bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two-way causal chain between lean management practices and lean values
Authors: Salhieh Loay , Abdallah Abdallah A. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Organizations have varied levels of success with Lean implementation and many did not see tangible results. Some scholars believe the reason has to do with weak Lean culture or Lean values (LVs). The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between Lean implementation practices and LVs. The research goes further to study the nature of this relationship; does LVs affect Lean practices only or do they affect each other in a reciprocal manner?

Design/methodology/approach
Literature regarding Lean implementation in various sectors was reviewed. Representatives from several organizations were surveyed. Results from both approaches are compared and presented to highlight the key challenges and drivers facing Lean implementation.

Findings
Lean works well on enhancing organization performance (OP) but the implementation has to be preceded by careful nourishment of the proper Lean culture and LVs. The relationship between Lean implementation and LVs is of a complex nature and driven by OP.

Practical implications
The study has important managerial implications that is if Lean is going to be sustained, continuous efforts has to be exerted by Lean professionals to engage leaders and decision makers in the organization and ensure proper values are nurtured.

Originality/value
This is the first study to examine the reciprocal relationship between Lean implementation practices and LVs while focusing on OP by employing a structural statistical model.
Mentoring characteristics and functions: mentoring’s influence on salespeople
Authors: Brashear-Alejandro Tom , Barksdale Hiram , Bellenger Danny Norton , Boles James S. , James Channelle 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine a longitudinal study of mentoring functions and their effect on salesperson attitudes and intentions.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a multi-year study of salespeople beginning when the salesperson entered the industry being examined.FindingsThe level of interaction between the mentor and protégé was found to be the only antecedent examined that related to the perceived quality of mentoring functions. Age, education and length of employment for both parties; the degree of age and education difference; and the length of the mentoring relationship were not significant. Successful mentoring appeared to be based heavily on a mentor’s willingness and ability to interact frequently with the protégé.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature on mentoring, looking at mentoring in a sales context. Research examining mentoring in a sales setting is much more limited than in many other professions, so the findings represent a valuable addition to the sales mentoring literature. Its influence on sales socialization may be very important.
Applying social impact assessment (SIA) principles in assessing contribution of cultural heritage to social sustainability in rural landscapes
Authors: Gallou Eirini , Fouseki Kalliopi 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of social impact assessment (SIA) principles to evaluate the contribution of cultural heritage to social sustainability, supporting both a people-centered and socially responsible approach to heritage management.

Design/methodology/approach
Specifically, the paper explores SIA as a methodological tool for post-project evaluation, used to define projects’ contributions to aspects of social sustainability through analyzing impacts of participation in a rural context case study, that of the Scapa Flow landscape heritage scheme in Orkney Islands, Scotland, UK.

Findings
Based on research findings from the thematic analysis of 40 semi-structured interviews on impacts (with heritage managers, planners and participants in the scheme), the paper proposes a combination of heritage value assessment process with social impact identification to achieve a context-relevant assessment of social sustainability. Existing research around social capital and sense of place supports the analysis of relevant impacts and heritage values. Findings support overlaps between socio-environmental impacts, when looking at the role of heritage for community well-being in rural contexts.

Research limitations/implications
The qualitative approach allows for a context-relevant, bottom up impact assessment and allows for multiple stakeholders perceptions to be included.

Practical implications
The proposed methodological approach has greater implications for the work of institutions and professionals involved in project evaluations that can inform participatory heritage project planning, ensuring high social relevance.

Social implications
Application of SIA principles in heritage sector can increase social benefits of heritage projects and enable wider community participation in processes of heritage management.

Originality/value
Through this case study, the effectiveness of SIA principles when applied in cultural heritage project evaluation is discussed, reflecting on a novel methodology for impact assessment in heritage.
Compensation clawback policies and corporate lawsuits
Authors: Arena Matteo P. , Nguyen Nga Q. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the relation between compensation clawbacks and lawsuits and analyze how these two corporate disciplinary forces interact. This paper hypothesizes that by allowing firms to recoup compensation from managers who breach their fiduciary duty, clawbacks provide a form of discipline that potentially reduces the likelihood of managerial wrongdoing, which, in turn, lowers the risk of corporate lawsuits.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper identifies whether or not a company in the S&P 1500 had a clawback policy between 2007 and 2014 by searching the company filings and press releases. The authors also construct different proxies for litigation risk and lawsuit outcomes using the Audit Analytics Database. They then perform a variety of empirical tests to examine the association between clawbacks and litigation risk and the association between clawbacks and litigation outcomes.

Findings
This paper finds that firms with higher litigation risk are more likely to adopt a clawback policy. In addition, after the adoption of clawback provisions, litigation risk significantly declines, suggesting that clawback policies are effective in reducing the likelihood of corporate lawsuits. Furthermore, firms with clawback policies are approximately 50 per cent more likely to have lawsuits against them dismissed or settled for lower amounts (approximately 12 per cent lower).

Practical implications
The findings of this paper provide insights to the efficacy of a current change in compensation regulation, the mandatory clawback adoption requirement by the Dodd–Frank Act of 2010.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature on both clawbacks and litigation, as it is the first to analyze the relation between the two.
Global financial regulation in the “New International Economic Order”
Authors: Belay Habtamu Simachew 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
In 1974, the UN General Assembly adopted a landmark resolution proclaiming the establishment of a New International Economic Order. One of the basic aims of this declaration was to enhance the voice and participation of developing countries in the international economic decision-making process based on norms of equitable governance. More than four decades have passed since its adoption. This paper aims to reflect on the past 43 years of the global financial regulatory system in light of the notion of equitable governance as envisioned by the “New International Economic Order”.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper surveys the global financial regulatory system from the vantage point of equitable economic governance. This discussion covers the period that comes after the 1974 UN landmark resolutions that declare the establishment of a “New International Economic Order”. The authors use qualitative and quantitative approach in this study. They use descriptive statistics and intuitive discussions of certain cases to carry the objective of the paper forward.

Findings
First, part of the development in global financial regulation manifests the establishment of informal networks that embark on global regulatory issues, while being very exclusive in their membership policies. Second, the lack of full and effective participation of developing countries in the decision-making and norm setting remains unsolved in the global financial regulatory system. Third, the shadow role of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund was of great significance in assisting the implementation of non-binding regulatory rules of international finance in developing countries despite the concerns of legitimacy and equity in the making of international standards. In sum, the global financial regulatory system that emerged in the past four decades is quite different from that aspired by the NIEO.

Originality/value
The declaration of NIEO coincides with the collapse of the Bretton Wood’s fixed exchange rate which in turn leads to the emergence of a new financial system and regulatory development. This period marked the proliferation of informal networks that make policy recommendations or non-binding rules with global implications. As far as the literature review goes far, this paper is the first to survey the post Bretton Wood’s period of the global financial regulatory architecture based on the tenets of the “New International Economic Order”.
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system
Authors: Cusack Jeremy J. , Kohl Michel T. , Metz Matthew C. , Coulson Tim , Stahler Daniel R. , Smith Douglas W. , MacNulty Daniel R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe extent to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy. Methodological reasons that have hindered consensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which responses are measured and lack of robust null expectations.We addressed all three challenges in a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal responses of adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) to the risk of predation by wolves (Canis lupus) during winter in northern Yellowstone,USA.We quantified spatial overlap between the winter home ranges ofGPS‐collared elk and three measures of predation risk: the intensity of wolf space use, the distribution of wolf‐killed elk and vegetation openness. We also assessed whether elk varied their use of areas characterized by more or less predation risk across hours of the day, and estimated encounter rates between simultaneous elk and wolf pack trajectories. We determined whether observed values were significantly lower than expected if elk movements were random with reference to predation risk using a null model approach.Although a small proportion of elk did show a tendency to minimize use of open vegetation at specific times of the day, overall we highlight a notable absence of spatiotemporal response by female elk to the risk of predation posed by wolves in northern Yellowstone.Our results suggest that predator–prey interactions may not always result in strong spatiotemporal patterns of avoidance.
Impact of grazing, resource availability and light on prokaryotic growth and diversity in the oligotrophic surface global ocean
Authors: Teira Eva , Logares Ramiro , Gutiérrez‐Barral Alberto , Ferrera Isabel , Varela Marta M. , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Gasol Josep M. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe impact of grazing, resource competition and light on prokaryotic growth and taxonomic composition in subtropical and tropical surface waters were studied through 10 microcosm experiments conducted between 30°N and 30°S in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. Under natural sunlight conditions, significant changes in taxonomic composition were only observed after the reduction of grazing by sample filtration in combination with a decrease in resource competition by sample dilution. Sunlight exposure significantly reduced prokaryote growth (11 ± 6%) and community richness (14 ± 4%) compared to continuous darkness but did not significantly change community composition. The largest growth inhibition after sunlight exposure occurred at locations showing deep mixed layers. The reduction of grazing had an expected and significant positive effect on growth, but caused a significant decrease in community richness (16 ± 6%), suggesting that the coexistence of many different OTUs is partly promoted by the presence of predators. Dilution of the grazer‐free prokaryotic community significantly enhanced growth at the level of community, but consistently and sharply reduced the abundance of Prochlorococcus and SAR11 populations. The decline of these oligotrophic bacterial taxa following an increase in resource availability is consistent with their high specialization for exploiting the limited resources available in the oligotrophic warm ocean.
Cone beam computed tomography devices in the evaluation of buccal bone in anterior teeth
Authors: Dantas LL , Ferreira PP , Oliveira LSAF , Neves FS , Campos PSF , Scarfe WC , Crusoe‐Rebello I 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of various cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices in assessing the buccal bone in anterior teeth.Material and MethodsA skull encased in tissue equivalent material was imaged with six CBCT devices: 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita, Japan), CS 9000 3D (Carestream Dental, France), CS 9300 (Carestream Dental, France), Eagle 3D (Dabi Atlante, Brazil), i‐CAT Classic (Imaging Sciences International, USA) and Orthophos XG 3D (Sirona Dental System, USA). The exposure and acquisition protocols were determined using the manufacturer's guidelines, the voxel size adjusted as close as possible to 0.2 mm. Cross‐sectional images were evaluated randomly, and the buccal bone was assessed.ResultsThe statistics were calculated based on a logistic regression model with the significance level set at 5%. All CBCT devices showed high accuracy; however, observers noted that the accuracy and sensitivity of CS 9300 device were slightly superior.ConclusionThe diagnostic performance of all CBCT devices was high for the evaluation of buccal bone in anterior teeth. When the clinical usefulness of an imaging modality is equivalent, the choice of appropriate imaging should be directed towards the modality that delivers the least radiation dose to the patient for a specific diagnostic task.
A biodiversity hypothesis
Authors: Haahtela Tari 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBiodiversity hypothesis states that contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes immune balance and protects from allergy and inflammatory disorders. We are protected by two nested layers of biodiversity, microbiota of the outer layer (soil, natural waters, plants, animals) and inner layer (gut, skin, airways). The latter inhabits our body and is colonized from the outer layer. Explosion of human populations along with cultural evolution is profoundly changing our environment and lifestyle. Adaptive immunoregulatory circuits and dynamic homeostasis are at stake in the newly emerged urban surroundings. In allergy, and chronic inflammatory disorders in general, exploring the determinants of immunotolerance is the key for prevention and more effective treatment. Loss of immunoprotective factors, derived from nature, is a new kind of health risk poorly acknowledged until recently. The paradigm change has been implemented in the Finnish allergy programme (2008‐2018), which emphasized tolerance instead of avoidance. The first results are promising, as allergy burden has started to reduce. The rapidly urbanizing world is facing serious biodiversity loss with global warming, which are interconnected. Biodiversity hypothesis of health and disease has societal impact, for example, on city planning, food and energy production and nature conservation. It has also a message for individuals for health and well‐being: take nature close, to touch, eat, breathe, experience and enjoy. Biodiverse natural environments are dependent on planetary health, which should be a priority also among health professionals.
Association of preoperative total lymphocyte count with prognosis in resected left‐sided pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rho Seoung Yoon , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Chong Jae Uk , Yoon Dong Sup , Lee Woo Jung , Kang Chang Moo 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundImmunologic factors such as neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio play an important role in predicting the oncologic outcome of patients in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is hypothesized that host immunity represented by total lymphocyte count at diagnostic stage would influence oncologic outcome in left‐sided PDAC.MethodsBetween January 1992 and August 2017, total of 112 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for left‐sided PDAC were included and analysed.ResultsAt the time of the diagnosis, total lymphocyte count at diagnosis of left‐sided PDAC was 1.8 ± 0.7 103/μL (mean value ± standard deviation). Among different cut‐off values, 1.7 showed most powerful significant differences in long‐term oncologic outcomes. The patients with preoperative lymphocyte count (≤1.7) was associated with early recurrence (median 8.4 months versus 18.1 months, P = 0.011) and shorter survival (median 18.6 months versus 35.9 months, P = 0.028). Patients with preoperative total lymphocyte count over 1.7 showed higher white blood cell count (P < 0.001), platelet count (P = 0.039), neutrophil count (P = 0.004) and monocyte count (P = 0.001). However, more interestingly, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.001) and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.001) were found to be significantly higher in those with total lymphocyte count less than 1.7. Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio was inversely related to preoperative total lymphocyte count (P < 0.001). Only age was identified to be significantly different (P = 0.007). However, other clinicopathological parameters generally known to be related to tumour aggressiveness, were not different between two groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, preoperative total lymphocyte at diagnostic stage is simple, and good prognostic factor in left‐sided pancreatic cancer.
Retinal vasodilatation in the affected eye but reduced pressure autoregulation of both eyes in unilateral Coats’ disease
Authors: Petersen Line , Bek Toke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCoats’ disease is characterized by vascular hyperpermeability, oedema and accumulation of exudates related to impairment of retinal vascular function. The background for the development of the disease is unknown, but it is likely that the study of diameter changes of retinal vessels may contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of the disease.MethodsIn seven patients with unilateral Coats’ disease (mean age = 34.7 years, range: 11–69 years), the baseline diameter and reactivity of retinal vessels during an increase in the arterial blood pressure by isometric exercise and in the metabolism by flicker stimulation were measured on video recordings of the retina obtained with the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer.ResultsThe baseline diameter of retinal vessels was larger in the affected than in the unaffected eyes which was significant for the arterioles (p = 0.02), but not for the venules (p = 0.15). During an increase in the arterial blood pressure induced by isometric exercise, the normal contraction of arterioles was absent in both eyes (p > 0.7), whereas there was a significant dilatation of the venules in the unaffected eyes (p = 0.04). Stimulation with flickering light induced normal dilatation of retinal vessels in both affected and unaffected eyes.ConclusionUnilateral Coats’ disease is accompanied by vasodilatation in the affected eye but impaired pressure autoregulation in both eyes. A further investigation of the disease should include an elucidation of the background for dilatation of retinal vessels in affected eyes and whether impaired pressure autoregulation can be found in vessels elsewhere in the body.
Associations of statin use with glycaemic traits and incident type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ahmadizar Fariba , Ochoa‐Rosales Carolina , Glisic Marija , Franco Oscar H. , Muka Taulant , Stricker Bruno H. 
Published: March 2019

AimsThere are several epidemiological studies on the association between statins and incident diabetes, but most of them lack details. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of statin use with glycaemic traits and incident type 2 diabetes.MethodsUsing the prospective population‐based Rotterdam Study, we included 9535 individuals free from diabetes at baseline (>45 years) during the study period between 1997 and 2012. Linear regression analysis was applied to examine the cross‐sectional associations between statin use and glycaemic traits including fasting blood serum of glucose and insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance. In a longitudinal follow‐up study, we applied a Cox regression analysis to determine adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for incident type 2 diabetes in new users of statins.ResultsThe mean age at baseline was 64.3 ± 10.1 years and 41.7% were men. In the fully adjusted model, compared to never users of statins, baseline use of statins was associated with higher concentrations of serum fasting insulin (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02–0.13) and insulin resistance (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.03–0.14). Ever use of statins was associated with a 38% higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes (HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.09–1.74). This risk was more prominent in subjects with impaired glucose homeostasis and in overweight/obese individuals.ConclusionsIndividuals using statins may be at higher risk for hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and eventually type 2 diabetes. Rigorous preventive strategies such as glucose control and weight reduction in patients when initiating statin therapy might help minimize the risk of diabetes.
The pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type I
Authors: Roy Noémi B. A. , Babbs Christian 
Published: March 2019

SummaryCongenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type I (CDA‐I) is one of a heterogeneous group of inherited anaemias characterised by ineffective erythropoiesis. CDA‐I is caused by bi‐allelic mutations in either CDAN1 or C15orf41 and, to date, 56 causative mutations have been documented. The diagnostic pathway is reviewed and the utility of genetic testing in reducing the time taken to reach an accurate molecular diagnosis and avoiding bone marrow aspiration, where possible, is described. The management of CDA‐I patients is discussed, highlighting both general and specific measures which impact on disease progression. The use of interferon alpha and careful management of iron overload are reviewed and suggest the most favourable outcomes are achieved when CDA‐I patients are managed with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. Finally, the current understanding of the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of CDA‐I is presented, highlighting critical questions likely to lead to improved therapy for this disease.