bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between EGFR mutation and computed tomography characteristics of the lung in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qiu Xiaowei , Yuan Hang , Sima Bin 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between EGFR mutation and computed tomography (CT) features in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung.MethodsOne hundred and ninety two lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery were retrospectively included in this study. Examination of EGFR gene mutation was performed on all resected tumor samples. The 192 recruited lung adenocarcinoma patients were divided into groups according to EGFR mutation status: patients with mutations in exons 18–21 (effective mutated, n = 61) and non‐mutated (n = 131). The clinical characteristics and lung CT imaging features of the two groups were recorded and compared. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent risk factors relevant to effective EGFR gene mutation.ResultsThe independent risk factors relevant to effective EGFR mutation were evaluated by logistic regression test. The results indicated that female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.23), lung CT features of lymphangitis carcinomatosa (OR 2.66), semi‐solid lesion density (OR 3.56), and spicule sign (OR 1.61) were independent risk factors relevant to EGFR mutation.ConclusionFemale patients with lung CT features of lymphangitis carcinomatosa, semi‐solid lesion density, and spicule sign are more prone to harbor EGFR gene mutations and are more likely to benefit from targeted therapy.
Nurr1 (NR4A2) regulates Alzheimer’s disease‐related pathogenesis and cognitive function in the 5XFAD mouse model
Authors: Moon Minho , Jung Eun Sun , Jeon Seong Gak , Cha Moon‐Yong , Jang Yongwoo , Kim Woori , Lopes Claudia , Mook‐Jung Inhee , Kim Kwang‐Soo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 (also known as NR4A2) is critical for the development and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and is associated with Parkinson's disease. However, an association between Nurr1 and Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related pathology has not previously been reported. Here, we provide evidence that Nurr1 is expressed in a neuron‐specific manner in AD‐related brain regions; specifically, it is selectively expressed in glutamatergic neurons in the subiculum and the cortex of both normal and AD brains. Based on Nurr1’s expression patterns, we investigated potential functional roles of Nurr1 in AD pathology. Nurr1 expression was examined in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mouse model and postmortem human AD subjects. In addition, we performed both gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies of Nurr1 and its pharmacological activation in 5XFAD mice. We found that knockdown of Nurr1 significantly aggravated AD pathology while its overexpression alleviated it, including effects on Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Importantly, 5XFAD mice treated with amodiaquine, a highly selective synthetic Nurr1 agonist, showed robust reduction in typical AD features including deposition of Aβ plaques, neuronal loss, microgliosis, and impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, leading to significant improvement of cognitive impairment. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that Nurr1 critically regulates AD‐related pathophysiology and identify Nurr1 as a novel AD therapeutic target.
Socioeconomic status in Danish women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Rubin Katrine H. , Andersen Marianne S. , Abrahamsen Bo , Glintborg Dorte 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionLow socioeconomic status (SES) may be associated with increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and vice versa. Possible associations between SES, obesity and ethnicity in PCOS are undetermined.Material and methodsNational register‐based study including women with PCOS aged 25 years or above (PCOS Denmark and an embedded cohort; PCOS Odense University Hospital [OUH]) and one control population. PCOS Denmark (n = 13 891) included women with PCOS in the Danish National Patient Register. Women in PCOS OUH underwent clinical examination (n = 814). Three age‐matched controls were included per patient (n = 41 584). The main outcome measure was SES (personal income, occupational status and education).ResultsThe median (Q1; Q3) age of women in PCOS Denmark and controls was 33 (29; 39) years. Women with personal income in the lower tertile had a higher probability of a PCOS diagnosis than women in the high‐income tertile (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4‐1.6). Women who were unemployed or on welfare payment (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4‐1.6), or who retired early (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.7‐2.0) had a higher probability of a PCOS diagnosis than women affiliated to the labor market. Women originating from the Middle East more often had PCOS (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 2.8‐3.7) compared with women originating from Europe. In PCOS OUH, SES was lower in obese than in normal weight women.ConclusionsA diagnosis of PCOS was associated with lower SES. In PCOS, women of foreign origin and women with obesity more often had low SES.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children after open heart surgery
Authors: Guo Zheng , Yang Yinyu , Zhang Wei , Shen Jia , Jiang Lei , Yu Xindi , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides cardiorespiratory support during cardiopulmonary resuscitation unresponsive to conventional methods. Here, we analyzed the extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) results of children in a cardiac arrest setting after cardiac surgery. Of 3119 cases of pediatric open‐heart surgery, 31 required postoperative ECMO. Among the 31 patients, 11 experienced cardiac arrest and ECPR in the early postoperative period. These 11 patients’ median age is 1.5 [range, 0.1‐19] months and median weight is 3.9 [range, 2.9‐10.3] kg. The medical records of ECPR cases were analyzed. The median ECMO‐assisted time was 68 (range, 13‐456) hours and 4 cases (36.4%) survived. The ECMO‐assisted times were ≤2 days in 4 patients (all eventually died), ≥6 days in 3 patients (all also died), and all 4 cases supported for 2‐6 days were discharged successfully (P = 0.006). In the survivors and nonsurvivors, peak lactate levels were 10.8 ± 7.04 and 22.8 ± 6.98 mmol/L (P = 0.023) and peak creatinine levels were 47.50 ± 25.9 and 153.7 ± 73.9 mg/dL (P = 0.035), respectively. In these 11 ECPR cases, the most common complications were bleeding requiring re‐exploration (n = 6, 54.5%) and renal failure (n = 6, 54.5%). The incidence of renal failure was significantly correlated with hypoperfusion time (P = 0.015). ECPR is valuable in children with postoperative cardiac arrest. The higher peak lactate level, higher peak creatinine level, and prolonged ECMO duration were associated with higher mortality. Early diagnosis and intervention of residual anatomical problems could improve survival. Bleeding and renal failure were the most common complications and the incidence of renal failure may be correlated with longer hypoperfusion duration.
The sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2 is dysregulated by tau alterations in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Zhao Fanpeng , Shen Katie , Wang Wenzhang , Siedlak Sandra L. , Lee Hyoung‐gon , Phelix Clyde F. , Perry George , Shen Lu , Tang Beisha , Yan Riqiang , Zhu Xiongwei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDisturbed neuronal cholesterol homeostasis has been observed in Alzheimer disease (AD) and contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. As the master switch of cholesterol biosynthesis, the sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2 (SREBP‐2) translocates to the nucleus after cleavage/activation, but its expression and activation have not been studied in AD which is the focus of the current study. We found both a significant decrease in the nuclear translocation of N‐terminal SREBP‐2 accompanied by a significant accumulation of C‐terminal SREBP‐2 in NFT‐containing pyramidal neurons in AD. N‐terminal‐ SREBP‐2 is also found in dystrophic neurites around plaques in AD brain. Western blot confirmed a significantly reduced nuclear translocation of mature SREBP‐2 (mSREBP‐2) in AD brain. Interestingly, reduced nuclear mSREBP‐2 was only found in animal models of tauopathies such as 3XTg AD mice and P301L Tau Tg mice but not in CRND8 APP transgenic mice, suggesting that tau alterations likely are involved in the changes of mSREBP‐2 distribution and activation in AD. Altogether, our study demonstrated disturbed SREBP‐2 signaling in AD and related models, and proved for the first time that tau alterations contribute to disturbed cholesterol homeostasis in AD likely through modulation of nuclear mSREBP‐2 translocation.
Temperamental Emotionality Attributes as Antecedents of Children's Social Information Processing
Authors: Davies Patrick T. , Coe Jesse L. , Hentges Rochelle F. , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L. , Ripple Michael T. 
Published: December 2018

This study examined temperament dimensions of emotion as precursors of children's social information processing (SIP) of stressful peer events. Two hundred and forty‐three preschool children (M = 4.60 years) and their primary caregivers participated in two measurement occasions spaced 2 years apart. Observations of temperamental anger, fearful distress, positive affect, and effortful control were assessed in multiple laboratory tasks across two visits at Wave 1. SIP assessments from vignettes of peer challenges were repeated across two waves and included: eye tracking measures of attention to peer emotion displays, hostile attribution bias, hostile solutions, and subjective distress. Findings from structural equation models with inclusion of autoregressive controls indicated that effortful control, fear, and anger predicted subsequent changes in specific SIP dimensions.
Abnormal choroidal flow on optical coherence tomography angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Seo Eoi Jong , Um Taewoong , Yoon Young Hee 
Published: December 2018

ImportanceAnalysing choroidal flow in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with novel device.BackgroundTo examine the abnormal morphology of choriocapillary flow with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) according to the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) in CSC.DesignA hospital‐based retrospective study.ParticipantsWe analysed OCTA results of 68 eyes (68 patients) diagnosed as CSC with or without SRF (active and resolved CSC, respectively) at the Asan Medical Center.MethodsWe classified OCTA choriocapillary images into three pattern groups: mixed perfusion, hyper‐perfusion and normal perfusion. Data analysis included age, follow‐up duration, treatment modalities, number of treatments, subfoveal choroidal thickness and SRF height.Main Outcome MeasuresThe relationship between CSC activity and choriocapillary pattern.ResultsAbnormal choroidal flow (mixed and hyper‐perfusion) was more frequently found in eyes with active CSC (100%) than resolved CSC (47.5%, P < 0.001). In active CSC eyes, mixed perfusion was predominant (71.4%), while hyper‐perfusion was predominant in those with resolved CSC (73.7%). Eyes with recently resolved CSC (SRF absorption present for <2 months) had abnormal choriocapillary flow more often than the remaining eyes with resolved CSC (83.3% vs 32.1%, P = 0.005). Resolved CSC eyes with abnormal choriocapillary flow demonstrated more recurrence than eyes with normal choriocapillary flow (42.1% vs 9.5%, P = 0.017).Conclusions and RelevanceThe pattern of choriocapillary flow abnormalities on OCTA can indicate CSC disease activity. Because eyes with resolved CSC showing abnormal choroidal flow have a high recurrence rate, they should be carefully followed‐up.
Deep learning for predicting in‐hospital mortality among heart disease patients based on echocardiography
Authors: Kwon Joon‐myoung , Kim Kyung‐Hee , Jeon Ki‐Hyun , Park Jinsik 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundHeart disease (HD) is the leading cause of global death; there are several mortality prediction models of HD for identifying critically‐ill patients and for guiding decision making. The existing models, however, cannot be used during initial treatment or screening. This study aimed to derive and validate an echocardiography‐based mortality prediction model for HD using deep learning (DL).MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective cohort study, the subjects were admitted adult (age ≥ 18 years) HD patients who underwent echocardiography. The outcome was in‐hospital mortality. We extracted predictor variables from echocardiography reports using text mining. We developed deep learning‐based prediction model using derivation data of a hospital A. And we conducted external validation using echocardiography report of hospital B. We conducted subgroup analysis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) patients of hospital B and compared DL with the currently used predictive models (eg, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score (TIMI), Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) score, and Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure (GWTG‐HF) score).ResultsThe study subjects comprised 25 776 patients with 1026 mortalities. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the DL model were 0.912, 0.898, 0.958, and 0.913 for internal validation, external validation, CHD, and HF, respectively, and these results significantly outperformed other comparison models.ConclusionsThis echocardiography‐based deep learning model predicted in‐hospital mortality among HD patients more accurately than existing prediction models and other machine learning models.
Microplastic ingestion ubiquitous in marine turtles
Authors: Duncan Emily M. , Broderick Annette C. , Fuller Wayne J. , Galloway Tamara S. , Godfrey Matthew H. , Hamann Mark , Limpus Colin J. , Lindeque Penelope K. , Mayes Andrew G. , Omeyer Lucy C. M. , Santillo David , Snape Robin T. E. , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite concerns regarding the environmental impacts of microplastics, knowledge of the incidence and levels of synthetic particles in large marine vertebrates is lacking. Here, we utilize an optimized enzymatic digestion methodology, previously developed for zooplankton, to explore whether synthetic particles could be isolated from marine turtle ingesta. We report the presence of synthetic particles in every turtle subjected to investigation (n = 102) which included individuals from all seven species of marine turtle, sampled from three ocean basins (Atlantic [ATL]: n = 30, four species; Mediterranean (MED): n = 56, two species; Pacific (PAC): n = 16, five species). Most particles (n = 811) were fibres (ATL: 77.1% MED: 85.3% PAC: 64.8%) with blue and black being the dominant colours. In lesser quantities were fragments (ATL: 22.9%: MED: 14.7% PAC: 20.2%) and microbeads (4.8%; PAC only; to our knowledge the first isolation of microbeads from marine megavertebrates). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) of a subsample of particles (n = 169) showed a range of synthetic materials such as elastomers (MED: 61.2%; PAC: 3.4%), thermoplastics (ATL: 36.8%: MED: 20.7% PAC: 27.7%) and synthetic regenerated cellulosic fibres (SRCF; ATL: 63.2%: MED: 5.8% PAC: 68.9%). Synthetic particles being isolated from species occupying different trophic levels suggest the possibility of multiple ingestion pathways. These include exposure from polluted seawater and sediments and/or additional trophic transfer from contaminated prey/forage items. We assess the likelihood that microplastic ingestion presents a significant conservation problem at current levels compared to other anthropogenic threats.
Hospital dental hygienist intervention improves activities of daily living, home discharge and mortality in post‐acute rehabilitation
Authors: Shiraishi Ai , Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Tsuji Yuri , Yamaga Makio , Koga Hiroaki 
Published: December 2018

AimTo examine the effects of oral management provided by dental hygienists (DH) on patient outcomes in post‐acute rehabilitation.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study with 1056 patients newly admitted to a post‐rehabilitation hospital in Japan. DH care was defined as two or more consecutive instances of oral management provided by a ward DH during hospitalization. The primary outcome was the motor domain of Functional Independence Measure score at discharge. Other outcomes included the rate of home discharge; length of stay, all‐cause in‐hospital mortality, and oral, swallowing and nutritional status at discharge. Propensity score matching was carried out to control and adjust for patients’ backgrounds to compare outcomes between patients who did or did not receive DH care.ResultsOf 1056 patients enrolled (mean age 71 years; 52.0% women; 73.1% with oral problems), 415 (39.3%) received DH care. Multivariate analyses using pair‐matched patients showed that DH care was significantly associated with higher motor domain of Functional Independence Measure score at discharge (β = 0.281, P = 0.041), shorter length of stay (β = 0.446, P = 0.044), higher rate of home discharge (odds ratio 1.202, 95% confidence interval 1.026–1.491, P = 0.037) and lower mortality (hazard ratio 0.818, 95% confidence interval 0.738–0.952, P = 0.037) after adjusting for potential covariates.ConclusionsDH oral management improves patient outcomes, including activities of daily living, home discharge and in‐hospital mortality in post‐acute rehabilitation. Early detection of oral problems, early oral treatment by dental professionals, and cooperation between medical and dental professionals should be implemented. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 189–196.
The governance and standardisation of research information in different science systems: A comparative analysis of Germany and Italy
Authors: Biesenbender Sophie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper takes a policy‐analytical perspective on the evolution of standards of research information (RI) and provides a framework for analysing processes of RI standardisation in different research systems. It focuses on the choice of policy instruments on the macro level (government) and their effects with regard to policy reactions, decisions and practices on the meso level (Higher Education institutions). Next to providing a conceptual frame for analysing and comparing—direct and indirect—RI standardisation processes, the paper presents exploratory evidence with regard to the German and Italian science systems. The empirical analysis shows that policies (indirectly) regulating the institutional processing of RI (e.g., evaluation policies) might indeed lead to the standardisation of RI in a science system. Policy reactions on the meso or organisational level, which largely shape the standardisation dynamics, depend on the strategic relevance of the policy and on available implementation support.
Maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and child weight status at 3 years of age
Authors: Martin Chantel L. , Vladutiu Catherine J. , Zikry Tarek M. , Grace Matthew R. , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe intrauterine environment is critical in the development of child obesity.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and child weight status.MethodsMaternal lipid levels (total cholesterol, high‐density and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides) collected from fasting blood samples collected at less than 20 and 24–29 weeks' gestation and child weight status at age 3 were examined prospectively among 183 mother‐child dyads enrolled in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition. Measured height and weight at 3 years were used to calculate age‐ and sex‐specific body mass index z‐scores. Child risk of overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index greater than or equal to 85th percentile for age and sex. Regression models estimated the association between maternal lipid levels and child body mass index z‐score and risk of being affected by overweight/obesity, respectively.ResultsHigher triglyceride levels at less than 20 and 24–29 weeks of pregnancy were associated with higher body mass index z‐scores (β = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07‐0.38 and β = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.01‐0.29; respectively) after adjusting for confounders. There was no evidence of an association between total or low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and child weight status at age 3.ConclusionsEarly childhood body mass index may be influenced by maternal triglyceride levels during pregnancy.
Polygenic risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and childhood obesity
Authors: Fang Jiao , Gong Chun , Wan Yuhui , Xu Yuanyuan , Tao Fangbiao , Sun Ying 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundBoth polygenic and unhealthy lifestyle factors contribute to individual‐level risk of obesity during childhood. The extent to which increased polygenic risk can be offset by healthy lifestyle is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine whether increased polygenic risk of obesity is modified by a healthy lifestyle during childhood.MethodsA total of 997 children (418 boys and 579 girls) who had complete DNA genotyping and body mass index (BMI) were eligible for the study were analyzed from an established prospective puberty cohort. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on 11 BMI‐increasing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from a published genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for child obesity. Seven lifestyle factors were selected to determine a composite healthy lifestyle, such as food responsiveness, slowness in eating, satiety responsiveness, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, and sugar‐sweetened beverages consumption, and which was classified as healthy (<P25), intermediate (P25‐P75) and unhealthy (>P75) lifestyle. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsChildren carrying additional BMI susceptibility alleles increased the BMI by 0.11 kg/m2, after adjusting gender, age and socio‐economic status (SES). A healthy lifestyle was associated with a substantially lower risk of obesity than an unhealthy lifestyle, regardless of the polygenic risk category. Among children at high polygenic risk, a healthy lifestyle was associated with an 85% lower risk of obesity than an unhealthy lifestyle (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.59; p = 0.007).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that increased polygenic risk might be largely offset by healthy lifestyle as early as in childhood.
Does climate action destroy jobs? An assessment of the employment implications of the 2‐degree goal
Authors: MONTT Guillermo , WIEBE Kirsten S. , HARSDORFF Marek , SIMAS Moana , BONNET Antoine , WOOD Richard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Paris Agreement lays out the objective of keeping global warming below 2 °C. The goal can be achieved by increasing both the share of renewables in the energy mix and energy efficiency. Such action entails a transformation of the energy sector, which, given its linkages with the rest of the economy, will have a knock‐on effect on other sectors. Using scenarios based on a multiregional input–output database, this article explores the economy‐wide and worldwide employment impact of such a transition. Findings suggest that by 2030 most economies will experience net job creation and reallocation across industries. Job creation is driven by the construction, manufacturing and renewables sectors.