bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and trend reversal detection in 2 decades of tropospheric NO2 satellite observations
Authors: Georgoulias Aristeidis K. , van der A Ronald J. , Stammes Piet , Boersma K. Folkert , Eskes Henk J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In this work, a ∼21-year global dataset
from four different satellite sensors with a mid-morning overpass
(GOME/ERS-2, SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT, GOME-2/Metop-A, and GOME-2/Metop-B) is
compiled to study the long-term tropospheric NO2 patterns and trends.
The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) and GOME-2 data are “corrected” relative to the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for
Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) data to
produce a self-consistent dataset that covers the period April 1996–September 2017. The
highest tropospheric NO2 concentrations are seen over urban,
industrialized, and highly populated areas and over ship tracks in the
oceans. Tropospheric NO2 has generally decreased during the last 2 decades over the industrialized and highly populated regions of the western world (a total decrease of the order of ∼49 % over the
US, the Netherlands, and the UK; ∼36 % over Italy and
Japan; and ∼32 % over Germany and France) and increased over
developing regions (a total increase of ∼160 % over China
and ∼33 % over India). It is suggested here that linear
trends cannot be used efficiently worldwide for such long periods.
Tropospheric NO2 is very sensitive to socioeconomic changes (e.g., environmental
protection policies, economic recession, warfare, etc.) which
may cause either short-term changes or even a reversal of the trends. The
application of a method capable of detecting the year when a reversal of
trends happened shows that tropospheric NO2 concentrations switched
from positive to negative trends and vice versa over several regions around
the globe. A country-level analysis revealed clusters of countries that
exhibit similar positive-to-negative or negative-to-positive trend reversals,
while 29 out of a total of 64 examined megacities and large urban
agglomerations experienced a trend reversal at some point within the last
2 decades.
No S.C.A.R.E. Protocol: A Streamlined Safety Protocol
Authors: Jenkins Tyler James , Snowden Ryan D. , Smucker Joseph , Hsu Wellington K. , Riew K. Dan , Sasso Rick C. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:
Despite the proven success of anterior cervical surgery (ACS) postoperative issues can arise, with retropharyngeal hematoma (RH) being one of the most feared. A recent USA Today article highlighted the failed management and subsequent death of patients developing RH after ACS. The article calls into question the safety of performing ACS in an outpatient setting.

Methods:
We tested the knowledge of 20 healthcare professionals (4 surgeons, 16 ancillary providers) regarding ways to minimize the post-ACS complications. We used a multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank test. We then developed a No S.C.A.R.E. safety protocol and after teaching the same professionals, re-administered the examination to assess improvement.

Results:
We identified large gaps in knowledge between spine surgeons and other providers (92.3% versus 31.2%) on preintervention testing. Postintervention testing showed significant improvement in nonsurgeon scores (31.2% to 86.1%, P < 0.01). Improvement was also seen in provider confidence after completion of the education module.

Conclusion:
Previous studies demonstrate that the incidence of RH necessitating evacuation after ACS is extremely small (<1%). For rare complications, healthcare teams may benefit from educational modules and standardized protocols. After implementation of our No S.C.A.R.E. protocol, provider knowledge and confidence markedly improved. We recommend similar education modules and protocols be used at other institutions performing ACS.
Complicity and Responsibility in the Aftermath of the Pinochet Regime: The Case of "El Mocito"
Authors: Lazzara Michael J. 
Published: May 2019

Forty years after the Pinochet regime, the theme of civilian complicity is just beginning to be discussed publicly in Chile. This lecture will emphasize the importance of this little-discussed topic by examining the case of Jorgelino Vergara, known in Chile as El Mocito, a man who as an adolescent served coffee to the ex-head of Pinochet’s secret police, General Manuel Contreras, and carried out other horrifying tasks in the torture center located at number 8800 Simón Bolívar Street. Accused in 2007 of killing well-known Communist leader Víctor Díaz, Vergara emerged from a clandestine life and testified in court to clear his own name. Thanks to his testimony, 74 former secret police agents were convicted and the remains of three disappeared militants were found. Despite these positive developments, Vergara’s truth has had limits. How does the accomplice construct his truth? How does society approach and frame the truth of the accomplice? To answer these questions, this talk will compare representations of El Mocito in film, print journalism, and on television. What political and ethical questions arise from these very different framings of complicity?
La verdad de los verdugos. Las comparecencias de agentes de la represión ante la "Comissão Nacional da Verdade" en Brasil
Authors: Chirio Maud , Joffily Mariana 
Published: May 2019

Este artículo analiza las comparecencias públicas y privadas de militares convocados para presentar su versión de las graves violaciones de los derechos humanos ante la Comisión Nacional da Verdad (CNV) de Brasil. Nos enfocaremos en tres aspectos. En primer lugar, veremos si estas entrevistas reflejan una visión política común entre los ex represores y cuáles son las estrategias retoricas y memoriales utilizadas por ellos. A continuación, trataremos de entender qué lugar ocupan estos testimonios en las investigaciones y la comunicación pública de la CNV, quien duda entre la búsqueda de información inédita y la denuncia pública. Por último, examinaremos los usos que los actores hacen de la palabra "verdad". ¿En qué medida los militares contribuyeron à la búsqueda de la verdad por parte de la CNV y hasta que punto tuvieran la oportunidad de expresar su verdad?
La emergencia de los sondeos como actor político: la legitimación del estudio “científico” de la opinión pública
Authors: Mañas Ramírez Beatriz 
Published: May 2019

El comienzo del estudio científico de las actitudes y opiniones de la sociedad supone un giro metodológico para la investigación social durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX. La emergencia de los sondeos para el análisis de la opinión pública tiene lugar en un contexto, el norteamericano, donde confluyen una serie de procesos económicos, académicos y sociopolíticos que contribuyen a consolidar una determinada forma de entender y estudiar lo social y, como parte de ello, los aspectos subjetivos del comportamiento humano. En este trabajo plantearemos estos procesos que constituyen el escenario del desarrollo y consolidación de los sondeos como forma canónica de estudio de la opinión pública. Asimismo, consideraremos los distintos argumentos y discursos que construyeron su legitimidad, no solo como mecanismo primordial de las ciencias sociales, sino también como instrumento político.
Problemas de enfoque en torno a la movilización social en la transición a la democracia en Argentina, c. 1979-1983
Authors: Alonso Luciano 
Published: May 2019

El presente texto propone analizar la transición a la democracia en Argentina como un proceso histórico que puede ser abordado desde distintos enfoques y categorías, que a su vez dan por resultado diversos recortes temporales. Para ello, se presentan diferentes experiencias de movilización social del período 1979-1983 como aspectos capitales de la transición y a los movimientos sociales –más o menos institucionalizados– como actores políticos en los procesos de democratización.El repaso por el panorama de los principales movimientos sociales permite identificar una erosión del poder militar entre los años de 1979 y 1980. Sin desmerecer la importancia de momentos posteriores como el diálogo político de 1981 o la Guerra de Malvinas de 1982, se defiende la idea de una reconfiguración previa de las relaciones de fuerza y de las estructuras de oportunidades políticas. Esta interpretación habilita la propuesta de temporalidades múltiples, que no queden atadas a la evidente fractura de 1982-1983 o a la explicación monocausal centrada en un agente colectivo movilizador en particular.
Desde la Historia. El estudio del proceso de construcción europea: sueño, aventura y realidad
Authors: Moreno Juste Antonio 
Published: May 2019

Este artículo analiza desde el punto de vista de la Historia las consecuencias que se derivan de la crisis del proceso de integración europea sobre las narrativas del proyecto europeo. Durante varias generaciones se ha retratado habitualmente a la construcción europea como la historia de un éxito sin precedentes, sin embargo, en términos historiográficos, la integración europea aparece alejada de los convencionalismos de esa narrativa de posguerra y se presenta como una acción preñada de pragmatismo intergubernamental, determinada por las necesidades de unos debilitados Estados europeos, coherente con una nueva concepción de la política económica y por supuesto, condicionada por el contexto internacional. El problema reside en que el proceso de integración y la misma idea de Europa que dice representar necesitan con urgencia un nuevo relato, sin embargo su construcción es compleja en la perspectiva del trabajo del historiador.
Herida, tatuaje y recuerdo. Experiencia humana, transposición literaria e influencia política de la Gran Guerra en Curzio Malaparte y Pierre Drieu La Rochelle
Authors: Forti Steven 
Published: May 2019

En el artículo se pretende ofrecer una reflexión acerca de la Gran Guerra como experiencia humana y como herida indeleble en la producción literaria de dos miembros de una generación de intelectuales nacidos en la última década del siglo XIX, crecidos en la belle époque y soldados en las trincheras europeas entre 1914 y 1918. Tras una introducción centrada en la llamada generación perdida (Hemingway, Remarque, Lussu, Jünger, etc.), nos detendremos en los casos del italiano Curzio Malaparte y del francés Pierre Drieu La Rochelle. Los dos escritores vivieron un intenso compromiso con la política en los años de entreguerras y, a diferencia de los otros miembros de la generación perdida, tienen la peculiaridad de haber sido unos tránsfugas entre las grandes ideologías del siglo XX. A través del estudio de las biografías y de las obras (poesías, narrativa, ensayo, diarios, etc.) de los dos escritores se pondrá de manifiesto la profunda influencia de la experiencia vivida en los frentes de la Primera Guerra Mundial y sus implicaciones directas e indirectas en su trayectoria humana, intelectual y política posterior a 1918.
As montanhas se desfarão: sincretismo imagético na apocalíptica judaico-zoroastrista
Authors: Peixoto Raul Vitor Rodrigues 
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo comparar duas paisagens apocalípticas cujas semelhanças acabam por saltar aos olhos apesar de pertencerem a tradições religiosas distintas. Trata-se do “Aplainamento da Terra” que aparece tanto na apocalíptica judaica quanto na zoroastrista. Até que ponto uma tradição pode ter influenciado a outra? Teríamos aqui por certo um caso de sincretismo imagético? O texto judaico de 1 Enoque 67 poderia ser encarado como um portador de tradições escatológicas zoroastristas presentes na Grande Bundahishn Iraniana? Para lidar com estas questões o artigo olha para o tema das Montanhas em fontes poéticas, proféticas e cosmogônicas, tanto zoroastristas como judaicas, a fim de conceber como estes acidentes geográficos eram tratados quando citados. Baseado então na análise destes textos um exercício de compreensão histórica é feito: Por que, para ambas as tradições, as Montanhas devem desaparecer? Enquanto constrói seu diálogo com o estado da arte o artigo não se furta a travar um debate interpretativo no sentido de trazer a leitura das fontes antigas ao seu contexto mais imediato de recepção. Busca-se destarte, evitar o problema da retroalimentação dos textos antigos com concepções anacrônicas.
Synchrotron radiation X-ray topography and defect selective etching analysis of threading dislocations in halide vapor phase epitaxy GaN crystal grown on ammonothermal seed
Authors: Sochacki Tomasz , Sintonen Sakari , Weyher Jan , Amilusik Mikolaj , Sidor Aneta , Bockowski Michal 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Halide vapor phase epitaxy GaN crystal is examined, in terms of threading dislocations, by two experimental techniques: synchrotron radiation X-ray topography and defect selective etching. The obtained results are analyzed and compared. Three kinds of threading dislocations are found. Other defects in the crystal are also shown. A correlation between defects determined by the two experimental methods is presented and discussed.
Device modeling of amorphous oxide semiconductor TFTs
Authors: Abe Katsumi , Ota Kazuki , Kuwagaki Takeshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Device models of amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (AOS TFTs) associate AOS carrier transport and electronic states with AOS TFT electrical characteristics. Thus, such models are very useful for estimation and analysis on operations and reliability of AOS TFTs and developments of electronic devices with AOS TFTs. We discuss the models including mobility models and density of subgap state (DOS) models, which reflect the carrier-electron transport and the electronic states of AOSs. A device simulator employing a carrier-electron density dependent mobility model and an appropriate DOS model can reproduce temperature and electrical characteristics of AOS TFTs.
ABO Blood Group System: Its Association with Anthropometric Indices among Young Adults of Yoruba Ethnicity
Authors: Asafa M. A. , Ogunlade O. , Bolarinwa R. A. , Bisiriyu L. A. , Eluwole O. A. , Asafa S. T. , Oderinu K. A. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The ABO blood group system is unique in immunology and haematology because it is the only system in which antibodies are consistently and predictably present in the serum of normal individuals whose red cells lack the antigens. Several epidemiological studies have reported that the distribution of different ABO blood groups vary markedly among the populations of different geographical areas reflecting racial differences.
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the association between ABO blood group and anthropometric indices among apparently healthy young adults of Yoruba ethnicity.
Study Design: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Physiological Sciences and University Health Centre, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife between May 2016 to June 2017.
Methodology: Eighty apparently healthy young adults who were purposely selected participated in the study after screening for the ABO blood groups following the standard protocol. They were divided into four equal groups; 20 in each of blood groups A, B, AB and O who were age- and sex - matched. The weight (kg) and height (cm) of the participants were measured following standard protocol. Body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were estimated from weight and height using Quetelex and Mosteller formulae respectively. Chi-square was used to compare grouped data while the comparison of means of parameters among the four blood groups was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A p-value of < 0.05 was taken statistically significant.
Results: Out of the total 80 participants, 15% were males. The mean ± SD of height(m) of participants with blood groups A, B, O and AB were 1.65 ± 0.06, 1.63 ± 0.08, 1.62 ± 0.08 and 1.63 ± 0.08 (F= 0.349, p= 0.790) respectively. The mean ± SD of weight(kg) of the participants with blood group A,B, O and AB were 56.15 ± 8.71, 56.00 ± 11.21, 57.10 ± 12.73 and 58.05 ± 10.35 (F= 0.154, p= 0.927) respectively. The mean ± SD of BMI in kg/m2 for blood groups A, B, O and AB were 20.74 ± 3.22, 20.86 ± 2.91, 21.79 ± 5.10 and 21.91 ± 4.21 (F= 0.472, p= 0.703) respectively while the mean ± SD of BSA (m2) for blood group A, B, O and AB were 1.60 ± 0.12, 1.59 ± 0.19, 1.60 ± 0.18 and 1.62 ± 0.15 (F= 0.098, p= 0.961) respectively.
Conclusion: AB Blood group may be predisposed to metabolic syndrome due to the higher mean of weight, BSA and BMI found in this group.
Experience with Retinoblastoma at a Tertiary Centre in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Trends in Outcome
Authors: Eke Gracia Ker , Adio Adedayo Omobolanle 
Published: May 2019

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, and remains the most curable of all childhood cancers in the developed world. However, ocular and patient survival rates have remained very low in resource limited countries, where more than 90% of children with retinoblastoma live.
Objectives: To review the pattern of presentation of children with retinoblastoma at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria, and compare their treatment outcome with what was obtained in the previous decade in same centre.
Methods: All patients with retinoblastoma admitted into the Paediatric Oncology Unit of the UPTH from January 2011 to June 2017 were reviewed. Their demographics, clinical profile and outcome of treatment were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Nineteen children had retinoblastoma which represented 11% of all childhood malignancies. Eight(42%) males and 11(58%) females, all under-fives, were studied with M:F=1:1.4. Mean duration of symptoms was 29.6 weeks, with majority (73.7%) having been ill for more than 3 months. White spot in the eye and eye protrusion were commonest presenting complaints while loss of vision was found in all affected eyes. More children (57.8% versus 30.8% previously) were lost to follow up, 5(26%) died and 3(15.7%) completed treatment, whereas none did a decade earlier.
Conclusion: Retinoblastoma affected only under-five children. Late presentation with proptosis and loss of vision were common presenting features. A marginal improvement in outcome was noted while high default rate and lack of radiotherapy facilities in the State had remained important challenges to completion of therapy.
Fertilisation and Cell Cycle in Angiosperms
Authors: de Graaf Barend H. J. , Dewitte Walter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFertilisation is the result of successful fusion of female and male gametes, forming a zygote that develops into the embryo. From the perspective of cell cycle control, fertilisation is a hat‐trick. Firstly, the generation of gametes depends on the generation of haploid spores by meiosis and a sequence of mitotic divisions. Mitosis is required to produce the cells of the gametophyte, closely associated with differential fate acquisition. Secondly, cell cycle progression in both male and female gametes has to be synchronised in order to avoid chromosomal imbalance at karyogamy, and last but not least, the cell cycle should only be relaunched after a successful fusion. Here, we seek to survey our current knowledge of these processes from a cell cycle perspective and explore possible mechanisms involved in cell cycle control and coordination.
Plant Probiotics for Nutrient Acquisition by Agriculturally Important Grasses: A Comprehensive Review of the Science and the Application
Authors: Swift Rebecca , Denton Matthew D. , Melino Vanessa J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntensification of agricultural land and the overuse of inorganic fertilisers has led to soil acidification, depletion of organic matter, and environmental pollution. Approaches to protect soil health, including the enhancement of microbial diversity, are integral to improving crop productivity and food security. Metagenomics has rapidly improved our understanding of soil microbial diversity and function, while genetic techniques have helped to dissect the complex signal exchange between microorganisms and plants. This article presents and evaluates reported beneficial effects of plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB), focussing on those capable of mobilising or solubilising nutrients and/or stimulating plant growth when applied to agriculturally important grasses. The agricultural industry has capitalised on these scientific advancements, generating microbial formulations for specific crop responses. However, scientific methodologies must be applied in order to overcome inherent limitations of many PGPBs including their inability to be cultured, their poorly defined or multiple modes of action, a low level of integration with the crop partner, and an unpredictability in translating beneficial plant responses to the field. Novel approaches such as engineered rhizospheres, enhancing endophytic systems, cereal nodule development, and the use of inoculant consortiums will be necessary to sustain growth in the biofertiliser industry.
Photochemical Control of Polydopamine Coating in an Aprotic Organic Solvent
Authors: Jeong Yeonwoo , Jwa Dong Gyun , You Ahrom , Park Sora , Kim Jeung Gon , Kang Sung Min , Kim Min 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCatechols have been widely used in organic chemistry because of their high reactivities and binding affinities to metal ions. Various transformations, such as etherification and oxidation, have been developed to modulate their reactivity. Among these, the photochemical protection and deprotection of catechols has attracted significant research attention because of the mild reaction conditions employed in the transformations. Herein, we demonstrate the application of photolabile protection of the catechol functionality in dopamine for exploring promising applications in surface coating. The hydroxyl groups in dopamine were protected with the photolabile 2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)propoxycarbonyl protecting groups, that can be conveniently removed by exposure to UV light. Notably, upon deprotection, the free dopamine was polymerized to polydopamine in the presence of pyridinium chlorochromate, an organic oxidizing agent, and adhered to solid surfaces.
Bone histomorphometric measures of physical activity in children from medieval England
Authors: Pitfield Rosie , Deter Chris , Mahoney Patrick 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesHistomorphometric studies show consistent links between physical activity patterns and the microstructure underlying the size and shape of bone. Here, we adopt a combined bone approach to explore variation in microstructure of ribs and humeri related to physical activity and historical records of manual labor in skeletal samples of children (n = 175) from medieval England. The humerus reflects greater biomechanically induced microstructural variation than the rib which is used here as a control. Variation in microstructure is sought between regions in England (Canterbury, York, Newcastle), and between high‐ and low‐status children from Canterbury.Materials and methodsThin‐sections were prepared from the humerus or rib and features of bone remodeling were recorded using high‐resolution microscopy and image analysis software.ResultsThe density and size of secondary osteons in the humerus differed significantly in children from Canterbury when compared to those from York and Newcastle. Among the older children, secondary osteon circularity and diameter differed significantly between higher and lower status children.DiscussionBy applying bone remodeling principles to the histomorphometric data, we infer that medieval children in Canterbury engaged in less physically demanding activities than children from York or Newcastle. Within Canterbury, high‐status and low‐status children experienced similar biomechanical loading until around 7 years of age. After this age low‐status children performed activities that resulted in more habitual loading on their arm bones than the high‐status children. This inferred change in physical activity is consistent with historical textual evidence that describes children entering the work force at this age.