bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revalorization of grape marc waste from liqueur wine: biomethanization
Authors: Javier Hungría , Ángel Siles J , Aida Gil , del Carmen Gutiérrez M , de los Ángeles Martín M 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrapes are one of the largest crops produced worldwide and are used mainly to produce wine, which generates a large volume of waste. Certain designations of origin, such as the Montilla‐Moriles PDO of Cordoba (Spain) produce liqueur wines at low yield. The possibility of generating by‐products from the waste during the winemaking process might provide an additional economic input.RESULTSAnaerobic digestion of grape marc waste derived from the Pedro Ximénez variety (ecological crop) was evaluated under mesophilic conditions at laboratory scale. The loads added to the reactors varied from 0.50 to 1.25 gVS (volatile solids) L−1, with an average methane production coefficient of 252 ± 31 mLSTP CH4 g−1 VSadded (STP: 0 °C, 1 atm). The highest methane rate production was found to be 47.97 ± 4.29 mLSTP CH4 L−1 h for 1.25 gVS L−1 of grape marc waste. The volatile fatty acids concentration increased, and the pH and alkalinity slightly decreased over the experimental time. Moreover, the digestate contained lower metal concentration in comparison with waste derived from nonecological crops.CONCLUSIONAnaerobic digestion of Pedro Ximénez grape marc waste is feasible and might be implemented for waste management, thus reducing the large volume of waste generated. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Suppressed oxygen evolution during chlorate formation from hypochlorite in the presence of chromium(VI)
Authors: Endrődi Balázs , Sandin Staffan , Wildlock Mats , Simic Nina , Cornell Ann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundChromium(VI) is a crucial electrolyte component in industrial chlorate production. Due to its toxicity, it urgently needs to be abandoned and its functions fulfilled by new solutions. In the industrial production of sodium chlorate, homogeneous decomposition of the hypochlorite intermediate to chlorate is a key step. As a competing loss reaction, hypochlorite can decompose to oxygen. How chromium(VI) affects these reactions is not well understood.ResultsThis work shows, for the first time, that chromium(VI) selectively accelerates the chlorate formation from hypochlorite both in dilute and concentrated, industrially relevant solutions. The effect of the ionic strength and the specific contribution of different electrolyte components were systematically studied. By simultaneously measuring the concentration decay of hypochlorite (UV–vis spectroscopy) and the oxygen formation (mass spectrometry), both the rate and the selectivity of the reactions were evaluated.ConclusionIn the presence of chromium(VI) the hypochlorite decomposition is described by the sum of an uncatalyzed and a parallel catalyzed reaction, where oxygen only forms in the uncatalyzed reaction. When removing chromium(VI), the homogeneous oxygen formation increases, causing economic and safety concerns. The need for a catalyst selective for chlorate formation is emphasized. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Cross‐linked enzyme aggregates of recombinant cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase for high‐purity β‐cyclodextrin production
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Li Mengla , Mao Hongli 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐purity α‐, β‐, or γ‐cyclodextrin (CD) production using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) as biocatalyst to cyclize starch is advantageous owing to its low cost of purification and product specificity. Several approaches have been investigated to enhance product specificity of CGTase, such as new CGTase isolation, CGTase gene (cgt) mutation, and chemical addition.RESULTSRecombinant CGTase was cross‐linked by glutaraldehyde to obtain cross‐linked enzyme aggregates of recombinant CGTase (CLEA‐CGTase) at 85 °C because free CGTase showed high product specificity at 85 °C. The CLEA‐CGTase was prepared under the conditions 75 U mL−1 CGTase with 0.1% (v/v) glutaraldehyde for 10 min at 85 °C after optimization first, and produced a high proportion of β‐CD from soluble starch at 50 °C in the conversion system. The conversion process was carried out with 10 to 200 U mL−1 CLEA‐CGTase, resulting in 100% β‐CD from soluble starch after 420 min conversion of the potato starch solution at 50 °C. And the proportion of β‐CD was still higher than 90% when 8000 U mL−1 CLEA‐CGTase was added.CONCLUSIONSCLEA technology maintained CGTase conformation of 85 °C, and produced a high proportion of β‐CD at 50 °C. This research showed the CLEA technology kept the conformation of enzyme for specific product production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
On the Kőnig‐Egerváry theorem for ‐paths
Authors: Bessy Stéphane , Ochem Pascal , Rautenbach Dieter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe famous Kőnig‐Egerváry theorem is equivalent to the statement that the matching number equals the vertex cover number for every induced subgraph of some graph if and only if that graph is bipartite. Inspired by this result, we consider the set of all graphs such that, for every induced subgraph, the maximum number of disjoint paths of order equals the minimum order of a set of vertices intersecting all paths of order . For , we give complete structural descriptions of the graphs in . Furthermore, for odd , we give a complete structural description of the graphs in that contain no cycle of order less than . For these graph classes, our results yield efficient recognition algorithms as well as efficient algorithms that determine maximum sets of disjoint paths of order and minimum sets of vertices intersecting all paths of order .
Synthesis and Anti‐proliferative Activity of Novel Polysubstitued Indazole Derivatives
Authors: Bassou Oulemda , Chicha Hakima , Allam Afaf , Monticone Massimiliano , Gangemi Rosaria , Maric Irena , Viale Maurizio , Rakib El Mostapha 
Published: December 2018

A simple and efficient process is developed for the synthesis of new N‐(1‐alkyl‐3‐chloro‐4‐ethoxy‐1H‐indazol‐5‐yl)‐arylsulfonamides 4a–d and N‐(1‐alkyl‐3‐chloro‐1H‐indazol‐5‐yl)‐arylsulfonamides 5a–d through the reduction of 1‐alkyl‐3‐chloro‐5‐nitroindazoles 2a,b with SnCl2 in ethanol followed by coupling the corresponding amine with arylsulfonyl chlorides in pyridine. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. Some compounds were tested for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against two selected human cancer cell lines A2780 and A549. Among all of these derivatives, compound 5d showed the most potent antiproliferative activity against A2780 (IC50 = 5.47 ± 1.45 μM) and A549 (IC50 = 7.73 ± 1.66 μM) cell lines.
Simplified Luminal Water Imaging for the Detection of Prostate Cancer From Multiecho T2 MR Images
Authors: Devine William , Giganti Francesco , Johnston Edward W. , Sidhu Harbir S. , Panagiotaki Eleftheria , Punwani Shonit , Alexander Daniel C. , Atkinson David 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundLuminal water imaging (LWI) suffers less from imaging artifacts than the diffusion‐weighted imaging used in multiparametric MRI of the prostate. LWI obtains multicompartment tissue information from a multiecho T2 dataset.PurposeTo compare a simplified LWI technique with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in classifying lesions based on groupings of PI‐RADS v2 scores. Secondary aims were to investigate whether LWI differentiates between histologically confirmed tumor and normal tissue as effectively as ADC, and whether LWI is correlated with the multicompartment parameters of the vascular, extracellular, and restricted diffusion for cytometry in tumors (VERDICT) diffusion model.Study TypeA subset of a larger prospective study.PopulationIn all, 65 male patients aged 49–79 were scanned.Field Strength/SequenceA 32‐echo T2 and a six b‐value diffusion sequence (0, 90, 500, 1500, 2000, 3000 s/mm2) at 3T.AssessmentRegions of interest were placed by a board‐certified radiologist in areas of lesion and benign tissue and given PI‐RADS v2 scores.Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsLWI classifies tissue as PI‐RADS 1,2 or PI‐RADS 3,4,5 with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.779, compared with 0.764 for ADC. LWI differentiated histologically confirmed malignant from nonmalignant tissue with AUC, sensitivity, and specificity values of 0.81, 75%, and 87%, compared with 0.75, 83%, and 67% for ADC. The microstructural basis of the LWI technique is further suggested by the correspondence with the VERDICT diffusion‐based microstructural imaging technique, with α, A1, A2, and LWF showing significant correlations.Data ConclusionLWI alone can predict PI‐RADS v2 score groupings and detect histologically confirmed tumors with an ability similar to ADC alone without the limitations of diffusion‐weighted MRI. This is important, given that ADC has an advantage in these tests as it already informs PI‐RADS v2 scoring. LWI also provides multicompartment information that has an explicit biophysical interpretation, unlike ADC.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:910–917.
Compressed sensing for solving electromagnetic scattering problems of complex wire structures over a wide range of incident angle
Authors: Hu Jin‐Hua , Chen Ming‐Sheng , Huang Zhi‐Xiang , Zhang Liang , Wu Xian‐Liang , Cao Xin‐Yuan , Ma Xue‐Hua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn efficient scheme is proposed and implemented for studying electromagnetic scattering problems of complex wire structures over a wide range of incident angle. A set of linear vector basis functions is applied to discretize the complex structures. Moreover, a novel approach based on the compressed sensing (CS) technique is presented and used to form several new excitation sources, which include various spatial information to obtain several measurements. With the help of proper sparse representation, the real induced currents of any incident angles can be calculated by using the orthogonal matching pursuit technique (OMP). To demonstrate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method, numerical simulations of a pair of Yagi‐Uda antenna, a pair of spiral antenna, and a pair of spiral antenna array are accomplished by the new scheme, and the radiation pattern and Radar Cross Section (RCS) of the antennas are accurately calculated.
Stability condition of the dispersive HIE‐FDTD method for the simulation of graphene
Authors: Xu Ning , Chen Juan , Wang Jianguo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper derives exactly the stability condition of the dispersive hybrid implicit‐explicit finite‐difference time‐domain (HIE‐FDTD) method used for the simulations of the graphene‐based devices. Combining with the Routh‐Hurwitz criterion, an analytical closed‐form stability expression is obtained. The result shows that the maximum time increment of the dispersive HIE‐FDTD method is only associated with two spatial discretizations instead of the smallest one inside the graphene layer. Numerical example validates this stability condition.
Enhanced oxidative stress and the treatment by edaravone in mice model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ohta Yasuyuki , Nomura Emi , Shang Jingwei , Feng Tian , Huang Yong , Liu Xia , Shi Xiaowen , Nakano Yumiko , Hishikawa Nozomi , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOxidative stress is associated with the degeneration of both motor neurons and skeletal muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A free radical scavenger edaravone has been proven as a therapeutic drug for ALS patients, but the neuroprotective mechanism for the oxidative stress of ALS has not been fully investigated. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress in ALS model mice bearing both oxidative stress sensor nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and G93A‐human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Nrf2/G93A) treated by edaravone. In vivo Nrf2 imaging analysis showed the accelerated oxidative stress both in spinal motor neurons and lower limb muscles of Nrf2/G93A mice according to disease progression in addition to the enhancement of serum oxidative stress marker dROMS. These were significantly alleviated by edaravone treatment accompanied by clinical improvements (rotarod test). The present study suggests that in vivo optical imaging of Nrf2 is useful for detecting oxidative stress in ALS, and edaravone alleviates the degeneration of both motor neurons and muscles related to oxidative stress in ALS patients.
Removal of a Hickman catheter using a laser sheath
Authors: Le Kien Vo , Okamura Hideo , Homma Takehiro , Ohgo Takeshi , Noda Takashi , Kusano Kengo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA 31‐year‐old female with 10 years indwelled Hickman catheter for idiopathic pulmonary hypertension presented infectious findings. We decided to remove it but simple traction did not work. Although it was an off labeled use, we could remove it using a laser sheath and snare technique without any complication.
Ripening season affects tissue mineral concentration and nutrient partitioning in peach trees
Authors: Zhou Qi , Melgar Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe objective of this research was to determine the influence of ripening season on nutrient concentration and nutrient partitioning of peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch). We selected peach trees from three different ripening seasons and measured: (1) the concentration of macronutrients in pruned wood, thinned fruitlets, harvested fruit, and leaves fallen in autumn and (2) the total amount of macronutrients at each of these removal events. Our results showed that early‐season cultivars had more K in pruned wood, more P and K in fallen leaves, and more N, P, K, and Mg in mature fruits than mid‐ and late‐season cultivars. Also, early‐season cultivars removed more dry weight from pruned wood and fallen leaves but less from fruit than mid‐ and late‐season cultivars. These results suggest that different ripening season can affect peach tree nutrient concentration and nutrient partitioning and, consequently, peach cultivars harvested at different times of the year may benefit from specific fertilization programs rather than uniform, calendar‐based fertilization programs.
A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer with high sensitivity for study of gas‐phase radical reaction in a flow tube
Authors: Wen Zuoying , Tang Xiaofeng , Wang Chengcheng , Fittschen Christa , Wang Tao , Zhang Cuihong , Yang Jiuzhong , Pan Yang , Liu Fuyi , Zhang Weijun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhotoionization mass spectrometry as a powerful analytical method has been widely utilized and provided valuable insight in the field of gas‐phase reactions. Here, a highly sensitive vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer combined with a microwave discharge generator and a fast flow tube reactor has been developed to study radical reactions of atmospheric and combustion interests. Two kinds of continuous light sources, the tunable VUV synchrotron radiation at Hefei, China for isomer‐specific product detection and a commercial krypton discharge lamp for time‐consuming kinetic measurements, are employed as photoionization sources in the apparatus. A multiplexed detection with high sensitivity (the limit of detection ∼0.8 ppb) and high mass resolution (M/ΔM ∼ 2100) has been approached. As representative examples, the self‐reaction of the methyl radical, CH3, and the reaction of the methyl radical with molecular oxygen are studied and multiple species including reactive radicals and isomeric/isobaric products are detected and identified. In addition, some preliminary results related to the reaction kinetics are also presented.
Olfactory function in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jung Hahn Jin , Shin In‐Soo , Lee Ji‐Eun 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveOlfactory function is altered in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, it may serve as a useful tool for the early detection of MCI before its advancement to AD. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to investigate olfactory deficits in patients with MCI and AD.Study DesignLiterature search.MethodsA search was conducted of the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception until 2017. We included original articles with adequate data on the identification, threshold, and/or discrimination of olfactory function in MCI or AD. The standard mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The studies were weighted according to inverse variance estimates. The effect sizes were categorized as small [Cohen's d = 0.2], medium (d = 0.5), or large (d ≥ 0.8) based on these methods. Subgroup analyses were performed based on mean age and sex differences between the groups.ResultsTwelve articles (reporting 21 effects) examining 563 patients with MCI and 788 patients with AD, were included in the meta‐analysis. Compared to MCI, AD had moderate to large heterogeneous effects on olfactory function (Cohen's d = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.78). Olfactory identification tests demonstrated larger effects (d = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.91) than did tests of other olfactory domains.ConclusionsMeta‐analysis results revealed that olfactory identification was more profoundly impaired in patients with AD than in those with MCI. These findings suggest that a simple test of odor identification is valuable in differentiating individuals at a risk of AD.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:362–369, 2019
Synthetic, Chemically Defined Polymer‐Coated Microcarriers for the Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Krutty John D. , Dias Andrew D. , Yun Junsu , Murphy William L. , Gopalan Padma 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSC), also called marrow stromal cells, are adult cells that have attracted interest for their potential uses in therapeutic applications. There is a pressing need for scalable culture systems due to the large number of cells needed for clinical treatments. Here, a tailorable thin polymer coating—poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate‐ran‐vinyl dimethyl azlactone‐ran‐glycidyl methacrylate) [P(PEGMEMA‐r‐VDM‐r‐GMA); PVG]—to the surface of commercially available polystyrene and glass microcarriers to create chemically defined surfaces for large‐scale cell expansion is applied. These chemically defined microcarriers create a reproducible surface that does not rely on the adsorption of xenogenic serum proteins to mediate cell adhesion. Specifically, this coating method anchors PVG copolymer through ring opening nucleophilic attack by amine residues on poly‐l‐lysine that is pre‐adsorbed to the surface of microcarriers. Importantly, this anchoring reaction preserves the monomer VDM reactivity for subsequent functionalization with an integrin‐specific Arg‐Gly‐Asp peptide to enable cell adhesion and expansion via a one‐step reaction in aqueous media. MSCs cultured on PVG‐coated microcarriers achieve sixfold expansion—similar to the expansion achieved on PS microcarriers—and retain their ability to differentiate after harvesting.
Dynamic, Bioresponsive Hydrogels via Changes in DNA Aptamer Conformation
Authors: Bae Se Won , Lee Jae Sung , Harms Victoria M. , Murphy William L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDNA aptamers are integrated into synthetic hydrogel networks with the aim of creating hydrogels that undergo volume changes when exposed to target molecules. Specifically, single‐stranded DNA aptamers in cDNA‐bound, extended state are incorporated into hydrogel networks as cross‐links, so that the nanoscale conformational change of DNA aptamers upon binding to target molecules will induce macroscopic volume decreases of hydrogels. Hydrogels incorporating adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–binding aptamers undergo controllable volume decreases of up to 40.3 ± 4.6% when exposed to ATP, depending on the concentration of DNA aptamers incorporated in the hydrogel network, temperature, and target molecule concentration. Importantly, this approach can be generalized to aptamer sequences with distinct binding targets, as demonstrated here that hydrogels incorporating an insulin‐binding aptamer undergo volume changes in response to soluble insulin. This work provides an example of bioinspired hydrogels that undergo macroscopic volume changes that stem from conformational shifts in resident DNA‐based cross‐links.
Enhanced Thermo‐Mechanical Stiffness, Thermal Stability, and Fire Retardant Performance of Surface‐Modified 2D MoS2Nanosheet‐Reinforced Polyurethane Composites
Authors: Malkappa Kuruma , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article reports new‐generation 2D‐MoS2nanosheet‐containing polyurethane (PU) composite materials with improved thermo‐mechanical stiffness, thermal stability, and fire retardation properties. The surface of 2D‐MoS2nanosheets is modified with melamine (M‐MoS2), and then PU composites with varying M‐MoS2loadings are synthesized using an in situ polymerization method. During polymerization, 3‐amino‐propyl‐trimethoxy silane is introduced to create silicate functionality on the PU chains, which further improves the compatibility between PU and M‐MoS2. Microscopy studies confirm the distribution of highly intercalated and agglomerated M‐MoS2nanosheets in the PU matrix. The PU composite containing 5 wt% M‐MoS2shows a 65% higher storage modulus (at 30 °C) than that of pure PU. The thermal stability of pure PU is significantly improved (62 °C) after composite formation. Thermogravimetric analysis in combination with FTIR spectroscopy shows that the PU/M‐MoS2composites release less toxic gases during thermal degradation compared to pure PU. Moreover, the composite containing 5 wt% M‐MoS2shows improved fire retardation properties, with 45% and 67.5% decrease in the peak heat and total heat release rates, respectively, as compared with those of pure PU. In summary, 2D‐MoS2is shown to have potential as an advanced nano‐filler to obtain stiffer PU composite with improved fire retardant property for structural application.
Fiber Formation from Silk Fibroin Using Pressurized Gyration
Authors: Heseltine Phoebe Louiseanne , Hosken Joseph , Agboh Chris , Farrar David , Homer‐Vanniasinkam Shervanthi , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSilk has attracted considerable interest for use in biomedical applications due to its high strength and promising biocompatibility. Degummed silk, consisting only of silk fibroin (SF), has been processed using various methods and can be made into films, sponges, and fibers. Pressurized gyration (PG) is capable of rapidly producing aligned fibers and offers a great amount of control over their structure and morphology. Here, SF fibers are produced for the first time using PG. The effect of varying SF concentration and applied working pressure to the gyration vessel is reported, along with the resulting effect on fiber diameter, morphology, and structural composition. Aligned microfibers are found at concentrations of 8, 10, 12 w/v%, with the lowest fiber diameters reported at 8 w/v% SF 0.3 MPa applied pressure (2.1 ± 1.3 µm). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the existence of PG spun fibers in both random coil and β‐sheet formations.