bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Informatics for Development: a Threepronged Strategy of Partnerships, Standards, and Mobile Health
Authors: Adejumo A. , Luna D. , Marcelo A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDescribe the issues surrounding health informatics in developing countries and the challenges faced by practitioners in building internal capacity. From these issues, the authors propose cost-effective strategies that can fast track health informatics development in these low to medium income countries (LMICs).The authors conducted a review of literature and consulted key opinion leaders who have experience with health informatics implementations around the world.Despite geographic and cultural differences, many LMICs share similar challenges and opportunities in developing health informatics.Partnerships, standards, and inter-operability are well known components of successful informatics programs. Establishing partnerships can be comprised of formal inter-institutional collaborations on training and research, collaborative open source software development, and effective use of social networking. Lacking legacy systems, LMICs can discuss standards and inter-operability more openly and have greater potential for success. Lastly, since cellphones are pervasive in developing countries, they can be leveraged as access points for delivering and documenting health services in remote under-served areas. Mobile health or mHealth gives LMICs a unique opportunity to leapfrog through most issues that have plagued health informaticsin developed countries. By employing this proposed roadmap, LMICs can now develop capacity for health informaticsusing appropriate and cost-effective technologies.
Empowering Patients and Health Professionals in the Arab World: The King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Arabic Health Encyclopedia on the Web
Authors: Altuwaijri M. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to describe the needs and the process of establishing an online Arabic health encyclopedia to empower patients and health professionals with trustworthy information.A study was conducted by King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in collaboration with Health on the Net (HON) Foundation to review the quality of Arabic health information on the internet. A review of health portals in other languages was performed. Meetings were conducted to investigate areas of collaboration with different stakeholders including: WHO, HON, the U.S. National Library of Medicine, and the NHS.The results of the assessment of Arabic health sites showed that a very small percentage (almost 4%) meets international standards. The study results call for immediate action to improve the trustworthiness of Arabic health information on the net. This will be achieved by establishing a reliable Arabic health encyclopedia and by encouraging health professionals from all Arab countries to contribute to its creation. It is important for the 300 million Arabic citizens around the world to be able to access valuable health information on the internet.More than 300 million Arab citizens around the world have missed the opportunity to use the internet to provide them with quality health information. Hence, to bridge this gap, a new project was launched to develop an online Arabic health encyclopedia. Moreover, this study proposes an Arabic health information foundation be established to govern and accredit the Arabic health websites, and to work in collaboration with HON, to regulate and promote the quality of health information on the internet in Arab countries.
Leitlinie Medizinischer Kompressionsstrumpf (MKS)
Authors: Wienert V. , Gerlach H. , Gallenkemper G. , Kahle B. , Marshall M. , Rabe E. , Stenger D. , Stücker M. , Waldermann F. , Zabel M. 
Published: March 2018

Leitlinien sind systematisch erarbeitete Empfehlungen, um den Arzt in Klinik und Praxis bei Entscheidungen über eine angemessene Versorgung des Patienten im Rahmen spezifischer klinischer Umstände zu unterstützen. Leitlinien gelten für Standardsituationen und berücksichtigen die aktuellen, zu den entsprechenden Fragestellungen zur Verfügung stehenden wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse. Leitlinien bedürfen der ständigen Überprüfung und eventuell der Änderung auf dem Boden des wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstandes und der Praktikabilität in der täglichen Praxis. Durch die Leitlinien soll die Methodenfreiheit des Arztes nicht eingeschränkt werden. Ihre Beachtung garantiert nicht in jedem Fall den diagnostischen und therapeutischen Erfolg. Leitlinien erheben keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Die Entscheidung über die Angemessenheit der zu ergreifenden Maßnahmen trifft der Arzt unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Problematik.Die Empfehlungsgrade (EM-GR) wurden gemäß DEGAM (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin) festgelegt:A sehr gutfundiert (EV-GR I)B mittelmäßig fundiert (EV-GR II)C mäßige wissenschaftliche Grundlage (EV-GR III, IV)
Guided Autotransplantation – virtuelle interdisziplinäre Planung und schablonengeführte chirurgische Durchführung
Authors: Strbac Georg , Nemec Michael 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungMit der vorliegenden Studie wird eine innovative Methode zur Autotransplantation von Zähnen unter Verwendung von 3-dimensionalen (3D) gedruckten chirurgischen Schablonen für eine geführte Aufbereitung des Empfängerbettes und eine akkurate Setzung des Spenderzahnes vorgestellt. Mit der Methode wird eine Autotransplantation von unreifen Prämolaren zur Behandlung eines 11-jährigen Patienten nach schwerem Trauma mit Avulsion von bleibenden Schneidezähnen im Oberkiefer präsentiert. Bei diesem innovativen Ansatz kommen modifizierte Methoden der navigierten Implantationschirurgie mittels Überlagerung von DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) Dateien und 3D Datensätzen der Kiefer zum Einsatz, um so, über einen volldigitalen Workflow entsprechende 3D Schablonen zu erstellen. Die Behandlung des Patienten konnte, mittels Durchführung der im Voraus virtuell geplanten Transplantationen mit geführten Osteotomien zur Vermeidung eines Knochenverlustes und Sicherstellung einer exakten Einbringung der Spenderzähne in die vorgesehenen neuen Positionen erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden.
Minimal prophylactic concentration of dietary zinc compounds in a mouse model of swine dysentery
Authors: Zhang Peng , Carlson Michael P. , Schneider Norman R. , Duhamel Gerald E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDietary supplementation with 6000 mg of Zn2+/kg of feed has been shown to modify the clinicopathologic expression ofBrachyspira hyodysenteriaeinfection in a laboratory mouse model of swine dysentery. However, this concentration impaired the body weight gain of the mice. The purpose of the present study was to determine a minimal prophylactic concentration of feed-grade zinc compounds that would not affect the growth of mice challenge-exposed withB. hyodysenteriae. A total of 440, 6- to 8-week-old, C3H/HeN mice were allocated randomly to groups and fed either a defined diet or a defined diet containing either 1000, 2000 or 4000 mg/kg ZnO, ZnSO4or zinc-methionine for 7 days before intra- gastric inoculation withB. hyodysenteriae. From days 7 to 35 after inoculation, mice in each group were necropsied at weekly intervals for determination of body weight, presence ofB. hyodysenteriaein the cecum, and histological assessment of cecal lesions. Only ZnO fed at 2000 mg/kg had a prophylactic effect againstB. hyodysenteriaeinfection without affecting the body weight gain of the mice. The prophylactic effect of Zn2+against infection withB. hyodysenteriaewas also affected by the relative concentration of Fe2+and Zn2+/Fe2+ratio of the diet.
Multidisciplinary group information for patients with tinnitus
Authors: Zarenoe Reza , Bohn Eriksson Therese , Dahl Jakob , Ledin Torbjörn , Andersson Gerhard 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a multidisciplinary group information as a part of a Stepped Care tinnitus management model. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered before and after the group information to evaluate the effects.

Method:
In total, 627 patients participated in half-day tinnitus information meetings from 2004 to 2011 in our clinic. We retrieved 426 patients for analysis with complete scores on the THI, HADS, and a questionnaire covering background information. These three questionnaires were used before the information meeting, and the THI and HADS at a 1-month follow-up.

Results:
Significant decreases were found in scores on the THI (p < .001) and the HADS-A (p < .05), pre- and post-information session. However, no significant changes were observed on the HADS-D.

Conclusion:
An information meeting as a part of multidisciplinary Stepped Care model can be an effective initial approach to manage tinnitus, and serve as a filter for patients who need additional treatment.
Breast Shape Analysis With Curvature Estimates and Principal Component Analysis for Cosmetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery
Authors: Catanuto Giuseppe , Taher Wafa , Rocco Nicola , Catalano Francesca , Allegra Dario , Milotta Filippo Luigi Maria , Stanco Filippo , Gallo Giovanni , Nava Maurizio Bruno 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Breast shape is defined utilizing mainly qualitative assessment (full, flat, ptotic) or estimates, such as volume or distances between reference points, that cannot describe it reliably.

Objectives
The authors quantitatively described breast shape with two parameters derived from a statistical methodology denominated by principal component analysis (PCA).

Methods
The authors created a heterogeneous dataset of breast shapes acquired with a commercial infrared 3-dimensional scanner on which PCA was performed. The authors plotted on a Cartesian plane the two highest values of PCA for each breast (principal components 1 and 2). Testing of the methodology on a preoperative and posttreatment surgical case and test-retest was performed by two operators.

Results
The first two principal components derived from PCA characterize the shape of the breast included in the dataset. The test-retest demonstrated that different operators obtain very similar values of PCA. The system is also able to identify major changes in the preoperative and posttreatment stages of a two-stage reconstruction. Even minor changes were correctly detected by the system.

Conclusions
This methodology can reliably describe the shape of a breast. An expert operator and a newly trained operator can reach similar results in a test/re-testing validation. Once developed and after further validation, this methodology could be employed as a good tool for outcome evaluation, auditing, and benchmarking.

Level of Evidence: 4
Evidence to Improve Physical Activity among Medically Underserved Older adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hu Yi-Ling , Junge Kristin , Nguyen An , Hiegel Kelsey , Somerville Emily , Keglovits Marian , Stark Susan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesParticipation in leisure physical activity (PA) and engagement in PA interventions among older adults is influenced by socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and environment. However, studies of PA for medically underserved older adults have not yet been systematically evaluated. The objective of this study is to map the nature and extent of research conducted on PA participation, interventions, and components of effective leisure PA programs for medically underserved older adults.Research Design and MethodsThe five-stage approach was used to conduct this scoping review. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for peer-reviewed studies published between 2006 and 2016. Data extracted from selected studies included study population, study type, purpose of intent, evidence level, barriers to PA participation, and components of PA intervention.ResultsThree hundred and ninety-two articles were identified, and 60 studies were included in the final data charting. Existing literature showed that most studies remained descriptive in nature, and few intervention studies have achieved a high level of evidence. Among 21 intervention studies, only 4 were explicitly conducted for older adults. Culturally adapted materials, race/ethnicity-specific barriers and facilitators, and form of intervention were important components for intervention programs.Discussion and ImplicationsFindings indicate that more studies are needed to reduce health disparities related to PA participation for medically underserved older adults. Intervention components such as race/ethnicity-relevant barriers and facilitators and culturally sensitive materials are also needed for PA interventions targeting underserved older adults in order to provide evidence for best practices.
Comparative effects of temperature on rates of development and survival of eggs and yolk-sac larvae of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)
Authors: Laurel Benjamin J , Copeman Louise A , Spencer Mara , Iseri Paul 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChanges in Arctic fish assemblages resulting from climate change will likely be determined by the differential thermal response of key species during their early life history. In this study, we incubated multiple batches of eggs and larvae of two ecologically important gadids co-occurring at the Pacific–Arctic interface, Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). Fertilized egg batches (n = 11 Arctic cod; n = 6 walleye pollock) were collected in the late winter/early spring from laboratory broodstock held under simulated seasonal environmental conditions. Image and lipid analyses indicated that Arctic cod eggs and larvae were ∼25–35% larger than walleye pollock and had nearly 3–6× more energetic reserves. Two batches of eggs from each species were incubated in replicated containers (n = 3/batch/temperature) at −0.4, 1.2, 2.5, 3.8, 5.0, 9.0, and 12.0°C for Arctic cod and −0.8, 0.3, 2.2, 4.5, 9.0, and 12.0°C for walleye pollock. Both species had very similar low thermal tolerance, but Arctic cod were much more sensitive to higher thermal stress in terms of hatch success and size-at-hatch. For example, Arctic cod hatch success declined precipitously at temperatures above 3.5°C yet remained above 50% in walleye pollock at 9°C. Arctic cod also had significantly longer development times, such that embryos could survive for ∼4 months at temperatures &lt;0°C from the time of spawning to first-feeding. Collectively, these results indicate Arctic cod have a much smaller thermal window for survival, but can survive for longer periods in the absence of food than walleye pollock at cold temperatures. These temperature-dependent rates will be useful in the development of population forecasts and biophysical transport models for these species in the northern Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas.
Lztfl1/BBS17 controls energy homeostasis by regulating the leptin signaling in the hypothalamic neurons
Authors: Wei Qun , Gu Yi-Feng , Zhang Qing-Jun , Yu Helena , Peng Yan , Williams Kevin W , Wang Ruitao , Yu Kajiang , Liu Tiemin , Liu Zhi-Ping 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Leptin receptor (LepRb) signaling pathway in the hypothalamus of the forebrain controls food intake and energy expenditure in response to an altered energy state. Defects in the LepRb signaling pathway can result in leptin-resistance and obesity. Leucine zipper transcription factor like 1 (Lztfl1)/BBS17 is a member of the Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Human BBS patients have a wide range of pathologies including obesity. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying Lztfl1-regulated obesity are unknown. Here, we generated Lztfl1f/f mouse model in which Lztfl1 can be deleted globally and in tissue-specific manner. Global Lztfl1 deficiency resulted in pleiotropic phenotypes including obesity. Lztfl1−/− mice are hyperphagic and showed similar energy expenditure as WT littermates. The obese phenotype of Lztfl1−/− mice is caused by the loss of Lztfl1 in the brain but not in the adipocytes. Lztfl1−/− mice are leptin-resistant. Inactivation of Lztfl1 abolished phosphorylation of Stat3 in the LepRb signaling pathway in the hypothalamus upon leptin stimulation. Deletion of Lztfl1 had no effect on LepRb membrane localization. Furthermore, we observed that Lztfl1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have significantly longer cilia than WT MEFs. We identified several proteins that potentially interact with Lztfl1. As these proteins are known to be involved in regulation of actin/cytoskeleton dynamics, we suggest that Lztfl1 may regulate leptin signaling and ciliary structure via these proteins. Our study identified Lztfl1 as a novel player in the LepRb signaling pathway in the hypothalamus that controls energy homeostasis.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Children with Culture-Negative Septic Arthritis
Authors: Spyridakis Evangelos , Gerber Jeffrey S , Schriver Emily , Grundmeier Robert W , Porsch Eric A , St. Geme Joseph W , Downes Kevin J 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Septic arthritis is a serious infection, but the results of blood and joint fluid cultures are often negative in children. We describe here the clinical features and management of culture-negative septic arthritis in children at our hospital and their outcomes.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of a cohort of children with septic arthritis who were hospitalized at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between January 2002 and December 2014. Culture-negative septic arthritis was defined as a joint white blood cell count of >50000/μL with associated symptoms, a clinical diagnosis of septic arthritis, and a negative culture result. Children with pretreatment, an intensive case unit admission, Lyme arthritis, immunodeficiency, or surgical hardware were excluded. Treatment failure included a change in antibiotics, surgery, and/or reevaluation because of a lack of improvement/worsening.

Results
We identified 157 children with septic arthritis. The patients with concurrent osteomyelitis (n = 28) had higher inflammatory marker levels at presentation, had a longer duration of symptoms (median, 4.5 vs 3 days, respectively; P < .001), and more often had bacteremia (46.4% vs 6.2%, respectively; P < .001). Among children with septic arthritis without associated osteomyelitis, 69% (89 of 129) had negative culture results. These children had lower C-reactive protein levels (median, 4.0 vs 7.3 mg/dL, respectively; P = .001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (median, 39 vs 51 mm/hour, respectively; P = .01) at admission and less often had foot/ankle involvement (P = .02). Among the children with culture-negative septic arthritis, the inpatient treatment failure rate was 9.1%, and treatment failure was more common in boys than in girls (17.1% vs 3.8%, respectively; P = .03). We found no association between treatment failure and empiric antibiotics or patient age. No outpatient treatment failures occurred during the 6-month follow-up period, although 17% of the children discharged with a peripherally inserted central catheter line experienced complications, including 3 with bacteremia.

Conclusions
The majority of septic arthritis infections at our institution were culture negative. Among patients with culture-negative infection, empiric antibiotics failed for 9% and necessitated a change in therapy. More sensitive diagnostic testing should be implemented to elucidate the causes of culture-negative septic arthritis in children.
Which Interpretational Route Will the Supreme Court of India Follow When Faced with the Contentious Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010?
Authors: M P Ram Mohan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The Civil Nuclear Liability for Damages Act of India enacted in 2010 has been a matter of concern to international suppliers and vendors. This is due to the perceived deviation of the law from the principle of legal channelling of liability (to the operator) which is at the heart of international nuclear liability jurisprudence. Specifically, this notion arises from allowing recourse to suppliers under outside of the circumstances mentioned in the Annex of the Convention for Complementary Compensation. Sections 17 and 46 which embody this notion are subject to different interpretations, some of them implying the compliance of the Indian regime with the international nuclear liability regime and many others equally suggest otherwise. In 2015, Government of India through a detailed Frequently Answered Questions clarified the nature and meaning of these sections. However, interestingly, there are two cases pending before Supreme Court of India contesting the constitutionality of the legislation in which these two specific provisions are also disputed. The article attempts to explain and resolve the ambiguity through a study of Supreme Court’s approach to statutory interpretation. I undertake an analysis of the reasoning given under the 2015 FAQ in the light of the disputed Sections 17 and 46 and bring out a probable prediction of Court’s interpretation of the Sections of the Act.
Patient and System Characteristics Associated with Performance on the HEDIS Measures of Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Initiation and Engagement
Authors: Yarborough Bobbi Jo H. , Chi Felicia W. , Green Carla A. , Hinman Agatha , Mertens Jennifer , Beck Arne , Horberg Michael , Weisner Constance , Campbell Cynthia I. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
Understand patient and system characteristics associated with performance on the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) Alcohol and Other Drug (AOD) Initiation and Engagement of Treatment (IET) measures.

Methods:
This mixed-methods study linked patient and health system data from four Kaiser Permanente regions to HEDIS performance measure data for 44,320 commercially or Medicare-insured adults with HEDIS-eligible AOD diagnoses in 2012. Characteristics associated with IET were examined using multilevel logistic regression models. Key informant interviews (n = 18) focused on opportunities to improve initiation and engagement.

Results:
Non-white race/ethnicity, alcohol abuse, or nonopioid drug abuse diagnoses were associated with lower odds of treatment initiation among commercially insured. For both insurance groups, those diagnosed in healthcare departments other than specialty AOD treatment were less likely to initiate or engage in treatment. Being diagnosed in facilities with co-located AOD/primary care clinics, and those with medications for addiction treatment available, was each associated with higher odds of initiation and engagement for both commercially and Medicare-insured. Having behavioral medicine specialists or clinical health educators in primary care increased initiation and engagement odds among commercially insured. Key informants recommended were as follows: patient-centered care; increased treatment choices; cross-departmental patient identification, engagement, and coordination; provider education; and use of informatics/technology.

Conclusions:
Tailoring treatment, enhancing treatment motivation among individuals with lower severity diagnoses, offering medication treatment of addiction, clinician education, care coordination, co-located AOD and primary care departments, and behavioral medicine specialists in primary care may improve rates of initiation and engagement in AOD treatment.