bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Butaphosphan and Cyanocobalamin on the Metabolic Profile, Oxidative Stress and Prophylaxis of Ovine Pregnancy Toxemia
Authors: Iqbal Raja , Beigh Shafayat Ahmad , Nisar Mehak , Mir Abdul Qayoom , Hussain Syed Ashaq , Dar Aijaz Ahmad , Muhee Amatul 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to evaluate the effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin (BC) on the metabolic profile, oxidative stress in Kashmiri merino ewes and its effect on the prophylaxis of Ovine pregnancy toxemia (PT). A total of 48 ewes were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of 16 ewes. High dose BC (HBC): Ewes were given 0.2 mL BC/kg body weight, subcutaneously (SC) weekly from 6 weeks pre‐lambing to lambing. Low dose BC (LBC): Ewes were given 0.1 mL BC/kg body weight, SC weekly from 6 weeks pre‐lambing to lambing. No BC (CON): Ewes were given 0.2 mL normal saline/kg body weight, SC. Weekly from six pre‐lambing to lambing. A significant effect of treatment was observed on non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA; p = 0.06), beta hydroxybutyric acid (β‐HBA, p = 0.008), fructosamine (p = 0.034) and oxidative stress indices (OSI; p = 0.026) with less NEFA, β‐HBA, OSI and more fructosamine levels in HBC followed by LBC. The BC did not affect glucose, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total antioxidant capacity, calcium and phosphorus however a significant difference was observed along the sampling time in all the three groups. Plasma triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and total oxidant status levels showed a significant treatment‐time interaction. Taking 0.8 mmol/L β‐HBA as the cutoff limit for subclinical PT, only HBC was able to significantly control PT at 3 weeks pre‐lambing (OR; 5.57; p = 0.035), at 2 weeks pre‐lambing (OR: 9.53; p = 0.007), at 1‐week pre‐lambing (OR: 6.60; p = 0.017) and at lambing (OR: 5.57; p = 0.035). In conclusion, there was a positive effect of BC treatment on the energy metabolism in pregnant ewes and it helped in the amelioration of oxidative stress and hence can be used in the prophylaxis of PT.
Children's drawings as an interpretive response to a gamified narrative with augmented reality: the case of Towards the South Pole
Authors: Neira‐Piñeiro María del Rosario , Camblor‐Pandiella Begoña , López‐Bouzas Nerea , del‐Moral‐Pérez M. Esther , Castañeda‐Fernández Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDrawing is an ideal technique to understand children's responses to fictional narratives, including digital ones. In this case, a gamified narrative with augmented reality (AR), based on a picturebook, was designed and used in an intervention in 8 Early Childhood Education classrooms (N = 113), aimed at enhancing their literary competence. This paper analyses the visual responses of the participating students after the intervention, reflected in their drawings and complemented with individual interviews. The methodology is mixed: (a) qualitative, analysing the content of the drawings, and taking into account the narrative‐interpretive and gamification dimensions, through an instrument designed ad hoc; (b) quantitative, through the statistical treatment of the collected data. The results show the predominance of informative and emotional responses, which reveal the understanding of the narrative. Most of the children draw the characters that sparked their interest and recreate key scenes from the story. Drawings emphasise the narrative aspects, and to a lesser extent refer to the game mechanics (challenges and rewards). Finally, it is confirmed that the gamified narrative with AR has the capacity to generate emotional responses and promote the immersion of students in the story and the game.
A dynamic neural network model for the identification of asbestos roofings in hyperspectral images covering a large regional area
Authors: Gubiani Donatella , Sgrazzutti Giovanni , Basso Massimiliano , Viero Elena , Tavaris Denis , Foresti Gian Luca , Scagnetto Ivan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAsbestos has been used extensively in several applications. Once it is known as a dangerous mineral, its usage has been prohibited and its identification and remediation play a very important role from the health safety point of view. Nowadays, deep learning techniques are used in many applications, especially for image analysis. They can be used to significantly reduce the time and cost of traditional detection methods. In this paper, taking advantage of asbestos spectral signature, a deep neural network is introduced in order to implement a complete methodology to identify asbestos roofings starting from hyperspectral images in a regional context. The novelty of the proposed approach is a dynamic mixing of models with different features, in order to accommodate classifications on widespread areas of both urban and rural territories. Indeed, the dataset used during the experiments described in this paper is a large one, consisting of many wide hyperspectral images with a geometric resolution of 1 m and with 186 bands, covering an entire region of approximately 8,000 . This is in contrast to other works in the literature where the analyzed areas are limited in size and uniform for physical features.
Mistletoes have higher hydraulic safety but lower efficiency in xylem traits than their hosts
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Bing , Huang Xian‐Yan , Corrêa Scalon Marina , Ke Yan , Liu Jing‐Xin , Wang Qin , Li Wen‐Hua , Yang Da , Ellsworth David S. , Zhang Yong‐Jiang , Zhang Jiao‐Lin 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Both mistletoes and their hosts are challenged by increasing drought, highlighting the necessity of understanding their comparative hydraulic properties. The high transpiration of mistletoes requires efficient water transport, while high xylem tensions demand strong embolism resistance, representing a hydraulic paradox.
This study, conducted across four environments with different aridity indices in Yunnan, China, examined the xylem traits of 119 mistletoe–host species pairs.
Mistletoes showed lower water use efficiency, indicating a more aggressive water use. They also showed lower hydraulic efficiency (lower vessel diameter and theoretical hydraulic conductivity) but higher safety (lower vulnerability index and higher conduit wall reinforcement, vessel grouping index, and wood density) compared with their hosts, supporting the trade‐off between efficiency and safety. Environmental variation across sites significantly affected xylem trait comparisons between mistletoes and hosts. Additionally, the xylem traits of mistletoes were strongly influenced by host water supply efficiency. The overall xylem trait relationships in mistletoes and hosts were different.
These findings stress the impact of host and site on the hydraulic traits of mistletoes, and suggest that mistletoes may achieve high transpiration by maintaining high stomatal conductance under low water potentials. This study illuminates the distinctive adaptation strategies of mistletoes due to their parasitic lifestyle.
Recommender systems use in weight management mHealth interventions: A scoping review
Authors: de Castro Bianca A. , Levens Sara M. , Sullivan Margaret , Shaw George 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThe use of recommender systems in mobile health apps for weight control has grown, but user app uptake and engagement remain limited. The objective of our scoping review was to explore the influence of recommender systems on mHealth app user engagement, identify the theoretical frameworks that have been applied on digital health interventions designed for weight management, and examine the key aspects that support tailoring user engagement through recommender systems. Based on existing literature, we identified 13 articles on recommender systems for weight management. Themes emerged, including theoretical underpinnings, authors' domain knowledge, user motivation, and design. Most studies used constructs from the social cognitive theory. We found inconsistencies between authors' domain knowledge and the intervention's content, with few professionals from the health and psychology fields. Only 46% of articles measured user engagement, whereas gamification and tailored messages were common app features. Despite some positive weight change results, more attention is needed toward implementing behavior theory and other strategies to promote app user engagement. Future studies should more accurately measure user motivation and identify the best features and behavioral constructs to increase app user interaction. Larger studies with a more diverse population are needed to generalize findings and evaluate weight loss maintenance and physical activity habits among users of recommender system.
Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant as Successful Curative Therapy for IL10RB Mutation‐Associated Very Early Onset IBD
Authors: Grotra Rohan , Karri Padma Sagarika , Gupta Aditya , Malik Rohan , Gupta Aditya Kumar , Meena Jagdish Prasad , Seth Rachna 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInflammatory bowel diseases are complex chronic disorders with a relapsing–remitting course that affect the gut due to dysregulated immune response. The incidence of these disorders is increasing globally along with an increase in the incidence in pediatric population. Very early onset inflammatory bowel diseases are seen in children with age less than 6 years, where monogenic causes predominate. With the advent of next‐generation sequencing methods, these disorders are being diagnosed more. Interleukin‐10 receptor mutation‐associated inflammatory bowel diseases is one such monogenic disorder where immunosuppression shows poor response.MethodsWe report the case of an 8‐month‐old child of Indian origin who presented with severe enterocolitis and rectovaginal fistulas. She was evaluated on lines of a very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. She was found to have a mutation in the interleukin‐10 receptor causing severe enterocolitis. She underwent a diversion colostomy. She was admitted at 25 months of age for the hematopoietic‐stem‐cell‐transplant (HSCT). The conditioning regimen used consisted of busulfan, fludarabine, and anti‐thymocyte‐globulin (ATG). The child received a 10/10 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched from a matched‐unrelated adult female donor with bone marrow stem cell product at a dose of 5.6 million CD34+ cells per kg.ResultsShe was treated successfully by a matched unrelated donor HSCT. At present, she is 2 years and 4 months posttransplant and is cured.ConclusionsEarly recognition and prompt genetic testing can help in diagnosing and establishing the cause of a very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease caused due to interleukin‐10 receptor mutations can be cured by HSCT.
Assessing the Impact of Financing on SMEs' Innovation in China
Authors: Hu Bing , Onwachukwu Chinedu Increase , Yan Isabel Kit‐Ming , Zhang Weikang , Shang Shuanghe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the effects of formal and informal financing on the innovation‐generating activities of small‐ and medium‐scale enterprises (SMEs) in China. While formal finance mainly includes loans from banks, informal finance includes loans obtained outside the banking system—loans based on personal relationships, loans from online loan providers, and other informal institutions. Our assessment of SMEs' innovation encompasses both the input and output of innovative activities as well as their involvement in the One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiatives. Substantial empirical evidence suggests that formal and informal finance propel SMEs to innovate. These findings are robust to alternative measures of innovation and formal and informal finance. To address endogeneity concerns related to formal financing, we utilize two instrumental variables: firms' capacity to provide collateral and governmental support in securing bank loans. Additionally, we demonstrate that increased investment in research and development (R&D) serves as a pathway through which financing influences and enhances SMEs' innovation pursuits.
Soil N‐related properties under soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivation as affected by different soil tillage systems and seasonal changes
Authors: Długosz Jacek , Piotrowska‐Długosz Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe reduction of soil tillage with the application of catch crop green mass in the form of a mulch is a conservation practice that is being used more and more frequently in agriculture to improve the functioning of the soil ecosystem by enhancing soil organic matter content and quality through improving soil biological activity and nutrient availability, and simultaneously reducing soil disturbance. Globally, conflicting results have been obtained with regards to the influence of various tillage methods on the soil environment under soybean cultivation. To date, only limited Polish studies have been conducted concerning the effect of reduced tillage on plant and soil properties under soybean cultivation, while as yet there are no national surveys concerning the strip‐till cultivation of soybean. Because of the growing interest in soybean cultivation in Poland, and also because of the limited and contradictory data concerning the influence of the various tillage systems (especially strip‐till) applied for soybean cultivation on plant yield and also on soil properties under the climatic condition of Poland, a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of three tillage methods (TMs) (conventional, CT; reduced, RT and strip‐tillage, ST) on the seed yield of soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merrill), some plant characteristics, N‐associated soil properties (mineral N content, the activity of urease, proteases and nitrate reductase) and some basic soil properties in a three‐year field experiment in the years 2017–2019. The study was conducted in a field, it was a one‐factor experiment and soil samples were collected five times a year: in April (before the sowing of soybean) and also in May, June, August and September (before soybean harvesting). In 2017, the average soybean seed yield was twice as high (2.42 t ha−1) as in the other 2 years (mean 0.87 t ha−1) and was significantly higher in CT than in RT or ST. Neither the TMs nor the sampling dates differentiated between the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen. Most of the N‐related properties (mineral N content and enzymatic activity) were highest in May and/or June. The RT increased the activity of proteases and nitrate reductase as well as mineral and microbial biomass N content when compared with CT and ST. In turn, the urease activity behaved differently and in 2017 and 2019 was significantly higher in CT, than in RT and ST tillage methods. In general terms, reduced tillage combined with plant residues return may be recommended for increasing inorganic N content as well as improving soil quality by enhancing microbial biomass nitrogen content and soil enzymatic activity.
Cytogenetic characterization of EPSPS gene amplification in glyphosate‐resistant Hordeum glaucum and Bromus diandrus from Australia
Authors: Islam Md Mazharul , Gill Bikram S. , Malone Jenna M. , Preston Christopher , Jugulam Mithila 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYAs a result of extensive selection, two polyploid grass weeds, Hordeum glaucum (northern barley grass; 2n = 4x = 28) and Bromus diandrus (ripgut brome; 2n = 8x = 56), have evolved resistance to glyphosate, in Australia. Previous research suggested amplification of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐Phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene confers resistance in these two weed species. The objective of this research was to investigate the genomic organization of the EPSPS gene in these two species through molecular cytogenetic analyses of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to understand possible mechanism of amplification of this gene. EPSPS copy number of H. glaucum and B. diandrus plants was estimated via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The susceptible plants of both species had one copy of EPSPS, whereas the resistant plants of H. glaucum and B. diandrus had 14–17 and 16–32 copies, respectively. FISH analysis of glyphosate‐susceptible (Hg‐RWS) H. glaucum, revealed four faint signals of the EPSPS gene in two pairs of homologous chromosomes, at the telomeric region. The glyphosate‐resistant H. glaucum (Hg‐YP1) also showed amplification of EPSPS gene at telomeric regions in two pairs of homologous chromosomes, but the signals were brighter and appeared as cluster of EPSPS genes. Similarly, the glyphosate‐susceptible B. diandrus (Bd‐S) plants showed faint signals of EPSPS gene on two homologous chromosomes, at the telomeric position. However, samples of two glyphosate‐resistant, B. diandrus, Bd‐SA988 and Bd‐Vic showed much brighter hybridization signals of EPSPS gene, located at the telomere on two homologous chromosomes, suggesting an increase in EPSPS gene copies at this position. Overall, unequal crossover during meiosis may have triggered the initial EPSPS gene duplication sparking the evolution of glyphosate resistance.
Incremental Deformations and Bifurcation of Elastic Solids Reinforced by Fibers With Intrinsic Extensional, Flexural, and Torsional Elasticity
Authors: McAvoy R. C. , Steigmann D. J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a model for incremental deformations of an elastic solid reinforced by a single family of fibers that offer resistance to extension, flexure, and torsion. The theory is cast in the setting of small-on-large deformations and provides a framework for the multiscale analysis of bifurcation of equilibria in fibrous composites. The model is based on a theory of three-dimensional Cosserat elasticity in which fiber kinematics are controlled by a rotation field that is weakly coupled to the bulk deformation through a pointwise fiber-materiality constraint. Fiber–matrix interaction forces are explicitly accounted for via the attendant Lagrange multipliers. We demonstrate the utility of the model by investigating the onset of bifurcation in an incompressible fiber-reinforced elastic half-plane. In particular, we study the influence of axial fiber stiffness, flexural stiffness, and fiber–matrix interaction forces on planar buckling modes. We envisage a model for the study of buckling problems of biological and industrial relevance with a view to gaining better insight into the roles of fiber bending, twisting, and fiber–matrix interaction forces in regulating the buckling of fibrous composites.
Path Generative Model Based on Conditional β-Variational Auto Encoder for Four-Bar Mechanism Design
Authors: Nurizada Anar , Lyu Zhijie , Purwar Anurag 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a novel methodology based on conditional β-variational autoencoder (cβ-VAE) architecture to generate diverse types of planar four-bar mechanisms for a given coupler curve. Central to our contribution is the novel integration of cross- and self-attention layers within the VAE framework, facilitating an encoding and decoding process that captures the complex interdependencies of mechanism parameters and associated coupler curves. We propose a unified representation scheme for four-bar mechanisms with both revolute and prismatic joints, utilizing a consistent set of joints to describe each mechanism type. To support and validate our methodology, we have compiled an extensive dataset featuring both open and closed coupler curves of the aforementioned mechanism types. Furthermore, the article introduces three metrics aimed at quantifying the efficacy of our model, alongside an innovative algorithm designed to enhance the predictive outcomes by identifying and computing cognate mechanisms.
Evaluating Thin-Film Thermocouple Performance on Additively Manufactured Turbine Airfoils
Authors: Berdanier Reid A. , Nunn Margaret R. , Brumberg Justin T. , Barringer Michael D. , Fishbone Scott , Thole Karen A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As gas turbine engine designs continue to target higher turbine entry temperatures for increased thermal efficiency, gas turbine manufacturers and operators require additional feedback from life-limited engine components. Moreover, additively manufactured (AM) hardware is becoming more prevalent in the engine development cycle to reduce component lead times and associated costs. Although additive manufacturing unlocks unique capabilities for sensor integration, the inherent roughness from additive surfaces poses unique challenges to the direct-write sensor installation processes. The current study addresses these realities by demonstrating sensor operation on additively manufactured vane hardware in a turbine research facility operating at scaled conditions. Thin-film thermocouples were deposited on fully-cooled AM turbine vanes and tested over a range of operating conditions in a one-stage research turbine at Penn State University. The low-profile surface-mounted sensors were compared with traditional small-diameter embedded thermocouples in terms of calibration accuracy and durability. A comparison between traditional masked thermal spray and direct-write installation was also evaluated as part of the sensor integration strategy for the AM vanes. Ultimately, this study shows that thin-film thermocouples on additively manufactured airfoils can operate reliably over an extended test campaign in rig-scaled conditions. Furthermore, the measurement accuracy of thin-film thermocouples demonstrated through this study is equivalent to traditional mineral-insulated thermocouple sensors showing the utility of these technologies for future turbine research and development applications.
A Fatigue Evaluation Approach for Graphite Core Components Using a Reduced Dataset
Authors: Cano Jaime A. , Wang Jasmine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Components manufactured from graphite are commonly used in nuclear fission reactor cores, where they are subjected to cyclic stresses, e.g., due to temperature changes during reactor start-up, shut-down, and load-following operations. Fatigue from cyclic stresses may result in a reduced load-bearing capacity and initial cracking of Graphite Core Components (GCCs). Therefore, fatigue must be evaluated to qualify GCCs. Paragraph HHA-3144 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section III Division 5 states that the graphite fatigue rules are in course of preparation. As such, there are neither formal requirements for testing nor a universal approach for the evaluation of GCCs. While a universal method to assess fatigue in GCCs may be difficult to define, this paper proposes an approach to evaluate a graphite grade used in High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor designs. By exclusively using the low cycle fatigue data from multiple stress ratios, a Modified Goodman Diagram is constructed, to evaluate the fatigue life to the full range of cycles (up to 106 cycles). This paper demonstrates that the approach is conservative and sufficient. Compared to previous approaches, this method requires a reduced fatigue test dataset, which is advantageous for designers as it is more time and cost-effective.