bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fhod1, an actin‐organizing formin family protein, is dispensable for cardiac development and function in mice
Authors: Sanematsu Fumiyuki , Kanai Ami , Ushijima Tomoki , Shiraishi Aki , Abe Takaya , Kage Yohko , Sumimoto Hideki , Takeya Ryu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe formin family proteins have the ability to regulate actin filament assembly, thereby functioning in diverse cytoskeletal processes. Fhod3, a cardiac member of the family, plays a crucial role in development and functional maintenance of the heart. Although Fhod1, a protein closely‐related to Fhod3, has been reported to be expressed in cardiomyocytes, the role of Fhod1 in the heart has still remained elusive. To know the physiological role of Fhod1 in the heart, we disrupted the Fhod1 gene in mice by replacement of exon 1 with a lacZ reporter gene. Histological lacZ staining unexpectedly revealed no detectable expression of Fhod1 in the heart, in contrast to intensive staining in the lung, a Fhod1‐containing organ. Consistent with this, expression level of the Fhod1 protein in the heart was below the lower limit of detection of the present immunoblot analysis with three independent anti‐Fhod1 antibodies. Homozygous Fhod1‐null mice did not show any defects in gross and histological appearance of the heart or upregulate fetal cardiac genes that are induced under stress conditions. Furthermore, Fhod1 ablation did not elicit compensatory increase in expression of other formins. Thus, Fhod1 appears to be dispensable for normal development and function of the mouse heart, even if a marginal amount of Fhod1 is expressed in the heart.
Ultrastructural localization of cannabinoid CB1 and mGluR5 receptors in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala
Authors: Fitzgerald Megan L. , Mackie Ken , Pickel Virginia M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStimulation of the postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 triggers retrograde signaling of endocannabinoids that activate presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptors on juxtaposing axon terminals. To better understand the synaptic structure that supports mGluR5 mediation of CB1 activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA), we examined electron microscopic dual immunolabeling of these receptors in the prelimbic PFC (prPFC) and BLA of adult male rats. CB1 immunoreactivity was detected in axon terminals that were typically large, complex, and contained dense‐core and clear synaptic vesicles. Of terminals forming discernible synaptic specializations, 95% were symmetric inhibitory‐type in the prPFC and 90% were inhibitory in the BLA. CB1‐immunoreactive terminals frequently contacted dendrites containing mGluR5 adjacent to unlabeled terminals forming excitatory‐type synapses. Because most CB1‐containing terminals form inhibitory‐type synapses, the unlabeled axon terminals forming asymmetric synapses are the likely source of the mGluR5 ligand glutamate. In the prPFC, serial section analysis revealed that GABAergic CB1‐containing axon terminals targeted dendrites adjacent to glutamatergic axon terminals, often near dendritic bifurcations. These observations provide ultrastructural evidence that cortical CB1 receptors are strategically positioned for integration of synaptic signaling in response to stimulation of postsynaptic mGluR5 receptors and facilitation of heterosynaptic communication between multiple neurons.
Treatment‐triggered onset and diagnosis of Sheehan syndrome in a multiple myeloma patient
Authors: Bing Xia , Peifang Liu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSheehan syndrome refers to a series of clinical symptoms resulting from avascular necrosis of anterior pituitary due to various reasons.CaseWe report a case of multiple myeloma patient after one cycle of chemotherapy consisting of bortezomib and dexamethasone diagnosis of Sheehan syndrome with obstinate diarrhea, low blood glucose, and coma symptom, especially, the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the manifestations in the saddle area were in accordance with empty sella syndrome. A single administration with lenalidomide was given for both consolidative and maintenance treatment, and satisfactory efficacy was achieved. With the patient now remaining in satisfactory medical condition, the success of this therapy has been shown.ConclusionsThis is the first report showing a patient with combined multiple myeloma and rarely seen Sheehan syndrome, in which lenalidomide was given for treatment, and satisfactory efficacy was achieved.
Tuning the Optical Properties of Sulfonylaniline Derivatives: Degeneracy Breaking of Benzene Orbitals and Linkage through Nodal Planes
Authors: Kudo Shoh , Hoshino Nanami , Beppu Teruo , Katagiri Hiroshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe orbital degeneracy of benzene rings is resolved by an asymmetric push‐pull system in 2,6‐bis(methylsulfonyl)aniline (BMeSA), in which the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is located at the 4‐position, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is located at a different position and has a nodal plane through the carbon atoms at the 1‐ and 4‐positions. Therefore, the π‐extension of BMeSA at the 4‐position reveals a strong overlap in the HOMO and a minimal overlap in the LUMO. Consequently, π‐extended BMeSA derivatives exhibit longer absorbance and emission wavelengths in the order of the electron‐donating abilities of their substituents at the 4‐position, which is based on a decrease in an absolute HOMO‐level‐dependent HOMO‐LUMO gap in accordance with the nodal arrangement. Positive fluorescent solvatochromism with polarity‐dependent decrease in fluorescent intensity was also observed. The biaryls exhibited more planar geometries in the excited state than in the ground state. The charge transfer mechanism, which can be described as node‐induced intramolecular charge transfer (NICT), differs from the planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT).
Does board diversity affect quality of corporate social responsibility disclosure? Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Ismail , Khan Imran , Saeed Bilal bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe study proposed that the effect of board diversity on quality of corporate social responsibility (QCSR) disclosure in Pakistan should be patterned differently from existing literature of other nations. The study has focused seven different dimensions of board diversity such as age, gender, nationality, ethnicity, educational level, educational background, and tenure across 86 firms listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2017. The results of panel regression supported resource‐based view theory and indicated that gender, nation, and tenure diversity are resources improving QCSR disclosure. However, educational background has a negative impact on QCSR disclosure. Further analysis across alternative measurement and estimation techniques produces robust results. The results revealed that there is no universal law of CSR supportive board diversity, due to the unique characteristic of various institutional contexts. This study suggests policy makers to focus on gender,nation, tenure and relevant educational background diversity while setting board diversity framework in Pakistan.
Machine Learning with Optical Phase Signatures for Phenotypic Profiling of Cell Lines
Authors: Lam Van K. , Nguyen Thanh , Phan Thuc , Chung Byung‐Min , Nehmetallah George , Raub Christopher B. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTRobust and reproducible profiling of cell lines is essential for phenotypic screening assays. The goals of this study were to determine robust and reproducible optical phase signatures of cell lines for classification with machine learning and to correlate optical phase parameters to motile behavior. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) reconstructed phase maps of cells from two pairs of cancer and non‐cancer cell lines. Seventeen image parameters were extracted from each cell's phase map, used for linear support vector machine learning, and correlated to scratch wound closure and Boyden chamber chemotaxis. The classification accuracy was between 90% and 100% for the six pairwise cell line comparisons. Several phase parameters correlated with wound closure rate and chemotaxis across the four cell lines. The level of cell confluence in culture affected phase parameters in all cell lines tested. Results indicate that optical phase features of cell lines are a robust set of quantitative data of potential utility for phenotypic screening and prediction of motile behavior. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Liquid‐based cytology of pigmented phaeohyphomycotic lesion of the palm masquerading as a metastatic tumor
Authors: Keloth Thara , Gochhait Debasis , Sivaranjani S , Siddaraju Neelaiah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhaeohyphomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, commonly involving the extremities, which present as single or multiple lesions mimicking a benign tumor. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy method for the diagnosis of the lesion. Morphology of the fungus is characteristic with no difficulty for cytopathologist for identification; with a close differential diagnosis of Candida and Aspergillosis. The special stains like periodic acid schiff (PAS) highlights the fungus and the Masson Fontana confirm the melanin pigment and dematiaceous nature of the fungi. Liquid‐based cytology (LBC) preparation of the aspirated material was attempted, which is not usually performed on day to day basis. However, in our case the conventional smears were better for appreciating the fungal morphology.
Considering long‐memory when testing for changepoints in surface temperature: A classification approach based on the time‐varying spectrum
Authors: Beaulieu Claudie , Killick Rebecca , Ireland David , Norwood Ben 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChangepoint models are increasingly used to represent changes in the rate of warming in surface temperature records. On the opposite hand, a large body of literature has suggested long‐memory processes to characterize long‐term behavior in surface temperatures. While these two model representations provide different insights into the underlying mechanisms, they share similar spectrum properties that create “ambiguity” and challenge distinguishing between the two classes of models. This study aims to compare the two representations to explain temporal changes and variability in surface temperatures. To address this question, we extend a recently developed time‐varying spectral procedure and assess its accuracy through a synthetic series mimicking observed global monthly surface temperatures. We vary the length of the synthetic series to determine the number of observations needed to be able to accurately distinguish between changepoints and long‐memory models. We apply the approach to two gridded surface temperature data sets. Our findings unveil regions in the oceans where long‐memory is prevalent. These results imply that the presence of long‐memory in monthly sea surface temperatures may impact the significance of trends, and special attention should be given to the choice of model representing memory (short versus long) when assessing long‐term changes.
Formation of magnesite and hydromagnesite from direct aqueous carbonation of thermally activated lizardite
Authors: Abu Fara Ammar , Rayson Mark R. , Brent Geoff F. , Oliver Timothy K. , Stockenhuber Michael , Kennedy Eric M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis work examines factors, which can influence the formation of magnesium (Mg) carbonate phases produced during direct aqueous carbonation of heat‐activated lizardite, hydromagnesite, and the targeted magnesite phase. Carbon dioxide mass transfer and mixing during the course of the reaction was examined by varying impeller positioning and stirring speed of the dual impeller reactor. From a practical perspective, this provides some insight into the importance of reactor design, to achieve the highest possible magnesite yield. At the lowest stirring speed studied (100 rpm), two Mg‐carbonate phases were observed in all samples. By simply increasing the stirring speed, hydromagnesite was observed only during the initial stages of reaction and magnesite formation dominated thereafter. Higher yields of carbonate were obtained for the intermediate and maximum stirring speeds (450 and 600 rpm), respectively. Positioning of the uppermost impeller near to the liquid surface was also found to favor the formation of magnesite. Thermodynamic simulations (using OLIAnalyzer 9.2) were in a good agreement with the experimental results.
Investigation of methane/drilling mud phase behavior and its influence to hydrocarbon drilling activity
Authors: Feng Jian , Fu Jianhong , Chen Ping , Xu Liqun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKnowledge of methane dissolution behavior in drilling mud is of major importance to early kick detection and well control operation in oil and gas drilling industry. In this work, methane solubility experiments in water‐based and oil‐based muds were conducted over wide ranges of temperature and pressure conditions. The influences of mud compositions and methane phases were investigated accordingly. It is found that methane solubility in water‐based mud is minimal and can be ignored. The data in oil‐based mud were analyzed using different equation of state and mixing rules. Our results show that the combination of our novel binary interaction parameter equations, Peng‐Robinson equation, and van der Waals2 mixing rule provides a very good representation of our data as well as those available in the literature. With the proposed model, the annulus methane solubility profile of a deepwater well in South China Sea was predicted, which provides a better understanding of the annulus flow behavior and further improve the safety of drilling operation.
Quantifying the extent of morphological homoplasy: A phylogenetic analysis of 490 characters inDrosophila
Authors: Al Sayad Sinan , Yassin Amir 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHomoplasy is a fundamental phenomenon in evolutionary biology but an appraisal of its extent at the morphological level is still lacking. Here, we analyzed the evolution of 490 morphological characters conceptualized among 56 drosophilid species. We found that two thirds of morphological changes were homoplastic and that the level of homoplasy depended on the stage of development and the type of the organ, with the adult terminalia being the least homoplastic. In spite of its predominance at the character change level, homoplasy accounts for only ∼13% of between species similarities in pairwise comparisons. These results provide empirical insights on the limits of morphological changes and the frequency of recurrent evolution.
Microbiological characteristics of smoked and smoked–dried fish processed in Benin
Authors: Anihouvi Dona Gildas Hippolyte , Kpoclou Yénoukounmè Euloge , Abdel Massih Marleen , Iko Afé Ogouyôm Herbert , Assogba Mahunan François , Covo Melvina , Scippo Marie‐Louise , Hounhouigan Djidjoho Joseph , Anihouvi Victor , Mahillon Jacques 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the microbiological status of smoked fish (SF) and smoked–dried fish (SDF) processed in Benin, and to identify the contamination factors associated with these products. A total of 66 fish samples, including fresh fish and processed fish, were randomly collected from different processing sites and markets for microbial characterization using standard methods. The aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) density varied from 2.9 to 9.5 Log10 CFU/g. Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, yeasts, and molds were present in 63.9%, 27.8%, 55.6%, 58.3%, 61.1%, and 77.8% of samples, respectively, while no Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus were found. The majority (66.7%) of SF samples and 22.2% of SDF samples were not compliant with the acceptable limit of <7.0 Log10 CFU/g recommended by the Health Protection Agency for AMB, whereas the Enterobacteriaceae counts exceeded the recommended level of 4.0 Log10 CFU/g for 50% of SF and 5.6% of SDF samples. Likewise, 38.9% of SF samples were not compliant for E. coli. Microbiological hazard analysis of practices allowed to identify the sensitive steps where hygiene measures need to be emphasized for an improved quality control.
Effects of synbiotics containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 and inulin on intestinal bifidobacteria: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study
Authors: Anzawa Daisuke , Mawatari Takashi , Tanaka Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Mio , Genda Tomomi , Takahashi Shota , Nishijima Tomohiko , Kamasaka Hiroshi , Suzuki Satoru , Kuriki Takashi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA number of studies have shown the bifidogenic effects of either probiotic bifidobacteria or inulin, and this bifidogenic shift in the composition of the colonic microbiota is likely the basis for their positive impact on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of synbiotics containing the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) GCL2505 and inulin on the levels of intestinal bifidobacteria compared with B. lactis GCL2505 alone. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial was carried out involving 60 healthy subjects with a tendency for constipation using fermented milk containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin (synbiotic), only B. lactis GCL2505 (probiotic), and placebo. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each 2‐week intervention period, and the bifidobacterial count was analyzed by quantitative real‐time PCR. The numbers of total bifidobacteria and B. lactis in feces were significantly increased during the probiotic and synbiotic intake periods compared with the placebo intake period. Furthermore, the numbers of total bifidobacteria and endogenous bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the synbiotic intake period compared with the probiotic intake period, while there was no difference in the number of B. lactis. These results suggested that the synbiotics containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin had a greater effect on the number of bifidobacteria than a drink containing probiotics alone and could be useful for the improvement of the intestinal environment.
PRRX‐NCOA1/2 rearrangement characterizes a distinctive fibroblastic neoplasm
Authors: Lacambra Maribel D. , Weinreb Ilan , Demicco Elizabeth G. , Chow Chit , Sung Yun‐Shao , Swanson David , To Ka‐Fai , Wong Kwok‐Chuen , Antonescu Cristina R. , Dickson Brendan C. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTFibroblastic/myofibroblastic neoplasms represent a broad, and occasionally diagnostically challenging, category of soft tissue neoplasms. A subset of these tumors defy conventional classification. However, with the advent of next‐generation sequencing, the identification of disease‐defining molecular alterations is gradually improving their subclassification. Following identification of two index cases of a distinctive fibroblastic neoplasm with a fusion gene involving PRRX1 and NCOA1, we performed a retrospective review to further characterize this entity. We identified two additional cases, including one with a fusion between PRRX1 and NCOA2. The average patient age was 38 years, and three patients were female. Two tumors occurred on the neck, and the others involved the groin and thigh. Tumors were centered in the subcutis and ranged from 2.3 to 14.0 cm (average 5.8 cm). Morphologically, they were predominantly hypocellular, with focal hypercellularity. They were composed of monomorphic spindle‐stellate cells with a vague fascicular pattern. The nuclei were bland with only rare mitotic activity, and occasional multinucleation. The intervening stroma was typically abundant and ranged from myxoid to collagenous, with frequent rope‐like collagen bundles. Three of the cases had a prominent vasculature ranging from numerous small curvilinear vessels to ectatic and branching staghorn‐like vessels. Immunohistochemistry was negative for desmin, smooth muscle actin, S100, CD34, keratin, and epithelial membrane antigen. Each of the patients was treated by simple excision and none of the tumors were associated with local recurrence or metastasis. Based on their unique morphological and molecular attributes, we believe this represents a novel fibroblastic tumor for which we have tentatively proposed the name “PRRX‐NCOAx‐rearranged fibroblastic tumor.”
In silico prediction of drug‐induced rhabdomyolysis with machine‐learning models and structural alerts
Authors: Cui Xueyan , Liu Juan , Zhang Jinfeng , Wu Qiuyun , Li Xiao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDrug‐induced rhabdomyolysis (DIR) is a serious adverse reaction and can be fatal. In the present study, we focused on the modeling and understanding of the molecular basis of DIR of small molecule drugs. A series of machine‐learning models were developed using an Online Chemical Modeling Environment platform with a diverse dataset. A total of 80 machine‐learning models were generated. Based on the top‐performing individual models, a consensus model was also developed. The consensus model was available at https://ochem.eu/model/32214665, and the individual models can be accessed with the corresponding model IDs on the website. Furthermore, we also analyzed the difference of distributions of eight key physicochemical properties between rhabdomyolysis‐inducing drugs and non‐rhabdomyolysis‐inducing drugs. Finally, structural alerts responsible for DIR were identified from fragments of the Klekota‐Roth fingerprints.
Efficacy and safety of long pulse 1064 and 2940 nm lasers in noninvasive lipolysis and skin tightening
Authors: Vas Krisztina , Besenyi Zsuzsanna , Urbán Szabolcs , Badawi Ashraf , Pávics László , Erős Gábor , Kemény Lajos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNoninvasive body shaping is becoming a growing demand. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the combined treatments of 1064 nm Nd:YAG and 2940 nm Er:YAG in noninvasive lipolysis and skin tightening. Ten females were enrolled, and all women's side of the waist or the lower part of the abdomen were treated. In the first step, the 1064 nm Nd:YAG was used. As a second step, the 2940 nm Er:YAG laser was applied. Each woman was treated four times, once every 2 weeks. The effects were determined by comparative photo documentation, waist circumference measurement, two‐dimensional B‐mode ultrasonography and low‐dose native computer tomography (CT), whereas body fat was monitored with bioelectric impedance. The tissue firmness was measured by ultrasound shear wave elastography. Combined laser treatment significantly reduced waist circumference and total body fat. Ultrasonography has revealed that the treatment considerably decreased fat thickness and improved skin stiffness in the treated region. Subcutaneous fat volume, measured by low‐dose CT, displayed a moderate decrease in the waist region. The combined 1064 nm Nd:YAG and 2940 nm Er:YAG laser treatment results in the reduction of fat tissue and tightens the skin as confirmed by objective measurements.