bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of “Lean” Among Electronic Dance Music Party Attendees
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. 
Published: May 2019

Background/ObjectivesLean (a.k.a.: Sizzurp, Purple Drank) is a recreational beverage that commonly contains codeine cough syrup. Despite its popularization in the hip‐hop music scene, few epidemiologic studies have examined use. This study examined prevalence and correlates of use among a population at high‐risk for drug use—electronic dance music (EDM) party attendees.MethodsA total of 1029 EDM party attendees (ages 18‐40) were surveyed in New York City in 2018 using time‐space sampling. Prevalence and correlates of use of Lean were estimated.ResultsAn estimated 15.5% of attendees have ever used Lean, and 3.4% of attendees have used in the past year. Only an estimated 0.2% have used in the past month, but 14.2% would use in the next month if offered by a friend. Three‐quarters (75.4%) of users believed their Lean ever contained codeine and 32.4% believed it always or usually contained codeine. Past‐year use was strongly associated with past‐year nonmedical prescription opioid use (adjusted odds ratio = 10.77, P = 0.003), but not past‐year use of other illegal drugs. Attendees who are black or bisexual are at higher odds for past‐year use, and those with a college degree or higher are at lower odds for past‐year use.Discussion and ConclusionsWhile use of Lean is not as prevalent as use of various other drugs (eg, ecstasy) in this high‐risk population, over a tenth have tried it and/or are willing to use it if offered.Scientific SignificancePrevention efforts need to target potential users as frequent use of beverages containing codeine products can lead to dependence. (Am J Addict 2019;28:347–352)
Effect of ear acupuncture on pregnancy‐related pain in the lower back and posterior pelvic girdle: A multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Vas Jorge , Cintado María Carmen , Aranda‐Regules José Manuel , Aguilar Inmaculada , Rivas Ruiz Francisco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionEar acupuncture carried out in primary care by trained midwives, with no specialist training in acupuncture, may be effective in alleviating pregnancy‐related lower back and/or posterior pelvic girdle pain (LBPGP). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ear acupuncture associated with standard obstetric care, in the primary‐care setting, on LBPGP experienced by pregnant women.Material and methodsThis four‐group, multicenter, randomized controlled trial was conducted at 18 public primary care centers in three regions in Spain, with the participation of 220 pregnant women at 24‐36 weeks of gestation, aged 18 years or more, diagnosed with pregnancy‐related LBPGP and who had not previously received ear acupuncture. The trial was conducted from March 2014 to December 2016. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive standard obstetric care plus two sessions (over 2 weeks) of verum ear acupuncture, or nonspecific ear acupuncture, or placebo ear acupuncture, or standard obstetric care alone. The primary outcome was change in pain intensity, assessed using a visual analog scale (0‐100 mm) from baseline to the end of treatment (T2). Secondary outcomes included change or presence of pain at 3 months (T3) and at 1 year (T4) postpartum, and changes in responses to the Roland‐Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ) and Short Form‐12 Health Survey (SF‐12) at the end of treatment.ResultsA total of 55 women were randomized to each group, and 205 completed the study. With respect to baseline values, the reduction in pain intensity among the verum ear acupuncture group vs standard obstetric care was significantly greater, both at T2 (65.8%, 95%CI 56.2‐75.3 vs 25.1%, 95%CI 15.3‐34.9) and at T3 (93.8%, 95%CI 88.7‐99.0 vs 67.9%, 95%CI 55.3‐80.5). Moreover, significant changes were found in the verum ear acupuncture group vs standard obstetric care at T2, in reduced RMDQ scores (70.9%, 95%CI 61.8‐80.1 vs 21.2%, 95%CI 8.6‐33.7) and in increased SF‐12 scores on the physical scale (40.5%, 95%CI 31.5‐49.4 vs 8.1%, 95%CI 0.8‐15.5).ConclusionsAfter 2 weeks of treatment, ear acupuncture applied by midwives and associated with standard obstetric care significantly reduces lumbar and pelvic pain in pregnant women, improves quality of life and reduces functional disability.
Outcome of isolated fetal talipes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Di Mascio Daniele , Buca Danilo , Khalil Asma , Rizzo Giuseppe , Makatsariya Alexander , Sileo Filomena , Liberati Marco , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi , Acharya Ganesh , D'Antonio Francesco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this systematic review was to explore the outcome of fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of isolated talipes.Material and methodsMedline, Embase, Cinahl, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched. The outcomes explored were: associated anomalies detected at follow‐up ultrasound examination; fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and birth; chromosomal abnormalities detected with standard and chromosomal microarray analysis, intrauterine, neonatal, and perinatal death, and termination of pregnancy; rate of surgical and nonsurgical treatment; neurodevelopmental outcome; and false‐positive rate of prenatal diagnosis. Meta‐analyses of proportions were used to combine data.ResultsTwenty‐five studies (1567 fetuses) were included. Associated anomalies were detected in 7.8% (95% CI 0.1%‐29.3%) of cases at follow‐up ultrasound, and in 4.0% (95% CI 0.1%‐13.2%) of cases, fetal MRI identified anomalies not detected at ultrasound assessment. Similarly, 7.0% (95% CI 3.4%‐11.7%) of cases labeled as isolated talipes on prenatal imaging were found to have associated anomalies at birth. Abnormal karyotype was present in 3.6% (95% CI 1.7%‐6.2%) of fetuses, whereas no anomaly was found at chromosomal microarray analysis, although this outcome was reported by only 1 study. Intrauterine death occurred in 0.99% (95% CI 0.4%‐1.9%) of fetuses, whereas the corresponding figures for neonatal death and termination of pregnancy were 1.5% (95% CI 0.6%‐2.6%) and 2.2% (95% CI 1.2%‐3.4%), respectively. Surgical management of anomalies after birth was found in 41.7% (95% CI 27.0%‐57.2%) of fetuses with isolated talipes, and 54.8% (95% CI 31.5%‐77.0%) had nonsurgical management of the anomalies after birth. Abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome was reported in 7.6% (95% CI 1.0%‐19.4%) of children, although this analysis was affected by the small number of included cases and short time of follow up.ConclusionsIsolated talipes detected on prenatal ultrasound carries a generally good prognosis. The incidence of additional abnormalities detected on fetal MRI, aneuploidy, or neurodevelopmental disability is relatively low. However, longitudinal ultrasound assessment during pregnancy and a thorough postnatal evaluation are recommended to rule out associated anomalies that may significantly impact short‐ and long‐term prognosis.
High‐permeability alternatives to current dialyzers performing both high‐flux hemodialysis and postdilution online hemodiafiltration
Authors: Maduell Francisco , Rodas Lida , Broseta José Jesús , Gómez Miguel , Xipell Font Marc , Molina Alicia , Montagud‐Marrahi Enrique , Guillén Elena , Arias‐Guillén Marta , Fontseré Nestor , Vera Rivera Manel , Rico Nayra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost high‐flux dialyzers can be used in both hemodialysis (HD) and online hemodiafiltration (OL‐HDF). However, some of these dialyzers have higher permeability and should not be prescribed for OL‐HDF to avoid high albumin losses. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of a currently used dialyzer in HD and OL‐HDF with those of several other high permeability dialyzers which should only be used in HD. A prospective, single‐center study was carried out in 21 patients. Each patient underwent 5 dialysis sessions with routine dialysis parameters: 2 sessions with Helixone (HD and postdilution OL‐HDF) and 1 session each with steam sterilized polyphenylene, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and medium cut‐off (MCO) dialyzers in HD treatment. The removal ratios (RR) of urea, creatinine, ß2‐microglobulin, myoglobin, prolactin, α1‐microglobulin, α1‐acid glycoprotein, and albumin were compared intraindividually. A proportional part of the dialysate was collected to quantify the loss of various solutes, including albumin. Urea and creatinine RRs with the Helixone‐HDF and MCO dialyzers were higher than with the other 3 dialyzers in HD. The β2‐microglobulin, myoglobin and prolactin RRs with Helixone‐HDF treatment were significantly higher than those obtained with all 4 dialyzers in HD treatment. The β2‐microglobulin value obtained with the MCO dialyzer was also higher than that obtained with the other 3 dialyzers in HD treatment. The myoglobin RR with MCO was higher than those obtained with Helixone and PMMA in HD treatment. The prolactin RR with Helixone‐HD was significantly lower than those obtained in the other 4 study sessions. The α1‐microglobulin and α1‐ acid glycoprotein RRs with Helixone‐HDF were significantly higher than those obtained with Helixone and PMMA in HD treatment. The albumin loss varied from 0.54 g with Helixone‐HD to 3.3 g with polyphenylene. The global removal score values ((UreaRR + β2‐microglobulinRR + myoglobinRR + prolactinRR + α1‐microglobulinRR + α1‐acid glycoproteinRR – albuminRR)/6) were 43.7% with Helixone‐HD, 47.7% with PMMA, 54% with polyphenylene, 54.8% with MCO and 59.6% with Helixone‐HDF, with significant differences. In conclusion, this study confirms the superiority of OL‐HDF over HD with the high‐flux dialyzers that allow both treatments. Although new dialyzers with high permeability can only be used in HD, they are in an intermediate position and some are very close to OL‐HDF.
Systematic review and case series: flexible sigmoidoscopy identifies most cases of checkpoint inhibitor‐induced colitis
Authors: Wright Andrew P. , Piper Marc S. , Bishu Shrinivas , Stidham Ryan W. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors are used in the treatment of multiple advanced stage cancers but can induce immune‐mediated colitis necessitating treatment with immunosuppressive medications. Diagnostic colonoscopy is often performed but requires bowel preparation and may delay diagnosis and treatment. Sigmoidoscopy can be performed rapidly without oral bowel preparation or sedation.AimsCharacterize the colonic distribution of immune‐mediated colitis to determine the most efficient endoscopic approach.MethodsA systematic review of checkpoint inhibitor‐induced colitis case reports and series was conducted in both PubMed and Embase through 3 January 2017. A single centre retrospective chart review of patients who underwent endoscopic evaluation for diarrhoea after treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor (ipilimumab, nivolumab or pembrolizumab) between 1 January 2011 and 3 January 2017 was performed. Clinical, endoscopic and histologic data were collected.ResultsA detailed systematic review resulted in 61 studies, in which 226 cases of colitis were diagnosed by lower endoscopy (125 colonoscopy, 101 sigmoidoscopy). Only four patients had isolated findings proximal to the left colon. In our centre, 31 patients had histologic features of checkpoint inhibitor‐induced colitis, for which 29 patients had complete data. The left colon was involved in all cases. Sigmoidoscopy would be sufficient to diagnose >98% of reported cases of checkpoint inhibitor‐mediated colitis diagnosed by lower endoscopy.ConclusionsModerate to severe checkpoint inhibitor‐induced colitis involves the left colon in the majority of cases (>98%). Sigmoidoscopy should be the initial endoscopic procedure in the evaluation of this condition.
Impacts of a dynamic grouping strategy on students' learning effectiveness and experience value in an item bank‐based collaborative practice system
Authors: Chen Beyin , Hwang Gwo‐Haur , Lin Tze‐Shiun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPast research has pointed out that a good grouping strategy can improve the learning effectiveness of collaborative learning. However, the grouping strategy adopted in most past research is static grouping. This results in some disadvantages. Therefore, this study developed an item bank‐based collaborative practice system and proposed a dynamic grouping method which uses the concepts of weighted quizzes and bit coding as the rule of a regrouping algorithm. The method and the traditional static method were applied to two classes of sophomore students of a university of science and technology in the central region of Taiwan. There were 76 valid samples which included 38 students of the experimental group and 38 of the control group. The control group adopted the static grouping method, and the experimental group adopted the dynamic grouping method. The experimental duration was 9 weeks of 3 hours per week. Experimental results showed that the collaborative experience value and the learning effectiveness of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group. This indicates that the experimental group students made more efforts to conduct coordination, discussion and finally reach consensus with their partners, and made greater progress than the control group students.
A digital game‐based assessment of middle‐school and college students’ choices to seek critical feedback and to revise
Authors: Cutumisu Maria , Chin Doris B. , Schwartz Daniel L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA major goal of contemporary education is to teach students how to learn on their own. Assessments have largely lagged behind this goal, because they measure what students have learned and not necessarily their learning processes. This research presents Posterlet, an assessment that collects evidence regarding the strategies that students choose while learning on their own. Posterlet is an educational game‐based assessment that measures two design thinking choices: students’ choices to seek critical (ie, negative) feedback and to revise their work while they learn graphic design principles through creating posters. This research also presents an examination of students’ choices to seek feedback and to revise, as well as of students’ learning outcomes based on these choices. This game‐based assessment approach is empirically validated with three research studies sampling nearly 300 middle‐school and college students who played Posterlet and completed a posttest. Results show that the game helps students learn, as students who play the game before completing the posttest learn more graphic design principles than students who only complete the posttest. Moreover, the choices to seek critical feedback and to revise can predict learning and can be used as valid outcome measures for learning. Findings can be used in developing and evaluating models of instruction and assessment that may help students make informed learning choices. A discussion of present and future trends in theory regarding digital feedback environments is also included.
cIMPACT‐NOW: a practical summary of diagnostic points from Round 1 updates
Authors: Louis David N. , Ellison David W. , Brat Daniel J. , Aldape Kenneth , Capper David , Hawkins Cynthia , Paulus Werner , Perry Arie , Reifenberger Guido , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , von Deimling Andreas , Wesseling Pieter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractcIMPACT‐NOW (the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy) was established to provide a forum to evaluate and recommend proposed changes to future CNS tumor classifications. From 2016 to 2019 (Round 1), cIMPACT published four updates. Update 1 clarified the use of the term NOS (Not Otherwise Specified) and proposed use of the additional term NEC (Not Elsewhere Classified). Update 2 issued clarifications regarding two diagnoses: Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27M‐mutant and Diffuse Astrocytoma/Anaplastic Astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant. Update 3 proposed molecular criteria that could be used in the setting of an IDH‐wildtype diffuse or anaplastic astrocytic glioma without histological features of glioblastoma to infer that the tumor would behave similarly to a grade IV glioblastoma. Update 4 suggested that, in children and young adults, subtypes of IDH‐wildtype/H3‐wildtype diffuse gliomas may have distinct clinical features in the setting of a BRAFV600E mutation, FGFR1 alteration, other MAPK pathway alteration, or a MYB or MYBL1 rearrangement. The practical diagnostic relevance of these cIMPACT proposals is highlighted in this summary.
From cylindrical to non‐cylindrical foreland basin: Pliocene–Pleistocene evolution of the Po Plain–Northern Adriatic basin (Italy)
Authors: Amadori Chiara , Toscani Giovanni , Di Giulio Andrea , Maesano Francesco Emanuele , D’Ambrogi Chiara , Ghielmi Manlio , Fantoni Roberto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe architecture of foreland basins and the resulting distribution of clastic sediments are related to the constant interplay between tectonics and sedimentation. Specifically, basin floor modifications strongly influence dimensions, continuity and connections of sand‐size and fine‐grained deposits. Given the increasing need to identify deep potential reservoir deposits, the large‐scale definition of clastic porous targets and their seals is a matter of interest for oil and gas industry. Here, we present the reconstruction of the Po Plain and Northern Adriatic Foreland Basin (with an extent of ca. 40,000 km2) and its Pliocene–Pleistocene evolution, as an example of a sedimentary clastic system controlled by strongly non‐cylindrical foreland geometry. The study is based on the basin‐scale mapping of six unconformity‐bounded sequences, performed by interpreting a dense network of seismic lines and correlating well‐log data. This provides a three‐dimensional model of the step‐by‐step evolution of the basin and a description of the sediment dispersal pattern. We found that the basin records the change from a continuous (cylindrical) to highly fragmented (non‐cylindrical) foredeep geometry during Late Pliocene. In the Northern Apennines case, the main factors driving the development of a non‐cylindrical geometry are mainly related to inherited inhomogeneity in the downgoing block linked to its Mesozoic extensional faulting, and the relative orientation of these lineaments with respect to the direction of orogen migration. During the late Pliocene–Pleistocene the two directions progressively became close to parallel, and the Northern Apennines system reacted changing from a cylindrical to a non‐cylindrical state.
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery: Comparison of iStent with iStent inject in primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Hooshmand Joobin , Rothschild Philip , Allen Penny , Kerr Nathan M. , Vote Brendan J. , Toh Tze'Yo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImportanceMinimally invasive glaucoma surgery has gained significant traction in recent years. This study evaluates the first‐ and second‐generation trabecular micro‐bypass stents “iStent” and “iStent inject”.BackgroundTo evaluate and compare the effect of a single iStent and double iStent inject in primary open angle glaucoma.DesignProspective comparative case series.ParticipantsPrimary open angle glaucoma patients undergoing trabecular micro‐bypass stent insertion combined with cataract surgery.MethodsBaseline demographic information, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, reliance on glaucoma medication and complications were collected and analysed.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary, secondary and tertiary outcome measures were consecutively defined as an IOP of ≤18 mmHg with zero medications, an IOP of ≤18 mmHg with reduced medications or a 20% reduction in IOP with or without medication.ResultsThe study comprised 145 eyes in the iStent and 100 eyes in the iStent inject group. At 12 months, 56.0% of the iStent and 51.3% of the iStent inject eyes had achieved primary success and 63.1% and 57.7% secondary success. The mean postoperative IOP was 16.6 mmHg in iStent and 16.9 mmHg in iStent inject. Survival analysis demonstrated a greater incidence of failure in the iStent inject beyond 5 months.Conclusions and RelevanceBoth trabecular micro‐bypass stents in this study were effective in reducing IOP and the burden of medication when combined with cataract surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups across our outcome measures although the iStent inject required earlier recommencement of medications for optimal IOP control.
Whole genome sequencing and variant discovery in the ASPIRE autism spectrum disorder cohort
Authors: Callaghan Daniel Benjamin , Rogic Sanja , Tan Powell Patrick Cheng , Calli Kristina , Qiao Ying , Baldwin Robert , Jacobson Matthew , Belmadani Manuel , Holmes Nathan , Yu Chang , Li Yanchen , Li Yingrui , Kurtzke Franz‐Edward , Kuzeljevic Boris , Yu An Yi , Hudson Melissa , Mcaughton Amy J.M. , Xu Yuchen , Dionne‐Laporte Alexandre , Girard Simon , Liang Ping , Separovic Evica Rajcan , Liu Xudong , Rouleau Guy , Pavlidis Paul , Lewis M.E. Suzanne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous genetic disorder with strong evidence of ASD‐association currently available only for a small number of genes. This makes it challenging to identify the underlying genetic cause in many cases of ASD, and there is a continuing need for further discovery efforts. We sequenced whole genomes of 119 deeply phenotyped ASD probands in order to identify likely pathogenic variants. We prioritized variants found in each subject by predicted damage, population frequency, literature evidence, and phenotype concordance. We used Sanger sequencing to determine the inheritance status of high‐priority variants where possible. We report five novel de novo damaging variants as well as several likely damaging variants of unknown inheritance; these include two novel de novo variants in the well‐established ASD gene SCN2A. The availability of rich phenotypic information and its concordance with the literature allowed us to increase our confidence in pathogenicity of discovered variants, especially in probands without parental DNA. Our results contribute to the documentation of potential pathogenic variants and their associated phenotypes in individuals with ASD.
Yellow pigment of Metarhizium anisopliae and its application to the dyeing of fabrics
Authors: Yan Biaobiao , Yang Muying , Zhou Qingqing , Xing Tieling , Chen Guoqiang , Sheng Jiayong 
Published: May 2019

Microbial dyes have received substantial attention because of their natural environmental protection, simple access, and reduced regional and seasonal restriction. In this work, a microbial dye, the yellow pigment produced by Metarhizium anisopliae, was first studied then applied. The strain produced by the culture was identified, and the conditions for producing yellow pigment were optimised. Further, the stability of M. anisopliae yellow pigment was examined, and the pigment was applied to the dyeing of silk and wool fabrics. The results showed that the homology of the strain with M. anisopliae was 99.98%. In liquid fermentation culture, the optimal carbon source was glucose, and the dosage was 30 g/l. The maximum pigment yield can be obtained by culturing with 4% v/v of inoculation quantity at pH 7 and 30 °C. In addition, the effects of pH, temperature and metal ions on the yellow pigment of M. anisopliae were significant. The optimum dyeing process conditions were dyeing temperatures of 80 °C for silk and 90 °C for wool, with a dyeing time of 60 min. This research developed a novel microbial dye and studied its application for the dyeing of protein fibres.