bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection Opportunity for Aromatic Signature in Titan’s Aerosols in the 4.1–5.3 μm Range
Authors: Mathé Christophe , Gautier Thomas , Trainer Melissa G. , Carrasco Nathalie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The Cassini/Huygens mission provided new insights on the chemistry of the upper atmosphere of Titan. The presence of large molecules and ions (>100's of amu) detected by Cassini at high altitude was not expected, and questions the original assumptions regarding the aerosol formation pathways. From recent laboratory studies, it has been shown that the inclusion of trace amounts of aromatic species drastically impacts the chemistry of aerosol formation and induces observable changes in the properties of the aerosols. In this Letter we focus on the effect of one of the simplest nitrogenous aromatics, pyridine (C5H5N), on the infrared signature of Titan’s aerosol analogs. We introduce initial gas mixtures of (i) N2–C5H5N (100%/250 ppm), (ii) N2–CH4–C5H5N (99%/1%/250 ppm), and (iii) N2–CH4 (99%/1%) in a cold plasma discharge. The material produced, herein called tholins, is then analyzed by mid-infrared spectroscopy. When adding pyridine in the discharge, the tholins produced present an aromatic signature in the 4.1–5.3 μm (1850–2450 cm−1) spectral region, attributed to overtones of aromatic C–H out-of-plane bending vibrations. We also observe a spectral shift of the nitrile and iso-nitrile absorption band with the inclusion of pyridine in the gas mixture. These results could help to investigate the data obtained at Titan by the Cassini/Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument in the 1–5 μm infrared window.
The Highly Polarized Dusty Emission Core of Cygnus A
Authors: Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Antonucci Robert , Chary Ranga-Ram , Kishimoto Makoto 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We report the detection of linearly polarized emission at 53 and 89 μm from the radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) Cygnus A using High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera-plus (HAWC+) on board the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). We measure a highly polarized core of 11 ± 3% and 9 ± 2% with a position angle (PA) of polarization of 43° ± 8° and 39° ± 7° at 53 and 89 μm, respectively. We find (1) a synchrotron-dominated core with a flat spectrum (+0.21 ± 0.05) and a turnover at 543 ± 120 μm, which implies synchrotron emission is insignificant in the infrared (IR), and (2) a 2–500 μm bump peaking at ∼40 μm described by a blackbody component with color temperature of 107 ± 9 K. The polarized spectral energy distribution (SED) has the same shape as the IR bump of the total flux SED. We observe a change in the PA of polarization of ∼20° from 2 to 89 μm, which suggests a change of polarization mechanisms. The ultraviolet, optical, and near-IR (NIR) polarization has been convincingly attributed to scattering by polar dust, consistent with the usual torus scenario, though this scattered component can only be directly observed from the core in the NIR. By contrast, the gradual rotation by ∼20° toward the far-IR (FIR), and the near-perfect match between the total and polarized IR bumps, indicate that dust emission from aligned dust grains becomes dominant at 10–100 μm, with a large polarization of 10% at a nearly constant PA. This result suggests that a coherent dusty and magnetic field structure dominates the 10–100 μm emission around the AGN.
Discovery of Interstellar Isocyanogen (CNCN): Further Evidence that Dicyanopolyynes Are Abundant in Space*
Authors: Agúndez M. , Marcelino N. , Cernicharo J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
It is thought that dicyanopolyynes could potentially be abundant interstellar molecules; though, their lack of a dipole moment makes it impossible to detect them through radioastronomical techniques. Recently, the simplest member of this chemical family, cyanogen (NCCN), was indirectly probed for the first time in interstellar space through the detection of its protonated form toward the dense clouds L483 and TMC-1. Here we present a second set of firm evidence indicating the presence of NCCN in interstellar space, namely the detection of the metastable and polar isomer isocyanogen (CNCN). This species has been identified in L483 and tentatively in TMC-1 by observing various rotational transitions in the λ 3 mm band with the IRAM 30 m telescope. We derive beam-averaged column densities for CNCN of 1.6 × 1012 cm−2 in L483 and 9 × 1011 cm−2 in TMC-1, which imply fractional abundances relative to H2 in the range of (5–9) × 10−11. While the presence of NCCN in interstellar clouds seems undoubtable due to the detection of NCCNH+ and CNCN, putting tight constraints on its abundance is still hampered by the poor knowledge of the chemistry that links NCCN with NCCNH+ and especially with CNCN. We estimate that NCCN could be fairly abundant, in the range of 10−9–10−7 relative to H2, such as other abundant nitriles like HCN and HC3N.
Saisir les conséquences d’une politique à partir de ses ressortissants
Authors: Revillard Anne 
Published: July 2018

Résumé À la différence d’autres séquences telles que la mise sur agenda ou la mise en œuvre, la science politique s’est relativement moins intéressée au moment dans lequel les politiques publiques produisent des conséquences chez leurs ressortissants individuels. Les processus en jeu mêlent effets directs de l’action publique et appropriations par les individus, et ils ont des dimensions aussi bien objectives que subjectives. Nous proposons d’en rendre compte à partir de l’idée de réception de l’action publique. Cet article précise les implications théoriques et méthodologiques de cette approche. Il identifie deux modalités complémentaires d’étude de ces processus de réception, qui diffèrent par leur échelle d’analyse : celle de l’instrument et celle du secteur d’action publique.
Des instruments contestés
Authors: Aust Jérôme , Gozlan Clémentine 
Published: July 2018

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse aux contestations qu’ont générées les réformes récentes de la recherche, en prenant l’exemple des dispositifs de classements et de financement de la recherche sur projets. Ces instruments voient le jour bien avant qu’ils ne commencent à être critiqués : comment comprendre le décalage entre naissance des instruments et émergence des mouvements contestataires ? Réciproquement, la carrière de ces instruments est-elle sensible à la critique, et dans quelle mesure ? Nous montrons que l’émergence des critiques et leur influence sur les instruments s’éclairent au croisement des caractéristiques des mouvements sociaux et des reconfigurations que connaissent les instruments.
Utilité et sécurité dans la pensée internationale de Jeremy Bentham
Authors: Rimoux Frédéric 
Published: July 2018

Résumé La pensée internationale de Jeremy Bentham reste méconnue et mal comprise. Parce qu’ils se focalisent à l’excès sur le célèbre essai « A Plan for an Universal and Perpetual Peace », les commentateurs la rattachent généralement à la tradition libérale en lui rendant un hommage convenu ou en critiquant sa supposée naïveté. Ce faisant, ils méconnaissent certains aspects essentiels de la pensée de J. Bentham, en particulier sa volonté constante de concilier les deux antagonismes jaloux que sont la liberté et la sécurité. J. Bentham a ainsi élaboré une synthèse fragile entre les principes libéraux et les considérations du réalisme politique, qui lui confère une place singulière dans les efforts de définition systématique des conditions de la paix et de la sécurité internationale.
La neuroéthique : histoire, actualité et prospective
Authors: Charmetant Eric 
Published: July 2018

L’histoire méconnue de la double naissance indépendante de la neuroéthique en 1973 et 2002 est révélatrice du besoin de constituer un champ propre de réflexion bioéthique face à des expérimentations médicales sur le développement sensori-moteur de l’enfant et plus largement face à l’impact éthique des neurosciences sur la pratique médicale aussi bien dans le diagnostic que la thérapeutique. Les usages médicaux de l’imagerie cérébrale et des modifications cérébrales par stimulation ou par neuropharmacologie sont une bonne illustration de l’actualité de la neuroéthique. Jusqu’où aller dans les risques d’altération de la personnalité des patients ? Sur le plan sociétal, le neurodroit et la neuroéducation sont les champs principaux de la neuroéthique. Jusqu’où les neurosciences peuvent-elles contribuer à modifier le droit et l’éducation ?
Neurosciences et libre arbitre. Le débat allemand
Authors: Schick Benedikt 
Published: July 2018

Sommes-nous vraiment libres ? Ces quarante dernières années, les neurosciences sont venues poser cette question avec une acuité particulière. De nombreuses expériences ont abouti à des résultats, que certains neuroscientifiques, et notamment en Allemagne, ont interprétés dans le sens d’une condamnation du libre arbitre au rang d’une simple illusion. Pour évaluer la pertinence de telles critiques, il faut d’abord revenir sur quelques-unes de ces expériences (Libet, Wegner et Wheatley, Brasil-Neto et alii ), afin de pouvoir ensuite disjoindre leurs résultats empiriques des conceptions métaphysiques qui sous-tendent leurs interprétations. Cette démarche conduit à proposer en conclusion quelques éléments de contre-critique.
Vaincre le mal par la joie. Lecture de Nietzsche
Authors: Alfort Bérengère 
Published: July 2018

Nietzsche nous a rappelé que la vie est située par-delà le bien et le mal . Dans le contexte de la « mort de Dieu », ces deux notions n’apparaissent plus comme des vérités, mais comme des valeurs. Cela n’empêche pas Nietzsche de penser le mal. Il apparaît, d’abord, comme souffrance. Cependant, cette souffrance, en un sens, n’est pas réelle, car elle est l’occasion pour le soi, identifié au corps, d’un dépassement, in fine , par la joie. Loin d’être semblable à la vengeance, qui réagit , en commettant, en rendant le mal, sans commencer par agir, la joie apparaît comme la solution qui délivre, au sens fort, de l’enfermement dans le mal que je subis. Et, surtout, la joie me permet d’accéder à une véritable compassion – si on entend la joie en tant que Tiers. Elle réunit les sujets souffrants et, par là, les sauve du mal. Même si Nietzsche critique la religion chrétienne, ne procède-t-il pas là à une œuvre salutaire – d’amour ?
Quelques réflexions sur des tâches toujours présentes – en marge d’une collection
Authors: de Gramont Jérôme 
Published: July 2018

Considérations rétrospectives et prospectives à propos du rapport « philosophie & théologie » et des travaux publiés depuis vingt ans dans la collection qui porte ce nom. Quelles leçons du passé (métaphysique), quelles tâches pour aujourd’hui (phénoménologie), quel kairos ?
Aquatic silk proteins in Chironomus: A review
Authors: Thorat Leena J. , Nath Bimalendu B. 
Published: July 2018

Silk proteins secreted by salivary glands in the dipteran insect, Chironomus play a significant role as proteinaceous adhesives for construction of underwater housing nests by larvae. To date, only three Chironomus species, C. tentans Fabricius, C. pallidivittatus Malloch and C. riparius Meigen have been explored for characterization of their aquatic silk protein. Genes coding for silk proteins are located on specific chromosomal ‘puffs’ called Balbiani rings as well as non-Balbiani ring regions. Expression of these genes is closely regulated by developmental and hormonal alterations and environmental factors. Furthermore, pilot studies have postulated that silk proteins probably occur in diverse size classes grouped into large (~1000 kDa), intermediate (100-200 kDa) and small (≤100 kDa). Barring few preliminary reports that date back to the 1990s, the physical and bioproperties of silk from chironomid midges remain largely unknown, leading to paucity of updated information. This review was therefore aimed to compile existing literature database and to highlight the wide possibilities for commercialization of midge larval silk as a novel biopolymer.
Adult exogenous lipoid pneumonia: A rare and underrecognized entity in cytology – A case series
Authors: Sung Simon , Tazelaar Henry D. , Crapanzano John P. , Nassar Aziza , Saqi Anjali 
Published: July 2018

Background:Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is a rare benign entity without specific clinical or imaging presentation. Although cytological studies – either bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or fine-needle aspiration (FNA) – may be pursued in patients with ELP, a definitive diagnosis is frequently rendered only on histology. The aim of this study is to highlight the cytological features of ELP.Methods:A search of cytopathology (CP) and surgical pathology (SP) diagnoses of ELP was conducted. The corresponding clinical and imaging features were obtained, and the morphology, particularly the presence and size of the intracytoplasmic vacuoles and background, was assessed.Results:Nine cases of ELP were identified, including eight with corresponding CP and SP. A neoplasm was suspected in three based on imaging, but ELP was not in the differential clinically or radiographically in any. Among the cases, six patients had BALs and three FNAs. All of the samples showed multiple large vacuoles within macrophages with at least some equal to or larger than the size of the cell nucleus. Similar vacuoles were noted extracellularly on smears.Conclusions:ELP is typically described in case reports in the clinical or radiological literature. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the largest series of adult ELP in CP. When large vacuoles are present in macrophages in cytology specimens, at least a suspicion of ELP can be suggested to initiate appropriate therapy, identify/remove the inciting agent, and preclude a more invasive procedure.
Geographical pattern of carcinoma gallbladder in Bihar and its association with river Ganges and arsenic levels: Retrospective individual consecutive patient data from Regional Cancer Centre
Authors: Madhawi Richa , Pandey Avinash , Raj Shraddha , Mandal Manish , Devi Seema , Sinha Prabhat Kumar , Singh Rajesh Kumar 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background: Indo-Gangetic basin is known to have higher incidence of gallbladder cancer. Proximity to River Ganga and high heavy metal in soil exposure have been postulated as risk factors. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the geographical pattern of gallbladder cancer from consecutive patient database enrolled in hospital-based cancer registry (HBCR). Objectives: To evaluate demographic profile and districtwise/zonewise dispersion of gallbladder cancer cases registered in HBCR from year 2014 to 2016. To evaluate association of carcinoma gallbladder (CaGB) due to proximity of Ganges, districts of high soil arsenic levels and referral bias. Materials and Methods: Demographic profile and district-based location of individual consecutive gallbladder cancer patient registered in Regional Cancer Centre from the year 2014 till 2016 were analyzed. Population data from 2011 census and arsenic soil content data from central groundwater body were obtained. Frequency distribution, cross tabulation, and odds ratio were used to analyze risk of CaGB across population subsets in Bihar. Results: A total of 1291 consecutive patients of CaGB were registered from 2014 to 2016. Median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range 18–95 years). Male to female ratio was 0.6. Patna (16%) followed by Vaishali (5.8%), Sitamarhi (5%), Madhubani (4.7%), Gaya (4%), and Samastipur (4%) had highest cases. Districts along main central River Ganga (n = 12) and those exposed to high arsenic soil content (n = 15) had higher odds ratio for CaGB, 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54–1.91, P = 0.001), and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.30–1.62, P = 0.001), respectively. Districts within 100 km radius of our institute had higher gallbladder cancer cases, odds ratio 1.81 (95% CI: 1.62–2.03, P = 0.001), suggesting significant referral bias predominantly contributed by cases registered under Patna and Vaishali districts. Conclusion: CaGB is major public health problem in Bihar. Exposure to high soil arsenic levels and proximity to River Ganga are strongly associated with gallbladder cancer. Systematic population-based longitudinal studies are needed to explore above hypothesis.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: An institutional analysis
Authors: Gogia Ajay , Das Chandan K. , Kumar Lalit , Sharma Atul , Tiwari Akash , Sharma M.C , Mallick Soumya 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We conducted a retrospective study to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics, cell of origin, response to therapy, and the outcome of patients with DLBCL. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study which included all patients with DLBCL registered at our center, between May 1, 2013, and July 31, 2015. The data regarding demography, clinical presentation, histopathology, stage, prognostic index, treatment, and treatment-related outcome were collected from prospectively maintained clinical case records of the patients. Results: In the study, we included 267 patients. The median age is 49 (20–81) years with male: female ratio of 2:1. B symptoms were seen in 124 (45%) of patients. Early Stages (I and II) were seen in 130 (52%) patients, while advanced Stages (III and 1V) were seen in 119 (48%) patients. Bulky disease (>7.5 cm) was seen in 30% of cases, and bone marrow was involved in 12%. Extranodal involvement is present in 35% of cases. Cell of origin data was available in 160 (60%) of cases, of which 88 (55%) were germinal center and 72 (45%) were activated B cell in origin. The distribution according to the international prognostic index (IPI) was as follows: low risk 40%, intermediate risk 45%, and high risk in 15%. Rituximab was used in 45% of cases. The overall response rate was 84% with a complete response (CR) rate of 70.5%. The CR rates were better with RCHOP compared with CHOP (77% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.001) and good-risk IPI (83.3% vs. 65.2%, P < 0.001) compared with intermediate- and high-risk IPI. Median follow-up period was 24 months, and 2-year event-free survival (EFS) was 70%. The presence of B symptoms, high IPI, failure to attain CR, poor PS, and nonrituximab-based chemotherapy were significantly associated with lower EFS. Conclusions: This is the first study from India, which investigated the impact of chemotherapy with or without rituximab in context of cell of origin. Adding rituximab to CHOP showed better response rate and EFS irrespective of cell of origin.
Breast-conserving radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost; field-in-field three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy versus inverse intensity-modulated radiotherapy – A dosimetric comparison: Do we need intensity-modulated radiotherapy?
Authors: Joseph Bindhu , Farooq Nisma , Kumar Sabari , Vijay C.R , Puthur Kurian J. , Ramesh C. , Lokesh Vishwanath 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background and Purpose: To examine the feasibility of improving breast-conserving radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) and analyzing the efficiency of forward versus inverse intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques in providing the same. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) field-in-field (FIF) plans with simultaneous and sequential boost and IMRT SIB plans were generated for the datasets of 20 patients who had undergone breast-conserving surgery. The 3 plans were compared dosimetrically for efficiency in terms of planning target volume (PTV) coverage (PTV 95%), homogeneity and conformity, dose delivered to ipsilateral/contralateral lungs (I/L: V10, V20, C/L: Vmean, V5), heart and contralateral breast (Vmean, V30 for heart and Vmean, V1, V5 for C/L breast). Results: The FIF 3DCRT plan with SIB (PLAN B) was more homogeneous than the classical technique with sequential boost (PLAN A). There were less hot spots in terms of Dmax (63.7 ± 1.3) versus Dmax (68.9 ± 1), P < 0.001 and boost V107%, B (0.3 ± 0.7) versus A (3.5 ± 5.99), P = 0.001. The IMRT SIB (PLAN C) did not provide any significant dosimetric advantage over the 3DCRT SIB technique. IMRT SIB plan C was associated with increased dose to contralateral lung in-terms of V5 (10.35 +/- 18.23) vs. (1.13 +/- 4.24), P = 0.04 and Vmean (2.12 ± 2.18) versus Vmean (0.595 ± 0.89), P = 0.008. There was 3-fold greater exposure in terms of Monitor Unit (MU) (1024.9 ± 298.32 versus 281.05 ± 20.23, P < 0.001) and treatment delivery time. Conclusions: FIF 3DCRT SIB provides a dosimetrically acceptable and technically feasible alternative to the classical 3DCRT plan with sequential boost for breast-conserving radiotherapy. It reduces treatment time by 2 weeks. IMRT SIB does not appear to have any dosimetric advantage; it is associated with significantly higher doses to contralateral lung and heart and radiation exposure in terms of MU.
Considering values in the sport experiences of wheelchair basketball players
Authors: Pezdek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe paper aims to discuss a diversity of sport experiences in individuals with physical disabilities who are members of a wheelchair basketball club. The sample of the study consisted of 10 males with physical disabilities (aged 18–40 years).MethodsThe study used in-depth interviews, and a systems method was applied to analyse the interview data. The method allows for examining sport as a value which is neither fully autonomous nor predetermined.ResultsDespite the differences in the sample, it can be assumed that players with physical disabilities experience sport in similar ways. However, their experiences may differ in terms of kinds, forms, contents, positions, and functions of sport. This diversity represents the dynamics of relations, interactions, and interdependences among values in the participants’ respective axiological systems. Besides, it also reflects the ways in which the participants perceive themselves in the context of multiple practices of daily life.ConclusionsAn essential difference between the experience of players from various countries may therefore lie chiefly in the context (e.g. social, economic, political) in which players function and in which they realize particular values. Further research should take this context into account and investigate in particular its dependencies and relations with other values, such as health, physical ability, work, education, etc. Also, research concerning how sport is experienced from the perspective of different types and levels of disability or from the perspective of gender could prove interesting.
A novel intervention program (CricFit) for the strength and conditioning of adolescent cricket players
Authors: Pote Lee , Christie Candice 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of the current investigation was to examine the effects of a 4-week field-based intervention program (CricFit) on general fitness, with the program designed to reflect the demands of the game in an adolescent population.MethodsThe total of 28 schoolboy cricketers (aged 15–19 years) were assigned to either a control (<i>n</i> = 14) or experimental (<i>n</i> = 14) group. Both groups performed traditional net and field-based training over a 4-week period (one net- and one field-based session), with the experimental group executing 2 additional 35–45-minute conditioning sessions per week. Prior to and post the 4-week period, measures were recorded with a test battery that was specific to the movement demands associated with intermittent sports.ResultsBoth groups showed significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improvements in most responses, but the changes for the experimental group were greater than those shown in the control group, likely owing to the additional conditioning sessions. Furthermore, significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) changes were observed between the two groups for the percentage body fat, flexibility, plank time, 20-m sprint time, push ups, and 25-m shuttle distance.ConclusionsIt was concluded that the CricFit intervention program can be used by coaches and conditioning specialists to improve cricket-specific fitness throughout the pre-season period.