bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of annealing temperature onto physical properties of Cu doped ZnO thin films prepared using spray pyrolysis
Authors: Aboud Ahmed A , Matar Zinab S , Mohaseb Mona , Awad Abanoub 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Herein we report the effect of annealing on spray-pyrolysis-deposited Cu-doped zinc oxide thin films, with a fixed 3 wt% copper concentration and annealing temperatures of 450 and 500 °C. Various analytical techniques were employed to evaluate the effect of annealed films, which exhibited high stability in physical properties and minimal influence from the annealing process. XRD analysis confirmed that all films maintained a hexagonal ZnO structure without any additional phases, indicating the high purity of the films, with the (002) peak serving as the main diffraction peak for both as-deposited and annealed films. Crystallite size, calculated using the Halder-Wagner equation, revealing an increase from 13.96 nm for the as-deposited film to 14.26 nm for film annealed at 450 °C and 14.65 nm for film annealed at 500 °C. Microstrain values were measured at 2.3 × 10−3, 2.5 × 10−3, and 1.3 × 10−3 for the as-deposited and annealed films. Surface imaging with FE-SEM revealed average grain sizes of 57.25 nm, 68 nm, and 67.8 nm for the as-deposited film and those annealed at 450 °C and 500 °C, respectively. The estimated band gap values were 3.14 eV for the as-deposited films, 3.15 eV for those annealed at 450 °C, and 3.16 eV for films annealed at 500 °C. According to the Spitzer-Fan model, both the density of states and plasma frequency remained constant across the films, while the relaxation time and optical mobility were lowest at 450 °C, where the high-frequency dielectric constant reaches its peak.
Design of a low-power dynamic latched comparator for biomedical applications
Authors: Tyagi Mohit , Mittal Poornima , Kumar Parvin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The latched comparator is a fundamental component of all ADC topologies. Thermal noise, kickback noise, and offset voltage impact the energy efficiency of the comparator significantly. In cardiac IMD ADCs, latched comparator kickback noise may impact resolution, accuracy, and settling time. This paper describes the design and development of an a low-power dynamic latched comparator optimised for biomedical applications and running at 1V. The suggested comparator is achieved on a 45 nm CMOS technology node, having the main goal of reducing kickback noise. The main concept of the recommended comparator has been utilizing the novel resetting approach and kickback noise reduction approach to preserve the charge and kickback noise, respectively. This approach aids in minimizing delay, power consumption, and kickback noise using shared charging logic. The charging-sharing technique involves using a single-pass transistor positioned across two output nodes. The pass transistor distributes the charge evenly across two output nodes throughout the reset phase. Due to the shared charging of the load capacitances, the voltage at the output nodes would not drop under the threshold value. As a result, the input signal could be evaluated more quickly during the regenerative stage. The comparator’s delay is calculated using a rigorous statistical analysis considering the circuit’s random factors. The offset of the proposed comparator is verified using thorough Monte Carlo simulations. The comparator reduces power while preserving noise. Also, the measured simulation results of recommended comparator outperform state-of-the-art comparators regarding kickback noise, delay, power consumption, and power delay product (PDP). The input voltage inversely affects the comparator’s delay. Further, the simulation shows that the comparator consumes 9.36μW at 1 V and 1 GHz sampling frequency. The simulation results confirm that the suggested comparator effectively reduces power consumption by atleast 66.98%. The proposed comparator has less PDP value by 44.44%. Also, suggested comparator effectively reduces offset voltage by 7.6% but with a corresponding increase in the area by 5%. Additionally, the comparator successfully reduces kickback noise by 44.6%. The obtained results are not silicon proven and bound to be in the pre-silicon stage. The low-power behaviour of the suggested technique is validated using analytical derivations, PVT corner analysis, and post-layout simulation.
Chaotic time series prediction of motor system based on WOA-MFRFNN
Authors: Ma Qianran , Wei Duqu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The complexity of the operation of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has heightened interest in its stability and reliability. Evidence suggests that chaotic oscillatory behavior can occur during PMSM operation, making the prediction of such chaotic motion crucial for maintaining stable motor performance. In this paper, a WOA-MFRFNN (Whale Optimization Algorithm-Multi Functional Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network) model is proposed to predict chaotic time series of PMSM, where WOA is used to train the network weights and the MFRFNN contains two TSK fuzzy rules for fuzzy neural networks, which are used for the output and the state of network, respectively. The experimental results of WOA-MFRFNN are compared with those of SSA-BP, ROA-RF and iTransformer. The results imply that the WOA-MFRFNN outperforms other methods and the RMSE can reach 5.45 × 10−4. It is also shown that the WOA-MFRFNN model exhibits good predictive effect on the real-world PMSM dataset.
An efficient q-procedures to solve q-generalized quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equations
Authors: Siddeeq Abobakkar , khan Hassan , Tchier Fairouz , Tawfiq Ferdous , Jebran Samaruddin , Nadeem Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, q-Residual power series method (q-RPSM) is extended for the first time to solve q-generalized quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau (q-GCGL) equations. In 2019, Arqub (2019, Fundamenta Informaticae
166 87–110), has investigated the solutions of time fractional Schr

o

̈

dinger equations without q-derivative by using RPSM. However, in this article, the RPSM procedure is extended to non-linear q-fractional partial differential equations and thus some useful results are obtained under the definition of q-derivative, q-gamma function, q-Caputo derivative and q-factorial function. The solutions to few numerical examples under the q-Caputo operator are presented. In the current procedure, the targeted q-problems are first converted into system of two non-linear q-fractional partial differential equations and then solved by using q-RPSM and q-LADM. In particular, we considered two illustrative examples of fractional q-GCGL for analytical solutions using q-RPSM and q-LADM. The numerical simulations for the suggested numerical problems are done successfully. It is also investigated that higher terms series solution have the higher degree of accuracy. In the current q-RPSM and q-LADM simulations, the higher accuracy is achieved by taking sixth terms series solution. The fractional-order solutions are convergent toward integer-order solution as the fractional-order approaches to integer-order. The solutions curve at different q-values is also calculated and obtain the useful dynamics of the targeted problems. The q-analogy can be used effectively in the field of quantum physics and thus keep the higher norm for researchers working in the field.
Recent progress on the efficiency and stability of lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jakir Hossen Md , Hamzah Hairul Mardiah , Shahinuzzaman Md , Jamal MS , Mohd Said Suhana , W M Hatta S F , Helal Miah Md , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Islam Mohammad Aminul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Within a decade, the power congversion efficiency (PCEs) of metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) moves upward from 3.9% to 25.7%, making them competitive with current state-of-the-art silicon-based counterparts. This steepest growth of the PCEs suggests that the commercialization of this technology might be easing the energy transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy. However, a wide range of factors restrict the commercial viability of PSCs like their toxicity and instability. A crucial and difficult task in the field of PSCs is the replacement of Pb-based perovskite with non-toxic and eco-friendly material while maintaining high-performance with improved stability. Cs2AgBiBr6 halide double perovskites (HDP) material seems to be very promising in this regard. This article reviews the recent progress in Cs2AgBiBr6 double PSC devices, especially fabrication techniques including the advancement of its efficiency and stability. Here, the evolution of Cs2AgBiBr6 towards the application and fabrication of PSCs has also been discussed. This study also analyzed the impact of numerous environmental stresses, such as mechanical, thermal, and optical stresses including the potential prospects in the case of Pb-free PSCs.
Dielectric and free volume of Poly methyl methacrylate/silver nanoparticles- polyhydroxybutyrate nanocomposites (PMMA- AgNP/PHB): positron annihilation lifetime study
Authors: Alzahrani Ali , Kaouach Houda , Al-Ahmadi Ameenah N , Al-Rasheedi Asmaa , Abdel-Hady Esam E , Awad Somia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Solution casting technique was used successfully to prepare Poly methyl methacrylate/silver nanoparticles-polyhydroxybutyrate blend with different polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) concentrations. FTIR results assure and confirm the good compatibility between the two polymers. X-ray results of the PHB/PMMA-AgNP blend show an increase in crystallinity with increasing PHB loading. A non-destructive Positron annihilation lifetime measurements were conducted at room temperature as a function of PHB concentration. Measurements of a dielectric constant were performed in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 50 MHz at RT. It was observed that O-Ps lifetime, τ
3, O-Ps intensity, I3, free volume hole size, FV, and fractional free volume, FFV, were found to decrease with increasing PHB percentage. The dielectric constant ε
/ showed a declined behaviour with increasing PHB content. The fabricated blend shows anomalous behaviour regarding the dielectric properties and free volume properties, indicating that blending PMMA with PHB alters the blend polarization behaviour in an external electric field.
Digital slick-line monitoring technology and its application in offshore oil and gas well testing
Authors: Xin Xiaojun , Yu Weiqiang , Zhao Hongxu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Oil and gas well testing is an important means of evaluating the characteristics and production capacity of oil and gas reservoirs, providing important basis for the formulation of oil and gas field development plans. Downhole operations and testing carried out by traditional slick-line are difficult to determine the condition of downhole tools and wellbore temperature/pressure conditions, which affects the accuracy of testing data.This article explores the application of digital slick-line in downhole operations and oil and gas well testing, and provides a detailed introduction to the working principle, performance characteristics, and advantages of digital slick-line in oil and gas well testing. Through case analysis, the application of digital slick-line in underground operations under complex offshore conditions was demonstrated. Especially in oil and gas well testing and Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) sampling, it can assist in determining suitable testing plans through the analysis of real-time testing data, achieving good practical application results, and providing new ideas and methods for the development of oil and gas well testing technology.
Study on offshore sandstone reservoir classification method based on cuttings digitization technology
Authors: Li Dadong , Li Chongfeng , Xu Changmin , Cui Yuliang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reservoir classification research is of great significance for improving the accuracy of oil and gas exploration and development, reducing risks, and enhancing economic benefits. Traditional reservoir classification methods are primarily based on macroscopic geology and core analysis, lacking descriptions of reservoir pore structure characteristics and microscopic geological features, with very limited data dimensions obtained. This study uses sandstone cuttings samples from a well in an offshore sandstone reservoir as an example and employs digital core technology to conduct reservoir classification research. First, high-resolution micro-CT scanning was performed, and the microscopic lithological characteristics of different blocks were observed based on the scanned images. The diagenesis and particle contact relationships were qualitatively analyzed. Next, digital methods were used to quantitatively analyze pore structure characteristic parameters such as porosity, permeability, and connectivity. Then, the qualitative analysis results of the images were combined with the quantitative analysis results of the digital cuttings to form a set of classification evaluation standards for a certain sandstone reservoir in the eastern South China Sea. Finally, based on the characteristic parameters obtained from the digital quantitative analysis of the cuttings and the on-site pressure-flow data, a big data analysis method was used to screen out the reservoir characteristic parameters with high correlation, providing data support for the rapid evaluation of reservoir mobility. The reservoir classification evaluation standards and flow prediction models formed in this study can provide technical support for accurately formulating reservoir development plans in oil fields in the eastern South China Sea and have significant reference value for the fine evaluation of similar reservoirs. In addition, reservoir classification methods based on digital core analysis exhibit efficiency and multidimensionality, which are crucial for well placement selection, wellbore design, stability assessment of well walls during drilling, interpretation of logging data, and accurate prediction of production capacity.
Research on signal enhancement and flow rate calculation methods of multi-channel ultrasonic flowmeter
Authors: Wu Haosheng , Lan Jingjing , Hu Yitao , Ni Pengbo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the field of drilling, accurate measurement of mud flow helps detect potential leaks or abnormal situations, thereby improving overall safety and preventing accidents from occurring. Traditional contact flow meters require breaking the pipeline before installation, making them difficult to install in underground environments. In addition, the complex composition of underground fluids and their corrosive nature can also lead to unsatisfactory measurement results. Therefore, as a non-invasive flow measurement tool, ultrasonic flowmeter is a better choice. However, the ultrasonic echo signals of current ultrasonic flow meters are susceptible to external interference in actual testing, resulting in a decrease in signal quality and making it impossible to perform accurate detection. This article focuses on the research of ultrasound echo signal processing model, designs a four channel ultrasound transceiver model, improves the wavelet denoising algorithm, designs signal reconstruction and baseline correction processing methods, and proposes a pipeline flow calculation algorithm based on Gaussian numerical integration. This method can greatly improve the quality of ultrasound echo signals and the average accuracy of flow measurement. Finally, relevant testing experiments were conducted, and the results of the final performance measurement showed that the method proposed in this paper improved the average accuracy of the measurement by 5.07%, and the relative error remained at around 2%, with a significant improvement in error rate. Therefore, the method proposed in this article has extremely high accuracy in mud flow measurement.
Rock cutting image recognition based on color and texture feature fusion
Authors: Zhang Yihao , Li Zhongbing , Han Xiong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the realm of oil exploration, there is an increasing demand for precise lithological analysis, particularly in the rapid and accurate identification of fine rock cutting images. Therefore, a novel rock cutting image recognition method based on the fusion of color and texture features is proposed. This method utilizes the color histogram and grayscale co-occurrence matrix techniques to extract color and texture features from target images, respectively. Compared with the traditional single-feature recognition methods, this integrated feature method can greatly improve the accuracy of fragment recognition and ensure more accurate fragment classification by designing the feature fusion structure of the fragment image feature set. The model is established by using the support vector machine (SVM) classifier to realize the automatic classification and recognition of cuttings images. This not only reduces the time and labor intensity of manual operation, but also improves the efficiency and speed of cuttings analysis, which meets the needs of modern efficient drilling operations. More detailed and accurate stratigraphic data can be provided by high precision rock chip identification and lithology analysis. These data have important reference value for geologists to analyze stratigraphic structure and distribution, determine the location and distribution of underground oil and gas layers, and optimize drilling decisions and operation plans. Experimental results show that the method achieves an overall recognition accuracy of more than 90% in the task of detecting 126 rock chip images for conglomerate, 153 for mudstone, and 150 for sandstone, and up to 94% for mudstone and sandstone. It is proved that the recognition method proposed in this paper can better classify sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate in rock chips with high recognition accuracy.
Research and application of on-line testing technology for drilling fluid properties in Chuanyu deep well
Authors: Lu Qi , Xu Jianchao , Cai Xiaocong , Liu Ke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Viscosity measurement of drilling fluid while drilling is an important basis for real-time analysis of wellbore hydraulic characteristics and optimization of drilling parameters. When the current drilling fluid viscometer is used for on-line continuous detection, the drilling fluid is easy to settle and adhere to the measuring gap and stator end face, which affects the detection accuracy. This effect is particularly severe when measuring high density and high viscosity drilling fluids. Therefore, a larger measurement gap is more suitable for on-line inspection of the probe size. However, the larger measurement gap is more likely to produce eddy current and turbulence, which affects the detection accuracy. Therefore, based on Taylor Couette’s law of small gap fluid dynamics, combined with indoor evaluation experiments, and considering key influencing factors such as size requirements, laminar flow constraints, motor driving force and rotor limit speed, two different sizes of detection structures were designed. The measured gap range is 0.102 ∼ 0.146mm. Laboratory tests showed that the deposition and adhesion of drilling fluid in the measurement gap were significantly improved. A moment of inertia time-response model was established to determine the optimal reading time window: for standard fluid (GBW13607), the detection time was 33.7 seconds, and for drilling fluid (density ≤2.0g/cm³), the detection time was 67.4 seconds. The accuracy of on-line measurement of drilling fluid viscosity is ensured.
Edge detection of formation boundary based on 3D holographic azimuthal electromagnetic wave resistivity logging tool
Authors: Guo Shuyu , Wang Jie , Xing Xiangyu , Xiao Jiaqi , Liu Xiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geo-signals are critical in enabling the edge detection function of logging while drilling tools, with their detection depth directly reflecting the edge detection capability of the tool. To address the issue of insufficient edge detection distance in geological steering while drilling, a newly developed 3D holographic azimuthal electromagnetic wave resistivity logging tool is used to construct new geo-signals with full components to extend signal detection depth. By analyzing response characteristics in conjunction with downhole factors, it is determined that the tool can use this signal to express azimuthal information while completing formation boundary detection up to 9.6 meters in advance, with resistance to adverse effects in varying downhole environments.
Application of FLAIR technology in evaluation of complex fluids—Taking M structure of Huizhou sag as an example
Authors: Yuan Shengbin , Yang Yi , Cao Yingquan , Deng Zhuofeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to the complexity of reservoir fluid types and the difficulty in identifying hydrocarbon abundance in M structure of the Huizhou sag, the conventional gas logging methods are affected by instrument accuracy, resulting in indistrument difference in gas logging response characteristics. Consequently, the traditional evaluation methoda are inadequate.To address these challenges, fluid logging & analysis in real time technology(FLAIR) is applied. This technology quantifies various gas components by detecting the ion mass, offering advantages such as precise detection and wide measurement range.In this paper,the data of FLAIR technology was analyzed. Based on the differences in hydrocarbon components of various fluids, fluid identification charts were developed using the hydrocarbon component ratio, humidity ratio (WH) and equilibrium ratio (BH) parameters, which could effectively distinguish complex fluids such as gas, condensate, oil and volatile oil formations.The oil index and gas index were selected, and the gas-oil ratio index was formulated. A relationship model between this parameter and the gas-oil ratio data, measured through cable sampling and formation testing was established, enabling the prediction of gas-oil ratio data during drilling. By correcting gas data to reduce the influence of factors such as drilling time, displacement volume and bit size through gas data correction, the evaluation chart of oil and gas abundance, based on the anomaly ratio of gas measurement can adress the evaluation challenges of buried hill reservoir. The aforementioned method provides robust technical support for reservoir fluid identification and evaluation in M structure of Huizhou sag, and has significant application value in complex reservoirs and complex fluid conditions.