bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hollow glass microsphere/polybutadiene composites with low dielectric constant and ultralow dielectric loss in high‐frequency
Authors: Ren Ting , Wang Ruikun , Zhang Yang , Nie Shengqiang , Guo Shaoyun , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh‐frequency dielectric materials have been widely and rapidly applied in areas such as automotive radar, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing. Currently, the challenge in high‐frequency dielectric materials lies in reducing the dielectric constant (Dk) and dielectric loss (Df) without sacrificing its mechanical properties. This study addresses this challenge by introducing air, as the most common “low dielectric factor,” into the polymer matrix in the form of hollow glass microspheres. Meanwhile, the reactive vinyl groups were also introduced onto the surface of the hollow glass microspheres, enabling an interfacial chemical reaction between the side vinyl groups of polybutadiene and its surface so that the organic–inorganic interface compatibility and interface peel strength are simultaneously improved. Consequently, the minimum Dk of 1.29 and Df of 0.0012 in 3–18 GHz are achieved, and the interface peel strength also reaches 0.65 N/mm. Molecular dynamics simulations, analysis of dielectric properties, and interface peel strength reveal the influence of hollow glass microspheres' morphology and chemical structure on their high‐frequency dielectric performance and adhesive strength. This paper provides effective strategies for the structural design and preparation of high‐frequency, low‐dielectric composites, contributing to the further development of next‐generation microwave communication devices towards higher frequencies and faster information transmission.
Effects of oxidation‐induced aggregation structure transformation of aramid fiber on interfacial adhesion of epoxy resin
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Wei , Ma Jiahao , Lei Jingjing , Wang Ziyi , Yang Le 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe large‐scale pretreatment and efficient surface activation of aramid fibers (AFs) before composite fabrication remains a major challenge. In this study, we developed a heat treatment–induced surface modification method to change the reactive groups on AFs. Results indicated that the O/C ratio and the number of ester groups on the AFs as well as the surface morphology of the AFs could be flexibly controlled using the heat treatment–induced surface modification method. Furthermore, the surface oxidation mechanism of the AFs changed from point oxidation to surface oxidation during heat treatment. As the heat‐treatment time increased, the crystallinity and tensile strength of the AF monofilament considerably increased. An optimal heat‐treatment time of 30 min was provided considering that long‐time heating (>30 min) would destroy the surface molecular chains. Under this optimal heat‐treatment time, the number of ester groups reached the maximum, which enhanced the reactivity of the AFs in the epoxy resin matrix. The interfacial shear strength between the AFs treated for 30 min and epoxy resin microdroplet increased by 12.64%, reaching as high as 18.17 MPa. Moreover, the contact angle between the AF monofilament and epoxy resin droplet reached a minimum value of 54.7°. Furthermore, the thickness of the interfacial bond layer between the AFs and epoxy resin reached 50–60 nm. These results provide effective theoretical guidance for the large‐scale application of AFs in composite materials.
Imaging‐based profiling for elucidation of antibacterial mechanisms of action
Authors: Baranova Anna A. , Alferova Vera A. , Korshun Vladimir A. , Tyurin Anton P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this review, we aim to summarize experimental data and approaches to identifying cellular targets or mechanisms of action of antibacterials based on imaging techniques. Imaging‐based profiling methods, such as bacterial cytological profiling, dynamic bacterial morphology imaging, and others, have become a useful research tool for mechanistic studies of new antibiotics as well as combinations with conventional ones and other therapeutic options. The main methodological and experimental details and obtained results are summarized and discussed. The review covers the literature up to February 2024.
Self‐care in prevention of burnout amongst counselling professionals: A systematic literature review
Authors: Turner Malini , Rankine Robynne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThis paper sought to examine current application of self‐care to reduction and prevention of burnout amongst counselling professionals.Materials and MethodsA systematic approach to the literature across CINAHL, EBSCO, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) and Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation and Research type (SPIDER) were applied as strategic tools to paper inclusion. After the completion of selection process, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to examine the included papers and to narrow the study down to a total of 16 journal articles. Furthermore, thematic analysis revealed two superordinate themes: Factors contributing to burnout with total of five subthemes and actions contributing to self‐care with total of six subthemes.ResultsThe factors contributing to burnout had both personal and organisational origin, primarily based on lack of knowledge of burnout symptoms and reduced resources for applied self‐care. Furthermore, access to clinical supervision was not readily available, and self‐care concepts were not adequately implemented within the organisational context.ConclusionDespite the extensive research regarding the serious occupational repercussions of burnout amongst counselling professionals, the role of timely and appropriately applied self‐care has not been clearly established. Many counselling professionals were not aware of burnout signs and symptoms while self‐care was seen as optional exercise, applied either minimally or not at all. Holistic education on the effects of cognitive, emotional, physical and spiritual self‐care needs amongst the counselling professionals is necessary in prevention and reduction of burnout and should be further examined.
Flavonoid Based Development of Synthetic Drugs: Chemistry and Biological Activities
Authors: Nath Rajarshi , Manna Swarup , Panda Shambo , Maity Arindam , Bandyopadhyay Krishnalekha , Das Arijit , Khan Shah Alam , Debnath Biplab , Akhtar Md Jawaid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe toxicity associated with synthetic drugs used for treating various diseases is common. This led to a growing interest in searching and incorporating natural functional core structures such as flavonoid and their derivatives via chemical modifications to overcome the toxicity problems and enhance their biological spectrum. Natural core structures such as flavonoids are accepted due to their safety to the environment and owing to their varieties of biological activities such as anti‐Alzheimer, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetics, and antiviral properties. Based on their chemical structure, flavonoids are classified into various classes such as flavone, flavanol, flavanone, isoflavone, and Anthocyanin, etc. The present review focuses on the potential role of the flavonoid ring‐containing derivatives, highlighting their ability to prevent and treat non‐communicable diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cancer. The pharmacological activities of the flavonoid's derivatives are mainly attributed to their antioxidant effects against free radicals, and reactive oxygen species as well as their ability to act as enzymes inhibitors. The review covers the synthetic strategies of flavonoid derivatives, structure activity relationship (SAR), and in silico studies to improve the efficacy of these compounds. The SAR, molecular docking analysis will enable medicinal chemists to search further, develop potent and newer therapeutic agents.
Rewiring Lysine Catabolism in Cancer Leads to Increased Histone Crotonylation and Immune Escape
Authors: Besermenji Kosta , Petracca Rita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCrotonyl‐CoA (cr‐CoA) is a metabolite derived directly from the catabolism of lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp) or from the β‐oxidation of fatty acids. In glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), histone H4 crotonylation levels are significantly elevated, which appears to positively correlate with tumor growth. This increase in crotonyl‐CoA production is attributed to the overexpression of specific Lys transporters on the cell membrane, leading to higher free lysine levels. Additionally, the overexpression of glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH), the enzyme responsible for crotonyl‐CoA production, further contributes to this increase. When GCDH is depleted or under a lysine‐restricted diet, genes involved in type I interferon (IFN) signaling are upregulated, resulting in tumor growth suppression. Type I interferons are a group of cytokines critical for antiviral responses and immunoregulation. This highlights how cancer cells exploit crotonylation to modulate the immune response. This work opens up new avenues for investigating how cancer cells rewire their metabolism to increase crotonylation and evade the immune system.
Multicompartmentalized Micellar Structures by Gold Nanoparticles Grafted with Diblock‐Copolymer Ligands
Authors: Sebastian Marina , Fery Andreas , Nikoubashman Arash , Rossner Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the formation of hybrid polymer/inorganic colloidal particles with multicompartmentalized structure, comprising gold nanoparticles grafted with polystyrene‐block‐poly(methacrylic acid) (PSt‐block‐PMAA) diblock copolymer ligands, through experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The PMAA blocks segregate into small satellite‐like domains that are separated by the polystyrene spacer from the gold nanoparticle core. Dialysis against water leads to the re‐configuration of the formed structures into unique, kinetically trapped pinned‐micelle‐decorated nanoparticles with internal structure.
Aqueous Supercapacitor with Wide‐Temperature Operability and over 100,000 Cycles Enabled by Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Ali Zafar Zahid , Weisser Radim , Abbas Ghulam , Silhavik Martin , Kumar Prabhat , Červenka Jiří 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSupercapacitors are crucial in renewable energy integration, satellite power systems, and rapid power delivery applications for mitigating voltage fluctuations and storing excess energy. Aqueous electrolytes offer a promising solution for low‐cost and safe supercapacitors. However, they still face limitations in cycle life and wide‐temperature range performance. Here, we present a symmetric supercapacitor utilizing activated carbon electrodes and a “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte (WiSE) based on lithium perchlorate. The WiSE electrolyte exhibits an expanded electrochemical stability window, endowing the aqueous supercapacitor with remarkable stability and long cycle life of over 100,000 cycles at 500 mA g−1 with more than 91 % capacity retention. Moreover, the supercapacitor demonstrates good rate capability and wide temperature operability ranging from −20 to 80 °C. The use of high concentrations of salt in the aqueous electrolyte contributes not only to the enhancement of supercapacitor performance and cycle life but also to the temperature stability range, enabling all‐season operability.
One‐pot Hydrogenolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) to p–xylene over CuZn/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Mengting , Huo Zhaojing , Li Longqian , Ji Yi , Ding Tengda , Hou Guangjin , Song Song , Dai Weili 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChemical upcycling of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals is a promising strategy for resolving plastic pollution, but economically viable methods currently are still lacking. Here, we report one‐pot hydrogenolysis of PET plastic into p‐xylene with an excellent yield (99.8 %) over a robust non‐precious Cu‐based catalyst, CuZn/Al2O3, in the absence of alcohol solvents. The presence of Zn species promotes the dispersion of Cu0 and increases the ratio of Cu+/Cu0, whereas the synergistic effect of Cu0 and Cu+ leads to a superior performance in the conversion of PET. The combination of GC‐MS, 13C CP MAS NMR, 2D 1H‐13C CP HETCOR NMR spectroscopy and kinetic studies for the first time demonstrates 4‐methyl benzyl alcohol as an important reaction intermediate in the hydrogenolysis of PET. Mechanistic studies indicate that the conversion of PET mainly follows a hydrogenolysis process, involving the cleavage of ester bonds to alcohols and the C−O bond cleavage of alcohols to alkanes. This work not only brings new insight for understanding the upgrading pathway of PET, but also provides a guidance for the design of high‐performance non‐precious catalysts for the chemical upcycling of plastic wastes.
Molecular Evaluation of the Mating Dynamics of Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the Eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Slater Laura M. , Gaeuman William , Cheng Wei , Kruse Gordon H. , Habicht Christopher , Pengilly Douglas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSnow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) supports a valuable crab fishery that harvests large males. To better understand the potential impact of the presence of snow‐Tanner hybrids (C. opilio × C. bairdi) on snow crab mating dynamics, the maternal lineage of hybrids was evaluated using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Contrary to results from a previous study that indicated hybrids result only from crosses between Tanner crab (C. bairdi) males and snow crab females, results from this study showed hybrids result from bidirectional parental crosses. SNP and microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the species and number of males detected as mates in female sperm reserves acquired during mating and as sires among embryos in brooded clutches. The incidence of interspecies mating between female snow crab and Tanner crab or hybrid males was low (2%), suggesting interspecies mating is not currently a pressing fishery management concern. Most females had stored sperm from either a single mate (59%) or two mates (32%), which reflects fewer mates than observed for other snow crab populations. Few females were observed with either no stored sperm (5%) or sperm from three to four mates (4%). Single (82%) or dual (18%) paternity was found among embryos in brooded clutches. Sperm from some mates appeared to be fully utilized for fertilization of the brooded clutch for 35% of females. In contrast to findings for other snow crab populations, no significant differences were detected in the numbers of mates or sires between primiparous and multiparous females. The low extent of polyandry observed may suggest that female snow crab in the EBS have limited mating opportunities, potentially leading to insufficient sperm reserves to fertilize subsequent clutches without remating.
Long‐Term Maintenance of Complex Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism in Drosophila mediopunctata
Authors: Uno Fabiana , Rocha Felipe Bastos , Klaczko Louis Bernard 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNatural selection is known to favor specific gene combinations, thereby shaping the evolution of recombination rates, often through epistatic interactions. However, the dynamics of these interacting factors within natural populations remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the long‐term maintenance of a complex polymorphism involving linked, nonoverlapping chromosomal inversions in a natural population of Drosophila mediopunctata. Remarkably, even after 30 years—equivalent to roughly 340 generations—two major features have remained unexpectedly stable: the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between inversions, which deviates significantly from the theoretical prediction of decay, and a consistent seasonal cycle pattern of heterozygous excess and homozygous deficiencies. We explored the roles of recombination suppression, epistatic selection, and overdominance in maintaining this stability, examining their alignment with previously described patterns. Our findings reveal that moderate selection coefficients, such as s = 0.0407, are sufficient to maintain the observed LD for the most common haplotypes, albeit leading to an unstable equilibrium. Simulations further reveal that the introduction of overdominance stabilizes the system, enabling the long‐term persistence of this complex inversion polymorphism across various frequency scenarios. The stability of this system appears to hinge on a delicate balance between LD, recombination rates, and selective pressures, with overdominance playing a critical role. Our findings highlight the significance of epistatic interactions and selective pressures in shaping evolutionary pathways in natural populations and offer a compelling example of natural selection acting on a complex inversion polymorphism, providing valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics governing inversion systems.
Nonlinear Adaptive Neural Control of Power Converter‐Driven DC Motor System: Design and Experimental Validation
Authors: Nizami Tousif Khan , Gangula Sasank Das , Udumula Ramanjaneya Reddy , Chakravarty Arghya , Ahmad Fareed , Hosseinpour Alireza 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article presents an intelligent adaptive neural control scheme to track the output speed trajectory in power converter‐driven DC motor system. The proposed technique integrates an adaptive polynomial‐neural network with a backstepping strategy to yield a robust control system for output tracking in DC motor. Such a unification of online neural network‐based estimation and adaptive control, results in effective regulation of the output across a wide load torque uncertainties, besides yielding a promising transient and steady‐state performance. The stability of the entire closed‐loop system is ensured through Lyapunov stability criterion. The efficacy of the proposed strategy is revealed through an extensive experimental investigation under various operating points during start‐up, step‐reference tracking, and external step‐load torque disturbances. The real‐time experimentation is conducted on a laboratory prototype of power converter‐driven DC motor of 200 W, using dspace DS1104 control board with MPC8240 processor. The results obtained confirm an improvement in the transient response of the output speed by significantly reducing the settling time to and yielding a steady state behavior with no peak over/undershoots during load disturbances, in contrast to other similar works presented in the literature intended for same the application.
Exploring the Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of the Flavoured Virgin Olive Oil With Chavir Extract During Storage
Authors: Mousavi Seyedeh Akram , Nateghi Leila , Hosseini Elahesadat 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to study the impact of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht) Boiss (known as an antioxidant known as Chavir) extract, obtained through ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), on the physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of virgin olive oil (VOO) during a 90‐day storage period at room temperature. For this purpose, different concentrations of Chavir extract (100, 200 and 300 ppm) were added to VOO. Key parameters, including total phenol content (TPC), extract composition by HPLC‐DAD and quality indicators like acidity value (AV), p‐anisidine value (p‐AV) and UV indices (parameters: K232, K270 and ΔK), were determined. AVs increased overall during the storage period, but adding Chavir extract at 300 ppm appeared to counteract the rise in free fatty acids, suggesting a potential role in reducing hydrolysis. p‐AVs decreased in unflavoured and flavoured samples, indicating reduced oxidation in Chavir‐flavoured VOO. K232 values exhibited a decline in the presence of flavouring agents and their concentrations. In contrast, the values of K270 showed an increase over the storage period, which indicated the formation of aldehyde and ketones in the second oxidation step. All samples maintained ΔK values below permissible limits (≥ 0.01), signifying good stability. The sensory evaluation emphasised positive attributes such as bitterness, fruitiness and pungency, indicating the high quality of VOO. The addition of Chavir extract further enhanced all of these positive characteristics, particularly at the 300 ppm concentration. However, a gradual decline was observed in all these attributes over time. Notably, the Chavir extract played a crucial role in delaying the formation of secondary oxidation products, which contribute to negative attributes like rancidity in VOO. Moreover, adding Chavir extract increases oxidative stability, infuses the positive qualities in VOO and provides valuable insights into its potential applications for enhancing the overall quality of VOO during storage. This enhancement not only helps maintain high quality and nutritional value but also makes the product more appealing to consumers.
Tectonic Evolution and Sedimentary Responses of Palaeocene–Eocene Tethys Himalayan Foreland Basin in Southern Tibet
Authors: Yan Songtao , Ding Ailing , Zhu Lidong , Wang Jie , Li Hu , Dai Xuejian , Wei Yangchun , Huang Hao , Wu Qingsong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe tectonic evolution of the Palaeocene–Eocene Tethys Himalayan foreland basin plays a crucial role in reshaping the collisional orogenic process of the Yarlung–Tsangpo oceanic basin. However, studies examining the sedimentary response during the tectonic evolution of the foreland basin are lacking. In this study, through a detailed field investigation and analysis of Palaeocene–Eocene strata in the Tingri area, we clarified the evolution of the Tethys Himalayan tectonic regions and its sedimentary response. Carbon and oxygen isotopes, geochemistry and detrital zircon U–Pb dating demonstrated that the lower Palaeocene Jidula Formation and upper Palaeocene–lower Eocene Zongpu Formation were deposited in a coastal–shallow marine environment, with the detritus sourced from the northern Indian passive margin. The upper Eocene Pengqu Formation was deposited in a deltaic environment, with its detritus sourced from the Gangdese arc and the Yarlung–Tsangpo suture zone at the active continental margin. Combined with the nearshore subaqueous fan branch channel of the Jidula Formation and the slump deformation of the Zongpu Formation, the Palaeocene–Early Eocene southern Tethys Himalaya in the Tingri area was located in the forebulge of the peripheral foreland basin. The marine–continental interactive delta of the Pengqu Formation and its provenance from the Gangdese magmatic arc indicate that the Tingri area was situated in the foredeep of the peripheral foreland basin during the Late Eocene. The study provides valuable insights into the collisional orogenic processes between the Indian and Eurasian plates.