bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Results from a prospective multicentre trainee‐led audit
Authors: Siau Keith , Hodson James , Ingram Richard , Baxter Andrew , Widlak Monika M , Sharratt Caroline , Baker Graham M , Troth Tom , Hicken Ben , Tahir Faraz , Magrabi Malik , Yousaf Nouman , Grant Claire , Poon Dennis , Khalil Hesham , Lee Hui Lin , White Jonathan R , Tan Huey , Samani Syazeddy , Hooper Patricia , Ahmed Saeed , Amin Muhammad , Mahgoub Sara , Asghar Khayal , Leet Farique , Harborne Matthew J , Polewiczowska Beata , Khan Sheeba , Anjum Muhammad R , McFarlane Michael , Mozdiak Ella , O'Flynn Lauren D , Blee Ilona C , Molyneux Rachel M , Kurian Ashok , Abbas Syed N , Abbasi Abdullah , Karim Aadil , Yasin Asif , Khattak Fawad , White Josephine , Ahmed Ruhina , Morgan James A , Alleyne Lance , Alam Mohamed A , Palaniyappan Naaventhan , Rodger Victoria J , Sawhney Paramvir , Aslam Nasar , Okeke Theodore , Lawson Adam , Cheung Danny , Reid Jeremy P , Awasthi Ashish , Anderson Mark R , Timothy Joe R , Pattni Sanjeev , Ahmad Saqib , Townson Gillian , Shearman Jeremy , Giljaca Vanja , Brookes Matthew J , Disney Ben R , Guha Neil , Thomas Titus , Norman Anthony , Wurm Peter , Shah Ashit , Fisher Neil C , Ishaq Sauid , Major Giles 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundEndoscopy within 24 h of admission (early endoscopy) is a quality standard in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB). We aimed to audit time to endoscopy outcomes and identify factors affecting delayed endoscopy (>24 h of admission).MethodsThis prospective multicentre audit enrolled patients admitted with AUGIB who underwent inpatient endoscopy between November and December 2017. Analyses were performed to identify factors associated with delayed endoscopy, and to compare patient outcomes, including length of stay and mortality rates, between early and delayed endoscopy groups.ResultsAcross 348 patients from 20 centres, the median time to endoscopy was 21.2 h (IQR 12.0–35.7), comprising median admission to referral and referral to endoscopy times of 8.1 h (IQR 3.7–18.1) and 6.7 h (IQR 3.0–23.1), respectively. Early endoscopy was achieved in 58.9%, although this varied by centre (range: 31.0–87.5%, p = 0.002). On multivariable analysis, lower Glasgow–Blatchford score, delayed referral, admissions between 7:00 and 19:00 hours or via the emergency department were independent predictors of delayed endoscopy. Early endoscopy was associated with reduced length of stay (median difference 1 d; p = 0.004), but not 30‐d mortality (p = 0.344).ConclusionsThe majority of centres did not meet national standards for time to endoscopy. Strategic initiatives involving acute care services may be necessary to improve this outcome.
Evidence for the impacts of agroforestry on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well-being in high-income countries: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Brown Sarah E. , Miller Daniel C. , Ordonez Pablo J. , Baylis Kathy 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background
Agroforestry bridges the gap that often separates agriculture and forestry by building integrated systems that address both environmental and socio-economic objectives. Agroforestry can improve the resiliency of agricultural systems and mitigate the impacts of climate change. Existing research suggests that integrating trees on farms can prevent environmental degradation, improve agricultural productivity, increase carbon sequestration, generate cleaner water, and support healthy soil and healthy ecosystems while providing stable incomes and other benefits to human welfare. Although these claims are becoming more widely accepted as the body of agroforestry research increases, systematic understanding of the evidence supporting them remains lacking for high-income countries. This systematic map will address this research need by providing a tool for identifying and visualizing the existing evidence demonstrating the impacts of agroforestry practices and interventions on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. The results will be useful for informing policy decisions and future research by making the evidence easily accessible and highlighting the gaps in knowledge as well as areas with enough evidence to conduct systematic reviews.

Methods
This systematic map will identify, collect, display, and describe available evidence on the impacts of agroforestry on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well-being in high-income countries. The search strategy will cover 5 primary databases and 24 organizational websites using a pre-defined search string designed to capture studies relating agroforestry practices and interventions to outcomes in high-income countries. The searches will all be conducted in English. We will screen the identified studies for inclusion or exclusion in stages, first on title and abstract and then on full-text. We will collect data from studies included at the full-text stage to form the map and associated database. For inclusion, the study in question must assess the impacts of the deliberate promotion and/or actual integration of woody perennials (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos, etc.) on the same land management unit as agricultural crops and/or animals.
Efficacy of an Intensive, Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Training Workshop in Tanzania
Authors: Ng Dianna L. , Vuhahula Edda , Zhang Li , Waterhouse Emily G. , White Kristie L. , Mushi Beatrice Paul , Nyeriga Msiba Selekwa , Philipo Godfrey Sama , Mmbaga Elia J. , Sheth Sujay , Van Loon Katherine , Lee Amie Y. , Balassanian Ronald 
Published: October 2018

Background Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a minimally invasive, cost-effective diagnostic tool that can be used in low-resource settings. However, adequacy and accuracy of FNAB is highly dependent on the skills of the operator and requires specialized training. Poor technique can preclude definitive diagnoses because of insufficient quality or quantity of FNAB samples. We evaluated the efficacy of an intensive training experience in Tanzania on improving ultrasound-guided FNAB techniques. Methods A 2-day workshop offered didactic lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on practicum on fundamentals of ultrasound imaging and FNAB technique. A prospective interventional study design was used with pre- and postintervention surveys and assessments to measure the effect of the workshop on specific skills related to slide smearing and ultrasound-guidance among participants. Results Twenty-six pathologists and radiologists, including trainees in each specialty, participated in the workshop. Pre- and postworkshop assessments demonstrated that most participants improved significantly in nearly all technical skills for slide smearing and ultrasound-guided FNAB. After the workshop, most participants demonstrated substantial improvements in ability to prepare the ultrasound equipment, measure the lesion in three dimensions by ultrasound, target lesions in one pass using both parallel and perpendicular approaches, and prepare high-quality aspirate smears. Conclusion An in-country 2-day workshop in Tanzania was efficacious in transferring basic skills in FNAB smear preparation and ultrasound-guided FNAB, resulting in skills enhancement among participating pathologists and radiologists. Although mastery of skills was not the goal of this short workshop, participants demonstrated proficiency in most technical elements after workshop completion, and the workshop generated interest among select participants to pursue additional intensive training in cytopathology.
A Revolutionary Postmortem: Body, Memory, and History in Yucatán, Mexico, 1915–2015
Authors: Eiss Paul K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGeneral Salvador Alvarado earned renown as a visionary leader during and after his time as governor of Yucatán during the Constitutionalist revolution (1915–18), even contemplating a presidential run before his life was ended by an assassin's bullet. In ensuing decades, politicians, historians, and poets—whether admirers or detractors—repeatedly evoked his figure and his words as they celebrated, reviled, or sought to restore the Mexican Revolution and its legacies. This article takes the measure of Alvarado's political, corporeal, and textual powers over the century following his assumption of power in 1915, with attention to the ways that historical memory and historiography were central concerns of political action and discourse for Alvarado, as much for his partisans as for his critics. I argue that the history of Alvarado's physical and textual corpus—in life and after death—demonstrates how political power may operate beyond the present, with an emergent, future-oriented dimension that unfolds over time.
Handsworth Song
Authors: Bourland Ian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article examines one photograph by British photographer Vanley Burke. It makes methodological claims about the use of individual photographs as archival evidence. More broadly, it considers Burke’s documentation of Caribbean sound systems in urban England during the 1970s, arguing that such images are crucial sites of intervention in the visualization and historicization of working-class communities, especially migrants from the postcolony.
The Back of the Photograph
Authors: Halpern Rick 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBetween 1898 and 1914 American occupiers tried to make sense of their new Filipino subjects, both in the Pacific archipelago and back home in the United States. Clearly racial “others,” the precise status of the polyglot Filipino population was confusing to colonial administrators and a wider public accustomed, at the height of the era of Jim Crow segregation, to seeing race in terms of a simpler black/white binary. This article shows how colonial officials used visual culture first to make judgments about the suitability of different sorts of Filipinos for various forms of labor and then, through the medium of photography, to claim scientific status for their findings.
Putting the Public into Pictures
Authors: Mor Jessica Stites 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This review considers two recent visual histories of labor in the Americas. It compares Kevin Coleman’s A Camera in the Garden of Eden to Carol Quirke’s Eyes on Labor and asks questions related to the methodologies and findings of each study. The article also sets the two works into their historiographic contexts and suggests how each pushes the boundaries of its given geographical field.
Roles for Ena/VASP proteins in FMNL3-mediated filopodial assembly
Authors: Young Lorna E. , Latario Casey J. , Higgs Henry N. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Filopodia are actin-dependent finger-like structures that protrude from the plasma membrane. Actin filament barbed-end-binding proteins localized to filopodial tips are key to filopodial assembly. Two classes of barbed-end-binding proteins are formins and Ena/VASP proteins, and both classes have been localized to filopodial tips in specific cellular contexts. Here, we examine the filopodial roles of the FMNL formins and Ena/VASP proteins in U2OS cells. FMNL3 suppression reduces filopodial assembly by 90%, and FMNL3 is enriched at &gt;95% of filopodial tips. Suppression of VASP or Mena (also known as ENAH) reduces filopodial assembly by &gt;75%. However, VASP and Mena do not display consistent filopodial tip localization, but are enriched in focal adhesions (FAs). Interestingly, &gt;85% of FMNL3-containing filopodia are associated with FAs. Two situations increase Ena/VASP filopodial localization: (1) expression of myosin-X, and (2) actively spreading cells. In spreading cells, filopodia often mark sites of nascent adhesions. Interestingly, VASP suppression in spreading cells causes a significant increase in adhesion assembly at filopodial tips. This work demonstrates that, in U2OS cells, Ena/VASP proteins play roles in filopodia beyond those at filopodial tips.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Longitudinal Associations of Fitness, Motor Competence, and Adiposity with Cognition
Authors: HAAPALA EERO A. , LINTU NIINA , VÄISTÖ JUUSO , TOMPURI TUOMO , SOININEN SONJA , VIITASALO ANNA , ELORANTA AINO-MAIJA , VENÄLÄINEN TAISA , SÄÄKSLAHTI ARJA , LAITINEN TOMI , LAKKA TIMO A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), motor competence (MC), and body fat percentage (BF%) with cognition in children.

Methods
Altogether, 371 children (188 boys and 183 girls) 6–9 yr of age at baseline participated in this 2-yr follow-up study. We assessed CRF by maximal cycle ergometer test, computed the MC score from the z-scores of the 50-m shuttle run, static balance, and box and block test results, measured BF% by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and assessed cognition using the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) score. The associations were studied by linear regression analysis and repeated-measures ANCOVA.

Results
In boys, a higher MC score (β = −0.161, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.314 to −0.009), a shorter 50-m shuttle run test duration (β = 0.152, 95% CI = 0.007–0.296), and a higher number of cubes moved in the Box and block test (β = −0.161, 95% CI = −0.309 to −0.013) at baseline were associated with a smaller increase in the RCPM score during follow-up. These associations were largely explained by the RCPM score at baseline. However, boys in the highest third (mean difference = 2.5, 95% CI for difference = 0.66–4.33) and the middle third (mean difference = 2.1, 95% CI for difference = 0.39–3.82) of the MC score at baseline had a higher RCPM score over the 2-yr follow-up than boys in the lowest third. CRF, MC, or adiposity was not associated with the RCPM score in girls. Changes in CRF, MC, or BF% were not associated with changes in cognition.

Conclusions
Higher MC at baseline predicted better cognition during the first two school years in boys but not in girls. CRF or adiposity was not associated with cognition in boys or girls.
A atualidade do pensamento de Paulo Freire para refletirmos sobre políticas públicas e práticas na Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Moura Ana Paula Abreu , Ventura Jaqueline Pereira 
Published: October 2018

Este artigo traz a atualidade do pensamento de Paulo Freire, em especial de sua obra Pedagogia do Oprimido (FREIRE, 1968), para a construção de políticas públicas e práticas pedagógicas na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), entendendo-a como um direito. Para isso, discute conceitos centrais da obra do autor, como dialogicidade e autonomia, e reafirma o papel que as instituições educativas podem cumprir na defesa de projetos e concepções de homem e de sociedade que busquem a emancipação humana.
Chemically Enhanced Solids and Phosphorus Removal from Liquid Swine Manure
Authors: Agomoh Ikechukwu , Zvomuya Francis , Akinremi Olalekan O. , Cicek Nazim 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Pig producers are under pressure to comply with increasingly stringent regulations aimed at protecting surface water quality. This study investigated the effectiveness of four chemical amendments [calcium carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), aluminum sulfate (alum), and the polyacrylaminde (PAM) Superfloc C494] at enhancing solids settling in swine manure slurries containing 10, 50, and 80 g L-1 total solids (TS). Amendment manure was placed in 21 L settling columns (15 cm diameter and 120 cm height) and allowed to settle. Samples collected from the 15 to 45 cm, 45 to 75 cm, and 75 to 105 cm depth intervals during 24 h of settling were analyzed for TS and phosphorus (P) concentration. Polyacrylamide was the most effective amendment for removing solids from the 15 to 45 cm layer in manure containing 10 g L-1 TS during the first 4 h of sampling. Calcium carbonate was the second most effective at the same TS concentration and slightly outperformed PAM at 80 g L-1 initial TS. Alum and MgSO4 did not significantly (p &lt; 0.1) improve solids removal when compared with the control at all initial TS concentrations and sampling times. The effectiveness of PAM at removing solids decreased at initial TS concentrations of 50 and 80 g L-1 due to resuspension of solids at settling times beyond 4 h. These results indicate that treatment of swine manure with chemical amendments at the concentrations tested enhances gravitational settling of solids, particularly at low TS concentration (10 g L-1), but has minimal effect on P removal. Keywords: Coagulant, Flocculant, Manure management, Nutrients, Solid-liquid separation, Total solids.
Comparison of Two Subsoiler Designs Using the Discrete Element Method (DEM)
Authors: Li Bo , Chen Ying , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Subsoiling is an essential tillage practice for loosening soil and enhancing water infiltration. In this study, a discrete element model was developed and validated to simulate soil-tool interactions. The validated model was then used to evaluate two design alternatives of subsoiling tool: a non-winged tool (NW) and a winged tool (WW). The performance indicators used for the evaluation included draft force and soil disturbance area at different rake angles (ranging from 23.0° to 40.5°) and working depths (ranging from 225 to 350 mm) at a constant travel speed of 0.8 m s-1. The results showed that the WW tool required more than twice the draft force and disturbed more than twice the soil area when compared to the NW tool, regardless of rake angle and working depth. The draft force of the NW tool had no variation over the range of rake angles tested, whereas the WW tool had the lowest draft force at 26.5°. The soil disturbance area did not show any particular trend for both design alternatives at the rake angles studied. With the increase in working depth, the soil disturbance area of the WW tool decreased; however, no change was observed for the NW tool. Considering both draft force and soil disturbance area, both the NW and WW tools should be operated at the shallowest possible depth, and the recommended rake angle was 33.5° for the NW tool and 33.5° to 40.5° for the WW tool. Keywords: DEM, Design, Disturbance, Force, Soil, Subsoiling, Tool.
Current Research in Land, Water, and Agroecosystems: ASABE Journals 2017 Year in Review
Authors: Douglas-Mankin Kyle R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This article highlights current research into land and water resources, agroecosystems, and agricultural production systems published by the Natural Resources and Environmental Systems (NRES) community of ASABE journals ( and ) in 2017. Context, scope, and key results of the published articles are reviewed and perhaps more importantly areas for increased research attention are recommended. This article describes experimental and modeling advances in hydrology, agroecosystems, climate change effects, soil erosion, agricultural irrigation, agricultural drainage, forest resource management, livestock systems, natural treatment systems, international water issues, and water quality topic areas. Three special collections were published (International Watershed Technology, Crop Modeling and Decision Support for Optimizing Use of Limited Water, and Advances in Drainage). Other focal areas included 14 articles relating to livestock waste management, 13 concerning irrigated agricultural systems, 8 addressing climate change effects on land, water, and agroecosystems, and 16 on various aspects of soil erosion measurement and modeling. Building on the articles reviewed from 2017 and toward a vision of future agroecosystems research, the NRES community of ASABE journals strives to expand its role in making new knowledge accessible to sustain agricultural and natural systems in a changing world. With this goal in mind, recommendations for future research needs are proposed with an emphasis on increased application of remote sensing data to agroecosystems research, improved assessment of agroecosystem resiliency and vulnerability to land and climate change, development of integrated models of agroecosystem services, meeting stubborn water management challenges in agricultural production systems, and focusing on publishing fully reproducible model results. Keywords: Agriculture, Climate change, Composting, Crop models, Crop water use, Crop yield, Drainage, Drought, Environment, Field experimentation, Food, Forest, Greenhouse gas emissions, Hydrologic modeling, Hydrology, Irrigation, Livestock, Manure management, Mode
Migrants, Irregular Migrants, or (Irregular) Migrants?
Authors: Weatherhead Katharine T. 
Published: October 2018

Response to the ATR Debate Proposition: ‘It is important and necessary to make clear distinctions between (irregular) migrants, refugees and trafficked persons.’
Upon first reading this issue’s debate proposition, I was struck by its structure rather than its content. Its content is subject to lively discussions among scholars, practitioners, and policy-makers, as attested to by other contributions in this issue of the journal. Its curious structure, though, raises issues that merit articulation. In what follows, I briefly problematise the bracketing of the word ‘irregular’ in the debate proposition. What the brackets do is prompt an additional question: migrants, irregular migrants, or (irregular) migrants?
The Antics of Semantics in International Law
Authors: McAdam Marika 
Published: October 2018

Response to the ATR Debate Proposition: ‘It is important and necessary to make clear distinctions between (irregular) migrants, refugees and trafficked persons.’
Whether a person is given a loaded label like ‘irregular’ migrant, refugee or trafficked person, can make the difference between arrest and protection, or between deportation and asylum, or between return to an uncertain fate and assistance for a decent life. In short, the distinctions we make in the language of international law may mean the difference between life and death.
Indolebutyric acid on boxwood propagation by stem cuttings
Authors: Vieira Leandro Marcolino , Kruchelski Silvano , Gomes Erik Nunes , Zuffellato-Ribas Katia Christina 
Published: October 2018

Buxus sempervirens L., popularly known as boxwood, is a woody shrub widely used in gardening and landscaping. One of the most important factors for B. sempervirens commercial production is its propagation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentrations on the adventitious rooting of semihardwood stem cuttings of the species. Branches with new shoots were collected from stock plants with approximately 17 years of growth. Stem cuttings of six centimeters in length with two leaves in the upper region were made with a straight cut at the apex and a bevel cut at the base. Cuttings bases were immersed for 10 seconds in hydroalcoholic solutions (50% v v-1) with IBA at 0, 1500, 3,000 or 6,000 mg L-1. The cuttings were evaluated at 64 and 116 days after planting. Rooting, mortality, callus formation and sprouting percentages as well as root number and root length were measured. At 64 days, no significant percentage of rooting was observed in B. sempervirens stem cuttings and sprouting and callus formation were not significantly affected by the treatments. Keeping the cuttings in the greenhouse for 116 days led to rooting rates up to a 97.5%, with no statistical difference among treatments. Root lengths and root numbers did not differ as a function of treatments. The required period for B. sempervirens stem cuttings rooting is around 116 days; IBA application does not affect rooting, survival or sprouting of B. sempervirens stem cuttings.