bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Application of Calibration and Uncertainty Quantification Techniques for Agent-Based Models
Authors: Papadelis Sotiris , Flamos Alexandros 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, a step-by-step application of calibrating an agent-based model is presented. In particular, an agent-based model for small-scale PV adoption was calibrated on the historical data for the small-scale solar PV capacity additions that took place in Greece from January 2010 to February 2013. The process of the model calibration allowed to (a) quantify and take into consideration uncertainties that are related to the characteristics and the decision-making criteria of the agents (i.e. independent PV power producers), in contrast to the more obvious uncertainties, such as technology costs, and (b) use the calibration results to explore the plausible—given the historical data—behaviour of the potential PV adopters in Greece under the new net-metering scheme (in effect as of mid-2015).
Investments in the EU Power System: A Stress Test Analysis on the Effectiveness of Decarbonisation Policies
Authors: Crespo del Granado Pedro , Skar Christian , Doukas Haris , Trachanas Georgios P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmbitious emission reduction targets are challenging the status quo on designing effective strategies for electricity generation portfolios. In this chapter, we consider the role of low-carbon technologies and determine the cost-benefits of policy strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. In particular, we look into how long-term scenarios for transmission expansion and decarbonisation policies influence the evolution of the EU power system infrastructure. We use an EU electricity investment model to determine the optimal portfolio of electricity generation technologies and compute their respective costs and emissions achieved towards 2050. Based on the investment model’s results (strategies and suggested portfolios), we investigate how these portfolios perform under divergent policy or geopolitical developments. For this purpose, we apply a robust optimisation tool based on the min-max and the min-max regret criteria, which selects ideal portfolios by stress testing a particular scenario or policy choice under uncertainty of input parameters.Results show that pursuing a strong transmission expansion strategy under the EU PRIMES reference case leads to the maximum regret, while relying on EU scenarios with strong prospects for decarbonisation, either with possibilities or with limitation on transmission expansion, leads to portfolios that exhibit the least variance. However, applying regret analysis on investment costs and total emissions indicates a limited transmission investment case as the more robust one, also noting that a high carbon price will accelerate the energy transition.
Evaluation of National Environmental Efficiency Under Uncertainty Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Grigoroudis Evangelos , Petridis Konstantinos 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe evaluation of environmental practices of each country is a very interesting area which has recently gained significant attention. An analysis, which can provide results for comparisons among countries with different economies, is data envelopment analysis. In this chapter, countries’ environmental efficiency is estimated using data envelopment analysis. Applying a slack-based model under the consideration of constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale technologies, a composite index is calculated from the efficiency scores of each model. These models consider both desirable and undesirable outputs. However, especially for undesirable outputs, the data collected are not accurate and could potentially be subject to uncertainty. To handle the uncertainty in the undesirable data, a chance-constraint DEA model is applied. Results of the deterministic model show that Australia gathers high values of environmental efficiency. However, in the presence of noise in the undesirable data, the rankings of the countries change.
Assessment of Renewable Energy Projects Using a Decision Support System: A Process to Endorse the Social License to Operate
Authors: Kamenopoulos Sotiris N. , Tsoutsos Theocharis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe renewable energy projects involve multiple stakeholders; the social acceptance of these projects may convert into a thoughtful risk for the exploitation of renewable energy. Comprehending the process under which a social license to operate may be granted to a renewable energy project is significant. The “GO” or “NO-GO” decision for a renewable energy project is a vital task. In order to illustrate how renewable energy projects can be assessed from the sustainability point of view, two hypothetical scenarios were constructed. These scenarios describe a conceptual renewable energy project evaluated by five imaginary stakeholders under specific criteria and sustainability pillars. The first scenario is a “NO-GO” scenario: the project is not sustainable due to significant environmental, social, economic, technological and geopolitical negative impacts. In this case, the social license to operate will not be endorsed by the stakeholders; important changes are needed before reassessment. The second scenario is a “GO” scenario: the preferences of the stakeholders are such that the project may be considered sustainable and the social license to operate may be endorsed by the stakeholders. The methodology utilized to assess the two hypothetical scenarios for the same renewable energy project is the multi-criteria decision analysis combined with the multi-attribute utility theory. The quantification of assessment results was conducted with the assistance of a state-of-the-art decision support system (“Acropolis DSS”), which allows decision-makers to evaluate multiple options that offer alternate solutions in “GO-NO-GO” situations.
The prevalence of behavioral disorders among children under parental care and out of parental care
Authors: Datta Panchali , Ganguly Sutapa , Roy B.N. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Children may suffer from a wide range of behavioral problems, but children living under conditions of perpetual stress and trauma and experiencing breakdown of family structures are tremendously affected. This study was adopted to identify the prevalence of behavioral disorders among children under parental care and out of parental care.

Methods:
A cross-sectional comparative descriptive study was conducted among 300 children of age 612 years from a pediatric outpatient department of a selected hospital and 300 children from selected orphanages in Kolkata to compare the prevalence of behavioral disorders in children under parental care and out of parental care using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results:
Total difficulty was more prevalent in children out of parental care (220 children) than in children under parental care (128 children). Conduct problem was the most prevalent behavioral disorder among all the subscales of SDQ with 48.70% and 84.30% of children, respectively. This was followed by peer problem (44.60% and 48.30%), emotional problem (33.70% and 55.60%), and hyperactivity problem (26.70% and 32.30%), respectively. There was significant difference in total difficulty, all subscales, externalizing score, internalizing score, and impact score between the two groups. Regression analysis showed significant relationship of selected variables such as the child's favorite hobbies and number of close friends the child has using total difficulty score in both the groups. Significant correlation was found among subscales in both the groups.

Conclusion:
Family-based care and improvised institutional care should be emphasized to reduce the burden of behavioral problem in children.
Dietary intake of branched‐chain amino acids in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Effects on survival, behavior, and neuropathology
Authors: Tournissac Marine , Vandal Milene , Tremblay Cyntia , Bourassa Philippe , Vancassel Sylvie , Emond Vincent , Gangloff Anne , Calon Frederic 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionHigh levels of plasmatic branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA), commonly used as dietary supplements, are linked to metabolic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). BCAA directly influence amino acid transport to the brain and, therefore, neurotransmitter levels. We thus investigated the impact of BCAA on AD neuropathology in a mouse model.Methods3xTg‐AD mice were fed either a control diet or a high‐fat diet from 6 to 18 months of age. For the last 2 months, dietary BCAA content was adjusted to high (+50%), normal (+0%), or low (−50%).ResultsMice fed a BCAA‐supplemented high‐fat diet displayed higher tau neuropathology and only four out of 13 survived. Mice on the low‐BCAA diet showed higher threonine and tryptophan cortical levels while performing better on the novel object recognition task.DiscussionThese preclinical data underscore a potential risk of combining high‐fat and high BCAA consumption, and possible benefits from BCAA restriction in AD.
The Signature of Ozone Depletion in Recent Antarctic Precipitation Change: A Study With the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Fyke Jeremy , Medley Brooke 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough precipitation is a primary control on Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) mass balance, long‐term historical AIS precipitation trends and their underlying external climate drivers remain inconclusive. In this study, we use a novel pair of climate model ensembles to identify a simulated spatial signature of ozone depletion‐forced AIS precipitation change. Distinct areas of little change or precipitation decrease, arising from interaction between ozone depletion‐forced atmospheric circulation changes and ice sheet topography, are outweighed by large‐scale precipitation increases. This signature bears notable similarities to a new ice core‐based reconstruction of AIS accumulation change and yields a significant increase in annual integrated precipitation (38 ± 10 Gt/year over the 1986–2005 period or 51 ± 11 Gt/year over the 1991–2005 period). Remarkably, this simulated ozone depletion‐forced precipitation change is of a similar absolute magnitude to recent observed AIS mass loss trends and as a consequence, it may play a role in dampening recent AIS sea level rise contributions.
Characterizing the Complex Two N‐Wave Ionospheric Signature of the 2016 Kaikoura Earthquake
Authors: Li Justin D. , Rude Cody M. , Pankratius Victor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMajor earthquakes (>∼6.5 Mw) can generate observable waves which propagate not only through the Earth but also through the Earth's ionosphere. These traveling ionospheric disturbances can be observed using multifrequency GPS receivers to measure the ensuing perturbations in the Total Electron Content of the ionosphere. Assisted by a statistical approach we developed to indicate the occurrence of a significant TEC perturbation from the normal background behavior, we detect a traveling ionospheric disturbance generated by the 2016 7.8 Mw Kaikoura earthquake occurring in New Zealand on the 13th of November. The disturbance was detected ∼8 min after the earthquake, propagating toward the equator at ∼1 km/s with a peak‐to‐peak amplitude of ∼0.22 Total Electron Content units. The coseismic waveform exhibits complex structure unlike that of the expected N‐wave for coseismic ionospheric disturbances, with observations of oscillations with 4‐min periodicity and of two N‐waves. This observed complexity in the ionosphere likely reflects the impact of the complex, multifault structure of the earthquake.
Vertical Motions Prior to the Intensification of Simulated Typhoon Hagupit (2008)
Authors: Chen Shumin , Li Weibiao , Wen Zhiping , Lu Youyu , Zhou Mingsen , Qian Yu‐Kun , Chen Guixing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSignals prior to tropical cyclone (TC) intensification are important for improving TC intensity forecasts. The existence of such signals has been noted in previous studies of satellite‐borne observations and lightning. Vertical motions can enhance TCs via the transportation of heat to the warm core; thus, we hypothesized they might signal TC intensification. This study separately examined the processes of updrafts and downdrafts, which are both concentrated within the eyewall surrounding the warm core. The analysis focused on the intensification of Typhoon Hagupit (2008). Numerical experiments were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model to elucidate the changing structure of the vertical motions and their effects on the timing of TC intensification. A control (CTL) simulation and an idealized No‐Land experiment both reproduced the storm structure well, whereas a Half‐Bogus (Half‐Moisture) experiment generated less‐organized TC core structures (weakened moisture convection). Upward motions were found to signal TC intensification with lead times of 1.67–4.50 hr in all experiments. Downward motions apparently signaled TC intensification with lead times of 0.67–4.50 hr in the Half‐Bogus and Half‐Moisture experiments. However, the lead‐lag relationship between downward motion and TC intensification was unclear in the CTL and No‐Land experiments because of the large amount of water vapor in the enhanced eyewall. Thermodynamic analysis showed the latent heat consumed in the downdrafts in the CTL and No‐Land experiments was much greater than in the two other experiments, which resulted in the smallest heating contribution in the downdrafts and a weak relationship with TC intensification.
An Observational Analysis of Ocean Surface Waves in Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhang Lin , Oey Leo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractKnowledge of ocean surface waves in tropical cyclones (TCs) is necessary to calculate air‐sea exchanges of momentum and enthalpy for improved TC predictions. Here we use 24 years (1992–2015) of TC and significant wave height (SWH) observations in the western North Pacific to analyze storm‐following waves within the TC. The SWH was composited according to the TC translation speed, Uh, and TC intensity based on Vm, the maximum 10‐m wind speed. The results show that SWH is largely symmetrical for slow‐moving TCs when Uh is less than 3 m/s and is asymmetric for faster‐moving storms with larger waves in the right‐front quadrant referenced to the TC heading. For a class of TCs translating at a medium Uh between 3 and 7 m/s, a little less than the waves' group speed, near resonance leads to strong asymmetry with over 50% of waves with SWH exceeding 7–8 m on the right‐front quadrant. As Vm intensifies to 50 m/s and greater, extreme waves develop and become saturated: SWH ≈ 10–11 m, corresponding to when, as shown in previous studies, the momentum exchange coefficient CD levels off while the enthalpy exchange coefficient Ck may increase. Over 80% of the saturated waves then reside in the right‐front quadrant, indicating the quadrant's dominant influence on CD and Ck. The medium‐translating TCs were found to have a greater propensity for intensification than other types of TCs. Our results suggest a link between TC intensity, translation, and wave saturation and asymmetry in the right‐front quadrant.
Sibling Supervision: A Risk Factor for Unintentional Childhood Injury in Rural Uganda?
Authors: Swanson Marissa H. , Johnston Anna , Rouse Jenni B. , Schwebel David C. 
Published: December 2018

Unintentional childhood injuries are a significant public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Effective supervision reduces child injury risk, yet older siblings may be less effective than adults in preventing supervisee injury. This study examined self-reported caregiver expectations and beliefs regarding sibling supervision, and sixth-grade students’ self-reported experiences with sibling supervision, among families in rural Uganda. One hundred forty-four caregivers and 206 students were recruited to complete self-report questionnaires assessing parental expectations and student experiences with sibling supervision. Binary logistic regression assessed predictors of supervisee injury history. Caregivers in 82% of households expected children under Age 2 to be supervised by older siblings on a daily basis. Frequency and duration of expected sibling supervision increased with supervisor age. Students endorsed supervising younger siblings in 5 risky situations an average of 13 times total in the past week. Approximately half of students and supervisees experienced at least 1 medically attended injury in the past year. Student history of injury increased supervisee risk of injury 2.25 times. Students endorsed corporal punishment as an effective disciplinary strategy at higher rates than caregivers. Sibling supervision is a widespread practice in rural Uganda, and supervisee injuries are common. Interventions to improve supervision may reduce child injury risk. Implications for Impact Statement Adult caregivers widely expect older siblings to provide supervision to younger siblings in rural Eastern Uganda. Sixth graders routinely provide child supervision and fail to prevent serious injury to supervisees. Interventions are needed to improve the quality of child supervision in low- and middle-income countries.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: YAP1-induced MALAT1 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis by sponging miR-126-5p in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sun Zhenqiang , Ou Chunlin , Liu Jinbo , Chen Chen , Zhou Quanbo , Yang Shuaixi , Li Guiyuan , Wang Guixian , Song Junmin , Li Zhen , Zhang Zhiyong , Yuan Weitang , Li Xiayu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractYes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) exerts significant effects in various malignancies. However, the oncogenic role of YAP1 remains controversial, and the mechanism by which YAP1 regulates non-coding RNAs is still largely unknown. The present study aimed to assess the effect of YAP1 on the malignant behaviors of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and explore the underlying regulatory mechanism of the YAP1–MALAT1–miR-126-5p axis. YAP1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues as assessed by GSE20916 and its expression was negatively correlated with overall survival in 83 CRC cases. Meanwhile, YAP1 promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration in colon cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo. MALAT1 was obviously expressed, with differential expression of 11 lncRNAs in HCT116 cells after transfection with siYAP1 or si-Ctl. Based on bioinformatics prediction, immunoprecipitation (IP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), the interaction of YAP1 with TCF4/β-catenin was regulated by MALAT1. Bioinformatics prediction, dual luciferase assay, RNA-IP, and RNA pull-down assay demonstrated that YAP1-induced MALAT1 promoted the expression of metastasis-associated molecules such as VEGFA, SLUG, and TWIST, by sponging miR-126-5p in CRC. These findings indicated that the YAP1–MALAT1–miR-126-5p axis could control angiogenesis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in CRC, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC.
Transcriptome 3′end organization by PCF11 links alternative polyadenylation to formation and neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma
Authors: Ogorodnikov Anton , Levin Michal , Tattikota Surendra , Tokalov Sergey , Hoque Mainul , Scherzinger Denise , Marini Federico , Poetsch Ansgar , Binder Harald , Macher-Göppinger Stephan , Probst Hans Christian , Tian Bin , Schaefer Michael , Lackner Karl J. , Westermann Frank , Danckwardt Sven 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDiversification at the transcriptome 3′end is an important and evolutionarily conserved layer of gene regulation associated with differentiation and dedifferentiation processes. Here, we identify extensive transcriptome 3′end-alterations in neuroblastoma, a tumour entity with a paucity of recurrent somatic mutations and an unusually high frequency of spontaneous regression. Utilising extensive RNAi-screening we reveal the landscape and drivers of transcriptome 3′end-diversification, discovering PCF11 as critical regulator, directing alternative polyadenylation (APA) of hundreds of transcripts including a differentiation RNA-operon. PCF11 shapes inputs converging on WNT-signalling, and governs cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and neurodifferentiation. Postnatal PCF11 down-regulation induces a neurodifferentiation program, and low-level PCF11 in neuroblastoma associates with favourable outcome and spontaneous tumour regression. Our findings document a critical role for APA in tumorigenesis and describe a novel mechanism for cell fate reprogramming in neuroblastoma with potentially important clinical implications. We provide an interactive data repository of transcriptome-wide APA covering > 170 RNAis, and an APA-network map with regulatory hubs.
Human genome-wide measurement of drug-responsive regulatory activity
Authors: Johnson Graham D. , Barrera Alejandro , McDowell Ian C. , D’Ippolito Anthony M. , Majoros William H. , Vockley Christopher M. , Wang Xingyan , Allen Andrew S. , Reddy Timothy E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEnvironmental stimuli commonly act via changes in gene regulation. Human-genome-scale assays to measure such responses are indirect or require knowledge of the transcription factors (TFs) involved. Here, we present the use of human genome-wide high-throughput reporter assays to measure environmentally-responsive regulatory element activity. We focus on responses to glucocorticoids (GCs), an important class of pharmaceuticals and a paradigmatic genomic response model. We assay GC-responsive regulatory activity across >108 unique DNA fragments, covering the human genome at >50×. Those assays directly detected thousands of GC-responsive regulatory elements genome-wide. We then validate those findings with measurements of transcription factor occupancy, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression. We also detect allele-specific environmental responses. Notably, the assays did not require knowledge of GC response mechanisms. Thus, this technology can be used to agnostically quantify genomic responses for which the underlying mechanism remains unknown.
TGNap1 is required for microtubule-dependent homeostasis of a subpopulation of the plant trans-Golgi network
Authors: Renna Luciana , Stefano Giovanni , Slabaugh Erin , Wormsbaecher Clarissa , Sulpizio Alan , Zienkiewicz Krzysztof , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDefining convergent and divergent mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and function of endomembrane organelles is fundamentally important in cell biology. In all eukaryotes, the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN) is the hub where the exocytic and endocytic pathways converge. To gain knowledge in the mechanisms underlying TGN biogenesis and function, we characterized TGNap1, a protein encoded by a plant gene of unknown function conserved with metazoans. We demonstrate that TGNap1 is a TGN protein required for the homeostasis of biosynthetic and endocytic traffic pathways. We also show that TGNap1 binds Rab6, YIP4 and microtubules. Finally, we establish that TGNap1 contributes to microtubule-dependent biogenesis, tracking and function of a TGN subset, likely through interaction with Rab6 and YIP4. Our results identify an important trafficking determinant at the plant TGN and reveal an unexpected reliance of post-Golgi traffic homeostasis and organelle biogenesis on microtubules in plants.