bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐Reported Outcomes One to Five Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: The Effect of Combined Injury and Associations With Osteoarthritis Features Defined on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Patterson Brooke E. , Culvenor Adam G. , Barton Christian J. , Guermazi Ali , Stefanik Joshua J. , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivePersistent symptoms and poor quality of life (QoL) are common following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). We aimed to determine the influence of a combined ACL injury (i.e., concomitant meniscectomy and/or arthroscopic chondral defect at the time of ACLR and/or secondary injury/surgery to ACLR knee) and cartilage defects defined on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and meniscal lesions on patient‐reported outcomes 1 to 5 years after ACLR.MethodsA total of 80 participants (50 men; mean ± SD age 32 ± 14 years) completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaires as well as a 3T MRI assessment at 1 and 5 years after ACLR. Median patient‐reported outcome scores were compared between isolated and combined ACL injuries and with published normative values. Using multivariate regression, we evaluated the association between compartment‐specific MRI cartilage, BMLs, and meniscal lesions and patient‐reported outcomes at 1 and 5 years.ResultsIndividuals with a combined injury had significantly worse scores in the KOOS subscale of function in sport and recreation (KOOS sport/rec) and in the IKDC questionnaire at 1 year, and worse scores in the KOOS subscales of pain (KOOS pain), symptoms (KOOS symptoms), and QoL (KOOS QoL) and in the IKDC questionnaire at 5 years compared to those with an isolated injury. Although no feature on MRI was associated with patient‐reported outcomes cross‐sectionally at 1 year, patellofemoral cartilage defects at 1 year were significantly associated with worse 5‐year KOOS symptoms (β = –9.79, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] –16.67, –2.91), KOOS sport/rec (β = –7.94, 95% CI –15.27, –0.61), KOOS QoL (β = –8.29, 95% CI –15.28, –1.29), and IKDC (β = –4.79, 95% CI –9.34, –0.24) scores. Patellofemoral cartilage defects at 5 years were also significantly associated with worse 5‐year KOOS symptoms (β = –6.86, 95% CI –13.49, –0.24) and KOOS QoL (β = –11.71, 95% CI –19.08, –4.33) scores.ConclusionCombined injury and patellofemoral cartilage defects shown on MRI are associated with poorer long‐term outcomes. Clinicians should be vigilant and aware of individuals with these injuries, as such individuals may benefit from targeted interventions to improve QoL and optimize symptoms.
Boosting Photovoltaic Performance for Lead Halide Perovskites Solar Cells with BF4− Anion Substitutions
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wu Shengfan , Liu Tiantian , Zhu Zonglong , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractComposition engineering is a particularly simple and effective approach especially using mixed cations and halide anions to optimize the morphology, crystallinity, and light absorption of perovskite films. However, there are very few reports on the use of anion substitutions to develop uniform and highly crystalline perovskite films with large grain size and reduced defects. Here, the first report of employing tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) anion substitutions to improve the properties of (FA = formamidinium, MA = methylammonium (FAPbI3)0.83(MAPbBr3)0.17) perovskite films is demonstrated. The BF4− can be successfully incorporated into a mixed‐ion perovskite crystal frame, leading to lattice relaxation and a longer photoluminescence lifetime, higher recombination resistance, and 1–2 orders magnitude lower trap density in prepared perovskite films and derived solar cells. These advantages benefit the performance of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), resulting in an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.16% from 17.55% due to enhanced open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor. This is the highest PCE for BF4− anion substituted lead halide PVSCs reported to date. This work provides insight for further exploration of anion substitutions in perovskites to enhance the performance of PVSCs and other optoelectronic devices.
A Flexible Microwave Shield with Tunable Frequency‐Transmission and Electromagnetic Compatibility
Authors: Lv Hualiang , Yang Zhihong , Ong Samuel Jun Hoong , Wei Chao , Liao Hanbin , Xi Shibo , Du Yonghua , Ji Guangbin , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWireless techniques have improved life quality for many. However, the drawbacks like instable signal and high loss in air of electromagnetic interference hinder its further development. One solution is to develop a smart material or device, which can selectively receive a specific frequency (fs) of electromagnetic wave with less loss, and simultaneously show effective shielding against unwanted waves (frequency is denoted as fp). A bottleneck has been reached, such that using materials alone is unable to achieve the above due to the limitation of the intrinsic physical properties of materials. Here, a strategy combining the material structure design with a voltage control is proposed to overcome the limitation of materials toward the aforementioned task. The efforts are focused on exploring a suitable electrically tunable material with a sensitive response to an external voltage and the flexibility to be engineered to the needed macrostructure. As a result, the fs region can be fine‐tuned to 8–8.4, 8–9.3, and 8–10.3 GHz.
Detecting Li Dendrites in a Two‐Electrode Battery System
Authors: Wang Tuo , Salvatierra Rodrigo Villegas , Tour James M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe use of high‐energy‐density Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries is not possible because of dendrite formation that can potentially result in a battery fire. Although so‐called dendrite‐free Li metal anodes have been reported in many recent publications, Li dendrite growth is still kinetically favorable and it remains a severe safety concern in mass production. Here, a detection system capable of alerting for Li dendrite formation in a two‐electrode battery with no additional electrodes required is reported. When dendrites contact a red phosphorous‐coated separator, dendrite growth is revealed by a significant voltage change. This can activate a signal through the battery management system, warning of the presence of Li dendrites and leading to shutdown of the battery before the dendrites become dangerous.
Self‐Connected Ag Nanoporous Sponge Embedded in Sputtered Polytetrafluoroethylene for Highly Stretchable and Semi‐Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Lim Ji‐Eun , Yoon Sunyoung , Hwang Byeong‐Ung , Lee Nae‐Eung , Kim Han‐Ki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh‐performance wearable electronics require highly stretchable and conductive materials that are prepared by simple, scalable processes to be implemented in the essential roles of electrodes and interconnects. Here, room temperature fabrication of highly stretchable electrodes consisting of self‐connected Ag nanoporous sponge embedded in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix on stretchable polyurethane substrates using a metal‐polymer co‐sputtering process is demonstrated. The metallic Ag nanoporous sponge networks (NSNs) embedded in PTFE matrix show minimal changes to resistance even after stretching by 50% and after 10 000 cycles under 20% strain due to the well‐connected Ag NSNs and the stretchable PTFE matrix. The feasibility of this hybrid material as stretchable interconnects and electrodes for stretchable thin film heaters and strain sensors is also demonstrated. Because the Ag NSNs embedded in PTFE matrix are simply fabricated by a typical sputtering process, which is compatible with current electronics fabrication processes, it is strongly expected that the Ag‐PTFE hybrid electrodes can be easily applied as universal stretchable electrodes for wearable thin film heaters, stretchable interconnectors, and stretchable strain sensors.
Photoactive Organic Substrates for Cell Stimulation: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Hopkins Jonathan , Travaglini Lorenzo , Lauto Antonio , Cramer Tobias , Fraboni Beatrice , Seidel Jan , Mawad Damia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractModulating the cell membrane potential provides an opportunity to control electrical signaling that is central to cellular physiology and its proper biological function. Among the many technological tools available to enable this modulation, optical stimulation through a photoactive substrate is a powerful strategy that is minimally invasive and wireless. This is critical to avoid disrupting the structural integrity of the cell membrane that is often caused by the use of electrical stimulation electrodes or changing its genetic footprints if optogenetics is the approach taken to photomodulate its electrophysiology. The use of a photoactive substrate such as an organic semiconductor combines optoelectronic properties with mechanical tissue compatibility, which is unachievable with inorganic semiconductors. This research news first discusses the mechanisms of cell photostimulation via these organic photoactive substrates and techniques employed to characterize their photoresponse. Then a summary of the relevant organic materials and their recent applications in cellular photostimulation is presented. Finally, the challenges in the field are described and a perspective on how to address these is provided.
Metal Oxide and Hydroxide–Based Aqueous Supercapacitors: From Charge Storage Mechanisms and Functional Electrode Engineering to Need‐Tailored Devices
Authors: Nguyen Tuyen , Montemor Maria de Fátima 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnergy storage devices that efficiently use energy, in particular renewable energy, are being actively pursued. Aqueous redox supercapacitors, which operate in high ionic conductivity and environmentally friendly aqueous electrolytes, storing and releasing high amounts of charge with rapid response rate and long cycling life, are emerging as a solution for energy storage applications. At the core of these devices, electrode materials and their assembling into rational configurations are the main factors governing the charge storage properties of supercapacitors. Redox‐active metal compounds, particularly oxides and hydroxides that store charge via reversible valence change redox reactions with electrolyte ions, are prospective candidates to optimize the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. To address this target, collaborative investigations, addressing different streams, from fundamental charge storage mechanisms and electrode materials engineering to need‐tailored device assemblies, are the key. Over the last few years, significant achievements in metal oxide and hydroxide–based aqueous supercapacitors have been reported. This work discusses the most recent achievements and trends in this field and brings into the spotlight the authors' viewpoints.
Low Power Parylene‐Based Memristors with a Graphene Barrier Layer for Flexible Electronics Applications
Authors: Chen Qingyu , Lin Min , Wang Zongwei , Zhao Xiaolong , Cai Yimao , Liu Qi , Fang Yichen , Yang Yuchao , He Ming , Huang Ru 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLowering the programing power consumption is of importance to capacitate high‐efficiency flexible neuromorphic electronics. However, this remains particularly challenging for organic flexible memristor due to its high reset current. Here a robust route is reported to capitalize on graphene with native nanopores as a barrier layer for the parylene‐based flexible memristors, eventually conferring the devices to be operated with ultralow reset current (<50 µA) and programming power consumption (<150 µW). The graphene‐integrated memristor device in the architecture of Al/graphene/parylene/W (G‐memristor) lowers the reset current by ≈47 times and the programming power consumption by ≈14 times, respectively, as compared with those without the graphene barrier layer. Intriguingly, the conductive atomic force microscope characterizations reveal the metallic filamentary‐type switching mechanism of these G‐memristor devices, in which the intrinsic nanopores on graphene impart the formation of finer conductive filaments between Al electrode and parylene layer while suppressing the diffusion of mass metal atoms across the architecture. The integration of nanopores graphene as the barrier layer of organic memristors offers a promising route to low‐power flexible neuromorphic computing electronics.
Efficient and Stable Chemical Passivation on Perovskite Surface via Bidentate Anchoring
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wu Yongzhen , Shen Chao , Li Erpeng , Yan Chenxu , Zhang Weiwei , Tian He , Han Liyuan , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChemical passivation is an effective approach to suppress the grain surface dominated charge recombination in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the passivation effect is usually labile on perovskite crystal surface since most passivating agents are weakly anchored. Here, the use of a bidentate molecule, 2‐mercaptopyridine (2‐MP), to increase anchoring strength for improving the passivation efficacy and stability synchronously is demonstrated. Compared to monodentate counterparts of pyridine and p‐toluenethiol, 2‐MP passivation on CH3NH3PbI3 film results in twofold improvement of photoluminescence lifetime and remarkably enhanced tolerance to chlorobenzene washing and vacuum heating, which improve the power conversion efficiency of n–i–p planar structured PSCs from 18.35% to 20.28%, with open‐circuit voltage approaching 1.18 V. Moreover, the CH3NH3PbI3 films passivated with 2‐MP exhibit unprecedented humid‐stability that they can be exposed to saturated humidity for at least 5 h, mainly due to the passivation induced surface deactivation, which renders the unencapsulated devices retaining 93% of the initial efficiency after 60 days aging in air with relative humidity of 60–70%.
Mechanism of DNA‐Induced Phase Separation for Transcriptional Repressor VRN1
Authors: Zhou Huabin , Song Zihan , Zhong Sheng , Zuo Linyu , Qi Zhi , Qu Li‐Jia , Lai Luhua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhase separation of proteins/nucleic acids to form non‐membrane organelles is crucial in cellular gene‐expression regulation. However, little is known about transcriptional regulator phase separation and the underlying molecular mechanism. Vernalization 1 (VRN1) encodes a crucial transcriptional repressor involved in plant vernalization that contains two B3 DNA‐binding domains connected by an intrinsic disorder region (IDR) and nonspecifically binds DNA. We found that the Arabidopsis VRN1 protein undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) with DNA that is driven by multivalent protein–DNA interactions (LLPS), and that both B3 domains are required. The distribution of charged residues in the VRN1 IDR modulates the interaction strength between VRN1 and DNA, and changes in the charge pattern lead to interconversion between different states (precipitates, liquid droplets, and no phase separation). We further showed that VRN1 forms puncta in plant cell nuclei, suggesting that it may stabilize the vernalized state by repressing gene expression through LLPS.
Struktur einer archaealen B‐Familien‐DNA‐Polymerase in Komplex mit einem chemisch modifizierten Nukleotid
Authors: Kropp Heike M. , Diederichs Kay , Marx Andreas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractArchaeale B‐Familien‐DNA‐Polymerasen (DNA‐Pols) sind die treibende Kraft führender biotechnologischer Anwendungen wie moderne Sequenzierungsansätze. Die Akzeptanz chemisch modifizierter Nukleotide durch DNA‐Pols ist der Schlüssel zu diesen Technologien. Bis jetzt sind keine strukturellen Daten für diese DNA‐Pols in Komplexen mit modifizierten Substraten verfügbar, die zum Verständnis der Interaktionen zwischen Enzym und chemischer Modifikation sowie der Entwicklung von Nukleotiden der nächsten Generation beitragen könnten. Dafür haben wir eine Exonuklease‐defiziente Variante des Wildtyps der B‐Familien KOD‐DNA‐Pol mit einem modifizierten Nukleotid in einem geschlossenen, ternären Komplex kristallisiert. Zum Vergleich haben wir die A‐Familien‐DNA‐Pol KlenTaq mit demselben Nukleotid kristallisiert. Die beiden Kristallstrukturen erklären wie die Modifikation in den A‐ und B‐Familien‐DNA‐Pols durch das Protein und die DNA in zwei unterschiedliche Konformationen gelenkt wird. Außerdem erlauben die Strukturen Rückschlüsse darauf, wie die jeweilige Konformation die Prozessierung des modifizierten Nukleotids beeinflusst. Insgesamt bietet diese Studie erste Einblicke wie B‐Familien‐DNA‐Pols mit relevantem modifiziertem Substrat interagieren.
Spiro‐Bicyclic Bisborane Catalysts for Metal‐Free Chemoselective and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Quinolines
Authors: Li Xiang , Tian Jun‐Jie , Liu Ning , Tu Xian‐Shuang , Zeng Ning‐Ning , Wang Xiao‐Chen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new series of spiro‐bicyclic bisborane catalysts has been prepared by means of hydroboration reactions of C2‐symmetric spiro‐bicyclic dienes with HB(C6F5)2 and HB(p‐C6F4H)2. When used for hydrogenation of quinolines, these catalysts give excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses, and show turnover numbers of up to 460. The most attractive feature of these metal‐free hydrogenation reactions was the broad functional‐group tolerance, making this method complementary to existing methods for quinoline hydrogenation.
Synthetic Approaches to Star‐Shaped Molecules with 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Aromatic Cores
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meshram Milind , Panguluri Nageswara Rao , Shah Vrajesh R. , Todeti Saidulu , Shirbhate Mukesh E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein, we summarize the synthetic approaches that have been developed for the synthesis of star‐shaped molecules. Typically, to design such highly functionalized molecules, simple building blocks are first assembled through trimerization reactions, starting from commercially available starting materials. Then, these building blocks are synthetically manipulated to generate extended star‐shaped molecules. We also discuss the syntheses of star‐shaped molecules that contain 2,4,6‐trisubstituted 1,3,5‐triazine or 1,3,5‐trisubstituted benzene rings as a central core and diverse substituted styrene, phenyl, and fluorene derivatives at their periphery, which endows these molecules with extended conjugation. A variety of metal‐catalyzed reactions, such as Suzuki, Buchwald–Hartwig, Sonogashira, Heck, and Negishi cross‐coupling reactions, as well as metathesis, have been employed to functionalize a range of star‐shaped molecules. The methods described herein will be helpful for designing a wide range of intricate compounds that are highly valuable in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Owing to space limitations, we will not cover all of the publications on this topic. Instead, we will focus on examples that were reported by our research group and other relevant recent literature. Apart from the trimerization sequence, this Minireview has been structured based on the key reactions that were used to prepare the star‐shaped molecules and other higher analogues. Finally, some examples that do not fit into this classification are discussed.
Impact of Hydrogen Bonding on the Fluorescence of N‐Amidinated Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Xie Sheng , Manuguri Sesha , Ramström Olof , Yan Mingdi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe fluorescence properties of AIE‐active N‐amidinated fluoroquinolones, efficiently obtained by a perfluoroaryl azide–aldehyde–amine reaction, have been studied. The fluorophores were discovered to elicit a highly sensitive fluorescence quenching response towards guest molecules with hydrogen‐bond‐donating ability. This effect was evaluated in a range of protic/aprotic solvents with different H‐bonding capabilities, and also in aqueous media. The influence of acid/base was furthermore addressed. The hydrogen‐bonding interactions were studied by IR, NMR, UV/Vis and time‐resolved fluorescence decay, revealing their roles in quenching of the fluorescence emission. Due to the pronounced quenching property of water, the N‐amidinated fluoroquinolones could be utilized as fluorescent probes for quantifying trace amount of water in organic solvents.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant formation control for quadrotors with actuator faults
Authors: Liu Wanzhang , Zhang Ke , Jiang Bin , Yan Xinggang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the fault‐tolerant formation control of a group of quadrotor aircrafts with a leader. Continuous fault‐tolerant formation control protocol is constructed by using adaptive updating mechanism and boundary layer theory to compensate actuator fault. Results show that the desired formation pattern and trajectory under actuator fault can be achieved using the proposed fault‐tolerant formation control. A simulation is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
Modelling Coupled Ion Motion in Electrolyte Solutions for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Osella Silvio , Minoia Andrea , Quarti Claudio , Cornil Jérôme , Lazzaroni Roberto , Goffin Anne‐Lise , Guillaume Maxime , Beljonne David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe model coupled ion transport in representative electrolyte solutions for Li−S batteries by applying molecular dynamic (MD) simulations on systems of increasing complexity, namely going from solutions of the Li2S4 salt in pure tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) and 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) solvents, to Li2S4 in solvent mixtures, and finally incorporating lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as a reservoir of Li‐ions. While the motion of Li2S4 salt in DOL is predominantly vehicular, it is governed by a hopping regime in the more viscous TEGDME solvent. Most importantly, when the two salts are mixed, the presence of the TFSI anions does not slow down the diffusion of the polysulfide anion.
The use of apocynin inhibits osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Soares Mariana Pena Ribeiro , Silva Danielle Pereira , Uehara Isadora Akemi , Ramos Erivan Schnaider , Alabarse Paulo Vinicius Gil , Fukada Sandra Yasuyo , da Luz Felipe Cordero , Vieira Leda Quercia , Oliveira Ana Paula Lima , Silva Marcelo José Barbosa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX), an enzyme that reduces oxygen by using NADPH as a substrate. Apocynin (APO) is a catechol that is used as a NOX inhibitor, and N‐acetyl‐cysteine ​​(NAC) can reduce intracellular ROS levels. In this work, the effect of APO and NAC on osteoclast formation were evaluated. APO and NAC significantly decreased the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells and the osteoclast area. We analyzed bone‐marrow derived monocyte‐macrophages (BMMs) that differentiated into osteoclasts after RANKL stimulation. Stimulation was associated with either APO or NAC treatment and osteoclastogenesis marker expression, including NFATc1, MMP‐9, and DC‐STAMP, was evaluated. APO decreased the intracellular calcium concentration by calcium channels other than ITPR1 and TPC2. On the other hand, APO reduced Tnfrsf11a (RANK) expression and did not alter Fam102a (EEIG1) expression. Therefore, our results demonstrate that APO inhibits osteoclastogenesis by the RANK‐RANKL‐related signaling pathways, decreases osteoclast markers, and reduces intracellular calcium concentration.