bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixing Thermodynamics and Photocatalytic Properties of GaP–ZnS solid solutions
Authors: Shenoy Joel , Hart Judy N. , Grau‐Crespo Ricardo , Allan Neil L. , Cazorla Claudio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPreparation of solid solutions represents an effective means to improve the photocatalytic properties of semiconductor‐based materials. Nevertheless, the effects of site‐occupancy disorder on the functional properties of materials are difficult to predict and consequently many experimental trials may be required before achieving enhanced photocatalytic activity. Here, first‐principles methods are employed to estimate the mixing free energy and the structural and electronic properties of (GaP)x (ZnS) solid solutions. The method relies on a multi‐configurational supercell approach that takes into account the configurational and vibrational contributions to the free energy. Phase competition among the zinc‐blende and wurtzite polymorphs is also considered. Overall excellent agreement with the available experimental data is demonstrated, namely: 1) zinc‐blende is energetically most favorable, 2) the solid solution energy band gap lies within the 2–3 eV range, and 3) the energy band gap of the solid solution is direct for compositions %. It is found that at ambient conditions, (GaP)x (ZnS) solid solutions with , 50% and 75% render promising hydrogen evolution photocatalysts for water splitting under visible light, owing to their favorable energy band gaps and band levels relative to vacuum.
MOF‐Based Nanotubes to Hollow Nanospheres through Protein‐Induced Soft‐Templating Pathways
Authors: Du Yingjie , Gao Jing , Zhou Liya , Ma Li , He Ying , Zheng Xuefang , Huang Zhihong , Jiang Yanjun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA controllable and facile strategy is established for constructing metal–organic frameworks‐based (MOF‐based) hollow composites via a protein‐induced soft‐templating pathway. Using metal‐sodium deoxycholate hydrogel as soft‐template, nanotubes are gained while the protein is absent. With the presence of protein, hollow nanospheres structure are prepared by changing the amount of protein. To verify the universality of the proposed pathway, two kinds of proteins (Burkholderia cepacia lipase and penicillin G acylase) and three kinds of MOF (ZIF‐8, ZIF‐67, and Fe‐MOF) are adopted as model proteins and materials, and the obtained protein‐containing composites (named protein@H‐MOF) possess high bioactivity and stability. This proposed strategy provides a facile method for preparing MOF‐based composites under mild conditions, facilitating the applications of MOF in the fields of biocatalyst construction, biomolecule encapsulation, and drug delivery.
Matrix Remodeling Enhances the Differentiation Capacity of Neural Progenitor Cells in 3D Hydrogels
Authors: Madl Christopher M. , LeSavage Bauer L. , Dewi Ruby E. , Lampe Kyle J. , Heilshorn Sarah C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeural progenitor cells (NPCs) are a promising cell source to repair damaged nervous tissue. However, expansion of therapeutically relevant numbers of NPCs and their efficient differentiation into desired mature cell types remains a challenge. Material‐based strategies, including culture within 3D hydrogels, have the potential to overcome these current limitations. An ideal material would enable both NPC expansion and subsequent differentiation within a single platform. It has recently been demonstrated that cell‐mediated remodeling of 3D hydrogels is necessary to maintain the stem cell phenotype of NPCs during expansion, but the role of matrix remodeling on NPC differentiation and maturation remains unknown. By culturing NPCs within engineered protein hydrogels susceptible to degradation by NPC‐secreted proteases, it is identified that a critical amount of remodeling is necessary to enable NPC differentiation, even in highly degradable gels. Chemical induction of differentiation after sufficient remodeling time results in differentiation into astrocytes and neurotransmitter‐responsive neurons. Matrix remodeling modulates expression of the transcriptional co‐activator Yes‐associated protein, which drives expression of NPC stemness factors and maintains NPC differentiation capacity, in a cadherin‐dependent manner. Thus, cell‐remodelable hydrogels are an attractive platform to enable expansion of NPCs followed by differentiation of the cells into mature phenotypes for therapeutic use.
NiCo2O4 Nanofibers as Carbon‐Free Sulfur Immobilizer to Fabricate Sulfur‐Based Composite with High Volumetric Capacity for Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Liu Ya‐Tao , Han Dian‐Dian , Wang Lu , Li Guo‐Ran , Liu Sheng , Gao Xue‐Ping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBoth the energy density and cycle stability are still challenges for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries in future practical applications. Usually, light‐weight and nonpolar carbon materials are used as the hosts of sulfur, however they struggle on the cycle stability and undermine the volumetric energy density of Li–S batteries. Here, heavy NiCo2O4 nanofibers as carbon‐free sulfur immobilizers are introduced to fabricate sulfur‐based composites. NiCo2O4 can accelerate the catalytic conversion kinetics of soluble intermediate polysulfides by strong chemical interaction, leading to a good cycle stability of sulfur cathodes. Specifically, the S/NiCo2O4 composite presents a high gravimetric capacity of 1125 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate with the composite as active material, and a low fading rate of 0.039% per cycle over 1500 cycles at 1 C rate. In particular, the S/NiCo2O4 composite with the high tap density of 1.66 g cm−3 delivers large volumetric capacity of 1867 mAh cm−3, almost twice that of the conventional S/carbon composites.
Basic life support by citizens in Kawasaki City, Japan – a descriptive epidemiological study of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients
Authors: Shirakawa Kazuhiro , Takebayashi Toru , Kanao Kunio , Doi Kenji , Takemura Narihide , Shindo Ken , Saito Yutaka , Takuma Kiyotsugu 
Published: January 2019

AimTo better understand the current status and barriers to making basic life support a common practice among the citizens of Kawasaki City, Japan.MethodWe extracted data according to the Utstein‐style guidelines specifically regarding out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) of cardiac etiology. The items were as follows: (i) OHCA witnessed by a citizen, (ii) the victim received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), (iii) an automatic external defibrillator was used by the witness. We compared the rate of each item and the 1‐month survival rates with the national average in Japan. We further divided Kawasaki City into three areas and compared each item. We also examined the rate of bystander CPR in each time period and location. Statistical analysis was carried out using the χ2‐test and Fisher's test.ResultsThe 1‐month survival rates did not differ significantly from the national average for cases meeting conditions (i)–(iii): (i) 14.0% versus 13.3%, (ii) 19.1% versus 16.4%, (iii) 71.4% versus 53.3%, respectively. However, the rate of condition (i) was significantly lower (47.5% versus 55. 8%, P = 0.01). The rate of condition (ii) was higher in the northern area of Kawasaki City, as well as in a location other than the home in the daytime. The rate of condition (ii) was low in the home.ConclusionsAlthough the 1‐month survival rates of OHCAs witnessed by citizens in Kawasaki City did not differ significantly from the national average, the low rate of bystander CPR was notable, especially in the southern and middle areas of the city and when the location was in the home, which implies that basic life support knowledge should be spread to these areas.
Assessing Carrier Recombination Processes in Type‐II SiGe/Si(001) Quantum Dots
Authors: Hackl Florian , Grydlik Martyna , Klenovský Petr , Schäffler Friedrich , Fromherz Thomas , Brehm Moritz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, it is shown how different carrier recombination paths significantly broaden the photoluminescence (PL) emission bandwidth observed in type‐II self‐assembled SiGe/Si(001) quantum dots (QDs). QDs grown by molecular beam epitaxy with very homogeneous size distribution, onion‐shaped composition profile, and Si capping layer thicknesses varying from 0 to 1100 nm are utilized to assess the optical carrier‐recombination paths. By using high‐energy photons for PL excitation, electron‐hole pairs can be selectively generated either above or below the QD layer and, thus, clearly access two radiative carrier recombination channels. Fitting the charge carrier capture‐, loss‐ and recombination‐dynamics to PL time‐decay curves measured for different experimental configurations allows to obtain quantitative information of carrier capture‐, excitonic‐emission‐, and Auger‐recombination rates in this type‐II nano‐system.
Lower‐ and Higher‐Order Nonclassical Properties of Photon Added and Subtracted Displaced Fock States
Authors: Malpani Priya , Alam Nasir , Thapliyal Kishore , Pathak Anirban , Narayanan V. , Banerjee Subhashish 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNonclassical properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states are studied using various witnesses of lower‐ and higher‐order nonclassicality. Compact analytic expressions are obtained for the nonclassicality witnesses. Using those expressions, it is established that these states and the states that can be obtained as their limiting cases (except coherent states) are highly nonclassical as they show the existence of lower‐ and higher‐order antibunching and sub‐Poissonian photon statistics, in addition to the nonclassical features revealed through the Mandel parameter, zeros of Q function, Klyshko's criterion, and Agarwal–Tara criterion. Further, some comparison between the nonclassicality of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states have been performed using witnesses of nonclassicality. This has established that between the two types of non‐Gaussianity inducing operations (i.e., photon addition and subtraction) used here, photon addition influences the nonclassical properties more strongly. Further, optical designs for the generation of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states from squeezed vacuum state have also been proposed.
Use of Isotope Effects To Understand the Present and Past of the Atmosphere and Climate and Track the Origin of Life
Authors: Thiemens Mark H. , Lin Mang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStable isotope ratio measurements have been used as a measure of a wide variety of processes, including solar system evolution, geological formational temperatures, tracking of atmospheric gas and aerosol chemical transformation, and is the only means by which past global temperatures may be determined over long time scales. Conventionally, isotope effects derive from differences of isotopically substituted molecules in isotope vibrational energy, bond strength, velocity, gravity, and evaporation/condensation. The variations in isotope ratio, such as 18O/16O (δ18O) and 17O/16O (δ17O) are dependent upon mass differences with δ17O/δ18O=0.5, due to the relative mass differences (1 amu vs. 2 amu). Relations that do not follow this are termed mass independent and are the focus of this Minireview. In chemical reactions such as ozone formation, a δ17O/δ18O=1 is observed. Physical chemical models capture most parameters but differ in basic approach and are reviewed. The mass independent effect is observed in atmospheric species and used to track their chemistry at the modern and ancient Earth, Mars, and the early solar system (meteorites).
Ein Hybrid‐Anion für ionische Flüssigkeiten und Batterieelektrolytanwendungen: Halb Triflamid, halb Carbonat
Authors: Gunderson‐Briggs Kaitlyn E. , Rüther Thomas , Best Adam S. , Kar Mega , Forsyth Craig , Izgorodiana Ekaterina I. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Hollenkamp Anthony F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDie Synthese eines neuen Imid‐Anions, Methylcarbonat(trifluormethansulfonyl)imid (MCTFSI), und die physikochemischen Eigenschaften seiner Natrium‐ und N‐Butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium‐Salze werden beschrieben. Strukturelle Informationen aus der Röntgenstrukturanalyse des Natriumsalzes werden bezüglich Ladungsverteilung, Koordinationseigenschaften und elektrochemischem Verhalten im Vergleich zu den analogen Imiden Bis(trifluormethansulfonyl)imid (TFSI) und Bis(fluorsulfonyl)imid (FSI) diskutiert. Die aus der Studie des neuen Anions gewonnenen Erkenntnisse unterstreichen und bestärken das Konzept schwach koordinierender Anionen für die gezielte Entwicklung von Elektrolytsalzen.
Atomically Tailored Gold Nanoclusters for Catalytic Application
Authors: Higaki Tatsuya , Li Yingwei , Zhao Shuo , Li Qi , Li Site , Du Xiang‐Sha , Yang Sha , Chai Jinsong , Jin Rongchao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent advances in the synthetic chemistry of atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) have significantly broadened the accessible sizes and structures. Such particles are well defined and have intriguing properties, thus, they are attractive for catalysis. Especially, those NCs with identical size but different core (or surface) structure provide unique opportunities that allow the specific role of the core and the surface to be mapped out without complication by the size effect. Herein, we summarize recent work with isomeric Aun NCs protected by ligands and isostructural NCs but with different surface ligands. The highlighted work includes catalysis by spherical and rod‐shaped Au25 (with different ligands), quasi‐isomeric Au28(SR)20 with different R groups, structural isomers of Au38(SR)24 (with identical R) and Au38S2(SR)20 with body‐centred cubic (bcc) structure, and isostructural [Au38L20(PPh3)4]2+ (different L). These isomeric and/or isostructural NCs have provided valuable insights into the respective roles of the kernel, surface staples, and the type of ligands on catalysis. Future studies will lead to fundamental advances and development of tailor‐made catalysts.
Insights into the integrated effects of polymeric pretreatment and catalytic hydrotreatment of light gas oil
Authors: Olomola Abidemi , Misra Prachee , Chitanda Jackson M. , Dalai Ajay K. , Adjaye John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA study has been carried out in detail to measure the effects of the removal of nitrogen compounds on the hydrotreatment of light gas oil (LGO) using a synthesized polymer consisting of a polymer support, copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PGMA‐co‐EDGMA), a π‐acceptor moiety (2,4,5,7‐tetranitrofluorenone, TENF), and a three‐carbon linker (diaminopropane, DAP (3)). The primary focus of this paper is first to study the effects of selectively removing nitrogen compounds on the hydrotreatment of LGOs. Removal of these catalyst inhibiting and poisoning compounds prior to hydrotreatment will help in improving the hydroprocessing efficiency as well as in reducing the chemical fouling, thus improving the catalyst life. Second, the effectiveness on the reusability of bulk polymer after regeneration was studied. To achieve this, nitrogen compounds from LGO were adsorbed on the synthesized polymer by mixing polymer and LGO. The polymer was regenerated by washing with toluene in a Soxhlet apparatus. Hydrotreating experiments were performed in a pilot scale trickle‐bed reactor. To create a baseline for monitoring the hydrotreatment activity, untreated LGO (without polymer adsorption) was hydrotreated with a commercial NiMo/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst and analyzed for nitrogen, sulfur, and aromatics content. The pretreated feed (with polymer adsorption) was also hydrotreated, and the results were compared. The results show that prior selective removal of nitrogen compounds improved overall hydrotreatment activity and resulted in additional decrease of 18.7%, 8.3%, and 9.4% in total nitrogen, sulfur, and aromatics content, respectively.
Materials containing benzocyclobutene units with low dielectric constant and good thermostability prepared from star‐shaped molecules
Authors: Wei Xuelian , Hu Huan , Li Xian , Yin Qiang , Fan Li , Huang Yawen , Yang Junxiao 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTWith the development of ultralarge‐scale integrated circuits, polymers with low dielectric constant and high thermal stability have aroused great interest. We prepared two novel bridged siloxane‐based benzocyclobutene (BCB) star‐shaped monomers, tetrakis[dimethyl siloxy‐4‐(1′,1′‐dimethyl‐1′‐ethyl silicon)‐benzocyclobutene] (TDSDES‐BCB) and tetrakis(hexamethyl siloxane vinyl‐benzocyclobutene) (THSV‐BCB), and the corresponding resins were obtained by curing. The structures of TDSDES‐BCB and THSV‐BCB were confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and 29Si‐NMR spectra and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis. The curing behavior of these monomers was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The dielectric constant of cured TDSDES‐BCB is only 2.43 at 10 MHz (that of THSV‐BCB is 2.46). In addition, these resins display high thermal stability: the 5 wt % weight loss temperature of cured TDSDES‐BCB is about 467 °C (454 °C for THSV‐BCB resin). The excellent low dielectric property is attributable to the free volume created by the star‐shaped structure and crosslinked network structure of BCB after curing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47458.
Nonisothermal simulation on pressure during resin transfer molding
Authors: Yang Wenkai , Lu Shihong , Xiang Lintong , Liu Wenhao 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTHigh speed injection has been widely used in resin transfer molding (RTM), which improves manufacturing efficiency. This sometimes leads to excessive pressure within the mold, resulting in fiber destruction and mold deformation. Heating the mold and injection resin reduces the viscosity of resin, leading to influence on mold internal pressure. Selection of optimal mold and injection temperature for effective reduction of mold internal pressure has become a source of concern in the polymer industry. This article presents an outlook relationship between mold temperature, injection temperature, and mold internal pressure. It also showcases a temperature selection method angle to addressing this issue. The “FLUENT” software has been secondarily developed that gives an insight in using the three‐dimensional nonisothermal RTM simulation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47492.
Developing porous fibers by electrocentrifuge spinning system
Authors: Mobasheri Mina , Valipouri Afsaneh , Hosseini Ravandi Seyed Abdolkarim 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, polysulfone fibers with various surface morphologies were developed using electrocentrifuge spinning system. The effects of a number of parameters, including the solvent system, spinning system angular velocity, and relative humidity, on the fiber morphology were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy, porosimetry [Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)], and contact angle test. The results showed that the fibers prepared from the acetone/dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent system had higher micro/nano roughness than those fabricated from the tetrahydrofuran/DMF solvent system, that is to say, the higher the vapor pressure of the solvent, the higher the surface roughness. The acetone/DMF system created fibers that had internal porosity. Also, the relative humidity had a significant effect on providing micro/nano roughness, so that increasing the relative humidity led to an increase in the surface roughness. The increase in the angular velocity caused to stretch the micro/nano patterns and increase the fiber diameter. The results of the BET confirmed the microscopic observations. With the increase in the relative humidity and the use of the acetone/DMF system, porosity, and specific surface area of the fiber increased. X‐ray diffraction analysis was also performed and it was found that the presence of moisture did not affect the crystallinity of the fibers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47513.
Single step modification of micrometer‐sized polystyrene particles by electromagnetic polyaniline and sorption of chromium(VI) metal ions from water
Authors: Debnath Mithun K. , Rahman Mohammad A. , Minami Hideto , Rahman Mohammad M. , Alam Mohammad A. , Sharafat Mohammad K. , Hossain Mohammad K. , Ahmad Hasan 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis article describes a single‐step reproducible approach for the surface modification of micrometer‐sized polystyrene (PS) core particles to prepare electromagnetic PS/polyaniline–Fe3O4 (PS/PANi–Fe3O4) composite particles. The electromagnetic PANi–Fe3O4 shell was formed by simultaneous seeded chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline and precipitation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The weight ratio of PS to aniline was optimized to produce core–shell structure. PS/PANi–Fe3O4 composite particles were used as adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) via anion‐exchange mechanism. The composite particles possessed enough magnetic property for magnetic separation. The adsorption was highly pH dependent. Adsorption efficiency reached 100% at pH 2 in 120 min when 0.05 g of composite particles was mixed with 30 mL 5 mg L−1 Cr(VI) solution. The adsorption isotherm fitted best with Freundlich model and maximum adsorption capacity approached 20.289 mg g−1 at 323 K. The prepared composite was found to be an useful adsorbent for the removal of soluble Cr(VI) ions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47524.
Acute N‐Acetylcysteine Administration Ameliorates Loss of Olfactory Neurons Following Experimental Injury In Vivo
Authors: Goncalves Stefania , Goldstein Bradley J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe olfactory epithelium (OE) is the peripheral organ for the sense of smell, housing primary sensory neurons that project axons from the nose to the brain. Due to the presence of a basal stem cell niche, the adult mammalian OE is a dynamic tissue capable of replacing neurons following their loss. Nonetheless, certain conditions, such as blunt head trauma, can result in persistent olfactory loss, thought to be due to shearing of olfactory nerve filaments at the skull base, degeneration, and failures in proper regeneration/reinnervation. The identification of new treatment strategies aimed at preventing degeneration of olfactory neurons is, therefore, needed. In considering potential therapies, we have focused on N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione substrate shown to be neuroprotective, with a record of safe clinical use. Here, we have tested the use of NAC in an animal model of olfactory degeneration. Administered acutely, we found that NAC (100 mg/kg, twice daily) resulted in a reduction of olfactory neuronal loss from the OE of the nose following surgical ablation of the olfactory bulb. At 1 week postlesion, we identified 54 ± 8.1 mature neurons per 0.5 mm epithelium in NAC‐treated animals vs. 28 ± 4.2 in vehicle‐treated controls (P = 0.02). Furthermore, in an olfactory cell culture model, we have identified significant alterations in the expression of several genes involved in oxidative stress pathways following NAC exposure. Our results provide evidence supporting the potential therapeutic utility for NAC acutely following head trauma‐induced olfactory loss. Anat Rec, 303:626–633, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy