bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth traits of the exotic plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris and the evenness of resident plant communities are mediated by community age, not species diversity
Authors: Qin T‐J , Guan Y‐T , Quan H , Dong B‐C , Luo F‐L , Zhang M‐X , Li H‐L , Yu F‐H 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBiological invasions are determined by interactions between resident plant communities and exotic plants. Time of invasion and species diversity of resident plant communities may greatly affect exotic plant invasions. We assembled low‐ and high‐diversity resident plant communities by sowing seeds of four and eight grassland species, respectively, and at each of three time periods (1, 4 and 7 weeks after sowing), the resident communities were invaded by Hydrocotyle vulgaris or not. We also constructed a plant community with H. vulgaris alone. Presence of H. vulgaris had no effect on biomass of the resident communities or biomass of each component species. Community age significantly affected biomass and evenness of the resident communities, and their competition with H. vulgaris, but the priority effect of the resident communities was slight. Increasing species richness did not change the interaction between H. vulgaris and the resident plant communities. These findings suggest a weaker competitive exclusionary effect of H. vulgaris on the resident communities with early germination, and H. vulgaris tended to have no significant impact on intact resident terrestrial plant communities. Thus, the potential risk of H. vulgaris invasion is low, especially in the communities with young age.
A review on different methods to increase the efficiency of mesenchymal stem cell‐based wound therapy
Authors: Shojaei Fereshteh , Rahmati Shima , Banitalebi Dehkordi Mehdi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) accelerate wound healing but the harsh environment of wound site limits the engraftment, retention, and survival rate of transplanted cells. There are multiple approaches that amplify the therapeutic potential of MSCs. The MSCs derived from medical waste material, provide comparable regenerative abilities compared to traditional sources. The application of different scaffolds increases MSC delivery and migration into the wound. The spheroid culture of MSC increases the paracrine effects of the entrapped cells and the secretion of pro‐angiogenic and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. The MSC pretreating and preconditioning enhances the cell migration, proliferation, and survival rate, which lead to higher angiogenesis, re‐epithelialization, wound closure, and granulation tissue formation. Moreover, genetic modification has been performed in order to increase MSC angiogenesis, differentiation potential, as well as the cell life span. Herein, we review the results of aforementioned approaches and provide information accommodating to the continued development of MSC‐based wound therapy in the future.
Prevalence of foot ulcers in dialysis‐dependent patients
Authors: Brekelmans Wouter , Borger van der Burg Boudewijn L. S. , Vroom Michiel A. , Kreuger Marrigje J. , Schrander van der Meer Anita M. , Hoencamp Rigo 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTHemodialysis patients are at high risk for foot ulceration. The aim of this prospective study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors for foot ulcers in hemodialysis‐dependent patients. From 2012 until 2015, all hemodialysis patients (n = 66) above18 years of age, treated at the Alrijne Hospital (Leiderdorp, the Netherlands), were included. Demographics and medical history were collected and the quality of life was measured. Data were collected on common risk factors for foot ulceration: peripheral arterial disease, peripheral neuropathy with or without foot deformities, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, smoking, previous foot ulcer, edema, pedicure attendance, and orthopedic footwear. Sixty‐six hemodialysis patients were evaluated; the prevalence of foot ulcer was 21/66 (31.8%). Risk factors were history of foot ulceration in 27/66 (40.9%), ankle‐brachial index (ABI) <0.9, and toe pressure < 80 mmHg in 38/66 (57.6%). The percentage of DM in the group of foot‐ulcers was higher 13/21 (61.9%) vs. 20/45 (44.4%) in the non‐ulcer group, this was not significant (p = 0.183). No differences were found in ABI, toe pressure, peripheral neuropathy and foot deformity, between the DM and non DM group. The mortality between ulcer vs. no ulcer was significant different: 13/21 (61.9%) vs. 11/45 (24.4%) (p = 0.003). Approximately, one‐third of hemodialysis patient have a foot ulcer 21/66 (32%). Arterial insufficiency is associated with an increased risk of foot ulcers. In patients with a foot ulcer, survival is significantly lower than in patients without a foot ulcer; interventions to reduce foot ulceration should be implemented for all hemodialysis patients and include frequent inspection, and prompt treatment. Further research should focus on the prevention of foot ulcers in dialysis‐dependent patients.
Effectiveness of adjusting radiographic technique parameters on image quality in direct digital radiography: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Steffensen Caitlin , Trypis Gregory , Mander Gordon T.W. , Munn Zachary 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The purpose of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of adjusting radiographic technique parameters on image quality of projectional radiographs acquired on a direct digital radiography system.

Introduction:
Projectional radiography performed with direct digital detectors is now commonplace in many medical imaging departments across the world. While the acquisition technology has advanced, it appears that many sites have not optimized their radiographic technique factors for this new technology. The aim of this review is to uncover evidence to support the continued use of these traditional technique parameters or to suggest changes in clinical practice that would produce optimized results.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies that include projectional radiographs acquired on a direct digital radiography system of the axial and appendicular skeleton. Only studies that investigate a human subject (living or post-mortem), or an anthropomorphic phantom will be included. Studies that directly investigate the effect of changing a technique parameter on the resultant image quality and the effect on patient dose will be included.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of both published and unpublished literature will be performed to uncover studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies will be screened for inclusion by two reviewers and disagreements resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. Studies included in final analysis will be critically appraised for methodological quality. Data will be extracted by a single reviewer and checked by the author team for accuracy. Statistical meta-analysis and subgroup analyses will be performed as appropriate, and a Summary of Findings created.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019137806
Non-pharmacological interventions used during the perioperative period to prevent anxiety in adolescents: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Pestana-Santos Marcia , Santos Margarida Reis , Cardoso Daniela , Lomba Lurdes 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to map the range of non-pharmacological interventions used during the perioperative period to prevent anxiety in adolescents.

Introduction:
Evidence shows that 80% of adolescents report having experienced significant anxiety in the perioperative period. Non-pharmacological interventions implemented in the perioperative period are recommended as a resource to help to control anticipatory, separation and perioperative anxiety and fear related to surgical procedures in adolescents.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that focus on adolescents aged 10 to 19 who have undergone a surgical procedure, regardless of the type of surgery, and participated in non-pharmacological interventions aimed to prevent anxiety in the perioperative period. The intervention may be provided by any healthcare professional. Studies related to non-pharmacological interventions associated with hospitalization in a non-surgical context will be excluded.

Methods:
The methodology will follow the JBI recommendations for scoping reviews. Any published and unpublished sources of information will be considered. Studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese will be included, with no geographical or cultural limitations. Duplicates will be removed and two independent reviewers will screen the abstracts and assess the full text of selected studies, based on the inclusion criteria. The results of study selection will be presented in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram for scoping reviews. Data synthesis will be presented in a narrative summary to provide a description of the existing evidence.
Interprofessional team-based primary health care for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bobbette Nicole , Donnelly Catherine , Ufholz Lee-Anne , Duggan Jane , Weatherbed Emily 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to examine the state of the evidence for interprofessional team-based primary health care for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Introduction:
Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities have complex health needs, as well as experience health service inequities. Interprofessional primary healthcare teams offer access to comprehensive primary health care and are recommended as an approach to improve the health of this population. At present, limited information is available regarding what services interprofessional primary healthcare teams provide and how services are evaluated specific to the care of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider all studies that reference individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who are 18 years and over. It will consider all studies that refer to interprofessional healthcare provision within a primary healthcare team context. Interprofessional care is the term that will be used to describe services provided by interprofessional health providers (e.g. nurses, dietitians, social workers) in these teams. Work completed by physicians and nurses within traditional general practices will be excluded.

Methods:
This review will be conducted according to the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. It will consider quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods study designs for inclusion. In addition, systematic reviews, program descriptions, clinical reviews and opinion papers will be considered. The review will consider all studies published since 2000 in English or French. All duplicates will be removed from identified citations. A data extraction tool will assist reviewers to identify and synthesize findings from selected papers.
Rosa caninaL. methanolic extract prevents heat stress‐induced memory dysfunction in rats
Authors: Erfani Marjan , Ghazi Tabatabaei Zohreh , Sadigh‐Eteghad Saeed , Farokhi‐Sisakht Fatemeh , Farajdokht Fereshteh , Mahmoudi Javad , Karimi Pouran , Nasrolahi Ava 
Published: July 2019

New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study?Heat stress has harmful effects on the brain structure and synaptic density via induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which result in neuronal damage in the hippocampus and thereby cognitive impairments. In this study, we investigate the effect ofRosa caninatreatment on cognitive function in heat stress‐exposed rats and its underlying mechanisms.What is the main finding and its importance?We show thatR. caninaimproves cognitive deficits induced by heat stress by attenuation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and by upregulation of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus.AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous methanolic extract ofRosa canina(RC) dried fruits on oxidative stress, inflammation, synaptic degeneration and memory dysfunction induced by heat stress (HS) in rats. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: the control group received normal saline (NS); the HS group was exposed to heat stress (43°C) for 15 min once a day for 2 weeks; and HS+R groups were exposed to heat stress and received one of three doses (250, 500 or 1000 mg kg−1) of RC methanolic extract for 2 weeks. A passive avoidance test and a Y‐maze test were performed to assess learning and memory. The levels of reactive oxygen species were assessed. The serum cortisol concentration and hippocampal total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also detected using spectrophotometry. The protein expressions of c‐Fos, heat‐shock protein‐70, tumour necrosis factor‐α, growth‐associated protein 43, post‐synaptic density‐95 and synaptophysin were evaluated in the hippocampal tissue. The results showed that RC significantly improved cognitive dysfunction induced by HS, which was accompanied by downregulation of tumour necrosis factor‐α and upregulation of growth‐associated protein 43 and synaptophysin proteins in the hippocampus of HS‐exposed rats. Furthermore, RC significantly attenuated serum cortisol concentrations and upregulated heat shock protein‐70 and c‐Fos in the hippocampus. In addition, the administration of RC attenuated reactive oxygen species levels and enhanced antioxidant defense in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that RC attenuated the deleterious effect of HS on cognition through its antioxidant properties and by enhancing synaptic function and plasticity.
Immunology ofMycobacterium tuberculosisInfections
Authors: Sia Jonathan Kevin , Rengarajan Jyothi 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health challenge that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. TB is caused by infection with the bacilliMycobacterium tuberculosis(M. tuberculosis), which has evolved a wide variety of strategies in order to thrive within its host. Understanding the complex interactions betweenM. tuberculosisand host immunity can inform the rational design of better TB vaccines and therapeutics. This chapter covers innate and adaptive immunity againstM. tuberculosisinfection, including insights on bacterial immune evasion and subversion garnered from animal models of infection and human studies. In addition, this chapter discusses the immunology of the TB granuloma, TB diagnostics, and TB comorbidities. Finally, this chapter provides a broad overview of the current TB vaccine pipeline.
Pathogenicity of Enterococci
Authors: Fiore Elizabeth , Van Tyne Daria , Gilmore Michael S. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Enterococci are unusually well adapted for survival and persistence in a variety of adverse environments, including on inanimate surfaces in the hospital environment and at sites of infection. This intrinsic ruggedness undoubtedly played a role in providing opportunities for enterococci to interact with other overtly drug-resistant microbes and acquire additional resistances on mobile elements. The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance among hospital-adapted enterococci has rendered hospital-acquired infections a leading therapeutic challenge. With about a quarter of a genome of additional DNA conveyed by mobile elements, there are undoubtedly many more properties that have been acquired that help enterococci persist and spread in the hospital setting and cause diseases that have yet to be defined. Much remains to be learned about these ancient and rugged microbes, particularly in the area of pathogenic mechanisms involved with human diseases.
Interpreting large detrital geochronology data sets in retroarc foreland basins: An example from the Magallanes-Austral Basin, southernmost Patagonia
Authors: Sickmann Zachary T. , Schwartz Theresa M. , Malkowski Matthew A. , Dobbs Stephen C. , Graham Stephan A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Magallanes-Austral retroarc foreland basin of southernmost South America presents an excellent setting in which to examine interpretive methods for large detrital zircon data sets. The source regions for retroarc foreland basins generally, and the Magallanes-Austral Basin specifically, can be broadly divided into (1) the magmatic arc, (2) the fold-and-thrust belt, and (3) sources around the periphery of foreland flexural subsidence. In this study, we used an extensive detrital zircon data set (30 new, 87 previously published samples) that is complemented by a large modal provenance data set of 183 sandstone petrography samples (32 new, 151 previously published) and rare earth element geochemical analyses (130 previously published samples) to compare the results of empirical (multidimensional scaling) and interpretive (age binning based on source regions) treatments of detrital zircon data, ultimately to interpret the detailed evolution of sediment dispersal patterns and their tectonic controls in the Magallanes-Austral Basin. Detrital zircon sample groupings based on both a priori age binning and multidimensional scaling are required to maximize the potential of the Magallanes-Austral Basin data set. Multidimensional scaling results are sensitive to differences in major unimodal arc-related U-Pb detrital zircon ages and less sensitive to differences in multimodal, thrust belt–related age peaks. These sensitivities complicate basin-scale interpretations when data from poorly understood, less densely sampled sectors are compared to data from better-understood, more densely sampled sectors. Source region age binning alleviates these biases and compares well with multidimensional scaling results when samples from the less well-understood southern basin sector are excluded. Sample groupings generated by both multidimensional scaling and interpretive methods are also compatible with compositional provenance data. Together, this integration of provenance data and methods facilitates a detailed interpretation of sediment dispersal patterns and their tectonic controls for the Late Cretaceous to Eocene fill of the Magallanes-Austral retroarc foreland basin. We interpret that provenance signatures and dispersal patterns during the retroarc foreland phase were fundamentally controlled by conditions set by a predecessor extensional basin phase, including (1) variable magnitude of extension with latitude, (2) the composition of lithologies emplaced on the antecedent western flank, and (3) long-lasting structural discontinuities associated with early rifting that may have partitioned dispersal systems or controlled the location of long-lived drainage networks.
Neurodevelopment at 2 years corrected age among Vietnamese preterm infants
Authors: Do Chuong Huu Thieu , Kruse Alexandra Yasmin , Wills Bridget , Sabanathan Saraswathy , Clapham Hannah , Pedersen Freddy Karup , Pham Thanh Ngoc , Vu Phuc Minh , Børresen Malene Landbo 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPreterm infants are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay, but data on long-term outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries remain scarce.ObjectivesTo examine neurodevelopment using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-3rd edition (Bayley-III) and neurological findings in 2-year-old preterm infants, and to compare with healthy Vietnamese infants. Further, to assess factors associated with neurodevelopmental impairment.Design and settingCohort study to follow up preterm infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary children’s hospital in Vietnam.ParticipantsInfants born at <37 weeks of gestational age.Main outcomesBayley-III assessment and neurological examination at 2-year corrected age (CA) compared with healthy Vietnamese infants.ResultsOf 294 NICU preterm infants, Bayley-III scores of all 184/243 (76%) survivors at 2 years CA were significantly lower than those of healthy Vietnamese peers in all three domains: cognition (mean (SD): 84.5 (8.6) vs 91.4 (7.5), p<0.001), language (mean (SD): 88.7 (12.5) vs 95.9 (11.9), p<0.001) and motor (mean (SD): 93.1 (9.0) vs 96.8 (9.3), p=0.003). The mean differences in Bayley-III scores between preterm and healthy Vietnamese infants were −6.9 (−9.1 to −4.7), −7.2 (−10.5 to −3.8) and −3.7 (−6.1 to −1.2) for cognitive, language and motor scores, respectively. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment was 17% for cognitive, 8% for language and 4% for motor performance. In total, 7% were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Higher maternal education was positively associated with infant neurodevelopment (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.94).ConclusionsVietnamese preterm infants in need of neonatal intensive care showed poor neurodevelopment at 2 years. Higher maternal education was positively associated with infant neurodevelopment. Standard follow-up programmes for preterm infants should be considered in low-resource settings.
Association of the ZC3H11B, ZFHX1B and SNTB1 genes with myopia of different severities
Authors: Tang Shu Min , Li Fen Fen , Lu Shi Yao , Kam Ka Wai , Tam Pancy O S , Tham Clement C , Pang Chi Pui , Yam Jason C S , Chen Li Jia 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ZC3H11B, ZFHX1B, VIPR2, SNTB1 and MIPEP genes with severities of myopia in Chinese populations.MethodsBased on previous myopia genome-wide association studies, five SNPs (ZC3H11B rs4373767, ZFHX1B rs13382811, VIPR2 rs2730260, SNTB1 rs7839488 and MIPEP rs9318086) were selected for genotyping in a Chinese cohort of 2079 subjects: 252 extreme myopia, 277 high myopia, 393 moderate myopia, 366 mild myopia and 791 non-myopic controls. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan assays. Allelic frequencies of the SNPs were compared with myopia severities and ophthalmic biometric measurements.ResultsThe risk allele T of ZC3H11B SNP rs4373767 was significantly associated with high myopia (OR=1.39, p=0.007) and extreme myopia (OR=1.34, p=0.013) when compared with controls, whereas ZFHX1B rs13382811 (allele T, OR=1.33, p=0.018) and SNTB1 rs7839488 (allele G, OR=1.71, p=8.44E-05) were significantly associated with extreme myopia only. In contrast, there was no significant association of these SNPs with moderate or mild myopia. When compared with mild myopia, subjects carrying T allele of rs4373767 had a risk of progressing to high myopia (spherical equivalent ≤−6 dioptres) (OR=1.29, p=0.017). Similarly, the T allele of rs13382811 also imposed a significant risk to high myopia (OR=1.36, p=0.007). In quantitative traits analysis, SNPs rs4373767, rs13382811 and rs7839488 were correlated with axial length and refractive errors.ConclusionsWe confirmed ZC3H11B as a susceptibility gene for high and extreme myopia, and ZFHX1B and SNTB for extreme myopia in Chinese populations. Instead of myopia onset, these three genes were more likely to impose risks of progressing to high and extreme myopia.