bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Lagrangian Perspective on Parameterizing Deep Convection
Authors: McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Vaillancourt Paul A. , Zadra Ayrton , Separovic Leo , Corvec Shawn , Kirshbaum Daniel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The parameterization of deep moist convection as a subgrid-scale process in numerical models of the atmosphere is required at resolutions that extend well into the convective “gray zone,” the range of grid spacings over which such convection is partially resolved. However, as model resolution approaches the gray zone, the assumptions upon which most existing convective parameterizations are based begin to break down. We focus here on one aspect of this problem that emerges as the temporal and spatial scales of the model become similar to those of deep convection itself. The common practice of static tendency application over a prescribed adjustment period leads to logical inconsistencies at resolutions approaching the gray zone, while more frequent refreshment of the convective calculations can lead to undesirable intermittent behavior. A proposed parcel-based treatment of convective initiation introduces memory into the system in a manner that is consistent with the underlying physical principles of convective triggering, thus reducing the prevalence of unrealistic gradients in convective activity in an operational model running with a 10 km grid spacing. The subsequent introduction of a framework that considers convective clouds as persistent objects, each possessing unique attributes that describe physically relevant cloud properties, appears to improve convective precipitation patterns by depicting realistic cloud memory, movement, and decay. Combined, this Lagrangian view of convection addresses one aspect of the convective gray zone problem and lays a foundation for more realistic treatments of the convective life cycle in parameterization schemes.
University Students’ Self-Rated Health and Use of Health Services: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: MacLeod Emily , Steenbeek Audrey , Latimer Margot , Bombay Amy 
Published: August 2019

Background University students belonging to various ethnic groups have specific health needs that influence their self-rated health and health service use. Purpose To examine which determinants of health serve as key predictors of self-rated health and health service use in a sample of ethnically diverse undergraduate students. Methods Data were abstracted from the 2012 Maritime Undergraduate Student Sexual Health Services Survey (N = 10,512). Logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of self-rated health and use of university-based health services according to ethnicity. Results Social support (Caucasian: odds ratio (OR) = 1.018; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.008, 1.028]; African: OR = 1.890; 95% CI [1.022, 1.160]; Other: OR = 1.096; 95% CI [1.023, 1.175]), and depression risk (Caucasian: OR = .899; 95% CI [.844, .914]; Indigenous: OR = .904; 95% CI [.844, .969]; Asian: OR = .894; 95% CI [.839, .953]; Multiracial: OR = .892; 95% CI [.812, .980]) were the most frequent predictors of self-rated health across the different ethnic groups; while year of study (Caucasian: OR = 1.855; 95% CI [1.764, 1.952]; African: OR = 2.979; 95% CI [2.068, 4.291]; Indigenous OR = 1.828; 95% CI [1.371, 2.436]; Asian: OR = 1.457; 95% CI [1.818, 1.797]; Middle Eastern: OR = 1.602; 95% CI [1.088, 2.359]; Other: OR = 1.485; 95% CI [1.093, 2.018]; Multiracial: OR = 2.064; 95% CI [1.533, 2.778]) was found to be the most significant predictor of health service use. Conclusion Findings from this research shed light on the various factors that impact university students belonging to different ethnic groups, their health, and their access to healthcare that addresses their distinct health needs. Nurses can advocate for the development of health promotion and illness prevention strategies that target the needs of the diverse student population.
Newborn haemoglobinopathy screening using tandem mass spectrometry: Lessons from investigation of an unusual case
Authors: Daniel Yvonne , Henthorn Joan 
Published: August 2019

Objective England has universal screening for sickle cell disease in newborns, with a policy of reporting beta thalassaemia major where it is detected. We report a case with a high gamma/beta ratio (20.167), but all other tandem mass spectrometry results within expected normal limits. The second test did not support the presumed diagnosis of beta thalassaemia major. As the two results were discrepant, further investigations were carried out. Methods and results Sanger sequencing identified a novel mutation HBB:c.40 G > A (Hb Tower Hamlets) with concomitant beta plus (severe) thalassaemia due to the HBB:c.92 + 5 G > C mutation. Conclusions This case highlights considerations for policy makers and implementers of new methods in screening programmes. For the English screening programme, the importance of adherence to the two-part testing strategy for newborn haemoglobinopathy screening is demonstrated. When discrepancies occur in results between the two tests, a thorough investigation is indicated. Communication, training, incident review and oversight are vital aspects of any screening programme. Protocols, risk assessments and guidance require constant monitoring and review to ensure that they remain fit for purpose. When new methods are introduced, stringent application of these principles is recommended.
Validation of the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) Score as an Outcome Measure by Comparison to the Revised Foot Function Index (rFFI)
Authors: Bellas Nicholas , Cirino Carl , Cote Mark P. , Sathe Vinayak , Geaney Lauren 
Published: August 2019

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures serve as an invaluable tool in both the clinical and research setting to monitor a patient’s condition and efficacy of treatments over time. We aim to validate the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score for disorders of the lower extremity using the revised–Foot Function Index (rFFI) as a reference. The SANE score is a 1-question survey that may improve efficiency of outcome data collection in the clinical setting. Methods: Patient age, sex, visit diagnosis by ICD-10 code, SANE score, and rFFI score were collected retrospectively from 218 initial patient encounters between January 2015 through July 2017. Patients were included if they were 18 years or older and were excluded if they had incomplete SANE or rFFI data. Results of the two scores were compared using the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, with correlation defined as excellent (>0.7), excellent-good (0.61-0.7), good (0.4-0.6), or poor (0.2-0.39). Diagnoses were categorized into 9 subgroups that were analyzed, including forefoot, plantar fasciitis, arthritis, deformity, fracture, tendinitis, osteochondral defect (OCD) of the talus, acute soft tissue trauma, and “other.” Results: The SANE score had good correlation with the overall rFFI score ( r = 0.51, P < .01). When comparing the SANE score to the rFFI subscores, there was good correlation with pain ( r = 0.42, P < .01), good correlation with stiffness ( r = 0.44, P < .01), poor correlation with activity ( r = 0.36, P <.01), good correlation with difficulty ( r = 0.52, P < .01), and poor correlation with social issues ( r = 0.39, P < .01). Subanalysis showed an excellent-good correlation between SANE and rFFI score for forefoot pathology ( r = 0.67, P < .01) and plantar fasciitis ( r = 0.63, P < .02), good correlation for arthritis ( r = 0.49, P < .04), deformity ( r = 0.60, P < .01), fracture ( r = 0.50, P < .01), and tendinitis ( r = 0.47, P < .02), and no significant correlation for OCD of the talus ( r = 0.56, P < .15) and acute soft tissue trauma ( r = 0.19, P < .32). Conclusion: The SANE score demonstrates excellent-good correlation with the rFFI for specific pathology including the forefoot and plantar fasciitis and has limited correlation with other pathology.
Dinaciclib enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity against acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Yun Hyun Don , Schirm Dawn K. , Felices Martin , Miller Jeffrey S. , Eckfeldt Craig E. 
Published: August 2019

Key Points
Dinaciclib enhances NK-cell activity against leukemia cells in preclinical AML models. Enhanced NK-cell activation by dinaciclib-treated AML is associated with downregulation of inhibitory NK ligand HLA-E on leukemia cells.
Monocyte procoagulant responses to anthrax peptidoglycan are reinforced by proinflammatory cytokine signaling
Authors: Popescu Narcis Ioan , Girton Alanson , Burgett Tarea , Lovelady Kessa , Coggeshall K. Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDisseminated intravascular coagulation is a frequent manifestation during bacterial infections and is associated with negative clinical outcomes. Imbalanced expression and activity of intravascular tissue factor (TF) is central to the development of infection-associated coagulopathies. Recently, we showed that anthrax peptidoglycan (PGN) induces disseminated intravascular coagulation in a nonhuman primate model of anthrax sepsis. We hypothesized that immune recognition of PGN by monocytes is critical for procoagulant responses to PGN and investigated whether and how PGN induces TF expression in primary human monocytes. We found that PGN induced monocyte TF expression in a large cohort of healthy volunteers similar to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Both immune and procoagulant responses to PGN involve intracellular recognition after PGN internalization, as well as surface signaling through immune Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). In line with our hypothesis, blocking immune receptor function, both signaling and FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, significantly reduced but did not abolish PGN-induced monocyte TF expression, indicating that FcγR-independent internalization contributes to intracellular recognition of PGN. Conversely, when intracellular PGN recognition is abolished, TF expression was sensitive to inhibitors of FcγR signaling, indicating that surface engagement of monocyte immune receptors can promote TF expression. The primary procoagulant responses to PGN were further amplified by proinflammatory cytokines through paracrine and autocrine signaling. Despite intersubject variability in the study cohort, dual neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β provided the most robust inhibition of the procoagulant amplification loop and may prove useful for reducing coagulopathies in gram-positive sepsis.
Tuberculosis among asylum seekers in Milan, Italy: epidemiological analysis and evaluation of interventions
Authors: Villa Simone , Codecasa Luigi Ruffo , Faccini Marino , Pontello Mirella Maria , Ferrarese Maurizio , Castellotti Paola Francesca , Senatore Sabrina , Lamberti Anna , Mazzola Ester , Perno Carlo Federico , Campisi Daniela , Saporiti Matteo , Raviglione Mario Carlo 
Published: August 2019

In countries of the European Union, tuberculosis (TB) mainly affects marginalised people, including asylum seekers. Migratory flows from high-incidence countries to Italy have increased up to 2017, posing challenges to the national health system. This study sought to assess TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) prevalence among asylum seekers in Milan during the biennium 2016–2017 and to evaluate interventions in place.A two-level active surveillance and screening system was developed for both TB and LTBI. Asylum seekers underwent an initial screening with a tuberculin skin test (TST) and a questionnaire at the receiving sites. At the Regional TB Reference Centre, those with a positive result underwent chest radiography. People aged <35 years with negative chest radiography results underwent further testing by interferon-γ release assay. If results of the assay were positive, LTBI treatment was offered. TB and LTBI prevalence were compared with literature data.A total of 5324 asylum seekers, mostly young (10–39 years; 98%), male (84%) and from sub-Saharan Africa (69%), were enrolled in the study. 69 active TB cases were diagnosed and 863 LTBI-positive individuals were detected. TB prevalence was high (1236 per 100 000 population) and LTBI prevalence was 28%. Despite losses (41%) during the transition from initial screening sites and the diagnostic centre, a good TB cure rate (84%) and optimal LTBI treatment completion (94%) were achieved.Our study shows that TB incidence is high among asylum seekers in Milan and that well-coordinated screening measures are critical for early diagnosis and treatment. It also proves that rolling out successful at-scale interventions for both prophylaxis and disease management is feasible.
Exacerbation action plans for patients with COPD and comorbidities: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lenferink Anke , van der Palen Job , van der Valk Paul D.L.P.M. , Cafarella Paul , van Veen Anneke , Quinn Stephen , Groothuis-Oudshoorn Catharina G.M. , Burt Morton G. , Young Mary , Frith Peter A. , Effing Tanja W. 
Published: August 2019

This international randomised controlled trial evaluated whether COPD patients with comorbidities, trained in using patient-tailored multidisease exacerbation action plans, had fewer COPD exacerbation days than usual care (UC).COPD patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification II–IV) with ≥1 comorbidity (ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, anxiety, depression) were randomised to a patient-tailored self-management intervention (n=102) or UC (n=99). Daily symptom diaries were completed for 12 months. The primary outcome “COPD exacerbation days per patient per year” was assessed using intention-to-treat analyses.No significant difference was observed in the number of COPD exacerbation days per patient per year (self-management: median 9.6 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.7–31.1); UC: median 15.6 (IQR 3.0–40.3); incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.87 (95% CI 0.54; 1.39); p=0.546). There was a significantly shorter duration per COPD exacerbation for self-management (self-management: median 8.1 (IQR 4.8–10.1) days; UC: median 9.5 (IQR 7.0–15.1) days; p=0.021), with no between-group differences in the total number of respiratory hospitalisations (IRR 0.76 (95% CI 0.42; 1.35); p=0.348), but a lower probability of ≥1 for respiratory-related hospitalisation compared to UC (relative risk 0.55 (95% CI 0.35; 0.87); p=0.008). No between-group differences were observed in all-cause hospitalisations (IRR 1.07 (95% CI 0.66; 1.72)) or mortality (self-management: n=4 (3.9%); UC: n=7 (7.1%); relative risk 0.55 (95% CI 0.17; 1.84)).Patient-tailored exacerbation action plans for COPD patients with comorbidities did not significantly reduce exacerbation days, but reduced the duration per COPD exacerbation and the risk of having at least one respiratory-related hospitalisation during follow-up, without excess all-cause mortality.
Analytical characterization of 5,5′-dibromoindigo and its first discovery in a museum textile
Authors: Smith Gregory Dale , Chen Victor J. , Holden Amanda , Keefe Melinda H. , Lieb Shannon G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The exploitation of natural sources and later synthetic molecules to generate blue to purple coloration in textiles has a long history in the dyer’s craft. Natural indigoids such as indigo, woad, and Tyrian or shellfish purple served this purpose for millennia, but in the late 1800s synthetic analogs, in particular indigotin, quickly replaced natural sources. Halogenated versions of the dye were also created, and some like 5,5′-dibromoindigo were brought to market. Interestingly, these have not been significantly discussed in the literature, nor have they been found in forensic or technical art history investigations of textiles until now. This paper reports the first identification in a museum context of this unusual synthetic brominated analog of indigo, discovered on three twentieth century Japanese yukata. Analytical data collected on reference materials using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are provided to assist with future identifications of this relatively unknown colorant. Density functional theory applied to 5,5′-dibromoindigo was used to confirm the experimental Raman spectrum.
Clinical, pathological and prognostic implications of USP22, SIRT1 and E-cadherin expression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue
Authors: Harb Ola A. , Kaf Randa Mohamed , Taha Heba F. , Balata Safa A. , Hemeda Rehab , Yehia Ahmed Mohamed , Gertallah Loay M. , Embaby Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) is described as a stem cell (CSC) marker which is involved in many biological processes, including cancer development, cellular growth and differentiation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) controls a set of biologic processes that range from metabolic homeostasis to cancer. E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion molecule. Clinically, USP22, SIRT1 and E-cadherin have been studied to predict prognosis of a variety of cancers but the detailed roles of their expression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and their relation to cancer invasion, metastases and recurrence are still not fully explained.

Aim of the study
To evaluate the expression of USP22, SIRT1 & E-cadherin in PTC tissues and adjacent non-neoplastic thyroid tissue and to correlate their expression with histopathology, clinical, pathological and prognostic parameters of PTC patients.

Methods
We have assessed USP22, SIRT1 & E-cadherin expression using immunohistochemistry in 40 cases with PTC in both malignant tissue and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue, analyzed the relationships between their levels of expression, clinic-pathological parameters, prognosis and survival of patients.

Results
High protein expression levels of both USP22, SIRT1 in addition to low E-cadherin expression in PTC were associated with larger tumors, extra-thyroidal extension, vascular invasion, lymphatic spread (p < 0.001), existence of distant metastases (p = 0.005 & 0.012 respectively), higher stage of the disease (p = 0.012 & 0.042 respectively) and worse five-years overall survival rates (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients having advanced PTC with unfavorable prognosis had high levels of both USP22, SIRT1 in addition to low E-cadherin expression.
Understanding cognitive impairment in mood disorders: mediation analyses in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Cullen Breda , Smith Daniel J. , Deary Ian J. , Pell Jill P. , Keyes Katherine M. , Evans Jonathan J. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundCognitive impairment is strongly linked with persistent disability in people with mood disorders, but the factors that explain cognitive impairment in this population are unclear.AimsTo estimate the total effect of (a) bipolar disorder and (b) major depression on cognitive function, and the magnitude of the effect that is explained by potentially modifiable intermediate factors.MethodCross-sectional study using baseline data from the UK Biobank cohort. Participants were categorised as having bipolar disorder (n = 2709), major depression (n = 50 975) or no mood disorder (n = 102 931 and n = 105 284). The outcomes were computerised tests of reasoning, reaction time and memory. The potential mediators were cardiometabolic disease and psychotropic medication. Analyses were informed by graphical methods and controlled for confounding using regression, propensity score-based methods and G-computation.ResultsGroup differences of small magnitude were found on a visuospatial memory test. Z-score differences for the bipolar disorder group were in the range −0.23 to −0.17 (95% CI −0.39 to −0.03) across different estimation methods, and for the major depression group they were approximately −0.07 (95% CI −0.10 to −0.03). One-quarter of the effect was mediated via psychotropic medication in the bipolar disorder group (−0.05; 95% CI −0.09 to −0.01). No evidence was found for mediation via cardiometabolic disease.ConclusionsIn a large community-based sample in middle to early old age, bipolar disorder and depression were associated with lower visuospatial memory performance, in part potentially due to psychotropic medication use. Mood disorders and their treatments will have increasing importance for population cognitive health as the proportion of older adults continues to grow.Declaration of interestI.J.D. is a UK Biobank participant. J.P.P. is a member of the UK Biobank Steering Committee.
Computed Tomography–Derived Radiomic Metrics Can Identify Responders to Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Himoto Yuki , Veeraraghavan Harini , Zheng Junting , Zamarin Dmitriy , Snyder Alexandra , Capanu Marinela , Nougaret Stephanie , Vargas Hebert A. , Shitano Fuki , Callahan Margaret , Wang Wei , Sala Evis , Lakhman Yulia 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSETo determine if radiomic measures of tumor heterogeneity derived from baseline contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) are associated with durable clinical benefit and time to off-treatment in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (OC) enrolled in prospective immunotherapeutic trials.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis retrospective study included 75 patients with recurrent OC who were enrolled in prospective immunotherapeutic trials (n = 74) or treated off-label (n = 1) and had baseline CE-CT scans. Disease burden (total tumor volume, number of disease sites), radiomic measures of intertumor heterogeneity (cluster-site entropy, cluster-site dissimilarity), and intratumor heterogeneity of the largest lesion (Haralick texture features) were computed. Associations of clinical, conventional imaging, and radiomic measures with durable clinical benefit and time to off-treatment were examined.RESULTSIn univariable analysis, fewer disease sites, lower intertumor heterogeneity (lower cluster-site entropy, lower cluster-site dissimilarity), and lower intratumor heterogeneity of the largest lesion (higher energy) were significantly associated with durable clinical benefit ( P ≤ .031). More disease sites, presence of pleural disease and/or distant metastases, higher intertumor heterogeneity (higher cluster-site entropy, higher cluster-site dissimilarity), and higher intratumor heterogeneity of the largest lesion (higher Contrastlargest-lesion) were significantly associated with shorter time to off-treatment ( P ≤ .034). In multivariable analysis, higher Energylargest-lesion(indicator of lower intratumor heterogeneity; P = .006; odds ratio, 1.41) and fewer disease sites ( P = .003; odds ratio, 1.64) remained significant indicators of durable clinical benefit (multivariable model C-index, 0.821). Higher cluster-site dissimilarity (indicator of higher intertumor heterogeneity) was a modest but single independent indicator of shorter time to off-treatment ( P = .004; hazard ratio, 1.19; C-index, 0.6).CONCLUSIONFewer disease sites and lower intra- and intertumor heterogeneity modeled from the baseline CE-CT may indicate better response of OC to immunotherapy.