bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 and Anti-Inflammation Effect of Macrolides in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Sun Xuejiao , Chen Lin , He Zhiyi 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a systematic inflammatory disease, and
smoking is an important risk factor for COPD. Macrolide can reduce COPD inflammation. However, the
inflammatory mechanism of COPD remains unclear and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Macrolide is complex
and not exactly known.

Methods:
We read and analysed thirty-eight articles, including original articles and reviews.

Results:
The expression of Nrf2 was lower in COPD patients and might have a protective role against apoptosis
caused by CSE-induced oxidative stress. Nrf2 may play an important role in COPD inflammation. Nrf2 is a key
factor in downstream of PI3K/Akt and is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
Therefore, PI3K/Akt pathway may play an important role in the activation of Nrf2 and COPD inflammation. Macrolide
reduces lung and systemic inflammation of COPD by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway.

Conclusion:
This review indicates that PI3K/Ak-Nrf2 may play an important role in COPD inflammation and
macrolides may reduce lung and systemic inflammation of COPD by regulating PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 pathway. However,
many crucial and essential questions remain to be answered. Further understanding of the mechanisms of macrolide
efficacy and PI3K/Akt-Nrf2-mediated inflammatory responses may provide a new clue for exploring COPD treatment
in the future.
Association of ATG7 Polymorphisms and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Risk
Authors: Wang Zhenlong , Tao Lei , Xue Yuquan , Xue Li , Wang Ziming , Chong Tie 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Kidney cancer is one of the most common cancers
worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) in autophagy-related gene are associated with the risk of kidney cancer.

Objective:
This study was undertaken to investigate the association of autophagyrelated
gene 7 (ATG7) polymorphisms with the risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
(ccRCC) in the Chinese Han population.

Methods:
A significant association was observed between allele A of rs6442260 and
ccRCC risk (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58-0.99, p = 0.039). Genetic model analysis
revealed that rs2606736 (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.95, p = 0.031) and rs6442260
(OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.90, p = 0.021) were associated with decreased risk of
ccRCC under recessive model. Age stratification analysis showed that rs2606736 (OR =
0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.98, p = 0.036) and rs6442260 (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-0.89, p =
0.014) were significantly decreased risk of ccRCC under the log-additive model in age > 55 years
old and ≤ 55 years old, respectively.

Results:
A significant association was observed between allele A of rs6442260 and
ccRCC risk (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58-0.99, p = 0.039). Genetic model analysis
revealed that rs2606736 (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.95, p = 0.031) and rs6442260
(OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.90, p = 0.021) were associated with decreased risk of
ccRCC under recessive model. Age stratification analysis showed that rs2606736 (OR =
0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.98, p = 0.036) and rs6442260 (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-0.89, p =
0.014) were significantly decreased risk of ccRCC under the log-additive model in age > 55 years
old and ≤ 55 years old, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study indicated that ATG7 polymorphisms (rs2606736 and
rs6442260) have a protective role for ccRCC risk. Further large sample size and
functional assays are needed to confirm our findings and reveal the role of ATG7
polymorphisms in ccRCC carcinogenesis.
Renal Innervation in Resistant Hypertension: A Review of Pathophysiology and Renal Denervation as Potential Treatment
Authors: Wilson Anthony L. , Gandhi Jason , Suh Yiji , Joshi Gunjan , Smith Noel L. , Khan Sardar Ali 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Advances in treatment and increased awareness have improved the prognosis
for many patients with hypertension (HTN). Resistant hypertension (RH) refers to a subset of
hypertensive individuals who fail to achieve a desired blood pressure (BP) despite concurrent use of
3 different classes antihypertensive agents, one being a diuretic, and proper lifestyle changes. The
prevalence and prognosis of RH are unclear owing to its heterogeneous etiologies, risk factors, and
secondary comorbidities. Previous research has provided evidence that increased renal sympathetic
nerve activity (RSNA) within the renal artery contributes to RH development. Renal denervation
(RDN) is a procedure that attempts to ameliorate the effects of heightened RSNA via ablation renal
sympathetic fibers. BP reductions associated with RDN may be attributed to decreased norepinephrine
spillover, restoration of natriuresis, increasing renal blood flow, and lowering plasma renin
activity. Early clinical trials perpetuated positive results, and enthusiasm grew exponentially. However,
recent clinical trials have called into question RDN's efficacy. Numerous limitations must be
addressed to discern the true effectiveness of RDN as a therapeutic option for RH.

Objective:
We aimed to review the current understanding of RH, the anatomy of renal arteries,
physiology of RH on renal arteries, anatomical pathways of the sympathetic involved in RH, RDN
as a treatment option, and all relevant clinical trials treating RH with RDN.

Methods:
We piloted a MEDLINE® database search of literature extending from 1980 to 2017, with
emphasis on the previous five years, combining keywords such as "resistant hypertension" and
"renal denervation."

Conclusion:
A plethora of information is available regarding heightened RSNA leading to RH.
RDN as a possible treatment option has shown a range of results. Reconciling RDN's true efficacy
requires future trials to increased sites of nerve ablation, standardized protocol, increased anatomical
understanding per individual basis, stricter guidelines regarding study design, increased operator
experience, and integrating the use of a multielectrode catheter.
Positive and Negative Effects of Antipsychotic Medication: An International Online Survey of 832 Recipients
Authors: Read John , Williams James 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Antipsychotic medication is currently the treatment of choice for psychosis, but
few studies directly survey the first-hand experience of recipients.

Objective:
To ascertain the experiences and opinions of an international sample of users of antipsychotic
drugs, regarding positive and negative effects.

Methods:
An online direct-to-consumer questionnaire was completed by 832 users of antipsychotics, from
30 countries – predominantly USA, UK and Australia. This is the largest such sample to date.

Results:
Over half (56%) thought, the drugs reduced the problems they were prescribed for, but 27%
thought they made them worse. Slightly less people found the drugs generally ‘helpful’ (41%) than found
them ‘unhelpful’ (43%). While 35% reported that their ‘quality of life’ was ‘improved’, 54% reported that
it was made ‘worse’. The average number of adverse effects reported was 11, with an average of five at the
‘severe’ level. Fourteen effects were reported by 57% or more participants, most commonly: ‘Drowsiness,
feeling tired, sedation’ (92%), ‘Loss of motivation’ (86%), ‘Slowed thoughts’ (86%), and ‘Emotional
numbing’ (85%). Suicidality was reported to be a side effect by 58%. Older people reported particularly
poor outcomes and high levels of adverse effects. Duration of treatment was unrelated to positive outcomes
but significantly related to negative outcomes. Most respondents (70%) had tried to stop taking the drugs.
The most common reasons people wanted to stop were the side effects (64%) and worries about long-term
physical health (52%). Most (70%) did not recall being told anything at all about side effects.

Conclusion:
Clinical implications are discussed, with a particular focus on the principles of informed consent,
and involving patients in decision making about their own lives.
Glacial Acetic Acid Catalyzed Synthesis, Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation of Benzodiazepines as Potent CNS Agents
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Verma Shweta , Kumar Sushil 
Published: March 2019

Background:Approach for green chemistry for chemical synthesis is found to be very efficient as it makes the reaction more easily, less tedious, maximize desired products and minimize by-products.Materials & Methods:Utilizing this approach 1, 5-benzodiazepines and its derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for skeletal muscle and antianxiety activity. 1, 5-benzodiazepine derivatives have attracted great attention due to its diversity of pharmacological activities and its application in heterocyclic synthesis and medicines. The target compounds were synthesized by first reacting o-phenylenediamine with acetophenone to yield 1, 5-benzodiazepines. In the next step the NH of 1, 5-benzodiazepines were chloroacetylated and then the chloro group was substituted with different anilines. The structures were confirmed on the basis of their TLC, IR, 1H NMR and CHN elemental studies. The physicochemical parameters were determined for BBB penetration through online software.Results:The Log P values of the compounds tested showed that compounds have the potential to be CNS active. The compounds were evaluated for the skeletal muscle relaxant activity and antianxiety activity. It was investigated that 1, 5-benzodiazepines derivatives possess significant differences between control group and treated group.Conclusion:Among these derivatives, the compound bearing chloro group possesses the highest skeletal muscle relaxant and antianxiety activity.
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) as Add-on Treatment in Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS): Retrospective Observational Study on 407 Patients
Authors: Schweiger Vittorio , Martini Alvise , Bellamoli Paola , Donadello Katia , Schievano Carlo , Balzo Giovanna D. , Sarzi-Puttini Piercarlo , Parolini Massimo , Polati Enrico 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic multifaceted disease characterized by
widespread pain, muscle stiffness, fatigue, unrefreshing sleep and cognitive disorders. To date, no
medication has been shown to significantly improve pain, associated symptoms and Quality of Life in
fibromyalgic patients.

Methods:
In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed data regarding 407 patients with
diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome who between 2013 and 2016 have been prescribed orally
ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide tablets (Normast® Epitech Group SpA, Saccolongo, Italy) regardless
of the concomitant pharmacological therapy (add-on treatment).

Results:
Regarding efficacy, in the 359 analyzed patients, the change over time in Visual Analogue
Scale pain score was statistically significant, ranging from 75.84 (±15.15) to 52.49 (±16.73)
(p<0.001). Regarding quality of life, the change over time in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire score
was statistically significant, ranging from 68.4 (±14.1) to 49.1 (±19.6) (p<0.001). In the treated population,
only 36 patients (13,7%) reported Adverse Events predominantly of gastrointestinal type
(diarrhea, dyspepsia, bloating, constipation, vomiting). Globally, 151 patients (57,63%) left the treatment
due to inefficacy.

Conclusion:
The results of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide treatment in this retrospective
analysis represent an important step for the development of a new and well-tolerated therapy for
fibromyalgia syndrome, mostly suitable for these patients who need long-term treatments. Further
methodologically stronger studies will be necessary to validate our observation.
Liraglutide Exerts Potential Anti-inflammatory Effect in Type 1 Diabetes by Inhibiting IFN-γ Production via Suppressing JAK-STAT Pathway
Authors: Zhao Yunjuan , Xie Yunliang , Li Wangen 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Type 1 diabetes is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Interferon γ plays a
critical role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Signal transducer and activator of transcription
transduces type I interferon cytokines in T cells, leading to Th1 cell differentiation and production of
interferon γ. Recent studies suggest that liraglutide reduces the plasma concentration of C-reative protein
in patients with type 1 diabetes and protects β cell function in the non-obese diabetic mouse.

Objective:
The study aimed to explore the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue on interferon γ
production and the underlying signaling pathway in vitro.

Methods:
Jurkat E6-1 cells were intervened with different concentrations of glucose and liraglutide
during different time periods. Protein was extracted from Jurkat E6-1 cells. The target proteins (total
and activated Janus kinase 2, signal transducers and activators of transcription 4 and interferon γ) were
detected by Western blot.

Results:
Glucose stimulates interferon γ expression and activates Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and
activators of transcription 4 signaling pathway in Jurkat E6-1 cells in a concentration and timedependent
manner. Under high glucose condition, liraglutide inhibits interferon γ expression and Janus
kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 4 signaling pathway in Jurkat E6-1 cells in a
concentration and time-dependent manner. The Janus kinase responsible for liraglutide-inhibited signal
transducers and activators of transcription 4 phosphorylation is Janus kinase 2, which is also required
for the interferon γ induction. Finally, we demonstrated that under high glucose condition, liraglutide
inhibits interferon γ expression via Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 4
signaling pathway in Jurkat E6-1 cells.

Conclusion:
Liraglutide inhibits Jurkat E6-1 cells to produce interferon γ via the Janus kinase/signal
transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway under high glucose condition, which implies
its potential in the immunoregulatory effect of type 1 diabetes.
PCAOB Form AP: Leveraging Information about Audit Personnel
Authors: Downey Denise H. , Rousseau Linette M. , Zehms Karla M. 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARY
The PCAOB's Form AP (audit personnel) includes the identity of the engagement partner, an indication of whether the audit report is dual-dated, and an indication of whether and to what extent other auditors participate in the engagement (in addition to the primary auditor). We review the nature of this information and prior literature relevant to audit partner identification, dual-dating, and involvement of other auditors as part of distributed audits, along with posing research questions and providing relevant instructional resources. Practitioners can use this information to garner insights from academic research on these important topics as they relate to their own audits. Academics can use this information to leverage the PCAOB's Form AP database in their research. Academics can also use the brief teaching resources to introduce the PCAOB's resources in this regard to students.
Sector-Specific and Spatial-Specific Multipliers in Indonesian Economy: World Input-Output Analysis
Authors: Muchdie Muchdie , Nurrasyidin M 
Published: March 2019

This article discusses on sectoral-specific and spatial-specific multipliers in Indonesian economy using 6-country-30 sector input-output tables for the year 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014. The result shows that firstly, in all years, there were 20 sectors with total output multipliers more than 2. Flow-on effects were higher than initial effects. These sectors should be prioritized if increasing of total output is the objective of Indonesian economic development as total output will be created with less intial efforts. Secondly, in the year of 2000, average percentage of multipliers occurred in own-sector was 56.23 per cent, and increase slightly in 2005 (57.38%) dan 2010 (58.93%), but decrease in 2014 (57.98%). Correlation between total output multipliers and percentage of multipliers occurred in other-sector was positive and very strong. The higher total output multipliers, the higher percentage of multipliers occurred in other-sector. Thirdly, in the year of 2000, average percentage of multipliers occurred in other-countries was 21.34 per cent and decrease slightly in 2005 (20.22%) and 2010 (18.14%), but increase in 2014 (20.55%). Correlation between total output multipliers and percentage of multipliers occurred in other-countries were positive and very strong. The higher total output multipliers, the higher multipliers occurred in other-countries.
„Practical Experience” Related to Crisis Communication During the Oil and Oil Products Shortage
Authors: Harazin Lukáš , Krulík Oldřich , Luža Oldřich , Krulíková Zuzana 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Oil security (not just oil shortages, but many other possible scenarios) are challenges for society, businesses, or government authorities. The public sphere is in a difficult situation: positive and proactive communication can cause a panic reaction to the public. The same pays for the strategy based on the „relativisation” of the situation. Based on examples of different „strategies” in this respect, the authors attempt to summarize their steps to illustrate the „least-bad” attitude towards this challenge. Individual states are under different conditions, regulatory systems are also different, and the same can be said about the nature of the respective nation.
New Approach of Assessing Human Errors in Railways
Authors: Hadj-Mabrouk Habib 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Inspired in particular by the works of Reason and Rasmussen and supported by application examples from the field of railway safety, the human error analysis approach proposed to improve the level of safety of rail transport systems involves three complementary levels. The first level of contextual analysis (before the accident) makes it possible to study the various factors favoring the production of the human error at the origin of the accident. The second cognitive level (during the accident) aims to identify the errors related to the human cognitive process involved in a given situation of insecurity. The third level of behavioral analysis (after the accident) focuses on evaluating the consequences of a wrong action in terms of damage to humans, the environment and the human-machine system. This article proposes an original methodological framework for the analysis, classification and evaluation of human errors involved in the safety of rail transport. The key factors taken into account in the analysis concern not only the inappropriate behavior of human operators involved in railway safety and risk management, but also the technical failures of the transport system and the operating and environmental conditions.
Application of Selected Method for Assessment of Self-Heating of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Veznikova Hana , Skrizovska Michaela , Filipi Bohdan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
One of the groups of materials that tend to self-combustion is vegetable oils. The amount of used oil used is currently increasing and thus the hazard of fires increases. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the tendency of oils for self-heating to minimize self-combustion. This article deals with assessment of the tendency of vegetable oils to self-combustion using two methods: Differential Mackey test and the method of thermal analysis. These methods evaluate the behaviour of oils during their heating. Thermal analysis using the Mettler-Toledo device was performed for oils without support and oils applied on the inert support. It was found that both methods are suitable for evaluation of the exothermic effect that occurs during oxidation of oils after their application on the solid supports. The obtained results of the analyses are the basis for mutual comparison of both way of measurement. Interpretation of these results is a contribution to increasing of safety during using oils.
Ergonomics as Instrument for Prevention Against Work Injury or Occupational Diseases
Authors: Koutny Petr , Bartlová Ivana 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Ergonomics as complex branch solves work of employee on concrete work place and follows up relationships between human, machine and work environment. Goal of ergonomics is achievement the most appropriate work environment and decreasing of work injuries and occupational diseases probability. This goal will be achievement by implementation of two instruments - process approach which is built on systematic approach and synergy effect of two basic principles technical and human which affect and affect and complement each other. A powerful tool for decreasing of work injuries and occupational diseases probability can be obtained with combination of process approach and synergy effect.
Automotive Industry in the Context of Industry 4.0 Strategy
Authors: Sinay Juraj , Kotianová Zuzana 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The emergence of cyber-physical systems encourages constant adaptation to the complex requirements of new systems, creating new requirements for businesses that must adapt their activity to change. The automotive industry is the decisive industry and the driving force behind the development of the Slovak economy. Changes that have occurred in the automotive industry are reflected in the high automation of processes, which is reflected in the need to change management, in particular the need for on-line automotive tracking.
Online Reading Resources Among EFL Students: Do They Promote Reading Habit?
Authors: Satriani Estika 
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study are to describe the EFL learners’ reading habit, the factors influence of reading habit, and the impact of the use Online Reading Resources on promoting students’ reading habit. 156 EFL learners FKIP- Islamic University of Riau involved as participants who read by using online reading resources. The study employed questionnaire, reading log, and interview intensively to collect the data. The results of analysis data from instruments were used in this study reflected that the use of online reading resources as a source of reading material has changed the reading habits of the learners, from conventional reading cultures into integrated the new technologies in reading process. There were 75% students already have got reading habit. It was significant increase than before. Besides that, online reading resources also provided positive changes for students who have low motivation in reading to be a fun reading activity. Supporting of teacher, parents, and environment help the learners establish their reading habit. The significant reason of learners get the reading habit was to complete the task. The result implies that the learners expected to read more and intensively to get the greatly reading habit. In conclusion, online reading resources are helpful to work the task, to get much information, and to improve learners’ knowledge in reading.