bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Do We Play Golf? An Exploratory Research
Authors: Mar Martín-García María del , Ruiz-Real Jose Luis , Gazquez-Abad Juan Carlos , Uribe-Toril Juan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, golf tourism, as a form of sports tourism, has experienced significant growth. Knowing the behavior of golf players helps managers of sports facilities establish new marketing strategies and increases opportunities for golf tourism destinations. This article explores the factors that influence the intention to play golf through an exploratory-sequential design. The value attributed to the environment where the sport is played is the variable with the greatest impact on participation. Golfers also perceive golf courses to be responsible in their environmental management, which has a direct impact on their intention to play. Furthermore, a relationship of considerable magnitude is found between experiential consumption and the perception of golf as a healthy sport. When analyzing the influence of the variables as a whole, it can be concluded that in the current post-pandemic era, the golf course experience or the health factor is less important for practicing this sport than the natural surroundings or the environmental factor. This research makes an important breakthrough by finding that golfers’ intentions to participate are influenced by their perception of the environmentally responsible behavior of golf courses and the value they place on the playing environment.Golf course managers are encouraged to communicate their environmental practices to the rest of society. This marketing strategy can be effective in positioning golf as an environmentally friendly sport, thus changing its image, which can undoubtedly attract new players.
Searching for a New C-PC Development Paradigm
Authors: Czarnecki Lech , Van Gemert Dionys , Wang Ru , Reda Taha Mahmoud 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In less than a century, concrete has become the most commonly used construction material worldwide. Today, it is difficult to imagine concrete entirely devoid of polymers. The implantation of polymers into concrete has taken effect in the form of Concrete Polymer Composite [C-PC = PMC + PCC + PIC + PC]. Several milestones are recognised in the development of C-PC. They are discussed here with particular emphasis on the innovative milestones that shaped the use of polymers in concrete. As the difference between polymer cement concrete and ordinary concrete diminishes, the question: “What should the paradigm of C-PC development be?” arises.
Eco-cement Cobblestones with Polyurethane Wastes
Authors: Arroyo Raquel , González-Moreno Sara , Alameda Cuenca-Romero Lourdes , Calderón Verónica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the aim of implementing a circular economy in all manufacturing processes, by reducing the use of raw materials, while minimizing the use of natural resources and valuing several industrial wastes, efforts are focused on the development of new techniques that allow the use of wastes in the construction sector, in order to turn them into raw materials for the development of new materials, thus achieving all the processes towards a sustainable environment.
With this purpose, different precast cement cobble has been manufactured using recovered polyurethane waste from complete vehicle roofs generated in the automotive industry, turning them into a raw material. Depending on the amount of waste used, with progressive substitutions of sand of 20%, 40% and 60% of polymer waste, the final properties are achieved according to the application requirements, both in the fresh and hardened state, reaching the values required by current standards.
As well as water properties and microstructure, accelerated aging tests in freeze-thaw cycles and crystallization of salts have been tested, stablishing the compressive strength before and after, guaranteeing the properties in outdoor environments in which these materials can be placed.
The characterization has been completed with tests on the generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fire resistance and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
In this way, the development of innovating solutions is achieved, valorizing waste that is generated in significant quantities, being able to be used in prefabricated products to be used in the building sector.
Effect of the Cellulose Ether on Water Loss of the Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement Mortars
Authors: Guo Chuanchuan , Wan Qin , Wang Ru , Chen Bo , Chen Ning 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cellulose ether (CE) is widely used in cement-based materials because of its good water retention capacity that can improve the workability of the fresh mortars significantly. However, in the high temperature conditions, the CE modified cement mortars sometimes are easy to lose their good workability, which may be due to the change of the water-retention capacity of CE. This work investigates the changes in the water loss rate (WLR) of the CE modified calcium sulphoaluminate cement (CSAC) mortars at 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃ respectively, and the effect of the types and contents of the CE was also considered. Additionally, isothermal calorimeter and 1H low-field NMR were carried out to monitor the changes of chemically bound water and CE adsorbed water content during the reaction. The results show that the WLRs of the CE modified CSAC mortars changes with temperature and the types and contents of the CE. These changes are mainly based on the fact that CE affects the state and relative contents of water molecules in mortar, and the microstructure of the CSAC mortars.
Utilisation of Hydrophobic Agents for Water-Repellent Cement Screeds Intended for External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems
Authors: Hodul Jakub , Mészárosová Lenka , Žižková Nikol 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper discusses the possibilities of hydrophobization of cement screeds intended primarily for external thermal insulation composite systems. The hydrophobic character of the mixtures both with and without the addition of hydrophobic agents was investigated. The following hydrophobic agents were used: zinc and magnesium stearate, sodium oleate, two types of mixed product of stearates and oleates, micronized wax and a silane hydrophobic agent. The mixture containing 0.6% zinc stearate and 0.6% silane showed the lowest water absorption and high flexural and compressive strength. The microstructure of the selected mixtures was also monitored using a scanning electron microscope, where the pores covered with the layer of polymer admixture were observed.
Applications of Concrete-Polymer Composites: Where Are We Now and Where We Are Going?
Authors: Yeon Jung Heum , Choi Yeoung-Geun , Yeon Kyu-Seok 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aims to overview the current state of concrete-polymer composite (CPC) applications and proposes ways to develop and generalize the use of CPC in practical applications. According to the literature, polymer-modified concrete (PMC) is mainly formulated using SBR or epoxy-based latex and used for repair and overlays. Polymer concrete (PC) uses unsaturated polyester resin as a polymer binder and is mainly used for precast products. Polymer-impregnated concrete (PIC) research was actively conducted in the 1970s and 1980s, but currently, it is not easy to find except for a few applied studies. This study also presents the challenges and suggestions for developing and generaling CPC use in real-world practice.
Bond Characteristics of BFRP and GFRP Bars in Concrete with Additives—Results from a Beam Test Study
Authors: Urbański Marek , Szmigiera Elżbieta , Adamczewski Grzegorz , Woyciechowski Piotr P. , Protchenko Kostiantyn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article presents a comparative analysis of the bond behavior of steel bars in concrete and bars made of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) in modified concrete. While steel bars have been the conventional choice for reinforcement in concrete structures, their bonding properties are well established. In contrast, FRP bars possess distinct mechanical and physical properties, which can lead to different bonding behavior in concrete. The study investigated the effects of concrete properties and bar characteristics on the bond behavior of GFRP and BFRP bars. Specifically, the study analyzed the relationships between bond stress-slip, modes and mechanisms of failure, and changes in bond strength of concrete with the addition of zeolite and metakaolin, with the presence of GFRP, BFRP, and steel bars. The findings of the study reveal that the adhesion of composite bars to modified concrete is enhanced to varying degrees. The bond stress of GFRP bars to concrete with metakaolin addition was found to be 50% higher than to normal concrete, while the bond stress to concrete with zeolite was similar. On the other hand, BFRP bars exhibited an increase in bond stress of 7% in the presence of concrete with metakaolin. Moreover, BFRP bars displayed a greater bond to steel reinforcement that underwent plasticization or rupture. The study also noted that the change in bond strength of GFRP and BFRP bars due to their linear deformability was gradual, characterized by a several times greater slip range compared to steel bars.
Effect of Hybridization of BFRP Bars on Their Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ogrodowska Karolina , Urbański Marek , Garbacz Andrzej 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) bars are increasingly used as the main reinforcement of concrete structures, replacing traditional steel reinforcement. In this paper results of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars (BFRP) modification by partial replacement of basalt fibers with carbon fibers were presented. The analysis of an effect of hybridization on a microstructure and mechanical properties of BFRP bars were performed. This analysis was thought out based on tests performed: tensile strength and shear strength and a microstructure observation with scanning electron microscope. The results obtained indicate that the hybridization effectively increases elasticity modulus compared to unmodified BFRP and the tensile strength and shear strength increase in lower extant. The nonhomogeneous distribution of carbon fiber in the cross-section of HFRP bars has relatively small effect of mechanical properties and their scattering.
Crack Propagation Analysis of Model Concrete Columns with BFRP Reinforcement Bars
Authors: Wydra Małgorzata , Sadowski Grzegorz , Dolny Piotr , Fangrat Jadwiga 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Available studies on concrete structural parts with FRP reinforcement bars concern mostly investigations on bent elements (beams, slabs) [1, 2]. There are also available a few theoretical analyses on columns [3–5]. Though, there is still little experimental data concerning concrete columns with FRP bars [6–8], especially subjected to eccentric load, as also underlined in the review article [9]. This research aims to fulfill this research gap. Also, basalt FRP bars were chosen as relatively new type of non-metallic bars with low ecological impact [1].
A total of eight columns with the height of either 750 mm or 1500 mm having 150 mm x 150 mm rectangular cross section were examined under axial or eccentric mechanical load up to 290 kN. Columns were reinforced with four BFRP main bars with the diameter of either 8 or 10 mm, and 8 mm steel stirrups in each case. The results on the thermal and mechanical properties’ investigations on BFRP bars were presented in [10]; the compressive strength values of the used BFRP bars were in the range of 441.2–466.8 MPa and elasticity modulus at compression values were equal to 31.0–38.4 GPa. Tested compressive strength of concrete, from which all columns were made (in one concrete pouring) were equal to 33.8 MPa. Each column was loaded in three cycles of loading-unloading, increasing the eccentricity, from 0 to 2 cm, and finally to 4 cm. DIC (Digital Image Correlation) method was used for the analysis of crack propagation (as in earlier research of bent elements [11]), but also unexpectedly there were visualised intensification areas of compression micro-damages. Failure was noted for two elements - B075_8_2 at the eccentricity of 4 cm (failure load – 290 kN after 60 s of sustained load) and B150_10_2 at the eccentricity of 4 cm (280 kN). Other specimens did not fail under load up to 290 kN. Maps from DIC method were also compared with results from numerical modelling (in Abaqus software) with good resemblance.
Underwater Abrasion Resistance of Fibre Reinforced-Latex Modified Concrete with Granulated Rubber
Authors: Klun Mateja , Šušteršič Jakob , Ercegovič Rok , Mikoš Matjaž , Kryžanowski Andrej 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present and discuss the initial results of a large-scale research project involving laboratory and field investigations of abrasion resistance of different types of concrete. The decision to study in more detail the abrasion resistance of fibre-reinforced concrete with granulated rubber was based on the results of previous research projects, as well as on observations on the behaviour of concretes placed in the spillways of hydro power plants loaded with water and water-borne particles. Gravel aggregate, steel, polypropylene fibres, and granulated rubber were used to prepare the concrete. In the fibre-reinforced concretes without granulated rubber, the binding component consisted of cement and silica fume, but when granulated rubber was added, the binding component consisted of cement and a dry proportion of SBR latex. The results obtained by now, at an age of 90 days show that fibre-reinforced concretes with granulated rubber have an improved resistance to underwater abrasion, compared to fibre-reinforced concretes without granulated rubber.
Fast Cured Mineral-Impregnated Carbon-Fiber (MCF) Reinforcements Made of Geopolymer as a Promising Alternative to Conventional Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Systems
Authors: Zhao Jitong , Liebscher Marco , Airom Golrokh , Mechtcherine Viktor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study introduces the design and realization of a fast-setting technology for an efficient industrial production of a novel mineral-impregnated carbon-fiber (MCF) reinforcements for the building sector. By employing mineral-based matrices for carbon fiber (CF) reinforcements, numerous advantages can be achieved, including high temperature resistance, cost-effectiveness, reliable bonding with concrete substrates, and enhanced flexibility in automated processing.
This study focuses on the impact of different thermal curing regimes for the forming process of the MCF composite. The fabrication process involves commercially available raw materials and the utilization of a continuous pultrusion line, followed by oven heating at temperatures of 50 ℃ and 75 ℃ for short durations. The purposefully designed impregnation suspension allowed a sufficient long-lasting processing window at the early age. Extensive experimental investigations have been conducted to examine the development of the resulting MCF performance and the implementation of the MCF as reinforcement in GP concrete at varying temperature levels.
Influences of the Effectiveness of a Column Confinement with Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC)
Authors: Polienko Wladislaw , Holschemacher Klaus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the present paper the results of uniaxial compression tests conducted on textile reinforced concrete (TRC)—confined reinforced concrete (RC) columns are reported. By confining the column with TRC, the lateral expansion of the concrete can be impeded. The resulting multiaxial compressive stress state allows to enhance the components axial capacity. Due to the corrosion-resistant textile, the usual concrete cover in reinforced concrete construction is reduced, which allows slender but at the same time highly load-bearing components to be created. Consequently TRC provides a sustainable, environmentally friendly and lighter option for column reinforcement due to the material savings. The aim of this study is the investigation of various influences on the achievable strengthening effect. The impact of ratio of textile reinforcement and the applied fine grain concrete jacket is evaluated. In addition, the influence of the concrete strength of the strengthened component on the overall increase in load-bearing capacity was investigated. With the help of experiments on TRC reinforced RC columns with a circular cross-section mechanical property and constraint mechanism under uniaxial compression were documented and analyzed. Based on the test results, stress distribution and failure mechanisms of the reinforced specimens is studied. Furthermore, stress-strain relationship of strengthened members is investigated. The results show an increasing in both strength and ductility related to the unstrengthened reference columns. The specimens with a lower compressive strength can achieve a higher degree of reinforcement. A high ductility of the reinforced columns could also be observed.
Innovative Building Materials Containing Post-Consumer Plastics: A Rewarding Example of Circular Economy in Construction
Authors: Frigione Mariaenrica , de Aguiar José Luís Barroso 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Circular Economy, which it is among the priorities of the European Commission, is defined as an economy in which the value of products, materials and resources is maintained for as long as possible and the production of waste is reduced to minimum. Keeping in mind the impact on the environment caused on the one hand by post-consumer plastic waste and on the other hand by production processes of concrete, it is possible to find a solution able, at least partly, to mitigate these two issues. Following the principles of the circular economy, in fact, it is possible to reuse post-consumer plastic waste as fine aggregates in concrete: in this way, post-consumer plastic from waste becomes a resource; at the same time, the use of other natural resources is limited, such as the minerals traditionally used as aggregates in concrete. However, this virtuous solution still presents some problems to study and solve: this work aims to illustrate some of these issues, and provides indications on the aspects to be analyzed and solved.
From Big Ideas to Big Questions: Practices and Reflections on Teaching Units from a Competency Perspective
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gao Yuan , Li Cong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the introduction of “Core Competency for Student Development in China”, Chinese education has officially entered the era of “competency.” Although the curriculum standards have described the core competencies in different subjects to different degrees, there is still a large gap between them and specific subject knowledge, which is not enough to provide classroom teachers with the directions to implement the core competencies in their teaching practice. To make core competencies come into practice, it is necessary to find bridges that effectively link competency and learning content
A Study on the Teaching Design of “Problem Solving” for Junior Middle School Mathematics Teachers—Take the Example of “Applying Linear Equation in One Variable—Discount Sales”
Authors: Chen Lihong , Wu Xiaofang , Li Zhuo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe teaching materials about problem solving are selected from the junior middle school mathematics textbook of Beijing Normal University Edition. The teachers present the teaching design by reference to the teaching materials. Then, with the guidance of experts and peer discussion, they make continuous improvement to carry out the teaching design that can reflect the compilation idea of the textbook. In the reflection, they have a deeper understanding of the textbook and the compilation intention of the textbook, so as to promote the professional growth of teachers and the effective implementation of the textbook.
Challenge-Based Mathematics Learning at University Level: The Case of the Modelling Week
Authors: Pepin Birgit , Salinas-Hernández Ulises , Kock Zeger-jan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere are new needs and concerns in society and industry that require suitable preparation of engineering students for the challenges of this century (e.g., global warming and sustainability). Consequently, new educational approaches have been developed that are more relevant in contributing to the solution of challenges through collaboration between industry and universities (van Uum & Pepin, 2022). One of these approaches is Challenge-Based Education (CBE) (Membrillo-Hernández et al., 2019). In this context, it is important to analyze what occurs in these innovative learning environments at the three levels of the curriculum: intended, enacted, and attained. Our research focuses on observing and analyzing what happens at the boundary between enacted and attained level, considering the point of view of the students themselves. We ask two research questions (RQ): (1) How did students perceive the role of available resources to help them solve their challenge during a one-week challenge-based mathematics course? (2) How did students experience their learning in terms of mathematics and professional skills?
Evidence-Based Approach in Textbook Revision: Understand Students’ Adaptive Strategy Use in Addition of Two-Digit Numbers
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ding Manni , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAddition strategies that build on decomposing and composing numbers in flexible ways contribute to students’ overall number sense. In many instances, these adaptive strategies are easier and faster than standard algorithms. Therefore, it is best to have students learn a variety of methods that they can select from as needed. Empirical studies suggest that students often choose efficient strategies provided they know any appropriate strategies for a given problem.
A Comparison of the Contents of Statistics and Probability in Mathematics Curriculum Standards Between China and England
Authors: Li Kunli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper compared the topic of probability and statistics in two curriculum standards between China and England. Using content analysis and comparison methods, this study focuses on the comparison of overall characteristics, content distribution, content extension, information and communication technology. The findings show that the contents of the two curriculum standards are both based on statistics, supplemented by probability. The content distribution and content extension of Chinese curriculum standards are both lower than those of England curriculum standards. For information and communication technology, both the two curriculum standards advocate the effective use of information and communication technology and recommended that teachers should make judgments about the use of technology.
Research Progress of Mathematic Textbooks for Primary and Secondary Schools in Recent 20 Years
Authors: Quan Tingting , Li Xiaocheng , Yin Mengqian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study of mathematic textbooks has always been the focus of mathematics education in primary and secondary schools at home and abroad. With 345 SSCI literatures in the research field of mathematic textbooks for primary and secondary schools from Web of Science Core Collection Database (2000–2022) as research objects, the research hot spots and development trends are determined by using the methods of co-word analysis, cluster analysis and multidimensional scale analysis. The future of the research on mathematic textbooks in primary and secondary schools abroad is prospected from the aspects of perfecting the research framework, constructing academic community and developing digital textbooks.