bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technological Barriers to Routine Genomic Surveillance for Vaccine Development Against SARS‐CoV‐2 in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Konono Kimberly Cheryl Chido , Msusa Keiko , Mpinganjira Samuel , Amani Adidja , Nyagupe Charles , Ngigi Michael 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data, a public‐access database for sharing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genomic sequencing data, has received significantly less data from African countries compared to the global total. Furthermore, the contribution of these data was infrequent and, for some countries, non‐existent. The primary aim of this review is to identify the technological barriers to routine genomic surveillance in Africa. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the relevant articles, and other eligible articles were identified from the reference list examination according to the PRISMA checklist. Eighty‐four full‐text articles were analysed for eligibility, and 49 published full‐texted articles were included in the final qualitative analysis. The main technological barriers identified were limited genomic surveillance capacity, limited genomic sequencing infrastructure, lack of resources and skilled or trained scientists, and the high cost of importing, establishing, and maintaining a genomic sequencing facility. The Africa Pathogen Genomics Initiative aims to improve genomic surveillance capacity across Africa, through resources, training, education, infrastructure, and regional sequencing centres. Furthermore, collaborations between African governments and international partners or national, private, and academic institutions are imperative to sustain genomic surveillance in Africa, and investment in genomic sequencing and research and development is paramount. Longer turnaround times interfere with global viral evolution monitoring and national implementation of effective policies to reduce the burden and disease. Establishing effective genomic surveillance systems guides public health responses and vaccine development for diseases endemic in Africa.
Local wound care management for pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Haroon Adeeb , Gillespie Jordan , Roland‐McGowan Jaclyn , Seervai Riyad N. H. , Gould Lisa J. , Dini Valentina , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, painful neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by rapidly progressing skin ulcers. Despite the importance of local wound care in managing PG, there is no consensus or evidence‐based guidelines. This systematic review aimed to investigate local wound care strategies for PG. A comprehensive search of Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library yielded 1213 references, from which 269 studies were included, covering 351 patients. The most reported treatment methods included sharp debridement (11%), topical corticosteroids (27%) and non‐adherent dressings (12%). However, no clear correlation between these treatments and healing outcomes was found likely due to confounding factors such as varied wound sizes, superinfection and inconsistent reporting. Additionally, directed wound care regimens have not been able to show statistical significance for healing outcomes. Our study describes the current local wound care landscape and underscores a critical gap in the current literature regarding standardized treatment protocols for PG.
A Systematic Review of Burnout Among Staff Working in Services for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Baker Peter , Chishty‐Collins Josephine , Gore Nick 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe psychological wellbeing of staff who provide support to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities is one of the crucial factors in determining the quality of provision offered. An understanding of the current status and influencing variables of staff psychological wellbeing is considered to be vital in this respect.MethodA systematic review of all studies involving staff working with people with intellectual disabilities using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Version (MBI‐HS) published from May 2004 up to and including April 2024 was conducted.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were found which allowed updated norms and comparisons with previously published norms (Skirrow and Hatton, Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2007; 20(2):131–144) and normative scores from staff working in human services. Scores indicated significantly lower levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation and less Personal Accomplishment compared to norms for people working in human services. The positive trend in improving burnout scores previously reported by Skirrow and Hatton (Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2007; 20(2):131–144) had not continued.ConclusionsA ‘National Observatory’ approach is recommended to enable regular monitoring of staff wellbeing and exploration of influencing variables.
Exploring the Immune Landscape of ccRCC: Prognostic Signatures and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Pan Minjie , Xu Xinchi , Zhang Dong , Cao Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe tumour immunological microenvironment is involved in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Nevertheless, the role of the immunological microenvironment in ccRCC has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we combined six ccRCC cohorts into a large cohort and quantified the expression matrix into 53 immunological terms using the ssGSEA algorithm. Five immune terms related to prognosis were screened through 1000 iterations of L1‐penalised (lasso) estimation and Cox regression analysis for immune‐related risk score (IRS) calculation. The IRS showed satisfactory prognosis prediction efficacy in ccRCC. We then compared the clinical and genomic characteristics of two IRS subgroups. Patients with low IRS showed a high level of tumour mutational burden (TMB) and a low level of copy number variation (CNV), indicating that low IRS group patients have a higher probability of responding to immunotherapy. We employed TIDE and subclass mapping analyses to corroborate our results, and the findings demonstrated that patients with a low IRS had a significantly greater percentage of immunotherapy response. According to the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), patients with a high IRS had a decreased IC50 for sunitinib, which is the first‐line treatment for ccRCC patients. As a result, the immune characteristics of the microenvironment of ccRCC tumours have been explored, and a signature has been constructed. Analysis demonstrated that our signature could effectively predict prognosis and immunotherapy response rate.
Oreichthys warjaintia, a new species of cyprinid fish from Meghalaya, India (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Dann Lekiningroy , Dahanukar Neelesh , Raghavan Rajeev 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOreichthys warjaintia, new species, is described from the Pyrngang stream (Surma–Meghna basin), Meghalaya, northeast India. It can be distinguished from all known species within the genus Oreichthys in having the following combination of characters: complete lateral line with 25–27 pored scales, 13 branched pectoral‐fin rays, 5–5½ branched anal‐fin rays, 14 rows of papillae on suborbital, ½3/1/2½ scale rows in transverse line on body, presence of a black blotch on caudal‐fin base, and in the coloration of dorsal, caudal, and anal fins. Oreichthys warjaintia is distinct from all known Oreichthys species for which mitochondrial cox1 sequence data are available by a raw genetic distance ranging from 8.3% to 11.1%.
Prevalence and etiologies of non‐responsive celiac disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Nishant , Bhatia Unnati , Dwarakanathan Vignesh , Singh Achintya Dinesh , Singh Prashant , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind K 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐responsive celiac disease (NRCD) is defined as ongoing symptoms despite 6–12 months of gluten‐free diet (GFD), the only known treatment for celiac disease (CeD). There is inconsistency in studies describing the proportion of patients having NRCD and its various causes among patients with CeD. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the prevalence and causes of NRCD.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for original studies reporting the proportion of patients with persistent symptoms after ≥ 6 months of GFD. Studies reporting the etiologies of NRCD were also identified. The systematic review was conducted as per the Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed in STATA.ResultsOf 2965 search results, nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five studies (n = 4414) reported data on prevalence, and seven studies (n = 790) reported the causes of NRCD. The pooled prevalence of NRCD was 22% (95% confidence interval, 11–35%). Among patients with NRCD, inadvertent exposure to gluten was the most common cause (33%), followed by functional gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome in 16%. Refractory CeD type II along with its premalignant and malignant sequelae was observed in 7% of patients with NRCD.ConclusionOne in five patients with CeD may not respond to GFD and would likely be classified as NRCD. Inadvertent gluten exposure was the cause of ongoing symptoms in one‐third of patients with NRCD. Improving adherence to GFD along with developing novel therapeutics to mitigate symptoms due to ongoing gluten exposure is critical.
Development and Validation of a New Nomogram for Predicting Early Neurological Deterioration in Young and Middle‐Aged Individuals With Stroke in the Neurocritical Care Unit
Authors: Li Xin , Li Junzhuo , Liao Jia , Zhu Yueping , Quan Fengying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo analyse risk factors for early neurological damage in young and middle‐aged stroke cases.MethodsTotally 405 young and middle‐aged stroke patients in the neurocritical care unit (NCU) were selected and divided into the developmental (260 patients) and validation (145 patients) sets. The 405 cases were also grouped based on whether early neurological deterioration (END) occurred. The influencing factors of END were analysed by logistic regression, followed by the construction of a nomogram for predicting the risk of END. The Bootstrap method was applied to internally verify the predictive value of the model, using validation set data.ResultsAge, type of stroke, diabetes, mechanical ventilation, pulse, initial National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), Barthel index (BI), haemoglobin, hypersensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and CONUT showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed type of stroke, initial NIHSS, CONUT, TyG index and hs‐CRP were risk factors for END in young and middle‐aged stroke cases (OR > 1, p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for the developmental set was 0.842, and internal validation results showed a C‐index of 0.843; the AUC for the validation set was 0.843.ConclusionThe nomogram constructed in this study has good predictive efficacy and can provide reference for early clinical prediction of END in young and middle‐aged stroke cases.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe importance of this research lies in shedding light on the significant impact of early neurological deterioration on the health outcomes of young and middle‐aged stroke patients, particularly in the short term. To guide clinical workers to identify risk factors early and improve the prognosis of stroke patients.
Exploring Post‐Fall Management Interventions in Long‐Term Care Facilities and Hospitals for Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Parekh Abhishek , Hill Keith D. , Guerbaai Raphaëlle Ashley 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe population is rapidly growing, significantly impacting healthcare settings such as hospitals and long‐term care. Falls are a major concern, being a leading cause of hospitalisations and injuries especially among adults aged 60 and above. Despite extensive research on falls prevention and risk factors, there is limited study on effective post‐fall management strategies, making it crucial to review and develop interventions to improve care and safety for older adults in healthcare settings.AimTo explore the interventions implemented for post‐fall management for residents and patients within healthcare settings, including hospitals and long‐term care facilities.DesignA scoping literature review.MethodsWe used the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Eligible articles included hospital and long‐term care post‐fall management interventions. Data were manually extracted by two independent reviewers using the AACTT (Actor, Action, Context, Target and Time) Framework to detail intervention characteristics and guide the data charting process, allowing for thematic analysis and narrative synthesis of key findings.Data SourcesMedline, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Scopus were searched from inception until 30th September 2024.ResultsEighteen articles were included. Over half the studies (55.5%) focused on post‐fall interventions in LTCFs, testing assessment tools (50%), structured protocols (27.7%), huddles (11.1%) or multifactorial approaches (11.1%), with varied effectiveness. While assessment tools and huddles showed mixed results, structured protocols showed encouraging results with reduced unnecessary hospital transfers and hospitalisations.ConclusionThis scoping review identified a variety of interventions used after falls in healthcare settings. However, there is inconclusive evidence about the effectiveness of interventions to reduce hospitalisation and injuries. This review identified areas for research that may help to inform post‐fall management, including the need for further research into various interventions (e.g., standardised toolkit) to enhance care immediately following a fall.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Promoting the Concept Healthy Ageing for Use in Gerontological Health and Social Care Policy and Practice
Authors: Donnellan C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe concept of healthy or successful ageing dates back to the 1960s, where its goal is more realistic in today's ageing society as a result of effective interventions to control and reduce disability and health risks. The aim of this paper is to outline the importance of defining ageing, the semantics and indicators used, and to identify common challenges for health professionals' understanding and application of a healthy ageing approach in their everyday clinical practice.Design and MethodsThis discursive paper demonstrates how realistic ageing indicators are for highlighting the variation and impact of challenges associated with ageing. It examines the proportion of older adults requiring aged‐care services and allocation of resources, focusing on health maintenance and secondary ageing prevention.ResultsIndicators of ageing commonly used in clinical healthcare settings are reviewed, and their appropriateness for determining functional and intrinsic capacity of older adults. Other indicators are introduced, i.e., the Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE), Disability Free Life Expectancy (DFLE), the Human Development Index (HDI), and the Active Ageing Index (AAI), for enhancing and promoting a healthy ageing model of healthcare. Healthy ageing models of health and social care are also considered.ConclusionsOutlining evidence on healthy ageing may facilitate health professionals to address realistic challenges regarding age‐related health and social care provision, using a personalised approach for every older adult as opposed to cutting off chronological age parameters.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIncreasing health professionals' focus on healthy ageing will maintain good health in at least 80% of the ageing population for longer.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Comparative evaluation of human oral fibroblast proliferation on 3D‐printed zirconia and silicon nitride as new ceramic materials for implant abutment
Authors: Khurana Saumya , Li Yingzi , Kesterke Matthew , Liu Xiaohua , Zandinejad Amirali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeCell adhesion and subsequent proliferation on material surfaces depend on the physical and chemical characteristics of the material. There is a lack of literature on human gingival fibroblast proliferation on comparatively newer additively manufactured materials like silicon nitride. This study focused on the physical characteristics of the materials with the aim to compare the adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts on additively manufactured silicon nitride (AMSN) with additively manufactured zirconia, conventional milled titanium (MTi), and milled zirconia.Materials and MethodsSurface roughness and water contact angle were measured by profilometer and goniometer, respectively. CCK‐8 assay was done to assess the cell growth at 24 h (day 1), 48 h (day 2), and 72 h (day 3) in the same well. The morphologies of fibroblasts after cell attachment and proliferation were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 72 h.ResultsAt the end of 24 h (day 1) additively manufactured zirconia showed the best proliferation among the experimental groups, which was around 50% of the positive control group proliferation. There was no statistically significant difference among the experimental groups. At 48 h (day 2) and 72 h (day 3), a loss of cell growth was seen in almost all the experimental group wells. A positive cell proliferation on the AMSN was observed on day 3.ConclusionComparable cell proliferation was observed in the experimental groups. No conclusive correlation could be drawn between cell proliferation and surface roughness and water contact angle values in the experimental groups.
Oxygen and pH fluxes in shallow bay habitats: Evaluating the effectiveness of a macroalgal forest restoration
Authors: Galobart Cristina , Sitjà Cèlia , de Caralt Sònia , Santamaría Jorge , Vergés Alba , Boada Jordi , Cebrian Emma 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMarine macroalgae are important primary producers in coastal ecosystems. Within sheltered and shallow bays in the Mediterranean, various Fucalean macroalgae and seagrasses coexist, creating habitats of high ecological importance. These habitats have historically suffered from various disturbances, and on this basis, active restoration actions have been proposed as potential solutions for their recovery. Here, we assessed the restoration success of a 10‐year restored macroalgal forest by evaluating the recovery in terms of oxygen and pH fluxes and comparing those data with those of a healthy marine forest and a degraded habitat counterpart. We estimated the overall changes in dissolved oxygen and pH using light and dark community in situ incubations. We also determined the biomass and composition of macroalgal and macroinvertebrate compartments of each assemblage. During light incubations, the healthy and restored forest assemblages showed similar average net oxygen production, 5.7 times higher than in the degraded one, and a greater increase in pH. More than 95% of the incubated biomass corresponded to macroalgal and seagrass species. The restored forest showed a six‐fold increase in biomass, most likely being responsible for the recovery of primary production. This work provides empirical evidence that the restoration of a single structural species, once successful in the early stages, can yield positive results by recovering processes such as primary production and dark respiration. Moreover, these results showcase differences in ecosystem functions between healthy (either mature or restored) and degraded habitats, highlighting the importance of protecting and preserving coastal marine forests.
Mesaconate from Bacillus subtilis R0179 Supernatant Attenuates Periodontitis by Inhibiting Porphyromonas gingivalis in Mice
Authors: Zhao Weiwei , Ji Lingli , Li Jie , Liu Dandan , Yan Changqing , Zhang Chenying , Wang Xiaozhe , Liu Yang , Zheng Shuguo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis research sought to assess the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) R0179 and explore potential metabolites in mitigating experimental periodontitis in mice induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) ATCC 33277.MethodsB. subtilis R0179 was administered to 8‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice with periodontitis. Oral load of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and periodontal tissue loss were quantified. The cell‐free supernatant (CFS) was separated to assess its anti‐P. gingivalis effect. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses identified potential antibacterial components in the CFS, further evaluated for anti‐P. gingivalis effects.ResultsB. subtilis R0179 significantly reduced P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 levels and mitigated periodontal tissue loss in mice. The CFS, rather than inactivated B. subtilis R0179 cells, exhibited antibacterial activity. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses identified mesaconate and citraconate as key antibacterial agents. Disk diffusion assays confirmed the efficacy of mesaconate against P. gingivalis, while citraconate had no effect. Mesaconate showed a dose‐dependent reduction in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 population and periodontal tissue loss in mice.ConclusionThese findings highlight B. subtilis R0179 and its metabolite mesaconate as promising candidates for therapeutic development against periodontitis by inhibiting P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 effectively.
Transformation‐based gene silencing and functional characterization of an ISC effector reveal how a powdery mildew fungus disturbs salicylic acid biosynthesis and immune response in the plant
Authors: Yin Jinyao , Li Xiao , Dong Linpeng , Zhu Xuehuan , Chen Yalong , Zhao Wenyuan , Liu Yuhan , Shan Jiaxin , Liu Wenbo , Lin Chunhua , Miao Weiguo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungi infect a wide range of economically important plants. These fungi often deliver effector proteins into the host tissues to suppress plant immunity and sustain infection. The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is one of the most important signals that activate plant immunity against pathogens. However, how powdery mildew effectors interact with host SA signalling is poorly understood. Isochorismatase (ISC) effectors from two other filamentous pathogens have been found to inhibit host SA biosynthesis by hydrolysing isochorismate, the main SA precursor in the plant cytosol. Here, we identified an ISC effector, named EqIsc1, from the rubber tree powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe quercicola. In ISC enzyme assays, EqIsc1 displayed ISC activity by transferring isochorismate to 2,3‐dihydro‐2,3‐dihydroxybenzoate in vitro and in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants. In EqIsc1‐expressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, SA biosynthesis and SA‐mediated immune response were significantly inhibited. In addition, we developed an electroporation‐mediated transformation method for the genetic manipulation of E. quercicola. Inoculation of rubber tree leaves with EqIsc1‐silenced E. quercicola strain induced SA‐mediated immunity. We also detected the translocation of EqIsc1 into the plant cytosol during the interaction between E. quercicola and its host. Taken together, our results suggest that a powdery mildew effector functions as an ISC enzyme to hydrolyse isochorismate in the host cytosol, altering the SA biosynthesis and immune response.