bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates from enteric fever suspected patients
Authors: Shrestha Bijayata , Sayami Gita , Manandhar Sarita , Khanal Santosh 
Published: April 2019

Background
Enteric fever is one of the most common diseases encountered worldwide and is endemic in Nepal. This study was conducted to access antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonellaisolates from culture positive cases of enteric fever.

Methods
Altogether 505 blood samples were collected from patients clinically suspected of enteric fever attending HAMS Hospital. All blood samples were cultured by BACTEC method and sub cultured in blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. All isolates were identified by colony characteristics, biochemical tests and serotyping methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method interpreted with CLSI guideline.

Result
Isolation rate of Salmonellaspecies was 3.6 %. Among 18 Salmonellaisolates, 10 were S. typhi, 8 were S. paratyphi A. The prevalence rate of infection was high among the age group 11–20  years (50 %) and among the male patients. However, there was no significant association of enteric fever with gender of patients (P=2.47). All 18 isolates were sensitive to Amoxycillin, Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone and Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin. Majority of isolates were sensitive to Cefixime (94.4 %), Cotrimoxazole (94.4 %) and Cephotaxime (90 %). There were no any MDR isolates. Higher percentage of isolates was resistant to Nalidixic acid (87.5 %).

Conclusion
The decreased susceptibility to Fluroquinolones of S. typhi and S. Paratyphi A can be correlated with resistance to Nalidixic acid. Commonly used third generation Cephalosporins and rolled back first line drugs be the choice in case of NARS isolates.
MICROALARM: “a new system for rapid quantification of the total bacteria in water samples”
Authors: Ángel Fernández-Fuentes Miguel , Soria Elena , Yáñez Adela , Jofre Marc , Hurth Cedric , Martínez Pedro , Pruneri Valerio , Catalán Vicente 
Published: April 2019

Background
Analytical methods applied in diagnostic microbiology laboratories are usually performed manually and have several drawbacks, the long time-to-results (48–72 h) being the major one. Rapid detection methods may overcome the disadvantages of traditional microbiological methods and achieve fast detection, which will help preventing the spread of waterborne pathogens and outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The objective of the MICROALARM project is to validate a platform for monitoring the quantification of the total bacteria present in water samples.

Methods
The MICROALARM system integrates a microfluidic cartridge where the microorganisms from the sample are labelled to facilitate the detection and measurement by a fluorescence sensor. The prototype system has been validated according to ISO 16140-2 : 2016 in the laboratory through the comparison with conventional (culture isolation) and alternative methods (flow cytometry) to determine whether the method is suitable for quantifying microorganisms in water samples.

Results
The system will be capable of processing, labelling and quantifying automatically the total bacteria of the water sample using a membrane-permeable fluorescence marker. The system has been validated at the laboratory scale using a wide range of water matrices, then installed and validated in different facilities with satisfactory results.

Conclusion
The MICROALARM system is designed to be portable, thus suitable for on-site applications. It will be a low-cost solution for rapid microbiological analysis. The system will avoid water sampling and transport to the laboratory while enabling on-site quantification of the total bacteria in a reduced timeframe for early decision-making.
MicroED with the Falcon III direct electron detector
Authors: Hattne Johan , Martynowycz Michael W. , Gonen Tamir 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicrocrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) combines crystallography and electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) into a method that can be used for high-resolution structure determination. In MicroED nanosized crystals, often intractable by other techniques, are probed by high-energy electrons in a transmission electron microscope and the diffracted signal is recorded on an electron detector. Since only a small number of different detectors have been used for MicroED measurements in the past, their impact on data quality has not been investigated. Here we evaluate two different cameras using crystals of the well-characterized serine protease proteinase K. Compared to previously used equipment, the Falcon III direct electron detector and the CMOS-based CetaD camera can collect complete datasets both faster and using lower total exposure. As an effect of the lower dose, radiation damage is reduced, which is confirmed in both real and reciprocal space. The increased speed and lower exposure requirements have implications on model quality and the prospects for further automation of MicroED.
AtetRA-based promoter system for the generation of conditional knockouts inCampylobacter jejuni
Authors: Cohen Eli J. , Quek Rui Tong , Beeby Morgan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCampylobacter jejuniis responsible for tens of millions of cases of gastroenteritis each year. Despite its prevalence and impact on human health, the repertoire of genetic tools available for researchers to studyC. jejuniremains limited. In order to expand upon the genetic toolkit in this species, we have engineered a system for generating conditional knockouts based on thetetRAtetracycline-resistance cassette. This system exhibits tight repressibility and titratability of target-gene expression and will be useful for future research on this important human pathogen.
Lowe Syndrome-linked endocytic adaptors direct membrane cycling kinetics with OCRL inDictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Luscher Alexandre , Fröhlich Florian , Barisch Caroline , Littlewood Clare , Metcalfe Joe , Leuba Florence , Palma Anita , Pirruccello Michelle , Cesareni Gianni , Stagi Massimiliano , Walther Tobias C. , Soldati Thierry , De Camilli Pietro , Swan Laura E. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMutations of the inositol 5-phosphatase OCRL cause Lowe Syndrome (LS), characterized by congenital cataract, low IQ and defective kidney proximal tubule resorption. A key subset of LS mutants abolishes OCRL’s interactions with endocytic adaptors containing F&H peptide motifs. Converging unbiased methods examining human peptides and the unicellular phagocytic organismDictyostelium discoideum, reveal that, like OCRL, theDictyosteliumOCRL orthologue Dd5P4 binds two proteins closely related to the F&H proteins APPL1 and Ses1/2 (also referred to as IPIP27A/B). In addition, a novel conserved F&H interactor was identified, GxcU (inDictyostelium)and the Cdc42-GEF Frabin (in human cells). Examining these proteins inDictyostelium discoideum, we find that, like OCRL, Dd5P4 acts at well-conserved and physically distinct endocytic stations. Dd5P4 functions in coordination with F&H proteins to control membrane deformation at multiple stages of endocytosis, and suppresses GxcU-mediated activity during fluid-phase micropinocytosis. We also reveal that OCRL/Dd5P4 acts at the contractile vacuole, an exocytic osmoregulatory organelle. We propose F&H peptide-containing proteins may be key modifiers of LS phenotypes.
PSC-RED, an Albumin-Free Robust Erythroid Differentiation Method to Produce Enucleated Red Blood Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Olivier Emmanuel N , Zhang Shouping , Yan Zi , Suzuka Sandra , Roberts Karl , Wang Kai , Bouhassira Eric E 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCultured red blood cells (cRBCs) have many potential applications in transfusion medicine and drug delivery. We report that we have developed chemically defined, albumin-free Robust Erythroid Differentiation (RED) methods to produce enucleated cRBCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Human iPSC-derived cRBCs produced with either the short or long variation of the RED protocol respectively express embryonic/fetal or a mixture of fetal and adult hemoglobins. The long version of the protocol produces up to 50% of enucleated cells at an unprecedented yield. RED is scalable and relies on inexpensive components and therefore dramatically increases the feasibility and economic viability of all translational applications of cRBCs.HighlightsPSC-RED: A chemically-defined, albumin-free Robust Erythroid Differentiation (RED) methods to produce cRBCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells.PSC-RED produces up to 50% enucleated cells at an unprecedented yield.PSC-RED is scalable and relies on inexpensive components and therefore increases the feasibility and economic viability of translational applications of cRBCs.
Increasing growth rate slows adaptation when genotypes compete for diffusing resources
Authors: Chacón Jeremy M. , Harcombe William R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe rate at which a species responds to natural selection is a central predictor of the species’ ability to adapt to environmental change. It is well-known that spatially-structured environments slow the rate of adaptation due to increased intra-genotype competition. Here, we show that this effect magnifies over time as a species becomes better adapted and grows faster. Using a reaction-diffusion model, we demonstrate that growth rates are inextricably coupled with effective spatial scales, such that higher growth rates cause more localized competition. This has two effects: selection requires more generations for beneficial mutations to fix, and spatially-caused genetic drift increases. Together, these effects diminish the value of additional growth rate mutations in structured environments.Author SummaryWhat determines how quickly a beneficial mutation will spread through a population? The intuitive answer is that mutations that confer faster growth rates will spread at a rate that is relative to the size of the growth-rate benefit. Indeed, this is true in a well-mixed environment where all genotypes compete globally. But most organisms don’t live in a simple well-mixed environment. Many organisms, like bacteria, live in a structured environment, such as on the surface of a solid substrate. Does life on a surface change the expectation about the spread of faster-growing mutants? We developed a mathematical model to answer this question, and found that on a surface, the actual growth rates—not just the relative growth rates—were critical to determining how fast a faster-growing mutant spread through a population. When the simulated organisms grew slowly, competition was basically global and a faster-growing mutant could pre-empt resources from far-away competitors. In contrast, when organisms grew more quickly, competition became much more localized, and the faster-growing mutant could only steal resources from neighboring competitors. This result means that there are diminishing returns to series of mutations which confer growth-rate benefits. This idea will help us predict and understand future and past evolutionary trajectories.
Laminin N-terminus α31 regulates keratinocyte adhesion and migration through modifying the organisation and proteolytic processing of laminin 332
Authors: Troughton Lee D. , Iorio Valentina , Shaw Liam , Sugden Conor J , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Hamill Kevin J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLaminin N-terminus α31 (LaNt α31), a member of the laminin superfamily, expressed at low levels in intact epithelium but upregulated during wound repair. Increased expression of LaNt α31 reduced migration rate of corneal keratinocytes through an unknown mechanism. Here, we investigated whether LaNt α31 influences cell behaviour through modulating laminin-mediated processes. Adenoviral delivery of LaNt α31 into corneal epithelial cells led to reduced migration speed and increased cell spreading and changed laminin 332 organisation from diffuse arcs to tight clusters. Enhanced recruitment of collagen XVII and bullous pemphigoid antigen 1e to β4 integrin, indicating early maturation of hemidesmosomes, and changed focal adhesion distribution were also identified. LaNt α31 and laminin β3 co-immunoprecipitated from doubly transduced cells and were deposited together in live imaging experiment. Moreover, LaNt α31 expression led to increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and proteolytic processing of laminin α3, and the inhibition of MMP activity rescued the laminin and hemidesmosome phenotypes. Provision of cell-derived extracellular matrix rescued the cell spreading and motility effects. These findings reveal LaNt α31 as a new player in regulating cell-to-matrix adhesion through its ability to influence laminin organisation and proteolytic processing.
Best-compromise nutritional menus for childhood obesity
Authors: Bello Paul , Gallardo Pedro , Pradenas Lorena , Ferland Jacques A. , Parada Victor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChildhood obesity is an undeniable reality and has shown a rapid growth in many countries. Obesity at an early age not only increases the risks of chronic diseases but also produces a problem for the whole healthcare system. One way to alleviate this problem is to provide each patient with an appropriate menu that can be defined with a mathematical model. Existing mathematical models only partially address the objective and constraints of childhood obesity; therefore, the solutions provided are insufficient for health specialists to prepare nutritional menus for individual patients. This manuscript proposes a multiobjective mathematical programming model to aid healthy nutritional menu planning to prevent childhood obesity. This model enables a plan for combinations and amounts of food across different schedules and daily meals. This approach minimizes the major risk factors of childhood obesity (i.e., glycemic load and cholesterol intake). In addition, it considers the minimization of nutritional mismatch and total cost. The model is solved using a deterministic method and two metaheuristic methods. To complete this numerical study, test instances associated with children aged 4-18 years old were created. The quality of the solutions generated using the three methods was similar, but the metaheuristic methods provided solutions in less computational time. The numerical results indicate proper guidelines for personalized plans for individual children.
Triggers and motivators of privacy protection behavior on Facebook
Authors: Alkire Linda , Pohlmann Johannes , Barnett Willy 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Internet user privacy risks have been a topical subject with respect to consumers, corporations and governments. In line with the recent privacy scandals linked to social media, the aim of this study is to explore users’ privacy protection behaviors (PPB) on Facebook through the actions they take to protect their privacy, their underlying motives and the values behind these protective actions. Moreover, this study aims to address an unintended consequence of Facebook usage. Despite Facebook’s positive and uplifting goal of connecting people, consumers are forced to resort to specific behaviors to protect their privacy and well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts an exploratory research approach by using a well-established qualitative technique: structured laddering interviews. In total, 20 in-depth personal interviews were conducted with the Millennials.

Findings
Results show that the process of privacy protection is initiated by experiences, uncertainty and literacy, rather than threats, which leads to concerns that trigger PPBs. The most common PPBs include: “Reflection,” “Avoidance,” “Intervention,” “Restriction,” “Control,” and “Restraint.” The underlying motives for the adoption of these strategies include: “Success,” “Security,” “Social Recognition,” “A World of Peace,” “Exclusivity of Self,” “Being in Control,” “Meaning” and “True Friendship”.

Originality/value
The present research adopts a transdisciplinary framework to help fill the gap regarding the interplay of PPBs on Facebook, the triggers of those behaviors and their underlying motives. It contributes to the service literature and practice as it provides insights into a growing area of interest, whereas more social media channels are being created and more services are using social media strategies to engage and interact with their customers. Finally, it addresses the growing need to consider the impact of technological services, including internet and social media, on consumers’ and societies’ well-being.
Design of biomimetic human-skin-like tactile flexible sensor
Authors: Lu Xiaozhou , Xie Xi , Gao Qiaobo , Hu Hanlun , Yang Jiayi , Wang Hui , Wang Songlin , Chen Renjie 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The hands of intelligent robots perceive external stimuli and respond effectively according to tactile or pressure sensors. However, the traditional tactile and pressure sensors cannot perform human-skin-like intelligent properties of high sensitivity, large measurement range, multi-function and flexibility simultaneously. The purpose of this paper is to present a flexible tactile-pressure sensor based on hyper-elastics polydimethylsiloxane and plate capacitance.

Design/methodology/approach
With regard to this problem, this paper presents a flexible tactile-pressure sensor based on hyper-elastics PDMS and plate capacitance. The sensor has a size of 10 mm × 10 mm × 1.3 mm and is composed of four upper electrodes, one middle driving electrode and one lower electrode. The authors first analyzed the structure and the tactile-pressure sensing principle of human skin to obtain the design parameters of the sensor. Then they presented the working principle, material selection and mechanical structure design and fabrication process of the sensor. The authors also fabricated several sample devices of the sensor and carried out experiments to establish the relationship between the sensor output and the pressure.

Findings
The results show that the tactile part of the sensor can measure a range of 0.05-1N/mm2 micro pressure with a sensitivity of 2.93 per cent/N and a linearity of 0.03 per cent. The pressure part of the sensor can measure a range of 1-30N/mm2 pressure with a sensitivity of 0.08 per cent/N and a linearity of 0.07 per cent.

Originality/value
This paper analyzes the tactile and pressure sensing principles of human skin and develop an intelligent sensitive human-skin-like tactile-pressure sensor for intelligent robot perception systems. The sensor can achieve to imitate the tactile and pressure function simultaneously with a measurement resolution of 0.01 N and a spatial resolution of 2 mm.
Letter: dietary fibre benefits for the oesophagus—physical rather than metabolic action?
Authors: Morozov Sergey 
Published: April 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to O’Grady et al and O’Grady and Shanahan papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15129 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15238.
Letter: nonselective beta‐blockers, endoscopic therapy and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis
Authors: Bosch Jaume , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: April 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Nery et al and Nery and Valla papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15137 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15262.
How to reject Benatar's asymmetry argument
Authors: Magnusson Erik 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article I reconsider David Benatar's primary argument for anti‐natalism—the asymmetry argument—and outline a three‐step process for rejecting it. I begin in Part 2 by reconstructing the asymmetry argument into three main premises. I then turn in Parts 3–5 to explain how each of these premises is in fact false. Finally, I conclude in Part 6 by considering the relationship between the asymmetry argument and the quality of life argument in Benatar's overall case for anti‐natalism and argue that it is the latter argument that is actually doing the work. In this sense, the asymmetry argument is not only unsuccessful in generating Benatar's anti‐natalist conclusion, it is also unnecessary as well.
Hydrogen sulfide inhibits calcification of heart valves; implications for calcific aortic valve disease
Authors: Sikura Katalin Éva , Potor László , Szerafin Tamás , Oros Melinda , Nagy Péter , Méhes Gábor , Hendrik Zoltán , Zarjou Abolfazl , Agarwal Anupam , Posta Niké , Torregrossa Roberta , Whiteman Matthew , Fürtös Ibolya , Balla György , Balla József 
Published: April 2019

Background and PurposeCalcification of heart valves is a frequent pathological finding in chronic kidney disease and in elderly patients. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may exert anti‐calcific actions. Here we investigated H2S as an inhibitor of valvular calcification and to identify its targets in the pathogenesis.Experimental ApproachEffects of H2S on osteoblastic transdifferentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VIC) isolated from samples of human aortic valves were studied using immunohistochemistry and western blots. We also assessed H2S on valvular calcification in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice.Key ResultsIn human VIC, H2S from donor compounds (NaSH, Na2S, GYY4137, AP67, and AP72) inhibited mineralization/osteoblastic transdifferentiation, dose‐dependently in response to phosphate. Accumulation of calcium in the extracellular matrix and expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase was also inhibited. RUNX2 was not translocated to the nucleus and phosphate uptake was decreased. Pyrophosphate generation was increased via up‐regulating ENPP2 and ANK1. Lowering endogenous production of H2S by concomitant silencing of cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) favoured VIC calcification. analysis of human specimens revealed higher Expression of CSE in aorta stenosis valves with calcification (AS) was higher than in valves of aortic insufficiency (AI). In contrast, tissue H2S generation was lower in AS valves compared to AI valves. Valvular calcification in ApoE−/− mice on a high‐fat diet was inhibited by H2S.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe endogenous CSE‐CBS/H2S system exerts anti‐calcification effects in heart valves providing a novel therapeutic approach to prevent hardening of valves.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Hydrogen Sulfide in Biology & Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.4/issuetoc
Care in crisis—Is there a solution? Reflections on the Care Crisis Review 2018
Authors: Holt Kim , Kelly Nancy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 2017, the number of applications for care orders in England and Wales was the highest ever recorded at 14,207. This is a significant factor, contributing to the rise in the number of children who are looked after, which is at the highest level since 1985.The authors reflect on the recently published Care Crisis Review 2018, a sector‐led review, which examines the reasons for the rise in care proceedings and the number of children in care. The review sought to identify changes to policy and practice within local authorities and the family justice system, in an attempt to divert cases away from the family courts and to reduce the number of children in care, where it is safe to do so.Whilst the legislative framework is largely effective and the system generally works well, there is insufficient funding and resources to meet the needs of children and their families when they seek help, regardless of whether this is at an early stage or when they are in crisis and most in need of care and protection.