bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mere Metaphysics: An Ecumenical Proposal
Authors: Betz John R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis is the second part of an essay that appeared in Modern Theology in October, 2018, entitled “After Heidegger and Marion: The Task of Christian Metaphysics Today.” Whereas the first part made a case for the importance of metaphysics to Christian theology (specifically in the form of an analogical, proto‐Christological metaphysics), and hinted at its ecumenical potential, the point here is twofold: first, to provide a more detailed argument for analogical metaphysics as the kind of metaphysics Christianity in fact implies; secondly, to elaborate its ecumenical potential – now, though, more specifically, with regard to the Christian East. Whereas the previous essay sought to overcome while respecting the difference between Catholic analogy and Reformed dialectics by arguing for a dialectical analogy as the proper form of Christian metaphysics, here the specific task is to show a formal compatibility between the analogical metaphysics of the Christian West and the sophiological metaphysics of the Christian East. Accordingly, the goal is to show that there is such a thing as a mere metaphysics – a common metaphysics – of the Christian tradition, notwithstanding real differences and mutually enriching emphases.
Sympathetic activity in obesity: a brief review of methods and supportive data
Authors: Lambert Gavin W. , Schlaich Markus P. , Eikelis Nina , Lambert Elisabeth A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe increase in the prevalence of obesity and the concomitant rise in obesity‐related illness have led to substantial pressure on health care systems throughout the world. While the combination of reduced exercise, increased sedentary time, poor diet, and genetic predisposition is undoubtedly pivotal in generating obesity and increasing disease risk, a large body of work indicates that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contributes to obesity‐related disease development and progression. In obesity, sympathetic nervous activity is regionalized, with activity in some outflows being particularly sensitive to the obese state, whereas other outflows, or responses to stimuli, may be blunted, thereby making the assessment of sympathetic nervous activation in the clinical setting difficult. Isotope dilution methods and direct nerve recording techniques have been developed and utilized in clinical research, demonstrating that in obesity there is preferential activation of the muscle vasoconstrictor and renal sympathetic outflows. With weight loss, sympathetic activity is reduced. Importantly, sympathetic nervous activity is associated with end‐organ dysfunction and changes in sympathetic activation that accompany weight loss are often reflected in an improvement of end‐organ function. Whether targeting the SNS directly improves obesity‐related illness remains unknown, but merits further attention.
Vagal mechanisms as neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of metabolic disease
Authors: Berthoud Hans‐Rudolf , Neuhuber Winfried L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith few effective treatments available, the global rise of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease, seems unstoppable. Likely caused by an obesogenic environment interacting with genetic susceptibility, the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases is highly complex and involves crosstalk between many organs and systems, including the brain. The vagus nerve is in a key position to bidirectionally link several peripheral metabolic organs with the brain and is increasingly targeted for neuromodulation therapy to treat metabolic disease. Here, we review the basics of vagal functional anatomy and its implications for vagal neuromodulation therapies. We find that most existing vagal neuromodulation techniques either ignore or misinterpret the rich functional specificity of both vagal efferents and afferents as demonstrated by a large body of literature. This lack of specificity of manipulating vagal fibers is likely the reason for the relatively poor beneficial long‐term effects of such therapies. For these therapies to become more effective, rigorous validation of all physiological endpoints and optimization of stimulation parameters as well as electrode placements will be necessary. However, given the large number of function‐specific fibers in any vagal branch, genetically guided neuromodulation techniques are more likely to succeed.
Preoperative metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury after open laparotomy in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Yum Sook Kyung , Seo Yu Mi , Youn Young‐Ah , Sung In Kyung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated potential risk factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in infants undergoing bedside open laparotomy in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and analyzed the association between postoperative AKI and outcomes.MethodsRetrospective data, including neonatal characteristics, perioperative findings (i.e. vital signs and fluid status), postoperative AKI incidence, and postoperative mortality rate of infants who underwent bedside open laparotomy in the NICU between May 2013 and May 2018 were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 53 cases (26 in AKI group vs 27 in non‐AKI group) were analyzed. On univariable analysis, transfusion, pre‐ and postoperative blood gas analysis and number of inotropic agents, cumulative postoperative percentage fluid overload (48 h), and preoperative hourly urine output were associated with the development of postoperative AKI. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, preoperative acidosis (pH <7.15 or base deficit >10; P = 0.002; OR, 11.067; 95%CI: 2.499–49.017) and preoperative urine output (P = 0.035; OR, 0.548; 95%CI: 0.314–0.959) were significant factors associated with postoperative AKI. Postoperative mortality rate 30 days after surgery was higher in the AKI group, but the difference was not significant.ConclusionsPreoperative metabolic acidosis and urine output are important factors potentially associated with the development of postoperative AKI in neonates undergoing bedside open laparotomy. Strategies such as alkali therapy, which protect the kidney from further injury, should be validated in future studies. A decreasing urine output may suggest deteriorating kidney function prior to surgery, potentially amplifying the risk of postoperative AKI.
Leveling the core competencies of public health nursing to evaluate senior baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: Larsen Rachelle , Reif LuAnn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study assessed a revised instrument based on the tier one Core Competencies for Public Health Nurses. Following instrument revision, the self‐reported competence of prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students was examined.Design and SampleIn this descriptive study, 102 senior, prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students completed a revised Core Competencies instrument prior to and immediately following completion of public health nursing courses. Parametric statistics were used to determine if there were significant differences in pre‐ and postcourse domain scores and the impact of selected demographic variables on postcourse domain scores.ResultsPilot testing confirmed the reliability and validity of the revised instrument. A paired t test determined postcourse domain scores were significantly higher than precourse domain scores. Overall, students rated themselves as competent in all domains, with the lowest ratings of competence in policy development/program planning. Likelihood of choosing a future career in public health was significantly higher for students in traditional public health clinical settings.ConclusionThe revised tier one Core Competency instrument provided information related to students’ self‐reported competence in public health nursing competencies. These findings provide valuable insight for development and revision of public health nursing courses ensuring a nursing workforce competent in the provision of population health.
Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi causes intestinal changes B‐1 cells dependent
Authors: Souza Karine Delgado , Fernandes Ellenn Pollyanna Alexandre , dos Santos Amanda Gubert Alves , de Lima Lainy Leiny , Gonzaga Wagner Francisco Kennerly Marcondes , Xander Patricia , Nogueira‐Melo Gessilda de Alcantara , Sant'Ana Débora de Mello Gonçales 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvaluating the histopathological and morphometric changes caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection either in the presence or absence of B‐1 cells. Wild‐type Balb/c and XID mice were used. Half of XID mice received B‐1 cells adoptive transfer (XID + B1). Five animals from each group were infected (Balb/c I, XID I and XID + B1 I), totalizing six groups (n = 5). After 45 days of infection, the ileum was collected for histological processing and analysis. After infection, the XID animals showed an increase in the thickness of the intestinal layers, in the depth and width of the crypt and in the villi width. However, the Balb/c I group showed a reduction in almost all these parameters, whereas the villi width was increased. The villi height decreased in the infected XID animals; however, it was increased in the XID + B1 I group. Leishmania (L) infantum chagasiinfection caused a decrease in the number of Paneth cells; however, their area was increased. Finally, goblet cells and enterocytes presented different change profiles among groups. This study showed that the parasite infection causes structural and histopathological alterations in the intestine. These changes might be influenced by the absence of B‐1 cells.
Grafting induces flowering time and tuber formation changes in Brassica species involving FT signalling
Authors: Zheng Y. , Luo L. , Gao Z. , Liu Y. , Chen Q. , Kong X. , Yang Y. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Brassica species are widely cultivated and important biennial and annual crops. The transition from vegetative to reproductive development in Brassica species is critical in agriculture and horticulture. Grafting is a useful tool for improving agricultural production and investigating the movement of long‐range signals.

Here we established a hypocotyl micrografting system in B. rapa crops and successfully grafted the rootstock of turnip onto many different scion genotypes. Grafting with turnip rootstock prolonged vegetative growth, delayed flowering and improved seed yield in rapeseed.

The late‐flowering turnip rootstock could delay flowering of the scion of the early‐flowering turnip accession. The BrrFLC1 (FLOWERING LOCUS C1 in B. rapa) transcript levels and H3K4me3 levels at the BrrFLC1 locus were up‐regulated and subsequently suppressed the downstream FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) signals in leaves of the scion to delay flowering. Vernalization treatment can efficiently promote flowering time in turnip. The non‐vernalised turnip flowered early after grafting onto the rootstock of the vernalised turnip, which was accompanied by high levels of FT homologue expression in leaves of the scion. Hypocotyl excision experiments revealed that the process of tuber formation was suppressed by removing the hypocotyl tissue, which in turn repressed the expression of tuberization‐related genes.

Our findings suggest that the rootstock generates mobile signals that are transported from the rootstock to the scion to fine‐tune FT signalling and modulate flowering time.
Responses of the kelp Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) to the warming Arctic: from physiology to transcriptomics
Authors: Li Huiru , Monteiro Cátia , Heinrich Sandra , Bartsch Inka , Valentin Klaus , Harms Lars , Glöckner Gernot , Corre Erwan , Bischof Kai 
Published: July 2019

The Arctic region is currently facing substantial environmental changes due to global warming. Melting glaciers cause reduced salinity environments in coastal Arctic habitats, which may be stressful for kelp beds. To investigate the responses of the kelp Saccharina latissima to the warming Arctic, we studied the transcriptomic changes of S. latissima from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) over a 24‐hour exposure to two salinities (Absolute Salinity [SA] 20 and 30) after a 7‐day pre‐acclimation at three temperatures (0, 8 and 15°C). In addition, corresponding physiological data were assessed during an 11‐days salinity/temperature experiment. Growth and maximal quantum yield for photosystem II fluorescence were positively affected by increased temperature during acclimation, whereas hyposalinity caused negative effects at the last day of treatment. In contrast, hyposalinity induced marked changes on the transcriptomic level. Compared to the control (8°C – SA 30), the 8°C – SA 20 exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by the 0°C – SA 20. Comparisons indicate that S. latissima tends to convert its energy from primary metabolism (e.g. photosynthesis) to antioxidant activity under hyposaline stress. The increase in physiological performance at 15°C shows that S. latissima in the Arctic region can adjust and might even benefit from increased temperatures. However, in Arctic fjord environments its performance might become impaired by decreased salinity as a result of ice melting.
Gametes from stem cells: Status and applications in animal reproduction
Authors: Goszczynski Daniel E. , Denicol Anna C. , Ross Pablo J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn vitro gamete differentiation could revolutionize animal production by decreasing generation intervals, increasing the number of gametes per animal and facilitating the dissemination of elite genetics. In addition, it could help to develop new strategies for the conservation of endangered species. The recent in vitro reconstitution of germ cell development in mice has inspired researchers to invest their best efforts into reproducing this achievement in livestock species. With this goal in mind, multiple differentiation approaches and cell sources have been evaluated. The degree of success in these evaluations varies according to the species and the stage of development studied, but, in general, partially positive results have been obtained. Evidence suggests that although functional gametes with true reproductive potential are still to be obtained, it is a matter of time before this goal is achieved.
Building popular legitimacy with reconciliatory gestures and participation: A community‐level model of authority
Authors: O'Brien Thomas C. , Tyler Tom R. , Meares Tracey L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe research tests a model of reconciliation between authorities and communities. It expands past models of legitimacy to an intergroup dynamic model by identifying two community‐level actions that legal authorities can undertake to build their popular legitimacy and promote cooperation. One type of action is a community‐level reconciliatory gesture: an initiative that authorities make to communities to build trust by recognizing and trying to move beyond prior negative experiences. A second involves community‐level opportunities for participating in decisions about how to manage social order. The results of this study with residents from a large metropolitan city suggest that both types of community‐level gestures can make distinct contributions to building trust in and cooperation with the police.
Cyber insurance and private governance: The enforcement power of markets
Authors: Herr Trey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the last half decade, cyber insurance has emerged as a multi‐billion‐dollar industry with the authority to set and enforce standards of security behavior. Although cybersecurity has become a concern of national policymakers, insurers appear to have supplanted the state to play an influential role in governing some aspects of client behavior. This paper explores private governance by cyber insurance firms and evaluates two competing explanations for its emergence – either that the private sector advanced to set and enforce cybersecurity standards for financial gain, or that the state retreated from its responsibility to regulate and private sector actors filled the gap only as necessary. To find an answer between these explanations, this article develops a single outcome case study of the American cyber insurance industry. Following a theoretical introduction to private governance and its manifestation through insurance, the article examines the insurance process and its application in cybersecurity, the key role of standards, and the mechanism of enforcing those standards. The article concludes by identifying key elements of this market‐based enforcement and discussing implications for crafting effective private governance in other domains and public policy.
Faecal microbial dysbiosis in children with Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Ying ying , Tang Xuemei , Zhao Xiaodong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWiskott‐Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X‐linked primary immunodeficiency disease caused by a mutation in the WAS gene that encodes the WAS protein (WASp); up to 5‐10% of these patients develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The mechanisms by which WASp deficiency causes IBD are unclear. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis and imbalances in host immune responses play important roles in the pathogenesis of polygenetic IBD; however, few studies have conducted detailed examination of the microbial alterations and their relationship with IBD in WAS. Here, we collected faecal samples from 19 children (all less than 2 years old) with WAS and samples from WASp‐KO mice with IBD and subjected them to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. We found that microbial community richness and structure in WAS children were different from those in controls; WAS children revealed reduced microbial community richness and diversity. Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobiain in WAS children was significantly lower, while that of Proteobacteria was markedly higher. WASp‐KO mice revealed a significantly decreased abundance of Firmicutes. Faecal microbial dysbiosis caused by WASp deficiency is similar to that observed for polygenetic IBD, suggesting that WASp may play crucial function in microbial homoeostasis and that microbial dysbiosis may contribute to IBD in WAS. These microbial alterations may be useful targets for monitoring and therapeutically managing intestinal inflammation in WAS.
Populist communication and media environments
Authors: Nadler Anthony 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPopulist leaders and movements have long adapted their communication practices to fit their media environments. Yet, research on the relationship between media and populism has been limited until recently. This article offers an overview of how media researchers have been identifying populist media and communication practices and investigating ways in which media structures may constrain or enable the growth of populist movements. It discusses three different scholarly frameworks that suggest that social media platforms and shifts in news media may be providing new opportunities for populist messages to circulate more widely. These shifts may be a contributing factor to a recent surge in populism across many countries. Finally, this article raises normative questions about journalistic practices and media policy in response to concerns about right‐wing populist communication practices.
Predonation fears identify young donors at risk for vasovagal reactions
Authors: France Christopher R. , France Janis L. , Conatser Robert , Lux Pete , McCullough Jeannine , Erickson Yasuko 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUNDExtending existing research on the relationship between predonation fear of having blood drawn and risk for vasovagal reactions among young donors, this study assessed the predictive power of specific donation‐related fears.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAfter the health screening, high school whole blood donors (59.5% female) were randomly assigned into one of three groups. Group 1 (n = 881) answered a control question about their prior night's sleep. Group 2 (n = 911) answered the sleep question and a question about fear of having blood drawn. Group 3 (n = 924) answered the sleep question, the fear of having blood drawn question, and four questions about specific donation‐related fears (seeing blood, needles, pain, and fainting).RESULTSThe proportion of vasovagal reactions did not differ significantly among the groups, indicating that asking one or more fear questions before donation did not promote reactions. Fearful donors were more likely to have a vasovagal reaction, even after controlling for other important demographic and health predictors, with odds ratios ranging from 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44‐3.27) for fear of fainting to 3.50 (95% CI, 2.34‐5.23) for fear of seeing blood. Hours of sleep was not significantly related to vasovagal reaction risk.CONCLUSIONPredonation fear identifies donors who are more likely to experience a vasovagal reaction and does so without increasing the risk of such reactions. Accordingly, fear should be assessed during screening to identify those who could benefit from instruction in anxiety management and who might require greater attention to help prevent donor injury.
Does aid for trade diversify the export structure of recipient countries?
Authors: Kim Yu Ri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe importance of aid for trade as a tool for facilitating trade, economic growth and social development has received attention since the concept was introduced in 2005. While one of the main targets of aid for trade is export diversification, reflecting the fact that the exports of many developing countries are concentrated in a small range of items, there have not been many efforts to measure the effect of aid for trade on export structure. This study, therefore, attempts to trace the relationship between aid for trade and 133 aid recipients' export structure between 1996 and 2013. Using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index to measure the degree of export concentration, the findings suggest that total aid for trade has reduced the concentration level in the short run. In the long run, on the other hand, aid for trade has had no significant effect on export structure of recipient countries. Only aid for building productive capacity, which is one of the three categories of aid for trade, contributes to lower concentration. Yet, this change is not caused by an increase in export diversity but by the redistribution of shares of existing products of a similar sophistication level.