bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Powder mixed electric discharge machining of high-speed steel T1 grade
Authors: Singh Kanwal Jit 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to represent the innovative process of powder-mixed electrical discharge machining of high-speed steel T1 grade and to conduct experimental investigation to optimize the machining parameters associated with multiple performance characteristics using grey relational analysis. The machining of high-speed steel T1 grade via conventional machining is a difficult process. However, it can be easily machined by powder-mixed electric discharge machining.

Design/methodology/approach
Carefully selected machining parameters give the optimum output results. For experimentation, the following input parameters have been used: pulse on-time, discharge current, tool material and powder concentration. The effects of input parameters, namely, material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR), have been investigated in this research.

Findings
Grey relational analysis and analysis of variance have been performed to optimize the input parameters for better output response. Optimized results show increment of TWR, MRR and SR, which is 63.24, 52.18 and 42.49 per cent, respectively.

Originality/value
This research paper will be beneficial for the industrial application. The GRA result gives the better output response.
Advanced age promotes colonic dysfunction and gut‐derived lung infection after stroke
Authors: Wen Shu Wen , Shim Raymond , Ho Luke , Wanrooy Brooke J. , Srikhanta Yogitha N. , Prame Kumar Kathryn , Nicholls Alyce J. , Shen SJ. , Sepehrizadeh Tara , de Veer Michael , Srikanth Velandai K. , Ma Henry , Phan Thanh G. , Lyras Dena , Wong Connie H. Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBacterial infection a leading cause of death among patients with stroke, with elderly patients often presenting with more debilitating outcomes. The findings from our retrospective study, supported by previous clinical reports, showed that increasing age is an early predictor for developing fatal infectious complications after stroke. However, exactly how and why older individuals are more susceptible to infection after stroke remains unclear. Using a mouse model of transient ischaemic stroke, we demonstrate that older mice (>12 months) present with greater spontaneous bacterial lung infections compared to their younger counterparts (7–10 weeks) after stroke. Importantly, we provide evidence that older poststroke mice exhibited elevated intestinal inflammation and disruption in gut barriers critical in maintaining colonic integrity following stroke, including reduced expression of mucin and tight junction proteins. In addition, our data support the notion that the localized pro‐inflammatory microenvironment driven by increased tumour necrosis factor‐α production in the colon of older mice facilitates the translocation and dissemination of orally inoculated bacteria to the lung following stroke onset. Therefore, findings of this study demonstrate that exacerbated dysfunction of the intestinal barrier in advanced age promotes translocation of gut‐derived bacteria and contributes to the increased risk to poststroke bacterial infection.
Plusoptix photoscreener use for paediatric vision screening in Flanders and Iran
Authors: Rostamzad Parinaz , Horwood Anna M. , Schalij‐Delfos Nicoline E. , Boelaert Kristel , de Koning Harry J. , Simonsz Huibert J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposePhotoscreening assesses risk factors for amblyopia, as an alternative to measurement of visual acuity (VA) to detect amblyopia, on the premise that its early correction could prevent development of amblyopia. We studied implementations of Plusoptix photoscreening in existing population‐based screening in Flanders and Iran.MethodsIn Flanders, VA is measured at age 3, 4 and 6, photoscreening was added to existing screening at age 1 and 2.5 years in 2013. In Iran, VA is measured at ages 3–6 years, photoscreening was added at ages 3–6 years between 2011 and 2016. Plusoptix use was analysed in the literature for detection of risk factors for amblyopia and amblyopia itself, for ages 0–3 and for 4–6. A questionnaire, containing seven domains: existing vision screening, addition of photoscreening, implementation in screening program, training, attendance, diagnosis and treatment, and costs was distributed. In Iran, screening procedures were observed on site.ResultsImplementation of Plusoptix photoscreening was mainly analysed from questionnaires and interviews, its effectiveness from literature data. In Flanders, of 56 759 children photoscreened at age one (81% of children born in 2013), 9.2% had been referred, 13% of these were treated, mostly with glasses, resulting in an increase of 4‐year‐old children wearing glasses from 4.7% to 6.4%. In Iran, 90% of children aged 3–6 years participated in vision screening in 2016, but only those who failed the vision test were subjected to photoscreening.ConclusionsIn Flanders, the use of Plusoptix photoscreening at ages 1 and 2.5 resulted in an increase of children wearing glasses, but it remains unknown how many cases of amblyopia have been prevented. Studies are needed to determine the relation between size and sort of refractive error and strabismus, and the increased chance to develop amblyopia.
Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of trabecular meshwork gene expression data to unravel the molecular pathogenesis of primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Liesenborghs Ilona , Eijssen Lars M. T. , Kutmon Martina , Gorgels Theo G. M. F. , Evelo Chris T. , Beckers Henny J. M. , Webers Carroll A. B. , Schouten Johannes S. A. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposePerforming bioinformatics analyses using trabecular meshwork (TM) gene expression data in order to further elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG), and to identify candidate target genes.MethodsA systematic search in Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress was conducted, and quality control and preprocessing of the data was performed with ArrayAnalysis.org. Molecular pathway overrepresentation analysis was performed with PathVisio using pathway content from three pathway databases: WikiPathways, KEGG and Reactome. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed on the gene expression data. The significantly changed pathways were clustered into functional categories which were combined into a network of connected genes.ResultsNinety‐two significantly changed pathways were clustered into five functional categories: extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation, complement activation, senescence and Rho GTPase signalling. ECM included pathways involved in collagen, actin and cell–matrix interactions. Inflammation included pathways entailing NF‐κB and arachidonic acid. The network analysis showed that several genes overlap between the inflammation cluster on the one hand, and the ECM, complement activation and senescence clusters on the other hand. GO analysis, identified additional clusters, related to development and corticosteroids.ConclusionThis study provides an overview of the processes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of POAG in the TM. The results show good face validity and confirm findings from histological, biochemical, genome‐wide association and transcriptomics studies. The identification of known points of action for drugs, such as Rho GTPase, arachidonic acid, NF‐κB, prostaglandins and corticosteroid clusters, supports the value of this approach to identify potential drug targets.
Foster homes for neglected children with severe obesity—Debated but rarely studied
Authors: Regber Susann , Jormfeldt Henrika 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo explore current research and theoretical articles on foster home placement of children with severe obesity.MethodsAn integrative literature review. Literature searches in six electronic databases included theoretical, quantitative and qualitative articles and case reports published in English (2008‐2018) on the topic of severe childhood obesity and foster home placement.ResultsSeventeen selected papers included six theoretical articles, nine quantitative studies, one qualitative study and one case report. Eight of the nine quantitative studies did not specify the grading of obesity in children in foster care. The case report and the qualitative study showed distinct and sustainable body mass index (BMI) reductions after a child had been placed in foster care. Five theoretical articles justified foster care placement when chronic parental neglect led to severe obesity in the child, while one article emphasised the opposite.ConclusionParental and societal neglect of children with severe obesity placed in a foster home is rarely studied or the exclusive aim of research. The views of the children themselves are lacking in research articles, as well as the child’s right to health obligations concerning children with severe obesity.
Neuropeptide Y Gene × Environment Interaction Predicts Resilience and Positive Future Focus
Authors: Gan Yiqun , Chen Yidi , Han Xiao , Yu Nancy Xiaonan , Wang Li 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate whether the NPY rs16147 polymorphism interacts with the environment to have an impact on resilience and positive future focus.MethodsIn Study 1, 1,140 earthquake survivors were evaluated; self‐reported trauma exposure level and resilience were reported. Study 2 included 2,370 company employees and university students; information regarding self‐reported early stressful life events and positive future focus were obtained.ResultsIn both studies, the results showed a significant effect of interaction between the NPY rs16147 polymorphism and the level of stress on resilience. In Study 1, the T allele carriers reported consistent levels of resilience in low, moderate, and high levels of trauma exposure. In Study 2, the T genotype was associated with higher levels of positive future focus following early adversity.ConclusionsOur findings are discussed in light of the differential post‐stress growth hypothesis.
Effects of electrical stimulation and pre‐rigor conditioning temperature on aging potential of hot‐boned beef M. longissimus lumborum
Authors: Balan Prabhu , Farouk Mustafa M. , Stuart Adam D. , Kemp Robert , Staincliffe Maryaan , Craige Cameron , Kim Yuan H. B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to create various pH/temp decline rates in hot‐boned bull beef M. longissimus lumborum (LL) through a combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and pre‐rigor holding temperature. The relationship between the pre‐rigor interventions, the activities of µ‐calpain and small heat shock proteins (sHSP), and the impacts on meat product quality were determined. Paired LL loins from 13 bulls were hot‐boned within 40 min of slaughter, immediately ES and subjected to various holding temperatures (5, 15, 25, and 35°C) for 3 hr. The rate of muscle pH decline, sarcomere length, shear force, and proteolysis of muscle proteins were measured. ES‐25°C had a longer sarcomere length compared to non‐electrical stimulation samples. ES‐25°C and ES‐35°C samples had lower shear force values, higher µ‐calpain activity and higher desmin, troponin‐T, and sHSP degradation. The above findings suggest that pH/temp decline rates created in hot‐boned muscle impacted muscle protein proteolysis by increasing the activity of proteases and degradation of sHSP.
Influences of fermentation and ripening temperatures on the enzymatic activity and physicochemical and sensory properties of salted egg white sufu
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chao , Wang Wei‐Ting , Chen Wen‐Shyan , Tan Fa‐Jui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study developed a novel form of sufu. Salted egg white sufu (SEWS) was produced by fermenting steamed salted egg white with douchi koji and ripening at 25°C, 35°C, or 45°C for 19 days. The results show that the protease activity of the koji reduced pronouncedly during fermentation, whereas the one in the SEWS initially increased but subsequently decreased. The total nitrogen and amino nitrogen contents and degree of protein hydrolysis increased during fermentation and decreased during preripening. SEWS, particularly processed at 35°C, contained more free amino acids, notably glutamic acid and leucine, than steamed salted egg white did. After processing, SEWS had darker colors, particularly when manufactured at higher temperatures, and hardness and springiness decreased. The 35°C and 45°C SEWS had higher sensory acceptability. In conclusion, ripening at 35°C for 19 days is recommended for producing this novel animal protein‐based sufu.
Association between contact sports participation and chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bieniek Kevin F. , Blessing Melissa M. , Heckman Michael G. , Diehl Nancy N. , Serie Amanda M. , Paolini Michael A. , Boeve Bradley F. , Savica Rodolfo , Reichard R. Ross , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChronic traumatic encephalopathy is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder associated with repetitive traumatic brain injuries often sustained through prior contact sport participation. The frequency of this disorder in a diverse population, including amateur athletes, is unknown. Primary historical obituary and yearbook records were queried for 2566 autopsy cases in the Mayo Clinic Tissue Registry resulting in identification of 300 former athletes and 450 non‐athletes. In these cases, neocortical tissue was screened for tau pathology with immunohistochemistry, including pathology consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy, blinded to exposure or demographic information. Using research infrastructure of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, a comprehensive and established medical records‐linkage system of care providers in southern Minnesota and western Wisconsin, medical diagnostic billing codes pertaining to head trauma, dementia, movement disorders, substance abuse disorders and psychiatric disorders were recorded for cases and controls in a blinded manner. A total of 42 individuals had pathology consistent with, or features of, chronic traumatic encephalopathy. It was more frequent in athletes compared to non‐athletes (27 cases versus 15 cases) and was largely observed in men (except for one woman). For contact sports, American football had the highest frequency of chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology (15% of cases) and an odds ratio of 2.62 (P‐value = 0.005). Cases with chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology had higher frequencies of antemortem clinical features of dementia, psychosis, movement disorders and alcohol abuse compared to cases without chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology. Understanding the frequency of chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology in a large autopsy cohort with diverse exposure backgrounds provides a baseline for future prospective studies assessing the epidemiology and public health impact of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and sports‐related repetitive head trauma.
Federalism and university governance in Canada
Authors: Eastman Julia , Jones Glen A. , Bégin‐Caouette Olivier , Noumi Christian , Trottier Claude 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is increasing interest in how universities are governed, externally and internally (Austin and Jones 2016). Drawing on a comparative case study of the governance of six major Canadian universities and the literature, this article describes the impact of federal research and innovation policy and programs on universities and reflects on Ottawa's role. We suggest that the federal government participates in the external governance of universities, but in a way that differs significantly from provincial governments. Canadian federalism appears to be generally beneficial for university autonomy and examination of its operation sheds light on factors that enable universities to sustain their autonomy.
Comment faire «worker out»la délibération publique dans un contexte de rapports linguistiques complexes: spécificités des instruments délibératifs au Nouveau‐Brunswick
Authors: Paulin Christine C. 
Published: June 2019

SommaireCette recherche met l’accent sur la dimension des rapports linguistiques complexes (comme au Nouveau‐Brunswick, seule province officiellement bilingue au Canada) et souligne les conditions d’optimisation associées à l’ingénierie des instruments délibératifs, à leur mise en œuvre et aux processus décisionnels qui en découlent. Pour ce faire, notre regard s’est principalement posé sur les éléments qui freinent l’efficacité de ces dispositifs, notamment en termes d’élaboration des politiques publiques. Deux dimensions ou conditions de succès ressortent de notre analyse : 1) la dimension substantive qui se rapporte au rôle de bilinguisation de l’instrument et 2) la dimension processuelle qui s’intéresse à la question de la saisine – le rôle de l’instigateur et du porteur de l’instrument.
Novel strategy of ovarian cancer implantation: Pre‐invasive growth of fibrin‐anchored cells with neovascularization
Authors: Matsuoka Ayumi , Mizumoto Yasunari , Ono Masanori , Kagami Kyosuke , Obata Takeshi , Terakawa Junpei , Maida Yoshiko , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Daikoku Takiko , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough direct adhesion of cancer cells to the mesothelial cell layer is considered to be a key step for peritoneal invasion of ovarian cancer cell masses (OCM), we recently identified a different strategy for the peritoneal invasion of OCM. In 6 out of 20 cases of ovarian carcinoma, extraperitoneal growth of the OCM was observed along with the neovascularization of feeding vessels, which connect the intraperitoneal host stroma and extraperitoneal lesions through the intact mesothelial cell layer. As an early step, the OCMs anchor in the extraperitoneal fibrin networks and then induce the migration of CD34‐positive and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)‐positive endothelial cells, constructing extraperitoneal vascular networks around the OCM. During the extraperitoneal growth of OCM, podoplanin‐positive and α smooth muscle actin (αSMA)‐positive cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF) appears. In more advanced lesions, the boundary line of mesothelial cells disappears around the insertion areas of feeding vessels and then extraperitoneal and intraperitoneal stroma are integrated, enabling the OCM to invade the host stroma, being associated with CAF. In addition, tissue factors (TF) are strongly detected around these peritoneal implantation sites and their levels in ascites were higher than that in blood. These findings demonstrate the presence of neovascularization around fibrin net‐anchored OCMs on the outer side of the intact peritoneal surface, suggesting a novel strategy for peritoneal invasion of ovarian cancer and TF‐targeted intraperitoneal anti‐cancer treatment. We observed and propose a novel strategy for peritoneal implantation of ovarian cancer. The strategy includes the preinvasive growth of fibrin‐anchored cancer cells along with neovascularization on the outer side of the intact peritoneal surface.
Empirical study on multiclass classification‐based network intrusion detection
Authors: Elmasry Wisam , Akbulut Akhan , Zaim Abdul Halim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEarly and effective network intrusion detection is deemed to be a critical basis for cybersecurity domain. In the past decade, although a significant amount of work has focused on network intrusion detection, it is still a challenge to establish an intrusion detection system with a high detection rate and a relatively low false alarm rate. In this paper, we have performed a comprehensive empirical study on network intrusion detection as a multiclass classification task, not just to detect a suspicious connection but also to assign the correct type as well. To surpass the previous studies, we have utilized four deep learning models, namely, deep neural networks, long short‐term memory recurrent neural networks, gated recurrent unit recurrent neural networks, and deep belief networks. Our approach relies on the pretraining of the models by exploiting a particle swarm optimization–based algorithm for their hyperparameters selection. In order to investigate the performance differences, we also included two well‐known shallow learning methods, namely, decision forest and decision jungle. Furthermore, we used in our experiments four datasets, which are dedicated to intrusion detection systems to explore various environments. These datasets are KDD CUP 99, NSL‐KDD, CIDDS, and CICIDS2017. Moreover, 22 evaluation metrics are used to assess the model's performance in each of the datasets. Finally, intensive quantitative, Friedman test, and ranking methods analyses of our results are provided at the end of this paper. The results show a significant improvement in the detection of network attacks with our recommended approach.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akturk H. K. , Kahramangil D. , Sarwal A. , Hoffecker L. , Murad M. H. , Michels A. W. 
Published: June 2019

AimTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to understand the timing and factors associated with anti‐programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1)/anti‐programmed cell death protein‐1 ligand (PD‐L1) inhibitor‐induced Type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Cochrane databases (August 2000–2018) for studies of any design on immune checkpoint inhibitors. A total of 71 cases were reviewed from 56 publications. Comparisons were made using Fisher's exact and Student's t‐tests.ResultsThe mean ± sd age at Type 1 diabetes presentation was 61.7±12.2 years, 55% of cases were in men, and melanoma (53.5%) was the most frequent cancer. The median time to Type 1 diabetes onset was 49 (5–448) days with ketoacidosis in 76% of cases. The average ± sd HbA1c concentration was 62 ± 0.3 mmol/mol (7.84±1.0%) at presentation. All cases had insulin deficiency and required permanent exogenous insulin treatment. Half of the cases had Type 1 diabetes‐associated antibodies at presentation, and those with antibodies had a more rapid onset (P=0.005) and higher incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (P=0.02) compared to people without antibodies.ConclusionsMany people developed Type 1 diabetes within 3 months of initial PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor exposure. People presenting with Type 1 diabetes‐associated antibodies had a more rapid onset and higher incidence of ketoacidosis than those without antibodies. Healthcare providers caring for people receiving these state‐of‐the‐art therapies need to be aware of this potential severe adverse event.