bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of levator muscle avulsions on Manchester procedure outcomes in pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Authors: Oversand Sissel H. , Staff Anne C. , Volløyhaug Ingrid , Svenningsen Rune 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionLevator ani muscle avulsions potentially increase recurrence after anterior colporrhaphies. We aimed at evaluating the impact of avulsions on anatomical and patient‐reported outcomes 1 year after the Manchester procedure for primary anterior compartment pelvic organ prolapse.Material and methodsProspective cohort study of 189 women undergoing the Manchester procedure between October 2014 and January 2017. Avulsions were diagnosed by transperineal ultrasound. Women with and without avulsions were compared for 1‐year postoperative outcomes; Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification measurements, subjective satisfaction (1—worse to 4—cured), failure (new prolapse treatment), response to validated questionnaires on pelvic floor distress and sexual function, and a composite outcome (subjectively cured and optimal anterior compartment outcome (stage 0‐I)). Optimal mid‐compartment outcome was defined as cervix ≥5 cm above the hymen. Factors potentially associated with poor anatomical outcomes (anterior compartment stage ≥II) or pelvic floor distress were analyzed using regression analyses.ResultsFewer women with avulsions (present in 50.8%) obtained optimal mid‐compartment outcomes (88.2% vs 77.1%; P = 0.05). The groups were otherwise similar in terms of mid‐compartment reduction, anterior compartment results, failure rate, subjective satisfaction, pelvic floor/sexual symptoms, and combined optimal subjective and anatomical outcome. Only preoperative anterior compartment stage ≥III was associated with poor anatomical outcome (P < 0.01). A high preoperative symptom score was associated with a high postoperative symptom score (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough fewer women with avulsions obtained optimal mid‐compartment results, avulsions had no impact on other anatomical or symptomatic outcomes 1 year after the Manchester procedure for primary anterior compartment prolapse.
Approved claims for compensation from gynecological patients in Norway—What characterizes the cases? A 14‐year nationwide study
Authors: Ravlo Merethe , Lieng Marit , Khan Bukholm Ida R. , Haase Moen Mette , Vanky Eszter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation (NPE) evaluates all patient‐reported claims in Norway. Our aim was to study the cases from gynecological patients approved by NPE in order to identify the main reasons for the injuries, the consequences of the treatment failure for the women, and the time course when the treatment failure occurred.Material and methodsA retrospective, descriptive study of approved gynecological compensation claims during a 14‐year period, based on patient files from NPE.ResultsIn all, 1454 women claimed compensation for injury related to gynecological treatment in Norway from 2000 to 2013. Compensation was approved for 438 (30.1%) women. Eleven women declined participation in the study and 16 cases were excluded, leaving 411 cases for further analyses. Consent to participate was given by 211 (51.3%) women, who gave full access to all their NPE files. Anonymized resumes and expert statements were used for the 138 (33.6%) women who did not respond and the 62 (15.1%) women who were deceased. Guidelines or good clinical practice were not followed in 40.5% of the cases. The most common reasons for injury were surgical complications (67.6%), delayed (22.4%) and incorrect (17.0%) diagnoses, and failure of communication (11.7%). The main consequences of injuries were need for extensive treatment (64.2%), permanent injury (55.2%) and impaired physical ability (41.9%). Worsening of cancer prognosis occurred in 58 women (14.1%) and death due to treatment failure in 29 (7.1%) women. Most failures occurred during the treatment period (75.2%).ConclusionsWe found that the main reason for injuries in gynecological patients was non‐adherence to guidelines or good clinical practice. Surgery‐related injuries were most common. Increased focus on adherence to guidelines and surgical skills might improve patient safety for gynecological patients in Norway.
Children with congenital and childhood cataract require frequent follow‐up visits and examinations in general anaesthesia: considerations for the strain on families
Authors: Al‐Bakri Moug , Sander Birgit , Bach‐Holm Daniella , Larsen Dorte Ancher , Jensen Hanne , Kessel Line 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cataract require frequent monitoring to detect complications, adjust refractive correction and treat amblyopia. This is time consuming for the families. The aim of the study was to evaluate how often children with cataract are seen as outpatients or under general anaesthesia during the first 7 years of life.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of all children with congenital and childhood cataract born between 2000 primo and 2017 seen at our institution. The cumulated number of outpatient visits and examinations and/or surgeries in general anaesthesia was extracted for age 1, 3, 5 and 7 years.ResultsChildren who had cataract surgery were seen significantly more often than children without surgery. During the first year of life, children with bilateral surgery had a median of nine outpatient visits, children with unilateral cataract had 11 and children without surgery had five outpatient visits. At 7 years of age, half of the children operated bilaterally before 1 year of age had undergone at least five procedures/examinations in general anaesthesia versus 1/4 of those with unilateral surgery and none of those without surgery. Children were seen less frequently with advancing age.ConclusionThe management, treatment and follow‐up of children with cataract are demanding, requiring frequent hospital visits and repeated examinations and/or surgical procedures in general anaesthesia over many years, but mainly during the first year of life. Surgical patients are more complex and require closer follow‐up. This message is important to convey to the parents at the onset of the disease.
Effect of Resveratrol on biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal disease
Authors: Kugaji Manohar S. , Kumbar Vijay M. , Peram Malleswara Rao , Patil Sanjivini , Bhat Kishore G. , Diwan Prakash V. 
Published: March 2019

Periodontal disease is an oral inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth supporting periodontal tissues resulting in tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen that plays a significant role in periodontitis. In previous studies, resveratrol has shown significant results by targeting inflammatory and adhesive markers. Virulence factors of P. gingivalis play an important role in the bacterial adhesion and colonization. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the anti‐biofilm and anti‐bacterial activity of resveratrol and also study the effect of resveratrol on the expression of virulence factor genes of P. gingivalis using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The anti‐microbial and anti‐biofilm activity of resveratrol on P. gingivalis was carried out by broth microdilution assay and biofilm adhesion reduction–crystal violet assay, respectively. We carried out the gene expression analysis by RT‐PCR with the P. gingivalis treated compound to analyze the change in the expression of virulence factors: fimbriae and gingipain. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of resveratrol against P. gingivalis and other clinical strains are in the range of 78.12–156.25 μg/mL. Resveratrol dose‐dependently prevented the biofilm formation and also attenuated the virulence of P. gingivalis by reducing the expression of virulence factor genes such as fimbriae (type II and IV) and proteinases (kgp and rgpA). Resveratrol demonstrated superior anti‐bacterial and anti‐biofilm activity against P. gingivalis. There was significant reduction in the expression of fimbriae and gingipain with the resveratrol‐treated compound. The results suggest that resveratrol, due to its multiple actions, may become a simple and inexpensive therapeutic strategy for treating periodontal disease.
Sickle cell trait and renal disease among African American U.S. Army soldiers
Authors: Hu Jiaqi , Nelson D. Alan , Deuster Patricia A. , Marks Eric S. , O'Connor Francis G. , Kurina Lianne M. 
Published: March 2019

SummarySickle cell trait and certain renal disorders are disproportionately prevalent among African American individuals, so a clear understanding of their association is important. We conducted a longitudinal study using the Stanford Military Data Repository to examine sickle cell trait in relation to the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our study population consisted of African American U.S. Army soldiers on active duty between January 2011 and December 2014. The cumulative incidence was 0·51% for AKI (236 cases out of 45 901 soldiers) and 0·56% for CKD (255 cases out of 45 882 soldiers). Discrete time logistic regression models adjusting for demographic‐, military‐ and healthcare‐related covariates showed that sickle cell trait was associated with significantly higher adjusted odds of both AKI [odds ratio (OR): 1·74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1·17–2·59] and CKD (OR: 2·00; 95% CI: 1·39–2·88). Elevated odds of AKI and CKD were also observed in association with prior CKD and AKI, respectively, and with obesity and prior hypertension. Individuals with sickle cell trait and their providers should be aware of the possibility of increased risk of AKI and CKD to allow for timely intervention and possible prevention.
Whole‐exome sequencing revealed mutational profiles of giant cell glioblastomas
Authors: Shi Zhi‐feng , Li Kay Ka‐Wai , Kwan Johnny Sheung Him , Yang Rui Ryan , Aibaidula Abudumijiti , Tang Qisheng , Bao Yifeng , Mao Ying , Chen Hong , Ng Ho‐Keung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGiant cell glioblastoma (gcGBM) is a rare histological variant of GBM, accounting for about 1% of all GBM. The prognosis is poor generally though gcGBM does slightly better than the other IDH‐wild‐type GBM. Because of the rarity of the cases, there has been no comprehensive molecular analysis of gcGBM. Previously, single‐gene study identified genetic changes in TP53, PTEN and TERT promoter mutation in gcGBM. In this report, we performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) to identify somatically acquired mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) in 10 gcGBM genomes. We also examined TERT promoter mutation and MGMT methylation in our cohort. On top of the reported mutations, WES revealed ATRX, PIK3R1, RB1 and SETD2 as the recurrent mutations in gcGBM. Notably, one tumor harbored a mutation in MutS homolog 6 (MSH6) that is a key mismatch repair (MMR) gene. This tumor demonstrated hypermutation phenotype and showed an increased number of somatic mutations. TERT promoter mutation and MGMT methylation were observed in 20% and 40% of our samples, respectively. In conclusion, we described relevant mutation profiling for developing future targeted therapies in gcGBM.
Age at introduction to complementary solid food and food allergy and sensitization: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Burgess John A. , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Allen Katrina , Koplin Jennifer , Garcia‐Larsen Vanessa , Boyle Robert , Waidyatillake Nilakshi , Lodge Caroline J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackground and ObjectiveAn infant's age at introduction of complementary solids may contribute to food allergy. We aimed to synthesize the literature on the association between age at introduction of complementary solids, excluding milk products, and food allergy and sensitization.DesignWe searched the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE (January 1946‐February 2017) using solid food, allergy and sensitization terms.MethodsTwo authors selected papers according to inclusion criteria, identifying 16 cohort studies, 1 case‐control study and 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Pooled effects across studies were estimated using random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsCohort studies—Introducing complementary solids at age ≥ 4 months vs <4 months was not associated with food allergy (OR 1.22; 95% CI, 0.76‐1.96) but was associated with food sensitization (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.57‐2.38). First exposure from age 4 to 6 months vs <4 months was not associated with food allergy (OR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.64‐1.60) but was associated with food sensitization (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.55‐3.86).Randomized controlled trials—Egg exposure from age 4 months was associated with reduced egg allergy (OR 0.63, 95% CI, 0.44‐0.90) and sensitization (OR 0.76, 95% CI, 0.51‐0.95). Peanut exposure from age 4 months compared to delayed exposure was associated with reduced peanut allergy (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14‐0.57).ConclusionsWe found no evidence from observational studies that introducing solids before 4 months protected against food allergy, but there was evidence for protection against food sensitization. From RCTs, introducing egg from 4 to 6 months and peanut from 4 to 11 months reduced the risk of egg allergy, peanut allergy and egg sensitization.PROSPERO systematic review registry (CRD42016033473).
Evaluation of a novel oral mucosa in vitro implantation model for analysis of molecular interactions with dental abutment surfaces
Authors: Roffel Sanne , Wu Gang , Nedeljkovic Ivana , Meyer Michael , Razafiarison Tojo , Gibbs Susan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbutment surfaces are being designed to promote gingival soft tissue attachment and integration. This forms a seal around prosthetics and consequently ensures long‐term implant survival. New scalable and reproducible models are necessary to evaluate and quantify the performance of these surfaces.PurposeTo evaluate a novel implantation model by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical characterization of the interactions between human oral gingival tissue and titanium abutments with either novel anodized or conventional machined surface.Materials and MethodsAbutments were inserted into an organotypic reconstructed human gingiva (RHG) model consisting of differentiated gingival epithelium cells on a fibroblast populated lamina propria hydrogel following a tissue punch. Epithelial attachment, down‐growth along the abutment surface, and phenotype were assessed via histomorphology, scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry 10 days after implantation.ResultsThe down‐growing epithelium transitioned from a gingival margin to a sulcular and junctional epithelium. The sulcus depth and junctional epithelial length were similar to previously reported pre‐clinical and clinical lengths. A collagen IV/laminin 5 basement membrane formed between the epithelium and the underlying connective tissue. The RHG expanded in thickness approximately 2‐fold at the abutment surface. The model allowed the evaluation of protein expression of adhering soft tissue cells for both tested abutments.ConclusionsThe RHG model is the first in vitro 3D model to enable the assessment of not only human epithelial tissue attachment to dental abutments but also the expression of protein markers involved in soft tissue attachment and integration. The two abutments showed no noticeable difference in epithelial attachment.
Safety and efficacy of a novel, gradually anodized dental implant surface: A study in Yucatan mini pigs
Authors: Susin Cristiano , Finger Stadler Amanda , Musskopf Marta L. , de Sousa Rabelo Mariana , Ramos Umberto D. , Fiorini Tiago 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundA newly developed dental implant system combining advancements in surface chemistry, topography, nanostructure, color, and surface energy aims to address biological challenges and expand clinical applications.PurposeTo assess the short‐ and long‐term safety and efficacy of a novel, gradually anodized dental implant surface/anodized abutment.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four Yucatan mini pigs (20‐24 months old) received two dental implants in each jaw quadrant. Each site was randomized to receive either a commercially available anodized implant/machined abutment or a gradually anodized implant/anodized abutment with a protective layer. Animals were euthanized at 3, 6, and 13 weeks. Microcomputed tomography and histological analyses were performed.ResultsNo significant histological differences in inflammation scores, epithelium length, bone‐to‐implant contact, or bone density were observed between groups for any healing time. Mucosal height was significantly higher at 3 weeks for controls (Δ = 0.2 mm); no differences were observed at 6 and 13 weeks. No significant differences in radiographic bone volume, bone‐to‐implant contact, trabecular thickness, and crestal bone levels were observed, irrespective of healing time. Trabecular spacing was borderline significant at 3 weeks in favor of the test implant sites; no differences were observed at 6 weeks. No significant differences were observed between experimental groups at 13 weeks.ConclusionsThe new implant system yielded results comparable to a commercially available predicate device.
Shared genes between Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke
Authors: Wei Chang‐Juan , Cui Pan , Li He , Lang Wen‐Jing , Liu Gui‐You , Ma Xiao‐Feng 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAimsAlthough converging evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies indicates Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemic stroke (IS) are related, the genetic basis underlying their links is less well characterized. Traditional SNP‐based genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have failed to uncover shared susceptibility variants of AD and IS. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether pleiotropic genes existed between AD and IS to account for their phenotypic association, although this was not reported in previous studies.MethodsTaking advantage of large‐scale GWAS summary statistics of AD (17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls) and IS (10,307 IS cases and 19,326 controls), we performed gene‐based analysis implemented in VEGAS2 and Fisher's meta‐analysis of the set of overlapped genes of nominal significance in both diseases. Subsequently, gene expression analysis in AD‐ or IS‐associated expression datasets was conducted to explore the transcriptional alterations of pleiotropic genes identified.Results16 AD‐IS pleiotropic genes surpassed the cutoff for Bonferroni‐corrected significance. Notably, MS4A4A and TREM2, two established AD‐susceptibility genes showed remarkable alterations in the spleens and brains afflicted by IS, respectively. Among the prioritized genes identified by virtue of literature‐based knowledge, most are immune‐relevant genes (EPHA1, MS4A4A, UBE2L3 and TREM2), implicating crucial roles of the immune system in the pathogenesis of AD and IS.ConclusionsThe observation that AD and IS had shared disease‐associated genes offered mechanistic insights into their common pathogenesis, predominantly involving the immune system. More importantly, our findings have important implications for future research directions, which are encouraged to verify the involvement of these candidates in AD and IS and interpret the exact molecular mechanisms of action.
Local support for conservation is associated with perceptions of good governance, social impacts, and ecological effectiveness
Authors: Bennett Nathan J. , Di Franco Antonio , Calò Antonio , Nethery Elizabeth , Niccolini Federico , Milazzo Marco , Guidetti Paolo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLocal support is important for the longevity of conservation initiatives. The literature suggests that perceptions of ecological effectiveness, social impacts, and good governance will influence levels of local support for conservation. This paper examines these relationships using data from a survey of small‐scale fishermen in 11 marine protected areas from six countries in the Mediterranean Sea. The survey queried small‐scale fishermen regarding perceptions and support for conservation. We constructed composite scores for three categories of perceptions—ecological effectiveness, social impacts, and good governance—and tested the relationship with levels of support using ordinal regression models. While all three factors were positively correlated with support for conservation, perceptions of good governance and social impacts were stronger predictors of increasing support. These findings suggest that employing good governance processes and managing social impacts may be more important than ecological effectiveness for maintaining local support for conservation.
Hospital admissions and emergency department visits among kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Weeda Erin R. , Su Zemin , Taber David J. , Bian John , Morinelli Thomas A. , Pilch Nicole A. , Mauldin Patrick D. , DuBay Derek A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReducing acute care utilization is a means of improving long‐term patient outcomes. We sought to assess high inpatient (IP) admission and standalone emergency department (ED) utilization within a 9‐month period post‐kidney transplantation and to identify mutable factors to reduce utilization. In this ten‐year retrospective study, 1599 adult kidney transplant recipients were identified. A previous transplant, graft loss, or death within 3 months post‐transplantation excluded 319 patients. Comprehensive resource utilization data were obtained from a statewide database. Those with ≥2 IP admissions or standalone ED visits 4‐12 months post‐transplantation were classified as high utilizers. Multivariable logistic regression models were used for examining associations of predictors with high IP or ED utilization. Of 1280 kidney recipients, 209 and 183 were categorized as IP and ED high utilizers, respectively. Factors significantly associated with high IP utilization included valvular disease, body mass index ≥35, and IP or ED use <3 months post‐transplantation; while factors associated with high ED utilization included IP or ED use <3 months post‐transplantation, younger age, female, smoker, congestive heart failure, depression, and IP or ED use 1 year pre‐transplantation. Inpatient and standalone ED utilization within a 9‐month period after kidney transplantation is high and associated with sociodemographic factors, mutable comorbidities, and healthcare utilization.
Travel medicine, transplant tourism, and the solid organ transplant recipient—Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Buchan C. Arianne , Kotton Camille Nelson ,   the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Published: March 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review recommendations for prevention and management of travel‐related infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients as well as risks associated with transplant tourism. Counseling regarding travel post‐transplant should be included during the pre‐transplant evaluation, and all SOT recipients should be seen by a travel medicine specialist prior to traveling to destinations with higher rates of infection. Patients should be advised on vaccine‐preventable illnesses as well as any need for prophylaxis (ie, malaria) based on their individual travel itineraries. Information with regards to specific recommendations for vaccines and prophylactic medications, along with drug‐drug interactions, is summarized. Counseling should be provided for modifiable risks and exposures (ie, food and water safety, and insect bite prevention) as well as non‐infectious travel topics. These guidelines also briefly address risks associated with transplant tourism and specific infections to consider if patients seek care for transplants done in foreign countries.