bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El Scratch como estrategia didáctica para desarrollar la exploración del medio en la educación inicial - Fase I y II –
Authors: Serna Agudelo Blanca Nery , Recalde España Edith , Beltrán Gustavo Adolfo , Cañón Recalde Cristian Andrés 
Published: August 2018

Objetivo. El Scratch es un entorno de programación visual que permite a los usuarios crear proyectos multimedia interactivos diseñados como medio de expresión para ayudar a niños y jóvenes a exponer sus ideas de forma creativa, al tiempo que desarrollan las habilidades de pensamiento lógico.
Diseño. Este proceso indagó sobre ¿Cómo una estrategia didáctica diseñada desde el Scratch contribuye a desarrollar la exploración del medio en la educación inicial? en la Sede Obrero de la Institución Educativa Instituto Técnico Agroindustrial de la Amazonia. El marco conceptual aborda principios pedagógicos como: Exploración del Medio, TIC, Scratch, Educación inicial y Proyecto Pedagógico de Aula.
Metodología. La investigación corresponde a un estudio de caso, en el cual se hace registro, interpretación y análisis de eventos de exploración en el aula escolar infantil.
Resultados. El proceso de investigación se concluye que la exploración del medio es eje fundamental en la infancia para potenciar aspectos como la posibilidad de observar, preguntar, manipular y generar hipótesis alrededor de los centros de interés.
Conclusión. A partir de los resultados encontrados, se establece que en la muestra participante a menor discapacidad mejor percepción de calidad de vida.
Substructural Calculi with Dependent Types
Authors: Luo Zhaohui 
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we investigate how to introduce dependent types into the substructural calculi such as the Lambek calculus and linear logic. The motivations of such a move include facilitating a closer correspondence between syntax and semantics in natural language analysis and developing promising applications such as that to concurrency through dependent session types.We shall present two substructural calculi with dependent types: the first containing dependent Lambek types and the second dependent linear types. Technically, the former adheres to the usual assumption that types do not depend on substructural variables (in this case, the Lambek variables), which makes the technical development easier, while the latter allows type dependency on linear variables, which makes the development more challenging as well as more interesting in applications.
Sistema de Notación Munsell y CIELab como herramienta para evaluación de color en suelos
Authors: Domínguez Soto Julia María , Román Gutiérrez Alma Delia , Prieto García Francisco , Acevedo Sandoval Otilio 
Published: August 2018

El color es una de las características morfológicas más importantes, la más obvia, fácil de determinar y relevante en la identificación taxonómica de los suelos. El color de los suelos guarda una estrecha relación con los componentes sólidos (materia orgánica, textura, composición mineralógica, morfología); siendo los metales de transición, principalmente, los que pueden dotar a los suelos esta característica particular. El Sistema de Notación Munsell y CIELab, son dos técnicas que permiten la determinación del color del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las propiedades físicas, químicas y mineralógicas en suelo del cerro de Denganthza, y su relación son la coloración característica que presentan las muestras, usando como métodos de evaluación de color el Sistema de Notación Munsell y el Sistema Espectrofotométrico CIELab. En el Sistema de Notación Munsell los suelos presentan coloraciones desde amarillo pálido a rojizas, para valores de <<hue>> se encuentra entre 2.5Y, 5Y, 2.5YR, 7.5YR y 10YR mostrando coloraciones claras indicando un empobrecimiento de Fe y Mn, llevando a plantear que debido a causas pedogenéticas se ha producido un proceso de podzolización. En CIELab el color de los suelos estudiados se ubican en los cuadrantes +a∗ y +b∗ corresponden al color rojo y amarillo, el color de los suelos en húmedo corresponde a un color amarillo-rojizo, con mayor saturación en amarillo presentándose en los suelos 1, 6 y 13, en el resto se observa una tendencia hacia las tonalidades claras; sin embargo, en los suelos secos se presenta la misma coloración amarillo-rojizo, sin saturaciones con tonalidades claras en todas las muestras.
Cuidados da equipe de enfermagem com cateter venoso central em pacientes críticos
Authors: Strelow Francieli Alessandra , Rhoden Deise Juliana , Anschau Geovana Oliveira , Rodrigues Francisco Carlos Pinto , Frizzo Alessandra Da Silva , Bittencourt Vivian Lemes Lobo 
Published: August 2018

<p><strong>Objetivo</strong>: refletir sobre a importância dos cuidados de enfermagem com o cateter venoso central, na busca da prevenção de infecções primárias da corrente sanguínea, em pacientes críticos. <strong>Método</strong>: relato de experiência que emerge das atividades desenvolvidas na disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado I na Área Hospitalar, composto por 420 horas, no 9º semestre do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, de uma Universidade privada, localizado no Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. <strong>Discussão</strong>: com vistas a potencializar as ações destinadas aos pacientes críticos, o presente trabalho oferece contribuições de cunho teórico e prático decorrentes da vivência na unidade de terapia intensiva, para a prevenção e controle de infecções associadas ao cateter venoso central e pode servir de utilidade para outros serviços. <strong>Considerações finais</strong>: constatou-se que a equipe de enfermagem constitui função intransferível no contexto de prevenção de infecções relacionadas ao cateter central. Reforça-se a importância da padronização das ações em relação ao manejo do dispositivo a fim de que contribua para a promoção de um cuidado mais seguro.</p>
Regulación de la oferta de carreras: la mirada de una universidad regional derivada.
Authors: Herrera Ricardo , González María Elena , González Eduardo 
Published: August 2018

There is considerable concern among social actors involved in university activities forÂ several reasons: Chile has witnessed an excessive increase in the number of availableÂ study programs from 1981 onwards, there are insufficient means to provide goodÂ quality modern education, and inequality in the access to education and theÂ possibilities to continue studying, plus significant rates of academic failure, increasedÂ costs in education and the search for adequate mechanisms to allocate resources forÂ higher education. Given the complexity of these problems,awareness has not yetÂ trickled down sufficiently into society.In this setting, regulating the supply of studyprograms â€”from the viewpoint of a derived regional university such as theUniversidad de La Fronteraâ€” is a highly significant issue that is unavoidably linked toÂ requirements posed by demand and the conditions of access to higher education inÂ universities in the regions. The foregoing calls for a regulatory framework,withÂ essentially stable and clear rules of the game, which should encourage a dynamic ofÂ permanent adjustment to societal changes.
La regulación de la oferta de carreras desde la perspectiva de una universidad privada autónoma.
Authors: Guerrero Roberto 
Published: August 2018

The author approaches the issue of regulating the supply of university degreeÂ programs from the point of view of a private, independent university. He firstÂ addresses the subject of the origin of private universities and the role they play inÂ society.Then he analyzes the issue of the demand for university education and goes onÂ to outline how a private university makes decisions in terms of the degree programs itÂ offers.Guerrero then addresses the most controversial aspect: the possibility of havingÂ third parties regulate the supply, in quantitative and qualitative terms. Finally, theÂ author outlines his own views on the subject and emphasizes the crucial need forÂ adequate information on this matter.
La formación para la dirección pública.
Authors: Egaña Rodrigo 
Published: August 2018

This article reviews the discussion that arose in Chile with regard to publicmanagement, or public direction. It provides the background information on theÂ Statute of Public Management designed by the Project for the Reform andModernization of the State and describes the model defined for training publicofficials.Â The paper discusses the start-up of this model and offers some preliminary conclusionsÂ on the operation of the model.
La formación para el trabajo y el paradigma de formación por competencias.
Authors: Alarcón Rodrigo 
Published: August 2018

Changes in the work place make it necessary to re-adapt advanced training programs.Â Upon verifying that workers, at present, not only need to master certain skills andÂ abilities but that they also need to develop certain general competencies, has givenÂ rise to the concept of training by competencies and to the development of methods toÂ analyze them in the work place and to develop curricula oriented to competencies.Â Futhermore, the concept of permanent education appears as a requirement to satisfyÂ the needs of a dynamic world and fits in perfectly with the paradigm of training byÂ competencies.Training by competencies for technicians and professionals is done moreefficiently in education centers with certain characteristics which favor an approach that is more closely linked to the world of work than traditional academic approaches.If policies are implemented for the technical colleges to base their actions onthe paradigm of training by competencies, Chile will be able to achieve top qualityÂ higher education â€”aimed at the workplaceâ€”that is adequately suited to theÂ requirements of the labor market.
La evaluación en la universidad española.
Authors: Trinidad Requena Antonio 
Published: August 2018

The institutional process of evaluation in Spanish Universities began with thepreparation of the National Plan for Evaluating the Quality of Universities. The Plan wasÂ approved by the Council for Universities by means of a Royal Decree issued onÂ December 1, 1995. The objectives of this plan are quite explicit: On the one hand, it isÂ intended to rationalize investments made by the state in higher education, byÂ promoting an institutional evaluation in all universities so as to guarantee greaterÂ efficiency and effectiveness in the use of resources. On the other hand, it is intendedÂ to adopt in Spanish universities the principles, methods and training programs similarÂ to those beingimplemented to improve the quality of education both in the EuropeanÂ Union and other countries.
Análisis de tendencias en la enseñanza de posgrado en diseño en un contexto de diversificación de la profesión del diseñador.
Authors: Vicuña Magdalena 
Published: August 2018

This article presents findings of a research based on the collection of evidence which allow understanding trends having place in diverse areas of design teaching at a master degree. The research has analyzed a total of 39 Masters Programs belonging to 25 Schools of Design based on their websites and requested documents related to statements, focus and course structures. Regardless of the area of specialization, among the main trends found in selected Masters Degree Programs it can be highlighted: (1) focus on practice and connection with the public and private sector; (2) multidisciplinary context; (3) users as the core of a design project; (4) importance of the applied research to the design project and (5) an increasing role of design in business strategies and management.Key words:Â trends, graduate education, design.Â
Beca Nivelación Académica: la experiencia de una política pública aplicada en una universidad chilena
Authors: Micin Sonia , Farias Natalia , Carreño Beatriz , Urzúa Sergio 
Published: August 2018

This work corresponds to the systematization of the Accompaniment Program developed by the San Sebastian University in 2012 and 2013 as part of the allocation of the Leveling Academic Scholarship (BNA) granted by the Ministry of Education of Chile (Mineduc). We estimate that this study, which incorporates academic results with the beneficiaries own assessments, broadens the scope of a public policy that has oriented the efforts of the institutions to ensure equity in access and retention in higher education in Chile. After characterizing the beneficiary group, we describe the intervention and itsimpact on retention, curricular advancement and academic performance of the participants. These results are complemented by a qualitative assessment about the students’ experiences in the program. Finally, we reflect on the lessons learned from this intervention at the institutional level and the need for increased escalation of this public policy which recognizes students' academic performance and potential in consideration of their socio-economic context.
The identification of a subgroup of children with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage at low risk of neuroworsening
Authors: Dalle Ore Cecilia L. , Rennert Robert C. , Schupper Alexander J. , Gabel Brandon C. , Gonda David , Peterson Bradley , Marshall Lawrence F. , Levy Michael , Meltzer Hal S. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEPediatric traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) often results in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, the performance of additional diagnostic studies, and ICU-level therapeutic interventions to identify and prevent episodes of neuroworsening.METHODSData prospectively collected in an institutionally specific trauma registry between 2006 and 2015 were supplemented with a retrospective chart review of children admitted with isolated traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) and an admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13–15. Risk of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) was calculated using the BCVI clinical prediction score.RESULTSThree hundred seventeen of 10,395 pediatric trauma patients were admitted with tSAH. Of the 317 patients with tSAH, 51 children (16%, 23 female, 28 male) were identified with isolated tSAH without midline shift on neuroimaging and a GCS score of 13–15 at presentation. The median patient age was 4 years (range 18 days to 15 years). Seven had modified Fisher grade 3 tSAH; the remainder had grade 1 tSAH. Twenty-six patients (51%) had associated skull fractures; 4 involved the petrous temporal bone and 1 the carotid canal. Thirty-nine (76.5%) were admitted to the ICU and 12 (23.5%) to the surgical ward. Four had an elevated BCVI score. Eight underwent CT angiography; no vascular injuries were identified. Nine patients received an imaging-associated general anesthetic. Five received hypertonic saline in the ICU. Patients with a modified Fisher grade 1 tSAH had a significantly shorter ICU stay as compared to modified Fisher grade 3 tSAH (1.1 vs 2.5 days, p = 0.029). Neuroworsening was not observed in any child.CONCLUSIONSChildren with isolated tSAH without midline shift and a GCS score of 13–15 at presentation appear to have minimal risk of neuroworsening despite the findings in some children of skull fractures, elevated modified Fisher grade, and elevated BCVI score. In this subgroup of children with tSAH, routine ICU-level care and additional diagnostic imaging may not be necessary for all patients. Children with modified Fisher grade 1 tSAH may be particularly unlikely to require ICU-level admission. Benefits to identifying a subgroup of children at low risk of neuroworsening include improvement in healthcare efficiency as well as decreased utilization of unnecessary and potentially morbid interventions, including exposure to ionizing radiation and general anesthesia.
Secure authentication in the grid: A formal analysis of DNP3 SAv5
Authors: Cremers Cas , Dehnel-Wild Martin , Milner Kevin 
Published: August 2018

Most of the world’s power grids are controlled remotely. Their control messages are sent over potentially insecure channels, driving the need for an authentication mechanism. The main communication mechanism for power grids and other utilities is defined by an IEEE standard, referred to as DNP3; this includes the Secure Authentication v5 (SAv5) protocol, which aims to ensure that messages are authenticated. We provide the first security analysis of the complete DNP3: SAv5 protocol. Previous work has considered the message-passing sub-protocol of SAv5 in isolation, and considered some aspects of the intended security properties. In contrast, we formally model and analyse the complex composition of the protocol’s sub-protocols. In doing so, we consider the full state machine, the protocol’s asymmetric mode, and the possibility of cross-protocol attacks. Furthermore, we model fine-grained security properties that closely match the standard’s intended security properties. For our analysis, we leverage the Tamarin prover for the symbolic analysis of security protocols. Our analysis shows that the core DNP3: SAv5 design meets its intended security properties. Notably, we show that a previously reported attack does not apply to the standard. However, our analysis also leads to several concrete recommendations for improving future versions of the standard.
A Chemical and Kinematical Analysis of the Intermediate-age Open Cluster IC 166 from APOGEE and Gaia DR2
Authors: Schiappacasse-Ulloa J. , Tang B. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Zamora O. , Geisler D. , Frinchaboy P. , Schultheis M. , Dell’Agli F. , Villanova S. , Masseron T. , Mészáros Sz. , Souto D. , Hasselquist S. , Cunha K. , Smith V. V. , García-Hernández D. A. , Vieira K. , Robin A. C. , Minniti D. , Zasowski G. , Moreno E. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Lane R. R. , Ivans I. I. , Pan K. , Nitschelm C. , Santana F. A. , Carrera R. , Roman-Lopes A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
IC 166 is an intermediate-age open cluster (OC) (∼1 Gyr) that lies in the transition zone of the metallicity gradient in the outer disk. Its location, combined with our very limited knowledge of its salient features, make it an interesting object of study. We present the first high-resolution spectroscopic and precise kinematical analysis of IC 166, which lies in the outer disk with R
GC ∼ 12.7 kpc. High-resolution H-band spectra were analyzed using observations from the SDSS-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey. We made use of the Brussels Automatic Stellar Parameter code to provide chemical abundances based on a line-by-line approach for up to eight chemical elements (Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Al, K, Mn, and Fe). The α-element (Mg, Si, Ca, and whenever available Ti) abundances, and their trends with Fe abundances have been analyzed for a total of 13 high-likelihood cluster members. No significant abundance scatter was found in any of the chemical species studied. Combining the positional, heliocentric distance, and kinematic information, we derive, for the first time, the probable orbit of IC 166 within a Galactic model including a rotating boxy bar, and found that it is likely that IC 166 formed in the Galactic disk, supporting its nature as an unremarkable Galactic OC with an orbit bound to the Galactic plane.
Robust Transiting Exoplanet Radii in the Presence of Starspots from Ingress and Egress Durations
Authors: Morris Brett M. , Agol Eric , Hebb Leslie , Hawley Suzanne L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We typically measure the radii of transiting exoplanets from the transit depth, which are given by the ratio of cross-sectional areas of the planet and star. However, if a star has dark starspots (or bright regions) distributed throughout the transit chord, the transit depth will be biased toward smaller (larger) values, and thus the inferred planet radius will be smaller (larger) if these are unaccounted for. We reparameterize the transit light curve to account for “self-contamination” by photospheric inhomogeneities by splitting the parameter R

p
/R
⋆ into two parameters: one for the radius ratio, which controls the duration of ingress and egress, and another which measures the possibly contaminated transit depth. We show that this is equivalent to the formulation for contamination by a second star (with positive or negative flux), and that it is sensitive to time-steady inhomogeneity of the stellar photosphere. We use synthetic light curves of spotted stars at high signal-to-noise to show that the radius recovered from measurement of the ingress/egress duration can recover the true radii of planets transiting spotted stars with axisymmetric spot distributions if the limb-darkening parameters are precisely known. We fit time-averaged high signal-to-noise transit light curves from Kepler and Spitzer of 10 planets to measure the planet radii and search for evidence of spot distributions. We find that this sample has a range of measured depths and ingress durations that are self-consistent, providing no strong evidence for contamination by spots. However, there is suggestive evidence for occultation of starspots on Kepler-17, and that relatively bright regions are occulted by the planets of Kepler-412 and HD 80606. Future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope may enable this technique to yield accurate planetary radii in the presence of stellar inhomogeneities.
On Measuring the Variation of High-energy Cutoff in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Zhang 张 Ji-Xian 继贤 , Wang 王俊 Jun-Xian 贤 , Zhu 朱飞 Fei-Fan 凡 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The variation in the high-energy cutoff, E

c
, in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) uniquely probes the corona physics. In this work, we show that the ratio of two NuSTAR spectra (analogous to the difference-imaging technique widely used in astronomy) is uniquely useful in studying E

c
variations. The spectra ratio could directly illustrate potential E

c
variation between two spectra. By comparing with the ratio of two spectral-fitting models, it also examines the reliability of the spectral fitting measured E

c
variation. Assisted with this technique, we revisit the five AGNs in the literature (MCG-5-23-16, 3C 382, NGC 4593, NGC 5548, and Mrk 335), for which E

c
(kT

e
) variations have been claimed with NuSTAR observations. We show that the claimed E

c
variations appear inconsistent with the spectra ratios in three of them, thus they need to be revised, demonstrating the striking usefulness of spectra ratio. We present thereby improved spectral-fitting results and E

c
variations. We also report a new source with E

c
variations based on NuSTAR observations (radio galaxy 4C+74.26). We find the corona tends to be hotter when it brightens (hotter-when-brighter) in 3C 382, NGC 5548, Mrk 335, and 4C+74.27, but MCG-5-23-16 and NGC 4593 show no evidence of significant E

c
variations. Meanwhile, all six sources in this small sample appear softer when brighter. Changes in corona geometry are required to explain the observed hotter-when-brighter trends.