bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Waste Denim Fibre (WDF) on the physical and rheological properties of bitumen
Authors: Al-Sabaeei A , Napiah M , Sutanto M , Alaloul W 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
About 15% of the denim jeans are waste materials during the cutting processing in the manufacturing. That is considering a huge waste need to be managed and recycled in a sustainable manner. In this research, waste denim fibre modified binders were prepared at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% concentration of waste denim fibre by weight of bitumen. Effects of waste denim fibre on physical and rheological properties of bitumen were investigated by conducting penetration, softening point, ductility, temperature susceptibility, complex modulus, phase angle and permanent deformation parameters evaluations. Results show that the addition of waste denim fibre reduces the penetration, ductility and temperature susceptibility and increases the softening point of bitumen, which indicating improved permanent deformation resistance of bitumen. Based on dynamic shear rheometer analysis, it was found that, waste denim fibre improved the rheological properties of bitumen from a temperature range of 40°C to 70°C. Furthermore, rutting parameter evaluation indicated that denim fibre modified bitumen has high resistance to rutting due to the enhancement of its elastic behaviour with increased of denim fibre content in the modified binder. It was also noted that 2% WDF is the optimum content for improving the rutting resistance of base bitumen.
Thermal properties of cool asphalt concrete containing phase change material
Authors: Mizwar I K , Napiah M , Sutanto M H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Building and pavement, due to their impervious nature, are listed as some of the main causes for Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena where the temperature in the urban area is higher than that of surrounding areas. Due to its characteristic that can absorb and release heat at a specific temperature, Phase Change Materials (PCM) has been widely used in building infrastructure as thermal regulation to combat UHI. However, the application of PCM in pavement infrastructure is still very limited due to a lack of study on this. This study analyses the Phase Change Material in asphalt concrete focussing on thermal properties, which is surface temperature. Experiments were carried out on a slab of wearing course with the PCM substituting the equivalent amount of mineral filler, and then compared with a slab of conventional wearing course. The study showed that the potential of PCM used in pavement mixture decreased the surface temperature of the pavement. The maximum difference of temperature of PCM and asphalt concrete mixture reached 120C.
Effect of different rejuvenating agents on the mechanical performance of recycled bituminous mixture
Authors: Idham M K , Jeffry S N A , Hainin M R , Yaacob H , Hassan N A , Warid M N M , Mohamed A , Yunus N Z M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a waste material generated from pavement milling activity. Rejuvenating agent is introduced to restore the properties of aging bitumen in RAP. Many studies have been investigated the performance of recycled mixture incorporating RAP with oil-based (OB) rejuvenating agent, but there is still limited research on water-based (WB) rejuvenating agent. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of mixture incorporating RAP with OB and WB rejuvenating agents (RAP-OB and RAP-WB). OB and WB rejuvenating agents were added at recommended content of 0.70% and 52.13% by weight of bitumen, respectively. Indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus, dynamic creep and asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) tests were conducted to assess the resistance of the mixtures toward permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. It was found that the addition of OB rejuvenating agent enhanced the tensile strength, resilient and stiffness modulus by approximately 41%, 94% and 158%, respectively, relative to the control mixture. APA recorded that RAP-OB produced the lowest rut depth, followed by RAP-WB and control mixture. It indicates that RAP-OB produced the highest resistance to permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. Thus, the OB rejuvenating agent significantly improved the performance of the recycled mixture compared to the WB rejuvenating agent.
Effects of u-shaped subgrade concrete panel on subgrade deformation
Authors: Kamarudin N. A. S. , Mohamed A. , Nor H. M. , Khalid N. H. A. , Sam A. R. M. , Hainin M. R. , Yaacob H. , Idham M. K. , Hassan S. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
California Bearing Ratio of subgrade lesser than 5% requires a treatment work either by stabilisation or strengthening method. In this study, the latter concept was chosen for the application of U-shaped Subgrade Concrete Panel as it is a method that has less disturbance to the native soil. As the name suggested, this U-shaped Subgrade Concrete Panel is a precast U-shaped concrete panel to be installed into the subgrade soil in an inverted direction. It is divided into two sections; the horizontal panel and vertical webs beneath the panel. Hence, the objective of this paper is to present the effect of applying the U-shaped Subgrade Concrete Panel into subgrade soil with a CBR value of less than 3%. There are 3 sizes of control panel used; square panel with dimension of 150 mm x 150 mm x 50 mm, 300 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm, and 600 mm x 600 mm x 70 mm, and 6 types of U-shaped Subgrade Concrete Panel; square area of 150 mm x 150 mm, 300 mm x 300 mm, and 600 mm x 600 mm. While the depth of the U-shaped Subgrade Concrete Panel varies from 100 mm, 125 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 270 mm, and 370 mm. The static load test was applied to centre, edge, and corner point of the panel, as to study the interlocking effect when it is subjected to a localised load. As the study was conducted in the laboratory, the condition of the subgrade soil fully controlled by monitoring the moisture content and the density of the soil in the test box. Settlement of the subgrade soil after compactions was observed and recorded as part of the initial conditions before the static load test was applied to the panel. After the compaction of the subgrade, it shows that a longer web section had caused lesser settlement compared to the control panel, indicating better resistance towards lateral movement under the U-shaped Subgrade Concrete Panel.
Driving behaviour among civil engineering students: a case study at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Authors: Nasir M. A. A. M. , Mashros N. , Muslim N. H. H. , Mohd N. I. , Hassan N. A. , Rohani M. M. , Yunus N. Z. M. , Sukor N. S. A. , Jusoh S. N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) is the most popular self-report driving assessment tool globally for assessing crash risk and aberrant driving behaviours among motorists. Therefore, this study reports on the utilisation of the DBQ to examine the self-reported driving behaviours (and crash outcomes) of a sample of university students. Questionnaires which contains demographic questions and 36 items measuring driving behaviour (including driving distractions, violations, errors and lapses) in traffic were distributed manually to participants. The findings show that distractions factor is most frequently reported items among all of the respondents (M = 4.11). Besides, there are also significant association among the demographic factors such as ‘driving experience’ and ‘vehicle type’ with gender of respondents. Meanwhile, there is no significant association between ‘accident involvement’ with gender of respondents. In terms of driving behaviour comparison, the behaviour among male drivers is significantly different compared to female drivers in all the scores and the constructs ‘violations’, ‘errors and ‘lapses’ except for the construct ‘distractions’. Meanwhile, there is no significant difference between drivers who have and have not possessed valid driving license in all driving behaviour.
The maintenance for present infrastructures in southern part of Japan
Authors: Fukumoto M. , Kokubu H. , Sueyoshi T. , Tsutsumi T. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In general, governments used to increase the number of public works for their economic recovery. In United State, huge number of bridges, roads and tunnels were constructed in 1920’s. The lifetime of infrastructures is regarded as fifty years in general. In addition, the budget for maintenance of infrastructure had been decreased from the latter half of 1960s to 1970s. Therefore, most of these infrastructures were decayed in 1980’s and this period is called as ‘America in Ruins’. In Japan, enough number of power generators were required to launch heavy industries after World War II. To export these products, ports and highways were constructed. Furthermore, the bullet train ‘Shinkansen’ and urban expressways in Tokyo were constructed for Olympic game held in 1964. In 2010’s, most of these infrastructures seem to reach their life time. However, government doesn’t have enough budget for renovations. Therefore, new standards and technologies for repair and inspections are being required. Nowadays, huge number of infrastructures are under construction in Malaysia. Similar issues of United States or Japan may be occurred in this fifty years. In this paper, recent policy of government and new technologies including methods and equipment for maintenance of infrastructures in southern part of Japan are shown.
Bridge monitoring and management system using GIS
Authors: Ibrahim N. , Yunus M. Z. M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this modern world, the use of computer technology in most of the parts of life are necessary especially in engineering scopes. With an advanced technology system, engineers are able to solve the problems encountered from the unexpected situations with an effective ways. Bridge monitoring and management system encompasses the important aspects to be taken in its lifecycle and life span of the bridge. Effective and practicability of system developed allow bridge practitioners to collect, process, analyses, visualize and presented the database information through a moderate medium of delivery among the users. GIS acts as a tools for a bridge practitioners to provide spatial solutions for a problems encountered in spatial data handling for a bridge. This paper discussed about the GIS approach in the monitoring and management system for a bridge structure.
Calibration of microsimulation model for tight urban diamond interchange under heterogeneous traffic
Authors: Azam M. , Puan O. C. , Hassan S. A. , Mashros N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Traffic simulation models have been widely used to evaluate design alternatives and to help decision-makers to select best design option for prevailing traffic conditions. This study focuses on application of microsimulation model to the performance assessment of Tight Urban Diamond Interchange (TUDI) located in a congested urban setting with population more than 9 million and current transport demand up to 13.5 million daily motorized trips. Geometric and operational data was collected by conducting multiple site visits. Traffic volume data showed the heterogeneous nature of traffic. Microsimulation model; VISSIM was applied and appropriateness of this model and the proposed methodology was assessed based on maximum queue length as Measure of Effectiveness (MOE). Calibration of model was done in two stages: system calibration and operational calibration. System calibration was done by reflecting the actual geometric and control conditions in model. While operational calibration was done by conducting Sensitivity Analysis (SA). MOE values from calibrated model were compared with the field values of maximum queue length. This study revealed that SA helps in selecting the most appropriate parameters and their values. Results from VISSIM show the cumulative difference of 32 % from the field observed values.
Development of parking estimation on rest service area in Malaysia
Authors: Ramli I. , Hainin M. R. , Hassan S. A. , Naqibah S. N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Roadside rest area also known as rest service area (RSA) is one of the important facilities for expressway users. However, designing an efficient RSA is a challenge to most transport planners since it needs the information on potential and existing traffic volumes to estimate the parking demand and design of rest area facilities are also critical. Planning for these facilities is crucial in order to avoid over-design or under design which will affect the cost in the future for capacity issues. Therefore, this study is to determine the parking occupancy and develop parking estimation on RSA. The study was conducted on 10 sites of RSA along E1 and E2 expressway (Southern-Northern Expressway). The data collection for this study was conducted during the mid-week. Simple count observation and indirect method were used to determine the parking occupancy and traffic characteristics on RSA. The results show the peaking characteristics of space occupied, whereas the highest demand exhibited was during the midday period. The estimation model was found that traffic and site characteristics can be explained to estimate parking occupancy on RSA. The estimation result seems to be applicable.
Effects of interphase boundary anisotropy on the three-phase growth dynamics in the β(In) – In2Bi – γ(Sn) ternary-eutectic system
Authors: Mohagheghi S , Hecht U , Bottin-Rousseau S , Akamatsu S , Faivre G , Şerefoğlu M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present an experimental investigation on the effects of the interphase energy anisotropy on the formation of three-phase growth microstructures during directional solidification (DS) of the β(In)–In2Bi–γ(Sn) ternary-eutectic system. Standard DS and rotating directional solidification (RDS) experiments were performed using thin alloy samples with real-time observation. We identified two main types of eutectic grains (EGs): (i) quasi-isotropic EGs within which the solidification dynamics do not exhibit any substantial anisotropy effect, and (ii) anisotropic EGs, within which RDS microstructures exhibit an alternation of locked and unlocked microstructures. EBSD analyses revealed (i) a strong tendency to an alignment of the In2Bi and γ(Sn) crystals (both hexagonal) with respect to the thin-sample walls, and (ii) the existence of special crystal orientation relationships (ORs) between the three solid phases in both quasi-isotropic and anisotropic EGs. We initiate a discussion on the dominating locking effect of the In2Bi–β(In) interphase boundary during quasi steady-state solidification, and the existence of strong crystal selection mechanisms during early nucleation and growth stages.
Investigation using 4D-CT of massive-like transformation from the δ to γ phase during and after δ-solidification in carbon steels
Authors: Yasuda Hideyuki , Hashimoto Takahiro , Sei Naoki , Morishita Kohei , Yoshiya Masato 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
For a long time, the γ phase in metallic alloys has seemed to be produced through a peritectic reaction between the δ and liquid phases. However, direct observations have shown that a massive-like transformation, in which the δ phase transforms into the γ phase in the solid state, is dominant during or after solidification of the δ phase in carbon steels. To characterize such massive-like transformation, we use time-resolved tomography (4D-CT) to demonstrate the volume change during cooling from the melt and the crystallographic orientation relationship between the δ and γ phases. The volume changes from solidification and from the massive-like transformation from the δ to the γ phase were −3% and −0.5%, respectively. The transformation from the δ to the γ phase finished quickly, as demonstrated by the volume change. Fine γ grains were produced even in a single δ grain through the massive-like transformation. Also, the refined γ grains showed a wide crystallographic distribution.
Numerical modelling of infiltration of Al into additive manufactured Fe preforms in order to obtain Fe-Al intermetallics
Authors: Berger R. , Jana S. , Focks N. , Michels H. , Kochanek W. , Charitidis C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The current work, describes a numerical methodology to obtain deeper understanding of the kinetics of solidification and the dynamics of Al melt infiltration into porous iron preforms, in order to develop a near net shape process for a new class of highly advanced ductile and fine grained Fe-Al intermetallic. Investigations on macroscale simulations revealed that certain pressure and wetting conditions are beneficial for infiltration into finer structures. Microstructure showed a dependency of the solidification process on diffusion. Estimates for infiltration and solidification times are developed to determine which structures can be infiltrated before solidification stops melt flow.
Capillary-mediated solid-liquid energy fields: their detection with phase-field method
Authors: Glicksman M , Ankit K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Observations of melting crystallites in microgravity showed unusual shape changes as melting proceeded toward extinction. When re-analyzed in 2011, shape evolution data showed needle-like crystallites becoming spheroids as they melted toward extinction, suggesting that some type of capillary phenomenon at solid-liquid interfaces was responsible for an energy release capable of spherodising particles on melting, and stimulating pattern formation during unstable crystal growth. The presence of these previously undetected energy fields was recently uncovered using phase-field simulations that employ an entropy density functional. Simulations allow measurement of interfacial energy distributions on equilibrated solid-liquid interfaces configured as stationary grain boundary grooves (GBGs). Interfacial energy source fields—related to gradients in the Gibbs-Thomson temperature—entail persistent cooling along GBG profiles, a new result that fully confirms earlier predictions based on sharp-interface thermodynamics. This study also provides new insights to improve microstructure control at reduced scales by explaining the thermodynamic fields responsible for pattern formation in castings.
Three-dimensional mesoscopic modeling of equiaxed dendritic solidification in a thin sample: effect of convection flow
Authors: Olmedilla A. , Založnik M. , Cisternas Fernández M. , Viardin A. , Combeau H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A 3D mesoscopic envelope model is used to numerically simulate the experimental X-ray observations of the equiaxed dendritic isothermal solidification of a thin sample of Al-20 wt%Cu alloy including the natural convection flow. Several four-grain simulations are run to investigate the effect of the convection, of the grain position, and of the grain rotation on the tip growth kinetics of one of the grains. We show that the effect of convection flow – consequence of the presence of gravity parallel to the sample thickness direction, z – on the growth kinetics of the reference grain depends significantly on the position of the grain along the sample thickness.
Influence of minor additions on Icosahedral Short-Range Order (ISRO) and its consequences on nucleation and solidification growth kinetics in fcc alloys
Authors: Zollinger J. , Rappaz M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The present contribution reviews the recent progress related to the influence of Icosahedral Short-Range Order (ISRO) and icosahedral Quasicrystals (i-QC) formation on the solidification of fcc alloys through minor solute element additions. From intensive crystallographic analysis of multi-twinned regions in as-cast Al-based and Au-based fcc alloys, Kurtuldu et al. have shown recently that a so-called “iQC-mediated” nucleation mechanism occurs when a few hundred ppm of Cr and Ir, respectively, are added to the melt [1] [2]. Similarly, it appears that the growth directions of dendrites in Al-Zn:Cr is also influenced by ISRO in the liquid, thus showing an attachment kinetics effect [3]. In a recent contribution, we have shown that iQC-mediated nucleation also occurs in pink gold alloys with Ir-additions, but two additional phenomena at high solidification speed [4]: (i) a spinodal-type decomposition of the liquid, leading to the formation of twinned Cu precipitates in addition to multi-twinned Au-rich grains; (ii) a change of the microstructure of the Au-rich grains, from 〈100〉 dendrites to 〈111〉 textured cells in the columnar zone.
Grain refinements of magnesium alloys inoculated by additions of external SiC particles
Authors: Huang Yuanding , Gu Jian , You Sihang , Ulrich Kainer Karl , Hort Norbert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A homogeneous microstructure of as-cast magnesium alloys is desired to improve the formability during their subsequent thermomechanical processing. Owing to its similar crystal structure to Mg, the part of Zr formed by peritectic reaction during solidification was considered to be the most effective nucleants for alpha-Mg. However, regarding the Al-containing magnesium alloys, up to now no suitable and effective external nucleants were found for them. Recently, it was demonstrated that the additions of SiC worked in refining both the Mg-Al and Mg-Zn alloys. The SiC particles acted as nucleants in magnesium alloys are attracting more attentions. The present work investigated and compared the effects of external SiC particle additions on the grain refinements of Mg-Al and Al-free Mg-Zn (Mn) alloys. Their microstructures were characterized using XRD, SEM and TEM. It was found that the additions of SiC particles could refine the grains of both Mg-Al and Mg-Zn alloys. The SiC particles cannot act as a direct heterogeneous nucleant for the nucleation of alpha-Mg in both Mg-Al and Mg-Zn (Mn) alloys. The responsible mechanisms for their grain refinements are different. Regarding for Mg-Al alloys, the grain refinement caused by the addition of SiC particles is attributed to the formation of a ternary intermetallics Al2MgC2, which has a very similar crystal structure to that of Mg. As for Mg-Zn (Mn) alloys, the grain refinement is attributed to the formation of a (Mn, Si)-enriched intermetallics by the interactions between SiC and impurity Mn in alloys.