bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of neonatal seizures, perinatal risk factors for epilepsy and mortality after neonatal seizures in the province of Parma, Italy
Authors: Pisani Francesco , Facini Carlotta , Bianchi Elisa , Giussani Giorgia , Piccolo Benedetta , Beghi Ettore 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveInformation about the incidence of neonatal seizures (NS) is scarce. Previous studies relied primarily on a clinical diagnosis of seizures. This population‐based, retrospective study evaluated the incidence of electroencephalography (EEG)–confirmed seizures in neonates born in the province of Parma and the perinatal risk factors for mortality and epilepsy.MethodsAll neonates with suspected seizures or with medical conditions at high risk for seizures from the study area were recorded in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Parma University Hospital. NS were EEG confirmed. Perinatal risk factors for mortality and epilepsy after NS were evaluated with Cox’s proportional hazards models.ResultsIn a 13‐year period, 112 patients presented with NS: 102 newborns had electroclinical seizures (46 full‐term and 56 preterm), whereas 10 presented only electrical seizures. The incidence was 2.29/1000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87‐2.72), with higher rates in preterm neonates (14.28/1000 in preterm vs 1.10/1000 in full‐term infants). The incidence increased with decreasing gestational age (31‐36 weeks of gestation: 5.01/1000, 28‐30: 54.9/1000, and <28: 85.6/1000) and with decreasing birth weight (≥2500 g: 1.19/1000, <1000 g: 127.57/1000). Twenty‐eight patients (25%) died, 16 (14.3%) had a diagnosis of epilepsy, 33 (29.5%) had cerebral palsy, and 39 (34.8%) had a developmental delay. Among the perinatal risk factors considered, the multivariate analysis showed an association between a 5‐minute Apgar score of 0‐7 and etiology with increased mortality and between female gender and status epilepticus with epilepsy.SignificanceThe incidence of NS is inversely associated with gestational age and birth weight. The etiology and a low Apgar score are strongly related to mortality; female gender and status epilepticus are risk factors for the development of epilepsy.
The role of trust and transparency in accountable outsourced prisoner transport
Authors: English L. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExplores the privatisation of prisoner transport in regional Western Australia. Focuses on the role collaboration plays in the development of transparency, trust and accountability in service delivery. Latent racism, the challenging physical environment, risks associated with unsuitable vehicles, uncaring contractors and ineffective departmental oversight contributed to transport failures. The complexity and scope of responsibilities, underfunding, poor departmental management, unresponsive contractors and the physical environment undermined the development of trust, transparency and accountability essential for building effective working relationships between government and contractors.
Balanced harvesting could reduce fisheries‐induced evolution
Authors: Law Richard , Plank Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCurrent fisheries management pays little attention to fisheries‐induced evolution. Methods of exploitation that have benefits in the short term while ameliorating selection in the longer term would therefore be advantageous. Balanced harvesting is a potential candidate. This tries to bring fishing more in line with natural production, and some short‐term benefits for conservation of aquatic ecosystems and for biomass yield have already been documented. It is also predicted to be relatively benign as a selective force on fish stocks, because it keeps the overall distribution of mortality relatively close to natural mortality. We test this prediction, coupling an ecological model of marine, size‐spectrum dynamics to an adaptive dynamics model of life history evolution. The evolutionary variable is the reproductive schedule, set by the maximum body mass and the mass at maturation. The prediction is supported by our numerical analysis: Directional selection under balanced harvesting is approximately an order of magnitude weaker than in a standard fishery in which fish experience a fixed rate of fishing mortality after recruitment. The benefit of balanced harvesting follows from relatively little fishing on large fish, due to the low somatic production rates the big fish have. These results therefore support the general argument for protecting big, old fish, both for ecological and for evolutionary reasons. Slot fisheries that protect large fish share some qualitative features with balanced harvesting and show similar evolutionary benefits.
Bioenergetic consequences of warming rivers to adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar during their spawning migration
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Eliason Erika J. , Havn Torgeir B. , Johansen Martin R. , Thorstad Eva B. , Cooke Steven J. , Diserud Ola H. , Whoriskey Frederick G. , Farrell Anthony P. , Uglem Ingebrigt 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Climate change poses a challenge to wild fishes, yet little is known about the behavioural use and metabolic consequences of thermally heterogeneous water encountered by wild salmon during their energetically demanding upstream spawning migration.

Temperature, body size and activity levels were modelled to predict energy depletion of salmon during their spawning migration in rivers. Archival temperature loggers revealed the thermal habitat of adult migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Salmonidae), which we used to apply bioenergetics models that estimated size‐dependent temperature‐driven metabolic expenditures as part of the costs of the migration.

Between July 16 and August 19, the mean water temperature experienced by salmon (tFISH) ranged from 11.5 to 18.0°C (14.5 ± 1.2 SD °C) and closely followed the ambient surface water temperature (tRIVER) of the river (11.5–18.5°C; 14.8 ± 1.4°C) such that the regression equation tFISH = 3.24 + 0.76 (tRIVER) was highly correlated with observations (R2 = 0.94).

Although temperature increases were predicted and confirmed to increase energetic costs, rates of energy depletion were more sensitive to changes in swimming speed and body size than to temperature increases in the range explored for this system.

We conclude that warming could contribute to changing life history phenotypes of salmon in some rivers, for example, delayed river entry or reduced probability of iteroparity, with potentially more dire consequences for smaller individuals.
A 3,000‐year lag between the geological and ecological shutdown of Florida's coral reefs
Authors: Toth Lauren T. , Kuffner Ilsa B. , Stathakopoulos Anastasios , Shinn Eugene A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe global‐scale degradation of coral reefs has reached a critical threshold wherein further declines threaten both ecological functionality and the persistence of reef structure. Geological records can provide valuable insights into the long‐term controls on reef development that may be key to solving the modern coral‐reef crisis. Our analyses of new and existing coral‐reef cores from throughout the Florida Keys reef tract (FKRT) revealed significant spatial and temporal variability in reef development during the Holocene. Whereas maximum Holocene reef thickness in the Dry Tortugas was comparable to elsewhere in the western Atlantic, most of Florida's reefs had relatively thin accumulations of Holocene reef framework. During periods of active reef development, average reef accretion rates were similar throughout the FKRT at ~3 m/ky. The spatial variability in reef thickness was instead driven by differences in the duration of reef development. Reef accretion declined significantly from ~6,000 years ago to present, and by ~3,000 years ago, the majority of the FKRT was geologically senescent. Although sea level influenced the development of Florida's reefs, it was not the ultimate driver of reef demise. Instead, we demonstrate that the timing of reef senescence was modulated by subregional hydrographic variability, and hypothesize that climatic cooling was the ultimate cause of reef shutdown. The senescence of the FKRT left the ecosystem balanced at a delicate tipping point at which a veneer of living coral was the only barrier to reef erosion. Modern climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances have now pushed many reefs past that critical threshold and into a novel ecosystem state, in which reef structures built over millennia could soon be lost. The dominant role of climate in the development of the FKRT over timescales of decades to millennia highlights the potential vulnerability of both geological and ecological reef processes to anthropogenic climate change.
The regulatory subunit phr2AB of Dictyostelium discoideum phosphatase PP2A interacts with the centrosomal protein CEP161, a CDK5RAP2 ortholog
Authors: Müller Rolf , Stumpf Maria , Wehrstedt Regina , Sukumaran Salil K. , Karow Malte A. , Marko Marija , Noegel Angelika A. , Eichinger Ludwig 
Published: August 2018

Abstractphr2AB is the regulatory subunit of the Dictyostelium discoideum phosphatase PP2A and is the ortholog of the human B55 regulatory subunit of PP2A. phr2AB was isolated as a binding partner of the centrosomal protein CEP161, an ortholog of mammalian CDK5RAP2. CEP161 is presumably a phosphoprotein and a component of the Hippo pathway. The interaction site was located in the N‐terminal half of CEP161 which encompasses the γTURC binding domain in CEP161. This binding domain is responsible for binding of the γ‐tubulin ring complex which allows microtubule nucleation at the centrosome. GFP‐tagged phr2AB is diffusely distributed throughout the cell and enriched at the centrosome. Ectopic expression of phr2AB as GFP fusion protein led to multinucleation, aberrant nucleus centrosome ratios and an altered sensitivity to okadaic acid. Some of these features were also affected in cells over‐expressing domains of CEP161 and in cells from patients suffering from primary microcephaly, which carried a mutated CDK5RAP2 gene.
The programme director and the Teaching Excellence Framework: How do we train the former to survive the latter?
Authors: Massie Ruth 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe programme director undertakes a key role within UK universities in linking the department, or school, directly with the student and their experience of the university. The role is multifaceted and complex with a number of competencies required to successfully undertake it. Furthermore, the UK’s Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) was fully introduced in 2016 and utilises existing measures such as student satisfaction, retention rates and destination of leavers as a proxy for teaching excellence. Many of these metrics are also part of the day‐to‐day concerns of programme directors within universities. This research surveyed 89 programme directors on the training they have received to carry out their role and how it links to the TEF outcomes. The article argues that there is insufficient training for programme directors and an increase in training may have a beneficial outcome for a university’s TEF results.
Micro‐computed tomographic evaluation of two single rotary glide path systems
Authors: van der Vyver P. J. , Paleker F. , Vorster M. , de Wet F. A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo compare (i) canal‐centring ability and transportation of K‐files, ProGlider and One‐G files after glide path preparation in curved root canals; (ii) changes in canal volume after glide path preparation, using micro‐computed tomography.MethodologyA total of 135 mesiobuccal root canals of maxillary molars were randomly divided into three glide path groups: (i) pre‐curved sizes 10‐15‐20 K‐files (n = 45); (ii) size 10 K‐file followed by One‐G (n = 45); and (iii) size 10 K‐file followed by ProGlider (n = 45). Micro‐CT was used to scan teeth before and after glide path preparation; the isotropic voxel size of the micro‐CT scans was 22 μm. Centring ratio values and canal transportation values were compared between the three glide path preparation groups at the apical, midroot and coronal levels. Changes in canal volume were compared for all glide path groups. The results were analysed statistically using a one‐way anova and Kruskal–Wallis H tests.ResultsOne‐G and ProGlider displayed significantly greater mean centring ratio values than K‐files at all levels examined (P < 0.05). Apical canal transportation values after glide path preparation were significantly higher for the K‐files (P < 0.05). At the midroot and coronal levels, canal transportation results were statistically similar for all glide path groups (P > 0.05). Changes in canal volume were statistically similar for the three glide path groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionOne‐G and ProGlider were significantly more centred at the apical, midroot and coronal levels than K‐files. Apical canal transportation ratio values after glide path enlargement were significantly higher for K‐files than for One‐G and ProGlider. All groups resulted in similar canal volume changes.
Ageing in the nursing workforce – a global challenge in an Irish context
Authors: Ryan C. , Bergin M. , White M. , Wells J.S.G. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe 2008 financial crisis exacerbated an already mounting workforce challenge faced by most health services in the western world, namely the recruitment and retention of qualified nurses.AimThis paper examines two additional challenges of relevance to workforce planning in health care, an ageing nursing workforce and reliance upon migrant nurses to solve short‐term workforce issues.MethodsUsing Ireland as a case exemplar of these issues, this paper argues that policy makers and service providers should seek not only to address the challenge of retaining trained newly qualified and younger nurses but also focus on supporting older nurses and migrant nurses to remain within the workforce.FindingsThe findings of this paper highlight the need for workforce planners, policy makers and service providers to take account of an ageing nursing workforce and reliance on foreign‐trained nurses as a solution to short‐term planning difficulties.ConclusionFailure to address this need is likely to lead to significant workforce difficulties for health services into the future and undermine current efforts to increase the number and long‐term retention of qualified nursing staff.Implications for Nursing PolicyPolicy makers and service providers should focus on the retention of trained older nurses as an important element of workforce planning.
Beam angle optimization in IMRT: are we really optimizing what matters?
Authors: Rocha Humberto , Dias Joana Matos , Ventura Tiago , Ferreira Brígida da Costa , Lopes Maria do Carmo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a modern radiotherapy modality that uses a multileaf collimator to enable the irradiation of the patient with nonuniform maps of radiation from a set of distinct beam irradiation directions. The aim of IMRT is to eradicate all cancerous cells by irradiating the tumor with a prescribed dose while simultaneously sparing, as much as possible, the neighboring tissues and organs. The optimal choice of beam irradiation directions—beam angle optimization (BAO)—can play an important role in IMRT treatment planning by improving organ sparing and tumor coverage, increasing the treatment plan quality. Typically, the BAO search is guided by the optimal value of the fluence map optimization (FMO)—the problem of obtaining the most appropriate radiation intensities for each beam direction. In this paper, a new score to guide the BAO search is introduced and embedded in a parallel multistart derivative‐free optimization framework that is detailed for the extremely challenging continuous BAO problem. For the set of 10 clinical nasopharyngeal tumor cases considered, treatment plans obtained for optimized beam directions clearly outperform the benchmark treatment plans obtained considering equidistant beam directions typically used in clinical practice. Furthermore, treatment plans obtained considering the proposed score clearly improve the quality of the plans resulting from the use of the optimal value of the FMO problem to guide the BAO search.
Living with dying: A narrative inquiry of people with chronic kidney disease and their family members
Authors: Molzahn Anita E. , Sheilds Laurene , Bruce Anne , Schick‐Makaroff Kara , Antonio Marcy , White Lacie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsTo describe how people diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and their family members describe uncertainty related to impending death.BackgroundThere has been little research about the experiences of people with chronic kidney disease and their family members as they near the end‐of‐life. We need to understand these experiences to give holistic person‐centred care.DesignA narrative enquiry was undertaken using a social constructionist perspective.MethodsData were collected in two in‐depth interviews, approximately 3–4 months apart, followed by a telephone follow‐up 2–3 months later.ResultsEleven people with advanced chronic kidney disease and nine family members/significant others participated. For both participants in the dyad, a number of key themes/storylines were identified. These included recognition that: @life has a boundary, living on the edge, I'm not afraid to die but… and remembering loss and death experiences@.ConclusionsThis enquiry illuminated four key storylines of about death and dying with advanced chronic kidney disease for people with the illness and their family members. Discussion about past experiences with illness, loss, death, and dying can give an entry for discussion about end‐of‐life. The person with illness and family members often held very similar perceptions and desires, but healthcare professionals’ contributions to understanding of the experience were not mentioned. Implications for clinicians include attending to peoples’ awareness of death as a distinct opportunity, listening attentively and posing questions that genuinely invite concerns and wishes about end–of‐life and living well.
Experiences of people living with disorders of sex development and sex reassignment: Meta‐ethnography of qualitative studies
Authors: Sani Abdurrahman Muhammad , Soh Kim Lam , Ismail Ismi Arif , Arshad Mohd Mursyid , Mungadi Ismaila Arzika , Yau Samira Labaran , Soh Kim Geok 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to synthesize the experiences of people with disorders of sex development.BackgroundThe quality of life of people with disorders of sex development depends largely on the availability of good psychosocial and psychosexual management. There is a lack of qualitative systematic reviews of the literature on the experiences of people with disorders of sex development.DesignThe seven steps of qualitative meta‐ethnography were employed in this review.Data SourcesThe following electronic databases were systematically searched until January 2017: Science Direct, Scopus, Sage online, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. Search terms for this review were “disorders of sex development,” “intersex,” “ambiguous genitalia,” “experiences,” “qualitative study,” and “method”.Review MethodA 13‐item scale was applied to evaluate the quality of the selected studies and synthesized using the principles of meta‐ethnography.FindingsTwelve studies met the eligibility criteria. Six major themes described the experiences of people with disorders of sex development. These included a range of physical, psychological, social, and sexual experiences which affect their quality of life. Different coping strategies were employed by individuals who live with the lifelong condition.ConclusionDisorders of sex development affect the quality of life of people living with these disorders. Nurses are tasked with providing holistic care for people with disorders of sex development in order to improve their quality of lives. As such, there is a need to explore the experiences of nurses in the management of disorders of sex development.
An empirical investigation into student's mathematical word‐based problem‐solving process: A computerized approach
Authors: Chadli Abdelhafid , Tranvouez Erwan , Dahmani Youcef , Bendella Fatima , Belmabrouk Karima 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study proposes a computer‐assisted system with a design based on Polya's problem‐solving model. The system is designed to help average and low‐achieving second graders in mathematics with word‐based addition and subtraction questions. The emphasis of using the specific model was on dividing the problem‐solving procedure into stages and the concentration on the stages that are problematic for students. Specifically, we compared mathematical word problem‐solving performance and computational skills of students who utilized the computer‐assisted system with students who employed general strategy instruction. Participants consisted of 52 second‐grade students randomly assigned to treatment conditions. Students were pretested and posttested with mathematical problem‐solving and computation tests, and repeated measures of their progress with respect to word problem solving were registered. The results showed there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the word problem‐solving progress measure, favouring the experimental group. This confirms that providing students with a computer‐assisted system offered the opportunity to explore all stages of the problem‐solving procedure as one possible way to enhance their problem‐solving skills.
Autophagy induces transforming growth factor‐β‐dependent epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in hepatocarcinoma cells through cAMP response element binding signalling
Authors: Hu Shaobo , Wang Liyu , Zhang Xi , Wu Yongzhong , Yang Jing , Li Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAutophagy promotes invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells through transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β‐dependent epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study investigated the mechanism by which autophagy induces TGF‐β‐triggered EMT and invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells. Autophagy was induced in HepG2 and BEL7402 cells by starvation in Hank's balanced salt solution. Induction of autophagy degraded phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4A and increased intracellular cAMP, PKA activity and PKA phosphorylation, resulting in increased cAMP response element binding (CREB) phosphorylation in hepatocarcinoma cells. Autophagy‐induced activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling further enhanced TGF‐β1 expression, downregulated the expression of epithelial markers and upregulated the expression of mesenchymal markers, accelerating invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells. Inhibition of autophagy by Atg3 and Atg7 knockdown or by chloroquine treatment prevented degradation of PDE4A and activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling, suppressing TGF‐β1 expression, EMT and invasion in hepatocarcinoma cells. In addition, inhibition of cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling also blocked autophagy‐induced TGF‐β1 expression and prevented EMT and invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells under starvation. Furthermore, exogenous inhibition of PDE4A or activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling rescued TGF‐β1 expression, EMT and invasion in autophagy‐deficient hepatocarcinoma cells. These findings suggest that autophagy induces TGF‐β1 expression and EMT in hepatocarcinoma cells via cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling, which is activated by autophagy‐dependent PDE4A degradation.