bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-Evaluation of 162 Malignant Thyroid Nodules that were Interpreted as Benign Based on Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Fujimoto Tomoko , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Ayana , Ota Hisashi , Oshita Maki , Kudo Takumi , Fukushima Mitsuhiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe goal of this study was to estimate the risk of malignant thyroid nodules being interpreted as benign based on ultrasound findings and to clarify the pathological features of these malignant nodules.
We retrospectively re-evaluated ultrasound and pathological findings for 162 malignant thyroid nodules that were initially interpreted as benign based on ultrasound findings at Kuma Hospital between April 2012 and June 2015.The incidences of malignancy among “benign” thyroid nodules were 0.5% overall and 6.2% among resected nodules. In addition, 82.7% of thyroid nodules that were originally judged to have low or very low suspicion patterns were subsequently re-categorized as having high or intermediate suspicion patterns. The incidences of irregular margins (63.6%) and low echogenicity (36.4%) were higher than those of punctate microcalcification (17.9%) and the taller-than-wide shape (20.4%). Among microcarcinomas, the incidences were 65.7% for irregular margins and 51.4% for low echogenicity. Rim calcification with small extrusive soft tissue components and extrathyroidal extensions were not observed. After re-evaluation, 40.0% of papillary thyroid carcinomas remained benign based on their variants, such as the encapsulated, follicular, macrofollicular, and oxyphilic cell variants.
We conclude that more careful observation, especially for lesions with irregular margins and low echogenicity, can help improve the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid ultrasonography. Furthermore, greater care may decrease the incidence of malignancy among thyroid nodules with low or very low suspicion patterns. Some variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma can have benign ultrasound findings.
Diagnostic yield of magnetically assisted capsule endoscopy versus gastroscopy in recurrent and refractory iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Ching Hey-Long , Hale Melissa F. , Kurien Matthew , Campbell Jennifer A. , Chetcuti Zammit Stefania , Healy Ailish , Thurston Victoria , Hebden John M. , Sidhu Reena , McAlindon Mark E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background Small-bowel capsule endoscopy is advocated and repeat upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy should be considered for evaluation of recurrent or refractory iron deficiency anemia (IDA). A new device that allows magnetic steering of the capsule around the stomach (magnetically assisted capsule endoscopy [MACE]), followed by passive small-bowel examination might satisfy both requirements in a single procedure.
Methods In this prospective cohort study, MACE and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were performed in patients with recurrent or refractory IDA. Comparisons of total (upper GI and small bowel) and upper GI diagnostic yields, gastric mucosal visibility, and patient comfort scores were the primary end points.
Results 49 patients were recruited (median age 64 years; 39 % male). Combined upper and small-bowel examination using the new capsule yielded more pathology than EGD alone (113 vs. 52; P < 0.001). In upper GI examination (proximal to the second part of the duodenum, D2), MACE identified more total lesions than EGD (88 vs. 52; P < 0.001). There was also a difference if only IDA-associated lesions (esophagitis, altered/fresh blood, angioectasia, ulcers, and villous atrophy) were included (20 vs. 10; P = 0.04). Pathology distal to D2 was identified in 17 patients (34.7 %). Median scores (0 – 10 for none – extreme) for pain (0 vs. 2), discomfort (0 vs. 3), and distress (0 vs. 4) were lower for MACE than for EGD (P < 0.001).
Conclusion Combined examination of the upper GI tract and small bowel using the MACE capsule detected more pathology than EGD alone in patients with recurrent or refractory IDA. MACE also had a higher diagnostic yield than EGD in the upper GI tract and was better tolerated by patients.
Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolates in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Musa Emmanuel , Kodiya Aliyu , Kirfi Abdullahi , Nwaorgu Onyekwere 
Published: October 2018

Introduction A common practice in the management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the empirical use of antibiotics may contribute to treatment failure and to the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Objective To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria associated with CRS.
Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which endoscopically guided middle meatal swabs (IBM Spss, version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA) were aseptically taken from patients diagnosed with CRS after obtaining informed consent and ethical clearance. The samples were sent to the laboratory for qualitative and semiquantitative analysis via gram stain, aerobic, anaerobic cultures and antibacterial sensitivity tests. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Simple statistical parameters and paired sample t-test were used, as appropriate.
Results There were 74 (56.92%) bacterial growths, out of which 55 (74.32%) were aerobic and 19 (25.68%) were anaerobic isolates, from a total of 130 patients. About 13 (17.5%–18%) of these bacterial growths yielded a mixed growth of aerobic and anaerobic isolates. The most common bacterial isolates were 26 (35.14%) Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae 9 (12.16%), Streptococcus viridians 8 (10.81%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 (6.76%). Augmentin, ciprofloxacin, and Peflacine were found to be most effective, followed by levofloxacin, Rocephin, erythromycin and Zinat in that order.
Conclusion Augmentin, ciprofloxacin and Peflacine have a sensitivity of 100%, while most of the organisms show resistance to Ampiclox, amoxicillin, and Septrin.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of novel microRNAs in seed development of soybean
Authors: Yu Lan , Guo Rongkai , Jiang Yeqin , Ye Xinghuo , Yang Zhihong , Meng Yijun , Shao Chaogang 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important and ubiquitous regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. However, the information about miRNAs population and their regulatory functions involving in soybean seed development remains incomplete. Base on the Dicer-like1-mediated cleavage signals during miRNA processing could be employed for novel miRNA discovery, a genome-wide search for miRNA candidates involved in seed development was carried out. As a result, 17 novel miRNAs, 14 isoforms of miRNA (isomiRs) and 31 previously validated miRNAs were discovered. These novel miRNAs and isomiRs represented tissue-specific expression and the isomiRs showed significantly higher abundance than that of their miRNA counterparts in different tissues. After target prediction and degradome sequencing data-based validation, 13 novel miRNA–target pairs were further identified. Besides, five targets of 22-nt iso-gma-miR393h were found to be triggered to produce secondary trans-acting siRNA (ta-siRNAs). Summarily, our results could expand the repertoire of miRNAs with potentially important functions in soybean.
Language Education and Language Ideologies in Australian Print Media
Authors: Mason Shannon , Hajek John 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Across most predominantly English-speaking countries, classroom-based language education plays an important role in the internationalization of young citizens. However, the quality of language learning opportunities in many countries is less than ideal. The development of language education policy is influenced in part by broader societal perceptions of language, and these perceptions are often reflected and shaped by the media. The case of Australia is an interesting one for focus, because media and policy attention to the discipline is high, and yet to date there has been no comprehensive analysis of its representation. To fill this gap, the authors subject 261 news articles from Australian newspapers between 2007 and 2016 to mixed-methods content analysis, guided by Ruiz’s three orientations to language. The results show that language is positioned as a problem, and as an economic resource, but not as a social resource, nor as a right of everyday citizens. The ideological positioning of language in the press has implications for the perceptions of the role of language education, and for student uptake.
From conflict to compromise: the importance of mediation in Swedish work stoppages 1907–1927
Authors: Enflo Kerstin , Karlsson Tobias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInstitutions for prevention and resolution of industrial conflicts were introduced all over the world in the early twentieth century. We use a new dataset of geocoded strikes and lockouts to analyze the impact of mediation on conflict outcomes in Sweden for the period 1907–1927. Causality is identified by using the distance from the mediator’s place of residence to the conflict as an instrument. Despite the mediators’ limited authority we find that their involvement in a conflict resulted in about 30 percent higher probability of a compromise. The results add support to institutionalist accounts of the origins of the Swedish Model.
Vision Impairment and Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults: The Health ABC Study
Authors: Swenor Bonnielin K , Wang Jiangxia , Varadaraj Varshini , Rosano Caterina , Yaffe Kristine , Albert Marilyn , Simonsick Eleanor M 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
An association between visual impairment and cognitive outcomes has been documented, but there is limited research examining this relationship using multiple measures of vision.

Methods
Participants included non-demented individuals in Year 3 of the Visual impairment was assessed using visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity. Cognitive function was defined using the digit symbol test and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS). Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a 3MS score <80 or a decline >5 points following Year 3. Linear mixed effects models examined longitudinal associations adjusting for year, age, sex, race, education, smoking, depression, diabetes, study site, as well as interaction terms between the vision parameters and years in study, between baseline age and years in study, and quadratic terms of baseline age and years in study. Discrete Cox regression models examined the risk of incident cognitive impairment.

Results
Analyses included 2,444 participants (mean age = 74). Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity impairments were not associated with statistically significant changes in annual digit symbol test scores over 7 years of follow-up, as compared to those without these impairments. However, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity impairments were associated with greater declines in annual 3MS scores over 9 years. Participants with impaired visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity had a greater risk of incident cognitive impairment.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity impairments may be risk factors for cognitive decline.
Multisensory Integration Predicts Balance and Falls in Older Adults
Authors: Mahoney Jeannette R , Cotton Kelly , Verghese Joe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundEffective integration of concurrent sensory information is crucial for successful locomotion. This study aimed to determine the association of multisensory integration with mobility outcomes in aging.MethodsA total of 289 healthy older adults (mean age 76.67 ± 6.37 years; 53% female participants) participated in a visual–somatosensory simple reaction time task. Magnitude of multisensory effects was assessed using probability models, and then categorized into four multisensory integration classifications (superior, good, poor, or deficient). Associations of multisensory integration with falls and balance (unipedal stance) were tested at cross-section and longitudinally using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAt baseline, the prevalence of falls in the previous year was 24%, and 52% reported an incident fall over a mean follow-up period of 24 ± 17 months. Mean unipedal stance time was 15 ± 11 seconds. Magnitude of multisensory integration was a strong predictor of balance performance at cross-section (β = 0.11; p < .05). Of the cohort, 31% had superior, 26% had good, 28% had poor, and 15% had deficient multisensory effects. Older adults with superior multisensory integration abilities were significantly less likely to report a fall in the past year (17%), compared to the rest of the cohort (28%; χ2 = 4.01; p = .04). Magnitude of multisensory integration was an incremental predictor of incident falls (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.24; p = .01), over and above balance and other known fall risk factors.ConclusionsOur study highlights the clinical relevance of multisensory integration in aging; worse visual–somatosensory integration is associated with worse balance and increased risk of incident falls.
Information visualizations of symptom information for patients and providers: a systematic review
Authors: Lor Maichou , Koleck Theresa A , Bakken Suzanne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically synthesize the literature on information visualizations of symptoms included as National Institute of Nursing Research common data elements and designed for use by patients and/or healthcare providers.MethodsWe searched CINAHL, Engineering Village, PsycINFO, PubMed, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Explore Digital Library to identify peer-reviewed studies published between 2007 and 2017. We evaluated the studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and a visualization quality score, and organized evaluation findings according to the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Model.ResultsEighteen studies met inclusion criteria. Ten of these addressed all MMAT items; 13 addressed all visualization quality items. Symptom visualizations focused on pain, fatigue, and sleep and were represented as graphs (n = 14), icons (n = 4), and virtual body maps (n = 2). Studies evaluated perceived ease of use (n = 13), perceived usefulness (n = 12), efficiency (n = 9), effectiveness (n = 5), preference (n = 6), and intent to use (n = 3). Few studies reported race/ethnicity or education level.ConclusionThe small number of studies for each type of information visualization limit generalizable conclusions about optimal visualization approaches. User-centered participatory approaches for information visualization design and more sophisticated evaluation designs are needed to assess which visualization elements work best for which populations in which contexts.
The Kalām-i pīr and its place in the Central Asian Ismaʿili Tradition
Authors: Beben Daniel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper is a study of the Kalām-i pīr, a text on religious doctrine preserved among the Ismaʿili Shiʿi community of the Badakhshan region of Central Asia, attributed to the fifth/eleventh-century Ismaʿili author Nāṣir-i Khusraw. An edition and translation of this work was first published by Wladimir Ivanow, who judged it to be a ‘forgery’ by the tenth/sixteenth-century Ismaʿili missionary Khayrkhwāh Harātī. Ivanow concluded that while the text overall holds value as a specimen of Ismaʿili doctrinal writing, its first chapter, which purports to be an autobiographical account of its reputed author, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, is an irrelevant appendage to the work. Since then, Ivanow’s interpretation has remained broadly authoritative within the field. In recent years, however, multiple new manuscripts of the work and a range of related materials have come to light, indicating the need for a thorough re-evaluation of the text and its history. In this article I demonstrate that Harātī had no role in the development of the Kalām-i pīr and that its production should be dated to the eighteenth century, rather than the sixteenth. Furthermore, I argue that the attribution to Nāṣir-i Khusraw, elaborated in the first chapter, is not incidental to the text, but central to understanding its significance within the Ismaʿili tradition of Central Asia. The text must be considered within the context of the history of Badakhshan in the eighteenth century, which saw an energetic expansion of the Ismaʿili mission (daʿwa) in the region and the development of a competitive hagiographical tradition connected with Nāṣir-i Khusraw among various constituencies. This re-evaluation of the Kalām-i pīr demonstrates the need for a revision of the broader framework by which we understand both the legacy of Nāṣir-i Khusraw and the historical development of the Ismaʿili daʿwa in Central Asia.
Accretion of magnetized stellar winds in the Galactic centre: implications for Sgr A* and PSR J1745−2900
Authors: Ressler S M , Quataert E , Stone J M 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The observed rotation measures (RMs) towards the Galactic centre magnetar and towards Sagittarius A* provide a strong constraint on MHD models of the Galactic centre accretion flow, probing distances from the black hole separated by many orders of magnitude. We show, using three-dimensional simulations of accretion via magnetized stellar winds of the Wolf–Rayet stars orbiting the black hole, that the large, time-variable RM observed for the pulsar PSR J1745−2900 can be explained by magnetized wind–wind shocks of nearby stars in the clockwise stellar disc. In the same simulation, both the total X-ray luminosity integrated over 2–10 arcsec, the time variability of the magnetar’s dispersion measure, and the RM towards Sagittarius A* are consistent with observations. We argue that (in order for the large RM of the pulsar to not be a priori unlikely) the pulsar should be on an orbit that keeps it near the clockwise disc of stars. We present a two-dimensional RM map of the central 1/2 parsec of the Galactic centre that can be used to test our models. Our simulations predict that Sgr A* is typically accreting a significantly ordered magnetic field that ultimately could result in a strongly magnetized flow with flux threading the horizon at ∼10 per cent of the magnetically arrested limit.
Giovanni Battista Viotti
Authors: Lister Warwick 
Published: October 2018

Giovanni Battista Viotti (b. 1755–d. 1824), the son of a blacksmith, was born in the village of Fontanetto Po, not far from Turin, where he completed his studies and began his career as a violinist. He died in London after a brilliant but checkered career as the most celebrated violinist of his time, as an opera theater and concert series director in Paris and London, and as a failed wine merchant. He was fêted by the crowned heads of Europe, including Frederick the Great, Catherine II of Russia, Marie Antoinette, and the Prince of Wales (later George IV of England). Forced to escape the French Revolution because of his royalist associations, he was later exiled from England for alleged revolutionary activities. Viotti’s life is instructive as an exemplum of musicians caught up in the social and economic upheavals of the French Revolution and its aftermath―the change from aristocratic and court patronage to the increasingly commercial, box office–centered institutions of the 19th century. For thirty years Viotti enjoyed an intimate friendship with an English family, the Chinnerys, that lasted until his death, and which in some ways became the mainspring of his existence. An extensive collection of their correspondence throws an extraordinarily vivid light on his life and career. Though he died in debt, having outlived his fame, Viotti, through his playing, his compositions, and his teaching, was arguably the most influential violinist who ever lived. His published oeuvre—consisting chiefly of violin concertos; sonatas for violin and keyboard; and string duets, trios, and quartets (and many arrangements thereof)—enjoyed enormous esteem and popularity in his time. Viotti’s musical style, thoroughly Italianate in its lyricism, reflects the evolution of the Classical style, from galant to pre-Romantic, but in an entirely original and unpredictable way. Scholarly study of Viotti and his works was practically nonexistent until the late 19th century, and remained scarce until well into the 20th century. Since the 1950s, however, and especially since the 1990s, scholarly studies—books and articles—have been published in ever-increasing numbers.
Outpatient Parenteral Therapy for Complicated Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Snapshot of Processes and Outcomes in the Real World
Authors: Townsend Jennifer , Keller Sara , Tibuakuu Martin , Thakker Sameer , Webster Bailey , Siegel Maya , Psoter Kevin J , Mansour Omar , Perl Trish M 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
In the United States, patients discharged on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) are often treated by home health companies (HHCs) or skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Little is known about differences in processes and outcomes between these sites of care.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study of 107 patients with complicated Staphylococcus aureus infections discharged on OPAT from 2 academic medical centers. Clinical characteristics, site of posthospital care, process measures (lab test monitoring, clinic follow-up), adverse events (adverse drug events, Clostridium difficile infection, line events), and clinical outcomes at 90 days (cure, relapse, hospital readmission) were collected. Comparisons between HHCs and SNFs were conducted.

Results
Overall, 33% of patients experienced an adverse event during OPAT, and 64% were readmitted at 90 days. Labs were received for 44% of patients in SNFs and 56% of patients in HHCs. At 90 days after discharge, a higher proportion of patients discharged to an SNF were lost to follow-up (17% vs 3%; P = .03) and had line-related adverse events (18% vs 2%; P &lt; .01). Patients discharged to both sites of care experienced similar clinical outcomes, with favorable outcomes occurring in 61% of SNF patients and 70% of HHC patients at 90 days. There were no differences in rates of relapse, readmission, or mortality.

Conclusions
Patients discharged to SNFs may be at higher risk for line events than patients discharged to HHCs. Efforts should be made to strengthen basic OPAT processes, such as lab monitoring and clinic follow-up, at both sites of care.