bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum Problem der Palatalisierung und Depalatalisierung aus merkmalsgeometrischer Sicht am Beispiel des Russischen
Authors: Mende Philipp 
Published: August 2019

Summary
Although the theory of distinctive features, developed in SPE by Chomsky & Halle (1968) and later on reformed by Sagey (1986) and McCarthy (1988), provides a general description of phonemes from an articulatory point of view, it displays significant uncertainties when employed for Russian. These could be summarized in two points: first, which feature leads to a distinctive palatalization correlation of the phonemes and, second, which feature triggers the phonological processes of palatalization and depalatalization assimilation. In this work, these issues are discussed and clarified by means of the feature-geometric description of the two processes for Russian. Then, a differentiated description of the named phonological processes from a feature-geometric point of view is suggested and a differentiated phoneme inventory of Russian is developed.
The Oortsog Peridotite–Troctolite–Gabbro Intrusion, Western Mongolia:New Petrological and Geochronological Constraints
Authors: Shapovalova M.O. , Tolstykh N.D. , Shelepaev R.A. , Tsibizov L.V. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
—New petrological, isotope-geochronological, and geophysical data reveal two phases of magmatism in the Oortsog mafic–ultramafic intrusion in Western Mongolia. The intrusion consists of (i) rhythmically layered peridotite gabbro (278.7 ± 2.5 Ma) and (ii) poorly differentiated biotite-containing amphibole–olivine gabbro and gabbronorite (272 ± 2 Ma). The inverse upward succession from leucocratic to melanocratic lithologies within each rhythm indicates that the intrusion was tectonically overturned. The earlier rocks (phase 1) have lower contents of major oxides (Na2O + K2O, TiO2, and P2O5) than the later ones (phase 2) and show different patterns of incompatible elements. The intrusive rocks of phases 1 and 2 were derived from depleted (positive εNd) and enriched (negative εNd) mantle sources, respectively. The calculated parental melts of both phases belong to picritic (Mg-rich) basaltic magma. More insight into the intrusion structure was gained by mapping magnetic anomalies.
Delivery Room Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Pneumothorax
Authors: Smithhart William , Wyckoff Myra H. , Kapadia Vishal , Jaleel Mambarambath , Kakkilaya Venkatakrishna , Brown L. Steven , Nelson David B. , Brion Luc P. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:
In 2011, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) added consideration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for spontaneously breathing infants with labored breathing or hypoxia in the delivery room (DR). The objective of this study was to determine if DR-CPAP is associated with symptomatic pneumothorax in infants 35 to 42 weeks’ gestational age.

METHODS:
We included (1) a retrospective birth cohort study of neonates born between 2001 and 2015 and (2) a nested cohort of those born between 2005 and 2015 who had a resuscitation call leading to admission to the NICU and did not receive positive-pressure ventilation.

RESULTS:
In the birth cohort (n = 200 381), pneumothorax increased after implementation of the 2011 NRP from 0.4% to 0.6% (P &lt; .05). In the nested cohort (n = 6913), DR-CPAP increased linearly over time (r = 0.71; P = .01). Administration of DR-CPAP was associated with pneumothorax (odds ratio [OR]: 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4–6.8); the OR was higher (P &lt; .001) in infants receiving 21% oxygen (OR: 8.5; 95% CI: 5.9–12.3; P &lt; .001) than in those receiving oxygen supplementation (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.5–5.0; P &lt; .001). Among those with DR-CPAP, pneumothorax increased with gestational age and decreased with oxygen administration.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of DR-CPAP is associated with increased odds of pneumothorax in late-preterm and term infants, especially in those who do not receive oxygen in the DR. These findings could be used to clarify NRP guidelines regarding DR-CPAP in late-preterm and term infants.
Effect of altered thyroid status on the incidence of colon tumors induced by methylnitrosourea in rats
Authors: Glushakov Ruslan I. , Tolkach Pavel G. , Kurbanov Ruslan A. , Semenov Alexander L. , Tchizh Grigoriy A. , Reynyuk Vladimir L. , Basharin Vadim A. , Kotiv Bogdan N. 
Published: August 2019

Aim. The present study was designed to determine whether medically induced hyper- and hypothyroidism effect on incidence of colon tumors induced by methylnitrosourea (MNU) burden in rats.
Methods. Female rats (n = 88) were randomly divided into four groups: I (euthyroid-control), II (hyperthyroid caused by liothyronine), III (hyperthyroid caused by L-thyroxine) and IV (hypothyroid caused by propylthiouracil (PTU), also 11 rats were intact control. Colon carcinogenesis was induced with a four intrarectal instillation of MNU (4 mg in 0.5 ml saline solution) one time per week. Liothyronine (100 ± 10 µg per 100 g of animal weight 1 time per day), L-thyroxin (100 ± 10 µg per 100 g of animal weight 1 time per day) and propylthiouracil (PTU, 2,0 ± 0,15 mg per 100 g of animal weight 1 time per day) were administered intragastrically through an atraumatic probe daily, starting from the day of the last intrarectal instillation of MNU. Rats were sacrificed at 216 days after experiment beginning, and the total colon were excised, fixed for histology and analyzed.
Results. Drug inhibition of thyroid hormone function by PTU resulted in a decrease in the incidence of MNU-induced colon tumors and amounted to 27.3%. The incidence of colon tumors in the hyperthyroid group caused by L-thyroxine was 70.0% (F-test – 0.012, χ2 – 7.67; p < 0.05 compared with the hypothyroid group).
Creating the new Russian vaccines as an example of import substitution in pediatrics
Authors: Sklyarova Evgeniya V. , Berkihanova Djanet B. , Pashaev Selim V. , Yusupov Magomedrasul G. , Glushakov Ruslan I. , Nurmagomedov Маgomed N. , Davudov Ismail G. , Proshin Sergei N. 
Published: August 2019

In the modern economy the import substitution is an exceptional and temporary measure in the modern term. All states use or have used protectionist policies in their history due to the fact that there is a positive relationship between protectionism measures and the growth of gross national income. Active course on import substitution taken in Russia in 2014 after the introduction of Russian and anti-Russian economic sanctions. On August 4, 2015, at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation the decision was made to establish a Government Commission on Import Substitution. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 4, 2015 No. 785 “On the establishment of a government commission on import substitution”, in which the composition of the commission is approved, were signed by the Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. Analysis of the current state of the pharmaceutical and medical industry indicates its lag behind similar industries of economically developed countries in the range of products. While maintaining this trend the health of citizens of the Russian Federation as the most important component of the national security of the Russian Federation becomes dependent on foreign economic conditions. In this regard the innovative development of the domestic pharmaceutical and medical industry, especially for the production of drugs that are actively used in pediatrics, including neonatology, is one of the priorities of the modernization of the economy of the Russian Federation.
Conclusion. Pneumococcal infection causes most severe cases of pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, and otitis, especially dangerous for those for one reason or another weakened immune system. In this regard WHO recommends vaccination as the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases, including those caused by pneumococcal infection.
Perumusan Konsep Shariah Governance di Indonesia: Evaluasi Model Pengawasan Syariah di Sektor Perbankan
Authors: Puspitasari Laili Latifah , Muhammad Rifqi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract This study aims to evaluate Sharia governance infrastructure in Sharia banking in Indonesia, specifically the Sharia review phase by the Sharia Supervisory Board which was disclosed in the Sharia bank annual report. Furthermore, an analysis of the possibility of adopting the Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) of Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) is based on the perceptions of experts, using 3 research samples, namely Bank Syariah Mandiri, BPD DIY Sharia Business Unit, and BPRS Bhakti Sumekar. The data analysis uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Our results show that the governance processes, procedures and mechanisms in the Sharia review process by the DPS are supported by the bank's internal functions, namely the function of Internal Audit and the Compliance function. Based on these conditions, SGF BNM adoption is considered less suitable when applied to Islamic banking in Indonesia. One of them was caused by a lack of human resources in Indonesia with dual competency (Sharia law and finance). So that it is not possible to separate each unit such as the SGF BNM, namely Shariah Audit, Shariah Review, Shariah Research, and Shariah Risk ManagementAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi infrastruktur tata kelola Syariah pada perbankan Syariah di Indonesia, khususnya tahap Shariah review oleh Dewan Pengawas Syariah yang diungkap pada laporan tahunan bank Syariah. Untuk selanjutnya dilakukan analisis kemungkinan adopsi Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) yang didasarkan pada persepsi para ahli dengan menggunakan 3 sampel penelitian, yaitu Bank Syariah Mandiri, Unit Usaha Syariah BPD DIY, dan BPRS Bhakti Sumekar. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses, prosedur, dan mekanisme tata kelola khususnya pada proses Shariah review oleh DPS didukung oleh fungsi internal bank, yaitu fungsi Audit Internal dan fungsi Kepatuhan. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, adopsi SGF BNM dinilai kurang sesuai apabila diterapkan pada perbankan Syariah di Indonesia. Hal tersebut salah satunya disebabkan oleh kurangnya jumlah sumber daya insani di Indonesia dengan dual competency (hukum Syariah dan keuangan). Sehingga belum memungkinkan untuk dilakukan pemisahan tiap unit seperti pada SGF BNM yaitu Shariah Audit, Shariah Review, Shariah Research, dan Shariah Risk Management
Exploring the Motive of Muslim Consumers’ Intention Toward Goat’s Milk Purchasing in Malaysia: A Focus Group Interview
Authors: Kamarubahrin Aimi Fadzirul , Haris Asmaddy , Shaari Jamal Abdul Nassir , Shukor Syadiyah Abdul 
Published: August 2019

Abstract This study aims to conceptualize the motive of Muslim consumers’ intention toward goat’s milk purchasing in Malaysia. Two focus group discussion sessions involving 10 existing Muslim consumers’ who are purchased goat’s milk were conducted. Preliminary findings from this qualitative study showed that health and price played a significant role in Muslim consumers’ intention toward purchasing goat’s milk. Other three motives of Muslim consumers’ intention toward purchasing goat’s milk is taste, religiosity and nutritious. Recommendation for future studies is provided at the end of the paper.Abstrak Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti motif niat pengguna Islam terhadap pembelian susu kambing di Malaysia. Kajian lepas yang berkaitan telah dibincangkan dan dua sesi perbincangan kumpulan berfokus melibatkan 10 orang pengguna Islam yang membeli susu kambing telah dijalankan. Penemuan awal dari kajian kualitatif ini menunjukkan bahawa faktor kesihatan dan harga memainkan peranan penting dalam niat pengguna Islam untuk membeli susu kambing. Tiga lagi motif niat pengguna Islam terhadap pembelian susu kambing adalah rasa, agama dan khasiat. Cadangan untuk kajian masa depan disediakan pada bahagian akhir artikel.
USE OF THE SPEECH PASSPORT IN REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL MAXILLOFACIAL MALFORMATIONS
Authors: Токарев Павел , Tokarev Pavel , Шулаев Алексей , Shulaev Aleksey , Салеев Ринат , Saleev Rinat , Токарева Людмила , Tokareva Ludmila , Гайсина Людмила , Gaysina Ludmila 
Published: August 2019

Subject. The article describes the child's speech passport, as one of the important mechanisms of the rehabilitation and speech recovery in children with congenital cleft lip and palate.
Purpose of the study ― evaluation of the treatment outcome in children with cleft palate with the use of a speech passport at the stage of rehabilitation.
Materials and methods. The article presents the experience of the rehabilitation of more than 2,000 patients with congenital maxillofacial defects from 1998 to 2017.
Results. The features of speech development were studied in 93 patients divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 56 people, in whom the definition of the algorithm of medical and logopedic aid was carried out using a speech passport, then the rehabilitation measures complex developed by us for restoring and correcting the speech function was applied. The control group included 37 people: patients who did not receive medical and speech therapy in the postoperative period, and patients who underwent rehabilitation measures in outpatient clinic at the place of residence. The speech activity indicators in patients of the compared groups had significant differences (p = 0,026), due to a more pronounced positive dynamics of speech activity recovery in the main group - the percentage of patients increased 3,6 times ― from 17,9 to 64,3 %, while in the control group the rate increased only 1,9 times ― from 21,6 up to 40,5 %.
Conclusion. The developed speech passport involves a multidisciplinary approach to the child, early detection, treatment and rehabilitation. It is also can be defined as a link between health care, speech therapy and pedagogy. The child's speech passport data can be filled by a pediatrician, neurologist, maxillofacial surgeon, orthodontist, speech therapist and speech therapist defectologist at various stages of treatment and rehabilitation.
Scientific problem of modifying of primary crystals a -phase of silumin castings. Solutions
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. 
Published: August 2019

It is shown that intermetallic metals of the modifying ligatures are not the crystallization centers of primary crystals of a a-phase. As the main demodifier serves hydrogen dissolved in liquid silumin. For a solution of the problem of modifying of primary crystals of a a-phase in castings from silumins it is necessary to accept a presumption that crystallization centers of primary crystals of a a-phase are the crystalline developments consisting of a-phase nanocrystals, and the role of the modifying intermetallic metals of modifiers comes down to the active absorption of the dissolved hydrogen.
Scientific problem of modifying of primary crystals a β -phase of silumin castings. Solutions
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. 
Published: August 2019

It is shown that the phosphorum which is contained in a silumin melt in number of 0,01–0,04% exists in the dissolved form. For a solution of the problem of modifying of primary crystals of a β -phase in silumin castings it is necessary to accept a presumption that the oxygen adsorbed by a melt promotes decay and hinders the formation of crystallization centers of primary crystals of a β -phase. The role of phosphorum comes down to reduction of concentration of the adsorbed oxygen which works as the demodifier of primary microstructure of castings.
Pendayagunaan Zakat Produktif Dalam Penurunan Tingkat Kemiskinan Material Dan Kemiskinan Spiritual Berdasarkan Cibest Model ( Studi Kasus Pada Laz Umat Sejahtera Kabupaten Ponorogo)
Authors: Susilawati Ika 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif program dana zakat produktif dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan material dan meningkatkan spiritualitas mustahik. Tempat penelitian di LAZ Umat Sejahtera. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel secara acak yang berada di dua kecamatan yaitu kecamatan kota dan kecamatan siman, dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 25 responden. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Serta menggunakan Model Center of Islamic Business and Economics Studies (CIBEST) untuk mengukur hal-hal yang bersifat material (Material Value) dan hal-hal yang bersifat spiritual (Spiritual Value). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program ekonomi mandiri dari Masyarakat Ekonomi Sejahtera LAZ Umat Sejahtera dapat dikatakan berhasil. Karena dari 25 mustahik yang di teliti sebanyak 24 keluarga mengalami peningkatan baik dari sisi material maupun spiritual, dan hanya 1 keluarga yang tidak mengalami peningkatan baik dari sisi material maupun spiritual. Dengan Alasan karena harus bekerja secara berat.
Rekonstruksi Metodologi Hadits Kontemporer ( Telaah Atas Metode Takhrij Kontekstual )
Authors: Rumtianing Irma 
Published: August 2019

Mayoritas umat Islam telah sepakat bahwa hadits merupakan sumber ajaran agama kedua setelah al-Qur’an. Kedudukan hadits sebagai mashadirul ahkam tidak akan pernah berubah, akan tetapi pemahaman hadits bisa berubah karena ajaran Islam yang termaktub di dalam al-hadits dituntut untuk sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman (mashalih likulli zaman wa makan ). Tulisan ini bermaksud menawarkan metode baru dalam memahami hadits dengan cara merekonstruksi metodologi hadits menggunakan metode takhrij kontekstual, yaitu sebuah metode yang dapat digunakan sebagai usaha untuk meretas kebekuan kajian hadits dengan memahami hadits secara aktual dan kontekstual. Hadits yang selama ini dipandang shahih dan termaktub dalam shahih Bukhari-Muslim dipandang perlu untuk dikaji ulang dengan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan yaitu; pendekatan historis, sosiologis, antropologis, bahasa, psikologi, kultural dan pendekatan ilmu pengetahuan. Diharapkan tulisan berikut mampu merekonstruksi metode baru dalam memahami hadits sesuai dengan kontek kehidupan saat ini. Dengan menggabungkan antara analisis sanad, analisis matan dan reinterpretasi pemahaman serta menggunakan beberapa pendekatan diatas, diharapkan hadits lebih dapat dimaknai sesuai dengan konteks kekinian, sehingga lebih dapat memberikan pemahaman yang tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhan umat.
Can cluster analyses of linked healthcare data identify unique population segments in a General Practice-registered population?
Authors: Nnoaham Kelechi , Cann Kimberley 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Population segmentation is useful for understanding the health needs of populations. Expert-driven segmentation has limitations which are theoretically overcome by more data-driven approaches. Previous explorations of utilisation-based cluster analysis for segmentation demonstrated feasibility but were limited in potential usefulness for local service planning. This study explores the potential for using utilisation-based cluster analyses to segment a local General Practice-registered population in the South Wales Valleys.

Methods

Primary and secondary care datasets were linked to create a database of 79,607 patients including socio-demographic variables, morbidities, care utilisation, cost and risk factor information. We used k-means cluster analysis to group the population into segments with distinct healthcare utilisation patterns based on seven utilisation variables: elective inpatient admissions, non-elective inpatient admissions, outpatient first & follow-up attendances, Emergency Department visits, GP practice visits and prescriptions. We analysed segments post-hoc to understand their morbidity, risk and demographic profiles

Results

Ten population segments were identified which had distinct profiles of healthcare use, morbidity, demographic characteristics and risk attributes. Although half of the study population were in segments characterised as ‘low need’ populations, there was heterogeneity in this group with respect to variables relevant to service planning – e.g. settings in which care was mostly consumed. Significant and complex healthcare need was a feature across age groups and was driven more by deprivation and behavioural risk factors than by age and functional limitation.

Conclusions

This analysis shows that cluster analysis of linked primary and secondary healthcare use data for a local GP-registered population can segment the population into distinct groups with unique health and care needs, providing useful intelligence to inform local population health service planning and care delivery. More detailed understanding of the health and care priorities of population groups could drive integration of health and care, reducing fragmentation and reducing healthcare costs. It could also inform a comprehensive approach to bridging population healthcare quality gaps and strengthening existing value-based healthcare frameworks.
School Suspension Predicts Trichomonas Five Years Later in a Matched Sample
Authors: Rosenbaum Janet E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Young adults who were suspended from school during adolescence are more likely than matched non-suspended youth to be arrested, on probation, or not graduate from high school, which are STI risk factors. This study evaluates whether suspension is a marker for STI risk among young adults who avoid subsequent negative effects.

Methods

This study evaluated whether suspension predicts a positive test for chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomonas in a urine sample using matched sampling in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health), and evaluated potential mediators between suspension and STI status using causal mediation analysis. We used Mahalanobis and exact matched sampling within propensity score calipers to compare 381 youth suspended for the first time in a 1-year period with 980 non-suspended youth. The suspended and non-suspended youth were similar on 67 pre-suspension variables. We evaluated STI outcomes 5 years after suspension.

Results

Before matching, suspended youth were more likely to test positive for trichomonas and gonorrhea, but not chlamydia, than non-suspended youth. Suspended youth were more likely to test positive for trichomonas 5 years after suspension than matched non-suspended youth (OR=2.87 (1.40, 5.99)). Below-median household income before suspension explained 9% of the suspension-trichomonas association (p=0.02), but criminal justice involvement and educational attainment were not statistically significantly mediators.

Conclusions

School suspension is a marker for STI risk. Punishing adolescents for initial deviance may cause them to associate with riskier sexual networks even if they graduate high school and avoid criminal justice system involvement. Suspension may compound disadvantages for youth from below-median-income families, who have fewer resources for recovering from setbacks.