bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Division model‐based distortion correction method for head‐mounted displays
Authors: Xiao Xue , Zhang Lin , Lin Xiao , Zang Jinliang , Tan Xiaodi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a simple and efficient method for correcting the asymmetric and nonlinear geometrical distortion of a head‐mounted display (HMD). The method divides the object space into a number of quadratic triangular elements and applies a quadratic predistortion for each image section so that it can handle the distortion with any complex shapes caused by the decentering and tilted optics and improve the calibration accuracy. The errors introduced in the process of fabricating and assembling can also be eliminated. We investigated the use of a quadratic division model and two types of linear division models on an off‐axis HMD to correct the optical distortion. Experimental results demonstrated that the quadratic division model converged at a faster rate and produced higher accuracy over the typical linear model. The average root of mean square error (RMSE) after distortion correction was one pixel, and the maximum standard deviations in all rows and columns were 0.67 pixel and 0.57 pixel. In addition, the deformation continuity is maintained by using the quadratic element with connected midside nodes.
Value of Perfusion Parameters for Differentiating Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Metastasis With Hypervascularity and a Normal Hepatic Background on Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Lu Qing , Zhang Xiao‐long , Han Hong , Huang Bei‐jian , Ding Hong , Wang Wen‐ping 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo retrospectively evaluate the value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) perfusion parameters in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and metastatic liver tumors (MLTs) with hypervascularity.MethodsSixty‐seven HCCs and 55 MLTs with arterial homogeneous/heterogeneous hyperenhancement on CEUS imaging and a normal liver background were included in this retrospective study. Six CEUS perfusion parameters were compared between HCCs and MLTs with different sizes and HCC differentiations: rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time, wash‐out time (WT), maximum intensity (IMAX), and area under the curve (AUC). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was determined to compare the diagnostic efficacy of the parameters.ResultsThe RT, TTP, and WT were significant longer and the IMAX and AUC were significantly higher in HCCs than in MLTs. In distinguishing between HCCs and MLTs, the AUROC was highest for the WT (0.922; sensitivity, 85.1%; specificity, 89.6%); the AUC and IMAX had the second and third highest AUROCs (AUC: 0.855; sensitivity, 76.1%; specificity, 80.6%; IMAX: 0.827; sensitivity, 76.1%; specificity, 77.6%). The AUROC was lowest for the TTP and RT (TTP: 0.719; sensitivity, 70.1%; specificity, 61.2%; RT: 0.707; sensitivity, 67.2%; specificity, 65.7%). In HCCs, both the tumor size and degree of differentiation affected the IMAX, AUC, and WT. In MLTs, perfusion parameters were not influenced by the tumor size.ConclusionsIn HCCs and MLTs with hypervascularity and a normal liver background on CEUS imaging, various CEUS perfusion parameters, including IMAX, AUC, WT, RT, and TTP, differed significantly between tumor types. The WT may be the most useful parameter for differentiating between these tumors.
Comparison of the Ablation and Hyperechoic Zones in Different Tissues Using Microwave and Radio Frequency Ablation
Authors: Shi Jing‐wen , Huang Ying 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the differences between the ablation region and hyperechoic zones in microwave and radio frequency ablation of different tissues.MethodsMicrowave and radio frequency ablation were performed on fresh porcine muscle and liver with different power levels for 90 seconds. These 2 ablation methods were then performed on rabbit liver in vivo using 20 W for 60 seconds. The volumes of the ablation and hyperechoic zones were compared following different ablation methods.ResultsThe ablation zones were significantly greater than the hyperechoic zones (P < .05) with the same power and duration when using 2 ablation methods. The differences of the ablation and hyperechoic zones between muscle and liver tissues were significantly different (P < .05). The difference values of the ablation and hyperechoic zones were also significantly different (P < .05) using 2 ablation methods.ConclusionsThe hyperechoic zone may have underestimated the extent of ablation using a specified ablation time. In the same tissue, the hyperechoic zone could more accurately estimate the ablation zones using microwave ablation.
Clinical applications of three‐dimensional printing in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Hong Chris J. , Giannopoulos Andreas A. , Hong Brian Y. , Witterick Ian J. , Irish Jonathan C. , Lee John , Vescan Allan , Mitsouras Dimitrios , Dang Wilfred , Campisi Paolo , de Almeida John R. , Monteiro Eric 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesMedical three‐dimensional (3D) printing, the fabrication of handheld models from medical images, has the potential to become an integral part of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (Oto‐HNS) with broad impact across its subspecialties. We review the basic principles of this technology and provide a comprehensive summary of reported clinical applications in the field.MethodsStandard bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Registry for Randomized Trials) were searched from their inception to May 2018 for the terms: “3D printing,” “three‐dimensional printing,” “rapid prototyping,” “additive manufacturing,” “computer‐aided design,” “bioprinting,” and “biofabrication” in various combinations with the terms: “ptolaryngology,” “head and neck surgery,” and “otology.” Additional articles were identified from the references of retrieved articles. Only studies describing clinical applications of 3D printing were included.ResultsOf 5,532 records identified through database searching, 87 articles were included for qualitative synthesis. Widespread implementation of 3D printing in Oto‐HNS is still at its infancy. Nonetheless, it is increasingly being utilized across all subspecialties from preoperative planning to design and fabrication of patient‐specific implants and surgical guides. An emerging application considered highly valuable is its use as a teaching tool for medical education and surgical training.ConclusionsAs technology and training standards evolve and as healthcare moves toward personalized medicine, 3D printing is emerging as a key technology in patient care in Oto‐HNS. Treating physicians and surgeons who wish to stay abreast of these developments will benefit from a fundamental understanding of the principles and applications of this technology.Laryngoscope, 129:2045–2052, 2019
Impact of treating facilities’ type and volume in patients with major salivary gland cancer
Authors: Bollig Craig A. , Zitsch Robert P. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives/HypothesisInvestigate the relationship between facility volume and type on overall survival (OS) in patients with major salivary gland cancer undergoing surgical treatment.Study DesignRetrospective review of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) 2004–2015.MethodsThe NCDB was queried for patients with surgically treated major salivary gland cancer. The mean number of cases treated at each institution was calculated. High‐volume facilities (HVFs) were defined as the top 10% of centers. Univariate and multivariate propensity score‐matched analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of facility volume and type on OS.ResultsA total of 8,658 patients were analyzed. Distribution among facilities was highly skewed, with a median value of 1.38 cases/year (range, 0.11–23.25). On univariate analysis, treatment at HVFs was not associated with improved OS. However, there were significantly more patients with adverse clinical features treated at HVFs. Treatment at HVFs was associated with increased rates of concomitant neck dissections and lower rates of positive margins. In propensity‐score matched cohorts, OS was not significantly improved in patients treated at HVFs (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.979; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.879‐1.091) or academic/research institutions (HR: 0.914; 95% CI: 0.821‐1.018).ConclusionsRegionalization of care is occurring in patients with major salivary gland malignancies. Patients treated at HVFs had greater rates of adverse clinical features and more commonly underwent neck dissections, although adjuvant radiotherapy rates were similar between facility types. There was no apparent survival benefit to patients treated at HVFs or academic/research institutions, although there were lower rates of positive margins at HVF.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:2321–2327, 2019
Temporal dynamics of soil bacterial communities and multifunctionality are more sensitive to introduced plants than to microbial additions in a multicontaminated soil
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Du Nini , Zai Xiaoyu , Gao Xuee , Chen Weimin , Wei Gehong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSoil microbial communities are crucial for regulating the stability and degradation of contaminated land. However, the temporal response strategies of particular microbial groups to biotic introductions and their contributions to ecosystem functions and services (i.e., ‘multifunctionality’) in contaminated soils have yet to be investigated. Here, we present results from a 90‐day microcosm experiment aiming to evaluate the temporal changes in bacterial communities and functions in response to microbial and plant additions in a contaminated agricultural soil. In addition, we quantified the contributions of specific bacterial taxa with different response strategies over time to alterations in ecosystem multifunctionality in pollutant degradation (polyphenol oxidase) and the cycling of carbon (dehydrogenase), nitrogen (urease and available nitrogen), phosphorus (available phosphorus), and potassium (available potassium). Results showed that native bacterial communities exhibited strong resilience to the introduced microbial consortium and were altered by plant growth. Plant‐enriched bacterial taxa were located in the core and central positions of the co‐occurrence networks and had considerable influence on the other nodes. Plant growth substantially influenced soil multifunctionality, in a process driven by specific bacterial taxa with different response strategies. The more tolerant taxa contributed most to multienzyme activities, whereas the more affected taxa largely determined multinutrient levels in the soil. These results provide a new perspective in disentangling the roles of plant‐associated bacteria in the assembly of community interactions and ecosystem multifunctionality of contaminated agricultural soils.
Crosslinkable‐Chitosan‐Enabled Moisture‐Resistant Multilayer Gas Barrier Thin Film
Authors: Lazar Simone , Garcia‐Valdez Omar , Kennedy Emily , Champagne Pascale , Cunningham Michael , Grunlan Jaime 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChitosan‐based films exhibit good oxygen barrier that degrades when exposed to high humidity. In an effort to overcome this drawback, a multilayer nanocoating consisting of crosslinkable chitosan (CHQ) and poly(acrylic acid) [PAA] is deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using layer‐by‐layer assembly. Chitosan is functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate to introduce acrylic functionalities within the film. The deposited films are crosslinked using a free radical initiator and this crosslinking is confirmed by FTIR and reduced film thickness. A 10‐bilayer (BL) crosslinked CHQ/PAA film, which is only 165 nm thick, results in a 36× reduction of the oxygen transmission rate of PET at 90% relative humidity. To achieve these same results without crosslinking, a 15‐BL unmodified chitosan (CH)/PAA film, which is almost 5× thicker, must be deposited on PET. This environmentally friendly, transparent nanocoating is promising for food packaging or protection of flexible electronics, especially in high‐humidity environments.
A multidisciplinary approach to the clinical management of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Duis Jessica , van Wattum Pieter J. , Scheimann Ann , Salehi Parisa , Brokamp Elly , Fairbrother Laura , Childers Anna , Shelton Althea Robinson , Bingham Nathan C. , Shoemaker Ashley H. , Miller Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex neuroendocrine disorder affecting approximately 1/15,000–1/30,000 people. Unmet medical needs of individuals with PWS make it a rare disease that models the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to care with collaboration between academic centers, medical homes, industry, and parent organizations. Multidisciplinary clinics support comprehensive, patient‐centered care for individuals with complex genetic disorders and their families. Value comes from improved communication and focuses on quality family‐centered care.MethodsInterviews with medical professionals, scientists, managed care experts, parents, and individuals with PWS were conducted from July 1 to December 1, 2016. Review of the literature was used to provide support.ResultsData are presented based on consensus from these interviews by specialty focusing on unique aspects of care, research, and management. We have also defined the Center of Excellence beyond the multidisciplinary clinic.ConclusionEstablishment of clinics motivates collaboration to provide evidence‐based new standards of care, increases the knowledge base including through randomized controlled trials, and offers an additional resource for the community. They have a role in global telemedicine, including to rural areas with few resources, and create opportunities for clinical work to inform basic and translational research. As a care team, we are currently charged with understanding the molecular basis of PWS beyond the known genetic cause; developing appropriate clinical outcome measures and biomarkers; bringing new therapies to change the natural history of disease; improving daily patient struggles, access to care, and caregiver burden; and decreasing healthcare load. Based on experience to date with a PWS multidisciplinary clinic, we propose a design for this approach and emphasize the development of “Centers of Excellence.” We highlight the dearth of evidence for management approaches creating huge gaps in care practices as a means to illustrate the importance of the collaborative environment and translational approaches.
A novel fusion gene involving PDGFRB and GCC2 in a chronic eosinophilic leukemia patient harboring t(2;5)(q37;q31)
Authors: Iriyama Noriyoshi , Takahashi Hiromichi , Naruse Hiromu , Miura Katsuhiro , Uchino Yoshihito , Nakagawa Masaru , Iizuka Kazuhide , Hamada Takashi , Hatta Yoshihiro , Nakayama Tomohiro , Takei Masami 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) rearrangement has been reported in a number of patients with chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), B‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Here, we report a case of CEL carrying a novel fusion gene involving PDGFRB and GRIP and coiled‐coil domain containing 2 (GCC2).Patient and methodsA 54‐year‐old man presenting with a cough and dyspnea was diagnosed with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow revealed the presence of t(2;5)(q37;q31). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in the peripheral blood leukocytes revealed the presence of a split signal at PDGFRB gene. Imatinib treatment was effective, and disappearance of t(2;5)(q37;q31) in the bone marrow was confirmed after three months of imatinib therapy. Whole‐genome sequencing was performed in peripheral blood leukocytes collected before imatinib therapy.ResultsA novel fusion gene between exon 22 of GCC2 and exon 12 of PDGFRB was detected and the presence of GCC2‐PDGFRB was confirmed by PCR.ConclusionThis is the first case report demonstrating the GCC2 gene as a partner of PDGFRB in the pathogenesis of CEL.
Derived mammographic masking measures based on simulated lesions predict the risk of interval cancer after controlling for known risk factors: a case‐case analysis
Authors: Hinton Benjamin , Ma Lin , Mahmoudzadeh Amir Pasha , Malkov Serghei , Fan Bo , Greenwood Heather , Joe Bonnie , Lee Vivian , Strand Fredrik , Kerlikowske Karla , Shepherd John 
Published: January 2019

PurposeWomen with radiographically dense or texturally complex breasts are at increased risk for interval cancer, defined as cancers diagnosed after a normal screening examination. The purpose of this study was to create masking measures and apply them to identify interval risk in a population of women who experienced either screen‐detected or interval cancers after controlling for breast density.MethodsWe examined full‐field digital screening mammograms acquired from 2006 to 2015. Examinations associated with 182 interval cancers were matched to 173 screen‐detected cancers on age, race, exam date and time since last imaging examination. Local Image Quality Factor (IQF) values were calculated and used to create IQF maps that represented mammographic masking. We used various statistics to define global masking measures of these maps. Association of these masking measures with interval cancer vs screen‐detected cancer was estimated using conditional logistic regression in a univariate and adjusted model for Breast Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) density. Receiver operator curves were calculated in each case to compare specificity vs sensitivity, and area under those curves were generated. Proportion of screen‐detected cancer was estimated for stratifications of IQF features.ResultsSeveral masking features showed significant association with interval compared to screen‐detected cancers after adjusting for BI‐RADS density (up to P = 2.52E‐6), and the 10th percentile of the IQF value (P = 1.72E‐3) showed the strongest improvement in the area under the receiver operator curve, increasing from 0.65 using only BI‐RADS density to 0.69. The highest masking group had a 32% proportion of screen‐detected cancers while the low masking group had a 69% proportion.ConclusionsWe conclude that computer vision methods using model observers may improve quantifying the probability of breast cancer detection beyond using breast density alone.
Artifact correction in low‐dose dental CT imaging using Wasserstein generative adversarial networks
Authors: Hu Zhanli , Jiang Changhui , Sun Fengyi , Zhang Qiyang , Ge Yongshuai , Yang Yongfeng , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong 
Published: January 2019

PurposeIn recent years, health risks concerning high‐dose x‐ray radiation have become a major concern in dental computed tomography (CT) examinations. Therefore, adopting low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) technology has become a major focus in the CT imaging field. One of these LDCT technologies is downsampling data acquisition during low‐dose x‐ray imaging processes. However, reducing the radiation dose can adversely affect CT image quality by introducing noise and artifacts in the resultant image that can compromise diagnostic information. In this paper, we propose an artifact correction method for downsampling CT reconstruction based on deep learning.MethodWe used clinical dental CT data with low‐dose artifacts reconstructed by conventional filtered back projection (FBP) as inputs to a deep neural network and corresponding high‐quality labeled normal‐dose CT data during training. We trained a generative adversarial network (GAN) with Wasserstein distance (WGAN) and mean squared error (MSE) loss, called m‐WGAN, to remove artifacts and obtain high‐quality CT dental images in a clinical dental CT examination environment.ResultsThe experimental results confirmed that the proposed algorithm effectively removes low‐dose artifacts from dental CT scans. In addition, we showed that the proposed method is efficient for removing noise from low‐dose CT scan images compared to existing approaches. We compared the performances of the general GAN, convolutional neural networks, and m‐WGAN. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results, we concluded that the proposed m‐WGAN method resulted in better artifact correction performance preserving the texture in dental CT scanning.ConclusionsThe image quality evaluation metrics indicated that the proposed method effectively improves image quality when used as a postprocessing technique for dental CT images. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first deep learning architecture used with a commercial cone‐beam dental CT scanner. The artifact correction performance was rigorously evaluated and demonstrated to be effective. Therefore, we believe that the proposed algorithm represents a new direction in the research area of low‐dose dental CT artifact correction.
Chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy: Report of a case series
Authors: Thammongkolchai Thananan , Suhaib Omer , Termsarasab Pichet , Li Yuebing , Katirji Bashar 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionChronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy (CISMP) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) variant affecting both sensory and motor nerve roots without evidence of peripheral nerve demyelination.MethodsWe report a case series of 9 patients with CISMP, identified from 2 tertiary centers. Clinical, electrodiagnostic, and neuroradiologic features, and treatment responses, were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsPatients presented with sensorimotor deficits and hypo‐/areflexia, predominantly involving lower extremities. Three had cranial nerve involvement. Electrodiagnostic findings in all patients localized to roots proximal to dorsal root ganglia, without evidence of peripheral nerve demyelination. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed an albuminocytologic association. Eight patients exhibited gadolinium enhancement and thickening of multiple spinal nerve roots and/or cranial nerves. All patients demonstrated good responses to immunotherapies.DiscussionCISMP is similar to CIDP in many aspects, but lacks typical electrodiagnostic findings of peripheral nerve demyelination. It is important to recognize this unusual and treatable entity. Muscle Nerve 59:658–664, 2019
Decoupled epineurial and axonal deformation in mouse median and ulnar nerves
Authors: Sung Jaemyoung , Sikora‐Klak Jakub , Adachi Stephanie Y. , Orozco Elisabeth , Shah Sameer B. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionPeripheral nerves accommodate mechanical loads during joint movement. Hypothesized protective features include increased nerve compliance near joints and axonal undulation. How axons perceive nerve deformation is poorly understood. We tested whether nerves increase local axonal undulation in regions of high epineurial strain to protect nerve fibers from strain‐induced damage.MethodsRegional epineurial strain was measured near the elbow in median and ulnar nerves of mice expressing axonal fluorescence before and after decompression. Regional axonal tortuosity was quantified under confocal microscopy.ResultsNerves showed higher epineurial strain just distal to the medial epicondyle; these differences were eliminated after decompression. Axonal tortuosity also varied regionally; however, unlike in the epineurium, it was greater in proximal regions.DiscussionIn this study we have proposed a neuromechanical model whereby axons can unravel along their entire length due to looser mechanical coupling to the peri/epineurium. Our findings have major implications for understanding nerve biomechanics and dysfunction. Muscle Nerve 59:619–619, 2019