bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of cognitive performance on disease-related knowledge six months after multi-component rehabilitation in patients after an acute cardiac event
Authors: Salzwedel Annett , Heidler Maria-Dorothea , Meng Karin , Schikora Martin , Wegscheider Karl , Reibis Rona , Völler Heinz 
Published: August 2018

Background Although associations between cardiovascular diseases and cognitive impairment are well known, the impact of cognitive performance on the success of patient education as a core component of cardiac rehabilitation remains insufficiently investigated so far. Design Prospective observational study in two inpatient cardiac rehabilitation centres between September 2014 and August 2015 with a follow-up six months after cardiac rehabilitation. Method At admission to and discharge from cardiac rehabilitation, the cognitive performance of 401 patients (54.5 ± 6.3 years, 80% men) following an acute coronary syndrome and/or coronary artery bypass graft was tested using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Patients’ disease-related knowledge was determined using a quiz (22 items for medical knowledge and 12 items for healthy lifestyle and behaviour) at both times and at follow-up. The change in knowledge after cardiac rehabilitation was analysed in multivariable regression models. Potentially influencing parameters (e.g. level of education, medication, cardiovascular risk factors, coronary artery bypass graft, comorbidities, exercise capacity) were considered. Results During cardiac rehabilitation, disease-related knowledge was significantly enhanced in both scales. At follow-up, the average level of medical knowledge was significantly reduced, while lifestyle knowledge remained at a stable level. The maintenance of knowledge after cardiac rehabilitation was predominantly predicted by prior knowledge, cognitive performance at discharge from cardiac rehabilitation and, in the case of medical knowledge, by coronary artery bypass graft. Conclusion Patient education in cardiac rehabilitation led to enhanced disease-related knowledge, but the maintenance of this essentially depended on patients’ cognitive performance, especially after coronary artery bypass graft. Therefore, patient education concepts in cardiac rehabilitation should be reconsidered and adjusted as needed.
Compassionate Coverage: A Patient Access Linen System
Authors: Rabin Jill Maura , Farner Katherine C , Brody Alice H , Peyser Alexandra , Kline Myriam 
Published: August 2018

Background: Patient attire is paramount to patient’s dignity and overall experience. In this pilot study and in concert with a designer and clinician, we developed, patented, tested, and evaluated patient and provider preference and experience with a novel patient gowning system. Our objective was to survey obstetrics and gynecology hospital inpatients’ and providers’ experience with a novel hospital attire system; the patient access linen system (PALS). Methods: Patients were provided a PALS item at the beginning of a provider’s shift or at the start of an outpatient visit. Following their use of the PALS item, the patients and providers completed a separate multiple-choice and free-response question survey. Surveys were completed by patients each time a PALS item was returned to the provider for processing. Results: Patients and providers had a significantly positive experience with the PALS. The majority of patients had positive responses to each question about comfort and function of the PALS system, showed consistent preference for the PALS in comparison to a traditional hospital gown and demonstrated that comfort of hospital clothing is a priority for patients. The majority of providers found PALS easy to use when compared to the traditional gown with regard to clinical examinations. Conclusion: Patients in our pilot prioritized hospital attire as a key element in their overall hospital experience, and both patients and providers preferred the PALS system over the traditional hospital gown. Further study is needed on patient attire and evaluation of the potential clinical impact of the PALS.
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis
Authors: Filomeno Paola , López Julio 
Published: August 2018

Background: First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis can be fixed using either a dorsal plate or crossed screws. However, there is considerable difference in the cost of these implants, and it is not known if there is sufficient difference in outcome that might justify this cost difference. Our aim was to compare the functional results and patient satisfaction rates after first MTP joint arthrodesis in a group of patients using the same surgical technique except for the fixation devices. Methods: A prospective cohort of 27 patients who underwent first MTP joint fusion by the same surgeon using 2 crossed screws or a single screw with a dorsal plate was recruited over a 3-year period. Demographic information, patient satisfaction rates, complications, and union rates were evaluated. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analog scale (VAS) scoring systems were used pre- and postoperatively to compare the functional outcomes. Thirty consecutive procedures (screws, n = 15; plate, n = 15) were performed. Age (55.8 ± 11.1 vs 63.3 ± 12.4 years for screws and plate respectively; P = .091) and female gender percentages (80% and 73%, P = .666) were similar between groups. Results: The overall union rate was 93% with no differences between groups. AOFAS and VAS scores improved significantly postoperatively for each technique, and no differences were found between the two in the improvement in AOFAS (42.4 ± 8.0 vs 44.3 ± 8.2, screws and plate respectively; P = .520) and VAS scores (66.0 ± 5.4 vs 69.0 ± 6.9; P = .195). The implant cost for screws was $40 and for dorsal plate, $328. Conclusions: First MTP joint fusion using either screws or plate fixation results in an improvement in AOFAS and VAS scores. Functional improvement and patient satisfaction did not differ between the 2 techniques, despite a considerable difference in cost between the two methods of fixation. Level of Evidence: Level III, prospective comparative study.
Prevalence and recognition of anxiety syndromes in five European primary care settings
Authors: Weiller E. , Bisserbe J.-C. , Maier W. , Lecrubier Y. 
Published: August 2018

Background This study explored the prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics and severity of different anxiety syndromes in five European primary care settings, as well as medical help-seeking, recognition by general practitioners (GPs) and treatment prescribed.Method The data were collected as part of the WHO study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care. Among 9714 consecutive primary care patients, 1973 were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Reason for contact, ICD–10 diagnoses, severity and disability were assessed. Recognition rates and treatment prescribed were obtained from the GPs.Results Anxiety syndromes, whether corresponding to well-defined disorders or to subthreshold conditions, are frequent in primary care and are associated with a clinically significant degree of severity and substantial psychosocial disability. Their recognition by GPs as well as the proportion treated are low.Conclusions Since people with subthreshold anxiety show a substantial degree of disability and suffering, GPs may consider diagnostic criteria to be insufficient. However, their awareness of specific definitions and treatment patterns for anxiety disorders still needs a lot of improvement both for patients' well-being and for the cost resulting from non-treatment.
Abecarnil, a new beta-carboline, in the treatment of anxiety disorders
Authors: Aufdembrinke B. 
Published: August 2018

Background Abecarnil, a novel anxiolytic beta-carboline, was investigated in five four-week double-blind, European multicentre studies. Overall, 451 patients with generalised anxiety disorder were randomised to abecarnil, 461 to placebo and 464 to active controls.Method Data includes inferential statistics based on individual studies and descriptive analysis of 323 patients in open-label abecarnil longterm continuation up to 52 weeks.Results Abecarnil was safe, the most frequent adverse event being drowsiness. Onset of effect was at week I. At week 4 the Hamilton Anxiety Scale score had improved by 12–13 points on average. Due to notably large and variable placebo effects abecarnil was not consistently superior to placebo. No rebound or withdrawal symptoms were observed after fast-tapered discontinuation. Safety, extent of efficacy and incidence of rebound or withdrawal did not change during longterm treatment.Conclusions Abecarnil is safe and effective. Further research into its therapeutic potential seems warranted.
Research and treatment strategies in first-episode psychoses: The Pittsburgh experience
Authors: Keshavan M. S. , Schooler N. R. , Sweeney J. A. , Haas G. L. , Pettegrew J. W. 
Published: August 2018

Background Studies of first-episode patients allow investigation of the biological basis of psychotic disorders without the potential confounds of prior treatment and illness chronicity. Prospective studies of this population can clarify the impact of illness course and treatment on neurobiology.Method We summarise preliminary findings from our ongoing magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies of first-episode schizophrenia patients being conducted prospectively from index evaluations through a period of two years; during this period, patients were treated with either a conventional antipsychotic such as haloperidol, or the atypical risperidone.Results Baseline neurobiological evaluations in first-episode schizophrenia patients have revealed evidence for structural and functional brain abnormalities consistent with a neurodevelopmental model of this illness. Our preliminary data support the value of risperidone as an antipsychotic drug of first choice among patients with early schizophrenic illness.Conclusions Focused studies of first-episode patients have the potential to unravel pathophysiology of schizophrenic illness. Such knowledge is critical for more effective early detection, intervention and even prevention of this enigmatic disorder.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Emanuelsson Frida , Nordestgaard Børge G , Benn Marianne 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Context
Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have a high risk of coronary artery disease, but their risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown.

Objective
In individuals with clinical FH, we tested the hypotheses (1) that the risks of PAD and CKD are elevated and (2) that low ankle-brachial index (ABI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are associated with a high risk of myocardial infarction.

Design and Setting
Prospective cohort study of the general population.

Participants
A total of 106,172 individuals, of whom 7109 were diagnosed with FH.

Main Outcome Measures
PAD, CKD, and myocardial infarction.

Results
Compared with individuals with unlikely FH, multivariable adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of PAD were 1.84 (1.70 to 2.00) in those with possible FH and 1.36 (1.00 to 1.84) in individuals with probable/definite FH. For CKD, the corresponding ORs (95% CIs) were 1.92 (1.78 to 2.07) and 2.42 (1.86 to 3.26). Compared with individuals with unlikely FH and ABI &gt;0.9, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) of myocardial infarction was 4.60 (2.36 to 8.97) in those with possible/probable/definite FH and ABI ≤0.9. Compared with individuals with unlikely FH and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, the corresponding value was 2.19 (1.71 to 2.82) in those with possible/probable/definite FH and eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusions
Individuals with clinical FH have increased risks of PAD and CKD, and low ABI and eGFR are associated with high risk of myocardial infarction. Consequently, individuals with FH should be screened for PAD and CKD, and ABI and eGFR may be used as prognostic tools in the management and treatment of FH to identify those at very high risk of myocardial infarction.
Preventive Therapy of Migraine
Authors: Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the preventive therapy of migraine, including indications, strategies for use, and available treatments.

RECENT FINDINGS
Lifestyle modifications and migraine trigger avoidance are recommended as preventive measures for all individuals with migraine. The decision to recommend additional migraine preventive therapy should consider the frequency of migraine attacks and headaches, extent of migraine-associated disability, frequency of using acute migraine treatments and the responsiveness to such treatments, and patient preferences. Additional therapies include prescription medications, nutraceuticals, neurostimulation, and behavioral therapy. Considering evidence for efficacy and the risk of potential side effects and adverse events, treatments with the most favorable profiles include (in alphabetical order): amitriptyline, beta-blockers (several), biofeedback, candesartan, coenzyme Q10, cognitive-behavioral therapy, magnesium citrate, onabotulinumtoxinA (for chronic migraine only), relaxation therapy, riboflavin, and topiramate. In addition, erenumab, a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor monoclonal antibody, received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of migraine in May 2018.

SUMMARY
Successful migraine preventive therapy reduces the frequency and burden of attacks while causing limited side effects. Individual treatment recommendations are determined based upon evidence for efficacy, side effect and adverse event profiles, medication interactions, patient comorbidity, costs, and patient preferences. Patients must be counseled on reasonable expectations for their preventive therapy and the importance of adhering to the recommended treatment plan for a period of time that is sufficient to determine outcomes.
Exploring machine learning: A bibliometric general approach using SciMAT
Authors: Rincon-Patino Juan , Ramirez-Gonzalez Gustavo , Corrales Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2018

Background: Machine learning is becoming increasingly important for companies and the scientific community. In this study, we perform a bibliometric analysis on machine learning research, in order to provide an overview of the scientific work during the period 2007-2017 in this area and to show trends that could be the basis for future developments in the field. Methods: This study is carried out using the SciMAT tool based on results extracted from Scopus. This analysis shows the strategic diagrams of evolution and a set of thematic networks. The results provide information on broad tendencies of machine learning. Results: The results show that SciMAT is a useful tool to carry out a science mapping analysis, and emphasizes the premise that machine learning has boundless applications and will continue to be an interesting research field in the future. Conclusions: Some of the conclusions exposed in this study show that classification algorithms have been widely studied and represent a relevant tool for generating different machine learning applications. Nonetheless, regression algorithms are becoming increasingly important in the scientific community, allowing the generation of solutions to predict diseases, sales, and yields, for example.
Pressure ulcer prevention using an alternating-pressure mattress overlay: the MATCARP project
Authors: Meaume Sylvie , Marty Marc 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The primary objective was to assess the incidence of pressure ulcer (PU) in patients at high risk of PU and lying between 15–20 hours per day on an alternating-pressure mattress overlay (APMO). Secondary objectives were the patient's satisfaction with the comfort of the APMO, patient acceptance of its sound level, and the care team's assessment of its use and the moisture level. Method: This prospective observational study was conducted in three rehabilitation centres and two nursing homes between June 2016 and March 2017. To be included, patients should not have PU at baseline and present a high risk of PU (Braden score between 10–15). The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients in whom a PU developed over a 35-day period. Results: A total of 83 patients were included in the study. Neurological disease was responsible for the reduced mobility of 44 (53.7%) patients, 10 patients (12.0%) dropped out (one patient for a serious adverse event (femoral neck fracture) considered not to be related to the APMO, four patients for adverse events, two of which were considered to be related to APMO and five for other reasons, including, in one case, discomfort with the APMO. These patients were considered in the analysis. Over the study period, 1.2% (1/83) (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03 to 6.53) of patients developed a PU. Patient satisfaction with the comfort of the APMO, patient acceptance of its sound level, and the care team's assessment of its use were considered satisfying for most patients. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study of a low incidence of PU in participating patients, the use of an AMPO is recommended in high-risk patients lying for between 15–20 hours a day.
Understanding an alternative approach to paramedic leadership
Authors: Johnson David , Bainbridge Peter , Hazard Wendy 
Published: August 2018

Overview Leadership is an essential feature of the life of a paramedic. During incidents, while working with multi-agency colleagues, and within organisations, leadership is an expected quality for paramedics to have. Across health and social care organisations, leadership is said to be of pivotal importance to future success. This has led to a large investment in leadership development programmes that organisations are now seeking to justify. Leadership, as a concept however, is complex and multifaceted. The nature of leadership has been debated over millennia and disagreement remains as to how to define it. The current article uses Critical Interpretive Synthesis to consider how approaches to leadership have developed over time. It concludes with a synthesising argument that leadership is a social construct; as such, no single definition will ever be appropriate. However, the four elements that comprise the leadership equation should be considered if the paramedic leader is to be effective.
Chronic physical exercise increases a neurogenesis marker within hippocampus
Authors: Zulkarnain Mohammad , Flora Rostika , Andrianti Septi 
Published: August 2018

Background:Aerobic and anaerobic physical exercises conducted in both acute and chronic are really essential in keeping the body especially brain healthy. Physical exercise plays an important role in molecular system and is beneficial for the brain by enhancing neurogenesis which is mediated by the increase of BDNF level. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise to the BDNF level of hippocampus tissues in Wistar rats.Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into five groups i.e. control group, acute aerobic physical exercise group, acute anaerobic physical exercise group, chronic aerobic physical exercise group, and chronic anaerobic physical exercise group. Physical exercises were conducted on animal treadmill. The level of hippocampus BDNF was determined using ELISA. The data were analyzed using independent t-test.Results: BDNF average levels of chronic aerobic and anaerobic physical exercises were higher than those of acute ones (152.86±1.62 pg/ml and 122.22±1.53 pg/ml vs 59.38±6.10 pg/ml and 54.05±3.35 pg/ml). There were significant differences in the BDNF average levels of hippocampus tissues between aerobic and anaerobic groups, in both acute and chronic exercise.Conclusion: The chronic physical exercises, both aerobic or anaerobic, are increasing higher the level of BDNF in brain tissue.
Cavitation Erosion – Phenomenon and Test Rigs
Authors: Krella A. K. , Zakrzewska D. E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The cavitation and cavitation erosion phenomenon have been shortly presented. The main four types of test rigs to investigate the cavitation erosion resistance have been shown. Each type of test design is described and an example of a design is shown. A special attention has been payed to the designs described in the International ASTM Standards: a vibratory design and a cavitating jet cell. There was shown that the design of a test device and the test conditions affect the resistance to cavitation erosion of a material.
Studies of Erosion Resistance of Protective Coats on the Surfaces of Machine Elements Washed with Fluids
Authors: Adamkiewicz A. , Waliszyn A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article indicated at erosion as one of the causes of degradation of surfaces washed by fluids and conditions of its occurrence. Corrosive – erosive theory of metal surface degradation has been discussed linking it with an instance of destructive processes taking place in cylinder liner blocks of combustion engines. Physics and conditions influencing processes on liquid – washed operational surface phase boundary have been justified. Out of the contemporary hypotheses explaining the physics of cavitation erosion, the bubble theory has been considered. A mathematical model of erosion has been presented in the context of cavitation implosion energy determining crash interactions of liquid cumulative fluxes on the washed surface. Occurring plastic deformations have been graphically explained linking them with the occurrence of fatigue micro-cracks and later with erosive pits. Influence of initial steel hardness on intensity of cavitation erosion has been checked. Discussion of ways to increase metal surface resistance to cavitation erosion has been carried out.
The force applied to the knee extensor mechanism differs between flat-footed and normal subjects during walking
Authors: Razeghi Mohsen , Ebrahimi Samaneh , Yazdani Farzaneh , Tahayori Behdad 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Study aim: There is a lack of evidence to show the presence or absence of a relationship between foot morphology and changes of the force applied to the knee extensor mechanism. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the type of foot is a determining factor in the force applied to the extensor mechanism during walking. Materials and methods: Twenty female subjects (18-30 years), 10 with neutrally aligned feet and 10 with functional flat foot, participated in this study. Data were collected by employing a three dimensional motion capture system and a force platform, while the subjects were walking at their preferred speed. Knee extensor mechanism force was measured at sub-phases of gait (heel strike and toe-off). Results: A significant interaction was found between groups and sub-phases of gait for all the variables tested. The subjects with flat foot exhibited a significantly higher extensor mechanism force at toe-off compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that subtalar hyper-pronation would increase the force applied to the knee extensor mecha­nism at toe-off, through increasing the knee sagittal angle, net external flexion moment and extensor mechanism moment arm. Therefore it may increase the possibility of musculoskeletal injuries
Progress in semicrystalline heat-resistant polyamides
Authors: Zhang Chuanhui 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
For the past decade, market demands for semicrystalline heat-resistant polyamides (HPAs) with excellent performance and significantly improved heat-resistant temperature has grown rapidly, and they are widely used in the electronic and electrical industry, as light-emitting diodes and in the automobile field (as metal replacements). Industrialized HPAs to date, include PA46, PA6T copolyamides, PA9T and PA10T. Other HPAs being researched include full aliphatic HPA, PA5T, long carbon chain HPA, PXD10 and alicyclic HPA. This review addresses progress in HPAs, especially the properties of HPA, patents analysis and polymerization processes.