bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing deployment of the innate immune lymphocyte army for barrier homeostasis and protection
Authors: Almeida Francisca F. , Jacquelot Nicolas , Belz Gabrielle T. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe study of the immune system has shifted from a purely dichotomous separation between the innate and adaptive arms to one that is now highly complex and reshaping our ideas of how steady‐state health is assured. It is now clear that immune cells do not neatly fit into these two streams and immune homeostasis depends on continual dialogue between multiple lineages of the innate (including dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, and unconventional lymphocytes) and adaptive (T and B lymphocytes) arms together with a finely tuned synergy between the host and microbes which is essential to ensure immune homeostasis. Innate lymphoid cells are critical players in this new landscape. Here, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated in detail the development of ILCs from their earliest progenitors and examine factors that influence their identification and ability to drive immune homeostasis and long‐term immune protection.
Innate lymphoid cells in lung infection and immunity
Authors: Stehle Christina , Hernández Daniela C. , Romagnani Chiara 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn recent years, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as key mediators of protection and repair of mucosal surfaces during infection. The lung, a dynamic mucosal tissue that is exposed to a plethora of microbes, is a playground for respiratory infection‐causing pathogens which are not only a major cause of fatalities worldwide, but are also associated with comorbidities and decreased quality of life. The lung provides a rich microenvironment to study ILCs in the context of innate protection mechanisms within the airways, unraveling their distinct functions not only in health but also in disease. In this review, we discuss how pulmonary ILCs play a role in protection against viral, parasitic, bacterial, and fungal challenge, along with the mechanisms underlying this ILC‐mediated immunity.
Innate lymphoid cells, mediators of tissue homeostasis, adaptation and disease tolerance
Authors: Branzk Nora , Gronke Konrad , Diefenbach Andreas 
Published: October 2018

SummaryInnate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a recently identified group of tissue‐resident innate lymphocytes. Available data support the view that ILC or their progenitors are deposited and retained in tissues early during ontogeny. Thereby, ILC become an integral cellular component of tissues and organs. Here, we will review the intriguing relationships between ILC and basic developmental and homeostatic processes within tissues. Studying ILC has already led to the appreciation of the integral roles of immune cells in tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, metabolism, regeneration, and growth. This area of immunology has not yet been studied in‐depth but is likely to reveal important networks contributing to disease tolerance and may be harnessed for future therapeutic approaches.
Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of international literature
Authors: Foster Kim , Roche Michael , Delgado Cynthia , Cuzzillo Celeste , Giandinoto Jo‐Ann , Furness Trentham 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMental health nurses work in challenging and potentially high stress settings. Stressors can occur in the context of consumer, family, and/or staff relationships, as well as the work environment and organization. The cumulative effects of stress and professional challenges can lead to harmful impacts for mental health nurses including burnout and poorer physical and mental health. Resilience involves a process of positive adaptation to stress and adversity. The aims of this integrative review were to examine understandings and perspectives on resilience, and explore and synthesize the state of knowledge on resilience in mental health nursing. Following systematic search processes, screening, and data extraction, 12 articles were included. Constant comparative analysis and synthesis of the data resulted in two key categories: Theoretical concepts of resilience and Knowledge on mental health nurses’ resilience. In mental health nursing, resilience has been variously constructed as an individual ability, collective capacity, or as an interactive person–environment process. Resilience was most often reported as low‐moderate, with positive correlations with hardiness, self‐esteem, life and job satisfaction, and negative correlations with depression and burnout. A resilience programme improved mental health nurses’ coping self‐efficacy and capacity to regulate thoughts and emotions and developed their resilient practice. Use of contemporary resilience definitions will inform more consistent investigation and progressively scaffold knowledge of this emergent construct in mental health nursing. Future research on the implementation of resilience programmes and resilience‐building strategies for mental health nurses at the individual, work unit, and organizational levels is needed.
Understanding physiological and morphological traits contributing to drought tolerance in barley
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Md. , Shabala Lana , Brodribb Timothy J. , Zhou Meixue , Shabala Sergey 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDrought stress is a major limiting factor for crop production in the arid and semi‐arid regions. Here, we screened eighty barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes collected from different geographical locations contrasting in drought stress tolerance and quantified a range of physiological and agronomical indices in glasshouse trails. The experiment was conducted in large soil tanks subjected to drought treatment of eighty barley genotypes at three‐leaf stage and gradually brought to severe drought by withholding irrigation for 30 days under glasshouse conditions. Also, root length of the same genotypes was measured from stress‐affected plants growing hydroponically. Drought tolerance was scored 30 days after the drought stress commenced based on the degree of the leaf wilting, fresh and dry biomass and relative water content. These characteristics were related to stomatal conductance, stomatal density, residual transpiration and leaf sap Na, K, Cl contents measured in control (irrigated) plants. Responses to drought stress differed significantly among the genotypes. The overall drought tolerance was significantly correlated with relative water content, stomatal conductance and leaf Na+ and K+ contents. No significant correlations between drought tolerance and root length of 6‐day‐old seedling, stomatal density, residual transpiration and leaf sap Cl− content were found. Taking together, these results suggest that drought‐tolerant genotypes have lower stomatal conductance, and lower water content, Na+, K+ and Cl− contents in their tissue under control conditions than the drought‐sensitive ones. These traits make them more resilient to the forthcoming drought stress.
We are victims! How observers evaluate a group’s claim of collective victimhood
Authors: Belavadi Sucharita , Hogg Michael A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntergroup relations often involve a competitive narrative revolving around claims of collective victimhood. This article investigates how the communication of such claims impacts third‐party perceptions of the group's structure and future actions. Two experiments explored the underlying processes that shape such third‐party perceptions. Study 1 (N = 86) showed that victim‐claiming groups were perceived as more uncertain than groups not claiming victimhood and as a result as less entitative units. Study 2 (N = 165) showed that victimhood‐claiming groups’ intentions toward violent and retributive acts were legitimized by observers through perceptions of heightened uncertainty. Claims of collective victimhood help groups justify the adoption of a violent strategy against an antagonistic outgroup through perceived heightened uncertainty. Further, Study 2 showed that power moderated the relationship between victimhood claims by groups and the perceived entitativity of such groups—low‐power groups communicating a message of victimhood were perceived as more entitative than low‐power groups not making such claims. Implications of third‐party perceptions of conflicting groups on already troubled intergroup relations are discussed.
Arterial stiffness mediates the effect of salt intake on systolic blood pressure
Authors: Siriopol Dimitrie , Covic Adrian , Iliescu Radu , Kanbay Mehmet , Tautu Oana , Radulescu Luminita , Mitu Ovidiu , Salaru Delia , Dorobantu Maria 
Published: October 2018

Accumulating evidence indicates that higher levels of salt intake are associated with higher blood pressure levels. The aim of our analysis was to test the hypothesis that the effect of urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) is mediated through estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and arterial stiffness and also to test the direction of the relationship between eGFR and arterial stiffness, in both hypertensive and normotensive patients. We assessed the potential for connection between UNaV and SBP and mediators (eGFR and pulse wave velocity [PWV]) of this relationship using structural equation models of data from 1599 adults ≥18 years of age and without chronic kidney disease who participated in the Third Epidemiologic Study concerning the Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk in Romania (SEPHAR III). In hypertensive patients, the indirect effect, mediated through PWV, of UNaV on SBP was 23.9% and 27.7% of the total effect of UNaV on SBP, while in normotensive patients the contribution of PWV to the total effect of UNaV on SBP was slightly lower (15.9% and 18.3% of the total effect of UNaV on SBP). Taken together, our findings support the conclusion that UNaV influences SBP, both directly and indirectly, through the effect on PWV.
Noninvasive evaluation of the correlation between thickness of the buccal bone and attached gingiva of maxillary premolars
Authors: Ganji Kiran K. , Alswilem Rayan O. , Abouonq Anas O. , Alruwaili Abdulrahman A. , Alam Mohammad K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo noninvasively determine the relationship between the thickness of the buccal bone and attached gingiva of the maxillary premolars.Material and Methods128 maxillary premolars in 32 patients were assessed for measurement of buccal bone thickness and corresponding attached gingival thickness at 3 mm apical to cemento‐enamel junction. Buccal bone thickness was measured on cone‐beam computed tomography scans and attached gingival thickness by ultrasound unit. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between buccal bone and attached gingival thickness at each tooth type.ResultsThe mean buccal bone thickness at the maxillary premolars was 1.07 mm. The 1st premolars had a buccal bone thickness < 1 mm at 68% of all sites, and the 2nd premolars had a buccal bone thickness of 1.0‐2.0 mm at 32% of all sites. The 1st premolars had a gingival thickness > 1.2 mm at 55% of all sites, and the 2nd premolars had a gingival thickness of 1.1‐1.3 mm at 45% of all sites. The correlation between buccal bone and attached gingival thickness was moderately positive (r = 0.406; P < .001).ConclusionsThe relationship between buccal bone thickness and gingival thickness is independent of each other in the maxillary right first premolar, whereas a moderate correlation with a dependent relation exists in the maxillary right second premolar, maxillary left first premolar, and maxillary left second premolar.Clinical SignificanceSoft tissue and hard tissue associated with volumetric changes in maxillary premolar region can be unfavorable for both aesthetic and implant placement. In fact this study highlighted the relationship between the thickness of attached gingiva and corresponding buccal bone in maxillary premolar region so to enable for proper planning of implant therapy following extraction.
Radiological changes during fracture and repair in neural and haemal spines of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Fjelldal Per Gunnar , van der Meeren Terje , Fraser Thomas W. K. , Sambraus Florian , Jawad Laith , Hansen Tom Johnny 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough spinal injuries in fish have been associated with electric stimuli applied during electrofishing and electrotrawling, bone fracture and repair in the axial skeleton have yet not been studied. To study this, we radiographed a group (n = 64) of individually tagged farmed cod twice, with a 1‐year interval (∼36 cm at first and ∼ 50 cm at second inspection). The study focus was on the neural and haemal spines. These structures are un‐paired and are not covered by other bones laterally, making them useful for radiological studies on axial skeletal fracture in live fish. At the first examination, four animals showed radiological changes in their neural and haemal spines. Two animals had fractures, and two had callus formations. One year later, at the second radiological examination, the fractures had developed into calluses or into normal morphology, and calluses either remained as calluses or had developed into normal morphology. A further 14 animals that were all normal at the first inspection had developed changes in their neural and haemal spines, both fractures and callus formations. This is the first record of spontaneous bone fracture in fish; the fractures observed occurred under normal farming conditions and were not induced. The results show that cod have a functional fracture healing mechanism in their neural and haemal spines. The findings are discussed in relation to fish hyperostosis.
Serological and genetic characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from farmed salmonids in Turkey
Authors: Saticioglu I B , Duman M , Wiklund T , Altun S 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTurkey was the largest rainbow trout producer of the European countries in 2016, and the reason for this production is mainly attributed to its egg and fry production. Flavobacterium psychrophilum cause the highest rates of mortality in the starting to feeding stages of the fish. In the present study, twenty‐five F. psychrophilum isolates recovered from rainbow trout, coruh trout and brook trout were analysed by RAPD‐PCR, ERIC‐PCR, REP‐PCR and PCR‐RFLP, including 16S rRNA, gyrA and gyrB gene regions and PCR‐based serotyping method. The PCR‐based molecular analysis showed that the isolates could not be differentiated exactly according to isolation source and geographical region. Most isolates were of type‐1 and type‐2, and some of them were of type‐0 and type‐3; in addition, one isolate showed a unique serotype. The combined analysis results showed that F. psychrophilum isolates discriminated as five different genotypes and all isolates were successfully discriminated based on host.
Vertebral column deformity in adult wild haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Authors: Jawad Laith A. , Hansen Tom J. , Meier Sonnich , Skjæraasen Jon Egil , Fjelldal Per Gunnar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study describes radiological malformations in the vertebral column of adult sexually mature wild haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus collected from Masfjorden, Western Norway, in 2014 and 2015. There were seven deformed fish (33% of sampled fish), five with mild deformities and two with severe deformities. The deformity types discovered were lordosis, vertebra body asymmetry, compression, fusion (ankylosis), remodelling, and haemal spine hyperostosis. The two severely deformed fish were as follows: (a) one specimen with 29 deformed vertebrae within the region vertebrae nos. 1–30, including two sites of lordosis; (b) one specimen with 15 deformed vertebrae within the region vertebrae nos. 31–52 (most caudal vertebrae). The results of this study show that wild haddock can survive severe vertebra deformities, both in the trunk and tail region, and reach adulthood and sexual maturity. Whether normal nondeformed wild conspecifics would mate and spawn with these individuals and thereby complete the life cycle of the deformed individuals is, however, unknown. A possible link between bone fracture and fish hyperostosis is discussed.
Effect of surfactants on the improved selectivity and anti‐bacterial efficacy of citronellal nano‐emulsion
Authors: Guliani Anika , Singla Rubbel , Kumari Avnesh , Acharya Amitabha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEssential oils, the so‐called “green pesticides,” possess strong anti‐microbial activities due to their characteristic aroma; but low efficacy, instability, and high cost of production, mostly restrict their use in food and pharma industry. In this context, citronellal nano‐emulsification process was optimized using different concentrations of Brij‐58 and leaf extracts of Lantana camara. Results suggested that uniform droplet size of 35–70 nm can be achieved when CL concentration was maintained at 2% (v/v). Efficacy of both the prepared nano‐emulsions was tested against two different strains of bacteria viz., Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using TEM and confocal microscopic techniques. Studies indicated an early and selective killing of both the bacteria by citronellal nano‐emulsion as compared to pure citronellal. It is being proposed that noncovalent interactions and presence of aquaporins on the bacterial membrane were largely responsible for such selectivity.Practical applicationsThe demand for natural anti‐microbial compounds has been increasing in the food industry to reduce the food‐borne pathogens and also to minimize the use of synthetic anti‐microbial compounds. Due to their strong aroma, essential oils are primarily used in perfumes, soaps, foods, flavors, and beverages as well as in anti‐microbial activities which can be used as food preservatives and cosmeceuticals to extend the shelf‐life of such products. However, the use of essential oils is limited, as these possess certain disadvantages of being highly volatile, expensive, and less effective at a certain minimum concentration, etc. The present study is based on the optimization of the nano‐emulsification process for the citronellal, by using chemical and green surfactants. The anti‐bacterial activities have been tested against two bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anti‐bacterial studies carried out using TEM and confocal microscopy suggested that the nano‐emulsion containing citronellal caused an early and selective killing of bacteria compared to the pure citronellal.
Comparative evaluation of quality properties and volatile profiles of lemon peels subjected to different drying techniques
Authors: Tekgül Yeliz , Baysal Taner 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, effects of different drying techniques (open‐air drying [AD], hot air drying [HAD], microwave drying [MWD], and freeze‐drying [FD]) on quality properties and volatile compound profiles in lemon peels were examined. For those purpose, water‐holding capacity, water activity, bulk density, color, pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid content, total carotenoid content, and volatile compounds of dried lemon peels were determined. Among the drying methods, the highest retention of phenolics, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids were provided by FD. A total of 56 volatile compounds were identified in dried lemon peel powders. MWD samples contained the largest number of volatiles, whereas HAD samples had the highest volatile content. Principal component analysis on volatiles indicated that there is a convenient relation between the AD, HAD, and FD samples.Practical applicationsDifferent drying techniques play significant roles in the storage of fruits and vegetables. However, the effect of these methods on the quality of various foods is still not clear. This article indicates the effects of open‐air, hot air, microwave, and freeze‐drying methods on certain quality parameters and volatile compounds of lemon peels. The obtained data from the present study will provide valuable information for setting up industrial‐scale dryer systems for products with high volatile content. It will provide contribution to the improvement in food companies on their production conditions.
Postoperative Delirium in Individuals Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Abawi Masieh , Pagnesi Matteo , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Chiarito Mauro , van Jaarsveld Romy C. , van Dongen Charlotte S. , Slooter Arjen J.C. , Colombo Antonio , Kooistra Nynke H.M. , Doevendans Pieter A.F.M. , Latib Azeem , Stella Pieter R. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence of in‐hospital postoperative delirium (IHPOD) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.SettingElective proceduresParticipantsIndividuals undergoing TAVR.MeasurementsA literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, BioMedCentral, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (up to December 2017). All observational studies reporting the incidence of IHPOD after TAVR (sample size > 25) were included in our meta‐analysis. The reported incidence rates were weighted to obtain a pooled estimate rate with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOf 96 potentially relevant articles, 31 with a total of 32,389 individuals who underwent TAVR were included in the meta‐analysis. The crude incidence of IHPOD after TAVR ranged from 0% to 44.6% in included studies, with a pooled estimate rate of 8.1% (95% CI=6.7–9.4%); heterogeneity was high (Q = 449; I = 93%; pheterogeneity < .001). The pooled estimate rate of IHPOD was 7.2% (95% CI=5.4–9.1%) after transfemoral (TF) TAVR and 21.4% (95% CI=10.3–32.5%) after non‐TF TAVR.ConclusionDelirium occurs frequently after TAVR and is more common after non‐TF than TF procedures. Recommendations are made with the aim of standardizing future research to reduce heterogeneity between studies on this important healthcare problem. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2417–2424, 2018.
Rehabilitation Services Use of Older Adults According to Fall‐Risk Screening Guidelines
Authors: Gell Nancy M. , Patel Kushang V. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo characterize rehabilitation services use of older adults according to fall‐risk classification based on screening guidelines.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study.SettingStudy participants' homes.ParticipantsNational sample of 7,440 community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries.MeasurementsIn‐person interviews and functional assessments. Based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths and Injuries criteria, participants were classified as low, moderate, or high fall risk.ResultsTwenty‐three percent of older adults classified as moderate fall‐risk (n = 2602) and 40.6% of those at high fall‐risk (n = 940) reported rehabilitation services use in the past year. Among older adults who reported rehabilitation services in the past year (n = 1,505), treatment to address falls was reported by 2.8%, 12.6%, and 34.7% of those classified with low, moderate, and high fall‐risk, respectively (p < 0.001). Older adults with high fall‐risk who did not receive rehabilitation services had significantly better self‐reported physical capacity (p = 0.02) but comparable physical performance (all p's > 0.05) relative to those who received rehabilitation.ConclusionOlder adults at high risk for falls were significantly more likely to report rehabilitation services use compared to those with low and moderate risk of falling. The findings also indicate that there is low adherence to national clinical recommendations for rehabilitation services use in older adults vulnerable to falls‐related injury. Among the high fall‐risk group, those who did not receive rehabilitation services had similarly low physical function as compared with those who received rehabilitation, indicating potential unmet need to address physical impairments related to fall‐risk.J Am Geriatr Soc 67:100–107, 2019.