bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of cystic fibrosis on birthweight: a population based study of children in Denmark and Wales
Authors: Schlüter Daniela K , Griffiths Rowena , Adam Abdulfatah , Akbari Ashley , Heaven Martin L , Paranjothy Shantini , Nybo Andersen Anne-Marie , Carr Siobhán B , Pressler Tania , Diggle Peter J , Taylor-Robinson David 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundPoor growth during infancy and childhood is a characteristic feature of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the impact of CF on intrauterine growth is unclear. We studied the effect of CF on birth weight in Denmark and Wales, and assessed whether any associations are due to differences in gestational age at birth.MethodsWe conducted national registry linkage studies in two countries, using data for 2.2 million singletons born in Denmark (between 1980 and 2010) and Wales (between 1998 and 2015). We used hospital inpatient and outpatient data to identify 852 children with CF. Using causal mediation methods, we estimated the direct and indirect (via gestational age) effect of CF on birth weight after adjustment for sex, parity and socioeconomic background. We tested the robustness of our results by adjusting for additional factors such as maternal smoking during pregnancy in subpopulations where these data were available.ResultsBabies with CF were more likely to be born preterm and with low birth weight than babies with no CF (12.7% vs 5% and 9.4% vs 5.8% preterm; 11.9% vs 4.2% and 11% vs 5.4% low birth weight in Denmark and Wales, respectively). Using causal mediation methods, the total effect of CF on birth weight was estimated to be −178.8 g (95% CI −225.43 to −134.47 g) in the Danish population and −210.08 g (95% CI −281.97 to −141.5 g) in the Welsh population. About 40% of this effect of CF on birth weight was mediated through gestational age.ConclusionsCF significantly impacts on intrauterine growth and leads to lower birth weight in babies with CF, which is only partially explained by shorter gestation.
Sulu-Sulawesi Seas Patrol: Lessons from the Malacca Straits Patrol and Other Similar Cooperative Frameworks
Authors: Ikrami Hadyu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
On 19 June 2017, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines launched the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas Patrol (SSSP), a framework of maritime security cooperation aimed at protecting the Sulu Sea and Sulawesi (Celebes) Sea from maritime crimes. The three nations had announced that their cooperation might be modelled on the Malacca Straits Patrol (MSP), a similar form of cooperation between Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand to safeguard the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. This article primarily compares both cooperative frameworks, and argues that the SSSP should be modelled on the MSP, subject to certain conditions. Where there are insufficient best practices in the MSP, this article contrasts the SSSP with other similar cooperative frameworks, including the Combined Maritime Forces and the ECOWAS Integrated Maritime Strategy. In addition, this article also discusses the relationship between the SSSP and MSP on one hand, and the ASEAN maritime security mechanisms on the other hand.
The Financial Situation of Jewish Students in the Russian Empire in the Early Twentieth Century (Based Principally on Census Data from Ukraine)
Authors: Krugliak Maryna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The article defines the characteristics of the material situation of Jewish students enrolled in the higher educational institutions of the Russian Empire, using Ukraine, whose territory was part of Russia, as an example. The author shows the attitudes of the Russian authorities toward the so-called ‘Jewish question,’ illustrates the restrictions faced by Jews when entering higher educational institutions and during training. The monthly and annual budgets of Jewish students and analysis of such data by comparison with Christian students’ budgets are presented. Proof is offered that the magnitude of the Jewish student budgets to cover daily living expenses was greater than that of their Christian counterparts. The article seeks to describe and compare the living conditions of Jewish students (housing, nutrition, health situation) with conditions faced by other students in the Russian Empire.
Restratification of Abyssal Mixing Layers by Submesoscale Baroclinic Eddies
Authors: Callies Jörn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor small-scale turbulence to achieve water mass transformation and thus affect the large-scale overturning circulation, it must occur in stratified water. Observations show that abyssal turbulence is strongly enhanced in the bottom few hundred meters in regions with rough topography, and it is thought that these abyssal mixing layers are crucial for closing and shaping the overturning circulation. If it were left unopposed, however, bottom-intensified turbulence would mix away the observed mixing-layer stratification over the course of a few years. It is proposed here that the homogenizing tendency of mixing may be balanced by baroclinic restratification. It is shown that bottom-intensified mixing, if it occurs on a large-scale topographic slope such as a midocean ridge flank, not only erodes stratification but also tilts isopycnals in the bottom few hundred meters. This tilting of isopycnals generates a reservoir of potential energy that can be tapped into by submesoscale baroclinic eddies. The eddies slide dense water under light water and thus restratify the mixing layer, similar to what happens in the surface mixed layer. This restratification is shown to be effective enough to balance the homogenizing tendency of mixing and to maintain the observed mixing-layer stratification. This suggests that submesoscale baroclinic eddies may play a crucial role in providing the stratification mixing can act on, thus allowing sustained water mass transformation. Through their restratification of abyssal mixing layers, submesoscale eddies may therefore directly affect the strength and structure of the abyssal overturning circulation.
Openness, Relativity and the Radical Force of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Democratic Theory
Authors: Moraitis Yiorgos 
Published: July 2018

David James, Rousseau and German Idealism: Freedom, Dependence and Necessity, 2013. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 246, $23.27 (paperback). ISBN: 978-131-66094-84 Frederick Neuhouser, Rousseau’s Theodicy of Self-Love: Evil, Rationality and the Drive for Recognition, 2010. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 296, $27.55 (paperback). ISBN: 978-019-95920-50 Frederick Neuhouser, Rousseau’s Critique of Inequality: Reconstructing the Second Discourse, 2015. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 250, $3.55 (paperback). ISBN: 978-110-76446-63
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the negative outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity treated with laser photocoagulation
Authors: Liang Jing 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is a leading cause of potentially avertable childhood blindness around the world. And laser photocoagulation is currently performed as a gold standard for retinopathy of prematurity treatment, but it may contribute to elevated myopia and decreased visual field. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis is to explore the negative impact of laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity in terms of anatomic outcomes and structural outcomes. Methods: Studies were retrieved through literature searches in PubMed and EMBASE from 1990 to 2017 in English. Case-control studies that reported anatomic and structural changes or significant complications after laser coagulation or cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity were eligible. Results: This meta-analysis included eight original studies related to laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity at any stages. A total of 1422 infants were participated, of which 1156 documented subthreshold or threshold retinopathy of prematurity without laser treatment were selected as comparison group and the rest treated with diode or argon laser coagulation were chosen for experiment group. Taking all included studies into account, spherical equivalent (mean difference −2.53, 95% confidence interval: –5.23 to 0.18, I2 = 96%, P < 0.00001), anterior chamber depth (mean difference −0.52, 95% confidence interval: −0.76 to −0.28, I2 = 55%, P = 0.11), astigmatism (odds ratio 3.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.61 to 6.32, I2 = 0%, P = 0.54), and myopia (odds ratio 8.08, 95% confidence interval: 3.79 to 17.23, I2 = 37%, P = 0.21) were associated with laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. Axial length (mean difference −0.01, 95% confidence interval: –0.28 to 0.27, I2 = 0%, P = 0.62) and anisometropia (odds ratio 4.21, 95% confidence interval: 0.54 to 33.17, I2 = 1%, P = 0.31) had no statistical significance on laser coagulation for retinopathy of prematurity. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that spherical equivalent, anterior chamber depth, astigmatism, and myopia were associated with the negative outcomes of laser coagulation, while axial length and anisometropia had no statistical importance on the defects of laser coagulation. Therefore, patients treated with laser coagulation should follow periodic cycloplegic refraction and receive early optical correction.
Extended opening hours at nightclubs in Visby
Authors: Norström Thor , Ramstedt Mats , Svensson Johan 
Published: July 2018

Background and aims: During 10 weeks in the summer 2014 opening hours in nightclubs in Visby (Sweden) were extended by 1 hour, postponing the permitted closing time from 2 to 3 a.m. A number of preventive efforts such as Responsible Server Training, and an intensified cooperation between the police and the nightclubs were strengthened in connection with the trial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of this trial on police-reported violence. Data and methods: To estimate the effect of the trial on violence, we compared the violence rate during the intervention period (week 24–week 33, 2014) with the violence rate in the corresponding period in Visby in 2010–2013. The intervention period thus comprised 10 weeks, and the pre-intervention period 40 weeks. As outcome measure we chose police-reported assaults that had occurred at night (midnight–6 a.m.). As control series we used assaults daytime (6 a.m.–midnight). The intervention effect was estimated with the method of “difference in differences” (DiD). Interviews with key informants provided the study with an explanatory context for the trial outcomes. Results: The intervention effect was strongly statistically significant with a reduction of 3.336 reported assaults at night per week compared to the pre-intervention period. This represents a decrease of 71%. Conclusion: The trial with an extension of opening hours at nightclubs in Visby was followed by a reduction in police-reported violence. This unexpected outcome is likely to be the result of (i) the simultaneous strengthening of efficient preventive measures, and (ii) a decreased congestion in the streets resulting from increased spread in closing hours.
Open Versus Endovascular Revascularization of Below-Knee Arteries in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease and Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Meyer Alexander , Schilling Anne , Kott Magdalena , Rother Ulrich , Lang Werner , Regus Susanne 
Published: July 2018

Background: Evaluation of below-the-knee open revascularization (OR) versus endovascular revascularization (EVT) in patients with end-stage renal disease and critical limb ischemia (CLI) was performed. Patients and Methods: Seventy-seven dialysis patients with CLI and infrapopliteal involvement from 2007 to 2017 were included. Thirty-five patients received OR and 42 patients were treated with EVT. Survival, amputation-free survival (AFS) and wound-healing were evaluated. Furthermore, both groups were analyzed for differences as to anatomic (lesion length, runoff, pedal arch classification) and clinical (VSG risk score, WIfI score) characteristics. Results: Amputation-free survival (1-year AFS: OR 54.5% vs 47.6% in EVT, 2-year AFS OR 38.3% vs 23.9% EVT, P = .201) did not significantly differ between OR and EVT nor did the wound healing rate (29% OR vs 31% EVT, P = .532). Overall survival was noticeably poor (1-year survival: 66.7% in OR and 49% in EVT, 2-year survival OR 47.4% vs EVT 27.7%; P = .088); evaluation of peripheral runoff (Rutherford score 6.9 OR vs 7.1 EVT, P = .499) and pedal arch classification as well as WIfI or VSG risk score (9.8 OR vs 9.6 EVT, P = .673) could not detect significant differences as to both the groups. Treated median lesion length was significantly increased in OR patients (OR 26 cm vs EVT 7 cm, P < .001), whereas the incidence of major adverse cardiac events was higher in EVT patients (67% in EVT vs 40% OR, P = .023). Conclusion: OR and EVT showed comparable outcomes as to AFS and wound healing. Poor overall survival remains the determining factor in patients with ESRD having CLI. Both groups differ in terms of anatomic features as lesion length and severity of comorbidities; considering the comparable long-term outcomes, decision-making should be based on these premises; individually applied, each method can contribute to limb salvage, although the overall survival remains limited.
Stroke admission outside daytime working hours delays mechanical thrombectomy and worsens short-term outcome
Authors: Hoepner Robert , Weber Ralph , Reimann Gernot , Berger Klaus , Kitzrow Martin , Fischer Sebastian , Weimar Christian , Eyding Jens , Krogias Christos 
Published: July 2018

Background and purpose Rapid therapeutic decisions in acute stroke patients leading to earlier initiation of revascularization therapies are associated with better outcome. An association between regular working hours and reduced time to initiation of intravenous thrombolysis has been reported. However, its influence on mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains uncertain. We aimed to analyze the effects of admission time on door-to-groin time and stroke outcome in a large prospective stroke registry of the Neurovascular Net Ruhr in Germany. Methods Procedural times of a total of 512 patients treated with MT were analyzed. Admission to hospital during regular working days and hours (Monday to Friday, 8 am to 4 pm) was compared with admission outside these times. Door-to-groin time and the difference in NIH Stroke Scale between admission and discharge served as primary outcome parameters. Long-term functional outcome was centrally assessed with modified Rankin scale. Results MT outside regular working hours was associated with a significant mean initiation delay of 20 min. By multivariate regression analysis, every 20 min delay of MT reduced the difference in NIHSS score between admission and discharge by 0.76 points (95% CI −1.24 to −0.28, p = 0.002). Favorable long-term outcome did not differ between both treatment groups. Conclusions Treatment outside regular working hours caused a significant delay in the initiation of MT, which was associated with a decreased short-term clinical efficacy of thrombectomy. Strategies like compulsory attendance of the interventional neuroradiologist at the hospital 24/7 might result in shorter door-to-groin times and consecutive in better stroke outcome.
Platelets kill circulating parasites of all major Plasmodium species in human malaria
Authors: Kho Steven , Barber Bridget E. , Johar Edison , Andries Benediktus , Poespoprodjo Jeanne R. , Kenangalem Enny , Piera Kim A. , Ehmann Anna , Price Ric N. , William Timothy , Woodberry Tonia , Foote Simon , Minigo Gabriela , Yeo Tsin W. , Grigg Matthew J. , Anstey Nicholas M. , McMorran Brendan J. 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
Platelets directly interact with and kill circulating Plasmodium parasites in patients with malaria to help control parasitemia. In vitro platelet antiplasmodicidal activity against P knowlesi involves platelet–cell binding and intracellular accumulation of PF4.
Hypercalcemia in Glucagon Cell Hyperplasia and Neoplasia (Mahvash Syndrome): A New Association
Authors: Gild Matti L , Tsang Venessa , Samra Jaswinder , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J , Tacon Lyndal , Gill Anthony J 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Context
Hyperglucagonemia in the absence of glucagonomas is rare. Biallelic-inactivating mutations in the glucagon receptor gene (GCGR) cause glucagon cell hyperplasia and neoplasia (GCHN), also termed Mahvash syndrome. Here, we report the first case to our knowledge of GCHN presenting with hypercalcemia and demonstrate a unique relationship between calcium and α-cell hyperplasia.

Case Description
A 47-year-old man presented with severe PTH-independent hypercalcemia, 13.95 mg/dL (3.48 mmol/L). Imaging and extensive pathology tests yielded no conclusive cause. Glucagon levels &gt;300 times the upper limit of normal were discovered. Subtotal pancreatectomy identified α-cell hyperplasia and neoplasia with metastatic disease in lymph nodes. Genomic analysis confirmed a homozygous missense variant in GCGR (Asp63Asn). This is a previously described pathologic variant and has a known association with GCHN.

Conclusions
Inactivating mutations of the glucagon receptor gene lead to nonfunctional hyperglucagonemia and are associated with GCHN. Homozygous or compound heterozygous GCGR mutations are associated with α-cell hyperplasia, a known precursor to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors that can metastasize. Hypercalcemia is an unreported consequence of GCHN with an unclear mechanism.
Funding global health product R&D: the Portfolio-To-Impact Model (P2I), a new tool for modelling the impact of different research portfolios
Authors: Terry Robert F , Yamey Gavin , Miyazaki-Krause Ryoko , Gunn Alexander , Reeder John C. 
Published: July 2018

Background: The Portfolio-To-Impact (P2I) Model is a novel tool, developed to estimate minimum funding needs to accelerate health product development from late stage preclinical study to phase III clinical trials, and to visualize potential product launches over time. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used. Assumptions on development costs at each phase were based on clinical trial costs from Parexel’s R&D cost sourcebook. These were further refined and validated by interviews, with a wide variety of stakeholders from Product Development Partnerships, biopharmaceutical and diagnostic companies, and major funders of global health R&D. Results: the tool was used to create scenarios describing the impact, in terms of products developed, of different product portfolios with funding ranging from $1 million per annum through to $500 million per annum. These scenarios for a new global financing mechanism have been previously presented in a report setting out the potential for a new fund for research and development which would assist in accelerating product development for the diseases of poverty. Conclusion: The P2I tool does enable a user to model different scenarios in terms of cost and number of health products launched when applied to a portfolio of health products. The model is published as open access accompanied with a user guide. The design allows it to be adapted and used for other health R&D portfolio analysis as described in an accompanying publication focussing on the pipeline for neglected diseases in 2017. We aim to continually refine and improve the model and we ask users to provide us with their own inputs that can help us update key parameters and assumptions. We hope to catalyse users to adapt the model in ways that can increase its value, accuracy, and applications.
The overlap between miscarriage and extreme preterm birth in a limited-resource setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border: a population cohort study
Authors: McGready Rose , Paw Moo Kho , Wiladphaingern Jacher , Min Aung Myat , Carrara Verena I. , Moore Kerryn A. , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Nosten François H. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Countries vary on the demarcation gestational age that distinguishes miscarriage and extreme preterm birth (PTB). This study provides a synopsis of the outcome of pregnancy between 22 to <28 weeks’ gestation from a low resource setting. Methods: A retrospective record review of a refugee and migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border with outcome between 22 to <28 weeks’ gestation, was conducted. Outcomes were classified as miscarriage: non-viability prior to 22 week’s gestation with expulsion of products between 22 to < 28 weeks’ gestation; or extreme PTB when the fetus was viable at ≥22 weeks and delivered between 22 to < 28 weeks’ gestation. Termination of pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease were excluded. Results: From 1995-2015, outcomes occurred between 22 to <28 weeks’ gestation in 0.9% (472/49,931) of pregnancies and 3.8% (18/472) met the exclusion criteria. Most included pregnancies (n=454) had ultrasound done 72.5% (n=329). Overall 43.6% (n=197) were miscarriage and 56.4% (n=257) extreme PTB. Miscarriage (late expulsion) between 22 to <28 weeks was observed with non-viability occurring at an estimated median gestation of 16 weeks. For cases with available data (n=252, 5 missing) the proportion of stillborn was 47.6% (n=120), liveborn 52.4% (n=132); and congenital abnormality 10.5% (24/228, 29 missing). Neonatal death was high 98.5% (128/131, 1 missing). Introduction of ultrasound was associated with a 2-times higher odds of classification of outcome as birth rather than miscarriage. Conclusion: In this low resource setting <1% of pregnancy outcomes occur in the 22 to <28 weeks’ gestation window; nearly half were miscarriage; and neonatal mortality approached 100%. In the scale-up to preventable newborns deaths, at least initially, greater benefits will be obtained by focusing on the greater number of viable newborns with a gestation of 28 weeks or more.
Biblical Interpretation and Analytic Reflection
Authors: Sarisky Darren 
Published: July 2018

Analytic skill can contribute to a theology of the Bible and a theological hermeneutic in two ways, by refining the formulation of a doctrine of Scripture and a correlative hermeneutic, and by illuminating how problematic hermeneutical presuppositions have in some cases become part of exegetical practice. The contribution that the analytic style of reflection can make to the theological enterprise need not be vitiated by a common criticism of analytic modes of engaging with texts, namely, that they tend toward being ahistorical, though the objection deserves to be considered carefully.
The Sanctifying Work of the Holy Spirit: Revisiting Alston’s Interpersonal Model
Authors: Porter Steven L , Rickabaugh Brandon 
Published: July 2018

Of the various loci of systematic theology that call for sustained philosophical investigation, the doctrine of sanctification stands out as a prime candidate. In response to that call, William Alston developed three models of the sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit: the fiat model, the interpersonal model, and the sharing model. In response to Alston’s argument for the sharing model, this paper offers grounds for a reconsideration of the interpersonal model. We close with a discussion of some of the implications of one’s understanding of the transforming work of the Holy Spirit for practical Christian spirituality.