bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Vector Vorticity Dynamical Core on Cubed Sphere for Use in the Quasi‐3‐D Multiscale Modeling Framework
Authors: Jung Joon‐Hee , Konor Celal S. , Randall David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe dynamical core that predicts the three‐dimensional vorticity rather than the momentum, which is called Vector‐Vorticity Model (VVM), is implemented on a cubed sphere. Its horizontal coordinate system is not restricted to orthogonal, while the vertical coordinate is orthogonal to the horizontal surface. Accordingly, all the governing equations of the VVM, which are originally developed with Cartesian coordinates, are rewritten in terms of general curvilinear coordinates. The local coordinates on each cube surface are constructed with the gnomonic equiangular projection. Using global channel domains, the VVM on the cubed sphere has been evaluated by (1) advecting a passive tracer with a bell‐shaped initial perturbation along an east‐west latitude circle and along a north‐south meridional circle and (2) simulating the evolution of barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. The simulated results with the cubed‐sphere grids are compared to analytic solutions or those with the regular longitude‐latitude grids. The convergence with increasing spatial resolution is also quantified using standard error norms. The comparison shows that the solutions with the cubed‐sphere grids are quite reasonable for both linear and nonlinear problems when high resolutions are used. With coarse resolution, degeneracy appears in the solutions of the nonlinear problems such as spurious wave growth; however, it is effectively reduced with increased resolution. Based on the encouraging results in this study, we intend to use this model as the cloud‐resolving component in a global Quasi‐Three‐Dimensional Multiscale Modeling Framework.
New hysteresis‐current‐controlled buck converter with AC sensing techniques
Authors: Lei C.‐C. , Hwang Y.‐S. , Chen J.‐J. , Ku Y.‐T. 
Published: February 2019

A new hysteresis‐current‐controlled buck converter with alternating current (AC) sensing techniques is presented in this Letter. The proposed AC sensing technique senses the inductor current ripple by sensing the voltage at two terminals of the inductor. Accompanying with hysteresis‐current‐controlled technique and a type‐III compensator, the transient response can be accelerated. The simulation result shows the response time is 0.7 µs when the load current switch from 150 to 600 mA and the maximum efficiency is 94.6%.
High resolution optical spectroscopy of the N2-rich comet C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS)
Authors: Opitom C. , Hutsemékers D. , Jehin E. , Rousselot P. , Pozuelos F. J. , Manfroid J. , Moulane Y. , Gillon M. , Benkhaldoun Z. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Early observations of comet C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS) have shown that the composition of this comet is very peculiar. Radio observations have revealed a CO-rich and HCN-poor comet and an optical coma dominated by strong emission bands of CO+ and, more surprisingly, N2+.
Aims. The strong detection of N2+ in the coma of C/2016 R2 provided an ideal opportunity to measure the 14N∕15N isotopic ratio directly from N2+ for the first time, and to estimate the N2∕CO ratio, which is an important diagnostic to constrain formation models of planetesimals, in addition to the more general study of coma composition.
Methods. We obtained high resolution spectra of the comet in February 2018 when it was at 2.8 au from the Sun. We used the UVES spectrograph of the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, complemented with narrowband images obtained with the TRAPPIST telescopes.
Results. We detect strong emissions from the N2+ and CO+ ions, but also CO2+, emission lines from the CH radical, and much fainter emissions of the CN, C2, and C3 radicals that were not detected in previous observations of this comet. We do not detect OH or H2O+, and we derive an upper limit of the H2O+∕CO+ ratio of 0.4, implying that the comet has a low water abundance. We measure a N2+/CO+ ratio of 0.06 ± 0.01. The non-detection of NH2 indicates that most of the nitrogen content of the comet is in N2. Together with the high N2+/CO+ ratio, this could indicate a low formation temperature of the comet or that the comet is a fragment of a large differentiated Kuiper Belt object. The CO2+/CO+ ratio is 1.1 ± 0.3. We do not detect 14N15N+ lines and can only put a lower limit on the 14N∕15N ratio (measured from N2+) of about 100, which is compatible with measurements of the same isotopic ratio for NH2 and CN in other comets. Finally, in addition to the [OI] and [CI] forbidden lines, we detect for the first time the forbidden nitrogen lines [NI] doublet at 519.79 and 520.03 nm in the coma of a comet.
Improved endoscopic resection of large flat lesions and early cancers using an external additional working channel (AWC): a case series
Authors: Walter Benjamin , Schmidbaur Simone , Krieger Yannick , Meining Alexander 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background En-bloc resection of large, flat lesions or early stages of cancer is challenging. No bimanual tasks are possible using standard endoscopes. Dual-channel endoscopes are not available everywhere and have a small distance between the channels.
Patients and methods A new external additional working channel (AWC) (Ovesco, Tuebingen, Germany) was designed and developed potentially enabling bimanual tasks. Fixed to the tip of a standard gastroscope or pediatric colonoscope, a second endoscopic tool can be inserted through the AWC and used for tissue retraction during endoscopic resection.
Results In the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with a modified grasp-and-snare technique and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were performed successfully using the AWC in eight patients. Complications were acute arterial bleeding post-EMR in two cases treated by endoscopic clipping.
Conclusions We conclude that a newly developed external additional working channel (AWC) enables endoscopic resection of large lesions in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Potential benefits are its suitability for EMR and ESD, no need for a dual-channel endoscope and an adjustable distance of working channels.
Short-Term Clinical and Radiographical Outcome after Application of Anchored Intervertebral Spacers in Dogs with Disc-Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy
Authors: Rohner Deborah , Kowaleski Michael , Schwarz Günter , Forterre Franck 
Published: February 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term outcome of a new intervertebral anchored fusion device (C-LOX) for the treatment of disc associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (DA-CSM) in dogs, based on clinical and radiographical follow-up data.
Materials and Methods To be included in the study, dogs had to be clinically affected by DA-CSM treated with surgical distraction/stabilization using the anchored intervertebral spacer (C-LOX). Neurological signs, as well as diagnostic imaging performed pre-, immediately postoperatively, and after 6 weeks and 3 months were assessed. If available, clinical follow-up after 3 months was documented.
Results Thirty-seven cases were enrolled in the study. Outcome at 3 months was available in 25 dogs; improvement of neurological status was documented in 25/25 cases.The most common postoperative complication was screw loosening and/or breakage (n = 22), followed by subsidence (n = 15). Four dogs required revision surgery.
Clinical Significance Distraction/stabilization of DA-CSM in dogs with the C-LOX device resulted in short-term clinical improvement in 33/37 treated cases. The high incidence of screw loosening was taken into consideration and modification of the implant with a new locking system and new screw dimensions was required. The C-LOX device seems to be a valuable alternative to more complicated distraction–fusion techniques.
Evaluation of the Superior Labial Musculomucosal Flap in Dogs: An Angiographic Study and Case Report
Authors: Degner Daniel , Doyle Cody 
Published: February 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the angiosome of the superior and inferior labial arteries within the superior and inferior labia and to describe superior and inferior labial musculomucosal axial pattern flaps that can be used for intra-oral wound reconstruction. This study also presents the clinical use of a superior labial musculomucosal flap in a dog.
Materials and Methods The common carotid arteries of six canine cadavers were injected with barium sulphate. The skin of the face and labial mucosa was removed and radiographed to study the vascular supply of the superior and inferior labia.
Results The angiograms in all dogs demonstrated that the superior and inferior labial arteries were located within the musculomucosal layer of the labia. At the junction of the rostral and caudal half of the upper lip, extensive choke anastomoses joined the angiosome of the infra-orbital artery. The inferior labial artery perfused the caudal half of the lower labium and had extensive choke anastomoses with the middle and rostral mental arteries.
Clinical Significance The musculomucosal flaps of the superior and inferior labia contain a rich arterial blood supply, which suggests that these flaps may survive in live dogs. The superior labial musculomucosal flap was successfully used to reconstruct a large cleft palate in a single clinical case.
Effect of Hydraulic Expansion on Arteriovenous Fistula of Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ren Wanjun , Du Yuejuan , Jiang Huili , Xu Dongmei 
Published: February 2019

Background Chronic kidney disease has become a serious public health problem in China. Our study is to explore effect of hydraulic expansion on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of hemodialysis patients.Methods A total of 190 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were randomly divided into hydraulic expansion group (n = 117) and conventional surgery group (n = 73). Age, sex, the cause of ESRD, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and diameter of artery and vein from ultrasonography before surgery from patients were recorded. Doppler ultrasonography of vessel was performed with a 12-MHz scanning probe for vascular measurements. The time of first cannulation was recorded. Primary and secondary patency rates were compared between the two groups.Results The mean arterial pressure for this cohort of patients was around 98.12 mm Hg. The mean diameters of artery and vein ready for anastomoses measured by ultrasonography before surgery were 1.96 and 2.04 mm, respectively. Age, weight, BMI, sex ratio, the cause of renal failure, history of catheter insertion, mean arterial pressure, frequency of hemodialysis, blood flow of hemodialysis, and the mode of anastomoses of AVF in conventional surgery group were similar to hydraulic expansion group. There were no differences in stroke volume of radius arterial and venous pressure before dilation between the two groups. The stroke volume of radius artery increased significantly after hydraulic expansion than before dilation and control group. The primary patency rates of AVF in patients with hydraulic expansion were higher significantly than conventional surgery group. The secondary patency rates in conventional surgery group were not different from hydraulic expansion group.Conclusion Hydraulic expansion showed no difference from conventional surgery in complication after operation, and could decrease the time reliance on catheters and the risk of catheter-related infection, thrombosis, and decrease the related medical care costs.
Three-Dimensional Printing for Chest Wall Reconstruction in Thoracic Surgery: Building on Experience
Authors: Smelt Jeremy , Pontiki Antonia , Jahangiri Marjan , Rhode Kawal , Nair Arjun , Bille Andrea 
Published: February 2019

Objectives Patients undergoing surgery for locally advanced lung cancer involving the chest wall require anatomical lung with extensive en-bloc chest wall resection and appropriate reconstruction.In this proof-of-concept study, we aimed to produce personalized three-dimensional (3D)-printed chest wall prosthesis for a patient undergoing chest wall resection and reconstruction using clinically obtained computed tomography (CT) data.
Methods Preoperative CT scans of three patients undergoing chest wall resection were analyzed and the areas of resection segmented. This was then used to produce a 3D print of the chest wall and a silicone mold was created from the model. This mold was sterilized and used to produce methyl methacrylate prostheses which were then implanted into the patients.
Results Three patients had their chest wall reconstructed using this technique to produce a patient specific prosthesis. There were no early complications or deaths.
Conclusions It is possible to use 3D printing to produce a patient specific chest wall reconstruction for patients undergoing chest wall resection for malignancy that is cost-effective. This chest wall is thought to provide stability in the form of prosthetic ribs as well compliance in the form of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch. Further research is required to measure chest wall compliance during the respiratory cycle and long-term follow-up from this method.
Transition from stochastic events to deterministic ensemble average in electron transfer reactions revealed by single-molecule conductance measurement
Authors: Li Yueqi , Wang Hui , Wang Zixiao , Qiao Yanjun , Ulstrup Jens , Chen Hong-Yuan , Zhou Gang , Tao Nongjian 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Electron transfer (ET) is an elementary step in many chemical reactions and biological processes. Measuring ET at the single-molecule level opens new prospects for studying individual reaction steps and heterogeneity in ET. Despite recent advances, the connection between the single-molecule behavior and the ensemble averages remains unclear. By performing direct electrical measurements on ferrocene with variable lengths of molecular linkers, we found that the ET process is stochastic and follows first-order kinetics at the single-molecule level, but ensemble averaging of the single-molecule measurements recovers the thermodynamic behavior. This study provides a framework to connect stochastic single-molecule behavior and deterministic ensemble thermodynamics.
Linkage between retinal ganglion cell density and the nonuniform spatial integration across the visual field
Authors: Kwon MiYoung , Liu Rong 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The integration of visual information over space is critical to human pattern vision. For either luminance detection or object recognition, the position of the target in the visual field governs the size of a window within which visual information is integrated. Here we analyze the relationship between the topographic distribution of ganglion cell density and the nonuniform spatial integration across the visual field. We find that the variation in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density across the human retina is closely matched to the variation in the extent of spatial integration. Our study suggests that a fixed number of RGCs subserves spatial integration of visual input, independent of the visual-field location.
Ellagic acid affects mRNA expression levels of genes that regulate cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells
Authors: Kubota Shizuka , Tanaka Yuma , Nagaoka Satoshi 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Ellagic acid has been shown to improve cholesterol metabolism in animal studies, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this function have not been fully understood. We performed DNA microarray analysis to elucidate the effects of ellagic acid on cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes. This revealed that the expression levels of several genes related to cholesterol metabolism, including the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), were changed by ellagic acid treatment. Using a real-time PCR and immunoblot we confirmed that ellagic acid treatment up-regulated mRNA and protein expression level of the LDLR. Moreover, In the presence of 25 μM ellagic acid, extracellular apoB protein and MTP mRNA levels were significantly decreased. These findings indicate that ellagic acid improves cholesterol metabolism through the up-regulation of LDLR, down-regulation of MTP mRNA and reduces extracellular apoB levels. The ellagic acid-induced up-regulation of LDLR occurred via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in HepG2 hepatocytes.
Abbreviations: LDLR: low-density lipoprotein receptor; apoB: apolipoprotein B; PKC: diacylglycerol-protein kinase C; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK: p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; VLDLR: very low density lipoprotein receptor; PPARδ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ; SREBPs: sterol regulatory element-binding proteins; MTP: microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein; LPDS: lipoprotein-deficient serum
A Regression Tree for Identifying Risk Factors for Fear of Falling: The International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS)
Authors: Curcio Carmen-Lucia , Wu Yan Yan , Vafaei Afshin , Barbosa Juliana Fernandez de Souza , Guerra Ricardo , Guralnik Jack , Gomez Fernando 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
We determine the best combination of factors for predicting the risk of developing fear of falling (FOF) in older people via Classification Regression Tree (CaRT) analysis.

Methods
Community-dwelling older adults living in Canada, Albania, Brazil, and Colombia were from International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS). In 2014, 1,725 participants (aged 65–74) were assessed. With a retention rate of 81%, in 2016, 1,409 individuals were reassessed. Risk factors for FOF were entered into the CaRT: age, sex, education, self-rated health, comorbidity, medication, visual impairment, frailty, cognitive deficit, depression, fall history, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), walking aid use, and mobility disability measured by the Nagi questionnaire.

Results
The classification tree included 12 end groups representing differential risks of FOF with a minimum of two and a maximum of five predictors. The first split in the tree involved impaired physical function (SPPB scores). Respondents with less than 8 in SPPB score and mobility disability had 82% risk of developing FOF at the end of 2-year follow-up. Between 23.2% and 82.3% of the risk of developing FOF in 2 years of follow-up were explained by only five variables: age, sex, self-rated health, functional impairment measured by SPPB, and mobility disability. In those with no functional impairment or mobility disability, levels of education, sex, and self-rated health were important predictors of FOF in the future.

Conclusion
This classification tree included different groups based on specific combinations of a maximum of five easily measurable predictors with emphasis on impaired physical functioning risk factors for developing FOF.
Rehabilitation After Hip Fracture for Nursing Home Residents: A Controlled Feasibility Trial
Authors: Beaupre Lauren A , Magaziner Jay S , Jones C Allyson , Jhangri Gian S , Johnston D William C , Wilson Donna M , Majumdar Sumit R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
This study compared functional outcomes at 3 months after hip fracture surgery between nursing home residents participating in a 10-week outreach rehabilitation program and those receiving usual care. Function, health-related quality of life, and mortality were also compared over 12 months, and outreach program feasibility was assessed.

Methods
A feasibility trial was undertaken in Canadian nursing homes; of 77 participants, 46 were allocated to Outreach and 31 to Control prior to assessing function or cognition. Outreach participants received 10 weeks of rehabilitation (30 sessions), and Control participants received usual posthospital fracture care in their nursing homes. The primary outcome was the Functional Independence Measure Physical Domain (FIMphysical) score 3 months post-fracture; we also explored FIM Locomotion and Mobility. Secondary outcomes were FIM scores, EQ-5D-3L scores, and mortality over 12 months. Program feasibility was also evaluated.

Results
The mean age was 88.7 ± 7.0 years, 55 (71%) were female, and 58 (75%) had severe cognitive impairment with no significant group differences (p &gt; .14). Outreach participants had significantly higher FIM Locomotion than usual care (p = .02), but no significant group differences were seen in FIMphysical or FIM Mobility score 3 months post-fracture. In adjusted analyses, Outreach participants reported significant improvements in all FIM and EQ-5D-3L scores compared with Control participants over 12 months (p &lt; .05). Mortality did not differ by group (p = .80). Thirty (65%) Outreach participants completed the program.

Conclusions
Our feasibility trial demonstrated that Outreach participants achieved better locomotion by 3 months post-fracture compared with participants receiving usual postfracture care; benefits were sustained to 12 months post-fracture. In adjusted analyses, Outreach participants also showed sustained benefits in physical function and health-related quality of life.
A User-Friendly Prediction Tool to Identify Colectomy Risk in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Dalal Rahul S , Osterman Mark T , Buchner Anna M , Praestgaard Amy , Lewis James D , Lichtenstein Gary R 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) fear the potential side effects of immunosuppressive therapies. However, those with medically refractory disease often require total proctocolectomy (TPC) with a permanent ostomy or pouch, which may reduce quality of life. Prior studies have identified TPC predictors; however, no clinically useful prognostic tools exist to guide shared therapeutic decision-making. We therefore sought to develop a prediction tool of future TPC risk in UC patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, clinic charts of UC patients were reviewed from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017. Cases had TPC performed for refractory UC after January 1, 2008. Controls had no prior UC surgery. Clinical data were assessed 1–12 months preceding TPC or clinic visit for cases and controls, respectively. We randomly selected two-thirds of patients to develop a TPC prediction model using multivariable logistic regression. One-third was reserved for model validation.ResultsWe identified 115 cases and 325 controls. TPC predictors included albumin, 9-point Mayo score >5, Mayo endoscopic subscore >1, and corticosteroid use within 6 months. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the multivariable model were 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92–0.95) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89–0.95) for the test and validation cohorts, respectively. The validation cohort demonstrated a significant difference in calculated probability distributions between patients who did and did not have TPC (P < 0.01). We incorporated our model into a web-based application to allow convenient calculation of a patient’s TPC risk.ConclusionsWe created a user-friendly tool to assess TPC risk in UC. Prospective assessment will determine its utility for shared therapeutic decision-making.