bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Mycobacterium mephinesia”, a Mycobacterium terrae complex species of clinical interest isolated in French Polynesia
Authors: Saad Jamal , Phelippeau Michael , Khoder May , Lévy Marc , Musso Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA 59-year-old tobacco smoker male with chronic bronchitis living in Taravao, French Polynesia, Pacific, presented with a two-year growing nodule in the middle lobe of the right lung. A guided bronchoalveolar lavage inoculated onto Löwenstein-Jensen medium yielded colonies of a rapidly-growing non-chromogenic mycobacterium designed as isolate P7213. The isolate could not be identified using routine matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and phenotypic and probe-hybridization techniques and yielded 100% and 97% sequence similarity with the respective 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences of Mycobacterium virginiense in the Mycobacterium terrae complex. Electron microscopy showed a 1.15 µm long and 0.38 µm large bacillus which was in vitro susceptible to rifampicin, rifabutin, ethambutol, isoniazid, doxycycline and kanamycin. Its 4,511,948-bp draft genome exhibited a 67.6% G + C content with 4,153 coding-protein genes and 87 predicted RNA genes. Genome sequence-derived DNA-DNA hybridization, OrthoANI and pangenome analysis confirmed isolate P7213 was representative of a new species in the M. terrae complex. We named this species “Mycobacterium mephinesia”.
Next-Generation Sequencing of 17 Genes Associated with Venous Thromboembolism Reveals a Deficit of Non-Synonymous Variants in Procoagulant Genes
Authors: Manderstedt Eric , Lind-Halldén Christina , Svensson Peter , Zöller Bengt , Halldén Christer 
Published: July 2019

Background The heritability of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is only partially explained by variants in 17 previously VTE-associated genes.
Objective This article screens for additional rare variants in the 17 genes and investigates the relative contributions of pro- and anticoagulant genes to VTE.
Patients and Methods Ninety-six VTE patients from the population-based Malmö Thrombophilia Study were analysed using an AmpliSeq strategy and Ion Torrent sequencing and the variant data were compared with data from public databases.
Results A total of 102 non-synonymous and 76 synonymous variants were identified. Forty-six non-synonymous variants were present in the human gene mutation database. Anticoagulant and procoagulant genes showed 14 and 22 rare non-synonymous variants, respectively. Individual patients showed varying numbers of risk factors; 13 patients had non-synonymous mutations in SERPINC1, PROC and PROS1 genes and 42 had factor V Leiden or prothrombin mutations generating a total of 47 patients with at least one of these risk factors. Ten common VTE-associated variants showed low level enrichments and no correlation to the other risk factors. The enrichment of previously identified risk factors was similar to previous studies. Determination of the nsyn/syn ratio (number of non-synonymous variants per non-synonymous site, nsyn, to the number of synonymous variants per synonymous site, syn) showed, as expected in patients, an increase of non-synonymous relative to synonymous anticoagulant variants compared with controls (nsyn/syn, 0.95 vs. 0.68). In contrast, non-synonymous procoagulant variants (nsyn/syn, 0.31 vs. 0.63) showed a decrease. We suggest that the deficit of non-synonymous variants in procoagulant genes is a novel mechanism contributing to VTE.
Individualized Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with Lower-Leg Cast Immobilization—A Validation and Subgroup Analysis in the POT-CAST Trial
Authors: Nemeth Banne , van Adrichem Raymond , Nelissen Rob , le Cessie Saskia , Cannegieter Suzanne C. 
Published: July 2019

Background A small subgroup of patients treated with lower-leg cast immobilization develops venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Objectives (1) Identify risk factors for VTE in patients with cast immobilization, (2) assess the effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis in low- and high-risk groups, and (3) validate the performance of the L-TRiP(cast) score.
Methods Data from the POT-CAST trial were used. A total of 1,519 patients with lower-leg cast immobilization were randomized to a prophylactic dose of low-molecular-weight heparin or no treatment. Primary outcome: symptomatic VTE within 3 months. Absolute risks (ARs) were determined for low- and high-risk subgroups. For several risk factors, relative risks (RRs) for VTE were estimated with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For validating the L-TRiP(cast) score, a discrimination and calibration analysis were performed.
Results Patients with a body mass index of > 30 kg/m2 and those with a VTE in their family history had an increased VTE risk, RR 3.8 (95% CI, 1.5–9.4) and RR 2.4 (95% CI, 1.0–5.6), respectively. Concerning injury-specific risk factors, patients with an Achilles tendon rupture or those who were surgically treated had the highest risk of VTE, AR at 8.5% (95% CI, 3.7–16.1) and AR 3.5% (95% CI, 1.3–7.5), respectively. There were no subgroups in which thromboprophylaxis was effective for prevention of symptomatic VTE. The area under the curve for the L-TRiP(cast) score was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.58–0.80).
Conclusion Thromboprophylaxis was not effective for VTE prevention following lower-leg cast immobilization in any risk category. Low- and high-risk individuals could be identified using the L-TRiP(cast) score. The best treatment strategy for these patients is yet to be determined.
Trachea Reconstruction with Single-Stage Composite Flaps in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Wong Manzhi , Tan Bien-Keem , Lim Chong-Hee 
Published: July 2019

Background Trachea reconstruction requires creation of a functional lining, semirigid support, and vascularity. We aimed to design composite flaps with these three components in a rabbit model.
Methods Circumferential (n = 9) and partial anterior (n = 8) tracheal defects were created in rabbits. A circumferential defect was reconstructed with a tubed ear flap incorporating cartilage for support and skin for lining. This was pedicled on the posterior auricular vessels and tunneled into the neck to bridge the defect. In the second experiment, a longitudinal anterior trachea defect was patched with a pedicled rib cartilage and intercostal muscle flap based on the internal mammary vessels. The vascularized fascia over the intercostal muscles replaced the lining while the cartilage provided support. Postoperatively, the rabbits were monitored clinically and endoscopically. The tracheal constructs were examined histologically after the animals were sacrificed.
Results Rabbits with circumferential defects reconstructed with the ear flap survived up to 6 months. Histology demonstrated vascularized cartilage with good integration of the flap with native trachea. However, hair growth and skin desquamation resulted in airway obstruction in the long term. In the second experiment, all the rabbits survived without respiratory distress, and the intercostal muscle fascia was completely covered by native respiratory epithelium.
Conclusion We described two experimental techniques using autologous composite flaps for single-stage trachea reconstruction in a rabbit model. Skin was a poor lining replacement, whereas vascularized muscle fascia became covered with respiratory epithelium. A rib cartilage and muscle flap could potentially be used for reconstruction of partial defects in humans.
The Effect of Flucloxacillin on Warfarin Anticoagulation: A Swedish Register-Based Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Mannheimer Buster , Stage Tore B. , Pottegård Anton , Lindh Jonatan D. 
Published: July 2019

Background Data indicate that codispensing flucloxacillin to patients already on warfarin may result in decreased warfarin efficacy.
Objectives This article investigates the effect of flucloxacillin on warfarin anticoagulation.
Patients and Methods In a retrospective cohort study of warfarin users, using three nationwide registers we included 5,848 patients receiving 10 days flucloxacillin treatment and 201 with ≥30 days treatment. To assess the potential for confounding by indication, we also identified 21,430 individuals initiating phenoxymethylpenicillin. International normalized ratio (INR) values and warfarin doses were calculated day-by-day and proportion of patients with a subtherapeutic INR week-by-week during cotreatment.
Results Following initiation of flucloxacillin with a planned treatment duration of 10 days and ≥30 days, the mean INR decreased from 2.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34; 2.37) to 2.20 (95% CI 2.19; 2.21) and from 2.24 (95% CI 2.16; 2.32) to 1.96 (95% CI 1.89; 2.02), respectively. Consequently, for individuals with 10 days treatment the proportion of patients with a subtherapeutic INR of < 2 increased from 22% in the week preceding flucloxacillin initiation to 35% in the third week after initiation of flucloxacillin. In patients with 30 days treatment, the proportion increased from 34 to 63% by week 6. In individuals initiating phenoxymethylpenicillin, INR levels did not decrease.
Conclusion One in three patients with 10 days flucloxacillin and almost two in three patients initiating long-term treatment, was exposed to a subsequent subtherapeutic anticoagulant effect. To avoid unnecessary thromboembolic complications, the initiation of flucloxacillin should be accompanied by closer INR monitoring which may be especially important among individuals with lengthy treatments.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Soteropulos Carol E. , Tang Sherry Y.Q. , Poore Samuel O. 
Published: August 2019

Background Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) principles have received focused attention in breast reconstruction. Many protocols have been described in the literature for both autologous and alloplastic reconstruction. This systematic review serves to better characterize successful ERAS protocols described in the literature for potential ease of adoption at institutions desiring implementation.
Methods A systematic review of ERAS protocols for autologous and alloplastic breast reconstruction was conducted using Medline, the Cochrane Database, and Web of Science.
Results Eleven cohort studies evaluating ERAS protocols for autologous (n = 8) and alloplastic (n = 3) breast reconstruction were included for review. The majority compared with a retrospective cohort of traditional perioperative care. All studies described the full spectrum of implemented ERAS protocols including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of care. Most frequently reported significant outcomes were reduced length of stay and opioid use with ERAS implementation. No significant change in major complication or readmission rate was demonstrated.
Conclusion Based on this systematic review, several core elements that make up a successful perioperative enhanced recovery protocol for breast reconstruction have been identified. Elements include patient counseling and education, limited preoperative fasting, appropriate thromboprophylaxis and antibiotic prophylaxis dependent on reconstructive method, preoperative antiemetics, multimodal analgesia and use of local anesthetic, goal-directed intravenous fluid management, prompt removal of drains and catheters, early diet advancement, and encouragement of ambulation postoperatively. Implementation of ERAS protocols in both autologous and alloplastic breast reconstruction can positively enhance patient experience and improve outcomes by reducing length of stay and opioid use, without compromising successful reconstructive outcomes.
Optical properties of metamorphic type-I InAs1−xSbx/Aly In1−y As quantum wells grown on GaAs for the mid-infrared spectral range
Authors: Repiso Eva , Broderick Christopher A , de la Mata Maria , Arkani Reza , Lu Qi , Marshall Andrew R J , Molina Sergio I , O’Reilly Eoin P , Carrington Peter J , Krier Anthony 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We analyse the optical properties of InAs1−x
Sb
x
/Al
y
In1−y
As quantum wells (QWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on relaxed Al
y
In1−y
As metamorphic buffer layers (MBLs) using GaAs substrates. The use of Al
y
In1−y
As MBLs allows for the growth of QWs having large type-I band offsets, and emission wavelengths  >3

m. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements for QWs having Sb compositions up to x  =  10% demonstrate strong room temperature PL up to 3.4

m, as well as enhancement of the PL intensity with increasing wavelength. To quantify the trends in the measured PL we calculate the QW spontaneous emission (SE), using a theoretical model based on an eight-band

Hamiltonian. The theoretical calculations, which are in good agreement with experiment, identify that the observed enhancement in PL intensity with increasing wavelength is associated with the impact of compressive strain on the QW valence band structure, which reduces the band edge density of states making more carriers available to undergo radiative recombination at fixed carrier density. Our results highlight the potential of type-I InAs1−x
Sb
x
/Al
y
In1−y
As metamorphic QWs to address several limitations associated with existing heterostructures operating in the mid-infrared, establishing these novel heterostructures as a suitable platform for the development of light-emitting diodes and diode lasers.
Constructing Suspicion Through Forensic DNA Databases in the EU. The Views of the Prüm Professionals
Authors: Machado Helena , Granja Rafaela , Amelung Nina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article explores the fluid and flexible forms of constructing suspicion, which take shape in transnational governance of crime through forensic DNA databases. The empirical examples are the views of professionals engaged with the so-called Prüm system. This technological identification system was developed to enable DNA data exchange across EU Member States in the context of police and judicial cooperation to control cross-border crime and terrorism. We argue that suspicion is constructed through forms of deterritorializing and reterritorializing assumptions about criminality linked to the movements of suspect communities across the European Union. Transnational crime management is configured through narratives of global expansion of criminal mobility, technical neutrality of DNA identification and the reliance on criminal categorizations of particular national populations.
Morphological and genetic characterization in putative hybrid zones of Petunia axillaris subsp. axillaris and subsp. parodii (Solanaceae)
Authors: Giudicelli Giovanna C , Turchetto Caroline , Teixeira Marcelo C , Freitas Loreta B 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPetunia axillaris subsp. axillaris and P. axillaris subsp. parodii (Solanaceae) are closely related taxa primarily distinguished by their geographical distribution and floral morphology. Both are found in the southern South American Pampas ecoregion, with the latter also occurring in the Chaco ecoregion; in the Pampas, taxa occupying adjacent areas and intermediary morphologies have been observed. Here, we explored morphological traits and genetic polymorphisms to test the occurrence of hybrid zones between these taxa along the Negro River (Uruguay) and southern Brazil. Morphological data showed variation among the groups, although they could have some overlap. Genetic data also support the differences between them and hybrid zones. These findings suggest that the divergence between P. axillaris subspecies occurred with occasional hybridization in their contact zones.
Long-range fibre damage in small vessel brain disease affects aphasia severity
Authors: Wilmskoetter Janina , Marebwa Barbara , Basilakos Alexandra , Fridriksson Julius , Rorden Chris , Stark Brielle C , Johnson Lisa , Hickok Gregory , Hillis Argye E , Bonilha Leonardo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We sought to determine the underlying pathophysiology relating white matter hyperintensities to chronic aphasia severity. We hypothesized that: (i) white matter hyperintensities are associated with damage to fibres of any length, but to a higher percentage of long-range compared to mid- and short-range intracerebral white matter fibres; and (ii) the number of long-range fibres mediates the relationship between white matter hyperintensities and chronic post-stroke aphasia severity. We measured the severity of periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities and calculated the number and percentages of short-, mid- and long-range white matter fibres in 48 individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between white matter hyperintensities, connectome fibre-length measures and aphasia severity as measured with the aphasia quotient of the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-AQ). We found that more severe periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities correlated with a lower proportion of long-range fibres (r = −0.423, P = 0.003 and r = −0.315, P = 0.029, respectively), counterbalanced by a higher proportion of short-range fibres (r = 0.427, P = 0.002 and r = 0.285, P = 0.050, respectively). More severe periventricular white matter hyperintensities also correlated with a lower proportion of mid-range fibres (r = −0.334, P = 0.020), while deep white matter hyperintensities did not correlate with mid-range fibres (r = −0.169, P = 0.250). Mediation analyses revealed: (i) a significant total effect of periventricular white matter hyperintensities on WAB-AQ (standardized beta = −0.348, P = 0.008); (ii) a non-significant direct effect of periventricular white matter hyperintensities on WAB-AQ (P &gt; 0.05); (iii) significant indirect effects of more severe periventricular white matter hyperintensities on worse aphasia severity mediated in parallel by fewer long-range fibres (effect = −6.23, bootstrapping: standard error = 2.64, 95%CI: −11.82 to −1.56) and more short-range fibres (effect = 4.50, bootstrapping: standard error = 2.59, 95%CI: 0.16 to 10.29). We conclude that small vessel brain disease seems to affect chronic aphasia severity through a change of the proportions of long- and short-range fibres. This observation provides insight into the pathophysiology of small vessel brain disease, and its relationship with brain health and chronic aphasia severity.
Disruption of Transient SERT Expression in Thalamic Glutamatergic Neurons Alters Trajectory of Postnatal Interneuron Development in the Mouse Cortex
Authors: De Gregorio Roberto , Chen Xiaoning , Petit Emilie I , Dobrenis Kostantin , Sze Ji Ying 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In mice, terminal differentiation of subpopulations of interneurons occurs in late postnatal stages, paralleling the emergence of the adult cortical architecture. Here, we investigated the effects of altered initial cortical architecture on later interneuron development. We identified that a class of somatostatin (SOM)-expressing GABAergic interneurons undergoes terminal differentiation between 2nd and 3rd postnatal week in the mouse somatosensory barrel cortex and upregulates Reelin expression during neurite outgrowth. Our previous work demonstrated that transient expression (E15-P10) of serotonin uptake transporter (SERT) in thalamocortical projection neurons regulates barrel elaboration during cortical map establishment. We show here that in thalamic neuron SERT knockout mice, these SOM-expressing interneurons develop at the right time, reach correct positions and express correct neurochemical markers, but only 70% of the neurons remain in the adult barrel cortex. Moreover, those neurons that remain display altered dendritic patterning. Our data indicate that a precise architecture at the cortical destination is not essential for specifying late-developing interneuron identities, their cortical deposition, and spatial organization, but dictates their number and dendritic structure ultimately integrated into the cortex. Our study illuminates how disruption of temporal-specific SERT function and related key regulators during cortical map establishment can alter interneuron development trajectory that persists to adult central nervous system.
Study on Data Transfer in Meteorological Forecast of Small and Medium-Sized Cities and Its Application in Zhaoqing City
Authors: Huang Tianwen , Jiao Fei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing historical data, a machine learning model is usually built to forecast the future meteorological elements such as temperature, precipitation, etc. However, for numerous small and medium-sized cities, it is a challenging task because the maintained data of these cities are usually very limited due to historical or infrastructural reasons. So it is difficult to build an accurate forecast model in small and medium-sized cities. Aiming at this problem, a forecast method based on transfer learning method is proposed. Using instance-based transfer learning, this method extends the data of the target city by transferring the data from related cities and then builds a forecast model based on the extended dataset, so that the problem of insufficient samples in machine learning is solved. As a case study, the proposed technique is applied in Zhaoqing City, China. In the experiments, the data of temperature sequence and the precipitation sequence of Gaoyao weather station in Zhaoqing district are extended according to the data of related cities. The transferred temperature data and precipitation data are collected from 1884 to 1997 in Hong Kong and 1908 to 2016 in Guangzhou, respectively. Then temperature and precipitation forecasting models are built based on least square method and autoregressive integrated moving average. The experimental results have been verified by the actual situation. The results justify the effectiveness of the proposed method in building accurate meteorological forecasting model with limited data, and the superiority over existing techniques.
Insect Defoliators in Recovering Industrial Landscapes: Effects of Landscape Degradation and Remediation Near an Abandoned Metal Smelter on Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Feeding, Frass Production, and Frass Properties
Authors: McTavish Michael J , Smenderovac Emily , Gunn John , Murphy Stephen D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Although insect defoliators are recognized as major agents of ecological change in North American forests, their ecology in industrially degraded landscapes with poor-quality soils, metal contamination, and marginal vegetation growth is largely unknown. We fed gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.) paper birch leaves (Betula papyrifera Marsh) (Fagales: Betulaceae) collected from four forested catchment areas near an abandoned Cu/Ni smelter in Sudbury (Ontario, Canada) with different histories of industrial degradation and remediation (reference, remediated, natural recovery, and degraded). We measured caterpillar feeding, frass properties and decomposability, and the effects of frass on the growth of ticklegrass (Agrostis scabra Willd.) (Poales: Poaceae). Caterpillars generally ate more (+25–50%) and produced more frass (+30–40 %) on a diet of leaves from the more industrially degraded sites. Frass had an overall positive effect on plant survivorship (+4.1–10.8 effect size) and growth (+0.1–0.5 effect size), although the smallest benefits came from frass derived from vegetation from the more heavily degraded sites. Our results suggest that defoliating insects respond to differences in environmental degradation and remediation and that industrial landscapes may be particularly susceptible to more extensive defoliation and increased conversion of foliar biomass into frass, which could alter plant growth and survivorship, soil development, and nutrient and metal cycling. Some of these effects may pose additional challenges to landscape recovery (e.g., increased defoliation) while others may be beneficial (e.g., enhanced plant growth and soil development).