bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Kinetics Control toward Universal Growth of 2D Vertically Stacked Heterostructures
Authors: Li Fang , Feng Yexin , Li Ziwei , Ma Chao , Qu Junyu , Wu Xueping , Li Dong , Zhang Xuehong , Yang Tiefeng , He Yunqiu , Li Honglai , Hu Xuelu , Fan Peng , Chen Ying , Zheng Biyuan , Zhu Xiaoli , Wang Xiao , Duan Xiangfeng , Pan Anlian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe rational control of the nucleation and growth kinetics to enable the growth of 2D vertical heterostructure remains a great challenge. Here, an in‐depth study is provided toward understanding the growth mechanism of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) vertical heterostructures in terms of the nucleation and kinetics, where active clusters with a high diffusion barrier will induce the nucleation on top of the TMDC templates to realize vertical heterostructures. Based on this mechanism, in the experiment, through rational control of the metal/chalcogenide ratio in the vapor precursors, effective manipulation of the diffusion barrier of the active clusters and precise control of the heteroepitaxy direction are realized. In this way, a family of vertical TMDCs heterostructures is successfully designed. Optical studies and scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations exhibit that the resulting heterostructures possess atomic sharp interfaces without apparent alloying and defects. This study provides a deep understanding regarding the growth mechanism in terms of the nucleation and kinetics and the robust growth of 2D vertical heterostructures, defining a versatile material platform for fundamental studies and potential device applications.
Light‐Responsive Polymer Membranes
Authors: Pantuso Elvira , De Filpo Giovanni , Nicoletta Fiore Pasquale 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStimuli‐responsive polymer membranes have gained particular attention for the ability to tune opportunely their physicochemical properties under the application of an external stimulus. Heat, pH value, ionic strength, pressure, humidity, electric and magnetic fields, antigen/antibody interactions, chemical reactions, and light can be used as triggers for specific responses in polymer membranes. In particular, light is a fascinating stimulus, as it is a green energy, which can be modulated in a precise and convenient way. In addition, it allows remote and contactless interactions without changing the original chemical environment. This review reports recent progresses in light‐responsive polymer membranes with particular attention to chemical groups and responsive mechanisms.
Fast Acoustic Light Sculpting for On‐Demand Maskless Lithography
Authors: Surdo Salvatore , Duocastella Martí 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLight interference is the primary enabler of a number of optical maskless techniques for the large‐scale processing of materials at the nanoscale. However, methods controlling interference phenomena can be limited in speed, ease of implementation, or the selection of pattern designs. Here, an optofluidic system that employs acoustic standing waves in a liquid to produce complex interference patterns at sub‐microsecond temporal resolution, faster than the pulse‐to‐pulse period of many commercial laser systems, is presented. By controlling the frequency of the acoustic waves and the motion of a translation stage, additive and subtractive direct‐writing of tailored patterns over cm2 areas with sub‐wavelength uniformity in periodicity and scalable spatial resolution, down to the nanometric range, are demonstrated. Such on‐the‐fly dynamic control of light enhances throughput and design flexibility of optical maskless lithography, helping to expand its application portfolio to areas as important as plasmonics, electronics, or metamaterials.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of biofilm clogging and chemical oxygen demand removal in porous media
Authors: Tian Zhiwei , Wang Junye 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding mechanisms of controlling the bacteria growth and degradation of pollutants is critical for effective improvements in water treatment and bioremediation in porous media. In this study, we developed an integrated model of individual‐based model and multicomponent lattice Boltzmann method to study interactions of oxygen, bioclogging, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and their influence on growth and permeability of microbial biofilms. We found biofilm growth to be very heterogeneous on the surface of the solid matrix and pores. There is a biofilm porosity threshold. Beyond this threshold, the porosity of biofilm has no obvious influence on the flow rate and COD removal. We also studied the influence of initial cell populations, bulk oxygen concentration and biofilm permeability on the flow rate and COD removal. It demonstrated the capability of the present model to investigate biofilm growth, clogging and contaminants degradation in porous media, and its potential applications in water treatment.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Indolyl Homopropargyl Amides: Stereospecific Construction of Bridged Aza‐[n.2.1] Skeletons
Authors: Tan Tong‐De , Zhu Xin‐Qi , Bu Hao‐Zhen , Deng Guocheng , Chen Yang‐Bo , Liu Rai‐Shung , Ye Long‐Wu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCatalytic cycloisomerization‐initiated cascade cyclizations of terminal alkynes have received tremendous interest, and been widely used in the facile synthesis of a diverse array of valuable complex heterocycles. However, these tandem reactions have been mostly limited to noble‐metal catalysis, and are initiated by an exo‐cyclization pathway. Reported herein is an unprecedented copper‐catalyzed endo‐cyclization‐initiated tandem reaction of indolyl homopropargyl amides, where copper catalyzes both the hydroamination and Friedel–Crafts alkylation process. This method allows the practical and atom‐economical synthesis of valuable bridged aza‐[n.2.1] skeletons (n=3–6) with wide substrate scope, and excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity by a chirality‐transfer strategy. Moreover, the mechanistic rationale for this novel cascade cyclization is also strongly supported by control experiments, and is distinctively different from the related gold catalysis.
An Isolable Silicon Analogue of a Ketone that Contains an Unperturbed Si=O Double Bond
Authors: Kobayashi Ryo , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite tremendous efforts to synthesize isolable compounds with an Si=O bond, silicon analogues of ketones that contain an unperturbed Si=O bond have remained elusive for more than 100 years. Herein, we report the synthesis of an isolable silicon analogue of a ketone that exhibits a three‐coordinate silicon center and an unperturbed Si=O bond, thus representing the first example of a genuine silanone. Most importantly, this silanone does not require coordination by Lewis bases and acids and/or the introduction of electron‐donating groups to stabilize the Si=O bond. The structure and properties of this unperturbed Si=O bond were examined by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. Bimolecular reactions revealed high electrophilicity on the Si atom and high nucleophilicity on the O atom of this genuine Si=O bond.
Morphology‐Engineered Highly Active and Stable Ru/TiO2 Catalysts for Selective CO Methanation
Authors: Chen Shilong , Abdel‐Mageed Ali M. , Li Dan , Bansmann Joachim , Cisneros Sebastian , Biskupek Johannes , Huang Weixin , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRu/TiO2 catalysts exhibit an exceptionally high activity in the selective methanation of CO in CO2‐ and H2‐rich reformates, but suffer from continuous deactivation during reaction. This limitation can be overcome through the fabrication of highly active and non‐deactivating Ru/TiO2 catalysts by engineering the morphology of the TiO2 support. Using anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with mainly {001}, {100}, or {101} facets exposed, we show that after an initial activation period Ru/TiO2‐{100} and Ru/TiO2‐{101} are very stable, while Ru/TiO2‐{001} deactivates continuously. Employing different operando/in situ spectroscopies and ex situ characterizations, we show that differences in the catalytic stability are related to differences in the metal–support interactions (MSIs). The stronger MSIs on the defect‐rich TiO2‐{100} and TiO2‐{101} supports stabilize flat Ru nanoparticles, while on TiO2‐{001} hemispherical particles develop. The former MSIs also lead to electronic modifications of Ru surface atoms, reflected by the stronger bonding of adsorbed CO on those catalysts than on Ru/TiO2‐{001}.
Influence of pulp bleaching and compatibilizer selection on performance of pulp fiber reinforced PLA biocomposites
Authors: Peltola Heidi , Immonen Kirsi , Johansson Leena‐Sisko , Virkajärvi Jussi , Sandquist David 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the effect of pulp bleaching and emerging commercial compatibilizers on physical performance of pulp fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites. Industrially bleached and unbleached hardwood kraft pulp fibers are treated with several additive types, and compounded with PLA to fiber content of 30 wt %. After injection molding, the produced biocomposites are evaluated by their mechanical performance and fiber–matrix adhesion. For selected materials, fiber surface and fiber properties are reflected to composite performance by analyzing the compositions, dimensions, and lignin coverage of original fibers, as well as fiber dispersion and dimensions after melt processing. As a conclusion, unbleached kraft pulp fibers provide significant improvement in physical properties of PLA/pulp fiber composites. Of the screened compatibilizers, epoxidated linseed oil has a clear positive effect on performance when bleached kraft pulp fibers are used. The improvements correspond to enhanced fiber–matrix adhesion and differences in remaining fiber length distributions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47955.
Rheological behavior and morphological and interfacial properties of PLA/TPE blends
Authors: Bernardes Giordano Pierozan , da Rosa Luiz Nathália , Santana Ruth Marlene Campomanes , de Camargo Forte Maria Madalena 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTRheological and interfacial tension data were employed to predict the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of noncompatibilized and compatibilized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blends. PLA was melt blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and ethylene elastomer (EE) and compatibilized by ethylene–butyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate (EBG) in an internal mixer chamber. Both TPU and EE TPEs have higher viscosities than PLA, and the interfacial properties evaluated have revealed better adhesion between domains of PLA–TPU. The efficiency of the compatibilizer agent EBG depended on the TPE type inferred by modifications in the scanning electron microscopy images of PLA/TPE blends and by the Izod impact strength (improved by 23%). The EBG was more effective in the PLA/TPU blend. The TPEs and EBG did not affect the PLA thermal stability, and no thermal event was observed in the usual PLA extrusion and injection temperature range. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47962.
Characterisation of the Dynamic Interactions between Complex N‐Glycans and Human CD22
Authors: Di Carluccio Cristina , Crisman Enrique , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Forgione Rosa Ester , Lacetera Alessandra , Amato Jussara , Pagano Bruno , Randazzo Antonio , Zampella Angela , Lanzetta Rosa , Fukase Koichi , Molinaro Antonio , Crocker Paul R. , Martín‐Santamaría Sonsoles , Marchetti Roberta , Silipo Alba 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCD22 (Siglec‐2) is a B‐cell surface inhibitory protein capable of selectively recognising sialylated glycans, thus dampening autoimmune responses against self‐antigens. Here we have characterised the dynamic recognition of complex‐type N‐glycans by human CD22 by means of orthogonal approaches including NMR spectroscopy, computational methods and biophysical assays. We provide new molecular insights into the binding mode of sialoglycans in complex with h‐CD22, highlighting the role of the sialic acid galactose moieties in the recognition process, elucidating the conformational behaviour of complex‐type N‐glycans bound to Siglec‐2 and dissecting the formation of CD22 homo‐oligomers on the B‐cell surface. Our results could enable the development of additional therapeutics capable of modulating the activity of h‐CD22 in autoimmune diseases and malignancies derived from B‐cells.
Blue‐green neutrophilic inclusion bodies in the critically ill patient
Authors: Soos Michael P. , Heideman Caroline , Shumway Cameron , Cho Min , Woolf Andrew , Kumar Chintalapudi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPreviously termed “Green Crystals of Death,” bright blue‐green inclusion bodies within neutrophils are a rare clinical finding. They have been reported as a predictive sign of mortality in critically ill patients and often accompany acute liver failure, lactic acidosis with multisystem organ failure, or septic shock due to Escherichia coli.
Carbon‐Limited Conversion of Molybdenum Carbide into Curved Ultrasmall Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide under Effects of ZrO2 Crystal Phases for Efficient Sulfur‐Resistant Methanation
Authors: Zhao Jun , Wang Baowei , Yu Wenxia , Li Zhenhua , Xu Yan , Ma Xinbin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMoS2 has been regarded as a highly active catalyst for the sulfur‐resistant methanation because of its abundant active sites on defect and edge sites. A challenging problem is how to increase the density of the intrinsic active sites. It is a reasonable method to increase more active sites toward CO methanation by preparing ultrasmall monolayer molybdenum disulfide and curving them. Therefore, highly active ultrasmall and curved monolayer MoS2/ZrO2 catalysts are fabricated via carbon‐limited conversion Mo2C species in H2S atmosphere. The physical and chemical properties of the supports and catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2‐Physisorption, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric. The results indicate that amorphous carbon on monoclinic zirconia (M−ZrO2) is the key for the formation of such MoS2 structure. The sulfided Mo2C/M−ZrO2 catalyst displays superior sulfur‐resistant methanation activity and stability compared with sulfided Mo2C/tetragonal zirconia (T−ZrO2), ascribed to curved ultrasmall monolayer MoS2 well dispersed on M−ZrO2 with more active sites. This synthetic strategy provides a new method for the preparation of well‐dispersed monolayer molybdenum disulfide catalysts.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed β‐Methylation of Alcohols using Methanol as C1 Source
Authors: Kaithal Akash , Schmitz Marc , Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSelective introduction of methyl branches into the carbon chains of alcohols can be achieved with low loadings of ruthenium precatalyst [RuH(CO)(BH4)(HN(C2H4PPh2)2)] (Ru‐MACHO‐BH) using methanol both as methylating reagent and as reaction medium. A wide range of structurally divers alcohols was β‐methylated with excellent selectivity (>99 %) in fair to high yields (up to 94 %) under standard conditions, and turnover numbers up to 18,000 could be established. The overall reaction rate of the complex catalytic network appears to be governed by interconnection of the individual subcycles through availability of the reactive intermediates. The synthetic procedure opens pathways to important structural motifs following the Green Chemistry principles.
Cobalt‐Free Perovskite Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Hashim Siti Salwa , Liang Fengli , Zhou Wei , Sunarso Jaka 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe past decade has observed rapid growth in the development of cobalt‐free perovskite cathodes, which provide enhanced structure and operational stability at the operating temperature of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFC, 600–800 °C) compared to its cobalt‐containing counterpart. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview on the status and advances of the existing cobalt‐free perovskite cathodes for IT‐SOFCs by discussing electrochemical behaviors, thermal expansion properties, stabilities as well as the oxygen ionic and the electronic transport properties of these cobalt‐free perovskite cathode compositions, with primary emphasis on the relationship between the electrochemical performances and the materials science‐related factors. Among various cobalt‐free perovskite cathodes presented in this Review, niobium‐doped compositions generally show lower polarization resistances relative to other cathode compositions.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Gold Halide Perovskites: Structural Diversity through Cation Size
Authors: Murasugi Hideaki , Kumagai Shohei , Iguchi Hiroaki , Yamashita Masahiro , Takaishi Shinya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCrystal structures of a series of organic–inorganic hybrid gold iodide perovskites, formulated as A2[AuII2][AuIIII4] [A=methylammonium (MA) (1) and formamidinium (FA) (2)], A′2[I3]1−x[AuII2]x[AuIIII4] [A′=imidazolium (IMD) (3), guanidinium (GUA) (4), dimethylammonium (DMA) (5), pyridinium (PY) (6), and piperizinium (PIP) (7)], systematically changed depending on the cation size. In addition, triiodide (I3−) ions were partly incorporated into the AuI2− sites of 3–7, whereas they were not incorporated into those of 1 and 2. Such a difference comes from the size of the organic cation. Optical absorption spectra showed characteristic intervalence charge‐transfer bands from AuI to AuIII species, and the optical band gap increased as the size of the cation became larger.
Highly Proton‐Conductive Zinc Metal‐Organic Framework Based On Nickel(II) Porphyrinylphosphonate
Authors: Enakieva Yulia Y. , Sinelshchikova Anna A. , Grigoriev Mikhail S. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Kovalenko Konstantin A. , Stenina Irina A. , Yaroslavtsev Andrey B. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe design of new solid‐state proton‐conducting materials is a great challenge for chemistry and materials science. Herein, a new anionic porphyrinylphosphonate‐based MOF (IPCE‐1Ni), which involves dimethylammonium (DMA) cations for charge compensation, is reported. As a result of its unique structure, IPCE‐1Ni exhibits one of the highest value of the proton conductivity among reported proton‐conducting MOF materials based on porphyrins (1.55×10−3 S cm−1 at 75 °C and 80 % relative humidity).
Gold‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−C(sp) Coupling by Alkynylation through Oxidative Addition of Bromoalkynes
Authors: Yang Yangyang , Schießl Jasmin , Zallouz Sirine , Göker Verena , Gross Jürgen , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA gold(I)‐catalyzed cascade cyclization–alkynylation of allenoates using alkynyl bromide to generate β‐alkynyl‐γ‐butenolides was investigated. Whereas alkynyl iodides afforded significant amounts of the homo‐coupling of two lactone units, alkynyl bromides led to a selective reaction, and a broad functional group tolerance was observed. Under the optimized reaction conditions, it was possible to directly synthesize a large range of β‐alkynyl‐γ‐butenolides in moderate to good yields without the need for any external oxidant.
Untersuchung von lokalen Schichtdickenverteilungen in Fluiden mithilfe der Nahinfrarot‐Bildanalyse
Authors: Medina Isabel , Schmitt Lukas , Kapoustina Viktoria , Scholl Stephan , Rädle Matthias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractZum Inline‐Monitoring der Schichtdickenverteilung in Fluidfilmen aller Art wurde ein bildanalytisches Verfahren entwickelt, das den Einsatz von gepulst betriebenen Nahinfrarot‐LEDs zur Beleuchtung nutzt. In Kombination mit einer NIR‐Kamera wurde die Möglichkeit eröffnet, bewegte Flüssigkeitsfilme zu überwachen. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden die Möglichkeiten und derzeitigen Grenzen dieser Methode am Beispiel der Bestimmung der Schichtdickenverteilung von Wasser und Glycerin im Fallfilm dargestellt.
Surface‐Confined Self‐Assembly of Asymmetric Tetratopic Molecular Building Blocks
Authors: Nieckarz Damian , Szabelski Paweł 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurface‐confined self‐assembly of functional molecular building blocks has recently been widely used to create low‐dimensional, also covalent, superstructures with tailorable geometry and physicochemical properties. In this contribution, using the lattice Monte Carlo simulation method, we demonstrate how the structure‐property relation can be established for the 2D self‐assembly of a model tetrapod molecule with reduced symmetry. To that end, a rigid functional unit comprising a few interconnected segments arranged in different tetrapod shapes was used and its self‐assembly on a triangular lattice representing a (111) crystal surface was simulated. The results of our calculations show strong dependence of the structure formation on the molecular symmetry, in particular on the (pro)chiral nature of the building block. The simulations predicted the formation of unusual ordered racemic networks with unique aperiodic spatial distribution of the surface enantiomers. Molecular symmetry was also found to have significant influence on the enantiopure self‐assembly which resulted in the Kagome and brickwall networks and other less ordered extended superstructures with parallelogram pores. The theoretical findings of this contribution can be relevant to designing and on‐surface synthesis of molecular superstructures with predefined geometries and functions. In particular, the predicted molecular architectures can stimulate experimental efforts to fabricate and explore new nanostructures, for example graphitic, having the composition and geometry proposed in our study.
The risk of malignancy according to Milan reporting system of salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration with Becton Dickinson SurePath liquid‐based processing
Authors: Sadullahoğlu Canan , Yıldırım Hülya T. , Nergiz Döndü , Çekiç Bülent , Selçuk Ömer T. , Osma Üstün , Alparslan Ahmet Ş. , Sezer Cem 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a noninvasive, safe, cost‐effective, diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of salivary gland lesions and the selection of patients for surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of malignancy (ROM) according to the Milan reporting system of salivary gland FNA specimens using a liquid‐based cytology (LBC) technique.MethodsThe cytological diagnosis of 459 cases between 2014 and 2017 was revised according to the Milan reporting system. The FNAC results of 129 cases with a histological diagnosis were compared with respect to the final diagnosis. The ROM for each category calculated.ResultsThe ROM was high in the indeterminate and malignant categories, while the ROM in the benign neoplasm category was low. Sensitivity and specificity analyzed in two different ways were 95.1% and 88.8%, 81%, and 77.7%, respectively.ConclusionsWhen salivary gland lesions are evaluated together with clinical and radiological data, the LBC technique can be applied to salivary gland specimens based on the high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in liquid‐based samples reported according to the Milan system.