bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional characterization of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthetase fromVibrio cholerae
Authors: Bose Sucharita , Purkait Debayan , Joseph Deepthi , Nayak Vinod , Subramanian Ramaswamy 
Published: May 2019

Several pathogenic bacteria utilize sialic acid, including host-derivedN-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), in at least two ways: they use it as a nutrient source and as a host-evasion strategy by coating themselves with Neu5Ac. Given the significant role of sialic acid in pathogenesis and host-gut colonization by various pathogenic bacteria, includingNeisseria meningitidis,Haemophilus influenzae,Pasteurella multocidaandVibrio cholerae, several enzymes of the sialic acid catabolic, biosynthetic and incorporation pathways are considered to be potential drug targets. In this work, findings on the structural and functional characterization of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthetase (CMAS), a key enzyme in the incorporation pathway, fromVibrio choleraeare reported. CMAS catalyzes the synthesis of CMP-sialic acid by utilizing CTP and sialic acid. Crystal structures of the apo and the CDP-bound forms of the enzyme were determined, which allowed the identification of the metal cofactor Mg2+in the active site interacting with CDP and the invariant Asp215 residue. While open and closed structural forms of the enzyme from eukaryotic and other bacterial species have already been characterized, a partially closed structure ofV. choleraeCMAS (VcCMAS) observed upon CDP binding, representing an intermediate state, is reported here. The kinetic data suggest that VcCMAS is capable of activating the two most common sialic acid derivatives, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Amino-acid sequence and structural comparison of the active site of VcCMAS with those of eukaryotic and other bacterial counterparts reveal a diverse hydrophobic pocket that interacts with the C5 substituents of sialic acid. Analyses of the thermodynamic signatures obtained from the binding of the nucleotide (CTP) and the product (CMP-sialic acid) to VcCMAS provide fundamental information on the energetics of the binding process.
Entropy of centrality values for topological vulnerability analysis of water distribution networks
Authors: Zarghami Seyed Ashkan , Gunawan Indra , Schultmann Frank 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The increased complexity of water distribution networks (WDNs) emphasizes the importance of studying the relationship between topology and vulnerability of these networks. However, the few existing studies on this subject measure the vulnerability at a specific location and ignore to quantify the vulnerability as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by extending the topological vulnerability analysis further to the global level.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper introduces a two-step procedure. In the first step, this work evaluates the degree of influence of a node by employing graph theory quantities. In the second step, information entropy is used as a tool to quantify the global vulnerability of WDNs.

Findings
The vulnerability analysis results showed that a network with uniformly distributed centrality values exhibits a lower drop in performance in the case of partial failure of its components and therefore is less vulnerable. In other words, the failure of a highly central node leads to a significant loss of performance in the network.

Practical implications
The vulnerability analysis method, developed in this work, provides a decision support tool to implement a cost-effective maintenance strategy, which relies on identifying and prioritizing the vulnerabilities, thereby reducing expenditures on maintenance activities.

Originality/value
By situating the research in the entropy theory context, for the first time, this paper demonstrates how heterogeneity and homogeneity of centrality values measured by the information entropy can be interpreted in terms of the network vulnerability.
A global taxonomic review and analysis of the development of BIM research between 2006 and 2017
Authors: Saka Abdullahi Babatunde , Chan Daniel W.M. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to review the status of development of building information modelling (BIM), its trends and themes across the six continents of the world.Design/methodology/approachA total of 914 journal articles sought from the search engine of Web of Science (WOS) based on the country/region option of the WOS to group them into continents. A best-fit approach was then applied in selecting the suitable software programmes for the scientometric analysis and comparisons and deductions were made.FindingsThe findings revealed that there are differences in the development of BIM across the six continents of the world. South America and Africa are lagging in the BIM research and Australia and Asia are growing, whilst Europe and North America are ahead. In addition, there exist differences in the research themes and trends in these continents as against the single view presented in extant studies.Originality/valueThis study introduced a new approach to carry out a comparative and taxonomic review and has provided both academic researchers and industrial practitioners with a clear status of development of BIM research and the trend across the six continents of the world.
Utilising trade unions in business continuity management to create resilience
Authors: Ferguson Cliff 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Trade unions are the political arm of the working class, economically active masses, whilst industrial action is a demonstration of the will to reach their objectives. However, the crippling of systems through such contradicts business continuity. Yet, the opposite is true for a natural disaster that traumatises the union member and has a direct impact on their well-being. Inculcating a service continuity and resilience in government, with trade unions as majority stakeholders, may be a challenge. Moreover, it is further complicated by the African perspective, which will become prevalent in the author’s deliberations, as the trade union landscape is open to revolutionary Marxism, Socialism and Capitalistic precepts and concepts. Testing the problem and solutions with the period model produces evidence that purports a future praxis for business continuity management (BCM) that involves trade union representatives and their members. Ultimately, trade unions, cumbersome as they may seem, have much to offer as far as human resources, mass membership, knowledge and skill are concerned. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
An action learning approach linked to the period model to answer five research questions, namely: What is the actual modus operandi of trade unions with regard to business continuity and resilience?; What is the actual interest of union representatives in the understanding and implementation of BCM and resilience standards and concepts?; What would be required to utilise trade union platforms for the purposes of BC induction and awareness?; How will BCM certification for trade union stewards affect or impact on their industrial actions or campaigns?; How can the BCM fora develop a theory and possible praxis, to involve trade unions as part of the business continuity and resilience programme of an organisation?

Findings
The findings are as follows: the period model works as an agent of action learning. The likelihood of trade unions to participate in business continuity outside of labour action is commendable. Trade union representatives are keen on being certified as BCM practitioners. BCPs are inclined to fail with industrial action when involving trade union representatives. The BCM Policy and ISO 22301 standards bring about a good understanding of the roles of BC practitioners and union representatives in a crisis period.

Research limitations/implications
Research was limited to the pilot site, i.e. The Government Pensions Administration Agency – South Africa.

Originality/value
The paper brings about a new dimension to a business continuity programme, where the trade unions are no longer an interested party but rather they become active members of a business continuity team.
Free element method and its application in CFD
Authors: Gao X.W. , Liu Huayu , Cui Miao , Yang Kai , Peng Haifeng 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new strong-form numerical method, called the free element method, for solving general boundary value problems governed by partial differential equations. The main idea of the method is to use a locally formed element for each point to set up the system of equations. The proposed method is used to solve the fluid mechanics problems.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed free element method adopts the isoparametric elements as used in the finite element method (FEM) to represent the variation of coordinates and physical variables and collocates equations node-by-node based on the newly derived element differential formulations by the authors. The distinct feature of the method is that only one independently formed individual element is used at each point. The final system of equations is directly formed by collocating the governing equations at internal points and the boundary conditions at boundary points. The method can effectively capture phenomena of sharply jumped variables and discontinuities (e.g. the shock waves).

Findings
a) A new numerical method called the FEM is proposed; b) the proposed method is used to solve the compressible fluid mechanics problems for the first time, in which the shock wave can be naturally captured; and c) the method can directly set up the system of equations from the governing equations.

Originality/value
This paper presents a completely new numerical method for solving compressible fluid mechanics problems, which has not been submitted anywhere else for publication.
Social representations of marketing work: advertising workers and social media
Authors: Cluley Robert , Green William 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Informed by social representation theory, the study aims to explore how marketing workers represent their activities on social media.

Design/methodology/approach
A naturalistic data set of 17,553 messages posted on Twitter by advertising workers was collected. A sample of over 1,000 unique messages from this data set, incorporating all external links and images, was analysed inductively using structured thematic analysis.

Findings
Advertising workers represent marketing work as a series of fun yet constrained activities involving relationships with clients and colleagues. They engage in cognitive polyphasia by evaluating these productive differences in both a positive and negative light.

Research limitations/implications
The study marks a novel use of social representation theory and innovative social media analysis. Further research should explore these relations in greater depth by considering the networks that marketing workers create on social media and establish how, when and why marketing workers turn to social media in their everyday activities.

Practical implications
Marketing workers choose to represent aspects of their work to one another, using social media. Marketing managers should support such activities and consider social media as a way to understand the lives and experiences of marketing workers.

Originality/value
Marketing researchers have embraced digital media as a route to understanding consumers. This study demonstrates the value of analysing digital media to develop an understanding of marketing work. It sheds new light on the ways marketing workers create social relationships and enables marketing managers to understand and observe the social aspects of effective marketing.
Legislative framework for implementing recognition of prior learning
Authors: Hlongwane Ike 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and highlight the key constructs of an enabling policy environment and their probable impact on development and implementation of recognition of prior learning (RPL) process in higher education and training in South Africa with reference to library and information science (LIS) field.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted quantitative methods, and utilised questionnaires and document analysis to collect data. The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from all the ten LIS schools in the South African higher education and training landscape. The questionnaire was used as the main data collection tool to collect quantitative data through a survey research design. In addition, the researcher employed content analysis to analyse qualitative data collected from institutional RPL policy documents.

Findings
The study found that the LIS schools have aligned most of their institutional RPL policies and procedures with South African Qualifications Authority’s national RPL policy (2013). However, in terms of the institutional RPL policy environment, the study found that there was a low level of compliance regarding certain aspects of the policy environment among LIS schools despite their express explicit commitment to the principles of equity of access and redress.

Research limitations/implications
In-depth interviews were not conducted to ascertain the reasons for low level of compliance regarding certain aspects of the RPL policy.

Practical implications
This study is valuable for higher education institutions, policy and governance, government and other stakeholders to assess the level of compliance to legislative and regulatory framework in RPL implementation in higher education and training in South Africa. In addition, the study was important for LIS schools in particular as RPL can be used as a tool to open access and increase participation in learning programmes to counteract low level of student enrolments in this field.

Originality/value
There is very little published concerning compliance to legislative framework RPL implementation in higher education and training. Furthermore, most published work relate to RPL implementation in higher education and training in general. The paper describes compliance to legislative framework to RPL implementation in higher education and training in South Africa with special reference to LIS field.
A recommended closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process for hospitality programs
Authors: Reich Allen Z. , Collins Galen R. , DeFranco Agnes L. , Pieper Suzanne L. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Because of the increasingly higher expectations of accrediting organizations, calls for greater accountability from state governments and students’ demand for an education that prepares them for a career, most hospitality programs are now required to have an effective assessment of learning outcomes process. The increasing popularity of the assessment of learning outcomes process is viewed as highly positive because it can be considered as best-practices in higher education. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This is Part 2 of a two-part article that provides an overview of the justifications for implementing an assessment of learning outcomes process, the steps that were developed by two hospitality programs, and the experiences of the two programs during implementation.

Findings
The steps in a closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process are relatively detailed; however, because of changes in expectations of stakeholders and the requirements of accreditors, they are now mandatory for most hospitality programs. Therefore, the choice is not whether to implement them, but when. From a competitive standpoint, it is to the program’s advantage to begin as soon as possible. Another factor to consider is that the implementation of a closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process will take several years to complete.

Originality/value
This paper is presenting a critical view of one of, if not the most important concepts in higher education, the closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process. Hopefully, the information on the process that is provided and the experiences of the two programs can shorten the learning curve for other hospitality programs.
Physique differences and psychophysiological response under clothing pressure using waist belt
Authors: Uemae Mayumi , Uemae Tomohiro , Kamijo Masayoshi 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the physique difference and psychophysiological response under clothing pressure by a waist belt.

Design/methodology/approach
The influences of clothing pressure on physiological and psychological responses were evaluated by the following measurements: functional near-infrared spectroscopy, electrocardiogram and sensory evaluation. The authors investigated the correlation between the anthropometric data and psychophysiological response data.

Findings
There were significant correlations between body fat and physiological responses. It was suggested that differences in body fat affect changes in cerebral hemodynamics and heart rate due to clothing pressure. It is inferred that the participants having lower body fat reacted more sensitively to the compression stimulus, while those having higher body fat were more tolerant of physiological reactions to compression stimulus.

Originality/value
This paper has presented the necessity of clothing comfort evaluation considering individual differences in physique due to body fat.
GCG, financial architecture on stock return, financial performance and corporate value
Authors: Suhadak Suhadak , Mangesti Rahayu Sri , Handayani Siti Ragil 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to observe and analyze the influence of good corporate governance (GCG) and financial architecture on stock returns and financial performance and its implication for corporate value.Design/methodology/approachThe data were analyzed using generalized structured component analysis. The unit of analysis for this research was LQ45 listed companies at the Indonesian Stock Exchange, taking data from the Indonesia Capital Market Directory (ICMD), and the annual reports and financial reports of these companies. The population researched was as many as 84 companies. For the sample, LQ45 companies with annual reports, financial reports and long-standing, continuous ICMD membership were examined using “purposive sampling.” The research sample was about 22 companies assessed over the course of five years (i.e. 110 samples).FindingsFirst, GCG has a significant and negative relationship to stock returns; second, financial architecture has a significant and positive relationship to stock returns, financial performance and corporate value; third, stock returns have a significant and positive relationship to financial performance and corporate value; and fourth, financial performance has a significant and positive relationship to stock returns and corporate value.Originality/valueThe originality of this research is to be found in its examination and analysis of relationships between stock returns and financial performance, which was discovered to be reciprocal, namely, the relationship between the variables occurring affected each other (causality alternating with turning), whereas in previous studies the relationship between variables was unidirectional. Besides the research undertaken before, an analysis was made to understand the influence of GCG on stock returns, corporate value and financial performance. There are differences in the results between studies that support the conjecture that financial architecture has a significant positive effect on financial performance and corporate value, and also that financial architecture has a significant positive effect on financial performance and corporate value. Given those existing differences, this study reexamines the effect of financial architecture on financial performance and corporate value.
Piston-ring performance: limitations from cavitation and friction
Authors: Dellis Polychronis Spyridon 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Cavitation in piston-ring lubrication is studied as part of the performance of piston-ring assemblies. Cavitation degrades performance in engineering applications and its effect is that it alters the oil film pressure, generated at the converging-diverging wedge of the interface. Studies tried to shed light to the phenomenon of cavitation and compare it with cavities that have been identified in bearings. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
Lubricant formulations were used for parametric study of oil film thickness (OFT) and friction providing the OFT throughout the stroke and LIF for OFT point measurements. Lubricant formulation affects cavitation appearance and behaviour when fully developed.

Findings
Cavitation affects the ring load carrying capacity. Different forms of cavitation were identified and their shape and size (length and width) is dictated from reciprocating speed and viscosity of the lubricant. A clear picture is given from both techniques and friction results give quantifiable data in terms of the effect in wear and cavitation, depending on the lubricant properties.

Research limitations/implications
Engine results are limited due to manufacturing difficulties of visualisation windows and oil starvation. Therefore, full stroke length sized windows were not an option and motoring tests were implemented due to materials limitations (adhesive and quartz windows). Lubricant manufacturer has to give data regarding the chemistry of the lubricants.

Originality/value
The contribution of cavitation in piston-ring lubrication OFT, friction measurements and lubricant parameters that try to shed light to the different forms of cavitation. A link between viscosity, cavitation, shear thinning properties, OFT and friction is given.
Understanding the expression of grievances in the Arabic Twitter-sphere using machine learning
Authors: Al-Saggaf Yeslam , Davies Amanda 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the design, application and findings of a case study in which the application of a machine learning algorithm is utilised to identify the grievances in Twitter in an Arabian context.Design/methodology/approachTo understand the characteristics of the Twitter users who expressed the identified grievances, data mining techniques and social network analysis were utilised. The study extracted a total of 23,363 tweets and these were stored as a data set. The machine learning algorithm applied to this data set was followed by utilising a data mining process to explore the characteristics of the Twitter feed users. The network of the users was mapped and the individual level of interactivity and network density were calculated.FindingsThe machine learning algorithm revealed 12 themes all of which were underpinned by the coalition of Arab countries blockade of Qatar. The data mining analysis revealed that the tweets could be clustered in three clusters, the main cluster included users with a large number of followers and friends but who did not mention other users in their tweets. The social network analysis revealed that whilst a large proportion of users engaged in direct messages with others, the network ties between them were not registered as strong.Practical implicationsBorum (2011) notes that invoking grievances is the first step in the radicalisation process. It is hoped that by understanding these grievances, the study will shed light on what radical groups could invoke to win the sympathy of aggrieved people.Originality/valueIn combination, the machine learning algorithm offered insights into the grievances expressed within the tweets in an Arabian context. The data mining and the social network analyses revealed the characteristics of the Twitter users highlighting identifying and managing early intervention of radicalisation.