bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohesive Difference: Germans and Italians in a Postwar Europe
Authors: Hanshew Karrin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article makes a case for rupturing the national framework used in traditional narratives of the Federal Republic, and it does so by revisiting the Italo-German relationship in particular. The state of Europe—and of Germans’ place in it—are in flux in the wake of the recent Eurozone crisis and “Brexit.” A study of German-Italian entanglements cannot offer definite answers about whether Germans or Italians feel “European,” but it does demonstrate, on the one hand, that perceptions of national difference do not preclude collaboration and closer relations, and, on the other, that the construction and deployment of difference can actually help create and maintain bonds between populations. Making a case for the importance of a history of German-Italian entanglements, the article offers evidence for how perceived national differences have brought Germans and Italians together, from the beginning of the Federal Republic to roughly the present, with a focus on Germans’ (and Italians’) recent turn to an apolitical or even anti-political lifestyle politics, and on the uncertain consequences that this has for the European project as a whole.
THE MEMORY OF THE GREAT WAR AND MORALE DURING BRITAIN'S PHONEY WAR
Authors: MORLEY JOEL 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article examines the memory of the Great War and the underexplored topic of morale during the Phoney War, and contributes to, and connects, their historiographies. Analysis of previously unexamined Mass Observation (MO) material confirms and qualifies some of the concerns about morale that MO expressed at the time. It also reveals that many Britons looked backwards to the Great War during the Phoney War, whether they had lived through the Great War or not, and their memories and understandings of the Great War informed their attitudes to the Second World War. Memories of wartime trauma were just one facet of the varied legacy of the Great War that Britons drew upon. Importantly, Britons of different ages drew upon post-war representations and personal and vicarious experiences to different extents, but those who were able to typically ascribed influence to personal rather than cultural memories of the Great War. This complicates the assumption that the latter determined Britons’ responses to the outbreak of the Second World War and contributes to understandings of both the reception and influence of cultural representations of the Great War, and the place of the Great War in the subjective worlds of Britons during the Second World War.
Multisets in type theory
Authors: GYLTERUD HÅKON ROBBESTAD 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA multiset consists of elements, but the notion of a multiset is distinguished from that of a set by carrying information of how many times each element occurs in a given multiset. In this work we will investigate the notion of iterative multisets, where multisets are iteratively built up from other multisets, in the context Martin–Löf Type Theory, in the presence of Voevodsky’s Univalence Axiom.In his 1978 paper, “the type theoretic interpretation of constructive set theory” Aczel introduced a model of constructive set theory in type theory, using a W-type quantifying over a universe, and an inductively defined equivalence relation on it. Our investigation takes this W-type and instead considers the identity type on it, which can be computed from the univalence axiom. Our thesis is that this gives a model of multisets. In order to demonstrate this, we adapt axioms of constructive set theory to multisets, and show that they hold for our model.
Early seizures after ischemic stroke: focus on thrombolysis
Authors: Feher Gergely , Gurdan Zsuzsanna , Gombos Katalin , Koltai Katalin , Pusch Gabriella , Tibold Antal , Szapary Laszlo 
Published: March 2019

Introduction.Stroke is a significant underlying cause of epilepsy. Seizures due to ischemic stroke (IS) are generally categorized into early seizures (ESs) and late seizures (LSs). Seizures in thrombolysis situations may raise the possibility of other etiology than IS.Aim.We overtook a systematic review focusing on the pathogenesis, prevalence, risk factors, detection, management, and clinical outcome of ESs in IS and in stroke/thrombolysis situations. We also collected articles focusing on the association of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment and epileptic seizures.Results.We have identified 37 studies with 36,775 participants. ES rate was 3.8% overall in patients with IS with geographical differences. Cortical involvement, severe stroke, hemorrhagic transformation, age (<65 years), large lesion, and atrial fibrillation were the most important risk factors. Sixty-one percent of ESs were partial and 39% were general. Status epilepticus (SE) occurred in 16.3%. 73.6% had an onset within 24 h and 40% may present at the onset of stroke syndrome. Based on EEG findings seizure-like activity could be detected only in approximately 18% of ES patients. MRI diffusion-weighted imaging and multimodal brain imaging may help in the differentiation of ischemia vs. seizure. There are no specific recommendations with regard to the treatment of ES.Conclusion.ESs are rare complications of acute stroke with substantial burden. A significant proportion can be presented at the onset of stroke requiring an extensive diagnostic workup.
Affective forecasting accuracy in obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Hezel Dianne M. , Stewart S. Evelyn , Riemann Bradley C. , McNally Richard J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:Research indicates that people suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) possess several cognitive biases, including a tendency to over-estimate threat and avoid risk. Studies have suggested that people with OCD not only over-estimate the severity of negative events, but also under-estimate their ability to cope with such occurrences. What is less clear is if they also miscalculate the extent to which they will be emotionally impacted by a given experience.Aims:The aim of the current study was twofold. First, we examined if people with OCD are especially poor at predicting their emotional responses to future events (i.e.affective forecasting). Second, we analysed the relationship between affective forecasting accuracy and risk assessment across a broad domain of behaviours.Method:Forty-one OCD, 42 non-anxious, and 40 socially anxious subjects completed an affective forecasting task and a self-report measure of risk-taking.Results:Findings revealed that affective forecasting accuracy did not differ among the groups. In addition, there was little evidence that affective forecasting errors are related to how people assess risk in a variety of situations.Conclusions:The results of our study suggest that affective forecasting is unlikely to contribute to the phenomenology of OCD or social anxiety disorder. However, that people over-estimate the hedonic impact of negative events might have interesting implications for the treatment of OCD and other disorders treated with exposure therapy.
Role of stellar physics in regulating the critical steps for life
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe use the critical step model to study the major transitions in evolution on Earth. We find that a total of five steps represents the most plausible estimate, in agreement with previous studies, and use the fossil record to identify the potential candidates. We apply the model to Earth-analogs around stars of different masses by incorporating the constraints on habitability set by stellar physics including the habitable zone lifetime, availability of ultraviolet radiation for prebiotic chemistry, and atmospheric escape. The critical step model suggests that the habitability of Earth-analogs around M-dwarfs is significantly suppressed. The total number of stars with planets containing detectable biosignatures of microbial life is expected to be highest for K-dwarfs. In contrast, we find that the corresponding value for intelligent life (technosignatures) should be highest for solar-mass stars. Thus, our work may assist in the identification of suitable targets in the search for biosignatures and technosignatures.
On the logical properties of Keynes’s theorising, and different approaches to the Keynes–institutionalism nexus
Authors: O'Donnell Rod 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper replies to Hodgson (2019), which responds to my analysis and critique in O'Donnell (2018). My present aim is clarification of our respective positions, our agreements and disagreements, and their underlying causes. To this end, I elaborate further on the logic underpinning my initial paper, comment on several (not all) key points in Hodgson's response, and conclude with the matter of our different agendas. Space limitations preclude fuller discussion and encourage concise expression.
Atomic switches of metallic point contacts by plasmonic heating
Authors: Zhang Weiqiang , Liu Hongshuang , Lu Jinsheng , Ni Lifa , Liu Haitao , Li Qiang , Qiu Min , Xu Bingqian , Lee Takhee , Zhao Zhikai , Wang Xianghui , Wang Maoning , Wang Tao , Offenhäusser Andreas , Mayer Dirk , Hwang Wang-Taek , Xiang Dong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElectronic switches with nanoscale dimensions satisfy an urgent demand for further device miniaturization. A recent heavily investigated approach for nanoswitches is the use of molecular junctions that employ photochromic molecules that toggle between two distinct isoforms. In contrast to the reports on this approach, we demonstrate that the conductance switch behavior can be realized with only a bare metallic contact without any molecules under light illumination. We demonstrate that the conductance of bare metallic quantum contacts can be reversibly switched over eight orders of magnitude, which substantially exceeds the performance of molecular switches. After the switch process, the gap size between two electrodes can be precisely adjusted with subangstrom accuracy by controlling the light intensity or polarization. Supported by simulations, we reveal a more general and straightforward mechanism for nanoswitching behavior, i.e., atomic switches can be realized by the expansion of nanoelectrodes due to plasmonic heating.
Tuning infrared plasmon resonances in doped metal-oxide nanocrystals through cation-exchange reactions
Authors: Liu Zeke , Zhong Yaxu , Shafei Ibrahim , Borman Ryan , Jeong Soojin , Chen Jun , Losovyj Yaroslav , Gao Xinfeng , Li Na , Du Yaping , Sarnello Erik , Li Tao , Su Dong , Ma Wanli , Ye Xingchen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMetal-oxide nanocrystals doped with aliovalent atoms can exhibit tunable infrared localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). Yet, the range of dopant types and concentrations remains limited for many metal-oxide hosts, largely because of the difficulty in establishing reaction kinetics that favors dopant incorporation by using the co-thermolysis method. Here we develop cation-exchange reactions to introduce p-type dopants (Cu+, Ag+, etc.) into n-type metal-oxide nanocrystals, producing programmable LSPR redshifts due to dopant compensation. We further demonstrate that enhanced n-type doping can be realized via sequential cation-exchange reactions mediated by the Cu+ ions. Cation-exchange transformations add a new dimension to the design of plasmonic nanocrystals, allowing preformed nanocrystals to be used as templates to create compositionally diverse nanocrystals with well-defined LSPR characteristics. The ability to tailor the doping profile postsynthetically opens the door to a multitude of opportunities to deepen our understanding of the relationship between local structure and LSPR properties.
Nonlinear XUV signal generation probed by transient grating spectroscopy with attosecond pulses
Authors: Fidler Ashley P. , Camp Seth J. , Warrick Erika R. , Bloch Etienne , Marroux Hugo J. B. , Neumark Daniel M. , Schafer Kenneth J. , Gaarde Mette B. , Leone Stephen R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNonlinear spectroscopies are utilized extensively for selective measurements of chemical dynamics in the optical, infrared, and radio-frequency regimes. The development of these techniques for extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light sources facilitates measurements of electronic dynamics on attosecond timescales. Here, we elucidate the temporal dynamics of nonlinear signal generation by utilizing a transient grating scheme with a subfemtosecond XUV pulse train and two few-cycle near-infrared pulses in atomic helium. Simultaneous detection of multiple diffraction orders reveals delays of ≥1.5 fs in higher-order XUV signal generation, which are reproduced theoretically by solving the coupled Maxwell–Schrödinger equations and with a phase grating model. The delays result in measurable order-dependent differences in the energies of transient light induced states. As nonlinear methods are extended into the attosecond regime, the observed higher-order signal generation delays will significantly impact and aid temporal and spectral measurements of dynamic processes.
X-ray structures of the high-affinity copper transporter Ctr1
Authors: Ren Feifei , Logeman Brandon L. , Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Yongjian , Thiele Dennis J. , Yuan Peng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCopper (Cu) is an essential trace element for growth and development and abnormal Cu levels are associated with anemia, metabolic disease and cancer. Evolutionarily conserved from fungi to humans, the high-affinity Cu+ transporter Ctr1 is crucial for both dietary Cu uptake and peripheral distribution, yet the mechanisms for selective permeation of potentially toxic Cu+ ions across cell membranes are unknown. Here we present X-ray crystal structures of Ctr1 from Salmo salar in both Cu+-free and Cu+-bound states, revealing a homo-trimeric Cu+-selective ion channel-like architecture. Two layers of methionine triads form a selectivity filter, coordinating two bound Cu+ ions close to the extracellular entrance. These structures, together with Ctr1 functional characterization, provide a high resolution picture to understand Cu+ import across cellular membranes and suggest therapeutic opportunities for intervention in diseases characterized by inappropriate Cu accumulation.
Improving eDNA yield and inhibitor reduction through increased water volumes and multi-filter isolation techniques
Authors: Hunter Margaret E. , Ferrante Jason A. , Meigs-Friend Gaia , Ulmer Amelia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo inform management and conservation decisions, environmental DNA (eDNA) methods are used to detect genetic material shed into the water by imperiled and invasive species. Methodological enhancements are needed to reduce filter clogging, PCR inhibition, and false-negative detections when eDNA is at low concentrations. In the first of three simple experiments, we sought to ameliorate filter clogging from particulates and organic material through a scaled-up, multi-filter protocol. We combined four filters in a 5 mL Phenol-Chloroform-Isoamyl (PCI) procedure to allow for larger volumes of water (~1 L) to be filtered rapidly. Increasing the filtered water volume by four times resulted in 4.4X the yield of target DNA. Next, inhibition from organic material can reduce or block eDNA detections in PCR-based assays. To remove inhibitory compounds retained during eDNA isolation, we tested three methods to chemically strip inhibitors from eDNA molecules. The use of CTAB as a short-term (5–8 day) storage buffer, followed by a PCI isolation, resulted in the highest eDNA yields. Finally, as opposed to a linear relationship among increasing concentrations of filtered genomic eDNA, we observed a sharp change between the lower (70–280 ng) and higher (420–560 ng) amounts. This may be important for effectively precipitating eDNA during protocol testing.
An Optogenetic Kindling Model of Neocortical Epilepsy
Authors: Cela Elvis , McFarlan Amanda R. , Chung Andrew J. , Wang Taiji , Chierzi Sabrina , Murai Keith K. , Sjöström P. Jesper 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEpileptogenesis is the gradual process by which the healthy brain develops epilepsy. However, the neuronal circuit changes that underlie epileptogenesis are not well understood. Unfortunately, current chemically or electrically induced epilepsy models suffer from lack of cell specificity, so it is seldom known which cells were activated during epileptogenesis. We therefore sought to develop an optogenetic variant of the classical kindling model of epilepsy in which activatable cells are both genetically defined and fluorescently tagged. We briefly optogenetically activated pyramidal cells (PCs) in awake behaving mice every two days and conducted a series of experiments to validate the effectiveness of the model. Although initially inert, brief optogenetic stimuli eventually elicited seizures that increased in number and severity with additional stimulation sessions. Seizures were associated with long-lasting plasticity, but not with tissue damage or astrocyte reactivity. Once optokindled, mice retained an elevated seizure susceptibility for several weeks in the absence of additional stimulation, indicating a form of long-term sensitization. We conclude that optokindling shares many features with classical kindling, with the added benefit that the role of specific neuronal populations in epileptogenesis can be studied. Links between long-term plasticity and epilepsy can thus be elucidated.
Laser-driven high-quality positron sources as possible injectors for plasma-based accelerators
Authors: Alejo Aaron , Walczak Roman , Sarri Gianluca 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe intrinsic constraints in the amplitude of the accelerating fields sustainable by radio-frequency accelerators demand for the pursuit of alternative and more compact acceleration schemes. Among these, plasma-based accelerators are arguably the most promising, thanks to the high-accelerating fields they can sustain, greatly exceeding the GeV/m. While plasma-based acceleration of electrons is now sufficiently mature for systematic studies in this direction, positron acceleration is still at its infancy, with limited projects currently undergoing to provide a viable test facility for further experiments. In this article, we study the feasibility of using a recently demonstrated laser-driven configuration as a relatively compact and inexpensive source of high-quality ultra-relativistic positrons for laser-driven and particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration studies. Monte-Carlo simulations show that near-term high-intensity laser facilities can produce positron beams with high-current, femtosecond-scale duration, and sufficiently low normalised emittance at energies in the GeV range to be injected in further acceleration stages.
Glacier ablation and temperature indexed melt models in the Nepalese Himalaya
Authors: Litt Maxime , Shea Joseph , Wagnon Patrick , Steiner Jakob , Koch Inka , Stigter Emmy , Immerzeel Walter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTemperature index (TI) models are convenient for modelling glacier ablation since they require only a few input variables and rely on simple empirical relations. The approach is generally assumed to be reliable at lower elevations (below 3500 m above sea level, a.s.l) where air temperature (Ta) relates well to the energy inputs driving melt. We question this approach in High Mountain Asia (HMA). We study in-situ meteorological drivers of glacial ablation at two sites in central Nepal, between 2013 and 2017, using data from six automatic weather stations (AWS). During the monsoon, surface melt dominates ablation processes at lower elevations (between 4950 and 5380 m a.s.l.). As net shortwave radiation (SWnet) is the main energy input at the glacier surface, albedo (α) and cloudiness play key roles while being highly variable in space and time. For these cases only, ablation can be calculated with a TI model, or with an Enhanced TI (ETI) model that includes a shortwave radiation (SW) scheme and site specific ablation factors. In the ablation zone during other seasons and during all seasons in the accumulation zone, sublimation and other wind-driven ablation processes also contribute to mass loss, and remain unresolved with TI or ETI methods.
RNA-seq reveals the involvement of key genes for aerobic adaptation in rice
Authors: Phule Amol S. , Barbadikar Kalyani M. , Maganti Sheshu Madhav , Seguttuvel P. , Subrahmanyam D. , Babu M. B. B. Prasad , Kumar Polumetla A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdaptation of rice to the aerobic condition is needed to cope with the water scarcity as well as to ensure sustainable yield in future. To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for aerobic adaptation in rice, we performed RNA-seq analysis of root and shoot i.e. developing panicle tissues at panicle initiation stage in two cultivars adapted to aerobic (CR Dhan 202) and traditional transplanted anaerobic (BPT 5204) conditions. The RNA-seq data emanated from 1.65 billion clean reads with approximately 37 million reads per sample. The number of differentially expressed transcripts was higher in the root than that in the shoot under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The transcription factors viz. MADS4, MADS5, MADS6, MADS7, MADS15 and transporters involved in sugar (SWEET3A) and nutrient uptake (PHT1;6, MDR-like ABC and vacuolar iron transporter homolog 2) were highly and uniquely expressed in the aerobic adapted cultivar (AAC) CR Dhan 202 under aerobic condition indicating their role in adaptation. The hormones such as ethylene and abscisic acid might be significantly involved in imparting aerobic adaptation. The higher expression of root related genes in the AAC under aerobic conditions suggests the involvement and sensitivity of roots to the water limiting condition. The metabolic activities are also more pronounced in the roots which impart rigorous plant establishment under the aerobic condition. The presence of alternative splice variants in the transcripts viz. Tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR) domain containing protein and GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (GLK1) additionally confirms that post transcriptional regulation is also crucial for aerobic adaptation. The QTLs related to root traits and stress tolerance harboring the uniquely expressed genes, which were identified in the present study can be deployed in molecular breeding programs to develop elite, high yielding aerobic rice cultivars.
Determining the extent of maternal-foetal chimerism in cord blood
Authors: Opstelten Rianne , Slot Manon C. , Lardy Neubury M. , Lankester Arjan C. , Mulder Arend , Claas Frans H. J. , van Rood Jon J. , Amsen Derk 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring pregnancy, maternal T cells can enter the foetus, leading to maternal-foetal chimerism. This phenomenon may affect how leukaemia patients respond to transplantation therapy using stem cells from cord blood (CB). It has been proposed that maternal T cells, primed to inherited paternal HLAs, are present in CB transplants and help to suppress leukaemic relapse. Several studies have reported evidence for the presence of maternal T cells in most CBs at sufficiently high numbers to lend credence to this idea. We here aimed to functionally characterise maternal T cells from CB. To our surprise, we could not isolate viable maternal cells from CB even after using state-of-the-art enrichment techniques that allow detection of viable cells in heterologous populations at frequencies that were several orders of magnitude lower than reported frequencies of maternal T cells in CB. In support of these results, we could only detect maternal DNA in a minority of samples and at insufficient amounts for reliable quantification through a sensitive PCR-based assay to measure In/Del polymorphisms. We conclude that maternal microchimerism is far less prominent than reported, at least in our cohort of CBs, and discuss possible explanations and implications.