bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology for International Drug Monitoring
Authors: ROYALL B. W. , VENULET J. 
Published: March 2018

Because of increasing evidence that the adverse effects of therapeutic drugs often present serious hazards to patients and that available knowledge and experience in this field were not considered to be sufficiently well developed to provide adequate protection against such situations in the future, WHO has been requested to undertake a feasibility study in the field of international co-operation in drug monitoring.The present paper includes (1) the exploratory activities which preceded and led to the implementation of the WHO Pilot Research Project for International Drug Monitoring, (2) the basic concept and description of methodological research and development undertaken during the pilot phase.
Eine maschinelle Methode zur EEG-Klassifikation
Authors: PFURTSCHELLER G. , KOCH W. 
Published: March 2018

Bei der automatischen EEG-Klassifikation wird ein Zeichen, bestehend aus mehreren EEG-Parametern, einer bestimmten Klasse (z. B. Bewußtseinszustand oder pathologischer Gehirnzustand) zugeordnet. Voraussetzung dafür ist die Festlegung jeder Klasse durch eine -möglichst große Zahl bereits erkannter Zeichen. Zweckmäßigerweise wird man für die Gewinnung der Parameter eine EEG-Analyse durchführen, wobei z.B. die Band-Leistungen oder mittleren Dauern einzelner Rhythmen in den Untersuchungsintervallen errechnet werden.Beschrieben wird die maschinelle EEG-Klassifikation (computerunterstützte EEG-Diagnose) nach einem Verfahren der Mustererkennung anhand eines praktischen Beispiels, über die Voraussetzung dafür, nämlich die computergerechte Datenaufbereitung und die Gewinnung der EEG-Parameter über eine PeriodenAmplitudenanalyse, wird kurz berichtet.
Untersuchungen an einem diagnostischen Simulationsmodell
Authors: KOLLEB S. , MICHAELIS J. , SCHEIDT E. 
Published: March 2018

Es wird ein Simulationsverfahren für eine Krankheit und eine Vergleichsgruppe Nichtkranker dargestellt, bei dem aus 10 Zufallszahlen 20 Alternativ-Symptome unter Nachahmung pathophysiologischer Verflechtungen abgeleitet wurden. An diesem Modell wird die Brauchbarkeit des Simulationsverfahrens zur Analyse von Problemen der algorithmischen Diagnostik demonstriert. Die Ergebnisse gelten nur für das Modell; die Prüfung ihrer Verallgemeinerungsfähigkeit erfordert weitere Untersuchungen.Die diagnostischen Verfahren ohne Berücksichtigung der Symptomkorrelationen (Linearkombinationen mit verschiedenen Symptom-Gewichtungen) ergaben bei 600 Fällen und Anwendung des diagnostischen Algorithmus auf dieselben Fälle Erfolgsquoten um 92%. Die einzelnen Gewichtungsverfahren unterschieden sich relativ wenig voneinander. Die Berücksichtigung der Korrelationen zwischen den Symptomen erfolgte mittels der linearen und quadratischen Diskriminanzanalyse, die mit 93% die besten Ergebnisse überhaupt ergab.Die Verfahren waren unerwartet robust gegenüber Verletzungen der mathematischen Voraussetzungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Unabhängigkeit der Symptome bei den linearen Gewichtungsverfahren und der Normalverteilung bei der Diskriminanzanalyse. Die Probleme der diagnostischen Entscheidung im Unsicherheitsbereich wurden modellmäßig erörtert; sie sind methodisch noch nicht befriedigend geklärt.Das Simulationsmodell erlaubt die Untersuchung der Unterschiede der Erfolgsquote bei Rediagnostik der zur Parameterschätzung benutzten Fälle und bei Neudiagnostik anderer Fälle in Abhängigkeit von der Fallzahl.	•Verschiedene Modifikationen der Gewichte, u. a. auch die Zusammenfassung mehrerer Variabler und die Verwendung geeigneter, als Klassen quantitativer Merkmale definierter Symptome als quantitative Größen ergaben keine Verbesserung der Trefferquoten.In mehreren Ansätzen wurde der diagnostische Lernprozeß simuliert, indem mit einer unzulänglichen Krankheitsdefinition bei wenigen Merkmalen eine Einteilung in »Krank« — »Nichtkrank« begonnen wurde. Dann wurden die bei dieser Gliederung für die beiden Gruppen gefundenen Symptomhäufigkeiten einem algorithmischen Verfahren für eine neue diagnostische Stufe zugrunde gelegt; dieses Verfahren wurde mehrfach wiederholt. Die Abweichungen von den richtigen Parametern wurden nicht in den Prozeß eingeführt. Es zeigte sich, daß in diesem selbstgesteuerten Lernprozeß schon nach wenigen Schritten eine von der »richtigen« nur wenig abweichende Krankheitsdefinition und die im Modell maximal mögliche Trefferquote erreicht wird.
The Need for “Complementary Information” in the Medical Computer File
Authors: Lahaye D. , Roosels D. , Viaene J. 
Published: March 2018

The use by the physician of the possibility to add complementary information (C. I.) to each question of a computer file has been analysed using both »APL« and »batch« systems.The analysis of the frequency of use of C.I. by APL leads to the following conclusions: There exist great differences between several physicians in the interpretation of some questions, the ratio of C. I. utilisation frequency reaching in some cases 2:1. This seems clue to the individual »intuitive« approach in each medical examination. The fact that the C. I. is not always filled in at the same place makes this information worthless for statistical analysis.The analysis of the content of the C. I. using the »batch« system makes it possible to identify the questions for which a better instruction of the physician is needed on one hand, and those for which a correction of the question text is necessary on the other hand. The authors think that the complete exclusion of a C. I. possibility is not practicable.
The Determination of Sequential Strategies of Diagnostic Tests: Comparison of Different Methods by Simulation
Authors: Alpérovitch A. , Le Minor M. , Lellouch J. 
Published: March 2018

Various heuristic processes for determining diagnostic test strategies were compared with the optimal sequential strategy on simulated patients. These heuristics consisted in limiting the depth and breadth of the search in the decision tree with regard to medically reasonable constraints. It appeared that some of these heuristics required a very small amount of computer time and provided solutions, the costs of which were very close to the cost of the optimal strategy.General conclusions were drawn from an analysis of the performance of these various heuristics for varying cost functions.
Analyse der Ablauforganisation in einem medizinischen Untersuchungszentrum mit Hilfe der Netzwerktechnik
Authors: Fleck H. 
Published: March 2018

Die Anwendung der Netzwerktechnik zur Analyse von Untersuchungsabläufen in einem medizinischen Untersuchungszentrum wird beschrieben. Das behandelte Problem stellte sich im Rahmen einer EDVEinsatzplanung für dieses Untersuchungszentrum.Im vorliegenden Anwendungsbeispiel ▪wird, im Gegensatz zur herkömmlichen Praxis, die Netzwerktechnik dazu verwendet, ein bereits bestehendes System im zeitlichen und organisatorischen Ablauf nachzubilden. Durch Variation der Eingabedaten in einem Netzwerk-Rechnerprogramm werden Istund EDV-Sollzustand der medizinischen und verwaltungstechnischen Ablauforganisation erfaßt.Eine Gegenüberstellung der kritischen Wege im Netzwerk sowie der einzelnen Zeittabellen liefert Aussagen über den zeitlichen Einfluß von zukünftigen ED V-Maßnahmen im vorgegebenen medizinischen System.
How to Organize the Medical Data of Chronically Ill Patients in the Computer
Authors: Martín J. M. , Jabot F. , Marrel P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe problems of aiding in the medical decision-making process are very important today, especially through the use of artificial intelligence methods. Before studying these problems, it is necessary to have an excellent availability of relevant medical patient health data as well as medical knowledge.The computer is well adapted for the task of satisfying this essential condition; but in order to accomplish this goal, it is necessary to develop an efficient system of data organization.The current system of sequential organization of medical histories is most likely not the best possible method of data filing. Furthermore, at the present time there are only a small number of relations (in the mathematical sense) between these health data. This situation is not favorable to the development of a relational data base.This article proposes an organization of health data which is relative to the patient. The organization is based on the notion of a medical entity and on the three-dimensionality of health data.
Integration of Homeopathy and Complementary Medicine in the Tuscan Public Health System and the Experience of the Homeopathic Clinic of the Lucca Hospital
Authors: Di Stefano M. , Picchi M. , Panozzo M. , Noberasco C. , Nurra L. , Baccetti S. , Rossi E. 
Published: March 2018

Introduction The healthcare programs of the Region of Tuscany (Italy) have started the process of integration of some types of complementary medicine (CM), including homeopathy, which began in 1996. The Homeopathic Clinic of Lucca was opened in 1998, followed by the Homeopathic Clinic for Women in 2003, and the Clinic for CM and Diet in Oncology in 2013.
Methods Observational longitudinal studies conducted on 5,877 patients (3,937 in the general clinic, 1,606 in the women's clinic and 334 in oncology) were consecutively examined from 2003 to 2016. The Outcome in Relation to Impact on Daily Living (ORIDL) was generally used to assess outcomes.
Results Comparing the clinical conditions before and after homeopathic treatment, improvement was observed in 88.8% of general medicine patients with follow-up (45.1%); in particular, 68.1% of the patients had a major improvement in or resolution (ORIDL +2, +3, +4) of their condition. In women, an improvement was obtained in 74.1% cases and a major improvement in 61.2%. In cancer patients with homeopathic and integrative treatment, a significant improvement was observed for all the symptoms during anti-cancer therapy, particularly for hot flashes, nausea, depression, asthenia, and anxiety.
Conclusions These results suggest that homeopathy can effectively be integrated with allopathic medicine and that the Tuscan experience could provide a useful reference for developing national and European regulations on the use of CM and homeopathy in public healthcare.
Biomedical and Health Informatics Research and Education at the University of Washington
Authors: Fuller S. , Kalet I. , Tarczy-Hornoch P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough an extensive medical informatics research program as well as courses and training experiences in biomedical informatics have existed at the University of Washington (UW) for many years, a formal home did not exist until 1997 when the Division of Biomedical Informatics was created in the Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine. Since that time the expansion of the research, service and teaching programs has been rapid with a key milestone being a university commitment to provide funding, space and faculty to support the development of a new graduate program in Biomedical and Health Informatics.Hallmarks of the biomedical and health informatics program at the University of Washington include:- Strong shared belief that informatics research can contribute to the improvement of healthcare and health;- Large, multidisciplinary faculty including faculty from computer science, library and information science as well as the health sciences schools (dentistry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and public health and community medicine);- Comprehensive research and development partnership with the University of Washington Medical Centers information systems group and the UW Primary Care Network to move research from the laboratory to operational clinical systems;- Extensive and diverse regional setting in which to study information needs and develop informatics solutions in primary care settings;- Lack of barriers to interdisciplinary research and teaching.
Research at the Department of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation of the University of Graz
Authors: Simonic K.-M. , Gell G. , Errath M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Department of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation of the University of Graz has a double responsibility: research in medical informatics, and implementation and operation of information systems in the hospital. Research is therefore application oriented with emphasis on departmental information systems, image management, and information integration. Other topics include analysis of the preconditions for the acceptance and successful use of information systems in medicine, and the ethics and professional responsibility of medical informatics.
Section 7: Bioinformatics: Bioinformatics Linkage of Heterogeneous Clinical and Genomic Information in Support of Personalized Medicine
Authors: Maojo V. , Mitchell J. A. , Frey L. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBiomedical Informatics as a whole faces a difficult epistemological task, since there is no foundation to explain the complexities of modeling clinical medicine and the many relationships between genotype, phenotype, and environment. This paper discusses current efforts to investigate such relationships, intended to lead to better diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and the development of treatments that could make personalized medicine a reality.To achieve this goal there are a number of issues to overcome. Primary are the rapidly growing numbers of heterogeneous data sources which must be integrated to support personalized medicine. Solutions involving the use of domain driven information models of heterogeneous data sources are described in conjunction with controlled ontologies and terminologies. A number of such applications are discussed.Researchers have realized that many dimensions of biology and medicine aim to understand and model the informational mechanisms that support more precise clinical diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic procedures. As long as data grows exponentially, novel Biomedical Informatics approaches and tools are needed to manage the data. Although researchers are typically able to manage this information within specific, usually narrow contexts of clinical investigation, novel approaches for both training and clinical usage must be developed.After some preliminary overoptimistic expectations, it seems clear now that genetics alone cannot transform medicine. In order to achieve this, heterogeneous clinical and genomic data source must be integrated in scientifically meaningful and productive systems. This will include hypothesis-driven scientific research systems along with well understood information systems to support such research. These in turn will enable the faster advancement of personalized medicine.
Human Factors for Capacity Building. Lessons learned from the OpenMRS Implementers Network
Authors: Mamlin B. W. , Biondich P. G. , Fraser H. S. F. , Wolfe B. A. , Jazayeri D. , Miranda J. , Blaya J. , Sinha C. , Bailey C. T. , Kanter A. S. , Seebregts C. J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Theoverallobjectiveofthisprojectwastoinvestigateways to strengthen the OpenMRS community by (i) developing capacity and implementing a network focusing specifically on the needs of OpenMRS implementers,(ii) strengthening community-driven aspects of OpenMRS and providing a dedicated forum for implementation-specific issues, and; (iii) providing regional support for OpenMRS implementations as well as mentorship and training.

Methods:
Themethodsusedincluded(i)face-to-facenetworkingusing meetings and workshops; (ii) online collaboration tools, peer support and mentorship programmes; (iii) capacity and community development programmes, and; (iv) community outreach programmes.

Results:
Thecommunity-driven approach,combined withafewsimple interventions,has been a key factor in the growth and success of the OpenMRS ImplementersNetwork.Ithascontributed toimplementations in at least twenty-three different countries using basic online tools; and provided mentorship and peer support through an annual meeting, workshops and an internshipprogram. The OpenMRS Implementers Network has formed collaborations with several other open source networks and is evolving regional OpenMRS Centres of Excellence to provide localized support for OpenMRS development and implementation. These initiativesare increasingthe range of functionalityand sustainability of open source software in the health domain, resulting in improvedadoption and enterprise-readiness.

Conclusions:
Socialorganizationandcapacitydevelopmentactivities are important in growing a successful community-driven open source softwaremodel.
Capacity Building in e-Health and Health Informatics: A Review of the Global Vision and Informatics Educational Initiatives of the American Medical Informatics Association
Authors: Detmer D. E. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySubstantial global and national commitment will be required for current healthcare systems and health professional practices to become learning care systems utilizing information and communications technology (ICT) empowered by informatics. To engage this multifaceted challenge, a vision is required that shifts the emphasis from silos of activities toward integrated systems. Successful systems will include a set of essential elements, e.g., a sufficient ICT infrastructure, evolving health care processes based on evidence and harmonized to local cultures, a fresh view toward educational preparation, sound and sustained policy support, and ongoing applied research and development.Increasingly, leaders are aware that ICT empowered by informatics must be an integral part of their national and regional visions. This paper sketches out the elements of what is needed in terms of objectives and some steps toward achieving them. It summarizes some of the progress that has been made to date by the American and International Medical Informatics Associations working separately as well as collaborating to conceptualize informatics capacity building in order to bring this vision to reality in low resource nations in particular.
Evidence-based Biomedical Informatics
Authors: Lovis C. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: An overview of current trends and achievements in building more evidence of using information sciences technologies in biomedical informatics.
Methods: Extensive search using PubMed for published papers in this field in 2012. A selection process organized in three steps: a) identification and first selection of papers; b) international peer-review by at least 4 reviewers for each paper; c) final selection of five papers by the editorial board of the Yearbook based on the international reviewing results and a balanced coverage of the topics.
Results: Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2012 and an invited opinion paper written by leading scientists in this field.
Conclusion: Evidence based health informatics is an important and ubiquitous trend in biomedical informatics. However, this research field has to be enhanced even further and, more importantly, achievements have to be put in practice.
Botulinumtoxin bei Zerebralparese
Authors: Mall V. , Fietzek U. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung spastischer und dystoner Bewegungsstörungen mit BoNT/A bei Kindern mit Zerebralparese ist ein weltweit etabliertes interventionelles Therapieverfahren. Bei einer Vielzahl von Indikationen lassen sich Therapieerfolge auf Organebene (Tonussenkung) und zunehmend häufiger auch auf funktioneller Ebene (z. B. Verbesserung des Gangbildes und Handscores) erreichen. Idealerweise sollte die Versorgung in einem multidisziplinären Team erfolgen. Zur Therapieevaluation eignen sich individuelle Zielvereinbarungen und die Dokumentation mit Video. Während die Tonusreduktion bei Patienten mit spastischen Bewegungsstörungen mit hohem Evidenzgrad belegt ist, sind die funktionellen Langzeitauswirkungen weitgehend unklar und unzureichend verstanden.
Facile bottom-up synthesis of partially oxidized black phosphorus nanosheets as metal-free photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Tian Bin , Tian Bining , Smith Bethany , Scott M. C. , Lei Qin , Hua Ruinian , Tian Yue , Liu Yi 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Black phosphorus (BP) nanosheet is a “hot” class of 2D material having wide applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, etc. However, facile synthesis of BP nanosheets is not achieved by far. Currently, BP nanosheets are mainly prepared via solution-based exfoliation of bulk crystals, a process that is complicated, time-consuming, and costly. Moreover, the as-prepared BP nanosheets are not stable. Here, we developed a facile bottom-up protocol for preparing BP nanosheets in solution at low temperature. Our synthetic procedure is conceptually simple and can be performed in common chemical laboratories. The estimated synthesis cost is less than 1 US dollar per gram. Our work, therefore, offers the community an unlimited access to such 2D material.
Inventory control of raw material using silver meal heuristic method in PR. Trubus Alami Malang
Authors: Ikasari D M , Lestari E R , Prastya E 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the total inventory cost calculated using the method applied by PR. Trubus Alami and Silver Meal Heuristic (SMH) method. The study was started by forecasting the cigarette demand from July 2016 to June 2017 (48 weeks) using additive decomposition forecasting method. The additive decomposition was used because it has the lowest value of Mean Abosolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Squared Deviation (MSD) compared to other methods such as multiplicative decomposition, moving average, single exponential smoothing, and double exponential smoothing. The forcasting results was then converted as a raw material needs and further calculated using SMH method to obtain inventory cost. As expected, the result shows that the order frequency of using SMH methods was smaller than that of using the method applied by Trubus Alami. This affected the total inventory cost. The result suggests that using SMH method gave a 29.41% lower inventory cost, giving the cost different of IDR 21,290,622. The findings, is therefore, indicated that the PR. Trubus Alami should apply the SMH method if the company wants to reduce the total inventory cost.
Characteristic of physical, chemical, and microbiological kombucha from various varieties of apples
Authors: Zubaidah E , Yurista S , Rahmadani N R 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage with the addition of kombucha starter also called SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast). The purpose of this research was to know the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of kombucha from various varieties of apple kombucha. The study used Randomized Block Design (RAK) with one factor of apple varieties (Anna, Fuji, Granny Smith, Manalagi, Red Delicious, Rome Beauty, Royal Gala). Each treatment was repeated three times. Data was analyzed with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The best treatment was selected using Multiple Attribute method. Data of hedonic test was analysed using Friedman Test. The best treatment was obtained on Fuji varieties of kombucha apple with the characteristics as follows: total acid 1.33%; pH 2.95; Total phenol 268.57 μg/ml GAE; Total sugar 6.74%; Antibacterial activity against S.aureus 21.30 mm; Antibacterial activity E.coli 21.20 mm; Antioxidant activity 35.62%; Organoleptic aroma 3.55, taste 3.3; Color 3.4 (on a scale of 1-5)