bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2015 American College of Rheumatology Workforce Study: Supply and Demand Projections of Adult Rheumatology Workforce, 2015–2030
Authors: Battafarano Daniel F. , Ditmyer Marcia , Bolster Marcy B. , Fitzgerald John D. , Deal Chad , Bass Ann R. , Molina Rodolfo , Erickson Alan R. , Hausmann Jonathan S. , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa , Imundo Lisa F. , Smith Benjamin J. , Jones Karla , Greene Kamilah , Monrad Seetha U. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the character and composition of the 2015USadult rheumatology workforce, evaluate workforce trends, and project supply and demand for clinical rheumatology care for 2015–2030.MethodsThe 2015 Workforce Study of Rheumatology Specialists in theUSused primary and secondary data sources to estimate the baseline adult rheumatology workforce and determine demographic and geographic factors relevant to workforce modeling. Supply and demand was projected through 2030, utilizing data‐driven estimations regarding the proportion and clinical full‐time equivalent (FTE) of academic versus nonacademic practitioners.ResultsThe 2015 adult workforce (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) was estimated to be 6,013 providers (5,415 clinicalFTE). At baseline, the estimated demand exceeded the supply of clinicalFTEby 700 (12.9%). By 2030, the supply of rheumatology clinical providers is projected to fall to 4,882 providers, or 4,051 clinicalFTE(a 25.2% decrease in supply from 2015 baseline levels). Demand in 2030 is projected to exceed supply by 4,133 clinicalFTE(102%).ConclusionThe adult rheumatology workforce projections reflect a major demographic and geographic shift that will significantly impact the supply of the future workforce by 2030. These shifts include baby‐boomer retirements, a millennial predominance, and an increase of female and part‐time providers, in parallel with an increased demand for adult rheumatology care due to the growing and agingUSpopulation. Regional and innovative strategies will be necessary to manage access to care and reduce barriers to care for rheumatology patients.
bFGF and Poly‐RGD Cooperatively Establish Biointerface for Stem Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Differentiation
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wang Yong , Yin Yi‐Xia , Wei Rui‐Peng , Ying Guo‐Liang , Li Bin‐Bin , Qiu Tong , van Rijn Patrick , Tian Ge , Yan Qiong‐Jiao , Dai Hong‐Lian , Busscher Henk J. , Li Shi‐Pu , Yetisen Ali K. , Yang Xiao‐Yu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBiointerface design is widely used to functionalize biomaterials with controllable physicochemical properties. Functionalized biointerface provides a versatile platform to connect biological entities and nonbiogenic materials. Existing nanofabrication approaches to create such a nanostructured biointerface involve in low stability of the functionalized nanolayer and simple functionalities that limit its applicability. Here, a stable nanolayered synthetic polypeptide (poly[LA‐co‐(Glc‐alt‐Lys)] and modified with arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid, PRGD)/basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) biointerface is created via structural matching, charge interaction, and hydrogen bonding. The cooperative effect of the PRGD/bFGF biointerface shows multiple functionalities in promoting stem cell adhesion by 33% increase in cell adhesion to poly(d,l‐lactic acid) substrate as compared to experiments on bare substrate as a control. Moreover, the biointerface enhances proliferation by 40% in cell density, potential differentiation by 62%, and gene expression by 40 and 80% respectively as compared to the control samples. The fabricated biointerface may have applications in nerve regeneration, tissue repair, and stem cell‐based therapy.
The First Photochromic Affinity Switch for the Human Cannabinoid Receptor 2
Authors: Dolles Dominik , Strasser Andrea , Wittmann Hans‐Joachim , Marinelli Oliviero , Nabissi Massimo , Pertwee Roger G. , Decker Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe hCB2R plays an important in the immune system and is centrally expressed in microglia. The hCB2R activated by agonists hold great therapeutic potential, e.g., in neuroinflammation. It is currently not yet elucidated how pathophysiological processes are mediated by the hCB2R. Here, photochromic affinity switches based on a drugable benzimidazole core through azologization and computational studies are developed. Structure‐activity relationships (SARs) lead to compounds with high selectivity over hCB1R that can be reversibly switched to a higher affinity cis‐form proved on the receptor level by radioligand binding studies and translating into an affinity change in a functional GTPγS assay. cAMP ELISA and the change in expression level of two genes regulated by CREB proves that the compounds act as partial agonists.
Emergent Pseudocapacitance of 2D Nanomaterials
Authors: Yu Xu , Yun Sol , Yeon Jeong Seok , Bhattacharya Pallab , Wang Libin , Lee Seung Woo , Hu Xianluo , Park Ho Seok 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are very attractive due to their unique structural and surface features for energy storage applications. Motivated by the recent pioneering works demonstrating “the emergent pseudocapacitance of 2D nanomaterials,” the energy storage and nanoscience communities could revisit bulk layered materials though state‐of‐the‐art nanotechnology such as nanostructuring, nanoarchitecturing, and compositional control. However, no review has focused on the fundamentals, recent progress, and outlook on this new mechanism of 2D nanomaterials yet. In this study, the key aspects of emergent pseudocapacitors based on 2D nanomaterials are comprehensively reviewed, which covers the history, classification, thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, electrochemical characteristics, and design guidelines of materials for extrinsically surface redox and intercalation pseudocapacitors. The structural and compositional controls of graphene and other carbon nanosheets, transition metal oxides and hydroxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal carbide/nitride on both microscopic and macroscopic levels will be particularly addressed, emphasizing the important results published since 2010. Finally, perspectives on the current impediments and future directions of this field are offered. Unlimited combinations and modifications of 2D nanomaterials can provide a rational strategy to overcome intrinsic limitations of existing materials, offering a new‐generation energy storage materials toward a high and new position in the Ragone plot.
Dental enamel defects predict adolescent health indicators: A cohort study among the Tsimane’ of Bolivia
Authors: Masterson Erin E. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Mancl Lloyd A. , Eisenberg Dan T. A. , Conde Esther , Hujoel Philippe P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesBioarchaeological findings have linked defective enamel formation in preadulthood with adult mortality. We investigated how defective enamel formation in infancy and childhood is associated with risk factors for adult morbidity and mortality in adolescents.MethodsThis cohort study of 349 Amerindian adolescents (10‐17 years of age) related extent of enamel defects on the central maxillary incisors (none, less than 1/3, 1/3 to 2/3, more than 2/3) to adolescent anthropometrics (height, weight) and biomarkers (hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and blood pressure). Risk differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multiple linear regression. Enamel defects and stunted growth were compared in their ability to predict adolescent health indicators using log‐binomial regression and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs).ResultsGreater extent of defective enamel formation on the tooth surface was associated with shorter height (–1.35 cm, 95% CI: −2.17, −0.53), lower weight (−0.98 kg, 95% CI: −1.70, −0.26), lower hemoglobin (−0.36 g/dL, 95% CI: −0.59, −0.13), lower glycated hemoglobin (−0.04 %A1c, 95% CI: −0.08, −0.00008), and higher white blood cell count (0.74 109/L, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.14) in adolescence. Extent of enamel defects and stunted growth independently performed similarly as risk factors for adverse adolescent outcomes, including anemia, prediabetes/type II diabetes, elevated WBC count, prehypertension/hypertension, and metabolic health.ConclusionsDefective enamel formation in infancy and childhood predicted adolescent health outcomes and may be primarily associated with infection. Extent of enamel defects and stunted growth may be equally predictive of adverse adolescent health outcomes.
Archaeogenetics of Late Iron Age Çemialo Sırtı, Batman: Investigating maternal genetic continuity in north Mesopotamia since the Neolithic
Authors: Yaka Reyhan , Birand Ayşegül , Yılmaz Yasemin , Caner Ceren , Açan Sinan Can , Gündüzalp Sidar , Parvizi Poorya , Erim Özdoğan Aslı , Togan İnci , Somel Mehmet 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesNorth Mesopotamia has witnessed dramatic social change during the Holocene, but the impact of these events on its demographic history is poorly understood. Here, we study this question by analysing genetic data from the recently excavated Late Iron Age settlement of Çemialo Sırtı in Batman, southeast Turkey. Archaeological and radiocarbon evidence indicate that the site was inhabited during the second and first millennia BCE. Çemialo Sırtı reveals nomadic items of the Early Iron Age, as well as items associated with the Late Achaemenid and subsequent Hellenistic Periods. We compare Çemialo Sırtı mitochondrial DNA profiles with earlier and later populations from west Eurasia to describe genetic continuity patterns in the region.Materials and methodsA total of 16 Çemialo Sırtı individuals' remains were studied. PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to obtain mitochondrial DNA HVRI‐HVRII sequences. We studied haplotype diversity and pairwise genetic distances usingFST, comparing the Çemialo Sırtı population with ancient and modern‐day populations from west Eurasia. Coalescent simulations were carried out to test continuity for specific population comparisons.ResultsMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes from 12 Çemialo Sırtı individuals reveal high haplotype diversity in this population, conspicuously higher than early Holocene west Eurasian populations, which supports the notion of increasing population admixture in west Eurasia through the Holocene. In its mtDNA composition, Çemialo Sırtı shows highest affinity to Neolithic north Syria and Neolithic Anatolia among ancient populations studied, and to modern‐day southwest Asian populations. Based on population genetic simulations we cannot reject continuity between Neolithic and Iron Age, or between Iron Age and present‐day populations of the region.DiscussionDespite the region's complex sociopolitical history and indication for increased genetic diversity over time, we find no evidence for sharp shifts in north Mesopotamian maternal genetic composition within the last 10,000 years.
Predicting clinical diagnosis in Huntington's disease: An imaging polymarker
Authors: Mason Sarah L. , Daws Richard E. , Soreq Eyal , Johnson Eileanoir B. , Scahill Rachael I. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Barker Roger A. , Hampshire Adam 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveHuntington's disease (HD) gene carriers can be identified before clinical diagnosis; however, statistical models for predicting when overt motor symptoms will manifest are too imprecise to be useful at the level of the individual. Perfecting this prediction is integral to the search for disease modifying therapies. This study aimed to identify an imaging marker capable of reliably predicting real‐life clinical diagnosis in HD.MethodA multivariate machine learning approach was applied to resting‐state and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 19 premanifest HD gene carriers (preHD, 8 of whom developed clinical disease in the 5 years postscanning) and 21 healthy controls. A classification model was developed using cross‐group comparisons between preHD and controls, and within the preHD group in relation to “estimated” and “actual” proximity to disease onset. Imaging measures were modeled individually, and combined, and permutation modeling robustly tested classification accuracy.ResultsClassification performance for preHDs versus controls was greatest when all measures were combined. The resulting polymarker predicted converters with high accuracy, including those who were not expected to manifest in that time scale based on the currently adopted statistical models.InterpretationWe propose that a holistic multivariate machine learning treatment of brain abnormalities in the premanifest phase can be used to accurately identify those patients within 5 years of developing motor features of HD, with implications for prognostication and preclinical trials. Ann Neurol 2018;83:532–543
Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Hydroalkenylation of Imines with Styrene and Its Derivatives
Authors: Xiao Li‐Jun , Zhao Chao‐Yue , Cheng Lei , Feng Bo‐Ya , Feng Wei‐Min , Xie Jian‐Hua , Xu Xiu‐Fang , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA nickel(0)‐catalyzed hydroalkenylation of imines with styrene and its derivatives is described. A wide range of aromatic and aliphatic imines directly coupled with styrene and its derivatives, thus providing various synthetically useful allylic amines with up to 95 % yield. The reaction offers a new atom‐ and step‐economical approach to allylic amines by using alkenes instead of alkenyl‐metallic reagents. Experiments and DFT calculations showed that TsNH2 promotes the proton transfer from the coordinated olefin to the imine, accompanied by a new C−C bond formation.
A Cisplatin‐Loaded Immunochemotherapeutic Nanohybrid Bearing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Enhanced Cervical Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Zhigang , Xu Zoufeng , Chen Xianfeng , Zhu Guangyu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe efficacy of conventional chemotherapy is hindered by cancer cell escape from the immune system. A multifunctional nanohybrid system is reported for effective immunochemotherapy against cervical cancer. This nanohybrid contains both immune checkpoint inhibitor and cisplatin anticancer prodrug, showing improved cellular accumulation and increased binding of Pt to DNA and resulting in elevated apoptosis than using cisplatin alone when tested in cervical cancer cells. The immune checkpoint inhibitor enables the inhibition of indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase and reverses immunosuppressive T cells to recognize cancer cells, leading to T cell proliferation and activation, cancer cell cycle arrest, and ultimately increased cancer cell death. The nanohybrid is also active in vivo against the growth of human cervical tumors. Overall, a strategy is provided using a multifunctional nanohybrid system to boost the antitumor activity of cisplatin.
Classifying Degraded Modern Polymeric Museum Artefacts by Their Smell
Authors: Curran Katherine , Underhill Mark , Grau‐Bové Josep , Fearn Tom , Gibson Lorraine T. , Strlič Matija 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe use of VOC analysis to diagnose degradation in modern polymeric museum artefacts is reported. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis is a successful method for diagnosing medical conditions but to date has found little application in museums. Modern polymers are increasingly found in museum collections but pose serious conservation difficulties owing to unstable and widely varying formulations. Solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and linear discriminant analysis were used to classify samples according to the length of time they had been artificially degraded. Accuracies in classification of 50–83 % were obtained after validation with separate test sets. The method was applied to three artefacts from collections at Tate to detect evidence of degradation. This approach could be used for any material in heritage collections and more widely in the field of polymer degradation.
Parasitism and venom of ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani impairs host cellular immunity
Authors: Li Li‐Fang , Xu Zhi‐Wen , Liu Nai‐Yong , Wu Guo‐Xing , Ren Xue‐Min , Zhu Jia‐Ying 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVenom is a prominently maternal virulent factor utilized by parasitoids to overcome hosts immune defense. With respect to roles of this toxic mixture involved in manipulating hosts immunity, great interest has been mostly restricted to Ichneumonoidea parasitoids associated with polydnavirus (PDV), of which venom is usually considered as a helper component to enhance the role of PDV, and limited Chalcidoidea species. In contrast, little information is available in other parasitoids, especially ectoparasitic species not carrying PDV. The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani injects venom into its host, Tenebrio molitor, implying its venom was involved in suppression of hosts immune response for successful parasitism. Thus, we investigated the effects of parasitism and venom of this parasitoid on counteracting the cellular immunity of its host by examining changes of hemocyte counts, and hemocyte spreading and encapsulation ability. Total hemocyte counts were elevated in parasitized and venom‐injected pupae. The spreading behavior of both granulocytes and plasmatocytes was impaired by parasitization and venom. High concentration of venom led to more severely increased hemocyte counts and suppression of hemocyte spreading. The ability of hemocyte encapsulation was inhibited by venom in vitro. In addition to immediate effects observed, venom showed persistent interference in hosts cellular immunity. These results indicate that venom alone from S. guani plays a pivotal role in blocking hosts cellular immune response, serving as a regulator that guarantees the successful development of its progenies. The findings provide a foundation for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms in immune inhibitory action of S. guani venom.
Spatial navigation from same and different directions: The role of executive functions, memory and attention in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ring Melanie , Gaigg Sebastian B. , de Condappa Olivier , Wiener Jan M. , Bowler Dermot M. 
Published: February 2018

To resolve some of the inconsistencies in existing research into spatial navigation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we tested two large age‐ and ability‐matched groups of ASD and typically developing (TD) participants for their spatial navigation abilities in a route learning task, which has been shown to shed light on the strategies participants employ when navigating complex environments. Participants studied a route through a virtual maze by watching a short video of a first‐person perspective navigating a maze. The maze included four four‐way intersections that were each marked with two unique landmarks in two corners of the intersection. At test, static images of the intersections, either as seen during the video or as approached from a different direction, were presented and participants had to indicate in which direction they would need to travel (straight, left, or right) in order to follow the originally studied route. On both types of test trials, the ASD group performed worse and their difficulties were related to reduced cognitive flexibility. Eye‐movement data and follow‐up item‐memory tests suggested that navigation difficulties may have been related to differences in attention during encoding and less spontaneous use of landmarks as cues for navigation. Spatial navigation performance was best predicted by memory for landmarks as well as by executive functions. The results are discussed in relation to theories of underlying navigation‐related brain regions. More research is needed to disentangle the influence of executive functions, memory and attention on spatial navigation. Autism Res 2018, 11: 798–810. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryNavigating an environment is difficult for people with ASD independent of whether they are travelling in the same or in a different direction from that which they originally studied. The present study suggests that flexibility in alternating travel directions, difficulties in remembering landmarks as well as reduced attention to landmarks while learning a route play a role in the navigation difficulties in ASD. Guidance at route learning might help autistic individuals to improve their ability to navigate in their environments.
Goal prediction in 2‐year‐old children with and without autism spectrum disorder: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Krogh‐Jespersen Sheila , Kaldy Zsuzsa , Valadez Annalisa Groth , Carter Alice S. , Woodward Amanda L. 
Published: February 2018

This study examined the predictive reasoning abilities of typically developing (TD) infants and 2‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an eye‐tracking paradigm. Participants watched a video of a goal‐directed action in which a human actor reached for and grasped one of two objects. At test, the objects switched locations. Across these events, we measured: visual anticipation of the action outcome with kinematic cues (i.e., a completed reaching behavior); goal prediction of the action outcome without kinematic cues (i.e., an incomplete reach); and latencies to generate predictions across these two tasks. Results revealed similarities in action anticipation across groups when trajectory information regarding the intended goal was present; however, when predicting the goal without kinematic cues, developmental and diagnostic differences became evident. Younger TD children generated goal‐based visual predictions, whereas older TD children were not systematic in their visual predictions. In contrast to both TD groups, children with ASD generated location‐based predictions, suggesting that their visual predictions may reflect visuomotor perseveration. Together, these results suggest differences in early predictive reasoning abilities. Autism Res 2018, 11: 870–882. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe current study examines the ability to generate visual predictions regarding other people's goal‐directed actions, specifically reaching and grasping an object, in infants and children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Results showed no differences in abilities when movement information about a person's goal was evident; however, differences were evident across age and clinical diagnoses when relying on previous knowledge to generate a visual prediction.
Aktuelle Tendenzen in der Betonbautechnik – Ein Ausblick mit kurzen Rückblicken
Authors: Meyer Lars , Fingerloos Frank , Schwabach Enrico , Wiens Udo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHerrn Professor Dr.‐Ing. Jürgen Schnell zu seinem 65. Geburtstag gewidmet„Die Zukunft kommt in Raten. Das macht es leichter, mit ihr zurechtzukommen. Aber sie kommt. Deshalb ist der Blick nach vorn lohnend. Was bringt die Zukunft für das Bauwesen?“ – Mit diesen Worten beginnt in der Festschrift zum 100jährigen Bestehen des DBV [1] der „Ausblick in die Zukunft“. Der Autor dieses Ausblicks war Jürgen Schnell, dem dieser Beitrag gewidmet ist. Diese Widmung erfolgt anlässlich seines 65. Geburtstages, den er im Februar 2018 feiert, und in Anerkennung seiner vielfältigen Leistungen für die Betonbauweise – sowie für den DAfStb und den DBV. Anknüpfend an die Worte des Jubilars, soll sich dieser Beitrag auch mit einem Ausblick befassen. Jedoch ausgerichtet auf die Nahperspektive – also einigen solcher Themen, die derzeit in der Betonbau‐Fachwelt beraten und diskutiert werden.