bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking symbioses with intrinsic chemical defences in conifers: Fungal‐mediated resistance against an invasive pathogen
Authors: Bullington Lorinda , Martin Emily , Erbilgin Nadir , Kennedy Peter , Kegley Angelia , Larkin Beau , Lekberg Ylva , Six Diana , Sniezko Richard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Invasive pathogens threaten the sustainability of forest ecosystems globally. Trees possess intrinsic pathogen defence mechanisms, including major gene resistance (MGR) and quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Plant‐symbiotic fungi can enhance tree defences, generating far‐reaching ecosystem impacts. However, the specific contributions of various fungal guilds to this symbiont‐mediated resistance remain unclear.

In this study, we inoculated six Pinus monticola seedling families exhibiting resistance (MGR or QDR) or high susceptibility to the introduced invasive pathogen Cronartium ribicola, the causative agent of white pine blister rust (WPBR), with endophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi, either alone or in combination (symbiont treatments), in an open‐air greenhouse study. Over a period of 25 months, we monitored the growth, foliar terpene defences, and disease progression in trees before and after C. ribicola infection and in trees inoculated with the symbionts but never inoculated with C. ribicola.

We observed enhanced inducible host defences and evidence of defensive priming in response to symbiont treatments. In WPBR‐free control treatments, differences in pine defences coincided with an increased seedling growth rate. For WPBR‐infected seedlings, symbiont treatments reduced disease symptoms in seedlings with QDR and to a lesser extent in susceptible families, but not in those with MGR. Furthermore, disease symptoms correlated with variations in terpene composition.

Synthesis and applications: Interactions with fungal symbionts should be considered when breeding native trees for resistance against invasive pathogens. Our study underscores the capacity of endophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi to enhance tree growth and defence while also reducing disease symptoms. We also show that fungi can induce long‐lasting changes in conifer foliar terpenes, suggesting potential applications in tree protection from invasive pathogens.
Flower scent, pollinators, and effects of proximity between plants on fruit set of the rare, threatened, and endemic Daphne rodriguezii
Authors: Cardona Carles , Ferriol Pere , Llorens Leonardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on Daphne rodriguezii, a threatened plant species that is endemic to Menorca in the Balearic Islands of the Western Mediterranean. The main objective was to investigate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the floral aroma, as well as the timing and chemical variations in scent production. The primary pollinators were identified, and the relationship between their behavior and the chemical profile of the floral scent was investigated. Furthermore, the impact of plant density on fruit set rates was evaluated to obtain valuable insights for conservation and habitat‐management initiatives. The findings reveal that D. rodriguezii emits a distinct sweet floral aroma that primarily consists of benzenoids and linalool derivatives. Scent emission occurs during the evening and night, coinciding with the activity period of moths (Autographa gamma), which were identified as the primary pollen vectors for this self‐incompatible species. The fruit set values exhibit a positive correlation with the proximity between plants. These results emphasize the importance of moths and plant proximity as crucial factors to consider in the conservation management of this species.
Crisis, temporality and governmental policy agendas: The cases of Finland and Sweden
Authors: Vogt Henri , Värttö Mikko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCrises transform the temporal orientation of political decision‐making. They demand immediate and decisive action and thus convert time into a means of political control. In these circumstances, assessing the long‐term consequences of proposed policies with respect to welfare, sustainability or justice also becomes demanding. Yet crisis conditions may also contain of elements that can enable positive postcrisis societal changes. Crises can offer opportunities for new developmental measures and building a better future—something political leaders may capitalise on in their agenda‐setting. By analysing the programmes of the post‐2014 Finnish and Swedish governments, this paper seeks to make sense of how the current crisis mode has shaped these countries' politics in terms of their temporal horizons. The analysis focuses on three main perspectives or forms of articulation—innovative stabilisation, long‐termism and synchronisation—by way of which these governments seek to navigate through crises‐afflicted times and offer a desirable future direction for their respective societies. The analysis offers important insights into the (unused) potential of crises to achieve something substantially novel in the Nordic and European political landscape, ultimately advancing the conditions for a future‐regarding democratic system.
Can GPS Monitoring Be Viewed as a Bodyguard, Rather than a Prison Guard?: The Use of Electronic Monitoring to Reduce the Risk of Cross‐Border Parental Child Abduction
Authors: Yaqub Nazia 
Published: November 2024

Globally, the number of cases of international parental child abduction has remained consistent in the past decade, despite the array of legal provisions designed to prevent it. The current legal approach is ineffective. Reflecting on the findings of an empirical study on parental abduction from the UK, the article considers a novel solution which aims to protect children at risk of abduction through electronic monitoring. The electronic monitoring of children has negative connotations, particularly its use in the criminal justice system. The article considers whether electronic monitoring, in the context of family law proceedings, could serve a protective rather than a punitive purpose. Such an approach requires a conceptual shift, to view electronic monitoring as a bodyguard for the privileged few, rather than as a prison guard. The article reflects on the use of electronic monitoring in parental abduction cases by the Family Courts and examines the proposal drawing on the rights found in the European Convention on Human Rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. A rights‐based analysis, as opposed to one constructed solely on the child's best interests in English family law, enables its application in other legal jurisdictions and protective contexts.
Multimodal Sensemaking and Sensegiving Processes of Discursive Threat Appraisal in Environmental Crisis Communication
Authors: Ravazzani Silvia , Maier Carmen Daniela , Jin Yan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how multimodal sensemaking and sensegiving processes of discursive threat appraisal are employed by global movements in their environmental crisis communication when disclosing how corporate commitments are failing to reduce the global plastic pollution. The theoretical framework includes perspectives on global sticky crises, threat appraisal, framing, crisis sensemaking and sensegiving, and multimodal discourse. Empirically, a series of brand audits reports of #breakfreefromplastic global movement are systematically examined. The analytical focus transcends the usual monomodal approach and is directed towards the multimodal interplay that builds strategic discourses through images and texts. Findings details, on the one hand, the multimodal discursive sensemaking processes of content enrichment and appeal bolstering as well as their outcomes related to the building of common sense, new sense, and non‐sense; on the other hand, they clarify how prognostic, diagnostic, and motivational framing tasks are accomplished in environmental crisis sensegiving by the global movement. This study provides insights useful to corporations when reevaluating their own crisis sensemaking and sensegiving in corporate communications and, ultimately, contribute to changing risky corporate behaviour toward more effective and ethical environmental crisis prevention and communication.
Road to net zero: Greenness of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and California Green Building Standards Code in the multifamily sector
Authors: Chung Jamie , Cusumano Michael , Kim Dongshin , Park Abraham 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the effectiveness of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) sustainability programs in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in multifamily buildings. We find that CALGreen effectively reduces GHG emissions by 7.2%–11.6%. However, among properties completed during the CALGreen period (on or after 2015), LEED‐certified properties exhibit 14.1%–20.8% higher GHG emissions compared to non‐LEED‐certified buildings. We attribute this result to the emphasis on theoretical design versus actual energy performance of those programs. Furthermore, our research reveals that LEED‐certified buildings completed before the implementation of CALGreen command a rent premium of 4.7%–5.4%. However, this LEED premium diminishes during the CALGreen period. Non‐LEED properties completed during the CALGreen period show limited evidence of rent premiums.
Acid attacks on pin‐tumbler locks
Authors: Meisel Lars Oliver , Weber Matthias 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently, an unusual method of home burglary has emerged in several European countries. Nitric acid is used to attack the tumbler lock of the front door. The aim of this study is to gain insights into the technical functioning of this method and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this modus operandi. For this purpose, four pin‐tumbler locks were attached to a custom‐made holder and 65% nitric acid was successively injected into the key channel using a syringe. The locks were checked manually and using a CT scanner to see whether the lock was overcome and how the acid did affect the pins and springs. In three out of four cases the lock was overcome. The shortest time was 22 min until the pin pairs could be removed and it was possible to turn the core with a screwdriver. Overall, the results show that the modus operandi works with standard locks. According to the authors, the long duration and the high health risk are significant disadvantages in relation to other overcoming methods.
We can do better: Recommendations for mental health crisis care from people with lived experience
Authors: Roennfeldt Helena , Glover Helen , Castles Calista , Roper Cath , Hill Nicole , Byrne Louise , Hamilton Bridget E 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ED is increasingly the first point of contact for people who have no alternative when they are in a mental health crisis. However, there is mounting evidence of inadequate and negative responses to mental health crises in the ED, which has been identified as a ‘human rights flashpoint’. This paper presents the desired crisis support from people who have accessed the ED in a mental health crisis and offers significant opportunities to use lived experience knowledge to reshape crisis care. These key messages arise from a phenomenological analysis of in‐depth interviews with 31 users of ED services, a PhD study conducted by a lived experience researcher. The paper concludes with six recommendations that combine collective wished‐for responses with tangible examples of how these desired responses can be translated into crisis care practice.
Mass transfer kinetics of ultrasonic‐ and vacuum‐ultrasonic‐assisted static brine of chicken breast (Pectoralis major)
Authors: Shao Jiaqi , Zhang Haozhen , Wang Jingjie , Xu Xinglian , Zhao Xue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different ultrasound treatment (UT) conditions (Control, UT‐150, UT‐300, UT‐450, Vacuum‐UT‐150, Vacuum‐UT‐300, Vacuum‐UT‐450) on the brining kinetics and meat quality of chicken breast. The results showed that vacuum‐ultrasonic‐assisted treatment greatly accelerated the transfer of moisture and NaCl, and the highest yield was obtained by ultrasonic power of 450 W. The mass transfer kinetics (k1 and k2) were significantly related to vacuum pretreatment and ultrasonic power. The values of k1 for total and moisture weight changes decreased with the increase of ultrasonic power, whereas the values of k2 increased with vacuum pretreatment. The application of ultrasound treatment with vacuum improved the NaCl effective diffusion coefficients (De) from 1.189 × 10−9 to 1.308–1.449 × 10−9 m2/s, and the highest De was found with Vacuum‐UT‐450. The treatment of ultrasound and vacuum can reduce shear force and enhance the water‐holding capacity (WHC). According to the analysis of water distribution, vacuum and ultrasound could decrease the T23 values, indicating that the mobility of water decreased. The result of microscopic observation further supported that the disruption of myofibrils was related to the tenderness and WHC changes, which was caused by vacuum and ultrasound treatment. Thus, Vacuum‐UT brining could be employed as an emerging technology for improving the efficiency of brining and meat quality of other meat.Practical ApplicationVacuum‐ultrasonic‐assisted static brine is an effective and feasible treatment to replace tumbling treatment for maintaining the integrity of the muscle bundles and accelerating the brining rate.
A Translator's Face: Persianate Selfhood and Portraiture, 1760–1800
Authors: Richards Beth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWithin the framework of Persianate self‐hood, this article explores the intersection between translation, Indian dress, and portraiture in India and Britain, 1760–1800. It examines the translator's lived experience and cultural output as a published scholar and Persian secretary in the East India Company. First, it considers the self‐constructed through clothing; second, it examines how the role of the EIC translator is discretely performed. The third is the role of art and the artist in visualizing a record of professional life and its relationship with material culture, and finally, how it evoked a multifarious kinship on a network of ideas unrelated to ethnicity or place. Engaging with the concept of transculturalism, it considers the global ‘family’ as a flexible and dynamic unit that empowers the movement of visual and material culture within generations. The investigation of dress and grooming reframes the imperial ‘self’, seeing dress as the primary navigator of cultural space.
Mendelian randomization studies in ankylosing spondylitis: A systematic review
Authors: Wei Jiangnan , Zhu Xiuyuan , Wang Jiaxian , Yang Kezhou , Chen Jiayin , Li Jingling , Zuo Shunli , Liu Ning 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research has revealed connections between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and comorbid conditions. However, observational studies frequently encounter difficulties in establishing definitive causal links between potential risk factors and AS. In contrast, Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a more robust approach to exploring causality by leveraging the random allocation of alleles at birth, thereby minimizing confounding factors.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched for MR studies related to AS with a time frame of database creation to May 2024. Information on authors, exposures, outcomes, data sources, SNPs, MR analysis methods, ORs (95% CIs), and p‐values was extracted. Quality assessment was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist.ResultsWe systematically reviewed 42 MR studies in AS. Health behaviors, comorbidities, and serum markers were involved. Overall, physical activity, inflammatory bowel disease, and specific intestinal flora with serum markers as exposures were causally associated with AS, which leads to an increased risk with several comorbidities.ConclusionsMR is a powerful tool for assessing causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Specific intestinal flora and inflammatory bowel disease appear to be uncontroversial risk factors that increase the risk of AS. Reliable and robust MR findings may provide a more comprehensive health management strategy for patients with AS.
A 3D modelling approach to measuring structural characteristics of bird nest interiors
Authors: Guo Jing‐Chia , Shaner Pei‐Jen Lee , Hung Chih‐Ming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Nests are considered extended phenotypes of animals with potentially serious fitness consequences for the survival of offspring. Therefore, nest characteristics may contain valuable information about the underlying ecological and evolutionary mechanisms shaping animal reproduction. However, we currently lack efficient tools to archive nests and measure their characteristics, particularly concerning enclosed nests.

Here we developed a step‐by‐step protocol of a 3D modelling approach to measure structural characteristics of nest interiors using the enclosed, dome‐shaped nests of Asian house martins as a test system. We first created the replicas of nest interiors using polyurethane (‘physical replicas’), from which 3D models were constructured using Metashape software (‘digital replicas’). We then estimated the volume and entrance area size of the digital replicas of nest interior using Metashape. To verify that the digital replicas preserve the structural characteristics of the physical replicas, we measured the volume and entrance area size of the physical replicas with Archimedes' drainage method and ImageJ, respectively. We then compared the manual measurements of the physical replicas to the values estimated from digital replicas.

The estimates on the interior volume and entrance area size of 50 Asian house martin nests were nearly identical between physical and digital replicas. These results verified that the digital replicas are as reliable as the physical replicas for measuring structural characteristics of nest interior.

Our 3D modelling approach allows for easy archiving as digital replicas of nest interiors endure preservation over time much better than actual nest specimens. Furthermore, digital replicas can be shared via internet and analysed for different aspects of morphometrics at any time by anyone. Overall, this tool should facilitate research on the ecology and evolution of animals in relation to nest construction.
Impact of the Valsalva manoeuvre on the choroid: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Arnold‐Vangsted Andreas , Boberg‐Ans Lars Christian , Cehofski Lasse Jørgensen , van Dijk Elon H. C. , Grauslund Jakob , Hansen Michael Stormly , Kiilgaard Hans Christian , Klefter Oliver Niels , Krogh Nielsen Marie , Sevik Mehmet Orkun , Subhi Yousif 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA variety of daily activities can intentionally or unintentionally cause the Valsalva manoeuvre, which induces a physiological response of elevated peripheral venous pressure. Studies have speculated that it may ultimately affect the choroidal anatomy. This is particularly important from a clinical point‐of‐view since patients occasionally hold their breath while undergoing macular optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature to understand the impact of the Valsalva manoeuvre on the choroid and conducted meta‐analyses on the changes induced in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI). We searched 12 literature databases for studies in healthy participants undergoing Valsalva manoeuvre with choroidal OCT scans before and during the manoeuvre. Seven studies with a total of 444 eyes of 279 individuals were eligible for the review. The Valsalva manoeuvre led to a statistically significant but numerically small increase in the SFCT of 6.5 μm (95% CI: 1.6–11.4 μm; p = 0.01) and a statistically significant increase in the CVI of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.23–1.73; p = 0.0002). Thus, the Valsalva manoeuvre has a measurable impact on the choroid, and we recommend careful observation of how the patient sits and behaves behind the OCT scanner while scanning in order to allow accurate measurements of the choroid for diagnosis and monitoring.
(Pragmatist) geographies of rankings
Authors: Rainer Gerhard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs a rapidly growing interdisciplinary literature has argued, rankings have become a key means of valuation in contemporary society. However, the majority of the work focuses on rankings in only a few areas, and even if spatial aspects play a role in the interdisciplinary literature, the number of explicitly geographical works on rankings is surprisingly low. Against this backdrop, in this paper I aim firstly to flesh out a pragmatism‐inspired geographical perspective on rankings. Secondly, using the example of wine rankings, I will ask the question as to how the growing importance of rankings has changed valuation schemes. The wine industry is particularly well suited to this, as nominal classifications in the form of designations of origin have historically played a central role here. A pragmatist, geographical perspective on ordinal ordering processes illustrates that rankings evoke both economic and geographical realities; they do this not only through the ranking processes as such, but also through observation of and engagement with rankings by different actors. In the case of wine, local/regional specificity is an inherent part of the world of rankings—be it through the fact that ranking processes build on (embodied) geographically contextualised knowledge of wine judges, through the possibilities of using (or not using) (different) rankings for different markets by wine producers, or through the balance between the marketing of wine through rankings and the suitability of those very wines for the specific markets in which they are to be sold. This is perhaps the biggest difference compared with other fields in which the importance of rankings has increased considerably—in particular, higher education. It helps to explain why the historically significant valuation scheme of geographical origin has not lost any of its significance, despite the increase in the importance of rankings in the world of wine.