bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors: A Timely Review of Diagnostic Pathology
Authors: Hui Pei 
Published: November 2018

Context.—Gestational trophoblastic tumors include 3 distinct entities: gestational choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Accurate diagnosis is important for clinical management of the patient.Objective.—To review clinical features and pathologic diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic tumors.Data Sources.—Literature and personal experience are the sources for this study.Conclusions.—Trophoblastic tumors are rare encounters in modern medicine, as a result of clinical practice of molar surveillance programs and early chemotherapeutic intervention for persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Diagnostic recognition of these tumors requires a high index of suspicion, awareness of their histologic characteristics, and appropriate application of immunohistochemical and molecular biomarkers. Recent attention has been given to a few precursor lesions of gestational trophoblastic tumors, including early/in situ choriocarcinoma and atypical placental site nodule.
TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS USING THE A2O-MBBR METHOD
Authors: Nhan Vu Duy , Tu Nguyen Van , Nhan Nguyen Thi , Nhan Vu Duy , Huong Le Mai , Tsarev Yuri V. , Huong Le Thi Mai 
Published: November 2018

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is widely used in explosives production. Since it is toxic and mutagenic to humans and animals, decontamination of TNT wastewater is necessary. Wastewater, containing TNT, from four factories in Vietnam producing industrial explosives were collected. The samples had different characteristics and varied widely, especially in terms of TNT concentration, depending on the technology and production management method at each plant. The TNT concentration ranged from 25 to 128 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 128 to 650 mg/l, BOD5 ranged from 28 to 67 mg/l, NH4+ranged from 23 to 325 mg/l, T-P ranged from 0.13 to 0.38, and pH ranged from 6.5 to 8.2. In Vietnam, removal of TNT is carried out using granular activated carbon adsorption and an incineration method. This method is expensive and generates secondary pollution. To overcome these drawbacks, the combination of an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic and moving bed biofilm reactor (A2O-MBBR) for treating TNT wastewater was investigated in this study. Reaction tanks of the A2O-MBBR system were supplemented with activated sludges, from a wastewater treatment station in Chemical and Electrical Engineering Company 15, containing biological preparations of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. The results showed that after 30 days under operating conditions of COD of 200-250 mg/l, MSLL of 1800-3000 mg/l, and DO of 5 mg/l, COD removal efficiency reached approximately 70-83%, the TNT concentration decreased by 91-99.7% (to approximately 0.5- 2 mg/l), and the ammonium concentration fell to 15-17 mg/l (reaching 42.8–66% removal efficiency after 24 h of treatment).
For citation:
Nhan Vu Duy, Tu Nguyen Van, Nhan Nguyen Thi, Huong Le Mai, Tsarev Yu.V., Huong Le Thi Mai Treatment of wastewater containing aromatic nitro compounds using the A2O-MBBR method. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 113-119
ANALYSIS OF THE CATALYST OF THE MEDIUM-TEMPERATURE CONVERSION OF CARBON MONOXIDE BY WATER VAPOR
Authors: Rumyantsev R. N. , Lebedev M. A. , Popov D. S. , Il’in A. A. , Uzhevskaya U. S. , Il’in A. P. 
Published: November 2018

The work is devoted to the investigation of the iron-chromium catalyst, which is used at the stage of medium-temperature conversion of carbon monoxide by steam in large-capacity ammonia and hydrogen production. S brand catalyst was chosen аs the object for research. Literature data on the properties of this object are absent. In carrying out the work, such research methods as X-ray phase, synchronous thermal and laser analysis, scanning electron spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and the method of low-temperature adsorption-desorption of nitrogen were used. It is shown that, in addition to the main components (Fe, Cr, Cu) the catalyst contains promoters (Ca, Mn) in the form of compounds in the nanodispersed X-ray diffraction phase.The investigated catalyst has a rather developed specific surface, which is 96.4 ± 0.5 m2/g. By processing nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, it has been found that there are no micro- and macropores in the sample, and the available mesopores have sizes from 3 to 15 nm. The catalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by the degree of CO conversion in the catalytic high-pressure unit PKU-2. The maximum degree of CO conversion is reached 91% at 360 °C. Analysis of the steam condensate formed during the conversion revealed the presence of methyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, butanol in it. The results of the work performed can be used to develop new, more efficient, catalytic systems for the process of medium-temperature conversion of carbon monoxide by steam.
For citation:
Rumyantsev R.N., Lebedev M.A., Popov D.S., Il’in A.A., Uzhevskaya U.S., Il’in A.P. Analysis of catalyst of medium-temperature conversion of carbon monoxide by water vapor. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 83-88
INVESTIGATION OF PROCESS OF NATURAL GRAPHITE SPHEROIDIZATION
Authors: Yudina Tatiana F. , Blinichev Valeryan N. , Bratkov Iliya V. , Gushchina Tatiana V. , Melnikov Aleksey G. 
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the process of spheroidization of natural graphite powders on an original impact-reflecting mill with internal separation of particles was investigated. It was established that the process of spheroidization of natural graphite by impact depends both on the intensity and duration of mechanical activation. For the type of mill used, the critical linear velocity of the impact elements of the mill rotor, at which the graphite particles can be spheroidized, is 45 m/s. An increase in the linear rotational speed of the mill (intensity of impact) leads to a decrease in the average particle size, an increase in particle roundness, but significantly increases product losses. In the process of mechanical activation by impact, it is possible to increase the coefficient of roundness of the graphite particles to an average value of 0.8-0.9, which leads to compaction of graphite powders. The presence of ash impurities has a negative effect on the ability of natural graphite powders to compact. A mechanism is proposed for the process of spheroidization of graphite particles in a shock-reflecting mill. According to the proposed mechanism, at first, small-sized graphite plates are detached and deformed due to impact. As the free energy accumulates, agglomeration of deformed particles into spheres takes place. With increasing processing time, the surface of the particles is smoothed due to their friction with each other and against the wall of the mill. Powders of spherical graphite obtained by the proposed method have shown the possibility of their use as an anode material of lithium-ion batteries. The type of equipment investigated has made it possible to reduce the required number of pieces of equipment from 20 to 12 impact mills per line in comparison with foreign analogues.
For citation:
Yudina T.F., Blinichev V.N., Bratkov I.V., Gushchina Т.V., Melnikov A.G. Investigation of process of natural graphite spheroidization. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 48-52
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLUID DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF BIOMASS PARTICLES IN FLUIDIZED BEDS: A REVIEW
Authors: Tannous Katia , De Mitri Aline Gallo , Mizonov Vadim 
Published: November 2018

Decease of natural resources and increase of price of fossil fuels at growing energy consumption, toughening of ecological standards and necessity of the increase of the level of energetics diversification motivates mankind to more wide usage of renewable energy resources including the solid fuel of biological origin. The potential of biofuel usage is rather considerable because the energy equivalent of the biomass harvest on the land exceeds the worldwide energy consumption several times as much. The biomass application as a renewable fuel is already a reality worldwide with the development of policies and technologies that turn viable the transformation of biomass into energy. The aims of this work is to present a literature experimental review on the studies concerning to the use of fluidized beds taking into account their design and scale-up. Initially, the usual solid particle terminology and some important biomass properties are presented. A brief description of conversion technologies and the fluidization phenomena are introduced, followed by an explanation of the different experimental techniques. The characteristic velocities (initial, apparent, of segregation, and complete) are discussed based on different biomass properties, as well as a number of empirical correlations for these velocities are described. Finally, some considerations are made about characteristic bed porosities (apparent and complete) and bed expansion. Based on the literature analysis, an improvement has been done on the understanding of the biomass fluidization phenomena, however, further research is needed to comprehend the effect of biomass characteristics on the bed operational parameters, besides more accurate and general correlations must be developed to improve these technologies.
For citation:
Tannous K., De Mitri A.G., Mizonov V. Experimental study of fluid dynamic behavior of biomassparticles in fluidized beds: a review. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 4-14
L’immigration indienne en Guadeloupe et dans la Caraïbe Française. La même… et une autre qu’à Trinidad ! 1848[1853-1889]1923
Authors: Caïlachon Jack 
Published: November 2018

Comme Trinidad, la Guadeloupe, la Guyane et la Martinique ont en partage – avec quelques autres territoires voisins – l’expérience d’une immigration indienne au XIX

ème

siècle qui, dans des proportions très variables, a un peu reconfiguré leurs sociétés créoles telles qu’elles se donnent à voir au début du XXI

ème

. L’empreinte ainsi laissée par cette séquence historique est incomparablement plus puissante à Trinidad que dans la Caraïbe française où elle est davantage de l’ordre du filigrane, mais dont les traits s’accentuent progressivement grâce à un militantisme culturel amorcé à partir des années 1960 par des guadeloupéens, martiniquais et guyanais d’ascendance indienne, ou métissée indienne. La conférence d’aujourd’hui à l’Alliance Française de Port- d’Espagne, à Trinidad & Tobago, s’articulera autour de deux grands axes : le premier touchant à l’histoire de cette immigration du XIX

ème

siècle dans les colonies de la France dans la Caraïbe ; le second portant un regard socioculturel sur le reflet indien des sociétés créoles de la Caraïbe française d’aujourd’hui.
Pemodelan debit banjir sehubungan dengan prediksi perubahan tutupan lahan di daerah aliran Ci Leungsi Hulu menggunakan HEC-HMS
Authors: Marko Kuswantoro , Zulkarnain Faris 
Published: November 2018

<p><em>DAS Cileungsi Hulu adalah salah satu DAS yang memiliki peran penting dalam menyumbang limpasan air ke daerah hilir, yakni Kota Bekasi. Pertumbuhan penduduk yang tergolong tinggi telah mendorong perubahan pemanfaatan lahan secara signifikan. Salah satu penyebab banjir yang terjadi di Kota Bekasi adalah karena meningkatnya debit sungai di hulu Kali Bekasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi debit banjir yang akan terjadi sehubungan dengan prediksi perubahan tutupan lahan pada tahun 2020, 2025, dan 2030</em><em>. Metode SCS CN digunakan untuk perhitungan volume limpasan dan hidrograf satuan sintetis dengan menggunakan HEC-HMS. </em><em>Nilai CN yang diperoleh pada data eksisting yakni 72,5; 74,4; dan 75,4 pada tahun 2005, 2010, dan 2014 secara berurutan, sedangkan hasil prediksi nilai CN pada tahun 2020, 2025, dan 2030 mengalami peningkatan yakni 77,2; 78,4; dan 79,4 secara berurutan.</em><em> </em><em>Penelitian ini menyimpulkan prediksi debit banjir pada tahun 2020, 2025, dan 2030 mengalami peningkatan, yakni dari 2020 ke 2025 sebesar 28</em><em>,</em><em>4%, dan dari 2025 ke 2030 sebesar 26.8%. Untuk periode ulang 25 tahun dengan curah hujan rancangan sebesar 197mm menghasilkan debit banjir sebesar 624</em><em>,</em><em>6</em><em>;</em><em> 653</em><em>,</em><em>0</em><em>;</em><em> dan 679</em><em>,</em><em>8 m<sup>3</sup>/dt pada tahun 2020, 2025, dan 2030 secara berturut-turut. Penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi perencanaan pembangunan wilayah perkotaan, khususnya dalam mengantisipasi kerugian akibat adanya banjir di masa mendatang.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci:</em></strong><em> Pemodelan banjir, perubahan tutupan lahan, SCS-CN, HEC-HMS </em></p>
Essential tremor severity and anatomical changes in brain areas controlling movement sequencing
Authors: Benito‐León Julián , Serrano José Ignacio , Louis Elan D. , Holobar Ales , Romero Juan P. , Povalej‐Bržan Petra , Kranjec Jernej , Bermejo‐Pareja Félix , del Castillo María Dolores , Posada Ignacio Javier , Rocon Eduardo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical network has often been suggested to be of importance in the pathogenesis of essential tremor (ET), the origins of tremorgenic activity in this disease are not fully understood. We used a combination of cortical thickness imaging and neurophysiological studies to analyze whether the severity of tremor was associated with anatomical changes in the brain in ET patients.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a neurophysiological assessment were performed in 13 nondemented ET patients. High field structural brain MRI images acquired in a 3T scanner and analyses of cortical thickness and surface were carried out. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation was performed with the FreeSurfer image analysis software. We used high‐density surface electromyography (hdEMG) and inertial measurement units (IMUs) to quantify the tremor severity in upper extrimities of patients. In particular, advanced computer tool was used to reliably identify discharge patterns of individual motor units from surface hdEMG and quantify motor unit synchronization.ResultsWe found significant association between increased motor unit synchronization (i.e., more severe tremor) and cortical changes (i.e., atrophy) in widespread cerebral cortical areas, including the left medial orbitofrontal cortex, left isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, right paracentral lobule, right lingual gyrus, as well as reduced left supramarginal gyrus (inferior parietal cortex), right isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, left thalamus, and left amygdala volumes.InterpretationGiven that most of these brain areas are involved in controlling movement sequencing, ET tremor could be the result of an involuntary activation of a program of motor behavior used in the genesis of voluntary repetitive movements.
An Ambipolar Superconducting Field‐Effect Transistor Operating above Liquid Helium Temperature
Authors: Kawaguchi Genta , Bardin Andrey A. , Suda Masayuki , Uruichi Mikio , Yamamoto Hiroshi M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSuperconducting (SC) devices are attracting renewed attention as the demands for quantum‐information processing, meteorology, and sensing become advanced. The SC field‐effect transistor (FET) is one of the elements that can control the SC state, but its variety is still limited. Superconductors at the strong‐coupling limit tend to require a higher carrier density when the critical temperature (TC) becomes higher. Therefore, field‐effect control of superconductivity by a solid gate dielectric has been limited only to low temperatures. However, recent efforts have resulted in achieving n‐type and p‐type SC FETs based on organic superconductors whose TC exceed liquid He temperature (4.2 K). Here, a novel “ambipolar” SC FET operating at normally OFF mode with TC of around 6 K is reported. Although this is the second example of an SC FET with such an operation mode, the operation temperature exceeds that of the first example, or magic‐angle twisted‐bilayer graphene that operates at around 1 K. Because the superconductivity in this SC FET is of unconventional type, the performance of the present device will contribute not only to fabricating SC circuits, but also to elucidating phase transitions of strongly correlated electron systems.
Highly Crystalline K‐Intercalated Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Alkenes and Alkynes Deuterations
Authors: Qiu Chuntian , Xu Yangsen , Fan Xin , Xu Dong , Tandiana Rika , Ling Xiang , Jiang Yanan , Liu Cuibo , Yu Lei , Chen Wei , Su Chenliang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn addition to the significance of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, the utilization of the in situ generated H/D (deuterium) active species from water splitting for artificial photosynthesis of high value‐added chemicals is very attractive and promising. Herein, photocatalytic water splitting technology is utilized to generate D‐active species (i.e., Dad) that can be stabilized on anchored 2nd metal catalyst and are readily for tandem controllable deuterations of carbon–carbon multibonds to produce high value‐added D‐labeled chemicals/pharmaceuticals. A highly crystalline K cations intercalated polymeric carbon nitride (KPCN), rationally designed, and fabricated by a solid‐template induced growth, is served as an ultraefficient photocatalyst, which shows a greater than 18‐fold enhancement in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over the bulk PCN. The photocatalytic in situ generated D‐species by superior KPCN are utilized for selective deuteration of a variety of alkenes and alkynes by anchored 2nd catalyst, Pd nanoparticles, to produce the corresponding D‐labeled chemicals and pharmaceuticals with high yields and D‐incorporation. This work highlights the great potential of developing photocatalytic water splitting technology for artificial photosynthesis of value‐added chemicals instead of H2 evolution.
Concurrent Optical Gain Optimization and Electrical Tuning in Novel Oligomer:Polymer Blends with Yellow‐Green Laser Emission
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wei Qi , Guo Xiangru , Hai Gang , Sun Huizhi , Li Jiewei , Xia Ruidong , Qian Yan , Casado Santiago , Castro‐Smirnov José Raúl , Cabanillas‐Gonzalez Juan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractElectrically pumped organic lasing requires the integration of electrodes contact into the laser cavity in an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) or organic field effect transistor configuration to enable charge injection. Efficient and balanced carrier injection requires in turn alignment of the energy levels of the organic active layers with the Fermi levels of the cathode and anode. This can be achieved through chemical substitution with specific aromatic functional groups, although paying the price for a substantial (and often detrimental) change in the emission and light amplifying properties of the organic gain medium. Here, using host–guest energy transfer mixtures with hosts bearing a systematic and gradual shift in molecular orbitals is proposed, which reduces the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold of the organic gain medium significantly while leaving the peak emission unaffected. By virtue of the low guest doping required for complete host‐to‐guest energy transfer, the injection levels in the blends are attributed to the host whereas the gain properties solely depend on the guest. It is demonstrated that the ASE peak and thresholds of blends with different hosts do not differ while the current efficiency of OLEDs devices is deeply influenced by molecular orbital tuning of the hosts.
Correlation between Li Plating Behavior and Surface Characteristics of Carbon Matrix toward Stable Li Metal Anodes
Authors: Cui Jiang , Yao Shanshan , Ihsan‐Ul‐Haq Muhammad , Wu Junxiong , Kim Jang‐Kyo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbonaceous materials are widely employed to host Li for stable and safe Li metal batteries while relatively little effort is devoted to tailoring the surface properties of carbon to facilitate uniform Li plating. Herein, the correlation between Li plating behavior and the surface characteristics of electrospun porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) is systemically elucidated through experiments and theoretical calculations. It is revealed that the neat carbon surface suffers from severe lattice mismatch with Li metal, hindering uniform Li plating. In contrast, open pores created on the PCNF surface serve as active sites for controlled initial nucleation of Li. The introduction of oxygenated functional groups further facilitates the nucleation of Li on PCNFs through the largely reduced nucleation energy barrier. The Li film uniformly deposited on PCNFs enables efficient use of the whole carbon surface, giving rise to enhanced cyclic stability of the electrode. When used as an anode in lithium–sulfur batteries, the modified electrode delivers an excellent energy density of 385 Wh kg−1 after 100 cycles. The fundamental correlation established in this study is universal to all types of carbonaceous materials and sheds new light on the rational design of high‐performance Li metal anodes by controlling the initial Li nucleation.
Hierarchical Hollow‐Microsphere Metal–Selenide@Carbon Composites with Rational Surface Engineering for Advanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Ge Peng , Li Sijie , Xu Laiqiang , Zou Kangyu , Gao Xu , Cao Xiaoyu , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs a result of its high‐energy density, metal–selenides have demanded attention as a potential energy‐storage material. But they suffer from volume expansion, dissolved poly‐selenides and sluggish kinetics. Herein, utilizing' thermal selenization via the Kirkendall effect, microspheres of NiSe2 confined by carbon are successfully obtained from the self‐assembly of Ni‐precursor/PPy. The derived hierarchical hollow architecture increases the active defects for sodium storage, while the existing double N‐doped carbon layers significantly alleviate the volume swelling. As a result, it shows ultrafast rate capability, delivering a stable capacity of 374 mAh g−1, even after 3000 loops at 10.0 A g−1. These remarkable results may be ascribed to the NiOC bonds on the interface of NiSe2 and the carbon film, which leads to the faster transfer of ions, the effective trapping of poly‐selenide, and the highly reversible conversion reaction. The kinetic analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrates that the electrochemical process is mainly dominated by pseudocapacitive behaviors. Supported by the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it is confirmed that the solid–electrolyte interface films are reversibly formed/decomposed during cycling. Given this, this elaborate work might open up a potential avenue for the rational design of metal‐sulfur/selenide anodes for advanced battery systems.