bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending The Realm of Reason: On The Epistemic Profile of Perceptual Experience
Authors: Grad Paweł 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAre perceptual experiences epistemically appraisable? In this paper, I argue, contra Siegel (Rationality of perception, Oxford 2017) that they are not (§§ 2–3). I also show how the problem of hijacked experience can be solved without endorsing the view that perceptual experience is epistemically appraisable (§§ 4–5). A key idea behind my proposal is a disjunctivist view on rationalising and epistemic powers of perceptual experience.
The Role of the Axes of the Three Metal Nano-ellipsoids of Size Constant in the Energy Absorption Rate Change in the Hybrid System
Authors: Hashim Hala M. , Abd-Elnabi Somia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work discusses the three-dimensional hybrid system of three metal nano-ellipsoids and semiconductor quantum dot to obtain the energy absorption rate caused by the direct and indirect contribution of the interaction between the semiconductor quantum dot and the three metal nano-ellipsoids. We investigate the interaction between excitons and surface plasmons by applying three electromagnetic fields in the three-dimensional directions. We calculate the polarization of the three metal nano-ellipsoids to evaluate the energy absorption rate for all three metal nano-ellipsoids. The energy absorption rate of the semiconductor quantum dot via three electromagnetic fields in the three dimensions is studied. We demonstrated that although the size of the three metal nano-ellipsoids is equal, the axes of the three metal nano-ellipsoids can play a distinct role in influencing energy absorption. We also demonstrated the varying distances between the three metal nano-ellipsoids affect the energy absorption rate. We found the dielectric constant of the surrounding material and semiconductor quantum dot influence the energy absorption rate of the semiconductor quantum dot.
Nationale Aktivitäten zur Stärkung der Klimakompetenz in den Gesundheitsberufen in Österreich
Authors: Brugger Katharina , Horváth Ilonka , Schmidt Andrea E. , Marent Johannes 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Klimawandel und seine Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit rücken zunehmend in den gesundheitspolitischen Blickpunkt. Herausforderungen ergeben sich u. a. durch häufigere Hitzewellen, erhöhte Pollenbelastung, vermehrtes Auftreten von Vektoren. Auch sind Personen in vulnerablen Kontexten überproportional betroffen. Dem Gesundheitssystem kommt durch Gesundheitsförderung, Prävention und Krankenversorgung in diesem Zusammenhang eine wesentliche Rolle zu. In einem klimaresilienten Gesundheitssystem haben klimakompetente Angehörige der Gesundheitsberufe eine zentrale Rolle. Der Artikel beleuchtet die Arbeiten auf nationaler Ebene, die darauf abzielen, ein gemeinsames Verständnis aufzubauen und einen adäquaten inhaltlichen Rahmen der gesundheitsbezogenen Klimakompetenz auszuarbeiten.

Materialien und Methoden
Zur Erarbeitung der Fragestellung wurde eine explorative Herangehensweise mit einer Kombination verschiedener Methoden ausgewählt. Basierend auf einer Literaturrecherche wurde der inhaltliche Rahmen entlang internationaler Beispiele guter Praxis für die österreichischen gesetzlich Gesundheitsberufe abgeleitet. Zur Qualitätssicherung und -verbesserung erfolgte eine Begutachtung durch Expert:innen aus den Bereichen Klima, Gesundheit und Bildung.

Ergebnisse
Zur langfristigen Verankerung der Klimakompetenz in den Gesundheitsberufen braucht es drei Implementierungsprozesse, um die Zielgruppen, d. h. jene, die eine Ausbildung absolvieren, die bereits in Gesundheitsberufen Tätigen und Lehrende für Gesundheitsberufe, zu adressieren. Den inhaltlichen Rahmen dafür bildet das berufsgruppenübergreifende Handbuch zur Stärkung der Klimakompetenz in den Gesundheitsberufen.

Schlussfolgerung
Ein systematischer Aufbau und die Stärkung der Klimakompetenz im Gesundheitssystems, insbesondere bei den Angehörigen der Gesundheitsberufe, ist zielführend, um die vielfältigen und erheblichen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden der Menschen abzufedern.
Comparing self-rated health among exclusive e-cigarette users and traditional cigarette smokers: an analysis of the Health Survey for England 2019
Authors: Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Bafail Duaa Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe health implications of e-cigarette use compared to traditional cigarette smoking continue to attract significant public health interest. This study examines self-rated health (SRH) outcomes among exclusive e-cigarette users versus exclusive traditional cigarette smokers, using data from the Health Survey for England 2019. From an initial sample of 10,299 participants, the study focused on 8204 adults, excluding those aged 0–15. Further refinement to exclusive nicotine product users led to 274 e-cigarette users and 1017 cigarette smokers, after excluding dual users, never users, ex-users, non-responders, and users of other tobacco products such as pipes and cigars. SRH was derived from participants’ responses to a question asking how they rated their general health, with five possible options: “very good”, “good”, “fair”, “bad”, and “very bad”. For the purposes of this study, these responses were collapsed into two categories: “Good Health” (combining “very good” and “good”) and “Poor Health” (combining “fair”, “bad”, and “very bad”). Consequently, 834 participants were classified as reporting good health, while 457 reported poor health. Binary logistic regression, adjusted for factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, residence, education, body mass index, alcohol use, age started smoking, physical or mental health conditions, and frequency of GP visits, revealed that exclusive e-cigarette users were significantly more likely to report good health compared to exclusive cigarette smokers, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.10 – 2.32, p = 0.014). As a sensitivity analysis, a generalized ordered logistic regression model was performed using the original five SRH categories. The adjusted model confirmed consistent results, with exclusive e-cigarette users showing higher odds of reporting better health across the full range of SRH outcomes (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.82, p = 0.011). These findings suggest that exclusive e-cigarette users perceive their health more positively than traditional cigarette smokers, contributing useful insights to the discussions around harm reduction strategies.
The Collector Hypothesis
Authors: Sorokowski Piotr , Luty Jerzy , Małecki Wojciech , Roberts Craig S. , Kowal Marta , Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Human fascination with art has deep evolutionary roots, yet its role remains a puzzle for evolutionary theory. Although its widespread presence across cultures suggests a potential adaptive function, determining its evolutionary origins requires more comprehensive evidence beyond mere universality or assumed survival benefits. This paper introduces and tests the Collector Hypothesis, which suggests that artworks serve as indicators of collectors’ surplus wealth and social status, offering greater benefits to collectors than to artists in mating and reproductive contexts. Our study among Indigenous Papuan communities provides preliminary support for the Collector Hypothesis, indicating that, compared to artists, collectors are perceived as having higher social status and greater attractiveness to women. These findings provide unique insights into Papuan communities and contribute to the ongoing discussion about art’s adaptive significance of art by suggesting that artistic capacities may benefit not only creators but also those who accumulate and display art. Further research in diverse cultural contexts is needed for a comprehensive understanding of this interplay.
Bio-irrigation Promotes Reactive Phosphorus Recycling in an Oxidized Sedimentary Environment
Authors: Benelli Sara , Janas Urszula , Magri Monia , Kendzierska Halina , Arroyave Gómez Diana Marcela , Bartoli Marco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBio-irrigation by burrowing macrofauna regulates benthic functioning via direct and indirect effects on sediment properties, microbial activities, oxygen dynamics, and organic matter and nutrient turnover. The effects of macrofauna bio-irrigation on benthic nitrogen cycling have been thoroughly investigated, whereas those on phosphorus (P) are comparatively understudied. This is surprising as such effects contribute to sediment oxidation and have a large potential to regulate P mobility and increase P retention. Dissolved oxygen (O2) and inorganic phosphorus (DIP) fluxes, pore water chemistry (DIPpw, Fe[II]pw, Mn[II]pw, pHpw, and oxidation–reduction potential (ORPpw)), and solid-phase Fe(III) pools were measured in reconstructed sediments without or with surface (the amphipod Corophium volutator) and deep (the polychaete Alitta succinea) burrowing macrofauna. Sediments and burrowing macrofauna were collected from the Goro Lagoon (Po River Delta, Italy) in April 2022. Measurements were carried out after a 2-week preincubation to allow sediment conditioning by bioturbators (e.g., burrow construction, bio-irrigation, burrow wall oxidation, steady chemical gradients within sediments and between pore and bottom waters). ORPpw analysis suggested that bio-irrigated sediments were less reduced, and Fe solid-phase analysis suggested a tendency towards an increase in the Fe(III) pool in deep bio-irrigated sediments. Both bioturbators stimulated O2 fluxes and DIP recycling (by a factor of ~ 2), and halved DIPpw, Fe(II)pw, and Mn(II)pw concentrations. The amphipod contributed to DIP fluxes via direct excretion, whereas polychaete excretion was negligible. Polychaetes contributed to DIP fluxes by ventilation of deep burrows within DIP-rich pore water. Bio-irrigation by both burrowers simultaneously promoted higher DIP recycling and sediment oxidation, ensuring the mobilization of a limiting nutrient and preventing the accumulation of reduced chemical species in the surface sediment.
Radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases with and without concomitant immunotherapy: comparison of patient outcome and neurotoxicity
Authors: Elyan Natalie , Schwenkenbecher Philipp , Grote-Levi Lea , Becker Jan-Niklas , Merten Roland , Christiansen Hans , Skripuletz Thomas , Steinmann Diana , Möhn Nora 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background/Aim
Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been added to the treatment of brain metastases. While combining radiotherapy and ICI can enhance therapeutic effects, it might also increase the risk of severe autoimmune adverse events. This retrospective study aims to compare treatment responses and neurotoxicity in patients treated with radiotherapy alone versus those receiving a combination of radiotherapy and ICI.

Patients and methods
All patients with brain metastases who received radiotherapy at Hannover Medical School from 2017 to 2019 were included. The medical reports of all study participants were evaluated. Patients who received radiotherapy alone and those who received a combination of radiation and ICI were compared.

Results
A total of 248 patients were analyzed, with the most common tumor types being non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant melanoma. Half of the patients received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and the other half stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Of these, 29 patients received concurrent immunotherapy and radiotherapy, 30 completed immunotherapy before radiotherapy, and 29 started ICI after completing radiotherapy. Two cases lacked information on the duration of immunotherapy. Overall survival post-initial tumor diagnosis within the total cohort was 52 months, with significantly worse survival for patients with multiple brain metastases (p = 0.020). No significant differences in survival or incidence of neurological adverse events were observed between patients with or without ICI.

Conclusion
Combining radiotherapy and ICI did not significantly increase neurotoxicity or improve survival in this cohort, though the heterogeneity of the subgroups limits the generalizability of these findings.
Artificial Intelligence in Landscape Ecology: Recent Advances, Perspectives, and Opportunities
Authors: Frazier Amy E. , Song Lei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Artificial intelligence (AI) is disrupting science and discovery across disciplines, offering new modes of inquiry that are changing how questions are asked and answered and upsetting established norms. In this paper, we review the state of the art of AI in landscape ecology and offer six areas of opportunity for landscape ecologists to capitalize on AI tools moving forward. These areas include geospatial AI (GeoAI), geometric AI, Explainable AI (xAI), generative AI (GenAI), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and robotics.

Recent Findings
Landscape ecology has a long history of using AI, notably machine learning methods for image classification tasks, agent-based modeling, and species distribution modeling but also knowledge representation and automated reasoning for landscape generation and spatial planning. Methods have become more diverse and complex in recent years, with a new generation of AI-based tools rapidly emerging. These new tools have potential to improve how landscape ecologists map, measure, and model landscape patterns and processes as well as improve the explainability of model outputs.

Summary
There are many untapped opportunities for landscape ecologists to leverage emerging AI-based tools in research and practice including generating virtual landscapes for simulating processes such as wildfires and leveraging natural language processing to generate new insights from text data. Regardless of the application, researchers using AI tools must also consider the ethical implications of data and algorithmic biases and critically assess how these methods can be used responsibly.
Engine strip and build lab: a practical approach to learning gas turbine engines
Authors: Anselmi Palma E. , Kissoon S. , Hann G. , Pilidis P. , Pachidis V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe world is currently undergoing a technological transformation with numerous innovative concepts emerging. This shift is driven by remarkable advancements in artificial intelligence and the urgent need for decarbonisation. With this comes a growing demand for skilled engineers who can actively contribute at any stage within the life cycle of a product. This can be the generation of new concepts at low Technology Readiness Levels or contributing actively to their development and operational safety. This paper explores the integration of a 1-day practical activity to reinforce theoretical concepts learned within a classroom-based environment. Small groups of students were given the opportunity of engaging with a small helicopter engine (Rolls-Royce Gnome engine) through the disassembly and reassembly of the exhaust and power turbine section while following the manufacturer’s manual and ensuring industrial norms for safe practice. This hands-on activity included an introduction to tooling, a Gnome familiarisation activity, and an introduction to inspection techniques. Based on the feedback recorded, the students experienced a notable improvement in their basic understanding by effectively reinforcing knowledge acquired within the classroom through active engagement with an actual gas turbine engine.
U.S. climate-smart agricultural and forestry incentives: from offsets to clean energy credits
Authors: O’Hara Jeffrey K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClimate-smart agricultural and forestry (CSAF) practices prevent greenhouse gas emissions from occurring or increase carbon sequestration. I examine how the development of U.S. CSAF incentives shifted from offset markets to biofuel regulations over time. My perspective is informed by two professional roles I had in developing these standards. First, as an economist at the Chicago Climate Exchange, I developed CSAF offset protocols between 2007 and 2010. Second, between 2022 and 2024, I was an economist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) when USDA developed a climate-smart agriculture pilot protocol for the sustainable aviation fuel blender’s tax credit. Twenty years ago, there were no U.S. biofuel mandates and CSAF incentives were conceptualized as occurring through offset markets. I explain how, in contrast to cap-and-trade programs, greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural and forestry practices are already included in the baseline of biofuel regulations. This implies that additionality issues, which have impeded the development of CSAF offset standards, are not as applicable to biofuel programs. Specifically, I examine the development of agricultural soil carbon, livestock digester, and forest carbon protocols as case studies. I conclude by discussing how CSAF crediting may evolve in the future.
Facilitating multidisciplinary working groups in translational research: Strategies to promote cross-center collaboration and sustain the Cancer Center Cessation Initiative Consortium
Authors: Minion Mara , Rolland Betsy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As funding for large translational research consortia increases across the National Institutes of Health (NIH), focused working groups provide an opportunity to leverage the power of unique networks to conduct high-impact science and offer a strategy for building collaborative infrastructure to sustain networks long-term. This sustainment leverages the existing NIH investments, amplifying the impact and creating conditions for future innovative translational research. However, few resources exist that detail practical strategies for establishing and sustaining working groups in consortia. Here, we describe how the Coordinating Center for the National Cancer Institute-funded Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) utilized principles derived from the Science of Team Science to develop replicable strategies for building and sustaining an effective working group-led consortium. These strategies include continually engaging community members in strategic planning, prioritizing diversity in leadership and membership, creating multi-level opportunities for leadership and participation, providing intensive community management and facilitation, and incentivizing projects that support the consortium sustainment. When assessing the impact of these interventions through qualitative exit interviews, four key themes emerged: through the C3I working group consortium, members co-created new dissemination products, gained new insights and innovations, enhanced local program implementation, and invested in cross-network collaboration to support sustained engagement in the initiative.
Pendulum swings rather than paradigm shifts: Southeast Asia’s securitisations and the global war on terror
Authors: Chang Jun Yan , Jenne Nicole 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Two decades into the ‘war on terror’, attention is rapidly shifting away from terrorism. Increasing geopolitical competition between the US and China and Russia’s war in Ukraine prompted talk about a watershed moment in global politics marked by a return of great power competition. To what extent has this paradigm shift – from terrorism to ‘traditional’ considerations of military security from external invasion – taken place in Southeast Asia? Building on securitisation theory, this article argues that the war on terror did not mark a universal historical-political period as it is often presented. In Southeast Asia, so-called non-traditional threats such as terrorism have concerned states since their independence. Therefore, Southeast Asia continued to prioritise ‘traditional’ security threats alongside ‘non-traditional’ ones in what is commonly described as its comprehensive approach to security. Consequently, when the ‘return to geopolitics’ began influencing military doctrine and preparation amongst NATO countries, a similar shift was absent in Southeast Asia. We argue that the region has seen varied emphases on non-traditional versus traditional security threats but did not experience the paradigm shift suggested by the US-dominated security narrative. Southeast Asia’s comprehensive security constellation underscores the need for a more pluralistic and eclectic approach to the study of international relations.
Surfaces of section for geodesic flows of closed surfaces
Authors: CONTRERAS GONZALO , KNIEPER GERHARD , MAZZUCCHELLI MARCO , SCHULZ BENJAMIN H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We prove several results concerning the existence of surfaces of section for the geodesic flows of closed orientable Riemannian surfaces. The surfaces of section

$\Sigma $

that we construct are either Birkhoff sections, which means that they intersect every sufficiently long orbit segment of the geodesic flow, or at least they have some hyperbolic components in

$\partial \Sigma $

as limit sets of the orbits of the geodesic flow that do not return to

$\Sigma $

. In order to prove these theorems, we provide a study of configurations of simple closed geodesics of closed orientable Riemannian surfaces, which may have independent interest. Our arguments are based on the curve shortening flow.
Financing white rule: How Luxembourg became a banker for the Belgian Congo and Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Weeks Samuel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this article, I offer a historical analysis of how bankers in Luxembourg came to be important service providers to borrowers in the Belgian Congo and Apartheid South Africa. I demonstrate how a series of unique political and cultural factors linking Luxembourg and these two (neo)colonial regimes account for the financial activities that developed between the three jurisdictions. As such, I show that officials in the Belgian Congo and Apartheid South Africa were able to count on their Luxembourg-based bankers for a variety of finance-related services, including the provision of Eurocurrency loans and the formation of offshore companies. In doing so, the article contributes to a body of literature in the social sciences of finance that has grown significantly in recent years: on the imperial and neocolonial basis of the contemporary global financial system.
Filtered partial differential equations: a robust surrogate constraint in physics-informed deep learning framework
Authors: Zhang Dashan , Chen Yuntian , Chen Shiyi 
Published: November 2024

Embedding physical knowledge into neural network (NN) training has been a hot topic. However, when facing the complex real world, most of the existing methods still strongly rely on the quantity and quality of observation data. Furthermore, the NNs often struggle to converge when the solution to the real equation is very complex. Inspired by large eddy simulation in computational fluid dynamics, we propose an improved method based on filtering. We analysed the causes of the difficulties in physics-informed machine learning, and proposed a surrogate constraint (filtered partial differential equation, FPDE) of the original physical equations to reduce the influence of noisy and sparse observation data. In the noise and sparsity experiment, the proposed FPDE models (which are optimized by FPDE constraints) have better robustness than the conventional PDE models. Experiments demonstrate that the FPDE model can obtain the same quality solution with 100 % higher noise and 12 % quantity of observation data of the baseline. Besides, two groups of real measurement data are used to show the FPDE improvements in real cases. The final results show that the FPDE still gives more physically reasonable solutions when facing the incomplete equation problem and the extremely sparse and high-noise conditions. The proposed FPDE constraint is helpful for merging real-world experimental data into physics-informed training, and it works effectively in two real-world experiments: simulating cell movement in scratches and blood velocity in vessels.