bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation Study of ZnO Reinforced Polyamide Nanocomposites Under Accelerated UV-A Exposure for Insulation Applications
Authors: Ahmad Nafees , Khattak Abraiz , Khan Salman , Ahmed Numan , Mumtaz Nakhal , Khan Yasin , Al-Arainy Abdulrehman Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This research article investigates the effects of ultraviolet (UV-A) radiation and DC electrical stress on the performance of novel polyamide (PA66) nanocomposite insulators with 0 wt. % (PA0), 1 wt. % (PA1), 3 wt. % (PA3), 5 wt. % (PA5), and 7 wt. % (PA7) of ZnO nanofillers loading. A specialized UV-A chamber has been used to provide a controlled weathering environment in which the UV intensity was 5 mW/m2 and the applied DC stress was 4 kV. The performance of the nanocomposite is being investigated after each cycle of 100 hours with total aging time of 200 hours using different characterization techniques. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) are being used to confirm the presence of ZnO. The samples with 3 wt. % and 5 wt. % showed better dispersion of the nano filler in the polymer matrix. The surface hydrophobicity is being evaluated using standard STRI technique and contact angle measurements, and it is showing a decreasing trend with UV-A accelerated aging. The contact angle of unaged PA1 was the better among the samples, with the value of 98.40º. FTIR analysis is being used to investigate functional group studies and changes in chemical bonding. The C=O functional group is being oxidized in all the samples at wavenumber 1728.04 cm-1. There was only a change of 33% in this functional group in case of PA3 which is better than the other samples after the aging. Furthermore, optical microscopy (OM) and visual inspection are being performed to detect any material loss and voids. PA1 and PA3 showed relatively smooth surface after the aging of 100h and 200h while other samples showed material deterioration. AC Leakage current analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy have been conducted to evaluate the band gap of the nanocomposites and their electrical properties, respectively. The sample PA1 has the highest leakage current after 200h that is 8.93% increase while the PA3 has the least increase in LC current i.e 6.91%. The findings show that by reinforcing polyamide with ZnO nanofiller, the aging and insulating properties can be improved which make them more resistant to effects of UV-A radiation in outdoor environments and specifically for cable insulation applications. The sample PA3 exhibited relatively better properties and characteristics compared to the other samples.
Accuracy of cardiac computed tomographic angiography to detect features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hereijgers Maartje J.M. , Velden Rachel M.J. van der , Gietema Hester A. , Verhaert Dominique V.M. , Habibi Zarina , Moussaoui Nora El , Uijl Dennis den , Chaldoupi Sevasti-Maria , Luermans Justin , Rienstra Michiel , Gelder Isabelle C. van , Schotten Ulrich , Vernooy Kevin , Franssen Frits M.E. , Mihl Casper , Linz Dominik , Simons Sami O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) commonly coexists in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Although diagnosis relies on spirometry, radiological features such as emphysema and airway abnormalities on chest computed tomography (CT) could be used for COPD screening.
Methods
This retrospective analysis included AF patients who had undergone both cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) and a conventional chest CT within a two-year timeframe. Both scans were visually evaluated for CT-features of COPD using the validated COPDgene screening tool. Based on these scores, the COPD phenotype was classified into four categories: normal, airway dominant, emphysema dominant, or mixed. Accuracy of CCTA to detect CT features of COPD was calculated using the full chest CT as the reference.
Results
In total, 63 patients (54% female, median age 69 [62-75] years, 79% paroxysmal and 21% persistent AF) were included in this study. CT features of COPD were detected in 35% of CCTA and 51% of conventional CTs. CCTA detected CT features of COPD with a sensitivity of 66%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 95% and negative predictive value of 73%. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.70 – 0.92). The dominant feature among the false-negative tests results was mild emphysema located in the upper lung fields, which were out of the field-of-view of CCTA.
Conclusions
CCTA can identify AF patients with CT features indicating COPD, despite occasional misses due to out-of-view areas. When detected, they have a high positive predictive value, facilitating spirometry prioritization.
Assessment of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Suicide Attempters Referred to Poisoning Emergency Department of Baharloo Hospital in Tehran
Authors: Mousavi Farinaz , Etesam Farnaz , Khajehnoori Golnaz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Schemas serve as a framework in the cognitive theory of mental disorders. Schemas are the most important factors in the incidence of depression and suicide attempts. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to determine early maladaptive schemas in suicide attempters by poisoning methods.
Materials & Methods
This descriptive-analytical study was performed on suicide attempters who referred to the poisoning emergency department in Baharloo Hospital in Tehran from May 2023 to May 2024. Using convenience (non-probability) sampling, 116 subjects were included in this study. All of these subjects were evaluated for demographic variables, history of suicide, history of psychological problems and the type of substance or drug used for suicide. Then the initial non-adaptive schemas were assessed by Young's questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS26 statistical software.
Results
The mean age of the subjects was 24.13 ± 5.095 years. 68.1% of the subjects were female and 31.9% were male. 53.45% had a history of suicide and 76.72% had a history of psychological problems. The highest scores were respectively related to abandonment (25.17), social isolation (24.34), defectiveness/shame (23.63), emotional deprivation (22.63) and failure (22.57) schemas. In subjects with a history of mental problems, schemas such as abandonment, distrust, emotional deprivation, social isolation, dependency/incompetence, undeveloped self, emotional inhibition and unrelenting standards were significantly higher (P < 0.05). In individuals with a history of suicide, the defectiveness/shame schema, dependence/incompetence, vulnerability to harm/illness and failure were substantially higher (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Early maladaptive schemas were active among suicide attempters and had a role in the incidence of suicide. The highest scores were related to abandonment, social isolation, defectiveness/shame, emotional deprivation and failure, respectively. The most important factors associated with these schemas were the history of psychological problems, age, history of suicide attempts and gender. Considering the meaningful correlation between these schemas and the factors mentioned earlier, these factors can be considered in interventions and for offering strategies to reduce suicide attempts.
Clinical evaluation of the arthroscopic decompression of spinoglenoid notch cyst through a single posterior portal
Authors: Zhang Yi , Shen Youliang , Kou Dewei , Chen Jinli , Yu Tengbo , Qi Chao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
To describe and evaluate the arthroscopic spinoglenoid notch cyst (SGNC) decompression technique through a single posterior working portal.
Methods
From January 2010 to March 2022, 20 patients of SGNC were included who were available for minimum of 2 years of follow-up. All surgical procedures were conducted with a suprascapular nerve decompression via posterior portal. For assessments, the visual analog scale (VAS), Constant-Murley shoulder score (CS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) score, magnetic resonance image (MRI) and electromyogram (EMG) were used to compare preoperative and postoperative at follow-up. MRI and EMG were taken at 6 months postoperatively.
Results
All 20 patients were included in this study. Mean follow-up was 32.5 ± 11.71 months. The VAS improved from 4.5 ± 3.1 to 1.5 ± 0.50 (P < .001), the mean CS improved from 40.8 ± 14.89 to 88.3 ± 7.51 (P < .001), and the mean ASES score improved from 50.5 ± 10.62 to 87.8 ± 6.95 (P < .001) at last follow-up. The postoperative MRI and EGM performed at a mean of 6 months for all 20 cases revealed complete symptomatic remission. The satisfaction level with surgery was good to excellent in 19 patients.
Conclusions
For treatment of SGNC, arthroscopic decompression through single posterior portal was found to be a simple and effective method, maximizes visualization and reduces possible damage to the suprascapular nerve.
Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Responsive Sodium Alginate/Zein/γ- Alumina Nanocarriers for Targeted Curcumin Delivery in Lung Cancer
Authors: Najafi Mohammad , Faradonbeh Davood Rabiei , Hajebi Sakineh , khoddam Zahra , Chamanara Mohsen , Ramezanpour Sorour , Shakerimoghaddam Ali , Fasihi Hossein , Basanti Maryam , Omidi Mohammad Hassan , Heidari Reza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems based on anticancer drug of curcumin constitute a promising strategy to overcome some challenges to Lung cancer treatment. In the present study, pH-responsive nanocarriers were designed by sodium alginate (SA), zein, and γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) as a curcumin nanocarrier via a W/O/W double emulsion technique to facilitate targeted delivery of curcumin to lung cancer cells. The characterize the physical interactions and crystalline structure were confirmed by FTIR and XRD, respectively. The size of drug-loaded nanocomposites was 218.6 nm with monodisperse particle distribution, having a rod-like shape approved by DLS analysis and FE-SEM, respectively. Sensitivity of the nanocarrier samples to pH was studied using ultraviolet − visible spectroscopy. The UV − vis spectroscopy results display higher absorption intensities in acidic tumor conditions (pH 5.4) than physiological pH (7.4). The double emulsion method and γ-alumina significantly enhanced drug loading and entrapment efficiency compared to other reported delivery systems. Cytotoxicity and cell death were further analyzed using MTT and flow cytometry assays. These results suggest that the SA/zein/γ-Al2O3 nanocomposite is a promise pH-responsive drug delivery system for lung cancer therapy.
The suicidal youth: psychopathological subtypes with genetic, neuroanatomical and environmental differences
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wu Xinran , Palaniyappan Lena , Velzen Laura S. van , Yu Gechang , Fan Huaxin , Liu Yu , Becker Benjamin , Cheng Wei , Zhao Xingming , Feng Jianfeng , Sahakian Barbara , Robbins Trevor , Schumann Gunter , Schmaal Lianne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Youth suicidality is characterized by its transient nature and diverse causal pathways. Currently, a unified approach searching for final common pathway towards youth suicide has proven unsuccessful. Therefore an exploration of its heterogeneity across different levels is needed. Utilizing 1,624 children with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) and 3,224 healthy controls from the ABCD Study, we first clustered children with STB based on thirty-four cognitive and psychopathological measures capturing suicide-related risk-moderating traits. We then compared environmental and genetic risk factors, and neuroanatomical characteristics of each subtype with controls. We identified five distinct STB subtypes, each revealing unique neuroanatomy, environmental/genetic risks, and persistence patterns. Subtype 1 (Depressive, 9.6%) exhibited the most severe depressive symptoms. Subtype 2 (Externalizing, 20.1%) displayed anatomical and functional alterations in frontoparietal network and increased genetic risk for ADHD. Subtype 3 (Cognitive Deficit, 20.4%) demonstrated lower cognitive performance and widespread white-matter deficits. Subtype 4 (Mild Psychotic, 22.2%) had higher prodromal psychotic symptoms, often unnoticed by parents. Subtype 5 (High Functioning, 27.6%) showed larger total brain volume, better cognition, and higher socio-economic status, contrasting subtypes 1-4. Only Subtypes 1 and 2 demonstrate persistent STB features at 2-year follow-up. Our results suggested that youth suicidal behaviour may result from several distinct bio-behavioral pathways that are identifiable through co-occurring psychopathology, and provide insights into the underlying neural mechanisms and corresponding intervention strategies.
Beta-lapachone has antiproliferative effects and modulates the lncRNAs expression on bladder cancer cell lines with different TP53 statuses
Authors: Amparo Tatiane Roquete , Anunciação Kamila de Fátima da , Almeida Tamires Cunha , Oliveira Alaíde Braga , Silva Glenda Nicioli da , Brandão Geraldo Célio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
α-Lapachona (aLAP) and β-lapachona (bLAP) are noteworthy anticancer naphthoquinones. The chemoresistance observed in bladder cancer represents a global health concern, with relation to mutations in the TP53 gene and alterations in the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs). This study evaluated the effects of aLAP and bLAP on bladder tumor cell lines with different TP53 statuses.
Methods
Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT reduction method and cell migration by scratch assay while clonogenic survival and cell cycle were evaluated through cell colony counting and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of lncRNAs (JHDM1D-AS1, SBF2-AS1, CDT-2132N18.2, and RP11-363E7.4) and the JHDM1D gene was evaluated through RT-qPCR.
Results
bLAP demonstrated greater cytotoxicity than aLAP. Its inhibitory effects on clonogenic survival, migration, and the cell cycle were observed in all cell lines and were related to the modulation of lncRNAs expression. A reduction in lncRNA SBF2-AS1 and JHDM1D gene expression was observed in RT4 cells, accompanied by an increase in lncRNA RP11-363E7.4. Conversely, in the cells with mutated TP53 (J82), a reduction in JHDM1D-AS1 and JHDM1D was observed.
Conclusion
The antiproliferative effects of bLAP in bladder cancer cells are independent of TP53 statuses, yet occur through a distinct action mechanism, with variations in lncRNAs expression.
The value of a climate march: Do climate marches affect perceived values and personal climate action
Authors: Bouman Thijs , Steg Linda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Climate change poses immediate environmental threats. Although many care about the environment (i.e., endorse biospheric values), too little climate action is still taken. It has been argued that one reason for this is that individuals often underestimate others’ biospheric values, which demotivates them to act. We propose that climate marches have the potential to prevent and correct such underestimation by making a group of climate marchers with strong biospheric values salient and increasing awareness of the widespread endorsement of biospheric values among national citizens. To investigate this, we studied personal biospheric values, perceived biospheric values of climate marchers and national citizens, and individuals’ engagement in climate action just before and after a large climate march in the Netherlands, among a sample that was aimed to be national representative (valid nT1 = 648, nT2 = 502). Individuals reported themselves and climate marchers to have strong biospheric values, while national citizens were seen as having substantially weaker biospheric values. Multiple regression analyses indicated stronger personal biospheric values and stronger perceived biospheric values of climate marchers – but seemingly weaker perceived biospheric values of Dutch citizens – were associated to stronger climate action engagement. Perceived biospheric values of Dutch citizens did increase over the march, whereas perceived biospheric values of climate marchers decreased. Individuals did not engage in more climate action over the climate march, as one the abovementioned associations already suggested. We argue that such effects may occur in the longer term in contexts where the national identity is more salient and relevant.
Benchmarking IMIA recommendations for the Health Informatics undergraduate program in Saudi Arabia: a mixed methodology
Authors: Alzghaibi Haitham , Jamal Qazi Mohammad Sajid , Almutairi Sulaiman , Alotaibi Reem M. , Alzughaibi Saleh , Abdul Shabbir Syed , AlGhayadh Faisal , Affendi Shafiz , Zakaria Nasriah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The administration and use of health data to improve the quality of healthcare is the main goal of the multidisciplinary discipline of health informatics (HI). This study set out to assess graduates' opinions of the elements of the Biomedical and Health Informatics (BMHI) curriculum. A cross-sectional survey and document analysis were two of the mixed-methods techniques used. Six key curricular variables—core principles, health sciences, computer and data sciences, social and behavioural sciences, management science, and BMHI specialisation—were the subject of this survey focused on HI practitioners. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Among the 280 experts who answered the survey, 127 expressed a strong preference (89.8%) to include internships in the bachelor's programs and the practitioners showed high support (82.7%) for the HI programs in Saudi Arabia. The comparative analysis on 5 universities in Saudi Arabia revealed noteworthy differences in how much focus different colleges placed on the BMHI knowledge domains. Particularly, Saudi Electronic University focused more in computer and data sciences areas than other universities, whereas Qassim University and Jazan University showed a higher concentration on health sciences and basic principles topics in their curicullum. These results demonstrate the various educational goals found in HI curricula and point to the necessity of standardised guidelines in order to improve program coherence between HI educational institutions.
A Zinc-Bcat Compound: Unlocking New and Diverse Reactivity Pathways Beyond Nucleophilic Borylation
Authors: Lu Zhenpin , Xu Gan , Chan Hok Tsun , Li Shuchang , Wong Tsz Ying , Zhang Lei , Zhang Qichun , Lin Zhenyang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

A zinc-boryl species was successfully synthesized from a common diboron reagent, B2cat2. In contrast to the known non-boron-ester-based zinc-boryl compounds with limited reactivity, this novel Zn-Bcat species exhibited a rich reactivity not only as a nucleophilic Bcat− anion, but also towards various nitrogen-containing unsaturated substrates, such as carbodiimides, isonitriles, and azobenzene, facilitating the Zn-B bond dissociation and the formation of Zn-C/N, B-N bonds, and cleavage of C = N double bond. The enhanced diverse reactivity of this species is likely attributed to the stronger covalency of the Zn-B bond. The structural information of the borylation products was fully characterized by NMR, HRMS spectra, and X-ray single-crystal analyses. Additionally, the Zn-Bcat compound was found to promote the catalytic diborylation of azobenzene, highlighting the versatility of the Zn-Bcat species as a reactive intermediate. Furthermore, DFT computational studies were carried out to shed light on the electronic structure and reactivity of the Zn-B bond.
Research on dynamical behavior of a phytoplankton-zooplankton ecological model
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhang Hao-Lu , Wang Yu-Lan , Li Zhi-Yuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Phytoplankton-zooplankton ecological models (PZEM) are crucial for comprehending the dynamics and interactions within marine ecosystems. Leveraging the memory effect of fractional-order derivatives , the fractional-order PZEM can more effectively capture biological significance. This paper investigates a PZEM that incorporates the effects of toxic substances and additional food transmission in the environment. Initially, we examine the stability of the fractional-order diffusionless model solution and the Hopf bifurcation with respect to the fractional order parameter. Subsequently, using weak nonlinear analysis, we obtained the amplitude equation close to the Turing instability threshold, which helped us classify different modal selections. Finally, an Euler dispersion scheme is constructed for the model, which effectively reveals the mixed pattern dynamic behavior observed in numerical simulations. Our findings uncover new dynamical behaviors of the model, contributing to a deeper understanding of PZEM in biological contexts.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 92D40; 65M06; 34C23; 35B20; 35K55; 91B55.
Comparative Statistics of Solar Flares and Flare Stars
Authors: Katz Jonathan I. , Bharmal Mustafa , Ju Matthew , Whitsett Nathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The distribution of interval times between recurrent discrete events, such as Solar and stellar flares, reflects their underlying dynamics. Log-normal functions provide good fits to the interval time distributions of many astronomical processes. The width of the fit is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes its underlying dynamics, in analogy to the critical exponents of renormalization group theory. If the distribution of event strengths is a power law, as it often is, then the width of the log-normal is independent of the detector sensitivity, making it a robust metric. Analyzing two catalogues of Solar flares over periods ranging from 46 days to 37 years, we find that the widths of log-normal fits to the intervals between flares are wider than those of shot noise, indicating memory in the underlying dynamics even over a time much shorter than the Solar cycle. In contrast, the statistics of flare stars are consistent with shot noise (no memory). We suggest that this is a consequence of the production of Solar flares in localized transient active regions with varying mean flare rate, but that the very energetic flares of flare stars result from global magnetic rearrangement that reinitializes their magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.
Prediction of Solar Cycle 25 from Monthly Mean Sunspot Number by Using Simplex Projection Method
Authors: Gerceker Kemalhan , Kilcik Ali , Yurchyshyn Vasyl 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Solar activity and the associated space weather have a significant impact on the Solar system and the Earth. They even directly or indirectly affect life on Earth. Therefore, well understanding and prediction of solar activity has become increasingly important in recent years. In this paper, we present predictions for monthly mean and 13-month averaged monthly mean sunspot numbers (SSN) for the amplitude and time of Solar Cycle 25 using the Simplex Projection method, an approach for analyzing nonlinear and chaotic systems. In addition, we produce highly successful postcasts for the last 5 past solar cycles (Solar Cycle 20 to 24) and outperform the postcast/prediction performances of similar studies in the literature. In general, smoothed/averaged SSN data used for the solar cycle prediction. Here, for the first time we used unsmoothed monthly mean SSN data for the long-term solar cycle prediction. We also present a new finding in our study that reveals the sensitivity of the library and prediction sets to the initial and final condition of these sets in order to achieve better prediction performance. We predict that Solar Cycle 25 will be stronger than the previous Solar Cycle 24. Accordingly, we predict the time of maximum for the 13-month averaged monthly mean sunspot number in December 2024 with sunspot number of 144.9-162.9 and for the monthly mean sunspot number in February 2025 with sunspot number of 219.8-246. Cycle minima are also predicted between February 2030 and May 2031 with a 13-month averaged monthly sunspot number of 14-32 and between July 2030 and October 2031 with a monthly mean sunspot number of 8.9-41.7.