bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЗМІНИ БІОХІМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ У КРОВІ ВИСОКО- ТА НИЗЬКОЕМОЦІЙНИХ ЩУРІВ ПРИ ЕТАНОЛОВОМУ ГЕПАТОЗІ
Authors: Kostiuk O. A. , Denefil O. V. , Golovata T. K. 
Published: November 2018

Вступ. Визначення механізмів ушкоджувального впливу етанолу на печінку у тварин з різною реактивністю може сприяти розробці нових методів лікування та профілактики алкогольного ураження органів і систем.
Метадослідження – виявити механізми ушкоджувального впливу при етаноловому гепатозі на організм високо- (ВЕ) та низькоемоційних (НЕ) щурів-самців.
Методи дослідження. Досліди виконано на 72 ВЕ і НЕ безпородних щурах-самцях віком 5,5–6 місяців. Тварин було поділено на 3 групи: контроль 1 (К1), контроль 2 (К2) та етаноловий гепатоз (ЕГ). Емоційний стан щурів визначали за методикою “відкрите поле”. Щури групи К2 протягом 67 днів замість води ­отримували 5 % розчин глюкози, тварини групи ЕГ – 10 % розчин етилового спирту, розведеного 5 % розчином глюкози. У сироватці крові визначали рівень аланін- та аспартатамінотрансферази, лужної фосфатази, загального білка, глюкози, показників окисної модифікації білків, дієнових і трієнових кон’югатів, шиффових основ, активність супероксиддисмутази, каталази, вміст церулоплазміну і пероксидазну активність крові. Забирали печінку для морфологічного дослідження.
Результати й обговорення. У НЕ щурів групи К1 відмічено більші активність процесів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, концентрацію глюкози, менші рівень аланінамінотрансферази, вміст білка. При ЕГ продукти пероксидного окиснення ліпідів зменшилися одночасно з підвищенням активності антиоксидантів, але зріс вміст продуктів окисної модифікації білків, знизився вміст загального білка, більше у ВЕ тварин; збільшилась глюкоза. У ВЕ щурів знизився рівень аланінамінотрансферази, у НЕ тварин він підвищився. печінка була більш уражена у ВЕ тварин.
Висновок. Моделювання етанолового гепатозу в щурів з різною емоційністю спричинює ураження гепатоцитів унаслідок зростання окисної модифікації білків, що більш виражено у ВЕ тварин.
Reactive Oxygen Species Are Necessary for Bleomycin A5-Induced Apoptosis and Extracellular Matrix Elimination of Nasal Polyp-Derived Fibroblasts
Authors: Wu Fan , Tian Peng , Ma Yun , Wang Jingyi , Ou Huashuang , Zou Hua 
Published: November 2018

Background: The pathology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) is characterized by the infiltration of a large number of fibroblasts, resulting in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Intralesional bleomycin A5 (BLE) injection has proved to be effective and safe, providing a novel treatment for CRSwNP. However, the mechanism is not clearly understood. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the possible mechanism of BLE-induced apoptosis in nasal polyp–derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). Material and methods: Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate probe, cell migration assays, and cell cycle analysis were used to detect the growth characteristics and basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) traits of NPDFs. Annexin V/propidium iodide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay was used to detect BLE-induced apoptosis. As a control, the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was used to abrogate ROS induced by BLE. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the effects of BLE on apoptosis and the ECM proteins of NPDFs. Results: The results showed that NPDFs had more active growth characteristics and higher basal ROS levels than normal nasal mucosa fibroblasts (NMFCs). NPDFs were more sensitive to BLE-induced apoptosis and ROS accumulation. GSH abrogation inhibits BLE-induced ECM degradation and apoptosis in NPDFs through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway. Conclusions: BLE induced NPDF apoptosis and ECM degradation through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway and in a ROS-dependent manner.
Assessing response to neo-adjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer using Intra-voxel Incoherent Motion modelling by DWI data and Standardized Index of Shape from DCE-MRI
Authors: Petrillo Antonella , Fusco Roberta , Granata Vincenza , Filice Salvatore , Sansone Mario , Rega Daniela , Delrio Paolo , Bianco Francesco , Romano Giovanni Maria , Tatangelo Fabiana , Avallone Antonio , Pecori Biagio 
Published: November 2018

Background: Our aim was to investigate preoperative chemoradiation therapy (pCRT) response in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) comparing standardized index of shape (SIS) obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with intravoxel-incoherent-motion-modelling-derived parameters by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and methods: Eighty-eight patients with LARC were subjected to MRI before and after pCRT. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tissue diffusion (Dt), pseudodiffusion (Dp) and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated and percentage changes ∆ADC, ∆Dt, ∆Dp, ∆f were computed. SIS was derived comparing DCE-MRI pre- and post-pCRT. Nonparametric tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed. Results: A total of 52 patients were classified as responders (tumour regression grade; TRG ⩽ 2) and 36 as not-responders (TRG > 3). Mann–Whitney U test showed statistically significant differences in SIS, ∆ADC and ∆Dt between responders and not-responders and between complete responders (19 patients with TRG = 1) versus incomplete responders. The best parameters to discriminate responders by nonresponders were SIS and ∆ADC, with an accuracy of 91% and 82% (cutoffs of −5.2% and 18.7%, respectively); the best parameters to detect pathological complete responders were SIS, ∆f and ∆Dp with an accuracy of 78% (cutoffs of 38.5%, 60.0% and 83.0%, respectively). No increase of performance was observed by combining linearly each possible couple of parameters or combining all parameters. Conclusion: SIS allows assessment of preoperative treatment response with high accuracy guiding the surgeon versus more or less conservative treatment. DWI-derived parameters reached less accuracy compared with SIS and combining linearly DCE- and DWI-derived parameters; no increase of accuracy was obtained.
Unconscious Racial Bias May Affect Dentists’ Clinical Decisions on Tooth Restorability: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Patel N. , Patel S. , Cotti E. , Bardini G. , Mannocci F. 
Published: November 2018

Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional survey, 57 dentists were given a clinical scenario in combination with a patient’s relevant clinical photographs and radiographs depicting either a Black or White patient presenting with a decayed tooth and associated symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. Explicit bias was measured through a questionnaire, which evaluated participants’ course of treatment, strength of recommendation, and their perception of patients’ dental cooperativeness. Implicit bias was evaluated through brief implicit associate tests. Results: Recommendation for root canal treatment (RCT) in the White patient condition was significantly higher than in the Black patient condition (χ2 = 4.77, P < 0.05). Overall, participants were significantly more likely to recommend root canal treatment to White patients (t = 2.46, P = 0.0172) and significantly more likely to recommend extraction for Black patients (t = 3.03, P = 0.0034). In total, 91.23% and 78.95% of all participants displayed high Brief Implicit Association Test race and cooperation scores, respectively, showing a pro-White bias in both categories. This trend was shown to be irrespective of the patient condition. Conclusions: Dentists’ decision making was affected by the race of the patient, resulting in a greater likelihood of extractions (less RCT) for Black patients presenting with a broken-down tooth and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians to understand the impact that unconscious racial bias may have on their treatment planning decisions. This information can create awareness, thereby reducing the impact that potential biases can have on the treatment patients receive.
Perceived and Assessed Dental Treatment Needs of Schoolchildren in Benoe Division, Cameroon
Authors: Keboa M.T. , Madathil S.A. , Nicolau B. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Oral health surveys combining clinical and subjective measures are effective to inform oral health policy, practice, and evaluation of oral health interventions. However, only a few studies have examined the agreement between these measures in developing countries. Objectives: This study investigates dental treatment needs among Cameroon’s schoolchildren; specifically, we aim to estimate the extent to which perceived and clinical measures are in agreement. Methods: Using a multistage sampling technique, we randomly selected 11 schools and their pupils to participate in this study. We conducted an oral clinical examination using a mouth mirror and blunt probe in a classroom to evaluate children’s oral health. In addition, the participants filled out a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, oral health behavior, and perceived treatment needs. To fulfill our aims, we use descriptive statistics and unconditional logistic regression. Results: Out of 700 children invited to participate, 692 completed the study (98.8%). The mean age of the children was 11.45 y (SD = 1.21), and there were slightly more boys ( n = 366, 52.9%) than girls ( n = 326, 47.1%). The majority of the children (85.2%) felt that their oral health was good, and more than half (53.2%) reported a perceived need for dental treatment. While 68.2% ( n = 472) had at least 1 objective treatment need, only 65.8% of them perceived this need, indicating a medium level of sensitivity (65.9%, 95% CI = 61.4% to 70.2%). In addition, we observed a high positive predictive value (84.5%, 95% CI = 80.4% to 88.1%) for perceived treatment need to detect clinically evaluated dental treatment need. Conclusion: Our findings show that perceived treatment has a high positive predicted value to determine clinical treatment need. Subjective assessment of treatment need may be an alternative low-cost option to help policy makers to design oral health interventions for Cameroonian children. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study illustrates the potential of schoolchildren in a low-income country to make a good prediction of their dental treatment needs. The majority of these countries lack the human and material resources to conduct oral health surveys that include clinical assessment of treatment needs. Therefore, stakeholders can rely on data from self-administered oral health surveys to inform policy and delivery of services to schoolchildren in resource-limited settings.
Evidence for oestrogen sensitivity in perinatal depression: pharmacological sex hormone manipulation study
Authors: Mehta Divya , Rex-Haffner Monika , Søndergaard Helle Bach , Pinborg Anja , Binder Elisabeth B. , Frokjaer Vibe G. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundEnhanced sensitivity to oestrogen signalling may drive increased risk for depressive symptoms when exposed to peripartum sex-steroid hormone fluctuations.AimTesting if 116 pre-identified sex steroid-responsive transcripts that predicted perinatal depression (PND) translates to a pharmacological model of hormone-induced mood changes.MethodWe generated longitudinal, genome-wide gene-expression and DNA-methylation data from 60 women exposed to a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) or placebo. We used linear mixed-effect models to assess differences between baseline and follow-up for gene expression and DNA methylation in the biphasic ovarian response to GnRHa.ResultsOf the 116 PND-predictive transcripts, a significant (19%) overlap was observed with those differentially expressed post-GnRHa at both early and later follow-up, indicating sustained effects. Similarly, 49% of tested genes were differentially methylated post-GnRHa at the late follow-up. Within the GnRHa group, a large proportion of PND genes were significantly associated (gene expression; DNA methylation) with changes in depressive symptoms (28%; 66%), oestradiol levels (49%; 66%) and neocortex serotonin transporter binding (8%; 45%) between baseline and follow-up.ConclusionsOur data bridge clinical PND biomarkers with a pharmacological model of sex hormone-induced mood changes and directly relate oestrogen-induced biological changes with depressive symptoms and associated serotonin-signalling changes. Our data highlight that individual variations in molecular sensitivity to oestrogen associate with susceptibility to hormone-induced mood changes and hold promise for candidate biomarkers.Declaration of interestV.G.F. received honorarium for being a speaker for H. Lundbeck A/S. E.B.B. receives research funding from Böhringer Ingelheim to investigate FKBP5 as a potential drug target for depression.
Progressive Increase in Scholarly Productivity of New American Board of Anesthesiology Diplomates From 2006 to 2016: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ford Daniel K. , Richman Aaron , Mayes Lena M. , Pagel Paul S. , Bartels Karsten 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND:
Improving research productivity is a common goal in academic anesthesiology. Initiatives to enhance scholarly productivity in anesthesiology were proposed more than a decade ago as a result of emphasis on clinical work. We hypothesized that American Board of Anesthesiology diplomates certified from 2006 to 2016 would be progressively more likely to have published at least once during this time period.

METHODS:
A complete list of 17,332 new diplomates was obtained from the American Board of Anesthesiology for the years 2006 to 2016. These names were queried using PubMed, and the number of publications up to and including the diplomate’s year of primary certification was recorded. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association of the year of primary certification and whether a diplomate had published at least once.

RESULTS:
The percentage of American Board of Anesthesiology diplomates with ≥1 publication at the time of primary certification increased from 14.9% to 29.3% from 2006 to 2016. The mean number of publications per diplomate more than doubled from 0.31 to 0.79. Logistic regression analysis revealed the year of primary certification as significantly associated with having ≥1 publication (P < .001). Using 2006 as the reference year, odds of having published at least once were higher in the years 2010 to 2016, with the highest odds ratio of having a article published occurring in 2016: 2.359 (confidence interval, 1.978–2.812; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Publications by new diplomates of the American Board of Anesthesiology have increased between 2006 and 2016. Whether the observed increase in publications could reflect efforts to stimulate interest in academic objectives during training remains to be proven.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Circulating Microvesicles: Discovery, Evolution, and Evidence as a Novel Biomarker and the Probable Causative Agent for Sepsis
Authors: Webber Robert J , Sweet Richard M , Webber Douglas S 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
The sepsis pathology remains an enormous medical problem globally because morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high in septic patients despite intense research efforts. The economic and societal burden of sepsis makes it the most pressing patient care issue in the US and worldwide. Sepsis is a dysregulated immune response normally initiated by an infection. The need for an early, accurate, and reliable biomarker test to detect the onset of sepsis and for a targeted sepsis therapy is widely recognized in the biomedical community.

Content
This report reviews the published findings relevant to microvesicle-associated inducible nitric oxide synthase (MV-A iNOS) as a novel plasma biomarker for the onset of sepsis, including human clinical studies and animal studies. Plasma iNOS as both a standalone test and 1 of the components of a novel panel of biomarkers to stage the progression of sepsis is presented and discussed in comparison with other biomarkers and other proposed panels of biomarkers for sepsis.

Summary
The data strongly support the concept that extracellular plasma MV-A iNOS in circulating microvesicles is centrally involved in the initiation of sepsis, and a diagnostic test based on plasma iNOS can serve as an early presymptomatic warning signal for the onset of sepsis. A novel panel of plasma biomarkers comprising iNOS, pro-interleukin-18, pro-interleukin-33, and regenerating protein 1-α is proposed as a multianalyte presymptomatic method to stage the onset of sepsis for improved, prompt, data-driven patient care.
When the subaltern speaks: Re-examining indigenous-language media as alternative public sphere during colonial South Africa
Authors: Motsaathebe Gilbert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article attempts to examine the efficacy of indigenous-language newspapers published in South Africa during the colonial era. In doing so, the article is particularly interested to see how the success achieved by those publications could be replicated to boost post-apartheid indigenous-language media in their encounter with the hegemonic onslaught of the mainstream media whose scope and hegemony continue to expand at an alarming rate. The article embraces the notion of the public sphere and the theory of hegemony to make sense of how indigenous media permeated the language and political discourse and emerged as a strong voice for the oppressed, reinforcing at once what Herman and Chomsky (2002) refer to as ‘class consciousness’. The notion of the public sphere is found to be particularly profitable in highlighting the exclusion/inclusion of wide-ranging voices in the public affairs while the robustness of the theory of hegemony lies in its strengths to unravel the political imperatives and the ideological contest that characterized the colonial era. The article argues that indigenous publications succeeded in becoming viable platforms for the indigenous communities who had been pushed beyond the margins of citizenship. The article concludes that indigenous-language media were particularly important for their political mobilization and contribution to media diversity through the range of voices that they orchestrated.
Disfunção do Trato Urinário Inferior em Crianças: Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Feitoza Geniefesson Leandro Da Silva , Maia Lucas Benevides , Ribeiro Débora Laésia Saraiva , Parente Lucas Leimig Telles , Parente Rodrigo Emmanuel Leimig Telles , Telles Maria Valéria Leimig 
Published: November 2018

A disfunção do trato urinário inferior (DTUI) é um quadro comum em crianças, manifestando-se principalmente por incontinência urinária (IU), infecção do trato urinário (ITU), refluxo vesicoureteral (RVU) e constipação. A Sociedade Internacional de Continência (ICS) define a IU como a perda involuntária de urina em maiores ou igual a 5 anos, sendo considerado um sintoma de armazenamento. É uma doença multipatogênica envolvendo o sistema nervoso central, ritmo circadiano (sono/vigília) e alterações funcionais da bexiga. O sexo feminino tem mais propensão a sofrer com IU devido a algumas diferenciações anatômicas em relação ao sexo masculino. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica a partir das bases de dados LILACS, MedLine, Scielo e Pubmed, realizada nos meses de julho e agosto de 2018. As palavras-chaves foram urinary incontinency, urology, chil e enuresis e os critérios de inclusão foram idioma espanhol, inglês e português publicados de 2009 a 2018, relacionados com o tema do estudo, e os de exclusão foram artigos anteriores a 2009 e os artigos não relacionados ao tema. Dos 57 artigos selecionados, foram utilizados 17. Discussão: A DTUI pode apresentar-se de diversas formas, com a combinação de múltiplos sinais e sintomas, por vezes acompanhada também de alterações do trato gastrointestinal. Essa apresentação clínica pode alterar de forma importante o convívio social dessas crianças, provocando comorbidades psicológicas, o que afeta diretamente o desenvolvimento desses pacientes. O diagnóstico passa por um olhar atento e uma anamnese adequada, buscando identificar essas alterações miccionais, podendo estar associado a exames complementares. O tratamento deve ser individualizado, iniciando com alterações comportamentais e informações sobre a doença até um tratamento farmacológico quando for adequado. Conclusão: Diante da repercussão clínica e psicológica de tal patologia, faz-se importante um diagnóstico precoce e um tratamento adequado, evitando mais transtornos e melhorando o aspecto social e psicológico do paciente e de seus familiares. Palavras-chave: Trato urinário, Saúde da criança, vesicoureteral, constipação.
O Ensino/Aprendizagem de Crianças Disléxicas nas Séries Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Menezes Cleonice Clementino de , Januário Maria do Socorro Alves , Sobral Maria do Socorro Cecílio 
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo apresenta-se com uma pesquisa bibliográfica que busca identificar as bases teóricas que sustentam o processo ensino/aprendizagem de crianças com dislexia nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental. Alicerçada na reflexão de leituras e análises de textos de autores renomados como Jardine (2010), Fonseca (2011), Moura (2012), Ohlweiler (2016), onde discutem com precisão a temática abordada. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar quais são meios eficazes para a efetivação de uma prática pedagógica adequada as crianças disléxicas. Como resultado o estudo mostrou que é preciso encorajá-las, compreendê-las e dispor de muita paciência, pois o aluno disléxico leva muito tempo para aprender. A metodologia utilizada deu-se através de análises de textos dos autores antes citados, dos quais dá embasamento do que é a dislexia, sua apresentação nas formas de linguagem, as dificuldades de leitura, aquisição e capacidade da escrita e compreensão de textos. Conclui-se que há grande necessidade de uma prática pedagógica eficaz no atendimento as crianças disléxicas no âmbito escolar. É preciso repensar essas práticas de modo a desenvolver uma aprendizagem significante e inclusiva.
A Manifestação da Timidez na Educação Infantil: Um Olhar Crítico e Reflexivo Sobre as Dificuldades e Ritmo de Aprendizagem
Authors: Gomes Filha Maria do Socorro , Menezes Aurelania Maria De Carvalho , Sobral Maria do Socorro Cecílio 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo foi realizado a partir das reflexões no que diz respeito à manifestação da timidez em sala de aula das crianças em fase de desenvolvimento da aprendizagem, e foi embasado nas discussões de autores como Vygotsky 1989, ), Albisseti (1998) e Bravin (2013), dentre outros. O objetivo foi identificar quais os cuidados que a escola, professores e família devem ter com suas crianças tímidas. O autor citado traz a contribuição das interações sociais entre os sujeitos, considerando fundamental para o processo de aquisição de conhecimentos e da consciência. Na escola, a criança conviverá com outras pessoas da mesma idade e de diferentes faixas etárias, sendo assim, quais são as consequências da timidez e quando ela pode afetar o processo ensino-aprendizagem na construção dos conhecimentos e o que a escola pode fazer para colaborar com a sociabilidade dessas crianças? O trabalho foi impulsionado por tais questões. Investigou-se a timidez como fator prejudicial à aprendizagem e conclui que a escola deve auxiliar os alunos tímidos a se sentirem seguros no âmbito escolar. A pesquisa teve como justificativa que a timidez costuma não ser observada dentro das salas, pois a criança tímida não causa problemas, e com isso, não chama atenção. Constatou-se como resultados que a timidez excessiva prejudica a criança e cuidados devem ser tomados, pois envolve baixa-estima, interações, medos e privações, o que dificulta um desenvolvimento saudável em vários aspectos do processo ensino e aprendizagem. Diante disso, buscou-se abordar aqui os aspectos mais relevantes, apoiados no que orienta a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases – LDB nos art. 29, 30 e 31. A qual vai além de um simples educar, busca a compreensão de como se processa e internaliza a aprendizagem de crianças tímidas.