bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic reconstitution of neonatal immunocompetent mice to study conditions with a perinatal window of susceptibility
Authors: Laky Karen , Dugan Philip , Frischmeyer-Guerrerio Pamela A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEfficient hematopoietic reconstitution of wild type mice requires preconditioning. Established experimental protocols exist to transplant hematopoietic stem cells into lethally irradiated or chemically myeloablated adult mice or unirradiated immunodeficient mice. We sought to develop a protocol to reconstitute immuno-replete neonatal mice. We describe irradiation and injection procedures for two-day old mice that lead to efficient long-term reconstitution of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. We demonstrate that the frequencies of lymphoid and myeloid cells in primary and secondary lymphoid organs are indistinguishable from unirradiated uninjected sex- and age-matched control animals by 5 weeks post-reconstitution. Thus, this system will facilitate studies aimed at understanding the developmental and environmental mechanisms that contribute to conditions that have a window of susceptibility during the perinatal period.
Retrograde Transport by Clathrin-Coated Vesicles is Involved in Intracellular Transport of PrPSc in Persistently Prion-Infected Cells
Authors: Yamasaki Takeshi , Suzuki Akio , Hasebe Rie , Horiuchi Motohiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntracellular dynamics of an abnormal isoform of prion protein (PrPSc) are tightly associated with prion propagation. However, the machineries involved in the intracellular trafficking of PrPSc are not fully understood. Our previous study suggested that PrPSc in persistently prion-infected cells dynamically circulates between endocytic-recycling compartments (ERCs) and peripheral regions of the cells. To investigate these machineries, we focused on retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network, which is one of the pathways involved in recycling of molecules. PrPSc was co-localized with components of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) as well as those of the retromer complex, which are known as machineries for retrograde transport. Fractionation of intracellular compartments by density gradient centrifugation showed the presence of PrPSc and the components of CCVs in the same fractions. Furthermore, PrPSc was detected in CCVs isolated from intracellular compartments of prion-infected cells. Knockdown of clathrin interactor 1, which is one of the clathrin adaptor proteins involved in retrograde transport, did not change the amount of PrPSc, but it altered the distribution of PrPSc from ERCs to peripheral regions, including late endosomes/lysosomes. These data demonstrated that some PrPSc is transported from endosomes to ERCs by CCVs, which might be involved in the recycling of PrPSc.
An essential role for the nuclear protein Akirin2 in mouse limb interdigital tissue regression
Authors: Bosch Peter J. , Fuller Leah C. , Weiner Joshua A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe regulation of interdigital tissue regression requires the interplay of multiple spatiotemporally-controlled morphogen gradients to ensure proper limb formation and release of individual digits. Disruption to this process can lead to a number of limb abnormalities, including syndactyly. Akirins are highly conserved nuclear proteins that are known to interact with chromatin remodelling machinery at gene enhancers. In mammals, the analogue Akirin2 is essential for embryonic development and critical for a wide variety of roles in immune function, meiosis, myogenesis and brain development. Here we report a critical role for Akirin2 in the regulation of interdigital tissue regression in the mouse limb. Knockout of Akirin2 in limb epithelium leads to a loss of interdigital cell death and an increase in cell proliferation, resulting in retention of the interdigital web and soft-tissue syndactyly. This is associated with perdurance of Fgf8 expression in the ectoderm overlying the interdigital space. Our study supports a mechanism whereby Akirin2 is required for the downregulation of Fgf8 from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) during limb development, and implies its requirement in signalling between interdigital mesenchymal cells and the AER.
Effect of MBOAT7 variant on hepatitis B and C infections in Moroccan patients
Authors: Ezzikouri Sayeh , Elfihry Raouia , Chihab Hajar , Elmessaoudi-Idrissi Mohcine , Zaidane Imane , Jadid Fatima Zahra , Karami Adnane , Tahiri Mohamed , Elhabazi Abdellah , Kabine Mostafa , Chair Mohammed , Pineau Pascal , Benjelloun Soumaya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe outcomes of HBV and HCV infections are associated both with viral and host genetic factors. Here, we explore the role of a genetic variation located in membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing protein 7 (MBOAT7) gene on spontaneous clearance of HBV and HCV infections and on liver fibrosis. We genotyped MBOAT7 rs641738 polymorphism in 971 consecutive Moroccan subjects, including 288 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 98 cases with spontaneous clearance of HCV, 268 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 126 spontaneously cleared HBV infections and 191 healthy controls. MBOAT7 rs641738 variant is not associated with spontaneous clearance of HBV (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.39–1.14; p = 0.131) and HCV infections (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.79–2.23; p = 0.278). Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for biologically relevant covariates and potential confounders associated with the risk of liver disease progression revealed that MBOAT7 rs641738 is not associated either with fibrosis progression in CHC group (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.55–2.28; p = 0.761) or with chronic progressive state in CHB patients (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.41–1.61; p = 0.547). We conclude that the variant MBOAT7 rs641738 genotype is not associated with spontaneous clearance of HBV and HCV infections or with the progression of liver disease in chronic hepatitis B or C in a genetic context of Mediterranean patients.
Investigating the role of landscape composition on honey bee colony winter mortality: A long-term analysis
Authors: Kuchling Sabrina , Kopacka Ian , Kalcher-Sommersguter Elfriede , Schwarz Michael , Crailsheim Karl , Brodschneider Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe health of honey bee colonies is, amongst others, affected by the amount, quality and diversity of available melliferous plants. Since landscape is highly diverse throughout Austria regarding the availability of nutritional resources, we used data from annual surveys on honey bee colony losses ranging over six years to analyse a possible relationship with land use. The data set comprises reports from a total of 6,655 beekeepers and 129,428 wintered honey bee colonies. Regions surrounding the beekeeping operations were assigned to one of six clusters according to their composition of land use categories by use of a hierarchical cluster analysis, allowing a rough distinction between urban regions, regions predominated by semi-natural areas and pastures, and mainly agricultural environments. We ran a Generalised Linear Mixed Model and found winter colony mortality significantly affected by operation size, year, and cluster membership, but also by the interaction of year and cluster membership. Honey bee colonies in regions composed predominantly of semi-natural areas, coniferous forests and pastures had the lowest loss probability in four out of six years, and loss probabilities within these regions were significantly lower in five out of six years compared to those within regions composed predominantly of artificial surfaces, broad-leaved and coniferous forest.
Evolutionary history of plant hosts and fungal symbionts predicts the strength of mycorrhizal mutualism
Authors: Hoeksema Jason D. , Bever James D. , Chakraborty Sounak , Chaudhary V. Bala , Gardes Monique , Gehring Catherine A. , Hart Miranda M. , Housworth Elizabeth Ann , Kaonongbua Wittaya , Klironomos John N. , Lajeunesse Marc J. , Meadow James , Milligan Brook G. , Piculell Bridget J. , Pringle Anne , Rúa Megan A. , Umbanhowar James , Viechtbauer Wolfgang , Wang Yen-Wen , Wilson Gail W. T. , Zee Peter C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMost plants engage in symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi in soils and net consequences for plants vary widely from mutualism to parasitism. However, we lack a synthetic understanding of the evolutionary and ecological forces driving such variation for this or any other nutritional symbiosis. We used meta-analysis across 646 combinations of plants and fungi to show that evolutionary history explains substantially more variation in plant responses to mycorrhizal fungi than the ecological factors included in this study, such as nutrient fertilization and additional microbes. Evolutionary history also has a different influence on outcomes of ectomycorrhizal versus arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses; the former are best explained by the multiple evolutionary origins of ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in plants, while the latter are best explained by recent diversification in plants; both are also explained by evolution of specificity between plants and fungi. These results provide the foundation for a synthetic framework to predict the outcomes of nutritional mutualisms.
Green synthesis, characterisation, and photocatalytic activity of manganese dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hoseinpour Vahid , Souri Mahsa , Ghaemi Nasser 
Published: August 2018

In this work, a simple, efficient and eco‐friendly procedure for the green synthesis of manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) by Yucca gloriosa leaf extract is described. The MnO2 NPs were synthesised using Y. gloriosa leaf extract and curcumin as reducing and stabilising agents, respectively. Fourier‐transform infrared spectra revealed the involvement of the plant extract in the formation of MnO2 NPs. The ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra of the synthesised MnO2 NPs exhibited absorption peaks at 410 nm, which were attributed to the band gap of the MnO2 NPs. Crystal phase identification of the MnO2 NPs was characterised by X‐ray diffraction analysis and the formation of crystalline MnO2 NPs has been confirmed. Also, the X‐ray diffraction pattern displayed that the average size of MnO2 NPs was about 80 nm. Furthermore, field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the synthesised MnO2 NPs have a spherical shape. MnO2 NPs have photocatalytic activities for the dye degradation in the visible light region. The photocatalytic activities for the dye degradation of MnO2 NPs were evaluated using Acid Orange as an organic contaminant.
Frakturen der Halswirbelsäule bei ankylosierender Spondylitis und diffuser idiopathischer skeletaler Hyperostose
Authors: Vordemvenne Thomas 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungFrakturen der Halswirbelsäule bei ankylosierender Spondyilitis oder DISH stellen eine Herausforderung für das perioperative Management dar. Es handelt sich beinahe ausnahmslos um biomechanisch instabile Läsionen des AO-Typs B und C, die gerade infolge von Bagatelltraumen entstehen können. Neurologische Symptome wie auch Verletzungen der hirnversorgenden Gefäße sind häufig. Eine konsequente Schichtbilddiagnostik der gesamten Wirbelsäule gehört zum Goldstandard, um synchrone Verletzungen nicht zu übersehen. Das Patientengut ist per se von einer erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität gekennzeichnet. So liegt das Prinzip in der konsequenten operativen Stabilisierung, Dekompression und Schaffung einer frühen Rehabilitationsfähigkeit des Patienten. Dies kann durch eine primär dorsale Instrumentierung möglich werden. Eine anteriore Gegenstabilisierung ist im Falle eines ventralen Defektzustandes in Einzelfällen nötig. Bei der DISH ist bei anterioren Fusionsoperationen auf die konsequente Reduktion der ossären Spangen zu achten, um postoperative Dysphagien zu verhindern.
Harnessing the roar of the crowd
Authors: Ellefsen Ugo , Bernal-Merino Miguel Á. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Through quantitative data analysis, this study explores the attitudes of gamers from different French-speaking locales (Belgium, France, Canada, and Switzerland) in relation to their language preference and opinions of translated material while playing video games. The intended goal is to develop a replicable methodology for data collection about the linguistic preferences of video game players. The research strategy is based on online questionnaires distributed to gamers through social media. The results highlight players’ level of satisfaction regarding the localisation of games and suggest that industry strategies put forward till recently may be rather inadequate. Linguistic preferences seem to vary within locales based on factors such as English language proficiency and personal background. The results of this research may serve the implementation of new localisation strategies for video game products in French-speaking countries of emerging markets or other multinational languages.
The combination of discourse markers in spontaneous conversations
Authors: Pons Bordería Salvador 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper attempts to establish some basis for the combination of discourse markers in conversations. The analysis presented here will be based on Spanish spontaneous conversations and will make use of the Val.Es.Co model of discourse units developed in the last ten years (Briz et al. 2003;Grupo Val.Es.Co 2014) and a corpus of spontaneous conversations. As a result, patterns of combination of DMs will be established; some types of combinations will be described, and a distinction will be drawn betweenlexicalizationof DMs,adjacencyof DMs in two neighboring discourse units, andcombinationproper. In addition, some places are favored for the combination of discourse markers: the initial positions of the discourse unitsactandintervention. Binary combinations are preferred to ternary or 4-ary combinations. Finally, DMs with textual functions are preferred in the combinations studied when compared to modal or interpersonal DMs.
Ethical tensions in regulation of agricultural biotechnology and their impact on policy outcomes: evidence from the USA and India.
Authors: Kolady D. E. , Srivastava S. K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter uses the USA and India as case examples to analyse how ethical tensions arise related to agricultural biotechnology policy and how institutional framework and domestic politics address these ethical tensions and contribute to divergence in regulatory policy outcomes. It is shown, for example, that because the US regulatory system is relatively centralized (operating through three main federal regulatory agencies), and because it provides a mechanism for public comment, the system is less susceptible to external political influence than the system in India, which consists of a complicated hierarchical structure with statutory bodies at state and federal levels and provides little opportunity for public comments. Hence, regulatory decision making in the USA is effective and predictable, at least compared with the system in India, which is complex and uncertain. However, the centralized regulatory approach in the USA creates a unique ethical tension that is less evident in India. While social and economic concerns can be raised in regulatory decision making in the USA, they rarely make their way into final rules, which largely reflect risk-based concerns about potential harm to human health and the environment. In contrast, social justice concerns can become dominant in the policy discourse and influence the regulatory outcomes in India.
Evolution of stratification in high-alloy content InGaN epilayers grown on (0001) AlN
Authors: Dimitrakopulos G. P. , Bazioti C. , Papadomanolaki E. , Filintoglou K. , Katsikini M. , Arvanitidis J. , Iliopoulos E. 
Published: August 2018

The structural properties of In xGa1− xN epilayers, deposited on (0001) AlN templates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, were studied by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, as a function of growth temperature. Single phase films with high indium content and well-ordered heteroepitaxial interfaces were attained at lower temperatures. Delayed plastic relaxation resulted in the structural stratification of high-temperature films due to the compositional pulling. Such films relaxed by a stacking fault mechanism, contrary to low temperature ones that exhibited relaxation by misfit dislocations. Despite the higher defect content of the former, their phonon mean free path was also higher, showing that alloying-induced fluctuations of the periodic potential constitute a more critical parameter. Cubic interfacial zones were suppressed at lower growth temperatures. This is part of a thematic issue on Nanoscale Materials Characterisation and Modeling by Advances Microscopy Methods - EUROMAT.
Identifying the inserted locus of randomly integrated expression plasmids by whole-genome sequencing of Aspergillus strains
Authors: Takeda Aya K , Udagawa Hiroaki , Uemura Yasuo , Takagi Shinobu 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on two Aspergillus oryzae strains used for the manufacturing of food enzymes, Acrylaway® and Shearzyme®, with the aim of identifying the inserted locus of randomly integrated expression plasmid and obtaining flanking sequences for safety assessment. Illumina paired-end sequencing was employed, and the obtained reads were mapped to two references: the public genome sequence of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 and the in-house sequence of the used expression plasmid. Introducing the concept of linking-reads, one locus for each was successfully identified as the integrated site. In the case of Acrylaway®, the obtained sequences suggested that the expression plasmid had been integrated as multiple copies in tandem form. In the case of Shearzyme®, however, information on one edge of the insert was missing, which required extra polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning for safety assessment. A 4-kb deletion was detected at the integrated site. There was also evidence of rearrangement occurring in Shearzyme® strain.
Visual Biases in Decision Making
Authors: Orquin Jacob L , Perkovic Sonja , Grunert Klaus G 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe review research on eye movements in decision making and show that decision makers are subject to several visual biases such as the size, salience, position, emotional valence, predictability, and number of information elements. These biases lead decision makers to allocate their attention in ways that are arbitrary to their goals and sometimes bias their choices. We show that while some visual biases can be minimized, others are unavoidable. Consequently, it is impossible to present information in a completely neutral way. Any presentation format will bias decision makers to attend or ignore different information and thereby influence their choices.
Self-compassionate Aging: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brown Lydia , Huffman Jeff C , Bryant Christina 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives
There is considerable heterogeneity in experiences of aging, with some experiencing greater well-being and adapting more successfully to the challenges of aging than others. Self-compassion is a modifiable psychological skill that might help explain individual differences in well-being and adjustment in later life. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on self-compassion and well-being outcomes in studies of older adults aged 65 and older.

Research Design and Methods
This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, using databases PsycINFO, Medline, and Embase. The search term self-compassion was paired with terms relating to well-being, psychological symptoms, and adjustment. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize results on the relationship between self-compassion and four outcomes including depression, anxiety, hedonic well-being, and eudaimonic well-being.

Results
Eleven studies met inclusion criteria for this review. Meta-analysis revealed that self-compassion was associated with lower levels of depression (r = −.58, 95% CI [−.66, −.48]) and anxiety (r = −.36, 95% CI [−.60, −.07]), and higher levels of hedonic (r = .41, 95% CI [.15, .62]) and eudaimonic (r = .49, 95% CI [.41, .57]) well-being. Further, three studies found self-compassion weakened the impact of physical symptoms on well-being outcomes.

Discussion and Implications
We found preliminary evidence that self-compassion is associated with well-being outcomes in older adults, and that self-compassion may buffer the psychological sequelae of health symptoms in later life. Higher quality studies with uniform outcome measures are needed to replicate and extend these results.
Hochschild Cohomology of Torus Equivariant D-modules
Authors: Koppensteiner Clemens 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We discuss the Hochschild cohomology of the category of D-modules associated to an algebraic stack. In particular we describe the Hochschild cohomology of the category of torus-equivariant D-modules as the cohomology of a D-module on the loop space of the quotient stack. Finally, we give an approach for understanding the Hochschild cohomology of D-modules on general stacks via a relative compactification of the diagonal. This work is motivated by a desire to understand the support theory (in the sense of [6]) of D-modules on stacks.
An Assessment of Inappropriate Antibiotic Use and Guideline Adherence for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Durkin Michael J , Keller Matthew , Butler Anne M , Kwon Jennie H , Dubberke Erik R , Miller Aaron C , Polgreen Phillip M , Olsen Margaret A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
In 2011, The Infectious Diseases Society of America released a clinical practice guideline (CPG) that recommended short-course antibiotic therapy and avoidance of fluoroquinolones for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Recommendations from this CPG were rapidly disseminated to clinicians via review articles, UpToDate, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website; however, it is unclear if this CPG had an impact on national antibiotic prescribing practices.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of outpatient and emergency department visits within a commercial insurance database between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013. We included nonpregnant women aged 18–44 years who had an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code for a UTI with a concurrent antibiotic prescription. We performed interrupted time series analyses to determine the impact of the CPG on the appropriateness of the antibiotic agent and duration.

Results
We identified 654 432 women diagnosed with UTI. The patient population was young (mean age, 31 years) and had few comorbidities. Fluoroquinolones, nonfirstline agents, were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic class both before and after release of the guidelines (45% vs 42%). Wide variation was observed in the duration of treatment, with &gt;75% of prescriptions written for nonrecommended treatment durations. The CPG had minimal impact on antibiotic prescribing behavior by providers.

Conclusions
Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is common for the treatment of UTIs. The CPG was not associated with a clinically meaningful change in national antibiotic prescribing practices for UTIs. Further interventions are necessary to improve outpatient antibiotic prescribing for UTIs.