bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Process of Becoming: A Roadmap to Evaluation in Indian Country
Authors: Martinez Art , Running Wolf Paulette , BigFoot Dolores Subia , Randall Carlette , Villegas Malia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhen tribal communities hear the word “evaluation,” it often invokes a reactive fear and a sense of disempowerment. This dynamic is based on the historical trauma experienced in tribal communities, as well as their continuing experience of deficit‐based evaluations. In addressing questions that are important for a western scientific audience, evaluators invariably overlook more relevant and valid areas of cultural learning and development. Such deficit‐based evaluation practices must be replaced by more culturally responsive evaluation practice that engages fully with tribal communities, and where all involved have a commitment to cultural ways of knowing and learning. Evaluation must embark upon the process of engaging with cultural strengths in a manner that empowers Indigenous communities and builds Indigenous knowledge. This allows for both the generation and honoring of Indigenous knowledge development. This chapter describes the process of developing an evaluation roadmap to do just this task within an American Indian child welfare context.
Clinical characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease and its related pattern in 18F‐FDG PET imaging
Authors: Wu Lei , Liu Feng‐Tao , Ge Jing‐Jie , Zhao Jue , Tang Yi‐Lin , Yu Wen‐Bo , Yu Huan , Anderson Tim , Zuo Chuan‐Tao , Chen Ling , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the clinical features and the related cerebral glucose metabolism pattern of cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We recruited 168 PD patients and 100 age‐matched healthy controls of similar education and gender distribution. All of those enrolled underwent clinical assessment including the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale motor score, Hoehn and Yahr scale, and comprehensive neuropsychological tests including domains of executive function, attention, memory, visuospatial function, and language. Demographics and the results of cognitive measures were compared between patients and healthy controls. Cognition status was classified as PD patients with dementia (PD‐D), PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI), or PD patients with normal cognition (PD‐NC). In 53 PD patients who underwent 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) PET imaging, correlations between Z‐score values of the different cognitive domains and cerebral 18F‐FDG uptake were assessed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) corrected for age and motor severity. A total of 23.2% of PD patients were PD‐MCI and 8.9% were PD‐D. In the group of PD‐MCI, 96.3% showed multiple‐domain deficits, with executive function and attention impairment most predominantly involved. All the cognitive domain scores with the exception of language correlated with 18F‐FDG metabolisms, primarily in posterior temporo‐parieto‐occipital association cortical areas. This study found that cognitive impairment in PD particularly encompasses frontal/executive deficits. Posterior cortical areas, containing multiple neurotransmitters and neural circuits, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in PD.
Can secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva predict a change in lung infection status in patients with cystic fibrosis? A prospective pilot study
Authors: Alanin Mikkel Christian , Pressler Tania , Aanaes Kasper , Ekstrøm Claus Thorn , Skov Marianne , Johansen Helle Krogh , Nielsen Kim G. , von Buchwald Christian , Høiby Niels 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Sinus colonization with P. aeruginosa often precedes intermittent lung colonization, and intermittent colonization precedes chronic infection.When P. aeruginosa colonizes the sinuses, elevated immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels specific against P. aeruginosa can be detected in saliva. Therefore, we hypothesized that increasing levels of IgA in saliva can be detected before P. aeruginosa lung colonization.MethodsForty‐nine CF patients free from lung colonization with P. aeruginosa or other Gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) were included in this prospective study. Saliva and serum samples were collected and examined for IgA antibodies against P. aeruginosa with at least 6‐month intervals between sequential samples.ResultsA total of 110 measurements of IgA in saliva were included. During a median of 8.5‐month follow‐up, 25 patients changed their lung infection status. We were able to construct a statistical model that for a given value of IgA in saliva, could predict the probability of a change in lung infection status within the next 8.5 months (median): p = 1 / (1 + exp(−(−0.9582 + 1.6518*IgA)). The model includes a prediction band where 95% of new measurements are predicted to fall within. The model, however, failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.056 1‐tailed), probably because of lack of power.ConclusionThe saliva IgA model may predict a worsening in lung infection status presumably acting as a surrogate marker of P. aeruginosa bacterial sinusitis. The model may identify patients at risk of subsequent lung colonization and, thus, be a helpful clinical tool, but it should be tested in studies with larger sample sizes to evaluate its utility.
Convex MR brain image reconstruction via non‐convex total variation minimization
Authors: Liu Yilin , Du Huiqian , Wang Zexian , Mei Wenbo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTotal variation (TV) regularization is a technique commonly utilized to promote sparsity of image in gradient domain. In this article, we address the problem of MR brain image reconstruction from highly undersampled Fourier measurements. We define the Moreau enhanced function of
norm, and introduce the minmax‐concave TV (MCTV) penalty as a regularization term for MR brain image reconstruction. MCTV strongly induces the sparsity in gradient domain, and fits the frame of fast algorithms (eg, ADMM) for solving optimization problems. Although MCTV is non‐convex, the cost function in each iteration step can maintain convexity by specifying the relative nonconvexity parameter properly. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in comparison with standard TV as well as non‐local TV minimization method, which suggests that MCTV may have promising applications in the field of neuroscience in the future.
Phosphorylation of Extracellular Bone Matrix Proteins and Its Contribution to Bone Fragility
Authors: Sroga Grażyna E , Vashishth Deepak 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Phosphorylation of bone matrix proteins is of fundamental importance to all vertebrates including humans. However, it is currently unknown whether increase or decline of total protein phosphorylation levels, particularly in hypophosphatemia-related osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and rickets, contribute to bone fracture. To address this gap, we combined biochemical measurements with mechanical evaluation of bone to discern fracture characteristics associated with age-related development of skeletal fragility in relation to total phosphorylation levels of bone matrix proteins and one of the key representatives of bone matrix phosphoproteins, osteopontin (OPN). Here for the first time, we report that as people age the total phosphorylation level declines by approximately 20% for bone matrix proteins and approximately 30% for OPN in the ninth decade of human life. Moreover, our results suggest that the decline of total protein phosphorylation of extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to bone fragility, but less pronouncedly than glycation. We theorize that the separation of two sources of OPN negative charges, acidic backbone amino acids and phosphorylation, would be nature's means of assuring that OPN functions in both energy dissipation and biomineralization. We propose that total phosphorylation decline could be an important contributor to the development of osteoporosis, increased fracture risk and skeletal fragility. Targeting the enzymes kinase FamC20 and bone alkaline phosphatase involved in the regulation of matrix proteins’ phosphorylation could be a means for the development of suitable therapeutic treatments. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Do birds of a feather flock, fly, and continue to fly together? The differential and cumulative effects of attraction, selection, and attrition on personality‐based within‐organization homogeneity and between‐organization heterogeneity progression over time
Authors: Oh In‐Sue , Han Joo Hun , Holtz Brian , Kim You Jin , Kim Seongsu 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe most fundamental proposition of attraction–selection–attrition (ASA) theory is that organizations progress toward homogeneity of personality over time through the processes of attraction, selection, and attrition. However, critical aspects of that proposition have remained untested, thus limiting a fuller understanding of the ASA theory. To close the gap, this multiwave, multisample, and multi‐inventory study examines the extent to which each of the ASA processes and different personality traits contribute to within‐organization homogeneity progression as well as between‐organization heterogeneity progression over time. Our findings suggest that both within‐organization homogeneity and between‐organization heterogeneity emerge to varying degrees over time and that selection, among the ASA processes, is most responsible for the within‐organization homogenization, whereas attraction contributes most to between‐organization heterogeneity. We also found that within‐organization homogeneity progression overall operates more strongly on extraversion than on the other personality traits, whereas between‐organization heterogeneity progression operates more strongly on neuroticism than on the other personality traits. Overall, this study provides an important extension to the ASA theory and useful insights into the organization‐level emergent process of personality‐based human capital resources. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of this study along with study limitations and future research directions.
Assessing soil contamination and temporal trends of heavy metal contents in greenhouses on semiarid land
Authors: Gil Carlos , Boluda Rafael , Rodríguez Martín José Antonio , Guzmán Miguel , del Moral Fernando , Ramos‐Miras Joaquín 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInformation about the behavior and temporal evolution of heavy metals in agricultural soils is limited, particularly about greenhouse soils on semiarid lands, indeed it nonexistent. Western Almería (Southern Spain) is a semiarid land where some 30,000 ha are occupied by greenhouses with high productivity. As these greenhouses are fundamental to the socioeconomic development of this area, they should be maintained and well conserved. However, there are indications that long‐term intensive agriculture with considerable agrochemicals use can deteriorate soil quality, which in turn, would reduce productivity and food quality. This study was conducted to investigate soil contamination and the temporal trends of heavy metal concentrations in greenhouse soils of western Almería. Contamination level, availability, and sources of metals were evaluated by the extractable fraction percentage, by indices zinc equivalent, geoaccumulation, enrichment factor and pollution load, and by a correlation analysis between soil properties and metal contents. The results showed that the total contents of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb, and the available concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, were significantly higher than background levels. Temporal patterns indicated that these elements accumulate in greenhouse soils. After more than 20 years of intensive agriculture, the available concentration of elements, and contamination, had clearly increased.
Measurement of methylamines in seawater using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography
Authors: Cree Charlotte H. L. , Airs Ruth , Archer Stephen D. , Fitzsimons Mark F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe methylamines form part of the marine organic nitrogen pool. Although they are ubiquitous in marine systems, little is known about their distribution, production, and fate in the marine environment. Analytical methods have been developed for their analysis in marine waters, but these have employed custom‐made apparatus, limiting data to a few studies. Here, we report a method developed for the determination of methylamines in seawater which combines headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography with selective nitrogen detection. Gaseous methylamines were pre‐concentrated from water samples (∼ 1 L) heated to 60 °C, onto a polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene SPME fiber located in the headspace of the extraction flask. The analytes were then thermally desorbed from the fiber in a gas chromatograph containing a CP‐Volamine column and a nitrogen–phosphorus detector. The method was routinely calibrated down to 1 nM for all three analytes using matrix‐matched external standards. Limits of detection were determined operationally and ranged from 0.4 nM to 2.9 nM during two sampling campaigns. The analytes were detected in seawater samples from the English Channel and Southern Ocean where concentrations up to 20 nM and 5.6 nM were measured, respectively, consistent with previously reported levels. We propose this method for the analysis of methylamines, and other low‐molecular weight amines, as it is sensitive, robust, and the necessary equipment is widely available.
Developments in Pressurized Gyration for the Mass Production of Polymeric Fibers
Authors: Heseltine Phoebe L. , Ahmed Jubair , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this invited feature article, the invention of pressurized gyration in 2013 and its subsequent development into sister processes such as pressurized melt gyration, infusion gyration, and pressure‐coupled infusion gyration is elucidated. The fundamentals of these processes are discussed, elucidating how these novel methods can be used to facilitate mass production of polymeric fibers and other morphologies. The effects of the main system parameters: rotational speed and gas pressure, are discussed along with the influence of solution parameters such as viscosity and polymer chain entanglement. The effect of flow of material into the gyrator in infused gyration is also illustrated. Examples of many polymers that have been subjected to these processes are discussed and the applications of resulting products are illustrated under several different research themes such as, tissue engineering, drug delivery, diagnostics, hydrogels, filtration, and wound healing.
A novel flame retardant containing calixarene and DOPO structures: Preparation and its application on the fire safety of polystyrene
Authors: Qian Xiaodong , Zheng Kaisheng , Lu Lingang , Wang Xuebao , Wang Huiyang 
Published: July 2018

A novel flame retardant (FR) containing phosphorus and calixarene structures was synthesized, and the FR combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was then incorporated into polystyrene (PS). The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the flame retardant composites were investigated. The limiting oxygen index can reach 21.0% when the mass ratio of FR/APP was 3:2. Char residues at 650°C in an air atmosphere increased from 2.2% to 21.5% notably when FR/APP was incorporated into PS matrix, indicating an improvement of thermo‐oxidation resistance. Compared to the virgin PS and FR/PS composites, the peak heat release rate of FR/APP/PS composites is reduced to 259.87 kW/m2 (PS8), indicating synergistic flame retardant effects between FR and APP. Generally, stable char layer of FR/APP/PS is responsible for the improved flame retardant properties, which not only effectively prevented the release of combustion gases but also protect the interior substrate from oxygen and heat permeation.
The accuracy of teachers' judgments for assessing young children's emerging literacy and math skills
Authors: Kowalski Kurt , Brown Rhonda Douglas , Pretti‐Frontczak Kristie , Uchida Chiharu , Sacks David F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBecause of developmental constraints on the types of assessment that can be used with young children, teachers’ judgments of students’ skills and abilities are a particularly important source of information in early education. The present study investigates the accuracy of these judgments by examining agreement between Prekindergarten teachers’ (n = 66) judgments of children's (n = 122) emerging math and literacy skills made with teacher rating scales and children's performance on a researcher‐administered demand performance assessment. Average agreement between measures was 71% for language and literacy items and 66% for math items. When disagreements occurred for language and literacy skills, they were more likely a result of teachers reporting that children had fewer skills than indicated by the demand performance assessment, rather than more. For math, teachers were equally likely to report either fewer or more math skills than indicated by the performance measure. Teachers’ over‐ and underestimations of children's skills were related to their ratings of the children's social‐emotional functioning and the type of skills being assessed. Children's gender and race were not related to teacher accuracy; neither were teacher education or years of experience.
Internationalization within school and educational psychology: Perspectives about positive indicators, critical considerations, and needs
Authors: Bernardo Allan B. I. , Begeny John C. , Earle Orlean Brown , Ginns Diana S. , del Pilar Grazioso Maria , Soriano‐Ferrer Manuel , Suzuki Haruna , Zapata Roxana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs the final paper within this special issue on Internationalization in School and Educational Psychology, this paper documents broad perspectives about internationalization from multiple school and educational psychologists who have worked in various contexts (e.g., in different professional roles and geographic locations). Based upon three core questions that contributors responded to, the paper systematically integrates all perspectives according to two primary categories: Strengths or Positive Indicators and Considerations, Concerns, and Needs. The former category is discussed with respect to three themes that emerged from contributors’ responses: (1) internationally focused scholarship, (2) presence and work of international organizations, and (3) study abroad, exchange, and international collaboration. The category pertaining to concerns and needs was also thematically summarized according to three topics: (1) power, paternalism, and neoliberalism, (2) paucity of critical dialogue and research, and (3) linguistic and financial barriers to internationalization. From the shared perspectives, concluding remarks are presented in the context of how the discipline can continue discourse and activities that, through internationalization, help to offer more equitable opportunities for professionals in the field and the communities they work to support.
Examining the dimensionality of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory
Authors: Galica Jacqueline , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Maheu Christine , Townsley Carol , Metcalfe Kelly 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common concern among cancer survivors, and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI) is a frequently used measure to assess FCR. Given that the dimensionality of FCR has received recent debate, the overall goal of this secondary analysis was to re‐examine the dimensionality of the FCRI using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to compare models of FCR, using data from a large sample of cancer survivors.MethodsThree models of FCR (including unidimensional and multidimensional models of the FCRI) were informed by the literature and proposed a priori. Separate CFAs were conducted to test the fit of each model to the data, and models with acceptable fits were compared.ResultsOf all the tested FCR models, a multidimensional first‐order model aligned with the originally developed 7‐subscale FCRI revealed the best fit to the data (χ2 = 3359.135, P < .0001, df = 795, RMSEA = 0.057 [0.055, 0.059], CFI = 0.897, TLI = 0.888). When this 7‐factor structure was loaded onto a single, second‐order factor of overall FCR, the model fit statistics were slightly poorer (χ2 = 3459.632, P < .0001, df = 807, RMSEA = 0.058 [0.056, 0.060], CFI = 0.893, TLI = 0.886). However, the difference between the models was significant (chi‐square difference = 103.142, P < .0001, df = 12) indicating that the first‐order model was a better fit to the data.ConclusionsThese results align with empirical and theoretical literature that supports the use of the FCRI as a multidimensional scale. Implications of results are discussed in light of FCR conceptualization and measurement.
Inflammation in cystic fibrosis: An update
Authors: Roesch Erica A. , Nichols David P. , Chmiel James F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInflammation plays a critical role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung pathology and disease progression making it an active area of research and important therapeutic target. In this review, we explore the most recent research on the major contributors to the exuberant inflammatory response seen in CF as well as potential therapeutics to combat this response. Absence of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) alters anion transport across CF airway epithelial cells and ultimately results in dehydration of the airway surface liquid. The dehydrated airway surface liquid in combination with abnormal mucin secretion contributes to airway obstruction and subsequent infection that may serve as a trigger point for inflammation. There is also evidence to suggest that airway inflammation may be excessive and sustained relative to the infectious stimuli. Studies have shown dysregulation of both pro‐inflammatory mediators such as IL‐17 and pro‐resolution mediators including metabolites of the eicosanoid pathway. Recently, CFTR potentiators and correctors have garnered much attention in the CF community. Although these modulators address the underlying defect in CF, their impact on downstream consequences such as inflammation are not known. Here, we review pre‐clinical and clinical data on the impact of CFTR modulators on inflammation. In addition, we examine other cell types including neutrophils, macrophages, and T‐lymphocytes that express CFTR and contribute to the CF inflammatory response. Finally, we address challenges in developing anti‐inflammatory therapies and highlight some of the most promising anti‐inflammatory drugs under development for CF.