bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic Geomorphology of the Mahi River Basin, Western India
Authors: Raj Rachna , Maurya D. M. , Chamyal L. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Neotectonic activity along pre-Quaternary tectonic trends has played a major role in the evolution of Mahi drainage basin. The Mahi basin is controlled by NE-SW and WNW-ESE Aravalli trend in the uplands and by NNW-SSE Tertiary basement faults in the distal part. Lineament analysis shows three structural trends in the area which are related to major regional tectonic trends. Stream orientations indicate that the NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE trends represent lineaments which were active during the youngest tectonic phase. The NE-SW and WNW-ESE trends are slightly older. The evolution of overall configuration of the basin is attributable to neotectonic activity along WNW-ESE and NESW trends which have been modified by a later phase of tectonic activity along NNW-SSE trend. Morphotectonic analysis has been helpful in assessing the relative degree of tectonic activity in the different geomorphic zones of the Mahi river basin. An increasing degree of tectonic activity towards the NE conforming to the northeastward extension of the Aravalli range where the central axis of the range lies, has been indicated.
Fresh Water Gastropods from the Maleri Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Godavari Valley, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Nath T. T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper records the discovery of gastropods from the vertebrate fauna-bearing beds of Maleri Formation from southwest of Kataram in the Godavari valley. They include genera Physa, Lymnaea and Tricula, which indicate a fresh water environment.
X-ray Diffraction, Infrared and Isotope Study of the Lakadong Limestone, Meghalaya
Authors: Kotoky P. , Baruah Baby , Borgohain R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectral analyses of the Lakadong Limestone, Meghalaya indicate calcite as its dominant mineral phase. Association of dolomite at the base and presence of silica at the top of the sequence is evidenced from the spectra. A significant relationship between CaO content and the peak intensity of IR-spectra is found and needs standardisation before it can be utilised for rapid estimation of quality of limestone and can be an alternative for different time consuming analytical procedures. Stable isotope of d13C {0.63 to 1.12‰( av.0.87±0.01‰)} points to enrichment of heavier C isotope and d18O values {-7.34 to-10.55‰ (av.-9.06±0.01‰) ) to lighter O isotope enrichment. Isotopic grid analysis confirms the marine origin for the limestone. Biochemical fractionation along with diagenetic reorganisation might have played critical roles in controlling the isotopic ratios of this limestone.
A Note on the Occurrence of Ultra-Potassic Volcanic Rocks in the Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin
Authors: Reddy I. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This note records for the first time the occurrence of ultra-potassic volcanic rocks in the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin. The ultra-potassic rocks occur within the tuffaceous sequence of the Pullampet Formation of Nallamalai Group of Cuddapah Supergroup in the area around Naiduvaripalle in Cheyyeru valley in the Cuddapah district of Andhra Pradesh. Petrographic studies reveal that the rock is aphanitic with phenocrysts of alkali feldspar set in a finely crystalline groundmass of slender feldspar microlites and chlorite. The rock displays typical ultra-potassic chemical characters in having high K2O&gt;8%, K2O:Na2O &gt;25% and MgO &gt;3%.
Proterozoic Iron Oxide (Cu-Ni-U-REE) Type Mineralisation in the Environs of Dalma Volcanics, West Singhbhum District, Bihar. A New Horizon for Exploration of Polymetallic Ores
Authors: Mishra K. S. , Gupta K. R. , Bagchi A. K. , Jagmer Singh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Significant uranium geochemical anomalies associated with Cu, Ni, REE, Au indicative of favourable Iron oxide breccia type of mineralisation has been located along a sympathetic faulted zone close to the main fault along the northern contact of Dalma volcanic range. The assemblages of the rocks found north of Dalma volcanics viz., carbon phyllite, carbonaceous quartzite, calc-arenite and cherty quartzite are indicative of typical marine environment of lower to middle Proterozoic age traceable for about 10 km over a 3-7 km wide zone. The mineralisation represented by iron oxide breccia is confined to a major structural zone parallel to a regional strike fault and is cut across by transverse faults. Significant anomalous concentration of U3O8 (140-770 ppm), Cu (173-498 ppm), Ni (148-1566 ppm), Au (&lt;0.25 to 1.6 ppm), Ag (1.2 to 4.29 ppm) and REE (Y 131 to 607 ppm, La &lt;50 to 993 ppm, Ce 41 to 91 ppm) points to its economic potentiality. The geological characteristics and tectonic set-up are akin to the major iron oxide (Fe-Cu-Ni/U-REE-Au) type of deposits reported elsewhere in the world. Investigation on the economic potentiality of the mineralisation is under progress.
A 75 Ka Record of Palaeoclimatic Changes Inferred from Crystallinity of Illite from Nal Sarovar, Western India
Authors: Pandarinath K. , Prasad Sushma , Gupta S. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The crystallinity of the clay mineral illite, which is a climatically sensitive parameter, was studied for palaeoclimatic inferences from a core raised from Nal Sarovar in western India. The changes in crystallinity of illite in the top 3m of the core showed that the climate was wetter than present from ~6.3-4.6 ka BP and was followed by a relatively dry phase which has continued up to the present. These palaeoclimatic observations are largely similar to those obtained from d13C and C/N ratio variations in the top 3m of the core. From the deeper (&gt;3m) section, a wet spell around 50 ka BP was identified in an otherwise continuous spell of aridity between 7 and 73 ka BP. The presence of a red bed dated to -50 ka BP (depth 1285-1324 cm) also suggested that the climate was wet followed by dry conditions during this period.
This interpretation of palaeoclimatic changes deciphered from the Nal Sarovar core differs in some detail from the Rajasthan palaeoclimatic record and that available from south India.
Evaluation of Site Suitability for Disposing of Solidwaste Using Waste Aquifer Isolation Principle
Authors: Thangarajan M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The primary concern in selecting waste site is the need for isolating the waste site from the fresh water zones, e.g., water table. It implies that there should be an impermeable zone for pollutant migration between any waste site and groundwater regime. The unsaturated zone, otherwise called the vadose zone, that lies between the topsoil and water table forms the most important natural attenuating zone for the migration of leachate. Thus, there is a need to select a site, which has very low permeable and absorbing vadose zone. Selection of an ideal site needs rigorous field investigations, followed by mass transport modelling. In case of scarce resources of money and time, one needs a few faster methods based on empirical approach to identify the disposal site. One such empirical method is to identify a site, which has good attenuation potential for the leachate produced by the waste pile. This is termed as waste aquifer isolation principle (WAIP). This will restrict the contaminant migration to reach the water table within short span of time. This principle makes use of the hydrogeologic criteria using the data related to type of waste and area to be disposed, quantum of pollutant, effective porosity, thickness of unsaturated zone, and vertical permeability of the medium. A computer code WASP, based on the above principle, was used to compute an index to decide upon the suitability of the site.
The above approach was tested in an existing site near Ranipet (125 km southwest of Chennai) in Vellore district. Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu Chromates and Chemicals Ltd., (TCC) at Ranipet Industrial Estate produces sodium dichromate and disposes of its solid wastes containing soluble hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), which is toxic, for the last 20 years in an area of 35000 m2 and has contaminated the groundwater regime with high level chromium concentration. It was found through this study that the site is unsuitable for disposing toxic wastes. This approach may be followed as a first step, wherever quick solution is needed with minimum resources, but this cannot and does not replace the need for quantification of pollutant migration through mass transport modelling. This quick method is based on hydrogeological criteria with minimum computational effort, as such it can be employed easily by any field hydrologist.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Boerhaavia diffusa and Tribulus terrestris on Acute Kidney Disease in Dogs
Authors: Dawar Pooja , Singh Brejesh , Pradhan Shashi , Maravi Pushpendra , Pathak Salil Kumar , Singh Srashty 
Published: November 2024

Background: A total of 24 dogs confirmed with acute kidney disease were randomly divided into four treatment groups each comprising 6 dogs. Additionally, six healthy dogs were selected as the healthy control group. Method: A total of 24 dogs confirmed for acute kidney disease were divided randomly into four treatment groups i.e., G2, G3, G4, and G5 each comprising of 6 dogs. Six healthy dogs were selected as the healthy control group (G1). Dogs of group G2 were treated with Enalapril, G3 were treated with Pulv. Boerhaavia diffusa, G4 were treated with Pulv. Tribulus terrestris and G5 with the combination of Pulv. Boerhaavia diffusa and Pulv. Tribulus terrestris. Supportive treatment was given as per the requirement in all the treatment groups. Result: Haematological parameters showed a significant decrease in Hb, TEC and PCV on day 0 (pre-treatment) in all dogs. Biochemical parameters revealed a significant increase in the values of serum creatinine, BUN, ALP, and AST levels while serum sodium concentration decreased. Proteinuria was observed on urinalysis. However, on day 30 (post-treatment) significant improvement was observed in the values of haemato-biochemical and urinary parameters.
Response of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) as Succeeding Crop to Residual Effect of Micronutrients Mixture Administered in Preceding Sweet corn [Zea mays (L.) Saccharata]
Authors: Pravalika K.M. , Yogananda S.B. , Prakash S.S. , Fathima P.S. , Thimmegowda P. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Maize followed by pulses is the predominant cropping system in many parts of India. After harvesting sweet corn, most farmers leave their land unplanted, even though it has significant potential for growing a second crop during the rabi season. Greengram is one of the best options for farmers, as it not only increases their income but also utilizes the soil¢s residual nutrients and moisture. Greengram, a short-duration crop, is one of the key pulse crops in India and serves as a protein-rich food. In light of the aforementioned considerations, an experiment was conducted to evaluate whether the foliar application of micronutrients mixture to the previous kharif sweet corn crop had any residual effects on the productivity and profitability of the subsequent greengram crop. Methods: The experiment, which included ten treatments was carried out in two consecutive rabi seasons during 2022 and 2023 at the College of Agriculture, V.C. Farm, Mandya, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, was designed using a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. After sweet corn stubbles were incorporated into the soil, greengram was planted as a follow-up crop to preserve soil fertility. With the exception of absolute control, the recommended dosage of NPK fertilizers (20:50:50 kg ha-1) for greengram was common. Result: The pooled data showed that the foliar application of MM2 (0.2%) + Humic acid @ 0.5% greatly enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes over absolute control, resulting in the highest net return (Rs. 45,203 ha-1) and benefit:cost ratio of 2.47 among the residual effect of micronutrients mixture.
Effect of Herbicide Mesosulfuron-Methyl + Iodosulfuron-Methyl and Salicylic Acid Treatment on the Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Chlorophyll Content in Wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.)
Authors: Khatami Seyedeh Asieh , Alebrahim Mohammad Taghi , Korres Nicholas E. 
Published: November 2024

The use of herbicides is one of the important factors affecting crop production. High concentrations of herbicides can cause damage not only to weeds but also to the crops by altering physiological processes in plant cells. When plants are exposed to herbicidal stress, they may resist stress by activating antioxidant defense responses or where antioxidant defense is not sufficient, stress resistance can be improved by treatment with various signaling molecules such as salicylic acid (SA). In this study, the effects of salicylic acid in improving the damage caused by the use of herbicide mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl in wheat plants is investigated. One day after treatment (DAT) no significant effects were observed by the application of herbicide and salicylic acid on minimal fluorescence (Fo). In general, the value of Fo was increased over time and significant differences between the treatments tested in this work were observed. More specifically, the highest amount of Fo was recorded at herbicide dose of 72 g a.i. ha-1 without salicylic acid 7 DAT, which was 28.48% higher of that recorded in untreated wheat plants. The lowest amount of maximum fluorescence (Fm) and the ratio between variable fluorescence over Fm (Fv/Fm) were recorded at 72 g a.i. ha-1 of herbicidal dose without salicylic acid, 5 DAT. More specifically, 0.5 and 1 mM of SA caused an increase of 9.48 % and 10.12 % in Fm value and 3.40% and 5.58% in Fv/m value, respectively. The content of chlorophyll α, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll decreased under 36 and 72 g a.i. ha-1 of herbicidal dose in all sampling occasions. The use of SA increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in all concentrations and sampling occasions. Likewise, the content of carotenoids was also increased at all stages due to SA presence. The highest content of carotenoids was recorded when the plants exposed at 72 g a.i. ha-1 and had been pre-treated with 1 mM salicylic acid 7 DAT. On the contrary, the lowest amount was obtained under the treatment without herbicide and salicylic acid 3 DAT.
A Qualitative Study on Patient-Nurse Communication in an Oncology Hospital Setting
Authors: Iacorossi Laura , D'Antonio Giovanna , Condoleo Maria , Guariglia Lara , Petrone Fabrizio , Molinaro Simona , Caruso Anita 
Published: November 2024

Background: Communication is an important aspect in making patients competent to define, process, and manage their disease condition as well as to intercept and satisfy psychosocial needs. Communication between patient and nurse is central in the learning and orientating process since the nurse has the greatest frequency and continuity of relationship with patients and their families. Objective: To investigate the quality of communication between patient and nurse and the factors that promote or hinder effective communication from the oncology patient&#039;s perspective within an inpatient hospital setting. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with one-to-one semi-structured interviews. The population consisted of oncologic patients admitted to the Medical Oncology Units of the Regina Elena National Cancer Institute in Rome. Data were analyzed using Ritchie and Spencer&#039;s Framework Analysis. Results: The sample comprised 20 patients, with an average age of 61.35, admitted to the Regina Elena Medical Oncology Units. Three themes emerged: positive communication as an element of care, factors fostering communication, and factors hindering communication. Conclusions: The sample interviewed deems the quality of communication satisfactory. Familiar communication style, direct language, and caring are factors fostering communication. In contrast, lack of communication between medical and nursing staff, shortage of staff, and lack of time are considered communication barriers. Advanced communication competencies in nurses are crucial for effectively addressing the emotional and psychosocial needs of cancer patients, fostering a more empathetic and supportive care environment.
Effect of Building Orientation and Raster Angle on Mechanical Properties of Selected Materials Used in FFF Techniques
Authors: Dziewit Piotr , Rajkowski Kamil , Płatek Paweł 
Published: November 2024

Growth in the development of additive manufacturing materials (AM) and the low availability of studies on the impact response of AM specimens is the main reason for this paper. Therefore, the influence of the building orientation (vertical and horizontal) and the angle of the raster (15°/-75°, 30°/-60°, 45°/-45°, and 0°/90°) on the tensile and impact strength of the AM specimens was investigated. The PLA PolyMax, Mediflex and ABS filaments were chosen to provide comprehensive characterization for AM materials with versatile mechanical properties. The experimental results of this study show that the tensile strength and toughness of PolyMax PLA specimens are comparable to ABS specimens while Mediflex samples are characterized with higher toughness but lower impact force needed to break the samples. The Mediflex Charpy fracture surfaces exhibit ductile character compared to those of brittle ABS and PLA. Furthermore, fracture surface morphology shows the allocation of voids which helps to understand differences in mechanical properties and allows one to properly interpret the results of geometrical accuracy of AM specimens with various printing settings.
(Dis)Order in Submarine Fans at Different Observational Scales: An Example From Unit a of the Laingsburg Formation, Karoo Basin
Authors: Spychala Yvonne , Burgess Peter , Stevenson Christopher 
Published: November 2024

Perceived order in submarine fans is traditionally used to support simple sequence stratigraphic interpretation of allogenic forcing but evidence is typically limited to qualitative evaluation of the geological dataset. Quantitative analysis of the well-studied ‘Unit A’ basin-floor fan from the Laingsburg Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa suggests a more complex interpretation. We use Markov facies analysis to test for order in the facies successions, and runs tests and power spectral analyses to assess order in the succession of bed thicknesses. Some bed-by-bed order is detectable in the facies successions, but thickness successions are more complex; no order is detectable as simple consistent bed-by-bed runs of thickening or thinning-upwards. Spectral analysis does detect some significant periodicities, but the periods are different in each vertical section analysed, ranging from 35-45 beds, 50-55 beds and from 60-70 beds in respective vertical sections. This perhaps indicates that complex autogenic compensational stacking processes control the details of how patterns emerge at specific locations, even when larger-scale trends do occur in regional stacking of lobes and lobe complexes and there is no evidence for a single, dominant allogenic control the Karoo submarine fan strata. More comprehensively, this analysis suggests that sequence stratigraphic interpretations of outcrop and core deep-water strata will be more robust with integrated quantitative bed thickness and facies trend analysis as a standard approach. Sequence stratigraphic interpretations of deep-water strata should avoid a model-driven single dominant control approach, and instead use the quantitative analysis to more fully explore the typical complexity of these strata.
Specialized curricula for training vision-language models in retinal image analysis
Authors: Holland Robbie , Taylor Thomas , Holmes Christopher , Riedl Sophie , Mai Julia , Patsiamanidi Maria , Mitsopoulou Dimitra , Hager Paul , Müller Philip , Scholl Hendrik , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Rueckert Daniel , Sivaprasad Sobha , Lotery Andrew , Menten Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Clinicians spend a significant amount of time reviewing medical images and transcribing their findings regarding patient diagnosis, referral and treatment in text form. Vision-language models (VLMs), which automatically interpret images and summarize their findings as text, have enormous potential to alleviate clinical workloads and increase patient access to high-quality medical care. While foundational models have stirred considerable interest in the medical community, it is unclear whether their general capabilities translate to real-world clinical utility. In this work, we show that foundation VLMs markedly underperform compared to practicing ophthalmologists on specialist tasks crucial to the care of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To address this, we initially identified the essential capabilities required for image-based clinical decision-making, and then developed a curriculum to selectively train VLMs in these skills. The resulting model, RetinaVLM, can be instructed to write reports that significantly outperform those written by leading foundation medical VLMs in disease staging (F1 score of 0.63 vs. 0.11) and patient referral (0.67 vs. 0.39), and approaches the diagnostic performance of junior ophthalmologists (who achieve 0.77 and 0.78 on the respective tasks). Furthermore, in a reader study involving two senior ophthalmologists with up to 32 years of experience, RetinaVLM's reports were found to be similarly correct (78.6% vs. 82.1%) and complete (both 78.6%) as reports written by junior ophthalmologists with up to 10 years of experience. These results demonstrate that our curriculum-based approach provides a blueprint for specializing generalist foundation medical VLMs to handle real-world clinical tasks.
Raw Sewage and Environmental Racism: Racial Disparities in Sewage Backup Risk In Syracuse, New York
Authors: Schewe Rebecca , Satterfield Dustin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Environmental racism places communities of color at higher risk of pollution in urban environments. Using data from public records in the highly segregated city of Syracuse, New York, we identify significant racial disparities related to reports of sewage backups. We use spatial analysis and multivariate regression to find evidence of greater risk of reported sewage backups in census tracts with higher proportions of minority, Black, and both Black residents and residents 65 years or older, distinct from poverty-related risks. Large hotspots of sewage backup risk exist in Syracuse’s predominantly Black census tracts. The concentration of environmental risk, in this case sewage backups, occurs in residential areas where Blacks are segregated. Residents of predominantly Black census tracts, especially those with greater numbers of both Black residents and senior citizens, experience disproportionate harm from infrastructure due to legacies of racial segregation and city planning choices.