bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inovacijų vystymo prioritetai Ukrainos įmonėse
Authors: Miroshnychenko Olga 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje pateikiama kategorijos „inovacija“ traktuotė ir apibūdinami inovacijų tipai. Inovacijos yra esminis veiksnys, lemiantis nacionalinės ekonomikos konkurencingumą, šiuolaikinių įmonių konkurencinį pranašumą. Straipsnis apima Ukrainos įmonių inovacinio potencialo tyrimo rezultatus, inovatyvios veiklos Ukrainoje rodiklius ir jų lyginamąją analizę su Europos Sąjungos šalimis; aptariama inovatyvių įmonių dalis, inovatyvių įmonių santykis pagal inovacijų tipus, inovacinės veiklos išlaidų struktūra. Pateikiamas Ukrainos reitingas pagal globalaus konkurencingumo indekso ir inovacijų indekso dedamąsias. Aptariami esminiai Ukrainos įmonių inovacijų vystymo aspektai.

Priorities for innovation development of Ukrainian enterprisesOlga Miroshnychenko
SummaryThe definitions of the category “innovation” and types of innovation are being considered in the article. Innovations are crucial for the competiveness of a national economy. Today, they are the main competitive advantage of modern enterprises. A research of the innovation potential of Ukrainian enterprises has been done. The paper includes indicators of innovation activity in Ukraine and their comparison with those of the EU member states: proportion of innovative enterprises, share of enterprises with adopted innovations by the type of innovation, expenditures on research and development. The international position of Ukraine by elements of the Global Competitiveness Index, the sub-index of innovation and its elements has been considered. The paper answers the question of the key aspects of innovation development of Ukrainian enterprises.Key words: innovations, innovation activity, innovation potential, enterprise, Ukraine
Inovacijų strategijos organizacijose: tipai ir raiška
Authors: Stankevičė Inga 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnio tikslas – remiantis įmonių inovacijų strategijų tipų analize nustatyti, kurios inovacijų strategijos yra labiausiai būdingos pereinamosios ekonomikos šalims. Empiriniam tyrimui atlikti remtasi 2008 metų Visuomenės inovacijų tyrimo (angl. Community Innovation Survey)1 mikrolygmens duomenimis. Duomenys apima beveik 128 tūkst. organizacijų inovacines veiklas (pvz., MTEP, įrengimų įsigijimas, žinių įsigijimas, personalo mokymai), inovacijų tipus (pvz., produkto, proceso, organizacijos, marketingo), inovacijų tikslus (pvz., pagerinti tarpusavio komunikaciją, užimti naują rinką, padidinti gamybinį pajėgumą, padidinti lankstumą, greičiau atsakyti į klientų poreikius), inovacijų pobūdį (pvz., inovacijos, plėtotos įmonėje bendradarbiaujant ar imituojant; produktas naujas rinkai ar įmonei). Analizuota 60 inovacinę veiklą apibūdinančių kintamųjų, taip pat tyrime naudotas organizacijų veiklos sektorius nusakantis kintamasis bei įmonių konkurencingumo rodikliai. Nustatyti šeši inovacijų strategijų tipai, jų raiškos šešiolikoje Europos valstybių, strategijų sektoriniai reprezentatyvumai ir sąryšiai su įmonių konkurencingumu. Galiausiai pagrįsta, kokios inovacijų strategijos ir kodėl yra labiausiai būdingos pereinamosios ekonomikos šalims.Reikšminiai žodžiai: inovacijų strategija, įmonės konkurencingumas, pereinamoji ekonomika, ūkio sektorius.Organization-level innovation strategies: types and extentInga Stankevičė

SummaryThe paper is aimed at the identification of innovation strategies that are most typical of transition economies. For the investigation of innovation strategies, Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2008 microdata from 16 European countries, collected by Eurostat, were used. The data include innovation activities (e. g. R&D, acquisition of machinery equipment or external knowledge, training, etc.), types of innovations (e.g. product, process, organisational, marketing, etc.), objectives of innovating (e. g. to improve communication and information sharing, to increase production capacity or flexibility, to enter new markets, etc.), innovation complexion (e. g. developed by the enterprise or enterprise group or developed other enterprises and/or institutions; product new-to market or new-to firm, etc.). The analysis includes 60 such vari­ables; in addition, the variable that describes the sectoral embeddedness was used, and two firm competitiveness indicators were also employed. Six innovation strategies were identified, as well as their extents in 16 European countries, their sec­toral coverage and their linkages with firm com­petitiveness. Ultimately, it is substantiated which innovation strategies and why are most typical of transition economies.Keywords: innovation strategy, firm competi­tiveness, transition economy, industrial sector.
GAYA HIDUP REMAJA DI KOTA MANADO: SUATU KAJIAN FENOMENOLOGIS
Authors: Umbase Ruth S. 
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis gaya hidup remaja dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Metode Kualitatif jenis fenomenologis. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada tahun 2014 pada remaja di Kota Manado. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan remaja di Kota Manado memiliki gaya hidup modern dengan lima kategori yaitu gaya hidup remaja modern yang mencakup (1) modern dan religius; (2) modern agak religius cenderung sekuler; (3) modern - sekuler dan hedonis; (4) modern - sangat sekuler dan hedonis; (5) modern – sangat sekuler dan hedonis-anarkhis; Gaya hidup tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor determinan baik internal maupun eksternal. Faktor internal mencakup tingkat kematangan usia, fisik dan psikis serta tingkat kecerdasan intelektual, emosional dan spiritual; sedangkan eksternal mencakup pola pengasuhan orang tua/keluarga, lingkungan, pola pergaulan, pola adopsi nilai budaya popular (popular culture), kondisi sosial ekonomi, media sosial/media massa, sekularisme dan sistem pendidikan formal. Oleh sebab itu disarankan kepada semua pihak yang bertanggungjawab untuk menangani masalah-masalah remaja agar segera melakukan tindakan-tindakan preventif dan kuratif sehingga dapat mencegah dan mengeliminir gaya hidup yang menjurus pada pola perilaku menyimpang dan dapat merugikan banyak pihak.
IMPLEMENTASI BUDAYA KERJA BERORIENTASI KEBUTUHAN ANAK UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK USIA 0-6 TAHUN
Authors: Syamsiyah Nur 
Published: January 2019

Masyarakat Indonesia sebagian besar beranggapan bahwa bekerja menjadi sebuah kebutuhan dalam hidupnya. Bekerja pada dasarnya adalah suatu proses pencarian nafkah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarga. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh para pekerja adalah beratnya beban pekerjaan yang diberikan instansi, sehingga hampir semua waktu tersita untuk bekerja. Di Indonesia banyak terdapat kasus yang menimpa anak seperti kasus penelantaran, kekerasan, dan kasus perdagangan manusia. Hal ini salah satunya dipicu oleh kesibukan orang tua. Tumbuh kembang anak yang distimulasi oleh orang tua merupakan bagian dari usaha untuk menyiapkan generasi emas di masa mendatang. Hal ini disebabkan karena orang tua terutama ibu adalah madrasah pertama bagi anak. Menyiapkan generasi emas dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan stimulasi perkembangan pada 1000 hari pertama setelah anak dilahirkan hingga anak berusia 6 tahun. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mensinergikan pekerjaan orang tua dengan proses tumbuh kembang anak dengan mengubah konsep budaya kerja berorientasi kebutuhan anak usia 0-6 tahun. Terciptanya budaya kerja ramah anak akan meningkatkan etos kerja dan produktivitas pegawai terutama kaum ibu. Hal ini disebabkan karena kaum ibu meskipun tengah mengaktualisasikan dirinya di ruang publik namun dapat tetap mengontrol dan berperan aktif untuk menstimulasi tumbuh kembang buah hatinya demi menyiapkan generasi emas di masa mendatang.
Screening of Colombian soybean genotypes for Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation conferring tolerance to Glyphosate
Authors: Rojas Adriana , Lopez-Pazos Silvio , Chaparro-Giraldo Alejandro 
Published: January 2019

Soybean is a very important crop worldwide due to its multiple uses as raw material for industry and to its high nutritional value. Colombia consumes a large amount of imported soybean because domestic production does not supply demand. There are soybean varieties adapted to the environmental conditions in the Colombian territory, but none of them have been enhanced by genetic engineering to confer competitive advantages compared to imported product. In this research, the Colombian soybean varieties SK7, p29 and Soyica p34 ability to be genetically transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains AGL0 and EHA105 using a Glyphosate tolerance cassette was tested. It was found that SK7 variety presented a better regeneration performance from the cotyledonary node, and also had the highest transformation frequency with AGL0 strain. The p29 variety was also transformed, but a lower efficiency was registered. It was not possible to transform Soyica p34 variety under the established parameters. This research is an advance towards the construction of a platform to enhance the generic transgenic crops in Colombia.
Dissociation of water on atomically-defined cobalt oxide nanoislands on Pt(111) and its effect on the adsorption of CO
Authors: Wähler Tobias , Hohner Chantal , Sun Zhaozong , Schuster Ralf , Rodríguez-Fernández Jonathan , Lauritsen Jeppe Vang , Libuda Jörg 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An extension of Mobius--Lie geometry with conformal ensembles of cycles and its implementation in a GiNaC library
Authors: Kisil Vladimir 
Published: January 2019

We propose to consider ensembles of cycles (quadrics), which are interconnected through conformal-invariant geometric relations (e.g. ``to be orthogonal'', ``to be tangent'', etc.), as new objects in an extended M\"obius--Lie geometry. It was recently demonstrated in several related papers, that such ensembles of cycles naturally parameterize many other conformally-invariant families of objects, e.g. loxodromes or continued fractions. The paper describes a method, which reduces a collection of conformally in\-vari\-ant geometric relations to a system of linear equations, which may be accompanied by one fixed quadratic relation. To show its usefulness, the method is implemented as a {\CPP} library. It operates with numeric and symbolic data of cycles in spaces of arbitrary dimensionality and metrics with any signatures. Numeric calculations can be done in exact or approximate arithmetic. In the two- and three-dimensional cases illustrations and animations can be produced. An interactive {\Python} wrapper of the library is provided as well.
CATHETER-RELATED BLOODSTREAM INFECTION AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: INCIDENCE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE
Authors: Nuradeen Bryar , Omer Sherko , Sharif Dana , Othman Tara 
Published: January 2019

Background
Catheter-related bloodstream infections are the most serious infection complication among hemodialysis patients.
Objectives
To identify the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections among hemodialysis patients in Sulaimani city. Also to find the relationship of infection with the catheter type, site, and duration, and to identify the causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
Methods
A cross-sectional observational study done in hemodialysis patients suspected to have catheter-related bloodstream infections. Two blood samples (from peripheral vein and catheter lumen) were cultured aerobically on blood culture media. Removed catheters were also cultured aerobically to detect catheter colonization. Isolates were identified based on cultural characteristic, microscopy, biochemical profile and Vitek® 2 system. Antimicrobial susceptibilities test done using Kirby-Bauer method.
Results
A total 117 patients suspected to have catheter-related bloodstream infections were included from two dialysis centers (49 from Shar center and 68 from Qirga center). These patients experienced 164 suspected infection episodes, of these, 146 (89%) yielded bacterial growth giving infection incidence of 24.95 per 1000 dialysis-sessions through different catheters. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the commonest isolates in both centers, 51.5% and 19.3% in Shar and Qirga center respectively followed by S. aureus (25.7%) in Shar and pseudomonas spp. (15.8%) in Qirga center. Catheter colonization was caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (39.1%) in Shar and Pseudomonas spp. (23.3%) in Qirga. Linezolid, tigecycline and teicoplanin were most effective against most gram-positive bacteria. Likewise, ampicillin-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam were effective against most of the gram-negative isolates. None of the empirically used antibiotics, vancomycin and gentamicin, was fully effective against all the isolates.
Conclusions
Incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections is high in Sulaimani dialysis centers. The dialysis centers revealed different isolates but mainly staphylococci and pseudomonas spp. Prolong empirical antimicrobial use is not recommended and such infections should be treated according to the antimicrobial susceptibility results. Infection was less with permanent tunneled catheters compared to temporary catheters, however, temporary hemodialysis catheter inserted to internal jugular vein showed less chance of infection than in subclavian and femoral vein catheters.
GLYCOPEPTIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCI AND ENTEROCOCCI ISOLATES FROM SULAIMANI HEALTH LABORATORIES
Authors: Rashid Razaw , Omer Sherko 
Published: January 2019

Background
Glycopeptide antibiotics are bactericidal agents that inhibit late stage bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. They are used for multiresistant Gram-positive cocci infection such as staphylococci and enterococci.
Objectives
To determine glycopeptide susceptibility among staphylococci and enterococci isolates from Sulaimani city health laboratories and find combined methicillin and vancomycin resistance among S. aureus isolates.
Materials and Methods
Isolates of staphylococci and enterococci were collected from different hospital laboratories and community health laboratories in Sulaimani city. Staphylococci were differentiated based on coagulase test while enterococci species were determined using Vitek 2 ®automated system. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was preformed according to the Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion method using vancomycin, teicoplanin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, methicillin, erythromycin, amikacin, gentamicin and netilmicin disks. The susceptibility was determined according to the Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests.
Results
A total of 207 isolates of staphylococci and enterococci were collected from six hospital laboratories and two community health laboratories in Sulaimani city. The isolates were 146 Staphylococcus aureus, 36 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and 25 enterococci isolates. The isolates were from inpatients 182 (87.9%), the other 25 (12.1%) were from outpatients submitting their specimens to community health laboratories. Resistance to vancomycin was detected in one isolate of each S. aureus (0.7%), CoNS (2.8%) andenterococci species (4%). For teicoplanin, one S. aureus isolate showed intermediate response (0.7) and two isolates (1.4%) were resistant. One isolate of each CoNS (2.8%) and enterococci spp. (4%) was resistant to teicoplanin. One MRSA isolate (1.25%) was resistant to vancomycin and combined resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin was detected in three isolates.
Conclusion
Glycopeptide resistance was reported in staphylococci and enterococci but was uncommon. The reported resistance advises regular observation and monitoring the antibiotic susceptibility and strict antibiotic policy. Glycopeptide alternative still can be used in treatment of some Gram-positive infections, this may delay the emergence and spread of glycopeptide resistance.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF NIGELLA SATIVA OIL AGAINST METHOTREXATE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Ahmed Zheen 
Published: January 2019

Background
Use of Methotrexate has been related with toxic effects on a variety of systems and organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, lung, and bone marrow. Nigella sativa extracts have shown many beneficial effects in recently conducted clinical and experimental trials where it found to act as the immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antibacterial agents.
Objectives
The aim of the research is to assess the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in the protection of Methotrexate (MTX)-induced liver toxicity in rats.
Materials and Methods
Twenty four Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 4 groups of 6 animals each as follow: GroupI presented as control negative; Group II presented as liver toxicity without treatment, Group III presented NSO treated group, and Group IV presented a control positive group that received N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). The state of serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST),Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC) were determined. The homogenates from liver tissue was used for figuring of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and for histopathological examinations.
Results
The results distinctly showed that NSO provides significant protection against MTX-induced toxicity in the liver of rats through reduction in ALT, AST, and ALT activities, increase in T-AOC, improvement in the state of oxidative stress induced by MTX, and improvements in the histopathological picture of the liver.
Conclusion
Orally administered NSO protects the liver against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
La familia como una nueva realidad plural multinetnica y multicultural en la sociedad y en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors: ESCOBAR DELGADO RICARDO AZAEL 
Published: January 2019

El artículo aborda el tema de la familia y de las nuevas formas de familia en Colombia, desde la formas y expresiones de tipologías existentes y reconicidas por el ordenamiento jurídico del País, como sujeto de derchos y deberes; con un enfasis en la multiple identidad cultural y etnica. Partiendo del análisi de las ciencias sociales, los tipos de familia y sus particularidades por regiones, para finalizar en el reconicimiento jurídico y sus implicaciones socio culturales en una sociedad en constante transformación influenciada por la globalización económica, jurídica y cultural.
Toruko Gunkan Erutū-rurugō no Kainan ve Üç Bahriyelinin Sevgilileri Adlı Eserlerde Ertuğrul Fırkateyni Faciası
Authors: SİCİM KAPLAN Emine 
Published: January 2019

Günümüz modern toplumu, tarih bilgisini çoğunlukla roman, hikâye vb. edebî
eserlerden ve televizyon, sinema vb. görsel alanlardan oluşturmaktadır. Bu
alanlarda kurgu unsurunun ön planda olduğunu göz önünde bulundurursak,
aktarılan her hatalı bilgi, toplumun belleğinde yanlışlar ve önyargılar
oluşturacaktır. Bu çalışmada, Ertuğrul Firkateyni faciası olayının, farklı
zamanda ve farklı dilde yazılan iki edebî esere yansıması incelenmiştir. İlk
romanın yazarı Ömer Ertur’un kitabı Japonca, İngilizce ve Türkçe olmak üzere üç
dilde yayımlanmıştır. Bu yüzden Japonya ve Avrupa’da oluşacak Türk imajı
açısından oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Ertur romanında, gerçeğe dayalı bir kurgu
olmasına rağmen Ertuğrul Fırkatyeni faciası ile ilgili her ayrıntıyı tarihi
gerçekçiliğe sadık kalarak vermiş, olayları tarihi bir araştırma kitabı
niteliğinde bütün boyutları ile ele almıştır. Diğer romanın yazarı Burhan Arif
Ongun’un eseri, Ertuğrul Fırkateyni faciası üzerine yazılan ilk romandır ve bu
yüzden oldukça önemlidir. Ancak Ongun romanında, Ertuğrul Fırkateyni faciası
olayını ayrıntısı ile anlatmak yerine konuyla alakası olmayan hayali bir dünya
yaratmıştır. Eser, tarihi romandan ziyade aşk romanı niteliği taşımaktadır.
Sa‘di-yi Şîrâzî’nin Yolculuklarının “Gülistân” Eseri Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: AVCIOĞLU Gamze Gizem 
Published: January 2019

XIII. yüzyılda yaşayan Sa‘di-yi Şîrâzî (öl. 691/1292), adı günümüze kadar
ulaşan İran’ın en büyük şairlerindendir. Yaklaşan Moğol istilası nedeniyle
eğitim görmek için Bağdat’a giden ve oradan da uzun bir yolculuğa çıkan şair
yaşadığı dönemin siyasî-sosyal olaylarını içinde barındıran önemli eserler
kaleme almıştır. Bu eserler arasında adından en çok bahsettiren “Bûstân” ve
“Gülistân”dır. “Bûstân” 655/1257 yılında mütekârib bahrinde yazılmıştır. 5000
beyitten oluşan didaktik bir manzumedir. Diğer eseri “Gülistân” ise “Bûstân”dan
bir yıl sonra 656/1258 yılında yazılmıştır. Nazım ve nesrin iç içe olduğu bu
eser, Sa‘dî’nin diğer eserlerinden üslûp ve içerik açısından ayrılarak hemen
hemen her şairin rahle-i tedrisinden geçmiştir. “Gülistân” Sa‘dî’nin hayatından
anekdotlar sunması ve yaşadığı deneyimleri okuyucuya aktarması açısından önemli
bir eserdir. “Gülistân”da anlatılan hikâyelerin çoğu, şairin uzun yolculukları
sırasında karşılaştığı kişilerden ve başına gelen olaylardan edindiği
tecrübeler üzerinedir. Bu çalışmamızda Şîrâz’ın içinde bulunduğu karmaşa
sebebiyle ülkesinden ayrılan Sa‘dî’nin “Gülistân” eserinde dile getirdiği uzun
yolculuklar ele alınacak ve bu yolculukların “Gülistân”da nasıl işlendiği
üzerinde durulacaktır.
Bir Kentsel Mekân Olarak Konya Alâeddin Tepesinde Gündelik Hayat
Authors: NACAK İbrahim 
Published: January 2019

Herhangi bir kentsel mekânı gündelik hayat ilişkileri bağlamında ele almak
istersek öncelikle insan, mekân ve kent ilişkisinin kavramsal düzeyde ortaya
konması gerekir. Sonrasında ilgili kentsel mekânın, içinde bulunduğu kentle ve
o kentin insanıyla ilişkisinin belirtilmesi; daha sonra ise gözlemlenen
gündelik rutinlerin betimlenmesi gerekir. Bu makale de Konya Alâeddin Tepesi,
kent, aktörler ve gündelik hayat üçgeninde tahlil edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Çünkü Alâeddin Tepesi hem Konya’nın tarihi hem de günümüz kent hayatı açısından
merkezi bir konumdadır. Bir kentsel mekân olarak önemi ise kentlilerin kent
merkezindeki gündelik deneyimlerinin en yoğun yaşandığı yer olmasındadır. En
belirgin gündelik örüntüler; yürüyüş, spor, eğlence ve boş zaman değerlendirme
amacıyla kentlilerin bir araya gelmesi şeklindeki deneyimlerdir.
Hitit Devleti ile Vassalları Arasında Yapılan Antlaşmalarda Vassallara Getirilen Yükümlülükler
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Caner 
Published: January 2019

MÖ II. binyılda Anadolu’da Kızılırmak Nehri’nin oluşturduğu çekirdek bölge
başta olmak üzere bu bölgede yaşamış ve Eski Yakın Doğu’nun en büyük
imparatorluklarından birini kurmuş olan Hititler, bu imparatorluğu 450 yıl
boyunca ayakta tutmayı başarmışlardır. Hitit Devleti’nin asıl kurucusunun I.
Hattušili (MÖ 1650-1620) olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Hattušili, günümüzde
Çorum’a bağlı ve 82 km uzağında bulunan Boğazköy’deki Hattuşa’yı kendine
başkent yapmıştır. Hitit idari sistemi genel yapısıyla incelendiğinde iki
farklı yapı bulunduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bunlardan biri vassal statü ile krallığa
bağlanmış bölgeler, diğeri ise doğrudan merkeze bağlı olarak yönetilen
bölgelerdir. Hitit kralları kendilerine vassal statü ile bağlanmış merkezden
uzakta bulunan eyaletleri, kendilerine mutlak sadakat ile bağlı olan güvenilir
hanedan üyeleri veya Hitit Kralına yakın bölgenin ileri gelenlerinden birisini
vassal kral olarak atayarak yönetirlerdi. Hititlerdeki vassal devlet
yapılanmasının I. Šuppiluliuma tarafından oluşturulduğu ve II. Muršili
zamanında da geliştiği gözlenmektedir. Yapılan vassal antlaşmalardan 6’şar
adeti I. Šuppiluliuma ve II. Muršili tarafından, 3’ü III. Hattušili, 2’şer
adeti II. Muwatalli ve IV.Tuthaliya tarafından, diğer 1’er adeti ise II.
Tuthaliya ve II. Šuppiluliuma tarafından yapılmıştır. Bu makale, Hitit
krallarının vassalları ile yapmış oldukları tüm antlaşmaların içeriğinin
incelenerek, bu antlaşmalarla vassallara getirilen benzer ve farklı
yükümlülükleri topluca sunmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.