bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Identify the Problems Faced by the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Growers in Hoshiarpur District of Punjab
Authors: . Deepti , Bhalla J. S. , Mohapatra L. 
Published: July 2019

The study entitled status and prospects of medicinal and aromatic plants in Hoshiarpur district of Punjab was under taken with the objectives to identify the problems faced by the medicinal and aromatic plants growers in Hoshiarpur district of Punjab. Four blocks of Hoshiarpur district namely Bhunga, Dasuya, Hajipur and Talwara were selected, 20 farmers were selected from the each block thus the total sample comprised of 80 farmers for the present study were selected. The data were collected by personal interview approach method, tabulated and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The findings of the study revealed that 87.50 per cent farmers were growing wheat as their main crop, 17.50 per cent farmers facing problems related to Unfavourable government policies and 75 per cent farmers suggested that rates should be more.
Assessment of Weekly Water Surplus/Deficit in the Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Mandale V. P. , Bansod R. D. 
Published: July 2019

Climate change and its impact on water resources are one of the most important issues affecting world agriculture at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The last four decades have witnessed extensive research concerning climatic variability and trends of climatic parameters in different regions and for the different time scale. Climatic water supply, as well as demand, was changed in different regions of the world affect the food and nutritional security of the region. Crop water requirement was also affected by the variation of meteorological parameters under the conditions of climate change. The present study was undertaken to evaluate tehsil-wise weekly water surplus/deficit availability during the rainy season (June to October) in the Ahmednagar district for a period of 2001 to 2016. Water surplus and the deficit were estimated by weekly rainfall and reference crop evapotranspiration. Results of the study revealed that weekly water availability was very meagre during the rainy season in the Panrner nd Kopargaon tehsil. A number of surplus weeks in this two tehsil were only four weeks which is less than 20 per cent weeks. It was observed that in the Akole tehsil highest 12 (50%) weeks were surplus followed by 9 weeks in Jamkhed tehsil. Remaining tehsils had existed water surplus only during 6 to 8 number of weeks in the district. In the Ahmednagar district rainfall is not sufficient to fulfil crop water requirement and needs supplemental irrigation facility to get maximum returns. Some of the weeks are showing water surplus in the many tehsils of the district, but its probability is less than 50 percent which is not assured.
Use of Aquatic Plants in Mine Wastewater Purification
Authors: Turdaliyeva Kh. S. , Huzhzhiev S. A. , Safarov K. S. 
Published: July 2019

A comparative study of the role of some aquatic plants in the biological treatment of wastewater from the “Koch-Bulak” mine of the Angren mining department were carried out. The experiments were taken in laboratory conditions in aquariums. Hydrochemical and elemental analyses of wastewater from the Koch-Bulak mine of the Angren mining department were carried out before and after the cultivation of Carolina azolla, Pistis teloreous and Eichhornia crassipes. Features of the growth and development of the studied plants in the mine wastewater are identified. The smallest increase in biomass in the laboratory showed Carolina azolla, the largest - Pistis teloreous. Elemental composition of the studied plants was carried out by the neutron activation analysis. Specific and organ-specific differences in the accumulation of chemical elements in the biomass of aquatic macrophytes are revealed as well. The study results revealed possibilities of use of the aquatic plants: Carolina azolla, Pistis teloreous and Eichhornia crassipes for the purpose of mine waters’ purification with high effectiveness.
Prevalence of Migraine and Trigger Factors among Adult Rural Sudanese Population 2018
Authors: Halay Sayed , Saror Shaima , Abdalla Asma Abdelaal , Balla Siham Ahmed , Elmukashfi Taha Ahmed , Awadalla Heitham , Abdelrahman Amani , Swareldahab Zeinab , Amara Zeinab , Malik Elfatih , Mirgani Kamil , Mohmed Haieder Abuahmed 
Published: July 2019

Background: Migraine is one of the most common types of headache; it is a chronic neurological disease that affects 15% of the population, however, information about its prevalence in Sudan is scarce.
Aim: The aim of this study was to study prevalence of migraine and trigger factors among adult rural Sudanese population in 2018.
Setting and Design: This is a cross sectional two-stage door-to-door community-based study conducted in 16 administrative areas in rural Sudan.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 8610 adult Sudanese individuals, 18 years and above was selected. A structured pretested questionnaire was used included questions about two or more headaches in the last three months for screening. Participants with at least one positive response were asked to perform the 3-item validated Identification of Migraine (ID Migraine) test. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20 for descriptive statistics and one way chi square test was used for testing the association of triggering factors with migraine at 95% confidence level of significant.
Results: Four hundred and sixty eight had migraine with a prevalence rate of 5.4% among 8610 study population. The prevalence of migraine was 40% among those having at least two episodes of headache. Females were significantly affected by migraine more than males, P- value 0.044. Migraine significantly decreases with increase in age showed the highest frequency among the age group 18-29 years (38.0%). Family history of migraine accounted to 83.4% of population with migraine. Population with migraine who experienced aura was 64.5%. Already diagnosed population with migraine was 38.9%.The most important triggering factors among population with migraine were irregular/lack of sleep followed by stress/anxiety, noise and fatigue/physical activity, 91.0%, 88.0%, 85.7% and 84.6% respectively. The females experienced migraine with menstruation accounted to 46.7%. Perceived migraine effect was moderate to severe on work/ daily activities/ leisure of 78.2% of population with migraine.
Conclusion: Migraine prevalence was alarming in this study. A gap exists in the diagnosis of migraine that needs efforts to reduce the sufferings of affected population.
Abnormal fatty acid metabolism is a core component of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Deguise Marc‐Olivier , Baranello Giovanni , Mastella Chiara , Beauvais Ariane , Michaud Jean , Leone Alessandro , De Amicis Ramona , Battezzati Alberto , Dunham Christopher , Selby Kathryn , Warman Chardon Jodi , McMillan Hugh J. , Huang Yu‐Ting , Courtney Natalie L. , Mole Alannah J. , Kubinski Sabrina , Claus Peter , Murray Lyndsay M. , Bowerman Melissa , Gillingwater Thomas H. , Bertoli Simona , Parson Simon H. , Kothary Rashmi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder leading to paralysis and subsequent death in young children. Initially considered a motor neuron disease, extra‐neuronal involvement is increasingly recognized. The primary goal of this study was to investigate alterations in lipid metabolism in SMA patients and mouse models of the disease.MethodsWe analyzed clinical data collected from a large cohort of pediatric SMA type I–III patients as well as SMA type I liver necropsy data. In parallel, we performed histology, lipid analysis, and transcript profiling in mouse models of SMA.ResultsWe identify an increased susceptibility to developing dyslipidemia in a cohort of 72 SMA patients and liver steatosis in pathological samples. Similarly, fatty acid metabolic abnormalities were present in all SMA mouse models studied. Specifically, Smn2B/‐ mice displayed elevated hepatic triglycerides and dyslipidemia, resembling non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Interestingly, this phenotype appeared prior to denervation.InterpretationThis work highlights metabolic abnormalities as an important feature of SMA, suggesting implementation of nutritional and screening guidelines in patients, as such defects are likely to increase metabolic distress and cardiovascular risk. This study emphasizes the need for a systemic therapeutic approach to ensure maximal benefits for all SMA patients throughout their life.
Conductive MXene Nanocomposite Organohydrogel for Flexible, Healable, Low‐Temperature Tolerant Strain Sensors
Authors: Liao Hui , Guo Xuelin , Wan Pengbo , Yu Guihua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConductive hydrogels are attracting tremendous interest in the field of flexible and wearable soft strain sensors because of their great potential in electronic skins, and personalized healthcare monitoring. However, conventional conductive hydrogels using pure water as the dispersion medium will inevitably freeze at subzero temperatures, resulting in the diminishment of their conductivity and mechanical properties; meanwhile, even at room temperature, such hydrogels suffer from the inevitable loss of water due to evaporation, which leads to a poor shelf‐life. Herein, an antifreezing, self‐healing, and conductive MXene nanocomposite organohydrogel (MNOH) is developed by immersing MXene nanocomposite hydrogel (MNH) in ethylene glycol (EG) solution to replace a portion of the water molecules. The MNH is prepared from the incorporation of the conductive MXene nanosheet networks into hydrogel polymer networks. The as‐prepared MNOH exhibits an outstanding antifreezing property (−40 °C), long‐lasting moisture retention (8 d), excellent self‐healing capability, and superior mechanical properties. Furthermore, this MNOH can be assembled as a wearable strain sensor to detect human biologic activities with a relatively broad strain range (up to 350% strain) and a high gauge factor of 44.85 under extremely low temperatures. This work paves the way for potential applications in electronic skins, human−machine interactions, and personalized healthcare monitoring.
Multitargeted Nanoparticles Deliver Synergistic Drugs across the Blood–Brain Barrier to Brain Metastases of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor‐Associated Macrophages
Authors: Zhang Tian , Lip Hoyin , He Chunsheng , Cai Ping , Wang Zhigao , Henderson Jeffrey T. , Rauth Andrew M. , Wu Xiao Yu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPatients with brain metastases of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a poor prognosis owing to the lack of targeted therapies, the aggressive nature of TNBC, and the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that blocks penetration of most drugs. Additionally, infiltration of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) promotes tumor progression. Here, a terpolymer‐lipid hybrid nanoparticle (TPLN) system is designed with multiple targeting moieties to first undergo synchronized BBB crossing and then actively target TNBC cells and TAMs in microlesions of brain metastases. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that covalently bound polysorbate 80 in the terpolymer enables the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐mediated BBB crossing and TAM‐targetability of the TPLN. Conjugation of cyclic internalizing peptide (iRGD) enhances cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and drug delivery to brain metastases of integrin‐overexpressing TNBC cells. iRGD‐TPLN with coloaded doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC) (iRGD‐DMTPLN) exhibits higher efficacy in reducing metastatic burden and TAMs than nontargeted DMTPLN or a free DOX/MMC combination. iRGD‐DMTPLN treatment reduces metastatic burden by 6‐fold and 19‐fold and increases host median survival by 1.3‐fold and 1.6‐fold compared to DMTPLN or free DOX/MMC treatments, respectively. These findings suggest that iRGD‐DMTPLN is a promising multitargeted drug delivery system for the treatment of integrin‐overexpressing brain metastases of TNBC.
Autoclavable and Injectable Cryogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Villard Pierre , Rezaeeyazdi Mahboobeh , Colombani Thibault , Joshi‐Navare Kasturi , Rana Devyesh , Memic Adnan , Bencherif Sidi A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrior to any clinical application, terminal sterilization of biomaterials is a critical process imposed by the Food and Drug Administration. Of all the methods available for sterilization, high‐pressure steam sterilization such as autoclaving is the most widely used. While autoclave sterilization minimizes pathogen contamination, it can dramatically impact both structural and biological properties of biomaterials. It has recently been reported that injectable cryogels with shape memory properties hold great promises as 3D macroporous biomimetic scaffolds for biomedical applications including tissue engineering. In this study, the impact of autoclave sterilization on properties of a series of cryogels is measured. Unlike conventional hydrogels, cryogels made of natural polymers demonstrate a strong resilience to autoclave sterilization. This process does not alter either their macrostructural or unique physical properties including syringe injectability. The scaffolds' bioactive sites are preserved and autoclaved cryogels retain their excellent cytological compatibility post‐autoclaving. Furthermore, autoclaved cryogels do not trigger a notable activation of primary murine bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells suggesting a minimal risk for biomaterial‐induced inflammation, which is further confirmed by an in vivo histologic analysis. In summary, these results further demonstrate the huge potential of cryogels in the biomedical field and their capacity to be translated into clinical applications.
Thiol–Gelatin–Norbornene Bioink for Laser‐Based High‐Definition Bioprinting
Authors: Dobos Agnes , Van Hoorick Jasper , Steiger Wolfgang , Gruber Peter , Markovic Marica , Andriotis Orestis G. , Rohatschek Andreas , Dubruel Peter , Thurner Philipp J. , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Baudis Stefan , Ovsianikov Aleksandr 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo‐photon polymerization (2PP) is a lithography‐based 3D printing method allowing the fabrication of 3D structures with sub‐micrometer resolution. This work focuses on the characterization of gelatin–norbornene (Gel–NB) bioinks which enables the embedding of cells via 2PP. The high reactivity of the thiol‐ene system allows 2PP processing of cell‐containing materials at remarkably high scanning speeds (1000 mm s−1) placing this technology in the domain of bioprinting. Atomic force microscopy results demonstrate that the indentation moduli of the produced hydrogel constructs can be adjusted in the 0.2–0.7 kPa range by controlling the 2PP processing parameters. Using this approach gradient 3D constructs are produced and the morphology of the embedded cells is observed in the course of 3 weeks. Furthermore, it is possible to tune the enzymatic degradation of the crosslinked bioink by varying the applied laser power. The 3D printed Gel–NB hydrogel constructs show exceptional biocompatibility, supported cell adhesion, and migration. Furthermore, cells maintain their proliferation capacity demonstrated by Ki‐67 immunostaining. Moreover, the results demonstrate that direct embedding of cells provides uniform distribution and high cell loading independently of the pore size of the scaffold. The investigated photosensitive bioink enables high‐definition bioprinting of well‐defined constructs for long‐term cell culture studies.
Interfacing Manganese Oxide and Cobalt in Porous Graphitic Carbon Polyhedrons Boosts Oxygen Electrocatalysis for Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Lu Xue Feng , Chen Ye , Wang Sibo , Gao Shuyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRational design and synthesis of highly active and robust bifunctional non‐noble electrocatalysts for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are urgently required for efficient rechargeable metal–air batteries. Herein, abundant MnO/Co heterointerfaces are engineered in porous graphitic carbon (MnO/Co/PGC) polyhedrons via a facile hydrothermal‐calcination route with a bimetal–organic framework as the precursor. The in situ generated Co nanocrystals not only create well‐defined heterointerfaces with high conductivity to overcome the poor OER activity but also promote the formation of robust graphitic carbon. Owing to the desired composition and formation of the heterostructures, the resulting MnO/Co/PGC exhibits superior activity and stability toward both OER and ORR, which makes it an efficient air cathode for the rechargeable Zn–air battery. Importantly, the homemade Zn–air battery is able to deliver excellent performance including a peak power density of 172 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 872 mAh g−1, as well as excellent cycling stability (350 cycles), outperforming commercial mixed Pt/C||RuO2 catalysts. This work highlights the synergy from heterointerfaces in oxygen electrocatalysis, thus providing a promising approach for advanced metal–air cathode materials.
Fast Switchable Micro‐Lenticular Lens Arrays Using Highly Transparent Nano‐Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals
Authors: Pagidi Srinivas , Manda Ramesh , Bhattacharyya Surjya Sarathi , Lee Sung Guk , Song Seong Min , Lim Young Jin , Lee Joong Hee , Lee Seung Hee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA polarization‐dependent micro‐lenticular lens array (MLA) based on phase modulation of the nanostructured polymer dispersed liquid crystal (nano‐PDLC) is proposed. The transparent and optically isotropic composite is formed by photo‐polymerization induced phase separation of the LC and pre‐polymer mixture. The gradient field is generated by interdigitated electrodes and the LCs in nanosized droplets in nano‐PDLC orient along the field direction, resulting in field‐induced birefringence from the optically isotropic phase. Consequently, the MLAs are formed at the focal plane, in which its measured focal length is 22 µm at 50 Vrms. Besides, the position of focused beam in MLA device can be tuned depending on the polarization direction of an incident beam. The MLA device can realize a 3D image when the polarized 2D image arrays encounter the microlens. The proposed MLA device can pave the way toward upcoming fast switchable 2D/3D display device applications with a very fast switching time of 3.8 ms.
Lateral Bilayer MoS2–WS2 Heterostructure Photodetectors with High Responsivity and Detectivity
Authors: Ye Kun , Liu Lixuan , Liu Yujie , Nie Anmin , Zhai Kun , Xiang Jianyong , Wang Bochong , Wen Fusheng , Mu Congpu , Zhao Zhisheng , Gong Yongji , Liu Zhongyuan , Tian Yongjun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract2D heterostructures combining different layered semiconductors have received great interest due to their intriguing electrical and optical properties. However, the arbitrary growth of layers in a lateral heterostructure remains a challenge. Here, the synthesis of large‐scale lateral bilayer (LBL) WS2–MoS2 heterostructures is reported by a two‐step chemical vapor deposition route. Raman, photoluminescence, and second‐harmonic generation images show the sharp boundaries between WS2 and MoS2 domains in the heterostructure. Atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy further reveals that sharp boundaries are formed by seamless connections via a lateral zigzag epitaxy between WS2 and MoS2. Notably, the photodetector device based on the LBL WS2–MoS2 heterostructure exhibits ultrahigh photoresponsivity and detectivity (6.72 × 103 A W−1 and 3.09 × 1013 Jones for 457 nm laser light, respectively), orders of magnitude higher than those of MoS2 and WS2 monocrystals. These excellent performances render LBL WS2–MoS2 heterostructures as promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronics.
Mg2+‐Alloyed All‐Inorganic Halide Perovskites for White Light‐Emitting Diodes by 3D‐Printing Method
Authors: Adhikari Gopi Chandra , Thapa Saroj , Zhu Hongyang , Zhu Peifen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAll‐inorganic halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl−, Br−, and I−) are brought to the forefront of research focus in the field of modern lighting technology. However, due to the toxic element (Pb2+), environmentally friendly white‐light emissions are difficult to achieve, thus limiting their practical applications. Herein, high‐quality Mg2+‐alloyed CsPb1−x
Mgx
X3 (up to 20%) nanocrystals (NCs) are synthesized. The structural and optical properties are investigated. The application of these NCs in white‐light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is also demonstrated. The incorporation of Mg2+ into CsPb1−x
Mgx
X3 NCs results in a lattice contraction without a change in structure and morphology, blue‐shifts in the photoluminescence emission, and increased bandgap. Then, the tunable emission (≈408–650 nm) is obtained by adjusting the compositions of different halides (for 20% Mg2+). Most importantly, for the first time, 3D printed thin color conversion layers for different color emitting NCs (green, yellow, and red) are stacked on top of the blue‐LEDs to achieve high‐quality white light emission. A bright neutral white‐light with a correlated‐color temperature of 5806 K, a high color‐rendering index of 89, CIE coordinates of (0.32, 0.33), a small Duv (<0.003), and high luminous efficacy of radiation of 280 lm W−1 is achieved.
On the Relation between the Open‐Circuit Voltage and Quasi‐Fermi Level Splitting in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Caprioglio Pietro , Stolterfoht Martin , Wolff Christian M. , Unold Thomas , Rech Bernd , Albrecht Steve , Neher Dieter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractToday's perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are limited mainly by their open‐circuit voltage (VOC) due to nonradiative recombination. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the relevant recombination pathways is needed. Here, intensity‐dependent measurements of the quasi‐Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and of the VOC on the very same devices, including pin‐type PSCs with efficiencies above 20%, are performed. It is found that the QFLS in the perovskite lies significantly below its radiative limit for all intensities but also that the VOC is generally lower than the QFLS, violating one main assumption of the Shockley‐Queisser theory. This has far‐reaching implications for the applicability of some well‐established techniques, which use the VOC as a measure of the carrier densities in the absorber. By performing drift‐diffusion simulations, the intensity dependence of the QFLS, the QFLS‐VOC offset and the ideality factor are consistently explained by trap‐assisted recombination and energetic misalignment at the interfaces. Additionally, it is found that the saturation of the VOC at high intensities is caused by insufficient contact selectivity while heating effects are of minor importance. It is concluded that the analysis of the VOC does not provide reliable conclusions of the recombination pathways and that the knowledge of the QFLS‐VOC relation is of great importance.
Measuring dynamic biased technical change in Lithuanian cereal farms
Authors: Baležentis Tomas , Oude Lansink Alfons 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChanges in substitutability among inputs and outputs can help farms adapt to economic, technological, or societal changes. However, measurement of technical bias has only been carried out in a static framework, ignoring the confounding effects of technical bias due to adjustment costs. This paper integrates two streams of literature, that is one measuring dynamic inefficiency and the other measuring technical bias, thereby offering non‐parametric measures of technical bias for dynamic production technology. The dynamic framework explains the changes in the extent of output foregone to enable investments. The proposed framework is applied to a panel of data of Lithuanian cereal farms over the period 2004–2014. The results show technical change was, on average, more biased toward increasing output rather than investment. Technical change has been more focused on labor‐usage, relative to land and intermediate consumption in the same period.