bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive potential of Perzyna viscoplastic modelling for granular geomaterials
Authors: Lazari Maria , Sanavia Lorenzo , di Prisco Claudio , Pisanò Federico 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper reappraises Perzyna‐type viscoplasticity for the constitutive modelling of granular geomaterials, with emphasis on the simulation of rate/time effects of different magnitude. An existing elasto‐plastic model for sands is first recast into a Perzyna viscoplastic formulation and then calibrated/validated against laboratory test results on Hostun sand from the literature. Notable model features include (1) enhanced definition of the viscous nucleus function and (2) void ratio dependence of stiffness and viscous parameters, to model the pycnotropic behaviour of granular materials with a single set of parameters, uniquely identified against standard creep and triaxial test results. The comparison between experimental data and numerical simulations points out the predicative capability of the developed model and the complexity of defining a unique viscous nucleus function to capture sand behaviour under different loading/initial/boundary and drainage conditions. It is concluded that the unified viscoplastic simulation of both drained and undrained response is particularly challenging within Perzyna's framework and opens to future research in the area. The discussion presented is relevant, for instance, to the simulation of multiphase strain localisation phenomena, such as those associated to slope stability problems in variably saturated soils.
Cohesive fracture analysis using Powell‐Sabin B‐splines
Authors: Chen Lin , de Borst René 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPowell‐Sabin B‐splines, which are based on triangles, are employed to model cohesive crack propagation without a predefined interface. The method removes limitations that adhere to isogeometric analysis regarding discrete crack analysis. Isogeometric analysis requires that the initial mesh be aligned a priori with the final crack path to a certain extent. These restrictions are partly related to the fact that in isogeometric analysis, the crack is introduced in the parameter domain by meshline insertions. Herein, the crack is introduced directly in the physical domain. Because of the use of triangles, remeshing and tracking the real crack path in the physical domain is relatively standard. The method can be implemented in existing finite element programmes in a straightforward manner through the use of Bézier extraction. The accuracy of the approach to model free crack propagation is demonstrated by several numerical examples, including discrete crack modelling in an L‐shaped beam and the Nooru‐Mohamed tension‐shear test.
On the optimality of the sequential approach for network design problems of service operations
Authors: Baron Opher , Berman Oded , Deutsch Yael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe consider the problem of service network design: choosing the optimal number, locations, and service capacities of facilities, taking into account that facilities may have a finite or an infinite waiting room. Accordingly, our service measure is either the percentage of blocked customers or the percentage of customers who need to wait in line. The goal is to minimize the total cost, which consists of costs associated with traveling, blocking or queueing delay, service capacities, and operating (fixed) costs. We derive structural results when facilities are on a two‐node network, and then use them to study the problem for a general network. We prove that the cost of service capacity and the cost of blocking or queueing delay are independent of the number of opened facilities as long as all facilities are identical in terms of their design parameters c and K (or only c in the case of an infinite waiting room). We use our results to develop an efficient algorithm that solves the problem for general networks. Finally, to demonstrate the applicability of our results and tractability of our algorithm, we discuss as an example an industrial‐size problem, which considers the drive‐through operations of McDonald's in the Toronto metropolitan area.
High expression of CCR5 in melanoma enhances epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis via TGFβ1
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Caihong , Ma Xuhui , Tian Yang , Wang Chunying , Fu Yan , Luo Yongzhang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChemokine receptors are highly expressed in various cancers and play crucial roles in tumor progression. However, their expression patterns and functions in melanoma are unclear. The present study aimed to identify the chemokine receptors that play critical roles in melanoma progression and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that CCR5 was more abundant in melanoma cells than normal cells and was positively associated with tumor malignancy in clinical patients. Animal experiments suggested that CCR5 deficiency in B16/F10 or A375 cells suppressed primary tumor growth and lung metastasis, whereas CCR5 overexpression in B16/F0 cells enhanced primary tumor growth and lung metastasis. CCR5 played a critical role in proliferation and migration of melanoma cells in vitro. Importantly, CCR5 was required for maintenance of the mesenchymal phenotype of metastatic melanoma cells. Mechanistically, CCR5 positively regulated expression of TGFβ1, which in turn induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and migration via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling. Collectively, our results establish a critical role of CCR5 expressed by melanoma cells in cancer progression and reveal the novel mechanisms controlling this process, which suggests the prognostic value of CCR5 in melanoma patients and provides novel insights into CCR5‐targeted strategies for melanoma treatment. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In utero effects of maternal phthalate exposure on male genital development
Authors: Wineland Rebecca J. , Bloom Michael S. , Cruze Lori , Butts Celeste D. , Wenzel Abby G. , Unal E. Ramsey , Kohno Satomi , Willan Keith B. , Brock John W. , Newman Roger B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPhthalates are used extensively in commercial and personal care products and maternal exposure is ubiquitous. Phthalates are anti‐androgenic, but the potential effects of phthalates on male penile development have not been assessed in utero.ObjectiveThe study aims to investigate the association between early pregnancy phthalate exposure and fetal penile development, overall and by race.MethodsProspective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies presenting for prenatal ultrasound between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation. Maternal urine samples were assayed for eight phthalate monoester metabolites. We used maternal phthalate levels at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation as predictors of fetal size using multiple linear regression models, adjusted for fetal gestational age, maternal age, race, smoking, and education. We incorporated a phthalate by race interaction into a second set of regression models.ResultsWe detected statistically significant race interactions for continuous phthalates with penile width. Race interactions were also suggested for penile length and volume using tertiles of phthalates with point estimates generally positive for whites and negative for African Americans.ConclusionPenile development is significantly influenced by race, and the impact of maternal phthalates on penile measurements also varies by race. Maternal phthalate exposure can adversely affect in utero penile growth and development, especially among African Americans.
In‐Depth Proteome Analysis of Ricinus communis Pollens
Authors: Teixeira Fabiano M. , Shah Mohibullah , Domont Gilberto B. , Nogueira Fábio C.S. , Campos Francisco A.P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPollen grains are tiny structures vital for sexual reproduction and consequently seed and fruit production in angiosperms, and a source of many allergenic components responsible for deleterious implications for health worldwide. Current pollen research is mainly focused on unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the pollen germination and tube formation passing from the quiescent stage. In this context, an in‐depth proteome analysis of the pollens from Ricinus communis at three different stages—that is, mature, hydrated, and in vitro germinated—is performed. This analysis results in the identification of 1950 proteins, including 1773, 1313, and 858, from mature, hydrated, and germinated pollens, respectively. Based on label‐free quantification, 164 proteins are found to be significantly differentially abundant from mature to hydrated pollens, 40 proteins from hydrated to germinated, and 57 proteins from mature to germinated pollens, respectively. Most of the differentially abundant proteins are related to protein, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism and signaling. Besides other functional classes, a reasonable number of the proteins are predicted to be allergenic proteins, previously undiscovered. This is the first in‐deep proteome analysis of the R. communis pollens and, to the best of our knowledge, one of the most complete proteome dataset identified from the pollens of any plant species, thus providing a reference proteome for researchers interested in pollen biology.
Intercation spacing and side chain effects on phosphonium polymers: Thermal, supramolecular, and bactericidal properties
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Bedford Monte S. , Wan Wang , Conrad Catherine A. , Colter Emily F. , Freeman Emily H. , Wilson Clayton , Hu Longyu , Chumanov George , Whitehead Kristi J. , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe properties of phosphonium polyelectrolytes (PELs) were evaluated in an effort to assess the influence of both side chain and main chain composition. The influence of side chain was examined by comparing properties of a series of PELs having hydrophobic octyloxy side chains to those of structural analogues lacking the side chains. The influence exerted by backbone flexibility/length of spacer between charges was revealed by comparing properties of two series of polymers with a variable number of methylene units between phosphonium charge‐bearing sites. Side chain composition and spacing between phosphonium units lead to noteworthy influence on thermal stability, glass transition, and crystallinity. The molecular structure of PELs also correlates with trends in film morphology and critical surface energy of PEL dip‐cast films. Sensitivity of morphology to humidity or water in the casting solvent was observed. Supramolecular assembly of films via layer‐by‐layer deposition of PELs alternating with anionic polythiophene derivative layers was also undertaken. The linearity of film growth, amount of material deposited in each bilayer, polycation:polyanion ratio, and film roughness all show noteworthy trends that depend on both the presence/absence of side chains and on spacing between ionic centers. The relationship between side chain and spacer on bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was assessed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 24–34
Effects of annealing above Tg on the physical aging of quenched PLLA studied by modulated temperature FTIR
Authors: Di Lisio Valerio , Sturabotti Elisa , Francolini Iolanda , Piozzi Antonella , Martinelli Andrea 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe effect of the annealing few degrees above the glass transition temperature (Tda = 62 °C) on the physical aging (Tpa = 51 °C) of amorphous quenched poly(l‐lactide) is investigated by an implementation of variable temperature Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). By using a temperature program composed of a linear heating ramp superimposed to a temperature modulation (modulated temperature FTIR), the reversing and nonreversing intensity variation of selected bands, related to high‐energy gg and low‐energy gt conformers, is investigated. It is observed that the annealing above T
g changes irreversibly the conformation distribution of the liquid polymer. The glasses obtained from annealed and nonannealed liquids behave differently, evolving in the physical aging toward their own liquid state and retaining the memory of their original condition before the vitrification. The recovery through T
g of the relaxation occurred in the physical aging depends not only from aging conditions but also by the thermal history of the sample above the Tg. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 174–181
Detection and Identification of the Traces of Explosives with Using of Active Spectral Imaging
Authors: Kuzovnikova Liudmila V. , Maksimenko Eugene V. , Vorozhtsov Alexander B. , Pavlenko Anatolii A. , Didenko Alexander V. , Titov Sergei S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn optical‐electronic laser complex for the standoff detection of traces of explosives was developed with using of the Active Spectral Imaging. The tuning and automatization of the developed complex were performed. Experimental researches in detection of traces of various types of explosives on different substrates were carried out. On average, the probability of detection was 89 % and the probability of identification was 91 %.
Pyrotechnic Films Based on Thermites Covered with PVC
Authors: Smit Kenneth J. , Morgan Michael , Pietrobon Raoul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIncorporation of pyrotechnics into a polymer film of approximately 0.5 mm thick can be used to conveniently prepare pyrotechnics for characterization and demonstration purposes as shown with various thermites. Pyrotechnics may be prepared from fuels and oxidants as sieve mixed powders or dispersed into liquids and mixed together. In this way thermites, including nanothermites, may be prepared as solid films. The matrix of the film is composed of poly(vinyl chloride) however the thermite still undergoes solid thermite reactions because the majority of the polymer dries above the pyrotechnic layer. The process also facilitates control over thermite ignition as shown when appropriate priming layers are sequentially added to ignite an Al/Fe2O3 thermite layer. The resultant product of the additive manufacturing technique is a multilayered pyrotechnic thin film.
L‐theanine ameliorate depressive‐like behavior in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model via modulating the monoamine levels in limbic–cortical–striatal–pallidal–thalamic‐circuit related brain regions
Authors: Shen Manjun , Yang Yi , Wu Ying , Zhang Beibei , Wu Haishan , Wang Lu , Tang Hui , Chen Jindong 
Published: November 2018

L‐theanine, originally found in green tea, elicits various physiological effects, such as promoting relaxation, improving concentration and learning ability, and providing antianxiety‐like and antidepressant‐like properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of L‐theanine (2 mg/kg) on monoamine levels in an animal model of depression. The effect of l‐theanine on the symptoms of depression was examined through the open‐field test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test. The monoamine neurotransmitters that involve serotonin (5‐HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) were measured in the limbic–cortical–striatal–pallidal–thalamic (LCSPT)‐circuit related brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAC), striatum (ST), amygdala, and hippocampus (HIP). L‐theanine ameliorated the depressive‐like behaviors in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model. In the PFC, NAC, and HIP, L‐theanine administration significantly increased the levels of 5‐HT, NE, and DA. In the ST, the levels of 5‐HT and DA were increased after the administration of L‐theanine. However, in the HIP, only the level of DA significantly changed after the treatment of L‐theanine. Taken together, these results indicated that L‐theanine has possibly antidepressant‐like effects in the CUMS rat model, which could be mediated by the monoamine neurotransmitters in the LCSPT‐circuit related brain regions.
An Economical Synthesis of Caulerpin and Evaluation of Its New Anticancer Activities
Authors: Li Hangbin , Liao Xiaojian , Sun Yueguang , Zhou Rong , Long Weili , Li Le , Gu Liuqun , Xu Shihai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCaulerpin was economically synthesized with a new easy‐handled procedure in higher overall yield of 25.4%, compared to overall yield of 11% in reported literature. Evaluation of caulerpin in new types of cancer cell lines was performed and generally excellent biological activities were observed. In which, caulerpin showed the most activity in human liver tumor cell line (Huh7: IC50 =0.7 μM).
Ni(OH)2 Nanoflakes Supported on 3D Ni3Se2 Nanowire Array as Highly Efficient Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitor and Ni/MH Battery
Authors: Shi Xin , Key Julian , Ji Shan , Linkov Vladimir , Liu Fusheng , Wang Hui , Gai Hengjun , Wang Rongfang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPorous Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes are directly grown on the surface of nickel foam supported Ni3Se2 nanowire arrays using an in situ growth procedure to form 3D Ni3Se2@Ni(OH)2 hybrid material. Owing to good conductivity of Ni3Se2, high specific capacitance of Ni(OH)2 and its unique architecture, the obtained Ni3Se2@Ni(OH)2 exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1689 µAh cm−2 (281.5 mAh g−1) at a discharge current of 3 mA cm−2 and a superior rate capability. Both the high energy density of 59.47 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 100.54 W kg−1 and remarkable cycling stability with only a 16.4% capacity loss after 10 000 cycles are demonstrated in an asymmetric supercapacitor cell comprising Ni3Se2@Ni(OH)2 as a positive electrode and activated carbon as a negative electrode. Furthermore, the cell achieved a high energy density of 50.9 Wh L−1 at a power density of 83.62 W L−1 in combination with an extraordinary coulombic efficiency of 97% and an energy efficiency of 88.36% at 5 mA cm−2 when activated carbon is replaced by metal hydride from a commercial NiMH battery. Excellent electrochemical performance indicates that Ni3Se2@Ni(OH)2 composite can become a promising electrode material for energy storage applications.
Multilevel States of Nano‐Electromechanical Switch for a PUF‐Based Security Device
Authors: Hwang Kyu‐Man , Kim Wu‐Kang , Jin Ik Kyeong , Lee Seung‐Wook , Choi Yang‐Kyu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA nano‐electromechanical (NEM) switch using multilevel states based on the high security physical unclonable function (PUF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Using the asymmetric random stiction of a silicon nanowire (SiNW), the conventional binary state is simply expanded to a quaternary‐state encryption key without increasing chip area. The multiple states are determined by the asymmetrically bent direction and stiction of the SiNW. The experimental results show that the fabricated NEM‐PUF with multistates retains unique, random, and robust characteristics, while the key capacity is doubled, even with the same array size footprint.
Cambrian trilobites from the Huérmeda Formation (Iberian Chains, north‐east Spain) and the inadequacy of the Marianian Stage
Authors: Álvaro J. Javier , Esteve Jorge , Gracia Fernando , Zamora Samuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA taxonomic study of the trilobites found in the Marianian parastratotype of the Iberian Chains, north‐east Spain, results in the recognition of the new redlichiid Redlichia isuelaensis sp. nov., the ellipsocephalid Lusatiops ribotanus, and the saukiandids Onaraspis garciae sp. nov., Paulaspis tiergaensis gen. et sp. nov. and Luciaspis matiasi gen. et sp. nov. The diagnosis of the new Subfamily Onaraspininae (Saukiandidae) and its genera takes into account distinct differences in the thorax, which is subdivided into prothorax with spinose and/or macropleural tergites and opistothorax with micropleurid segments. Onaraspis geyeri sp. nov. is erected based on material previously described in Jordan, which was assigned to poorly preserved material of Myopsolenites palmeri from Israel. The temporal correlation of Marianian endemic‐dominant trilobites throughout the Variscan tectonostratigraphic units of the Iberian Peninsula is not supported by acritarchs, archaeocyaths or trilobites. Three diachronous horizons have been proposed to mark the base of the Marianian (based on the first occurrence of two trilobite genera and one archaeocyathan assemblage zone) and two diachronous horizons for the top (based on the first and last occurrence of different trilobite genera). As a result, the Cambrian Epoch‐2 Marianian Stage is ill‐defined and rendered invalid for correlation throughout the Iberian Peninsula.
Conclusions: Coming to Terms with Superdiversity?
Authors: Crul Maurice , Scholten Peter , van de Laar Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOur quest in this book was to unravel how the city of Rotterdam comes to terms with its superdiverse character. It speaks to the rapidly evolving literature on superdiversity by taking as the central case study a city that may be representative of a much broader range of cities in Europe (and beyond) that seem reluctant in coming to terms with superdiversity, and that are not ranked as global cities. The example of Rotterdam reveals the spectrum of contradictions and paradoxes that come along with this uncomfortable relationship with superdiversity. Rotterdam is both a city of inclusion, the first with a mayor of Moroccan descent, and a city of exclusion, with political discourses in the City Council that are exclusionary and sometimes outright discriminatory. The core question to be addressed in this concluding chapter is why in some cities, like Rotterdam, the transformation into a superdiverse city is more problematic and accompanied by political upheaval, while in other cities it seems to be a more smooth process. The term superdiversity is merely describing a certain reality that characterizes Rotterdam and is not used as a normative term. With this book, we want to contribute to the growing literature that is trying to explain under which conditions a superdiverse city or neighbourhood is perceived by its inhabitants as an overall positive configuration and under which conditions people perceive it as being a more negative phenomenon and it leads to a more negative discourse.
Walking the Walk’ Rather Than ‘Talking the Talk’ of Superdiversity: Continuity and Change in the Development of Rotterdam’s Immigrant Integration Policies
Authors: Dekker Rianne , van Breugel Ilona 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRotterdam is commonly characterised as pioneering in immigrant integration governance, often functioning as a predecessor for national and local policies in other cities. Before the first national integration policies were drafted in the Netherlands, Rotterdam already developed integration policies to deal with the interethnic tensions in the ‘Afrikaanderwijk’-neighbourhood. Also more recently Rotterdam’s policies were marked as pioneering, setting an example for other national and local policies. The best known example is the national law ‘Wet Bijzondere Grootstedelijke Problematiek’, also known as the Rotterdam Act. This national law was developed in Rotterdam and offers large cities the discretion to develop measures for specific urban problems in their city. Ethnic segregation and inequalities were the main underlying reason for Rotterdam to develop this policy. A local motto – ‘deeds, not words’ (in Dutch ‘Geen woorden maar daden’) – expresses the hands-on attitude for which the city and its citizens are known. This maxim is reflected in the city’s integration policies as well.