bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid firefly bat algorithm (HFBA)–based network security policy enforcement for PSA
Authors: Sureshkumar Thathan , Lingaraj Mani , Anand Bojan , Premkumar Thathan 
Published: July 2018

SummaryNetwork operators heavily depend on security services to secure their information technology infrastructures. On the other hand, due to the complexity of security policies, it is not appropriate to straightforwardly use previous pathwise enforcement approaches. In this paper, the enforcement problem of the security policy on middleboxes is formulated as a weighted K set covering problem that requires a policy space analysis tool. This tool is intended to be supported on range‐represented hyperrectangles, which are tagged using a prioritized R‐tree. This methodological work initially evaluates the topological features of diverse types of policies. Hybrid firefly bat algorithm–supported heuristic information shows the inherent difficulties of security policies and provides direction for the design of the enforcement algorithm. At the same time, a scopewise policy enforcement procedure is proposed, which requires a moderate number of enforcement network nodes for organizing the various policy subsets in a greedy manner. Our results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid firefly bat algorithm with policy space analysis offer greatly improved outcomes in terms of the rule overhead, network security, packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio, and time efficiency above the set operations of the security policy.
Spatial modulation and physical layer network coding based bidirectional relay network with transmit antenna selection over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: R. Rajesh , Velmurugan P. G. S. , Thiruvengadam S. J. , Mallick P. S. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a high data rate bidirectional relay network is proposed by combining the merits of spatial modulation (SM) and physical layer network coding. All nodes in the network are equipped with multiple antennas. Spatial modulation technique is used to reduce hardware complexity and interchannel interference by activating only one antenna at any time during transmission. In the proposed bidirectional relay network, transmit antennas are selected at the source nodes and relay node on the basis of the order statistics of channel power. It increases received signal power and provides a significant improvement in the outage performance. Also, the data rate of the proposed network is improved by physical layer network coding at the relay node. A closed form analytical expression for the outage probability of the network over Nakagami‐m fading channel is derived and validated by Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, asymptotic analysis is investigated at high signal‐to‐noise ratio region.The outage performance of the proposed network is compared with SM and physical layer network coding bidirectional relay network without transmit antenna selection and point‐to‐point SM. With approximate SNR≈1 dB difference between the two networks, the same data rate is achieved.
Individual differences in early body mass affect thermogenic performance and sibling interactions in litter huddles of the house mouse
Authors: Zepeda José A. , Bautista Amando , Rangassamy Marylin , Monclús Raquel , Bocquet Celine , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita , Gouat Patrick , Féron Christophe , Hudson Robyn , Rödel Heiko G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe asked whether within‐litter differences in early body mass are associated with differences in house mouse pups’ thermogenic performance and whether such variation predicts individual differences in competitive interactions for thermally more advantageous positions in the huddle. We explored pups’ thermogenic performance in isolation by measuring changes in (maximal) peripheral body temperatures during a 5‐min thermal challenge using infrared thermography. Changes in peripheral body temperature were significantly explained by individual differences in body mass within a litter; relatively lighter individuals showed an overall quicker temperature decrease leading to lower body temperatures toward the end of the thermal challenge compared to heavier littermates. Within the litter huddle, relatively lighter pups with a lower thermogenic performance showed consistently more rooting and climbing behavior, apparently to reach the thermally advantageous center of the huddle. This suggests that within‐litter variation in starting body mass affects the pups’ thermal and behavioral responses to environmental challenges.
An affordable apparatus for fine‐controlled emulation of buzzing frequencies of bees for the testing hypothesis in buzz interactions
Authors: Rodrigues Ernani V. , Riguette Júlia R. , Pereira Henrique R. C. , Tesch Juliétty A. , Silva Ary G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe buzzing foraging behavior of female bees for pollen harvesting called the attention of early pollination biologists. Flower types that demand this buzzing behavior comprise about 20,000 species of different and phylogenetically unrelated plant taxa, suggesting that it had independently evolved many times among the flowering plants. Between the late 1970s and early 1980s, theoretical papers had modeled the energetics of buzz pollination, but, up to this moment, no hypothesis was experimentally tested concerning the theoretical basis of the energetics of buzz pollination. We present a cost‐effective and simple apparatus, including a digital and highly accurate frequency generator, and a device for the transference of buzz‐frequency energy to the receptive floral unity. The receptive floral unities may comprise the entire or partial androecium, or the tubular corolla, or, in some cases, the whole flower. This apparatus can be easily used in both laboratory and field conditions of research, as natural air currents are avoided, and the response of pollen liberation can be quantitatively measured by pollen grain counts that can be captured by adhesion in slide poured with an isosmotic lactate–glycerol media. The maximum displacement of the hardwire beam/claw system was 0.1170 ± 0.0006 mm @ 150 Hz; 0.021 ± 0.003 mm @ 250 Hz; 0.010 ± 0.001 mm @ 350 Hz; 0.0058 ± 0.0001 mm @ 450 Hz; and 0.0082 ± 0.0005 mm @ 550 Hz. Hypothesis contrasting frequency emission and pollen liberation measured as pollen grain counts may be tested in a species flower type by simple linear regression if pollen counts are normally distributed, or ordinal logistic regression, with non‐normal counts. The comparison among different flower‐type requirements can be tested through appropriate statistical methods for both normally and non‐normally distributed pollen grain counts.
Reciprocal plant‐mediated interactions between a virus and a non‐vector herbivore
Authors: Chisholm Paul J. , Sertsuvalkul Nyd , Casteel Clare L. , Crowder David W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVector‐borne viruses alter many physical and chemical traits of their plant hosts, indirectly affecting the fitness and behavior of vectors in ways that promote virus transmission. However, it is unclear whether viruses induce plant‐mediated shifts in the behavior and fitness of non‐vector herbivores, or if non‐vectors affect the dynamics of vector‐borne viruses. Here we evaluated reciprocal interactions between Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), a pathogen transmitted by the aphid Acrythosiphon pisum, and a non‐vector weevil, Sitona lineatus. In the field, PEMV‐infected plants experienced more defoliation from S. lineatus than uninfected plants; behavioral assays similarly showed S. lineatus adults preferred to feed on infected plants. In turn, infectious A. pisum preferred plants damaged by S. lineatus, and S. lineatus herbivory led to increased PEMV titer. These interactions may be mediated by plant phytohormone levels, as S. lineatus induced jasmonic acid, while PEMV induced salicylic acid. Levels of abscisic acid were not affected by attack from either PEMV or S. lineatus alone, but plants challenged by both had elevated levels of this phytohormone. As plant viruses and their vectors often exist in diverse communities, our study highlights the importance of non‐vector species in influencing plant pathogens and their vectors through host‐mediated effects.
Seeing the site of treatment improves habitual pain but not cervical joint position sense immediately after manual therapy in chronic neck pain patients
Authors: Beinert K. , Lutz B. , Zieglgänsberger W. , Diers M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundVisual analgesia refers to the phenomena where people report decreased pain intensity when they see the painful or painfully stimulated body part. Alongside pain, sensorimotor impairment (i.e., disturbed proprioception) is also evident in chronic pain. This study aims to investigate whether real‐time visual feedback offers additional pain relief and proprioceptive improvement when used in combination with recommended therapies in neck pain patients who received manual therapy with or without real‐time visual feedback.MethodsA total of 29 neck pain patients were recruited in an outpatient physical therapy practice. Patients were randomly allocated to receive manual therapy of the cervical spine with real‐time visual feedback or to a control group where patients received manual therapy without real‐time visual feedback. Habitual pain intensity, the pressure pain threshold at the zygapophyseal joint of C2–C3 and the superior angle of the scapulae and cervical proprioception were assessed before and immediately after the intervention by a blinded assessor.ResultsA between‐group comparison revealed a significant reduction in habitual pain in the real‐time visual feedback group. No differences were found for the pressure pain threshold or proprioceptive performance.ConclusionsReal‐time visual feedback combined with manual therapy enhanced the analgesic effect of manual therapy in neck pain patients, but had no positive effect on the pressure pain threshold and cervical joint position sense. The technical demands for integrating real‐time visual feedback into daily practice to reduce habitual pain are low, have low costs and are easy to apply.SignificanceReal‐time visual feedback reduces habitual pain immediately after the intervention. Due to its easy integration, it may be an effective adjunct to recommended interventions (i.e., manual therapy) in patients with neck pain.
Nanopore label‐free detection of single‐nucleotide deletion in Baxα/BaxΔ2
Authors: Chen Xiaohan , Wang Liang , Roozbahani Golbarg M , Zhang Youwen , Xiang Jialing , Guan Xiyun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBaxα, a key tumor suppressor gene, will not be expressed correctly as a result of single nucleotide mutation in its microsatellite region; Instead, BaxΔ2, an isoform of Baxα, is often produced. In addition, lack of the exon 2 due to an alternative splicing, BaxΔ2 has the same sequence as Baxα except single base deletion from eight continuous guanines (G8) to G7. Most of the currently available methods for Bax∆2 detection are inefficient and time‐consuming, and/or require the use of labels or dyes. In this work, we reported a label‐free nanopore sensing strategy to differentiate between Baxα and BaxΔ2 with a DNA polymer as a molecular probe based on alternative spliced sequences. Two DNA molecules were designed to selectively detect Baxα and BaxΔ2, respectively. The method was rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive: picomolar concentrations of target nucleic acids could be detected in minutes. Our developed simple and fast nanopore‐based detection strategy is not only useful for distinguishing between Baxα and Bax∆2, but also provides a useful tool for detection of other single‐base mutations in genetic diagnosis.
Validation of the SCEC Broadband Platform simulations for tall building risk assessments considering spectral shape and duration of the ground motion
Authors: Bijelić Nenad , Lin Ting , Deierlein Greg G. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryEarthquake simulation technologies are advancing to the stage of enabling realistic simulations of past earthquakes as well as characterizations of more extreme events, thus holding promise of yielding novel insights and data for earthquake engineering. With the goal of developing confidence in the engineering applications of simulated ground motions, this paper focuses on validation of simulations for response history analysis through comparative assessments of building performance obtained using sets of recorded and simulated motions. Simulated ground motions of past earthquakes, obtained through a larger validation study of the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform, are used for the case study. Two tall buildings, a 20‐story concrete frame and a 42‐story concrete core wall building, are analyzed under comparable sets of simulated and recorded motions at increasing levels of ground motion intensity, up to structural collapse, to check for statistically significant differences between the responses to simulated and recorded motions. Spectral shape and significant duration are explicitly considered when selecting ground motions. Considered demands include story drift ratios, floor accelerations, and collapse response. These comparisons not only yield similar results in most cases but also reveal instances where certain simulated ground motions can result in biased responses. The source of bias is traced to differences in correlations of spectral values in some of the stochastic ground motion simulations. When the differences in correlations are removed, simulated and recorded motions yield comparable results. This study highlights the utility of physics‐based simulations, and particularly the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform as a useful tool for engineering applications.
Seismic performance analysis of BRBs and gussets in a full‐scale 2‐story BRB‐RCF specimen
Authors: Tsai Ching‐Yi , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Chen Li‐Wei , Wu An‐Chien 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe implementation of buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) for new reinforced concrete frame (RCF) constructions is limited. This study investigates the seismic forces and stability in the BRBs and gussets of a 2‐story full‐scale RCF specimen by using Abaqus models and a newly proposed stability evaluation method. The hybrid and cyclic loading test results are accurately predicted by the Abaqus analyses. Existing methods for computing the gusset interface forces for steel buildings from both the brace and the frame actions are compared with the Abaqus results. The applicability of these methods for the BRB‐RCF design is critically evaluated. It is confirmed that the Parallel‐2 method is suitable for estimating the BRB force demand imposed on the corner gusset and the generalized uniform force method is good for the corner gusset at the base. In addition, existing stability evaluation methods for BRBs and gussets are applied to investigate the out‐of‐plane (OOP) buckling of the first‐story BRB observed at the end of tests. The proposed stability model incorporates the BRB restrainer's flexural effects and 4 rotational springs in assessing the BRB's buckling. This model confirms that the BRB and the gusset's OOP buckling limit states could be coupled and must be evaluated together. By incorporating the flexural effects of the steel casing and the infilled grout, the proposed model satisfactorily predicts the OOP buckling of the first‐story BRB and gussets. These research results can be used for the implementation of BRBs in new RC frame constructions.
Conclusion: Lessons About Indigenous Evaluation
Authors: Cram Fiona 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis last chapter draws together the key lessons from chapter authors for strengthening Indigenous evaluation (IE). These lessons are about evaluators acknowledging Indigenous sovereignty and building genuine relationships with Indigenous peoples. They are about the development of mutual respect between evaluators and Indigenous peoples and evaluators’ commitment to evaluation collaborations in Indigenous contexts, including the commitment to sharing knowledge and strengthening Indigenous evaluation capacity. From this foundation, evaluators might then represent Indigenous peoples well and produce evaluations that serve a larger decolonization agenda that is essential for the sustainability, resilience, vitality, and very existence of Indigenous peoples.
The Strength of Indigenous Australian Evaluators and Indigenous Evaluation: A Snapshot of “Ways of Knowing and Doing” Reflecting on the 2014 Darwin Conference of the Australasian Evaluation Society
Authors: Grey Kim , Yamaguchi Jessica , Williams Emma , Davis Vanessa , Foster Denise , Gibson Jack , Dunnett Desleigh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe strong presence of Indigenous Australians at the 2014 Australasian Evaluation Society (AES) conference highlights expansion in the ways Indigenous people are working as evaluation practitioners and collaborating in evaluation. This may reflect changing practice, moving from the involvement of Indigenous Australians solely as the users of programs to their more diverse and active engagement in the conduct of evaluations. However, it is not clear how far this shift extends to Indigenous‐led shaping of evaluation questions or framing the interpretation of findings. In this chapter, Indigenous Australian coauthors who are practicing evaluators explore dimensions of Indigenous participation. Themes covering knowledge and engagement processes and principles emerged from the conference, demonstrating how “ways of knowing and doing” make Indigenous evaluation much more than about method. The concept of an “adaptive shared space” is presented as a venue for growing respectful collaboration. Developing deliberative learning among Indigenous and non‐indigenous people, commissioners, and practitioners, offers a way to bring deeper meaning to evaluation practice.
Relationship between source rock development and petroleum accumulation in the Erlian Basin, northern China
Authors: Ding Xiujian , Liu Guangdi , Imin Ablimit , Rexit Madiniyat , Gao Changhai , Jiang Hang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Wuli and Saihan sags in the Erlian Basin, the most petroliferous basin in northern China, were analysed with bulk geochemical analysis, carbon isotopic composition, microthermometry of fluid inclusions, and basin modelling to characterize the organic matter abundance and composition, to construct source rock development models, and to reveal the relationship between source rock development and hydrocarbon accumulation. The samples display wide variations in total organic carbon content and Rock‐Eval indices, suggesting heterogeneity of organic matter richness and type. The Wuli Sag has oxic depositional environment, high productivity, and high total organic carbon content; the effective oil source rocks are mainly distributed in the deep sag where the productivity is high; and there is plenty of organic matter left and preserved after degradation. In the Saihan Sag, there is a small amount of organic matter deposited because of low productivity; the effective oil source rocks are mainly distributed in the slope by the deep sag where the reducing degree is the strongest. The source rock development models controlled the geochemical characteristics and distribution of source rocks, which are the keys to hydrocarbon potential and accumulation. The oil of Wuli Sag is mainly distributed in the deep sag, whereas the oil of Saihan Sag is mainly distributed in the slope by deep sag, which is in agreement with the previously effective oil source rocks distribution. In the strong division sags, the region where source rock distributed is beneficial to hydrocarbon accumulation. The conclusions may have important implications for petroleum exploration in other small lacustrine depositional systems.
Why do the public support or oppose obesity prevention regulations? Results from a South Australian population survey
Authors: Farrell Lucy C. , Moore Vivienne M. , Warin Megan J. , Street Jackie M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIssue addressedAustralian policymakers have acknowledged that implementing obesity prevention regulations is likely to be facilitated or hindered by public opinion. Accordingly, we investigated public views about possible regulations.MethodsCross‐sectional survey of 2732 persons, designed to be representative of South Australians aged 15 years and over. Questions examined views about four obesity prevention regulations (mandatory front‐of‐pack nutrition labelling for packaged foods; zoning restrictions to prohibit fast food outlets near schools; taxes on unhealthy high fat foods; and taxes on sugar‐sweetened beverages). Levels of support (Likert scale) for each intervention and reasons for support/opposition were ascertained.ResultsViews about the regulations were mixed: support was highest for mandatory nutrition labelling (90%) and lowest for taxes (40%‐42%). High levels of support for labelling were generally underpinned by a belief that this regulation would educate “Other” people about nutrition. Lower levels of support for zoning restrictions and taxes were associated with concerns about government overreach and the questionable effectiveness of these regulations in changing behaviours. Levels of support for each regulation, and reasons for support or opposition, differed by gender and socio‐economic status.ConclusionSocio‐demographic differences in support appeared to reflect gendered responsibilities for food provision and concerns about the material constraints of socio‐economic deprivation. Engagement with target populations may offer insights to optimise the acceptability of regulations and minimise unintended social consequences.So what?Resistance to regulations amongst socio‐economically disadvantaged target populations warrants attention from public health advocates. Failure to accommodate concerns identified may further marginalise these groups.
Clinically Practical Approach for Screening of Low Muscularity Using Electronic Linear Measures on Computed Tomography Images in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Avrutin Egor , Moisey Lesley L. , Zhang Roselyn , Khattab Jenna , Todd Emma , Premji Tahira , Kozar Rosemary , Heyland Daren K. , Mourtzakis Marina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) scans performed during routine hospital care offer the opportunity to quantify skeletal muscle and predict mortality and morbidity in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Existing methods of muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) quantification require specialized software, training, and time commitment that may not be feasible in a clinical setting. In this article, we explore a new screening method to identify patients with low muscle mass.MethodsWe analyzed 145 scans of elderly ICU patients (≥65 years old) using a combination of measures obtained with a digital ruler, commonly found on hospital radiological software. The psoas and paraspinal muscle groups at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) were evaluated by using 2 linear measures each and compared with an established method of CT image analysis of total muscle CSA in the L3 region.ResultsThere was a strong association between linear measures of psoas and paraspinal muscle groups and total L3 muscle CSA (R2 = 0.745, P < 0.001). Linear measures, age, and sex were included as covariates in a multiple logistic regression to predict those with low muscle mass; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of the combined psoas and paraspinal linear index model was 0.920. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to evaluate intrarater and interrater reliability, resulting in scores of 0.979 (95% CI: 0.940–0.992) and 0.937 (95% CI: 0.828–0.978), respectively.ConclusionsA digital ruler can reliably predict L3 muscle CSA, and these linear measures may be used to identify critically ill patients with low muscularity who are at risk for worse clinical outcomes.