bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Did plate tectonics control the generic diversity of Jurassic brachiopods? One point of view
Authors: Ruban Dmitry A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Possible plate tectonic controls on faunal diversity dynamics have been discussed in the geological literature for around 50 years. The new model of plate tectonic processes is here linked to Jurassic generic diversity (simple α-diversity) of brachiopods. This comparison offers three observations, four hypotheses and three unresolved issues. Most importantly, changes in the global plate root mean square speed coincided with brachiopod diversity dynamics, which can be explained hypothetically by either environmental disturbance triggered by more active plate motion or activity of any process (such as eustasy) tied to plate tectonic mechanisms and with an impact on marine benthic communities. It is also established that global generic diversity dynamics of brachiopods during the Jurassic coincided with the regional picture as established for the Northern Caucasus and the Swiss Jura Alps; this coincidence is difficult to explain with regard to plate tectonics. These and other speculative considerations do not clarify the role of the plate tectonic factor in Jurassic generic diversity dynamics of brachiopods, and, thus, they indicate important issues for further research.
A Mathematical and Conceptual Model Regarding Social Inclusion and Social Leverage
Authors: Reyes Giovanni E. , Govers Mark , Ruwaard Dirk 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article discusses a comprehensive conceptual mathematical model to specify main theoretical concepts and their relationships, regarding social inclusion and social leverage. The particular elements of the model are related to: (i) key aspects of theoretical principles; (ii) major links among principal aspects; and (iii) interrelations regarding social and economic issues within any particular society. One of the principal aims of this research is going beyond the strictly economic elements, to complement a more holistic perspective with social aspects and public policy. This study is part of a broader research project that studies social investment in Latin America, particularly focused in the health sector. More specifically, this study will identify relationships between variables and indicators of social inclusion and social leverage, as basis for carrying out empirical studies on investments that Latin American countries make in health services. The model presented here allows the identification of elements of differentiated public policy, the role of public services aimed to assist especially the most vulnerable social sectors and the support of such services in relation to a country's competitiveness, social well-being and sustainable basis of human development.
Generation Y: Investigation of Their Role in the Contemporary Life Conditions and Job Market
Authors: Argiro Adamou , Danai-Eleni Katsarou , Stefanos Koffas , George Aspridis , Dimitrios Tsiotas , Labros Sdrolias 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Human evolution in connection with contemporary globalization has created a new Generation: Generation Y. It consists of young people with specific qualitative characteristics and abilities, as well as a broad-minded and extrovert approach to their lives. Nevertheless, they were unlucky enough to be born and grow up in a period of intense economic crises and social upheaval. As a result they face, especially now, the spectrum of the total breakdown of job prospects and established labour rights; consequently they resort to the less frustrating reflection, that of obligatory migration. In order to better understand this Generation it was deemed necessary to develop and send a questionnaire to young people in Greece and abroad. The use and analysis of the research provides the opportunity to form a complete picture of the extent and manner in which the economic and social uncertainty influenced the development of their character, the differences in their mentality, as well as their true opinion of their own generation. The results are assessed to be very useful for understanding them and their role in the prevalent life conditions and especially the job market.
The Eco-space and Female Agency in Bole Butake’s Lake God
Authors: Nkongmenec Vivian Ntemgwa 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The ever-increasing environmental crises and the subsequent decay of the earth is a veritable call for concern which has stimulated man’s consciousness vis-à-vis his own very existence and his natural surroundings. There is therefore, the need for continuous resistance against the socio-cultural, political and economic manoeuvres that place man and his environment at extreme ends. This paper, therefore, focuses on the study of Bole Butake’s play: Lake God. It adopts both the eco-critical and eco-feminist approaches and hypothesizes that Butake’s depiction of a panoply of issues that centre around the female body and the land foreshadow a quest to overcome ecological and female oppression in order to render the land a more fertile ground for sustainable development and female empowerment. The paper contends that Butake’s play resonates a feminist self-consciousness which is suggestive of the need to seek alternative means of combating land exploitation in order to sustain a symbiotic relationship between man and his eco-space. In reading Butake’s work from an eco-feminist perspective, this paper intends to show that the characters he creates and the milieu in which they are positioned place the woman in a precarious state. Drawing therefore, from the global tenets of eco-feminism which posit that the woman and nature are related based on their history of domination and exploitation, this paper intends to revisit the eco-space and female agency in Butake’s work to postulate that the woman has the power to preserve the land and to create a healthy and conducive atmosphere. The paper, thus, exemplifies the author’s admiration for one’s native land which must be treasured and protected.
Practical and Theoretical Limitations of Inclusion of Gender Mainstreaming Strategy in Development Activities of Agencies
Authors: Monday Aliu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper examines some practical and theoretical constraints accompanying the inclusion of gender mainstreaming as a gendered strategy of equality in development by agencies. The paper employs the documentary method of research with reliance on the secondary sources of data collection. The thrust of the paper is that as a transformative strategy, gender mainstreaming transcends focus on women concerns only and embraces women and men equality matters. The incorporation of the concerns and experiences of both women and men into policy-making, planning and decision-making of organisations and governments as envisaged with the gender mainstreaming strategy holds the potential for huge success for development and society. Yet, the paper argues that the implementation of gender mainstreaming by agencies largely seems to lack proper coordination due to conceptual, institutional, operational, and political problems, making it difficult for the strategy to achieve the expected outcome. The paper recommends that reaching a consensus on the concept of mainstreaming and its approaches among stakeholders and a radical reorganisation of the institutional and political structures of organisations are central to achieving the gender equality goal of mainstreaming.
The Ontology of Social Reality from Critical Realism’s Perspective; Focusing on the Ideas of Margaret Archer and Andrew Sayer
Authors: Banifatemeh Hossein , Shields Rob , Golabi Fatemeh , Ghoreishi Fardin , Bayani Farhad 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This essay seeks to present the ontological perspectives of Margaret Archer and Andrew Sayer on social reality. Archer and Sayer represent two key sociologists who have taken advantage of philosophical school of critical realism for explaning the social world. Methodology is based on descriptive-analytical method. Archer introduces two notions of morphogenesis (dynamic aspect of society) and morphostasis (stability and continuation of society) and offers a new type of theoretical conflation relying on morphogenesis. Accordingly, she propounds some differences between culture, structure and action and this distinguishes her efforts from the ideas of other conflationary theoreticians, especially Anthony Giddens. Besides paying attention to the existing complexities in the nature of social reality, Sayer struggles to introduce a specific model with which one can come up with a new formulation of the process of knowledge of social reality. Sayer believes that his model provides a clearer ontology of social realities. Sayer’s thought is based on the dialectical relation between the researcher (subject), research topic (object) and other researchers who work in a common linguistic community and this dialectic is among the mechanisms that give rise to the complexities of the social world.
The Sustainable Leadership for Vocational Schools in Thailand: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Silalaiy Khukrit , Ratanaolarn Thanin , Thaveesuk Malai 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the leaders’ characteristics, situation management, behaviors and roles affecting sustainable leadership development and examine the compatibility of the structural equation model regarding sustainable leadership for vocational education administrators, as developed from the empirical evidence and determined influence of each factor. The quantitative research utilized questionnaires, given to a sample of 404 vocational education principals and vice-principals, derived using a multistage sampling method from 413 vocational public schools in Thailand. To test the confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model were conducted. This research findings suggest that the structural equation models for sustainable leadership development of vocational education administrators were in accordance with the empirical data. The leaders' characteristics factors had the weight of the maximum gross effects towards the sustainable leadership development. This study suggest that the sustainable leadership development for vocational education administrators can be carried out by developing leaders’ characteristics.
The Perspective of Demographic Variables on Dynamic Capabilities in the Context Indonesian Traditional Market Trader
Authors: Najib Moh Farid 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study motivated by the need to understand the determinants of dynamic capabilities in the traditional market traders in the context of the Indonesian traditional market. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of demographic variables such as gender, level of education and experience with the dynamic capabilities of traditional market traders. A survey has a to 400 traders of traditional markets in 16 traditional markets around Bandung, Indonesia. One-way ANOVA is used to test different groups, and previously the reliability and homogeneity of variance. The result of this research that there is no difference of demography (gender, level of education and experience) on the dynamic capabilities of traditional market traders in Bandung. The same is true for each dimension, they are; sensitivity capability, absorption capability, integration capability and innovation capability. Nevertheless, there are several dimensions with different capabilities seen from a gender for absorptive the and innovation capabilities, and experience for sensitivity capabilities.
Gender Diversity: An Analysis of Belize Banks
Authors: Duncan Philippa S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study aims to increase insights into the underrepresentation of women at the top echelon of banks and reveal new challenges for women to attain bank leadership positions. Content analysis was applied to information collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with primarily male senior leaders from banks in Belize, and the interview data was triangulated with data from relevant documents and Belize banks’ succession plans to demonstrate consistency. Participants unanimously indicated that banking skills are not gender specific, women bankers possess talent and knowledge to satisfy senior appointments, and differences in employee performance occur at the individual-level and not genderlevel. Other findings show new challenges for aspiring female bank leaders, namely, competing in a pool expanded to include foreign men and demonstrating business development with male customers can occur professionally outside normal banking hours. The setting reflects Belize’s banking sector. Awareness of non-traditional challenges can assist women with self-preparation and influence greater transparency in banks’ succession plans and selection of leaders. This was the first such study on Belize banks; it raised awareness and could influence more deliberate decision-making on achieving gender equity in the sector’s leadership. The study confirmed traditional elements of the glass ceiling and underscored challenges of overcoming Belize banks’ mores.
System Thinking, Evaluations and Learning – Experience from Road Construction Megaproject in Algeria
Authors: Zidane Youcef J-T. , Elvenes Bjørn Otto , Samset Knut F. , Hussein Bassam A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Ex-post evaluation is starting to be recognized in the Algerian different government institutions (e.g., ministries); and evaluation is becoming part of any program or project for two main reasons, justify the legitimacy of the programs and projects, and collect lessons learned for the next similar programs and projects. On the other hand, academicians believe that programs and projects can be improved by conducting proper evaluations and extracting lessons learned. Program/Project evaluation is comprehensive evaluation, which mainly applies to ex-post evaluation. This paper will look closer at an ex-post evaluation of an Algerian highway megaproject based on PESTOL model, this evaluation is already conducted in the period of 2014 – 2016. Considering ex-post evaluation of projects has many purposes and among them is linked to learning and knowledge sharing and transfer. In this regard, the paper describes very briefly the approach used to the post project evaluation. In addition, link it to learning and to other types of evaluations – i.e., ex-ante, monitoring, midterm, terminal evaluations, and using system-thinking approach, and proposes a framework for learning in projects by evaluations. This paper is based on qualitative case study approach.
Relationship between Self-Esteem and Indulgence in Behavior Problems among Secondary School Students in Kenya
Authors: Aomo John Agwaya , Aloka Peter J.O. , Raburu Pamela A. , Ogolla Peter O. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The study investigated the relationship between students’ self-esteem and indulgence in behavior problems in Kenya. The Theory of Planned Behaviour by Ajzen, and Person Centered Theory by Carl Rogers were employed to guide the study. A concurrent triangulation design was adopted. The Self- Esteem Scale and indulgence in behavioral problems questionnaire were used to collect data for the study. Interview schedule were used to collect data from the students. A sample size of 378 was students drawn from girls, mixed and boys’ schools where boys to be used in the study will be 60% which is (270), and girls 40 % (155). Quantitative data was analyzed by using inferential statistics such as Pearson product moment correlation coefficient while qualitative data was analyzed by using the thematic framework. The findings indicated a plausible negative (r = -.564) correlation between students’ self-esteem and his/her indulgence in behaviour problems. Thus students with high level of self-esteem were associated with low level of indulgence in behaviour problems. The study recommended that, the parents also should identify the best parenting practices that promote students’ self-esteem so that at school level they will be fully adjusted to following learning instructions other than involving in behaviour problems.
An Islamic Model of Conflict Management and Conflict Resolution: Lahad Datu in Sabah as a Case Study
Authors: Malik Ahmed Abdul , Mahyuddin Muhammad Khairi Bin , Abdisamad Najib Sheikh , Ibrahim Mikail 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Conflict is an inevitable part of human life. In any situation involving more than one person, conflict can arise. The causes of conflict range from philosophical differences and divergent goals, to power imbalances. When conflict arises, it is easy for people to be stubborn and remain entrenched in their positions and for tempers to flare, voices to rise and body language to become defensive or aggressive. Conflict is an unexpected inconvenience. This can be proved by the Lahad Datu Sabah conflict which occurred in 2013, where armed men landed in Lahad Datu to enforce an ancestral land claim. During the conflict, 12 security police were killed and some of them were mutilated. A week-long impasse in a coastal village ended in bloodshed, as a Malaysian ground assault gave way to air strikes. The aims of this research is to analyze the issues of Lahad Datu, to examine the strategies that can be used to promote peace and stability and to introduce an Islamic model of conflict resolution. A self-constructed survey instrument was distributed to 236 residents of Lahad Datu, who voluntarily participated in the study. The results indicated that a level of awareness and a resolution of conflict effects peoples’ reaction towards a government’s response to invaders, their perceptions about the causes of the conflict and their stance during a conflict. Furthermore, the study found that gender, religion, education, occupation and marital status had no effect on the dependent variables. Finally, the findings of the research disclosed that an Islamic model of conflict resolution can be used to resolve the conflict of Lahad Datu or similar social conflicts.
Millenial Consumer Syndrome in a Developing Nation: Exploring the Attitude of Nigerians to Locally Made Goods
Authors: Vincent-Osaghae Gloria , Ugiagbe Ernest Osas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Today the Nigerian consumer seems to be undergoing a shift in terms of personality, buying motives, interest, attitudes, beliefs, and values when he or she opts for imported rather than locally made goods. This study empirically explores the attitude of Nigerians towards locally made goods in Benin Metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design and both quantitative and qualitative sources of data collection were employed. A total of 420 questionnaires were administered to the research participants using the stratified random sampling method but 400 questionnaires were eventually used for analysis because 20 questionnaires were rejected for mutilations. The data collected were analyzed with aid of inferential statistics and variables were cross-tabulated. The findings revealed that the effects of band wagon, peer influence and the belief that foreign goods are superior in quality to locally manufactured goods because of their high level of durability make Nigerians to crave for foreign goods. This has far reaching socio-economic impact on the quest to bring about sustainable development in Nigeria. Recommendations on how to remedy the situation were made in order to positively influence Nigerians ‘attitude to locally made goods.
Value Addition Policy in Nigeria’s Export Processing Zones: Lessons from the Asian Economies
Authors: Harry Deinibiteim Monimah 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The study examined the value addition in the Nigeria’s export processing zones, comparing it with the experiences from Asian economies. Upon the recommendation of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Nigeria adopted the EPZ scheme via Decree No 63 of 1992 to accelerate industrialization through increasing manufacturing for exports, among others. The Calabar Free Trade Zone was established as the pioneer zone in the country. The objective of this research work is to determine the extent of Value Addition at the zones in Nigeria. As at 2008, 25 zones have registered with NEPZA, the regulatory authority in the country. Out of the 25 registered zones, 11are operational, 9 under construction and 5 merely declared. Four (4) zones, namely, Calabar, Oil and Gas and Snake Island Integrated Free Trade Zones and Alscon Export Processing zone, were systematically selected from the 11 operational zones for the study. Two hundred and ninety copies of questionnaire were administered on 290 respondents drawn from 54 firms and 4 zonal management boards. Out of the 290 copies of questionnaire 242 copies were properly filled and returned. The 242 copies of questionnaire returned served as the primary source of data, while textbooks, journals, fasimiles, etc served as the secondary sources of data. The paper argued that for EPZs to help in the industrialization of a nation value addition and production segmentation must be made central to the manufacturing/ production processes; because the higher the level of value addition the greater the impact/contribution of EPZs to socio-economic development. The study revealed that the level of value addition in the Nigerian zones is very low, only labour element of value addition is visible, technology and material elements were absent. Hence, the paper recommends that value addition should be made compulsory in the production processes at the zones and emphasis should be on the technology and material elements. This, it is believed would enhance backward linkages with the domestic economy.
Communication as a Marketing Strategy: Cross-cultural Analysis of Young People from Mexico and Colombia Based on Demographic Segmentation
Authors: Gómez María Cristina Otero , Pérez Wilson Giraldo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to rank and analyze the acceptance of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) from the perspective of young people. This comparative study was done with university students from the cities of Villavicencio, Colombia and Coatzacoalcos, Mexico. A quantitative research was conducted through the use of 1591 surveys done by subjects between 17 and 25 years of age. The results showed that there are no significant differences regarding the ranking of these IMC tools. All the participants coincided in deeming direct marketing as the most important tool and sales promotion as the least important one. However, the demographic analysis by nationalities showed that there are differences in those assessments. The conclusion is that young consumers prioritize personal selling because the seller seeks to understand and satisfy their needs in the consumption of goods and services.
A Semi Autonomous Model to Strengthen the Lowest Bureaucracy: A Case Study in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Simin Simin , Harsanto Bambang Tri , Rosyadi Slamet , Wahyuningrat Wahyuningrat 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Local government law changes in Indonesia have brought a significant change in terms of authority management in particular kelurahan government as the lowest bureaucracy. Previously, some Kelurahans have the authority to manage and develop funds to improve the community welfare. However, they just recently conduct the administrative functions to implement some duties from the upper government level. This change negatively influences the performance level of Kelurahans. Using some kelurahans in Wonosobo Regency Central Java with a qualitative method, this research tries to explore what consequences may occur as the result of local governance law changes. The results suggest that there should be various efforts to strengthen the institutional capacity of Kelurahans instead of letting them have poor performance. This research provides the theoretical and practical knowledge on the semi autonomous model of lowest bureaucracy for strengthening institutional capacity. Implication of findings from this research is the lowest governmental institution needs to be empowered with more authorities and development budgets in order to improve their actions for the community welfare.