bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONGENITAL CARDITIS IN A NEWBORN (case report)
Authors: Gonchar M.O. , Senatorova A.V. , Matsievskaya N.K. , Zatoloka D.V. 
Published: June 2019

CONGENITAL CARDITIS IN A NEWBORN (case report)Gonchar M.O., Senatorova A.V., Matsiyevskaya N.K., Zatoloka D.V.Diagnosis of carditis in newborns presents a number of difficulties, even with the results of high-technology research methods. Carditis is characterized by the absence of specific diagnostic criteria, similarity of clinical manifestations of cardiovascular and respiratory failure in young children, including secondary to generalized infectious diseases. The article presents a case of an atypical clinical presentation of carditis in a child with a confirmed intrauterine infection.Key words: newborns, carditis, intrauterine infection ВРОДЖЕНИЙ КАРДИТ У НОВОНАРОДЖЕНОГО (клінічне спостереження)Гончар М.О., Сенаторова А.В., Мацієвська Н.К., Затолока Д.В.Встановлення діагнозу кардит у новонароджених має ряд труднощів, навіть при наявності результатів високотехнологічних методів дослідження. Кардит характеризується відсутністю специфічних діагностичних критеріїв, схожістю клінічних проявів серцево-судинної і дихальної недостатності у дітей раннього віку, в тому числі на тлі генералізованої інфекційної патології. У статті представлений випадок нетипового клінічного перебігу розвитку кардиту у дитини з підтвердженою внутрішньоутробною інфекцією.Ключові слова: новонароджені, кардит, внутрішньоутробна інфекція ВРОЖДЕННЫЙ КАРДИТ У НОВОРОЖДЕННОГО (клиническое наблюдение)Гончарь М.О., Сенаторова А.В., Мациевская Н.К., Затолока Д.В.Установление диагноза кардит у новорождённых имеет ряд сложностей, даже при наличие результатов высокотехнологических методов исследования. Кардит характеризуется отсутствием специфических диагностических критериев, сходством клинических проявлений сердечно-сосудистой и дыхательной недостаточности у детей раннего возраста, в том числе на фоне генерализованной инфекционной патологии. В статье представлен случай нетипичного клинического течения развития кардита у ребенка с подтвержденной внутриутробной инфекцией.Ключевые слова: новорожденные, кардит, внутриутробная инфекция
Optical Transient Object Classification in Wide-field Small Aperture Telescopes with a Neural Network
Authors: Jia Peng , Zhao Yifei , Xue Gang , Cai Dongmei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Wide-field small aperture telescopes are the workhorses of fast sky surveying. Transient discovery is one of their main tasks. Classification of candidate transient images between real sources and artifacts with high accuracy is an important step for transient discovery. In this paper, we propose two transient classification methods based on neural networks. The first method uses the convolutional neural network without pooling layers to classify transient images with a low sampling rate. The second method assumes transient images as one-dimensional signals and is based on recurrent neural networks with long short-term memory and a leaky ReLu activation function in each detection layer. Testing real observation data, we find that although these two methods can both achieve more than 94% classification accuracy, they have different classification properties for different targets. Based on this result, we propose to use the ensemble learning method to increase the classification accuracy further, to more than 97%.
Unusually Bright Single Pulses from the Binary Pulsar B1744–24A: A Case of Strong Lensing?
Authors: Bilous A. V. , Ransom S. M. , Demorest P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We present a study of unusually bright single pulses (BSPs) from a millisecond pulsar in an ablating binary system, B1744−24A, based on several multiorbit observations with the Green Bank Telescope. These pulses come predominantly in time near eclipse ingress and egress, have intensities up to 40 times the average pulse intensity, and pulse widths similar to that of the average pulse profile. The average intensity, spectral index of radio emission, and the dispersion measure do not vary in connection with BSP outbursts. The average profile obtained from BSPs has the same shape as the average profile from all pulses. These properties make it difficult to explain BSPs via scintillation in the interstellar medium, as a separate emission mode, or as conventional giant pulses. BSPs from B1744−24A have similar properties to the strong pulses observed from the Black Widow binary pulsar B1957+10, which were recently attributed to strong lensing by the intrabinary material. We argue that the strong lensing likely occurs in B1744−24A as well. For this system, the sizes and locations of the lenses are not well constrained by simple 1D lensing models from Cordes et al. and Main et al. This partly stems from the poor knowledge of several important physical parameters of the system.
A Spectroscopic Study of a Rich Cluster at z = 1.52 with Subaru and LBT: The Environmental Impacts on the Mass–Metallicity Relation
Authors: Namiki Shigeru V. , Koyama Yusei , Hayashi Masao , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Kashikawa Nobunari , Onodera Masato , Shimakawa Rhythm , Kodama Tadayuki , Tanaka Ichi , Schreiber N. M. Förster , Kurk Jaron , Genzel R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We present the results of our near-infrared spectroscopic observations of a rich cluster candidate around a radio galaxy at z = 1.52 (4C65.22) with Subaru/MOIRCS and Large binocular telescope/LUCI. We observed 71 galaxies mostly on the star-forming main sequence selected by our previous broadband (photo-z) and narrowband Hα imaging observation in this cluster environment. We successfully confirmed the redshifts of 39 galaxies, and concluded that this is a gravitationally bound, real cluster at z = 1.517. Our spectroscopic data also suggest a hint of large-scale filaments or sheet-like three-dimensional structures crossing at the highest-density cluster core. By stacking the spectra to derive their average interstellar medium gas-phase metallicity based on the [N ii]/Hα emission line flux ratio, we find that the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) in the 4C65.22 cluster environment is consistent with that of Hα-selected field galaxies at similar redshifts. Our results suggest that the environmental impacts on the MZR is small at high redshifts, but a larger sample of high-z clusters and their member galaxies is still required to fully address the effect of environment as well as its cluster–cluster variation.
An Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Development of an Opioid Crisis Elective for BSN and RN-to-BSN Students
Authors: Whelpley Robin , Feurer Amy 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The nation's opioid crisis has caused the nursing profession to examine pain management practices, including assessment of pain, diagnosis, and treatment. Nursing programs have the opportunity to play a vital role in addressing the opioid crisis by enhancing the pain management content in their curriculum.

Method:
A nursing elective course was designed and implemented that allowed nursing students to examine appropriate pain assessment, the role of the nurse, best practices in pharmaceutical treatment, and attitudes and biases that may exist. The course was designed by a pharmacist and co-taught with a nurse practitioner.

Results:
The course consisted of 25 nursing students mixed from the baccalaureate nursing (BSN) degree and RN-to-BSN programs. There was a success rate of 100% and an overall satisfaction rate of 97%.

Conclusion:

This course met several goals: (a) the need for an elective; (b) achievement of two nursing program outcomes; (c) increased nursing student knowledge relating to appropriate pain management using an interdisciplinary approach; and (d) camaraderie created between school programs.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(6):360–363.]
Current antibiotic use in the treatment of enteric fever in children
Authors: Dahiya Sushila , Malik Rooma , Sharma Priyanka , Sashi Archana , Lodha Rakesh , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Sood Seema , Das Bimal Kumar , Walia Kamini , Ohri V.C. , Kapil Arti 
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:
Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of typhoid fever with limited choices left to empirically treat these patients. The present study was undertaken to determine the current practices of antibiotic use in children attending a tertiary care hospital in north India.

Methods:
This was a descriptive observational study in children suffering from enteric fever as per the case definition including clinical and laboratory parameters. The antibiotic audit in hospitalized children was measured as days of therapy per 1000 patient days and in outpatient department (OPD) as antibiotic prescription on the treatment card.

Results:
A total of 128 children with enteric fever were included in the study, of whom, 30 were hospitalized and 98 were treated from OPD. The mean duration of fever was 9.5 days at the time of presentation. Of these, 45 per cent were culture positive with Salmonella Typhi being aetiological agent in 68 per cent followed by S. Paratyphi A in 32 per cent. During hospitalization, the average length of stay was 10 days with mean duration of defervescence 6.4 days. Based on antimicrobial susceptibility ceftriaxone was given to 28 patients with mean duration of treatment being six days. An additional antibiotic was needed in six patients due to clinical non-response. In OPD, 79 patients were prescribed cefixime and additional antibiotic was needed in five during follow up visit.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Based on our findings, ceftriaxone and cefixime seemed to be the first line of antibiotic treatment for typhoid fever. Despite susceptibility, clinical non-response was seen in around 10 per cent of the patients who needed combinations of antibiotics.
Phenotypic & genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas species in hospitalized patients
Authors: Bajpai Vijeta , Govindaswamy Aishwarya , Khurana Surbhi , Batra Priyam , Aravinda Anjana , Katoch Omika , Hasan Fahmi , Malhotra Rajesh , Mathur Purva 
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:
Nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant, Pseudomonas species have become a major clinical and public health concern. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from hospitalized patients.

Methods:
A total of 126 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from various clinical samples were included in the study over a period of two years. Identification and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed using automated culture system according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), Amp-C β-lactamase (AmpC) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) were done by various combinations of disc-diffusion and E-test methods, followed by polymerase chain reaction-based detection of β-lactamase-encoding genes.

Results:
Among 126 clinical isolates, 121 (96.1%) isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most of the isolates were recovered from pus sample, 35 (27.8%) followed by urine, 25 (19.84%); endotracheal aspirate, 24 (19.04%); blood, 14 (11.11%) and sputum, four (3.17%). The highest rate of resistance was against ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, 113 (89.7%) followed by meropenem, 92 (72.5%) and ceftazidime, 91 (72.3%). Overall, ESBLs, AmpC and carbapenemase production was detected in 109 (96.4%), 64 (50.8%) and 105 (94.6%) isolates by phenotypic methods. The most prevalent ESBL gene was bla
TEM in 72 (57.1%) and the least prevalent was bla
SHV in 19 (15.1%) isolates. AmpC gene was seen less compared to ESBL gene. The most prevalent carbapenemases gene was bla
NDM-1 41 (46.06%) followed by bla
VIM and bla
OXA-1.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings suggested that a high rate of ESBLs and carbapenemases production was observed in Pseudomonas spp. Therefore, phenotypic and genotypic detection of AMR needs to be combined for better characterization of resistance patterns in Pseudomonas spp.
Molecular characterization & epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii collected across India
Authors: Vijayakumar Saranya , Mathur Purva , Kapil Arti , Das Bimal K. , Ray Pallab , Gautam Vikas , Sistla Sujatha , Parija Subhash Chandra , Walia Kamini , Ohri V.C. , Anandan Shalini , Subramani Kandasamy , Ramya Iyyadurai , Veeraraghavan Balaji 
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for causing nosocomial infections. A. baumannii develops resistance to various antimicrobial agents including carbapenems, thereby complicating the treatment. This study was performed to characterize the isolates for the presence of various β-lactamases encoding genes and to type the isolates to compare our clones with the existing international clones across five centres in India.

Methods:
A total 75 non-repetitive clinical isolates of A. baumannii from five different centres were included in this study. All the isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii by bla
OXA-51-like PCR. Multiplex PCR was performed to identify the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases. Multilocus sequence typing was performed to find the sequence type (ST) of the isolates. e-BURST analysis was done to assign each ST into respective clonal complex.

Results:

bla
OXA-51-like was present in all the 75 isolates. The predominant Class D carbapenemase was bla
OXA-23-like followed by Class B carbapenemase, bla
NDM-like. Class A carbapenemase was not observed. bla
PER-like was the predominant extended spectrum β-lactamase. ST-848, ST-451 and ST-195 were the most common STs. Eight-novel STs were identified. e-BURST analysis showed that the 75 A. baumannii isolates were clustered into seven clonal complexes and four singletons, of which, clonal complex 208 was the largest.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Most of the isolates were grouped under clonal complex 208 which belongs to the international clonal lineage 2. High occurrence of ST-848 carrying bla
OXA-23-like gene suggested that ST-848 could be an emerging lineage spreading carbapenem resistance in India.
Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance associated with extra-intestinal Escherichia coli isolates from hospital samples
Authors: Shetty Shruthi S. , Deekshit Vijaya Kumar , Jazeela Kadeeja , Vittal Rajeshwari , Rohit Anusha , Chakraborty Anirban , Karunasagar Indrani 
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:
Infection from fluoroquinolone-resistant extra-intestinal Escherichia coli is a global concern. In this study, isolation and characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant extra-intestinal E. coli isolates obtained from hospital samples were undertaken to detect plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes.

Methods:
Forty three isolates of E. coli obtained from patients with extra-intestinal infections were subjected to antibiogram to detect fluoroquinolone resistance. The mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance was determined by the detection of PMQR genes and mutations in quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR).

Results:
Of the 43 isolates, 36 were resistant to nalidixic acid (83.72%) and 28 to ciprofloxacin (65.11%). Eight E. coli isolates showed total resistance to both the antimicrobials without any minimum inhibitory concentration. The detection of PMQR genes with qnr primers showed the presence of qnrA in two, qnrB in six and qnrS in 21 isolates. The gene coding for quinolone efflux pump (qepA) was not detected in any of the isolates tested. The presence of some unexpressed PMQR genes in fluoroquinolone sensitive isolates was also observed.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The detection of silent PMQR genes as observed in the present study presents a risk of the transfer of the silent resistance genes to other microorganisms if present in conjugative plasmids, thus posing a therapeutic challenge to the physicians. Hence, frequent monitoring is to be done for all resistance determinants.
Molecular epidemiology & therapeutic options of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Garg Atul , Garg Jaya , Kumar Sachin , Bhattacharya Amitabh , Agarwal Saurabh , Upadhyay G.C. 
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:
The growing incidence and the wide diversity of carbapenemase-producing bacterial strains is a major concern as only a few antimicrobial agents are active on carbapenem-resistant bacteria. This study was designed to study molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) isolates from the community and hospital settings.

Methods:
In this study, non-duplicate GNB were isolated from clinical specimens, and phenotypic test such as modified Hodge test, metallo β-lactamase E-strip test, etc. were performed on carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Multiplex PCR was performed to identify the presence of bla
IMP, bla
VIM, bla
KPC, bla
OXA48, bla
OXA23, bla
SPM, bla
GIM, bla
SIM and bla
NDM. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin, fosfomycin, minocycline, chloramphenicol and tigecycline was also determined.

Results:
Of the 3414 GNB studied, carbapenem resistance was 9.20 per cent and maximum resistance (11.2%) was present at tertiary care centre, followed by secondary care (4%) and primary centre (2.1%). Among the carbapenem-resistant bacteria, overall, the most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24%). On multiplex PCR 90.3 per cent carbapenem-resistant isolates were positive for carbapenemase gene. The bla
NDM (63%) was the most prevalent gene followed by bla
VIM (18.4%). MIC results showed that 88 per cent carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were sensitive to fosfomycin, whereas 78 per cent of P. aeruginosa and 85 per cent Acinetobacter spp. were sensitive to colistin.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Carbapenem resistance in GNB isolates from the community and hospital settings was found to be on the rise and should be closely monitored. In the absence of new antibiotics in pipeline and limited therapeutic options, prudent use of antibiotics and strict infection control practices should be followed in hospital to limit the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Automatic detection of avalanches combining array classification and localization
Authors: Heck Matthias , van Herwijnen Alec , Hammer Conny , Hobiger Manuel , Schweizer Jürg , Fäh Donat 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We used continuous data from a seismic monitoring system to automatically determine the avalanche activity at a remote field site above Davos, Switzerland.
The approach is based on combining a machine learning algorithm with array processing techniques to provide an operational method capable of near real-time classification.
First, we used a recently developed method based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) to automatically identify events in continuous seismic data using only a single training event. For the 2016–2017 winter period, this resulted in 117 events. Second, to eliminate falsely classified events such as airplanes and local earthquakes, we implemented an additional HMM-based classifier at a second array 14 km away. By cross-checking the results of both arrays, we reduced the number of classifications by about 50 %. In a third and final step we used multiple signal classification (MUSIC), an array processing technique, to determine the direction of the source. As snow avalanches recorded at our arrays typically generate signals with small changes in source direction, events with large changes were dismissed. From the 117 initially detected events during the 4-month period, our classification workflow removed 96 events. The majority of the remaining 21 events were on 9 and 10 March 2017, in line with visual avalanche observations in the Davos region. Our results suggest that the classification workflow presented could be used to identify major avalanche periods and highlight the importance of array processing techniques for the automatic classification of avalanches in seismic data.
Spatially distributed tracer-aided runoff modelling and dynamics of storage and water ages in a permafrost-influenced catchment
Authors: Piovano Thea I. , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Carey Sean K. , Shatilla Nadine J. , Smith Aaron , Soulsby Chris 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Permafrost strongly controls hydrological processes in cold regions. Our
understanding of how changes in seasonal and perennial frozen ground
disposition and linked storage dynamics affect runoff generation processes
remains limited. Storage dynamics and water redistribution are influenced by
the seasonal variability and spatial heterogeneity of frozen ground, snow
accumulation and melt. Stable isotopes are potentially useful for quantifying the
dynamics of water sources, flow paths and ages, yet few studies have employed
isotope data in permafrost-influenced catchments. Here, we applied the
conceptual model STARR (the Spatially distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall–Runoff model), which facilitates fully distributed simulations of hydrological
storage dynamics and runoff processes, isotopic composition and water ages.
We adapted this model for a subarctic catchment in Yukon Territory, Canada,
with a time-variable implementation of field capacity to include the
influence of thaw dynamics. A multi-criteria calibration based on stream
flow, snow water equivalent and isotopes was applied to 3 years of data.
The integration of isotope data in the spatially distributed model provided
the basis for quantifying spatio-temporal dynamics of water storage and ages,
emphasizing the importance of thaw layer dynamics in mixing and damping the
melt signal. By using the model conceptualization of spatially and temporally
variable storage, this study demonstrates the ability of tracer-aided
modelling to capture thaw layer dynamics that cause mixing and damping of the
isotopic melt signal.
Machine learning approach for automated defense against network intrusions
Authors: Hamdani Farhaan Noor , Siddiqui Farheen 
Published: June 2019

With the advent of the internet, there is a major concern regarding the growing number of attacks, where the attacker can target any computing or network resource remotely Also, the exponential shift towards the use of smart-end technology devices, results in various security related concerns, which include detection of anomalous data traffic on the internet. Unravelling legitimate traffic from malignant traffic is a complex task itself. Many attacks affect system resources thereby degenerating their computing performance. In this paper we propose a framework of supervised model implemented using machine learning algorithms which can enhance or aid the existing intrusion detection systems, for detection of variety of attacks. Here KDD (knowledge data and discovery) dataset is used as a benchmark. In accordance with detective abilities, we also analyze their performance, accuracy, alerts-logs and compute their overall detection rate.
These machine learning algorithms are validated and tested in terms of accuracy, precision, true-false positives and negatives. Experimental results show that these methods are effective, generating low false positives and can be operative in building a defense line against network intrusions. Further, we compare these algorithms in terms of various functional parameters