bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational study of adolescent health outcomes associated with school‐based health service utilization: A causal analysis
Authors: Denny Simon , Grant Sue , Galbreath Ross , Utter Jennifer , Fleming Theresa , Clark Terryann 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveOur aim is to examine the unbiased association between use of school‐based health services (SBHS) and student health outcomes.Data SourcesData are from a nationally representative health and well‐being survey of 8500 New Zealand high school students from 91 high schools.Study DesignStudent data were linked to the level of SBHS available to them: no SBHS, regular clinics from visiting health professionals, a health professional onsite, or a health team onsite.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsCausal analyses are used to compare utilization of SBHS and their association with student‐reported health outcomes, including foregone health care, depressive symptoms, emotional and behavioral difficulties, suicide risk, substance use, and unsafe sexual behaviors.Principal FindingsResults from the multinomial propensity score–weighted regressions show that the use of SBHS was associated with poorer health outcomes, suggesting that selection bias was present due to unmeasured confounders. Instrumental variable analyses found that that students using team‐based SBHS had a 4.7 percent (95% CI 0.5‐8.9) probability of high levels of depressive symptoms compared to 14.2 percent (95% CI 11.5‐16.8) among students not using team SBHS. For suicide attempt, students using team‐based SBHS had a 2.0 percent (95% CI −0.3‐4.2) probability of a suicide attempt in the previous 12 months compared to 5.6 percent (95% CI 2.6‐8.5) among students not using team SBHS.ConclusionsThese analyses suggest that team‐based SBHS are associated with better mental health among students who attend them.
Nontargeted Analytical Methods as a Powerful Tool for the Authentication of Spices and Herbs: A Review
Authors: Oliveira Marciano M. , Cruz‐Tirado J.P. , Barbin Douglas F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFood fraud in herbs and spices is an important topic, which has led to new technologies being studied as potential tools for fraud identification. Nontargeted technologies have proven to be a useful tool for the authentication of herbs and spices. The present review focuses on the use of near‐infrared, hyperspectral imaging, Fourier‐transform infrared, Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy for the authentication of spices, which includes the determination of origin and irradiated spices and the identification of adulterants. The methods developed based on vibrational spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques seem to be promising tools for determining the presence of adulterants and contaminants in herbs and spices. On the other hand, nuclear magnetic resonance seems to be the most efficient technology to determine the origin of herbs and spices although, for some cases, studies with near‐infrared spectroscopy can be a viable substitute. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy is the technique par excellence used for the authentication of irradiated herbs and spices, so its use should be expanded to many more spices’ varieties. Portable devices are preferred by those involved in the food industry, due to its manageability and low cost. Data fusion and big data are shown as promising tools for spice fraud control. In conclusion, spectroscopic techniques show a great efficiency to authenticate spices, although their evaluation must be expanded to other spice varieties, to new strategies of data analysis (as data fusion and big data), and to the use of portable devices.
Predictors of in‐hospital cardiac arrest within 24 h after emergency department triage: A case–control study in urban Thailand
Authors: Srivilaithon Winchana , Amnuaypattanapon Kumpol , Limjindaporn Chitlada , Imsuwan Intanon , Daorattanachai Kiattichai , Dasanadeba Ittabud , Siripakarn Yaowapha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the predictors of in‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) within 24 h of ED triage and evaluates their ability to predict patients at risk of IHCA.MethodsA case–control study was conducted in the ED. ‘Cases’ are herein defined as hospitalised patients who experienced IHCA within 24 h after ED triage. The exclusion criteria were those younger than 16 years old, cases of traumatic arrest, or had do‐not‐resuscitate orders. The controls were adults, non‐traumatic cases, who did not experience IHCA within 24 h of ED triage. A multivariable regression model was used to identify significant predictors of IHCA. The ability to discriminate was quantified by utilising an area under receiver operating characteristic (AuROC) curve.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty IHCAs were compared with 1000 controls. Five predictors emerged that were: higher National Early Warning Score (NEWS) at triage, equal or increase of NEWS after ED management, coronary artery disease as a comorbid disease, the use of a vasoactive agent, and initial serum bicarbonate level lower than 23.5 mmoL/L, independently associated with IHCA. The AuROC of the final model from all predictors was 0.91 (95% CI 0.89–0.93) higher than NEWS alone model (AuROC at 0.78, 95% CI 0.74–0.81).ConclusionsWe conclude that a combination of NEWS and four independent predictors identify patients at risk of IHCA more effectively than NEWS alone.
Validation of MARK quadrant scoring system for early upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to detect gastric neoplasms in Chinese dyspeptic patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Yu Adrian Ho‐Kun , Cheung Yau‐Fung , Leong Heng‐Tat 
Published: March 2019

AimDyspepsia is a common reason for referral to the surgical outpatient department for consideration of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients at substantial risk of gastric neoplasm should be triaged for early endoscopy. The MARK quadrant scoring system is a new diagnostic tool to help predict the likelihood of gastric neoplasms in patients presenting with dyspepsia. The aim of the present study was to validate this tool in a surgical outpatient setting.Patients and MethodsThe present study involved a retrospective cohort of 604 patients at a local acute hospital in Hong Kong. Data were collected from the electronic health records for all first consultations at the surgical outpatient department for dyspepsia dating from 1 January to 31 December 2017. The MARK quadrant score was calculated and compared with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings and biopsy‐proven pathologies. Subgroup analysis for independent risk factors was performed.ResultsFifty biopsy‐proven gastric neoplasms were identified, including 28 gastric adenocarcinomas, eight gastrointestinal stromal tumours, four gastric dysplasias and two gastric lymphomas. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was 0.954 [95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 0.908–0.999, P < 0.01]. At a cut‐off of 10, sensitivity was 90 per cent and specificity was 98.2 per cent. For subgroup analysis, male sex and smoking were positively associated with gastric neoplasms, with an odds ratio of 2.46 (95 per cent: CI 1.37–4.41, P < 0.01) and 2.60 (95 per cent CI: 1.36–4.98, P < 0.01), respectively.ConclusionThe MARK quadrant score helps predict the likelihood of gastric neoplasms in dyspepsia. Male sex and smoking are independent risk factors of gastric neoplasms.
Application of Lactobacillus as Adjunct Cultures in Wheat Dough Fermentation
Authors: Xing Xiaolong , Suo Biao , Yang Yong , Li Zhen , Nie Wenjing , Ai Zhilu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential use of Lactobacillus from traditional Chinese sourdoughs of different regions as original adjunct cultures in the steamed bread making process. The effects of Lactobacillus on dough and steamed bread were evaluated. Some differences were obtained in the parameters of fermented dough (organic acid content, rheofermentative parameters, pH, and total titratable acidity [TTA]) and steamed bread (hardness, specific volume, organic acid content, shape, color, pH, TTA and sensory score) made with five different Lactobacillus strains (Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella confusa, Lactobacillus crustorum, and Pediococcus acidilactici). Steamed bread made with P. pentosaceus showed a significant increase in specific volume (from 2.19 to 2.41) and a decrease in hardness (from 3,158 g to 2,301 g). Dough leavened by L. fermentum showed significantly higher amounts of lactic acid and acetic acid than dough inoculated with W. confusa, which had values similar to those of the control. The dough fermented by P. pentosaceus exhibited the most gas production (1,811 mL), which is an important index of streamed bread quality. Our research provides a reference for making steamed bread with Lactobacillus.Practical ApplicationProbiotic Lactobacillus is widely used to produce fermenting foods and has been used in bread processing to improve the quality and characteristics of bread. Steamed bread is one of the most popular fermented foods in northern China. However, there is little information about the application of Lactobacillus in Chinese steamed bread. This study explored the potential use of Lactobacillus to improve the characteristics and quality of steamed bread.
Age‐associated cholesterol reduction triggers brain insulin resistance by facilitating ligand‐independent receptor activation and pathway desensitization
Authors: Martín‐Segura Adrián , Ahmed Tariq , Casadomé‐Perales Álvaro , Palomares‐Perez Irene , Palomer Ernest , Kerstens Axelle , Munck Sebastian , Balschun Detlef , Dotti Carlos G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the brain, insulin plays an important role in cognitive processes. During aging, these faculties decline, as does insulin signaling. The mechanism behind this last phenomenon is unclear. In recent studies, we reported that the mild and gradual loss of cholesterol in the synaptic fraction of hippocampal neurons during aging leads to a decrease in synaptic plasticity evoked by glutamate receptor activation and also by receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. As insulin and insulin growth factor activity are dependent on tyrosine kinase receptors, we investigated whether the constitutive loss of brain cholesterol is also involved in the decay of insulin function with age. Using long‐term depression (LTD) induced by application of insulin to hippocampal slices as a read‐out, we found that the decline in insulin function during aging could be monitored as a progressive impairment of insulin‐LTD. The application of a cholesterol inclusion complex, which donates cholesterol to the membrane and increases membrane cholesterol levels, rescued the insulin signaling deficit and insulin‐LTD. In contrast, extraction of cholesterol from hippocampal neurons of adult mice produced the opposite effect. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition of Cyp46A1, an enzyme involved in brain cholesterol loss with age, improved insulin signaling. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments pointed to a change in receptor conformation by reduced membrane cholesterol, favoring ligand‐independent autophosphorylation. Together, these results indicate that changes in membrane fluidity of brain cells during aging play a key role in the decay of synaptic plasticity and cognition that occurs at this late stage of life.
Complications of augmentation procedures for dental implants in private practice, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Dastaran M , Bailey D , Austin S , Chandu A , Judge R 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study audited complications associated with augmentation for dental implants, retrospectively over a 5‐year period in a variety of private dental practices in Victoria (Australia).MethodsComplications were categorized as surgical or biological and compared to a group not requiring augmentation. Implant factors underwent univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe study assessed 8486 implants with 26.9% undergoing augmentation. Augmentation had no effect on implant survival, however, a significant increase in complications for those implants requiring augmentation was found (P = <0.001). The hard tissue augmented group had significantly more cases of insufficient bone/dehiscences at implant placement (P < 0.001), and post‐placement bone loss (P = 0.0014). These implants were grafted simultaneously (P < 0.05) with particulate autogenous bone and/or Bio‐Oss (P < 0.05) with resorbable xenograft membrane (P < 0.001). There was significantly more bone loss in open sinus lifted cases than implants placed in native bone (1.90% v 0.30%; P = 0.009).ConclusionsThe study demonstrated no increase in graft complications that could be related to any specific augmentation technique, suggesting that routine grafting procedures used in private practice were safe and appropriate. Previously augmented sites were found to be more likely to require further augmentation at implant placement.
First records of sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) diving to the mesopelagic zone (>200 m)
Authors: Crowe‐Riddell Jenna M. , D'Anastasi Blanche R. , Nankivell James H. , Rasmussen Arne R. , Sanders Kate L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractViviparous sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) are fully marine reptiles distributed in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Their known maximum diving depth ranges between 50 and 100 m and this is thought to limit their ecological ranges to shallow habitats. We report two observations, from industry‐owned remotely operated vehicles, of hydrophiine sea snakes swimming and foraging at depths of approximately 250 m in the Browse Basin on Australia's North West Shelf, in 2014 and 2017. These observations show that sea snakes are capable of diving to the dim‐lit, cold‐water mesopelagic zone, also known as the ‘twilight’ zone. These record‐setting dives raise new questions about the thermal tolerances, diving behaviour and ecological requirements of sea snakes. In addition to significantly extending previous diving records for sea snakes, these observations highlight the importance of university‐industry collaboration in surveying understudied deep‐sea habitats.
Effects of the occurrence of a cyclone and the dominance of a bamboo species on the dynamics of subtropical forest fragments
Authors: Liebsch Dieter , de Maçaneiro João Paulo , Galvão Franklin , Marques Marcia Cristina Mendes , Mikich Sandra Bos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith the intensification of global warming, the occurrence of large‐scale natural events is becoming even more common in tropical regions, which can impact the structure of plant communities. In this study, we evaluated the isolated and combined effects of an extratropical cyclone and the dominance of a native bamboo species (Merostachys skvortzovii) on floristic composition, diversity, demographic rates and the increment of trees in Atlantic Forest fragments in Southern Brazil. In 2014 (T1) and 2016 (T2), we sampled 56 plots of 200 m² for the effects of an extratropical cyclone in 2009 (T0). We also evaluated another 60 plots of the same size not in the direct path of this cyclone. Half of the plots in each group were covered by dense groupings of bamboos, as a result of past human activities, which could potentially limit natural regeneration. We observed an increase in richness and diversity indices (H′ and 1/D) from the first (T0) to the following assessments (T1 an T2) on the sites affected by the cyclone, when compared to non‐affected sites. After the cyclone, both density and basal area they decreased, but there was an increase in recruitment, mortality, turnover rates and basal area, as well as basal increment. The diameter increment on surviving individuals was higher in cyclone‐affected sites than in non‐affected sites. Bamboo cover did not affect richness or demographic rates (except mortality between T0 and T1). Natural impacts of this nature can lead to significant alterations of demographic rates, allowing the input of new species and influencing the pace of demographic processes.
Detecting selection signatures in three Iranian sheep breeds
Authors: Manzari Z. , Mehrabani‐Yeganeh H. , Nejati‐Javaremi A. , Moradi M. H. , Gholizadeh M. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe objective of genome mapping is to achieve valuable insight into the connection between gene variants (genotype) and observed traits (phenotype). Part of that objective is to understand the selective forces that have operated on a population. Finding links between genotype–phenotype changes makes it possible to identify selective sweeps by patterns of genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium. Based on Illumina 50KSNP chip data, two approaches, XP‐EHH (cross‐population extend haplotype homozygosity) and FST (fixation index), were carried out in this research to identify selective sweeps in the genome of three Iranian local sheep breeds: Baluchi (n = 86), Lori‐Bakhtiari (n = 45) and Zel (n = 45). Using both methods, 93 candidate genomic regions were identified as harboring putative selective sweeps. Bioinformatics analysis of the genomic regions showed that signatures of selection related to multiple candidate genes, such as HOXB9, HOXB13, ACAN, NPR2, TRIL, AOX1, CSF2, GHR, TNS2, SPAG8, HINT2, ALS2, AAAS, RARG, SYCP2, CAV1, PPP1R3D, PLA2G7, TTLL7 and C20orf10, that play a role in skeletal system and tail, sugar and energy metabolisms, growth, reproduction, immune and nervous system traits. Our findings indicated diverse genomic selection during the domestication of Iranian sheep breeds.
Bronchial asthma triggered by house dust mites in patients with local allergic rhinitis
Authors: Campo Paloma , Eguiluz‐Gracia Ibon , Plaza‐Serón María Carmen , Salas María , José Rodríguez María , Pérez‐Sánchez Natalia , González Miguel , Molina Ana , Mayorga Cristobalina , Torres María José , Rondón Carmen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundOver 30% of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) patients self‐report bronchial symptoms suggestive of asthma, but the relationship between the allergen exposure and the bronchial symptoms has not been studied.ObjectiveTo investigate whether a bronchial counterpart of LAR exists.MethodsPatients were classified by clinical history, skin prick test/serum specific IgE (sIgE), and nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) into the LAR, allergic rhinitis (AR), and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) phenotypes. Twenty‐eight LAR, 18 AR, and 19 NAR patients self‐reporting bronchial symptoms suggestive of asthma and 8 healthy controls (HC) were subjected to a methacholine test (MT) before (Visit 1) and 24 hours after (Visit 3) a bronchial provocation test with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (BPT‐DP) (Visit 2). Induced sputum and peripheral blood obtained after each MT were analyzed for immune cell populations, tryptase, ECP, and sIgE.ResultsA positive MT was found in 50% of LAR, 83.3% of AR, 57.89% of NAR, and 0% of HC individuals (P = 0.022 AR vs LAR) at V1. BPT‐DP was positive in 8 LAR and 15 AR patients (28% vs 83.3%, P < 0.001), with no positive responses in NAR and HC. All BPT‐DP+ patients experienced a significant decrease of PC20 at V3 vs V1 (P = 0.016 LAR, P ≤ 0.001 AR). BPT‐DP+ patients also showed a significant increase of eosinophils, monocytes, and ECP in induced sputum at V3 compared with V1.ConclusionThe results suggest the existence of a new asthma phenotype (local allergic asthma) defined by absence of systemic atopy and positivity to BPT with allergen.
Initial single institution experience with robotic biliary surgery and bilio‐enteric anastomosis in southeast Asia
Authors: Goh Brian K. P. , Low Tze‐Yi , Teo Jin‐Yao , Lee Ser‐Yee , Chan Chung‐Yip , Chung Alexander Y. F. , Ooi London L. P. J. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPresently, experience with robotic biliary surgery (RBS) is increasing worldwide although widespread adoption remains limited. In this study, we report our initial experience with RBS.MethodsRetrospective review of a single institution prospective database of 95 consecutive robotic hepatopancreatobiliary surgeries performed between 2013 and 2018. Of these, 27 patients who underwent RBS were included in this study. RBS was performed by three principal console surgeons of whom one surgeon performed 23 (85%) and supervised all cases. Additionally, to evaluate our initial outcomes with bilio‐enteric anastomoses, eight consecutive pancreatoduodenectomies were included.ResultsOf the 27 RBS performed, these included 10 hepaticojejunostomies with bile duct resections (including two concomitant pancreatoduodenectomies and one right hepatectomy) for choledochal cysts, bile duct strictures and biliary malignancies; five liver resections with hilar lymph node clearance for gallbladder cancer; four for Mirizzi syndrome; two cholecystectomies with cholecystoenteric fistula and two bile duct exploration after failed endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis. There were no open conversions, no 90‐day mortality and four (14.8%) major (>Grade II) morbidities. The median post‐operative stay was 6 (range 1–29) days and there was one (3.7%) 30‐day readmissions. Of our first 18 robotically constructed bilio‐enteric anastomoses, there was only one (5.5%) early anastomotic complication (bile leak requiring reoperation).ConclusionOur initial experience demonstrated that RBS can be adopted safely with a low open conversion rate. Robotically constructed bilio‐enteric anastomosis can be performed safely with a low anastomotic complication rate.
A cohort study of 49 933 women with surgically verified endometriosis: Increased incidence of breast cancer below the age of 40
Authors: Saavalainen Liisu , Lassus Heini , But Anna , Tiitinen Aila , Härkki Päivi , Gissler Mika , Pukkala Eero , Heikinheimo Oskari 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe association between endometriosis and breast cancer is unclear. We assessed the risk of breast cancer in women with surgically verified endometriosis, with special focus on the age at cancer diagnosis, time from endometriosis diagnosis and breast cancer histology.Material and methodsAll women with first endometriosis‐associated diagnoses occurring concomitantly with relevant surgical codes during 1987‐2012 were retrieved from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register in Finland. Breast cancers diagnosed after the endometriosis diagnosis were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. The Finnish female population served as the reference. The endometriosis cohort consisted of 49 933 women (23 210 cases of ovarian, 20 187 peritoneal and 2372 deep infiltrating endometriosis). The outcome measure was the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of breast cancer calculated for the whole cohort and for the subtypes of endometriosis, stratified by the age at breast cancer diagnosis, histology and time from endometriosis diagnosis.ResultsThe overall risk of breast cancer (1555 cases) was similar to the reference population (SIR 0.99; 95% CI 0.94‐1.03), did not differ in types of endometriosis, and was similar for ductal and lobular breast cancer. However, the SIR of breast cancer was increased in the age group of 20‐29 years (SIR 4.44; 95% CI 2.22‐7.94) and in the age group of 30‐39 years (SIR 1.28; 95% CI 1.03‐1.57). The risk of in situ breast cancer (170 cases) was increased in the entire endometriosis cohort (SIR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07‐1.44).ConclusionsThe overall risk of breast cancer in women with surgically verified endometriosis was similar to that of general population. However, the risk of breast cancer at young age was increased. Young women with surgically verified endometriosis represent highly symptomatic patients with more frequent surgeries and additional therapies that might also contribute to the risk of breast cancer.