bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of success for combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in a North American setting: a Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network study
Authors: Riva-Cambrin Jay , Kestle John R. W. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Naftel Robert P. , Alvey Jessica S. , Reeder Ron W. , Holubkov Richard , Browd Samuel R. , Cochrane D. Douglas , Limbrick David D. , Shannon Chevis N. , Simon Tamara D. , Tamber Mandeep S. , Wellons John C. , Whitehead William E. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , _ _ 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVEEndoscopic third ventriculostomy combined with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV+CPC) has been adopted by many pediatric neurosurgeons as an alternative to placing shunts in infants with hydrocephalus. However, reported success rates have been highly variable, which may be secondary to patient selection, operative technique, and/or surgeon training. The objective of this prospective multicenter cohort study was to identify independent patient selection, operative technique, or surgical training predictors of ETV+CPC success in infants.METHODSThis was a prospective cohort study nested within the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network’s (HCRN) Core Data Project (registry). All infants under the age of 2 years who underwent a first ETV+CPC between June 2006 and March 2015 from 8 HCRN centers were included. Each patient had a minimum of 6 months of follow-up unless censored by an ETV+CPC failure. Patient and operative risk factors of failure were examined, as well as formal ETV+CPC training, which was defined as traveling to and working with the experienced surgeons at CURE Children’s Hospital of Uganda. ETV+CPC failure was defined as the need for repeat ETV, shunting, or death.RESULTSThe study contained 191 patients with a primary ETV+CPC conducted by 17 pediatric neurosurgeons within the HCRN. Infants under 6 months corrected age at the time of ETV+CPC represented 79% of the cohort. Myelomeningocele (26%), intraventricular hemorrhage associated with prematurity (24%), and aqueductal stenosis (17%) were the most common etiologies. A total of 115 (60%) of the ETV+CPCs were conducted by surgeons after formal training. Overall, ETV+CPC was successful in 48%, 46%, and 45% of infants at 6 months, 1 year, and 18 months, respectively. Young age (< 1 month) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.6) and an etiology of post–intraventricular hemorrhage secondary to prematurity (aHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.6) were the only two independent predictors of ETV+CPC failure. Specific subgroups of ages within etiology categories were identified as having higher ETV+CPC success rates. Although training led to more frequent use of the flexible scope (p < 0.001) and higher rates of complete (> 90%) CPC (p < 0.001), training itself was not independently associated (aHR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7–1.8; p = 0.63) with ETV+CPC success.CONCLUSIONSThis is the largest prospective multicenter North American study to date examining ETV+CPC. Formal ETV+CPC training was not found to be associated with improved procedure outcomes. Specific subgroups of ages within specific hydrocephalus etiologies were identified that may preferentially benefit from ETV+CPC.
Unruptured intracranial aneurysms in children: 18 years’ experience in a tertiary care pediatric institution
Authors: Bisson Daniel-Alexandre , Dirks Peter , Amirabadi Afsaneh , Shroff Manohar M. , Krings Timo , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Muthusami Prakash 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVEThere are little data in the literature on the characteristics and natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in children. The authors analyzed their experience with unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the pediatric population at their tertiary care pediatric institution over the last 18 years. The first objective was to assess the imaging characteristics and natural history of these aneurysms in order to help guide management strategies in the future. A second objective was to evaluate the frequency of an underlying condition when an incidental intracranial aneurysm was detected in a child.METHODSThe authors conducted a Research Ethics Board–approved retrospective review of incidental intracranial aneurysms in patients younger than 18 years of age who had been treated at their institution in the period from 1998 to 2016. Clinical (age, sex, syndrome) and radiological (aneurysm location, type, size, thrombus, mass effect) data were recorded. Follow-up imaging was assessed for temporal changes.RESULTSSixty intracranial aneurysms occurred in 51 patients (36 males, 15 females) with a mean age of 10.5 ± 0.5 years (range 9 months–17 years). Forty-five patients (88.2%) had a single aneurysm, while 2 and 3 aneurysms were found in 3 patients each (5.8%). Syndromic association was found in 22 patients (43.1%), most frequently sickle cell disease (10/22 [45.5%]). Aneurysms were saccular in 43 cases (71.7%; mean size 5.0 ± 5.7 mm) and fusiform in the remaining 17 (28.3%; mean size 6.5 ± 2.7 mm). Thirty-one aneurysms (51.7%) arose from the internal carotid artery (right/left 1.4), most commonly in the cavernous segment (10/31 [32.3%]). Mean size change over the entire follow-up of 109 patient-years was a decrease of 0.6 ± 4.2 mm (range −30.0 to +4.0 mm, rate −0.12 ± 9.9 mm/yr). Interval growth (2.0 ± 1.0 mm) was seen in 8 aneurysms (13.3%; 4 saccular, 4 fusiform). An interval decrease in size (8.3 ± 10.7 mm) was seen in 6 aneurysms (10%). There was an inverse relationship between aneurysm size and growth rate (r = −0.82, p < 0.00001). One aneurysm was treated endovascularly with internal carotid artery sacrifice.CONCLUSIONSUnruptured pediatric intracranial aneurysms are most frequently single but can occur in multiples in a syndromic setting. None of the cases from the study period showed clinical or imaging signs of rupture. Growth over time, although unusual and slow, can occur in a proportion of these patients, who should be identified for short-term imaging surveillance.
Management of pediatric patients with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation: transoral anterior release, reduction, and fixation
Authors: Zhu Changrong , Wang Jianhua , Wu Zenghui , Ma Xiangyang , Ai Fuzhi , Xia Hong 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVEAlthough transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) surgery has been confirmed to be safe and effective for adults who have irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD) with or without basilar invagination or upper cervical revision surgery, it is rarely used to treat these disorders in children. The authors of this study aimed to report on the use of the anterior technique in treating pediatric IAAD.METHODSIn this retrospective study, the authors identified 8 consecutive patients with IAAD who had undergone surgical reduction at a single institution in the period between January 2011 and June 2104. The patients consisted of 5 males and 3 females. Three had os odontoideum, 2 had basilar invagination, and the other 3 experienced atlantoaxial rotatory fixed dislocation (AARFD). They were all treated using transoral anterior release, reduction, and fusion with the TARP. Preoperative and postoperative CT scans and MR images were obtained. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale grades were determined.RESULTSAll symptoms were relieved in all 8 patients but to varying degrees. Intraoperative loose reduction and fixation of C1–2 were achieved in one stage. The 4 patients with preoperative neurological deficits were significantly improved after surgery, and their latest follow-ups indicated that their ASIA Impairment Scale grades had improved to E. Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 1 patient but was under complete control after anti-infective therapy and fiber optic–guided sputum suction.CONCLUSIONSOne-stage transoral anterior release, reduction, and fixation is an effective, reliable, and safe means of treating pediatric IAAD. The midterm clinical results are satisfactory, with the technique eliminating the need for interval traction and/or second-stage posterior instrumentation and fusion.
Morphometric changes at the craniocervical junction during childhood
Authors: Bapuraj Jayapalli Rajiv , Bruzek Amy K. , Tarpeh Jamaal K. , Pelissier Lindsey , Garton Hugh J. L. , Anderson Richard C. E. , Nan Bin , Ma Tianwen , Maher Cormac O. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVECurrent understanding of how the pediatric craniocervical junction develops remains incomplete. Measurements of anatomical relationships at the craniocervical junction can influence clinical and surgical decision-making. The purpose of this analysis was to quantitatively define clinically relevant craniocervical junction measurements in a population of children with CT scans that show normal anatomy.METHODSA total of 1458 eligible patients were identified from children between 1 and 18 years of age who underwent cervical spine CT scanning at a single institution. Patients were separated by both sex and age in years into 34 groups. Following this, patients within each group were randomly selected for inclusion until a target of 15 patients in each group had been reached. Each patient underwent measurement of the occipital condyle–C1 interval (CCI), pB–C2, atlantodental interval (ADI), basion-dens interval (BDI), basion-opisthion diameter (BOD), basion-axial interval (BAI), dens angulation, and canal diameter at C1. Mean values were calculated in each group. Each measurement was performed by two teams and compared for intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).RESULTSThe data showed that CCI, ADI, BDI, and dens angulation decrease in magnitude throughout childhood, while pB–C2, PADI, BAI, and BOD increase throughout childhood, with an ICC of fair to good (range 0.413–0.912). Notably, CCI decreases continuously on coronal CT scans, whereas on parasagittal CT scans, CCI does not decrease until after age 9, when it shows a continuous decline similar to measurements on coronal CT scans.CONCLUSIONSThese morphometric analyses establish parameters for normal pediatric craniocervical spine growth for each year of life up to 18 years. The data should be considered when evaluating children for potential surgical intervention.
“YİNE / GENE” SÖZCÜĞÜ ÜZERİNE
Authors: ŞİMŞEK UMAÇ Zeynep 
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmada
Türkçede kullanım sıklığı oldukça yüksek olan, günümüz Türkiye Türkçesine “yine
/ gene” şeklinde gelmiş sözcükler üzerinde durulmuştur. “Giriş” bölümünde, bu
sözcüklerin anlamları verilmiş, “Yöntem” bölümünden sonra “Bulgular” bölümünde
sözcüklerin tarihi edebî metinlerdeki görünümü seçilen metinlerden yola
çıkılarak örneklendirilmiştir. “Değerlendirme” bölümünde ise çalışmanın temel
problemi olan sorulara cevap aranmıştır.
Ortaya atılan sorular ve bulunan sonuçlar kısaca şöyledir:

1.
Günümüzde kullanılan “yine, gene” ve tarihi dönemlerde karşımıza çıkan “yime/
yeme” şekli aynı sözcüğün ses değişimlerine uğramış şekilleri midir yoksa
farklı kökene ait sözcükler midir?&nbsp;

-Bu
sözcüklerin farklı kökenlerinin bulunduğu kaynaklarla ortaya konmuştur.

2.
Bu sözcüklerin kullanım ve yayılma alanları nelerdir?

-“Yine”
sözcüğünün yayılma alanı küçük ses değişiklikleriyle bütün Türk dünyası
olurken, “gene” Batı Türkçesine ait bir şekil olarak tespit edilmiştir.

3.
Bu sözcükler cümlede hangi görevde kullanılagelmişlerdir? Sözcük türü olarak
nasıl adlandırılmalıdır?

-Cümlede
içerisinde yaygın olarak zarf görevinde kullanılmış ancak cümle başı edatı
olarak kullanımı da açıklamaya değer bir alan oluşturmuştur.

“Sonuç” kısmında
da Değerlendirmeler bölümünde elde edilen veriler özetlenmiştir.
Models of organizing research data storage and usage: basic principles, processes and implementation mechanisms
Authors: Shokin Yu. I. , Yurchenko A. V. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:Storage and usage of research data become more sophisticated as their quantity and diversity grow. Research data have a number of features which do not allow you to copy the approaches and tools used in commercial or governmental data-processing facilities. Providing researchers with specialized tools for working with data is an urgent task in research management.Purpose:Identifying and describing the basic principles for working with research data, the processes and stages of this work, the mechanisms for implementing the principles and solving the problems of organizing the storage and usage of research data.Results:We review and discuss the principles on which the storage and usage of research data can be based, including the FAIR Data Principles. The main goal of organizing the work with research data and the central focus of its principles is the effective use and reuse of this data. We present a hierarchy of mechanisms which can be applied when working with research data for solving scientific and organizational problems. The main processes and lifecycle stages of scientific data and research processes based on them are listed in the article. A number of well-known models of such lifecycles are considered. It is proposed, instead of trying to build a universal model, to use or create models based on the presented list of stages for specific cases or classes of data-driven research.Practical relevance:The hierarchy of concept classes developed in the work for the field “Organizing the storage and usage of scientific data” will be used as an ontology core, and for the development of regulatory documents, recommendations and information systems supporting data-driven research.
Models of decision support in socio-cyber-physical systems
Authors: Smirnov A. V. , Levashova T. V. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Socio-cyber-physical systems are complex non-linear systems. Such systems display emergent properties. Involvement of humans, as a part of these systems, in the decision-making process contributes to overcoming the consequences of the emergent system behavior, since people can use their experience and intuition, not just the programmed rules and procedures.Purpose: Development of models for decision support in socio-cyber-physical systems.Results: A scheme of decision making in socio-cyber-physical systems, a conceptual framework of decision support in these systems, and stepwise decision support models have been developed. The decision-making scheme is that cybernetic components make their decisions first, and if they cannot do this, they ask humans for help. The stepwise models support the decisions made by components of socio-cyber-physical systems at the conventional stages of the decision-making process: situation awareness, problem identification, development of alternatives, choice of a preferred alternative, and decision implementation. The application of the developed models is illustrated through a scenario for planning the execution of a common task for robots.Practical relevance: The developed models enable you to design plans on solving tasks common for system components or on achievement of common goals, and to implement these plans. The models contribute to overcoming the consequences of the emergent behavior of socio-cyber-physical systems, and to the research on machine learning and mobile robot control.
Nested code sequences of Barker — Mersenne — Raghavarao
Authors: Sergeev M. B. , Nenashev V. A. , Sergeev A. M. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The problem of noise-free encoding for an open radio channel is of great importance for data transfer. The results presented in this paper are aimed at stimulating scientific interest in new codes and bases derived from quasi-orthogonal matrices, as a basis for the revision of signal processing algorithms.Purpose: Search for new code sequences as combinations of codes formed from the rows of Mersenne and Raghavarao quasi-orthogonal matrices, as well as complex and more efficient Barker — Mersenne — Raghavarao codes.Results: We studied nested code sequences derived from the rows of quasi-orthogonal cyclic matrices of Mersenne, Raghavarao and Hadamard, providing estimates for the characteristics of the autocorrelation function of nested Barker, Mersenne and Raghavarao codes, and their combinations: in particular, the ratio between the main peak and the maximum positive and negative “side lobes”. We have synthesized new codes, including nested ones, formed on the basis of quasi-orthogonal matrices with better characteristics than the known Barker codes and their nested constructions. The results are significant, as this research influences the establishment and development of methods for isolation, detection and processing of useful information. The results of the work have a long aftermath because new original code synthesis methods need to be studied, modified, generalized and expanded for new application fields.Practical relevance: The practical application of the obtained results guarantees an increase in accuracy of location systems, and detection of a useful signal in noisy background. In particular, these results can be used in radar systems with high distance resolution, when detecting physical objects, including hidden ones.
Molecular Biomarkers of Response to PD-1/ PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Advanced Bladder Cancer
Authors: Tu Megan M. , Ng Terry L. , De Jong Florus C. , Zuiverloon Tahlita C.M. , Fazzari Francesco G.T. , Theodorescu Dan 
Published: June 2019

Background: The activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer (BC) is promising for many patients. However, a subset of patients do not benefit from treatment, thus leading to an effort to better identify predictive molecular biomarkers of response. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on predictive molecular biomarkers associated with response to PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced bladder cancer, defined as locally-advanced, unresectable, or metastatic (mBC) disease. Methods: A search of the literature was performed using Embase (1947 – January 2019), Medline (1946 – January 2019), and EBM Reviews for Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (as of December 2018). Studies examining the association of molecular biomarkers with clinical outcome in BC treated with PD-1 or PD-L1 monotherapy were included. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, and objective response rate (ORR). Results: Using the study search criteria, 899 unique abstract citations were found, of which 834 did not meet the eligibility criteria. Full text of the remaining 65 citations were screened, and 50 studies excluded, including 18 review articles. Eight additional studies from the bibliography of the review papers were included, making a total of 23 studies. Five PD-1 / PD-L1 antibodies have been tested in BC immunohistochemistry (IHC). These studies used different expression scoring criteria and generally had poor ability to discriminate likelihood for response. Overall, the data suggests CD8+ T cell infiltration is necessary to mediate an antitumor immune response, but other immune cell populations, such as neutrophils may suppress T cell-mediated immunity and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. An IFN γ signature is a promising predictor, but there needs to be consensus on the optimal gene panel composition, and prospective validation. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is a promising predictor in six studies reporting on 1200 patients, but there is not a consensus on the optimal definition of “high TMB”. Detection of T cell receptor (TCR) clonal expansion has only been conducted in small studies and so its predictive value remains inconclusive. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) are associated with poor prognosis and possibly intrinsic resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade, but more work needs to be done to build upon and confirm the initial findings. Conclusions: Currently no molecular biomarker is sufficiently mature for routine clinical use, while some candidates, or a combination show great promise and need further study.
Antagonistic effects of phenolic extracts of Chokeberry pomace on E. coli O157: H7 but not on probiotic and normal bacterial flora
Authors: Aditya Arpita , Alvarado-Martinez Zabdiel , Nagarajan Vinod , Peng Mengfei , Biswas Debabrata 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is still a major foodborne bacterial infectious agent in the USA and causes both diarrheal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). As antibiotic therapy is not an option, appropriate antimicrobial or inhibitor against EHEC colonization/infections is urgently needed. OBJECTIVE: Develop an appropriate natural antimicrobial and stimulate host defense to control foodborne illnesses with EHEC. METHOD: We investigated the role of chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa) pomace (byproducts) extract (CPE) on growth and survival of EHEC EDL-933, probiotics specifically Lactobacillus, and other common gut bacterial flora including Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis. We also tested the effects of CPE on physicochemical properties, host cells-EHEC interactions, and expression of various virulence genes of EHEC. RESULTS: The growth of EHEC EDL-933 was reduced by 4 logs in the presence of 0.5 mg GAE/mL CPE at 5 hr while this concentration promoted the growth of Lactobacillus and common gut bacterial flora, S. thermophillus, E. faealis and B. subtilis. The abilities of EHEC to attach and invade host intestinal epithelial (INT-407) cells were also reduced significantly ( p < 0.05) which was supported by alternation physiological properties of EHEC and virulence genes expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CPE has the potential to be an effective therapeutic/preventive for EHEC EDL-933 without affecting the common gut microflora and probiotics.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Missed Opportunities Vaksinasi Program Pengembangan Imunisasi (PPI) pada Anak Berusia Kurang dari Tiga Tahun di Kecamatan Sukarame Palembang
Authors: Amalia Almira Nur , Iriani Yulia , Lestari Hertanti Indah 
Published: June 2019

Segala kontak dengan pelayanan kesehatan dimana anak tetap tidak mendapatkan vaksinasi yang dibutuhkan padahal anak tersebut memenuhi syarat untuk divaksinasi disebut missed opportunities vaksinasi (MOV). MOV terbukti menjadi salah satu penyebab rendahnya cakupan imunisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya MOV di Kecamatan Sukarame sebagai salah satu kecamatan di Kota Palembang dengan cakupan imunisasi rendah. Penelitian dengan model potong lintang dilakukan di pelayanan kesehatan primer milik pemerintah di Kecamatan Sukarame. Dilakukan wawancara pada 134 orang tua/wali dari anak yang berusia kurang dari 3 tahun yang datang ke pelayanan kesehatan. Kartu imunisasi dilihat untuk menentukan status imunisasi anak. Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya MOV dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu orang tua, petugas kesehatan, dan sistem imunisasi. Uji chi-square digunakan untuk analisis statistik. Didapatkan 71(53%) anak berstatus imunisasi lengkap sesuai jadwal, 42 (31,3%) lengkap tidak sesuai jadwal, 15 (11,2%) tidak lengkap, dan 6 (4,5%) belum pernah mendapatkan imunisasi. Lima puluh satu (38,1%) mengalami missed opportunities yang berkaitan dengan faktor sistem imunisasi (47%) dan faktor petugas kesehatan (43%). Anak dengan orang tua yang tidak memiliki akses ke media informasi lebih banyak mengalami missed opportunity dibanding orang tua yang memiliki akses [RP : 2,57(IK95%:1,475-4,431)]. Lebih dari sepertiga anak mengalami MOV. Faktor terbesar yang mempengaruhi MOV adalah sistem imunisasi dan petugas kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan sistem imunisasi dan pelatihan tentang imunisasi secara berkala perlu dilakukan agar dapat meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi.