bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent epileptiform discharges in the medial entorhinal cortex of kainate‐treated rats are differentially sensitive to antiseizure drugs
Authors: West Peter J. , Saunders Gerald W. , Billingsley Peggy , Smith Misty D. , White H. Steve , Metcalf Cameron S. , Wilcox Karen S. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveApproximately 30% of patients with epilepsy are refractory to existing antiseizure drugs (ASDs). Given that the properties of the central nervous systems of these patients are likely to be altered due to their epilepsy, tissues from rodents that have undergone epileptogenesis might provide a therapeutically relevant disease substrate for identifying compounds capable of attenuating pharmacoresistant seizures. To facilitate the development of such a model, this study describes the effects of classical glutamate receptor antagonists and 20 ASDs on recurrent epileptiform discharges (REDs) in brain slices derived from the kainate‐induced status epilepticus model of temporal lobe epilepsy (KA‐rats).MethodsHorizontal brain slices containing the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) were prepared from KA‐rats, and REDs were recorded from the superficial layers. 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione, (2R)‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid, tetrodotoxin, or ASDs were bath applied for 20 minutes. Concentration‐dependent effects and half maximal effective concentration values were determined for RED duration, frequency, and amplitude.ResultsASDs targeting sodium and potassium channels (carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine, ezogabine, lamotrigine, lacosamide, phenytoin, and rufinamide) attenuated REDs at concentrations near their average therapeutic plasma concentrations. γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synaptic transmission–modulating ASDs (clobazam, midazolam, phenobarbital, stiripentol, tiagabine, and vigabatrin) attenuated REDs only at higher concentrations and, in some cases, prolonged RED durations. ASDs with other/mixed mechanisms of action (bumetanide, ethosuximide, felbamate, gabapentin, levetiracetam, topiramate, and valproate) and glutamate receptor antagonists weakly or incompletely inhibited RED frequency, increased RED duration, or had no significant effects.SignificanceTaken together, these data suggest that epileptiform activity recorded from the superficial layers of the mEC in slices obtained from KA‐rats is differentially sensitive to existing ASDs. The different sensitivities of REDs to these ASDs may reflect persistent molecular, cellular, and/or network‐level changes resulting from disease. These data are expected to serve as a foundation upon which future therapeutics may be differentiated and assessed for potentially translatable efficacy in patients with refractory epilepsy.
Ecosystems say good management pays off
Authors: Fulton Elizabeth A. , Punt André E. , Dichmont Catherine M. , Harvey Chris J. , Gorton Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the strengths and weaknesses of alternative assessment methods, harvest strategies and management approaches are an important part of operationalizing single‐species and ecosystem‐based fisheries management. Simulations run using two variants of a whole‐of‐ecosystem model for the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery (SESSF) area shows that (a) data‐rich assessments outperform data‐poor assessments for target species and that this performance is reflected in the values of many system‐level ecosystem indicators; (b) ecosystem and multispecies management outperforms single‐species management applied over the same domain; (c) investment in robust science‐based fisheries management pays dividends even when there are multiple jurisdictions, some of which are not implementing effective management; and (d) that multispecies yield‐oriented strategies can deliver higher total catches without a notable decline in overall system performance, although the resulting system structure is different to that obtained with other forms of ecosystem‐based management.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid production of Jacobaea aquatica and contamination of forage in meadows of Northern Austria
Authors: Chizzola Remigius , Bassler‐Binder Gabriele , Karrer Gerhard , Kriechbaum Monika 
Published: October 2018

AbstractJacobaea aquatica (=Senecio aquaticus, Asteraceae), marsh ragwort, grows regionally in low management intensity wet grasslands in various European countries. The plant can be regarded as a noxious weed as it contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which cause health problems in livestock. In the Waldviertel region of Northern Austria, marsh ragwort has established dense populations as the fertilizing and production intensity of the meadows changed during the last decades. Ragwort biomass production and alkaloid concentration in J. aquatica were recorded during three consecutive years at three sites to study the effects of two treatments: cutting twice a year either early in June plus September, or in July plus August, respectively. Six PAs (Z‐erucifoline > senecionine > integerrimine > seneciphylline > acetyl‐erucifoline and acetyl‐seneciphylline) were evaluated. The alkaloid contents were highest in July and August when 600–1,400 mg/kg dry matter (DM) total PAs occurred in most ragwort samples. Consequently, the forage can easily be contaminated with 40–80 mg/kg DM of PAs and may present a health risk for domestic animals and also affect human health as these alkaloids are transferred into milk.
Aristocracies in early medieval Italy, ca. 500–1000 CE
Authors: Schoolman Edward M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the 500 years after the political collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century CE, various new groups entered Italy, recasting the ranks of the wealthiest and most powerful individuals and local elites. In the social hierarchy of the late fifth century, Ostrogothic elite would exist in parallel with the late Roman aristocracy, while later arrivals—Lombards, Byzantines, and Franks, among others—would form entirely new aristocracies, bound primarily by local landownership and management, leaving behind the administrative apparatus of the late Roman Empire. Consequently, Italian aristocracies, especially at their highest levels, tended to reflect the conditions of their political systems through the tenth century, when changing pressures caused many family groups of the social and political elite to take on the qualities of hereditary nobility. This article traces the various developments of aristocracies, their composition, and contemporary definitions of dominant groups.
Material recycling in a sediment‐starved trench recorded in the Early Cretaceous Shiriya accretionary complex, Northeast Japan
Authors: Ueda Hayato , Kimura Sho , Saito Takahiro , Takano Yumi , Iizuka Natsumi , Orihashi Yuji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIdentifying and examining geological processes that have occurred in sediment‐starved trenches of ancient non‐accretionary subduction zones exposed on land are still challenging, because such style of subduction is believed to leave scarce rock records. Our new geological mapping, petrography of coarse clastic rocks, radiolarian and zircon U–Pb dating of the Shiriya accretionary complex in Northeast Japan suggest that the younger parts (Sr1 unit) of the complex formed in a sediment‐starved trench. The key observation is that debris derived from the inner trench slope directly overlies pelagic chert in many sections where trench turbidites are lacking. A significant mass of turbidites occurring in other sections are also considered to represent distal facies of the debrites from the adjacent inner trench slope, rather than normal trench‐fill turbidites directly supplied from the continental landmass. These recycled materials from the inner trench slope comprised an imbricate frontal accretionary wedge, together with pelagic siliceous deposits of ocean floor origin. This accretionary wedge of debrite origin suggests that mass wasting on inner slopes of sediment‐starved trenches does not always result in tectonic erosion (removal of materials from the upper plate), but results in material recycling to reconstruct a new frontal accretionary wedge. The spatial dimensions of the recycling cell may be one of the critical differences between accretionary and non‐accretionary margins. Recycled continental materials transported by turbidites from remote landmasses construct frontal wedges in accretionary margins, whereas mass wasting on adjacent slopes and re‐accretion at the trench recycle continental materials in non‐accretionary margins. The transition from an accretionary to non‐accretionary (i.e. sediment‐starved) trench detected in the Shiriya Complex potentially records tectonic response of the inner trench slope to increased friction along the subduction interface.
Effects of emulsifier type on physical and oxidative stabilities of algae oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Chang Hyeon‐Jun , Shin Kwang‐Seup , Lee Jeung‐Hee 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAlgae oil‐in‐water emulsions were prepared using sodium caseinate (SC, 0.5%), whey protein concentrate (WPC, 0.5%), and a mixture of TWEEN80 (T80, 0.5%), and SPAN80 (SP80, 0.6%), and their emulsification and oxidative stabilities during storage were compared. Oil droplet sizes of SC‐ and T80+SP80‐emulsions were smaller than that of WPC‐emulsion. Serum layer appeared in all emulsions from day 15, and serum layer thicknesses were higher in WPC‐emulsion than SC‐ and T80+SP80‐emulsions, but an excess layer oil was observed only at the top of T80+SP80‐emulsion until day 36. According to conjugated dienes, aldehydes, hydroperoxide and TBARS values, the oxidative stability of SC‐emulsion was better than those of WPC‐ and T80+SP80‐emulsions. This trend was also observed in fatty acid profiles of the emulsions showing the largest DHA reduction and palmitic acid increase in T80+SP80‐emulsion, followed by WPC‐ and SC‐emulsions. In present study, sodium caseinate formed stable algae oil‐in‐water emulsions with excellent antioxidative activity.
Enhancing training with well‐designed checklists
Authors: Fletcher Keaton A , Bedwell Wendy L , Frick Sarah E , Telford Britany N 
Published: October 2018

The theory of mental workload suggests that job aids should be particularly useful if they provide resources for individuals without creating excessive, additional cognitive burden. We tested this proposition by examining the individual and interactive effects of task‐based training and checklist design on training performance. Undergraduate students (N = 229) were randomly assigned to task‐based or non‐task‐based training, and to one of three checklists or no checklist to aid training performance. The three checklists were (1) designed to provide low levels of detail but highly structured, (2) high levels of detail and highly structured or (3) high levels of detail with low structure. Results suggest checklists improve accuracy and also minimize psychological strain, yet at the cost of reduced speed. This suggests industries in which accuracy is critical to performance outcomes should consider how checklists, such as safety checklists, are designed. Implications for checklist design and provision are discussed.
Three‐dimensional mean stone density measurement is superior for predicting extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy success
Authors: Yamashita Shimpei , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Iwahashi Yuya , Iguchi Takashi , Iba Akinori , Nishizawa Satoshi , Hara Isao 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of three‐dimensional images of stones to measure mean stone density for predicting the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 239 patients who underwent shock wave lithotripsy with pretreatment non‐contrast computed tomography. We automatically measured the mean stone density of three‐dimensional images of stones using a high‐functional viewer. For comparison, mean stone density was also measured by two previously reported techniques using both the abdominal windows and the bone windows on the axial slice at the level of the largest diameter of the stone. We compared the outcome predictive power after the first treatment with outcomes according to measurement by four other methods. We also carried out logistic regression analysis, including mean stone density measured by three‐dimensional images.ResultsThe single treatment success rate was 48.5%. The effect size (14.148) of the mean stone density measured by three‐dimensional images was higher than those of the other four manual methods. In addition, the area under the curve (0.6330) of the mean stone density measured by three‐dimensional images was significantly higher than those of the other methods. Increasing stone volume (P = 0.002) and increasing mean stone density measured by three‐dimensional images (P = 0.023) were significant independent predictors of the treatment outcome on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThis is the first study to compare the predictive powers for shock wave lithotripsy outcome of various mean stone density measuring methods. There is an indication that mean stone density automatically measured by three‐dimensional images of stones is more useful than other measuring methods for predicting outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy.
Heterotypic trajectories of dimensional psychopathology across the lifespan: the case of youth‐onset attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Manfro Arthur Gus , Santoro Marcos , Polanczyk Guilherme Vanoni , Gadelha Ary , Pan Pedro Mario , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca , Brietzke Elisa , Talarico Fernanda , Belangero Sintia , Rohde Luis Augusto , Salum Giovanni Abrahão 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated the existence of a distinct late‐onset attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) trajectory. Our objective is to test if there are distinct ADHD trajectories regarding age of onset from childhood to adolescence and to compare clinical manifestations, cognitive functions and genetic risk for ADHD among distinct longitudinal groups.MethodNine hundred and twenty four children and adolescents from the community participated in the study. We compared clinical, cognitive features and genetic risk among four groups of participants: (a) childhood‐limited, (b) youth‐onset, (c) childhood‐onset with youth persistence, and (d) community comparisons without ADHD. Symptomatic and diagnostic assessments were performed using the Development and Well‐Being Behavior Assessment, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Child Behavior Checklist. Cognitive functions were measured using a battery of standardized tests. Genetic risk for ADHD was calculating using summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.ResultsHalf of the adolescents (52%) with ADHD had their symptom onset in adolescence. The impairment level of this group in adolescence is similar to the persistent group. Despite not having ADHD, the youth‐onset group already presented in childhood more symptoms from other domains of psychopathology, higher shared variance in psychiatric symptomatology (p‐factor), school impairment, and executive dysfunctions than community comparisons. Furthermore, the youth‐onset group presented lower levels of genetic risk for ADHD compared to other cases.ConclusionsA significant proportion of adolescents with ADHD were youth‐onset cases and presented similar impairment levels as those cases with early‐onset ADHD. The presence of cognitive impairments and higher levels of clinical symptoms in the youth‐onset group already at childhood speaks in favor of a heterotypic trajectory of psychopathology suggesting that youth‐onset ADHD might be an artificial consequence of categorizing dimensional psychopathology into discrete diagnostic groups.
Prevalence and sequelae of self‐reported and other‐reported sexual abuse in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Gil‐Llario M. D. , Morell‐Mengual V. , Díaz‐Rodríguez I. , Ballester‐Arnal R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundSexual victimisation is an important problem that affects millions of people around the world, especially those with some kind of disability. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self‐reported and documented sexual abuse in people with mild or moderate intellectual disability and to analyse the sequelae that such experiences can have on their psychosocial health.MethodsThe sample consisted of 360 adults (50% men and 50% women) between 18 and 55 years of age (M = 39.87; standard deviation = 10.55).ResultsThe prevalence of sexual abuse is 6.10% when it is self‐reported (9.4% in women and 2.8% in men) and 28.6% when it is reported by professionals (27.8% in women and 29.4% in men). People who self‐report cases of abuse present poorer quality of life, more negative attitudes towards sex and a lower capacity to identify situations that entail a risk of sexual abuse. Individuals who have suffered documented cases of abuse are more likely to present encopresis, social isolation, self‐harm and a higher number of suicide attempts.ConclusionsOur results evidence the need to have access to all sources of information so as to be able to obtain prevalence figures that match the real situation and to perform a proper analysis of the sequelae.
Aberrant histone modification and inflammatory cytokine production of peripheral CD4+ T cells in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Shen Jun , Yin Cao , Jiang Xiao , Wang Xuan , Yang Shujuan , Song Guangbao 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundsTo investigate alterations in histone modification and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), and to evaluate correlations with inflammatory cytokine production.MethodsGlobal histone H3/H4 acetylation and HDAC activity in CD4+ T cells from 23 patients with OLP and 10 healthy control subjects were examined using spectrophotometry. The mRNA levels of eight members of four classes of HDAC genes were measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Forty cytokines involved in inflammation were examined with a cytokine array. The correlation between histone modification and cytokine production was analyzed.ResultsGlobal histone H3 hypo‐acetylation was observed in OLP patients. Patients with OLP had significantly higher HDACs activity,and higher HDAC6 and HDAC7 mRNA level compared with the controls. Of the 40 cytokines in the cytokine array, eight were significantly increased in OLP patients: interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐8, IL‐1ra, tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFR II), macrophage inflammatory protein 1b (MIP‐1b), fibrosis‐associated tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP)‐1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1), and eotaxin‐2. In the OLP group, the acetylation level of histone H3 was negatively correlated with IL‐4 and MCP‐1 production, and the expression of HDAC6 mRNA was positively correlated with MCP‐1 production. In the non‐erosive subgroup, acetylation of histone H3 was negatively correlated with IL‐4, IL‐16, and TIMP‐2 production. In the erosive OLP subgroup, the expression of HDAC7 mRNA was positively correlated with MIP‐1a production.ConclusionAberrant histone modification of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood could occur in OLP patients, and possibly affects inflammatory cytokine production.
What to do with vacant and abandoned residential structures? The effects of teardowns and rehabilitations on nearby properties
Authors: vom Hofe Rainer , Parent Olivier , Grabill Meghan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the presented paper, we estimate the impacts of three distinct housing policy interventions to deal with distressed and abandoned residential properties: leaving vacant buildings in their current state, remodeling/rebuilding residential structures, and razing vacant structures. We show that vacant structures negatively impact nearby housing up to 4.1%, but when demolition is followed by complete reconstruction, neighboring housing can be appreciated by as much as 14.1%. In addition, negative spillover effects from foreclosures and vacant buildings are primarily observed in low‐income and middle‐income Census tracts, whereas positive spillover effects generated by remodeling are seen in high‐income Census tracts.
Spatial inequality and urban costs: Revisiting the home market effect
Authors: Zhou Yiming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates how the interactions between product differentiation, transport costs, and urban costs determine the spatial inequality in a general‐equilibrium model. We shed light on the interrelation between different definitions of home market effect (HME) in literature. While the wages in the large region are always higher, the HME in industrial distribution occurs in a limited range of parameters, implying that the HME in factor price is more pervasive. Moreover, we show that the reverse HME is the more common outcome. It indicates that neglecting urban costs in theoretical methodologies tends to overestimate the existence of HME. We also disclose how a change in urban costs or transport costs affects regional inequalities and welfare.
International, multicentre, observational study of fluid bolus therapy in neonates
Authors: Keir Amy K , Karam Oliver , Hodyl Nicolette , Stark Michael J , Liley Helen G , Shah Prakesh S , Stanworth Simon J ,   on behalf of the NeoBolus Study Group
Published: October 2018

AimTo assess the prevalence, types and indications for fluid bolus therapy in neonates with haemodynamic compromise.MethodsThis was a pragmatic, international, multicentre observational study in neonatal units across Australasia, Europe and North America with a predefined study period of 10–15 study days per participating neonatal unit between December 2015 and March 2017. Infants ≤28 days of age who received a fluid bolus for the management of haemodynamic compromise (≥10 mL/kg given at ≤6 h) were included.ResultsA total of 163 neonates received a bolus over 8479 eligible patient days in 41 neonatal units. Prevalence of fluid bolus therapy varied between centres from 0 to 28.6% of admitted neonates per day, with a pooled prevalence rate of 1.5% (95% confidence interval 1.1–1.9%). The most common fluid used was 0.9% sodium chloride (129/163; 79%), and the volume of fluid administered was most commonly 10 mL/kg (115/163; 71%) over a median of 30 min (interquartile range 20–60). The most frequent indications were hypotension (n = 56; 34%), poor perfusion (n = 20; 12%) and metabolic acidosis (n = 20; 12%). Minimal or no clinical improvement was reported by clinicians in 66 of 163 cases (40%).ConclusionsWide international variations in types, indications and effects of fluid bolus administration in haemodynamically compromised neonates suggest uncertainty in the risk–benefit profile. This is likely to reflect the lack of robust evidence to support the efficacy of different fluid types, doses and appropriate indications. Together, these highlight a need for further clinically relevant studies.