bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating transcription factor 1 promoted migration and invasion in lung cancer cells through regulating EGFR and MMP‐2
Authors: Cui Jinggang , Yin Zhaofang , Liu Guohua , Chen Xiaojun , Gao Xiaolai , Lu Huiling , Li Wei , Lin Dang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLung cancer is among the most frequently occurring cancers and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Nonsmall cell lung cancer is accountable for 85% to 90% of all lung cancer cases and develops distant metastases with high mortality. In this work, we elucidated the role of activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) in migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. We found that the migration and invasion were inhibited with ATF1 silencing in lung cancer cells. By contrast, ATF1 overexpression led to promotion in migration and invasion. The alteration in ATF1 expression induced a change in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2 expression level in the same tendency. Thus, we provided a potential new candidate for therapies against lung cancer, showing the possible mechanism underlying the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells.
Melatonin mediates mucosal immune cells, microbial metabolism, and rhythm crosstalk: A therapeutic target to reduce intestinal inflammation
Authors: Ma Ning , Zhang Jie , Reiter Russel J. , Ma Xi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNowadays, melatonin, previously considered only as a pharmaceutical product for rhythm regulation and sleep aiding, has shown its potential as a co‐adjuvant treatment in intestinal diseases, however, its mechanism is still not very clear. A firm connection between melatonin at a physiologically relevant concentration and the gut microbiota and inflammation has recently established. Herein, we summarize their crosstalk and focus on four novelties. First, how melatonin is synthesized and degraded in the gut and exerts potentially diverse phenotypic effects through its diverse metabolites. Second, how melatonin mediates the activation and proliferation of intestinal mucosal immune cells with paracrine and autocrine properties. By modulating T/B cells, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, melatonin immunomodulatory involved in regulating T‐cell differentiation, intervening T/B cell interaction and attenuating the production of pro‐inflammatory factors, achieving its antioxidant action via specific receptors. Third, how melatonin exerts antimicrobial action and modulates microbial components, such as lipopolysaccharide, amyloid‐β peptides via nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) or signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1) pathway to modulate intestinal immune function in immune‐pineal axis. The last, how melatonin mediates the effect of intestinal bacterial activity signals on the body rhythm system through the NF‐κB pathway and influences the mucosal epithelium oscillation via clock gene expression. These processes are achieved at mitochondrial and nuclear levels to control the host immune cell development. Considering unclear mechanisms and undiscovered actions of melatonin in gut‐microbiome‐immune axis, it's time to reveal them and provide new insight for the outlook of melatonin as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment and management of intestinal diseases.
Occurrence of meridional and easterly surges and their impact on Malaysian rainfall during the northeast monsoon: a climatology study
Authors: Fakaruddin Fadila Jasmin , Yip Weng Sang , Diong Jeong Yik , Dindang Ambun , K. Chang Nursalleh , Abdullah Muhammad Helmi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe cold surge or meridional surge (MS) is known to be one of the main features that contributes to extreme Malaysian rainfall events during the boreal winter or northeast monsoon. This study investigates other factors that contribute to the heavy rainfall, besides the cold surge, as well as their impacts on rainfall in the Malaysian region. Based on known methods, two additional types of surge are identified, namely the easterly surge (ES) and the mixed surge (MES), which is a mixture of both ES and MS. Daily average wind data from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis ERA‐Interim for 37 seasons of the northeast monsoon (1979–1980 to 2016–2017, October–March) were used to identify the MSs, ESs and MESs. The impact of these surges on rainfall in the Malaysian region was investigated by using the rainfall data from the meteorological stations of the Malaysian Meteorological Department and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. The results showed that the MS plays an important role in modulating heavy rainfall in the early season over the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Meanwhile, the ES dominates the rainfall distribution over Sarawak in the late middle season. The rainfall modulated by the MES shows a higher intensity and concentrates over the southern part of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. These findings provide a climatological view of the spatial and temporal distribution of heavy rainfall associated with different types of surge, which can be used as a forecasting tool for predicting surges and their impacts.
Microstrip slot antenna as an indoor wireless RFID with multiband attributes based on composite right‐hand/left‐hand load
Authors: Azizi Shabnam , Naderi Mohammad , Hatami Ahmad , Zarrabi Ferdows B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe goal of the present work is to present a slot antenna for wireless application based on a stack layer and composite right‐hand/left‐hand technique to achieve a multiband characteristic together with miniaturization and gain enhancement. This antenna covers 1.825 to 1.975 GHz for global system for mobile communications 1800, 2.9 to 4.3 GHz for long‐term evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability in Microwave Access, and 5.2 to 5.8 GHz for Wi‐Fi networks with the return loss of less than −6 dB (VSWR<3). We used a slit ring resonator structure with four vias and strip as the left‐hand circuit. We have also utilized a disk at the center of the top layer to improve the bandwidth and matching. We present the equivalent RLC circuit model for the final antenna which can help us realize the role of capacitance and inductances based on parametric studies. Both layers are fabricated over the FR4 substrate, and experimental results confirm the simulation results obtained by the HFSS. Moreover, the stack layer provides higher directivity and gain in comparison with the conventional slot antenna.
Preliminary results of a 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT prospective study in prostate cancer patients with occult recurrence: Diagnostic performance and impact on therapeutic decision‐making
Authors: Rousseau Caroline , Le Thiec Maelle , Ferrer Ludovic , Rusu Daniela , Rauscher Aurore , Maucherat Bruno , Frindel Mathieu , Baumgartner Pierre , Fleury Vincent , Denis Antoine , Morel Agnes , Varmenot Nicolas , Debeaupuis Emilie , Campion Loic , Kraeber‐Bodéré Francoise 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this prospective study (NCT03443609), we investigated the impact of 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET‐CT on the treatment plan and therapeutic response obtained for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) presenting a recurrence with a low rising PSA.MethodsOne hundred thirty hormone‐naive (PSA < 1.5 ng/mL) patients were enrolled. All patients received radical treatment. PET images were recorded 1 and 2  hours after injection of tracer and interpreted by two independent nuclear physicians. Six months after treatment ended, a PSA assay was requested to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment based on PSMA results.ResultsData analysis for the first 52 included patients has been completed. 68Ga‐PSMA‐11–positive lesions were detected in 38/52 (73.1%) patients. Ninety‐four lesions were detected as follows, 53/94 in lymph nodes (56.4%), 25/94 in bone (26.6%), and 12/94 into the prostate bed (12.7%). Detection rates were 58%, 81%, and 82% for serum PSA levels lower than 0.25 ng/mL, between 0.25 to ≤ 0.69  ng/mL and 0.70  ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the PSMA PET‐CT, therapeutic management changed in 38/52 patients (73.1%). Patients had undetectable serum PSA levels after treatment guided by 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET‐CT results in 10/52 (19.2%) cases and with a PSA decrease of over 60% in 18/52 (34.6%) patients.ConclusionWhilst our patient population presented a very low PSA level, preliminary results of the 68Ga‐PSMA PET‐CT study showed recurrence localization in more than half of the patients and this had a major clinical impact, as it resulted in treatment change in more than half of the patients and a significant decrease in PSA levels in a third of patients.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Adults and Children Reveal a Role of Intracellular Tubulin Binding in Vincristine Disposition
Authors: Lee Christine M. , Zane Nicole R. , Veal Gareth , Thakker Dhiren R. 
Published: August 2019

Vincristine is a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent used as first‐line therapy for pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is cleared by hepatic oxidative metabolism by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 and via hepatic (biliary) efflux mediated by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) transporter. Bottom‐up physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed to predict vincristine disposition in pediatric and adult populations. The models incorporated physicochemical properties, metabolism by CYP3A4/5, efflux by P‐gp, and intracellular binding to β‐tubulin. The adult and pediatric PBPK models predicted pharmacokinetics (PK) within twofold of the observed PK parameters (area under the curve, terminal half‐life, volume of distribution, and clearance). Simulating a higher hypothetical (4.9‐fold) pediatric expression of β‐tubulin relative to adult improved predictions of vincristine PKs. To our knowledge, this is the first time that intracellular binding has been incorporated into a pediatric PBPK model. Utilizing this PBPK modeling approach, safe and effective doses of vincristine could be predicted.
Suspended Spot‐Size Converters for Scalable Single‐Photon Devices
Authors: Uğurlu Aslı D. , Thyrrestrup Henri , Uppu Ravitej , Ouellet‐Plamondon Claudéric , Schott Rüdiger , Wieck Andreas D. , Ludwig Arne , Lodahl Peter , Midolo Leonardo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe realization of a highly efficient optical spot‐size converter for the end‐face coupling of single photons from GaAs‐based nanophotonic waveguides with embedded quantum dots is reported. The converter is realized using an inverted taper and an epoxy polymer overlay providing a 1.3 µm output mode field diameter. The collection of single photons from a quantum dot into a lensed fiber with a rate of 5.84 ± 0.01 MHz is demonstrated and a chip‐to‐fiber coupling efficiency of is estimated. The stability and compatibility with cryogenic temperatures make the epoxy waveguides a promising material to realize efficient and scalable interconnects between heterogeneous quantum photonic integrated circuits.
Engaging ‘the crowd’ in remote sensing to learn about habitat affinity of the Weddell seal in Antarctica
Authors: LaRue Michelle A. , Ainley David G. , Pennycook Jean , Stamatiou Kostas , Salas Leo , Nur Nadav , Stammerjohn Sharon , Barrington Luke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSatellites Over Seals (SOS), a project initiated in late 2016, is a crowdsourced method to determine factors behind the presence/absence patterns and to ultimately determine the global population of the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii). An iconic species, the Weddell seal is proposed to be part of the Antarctic Research and Monitoring Program required in the newly designated Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area. This species is easy to detect via satellite imagery, due to its large size (3–4 m long, 1 m wide) and its dark color contrasting with the Antarctic coastal fast ice, where it aggregates on during breeding season. Using very high‐resolution satellite imagery (VHR; 0.31–0.60 m resolution) and the online platform Tomnod, we used VHR images from November 2010 and 2011 to cover the entirety of available fast ice around Antarctica. Before correcting for time of day or date, we searched for the presence/absence to identify a subset of where abundance estimates should be concentrated. More than 325 000 citizen scientists searched 790 VHR images, covering 268 611 km2of fast ice, to determine the locations of seals. Algorithms ranked searchers to the degree their votes corresponded with others, a measure of searcher relative quality that we used to filter out unreliable searchers. Seal presence was detected on only 0.55% of available maps (totaln = 1 116 058) within fast ice, revealing a sparse, irregular distribution. The rate of false‐negative detections was 1.7%, though false positives were high (67%), highlighting the importance of training for image interpretation to ensure differentiation between seals and landscape features (such as large rocks, ice chunks or depressions/holes in the ice). This approach not only allowed us to assess image resolution and quality, but also training, outreach and the effectiveness of this platform for introducing citizen scientists to the ecology of the Southern Ocean.
Near‐Infrared Nonfullerene Acceptors Based on Benzobis(thiazole) Unit for Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss
Authors: Li Shuixing , Zhan Lingling , Lau Tsz‐Ki , Yu Zhi‐Peng , Yang Weitao , Andersen Thomas R. , Fu Zhisheng , Li Chang‐Zhi , Lu Xinhui , Shi Minmin , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe simultaneous achievement of a low energy loss and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) response is the prerequisite for high power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, this issue is examined through the design of two novel near‐infrared (NIR) nonfullerene acceptors (X‐PCIC and X1‐PCIC) with an absorption extending to 900 nm, which is realized by using benzobis(thiazole) unit as the core. This study reveals that benzobis(thiazole) unit with the quinoid‐resonance effect and electron‐withdrawing property is a good building block in extending absorption and maintaining suitable energy levels. Single crystal cultivation proves the function of S···N noncovalent interaction in locking molecular geometry. Besides, through adopting two different terminals (fluorinated terminal for X‐PCIC and thiophene‐fused terminal for X1‐PCIC), it is found that an increase in the J‐aggregation strength has a significant positive effect on the EQE response of the devices through the formation of more suitable domain sizes and crystallinity in the films, while the energy loss remains low (≈0.53 eV) and unaffected. Thus, a high efficiency of 11.50% is presented for OSC based on the X‐PCIC with stronger J‐aggregation strength, better than that (10.17%) based on the X1‐PCIC with weaker J‐aggregation strength. This work clearly demonstrates the application of benzobis(thiazole) unit in efficient small molecule acceptors and the importance of J‐aggregation modulation for the simultaneous achievement of low energy loss and high EQE response.
Detection, occurrence, and fate of emerging contaminants in agricultural environments (2019)
Authors: Snow Daniel D. , Cassada David A. , Biswas Saptashati , Malakar Arindam , D’Alessio Matteo , Carter Laura J. , Johnson Rachel D. , Sallach Jonathan Brett 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA review of 82 papers published in 2018 is presented. The topics ranged from detailed descriptions of analytical methods, to fate and occurrence studies, to ecological effects and sampling techniques for a wide variety of emerging contaminants likely to occur in agricultural environments. New methods and studies on veterinary pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and engineered nanomaterials in agricultural environments continue to expand our knowledge base on the occurrence and potential impacts of these compounds. This review is divided into the following sections: Introduction, Analytical Methods, Fate and Occurrence, Pharmaceutical Metabolites, Anthelmintics, Microplastics, and Engineered Nanomaterials.Practitioner points

New research describes innovative new techniques for emerging contaminant detection in agricultural settings.

Newer classes of contaminants include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals.

Research in microplastics and nanomaterials shows that these also occur in agricultural environments and will likely be topics of future work.
Etiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in Sulaimani governorate-Kurdistan region-Iraq- retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Hiwa Omer , Ahmed Saiwan Hameed 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding is arbitrarily defined as bleeding of less than 3 days in duration, while chronic lower gastrointestinal bleeding is the passage of blood from the rectum over a period of several days or longer and usually implies that blood loss is intermittent or slow.

Objectives:
To find the causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and to find the commonest cause to raise awareness of the gastroenterologist personnel, surgeons and internists.

Patients and methods:
The study was conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional study, 734 patients from a total number of 854 patients, underwent colonoscopy in Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan region-Iraq, were recruited, it took a period of 10 months; from 2nd January 2018 to 31st October in 2018. Clinical examination, digital rectal examination, and colonoscopy with biopsy were arranged for each patient.

Results:
Bleeding due to hemorrhoid was the most frequent diagnosis (n = 211, 28.74%) which reported during colonoscopy, which was more common in males (n = 113, 15.3%) than females (n = 98, 13.3%) with female to male ratio of (0.86).

Conclusion:
The most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the area is hemorrhoid. Colonoscopy is superior to physical and digital rectal examination in detecting cause of bleeding in lower GIT bleeding.

Highlights:
Mild cognitive impairment has similar alterations as Alzheimer's disease in gut microbiota
Authors: Li Binyin , He Yixi , Ma Jianfang , Huang Pei , Du Juanjuan , Cao Li , Wang Yan , Xiao Qin , Tang Huidong , Chen Shengdi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveGut microbiota changes before the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the alterations could be detected in the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The findings might offer diagnostic biomarkers before the onset of dementia.BackgroundAD is the most common cause of dementia, and MCI is the predementia state. Recent studies suggest the alterations in the gut microbial communities associated with AD, whereas the microbiota in MCI before the onset of dementia has not been discovered and characterized in humans.New/Updated HypothesisWe hypothesize that the dysbiosis happens in the MCI stage. Patients with AD and MCI have decreased microbial diversity, and changes in gut microbiota could be detected for early detection of AD. In our preliminary study, we identified differences between AD and normal controls in 11 genera from the feces and 11 genera from the blood. No difference in genera between AD and MCI was detected. Using the diagnostic model from fecal samples with all different genera input, 93% (28 in 30) of patients with MCI could be identified correctly.Major Challenges for the HypothesisThe diagnosis of MCI and AD in the study was based on symptoms and neuroimaging, and AD biomarkers should be included for precise diagnosis in further validating studies. Besides, as the microbiota changes longitudinally, their relationship with the progress of dementia needs to be studied in the prospective studies.Linkage to Other Major TheoriesEscherichia was observed increased at genus level in both fecal and blood samples from AD and MCI. For AD biomarker, postmortem brain tissue from patients with AD showed lipopolysaccharides and gram‐negative Escherichia coli fragments colocalize with amyloid plaque. In this way, the amyloid pathogenesis for AD would be triggered during MCI by gut microbiota shifting. Besides, systemic inflammatory reactions caused by compounds secreted by bacteria may impair the blood‐brain barrier and promote neuroinflammation and/or neurodegeneration. Furthermore, abnormal metabolites caused by microbial gene functions have an impact on neurodegeneration.
Formation of Asymmetric Electron Acoustic Double Layers in the Earth's Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Lotekar Ajay , Kakad Amar , Kakad Bharati 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Van Allen Probes have observed both symmetric and asymmetric bipolar electric field structures in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. In general, the symmetric bipolar structures are identified as electron‐phase space holes, whereas the asymmetric structures are interpreted as electron acoustic double layers (EADLs). The generation mechanism of these EADLs is not entirely understood yet. We have modeled the EADLs observed on 13 November 2012 by Van Allen Probe‐B. We performed a fluid simulation of the EADLs and tracked their formation and evolution in the simulation. We found that the localized depletion and enhancement in the electron populations act as a perturbation to excite the symmetric bipolar electron acoustic solitary waves, which later evolve into the EADLs. The Ponderomotive force is found to be the main driver behind transformation of the symmetric electron acoustic solitary waves to EADLs via formation of the electron acoustic shocks.
Time‐Dependent Behavior of a Near‐Trench Slow‐Slip Event at the Hikurangi Subduction Zone
Authors: Yohler R. , Bartlow N. , Wallace L. M. , Williams C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStudying offshore slow‐slip events (SSEs) along subduction zone interfaces is important for constraining the overall slip budget and potential for seismic slip and the relationship with large megathrust earthquakes. Models using only onshore data increasingly lack model resolution the further from the shore the SSE occurs. In this study, we combine data from the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip seafloor absolute pressure gauge (APG) network with daily position time series from New Zealand's GeoNet to create time‐dependent models of slip during the 2014 Gisborne, New Zealand SSE using the Network Inversion Filter. We compare models assuming heterogeneous versus homogenous elastic properties to explore their influence on our models. The time‐dependent results show that slip uncertainties under the APGs drop by about 23%. We also find that the peak value of slip increases with heterogeneous elastic properties as compared to homogenous models. The inclusion of the offshore APG data in our models places more slip near the trench and detects a more defined migration of slip, especially in the heterogeneous model. These differences are important for interpreting the relationship between the SSE and associated tremor, which occurs after the peak SSE slip rate. Additionally, we use a static “potency bounding” technique in order to gauge the range of models that can fit the data. This analysis demonstrates that the inclusion of offshore data helps to substantially narrow the range of plausible slip models.