bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollution Bio- indicators In Al-Diwania River A1- (^a?lisia Province / Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

Benthic invertebrates were used as bio- indicators to evaluate the pollution in -Diwania River . Five stations were selected for this purpose , extending from A1 -?? rtream to A1- Sadeer District downstream . The percentage of?ct uP?str?^ ? ?, oligochaeta to total benthic invertebrates were calculated . The population density of evaluation. 'I'he results Were ??? Tubificid worms without hair ehaetae was ©iso used IOBS(01igochaete Index of Sediment Bioindicati©n ), TUSP ? presented as indices Io (Tubificidae Species Percentage ) & degree of pollution Eo . IT was noticed that the 0 in??37.17 percentage of ©lig©chaeta to the total benthic invertebrates ranged between to 60.685 in station 3 , while the percentage ©f Tubificid w©rms t© ©ther ? stati©n oligochaeta ranged from 32% in station 2 to 74.17% in station 3.Io values ranged between 21.3 in station 3 to 22.3 in station I , while lobs index showed a higher value 7.62 in station 3 and lawer value 2.43 in station 3 .the higher value of TUSP index was 32,5 in stati©n 5 and the lawer valus was 15.9 in station 1 . Pollution degree F
1	( percentage ©f Tubificidae without hair M/gg& ? was rec©rded in stati©n 5-96 respectively ) and degree E in station 3,4&5 (percentage of Tubificidae & ?4-? without hair ehaetae was 15.95 , 15.95 & 16.16 respectively ). According to these results, stati©n 1 & 2 may be regarded as free fr©m p©lluti©n , while the other stations
. were considered as slightly p©lluted
Studying some Immunological and Hormonal profiles in Infertile Male
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

The present study was designed to evaluate the immunological status in a sample of Iraqi males with primary infertility and them age range18-55 years, who were attending the Centre of Infertility and in vitro Fertilization (Kamal Al-Samaraie Hospital, Baghdad) during the period December 2008 – April 2009. They were divided into three groups; 40 patients with anti-sperm antibodies (ASA), 20 patients with Asthenozoospermia (AST) and 20 patients with azoospermia (AZO). In adition to20 fertile males was as control group. The parameters of evaluations were standard seminal fluid analysis, anti-sperm antibodies and anti-mitochondrial antibodies in serum, Therefore, two types of samples were collected from each subject; seminal fluid and blood.
The following results were obtained:
1.	There was a significant (P ? 0.05) decrease count of sperms in ASA (44.6 x 106 sperm/ml) and AST (46.9 x 106 sperm/ml) patients as compared to controls (63.2 x 106 sperm/ml) but the the result with in normal limit.
2.	Serum anti-sperm antibodies were positive in 100.% of ASA patients, while in AZO patients, a much lower percentage was observed (25% for serum), and a much lower percentage was observed in controls (5% for serum but these influence were not clear). In contrast, none of the AST patients were positive ASA. These results were positively correlated with the corresponding serum and seminal fluid level, and the highest level was observed in ASA patients (107.6 U/ml). These differences were statistically significant.
3.	Serum AMA showed different percentages in ASA, AST and AZO patients and controls (37.5, 25.0 and 20.0, 15.0%, respectively), but these differences were not significant. However, their serum level was significantly increased in ASA patients as compared to controls (11.9 vs. 6.5 U/ml).
Cover Crop Mixture Effects on Maize, Soybean, and Wheat Yield in Rotation
Authors: Hunter Mitchell C. , Schipanski Meagan E. , Burgess Macdonald H. , LaChance James C. , Bradley Brosi A. , Barbercheck Mary E. , Kaye Jason P. , Mortensen David A. 
Published: March 2019

Core IdeasFew studies report the effects of cover crop mixtures on crop yields in rotation.Cover crop C/N ratio was negatively correlated with maize yield.Multispecies mixtures did not affect maize, soybean, or wheat yields.Cover crops with high biomass and C/N ratios provide unique ecosystem services.Both mixtures and diverse rotations may enhance cover crop ecosystem services.Despite the popularity of multispecies cover crop mixtures, there is little published evidence of their effects on subsequent crop yields, especially for multiple crops grown in rotation. We examined the effects of fall‐planted cover crops—both mixtures and their component monocultures—on subsequent crop yields in an organically managed maize (Zea maysL.)–soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]–winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation in central Pennsylvania. We hypothesized that cover crop biomass C/N ratio would be negatively correlated with crop yields. This held true for maize (R2= 0.134,p< 0.0001), but there was no cover crop effect on soybean or wheat yields. All multispecies mixtures produced high biomass, and none affected maize yield relative to fallow. Our findings suggest that both multispecies cover crops and diverse crop rotations may increase opportunities to gain the benefits of cover crops with high biomass and C/N ratio—such as erosion control, weed suppression, N retention, and soil C accumulation—without compromising yield.
Minimum or No‐Tillage Improves Sugarcane Ratoon Yield on Florida Histosol
Authors: Sandhu Hardev S. , Singh Maninder P. , Vuyyuru Murali 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Tillering was better in conventional than no‐tillage in plant cane but it was opposite in second ratoon.
Minimum or no‐tillage produced higher sugarcane ratoon yields than conventional tillage in Florida Histosols.
Overall, in a 3‐yr crop cycle, the yields were similar in all three tillage levels.
Tillage effect on yield did not vary with the varieties.
ABSTRACTMinimum or no‐tillage reduces soil carbon oxidation in Histosols, however tillage effect on sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) growth and yield are not well understood. To determine the effects of tillage on sugarcane growth and yield, a 3‐yr (plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon) field trial was conducted in 2013–2015 with three tillage levels and three varieties (CP 88–1762, CP 89–2143, and CP 00–1101). Tillage levels were conventional tillage, CT (three pre‐planting disc passes and two post‐planting inter‐row cultivations); minimum tillage, MT (two pre‐planting disc passes and one post‐planting inter‐row cultivation); and no‐tillage, NT (no cultivation). Data were collected on Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD), stomatal conductance, tillering, and yield parameters. Our results showed that tillage did not affect SPAD and stomatal conductance. Tillering was better in CT than NT in plant cane but it was opposite in second ratoon. Sugarcane yield (tons of cane per hectare, TCH) and sugar yield (tons of sugar per hectare, TSH) were not significantly different in plant cane, but NT had greater TCH than CT and MT in first ratoon, and both NT and MT had greater TCH and TSH than CT in second ratoon. Tillage effects on yield did not vary with the varieties. Our results showed that NT and MT improved yields in ratoon crops with no significant effect on overall sugarcane yields in a 3‐yr crop cycle in a Florida Histosol. Therefore, tillage may be minimized or eliminated in fallow planting to improve soil sustainability without any sugarcane yield penalty in a Florida Histosol.
Nitrogen Management of Brachytic Dwarf Brown Midrib Forage Sorghum in New York
Authors: Lyons Sarah E. , Ketterings Quirine M. , Godwin Gregory S. , Cherney Debbie J. , Cherney Jerome H. , Meisinger John J. , Kilcer Tom F. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Forage sorghum is a viable alternative to corn silage in the northeastern United States.
Brachytic dwarf BMR sorghum can yield nearly 20 Mg DM ha–1 in the Northeast.
Forage sorghum requires approximately 10 kg N per 1 Mg DM for optimum performance.
Forage sorghum following manure or legume histories may not need additional N.
ABSTRACTForage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] can be an alternative to corn silage (Zea mays L.) in the northeastern United States due to its drought tolerance and later planting date. Our objective was to determine the most economic rate of N (MERN) for a brachytic dwarf brown midrib (BMR) forage sorghum cultivar based on 13 N‐rate trials in New York from 2013 to 2017. Trials fell into one of three groups based on yield response to N: Group 1, no response (MERN = 0; n = 2); Group 2, no yield plateau (n = 4); and Group 3, yield plateau between the lowest and highest N rates (n = 7). Group 1 dry matter (DM) yields averaged 18.7 Mg DM ha−1 and included trials with manure or legume histories. Trials in Group 2 averaged 17.6 Mg DM ha−1 at the highest N rate with an increase of 38 kg DM per kg of N. Group 3 trial MERNs averaged 203 kg N ha−1 with a yield at the MERN of 19.9 Mg DM ha−1. Nitrogen use efficiency, apparent N recovery, and crude protein at the MERN of the Group 3 trials averaged 46 kg DM kg−1 N, 63%, and 80 g kg−1, respectively. Nitrogen did not greatly influence other nutritive value indicators. We conclude that the MERN of BMR forage sorghum is ∼10 kg N per 1 Mg DM yield. Additional trials are needed to confirm that fields with recent manure or legume histories may not require additional N.
Colloidal Dynamics of Freshly Formed Iron Oxides under the Influence of Silicic Acid
Authors: Dam Than T. N. , Hoang Nhung T. , Nguyen Anh T. N. , Nguyen Huan X. , Nguyen Phuong M. , Nguyen Khai M. , Nguyen Minh N. 
Published: March 2019

Silicic acid and soluble Fe are among the most abundant components in acid mine drainage. During the oxidation of Fe(II), the interaction between silicic acid and freshly formed Fe oxides might change the colloidal dynamics, altering surface charge properties. However, the effects of silicic acid on colloidal Fe oxides formed from acid mine drainage are not fully understood. In this work, we examined the colloidal dynamics of freshly formed Fe oxides in synthetic acid mine drainage (prepared from FeSO4 solution) under the effect of silicic acid as a function of changes in pH and ionic strength. The results demonstrate that through adsorption, silicic acid progressively slows oxidation and enhances the dispersion of freshly formed Fe oxides by shifting the surface charge toward more negative values. This effect was most prominent between pH 5 and 9. The current results demonstrate that silicic acid enhances the dispersion and transport of freshly formed Fe oxides and suggest that aggregation‐based techniques for the treatment of Fe‐rich drainage may require further consideration of this effect.Core Ideas
Silicic acid may occur at a significant concentration in Fe‐rich acid mine drainage.
During the oxidation of Fe, silicic acid can react and modify the Fe oxide surface charge.
By shifting the surface charge to lower levels, silicic acid can favor Fe oxide dispersion.
Silicic acid can thus promote the transport of acid mine drainage‐derived Fe(III) oxides.
Stormwater runoff treatment filtration system and backwashing system
Authors: Lee Junho , Lee Myungjin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study has been carried out to evaluate the applicability of the pilot scale hybrid type of stormwater runoff treatment system for treatment of combined sewer overflow. Also, to determine the optimum operation parameter such as coagulation dosage concentration, effectiveness of coagulant usage, surface loading rate and backwashing conditions. The pilot scale stormwater filtration system (SFS) was installed at the municipal wastewater plant serving the city of Cheongju (CWTP), Korea. CWTP has a capacity of 280,000 m3/day. The SFS consists of a hydrocyclone coagulation/flocculation with polyaluminium chloride silicate (PACS) and an upflow filter to treat combined sewer overflows. There are two modes (without PACS use and with PACS use) of operation for the SFS. In case of no coagulant use, the range of suspended solids (SS) and turbidity removal efficiency were 72.0–86.6% (mean 80.0%) and 30.9–71.1% (mean 49.3%), respectively. And, the recovery rate of filter was 79.2–83.6% (mean 81.2%); the rate of remaining solid loading in filter media was 16.4–20.8% (mean 18.8%) after backwashing. The influent turbidity, SS concentrations were 59.0–90.7 NTU (mean 72.0 NTU), 194.0–320.0mg/L (mean 246.7mg/L), respectively. The range of PACS dosage concentration was 6.0–7.1mg/L (mean 6.7mg/L). The range of SS and turbidity removal efficiency was 84.9–98.2 (mean 91.4%) and 70.7–96.3 (mean 84.0%), respectively. It was found that removal efficiency was enhanced with PACS dosage. The recovery rate of filter was 92.0–92.5% (mean 92.3%) the rate of remaining solid loading in filter media was 6.1–8.2% (mean 7.2%) after backwashing. In the case of coagulant use, the particle size of the effluent is bigger than influent particle size. The results showed that SFS with PACS use more effective than without PACS use in SS and turbidity removal efficiency and recovery rate of filter.
Risk-based automated system for prediction of fire safety in railway facilities
Authors: Pronevich O. B. , Shubinsky I. B. 
Published: March 2019

Aim.The development of the Russian railway industry is associated with the growing number of operated buildings, rolling stock, more complex business processes of infrastructure maintenance and client service. In this context, JSC Russian Railways (JSC RZD) needs to manage the fire safety of more than ten thousand units of traction rolling stock and hundreds of buildings, where potential fires may cause harm to passengers or interruption of service. Fire safety management of both fixed and mobile railway facilities is performed at all lifecycle stages from design to disposal. Implementing the processes of fire safety diagnostics and prediction requires the development of a man-machine system whose core would be an automated fire risk control system (ACS) that allows – basedon the fire risk prediction – makingdecisions regarding the requirement for the repairs, replacement or maintenance of railway facilities and fire safety systems. Methods.The methods of the automatic control theory, expert assessment were used. The study aimed to develop an algorithm of automated auditing of railway facilities fire safety. Results.It is established that the majority fire safety control systems use gas concentration sensors to detect symptoms of hazard before flame development. This approach is hardly effective in terms of fire safety of railway facilities. For railway facilities whose actual state has an effect on the probability of fire a fire audit algorithm was developed that is based on the existing service and repair system, as well as statistical data on the states of railway facilities that precede fire. In order to enable systematic risk management measures in a large number of railway facilities, the paper proposes the structure of an automated fire risks management system that includes a fire safety management center and a mobile hardware and software system for fire safety auditing. Conclusions. It shows the importance of developing a proactive fire safety management system based on fire risk assessment. It was identified that information on the states preceding fires in railway facilities can be obtained from both the existing automated failure reporting and risk assessment systems and the diagnostic results of the actual state of objects as part of scheduled preventive maintenance. A method of automated assessment of fire hazard is proposed for systematic management of fire risks in many railway facilities.
Blood Circulating Exosomes Contain Distinguishable Fractions of Free and Cell-Surface-Associated Vesicles
Authors: Tamkovich Svetlana , Tutanov Oleg , Efimenko Anastasia , Grigor'eva Alina , Ryabchikova Elena , Kirushina Natalia , Vlassov Valentin , Tkachuk Vsevolod , Laktionov Pavel 
Published: March 2019

Background:Considering exosomes as intercellular transporters, inevitably interacting with the plasma membrane and the large available surface of blood cells, we wonder if a fraction of circulating exosomes is associated with the surface of blood cells.Objective:The aim of this study was to develop an efficient protocol for isolating exosomes associated with the surface of blood cells and to further investigate the characteristics of this fraction in a healthy state and during the development of breast cancer, as well as its possible implication for use in diagnostic applications.Methods:Blood samples were collected from Healthy Females (HFs) and breast cancer patients (BCPs). Exosomes extracted from blood plasma and eluted from the surface of blood cells were isolated by ultrafiltration with subsequent ultracentrifugation.Results:Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), along with immunogold labeling, demonstrated the presence of exosomes among membrane-wrapped extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from both plasma and blood cell eluates. TEM, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and NanoOrange protein quantitation data showed that cell-associated exosomes constituted no less than 2/3 of total blood exosome number. Exosomes, ranging from 50–70 nm in size, prevailed in the blood of breast cancer patients, whereas smaller exosomes (30–50 nm) were mostly observed in the blood of healthy women. Analysis of specific proteins and RNAs in exosomes circulating in blood demonstrated the significant differences in the packing density of the polymers in exosomes of HFs and BCPs. Preliminary data indicated that detection of cancer-specific miRNA (miR-103, miR-191, miR-195) in exosomes associated with the fraction of red blood cells allowed to discriminate HFs and BCPs more precisely compared to cell-free exosomes circulating in plasma.Conclusion:Our data provide the basis for using blood cell-associated exosomes for diagnostic applications.
Comprehensive Analysis of Purity and Glycosylation Status of Chinese Marketed Recombinant and Urinary FSHs
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Shen Huan , Jiang Li , Chen Shuo , Chen Ning 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Urinary or recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormones (uFSH and rhFSH) are
regularly applied in controlled ovarian stimulation procedure of assisted reproductive technology. Specific
activity and purity of these reagents are of great importance since subtle variations in the contents
and glycosylation status of FSH may result in differences in clinical efficacy and safety.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the FSH contents, glycosylation
status and non-specific protein components of the widely used rhFSH Gonal-F and two Chinese marketed
FSHs, r-FSH (JSH) and urinary-derived FSH (LSB).

Methods:
FSH contents, glycosylation status, and other protein contents in these FSH products were
assessed with benchtop assays including SDS-PAGE, HPLC and MALDI-MS.

Results:
HPLC results showed that the purity of the three products was 81.5±0.06% for Gonal-F,
79.6±0.25% for LSB and 76.5±0.36% for JSH, respectively. In addition, MALDI-MS analysis demonstrated
that the Gonal-F contained more types of glycosylated isoforms compared to the local rFSHs.
The analytical assessment showed that the urinary-derived FSH contained several other protein components.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that rhFSH Gonal-F is with high purity and potential high activity.
Simultaneous Determination of Alogliptin and Pioglitazone in Human Plasma by a Novel LC-MS/MS Method
Authors: Praveen Duddukuru Sri Sesha Sai , Asha Syed , Pigili Ravi Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Background:
A combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone is well tolerated. It does not increase
the risk of hypoglycemia. In order to study the bioavailability of aloglipitn in the presence of
pioglitazone, it is essential to have a method that can simultaneously detect both in human plasma. A
protein precipitation-based method was used to determine alogliptin and pioglitazone simultaneously in
human plasma. Protein precipitation causes ion suppression or enhancement in detection methods when
compared to other methods.

Objective:
To simultaneously quantify alogliptin and pioglitazone in human plasma by LC-MS/MS
based method.

Methods:
LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of pioglitazone and alogliptin in human
plasma using stable isotope labelled compounds internal standards. The simple and one step solid
phase extraction (SPE) was employed to extract the analytes from plasma. The extracted samples were
separated on a C18 column by using a 25:75 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium formate
as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.

Results:
The calibration curves obtained were linear (r2= 0.99) over the concentration range of 12.0-
2438.0 ng/mL for pioglitazone and 1.0-202.0 ng/mL for alogliptin. The results of the intra- and interday
precision and accuracy studies were found to be within the acceptable limits. The analytes were
stable under different stability conditions. All the validation results were found to be within the acceptable
limits. The total analytical run time was 3.0 min. There was no interference from plasma matrices.

Conclusion:
The developed method is precise and adequately sensitive for detection and quantification
of analytes. Thus, the method can be useful for bioavailability and bioequivalence (BA/BE) studies and
routine therapeutic drug monitoring with the desired precision and accuracy.
4t-CHQ a Spiro-Quinazolinone Benzenesulfonamide Derivative Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle arrest and Triggers Apoptosis Through Down-Regulation of Survivin and Bcl2 in the Leukemia Stem-Like KG1-a Cells
Authors: Rahimian Arezoo , Mahdavi Majid , Rahbarghazi Reza , Charoudeh Hojjatollah N. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:Many experiments have revealed the anti-tumor activity of spiro-quinazolinone derivatives on different cell types. Exposing KG1-a cells to N-(4- tert- butyl- 4'- oxo- 1'H- spiro [cyclohexane- 1, 2'- quinazoline]- 3'(4'H)- yl)- 4- methyl benzenesulfonamide (4t-CHQ), as an active sub-component of spiroquinazolinone benzenesulfonamides, the experiment investigated the possible mechanisms that manifest the role of 4t-CHQ in leukemic KG1-a progenitor cells. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of 4t-CHQ on KG1-a cells emerge from its modulating function on the expression of Bax/Bcl2 and survinin proteins.Methods:Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. The IC50 value of cells was calculated to be 131.3μM, after 72h-incubation with 4t-CHQ, ranging from 10 to 150μM. Apoptotic changes were studied using Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) staining. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis method. To evaluate the percentage of apoptotic cells and cell growth dynamic apoptotic features, we performed Annexin V/PI double staining assay and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry.Results:According to the results, apoptosis induction was initiated by 4t-CHQ in the KG1-a cells (at IC50 value). Cell dynamic analysis revealed that the cell cycle at the G1 phase was arrested after treatment with 4t- CHQ. Western blotting analysis showed enhancement in the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, while the expression of survinin protein decreased in a time-dependent manner in the KG1-a cells. According to the docking simulation data, the effectiveness of 4t-CHQ on KG1-a cells commenced by its reactions with the functional domain of BH3 and Bcl2 and BIR domains of survivin protein.Conclusion:These results demonstrate a remarkable role of 4t- CHQ in arresting leukemia KG1-a stem cells both by induction of apoptosis as well as by down-regulating survivin and Bcl2 proteins.