bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zariski closures of images of algebraic subsets under the uniformization map on finite-volume quotients of the complex unit ball
Authors: Mok Ngaiming 
Published: September 2019

We prove the analogue of the Ax–Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem for not necessarily arithmetic lattices of the automorphism group of the complex unit ball $\mathbb{B}^{n}$ using methods of several complex variables, algebraic geometry and Kähler geometry. Consider a torsion-free lattice $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\,\subset \,\text{Aut}(\mathbb{B}^{n})$ and the associated uniformization map $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}:\mathbb{B}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{B}^{n}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}=:X_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}$. Given an algebraic subset $S\,\subset \,\mathbb{B}^{n}$ and writing $Z$ for the Zariski closure of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}(S)$ in $X_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}$ (which is equipped with a canonical quasi-projective structure), in some precise sense we realize $Z$ as a variety uniruled by images of algebraic subsets under the uniformization map, and study the asymptotic geometry of an irreducible component $\widetilde{Z}$ of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(Z)$ as $\widetilde{Z}$ exits the boundary $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}\mathbb{B}^{n}$ by exploiting the strict pseudoconvexity of $\mathbb{B}^{n}$, culminating in the proof that $\widetilde{Z}\,\subset \,\mathbb{B}^{n}$ is totally geodesic. Our methodology sets the stage for tackling problems in functional transcendence theory for arbitrary lattices of $\text{ Aut}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA})$ for (possibly reducible) bounded symmetric domains $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$.
Phase of sensorimotor μ‐oscillation modulates cortical responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex
Authors: Desideri Debora , Zrenner Christoph , Ziemann Ulf , Belardinelli Paolo 
Published: September 2019

Key points
Oscillatory brain activity coordinates the response of cortical neurons to synaptic inputs in a phase‐dependent manner.
Larger motor‐evoked responses are obtained in a hand muscle when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is synchronized to the phase of the sensorimotor μ‐rhythm.
In this study we further showed that TMS applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the μ‐rhythm is associated with higher absolute amplitude of the evoked EEG potential at 100 ms after stimulation.
This demonstrates that cortical responses are sensitive to excitability fluctuation with brain oscillations
Our results indicate that brain state‐dependent stimulation is a new useful technique for the investigation of stimulus‐related cortical dynamics.
AbstractOscillatory brain activity coordinates the response of cortical neurons to synaptic inputs in a phase‐dependent manner. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human primary motor cortex elicits larger motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) when applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the sensorimotor μ‐rhythm recorded with EEG, demonstrating that this phase represents a state of higher excitability of the cortico‐spinal system. Here, we investigated the influence of the phase of the μ‐rhythm on cortical responses to TMS as measured by EEG. We tested different stimulation intensities above and below resting motor threshold (RMT), and a realistic sham TMS condition. TMS at 110% RMT applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the μ‐rhythm was associated with higher absolute amplitudes of TMS‐evoked potentials at 70 ms (P70) and 100 ms (N100). Enhancement of the N100 was confirmed with negative peak‐triggered 90% RMT TMS, while phase of the μ‐rhythm did not influence evoked responses elicited by sham TMS. These findings extend the idea that TMS applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the endogenous μ‐oscillation recruits a larger portion of neurons as a function of stimulation intensity. This further corroborates that brain oscillations determine fluctuations in cortical excitability and establishes phase‐triggered EEG‐TMS as a sensitive tool to investigate the effects of brain oscillations on stimulus‐related cortical dynamics.
Combined Experimental Approach and Finite Element Modeling of Small Molecule Transport Through Joint Synovium to Measure Effective Diffusivity
Authors: Guang Young , McGrath Tom M. , Klug Natalie R. , Nims Robert J. , Shih Chien-Cheng , Bayguinov Peter O. , Guilak Farshid , Pham Christine T. N. , Fitzpatrick James A. J. , Setton Lori A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTrans-synovial solute transport plays a critical role in the clearance of intra-articularly (IA) delivered drugs. In this study, we present a computational finite element model (FEM) of solute transport through the synovium validated by experiments on synovial explants. Unsteady diffusion of urea, a small uncharged molecule, was measured through devitalized porcine and human synovium using custom-built diffusion chambers. A multiphasic computational model was constructed and optimized with the experimental data to extract effective diffusivity for urea within the synovium. A monotonic decrease in urea concentration was observed in the donor bath over time, with an effective diffusivity found to be an order of magnitude lower in synovium versus that measured in free solution. Parametric studies incorporating an intimal cell layer with varying thickness and varying effective diffusivities were performed, revealing a dependence of drug clearance kinetics on both parameters. The findings of this study indicate that the synovial matrix impedes urea solute transport out of the joint with little retention of the solute in the matrix.
Efficient Axial Flow Turbine for Solar Chimney
Authors: Elmagid Walid M. A. , Keppler István , Molnar Ildiko 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Many solar technologies are developed to encourage the usage of solar energy throughout the world. The solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is a newfangled technology that utilizes solar energy to generate more clean energy. This paper presents a new design of the SCPP turbine based on the aerodynamic optimization approach of a wind turbine with a diffuser. To calculate the required design parameters, a comprehensive mathematical model has been developed, which has the ability to describe the flow inside solar chimneys. An iteration algorithm is implemented for solving blade element theory with a diffuser to obtain the optimization of the turbine blade chord and twist angle distributions in the presence of a diffuser. The comparison of the mathematical model results and experimental data of Manzanares prototype reveal the good agreement, validating our mathematical model. The present design suggests that the power output could be increased by 15%. Our conclusion is that the blade element theory with diffuser has an ability to design efficient turbine suitable for working within SCPP.
Detailed Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurements on a Scaled Realistic Turbine Blade Internal Cooling System
Authors: Shiau Chao-Cheng , Chen Andrew F. , Han Je-Chin , Krewinkel Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA realistic internal cooling system of a turbine blade includes both ribs and pin-fins inside the passages to enhance the heat transfer. However, the majority studies in the open literature assessing the heat transfer characteristics on a simplified cooling model by examining ribbed-roughen passages and pin-finned passage separately. This work presents the high-resolution heat transfer coefficients of a scaled realistic turbine blade internal cooling design. The cooling system, using a 3D-printed plastic material, consists of an S-shaped inlet, four serpentine passages (three U-bends) of variable aspect ratio, and the trailing edge ejection. Angled ribs are implemented inside the passages and the elongated fins and pins are used near the trailing edge. Two dust holes are realized on the blade tip, the injections are individually controlled to reflect the realistic coolant flowrate variation inside the entire internal cooling system. The tests are conducted at two Reynolds number, 45,000 and 60,000 based on the hydraulic diameter of the inlet passage. Transient heat transfer technique using thermochromic liquid crystal is applied to obtain the detailed heat transfer characteristic inside the cooling channel. The local and averaged Nusselt numbers are also compared with the correlations in the open literature. This paper provides gas turbine designers the difference of local heat transfer distributions between the realistic and simplified internal cooling designs.
Effects of Eccentric Preloading on Concentric Vertical Jump Performance in Youth Athletes
Authors: Gillen Zachary M. , Jahn Lacey E. , Shoemaker Marni E. , McKay Brianna D. , Mendez Alegra I. , Bohannon Nicholas A. , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: September 2019

This study measured peak force (PF), peak rate of force development (PRFD), peak power (PP), concentric impulse, and eccentric impulse during static jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and drop jump (DJ) in youth athletes to examine changes in vertical jump power with progressively greater eccentric preloading in relation to age, maturity, and muscle mass. Twenty-one males ranging from 6 to 16 years old performed the following vertical jumps in a random order: SJ, CMJ, and DJ from drop heights of 20, 30, and 40 cm (DJ20, DJ30, and DJ40, respectively). Measurements included PF, PRFD, PP, eccentric impulse, and concentric impulse for each vertical jump condition. Maturity offset was calculated, while ultrasound images quantified thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). PF and PRFD increased from CMJ to DJ20. PP increased from SJ to CMJ. Concentric impulse remained unchanged, but eccentric impulse increased systematically from across jumps. The change in PP from SJ to CMJ was correlated with age, height, weight, maturity offset, and CSA. The CMJ resulted in the greatest concentric PP with the least amount of eccentric preloading. The inability of young athletes to translate the energy absorbed during the eccentric phase of the stretch-shortening cycle of DJs may be influenced by growth and development.
Positron emission tomography (PET) for prediction of glioma histology: protocol for an individual-level data meta-analysis of test performance
Authors: Trikalinos Nikolaos A , Nihashi Takashi , Evangelou Evangelos , Terasawa Teruhiko 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionGliomas, the most commonly diagnosed primary brain tumours, are associated with varied survivals based, in part, on their histological subtype. Therefore, accurate pretreatment tumour grading is essential for patient care and clinical trial design.Methods and analysisWe will perform an individual-level data meta-analysis of published studies to evaluate the ability of different types of positron emission tomography (PET) to differentiate high from low-grade gliomas. We will search PubMed and Scopus from inception through 30 July 2017 with no language restriction and full-text evaluation of potentially relevant articles. We will choose studies that assess PET using 18-Fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), l-[Methyl-()11C]Methionine (11C-MET), 18F-Fluoro-Ethyl-Tyrosine (18F-FET) or (18)F-Fluorothymidine (18F-FLT)for grading, verified with histological confirmation. We will include both prospective and retrospective studies. Bias will be assessed by two reviewers with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and as per method described by Deekset al.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was not applicable, as this is a meta-analytic study. Results of the analysis will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017078649.
Home childbirth among young mothers aged 15–24 years in Nigeria: a national population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Adewuyi Emmanuel O , Khanal Vishnu , Zhao Yun , David Lungcit , Bamidele Olasunkanmi David , Auta Asa 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with home childbirth (delivery) among young mothers aged 15–24 years in Nigeria.DesignA secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS).SettingNigeria.ParticipantsA total of 7543 young mothers aged 15–24 years.Outcome measurePlace of delivery.ResultsThe prevalence of home delivery among young mothers aged 15–24 years was 69.5% (95% CI 67.1% to 71.8%) in Nigeria—78.9% (95%CI 76.3% to 81.2%) in rural and 43.9% (95%CI 38.5% to 49.5%, p<0.001) in urban Nigeria. Using the Andersen’s behavioural model, increased odds of home delivery were associated with the two environmental factors: rural residence (adjusted OR, AOR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.85) and regions of residence (North-East: AOR: 1.97, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.34; North-West: AOR: 2.94, 95% CI 1.80 to 4.83; and South-South: AOR: 3.81, 95% CI 2.38 to 6.06). Three of the enabling factors (lack of health insurance: AOR: 2.34, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.71; difficulty with distance to healthcare facilities: AOR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.88; and <4 times antenatal attendance: AOR: 3.80, 95% CI 3.00 to 4.85) similarly increased the odds of home delivery. Lastly, six predisposing factors—lack of maternal and husband’s education, poor wealth index, Islamic religion, high parity and low frequency of listening to radio—were associated with increased odds of home delivery.ConclusionsYoung mothers aged 15–24 years had a higher prevalence of home delivery than the national average for all women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Priority attention is required for young mothers in poor households, rural areas, North-East, North-West and South-South regions. Faith-based interventions, a youth-oriented antenatal care package, education of girls and access to health insurance coverage are recommended to speed up the reduction of home delivery among young mothers in Nigeria.
Determinants of timeliness in early childhood vaccination among mothers with vaccination cards in Sindh province, Pakistan: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data
Authors: Noh Jin-Won , Kim Young-mi , Akram Nabeel , Yoo Ki Bong , Cheon Jooyoung , Lee Lena J , Kwon Young Dae , Stekelenburg Jelle 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveUntimely vaccination refers to receiving the given dose before (early) or after (delayed) the recommended time window. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of timeliness of childhood vaccinations and examine the determinants of vaccination timeliness in Sindh province, Pakistan.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data from the 2013 and 2014 Maternal and Child Health Program Indicator Surveys.SettingCommunity-based maternal and child health surveys.ParticipantsAmong 10 200 respondents of Maternal and Child Health Program Indicator Surveys, 1143 women who had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey were included.OutcomesAt the participants’ home, an interviewer asked mothers to show their children’s vaccination cards, which contained information regarding vaccinations. Children’s vaccination status was categorised into timely or early/delayed compared with vaccination schedule. A logistic regression analysis using Firth’s penalised likelihood was performed to identify factors associated with timeliness of vaccinations.Results238 children (20.8% of children who received a full set of basic vaccinations) received all vaccinations on schedule among children who received a full set of basic vaccinations. The percentages of timely vaccinations ranged from 2.3% for second measles vaccination to 89.3% for bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Child’s age and place of delivery were associated with timely vaccinations. Older child age and institutional delivery were associated with decreased timely vaccination rate.ConclusionsHome-based vaccination record is a key tool to improve the timeliness of vaccinations. The redesigned vaccination cards, the new electronic registries for vaccination card information and the vaccination tracking system to remind the second/third vaccination visits may be helpful to improve timely vaccinations for children under 2 years old.
The Surveillance After Extremity Tumor Surgery (SAFETY) trial: protocol for a pilot study to determine the feasibility of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial
Authors:   The SAFETY Investigators
Published: September 2019

IntroductionFollowing the treatment of patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) that are not metastatic at presentation, the high risk for local and systemic disease recurrence necessitates post-treatment surveillance. Systemic recurrence is most often detected in the lungs. The most appropriate surveillance frequency and modality remain unknown and, as such, clinical practice is highly varied. We plan to assess the feasibility of conducting a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) that will evaluate the effect on overall 5-year survival of two different surveillance frequencies and imaging modalities in patients with STS who undergo surgical excision with curative intent.Methods and analysisThe Surveillance After Extremity Tumor Surgery trial will be a multi-centre 2×2 factorial RCT. Patients with non-metastatic primary Grade II or III STS treated with excision will be allocated to one of four treatment arms1: chest radiograph (CXR) every 3 months for 2 years2; CXR every 6 months for 2 years3; chest CT every 3 months for 2 years or4 chest CT every 6 months for 2 years. The primary outcome of the pilot study is the feasibility of a definitive RCT based on a combination of feasibility endpoints. Secondary outcomes for the pilot study include the primary outcome of the definitive trial (overall survival), patient-reported outcomes on anxiety, satisfaction and quality of life, local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival, treatment-related complications and net healthcare costs related to surveillance.Ethics and disseminationThis trial received provisional ethics approval from the McMaster/Hamilton Health Sciences Research Ethics Board on 7 August 2019 (Project number 7562). Final ethics approval will be obtained prior to commencing patient recruitment. Once feasibility has been established and the definitive protocol is finalised, the study will transition to the definitive study.Trial registrationNCT03944798; Pre-results.
LIPid Intensive Drug therapy for Sepsis Pilot (LIPIDS-P): Phase I/II clinical trial protocol of lipid emulsion therapy for stabilising cholesterol levels in sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Guirgis Faheem W , Black Lauren Page , Rosenthal Martin Daniel , Henson Morgan , Ferreira Jason , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Kalynych Colleen , Moldawer Lyle L , Miller Taylor , Jones Lisa , Crandall Marie , Reddy Srinivasa T , Wu Samuel S , Moore Frederick A 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionSepsis is a life-threatening, dysregulated response to infection. Both high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol should protect against sepsis by several mechanisms; however, for partially unknown reasons, cholesterol levels become critically low in patients with early sepsis who experience poor outcomes. An anti-inflammatory lipid injectable emulsion containing fish oil is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as parenteral nutrition for critically ill patients and may prevent this decrease in serum cholesterol levels by providing substrate for cholesterol synthesis and may favourably modulate inflammation. This LIPid Intensive Drug therapy for Sepsis Pilot clinical trial is the first study to attempt to stabilise early cholesterol levels using lipid emulsion as a treatment modality for sepsis.Methods and analysisThis is a two-centre, phase I/II clinical trial. Phase I is a non-randomised dose-escalation study using a Bayesian optimal interval design in which up to 16 patients will be enrolled to evaluate the safest and most efficacious dose for stabilising cholesterol levels. Based on phase I results, the two best doses will be used to randomise 48 patients to either lipid injectable emulsion or active control (no treatment). Twenty-four patients will be randomised to one of two doses of the study drug, while 24 control group patients will receive no drug and will be followed during their hospitalisation. The control group will receive all standard treatments mandated by the institutional sepsis alert protocol. The phase II study will employ a permuted blocked randomisation technique, and the primary endpoint will be change in serum total cholesterol level (48 hours − enrolment). Secondary endpoints include change in cholesterol level from enrolment to 7 days, change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score over the first 48 hours and 7 days, in-hospital and 28-day mortality, lipid oxidation status, inflammatory biomarkers, and high-density lipoprotein function.Ethics and disseminationInvestigators are trained and follow good clinical practices, and each phase of the study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review boards of each institution. Results of each phase will be disseminated through presentations at national meetings and publication in peer-reviewed journals. If promising, data from the pilot study will be used for a larger, multicentre, phase II clinical trial.Trial registration numberNCT03405870.
Is age more than manual material handling associated with lumbar vertebral body and disc changes? A cross-sectional multicentre MRI study
Authors: Violante Francesco S , Zompatori Maurizio , Lovreglio Piero , Apostoli Pietro , Marinelli Francesco , Bonfiglioli Roberta 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveConflicting evidence exists to what extent manual material handling (MMH) causes lumbar disc disease, lack of evidence exist that this effect takes place especially at L5-S1 level, where the greatest moment occurs. The aim was to assess if lumbar vertebral body and disc changes are more common in people whose job involves significant MMH and, if so, to evaluate if lumbar vertebral body and disc changes are more prevalent in the lower part of the lumbar spine (L4-L5 and L5-S1).DesignObservational, cross-sectional, with quasi-random recruitment.SettingOutpatient radiology units of three large hospitals in northern (Bologna and Brescia) and southern (Bari) Italy.Participants183 consecutive adult subjects (89 males, 94 females) aged 20–70 years referred by the general practitioner or a specialist for MRI of the lumbar spine.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNeuroradiologists (blind to clinical assessment) evaluated the prevalence of intervertebral disc and vertebral body changes in standardised MRI examinations. History of personal and family musculoskeletal diseases and injuries, current and previous MMH at work and during leisure time were assessed by interview and self-administered questionnaire.ResultsParticipants were classified according their occupational exposure to MMH. No association was found between MMH and vertebral body and intervertebral disc changes, whereas age over 45 years was consistently associated with more disc extension beyond the interspace changes, Pfirrmann changes, osteophytes and Modic changes: the association was statistically significant at the conventional 5% level.ConclusionsAge, and not MMH, seems to primarily affect the presence of intervertebral disc changes; prospective studies are needed to better explore the relationship between MMH and the possible presence (and level) of lumbar vertebral body and/or disc changes.