bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gehirn und Geist am Computer trainieren?
Authors: Spitzer Manfred 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungImmer wieder findet man die Behauptung, dass Video-und Computerspiele dazu geeignet seien, das Gehirn bzw. geistige Leistungen zu trainieren. Hierzu wird eigens programmierte Software verkauft oder es werden käufliche Spiele, die nicht zum Training programmiert sind, auf entsprechende Auswirkungen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zwar die jeweils bearbeitete Aufgabe besser/schneller bearbeitet wird, diese Fähigkeit jedoch nicht auf andere Fähigkeiten generalisiert. Die vermeintlichen positiven Auswirkungen von (zu Unterhaltungszwecken produzierten) Computerspielen halten einer genaueren Betrachtung nicht stand und entpuppen sich u. a. als Fehlinterpretationen der (zu erwartenden) höheren Ablenkbarkeit. Die Möglichkeiten der modernen Gehirnforschung wurden verwendet, um die Auswirkungen bei der vermeintlicher „Trainingsverfahren“ (Trainings-software und Unterhaltungssoftware) auf die Struktur und die Funktion des Gehirns zu untersuchen. Wieder werden Befunde fehlinterpretiert und aus einer klar erkennbaren Beeinträchtigung der normalen Gehirnentwicklung als Anzeichen einer vermeintlichen Verbesserung gewertet. Schließlich werden Aktivierungsmuster je nach Bedarf interpretiert, vermehrte Aktivierung als klares Zeichen von Verbesserung und verminderte Aktivierung als klares Zeichen von Aufwandsverminderung (also ebenfalls Verbesserung). Auf die bekannten Risiken und Nebenwirkungen wird in der Literatur zur vermeintlichen Verbesserung geistiger Leistungen durch Computerspiele praktisch nie hingewiesen, was man – wie die „positiven“ Ergebnisse auch – als Zeichen des Einflusses massiver Lobbyarbeit einer milliardenschweren Spieleindustrie werten kann, die privatwirtschaftlich Gewinn produziert. Wissenschaftlich nachgewiesene positive Auswirkungen von Computerspielen existieren nicht, ihre negativen Folgen, deren Kosten die Allgemeinheit trägt, sind nachgewiesen.
Aktualisierte S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) „Komplikationen der Leberzirrhose“
Authors: Gerbes Alexander L. , Labenz Joachim , Appenrodt Beate , Dollinger Matthias , Gundling Felix , Gülberg Veit , Holstege Axel , Lynen-Jansen Petra , Steib Christian J. , Trebicka Jonel , Wiest Reiner , Zipprich Alexander ,   Collaborators:,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin e. V. (DGIM),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Infektiologie e. V. (DGI),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie e. V./Bundesverband deutscher Pathologen e. V. (DGP/BDP),   Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft e. V. (DRG),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Interventionelle Radiologie und minimal-invasive Therapie (DeGIR),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nephrologie (DGFN),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin (DEGUM),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie e. V. (DGN),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin e. V. (DGEM),   Lebertransplantierte Deutschland e. V.
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Leitlinie Komplikationen der Leberzirrhose der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) ersetzt die Leitlinie aus dem Jahr 2011. Sie basiert auf den Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) für eine evidenzbasierte Konsensus-Leitlinie der Entwicklungsstufe S2k und wurde interdisziplinär unter Beteiligung aller relevanten Fachgesellschaften und der Patientenvertretung erstellt. Neben den in der Vorgängerversion behandelten Kapiteln Aszites, spontan bakterielle Peritonitis, hepatorenales Syndrom, hepatischer Hydrothorax und hepatopulmonales Syndrom wurden die Kapitel Diagnostik und Therapie der Hepatischen Enzephalopathie neu aufgenommen.
Behandlung der Folgezustände nach Poliomyelitis acuta anterior
Authors: Ruetz Axel 
Published: May 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit mehreren Jahrzehnten ist bekannt, dass die immer noch in Deutschland lebenden Betroffen der Poliomyelitis acuta anterior durch den erlittenen Alpha-Motoneuron-Schaden sowohl an motorischen Störungen in Form von Paresen und Plegien und Gebrauchsstörungen von Rumpf und Extremitäten sowie Atemmuskulatur leiden, es aber auch unter der Diagnose Post-Polio-Syndrom (ICD G14) eine neuromuskuläre Zweiterkrankung nach inzwischen klaren Definitionen gibt, die interdisziplinär mit Kompetenz in neuromuskulärer Evaluation und Therapie und mit neuem Verständnis des degenerativen Overuse-Modells für Motoneurone behandelt werden muss. Die notwendigen Assessment-Tools werden dargestellt, mit denen das Restleistungsvermögen bestimmt wird, die therapeutischen Konzepte beschrieben, die sowohl die Gebiete Physiotherapie, Beatmungsmedizin, Schmerztherapie, Unfallversorgung als auch die Orthopädietechnik betreffen. Die Krankheitsbilder müssen stadiengerecht behandelt werden, die Fehleinschätzung der Restleistungsfähigkeit führt häufig zu unnötigen Invalidisierungen, da die Fallhäufigkeit selten ist und nicht zu Diagnostik- und Therapiesicherheit führt.
Rehabilitation bei Amyotropher Lateralsklerose
Authors: Groß Martin , Summ Oliver 
Published: May 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der stationären neurologischen Rehabilitation in Deutschland werden vorwiegend akute neurologische Erkrankungen, aber nur selten schwere, fortschreitende neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen wie die Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose behandelt. Mittlerweile liegt jedoch in Bezug auf die Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose eine umfangreiche Evidenz für den positiven Nutzen in der Rehabilitation angewandter Methoden und den Einsatz von in der Rehabilitation tätigen Fachbereichen vor: Physiotherapie, Übungsbehandlung, Atmungstherapie, Logopädie, Ernährungstherapie, Ergotherapie, der Einsatz von Hilfsmitteln, assistive Technologien, Elektrorollstühlen und Unterstützter Kommunikation sowie multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und Palliative Care können das Leben der Patienten verlängern, Teilhabe und Lebensqualität verbessern und ein würdevolles Sterben ermöglichen. Essenziell sind die Integration der Angehörigen und beatmungsmedizinischer Expertise in die Behandlung. Ambulante und stationäre neurologische sollten daher fester Bestandteil der Behandlung der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose sein.
Kopfschmerz News der DMKG
Authors: Dresler Thomas , Kraya Torsten , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Evers Stefan , Palla Antonella 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungStudien legen nahe, dass bei Jugendlichen mit Migräne nur etwa 75 % der Medikamenteneinnahmen wie verordnet erfolgen. Es wäre somit wünschenswert, kostengünstige Interventionen anzubieten, um die Adhärenz und dadurch den Therapieerfolg zu verbessern. Auch die Einbeziehung von Angehörigen stellt hierbei eine Möglichkeit dar, unterstützend einzugreifen.
The Relationship Between Visceral Adiposity Index and Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Baloglu Ismail , Turkmen Kultigin , Selcuk Nedim Yılmaz , Tonbul Halil Zeki , Ozcicek Adalet , Hamur Hikmet , Iyısoy Sinan , Akbas Emin Murat 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroduction and aim Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral fat depot of the heart, was found to be associated with coronary artery disease in cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Increased visceral adiposity is associated with proinflammatory activity, impaired insulin sensitivity, increased risk of atherosclerosis and high mortality. In the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between EAT and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with diabetes.Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 128 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (73 females, 55 males; mean age, 54.09+±+9.17 years) and 32 control subjects (23 females, 9 males; mean age, 50.09+±+7.81 years). EAT was measured by using a trans-thoracic echocardiograph. Parameters such as waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were used to calculate VAI.Result EAT and VAI measurements were significantly higher in patients with diabetes when compared to control subjects. In the bivariate correlation analysis, VAI was positively correlated with uric acid level (r=0.214, p=0.015), white blood cell count (r= 0.262, p=0.003), platelet count (r=0.223, p=0.011) and total cholesterol levels (r= 0.363, p<0.001). Also, VAI was found to be the independent predictor of EAT.Conclusion Simple calculation of VAI was found to be associated with increased EAT in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Clinical Strategies to Prevent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Odeyemi Yewande , Herasevich Svetlana , Gong Michelle , Gajic Ognjen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains an important clinical entity in the intensive care unit with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Effective therapeutic interventions are limited; thus current research focus has shifted from treatment to the prevention of this pulmonary syndrome. In recent decades, a decrease in the incidence of ARDS has been observed and this reduction is largely due to preventive strategies including safe lung ventilation practices, avoidance of iatrogenic exposures, and improvement in care of predisposing conditions such as sepsis and pneumonia. Early identification of at-risk patients, prompt treatment of predisposing conditions, and adoption of evidence-based best practice including restrictive transfusion strategies, conservative fluid management, avoidance of large tidal volume ventilation, and aspiration precaution practices are key preventive strategies with demonstrated benefits. There are currently no effective pharmacological preventive strategies for ARDS.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Respiratory Monitoring and Pulmonary Physiology
Authors: Coudroy Remi , Chen Lu , Pham Tài , Piraino Thomas , Telias Irene , Brochard Laurent 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe high prevalence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), its morbidity and mortality continue to fare a huge burden in the intensive care unit. More than 40 years ago, experimental studies have highlighted that, albeit essential, mechanical ventilation could be harmful to lungs and more recently to the diaphragm. Despite life-saving advances in mechanical ventilation (such as low tidal-volume ventilation, neuromuscular blockers agents, or prone positioning), a recent international observational study reported that most ARDS patients were not appropriately monitored. The monitoring capabilities of ventilators, in particular the simple interaction of the patient and the mechanical ventilation, are very powerful but are underutilized. This lack of monitoring may contribute to the persisting poor outcome of patients with ARDS. Providing a more careful ventilation is a priority to improve patients' outcomes. To achieve this goal, it is of paramount importance to better understand the complex relationship between the patient and the ventilator: the impact of ventilator settings on lungs during passive controlled ventilation, but also of patient's breathing efforts on lungs during assisted ventilation. In this review we present available tools to monitor respiratory mechanics at the bedside aiming at optimizing and personalizing mechanical ventilation. Hopefully, this careful management can decrease mortality of patients with ARDS in the future.
Phonological (in)visibility
Authors: Chappell Whitney 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReduced vowels between obstruents and rhotics are durationally variable and phonologically invisible in Spanish, e.g.pərado‘field’ as /pɾ/. The present study compares L1-Spanish speakers, English monolinguals, and L2-Spanish learners’ perceptual boundaries for reduced vowels in Spanish. A native speaker produced 70 Spanish nonce words with word-initial obstruent + vowel + flap sequences, and the duration of each vowel was manipulated from 100% to 75%, 50%, and 25% of its original duration. To determine whether these groups perceive variably reduced vowels as phonologically visible, 78 listeners counted the number of syllables perceived in 280 target audio files. Linear regression models fitted to 21,436 responses indicate that English monolinguals apply an L1 perceptual strategy, but L2-Spanish learners have shifted their perceptual boundaries. The study concludes that the perception of highly variable acoustic information becomes more native-like with greater L2 proficiency, while age of acquisition is less predictive of native-like perception.
Globe Temperature and Its Measurement: Requirements and Limitations
Authors: Oliveira A Virgílio M , Raimundo António M , Gaspar Adélio R , Quintela Divo A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study addresses the measurement of the globe temperature. For this purpose, two globe thermometers with different diameters (50 and 150 mm) and a variety of thermal environmental conditions were considered. The assessments of the response times and of the influences of the globe diameter and the air velocity on the measured globe temperatures are discussed. The results of the response times clearly put in evidence that the values usually stated in the literature can be questioned and that longer measurement periods must be considered. In fact, response times >30 min were obtained in 68% of the tests performed. Moreover, differences >20ºC were obtained between the 150 and 50 mm sensors, highlighting the influence of the globe diameter. The analysis of the effect of the air velocity on the globe temperature shows mean relative differences >30% between tests in still air and with the higher air velocity considered (1.81 m s–1). On the basis of measurements carried out with the 50 mm globe, correction equations to the standard globe temperature for both natural and forced convection are proposed.
Intramyocardial dissecting haematoma mimicking left ventricular clot, a rare complication of myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Lee Tjen Jhung , Roslan Aslannif , Teh Khai Chih , Ghazi Azmee 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Intramyocardial dissecting haematoma is a rare complication of myocardial infarction (MI) associated with high mortality rates. Studies and research of this occurrence are limited largely to isolated case reports or case series.

Case summary
We report a case of late presenting MI, where on initial echocardiogram had what was thought to be an intraventricular clot. However, upon further evaluation, the patient actually had an intramyocardial haematoma, with the supporting echocardiographic features to distinguish it from typical left ventricular (LV) clot. While this prevented the patient from receiving otherwise unnecessary anticoagulation, this diagnosis also put him at a much higher risk of mortality. Despite exhaustive medical and supportive management, death as consequence of pump failure occurred after 2 weeks.

Discussion
This report highlights the features seen on echocardiography which support the diagnosis of an intramyocardial haematoma rather than an LV clot, notably the various acoustic densities, a well visualized myocardial dissecting tear leading into a neocavity filled with blood, and an independent endocardial layer seen above the haematoma. Based on this report, we wish to highlight the importance of differentiating intramyocardial haematomas from intraventricular clots in patients with recent MI.
An atypical cause of myocardial infarction: case report of an obstructing papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve
Authors: Logan Niamh , Islam Mohammad Sirajul , Chughtai Jehan Zeb , Murphy Niamh F 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Papillary fibroelastomas are rare primary cardiac tumours with a prevalence of 0.01% at autopsy. They are histologically benign tumours but have been demonstrated through case series to confer an increased risk of thrombo-embolism resulting in: transient ischaemic attack, stroke, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary and systemic embolization.

Case summary
A 54-year-old woman presented with central chest pain radiating to her left arm. At presentation there was a significant troponin rise; initial high-sensitivity troponin-I (hsTn-I) 660 pg/mL increased to 3340 pg/mL at 6 h. Coronary angiogram did not reveal any obstructing coronary artery disease. Echocardiography revealed a rounded, mobile mass on the left coronary cusp of the aortic valve suspicious for papillary fibroelastoma. The patient underwent shave excision of the lesion. Intra-operatively it was noted that the mass intermittently sat within the ostium of the left main resulting in its occlusion. Histology confirmed a papillary fibroelastoma.

Discussion
Primary cardiac tumours are rare but can cause life-threatening complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest. In the literature, the mechanism of these complications is mainly attributed to thrombo-embolism. This case demonstrates the utility of echocardiogram in investigating and diagnosing a rare cause of myocardial infarction and highlights an unusual mechanism, that is tumour causing obstruction of the coronary ostium.
Three-dimensional printed cardiac fistulae: a case series
Authors: Aroney Nicholas , Markham Ryan , Putrino Anthony , Crowhurst James , Wall Douglas , Scalia Gregory , Walters Darren 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Three-dimensional (3D) printing of cardiac fistulae allows for immediate understanding of their complex courses and anatomical relations. Models can be used to improve patient understanding, enhance the consenting process, facilitate communication between multidisciplinary staff at heart team meetings, and help plan surgical or percutaneous interventions.

Case summary
We report four cases where 3D printed models were used as an adjunct with traditional measures in treating patients with complex cardiac fistulae.

Discussion
In our cases, overall patient understanding was improved, staff at heart team meetings were more aware of anatomical anomalies and perioperatively planning saw adjustments made that may have ultimately benefited patient outcome. Our cases highlight the additional benefit that 3D printed models can play when treating patients with complex cardiac fistulae.
A case report of extramedullary haematopoiesis within left ventricle myocardium and apical thrombus in acute heart failure: diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcome
Authors: Pasupula Deepak Kumar , Siddappa Malleshappa Sudeep Kumar , Bhatt Anusha Ganapati , Kormos Robert L 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) within myocardium is a rare phenomenon, and its occurrence in left ventricle myocardium or apical thrombus of a young female has never been reported.Case summary A 23-year-old active female with progressive worsening of dyspnoea. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a left ventricular ejection fraction of 10–15% and apical thrombus. Bilateral upper extremity Doppler showed deep venous thrombus in the left arm and superficial vein thrombus in both arms. She had reduced activity of antithrombin III, deficiency of protein C and S. Computed tomography of the head showed right thalamic infarct. Having failed optimal medical therapy, rapidly worsening of symptoms (New York Heart Association Class IV and clinical Class C) and cardiogenic shock, she underwent HeartWare® left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement as a bridge to heart transplant. Intraoperative apical thrombus was carefully extracted while maintaining adequate anticoagulation with heparin infusion. Pathology report of the excised apical myocardium and thrombus demonstrated haematopoietic cells. Twenty-six months since LVAD implantation, she remains active and Status 7 on transplant list (due to body mass index) without any further episodes of thromboembolic events.DiscussionWe report an unprecedented case of an active young female with EMH within left ventricular myocardium and apical thrombus. Although redirected differentiation and embolic haematopoietic cells seem to explain this phenomenon, the exact pathophysiology remains unknown. Despite having pre-existing apical thrombus and acute deep vein thrombus, the key towards success was meticulous extraction of apical thrombus while preserving inherent trabecular architecture and adequate anticoagulation.
Incidence of device-related infection in 97 750 patients: clinical data from the complete Danish device-cohort (1982–2018)
Authors: Olsen Thomas , Jørgensen Ole Dan , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Thøgersen Anna Margrethe , Philbert Berit Thornvig , Johansen Jens Brock 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsDevice-related infection (DRI) is a severe complication to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) therapy. Device-related infection incidence and its risk factors differ between previous studies. We aimed to define the long-term incidence and incidence rates of DRI for different types of CIEDs in the complete Danish device-cohort and identify patient-, operation- and device-related risk factors for DRI.Methods and resultsFrom the Danish Pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) Register, we included consecutive Danish patients undergoing CIED implantation or reoperation from January 1982 to April 2018, resulting in 97 750 patients, 128 045 operations and follow-up of in total 566 275 device years (DY). We identified 1827 DRI causing device removals. Device-related infection incidence during device lifetime was 1.19% (1.12–1.26) for PM, 1.91% (1.71–2.13) for ICD, 2.18% (1.78–2.64) for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)-pacemakers (CRT-P), and 3.35% (2.92–3.83) for CRT-defibrillators (CRT-D). Incidence rates in de novo implantations were 2.04/1000 DY for PM, 3.84 for ICD, 4.38 for CRT-P, and 6.76 for CRT-D. Using multiple-record and multiple-event per subject proportional hazard analysis, we identified implantation of complex devices (ICD and CRT), reoperations, prior DRI, male sex, and younger age as significantly associated with higher DRI risk.ConclusionOverall risk of infection was low in PM implantations but considerably higher in CRT systems and after reinterventions. These data support the importance of evaluating all patients considered for CIED therapy thoroughly, in order to identify potential modifiable risk factors and reduce the risk of early reoperations.