bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bottom-up methodology for a national baseline data collection of the social enterprise sector: the experience of Ireland
Authors: Olmedo Osuna Lucas , Ruiz-Rivera María José , Corcoran Lorraine , Whelan Brendan 
Published: December 2024

The launch of Ireland’s National Social Enterprise Policy in 2019 represented a milestone for social enterprises in Ireland. However, the policy and previous reports stress the limited data about social enterprises at national level; against this background, the Irish Government commissioned in 2022 a research project to fill this gap. The aim of this paper is to discuss the process for establishing a methodology towards a baseline data collection exercise of social enterprises in Ireland, where official statistics do not account for this type of organisations. The methodology draws from conceptual frameworks and international experiences for building statistics of social and solidarity economy organisations, including social enterprises census and baseline exercises. Moreover, the methodology is informed by a consultation process with Irish stakeholders consisting of four focus groups (87 participants), 15 semi-structured interviews and three meetings with experts’ committees. The methodology shows how baseline information on social enterprises in Ireland was built through intermediaries lists and an ad-hoc survey. The dependence on intermediaries and the lack of publicly available financial data on social enterprises in Ireland poses challenges, especially in terms of validity. However, using an official definition, data triangulation from different intermediaries, trust and engagement developed through the consultation process partially address the challenges. The methodology developed is context-sensitive, focusing on Ireland; however, it allows for some degree of international comparability and offers guidelines for building baseline information of social enterprises, especially in countries where these organisations are not captured by official statistics.
¿Existen diferencias entre las cooperativas dirigidas por hombres y por mujeres?: Análisis de los resultados económico-financieros en las cooperativas valencianas durante el periodo 2008-2021
Authors: Cuñat Giménez Rubén José , Cuñat Roldán Marta 
Published: December 2024

Actualmente sigue habiendo una gran desigualdad entre el número de empresas dirigidas por mujeres y por hombres. Son numerosas las barreras que las mujeres tienen para poder optar por puestos directivos y es necesario que estos obstáculos se visibilicen. No obstante, las cooperativas, por sus valores y principios, aunque no son ajenas a esta situación, sí que marcan algunas diferencias. Este trabajo plantea como objetivo analizar si el género en la dirección de las cooperativas influye en los resultados económico-financieros de estas. Para ello se ha tomado una muestra de 240 cooperativas valencianas activas durante el periodo 2008-2021, 191 dirigidas por hombres y 49 dirigidas por mujeres, disponible en la base de datos SABI, estudiando si existen diferencias significativas en el número de empleados, ingresos, resultados, solvencia y endeudamiento entre ambos grupos. En general, no se aprecian diferencias importantes en los resultados obtenidos en las cooperativas dirigidas por mujeres y por hombres; aunque sí en el tamaño y en el tipo de actividad que desarrollan ambos colectivos en sus empresas. Los resultados muestran que, aunque las cooperativas no son ajenas en cuanto al menor porcentaje de ellas dirigidas por mujeres que por hombres respecto a otros tipos de empresa, sí que manifiestan una menor influencia del género en los resultados, indicando que estos dependen de otros factores, tales como el tipo de actividad que desarrollan y el tamaño de la cooperativa.
Strategies for Developing Hydroponic Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Agribusiness in Samarinda City, Indonesia
Authors: Mariati Rita , Aida Syarifah , Yuliantini Dewi 
Published: December 2024

This research aims to determine the internal and external factors that can influence hydroponic lettuce agribusiness and to find strategies for developing hydroponic lettuce agribusiness in Samarinda City. This research was carried out in several hydroponic lettuce agribusiness locations in Samarinda City from December 2023 to February 2024. The data collection method was carried out by observation, direct interviews with respondents, and a literature study. The sampling method in this research was carried out by purposive sampling, namely, as many as 10 market-oriented business actors. Data analysis uses the SWOT analysis method and internal and external environmental analysis (IFAS and EFAS). Based on the SWOT analysis, it shows that the matrix calculation results are located in quadrant I, namely the S-O strategy or supporting aggressive strategies, namely business actors can explore various potentials, maintain vegetable quality, optimize cultivation experience, create loyalty programs, and complete facilities.
Integrating Sglt-2 Inhibitors into the Clinical Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Evidence and Future Outlook
Authors: Layanto Agus , Kusumaningrum Lely , Arsita Cynthia , Halim Fenny 
Published: December 2024

Objective and Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is steadily increasing globally. A significant complication of T2DM is diabetic kidney disease, which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a class of oral antidiabetic agents that effectively lower blood glucose levels and provide protective benefits for kidney health.
Methods: A comprehensive review of studies was conducted focusing on the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM, including those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m², or urine albumin/creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg alb/g creatinine. The studies evaluated clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular events, kidney disease progression, and mortality.
Results: Research findings demonstrate that SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization due to heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Additionally, these medications lower the incidence of cardiovascular-related and all-cause mortality. Renal-specific benefits include slowing the progression of albuminuria, reducing the decline in GFR, lowering the need for renal replacement therapy, and decreasing kidney-related deaths.
Cryptorchidism: A 20-Year Journey of Patient Outcomes and Family Concerns – A Cohort Study at a Single Center
Authors: Aboud Mohammed J 
Published: December 2024

Background: Undescended testis (UDT), or cryptorchidism, is a prevalent pediatric condition with significant implications for fertility and malignancy risk if untreated. Affecting 1–5% of male infants, UDT is influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study examines 470 pediatric UDT cases treated at a single center over two decades (2004–2024) at a single pediatric surgery center - The Maternity and Child Teaching Hospital, Al Qadisiya, Iraq, focusing on surgical outcomes, fertility, long-term testicular health, and family concerns. Inclusion criteria; Patients were identified from hospital records and outpatient clinic registries confirmed diagnosis of UDT (unilateral or bilateral), availability of complete medical records, patients who underwent chromosomal analysis as part of their diagnostic workup, and underwent surgical intervention within the study timeframe at our center with at least three years of follow-up.
Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 18 months, with 45% diagnosed within the first year. Unilateral UDT predominated (60%), and testicular position influenced size and outcomes. Surgical success was achieved in 90% of cases, with minor complications including wound infections (5%) and reoperations (5%). Earlier diagnosis correlated with improved fertility outcomes, with normal spermatogenesis observed in 75% of early cases but declining significantly with delayed treatment (P < 0.05). Chromosomal abnormalities, present in 9% of patients, heightened family concerns, particularly regarding fertility and psychosocial impacts.
Conclusion: Family concerns evolved through stages of care, initially focusing on fertility and malignancy risks, then shifting to surgical safety and postoperative recovery. Tailored counseling and psychosocial support were integral to family satisfaction. This study underscores the importance of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary care, and culturally sensitive family engagement to optimize outcomes and enhance the quality of life for patients with UDT. Future recommendations include routine genetic screening and targeted educational initiatives to address community-specific challenges.
Integrated Crop Management Practices for Maximizing the Productivity of Horse Gram
Authors: Sangeetha M. , Indhumathi K. , Shanmugam P.S. , Ayyadurai P. , C.Bharathi  , M.A.Vennila  
Published: December 2024

A Frontline demonstration was conducted to demonstrate the integrated crop management practices at ten locations of Dharmapuri district during Rabi season of 2020. The crop was cultivated by following the integrated crop management practices and compared with the farmers’ practices. The integrated crop management practices comprising of horse gram variety CRIDA 18R, seed treatment with Trichoderma viride followed by rhizobium and phosphobacteria, soil application of TNAU pulses micronutrient mixture @ 7.5 kg ha‑1, foliar spraying of TNAU pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 during peak flowering stage and integrated plant protection measures. The results of the demonstration revealed that the demonstration of horse gram variety CRIDA 18R with integrated crop management practices yielded the higher number of pods per plant (40.6) and grain yield of 7.15 q ha-1. Farmers’ practice resulted in a lower number of pods per plant (34.3) and grain yield of 5.55 q ha-1. The per cent increase in yield under the demonstration compared to the farmers’ practice was 28.8. The demonstration of integrated crop management practices achieved a higher net income (Rs. 12450/ha) and benefit cost ratio of 1.77. Conversely, the farmers’ practice recorded a lower net income of Rs. 9450/ha and benefit cost ratio of 1.74.
Assessment of the Effects of Stone Herbal Mixture Drink on Liver Parameters
Authors: O.S. Usiobeigbe , K.O. Iyevhobu , K.O. Obohwemu , L.E. Omolumen , I.C. Idehen , E. Asibor , A. Udoaka, , A.J. Adeji , R.E. Ikede , O.E. Omoviye , S.B. Lagundoye , M.E. Echekwube , S.T. Isiaka 
Published: December 2024

Background: Herbal treatments have been used for ages, across many countries and traditions to maintain health and treat diseases. Herbal medicines are sometimes seen as all-natural substitutes for traditional drugs, providing a possible means of advancing health and fitness. Investigating how herbal mixes affect various physiological characteristics, such as liver function, has drawn more attention in recent years. The stone herbal concoction under examination is made up of a number of plant-based ingredients, with unique therapeutic effects.
Methods: Thirty-six (36) wistar rats in total, split into six (6) groups of six (6) animals each, participated in this experimental study: In Group 1, the control group received only water and top feed; in Group 2, the standard medication (Sylimarin, 140 mg/kg body weight) plus 0.30 ml of stone herbal mixture was given; in Group 3, 0.30 ml of stone herbal mixture was given; in Group 4, 0.25 ml was given; in Group 5, 0.20 ml was given; and in Group 6, 0.15 ml was given. The rats were ethically sacrificed by cervical dislocation after receiving the daily therapy for 21 days. Each rat's brachiocephalic artery was used to draw blood, which was then placed in a lithium haparin anticoagulant bottle and examined for liver parameters.
Results: Group 3, 4, 5 & 6 which contains 1000mg, 850mg, 650mg and 500mg of the stone herbal mixture showed significant increase of all liver enzymes when compared to the control group. Also, the group two administered with 1000mg of the stone herbal mixture and 140 mg of the standard drug, sylimarine totally reversed toxicity in all the liver function parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, Albumin, Total protein, Bilirubin, AFP, TNF) compared to the control group one. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 which contains 1000mg, 850mg, 650mg and 500mg of the stone herbal mixture showed significant decrease of Albumin, bilirubin and total protein with while the 500mg dose of herbal mixture in group 6 was increased.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has unveiled valuable insights into the effects of the Stone Herbal Mixture on liver parameters in male albino Wistar rats. Our result demonstrated that the lowest dose of the stone herbal mixture which is 500 mg is tolerable with the liver as against other higher doses in this experiment.
Clinical experience and treatment considerations with vesicular monoamine transport 2 inhibitors
Authors: Johnson Kayla 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors (VMAT2i) are currently Food and Drug Administration–approved for the treatment of Huntington disease chorea and tardive dyskinesia. Additionally, they are often used for other hyperkinetic movement disorders in clinical practice. Due to a lack of head-to-head clinical trials, management of VMAT2i in the clinical setting may be unclear and rely on the clinical experience of the practitioner. Due to the limited distribution model, which typically requires VMAT2i to be dispensed by specialty pharmacies, access and initiation of treatment may present as barriers. Patient cases allow for the exploration of switching between VMAT2i, alternative routes of administration, utilization in pediatric and off-label conditions, and how to successfully initiate and monitor a patient on VMAT2i therapy.
Involuntary medication treatment of schizophrenia in the inpatient setting
Authors: Iuppa Courtney A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two Supreme Court cases in the United States describe the use of involuntary medication in individuals with mental illnesses. In addition to these legal requirements, clinicians must also incorporate ethics into treating these individuals, including the principles of autonomy and beneficence. Current guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for choosing an antipsychotic for a patient with schizophrenia who is being treated involuntarily. However, it is recommended that clinicians use general guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia as a basis for narrowing down appropriate therapy, which may involve the use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Clinical considerations that should be accounted for include past medication trials, potential adverse effects, whether tolerability has been demonstrated, route of administration, dosing interval, requirement for oral overlap, comorbid conditions, patient preference, and access to the medication.
Suicide risk identification and mitigation in patients with chronic pain prescribed opioid medication
Authors: Chiulli Dana L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Managing suicidality in persons with chronic pain is a challenging clinical scenario with no treatment guidelines to inform clinical decision-making related to suicide risk mitigation. Applying appropriate risk mitigation strategies, such as opioid education and naloxone distribution, lethal means safety education, increased frequency of appointments, individualized opioid tapers, consideration of nonopioid pharmacotherapy, nonpharmacological treatment options, and addressing modifiable risk factors, can decrease suicide risk. Recommending a treatment plan for patients with chronic pain experiencing suicidality is explored through 3 patient cases.
Appropriate use of single-dose injectable aripiprazole lauroxil in the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Davis Rachael C. , Xu Jianing , Hall Daniel B. , Chen Xianyan , Moretz Michaelyn M. , Young Henry N. , Caballero Joshua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Single-dose injectable aripiprazole lauroxil (SDIAL) is used with long-acting injectable (LAI) aripiprazole lauroxil in the treatment of schizophrenia. SDIAL can be used to either initiate treatment or supplement during maintenance when follow-up doses are not given within labeling recommendations. The primary objective was to determine the usage and appropriateness of SDIAL between the initiation and the maintenance supplementation use in a Medicaid database. The secondary objective was to determine the overall associated costs with the potentially inappropriate use of LAI aripiprazole lauroxil.
Methods: International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition codes were used to identify adult patients with schizophrenia and related disorders (18-64 years) who received SDIAL and/or LAI aripiprazole lauroxil between 2018 and 2020 using MarketScan Medicaid databases. The appropriateness of SDIAL was determined by package insert labeling timelines for treatment initiation and maintenance supplementation. Two authors independently reviewed each SDIAL claim for appropriateness. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results: After excluding possible billing errors, a total of 582 claims were identified for SDIAL. Of these, 21% were potentially inappropriate, with a higher proportion occurring during the maintenance phase. Overall, potential inappropriate use resulted in costs over $307 000.
Discussion: It appears that prescribers should be better educated on the appropriate use of SDIAL during maintenance supplementation.
Adaptive cooperative tracking control of uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems with uncertain Markov switching communication graphs
Authors: Xing Mali , Deng Feiqi 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper deals with the cooperative tracking problem of nonlinear multiagent systems. Compared with the existing works, both the uncertainties in model and switching topology are considered. Two control laws, the adaptive distributed controller based on state information and the adaptive distributed controller based on output information, are proposed using the neural networks. The advantage of the proposed controller is that we no longer require the exact knowledge of follower agents' parameters and the precise switching signal of communication topology by taking advantages of neural networks approximation and the property of transition probabilities. It is proved that all followers can track the leader with permitted bounded errors under the proposed controller. An illustration is given to testify the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Growth and Raman Scattering Investigation of a New 2D MOX Material: YbOCl
Authors: Yao Yuyu , Zhang Yu , Xiong Wenqi , Wang Zhenxing , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Li Ningning , Wang Junjun , Huang Wenhao , Wang Feng , Zhan Xueying , Yuan Shengjun , Jiang Chao , Xia Congxin , He Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMOX (M = Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, Lanthanide, or Actinide metals; O = oxygen, X = F, Cl, Br, I), an emerging type of 2D layered materials, have been theoretically predicted to possess unique electronic and magnetic properties. However, 2D MOX have rarely been investigated. Herein, for the first time, ultrathin high‐quality ytterbium oxychloride (YbOCl) single crystals are successfully synthesized via an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method. Both theoretical simulations and experimental measurements are utilized to systematically investigate the Raman properties of 2D YbOCl nanosheets. The experimentally observed Eg mode at 85.53 cm−1 and A1g mode at 138.17 cm−1 demonstrate a good match to the results from density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the temperature‐dependent and thickness‐dependent Raman scattering spectra reveal the adjacent layers in YbOCl nanosheets show a relatively weak van der Waals interaction. Additionally, the polarized‐dependent Raman scattering spectra show the intensity of A1g mode exhibits twofold patterns while the intensity of the Eg mode remains constant as the rotation angle changes. These findings could provide the first‐hand experimental information about the 2D YbOCl crystals.
Understanding, Optimizing, and Utilizing Nonideal Transistors Based on Organic or Organic Hybrid Semiconductors
Authors: Yang Tengzhou , Wu Qian , Dai Fuhua , Huang Kairong , Xu Huihua , Liu Chenning , Chen Changdong , Hu Sujuan , Liang Xiaoci , Liu Xuying , Noh Yong‐Young , Liu Chuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany advanced materials have been developed for organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) or thin‐film transistors (TFTs) based on organic and organic hybrid materials. However, although many new OFETs exhibit superior characteristic parameters (such as high mobility), most of them show nonideal performances that have strongly limited progress in the design of molecules, the understanding of transport mechanisms, and the circuit applications of OFETs. In this review, the device physics of ideal and nonideal OFETs is discussed first to understand the factors that limit effective mobility in semiconducting channels, distort the potential distribution, or reduce the drift electric field. Then, recent advances in optimizing the material combinations, device structures, and fabrications of OFETs toward ideal transistors are discussed. Based on the good control of materials and interfaces, some new and novel concepts to utilize the nonideal properties of OFETs to build low‐power circuits and integrated sensors are also discussed.
Dual Emission of Water‐Stable 2D Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskites with Mn(II) Dopant
Authors: Ba Qiankai , Jana Atanu , Wang Lihua , Kim Kwang S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMoisture‐delicate and water‐unstable organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OI‐HPs) create huge challenges for the synthesis of highly efficient water‐stable light‐emitting materials for optoelectronic devices. Herein, a simple acid solution–assisted method to synthesize quantum confined 2D lead perovskites through Mn doping is reported. The efficient energy transfer between host and dopant ions in orange light‐emitting Mn2+‐doped OI‐HPs leads to the most efficient integrated luminescence with a photoluminescence quantum yield over 45%. The Mn2+ substitution of Pb2+ and passivation with low dielectric constant molecules such as phenethylamine, benzylamine, and butylamine enhance water resistivity, leading to water stability. The dual emission process of this water‐stable 2D Mn‐doped perovskite will help in developing highly efficient 2D water‐stable perovskites for practical applications.
Atomic Pd on Graphdiyne/Graphene Heterostructure as Efficient Catalyst for Aromatic Nitroreduction
Authors: Li Jiaqiang , Zhong Lixiang , Tong Lianming , Yu Yue , Liu Qing , Zhang Shuchen , Yin Chen , Qiao Liang , Li Shuzhou , Si Rui , Zhang Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith the maximum atom‐utilization efficiency, single atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted great research interest in catalysis science recently. To address the following key challenges for the further development of SACs: i) how to stabilize and avoid the aggregation of SACs, ii) how to enhance the specific surface area and conductivity of supports, and iii) how to achieve scalable mass production with low cost, a SAC consisting of single Pd atoms anchored on well‐designed graphdiyne/graphene (GDY/G) heterostructure (Pd1/GDY/G) is synthesized. Pd1/GDY/G exhibits high catalytic performance, as demonstrated by the reduction reaction of 4‐nitrophenol. Furthermore, density functional theory calculation indicates that graphene in the GDY/G heterostructure plays a key role in the enhancement of catalytic efficiency owing to the electron transfer process, deriving from the gap between the Fermi level of graphene and the conduction band minimum of GDY. The GDY/G heterostructure is a promising support for the preparation of extremely efficient and stable SACs, which can be used in a broad range of future industrial reactions.