bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Unwanted Prismatic Effect Among Bespectacled Symptomatic Ammetropes (Refractive Error Less Than 4D) With Displaced Optical Centre
Authors: Valiyaveettil Babitha , Prabhu Padma B. , Asmin P.T. , Vallon Raju Kuzhippally 
Published: March 2018

Aim and objectives:-
This study tries to estimate the relationship between alignment of spectacle, decentration, spherical equivalent and type of lens with induced prism in spectacles.

Design:-
Descriptive cross sectional study.

Materials and Methods:-
Symptomatic cooperative ammetropes, using spectacles and between the age of 10 and 70 years were included in this study. Induced prism in spectacles were calculated by the Prentice formula.

Results:-
The study group included 29 ammetropic patients having asthenopic symptoms while using spectacles. 65.52% (n=19) were females. The mean age of this group was 48.33 years, with a SD of ±17.45. This study showed a statistically significant positive correlation between spherical equivalent and induced prism and there is no significant correlation between decentration and induced prism.

Conclusion:-
Spherical equivalent is considered as an important factor affecting the induced prism rather than decentration and alignment problem.
Coseismic Slip Deficit of the 2017 Mw 6.5 Ormoc Earthquake That Occurred Along a Creeping Segment and Geothermal Field of the Philippine Fault
Authors: Yang Ying‐Hui , Tsai Min‐Chien , Hu Jyr‐Ching , Aurelio Mario A. , Hashimoto Manabu , Escudero John Agustin P. , Su Zhe , Chen Qiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoseismic surface deformation imaged through interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements was used to estimate the fault geometry and slip distribution of the 2017 Mw 6.5 Ormoc earthquake along a creeping segment of the Philippine Fault on Leyte Island. Our best fitting faulting model suggests that the coseismic rupture occurred on a fault plane with high dip angle of 78.5° and strike angle of 325.8°, and the estimated maximum fault slip of 2.3 m is located at 6.5 km east‐northeast of the town of Kananga. The recognized insignificant slip in the Tongonan geothermal field zone implies that the plastic behavior caused by high geothermal gradient underneath the Tongonan geothermal field could prevent the coseismic failure in heated rock mass in this zone. The predicted Coulomb failure stress change shows that a significant positive Coulomb failure stress change occurred along the SE segment of central Philippine Fault with insignificant coseismic slip and infrequent aftershocks, which suggests an increasing risk for future seismic hazard.
Volcanic Structures Within Niger and Dao Valles, Mars, and Implications for Outflow Channel Evolution and Hellas Basin Rim Development
Authors: Korteniemi J. , Kukkonen S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOutflow channel formation on the eastern Hellas rim region is traditionally thought to have been triggered by activity phases of the nearby volcanoes Hadriacus and Tyrrhenus Montes: As a result of volcanic heating subsurface volatiles were mobilized. It is, however, under debate, whether eastern Hellas volcanism was in fact more extensive, and if there were volcanic centers separate from the identified central volcanoes. This work describes previously unrecognized structures in the Niger‐Dao Valles outflow channel complex. We interpret them as volcanic edifices: cones, a shield, and a caldera. The structures provide evidence of an additional volcanic center within the valles and indicate volcanic activity both prior to and following the formation of the outflow events. They expand the extent, type, and duration of volcanic activity in the Circum‐Hellas Volcanic Province and provide new information on interaction between volcanism and fluvial activity.
Time Scales and Sources of European Temperature Variability
Authors: Årthun Marius , Kolstad Erik W. , Eldevik Tor , Keenlyside Noel S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSkillful predictions of continental climate would be of great practical benefit for society and stakeholders. It nevertheless remains fundamentally unresolved to what extent climate is predictable, for what features, at what time scales, and by which mechanisms. Here we identify the dominant time scales and sources of European surface air temperature (SAT) variability during the cold season using a coupled climate reanalysis, and a statistical method that estimates SAT variability due to atmospheric circulation anomalies. We find that eastern Europe is dominated by subdecadal SAT variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation, whereas interdecadal and multidecadal SAT variability over northern and southern Europe are thermodynamically driven by ocean temperature anomalies. Our results provide evidence that temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean are advected over land by the mean westerly winds and, hence, provide a mechanism through which ocean temperature controls the variability and provides predictability of European SAT.
Comparative analysis for renal stereotactic body radiotherapy using Cyberknife, VMAT and proton therapy based treatment planning
Authors: Baydoun Atallah , Vapiwala Neha , Ponsky Lee E. , Awan Musaddiq , Kassaee Ali , Sutton David , Podder Tarun K. , Zhang Yuxia , Dobbins Donald , Muzic Raymond F. , Traughber Bryan , Machtay Mitchell , Ellis Rodney 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeWe conducted this dosimetric analysis to evaluate the feasibility of a multi‐center stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) trial for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using different SBRT platforms.Materials/methodsThe computed tomography (CT) simulation images of 10 patients with unilateral RCC previously treated on a Phase 1 trial at Institution 1 were anonymized and shared with Institution 2 after IRB approval. Treatment planning was generated through five different platforms aiming a total dose of 48 Gy in three fractions. These platforms included: Cyberknife and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) at institution 1, and Cyberknife, VMAT, and pencil beam scanning (PBS) Proton Therapy at institution 2. Dose constraints were based on the Phase 1 approved trial.ResultsCompared to Cyberknife, VMAT and PBS plans provided overall an equivalent or superior coverage to the target volume, while limiting dose to the remaining kidney, contralateral kidney, liver, spinal cord, and bowel.ConclusionThis dosimetric study supports the feasibility of a multi‐center trial for renal SBRT using PBS, VMAT and Cyberknife.
Polymer Nanocomposites with Ultrahigh Energy Density and High Discharge Efficiency by Modulating their Nanostructures in Three Dimensions
Authors: Zhang Xin , Jiang Jianyong , Shen Zhonghui , Dan Zhenkang , Li Ming , Lin Yuanhua , Nan Ce‐Wen , Chen Longqing , Shen Yang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractManipulating microstructures of composites in three dimensions has been a long standing challenge. An approach is proposed and demonstrated to fabricate artificial nanocomposites by controlling the 3D distribution and orientation of oxide nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. In addition to possessing much enhanced mechanical properties, these nanocomposites can sustain extremely high voltages up to ≈10 kV, exhibiting high dielectric breakdown strength and low leakage current. These nanocomposites show great promise in resolving the paradox between dielectric constant and breakdown strength, leading to ultrahigh electrical energy density (over 2000% higher than that of the bench‐mark polymer dielectrics) and discharge efficiency. This approach opens up a new avenue for the design and modulation of nanocomposites. It is adaptable to the roll‐to‐roll fabrication process and could be employed as a general technique for the mass production of composites with intricate nanostructures, which is otherwise not possible using conventional polymer processing techniques.
Monolayer Nanosheets with an Extremely High Drug Loading toward Controlled Delivery and Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Peng Liuqi , Mei Xuan , He Jun , Xu Jiekun , Zhang Weiku , Liang Ruizheng , Wei Min , Evans David G. , Duan Xue 
Published: March 2018

Abstract2D nanomaterials have attracted considerable research interest in drug delivery systems, owing to their intriguing quantum size and surface effect. Herein, Gd3+‐doped monolayered‐double‐hydroxide (MLDH) nanosheets are prepared via a facile bottom‐up synthesis method, with a precisely controlled composition and uniform morphology. MLDH nanosheets as drug carrier are demonstrated in coloading of doxorubicin and indocyanine green (DOX&ICG), with an ultrahigh drug loading content (LC) of 797.36% and an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 99.67%. This is, as far as it is known, the highest LC level at nearly 100% of EE among previously reported 2D drug delivery systems so far. Interestingly, the as‐prepared DOX&ICG/MLDH composite material shows both pH‐controlled and near‐infrared‐irradiation‐induced DOX release, which holds a promise in stimulated drug release. An in vivo dual‐mode imaging, including near‐infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging, enables a noninvasive visualization of distribution profiles at the tumor site. In addition, in vitro and in vivo therapeutic evaluations demonstrate an excellent trimode synergetic anticancer activity and superior biocompatibility of DOX&ICG/MLDH. Therefore, MLDH nanosheets provide new perspectives in the design of multifunctional nanomedicine, which shows promising applications in controlled drug delivery and cancer theranostics.
Field‐Dependent Electrical and Thermal Transport in Polycrystalline WSe2
Authors: Kim WungYeon , Kim HyunJeong , Hallam Toby , McEvoy Niall , Gatensby Riley , Nerl Hannah C. , O'Neill Katie , Siris Rita , Kim Gyu‐Tae , Duesberg Georg S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOwing to their desirable electrical and thermoelectric properties, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant attention. It is important to develop an easy synthetic method and a simple device fabrication process for TMDs. In this study, WSe2 films were synthesized on a large scale by thermally assisted conversion (TAC) of W films on SiO2/Si substrates at 600 °C. The TAC process yields homogeneous polycrystalline films of controlled thickness over large areas which have the advantage that they can be adapted for mass production for applications in electronics and thermoelectrics. In this regard, pre‐patterning of the deposited metal films allows for devices to be easily fabricated without any etch process. UV‐lithography‐defined W structures have been deposited and after conversion to WSe2 their electrical and thermoelectric properties have been studied. Using e‐beam lithography, a field effect transistor (FET) with a WSe2 channel was fabricated. This showed p‐type behavior and reasonable field effect mobility value. The thermoelectric properties of WSe2 thin films were analyzed by additionally integrating micro heating elements to the WSe2 FET. The maximum Seebeck coefficient and power factor (S2·σ) values were calculated to be ≈61 mV·K−1 (Vg = 45 V) and ≈1.3 nW·K−2·cm−1, respectively.
Magnetic Diode Behavior at Room Temperature in 2D Honeycombs
Authors: Summers Brock , Dahal Ashutosh , Singh Deepak K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe magnetic analog of a semiconductor diode, demonstrating unidirectional electrical transport, is a highly desirable functionality for spintronics application, as it can play a dual role as magnetic memory device and logic element. However, creating such a functional material or device with operation ability at room temperature in the absence of any external tuning parameter, for instance a magnetic field, is a challenge till date. In this study, the finding of semiconductor diode‐type rectification in a 2D honeycomb lattice, made of an ultrasmall permalloy magnet with a typical length of ≈12 nm is reported. The unidirectional electrical transport behavior, characterized by the asymmetric colossal enhancement in differential conductivity at a modest current application of ≈10–15 µA, persists to T = 300 K in honeycomb lattice of a moderate thickness of ≈6 nm. Importantly, the unidirectional biasing arises without the application of a magnetic field with an output power, ≈30 nW, by three orders of magnitude smaller than a semiconductor junction diode. Together, these properties provide a new vista for spintronics research.
Theoretical and Experimental Insight into the Effect of Nitrogen Doping on Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Ni3S2 in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Kou Tianyi , Smart Tyler , Yao Bin , Chen Irwin , Thota David , Ping Yuan , Li Yat 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNickel sulfide (Ni3S2) is a promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst by virtue of its metallic electrical conductivity and excellent stability in alkaline medium. However, the reported catalytic activities for Ni3S2 are still relatively low. Herein, an effective strategy to boost the H adsorption capability and HER performance of Ni3S2 through nitrogen (N) doping is demonstrated. N‐doped Ni3S2 nanosheets achieve a fairly low overpotential of 155 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and an excellent exchange current density of 0.42 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte. The mass activity of 16.9 mA mg−1 and turnover frequency of 2.4 s−1 obtained at 155 mV are significantly higher than the values reported for other Ni3S2‐based HER catalysts, and comparable to the performance of best HER catalysts in alkaline medium. These experimental data together with theoretical analysis suggest that the outstanding catalytic activity of N‐doped Ni3S2 is due to the enriched active sites with favorable H adsorption free energy. The activity in the Ni3S2 is highly correlated with the coordination number of the surface S atoms and the charge depletion of neighbor Ni atoms. These new findings provide important guidance for future experimental design and synthesis of optimal HER catalysts.
Bone marrow transplantation stimulates neural repair in Friedreich's ataxia mice
Authors: Kemp Kevin C. , Hares Kelly , Redondo Juliana , Cook Amelia J. , Haynes Harry R. , Burton Bronwen R. , Pook Mark A. , Rice Claire M. , Scolding Neil J. , Wilkins Alastair 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveFriedreich's ataxia is an incurable inherited neurological disease caused by frataxin deficiency. Here, we report the neuroreparative effects of myeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a humanized murine model of the disease.MethodsMice received a transplant of fluorescently tagged sex‐mismatched bone marrow cells expressing wild‐type frataxin and were assessed at monthly intervals using a range of behavioral motor performance tests. At 6 months post‐transplant, mice were euthanized for protein and histological analysis. In an attempt to augment numbers of bone marrow–derived cells integrating within the nervous system and improve therapeutic efficacy, a subgroup of transplanted mice also received monthly subcutaneous infusions of the cytokines granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor and stem cell factor.ResultsTransplantation caused improvements in several indicators of motor coordination and locomotor activity. Elevations in frataxin levels and antioxidant defenses were detected. Abrogation of disease pathology throughout the nervous system was apparent, together with extensive integration of bone marrow–derived cells in areas of nervous tissue injury that contributed genetic material to mature neurons, satellite‐like cells, and myelinating Schwann cells by processes including cell fusion. Elevations in circulating bone marrow–derived cell numbers were detected after cytokine administration and were associated with increased frequencies of Purkinje cell fusion and bone marrow–derived dorsal root ganglion satellite‐like cells. Further improvements in motor coordination and activity were evident.InterpretationOur data provide proof of concept of gene replacement therapy, via allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, that reverses neurological features of Friedreich's ataxia with the potential for rapid clinical translation. Ann Neurol 2018;83:779–793
Evaluation of Variation in Protein Composition on Solubility, Emulsifying and Gelling Properties of Soybean Genotypes Synthesizing β' Subunit
Authors: Pavlicevic Milica Z. , Tomic Milos D. , Djonlagic Jasna A. , Stanojevic Sladjana P. , Vucelic Radovic Biljana V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effects of subunit composition of two major proteins of soybean: glycinin (11S) and β‐conglycinin (7S) in nine different genotypes, on solubility and emulsifying and gelling properties at different pH (3, 5, 6, and 8) were examined. High‐protein genotypes (more than 40%) contained low amounts of the β′ subunit. The main factors influencing solubility at pH 6 were the content of α′, α (r = 0.89 and r = 0.91 at P < 0.05, respectively) and β′ subunit contents (r = −0.71 at P < 0.05) of β‐conglycinin, while at pH 3 acidic subunits in glycinin had a positive correlation with solubility (r = 0.69 at P < 0.05). Emulsion activity at pH 6 was higher for genotypes synthesizing β′ subunit (r = 0.57 at P < 0.05). Genotypes synthesizing higher amounts of α′ and α subunit had higher emulsion stability at pH 6 (r = 0.85 and r = 0.92 at P < 0.05, respectively) and pH 8 (r = 0.91 and r = 0.97 at P < 0.05, respectively). The rheological measurements showed that genotypes with 11S/7S ratio higher than 2.2 formed gels with enhanced storage moduli. This influence was largely due to the high content of SH groups in glycinin acidic polypeptides resulting in stabilization of gels via disulfide bonding. Gels prepared from genotypes containing higher amounts of β′ subunit of β‐conglycinin exhibited reduced elastic properties. Genotypes showing better solubility also had higher emulsion stability, but formed weaker gels and had lower emulsion activity near neutral pH.
Isolation of High Oleate Recombinants in Peanut by Near Infra‐Red Spectroscopy and Confirmation With Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Marker
Authors: Mondal Suvendu , Nazareth Jennifer , Bhad Poonam G. , Badigannavar Anand M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer offers rapid, noninvasive, nondestructive, and high‐throughput phenotyping of seed samples for use in agriculture and industry. In this study, a reflectance‐based NIR spectrophotometer was calibrated and used for the isolation of desirable higher‐oleic‐acid peanut recombinants from single‐seed‐derived segregating populations at F7 and F8 generations. A calibration model was developed through partial least‐square regression using wet chemistry data from 158 peanut genotypes. Desirable prediction for oil, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid in intact seed was obtained based on this calibration. It detected significant high correlations (r) and coefficient of determination (R2) between the actual gas chromatography values and NIR predicted values of fatty acid profile in another 123 peanut genotypes that were generated from crosses involving a high‐oleate mutant and Spanish bunch varieties with early maturity. From this recombinant single‐seed‐derived progenies, 15 higher‐oleate recombinants were isolated and later genotyped through an in‐house developed polymerase chain reaction‐based allele specific marker. The present study has generated high‐oleate peanut recombinants with early maturity in Spanish bunch background. The breeding materials generated here will be evaluated for yield attributing traits at different locations in future.
Cellular Changes in “Hass” Avocado Mesocarp During Cold‐Pressed Oil Extraction
Authors: Yang Shuo , Hallett Ian , Rebstock Ria , Oh Hyunah E. , Kam Rothman , Woolf Allan B. , Wong Marie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand factors affecting oil release from “Hass” avocado cells during the cold‐pressed oil extraction process. Early‐season “Hass” avocado fruit and pulp were sampled from a commercial extraction process. Light microscopy and electrical impedance spectroscopy were used to examine avocado flesh structure at defined steps during the extraction process (destoning, grinding, malaxing, and decanting). Most parenchyma cells were ruptured during destoning, grinding, and mixing before malaxing. In contrast, the other oil bearing cells, idioblast cells, appeared to remain unruptured and intact during the extraction process. The greatest reduction in electrical resistance was observed after the destoning step. There were also significant differences between the resistances of flesh after destoning, grinding, and prior to malaxing samples. Malaxing for two hours assisted the process of oil aggregation, which led to a greater oil yield. These findings will help to develop methods to enhance oil extraction from early‐season “Hass” avocado fruit.
Enzymatic Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of 1‐Caffeoylglycerol Prepared from Alkyl Caffeates and Glycerol
Authors: Meng Xiang‐Yun , Xu Yan , Wu Jin‐Xian , Zhu Chang‐Tong , Zhang Dong‐Yang , Wu Guo‐Hua , Wu Fu‐An , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCaffeic acid (CA) as a strong antioxidant has lower solubility in nonpolar media, which limits its application in the food industry. To increase the lipophilicity of CA, 1‐caffeoylglycerol (1‐CG) was synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed transesterification of alkyl caffeates in solvent‐free system and its antioxidant capacity was investigated. Methyl caffeate was screened as the appropriate substrate from tested alkyl caffeates with a yield of 90.63%. Ethyl acetate was used for extracting 1‐CG from enzymatic reactants and could be easily recycled. The produced 1‐CG had 2.5‐ and 10‐fold lower values of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (10.86 and 3.99 μM) than butylated hydroxyanisole by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and β‐carotene‐linoleic acid assays, respectively. Thus, 1‐CG is an excellent antioxidant for application in the functional food industry. Using alkyl caffeates and glycerol as substrates to produce 1‐CG catalyzed by immobilized lipase in a solvent‐free system is a simple, selective, and safe bioprocess that can readily be achieved in the food industry, and the product 1‐CG could be widely applied in food, nutraceutical, and biotechnological products.
Ultrastructure of Highly Ordered Granules in Alveolar Type II Cells in Several Species
Authors: Miller Marian L. , Porollo Aleksey , Wert Susan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAlveolar Type II cells from seven mammalian species were examined for a protein in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which showed a multilayered, repeating motif. Each motif, 100 nm in width, comprised two parallel outer dense layers, a less dense central layer, and often 1–3 faint layers on either side of the latter. Outer layers showed periodicities at 3–4 densities/100 nm of width, while layers on either side of the central layer showed 5–7 densities/100 nm of width. RER membranes were ribosome‐free when parallel to these layers, but showed four ribosomes per motif at the growing ends: one ribosome at each outer dense layer, and one on either side of the less dense central layer. Granules appeared as single or as multiple motifs, stacked, curved, folded, or branching together within the same RER profile. Hexagons of around 30 nm in diameter with central densities were seen in tangential cuts of outer dense layers. Granule incidence varied: guinea pig > ferret > dog. Possible homologous structures occurred in rabbit and cat, but not in rat or mouse. Surfactant protein A (SP‐A), a C‐type lectin produced in Type II cells, forms trimers and bouquet‐like 18‐mer and can oligomerize further. Two pairs of SP‐A 18‐mers with carbohydrate recognition domains pointing inwardly and outwardly, stacked vertically as a column of four molecules, then repeated side by side in rows, approximated the size and layering patterns observed in these granules. Sequence analyses of SP‐A from these species showed phylogenetic distances consistent with the observed occurrence and frequency of patterned granules. Anat Rec, 301:1290–1302, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.