bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of ancient Chinese agricultural and water technology from 8000 BC to 1911 AD
Authors: Wu Shuanglei , Wei Yongping , Head Brian , Zhao Yan , Hanna Scott 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTechnology developments have made significant impacts on both humans and the environment in which they live. However, there is limited whole-of-system understanding of ancient technology development. This paper aims to uncover the evolutionary pattern of the ancient Chinese agricultural technology system that focused on land and water mobilisations from 8000 BC to 1911 AD. Our findings show that agricultural technology in China transitioned through an extremely slow, S-shaped pathway, increasing only ten fold in over 8000 years. The technology system was initially driven by tangible tools (40% of growth), then by technological theories and practices that contributed more than 50% of growth. Its development was spatially inclined to the Yellow River then to the Yangtze River region, where over 45% of technologies were developed. This study provides an empirical baseline for comparative studies between pre-industrial and industrial technologies. Greater understanding of the mechanisms of technology development will be required to reorientate technology development for present and future generations.
Examples of solution of the inverse scattering problem and the equations of the Novikov–Veselov hierarchy from the scattering data of point potentials
Authors: Agaltsov A. D. , Novikov R. G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The inverse scattering problem is considered for the two- dimensional Schrödinger equation at fixed positive energy. The results include inverse scattering reconstructions from the simplest scattering amplitudes. In particular, a complete analytic solution is given of the phased and phaseless inverse scattering problems for single-point potentials of Bethe– Peierls– Fermi–Zeldovich– Berezin–Faddeev type. Numerical inverse scattering reconstructions from the simplest scattering amplitudes are then studied using the method of the Riemann–Hilbert– Manakov problem in soliton theory. Finally, these numerical inverse scattering results are used to construct corresponding numerical solutions of the non-linear equations of the Novikov–Veselov hierarchy at fixed positive energy.
Bibliography: 21 titles.
Free products of groups are strongly verbally closed
Authors: Mazhuga A. M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In a number of recent papers it was established that many almost free groups, fundamental groups of almost all connected surfaces, and all groups that are nontrivial free products of groups with identities are algebraically closed in any group in which they are verbally closed. In the present paper we establish that any group that is a nontrivial free product of groups is algebraically closed in any group in which it is verbally closed.
Bibliography: 13 titles.
Impacts of protected areas vary with the level of government: Comparing avoided deforestation across agencies in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Herrera Diego , Pfaff Alexander , Robalino Juan 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceAs protected areas (PAs) are a leading conservation strategy, understanding what conditions affect their impacts is critical. We expect different government agencies to vary in their PA locations and management. We offer a test of whether PA impacts vary across agencies. For the Brazilian Amazon, we compare deforestation impacts for 3 types of agencies: federal indigenous lands, federal PAs, and state PAs. Across states within the “arc of deforestation,” internal PA impacts are higher for indigenous lands and federal PAs than for state PAs. In Pará State, federal agencies also have spillover impacts: Indigenous lands raise deforestation nearby, and federal PAs lower deforestation nearby. Agencies’ objectives and capacities affect impacts, and thereby are important considerations for implementing international environmental agreements.
Crumpling of silver nanowires by endolysosomes strongly reduces toxicity
Authors: Lehmann Sylvia G. , Toybou Djadidi , Pradas del Real Ana-Elena , Arndt Devrah , Tagmount Abderrahmane , Viau Muriel , Safi Malak , Pacureanu Alexandra , Cloetens Peter , Bohic Sylvain , Salomé Murielle , Castillo-Michel Hiram , Omaña-Sanz Brenda , Hofmann Annette , Vulpe Christopher , Simonato Jean-Pierre , Celle Caroline , Charlet Laurent , Gilbert Benjamin 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Silver nanowires are a type of novel fiber that are likely to have wide application in consumer electronics but that can also carry risk for cell internalization and toxicity. Here, we show that silver nanowire toxicity can be greatly diminished by reducing nanowire diameter without affecting device performance. X-ray microscopy and supporting studies revealed that endolysosome membranes can mechanically crumple thin silver nanowires, the likely mechanism for diminishing toxicity.
The optoelectronic microrobot: A versatile toolbox for micromanipulation
Authors: Zhang Shuailong , Scott Erica Y. , Singh Jastaranpreet , Chen Yujie , Zhang Yanfeng , Elsayed Mohamed , Chamberlain M. Dean , Shakiba Nika , Adams Kelsey , Yu Siyuan , Morshead Cindi M. , Zandstra Peter W. , Wheeler Aaron R. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
There is great interest in robotic systems that can substitute for humans and replicate human actions. “Microrobotics” describes robotic systems that have submillimeter (sub-mm) dimensions, which is becoming increasingly important for the manipulation and analysis of individual cells and groups of cells. Here we introduce the optoelectronic microrobot, a system in which projected patterns of light are applied to control electric fields. Specially designed microrobots respond to the fields, and can be programmed to move and “scoop up” mammalian cells or other sub-mm particles such that they can be isolated and evaluated independently. The technique is straightforward to implement, and we propose will find wide use for the ever-expanding list of applications that require micromanipulation of cells.
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)-like phase diagram with Efimov trimers and Cooper pairs in resonantly interacting SU(3) Fermi gases
Authors: Tajima Hiroyuki , Naidon Pascal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We investigate color superfluidity and trimer formation in resonantly interacting SU(3) Fermi gases with a finite interaction range. The finite range is crucial to avoid the Thomas collapse and treat the Efimov effect occurring in this system. Using the Skorniakov–Ter-Martirosian equation with medium effects, we show the effects of the atomic Fermi distribution on the Efimov trimer energy at finite temperature. We show the critical temperature of color superfluidity within the many-body T-matrix approximation. In this way, we can provide a first insight into the phase diagram as a function of the temperature T and the chemical potential μ. This phase diagram consists of trimer, normal, and color-superfluid phases, and is similar to that of quantum chromodynamics at finite density and temperature.
Quantum light source devices of In(Ga)As semiconductorself-assembled quantum dots
Authors: He Xiaowu , Song Yifeng , Yu Ying , Ma Ben , Chen Zesheng , Shang Xiangjun , Ni Haiqiao , Sun Baoquan , Dou Xiuming , Chen Hao , Hao Hongyue , Qi Tongtong , Huang Shushan , Liu Hanqing , Su Xiangbin , Su Xinliang , Shi Yujun , Niu Zhichuan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A brief introduction of semiconductor self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) applied in single-photon sources is given. Single QDs in confined quantum optical microcavity systems are reviewed along with their optical properties and coupling characteristics. Subsequently, the recent progresses in In(Ga)As QDs systems are summarized including the preparation of quantum light sources, multiple methods for embedding single QDs into different microcavities and the scalability of single-photon emitting wavelength. Particularly, several In(Ga)As QD single-photon devices are surveyed including In(Ga)As QDs coupling with nanowires, InAs QDs coupling with distributed Bragg reflection microcavity and the In(Ga)As QDs coupling with micropillar microcavities. Furthermore, applications in the field of single QDs technology are illustrated, such as the entangled photon emission by spontaneous parametric down conversion, the single-photon quantum storage, the chip preparation of single-photon sources as well as the single-photon resonance-fluorescence measurements.
Engaging with uncertainty and ambiguity through participatory ‘Adaptive Pathways’ approaches: scoping the literature
Authors: Bosomworth K , Gaillard E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Climate change adaptation planning demands decision-making under conditions of uncertainty and ambiguity. Adaptive Pathways (AP) planning is receiving increased attention as a method to guide adaptation planning in the face of uncertainties. The approach has been most extensively developed and applied in large, well-funded contexts such as the Thames Barrier and Dutch Delta program. However, the development of AP planning has focused much less on the parallel need for engaging with the challenge of ambiguity—that there are diverse, sometimes contending, knowledges, values, and stakes involved. A more nascent body of work has been exploring ways of engaging with both the uncertainties and ambiguities of adaptation through various participatory approaches to AP planning. This paper sought to synthesise insights from this emerging work. Examining the peer-reviewed and grey literature identified eight cases from four countries across five different policy issues that provided details of how they approached diverse participation. Analysis of this small suite of cases provided some key insights for those seeking to use participatory approaches to AP planning to engage with the inherent uncertainties and (arguably necessary) ambiguities of adaptation. The paper concludes with a call for greater publication of details regarding how participatory approaches to methods such as AP planning have been undertaken not just what was undertaken.
XPS analysis of char residue from an intumescent flame retardant rigid PU composite foam
Authors: Zheng Ting , Yang Linying , Dai Peibang , Qin Chang , Tang Qichen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A flame retarded rigid PU foam was prepared using polyols and diisocyanates with a modified intumescent flame retardant (MIFR) via polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether (surfactant TX-10). The MIFR included a new carbon source, calcium 3-hydroxy-2, 2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propyl phosphate. The carbon residue from the flame retardant rigid PU foams after UL-94 test was investigated with XPS. The data showed that the addition of MIFR into PU foams could promote formation of pure carbon char and P-C bond.
Computer simulation, analysis of force and temperature-speed parameters of the process of combined machining of Al-Mg-Sc alloys
Authors: Sidelnikov S B , Yakivyuk O V , Baranov V N , Konstantinov I L , Dovzhenko I N , Lopatina E S , Voroshilov D S , Samchuk A P , Frolov V A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The results of studies of the combined processing of alloys of the Al-Mg-Sc system with known rheological properties under various temperature-rate and deformation conditions are presented. A computer model of the combined machining process was created and the DEFORM 3D complex was used to analyze the metal flow, the distribution of the strain rate and the temperature of the metal over the cross section of the workpiece when receiving round bars of various diameters. The results of the research were used to develop the production technology of welding wire from alloys of the Al-Mg-Sc system.
Research on Optimization Design of Shipborne Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Frame Structure
Authors: Wang H , Yu RC , Chen YZ , Hua L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Display consoles are the core frame structure of the command and control system on the military combat unit, which can be called the “brain” of the equipment. With the great development of new research on materials and applications, using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) instead of aluminum alloys to fabricate the display console frame structure has become an international hot point. However, whether the components obtained by CFRP can meet the requirements of complex working conditions, and whether the structural design is reasonable, are still existing problems. This study analyzed the stress distribution of the bottom frame structure of CFRP display console under impact and vibration conditions. The frame structure was optimized based on the stress distribution and topology. The results show that the maximum stress value of the frame structure under complex conditions was 16.97MPa, the maximum stress after optimization was 22.94MPa. The reduction of weight of this complex structure was 13%. The prototypes have passed the actual working condition test. This study shows that the route method based on impact stress to optimize the wall thickness of CFRP structures is feasible and effective.
Effect of friction history of workpiece on friction behaviour in metal forming
Authors: Wang Z G , Kozakai Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the influence of friction histories of the specimen surface on frictional behaviour measured by a side-stretching type testing method under lubricated conditions with various loading and unloading patterns of the average contact pressure. The lubricant with lower viscosity has no lubricating effect and the influence of friction histories on frictional behaviour is hardly found. The lubricating effect of the lubricant with higher viscosity is recognized under higher pressures and the specimens with different friction histories give a little higher frictional stress. It is concluded that the influence of the friction history of the specimen surface on the friction law in metal forming is negligibly small.
Effect of Heat treatment on microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloy
Authors: Peng Lijun , Ma Jimiao , Liu Xingyu , Liu Feng , Huang Guojie , Hong Songbai , Xie Haofeng , Yang Zhen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the paper, the effect of different solution and aging treatment on microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloy is investigated in detail. The results show that the recrystallization, grain growth and second phase solubilization are observed during the continuous solution treatment on line of Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloy. When the Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloy is solutioned at 970 °C and speed of annealing is 10 m/min, aged at 500 °C for 8 h, 40 % cold roll and aged at 325 C for 12 h, it has the excellent comprehensive properties, which can meet the needs of high-end lead frame and connectors. The Disk-shaped precipitates have been confirmed as (Ni, Co)2Si phase. The crystal orientation relationship between matrix and precipitatesis[

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Impact of the pressure between the casting and water-cooled mode on the interfacial heat transfer coefficient under LPDC
Authors: Zeng Y D , Yao Q H , He L T , Zhang J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Low pressure die casting (LDPC) is the main method for aluminum alloy castings. In order to obtain no porous castings, a top-down progressive solidification is required. Owing to the complicated casting shape and the uneven wall thickness, it is difficult to achieve the above requirement, which limits the application of the method. The water-cooled mode, with controllable cooling capacity, can solve this problem, and great importance has been attached to the heat exchange between water-cooled mode and castings. In the present paper, the inverse solution method is adopted to study the influence of the casting mold/casting interface pressure and circulating water flow rate on the interface heat transfer coefficient (IHTC). The results show that the increasing interface pressure and the circulating water flow rate can lead to the highest IHTC of 781.6∼1002.4 W/(m2 ·K) and 1002.4∼1657.6 W/(m2 ·K) respectively. The calculation result of IHTC provides a basis for the design of low pressure casting with water-cooled mode.
Multifunctional Glass-Fiber Composite with Self-Monitoring Capability
Authors: Fabriani Federico , Previti Roberto , Lanzara Giulia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Composites that are capable to provide multiple functionalities represent a fundamental step toward the realization of light weight, high performing and autonomous materials. In this paper a piezoelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) electrospun fabric is investigated as sensing layer for making a self-monitoring composite material. The micro-scale structure of the fabric consists of an aggregation of micro-fibers that are randomly distributed forming a porous film that allows a full absorption of the epoxy matrix as required for multi-layered composites. The application of a force on the composite induces a charge separation within the atomic structure of the embedded PVDF fabric generating an electrostatic output voltage. These unique features allowed to continuously monitor vibrations under dynamic conditions.
Research on the steering gait and error of a novel type of heavy load Automated Guided Vehicle
Authors: Mucklow J , Jansson A , Zhang Yang , Xu Zhigang , Liu Songkai 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Automated Guided Vehicle is a kind of mobile robot Guided by vision, magnet, laser or tracking marks and cables on the ground. In the process of changing the driving direction, if the AGV is directly forced to flatten, the wheels will be “locked” in the force and unable to move, which will also cause damage to the driving system. Therefore, we adopt the way of steering in two or three sections to stabilize and overbalance, ensuring flexibility and safety.
MM-6mAPred: identifying DNA N6-methyladenine sites based on Markov model
Authors: Pian Cong , Zhang Guangle , Li Fei , Fan Xiaodan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Recent studies have shown that DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) plays an important role in epigenetic modification of eukaryotic organisms. It has been found that 6mA is closely related to embryonic development, stress response and so on. Developing a new algorithm to quickly and accurately identify 6mA sites in genomes is important for explore their biological functions.

Results
In this paper, we proposed a new classification method called MM-6mAPred based on a Markov model which makes use of the transition probability between adjacent nucleotides to identify 6mA site. The sensitivity and specificity of our method are 89.32% and 90.11%, respectively. The overall accuracy of our method is 89.72%, which is 6.59% higher than that of the previous method i6mA-Pred. It indicated that, compared with the 41 nucleotide chemical properties used by i6mA-Pred, the transition probability between adjacent nucleotides can capture more discriminant sequence information.

Availability and implementation
The web server of MM-6mAPred is freely accessible at http://www.insect-genome.com/MM-6mAPred/

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cephalometric outcomes of a new orthopaedic appliance for Class III malocclusion treatment
Authors: Martina Roberto , D’Antò Vincenzo , De Simone Vittoria , Galeotti Angela , Rongo Roberto , Franchi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Objective
To evaluate dental and skeletal effects of a new orthopaedic appliance for the treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients.

Material and methods
This retrospective cephalometric study was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a skeletal Class III malocclusion (4 males; 14 females; mean age 8.8 ± 1.5 years) treated with the Pushing Splints 3 (PS3) protocol. The control group consisted of 18 subjects (5 males; 13 females; mean age 9.1 ± 1.8 years) selected from a database of subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion. The cephalometric analysis was performed at the beginning (T0) and the end of the orthopaedic therapy (T1). Significant differences between the treated and control groups were assessed with independent samples t-test (P &lt; 0.05).

Results
In the PS3 group, the post-treatment cephalometric values showed a forward displacement of the maxilla, resulting in a statistically significant increase of the SNA angle. ANPg and Wits appraisal improved significantly compared with the control group. Lingual inclination of mandibular incisors and buccal inclination of the upper incisors were significantly increased in comparison with the control group. No significant differences were recorded for backward mandibular rotation.

Limitations
This study presents a short-term evaluation of the treatment and the use of a historical control group.

Conclusions
The PS3 was effective for the treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients, with favourable maxillary advancement and control of the vertical skeletal relationships.
Ablation of typical atrial flutter guided by the paced PR interval on the surface electrocardiogram: a proof of concept study
Authors: Madaffari Antonio , Krisai Philipp , Spies Florian , Knecht Sven , Schaer Beat , Kojic Dejan , Kühne Michael , Sticherling Christian , Osswald Stefan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to assess the novel concept of using the paced PR interval (PRI) on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) to prove trans-isthmus block after cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation for typical atrial flutter (AFl).

Methods and results
Consecutive patients with AFl underwent linear radiofrequency ablation of the inferior CTI (6 o’clock). After AFl termination and/or presumed completion of the CTI line, CTI block was proven by atrial pacing by the ablation catheter medial (5 o’clock) and lateral to the line (7 and 9 o’clock). Corresponding PRIs were measured on the surface ECG. CTI block was assumed, if a sudden increase in the PRI was observed by moving the pacing site from 5 to 7 o’clock, and if the latter was longer than at 9 o’clock. Afterwards, bidirectional CTI block was confirmed by differential pacing. Thirty-one patients (mean age 67 ± 16 years, 81% male) underwent CTI ablation, and 18/31 (58%) were in AFl at the time of ablation (cycle length 249 ± 31 ms). Successful CTI block as defined by the PRI method was achieved in 31/31 (100%), and the mean PRIs during pacing at 5, 7, and 9 o’clock were 203 ± 56 ms, 329 ± 70 ms, and 296 ± 66 ms, respectively. Cavotricuspid isthmus block was confirmed in all patients (100%) by coronary sinus pacing with a reversal of the local activation sequence lateral to the isthmus line.

Conclusion
The method of PRI analysis on the surface ECG to guide CTI ablation is easy to apply and highly accurate in confirming CTI block. This simple technique enables the novel concept of CTI ablation and proof of block with a single catheter.