bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Research Progress of Immunotherapy forAdvanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Shibo , Zhang Wei , Xu Shidong 
Published: July 2018

Lung cancer is one of the most fatalÂ tumors at present. Although early lung cancer canÂ be effectively intervened through surgery, the five-year survival rate is less than 55% because of itsÂ tendency for relapse and drug resistance. With theÂ development of immunotherapy, suchÂ methods likeÂ activating the immune system and relieving immuneÂ tolerance have become the new direction in theÂ systemic treatment of tumors. The newly discoveredÂ mechanism of immunostimulatory fatigue explainsÂ why immunotherapy is not very effective in someÂ patients and finds that low-dose decitabine canÂ relieve immunostimulatory fatigue. Whatâ€™s more,Â radiotherapy has a significant effect on the killing ofÂ local tumors, then disintegrated tumor cells can releaseÂ antigens and further activate the bodyâ€™s immuneÂ system. Therefore, immunotherapy in combinationÂ with radiochemotherapy has shown great prospects ofÂ achieving efficacy on patients with lung cancer fromÂ systemic and local levels. This article describes the newÂ progress of that method in treating lung cancer.
A Statistical Study to Investigate the Efficiency of Steel and Polypropylene Fiber in Enhancing the Durability Properties of Concrete Composites
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Rai Baboo 
Published: July 2018

Concrete deterioration is associated with factors like surface abrasion and transport of water through capillary action in the concrete matrix. These factors may catalyze other forms of deformation such as cracking and corrosion of reinforcing steel. This paper presents an experimental evaluation to compare the effectiveness of steel and polypropylene fiber in enhancing the mechanical and durability properties, in terms of impact, sorptivity, and abrasion. In the present study, abrasion resistance is strongly related to flexural strength as high correlation coefficient existed as compared to that of compressive strength and split tensile strength. Sorptivity test results demonstrated a substantial decrease in capillary porosity when PPF is used in concrete. The average initial sorptivity versus fiber volume fraction represents a linear relationship with high R2 value. Positive correlations were also detected between abrasion and initial sorptivity of ordinary Portland cement concrete composite with polypropylene fiber.
Atención de enfermería al paciente politraumatizado, Hospital Regional de Bata, 2017
Authors: Rodríguez Lazo Marisol , Ada Eworo Gil Mbomio Mbomio , Esono Nchama María Flora 
Published: July 2018

Introducción: cualquier persona es susceptible de sufrir un traumatismo y por ello, es importante que todos los profesionales de la salud especialmente el profesional de enfermería, disponga de los conocimientos básicos que le permitan abordar adecuadamente la asistencia inicial.Objetivo: evaluar el cumplimiento de los cuidados de enfermería al paciente politraumatizado.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo longitudinal. Servicio de Urgencias y Cirugía del Hospital Regional de Bata de Enero - mayo del 2017. El universo estuvo constituido por 37 enfermeras (os), y la muestra por 20. Se aplicó una guía de observación. Las variables fueron: acciones de Enfermería: si ejecuta las medidas de protección para la atención a estos pacientes, si prepara el servicio de urgencias para recibirlos, si realiza una evaluación inicial al paciente, si desempeña los cuidados de enfermería según procedimientos.Resultados: en las acciones de enfermería el 95% de los enfermeros (as) prepara el servicio para realizar las acciones correspondientes, el 90%, ejecuta las medidas de protección y el 100% realiza la evaluación inicial a los pacientes; un 85% coloca al paciente en posición adecuada, el 90% le realiza aspiración de cavidad bucal y broncopulmonar, el 95% realiza la colocación de sonda nasogástrica y vesical, un 90% hace la cura local de heridas, el 80% de los profesionales cumple con el aseo del paciente y un 95% brinda educación sanitaria al paciente y familiares.Conclusiones: la Enfermería realiza un trabajo eficiente cuando sus profesionales tienen un buen desempeño. De los profesionales evaluados el mayor por ciento cumplen de forma correcta con los cuidados de enfermería a los pacientes politraumatizados en los servicios de Urgencia y Cirugía.
UN World Water Development Report 2018: "Nature-based solutions for water"
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

Nature-based solutions (NBS) use or mimic natural processes to enhance water availability (e.g., soil moisture retention, groundwater recharge), improve water quality (e.g., natural and constructed wetlands, riparian buffer strips), and reduce risks associated with water-related disasters and climate change (e.g., floodplain restoration, green roofs).
The WWDR 2018 demonstrates how nature-based solutions offer a vital means of moving beyond business-as-usual to address many of the world’s water challenges while simultaneously delivering additional benefits vital to all aspects of sustainable development.

Disaster
Governance
Quality
Risk
Use/Reuse
Groundwater natural background quality in transboundary aquifers
Authors: Carvalho-Resende Tales 
Published: July 2018

The Groundwater Natural Background Quality indicators stands for the percentage of the transboundary aquifer (TBA) area where groundwater natural quality satisfies local drinking water standards.
In north-eastern Africa, parts of the Middle East and Northern India and Pakistan, low recharge values in TBAs are combined with high population densities. In these areas, return flows from irrigation and other human induced recharge appear to play a major role in the sustainability of groundwater resource utilization. Very low natural quality (less than 20 per cent of the aquifer area) coincides with TBAs highly impacted by irrigation return flows in densely populated areas with low to medium natural recharge, like the Nubian, Indus, Pre Caspian TBAs.
For more information, visit: https://ggis.un-igrac.org/ggis-viewer/viewer/twap/public/default

Drinking water
Quality
Transboundary
Agricultural Water Stress in Transboundary River Basins
Authors: Carvalho-Resende Tales 
Published: July 2018

The Agricultural Water Stress indicator identifies agricultural water stress of agricultural land under irrigation. It is calculated as the mean annual irrigation water consumption divided by the sum of mean annual runoff (MMR).
For more information, visit: http://twap-rivers.org/

Agriculture
Basin
Irrigation
Stress
Surface water
Transboundary
Bazı İman Konuları Bağlamında İbnü’l-Müneyyir’in Zemahşerî’ye Yönelik Eleştirileri
Authors: BAYRAM İbrahim 
Published: July 2018

Yazmış olduğu tefsirle (el-Keşşâf) İslam dünyasında
bir çığır açmış olan Zemahşerî (ö. 538/1144), Kur’an’ın edebi vechesini
yansıtma hususunda pek çok kişinin takdirini kazanmakla birlikte, taşıdığı
iʽtizalî fikirleri ayetlerin yorumuna katmak itibariyle de birtakım
eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Onu en güçlü ve sistemli şekilde tenkit eden
simaların başında ise İbnü’l-Müneyyir (ö. 683/1284) gelmiştir. İbnü’l-Müneyyir,
büyük bir şöhrete sahip olan Zemahşerî tefsirinin, ona göre içinde yer alan
zararlı iʽtizalî fikirlere karşı insanları ikaz etmek amacıyla bir eser
(el-İntisâf) kaleme almıştır. İbnü’l-Müneyyir bu eserinde onu diğer bir kısım itikadi
meselelerin dışında imanla ilgili bazı konular üzerinden de eleştirmiştir. Bu
manada imanın tanımı, amelle ilişkisi ve büyük günah sahibi kişinin konumu gibi
meselelerle alakalı olarak ona tenkitler yöneltmiştir. İmanın tasdikten ibaret
olduğunu, amelin imandan bir cüz olmadığını ve ister tövbe etsin ister etmesin
büyük günah sahibi müminin ya doğrudan ya da sonuç itibariyle cennete
gideceğini savunan İbnü’l-Müneyyir, tasdik ve ikrar dışında ameli de imanın bir
unsuru gören ve tövbe etmeden ölen günahkar kişinin mümin olmayıp ahirette
ebedi azaba müstahak olacağını ileri süren Zemahşerî’yi eleştirmiştir.
Muʽtezilî fikirlere sahip olan Zemahşerî’yi, Eşʽarî bir anlayış üzerinden
tenkit eden İbnü’l-Müneyyir, kendi görüşlerini ispat etmekten ziyade, onun düşüncelerinin
yanlışlığına ve kullandığı delillerin geçersizliğine dikkat çekmiştir.
Zemahşerî’nin ayetlerin zahiri itibariyle taşıdığı anlamların kendi görüşünü
teyit ettiğini düşündüğü yerlerde yaptığı yorumların onu gayesine
ulaştırmayacağını savunan İbnü’l-Müneyyir, aksi türdeki ayetlere dair yaptığı
tefsirlerde ise onu gereksiz yere ilahi kelamı tevil etmek ve kendi itikadi
görüşüne halel gelmemesi adına başka yerlerde uyguladığı kuralları
uygulamamakla tenkit etmiştir. Kimi zaman mensubu bulunduğu Ehl-i Sünnet
düşüncesinin iman konusuyla ilgili savunduğu görüşlere dair kanıtlar da
zikreden müellif, ayrıca Muʽtezilî yaklaşımın yanlışlığını ispat sadedinde, iki
mezhebin bazı hususlardaki ortak kabullerinden hareketle kendi görüşünü teyit
edecek sonuçlara ulaşmaya çalışmıştır.
Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Din Eğitiminde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar: Kilis İli Örneği
Authors: DEMİR Rıdvan , OKŞAR Yusuf 
Published: July 2018

Yaşadığı yerden, herhangi bir şekilde ayrılan veya
ayrılmak zorunda kalan bireylerin başka yerleşim alanlarına yaşamlarını sürdürmek
üzere gitmesi durumu olarak ifade edilen “göç” olgusu insanlık tarihi kadar
eskidir. İnsanlar, tarihi süreç içerisinde savaşlar, dini, ekonomik veya diğer
sosyal olaylar dolayısıyla göç etmek durumunda kalmışlardır. Geçmişte olduğu
gibi günümüzde de varlığını sürdüren son zamanlarda ise dünya genelinde artış
gösteren göç olgusu insanoğlunun karşı karşıya kaldığı en önemli sorunlardan
birisidir. Suriye’de patlak veren ve zamanla daha da şiddetli hale gelen iç
savaş nedeniyle ülkelerinden ayrılmak durumunda kalıp Türkiye’ye göç eden
Suriyeli sığınmacı sayısı göç idaresinin 2017 yılı verilerine göre üç milyonun
üzerindedir. Türkiye’ye sığınan Suriyeli mültecilere devlet tarafından barınma,
beslenme, sağlık ve eğitim gibi birçok alanda hizmet verilmektedir. 2016–2017
eğitim/öğretim yılından itibaren Türk Milli Eğitim sistemine dâhil olmaya
başlayan Suriyeli öğrenciler anasınıfından başlanarak 1. 5. ve 9. sınıflarda
öğrenim görmektedirler. Türk öğrencilere göre dil başta olmak üzere eğitim,
kültür, gelenek-görenek gibi hususlarda farklı nitelikler taşıyan bu öğrenciler
Türkiye’deki eğitim kurumlarında bir takım uyum sorunları ile
karşılaşmışlardır. Bu çalışmada Suriyeli öğrencilerin öğrenim gördüğü devlet
okullarında ve Geçici Eğitim Merkezlerinde (GEM) görev yapan din
eğitimcilerinin Suriyeli öğrencilerin eğitiminde karşılaştığı problemlerin
tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Suriyeli öğrencilerin öğrenim gördüğü
Kilis merkezdeki okullarda ve GEM’lerde görevli din eğitimi ile ilgili derslere
giren 20 öğretmenle görüşme yapılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntem ve
teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğretmenlerin belirlenmesinde
amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden birisi olan ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği ile
çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre Suriyeli öğrencilerin öğrenim
gördüğü kurumlarda çalışan yerel din eğitimcilerinin Arapça dil yeterlilikleri
açısından problem yaşadıkları tespit edilirken, GEM’lerde çalışan Suriyeli
eğitimcilerin öncelikli problemlerinin ders kitapları/öğretim materyalleri
eksikliği olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
EXPERIENCIAS MÚLTIPLES DE APROPIACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL DOCENTE EN LA FORMACIÓN DE PROFESORES UNIVERSITARIOS DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y NATURALES
Authors: Meza Lastenia Ugalde 
Published: July 2018

La formación de docentes en Ciencias es uno de los desafíos más importantes que presentan en la actualidad las Instituciones Educativas para alcanzar prácticas profesionales acordes a las necesidades de las sociedades que transitan cambios vertiginosos y constantes. Qué aprender y qué tipo de experiencias formativas se requieren para la construcción de un saber profesional capaz de dar respuesta a estos desafíos, es uno de las problemáticas que nos interpelan. Bajo estas consideraciones se han diseñado experiencias curriculares y extracurriculares para que los estudiantes de los Profesorados Universitarios de Biología, de Física, de Química y de Matemática de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata de la República Argentina, transiten escenarios múltiples de apropiación del conocimiento práctico profesional en diversidad de contextos. Pretenden promover una permanente articulación entre teoría y práctica entendida como reflexión sistemática, crítica y situada. El presente trabajo relata los puntos de partida, los propósitos planteados y distintas experiencias implementadas que fueron pensadas para enriquecer la formación de la práctica profesional docente de los estudiantes de los profesorados mencionados.
An easy-to-use baseline scoring system to predict response to peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis B in resource-limited settings
Authors: Lampertico Pietro , Messinger Diethelm , Oladipupo Hameed , Bakalos Georgios , Castillo Marco , Asselah Tarik 
Published: July 2018

Background Approximately one-third of patients have durable responses after finite (48-week) treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a. The ability to identify patients likely to respond would be particularly useful in resource-limited settings. Methods Data from 1,363 peginterferon alfa-2a recipients (955 hepatitis B ‘e’ antigen [HBeAg]-positive and 408 -negative) in six studies were analysed. Baseline scoring systems were developed using generalized additive models and multiple logistic regression analysis to predict virological response (VR; HBV DNA <2,000 IU/ml), alone or combined with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization (CR) at 24 weeks post-treatment. Results Based on the final models, points were assigned for age ≥45 (0) or <45 years (1); male (0) or female (1); hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) >25,000 (0), >7,500-≤25,000 (1), >1,250-≤7,500 (2) or ≤1,250 IU/ml (4); HBV DNA >5 (0) or ≤5 log10 IU/ml (2) and ALT ratio >1-7 (0) or either ≤1 or >7 (1). Higher total scores (range 0-9) indicate higher likelihood of response. VR and CR rates were 28.5% (388/1,363) and 24.4% (332/1,363), respectively, and increased with increasing score: score 0-1 ( n=257), VR 14.8%, CR 12.8%; score 2-3 ( n=711), VR 23.1%, CR 20.1%; score ≥4 ( n=395), VR 47.1%, CR 39.5%. Conclusions An easy-to-use baseline scoring system for use in settings where HBeAg status and HBV genotypes are unavailable would allow clinicians to identify patients with a low or high chance of achieving a durable post-treatment response to peginterferon alfa-2a. The tool can be used to inform treatment decisions in resource-limited settings.
Is cytomegalovirus a risk factor for haemorrhagic cystitis in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients?
Authors: Atilla Erden , Yalciner Merih , Atilla Pinar Ataca , Ates Can , Bozdag Sinem Civriz , Yuksel Meltem Kurt , Toprak Selami Kocak , Gunduz Mehmet , Ozen Mehmet , Akan Hamdi , Demirer Taner , Arslan Onder , Ilhan Osman , Beksac Meral , Ozcan Muhit , Gurman Gunhan , Topcuoglu Pervin 
Published: July 2018

Background Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is usually a serious complication in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. In this study, our aim was to define risk factors and outcomes for patients with HC in an allo-HSCT setting. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 249 allo-HSCTs performed between 2011 and 2016 in our centre. Results HC was diagnosed in 98 patients (39%) at a median of 119 days (range 5–580) and 91 (93%) of the patients had late onset disease. In univariate analysis, HC was related to cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation ( P<0.001) and BK viraemia ( P<0.001); in multivariate analysis, the presence of CMV reactivation was determined to be an independent risk factor (odds ratio: 22.1; 95% CI 1.73, 282.44; P=0.017). There was no association detected between acute graft versus host disease and patients diagnosed with HC within 100 days of transplant. HC was significantly increased by the presence of myelo-ablative conditioning (odds ratio: 31.28; 95% CI 3.98, 246.87; P=0.001) and BK viraemia (odds ratio: 3.93; 95% Cl 1.10, 14.05; P=0.035) in patients with HC grade II and beyond. Forced hydration was recommended in all patients with grade I HC. Patients with HC and clots were treated with continuous bladder irrigation, and 14 of 44 patients with BK viraemia received cidofovir ± ribavirin. Eight of these patients (57%) responded to treatment. Refractory HC was detected in 17 patients (17%) and resolved by a variety of procedures. Conclusions This study suggests that CMV reactivation is associated with increased risk of HC in multivariate analysis, however, this result is not confirmed in patients with HC grade II and beyond.
Mapping Marine Biodiversity: Using Open Source GIS Tools to Visualise and Extract Collection Data
Authors: Wood Brent , Mills Sadie , Robbins Jane 
Published: July 2018

The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in Wellington manages one of New Zealand’s Nationally Significant Taxonomic Collections and Databases. The NIWA Invertebrate Collection (NIC) maintains data for over 125,000 (and growing) marine invertebrate specimens from over 46,000 localities in New Zealand, the Ross Sea portion of the Antarctic and the wider South West Pacific. This data is managed using a Specify Software database. NIC managers are often requested to provide large data extracts from specific regions of the New Zealand zone for a variety of uses, from biodiversity checklists of benthic protected areas, to the environmental impact assessment of commercial activities on areas of seabed.
Using a built-in query to extract relevant records based on geographic coordinates is straightforward for data constrained in a single square box, but requests for data are usually from within multiple polygons and require significant data grooming and refining once extracted to become useful. Using the open source GIS program Quantum-GIS (QGIS), we present a flexible and generic approach to map based access to collection databases. A direct OpenGIS Simple Features Reference Implementation Virtual Data Source (OGRVRT) link from the Specify database into QGIS was established so that a user can visualise the entire current collection holdings on a map. As changes are made to object data or new records are added these will update instantly on the map, which assists with immediate validation of data and prevents the need to re-export data. Collection object data fields can be added as required and labelled differentially to visualise patterns, and the data can either be exported to a file from selected areas using map tools, or can be used to produce publication quality maps. This is an ideal collection management tool for mapping and visualisation, which will improve the accuracy, access and use of the data.
Collections Management from the Public Floor; Exhibit Registrars and Preparators Fight against Light, Dust and the Public
Authors: Palaima Lindsay 
Published: July 2018

In thinking about collections management and assessing collection risk, it is easy to think of the collections division and the research staff. However, when an institution places a research specimen or object on public display, the exhibits staff become the frontline collections-care personnel. At the California Academy of Sciences, after a specimen leaves the collection storage in the research division, it is the Exhibit Registrars and the Preparators that take on the due diligence of safeguarding and protecting the specimen.
The objective of this talk is to highlight the challenges and successes of protecting research collections on the public floor, from the perspective of a non-traditional collections department. While the agents of deterioration, such as light, water, and pests, are the same no matter where a specimen is, it is now the public-facing staff checking in on the objects. This talk will share the tools the California Academy of Sciences Exhibits Department deploys in monitoring case and gallery environmental conditions, the challenges of the building facilities and staffing in providing consistent protection of collections on display, and the critical inter-departmental relationships necessary to successfully safeguard specimens on public view, and building-wide.
Unexpected Faults: Managing Entomology Collections through the 2010/11 Canterbury Earthquakes
Authors: Marris John , Vink Cor 
Published: July 2018

On 4 September 2010, a 7.1 magnitude earthquake struck near Darfield, 40 kilometres west of Christchurch, New Zealand. The quake caused significant damage to land and buildings nearby, with damage extending to Christchurch city. On 22 February 2011, a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck Christchurch, causing extensive and significant damage across the city and with the loss of 185 lives. Years on from these events, occasional large aftershocks continue to shake the region.
Two main entomological collections were situated within close proximity to the 2010/11 Canterbury earthquakes. The Lincoln University Entomology Research Collection, which is housed on the 5th floor of a 7 storey building, was 27.5 km from the 2010 Darfield earthquake epicentre. The Canterbury Museum Entomology Collection, which is housed in the basement of a multi-storeyed heritage building, was 10 km from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake epicentre. We discuss the impacts of the earthquakes on these collections, the causes of the damage to the specimens and facilities, and subsequent efforts that were made to prevent further damage in the event of future seismic events. We also discuss the wider need for preparedness against the risks posed by natural disasters and other catastrophic events.
De la ontología del género femenino y las estrategias de la mascara-de en la obra de Marvel Moreno : conflictos de identidad y violencia de la representación en Colombia
Authors: L. Natalia Vélez 
Published: July 2018

Este artículo indaga al ser del género femenino, tal como es evidenciado en el discurso literario de la autora colombiana Marvel Moreno. Recurro a Lacan y su concepción sobre las prácticas significantes expuestas en el simbolismo del lenguaje, articulado por la ley paterna, y las diferencias de sexo y género según su dimensión cultural. Esta ontología indaga al “ser” -del Falo-, sentido que consiente la ley, según el cual la diferencia sexual es ininteligible. El “ser” o “tener” el Falo, anuncian posiciones sexuales imposibles dialécticamente. Moreno trabaja esta concepción en las representaciones del lenguaje masculinizado de disyunción binaria, entre “ser” y “tener”, mediadas por el poder del sexo dominante y la represión (mascara-de) constituyente del sujeto femenino. Sostengo que estas representaciones discursivas de la dialéctica “ser”-“tener”, enmarcan la paradoja del desarrollo de la sociedad colombiana de los años noventa : la consagración de los derechos fundamentales en la Constitución de 1991, acompañada del recrudecimiento de la violencia política y un aumento en los índices de conflictos socioculturales ; la violencia de representación y la incorporación jerárquica del “yo” sobre los otros. Esta violencia representacional, antecede y acompaña procesos identitarios de subculturas “extremas”, necesitadas de manifestarse a través del conflicto armado.
Les mots du « peuple » dans le Calepino
Authors: Charlet-Mesdjian Béatrice , Ferradou Carine 
Published: July 2018

Cet article étudie d’un point de vue lexicologique et sémantique les mots latins correspondant à la notion de peuple : gens, natio, plebs, populus, proletarii, turba et vulgus dans le dictionnaire plurilingue de Calepino, à travers quatre éditions-témoins représentatives de ses divers lieux d’impression et de la période concernée (XVIe-XVIIIe s.) : Lyon, 1578 (sept langues) ; Bâle, 1584 (huit langues) ; Paris, 1606 (huit langues) ; Padoue, 1752 (sept langues).