bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medizinisches Cannabis zur Behandlung einer pharmakoresistenten Übelkeit im Rahmen einer somatoformen Störung bei einem Post-Polio-Syndrom
Authors: Bleckwenn Markus , Weckbecker Klaus , Voss Sebastian 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Wir berichten über einen 79 Jahre alten Patienten mit einem Post-Polio-Syndrom (PPS). Im Verlauf dieser Erkrankung entwickelten sich rezidivierende Oberbauchschmerzen und eine therapieresistente Übelkeit ohne Erbrechen. Zudem war der Patient durch die Kombination von muskulärer Schwäche, Adipositas, diätetisch behandelter Diabetes und einer degenerativen Wirbelsäulenschädigung deutlich in seiner Beweglichkeit und Belastbarkeit eingeschränkt.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Trotz einer umfangreichen Diagnostik konnte keine somatische Ursache weder für die Übelkeit, noch für die Oberbauchschmerzen gefunden werden. Durch die psychische Belastung im Rahmen des PPS kam es möglicherweise zu der Entwicklung einer somatoformen autonomen Funktionsstörung des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts.
Therapie und Verlauf Auch unter einer Kombinationstherapie von Antiemetika und schmerzmodulierenden Medikamenten konnte keine ausreichende Symptomkontrolle erreicht werden. Bei Fehlen von Therapiealternativen und einem zunehmenden Leidensdruck wurde dem Patienten medizinischer Cannabis verordnet. Darunter kam es zu einer Erleichterung der Übelkeit-Symptomatik und Rückgang der Schmerzen.
Folgerung Cannabis stellt eine Behandlungsoption bei therapieresistenten Beschwerden im Rahmen eines PPS dar.
Seasonal Variation in Month of Diagnosis of Polish Children with Type 1 Diabetes - A Multicenter Study
Authors: Szypowska Agnieszka , Ramotowska Anna , Wysocka-Mincewicz Marta , Mazur Artur , Lisowicz Lucyna , Beń-Skowronek Iwona , Sieniawska Joanna , Klonowska Bożenna , Charemska Dorota , Nawrotek Jolanta , Jałowiec Irena , Bossowski Artur , Jamiołkowska Milena , Pyrżak Beata , Miszkurka Grażyna , Szalecki Mieczysław 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Aim The seasonal variation of incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) theory supports the hypothesis that environmental factors play a role in the onset of the disease. The aim of this study is to assess seasonality of month of diagnosis in children with T1D in Poland.
Material and methods the study group consisted of 2174 children from eastern and central Poland diagnosed with T1D between 2010 and 2014. Analysis was performed in different age groups, based on place of residence (rural/urban area) and depending on sex.
Results We noted significant seasonality in the incidence of T1D with a peak in diagnosis of diabetes in January and the minimum rate in June. A total of 423 (19%) children were diagnosed in the warmest months (June to August with a mean temperature of 16.8°C) compared to 636 (29%) recognised in the coldest months (December to February with a mean temperature of −1.6°C), OR 0.57 95%CI [0.51-0.67], p<0.0001. We noted a more flat seasonal pattern in children 0-4 years of age compared with subjects 5–17 years old with a week correlation of trend comparison between both groups, r=0.69, p=0.001. Similar seasonal variation in the incidence of T1D was noted in children from urban and rural setting. For girls, seasonal pattern peaks were observed one month earlier as compared to boys.
Conclusions Seasonal variation in incidence of T1D diagnosis of Polish children supports the role of different environmental factors in diabetes onset. The majority of children were diagnosed with diabetes in autumn and winter.
First Line Sorafenib Treatment for Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Efficacy and Safety Analysis
Authors: Kocsis Judit , Szekanecz Éva , Bassam Ali , Uhlyarik Andrea , Pápai Zsuzsanna , Rubovszky Gábor , Mezősi Emese , Rucz Károly , Garai Ildikó , Nagy Endre , Uray Iván , Horváth Zsolt 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare disease, the prognosis of advanced and metastatic disease is poor and few therapeutic options are available in this setting. Based on the results of phase II and III studies with sorafenib in differentiated thyroid cancer and the lack of availability of registered tyrosine kinase inhibitors, vandetabin and cabozantinib in Hungary, we designed a uncontrolled, prospective efficacy and safety study of patients with metastatic MTC treated with first-line sorafenib in five Hungarian oncology centers.
Methods Ten consecutive patients with progressive or symptomatic metastatic MTC were included and started sorafenib 400  mg twice a day between June 2012 and March 2016. The primary end point was median progression-free survival (mPFS). Secondary endpoints included disease control rate, biochemical response, symptomatic response and toxicity.
Results Four patients achieved partial remission (40%) according to RECIST 1.1 evaluation. Five patients had stable disease beyond 12 months (50%) and one patient had progressive disease (10%). Median PFS was 19.1 months. The disease control rate was 90%. Association between radiologic response and biochemical or symptomatic response was inconsistent. Most common side effects were Grade 1-2 fatigue (60%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, rash/dermatitis 50-50%, alopecia 40%.
Conclusions In our prospective case series in patients with MTC first-line sorafenib showed at least similar efficacy as in other small phase II trials and case reports. Based on comparable efficacy with registered tyrosine kinase inhibitors and it’s manageable toxicity profile, we believe that sorafenib has role in the sequential treatment of MTC.
How cognitive and reactive fear circuits optimize escape decisions in humans
Authors: Qi Song , Hassabis Demis , Sun Jiayin , Guo Fangjian , Daw Nathaniel , Mobbs Dean 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Humans, like other animals, have evolved a set of neural circuits whose primary function is survival. In the case of predation, these circuits include “reactive fear” circuits involved in fast escape decisions and “cognitive fear” circuits that are involved in more complex processing associated with slow strategic escape. Using neuroimaging combined with computational modeling, we support this differentiation of fear circuits by showing that fast escape decisions are elicited by the periaqueductal gray and midcingulate cortex, regions involved in reactive flight. Conversely, slower escape decisions rely on the hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex, a circuit implicated in behavioral flexibility. These results support a separation of fear into reactive and cognitive circuits.
Physical and geometric constraints shape the labyrinth-like nasal cavity
Authors: Zwicker David , Ostilla-Mónico Rodolfo , Lieberman Daniel E. , Brenner Michael P. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Although nasal cavities fulfill similar tasks across animals, their geometry varies widely. One such task is heating and humidifying the inhaled air, which works best if the nasal cavity is narrow. However, narrow geometries have a large resistance to flow. We show that these opposing geometrical requirements are critical for shaping the nasal cavity and strongly restrict the local gap width. In contrast, the overall shape has little influence on the resistance and air conditioning, so the observed labyrinth-like patterns could emerge from geometric constraints imposed by the head. Our theory predicts geometric parameters of nasal cavities quantitatively, and it suggests that the surprisingly small nasal cavities of humans force us to become oral breathers during heavy exercise.
Transmembrane E3 ligase RNF183 mediates ER stress-induced apoptosis by degrading Bcl-xL
Authors: Wu Yanfang , Li Xia , Jia Junying , Zhang Yanpeng , Li Jing , Zhu Zhengmao , Wang Huaqing , Tang Jie , Hu Junjie 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a pathological condition observed in many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Failure to relieve the cellular stress via adaptive mechanisms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) activates apoptotic cell death. We demonstrate that a membrane-anchored RING finger protein, RNF183, is specifically induced by prolonged ER stress. RNF183 is regulated by IRE1, mainly through miR-7. As an E3 ligase, RNF183 ubiquitinates Bcl-xL, causing its degradation and subsequent apoptosis. Our findings imply that manipulation of RNF183 activity may help control cell fate in pathological conditions and suggest that the close contact between the ER and mitochondria plays a key role in cellular signaling.
Manipulating thermal emission with spatially static fluctuating fields in arbitrarily shaped epsilon-near-zero bodies
Authors: Liberal Iñigo , Engheta Nader 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Harnessing thermal fields is a current scientific challenge with far-reaching technological implications on heat and energy management, chemistry, and bioengineering. However, the random nature of thermal field sources, which eliminates phase information, hinders the use of interference-based conventional optical techniques. We propose an alternative route to control thermal fields based on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media, a medium with near-zero permittivity. We show how the effective enlargement of the wavelength on ENZ media results on intrinsically (material-based) enhanced spatial coherence, quite independently of the geometry of the ENZ body itself. This provides distinct opportunities in engineering thermal radiation, while maintaining flexibility on the geometrical degrees of freedom (shape of the body and/or position of the particles within it).
Linking imaging to omics utilizing image-guided tissue extraction
Authors: Disselhorst Jonathan A. , Krueger Marcel A. , Ud-Dean S. M. Minhaz , Bezrukov Ilja , Jarboui Mohamed A. , Trautwein Christoph , Traube Andreas , Spindler Christian , Cotton Jonathan M. , Leibfritz Dieter , Pichler Bernd J. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Imaging provides an insight into biological patho-mechanisms of diseases. However, the link between the imaging phenotype and the underlying molecular processes is often not well understood. Methods such as metabolomics and proteomics reveal detailed information about these processes. Unfortunately, they provide no spatial information and thus cannot be easily correlated with functional imaging. We have developed an image-guided milling machine and unique workflows to precisely isolate tissue samples based on imaging data. The tissue samples remain cooled during the entire procedure, preventing sample degradation. This enables us to correlate, at an unprecedented spatial precision, comprehensive imaging information with metabolomics and proteomics data, leading to a better understanding of diseases.
Communicating the nutritional value of sugar inDrosophila
Authors: Abu Farhan , Wang Justin G. , Oh Yangkyun , Deng Jingjing , Neubert Thomas A. , Suh Greg S. B. 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceFruit flies release a previously unreported signal when they consume nutritive food. This signal communicates the presence of nutritive food to other flies and guides them to aggregate around the nutritive food. The nutritional value of food, rather than its taste, is critical for the release of calorie-induced secreted factor (CIF) from the gut end. This signal is not detected by the olfactory system and is not limited to one species inDrosophila. We propose that CIF acts as an ethologically important pheromone that informs nutritional food sources to other flies in the wild.
Discovery of a hexagonal ultradense hydrous phase in (Fe,Al)OOH
Authors: Zhang Li , Yuan Hongsheng , Meng Yue , Mao Ho-kwang 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The lower mantle is potentially the most massive water reservoir in our planet, which largely depends on availability of hydrous minerals which can store and transport water down to the deep lower mantle. Experimentally, it is a great challenge to identify an unknown hydrous phase in a multiphase system under high-pressure–temperature conditions corresponding to the deep Earth. We combined powder X-ray diffraction and multigrain indexation to discover a hexagonal hydrous phase in (Fe,Al)OOH at 107–136 GPa and 2,400 K. Tens of individual crystallites, each with its unique orientation matrix, confirm the existence of the hexagonal phase. This study highlights a candidate for water storage.
B7-H1 maintains the polyclonal T cell response by protecting dendritic cells from cytotoxic T lymphocyte destruction
Authors: Chen Ling , Azuma Takeshi , Yu Weiwei , Zheng Xu , Luo Liqun , Chen Lieping 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceAntibody blockade of the B7-H1/PD-1 interaction induces regression of advanced human cancers in some patients, while recurrence occurs in others due to tumor escape from T cell attack. Here, we describe a possible mechanism of tumor escape from therapy caused by biased stimulation of T cells to dominant antigen. Based on this finding, we tested a split immunization approach to prevent cancer recurrence in mouse tumor models. These findings may help design approaches for combination cancer immunotherapies.
Cholesterol provides nonsacrificial protection of membrane lipids from chemical damage at air–water interface
Authors: Zhang Xinxing , Barraza Kevin M. , Beauchamp J. L. 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceComprising 30 mol % of the lipids in cell membranes, cholesterol plays vital biophysical roles in monolayer and bilayer membranes. It increases the lipid-packing density and maintains high membrane fluidity. Most studies of cholesterol in membranes focus on its effects on membrane structure and physical properties, with only minimum concern for possible biochemical consequences that might accompany these changes. In this study, field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry is employed to directly measure the chemical degradation of monolayer phospholipids caused by potent reagents OH and HCl at the air–water interface. When added to the lipid layer, cholesterol serves a nonsacrificial chemoprotective function, inhibiting the substantial degradation of both 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) that occurs in the absence of cholesterol.
Liver X receptor β regulates the development of the dentate gyrus and autistic-like behavior in the mouse
Authors: Cai Yulong , Tang Xiaotong , Chen Xi , Li Xin , Wang Ying , Bao Xiaohang , Wang Lian , Sun Dayu , Zhao Jinghui , Xing Yan , Warner Margaret , Xu Haiwei , Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Fan Xiaotang 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Defects in the neurogenesis of the dentate gyrus (DG) seem to be involved in the genesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)-like behaviors. Our study reveals that deletion of the Liver X receptor β (LXRβ) in mice causes hypoplasia in the DG, including abnormalities in the formation of progenitor cells and reduced neurogenesis. Behavioral analysis of LXRβ-deficient mice showed autistic-like behaviors, including social interaction deficits and repetitive behavior. These findings provide evidence that early changes in DG neurogenesis is possibly associated with the genesis of autism-related behaviors in LXRβ-deficient mice.
Is Locke’s answer to Molyneux’s question inconsistent? Cross-modal recognition and the sight–recognition error
Authors: Vaughn Anna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMolyneux’s question asks whether someone born blind, who could distinguish cubes from spheres using his tactile sensation, could recognize those objects if he received his sight. Locke says no: the newly sighted person would fail to point to the cube and call it a cube. Locke never provided a complete explanation for his negative response, and there are concerns of inconsistency with other important aspects of his theory of ideas. These charges of inconsistency rest upon an unrecognized and unfounded assumption that seeing entails recognition. Locke’s negative answer to Molyneux’s question is consistent with his other philosophical commitments.
On the Usefulness of Narratives: An Interdisciplinary Review and Theoretical Model
Authors: Shaffer Victoria A , Focella Elizabeth S , Hathaway Andrew , Scherer Laura D , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundHow can we use stories from other people to promote better health experiences, improve judgments about health, and increase the quality of medical decisions without introducing bias, systematically persuading the listeners to change their attitudes, or altering behaviors in nonoptimal ways? More practically, should narratives be used in health education, promotion, or behavior change interventions?MethodIn this article, we address these questions by conducting a narrative review of a diverse body of literature on narratives from several disciplines to gain a better understanding about what narratives do, including their role in communication, engagement, recall, persuasion, and health behavior change. We also review broad theories about information processing and persuasion from psychology and more specific models about narrative messaging found in the health communication and marketing literatures to provide insight into the processes by which narratives have their effect on health behavior.ResultsTo address major gaps in our theoretical understanding about how narratives work and what effects they will have on health behavior, we propose the Narrative Immersion Model, whose goal is to identify the parameters that predict the specific impact of a particular narrative (e.g. persuade, inform, comfort, etc.) based on the type of narrative message (e.g. process, experience, or outcome narrative). Further, the Narrative Immersion Model describes the magnitude of the effect as increasing through successive layers of engagement with the narrative: interest, identification, and immersion. Finally, the Narrative Immersion Model identifies characteristics of the narrative intervention that encourage greater immersion within a given narrative.ConclusionsWe believe there are important communication gaps in areas areas of behavioral medicine that could be addressed with narratives; however, more work is needed in order to employ narrative messaging systematically. The Narrative Immersion Model advances our theoretical understanding about narrative processing and its subsequent effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.
Has Resistance Taken Root in U.S. Corn Fields? Demand for Insect Control
Authors: Wechsler Seth , Smith David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCorn farmers reported unexpectedly severe damage on fields planted with genetically‐engineered rootworm‐resistant (Bt‐CRW) corn seeds during the 2009 growing season. Entomologists later determined that rootworms on these fields had developed resistance to the insecticidal proteins produced by Bt‐CRW corn. This article explores what corn farmers' seed and soil insecticide choices imply about rootworm resistance in the United States. First, a soil insecticide demand function is derived using a damage‐abatement model. Next, this demand function is estimated using field‐level data from 2005 and 2010. We find that rootworms (Diabrotica spp.) cost farmers approximately $1.3 billion in 2005 and $2 billion in 2010. When used, Bt‐CRW seeds were very effective, reducing average yield losses by approximately five bushels per acre and providing over twice as much control (on average) as soil insecticides. We found no evidence that soil insecticide use was higher on fields where resistance was most likely to develop. However, we did find that demand for soil insecticides was elastic. These results suggest that rootworm resistance was not widespread in 2010, but that it could substantively increase soil insecticide use if it evolved and spread.
Lottery Adventuring in Britain, c.1710–1760
Authors: Harris Bob 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The state lottery in eighteenth-century Britain was mostly a striking success, bringing in ready money to the Treasury, supporting public borrowing, and rapidly attracting a wide spectrum of investors—or ‘adventurers’, as they were known. This article explores the reasons behind this success, but also seeks to understand the character and nature of lottery adventuring. To this end, it exploits various pieces of data about lottery ticket purchasers, focusing firstly on the Queen Anne lotteries of 1710–14, and then several lotteries from the early Hanoverian period. Lotteries were often portrayed simply as symptoms of a supposed contemporary ‘gambling mania’. This article presents a more complicated picture of a lottery marketplace that was driven by both rational calculation and fantasy.
Gradient descent with non-convex constraints: local concavity determines convergence
Authors: Barber Rina Foygel , Ha Wooseok 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany problems in high-dimensional statistics and optimization involve minimization over non-convex constraints—for instance, a rank constraint for a matrix estimation problem—but little is known about the theoretical properties of such optimization problems for a general non-convex constraint set. In this paper we study the interplay between the geometric properties of the constraint set and the convergence behavior of gradient descent for minimization over this set. We develop the notion of local concavity coefficients of the constraint set, measuring the extent to which convexity is violated, which governs the behavior of projected gradient descent over this set. We demonstrate the versatility of these concavity coefficients by computing them for a range of problems in low-rank estimation, sparse estimation and other examples. Through our understanding of the role of these geometric properties in optimization, we then provide a convergence analysis when projections are calculated only approximately, leading to a more efficient method for projected gradient descent in low-rank estimation problems.
Ancient Thioredoxins Evolved to Modern Day Stability-Function Requirement by Altering Native State Ensemble
Authors: Modi Tushar , Huihui Jonathan , Ghosh Kingshuk , Ozkan Sefika Banu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThioredoxins (Thrxs) - small globular proteins that reduce other proteins - are ubiquitous in all forms of life, from archaea to mammals. Although ancestral Thioredoxins share sequential and structural similarity with the modern day (extant) homologs, they exhibit significantly different functional activity and stability. We investigate this puzzle by comparative studies of their (ancient and modern day Thrxs’) native state ensemble, as quantified by the Dynamic Flexibility Index (DFI), a metric for the relative resilience of an amino acid to perturbations in the rest of the protein. Clustering proteins using DFI profiles strongly resembles an alternate classification scheme based on their activity and stability. The DFI profiles of the extant proteins are substantially different around the α3, α4 helices and catalytic regions. Likewise, allosteric coupling of the active site with the rest of the protein is different between ancient and extant Thrxs, possibly explaining the decreased catalytic activity at low pH with evolution. At a global level, we note that the population of low flexibility (called hinges) and high flexibility sites increases with evolution. The heterogeneity (quantified by the variance) in DFI distribution increases with the decrease in the melting temperature typically associated with the evolution of ancient proteins to their modern-day counterparts.