bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selexipag treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease after defect correction: insights from the randomised controlled GRIPHON study
Authors: Beghetti Maurice , Channick Richard N. , Chin Kelly M. , Di Scala Lilla , Gaine Sean , Ghofrani Hossein‐Ardeschir , Hoeper Marius M. , Lang Irene M. , McLaughlin Vallerie V. , Preiss Ralph , Rubin Lewis J. , Simonneau Gérald , Sitbon Olivier , Tapson Victor F. , Galiè Nazzareno 
Published: January 2019

AimsPatients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (CHD‐PAH) after defect correction have a poor prognosis compared with other CHD‐PAH patients. Therefore, it is important that these patients are treated as early and effectively as possible. Evidence supporting the use of PAH therapies in patients with corrected CHD‐PAH from randomised controlled trials is limited. The purpose of these analyses was to characterise the corrected CHD‐PAH patients from the GRIPHON study and examine the response to selexipag.Methods and resultsOut of the 110 patients diagnosed with corrected CHD‐PAH, 55 had atrial septal defects, 38 had ventricular septal defects, 14 had persistent ducti arteriosus, and 3 had defects not further specified. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the primary composite endpoint were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. Compared with the non‐CHD patients from GRIPHON, patients with corrected CHD‐PAH were slightly younger, with a greater proportion being treatment‐naive and in World Health Organization functional class I/II. The rate of the primary composite endpoint of morbidity/mortality was lower in patients with corrected CHD‐PAH who were treated with selexipag compared with those treated with placebo (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.25, 1.37). The most common adverse events were those known to be related to selexipag.ConclusionsThese post‐hoc analyses of GRIPHON provide valuable information about a large population of patients with corrected CHD‐PAH, and suggest that selexipag may delay disease progression and was well‐tolerated in patients with corrected CHD‐PAH.
Impact of Olive Leaf Yellowing Associated Virus on Olive (Olea europaea L.) Oil
Authors: Fontana Anna , Piscopo Amalia , De Bruno Alessandra , Tiberini Antonio , Muzzalupo Innocenzo , Albanese Giuliana 
Published: January 2019

Among the 15 virus species detected in olive trees, Olive leaf yellowing associated virus (OLYaV) is found with high incidence and frequency in Southern Italy in particular. Effects of OLYaV on virgin olive oil yield and quality of Leccino and Ottobratica cultivars in the Calabria region (Southern Italy) are analyzed. Oil yield, free acidity, number of peroxides, spectrophotometric indices, total content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, total phenol content, composition of the fatty acids, total tocopherols, and total sterols content are determined on oil obtained from olive fruits collected in healthy/virus‐free and OYLaV‐infected trees. Almost all analyzed oil parameters are not statistically different with some exceptions. Oils derived from ‘Ottobratica’ OLYaV‐infected plants have free acidity significantly lower than oil from healthy plants. K232 of oil from virus‐free ‘Leccino’ trees is significantly lower than oil from infected trees. Even though some quality parameter differences between healthy and OLYaV‐infected oils are found, it is important to highlight that all oils can be considered in extra virgin olive oil category, within the UE maximum limit acceptance range. Results suggest a no negative interference by OYLaV in oil yield and quality, except for K232 values, whereas surprisingly suggest a positive effect of virus infection on free acidity parameter.Practical Applications: Based on the evidence that OYLaV does not interfere negatively in oil yield and quality parameters, it seems appropriate that the European Union Council Directives (2014/96/EU, 2014/97/EU, 2014/98/EU) introduced in the last olive certification scheme only ArMV, CLRV, and SLRSV. The application of compulsory EU directive, in Italy as in other countries, will improve the facilities of olive plants commercialization, guaranteeing enough their sanitary status. The findings here reported support the suggestion that the Italian Ministry of Agriculture could be less restrictive in voluntary Italian regulation (D.M. 20/11/2006).Olive leaf yellowing associated virus (OLYaV) is found with high incidence and frequency especially in Southern Italy. Effects of OLYaV on virgin olive oil yield and quality of Leccino and Ottobratica cultivars in the Calabria region (Southern Italy) are analyzed, including free acidity, number of peroxides, spectrophotometric indexes, total content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and phenol, composition of the fatty acids, total tocopherols and total sterols.
A new stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of enantiomeric purity of a DPP‐4 inhibitor drug linagliptin
Authors: Salapaka Appalacharyulu , Bonige Kishore Babu , Korupolu Raghu Babu , T Chandrasekhar Reddy , K Chandrasekhar Reddy , N Sreenivas , Sharma Hemant Kumar , Ray Uttam Kumar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA simple, sensitive, and stability indicating isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed, optimized and validated for the separation and quantification ofS‐enantiomer in linagliptin (R‐enantiomer) drug substance. Enantiomeric separation was achieved on a Cellulose tris(4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenylcarbamate) stationary phase. Mobile phase consists of aqueous diammonium hydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 35:65 v/v. Isocratic elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, the column oven temperature was set at 40°C and detection was at 226 nm. The resolution betweenRandSenantiomers is found to be more than 4.0. The impact of mobile phase composition, pH of buffer and temperature on the resolution has been studied. The detector response is found to be linear over the concentration range of 0.17–1.7 μg/mL. LOD and LOQ levels ofS‐enantiomer are found to be 0.057 and 0.172 μg/mL respectively. The recovery ofS‐enantiomer is 99.8% w/w. The proposed method is validated for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy and robustness.
Impact of extent of parotidectomy on early and long‐term complications: A prospective multicenter cohort trial
Authors: Grosheva Maria , Pick Carina , Granitzka Thordis , Sommer Barbara , Wittekindt Claus , Klussmann Jens Peter , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Beutner Dirk 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this prospective nonrandomized multicenter trial, we analyze the incidence of early and late complications after parotidectomy in correlation to the extent of dissection.MethodsA total of 148 patients underwent a parotidectomy for a benign lesion in the superficial lobe. The number of intraoperatively dissected main facial nerve branches was photo‐documented and defined the extent of tissue dissection. Early postoperative complications including sialocele were evaluated until 4 weeks after surgery. Late complications as facial nerve palsy, Frey's syndrome (FS) and the outcome of the scar and substance loss were furthermore assessed after 6 and 12 months.ResultsEarly complications occurred in 22 patients (14%) and did not depend on the extent of facial nerve dissection (all P > .05). However, patients with higher number of intraoperatively dissected facial nerve branches showed significantly higher palsy scores on the first postoperative day (P = .026). FS occurred with incidence of 69% and correlated significantly to the extent of dissection (P = .003). Appearance of the scar and substance loss improved significantly during the follow‐up (P < .001 and P < ,005, respectively) without significant correlation to the extent of dissection (P > .05 for both variables after 12 months).ConclusionsLess extensive tissue dissection resulted in better postoperative facial nerve function on the first postoperative day and in lower incidence of FS after 12 months. However, incidence of early complications did not depend on the extent of surgery.The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register prior to conducting the research. DRKS‐ID: DRKS00008967, URL:http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/.
Becoming Me in Third Space: Media Education for North Korean Refugee Youths in South Korea
Authors: Jang Eun‐Young , Kang Shin Ji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, the authors explored curricular practices of media education for North Korean refugee youths resettled in South Korea, and investigated the impacts of the media education program on their identity construction. Guided by third space theory and framed within a qualitative research paradigm, this media education program was developed by a group of North and South Korean teaching artists. Multimodal data collected throughout the first year were analyzed thematically with a focus on the discursive construction of identities of North Korean youth participants. The participants were invited to reconsider their identities and address multiple dimensions of lived challenges in a safe media education space.
Adenosine A2A receptor blocks the A1 receptor inhibition of renal Na+ transport and oxygen consumption
Authors: Babich Victor , Vadnagara Komal , Di Sole Francesca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA high renal oxygen (O2) need is primarily associated with the renal tubular O2 consumption (VO2) necessary for a high rate of sodium (Na+) transport. Limited O2 availability leads to increased levels of adenosine, which regulates the kidney via activation of both A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (A1R and A2AR, respectively). The relative contributions of A1R and A2AR to the regulation of renal Na+ transport and VO2 have not been determined. We demonstrated that A1R activation has a dose‐dependent biphasic effect on both renal Na+/H+ exchanger‐3 (NHE3), a major player in Na+ transport, and VO2. Here, we report concentration‐dependent effects of adenosine: less than 5 × 10−7 M adenosine‐stimulated NHE3 activity; between 5 × 10−7 M and 10−5 M adenosine‐inhibited NHE3 activity; and greater than 10−5 M adenosine reversed the change in NHE3 activity (returned to baseline). A1R activation mediated the activation and inhibition of NHE3 activity, whereas 10−4 M adenosine had no effect on the NHE3 activity due to A2AR activation. The following occurred when A1R and A2AR were activated: (a) Blockade of the A2AR receptor restored the NHE3 inhibition mediated by A1R activation, (b) the NHE‐dependent effect on VO2 mediated by A1R activation became NHE independent, and (c) A2AR bound to A1R. In summary, A1R affects VO2 via NHE‐dependent mechanisms, whereas A2AR acts via NHE‐independent mechanisms. When both A1R and A2AR are activated, the A2AR effect on NHE3 and VO2 predominates, possibly via an A1R–A2AR protein interaction. A2AR–A1R heterodimerization is proposed as the molecular mechanism enabling the NHE‐independent control of renal VO2.
Cooling therapy upregulates protein C activation in heat stressed rats: An experimental study
Authors: Gao Tie‐Ying , Yang Wen‐Chao , Zhou Fei‐Hu , Song Qing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProtein C (PC) pathway homeostasis is implicated in heat stress (HS). This study determines whether cooling could improve the PC pathway in HS. Fifty‐six anesthetized rats were warmed to achieve HS (rectal temperature [Tr] 42°C). These rats were divided into seven groups: (a) control group:sacrifice immediately 15 min after HS; (b) HS+I:sacrifice immediately after 15 min ice‐water treatment or (c) 3 hr after HS; (d) HS+C:sacrifice immediately after 15‐min cold‐water treatment or (e) 3 hr after HS; (f) HS: sacrifice immediately 15 min after HS or (g) 3 hr after HS. Plasma PC, activated protein C (APC), and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) levels were tested at both time points. After cooling, Tr in the HS+I and HS+C groups significantly decreased, when compared with the HS group, and Tr was significantly lower in the HS+I group than in the HS+C group (
p < 0.05). Furthermore, sTM levels were highest in the HS group among the groups at both time points. Plasma PC and APC levels increased after HS. In the HS+I and HS+C groups, plasma APC levels and the APC/PC ratio significantly increased at both time points. The proportions were significantly higher in the HS+I group than in the HS+C group, and there was no significant increase in APC/PC ratio in the HS group. Cooling exerts an anticoagulant effect following HS by increasing APC levels. Ice‐water blanket therapy is more effective than cold‐water blanket therapy in increasing APC levels.
Enhancement of bioelectricity generation by a microbial fuel cell using Ti nanoparticle‐modified carbon electrode
Authors: Kim Changman , Kim Jung Rae , Heo Jinhee 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising devices that can be used to generate electricity from organic wastewater through microbial redox reactions. Various strategies have been attempted to improve the power generation of MFCs, including electrode modification. Titanium (Ti) is a biocompatible metal which is commonly used in various applications. This study examined the improvement of voltage generation by Ti nanoparticle attachment to the carbon electrode surface of an MFC by simple dipping and e‐beam evaporation. Two microbes, namely Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 and Klebsiella pneumoniae L17, having different electron transfer mechanisms were used to identify the effects of Ti nanoparticles on bioelectricity generation.RESULTSVoltage generation was significantly increased for the MFCs containing Ti nanoparticles, both using S. oneidensis MR‐1 and K. pneumoniae L17. Higher concentrations of DNA extracted from the electrode surface indicated that the Ti nanoparticles did not only assist the electron transfer process from the bacteria to the electrode but also microbial attachment on the carbon electrode. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) experiments demonstrated the sustainability of the Ti nanoparticles, showing no significant changes in the attached Ti nanoparticles during an operation period of 3 weeks.CONCLUSIONIt was demonstrated that the Ti‐dipping method is applicable to MFCs as an electrode modification strategy by Ti nanoparticle formation, leading to a similar level of voltage generation (but through a much simpler process) as compared with conventional evaporation methods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Foliar epidermal anatomy of Lamiaceae with special emphasis on their trichomes diversity using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Gul Saba , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Bahadur Saraj , Sultana Shazia , Ashfaq Shomaila , Ullah Fazal , Kilic Omer , Hassan Fayyaz ul , Siddiq Zafar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFoliar epidermal features were based on the micromorphology of trichomes types, epidermal cells and stomatal complex. Even though each feature has its own limited taxonomic value but collectively these characteristics may be systematically important especially for the discrimination and identification of complex and problematic taxa. The systematics significance of nonglandular (NGTs) and glandular trichomes (GTs), stomatal complex and epidermal cells of Lamiaceous flora were analyzed by using the light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Variations on the observed epidermal appendages were divided into two basic types: glandular and nonglandular. GTs can be divided into subtypes: sessile capitate, subsessile capitate, and barrel and sunken. NGTs were also divided into subtypes: dendritic, stellate, conical, falcate, simple and 1–6 cells long having granulate and smooth surface ornamentation. NGTs were the most dominant features of both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of all observed taxa. Vitex negundo, Isodon rugosus, Colebrookea oppositifolia, and Marrubium vulgare could be demarked because of their twisted like appearance of NGTs at the abaxial surface. The Lamiaceae had both hypostomatic and amphistomatic leaf. Stomata were observed as diacytic, anisocytic, and anomocytic. Epidermal cells were found to be irregular, isodiametric, and rectangular. Based on these characters a taxonomic key was developed to delimit the closely related taxa. Distribution and morphology of the foliar epidermal trichomes through SEM highlight an important taxonomic tool used by the taxonomists as an aid to the correct identification of problematic Lamiaceae taxa.
Maximising ‐colourings of graphs
Authors: Guggiari Hannah , Scott Alex 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor graphs and , an ‐colouring of is a map such that . The number of ‐colourings of is denoted by . We prove the following: for all graphs and , there is a constant such that, if , the graph maximises the number of ‐colourings among all connected graphs with vertices and minimum degree . This answers a question of Engbers. We also disprove a conjecture of Engbers on the graph that maximises the number of ‐colourings when the assumption of the connectivity of is dropped. Finally, let be a graph with maximum degree . We show that, if does not contain the complete looped graph on vertices or as a component and , then the following holds: for sufficiently large, the graph maximises the number of ‐colourings among all graphs on vertices with minimum degree . This partially answers another question of Engbers.
Frontline Science: Monocytes sequentially rewire metabolism and bioenergetics during an acute inflammatory response
Authors: Zhu Xuewei , Meyers Allison , Long David , Ingram Brian , Liu Tiefu , Yoza Barbara K , Vachharajani Vidula , McCall Charles E 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Metabolism directs the severe acute inflammatory reaction of monocytes to guard homeostasis. This occurs by sequentially activating anabolic immune effector mechanisms, switching to immune deactivation mechanisms and then restoring immunometabolic homeostasis. Nuclear sirtuin 1 and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase metabolically drive this dynamic and are druggable targets that promote immunometabolic resolution in septic mice and increase survival. We used unbiased metabolomics and a validated monocyte culture model of activation, deactivation, and partial resolution of acute inflammation to sequentially track metabolic rewiring. Increases in glycogenolysis, hexosamine, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathways were aligned with anabolic activation. Activation transitioned to combined lipid, protein, amino acid, and nucleotide catabolism during deactivation, and partially subsided during early resolution. Lipid metabolic rewiring signatures aligned with deactivation included elevated n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of fatty acid acylcarnitines. Increased methionine to homocysteine cycling increased levels of s-adenosylmethionine rate-limiting transmethylation mediator, and homocysteine and cysteine transsulfuration preceded increases in glutathione. Increased tryptophan catabolism led to elevated kynurenine and de novo biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from quinolinic acid. Increased branched-chain amino acid catabolism paralleled increases in succinyl-CoA. A rise in the Krebs cycle cis-aconitate-derived itaconate and succinate with decreased fumarate and acetyl-CoA levels occurred concomitant with deactivation and subsided during early resolution. The data suggest that rewiring of metabolic and mitochondrial bioenergetics by monocytes sequentially activates, deactivates, and resolves acute inflammation.
We show how monocytes sequentially rewire metabolism and bioenergetics as acute inflammation progresses from initial activation to catabolic deactivation, to early resolution.
Genetic variants in IFIH1 and DDX58 influence hepatitis C virus clearance in Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Bo , Zhuo Ling‐Yun , Yue Ming , Liu Mei , Zang Feng , Fan Hao‐Zhi , Wu Jing‐Jing , Xia Xue‐Shan , Zhang A‐Mei , Yu Rong‐Bin , Huang Peng 
Published: January 2019

AimsTo investigate the association between two RIG‐I‐like receptor gene polymorphisms and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Chinese Han population.MethodsThe current study genotyped two selected SNPs (IFIH1 rs3747517 and DDX58 rs9695310) using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay to assess their association with the susceptibility and clinical outcome of HCV infection among 3065 participants (1545 non‐HCV infection individuals, 568 spontaneous HCV clearance cases, and 952 persistent infection patients).ResultsIFIH1 rs3747517 (dominant model: Adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07‐1.68; P = 0.009) and DDX58 rs9695310 (dominant model: Adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.15‐1.78; P = 0.001) were associated with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). And the risk of CHC increased when people were carrying more unfavorable rs3747517‐GA/AA and rs9695310‐GC/CC genotypes from zero to two with the chronic rates of 56.72%, 59.38%, and 69.01%, respectively (Ptrend < 0.001).ConclusionGenetic variations at IFIH1 rs3747517 and
DDX58 rs9695310 were independent predictors of chronic hepatitis C in Chinese Han population.
Activity center selection by northern spotted owls
Authors: Sovern Stan G. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Dugger Katie M. , Pruett M. Shane , Davis Raymond J. , Jenkins Julianna M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe federally threatened northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) has been intensively studied across its range, and habitat needs for the species have influenced forest management in northwestern North America for decades. Dense forest canopies are often reported in the scientific literature and agency management plans as an important habitat attribute for spotted owls, though the means of measuring forest canopy and interpreting species requirements vary across studies and more importantly, among management plans. We used light detection and ranging (lidar) measurements of canopy cover, canopy surface heterogeneity, and upper canopy surface connectivity, and an index of the presence of a competitive invasive species, the barred owl (S. varia), in multinomial discrete choice models using a Bayesian framework to evaluate selection of forest cover types by spotted owls in Oregon, USA, 2008–2015. We designated yearly activity centers based on the most biologically significant observation during the nesting season (Mar–Aug), generally centered on the nest tree. Spotted owls selected activity centers with more canopy cover and higher heterogeneity of the canopy surface within 100 m than was available within their territories. The average proportion of canopy cover within 100 m of a spotted owl activity center was 0.79 ± 0.12 (SD; range = 0.34–0.99). The presence of barred owls did not explain variability in selection of spotted owl activity centers, but barred owls might not affect third‐order habitat selection within territories, or our index was too spatially coarse to detect these effects on spotted owl resource selection. We demonstrate that lidar provides researchers and managers with a tool that can accurately measure forest canopies over large areas, and assist in mapping spotted owl habitat. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.