bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using fish landing sites and markets information towards quantification of the blue economy to enhance fisheries management
Authors: Aura Christopher Mulanda , Nyamweya Chrisphine S. , Njiru James M. , Odoli Cyprian , Musa Safina , Ogari Zachary , Abila Richard , Okeyo Raphael , Oketch Robert 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFisheries management uses important fish market information and information from Communication Technology (ICT) to improve fish trade by identifying inefficiencies, inequity and post‐harvest losses. The current study reports fisheries output using ICT at major landing sites and markets in Kenya and Uganda from the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) Enhanced Fish Market Information Service (EFMIS) database for 2009 – 2017. Catch assessment survey data validated the use of market data in drawing conclusions. Regional Frame Survey data provided information before EFMIS, enabling comparisons of fish trade costings. The average quantity of fish traded in Kenya depended on seasons of active lake fishing, which occurs in January – March and August – October, while Uganda had an irregular pattern associated with fish trade throughout the year. The quantity of fish traded weekly depended on the average price of fish. Lower sales margins during the EFMIS project showed the merits of information sharing using ICT platforms for efficient and equitable fish trade. Such evaluation of fish market information is useful in fish trade policy formulation and for fisheries management and ecological sustainability in rural and peri‐urban communities.
Ecosystem carbon response of an Arctic peatland to simulated permafrost thaw
Authors: Voigt Carolina , Marushchak Maija E. , Mastepanov Mikhail , Lamprecht Richard E. , Christensen Torben R. , Dorodnikov Maxim , Jackowicz‐Korczyński Marcin , Lindgren Amelie , Lohila Annalea , Nykänen Hannu , Oinonen Markku , Oksanen Timo , Palonen Vesa , Treat Claire C. , Martikainen Pertti J. , Biasi Christina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPermafrost peatlands are biogeochemical hot spots in the Arctic as they store vast amounts of carbon. Permafrost thaw could release part of these long‐term immobile carbon stocks as the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, but how much, at which time‐span and as which gaseous carbon species is still highly uncertain. Here we assess the effect of permafrost thaw on GHG dynamics under different moisture and vegetation scenarios in a permafrost peatland. A novel experimental approach using intact plant–soil systems (mesocosms) allowed us to simulate permafrost thaw under near‐natural conditions. We monitored GHG flux dynamics via high‐resolution flow‐through gas measurements, combined with detailed monitoring of soil GHG concentration dynamics, yielding insights into GHG production and consumption potential of individual soil layers. Thawing the upper 10–15 cm of permafrost under dry conditions increased CO2 emissions to the atmosphere (without vegetation: 0.74 ± 0.49 vs. 0.84 ± 0.60 g CO2–C m−2 day−1; with vegetation: 1.20 ± 0.50 vs. 1.32 ± 0.60 g CO2–C m−2 day−1, mean ± SD, pre‐ and post‐thaw, respectively). Radiocarbon dating (14C) of respired CO2, supported by an independent curve‐fitting approach, showed a clear contribution (9%–27%) of old carbon to this enhanced post‐thaw CO2 flux. Elevated concentrations of CO2, CH4, and dissolved organic carbon at depth indicated not just pulse emissions during the thawing process, but sustained decomposition and GHG production from thawed permafrost. Oxidation of CH4 in the peat column, however, prevented CH4 release to the atmosphere. Importantly, we show here that, under dry conditions, peatlands strengthen the permafrost–carbon feedback by adding to the atmospheric CO2 burden post‐thaw. However, as long as the water table remains low, our results reveal a strong CH4 sink capacity in these types of Arctic ecosystems pre‐ and post‐thaw, with the potential to compensate part of the permafrost CO2 losses over longer timescales.
Drought and its legacy modulate the post‐fire recovery of soil functionality and microbial community structure in a Mediterranean shrubland
Authors: Hinojosa María Belén , Laudicina Vito Armando , Parra Antonio , Albert‐Belda Enrique , Moreno José Manuel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effects of drought on soil dynamics after fire are poorly known, particularly its long‐term (i.e., years) legacy effects once rainfall returns to normal. Understanding this is particularly important for nutrient‐poor soils in semi‐arid regions affected by fire, in which rainfall is projected to decrease with climate change. Here, we studied the effects of post‐fire drought and its legacy on soil microbial community structure and functionality in aCistus‐Ericashrubland (Spain). Rainfall total and patterns were experimentally modified to produce an unburned control (natural rainfall) and four burned treatments: control (natural rainfall), historical control (long‐term average rainfall), moderate drought (percentile 8 historical rainfall, 5 months of drought per year), and severe drought (percentile 2, 7 months of drought). Soil nutrients and microbial community composition (ester‐linked fatty acid approach) and functionality (enzyme activities and C mineralization rate) were monitored during the first 4 years after fire under rainfall treatments, plus two additional ones without them (six post‐fire years). We found that the recovery of burned soils was lower under drought. Post‐fire drought increased nitrate in the short term and reduced available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, soil organic matter, enzyme activities, and carbon mineralization rate. Moreover, drought decreased soil total microbial biomass and fungi, with bacteria becoming relatively more abundant. Two years after discontinuing the drought treatments, the drought legacy was significant for available phosphorus and enzyme activities. Although microbial biomass did not show any drought legacy effect, the proportion of fungi and bacteria (mainly gram‐positive) did, being lower and higher, respectively, in former drought‐treated plots. We show that drought has an important impact on soil processes, and that some of its effects persist for at least 2 years after the drought ended. Therefore, drought and its legacy effects can be important for modeling biogeochemical processes in burned soils under future climate change.
Drainage enhances modern soil carbon contribution but reduces old soil carbon contribution to ecosystem respiration in tundra ecosystems
Authors: Kwon Min Jung , Natali Susan M. , Hicks Pries Caitlin E. , Schuur Edward A. G. , Steinhof Axel , Crummer K. Grace , Zimov Nikita , Zimov Sergey A. , Heimann Martin , Kolle Olaf , Göckede Mathias 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWarming temperatures are likely to accelerate permafrost thaw in the Arctic, potentially leading to the release of old carbon previously stored in deep frozen soil layers. Deeper thaw depths in combination with geomorphological changes due to the loss of ice structures in permafrost, may modify soil water distribution, creating wetter or drier soil conditions. Previous studies revealed higher ecosystem respiration rates under drier conditions, and this study investigated the cause of the increased ecosystem respiration rates using radiocarbon signatures of respired CO2 from two drying manipulation experiments: one in moist and the other in wet tundra. We demonstrate that higher contributions of CO2 from shallow soil layers (0–15 cm; modern soil carbon) drive the increased ecosystem respiration rates, while contributions from deeper soil (below 15 cm from surface and down to the permafrost table; old soil carbon) decreased. These changes can be attributed to more aerobic conditions in shallow soil layers, but also the soil temperature increases in shallow layers but decreases in deep layers, due to the altered thermal properties of organic soils. Decreased abundance of aerenchymatous plant species following drainage in wet tundra reduced old carbon release but increased aboveground plant biomass elevated contributions of autotrophic respiration to ecosystem respiration. The results of this study suggest that drier soils following drainage may accelerate decomposition of modern soil carbon in shallow layers but slow down decomposition of old soil carbon in deep layers, which may offset some of the old soil carbon loss from thawing permafrost.
Comparison of liver stiffness assessment by transient elastography and shear wave elastography using six ultrasound devices
Authors: Iijima Hiroko , Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Kobayashi Natsuko , Yoshida Masahiro , Aoki Tomoko , Nishimura Takashi , Nakano Chikage , Ishii Akio , Takashima Tomoyuki , Sakai Yoshiyuki , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Nishikawa Hiroki , Ikeda Naoto , Iwata Yoshinori , Enomoto Hirayuki , Ide Yoshi‐Hiro , Hirota Seiichi , Fujimoto Jiro , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: January 2019

AimTransient elastography (TE) is the gold standard for measurement of liver stiffness. The usefulness of shear wave elastographies (SWE) is well accepted. However, the measurement values cannot be equivalently compared because cut‐off values for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis are different among those devices.We aimed to clarify correlations, to generate the regression equations between TE and SWEs, and to compare the diagnostic ability of each device to diagnose liver fibrosis.MethodsA total of 109 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent liver biopsy and same‐day evaluation of liver stiffness using six ultrasound devices were analyzed. The diagnostic ability of liver stiffness from each ultrasound device and correlations between TE and each SWE were analyzed.ResultsLiver stiffness measured by all six ultrasound devices increased significantly as liver fibrosis stage advanced (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2) and cirrhosis yielded area under the ROC curve (AUROC) values based on TE of 0.830 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.755–0.905) and 0.959 (95% CI, 0.924–0.995), respectively. The AUROCs for predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2) and cirrhosis (F4) based on SWE from all five ultrasound devices were over 0.8 and 0.9, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients between TE values and SWE values from five ultrasound devices were all over 0.8, indicating a strong relationship.ConclusionOur study showed strong correlations between TE and SWEs with high correlation coefficients. The regression equations between TE and SWEs demonstrated the ability to compare the measurement values in each device equivalently.
The entrepreneurial university and academic discourses: The meta‐synthesis of Higher Education articles
Authors: Uslu Baris , Calikoglu Alper , Seggie F. Nevra , Seggie Steven H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe innovative teaching, knowledge and technology production and societal service activities of academics are largely discussed within the entrepreneurial university discourse in Higher Education journals. Therefore, this research focuses on a meta‐synthesis of Higher Education articles to better understand the concepts of the entrepreneurial university and entrepreneurial academic. After the systematic elimination based on keywords and titles, 25 articles have been selected from the top 10 Higher Education journals in the SCImago Journal Rankings. Content analysis was performed on these articles to highlight the common operational areas in entrepreneurial universities and activities of entrepreneurial academics. The meta‐synthesis shows that, both for universities and academics, entrepreneurship is overwhelmingly characterised by the commercialisation of scholarly activities that enrich institutional income revenue as well as academics’ personal income. However, such an approach can distance universities from their mission of public good; so Higher Education administrators should create mechanisms that would allow both to take place in a balanced way.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy secondary to hepatitis C virus infection‐related T‐cell lymphopenia
Authors: Aung Ar Kar , Robinson Jessica , Hey Penelope , Lehmann Mahalia , Chow Yan , Stark Richard J. , Bosco Julian J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an uncommon neurological condition known to occur in the setting of T‐cell immune suppression. We report a case of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection‐related T‐cell lymphopenia manifesting as PML. HCV treatment and transient viral suppression resulted in immunological recovery with clinical stabilisation.
Inequity in access to the Argentinian pension system (1994–2017)
Authors: Geri Milva , de Santis Mariana , Moscoso Nebel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPension coverage in Argentina is inequitably distributed between different income levels, both during working years and during retirement. The objective of the article is to study the evolution of inequity in access to the Argentinian pension system in terms of its association with the socio‐economic status of individuals during the period 1994–2017. An evaluation is offered of how variables such as sex, age, and educational attainment influence such inequity. It is concluded that, although the level of average coverage increased, inequity in access increased significantly in the years following the 1994 reform, both among the active and the inactive population. However, inequity in access among active persons did not improve substantially with the return to the pay‐as‐you‐go pension system, while it was considerably reduced among the inactive population. While the former are found to be affected to a greater extent in terms of coverage as a result of the pro‐educated bias among the active population, the latter outcome is thought to be a direct result of the transitory plan (Pension Inclusion Plan) for pension inclusion, after which inequity was to resume its upward course.
Reproductive development response to high daytime temperature in field pea
Authors: Jiang Yunfei , Davis Arthur R. , Vujanovic Vladimir , Bueckert Rosalind A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFlowering plants are highly sensitive to heat stress during reproductive phase, which covers development from floral initiation to seed maturity. The objectives of this study were to diagnose high temperature effects on pollen production and morphology, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pollen grains and ovules in pea cultivar “CDC Golden.” This study also investigated timing and duration of heat exposure at specific developmental stages of floral buds, open flowers and early set pods on flower and pod abortion, seed development and seed yield in “CDC Golden” and a second cultivar “CDC Sage.” The experiments were conducted in growth chambers with two temperature regimes (24/18°C and 35/18°C day/night temperature for 4–14 days) during reproductive development. Heat stress reduced the number of pollen grains per anther, induced smaller pollen grains and increased ROS production in pollen grains, but it did not affect ROS accumulation in ovules and ovule number per ovary. Heat exposure when young floral buds were visible at the first reproductive node was more detrimental to flower retention, seed set, pod development and seed yield compared to heat exposure started later when flowers at the second reproductive node were fully open.
Defect dipole evolution and its impact on the ferroelectric properties of Fe‐doped KTN single crystals
Authors: Cao Xilong , Tian Hao , Hu Chengpeng , Huang Fei , Wang Yu , Sun Xiudong , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of doped potassium tantalum niobate crystals with different Fe doping amounts and the adjustability of the properties are investigated. The hysteresis loops and current density curves show that the defect dipoles have an obvious effect on domain reorientation, and the effect decreases with increasing doping amount. The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties can be adjusted via the defect dipoles, and the adjustability is reduced with increasing doping amount. A change of the doping amount leads to defect dipole structure evolution in the crystals, in which the defect dipoles transform from a polar structure to a nonpolar structure, which is the reason for the transition of the domain reorientation determined by the defect dipoles. This result has proved that introducing defects is an effective way to improve and regulate perovskite properties, and the doping amount is one of the important factors controlling the defect dipoles.
Synergy of pulmonary vein isolation and catheter renal denervation in atrial fibrillation complicated with uncontrolled hypertension: Mapping the renal sympathetic nerve and pulmonary vein (the pulmonary vein isolation plus renal denervation strategy)?
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Kiuchi Marcio G. , Yin Yuehui , Liu Shaowen , Schratter Alexandra , Acou Willem‐Jan , Meyer Christian , Pürerfellner Helmut , Chun K. R. Julian , Schmidt Boris 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionDisturbance of sympathetic and vagal nervous system participates in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF). Renal denervation (RDN) can modulate autonomic nervous activity and reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of RDN combined with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with AF and hypertension.MethodsClinical trials including randomized data comparing PVI plus RDN vs PVI alone were enrolled. Primary outcome was incidence of AF recurrence after procedure.ResultsA total of 387 patients, of them 252 were randomized and were enrolled. Mean age was 57 ± 10 years, 71% were male, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 57.4% ± 6.9%. Follow‐up for randomized data was 12 months. Overall comparison for primary outcome showed that PVI + RDN was associated with significantly lower AF recurrence as compared with PVI alone (35.8% vs 55.4%, P < 0.0001). This advantageous effect was consistently maintained among randomized patients (37.3% vs 61.9%, odds ratio = 0.37,
P = 0.0001), and among patients with implanted devices for detection of AF recurrence (38.9% vs 61.6%,
P = 0.007). Post‐hoc sensitivity and regression analysis demonstrated very good stability of this primary result. Pooled Kaplan‐Meier analysis further showed that PVI + RDN was associated with significantly higher freedom from AF recurrence as compared with PVI alone (log‐rank test,
P = 0.001). Besides, RDN resulted in significant BP reduction without additionally increasing the risk of adverse events.ConclusionsRDN may provide synergetic effects with PVI to reduce the burden of AF and improve BP control in patients with AF and uncontrolled hypertension.
Itch: an under‐recognized problem in psoriasis
Authors: Elewski B. , Alexis A.F. , Lebwohl M. , Stein Gold L. , Pariser D. , Del Rosso J. , Yosipovitch G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPsoriasis has historically been considered a nonpruritic dermatosis, in contrast with atopic dermatitis. Thus, itch has often been underappreciated and overlooked in psoriasis. However, increasing evidence over the past decade has shown that itch can be one of the most prevalent and burdensome symptoms associated with psoriasis, affecting almost every patient to some degree. Itch can involve the entire body, although it predominantly affects the legs, hands, back, body and especially the scalp. Uncontrolled itch can significantly impact all aspects of the well‐being and quality of life of the patient. While there has been some progress in trying to better understand the pathophysiology of itch in psoriasis, more research effort and interest are needed. This under‐recognition of itch in psoriasis is clearly reflected in the dearth of treatment options targeting itch despite significant advancement in treating the lesions themselves. Recently, however, clinical studies have begun to include itch as a study outcome. The resulting data have demonstrated concomitant antipruritic benefits and improved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores with mainstay treatments for psoriasis, such as topical corticosteroids and vitamin D analogs, phototherapies, and various systemics and biologics. This article takes a closer look at this debilitating symptom, reviewing the available epidemiology data for psoriatic itch, presenting the current understanding of psoriatic itch pathophysiology and highlighting important clinical data for various treatment options for itch. Practical considerations for increasing the recognition of itch as well as improving its management in psoriasis are also provided.
CREDIT RATINGS AND THE COST OF ISSUING SEASONED EQUITY
Authors: McBrayer Garrett A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractI examine the effects of issuer credit ratings on the costs associated with seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). The evidence from a panel of SEOs from 1990 to 2014 shows that when firms issue seasoned equity, those with issuer credit ratings pay reduced investment banking fees. I confirm these results by conducting a propensity‐score matched‐sample comparison analysis of firms that obtain new, long‐term issuer credit ratings with an unrated control group. Controlling for known determinants of SEO fees, I find that firms that obtain a new credit rating before issuing seasoned equity pay significantly reduced investment banking fees. In economic terms, underwriting fees for newly rated firms are 7.2% lower than those for similar, yet unrated firms. Finally, I examine the indirect costs of issuance and find evidence that credit‐rated firms face reduced market‐based costs to issue. Rated firms incur lower dilutionary costs to issue and have more positive abnormal returns surrounding the issue.
Teprenone improves gastric mucosal injury and dyspeptic symptoms in long‐term nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users
Authors: Gong Yingying , Huang Xinxin , Chen Minhu , Xiong Lishou 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a major cause of gastric mucosal lesions. In China, teprenone is frequently prescribed as a mucoprotective agent, but the literature regarding their efficacy is limited. Our purpose was to address the effects of teprenone on long‐term NSAID‐associated gastric mucosal lesions.MethodsThis study examined 369 patients taking NSAIDs for at least 12 weeks. Patients without gastroduodenal ulcer and without Helicobacter pylori infection on endoscopy at baseline were randomized to receive either NSAID plus teprenone (150 mg/day) or NSAID only for 12 weeks. Lanza scores were examined using endoscopy before and after treatment, and dyspeptic symptom scores are also analyzed.ResultsA total of 158 patients were randomized to the teprenone group (n = 74) or the control group (n = 84) for 12 weeks. Seventy‐one of patients in the teprenone group and 79 of patients in the control group were analyzed finally. After treatment, the Lanza scores and dyspeptic symptom scores decreased significantly in the teprenone group while increased in the control group (P < 0.05). The changes of Lanza scores and dyspeptic symptom scores were higher in the teprenone group than in the control group (P < 0.05). For subgroup analysis, the change in Lanza scores and dyspeptic symptom scores improved significantly in the teprenone group receiving long‐term low‐dose aspirin treatment, as well as in the teprenone group receiving other NSAIDs treatment (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTeprenone may be an effective treatment choice of gastric mucosal injuries and dyspepsia symptoms in patients who used NSAIDs chronically without H. pylori infection or history of gastroduodenal ulcer.