bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and clinical features of social cognition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Lattanzi Guido Maria , Buzzanca Antonino , Frascarelli Marianna , Di Fabio Fabio 
Published: July 2018

Abstract22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) is widely known as one of the most compelling genetic models of schizophrenia so far, being almost 40% of the carriers affected by psychotic symptoms. Moreover, most of these subjects also show impairment in social cognition, which is a comprehensive array of function that guides social interaction with the others, leading as well to the acquisition of new cognitive and social skills. In the last decade researchers have argued whether social cognition dysfunctions could be underlined by specific genetic alterations, and whether these are linked to specific clinical features. Some valid candidate genes are RTN4R, that encodes a protein which inhibits axonal sprouting, DGCR8, crucial in mRNA processing, or catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) and proline oxydase 1 (PRODH), involved in catecholamine metabolism in frontal cortex. This is the first article to address the topic of social cognition in 22q11.2 DS from a wide perspective, with a highlight on its genetic characteristics. We will provide a narrative review of the most recent findings and we will point out new directions on this research path, in order to achieve an effective characterization of the neurobiological system underlying social behavior.
Assessment of chicken breast meat quality after freeze/thaw abuse using magnetic resonance imaging techniques
Authors: Frelka John C , Phinney David M , Yang Xiangyu , Knopp Michael V , Heldman Dennis R , Wick Macdonald P , Vodovotz Yael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFreezing/thawing meat can result in quality losses as a result of the formation, melting and reformation of ice. These changes in water state can result in alterations in texture, water holding and other key quality attributes. It was hypothesized that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could quantify changes in mobility and localization of water as a function of freezing/thawing, which could be correlated with quality measurements.RESULTSDrip loss increased significantly for unbrined samples by over 100% after each freeze/thaw cycle (1.5% to 3.3% to 5.3% drip loss). Brine uptake decreased 50% after 2 cycles (from 53% to 28% mass uptake). Drip loss for brined samples increased after 2 cycles; other attributes were not significantly affected. MRI showed brined samples had less change in both proton density and T2 distributions. High‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging showed greater change in T2 distributions.CONCLUSIONAs freeze/thaw damage increased, meat quality was reduced in both brined and unbrined chicken breasts, with more prominent changes in unbrined meat. These decreases in quality correlated with changes, albeit small, in water mobility and localization as measured by MRI. High‐field NMR micro‐imaging showed more dramatic changes in T2 distributions in unbrined samples. These MRI techniques are shown to be useful in the assessment of meat quality after freeze/thaw abuse. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
AlO sputtered self‐aligned source/drain formation technology for highly reliable oxide thin film transistor backplane
Authors: Hayashi Hiroshi , Murai Atsuhito , Miura Masanori , Imada Tatsuo , Terai Yasuhiro , Oshima Yoshihiro , Saitoh Tohru , Hiromasu Yasunobu , Arai Toshiaki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe have developed a novel fabrication process for self‐aligned top‐gate oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) that are suitable for high‐resolution and high‐speed driving in display applications. In the proposed process, the aluminum oxide (AlO) layer is sputtered onto a low‐resistance oxide semiconductor film using the top‐gate electrode as a mask to allow the low‐resistance oxide semiconductor region to be selectively maintained as a source/drain region. Because the AlO layer that is formed by the sputtering method offers high barrier performance against impurity diffusion, both high uniformity and high reliability of the oxide TFT are realized. In addition, the developed technology can easily be expanded to enable large substrate fabrication with high productivity. A 12‐in full high‐definition organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display that was driven by the proposed AlO‐barriered self‐aligned top‐gate TFT backplane was shown to provide a solution that was applicable to OLED displays. The technology developed in this work is useful for manufacturing of oxide TFT backplanes for OLED displays, which are required to have both high uniformity and high reliability.
Transport of dissolved black carbon from the Prydz Bay Shelf, Antarctica to the deep Southern Ocean
Authors: Fang Ziming , Yang Weifeng , Chen Min , Stubbins Aron , Ma Haoyang , Jia Renming , Li Qi , Chen Qianna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDissolved black carbon (DBC) is one of the largest pools of molecularly identifiable carbon in the ocean. In the deep ocean, DBC appears to persist for millennia, whereas it can be rapidly degraded by sunlight in surface waters. In Antarctica, the downward transport of dense shelf water (DSW) exports a massive volume of water to the deep Southern Ocean each year. If this sinking DSW is enriched in DBC, it may allow a route for DBC to escape degradation by sunlight in the surface ocean and become sequestered in the deep waters of the global ocean. To investigate this possibility, we quantified dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DBC, and ancillary properties in the waters of an Antarctic shelf sea (Prydz Bay) and adjacent waters. DBC concentrations in Prydz Bay DSW (1.2 ± 0.3 μmol L−1) were elevated compared to those in circumpolar deep water (0.49 ± 0.07 μmol L−1). The water column distribution of DBC in Prydz Bay suggested that sediments were the main source of DBC in DSW. A mixing model incorporating seawater oxygen isotopes (H2δ18O) indicated that Prydz Bay DSW transported DBC and DOC into the deep Southern Ocean. We estimate that the downward transport of DSW from Prydz Bay could contribute 4–9% (66–150 Gg yr−1) and 2–4% (3700–8500 Gg yr−1) to the DBC and DOC concentrations in Antarctic Bottom Water, respectively. Thus, the downward transport of DBC along the Antarctic shelf/slope is likely a significant source of DBC to the deep waters of the Southern and Global Ocean.
Disturbance, nutrients, and antecedent flow conditions affect macroinvertebrate community structure and productivity in an Arctic river
Authors: Kendrick Michael R. , Hershey Anne E. , Huryn Alexander D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClimate change is expected to alter disturbance regimes and biogeochemical cycles that underlie the structure and function of ecosystems worldwide. In the Arctic, rapid warming is already affecting these processes via changes in precipitation and thawing permafrost. We assessed how anticipated changes in disturbance regimes and nutrient availability may affect an arctic river ecosystem (Kuparuk River, Alaska) by analyzing temporal patterns of biofilm chlorophyll mass and macroinvertebrate community structure and productivity. Our study incorporated an upstream reach (sampled 2001–2012) and a downstream reach (sampled 2011–2012) to which phosphorus (P) was added to simulate increases in nutrient supply that are anticipated as permafrost thaws. Greater hydrologic disturbance during the open‐water season correlated with reduced algal biomass and invertebrate secondary production (range ∼ 2–7 g DM m−2 yr−1) in the following spring and summer. Bed disturbing flows also altered macroinvertebrate community structure with distinct “high‐flow” and “base‐flow” assemblages documented. Recovery time was shorter for chlorophyll mass and macroinvertebrate production (∼ 1 yr) than community structure (∼ 3 yr). Experimental P‐addition increased algal biomass and invertebrate production, but also resulted in a third macroinvertebrate assemblage dominated by mobile grazers rather than filter‐feeders. Our results suggest that a decrease in the return interval for bed disturbing floods to < 4 yr will result in persistent changes in macroinvertebrate community structure and fundamental alterations to the food web. These results also demonstrate how arctic river communities may be affected by increases in the magnitude and variability of river discharge and nutrient supplies that are anticipated as the climate warms.
The purification and tribological property of the synthetic magnesium silicate hydroxide modified by oleic acid
Authors: Gao Kai , Chang Qiuying , Wang Bin , Zhou Ningning , Qing Tao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractModified magnesium silicate hydroxide (MMSH) nanoparticles were synthesised hydrothermally using MgO and SiO2 as precursors and oleic acid as modification agent under alkaline condition. The tribological performances of MMSH as lubricant additives were studied. The X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra show that the synthetic MMSH nanoparticles contain no Mg (OH)2 impurity and belong to the serpentine group. The tribological tests indicate that both MMSH and magnesium silicate hydroxide (MSH) without modification by oleic acid as additives can improve the antiwear property of base oil significantly. Meanwhile, MMSH presents better antiwear property than MSH which attributes to the formation of a tribofilm containing iron oxides, silicon oxides, graphite, Fe3C, FeOOH, and also organic compounds.
Ingestion of an Inulin‐Enriched Pork Sausage Product Positively Modulates the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome of Healthy Rats
Authors: Thøgersen Rebekka , Castro‐Mejía Josué L. , Sundekilde Ulrik Kræmer , Hansen Lars H. , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Bertram Hanne Christine 
Published: July 2018

ScopeProcessed meat intake is associated with a potential increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. In contrast, dietary fiber consumption has been found to lower CRC risk, possibly via mechanisms involving the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites. This study investigates the effect of inulin enrichment of a common pork sausage product on GM composition and activity in healthy rats.Methods and resultsThirty Sprague‐Dawley rats are fed a diet based on either an inulin‐enriched sausage (n = 12), a corresponding control sausage without enrichment (n = 12), or a standard chow diet (n = 6) during a 4 week intervention. NMR‐based metabolomics analyses are conducted on fecal and plasma samples, and GM composition is determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Pronounced effects of diets on GM composition and activity are found. Rats fed the inulin‐enriched sausages have increased levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the fecal and plasma metabolome and increased fecal levels of Bifidobacterium spp. as compared to rats fed sausages without enrichment.ConclusionInulin enrichment of a meat product resembles general effects seen upon dietary fiber consumption and corroborates that healthier processed meats can be developed through strategic inclusion of dietary fiber ingredients.
The method of fundamental solution for 3‐D wave scattering in a fluid‐saturated poroelastic infinite domain
Authors: Liu Zhongxian , Wang Zhikun , Cheng Alexander H.D. , Liang Jianwen , Wang Chuchu 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBy using a complete set of poroelastodynamic spherical wave potentials (SWPs) representing a fast compressional wave PI, a slow compressional wave PII, and a shear wave S with 3 vectorial potentials (not all are independent), a solution scheme based on the method of fundamental solution (MFS) is devised to solve 3‐D wave scattering and dynamic stress concentration problems due to inhomogeneous inclusions and cavities embedded in an infinite poroelastic domain. The method is verified by comparing the result with the elastic analytical solution, which is a degenerated case, as well as with poroelastic solution obtained using other numerical methods. The accuracy and stability of the SWP‐MFS are also demonstrated. The displacement, hoop stress, and fluid pore pressure around spherical cavity and poroelastic inclusion with permeable and impermeable boundary are investigated for incident plane PI and SV waves. The scattering characteristics are examined for a range of material properties, such as porosity and shear modulus contrast, over a range of frequency. Compared with other boundary‐based numerical strategy, such as the boundary element method and the indirect boundary integral equation method, the current SWP‐MFS is a meshless method that does not need elements to approximate the geometry and is free from the treatment of singularities. The SWP‐MFS is a highly accurate and efficient solution methodology for wave scattering problems of arbitrary geometry, particularly when a part of the domain extends to infinity.
Reviewing Mechanistic Peptidomics in Body Fluids Focusing on Proteases
Authors: Magalhães Beatriz , Trindade Fábio , Barros António S. , Klein Julie , Amado Francisco , Ferreira Rita , Vitorino Rui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe comprehension of how protease networks sculpt proteomes might help to disclose the functional annotation of the peptidome in health and disease. Envisioning to add new insights on the protease networks involved in the regulation of body fluid peptidomes, the authors apply Proteasix software to predict the proteases involved in the generation of the naturally occurring peptides present in six of the most studied human body fluids. Peptidome data is collected from the databases and from experimental studies. The analysis highlights 132 putative proteases from four families with the predominance of serine proteases and metalloproteases. From these, 49 proteases seem to be common to all fluids and are mostly associated to extracellular matrix organization as well as protein/peptide hormone processing. Data analysis also emphasizes: i) the similarity between plasma and CSF protease profiles; ii) that saliva and tears share proteases involved in the generation of peptides with antimicrobial activity; iii) that urine is the body fluid with the highest number of unique putative proteases, precluding an easy tracing of proteolytic events in this case. Taken together, the analysis emphasizes the intricate modus operandi of proteases, challenged by the interconnected pathways and amplification cascades in which they are involved.
Next‐generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules for the ground and excited states of fulvene
Authors: Huang Wei Jie , Momen Roya , Azizi Alireza , Xu Tianlv , Kirk Steven R. , Filatov Michael , Jenkins Samantha 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA vector‐based representation of the chemical bond is introduced, which we refer to as the bond‐path framework set B = {p, q, r}, where p, q, and r represent 3 eigenvector‐following paths with corresponding lengths H*, H, and the familiar quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) bond‐path length (BPL). The intended application of B is for molecules subjected to various types of reactions and distortions, including photoisomerization reactions, applied torsions θ, or normal modes of vibration. The lengths H* and H of the eigenvector‐following paths are constructed using the
e

1 and
e

2 Hessian eigenvectors, respectively, along the bond path, these corresponding to the least and most preferred directions of charge density accumulation. In particular, the paths p and q provide a vector representation of the scalar QTAIM ellipticity ε. The bond‐path framework set B is applied to the excited state deactivation of fulvene that involves distortions along various intramolecular degrees of freedom, such as the bond stretching/compression of bond‐length alternation and bond torsion distortions. We find that the H* and H lengths can differentiate between the ground and excited electronic states, in contrast to the QTAIM BPL. Five unique paths were presented for B = {(p0,p1), (q0,q1), r} for the ground and first excited states where the profile of the scaling factor, the ellipticity ε, reveals a large unexpected asymmetry for the excited state.
Liquid extraction surface analysis nanospray electrospray ionization based lipidomics for in situ analysis of tumor cells with multidrug resistance
Authors: Zong Li , Pi Zifeng , Liu Shu , Xing Junpeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Fengrui 
Published: July 2018

RationaleMultidrug resistance (MDR) occurs frequently and is a major challenge in tumor treatment. The lipid composition in the cell membrane and the redox balance are closely associated with the development of MDR. Liquid extraction surface analysis in combination with mass spectrometry (LESA‐MS) has the characteristics of minimal sample preparation, rapid analysis, high sensitivity and high throughput, and has obtained wide applications.MethodsLESA‐MS was employed to in situ determine the lipids and other specific metabolites of intact MCF‐7/ADR cells (adriamycin‐resistant breast cancer cells) and its parental MCF‐7/S cells grown on a glass slide. In situ atomic force microscopy was used to observe the morphology of tumor cells before and after extraction. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the potential lipid biomarkers correlated with the MDR. Moreover, the cell membrane fluidity and potential were determined.ResultsThe changes in the level of the lipids were closely correlated with the multidrug resistance of MCF‐7/S cells. Moreover, lower cell membrane fluidity and higher cell membrane potential were observed and thus demonstrated the changes in the cell membrane induced by multidrug resistance. Also, the ratios of GSH/GSSG, ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP were significantly higher in MCF‐7/ADR cells relative to MCF‐7/S cells.ConclusionsLower cell membrane fluidity and higher cell membrane potential caused by the changes in lipid compositions, enhanced anti‐oxidative ability and energy generation were involved in the development of the MDR. The specific alterations identified in this study may provide more information for overcoming MDR.
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generate Light Responsive Retinal Organoids with Variable and Nutrient-Dependent Efficiency
Authors: Hallam Dean , Hilgen Gerrit , Dorgau Birthe , Zhu Lili , Yu Min , Bojic Sanja , Hewitt Philip , Schmitt Michael , Uteng Marianne , Kustermann Stefan , Steel David , Nicholds Mike , Thomas Robert , Treumann Achim , Porter Andrew , Sernagor Evelyne , Armstrong Lyle , Lako Majlinda 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe availability of in vitro models of the human retina in which to perform pharmacological and toxicological studies is an urgent and unmet need. An essential step for developing in vitro models of human retina is the ability to generate laminated, physiologically functional, and light-responsive retinal organoids from renewable and patient specific sources. We investigated five different human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and showed a significant variability in their efficiency to generate retinal organoids. Despite this variability, by month 5 of differentiation, all iPSC-derived retinal organoids were able to generate light responses, albeit immature, comparable to the earliest light responses recorded from the neonatal mouse retina, close to the period of eye opening. All iPSC-derived retinal organoids exhibited at this time a well-formed outer nuclear like layer containing photoreceptors with inner segments, connecting cilium, and outer like segments. The differentiation process was highly dependent on seeding cell density and nutrient availability determined by factorial experimental design. We adopted the differentiation protocol to a multiwell plate format, which enhanced generation of retinal organoids with retinal-pigmented epithelium (RPE) and improved ganglion cell development and the response to physiological stimuli. We tested the response of iPSC-derived retinal organoids to Moxifloxacin and showed that similarly to in vivo adult mouse retina, the primary affected cell types were photoreceptors. Together our data indicate that light responsive retinal organoids derived from carefully selected and differentiation efficient iPSC lines can be generated at the scale needed for pharmacology and drug screening purposes.
Vitamin C Promotes Astrocyte Differentiation Through DNA Hydroxymethylation
Authors: Kim Jong-Hwan , Kim Mirang , He Xi-Biao , Wulansari Noviana , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Bae Dong-Hyuck , Huh Nanhyung , Kim Yong Sung , Lee Sang-Hun , Kim Seon-Young 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Previous studies have reported that vitamin C (VC) promotes neural stem/precursor cell (NSC) differentiation toward dopamine (DA) neurons via DNA hydroxymethylation-induced transcriptional activation of DA neuron-specific genes. To further understand the VC effects on NSC differentiation, we profiled the transcriptome and DNA methylome/hydroxymethylome using high-throughput sequencing. Interestingly, RNA sequencing analyses have shown that, in addition to DA neuronal genes, astrocytic genes Gfap, Slc1a3, and S100a16 were also upregulated in NSC cultures differentiated with VC treatment. Consistently, enhanced GFAP+ astrocytic yields were manifested in the differentiated cultures with VC treatment, collectively indicating that VC promotes astrocytic differentiation. In genome-wide hydroxymethylome analyses, VC treatment induces enrichment of DNA hydroxymethylation (5-hydroxymethyl cytosine; 5hmC) near the consensus binding motifs of nuclear factor I (NFI). Furthermore, we showed that VC significantly enhanced recruitment of NFI and STAT3, key transcription factors for astrogenesis, in the 5hmC-enriched regions of the astrocyte-specific genes. These findings suggest that VC play important roles in astrocytogenesis during brain development.
Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease Are Associated With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Li Qiongqiong , Wang Cheng , Tang Huidong , Chen Shengdi , Ma Jianfang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground: The relationship between vascular disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is controversial. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the association of two common vascular diseases (stroke and coronary artery disease [CAD]) with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: We identified 63 and 62 PD cases in two population-based cohorts (Malu rural community and Wuliqiao urban community) and collected information of PD and non-PD by means of questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke, coronary artery disease and PD, after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking status, alcohol consumption, tea consumption and body mass index. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that CAD and stroke were associated with PD in the Malu rural community (CAD: odds ratio [OR]=7.11, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.09-16.40, p<0.001; stroke: OR=6.77, 95% CI: 3.09-14.81, p<0.001) and stroke was associated with PD in the Wuliqiao urban community (OR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.36-4.89, p=0.004), especially in women. In a subgroup analysis of PD with age- and sex-matched controls, the results were similar in the Malu rural community (CAD: OR=12.72, 95% CI: 2.92-55.32, p=0.001; stroke: OR=6.26, 95% CI: 1.83-21.42, p=0.003), whereas in the Wuliqiao urban community the results were different in that CAD (but not stroke) was found to be associated with PD (CAD: OR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.09-5.47, p=0.03; stroke: OR=1.79, 95% CI: 0.77-4.17, p=0.18). Conclusions: Our study suggested that stroke and CAD are associated with PD in two Chinese population-based cohorts, indicating a probable vascular component in the pathogenesis of PD.