bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music Theory on the Radio: Theme and Temporality in Hans Keller's First Functional Analysis
Authors: O'HARA WILLIAM 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTHans Keller described his ‘functional analysis’ (FA) as ‘the musical analysis of music’. Heavily influenced by his studies in Freudian psychology, he believed that his method would reveal ‘the latent unity behind manifest contrasts’ without using any labels or descriptive prose. In an effort to make explicit to his listeners what he believed to have been the composer's own unified perception of the work, he composed sets of between‐movement interludes that extracted, juxtaposed and modified prominent themes; he also included intervals of silence during which listeners were to reflect on what they had just heard. This article explores Keller's first functional analysis, of Mozart's Quartet in D minor, K. 421, which reveals his interest in the relationships between the motives and themes of a given movement, and in the motivic connections and thematic transformations across movements. Through Keller's re‐arrangements of motives and themes, the listener is meant to hear one motive gradually transforming into another. The FA is thus revealed as a style of analysis whose form – a musical performance – mirrors its content: a mediation between the listening experience and the non‐linear temporality of compositional labour.
Rainfall exclusion and thinning can alter the relationships between forest functioning and drought
Authors: Gavinet Jordane , Ourcival Jean‐Marc , Limousin Jean‐Marc 
Published: April 2019

Summary

Increasing drought caused by the ongoing climate change, and forest management by thinning that aims at mitigating its impact, may modify the current relationships between forest functions and drought intensity and preclude our ability to forecast future ecosystem responses.

We used 15 yr of data from an experimental rainfall exclusion (−27% of rainfall) combined with thinning (−30% stand basal area) to investigate differences in the drought–function relationships for each component of above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) and stand transpiration in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex stand.

Rainfall exclusion reduced stand ANPP by 10%, mainly because of lowered leaf and acorn production, whereas wood production remained unaffected. These responses were consistent with the temporal sensitivity to drought among tree organs but revealed an increased allocation to wood. Thinning increased wood and acorn production and reduced the sensitivity of standing wood biomass change to drought. Rainfall exclusion and thinning lowered the intercept of the transpiration–drought relationship as a result of the structural constraints exerted by lower leaf and sapwood area.

The results suggest that historical drought–function relationships can be used to infer future drought impacts on stand ANPP but not on water fluxes. Thinning can mitigate drought effects and reduce forest sensitivity to drought.
Osmotic adjustment and energy limitations to plant growth in saline soil
Authors: Munns Rana , Passioura John B. , Colmer Timothy D. , Byrt Caitlin S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPlant roots must exclude almost all of the Na+ and Cl– in saline soil while taking up water, otherwise these ions would build up to high concentrations in leaves. Plants evaporate c. 50 times more water than they retain, so 98% exclusion would result in shoot NaCl concentrations equal to that of the external medium. Taking up just 2% of the NaCl allows a plant to osmotically adjust the Na+ and Cl– in vacuoles, while organic solutes provide the balancing osmotic pressure in the cytoplasm. We quantify the costs of this exclusion by roots, the regulation of Na+ and Cl– transport through the plant, and the costs of osmotic adjustment with organic solutes in roots.
Novel Oral Lichen Planus Symptom Severity Measure for assessing patients’ daily symptom experience
Authors: Burke Laurie B. , Brennan Michael T , Ni Riordain Richeal , Madsen Lars Siim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveA novel Oral Lichen Planus Symptom Severity Measure was developed as a clinical outcome assessment of the daily symptom experience of patients with oral lichen planus.MethodsA literature review and expert input were followed by open‐ended concept elicitation interviews with 17 adults with oral lichen planus in the United States and Ireland. Item content was generated, and the interviews continued until input saturation was reached. The final electronic version of the measure was cognitively debriefed in 6 US patients and subsequently translated and linguistically validated in Germany and Denmark.ResultsConcept elicitation interviews demonstrated content validity and saturation in identifying symptoms and daily activities that generate symptoms in patients with oral lichen planus. The content and electronic daily diary format demonstrated content validity during cognitive debriefing interviews. Linguistic validation of the 7‐item Oral Lichen Planus Symptom Severity Measure in Germany and Denmark confirmed the content validity of the German and Danish versions.ConclusionsQualitative research methods generated evidence that the 7‐item Oral Lichen Planus Symptom Severity Measure version 1.0 is a well‐defined assessment tool to characterize the severity, specificity and variations of symptoms in patients with oral lichen planus.
Case report: primary mediastinal germ cell tumour initially presenting as level IV cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Crane H. , Mustafa S. , Tahir F. , Brierley D.J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis case report describes an unusual case of a primary mediastinal germ cell tumour presenting initially as lymphadenopathy in the neck. This case highlights the rare occurrence of germ cell tumours in an area common to the routine extra oral dental examination of lymph nodes.
Hydrochlorothiazide‐induced photosensitivity in a psoriasis patient following exposure to narrow‐band ultraviolet B excimer therapy
Authors: Rosenthal Amanda , Herrmann Jennifer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDrug‐induced photosensitivity develops when the use of oral or topical photosensitizing medications creates a rash after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Medications most commonly implicated in photosensitive drug reactions include amiodarone, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories, thiazides, tetracycline antibiotics, chlorpromazine, and fluoroquinolones. It is generally believed that drug‐induced photosensitivity is an UVA phenomenon, caused by UV wavelengths between 315 and 400 nm. Here, we present a case of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)‐induced photosensitivity following exposure to 308‐nm narrow‐band (nb) UVB light emitted from an excimer laser in a patient undergoing treatment for plaque psoriasis. This patient had received biweekly treatments with the excimer laser for years prior without any history of adverse reactions. We believe that our patient suffered an acute photosensitivity to UVB due to new‐onset HCTZ. Because nb UVB–emitting lasers are used to treat many dermatologic conditions, physicians should be aware of potential photosensitivity reactions, review medication lists and counsel patients accordingly.
Dermoscopy of pagetoid reticulosis, with dermoscopic‐pathologic correlation
Authors: Manoli Sofia‐Magdalini , Lallas Aimilios , Ioannides Demetris , Nikolaidou Christina , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Sotiriou Eleni , Vakirlis Efstratios , Apalla Zoe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPagetoid reticulosis (PR), also known as Woringer‐Kolopp disease, is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides with distinctive clinicopathologic features. It clinically manifests as a solitary, erythematous, gradually enlarging, scaly, or verrucous plaque on the lower extremities, and due to its indolent course and nonspecific clinical features, may remain undiagnosed for years. In the current study, we describe the clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of a rare case of PR disease and correlate them with the corresponding histopathologic findings. Dermoscopy may prove beneficial in early diagnosis of this rare entity.
Adherence to optical safety guidelines for laser‐assisted hair removal
Authors: AlTaleb Rawan M. , Alsharif Heba M. , Younis Afnan S. , Alsulaiman Sulaiman M. , Abouammoh Marwan A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, there was a rise in ocular injuries secondary to cosmetic laser‐assisted hair removal.PurposeTo assess the level of adherence to optical safety guidelines during laser‐assisted hair removal performed by nurses or physicians in private practice.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at thirty‐one private laser‐assisted hair removal clinics. An electronic random number generator using a cluster random sampling technique was used to select the clinics. The Alexlazr™ (Candela Corp.) device operator's manual checklist was modified to collect data from laser device operators and patients by surveying the laser rooms, interviewing the patients, and observing the treatments.ResultsNinety‐four patients treated by different service providers were included from 31 private centers. All treatment sessions were delivered by trained nurses. Only 9.5% had acceptable adherence to optical safety guidelines during hair removal treatment, while the majority (90.5%) of service providers were poorly adherent. None of the providers achieved excellent adherence to optical safety guidelines. The item with the least adherence was the lack of non‐reflective floors inside laser rooms in 72.3% of centers. All service providers were familiar with the laser system controls and emergency shutdown (100% adherence).ConclusionThere is a significant deficiency in the safety precautions at laser‐assisted hair removal centers that can result in devastating ophthalmic injuries. Companies providing laser‐assisted hair removal machines should be involved in aiding these centers to implement safety procedures.
Spectroscopic observations on human pigmentation
Authors: Sadiq Iqbal , Kollias Nikiforos , Baqer Ali 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe main chromophores of human skin are melanins and hemoglobins along with carotenoids, bilirubin, and other compounds. In an effort to study the spectral signatures of skin melanin, we measured absorption spectra in a variety of situations, including a method to show early signs of re‐pigmentation in vitiligo.MethodsTo measure skin in vivo, the essential component was a "Bifurcated Optical Fiber" with one end connected to the light source and the second end connected to the spectrometer while the common end was placed on the skin.ResultsIn a typical in situ “melanin in skin” spectrum, the absorbance values first rise gradually, from 750 to 600 nm, then rise moderately from 600 to 450 nm, and rise sharply from 450 nm to a broad peak at 335 nm, below which it gradually rolls down to much lower values.ConclusionWe successfully studied melanin spectroscopically in subjects with vitiligo lesions, obtaining the differential spectra. Higher melanin levels can be shown by steeper negative slopes of a straight line fitted between 620 and 720 nm. Also, absorption peak at 335 nm showed the presence of melanin.
Photodynamic inactivation to prevent and disrupt Staphylococcus aureus biofilm under different media conditions
Authors: Reynoso Eugenia , Ferreyra Darío D. , Durantini Edgardo N. , Spesia Mariana B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this work was to investigate the photodynamic activity of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis[4‐(3‐N,N‐dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]chlorin (TAPC) and zinc(II) 2,9,16,23‐tetrakis[4‐(N‐methylpyridyloxy)]phthalocyanine iodide (ZnPPc4+) as photosensitizers to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and prevent their formations in different culture media.MethodsWe incubated S aureus biofilms in different culture media: tryptic soy (TS), nutrient (N), Müeller Hinton (MH) broth, TS with glucose 2 and 5% (w/v) with 5 μM ZnPPc4+ or TAPC and irradiated with visible light (350‐800 nm). Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) was determined by count of colony forming units (CFU) and crystal violet method. Furthermore, we studied PDI effect on biofilm development in TS broth. Finally, we examined the effects of PDI on the structure of S aureus biofilm.ResultsGreater inactivation was achieved, using TAPC or ZnPPc4+, when S aureus biofilm was grown in N or MH broths rather than in TS. Besides, glucose addition to the medium decreases the ability to develop biofilm and increase the photoinactivation capacity. Prevention of 3 log biofilm developments was obtained when S aureus cultures were treated with TAPC (10 μM) and 108 J/cm2 in TS broth and the number of CFU was counted after 24 hours. Moreover, microscopy studies demonstrated modifications in biofilm architecture.ConclusionsThese results indicate that TAPC and ZnPPc4+ may be promising photosensitizers for photodynamic inactivation of S aureus biofilms or to prevent their formation.
Morphological, molecular phylogenetic and pathogenic analyses of Erysiphe spp. causing powdery mildew on cashew plants in Brazil
Authors: Fonseca W. L. , Cardoso J. E. , Ootani M. A. , Brasil S. O. S. , Assunção F. S. , Lima C. S. , Viana F. M. P. , Muniz C. R. , Andrade I. L. , Martins M. V. V. 
Published: April 2019

Cashew powdery mildew is presently the most important disease of cashew trees in all Brazilian growing regions. Although it was described over a century ago, it had never threatened the Brazilian cashew industry until the first decade of the 21st century. Morphological and pathogenic evidence indicated the possibility of different pathogen species being involved in early and late types of cashew powdery mildew. This study was designed to elucidate this issue by comparing two different powdery mildew fungi occurring on cashew plants in Brazil according to the morphological characteristics, phylogenetic relationships with closely related powdery mildew fungi and pathogenic relationships. Based on morphology, molecular phylogenetics and pathogenicity on cashew, it was shown that two species of powdery mildew specimens are without question associated with cashew trees. One species, which infects young immature tissues such as shiny leaves, flowers and young fruits, is Erysiphe quercicola, while Erysiphe necator is associated exclusively with mature leaves. This is the first report of both E. quercicola and E. necator causing cashew powdery mildew, and the first detection of E. necator on cashew.
The timeline development of female canine germ cells
Authors: de Souza Aline F. , de Ramos Eloise. C. , Cury Fabio S. , Pieri Naira Caroline G. , Martins Daniele S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring the sex differentiation, the primordial germ cells (PGCs) pass through a differentiation, becoming spermatogonial cells in males and oocytes in females. In this phase, there is difference in gene expression and differentiation potency between males and females. Specific cell markers have been essential in the PGC meiosis beginning and become oocyte cells. However, there are few studies about germline in domestic animals. The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is an interesting animal model to be used in the investigation about the mammal development because it has several biochemical and physiological similarities to humans. In addition, some additional investigations about dogs may contribute to a better understanding of the biology and genetic components, improving clinical veterinary and zoological sciences. Here, we elucidated by immunofluorescence and quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), the dynamics of the expression of pluripotent (POU5F1 and NANOG) and germline (DDX4, DAZL and DPPA3) markers that are very important in the development of female canine germ cells during 35–50 days post‐fertilization (dpf). The female canine germ cells were positive for pluripotent markers during middle developmental period. The number of DDX4, DAZL and DPPA3 cells increased along the germ cell maturation from 45 to 50 dpf. We provided an expression analysis of the pluripotent and germline markers in paraffin sections using the middle and later periods in female canine germ cells. The results can contribute the understanding about the timeline of each marker along the maturation of female canine germ cells. These results have a great significance to demonstrate the germ cell profile changes because it may allow the development of protocols about in vitro germ cell derivation.
Organic or conventional dairy farming in northern Spain: Impacts on cow reproductive performance
Authors: Rodríguez‐Bermúdez Ruth , Fouz Ramiro , Miranda Marta , Orjales Inmaculada , Minervino Antonio Humberto Hamad , López‐Alonso Marta 
Published: April 2019

ContentsOrganic farming has traditionally given preference to indigenous breeds that are well adapted to local conditions; however, current trends towards increased yields may produce less robust animals with potentially low fertility. The Holstein‐Friesian breed dominates dairy sector, although there is a general concern that these cows may not be well adapted to organic systems. This study aims to evaluate the reproductive performance of organic dairy herds in northern Spain, by comparing organically reared Holstein‐Friesian with their counterparts reared on conventional farms and also with other organically reared breeds and crosses. Reproductive parameters were obtained for individual cows on organic, conventional pasture‐based and conventional zero‐grazing farms. The reproductive performance of Holstein‐Friesian cows was slightly better in organic systems than in pasture‐based conventional systems, but not than in zero‐grazing conventional systems. The comparison of reproductive performance of Holstein‐Friesian from organic and conventional systems and with other organically reared breeds and crosses enabled us to demonstrate that it is not the organic system that constrains the reproductive performance of Holstein‐Friesian, but that the manifestation of oestrus is less marked than in other breeds. Breeding selection considering reproductive traits and appropriate management of oestrous detection would improve the reproductive performance of Holstein‐Friesian cows.
MF59 adjuvant enhances the immunogenicity and protective immunity of the OmpK/Omp22 fusion protein from Acineterbacter baumannii through intratracheal inoculation in mice
Authors: Yang Ai‐qiong , Yang Hai‐yan , Guo San‐jun , Xie Yong‐en 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii (A baumannii) is an emerging nosocomial pathogenic bacterium which leads to hospital infections. The increase in drug‐resistant A baumannii strains makes it difficult to control by using common antibiotics. The development of effective vaccines is an alternative means to avoid A baumannii infections. In the present study, Balb/c mice were inoculated intratracheally with 30 μg of OmpK/Omp22 fusion protein alone or OmpK/Omp22 formulated with MF59 adjuvant. After two times of boosting at day 14 and 21, the antigen‐specific antibody levels and the protective immunity against A baumannii challenge were evaluated. The results showed that the OmpK/Omp22 formulated with MF59 immunized mice produced much higher level of antigen‐specific antibodies compared to mice immunized with OmpK/Omp22 alone (P < 0.01). Mice immunized with 30 μg of OmpK/Omp22 formulated with MF59 also provided more potent protection post‐challenge, which showed lower bacterial loads in the blood and lung tissue, lower level of blood inflammatory cytokines and higher survival rate (83.3%) than mice immunized with OmpK/Omp22 alone (P < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that OmpK/Omp22 fusion protein adjuvanted with MF59 induced superior immune response and better protection than OmpK/Omp22 alone through intratracheal inoculation in mice.
Large dyke intrusion and small eruption: The December 24, 2018 Mt. Etna eruption imaged by Sentinel‐1 data
Authors: Bonforte Alessandro , Guglielmino Francesco , Puglisi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOn December 24th, Mt. Etna volcano underwent a seismic crisis beneath the summit and upper southern flank of the volcano, accompanied by significant ash emission. Eruptive fissures opened at the base of summit craters, propagating SE‐wards. This lateral eruption lasted until December 27th. Despite the small eruption, seismic swarm and ground deformation were very strong. Sentinel‐1 interferograms show a wide and intense ground deformation with some additional features related to volcano‐tectonic structures. We inverted DInSAR data to characterise the magma intrusion. The resulting model indicates that a large dyke intruded but aborted its upraise at about the sea level; however, this big intrusion stretched the edifice, promoting the opening of the eruptive fissures fed by a shallower small dyke, and activating also several faults. This model highlights that a big intrusion beneath a structurally complex volcano represents a main issue even if the eruption is aborted.
MaizeNet: a co‐functional network for network‐assisted systems genetics in Zea mays
Authors: Lee Tak , Lee Sungho , Yang Sunmo , Lee Insuk 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMaize (Zea mays) has multiple uses in human food, animal fodder, starch and sweetener production and as a biofuel, and is accordingly the most extensively cultivated cereal worldwide. To enhance maize production, genetic factors underlying important agricultural traits, including stress tolerance and flowering, have been explored through forward and reverse genetics approaches. Co‐functional gene networks are systems biology resources useful in identifying trait‐associated genes in plants by prioritizing candidate genes. Here, we present MaizeNet (http://www.inetbio.org/maizenet/), a genome‐scale co‐functional network of Z. mays genes, and a companion web server for network‐assisted systems genetics. We describe the validation of MaizeNet network quality and its ability to functionally predict molecular pathways and complex traits in maize. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MaizeNet‐based prioritization of candidate genes can facilitate the identification of cell wall biosynthesis genes and detect network communities associated with flowering‐time candidate genes derived from genome‐wide association studies. The demonstrated gene prioritization and subnetwork analysis can be conducted by simply submitting maize gene models based on the commonly used B73 RefGen_v3 and the latest B73 RefGen_v4 reference genomes on the MaizeNet web server. MaizeNet‐based network‐assisted systems genetics will substantially accelerate the discovery of trait‐associated genes for crop improvement.