bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Waste of Coconut Porridge Manufacturer and Molasses using Various Microorganisms
Authors: Darmawan R , Hidayat F , Juliastuti S R , Hendrianie N , Gunawan S , Aparamarta H W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers can aggravate soil conditions. The development of organic fertilizer is urgently required. The fertilizers are used to supply organic materials to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Meanwhile, many potential waste from coconut porridge household industry in Ponorogo Distric of Indonesia have not been utilized properly yet. The aim of this research are to improve the quality of liquid organic fertilizers by using various microorganisms with addition of liquid materials such as coconut water waste, water of immersed coconut fiber and molasses; and to observe the growth of chilies, tomatoes, and eggplants which were treated using the organic fertilizer. Liquid organic fertilizer was made by mixing the liquid materials using various microorganisms, such as Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus muchilaginosis, Azotobacter chrococum and bioactivator EM4. The liquid fertilizer was carried out with a mixed batch reactor equipped of aeration 4 L/min for 10 days. From this research was conducted observations on the development of height and fruit on the assesed plants using the produced fertilizer.
Detection of Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp, and Balamuthia mandrillaris in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues by Real-Time Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Norgan Andrew P , Sloan Lynne M , Pritt Bobbi S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Pathogenic free-living amebae (FLAs) cause skin, ocular, and central nervous system (CNS) infections with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of FLA infections by pathologic examination of tissue sections can be aided using molecular assays. This study investigated the performance characteristics of a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (FLA-PCR) for detection and differentiation of FLAs in clinical specimens.

Methods
FLA-PCR was performed on 39 human specimens comprising one cutaneous, 14 corneal, and 24 CNS formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues with a histopathologic diagnosis of FLA infection and four CNS FFPE tissues with inflammation but no evidence of FLAs. In addition, clinical specificity and assay limit of detection were determined.

Results
FLA detection sensitivities ranged from 79% to 84% in FFPE tissues. No cross-reactivity was observed.

Conclusions
While sensitivity is limited, FLA-PCR assay may serve as a useful adjunct for detection or confirmation of FLA infections in FFPE tissues.
The Urine-culturing Cascade: Variation in Nursing Home Urine Culturing and Association With Antibiotic Use and Clostridiodes difficile Infection
Authors: Brown Kevin Antoine , Daneman Nick , Schwartz Kevin L , Langford Bradley , McGeer Allison , Quirk Jacquelyn , Diong Christina , Garber Gary 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Rates of antibiotic use vary widely across nursing homes and cannot be explained by resident characteristics. Antibiotic prescribing for a presumed urinary tract infection is often preceded by inappropriate urine culturing. We examined nursing home urine-culturing practices and their association with antibiotic use.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal, multilevel, retrospective cohort study based on quarterly nursing home assessments between April 2014 and January 2017 in 591 nursing homes and covering &gt;90% of nursing home residents in Ontario, Canada. Nursing home urine culturing was measured as the proportion of residents with a urine culture in the prior 14 days. Outcomes included receipt of any systemic antibiotic and any urinary antibiotic (eg, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim/sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin) in the 30 days after the assessment and Clostridiodes difficile infection in the 90 days after the assessment. Adjusted Poisson regression models accounted for 14 resident covariates.

Results
A total of 131 218 residents in 591 nursing homes were included; 7.9% of resident assessments had a urine culture in the prior 14 days; this proportion was highly variable across the 591 nursing homes (10th percentile = 3.4%, 90th percentile = 14.3%). Before and after adjusting for 14 resident characteristics, nursing home urine culturing predicted total antibiotic use (adjusted risk ratio [RR] per doubling of urine culturing, 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–1.23), urinary antibiotic use (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.28–1.38), and C. difficile infection (incidence rate ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07–1.31).

Conclusions
Nursing homes have highly divergent urine culturing rates; this variability is associated with higher antibiotic use and rates of C. difficile infection.
A multitaper spectral estimator for time-series with missing data
Authors: Chave Alan D 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARY
A multitaper estimator is proposed that accommodates time-series containing gaps without using any form of interpolation. In contrast with prior missing-data multitaper estimators that force standard Slepian sequences to be zero at gaps, the proposed missing-data Slepian sequences are defined only where data are present. The missing-data Slepian sequences are frequency independent, as are the eigenvalues that define the energy concentration within the resolution bandwidth, when the process bandwidth is $[ { - 1/2,\,\,\,1/2} )$ for unit sampling and the sampling scheme comprises integer multiples of unity. As a consequence, one need only compute the ensuing missing-data Slepian sequences for a given sampling scheme once, and then the spectrum at an arbitrary set of frequencies can be computed using them. It is also shown that the resulting missing-data multitaper estimator can incorporate all of the optimality features (i.e. adaptive-weighting, F-test and reshaping) of the standard multitaper estimator, and can be applied to bivariate or multivariate situations in similar ways. Performance of the missing-data multitaper estimator is illustrated using length of day, seafloor pressure and Nile River low stand time-series.
Open and endovascular thoracic aortic repair in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Tsubota Hideki , Sakaguchi Genichi , Marui Akira 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The number of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients has increased, but there have been few reports of thoracic aortic surgery in patients with ESRD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early and late outcomes of open and endovascular thoracic aortic repairs in patients with ESRD.

METHODS
A total of 36 patients with ESRD who needed chronic haemodialysis undergoing open surgery (n = 21) or thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) (n = 15) of the thoracic aorta from 2007 to 2017 in our hospital were identified. Primary end points were in-hospital mortality and late survival; secondary end points were perioperative complications and late aortic events.

RESULTS
Fourteen patients (39%) had aortic dissection, and 16 (44%) had aortic aneurysms. Emergency surgery was performed in 12 patients (33%). There were 3 hospital deaths (8%) (open surgery, n = 1, 5%; TEVAR, n = 2, 13%). The TEVAR group had fewer transfusions than the open surgery group and shorter intensive care unit and hospital stays. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 79%, 58% and 40%, respectively, for patients overall. Freedom from aortic events at 1 and 3 years was 97% and 92%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The early outcome of thoracic aorta surgery in patients with ESRD was acceptable. However, the long-term mortality in patients with ESRD was still poor. Therefore, whether to perform surgery needs to be considered carefully.
Reducing risk of development or exacerbation of nutritional deficits by optimizing patient access to mealtime assistance
Authors: Teeling SeÁn Paul , Coetzee Heather , Phillips Maeve , McKiernan Mary , NÍ ShÉ ÉidÍn , Igoe Aileen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
Optimize patient access to mealtime assistance, decrease missed meal incidence, risk of malnutrition, reduce food waste and staff rework.

Design
Lean Six Sigma methodology informed a pre/post intervention design.

Setting
31 bed ward including Specialist Geriatric services and Acute Stroke Unit within an Irish University teaching hospital.

Participants
Clinical and non-clinical staff including catering, nursing, speech and language therapy, dietetics and nutrition; patients, relatives.

Interventions
An interdisciplinary team used the structured Define/Measure/Analyse/Improve/Control (DMAIC) framework to introduce visual aids and materials to improve the access of patients to assistance at mealtimes.

Main outcome measures
Pre and post outcomes measures were taken for the number and cost of uneaten meals, rework for staff, staff and patient satisfaction, patient outcomes.

Results
Following a 1-month pilot of a co-designed process for ensuring access to assistance at mealtimes, average wasted meals due to staff not being available to assist patients requiring mealtime assistance went from 3 per day to 0 corresponding to an average reduction of 0.43 kg per participating patient in food waste per day. Patients receiving assistance did not require additional oral therapeutic nutritional supplements, evidenced no new incidences of aspiration pneumonia or swallowing difficulties and were discharged without requirement for ongoing Dietetics and Nutrition support. Following a 6 month Control period comprising repeated PDCA cycles, the initiative was incrementally introduced to a further 10 wards/units, with positive feedback from patients and staff alike.

Conclusion
The co-designed new process highlights the importance of staff and patient collaboration, inclusion and participation in designing quality improvement projects.
Building Trust: The Effect of US Troop Deployments on Public Opinion in Peru
Authors: Flynn Michael E , Martinez Machain Carla , Stoyan Alissandra T 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince the 1950s, US military personnel have taken on an increasingly diverse set of responsibilities, including less traditional roles delivering disaster aid and engaging in public diplomacy. Focusing on a particular subset of deployments, humanitarian and civic-assistance deployments to Latin America, we examine the effect that a US military presence can have on public opinion in the host country. We focus on the microfoundations of popular support and use survey data and newly collected subnational data on deployments to examine the effect of these deployments on mass attitudes toward the US military and government in Peru. We find that these deployments do improve perceptions of the US military and government, and correlate with assessments of US influence that are more positive. Our findings bolster the conclusions of previous research that shows how aid can both improve public attitudes toward the donor country and address the foreign aid attribution problem.
Cohort selection for clinical trials using hierarchical neural network
Authors: Xiong Ying , Shi Xue , Chen Shuai , Jiang Dehuan , Tang Buzhou , Wang Xiaolong , Chen Qingcai , Yan Jun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
Cohort selection for clinical trials is a key step for clinical research. We proposed a hierarchical neural network to determine whether a patient satisfied selection criteria or not.

Materials and Methods
We designed a hierarchical neural network (denoted as CNN-Highway-LSTM or LSTM-Highway-LSTM) for the track 1 of the national natural language processing (NLP) clinical challenge (n2c2) on cohort selection for clinical trials in 2018. The neural network is composed of 5 components: (1) sentence representation using convolutional neural network (CNN) or long short-term memory (LSTM) network; (2) a highway network to adjust information flow; (3) a self-attention neural network to reweight sentences; (4) document representation using LSTM, which takes sentence representations in chronological order as input; (5) a fully connected neural network to determine whether each criterion is met or not. We compared the proposed method with its variants, including the methods only using the first component to represent documents directly and the fully connected neural network for classification (denoted as CNN-only or LSTM-only) and the methods without using the highway network (denoted as CNN-LSTM or LSTM-LSTM). The performance of all methods was measured by micro-averaged precision, recall, and F1 score.

Results
The micro-averaged F1 scores of CNN-only, LSTM-only, CNN-LSTM, LSTM-LSTM, CNN-Highway-LSTM, and LSTM-Highway-LSTM were 85.24%, 84.25%, 87.27%, 88.68%, 88.48%, and 90.21%, respectively. The highest micro-averaged F1 score is higher than our submitted 1 of 88.55%, which is 1 of the top-ranked results in the challenge. The results indicate that the proposed method is effective for cohort selection for clinical trials.

Discussion
Although the proposed method achieved promising results, some mistakes were caused by word ambiguity, negation, number analysis and incomplete dictionary. Moreover, imbalanced data was another challenge that needs to be tackled in the future.

Conclusion
In this article, we proposed a hierarchical neural network for cohort selection. Experimental results show that this method is good at selecting cohort.
Insoluble dietary fiber does not affect the ability of phytase to release phosphorus from phytate in the diet of nursery pigs1
Authors: Acosta Jesus A , Patience John F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Phytase is added to swine diets to improve the utilization of phytate-bound P in swine diets. This provides financial and environmental benefits to the pig industry. However, it is unclear if phytase works equally well in all dietary circumstances. The objective of this experiment was to determine if insoluble fiber affects the efficacy of the phytase enzyme in nursery pigs when fed diets limiting in P content. A total of 480 pigs (initial BW 5.48 ± 0.14 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned (10 pigs per pen) to treatment within the block. A common nutrient-adequate diet was fed from days −14 to −5, and two basal P deficient diets (either a corn-soy diet containing 0.16% standardized total tract digestible [STTD] P [low insoluble fiber [LF]], or a corn-soybean meal plus 20% corn bran containing 0.14% STTD P [high insoluble fiber [HF]]) were fed from days −5 to 0 to acclimate pigs to a P deficient diet. From days 0 to 21, pigs received eight dietary treatments (six pens per treatment: n = 6). Experimental diets consisted of LF supplemented with one of four levels of added phytase (0, 109, 218, and 327 phytase units [FTU]/kg; Quantum Blue 5 G, AB Vista, Wiltshire, United Kingdom) expected to provide 0.16, 0.21, 0.26, and 0.31% STTD P, respectively, or HF supplemented with one of the same four levels of added phytase expected to provide 0.14, 0.19, 0.24, and 0.29% STTD P. Titanium dioxide was added to the diet at 0.4% as an indigestible marker. On day 21, one pig representing the average BW for each pen was euthanized, and fibulae were collected and analyzed for bone ash. Fecal samples were collected from each pen on days 19–20. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. There were no interactions between insoluble fiber and phytase for any of the variables evaluated. For days 0–21, adding phytase increased ADG (P < 0.001) with the response being linear (P < 0.001), whereas insoluble fiber decreased ADG (P = 0.033). There were no effects of phytase or insoluble fiber on ADFI (P = 0.381 and P = 0.632, respectively). Phytase improved G:F ratio (P < 0.001) with the response being linear (P < 0.001). Insoluble fiber tended to decrease G:F ratio (P = 0.097). Phytase increased bone ash (P = 0.005) with the response being linear (P = 0.001), but there was no effect of insoluble fiber (P = 0.949). Phytase did not affect the apparent total tract digestibility of DM, NDF, or ADF (P > 0.050), whereas insoluble fiber decreased the ATTD of DM (P < 0.001), NDF (P < 0.001), and ADF (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the addition of insoluble fiber did not affect the ability of phytase to improve growth performance and bone mineralization in nursery pigs fed a P deficient diet.
TECHNICAL NOTE: A method for detection of differences in cook loss and tenderness of aged pork chops cooked to differing degrees of doneness using sous-vide
Authors: Bryan Erin E , Smith Brooke N , Dilger Ryan N , Dilger Anna C , Boler Dustin D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The objective was to determine the ability to detect differences in cook loss and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values between chops aged for differing time periods and cooked to varying degrees of doneness with in a sous-vide style cooker. Loins from pigs (HCW = 96 kg) humanely slaughtered at the University of Illinois Meat Science Laboratory were separated between the 10th and 11th rib into anterior and posterior sections. The posterior section was cut into 6 separate 2.54-cm-thick chops. The middle 4 chops were randomly designated for aging of 3 d and cooked to 63 °C, aged 7 d and cooked to 63 °C, aged 14 d and cooked to 63 °C, or aged 14 d and cooked to 71 °C. Chops were cooked by placing them in a water bath with an immersion circulator set to the desired end-point temperature for 90 min. Cook loss was calculated for each chop by measuring initial and final weight, and accounting for packaging weight. Four cores measuring 1.25 cm in diameter were cut parallel to the muscle fibers from each chop and analyzed for WBSF. Data were analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA. Least squares means were separated using the probability of difference option in the MIXED procedure of SAS. Among chops cooked to 63 °C, chops aged 3 d has less (P < 0.01) cook loss than those aged 7 d, and chops aged 7 d had less (P < 0.01) cook loss than those aged 14 d. Among chops aged for 14 d, chops cooked to 71 °C had greater (P < 0.001) cook loss than chops cooked to 63 °C. Differences in tenderness were also detected between aging periods. Among chops cooked to 63 °C, chops aged 3 d required more (P = 0.02) force to shear than those aged 7 d, but chops aged 7 d did not differ (P = 0.15) from those aged 14 d. Chops aged 14 d and cooked to 71 °C required (P < 0.0001) more force than those aged 14 d and cooked to 63 °C. Overall, these data indicate that sous-vide is an acceptable cooking method for use in experiments as expected differences in cook loss and WBSF were detected in chops aged to differing time points or cooked to differed degrees of doneness.
Optimal crude protein in diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids fed to high-yielding lactating sows1
Authors: Hojgaard Camilla K , Bruun Thomas S , Theil Peter K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine the requirement of standardized ileal digestible (SID) CP for maximal litter gain in high-yielding lactating sows due to insufficient supply of either His, Leu, Val, Ile, or Phe. The content of SID Lys was formulated at 95% of the recommended level, while that of Met, Met+Cys, Thr, and Trp was formulated at 100% of the recommended level or slightly greater using crystalline AA. A total of 540 parity 1 to 5 sows (L×Y, DanBred, Herlev, Denmark) were included in the study from day 3 after farrowing until weaning at day 26. Sows were allocated to six dietary treatments increasing in SID CP content (96, 110, 119, 128, 137, and 152 g/kg). Litters were standardized to 14 piglets at day 3 ± 2 after farrowing. At day 3 ± 2 after farrowing and at day 26 ± 3, sow BW and back fat, and litter weight were recorded. On a subsample of 72 sows (parity 2 to 4), litters were also weighed at days 10 and 17 ± 3, and milk and blood were sampled at day 3 ± 2 d, and 10, 17 and at 24 ± 3 d in lactation. Sow body pools of protein and fat were determined on the 72 sows at days 3 ± 2 and 26 ± 3 d using the D2O dilution technique. All data were subjected to ANOVA, and to linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts. Variables with quadratic effects or days in milk × treatment interactions were analyzed using linear regression or one-slope linear broken line using the NLMIXED procedure of SAS. Average daily litter gain reached a breakpoint at 125 g SID CP/kg (as-fed). Multiparous sows had a greater litter gain than primiparous sows (3.33 vs. 3.02 kg/d above the breakpoint; P < 0.001) but litter size (13.1 ± 0.1) at weaning were unaffected by dietary treatment (P = 0.62). Sow BW loss was minimized at 102 g SID CP/kg. Concentrations of protein and casein in milk increased linearly with increasing SID CP (P < 0.001). Milk urea reached a minimum at 111–118 g SID CP/kg (P < 0.05) and milk fat a maximum at 116 g SID CP/kg (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 125 g SID CP/kg feed was required to maximize litter gain.
Reducing Pain During Wound Dressings in Burn Care Using Virtual Reality: A Study of Perceived Impact and Usability With Patients and Nurses
Authors: Furness Penny J , Phelan Ivan , Babiker Nathan T , Fehily Orla , Lindley Shirley A , Thompson Andrew R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBurns patients often suffer severe pain during interventions such as dressing changes, even with analgesia. Virtual Reality (VR) can be used to distract patients and reduce pain. However, more evidence is needed from the patients and staff using the technology about its use in clinical practice and the impact of different VR strategies. This small-scale qualitative study explored patient and staff perceptions of the impact and usability of active and passive VR during painful dressing changes. Five patients took part in three observed dressing changes—one with an active VR scenario developed for the study, one with passive VR, and one with no VR—following which they were interviewed about their experiences. Three nurses who performed the dressing changes participated in a focus group. Thematic analysis of the resulting data generated four themes: “Caution replaced by contentment,” “Distraction and implications for pain and wound care,” “Anxiety, control and enjoyment,” and “Preparation and communication concerns.” Results suggested that user-informed active VR was acceptable to burn patients, helped manage their perceived pain, and was both usable and desirable within the clinical environment. Further testing with larger samples is now required.
The census of non-radial pulsation in first-overtone RR Lyrae stars of the OGLE Galactic bulge collection
Authors: Netzel H , Smolec R 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We analysed photometry for the up-to-date collection of the first-overtone RR Lyrae stars (RRc; 11 415 stars) and double-mode RR Lyrae stars (RRd; 148 stars) towards the Galactic bulge from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE). We analysed frequency spectra of these stars in search for additional, low-amplitude signals, beyond the radial modes. We focused on stars from two groups: RR0.61 and RR0.68. In the first group, additional low-amplitude signals have periods shorter than the first-overtone period; period ratios fall in the 0.60–0.64 range. In the second group, additional low-amplitude signals have periods longer than the first-overtone period; period ratios tightly cluster around 0.68. Altogether we have detected 960 and 147 RR Lyrae stars that belong to RR0.61 and RR0.68 groups, respectively, which yield the incidence rates of 8.3 and 1.3 per cent of the considered sample. We discuss statistical properties of RR Lyrae stars with additional periodicities. For RR0.61 group we provide strong arguments that additional periodicities are connected to non-radial pulsation modes of degrees ℓ = 8 and ℓ = 9, as proposed by Dziembowski. We have also detected two double-periodic variables, with two close periodicities, similar to RR Lyrae variable V37 in NGC 6362. Properties of these peculiar variables, which may form a new group of double-mode pulsators, are discussed.