bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exemplification andad hoccategorization: Thegenre-construction in French
Authors: Chauveau-Thoumelin Pierre 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate thegenre-construction, in which the French noungenreconnects a noun phrase (named X) with another constituent (a noun phrase in most cases; named Y). Such a construction has an exemplifying function, and, traditionally, authors consider Y to be an example of a category denoted by X. I show that this traditional analysis is not entirely satisfying as it does not give a comprehensive account of the construction’s semantics. Instead, I show through a wide variety of examples that thegenre-construction provides a means of expressingad hoccategorization. Rather than merely exemplifying a category denoted by X, the construction frequently builds up anad hoccategory based on X and examples provided by Y. This analysis can be further extended to other related constructions so as to give a unified account of such constructions. The data analysed consist of internet users’ messages collected from online forums. The analyses are carried out within the framework of construction grammar.
The encoding of ad hoc categories in Sanskrit: A synchronic and diachronic analysis of “compounds” with ādi-
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo , Geupel Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper provides a new description of nominal compounds featuring the noun ādi- ‘beginning’ in Sanskrit. When used as second member of a compound, ādi- is commonly translated as ‘etcetera’ and the resulting compound displays a number of semantic and morphological oddities, as observed in reference grammars. Based on a thorough corpus analysis, we show that ādi-compounds are in fact associated with different functions, and that among other things they can be employed for the task of on-line categorization. Specifically, we argue that they can also encode ad hoc categories. In the second part of the paper, we describe the diachronic process whereby ādi-compounds developed into ad hoc category markers. In so doing, we adopt the perspective of constructionalization and suggest, against the traditional analysis of these forms as compounds, that when meaning ‘etcetera’, ādi- behaves as an affixoid. In this respect, the findings of this paper contribute to the general understanding of the diachronic typology of ad hoc category markers.
Alternative Relations and Higher-Level Categories
Authors: Kuperschmidt Itai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlternative relations are one of the main relation types between states of affairs and disjunctions are the dedicated morphosyntactic constructions used for encoding them. The standard approach to disjunctions, which assumes two readings, Inclusive and Exclusive, has recently been challenged. A fundamental requirement, shared by the alternatives in all the readings they identified, is that they must be construable as members of a single higher-level category. This requirement also defines specifically one of the readings of disjunctions, ororconstructions, HLC (the Higher-level category reading), in which the explicit disjuncts serve only as a means for constructing, often only ad-hoc, a higher-level concept. This concept, rather than the explicit alternatives, is actually the prominent concept profiled by the construction. The study presented here adopts the same bottom-up Usage-Based approach advocated by Ariel and Mauri, and examines the Hebreworconstructions of the Old Testament, given in the Masoretic Tiberian version. It focusses on the question of how those categories are constructed. The data was analyzed adopting a comparative linguistic and textual method, and taking into consideration different philological and diachronic aspects. It reveals that HLC (such as ‘any beast’ foroxorass, Exodus 23, 4) is the most common reading in this corpus (108/319, 34%). Interestingly, the higher-level categories are extracted from disjuncts of various parts of speech and can be explicit, but in most cases they are inferred. Furthermore, we observe cases which almost equally profile both the single, higher-level category and the alternatives. The methodology adopted revealed some linguistic changes in progress, as well as inclinations of ancient biblical editors and jurists.
Categorizationviaexemplification: evidence from Italian
Authors: Lo Baido Maria Cristina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the categorizing function of exemplification in Italian. Based on a corpus study, it will be shown that the strategies used to exemplify are mobilized from a variety of different syntactic levels, ranging from small clauses to lexemes. Though differentiated, exemplifying constructions are all characterized by the same function, that is, to signal that the expressions in their scope are examples and that they have to be processed as triggers of a higher-level category. Exemplifying constructions signal the non-referential status of what is within their scope and presuppose non-exhaustivity, namely, the existence of further alternatives which are contextually associable with the mentioned exemplars. We will first provide a semantic analysis of the constructions under examination (in terms of semantic specificity of examples), and then move on to the distributional features (in terms of therealis/irrealisstatus of exemplification contexts and the kind of speech act) and textual features (in terms of topic continuity of exemplification). In the conclusions, we will propose the outline of a discourse profile of exemplification as it has emerged from the analysis of corpus data.
From ad hoc category to ad hoc categorization: The proceduralization of Argentinian Spanishtipo
Authors: Mihatsch Wiltrud 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTaxonomic nouns such as Spanishtipoappear in constructions that create ad hoc categories, typically in scientific and academic contexts. Some of them develop further uses, notably an adverbial use as an approximator or hedge, as a result of a reduction of the original construction. The aim of this contribution is to trace the origins of constructions that establish ad hoc categories in the case of Spanishtipo, and in particular the role of genitival constructions and apposition in technological, scientific and generally academic texts in the nineteenth century on the basis of corpora. I will further study the subsequent rise of the adverbial approximating functions used for ad hoc categorization and related pragmatic functions such as the use oftipoas a quotative marker in Argentinian youth language. On this basis, two broader issues will be discussed: (i) the relation between ad hoc categories and ad hoc categorization and a possibly different status of ad hoc categories and ad hoc categorization due to proceduralization; and (ii) the striking parallels with cognates from certain Romance languages (Portuguese and Italian) and from Russian and Swedish, as well as the question of whether there has been a parallel, independent development—and if so, why—or whether contact phenomena explain these similarities.
Synthesis of benzofuro[3,2-b]furo[2,3-d]pyridin-4(5H)-ones, derivatives of a novel heterocyclic system
Authors: Yahodkina-Yakovenko Marta S. , Bol’but Andriy V. , Vovk Mykhailo V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Methyl 2-[(cyanophenoxy)methyl]-3-furoates obtained from methyl 2-(chloromethyl)-3-furoate and salicylonitriles undergo tandem cyclization in the presence of excess t-BuOK in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution at 65°C to give substituted benzofuro[3,2-b]furo[2,3-d]pyridin-4(5H)-ones, derivatives of a novel heterocyclic system.
High Step-Up Boost Converter with Neural Network Based MPPT Controller for a PEMFC Power Source Used in Vehicular Applications
Authors: Reddy K. Jyotheeswara , Sudhakar N. , Saravanan S. , Babu B. Chitti 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh switching frequency and high voltage gain DC-DC boost converters are required for electric vehicles. In this paper, a new high step-up boost converter (HSBC) is designed for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) applications. The designed converter provides the better high voltage gain compared to conventional boost converter and also reduces the input current ripples and voltage stress on power semiconductor switches. In addition to this, a neural network based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is designed for the 1.26 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Radial basis function network (RBFN) algorithm is used in the neural network controller to extract the maximum power from PEMFC at different temperature conditions. The performance analysis of the designed MPPT controller is analyzed and compared with a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Differential sensitivity of chronic high-fat-diet-induced obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Devan Shakthi R.K. , Arumugam Surendar , Shankar Ganesh , Poosala Suresh 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of obesity is reported to be increasing owing to the high intake of dietary fat and is a predisposing risk factor with associated complex metabolic syndromes in the human population. Preclinical rodent models play a pivotal role in understanding the pathogenesis of obesity and development of new treatment strategies for humans. High-fat-diet (HFD)-induced rodents are used for chronic obesity models owing to their quick adaptation to high-fat diets and rapid body weight gain and different rats (Wistar Sprague-Dawley and Lewis) have been used by various researchers. However, the selection of appropriate stock contributes to the translation of clinically linked disease phenotypes to preclinical animal models.

Methods
The study was conducted using two commonly used rat stocks Hsd:Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Crl:Charles River (CD) to develop a chronic high-fat-diet-induced obesity model (DIO) to explore the underlying mechanisms of obesity and its utilization in drug discovery and development during preclinical stages. In addition two high-fat diets of different composition were evaluated (D12327; 40% kcal fat and D12492; 60% kcal fat) for their potential to induce obesity using these two stocks.

Results
A differential sensitivity to HFD was observed in body weight gain fat mass composition and obesity-linked symptoms such as impaired glucose tolerance insulin and leptin levels. The comparative research findings of Hsd:SD and Crl:CD rat stocks suggested that Crl:CD rats are more prone to diet-induced obesity and its associated complications.

Conclusions
Crl:CD rats were found to be a suitable model for obesity over Hsd:SD when considering the important hallmarks of metabolic disorders that may be utilized for obesity-related research.
Dewatering properties of low grammage handsheets of softwood kraft pulps modified to minimize the need for refining
Authors: Rahman Hafizur , Engstrand Per , Sandström Peter , Sjöstrand Björn 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrevious paper (Rahman et al. 2017) showed that the yield of softwood kraft pulp increased by the addition of either polysulfide or sodium borohydride because of higher hemicellulose retention. An increase in hemicellulose content can make dewatering more difficult as WRV of the pulp increases, but instead, an overall increase in pulp yield could improve dewatering as a sheet of a certain weight will contain fewer fibres, giving a more open sheet structure. It was therefore of interest to measure the dewatering properties of low grammage handsheets (20 g/m2) under conditions mimicking the tissue paper machine dewatering processes, and sheet strength properties, WRV, °SR and fibre dimensions were also studied. The results showed that the positive influence of overall yield increase dominated over the negative influence of an increase in hemicellulose content on the dewatering properties, particularly at lower refining energy levels. Moreover, higher yield and higher hemicellulose content pulps had a higher tensile index at the same dryness. A given tensile index was achieved with less refining energy. The results indicate that increased yield and hemicellulose content by modification of the kraft pulping process will result in a pulp with a potential to improve tissue paper quality.
Der Sport und die Macht der Vorurteile
Authors: Delto Hannes 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Sport ist ein körperzentriertes Sozialsystem, das als machtvolle Ausdrucks- und Inszenierungsstätte beschrieben wird, in der verschiedene soziale Gruppen um Prestige und symbolische Macht konkurrieren. In diesem Wettbewerb können Vorurteile der Abgrenzung zwischen Gruppen auf der Grundlage von ethnischen, sozialen und kulturellen Kategorisierungen dienen. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit der Ideologie der Ungleichwertigkeit im vereinsorganisierten Sport. Es wird den Fragen nachgegangen, ob und wie Vorurteile im Sport miteinander zusammenhängen und welche Faktoren ausgewählte Abwertungen beeinflussen. Es zeigt sich, dass Vorurteile im Sport eng miteinander verbunden sind, und es wird diskutiert, weshalb Diversität im Sport eine stärkere Rolle bei Integrationsprozessen spielen sollte.
‚Refugees Welcome in Sports“– Bewegungsangebote für Geflüchtete im Spannungsfeld zwischen Integrationsforderung und Partizipationszwang
Authors: Feuchter Micòl , Janetzko Alexandra 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Vor dem Hintergrund einer angestiegenen Anzahl an Geflüchteten in Deutschland wurden durch den organisierten Sport Programme installiert, die explizit die ‚Zielgruppe’ Geflüchtete adressieren und deren Integration in und durch den Sport fördern sollen. Unter Zuhilfenahme von verschiedenen, dem Integrationsparadigma gegenüber kritisch positionierten Ansätzen, die aus einer machttheoretischen Perspektive Differenzkategorisierungen analysieren, beleuchten wir am Beispiel des Sports den dominierenden Integrationsdiskurs. Wir zeigen, dass Integration – abweichend von der wissenschaftlichen Definition, die diese als wechselseitigen Prozess bezeichnet – in (politischen) Programmen in erster Linie Menschen mit sogenanntem Migrationshintergrund als eine Art Bringschuld auferlegt wird. Sich davon abgrenzend stellen wir das Konzept der Teilhabe vor, welches eine gleichberechtigte und interessengeleitete Partizipation fordert. Mit dem Projekt Refugees Welcome in Sport (ReWIS) nehmen wir ein Projekt für Geflüchtete in den Blick, welches sich die Ermöglichung von Teilhabe zum Ziel setzt. In einer praxeologisch ausgerichteten Begleitforschung reflektieren wir, welche Herausforderungen sich bei der praktischen Umsetzung des konzeptionellen Anspruchs ergeben.
Kinder- und Jugendsport in einer geschichteten Gesellschaft? Aufarbeitung und Diskussion des aktuellen Forschungsstandes in Deutschland
Authors: Nobis Tina , Albert Katrin 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass die deutsche Gesellschaft als eine geschichtete Gesellschaft beschrieben werden kann, verfolgt der vorliegende Beitrag das Ziel, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu schichtspezifischen Einfärbungen der Sportengagements von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland zu beschreiben und zu reflektieren. Dabei zeigt sich, dass in einem Teil der vorliegenden Publikationen auf die Darlegung theoretischer Annahmen verzichtet wird und dass die gewählten Methoden zur Datenerfassung und -auswertung wie auch die Komplexität der Interpretationsansätze als heterogen einzuschätzen sind. Die vorliegenden empirischen Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass Schichtmerkmale zentrale, auch indirekt wirkende Parameter für die Sportengagements von Heranwachsenden sind, dass die Stärke dieser Zusammenhänge jedoch mit der Form des Sportengagements variiert.
Fabrication and Characterization of Sm3+ Doped Zinc Barium Borate Glasses
Authors: Yamsuk Y. , Yasaka P. , Sangwaranatee N. , Keawkao J. 
Published: August 2018

Zinc-barium-borate glasses with the composition (60 − x)B2O3–10ZnO–30BaO–xSm2O3 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol %) doped with Sm3+ ions have been prepared, and their physical and optical properties are investigated. The photoluminescence spectra recorded under the 403-nm excitation exhibited the emission bands at 564, 600, 647, and 710 nm corresponding to the transition 4 G5/2 →6 Hj (j = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, 11/2), respectively. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ωl, l = 2, 4 and 6) have been evaluated, and the radiative transition probabilities, emission cross-section, and branching ratios for the excited levels of Sm3+ ionsare predicted. The lifetime of the 4 G5/2 level is found to decrease with an increase in the Sm3+ ion concentration.
Quantum Relativity: Variable Energy Density of Quantum Vacuum as the Origin of Mass, Gravity and the Quantum Behaviour
Authors: Fiscaletti D. , Sorli A. 
Published: August 2018

In Quantum Relativity, time and space are separated. Time is the numerical order of material changes, and space is the medium, in which these changes take place. Space has the origin in a three-dimensional quantum vacuum defined by fluctuations of the energy density corresponding to elementary RS (reduction state) processes of creation/annihilation of elementary quanta. Quantum Relativity provides a unifying approach to special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics. Each physical object from the micro- to the macroscale can be derived from an opportune diminishing of the quantum vacuum energy density. In particular, the variable energy density of space in Quantum Relativity corresponds to the curvature of space in general relativity. In quantum theory, the behavior of each subatomic particle follows from opportune elementary RS processes of creation/annihilation of quanta guided by a quantum potential of the vacuum. Finally, the perspectives of this model regarding the view of gravity and quantum as two aspects of the same coin and the electroweak scale are analyzed.
Evaluation of therapeutic potency of human papillomavirus-16 E7 DNA vaccine alone and with interleukin-18 as a genetic adjuvant
Authors: Pourhossein Behzad , Ghaemi Amir , Fazeli Maryam , Azadmanesh Kayhan , Mahmoodi Mahmood , Mirshafiey Abbas , Shahmahmoodi Shohreh 
Published: August 2018

AIMS: Despite the existence of effective preventive vaccines for human papillomavirus (HPV), therapeutic vaccines that trigger cell-mediated immune responses are required to treat established infections and malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potency of HPV-16 E7 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccine alone and with interleukin (IL)-18. METHODS: In vitro expressions of IL-18 were performed on human embryonic kidney 293 cells and confirmed it by Western blotting methods. DNA vaccine was available from a previous study. A total of 45 female C57BL/6 mice divided into five groups (DNA vaccine, DNA vaccine adjuvanted with IL-18, pcDNA3.1, and phosphate buffer saline) were inoculated with murine tissue culture-1 cell line of HPV related carcinoma, expressing HPV-16 E6/E7 antigens. They were then immunized subcutaneously twice at a seven-day interval. The antitumor and antigen specific-cellular immunity were assessed by lymphocyte proliferation (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide: MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, IL-4 assay and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay. Tumor size was followed for 62 days.RESULTS: MTT assay, which measures the lymphocyte proliferation in response to the specific antigen, increased in the co-administration and the DNA vaccine groups as compared to control and genetic adjuvant groups (p<0.001). The mice immunized with the co-administration generated significantly more IFN-γ and IL-4 than other immunized mice (p<0.001). Reduction of the tumor size in the co-administration and the DNA vaccine groups was significantly more pronounced than in the control and genetic adjuvant groups (p<0.001), but no statistically significant difference between DNA vaccine and co-administration groups (p=0.15) occurred.CONCLUSIONS: IL-18 as a genetic adjuvant and E7 DNA vaccine alone enhanced immune responses in mouse model systems against cervical cancer. However, using of IL-18 as a genetic adjuvant with E7 DNA vaccine had no significant synergistic effect on the immune responses in vivo.
Uso da Escala de Satisfação dos Estudantes e Autoconfiança com a Aprendizagem (ESEAA) e da Escala do Design da Simulação (EDS) no ensino de enfermagem: relato de experiência
Authors: Bergamasco Ellen Cristina , Murakami Beatriz Murata , Da Cruz Diná de Almeida L. M. 
Published: August 2018

AIMS: To report the experience with using the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning (SSSCL) and the Simulation Design Scale (SDS) in a Nursing Undergraduate course.EXPERIENCE REPORT: The experience was held in a private educational institution of the city of São Paulo, in the discipline of Adult Health I, in the 4th semester of Nursing. This discipline has two simulated scenarios: care of a patient with glycemic alteration and care of a patient with respiratory distress. The objectives of the simulation were to discuss clinical reasoning, knowledge to identify the main problem (nursing diagnosis) and the student's abilities to perform care (nursing intervention). After the simulations, the students were invited to fill in the ESEAA and EDS instruments.CONCLUSIONS: Use of the instruments allowed to identify the level of the students' satisfaction regarding the use of simulation as a teaching strategy and provided the teachers of the discipline with a reflection on the worked scenarios, revising the clarity of the objective, content and conduct of the debriefing. The results obtained from the students' responses reinforce the importance of using simulation and stimulate the teacher in the building of scenarios and developing this strategy.
Darrelyn Gunzburg, editor, 'The Imagined Sky: Cultural Perspectives'
Authors: Bowie Fiona 
Published: August 2018

Darrelyn Gunzburg, editor, The Imagined Sky: Cultural Perspectives. Equinox Publishing Limited: Sheffield, 2016. Hardback pp.286 including 97 b/w figures. ISBN: 9781781791677. £75. Paperback ISBN: 9781781791684. £30.
FSRFT Based Broadband Double Matching via Passband Extremums Determination
Authors: KOPRU Ramazan 
Published: August 2018

Fast simplified real frequency technique (FSRFT)
is a numerical solver used to solve microwave broadband double-matching (DM)
circuit design problems in a much faster and effective manner. Recently, it has
been reported that an FSRFT based Matlab code can complete the design of a order
lowpass lumped element double matching network to match a given generator and
load impedance within an optimization time of only 0.6 seconds, a 47 fold less time
than that of the same design done using the classical simplified real frequency
technique (SRFT). FSRFT owes this superior speed performance to the fact that
it tracks only (system
unknowns plus 1) number
of passband extremum points selected from among the number of
gain data (). This work introduces a simple numerical
technique called PED (passband extremums determination technique) to be used in
determination of these passband extremum points (PEs). An exemplary order microwave
bandpass DM circuit design using FSRFT based Matlab (of Mathworks Inc.) code
and the simulation of this design via MWO (of AWR Corp.) has yielded the same
circuit performance with an exact agreement. Thus, FSRFT, equipped with the PED,
newly proposed hereby, might be used as a powerful solver in designing
broadband circuits in many fields such as RF/microwave, radar, and communications.