bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les Portes De Fer : un complexe hydroénergétique au sein de l'espace carpato-danubien (Roumanie)
Authors: Hoffmann Frédéric , Barat Sophia 
Published: March 2019

Les Portes de Fer représentent un point central dans l'espace roumain. C'est un secteur de rencontre entre la montagne, les Carpates, et le fleuve, le Danube qui sert également de frontière avec l'ex-Yougoslavie. C'est aussi un complexe hydroénergétique de premier plan, constitué de 2 barrages hydro-électriques. Ils fournissent une part importante de l'électricité d' un pays en plein redéploiement économique et industriel.
Néanmoins, on peut se demander s'il existe un impact de ces deux barrages sur la dynamique fluviale danubienne. La diminution du transit sédimentaire semble en être la principale forme. Elle pourrait expliquer en partie le recul constaté de certains secteurs du delta du Danube situé en aval.
Les grands estuaires français : organisation, aménagement, environnement
Authors: Fournet Philippe 
Published: March 2019

Parties terminales des vallées fluviales en forme d'entonnoir évasé vers l'embouchure, hydrosystèmes originaux animés par le va et vient des marées, espaces de sédimentation à l'origine de terres basses ripuaires et insulaires, les estuaires ont été perçus très tôt par les sociétés humaines comme des ouvertures sur les eaux côtières et lointaines susceptibles de dynamiser le commerce local et régional.
Malgré des échelles contrastées, les estuaires français de la Manche et de l'Atlantique ont généré, parfois dès le Moyen-Âge, le plus souvent à l'époque moderne, des activités maritimes variées, sources d'enrichissement pour des villes-ports en position de fond d'estuaire (Rouen, Nantes, Bordeaux...) qui se sont dotées d'un patrimoine architectural et urbanistique de grande qualité, aujourd'hui réhabilité et présentant un grand intérêt culturel et touristique.
A partir de la fin du XIXème siècle et tout au long du XXème siècle, dans un souci constant d'adaptation aux mutations techniques des navires de mer et des modes de conditionnement du fret, les autorités portuaires se sont ingéniées à aménager les estuaires (Seine, Loire, Gironde...) en approfondissant les chenaux de navigation, en endiguant et en poldérisant les marais bordiers pour y implanter des avant-ports équipés de terminaux spécialisés mais aussi de ZIP et de plates-formes logistiques en relation avec de vastes hinterlands. Tous ces travaux ont entraîné une artificialisation croissante de ces espaces au préjudice des écosystèmes et des activités traditionnelles, l'objectif étant d'accroître les performances et donc la productivité des établissements portuaires dans un contexte national et international de plus en plus concurrentiel. Néanmoins, depuis une bonne vingtaine d'années, sous la pression des associations de protecteurs de la nature et d'usagers, les autorités portuaires et les élus ont pris conscience de la valeur du capital écologique estuarien et intègrent désormais la dimension environnementale et paysagère dans les programmes d'extension industrialo-portuaire et de développement local.
Effect of Added Black Cumin Seed (Nigella sativa L) Oil on Oxidative Stability of Flaxseed Oil
Authors: Khormizi Ali Beik , Asadollahi Simin , Khorshidpoor Bizhan , Hosseini Elahesadat 
Published: March 2019

Background: Lipid oxidation has adverse effect on food deterioration and human health. Oxidative reactions limit the shelf-life of fresh and processed foodstuffs which are of great concern in the vegetable oil and fat industry.
Aim: The antioxidant activity of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L) Oil (BCO) as a source of natural antioxidants was compared against a synthetic antioxidant (BHA). Its oxidative stability was evaluated in Flaxseed oil (as the most sensitive oil against oxidation) in concentrations of BHA (200ppm).
Study Design: Oils were analyzed for the composition of fatty acids, tocopherols and for some physicochemical properties [Peroxide (PV), P-Anisidine (AV),TOTOX values, Thiobarbituric acid, Iodine value, Oxidative stability (OS)and Refractive index]to assess the extent of oil deterioration during 30th days of storage.
Place and Duration of Study: Islamic Azad University of Varamin and Tehran University, Tehran, Iran, From March 2018 to April 2018.
Methodology: Optimal condition was investigated to protect edible oil like flaxseed oil from oxidative reaction. Black cumin seeds and flaxseeds were pressed separately by cold press. Then BCO was prepared at five concentration levels of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% (w/w) and added to Flaxseed oil. In terms of antioxidant activity, they were analyzed by Gas Chromatography and compared with sample containing 200 ppm of synthetic antioxidant (BHA) during 30thdays at ambient temperature (22-25° C).
Results and Conclusion: The results showed that different levels of BCO were able to slow down the lipid oxidation well, but the effect of sample contained 5% BCO was higher than other levels and has potential source of natural antioxidant for the application in food industry to prevent lipid oxidation.
Changes in Sperm Morphology and Characteristics of Experimentally-induced Hypertensive Wistar Rats Treated with Lagenaria breviflora Roberty or Xanthosoma sagittifolium Exell
Authors: Oridupa Olayinka A. , Aina Oluwasanmi O. , Lawal Temitope S. , Saba Adebowale B. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the male reproductive toxicity that may accompany treatment of hypertension in Wistar rats with methanol extracts of whole fruit of Lagenaria breviflora Roberty or corm of Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Animal House of the Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology between November, 2016 and January, 2017.
Methodology: Antihypertensive study was carried out in 40 adult male Wistar rats equally and randomly distributed into 8 groups. First group was normotensive rats administered with distilled water, while hypertension was induced in groups 2-7 intraperitoneal administration of DOCA-salt twice weekly and daily inclusion of 1% sodium chloride in drinking water. Group 2 was hypertensive but untreated rats. Two hypertensive groups were administered with Lisinopril (5 mg/70 kg) or Hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/70 kg). Two hypertensive groups were assigned to each extract and these rats were administered with the extracts at doses of 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight. The rats were treated per os for 5 weeks and sacrificed at the end of this period. The testes were harvested and semen samples were obtained from the left cauda epididymis. Semen analysis were carried out to determine sperm morphology and characteristics.
Results: Result showed 1 primary and 7 secondary sperm abnormality types were observed with a non-significant (p>0.05) increase in total abnormal sperm cells. Live/dead ratio and sperm volume were unchanged but, sperm motility and count were significantly (p<0.05) reduced.
Conclusion: It was inferred from the study that hypertension in itself induced infertility and also treatment of the medical condition with the extracts of L. breviflora or X. sagittifolium did not reverse the infertility. Therefore, caution should be exercised when treating hypertension with these medicinal plants, particularly in male animals used for breeding.
Effect of Pine Needle Mulch and Irrigation Frequency on the Yield of Origanum syriacum under Open Field Condition
Authors: Kader El Hajj Abdel , Nakhle Marwa , Talj Vera , Taha Nour , Oleik Soha , Housein Maisaa , Rizk Helen 
Published: March 2019

Due to the intensive harvest from natural habitat and increasing competition as a source of food, O. syriacum was introduced into cultivation and soon became one of the promising crops for many farmers in rural areas. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of pine needle mulch(PN) and irrigation frequency(IF) at 5, 10 and 15 days on the yield under open field conditions. The study was conducted at the Lebanese agricultural research institute (LARI) in Lebaa station (33°32.681′ North, 35°27.088′ East, 354 m a.s.l.), south Lebanon, province of Jizzin, under open field condition for two seasons during 2016. Treatments were organized in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results indicated a significant effect of mulch in both spring and fall seasons F (1, 172) = 59.34, p < .0001, η²=.24, F (1, 172) = 77.71, p < .0001, η²=.30 respectively. The two-way anova showed no significant effect of irrigation frequency on the average and total plant fresh weight (PFW) across two seasons F (2, 349) = .80, p= .4522, η²=.0038, F (2, 159) = 1.07, p= .3460, η²=.007 respectively. Very little variance of the plant fresh weight ,(0.2% – spring and 3.1 %- fall) was attributed to the interaction of mulch and irrigation frequency .In a comparison between percent weight contribution(PWC) of a different plant part, leaves formed the highest proportion (48.6%) compared to the inflorescence and stem. The fresh weight of weeds(g/ m2 ) was significantly less in plots mulched with pine needles compared to the control (F(1,66)=24.43, p<.0001, η²=.75).
Applying pine needle mulch enhanced most of the yield parameters. Under calcareous clayey soil O. syriacum could be irrigated at10 or 15 days frequencies without remarkable decrease in the yield.
Complications of Falciparum Malaria Infections among Ghanaian Children; from the Healthcare Personnel’s Perspective
Authors: Bahaah Bernard , Afranie Bright Oppong , Donkor Sampson , Tuekpe Diana Makafui 
Published: March 2019

Background and Aim: Malaria is known to be the most widespread tropical disease and a chief cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. This study was conducted to determine some common complications of falciparum malaria in children, from the perspective of healthcare personnel in Kumasi, Ghana.
Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana. The study population included health care professionals working at the children`s unit of the hospital. About 80 healthcare personnel were recruited to partake in the survey for eliciting views on malaria. Questionnaires were used to capture some symptoms and complications of malaria from the health workers’ point of view.
Results: More than half of the healthcare personnel were males (52.5%), and majority of the participants were medical officers. The study participants elaborated on some common malaria symptoms among children. Fever recorded the highest frequency, represented by 98.8%, followed by general malaise (97.4%), nausea and vomiting (93.8%), chills (78.8%) and headaches (72.5%). Prostration (45.0%), hyperpyrexia (38.75%) and hypoglycemia (13.75%) were the most frequently reported complications by the respondents. Majority of the participants reported cerebral malaria (30.0%), severe anemia (23.75%), acute respiratory distress (17.5%) and repeated generalized convulsions (16.25%) to be the most lethal feature of complicated malaria infection in children. The overwhelming majority of the respondents (90.0%) use the WHO 2014 standard (page2) as guide for determining complicated malaria.
Conclusion: Prostration with hyperpyrexia and hypoglycemia were the most common features of falciparum malaria from the perspective of healthcare personnel in Kumasi, Ghana.
Influence of Post-Flowering Chemical Thinning on Development and Fruit Quality of 'Fuji Suprema' and 'Maxigala' Apple Trees
Authors: Gabardo Gentil Carneiro , Kretzchmar Aike Anneliese , Petri José Luiz , De Martin Mariuccia Schlichting , Sezerino André Amarildo , Blattmann Edson 
Published: March 2019

Aims: Evaluate possible alterations in the development, anatomy and quality of fruits from 'Maxi Gala' and 'Fuji Suprema' apple plants treated with Metamitrom (MM) and Benzyladenine (BA) alone or in combination, applied at different stages of fruit development in the Midwestern region of the state of Santa Catarina.
Study Design: The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five replicates. Place and duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Caçador-SC, Brazil, during the growing season of 2016/2017.
Methodology: Two products, BA (with hormonal action) and MM (photosynthesis inhibitor) were applied individually or in a tank mix in post-flowering periods (in fruits of 5-10 mm and 15-20 mm in equatorial diameter), which were compared with plants with no thinning and manual thinning of both cultivars. Treatments were as follows: Control (no thinning) MM, BA, MM + BA (in fruits of 5-10 mm in diameter); MM, BA, MM + BA, manual thinning (in fruits of 15-20 mm in diameter). The phenological stage of F2 (Full flowering (FF) was observed on September 28, 2016 for both cultivars. Evaluations of the anatomical characteristics of fruits at the time of harvest did not show any alteration in cell size (mean cell area - μm2) and cell density (number of cells per fruit section area); the mean fruit mass was higher in MM 350 mg L-1 (5-10 mm), MM 350 mg L-1 + BA 40 mg L-1 (5-10 mm), and MM 350 mg L-1 (15-20mm) treatments. In the 'Fuji Suprema' cultivar, except for control treatments, MM 350 mg L-1 (5-10mm) and BA 80 mg L-1 (5-10mm), a significant reduction in production was observed (kg plant-1 and fruit-1). While in 'MaxiGala', all the thinning treatments reduced yield per plant. The cultural thinning practice, fruit load management, adapting the number of fruits according to plant size is the most important factor that producers are able to influence. Thinning reduces fruit load in the plant, which allows remaining fruits the possibility of greater growth and size gain. The combination of MM + BA is efficient in the thinning of apple fruits, especially when applied at the beginning of fruit development (5-10 mm in diameter). The application of chemical thinners, such as MM and BA, may influence the early stages of fruit development.
Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Cinnamon, Clove, Thymes, Zataria Multiflora, Cumin and Caraway Essential Oils against Ochratoxigenic Aspergillus ochraceus
Authors: Moghadam Zohreh Abdi , Hosseini Hedayat , Hadian Zahra , Asgari Bita , Mirmoghtadaie Leila , Mohammadi Abdorreza , Shamloo Ehsan , Javadi Nasrin Haji Seyed 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Mycotoxin producing fungi are major contributors to food contamination and many epidemics in humans and animals. The adverse effects of the use of chemical preservatives have led to a special focus on the use of natural compounds, especially plant derivatives. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal properties of herbal essential oils of Cinnamon, Clove, Thymes, and Zataria multiflora, Cumin, and Caraway on the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus.
Materials and Methods: Briefly, the presence of mycotoxin producing gene was investigated using PCR. Furthermore, production of mycotoxin in a medium with high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (FLD) was evaluated. Ingredients of essential oils were determined using GC/MS. The amount of antifungal activity of essential oils was assessed by disc diffusion and well diffusion method. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by macrodilution method.
Results: Gene presence and mycotoxin production were confirmed by PCR and HPLC-FL. Among all studied essential oils, Cinnamon with MIC and MFC of 0.078 μl / ml exhibited the greatest effect on A. ochraceus growth as compared to other essential oils.
Conclusion: This study indicated that essential oils have an effective role on controlling A. ochraceus growth and have shown promising to be a good bioactive natural preservative in food industry.
Reproductive & Biomarker Response of Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) to a Daily Dose of Soft Drink
Authors: Obemeata E. Oriakpono, , Iyabo S. Owolabi, 
Published: March 2019

The effect of a daily consumption of soft drink was evaluated using 24 albino male rats divided into two groups viz:control and treatment. The experiment was carried out for four (4) weeks. The treatment (a brand of soft drink) was administered to the test group for three weeks while on the fourth week no treatment was given to the test group. The parameters analysed include; Sperm count, kidney function test, liver test, red blood cell, pack cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cell, platelets, lymphocytes. The results showed that: The mean serum electrolyte for Na (mmol/l) was low for week 1, 2, 3 and 4 having 142, 140, 133.6 and 141.66 respectively when compared to the average control (147.3) with a significant difference (P<0.05) in week 1 and 4, K (mmol/l) were all lower than the average control (5.4) across the week with no significant difference (P>0.05) but had the least mean value of 4.8 in week 2. Bicarbonate (mmol/l) was also significantly lower (P<0.05) in the treated group when compared to the average control (24.3) with the least mean value in week 4 (18.67) and Cl (mmol/l) had a mean of 93.0 in week 1, 94.67 in week 2, 108.66 in week 3 and 107.67 in week 4 with an average control of 99.33. AST (U/L) mean value was 20.67 in week 1 which increased to 31.67 in week 4 while ALT (U/L) mean value was 10 in week 1 which also increased to 13 in week 4. The mean serum protein (g/dL) reduced from 81.83 in week 1 to 73.24 in week 4. Mean PCV (%) reduced from 33.67 in week 1 to 32.7 in week 4, Hb (g/dL) increased from 11.2 in week 1 to 13.4 in week 4 with a significant difference (P<0.05) when comparing the test with the average control, WBC (X109) increased from a mean 5.26 in week 1 to 11.9 in week 4 with a significant difference (P<0.05), Platelet (X109) mean value was 315 on week 1 and 419 in week 4 with significant difference (P<0.05) in week 3 and 4 when compared with its control, RBC (X1012) increased from a mean of 4.23 in week 1 to 6.90 in week 4 with significant difference (P<0.05). Lymphocyte (X109) mean value for week 1 was 70 and 82.26 in week 4 with significant difference (P<0.05) across the week. While the mean sperm count (X106) reduced significantly (P<0.05) from 425 in week 1 to 400 in week 4 when compared to the average control (566). These findings demonstrate that regular consumption of soft drink had a detrimental effect on the sperm count, liver, kidney and on the haematological parameters.
Perspectives of Adult Rheumatologists Regarding Family Planning Counseling and Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Birru Talabi Mehret , Clowse Megan E. B. , Blalock Susan J. , Hamm Megan , Borrero Sonya 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveLittle is known about whether and how rheumatologists provide family planning counseling and reproductive health care (FPCC) to reproductive‐age women with rheumatic diseases. This qualitative study sought to assess rheumatologists’ perspectives, attitudes, and practices regarding FPCC.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with a geographically diverse US sample of rheumatologists (n = 12). Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a code book was inductively developed based on transcript content. Two coders applied the code book to all transcripts, and coding differences were adjudicated to full agreement. The finalized coding was used to conduct a thematic analysis.ResultsSix themes were identified across interviews. Rheumatologists said that they 1) feel responsible for providing some FPCC to patients, 2) experience tension between respecting patients’ autonomy and their own anxieties about managing high‐risk pregnancies, 3) view patient‐initiated conversations as FPCC facilitators, and they regard lack of guidelines and the presence of competing clinical priorities as barriers to FPCC, 4) are reluctant to prescribe contraception, 5) desire greater access to resources to help guide FPCC, and 6) recognize the benefits of multidisciplinary collaboration with gynecologists.ConclusionRheumatologists feel a sense of responsibility to provide some aspects of FPCC to reproductive‐age female patients. However, their own apprehensions about managing complicated pregnancies may negatively influence how they advise patients about pregnancy planning or avoidance. Rheumatologists do not prescribe contraception but rarely refer patients to gynecologists for contraceptive care. Future work should focus on eliminating barriers and identifying solutions that support rheumatologists’ efforts to provide high‐quality FPCC to patients.
Sex Differences in the Achievement of Remission and Low Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Maynard Carson , Mikuls Ted R. , Cannon Grant W. , England Bryant R. , Conaghan Philip G. , Østergaard Mikkel , Baker Daniel G. , Kerr Gail , George Michael D. , Barton Jennifer L. , Baker Joshua F. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveIn rheumatoid arthritis, whether women are less likely to achieve low disease activity is unclear. We evaluated sex differences in remission and low disease activity, comparing different clinical and imaging measures.MethodsWe used data from the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry and from 2 clinical trials. Remission and low disease activity were defined using composite scores, individual items (tender joints, swollen joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C‐reactive protein [CRP] level, and evaluator/patient global assessment), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the VARA registry, we assessed the likelihood of point remission at any time during follow‐up using logistic regression, and time to sustained remission (2 consecutive visits) using Cox proportional hazards models. In the clinical trials, logistic regression models evaluated the likelihood of low clinical and MRI activity at 52 weeks.ResultsAmong 2,463 patients in VARA, women (10.2%) were less likely to be in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28)–ESR remission in follow‐up (odds ratio [OR] 0.71 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.55–0.91]; P < 0.01) and had a longer time to sustained DAS28‐ESR remission. This difference was not observed for DAS28‐CRP, Clinical Disease Activity Index, or Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3. Women were more likely to achieve favorable individual components except for an ESR <30 mm/hour (OR 0.72 [95% CI 0.57–0.90]; P < 0.01). Among 353 trial participants (83.7% women), women had reduced rates of DAS28‐ESR remission (OR 0.39 [95% CI 0.21–0.72]; P = 0.003) but similar rates of low MRI synovitis and osteitis.ConclusionThe comparison of remission rates between men and women varies based on the disease activity measure, with sex‐specific differences in ESR resulting in reliably lower rates of remission among women. There were no differences in MRI measures.