bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of polymyalgia rheumatica diagnoses and classification criteria in primary health care
Authors: Fors Charlotta , Bergström Ulf , Willim Minna , Pilman Eva , Turesson Carl 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
PMR is an inflammatory disease with prominent morning stiffness and muscular tenderness, usually diagnosed in primary health care (PHC). The objectives were to examine the validity of PMR diagnoses in PHC and to validate the use of classification criteria for PMR.

Methods
Medical records for patients with a registered PMR diagnosis at two PHC facilities were reviewed. Patients were classified according to several sets of criteria. An independent review, with assessment of the PMR diagnosis, was performed by an experienced rheumatologist.

Results
Of 188 patients, the PMR diagnosis was in agreement with the independent review in 60% overall, in 84% of those fulfilling a modified version of the ACR/EULAR classification criteria and in 52% of those who did not. The corresponding proportions for the Bird criteria were 66 and 31%, and for the Healey criteria 74 and 42%. In 74% of the medical records, documentation on morning stiffness was missing. Rheumatoid factor was tested in 22% and anti-CCP antibodies in 15%.

Conclusion
In this study of patients with PMR diagnosed in PHC, the diagnosis was supported by the independent review in 60% of the patients. Documentation on morning stiffness and testing for autoantibodies were limited. A modified version of the ACR/EULAR criteria can be used to identify patients with a valid PMR diagnosis in retrospective surveys but does not capture all PMR patients. The modified ACR/EULAR criteria may be more stringent than some of the older criteria sets.
Comparing two neurocognitive models of self-control during dietary decisions
Authors: Cosme Danielle , Ludwig Rita M , Berkman Elliot T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Self-control is the process of favoring abstract, distal goals over concrete, proximal goals during decision-making and is an important factor in health and well-being. We directly compare two prominent neurocognitive models of human self-control with the goal of identifying which, if either, best describes behavioral and neural data of dietary decisions in a large sample of overweight and obese adults motivated to eat more healthfully. We extracted trial-by-trial estimates of neural activity during incentive-compatible choice from three brain regions implicated in self-control, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex and assessed evidence for the dual-process and value-based choice models of self-control using multilevel modeling. Model comparison tests revealed that the value-based choice model outperformed the dual-process model and best fit the observed data. These results advance scientific knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying self-control-relevant decision-making and are consistent with a value-based choice model of self-control.
Which patients should receive the herpes zoster vaccine?
Authors: Short Mandy D. , Fergus Christina 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine (RZV, trade name Shingrix) is preferentially recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to prevent herpes zoster and related complications in immunocompetent adults age 50 years and older. This article reviews efficacy and safety of the vaccine, its use in special populations, and how to prevent administration errors to answer the question “Which patients should receive the herpes zoster vaccine?”
Association between obesity type and obstructive coronary artery disease in stable symptomatic postmenopausal women: data from the KoRean wOmen'S chest pain rEgistry (KoROSE)
Authors: Cho Jun Hwan , Kim Hack-Lyoung , Kim Myung-A , Oh Sohee , Kim Mina , Park Seong Mi , Yoon Hyun Ju , Shin Mi Seung , Hong Kyung-Soon , Shin Gil Ja , Shim Wan-Joo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives:
This study investigated the association between obesity type and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Study data were obtained from a nation-wide registry, composed of 659 women older than 55 years with chest pain undergoing elective invasive coronary angiography in the suspicion of CAD. Obstructive CAD was defined as angiographic findings of ≥50% diameter stenosis with any major epicardial coronary artery. Overall obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2, and central obesity was defined as a waist circumference of ≥85 cm.

Results:
A total of 311 women (47.2%) had obstructive CAD. The incidence of overall obesity was not different between participants with and without obstructive CAD (P = 0.340), but the prevalence of obstructive CAD was significantly higher in participants with central obesity than those without (55.5% vs 41.0%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in body mass index between participants with and without obstructive CAD (P = 0.373). Multivariable analysis showed that central obesity was associated with obstructive CAD even after controlling for potential confounders (odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.34; P = 0.013). However, overall obesity was not associated with obstructive CAD in the same multivariable analysis (P = 0.228).

Conclusions:
Central obesity but not overall obesity is associated with obstructive CAD in postmenopausal women with stable chest pain undergoing invasive coronary angiography.

Video Summary:
Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MENO/A440.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Internationally Adopted Children: A 10-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Graffeo Rosalia , Scarlato Lucia , Acampora Anna , Grotti Giacomo , Scarlato Lucia , Pata Davide , Colonna Arianna Turriziani , Salerno Gilda , Colussi Lara , Masucci Luca , Valentini Piero 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) represent one of the leading causes of morbidity in the world. Children involved in international adoptions constitute a special group of subjects with specific problems and specific healthcare needs. Nevertheless, in current literature there are insufficient data on IPI in this subset of children. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of IPI in a cohort of internationally adopted children and to investigate epidemiologic factors and clinical features related to IPIs.

Methods:
A retrospective study involving internationally adopted children <18 years old for which results from 3 fecal parasitologic tests were available, evaluated between September 1, 2008 and April 31, 2018 at a tertiary level university hospital in Rome. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify demographic factors and clinical features associated with IPIs. Two comparisons were performed, the first one according to the positivity of the parasitologic examination of the feces and the second one according to the pathogenicity of the identified strains.

Results:
Of 584 children evaluated, 346 (59.3%) had a positive parasitologic examination (143 pathogenic parasites and 203 nonpathogenic parasites) and 238 (40.8%) had a negative parasitologic examination. About 28.9% of children were positive for 2 or more parasites. A statistically significant positive association was found between IPIs and age, macroarea of origin (Africa and Latin America), living in institutions before adoption and vitamin D deficiency (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Intestinal parasites represent a widespread infection among internationally adopted children, especially in school-age children and those from Latin America and Africa. Importantly, the parasites found in adopted children were not pathogenic in most cases and did not cause significant alterations in growth, major micronutrient deficits or malnutrition.
Relationships Between Sport Specialization, Sleep, and Subjective Well-Being in Female Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Watson Andrew , Brickson Stacey 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between sport specialization, sleep, and subjective well-being in female youth soccer players.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Community soccer organization.

Methods:
During a 4-month season, 52 female youth soccer players (aged 13-18 years) reported daily training load (TL) and every morning recorded sleep duration and stress, mood, fatigue, soreness, and sleep quality from −3 (worst) to +3 (best). As all the athletes participate in soccer as their primary sport for over 8 months of the year, players were considered specialized if they participated in soccer exclusively and had previously quit another sport to focus on soccer. Least-square mean values from linear mixed effects models were used to compare TL, subjective well-being, and sleep while adjusting for individual repeated measures.

Results:
Daily TL during the season did not differ between specialized and nonspecialized athletes (412 ± 24 vs 415 ± 19 arbitrary units, P = 0.96, respectively). Despite similar nightly sleep duration (8.10 ± 0.14 vs 8.25 ± 0.11 hours, P = 0.42), specialized athletes were found to have lower (worse) fatigue (1.02 ± 0.14 vs 1.50 ± 0.11, P = 0.010), soreness (0.66 ± 0.18 vs 1.23 ± 0.14, P = 0.013), mood (1.32 ± 0.12 vs 1.72 ± 0.10, P = 0.013), and sleep quality (1.07 ± 0.13 vs 1.42 ± 0.10, P = 0.035) than the nonspecialized group. Although stress was lower (worse) among the specialized athletes, the difference was not statistically significant (0.97 ± 0.16 vs 1.32 ± 0.13, P = 0.092).

Conclusions:
Among female youth soccer players, sport specialization was associated with impairments in subjective well-being and sleep quality. Additional research is necessary to determine whether this relationship is causal or if factors that influence sport specialization also influence sleep and subjective well-being.
Total nasal reconstruction: a review of the past and present, with a peak into the future
Authors: Phillips Tim J. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
The goal of this article is to review the complex topic of total nasal reconstruction and present a wide range of options for completing this difficult surgical procedure.

Recent findings
Nasal reconstruction has a long history dating back thousands of years. Some historical techniques still exist today, including the paramedian forehead flap. The introduction of free tissue transfer and other pedicled flaps has provided multiple options for the reconstructive surgeon. The future of nasal reconstruction will include facial transplantation and likely bioengineered tissues.

Summary
The principles of nasal reconstruction have gone unchanged for decades; however, the techniques to meet the principles have. The current reconstructive methods of grafts, free flaps, and pedicled flaps used to replace lining, structure, and skin will likely be used for several years to come. However, the use of facial transplantation has proved effective and bioengineered tissues present an exciting future for organ replacement.
Polyp Characteristics of Nonsyndromic and Potentially Syndromic Juvenile Polyps
Authors: Ibrahimi Nadia , Septer Seth S. , Lee Brian R. , Garola Robert , Shah Raj , Attard Thomas M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackground:Juvenile polyps (JPs) are the most common gastrointestinal polyps diagnosed in children. There is paucity of evidence differentiating polyp burden groups and the presence and significance of neoplastic changes.Methods:A retrospective chart review of patients, ages birth through 18 years with nonsyndromic JPs was performed from 2003 to 2017. Abstracted data included basic demographics, age, clinical presentation, colonoscopy findings, and pathology report. Slides of polyps with neoplasia were reviewed by a pathologist.Results:A total of 213 subjects underwent 326 procedures and 435 polypectomies. Subjects with positive family history, positive gene mutations, or numerous (>10) polyps were excluded. Groups were defined by polyp number (1, 2–4, 5–10). Polyp recurrence on repeat colonoscopy was significantly related to polyp burden (1 polyp: 1.5%/2–4 polyps 19.2%/5–10 polyps 82.6%: P < 0.001). Polyp distribution was significantly different amongst different groups with isolated polyps favoring a distal distribution. JPs harboring adenomatous foci were reported in 26 (12%) patients. JPs harboring adenomatous foci were significantly more likely to be proximally distributed but the presence of adenomatous transformation within the polyps did not correlate with polyp number or the likelihood of polyp recurrence on repeat colonoscopy.Conclusions:JP recurrence is positively and significantly related to polyp burden. JP harbored adenomatous changes independent of polyp number, underscoring a possible malignant potential in JPs. In the absence of a consistent genotype or pedigree, the presence of adenomatous transformation within JPs cannot be construed as a biomarker for syndromic juvenile polyposis.
Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction in the Obese: A Better Option Than Tissue Expander/Implant Reconstruction?
Authors: Klement Kristen A. , Hijjawi John B. , LoGiudice John A. , Alghoul Mohammad , Omesiete-Adejare Pamela 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, with 72 million people in the United States classified as obese in 2010. This significant increase in obese patients is reflected in the breast cancer population seeking breast reconstruction. Previous studies demonstrated increased complication rates and decreased satisfaction in obese patients undergoing breast reconstruction. This study aims to directly compare prosthetic and autologous reconstruction in the obese population by evaluating surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Methods:
In an institutional review board–approved study, a retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with a body mass index of 30.0 kg/m2 or greater who underwent breast cancer reconstruction after mastectomy with either free tissue transfer from the abdomen or prosthetic reconstruction over a 3-year period. The authors identified 96 patients with 141 reconstructions. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were collected. All patients were sent the BREAST-Q questionnaire by means of mail to study the impact and effectiveness of breast surgery from the patient’s perspective. Statistical analysis was completed with Fisher’s exact test, Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test, Pearson chi square test, or Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test.

Results:
Prosthetic-based breast reconstruction was associated with increased major breast complications (p < 0.001), mastectomy skin flap necrosis (p = 0.009), infection (0.006), and overall reconstructive failure (p < 0.0001) compared with autologous reconstruction. When evaluating the results of the BREAST-Q studies, the autologous reconstruction group had improved satisfaction with breasts (p < 0.0001), satisfaction with outcome (p = 0.01), psychosocial well-being (p = 0.007), and sexual well-being (p = 0.006).

Conclusion:
In the obese population, reconstruction with free tissue transfer from the abdomen resulted in decreased complications of the breast reconstruction site and improved patient satisfaction with outcomes compared with prosthetic reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Absorbable Fixation Devices for Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Trauma: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Lopez Joseph , Siegel Nicholas , Reategui Alvaro , Faateh Muhammad , Manson Paul N. , Redett Richard J. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The purpose of this study was to investigate surgical outcomes with the use of resorbable plating systems for the repair of craniomaxillofacial trauma in the pediatric population.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature was performed. A descriptive analysis, operative technical data, outcomes, and postoperative complications with the use of absorbable plating systems for craniomaxillofacial trauma were included.

Results:
The systematic literature review identified 1264 abstracts, of which only 19 met inclusion criteria. From these 19 studies, 312 clinical cases with 443 facial fractures that were treated with absorbable fixation systems were extracted for analysis. The review identified only level III/IV (n = 17) and level V (n = 2) studies. Minor and major complications were rare, occurring in 5.45 percent (n = 17) and 3.21 percent (n = 10) of cases, respectively. The most common complications were surgical-site infections (n = 4) and plate extrusion (n = 4).

Conclusions:
This report is, to the authors’ knowledge, one of the first comprehensive reports on the use of absorbable plating systems for pediatric craniomaxillofacial trauma. Their analysis suggests that the use of absorbable fixation devices for pediatric craniomaxillofacial trauma is relatively safe, with a low-risk profile. Outcome studies with longer follow-up periods specifically investigating facial growth, reoperation rates, standardized surgical outcome metrics, and cost are necessary to effectively compare these fixation devices to titanium alternatives for craniomaxillofacial trauma.
Flap Blood Glucose as a Sensitive and Specific Indicator for Flap Venous Congestion: A Rodent Model Study
Authors: Mochizuki Kana , Mochizuki Masato , Gonda Koichi 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Flap blood glucose decreases when flap congestion occurs. The hypothesis that flap blood glucose works as an indicator for venous congestion was tested experimentally, and flap congestion was reproduced in rodent models.

Methods:
Blood glucose levels of a rat abdominal skin flap, with or without its vein pedicle clamped, were checked before and every 10 minutes after flap elevation. In rats whose pedicle vein was shut off, it was further followed up every 5 minutes after declamping. To examine the effect of systemic blood glucose on flap blood glucose, in some rats, glucose solution was administered intraperitoneally before the experiment to artificially produce hyperglycemia. Forty-two rats were divided into four groups, with (n = 24) or without (n = 18) venous blockage and with (n = 20) or without (n = 22) glucose preloading.

Results:
Flap blood glucose decreased rapidly to off-scale low (<20 mg/dl) within 40 minutes only when the vein pedicle was shut off in normoglycemic (40 ± 8.2 minutes, mean ± SD) and hyperglycemic (40 ± 9.9 minutes) rat groups (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the time taken for the flap blood glucose to decrease to off-scale low after venous blockage between both groups (p = 0.379). When the vein was declamped, flap blood glucose again rapidly returned to the systemic level in 15 minutes or earlier in both groups (p = 0.0283).

Conclusions:
Flap blood glucose sensitively and specifically reflects the state of vein occlusion, whether the systemic blood glucose is normal or high. The authors’ results indicate that flap blood glucose works as a reliable indicator for the venous system.
Replantation of Cryopreserved Fingers: An “Organ Banking” Breakthrough
Authors: Wang Zengtao , Zhu Lei , Kou Wei , Sun Wenhai , He Bo , Wang Chunxia , Shen Yun , Wang Yang , Zhu Zhaowei , Liang You 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Although cryopreservation has been widely used in clinical practice, it remains limited to small or thin bloodless tissues with a simple structure and function. In August of 2002, the authors performed the first successful transplantation of a cryopreserved vascularized rat hind limb. Subsequently, the authors extended this cryopreservation technique to the preservation of human fingers.

Methods:
In December of 2002 and December of 2003, the authors performed two in situ implantations of cryopreserved amputated fingers for two patients by means of the “two-step” and programmed cryopreservation methods. In case 1, computed tomographic angiography was performed on the affected hand 6 months after surgery. In case 2, pieces of skin were obtained from the thawed amputated finger for pathologic examination before replantation.

Results:
One finger was cryopreserved for 81 days and the other for 5 days. Both fingers were replanted successfully. Computed tomographic angiography revealed a patent radial proper digital artery in case 1. The pathologic results of case 2 showed satisfactory skin cell morphology. After 15- and 14-year follow-up assessments of the two patients, the replanted fingers achieved satisfactory appearance and function.

Conclusions:
The authors confirmed the effectiveness of deep cryopreservation for the long-term preservation of human fingers. The current application scope of these cryopreservation techniques includes small limbs with minimal amounts of muscle tissue.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.
Adenosine 5’-Monophosphate Protects from Hypoxia by Lowering Mitochondrial Metabolism and Oxygen Demand
Authors: Kondo Yutaka , Sueyoshi Koichiro , Zhang Jingping , Bao Yi , Li Xiaoou , Fakhari Mahtab , Slubowski Christian J. , Bahrami Soheyl , Ledderose Carola , Junger Wolfgang G. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Ischemia and reperfusion injury following severe trauma or cardiac arrest are major causes of organ damage in intensive care patients. The brain is particularly vulnerable because hypoxia rapidly damages neurons due to their heavy reliance on oxidative phosphorylation. Therapeutic hypothermia can reduce ischemia-induced brain damage, but cooling procedures are slow and technically difficult to perform in critical care settings. It has been previously reported that injection of naturally occurring adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) can rapidly induce hypothermia in mice. We studied the underlying mechanisms and found that AMP transiently reduces the heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and the consciousness of adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. Adding AMP to mouse or human neuronal cell cultures dose-dependently reduced the membrane potential (ΔΨm) and Ca2+ signaling of mitochondria in these cells. AMP treatment increased intracellular AMP levels and activated AMP-activated protein kinase, which resulted in the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and of mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca2+ signaling in resting and stimulated neurons. Pretreatment with an intraperitoneal injection of AMP almost doubled the survival time of mice under hypoxic (6% O2) or anoxic (<1% O2) conditions when compared to untreated mice. These findings suggest that AMP induces a hypometabolic state that slows mitochondrial respiration, reduces oxygen demand, and delays the processes that damage mitochondria in the brain and other organs following hypoxia and reperfusion. Further examination of these mechanisms may lead to new treatments that preserve organ function in critical care patients.