bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Visual Impairment After Acquired Brain Injury—Current Practice, Referrals, and Barriers
Authors: Wehling Eike , Schow Trine , Kristensen Karin Spangsberg , Vikane Eirik , Falkenberg Helle K. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Visual impairment (VI) is still underdiagnosed in patients with acquired brain injury despite the large impact on daily life activities and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to explore the current practice of identification of VI, management plans, referrals, and experienced barriers in Norwegian hospital settings.Materials and Methods: An online survey was sent out to leaders (n = 62) in hospitals treating patients with acquired brain injury. Data from 22 items covering routines, interdisciplinary collaboration, assessment tools, protocols, barriers, referral practice, and background information were collected.Results: Respondents (n = 108) comprised various professions from mainly acute or subacute settings. Visual field deficits, oculomotor dysfunction, and neglect were most commonly but not routinely assessed (53%–57%). Besides medical examination, patient interviews, and observations rather than standardized tests or questionnaires (82% vs.25%) were used. Few workplaces seemed to have interdisciplinary vision teams (13%). Barriers were patient characteristics such as cognitive and language impairment and limited resources. Below half (45%) felt competent in assessing VI or had attended courses on the topic (44%).Conclusions: The study highlights the need to implement standardized assessment, improve interdisciplinary collaboration, and facilitate training courses to enable hospital staff to assess VI after brain injury. These steps could contribute to improved assessment and management of VI and contribute to overcome the indicated barriers leading to better patient care and outcome.
White Matter Lesion Volumes on 3‐T MRI in People With MS Who Had Followed a Diet and Lifestyle Program for More Than 10 Years
Authors: Jaftha Mariaan , Robertson Frances , van Rensburg Susan J. , Kidd Martin , van Toorn Ronald , Kemp Merlisa C. , Johannes Clint , Moremi Kelebogile E. , Whati Lindiwe , Kotze Maritha J. , Engel-Hills Penelope 
Published: November 2024

Background: Cerebral white matter lesion (WML) formation in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) is linked to the death of myelin‐producing oligodendrocytes. Current MS treatment strategies focus on limiting WML accumulation and disability. Using a pathology‐supported genetic testing (PSGT) program, we identified specific risk factors for MS, categorized as deficiencies and aggravators. We developed a novel clinical methodology to mitigate these risk factors, including personalized lifestyle interventions and optimization of cerebral nutrients to prevent oligodendrocyte demise and promote remyelination.Objective: To conduct a pilot case‐control study over a 10‐year period to ascertain whether the PSGT Program can reduce or prevent WML formation in pwMS.Methods: MRI was performed at baseline as well as after an interval period of at least 10 years or longer in 22 pwMS. WML volumes were determined using Sequence Adaptive Multimodal SEGmentation (SAMSEG) software, part of FreeSurfer 7.2. Other variables included age at MRI, disease duration, disability status, and medication.Results: PwMS (n = 13) who had followed the PSGT program for more than 10 years, had significantly smaller lesion volumes (mm3) compared to pwMS who did not adhere to the program (n = 9) (4950 ± 5303 vs. 17934 ± 11139; p = 0.002). WML volumes were significantly associated (p = 0.02) with disability (EDSS) but not with age (p = 0.350), disease duration (p = 0.709), or Interferon‐β treatment (p = 0.70).Conclusion: Dietary and lifestyle changes may lower the risk of developing cerebral WMLs in pwMS and potentially slow disease progression. Larger studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of such interventions in pwMS.
Cancer Epidemiology in Hispanic Populations: Needs and Opportunities
Authors: Ishibe Naoko , Elena Joanne W. , Gallicchio Lisa , Kennedy Amy E. , Akif Kaitlin E. , Hanisch Rachel , Lai Gabriel Y. , Mahabir Somdat , Martin Damali N. , Pottinger Camille A. , Yu Catherine T. , Srinivasan Shobha , Lam Tram Kim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This report provides a summary of the identified evidence gaps and a general discussion of the next steps to advance cancer epidemiology research in Hispanic/Latino (H/L) populations based partly on the workshop, “Cancer Epidemiology in Hispanic Populations,” convened by the NCI in September 2021. The cancer burden among H/L populations varies greatly by nativity and country of origin, yet this variation is not often captured due to systemic challenges in how racial/ethnic data have been collected and often reported in aggregate for this heterogeneous population. Developing culturally relevant assessment tools, increasing the representation of H/L participants, and adopting appropriate methodologic approaches are critical to enhancing cancer research. There is a variety of current funding mechanisms that may be used to address these evidence gaps and priorities, including investigator-initiated mechanisms. Cancer epidemiologic research in H/L populations should leverage existing resources where possible. New and ongoing studies should collect information on nativity status, country of origin, and related measures, use culturally specific assessment tools, engage in collaborative science, and maintain strong community engagement to build studies that will meaningfully address the cancer burden experienced by the growing H/L population.
Supplementary Table 1 from A Call for Innovative Translational and Clinical Research to Address China’s Unique Cancer Landscape
Authors: Zhang Chaoqi , Wu Peng , Li Dongyu , Gu Xuanyu , Lin Chuqi , Zhou Junhan , Shang Dexin , Liu Jingjing , Ma Ruijie , Zhao Bohui , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: November 2024

<p>Supplementary Table 1. The number of Investigational New Drug (IND) and New Drug Application (NDA) applications retrieved from the Annual Drug Evaluation Report by the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) from 2018-2023.</p>
Pan-Cancer Analysis of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Cell Lines
Authors: Dodson Anne E. , Shenker Sol , Sullivan Pamela , Nayak Sumeet U. , Middleton Chris , McGuire Michael , Chipumuro Edmond , Mishina Yuji , Tobin Erica R. , Cadzow Louise , Wylie Andrew A. , Sangurdekar Dipen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) drives genomic instability in multiple cancer types and renders tumors vulnerable to certain DNA-damaging agents such as PARP inhibitors. Thus, HRD is emerging as an attractive biomarker in oncology. A variety of in silico methods are available for predicting HRD; however, few of these methods have been applied to cell lines in a comprehensive manner. Here, we utilized two of these methods, “Classifier of HOmologous Recombination Deficiency” and “HRDsum” scores, to predict HRD for 1,332 cancer cell lines and 84 noncancerous cell lines. Cell lines with biallelic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, which encode key components of the homologous recombination pathway, showed the strongest HRD predictions, validating the two methods in cell lines. A small subset of BRCA1/2 wild-type cell lines was also classified as HRD, several of which showed evidence of epigenetic BRCA1 silencing. Similar to HRD in patient samples, HRD in cell lines was associated with p53 loss, was mutually exclusive with microsatellite instability, and occurred most frequently in breast and ovarian cancer types. In addition to validating previously identified associations with HRD, we leveraged cell line–specific datasets to gain new insights into HRD and its relation to various genetic dependency and drug sensitivity profiles. We found that in cell lines, HRD was associated with sensitivity to PARP inhibition in breast cancer but not at a pan-cancer level. By generating large-scale, pan-cancer datasets on HRD predictions in cell lines, we aim to facilitate efforts to improve our understanding of HRD and its utility as a biomarker.

Significance:
HRD is common in cancer and can be exploited therapeutically, as it sensitizes cells to DNA-damaging agents. Here, we scored more than 1,300 cancer cell lines for HRD using two different bioinformatic approaches, thereby enabling large-scale analyses that provide insights into the etiology and features of HRD.
Theta Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Is Not Effective in Improving Working Memory Performance
Authors: Kasanov Dauren , Dorogina Olga , Mushtaq Faisal , Pavlov Yuri G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is an extensive body of research showing a significant relationship between frontal midline theta activity in the 4- to 8-Hz range and working memory (WM) performance. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is recognized for inducing lasting changes in brain oscillatory activity. Across two experiments, we tested whether WM could be improved through tACS of dorsomedial PFC and ACC, by affecting executive control networks associated with frontal midline theta. In Experiment 1, after either a 20-min verum or sham stimulation applied to Fpz–CPz at 1 mA and 6 Hz, 31 participants performed WM tasks, while EEG was recorded. The tasks required participants to either mentally manipulate memory items or retain them in memory as they were originally presented. No significant effects were observed in behavioral performance, and we found no change in theta activity during rest and task after stimulation. However, alpha activity during retention or manipulation of information in WM was less strongly enhanced during the delay period after verum stimulation as compared with sham. In Experiment 2 (n = 25), tACS was administered during the task in two separate sessions. Here, we changed the order of the stimulation blocks: A 25-min task block was either accompanied first by sham stimulation and then by verum stimulation, or vice versa. Again, we found no improvements in WM through either tACS after-effects or online stimulation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that theta frequency tACS applied at the midline is not an effective method for enhancing WM.
Thermoregulation and microhabitat use of Tachymenis peruviana (Dipsadidae) in semi-captivity conditions
Authors: Miranda-Calle Alejandro Bruno , De la Quintana Paola , Aparicio James , Ríos Ninón , Pacheco Luis F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We studied Tachymenis peruviana`s thermoregulatory strategy, and microhabitat use and selection in an open enclosure at 3400 m elevation during the wet season. We expected that thermal conditions at a high elevation locality would result in differences in the thermoregulatory efficiency within microhabitats through their use and selection along the day. We obtained preferred temperatures and critical thermal tolerance limits of field-captured individuals. Some individuals were kept in an open enclosure with access to four microhabitat types with retreats where to hide. We measured individuals’ field-body temperatures along with substrate and air temperatures, and recorded where the snakes were found according to microhabitat type and if they were inside or outside retreats. Meanwhile, operative temperatures were registered every hour at each offered microhabitat between 08:00 to 18:00 hours. The body and microenvironmental temperatures were highly correlated. Even though the enclosure offered appropriate thermal sources for snakes to reach their preferred temperatures, results indicate that the species met its energy requirements with a low effort in this high elevation enclosure. Almost three-quarters of the observations were recorded in retreat sites, showing a lower thermoregulatory efficiency compared to when they were captured aboveground. A comparative evaluation of the thermoregulation of the species in the field within a variety of thermal regimes experienced along its altitudinal and latitudinal range must still be carried out to better understand the species’ thermoregulatory strategies across the Andes.
Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in neonates exposed to antibiotics: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lozar Krivec J. , Bratina P. , Valcl A. , Lozar Manfreda K. , Petrovčič A. , Benedik E. , Obermajer T. , Bogovič Matijašić B. , Šetina U. , Rupnik M. , Mahnič A. , Paro-Panjan D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Perinatal antibiotic exposure potentially leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). We aimed to investigate the effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation on the development of FGIDs, crying and sleep duration, and the gut microbial composition in infants exposed to antibiotics during the neonatal period. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we included 89 term neonates treated with antibiotics. Neonates received the study product for six weeks. FGIDs, assessed by the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire, crying and sleep duration were assessed at four and eight weeks, and six months after enrolment. Faecal samples were collected six weeks and twelve months after enrolment. The gut microbial community composition was analysed using 16S amplicon sequencing and qPCR. The proportion of infants with FGIDs was greater in the control group, although the difference between the groups was significant only six months after enrolment. At all time points, the probiotic group presented a longer sleep duration and shorter crying time than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Probiotic consumption had no significant effect on the gut microbiota composition except for increased L. reuteri DSM 17938 abundance in the probiotic group at six weeks after enrolment. At specific time points after supplementation with L. reuteri DSM 17938, a reduction in the prevalence of FGIDs was observed in the probiotic group. However, no observable effect on the gut microbiota was detected during the intervention. We believe that probiotic supplementation in neonates during and after antibiotic treatment to minimise the negative effects of antibiotics on gut function during this vulnerable period of human development warrants further investigation.
The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02865564)
Digital Feminism, Public Theology, and the Reshaping of Female Subjectivity in Ghana
Authors: Agana Agana-Nsiire 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Taking the online feminist group Pepper Dem Ministries as a case study, this article assesses how a public theological approach to gender activism underlies public gender discourses by allowing online feminism to attain global-local and post-colonial dimensions. This is explored through a rhetorical analysis of Pepper Dem Ministries’ online and offline discourses, and the response of young Christian women to their activism. These responses are obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted via zoom calls. The discourse of identity fragmentation in modernity frames the analysis of this data, revealing the coherence of Pepper Dem Ministries’ rhetoric with fragmentary or unsystematic theology as a mode of public theological engagement. The article concludes that the social shaping of female subjectivity in Ghana transpires as a public theological discourse influenced by and coherent with global discursive patterns in online feminism, Christian and secular feminist discourse, and public theology.
Investigating the Underlying Mechanisms of Monsoon Season Heavy Precipitation in Central Asian High Mountain Areas
Authors: Zhao Wenqing , Ma Yaoming , Takemi Tetsuya , Chen Xuelong , Cao Dianbin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5) reanalysis data from 1979 to 2022 were utilized to investigate extreme precipitation in the central Asian high mountain (CAHM) region, comprising the Pamir Plateau and western, central, and eastern Tianshan regions. This study found that westerlies and monsoons are the primary drivers of extreme precipitation, with distinct mechanisms in the southwestern and northeastern CAHM (divided at approximately 79°E). In the southwestern CAHM, a weak Indian summer monsoon (ISM) leads to negative potential height anomalies, enhancing meridional water vapor flux from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, thereby increasing precipitation. Conversely, extreme precipitation is associated with the negative phase of the Silk Road pattern in the northeastern CAHM. While the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) plays a lesser role, it influences water vapor supplies and atmospheric circulation in the southwestern CAHM and modulate meridional wind position in the northeastern CAHM with the ISM, contributing to extreme precipitation. Seasonal analysis revealed May as the peak for extreme precipitation in the southwestern CAHM region, while extreme precipitation in the northeastern CAHM region peaked in the midmonsoon months (June and July) due to the synergy between monsoons and westerlies of different strengths passing through the CAHM.

Significance Statement
This study explores the occurrence and mechanisms of extreme precipitation in CAHM and explores their four key regions’ water vapor transport pathways during the monsoon period. CAHM has a sensitive and vulnerable ecosystem highlighting the importance of understanding their processes, including the roles of westerlies and monsoons. This is crucial for detecting abnormal water cycles under climate change, such as flood prevention, and enhancing mountain weather forecasting abilities for the monsoon period.
Temporal Variation of Relationships between Circulation Modes and Surface Temperature in the Twentieth Century in Winter
Authors: Hynčica Martin , Huth Radan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Modes of low-frequency variability of atmospheric circulation undergo decadal variations, which affect their spatiotemporal impact on climatic variables on long time scales. Previous studies focused either to one circulation mode or to limited geographical areas. Here, the topic is substantially extended as we provide an overview of long-term variations of all detected circulation modes in the northern extratropics in winter and their impact on relationships with temperature during the twentieth century. Circulation modes are identified by rotated principal component analysis of 500-hPa geopotential heights in the ERA-20C reanalysis; gridded surface temperature data are gained from the Climatic Research Unit Time Series (CRUTS) dataset. Temporal variations of relationships are evaluated by 15-yr running correlations between the circulation modes and surface temperature at all land grid points. Time series of running correlations with all nine circulation modes at all grid points are clustered using the partitioning around medoids (PAM) method into 18 clusters. Both composite maps and temperature advection at the 850-hPa level during specific periods of strengthened, weakened, and normal relationships with surface temperature are used for the determination of mechanisms responsible for the variation of relationships. The main mechanisms are changes in the location, shape, and intensity of centers, and formation or split of centers. These mechanisms affect mainly the intensity and direction of advection, which translate into the magnitude of relationships. Possible causes of changes in the spatial structure of circulation modes are linked with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), shifts of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and long-term changes in the sea ice extent.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Biases in Convective Storm Parameters in CMIP6 Models over North America
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Deepak , Cuervo-Lopez Carlos , Allen John T. , Trapp Robert J. , Robinson Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study presents an evaluation of the skill of 12 global climate models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) archive in capturing convective storm parameters over the United States. For the historical reference period 1979–2014, we compare the model-simulated 6-hourly convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN), 0–1-km wind shear (S01), and 0–6-km wind shear (S06) to those from two independent reanalysis datasets: ERA5 and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA2). To obtain a comprehensive picture, we analyze the parameter distribution, climatological mean, extreme, and thresholded frequency of convective parameters. The analysis reveals significant bias in capturing both magnitude and spatial patterns, which also vary across the seasons. The spatial distribution of means and extremes of the parameters indicates that most models tend to overestimate CAPE, whereas S01 and S06 are underrepresented to varying extents. Additionally, models tend to underestimate extremes in CIN. Comparing the model profiles with rawinsonde profiles indicates that most of the high CAPE models have a warm and moist bias. We also find that the near-surface wind speed is generally underestimated by the models. The intermodel spread is larger for thermodynamic parameters as compared to kinematic parameters. The models generally have a significant positive bias in CAPE over western and eastern regions of the continental United States. More importantly, the bias in the thresholded frequency of all four variables is considerably larger than the bias in the mean, suggesting a nonuniform bias across the distribution. This likely leads to an underrepresentation of favorable severe thunderstorm environments and has the potential to influence dynamical downscaling simulations via initial and boundary conditions.

Significance Statement
Global climate model projections are often used to explore future changes in severe thunderstorm activity. However, climate model outputs often have significant biases, and they can strongly impact the results. In this study, we thoroughly examined biases in convective parameters in 12 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project with respect to two reanalysis datasets. The analysis is performed for North America, covering the period 1979–2014. The study reveals significant biases in convective parameters that differ between models and are tied to the biases in temperature, humidity, and wind profiles. These results provide valuable insight into selecting the right set of models to analyze future changes in severe thunderstorm activity across the North American continent.