bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left atrial shape predicts recurrence after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation
Authors: Bieging Erik T. , Morris Alan , Wilson Brent D. , McGann Christopher J. , Marrouche Nassir F. , Cates Joshua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionMultiple markers left atrium (LA) remodeling, including LA shape, correlate with outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF). Catheter ablation is an important treatment of AF, but better tools are needed to determine which patients will benefit. In this study, we use particle‐based modeling to quantitatively assess LA shape, and determine to what degree it predicts AF recurrence after catheter ablation.Methods and resultsThere were 254 patients enrolled in the DECAAF study who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of the LA prior to AF ablation and were followed for recurrence for up to 475 days. We performed particle‐based shape modeling on each patient's LA shape. We selected shape parameters using the LASSO method and factor analysis, and then added them to a Cox regression model, which included multiple clinical parameters and LA fibrosis. We computed Harrell's C‐statistic with and without shape in the model. We used the model to stratify patients into recurrence risk classes by both shape and shape and fibrosis combined. Three shape parameters were selected for inclusion. The C‐statistic increased from 0.68 to 0.72 when shape was added to the model (P < 0.05). Visualized shapes showed that a more round LA shape with a shorter, more laterally rotated appendage was predictive of recurrence.ConclusionLA shape is an independent predictor of recurrence after AF ablation. When combined with LA fibrosis, shape analysis using PBM may improve patient selection for ablation.
Arrhythmia‐specific settings for automated high‐density mapping: A multicenter experience
Authors: Sommer Philipp , Albenque Jean‐Paul , van Driel Vincent , Pierre Bertrand , Tondo Claudio , Roithinger Franz Xaver , Poty Hervé , Miller Amber , Della Bella Paolo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdvancements in electrophysiology 3‐D mapping systems facilitate the broadening scope of electrophysiology study and catheter ablation to treat complex arrhythmias. While electroanatomical mapping systems have default settings available for a variety of mapping parameters, significant operator customization driven by arrhythmia type and experience can occur. However, multicenter comprehensive reporting of customized mapping settings is lacking.MethodsIn this prospective, multicenter observational registry, subjects with cardiac arrhythmias underwent electrophysiology study and ablation procedure using the EnSite Precision™ electroanatomical mapping system per standard of care, and associated automated mapping thresholds and procedural characteristics were observed.ResultsCardiac mapping and ablation was performed in 503 patients (64.4% male, 59.6 ± 13.2 years) for a variety of indications including atrial fibrillation (N = 277), atrial flutter (N = 67), other supraventricular tachycardias (N = 96), and ventricular tachycardia (N = 56). Automated electroanatomical mapping was used to generate 88.2% of all maps, and arrhythmia‐specific adjustments of mapping thresholds were utilized to collect electrophysiologically relevant data. The most commonly used thresholds for mapping in AF were Distance (average 2.7 ± 3.5 mm) and Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (5.2 ± 1.1), while mapping in VT commonly used Score (88.5 ± 6.5%) and Distance (0.6 ± 0.5 mm). Automated mapping collected and utilized 8.8 times more data than manual mapping without increasing mapping time.ConclusionsThis registry revealed arrhythmia‐specific automated mapping settings used to generate electroanatomical maps of multiple cardiac rhythms with higher point density than manual mapping without increasing mapping time. Commonly used mapping threshold settings could serve as an important reference for new automated electroanatomical mapping users or those expanding their usage to new indications and arrhythmias.
High‐power and short‐duration ablation for pulmonary vein isolation: Safety, efficacy, and long‐term durability
Authors: Barkagan Michael , Contreras‐Valdes Fernando M. , Leshem Eran , Buxton Alfred E. , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Anter Elad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionPV reconnection is often the result of catheter instability and tissue edema. High‐power short‐duration (HP‐SD) ablation strategies have been shown to improve atrial linear continuity in acute pre‐clinical models. This study compares the safety, efficacy, and long‐term durability of HP‐SD ablation with conventional ablation.Methods and resultsIn 6 swine, 2 ablation lines were performed anterior and posterior to the crista terminalis, in the smooth and trabeculated right atrium, respectively; and the right superior PV was isolated. In 3 swine, ablation was performed using conventional parameters (Thermocool‐Smarttouch® SF; 30 W/30 seconds) and in 3 other swine using HP‐SD parameters (QDOT‐MICRO™, 90 W/4 seconds). After 30 days, linear integrity was examined by voltage mapping and pacing, and the heart and surrounding tissues were examined by histopathology. Acute line integrity was achieved with both ablation strategies; however, HP‐SD ablation required 80% less RF time compared with conventional ablation (P ≤ 0.01 for all lines). Chronic line integrity was higher with HP‐SD ablation: all 3 posterior lines were continuous and transmural compared to only 1 line created by conventional ablation. In the trabeculated tissue, HP‐SD ablation lesions were wider and of similar depth with 1 of 3 lines being continuous compared to 0 of 3 using conventional ablation. Chronic PVI without stenosis was evident in both groups. There were no steam‐pops. Pleural markings were present in both strategies, but parenchymal lung injury was only evident with conventional ablation.ConclusionsHP‐SD ablation strategy results in improved linear continuity, shorter ablation time, and a safety profile comparable to conventional ablation.
Binomial sampling plan for tomato russet mite (Aculopslycopersici (Tryon) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in protected tomato crops
Authors: Moerkens Rob , Vanlommel Wendy , Reybroeck Eva , Wittemans Lieve , De Clercq Patrick , Van Leeuwen Thomas , De Vis Raf 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe tomato russet mite (TRM), Aculops lycopersici, is a worldwide pest of cultivated tomatoes. Currently, no effective biological control agents are available on the market. Therefore, chemical spray applications are required. Fast and reliable detection, monitoring and evaluation of interventions are a challenge, slowing down the development of an appropriate integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. This study describes a binomial sampling plan with the aim to reduce the efforts and costs for an accurate monitoring of A. lycopersici. Sampling was performed by taking pictures of the upper leaf surface with a smartphone through an attached magnification lens. A binomial sampling plan was developed based on the linear relationship between ln(mean TRM densities) and ln(−ln(1‐PT), where PT is the proportion of samples with more than T (tally threshold) mites. The minimum precision threshold of 0.30 was determined for the different models. A resampling for validation of sample plans (RVSP) programme with a fixed sample number was used for validation of the model on an independent data set. The binomial sampling plans were validated at tally thresholds of T = 9 and T = 15 with fixed sample sizes of 15, 20, 25 and 30. Precision levels were satisfying within a range of PT‐values from 0.29 to 0.97 for T = 15 at a fixed sample size of 20. This range was much smaller for T = 9, where the PT‐values range between 0.40 and 0.92 at the same sample size. A binomial sampling model with T = 9 with a fixed sample size of 15, which has the lowest time investment, is feasible for glasshouse tomato growers in practice. However, for the development of pest management programmes, a more intensive and more accurate binomial sampling plan with T = 15 and a sample size of minimum 20 is suggested.
Wolbachiastrains, and lack of genetic diversity and parthenogenesis in Brazilian populations ofTuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Carvalho Gislaine A. , S. Corrêa Alberto , de Oliveria Luiz Orlando , Chediak Mateus , Siqueira Herbert Á. A. , Guedes Raul Narciso C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe pheromone‐based control of the invasive tomato pinwormTuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has been unsatisfactory in some cases, and parthenogenesis was reported in this species. As the parthenogenesis phenomena is a shortcoming that compromises the pheromone‐based control ofT. absolutaand that is potentially explained by the occurrence of the endosymbiontWolbachiain this pest species, the objectives of this study were (i) to survey theWolbachiastrains in Brazilian pinworm populations, (ii) to assess the genetic diversity in the tomato pinworm, and (iii) to determine whether parthenogenesis does occur associated with the most representative combination of insect haplotype andWolbachiastrain. The 10 insect populations were infected with twoWolbachiastrains (ST41 andST354), with infection rates ranging from 70% to 100%. The insect genetic diversity was low with a single haplotype group present for both mitochondrial and nuclearDNAmarkers. The most representative combination of pinworm‐Wolbachiaproduced 6.88 ± 1.70 eggs per unmated female, all of which were inviable. Thus,Wolbachiainfection does not lead to either parthenogenesis or pheromone‐based control failure among Brazilian populations of the tomato pinworm, but likely favours cytoplasmic incompatibility, which is also potentially useful as a pest management tool.
Origin, age, and significance of deep‐seated granulite‐facies migmatites in the Barrow zones of Scotland, Cairn Leuchan, Glen Muick area
Authors: Palin Richard M. , Sayed Abdul B. , White Richard W. , Mertz‐Kraus Regina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPetrological modelling of granulite‐facies mafic and semipelitic migmatites from Cairn Leuchan, northeast Scotland, has provided new constraints on the pressure (P) and temperature (T) conditions of high‐grade metamorphism in the type‐locality Barrow zones. Phase diagrams constructed in the Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O2system have constrained theP−Tconditions of peak metamorphism in the Glen Muick region of the upper sillimanite zone (Sill+Kfs) to have been at least ∼840°C at ∼9 kbar (high‐Pgranulite facies). These conditions are ∼120°C and ∼3 kbar higher than those recorded by lower sillimanite zone (Sill+Ms) units located only a few kilometres away to the southeast at Glen Girnock, indicating the presence of a significant thermal and barometric high exposed within the Scottish Dalradian, and supporting previous suppositions of a potential tectonic break between the two regions. U–Pb zircon geochronology performed on these mafic migmatites produced ages ofc. 540–470 Ma from grains with both igneous and metamorphic morphological characteristics. Their basaltic protoliths likely formed during a period of volcanism dated atc. 570 Ma, associated with passive‐margin extension prior to the onset of Iapetus Ocean closure, and high‐grade metamorphism and partial melting is interpreted to have taken place atc. 470 Ma, synchronous with sillimanite‐grade metamorphism recorded elsewhere in the Dalradian. These high‐grade Cairn Leuchan lithologies are interpreted as representing a fragment of Grampian Terrane lower crust that was exhumed via displacement along a steeply dipping tectonic discontinuity related to the Portsoy–Duchray Hill Lineament, and are not pre‐Caledonian Mesoproterozoic basement, as suggested by some previous studies. Veins within some mafic migmatites in the Cairn Leuchan area, composed almost entirely (>80%) of garnet, with minor quartz, plagioclase, amphibole, and clinopyroxene, are interconnected with leucosomes and are interpreted to represent former garnet‐bearing melt segregations that have been locally drained of almost all melt. Thus, mafic components of the lower crust, currently underlying relatively lower grade metasediments exposed to the southeast, may represent a potential source rock for widely documented, post‐orogenic felsic plutons, sills, and dykes that occur throughout the Grampian Terrane.
Multiple sleep latency test in narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Huang Yu‐Shu , Guilleminault Christian , Lin Cheng‐Hui , Chen Chia‐Hsiang , Chin Wei‐Chih , Chen Tzu‐Shuang 
Published: May 2018

SummaryExcessively sleepy teenagers and young adults without sleep‐disordered breathing are diagnosed with either narcolepsy type 1 or narcolepsy type 2, or hypersomnia, based on the presence/absence of cataplexy and the results of a multiple sleep latency test. However, there is controversy surrounding this nomenclature. We will try to find the differences between different diagnoses of hypersomnia from the results of the long‐term follow‐up evaluation of a sleep study. We diagnosed teenagers who had developed excessive daytime sleepiness based on the criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd edition. Each individual received the same clinical neurophysiologic testing every year for 5 years after the initial diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1 (n = 111) or type 2 (n = 46). The follow‐up evaluation demonstrated that narcolepsy type 1 (narcolepsy‐cataplexy) is a well‐defined clinical entity, with very reproducible clinical neurophysiologic findings over time, whereas patients with narcolepsy type 2 presented clear clinical and test variability. By the fifth year of the follow‐up evaluation, 17.6% of subjects did not meet the diagnostic criteria of narcolepsy type 2, and 23.9% didn't show any two sleep‐onset rapid eye movement periods in multiple sleep latency during the 5‐year follow‐up. Therefore narcolepsy type 1 (narcolepsy‐cataplexy) is a well‐defined syndrome, with the presentation clearly related to the known consequences of destruction of hypocretin/orexin neurons. Narcolepsy type 2 covers patients with clinical and test variability over time, thus bringing into question the usage of the term “narcolepsy” to label these patients.
Hepatorenal syndrome in the era of acute kidney injury
Authors: Solé Cristina , Pose Elisa , Solà Elsa , Ginès Pere 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of patients with advanced cirrhosis that it is associated with increased hospital admissions and decreased survival. The definition of AKI in cirrhosis has been recently modified and the new diagnostic criteria are based on small changes in serum creatinine with respect to previous values, occurring within a short period of time. The use of this new definition may lead to an earlier identification of renal impairment and better prognostic stratification. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a unique form of AKI developing in patients with end‐stage liver disease. Systemic circulatory dysfunction and marked kidney vasoconstriction play a key role in the development of HRS. The modification of the definition of AKI has also led to a change in the diagnostic criteria of HRS. The new diagnostic criteria are based on AKI stages and there is no need to reach a specific serum creatinine threshold. According to these new criteria, treatment with vasoconstrictors and albumin for the management of HRS will be started at lower serum creatinine values, with expected higher response rates. Finally, there are consistent data showing that some urine biomarkers, particularly NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin), may be useful in daily clinical practice for the differential diagnosis of the cause of AKI in cirrhosis.
Hepatitis E virus–associated cryoglobulinemia in solid‐organ–transplant recipients
Authors: Marion Olivier , Abravanel Florence , Del Bello Arnaud , Esposito Laure , Lhomme Sebastien , Puissant‐Lubrano Bénédicte , Alric Laurent , Faguer Stanislas , Izopet Jacques , Kamar Nassim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsAn association between hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and cryoglobulinemia has been suggested. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of cryoglobulinemia duringHEVinfection in solid‐organ–transplant (SOT) recipients, to describe its outcomes under ribavirin therapy and to evaluate its effects on kidney function and histology.MethodsBetween November 2005 and June 2016, 128 cases ofHEVinfection were diagnosed amongSOTrecipients followed in our institution. Cryoglobulinemia data obtained from 66 patients during acute‐phaseHEVand 51 patients during chronic‐phaseHEVwere compared to a historical control group of 89SOTrecipients withoutHEVmarkers. Cryoglobulins were also monitored in a group of 43 patients treated by ribavirin.ResultsThe prevalence of cryoglobulinemia was increased inHEV‐infectedSOTpatients during a chronic phase (52.9%) compared toHEV‐infectedSOTpatients at acute phase (36.4%) (P = .1) and toHEV‐negativeSOTpatients (23.6%) (P < .001).HEVinfection was identified as an independent predictive factor for cryoglobulinemia (OR2.3, CI 95%: 1.17‐4.55,P = .02). After ribavirin therapy andHEVclearance, the prevalence of cryoglobulin was significantly decreased from 53.5% to 20.9% (P = .003). Kidney function was significantly worse and proteinuria tended to be higher in chronicallyHEV‐infected patients with cryoglobulinemia compared to those without cryoglobulinemia. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in 2 patients, of which 1 had detectable cryoglobulinemia.ConclusionsIn conclusion, a relationship betweenHEVand cryoglobulin formation seems to exist. However, the clinical impact of cryoglobulinemia inSOTpatients infected withHEVhas to be confirmed.
Hydrochemistry of Lake Rara: A high mountain lake in western Nepal
Authors: Gurung Smriti , Gurung Anu , Sharma Chhatra M. , Jüttner Ingrid , Tripathee Lekhendra , Bajracharya Roshan M. , Raut Nani , Pradhananga Preety , Sitaula Bishal K. , Zhang Yulan , Kang Shichang , Guo Junming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh altitude ecosystems have important natural ecological functions but are under increasing impacts from human activities and climate change. A detailed analysis of the water chemistry of Lake Rara, a high mountain lake in western Nepal, was carried out in October 2015 and April 2016. A total of 31 water samples were collected. Major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42−, NO3− and Cl−) were analysed by ion chromatography. Si and PO43− were analysed following the standard protocols. Conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured on‐site. The lake is oligotrophic characterized by low PO43− concentration (0.06 ± 0.01 mg/L), high DO values (6.73 ± 0.06 and 10.89 ± 0.86 mg/L), alkaline pH (8.42 ± 0.3 and 8.32 ± 0.23) and low conductivity (189.93 ± 5.3 and 189.22 ± 5.8 μS/cm). The concentrations of the major cations were in the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+ (during both seasons), and for anions, it was HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− and HCO3− > Cl− > NO3− > SO42− during postmonsoon and premonsoon, respectively. One‐way ANOVA revealed significant seasonal variations (p < 0.05) in most of the physicochemical parameters. The increased concentrations of most of the ions in the premonsoon time probably reflect long‐range transport of materials through dry deposition, whereas higher concentrations of NO3− and Cl− in some sites possibly reflect the localized impacts of settlement and grazing. The lake water was classified as Ca(Mg)HCO3. High (Ca2+ + Mg2+)/Tz+ ratio (0.97 in postmonsoon and 0.95 in premonsoon) and low (Na+ + K+)/Tz+ ratio (0.03 in postmonsoon and 0.04 in premonsoon) confirm carbonate weathering as the principal source of major ions with bedrock geology governing the water chemistry. The findings of this study build on the baseline dataset for assessing future anthropogenic influence on the lake and subsequent development for future lake management strategies.
Legumes versus rhizobia: a model for ongoing conflict in symbiosis
Authors: Sachs Joel L. , Quides Kenjiro W. , Wendlandt Camille E. 
Published: May 2018

Contents

Summary
1199

I.
Introduction
1199

II.
Selecting beneficial symbionts: one problem, many solutions
1200

III.
Control and conflict over legume nodulation
1201

IV.
Control and conflict over nodule growth and senescence
1204

V.
Conclusion
1204

Acknowledgements
1205

References
1205

SummaryThe legume–rhizobia association is a powerful model of the limits of host control over microbes. Legumes regulate the formation of root nodules that house nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia and adjust investment into nodule development and growth. However, the range of fitness outcomes in these traits reveals intense conflicts of interest between the partners. New work that we review and synthesize here shows that legumes have evolved varied mechanisms of control over symbionts, but that host control is often subverted by rhizobia. An outcome of this conflict is that both legumes and rhizobia have evolved numerous traits that can improve their own short‐term fitness in this interaction, but little evidence exists for any net improvement in the joint trait of nitrogen fixation.
Regulatory actions of 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate on osteoclast function: possible roles of Epac‐mediated signaling
Authors: Jeevaratnam Kamalan , Salvage Samantha C. , Li Mengye , Huang Christopher L.‐H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlterations in cellular levels of the second messenger 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate ([cAMP]i) regulate a wide range of physiologically important cellular signaling processes in numerous cell types. Osteoclasts are terminally differentiated, multinucleated cells specialized for bone resorption. Their systemic regulator, calcitonin, triggers morphometrically and pharmacologically distinct retraction (R) and quiescence (Q) effects on cell‐spread area and protrusion–retraction motility, respectively, paralleling its inhibition of bone resorption. Q effects were reproduced by cholera toxin‐mediated Gs‐protein activation known to increase [cAMP]i, unaccompanied by the [Ca2+]i changes contrastingly associated with R effects. We explore a hypothesis implicating cAMP signaling involving guanine nucleotide‐exchange activation of the small GTPase Ras‐proximate‐1 (Rap1) by exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Rap1 activates integrin clustering, cell adhesion to bone matrix, associated cytoskeletal modifications and signaling processes, and transmembrane transduction functions. Epac activation enhanced, whereas Epac inhibition or shRNA‐mediated knockdown compromised, the appearance of markers for osteoclast differentiation and motility following stimulation by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐Β ligand (RANKL). Deficiencies in talin and Rap1 compromised in vivo bone resorption, producing osteopetrotic phenotypes in genetically modified murine models. Translational implications of an Epac‐Rap1 signaling hypothesis in relationship to N‐bisphosphonate actions on prenylation and membrane localization of small GTPases are discussed.