bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Golgi vesicle‐membrane‐localized cytochrome B561 regulates ascorbic acid regeneration and confers Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton
Authors: Liu Hanqiao , Zhang Wenshu , Zeng Jianguo , Zheng Qihang , Guo Zhan , Ruan Chaofeng , Li Weixi , Wang Guilin , Wang Xinyu , Guo Wangzhen 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYAscorbic acid (AsA) serves as a key antioxidant involved in the various physiological processes and against diverse stresses in plants. Due to the insufficiency of AsA de novo biosynthesis, the AsA regeneration is essential to supplement low AsA synthesis rates. Redox reactions play a crucial role in response to biotic stress in plants; however, how AsA regeneration participates in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) homeostasis and plant defense remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a Golgi vesicle‐membrane‐localized cytochrome B561 (CytB561) encoding gene, GhB561‐11, involved in AsA regeneration and plant resistance to Verticillium dahliae in cotton. GhB561‐11 was significantly downregulated upon V. dahliae attack. Knocking down GhB561‐11 greatly enhanced cotton resistance to V. dahliae. We found that suppressing GhB561‐11 inhibited the AsA regeneration, elevated the basal level of H2O2, and enhanced the plant defense against V. dahliae. Further investigation revealed that GhB561‐11 interacted with the lipid droplet‐associated protein GhLDAP3 to collectively regulate the AsA regeneration. Simultaneously silencing GhB561‐11 and GhLDAP3 significantly elevated the H2O2 contents and dramatically improved the Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. The study broadens our insights into the functional roles of CytB561 in regulating AsA regeneration and H2O2 homeostasis. It also provides a strategy by downregulating GhB561‐11 to enhance Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton breeding programs.
The gating properties of Drosophila NMJ glutamate receptors and their dependence on Neto
Authors: Han Tae Hee , Vicidomini Rosario , Ramos Cathy Isaura , Mayer Mark L. , Serpe Mihaela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a powerful genetic system that has revealed numerous conserved mechanisms for synapse development and homeostasis. The fly NMJ uses glutamate as the excitatory neurotransmitter and relies on kainate‐type glutamate receptors and their auxiliary protein Neto for synapse assembly and function. However, despite decades of study, the reconstitution of NMJ glutamate receptors using heterologous systems has been achieved only recently, and there are no reports on the gating properties for the recombinant receptors. Here, using outside‐out, patch clamp recordings and fast ligand application, we examine for the first time the biophysical properties of native type‐A and type‐B NMJ receptors in complexes with either Neto‐α or Neto‐β and compare them with recombinant receptors expressed in HEK293T cells. We found that type‐A and type‐B receptors have strikingly different gating properties that are further modulated by Neto‐α and Neto‐β. We captured single‐channel events and revealed major differences between type‐A and type‐B receptors and also between Neto splice variants. Surprisingly, we found that deactivation is extremely fast and that the decay of synaptic currents resembles the rate of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) desensitization. The functional analyses of recombinant iGluRs that we report here should greatly facilitate the interpretation of compound in vivo phenotypes of mutant animals.
imageKey points
We report the reconstitution of Drosophila neuromuscular junction ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) with Neto splice forms.
Using outside‐out patches and fast ligand application, we examine the deactivation and desensitization of the four iGluR/Neto complexes found in vivo.
Expression of functional channels is absolutely dependent on Neto.
Single‐channel recordings revealed different lifetimes for different receptor complexes.
The decay of synaptic currents is controlled by desensitization.
A Validation Study on Dynamic Response and Failure Analysis of Large Unconfined Pipes Under Localized Blast Loading Using an Explicit Dynamic Approach
Authors: Prasitpuriprecha Nuttapoom , Namchantra Sirawit , Priyadumkol Jetsadaporn , Phengpom Tinnapob , Suvanjumrat Chakrit , Promtong Machimontorn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study utilized an explicit dynamic approach to analyze the dynamic behavior of large-diameter pipes subjected to localized blast loading. The objective of the validation study was to investigate the effects of the explosion's blast force on the dynamic response and material behaviors in large-diameter pipes. The existing experimental data were benchmarked with the numerical results to assess the prediction accuracy. The crucial factors include the amount of the explosive mass (0.2–5.0 kg), the contact regions, and the wall thickness of the pipe (1.46 cm and 2.62 cm). As a result, the contact area significantly influenced the deformation range in each case, ranging from 50 to 400 cm2. The amount of explosive energy was crucial in determining the material response. For instance, deformations like pitting and spallation were found in the case when testing with less than 1.4 kg of TNT, whereas complete tearing in the central area was found in the case for higher explosive mass. With modest explosive mass, the pipe material underwent inelastic deformation. However, the material became vulnerable to adiabatic shearing failure when the explosive energy exceeded 1.4 kg in penetrating the 2.62 cm-thick walls. The difference between the simulations and experimental deformation (1.46-mm-thickness) was average at 8.5%, which presents an attractive tool. Therefore, this explicitdynamic tool will be used in subsequent research to study the responses of structural building systems to occasional explosion scenarios and capture the explosion fragments.
Fault Detection of Automotive Engine System Based on Canonical Variate Analysis Combined With Bhattacharyya Distance
Authors: Cheng Zhang , Yun-Fei Wang , Yu-Yu Lao , Yuan Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the nonlinear and dynamic characteristics of data in automotive engine systems, a fault detection method based on canonical variate analysis combined with Bhattacharyya distance (CVA-BD) is proposed in this paper. First, CVA is utilized to calculate the state space of the system data. Second, a sliding window is introduced in the state space to quantify the difference in data distribution within the window using Bhattacharyya distance, thereby constructing a novel statistical indicator. Finally, the control limit for statistical indicator is determined to achieve process monitoring of automotive engine systems. CVA-BD effectively enhances the performance of process monitoring by capturing the sequential correlation of data through CVA and eliminating the nonlinear impact between samples using similarity measurement metrics. Simulation experiments are conducted using a numerical case and experimental data from turbocharged spark ignition (TCSI) engines. The simulation results further confirm that, compared with principal component analysis (PCA), dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA), canonical variable analysis (CVA), dissimilar canonical variable analysis (CVDA), auto-encoder (AE), and stacked auto-encoder (SAE) CVA-BD has demonstrated an improvement of at least 41%.
Effect of Flow Distortions on Pin Fins in the Entry Region of Circular Channels
Authors: Lundburg Evan , Lynch Stephen , Lyall M. Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Utilizing heat transfer augmentation features at the inlet of aircraft engines as an additional heat sink requires further understanding of entry region heat transfer and flow field interactions. The effect of asymmetric flow fields or distortions on entry region heat transfer has not been studied. Typically, distortion screens are attached to the inlet of an engine to simulate non-ideal flow that occurs in flight. Because the addition of augmentation features will create a near-wall distortion that can impact downstream aircraft components, comparing entry region features to standard distortion screens can provide insight on the performance impact to aircraft engines. This study investigates the effect of inlet distortion screens on pin fin entry region heat transfer, in order to understand if flow field disturbances disrupt the benefits of augmented entry region heat transfer. In addition, the superposition of the distortion caused by pin fin features onto a screen distorted smooth entry region is also tested. Three distortion screens are investigated with pin fin arrays: tip, hub, and an asymmetric aircraft distortion, each based on SAE standard designs. Reynolds numbers ranging from 1.5 × 105 to 3.50 × 105 are investigated. From this study, inlet heat transfer augmentation due to pin fins is not significantly impacted by inlet distortion flowfields. This is due to the near-wall boundary layer impact of augmentation features overshadowing the effect of distortion. Due to the insensitivity of the near-wall boundary layer for pin fin arrays with distortions, superimposing the smooth entry region distorted flow with the non-distorted pin fin array flow provides an adequate estimate of the flow field of the pin fin array with a distorted inlet.
Real-time evaluation of macozinone activity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
through bacterial nanomotion analysis
Authors: Vocat Anthony , Luraschi-Eggemann Amanda , Antoni Claudia , Cathomen Gino , Cichocka Danuta , Greub Gilbert , Riabova Olga , Makarov Vadim , Opota Onya , Mendoza Alfonso , Cole Stewart T. , Sturm Alexander 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Novel drugs and improved diagnostics for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(MTB) are urgently needed and go hand in hand. We evaluated the
in vitro
activity of two benzothiazinone drug candidates (MCZ, PBTZ169; BTZ043) and their main metabolites against MTB using advanced nanomotion technology. The results demonstrated significant reductions in MTB viability within 7 h, indicating the potential for rapid, precise antibiotic susceptibility testing based on a phenotypic read-out in real time. PBTZ169 and H
2
-PBTZ169 achieved 100% separation between the susceptible H37Rv and a resistant
dprE1
mutant strain NTB1. These findings support nanomotion technology’s potential for faster antibiotic susceptibility testing of novel MTB drug candidates targeting the DprE1 enzyme that could reduce empirical treatment duration and antibiotic resistance selection pressure due to inaccurate treatments.
Spring viremia of carp virus infection induces hypoxia response in zebrafish by stabilizing hif1α
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Zhu Chunchun , Sun Xueyi , Deng Hongyan , Liu Wen , Jia Shuke , Bai Yao , Xiao Wuhan , Liu Xing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The hypoxia signaling pathway controls hypoxia adaptation and tolerance of organisms, which is regulated by multiple mechanisms. Viral infection elicits various pathophysiological responses in the host. However, whether viral infection can affect the hypoxia response is not yet fully understood. In this study, we found that Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection in zebrafish caused symptoms similar to those in zebrafish under hypoxic conditions. Further assays indicated that SVCV infection activated the hypoxia signaling pathway in zebrafish. In addition, SVCV infection caused increased glycolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells. Mechanistically, SVCV-G protein interacted with hif1α-a/b and attenuated their K48-linked polyubiquitination, leading to their stabilization and subsequent enhancement of target gene expression. Moreover, treatment with the HIF1α-specific inhibitor PX478 enhanced the antiviral ability against SVCV infection in zebrafish and zebrafish cells. This study reveals a relationship between SVCV infection and the hypoxia signaling pathway in fish and provides a strategy for reducing the damage of viral disease in the aquaculture industry.

IMPORTANCE
Viral infection triggers various pathophysiological responses in the host. The hypoxia signaling pathway controls hypoxia adaptation and tolerance of organisms. However, whether viral infection can affect the hypoxia response is not yet fully understood. This study showed that Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection activated the hypoxia signaling pathway and induced a hypoxia response. The SVCV-G protein interacted with hif1α-a/b and reduced their K48-linked polyubiquitination, leading to their stabilization and subsequent enhancement of target gene expression. Additionally, treatment with the HIF1α-specific inhibitor PX478 enhanced the antiviral ability against SVCV infection in zebrafish and zebrafish cells. Our findings not only reveal a relationship between SVCV infection and the hypoxia signaling pathway in fish but also provide a strategy for reducing the damage of viral disease in the aquaculture industry.
CaMKII-dependent non-canonical RIG-I pathway promotes influenza virus propagation in the acute-phase of infection
Authors: Hama Shinichiro , Watanabe-Takahashi Miho , Nishimura Hiroki , Omi Jumpei , Tamada Masakazu , Saitoh Takashi , Maenaka Katsumi , Okuda Yuta , Ikegami Aoi , Kitagawa Asami , Furuta Koudai , Izumi Kana , Shimizu Eiko , Nishizono Takashi , Fujiwara Makoto , Miyasaka Tomohiro , Takamori Shigeo , Takayanagi Hiroshi , Nishikawa Keizo , Kobayashi Toshihiko , Toyama-Sorimachi Noriko , Yamashita Makoto , Senda Toshiya , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Bito Haruhiko , Nishikawa Kiyotaka 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is one of hundreds of host-cell factors involved in the propagation of type A influenza virus (IAV), although its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we identified CaMKII inhibitory peptide M3 by targeting its kinase domain using affinity-based screening of a tailored random peptide library. M3 inhibited IAV cytopathicity and propagation in cells by specifically inhibiting the acute-phase activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), which is uniquely regulated by CaMKII. Downstream of the RIG-I pathway activated TBK1 and then IRF3, which induced small but sufficient amounts of transcripts of the genes for IFN α/β to provide the capped 5’-ends that were used preferentially as primers to synthesize viral mRNAs by the cap-snatching mechanism. Importantly, knockout of
RIG-I
in cells almost completely inhibited the expression of IFN mRNAs and subsequent viral NP mRNA early in infection (up to 6 h after infection), which then protected cells from cytopathicity 24 h after infection. Thus, CaMKII-dependent acute-phase activation of RIG-I promoted IAV propagation, whereas the canonical RIG-I pathway stimulated antiviral activity by inducing large amounts of mRNA for IFNs and then for antiviral proteins later in infection. Co-administration of M3 with IAV infection rescued mice from the lethality and greatly reduced proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the lung, indicating that M3 is highly effective against IAV
in vivo
. Thus, regulation of the CaMKII-dependent non-canonical RIG-I pathway may provide a novel host-factor-directed antiviral therapy.

IMPORTANCE

The recent emergence of IAV strains resistant to commonly used therapeutic agents that target viral proteins has exacerbated the need for innovative strategies. Here, we originally identified CaMKII-inhibitory peptide M3, which efficiently inhibits IAV-lethality
in vitro
and
in vivo
. M3 specifically inhibited the acute-phase activation of RIG-I, which is a novel pathway to promote IAV propagation. Thus, this pathway acts in an opposite manner compared with the canonical RIG-I pathway, which plays essential roles in antiviral innate immune response later in infection. The CaMKII-dependent non-canonical RIG-I pathway can be a promising and novel drug target for the treatment of infections.
Importance of benzoyltransferase GcnE and lysine benzoylation of alcohol dehydrogenase AdhB in pathogenesis and aflatoxin production in
Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Chen Xuan , Wu Lihan , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Sen , Wang Shihua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Lysine benzoylation (Kbz) is a newly identified post-translational modification associated with active transcription and metabolism in eukaryotes. However, whether Kbz exists in pathogenic fungi and its function remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that Kbz is present in
Aspergillus flavus
and identified 60 benzoylated sites on 46 benzoylated proteins by global benzoylome analysis. Our data demonstrated that alcohol dehydrogenase B (AdhB) is regulated by benzoylation on lysine 321 (K321), and mutations of Kbz site in AdhB significantly reduced the alcohol dehydrogenase activity
in vivo
and
in vitro
. Both
adhB
deletion mutant and benzoylated site mutants (K321R and K321A) exhibited similar phenotype, including decreased conidiation and seed colonization, increased sclerotia formation and aflatoxin production, and more sensitive to cell wall damage stress. We also found that GcnE has benzoyltransferase activity
in vitro
and
in vivo
, and its repression leads to decreased Kbz level and enzymatic activity of AdhB. The catalytic site E139 is important for the benzoyltransferase function of GcnE. Our study uncovers a previously unknown mechanism by which benzoylation regulates AdhB activity to affect the development, secondary metabolism, pathogenicity, and stress response of
A. flavus
. Meanwhile, it points out the important role of Kbz in the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi.

IMPORTANCE

Aspergillus flavus
is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen of plants and animals, which produces carcinogenic and toxic secondary metabolite aflatoxin.
A. flavus
and aflatoxin contamination have emerged as a global food safety concern. Currently, post-translational modification plays crucial modulatory roles in the fungal development and virulence, but the role of benzoylation in fungal pathogenicity remains undetermined, which limits the development of prevention and control technique. Here, we first identified 46 benzoylated proteins in
A. flavus
, and found that benzoyltransferase GcnE exerted effects on pathogenicity and aflatoxin production by regulating the benzoylation of AdhB. This finding not only provided valuable information for prevention and control of
A. flavus
contamination, but also offered basic knowledge for investigation of the regulation mechanism of secondary metabolism in other fungi.
A catalog of metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes from culture-enrichment microcosms containing polyethylene as carbon source
Authors: Chigwada Aubrey Dickon , Ogola Henry Joseph Oduor , Tekere Memory 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

We present a data set detailing enrichment microbial consortia degrading polyethylene (PE) plastic. Derived from 180-day microcosm incubations using landfill soil, seawater, and cow dung, the data set includes three metagenomes and 23 metagenome-assembled genomes that capture microbial community interactions, structures, and functions relevant to PE biodegradation.
Whole-genome sequence of
Metarhizium anisopliae
JEF-157 against Asian tiger mosquito larvae (
Aedes albopictus
)
Authors: Kim Heo Ri , Kim Jae Su , Lee Se Jin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Metarhizium anisopliae
JEF-157, one of the biological control agents, was obtained from the Insect Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory at Jeonbuk National University. Herein, we report the whole genome of JEF-157, which has pathogenicity against Asian tiger mosquito larvae. The genome has 13,725 genes with a length of 17,719,696 bp.
Diabetes and suicide: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study among the Japanese working-age population
Authors: Komura Yoshikazu , Inoue Kosuke , Ishimura Nana , Taura Daisuke , Harada Norio , Inagaki Nobuya , Kondo Naoki 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAlthough the mental health burden of diabetes has received substantial attention, there is limited evidence on whether the risk of suicide—a severe consequence of mental health problems—increases among individuals with diabetes. Therefore, this study investigated the association between diabetes and suicide in Japan.MethodsThis nationwide longitudinal cohort study included adults aged 18–74 years, who were enrolled in the Japan Health Insurance Association’s health insurance programme between 2015 and 2022. Individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes were matched in a 1:1 ratio with those without diabetes, based on age and sex. We employed multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios for suicide in relation to the diagnosis of diabetes, adjusting for potential confounders, such as sociodemographic characteristics, history of psychiatric disorders, physical measurements, health behaviours and laboratory data.ResultsAmong 4 210 272 individuals in the matched-pair cohort, we observed 337 deaths by suicide among those with diabetes and 250 deaths by suicide among those without diabetes. After conditioning on potential confounders, diabetes diagnosis was linked to an increased risk of suicide (HR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.06 to 1.47)). The association tended to be larger among those aged younger than 40 years and among women (among those aged 18–39 years, HR=1.69 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.73); among women, HR=1.56 (95% CI 0.92 to 2.64)).ConclusionDiabetes diagnosis may increase suicide risk among the working-age population, even after conditioning on potential confounders. Our findings underscore the importance of psychosocial support following a diagnosis.
Health characteristics and health behaviours in male former contact sports participants: comparison with general population controls in a Finnish cohort study
Authors: Batty G David , Bell Steven , Kujala Urho M , Sarna Seppo J , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAthletes who have a history of participation in contact sports appear to subsequently experience elevated rates of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia but have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and selected cancers. We quantified the occurrence of little-examined cardiometabolic and mental health outcomes, plus associated lifestyle factors, in a group of former contact sports athletes and a general population sample.MethodsIn this cohort study, male former elite athletes active between 1920 and 1965 in soccer (N=303), boxing (N=281), and wrestling (N=318) were recruited using sports yearbooks and the administrative records of sports associations. A population control group was identified using data from a compulsory medical examination (N=1712). All study members were linked to hospital registers (1970–2015) and a self-completion questionnaire was circulated in 1985.ResultsAcross 12 health outcomes, the general pattern of association was null. On the few occasions when statistically significant differences did occur, there were in fact more favourable health characteristics and behaviours in former athletes. For instance, in comparison to population controls, we found a lower prevalence of ever having smoked cigarettes in all contact sports groups (range in odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 0.32 (0.21, 0.48) to 0.52 (0.36, 0.75)).ConclusionIn this study, male retired contact sports athletes had similar cardiometabolic and mental health profiles to those of population controls.