bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant treatment after epileptogenesis onset prevents comorbidities in rats sensitized by a past stressful event
Authors: Becker Christel , Mancic Angelina , Ghestem Antoine , Poillerat Victoria , Claverie Damien , Bartolomei Fabrice , Brouillard Franck , Benoliel Jean‐Jacques , Bernard Christophe 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectiveUnresolved past stressful events can induce a state of vulnerability to epilepsy and comorbidities. Using an experimental model of stress‐induced vulnerability to depression, we tested whether an antioxidant treatment applied after the onset of epileptogenesis was disease modifying and could prevent the occurrence of comorbidities.MethodsWe used social defeat (SD) to trigger a state of vulnerability in half of the SD‐exposed population of rats. One month after SD, we used repeated injections of kainic acid to trigger status epilepticus (SE). One subset of animals was treated after SE during 2 weeks with Tempol, a strong antioxidant. Supradural 24/7 recordings were used to assess the development of epilepsy. We assessed spatial and nonspatial memory as well as a depressionlike profile 6 weeks after SE.ResultsSerum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels decreased after SD in all animals and recovered to pre‐SD levels 1 month later in half of them (SDN group). The other half kept low serum BDNF levels (SDL group). At that stage, SDN and SDL animals do not present a depressionlike profile. The SDL group was more sensitive than the SDN group to epileptogenic conditions. Following SE, the SDL group displayed accelerated epileptogenesis, a depressionlike profile, and severe cognitive deficits as compared to SDN rats. Transient Tempol treatment was disease‐modifying, reducing the number of seizures, and prevented the development of comorbidities in the SDL group. Tempol treatment normalized oxidative stress in the SDL group to SDN levels.SignificanceThis study illustrates the disease‐modifying effect of antioxidant treatment after the onset of epileptogenesis in a population rendered vulnerable by past stressful events. The transient treatment decreased seizure burden and had long‐term effects, preventing the occurrence of a depressionlike profile and cognitive deficits. We propose that vulnerability to comorbidities can be reversed after the onset of epilepsy.
Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome
Authors: Reynolds A. , Keen J. A. , Fordham T. , Morgan R. A. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundObesity is a common feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). In other species, obese adipose tissue shows pathological features such as adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and impaired insulin signalling all of which contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation. Such adipose tissue dysfunction has not been investigated in horses.ObjectivesTo determine if obese horses with EMS have adipose tissue dysfunction characterised by adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and altered insulin signalling.Study designCross‐sectional post‐mortem study.MethodsSamples of peri‐renal (visceral) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were obtained at post‐mortem from healthy horses (n = 9) and horses with EMS (n = 6). Samples were analysed to determine average adipocyte size, fibrotic content and expression of inflammatory and insulin signalling genes.ResultsHorses with metabolic syndrome showed marked adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of adipokines (leptin) and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1β and CCL2) in both adipose tissue depots compared to healthy horses. There were no differences in fibrosis or expression of genes relating to insulin signalling between the groups.Main limitationsCases used in this study had advanced EMS and may represent the end stage of the condition; the design of the study is such that we were unable to relate the identified adipose tissue dysfunction to whole body insulin dysregulation.ConclusionsHorses with obesity and EMS have significant dysfunction of the peri‐renal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue that may contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation.
A kinematic comparison of the locomotor pattern of horses sedated with detomidine alone and in combination with low doses of butorphanol
Authors: Frigerio M. A. , Gómez Cisneros D. , Santiago Llorente I. , Manso‐Díaz G. , López‐Sanromán J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundChemical restraint is often used to perform diagnostic and minor surgical procedures; α2‐adrenoceptor agonists are the most commonly used drugs; however, the combination with an opiate can induce a profound sedation. There is a lack of kinematic studies examining the effects of the combination of these drugs on locomotor patterns.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate the duration of the effects of sedation with detomidine and detomidine combined with a low dose of butorphanol on the movement patterns of horses.Study designThe study was a controlled, randomised, blinded and crossover experiment.MethodsEach of six horses was injected intravenously with saline (0.9%) solution (10 mL), detomidine diluted in saline solution (0.01 mg/kg bwt) or a combination of detomidine (0.01 mg/kg bwt) and butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg bwt) diluted in saline solution, in a random order. A single accelerometer positioned at the sacrum was used for gait assessment 15 min before (baseline) and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min after each injection. Eight variables were measured, including speed, stride frequency, stride length, regularity, dorsoventral power, propulsive power, mediolateral power and total power; force of acceleration and the three components of power were calculated. The degree of sedation was measured by the ground‐to‐lip distance.ResultsThere were significant differences among groups, with shorter effects after the injection of the combination of drugs, for most parameters.Main limitationsA small number of horses were involved in the study.ConclusionsThe combination of detomidine and butorphanol produces a shorter effect on almost all accelerometric parameters, probably due to the excitement produced by the opioid drug causing a quicker return to normal values. Accelerometry offers a method of objectively monitoring gait abnormalities in walking sedated horses.
Efficacy of rivastigmine transdermal therapy on low food intake in patients with Alzheimer's disease: The Attitude Towards Food Consumption in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Revive with Rivastigmine Effects study
Authors: Tsuno Norifumi , Mori Takahiro , Ishikawa Ichiro , Bando Nobuyasu , Park Haeyoung , Matsumoto Yoshito , Mori Itsuko , Tanaka Mariko , Hirano Takayuki , Nakamura Yu 
Published: March 2019

AimMost patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience poor food intake and/or loss of appetite, which accelerates cognitive impairment. Several reports have shown that rivastigmine improves appetite in AD patients. The present study investigated the efficacy of a rivastigmine transdermal patch for the treatment of low food intake in AD patients.MethodsAD patients, recruited through the Attitude Towards Food Consumption in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Revive with Rivastigmine Effects study, were recognized as experiencing either a loss of appetite or poor food intake. A rivastigmine transdermal patch was administered to study participants for 16 weeks. Patients’ food intake, bodyweight, Mini‐Mental State Examination scores and any adverse events were recorded.ResultsA total of 38 patients with AD (age 86.2 ± 5.4 years) were examined. Their mean Mini‐Mental State Examination score was 10.1 ± 7.0 at baseline. A significant increase in food intake amount (54.9 ± 98.0 g, P < 0.01) and food intake ratio (9.3% ± 17.6%, P < 0.01) was observed by week 1, improvements that were maintained throughout the study duration. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that no independent variables were significantly associated with changes in food intake amount or ratio. Patients in the higher Mini‐Mental State Examination subgroup showed a trend change in food intake amount, although this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that a rivastigmine transdermal patch might improve poor food intake or loss of appetite in patients with AD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 571–576.
Characterization of two large duplications of F9 associated with mild and severe haemophilia B, respectively
Authors: Xie Xiaoling , Chen Changming , Liang Qian , Wu Xi , Wang Xuefeng , Wu Wenman , Ding Qiulan 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionOnly two large duplications of F9 causing haemophilia B (HB) have been reported.AimTo analyse the pathogenic mechanisms of large F9 duplications.MethodsWe have identified two large duplications of F9 (dup ex 1‐6 and dup ex 4‐6) associated with mild and severe HB in probands A and B, respectively. Here, we localized the breakpoints of the two duplications using long‐range PCR and genome walking combined with quantitative primer walking strategies. We traced the origin of dup ex 4‐6 by haplotype analysis then performed somatic mosaicism detection in sporadic pedigree B and detected the effect of chimeric intron derived from the duplication on transcription by minigene assay.ResultsMechanisms of fork stalling and template switching and/or microhomology‐mediated break‐induced replication (FoSTeS/MMBIR) might be responsible for the formation of two tandem direct duplications. The dup ex 4‐6 was traced to maternal grandmother of proband B, who was both somatic mosaicism and germline mosaic and the duplication might be formed during mitosis of her early embryonic cells. Minigene assay demonstrated that chimeric intron generated three transcripts, one minor transcript produced an in‐frame protein adding duplicated 143 amino acids into the normal FIX, explaining the small amount of larger FIX shown in Western blot. The inter‐F9 dup ex 1‐6 adjacent to the original F9 copy created two identical promoters, and promoter competition might be the pathogenic mechanism of the duplication causing mild HB.ConclusionsThis study highlights that duplications can be associated with diseases by complicated pathogenic mechanisms.
An exploratory comparison of single intra‐articular injection of platelet‐rich plasma vs hyaluronic acid in treatment of haemophilic arthropathy of the knee
Authors: Li Tsung‐Ying , Wu Yung‐Tsan , Chen Liang‐Cheng , Cheng Shin‐Nan , Pan Ru‐Yu , Chen Yeu‐Chin 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionIntra‐articular platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection therapy has been extensively applied in clinical practice to treat musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis, but the treatment for haemophilic arthropathy is rarely reported.AimsThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of intra‐articular PRP vs hyaluronic acid (HA) injections in treating haemophilic arthropathy of knee joints.PatientsTwenty‐two haemophilia patients (mean age, 41.1 ± 1.7 [range, 20‐50] years) with painful haemophilic arthropathy of the knee were enrolled for this open‐label and observer‐blind study.MethodsEleven patients were treated with a single intra‐articular injection of PRP and the other 11 received five consecutively weekly intra‐articular injections of HA. Outcome assessment included pain by visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Chinese Version and synovial change determined by ultrasonography.ResultsPlatelet‐rich plasma and HA intra‐articular injection showed statistically significant reduction in VAS, WOMAC total score and hyperaemia score from baseline to 6‐month post‐treatment. Inter‐group comparison showed statistically significant difference in the change in VAS score, WOMAC pain score, physical function score and total score at 6 months, wherein PRP group showed sustained beneficial effect than HA group at 6 months.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that, in comparison with five weekly injections of HA, a single PRP injection resulted in better improvement in pain relief and knee joint function, and greater reduction in synovial hyperaemia for up to 6 months. Our results suggest that PRP may be practical and effective for haemophilic knee arthropathy, and further investigation is warranted.
Modification of chitosan using hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid and its physicochemical properties including water solubility, oil entrapment and in vitro lipase activity
Authors: Hong Seungmi , Choi HyungSeok , Jo SeungBin , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee Suyong , Ahn Sangdoo , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryChitosan was modified using H2O2 and ascorbic acid with different incubation temperatures (4–40 °C). The properties of modified chitosan, including its oil entrapment ability, water solubility and the lipase‐resistant activities, using in vitro intestine model system were determined. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that ascorbic acid was bound to modified chitosan. All of the modified chitosan from 4 to 40 °C demonstrated improved water solubility (even in pH 7) compared to non‐modified chitosan, which was only soluble at pH 4. Modified chitosan from 4 °C exhibited 27.40% of oil entrapment ability which was approximately four times higher than 6.87% of non‐modified chitosan. Modified chitosan from 4 and 40 °C had increased resistance against lipase activity compared to other biopolymers, including beeswax, carnauba wax and non‐modified chitosan. Modified chitosan could be used as a new food ingredient due to their high water solubility, oil‐entrapping ability and resisting lipase activity.
Biogenic amines and nucleotide breakdown products of sodium acetate, sodium lactate, and sodium citrate treated seer fish (Scomberomorus commerson) during iced storage
Authors: Mohan C. O. , Ravishankar C. N. , Ashok Kumar K. , Srinivasa Gopal T.K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study communicates the effect of organic acid (2% each sodium acetate [NaA], sodium citrate [NaC], and sodium lactate [NaL]) treatment on the changes in K value and biogenic amines (BAs) during iced storage. Treatment with organic acid improved the sensory quality and extended the shelf life significantly (p < 0.05). Very low initial K value increased to >66% for all the samples on the day of sensory rejection. Putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine dominated among the BAs. BAs content was observed least for sample treated with NaA. Putrescine level was least for NaA followed by NaC < NaL < Control samples throughout the storage period whereas cadeverine and histamine level followed the order NaA < NaL < NaC < control samples. On the day of sensory rejection, Putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine ranged 2.2–10.9, 2.0–11.4, and 3.4–12.7 μg g−1, respectively. However, throughout the storage period both histamine and total BA content was within the limit prescribed by European commission and US Food and Drug Administration.Practical applicationsDemand for fish is on rise due to its health benefits. At the same time there is an increasing concern on the quality and safety of fish. Any advances which help in enhancing the shelf life of fish without compromising safety will be well accepted by the industry. Present study demonstrated that treating seer fish with organic acids improved the eating quality of fish and extended the shelf life significantly. Organic acid treated seer fish was safe with respect to histamine and other BAs throughout the study period. Treating with organic acid helps in transporting the healthful food commodity such as fish to distant places due to increased shelf life.
Does physical state of farm housing and milking practices affect total bacteria and somatic cell count of cow milk?
Authors: Paraffin Annah Shingirai , Zindove Titus Jairus , Chimonyo Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe study determined the effect of physical state of farm housing on total bacteria and somatic cell count (SCC) of cow milk. Milk records collected at Dairy Services Zimbabwe were used. Effects of physical state of ceilings, doors, ventilation, walls, drains, fly‐proofs, windows and roof type on total bacterial count (TBC) in milk, and SCC were determined using general linear models procedure. Poor physical state of ceilings, doors and floors in milking parlors, wash rooms and bulk tank rooms result in high TBC and SCC in milk (p < 0.05). Poor ventilation in the bulk tank room results in high TBC in milk (p < 0.05). Floors, doors, and ceilings of milking houses should be kept in sound condition and good repair in order minimize TBC and SCC in raw milk.Practical applicationsUnderstanding how physical state of farm houses and management practices affect total bacterial count and somatic cell count in fresh milk enables farmers and regulatory agencies to put in corrective action to reduce bacterial contamination of milk at farm level. This helps keep the population of disease causing bacteria in raw milk, which is widely consumed by human beings, as low as possible. It also helps reduce contamination by some resistant bacteria that might survive processing and cause further defects in milk products. The shelf‐life of the milk and its products is, thus, improved. Reducing bacterial and somatic cell count in raw milk also helps the milk producers to score high milk grades on the market and, thus, fetch high prices.
External lipid function in ethnic hairs
Authors: Coderch Luisa , Oliver Marc A. , Carrer Víctor , Manich Albert M. , Martí Meritxell 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe main aim of this study is to characterize the external lipids of different ethnic hairs and to study the contribution of the exogenous lipids on their physicochemical properties.MethodsOn the extraction procedure, sebaceous lipids from the exterior of the fiber are removed. The influence of those free lipids on the hair properties, such as contact angle, mechanical characteristics, and sorption of water, will be evaluated to determine permeation characteristics of the keratin fibers. Relationship with lipid order was also determined by infrared spectroscopy (IR).ResultsLipid extraction indicates the greatest amount of total lipids for African hair. Caucasian lipid extracts present the higher melting point and phase transition temperatures. This could be related to higher hydration and lower diffusion coefficient of the Caucasian fibers. A decrease in moisture was found in the lipid‐extracted fibers. This diminution of the maximum water regain in all cases could be due to a higher water desorption. IR results indicate that Caucasian and moreover African native fibers present the most quantity of lipids, and the similar frequency of all fibers indicates a lamellar/orthorhombic order arrangement.ConclusionThe hexane/tert‐butanol extraction was demonstrated to modify not only cuticular but also cortex lipids. Exogenous lipid depletion in all fibers indicates a less water content and higher water desorption. However, lipid depleted Caucasian fibers presents an increase in the lipid order which could be related to the different saturation of the lipid extract and its improvement in breaking tenacity.
Prerequisites for safe intraoperative nursing care and teamwork—Operating theatre nurses’ perspectives: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Sandelin Annika , Kalman Sigridur , Gustafsson Birgitta Åkesdotter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo describe operating theatre nurses’ experience of preconditions for safe intraoperative nursing care and teamwork.BackgroundSurgical interventions are often needed for patients’ well‐being and survival from health problems. Adequate information to professionals responsible within the surgical organisation is of importance for patient safety in connection to the surgery. The members in the surgical team need correct information about the patients’ health and planned care. The information is mainly transferred by computerised systems that do not necessarily provide all information needed.MethodA qualitative descriptive design was chosen. Narrative interviews were carried out with 16 experienced operating theatre nurses in four different hospitals in rural and urban areas in Sweden. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The study complied with criteria to Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).ResultOperating theatre nurses strived to get adequate information about the patients’ care, the surgical intervention and the equipment to be well prepared for intraoperative nursing care. The information from the computerised systems was described as fragmented and obliged the operating theatre nurses to demand a preoperative dialogue between the members of the surgical team. Professional collegial teamwork and committed leadership were considered to enhance patient safety.ConclusionFrom the operating theatre nurses’ perspective, prerequisites for intraoperative safe nursing care and teamwork depend upon a preoperative dialogue between the members in the surgical team for collegial teamwork, obtaining a reliable preoperative overall picture based on adequate information transfer, and the support of a committed first‐line manager.Relevance to clinical practiceThe operating theatre nurses need a reliable preoperative overall picture in advance, to be able to be well prepared for the patients’ surgery. The overall picture should be based on adequate data about the patients’ health status and needs, details about the surgical intervention and prescriptions.
Potential of Chlorella vulgaris culture for waste treatment from anaerobic biomass biodigestion at the Piaszczyna (Poland) integrated facility
Authors: Pszczółkowska Agata , Pszczółkowski Wiktor , Romanowska‐Duda Zdzislawa 
Published: March 2019

Many strains of microalgae are potentially useful for industrial purposes. Microalgal biomass and microalgae‐derived substances are becoming valuable products with a widening range of applications including biofuels and human food. In this study, the possibility of using the methane waste from biomass biodigestion in the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris biomass with simultaneous waste treatment was investigated. The methane waste from biomass biodigestion was obtained from a multifunctional facility (Piaszczyna, Poland) producing bioethanol from plant biomass with several steps to reuse the wastes, heat, and carbon dioxide. The growth and biomass yield, as well as photosynthetic performance of C. vulgaris on diluted waste, were similar to the results obtained on the standard mineral medium. The cultivation of C. vulgaris was the waste, treatment step that significantly reduced chemical oxygen demand. The results indicated that the waste contained micro‐ and macronutrients sufficient to sustain the growth of C. vulgaris cell culture up to 2 g of dry biomass per liter of culture. The results contributed to the development of the waste treatment step in the Piaszczyna facility that allowed for a further decrease in emissions and may lead to development of microalgae biomass‐based products in the facility portfolio.