bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing Antifouling Properties Onto Janus‐Like Decellularized Corneas via Graft‐From Zwitterionic Polymers
Authors: Wu Simin , Han Jiandong , Guo Xiukai , Rao Zilong , Zhang Kexin , Quan Daping , Bai Ying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe lack of endothelial layer hinders the use of decellularized corneal stroma in keratoplasty, resulting in adverse effects, such as non‐specific protein adsorption and corneal oedema after implantation, which leads to rapid failure of the ophthalmic implants. In this study, superhydrophilic poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) was gently introduced to the porcine‐derived decellularized corneal stroma matrix (pDCSM), aiming to resist undesirable biofilm adsorption within the ocular environment. After complete decellularization, the pDCSM was first methacrylated by the integration of methacrylic anhydride. Consecutively, PMPC was only grafted from the back surface (endothelium side) of the methacrylated pDCSM through surface‐initiated free radical polymerization. This one‐side surface‐modified pDCSM not only retained good optical transmittance and mechanical properties that were comparable to the untreated pDCSM, but both surfaces of the same artificial cornea also showed non‐cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. Moreover, the PMPC‐grafted back surface exhibited considerable antifouling properties that resisted both protein and cell adhesion. Consequently, such Janus‐like artificial cornea holds great promise in future ophthalmic applications, which may serve as a springboard for the design of versatile decellularized extracellular matrix based biomedical implants with Janus‐like properties.
Comparison of Swollen vs. Compounded Cross‐linked High‐Cis‐1,4‐Polybutadiene/n‐Tetracosane Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Basak Sayan , Cavicchi Kevin A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBlending elastomers with phase change materials offers a modular approach to fabricating smart materials, such as shape memory polymers. This study compares shape memory polymers prepared by peroxide cross‐linking a blend of polybutadiene and n‐tetracosane (compounded samples) versus swelling peroxide cross‐linked polybutadiene in n‐tetracosane (swollen samples). Characterization of the thermal, thermomechanical, and shape memory behavior of the two types of samples show very similar behavior as a function of polybutadiene content. The sample with ca. 30% polybutadiene displayed shape memory metrics of ~90% fixity and ~99% recovery at 25% applied strain. The main difference in the samples was the change in fixity and recovery with cycling where they were heated and cooled using water baths. The compounded samples exhibited a 1.4% decrease in fixity, 0.2% decrease in recovery, and 2.25% weight loss over 20 cycles. In contrast, the swollen samples have a 4.2% decrease in fixity, 0.4% decrease in recovery, and 5.63% weight loss over 20 cycles. This weight loss was attributed to the expulsion of the n‐tetracosane that experienced a higher driving force in the swollen sample with stretched chains. The cyclic and long‐term aging of these polymers is different depending on the preparation method to incorporate the n‐tetracosane into the material.
Determining the optimal time window to detect emerald ash borer damage for effective management
Authors: Zhou Quan , Zhang Xudong , Yu Linfeng , Qi Ruohan , Ren Lili , Luo Youqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive pest of global concern. Accurate detection of EAB is crucial for effective management. Traditional field surveys fail to meet large‐scale monitoring requirements. Remote sensing methods offer a potential solution, but the phenological decline of ash trees may obscure the remote sensing features for detecting EAB. Therefore, determining the timing of leaf abscission caused by EAB before phenology is crucial for effective detection. We collected time‐series data of Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf sizes, and hyperspectral images of damaged ash trees throughout the growing season to determine the optimal detecting time window for EAB detection using field surveys or remote sensing techniques.RESULTSSignificant differences in LAI and leaf size were observed throughout the growing season among ash trees with different EAB infestation degrees, providing a basis for small‐scale field surveys. However, in May and June, the hyperspectral reflectance showed no variation. The difference began to appear in July and became apparent from August to October. By October, severely EAB‐infested ash trees had almost completely defoliated. Machine learning classification results showed that accuracies after July were higher than before July. After July, the highest classification accuracy reached 100%, while the highest accuracy before July was only 88.57%.CONCLUSIONSSelecting the optimal monitoring time significantly enhanced detection accuracy. The optimal period for field surveys is from May to November, whereas for remote sensing it is from August to October. Identifying the optimal months enables us to achieve more efficient decision‐making and management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improved DeTraC Binary Coyote Net‐Based Multiple Instance Learning for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis of Breast Cancer From Whole‐Slide Pathological Images
Authors: Ramkumar M. , Sarath Kumar R. , Padmapriya R. , Balu Mahandiran S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEarly detection of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer is vital for improving treatment outcomes and prognosis.MethodsThis study introduces an Improved Decompose, Transfer, and Compose Binary Coyote Net‐based Multiple Instance Learning (ImDeTraC‐BCNet‐MIL) method for predicting lymph node metastasis from Whole Slide Images (WSIs) using multiple instance learning. The method involves segmenting WSIs into patches using Otsu and double‐dimensional clustering techniques. The developed multiple instance learning approach introduces a paradigm into computational pathology by shaping pathological data and constructing features. ImDeTraC‐BCNet‐MIL was utilised for feature generation during both training and testing to differentiate lymph node metastasis in WSIs.ResultsThe proposed model achieves the highest accuracy of 95.3% and 99.8%, precision values of 98% and 99.8%, and recall rates of 92.9% and 99.8% on the Camelyon16 and Camelyon17 datasets.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the effectiveness of ImDeTraC‐BCNet‐MIL in enhancing the early detection of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.
Renewable realities: Charting a greener course for the world's high‐emitting nations through information technology insights
Authors: Ranthilake Tharulee , Caldera Yuganthi , Senevirathna Dilshani , Gunawardana Heshan , Jayathilaka Ruwan , Peter Suren 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most abundant gas among all greenhouse gas emissions, severely impacting global warming. This study examines the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), population dynamics, Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (PGDP), and Renewable Energy Consumption (REC) on CO₂ on a global scale, representing 38 countries selected using the Pareto principle. Results from the panel regression model indicate a significantly positive relationship between ICT, PGDP, and population on CO₂ emissions. In contrast, REC exhibits a negative relationship. The Multiple Linear Regression model shows that an increase in PGDP leads to higher CO₂ emissions, except in Uzbekistan. ICT increases emissions in the United States, Argentina, Australia, Canada, and Egypt. Population growth raises emissions, except in the United States, France, Germany, and Russia. REC reduces CO₂ emissions in most countries. Policymakers in individual countries can gain a precise understanding of how these variables impact CO₂ emissions, enabling them to mitigate the risks associated with global warming.
Microplastics in global rivers: Sustainable practices
Authors: Guo Yutong , Ayeri Tolga , van Puijenbroek Peter , Strokal Maryna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for implementing sustainable practices by 2030, but their effects on microplastic pollution over time are limited. Here, we aimed to understand better the effects of improved centralized‐sanitation and reduced production and consumption on point‐source inputs of microplastics into rivers from 2010 to 2100 with a 10‐year time step for 10,226 sub‐basins globally. We developed scenarios with sustainable practices and implemented them into the MARINA‐Plastics model. Our baseline scenario followed the “middle‐of‐the‐road” socioeconomic pathway, where global microplastics (MIPs) in rivers will almost triple by 2100. European and Asian rivers were major MIP pollution hotspots in the past whereas Africa will join them in the future. Better centralized‐sanitation may reduce MIPs in rivers globally in the long‐term by 2100, while controlled waste generation may reduce MIPs in rivers in the short‐term by 2030. Our insights could guide policymaking in implementing SDG 6 and 12. We argue that combined sustainable practices could reduce MIP in global rivers in the short‐ and long‐term.
Underlying Mechanism of Electrolyte Compositional Engineering Based on Additive Solvation‐Structure Governing Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Min A , Jang Ho Yeon , Lee Jeongin , Byun Jooeun , Jung Yunchae , Song Jun Ho , Yu Ji‐Sang , Song Hyun‐Kon , Hwang Chihyun , Back Seoin , Kim Hyun‐seung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubstantial efforts are dedicated to optimizing the additive dosage in the electrolyte and studying its effect on solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). This study reveals that the decomposition characteristics of the additive based on its lithium‐ion solvation nature significantly contribute to controlling SEI formation. During SEI formation, the strong lithium‐ion solvating additive spontaneously migrates to the negative electrode due to negative charge accumulation on the surface, and SEI reinforcement is feasible by increasing the additive dosage. In contrast, population‐based SEI formation occurs with a weaker solvating additive, so dosage‐dependent modification of the SEI is not effective. These findings demonstrate that compositional electrolyte engineering based on the solvation properties of the additive can be more effective than empirical and experimental studies based on trial and error.
Investigating the Effect of Carbon Nanotubes Decorated SmVO4‐MoS2 Nanocomposite for Energy Storage Enhancement via VARTM‐Fabricated Solid‐State Structural Supercapacitors Using Woven Carbon Fiber
Authors: Shoeb Mohd , Mashkoor Fouzia , Jeong Hongjun , Khan Mohammad Naved , Jeong Changyoon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTraditional supercapacitors are cumbersome and need separate enclosures, which add weight and reduce space efficiency. In contrast, structural supercapacitors combine energy storage with load‐bearing materials, optimizing space and weight for automotive and aerospace applications. This study investigates the synthesis of SmVO4‐MoS2 and SmVO4‐MoS2‐CNT nanocomposites, focusing on optimizing CNT concentration in SmVO4‐MoS2‐CNT for high‐performance supercapacitors. The optimal concentration of SmVO4‐MoS2‐CNT is identified and used to fabricate structural supercapacitor devices via the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. The results indicate that the specific capacitance of Sm‐Mo‐C5, using a three‐electrode system, reached 1.01 F cm−2 at a current density of 2.187 mA cm−2. The performance improvement is attributed to the synergistic interaction among SmVO4, MoS2, and CNTs, collectively enhancing conductivity and active site availability. The practical application of this study is demonstrated by synthesizing Sm‐Mo‐C5 on woven carbon fiber (WCF) and subsequently fabricating a structural supercapacitor device (SSD) using the VARTM. The SSD, produced via VARTM, exhibited a specific capacitance of 0.287 F cm−2 at a current density of 2 A cm−2. The device showcased exceptional cyclic stability, maintaining 72.5% of its initial capacitance after 50,000 charge‐discharge cycles. Additionally, it achieved a maximum energy density of 79.86 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1017.69 W kg−1.
Bio‐Inspired Core–Shell Structured Electrode Particles with Protective Mechanisms for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Zelai , Dong Taowen , Chen Siyan , Gao Zhenhai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), as predominant energy storage devices, are applied to electric vehicles, which is an effective way to achieve carbon neutrality. However, the major obstructions to their applications are two dilemmas: enhanced cyclic life and thermal stability. Taking advantage of bio‐inspired core–shell structures to optimize the self‐protective mechanisms of the mercantile electrode particles, LIBs can improve electrochemical performance and thermal stability simultaneously. The favorable core–shell structures suppress volume expansion to stabilize electrode–electrolyte interfaces (EEIs), mitigate direct contact between the electrode material and electrolyte, and promote electrical connectivity. They possess wide operating temperatures, high‐voltage resistance, and inhibit short circuits. During cycling, the cathode and anode generate a cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) and a solid–electrolyte interface (SEI), respectively. Applying multitudinous coating approaches can generate multifarious bio‐inspired core–shell structured electrode particles, which is helpful for the generation of the EEIs, self‐healing the surface cracks, and maintaining the structural integrities of electrodes. The protected shells act as barriers to minimize unwanted side reactions and enhance thermal stability. These in‐depth understandings of the bio‐inspired evolution for electrode particles can inspire further enhancements in LIB lifetime and thermal safety, especially for bio‐inspired core–shell structured electrodes possessing high‐performance protective mechanisms.
Mechanisms to support changeability during sustainment: Modularity, excess, and operations
Authors: Singh Aditya , Szajnfarber Zoe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractComplex engineered systems face protracted design cycles and indefinite lifetimes, leading to discrepancies between expected and actual operating conditions. The field of design for changeability has focused on developing strategies to cope with these discrepancies. Literature has implicitly assumed that future changes can be predicted by system designers, but this assumption does not match observed reality. Often, systems must be modified in unexpected ways to maintain value, limiting the usefulness of standard change mechanisms. To understand how unexpected changes are implemented in practice, we studied the C‐130, a setting where one platform performed many missions, and close air support in Desert Storm, a setting where many platforms performed one mission. Through this examination, we find that excess and operator change are key mechanisms for changeability that have been largely ignored by literature. Excess can enable additions to systems without having to remove or swap subsystems out. It is also a critical enabler of modular changes during the operational phase. Operator changes are non‐form changes driven by system users who change how their systems are used to gain new capabilities rather than relying on changes to the form of the system. This paper also studies the relationship between these mechanisms to shed light on how changeability is achieved in practice, building the foundation for future work to study tradeoffs of implementing valuable excess during design.
Instructor recommendations for student learning strategies and metacognition: An analysis of undergraduate biology syllabi
Authors: Ewell Sharday N. , Harvey Alayna , Clark Amanda , Maloney Megan E. , Stevison Laurie S. , Ballen Cissy J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn inequitable distribution of resources and opportunities for marginalized students (i.e., opportunity gaps) leads to challenges in identifying effective study behaviors, metacognition, and academic help‐seeking in higher education. While students benefit when these skills are taught explicitly through co‐curricular workshops and courses, these interventions often require significant time investment from faculty and students, underscoring a need for alternative interventions that provide students with access to resources related to these skills. Course syllabi are one potential resource that can address these needs, and we asked to what extent biology syllabi are used for this purpose. We collected a national sample of introductory biology syllabi and used content analysis to determine if syllabi are learner‐centered and whether they incorporate information on study behaviors, metacognition, and academic help‐seeking. We found that most syllabi are not learner‐centered, encourage ineffective study behaviors, did not include metacognition recommendations, and include incomplete academic help‐seeking recommendations. We make several recommendations on how to incorporate complete, accurate information regarding study behaviors, metacognition, and academic help‐seeking.
Communication skills influence horse owners’ trust in their equine veterinarians
Authors: Rutherford David J. , England Jade T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTrust is an essential component of the relationship between veterinarians and horse owners. To what extent do horse owners consider their vets to be trustworthy, what aspects are important to horse owners when evaluating their vet's trustworthiness and how can equine vets become more trusted?MethodsUsing an anonymous online survey, we asked horse owners whether they consider their veterinarians to be credible, reliable, empathetic and self‐orientated, and therefore trustworthy compared with other professionals. Which of their equine vet's characteristics and behaviours influence how credible, reliable, empathetic and self‐orientated, and therefore trustworthy, they appear? Credibility, reliability, empathy and self‐orientation scores for equine veterinarians, human medical general practitioners (GPs), hairdressers/barbers and dentists were compared using a Kruskal‒Wallis H‐test and post hoc Dunn's test and then combined to create a trustworthiness rating. The importance of various characteristics and behaviours displayed by equine vets when horse owners assess how credible, reliable, empathetic and self‐orientated they appear was investigated using quantitative scoring and thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 415 horse owners completed the survey. Overall, respondents considered equine veterinarians to be significantly more credible, reliable and empathetic than GPs, hairdressers/barbers and dentists. Using the trust equation, equine veterinarians had the highest trustworthiness rating (8.33), followed by hairdressers/barbers and dentists (5.5) and then GPs (4.75).LimitationsOnly the views of a small subset of horse owners are represented. As such, the findings may not be representative of horse owners more generally.ConclusionsVeterinarians' communication skills influence clients' perceptions of their credibility, reliability, empathy and self‐orientation. Additionally, equine veterinarians should develop their clinical skills and knowledge to increase credibility. Meanwhile, perceptions of reliability, empathy and self‐orientation can be improved by continuity of care, demonstrating a clear interest in the patient and avoiding rushed consultations, respectively.
Dendrochronology and Bayesian Radiocarbon Modelling at the Early Neolithic Site of La Draga (Banyoles, NE Spain)
Authors: López-Bultó Oriol , Andreaki Vasiliki , Gassmann Patrick , Barceló Joan Anton , Antolín Ferran , Palomo Antoni , Terradas Xavier , Piqué Raquel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLa Draga (Banyoles, Spain) is one of the most relevant Early Neolithic site in southern Europe and the Mediterranean region, among other reasons, for its excellent preservation of organic archaeological materials in waterlogged conditions. The site corresponds to a lake dwelling of the early farmers in the region. The goal of this paper is to present the current results of the dendrochronological analysis of the piles and horizontal woods and the 14C dates. In order to understand the relation of the wooden piles with the occupation phases documented, a Bayesian model has been built including the stratigraphy, dendrochronological and 14C data; moreover, a wiggle-matching of the dendrochronology and 14C dates of the piles has also been developed. The dendrochronological results show three phases of tree felling, a single main construction event and establish a minimum duration of the wooden constructions at la Draga of 27 years. Radiocarbon dating combined with dendrochronology confirms these results and dates the construction event around 5310 cal BC.
Wetland Dendrochronology: An Overview of Prehistoric Chronologies from the Southwestern Balkans
Authors: Maczkowski Andrej , Bolliger Matthias , Francuz John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the past few decades, a number of prehistoric wetland archaeological sites have been detected in the south-central part of the BalkanPeninsula. However, only a few of them have been excavated. In this study, we discuss the characteristics of the wooden remains and selected tree-ring width chronologies from the archaeological sites of Sovjan, Ploča Mičov Grad and Dispilio. They represent the first prehistoric centennial and multi-centennial tree-ring chronologies from the region, covering various periods of the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and the Bronze Age. The dominant wood species utilised on the sites are members of the genus Quercus, but significant numbers of Juniperus and Pinus were also recovered, in addition to someotherdeciduous species. Through radiocarbon dating and wiggle-matching, we were able to anchor these floating tree-ring chronologies on the calendar scale with high temporal resolution.
Wetland Archaeology in Northern Italy: An Overview
Authors: Baioni Marco , Mangani Claudia , Micheli Roberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNorthern Italy has furnished abundant evidence of the ‘pile-dwelling phenomenon’ which is found throughout the Alpine area. Neolithic pile-dwellings are known for northern Italy starting from the Early Neolithic (Isolino di Varese). However, lake-dwelling villages were most widespread in Northern Italy between about 2000 and 1400 BC, between the Early and Middle Bronze Age, and continued in the Late Bronze Age. At a time when in other Alpine regions pile-dwellings became rarer, in a large part of northern Italian territory they became the main settlementmodel. Pile-dwelling villages spread from western Piedmont to Veneto, from Trentino to the lower Lombardy and Veneto plains, along the banks of lakes, peat bogsand river depressions. The main concentration of pile-dwellingsettlements was in the Varese lakes and around Lake Garda. In recent decades, in part thanks to the introduction of dendrochronology, our knowledge of these sites has deepened. New excavations, scientific analysis and dendrochronology have helped to increase our knowledge of these settlements.