bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trehalose synthesis inhibitor: A molecular in silico drug design
Authors: Gonçalves Lucas Machado , Trevisol Eduardo Thomaz Vasconcelos , de Azevedo Abrahim Vieira Bárbara , De Mesquita Joelma Freire 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInfectious diseases are serious public health problems, affecting a large portion of the world's population. A molecule that plays a key role in pathogenic organisms is trehalose and recently has been an interest in the metabolism of this molecule for drug development. The trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase (TPS1) is an enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of trehalose‐6‐phosphate (T6P) in the TPS1/TPS2 pathway, which results in the formation of trehalose. Studies carried out by our group demonstrated the inhibitory capacity of T6P in the TPS1 enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, preventing the synthesis of trehalose. By in silico techniques, we compiled sequences and experimentally determined structures of TPS1. Sequence alignments and molecular modeling were performed. The generated structures were submitted in validation of algorithms, aligned structurally and analyzed evolutionarily. Molecular docking methodology was applied to analyze the interaction between T6P and TPS1 and ADMET properties of T6P were analyzed. The results demonstrated the models created presented sequence and structural similarities with experimentally determined structures. With the molecular docking, a cavity in the protein surface was identified and the molecule T6P was interacting with the residues TYR‐40, ALA‐41, MET‐42, and PHE‐372, indicating the possible uncompetitive inhibition mechanism provided by this ligand, which can be useful in directing the molecular design of inhibitors. In ADMET analyses, T6P had acceptable risk values compared with other compounds from World Drug Index. Therefore, these results may present a promising strategy to explore to develop a broad‐spectrum antibiotic of this specific target with selectivity, potency, and reduced side effects, leading to a new way to treat infectious diseases like tuberculosis and candidiasis.
Silencing vascular endothelial growth factor C increases the radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE‐2 cells
Authors: Wang Feng , Peng Lisha , Wang Yong , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF‐C) has been reported to be responsible for the lymphatic vessel density, tumor staging and lymph node metastasis, resulting in the failure of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects and the underlying mechanism of VEGF‐C on the radiotherapy and in the human NPC cell lines CNE‐2. In our study, VEGF‐C silenced CNE‐2 cells were stably established. Different small interfering VEGF‐C (si‐VEGFC) were transfected into CNE‐2 cells and combined with 8 Gy X‐ray. The proliferation, cloning ability, DNA damage, and apoptosis of CNE‐2 cells were evaluated by counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), colony‐forming assay, comet assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, the VEGFC knockdown involved signaling pathways in CNE‐2 cells were predicted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, and validated by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Results demonstrated that silencing VEGF‐C combined with radiation can significantly inhibit the proliferation and cloning ability, while increase the apoptosis and DNA damage of CNE‐2 cells, thereby promote the radiosensitivity. Furthermore, the effects of silencing VEGF‐C probably through activating the NF‐kB signal pathway. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that VEGF‐C may be a potential target to increase the radiosensitivity in NPC by activating NF‐kB signaling.
Somatic burden and perceived cognitive problems in trauma‐exposed adults with posttraumatic stress symptoms or pain
Authors: Bartel Alisa , Jordan Joshua , Correll Danielle , Devane Amanda , Samuelson Kristin W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with somatic and cognitive changes, which may be magnified when accompanied by persistent pain. The mechanisms of somatic sensation processing may extend to cognitive symptoms, revealing a potential generalization of impairment across cognitive and somatic domains in PTSD. We hypothesized that somatic burden would mediate relationships between PTSD, pain, and perceived cognitive impairment.MethodsTwo samples—360 trauma‐exposed college students and 268 mechanical Turk users—completed self‐report measures.ResultsBoth samples revealed similar findings. There was a significant indirect effect of PTSD and pain on perceived cognitive problems through somatic burden. There remained a direct effect of PTSD symptoms. These findings indicate that in trauma‐exposed samples with pain, somatic burden rather than pain severity accounts for perceived cognitive problems.ConclusionHigh somatic burden may reflect an underlying appraisal about somatic cues, which extend in part to interpretation of cognitive cues.
Multi‐Disciplinary Approaches for Cell‐Based Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Johnstone Brian , Stoddart Martin J. , Im Gun‐Il 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTArticular cartilage does not regenerate in adults. A lot of time and resources have been dedicated to cartilage regeneration research. The current understanding suggests that multi‐disciplinary approach including biologic, genetic, and mechanical stimulations may be needed for cell‐based cartilage regeneration. This review summarizes contents of a workshop sponsored by International Combined Orthopaedic Societies during the 2019 annual meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society held in Austin, Texas. Three approaches for cell‐based cartilage regeneration were introduced, including cellular basis of chondrogenesis, gene‐enhanced cartilage regeneration, and physical modulation to divert stem cells to chondrogenic cell fate. While the complicated nature of cartilage regeneration has not allowed us to achieve successful regeneration of hyaline articular cartilage so far, the utilization of multi‐disciplinary approaches in various fields of biomedical engineering will provide means to achieve this goal faster. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:463–472, 2020
Overweight and Obese Patients Require Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty at a Younger Age
Authors: Clement Nicholas D. , Deehan David J. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee is associated with obesity but the exact effect remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the independent association between the age at which total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) are required for end‐stage severe OA according to body mass index (BMI) category. A retrospective study of 3,699 patients undergoing primary THR and 4,740 patients undergoing a primary TKA for the treatment of end‐stage OA. Patient demographics, BMI, comorbidity, social deprivation, Short form 12 and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index score pre‐operatively were collected. Linear regression analysis identified that there was an earlier age at which THA and TKA were performed with increasing obesity BMI category compared with normal‐weight patients when adjusting for confounding variables. Using the normal weight category as the reference group overweight (0.9 years [95% confidence interval, CI] 0.0–1.8) and obese patients in class 1 (3.1 years, 95% CI 2.1–4.2), 2 (5.2 years, 95% CI 3.7–6.7), and 3 (7.4 years, 95% CI 5.0–9.8) required their THA at a significantly (p ≤ 0.04) earlier age. Again, using normal weight category as the reference group overweight (2.1 years, 95% CI 1.3–2.9) and obese patients in class 1 (4.7 years, 95% CI 3.8–5.6), 2 (6.7 years, 95% CI 5.6– 7.7) and 3 (10.5 years, 95% CI 8.9–12.1) required their TKA at a significantly (p < 0.001) earlier age. Overweight and obese patients required their THA and TKA at a significantly younger age. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:348‐355, 2020
Biologics‐based regenerative technologies for periodontal soft tissue engineering
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , McGuire Michael K. , Zucchelli Giovanni , Rasperini Giulio , Feinberg Stephen E. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Giannobile William V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis manuscript provides a state‐of‐the‐art review on the efficacy of biologics in root coverage procedures, including enamel matrix derivative, platelet‐derived growth factor, platelet concentrates, and fibroblast‐growth factor‐2. The mechanism of action and the rationale for using biologics in periodontal plastic surgery, as well as their anticipated benefits when compared with conventional approaches are discussed. Although the clinical significance is still under investigation, preclinical data and histologic evidence demonstrate that biologic‐based techniques are able to promote periodontal regeneration coupled with the provision of tooth root coverage.
Anode characteristics of Al/Ti galvanic couple in a salt spray environment
Authors: Zou Shiwen , Qu Yichao , Zhou Wenlong , Xu Wen , Fu Xuesong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe galvanic corrosion behavior of a 2A12 aluminum alloy and a Ti‐15‐3 titanium alloy in a salt spray environment was investigated. The results indicated that the galvanic effect accelerated the dissolution rate of the anodes significantly; however, the corrosion of the anode was not uniform. The region adjacent to the coupled joint experienced the most significant corrosion, with galvanic corrosive action emerging as dominant. The corrosion of the region distant from the joint was slight and was dominated by the self‐corrosion process. A new model for the current difference distribution of the galvanic couple was established to illuminate the nonuniform corrosion phenomenon of the anode.
RETRACTED: MtDNA polymorphism analyses in the Chinese Mongolian group: Efficiency evaluation and further matrilineal genetic structure exploration
Authors: Lan Qiong , Xie Tong , Jin Xiaoye , Fang Yating , Mei Shuyan , Yang Guang , Zhu Bofeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundProfiling of mitochondrial DNA is surely to provide valuable investigative clues for forensic cases involving highly degraded specimens or complex maternal lineage kinship determination. But traditionally used hypervariable region sequencing of mitochondrial DNA is less frequently suggested by the forensic community for insufficient informativeness. Genome‐wide sequencing of mitochondrial DNA can provide considerable amount of variant information but can be high cost at the same time.MethodsEfficiency of the 60 mitochondrial DNA polymorphic sites dispersing across the control region and coding region of mitochondrial DNA genome was evaluated with 106 Mongolians recruited from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, and allele‐specific PCR technique was employed for mitochondrial DNA typing.ResultsAltogether 58 haplotypes were observed and the haplotypic diversity, discrimination power and random match probability were calculated to be 0.981, 0.972, and 0.028, respectively. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup affiliation exhibited an exceeding percentage (12.26%) of west Eurasian lineage (H haplogroup) in the studied Mongolian group, which needed to be further verified with more samples. Furthermore, the genetic relationships between the Xinjiang Mongolian group and the comparison populations were also investigated and the genetic affinity was discovered between the Xinjiang Mongolian group and the Xinjiang Kazak group in this study.ConclusionIt was indicated that the panel was potentially enough to be used as a supplementary tool for forensic applications. And the matrilineal genetic structure analyses based on mitochondrial DNA variants in the Xinjiang Mongolian group could be helpful for subsequent anthropological studies.
Association of BMI with Linear Growth and Pubertal Development
Authors: Aris Izzuddin M. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Zhang Xun , Yang Seungmi , Switkowski Karen , Fleisch Abby F. , Hivert Marie‐France , Martin Richard M. , Kramer Michael S. , Oken Emily 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of BMI with subsequent statural growth among children born in the era of the obesity epidemic.MethodsAmong 18,271 children from Belarus (n = 16,781, born 1996 to 1997) and the United States (n = 1,490, born 1999 to 2002), multivariable linear and ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze associations of BMI z score from infancy to adolescence with subsequent standardized length and height velocity, standing height and its components (trunk and leg lengths), and pubertal timing.ResultsThe prevalence of early adolescent obesity was 6.2% in Belarus and 12.8% in the United States. In both Belarusian and US children, higher BMI z scores in infancy and childhood were associated with faster length and height velocity in early life, while higher BMI z scores during middle childhood were associated with slower length and height velocity during adolescence. Associations with greater standing height and trunk length and earlier pubertal development in adolescence were stronger for BMI z scores at middle childhood than BMI z scores at birth or infancy.ConclusionsThese findings in both Belarus and the United States support the role of higher BMI in accelerating linear growth in early life (taller stature and longer trunk length) but earlier pubertal development and slower linear growth during adolescence.
Reasons for accepting or declining participation in the ASPRE trial: A qualitative study with women at high risk of preterm pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Nikčević Ana V. , Dodd Zoe , Prior Jess , O'Gorman Neil , Poon Liona C. , Nicolaides Kypros H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors that affected the decision of pregnant women at high risk for pre‐eclampsia (PE) in accepting or declining participation in a medicated clinical trial (ASPRE) for the prevention of preterm PE.MethodThis was a qualitative, cross‐sectional study. A purposive sample of 14 participants and 13 decliners of the ASPRE trial were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using template analysis.ResultsFor participants, their high‐risk status seems to have motivated them to take part in the trial. This was enabled by their perception that the trial drug aspirin was commonly used, the safety of the procedure, and the belief that they will be in receipt of extra monitoring in pregnancy. Decliners expressed discomfort about taking medications in pregnancy, and about the presence of the placebo arm; they seemed to be motivated by desire to reduce harm. Satisfaction with the information provided by the medical professionals was also influential in women's decision making, and so were the views of their partners and other trusted individuals.ConclusionPregnant women's motivation to take part or to decline participation in a medicated trail can be understood as an attempt to cope with the threat posed by their high‐risk status.
Beyond the red pen: A functional grammar approach to evaluating the written language of deaf students
Authors: Kilpatrick Jennifer Renée , Wolbers Kimberly A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeaf students often differ from their hearing peers in written language development. Providing developmentally appropriate instruction is ideal, yet current methods of writing assessment do not provide teachers with sufficient information regarding the written language (i.e., syntactic) development of deaf students. In this research, we use a Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) approach to language analysis to provide teachers with a new way to evaluate deaf students’ writing. This project consisted of two studies. The first study focused on determining whether SFG analysis could be helpful for teachers of the deaf. The second study focused on mapping a trajectory of the written language development of deaf students and the development of written language inventory for teachers of the deaf. This inventory, along with additional evaluation tools, has the potential to impact both objective setting and instruction.
Safety of prolonged magnesium sulfate infusions during treatment for severe pediatric status asthmaticus
Authors: Graff Danielle M. , Stevenson Michelle D. , Berkenbosch John W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveMagnesium sulfate (Mg) is one of several “second‐tier” therapies for treating severe status asthmaticus. Pediatric reports primarily describe bolus use with limited data regarding prolonged infusions. We sought to describe the safety of prolonged Mg infusions during therapy of status asthmaticus in critically ill children.DesignSingle center, retrospective study.SettingThirty‐four‐bed tertiary level medical/surgical/cardiac surgical pediatric intensive care unit.PatientsPediatric patients 2 to 18 years of age admitted with status asthmaticus receiving Mg infusion for more than 24 hours.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main findingsA total of 154 children received Mg infusions for a median of 53.4 hours (interquartile range = 36.6‐74.8). The most common adverse event (AE) was hypotension (48.1%), almost exclusively diastolic (94%), and was mostly limited to 1 blood pressure measurement (78%). 2.9% of events required intervention (fluids, decrease Mg infusion). Other AEs included nausea/emesis (22.7%), transient weakness (14.9%), and flushing (6.5%). Five patients experienced serious AEs including hypotonia (n = 1), escalation to continuous or bilevel positive airway pressure (n = 3), and sedation (n = 1), all attributed to progression of underlying medical disease. No patient required endotracheal intubation. Supratherapeutic levels (>6 mg/dL) were uncommon (2%) and were not more likely to be associated with AEs. Most (81%) patients were therapeutic by the 2nd Mg level check.ConclusionProlonged Mg infusions were well tolerated in pediatric status asthmaticus patients. While diastolic hypotension was not uncommon, rarely were interventions deemed necessary. No serious AEs were attributed to Mg. Toxicity was uncommon suggesting that Mg levels could potentially be checked less frequently than historically reported.
Impact of Preoperative Skeletal Muscle Quality Measurement on Long‐Term Survival After Curative Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Waki Yuhei , Irino Tomoyuki , Makuuchi Rie , Notsu Akifumi , Kamiya Satoshi , Tanizawa Yutaka , Bando Etsuro , Kawamura Taiichi , Terashima Masanori 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle quality is a prognostic factor in various cancers. However, similar studies on curatively resected gastric cancer are lacking. We evaluated skeletal muscle quality using intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) to clarify its impact on survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.MethodsWe reviewed 370 patients who underwent curative resection for stage II/III gastric cancer. IMAC was calculated using preoperative computed tomography images. IMAC cutoff values were determined for each sex and were set at the 75th percentile. The patients were classified into normal and high IMAC groups according to the cutoff values. Clinicopathological factors and survival outcomes were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS).ResultsIn all, 277 patients were classified into the normal IMAC group and 93 were classified into the high IMAC group. The patients in the high IMAC group were older, more obese, and had more comorbidities and poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status than those in the normal IMAC group. Although no significant differences were observed in the pathological findings between the two groups, a high IMAC was significantly associated with poor OS and CSS. Multivariate analysis identified high IMAC as an independent prognostic factor for both OS and CSS (p = 0.046 and p = 0.035, respectively).ConclusionsHigh IMAC was significantly associated with poor survival, suggesting that skeletal muscle quality has oncological implications in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.
First displacement time of a tagged particle in a stochastic cluster in a simple exclusion process with random slow bonds
Authors: Uquillas Adriana , Simonis Adilson 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe consider the nearest-neighbour simple exclusion process on the one-dimensional discrete torus

$\mathbb{T}_N=\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}$

, with random rates

$c_N=\{c_{x,N}\colon x \in \mathbb{T}_N\}$

defined in terms of a homogeneous Poisson process on

$\mathbb{R}$

with intensity

$\lambda$

. Given a realization of the Poisson process, the jump rate along the edge

$\{x,x+1\}$

is 1 if there is not any Poisson mark in

$ (x,x+1) $

; otherwise, it is

$\lambda/N,\, \lambda \in( 0,1]$

. The density profile of this process with initial measure associated to an initial profile

$\rho_0\colon \mathbb{R}
\rightarrow [0,1]$

, evolves as the solution of a bounded diffusion random equation. This result follows from an appropriate quenched hydrodynamic limit. If

$\lambda=1$

then

$\rho$

is discontinuous at each Poisson mark with passage through the slow bonds, otherwise the conductance at the slow bonds decreases meaning no passage through the slow bonds in the continuum. The main results are concerned with upper and lower quenched and annealed bounds of

$T_j$

, where

$T_j$

is the first displacement time of a tagged particle in a stochastic cluster of size j (the cluster is defined via specific macroscopic density profiles). It is possible to observe that when time t grows, then

$\mathbb{P}\{T_j \geq t\}$

decays quadratically in both the upper and lower bounds, and falls as slow as the presence of more Poisson marks neighbouring the tagged particle, as expected.
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis in nutrition research
Authors: Kelley George A. , Kelley Kristi S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere exists an ever-increasing number of systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, in the field of nutrition. Concomitant with this increase is the increased use of such to guide future research as well as both practice and policy-based decisions. Given this increased production and consumption, a need exists to educate both producers and consumers of systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, on how to conduct and evaluate high-quality reviews of this nature in nutrition. The purpose of this paper is to try and address this gap. In the present manuscript, the different types of systematic reviews, with or without meta-analyses, are described as well as the description of the major elements, including methodology and interpretation, with a focus on nutrition. It is hoped that this non-technical information will be helpful to producers, reviewers and consumers of systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, in the field of nutrition.