housing and labor markets. This study examines how local governments address this well-documented issue, by conducting content analysis on 45 policy documents and by performing semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 alder(wo)men and diversity officers across nine Belgian cities. We introduce a temporal framework combining why, what, how, and when local anti-discrimination policy and actions are established. Such a framework is useful, as we do not approach policy as fixed, but pay attention to how actions evolve over time, even within one so-called anti-discrimination policy.This enables scholars and policymakers to identify decision-making patterns, predict changes over time, and understand contextual influences. Besides, unlike existing models rooted in integration or diversity policy, our framework captures the unique aspects of anti-discrimination policy, enabling a thorough understanding of the (non-)adoption of concrete anti-discrimination actions.
Record of Renicola sloanei Wright, 1954 (Plagiorchiida: Renicolidae) in the Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758) arrived at the Canary Islands (Spain)
Authors: Pino-Vera R. , Miquel J. , Suárez-Santana C. , Martín-Carrillo N. , Abreu-Acosta N. , Marrero-Ponce L. , Fariña-Brito A. , Rodríguez B. , Fernández A. , Foronda P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the winter of 2022–2023, hundreds of the Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) appeared dead in the coast of the Canary Islands, a rare event considering their cold-living habits, normally occupying the North Atlantic Ocean. In this work, investigation about the parasites present in the Atlantic puffins found in the biggest islands of the Archipelago was carried out from a population portion. Necropsies of 39 birds were made and, during the examination of the urinary tracts, helminths were found. Morphoanatomical analysis under microscope allowed to identify them into Renicola genus with high similarity to Renicola sloanei. After that, DNA was extracted and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene were amplificated by a polymerase chain reaction method followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The molecular results demonstrated that in fact R. sloanei was the helminth parasite present in the urinary tracts of the Atlantic puffins found in the Canary Islands.
Economisation as boundary work: Integrating climate change into IMF surveillance
Authors: Skovgaard Jakob 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In 2021, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) moved to integrate climate risks into its Article IV surveillance of member states. While the IMF has not traditionally been at the forefront of climate change efforts, this decision involved defining climate change as a risk to macro-economic stability. I argue that the integration of climate change into IMF surveillance can be understood as a case of international organisation (IO) boundary work taking place via the mechanism of economisation: an economic institution addressing a (traditionally non-economic) issue as an economic issue. The study identifies crucial factors shaping this boundary expansion, particularly the agency of IMF staff, as well as preferences within the IMF Executive Board, and institutional ideas. The straightforward integration of physical and transition climate risks is in contrast to the contestation surrounding the integration of mitigation policy. The findings contribute to the literature on IOs and their boundaries, change within the IMF, and the environmental political economy. The analysis reveals the role of IMF staff in this boundary work and, in addition, that institutionalised ideas and the heterogeneous preferences among member states acted as scope conditions limiting how far this economisation could go.
Hospital-based health technology assessment of a screening rapid test MTBI (GFAP and UCH-L1 blood biomarkers) for mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Menacho Román Miriam , Penedo Alonso Jose Roberto , Morales Rodríguez Audrey , Pecharromán de las Heras Inés , Vicente Bartulos Agustina , Arribas Gómez Ignacio , Plana Farrás Nieves 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The assessment of technology in hospital settings is a crucial step towards ensuring the delivery of efficient, effective, and safe healthcare.

Objective
This study conducts a Hospital-Based Health Technology Assessment to evaluate the efficacy of a screening rapid test for mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mild TBI) utilizing blood biomarkers, specifically Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1). The assessment focuses on the clinical utility and performance characteristics of the proposed rapid test within a hospital setting.

Methods
The screening model was meticulously examined for its ability to accurately detect mild TBI, considering the sensitivity and specificity of GFAP and UCH-L1 as blood biomarkers. The study involved a thorough evaluation of the test’s diagnostic accuracy, comparing its outcomes with established standards for mild TBI diagnosis.
Results from the Hospital-Based Health Technology Assessment highlight the potential of the GFAP and UCH-L1 blood biomarker-based rapid test as an efficient screening tool for mild TBI within a hospital environment. The evidence results show that the test is highly sensitive (91 percent to 100 percent) for the prediction of acute traumatic intracranial lesions, which helps rule out injury when the result is negative. When used within 12 hours of injury in adult patients with mild TBI, this test holds promise in reducing the utilization of CT.

Conclusion
The findings contribute valuable insights into the feasibility and reliability of implementing this technology for timely and accurate identification of mild TBI, enhancing clinical decision making and patient care in hospital settings.
Reflection on legal transplantation theories: a socio-legal historical study of the formulation and evolution of Chinese marine insurance law
Authors: Wang Jia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper offers a socio-legal historical analysis of the process of formulation and evolution of Chinese marine insurance law by transplanting foreign laws, with a view to grasping from the material of legal history and social reality the deeper significance of the imported law’s relation to tradition, ideology and environmental context. The key argument is that this perspective reveals how transplanted law emerges as an authorless product shaped by social forces and processes. It is created by the operation of institutional arrangements of law-making, which provide the platform for the interplay of diverse traditions and interests generated by the social environment of the importing jurisdiction. This research integrates several lines of discussion of legal transplantation that lack connection, highlights the impact of the transplanting process and contributes to current theoretical debates by proposing potential interdisciplinary research for future studies of legal transplantation.
Liberalism of religious Muslims in illiberal Muslim-majority and minority societies: evidence from Azerbaijan and Georgia
Authors: Dzutsati Valery , Wuthrich F. Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow does a religious group's demographic status influence its members' attitudes toward economic and political liberalization? This study adopts a contextual approach and compares Azeri Muslims' political and economic attitudes in two illiberal states, Azerbaijan and Georgia. We argue that attitudes toward liberalization are shaped by the strength of association with one’s religious community and its relative position vis-à-vis the state and society. Drawing on a series of Caucasus Barometer surveys, we find that context and position in society matter. In religiously restrictive Muslim-majority Azerbaijan, Muslims’ religiosity is associated with greater support for political liberalization but lower support for economic liberalization. In religiously restrictive non-Muslim-majority Georgia, however, Muslims’ religiosity reflects the converse: opposition to political liberalization but support for economic liberalization. Thus, instead of theologies, the political and economic opportunity structures facing religious groups may play a critical role in determining their attitudes toward various forms of liberalization.
Internal Climate Variability Obscures Future Freezing Rain Changes Despite Global Warming Trend
Authors: Zhuang Haoyu (Richard) , DeGaetano Arthur T. , Lehner Flavio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have projected changes in freezing rain under future climate conditions, the internal variability of freezing rain remains poorly quantified. Here, we introduce a framework utilizing a novel machine‐learning algorithm to diagnose freezing rain in reanalysis and climate model simulations. By employing multivariate quantile mapping, we decompose the projected freezing rain trend into contributions from changes in temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation, which helps separate the forced response from internal climate variability. Our finding reveals a notable decrease in freezing rain occurrence in most areas. Despite a substantial temperature increase, internal variability overshadows climate forcing across a large portion of the eastern United States until about 2050. This insight has implications for practitioners, suggesting that the observed freezing rain frequency climatology continues to provide a relevant baseline for decision‐making in the near term. However, longer‐term design and adaptation plans should consider the projected changes in these regions.
Exploring the Characteristics of Ocean Surface Winds at High Resolution With Doppler Scatterometry
Authors: Wineteer Alexander , Rodriguez Ernesto , Martin Dragana Perkovic , Torres Hector , Polverari Federica , Akbar Ruzbeh , Rocha Cesar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOcean wind plays a fundamental role in the Earth's climate system by transporting heat, moisture, and gases globally while mediating their exchange with the ocean. How, and at what scales these processes occur is an active area of research, and modeling studies suggest that the strongest vertical transport and air‐sea exchanges occur at small scales. This paper introduces results from the S‐MODE campaign, during which a Doppler Scatterometer mapped 2D ocean vector wind on scales between 200 m and 100 km. While in an average sense, DopplerScatt wind data match classical spectra, atmospheric rolls, convection, and underlying ocean currents all drive unique wind spectra that are inconsistent with the average. Frequent observations of strong atmospheric divergence imply small‐scale vertical transport reaching 10 km/day. These results are not consistent with Kolmogorov and two‐dimensional turbulence theories due to anisotropy and divergence.
Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic Mechanisms in Hydraulic Fracturing With a Focus on Natural Fractures
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Chen Zhiqiang , He Xupeng , Liu Jingyao , Guo Songfeng , Zheng Bowen , Yousef Ali , Qi Shengwen , Wang Moran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe hydraulic fracturing process is a prominent example of fracture network evolution under stress. However, the interactions between hydraulic fractures and natural fracture networks, along with the connectivity evolution of the resultant fracture networks, require more research. This research incorporates discrete fracture networks to characterize subsurface structures and employs the Discrete Element ‐ Lattice Boltzmann Method to simulate the hydraulic fracturing process. The dynamic evolution of subsurface structures, including the initiation of hydraulic fractures and their interaction with natural fractures, is systematically investigated. Results indicate that natural fractures significantly impact fracture initiation, propagation, and connectivity evolution, which in turn affects fluid production. Fracture strength is key for the interaction, and hydraulic fractures tend to propagate along weak natural fractures with low resistance. Fracture strength variability determines the final fracture networks, with low‐strength fractures breaking due to the altered in‐situ stress and forming local clusters. High injection rates and fluid viscosity result in a large pressure buildup and exaggerate the influential region. A multi‐cluster system is thus formed during the hydraulic fracturing process, and its connectivity can be well quantified with a novel connectivity metric. In low‐permeable reservoirs, fracture clusters connected to production wells can contribute instantly, while local clusters may contribute to production from a long‐term perspective. Injection rate, fluid viscosity, fracture orientation, and clustering effects have consistent positive correlations with the total connectivity and production. Heterogeneity has a weak positive correlation with fluid production, while a moderate negative correlation with total connectivity.
RudLOV is an optically synchronized cargo transport method revealing unexpected effects of dynasore
Authors: Tago Tatsuya , Ogawa Takumi , Goto Yumi , Toyooka Kiminori , Tojima Takuro , Nakano Akihiko , Satoh Takunori , Satoh Akiko K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Live imaging of secretory cargoes is a powerful method for understanding the mechanisms of membrane trafficking. Inducing the synchronous release of cargoes from an organelle is key for enhancing microscopic observation. We developed an optical cargo-releasing method, ‘retention using dark state of LOV2’ (RudLOV), which enables precise spatial, temporal, and quantity control during cargo release. A limited amount of cargo-release using RudLOV is able to visualize cargo cisternal-movement and cargo-specific exit sites on the Golgi/trans-Golgi network. Moreover, by controlling the timing of cargo-release using RudLOV, we reveal the canonical and non-canonical effects of the well-known dynamin inhibitor dynasore, which inhibits early- but not late-Golgi transport and exits from the trans-Golgi network where dynamin-2 is active. Accumulation of COPI vesicles at the cis-side of the Golgi stacks in dynasore-treated cells suggests that dynasore targets COPI-uncoating/tethering/fusion machinery in the early-Golgi cisternae or endoplasmic reticulum but not in the late-Golgi cisternae. These results provide insight into the cisternal maturation of Golgi stacks.
Surficial-enriched Ru on octahedral CeO2 with strong electronic interactions as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation in alkaline freshwater/seawater
Authors: Li Jing , Guo Ruotong , Zang Xingchao , Wang Yue , Li Hongdong , Xiao Weiping , Xin Liantao , Zong Yingxia , Fu Guangying , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2024

Surficial-enriched Ru was developed on octahedral CeO2 through a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and ultrafast (60 s) wet impregnation approaches, with the assistance of H2O2, which has superior electrocatalytic performance.
Dynamic equivalent modelling for active distributed network considering adjustable loads charging characteristics
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Zheng Jiehui , Li Zhigang , Wu Qing‐Hua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs more renewable energy generators and adjustable loads such as electric vehicles are being connected to the power grids, load modelling of the distribution network becomes more complicated. Therefore, this paper explores a dynamic equivalent modelling method for active distribution network that takes into account electric vehicle charging. First of all the combination of integrated ZIP loads and motors is adopted as an equivalent model for active distribution networks. Subsequently, a four‐layer, tri‐stage deep reinforcement learning approach is used to solve the relevant key parameters of the proposed equivalent model. The method proposed in this paper fully utilizes the superiority of reinforcement learning in decision making, while the method combines the excellent feature extraction capability of deep learning. The method utilizes measurements obtained at boundary nodes to obtain an active distributed network equivalent model after a series of calculations. At the same time, adjustable loads are identified in detail. On the other hand, this method introduces a prioritized empirical playback mechanism, log‐cosh loss function, and adaptive operator to improve the computational efficiency of the method. From the simulation results, the present method is effective.