bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Surgical Stabilization of Glenohumeral Dislocations with Clavicular Graft and Remplissage
Authors: Abrams Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2019

Surgical repair of the unstable shoulder begins with reattachment of the detached capsulolabral complex. The degree of damage to the glenohumeral articulation can be variable and is often related to the degree of trauma, duration of dislocation, and the number of instability events. There have been many surgical procedures proposed for the treatment of shoulder instability in the athlete, ranging from soft-tissue repair to coracoid transfer or the addition of a bone graft. The arthroscope provides an opportunity to visualize and repair the injured structures, returning the shoulder to maximal range of motion and permitting functional improvement.
Indications for arthroscopic anterior stabilization include a first-time dislocation, patients with apprehension following dislocation, and recurrent dislocation and subluxation prior to creating advanced bone loss. If there is advanced bone loss, an augmented repair or a procedure other than arthroscopic stabilization has been recommended. Mobilization of the anterior capsule and fixation to recreate the proper anterior tension will limit translation and potential recurrence of instability.
The steps of the arthroscopic anterior stabilization include:Perform examination under anesthesia to identify the directions and degree of humeral translation relative to the glenoid.Position the patient with the shoulder 30° abducted and 20° flexed.Create proper portals, including a posterior viewing portal, dual anterior portals, and accessory portals for suture anchor placement.Perform a diagnostic arthroscopy to determine the damaged structures and how they relate to shoulder positions that may invite future dislocations.Perform capsule and labrum mobilization to permit anatomic relocation of the injured ligament.Place a series of suture anchors along the anterior and inferior glenoid margin.Utilize suture hooks to retrieve the sutures placed through the capsule to advance the capsule superiorly to the glenoid margin.Assess glenoid deficiency and place an autograft anterior to the damaged glenoid rim in selected cases.Tenodese the posterior capsule and infraspinatus to a large Hill-Sachs lesion on the posterosuperior aspect of the humeral head in selected cases.Repair additional labral structures superiorly and posteriorly if they contribute to glenohumeral instability.

The anticipated outcome is a return to sport and high-demand activities. Bracing is available, but the internal repair is the most reliable technique to protect the glenohumeral articulation. Additional techniques can be implemented when added trauma has resulted in severe bone loss of the glenoid, humeral head, or anterior capsular structures. A return to high-risk activities can be anticipated in 4 to 7 months.
Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Pretreatment Weight Change in a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Fahey Margaret , Klesges Robert C. , Kocak Mehmet , Talcott Gerald W. , Krukowski Rebecca A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background. Three previous studies found that participants commonly experienced significant weight change before beginning a behavioral weight loss intervention. However, these findings are conflicting in regard to how pretreatment weight change is associated with eventual treatment outcome. Further, these studies measured weight loss outcomes only up to six-months. Thus, the current study aims to examine pretreatment weight change among a diverse sample of active duty military personnel engaged in a behavioral weight loss intervention. Additionally, this study will investigate potential sociodemographic characteristics that influence the relationship between pretreatment change and treatment outcome up to 12-months, as well as how pretreatment weight change is related to intervention adherence.

Methods. Using secondary analysis of data from a behavioral weight loss intervention, pretreatment (i.e., screening to baseline visit) weight categories [loss (> 1.15% decrease), stable, or gain (> 1.15% increase)] were compared to % weight change from both screening and baseline visits to four and 12-months.

Results. During pretreatment, 59.4% remained weight stable, 24.4% lost and 16.1% gained; and racial differences in group classification were found. In regression models, pretreatment weight categories did not predict baseline to four or 12-month outcomes; however, interactions with age were observed (p = 0.038; p = 0.051, respectively). Weight change category predicted screening to 4-month outcome (p = .0005); specifically, those who lost pretreatment weight were more likely to lose weight from screening to 4-months compared to those who gained or remained weight stable. Pretreatment weight loss was related to consuming more meal replacements by four (p = .025) and 12-months (p = .012) but was not associated with adherence to other intervention protocol.

Conclusions. Current results suggest that sociodemographic differences might influence pretreatment weight change and its relationship to 12-month treatment success. Given that many individuals (40.5%) in the current sample experienced significant weight change before the intervention, results extend previous findings suggesting that weight loss trials should account for both screening and baseline visit weights when examining treatment results.

Trial Registration: NCT02063178. Registered February 14, 2014. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02063178?term=dissemination+of+look+ahead&rank=1
Dependence of Colonization of the Large Intestine by Candida on the Treatment of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: KOWALSKA-DUPLAGA KINGA , KRAWCZYK AGNIESZKA , SROKA-OLEKSIAK AGNIESZKA , SALAMON DOMINIKA , WĘDRYCHOWICZ ANDRZEJ , FYDEREK KRZYSZTOF , GOSIEWSKI TOMASZ 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if there are quantitative differences in Candida fungi between pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease (before and after exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), and the biologic therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha – (IFX)), and healthy controls. DNA was isolated from fecal samples and PCR was used to determine the number of fungal cells. Both therapeutic interventions resulted in a statistically significant decrease in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index. The numbers of Candida decreased during both therapeutic intervention but the difference was statistically significant for the IFX intervention only (p = 0.045). Moreover, fungi population in both study groups declined during intervention when compared to the control group but the difference was significant before treatment only in the IFX group (p = 0.013). The total distribution of Candida with both IFX and EEN as well as in the control group differed significantly (p = 0.01) before treatment only. No correlation between the numbers of Candida and disease activity as well as the following biochemical parameters: serum iron concentration, protein or glucose level were found. It cannot be ruled out that, in combination with genetic and immunological disorders, fungi can contribute to the initiation of the disease process and perpetuation of active inflammation.
Chemical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Analysis of Organomineral Fertilizer Residue Recovered from an Oxisol
Authors: Rodrigo Sakurada L. , Muniz Antonio S. , Sato Franciele , Inoue Tadeu T. , Neto Antônio Medina , Batista Marcelo A. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
The joint use of analytical techniques helps us to better understand the characteristics and chemical processes that may influence the efficiency of fertilizers.
Differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques are helpful in capturing the differences in compounds and mineral presence in fertilizers before and after application to the soil.
Organomineral and inorganic fertilizers have different capacities to make P available in the soil.
Different methods of organomineral fertilizer production result in different capacities to provide P, so that the granulation process resulted in lower P solubility than the granule mixture.
Understanding the behavior of different organomineral phosphate fertilizers will help the delivery of available P to plants. We evaluated differences in the characteristics and P availability of granulated organomineral fertilizer (OG), an organomineral granule mixture (OM), and an inorganic granule mixture (MM) and their residues (OGr, OMr, and MMr, respectively) after four 35‐d cropping cycles. Soil‐available P content, X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and soluble P content analyses of the fertilizers and residues were performed. The OM soil had higher available P content after the crops than those with OG and MM. The OGr had the highest total P, water‐soluble P, and P soluble in neutral ammonium citrate and water and a more intense DSC peak related to the remaining monoammonium phosphate than OMr and MMr, indicating that OG had the highest capacity to provide P over time. The XRD and FTIR analyses showed the predominance of aluminum phosphates and the possible formation of low‐solubility compounds in all residues. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a change in the characteristics of the organic matter of OG and OM after application, indicating that these fertilizers have different solubilities and capacities to make P available. The granulation process of OG results in lower capacity to provide P than the granule mixture used for OM. The joint use of several analytical techniques helps clarify fertilizers' characteristics and the chemical processes that influence their efficiency and may be helpful for improving the management and manufacture of organomineral phosphate fertilizers.
High‐Severity Burning Increases Jack Pine Seedling Biomass Relative to Low‐Severity Prescribed Fires
Authors: Kranz Christina , Whitman Thea 
Published: March 2019

Core IdeasPrescribed fire did not affect jack pine seed germination or seedling establishment.Severely burned soil had 10‐fold the available P and significantly lower organic matter and higher pH.Jack pine seedlings produced about twice as much biomass in severely burned soil.Regional genetic differences in jack pine may alter seedling establishment.Within the state of Wisconsin, there is a gradient of serotiny inPinus banksianaLamb. (jack pine). With prescribed burning becoming more common in Wisconsin, understanding the dynamic and variable effects of burning on soil properties and their interactions with post‐fire plant communities is critical. Our objective was to isolate and examine how fire effects on soil properties affectP. banksianaseed germination and seedling growth and establishment. We investigated these effects in two pot experiments and an intact paired core experiment, maintained in a greenhouse for 19 to 24 wk. Soils from the O and A horizons were collected from Coon Fork Barrens, Eau Claire County, WI, before and after a prescribed fire, and O horizon soil was burned in the laboratory to mimic a high‐severity wildfire. In the intact core experiment, seed germination and seedling aboveground mass were not affected by prescribed burning. In the pot experiments, jack pine seedlings produced more biomass in laboratory‐burned soils than prescribed‐burned soils, and seedlings from northwest seed lots consistently had a higher frequency of establishment compared to those from central seed lots. For the low‐severity prescribed fire considered in this study, effects on measured soil properties were minimal, and did not result in any improvement to seedling establishment. For soil properties to play an important role in promoting jack pine seedling growth, hotter fires may be required, while lower‐severity fires will require other effects‐ such as seed release, changes to moisture dynamics, or competition‐ to affect jack pine germination and establishment.
Modeling the Impact of Biopores on Root Growth and Root Water Uptake
Authors: Landl Magdalena , Schnepf Andrea , Uteau Daniel , Peth Stephan , Athmann Miriam , Kautz Timo , Perkons Ute , Vereecken Harry , Vanderborght Jan 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
A 3D soil–root model was used to investigate root–biopore interactions.
Known effects of biopores on root growth, i.e., increased root length and depth were reproduced.
Despite reducing root–soil contact, biopores led to increased water uptake in dry periods.
Biopores had a larger impact on water uptake for more compact and less conductive soils.
Roots are known to use biopores as preferential growth pathways to overcome hard soil layers and access subsoil water resources. This study evaluates root–biopore interactions at the root‐system scale under different soil physical and environmental conditions using a mechanistic simulation model and extensive experimental field data. In a field experiment, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown on silt loam with a large biopore density. X‐ray computed tomography scans of soil columns from the field site were used to provide a realistic biopore network as input for the three‐dimensional numerical R‐SWMS model, which was then applied to simulate root architecture as well as water flow in the root–biopore–soil continuum. The model was calibrated against observed root length densities in both the bulk soil and biopores by optimizing root growth model input parameters. By implementing known interactions between root growth and soil penetration resistance into our model, we could simulate root systems whose response to biopores in the soil corresponded well to experimental observations described in the literature, such as increased total root length and increased rooting depth. For all considered soil physical (soil texture and bulk density) and environmental conditions (years of varying dryness), we found biopores to substantially mitigate transpiration deficits in times of drought by allowing roots to take up water from wetter and deeper soil layers. This was even the case when assuming reduced root water uptake in biopores due to limited root–soil contact. The beneficial impact of biopores on root water uptake was larger for more compact and less conductive soils.
Deep tunnel sewerage system phase 2 – hydraulics
Authors: Brocard D. , Gan S. J. , Koh L. Y. , Tan T. W. , Cox W. I. , Schellhase T. , Woo L. L. , Lo S. H. , Cheng S. , Loh S. H. , Perumal V. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) is aimed at providing a robust and efficient means of catering to Singapore's used-water needs. DTSS2 is the second phase of this project, comprising an approximately 30-km long South Tunnel, a 10-km long Industrial Tunnel, 60-km of Link Sewers and a new Water Reclamation Plant integrated with a NEWater facility. In contrast with tunnels designed to store overflows in combined sewer systems, the DTSS tunnels convey used-water all the time from Singapore's separated system. This paper describes hydraulic analyses that were conducted during the feasibility study and preliminary design. The topics covered include hydraulic modelling of the entire system with the main goal of ensuring system resilience, air management to avoid odours at ground level, and isolation of tunnel section using gates for potential maintenance or repair. The resilience analyses concentrated on the system functionality in case of a failure, to ensure that used-water can be safely conveyed to a treatment plant. The air management system included several odour control facilities and air jumpers to avoid escape of odorous air from the system and the isolation gates requires detailed hydraulic analyses to cater to the high heads involved.
Comparison of the Aditus ad Antrum Diameter on CT between Patients with Chronic Otitis Media and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Gündoğdu Elif , Toprak Uğur 
Published: March 2019

Background:The middle ear cavity is ventilated through the aditus ad antrum. Aditus blockage contributes to the pathology of otitis media.Objective:To determine the normal values of the aditus ad antrum diameter on computed tomography and to investigate its relationship with chronic otitis media and related pathologies (tympanosclerosis and myringosclerosis).Methods:The temporal CT images of 162 individuals were evaluated retrospectively. In the axial sections, the inner diameter of the aditus was measured at the narrowest point at the cortex. The differences in diameter were compared between diseased and healthy ears.Results:In healthy individuals, the diameter was narrower in women. There was no difference between the right and left ears in healthy subjects. No correlation was found between age and diameter. In male patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter was slightly narrower on both sides but more marked on the left. In female patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter in both ears was slightly narrower. In cases of otitis media and tympanosclerosis, the diameter was less than that of healthy individuals, despite the lack of statistically significant result in all cases.Conclusion:The aditus ad antrum was narrower in diseased ears, indicating that a blocked aditus may contribute to the development of otitis media, as well as mucosal diseases.
Fast Measure of Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity Defocus Curves with an iPad Application
Authors: Fernández Joaquín , Rodríguez-Vallejo Manuel , Tauste Ana , Albarrán César , Basterra Iñaki , Piñero David 
Published: March 2019

Objective:To evaluate the repeatability of the fast measurement of the visual acuity (VADC) and contrast sensitivity (CSDC) defocus curves with a new test as well as the agreement of measurements at far distance obtained with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart and the ClinicCSF test for measuring Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF).Method:Records from fifty-nine subjects implanted with Multifocal Intraocular Lenses (MIOLs) were retrieved from our database. VADC and CSDC were measured from +1.00 D to -4.00 D in 0.50 D steps. The agreement with the ETDRS and the CSF at far distance was assessed in comparison to the 0 D location of the VADC and the CSDC, respectively. The repeatability was evaluated in 34 subjects who consecutively repeated two measures.Results:Median Visual Acuity (VA) was -0.1 logMAR with the VADC at 0 D of defocus and 0 logMAR with the ETDRS (p>0.05). A total of 45.8% of eyes showed no differences between both tests and the difference was less than one line of VA in 96.6% of the eyes. The intrasubject repeatability was under one line of VA along all the defocus curve except for positive defocus levels. The CSDC showed the best agreement with the CSF for 18 cycles per degree. The CSDC was less repeatable than VADC. Mean time spent on completing the VADC and CSDC was 7.81 and 7.98 minutes, respectively.Conclusion:The VADC showed good agreement with the ETDRS and good repeatability despite the short testing time. In contrast, poorer repeatability was found for CSDC. Our method would facilitate the inclusion of VADC in clinical practice as it is a fast test, being also the first one including the measure of CSDC.
Home Based Management of Uncomplicated P. falciparum Malaria in Children Below Five Years in Delta State
Authors: Arute John Edjophe , Odili Valentine Uche 
Published: March 2019

Background: The world health organization (WHO) estimates that every 45 seconds an African child dies of malaria while several others lay ill. Also, studies have shown that home-based management of malaria could improve prompt access to antimalarial medications for African children.
Objective: This study aimed at assessing the home based management practices among care givers of children below five years in Delta State.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey used to assess the home based management practices of malaria in children under age five. 459 consenting Caregivers of children under five (6 to 59 months) were purposively selected from different churches during Sundays and Wednesdays midweek services through balloting from two communities in Central and North Senatorial Districts of Delta State (Oghara and Obiaruku). Prior to the commencement of the study, the caregivers were thoroughly counselled on the objectives of the study, and a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for administration in English, Urhobo and Ukwuani languages.
Results: The study revealed that 86.93% respondents have good knowledge of malaria, and 60% commenced treatment within 24hrs. It also showed that 58.4% preferred anti-malarial combination therapies with arthemether-lumefantrine combination accounting for 34.0% drug options. Drug sources for home based malaria management were mainly from Pharmacy 40.5%, Drug sellers such as chemist 55.1% while information sources on choice of therapy and dosage were mainly from chemist 32.7%; health personnel 25.7%; neighbours 7.5% and self-based on previous experience 36.6%.
Conclusion: The study revealed very good knowledge of malaria and good management practices as well as good treatment seeking behaviours amongst the caregivers.
Color Vision Deficiency in Medical Students in Jammu & Kashmir, India
Authors: Nazeer Masarat , Bashir Snobar , Rafiq Nadeema 
Published: March 2019

Non recognition of any of the three colors is known as color blindness. Color blindness is the commonly used term for deficiency of color vision. Word color blindness is a misnomer as anyone labeled as it, is extremely rare to be totally color blind hence more correctly called color vision deficiencies (CVD). Color vision is a function of three types of cone pigments present in retina. The incidence of Color vision deficiency is common in medical profession and affects the diagnosis and treatment of patients but still it remains the most neglected aspect of vision. Color is very important sign used in medical profession, but there is no effective screening for Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) at any level of medical profession. The present study was undertaken to find out CVD in medical students of Government medical college Srinagar.
Material and Method: A total of 300 medical students (MBBS, BDS, NURSING) including 154 males and 146 females between 18-20 years of age were examined for CVD in Medical College using Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates. After taking history on structured proforma the students were shown Ishihara’s test plates under day light at normal reading distance.
Results: Among 154 males, 11 were color deficient (7.14%), and among 146 females, 1 (0.68%) had color vision deficiency. Deutranomalia (41.6%) was the most common type of CVD followed by Protanomalia (25%) then Protanopia (16.7%) and Deutranopia (16.7%), respectively.
Conclusions: With this high incidence of color vision deficiency, students with CVD may feel difficulty in day-today practice in medical field. So, screening for CVD in medical students at the time of admission is very important which may help in early management of CVD and with timely counseling proper adaptive strategies can be adopted.