bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired neural mechanism for online novel word acquisition in dyslexic children
Authors: Kimppa Lilli , Shtyrov Yury , Partanen Eino , Kujala Teija 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia is characterised as an inability to read fluently. Apart from literacy problems, dyslexics have other language difficulties including inefficient speech encoding and deficient novel word learning. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying these impairments are largely unknown. We tracked online formation of neural memory traces for a novel spoken word-form in dyslexic and normal-reading children by recording the brain’s electrophysiological response dynamics in a passive perceptual exposure session. Crucially, no meaning was assigned to the new word-form nor was there any task related to the stimulus, enabling us to explore the memory-trace formation of a purely phonological form in the absence of any short-term or working memory demands. Similar to previously established neural index of rapid word learning in adults, the control children demonstrated an early brain response enhancement within minutes of exposure to the novel word-form that originated in frontal cortices. Dyslexic children, however, lacked this neural enhancement over the entire course of exposure. Furthermore, the magnitude of the rapid neural enhancement for the novel word-form was positively associated with reading and writing fluency. This suggests that the rapid neural learning mechanism for online acquisition of novel speech material is associated with reading skills. Furthermore, the deficient online learning of novel words in dyslexia, consistent with poor rapid adaptation to familiar stimuli, may underlie the difficulty of learning to read.
Direct production of a genetically-encoded immobilized biodiesel catalyst
Authors: Heater Bradley S. , Lee Marianne M. , Chan Michael K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe use of immobilized enzymes as biocatalysts has great potential to improve the efficiency and environmental sustainability of many industrial processes. Here, we report a novel approach that allows for the direct production of a highly active immobilized lipase within the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Cry3Aa-lipA crystals were generated by genetically fusing Bacillus subtilis lipase A to Cry3Aa, a protein that naturally forms crystals in the bacteria. The crystal framework significantly stabilized the lipase against denaturation in organic solvents and high temperatures, resulting in a highly efficient fusion crystal that could catalyze the conversion of triacylglycerols to fatty acid methyl ester biodiesel to near-completion over 10 cycles. The simplicity and robustness of the Cry-fusion crystal (CFC) immobilization system could make it an appealing platform for generating industrial biocatalysts for multiple bioprocesses.
The energy and mass balance of a continental glacier: Dongkemadi Glacier in central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liang Liqiao , Cuo Lan , Liu Qiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUnderstanding glacier mass balance (MB) change under global warming is important to assess the impact of glacier change on water resources. This study evaluated the applicability of a modified distributed surface energy balance model (DSEBM) with 3–h temporal and 100-m spatial resolution to the alpine Dongkemadi Glacier (DKMD) in the central Tibetan Plateau region, analyzed the causes of glacier MB variations with respect to energy balance, and evaluated MB changes under various climate scenarios. Results showed that: (i) the modified model can describe surface energy and MB of XDKMD well; (ii) net shortwave and longwave radiation, accounting for more than 80% of total heat flux, dominated the glacier energy balance during both summer and winter months; (iii) summer MB spatial patterns dominated annual MB, consistent with the fact that DKMD is a summer accumulation type glacier; and (iv) effect of increase in air temperature on glacier MB is higher than that of decrease in air temperature. The sensitivity of MB revealed by the modified DSEBM can help to understand MB changes influenced by the climate changes and to regulate water management strategies to adapt to climate changes at the catchment scale.
Omega-3 fatty acids does not affect physical activity and body weight in primary school children – a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Svensson V. , Johansson E. , Fischer M. , Deng S. L. , Hagströmer M. , Danielsson P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt was hypothesized that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids could increase physical activity (PA) levels, where traditional interventions often fail. The aim of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trail was to evaluate the effects of 15-week administration of omega-3 fatty acids on objectively measured PA and relative body weight in 8–9 year-old children. The children were randomly assigned to supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids or placebo. Primary outcome was change in PA counts per minute (cpm), and secondly change in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS). Covariance models were applied adjusting for age, gender, weight status, PA and intervention season. Compliance was controlled for by analyzing fatty acid composition in plasma. The intention to treat population consisted of 362 children (omega-3 n = 177, placebo n = 185). No significant effects of omega-3 fatty acids on PA or relative body weight were observed. In covariance models no effects were observed by gender, weight status or change in PA (all p > 0.05), but inactive children increased their PA more than children classified as active at baseline (p < 0.05).
Mass determination of the 1:3:5 near-resonant planets transiting GJ 9827 (K2-135)
Authors: Prieto-Arranz J. , Palle E. , Gandolfi D. , Barragán O. , Guenther E. W. , Dai F. , Fridlund M. , Hirano T. , Livingston J. , Luque R. , Niraula P. , Persson C. M. , Redfield S. , Albrecht S. , Alonso R. , Antoniciello G. , Cabrera J. , Cochran W. D. , Csizmadia Sz. , Deeg H. , Eigmüller Ph. , Endl M. , Erikson A. , Everett M. E. , Fukui A. , Grziwa S. , Hatzes A. P. , Hidalgo D. , Hjorth M. , Korth J. , Lorenzo-Oliveira D. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Nespral D. , Nowak G. , Pätzold M. , Montañez Rodríguez P. , Rauer H. , Ribas I. , Smith A. M. S. , Trifonov T. , Van Eylen V. , Winn J. N. 
Published: August 2018

Context. Multiplanet systems are excellent laboratories to test planet formation models as all planets are formed under the same initial conditions. In this context, systems transiting bright stars can play a key role, since planetary masses, radii, and bulk densities can be measured.
Aims. GJ 9827 (K2-135) has recently been found to host a tightly packed system consisting of three transiting small planets whose orbital periods of 1.2, 3.6, and 6.2 days are near the 1:3:5 ratio. GJ 9827 hosts the nearest planetary system (~30 pc) detected by NASA’s Kepler or K2 space mission. Its brightness (V = 10.35 mag) makes the star an ideal target for detailed studies of the properties of its planets.
Methods. Combining the K2 photometry with high-precision radial-velocity measurements gathered with the FIES, HARPS, and HARPS-N spectrographs we revised the system parameters and derive the masses of the three planets.
Results. We find that GJ 9827 b has a mass of Mb = 3.69−0.46+0.48 M⊕ and a radius of Rb = 1.58−0.13+0.14 R⊕, yielding a mean density of ρb = 5.11−1.27+1.74 g cm−3. GJ 9827 c has a mass of Mc = 1.45−0.57+0.58 M⊕, radius of Rc = 1.24−0.11+0.11 R⊕, and a mean density of ρc = 4.13−1.77+2.31 g cm−3. For GJ 9827 d, we derive Md = 1.45−0.57+0.58 M⊕, Rd = 1.24−0.11+0.11 R⊕, and ρd = 1.51−0.53+0.71 g cm−3.
Conclusions. GJ 9827 is one of the few known transiting planetary systems for which the masses of all planets have been determined with a precision better than 30%. This system is particularly interesting because all three planets are close to the limit between super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. The planetary bulk compositions are compatible with a scenario where all three planets formed with similar core and atmosphere compositions, and we speculate that while GJ 9827 b and GJ 9827 c lost their atmospheric envelopes, GJ 9827 d maintained its primordial atmosphere, owing to the much lower stellarirradiation. This makes GJ 9827 one of the very few systems where the dynamical evolution and the atmosphericescape can be studied in detail for all planets, helping us to understand how compact systems form and evolve.
Exploring the bulk of the BL Lacertae object population
Authors: D’Ammando F. , Giroletti M. , Rainó S. 
Published: August 2018

Aims. We are studying an unbiased sample of 42 nearby (z < 0.2) BL Lacertae objects with a multi-wavelength approach. The results of Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations were presented in the first paper of this series. In this paper, we study the γ-ray properties of the sample.
Methods. We analyse data collected by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first 8.5 yr of operation in the energy range 0.1−300 GeV.
Results. We reveal 23 sources with a test statistic greater than 25 (corresponding to ~4.6-σ) out of 42, with 3 sources not detected in the third LAT active galactic nucleus (AGN) catalogue, and fluxes between 3.5 × 10−10 and 7.4 × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1. The majority of the sources have hard spectra (Γ ≤ 2), with only four having values in the range 2.1–2.4. The three newly detected sources have fluxes in the range between 0.54 × 10−9 and 1.35 × 10−9 ph cm−2 s−1 and photon index 1.7–1.9. Among the 23 LAT-detected sources, 19 are included in the third catalogue of hard Fermi-LAT sources, with a spectrum that connects relatively smoothly from 0.1 GeV to 2 TeV. LAT-detected BL Lacs are more luminous on parsec scales with respect to non-LAT-detected sources and have larger core dominance according to the unified models.
Conclusions. The LAT-detected BL Lacs seem to be composed of a bulk of “classical” sources dominated by Doppler boosting and characterised by compact and bright radio emission as well as hard γ-ray spectra. Moreover, we have identified a possible population of low-luminosity BL Lacs not detected by LAT, lacking a VLBI core, and with a small Doppler factor. Furthermore, three LAT-detected sources show non-classical properties for γ-ray emitting BL Lacs (no evidence of relativistic jet, low Doppler factor in radio images, relatively low core dominance) and three other sources, while showing radio emission on parsec scales, are not detected in γ rays so far.
MAGNUM survey: A MUSE-Chandra resolved view on ionized outflows and photoionization in the Seyfert galaxy NGC1365
Authors: Venturi Giacomo , Nardini Emanuele , Marconi Alessandro , Carniani Stefano , Mingozzi Matilde , Cresci Giovanni , Mannucci Filippo , Risaliti Guido , Maiolino Roberto , Balmaverde Barbara , Bongiorno Angela , Brusa Marcella , Capetti Alessandro , Cicone Claudia , Ciroi Stefano , Feruglio Chiara , Fiore Fabrizio , Gallazzi Anna , La Franca Fabio , Mainieri Vincenzo , Matsuoka Kenta , Nagao Tohru , Perna Michele , Piconcelli Enrico , Sani Eleonora , Tozzi Paolo , Zibetti Stefano 
Published: August 2018

Context. Ionized outflows, revealed by broad asymmetric wings of the [O III] λ5007 line, are commonly observed in active galactic nuclei (AGN) but the low intrinsic spatial resolution of the observations has generally prevented a detailed characterization of their properties. The MAGNUM survey aims at overcoming these limitations by focusing on the nearest AGN, including NGC 1365, a nearby Seyfert galaxy (D ∼ 17 Mpc), hosting a low-luminosity active nucleus (Lbol ∼ 2 × 1043 erg s−1).
Aims. We want to obtain a detailed picture of the ionized gas in the central ∼5 kpc of NGC 1365 in terms of physical properties, kinematics, and ionization mechanisms. We also aim to characterize the warm ionized outflow as a function of distance from the nucleus and its relation with the nuclear X-ray wind.
Methods. We employed optical integral-field spectroscopic observations from VLT/MUSE to investigate the warm ionized gas and Chandra ACIS-S X-ray data for the hot highly-ionized phase. We obtained flux, kinematic, and diagnostic maps of the optical emission lines, which we used to disentangle outflows from gravitational motions in the disk and measure the gas properties down to a spatial resolution of ∼70 pc. We then performed imaging spectroscopy on Chandra ACIS-S data guided by the matching with MUSE maps.
Results. The [O III] emission mostly traces a kpc-scale biconical outflow ionized by the AGN having velocities up to ∼200 km s−1. Hα emission traces instead star formation in a circumnuclear ring and along the bar, where we detect non-circular streaming gas motions. Soft X-rays are predominantly due to thermal emission from the star-forming regions, but we manage to isolate the AGN photoionized component which nicely matches the [O III] emission. The mass outflow rate of the extended ionized outflow is similar to that of the nuclear X-ray wind and then decreases with radius, implying that the outflow either slows down or that the AGN activity has recently increased. However, the hard X-ray emission from the circumnuclear ring suggests that star formation might in principle contribute to the outflow. The integrated mass outflow rate, kinetic energy rate, and outflow velocity are broadly consistent with the typical relations observed in more luminous AGN.
Einfluss der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention auf die deutsche Rechtsprechung und Gesetzgebung zu Zwangsmaßnahmen
Authors: Müller Sabine 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention (UN-BRK) hat die Rechtsprechung und Gesetzgebung zur Psychiatrie in Deutschland beeinflusst. Sie hat bei richtungweisenden Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts und des Bundesgerichtshofs eine Rolle gespielt, durch die Novellierungen des Betreuungsrechts und verschiedener Landesgesetze (PsychischKranken-, Unterbringungs- und Maßregelvollzugsgesetze) veranlasst wurden.Außerdem hat sie eine intensive Diskussion innerhalb der Psychiatrie angestoßen, die inzwischen zu einem kritischeren und zurückhaltenderen Umgang mit Zwangsbehandlungen geführt hat.Die Auslegung der UN-BRK ist allerdings umstritten. Das von der UNO eingesetzte "Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities" (CRPD) hat 2014 in seinem "General Comment on Article 12 of the UN Convention" eine Interpretation der UN-BRK veröffentlicht, die in problematischer Weise von früheren internationalen Vereinbarungen über Menschenrechte und früheren WHO-Empfehlungen abweicht. Darin fordert das CRPD u.a. die völlige Abschaffung von ersetzenden Entscheidungen durch rechtliche Betreuer sowie die vollständige Abschaffung von Unterbringungen und Zwangsmaßnahmen. Von Seiten der Bundesregierung wird die Auslegung des CRPD nicht anerkannt. Auch das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat in einer Entscheidung zu Zwangsbehandlungen zum einen festgestellt, dass die Stellungnahmen des CRPD für internationale und nationale Gerichte nicht völkerrechtlich verbindlich sind. Zum anderen hat es die Position des CRPD inhaltlich kritisiert und insbesondere dargelegt, dass aus der UN-BRK keineswegs folgt, dass es keinerlei ersetzende Entscheidungen und keinerlei Zwangsbehandlungen geben dürfe. Vielmehr sieht das Bundesverfassungsgericht eine Schutzpflicht des Staates gerade für Menschen, die aufgrund von Krankheit oder Behinderung keinen freien Willen bilden können und sich in hilfloser Lage befinden. Diese Menschen sollten nicht ihrem Schicksal überlassen werden.Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat die UN-BRK interpretiert, indem es zwischen den verschiedenen Grundrechten abgewogen und zwischen dem freien und dem natürlichen Willen differenziert hat, während das CRPD ein naiv verstandenes Recht auf Selbstbestimmung absolut gesetzt hat.
Wie Menschenrechte der Psychiatrie in Deutschland den Weg weisen:
Authors: Aderhold Volkmar 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Besorgnisse und Empfehlungen der „Abschließenden Bemerkungen“ der UN ü̈ber den ersten Staatenbericht Deutschlands werden durch aktuelle Daten der Gesundheitsberichtserstattung konkretisiert. Ihre „Empfehlungen“ werden durch evidenzbasierte Versorgungsmodelle konkretisiert sowie durch weitere Inhalte aus dem Bericht des Sonderberichterstatter von 2017 als Visionen für die deutsche psychiatrische Versorgung ergänzt und so der Weg einer von der Wahrung der Menschenrechte und sozialer Inklusion bestimmten Psychiatrie aufgezeigt. Dabei stehen die Vermeidung von Zwang durch traumainformierte Behandlung und der Aufbau komplexer ambulanter Behandlungsstrukturen durch die Modelle des Offenen Dialogs und den Recovery-Ansatzes im Mittelpunkt eines Paradigmenwechsels. Das Bewusstsein, dass auch in der Psychiatrie von heute fortgesetzt vor allem durch mangelhafte Strukturen Menschenrechtsverletzungen begangen werden, die vermeidbar wären, sollte zur Entschiedenheit zu den erforderlichen Veränderungen beitragen.
Olfactory Groove Schwannoma—A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: De Cesaro Marcelo , Araújo Moisés , Carli Fernada , Manfroi Gregori , Schwingel Daniela , Mesquita Filho Paulo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOlfactory groove schwannomas (OGSs) are rare benign tumors of the anterior skull base region. Considering the lack of Schwann cells in the optic and olfactory nerves, their origin remains enigmatic. Despite the precursor cell, total resection of the lesion is curative, as long as the histopathological features of the tumor are compatible with schwannoma. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman, addicted to crack, who was brought to the hospital presenting with cognitive dysfunction after being physically assaulted, whose neuroimaging revealed a large extra-axial mass in the subfrontal sagittal region. The presentation, immunohistochemical markers and histogenesis are discussed in the present study, along with a literature review.
Direct evidence of surface exposed water ice in the lunar polar regions
Authors: Li Shuai , Lucey Paul G. , Milliken Ralph E. , Hayne Paul O. , Fisher Elizabeth , Williams Jean-Pierre , Hurley Dana M. , Elphic Richard C. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
We found direct and definitive evidence for surface-exposed water ice in the lunar polar regions. The abundance and distribution of ice on the Moon are distinct from those on other airless bodies in the inner solar system such as Mercury and Ceres, which may be associated with the unique formation and evolution process of our Moon. These ice deposits might be utilized as an in situ resource in future exploration of the Moon.
Structural basis of RNA polymerase I stalling at UV light-induced DNA damage
Authors: Sanz-Murillo Marta , Xu Jun , Belogurov Georgiy A. , Calvo Olga , Gil-Carton David , Moreno-Morcillo María , Wang Dong , Fernández-Tornero Carlos 
Published: August 2018

Significance
DNA lesions threaten cellular life and must be repaired to maintain genome integrity. During transcription, RNA polymerases (RNAPs) actively scan DNA to find bulky lesions and trigger their repair. In growing eukaryotic cells, most transcription involves synthesis of ribosomal RNA by RNAP I (Pol I), and Pol I activity thus influences survival upon DNA damage. We determined the high-resolution electron cryomicroscopy structure of Pol I stalled by a UV-induced lesion, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), to unveil how the enzyme manages this important DNA damage. We found that Pol I gets stalled when the lesion reaches the bridge helix, a structural element involved in enzyme advance along DNA. We identified Pol I-specific residues around the active site that contribute to CPD-induced arrest.
Nonuniformity in ligaments is a structural strategy for optimizing functionality
Authors: Naveh Gili R. S. , Foster Jonathan E. , Silva Santisteban Tomas M. , Yang Xianrui , Olsen Bjorn R. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Structure and function are intermingled and inseparable. Therefore, the structure–function dependency sequence is mostly unclear. Using the periodontal ligament as a model, employing a technique utilizing a loading system inside a microCT, we were able to visualize in 3D the fresh collagen networks and correlate their distribution and direction with loads exerted on the ligament. We show that the ligament structure is not uniform and is determined before it becomes functional, and therefore we propose that structural nonuniformity is specifically designed to optimize ligament function to the variable forces it sustains.
Modulation of hydroxyl variability by ENSO in the absence of external forcing
Authors: Turner Alexander J. , Fung Inez , Naik Vaishali , Horowitz Larry W. , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
The hydroxyl radical (OH) is central to tropospheric chemistry, but current measurements are insufficient to assess its effects on year-to-year changes in atmospheric methane. We use a 6,000-y control simulation in a global coupled chemistry-climate model to study the natural variability of OH. We find that natural OH variability can produce (unforced) methane trends as large as the observed changes in methane over the last few decades. Additionally, we find a link between OH and La Niña. While we cannot directly measure annual global mean OH, we can use what we know about La Niña to improve our understanding of OH. This may, in turn, improve our understanding of recent methane trends.
Macrophages release plasma membrane-derived particles rich in accessible cholesterol
Authors: He Cuiwen , Hu Xuchen , Weston Thomas A. , Jung Rachel S. , Sandhu Jaspreet , Huang Song , Heizer Patrick , Kim Jason , Ellison Rochelle , Xu Jiake , Kilburn Matthew , Bensinger Steven J. , Riezman Howard , Tontonoz Peter , Fong Loren G. , Jiang Haibo , Young Stephen G. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Earlier studies suggested that particles are released from the macrophage plasma membrane, but the mechanism has been unclear. We found that filopodia of macrophages release large numbers of vesicular particles. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that these particles are enriched in cholesterol, including the “accessible” pool of cholesterol detectable by the cholesterol-binding protein. The cholesterol content of macrophage particles increased when the cells were loaded with cholesterol and could be depleted by incubating the cells with high-density lipoproteins. Our studies suggest that the release of particles by macrophages could be one mechanism for cholesterol efflux and that particles could be an intermediate in the movement of cholesterol to high-density lipoproteins.
VARAN-GIE: curation of genomic interval sets
Authors: Popitsch Niko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Summary
Genomic interval sets are fundamental elements of genome annotation and are the output of countless bioinformatics applications. Nevertheless, tool support for the manual curation of these data is currently limited. We developed VARAN-GIE, an extension of the popular Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) that adds functionality to edit, annotate and merge genomic interval sets. Data can easily be shared with other users and imported/exported from/to multiple common data formats.

Availability and implementation
VARAN-GIE binary releases, source-code, user guides and tutorials are available at https://github.com/popitsch/varan-gie/.