bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifaceted aspects of synchrony between freshwater prokaryotes and protists
Authors: Obertegger Ulrike , Pindo Massimo , Flaim Giovanna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCommunity composition of freshwater prokaryotes and protists varies through time. Few studies contemporarily investigate temporal variation of these freshwater communities for more than 1 year. We compared the temporal patterns of prokaryotes and protists in three distinct habitats for 4 years (2014–2017) in Lake Tovel, a cold‐water lake. This lake showed a marked temperature increase in 2017 linked to altered precipitation patterns. We investigated whether microbial communities reflected this change across habitats and whether changes occurred at the same time and to the same extent. Furthermore, we tested the concept of hydrological year emphasizing the ecological effect of water renewal on communities for its explanatory power of community changes. Microbe diversity was assessed by Illumina sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene and 18S rRNA gene, and we applied co‐inertia analysis and asymmetric eigenvector maps modelling to infer synchrony and temporal patterns of prokaryotes and protists. When considering community composition, microbes were invariable in synchrony across habitats and indicated a temporal gradient linked to decreasing precipitation; however, when looking at temporal patterns, the extent of synchrony was reduced. Small‐scale patterns were similar across habitats and microbes and linked to seasonally varying environmental variables, while large‐scale patterns were different and partially linked to an ecosystem change as indicated by increasing water transparency and temperature and decreasing dissolved oxygen. Our advanced statistical approach outlined the multifaceted aspect of synchrony when linked to community composition and temporal patterns.
Serratus Plane Block Is Effective for Pain Control in Patients With Blunt Chest Trauma: A Case Series
Authors: Martinez Thibault , Belveyre Thibaut , Lopez Alexandre , Dunyach Chloe , Bouzit Zina , Dubreuil Guillaume , Zetlaoui Paul , Duranteau Jacques 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundRib fractures occur frequently following blunt chest trauma and induce morbidity and mortality. Analgesia is a cornerstone for their management, and regional analgesia is one of the tools available to reach this objective. Epidural and paravertebral blocks are the classical techniques used, but the serratus plane block (SPB) has recently been described as an effective technique for thoracic analgesia.MethodsThis case series reported and analyzed 10 consecutive cases of SPB for blunt chest trauma analgesia in a level 1 trauma center from May to October 2018. SPB was performed with either a single shot of local anesthetic or a catheter infusion.ResultsTen patients were treated with 3 single shots and 7 catheter infusions (median length 3 days [interquartile range (IQR) 2.5 to 3.5]). The Median Injury Severity Score was 16 (IQR 16 to 23), and the number of broken ribs ranged from 3 to 22. Daily equivalent oral morphine consumption was significantly decreased after SPB from 108 mg (IQR 67 to 120) to 19 mg (IQR 0 to 58) (P = 0.015). The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score during cough was significantly decreased from 7.3 (IQR 5.3 to 8.8) to 4 (IQR 3.6 to 4.6) (P = 0.03). The NPRS score at rest remained unchanged. One complication occurred, due to a catheter section.ConclusionsThe SPB technique (with or without catheter insertion) in 10 patients who had blunt chest trauma with rib fractures is effective for cough pain control, with a significant decrease in morphine consumption.
Is Utena's Brief Objective Measures (UBOM) useful in real‐world behavioral assessment of functioning? Validity and utility testing in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Sawada Kingo , Sakakibara Eisuke , Kanehara Akiko , Koike Haruna , Suga Motomu , Fujieda Yumiko , Miyamoto Yuki , Fukuda Masato , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: September 2019

AimUtena's Brief Objective Measures (UBOM) was developed to assess psychophysiological functions proximal to real‐world functioning in individuals with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), to facilitate shared decision‐making. However, the validity of UBOM has not been fully examined.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional observational study to evaluate the validity of each of the three tests in UBOM: UBOM‐Pulse, UBOM‐Ruler, and UBOM‐Random. We investigated associations: (i) between UBOM and existing cognitive‐ and autonomic‐function tests; and (ii) between UBOM and daily social functioning. The participants included SCZ individuals and healthy controls. We evaluated the cognitive and autonomic function using UBOM, the heart rate variability test, the simple reaction time test, and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Japanese version. We also assessed the daily social functioning using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and the modified Global Assessment of Functioning, Japanese version.ResultsThirty‐one SCZ individuals and 35 healthy control individuals participated in this study. In the SCZ group, UBOM‐Ruler was significantly associated with the Cognition and Getting Along domains of WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. UBOM‐Random was significantly associated with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia's Working Memory, Verbal Fluency and Attention domains, and the modified Global Assessment of Functioning in the SCZ group.ConclusionThe validity of the current version of UBOM is imperfect and further improvements will be necessary to attain the originally intended goal of developing a brief assessment tool for real‐world functioning in SCZ.
Inhospital exercise benefits in childhood cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Morales Javier S. , Santana‐Sosa Elena , Santos‐Lozano Alejandro , Baño‐Rodrigo Antonio , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Rincón‐Castanedo Cecilia , Fernández‐Moreno David , González Vicent Marta , Pérez‐Somarriba Marta , Madero Luis , Lassaletta Alvaro , Fiuza‐Luces Carmen , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: September 2019

Childhood cancer patients are at risk of developing important adverse effects, mortality and disease relapse after treatments, which has a substantial economic impact on healthcare systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supervised inhospital exercise on clinical endpoints during childhood cancer treatment. 169 children with a new diagnosis of cancer were divided into an exercise intervention (n = 68, 11 ± 4 years) or a control group (n = 101, 11 ± 3 years). The cohort was followed up from the start of treatment for up to five years. Supervised inhospital exercise intervention was performed during the neoadjuvant (for solid tumors) or intensive chemotherapy treatment period (for leukemias). The median duration of the intervention was 22 (interquartile range, 14‐28) weeks. We assessed survival, risk of disease relapse or metastasis, and days of hospitalization (primary outcomes), and cardiovascular function, anthropometry and blood variables (secondary outcomes). No exercise‐related adverse events were noted. The exercise group had significantly less days of hospitalization than the control group (P = .031), resulting in a lower (~−17%) mean total economic cost of hospitalization in the former. Moreover, echocardiography‐determined left ventricular function (ejection fraction and fractional shortening) was significantly impaired in the control group after treatment compared with baseline, whereas it was maintained in the exercise group (P = .024 and .021 for the between‐group differences, respectively). In conclusion, supervised inhospital exercise intervention is safe and plays a cardioprotective role, at least in the short term, in children with cancer, also reducing hospitalization time, and therefore alleviating the economic burden.
Analyses of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in the context of transfusion: how much is in stored blood products and in patient blood?
Authors: Poppe Annika , Moritz Eileen , Geffken Maria , Schreiber Joerg , Greiwe Gillis , Amschler Katharina , Wruck Marie‐Louise , Schwedhelm Edzard , Daum Günter , Kluge Stefan , Peine Sven , Winkler Martin Sebastian 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUNDSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bloodborne lipid that regulates vascular tone and endothelial permeability. S1P concentrations are reduced in critically ill patients. As hematopoietic cells produce S1P, this study intends to investigate S1P concentrations in blood products during storage and in patient plasma after blood transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSS1P concentrations were measured in 83 red blood cell (RBC) units and 73 platelet concentrates (PCs) before and after storage. In addition, 26 critically ill patients who received one or two RBC units were recruited to measure S1P plasma levels before and three times within 24 hours after transfusion.RESULTSThe highest S1P concentrations were found in fresh PCs. S1P concentrations in PCs are reduced by 60% when stored at room temperature for 4 days, whereas in RBCs S1P concentrations remained stable when stored at 4°C within 35 days. S1P concentrations in PCs and RBCc were 2.5 to 6 times higher compared to patient plasma. Plasma S1P levels in critically ill patients, however, transiently decreased after transfusion of RBCs and recover to pretransfusion values within the following 24 hours.CONCLUSIONS1P concentrations in blood products are significantly higher compared to human plasma S1P levels, even though plasma S1P levels decreased after RBC transfusion in critically ill patients and reached pretransfusion values within 24 hours.
Contributions of Aníbal Quijano and Enrique Dussel for an Anti-Management Perspective in Defence of Life
Authors: Misoczky Maria Ceci Araujo 
Published: September 2019

This text belongs to the field of Latin American studies and, more specifically, affirm the Philosophy of Liberation as its ethical fundament. It affirms the adoption of an anti-management attitude because the distinction between Northern/Southern management is irrelevant for the victims. Quijano’s coloniality of power and Dussel’s transmodernity are introduced because they open possibilities for a politicized discussion that goes beyond culturalism and indicate the need of transcending the globalized power of capitalist power as an indispensable condition for the liberation of the victims of this system of power. Follows a critical appraisal of postcolonial studies and a brief overview of its presence in the field of MOS. Finally, the argument for the need of an anti-management perspective is presented.
Application of Savonius Rotor for Hydrokinetic Power Generation
Authors: Doso Oying , Gao Sarsing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTechnological advancement is specifically identified by the usage of energy. The energy requirement is increasing because of the exponential population rise, increased industrial activities, and subsequent accelerated economic activities in both urban and suburban areas. The traditional power sources are becoming unsustainable as energy demand and induction of new sources for augmenting the energy need are lopsided. Additionally, traditional energy sources cause pollution, natural hazards, and more importantly, it is uneconomical. Due to these reasons, it becomes compelling to look for alternative sources of energy. Hydropower generation is reliable, non-polluting to a large extent, and a cheaper source of electrical energy. However, the conventional large hydropower projects, especially with reservoir components, are being opposed worldwide for social, environmental, economic, and safety reasons. Therefore, electricity production from free-flowing water may present a viable choice. Here, the free-flowing river water current is used to drive vertical-axis turbines preferably, Savonius rotors which are ideally built for wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The rotor is directly coupled to electric generators, and the scheme presents a typical variable voltage and variable frequency system similar to that of WECS except that the working force is due to water rather than wind. The use of the Savonius rotor for hydrokinetic power generation is uncommon; however, increased exploitation of this methodology may help in augmenting future energy need. This paper reviews the Savonius rotor and its possible application for hydrokinetic power generation; the merits and demerits of such schemes are clearly outlined.
Sociodemographic and health-related determinants for making repeated calls to a medical helpline: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Blakoe Mitti , Gamst-Jensen Hejdi , von Euler-Chelpin My , Collatz Christensen Helle , Møller Tom 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo identify sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of callers’ making repeated calls within 48 hours to a medical helpline, compared with those who only call once.SettingIn the Capital Region of Denmark people with acute, non-life-threatening illnesses or injuries are triaged through a single-tier medical helpline for acute, healthcare services.ParticipantsPeople who called the medical helpline between 18 January and 9 February 2017 were invited to participate in the survey. During the period, 38 787 calls were handled and 12 902 agreed to participate. Calls were excluded because of the temporary civil registration number (n=78), the call was not made by the patient or a close relative (n=699), or survey responses were incomplete (n=19). Hence, the analysis included 12 106 calls, representing 11.131 callers’ making single calls and 464 callers’ making two or more calls within 48 hours. Callers’ data (age, sex and caller identification) were collected from the medical helpline’s electronic records. Data were enriched using the callers’ self-rated health, self-evaluated degree of worry, and registry data on income, ethnicity and comorbidities. The OR for making repeated calls was calculated in a crude, sex-adjusted and age-adjusted analysis and in a mutually adjusted analysis.ResultsThe crude logistic regression analysis showed that age, self-rated health, self-evaluated degree of worry, income, ethnicity and comorbidities were significantly associated with making repeated calls. In the mutually adjusted analysis associations decreased, however, odds ratios remained significantly decreased for callers with a household income in the middle (OR=0.71;95% CI 0.54 to 0.92) or highest (OR=0.68;95% CI 0.48 to 0.96) quartiles, whereas immigrants had borderline significantly increased OR (OR=1.34;95% CI 0.96 to 1.86) for making repeated calls.ConclusionsFindings suggest that income and ethnicity are potential determinants of callers’ need to make additional calls within 48 hours to a medical helpline with triage function.
Blast injuries in children: a mixed-methods narrative review
Authors: Milwood Hargrave John , Pearce Phillip , Mayhew Emily Rose , Bull Anthony , Taylor Sebastian 
Published: September 2019

Background and significanceBlast injuries arising from high explosive weaponry is common in conflict areas. While blast injury characteristics are well recognised in the adults, there is a lack of consensus as to whether these characteristics translate to the paediatric population. Understanding blast injury patterns in this cohort is essential for providing appropriate provision of services and care for this vulnerable cohort.MethodsIn this mixed-methods review, original papers were screened for data pertaining to paediatric injuries following blasts. Information on demographics, morbidity and mortality, and service requirements were evaluated. The papers were written and published in English from a range of international specialists in the field.ResultsChildren affected by blast injuries are predominantly male and their injuries arise from explosive remnants of war, particularly unexploded ordinance. Blasts show increased morbidity and mortality in younger children, while older children have injury patterns similar to adults. Head and burn injuries represent a significant cause of mortality in young children, while lower limb morbidity is reduced compared with adults. Children have a disproportionate requirement for both operative and non-operative service resources, and provisions for this burden are essential.ConclusionsCertain characteristics of paediatric injuries arising from blasts are distinct from that of the adult cohort, while the intensive demands on services highlight the importance of understanding the diverse injury patterns in order to optimise future service provisions in caring for this child blast survivor.
Assessment of school readiness of children and factors associated with risk of inadequate school readiness in Ujjain, India: an observational study
Authors: Shrivastava Shreya , Patil Vandana , Shelke Madhavi , Anvikar Madhura , Mathur Aditya , Pathak Ashish 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveSchool readiness is a condition or state indicating that the child is ready to learn in a formal educational set-up. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with school readiness in urban schoolchildren in Ujjain, India.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2016 to March 2017. Two English-medium schools were conveniently selected. All children aged 5–7 years were eligible to participate. A subscale of Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition, namely ‘school readiness scale’, was used to assess school readiness in three major domains—early number concept, matching letter-like forms and phonological processing. Data on factors associated with school readiness were collected through parent interview. Quantile regression analysis was used to explore school readiness scores.ResultsThis study included 203 school-going children (105 boys and 98 girls) having a mean (SD) age of 67.7 (±0.51) months. The phonological processing and matching letter-like forms had 31.5% and 30.5% children, respectively, in lower quantiles (≤25th). The higher quantile (≥75th) scores were achieved for phonological processing and early number concept (47.7% and 44.8% children, respectively). The results of quantile regression showed negative association of school readiness scores with age of children, lower socioeconomic status and hospitalisation status, especially in the lower quantiles (≤25th). The 10th, 50th and 75th quantile scores were positively correlated with the increasing education status of the mother. Birth weight was positively associated with the median and higher quantile scores (≥75th).ConclusionsSchool readiness in a middle-class urban setting in India was negatively associated with lower age of the child, lower socioeconomic status, hospitalisation and positively correlated with increasing birth weight and maternal education. Lower quantile scores were achieved in matching letter-like forms, which measures complex visual–spatial processing, and phonological ability, which correlates with acquired verbal concepts. Focused interventions are needed to improve these skills.
Impact of chronic health conditions and injury on school performance and health outcomes in New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective record linkage study protocol
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Cameron Cate M , Lystad Reidar P , Nielssen Olav , McMaugh Anne , Herkes Geoffrey , Schniering Carolyn , Hng Tien-Ming 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionChildren who have sustained a serious injury or who have a chronic health condition, such as diabetes or epilepsy, may have their school performance adversely impacted by the condition, treatment of the condition and/or time away from school. Examining the potential adverse impact requires the identification of children most likely to be affected and the use of objective measures of education performance. This may highlight educational disparities that could be addressed with learning support. This study aims to examine education performance, school completion and health outcomes of children in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, who were hospitalised with an injury or a chronic health condition compared with children who have not been hospitalised for these conditions.Method and analysisThis research will be a retrospective population-level case-comparison study of hospitalised injured or chronically ill children (ie, diabetes, epilepsy, asthma or mental health conditions) aged ≤18 years in NSW, Australia, using linked health and education administrative data collections. It will examine the education performance, school completion and health outcomes of children who have been hospitalised in NSW with an injury or a chronic health condition compared with children randomly drawn from the NSW population (matched on gender, age and residential postcode) who have not been hospitalised for these conditions.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethics approval from the NSW Population Health Services Research Ethics Committee (2018HRE0904). Findings from the research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
Higher discontinuation rate with a standard-sized compared to a small-sized ‘gold standard’ copper intrauterine device: a case-control review
Authors: Akintomide Hannat , Barnes Pam , Brima Nataliya , Mansour Diana 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundT-shaped intrauterine devices (IUDs) with a copper surface area of 380 mm2and copper bands on the transverse arms are the most effective types of copper-containing IUDs. A small-sized ‘gold standard’ IUD is available but there has been little research to compare the effects of this small-sized IUD to its standard-sized counterpart.AimTo determine discontinuation rates and reasons for discontinuation at 1 year of the small-sized Mini TT380 Slimline IUD compared with the standard-sized TT380 Slimline.MethodsThe clinical records of women fitted with Mini TT380 Slimline (‘mini’) IUDs were compared with those of women fitted with standard-sized TT380 Slimline (‘standard’) IUDs over a 3-year period (2013–2016).ResultsClinical records were available for 67 women fitted with a mini IUD (mean age 23 years, 64% nulliparous) and 63 women fitted with a standard IUD (mean age 25 years, 39% nulliparous). At 1 year, twice as many standard IUD users (32%, n=20) had discontinued their IUD use compared with mini IUD users (15%, n=10). Complaints of pain and bleeding were more than double (70%, n=14) in those women who discontinued standard IUD use compared with those who discontinued using the mini IUD (30%, n=3). These differences were statistically significant and were unrelated to parity.ConclusionsMore women using a standard-sized ‘gold standard’ IUD rather than its smaller counterpart complained of pain and bleeding, leading to higher discontinuation at 1 year. More research on the association between size and discontinuation of these IUDs is needed.