bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from the Radix Curcuma aromatica on H2O2-induced Damage in PC12 Cells
Authors: Liu Juxiang , Zhang Lianli , Liu Dan , Li Baocai , Zhang Mi 
Published: October 2018

Aim & Objectives: Curcuminoids are characteristic constituents in Curcuma, displaying
obviously neuroprotective activities against oxidative stress. As one of the Traditional Chinese
Medicines from Curcuma, the radix of Curcuma aromatica is also rich in those chemicals, but its
neuroprotective activity and mechanism remain unknown. The aim of the current study is to evaluate
the neuroprotective effects of extracts from the radix of C. aromatica (ECAs) on H2O2-damaged
PC12 cells.

Material and Methods:
The model of oxidative stress damage was established by treatment of 400
µM H2O2 on PC12 to induce cell damage. After the treatment of ECWs for 24 h, the cell viability,
LDH, SOD, CAT and GSH were measured to evaluate the neuroprotection of ECAs on that model.
The potential action mechanism was studied by measurement of level of ROS, cell apoptosis rate,
mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), morphologic change, the intracellular Ca2+ content
(F340/F380) and the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3. Additionally, the constituents from
tested extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS method.

Results:
Compared with a positive control, Vitamin E, 10 µg/ml of 95% EtOH extract (HCECA) and
75% EtOH extract (MCECA) can markedly increase the rate of cell survival and enhance the
antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, increase the levels of GSH, decrease LDH release and
the level of ROS, attenuate the intracellular Ca2+ overloading, reduce the cell apoptotic rate and
stabilize MMP, down-regulate Bcl-2 expression, up-regulate Bax and caspase-3 expression, and
improve the change of cell morphology. The chemical analysis showed that diarylheptanoids and
sesquiterpenoids are the major chemicals in tested extracts and the former were richer in HCECA
and MCECA than others.

Conclusions:
These findings indicated that the effects of HCECA and MCECA on inhibiting the
cells damage induced by H2O2 in PC12 are better than other extracts from the radix of C. aromatica,
and the active constituents with neuroprotective effects consisting in those two active extracts are
diarylheptanoids.
Nose to Brain Delivery of Galantamine Loaded Nanoparticles: In-vivo Pharmacodynamic and Biochemical Study in Mice
Authors: Sunena  , Singh Shailendra Kumar , Mishra Dina Nath 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Presence of blood brain barrier is one of the major hurdle in drug delivery to
brain for the treatment of neurological diseases. Alternative and more effective drug delivery approaches
have been investigated for the drug targeting to brain in therapeutic range.

Objective:
The present investigation was carried out to improve the galantamine bioavailability in brain
by intranasal drug delivery through thiolated chitosan nanoparticles and compared to nasal and oral
delivery of its solution using pharmacodynamic activity as well as biochemical estimation.

Methods:
Thiolated chitosan (modified) nanoparticles were fabricated using modified ionic gelation
method and intranasal delivery is evaluated by reversal of scopolamine induced amnesia and biochemical
estimation of acetylcholinesterase activity in Swiss albino mice brain. Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.)
was used to induce amnesia. Piracetam (400mg/kg, i.p.) was used as positive control. Mice were treated
with galantamine solution (4mg/kg) by oral and nasal route and formulated galantamine nanoparticles
(equivalent to 4mg/kg) by intranasal administration for 7 successive days and the results were compared
statistically.

Results:
Intranasal delivery of galantamine loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles was found significant
(p&lt;0.05) as compared to oral and nasal administration of its solution, by pharmacodynamic study
and biochemical estimation of acetylcholinesterase activity in Swiss albino mice brain.

Conclusion:
Significant recovery in amnesia induced mice model by intranasal administration of galantamine
loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles established the relevance of nose to brain delivery over
the conventional oral therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
The Association of Neuronal Stress with Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Dorsal Root Ganglion of in vivo and in vitro Models of Bortezomib- Induced Neuropathy
Authors: Yin Yiting , Qi Xin , Qiao Yuan , Liu Huaxiang , Yan Zihan , Li Hao , Liu Zhen 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The notion that proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) induced intracellular
oxidative stress resulting in peripheral neuropathy has been generally accepted. The association
of mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with intracellular
oxidative stress is ambiguous and still needs to be investigated. The activation of activating transcription
factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-hub gene which was upregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
neurons after different kinds of peripheral nerve injuries.

Objective:
To investigate a mechanism underlying the action of BTZ-induced intracellular oxidative
stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and ER stress via activation of ATF3.
</P><P>
Methods: Primary cultured DRG neurons with BTZ induced neurotoxicity and DRG from BTZ induced
painful peripheral neuropathic rats were used to approach these questions.

Results:
BTZ administration caused the upregulation of ATF3 paralleled with intracellular oxidative
stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and ER stress in DRG neurons both in vitro and in
vivo. Blocking ATF3 signaling by small interfering RNA (siRNA) gene silencing technology resulted
in decreased intracellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and ER
stress in DRG neurons after BTZ treatment.

This study exhibited important mechanistic insight into how BTZ induces neurotoxicity
through the activation of ATF3 resulting in intracellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell
apoptosis, and ER stress and provided a novel potential therapeutic target by blocking ATF3 signaling.
Lysine Malonylation Identification inE. coliwith Multiple Features
Authors: Xu Yan , Yang Yingxi , Wang Hui , Shao Yuanhai 
Published: October 2018

Motivation: Lysine malonylation in eukaryote proteins had been found in 2011 through high-throughput proteomic analysis. However, it was poorly understood in prokaryotes. Recent researches have shown that maonylation in E. coli was significantly enriched in protein translation, energy metabolism pathways and fatty acid biosynthesis.Results:In this work we proposed a predictor to identify the lysine malonylation sites in E. coli through physicochemical properties, binary code and sequence frequency by support vector machine algorithm. The experimentally determined lysine malonylation sites were retrieved from the first and largest malonylome dataset in prokaryotes up to date. The physicochemical properties plus position specific amino acid sequence propensity features got the best results with AUC (the area under the Receive Operating Character curve) 0.7994, MCC (Mathew correlation coefficient) 0.4335 in 10-fold cross-validation. Meanwhile the AUC values were 0.7800, 0.7851 and 0.8050 in 6-fold, 8-fold and LOO (leave-one-out) cross-validation, respectively. All the ROC curves were close to each other which illustrated the robustness and performance of the proposed predictor. We also analyzed the sequence propensities through TwoSampleLogo and found some peptides differences with t-test p<0.01. The predictor had shown better results than those of other methods K-Nearest Neighbors, C4.5 decision tree, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest. Functional analysis showed that malonylated proteins were involved in many transcription activities and diverse biological processes. Meanwhile we also developed an online package which could be freely downloaded https://github.com/Sunmile/ Malonylation E.coli.
QSAR Analysis of Selected Antimicrobial Structures Belonging to Nitro-derivatives of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Kawczak Piotr , Bober Leszek , Bączek Tomasz 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Nitro-derivatives of heterocyclic compounds were used as active agents against
pathogenic microorganisms. A set of 4- and 5-nitroimidazole derivatives exhibiting antimicrobial activity
was analyzed with the use of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) method. The study
included compounds used both in documented treatment and those described as experimental.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the common and differentiating
characteristics of the above-mentioned chemical compounds alike physicochemically as well as
pharmacologically based on the quantum chemical calculations and microbiological activity data.

Methods:
During the study PCA and MLR analysis were performed, as the types of proposed
chemometric approach. The semi-empirical and ab initio level of in silico molecular modeling was
performed for calculations of molecular descriptors.

Results:
QSAR models were proposed based on chosen descriptors. The relationship between the
nitro-derivatives structure and microbiological activity data was able to class and describe the antimicrobial
activity with the use of statistically significant molecular descriptors.

Conclusion:
The applied chemometric approaches revealed the influential features of the tested
structures responsible for the antimicrobial activity of studied nitro-derivatives.
Potential Impact of MicroRNA-423 Gene Variability in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jha Chandan K. , Mir Rashid , Elfaki Imadeldin , Khullar Naina , Rehman Suriya , Javid Jamsheed , Banu Shaheena , Chahal Sukh Mohinder Singh 
Published: October 2018

Aim: Studies have evaluated the association of miRNA-423 C>A genotyping with the susceptibility
to various diseases such cancers, atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease but the
results were contradictory. However, no studies have reported the association between miRNA-423
rs6505162 C>A polymorphism and susceptibility of coronary artery disease. MicroRNAs regulate
expression of multiple genes involved in atherogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the association of
microRNA-423C>T gene variations with susceptibility to coronary artery disease.

Methodology:
This study was conducted on 100 coronary artery disease patients and 117 matched
healthy controls. The genotyping of the microRNA-423 rs6505162C>A was performed by using
Amplification refractory mutation system PCR method (ARMS-PCR).

Results:
A significant difference was observed in the genotype distribution among the coronary artery
disease cases and sex-matched healthy controls (P=0.048). The frequencies of all three genotypes CC,
CA, AA reported in the patient’s samples were 55%, 41% and 4% and in the healthy controls samples
were 55%, 41% and 4% respectively. Our findings showed that the microRNA-423 C>A variant was
associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease in codominant model (OR = 1.96, 95 %
CI, 1.12-3.42; RR 1.35(1.05-1.75, p=0.017) of microRNA-423CA genotype and significant association
in dominant model (OR 1.97, 95% CI (1.14-3.39), (CA+AA vs CC) and non-significant association
for recessive model (OR=1.42, 95%CI=0.42-4.83, P=0.56, AA vs CC+CA).While, the A allele significantly
increased the risk of coronary artery disease (OR =1.56, 95 % CI, 1.03-2.37; p=0.035) compared
to C allele. Therefore, it was observed that more than 1.96, 1.97 and 1.56 fold increased risk of
developing coronary artery disease.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicated that microRNA-423 CA genotype and A allele are associated with
an increased susceptibility to Coronary artery disease.
Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity Assessment of a Standardized Polyherbal Preparation POL-6 in Rats
Authors: Sharma Lalit , Sharma Aditi , Gupta Girdhari L. , Bisht Gopal Singh 
Published: October 2018

Background:
A standardized polyherbal preparation (POL-6) containing six plant extracts
Hypericum perforatum, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Withania somnifera, Ocimum
sanctum and Camellia sinesis have good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory
activities. The present study was carried out to evaluate the safety profile of POL-6 through acute
and subacute oral toxicity models in Wistar rats.

Methods:
In acute safety evaluation, a single dose of 2000mg/kg of POL-6 was given orally to five
rats and was observed for 14 days. In subacute safety evaluation POL-6 at the doses of 250, 500 and
1000 mg/kg was given orally to the rats once a day for 28 days. The animals were observed for the
signs of toxicity and mortality during the study period.

Results:
In acute toxicity evaluation, POL-6 treatment did not show any toxic signs and mortality in
animals during the observation period. In subacute toxicity studies, no changes were seen in any of
the dose levels of POL-6 treatment during the total body weights, organ weights and hematobiochemical
parameters examination of the rats. No lesions were seen during the
gross/histopathological examination.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that administration of POL-6 for 28 days showed no significant
treatment generated toxic effects in the animals, hence it can be considered as non-toxic if it is ingested
in a time not greater than a month.
One-step Separation and Purification of Four Phenolic Acids from Stenoloma chusanum (L.) Ching by Medium-pressure Liquid Chromatography and High-speed Counter-current Chromatography
Authors: Li Tianyun , Dai Xiling , Li Yichen , Huang Guozheng , Cao Jianguo 
Published: October 2018

Background:Stenoloma chusanum (L.) Ching is a Chinese traditional medicinal fern with high total flavonoid and total phenolic content. Traditionally, phenolic compounds were separated by using column chromatography, which is relatively inefficient. </P><P> Objective: This study aims to use an efficient method to separate natural products from S. chusanum by Medium-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography (HSCCC).Methods:In the present research, firstly, a sample (2.5 g) from the dichloromethane extract of S. chusanum was separated by MPLC. Next, fraction P5 was purified by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (HEMWat) at a volume ratio of 2:4:1:4 (v/v/v/v). </P><P> Result: Four phenolic acids were obtained and their structures were identified by means of NMR and ESI-mass analysis. They were identified as: 1) protocatechuic acid (34 mg, purity 90.1%), 2) syringic acid (66 mg, purity 99.0%), 3) p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5 mg, purity 91.2%) and 4) vanillic acid (6 mg, purity 99.3%).Conclusion:The combination of MPLC and HSCCC is a high-efficiency separation method for natural products. This is the first report with regard to the separation of four phenolic acids in one step by MPLC and HSCCC from S. chusanum (L.) Ching.
Reseña histórica de la lucha indígena en Nicaragua. Los hechos más relevantes de la lucha indígena de 1973 a 1989, tanto en Nicaragua como en el exilio (Honduras y Costa Rica)
Authors: Comandante Coyote Santiago Benjamín 
Published: October 2018

La Reseña histórica de la lucha indígena en Nicaragua forma parte de un conjunto de documentos que fueron redactados por los asesores del Consejo Político de la Guerrilla Indianista Miskitu. Recogidos por uno de sus miembros, por Coyote (Santiago Benjamín), en dos extensos cuadernos, esos documentos están conformados tanto por las notas de los cursos destinados a los mandos políticos y militares de la guerrilla, como por borradores de peticiones a favor de la autonomía o como por las cartas dirigidas a las diferentes autoridades políticas y militares en el periodo de la guerra contra los sandinistas -1981-1989-, y durante la presidencia de Violeta Chamorro Barrios -1990-1996. El propio autor de los cuadernos los puso a mi disposición para que yo los consultara y transcribiera. Este conjunto heterogéneo, en realidad incompleto, de más de 200 páginas, es de un gran interés ya que nos permite la reconstitución de las actividades de los responsables políticos de la guerrilla indianista, como se indica, durante la guerra contra los sandinistas y a comienzos de la administración de Violeta Barrios de Chamorro. Los documentos adquieren una mayor relevancia puesto que los archivos del movimiento indianista Misurasata (Miskitu Sumu Rama Sandinista), o de las diferentes organizaciones guerrillas creadas después, fueron confiscados, perdidos, o bien destruidos deliberadamente, cuando los dirigentes de Misurasata fueron arrestados -19 y 20, febrero, 1981- por los miembros de la DOSE (Dirección General de la Seguridad del Estado): estos últimos robaron todos los documentos de la Organización; lo mismo hicieron los militares hondureños, en varias ocasiones, con los de las bases de la Contra conformada por miskitus que se habían instalado en Honduras. Los dirigentes guerrilleros, a su regreso a Nicaragua, viendo cómo se producían robos en sus instalaciones y por miedo a posibles represalias de los militares sandinistas, tomaron la decisión de quemar la mayor parte de los documentos que podían comprometerlos. Cierto es que aún existen documentos embuzonados por los dirigentes guerrilleros antes del regreso a Nicaragua, pero su acceso no es sencillo: por su pésimo estado de conservación, algunos de ellos simplemente se tiraron a la basura...; en estas condiciones, los dos cuadernos que ahora se analizan -pese a ser documentos incompletos y parciales- constitu­yen una verdadera mina para el investigador cuyo objetivo sea la historia reciente de los miskitus.
La relación con la muerte. Entre constantes antropológicas y especificidades contemporáneas
Authors: Hintermeyer Pascal 
Published: October 2018

A través de las reivindicaciones cualitativas actuales relativas al final de la vida y el rechazo tanto de la muerte prematura como de la muerte prolongada, trasparecen las constantes antropológicas de una muerte apacible, acompañada y ritualizada. Esas constantes siguen siendo referencias en nuestra época, que, no obstante, se interroga acerca de su capacidad para ponerlas en práctica y se abriga con el ideal de una muerte sin sufrimiento, exigencia común al desarrollo de los cuidados paliativos y de la eutanasia voluntaria.Abstract: Anthropological constants of a ritualized, assisted and peaceful death are still our references. The qualitative demands about the end of life and the reject of both premature and extended death are their present formulation. But the question remains to put them in practice. Our time is looking for the ideal of a death without suffering, a common demand of voluntary euthanasia and palliative care.Résumé : À travers les revendications qualitatives actuelles de la fin de vie et le double rejet de la mort prématurée et de la mort prolongée, transparaissent les constantes anthropologiques d’une mort paisible, accompagnée et ritualisée. Celles-ci servent encore de référence à notre époque qui s’interroge toutefois sur sa capacité à les mettre en pratique et se rabat sur l’idéal d’une mort sans souffrance, exigence commune au développement de l’euthanasie volontaire et des soins palliatifs.
Estimation rate of S. aureus and MRSA carriage in diabetic type-2 and effect of Aspergillus Gliotoxin on bacterial carriage in type-2 diabetes
Authors: Al-Aajem Burooj M. Razooqi 
Published: October 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem, S. aureus and MRSA are the most common bacteria isolated from ulceration of diabetic patients. The aim of the study was to estimation rate of S. aureus and MRSA carrier in diabetes type-2 and determine the antimicrobial effect of Gliotoxin on the previous bacterial carriage in type-2 diabetes. The study was conducted on 450 diabetics' patients, attended the outpatients clinic in Baquba Teaching Hospital, their ages ranged from 15-65years, with mean age of 36.15, and 150 healthy group, who were randomly selected, during the period from May 2016 to April 2017, patients were classified into two groups according to the type of diabetes, group1 included: 184 with type1-diabetes, and group2: included 266 with type2-diabetes, 97 patients with foot ulcers. Swabs were taken from anterior nares, toe and axillae for each diabetic patient type-2, identified based on standard bacteriological methods. Using the Kirby -Bauer method for detection the antibacterial effect of Gliotoxin. The results showed rates of the bacterial carriage in anterior nares of type-2diabetic patients without complications were (11.4%), (4.4%), respectively for S. aureus and MRSA, in type-2 diabetes with complications were (8.6%), (2.1%) respectively for S. aureus and MRSA. In the toe of type-2diabetic patients without complications were (6.7%), (2.5%) respectively for S. aureus and MRSA. In with complications were (9.2%), (5%) respectively. In the axillae of diabetic patients, type-2 without complications was (5.5%), (4.5%) respectively. Aspergillus fumigatusGliotoxin was effective against bacterial carriage in diabetes type-2 with the foot ulcer, for S. aureus inhibition diameter was (20.50, 16.40, 12.20) mm for different concentrations of Gliotoxin, to MRSA was (8.25, 6.1, 4.20) mm. Increasing rate of S. aureus and MRSA carrier in diabetic patient's type-2 which lead to a significantly increased risk of bacterial infections. Gliotoxin was effective as an antibacterial agent against S. aureus and MRSA in type-2diabetis with the foot ulcer.
On Î¸-Totally Disconnected and Î¸-Light Mappings
Authors: Jebur Ali Haider , Fadel Abass Huda 
Published: October 2018

In our research, we introduced new concepts, namely *and **-light mappings, after we knew *and **-totally disconnected mappings through the use of -open sets.
Many examples, facts, relationships and results have been given to support our work.
Lactic Acid Bacteria Biosurfactant Role That Isolated from Human Breast Milk in Inhibit Eyes Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: M.B. Muhsin Yusra , Z. Majeed Huda , Basim Mohammed Basam , A.A. Mohammed Salih 
Published: October 2018

Biosurfactants have a wide-range of applications due to their unique properties like specificity, not toxicity (from LAB) and relative ease of preparation. These properties hold promise of biosurfactants to increase breast milk benefit were isolated and described into Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum ,Lactococcuslactis, and Leuconostocmesenteroides.The degree of microbial destruction of disease, which promotes the effective remediation of disease spreading.This paper presents a review of available research, methods and publications regarding Biosurfactant extraction from Lactic Acid bacteria isolated from human breast milk. 3 samples of human breast milk was provided, LAB were isolated and described, Biosurfactants recovery and surface activity were tested and extracted endo and extra cellular. In other side 26 samples from eye patients were ordered, diagnosed and their sensitivity to biosurfactant were studied. The results showed that 5 isolates of LAB from human breast milk were biosurfactant producer but L. plantarum was the more efficiency in surface activity. In other side, out of 26 eyes sample 18 were positive to pathogenic bacteria included E.coli (7), Klebseilla (5), Staphylococcus aureus(3)and S.epidermides (3).Extracellular Biosurfactanthad good effect against tested bacteria, but endocellular (extraction by normal method) had not any effect against any bacteria, whereas by solvents method were the more active against all tested bacteria. The results are promising enough to continue the quest for enhancement of inhibition growth of pathogenic bacteria with biosurfactant application (extracted extracellular by solvents) to look forward for biosurfactant as a solution of antibiotic resistance problem. In this study we concluded thatL. plantarum was the more effectiveness in biosurfactant surface activity and the extracellular biosurfactant by solvent method for extraction were better than endocellular and normal method of extraction.