bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of fetal atrioventricular time intervals: A comparison of 3 spectral Doppler techniques
Authors: Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Kolakarnprasert Kamonwan , Chanprapaph Pharuhas , Sklansky Mark , Mongkolchat Nadda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo establish nomograms for fetal atrioventricular (AV) time intervals assessed by 3 different pulsed‐wave Doppler techniques: left ventricular inflow and outflow tracts (LV in/out), superior vena cava and ascending aorta (SVC/AA), and pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein (PA/PV).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in 311 normal fetuses divided into 5 groups between 16 and 38 weeks. Pulsed‐wave Doppler‐derived AV intervals were measured by interrogation of flow in LV in/out, SVC/AA, and PA/PV. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine correlations with gestational age (GA) and fetal heart rate (FHR). Intraclass correlation coefficients for reproducibility of each method were compared.ResultsPulmonary artery and pulmonary vein revealed the longest mean AV time intervals (P < .001). The AV intervals in all methods were positively correlated with GA (R2 = 0.20‐0.36; P < .001) and negatively correlated with FHR (R2 = 0.09‐0.19; P < .001). The SCV/AA time intervals demonstrated the weakest influence of FHR. For LV in/out, SVC/AA, and PA/PV, intraobserver and interobserver reliability coefficients showed excellent agreements (all intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.80).ConclusionAll pulsed‐wave Doppler‐derived AV time intervals increased with advancing GA and decreased with increasing FHR. Fetal AV interval measurements can be obtained in a clinically viable fashion with excellent reproducibility.
Life stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression in women after cancer: The mediating effect of stress appraisal and coping
Authors: Seib Charrlotte , Porter‐Steele Janine , Ng Shu‐Kay , Turner Jane , McGuire Amanda , McDonald Nicole , Balaam Sarah , Yates Patsy , McCarthy Alexandra , Anderson Debra 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis paper examines the direct and intermediary relationships between life stress, stress appraisal, and resilience, and increased anxiety and depressive symptoms in Australian women after cancer treatment.MethodsData examined from 278 women aged 18 years and older previously treated for breast, gynaecological, or blood cancer, participating in the Australian Women's Wellness after Cancer Program. Serial mediation models interrogated the effect of stressful life events (List of Threatening Experiences—Modified) mediated by appraisal and coping (Perceived Stress Scale and Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale), on symptoms of anxiety and depression (Zung Self‐rating Anxiety Scale and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale).ResultsOver one‐quarter (30.2%) of participants reported 1 or more stressful life events, other than their cancer, in the previous 6 months. Results indicate that perceived stress fully mediated the relationships between life stress, anxiety (indirect effect = 0.09, Bias‐corrected bootstrap 95% CI 0.02‐0.18, Percent mediation = 0.51), and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = 0.11, Bias‐corrected bootstrap 95% CI 0.02‐0.23, Percent mediation = 0.71) and accounted for more than half of the relationship between predictor and outcome.ConclusionsFindings indicate that stress appraisal mediated the relationship between past life stressors and anxiety and depressive symptoms. This analysis also highlights the need to consider wellness within a broader care context to identify potentially vulnerable patients to possibly avert future health concerns.
Stimulating effect of palmitate and insulin on cell migration and proliferation in PNT1A and PC3 prostate cells: Counteracting role of metformin
Authors: Landim Breno C. , de Jesus Mariana M. , Bosque Beatriz P. , Zanon Renata G. , da Silva Claudio V. , Góes Rejane M. , Ribeiro Daniele L. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundA potential association between obesity and prostate cancer has been proposed. Metformin, an antidiabetes drug, has antiproliferative effects being proposed for cancer treatment. However, under intense proliferative stimulation conditions such as those found in obesity, its efficacy is still uncertain. Thus, we analyzed the effects of saturated fatty acid and/or insulin under high concentrations, with or without metformin, on the proliferation and migration of prostate cells.MethodsHuman prostate epithelial cell lines non‐tumor (PNT1A) and tumor (PC3) were treated with control media (DMEM, C), palmitate (100 µM, HF), and/or insulin (50 µU, HI) with or without metformin (100 µM) for 24 or 48 h.ResultsBoth PNT1A and PC3 cells had greater proliferation when treated with HF, while HI treatment stimulated only PNT1A. Metformin inhibited cell proliferation caused by HF in both cell lines, but it did not block the proliferative action of HI in PNT1A cells. PNT1A increased cell migration after all treatments, while only HF influenced PC3; metformin inhibited the migration stimulated by all obese microenvironments. Both HF and HI treatments in PNT1A and HF treatment in PC3 augmented vimentin expression, resulting in a higher epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (which, in turn, could influence cell migration). Metformin inhibited vimentin expression in both normal and tumor cells. Although HF treatment had increased AMPK activation, it also increased the levels of activated ERK1/2, which could be responsible for high cell proliferation in both cell lines. In contrast, HI decreased AMPK activation in both cell lines, whereas it increased ERK1/2 levels in PNT1A and decreased them in PC3 (reflecting greater cell proliferation only in non‐tumor cells). Metformin maintained high activation of AMPK and decreased ERK1/2 levels after HF in both cell lines and only after HI in PNT1A, which was able to decrease the cell proliferation triggered by these treatments.ConclusionsHigher concentrations of palmitate on PC3 cells and palmitate and insulin on PNT1A cells stimulate cellular activities that could favor cancer progression. Metformin inhibited most of these stimuli, showing the efficacy of this drug for cancer adjuvant therapy in obese patients (a group at increased risk for the development of prostrate cancer).
Organic carbon storage in floodplain soils of the U.S. prairies
Authors: Wohl E. , Pfeiffer A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo data sources, field‐collected samples and values in the NRCS SSURGO database, were used to estimate organic carbon concentration (%) and stock (Mg C/ha) in floodplain soils along rivers of the tallgrass and shortgrass prairie within the United States. Field sampling of 6 sites in the tallgrass prairie and 6 sites in the shortgrass prairie (total sample size of 370 vertical cores) indicates that percent organic carbon within a planar cross section through floodplain sediment at a site is spatially heterogeneous and does not decline systematically with depth, but statistical analyses indicate that soil organic carbon is randomly distributed. The median values of organic carbon concentration at both field‐sampled and sites remotely sampled based on soil maps in the tallgrass prairie are significantly higher than those of the shortgrass prairie. Median values of organic carbon stock are not significantly different between those obtained from forested sites for comparison and either shortgrass or tallgrass prairie sites but are significantly higher at tallgrass than at shortgrass prairie sites. These results are surprising because upland net primary productivity in prairies is lower than in forested sites. We infer that the historical abundance of floodplain wetlands in river corridors of the tallgrass prairie results in high organic carbon stocks in tallgrass prairie river corridors. This implies that management designed to enhance carbon sequestration should focus on floodplain soils, especially in the tallgrass prairie region, as well as on upland forests.
Active Sites Engineering toward Superior Carbon‐Based Oxygen Reduction Catalysts via Confinement Pyrolysis
Authors: Wang Sidi , He Qun , Wang Changda , Jiang Hongliang , Wu Chuanqiang , Chen Shuangming , Zhang Guobin , Song Li 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeveloping efficient and low‐cost defective carbon‐based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential to metal–air batteries and fuel cells. Active sites engineering toward these catalysts is highly desirable but challenging to realize boosted catalytic performance. Herein, a sandwich‐like confinement route to achieve the controllable regulation of active sites for carbon‐based catalysts is reported. In particular, three distinct catalysts including metal‐free N‐doped carbon (NC), single Co atoms dispersed NC (Co–N–C), and Co nanoparticles‐contained Co–N–C (Co/Co–N–C) are controllably realized and clearly identified by synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements suggest that the Co/Co–N–C catalyst delivers optimized ORR performance due to the rich Co–Nx active sites and their synergistic effect with metallic Co nanoparticles. This work provides deep insight for rationally designing efficient ORR catalyst based on active sites engineering.
Non-invasive Prenatal Testing: A Unique Approach with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Authors: Dhamankar Rupin , Valenti Elizabeth , Hedriana Herman L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to demonstrate the unique properties of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based approach in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). The identification of cell free fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women led to the development of NIPT. This can be performed with either a quantitative approach (massively parallel shotgun sequencing, chromosome selective sequencing) or a qualitative approach (SNP-based). NIPT tests have been shown to have superior performance as a screen for common fetal chromosome abnormalities compared with maternal serum screening. At low fetal fractions, NIPT sensitivity falls, particularly when quantitative methods are used. A SNP-based approach allows both accurate assessment of fetal fraction, and a robust test performance at lower fetal fractions. The ability of the SNP-based approach to screen for vanishing twins and maternal copy number variants reduces false positives; and the ability to make high confidence calls at lower fetal fraction, minimizes discordance between the NIPT result and the true fetal status.
Selective decline in the prevalence of slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors during development
Authors: Cahusac Peter M.B. , Senok Solomon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMerkel nerve endings are identified physiologically as slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptor units. They are important for fine acuity tactile perception. We examined the effect of age on the electrophysiological availability of different types of slowly adapting mechanoreceptor units. Using 6–50 week old rats, we observed an obvious decline with age in the probability of recording from St I units of the deep vibrissal nerve. The precipitous decline occurred between ages 6–14 weeks and then stabilized. By contrast, the prevalence of St II units, the other type of slowly adapting mechanoreceptor, remained constant over the age range studied. These observations correlate with anatomical findings reported elsewhere.
The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework for Alzheimer's disease: Perspectives from the Research Roundtable
Authors: Knopman David S. , Haeberlein Samantha Budd , Carrillo Maria C. , Hendrix James A. , Kerchner Geoff , Margolin Richard , Maruff Paul , Miller David S. , Tong Gary , Tome Maria B. , Murray Melissa E. , Nelson Peter T. , Sano Mary , Mattsson Niklas , Sultzer David L. , Montine Thomas J. , Jack Clifford R. , Kolb Hartmuth , Petersen Ronald C. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Canniere Megan Zoschg , Schneider Julie A. , Resnick Susan M. , Romano Gary , van Harten Argonde Corien , Wolk David A. , Bain Lisa J. , Siemers Eric 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable met in November 2017 to explore the new National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework for Alzheimer's disease. The meeting allowed experts in the field from academia, industry, and government to provide perspectives on the new National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework. This review will summarize the “A, T, N System” (Amyloid, Tau, and Neurodegeneration) using biomarkers and how this may be applied to clinical research and drug development. In addition, challenges and barriers to the potential adoption of this new framework will be discussed. Finally, future directions for research will be proposed.
A Qualitative Study of Paramedic Duty to Treat During Disaster Response
Authors: Smith Erin , Burkle Frederick , Gebbie Kristine , Ford David , Bensimon Cécile 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesDisasters place unprecedented demands on emergency medical services and can test paramedics personal commitment as health care professionals. Despite this challenge, guidelines and codes of ethics are largely silent on the issue, providing little to no guidance on what is expected of paramedics or how they ought to approach their duty to treat in the face of risk. The objective of this research is to explore how paramedics view their duty to treat during disasters.MethodsThe authors employed qualitative methods to gather Australian paramedic perspectives.ResultsOur findings suggest that paramedic decisions around duty to treat will largely depend on individual perception of risk and competing obligations. A code of ethics for paramedics would be useful, but ultimately each paramedic will interpret these suggested guidelines based on individual values and the situational context.ConclusionsComing to an understanding of the legal issues involved and the ethical-social expectations in advance of a disaster may assist paramedics to respond willingly and appropriately. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:191–196)
14C in Urban Secondary Carbonate Deposits: a New Tool for Environmental Study
Authors: Pons-Branchu E , Bergonzini L , Tisnérat-Laborde N , Branchu P , Dumont E , Massault M , Bultez G , Malnar D , Kaltnecker E , Dumoulin JP , Noret A , Pelletier N , Roy-Barman M 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSecondary carbonate deposits (similar to speleothems) in urban undergrounds, have been recently highlighted as powerful archives for reconstruction of the historical anthropogenic imprint on the environment. The precise chronology of these secondary carbonate deposits is a key issue for the accurate time reconstruction of environmental conditions. We present three 14C data sets for urban speleothem-like deposits that developed in contrasted man made environments. The first one was sampled in an underground technical gallery of the Palace of Versailles (France), and the other two in a manhole (Saint-Martin spring) of a historical underground aqueduct in Paris (France). The comparison of these records with the bomb peak and relative chronology (laminae counting) allowed us to identify: i) fast carbon transfer from the atmosphere to the urban underground; ii) a high proportion of dead carbon and a high damping effect in relation to possible old carbon stored within urban soils and/or the influence of local fossil carbon burning. This study also shows that the lamination of these deposits is bi-annual in these highly urbanized sites.
God from God: the essential dependence model of eternal generation
Authors: MAKIN MARK 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAccording to the doctrine of eternal generation, the Son is eternally begotten of the Father. Although the doctrine is enshrined in the Creed of Nicaea and has been affirmed by Christians for nearly 1,700 years, many Protestants have recently rejected the doctrine. Eternal generation, its detractors contend, is both philosophically and theologically suspect. In this article, I propose a model of eternal generation and demonstrate how it avoids standard philosophical and theological objections. Eternal generation, I argue, can be understood as a form of essential dependence. To say that the Son is begotten of the Father is just to say that the Son essentially depends on the Father. The essence of the Son involves the Father, but not vice versa.
Socio-economic and lifestyle determinants of giving practical support to adult children in the era of changing late life
Authors: SIREN ANU , CASIER FREYA 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTWhile research evidence indicates that older adults provide substantial amounts of financial, emotional and practical support to their adult children, little is known about the lifestyle-related drivers of providing such support or how these may be associated with changing late life in late modernity. Emerging popular discourses increasingly portray older adults as a group adopting new lifestyles, pursuing their own interests and rejecting normative family obligations. Using data from the Danish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we examine first, cohort, age and period trends in the provision of informal support in 1997–2012 in Denmark; and second, the socio-economic and lifestyle factors associated with the likelihood of providing help to adult children. We find notably that, overall, older adults’ provision of informal support to their adult children has increased over time and that active lifestyles do not decrease the provision of support to adult children. However, in later mid-life (52–62 years), having full-time employment and high work-related stress decreases the likelihood of providing help. The results indicate that while older adults play an important role in providing support, external stressors such as work–life imbalance in later life may interfere with their engagement in intergenerational relationships.
The need for flexibility when negotiating professional boundaries in the context of home care, dementia and end of life
Authors: ABRAMS RUTH , VANDREVALA TUSHNA , SAMSI KRITIKA , MANTHORPE JILL 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTProfessional boundaries may help care staff to clarify their role, manage risk and safeguard vulnerable clients. Yet there is a scarcity of evidence on how professional boundaries are negotiated in a non-clinical environment (e.g. the home) by the home-care workforce in the context of complex care needs (e.g. dementia, end-of-life care). Through analysis of semi-structured interviews, we investigated the experiences of home-care workers (N = 30) and their managers (N = 13) working for a range of home-care services in the South-East and London regions of England in 2016–17. Findings from this study indicate that home-care workers and their managers have clear perceptions of job role boundaries, yet these are modified in dementia care, particularly at end of life which routinely requires adaptability and flexibility. As a lone worker in a client's home, there may be challenges relating to safeguarding and risk to both clients and workers. The working environment exacerbates this, particularly during end-of-life care where emotional attachments to both clients and their family may affect the maintenance of professional boundaries. There is a need to adopt context-specific, flexible and inclusive attitudes to professional boundaries, which reconceptualise these to include relational care and atypical workplace conventions. Pre-set boundaries which safeguard clients and workers through psychological contracts may help to alleviate to some extent the pressure of the emotional labour undertaken by home-care workers.
NATURALEZA Y EFECTOS DE LA POLÍTICA DE PATENTES EN EL RÉGIMEN DE INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN POR SUSTITUCIÓN DE IMPORTACIONES EN MÉXICO ENTRE 1940-1970
Authors: Campa Navarro Juan Ignacio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn Mexico during the protectionist economic regime a process of industrial modernization was carried out which led to the incorporation of different types of technologies into the structures and processes of production or consumption. The patent policy was implemented with the interest of encouraging the attraction of novel technologies, but their contribution was quite limited due to the nature, design and operation, with which it was conformed. Therefore, the patent policy did not drive patenting activity in a high and sustained manner. It was ineffective to contribute to the development of technologies generated by local actors, and marginally propitiated the productive exploitation of patents.
DECISION-COMPONENTS OF NICE'S TECHNOLOGY APPRAISALS ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK
Authors: de Folter Joost , Trusheim Mark , Jonsson Pall , Garner Sarah 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: Value assessment frameworks have gained prominence recently in the context of U.S. healthcare. Such frameworks set out a series of factors that are considered in funding decisions. The UK's National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an established health technology assessment (HTA) agency. We present a novel application of text analysis that characterizes NICE's Technology Appraisals in the context of the newer assessment frameworks and present the results in a visual way.Methods: A total of 243 documents of NICE's medicines guidance from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed. Text analysis was used to identify a hierarchical set of decision factors considered in the assessments. The frequency of decision factors stated in the documents was determined and their association with terms related to uncertainty. The results were incorporated into visual representations of hierarchical factors.Results: We identified 125 decision factors, and hierarchically grouped these into eight domains: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost Effectiveness, Condition, Current Practice, Clinical Need, New Treatment, Studies, and Other Factors. Textual analysis showed all domains appeared consistently in the guidance documents. Many factors were commonly associated with terms relating to uncertainty. A series of visual representations was created.Conclusions: This study reveals the complexity and consistency of NICE's decision-making processes and demonstrates that cost effectiveness is not the only decision-criteria. The study highlights the importance of processes and methodology that can take both quantitative and qualitative information into account. Visualizations can help effectively communicate this complex information during the decision-making process and subsequently to stakeholders.
Lifespan of solutions to wave equations in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Yan Weiping 
Published: April 2018

We consider the finite-time blow-up of solutions for the following two kinds of nonlinear wave equation in de Sitter spacetime:This proof is based on a new blow-up criterion, which generalizes that by Sideris. Furthermore, we give the lifespan estimate of solutions for the problems.