bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Turbidity and Chromium Content of Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Process
Authors: Ziati Mounir , Khemmari Fariza , Aitbara Adel , Hazourli Sabir 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: The present study is carried out to remove chromium and turbidity from tannery wastewater using the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes. This experimental study is carried out using a batch system. The applied pilot comprises a reactor containing two parallel metal electrodes (Al). The latter are connected as monopolar, and a different potential is applied between them. Several working parameters, such as applied potential difference, electrolysis time, active electrode surface, interelectrode distance, and the pH of the medium have been studied to achieve higher removal efficiency. The treatment reached a maximum reduction of 99% for turbidity and 93% for chromium under the following conditions: 15 V applied potential difference, 45 cm2 electrode surface, 1 cm interelectrode distance, pH 6.1 raw water, and a contact time of 90 min. Given the treatment efficiency obtained in this study, electrocoagulation process has the potential to be used for the cost‐effective removal of wastewater pollutants.
Associations of Plasma Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Profiles with Incident Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: Wang Feijie , Sun Liang , Sun Qi , Liang Liming , Gao Xianfu , Li Rongxia , Pan An , Li Huaixing , Deng Yueyi , Hu Frank B. , Wu Jiarui , Zeng Rong , Lin Xu 
Published: March 2018

Background and objectives
Metabolomics is instrumental in identifying novel biomarkers of kidney function to aid in the prevention and management of CKD. However, data linking the metabolome to incident eGFR are sparse, particularly in Asian populations with different genetic backgrounds and environmental exposures. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles with change in eGFR in a Chinese cohort.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study included 1765 community-living Chinese adults aged 50–70 years with baseline eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. At baseline, 22 amino acids and 34 acylcarnitines in plasma were quantified by gas or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Annual rate of change in eGFR was calculated, and incident eGFR decline was defined as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 by the end of 6 years of follow-up.

Results
The mean (SD) unadjusted annual change in eGFR was 2.2±2.0 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and the incidence of reduced eGFR was 16%. After Bonferroni correction, 13 of 56 metabolites were significantly associated with annual eGFR change. After multivariable adjustment of baseline covariates, including baseline eGFR, seven of the 13 metabolites, including cysteine, long-chain acylcarnitines (C14:1OH, C18, C18:2, and C20:4), and other acylcarnitines (C3DC and C10), were significantly associated with incident reduced eGFR (relative risks ranged from 1.16 to 1.25 per SD increment of metabolites; P<3.8E-03 after Bonferroni correction of multiple testing of the 13 metabolites). Moreover, principal component analysis identified two factors, consisting of cysteine and long-chain acylcarnitines, respectively, that were associated with incident reduced eGFR.

Conclusions
Elevated plasma levels of cysteine and a panel of acylcarnitines were associated with a higher incidence of reduced eGFR in Chinese adults, independent of baseline eGFR and other conventional risk factors.
Association of FGF-2 Concentrations with Atheroma Progression in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Bozic Milica , Betriu Angels , Bermudez-Lopez Marcelino , Ortiz Alberto , Fernandez Elvira , Valdivielso Jose M. ,   on behalf of the NEFRONA investigators
Published: March 2018

Background and objectives
Atherosclerosis is highly prevalent in CKD. The rate of progression of atherosclerosis is associated with cardiovascular events. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is a member of the FGF family with potentially both protective and deleterious effects in the development of atherosclerosis. The role of circulating FGF-2 levels in the progression of atherosclerosis in CKD is unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We used a multicenter, prospective, observational cohorts study of 481 patients with CKD. We determined the presence of atheroma plaque in ten arterial territories by carotid and femoral ultrasounds. Progression of atheromatosis was defined as an increase in the number of territories with plaque after 24 months. Plasma levels of FGF-2 were measured by multiplex analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether plasma FGF-2 levels were associated with atheromatosis progression.

Results
Average age of the population was 61 years. The percentage of patients in each CKD stage was 51% in stage 3, 41% in stages 4–5, and 8% in dialysis. A total of 335 patients (70%) showed plaque at baseline. Atheromatosis progressed in 289 patients (67%). FGF-2 levels were similar between patients with or without plaque at baseline (79 versus 88 pg/ml), but lower in patients with atheromatosis progression after 2 years (78 versus 98 pg/ml; P<0.01). In adjusted analyses, higher plasma FGF-2 was associated with lower risk of atheromatosis progression (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.76 to 0.96; per 50 pg/ml increment). Analysis of FGF-2 in tertiles showed that atheroma progression was observed for 102 participants in the lowest tertile of FGF-2 (reference group), 86 participants in the middle tertile of FGF-2 (adjusted OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.20), and 74 participants in the lowest tertile of FGF-2 (adjusted OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.82).

Conclusions
Low FGF-2 levels are independently associated with atheromatosis progression in CKD.
Analisis Pemenuhan Hak Dasar Anak Pada Program “Kota Layak Anak” Di Kecamatan Gading Cempaka, Bengkulu
Authors: Himawati Ika Pasca , Nopianti Heni , Hartati Sri , Hanum Sri Handayani 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research is to find and to analyzes the fulfillment of the basic rights on child based on the regulation of the state minister for women empowerment and child protection of the republic of Indonesia No. 12 of 2011 on indicators district of a city worthy of child. The research was done in 2 areas which is located in Gading Cempaka Subdistrict, they are in Cempaka Permai and Lingkar Baratvillage. Research conducted with qualitative approach and data was collected throughout observation, interview , FGD and study document . The result is a). In the both of areas have not had children forum which can directly accommodate the aspirations of children and do not involve children (age category of teenagers) on the activities and deliberations or work programs that exist in the environment RT or RW. b). In the both of areas has not been in the region of the unavailability of two consulting agencies for parents/family and child welfare agencies. c). In the both of areas has not been in an optimum manner use of leisure time and cultural activities it was found problems yet the number of program activity level of RT and RW aimed at maximizing the potential of children, as well as the unavailability of Green Open Space (RTH) as playing area that is safe and comfortable for children. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menemukenali serta menganalisis pemenuhan hak dasar pada anak yang didasarkan pada Peraturan Menteri Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuandan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia No. 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Indikator Kabupaten Kota Layak Anak. Penelitian dilakukan di 2 kawasan yang berada di Kecamatan Gading Cempaka, yakni Kelurahan Cempaka Permai dan Kelurahan Lingkar Barat. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan informan melalui purposive dan snowball sampling. Adapun teknik pengambilan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, FGD dan studi dokumen. Temua penelitian menunjukkan bahwa a). Kedua wilayah penelitian belum memiliki forum anak yang dapat mengakomodir aspirasi anak secara langsung serta belum melibatkan anak khususnya anak kategori usia remaja pada kegiatan dan musyawarah ataupun program kerja yang ada di lingkungan RT/RW maupun kelurahan, b). Di dua kawasan tersebut belum tersedia lembaga konsultasi bagi orang tua/keluarga dan lembaga kesejahteraan anak. c). Belum banyaknya program kegiatan di tingkat RT dan RW yang ditujukan untuk memaksimalkan potensi anak serta belum tersedianya kawasan Ruang terbuka Hijau (RTH) sebagai kawasan bermain yang amandan nyaman bagi anak.
Cultural Branding as a Key in Positioning Schools: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Hidayatun Hidayatun 
Published: March 2018

The increase of peopleâ€™s prosperity and education creates a change in their view about education and the need towards it. Consequently, their choice of educational institutions becomes more selective. On the other hand, the competition in this field becomes more viable due to the growth of the educational institutions. The management strategy should be evaluated. This paper discusses the interfaces between culture and school, especially those that refer to the branding. The study was carried out on a premise that creating a bond between the school and community is possible by adopting the culture in a formal education environment. This effort is expected to help schools to get a certain position in the community. Therefore, this study attempts to promote a conceptual model of cultural branding in schools and to reveal the reasons why the model becomes an effective marketing strategy in this era.Â KeywordsBranding, School culture, Positioning, Community bond
The Impact of Auditor Task Difficulty and Audit Quality Indicators on Jurors' Assessments of Audit Quality
Authors: Wright Arnold M. , Wu Yi-Jing 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
This study examines the effect of auditor task difficulty on jurors' overall assessment of audit quality following an alleged audit failure (i.e., a restatement) given audit quality indicators (AQIs). We focus on assurance of fair value estimates, a pervasive, difficult-to-audit area. Employing an experiment with prospective jurors, we manipulate auditor task difficulty (moderate or high), input AQI (high or low), and process AQI (high or low). Consistent with expectations from Attribution Theory, we find evidence, as reflected in jurors' assessments of audit quality, that higher task difficulty elicits the salience of external causes for the alleged negative audit outcome (i.e., factors beyond auditors' control) while lower task difficulty induces the salience of internal causes (i.e., factors within auditors' control). Together, our results suggest that jurors recognize the difficulty associated with auditing complex estimates, and in turn adjust their expectations regarding the level of auditor diligence that must be demonstrated, demanding a very high level of diligence (both AQI input and process) for the less difficult task while generally exhibiting lesser demands for the more difficult task. We also find that jurors' audit quality assessments are significantly linked to subsequent evaluations of auditor responsibility and to verdict decisions of auditor negligence.
Does IT Outsourcing Affect the Accuracy and Speed of Financial Disclosures? Evidence from Preparer-Side XBRL Filing Decisions
Authors: Cong Yu , Omar Ayishat , Sun Huey-Lian 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we examine the impact of preparer-side XBRL filing decisions on the accuracy and speed of financial disclosures. Specifically, we use the choice between in-house and outsourced preparation of XBRL filings to examine the impact of the decisions on financial disclosures. Using annual and quarterly SEC filings in XBRL format, we test the accuracy and speed of the filings by comparing the number of amendments and reporting delays of the filings that are prepared in-house relative to those prepared by a third party. Our results indicate that outsourcing XBRL filings increases reporting accuracy but does not affect speed. Additionally, several firm-specific characteristics, including the complexity of XBRL filings, have an impact on the accuracy and speed of XBRL filings.
POLITIK HUKUM DI BIDANG KESEHATAN DALAM HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA PEMERINTAH DI BIDANG KESEHATAN
Authors: Sugiati Taty , Perwira Indra 
Published: March 2018

Salah satu tujuan negara adalah terwujudnya kesejahteraan umum. Salah satu unsur dari kesejahteraan umum adalah kesehatan. Guna mewujudkan kesejahteraan dibidang kesehatan, pemerintah menyelenggarakan pembangunan dengan berbagai kegiatan atau upaya kesehatan dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, dengan menggunakan metode pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah di bidang kesehatan. Permasalahan yang timbul yaitu bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan pada masyarakat berkaitan dengan Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah dibidang kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakan tipe penelitian yuridis normatif dan penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis. Pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah dibidang kesehatan memiliki karakteristik khusus, yang seringkali dihadapkan pada kondisi yang tidak normal yang membutuhkan respon secara cepat untuk kepentingan pemenuhan pelayanan kesehatan berupa alat–alat kesehatan, obat–obatan dan lain sebagainya, bahkan tidak jarang ditujukan untuk kepentingan keselamatan jiwa manusia. Penunjukan langsung menjadi satu–satunya pilihan yang harus diambil untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dibidang kesehatan. Dalam kondisi yang demikian itu, acapkali pejabat yang bertanggungjawab dalam pengadaan barang/jasa dibidang kesehatan mengesampingkan norma dan prosedur yang ada dengan menitikberatkan pada tujuan yaitu keselamatan jiwa manusia. Akan tetapi kebijakan yang terkait dengan penunjukan langsung dalam pengadaan barang/jasa dibidang kesehatan seringkali berujung pada tuntutan pidana yang menimbulkan dampak pada pelayanan kesehatan.
Kata kunci : Pembangunan bidang kesehatan, pengadaan barang.
PENDAFTARAN TANAH UNTUK MEMINIMALKAN KONFLIK ATAS TANAH
Authors: Yamin Muhammad , Zaidar Zaidar 
Published: March 2018

Mengamati banyak konflik tanah di Indonesia yang terus meningkat, dan diikuti oleh populasi yang tumbuh cepat sehingga permintaan lahan juga akan meningkat secara otomatis. Sedangkan jumlah lahan yang tersedia terbatas. Kondisi ini tentunya akan menimbulkan masalah dalam pengendalian dan pemilikan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab konflik tanah, dengan melakukan inventarisasi ke lahan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat (baik yang terdaftar maupun tidak terdaftar).Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif empiris, dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan data primer. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi literatur, sedangkan data primer diperoleh langsung dari responden, dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara dan kuesioner. Lokasi penelitian berada di Deli Serdang, dari 23 kecamatan di Deli Serdang, 7 kabupaten diambil dan dibuat dalam sampel dari masing-masing kabupaten diberi 100 responden.Dari hasil penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa, pelaksanaan pendaftaran tanah di Kabupaten Deli Serdang belum terjadi seperti yang diharapkan. Bisa dilihat dari jumlah lahan yang belum terdaftar, kondisi ini tentu akan memicu konflik atau perselisihan di masyarakat, baik perselisihan batas kepemilikan, pengendalian lahan ilegal, perselisihan warisan, kepemilikan sertifikat, kurangnya ketertarikan masyarakat untuk mengikuti pendaftaran tanah adalah karena berbagai alasan, yaitu: masyarakat tidak mengetahui tujuan pendaftaran tanah, biayanya mahal, pengelolaannya berbelit-belit, masyarakat merasa bahwa tidak perlu melakukannya, lahan subur.
Kata kunci: Registrasi Tanah, Kepastian Hukum, Konflik.
Työtapaturmaisten olka- ja polvivammojen hoitotoimenpiteet ja -kustannukset sekä hoidon ja sairauslomien kesto vakuutusyhtiön rekisteriaineistoon perustuen
Authors: Pietilä Julia , Tolonen Johanna , Helander Elina 
Published: March 2018

Polven ja olan alueen vammat ovat tyypillisiä työtapaturmavammoja ja aiheuttavat merkittävän osan työtapaturmavammojen hoitokustannuksista. Tutkimusaineistona käytettiin suomalaisen vakuutusyhtiön keräämää rekisteriaineistoa korvattujen työtapaturmavammojenhoidosta yksityisissä lääkärikeskuksissa vuosilta 2010-2015. Yhteensä 555 (miehiä: 57 %, ikä: 40,9±11,8 vuotta) ICD-10-tautiluokituksen pääluokkaan S83 kuuluvaa polven ja 377 (miehiä: 56 %, ikä: 42,4±12,1 vuotta) pääluokkaan S43 tai S46 kuuluvaa olan alueen vammaa tarkasteltiin tehtyjen hoitotoimenpiteiden, hoitokustannusten, hoidon keston sekä sairauslomien pituuksien suhteen. Lisäksi leikattujen ja/tai kuntoutettujen potilaiden osalta tarkasteltiin suomalaisten hoitosuositusten toteutumista ensisijaisen hoitomuodon sekä leikkausajankohdan suhteen.
Polven ja olan alueen vammoista kaksi kolmasosaa aiheutui työpaikkatapaturmissa henkilön kaatuessa, pudotessa tai fyysisesti kuormittuessa ja loput työmatkatapaturmissa jalankulkijan tai pyöräilijän kaatuessa, liukastuessa tai kompastuessa. Suurin osa vammoista oli lieviä: 84 % potilaista hoidettiin tavanomaisilla lääkärinvastaanottokäynneillä ja 54 %:lla potilaista sairausloma oli korkeintaan viikon. Vain 16 % potilaista hoidettiin kuntouttamalla ja/tai leikkauksella, mutta nämä hoidot aiheuttivat 61 % kaikista hoitokustannuksista ja puolilla (51 %) näistä potilaista sairausloma kesti yli 3 kuukautta. Toteutuneessa hoidossa fysioterapeuttista kuntoutusta annettiin ennen leikkaushoitoa neljäsosalle polven ja kolmasosalle olan alueen vammoista. Hoitosuositusten mukaiset leikkausajankohdat toteutuivat aineistossa, kun leikkausajankohdan suositus oli yli 2 kuukautta vammautumisesta. Esimerkiksi 80 % kiertäjäkalvosinvammoista leikattiin hoitosuositusten mukaisesti noin 4 kuukauden kuluessa vammautumisesta, mutta nivelkierukkavammoista vain 5 % leikattiin hoitosuositusten mukaisesti 1-2 viikon kuluessa vammautumisesta.
Työtapaturmista aiheutuu vain vähän vakavia polven ja olan alueen vammoja, mutta niiden hoitoon keskittyminen on tärkeää, koska ne aiheuttavat sekä suuria kustannuksia että pitkiä sairauslomia. Ylimääräisten hoitokustannusten ja sairauslomapäivien ehkäisy työtapaturmavammoissa vaatii toisaalta lääketieteellisesti oikeita ja varhaisia diagnooseja sekä optimaalisia hoitokäytäntöjä, mutta myös joustavia ja tapauskohtaisia toimia vakuutusyhtiöltä.
Terveydenhuollon hallinnan muutosajureista
Authors: Lappalainen Kari 
Published: March 2018

Hyvinvointiyhteiskuntien kansallisiin terveydenhuoltojärjestelmiin kohdistuu taloudellisia, yhteiskunnallisia sekä teknologisia muutospaineita, jotka korostavat terveydenhuollon asemaa yhteiskunnissa. Samalla kuin siilomaisesta toimintamallista siirrytään asteittain integroidumpaan ja verkostomaisempaan ekosysteemiin, tiedostetaan toimijoiden välinen tiedonkulku ja läpinäkyvyys innovaatioita synnyttäväksi tuottavuustekijäksi.
Euroopan Unionin maiden terveydenhuollossa kansalaiset koetaan enenevässä määrin kuluttajiksi, jolla on sekä oikeuksia, mutta myös velvollisuuksia. Julkisen sektorin perinteisiä hallinnan (governance) malleja joudutaan jatkuvasti uudelleen arvioimaan ja muutoksesta onkin tullut pysyvä olotila, jota enenevässä määrin ohjaavat myös kansainväliset vaikutukset. Terveydenhuollossa luovuutta ja itseohjautuvuutta edistävät mekanismit nähdäänkin organisaatioiden keskeisiksi menestystekijöiksi. Tarve uudenlaiselle johtamisen kulttuurille on tunnistettu. Johtamisjärjestelmiä tukevat teoriat pyrkivät selittämään ja tarjoamaan viitekehyksiä, joihin tukeutumalla jatkuvaan kehittämiseen orientoituvat organisaatiot pyrkivät sopeutumaan alati uudistuviin olosuhteisiin, joissa julkisen ja yksityisen sektorin hybridit edustavat uudenlaista hallintamallia. Artikkelin tehtävänä on kuvata terveydenhuollon keskeisiä muutosajureita kansainvälisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla. Tutkimuksen teoreettisena viitekehyksenä toimii luovan hallinnan teoria (Creative Governance). Tutkimus syventää ymmärrystämme terveydenhuollon keskeistä muutosajureista, kuten tehokkuusvaatimusten seurauksena integroituvista arvoverkoista, valinnanvapauden kautta lisääntyvästä kilpailusta sekä informaatioteknologian uusista mahdollisuuksista. Yhteistä muutosajureille näyttää olevan, että ne saavat voimansa terveydenhuollon toimialan kasvavasta taloudellisesta painoarvosta sekä sen seurauksena syntyvästä tarpeesta uudistaa henkilöstöintensiivisen toimialan johtamista. Tutkimus vahvisti osaltaan teoreettisen viitekehyksen oletuksia terveydenhuollon strategisesta, operatiivisesta sekä innovaatiojohtamisesta ja vahvisti näkemystä, että eri maiden lainsäädäntöjen ja käytäntöjen yhtenäistyessä luovan hallinnan teoria on sovellettavissa kansainvälisesti.
DE L’HÉRITAGE DANS LE RÉCIT DE FILIATION AU MASCULIN
Authors: ANDREI Carmen 
Published: March 2018

On Heritage in the Filiation Narrative in the Male Gender. My article analyses a testimony of the return to origins published in 2009 by a famous voice in the contemporary Canadian French literature: Dany Laferrière, L’énigme du retour. The novel is built on the double geographical and mental route past-present, present-past, between the country of origin and the adoptive countries (Quebec and the United States), on activating individual and collective memory, on a favorite topos of the postmodern climate, viz. identity interrogation. It is complex, necessary to gaining wisdom. Once understood, accepted, assumed, it is no way perceived as heart-wrenching or vindictive, but instead it helps the author regain peace and evolve. The exile means liberation and return, identity loss and regain. This is a complex autobiography, with the most intimate writing of intimacy, an archeological inquiry collecting bribes/remnants of a troubled past. For Dany Laferrière, the direct paternal affiliation is sublimated, it fails, the heritage is taken over by a spiritual father and it aims at being relegated to the grandson.
REZUMAT. Despre moştenire în romanul de filiaţie masculină. Articolul analizează o mărturie a întoarcerii la origini publicată în 2009 de o voce contemporană celebră în literatura canadiană de expresie franceză: Dany Laferrière, L’énigme du retour. Romanul este construit pe o dublă călătorie geografică şi mentală între trecut şi prezent, prezent şi trecut, între ţara de origine şi ţările de adopţie (Québec şi Statele Unite), antrenând atât memoria individuală, cât şi cea colectivă. Căutarea (şi găsirea) identităţii, proces complex, necesar pentru înţelepţire, este un topos de predilecţie în climatul postmodern. Odată înţeleasă, acceptată şi asumată, identitatea nu este percepută ca sfâşietoare sau vindicativă, ci, în schimb, îl ajută pe autor să-şi redobândească pacea şi să meargă mai departe, să evolueze. Exilul înseamnă eliberare şi întoarcere, pierderea şi recâştigarea identităţii. Avem de-a face cu o autobiografie complexă, cu o scriitură a intimului, cu o anchetă arheologică ce colectează frânturi dintr-un trecut tulbure. Dacă pentru Dany Laferrière filiaţia paternă este sublimată, chiar ratată, el devine la rândul lui părinte spiritual pentru nepotul lui căruia îi va transmite moştenirea.
Cuvinte-cheie: identitate, exil, hibriditate, Haiti, moştenire, postmodern, intimitate