bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fine structure of the germinal mass, brood cavity and birth canal of the rediae of the monoxenous hemiuroid digeneanBunocotyle progeneticaChabaud & Buttner, 1959
Authors: Podvyaznaya I.M. , Petrov A.A. , Galaktionov K.V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBunocotyle progeneticais a hemiuroid digenean whose sexual adults become fully developed and lay their eggs inside the rediae in the molluscan host. In this study, the fine structure of the germinal mass, brood cavity and birth canal in theB. progeneticarediae was examined using transmission electron and confocal microscopy. The large germinal mass attached to the body wall has a cellular composition typical for this organ. The characteristic traits of this germinal mass are weakly developed supporting tissue and the presence of deep lacunae opening into the brood cavity. These lacunae presumably participate in feeding the deeply lying embryos and facilitate their release into the brood cavity. The germinal mass is also characterized by intensive degeneration of cellular elements, which may represent a mechanism controlling the offspring number, limited in this species by the size of the redial brood cavity. The brood-cavity lining consists of flattened cells bearing lamellar projections and is connected anteriorly with the epithelium of the birth canal. The brood-cavity musculature, which is well developed in other hemiuroid digeneans, is significantly reduced inB. progenetica, most likely because their cystophorous cercariae remain inside the rediae, removing the need for muscle contractions pushing them through the brood cavity. The birth canal comprises three regions distinguished by the structure of the lining and muscle arrangement. The comparison of rediae ofB. progeneticawith parthenitae of other digeneans has shown that the organization of the redial reproductive apparatus in this species may have been influenced by life-cycle modification.
Galactosomum otepotiense n. sp. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) infecting four different species of fish-eating birds in New Zealand: genetically identical but morphologically variable
Authors: Presswell B. , Bennett J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Trematodes of the genus Galactosomum are cosmopolitan parasites that infect the intestines of fish-eating birds and mammals. Adults of named Galactosomum species have not been recorded from bird hosts in New Zealand, despite their cercarial stage being known from various studies of the first intermediate host, Zeacumantus subcarinatus. Here we describe a new species of Galactosomum infecting four different piscivorous birds in New Zealand: Caspian terns, red-billed and black-backed gulls and little blue penguins. Specimens from each of these hosts are genetically identical in the genes sequenced, but show considerable morphological variability. Galactosomum otepotiense n. sp. is distinguished from most other members of the ‘bearupi-group’ in having a single circle of spines on the ventral sucker, and spines, as opposed to scales, over most of the body. It is most similar to G. bearupi and G. angelae, both from Caspian terns in Australia, but differs in the relative sizes of the reproductive organs and in the possession of a very long forebody. Molecular data confirm that G. otepotiense is not conspecific with G. bearupi, but 28S and ITS2 phylogenies show its close relationship to G. bearupi and other Australian species. We use the cox1 sequence to confirm identity with the larval stage infecting Z. subcarinatus, as previously described in the literature. We discuss briefly the relationships between Australian and New Zealand Galactosomum spp. and their hosts, variability between genetically identical specimens found in different hosts and their potential for harm to mariculture economy.
Influence of artisanal fisheries on the behaviour and social structure ofTursiops truncatusin the South-western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Morales-Rincon Nataly , Morteo Eduardo , Delfín-Alfonso Christian Alejandro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBehavioural plasticity in animals is tested whenever competitive interactions for space and/or food resources occur between wildlife and human activities. This study uses the concepts of operational and non-operational interactions between bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and artisanal fisheries in Alvarado, to search for differences in behaviour, age structure and group size. We conducted 20 surveys between 2015 and 2016, and recorded 64 groups by means of scan sampling from either a research boat or a fixed vantage point. Average dolphin group size was small (${\bar{\rm x}}$= 3.2, SD = 2.2 individuals) and fewer individuals were commonly present when interaction with fisheries occurred. Operational interactions were defined within the first 30 m and occurred mainly with lone individuals (54% recorded from the lighthouse and 82% during surveys); this benchmark also accounted for higher frequencies in locomotion and feeding (χ2= 83.10; df = 7;P< 0.001). We found a higher rate of new behavioural events for dolphin groups furthest from human activities, as well as a decrease in behaviours that imply greater body exposure as dolphins approach the fishing spots. Age structure and dolphin group size were not different during and in the absence of interaction with fisheries, but most interactions involved male dolphins. Behavioural variations in the dolphins' repertoire are likely a strategy to reduce the risk of injuries or death when interacting with human activities; these dolphins seem to have habituated to or at least tolerate fishing activities within the study area, possibly constituting a sex-biased pressure.
LSD acutely impairs working memory, executive functions, and cognitive flexibility, but not risk-based decision-making
Authors: Pokorny Thomas , Duerler Patricia , Seifritz Erich , Vollenweider Franz X. , Preller Katrin H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses are characterized by cognitive impairments, in particular deficits in working memory, decision-making, and executive functions including cognitive flexibility. However, the neuropharmacology of these cognitive functions is poorly understood. The serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor might be a promising candidate for the modulation of cognitive processes. However, pharmacological studies investigating the role of this receptor system in humans are rare. Recent evidence demonstrates that the effects of Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are mediated via agonistic action at the 5-HT2A receptor. Yet, the effects of LSD on specific cognitive domains using standardized neuropsychological test have not been studied.MethodsWe examined the acute effects of LSD (100 µg) alone and in combination with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin (40 mg) on cognition, employing a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, within-subject design in 25 healthy participants. Executive functions, cognitive flexibility, spatial working memory, and risk-based decision-making were examined by the Intra/Extra-Dimensional shift task (IED), Spatial Working Memory task (SWM), and Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.ResultsCompared to placebo, LSD significantly impaired executive functions, cognitive flexibility, and working memory on the IED and SWM, but did not influence the quality of decision-making and risk taking on the CGT. Pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin normalized all LSD-induced cognitive deficits.ConclusionsThe present findings highlight the role of the 5-HT2A receptor system in executive functions and working memory and suggest that specific 5-HT2A antagonists may be relevant for improving cognitive dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders.
Early and late presentation of coronary artery fistula: a possible natural progression?
Authors: Zaban Nicholas B. , Elshershari Huda , Hoyer Mark H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present two patients, one 10 years old and another 43 years old, who both had successful transcatheter closure of left main coronary artery to right atrium fistulas. The older patient had a larger fistula as well as more symptoms and a complicated post-procedure course. Closure of medium or large coronary artery fistulas should be considered at younger ages to minimise future complications.
Bite the Stress Away? Nail Biting and Smoking Predict Maladaptive Stress Coping Strategies
Authors: Siegel Magdalena , Adlmann Eva-Maria , Gittler Georg , Pietschnig Jakob 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Psychological correlates of adult nail biting have received little empirical attention so far, despite its high prevalence and negative associations with physical and mental health. One possible correlate of nail biting is arousal modulation, which has also been linked to smoking (i.e., another oral behavior). Here, we link nail biting to an adaptive (i.e., Task-oriented) and two maladaptive stress-coping strategies (i.e., Emotion-oriented, Avoidance-oriented) as well as smoking while controlling for personality traits and socio-demographic characteristics. In all, 838 German-speaking adults ( Mage = 32.02, SD = 13.48; 431 women) completed measures of stress coping (CISS-SF), the Big Five personality traits (Mini-IPIP), and indicated nail biting and smoking behavior. In three theory-guided, hierarchical linear regressions we predicted each stress coping strategy by nail biting and smoking while controlling for personality and socio-demographic characteristics. Oral behaviors had differential effects on maladaptive stress coping strategies: The interaction between nail biting and smoking predicted Emotion-oriented coping, while smoking predicted Avoidance-oriented coping. Both behaviors were unrelated to adaptive, Task-oriented coping. In sum, our results show that nail biting and smoking are important predictors of maladaptive but not adaptive coping strategies, even when controlling for confounders.
Effects of Momentary Affect on Satisfaction Judgments
Authors: Tončić Marko , Anić Petra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This study aims to examine the effect of affect on satisfaction, both at the between- and the within-person level for momentary assessments. Affect is regarded as an important source of information for life satisfaction judgments. This affective effect on satisfaction is well established at the dispositional level, while at the within-person level it is heavily under-researched. This is true especially for momentary assessments. In this experience sampling study both mood and satisfaction scales were administered five times a day for 7 days via hand-held devices ( N = 74 with 2,122 assessments). Several hierarchical linear models were fitted to the data. Even though the amount of between-person variance was relatively low, both positive and negative affect had substantial effects on momentary satisfaction on the between- and the within-person level as well. The within-person effects of affect on satisfaction appear to be more pronounced than the between-person ones. At the momentary level, the amount of between-person variance is lower than in studies with longer time-frames. The affect-related effects on satisfaction possibly have a curvilinear relationship with the time-frame used, increasing in intensity up to a point and then decreasing again. Such a relationship suggests that, at the momentary level, satisfaction might behave in a more stochastic manner, allowing for transient events/data which are not necessarily affect-related to affect it.
Structural Analysis of the Victoria Quadrangle Fault Systems on Mercury: Timing, Geometries, Kinematics, and Relationship with the High‐Mg Region
Authors: Galluzzi V. , Ferranti L. , Massironi M. , Giacomini L. , Guzzetta L. , Palumbo P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree nonparallel fault systems occur in the Victoria quadrangle of Mercury. The most prominent system (Victoria system) includes the NNW‐SSE trending Victoria Rupes‐Endeavour Rupes‐Antoniadi Dorsum (VEA) array, one of the major fault alignments on the planet, and shorter parallel fault arrays. West and northwest of the Victoria system, two additional fault systems with NE‐SW (Larrocha system) and NW‐SE (Carnegie system) trends, are found. The timing analysis reveals that the three systems are coeval and were active until ~3.7 Ga. Measures of rim offset within faulted craters on the VEA array and on Carnegie Rupes segment of the Carnegie system were used to derive the kinematics of faults and to perform a finite stress inversion, which provides an ENE‐WSW trending regional shortening axis. Results of the stress inversion and age relationships, together with geometrical and morpho‐structural observations, suggest that the NE‐SW and NW‐SE systems acted as right‐transcurrent and left‐transpressional, respectively, at the time when the computed strain field was active. The distribution of the three systems spatially coincides with the boundaries of the high‐Mg region and of other regional geochemical terranes. Lateral geomechanical variation of the crust combined with tidal despinning and global contraction processes drove the localization and slip pattern of faults in a kinematically consistent displacement field. Moreover, crustal heterogeneities controlled the lateral changes in density and spacing of fault segments along the VEA. Following the demise of faulting, the established lateral variation of geometry along the VEA favored the growth of volcanic vents at high‐permeability segment boundaries.
Multiple‐Instance Superparameterization: 2. The Effects of Stochastic Convection on the Simulated Climate
Authors: Jones Todd R. , Randall David A. , Branson Mark D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe cloud‐permitting model (CPM) of the superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SP‐CAM) is a stochastic parameterization. As reported in a companion paper, we have created a variant of SP‐CAM, called MP‐CAM, that uses the averaged feedback of 10 independent two‐dimensional CPMs in each global model column, in place of the single CPM of SP‐CAM. This ensemble‐averaged feedback is interpreted as an approximation to the feedback from a deterministic parameterization. We present evidence that the multiple‐instance superparameterization of MP‐CAM is indeed more deterministic than SP‐CAM. The climates of the SP and MP configurations are compared, giving particular attention to extreme precipitation events and convectively coupled large‐scale tropical weather systems, such as the Madden‐Julian Oscillation. A number of small but significant changes in the mean state climate are uncovered, and the deterministic parameterization slightly degrades the Madden‐Julian Oscillation simulation.
Deep Structure of the Eastern Himalayan Collision Zone: Evidence for Underthrusting and Delamination in the Postcollisional Stage
Authors: Wang Chun‐Yong , Mooney W. D. , Zhu L. , Wang X. , Lou H. , You H. , Cao Z. , Chang L. , Yao Z. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBased on broadband seismic data from 102 stations in the eastern Himalayan collision zone, the crustal thickness and Poisson's ratio were determined by using the H‐κ stacking analysis of teleseismic P wave receiver functions. The Moho topography rapidly deepens northward in the northern Lhasa terrane, inferring the northern limit of the Indian plate underthrusting beneath Tibetan Plateau. Our seismic images show that steep subduction of the Indian plate occurs to the west of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis while gentle subduction to the east. The variation of subduction geometry of the Indian plate may be one of the causes for the formation of the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. The 2‐D crustal density modeling of the gravity measurements shows that the average crustal density in the eastern Himalayan collision zone is less dense than the global average continental crust, and our preferred model has 5‐ to 10‐km‐thick, high density layer (2,970–3,000 kg/m3) in the lower crust beneath the eastern Lhasa terrane, consistent with mafic underplating. The attributes of a thickened crust with northward deepening Moho and low‐to‐normal Poisson's ratio might be the geophysical signature of delamination beneath the Lhasa terrane and underthrusting of Indian plate. We hypothesize that the orogenic root of the Lhasa terrane was removed by convective‐driven delamination, followed by northward subduction of the Indian plate. Thus, delamination and continental subduction are the dominant deep processes in the postcollisional stage in the eastern Himalayan collision zone.
An Adjoint Sensitivity Model for Steady‐State Sequentially Coupled Radionuclide Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Hayek Mohamed , RamaRao Banda S. , Lavenue Marsh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis work presents an efficient mathematical/numerical model to compute the sensitivity coefficients of a predefined performance measure to model parameters for one‐dimensional steady‐state sequentially coupled radionuclide transport in a finite heterogeneous porous medium. The model is based on the adjoint sensitivity approach that offers an elegant and computationally efficient alternative way to compute the sensitivity coefficients. The transport parameters include the radionuclide retardation factors due to sorption, the Darcy velocity, and the effective diffusion/dispersion coefficients. Both continuous and discrete adjoint approaches are considered. The partial differential equations associated with the adjoint system are derived based on the adjoint state theory for coupled problems. Physical interpretations of the adjoint states are given in analogy to results obtained in the theory of groundwater flow. For the homogeneous case, analytical solutions for primary and adjoint systems are derived and presented in closed forms. Numerically calculated solutions are compared to the analytical results and show excellent agreements. Insights from sensitivity analysis are discussed to get a better understanding of the values of sensitivity coefficients. The sensitivity coefficients are also computed numerically by finite differences. The numerical sensitivity coefficients successfully reproduce the analytically derived sensitivities based on adjoint states. A derivative‐based global sensitivity method coupled with the adjoint state method is presented and applied to a real field case represented by a site currently being considered for underground nuclear storage in Northern Switzerland, “Zürich Nordost”, to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show the advantage of the adjoint state method compared to other methods in term of computational effort.
Exosome-mediated uptake of mast cell tryptase into the nucleus of melanoma cells: a novel axis for regulating tumor cell proliferation and gene expression
Authors: Rabelo Melo Fabio , Santosh Martin Sebastin , Sommerhoff Christian P. , Pejler Gunnar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt is well established that mast cell accumulation accompanies most malignancies. However, the knowledge of how mast cells functionally impact on tumors is still rudimentary. Here we addressed this issue and show that mast cells have anti-proliferative activity on melanoma cells and that this effect is dependent on tryptase, a tetrameric protease stored in mast cell granules. Mechanistically, tryptase was found to be endocytosed by melanoma cells as cargo of DNA-coated exosomes released from melanoma cells, followed by transport to the nucleus. In the nucleus, tryptase executed clipping of histone 3 and degradation of Lamin B1, accompanied by extensive nuclear remodeling. Moreover, tryptase degraded hnRNP A2/B1, a protein involved in mRNA stabilization and interaction with non-coding RNAs. This was followed by downregulated expression of the oncogene EGR1 and of multiple non-coding RNAs, including oncogenic species. Altogether, these findings establish a new principle for regulation of tumor cell proliferation.
PKAc-directed interaction and phosphorylation of Ptc is required for Hh signaling inhibition in Drosophila
Authors: Fan Jialin , Gao Yajie , Lu Yi , Wu Wenqing , Yuan Shuo , Wu Hailong , Chen Dahua , Zhao Yun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPtc is a gatekeeper to avoid abnormal Hh signaling activation, but the key regulators involved in Ptc-mediated inhibition remain largely unknown. Here, we identify PKAc as a key regulator required for Ptc inhibitory function. In the absence of Hh, PKAc physically interacts with Ptc and phosphorylates Ptc at Ser-1150 and -1183 residues. The presence of Hh unleashes PKAc from Ptc and activates Hh signaling. By combining both in vitro and in vivo functional assays, we demonstrate that such Ptc–PKAc interaction and Ptc phosphorylation are both important for Ptc inhibitory function. Interestingly, we further demonstrate that PKAc is subjected to palmitoylation, contributing to its kinase activity on plasma membrane. Based on those novel findings, we establish a working model on Ptc inhibitory function: In the absence of Hh, PKAc interacts with and phosphorylates Ptc to ensure its inhibitory function; and Hh presence releases PKAc from Ptc, resulting in Hh signaling activation.
ABA-mediated regulation of leaf and root hydraulic conductance in tomato grown at elevated CO2 is associated with altered gene expression of aquaporins
Authors: Fang Liang , Abdelhakim Lamis Osama Anwar , Hegelund Josefine Nymark , Li Shenglan , Liu Jie , Peng Xiaoying , Li Xiangnan , Wei Zhenhua , Liu Fulai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Elevated CO2 concentration in the air (e[CO2]) decreases stomatal density (SD) and stomatal conductance (gs) where abscisic acid (ABA) may play a role, yet the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. We investigated the effects of e[CO2] (800 ppm) on leaf gas exchange and water relations of two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes, Ailsa Craig (WT) and its ABA-deficient mutant (flacca). Compared to plants grown at ambient CO2 (400 ppm), e[CO2] stimulated photosynthetic rate in both genotypes, while depressed the gs only in WT. SD showed a similar response to e[CO2] as gs, although the change was not significant. e[CO2] increased leaf and xylem ABA concentrations and xylem sap pH, where the increases were larger in WT than in flacca. Although leaf water potential was unaffected by CO2 growth environment, e[CO2] lowered osmotic potential, hence tended to increase turgor pressure particularly for WT. e[CO2] reduced hydraulic conductance of leaf and root in WT but not in flacca, which was associated with downregulation of gene expression of aquaporins. It is concluded that ABA-mediated regulation of gs, SD, and gene expression of aquaporins coordinates the whole-plant hydraulics of tomato grown at different CO2 environments.