bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Covid-19 on Early Childhood Education in Botswana
Authors: Mokibelo Eureka Baneka 
Published: November 2024

This paper examined the impact of COVID-19 on the Botswana public Early Childhood Education Programme during the pandemic in the period of 2019 - 2022. COVID-19 impacted various sectors of Botswana, the education sector included. However, the education system was not adequately prepared to cater for young learners’ education and therefore this had serious consequences on the lower levels of learning. The study adopted the qualitative approach and used the chaotic theory to guide the line of argument in the paper. Data were collected using open-ended questionnaires, structured interviews, focus group discussions and observation of outside equipment. The findings indicated a backlog of pupils entering the Early Childhood Education programme and Standard One after the Covid-19 pandemic. Standard One accepted learners of different competencies and parents refused to send their students back to school after re-opening because of fear of reinfection. The paper concludes that the Ministry of Education, like other levels of education, could have put something in place for ECE learners to keep on learning at home during the pandemic after three years of suspending teaching and learning
Perbandingan Konsep Lingkungan Pendidikan menurut Ibnu Khaldun dan Hassan Hanafi
Authors: Akbar Nurul , Alwizar Alwizar , Hulawa Djeprin E 
Published: November 2024

Ibnu Khaldun dan Hassan Hanafi adalah dua filosof dan pemikir Islam. Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun yang mengalami percampuran pemikiran antara al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Rusyd membuatnya mempunyai pemikiran baru yaitu rasionalisti-sufistik. Dalam pemikiran tersebut Ibnu Khaldun secara proporsional mendudukan wahyu sama atau setara dengan rasio. Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun yang tertuang dalam kitabnya, yaitu Muqaddimah banyak menjadi sumber orang-orang dalam menetapkan sistem pendidikan Islam yang ideal. Pemikiran Hassan Hanafi lebih berorientasi pada reformasi dan perubahan sosial melalui pendidikan. Tujuan Pendidikan menurut Ibnu Khaldun yaitu mengintegrasikan individu ke dalam masyarakat yang sudah ada, dan tujuan pendidikan menurut Hassan Hanafi ialah Mengubah struktur masyarakat yang ada.
Kata kunci : Ibnu Khaldun, Hassan Hanafi, Perbandingan konsep pendidikan
Особенности префиксации в современном немецком языке
Authors: А.Н. Беляев 
Published: November 2024

В настоящей статье затрагивается комплекс весьма различных проблем, которые связаны с особенностями префиксации в современном немецком языке. Разграничиваются семантические и прагматические аспекты словообразования производных слов. Показана роль свободных и связанных морфем в аффиксальном словообразовании. Ставится вопрос об интуитивном распознавании говорящими аффиксов и словоформ. Анализируется семантическая структура глаголов движения. Выявлено, что немецкие отделяемые приставки представлены в языке не только аффиксами, но и знаменательными словами. Делается вывод о том, что префиксация должна рассматриваться не только со структурной, семантической, но и с фонологической точек зрения.
This article touches on a complex of very different problems that are associated with the peculiarities of prefixation in the modern German language. The author distinguishes between semantic and pragmatic aspects of word formation of derivative words. The role of free and bound morphemes in affix word formation is shown. The article raises the question of speakers' intuitive recognition of affixes and word forms, and analyzes the semantic structure of verbs of motion. It was revealed that German separable prefixes are represented in the language not only by affixes, but also by significant words. It is concluded that prefixation should be considered not only from a structural, semantic, but also from a phonological point of view.
Структура «топик — комментарий» как основа для актуализации в речи двухкомпонентного высказывания
Authors: К.А. Клочко 
Published: November 2024

В настоящей статье двухкомпонентное высказывание рассматривается как форма реализации в речи структуры «топик — комментарий», где два элемента представляют собой выражение предмета и его предикативного признака. Структура «топик — комментарий» представляет собой схему позиций и является наиболее архаичной формой выражения предикативности. Дальнейшее исследование необходимо проводить с учетом особенностей структуры «топик — комментарий», что позволит изучить некоторые аспекты текстопорождения и обучения иностранному языку.
In the given article bi-component utterances are tackled as a special form of realization of a “topic-comment” structure in speech. The notions of “topic” and “comment” are not equal to “theme” and “rheme”. They are a scheme of positions where the former is the reference area. The structure is the most archaic form of predication. Further research in this field can be performed only taking into account the peculiarities of this structure to study some aspects of text-production and teaching foreign languages.
Поликодовость образовательного интернет-дискурса (на материале переписки преподавателей и студентов в социальных сетях)
Authors: О.М. Силкина , Д.С. Гудкова 
Published: November 2024

На сегодняшний день коммуникация в образовательной среде нередко осуществляется посредством сети Интернет, однако образовательный интернет-дискурс до сих пор остается изученным не до конца. Целью данной статьи является исследование проявлений поликодовости образовательного интернет-дискурса в зависимости от статуса коммуникантов. В работе уточняется понятие поликодовости и рассматриваются ее формы. Приводятся результаты группового научно-исследовательского студенческого проекта на базе кафедры лингвистики и перевода Южно-Уральского государственного университета (национально-исследовательского университета). Изучаются формы поликодовости и частота их использования студентами и преподавателями в переписке в социальных сетях в рамках образовательного дискурса. Анализируется использование аудиального (голосовые сообщения) и визуального (эмотиконы, макросы, стикеры) каналов передачи данных, при этом делается вывод о значительном преобладании визуального канала вне зависимости от статуса коммуниканта. Полученные статистические данные позволяют предположить, что собеседники, имеющие одинаковые социальные роли, чаще и вариативнее обращаются к невербальным средствам в интернет-коммуникации по учебным вопросам. При общении собеседников разного статуса подход к выбору невербальных средств оказывается более обдуманным, отмечается использование графических изображений с целью проявления вежливости.
Nowadays communication in the educational environment is often carried out via the Internet, but an educational Internet discourse has not yet been fully studied. The purpose of this article is to study the manifestations of multimodal nature of educational Internet discourse depending on the status of the communicants. The work clarifies the concept of multimodality and examines its forms. The results of the students’ research project held at the Department of Linguistics and Translation of the South Ural State University (National Research University) are presented. The forms of multimodality and the frequency of their usage both by students and teachers in their communication for educational purposes have been studied. The use of auditory (voice messages) and visual (emoticons, macros, stickers) multimodal elements is analyzed, and a conclusion is made about the significant predominance of the visual forms regardless the communicant’s status. The obtained statistics suggests that the interlocutors who have the same social roles use nonverbal means more often and more variably in the Internet communication on educational issues. When the communication takes place between the interlocutors of different statuses, the approach to the choice of non-verbal means turns out to be more deliberate and the usage of graphic images is noted mainly for the purpose of showing politeness.
Lexical verbs hedging in Chinese linguistic academic writing
Authors: H. Hao 
Published: November 2024

The goal of this research is to investigate the challenges faced by Chinese master novices regarding hedging in academic writing. A comparative analysis was conducted on the usage of lexical verbs hedging in academic writings between novices and experts. The results indicate that novices demonstrate proficiency similar to experts in expressing viewpoints and quoting findings. However, they frequently exhibit reluctance in utilizing speculative verbs and encounter difficulties in grasping the negative evaluative nuances of quotative verbs, as well as lacking proficiency in the interpersonal function of sensorial verbs. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the nuances involved in hedging strategies in academic writing, shedding light on areas where novices may require further support and guidance.
Целью данного исследования является описание затруднений, с которыми сталкиваются китайские студенты-магистранты в процессе хеджирования в научном письменном тексте. Проведен сравнительный анализ употребления глаголов хеджирования в научных трудах студентов-магистрантов и лингвистов-экспертов. Результаты показывают, что студенты-магистранты демонстрируют навыки, аналогичные лингвистам-экспертам, в выражении точек зрения, в цитировании, в выводах. Однако студенты часто проявляют нежелание использовать глаголы с семантикой предположения и сталкиваются с трудностями в понимании негативных оценочных коннотаций, выражаемых глаголами в цитированиях, а также не владеют глаголами сенсорного восприятия в межличностной коммуникации. Исследование способствует более глубокому пониманию оттенков смыслов, связанных со стратегиями хеджирования в научном письменном тексте, и определению аспектов, в которых магистрантам требуется консультативная помощь.
Estudo dos Efeitos Tóxicos de Medicamentos Antimicrobianos em Neonatais e Lactentes: um Estudo de Revisāo
Authors: Negreiros Deborah Gomes , Santos Viviane Marinho dos 
Published: November 2024

Introdução: Este estudo tem como objetivo abordar os efeitos tóxicos de medicamentos antimicrobianos e substâncias químicas em neonatais e lactentes a partir de uma revisão de literatura, a fim de analisar os efeitos metabólicos dos antibióticos em recém-nascidos, destacando as consequências aos RN e lactentes da toxicidade de medicamentos e abordando mecanismos para reverter quadros de toxicidade por medicamentos neste público-alvo. Desenvolvimento: A pesquisa foi delimitada em artigos de medicina e saúde dos últimos seis anos. A coleta ocorreu em obras publicadas entre janeiro de 2019 e outubro de 2024. O presente estudo se concentrou em analisar os efeitos metabólicos dos antibióticos em recém-nascidos, destacar as consequências aos RN e lactentes da toxicidade de medicamentos e abordar mecanismos para reverter quadros de toxicidade por medicamentos em RN e lactentes. Metodologia: A busca destes arquivos ocorreu por meio de periódicos multidisciplinares e revistas específicos da área da saúde, como: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Medline, Scientific Electronic Library Online – SciELO e Scopus. As demais delimitações de coleta e análise de dados é especificada na secção metodológica deste artigo. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados neste estudo destacam que a sepse que se manifesta antes de 28 dias depois do nascimento é conhecida como sepse neonatal. A sepse neonatal pode ser classificada como sepse de início precoce ou sepse de início tardio, dependendo do momento em que se manifesta. A diferença mais reconhecida entre esses dois subgrupos é o que acontece antes ou depois de 72 horas após o nascimento, embora existam outras definições, como 48 horas e sete dias após o nascimento. Assim, durante a fase neonatal, a sepse pode levar a diversas complicações, incluindo falência múltipla de órgãos, hemorragia cerebral, leucomalácia periventricular, meningite e síndrome do desconforto respiratório. Nos sobreviventes, a sepse está ligada a morbidades severas a longo prazo, tais como paralisia cerebral, retardo cognitivo e psicomotor, limitações auditivas e visuais, além de displasia broncopulmonar. Portanto, se visa a urgência de um uso mais criterioso de antibióticos em todas as faixas etárias dentro desta população.
Damping of Strong GHz Waves near Magnetars and the Origin of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Beloborodov Andrei M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate how a fast radio burst (FRB) emitted near a magnetar would propagate through its surrounding dipole magnetosphere at radii r = 107–109 cm. First, we show that a GHz burst emitted in the O-mode with luminosity L ≫ 1040 erg s−1 is immediately damped for all propagation directions except a narrow cone along the magnetic axis. Then, we examine bursts in the X-mode. GHz waves propagating near the magnetic equator behave as magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves if they have L ≫ 1040 erg s−1. The waves develop plasma shocks in each oscillation and dissipate at

r
∼
3
×

10

8

L

42

−
1

/

4

cm. Waves with lower L or propagation directions closer to the magnetic axis do not obey MHD. Instead, they interact with individual particles and require a kinetic description. The kinetic interaction quickly accelerates particles to Lorentz factors 104–105 at the expense of the wave energy, which again results in strong damping of the wave. In either propagation regime, MHD or kinetic, the dipole magnetosphere surrounding the FRB source acts as a pillow absorbing the radio burst and reradiating the absorbed energy in X-rays. These results constrain the origin of observed FRBs. We argue that the observed FRBs avoid damping because they are emitted by relativistic outflows from magnetospheric explosions, so that the GHz waves do not need to propagate through the outer equilibrium magnetosphere surrounding the magnetar.
Embedded Young Stellar Objects near H72.97-69.39: A Forming Super Star Cluster in N79
Authors: Nayak Omnarayani , Nally Conor , Hirschauer Alec S. , Jones Olivia C. , Jaspers Jeroen , Lenkić Laura , Meixner Margaret , Habel Nolan , Reiter Megan , Chu Laurie , Kavanagh Patrick J. , Robberto Massimo , Sargent B. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present 102 embedded young stellar object (YSO) candidates associated with the H72.97-69.39 super star cluster (SSC) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). With the use of the James Webb Space Telescope Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) imaging mode, we utilize an F770W – F1000W versus F1000W color–magnitude diagram to select 70 YSO candidates. An additional 27 YSO candidates are selected based on model fitting using the four MIRI imaging filters employed for this study (F770W, F1000W, F1500W, and F2100W). The central region of H72.97-69.39 is saturated in MIRI imaging, however it is covered by observations made with the Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS), leading to the identification of five additional massive YSOs. The total star formation rate inferred based on the 102 YSO candidates is 0.02 M
⊙ yr−1, similar to other high-mass star-forming regions in the LMC which have undergone several generations of starburst events. Due to its young age, however, H72.97-69.39's stellar production rate is expected to increase. The central five YSOs identified with MRS have masses ranging from 21.1 to 40.3 M
⊙ and total luminosity over 106
L
⊙, making H72.97-69.39 a very compact and luminous star-forming region similar to other known SSCs. We theorize that the central five massive YSOs were formed via filamentary collision, while other YSO candidates of varying masses were triggered by wind, radiation, and expanding H ii shells based on their spatial distribution.
Thread Displacement and Intensity Oscillations in a Quiescent Prominence
Authors: Song Yuxiang , Ning Zongjun , Li Dong , Shi Fanpeng , Xu Jun , Yang Yuzhi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the thread displacement and intensity oscillations in a quiescent prominence observed by New Vacuum Solar Telescope at the Hα line center on 2019 October 31. Each individual thread is traced by the local maximum intensity among its width at various times. In total, 35 threads are detected at six heights parallel to the solar surface. We find 29/35 threads exhibiting the displacement oscillation. A sinusoidal function is used to fit them, and a mean period of 26 minutes is identified. By slicing the same thread at different positions, we find that the oscillation of the thread is very likely a standing wave, but it could also be a long-wavelength propagating wave. After integrating the intensity along the thread width, we also find 8/35 threads presenting their intensity oscillation with a mean period of 7.7 minutes. In total, 7/35 threads exhibit both the displacement and the intensity oscillations.
Cosmic-Ray Flux Correlation between MCMU and JBGO Neutron Monitors
Authors: Kittiya A. , Nuntiyakul W. , Seripienlert A. , Madlee S. , Sonsrettee W. , Evenson P. , Ruffolo D. , Sáiz A. , Oh S. , Jung J. , Shi Q. Q. , Wang S. , Han C. Y. , Zhai L. M. , Munakata K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Neutron monitors (NMs) are large ground-based detectors of atmospheric secondary particles, mostly neutrons, from primary cosmic rays. Their sky direction and rigidity imply a well-defined incoming (asymptotic) direction in space. From 2015 December 16 to 2017 January 8, 6 of the 18 NM counters had been transferred from McMurdo to Jang Bogo, both in Antarctica, so data from similar detectors were recorded simultaneously at these two nearby NM stations. Autocorrelations of these NM count rates are well fit as the sum of three components: an exponential function and a cosine with a period of 1 day, both centered at zero lag, plus a constant. Fitting the cross correlation of the two count rates, the functions are no longer centered at zero lag. The best-fit cosine phase is at time lag −160.22 ± 0.12 minutes. Calculating cosmic-ray trajectories in Earth's magnetic field throughout the time interval, the mean difference in response-weighted asymptotic longitudes corresponds to time lag −169.41 ± 0.31 minutes, in close agreement with the observed lag. Thus, the cosine term is consistent with and provides a technique to cleanly measure the cosmic-ray anisotropy. In contrast, the peak term shows a time lag of –14.55 minutes, much closer to the –9.60 minutes lag in rotation due to the difference in geographic longitude. We find a similar behavior in the correlations between other pairs of stations. We propose that rapid fluctuations in the counting rate may be primarily due to cosmic-ray particles of very high energy.
Inspect the Time Lag in Galactic Cosmic-Ray Solar Modulation
Authors: Song Xiaojian , Luo Xi , Wang Zhaomin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is well known that there is a time lag between the solar activity and the galactic cosmic-ray flux. How to accurately describe this delay is the key problem in making precise predictions of cosmic-ray flux. In this work, a response function in convolution is first used to describe the relative contribution of the solar wind blowout at earlier times to the current flux (the origin of time lag), and its explicit profile is obtained by our 3D time-dependent numerical model. It is found that our response function is superior to other functions in accounting for the time lag effect, and its rigidity and physical process dependence are studied thoroughly. At last, this description is partly demonstrated by a simplified derivation based on the underling physical processes.
Machine Learning–based Search of High-redshift Quasars
Authors: Ye 叶 Guangping 广平 , Zhang 张 Huanian 华年 , Wu 吴 Qingwen 庆文 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a machine learning search for high-redshift (5.0 < z < 6.5) quasars using the combined photometric data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Imaging Legacy Surveys and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer survey. We explore the imputation of missing values for high-redshift quasars, discuss the feature selections, compare different machine learning algorithms, and investigate the selections of class ensemble for the training sample, then we find that the random forest model is very effective in separating the high-redshift quasars from various contaminators. The 11 class random forest model can achieve a precision of 96.43% and a recall of 91.53% for high-redshift quasars for the test set. We demonstrate that the completeness of the high-redshift quasars can reach as high as 82.20%. The final catalog consists of 216,949 high-redshift quasar candidates with 476 high probable ones in the entire Legacy Surveys DR9 footprint, and we make the catalog publicly available. Using Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and DESI early data release (EDR) public spectra, we find that 14 true high-redshift quasars (11 in the training sample) out of 21 candidates are correctly identified for MUSE, and 20 true high-redshift quasars (11 in the training sample) out of 21 candidates are correctly identified for DESI-EDR. Additionally, we estimate photometric redshift for the high-redshift quasar candidates using a random forest regression model with a high precision.
UVCANDELS: Catalogs of Photometric Redshifts and Galaxy Physical Properties
Authors: Mehta Vihang , Rafelski Marc , Sunnquist Ben , Teplitz Harry I. , Scarlata Claudia , Wang Xin , Fontana Adriano , Hathi Nimish P. , Iyer Kartheik G. , Alavi Anahita , Colbert James , Grogin Norman , Koekemoer Anton , Nedkova Kalina V. , Hayes Matthew , Prichard Laura , Siana Brian , Smith Brent M. , Windhorst Rogier , Ashcraft Teresa , Bagley Micaela , Baronchelli Ivano , Barro Guillermo , Blanche Alex , Broussard Adam , Carleton Timothy , Chartab Nima , Codoreanu Alex , Cohen Seth , Conselice Christopher , Dai Y. Sophia , Darvish Behnam , Davé Romeel , DeGroot Laura , De Mello Duilia , Dickinson Mark , Emami Najmeh , Ferguson Henry , Ferreira Leonardo , Finkelstein Keely , Finkelstein Steven , Gardner Jonathan P. , Gawiser Eric , Gburek Timothy , Giavalisco Mauro , Grazian Andrea , Gronwall Caryl , Guo Yicheng , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Hemmati Shoubaneh , Howell Justin , Jansen Rolf A. , Ji Zhiyuan , Kaviraj Sugata , Kim Keunho J. , Kurczynski Peter , Lazar Ilin , Lucas Ray A. , MacKenty John , Mantha Kameswara Bharadwaj , Martin Alec , Martin Garreth , McCabe Tyler , Mobasher Bahram , Morales Alexa M. , O’Connell Robert , Olsen Charlotte , Otteson Lillian , Ravindranath Swara , Redshaw Caleb , Rutkowski Michael , Robertson Brant , Sattari Zahra , Soto Emmaris , Sun Lei , Taamoli Sina , Vanzella Eros , Yung L. Y. Aaron , Zabelle Bonnabelle ,   The UVCANDELS Team
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The UltraViolet imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Fields (UVCANDELS) program provides deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) F275W and F435W imaging over four CANDELS fields (GOODS-N, GOODS-S, COSMOS, and Extended Groth Strip). We combine this newly acquired UV imaging with existing HST imaging from CANDELS as well as existing ancillary data to obtain robust photometric redshifts and reliable estimates for galaxy physical properties for over 150,000 galaxies in the ∼430 arcmin2 UVCANDELS area. Here, we leverage the power of the new UV photometry to not only improve the photometric redshift measurements in these fields, but also constrain the full redshift probability distribution combining multiple redshift-fitting tools. Furthermore, using the full UV-to-IR photometric data set, we measure the galaxy physical properties by fitting templates from population synthesis models with two different parameterizations (flexible and fixed form) of the star formation histories (SFHs). Compared to the flexible SFH parameterization, we find that the fixed-form SFHs systematically underestimate the galaxy stellar masses, both at the low-mass (≲109
M
⊙) and high-mass (≳1010
M
⊙) end, by as much as ∼0.5 dex. This underestimation is primarily due the limited ability of fixed-form SFH parameterization to simultaneously capture the chaotic nature of star formation in these galaxies.