bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State‐space modelling of the flight behaviour of a soaring bird provides new insights to migratory strategies
Authors: Pirotta Enrico , Katzner Todd , Miller Tricia A. , Duerr Adam E. , Braham Melissa A. , New Leslie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Characterising the spatiotemporal variation of animal behaviour can elucidate the way individuals interact with their environment and allocate energy. Increasing sophistication of tracking technologies paired with novel analytical approaches allows the characterisation of movement dynamics even when an individual is not directly observable.

In this study, high‐resolution movement data collected via global positioning system (GPS) tracking in three dimensions were paired with topographical information and used in a Bayesian state‐space model to describe the flight modes of migrating golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America.

Our model identified five functional behavioural states, two of which were previously undescribed variations on thermal soaring. The other states comprised gliding, perching and orographic soaring. States were discriminated by movement features in the horizontal (step length and turning angle) and vertical (change in altitude) planes and by the association with ridgelines promoting wind deflection. Tracked eagles spent 2%, 31%, 38%, 9% and 20% of their daytime in directed thermal soaring, gliding, convoluted thermal soaring, perching and orographic soaring, respectively. The analysis of the relative occurrence of these flight modes highlighted yearly, seasonal, age, individual and sex differences in flight strategy and performance. Particularly, less energy‐efficient orographic soaring was more frequent in autumn, when thermals were less available. Adult birds were also better at optimising energy efficiency than subadults.

Our approach represents the first example of a state‐space model for bird flight mode using altitude data in conjunction with horizontal locations and is applicable to other flying organisms where similar data are available. The ability to describe animal movements in a three‐dimensional habitat is critical to advance our understanding of the functional processes driving animals’ decisions.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
The apoptotic effect of Zoledronic acid on the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via ROS mediated chloride channel activation
Authors: Wang Liang , Gao Hong , Yang Xiaoya , Liang Xiechou , Tan Qiuchan , Chen Zhanru , Zhao Chan , Gu Zhuoyu , Yu Meisheng , Zheng Yanfang , Huang Yanqing , Zhu Linyan , Jacob Tim J.C. , Wang Liwei , Chen Lixin 
Published: June 2018

SummaryZoledronic acid (ZA), a third‐generation bisphosphonate, has been applied for treatment of bone metastases caused by malignant tumors. Recent studies have found its anti‐cancer effects on various tumor cells. One of the mechanisms of anti‐cancer effects of ZA is induction of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of ZA‐induced apoptosis in tumor cells have not been clarified clearly. In this study, we investigated the roles of chloride channels in ZA‐induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE‐2Z cells. Apoptosis and chloride current were induced by ZA and suppressed by chloride channel blockers. After the knockdown of ClC‐3 expression by ClC‐3 siRNA, ZA‐induced chloride current and apoptosis were significantly suppressed, indicating that the chloride channel participated in ZA‐induced apoptosis may be ClC‐3. When reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was inhibited by the antioxidant N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (L‐NAC), ZA‐induced apoptosis and chloride current were blocked accordingly, suggesting that ZA induces apoptosis through promoting ROS production and subsequently activating chloride channel.
Audience Costs and the Dynamics of War and Peace
Authors: Crisman‐Cox Casey , Gibilisco Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe estimate audience costs and examine their substantive effects on the evolution of interstate disputes by using an infinitely repeated and dynamic game of crisis escalation. Unlike past efforts, our approach estimates country‐specific audience cost parameters without relying on proxy variables, such as democracy measures. Contrary to intuition, increases in a country's audience costs encourage it to initiate disputes in equilibrium because the costs serve as a commitment device during the subsequent crisis, incentivizing the country to stand firm and coercing its opponent to back down. Nonetheless, the results demonstrate that larger audience costs would result in more peace worldwide, as they also discourage potential opponents from initiating disputes. Beyond regime type, we find that a free press, provisions for executive appointment or removal, and historical rivalries are also important determinants of audience costs.
Toxic Encounters, Settler Logics of Elimination, and the Future of a Continent
Authors: Nunn Neil 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper engages the relationship between toxic geographies and settler colonialism. By bringing to light larger structures and histories that underpin the settler colonial project, I examine a series of toxic encounters and consider the racialised hegemonic narratives that enable the production toxicity. Among these is a methylmercury contamination in Northern Ontario, just upstream from Grassy Narrows First Nation, and a cluster of toxic conversations that bled through social media in the wake of the murder of Colten Boushie, a 22‐year‐old Cree man in Saskatchewan, Canada. I argue that examining the normative ideologies, settler narratives, and socio‐political structures that are involved in the production of toxicity provides valuable insight into the diffuse and relational colonial logics that define the lives that are privileged as the standard, and those that fall outside the regulatory category of the Human, and as a result, are subject to elimination.
Redesigning the river: Bridge‐building on the London Thames 1730–1830
Authors: Stockton Hannah 
Published: June 2018

The bridges in London built between 1730 and 1830 were the first new crossings in over 500 years and were seen by designers, politicians and commentators as opportunities to fundamentally redesign the river space in the service of the economic, political, imperial and civic ideals of the time. A close examination of the proposals, designs and usage of the six new bridges shows that the river landscape was co‐produced by an entanglement of human and non‐human materials, ideas and agencies, from the river's waters to contemporary economic theory. However, in exploring the creation of these new points of interaction or collision between the materialities of the river and the bridges, and contemporary social motivations, it becomes apparent that architects and engineers were not the sole designers of the bridges or the river. The bridges and the wider river landscape were and are constantly redesigned as social and natural forces intertwine and collide to varying degrees, building and eroding the material forms of the Thames. In treating the river as a material thing it is possible to explore the different forces which shaped that thing, incorporating consideration of social influences, but also the non‐human and natural forces which have often been neglected in understanding how the urban environment was designed.
Minimally invasive abdominal and left thoracic approach for esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma with esophageal diverticulum: A case report
Authors: Takeuchi Yuta , Ebihara Yuma , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Asano Toshimichi , Noji Takehiro , Kurashima Yo , Murakami Soichi , Nakamura Toru , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Okamura Keisuke , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractControversy remains regarding the optimal resection approach for Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Furthermore, an esophageal diverticulum, although rare, can complicate surgical procedures. Herein, we report a case of EGJ adenocarcinoma with an esophageal diverticulum that was treated using the minimally invasive abdominal and left thoracic approach (MALTA). A 72‐year‐old man, with EGJ adenocarcinoma and an epiphrenic diverticulum on esophagogastroduodenoscopy underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection. The pathological diagnosis of the specimen revealed invasion to the lymphatic vessels. Therefore, laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and thoracoscopic lower esophagectomy with D1 lymph node dissection and double‐tract reconstruction of the esophageal diverticulum were performed via MALTA. The patient was discharged without any postoperative morbidity. MALTA provides good visualization for the transection of the lower esophagus in cases of esophageal diverticulum. Moreover, MALTA for adenocarcinoma of the EGJ is technically feasible, even with the presence of a lower esophageal diverticulum.
An assessment of physiotherapist’s delivery of behaviour change techniques within the SOLAS feasibility trial
Authors: Keogh Alison , Matthews James , Hurley Deirdre A. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate physiotherapist's (PTs) fidelity to 31 protocol‐listed behaviour change techniques (BCTs) during a group‐based self‐management intervention. This study also explored the PTs delivery of these BCTs beyond the present or absent dichotomy, using a third variable, partial delivery (i.e., attempted).DesignAssessment of the intervention arm of the Self‐management of Osteoarthritis and Low back pain through Activity and Skills (SOLAS) cluster, randomized controlled feasibility trial, using quantitative methods.MethodsEight PTs delivered six SOLAS classes each, of which 50% were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded by two raters using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 and an intervention‐specific manual and assessed for the delivery (i.e., full, partial, or absent) of the 31 BCTs and their target behaviours. Fidelity was calculated as fully delivered BCTs listed as a percentage of those due to take place within each class.ResultsPhysiotherapists delivered a mean 20.5 BCTs per class (68.3%; range = 64.9–72.4%). Of these, 17 BCTs were fully delivered in each class representing moderate fidelity to the protocol (56.8%; range = 53.5–59.3%). A further 3.5 BCTs per class (11.5%; range = 8.7–14.8%) were partially delivered. BCTs associated with ‘goals and planning’ were often poorly delivered.ConclusionsDelivering the SOLAS intervention BCTs with high fidelity was not feasible. The assessment of partial delivery of BCTs provided greater insight into the techniques that should be removed from the protocol or that may require further training. Complex interventions should consider a list of ‘core’ or mandatory BCTs alongside ‘optional’ BCTs, depending on the target behaviour, and the needs of individual participants.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

BCTs are the smallest active components of behavioural interventions, yet typically their effectiveness is determined through meta‐analyses.

Attempted delivery of BCTs is often unaccounted for yet may provide valuable insight into difficulty with delivery.

There is a need to investigate BCT implementation beyond simple presence/absence to identify protocol refinements or required BCT training.

What does this study add?

BCT delivery was assessed in greater depth than previous research, including partial delivery.

Highlights the need for appropriate training in BCTs that are difficult to deliver, particularly those associated with ‘goals and planning’

Highlights the need for intervention‐specific criteria as to what constitutes ‘high’, ‘moderate’, and ‘low’ fidelity.
Kindergarten Children's Executive Functions Predict Their Second‐Grade Academic Achievement and Behavior
Authors: Morgan Paul L. , Farkas George , Hillemeier Marianne M. , Pun Wik Hung , Maczuga Steve 
Published: June 2018

Whether and to what extent kindergarten children's executive functions (EF) constitute promising targets of early intervention is currently unclear. This study examined whether kindergarten children's EF predicted their second‐grade academic achievement and behavior. This was done using (a) a longitudinal and nationally representative sample (N = 8,920, Mage = 97.6 months), (b) multiple measures of EF, academic achievement, and behavior, and (c) extensive statistical control including for domain‐specific and domain‐general lagged dependent variables. All three measures of EF—working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control—positively and significantly predicted reading, mathematics, and science achievement. In addition, inhibitory control negatively predicted both externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. Children's EF constitute promising targets of experimentally evaluated interventions for increasing academic and behavioral functioning.
Areas of endemism: to overlap or not to overlap, that is the question
Authors: Szumik Claudia , Pereyra Verónica V. , Casagranda M. Dolores 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe concept of “areas of endemism”, and the assumption that these patterns are always a consequence of vicariant events, are reviewed. This assumption is related to the idea that areas of endemism have well‐defined limits and never share any surface with other areas of endemism because they must represent sister areas supported by sister taxa. Based on this idea, overlapping areas have been considered rarely, or ignored completely. Using a data set of mammals of North America, we test here whether the overlapping areas are indeed sister areas supported by sister taxa, thus evaluating whether vicariant events are commonly the factor producing areas of endemism.
An immune multiagent system to monitor and control public bus transportation systems
Authors: Mnif Salima , Darmoul Saber , Elkosantini Sabeur , Ben Said Lamjed 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn public bus transportation systems, several types of disturbances, such as accidents and congestion, may affect preestablished timetables and visiting hours at stations. Disturbances result in detrimental consequences, degraded performance, and poor quality of service in terms of extended delays and waiting times, punctuality, frequency, and efficiency of shuttles. Despite numerous research on the monitoring and control of public transportation systems by means of buses, distributed monitoring and control architectures that confer intelligence and decision‐making autonomy to buses to react to disturbances are still missing. This article addresses this gap by designing and developing a distributed architecture to monitor and control public transportation buses using multiagent systems. The design relies on biological immunity as a methodological framework that guides the development of knowledge models and decision‐making mechanisms. Knowledge models structure knowledge about disturbances and control decisions, whereas decision‐making mechanisms implement control and reaction strategies. Through experimental validation based on simulation, we show that the suggested immune multiagent distributed control architecture is not only able to maintain performance (average delay/earliness, average total time in simulated network) at acceptable levels but also to improve quality of service in terms of number of served passengers and stations by at least 15% in case of disturbances.
Short‐ and midterm results for internal jugular vein extension for short right renal vein kidney transplant
Authors: Lu Tony , Yi Stephanie G. , Bismuth Jean , Knight Richard J. , Gaber A. Osama , Bechara Carlos F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRenal transplantation remains the definitive treatment for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The shorter renal vein in right donor nephrectomies is associated with higher incidence of technical failure. We present here our experience with autologous internal jugular vein (IJV) conduits to facilitate living‐donor transplants. Six patients underwent right, living‐donor kidney transplant with simultaneous IJV harvest over a 1‐year period. All had bilateral jugular duplex scans preoperatively and were placed on aspirin 81 mg postoperatively. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and laboratories were retrospectively queried. Postoperative follow‐up and examination were performed per institutional protocol. The mean age and BMI were 51 ± 4.6 years and 30 ± 1.4 kg/m2, respectively. An average 4.5 ± 0.5 cm of IJV was taken, and anastomosed exsitu, end to end to the renal vein. One patient developed a perinephric hematoma requiring reexploration and another expired during follow‐up from septic shock of unknown etiology; there were no harvest site complications or deep vein thrombosis. All had immediate and stable graft function at 3.8 ± 1.7 (range: 0.7‐11.3) months follow‐up. Mean serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate were 1.3 ± 0.1 mg/dL and 55 ± 2.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Internal jugular vein extension of short right renal veins for kidney transplant is a viable technique for ESRD patients with promising results.
Rural and agricultural subsidies in Latin America: Development costs of misallocated public resources
Authors: Anríquez Gustavo , Foster William , Ortega Jorge 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMotivationThe tendency of governments to surrender to interest groups and divert resources to agricultural subsidies calls into question the efficiency of rural public spending as a tool to promote agricultural growth and rural development: the displacement of government expenditures on public goods by subsidies to private goods hinders farm sector performance.PurposeThis uses an expanded dataset of rural and agricultural spending in Latin America to examine the effect of the composition of government expenditures on rural wellbeing. Furthermore, the article tests whether it is the composition of rural spending more generally or spending on agriculture specifically which drives these impacts.Approach and methodsEconometric panel data methods are used to assess and quantify the relationship between the composition of rural and agricultural spending and sectoral performance. Additionally, the article tests and corrects for the endogeneity of the examined policies and agricultural performance.FindingsThe results show that the composition of agricultural expenditures significantly impacts the sector’s evolution. We confirm that diverting taxpayer funds from public goods to subsidies decreases farm sector performance.Policy implicationsLarge gains are to be had from a redistribution of rural (and particularly agricultural) spending from subsidies to public goods. Without addressing this misallocations, the argument to promote rural spending and reduce urban bias in government policies is undermined.
Riparian defoliation by the invasive green alder sawfly influences terrestrial prey subsidies to salmon streams
Authors: Roon David A. , Wipfli Mark S. , Kruse James J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInvasive species in riparian forests are unique as their effects can transcend ecosystem boundaries via stream‐riparian linkages. The green alder sawfly (Monsoma pulveratum) is an invasive wasp whose larvae are defoliating riparian thin‐leaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia) stands across southcentral Alaska. To test the hypothesis that riparian defoliation by this invasive sawfly negatively affects the flow of terrestrial prey resources to stream fishes, we sampled terrestrial invertebrates on riparian alder foliage, their subsidies to streams and their consumption by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Invasive sawflies altered the composition of terrestrial invertebrates on riparian alder foliage and as terrestrial prey subsidies to streams. Community analyses supported these findings revealing that invasive sawflies shifted the community structure of terrestrial invertebrates between seasons and levels of energy flow (riparian foliage, streams and fish). Invasive sawfly biomass peaked mid‐summer, altering the timing and magnitude of terrestrial prey subsidies to streams. Contrary to our hypothesis, invasive sawflies had no effect on the biomass of native taxa on riparian alder foliage, as terrestrial prey subsidies, or in juvenile coho salmon diets. Juvenile coho salmon consumed invasive sawflies when most abundant, but relied more on other prey types selecting against sawflies relative to their availability. Although we did not find effects of invasive sawflies extending to juvenile coho salmon in this study, these results could change as the distribution of invasive sawflies expands or as defoliation intensifies. Nevertheless, riparian defoliation by these invasive sawflies is likely having other ecological effects that merits further investigation.
Job‐ and schoolprescription: A local adaptation to individual placement and support for first episode psychosis
Authors: Hegelstad Wenche ten Velden , Joa Inge , Heitmann Lena , Johannessen Jan Olav , Langeveld Johannes 
Published: June 2018

AimIndividual placement and support (IPS) for first episode psychosis (FEP) has proven effective for employment and education, but yields differing results across geographical regions. Local adaptations may be necessary for various reasons, such as regional differences in employment‐ and welfare services; in educational opportunities and job markets. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an adapted Norwegian intervention offering early IPS for education and employment to persons with FEP.MethodMatched control (N = 66) study with a 1‐year early IPS intervention and a 2‐year follow up. A rating of fidelity to the IPS model was conducted.ResultsFidelity was “good.” Adaptations to the model included the use of internships and flexible combinations of education and employment. Thirty out of 33 participants completed the intervention. Fourteen were in competitive employment >20 h/wk post intervention, compared to 2 in the control group. Fifteen participants were enrolled in education >20 h/wk, 10 of whom also had employment >20 h/wk and 3 < 20 h/wk, compared to 5 in the control group, with 2 having employment <20 h/wk on the side. Symptom levels did not predict outcome.ConclusionThe School‐ and JobPrescription adaptation of IPS, allowing for temporary internships as a step towards obtaining the goal of paid competitive employment and facilitating flexible combinations of employment and education, showed encouraging results. These were however not sustained after closure of the intervention. At the 2‐year follow up, Job‐ and SchoolPrescription advantages had waned, underscoring the point in IPS that support should be time‐unlimited.
Medication, hospitalizations and mortality in 5 years after first‐episode psychosis in a Swedish nation‐wide cohort
Authors: Strålin Pontus , Hetta Jerker 
Published: June 2018

AimTo investigate medication, rehospitalizations and mortality after first‐episode hospital‐treated psychosis.MethodsA population‐based nation‐wide cohort (n = 2488) with a first hospitalization for psychosis at ages between 16 and 25 was identified. Cases were followed for up to 5 years after the first psychosis hospitalization with regard to mortality, hospitalizations and dispensations of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines.ResultsThe proportion of patients dispensing antipsychotics decreased from 80% year 1 after first discharge to 55% year 5. The proportion of patients having episodes of inpatient care also decreased year by year from 46% year 1 to 27% year 5. Of 863 cases with 5 years of observation time 41% had dispensations of antipsychotics every year; 21% had no dispensation of antipsychotics or hospitalization after the first year.The cumulative 5‐year mortality was 3.9%. Cumulative suicide mortality was 2.4%. Incidence of suicide was highest in the first year. Male gender, benzodiazepines, recent hospital‐discharge and self‐harm were identified as risk factors for suicide.ConclusionsThe proportion of cases dispensing antipsychotics decreases year by year after first discharge. Mortality and rates of rehospitalization also decrease year by year from high levels the first year.