bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of spring-seeded cover crop roots by herbicide residues and short-term influence in soil aggregate stability and N cycling
Authors: Rojas María A. , Van Eerd Laura L. , O’Halloran Ivan P. , Sikkema Peter H. , Robinson Darren E. 
Published: April 2018

Cover crop (CC) prevalence between cash crop systems is contributing to long-term sustainable crop production systems. However, herbicide residue impact on CC root growth and its subsequent effect on soil aggregation and fertility are unknown. An untreated control plus preemergence (PRE) application of saflufenacil (at 67 and 134 g a.i. ha−1)/dimethenamid-P (at 668 and 1336 g a.i. ha−1) as well as S-metolachlor (at 1600 and 3200 g a.i. ha−1)/atrazine (at 1280 and 2560 g a.i. ha−1) + mesotrione at 140 and 280 g a.i. ha−1to sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa Bonaf.) and imazethapyr (100 and 200 g a.i. ha−1) to pea (Pisum sativum L.) were made in spring 2011 and spring 2012. One year later, ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), sorghum–sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. bicolor var. sudanese (L.)], and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were seeded. Root biomass and N content, wet aggregate stability (WAS), and aggregate size plus soil mineral N (SMN) were determined. Buckwheat root biomass declined in all herbicide treatments but root N declined in imazethapyr and S-metolachlor/atrazine + mesotrione at the 2× and 1× rates, respectively. Ryegrass root biomass decreased in S-metolachlor/atrazine + mesotrione but root N content declined only at the 2× rate. Sorghum–sudangrass and spring wheat roots decreased in imazethapyr and S-metolachlor/atrazine + mesotrione at the 2× rate, respectively. Despite the impact of herbicide residues on roots, differences in aggregate size, WAS, and SMN were not detected. Findings from this study add knowledge on herbicide residue effect on CC root growth and provide useful CC seeding guidelines for growers.
Transcriptome-based identification of genes related to resistance against Botrytis elliptica in Lilium regale
Authors: Cui Qi , Liu Qiang , Gao Xue , Yan Xiao , Jia Gui-Xia 
Published: April 2018

A major production constraint of lilies is gray mold caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis elliptica. The molecular basis of lily plant resistance to B. elliptica remains largely unexplored. To systematically dissect transcriptomic responses, we constructed four RNA-seq libraries from the leaves of Lilium regale, a promising Chinese wild Lilium species, after B. elliptica infection for 0, 4, 12, or 24 h. The sequence reads were assembled into 96 416 unigenes, of which 7697 were differentially expressed. Profiling analysis revealed changes in gene expression, including 2261 downregulated genes and 3599 upregulated genes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 39 defense-related unigenes confirmed that the transcriptional changes of these genes presented in the RNA-seq data were predominately affected by B. elliptica infection. Key B. elliptica modulated genes played roles in defense responses mediated by phytohormones involved in jasmonate signaling, whereas salicylic acid and ethylene were not involved. Among transcription factors, some WRKYs, MYB, and ethylene responsive factor were clearly upregulated. Additionally, a group of genes encoding known important defense-related proteins, such as receptor-like kinases, antioxidant enzymes, polyphenol oxidase, pathogenesis-related proteins, and proteins associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism, exhibited high transcript abundances. Furthermore, the expressions of selected candidate genes were induced more rapidly and strongly in the resistant genotype than in the susceptible genotype. Taken together, the results provide a better understanding of the defense responses involved in the crosstalk between the lily and B. elliptica and a valuable set of sequence data for gray mold resistant candidate gene discovery.
Exploring agronomic strategies to improve oat productivity and control weeds: leaf type, row spacing, and planting density
Authors: Li Pufang , Mo Fei , Li Defeng , Ma Bao-Luo , Yan Weikai , Xiong Youcai 
Published: April 2018

The trade-off between crop production and weed control is a fundamental scientific issue, as it is frequently influenced by individual crop competitive ability, population density, and planting pattern. A 2 yr field study was conducted to examine the relationship between planting density and row spacing, using two contrasting oat varieties. On average, high planting density (480 plants m−2) reduced weed biomass at oat maturity by 59% in 2012 and by 56% in 2013, when compared with a low density (120 plants m−2). The droopy-leaf variety suppressed weed biomass by up to 69% and weed density up to 72%, compared with the erect-leaf variety. In a drier year, the greatest grain yield was achieved with the droopy-leaf variety under the intermediate density, while in 2013, the erect-leaf variety under the high density had similar yield to the droopy-leaf variety at the intermediate density. A general trend was that increasing plant density suppressed weed infestation, and promoted crop biomass and yield. The droopy-leaf variety exhibited a strong competitive ability under the intermediate planting density, while the erect-leaf variety had a strong competitive ability under the high density. Taken together, there was a complex variety-by-environment interaction to achieve the balance between crop production and weed suppression, which was mediated by growing-season conditions.
Draft Reduction by Vibratory Soil Cutting
Authors: Sulatisky M.T. , Ukrainetz P.R. 
Published: April 2018

With the increasing size of cultivating and excavating equipment, engineers have been faced with the problem of transmitting large drawbar forces, yet keeping the weight of tractors or machines to a minimum. This paper shows how draft forces can be reduced significantly by vibrating the soil-cutting blade. A fully instrumented laboratory testing facility was designed and constructed to test various types of vibrating blades. A carriage, which was pulled the length of the test bed along two parallel shafts by a hydraulic motor, supported a hydraulic servo-valve, actuator, and linkage which vibrated the blade. It was possible to conduct tests in three modes of vibration; horizontal, vertical, and at 45 degrees. Draft was recorded by a strain gauge force transducer attached to the carriage. Preliminary testing of a knife-edged, vertical blade for laying underground cable was undertaken. The blade, which was pulled at a depth of 9 in., was vibrated at frequencies up to 30 Hz and amplitudes (zero to peak) up to 1.0 in. It was found, for example, that a frequency and amplitude of 10 Hz and 0.5 in., respectively, yielded draft force reductions as high as 80%.
Injection Laryngoplasty Using Autologous Fat Enriched with Adipose-Derived Regenerative Stem Cells: A Safe Therapeutic Option for the Functional Reconstruction of the Glottal Gap after Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Lasso José M. , Poletti Daniel , Scola Batolomé , Gómez-Vilda Pedro , García-Martín Ana I. , Fernández-Santos María Eugenia 
Published: April 2018

Background. Paralysis of one vocal fold leads to glottal gap and vocal fold insufficiency that has significant impact upon a patient’s quality of life. Fillers have been tested to perform intracordal injections, but they do not provide perdurable results. Early data suggest that enriching fat grafts with adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) promote angiogenesis and modulate the immune response, improving graft survival. The aim of this study is to propose ADRC-enriched adipose tissue grafts as effective filler for the paralyzed vocal fold to use it for functional reconstruction of the glottal gap. Method. This is the first phase I-IIA clinical trial (phase I/IIA clinical trial, unicentric, randomized, controlled, and two parallel groups), to evaluate the safety of a new therapy with ADRC-enriched fat grafting (ADRC: group I) for laryngoplasty after unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Control group patients received centrifuged autologous fat (CAF: group II) grafts. Overall mean age is 52.49 ± 16.60 years. Group I (ADRC): 7 patients (3 males and 4 females), 52.28 ± 20.95 year. Group II (CAF): 7 patients (3 males and 4 females), 52.71 ± 12.59 year. Results. VHI-10 test showed that preoperative mean score was 24.21 ± 8.28. Postoperative mean score was 6.71 ± 6.75. Preoperative result in group I was 21.14 ± 3.58 and postoperative result was 3.14 ± 3.53. Preoperative result for group II was 27.29 ± 10.66. Postoperative score in group II was 10.29 ± 7.52. Wilcoxon and the Student t-tests showed that the patient’s self-perception of posttreatment improvement is larger when ADRCs are used. Comparing pre- and posttreatment voice quality analysis, group I showed a p=0.053. Group II showed a p=0.007. There would be no significant differentiation between pre- and posttreatment results. This is true for group II and limited for group I. Conclusions. This prospective trial demonstrates the safety and efficacy of the treatment of glottal gap defects utilizing ADRC-enriched fat grafts. This trial is registered with NCT02904824.
Precision Targeted Therapy with BLU-667 for RET-Driven Cancers
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Gainor Justin F. , Rahal Rami , Brubaker Jason D. , Kim Joseph L. , Maynard Michelle , Hu Wei , Cao Qiongfang , Sheets Michael P. , Wilson Douglas , Wilson Kevin J. , DiPietro Lucian , Fleming Paul , Palmer Michael , Hu Mimi I. , Wirth Lori , Brose Marcia S. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Taylor Matthew , Garralda Elena , Miller Stephen , Wolf Beni , Lengauer Christoph , Guzi Timothy , Evans Erica K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase rearranged during transfection (RET) is an oncogenic driver activated in multiple cancers, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and papillary thyroid cancer. No approved therapies have been designed to target RET; treatment has been limited to multikinase inhibitors (MKI), which can have significant off-target toxicities and limited efficacy. BLU-667 is a highly potent and selective RET inhibitor designed to overcome these limitations. In vitro, BLU-667 demonstrated ≥10-fold increased potency over approved MKIs against oncogenic RET variants and resistance mutants. In vivo, BLU-667 potently inhibited growth of NSCLC and thyroid cancer xenografts driven by various RET mutations and fusions without inhibiting VEGFR2. In first-in-human testing, BLU-667 significantly inhibited RET signaling and induced durable clinical responses in patients with RET-altered NSCLC and MTC without notable off-target toxicity, providing clinical validation for selective RET targeting.
Significance: Patients with RET-driven cancers derive limited benefit from available MKIs. BLU-667 is a potent and selective RET inhibitor that induces tumor regression in cancer models with RET mutations and fusions. BLU-667 attenuated RET signaling and produced durable clinical responses in patients with RET-altered tumors, clinically validating selective RET targeting. Cancer Discov; 8(7); 836–49. ©2018 AACR.
See related commentary by Iams and Lovly, p. 797.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 781
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>“Bee-Flower-People Relationships, Field Biologists, and Conservation in Northwest Urban Costa Rica and Beyond.”</strong></p>
Authors: FRANKIE G. W. , COVILLE R. E. , PAWELE J. C. , JADALLAH C. C. , VINSON S. B. , MARTINEZ L. E.S. 
Published: April 2018

The forests of Costa Rica are rich in a wide variety of pollinator types and a very diverse flora that supports them. Our research group from the University of California, Berkeley and Texas A & M University, College Station has been researching the ecology of one pollinator group, the bees, in the northwest Guanacaste dry forest region since 1969. Much natural forest existed in this area when we first began the work. But, many land use changes have occurred over the years to present day to the point that it is difficult to find tracts of undisturbed forest suitable for field research, especially those not affected by wildfires, which are now common. Further, urban areas in the region continue to grow with increasing numbers of people populating the region. In this paper we provide an overview of our past bee-flower work for a historical perspective, and then weave in people that have now become an obvious ecological component of current bee-flower relationships. We also explore new questions that have become relevant through time, especially those related to researchers and potential conservation opportunities to share their stories with audiences that may extend their knowledge for practical use. Finally, we propose that researchers plan to devote some of their precious time establishing relationships with people in conserving what is left of bee-flower relationships in urban environments in Guanacaste and beyond in the country. Avenues for extending this knowledge are explored in this paper.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Urban Nature Gardens at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County attract “wildlife spectacle” of insect pollinators</strong></p>
Authors: HARTOP EMILY A. , LONG ELIZABETH , BORNSTEIN CAROL , GONZALEZ LISA , BROWN BRIAN V. 
Published: April 2018

The newly-constructed Nature Gardens at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (California, USA) were purposefully built to attract wildlife. In this study we wanted to find out to what extent this manufactured environment is successful in attracting native insect fauna to the urban core of the city when compared to the surrounding neighborhoods or natural areas on the periphery of Los Angeles. To determine this, a one-year Malaise trap catch from the Nature Gardens was compared with samples from four neighboring sites within a five-kilometer radius, as well as a site adjacent to natural habitat located sixteen kilometers away. Our analysis focused on the diversity and abundance of three pollinator groups: bees, flower flies and butterflies contrasted with a single non-pollinator group: scuttle flies. Our findings show that the Nature Gardens support greater abundance and diversity than any of the nearby sites or the natural site for all pollinator taxa examined. In contrast, the natural site supported much higher abundance and diversity of the non-pollinator scuttle flies when compared to the Nature Gardens. Calculated evenness of all taxa was lower in the Nature Gardens than at the natural site and Shannon Diversity indices were highest in the Nature Gardens for flower flies and butterflies, but lower in the Nature Gardens than at the natural site for bees and scuttle flies. These results indicate that biodiversity in an urban environment can be selectively manipulated through management of green spaces, but may not duplicate the communities found in natural spaces. Rather, targeted management (through plantings, ground cover and other substrates, watering, pest management techniques, etc.) can increase fauna predictively to create a “wildlife spectacle” of charismatic microfauna.
Provider Attitudes, Organizational Readiness for Change, and Uptake of Research Supported Treatment
Authors: Bornheimer Lindsay A. , Acri Mary , Parchment Tyrone , McKay Mary M. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: As implementation and evaluation of research supported treatment (RST) expands across diverse mental health settings, it is essential to understand the facilitators and inhibitors of uptake. The current study examined the relationships between organizational readiness for change, attitudes toward RST, and use of RST among a sample primarily of social workers. Methods: Participants included 158 providers from public child mental health outpatient clinics in the New York metropolitan area. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Use of RST was greater among providers who were younger and had fewer years of professional experience. Both organizational need for change and climate directly and indirectly related to use of RST through attitudes toward RST (partial mediator). Discussion: The organizational context is an important factor that relates to attitudes toward and use of RST in practice. Future research is needed to continue examining factors of RST uptake and sustainability.
Mineralogy, geochemistry and emplacement of the Conakry Igneous Complex, Guinea: implications for the Ni–Cu–PGE mineralization
Authors: Augé Thierry , Gloaguen Éric , Chevillard Matthieu , Bailly Laurent 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe Conakry Igneous Complex is a mafic-ultramafic intrusion emplaced contemporaneously with the opening of the Atlantic, forming a complex, 55 km x 5 km dyke-like body within which three main episodes of injection have been recognized, characterized by a lack of mineral layering. Unit 1 consists of dunite and related facies, Unit 2 of wehrlite and pyroxene peridotite and Unit 3 corresponds to various gabbro facies. Units 1 and 2 constitute the Kaloum Peninsula; Unit 3 is its NW extension, forming the 1010 m high Mount Kakoulima. Unit 3 intrudes the two previous units and corresponds to a tholeiitic liquid that crystallized in an almost closed system, and thus exhibits a strong differentiation trend, in contrast to Units 1 and 2. Mineral compositions suggest the existence of a deeper magma chamber where a first stage of differentiation occurred.Disseminated base-metal sulfides (BMS) are present in all units of the complex and earlier descriptions have mentioned a “massive sulfide layer” with 2 to 4 g/t PGE. Platinum-group minerals (PGM) are almost everywhere included in or attached to composite Ni–Fe–Cu sulfides. Most PGM grains form complex associations resulting either from exsolution or alteration. It is characteristic of the Conakry Igneous Complex PGM, described here for the first time, to be dominated by (Pd,Pt)(Te,Bi) minerals with rare Pd,Sn and Pd,Pb compositions and an absence of Pt,Pd sulfides and Pt,Pd antimonides.The constant association of the PGM with the BMS shows that the magmatic sulfide liquid acts as an efficient collector of PGE. In such a dynamic environment, the process leading to the formation of massive sulfides must be sought in the accumulation of sulfides in the conduit following host-rock assimilation. Accordingly, considering the multiple injection processes that characterize the whole intrusion, the potential for discovering additional Ni–Cu–PGE mineralization in the Conakry Igneous Complex remains high.
Cancer mortality in Serbia, 1991–2015: an age‐period‐cohort and joinpoint regression analysis
Authors: Ilic Milena , Ilic Irena 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs the result of dramatic political changes, civil wars, and a long‐term refugee crisis from the end of the last to beginning of this century, the population of Serbia has experienced significant health problems. The aim of this study was to assess cancer mortality trends in Serbia.MethodsThis nationwide study was carried out to analyze cancer mortality in Serbia during 1991–2015 using official data. The age‐standardized mortality rates (per 100,000) were calculated by direct standardization, using the world standard population by Segi. The average annual percent change (AAPC) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed using joinpoint regression analysis. Age‐period‐cohort analysis was performed to address the possible underlying reasons for the observed temporal trends.ResultsOver the 25‐year study period, there were 466,075 cancer deaths (266,043 males and 200,032 females) in Serbia. Overall cancer mortality increased between 1991 and 2009 in both males (by + 0.9% per year) and females (by + 0.8% per year) and has been decreasing since then, by − 0.9% annually in both sexes. For almost all major cancers except stomach cancer, cancer mortality in Serbia demonstrated upward trends during the study period. The largest increases were noted in lung cancer among females (AAPC = + 3.7, 95% CI 3.5–3.9) and prostate cancer in males (AAPC = + 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.3).ConclusionsAfter two decades of increase, cancer mortality rates are finally declining in Serbia. Despite this, these rates place Serbia among the countries with the highest cancer mortality in the world.
BRAF in Lung Cancers: Analysis of Patient Cases Reveals Recurrent BRAF Mutations, Fusions, Kinase Duplications, and Concurrent Alterations
Authors: Sheikine Yuri , Pavlick Dean , Klempner Samuel J. , Trabucco Sally E. , Chung Jon H. , Rosenzweig Mark , Wang Kai , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Frampton Garrett M. , Peled Nir , Murray Molly , Chae Young Kwang , Albacker Lee A. , Gay Laurie , Husain Hatim , Suh James H. , Millis Sherri Z. , Reddy Venkataprasanth P. , Elvin Julia A. , Hartmaier Ryan J. , Dowlati Afshin , Stephens Phil , Ross Jeffrey S. , Bivona Trever G. , Miller Vincent A. , Ganesan Shridar , Schrock Alexa B. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Ali Siraj M. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Dabrafenib and trametinib are approved for the management of advanced non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) that harbor BRAF V600E mutations. Small series and pan-cancer analyses have identified non-V600 alterations as therapeutic targets. We sought to examine a large genomic data set to comprehensively characterize non-V600 B RAF alterations in lung cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 23,396 patients with lung cancer provided data to assay with comprehensive genomic profiling. Data were reviewed for predicted pathogenic BRAF base substitutions, short insertions and deletions, copy number changes, and rearrangements. Results Adenocarcinomas represented 65% of the occurrences; NSCLC not otherwise specified (NOS), 15%; squamous cell carcinoma, 12%; and small-cell lung carcinoma, 5%. BRAF was altered in 4.5% (1,048 of 23,396) of all tumors; 37.4% (n = 397) were BRAF V600E, 38% were BRAF non-V600E activating mutations, and 18% were BRAF inactivating. Rearrangements were observed at a frequency of 4.3% and consisted of N-terminal deletions (NTDs; 0.75%), kinase domain duplications (KDDs; 0.75%), and BRAF fusions (2.8%). The fusions involved three recurrent fusion partners: ARMC10, DOCK4, and TRIM24. BRAF V600E was associated with co-occurrence of SETD2 alterations, but other BRAF alterations were not and were instead associated with CDKN2A, TP53, and STK11 alterations ( P < .05). Potential mechanisms of acquired resistance to BRAF V600E inhibition are demonstrated. Conclusion This series characterized the frequent occurrence (4.4%) of BRAF alterations in lung cancers. Recurrent BRAF alterations in NSCLC adenocarcinoma are comparable to the frequency of other NSCLC oncogenic drivers, such as ALK, and exceed that of ROS1 or RET. This work supports a broad profiling approach in lung cancers and suggests that non-V600E BR AF alterations represent a subgroup of lung cancers in which targeted therapy should be considered.
Problem stylizacji w tłumaczeniu dzieł Witolda Gombrowicza
Authors: Salmeri Claudio 
Published: April 2018

Style as a Specific Problem of Literary Translation. An overview of the English and Italian Translations of Witold Gombrowicz’s Works
This research study deals with an area which has largely escaped the attention of researchers so far, i.e. linguistic equivalence and the limits to the translatability of Gombrowicz’s convoluted style, an effective deterrent for other translators. This article investigates the English and Italian translations of various works of Gombrowicz. Particular attention must be paid to the way in which translators have rendered the Polish original, and above all to the vocabulary, phrasing and structure of the language used by Gombrowicz in the Italian and English languages.