bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient (>10%) Flexible Organic Solar Cells on PEDOT‐Free and ITO‐Free Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Seo Ki‐Won , Lee Jaemin , Jo Jihwan , Cho Changsoon , Lee Jung‐Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA novel approach to fabricate flexible organic solar cells is proposed without indium tin oxide (ITO) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using junction‐free metal nanonetworks (NNs) as transparent electrodes. The metal NNs are monolithically etched using nanoscale shadow masks, and they exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance. Furthermore, the optoelectrical properties of the NNs can be controlled by both the initial metal layer thickness and NN density. Hence, with an extremely thin silver layer, the appropriate density control of the networks can lead to high transmittance and low sheet resistance. Such NNs can be utilized for thin‐film devices without planarization by conductive materials such as PEDOT:PSS. A highly efficient flexible organic solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.6% and high device yield (93.8%) is fabricated on PEDOT‐free and ITO‐free transparent electrodes. Furthermore, the flexible solar cell retains 94.3% of the initial PCE even after 3000 bending stress tests (strain: 3.13%).
Polymer‐Assisted Metal Deposition (PAMD) for Flexible and Wearable Electronics: Principle, Materials, Printing, and Devices
Authors: Li Peng , Zhang Yaokang , Zheng Zijian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of flexible and wearable electronics favors low‐cost, solution‐processing, and high‐throughput techniques for fabricating metal contacts, interconnects, and electrodes on flexible substrates of different natures. Conventional top‐down printing strategies with metal‐nanoparticle‐formulated inks based on the thermal sintering mechanism often suffer from overheating, rough film surface, low adhesion, and poor metal quality, which are not desirable for most flexible electronic applications. In recent years, a bottom‐up strategy termed as polymer‐assisted metal deposition (PAMD) shows great promise in addressing the abovementioned challenges. Here, a detailed review of the development of PAMD in the past decade is provided, covering the fundamental chemical mechanism, the preparation of various soft and conductive metallic materials, the compatibility to different printing technologies, and the applications for a wide variety of flexible and wearable electronic devices. Finally, the attributes of PAMD in comparison with conventional nanoparticle strategies are summarized and future technological and application potentials are elaborated.
Photonic Engineering Technology for the Development of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers
Authors: Zeng Yongquan , Qiang Bo , Wang Qi Jie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser (QCL) is an electrically pumped semiconductor laser based on the inter‐subband electron transitions in a multiple‐quantum‐well heterostructure. Comparing with many other THz wave generation methods, THz QCL is mostly developed with compact fingerprint, high power, and high efficiency in the demanding frequency range of 0.8–5.4 THz with the aid of advanced electronic engineering technology of the active materials. This triggers various important applications including nonlinear optics, astronomy, imaging, sensing, and spectroscopy. However, the applications of THz QCL require good output characteristics in terms of the emission spectrum, beam quality, power efficiency, and polarization control, which are beyond the reach of the electronic engineering techniques. The main focus here is placed on photonic engineering of the THz QCLs with attention to the significant improvement of THz QCL output characteristics. Various photonic solutions to manipulate the laser output are thoroughly reviewed. Some innovative photonic designs with impressive achievements are highlighted. Nonconventional cavities with exotic physics and special functionalities are also discussed in the end, which may be exploited for potential applications in the future.
A Neuromorphic Device Implemented on a Salmon‐DNA Electrolyte and its Application to Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kang Dong‐Ho , Kim Jeong‐Hoon , Oh Seyong , Park Hyung‐Youl , Dugasani Sreekantha Reddy , Kang Beom‐Seok , Choi Changhwan , Choi Rino , Lee Sungjoo , Park Sung Ha , Heo Keun , Park Jin‐Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA bioinspired neuromorphic device operating as synapse and neuron simultaneously, which is fabricated on an electrolyte based on Cu2+‐doped salmon deoxyribonucleic acid (S‐DNA) is reported. Owing to the slow Cu2+ diffusion through the base pairing sites in the S‐DNA electrolyte, the synaptic operation of the S‐DNA device features special long‐term plasticity with negative and positive nonlinearity values for potentiation and depression (αp and αd), respectively, which consequently improves the learning/recognition efficiency of S‐DNA‐based neural networks. Furthermore, the representative neuronal operation, “integrate‐and‐fire,” is successfully emulated in this device by adjusting the duration time of the input voltage stimulus. In particular, by applying a Cu2+ doping technique to the S‐DNA neuromorphic device, the characteristics for synaptic weight updating are enhanced (|αp|: 31→20, |αd|: 11→18, weight update margin: 33→287 nS) and also the threshold conditions for neuronal firing (amplitude and number of stimulus pulses) are modulated. The improved synaptic characteristics consequently increase the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) pattern recognition rate from 38% to 44% (single‐layer perceptron model) and from 89.42% to 91.61% (multilayer perceptron model). This neuromorphic device technology based on S‐DNA is expected to contribute to the successful implementation of a future neuromorphic system that simultaneously satisfies high integration density and remarkable recognition accuracy.
Electrophotocatalysis with a Trisaminocyclopropenium Radical Dication
Authors: Huang He , Strater Zack M. , Rauch Michael , Shee James , Sisto Thomas J. , Nuckolls Colin , Lambert Tristan H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVisible‐light photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are two powerful strategies for the promotion of chemical reactions. Here, these two modalities are combined in an electrophotocatalytic oxidation platform. This chemistry employs a trisaminocyclopropenium (TAC) ion catalyst, which is electrochemically oxidized to form a cyclopropenium radical dication intermediate. The radical dication undergoes photoexcitation with visible light to produce an excited‐state species with oxidizing power (3.33 V vs. SCE) sufficient to oxidize benzene and halogenated benzenes via single‐electron transfer (SET), resulting in C−H/N−H coupling with azoles. A rationale for the strongly oxidizing behavior of the photoexcited species is provided, while the stability of the catalyst is rationalized by a particular conformation of the cis‐2,6‐dimethylpiperidine moieties.
Green conversion of a three‐dimensional organometallic coordination polymer to a three‐dimensional organometallic supramolecular polymer upon mechanochemical 2‐aminopyridine addition
Authors: Usefi Sahar , Akhbari Kamran , Phuruangrat Anukorn 
Published: July 2019

Green conversion of three‐dimensional organometallic [Ag2(μ6‐tp)]n (1) coordination polymer (CP) nanosheets, prepared by sonochemical procedure, to three‐dimensional organometallic [Ag2(μ4‐tp)(apy)2]n (2) (where H2tp = terephthalic acid and apy = 2‐aminopyridine) CP nanoparticles has been observed upon solid‐state mechanochemical reaction of compound 1 with 2‐aminopyridine. The AgO3Ag···C6 coordination sphere of silver ion in 1 changed to NO2Ag···C coordination sphere in 2 during this mechanochemical addition. These samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, X‐ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
Signal‐on fluorescence assay for pyrophosphate ions based on DNA‐stabilized silver nanoclusters
Authors: Xu Huifeng , Yu Lishuang , Zhang Shiqi , Xu Xueya , Chen Tingting , Ye Hongzhi , Zhu Xi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPyrophosphate anion (P2O74−, PPi) is considered as a potential biomarker for arthritic diseases because high levels of PPi may result in calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystal deposition diseases. In this study, a simple fluorescence method for PPi was demonstrated by organic integration of the efficient fluorescence quenching ability of copper ions to DNA‐scaffolded silver nanoclusters and the strong affinity of PPi towards copper ions. This simple fluorescence sensor showed a low detection limit (0.28 μM based on signal/noise = 3) towards the detection of PPi. Practical application of this method was also validated by detection of PPi in the synovial fluid.
Characterization of the metabolite of AdipoRon in rat and human liver microsomes by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ge Yingying , Yu Yongsheng , Zhang Yongjie , Li Xiaonan , Liu Qingwang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdipoRon is an orally active adiponectin receptor agonist. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolites of AdipoRon in rat and human liver microsomes using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography combined with Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap‐MS) together with data processing techniques including extracted ion chromatograms and a mass defect filter. AdipoRon (10 μm) was incubated with liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH and this resulted in a total of 11 metabolites being detected. The identities of these metabolites were characterized by comparing their accurate masses and fragment ions as well as their retention times with those of AdipoRon using MetWorks software. Metabolites M1–M3, M6, and M8–M11 were identified for the first time. Metabolite M4, the major metabolite both in rat and human liver microsomes, was further confirmed using the reference standard. Our results revealed that the metabolic pathways of AdipoRon in liver microsomes were N‐dealkylation (M2), hydroxylation (M, M5–M9), carbonyl reduction (M4) and the formation of amide (M10 and M11). Our results provide valuable information about the in vitro metabolism of AdipoRon, which would be helpful for us to understand the mechanism of the elimination of AdipoRon and, in turn, its effectiveness and toxicity.
A rare case of multiple myeloma with intracranial extramedullary relapse: One or more myeloma clones?
Authors: Markovic Uros , Calafiore Valeria , Martino Enrica , Giubbolini Rachele , Parisi Marina Silvia , Romano Alessandra , Del Fabro Vittorio , Di Raimondo Francesco , Conticello Concetta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn a minority of relapsed myeloma, patient's disease may spread into extramedullary sites, associated with high degrees of heterogeneity. The breadth of myeloma therapeutic armamentarium allows clinicians to manage its heterogeneous presentation, including intracranial relapses, with fair success resulting in a significant prolongation of survival.
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (Küttner's tumor) of the submandibular salivary gland: Our experience of one case report
Authors: Poghosyan Anna , Misakyan Martin , Sargsyan Ani , Khachatryan Parandzem , Hakobyan Gayane 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSurgical excision of the submandibular salivary gland in patients with chronic sclerosing sialadenitis can be complicated because of hyalinosis of the surrounding soft tissues. Patients with autoimmune diseases suspected of having salivary gland neoplasms or granulomatous disease should be carefully investigated for chronic sclerosing sialadenitis to prevent potential harm.
Massive subcutaneous emphysema after traumatic pneumothorax
Authors: Machairas Nikolaos , Paspala Anna , Syllaios Athanasios , Schizas Dimitrios 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA simple case/asymptomatic pneumothorax not deemed to necessitate drainage can quickly change, and patient safety can be compromised. Chest tube insertion with increased suction is considered a safe and efficient strategy in patients with extensive subcutaneous emphysema following traumatic pneumothorax.
Correlating Structure and Properties of Super‐Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions: 17O NMR and Electrochemical Characterization
Authors: Ruggeri Irene , La Monaca Andrea , De Giorgio Francesca , Soavi Francesca , Arbizzani Catia , Berbenni Vittorio , Ferrara Chiara , Mustarelli Piercarlo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSuper‐concentrated electrolyte solutions are of increasing interest for safer and more stable lithium and post‐lithium batteries. The combination of 7Li and 17O (at natural abundance) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrochemical characterization is proposed here as an effective approach to investigate the Li+ solvation structures and properties of electrolytes featuring tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) and lithium‐bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI). Five different formulations from salt‐in‐solvent to solvent‐in‐salt with LiTFSI at different concentrations (0.1 m, 0.5 m, 2 m, 4 m, 5 m) are investigated. The NMR results, also supported by physico‐chemical characterizations such as thermal gravimetric analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, specific conductivity and viscosity, give information about the association of Li+ ions with anion and solvent molecules, allowing a deeper knowledge on the relationships among structure and functional properties of super‐concentrated solutions.
Ground and Excited States of Bis‐4‐Methoxybenzyl‐Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrroles: Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Murphy Alanna S. , Killalea C. Elizabeth , Humphreys Joshua , Hume Paul A. , Cliffe Matthew J. , Murray Glen J. , Davies E. Stephen , Lewis William , Amabilino David B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of symmetrically bis‐4‐methoxybenzyl (4MB) N‐substituted 1,4‐diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (DPP) derivatives have been synthesized. The 4MB unit makes the DPP core soluble, and shows subtle modification of up to 0.2 eV in ground and excited states of the core when compared with related alkyl derivatives. Absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as electrochemical and computational methods have been employed to prove the importance of the peripheral aryl units on the donor/ acceptor properties of the molecules. The 4MB products are highly fluorescent (quantum yields approaching 100 % in solution), with a unique distribution of frontier states shown by spectroelectrochemistry. The solid‐state fluorescence correlates with the X‐ray crystal structures of the compounds, a Stokes shift of approximately 80 nm is seen for two of the compounds. The frontier energy levels show that this subtle substitutional change could be of future use in molecular energy level tailoring in these, and related, materials for organic (opto)electronics.
Genomic Mutation Identification in Mice Using Illumina Sequencing and Linux‐Based Computational Methods
Authors: Williams John A. , Powell George , Mallon Ann‐Marie , Simon Michelle M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenetically modified mice are an essential tool for modeling disease‐causing mechanisms and discovering gene function. SNP genotyping was traditionally used to associate candidate regions with traits in the mouse, but failed to reveal novel variants without further targeted sequencing. Using a robust set of computational protocols, we present a platform to enable scientists to detect variants arising from whole‐genome and exome sequencing experiments. This article guides researchers on aligning reads to the mouse genome, quality‐assurance strategies, mutation discovery, comparing mutations to previously discovered mouse SNPs, and the annotation of novel variants, in order to predict mutation consequences on the protein level. Challenges unique to the mouse are discussed, and two protocols use self‐contained containers to maintain version control and allow users to adapt our approach to new techniques by upgrading container versions. Our protocols are suited for servers or office workstations and are usable by non‐bioinformatics specialists. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fluorescence In Situ Imaging of Dendritic RNAs at Single‐Molecule Resolution
Authors: Batish Mona , Tyagi Sanjay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRNA localization is an important step in gene regulation. Imaging RNAs in fixed and live cells provides contextual information about RNA distribution in the cells. Here, we provide detailed protocols for performing single‐molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). smFISH detects mRNA molecules at single‐molecule resolution in fixed neuronal cells using ∼50 small oligonucleotide probes for each mRNA. The technique has been successfully applied to understand RNA localization and distribution in various biological systems, ranging from Drosophila to the mammalian nervous system. The probes are small enough to bind to structured RNAs or RNAs that are part of RNA‐protein complexes, thereby accounting for ∼85% of the total RNA; this enables a level of sensitivity equivalent to that of quantitative real‐time PCR, but with anatomical resolution. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tactile internet and its applications in 5G era: A comprehensive review
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Tanwar Sudeep , Tyagi Sudhanshu , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOver the last few years, communication latency has been a major hurdle for most of the applications deployed in different network domains. During this era, a number of communication protocols and standards were developed and used by the community. However, still, the problem of latency persists keeping in view of the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) for different applications. To mitigate the aforementioned issues, in this paper, we present an in‐depth survey of state‐of‐the art proposals having tactile internet as a backbone for delay mitigation using 5G networks for future ultra‐reliable low‐latency applications such as Healthcare 4.0, Industry 4.0, virtual reality and augmented reality, and smart education. From the existing proposals, it has been observed that tactile internet can provide interactions between virtual objects to give a feel of real environment with maximum latency of 1 millisecond. Also, this paper highlights the key differences between the tactile internet and Internet of Things in context with 5G revolution. Then open issues and challenges of tactile internet for smart applications are analyzed. Finally, a comparison of existing proposals with respect to various parameters is presented, which allows the end users to select one of the proposals in comparison with its merits over the others.
Multivariate interpretation of the urinary steroid profile and training‐induced modifications. The case study of a Marathon runner
Authors: Amante Eleonora , Pruner Serena , Alladio Eugenio , Salomone Alberto , Vincenti Marco , Bro Rasmus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe steroidal module of the athlete biological passport (ABP) introduced by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) in 2014 includes six endogenous androgenic steroids and five of their concentration ratios, monitored in urine samples collected repeatedly from the same athlete, whose values are interpreted by a Bayesian model on the basis of intra‐individual variability. The same steroid profile, plus dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and DHEA, was determined in 198 urine samples collected from an amateur marathon runner monitored over three months preceding an international competition. Two to three samples were collected each day and subsequently analyzed by a fully validated gas chromatography–mass spectrometry protocol. The objective of the study was to identify the potential effects of physical activity at different intensity levels on the physiological steroid profile of the athlete. The results were interpreted using principal component analysis and Hotelling's T2 vs Q residuals plots, and were compared with a profile model based on the samples collected after rest. The urine samples collected after activity of moderate or high intensity, in terms of cardiac frequency and/or distance run, proved to modify the basal steroid profile, with particular enhancement of testosterone, epitestosterone, and 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol. In contrast, all steroid concentration ratios were apparently not modified by intense exercise. The alteration of steroid profiles seemingly lasted for few hours, as most of the samples collected 6 or more hours after training showed profiles compatible with the “after rest” model. These observations issue a warning about the ABP results obtained immediately post‐competition.
Study on estimating electric potential in space between parallel electrodes
Authors: Tsujita Atsushi , Ohchi Masashi , Wakimoto Takayuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have been studying on estimating distribution of permittivity between measurement electrodes using capacitance and electric potential. Two arc electrodes were separated by long distance and there electrodes were surrounded by additional electrodes respectively. In past research work, we carried out numerical electric analysis for calculating the capacitance and electric potential using Finite Element Method (FEM) and compared with experimental and numerical results. The capacitance values were almost agreed with experimental and numerical results. However, the electric potential values were different between experimental and numerical results in conventional studies. In this paper, we proposed an equivalent circuit including the stray capacity and measurement method for capacitance, the electric potential in space between long distance electrodes was estimated.
A National Hospital‐Based Study of Hospitalized Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Manno Valerio , Gerussi Alessio , Carbone Marco , Minelli Giada , Taruscio Domenica , Conti Susanna , Invernizzi Pietro 
Published: July 2019

Epidemiological studies on primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have been based primarily on tertiary referral case series. We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence and describe comorbidities in hospitalized patients with PBC in Italy using a national hospital‐based data source. Data were extracted from the National Hospital Discharge Database, which includes all Italian individuals discharged from any hospital in the country. All adults diagnosed with biliary cirrhosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, 571.6) as the primary or secondary diagnosis from 2011 to 2015 were included. To determine whether a comorbidity was either more or less frequent in PBC patients compared with the general hospitalized Italian population, the standardized hospitalization ratio (SHR) was calculated. A total of 5,533 incident cases were identified from 2011 to 2015, 3,790 of whom were females (68.5%; female to male [F:M] ratio, 2.2:1). Prevalent cases were 9,664, of whom 7,209 were females (74.6%; F:M ratio, 2.9:1). The incident rate was 1.03 × 100,000 in males and 1.92 × 100,000 in females; prevalence was 1.89 × 100,000 in males and 4.75 × 100,000 in females. Extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, malignant neoplasms of liver and intrahepatic biliary ducts, and malignant neoplasms of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts were found more frequently in PBC patients than in the general hospitalized population (SHR > 100), whereas cerebrovascular diseases and ischemic heart diseases were less frequent in PBC individuals (SHR < 100). Conclusion: This national study provides a survey of comorbidities associated with PBC. Hospitalized patients with PBC are more likely to have extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, hepatocellular carcinoma, and biliary tract cancers and a low risk of cardiovascular events.