bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac resynchronization therapy by pacing the right ventricular dorsal site of inflow and anterior outflow for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: a case report
Authors: Baba Shigehito , Miyazaki Aya , Watanabe Toru , Shiraishi Shuichi , Saitoh Akihiko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence regarding cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is insufficient. The timing to perform CRT and optimal pacing sites have not been systematically studied. We performed CRT for ccTGA with a complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) by pacing the dorsal site of right ventricular inflow (dRVI) and anterior RV outflow tract (aRVOT).

Case summary
We examined a man aged 19 with ccTGA (S.L.L) and Ebstein anomaly, who developed CAVB at 19. We decided to implant CRT rather than a conventional pacemaker for preventing right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. At first, we implanted transvenous pacing leads on the right atrium and dRVI via the coronary sinus. During dRVI pacing, the most delayed contraction site was the aRVOT by the echocardiographic speckle tracking and the electrophysiological study. Accordingly, we implanted additional epicardial lead in the aRVOT and completed the implantation of CRT. After the CRT, the QRS duration was shortened from 187 to 132 ms and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) by right ventriculography increased from 35% to 42%.
The distance between two ventricular leads (dRVI and aRVOT) was 93% with 85% of longitudinal and radial direction in the RV. The effective CRT in this case was characterized by covering RV in the longitudinal and radial direction.

Conclusion
Separate two-point pacing on the dRVI and aRVOT, which assists the contraction in the longitudinal and radial dimension, is considered a potential position for CRT pacing and an effective method in ccTGA.
Cost-effectiveness of implementing a genotype-guided de-escalation strategy in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: van den Broek Wout Willem Antoon , Azzahhafi Jaouad , Chan Pin Yin Dean R P P , van der Sangen Niels M R , Sivanesan Shabiga , Dijksman Lea M , Walhout Ronald J , Tjon Joe Gin Melvyn , Breet Nicoline J , Langerveld Jorina , Vlachojannis Georgios J , van Bommel Rutger J , Appelman Yolande , van Schaik Ron H N , Henriques José P S , Kikkert Wouter J , ten Berg Jurriën M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
A genotype-guided P2Y12-inhibitor de-escalation strategy, switching acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients without a CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele from ticagrelor or prasugrel to clopidogrel, has shown to reduce bleeding risk without affecting the effectivity of therapy by increasing ischaemic risk. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of this personalized approach compared to standard dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT; aspirin plus ticagrelor/prasugrel) in the Netherlands.

Methods and results
We developed a 1-year decision tree based on results of the FORCE-ACS registry, comparing a cohort of ACS patients who underwent genotyping with a cohort of ACS patients treated with standard DAPT. This was followed by a lifelong Markov model to compare lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for a fictional cohort of 1000 patients. The cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from the perspective of the Dutch healthcare system. A genotype-guided de-escalation strategy led to an increase of 57.73 QALYs and saved €808788 compared to standard DAPT based on a lifetime horizon. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the genotype-guided strategy was cost-saving in 96% and increased QALYs in 87% of simulations. The intervention remained cost-effective in the scenario where prices for all P2Y12 inhibitors were equalized. The genotype-guided strategy remained dominant in various other scenarios and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion
A genotype-guided de-escalation strategy in patients with ACS was both cost-saving and yielded higher QALYs compared to standard DAPT, highlighting its potential for implementation in clinical practice.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03823547.
Introducing the CEDAW ROCS dataset: A Dataset on the United Nations Treaty the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women––Reservations and Objections of Committed States
Authors: Kreutzer Willow 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women Reservations and Objections of Committed States (CEDAW ROCS) dataset provides a rich source of information about the United Nations CEDAW treaty from 1979 to 2022. For the first time, all the signatories, ratifiers, reservations, and objections to CEDAW, quantitatively are visible in one place. The dataset provides details about which states objected to which types of CEDAW reservations, when states withdrew CEDAW reservations, and the most prevalent reservations on CEDAW to date. The data are available in country year format. This research note discusses the motivation for the creation of this dataset and discusses coding decisions for key variables. Descriptive statistics and illustrations of the data are provided. The dataset's capabilities for current human rights and international law scholars are also discussed.
Factors Associated With Biologic Therapy After Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Fischman Maya , Godny Lihi , Friedenberg Adi , Barkan Revital , White Ian , Wasserberg Nir , Rabinowitz Keren , Avni-Biron Irit , Banai Hagar , Snir Yifat , Broitman Yelena , Yanai Henit , Dotan Iris , Ollech Jacob E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) undergoing proctocolectomy and ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) may eventually require biologic therapy. Factors associated with biologic therapy after IPAA have not been previously studied.

Methods
All patients with UC after total proctocolectomy and IPAA who were followed at Rabin Medical Center comprehensive pouch clinic and who consented to prospective observational follow-up were included. The primary outcome was the initiation of biologic therapy after IPAA. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate potential associations.

Results
Out of 400 patients receiving their care at the pouch clinic, 148 patients consented to prospective observational follow-up and constituted the study cohort. The median age at diagnosis was 21 years and the age at IPAA was 30 years. Median time-to-biologic therapy initiation post-IPAA was 9.2 years, with 34 patients (23%) initiating biologic therapy: Associated factors for initiating biologic therapy post-IPAA were preoperative treatment with biologic therapy and immunomodulatory therapy (hazard ratio [HR] 6.1 and 3.6, respectively, P &lt; .001); Arab descent (HR 5.3, P &lt; .001); heterozygosity of NOD2 variant rs2066845 (HR 5.1, P = .03); past smoking status (HR 2.3, P = .03); 3-stage IPAA (HR 2.3, P = .02); immediate postoperative complications (HR 2.1, P = .033); and pediatric-onset UC (HR 2.1, P = .03). None of the patients undergoing IPAA due to dysplasia (n = 27) required biologic therapy.

Conclusions
Several demographic, disease-related, surgery-related, and genetic factors associated with post-IPAA biologic therapy were identified. Physicians treating patients with UC undergoing colectomy should incorporate these factors into their decision-making process. These patients may benefit from closer postoperative follow-up, and earlier initiation of biologic therapy should be considered.
Climate-readiness of fishery management procedures with application to the southeast US Atlantic
Authors: Peterson Cassidy D , Klibansky Nikolai , Vincent Matthew T , Walter John F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Global climate change threatens the assumption of stationarity inherent in many fisheries management decisions. This heightens the importance of developing management strategies that are robust to future uncertainty. Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is a framework in which management procedures (MPs) can be developed and tested using closed-loop simulation. We explored the performance of various model-based and empirical MPs with nonstationary future projections for three commercially and recreationally important fish stocks in the southeast US Atlantic. Using openMSE, we tested candidate MP performance across projections designed to emulate plausible future conditions, including regime shifts, nonstationarity, and observation error shifts in the survey index. Candidate MP performance was primarily measured based on its ability to maintain a healthy stock biomass. Results of this MSE demonstrate that several empirical MPs may be better able to adapt to regime shifts and nonstationary dynamics compared to traditional model-based MPs that employ full age-structured stock assessments, though empirical MPs struggle to maintain stock biomass when facing artificial index observation error shifts. Relative performance of model-based versus empirical MPs varied by stock and climate-change scenario. These findings highlight the value that adaptive MPs may hold for climate-ready fisheries management.
Reflections on patchwork ethnography and activist scholarship: The role of methods in witnessing and participating in worldmaking at the margins of the EU
Authors: Bird Gemma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The way we do research can and does affect how we think about, engage with, and explore approaches to worldmaking and marginality. Approaches to research play a role in what we recognize and witness and how we influence and construct the worlds we engage with. Building on the work of scholars such as King and Picozza, I ask what role there is for activist scholarship in thinking about questions of worldmaking in spaces and places of marginality. Specifically, I ask how taking an activist approach to our scholarship can facilitate deeper engagements with alternative forms of worldmaking that take place in spaces and places of displacement support. I argue for a research approach grounded in activist scholarship focused on long-term interventions best understood as “patchwork ethnography,” focused on relationship building, reflexivity, and politically driven research. I draw on vignettes and research diaries to explore the relationship between activism and worldmaking to support two arguments. Firstly, researchers themselves can participate in forms of worldmaking when working with communities to develop and enact projects. Secondly, that participation of this sort enables a recognition of different approaches to building collective worlds that may be missed through relying on less embedded research methods.
World Ordering from the Margins: An Introduction
Authors: Rinck Patricia , Tripathi Siddharth , Unrau Christine , Quack Sigrid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This Special Forum is an invitation to reconsider the analytical toolbox with which world order has been analyzed in the past. In this introductory article, we propose to focus on processes of world ordering from the margins as a contribution to research on world-order conceptions beyond the Liberal International Order. We examine world-ordering practices by a variety of actors, across the Global North and the Global South, including activists, political parties and actors beyond the state, whose activities are not typically perceived as world-ordering endeavors. Shifting the analytical focus to those at the margins of the world polity offers a better understanding of the plurality and contestations of contemporary world order and helps to (un-)cover critiques and possible alternatives to existing world orders that emerge from these groups, practices and discourses. In this introduction, we propose three perspectives to study and research world ordering from the margins: positionality, methodology, and strategy. We argue that examining world order from these perspectives leads to a nuanced picture of a multitude of positions of marginality, emanating from different experiences, perceptions and discourses, all of which matter for the respective world-ordering endeavors. Retrieving such alternative perspectives is paramount in view of multiple crises that current forms of world order seem unable to address.
Cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist GP1a attenuates macrophage activation induced by M. bovis-BCG by inhibiting NF-κB signaling
Authors: Valeriano Jessica Do Prado , Andrade-Silva Magaiver , Pereira-Dutra Filipe , Seito Leonardo Noboru , Bozza Patricia Torres , Rosas Elaine Cruz , Souza Costa Maria Fernanda , Henriques Maria G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major public health problem. Immune evasion mechanisms and antibiotic resistance highlight the need to better understand this disease and explore alternative treatment approaches. Mycobacterial infection modulates the macrophage response and metabolism to persist and proliferate inside the cell. Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) is expressed mainly in leukocytes and modulates the course of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effects of the CB2-selective agonist GP1a on irradiated Mycobacterium bovis-BCG (iBCG)-induced J774A.1 macrophage activation. We observed increased expression of CB2 in macrophages after iBCG stimulation. The pretreatment with CB2-agonists, GP1a, JWH-133, and GW-833972A (10 µM), reduced iBCG-induced TNF-α and IL-6 release by these cells. Moreover, the CB2-antagonist AM630 (200 nM) treatment confirmed the activity of GP1a on CB2 by scale down its effect on cytokine production. GP1a pretreatment (10 µM) also inhibited the iBCG-induced production of inflammatory mediators as prostaglandin (PG)E2 and nitric oxide by macrophages. Additionally, GP1a pretreatment also reduced the transcription of proinflammatory genes (inos, il1b, and cox2) and genes related to lipid metabolism (dgat1, acat1, plin2, atgl, and cd36). Indeed, lipid droplet accumulation was reduced by GP1a treatment, which was partially blockade by AM630 pretreatment. Finally, GP1a pretreatment reduced the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, the activation of CB2 by GP1a modulated the macrophage response to iBCG by reducing inflammatory mediator levels and metabolic reprogramming.
Model-Fitting Weighted Least Squares as an Alternative to Principal Component Analysis for Analyzing Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Spectrum Images
Authors: Wahlqvist David , Ek Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Spectrum imaging with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has become ubiquitous in material characterization using electron microscopy. Multivariate statistical methods, commonly principal component analysis (PCA), are often used to aid analysis of the resulting multidimensional datasets; PCA can provide denoising prior to further analysis or grouping of pixels into distinct phases with similar signals. However, it is well known that PCA can introduce artifacts at low signal-to-noise ratios. Unfortunately, when evaluating the benefits and risks with PCA, it is often compared only against raw data, where it tends to shine; alternative data analysis methods providing a fair point of comparison are often lacking. Here, we directly compare PCA with a strategy based on (the conceptually and computationally simpler) weighted least squares (WLS). We show that for four representative cases, model fitting of the sum spectrum followed by WLS (mfWLS) consistently outperforms PCA in terms of finding and accurately describing compositional gradients and inclusions and as a preprocessing step to clustering. Additionally, we demonstrate that some common artifacts and biases displayed by PCA are avoided with the mfWLS approach. In summary, mfWLS can provide a superior option to PCA for analysis of EDS spectrum images as the signal is simply and accurately modeled.
Single Electron Self-coherence and Its Wave/Particle Duality in the Electron Microscope
Authors: Kisielowski C , Specht P , Jinschek J R , Helveg S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Intensities in high-resolution phase-contrast images from electron microscopes build up discretely in time by detecting single electrons. A wave description of pulse-like coherent-inelastic interaction of an electron with matter implies a time-dependent coexistence of coherent partial waves. Their superposition forms a wave package by phase decoherence of 0.5 - 1 radian with Heisenbergs energy uncertainty ΔEH = ħ/2 Δt−1 matching the energy loss ΔE of a coherent-inelastic interaction and sets the interaction time Δt. In these circumstances, the product of Planck's constant and the speed of light hc is given by the product of the expression for temporal coherence λ2/Δλ and the energy loss ΔE. Experimentally, the self-coherence length was measured by detecting the energy-dependent localization of scattered, plane matter waves in surface proximity exploiting the Goos–Hänchen shift. Chromatic-aberration Cc-corrected electron microscopy on boron nitride (BN) proves that the coherent crystal illumination and phase contrast are lost if the self-coherence length shrinks below the size of the crystal unit cell at ΔE &gt; 200 eV. In perspective, the interaction time of any matter wave compares with the lifetime of a virtual particle of any elemental interaction, suggesting the present concept of coherent-inelastic interactions of matter waves might be generalizable.
Navigating social reintegration: Experiences of Sri Lankan migrant workers returning from the Gulf
Authors: Ekanayake Anoji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since the economic boom in the Gulf region in the mid-1970s, it has been an attractive destination for Sri Lankan migrant workers seeking better opportunities. However, Gulf monarchies do not grant citizenship to these workers, making return and reintegration into Sri Lanka a crucial aspect of their migration journeys. While numerous studies have explored the economic aspects of the reintegration of returnees from the Gulf, there is a noticeable gap in the literature concerning the social aspects, particularly among returnees at the upper end of the skill spectrum. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the social dimensions of reintegration, which also impact economic reintegration, drawing on primary data from twenty-one in-depth interviews and a survey of 205 returnee migrants across the skill spectrum. The study's findings indicate that while most returnee high-skilled, skilled, and semi-skilled migrant workers find it relatively easy to readjust to life back in Sri Lanka with their family, friends, and relatives, some face hurdles in settling into new workplaces and reintegrating into the local work culture, which negatively affects their overall social reintegration experience. Furthermore, the study underscores the interconnectedness of economic and social reintegration, each influencing and sometimes exacerbating challenges in the other domain.
The Pfam protein families database: embracing AI/ML
Authors: Paysan-Lafosse Typhaine , Andreeva Antonina , Blum Matthias , Chuguransky Sara Rocio , Grego Tiago , Pinto Beatriz Lazaro , Salazar Gustavo A , Bileschi Maxwell L , Llinares-López Felipe , Meng-Papaxanthos Laetitia , Colwell Lucy J , Grishin Nick V , Schaeffer R Dustin , Clementel Damiano , Tosatto Silvio C E , Sonnhammer Erik , Wood Valerie , Bateman Alex 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Pfam protein families database is a comprehensive collection of protein domains and families used for genome annotation and protein structure and function analysis (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/). This update describes major developments in Pfam since 2020, including decommissioning the Pfam website and integration with InterPro, harmonization with the ECOD structural classification, and expanded curation of metagenomic, microprotein and repeat-containing families. We highlight how AlphaFold structure predictions are being leveraged to refine domain boundaries and identify new domains. New families discovered through large-scale sequence similarity analysis of AlphaFold models are described. We also detail the development of Pfam-N, which uses deep learning to expand family coverage, achieving an 8.8% increase in UniProtKB coverage compared to standard Pfam. We discuss plans for more frequent Pfam releases integrated with InterPro and the potential for artificial intelligence to further assist curation. Despite recent advances, many protein families remain to be classified, and Pfam continues working toward comprehensive coverage of the protein universe.
A butterfly-shaped acceptor with rigid skeleton and unique assembly enables both efficient organic photovoltaics and high-speed organic photodetectors
Authors: Shi Wendi , Han Qiansai , Zhu Yu , Xia Yingjun , He Tengfei , Wang Shijie , Li Longyu , Ma Wei , Long Guankui , Li Guanghui , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
It remains challenging to design efficient bifunctional semiconductor materials in organic photovoltaic and photodetector devices. Here, we report a butterfly-shaped molecule, named WD-6, which exhibits low energy disorder and small reorganization energy due to its enhanced molecular rigidity and unique assembly with strong intermolecular interaction. The binary photovoltaic device based on PM6:WD-6 achieved an efficiency of 18.41%. Notably, an efficiency of 19.42% was achieved for the ternary device based on PM6:BTP-eC9:WD-6. Moreover, the photodetection device based on WD-6 demonstrated an ultrafast response speed (205 ns response time at λ of 820 nm) and a high cutoff frequency of −3 dB (2.45 MHz), surpassing the values of most commercial Si photodiodes. Based on these findings, we showcased an application of the WD-6-based photodetection device in high-speed optical communication. These results offer valuable insights into the design of organic semiconductor materials capable of simultaneously exhibiting high photovoltaic and photodetective performance.
Radiation dose estimation for indoor radon, thoron and their progenies using a stochastic method—a small-scale survey in Wuhan, China
Authors: Hu Jun , Kranrod Chutima , Omori Yasutaka , Hosoda Masahiro , Tokonami Shinji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Passive radon monitors with CR-39s are widely used in major epidemiological surveys. However, the conventional CR-39 track density determining strategy makes it difficult to accurately estimate the concentration because of the heterogeneity of tracks on CR-39s. This study introduced a stochastic method, Latin hypercube sampling, to improve the track density determining strategy and provide the probability distribution of 222Rn concentration and equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration. The first 222Rn and 220Rn discriminated survey was conducted in Wuhan, China, in 2018 using RADUET® and deposition-based passive 220Rn progeny monitors and applying the stochastic method to the measurement. The results indicate that the stochastic method could decrease the effects of the track heterogeneity on the CR-39s and provide reliable results. The 220Rn progeny contributed more than 40% of the total inhalation dose in the survey, which cannot be ignored in urban family dwellings.