bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term propagule pressure overwhelms initial community determination of invader success
Authors: Carr Amanda N. , Hooper David U. , Dukes Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe role of plant diversity in reducing invasions has generated decades of debate. Diverse communities might be more resistant to invasion because the communities contain resident species that are functionally similar to the invader (limiting similarity), or multiple species use the range of available resources more effectively (complementarity) than single species. However, the correlation of native and exotic diversity often reverses, becoming positive, with increasing spatial and temporal scale, in a phenomenon called the invasion paradox. We addressed two groups of hypotheses related to this paradox, broadly that (1) functional diversity and identity resist invasion initially, via complementarity or limiting similarity; and (2) disturbance and propagule pressure weaken the effects of functional diversity and identity on invader success through time. Using long‐term data from experimental serpentine grassland assemblages in California, we examined how the abundance of a high impact invader, yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), related to functional diversity, functional dissimilarity, pocket gopher disturbance, and propagule pressure. We also conducted a single‐season experiment in which we seeded disturbed and undisturbed areas and quantified invader success the following year. Neither diversity, nor dissimilarity, nor disturbance significantly impacted the success of C. solstitialis during the years of this study. Instead, propagule pressure was the single most important predictor of C. solstitialis abundance. We consolidated these findings into a novel conceptual model of invader success to illustrate how propagule input may outweigh community resistance through time, and what implications these dynamics have for the invasion paradox.
Habitat specialists as conservation umbrellas: Do areas managed for greater sage‐grouse also protect pygmy rabbits?
Authors: Smith Ian Thomas , Rachlow Janet L. , Svancara Leona K. , McMahon Laura A. , Knetter Sonya J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSagebrush ecosystems are affected by a variety of factors, and loss and degradation of sagebrush habitat threatens many wildlife species. Federal land management and wildlife agencies have invoked the umbrella species concept to protect this ecosystem, designating >580,000 km2as Habitat Management Areas (HMAs) for greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter “sage‐grouse”) putatively benefiting multiple wildlife species. The pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) also is a species of conservation concern due to its obligate relationship with the sagebrush ecosystem, and our goal was to evaluate the degree to which grouse‐focusedHMAs might serve as a conservation umbrella for pygmy rabbit habitat. We acquired 18,598 records of pygmy rabbit occurrence from all eight range states (excluding Washington because that population is undergoing reintroduction); after screening for reliability, we retained 10,420 records, which we used to estimate minimum occupied area (MOA) and to create an inductive species distribution model (SDM) for pygmy rabbits across their full geographic range. We used the program Maxent to build models of varying complexity, incorporating topographic, vegetation, fire, climate, and soil information. The pygmy rabbitMOAis estimated at 28,367 km2, and ~92% of this area is included within sage‐grouseHMAs. We identified 224,820 km2of suitable habitat for pygmy rabbits (maximum test sensitivity plus specificity threshold of 0.3167) and 145,725 km2of primary habitat (equal test sensitivity and specificity threshold 0.4661), with concentrations in four distinct core areas. Overlap with sage‐grouseHMAs was high (87% of suitable habitat and 91% of primary habitat), suggesting that the sage‐grouse umbrella has the potential to conserve habitat for pygmy rabbits. Two of the largestHMAs are Priority Habitat Management Areas (PHMAs; which have the most habitat protection) and General Habitat Management Areas (GHMAs; which have less protection). Our results suggest thatPHMAs encompass 59% andGHMAs encompass of 34% of primary habitat for pygmy rabbits. TheSDMof habitat for pygmy rabbits can be used by land managers and biologists to prioritize survey locations for pygmy rabbits and to identify areas for habitat management, conservation, or restoration.
FeS2 Grown Pencil Graphite as an In‐expensive and Non‐enzymatic Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Uric Acid in Non‐invasive Samples
Authors: Sha Rinky , Vishnu Nandimalla , Badhulika Sushmee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile most electrochemical uric acid (UA) sensors are developed on the conventional electrodes and involve either multiple steps based synthesis routes and/or complicated fabrication processes, this paper is the first demonstration of direct growth of pyrite FeS2 on pencil‐graphite electrode (PGE) for non‐enzymatic UA sensing. FESEM images of the pyrite FeS2‐PGE reveal mesoporous microspherical structure of pyrite FeS2 along with graphite flakes of PGE and EDX, Raman spectroscopic data validate growing of pyrite FeS2 on PGE. The pyrite FeS2‐PGE sensor exhibited detection limit of 6.7 μM, excellent linearity, reproducibility, selectivity over glucose, urea, ascorbic acid with the sensitivity of 370 μA mM−1 cm−2 in the range of 10–725 μM of UA. These improved analytical performances can be attributed to high conductivity of the pyrite FeS2, larger electro‐active surface area of the mesoporous microspherical pyrite FeS2 grown on PGE (than only PGE) and abundance in defect sites originating from both the pyrite FeS2 as well as functional groups of pencil graphite. Furthermore, the sensor was validated against UA in urine sample and the result supports well with the UA concentration achieved from colorimetric technique. Development of this low cost, non‐enzymatic, sensitive and highly selective pyrite FeS2‐PGE bases UA sensor is a significant step in the development of practically viable sensors for point‐of‐care applications in clinical and pharmaceutical analyses.
Test and analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) precast shear wall assembled using steel shear key (SSK)
Authors: Shen Shao‐Dong , Pan Peng , Miao Qi‐Song , Li Wen‐Feng , Gong Run‐Hua 
Published: August 2019

SummaryReinforced concrete (RC) precast shear walls are extensively applied in practical engineering, owing to their fast construction speed. However, because of the transport conditions, RC precast shear walls have to be separated into small wall segments during the factory prefabrication procedure before being assembled on site. Typically, wet‐type jointing methods are adopted to link the segments, which is time‐consuming and results in unreliable post‐pouring area strength. To overcome this problem, the novel scheme of the steel shear key (SSK) featuring steel shear panels and combined fillet and plug welding is proposed. Three RC precast shear wall specimens with different linking strength, termed as weakened SSK wall, standard SSK wall, and strengthened SSK wall, respectively, and an integrated shear wall specimen were designed. Quasi‐static cyclic loading was applied to investigate the specimens' dynamic properties. The test results suggest the prefabricated wall segments equipped with SSKs showed reliable stiffness and bearing capacity and were improved in energy dissipation ability, compared with conventional shear walls. As the shear stiffness and number of equipped SSKs increased, the specimens exhibited higher strength, but their ductility and energy dissipation were slightly decreased. Most importantly, the standard SSK wall specimen could achieve satisfactory bearing capacity and deformability and is thus recommended for precast building structures. Finite element method (FEM) models were established to validate the test results, and parametric study analysis was conducted based on the coupling ratio of the SSK walls. Finally, an appropriate coupling ratio range is recommended for practical engineering applications.
In‐situ‐Versuche mit Flat Dilatometer und seismischem Dilatometer
Authors: Marchetti Diego , Fabris Carla , Schweiger Helmut F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the last decades there has been a massive migration from laboratory testing to in situ testing, to the point that, today, in situ testing is often the major part of a geotechnical investigation. In particular direct‐push in situ tests, such as Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and the Flat Dilatometer Test (DMT), are fast and convenient in situ tests for routine site investigation. The scope of this paper is to describe the DMT and its recent updates, in particular the Seismic Dilatometer Test (SDMT) for measuring shear and compression wave velocities and the automated dilatometer probe (Medusa DMT). An Example of SDMT test results and its application to derive soil stiffness parameters are shown, as well as the result of a class‐A prediction of an anchor pull‐out test, which was calibrated with the SDMT profile.
Evaluation of a community‐based hypertension self‐management model with general practitioners
Authors: Zhang Yimin , Liu Shanshan , Sheng Xinchun , Lou Jiquan , Fu Hua , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundPreventive interventions of hypertension and health care activities are often performed in the community and at home. Studies have shown that self‐management plays an indispensable role in the management of chronic diseases. This study aimed to explore an innovative community‐based hypertension self‐management model and to evaluate its effects.MethodsThe study involved qualitative and quantitative research methods. A community‐based hypertension self‐management model was developed using consultation with experts and qualitative interviews. The intervention was executed in the communities of Pudong New Area in Shanghai, China. We enrolled 1080 patients with hypertension in the intervention group and 588 similar patients in the control group. A questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention to collect information on patients' health status, self‐management skills, and disease management abilities. Analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in the health‐related outcomes.ResultsThere was a significant difference in general health and health literacy after the intervention for the intervention patients group (P < .05). Furthermore, the proportion of health literacy was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (71.6% vs 59.6%). The significant differences were demonstrated in the comparison of the disease management ability data between the intervention and control group, especially in drug compliance, physical activity, regulate diet, and smoking. In addition, there is other evidence of the successful applicability and effectiveness of the community‐based hypertension self‐management program in 2007‐2013, such as self‐management teams formation and blood pressure control rate.ConclusionsThe community‐based self‐management hypertension model, which involved the participation of general practitioners, is suitable for the management of hypertension disease in Pudong of Shanghai and could provide a reference for its large‐scale promotion and application.
Evaluation of the implementation and effect of the healthcare cloud information platform for diabetes self‐management: A case study in Shanghai
Authors: Cheng Chen , Xin Gong , Xiaoli Wang , Chuanwei Cao , Xiaoming Sun , Yimin Zhang , Limei Jing , Ning Chen , Qian Liu , Hui Wang , Lan Tang , Zhaoxin Wang 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWith the high prevalence of diabetes, its long‐term treatment, and many complications, there is a need for a new diabetes self‐management model in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the implementation and effect of a new diabetes self‐management model, known as the healthcare cloud information platform, in Shanghai, China. The implementation of the new model was evaluated in terms of the equipment coverage in community health service centres and the services provided. The effect was assessed according to the treatment rate and control rate from 2012 to 2017. Their correlations with the self‐management rate were analysed using Spearman's test. It was found that the Shanghai healthcare cloud information platform had covered a total of 237 community health service centres in all of the 16 administrative districts, equipping them with 2489 health stations, by 2017. An average of 8966 people uploaded data to the healthcare cloud information platform every day, with the accumulated service up to 12 043 508 person‐times and an average daily increase of 13 227.9. The treatment rate of diabetes patients in Shanghai increased from 42.9% in 2012 to 78.0% in 2017, and the control rate increased to 72% in 2017, compared with 63% in 2012. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the treatment rate, control rate, and self‐management rate. The findings indicate that it is feasible to implement the new healthcare cloud information platform for diabetes self‐management and that it is effective.
A Three‐Tiered Framework for Proactive Critical Evaluation During Online Inquiry
Authors: Forzani Elena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecently, many have released calls for the need to help students evaluate online information. Additionally, many have offered strategies, lists, and other heuristics for helping students evaluate. However, educators lack a method for organizing these various practices into a systematic framework that captures the complex (occurring within online inquiry) and multifaceted (having multiple components) nature of evaluation. Such a framework can guide students as they evaluate information online. The author proposes such a framework that positions readers as proactive judges engaging in iterative evaluation of relevancy and credibility within and across three tiers (content, source, and context) and multiple texts while researching a topic of interest during online research and comprehension. The author also offers three instructional practices for engaging students in the framework, as well as an example of one student using the framework with support from his teacher.
Glucosamine‐grafted methacrylated gelatin hydrogels as potential biomaterials for cartilage repair
Authors: Suo Hairui , Li Liang , Zhang Chuanxin , Yin Jun , Xu Kedi , Liu Jingyi , Fu Jianzhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlucosamine (GlcN) has been widely used to reduce joint pain and osteoarthritis progression, but the efficacy of GlcN remains controversial because of the low GlcN concentration reaching the articular cavity. The aim of this study is to provide an effective approach of GlcN delivery to a target site using photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)‐based hydrogels, where GlcN could be gradually released during the degradation of the GelMA hydrogel. Herein, GlcN was acrylated as the acryloyl glucosamine (AGA) and covalently grafted to GelMA, and more than 87.7% of 15% (w/v) GelMA hydrogel was grafted with AGA. Moreover, in vitro outgrowth and apoptosis assay of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) demonstrated that the GelMA–AGA hydrogels had better biocompatibility, larger cell attachment, and higher cell viability than pure GlcN and AGA materials. Also, 15% (w/v) GelMA–AGA hydrogel was injected into the defect site for in vivo rabbit cartilage repair. Compared with oral administration of pure GlcN and injection of pure GelMA, the repaired cartilages using GelMA–AGA hydrogels had the smoothest surface of the defect site, filling more than 95% defect bulk. The similar content of glycosaminoglycans to the native tissue and the maximum amount of type II collagen was found in the repaired cartilage using GelMA–AGA hydrogels, indicating the outgrowth of hyaline cartilage.
Urethroplasty with a bilayered poly‐D,L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone scaffold seeded with allogenic mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yudintceva Natalia M. , Nashchekina Yulia A. , Mikhailova Nataliya A. , Vinogradova Tatiana I. , Yablonsky Petr K. , Gorelova Anna A. , Muraviov Alexandr N. , Gorelov Andrey V. , Samusenko Igor A. , Nikolaev Boris P. , Yakovleva Ludmila Y. , Shevtsov Maxim A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReconstructive surgery for urethral defects employing tissue‐engineered scaffolds represents an alternative treatment for urethroplasty. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of the bilayer poly‐D,L‐lactide/poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PL‐PC) scaffold seeded with allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for urethra reconstruction in a rabbit model with conventional urethroplasty employing an autologous buccal mucosa graft (BG). The inner layer of the scaffold based on poly‐D,L‐lactic acid (PL) was seeded with MSCs, while the outer layer, prepared from poly‐ε‐caprolactone, protected the surrounding tissues from urine. To track the MSCs in vivo, the latter were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In rabbits, a dorsal penile defect was reconstructed employing a BG or a PL‐PC graft seeded with nanoparticle‐labeled MSCs. In the 12‐week follow‐up period, no complications were detected. Subsequent histological analysis demonstrated biointegration of the PL‐PC graft with surrounding urethral tissues. Less fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the experimental group as compared with the BG group. Nanoparticle‐labeled MSCs were detected in the urothelium and muscular layer, co‐localizing with the urothelium cytokeratin marker AE1/AE3, indicating the possibility of MSC differentiation into neo‐urothelium. Our results suggest that a bilayer MSCs‐seeded scaffold could be efficiently employed for urethroplasty.
Commercial Laboratory Reproducibility of Serum CTX in Clinical Practice
Authors: Hindi Sahar M , Vittinghoff Eric , Schafer Anne L , Silverman Stuart , Bauer Douglas C 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn 2011, the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine selected serum collagen type‐I crosslinked C‐peptide (s‐CTX) as the reference standard for bone resorption. This study aimed to determine the within and between laboratory reproducibility for s‐CTX assays. To create standardized pools, serum was collected from 10 premenopausal and 10 postmenopausal women. Premenopausal sera were pooled to approximate a population with normal bone turnover; postmenopausal sera were pooled to approximate a population with high bone turnover; and a third pool was created from an equal proportion of the pre‐ and postmenopausal pools. Multiple identical aliquots from each pool were created and frozen; all were labeled as routine clinical specimens. To evaluate longitudinal laboratory reproducibility, an identical aliquot from each of the three pools was sent to four US commercial laboratories on five dates over a 6‐month period. To evaluate within‐run reproducibility, each lab received five identical aliquots from each pool on the fifth date. Three labs (Mayo, ARUP, and Quest) used the Roche Diagnostics Elecsys assay, and one (Esoterix/LabCorp) used the IDS‐iSYS assay. Reproducibility was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Labs were unaware of the investigation. Across labs, mean s‐CTX values were 423, 533, and 480 pg/mL for the premenopausal, postmenopausal, and mixed pools, respectively, but the means differed between labs (p < 0.001). The premenopausal pool longitudinal CVs ranged from 5.0% to 14.9%; the postmenopausal pool CVs ranged from 3.4% to 19.3%; and the mixed pool CVs ranged from 3.3% to 16.0%. The longitudinal reproducibility for Esoterix/LabCorp was higher (CV 13.9%; 95% CI, 10.1% to 22.2%) than for the other labs. Within‐run CVs were also higher for Esoterix/LabCorp (CV 8.6%; 95% CI, 6.3% to 13.6%) compared with the other labs (CVs 2.1% to 6.2%). In conclusion, the reproducibility of s‐CTX varied across US commercial labs, and was poorer for Esoterix/LabCorp, which used the IDS assay, compared with the other three labs, which used the Roche assay. © 2019 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Adverse events in a large‐scale VMMC programme in Tanzania: findings from a case series analysis
Authors: Hellar Augustino , Plotkin Marya , Lija Gissenge , Mwanamsangu Amasha , Mkungume Saidi , Christensen Alice , Mushi Jeremiah , Machaku Michael , Maokola Thomas , Mlanga Eric , Curran Kelly 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionAdverse events (AEs) rates in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) are critical measures of service quality and safety. While these indicators are key, monitoring AEs in large‐scale VMMC programmes is not without challenges. This study presents findings on AEs that occurred in eight years of providing VMMC services in three regions of Tanzania, to provide discussion both on these events and the structural issues around maintaining safety and quality in scaled‐up VMMC services.MethodsWe look at trends over time, demographic characteristics, model of VMMC and type and timing of AEs for 1307 males who experienced AEs among all males circumcised in Tabora, Njombe and Iringa regions from 2009 to 2017. We analysed deidentified client data from a VMMC programme database and performed multivariable logistic regression with district clustering to determine factors associated with intraoperative and postoperative AEs among VMMC clients.Results and discussionAmong 741,146 VMMC clients, 0.18% (1307/741,146) experienced a moderate or severe AE. The intraoperative AE rate was 2.02 per 100,000 clients, and postoperative rate was 2.29 per 1000 return clients. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age (20 to 29 years) was significantly associated with intraoperative AEs (aOR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.17 to 10.6). There was no statistical significant difference in AE rates by surgical method. Mobile VMMC service delivery was associated with the lowest risk of experiencing postoperative AEs (aOR:0.64, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.98). AE rates peaked in the first one to three years of the programme and then steadily declined.ConclusionsIn a programme with robust AE monitoring methodologies, AE rates reported in these three regions were very low and declined over time. While these findings support the safety of VMMC services, challenges in reporting of AEs in a large‐scale VMMC programme are acknowledged. International and national standards of AE reporting in VMMC programmes are clear. As VMMC programmes transition to national ownership, challenges, strengths and learning from AE reporting systems are needed to support safety and quality of services.