bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMBINATION THERAPY FOR MYELOFIBROSIS
Authors: Gribkova I. V. , Oleinik Yu. A. , Shalaev S. A. , Davydovskaya M. V. , Kokushkin K. A. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction.Ruxolitinib presents itself as a drug for the pathogenetic treatment of myelofibrosis (MF). New drugs have recently been developed for the treatment of MF. A search for optimal combinations of these drugs with ruxolitinib appears to be a logical approach to the development of MF therapy.Aim.To summarize data on the use of ruxolitinib in combination with various drugs approved or currently being studied in terms of their applicability for MF treatment.General findings.The review analyses data in publications retrieved from the PubMed and Elibrary.ru databases, including clinical cases, original research papers and reviews. We discuss preliminary results of clinical trials of various rational combination therapies, which have demonstrated a high efficacy for the forms of the disease untreatable with ruxolithinib monotherapy, e.g. bone marrow fibrosis and anemia. Combinations of ruxolithinib with azacytidine, panobinostat and α-interferon have shown the most promising results.
ALGORITHMS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS OF PRE-TRANSFUSION IMMUNOHEMATOLOGICAL TESTING
Authors: Pashkova I. A. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Screening and identification of anti-erythrocyte alloimmune antibodies in recipients is an important and necessary step in their testing before blood transfusion.Aim. To formulate algorithms that could facilitate the process of pre-transfusion immunohematological testing.General findings. Such a testing allows the development of post-transfusion reactions and complications to be avoided. The presence of alloantibodies of various specificities and autoantibodies in the test blood may complicate pre-transfusion testing and require the use of additional methods (adsorption, elution, etc.). The author has proposed an effective system of algorithms for conducting immunohematological studies, which can be used to identify patients at risk of developing immune post-transfusion complications and ensure an individual selection of compatible donor blood-transfusion products.
НАПРЯМКИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ГОТЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Гоцуляк Леся 
Published: October 2019

Проведений аналіз сучасного стану та перспективи розвитку комплексних закладів ресторанного господарства та наведено основні напрямки розвитку бізнесу в Україні.
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ НОВІТНІХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ КУХНІ
Authors: Цехмейструк Світлана , Семко Тетяна 
Published: October 2019

В статті розглянуто новітні технології десертних страв, важливість поживної цінності продуктів, гарного естетичного вигляду в оформленні страв. Ресторани європейської кухні використовують це прогресивне досягнення в технологіях, в школах навчання національних закладів ресторанного господарства.
A KOORDINÁCIÓ SZABÁLYOZÁSA AZ ALKALMAZÁSI MAGYAR JOGBAN
Authors: Maksurov Aleksey 
Published: October 2019

Itt láthatja a törvényt. A fentiek lehetőséget kínálnak a jogi lépések hatékonyságának javítására. Ez egy külön tanulmány. Ezt a tanulmányt sokféle jogi anyag felhasználásával végezték el. A vizsgálatot elvégezték. A koordinációs határvonalakból, valamint az együttműködés, az együttműködés és az interakció más formáiból készül.
__________
КООРДИНАЦІЙНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ В КОНСТИТУЦІЙНОМУ (ДЕРЖАВНОМУ) ПРАВІ УГОРЩИНИ
У статті розповідається про можливості координаційної регулювання в конституційному (державному) праві Угорщини. Розглядаються питання координаційних дій і операцій, досліджуються форми координаційної взаємодії. В роботі дана оцінка сучасному стану рівня координаційної доктрини угорського права. Піддані критиці недоліки координаційної регулювання в угорському праві. Вироблені рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності координації.
координація; правові технології; ефективність; юридичні дослідження; співпраця.
فاعلية استراتيجية تدريسية تستند إلى نظام D2L للتعلّم الإلكتروني في تنمية مهارتي الإحساس بالمشكلة والتعلم الذاتي لدى الطلاب المعلمين تخصص الفيزياء في جامعة المجمعة
Authors: الحربي عبد الله 
Published: October 2019

هدف البحث الحالي تحديد فاعلية استراتيجية تدريسية تستند إلى نظام D2L للتعلّم الإلكتروني في تنمية مهارتي الإحساس بالمشكلة والتعلم الذاتي لدى الطلاب المعلمين تخصص الفيزياء، وتكونت أدوات البحث من اختبار درجة امتلاك مهارات الإحساس بالمشكلة، ومقياس مهارات التعلم الذاتي، وبلغت عينة البحث 30 طالباً من الطلاب المعلمين تخصص الفيزياء، وأظهرت نتائج البحث فاعلية الاستراتيجية التدريسية في تنمية مهارتي الإحساس بالمشكلة والتعلم الذاتي، وأوصى البحث على أهمية تطوير الخطة الدراسية لبرنامج إعداد معلم الفيزياء ليتضمن مقرر تطبيقي لتدريس مهارتي الإحساس بالمشكلة والتعلم الذاتي، وأهمية التحاق الطلاب المعلمين في تخصص الفيزياء ببرامج التنمية المهنية لتطوير قدراتهم التدريسية، وتدريبهم على استخدام الوسائل التكنولوجية الحديثة بما يُعزز التنمية المهنية الذاتية لديهم.
شعريّة النّصّ الشّعريّ الرّومانتيكيّ السّوريّ الحديث نصّ «الصّورة المسحورة» للشاعر «عمر أبو قوس» أنموذجًا
Authors: محمد ربيعة , أعرج خالد 
Published: October 2019

يعدّ البحث في الشّعريّة مجالًا ثريًّا لمن يروم البحث عن سرّ الجمال في النّصّ الشّعريّ، فهل يكمن هذا السّر في إيقاع النّصّ أو في تراكيبه أو في دلالتّه أو في تضافر هذه المستويات فيما بينها؟ يهدف هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضّوء على نصّ رومانتيكيّ بغية الكشف عن شعريّته، فالشّعريّة مصطلح حظي بحظّ وافر من التّنظير النّقديّ، لكنّه على مستوى التّطبيق لايزال في حاجةٍ كبيرةٍ إلى كثيرٍ من الدّراسات التّطبيقيّة التّي تسبر أغوار النّصوص الأدبيّة لتسنبط القوانين الشّعريّة التّي منحتها صفة الأدبيّة أو الشّعريّة، لذا سيحاول البحث دراسة شعريّة نصّ رومانتيكيّ من النّتاج السّوري الحديث، والوقوف على مستوياتها الصّوتيّة والتّركيبيّة والدلاليّة، للكشف عن أبعادها الجماليّة. ويتوزّع البحث على مدخلٍ يتضمّن التّعريف بكلّ من الشّعريّة، والرّومانتيكيّة،وقسم تطبيقيّ اتّخذ من نصّ «الصّورة المسحورة» موضوعًا للعمليّة التطبيقية التّحليليّة، وملحق تضمن مدونة الشاعر وتعريف بالشّاعر «عمر أبو قوس»،.
Prophylaxis of Surgical Site Infection in Cranial Surgery with Vancomycin Powder Application into Wound
Authors: REHMAN SAMI UR , KHAN RIFFAT ULLAH , ABBAS GHAYUR , ZUBAIR USAMA BIN , KHAN KAMRAN , BHATTI SAJID NAZEER 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To see the effect of application of Vancomycin powder directly into the subgaleal space in reducing the postoperative surgical site infections.Materials and Methods: All the patients who underwent consecutive elective craniotomies from April 2017 to May 2018 Dept of Neurosurgery, szabmu, PIMS, Islamabad. The control group received the standard routine prophylaxis according to the hospital protocols, whereas the treatment group, in addition to the standard prophylaxis, received Vancomycin powder in the surgical wound in addition to the standard routine prophylaxis. Results: 182 patients were enrolled in the study, 91 allocated to each the control and treatment group (Vancomycin). Six patients were lost to follow up. There were 90 patients in the control group and 86 patients in the treatment (Vancomycin) group. Both the groups were almost statistically similar. In the control group, 34.09% (n = 60) were male and 17.04% (n = 30) were female. In the treatment group, 29.54% (n = 52) were male and 19.31% (n = 34) were female. The overall rate of surgical site infection (SSI) was 3.97% (7 out of 176 cases). A statistically significant difference found in infection rate between the treatment group, 0% (0 out of 86 cases) and the control group, 7.77% (7 out of 90 cases) with the p value of 0.002. Conclusions: The use of topical Vancomycin powder in surgical wounds may significantly reduce the incidence of infection in patients undergoing elective craniotomies. It is a promising means of preventing devastating and harmful postoperative wound infections.
Weekly Cisplatin Cycles and Outcomes for Chemoradiation in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ma Sung Jun , Zhu Simeng , Virk Jas , Koempel Andrew , Bhateja Priyanka , Gogineni Emile , Baliga Sujith , Konieczkowski David , Mitchell Darrion , Jhawar Sachin , Grecula John , Old Matthew , Rocco James , Bonomi Marcelo , Blakaj Dukagjin 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceNational Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend weekly cisplatin as an alternative concurrent systemic therapy for definitive chemoradiation in patients with head and neck cancer. However, the impact of different levels of adherence to weekly cisplatin on outcomes stratified by human papillomavirus p16 status remains unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the number of weekly cisplatin cycles and outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, observational, single-institution cohort study at The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center included patients with a diagnosis of nonmetastatic head and neck cancer between December 1, 2011, and March 30, 2020, who received chemoradiation. Data analysis was performed between March and May 2024.ExposureA total of 5, 6, or 7 to 8 weekly cisplatin cycles.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional failure (LRF), and distant failure (DF). Cox multivariable analysis was performed for variables associated with OS and PFS, and Fine-Gray multivariable analysis was performed for variables associated with LRF and DF.ResultsA total of 142 patients met the criteria (119 men [83.8%]; median [IQR] age, 59 [54-63] years). Median (IQR) follow-up was 46.8 (40.8-55.6) months. Among 92 patients with reasons for cisplatin interruption reported, the most common reason was low blood counts (42 patients [45.7%]). Those who missed weekly cisplatin cycles had worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.19-4.17; P = .01) and PFS (aHR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.06-3.15; P = .03) than those who received 7 to 8 cycles. Cancer control outcomes were comparable between these groups (LRF aHR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.15-1.93; P = .34; DF aHR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.60-3.82; P = .38). Patients with p16-negative tumors who missed weekly cisplatin cycles had worse OS (for every missing cisplatin cycle, aHR, 11.34, 1.51-84.94; P = .02) than those treated with 7 to 8 cycles. However, for those with p16-positive tumors, there were no statistically significant differences in OS between those who missed weekly cisplatin cycles vs others who received 7 to 8 cycles (aHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.47-3.14; P = .69).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with head and neck cancer who received definitive chemoradiation, those with p16-negative tumors who missed weekly cisplatin cycles had lower OS than those who received 7 to 8 cycles, although OS was comparable between these groups for p16-positive tumors. Cytopenia represented the most common reason for cisplatin interruption.
Morganellaceae
,
Erwiniaceae
,
Hafniaceae
, and Selected
Enterobacterales
Authors: Giffen Samantha R. , Alby Kevin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The reclassification of the order
Enterobacteriales
to
Enterobacterales
as well as the taxonomic shuffling of many members of the former family
Enterobacteriaceae
has increased the importance and awareness of a number of non‐
Enterobacteriaceae
families. These include commonly known families, such as
Morganellaceae
, and lesser–known families, such as
Budviciaceae
. The family
Erwiniaceae
contains many important plant‐associated pathogens.
Pantoea
species have been isolated from plants, humans, and the natural environment, although they are most commonly plant pathogens. While stand‐alone nucleic acid amplification testing is uncommon for detection of
Enterobacterales
in clinical specimens, syndromic panel testing by nucleic acid amplification has allowed for the rapid progression of clinical microbiology diagnostics. The
Morganellaceae
are the most familiar organisms for which antimicrobial susceptibility testing is routinely performed. There are several FDA‐cleared panels available for a variety of clinical presentations, including positive blood cultures, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal infections. The GenMark panel includes
Morganella morganii
and specific identification of
Proteus mirabilis
.
Aeromonas*
Authors: Lamy Brigitte 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Members of the genus
Aeromonas
are Gram‐negative facultative anaerobes that are straight, coccobacillary to bacillary cells with rounded ends.
Aeromonas
species are environmental opportunistic pathogens, involved in numerous types of diseases, including gastroenteritis and infections at a variety of extraintestinal sites, of which blood and wounds are the most common. Most clinical infections with aeromonads are related to an exposure to some type of aquatic source, whether the clinical specimen is feces or extraintestinal, and to a lesser extent to the ingestion of foods. Aeromonads survive well in specimens, and any of the widely used transport media are acceptable for transport, with Cary‐Blair generally considered to be the best for feces transportation. Whole‐genome sequencing is the reference method to identify aeromonads or to describe a novel species. Strains show a propensity to acquire resistance genes and to disseminate them to other bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of local isolates is necessary because of emerging resistance.
Burkholderia
,
Stenotrophomonas
,
Ralstonia
,
Cupriavidus
,
Pandoraea
,
Brevundimonas
,
Comamonas
,
Delftia
, and
Acidovorax
Authors: Lipuma John J. , Currie Bart J. , Baird Robert W. , Vandamme Peter A. R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Many of the bacteria discussed in this chapter formerly belonged to the genus Pseudomonas; others were described and named after the taxonomic dissection of this genus to conform to a modern phylogeny‐based taxonomy.
Burkholderia
,
Ralstonia
,
Cupriavidus
,
Pandoraea
,
Brevundimonas
,
Comamonas
,
Delftia
, and
Acidovorax
species are aerobic, non‐spore‐forming, straight or slightly curved Gram‐negative rods. Several molecular genetic methods are available to assess the relatedness of isolates of these genera during nosocomial or community outbreak investigations. Of the organisms discussed in this chapter, serologic tests have been used clinically to diagnose only infections with
B. pseudomallei
. Given the uncertainty regarding the role(s)
Delftia
,
Acidovorax
, and
Brevundimonas
play in human infection, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates from human specimens as a matter of routine may not be warranted.
Acinetobacter
,
Chryseobacterium
,
Moraxella
,
Branhamella
and Other Nonfermentative Gram‐Negative Rods
Authors: Cools Piet , Nemec Alexandr , Abeele Anne‐Marie van den , Kämpfer Peter 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the organisms which belong to a group of taxonomically and phylogenetically diverse, Gram‐negative, non‐fermentative rods and coccobacilli. Most of the organisms are found in the environment, that is, soil and water. For each group of closely related species, the chapter presents their taxonomic history, addresses the clinical importance of the species, and describes the phenotypic data that are useful to differentiate this group from other groups and to differentiate the species within this group. It discusses antibiotic susceptibility characteristics and treatment options. Decisions regarding the significance of GNF in a clinical specimen must consider the clinical condition of the patient and the source of the specimen submitted for culture. Identification of GNF may be important to document health care‐related outbreaks linked to hospital environments or medical devices.
Bordetella
and Related Genera
Authors: Kilgore Paul E. , Coenye Tom 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Bordetellae are catalase positive and oxidize amino acids, but no carbohydrates are fermented.
Achromobacter
species are Gram‐negative, nonsporulating, small bacilli.
Alcaligenes
species are Gram‐negative, strictly aerobic rods or coccobacilli that possess oxidase and catalase activity. Cells of
Kerstersia
and
Advenella
species are Gram‐negative, small, and rod‐shaped or coccoid and occur alone, in pairs, or in short chains. Motility is strain dependent. Cells from
Paenalcaligenes
species are Gram‐negative, small rods. Many
Achromobacter
species have been recovered from clinical samples or from the hospital environment. Direct fluorescent‐antibody staining (DFA) on nasopharyngeal swabs or aspirates to detect
B. pertussis
or
B. parapertussis
is rapid and simple but lacks adequate sensitivity and specificity; for this reason, DFA is not recommended.
Brucella
Authors: Araj George F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The taxonomy of the family
Brucellaceae
and its phylogenetic aspects have been an ongoing challenge over the years and are currently a matter of debate, especially as it relates to the proposed reclassification of members of the genus
Ochrobactrum
into the genus
Brucella
. Lipopolysaccharide is the major antigen that dominates the antibody response. The intracellular location and survival of the organism contribute to its virulence and pathogenesis. Clinical categories of human brucellosis are based on arbitrary criteria. Clinical microbiology laboratories may identify colonies suspected of being
Brucella spp
. on the basis of a few morphologic, biochemical, and serologic tests. Molecular assays have promising potential for diagnosis of human brucellosis in clinical practice. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy for treatment of human brucellosis reduces morbidity, prevents complications, and minimizes relapses.
Legionella
Authors: Lindsay Diane S. J. , Ricci Maria Luisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The family
Legionellaceae
is composed of a single genus,
Legionella
, and comprises 66 validly named species and three subspecies.
Legionella pneumophila
,
Legionella micdadei
,
Legionella bozemanii
, and
Legionella longbeachae
are the most important species from a clinical standpoint, with
L. pneumophila
causing more than 90% of Legionnaires' disease (LD) globally, apart from Australia and New Zealand, where
L. longbeachae
predominates. LD is a type of bacterial pneumonia caused by
L. pneumophila
and other
Legionella spp
. Identification of
Legionella spp
. in a clinical laboratory is optimally performed by observation of visual morphology, agglutination methods, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial agents regarded as effective for treatment of LD are macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and, rarely, rifampin, all achieving adequate intracellular concentrations.
Peptostreptococcus
,
Finegoldia
,
Anaerococcus
,
Peptoniphilus
,
Parvimonas
,
Murdochiella
,
Veillonella
, and Other Anaerobic Cocci
*
Authors: Veloo Alida C. M. , Johnson Crystal N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Gram‐positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) belong to the Firmicutes phylum and have been known to most bacteriologists as peptococci or peptostreptococci. The genera
Anaerococcus
,
Anaerosphaera
,
Fastidiophila
,
Finegoldia
,
Gallicola
,
Murdochiella
,
Parvimonas
,
Peptococcus
,
Peptoniphilus
, and
Peptostreptococcus
are Gram‐positive, coccobacillary or occasionally coccoid cells. The genera
Veillonella
, Acidaminococcus,
Megasphaera
,
Anaeroglobus
, and
Negativicoccus
are Gram‐negative cocci. The polymicrobial nature of GPAC infections, in addition to inadequate classification, has most likely contributed to neglect the clinical significance of individual species of GPAC. A variety of microscopic, immunologic, and molecular techniques have been developed for direct examination of GPAC. New information regarding the antimicrobial susceptibilities of individual GPAC is increasing due to the improvement in classification and identification.
Clostridium, Clostridioides
, and Other Clostridia
Authors: Kuijper Ed J. , Reubsaet Frans A. G. , Barbut Frédéric 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The genus
Clostridium
comprises obligately anaerobic (or occasionally aerotolerant), Gram‐positive rods commonly found in soil, water, and gastrointestinal tracts of insects and animals, as well as humans. Accurate, definitive identification is needed to better define the role of clostridia in disease, to aid the clinician in selecting optimal treatment, and for public health purposes (e.g., hospital‐acquired
Clostridioides difficile disease
). The isolation of a
Clostridium
species from a clinical specimen, even a blood culture, may or may not be significant clinically, and culture results should be interpreted in relation to the clinical findings for the patient. Identification of clostridia in specimens from sites of infection due to mixed organisms can be time‐consuming and expensive. Typing of
Clostridioides difficile
fosters understanding of the epidemiology of infections and has become increasingly important with the emergence of outbreaks caused by hypervirulent strains.
Leptospira
Authors: Galloway Renee L. , Gulvik Christopher A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The genus
Leptospira
comprises spiral‐shaped bacteria with hooked ends. This genus, along with the genera
Leptonema
and
Turneriella
, makes up the family
Leptospiraceae
in the order
Spirochaetales
and class
Spirochaetes
of the phylum
Spirochaetae
. Leptospires are divided into serovars defined by agglutination after cross‐absorption with homologous antigen. Leptospires are ubiquitous, either free‐living in water or wet soil, or associated with renal colonization of mammals. Knowledge of the prevalent serovars and their maintenance hosts is essential for understanding the epidemiology of the disease. The clinical presentation of leptospirosis is biphasic, with a septicemic phase lasting about a week, followed by the immune phase, characterized by antibody production and excretion of leptospires in the urine. Nucleic acid amplification tests, such as PCR, have been widely used for detection of leptospires. Leptospiral DNA has been amplified from blood, plasma, serum, urine, aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues obtained at autopsy or biopsy.
Treponema
and
Brachyspira
Authors: Seña Arlene C. , Pillay Allan , Radolf Justin D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Spirochetal phylotypes identified in the human mouth belong exclusively to the genus
Treponema
.
Brachyspira
spp. are oxygen‐tolerant anaerobes differentiated by phenotypic growth characteristics and degree of beta‐hemolysis. The epidemiologic importance of
Treponema denticola
and other oral treponemes arises to a great extent from their occurrence as members of the polymicrobial consortium that causes gingivitis and periodontitis. Two Brachyspira species,
Brachyspira aalborgi
and
Brachyspira pilosicoli
, have been associated definitively with human intestinal spirochetosis. The method used for direct detection of
Treponema pallidum
depends upon the stage of disease, the clinical presentation, and the type of specimen obtained.
T. pallidum
can be detected in lesion exudate by darkfield microscopy or nucleic acid amplification tests. Most infants with congenital syphilis are asymptomatic at birth. Serologic tests play an important role in syphilis diagnosis by supplementing direct detection methods for early syphilitic lesions, for diagnosing latent infection, and confirming suspected tertiary disease.
Chlamydia
Authors: Greub Gilbert , Munson Erik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the important human pathogens within the genus
Chlamydia
, as well as on
Parachlamydia acanthamoebae
,
Waddlia chondrophila
, and
Simkania negevensis
, for which evidence gathered over the past 20 years supports possible pathogenicity in humans. The taxonomy of
Chlamydiales
is rapidly evolving and progressively moving from a purely phenotypic taxonomy to a polyphasic taxonomy combining phenotypic, molecular, and phylogenetic characteristics.
Chlamydia
,
Parachlamydia
,
Waddlia
, and
Simkania
all present biphasic developmental stages with elementary body and reticulate body formation.
Chlamydia trachomatis
is the most common bacterial agent of sexually transmitted infection in the world.
Chlamydia psittaci
causes a wide variety of clinical conditions in humans, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe, even fatal pneumonia and systemic infections. For
Chlamydia trachomatis
, one effective method for identification of the organism in cell culture is to stain the monolayers with species‐specific fluorescein‐conjugated monoclonal antibodies.