bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications following lengthening of spinal growing implants: is postoperative admission necessary?
Authors: Shaw K. Aaron , Fletcher Nicholas D. , Devito Dennis P. , Murphy Joshua S. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of postoperative admission status on 30-day perioperative complications in patients with growing spinal instrumentation undergoing surgical lengthening.METHODSThis retrospective case-control study of records from the 2014–2015 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric database was performed to identify surgical lengthening procedures of spinal implants in patients with growing instrumentation by Current Procedural Terminology code. The 30-day postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo system. Patients were subdivided according to their postsurgical admission status. Admission status, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status classification, tracheostomy, neuromuscular diagnosis, ventilator dependence, and nutritional support were considered as possible risk factors in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.RESULTSA total of 796 patients were identified (mean age 9.09 ± 3.44 years; 54% of patients were female), of whom 73% underwent lengthening on an inpatient basis. Patients with a tracheostomy or ventilator dependence were more likely to be admitted postoperatively. The overall rate of major complications was 3.5% and did not differ based on admission status (2.8% inpatient vs 3.8% outpatient, p = 0.517). On univariate analysis, ventilator dependence (9.5% vs 2.7%, p = 0.002), need for nutritional support (7.1% vs 2.5%, p = 0.006), and ASA class > II (4.8% vs 1.3%, p = 0.04) placed patients at a higher risk for any postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis identified only ventilator dependence as an independent risk factor for any perioperative complication.CONCLUSIONSPostoperative admission status did not affect the rate of 30-day perioperative complications, readmission, or rate of unplanned operations following lengthening of growing spinal instrumentation. Outpatient lengthening appears to be safe; however, consideration for postoperative admission should be given for those who are ventilator dependent.
Speckle Interferometry of Red Dwarf Stars
Authors: Mason Brian D. , Hartkopf William I. , Miles Korie N. , Subasavage John P. , Raghavan Deepak , Henry Todd J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We report high-resolution optical speckle observations of 336 M dwarfs, which results in 113 measurements of the relative position of 80 systems and 256 other stars with no indications of duplicity. These are the first measurements for two of the systems. We also present the earliest measurements of relative position for 17 others. We include orbits for six of the systems, two revised and four reported for the first time. For one of the systems with a new orbit, G 161-7, we determine masses of 0.156 ± 0.011 and

for the A and B components, respectively. All six of these new calculated orbits have short periods (between five and 38 years) and hold the promise of deriving accurate masses in the near future. For many other pairs we can establish their nature as physical or chance alignment, depending on their relative motion. Of the 80 systems, 32 have calculated orbits, 25 others are physical pairs, four are optical pairs, and 19 are currently unknown.
Bayesian Analysis of Hot-Jupiter Radius Anomalies: Evidence for Ohmic Dissipation?
Authors: Thorngren Daniel P. , Fortney Jonathan J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The cause of hot-Jupiter radius inflation, where giant planets with

> 1000 K are significantly larger than expected, is an open question and the subject of many proposed explanations. Many of these hypotheses postulate an additional anomalous power that heats planets’ convective interiors, leading to larger radii. Rather than examine these proposed models individually, we determine what anomalous powers are needed to explain the observed population’s radii, and consider which models are most consistent with this. We examine 281 giant planets with well-determined masses and radii and apply thermal evolution and Bayesian statistical models to infer the anomalous power as a fraction of (and varying with) incident flux ϵ(F) that best reproduces the observed radii. First, we observe that the inflation of planets below about M = 0.5 M
J appears very different than their higher-mass counterparts, perhaps as the result of mass loss or an inefficient heating mechanism. As such, we exclude planets below this threshold. Next, we show with strong significance that ϵ(F) increases with

toward a maximum of ∼2.5% at T
eq ≈ 1500 K, and then decreases as temperatures increase further, falling to ∼0.2% at T
eff = 2500 K. This high-flux decrease in inflation efficiency was predicted by the Ohmic dissipation model of giant planet inflation but not other models. We also show that the thermal tides model predicts far more variance in radii than is observed. Thus, our results provide evidence for the Ohmic dissipation model and a functional form for ϵ(F) that any future theories of hot-Jupiter radii can be tested against.
Photodissociation of CS from Excited Rovibrational Levels
Authors: Pattillo R. J. , Cieszewski R. , Stancil P. C. , Forrey R. C. , Babb J. F. , McCann J. F. , McLaughlin B. M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Accurate photodissociation cross sections have been computed for transitions from the X 1Σ+ ground electronic state of CS to six low-lying excited electronic states. New ab initio potential curves and transition dipole moment functions have been obtained for these computations using the multi-reference configuration interaction approach with the Davidson correction (MRCI+Q) and aug-cc-pV6Z basis sets. State-resolved cross sections have been computed for transitions from nearly the full range of rovibrational levels of the X 1Σ+ state and for photon wavelengths ranging from 500 Å to threshold. Destruction of CS via predissociation in highly excited electronic states originating from the rovibrational ground state is found to be unimportant. Photodissociation cross sections are presented for temperatures in the range between 1000 and 10,000 K, where a Boltzmann distribution of initial rovibrational levels is assumed. Applications of the current computations to various astrophysical environments are briefly discussed focusing on photodissociation rates due to the standard interstellar and blackbody radiation fields.
The XCO Conversion Factor from Galactic Multiphase ISM Simulations
Authors: Gong Munan , Ostriker Eve C. , Kim Chang-Goo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

line emission is a widely used observational tracer of molecular gas, rendering essential the X
CO factor, which is applied to convert CO luminosity to

mass. We use numerical simulations to study how X
CO depends on numerical resolution, non-steady-state chemistry, physical environment, and observational beam size. Our study employs 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of galactic disks with solar neighborhood conditions, where star formation and the three-phase interstellar medium (ISM) are self-consistently regulated by gravity and stellar feedback. Synthetic CO maps are obtained by postprocessing the MHD simulations with chemistry and radiation transfer. We find that CO is only an approximate tracer of

. On parsec scales, W
CO is more fundamentally a measure of mass-weighted volume density, rather than

column density. Nevertheless,

, which is consistent with observations and insensitive to the evolutionary ISM state or radiation field strength if steady-state chemistry is assumed. Due to non-steady-state chemistry, younger molecular clouds have slightly lower

and flatter profiles of X
CO versus extinction than older ones. The

-dark

fraction is 26%–79%, anticorrelated with the average extinction. As the observational beam size increases from 1 to 100 pc,

increases by a factor of ∼2. Under solar neighborhood conditions,

in molecular clouds is converged at a numerical resolution of 2 pc. However, the total CO abundance and luminosity are not converged even at the numerical resolution of 1 pc. Our simulations successfully reproduce the observed variations of X
CO on parsec scales, as well as the dependence of X
CO on extinction and the CO excitation temperature.
ALMA Observations of Molecular Clouds in Three Group-centered Elliptical Galaxies: NGC 5846, NGC 4636, and NGC 5044
Authors: Temi Pasquale , Amblard Alexandre , Gitti Myriam , Brighenti Fabrizio , Gaspari Massimo , Mathews William G. , David Laurence 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present new ALMA CO(2–1) observations of two well-studied group-centered elliptical galaxies: NGC 4636 and NGC 5846. In addition, we include a revised analysis of Cycle 0 ALMA observations of the central galaxy in the NGC 5044 group. We find evidence that molecular gas is a common presence in bright group-centered galaxies (BGG). CO line widths are broader than Galactic molecular clouds, and using the reference Milky Way X
CO, the total molecular mass ranges from 2.6 × 105
M
⊙ in NGC 4636 to 6.1 × 107
M
⊙ in NGC 5044. Complementary observations using the ALMA Compact Array do not exhibit any detection of a CO diffuse component at the sensitivity level achieved by current exposures. The origin of the detected molecular features is still uncertain, but these ALMA observations suggest that they are the end product of the hot gas cooling process and not the result of merger events. Some of the molecular clouds are associated with dust features as revealed by HST dust extinction maps, suggesting that these clouds formed from dust-enhanced cooling. The global nonlinear condensation may be triggered via the chaotic turbulent field or buoyant uplift. The large virial parameter of the molecular structures and correlation with the warm (

)/hot (≥106) phase velocity dispersion provide evidence that they are unbound giant molecular associations drifting in the turbulent field, consistent with numerical predictions of the chaotic cold accretion process. Alternatively, the observed large CO line widths may be generated by molecular gas flowing out from cloud surfaces due to heating by the local hot gas atmosphere.
Projections of East Asian summer monsoon change at global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Xu Haiming , Deng Jiechun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Much research is needed regarding the two long-term warming targets of the
2015 Paris Agreement, i.e., 1.5 and 2 ∘C above pre-industrial
levels, especially from a regional perspective. The East Asian summer
monsoon (EASM) intensity change and associated precipitation change under
both warming targets are explored in this study. The multimodel ensemble mean
projections by 19 CMIP5 models show small increases in EASM intensity and
general increases in summer precipitation at 1.5 and 2 ∘C warming,
but with large multimodel standard deviations. Thus, a novel multimodel
ensemble pattern regression (EPR) method is applied to give more reliable
projections based on the concept of emergent constraints, which is
effective at tightening the range of multimodel diversity and harmonize the
changes of different variables over the EASM region. Future changes projected
by using the EPR method suggest decreased precipitation over the Meiyu belt
and increased precipitation over the high latitudes of East Asia and Central
China, together with a considerable weakening of EASM intensity. Furthermore,
reduced precipitation appears over 30–40∘ N of East Asia in
June and over the Meiyu belt in July, with enhanced precipitation at their
north and south sides. These changes in early summer are attributed to a
southeastward retreat of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and a
southward shift of the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ), which weaken the
moisture transport via southerly wind at low levels and alter vertical motions
over the EASM region. In August, precipitation would increase over the high
latitudes of East Asia with more moisture from the wetter area over the ocean
in the east and decrease over Japan with westward extension of WNPSH. These
monthly precipitation changes would finally contribute to a tripolar pattern
of EASM precipitation change at 1.5 and 2 ∘C warming. Corrected EASM
intensity exhibits a slight difference between 1.5 and 2 ∘C, but a
pronounced moisture increase during extra 0.5 ∘C leads to enhanced
EASM precipitation over large areas in East Asia at 2 ∘C warming.
SaLEM (v1.0) – the Soil and Landscape Evolution Model (SaLEM) for simulation of regolith depth in periglacial environments
Authors: Bock Michael , Conrad Olaf , Günther Andreas , Gehrt Ernst , Baritz Rainer , Böhner Jürgen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We propose the implementation of the Soil and Landscape Evolution
Model (SaLEM) for the spatiotemporal investigation of soil parent
material evolution following a lithologically differentiated approach.
Relevant parts of the established Geomorphic/Orogenic
Landscape Evolution Model (GOLEM) have been adapted for an
operational Geographical Information System (GIS) tool within the open-source software framework System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA), thus
taking advantage of SAGA's capabilities for geomorphometric analyses. The
model is driven by palaeoclimatic data (temperature, precipitation)
representative of periglacial areas in northern Germany over the last
50 000 years. The initial conditions have been determined for a test site by
a digital terrain model and a geological model. Weathering, erosion and
transport functions are calibrated using extrinsic (climatic) and intrinsic
(lithologic) parameter data. First results indicate that our differentiated
SaLEM approach shows some evidence for the spatiotemporal prediction of
important soil parental material properties (particularly its depth). Future
research will focus on the validation of the results against field data, and
the influence of discrete events (mass movements, floods) on soil parent
material formation has to be evaluated.
Characterizing severe weather potential in synoptically weakly forced thunderstorm environments
Authors: Miller Paul W. , Mote Thomas L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Weakly forced thunderstorms (WFTs), short-lived convection forming in synoptically quiescent regimes, are a contemporary
forecasting challenge. The convective environments that support severe WFTs are often similar to those that yield only
non-severe WFTs and, additionally, only a small proportion of individual WFTs will ultimately produce severe weather. The
purpose of this study is to better characterize the relative severe weather potential in these settings as a function of
the convective environment. Thirty-one near-storm convective parameters for > 200 000 WFTs in the Southeastern United
States are calculated from a high-resolution numerical forecasting model, the Rapid Refresh (RAP). For each parameter, the
relative odds of WFT days with at least one severe weather event is assessed along a moving threshold. Parameters (and the
values of them) that reliably separate severe-weather-supporting from non-severe WFT days are highlighted. Only two convective parameters, vertical totals (VTs) and total totals (TTs), appreciably differentiate
severe-wind-supporting and severe-hail-supporting days from non-severe WFT days. When VTs exceeded values between
24.6 and 25.1 ∘C or TTs between 46.5 and 47.3 ∘C, odds of severe-wind days were roughly
5× greater. Meanwhile, odds of severe-hail days became roughly 10× greater when VTs exceeded
24.4–26.0 ∘C or TTs exceeded 46.3–49.2 ∘C. The stronger performance of VT and TT is
partly attributed to the more accurate representation of these parameters in the numerical model. Under-reporting of
severe weather and model error are posited to exacerbate the forecasting challenge by obscuring the subtle convective
environmental differences enhancing storm severity.
Nonlinear analysis of the occurrence of hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Rojo-Garibaldi Berenice , Salas-de-León David Alberto , Monreal-Gómez María Adela , Sánchez-Santillán Norma Leticia , Salas-Monreal David 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Hurricanes are complex systems that carry large amounts of energy. Their
impact often produces natural disasters involving the loss of human lives and
materials, such as infrastructure, valued at billions of US dollars. However,
not everything about hurricanes is negative, as hurricanes are the main
source of rainwater for the regions where they develop. This study shows a
nonlinear analysis of the time series of the occurrence of hurricanes in the
Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea obtained from 1749 to 2012. The
construction of the hurricane time series was carried out based on the
hurricane database of the North Atlantic basin hurricane database (HURDAT)
and the published historical information. The hurricane time series provides
a unique historical record on information about ocean–atmosphere
interactions. The Lyapunov exponent indicated that the system presented
chaotic dynamics, and the spectral analysis and nonlinear analyses of the
time series of the hurricanes showed chaotic edge behavior. One possible
explanation for this chaotic edge is the individual chaotic behavior of
hurricanes, either by category or individually regardless of their category
and their behavior on a regular basis.
TENDÊNCIA TEMPORAL DA MORTALIDADE POR SUICÍDIO NO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Carmo Érica Assunção , Ribeiro Bárbara Santos , Nery Adriana Alves , Casotti Cezar Augusto 
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade por suicídio no Estado da Bahia, segundo sexo e faixa etária, no período de 1996 a 2013. Estudo de série temporal realizado com dados obtidos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Realizou-se a análise de tendência por meio da regressão de Prais-Winsten. Identificou-se 5.693 óbitos por suicídio na Bahia, dos quais 81,4% eram homens e 46,0% do grupo etário de 20 a 39 anos. Quanto ao meio utilizado, 58,6% foram decorrentes de lesões autoprovocadas por enforcamento/estrangulamento, seguidas pela autointoxicação por pesticidas e produtos químicos (15,9%). Verificou-se tendência crescente para o coeficiente de mortalidade por suicídio no Estado, para ambos os sexos, e para os grupos etários de 20 a 39 anos, 40 a 59 anos e de 60 anos ou mais. Constatou-se que o suicídio na Bahia predomina entre homens jovens, com tendência crescente para o coeficiente total e nos diferentes grupos populacionais.
SEPARAÇÃO DA MULHER E SEU ACOMPANHANTE NO NASCIMENTO POR CESÁREA: UMA VIOLAÇÃO DE DIREITO
Authors: Almeida Adaiana Fátima , Brüggemann Odaléa Maria , Costa Roberta , Jungues Carolina Frescura 
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Objetivou-se desvelar a experiência da mulher e seu acompanhante que tiveram o direito de compartilhar o nascimento de seu filho violado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva. Foram entrevistadas 13 puérperas e seus companheiros, de janeiro a julho de 2016. A análise se deu através da análise de conteúdo com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti 7.0. São apresentados em três categorias: Experiência da mulher em não ter acompanhante na sala cirúrgica; Experiência do acompanhante em aguardar o nascimento sozinho; e o Poder dos profissionais de saúde sobre a cena do nascimento. O estudo evidenciou que os sentimentos negativos estiveram presentes na sala cirúrgica, a mulher sentiu-se desamparada sem a presença de seu acompanhante. O companheiro sentiu-se decepcionado por não vivenciarem o nascimento do filho. O principal fator para essa separação foi a atitude dos profissionais de saúde que ainda impedem a presença do acompanhante na sala cirúrgica.
Exploring Factors Influencing Satisfaction of the University Students Who Work as Private Tutors
Authors: Imtiaz Asif 
Published: April 2018

Private Supplementary Tutoring (PST) have attracted enormous attention in recent days. Bangladesh experiences both forms of PST – formal and informal. There is a considerable amount of research based on the demand-side of PST. The tutors, who are the suppliers of PST in the market, are the center of attention in this paper. The forces that affect the satisfaction of a tutor from providing tuition have been investigated here through factor analysis and stepwise regression. Analyzing a set of tutors from University of Dhaka, tutoring environment and financial independence are found to have a positive relationship with the satisfaction level of a tutor. Transportation costs as well as disadvantageous factors of tutoring as in wasting productive time, hampering academic results, lack of recreation pull the level of satisfaction down. Tutors are thought to be self-concentrated since result and improvement of the tutees are absent from the formulation of their satisfaction. Driving a wedge of fellow feeling between tutors and tutees will enhance the quality of education.
Generating Cluster Formulas Using The Primary Clusters And The K(n) Parameters
Authors: Kiremire Enos Masheija Rwantale 
Published: April 2018

The formulas of transition metal clusters can be regarded as multiples of their respective PRIMARY CLUSTERS and K(n) parameters. A primary cluster of a transition metal skeletal element can be defined as that cluster of a mono-skeletal element which obeys the 18 electron rule. Such clusters, among others include, Cr(CO)6, Fe(CO)5, Ni(CO)4, and Zn(CO)3 and the respective K values of the skeletal elements are 6, 5, 4 and 3. The selected K(n) series are given and the derived hypothetical golden clusters are given as examples for illustrations. Selected known golden clusters are also found to be multiples of K(n) parameters and the 18 valence fragment cluster, AuL3.5. The graphical representations of a few selected examples of golden clusters are given.
Restorative justice and criminal justice: limits and possibilities for Brazil and Latin America
Authors: Pereira de Andrade Vera Regina 
Published: April 2018

Restorative justice and criminal justice: limits and possibilities for Brazil and Latin America
This article is based on the 2017 RJIJ annual lecture and seeks to examine the development of the restorative justice movement within the judiciary in Brazil (‘judicial restorative justice’) in the last decade or so (2005-2017). The focus is on its relation to penal justice, listing the main possibilities and challenges in the Latin American context. The main question I wish to address is how does restorative justice, being led by the judiciary in Brazil, look like? When, where, how and under which theoretical and methodological angles is it being developed? What are the human and material resources being used? How can the relationship between restorative justice and the current Brazilian criminal justice system be understood? My hypothesis is that judicial restorative justice in Brazil is going through a process of expansion and development, framing a paradigm that is under construction and in which, despite the possibilities of challenging and transforming the current justice system, it has been nevertheless colonised by this same justice system. Therefore, restorative justice is being left to deal with low-level crimes and facing structural and conjectural limits to the concretisation of its objectives. In addition, the field in Brazil is hit by a structural lack of dialogue with other Latin American countries, which results in a mutual impoverishment of sorts, as the ‘restorativism’ currently experienced, hither and thither, is heated up by the intersection of emancipatory principles and values.