bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic–pituitary function following childhood brain tumors: Analysis of prospective annual endocrine screening
Authors: Lawson Sarah A. , Horne Vincent E. , Golekoh Marjorie C. , Hornung Lindsey , Burns Karen C. , Fouladi Maryam , Rose Susan R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes for childhood brain tumors are now associated with a five‐year survival rate of 75%. Endocrine effects of brain tumors are common, occurring in 43% of patients by 10 years from tumor diagnosis. Optimal timing of screening for endocrinopathies remains undefined. We aim to identify incidence and timing of endocrinopathies following brain tumor diagnosis, to better refine screening guidelines.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients referred to our hospital's neuro‐oncology clinic for evaluation and treatment of brain tumors. Inclusion criteria were a positive history for brain tumor diagnosis and evaluation at our center. Data collection included demographics, tumor diagnosis, tumor therapy, and endocrinopathy diagnosis and timing. Laboratory data and clinical documentation were reviewed.ResultsFour hundred nineteen subjects were included for analysis. Tumor locations included supratentorial 158 (38%), posterior fossa 145 (35%), suprasellar 96 (23%), and upper spinal cord 20 (5%). Only 61% had undergone endocrine screening. Forty‐five percent of screened patients had endocrinopathies. Endocrinopathy diagnosis typically occurred within six years after tumor diagnosis. Tumor recurrence and repeated therapies increased the risk for endocrinopathies within the subsequent six years after tumor therapy. Higher rates of endocrinopathies were identified in patients who had received cranial irradiation for posterior fossa, supratentorial, or suprasellar tumors.ConclusionEndocrine screening should occur in childhood brain tumor survivors, particularly those who have received irradiation. Our study suggests that in children with brain tumors, the highest yield for finding a pituitary deficiency is within the first six years after tumor diagnosis and treatment. Screening should continue annually beyond six years, but with special attention in the subsequent six years after therapy for tumor recurrence. Prospective screening and endocrinology referral should be implemented in childhood brain tumor survivors.
Lung cancer symptom appraisal among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Cunningham Yvonne , Wyke Sally , Blyth Kevin G. , Rigg Douglas , Macdonald Sara , Macleod Una , Harrow Stephen , Robb Kathryn A. , Whitaker Katriina L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe incidence of lung cancer is four times higher in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with the general population. Promotion of a shorter time from symptom onset to presentation is one potential strategy for earlier lung cancer diagnosis, but distinguishing respiratory symptoms can be difficult. We investigated how the experience of COPD influences symptom appraisal and help seeking for potential lung cancer symptoms.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with men (n = 17) and women (n = 23) aged 40 to 83 years with COPD. Topic guides drew on the integrated symptom‐response framework and covered symptom experience, interpretation, action, recognition, help seeking, evaluation, and reevaluation. We used the framework method to analyse the data.ResultsParticipants said that they attributed chest symptoms to their COPD; no other cause was considered. Participants said that family/friends noticed changes in their symptoms and encouraged help seeking. Others felt isolated by their COPD because they could not get out, were fatigued, or were embarrassed. Participants visited health professionals frequently, but increased risk of lung cancer was not discussed.ConclusionsOur study provides insight into different levels of influence on symptom appraisal and targets for intervention. Greater awareness of increased lung cancer risk and support to act on symptom changes is essential and could be achieved through a concerted information campaign. Health professionals working with people with COPD could also optimise appointments to support symptom appraisal of potential lung cancer symptoms.
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide in preterm‐born subjects: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Course Christopher W. , Kotecha Sailesh , Kotecha Sarah J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundDecreased lung function is common in preterm‐born survivors. Increased fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) appears to be a reliable test for eosinophillic airway inflammation especially in asthma. We, systematically, reviewed the literature to compare FeNO levels in preterm‐born children and adults who did or did not have chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) in infancy with term‐born controls.MethodsWe searched eight databases up to February 2018. Studies comparing FeNO levels in preterm‐born subjects (<37 weeks’ gestation) in childhood and adulthood with and without (CLD) with term‐born subjects were identified and extracted by two reviewers. Data were analysed using Review Manager v5.3.ResultsFrom 6042 article titles, 183 full articles were screened for inclusion. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen studies compared FeNO levels in preterm‐ and term‐born children and adults; 11 studies (preterm n = 640 and term n = 4005) were included in a meta‐analysis. The mean FeNO concentration difference between the preterm‐born and term‐born group was −0.74 (95% CI −1.88 to 0.41) ppb. For the six studies reporting data on CLD (preterm n = 204 and term n = 211) the mean difference for FeNO levels was −2.82 (95% CI −5.87 to 0.22) ppb between the preterm‐born CLD and term‐born groups.ConclusionsOur data suggest that preterm born children with and without CLD have similar FeNO levels to term‐born children suggesting an alternative mechanism to eosinophilic inflammation for symptoms of wheezing and airway obstruction observed in preterm‐born subjects.
User interactions with “Alexa” in public academic space
Authors: Lopatovska Irene , Oropeza Heyrling 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIntelligent personal assistants (IPAs), such as Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Apple Siri, Microsoft Cortana and others, offer an example of an emerging technology with an uncertain adoption path. Evidence on how users adopt this technology is scarce, often anecdotal, and usually focuses on private uses and contexts. We conducted a study to examine Amazon Alexa adoption in a public common area of an iSchool. The study data were obtained from Alexa logs, observations of the public space, an online questionnaire, and interviews with students. Overall, IPA adoption trends among students were similar to adoption trends in the broader population and included using IPAs primarily at home for weather checks, quick references, setting an alarm/timer, and other requests. However, in a public academic setting, user interactions with Alexa were primarily characterized by questions about Alexa's features, “opinions,” and rhetorical or mindless questions or requests. Such interactions might be explained in light of the device's novelty, user curiosity, and the anthropomorphizing of Alexa. Many participants ignored the device due to the lack of need to interact with it, lack of awareness, or perceived awkwardness of using it in a public space. The findings could be used to inform improvements of Alexa's features, educate potential adopters about its current functionality and limitations, and inspire directions for future research.
Effect of Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) inhibitors on androgen‐sensitive and castration‐resistant prostate cancer cells
Authors: Gaur Shikha , Gross Mitchell E. , Liao Chun‐Peng , Qian Bin , Shih Jean C. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundMonoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is best known for its role in neuro‐transmitter regulation. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are used to treat atypical depression. MAOA is highly expressed in high grade prostate cancer and modulates tumorigenesis and progression in prostate cancer. Here, we investigated the potential role of MAOA inhibitors (MAOAIs) in relation to the androgen receptor (AR) pathway and resistance to antiandrogen treatment in prostate cancer.MethodsWe examined MAOA expression and the effect of MAOI treatment in relation to AR‐targeted treatments using the LNCaP, C4‐2B, and 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cell lines. MAOA, AR‐full length (AR‐FL), AR splice variant 7 (AR‐V7), and PSA expression was evaluated in the presence of MAOAIs (clorgyline, phenelzine), androgenic ligand (R1881), and antiandrogen (enzalutamide) treatments. An enzalutamide resistance cell line was generated to test the effect of MAOAI treatment in this model.ResultsWe observed that MAOAIs, particularly clorgyline and phenelzine, were effective at decreasing MAOA activity in human prostate cancer cells. MAOAIs significantly decreased growth of LNCaP, C4‐2B, and 22Rv1 cells and produced additive growth inhibitory effects when combined with enzalutamide. Clorgyline decreased expression of AR‐FL and AR‐V7 in 22Rv1 cells and was effective at decreasing growth of an enzalutamide‐resistant C4‐2B cell line with increased AR‐V7 expression.ConclusionsMAOAIs decrease growth and proliferation of androgen‐sensitive and castration‐resistant prostate cancer cells. Clorgyline, in particular, decreases expression of AR‐FL and AR‐V7 expression and decreases growth of an enzalutamide‐resistant cell line. These findings provide preclinical validation of MAOA inhibitors either alone or in combination with antiandrogens for therapeutic intent in patients with advanced forms of prostate cancer.
Lupeol, the major compound of the dichloromethane extract of Millettia macrophylla Benth (Fabaceae), displays estrogenic effects in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Zingue Stéphane , Ntsa Dieudonnée Mireille , Magne Nde Chantal Beatrice , Michel Thomas , Ndinteh Derek Tantoh , Clyne Colin , Njamen Dieudonné 
Published: January 2019

The present work deals with the assessment of the in vitro and in vivo estrogenic effects of the triterpenoids (lupenone, lupeol, and stigmastenone) isolated from Millettia macrophylla extract. The in vitro estrogenicity was performed by a reporter gene assay and estrogen receptor‐α (ERα) target gene expression, whereas the in vivo estrogenicity was evaluated by a 3‐day uterotrophic assay in ovariectomized rats. As results, lupenone and lupeol did not transactivate ERα as well as ERβ of human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. However, lupeol seems to be antagonistic to estrogen (E2) only in HEK293T‐ERα (10−9 and 10−8 μM). Furthermore, lupeol slightly upregulated GREB1 gene expression at the concentration of 1 μM, suggesting a weak activation of endogenous ERα. In vivo, only lupeol at a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly increased the uterine wet weight (p < 0.05), uterine (p < 0.05), and vaginal (p < 0.01) epithelial heights. The concomitant administration of lupeol (1 mg/kg) with a pure antiestrogen fulvestrant abrogated its effects only in the vagina, whereas in combination with E2, lupeol exhibited a significant antiestrogen‐like effect in uterine wet weight and synergistic effects on endometrium. Lupeol has estrogenic effects that is partly through ERs transcriptional activity and does involve alternative mechanisms that are still to be uncovered.
Numerical solution of the conditionally averaged equations for representing net mass flux due to convection
Authors: Weller Hilary , McIntyre William A. 
Published: January 2019

The representation of subgrid‐scale convection is a weak aspect of weather and climate prediction models and the assumption that no net mass is transported by convection in parametrizations is increasingly unrealistic as models enter the grey zone, partially resolving convection. The solution of conditionally averaged equations of motion (multifluid equations) is proposed in order to avoid this assumption. Separate continuity, temperature, and momentum equations are solved for inside and outside convective plumes, which interact via mass‐transfer terms, drag, and by a common pressure. This is not a convection scheme that can be used with an existing dynamical core—this requires a whole new model.This article presents stable numerical methods for solving the multifluid equations, including large transfer terms between the environment and plume fluids. Without transfer terms, the two fluids are not sufficiently coupled and solutions diverge. Two transfer terms are presented, which couple the fluids together in order to stabilize the model: diffusion of mass between the fluids (similar to turbulent entrainment) and drag between the fluids. Transfer terms are also proposed to move buoyant air into the plume fluid and vice versa as would be needed to represent initialization and termination of subgrid‐scale convection. The transfer terms are limited (clipped in size) and solved implicitly in order to achieve bounded, stable solutions.Results are presented for a well‐resolved warm bubble with rising air being transferred to the plume fluid. For stability, equations are formulated in advective rather than flux form and solved using bounded finite‐volume methods. Discretization choices are made to preserve boundedness and conservation of momentum and energy when mass is transferred between fluids.The formulation of transfer terms in order to represent subgrid convection is the subject of future work.
A mission management system for complex aerial logistics by multiple unmanned aerial vehicles in MBZIRC 2017
Authors: Lee Jaehyun , Shim David Hyunchul , Cho Sungwook , Shin Heemin , Jung Sunggoo , Lee Dasol , Kang Jaemin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we present a system that manages multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for a search, pickup, and drop mission in the 2017 Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge (MBZIRC). Three UAVs picked up and dropped 23 circular and rectangular targets into a designated drop box. To control the operation of three UAVs flying over an arena of 90 × 60 m, we designed and integrated a set of technologies into our system: airspace allocation, communication framework among UAVs, anticollision based on geofencing, and a token‐based prioritization for coordination. The proposed UAV system uses a single GPS and its error of a few meters is solved by means of the following component technologies: (a) flight path generator based on one reference point, (b) vision‐based redefinition of a reference point for GPS correction, and (c) calibration of flight path to update the reference point. The pickup‐and‐drop mission is conducted via color‐ and shape‐based vision processing and a magnetic gripper to pickup and drop‐off the targets. Our proposed system is able to successfully manage three UAVs, recognize targets on the ground, and drop the targets into a drop box in the drop zone. Finally, we achieved fourth place among 18 teams in Challenge 3.
Camera‐trapping version 3.0: current constraints and future priorities for development
Authors: Glover‐Kapfer Paul , Soto‐Navarro Carolina A. , Wearn Oliver R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCamera traps are a widely used tool in wildlife research and conservation, but in situ factors such as theft, poor performance in extreme environments and damage by wildlife may be hindering the effectiveness of the technology. However, we still know little about how widespread these constraints are and which are the priorities to solve in the short‐ and mid‐term. We present results from a global survey of camera‐trappers working across a diversity of institutions and habitats, and using camera traps for a range of purposes. We show that: (1) the major current constraints on effective camera‐trapping are cost, theft and sensor performance (with 66%, 50% and 42% of respondents respectively classifying those as important or extremely important barriers for camera‐trapping); (2) the most‐needed technological developments are related to sensor performance (faster triggering responses and higher sensitivity), resistance to extreme environmental conditions (extreme temperatures and high humidity) and automated filtering of blank images; and (3) there is considerable variation among camera trap manufacturers in user‐rated performance, and none of the manufacturer ratings exhibited a trend over time, despite improvements in the technology. Our results serve as valuable market research for both open‐source and commercial camera trap developers. On the basis of our survey of camera‐trappers, we foresee a transition towards camera‐trapping 3.0 in the near‐future, consisting of both more effective camera trap units, but also greater use of wireless data transmission, sensor networks, automation of processes using algorithms and better, more collaborative tools for managing and analysing camera trap data. Ultimately, this will increase the capacity of researchers and conservationists to implement coordinated wildlife monitoring at unprecedented scales.
Does aging‐friendly enhance sustainability? Evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Qian Queena K. , Ho Winky K.O. , Ochoa J. Jorge , Chan Edwin H.W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aging population is one of the demographic changes in the 21st century. World Health Organization defines an age‐friendly city as a place that has an “inclusive and accessible urban environment that promotes active aging.” It receives considerable attention in the field of gerontology and contains important aspects of sustainable urban development. Unfortunately, there have not much research that addresses the relationship between aging‐friendly and sustainability. There is a need to modify the market mechanism to achieve environmental objectives while striking a balance between social and economic considerations. This paper aims to empirically examine the integrated relationships between the dense urban environment and the social and emotional needs of the elderly in the Hong Kong context. The on‐street survey was conducted in eight districts in Hong Kong to collect the opinions about aging‐friendly criteria and sustainability indicators. It utilizes principal component analysis and multiple regression technique to unveil the mask of their intrinsic relationship. The empirical results suggest how the aging‐friendly factors have impacted the economic, environmental, and social sustainability to a certain extent. Notably, two key findings were revealed from the empirical results. (a) “Outdoor Spaces” is consistently found not to be a planning factor that can enhance three types of sustainability, irrespective of the age groups in Hong Kong; (b) “Community Support and Health Services” is regarded as a significant factor, with the exception of economic sustainability (age group ≤60).
How Does Azo Bond Cleave in the Gas Phase? Computational and Experimental Study on the Fragmentation Mechanism of Protonated Sudan I
Authors: Qi Ping , Liang Zhi‐an , Wang Ning , Zhao Jin‐Li , Chen Yu‐Zhong , Zhou Qing‐qiong , Gao Hui , Jiang Ji‐Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs a cheap but harmful additive in food industry, 1‐phenylazo‐2‐naphthol (Sudan I) has attracted lots of attentions, which mainly focused on the determinations using the HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS techniques. However, the fragmentation mechanisms are generally scarce. In this paper, the fragmentation pathways of protonated Sudan I in gas‐phase were investigated by a combination of electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Initially, the cleavage of azo bond is triggered by ionizing proton migration from the oxygen atom of O‐protonated Sudan I to adjacent N atom through a six‐member ring transition state, leading to a single ion‐neutral complex (INC‐s). Subsequently, the direct decomposition of INC‐s gives the naphtol nitrene ion at m/z 156. Meanwhile, INC‐s may occur an intermolecular single electron transfer (SET) reaction via the crossing points (INC‐mecp), affording the triple ion‐neutral complex (INC‐t) consisting of naphtol nitrene radical and aniline radical ion. Finally, followed by the decomposition of INC‐t, the aniline radical ion at m/z 156 is formed. Further studies on Electrostatic potential map, Natural population analysis (NPA) and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) during the proposed mechanism are also found to be in good agreement with experimental observations. Taken together, our results presented here not only provide mechanistic information for better understanding the Sudan I, but also give insights into other related harmful additives in food industry.
Effect of Self‐Doped Heteroatoms in Biomass‐Derived Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Chen Dandan , Yang Lijun , Li Jiangfeng , Wu Qingsheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs a green and effective energy storage device, supercapacitors have been attractive due to their high power density along with long cycle stability. Among various electrode materials, carbon materials have drawn significant attention due to their wonderful properties, such as high specific surface area, electronic conductivity, chemical stability and porous structures. In addition, challenges come from global warming and environmental pollution, biomass derived carbon materials feature the concepts of the sustainable development of chemistry. In this, the review not only summarizes the most advanced progress in biomass derived heteroatoms self‐doped carbon materials for supercapacitor, but also provides important guidelines for the future design of biomass‐derived carbons with heteroatoms doping in specific energy applications.
Piezoelectric Microchip for Cell Lysis through Cell–Microparticle Collision within a Microdroplet Driven by Surface Acoustic Wave Oscillation
Authors: Wang Shicai , Lv Xiaoqing , Su Yue , Fan Zhiyuan , Fang Weihao , Duan Jiazhi , Zhang Shan , Ma Baojin , Liu Feng , Chen Hongda , Geng Zhaoxin , Liu Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCell lysis is an important and crucial step for the detection of intracellular secrets. Usually, cell lysis is based on strong ultrasonic waves or toxic chemical regents, which require a large amount of cell suspension. To obtain high efficiency cell lysis for a small amount of sample, a mechanical cell lysis method based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) microchip is proposed. The microchip simply consists of a piece of LiNbO3 crystal substrate, interdigitated transducers (IDTs) with 80 pairs of parallel electrodes and 3M Magic Tapes. The modulated input electrical signal is coupled into the substrate through IDTs, which produces an acoustic stream in the droplet on the surface of a substrate. When a biofluid droplet containing cells and microparticles is dropped on the surface of the microchip, the cells and microparticles are accelerated and collide with each other. The fluorescence staining results illustrate that the cell membrane is efficiently destroyed and that proteins as well as nucleic acids inside the cell are released. The experimental results show that this method has a high efficiency and low sample consumption. The potential application is the pretreatment of a small amount of tested sample in a hospital or biolab.