bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleocene metamorphism along the Pennine–Austroalpine suture constrained by U–Pb dating of titanite and rutile (Malenco, Alps)
Authors: Picazo Suzanne M. , Ewing Tanya A. , Müntener Othmar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present in situ rutile and titanite U–Pb geochronology for three samples from the Ur breccia, which forms the boundary between the Malenco unit and the Margna nappe (Eastern Central Alps) near Pass d’Ur in southeast Switzerland. These sampled both oceanic brecciated material and a blackwall reaction zone in contact with a micaschist and serpentinized peridotite. Peak temperatures during Alpine metamorphism in these units were ~ 460 ± 30 °C. Textural observations combined with new geochronological data indicate that rutile and titanite both grew below their closure temperatures during Alpine metamorphism. We present a technique to calculate the most precise and accurate ages possible using a two-dimensional U–Pb isochron on a Wetherill concordia. Rutile from two samples gave a U–Pb isochron age of 63.0 ± 3.0 Ma. This age conflicts with previous 39Ar–40Ar data on heterogeneous amphiboles from which an age of 90–80 Ma was inferred for the high pressure part of the Alpine evolution, but is consistent with K–Ar ages and Ar–Ar ages on phengitic white mica. Titanite from three samples gave a U–Pb isochron age of 54.7 ± 4.1 Ma. This age is consistent with Rb–Sr isochron ages on mylonites along and in the footwall of the Lunghin–Mortirolo movement zone, a major boundary that separates ductile deformation in the footwall from mostly localized and brittle deformation in the hangingwall. Our ages indicate a Paleocene rather than upper Cretaceous metamorphism of the Pennine–Austroalpine boundary and permit at most ~ 15 Myr, and possibly much less, between the growth of rutile and titanite.
On the linear stability of nearly Kähler 6-manifolds
Authors: Semmelmann Uwe , Wang Changliang , Wang M. Y.-K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe show that a strict, nearly Kähler 6-manifold with either second or third Betti number nonzero is linearly unstable with respect to the$$\nu $$ν-entropy of Perelman and hence is dynamically unstable for the Ricci flow.
Synthesis and cellular effects of novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives in DLD and Ht-29 human colon cancer cell lines
Authors: Wróbel Agnieszka , Kolesińska Beata , Frączyk Justyna , Kamiński Zbigniew J. , Tankiewicz-Kwedlo Anna , Hermanowicz Justyna , Czarnomysy Robert , Maliszewski Dawid , Drozdowska Danuta 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis study provides new information on the cellular effects of 1,3,5-triazine nitrogen mustards with different peptide groups in DLD and Ht-29 human colon cancer cell lines. A novel series of 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives bearing 2-chloroethyl and oligopeptide moieties was designed and synthesized. The most cytotoxic derivative was triazine with an Ala-Ala-OMe substituent on the ring (compound 7b). This compound induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in the DLD-1 and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines. The triazine derivative furthermore induced apoptosis through intracellular signaling pathway attenuation. Compound 7b may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer.
The emergence of a new weed in maize plantations: characterization and genetic structure using microsatellite markers
Authors: Díaz A. , Taberner A. , Vilaplana L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of this work was to assess the genetic variability and structure of a new weed in Spanish maize fields, and investigate its geographical patterns using 17 microsatellites. Commercial maize varieties (C), maize-like weeds (MLW), putative hybrids with C (WCH), and teosintes (Tm:Zea maysssp.mexicanaand Tp:Z. maysssp.parviglumis) were analyzed. The weed genetic diversity (MLW and WCH: 0.52) was the lowest (C: 0.59, Tm: 0.66, and Tp: 0.71). Weeds (0.21) and teosintes (Tm: 0.27, Tp: 0.34) showed positive values for the inbreeding coefficient (FIS), which agrees with their low values for the observed heterozygosity (HO), common in wild species; whereas C exhibited a negativeFISvalue (− 0.06, excess of heterozygous), common in domesticated species. Major clustering agreed with the different types of samples, even if some of the most hybridized weeds branched with the C cluster. Within the weeds, an evident tendency to group together depending on their geographical origin was perceived. Structure analyses confirmed the contribution of C to the genome of those weeds with the highest degree of hybridization. Consistently, the genetic variation (FST) was not negligible only when the teosintes were compared to the C group. Most of the molecular variance occurred within populations (51.83%) and not among populations (10.09%), with the highest value (32.33%) being found within the weed population. These new weeds seem to have a complex origin. Even if they are related to both, C and teosintes (Tm and Tp), they form an unidentified and genetically distinct group (FST: 0.13).
Make Way for the Robots! Human- and Machine-Centricity in Constituting a European Public–Private Partnership
Authors: Rommetveit Kjetil , van Dijk Niels , Gunnarsdóttir Kristrún 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article is an analytic register of recent European efforts in the making of ‘autonomous’ robots to address what is imagined as Europe’s societal challenges. The paper describes how an emerging techno-epistemic network stretches across industry, science, policy and law to legitimize and enact a robotics innovation agenda. Roadmap is the main metaphor and organizing tool in working across the disciplines and sectors, and in aligning these heterogeneous actors with a machine-centric vision along a path to make way for ‘new kinds’ of robots. We describe what happens as this industry-dominated project docks in a public–private partnership with pan-European institutions and a legislative initiative on robolaw. Emphasizing the co-production of robotics and European innovation politics, we observe how well-known uncertainties and scholarly debates about machine capabilities and human–machine configurations, are unexpectedly played out in legal scholarship and institutions as a controversy and a significant problem for human-centered legal frameworks. European robotics are indeed driving an increase in speculative ethics and a new-found weight of possible futures in legislative practice.
CME–HSS Interaction and Characteristics Tracked from Sun to Earth
Authors: Heinemann Stephan G. , Temmer Manuela , Farrugia Charles J. , Dissauer Karin , Kay Christina , Wiegelmann Thomas , Dumbović Mateja , Veronig Astrid M. , Podladchikova Tatiana , Hofmeister Stefan J. , Lugaz Noé , Carcaboso Fernando 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In a thorough study, we investigate the origin of a remarkable plasma and magnetic field configuration observed in situ on June 22, 2011, near L1, which appears to be a magnetic ejecta (ME) and a shock signature engulfed by a solar wind high-speed stream (HSS). We identify the signatures as an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME), associated with a C7.7 flare on June 21, 2011, and its interaction with a HSS, which emanates from a coronal hole (CH) close to the launch site of the CME. The results indicate that the major interaction between the CME and the HSS starts at a height of $1.3~\mbox{R}_{\odot }$
1.3

R
⊙

up to $3~\mbox{R}_{\odot }$
3

R
⊙

. Over that distance range, the CME undergoes a strong north-eastward deflection of at least $30^{\circ }$

30
∘

due to the open magnetic field configuration of the CH. We perform a comprehensive analysis for the CME–HSS event using multi-viewpoint data (from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatories, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and the Solar Dynamics Observatory), and combined modeling efforts (nonlinear force-free field modeling, Graduated Cylindrical Shell CME modeling, and the Forecasting a CME’s Altered Trajectory – ForeCAT model). We aim at better understanding its early evolution and interaction process as well as its interplanetary propagation and related in situ signatures, and finally the resulting impact on the Earth’s magnetosphere.
A holistic study of neonicotinoids neuroactive insecticides—properties, applications, occurrence, and analysis
Authors: Buszewski Bogusław , Bukowska Małgorzata , Ligor Magdalena , Staneczko-Baranowska Irena 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Among pesticides and foliar sprays involved in the treatment of seed, soil, and grass, also to crops, an important group is neonicotinoids. Neonicotinoid pesticides present similar properties with nicotine, but the mentioned compounds are less harmful for humans. Nevertheless, neonicotinoids are poisonous to insects and some invertebrates, which can act against insects’ central nervous system, leading to their death. Moreover, neonicotinoids can affect the reproduction, foraging, and flying ability of honeybee and other insects including pollinators. In the present study, some neonicotinoids, such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam together with their toxic effects, have been presented. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies these neonicotinoids as II and III class toxicity agents. Due to accumulation of these pesticides into the pollen of treated plants, especially due to their toxic effects against pollinators, the consequences of the occurrence of these insecticides have been discussed. Analytical aspects and methods involved in the isolation and determination of this class of pesticides have been presented in this contribution.
Using the Morris sensitivity analysis method to assess the importance of input variables on time-reversal imaging of seismic sources
Authors: Franczyk Anna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The time-reversal imaging method has become a standard technique for seismic source location using both acoustic and elastic wave equations. Although there are many studies on the determination of the relevant parameter for visualization of the time-reversal method, little has been done so far to investigate the accuracy of seismic source location depending on parameters such as the geometry of the seismic network or underestimation of the velocity model. This paper investigates the importance of the accuracy of seismic source location using the time-reversal imaging method of input variables such as seismic network geometry and the assumed geological model. For efficient visualization of seismic wave propagation and interference, peak-to-average power ratio was used. Identification of the importance of variables used in seismic source location was obtained using the Morris elementary effect method, which is a global sensitivity analysis method.
A simple and reliable method for creating PCR-detectable mutants in Arabidopsis with the polycistronic tRNA–gRNA CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Hui Liangliang , Zhao Min , He Junqi , Hu Yingying , Huo Yanshuang , Hao Houyan , Hao Yaqi , Zhu Weining , Wang Yuhua , Xu Min , Fu Aigen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To develop an easy and robust method for creating genetically stable and easily detectable Arabidopsis mutants, we adopted the polycistronic tRNA–gRNA CRISPR/Cas9 (PTG/Cas9) system, a multiplex gene-editing tool in rice, with PTOX as the reporter gene. The PTG/Cas9 system has a great potential in generating large deletions detectable by PCR, which greatly simplifies the laborious work of mutant screening. We constructed a PTOX–PTG/Cas9 system with five gRNAs and introduced it into Arabidopsis. At T1 generation, 24.4% of transgenic plants were chimeric with PCR-detectable deletions in PTOX locus, but no homozygous mutant was found, indicating that gene editing occurred predominantly in somatic cells. After a self-cross propagation, 60% of T1 chimeric plants were able to produce homozygous, heterozygous, or bi-allelic ptox offsprings. Inheritable homozygous ptox mutants without Cas9 gene can be obtained earliest at T2 generation. We further targeted five other genes using the same procedure and achieved homozygous Cas9-free mutants with large deletions for all genes within three generations. We established a standard and reliable protocol to generate stable inherited deletion mutants in 2–3 generations along with simple PCR screening methods. We conclude that the rice PTG/Cas9 system is an efficient, easy, and rapid tool to edit genes in Arabidopsis. We propose that it could be applied to other genes in Arabidopsis, and it might have the potential to edit genes in other plant species as well.
Working Memory Training Is Associated with Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity in Children Who Were Born Extremely Preterm: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tseng Chieh-En Jane , Pascoe Leona , Roberts Gehan , Doyle Lex W. , Lee Katherine J. , Thompson Deanne K. , Seal Marc , Josev Elisha K. , Chen Jian , Nosarti Chiara , Anderson Peter J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChildren born extremely preterm (EP; < 28 weeks of gestation) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; < 1000 g) are at increased risk of working memory deficits compared with their term-born peers and may benefit from working memory training. This study aimed to determine whether Cogmed Working Memory Training®, compared with a placebo training program, was associated with changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsfc) and whether these changes correlated with working memory performance in EP/ELBW children. Twenty-one 7-year-old EP/ELBW children were enrolled in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial and had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments (Cogmed,n = 12; placebo (a non-adaptive version of Cogmed),n = 9). Prior to training (baseline) and 2 weeks post-training, all children received a cognitive assessment, inclusive of immediate memory and working memory measures and an MRI. The Cogmed Improvement Index was used as a measure of improvement in trained activities in the Cogmed group. Resting-state functional MRI was used to measure training-related changes in intra- and inter-network rsfc. The networks assessed include the default mode network, the left and right central executive networks, the bilateral executive network, the dorsal attention network, and the salience network. rsfc data were compared between treatment groups and investigated in relation to changes in working memory performance. There was little evidence of differences in intra- or inter-network rsfc strength changes from baseline to post-training between treatment groups. In the Cogmed group, working memory performance was associated with increased rsfc from baseline to post-training within the precuneus network, but not in the placebo group. In the Cogmed group, results that did not survive multiple comparison correction further showed that improvement in trained activities was associated with increased rsfc between the left central and bilateral executive networks, and with decreased rsfc within the right central executive network and between the right central executive and salience networks. Changes in rsfc may facilitate working memory performance following Cogmed training. Further studies are needed to investigate how changes in rsfc are associated with behavioral changes to better support working memory in vulnerable groups.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with obsessive
compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bation Rémy , Mondino Marine , Le Camus Florent , Saoud Mohamed , Brunelin Jerome 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe mental disorder with
poor response to the available treatments. Neuroimaging studies have
identified dysfunctions within the
orbito-fronto-striato-pallido-thalamic network in patients with OCD.
Here, we assessed the efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS) applied with the cathode over the orbitofrontal
cortex (OFC) and the anode over the right cerebellum to decrease OCD
symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant OCD.

Methods:
In a randomized sham-controlled double-blind study, 21 patients with
OCD were assigned to receive ten 20-min sessions (two sessions per day)
of either active (2 mA) or sham tDCS. The clinical symptoms were
measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive and Compulsive Scale (YBOCS).
Acute effects on the symptoms were measured from baseline to immediately
after the 10 tDCS sessions. Long-lasting effects were measured 1 and 3
months after the 10th tDCS session.

Results:
Compared with the sham tDCS, active tDCS significantly decreased OCD
symptoms immediately after the 10th tDCS session
(F(1,19) = 5.26, p = 0.03). However, no
significant differences were observed between the active and sham groups
in terms of changes in YBOCS score or the number of responders one and 3
months after tDCS.

Conclusion:
Despite significant acute effects, tDCS with the cathode placed over
the left OFC and the anode placed over the right cerebellum was not
significantly effective in inducing a long-lasting reduction of symptoms
in patients with treatment-resistant OCD.
Subjective response to antipsychotics in bipolar disorders: A review of a
neglected area
Authors: Strejilevich S.A. , Camino S. , Caravotta P. , Valerio M. , Godoy A. , Gordon C. , Goldfarb M.R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
The term “subjective response to antipsychotic” (SRA) refers to
changes in the subjective state experienced due to antipsychotic (AP)
exposition that is independent of the therapeutic or physical side
effects of these drugs. This dimension of analysis has been extensively
explored in schizophrenic disorders, finding that negative SRA is an
early and independent predictor of compliance as well as a successful
pathway to construct current theoretical frameworks of these disorders.
There is an increasing use of AP in bipolar disorders’ treatment (BD)
but no reviews on the topic have been published to date in this
population. The aim of this work is to review published data of SRA in
BD patients and to discuss their clinical and theoretical
implications.

Methods:
An extensive search in online databases was performed. Reports were
reviewed and included if they described SRA in BD or included
instruments aimed to assess it. Reports of cognitive, sexual, motor
autonomic side effects were excluded. Findings were summarized in a
narrative fashion.

Results:
Nine reports fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in
the revision, reporting data from 1282 BD patients. Among these, three
were prospective studies and three explored relations between SRA and
treatment compliance.

Conclusions:
There is an asymmetry between the increase in the use of
antipsychotics in BD and the lack of data regarding the SRA.
Phenomenologically, SRA in BD is similar to that found in schizophrenic
subjects. Some of these symptoms may be misdiagnosed as depressive
symptoms. The existing data show that SRA has a strong correlation with
treatment compliance as well as a promising way to develop theoretical
paradigms for these disorders.
The Epistemology of Disagreement: Why Not Bayesianism?
Authors: Mulligan Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDisagreement is a ubiquitous feature of human life, and philosophers have dutifully attended to it. One important question related to disagreement is epistemological: How does a rational person change her beliefs (if at all) in light of disagreement from others? The typical methodology for answering this question is to endorse asteadfastorconciliatorydisagreement norm (and not both) on a priori grounds and selected intuitive cases. In this paper, I argue that this methodology is misguided. Instead, a thoroughgoinglyBayesianstrategy is what's needed. Such a strategy provides conciliatory norms in appropriate cases and steadfast norms in appropriate cases. I argue, further, that the few extant efforts to address disagreement in the Bayesian spirit are laudable but uncompelling. A modelling, rather than a functional, approach gets us the right norms and is highly general, allowing the epistemologist to deal with (1) multiple epistemic interlocutors, (2) epistemic superiors and inferiors (i.e. not just epistemic peers), and (3) dependence between interlocutors.
Spatial analysis of economic and social determinants of vote: the case of the European Parliament and constitutional referendum votes in Italy
Authors: Truglia Francesco Giovanni , Zeli Alessandro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe 2014 European Parliament election and the 2016 Constitutional Referendum in Italy occurred in the middle of two general elections. These votes, taking place respectively at the beginning and the end of the government led by Matteo Renzi of the Democratic Party (PD), represented a public test of the PD leadership. The election results were diverse in many respects, but they replicate social, economic, political, and cultural differences. In particular, between the two electoral exercises the differential electoral behaviour of South compared with the rest of the country is deepened. Moreover, the results can be interpreted as the outcome of differences in age, educational levels, social, and economic unrest; all these variables are synthesized by the territorial distribution of the vote and this helps in interpreting the evolution of political sentiment in Italy. A spatial statistics methodology is utilized to analyse votes by means of their territorial distributions. The outcomes indicate that referendum result was influenced by the economic vote. Apart from the substance of the constitutional reform, the referendum result can be traced back to economic factors: the absence of perceived economic improvements and the persistence of high unemployment.
THE DETERMINANTS OF ANTI-GOVERNMENT PROTESTS IN ASIA
Authors: Choi Chonghyun , Kim Dongwook 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhat determines cross-national variations in the extent of anti-government protests in Asia? Anti-government protests have surged across Asia in recent years, with many contributing to consequential political change. However, systematic cross-national comparison of the determinants of protests in Asia is still largely missing. This article fills this important gap by quantitatively examining the explanatory power of the three main theories of contentious politics—grievance, resource mobilization, and political process theories—in the Asian context with new data on anti-government protests in all 25 Asian states from 1990 to 2016. The analysis finds that urbanization, information and communication technology, and regional demonstration effects are the strong catalysts of anti-government protests in Asia, while repressive state capacity particularly dampens protests. The findings offer important insights into the dynamics of the anti-government protests that have become increasingly salient in Asian politics.