bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<b>A taxonomic study of six species of the genus <I>Junonia</I> Hübner, [1819] (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the northwestern Himalayan region in India</b>
Authors: Mehra Deepika , Kirti Jagbir Singh , Sidhu Avtar Kaur 
Published: June 2018

Characters of external genitalia are considered as one of the important criteria to understand the taxonomy of insects. In the present study, various taxonomic characters of the male and female external genitalia and wing venation of six species under the genus Junonia Hübner viz., orythia (Linnaeus, 1758), iphita (Cramer, [1779]), almana (Linnaeus, 1758), lemonias (Linnaeus, 1758), hierta (Fabricius, 1798), atlites (Linnaeus, 1763), have been described and illustrated in detail. Besides, brief diagnoses and identification keys based on external genitalia, morphological variations and taxonomic remarks have been given for all taxa.
Association of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion With Care Quality and Outcomes for Low-Income Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure
Authors: Wadhera Rishi K. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Zhao Xin , Heidenreich Paul A. , DeVore Adam D. , Matsouaka Roland A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Yancy Clyde W. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite advancement in the management of HF, outcomes remain suboptimal, particularly among the uninsured. In 2014, the Affordable Care Act expanded Medicaid eligibility, and millions of low-income adults gained insurance. Little is known about Medicaid expansion’s effect on inpatient HF care.

Methods and Results:
We used the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure registry to assess changes in inpatient care quality and outcomes among low-income patients (<65 years old) hospitalized for HF after Medicaid expansion, in expansion, and nonexpansion states. Patients were classified as low-income if covered by Medicaid, uninsured, or missing insurance. Expansion states were those that implemented expansion in 2014. Piecewise logistic multivariable regression models were constructed to track quarterly trends of quality and outcome measures in the pre (January 1, 2010–December 31, 2013) and postexpansion (January 1, 2014–June 30, 2017) periods. These measures were compared between expansion versus nonexpansion states during the postexpansion period. The cohort included 58 804 patients hospitalized across 391 sites. In states that expanded Medicaid, uninsured HF hospitalizations declined from 7.9% to 4.4%, and Medicaid HF hospitalizations increased from 18.3% to 34.6%. Defect-free HF care was increasing during the preexpansion period (adjusted odds ratio/quarter, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.08) but did not change after expansion (adjusted odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.02). Patterns were similar for other quality measures. There were no quality measures for which the rate of improvement sped up after expansion. In-hospital mortality rates remained similar during the preexpansion (adjusted odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–1.02) and postexpansion periods (adjusted odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.03). Among nonexpansion states, uninsured HF hospitalizations increased (11.6% to 16.7%) as did Medicaid HF hospitalizations (17.9% to 26.6%), and no quarterly improvement was observed for most quality measures in the post compared with preexpansion period. During the postexpansion period, defect-free care and mortality did not differ between expansion and nonexpansion states.

Conclusions:
Medicaid expansion was associated with a significant decline in uninsured HF hospitalizations but not improvements in quality of care or in-hospital mortality among sites participating in a national quality improvement initiative. Efforts beyond insurance expansion are needed to improve in-hospital outcomes for low-income patients with HF.
Linoleic Acid in Adipose Tissue and Development of Ischemic Stroke: A Danish Case‐Cohort Study
Authors: Venø Stine Krogh , Bork Christian Sørensen , Jakobsen Marianne Uhre , Lundbye‐Christensen Søren , Bach Flemming Winther , Overvad Kim , Schmidt Erik Berg 
Published: June 2018

Background
We investigated the association between the content of linoleic acid in adipose tissue, a biomarker of long‐term intake of linoleic acid, and the risk of ischemic stroke and its subtypes.

Methods and Results

The Danish cohort study Diet, Cancer and Health included 57 053 patients aged 50 to 65 years at enrollment. All participants had an adipose tissue biopsy performed at enrollment, while information on ischemic stroke during follow‐up was obtained from the Danish National Patient Register. Stroke diagnoses were all validated and classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (
TOAST
) classification. Cases and a randomly drawn subcohort of 3500 patients had their fatty acid composition in adipose tissue determined by gas chromatography. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using weighted Cox proportional hazard regression. During 13.5 years of follow‐up, 1879 ischemic stroke cases were identified, for which 1755 adipose biopsies were available, while adipose biopsies were available for 3203 participants in the subcohort. When comparing the highest and the lowest quartiles of adipose tissue content of linoleic acid there was a negative association with the rate of total ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.93) and large artery atherosclerosis (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.88), while there was an indication of a negative association with small‐vessel occlusion (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–1.11). There was no clear association with the rate of cardioembolism.

Conclusions
The content of linoleic acid in adipose tissue was inversely associated with the risk of total ischemic stroke and stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis.
Anemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Is Associated With Poor Outcome and Death
Authors: Ayling Oliver G.S. , Ibrahim George M. , Alotaibi Naif M. , Gooderham Peter A. , Macdonald R. Loch 
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—
Anemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is common and potentially modifiable. Here, we first evaluate the effect of anemia on neurological outcome and death and second, study the effects of packed red blood cell transfusion on outcome.

Methods—
A secondary analysis on 413 subjects in the CONSCIOUS-1 study (Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage). Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors for anemia and determined the effect of anemia on neurological outcome and death, while adjusting for selected covariates. Optimal predictive thresholds for hemoglobin levels were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Finally, patients were pseudorandomized to transfusion using propensity score matching to study the effect of transfusions on outcome.

Results—
Anemia, defined as hemoglobin <10 g/dL, was present in 5% of patients at presentation, in 29% of patients after aneurysm securing (days 1–3), and in 32% of patients during the peak delayed cerebral ischemia risk period (days 5–9). Anemia after aneurysm securing (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–3.59; P=0.03) and during the delayed cerebral ischemia window (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–4.76; P=0.0014) was independently associated with poor neurological outcome. Anemia postaneurysm securing (odds ratio, 3.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–10.62; P=0.027) but not during the delayed cerebral ischemia window was associated with death. Using propensity score-matched cohorts, we found that transfusion of anemic patients did not improve long-term outcome (P=0.8) or mortality rates (P=0.9). Transfusion of patients with a hemoglobin concentration >10 g/dL was associated with improved neurological outcomes (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.002–0.72; P=0.015), with no differences in mortality.

Conclusions—
Anemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with poor long-term neurological outcome and death. Transfusion of packed red blood cells is beneficial for patients who are not considerably anemic beforehand, suggesting further work needs to define the threshold but also the time period of anemia that is sufficient and necessary to contribute to poor outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00111085.
Modular patterns in behavioural evolution: webs derived from orbs
Authors: Eberhard William G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImperfect knowledge of ancestral behaviour often hampers tracing behavioural evolution. This limitation is reduced in orb weaving spiders, because spider orb web construction behaviour and the cues used by modern orb-weavers are well-studied and highly conserved. Several species in orb-weaving families build non-orb webs that are clearly derived from orbs, allowing transitions from ancestral to modern behaviours to be described with high confidence. Three major patterns of general evolutionary significance were found in 69 phylogenetically independent transitions in 15 groups in 8 families: ancestral traits were often maintained as units; the most frequent of the eight different types of ancestral trait change was transfer of an ancestral behaviour to a new context; and ‘new’ traits that had no clear homology with ancestral traits were also common. Changes occurred in all major stages of orb construction. This may be the most extensive summary of evolutionary transitions in behaviour yet compiled.
Litylenchus crenatae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae), a leaf gall nematode parasitising Fagus crenata Blume
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Ichihara Yu , Aikawa Takuya , Ekino Taisuke , Masuya Hayato 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Litylenchus crenatae n. sp., isolated from leaf galls of Fagus crenata from Japan, is described and figured. The new species is characterised by its dimorphism in adult females, six (or more) lateral lines, a more or less pointed tail tip in both sexes, male bursa arising posteriorly and reaching to near tail tip, presence of a quadricolumella and a post-uterine sac in females. Litylenchus crenatae n. sp. is distinguished from its only congener, L. coprosma, by the number of lateral lines, six or more vs four; the lip morphology, offset with very shallow constriction or dome-shaped without clear constriction vs clearly offset; tail tip morphology, more or less pointed vs blunt; and structure of the median bulb, weakly muscular with a clear valve vs not muscular with an obscure valve. The molecular phylogenetic analysis confirms that the new species is close to, but clearly different from, L. coprosma.
Floral Arrangements: Compilations of Saints’ Lives in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Greenwood Jonathan E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Flores sanctorum (Flowers of the Saints, hereafter flowers) were a uniquely Iberian genre immersed in European efforts to collect the lives of saints and then arrange them according to the liturgical year. Although one of the first books printed in Spain, the genre went into decline by the mid-sixteenth century due to ongoing Inquisitorial censure. Flowers, however, grew again thanks to Alonso de Villegas and later Pedro de Ribadeneyra. This duo’s use of the liturgy resulted in the differentiation between the saints in the Breviary and the extravagantes (wanderers), holy persons wandering outside of the official calendar prepared by the Roman Church. To cultivate their flowers, Villegas and Ribadeneyra relied on metaphrasis, a method started by Symeon Metaphrastes, a Byzantine cleric and wanderer from the tenth century. While thoroughly Iberian, flowers extended beyond the Peninsula to incorporate practices from the Catholic and Eastern churches.
Successfully Managing Diabetes in a Community Setting: Evidence From the YMCA of Greater Richmond Diabetes Control Program
Authors: Mezuk Briana , Thornton William , Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Montgomery Joshua , Smith Jana , Lexima Evanise , Mejia Ruiz Maria Jose , Concha Jeannie B. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe how a community-academic partnership developed and implemented a shared goal of evaluating the impact of a large community-based diabetes self-management program on diabetes care and mental health outcomes. Methods Data came from the YMCA of Greater Richmond Diabetes Control Program (DCP), a 12-week, group-format self-management program led by lay health coaches. Adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 312) completed baseline assessments of sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes history, and mental health. Four outcomes were assessed pre- and post-DCP on 141 participants who completed the program: hemoglobin A1C (A1C), weight, depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire–8), and glucose monitoring. The team worked with a Community Advisory Board throughout the research process. Results The DCP had wide geographic reach, including lower-income neighborhoods. The average age of the participants was 53.9 years, 71.4% were female, and 69% were African American. During the DCP, A1C declined from 8.4% to 7.6% (P < .001), but weight was unchanged (229.2 vs 227.9, P < .282). During the DCP, the proportion of participants with clinically significant depressive symptoms declined from 32.4% to 15.5% (P < .001), and frequency of glucose monitoring significantly increased. Conclusions The YMCA of Greater Richmond DCP has wide reach into underserved populations throughout the metropolitan area. This program is effective at improving diabetes self-management and mental health. Findings have implications for supporting academic-community partnerships to address diabetes disparities.
Pain in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors: Prevalence, Predictors, and Quality‐of‐Life Impact
Authors: Cramer John D. , Johnson Jonas T. , Nilsen Marci L. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesPain is common among patients with cancer, stemming from both malignancy and side effects of treatment. The extent to which pain persists after treatment has received little attention. We examined the prevalence, predictors, and impact on quality of life (QOL) caused by pain among survivors of head and neck cancer.Study DesignCohort study.SettingTertiary head and neck cancer survivorship clinic.Subjects and MethodsWe identified survivors of head and neck cancer ≥1 year after diagnosis and examined the prevalence and risk factors for development of pain. Pain and QOL were assessed with multiple QOL instruments. Ordinal regression modeling examined predictors of pain in survivors.ResultsWe identified 175 patients at a median of 6.6 years after diagnosis. Among survivors, 45.1% reported pain, and 11.5% reported severe pain. Among patients with current pain, 46% reported low overall QOL versus only 12% of those without pain (P <. 001). On multivariable analysis after adjustment for age, sex, and stage of disease, pain was associated with trimodality treatment (odds ratio [OR], 3.55; 95% CI, 1.06‐12.77). Multivariable analysis of QOL issues revealed that pain was associated with major depression (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.68‐9.11), anxiety (OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 2.28‐7.81), poor recreation (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.70‐6.48), and low overall QOL (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.12‐4.34).ConclusionsYears after head and neck cancer treatment, pain remains a significant problem and is associated with worse QOL. Future efforts should focus on preventing pain from treatment and comprehensive management.
Super-exploitation of Adivasi Migrant Workers: The Political Economy of Migration from Southern Rajasthan to Gujarat
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Sharma Amrita 
Published: June 2018

This article offers a political economy account of labour migration of Adivasi workers from southern Rajasthan to growth centres in Gujarat. It unpacks the structural forces that shape this labour mobility, which erupted only as recently as 30 years back. The article focuses on three industries that are key employers of migrant workers—construction, textile as well as small hotels and restaurants in the Gujarati cities of Ahmedabad and Surat. It presents evidence on labour market segmentation and resulting unequal wage distribution between migrants in this corridor by their social group. This is complemented by an extensive mapping of the informal practices that violate applicable legal provisions found in these industry segments. Through these, the article teases out the mechanisms by which the community undergoes what in Marxian terms are referred to as surplus extraction and super-exploitation. The article finds that Gujarat’s economy utilizes the historically low socio-economic position of Adivasis for capitalist accumulation, such that the community’s poverty and disadvantaged position is reproduced inter-generationally, instead of being interrupted by their employment in the growth centres of the state. JEL: O15, J61, N35
Real-world effectiveness of clozapine for intellectual disability: Results from a mirror-image and a reverse-mirror-image study
Authors: Rohde Christopher , Hilker Rikke , Siskind Dan , Nielsen Jimmi 
Published: June 2018

Background: Comorbid mental illness is common in patients with intellectual disability. Antipsychotics are widely used for these conditions, but the effect of clozapine remains largely unknown. Aims: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of clozapine on naturalistic outcomes in patients with intellectual disability. Methods: By combining the national health registers, we identified all patients in Denmark with intellectual disability initiating clozapine treatment during the period 1996–2012. We used a mirror-image model to test whether initiation of clozapine treatment was associated with reduction in psychiatric admissions and inpatient days, reduction in the number of individuals performing intentional self-harm or overdose, and less frequent use of concomitant psychopharmacological treatment. Similar outcome measures were used in a reverse mirror-image model to investigate the effects of clozapine termination. Results: A total of 405 patients with intellectual disability redeemed clozapine. After initiation of clozapine the number of psychiatric admissions were reduced by 0.65 admissions (95% CI: 0.31–1.00) and the inpatient days were reduced by 67.2 days (95% CI: 51.2–83.3), with a similar decrease for patients with intellectual disability without psychiatric comorbidity. Clozapine treatment was not found to reduce the number of individuals with intentional self-harm, incidents of overdose, or the use of concomitant psychotropics. In cases where clozapine treatment was terminated, the number of psychiatric admissions increased by 0.57 admissions (95% CI: 0.01–1.12). Conclusion: This nationwide study, which is the largest to date, suggests that treatment with clozapine is associated with a reduction in psychiatric admissions and inpatient days in patients with intellectual disability. Further studies evaluating the effects of clozapine in patients with intellectual disability are warranted.
Current understanding of photophobia, visual networks and headaches
Authors: Noseda Rodrigo , Copenhagen David , Burstein Rami 
Published: June 2018

Objective To review clinical and pre-clinical evidence supporting the role of visual pathways, from the eye to the cortex, in the development of photophobia in headache disorders. Background Photophobia is a poorly understood light-induced phenomenon that emerges in a variety of neurological and ophthalmological conditions. Over the years, multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain its causes; however, scarce research and lack of systematic assessment of photophobia in patients has made the search for answers quite challenging. In the field of headaches, significant progress has been made recently on how specific visual networks contribute to photophobia features such as light-induced intensification of headache, increased perception of brightness and visual discomfort, which are frequently experienced by migraineurs. Such progress improved our understanding of the phenomenon and points to abnormal processing of light by both cone/rod-mediated image-forming and melanopsin-mediated non-image-forming visual pathways, and the consequential transfer of photic signals to multiple brain regions involved in sensory, autonomic and emotional regulation. Conclusion Photophobia phenotype is diverse, and the relative contribution of visual, trigeminal and autonomic systems may depend on the disease it emerges from. In migraine, photophobia could result from photic activation of retina-driven pathways involved in the regulation of homeostasis, making its association with headache more complex than previously thought.
Politics within Complementary Currency Systems: The Case Study of Barter Clubs in Argentina
Authors: Ould Ahmed Pepita 
Published: June 2018

This paper analyzes how complementary currency systems encourage reflection on an expanding conventional conception of the political and its forms and spaces. From an Argentine case study, it proposes to glimpse in the rise of barter clubs the rejection of capitalist norms and the construction of new spaces of monetary sovereignty encouraging a new expression of value and use of money. However, it argues that the barter system becomes the place of new social polarizations and inequalities. JEL Classification: A14, B52, O17
Capitalism in Green Disguise: The Political Economy of Organic Farming in the European Union
Authors: Konstantinidis Charalampos 
Published: June 2018

Following the post-1992 Common Agricultural Policy, organic farming has expanded rapidly in the European Union. This growth is often considered evidence of the success of a distinctive model of small-scale family-farm agriculture. However, I show that European organic farms display features (large farm size, low labor intensity, high prevalence of mechanization, and adoption of monocultures) that are characteristic of capitalist rather than peasant farms. These features raise doubts about whether European organic farming exemplifies repeasantization. JEL Classification: B50, O13, Q18
Therapist–Patient Demographic Profile Matching: A Movement Toward Performance-Based Practice
Authors: Patterson Silver Wolf (Adelv Unegv Waya) David A. , Dulmus Catherine N. , Maguin Eugene , Linn Braden K. , Hales Travis W. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Patients of substance use disorder (SUD), who successfully complete the treatment programs recommended by their therapists, have better health outcomes than the vast majority who drop out in the middle. We investigated the contribution of race and gender of both patients and therapists to address the cause of treatment noncompletion and gaps in knowledge. Method: Data collected from 11 SUD treatment outpatient programs, comprising 2,230 patients and 69 therapists, were analyzed to understand the effect of therapist–patient profile matching on treatment completion success rate. Results: Of the overall completion rate of 23%, White-male therapists had the highest rate (ranging from 20.4% to 50.0%) followed by White-female therapists (13.9% and 31.2%) dependent on patients’ race or gender. Non-White female and male therapists alike had varied but lesser completion rate. Discussion: Our studies recommend research and practice implementing performance-based practice measures with appropriate patient–therapist matching for better SUD-treatment outcomes.