bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights Into Pāhoehoe Lava Emplacement Using Visible and Thermal Structure‐From‐Motion Photogrammetry
Authors: Biass Sébastien , Orr Tim R. , Houghton Bruce F. , Patrick Mathew R. , James Mike R. , Turner Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present the evolution over 3 months of a 2016–2017 pāhoehoe flow at Kīlauea as it changed from a narrow sheet flow into a compound lava field fed by a stable system of tubes. The portion of the flow located on Kīlauea's coastal plain was characterized using helicopter‐based visible and thermal structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry to construct a series of georeferenced digital surface models and thermal maps on eight different days. Results reveal key influences on the emplacement and evolution of such long‐lived pāhoehoe flows. This region of the flow grew by ~12 × 106 m3 with a near‐constant time‐average discharge rate of 1.2–2.7 m3/s. The development of two tube systems is captured and shows an initial nascent tube enhanced by a narrow topographic confinement, which later inflated and created a topographic inversion that modulated the emplacement of a second flow lobe with its own tube system. The analysis of breakouts at various stages of the field's life suggests that the evolution of the thermal and morphological properties of the flow surface reflect its maturity. Thermal properties of breakouts were used to expand the empirical relationship of breakout cooling to longer timescales. This study contributes to the long‐term development and validation of more accurate predictive models for pāhoehoe, required during the management of long‐lasting lava flow crises in Hawai'i and elsewhere.
Coda Wave Interferometry for Accurate Simultaneous Monitoring of Velocity and Acoustic Source Locations in Experimental Rock Physics
Authors: Singh J. , Curtis A. , Zhao Y. , Cartwright‐Taylor A. , Main I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn many geoscientific, material science, and engineering applications it is of importance to estimate a representative bulk seismic velocity of materials or to locate the source of recorded seismic or acoustic waves. Such estimates are necessary in order to interpret industrial seismic and earthquake seismological data, for example, in nondestructive evaluation and monitoring of structural materials, and as an input to rock physics models that predict other parameters of interest. Bulk velocity is commonly estimated in laboratories from the time of flight of the first‐arriving wave between a source and a receiver, assuming a linear raypath. In heterogeneous media, that method provides biased estimates of the bulk velocity, and of derived parameters such as temporal velocity changes or the locations of acoustic emissions. We show that coda wave interferometry (CWI) characterizes changes in the bulk properties of scattering media far more effectively on the scale of laboratory rock samples. Compared to conventional methods, CWI provides significant improvements in both accuracy and precision of estimates of velocity changes, and distances between pairs of acoustic sources, remaining accurate in the presence of background noise, and when source location and velocity perturbations occur simultaneously. CWI also allows 3‐D relative locations of clusters of acoustic emissions to be estimated using only a single sensor. We present a method to use CWI to infer changes in both P and S wave velocities individually. These innovations represent significant improvements in our ability to characterize the evolution of properties of media for a variety of applications.
Biomechanical System Versus Observational Rating Scale for Parkinson’s Disease Tremor Assessment
Authors: Chan Ping Yi , Mohd Ripin Zaidi , Abdul Halim Sanihah , Kamarudin Muhammad Imran , Ng Kwang Sheng , Eow Gaik Bee , Tan Kenny , Cheah Chun Fai , Then Linda , Soong Nelson , Hor Jyh Yung , Yahya Ahmad Shukri , Arifin Wan Nor , Tharakan John , Mustapha Muzaimi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a lack of evidence that either conventional observational rating scale or biomechanical system is a better tremor assessment tool. This work focuses on comparing a biomechanical system and the Movement Disorder Society–sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale in terms of test-retest reliability. The Parkinson’s disease tremors were quantified by biomechanical system in joint angular displacement and predicted rating, as well as assessed by three raters using observational ratings. Qualitative comparisons of the validity and function are made also. The observational rating captures the overall severity of body parts, whereas the biomechanical system provides motion- and joint-specific tremor severity. The tremor readings of the biomechanical system were previously validated against encoders’ readings and doctors’ ratings; the observational ratings were validated with previous ratings on assessing the disease and combined motor symptoms rather than on tremor specifically. Analyses show that the predicted rating is significantly more reliable than the average clinical ratings by three raters. The comparison work removes some of the inconsistent impressions of the tools and serves as guideline for selecting a tool that can improve tremor assessment. Nevertheless, further work is required to consider more variabilities that influence the overall judgement.
Extraction of gray-scale intensity distributions from micro computed tomography imaging for femoral cortical bone differentiation between low-magnesium and normal diets in a laboratory mouse model
Authors: Tu Shu-Ju , Wang Shun-Ping , Cheng Fu-Chou , Chen Ying-Ju 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the geometric development of femoral trabecular bone is affected by insufficient dietary intake of magnesium. However, it is not clear whether the development of femoral cortical bone can be quantitatively evaluated according to a diet with inadequate magnesium supplementation. Therefore, we used a micro computed tomography (CT) imaging approach with a laboratory mouse model to explore the potential application of texture analysis for the quantitative assessment of femoral cortical bones. C57BL/6J male mice were divided into two groups, where one group was fed a normal diet and the other group was fed a low-magnesium diet. We used a micro CT scanner for image acquisition, and the subsequent development of cortical bone was examined by texture analysis based on the statistical distribution of gray-scale intensities in which seven essential parameters were extracted from the micro CT images. Our calculations showed that the mean intensity increased by 7.20% (p = 0.000134), sigma decreased by 29.18% (p = 1.98E-12), skewness decreased by 19.52% (p = 0.0000205), kurtosis increased by 9.62% (p = 0.0877), energy increased by 24.19% (p = 3.32E-09), entropy decreased by 6.14% (p = 3.00E-10), and the Nakagami parameter increased by 104.32% (p = 4.13E-12) in the low-magnesium group when compared to the normal group. We found that the statistical parameters extracted from the gray-scale intensity distribution were able to differentiate between femoral cortical bone developments in the two different diet groups.
Down-regulation of microRNA-138 improves immunologic function via negatively targeting p53 by regulating liver macrophage in mice with acute liver failure
Authors: Wang You-Qiang , Lan You-Yu , Guo Yong-Can , Yuan Qin-Wei , Liu Peng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been frequently identified as key mediators in almost all developmental and pathological processes, including those in the liver. The present study was conducted with aims of investigating the role of microRNA-138 (miR-138) in acute liver failure (ALF) via a mechanism involving p53 and liver macrophage in a mouse model. The ALF mouse model was established using C57BL/6 male mice via tail vein injection of Concanamycin A (Con A) solution. The relationship between miR-138 and p53 was tested. The mononuclear macrophages were infected with mimic and inhibitor of miR-138 in order to identify roles of miR-138 in p53 and levels of inflammatory factors. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot analysis and ELISA were conducted in order to determine the levels of miR-138, inflammatory factors, and p53 during ALF. The results showed an increase in the levels of miR-138 and inflammatory factors in ALF mice induced by the ConA as time progressed and reached the peak at 12 h following treatment with ConA, while it was on the contrary when it came to the level of p53. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that p53 was a target gene of miR-138. Furthermore, the results from the in vitro transfection experiments in primary macrophages of ALF mouse showed that miR-138 down-regulated p53 and enhanced levels of inflammatory factors; thus, improving immune function in ALF mice. In conclusion, by negatively targeting p53, the decreased miR-138 improves immunologic function by regulating liver macrophage in mouse models of ALF.
Lebensmittelallergien auf der Spur
Authors: Placke Melanie 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser Fallbericht soll zeigen, wie unterschiedlich das Beschwerdebild einer Nahrungsmittelallergie sein kann und hierbei nicht immer die klassisch zu erwartenden Symptome beim Patienten vorliegen müssen.Die Symptomatik kann von Patient zu Patient ganz unterschiedlich und individuell stark ausgeprägt sein. Dies erhöht die Schwierigkeit einer schnellen und sicherstellenden medizinischen Diagnose.Mithilfe der gezielten Ernährungsberatung und einer entsprechenden Ernährungsanamnese lässt sich das bestehende Ernährungsproblem zügig feststellen und durch nachfolgende Ernährungsinterventionen gezielt behandeln, sodass der betroffene Patient möglicherweise nicht jahrelang, wie im vorliegenden Fallbeispiel, unter seinen Beschwerden leiden muss.
Deep Brain Stimulation as a Treatment Approach for Anorexia Nervosa: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Silva Ledismar José da , Naciff Tâmara Husein , Oliveira Maria Flávia Vaz de 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterized by distortions of body size, weight, and shape perception, as well as by food restriction and/or binge and purging behaviors. It mostly affects young women and causes severe negative impacts on their physical, psychological, and social health. Recent studies have analyzed deep brain stimulation (DBS), a neurosurgical procedure that involves electrode implantation in strategical brain areas, to obtain remission of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. The results showed that the stimulation of areas associated to the neurocircuitry of anorexia nervosa, such as nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, provokes beneficial responses in terms of body mass index, quality of life, social functioning, and psychiatric comorbidities. Nevertheless, broader investigations are needed to endorse the clinical usage of DBS in the management of anorexia nervosa.
Use of an Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) Dura Substitute in Glioma Surgeries: A Technical Note
Authors: Rotta José Marcus , Reis Rodolfo Casimiro , Carvalho Ana Lucia Mello de , Oliveira Matheus Fernandes de 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction Reoperations are a common scenario among glioma patients. There is crescent evidence of its benefit in low- and high-grade gliomas. Here we discuss our experience with inert expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) dura substitute in glioma surgeries.
Technical note We generally put the ePTFE dura substitute below the dura of the patient, even if it is intact. This membrane should be sutured in place using a tension-free technique, with 4-0 polypropylene. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene minimizes tissue attachment and fibrosis when performing reoperation in glioma patients.
Discussion Since the literature has shown benefits in survival with reoperation in glioma patients, the use of ePTFE dura substitute can improve surgical time and minimize complications in a second surgery.
Bilateral Unusual Course of the Median Nerve, Variation in Branching Pattern of the Brachial and Superficial Ulnar Arteries: A Rare Case Report of Multiple Neuroarterial Variation
Authors: Ahmadpour Shahriar , Foghi Khadijeh 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Bilateral unusual course of the median nerve accompanied with variations of the brachial artery branching pattern are uncommon.
Materials and Methods During the routine educational dissection of an upper limb, an interesting neurovascular variation was found in a 45-year-old male cadaver.
Results We found a bilateral unusual and variant course of the median nerve in the arm region. The right median nerve, after formation, descended from the medial to the brachial artery, crossed the brachial artery anteriorly from medial to lateral, then inferiorly and lied medially to the distal third of the brachial artery, while the left median nerve ran medial to the brachial artery, passing anteriorly from medial to lateral, and, at the distal end of the arm, it buried itself in the brachialis muscle. Another set of findings were absence of the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries, superficial ulnar artery in the forearm and common interosseus artery originated from radial artery.
Conclusion These types of compound neurovascular variations are of great importance in orthopedic, vascular, reconstructive surgeries and even in routine nursing care.
Anatomical Pattern of Dorsal Metatarsal Arteries in a Black Kenyan Population
Authors: Amuti Thomas , Oyugi Lee , Ouko Innocent , Ongidi Ibsen , Ogeng'o Julius 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Knowledge of anatomical variations in the origin and in the course of the dorsal metatarsal arteries (DMTAs) is valuable for many procedures, including reconstructive surgeries and flap selection. However, there is a paucity of data on these arteries among black Africans.
Materials and Methods The present study studied the origin and the location of DMTAs in 30 formalin-fixed cadaveric feet of adult black Kenyans at the Department of Human Anatomy of the University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

Results Dorsal metatarsal arteries were present in all of the cases. Of the right dorsalis pedis artery (DPA), in the majority of the cases, the 1st DMTA arose as the continuation of the DPA, while the 2nd to 4th DMTAs were given off as branches from the arcuate artery (AA). On the left feet, in the majority of the cases, the 1st DMTA arose as the continuation of the DPA, while the rest were given off as branches from the AA. In relation to the dorsal interossei muscles, all of the the arteries were either within the muscle fibers (53%) or beneath them (47%), on the right side. On the left side, the 1st DMTA was above the muscles in 40% of the cases; within the muscles in 53%; and beneath the muscles in 7%. The 2nd and 3rd DMTAs were above the muscles in 57% and in 53% of the cases, respectively.
Conclusion These results reveal that the DMTAs show variation in their origin and position relative to the dorsal interossei muscles. These variations display bilateral asymmetry.
Intracranial Subdural Hematoma after Spinal Anesthesia: Report of Two Cases with different Outcomes
Authors: Gago Guilherme , Martins Otávio Garcia , Gobatto Pedro Luís , Costa Fernando Antônio de Oliveira , Santin Ricardo , Magalhães Matheus Prado , Vial Antônio Delacy Martini 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpinal anesthesia is a technique commonly used for local anesthesia and in obstetric surgeries. Rarely, the formation of an intracranial subdural hematoma (SDH) may result from spinal anesthesia, constituting a serious condition that often leads to severe neurological deficits. The presentation and course of this pathology may occur in a completely different way, which makes its diagnosis and management difficult. In the present article, the authors report two cases of patients with intracranial SDH after spinal anesthesia with completely different presentations and outcomes, demonstrating the variability of the manifestations of this condition. A quick review of key points of its pathophysiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment was also performed.
Angiographic Findings in Refractory Delayed Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: González Nicolás , Ruiz Alvaro , Mura Jorge 
Published: May 2019

Background Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) follows a refractory course in a subgroup of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), leading to diffuse ischemic injury. The role of angiographic vasospasm (AV) is unknown. Our goal is to study the angiographic alterations and the clinical profile of refractory DCI patients.
Methods Retrospective study of patients with SAH who presented with DCI treated with medical and endovascular therapy, with a refractory evolution, defined as multiple ischemic infarction and brain death.
Results Out of a cohort of 336 patients, 7 (2%) developed refractory DCI. The median age of the patients was 48 (38–60) years old. Five patients had ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms. Four patients were treated with coil embolization, and three with microsurgical clipping. Angiographic vasospasm was classified as severe in 5 cases. Compromise of bilateral circulation was detected in six patients. Distal circulation vasospasm occurred in five cases. Slow circulatory transit times were observed in three patients.
Conclusion Angiographic findings such as bilateral circulatory compromise and distal vasospasm were frequent alterations. Further studies are required to establish the association of these findings with the clinical outcomes.
Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Resistant Depression: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Julião Ícaro Elias Gualberto Santos , Santana Diego Ferreira , Silva Ledismar José da 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDepression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and it is related to high suicide rates. Furthermore, a great number of patients do not respond to any of the available treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a versatile technology with expanding indications, is considered a potential treatment for resistant depression. However, in over 10 years of clinical research, its efficacy has not been completely proven. Although new trials using DBS for treatment-resistant depression keep emerging, two of the three Level I evidence-based studies recently conducted have not provided conclusive data. Methodological limitations and major biases have compromised the obtention of clearer results. In this systematic review of the literature, we intend to critically assess the clinical trials performed in this field.
A global model of island species–area relationships
Authors: Matthews Thomas J. , Rigal François , Triantis Kostas A. , Whittaker Robert J. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
The island species–area relationship (ISAR) is a fundamental diversity pattern, best described by the power model. Biogeographic theory assumes predictable variation in power model parameters in relation principally to system isolation, but these assumptions are only weakly supported by previous work, which has been limited in considering the two parameters separately and oversimplistically. By developing and testing a hierarchical (structural equation) model of factors influencing ISAR form, we show that island species diversity patterns are shaped by intra-archipelago processes more strongly than by isolation from mainland source pools. These findings point to a need to quantify the role of differing scales of isolation in influencing propagule exchange among insular systems to develop improved predictive diversity models.
Nut analysis.
Authors: Widodo P. , Nur F. , Nafisah E. , Forster B. P. , Hasibuan H. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Nut analysis provides data on: percentage of shell in the fruit (S/F); shell to kernel (S/K); percentage of kernel in the fruit (K/F); kernel weight (KW); nut weight (NW); kernel to nut (K/N); and percentage of kernel in the bunch (K/B). Nuts should be oven dried at 60-105°C for seven to nine hours, followed by cracking the nut shell to release the kernel.
Conservation agriculture systems.
Authors: Mitchell J. P. , Reicosky D. C. , Kueneman E. A. , Fisher J. , Beck D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Despite positive trajectories in global production during the last century, projected food demand and limits on our ability to further expand cropland now dictate an increase in food production by roughly 70% during the first half of the twenty-first century. Conventional systems of agriculture with their general emphasis on intensive soil disturbance, limited biodiversity, monoculture cropping and practices that mine the resource base are extractive and have resulted in slow yet demonstrably severe environmental degradation that ultimately jeopardizes food security for future generations. Because future gains in production are unlikely to be achieved by further increases in genetic yield potential, as have been achieved in the past, applications of new production system paradigms are going to be indispensable. Our existing ones are no longer able to compensate for, nor reverse, the environmental problems they have caused. We summarize the history of how agricultural systems have come to be what they are today and identify ways in which these systems will need to be improved to meet future food security challenges. We describe the development of food production system options that have been proposed in recent decades and show that the core principles and concepts of what are widely regarded as conservation agriculture (CA) systems provide an important unifying framework. Our chapter provides evidence for why these systems, when flexibly applied and in ways that mimic natural ecosystems, provide a best-bet approach for moving forward. We highlight a series of examples of CA systems being applied around the world and conclude by issuing a call to action aimed at developing and more widely adopting food production systems that look long-term, mimic natural systems and transcend jargon.
Adaptive reconstruction for electrical impedance tomography with a piecewise constant conductivity
Authors: Jin Bangti , Xu Yifeng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this work we propose and analyze a numerical method for electrical impedance tomography to recover a piecewise constant conductivity from boundary voltage measurements. It is based on standard Tikhonov regularization with a Modica–Mortola penalty functional and adaptive mesh refinement using suitable a posteriori error estimators of residual type that involve the state, adjoint and variational inequality in the necessary optimality condition and a separate marking strategy. We prove the convergence of the adaptive algorithm in the following sense: the sequence of discrete solutions contains a subsequence convergent to a solution of the continuous necessary optimality system. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the convergence behavior of the algorithm.