bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivations and challenges of women entrepreneurs
Authors: Shastri Swati , Shastri Shruti , Pareek Abhishek 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the motivations and key challenges women entrepreneurs experience in running small businesses in the Jaipur city of Rajasthan.

Design/methodology/approach
A purposive sample of 13 women entrepreneurs from a cross-section of enterprises is selected. A qualitative methodology based upon semi-structured, in-depth, exploratory interviews with female entrepreneurs is used which enables the respondents to give voice to their individual experiences.

Findings
The study reveals that pull factors including the urge for creativity, innovation, self-identity and independence, and to serve the society are the main motivations for female entrepreneurs to start their venture. From the institutional theory perspective, the challenges of female entrepreneurs originate mainly from informal institutions. A significant challenge is that their ability as a professional entrepreneur is not recognized and acknowledged by the society. Furthermore, the cultural norms reflected in the gender-specific role distribution result in the problem of work–life balance. The challenges emerging from the formal institutions do not appear to be pervasive and gender specific.

Originality/value
The unique contribution of the study is to provide evidences on the motivations and challenges of women entrepreneurs in Rajasthan based on qualitative data derived from in-depth interviews. Furthermore, the study is the first attempt to view the motivations and challenges of female entrepreneurs from an institutional perspective for India in general and Rajasthan in particular.
Inspection of nickel-based boron carbide PTA coatings on AISI 4140 steel
Authors: AY Gökçe Mehmet , ÇELİK Osman Nuri 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Plasma transferred arc (PTA) coating is a novel method for surface-coating applications. In this method, the substrate is melted using a plasma arc, and surfacing agents such as carbides are introduced to the melt pool. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of boron carbide (B4C) in nickel-based coating on AISI 4140 steel.

Design/methodology/approach
Samples were tested on a ball-on-disc wear device, and the microstructure, as well as wear properties, were investigated using SEM and XRD.

Findings
The effect of B4C addition was shown to be linear, with a p-value of 0.0248, indicating strong evidence. The reason for this increase was found to be the increase in third-body generation resulting from hard phases that form couples with the soft base material, nickel. It was concluded that using 6 per cent B4C was the optimal solution.

Originality/value
In the literature, the effect of neither low temperature on a nickel coating with B4C nor B4C as a single surfacing agent in a nickel base has been investigated.
Optimization of hydrodynamic lubrication performance based on a heterogeneous slip/no-slip surface
Authors: Wu Zhenpeng , Ding Xianzhong , Zeng Liangcai , Chen Xiaolan , Chen Kuisheng 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to use the method of curve splicing to combine the slip zone and the no-slip zone to further improve the lubrication performance of the liquid film. The combination of the slip zone and the no-slip zone of an existing heterogeneous surface is still a single line stitching method so that a very large residual space at the surface of the friction pairs remains present, necessitating further improvement of the joining scheme between the slip zone and the no-slip zone in heterogeneous surfaces.

Design/methodology/approach
A set of discrete sinusoids is used as the splicing track for both the slip zone and the no-slip zone, the starting point and amplitude of the curve are introduced as the simulation variables and the effects of these variables on the bearing capacity and friction coefficient of the liquid film are comprehensively analyzed.

Findings
The results show that the method of selecting the sinusoidal curve as the slip zone and the no-slip zone trajectory, which is based on the existing method of linear stitching, can further enhance the bearing capacity and reduce the friction coefficient of the liquid film.

Originality/value
This method can further enhance the bearing capacity and reduce the friction coefficient of the liquid film.
University students’ intention to use e-learning systems
Authors: Samsudeen Sabraz Nawaz , Mohamed Rusith 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that might influence the intention and use behaviour of e-learning systems by students in state universities in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical model for this study was primarily drawn from unified theory of acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). Exogenous variables included performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, work life quality, hedonic motivation, internet experience and facilitating condition, and their influence on behavioural intention and use behaviour were studied. Instrument was developed using validated items from past literature. Data for this quantitative study were collected from undergraduate and postgraduate students from 15 Sri Lankan state universities by self-administering and Web-form during second quarter of 2018. Structural equation modelling was used to see the insights from the valid data using IBM’s SPSS 25 and AMOS 22.FindingsResults of the confirmatory factor analysis and subsequent evaluation of the structural model confirmed the proposed hypotheses, and it was found that constructs of UTAUT2 have a significant impact on and play an important role in behavioural intention to use and use behaviour of e-learning system by state university students in Sri Lanka.Originality/valueThe adoption of an e-learning system in Sri Lankan state universities is fairly low. Hence, investigation of what determinants might be contributing for adoption is important to enhance the learning experience of students and help them improve their knowledge. This paper contributes by delineating the factors that influence the acceptance and use of e-learning systems by students of state universities in Sri Lanka.
An extended model of theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Das Satyasiba 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and examine how institutional infrastructure and two social factors – peer effect and gender discrimination – determine entrepreneurial intention in emerging economies such as India.Design/methodology/approachUsing a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach, the proposed model is tested on a sample of 265 post-graduate students from the Indian Institute of Management campuses in India. Perceived gender discrimination is used as a grouping variable to test its impact in the model.FindingsThe study found that peer effect has positive association with an individual attitude towards entrepreneurship. It also found positive moderating effect of institutional infrastructure on entrepreneurial intention in a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, but in case of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, the result is non-conclusive. Further, our results establish that gender discrimination has varying influence but remains a significant factor to choose entrepreneurial career in emerging countries such as India.Research limitations/implicationsThe study adds to the understanding of drivers or antecedents to entrepreneurial intention, especially in emerging economy context and finds its usefulness in country such as India. It contributes to the existing model by empirically proving the role of peer effect and institutional infrastructure in emerging economies which are characterised by weak institutions and inadequate access to resources to start and sustain any entrepreneurial activity.Practical implicationsThe results make several implications for academic institutions, entrepreneurial ecosystem stakeholders and policy makers in emerging economies. The academic institutions, universities and incubation hubs can consider promoting a peer-group culture that strengthens individual’s EI in emerging economies. Policy makers and stakeholders should build an encouraging entrepreneurial ecosystem with adequate institutional infrastructure to promote entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThe authors extend research on entrepreneurial intention beyond individual factors (personal-level variables) and examine the contingent role of institutional infrastructure and socio-cultural factors (peer effect and gender discrimination). Whilst TPB successfully predicted entrepreneurial intention in Western settings, this study provides strong empirical evidence to this research in emerging countries.
Fuzzy multi-attribute group decision making to identify the order of establishing temporary logistics hubs during disaster response
Authors: Maharjan Rajali , Hanaoka Shinya 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reveal the importance of the order of establishment of temporary logistics hubs (TLHs) when resources (mobile storage units used as TLHs) are limited and to present the development and implementation of a methodology that determines the order of establishment of TLHs to support post-disaster decision making.

Design/methodology/approach
It employed a decision support system that considers multiple decision makers and subjective attributes, while also addressing the impreciseness inherent in post-disaster decision making for ordering the establishment of TLHs. To do so, an optimization model was combined with a fuzzy multi-attribute group decision making approach. A numerical illustration was performed using data from the April 2015 Nepal Earthquake.

Findings
The results showed the location and order of establishment of TLHs, and demonstrated the impact of decision makers’ opinions on the overall ordering.

Research limitations/implications
The study does not discuss the uncertain nature of the location problem and the potential need for relocation of TLHs.

Practical implications
This methodology offers managerial insights for post-disaster decision making when resources are limited and their effective utilization is vital. The results highlight the importance of considering the opinions of multiple actors/decision makers to enable coordination and avoid complication between the growing numbers of humanitarian responders during disaster response.

Originality/value
This study introduces the concept of the order of establishment of TLHs and demonstrates its importance when resources are limited. It develops and implements a methodology determining the order of establishment of TLHs to support post-disaster decision making.
Incorporating fine‐scale environmental heterogeneity into broad‐extent models
Authors: Graham Laura J. , Spake Rebecca , Gillings Simon , Watts Kevin , Eigenbrod Felix 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

A key aim of ecology is to understand the drivers of ecological patterns, so that we can accurately predict the effects of global environmental change. However, in many cases, predictors are measured at a finer resolution than the ecological response. We therefore require data aggregation methods that avoid loss of information on fine‐grain heterogeneity.

We present a data aggregation method that, unlike current approaches, reduces the loss of information on fine‐grain spatial structure in environmental heterogeneity for use with coarse‐grain ecological datasets. Our method contains three steps: (a) define analysis scales (predictor grain, response grain, scale‐of‐effect); (b) use a moving window to calculate a measure of variability in environment (predictor grain) at the process‐relevant scale (scale‐of‐effect); and (c) aggregate the moving window calculations to the coarsest resolution (response grain). We show the theoretical basis for our method using simulated landscapes and the practical utility with a case study. Our method is available as the grainchanger r package.

The simulations show that information about spatial structure is captured that would have been lost using a direct aggregation approach, and that our method is particularly useful in landscapes with spatial autocorrelation in the environmental predictor variable (e.g. fragmented landscapes) and when the scale‐of‐effect is small relative to the response grain. We use our data aggregation method to find the appropriate scale‐of‐effect of land cover diversity on Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius abundance in the UK. We then model the interactive effect of land cover heterogeneity and temperature on G. glandarius abundance. Our method enables us quantify this interaction despite the different scales at which these factors influence G. glandarius abundance.

Our data aggregation method allows us to integrate variables that act at varying scales into one model with limited loss of information, which has wide applicability for spatial analyses beyond the specific ecological context considered here. Key ecological applications include being able to estimate the interactive effect of drivers that vary at different scales (such as climate and land cover), and to systematically examine the scale dependence of the effects of environmental heterogeneity in combination with the effects of climate change on biodiversity.
An EAACI position paper on the investigation of perioperative immediate hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Garvey Lene Heise , Ebo Didier G. , Mertes Paul‐Michel , Dewachter Pascale , Garcez Tomaz , Kopac Peter , Laguna José Julio , Chiriac Anca Mirela , Terreehorst Ingrid , Voltolini Susanna , Scherer Kathrin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPerioperative immediate hypersensitivity reactions are rare. Subsequent allergy investigation is complicated by multiple simultaneous drug exposures, the use of drugs with potent effects and the many differential diagnoses to hypersensitivity in the perioperative setting. The approach to the investigation of these complex reactions is not standardized, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that collaboration between experts in the field of allergy/immunology/dermatology and anaesthesiology is needed to provide the best possible care for these patients. The EAACI task force behind this position paper has therefore combined the expertise of allergists, immunologists and anaesthesiologists. The aims of this position paper were to provide recommendations for the investigation ofimmediate‐typeperioperative hypersensitivity reactions and to provide practical information that can assist clinicians in planning and carrying out investigations.
Association between anaesthetic technique and unplanned admission to intensive care after thoracic lung resection surgery: the second Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Critical Care (ACTACC) National Audit
Authors: Shelley B. G. , McCall P. J. , Glass A. , Orzechowska I. , Klein A. A. ,   the Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and collaborators
Published: April 2019

SummaryUnplanned intensive care admission is a devastating complication of lung resection and is associated with significantly increased mortality. We carried out a two‐year retrospective national multicentre cohort study to investigate the influence of anaesthetic and analgesic technique on the need for unplanned postoperative intensive care admission. All patients undergoing lung resection surgery in 16 thoracic surgical centres in the UK in the calendar years 2013 and 2014 were included. We defined critical care admission as the unplanned need for either tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy, and sought an association between mode of anaesthesia (total intravenous anaesthesia vs. volatile) and analgesic technique (epidural vs. paravertebral) and need for intensive care admission. A total of 253 out of 11,208 patients undergoing lung resection in the study period had an unplanned admission to intensive care in the postoperative period, giving an incidence of intensive care unit admission of 2.3% (95%CI 2.0–2.6%). Patients who had an unplanned admission to intensive care unit had a higher mortality (29.00% vs. 0.03%, p < 0.001), and hospital length of stay was increased (26 vs. 6 days, p < 0.001). Across univariate, complete case and multiple imputation (multivariate) models, there was a strong and significant effect of both anaesthetic and analgesic technique on the need for intensive care admission. Patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia (OR 0.50 (95%CI 0.34–0.70)), and patients receiving epidural analgesia (OR 0.56 (95%CI 0.41–0.78)) were less likely to have an unplanned admission to intensive care after thoracic surgery. This large retrospective study suggests a significant effect of both anaesthetic and analgesic technique on outcome in patients undergoing lung resection. We must emphasise that the observed association does not directly imply causation, and suggest that well‐conducted, large‐scale randomised controlled trials are required to address these fundamental questions.
Incidence and prevalence of keratoconus in Denmark – an update
Authors: Bak‐Nielsen Sashia , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia H. , Ivarsen Anders , Plana‐Ripoll Oleguer , Hjortdal Jesper 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeTo describe the annual incidence rate of keratoconus in Denmark 1995–2015 and prevalence of keratoconus in the National Danish Patient Register 1977–2015.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with keratoconus in the National Danish Patient Register 1977–2015 were included in the study. The annual incidence rates and the overall prevalence of diagnosed keratoconus in the register were calculated using life tables from the general Danish population. A sub‐analysis excluding immigrants and descendants was performed.ResultsAn increase in the annual incidence rate was seen from 1.24 per 100 000 person‐years in 2003 to 3.83 per 100 000 in 2011. The average incidence rate 2011–2015 was 3.60 per 100 000 person‐years. A survey of primary‐sector ophthalmologists supported that the register data could be considered complete from 2011. The prevalence of diagnosed keratoconus in the National Patient Register 1977–2015 was 44 per 100 000 persons. Excluding immigrants and descendants yielded an average incidence rate 2011–2015 of 2.89 per 100 000 person‐years and a prevalence of diagnosed keratoconus in the National Patient Register 1977–2015 of 40 per 100 000 persons.ConclusionThe present incidence rate (based on 2011–2015 data) has increased 2–3‐fold during the last 10–15 years. The increase is possibly largely a consequence of more complete data due to the availability of corneal cross‐linking, which has changed the referral pattern from the primary sector. Other factors such as better diagnostic tools and immigration may also play a role.
Sensitization potential and potency of terpene hydroperoxides in the cocultured activation test method
Authors: Hennen Jennifer , Silva e Sousa Marta , Sahli Fatma , Lichter Jutta , Lepoittevin Jean‐Pierre , Giménez‐Arnau Elena , Blömeke Brunhilde 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPositive patch test reactions to mixtures of oxidized terpenes containing allergenic hydroperoxides are frequently reported. However, human sensitization data for these hydroperoxides are not available.ObjectivesTo analyse and evaluate the human sensitization potential and potency of hydroperoxides in vitro by using human cells.Materials/MethodsLimonene‐1‐hydroperoxide, limonene‐2‐hydroperoxide, citronellol‐7‐hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, 1‐(1‐hydroperoxy‐1‐methylethyl)cyclohexene and mixtures of citronellol hydroperoxides (isomers at positions 6 and 7) and linalool hydroperoxides (isomers at positions 6 and 7) were studied. All compounds were synthesized except for cumene hydroperoxide, which was commercially available. Their potential and potency to activate dendritic cells (DCs) was evaluated by measuring the upregulation of CD86 and CD54 on THP‐1 cells upon exposure in the cocultured activation test (COCAT) consisting of HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte cell line) and THP‐1 monocytes (as a surrogate for DCs).ResultsHydroperoxides upregulated CD86 and/or CD54 on cocultured THP‐1 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. The results are comparable with their sensitization potency ranking in predictive animal models.ConclusionsFor the first time, the human sensitization potential and potency of several hydroperoxides were determined by the use of human cells and the COCAT method.
Local snow melt and temperature—but not regional sea ice—explain variation in spring phenology in coastal Arctic tundra
Authors: Assmann Jakob J. , Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Phillimore Albert B. , Bjorkman Anne D. , Ennos Richard E. , Prevéy Janet S. , Henry Greg H. R. , Schmidt Niels M. , Hollister Robert D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Arctic is undergoing dramatic environmental change with rapidly rising surface temperatures, accelerating sea ice decline and changing snow regimes, all of which influence tundra plant phenology. Despite these changes, no globally consistent direction of trends in spring phenology has been reported across the Arctic. While spring has advanced at some sites, spring has delayed or not changed at other sites, highlighting substantial unexplained variation. Here, we test the relative importance of local temperatures, local snow melt date and regional spring drop in sea ice extent as controls of variation in spring phenology across different sites and species. Trends in long‐term time series of spring leaf‐out and flowering (average span: 18 years) were highly variable for the 14 tundra species monitored at our four study sites on the Arctic coasts of Alaska, Canada and Greenland, ranging from advances of 10.06 days per decade to delays of 1.67 days per decade. Spring temperatures and the day of spring drop in sea ice extent advanced at all sites (average 1°C per decade and 21 days per decade, respectively), but only those sites with advances in snow melt (average 5 days advance per decade) also had advancing phenology. Variation in spring plant phenology was best explained by snow melt date (mean effect: 0.45 days advance in phenology per day advance snow melt) and, to a lesser extent, by mean spring temperature (mean effect: 2.39 days advance in phenology per °C). In contrast to previous studies examining sea ice and phenology at different spatial scales, regional spring drop in sea ice extent did not predict spring phenology for any species or site in our analysis. Our findings highlight that tundra vegetation responses to global change are more complex than a direct response to warming and emphasize the importance of snow melt as a local driver of tundra spring phenology.