bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of erythropoietin on fibroblast growth factor 23 in mice and humans
Authors: Hanudel Mark R , Eisenga Michele F , Rappaport Maxime , Chua Kristine , Qiao Bo , Jung Grace , Gabayan Victoria , Gales Barbara , Ramos Georgina , de Jong Maarten A , van Zanden Jelmer J , de Borst Martin H , Bakker Stephan J L , Nemeth Elizabeta , Salusky Isidro B , Gaillard Carlo A J M , Ganz Tomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundErythropoietin (EPO) has been reported as a novel determinant of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production; however, it is unknown whether FGF23 is stimulated by chronic exposure to EPO or by EPO administration in nonpolycystic chronic kidney disease (CKD) models.MethodsWe analyzed the effects of chronic EPO on FGF23 in murine models with chronically high EPO levels and normal kidney function. We studied the effects of exogenous EPO on FGF23 in wild-type mice, with and without CKD, injected with EPO. Also, in four independent human CKD cohorts, we evaluated associations between FGF23 and serum EPO levels or exogenous EPO dose.ResultsMice with high endogenous EPO have elevated circulating total FGF23, increased disproportionately to intact FGF23, suggesting coupling of increased FGF23 production with increased proteolytic cleavage. Similarly, in wild-type mice with and without CKD, a single exogenous EPO dose acutely increases circulating total FGF23 out of proportion to intact FGF23. In these murine models, the bone marrow is shown to be a novel source of EPO-stimulated FGF23 production. In humans, serum EPO levels and recombinant human EPO dose are positively and independently associated with total FGF23 levels across the spectrum of CKD and after kidney transplantation. In our largest cohort of 680 renal transplant recipients, serum EPO levels are associated with total FGF23, but not intact FGF23, consistent with the effects of EPO on FGF23 production and metabolism observed in our murine models.ConclusionEPO affects FGF23 production and metabolism, which may have important implications for CKD patients.
Primary Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lymphoma Presenting as a Cervical Ring–Enhancing Lesion in an AIDS Patient
Authors: Bini Viotti Julia , Doblecki Susanne , Luca Corneliu C , Mackrides Nicholas , Vega Francisco , Alcaide Maria L 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Primary intramedullary spinal cord lymphoma (PISCL) is rare and constitutes only 1% of central nervous system lymphomas. We report a case of PISCL in a 37-year-old man with advanced AIDS. To our knowledge, only 4 cases of PISCL in the setting of HIV/AIDS have been reported in the literature. Despite treatment, prognosis remains dismal.
Utilization of Physical Therapy Services During Transition for &#x2028;Young People With Cerebral Palsy: A Call for Improved Care Into Adulthood
Authors: Liljenquist Kendra , O’Neil Margaret E , Bjornson Kristie F 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Many young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) face limited participation in activities, including employment and independent living. Physical therapy during the transition period can help to support participation through promotion of self-care, ambulation, and functional mobility. Thus, ensuring appropriate access to physical therapy services for young people who can benefit from them before, during, and after transition is imperative.

Objective
The objective of this study was to identify factors contributing to the utilization of physical therapy services for youth with CP both during and after secondary school.

Design
The design was a deidentified secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS2).

Methods
Multivariate regression models were run to examine demographic and disability characteristics influencing utilization of physical therapy services for youth with CP both during and after secondary school.

Results
The total weighted population sample included 35,290 young people with CP. When all youth were in secondary school, 59.4% of the youth utilized physical therapy services; however, once all youth were out of school, only 33.7% of them were reported to have utilized physical therapy since leaving secondary school. For young people with difficulties accessing general disability support services, demographic characteristics, including sex, race, income, and parent education status, influenced use of physical therapy services in addition to disability characteristics.

Limitations
This population sample included only young people in special education with Individual Education Plans (IEPs) and may not generalize to young people with CP in general education settings.

Conclusions
Frequency of physical therapy services decreases drastically once young adults with CP leave secondary school. Future work should examine this trend in more depth to identify therapy intervention strategies to optimize participation in young adult life for persons with CP.
Longitudinal Examination of the Influence of Individual Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Clusters of Symptoms on the Initiation of Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Seelig Amber D. , Bensley Kara M. , Williams Emily C. , Armenta Richard F. , Rivera Anna C. , Peterson Arthur V. , Jacobson Isabel G. , Littman Alyson J. , Maynard Charles , Bricker Jonathan B. , Rull Rudolph P. , Boyko Edward J. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine whether specific individual posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms or symptom clusters predict cigarette smoking initiation.

Methods:
Longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study were used to estimate the relative risk for smoking initiation associated with PTSD symptoms among 2 groups: (1) all individuals who initially indicated they were nonsmokers (n = 44,968, main sample) and (2) a subset of the main sample who screened positive for PTSD (n = 1622). Participants were military service members who completed triennial comprehensive surveys that included assessments of smoking and PTSD symptoms. Complementary log-log models were fit to estimate the relative risk for subsequent smoking initiation associated with each of the 17 symptoms that comprise the PTSD Checklist and 5 symptom clusters. Models were adjusted for demographics, military factors, comorbid conditions, and other PTSD symptoms or clusters.

Results:
In the main sample, no individual symptoms or clusters predicted smoking initiation. However, in the subset with PTSD, the symptoms “feeling irritable or having angry outbursts” (relative risk [RR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.76) and “feeling as though your future will somehow be cut short” (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.40) were associated with increased risk for subsequent smoking initiation.

Conclusions:
Certain PTSD symptoms were associated with higher risk for smoking initiation among current and former service members with PTSD. These results may help identify individuals who might benefit from more intensive smoking prevention efforts included with PTSD treatment.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Analgesia Treatments for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Dong Peilong , Tang Xiaobo , Cheng Rongrong , Wang Jian 
Published: June 2018

Background and Aim:The severe pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) brings many patients more suffering, longer hospital stay, and higher expenses. This study was designed to assess the relative efficacy of several clinical treatments for postoperative analgesia of TKA through network meta-analysis based on multiple published randomized controlled trials.Methods:Embase and PubMed were utilized to conduct this network meta-analysis from inception until 2016. Pain score, morphine consumption (milligrams), and length of hospitalization (day) were selected as the endpoints.Results:A total of 58 studies with 3501 patients were included in this network meta-analysis. Except for patient-controlled epidural analgesia+femoral nerve block (FNB) and sciatic nerve block, all treatments were significantly superior to placebo in pain score 6 to 8 hours. In terms of pain score 24 hours, only continuous femoral nerve block (cFNB), periarticular infiltration, periarticular infiltration+FNB, single-dose FNB, and sciatic nerve block+FNB exhibited better performance than control group. For pain score 48 hours after surgery, only cFNB and intra-articular infiltration yielded better results than control group [standard mean difference=−0.68, 95% credible intervals (CrIs)=−1.03 to −0.33; standard mean difference=−0.53, 95% CrIs=−1.07 to −0.01, respectively]. Only cFNB exhibited better results with respect to morphine consumption day 2 after surgery (mean difference=−12.95, 95% CrIs=−19.70 to −6.53).Conclusions:Considering both pain score and morphine consumption, cFNB was potentially the most efficacious postoperative treatment for patients undergoing TKA.
Misclassification of Rental Assistance in the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Boudreaux Michel , Fenelon Andrew , Slopen Natalie 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Federal surveys could play a role in measuring the association of rental assistance and health and in identifying the health needs of the assisted population. However, self-reports of rental assistance could be biased. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of reported rental assistance in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

Methods:
We conducted a record-check study of reports of US Department of Housing and Urban Development rental assistance in the 2004–2012 NHIS, using survey responses linked to administrative records. Misclassification measures were limited to the false-negative rate because the survey ascertained participation in all rental assistance programs, but the administrative data pertained only to US Department of Housing and Urban Development. False-negative rates were calculated for the total population, for sociodemographic subgroups, across levels of self-reported health status, and for specific assistance types (Housing Choice Vouchers, Public Housing, and Multifamily Housing).

Results:
We estimated a false-negative rate of 22.6%. Misclassification was higher among Public Housing residents compared to those receiving other forms of assistance, even after controlling for sociodemographics. Rates varied across region and other demographics. Those self-reporting fair or poor health were less likely to misreport assistance compared with those in better health, but the difference was explained by covariates. Misreporting assistance had little independent impact on the adjusted association of assistance and health.

Conclusions:
False-negative reporting of rental assistance is moderately high in the NHIS, but we did not find evidence that it independently biased estimates of the association of health and rental assistance.
Does Parental Control Work With Smartphone Addiction?
Authors: Lee Eun Jee , Ogbolu Yolanda 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The purposes of this study were to (a) examine the relationship between personal characteristics (age, gender), psychological factors (depression), and physical factors (sleep time) on smartphone addiction in children and (b) determine whether parental control is associated with a lower incidence of smartphone addiction. Data were collected from children aged 10–12 years (N = 208) by a self-report questionnaire in two elementary schools and were analyzed using t test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation, and multiple linear regression. Most of the participants (73.3%) owned a smartphone, and the percentage of risky smartphone users was 12%. The multiple linear regression model explained 25.4% (adjusted R
2 = .239) of the variance in the smartphone addiction score (SAS). Three variables were significantly associated with the SAS (age, depression, and parental control), and three variables were excluded (gender, geographic region, and parental control software). Teens, aged 10–12 years, with higher depression scores had higher SASs. The more parental control perceived by the student, the higher the SAS. There was no significant relationship between parental control software and smartphone addiction. This is one of the first studies to examine smartphone addiction in teens. Control-oriented managing by parents of children’s smartphone use is not very effective and may exacerbate smartphone addiction. Future research should identify additional strategies, beyond parental control software, that have the potential to prevent, reduce, and eliminate smartphone addiction.
Micronized Cells of the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 Activate Monocyte Polarization
Authors: Mogna Luca , Amoruso Angela , Pane Marco , Nicola Stefania , Allesina Serena , Deidda Francesca 
Published: June 2018

Goals:
The aim of this research was to evaluate whether micronized cells (MCs) from selected biotherapeutic bacteria have the ability to effectively modulate the polarization of monocyte/macrophage subpopulations to advantageously provide a first line of defense against infections.

Background:
Inflammation is a reaction of the host to viral and bacterial infections with the physiological purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled or unresolved inflammation can lead to tissue damage, giving rise to a plethora of chronic inflammatory diseases. The monocytes/macrophages play a key role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation through different activation programs.

Study:
MCs were obtained from Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 strain using a Bioimmunizer extraction protocol. Monocytes were stimulated with the probiotic strain and/or MCs (10 mg/mL) for 24 hours and 5 days. Monocyte/macrophage differentiation was evaluated by cytometry analysis of surface markers and the activity of the 2 subpopulations on oxidative stress was assessed in an in vitro oxidative stress model with a spectrophotometric test.

Results:
The MCs have been shown to modulate considerably the 2 subpopulations of human monocytes/macrophages, both the “patrolling subpopulation” and the “inflammatory subpopulation,” thus highlighting a strong immunostimulatory effect. In addition, MCs are able to mitigate significantly the oxidative stress induced by homocysteine in an in vitro model.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that MCs derived from the biotherapeutic strain BS01 could represent a possible therapy aimed to effectively prevent and/or cure viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoal diseases, as well as prevent and/or treat inflammatory processes triggered by external pathogenic agents.
Cricoid Pressure During Induction for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Children: A Report From National Emergency Airway Registry for Children*
Authors: Kojima Taiki , Harwayne-Gidansky Ilana , Shenoi Asha N. , Owen Erin B. , Napolitano Natalie , Rehder Kyle J. , Adu-Darko Michelle A. , Nett Sholeen T. , Spear Debbie , Meyer Keith , Giuliano John S. , Tarquinio Keiko M. , Sanders Ron C. , Lee Jan Hau , Simon Dennis W. , Vanderford Paula A. , Lee Anthony Y. , Brown Calvin A. , Skippen Peter W. , Breuer Ryan K. , Toedt-Pingel Iris , Parsons Simon J. , Gradidge Eleanor A. , Glater Lily B. , Culver Kathleen , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Nishisaki Akira 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
Cricoid pressure is often used to prevent regurgitation during induction and mask ventilation prior to high-risk tracheal intubation in critically ill children. Clinical data in children showing benefit are limited. Our objective was to evaluate the association between cricoid pressure use and the occurrence of regurgitation during tracheal intubation for critically ill children in PICU.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study of a multicenter pediatric airway quality improvement registry.

Settings:
Thirty-five PICUs within general and children’s hospitals (29 in the United States, three in Canada, one in Japan, one in Singapore, and one in New Zealand).

Patients:
Children (< 18 yr) with initial tracheal intubation using direct laryngoscopy in PICUs between July 2010 and December 2015.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between cricoid pressure use and the occurrence of regurgitation while adjusting for underlying differences in patient and clinical care factors. Of 7,825 events, cricoid pressure was used in 1,819 (23%). Regurgitation was reported in 106 of 7,825 (1.4%) and clinical aspiration in 51 of 7,825 (0.7%). Regurgitation was reported in 35 of 1,819 (1.9%) with cricoid pressure, and 71 of 6,006 (1.2%) without cricoid pressure (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.09–2.47; p = 0.018). On multivariable analysis, cricoid pressure was not associated with the occurrence of regurgitation after adjusting for patient, practice, and known regurgitation risk factors (adjusted odds ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.99–2.47; p = 0.054). A sensitivity analysis in propensity score–matched cohorts showed cricoid pressure was associated with a higher regurgitation rate (adjusted odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02; p = 0.036).

Conclusions:
Cricoid pressure during induction and mask ventilation before tracheal intubation in the current ICU practice was not associated with a lower regurgitation rate after adjusting for previously reported confounders. Further studies are needed to determine whether cricoid pressure for specific indication with proper maneuver would be effective in reducing regurgitation events.
Acupunch Exercise Program Development and Feasibility Evaluation for Older Adults
Authors: Tsai Han-Ya , Chen Kuei-Min , Huang Hsin-Ting 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to develop the Healthy Beat Acupunch (HBA) exercise program and evaluate its feasibility for community older adults.

Design
Stage I: The Delphi technique was used to consult 16 experts to develop the program. Stage II: A preexperimental, one-group, posttest-only design was used to pilot-test the program feasibility with 31 older adults.

Methods
After 4 weeks of interventions, participants evaluated the program based on four criteria (simplicity, safety, suitability, and helpfulness) and responded to five open-ended questions.

Findings
The developed HBA program from Stage I includes three phases with 24 motions and takes 40 minutes to complete. Program feasibility in Stage II showed average scores ranged from 8.84 ± 1.32 to 9.97 ± 0.18.

Conclusion
Both experts and elderly participants confirmed that the HBA program was simple, safe, suitable, and helpful to older adults.

Clinical Relevance
The HBA program provides older adults with a new set of exercise options.
Increased Healthcare Utilization for Medical Comorbidities Prior to Surgery Improves Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Leeds Ira L. , Canner Joseph K. , Gani Faiz , Meyers Patrick M. , Haut Elliott R. , Efron Jonathan E. , Johnston Fabian M. 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of optimization of preoperative comorbidities by nonsurgical clinicians on short-term postoperative outcomes.

Summary background data:
Preoperative comorbidities can have substantial effects on operative risk and outcomes. The modifiability of these comorbidity-associated surgical risks remains poorly understood.

Methods:
We identified patients with a major comorbidity (eg, diabetes, heart failure) undergoing an elective colectomy in a multipayer national administrative database (2010–2014). Patients were included if they could be matched to a preoperative surgical clinic visit within 90 days of an operative intervention by the same surgeon. The explanatory variable of interest (“preoperative optimization”) was defined by whether the patient was seen by an appropriate nonsurgical clinician between surgical consultation and subsequent surgery. We assessed the impact of an optimization visit on postoperative complications with use of propensity score matching and multilevel, multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
We identified 4531 colectomy patients with a major potentially modifiable comorbidity (propensity weighted and matched effective sample size: 6037). After matching, the group without an optimization visit had a higher rate of complications (34.6% versus 29.7%, P = 0.001). An optimization visit conferred a 31% reduction in the odds of a complication (P < 0.001) in an adjusted analysis. Median preoperative costs increased by $684 (P < 0.001) in the optimized group, and a complication increased total costs of care by $14,724 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions and relevance:
We demonstrated an association between use of nonsurgical clinician visits by comorbid patients prior to surgery and a significantly lower rate of complications. These findings support the prospective study of preoperative optimization as a potential mechanism for improving postoperative outcomes.
Feeding decisions under contamination risk in bonobos
Authors: Sarabian Cecile , Belais Raphael , MacIntosh Andrew J. J. 
Published: June 2018

Threats from parasites and pathogens are ubiquitous, and many use pathways that exploit host trophic interactions for their transmission. As such, host organisms have evolved a behavioural immune system to facilitate contamination-risk assessment and avoidance of potential contaminants in various contexts, including feeding. Detecting pathogen threats can rely on different sensory modalities allowing animals to screen for a wide array of contaminants. Here, we present a series of experiments in which bonobos showed clear avoidance of contaminated food items, and were sensitive to risk along a contamination probability gradient. Across experiments, bonobos appeared to use multisensorial cues to inform their feeding decisions. In addition, bonobos showed reduced tactile, gustatory and tool use activities when in the presence of contaminant versus control odours in a challenging foraging context. Our experiments build on previous work conducted in Japanese macaques and chimpanzees aiming at a better understanding of the ways in which the behavioural immune system operates in primates.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours’.
Anti-parasite behaviour of birds
Authors: Bush Sarah E. , Clayton Dale H. 
Published: June 2018

Birds have many kinds of internal and external parasites, including viruses, bacteria and fungi, as well as protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Because parasites have negative effects on host fitness, selection favours the evolution of anti-parasite defences, many of which involve behaviour. We provide a brief review of anti-parasite behaviours in birds, divided into five major categories: (i) body maintenance, (ii) nest maintenance, (iii) avoidance of parasitized prey, (iv) migration and (v) tolerance. We evaluate the adaptive significance of the different behaviours and note cases in which additional research is particularly needed. We briefly consider the interaction of different behaviours, such as sunning and preening, and how behavioural defences may interact with other forms of defence, such as immune responses. We conclude by suggesting some general questions that need to be addressed concerning the nature of anti-parasite behaviour in birds.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours’.