bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Follow-up of Individuals With Cleft Lip Using Three-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Morioka Daichi , Mandrano Nirina , Fujimoto Hiroki , Koga Yasushi , Sato Nobuhiro , Tosa Yasuyoshi , Ohkubo Fumio , Yoshimoto Shinya 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry for treating cleft lip (CL) has been well documented. However, there are only a few reliable anthropometric analyses in infants with CL because at this age they cannot assume a resting facial position. Since 2014, we have used a handheld 3D imaging system in the operating room to obtain optimal images of infants with CL and palate under general anesthesia. Currently, 168 infants with a unilateral cleft, 50 infants with bilateral clefts, and 47 infants with an isolated cleft palate are being followed up in this way for a maximum of 30 months. Most patients ≥3 years of age are cooperative and allow staff to obtain 3D images without sedation. We plan to follow them until adulthood, obtaining 3D images at every intervention. Each year, >150 infants can be added to this ongoing longitudinal study. Using an archive of these digital images, various retrospective studies can be attempted in the future, which include comparisons of the long-term outcomes of various surgical techniques and interventions at different time intervals. This is the first 2-year preliminary report of a 20-year longitudinal study.
Localization of the Maxillary Ostium in Relation to the Reduction of Depressed Nasomaxillary Fractures
Authors: Hwang Kun , Wu XiaJing , Kim Hun , Kang Young Hye 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the precise location of the maxillary ostium using computed tomography for the reduction of depressed nasomaxillary fractures.
Computed tomography images (61 males, 42 females; age range, 3–97 years) were analyzed. Coronal sections were cut every 3 mm.
The primary maxillary ostium (PMO) was located 24.7% ± 3.9% of bizygomatic distance (BZD) lateral to septum. The horizontal distance of the PMO significantly increased with age (P = 0.032). The PMO was located 53.3% ± 8.0% of nasal length (NL) above superior surface of the palatal bone (SP). The vertical-to-horizontal ratio of the PMO decreased with age (P = 0.013). The PMO was located 30.3 ± 4.3 mm posterior to the tip of nasal bone. The PMO was located 24.6 ± 4.8 mm posterior to the anterior nasal spine (ANS). The ANS-PMO distance significantly increased with age (P = 0.027). The hiatus semilunaris (HS) was located 11.9% ± 3.2% of BZD lateral to septum. The HS was located 62.4% ± 10.3% of NL above SP. The vertical distance of the HS significantly decreased with age (P = 0.019). The accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) was located 14.9% ± 2.8% of BZD lateral to septum. The horizontal distance of the AMO significantly increased with age (P = 0.027). The AMO was located 44.8% ± 6.9% of NL above SP. The vertical distance of the AMO significantly decreased with age (P < 0.001). The vertical-to-horizontal ratio of the AMO decreased with age (P < 0.001).
The distances of the ostium from surgical landmarks measured in this study might be helpful when inserting a small curved elevator into the maxillary ostium in the reduction of medial maxillary fractures.
Facial Defect Reconstruction Using the True Scarless Pre-Expanded Forehead Flap
Authors: Zhu Shan , Liu Yuanbo , Zang Mengqing , Chen Bo , Li Shanshan , Xue Bingjian , Han Tinglu 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
This clinical study describes a reconstructive method for facial soft-tissue defects that uses the pre-expanded forehead flap and minimizes donor site morbidities.

Methods:
The surgery was subdivided into 3 stages. First stage, an appropriately sized expander was buried underneath the forehead. Second stage, after adequate inflation of the expander, a forehead flap based on the frontal branches of the superficial temporal artery was raised, and the distal portion of the flap was used to reconstruct the facial defect. The cutaneous pedicle of the flap was designed near the frontal hairline. Third stage, 3 weeks later, the flap pedicle was divided, and the forehead incisional scar was melted into the neoreconstructed hairline.

Results:
Between July 2010 and December 2016, 16 patients underwent facial defect reconstruction. Etiologies included postburn scar (31%), melanocytic nevus (56%), and hemangioma (13%). The mean size of the defects was 8.78 × 5.06 cm (range, 3 × 2.5 to 15 × 7 cm). The average dimension of the forehead flap was 21.63 × 7.38 cm (range, 12 × 4 to 28 × 10 cm). Fifteen flaps survived without any perfusion-related complications. Venous congestion occurred in 1 flap and gradually subsided without any flap loss. Patients were followed after surgery, ranging from 4 to 48 months. Patients and/or their family members were satisfied with the final aesthetic outcomes.

Conclusion:
Facial defect reconstruction using a pre-expanded forehead flap, with the donor-site incisional scar designed along the hairline, can not only provide sufficient tissue for defect reconstruction, but also maximally reduce donor-site morbidities.
Unilateral Hard Palate Necrosis After Ascending Palatine Artery Embolization
Authors: Alalawi Waleed Abdulhadi , Almajed Emtenan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Embolization is a common treatment modality for refractory epistaxis. Here, the authors reported that the first patient with unilateral necrosis of the mucosa overlying the hard palate developed after embolization of ascending palatine artery. A 46-year-old man with a history of maxillofacial trauma complicated by 2 episodes of significant unilateral epistaxis. Although he did not experience any epistaxis after embolization, unilateral necrosis of the mucosa overlying the hard palate developed gradually 2 weeks after embolization. The necrotic tissue of hard palate was treated by surgical debridement and followed by antibiotic and analgesic.
Office-Based Three-Dimensional Printing Workflow for Craniomaxillofacial Fracture Repair
Authors: Elegbede Adekunle , Diaconu Silviu C. , McNichols Colton H.L. , Seu Michelle , Rasko Yvonne M. , Grant Michael P. , Nam Arthur J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Three-dimensional printing of patient-specific models is being used in various aspects of craniomaxillofacial reconstruction. Printing is typically outsourced to off-site vendors, with the main disadvantages being increased costs and time for production. Office-based 3-dimensional printing has been proposed as a means to reduce costs and delays, but remains largely underused because of the perception among surgeons that it is futuristic, highly technical, and prohibitively expensive. The goal of this report is to demonstrate the feasibility and ease of incorporating in-office 3-dimensional printing into the standard workflow for facial fracture repair.
Patients with complex mandible fractures requiring open repair were identified. Open-source software was used to create virtual 3-dimensional skeletal models of the, initial injury pattern, and then the ideally reduced fractures based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan images. The virtual 3-dimensional skeletal models were then printed in our office using a commercially available 3-dimensional printer and bioplastic filament. The 3-dimensional skeletal models were used as templates to bend and shape titanium plates that were subsequently used for intraoperative fixation.
Average print time was 6 hours. Excluding the 1-time cost of the 3-dimensional printer of $2500, roughly the cost of a single commercially produced model, the average material cost to print 1 model mandible was $4.30. Postoperative CT imaging demonstrated precise, predicted reduction in all patients.
Office-based 3-dimensional printing of skeletal models can be routinely used in repair of facial fractures in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
Suture Fixation of Globe to the Orbital Wall for Complicated Strabismus
Authors: Yan Jianhua , Wen Yun , Wang Zhonghao 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to observe the surgical outcomes of suture globe fixation to the orbital wall for patients with complicated strabismus.

Materials and Methods:
The medical records of patients with complicated strabismus who were treated at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, from January 2010 to June 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Routine strabismus surgery was not possible in these cases. Eyes were anchored to the orbital wall by simple strong anastomosis of the extraocular muscle and orbital wall tissues using silk suture, which resulted in slight overcorrection of the ultimate ocular position after anchoring.

Results:
Eight patients with complicated strabismus received suture globe fixation to the orbital wall in our hospital, including 4 cases of strabismus that occurred after severe orbital injury and/or fracture repair, 2 cases of medial rectus rupture after endoscopic sinus surgery, 1 case of complete third nerve palsy, and 1 case of complete sixth nerve palsy. Five patients were male and 3 female, with age ranging from 20.0 to 57.0 years (mean = 38.1 years). The right eyes were involved in 7 cases and the left in 1 case. Five cases underwent globe fixation to the medial orbital wall, 2 cases to the lateral orbital wall, and 1 case to the inferior orbital wall. After at least 6 months follow-up, preoperative horizontal deviation of 60.625 ± 27.443 prism diopter (PD) (mean ± standard deviation) was reduced to 16.250 ± 12.464 PD. The vertical deviation was reduced from 15.000 ± 12.313 PD to 7.5 ± 5.244 PD. Two patients achieved orthophoria, and although the remaining 6 patients showed some residual strabismus (undercorrection), their appearance was significantly improved. No other surgical complications occurred in these cases.

Conclusion:
Suture fixation of the globe to the orbital wall by flesh-to-flesh anastomosis of the extraocular muscle and orbital wall tissues achieved a desirable surgical result for complicated strabismus.
Prehospital airway procedures performed in trauma patients by ground forces in Afghanistan
Authors: Blackburn Megan B. , April Michael D. , Brown Derek J. , DeLorenzo Robert A. , Ryan Kathy L. , Blackburn August N. , Schauer Steven G. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND
Airway management is of critical importance in combat trauma patients. Airway compromise is the second leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield and accounts for approximately 1 in 10 preventable deaths. Reports from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars indicate 4% to 7% incidence of airway interventions on casualties transported to combat hospitals. The goal of this study was to describe airway management in the prehospital combat setting and document airway devices used on the battlefield.

METHODS
This study is a retrospective review of casualties that required a prehospital lifesaving airway intervention during combat operations in Afghanistan. We obtained data from the Prehospital Trauma Registry that was linked to the Department of Defense Trauma Registry for outcome data for the time period between January 2013 and September 2014.

RESULTS
Seven hundred five total trauma patients were included, 16.9% required a prehospital airway management procedure. There were 132 total airway procedures performed, including 83 (63.4%) endotracheal intubations and 26 (19.8%) nasopharyngeal airway placements. Combat medics were involved in 48 (36.4%) of airway cases and medical officers in 73 (55.3%). Most (94.2%) patients underwent airway procedures due to battle injuries caused by explosion or gunshot wounds. Casualties requiring airway management were more severely injured and less likely to survive as indicated by Injury Severity Score, responsiveness level, Glascow Coma Scale, and outcome.

CONCLUSION
Percentages of airway interventions more than tripled from previous reports from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. These changes are significant, and further study is needed to determine the causes. Casualties requiring airway interventions sustained more severe injuries and experienced lower survival than patients who did not undergo an airway procedure, findings suggested in previous reports.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiological study, level III.
Whole genome sequencing reveals the emergence of aPseudomonas aeruginosashared strain sub-lineage among patients treated within a single cystic fibrosis centre
Authors: Wee Bryan A. , Tai Anna S. , Sherrard Laura J. , Ben Zakour Nouri L. , Hanks Kirt R. , Kidd Timothy J. , Ramsay Kay A. , Lamont Iain , Whiley David M. , Bell Scott C. , Beatson Scott A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic lung infections byPseudomonas aeruginosaare a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). SharedP. aeruginosastrains, that can be transmitted between patients, are of concern and in Australia the AUST-02 shared strain is predominant in individuals attending CF centres in Queensland and Western Australia. M3L7 is a multidrug resistant sub-type of AUST-02 that was recently identified in a Queensland CF centre and was shown to be associated with poorer clinical outcomes. The main aim of this study was to resolve the relationship of the emergent M3L7 sub-type within the AUST-02 group of strains using whole genome sequencing.ResultsA whole-genome core phylogeny of 63 isolates indicated that M3L7 is a monophyletic sub-lineage within the context of the broader AUST-02 group. Relatively short branch lengths connected all of the M3L7 isolates. A phylogeny based on nucleotide polymorphisms present across the genome showed that the chronological estimation of the most recent common ancestor was around 2001 (± 3 years). SNP differences between sequential M3L7 isolates collected 3-4 years apart from five patients suggested both continuous infection of the same strain and cross-infection of some M3L7 variants between patients. The majority of polymorphisms that were characteristic of M3L7 (i.e. acquired after divergence from all other AUST-02 isolates sequenced) were found to produce non-synonymous mutations in virulence and antibiotic resistance genes.ConclusionsM3L7 has recently diverged from a common ancestor indicating descent from a single carrier at a CF treatment centre in Australia. Both adaptation to the lung and transmission of M3L7 between adults attending this centre may have contributed to its rapid dissemination. The study emphasises the importance of clinical management in controlling the emergence of shared strains in CF.
Weakly-bound Dimers that Underlie the Crystal Nucleation Precursors in Lysozyme Solutions
Authors: Byington M.C. , Safari M.S. , Lubchenko V. , McCabe J.W. , Angel L.A. , Hawke D.H. , Bark S.J. , Conrad J.C. , Vekilov P.G. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTProtein crystallization is central to understanding of molecular structure in biology, a vital part of processes in the pharmaceutical industry, and a crucial component of numerous disease pathologies. Crystallization starts with nucleation and how nucleation proceeds determines the crystallization rate and essential properties of the resulting crystal population. Recent results with several proteins indicate that crystals nucleate within preformed mesoscopic protein-rich clusters. The origin of the mesoscopic clusters is poorly understood. In the case of lysozyme, a common model of protein biophysics, earlier findings suggest that clusters exist owing to the dynamics of formation and decay of weakly-bound transient dimers. Here we present evidence of a weakly bound lysozyme dimer in solutions of this protein. We employ two electrospray mass spectrometry techniques, a combined ion mobility separation mass spectrometry and a high-resolution implementation. To enhance the weak but statistically-significant dimer signal we develop a method based on the residuals between the maxima of the isotope peaks in Fourier space and their Gaussian envelope. We demonstrate that these procedures sensitively detect the presence of a non-covalently bound dimer and distinguish its signal from other polypeptides, noise, and sampling artefacts. These findings contribute essential elements of the crystal nucleation mechanism of lysozyme and other proteins and suggest pathways to control nucleation and crystallization by enhancing or suppressing weak oligomerization.
A fluorescence correlation spectrometer for measurements in cuvettes
Authors: Sahoo B , Sil TB , Karmakar B , Garai K 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTWe have developed a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) setup for performing single molecule measurements on samples inside regular cuvettes. We built this by using an Extra Long Working Distance (ELWD), 0.7 NA, air objective with working distance > 1.8 mm. We have achieved counts per molecule > 44 kHz, diffusion time < 64 μs for rhodamine B in aqueous buffer and a confocal volume < 2 fl. The cuvette-FCS can be used for measurements over a wide range of temperature that is beyond the range permitted in the microscope-based FCS. Finally, we demonstrate that cuvette-FCS can be coupled to automatic titrators to study urea dependent unfolding of proteins with unprecedented accuracy. The ease of use and compatibility with various accessories will enable applications of cuvette-FCS in the experiments that are regularly performed in fluorimeters but are generally avoided in microscope-based FCS.
A theoretical high-density nanoscopy study leads to the design of UNLOC, an unsupervised algorithm
Authors: Mailfert Sébastien , Touvier Jérôme , Benyoussef Lamia , Fabre Roxane , Rabaoui Asma , Blache Marie-Claire , Hamon Yannick , Brustlein Sophie , Monneret Serge , Marguet Didier , Bertaux Nicolas 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAmong the superresolution microscopy techniques, the ones based on serially imaging sparse fluorescent particles enable the reconstruction of high-resolution images by localizing single molecules. Although challenging, single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) methods aim at listing the position of individual molecules leading a proper quantification of the stoichiometry and spatial organization of molecular actors. However, reaching the precision requested to localize accurately single molecules is mainly constrained by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but also the density (Dframe), i.e., the number of fluorescent particles per μm2per frame. Of central interest, we establish here a comprehensive theoretical study relying on both SNR andDframeto delineate the achievable limits for accurate SMLM observations. We demonstrate that, for low-density hypothesis (i.e. one-Gaussian fitting hypothesis), any fluorescent particle biases the localization of a particle of interest when they are distant by less than ≈ 600 nm. Unexpectedly, we also report that even dim fluorescent particles should be taken into account to ascertain unbiased localization of any surrounding particles. Therefore, increasedDframequickly deteriorates the localization precision, the image reconstruction and more generally the quantification accuracy. The first outcome is a standardized density-SNR space diagram to determine the achievable SMLM resolution expected with experimental data. Additionally, this study leads to the identification of the essential requirements for implementing UNLOC (UNsupervised particle LOCalization), an unsupervised and fast computing algorithm approaching the Cramér-Rao bound for particles at high-density per frame and without any prior on their intensity. UNLOC is available as an ImageJ plugin.
Developmental origin and morphogenesis of the diaphragm, an essential mammalian muscle
Authors: Sefton Elizabeth M , Gallardo Mirialys , Kardon Gabrielle 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe diaphragm is a mammalian skeletal muscle essential for respiration and for separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Development of the diaphragm requires the coordinated development of muscle, muscle connective tissue, tendon, nerves, and vasculature that derive from different embryonic sources. However, defects in diaphragm development are common and the cause of an often deadly birth defect, Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). Here we comprehensively describe the normal developmental origin and complex spatial-temporal relationship between the different developing tissues to form a functional diaphragm using a developmental series of mouse embryos genetically and immunofluorescently labeled and analyzed in whole mount. We find that the earliest developmental events are the emigration of muscle progenitors from cervical somites followed by the projection of phrenic nerve axons from the cervical neural tube. Muscle progenitors and phrenic nerve target the pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs), transient pyramidal-shaped structures that form between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Subsequently, the PPFs expand across the surface of the liver to give rise to the muscle connective tissue and central tendon, and the leading edge of their expansion precedes muscle morphogenesis, formation of the vascular network, and outgrowth and branching of the phrenic nerve. Thus development and morphogenesis of the PPFs is critical for diaphragm formation. In addition, our data indicate that the earliest events in diaphragm development are critical for the etiology of CDH and instrumental to the evolution of the diaphragm. CDH initiates prior to E12.5 in mouse and suggests that defects in the early PPF formation or their ability to recruit muscle are an important source of CDH. Also, the recruitment of muscle progenitors from cervical somites to the nascent PPFs is uniquely mammalian and a key developmental innovation essential for the evolution of the muscularized diaphragm.HighlightsDiaphragm development begins with emigration of muscle progenitors from cervical somites.Phrenic nerve axons follow muscle path towards nascent pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs).PPFs are the target of muscle migration and phrenic nerve axon projectionPPF expansion precedes and likely directs muscle, nerve, and vasculature development.Early defects in PPFs and muscle recruitment are likely a source of CDH.
A network for computing value homeostasis in the human medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Juechems Keno , Balaguer Jan , Castañón Santiago Herce , Ruz María , O’Reilly Jill X. , Summerfield Christopher 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHumans and other animals make decisions in order to satisfy their goals. However, it remains unknown how neural circuits compute which of multiple possible goals should be pursued (e.g. when balancing hunger and thirst) and combine these signals with estimates of available reward alternatives. Here, humans undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) accumulated two distinct assets over a sequence of trials. Financial outcomes depended on the minimum cumulate of either asset, creating a need to maintain “value homeostasis” by redressing any imbalance among the assets. BOLD signals in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) tracked the level of homeostatic imbalance among goals, whereas the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) signalled the level of homeostatic redress incurred by a choice, rather than the overall amount received. These results suggest that a network of medial frontal brain regions compute a value signal that maintains homeostatic balance among internal goals.