bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Techniques and Degrees of Ripeness on the Nutritional Qualities and Carotenoid Profiles of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum).
Authors: Ibrahim Asiata Omotayo , Abdul-Hammed Misbaudeen , Adegboyega Samuel Adewale , Olajide Monsurat , Aliyu Akeem Abefe 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tomato is a significant vegetable crop with numerous health benefits derived from its carotenoids, flavonoids and other phytonutrients contents. This work studies the nutritional qualities and carotenoids contents of five different cultivars of tomatoes (San Marz, Nasmata, Roma VF, Ogbomoso local and 4-lobes). The variations of pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugar, total solid, lycopene and beta-carotene contents of these tomatoes were investigated under ambient temperature and field ripening techniques and the mean values of these parameters investigated at different ripening stages and techniques were compared. Lycopene contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in tomatoes subjected to field ripening compared with those ripened under ambient temperature. The highest lycopene content (17.18 μg/g) was observed in Roma VF cultivar at fully-ripe stage under field ripening technique while the lowest value (0.64 μg/g) was in 4-lobes cultivar at semi-ripe stage under ambient temperature ripening. Similar trend was observed in the variation of betacarotene (a pro-Vitamin A index) among the tomato cultivars. The evaluated reducing sugar contents (ranging from 1.84 to 5.23 μg/g) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fully-ripe tomatoes compared to semi-ripe ones under field ripening and the trend was reversed for some cultivars under ambient temperature ripening. The titratable acidities of the tomatoes were significantly higher at the semi-ripe stage (0.24 to 0.38 %) under field ripening than those obtained under ambient temperature ripening (0.15 to 0.25 %). The pH of the tomatoes ranged from 3.58 to 4.07 and 3.46 to 5.40 under field and ambient temperature ripening, respectively, and the higher pH values obtained under ambient temperature ripening condition could make such tomatoes unsuitable in tomato processing plants. Consumption of tomatoes for the purpose of dietary antioxidant lycopene and pro-Vitamin A could maximally be achieved at fully-ripe stage under field ripening condition.
An Assessment of Anaerobic Thermophilic Co-Digestion of Dairy Cattle Manure and Separated Tomato Greenhouse Waste in Lab-Scale Reactors
Authors: Kovačić Đurđica , Kralik Davor , Jovičić Daria , Spajić Robert 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of dairy cow manure (DCM) and separated tomato greenhouse waste (tomato stalks and leaves (TSL) and rotten and damaged tomato fruits – TF) was conducted under batch thermophilic conditions (T = 55 °C) for period of 45 days. Concentrations of substrates (tomato waste) were 5 and 10% (w/v). Each substrate, as well as experimental mixtures, was analysed in order to specify the content of pH, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total extractable nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC). Biogas yield and composition, as well as cumulative biogas curves, were reported. In comparison to DCM monodigestion (329.5 cm3·g−1 VS), biogas yield was significantly improved in experiment C (365.1 cm3·g−1 VS) (with 5% (w/v) TF added), whereas methane yield did not show any significant difference. Experiment D (with 10% (w/v) TSL added) resulted in significantly lower biogas and methane yields in contrast to the rest of experiments performed. Average methane content in all analysed experimental samples ranged from 65 to 69%. It is evident from the results that biogas production can be improved by addition of separated tomato greenhouse waste to DCM process and issue of organic waste disposal could be effectively solved.
Comparison of PVD Coatings Nacro4 and TIALN + DLC Deposited on High Contact Ratio Gearing Interacting With Conventional and Ecological Lubricants
Authors: Fürstenzeller Adam , Tóth František , Kadnár Milan , Rusnák Juraj , Bošanský Miroslav 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Proposed paper deals with experimental tests performed on the Nieman M01 FZG test rig. Experiments were carried out in accordance with STN 65 6280 standard for FZG scuffing tests, from which load values for each load level were obtained. HCR gears made of 16MnCr5 material were utilized during experimental tests. Gear surface was deposited by PVD coatings of nACRo4 and TiAlN + DLC. Conventional lubricant MADIT PP 90H and biological lubricant OMW Biogear S150 were selected for lubrication environments. Aim of the experimental tests lied in application and comparison of PVD coatings deposited on HCR gears. Values of the maximum height of the assessed profile Rz for tip and reference diameters were measured after each load level. Results of experimental tests were statistically processed and relations between the maximum height of assessed profile Rz and load levels for both utilized coatings in both environments were established on the basis of these results.
Comparison of Mainstream Smoke Composition from CR20 Resin Filter and Empty-Cavity Filter Cigarettes by Headspace SPME Coupled with GC×GC TOFMS and Chemometric Analysis
Authors: Brokl Michał , Morales Valle , Bishop Louise , Wright Christopher G. , Liu Chuan , Focant Jean-François , Nicol James , McAdam Kevin G. 
Published: June 2019

Summary
A previously established method based on headspace solidphase microextraction (HS-SPME) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has been used to evaluate and compare the profiles of semi-volatile compounds present in mainstream tobacco smoke particulate matter trapped on glass fibre filters for two types of cigarettes differing only in filter design. In the first cigarette, the filter cavity contained approximately 60 mg of a weakly basic macroporous polystyrene resin cross-linked with divinyl benzene and with surface amine functionality (CR20), whereas in the second cigarette, it was empty.
Relative quantitative analysis, chemical identification, and chemical grouping allowed the use of both parametric and non-parametric analyses to identify differences in the chemical composition of the smokes from these cigarettes. The analysis demonstrated that in addition to the selective partial removal of volatile carbonyls and HCN demonstrated previously, CR20 selectively, but incompletely removed 316 compounds from the particulate phase of cigarette smoke, mainly aryl and aromatic hydrocarbons as well as other more volatile species. In contrast, the relative proportion of amines, hydroxylated aromatic compounds and less volatile species was increased in the smoke from the cigarette containing CR20 in the filter.
Our findings show that high resolution GC techniques combined with mass spectrometry and chemometric approaches are powerful tools for deconvoluting the complexity of combustion aerosols, as well as helping to identify changes in chemical composition resulting from modifications to cigarette designs. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 28 (2019) 231–249]
Education for Sustainability: Developing Ecocritical Literature Circles in the Student Teacher Classroom
Authors: Guanio-Uluru Lykke 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
How can student-teachers learn efficient ways to encourage sustainability thinking in their pupils and fulfil the competence aims on sustainability outlined in national subject curriculums as a response to UNESCO’s programme on Education for Sustainable Development, ESD? The core hypothesis of this project was that tailored literature circles, focused on the ecocritical aspects of literary texts, would make student-teachers aware of how they can use literature as a process to reflect on sustainability. This would enable them to incorporate sustainability thinking into their own teaching practices.
The project’s tailoring of the standard literature circle roles (Daniels 1994, 2002, 2006) involved the design of reading roles that highlighted ecocritical and generic aspects of the studied texts and the application of an analytical matrix developed by literary scholars researching the representation of nature in children’s and young adult literature. This article presents the results of a small-scale study testing the ecocritical literature circles approach and its impact on student-teachers’ conception of their own ability to meet the competence aims on sustainability in their teaching. The intervention included lectures on ecocriticism and on the posthuman debate prior to the literature circles and student feedback through pre- and post-circle questionnaires. It was implemented in the teacher-training classroom, working with dystopian science fiction texts for young adults. These texts present the reader with visions of the future. The study showed that the ecocritical literature circles, and in particular the ecocritical reading roles, were considered useful by the participating student-teachers. The participants also reported a significant increase in confidence relative to their own ability to discuss sustainability issues with their pupils.
The Need for a Sustainable and Balanced Critical Approach in Book Reviews
Authors: Demir Cuneyt 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Book reviews are important in offering guidance to prospective readers. What is expected from them is to be not only informative and evaluative but also unbiased and balanced. Therefore, the use of correct discourse is necessary to prevent asymmetrical domination of the reviewer, and to create a healthy setting to sustain credibility of book reviews in terms of prospective readers. In that sense, this study investigated two discourse devices, namely euphemism and dysphemism. Euphemism can be defined as polite and agreeable words or expressions that are used in place of harsh or offensive ones; however this research investigated if these expressions might lead to undue praise for a book. On the other hand dysphemism is a kind of language that uses disparaging and derogatory terms instead of complimentary or neutral ones. Reviewers may consciously or unconsciously use these linguistic devices in their critiques of books, however; the balance between them is of great importance because any unbalanced negative or positive critical act may bring about unfair judgements in would-be readers regarding the quality of the mentioned book. The present study investigated a hundred book reviews and picked up euphemistic and dysphemistic expressions. The result is of importance in helping the book reviewers to choose the true word of expression without being unnecessarily soft or offensive. Any possible biases against a book because of book reviewers’ inattentive word selection may be prevented in view of the present study. Finally, this study is important for instructors of academic writing to increase their awareness for the importance of discourse devices in book reviews, which is necessary for sustainable development of education; in other words, instructors of academic writing at universities may rearrange their instruction curriculums through saving a slot for euphemism and dysphemism for prospective students.
Scenarios of a Sustainable E-leadership for Thai Higher Educational Institution Leaders in 2027
Authors: Sathithada Kittiya , Niramitchainont Poschanan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
E-leadership has not been thoroughly explored, especially in Thai higher educational institutions. This study was conducted in a scenario planning workshop with 20 participants who were administrators, lecturers, staff members, and stakeholders of both Thai public and private higher educational institutions. The aim of this research was to develop the scenarios for Thai higher educational institution leaders to use E-leadership in 2027. The three scenarios for educational leaders to use E-leadership were developed for future Thai higher educational institutions and were e-leaders and international collaborations; e-leaders, innovation and sustainable environment; and e-leaders and the current situation. The scenarios were developed using STEEP analysis. The social aspect includes the phenomenon of youth called “digital natives”, increased individual learning and society of learning, generation gap, well-educated employees, and an aging society. The technological aspect is acclimatizing to the need of users, advancing technology and innovation, technology being everywhere, and competition within technology development. The economic aspect considers increase in oil prices, investment in university, increasing numbers of cross-institutions, and rapid economic growth in ASEAN. The environmental aspect considers global warming, climate change, and redesigns learning space. Lastly, the political aspect considers government policies in education and improved environmental governance. It does not only benefit higher education, but also schools or any organization that could apply this sustainable education research to develop human resources for the future.
“Verbindlichkeit”: Some drafts of a groundwork in moral philosophy
Authors: Moskopp Werner 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
All of metaethical positions today can be replaced by a universal architecture of moral philosophy, all but one: moral realism. Here, I use the term “metaethics” to refer to any theory of ethics concerning the groundwork of ethics, on the one hand, and the inquiry of the use of philosophical words, concepts or methods on the other. In this article, I will present my hypothesis that in moral philosophy, we do not need any specialized metaethics at all. Metaethics as a discipline of philosophy is only required by the work of moral realists, who try to show us a realm of values and norms that exist (per se) naturally, non-naturally or supernaturally. How can they know? The effort of metaethical realists cannot be proven either in ontology or in the philosophy of language or in cognitive science or in any meta-science that works en plus to ethics, because even in every additional discipline, we have to accept the presupposition of a validity of judgments. So, let us try it the other way around; we have to find a way to found ethics by following its structures, and that means, based on David Velleman’s concepts: a) We have to search for a ubiquitous point of ethical theory in its foundation – here, no kind of value or norm can be found that is not based on a universal formal structure of normativity. b) We have to start an empirical inquiry to collect norms and values in actual use. MFT, moral psychology and moral sociology are in charge here. The combination of such an abstract groundwork with mere empirical study has to be legitimized again. Hence, I am going to try to sum up the main ideas of such a project to show the relevance of a new architecture of moral philosophy today. There is a line of reasoning that addresses the possibility of a transcendental critique in practical philosophy; therefore, it has to look into the different notions of “intuition” in moral methods like it was used by Sidgwick (Rashdall, Green, Ross, Brentano, McTaggart) and Moore on the one hand and Brentano and Bergson on the other. In my view, there is a way to combine these perspectives using the two-level-model of Hare, Singer, Greene, where “intuition” is used to categorize habits and customs of the common sense morality in general while a critical reflection uses act-utilitarian calculus to provide a universal decision – in the sense of “concrete reason” – for any possible actor in a singular situation (Hegel, Peirce, Bloch etc.). The change between these levels may be explained by means of a pragmatistic kind of continuum of research with an ideal summum bonum in the long run and a concept of common sense morality as can be found in every group or society.
Modernism and nihilism of the Constitution for the Earth
Authors: Lesňák Slavomír 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article uses the post-modern Nietzsche affirmation as a criterion for an analysis of the philosophical concept of the Constitution for the Earth (Šmajs, 2015) and other texts by Josef Šmajs, the principal author of the theory of evolutionary ontology. The author draws the attention of the group of authors of the Constitution for the Earth to the risk of the modernist and nihilist application of evolutionary ontology and proposes that the theory be extended to include new criteria and methods to enable it to be applied in a more acceptable manner. The author places efforts aimed at the biophilic transformation of culture into the value-based and ethical framework of moderate anthropocentrism instead of the ecocentric approach preferred by the creators of evolutionary ontology. The author also underlines the risk of the application of an ecocentric approach through the application of recent analysis of media presentations of those who support and deny climate change in the work entitled Environmental Ethics and Behavioural Change (Franks, Hanscomb & Johnston, 2018).
Effective altruism for the poor
Authors: Synowiec Jakub 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to contribute to the debate on effective altruism. It is an attempt to present it as a universal moral proposition – not only a new charity model for the richest citizens of the world. The article starts with a definition of a hypothetical group of relatively-poor effective altruists. Their hypothetical living conditions and opportunities are juxtaposed with the theory of effective altruism developed by Peter Singer and William MacAskill and with career guides proposed by 80000hours.org – one of the websites gathering effective altruists. In the last part, selected practices for relatively poor effective altruists are described. The conclusion of the paper is, that although most of the reflections behind the concept of effective altruism are developed for the richest people in the world, it is a universal ethical position that can be applied into lives of relatively poor people, whose contribution should not be underestimated.
AGV Brake System Simulation
Authors: Varecha Daniel , Kohar Robert , Brumercik Frantisek 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article is focused on braking simulation of automated guided vehicle (AGV). The brake system is used with a disc brake and with hydraulic control. In the first step, the formula necessary for braking force at the start of braking is derived. The stopping distance is 1.5 meters. Subsequently, a mathematical model of braking is created into which the formula of the necessary braking force is applied. The mathematical model represents a motion equation that is solved in the software Matlab by an approximation method. Next a simulation is created using Matlab software and the data of simulation are displayed in the graph. The transport speed of the vehicle is 1 〖m.s〗^(-1) and the weight of the vehicle is 6000 kg including load. The aim of this article is to determine the braking time of the device depending from the input data entered, which represent the initial conditions of the braking process.
Effective Use of the Potential of Rail Freight Corridors in the East - West Direction
Authors: Dedík Milan , Dlugoš Matúš , Gašparík Jozef , Abramović Borna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The development of the transport sector is a long-term and continual process. This leads to a gradual increase in economic performance, economic growth and a deeper integration of the EU countries into the global economic structures. This contribution is focused on the problem of usage of the east – west corridors for the freight transport in transit. There are proposed for the new transport connections between China and Europe. The aim of the new connections is speed up of transport process of good flows. When proposing new corridor routes and new options for interconnection of the European rail network, basic deterministic methods of network analysis - the critical path method of the CPM and the CCM critical chain can be used. The aim is also to offer new options for development of rail transportation.
Exploring the Connections between Land Use and Transportation: A Case Study of Shaheb Bazar to Rail Gate Road, Rajshahi City
Authors: Sarker Dulal , Khan Abdur Rouf , Islam Muhaiminul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Land use-transportation comprehensive planning has become an increasingly common technique in regional and sub-regional planning processes. Since land use management strategies act as an effective tool to achieve transportation planning objectives, it is important to identify the relationship between land use pattern and travel behaviour. This study examined the relationship between transportation and land use in Rajshahi city. Rajshahi is a major urban, commercial and educational centre of Bangladesh. In Rajshahi, Shaheb bazaar zero points to New Market road is one of the most important roads. After construction of this road in 2013 intense development has taken place beside it. To identify this primary relationship data has been collected from different types of field survey. Then the impact of land use and transportation has been determined by comparing with the previous database. The findings of the study show that there exist a reciprocal relationship between land use and transportation system and the impacts on both. The study also notes that the impact of transportation on land use is more than the impact of land use on transportation. The study will help to control the haphazard growth and traffic congestion of the concerned area in the future.
The Brand Value and its Impact on Sales in Automotive Industry
Authors: Nadanyiova Margareta , Gajanova Lubica , Moravcikova Dominika , Olah Judit 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of this article is to define the theoretical basis of brand value from the viewpoint of domestic (Slovak) and foreign authors and its impact on sales. This includes a regression and correlation analyses focused on investigate the dependence between the brand value and sales in automotive industry. The basic sources of research were secondary data obtained from worldwide surveys in the form of rankings published by Forbes magazine, annual reports of companies and published professional publications. General scientific methods were applied for the processing of the data, as well as mathematical-statistical methods to evaluate the data collated from the results of regression and correlation analyses and test the linear independence. The results of analyses show that the brand value and sales are linearly dependent, specifically it is medium-strong direct linear dependence. Therefore, the brand value has a direct effect on sales volume.
Dynamic magnetoelastic properties of TbxHo0.9−xNd0.1(Fe0.8Co0.2)1.93/epoxy composites
Authors: Shen W.C. , Lin L.L. , Shen C.Y. , Xing S. , Pan Z.B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
TbxHo0.9−xNd0.1(Fe0.8Co0.2)1.93/epoxy (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.40) composites are fabricated in the presence of a magnetic field. The structural and dynamic magnetoelastic properties are investigated as a function of both magnetic bias field Hbias and frequency f at room temperature. The composites are formed as textured orientation structure of 1–3 type with 〈1 0 0〉 preferred orientation for x ⩽ 0.10 and 〈1 1 1〉-orientation for x ⩾ 0.25. The composites generally possess insignificant eddy-current losses for frequency up to 50 kHz, and their dynamic magnetoelastic properties depend greatly on Hbias. The elastic modulus (E3
H and E3
B) shows a maximum negative ΔE effect, along with a maximum d33, at a relatively low Hbias ~ 80 kA/m, contributed by the maximum motion of non-180° domain-wall. The 1–3 type composite for x ⩾ 0.25 shows an enhanced magnetoelastic effect in comparison with 0 to 3 type one, which can be principally ascribed to its easy magnetization direction (EMD) towards 〈1 1 1〉 axis and the formation of 〈1 1 1〉-texture-oriented structure in the composite. These attractive dynamic magnetoelastic properties, e.g., the low magnetic anisotropy and d33
,
max as high as 2.0 nm/A at a low Hbias ~ 80 kA/m, along with the light rare-earth Nd element existing in insulating polymer matrix, would make it a promising magnetostrictive material system.