bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced sulphur sources favour HgII reduction during anoxygenic photosynthesis by Heliobacteria
Authors: Lavoie Noémie C. , Grégoire Daniel S. , Stenzler Bejamin R. , Poulain Alexandre J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe consumption of rice has become a global food safety issue because rice paddies support the production of high levels of the potent neurotoxin, methylmercury. The production of methylmercury is carried out by chemotrophic anaerobes that rely on a diversity of terminal electron acceptors, namely sulphate. Sulphur can be a limiting nutrient in rice paddies, and sulphate amendments are often used to stimulate crop production, which can increase methylmercury production. Mercury (Hg) redox cycling can affect Hg methylation by controlling the delivery of inorganic Hg substrates to methylators in anoxic habitats. Whereas sulphur is recognized as a key substrate controlling methylmercury production, the controls sulphur exerts on other microbe‐mediated Hg transformations remain poorly understood. To explore the potential coupling between sulphur assimilation and anaerobic HgII reduction to Hg0, we studied Heliobacillus mobilis, a mesophilic anoxygenic phototroph representative from the Heliobacteriacea family originally isolated from a rice paddy. Here, we tested whether the redox state of the sulphur sources available to H. mobilis would affect its ability to reduce HgII. By comparing Hg0 production over a redox gradient of sulphur sources, we demonstrate that phototrophic HgII reduction is favoured in the presence of reduced sulphur sources such as thiosulphate and cysteine. We also show that cysteine exerts dynamic control on Hg cycling by affecting not only Hg's bioavailability but also its abiotic photoreduction under low light conditions. Specifically, in the absence of cells we show that organic matter (as yeast extract) and cysteine are both required for photoreduction to occur. This study offers insights into how one of the most primitive forms of photosynthesis affects Hg redox transformations and frames Heliobacteria as key players in Hg cycling within paddy soils, forming a basis for management strategies to mitigate Hg accumulation in rice.
Effects of Non‐invasive Brain Stimulation on Headache Intensity and Frequency of Headache Attacks in Patients With Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Feng Yali , Zhang Bingbing , Zhang Jiaqi , Yin Ying 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundNon‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as well as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) electrically stimulate the brain and modify brain activity to suppress pain. This method is emerging as a potential clinical intervention against migraine.ObjectiveTo quantitatively review the efficacy of rTMS and tDCS in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in modifying headache intensity and frequency of headache attacks in patients suffering from migraine.MethodsWe searched 5 databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for articles from January 2000 to September 2018. Any RCT regarding the efficacy on rTMS and tDCS on patients with migraine, was considered to be included. A random effects meta‐analysis was performed to pool effect sizes of outcomes related to headache intensity or frequency of headache attacks. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale.ResultsNine RCTs with 276 participants in total (experimental group [EG] = 149; control group [CG] = 127) were included in this review. Five included articles used rTMS (EG = 81; CG = 80), and 4 used tDCS (EG = 68; CG = 47). Meta‐analysis of excitatory primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation showed significant effects on reducing headache intensity in patients with migraine (Hedges' g = −0.94; 95% CI, −1.28 to −0.59; P < .001, I2 = 18.39%) with a large effect size. Meta‐analysis of excitatory M1 stimulation showed significant effects on reducing frequency of headache attacks in patients with migraine, with a large effect size (Hedges' g = −0.88; 95% CI, −1.38 to −0.38; P = .001, I2 = 57.15%). Excitatory dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation showed a significant effect on the headache intensity in patients with migraine (Hedges' g = −1.14; 95% CI, −2.21 to −0.07; P = .04, I2 = 61.86%) with a large effect size. However, reductions of frequency of headache attacks was not significant.LimitationsPotential differential effects of rTMS and tDCS, various sham methods, and potential overlapping headache disorders among included subjects may affect the estimation of effect sizes.ConclusionExcitatory NIBS of the M1 is likely to reduce headache intensity and the frequency of headache attacks in patients with migraine.
Nosocomial transmission of influenza: A retrospective cross‐sectional study using next generation sequencing at a hospital in England (2012‐2014)
Authors: Blackburn Ruth M. , Frampton Dan , Smith Catherine M. , Fragaszy Ellen B. , Watson Simon J. , Ferns R. Bridget , Binter Špela , Coen Pietro G. , Grant Paul , Shallcross Laura J. , Kozlakidis Zisis , Pillay Deenan , Kellam Paul , Hué Stéphane , Nastouli Eleni , Hayward Andrew C. ,   the ICONIC group
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe extent of transmission of influenza in hospital settings is poorly understood. Next generation sequencing may improve this by providing information on the genetic relatedness of viral strains.ObjectivesWe aimed to apply next generation sequencing to describe transmission in hospital and compare with methods based on routinely‐collected data.MethodsAll influenza samples taken through routine care from patients at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (September 2012 to March 2014) were included. We conducted Illumina sequencing and identified genetic clusters. We compared nosocomial transmission estimates defined using classical methods (based on time from admission to sample) and genetic clustering. We identified pairs of cases with space‐time links and assessed genetic relatedness.ResultsWe sequenced influenza sampled from 214 patients. There were 180 unique genetic strains, 16 (8.8%) of which seeded a new transmission chain. Nosocomial transmission was indicated for 32 (15.0%) cases using the classical definition and 34 (15.8%) based on genetic clustering. Of the 50 patients in a genetic cluster, 11 (22.0%) had known space‐time links with other cases in the same cluster. Genetic distances between pairs of cases with space‐time links were lower than for pairs without spatial links (P < .001).ConclusionsGenetic data confirmed that nosocomial transmission contributes significantly to the hospital burden of influenza and elucidated transmission chains. Prospective next generation sequencing could support outbreak investigations and monitor the impact of infection and control measures.
Longitudinal dissociation and transition in thickness of the His‐Purkinje system cause various QRS waveforms of surface ECG under His bundle pacing: A simulation study based on clinical observations
Authors: Okada Jun‐ichi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Washio Takumi , Sugiura Seiryo , Hisada Toshiaki , Hasumi Eriko , Komuro Issei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsHis bundle pacing (HBP) is a feasible and reliable alternative to conventional right ventricular pacing (RVP), but associated ECG (electrocardiogram) changes have not been well‐studied. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying ECG changes associated with HBP using patient‐specific multiscale heart simulations.MethodsECGs were recorded in two patients who were treated by HBP under a native rhythm and HBP at high and low voltages. We created patient‐specific multiscale simulation heart models of these patients and performed ECG simulation under these conditions. Using these results and detailed information on the electrical field around the pacing lead, we investigated mechanisms underlying the observed ECG changes.ResultsHeart simulations successfully reproduced ECGs under a native rhythm for both cases. In case 1, nonselective HBP produced a left bundle branch (LBB) block pattern, which was reproduced as a selective right bundle branch (RBB) pacing. However, in case 2, ECG under nonselective HBP showed an RBB block pattern, which could not be reproduced by the commonly used framework. Findings on the electrical field and anatomy of the His bundle and its branches suggested that longitudinal dissociation of the His bundle and transition of thickness in the stem of the LBB caused a conduction delay in the RBB to produce these ECG changes in this patient.ConclusionVariations in the anatomy of the His bundle and its branches may underlie the diverse ECG responses to HBP. These variations should be taken into account when performing this therapy.
Helicobacter pylori recrudescence and its influencing factors
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhang Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H pylori) is known as one of the most common infectious pathogens, with high infection and recurrence rates worldwide. The prevalence of H pylori is up to 90% in developing countries, while the annual recurrence rate is much higher than that in developed countries. Recurrence can occur either by recrudescence or reinfection. Compared with reinfection, the time window for recrudescence is generally shorter, followed by the recurrence of H pylori–associated diseases in the short‐term. Many factors are involved in the H pylori reinfection, such as the prevalence of H pylori infection, living conditions and economic development, health conditions and so forth. Previous studies focused less on H pylori recrudescence. Therefore, the influencing factors for H pylori recrudescence needed further exploration. This study reviewed the recrudescence of H pylori infection and its influencing factors.
Power Distance and Physician–Nurse Collegial Relations Across 14 European Countries: National Culture is Not Merely a Nuisance Factor in International Comparative Research
Authors: Bruyneel Luk , Lesaffre Emmanuel , Meuleman Bart , Sermeus Walter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study illustrates the huge untapped potential of quantifying the impact of culture in making meaningful comparisons across groups. Our focus is on cross‐national differences in nurses' reports of their relations with physicians, and how the measurement of this complex construct and the evaluation of true differences are related to dimensions of national culture.DesignWe examine across 14 European countries the association between indices of national culture from the seminal work of Hofstede and 39,435 nurses' ratings of their relations with physicians. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate strong factorial invariance across countries and to examine the influence of power distance and masculinity.FindingsThere was wide variation across countries in nurses' reports of their relations with physicians. Strong factorial invariance was shown for a one‐factor model, which confirmed that across countries the seven survey items measure a common factor of physician‐nurse relations. This model showed no country bias for any of the seven survey items, which suggests that differences across countries reflect true differences. These true differences were significantly associated with variation in country values of power distance, which showed a significant negative correlation with physician–nurse relations.ConclusionsContinuously pursuing a better understanding of characteristics that impact the studied indicators, such as national culture, is elementary to better understand the construct under study. In this application, country values of power distance negatively impacted nurse‐reported relations with physicians, which strongly varied across countries.Clinical RelevanceBetter nurse‐reported relations between nurses and physicians link to higher nurse job satisfaction, lower emotional exhaustion, better nurse‐perceived quality of care, and lower patient mortality. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index is an excellent instrument to characterize variation in working relations between nurses and physicians as well as physicians' professional posture towards nurses.
Palliative care nurses’ strategies when working in private homes—A photo‐elicitation study
Authors: Alvariza Anette , Mjörnberg Maria , Goliath Ida 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore palliative care nurses’ work experiences caring for patients at the end of life in private homes.BackgroundThe home continues to be a desired place for care and dying; however, professional competence is needed and specialist palliative care nurses play a crucial role, often highly valued by patients and their family members. The private home as a physical work environment for nurses is explored, with both positive and negative aspects being described. To ensure future high‐quality end‐of‐life care, there is a need to describe how palliative care nurses work in private homes.DesignInterpretative descriptive.MethodsParticipant‐generated photographs were used in conjunction with follow‐up interviews with ten palliative home care nurses. Interpretive description was used for analysis. This study follows the COREQ checklist.ResultsThe analysis process resulted in four constructed themes, presented here as strategies used by palliative care nurses: adjusting interactions and actions depending on the environment when entering each unique private home; supporting patients and family members in finding a balance between self‐care, independence and safe care; guiding patients and family members towards and through environmental changes supporting end‐of‐life care at home; and using transitions between homes to reflect, recuperate and prepare.ConclusionWorking as a palliative care nurse in private homes clearly requires a variety of skills and competences, here operationalised in different strategies used to promote high‐quality care.Relevance to clinical practicePalliative care nurses’ considerations, insights and competence when performing end‐of‐life care in the diverse environments of private homes can contribute to the development of clinical practice. Knowledge about strategies can be used in nursing practice during everyday work, in nursing education and in the organisation of care, and can inform policy to ensure future high‐quality palliative home care.
Forging Diversity‐Science‐Informed Guidelines for Research on Race and Racism in Psychological Science
Authors: Miller Andrea L. , Stern Chadly , Neville Helen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs race and racism continue to be important subjects of research in psychology, guidelines for scholarship in this domain of inquiry are strongly needed. Drawing from the foundations of previous discussions of diversity science, we propose five principles that can help scholars conduct generative research on race and racism. Specifically, research on race and racism is strengthened when scholars: (1) are mindful of historical patterns of oppression and inequality, (2) adopt a racially diverse team science approach, (3) utilize diverse samples, (4) consider the influence of multiple identity groups on human experience, and (5) promote the translation of knowledge from the laboratory to the field. In outlining our proposed guidelines, we elaborate on why this discussion for research about race and racism is needed at this particular point of the field's history.
Adolescent sleep patterns are associated with the selection of positive and negative emotional situations
Authors: Palmer Cara A. , Alfano Candice A. , Bower Joanne L. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPoor sleep in youth is a risk factor for experiencing increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions, which can contribute to the development of later emotional disorders. Understanding of specific processes that produce sleep‐related alterations in emotion is limited, although preliminary studies suggest changes in the ability to appropriately regulate or control emotions as one mechanism. The current study builds on this research by examining the relationship between adolescent sleep patterns and a previously unexplored emotion regulation strategy: situation selection. Situation selection strategies are implemented prior to the onset of an emotional experience via decisions to approach rewarding/positive situations or avoid unwanted/negative situations. Fifty‐four healthy adolescents (ages 13–17 years) completed 1 week of actigraphy and assessments of situation selection using: (a) trait‐based questionnaires; (b) daily reports; and (c) an experimental lab task where participants were given the option to watch various emotional video clips of their choice. Greater variability in sleep timing was associated with less avoidance of negative emotional situations, and a longer sleep‐onset latency was associated with more avoidance of negative emotional situations. Greater variability in nightly sleep patterns was also associated with decreased tendencies to select positive emotional situations as assessed by trait questionnaires, daily reports, and the lab‐based task, but only for boys. These findings add to a growing body of research on sleep and emotional experience, and provide further support for the importance of intra‐individual variability of sleep patterns in youth.
Stochastic perturbations and fisheries management
Authors: Loisel Patrice 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs most natural resources, fisheries are affected by random disturbances. The evolution of such resources may be modeled by a succession of deterministic process and random perturbations on biomass and/or growth rate at random times. We analyze the impact of the characteristics of the perturbations on the management of natural resources. We highlight the importance of using a dynamic programming approach to completely characterize the optimal solution, we also present the properties of the controlled model and give the behavior of the optimal harvest for specific jump kernels.Recommendations for Resource Managers

In the context of updated biomass, for a centrally disturbed biomass and sufficiently high effort, the optimal harvest increases with biomass jump rate.
In the context of jointly updated biomass and growth rate, for a centrally disturbed biomass and sufficiently high effort, the optimal harvest increases with the biomass jump rate.
In the context of jointly updated biomass and growth rate, for sufficiently high effort the optimal harvest decreases with the growth jump rate.
Improvement of alfalfa forage quality and management through the down‐regulation of MsFTa1
Authors: Lorenzo Christian D. , García‐Gagliardi Pedro , Antonietti Mariana S. , Sánchez‐Lamas Maximiliano , Mancini Estefanía , Dezar Carlos A. , Vazquez Martin , Watson Gerónimo , Yanovsky Marcelo J. , Cerdán Pablo D. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops worldwide. As a perennial, alfalfa is cut several times each year. Farmers face a dilemma: if cut earlier, forage nutritive value is much higher but regrowth is affected and the longevity of the stand is severely compromised. On the other hand, if alfalfa is cut later at full flower, stands persist longer and more biomass may be harvested, but the nutritive value diminishes. Alfalfa is a strict long‐day plant. We reasoned that by manipulating the response to photoperiod, we could delay flowering to improve forage quality and widen each harvesting window, facilitating management. With this aim, we functionally characterized the FLOWERING LOCUS T family of genes, represented by five members: MsFTa1, MsFTa2, MsFTb1, MsFTb2 and MsFTc. The expression of MsFTa1 correlated with photoperiodic flowering and its down‐regulation led to severe delayed flowering. Altogether, with late flowering, low expression of MsFTa1 led to changes in plant architecture resulting in increased leaf to stem biomass ratios and forage digestibility. By manipulating photoperiodic flowering, we were able to improve the quality of alfalfa forage and management, which may allow farmers to cut alfalfa of high nutritive value without compromising stand persistence.
MRI as an alternative to serum ferritin for diagnosis of iron overload in children in the context of immune response after stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wurschi Georg W. , Mentzel Hans‐Joachim , Herrmann Karl‐Heinz , Krumbein Ines , Beck James F. , Reichenbach Juergen R. , Kentouche Karim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMultiple blood cell transfusions may cause iron overload or even liver fibrosis, requiring early diagnosis and intervention. SF is the standard for estimating iron levels in the body, but it also increases with inflammation. We hypothesized that T2* magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry is a more accurate alternative for follow‐up in pediatric patients before and after allogenic SCT. Twenty‐three children (mean age 10.2 years, 10 female, 13 male) were evaluated prospectively before SCT as well as at least 1 year after SCT with T2* relaxometry on a 1.5 T MR‐scanner to estimate liver iron concentrations from the T2* values (“MR‐Fe”). The results were compared with SF, while also considering CRP, and correlated with the number of transfusions. Overall, 24.3 transfusions were administered in average, mainly within 100 days of SCT (mean 10.5 units). Both MR‐Fe and SF increased after SCT and decreased in the absence of new transfusions 1 year later without chelate therapy. This suggests regeneration of LP and iron loss, although the original states were not reached. Additionally, simultaneous peaks of CRP and SF were observed directly after SCT. MR‐Fe did neither reveal these peaks nor was it associated with CRP (P = .39). We postulate that these early CRP and SF peaks after SCT are probably related to inflammatory reactions and not to iron overload. Thus, SF is not reliable for iron overload diagnosis after SCT in every condition. Beside this interaction, SF and MR‐Fe revealed similar accuracy. MRI, however, has practical and economical disadvantages in routine estimation of iron.
How Business Interests and Government Inaction Led to the Humidifier Disinfectant Disaster in South Korea: Implications for Better Risk Governance
Authors: Choi Young Jun , Jeon Mi Sun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHumidifier sterilizers were regarded as innovative and health‐promoting products; they were widespread in South Korea until 2011. However, hospitals reported mysterious deaths, and a legal investigation in April 2016 found that hundreds of people have died due to use of the sterilizing disinfectant. This article takes up that topic, discussing the government's role in dealing with the risk regarding the humidifier disinfectant. We pay particular attention to the unequal nature of the uncertainty produced by the distorted socioeconomic structure. Through in‐depth interviews with key informants and an examination of relevant documents from the government, civic groups, and newspapers, we find that the government had increasingly acknowledged the risk, yet their inaction failed to stop the high number of casualties, and they have only recently responded proactively. The uncertainty of the risk was unevenly distributed between companies, the government, experts, and citizens. We argue that the proactive and transparent role of the government with the precautionary principle could fix the unequal structure of knowledge production and preserve public health.