bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RABBIT’S HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF EXPLOITATION TREATED BIODEGRADABLE POLLUTION WATER BY JOHKASOU SYSTEM
Authors: Osman A. H. , El Miniawy Hala M. F. , Zakia A. M. , Mahmoud A. M. , Mohamed M. H. , Khattab A. M. , Zaki Ewiss M. A. 
Published: April 2018

This paper is considered as a part of a multi-disciplinary analysis “Application of Decentralized On-Site Water Treatment System in Egypt for Use in Agriculture and Producing Safe Animal Proteins”. The project aimed to investigate the environmental impact of implementing sewage water before and after treatment using the effluent of the on-site decentralized Japanese’ Johkasou system. Blood chemistry of liver and kidney enzymes revealed significant increase in the fourth week in comparison with groups of treated and tap water. On the other hand, ALT and AST levels have no statistical differences between treated and tap water reared animals. The progressive pathological lesions were noted in 100% and 70% untreated water groups.The benefit of Johkasou system model CE10 in treatment of sewage water and suitability for rearing of animals is demonstrated.
Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer: More Than Just a Gut Feeling
Authors: Riquelme Erick , Maitra Anirban , McAllister Florencia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Summary: Development of pancreatic cancer in spontaneous murine models is associated with enrichment of specific strains of gut and intratumoral bacteria that induce a tolerogenic immunosuppressive microenvironment favoring cancer progression and resistance to immunotherapies. Ablation of the microbiome with antibiotics reshapes the tumor microenvironment, inducing T-cell activation, improving immune surveillance, and increasing sensitivity to immunotherapy in established tumors. Cancer Discov; 8(4); 386–8. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Pushalkar et al., p. 403.
The Grape Remote Sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration Experiment
Authors: Kustas William P. , Anderson Martha C. , Alfieri Joseph G. , Knipper Kyle , Torres-Rua Alfonso , Parry Christopher K. , Nieto Hector , Agam Nurit , White William A. , Gao Feng , McKee Lynn , Prueger John H. , Hipps Lawrence E. , Los Sebastian , Alsina Maria Mar , Sanchez Luis , Sams Brent , Dokoozlian Nick , McKee Mac , Jones Scott , Yang Yun , Wilson Tiffany G. , Lei Fangni , McElrone Andrew , Heitman Josh L. , Howard Adam M. , Post Kirk , Melton Forrest , Hain Christopher 
Published: April 2018

AbstractParticularly in light of California’s recent multiyear drought, there is a critical need for accurate and timely evapotranspiration (ET) and crop stress information to ensure long-term sustainability of high-value crops. Providing this information requires the development of tools applicable across the continuum from subfield scales to improve water management within individual fields up to watershed and regional scales to assess water resources at county and state levels. High-value perennial crops (vineyards and orchards) are major water users, and growers will need better tools to improve water-use efficiency to remain economically viable and sustainable during periods of prolonged drought. To develop these tools, government, university, and industry partners are evaluating a multiscale remote sensing–based modeling system for application over vineyards. During the 2013–17 growing seasons, the Grape Remote Sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration eXperiment (GRAPEX) project has collected micrometeorological and biophysical data within adjacent pinot noir vineyards in the Central Valley of California. Additionally, each year ground, airborne, and satellite remote sensing data were collected during intensive observation periods (IOPs) representing different vine phenological stages. An overview of the measurements and some initial results regarding the impact of vine canopy architecture on modeling ET and plant stress are presented here. Refinements to the ET modeling system based on GRAPEX are being implemented initially at the field scale for validation and then will be integrated into the regional modeling toolkit for large area assessment.
Dynamically Constrained Interpolation of the Sparsely Observed Suspended Sediment Concentrations in Both Space and Time: A Case Study in the Bohai Sea
Authors: Mao Xinyan , Wang Daosheng , Zhang Jicai , Bian Changwei , Lv Xianqing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe observed suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) obtained from the water sampling are usually sparsely distributed in both space and time, which are traditionally applied just to calibrate other types of observations. In this study a dynamically constrained interpolation methodology (DCIM) is developed to interpolate these sparsely observed SSCs in the Bohai Sea. In this method the suspended sediment transport model is taken as dynamical constraints to interpolate the observations. Meanwhile, the interpolated results are optimized iteratively by adjusting the key model parameters using the adjoint method.The DCIM is first verified using the synthetic observations produced by twin model runs. The modeling results reveal that this method is effective at interpolating the sparsely observed artificial SSCs, even when the observations are heavily contaminated by data noise. Then, the sparsely observed practical SSCs obtained from a large area survey in the Bohai Sea are interpolated using the DCIM. The interpolated results are verified by randomly selected independent observations. The discrepancies between the interpolated SSCs and the observations are significantly decreased. When all the observations are interpolated, the final interpolated SSCs captured a majority (96.88%) of observations with a factor of 2 and the correlation coefficient between the observed and interpolated SSCs is 0.98. Besides, the interpolated results have presented the reasonable dynamical variations of SSCs in the space and time domains. The modeling results indicate that the DCIM is an effective tool for interpolating the sparsely observed SSCs in both space and time.
Impact of HIV Infection on the Clinical Presentation and Survival of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Prospective Observational Study From Botswana
Authors: Milligan Michael G. , Bigger Elizabeth , Abramson Jeremy S. , Sohani Aliyah R. , Zola Musimar , Kayembe Mukendi K.A. , Medhin Heluf , Suneja Gita , Lockman Shahin , Chabner Bruce A. , Dryden-Peterson Scott L. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Botswana has a high prevalence of HIV infection. Currently, there are few data regarding the sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)—an AIDS-defining cancer—in the country. Patients and Methods This study used a prospective cancer registry to identify patients with a new diagnosis of NHL reporting for specialty cancer care at three hospitals in Botswana between October 2010 and August 2016. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results One hundred four patients with a new diagnosis of NHL were enrolled in this study, 72% of whom had HIV infection. Compared with patients not infected with HIV, patients infected with HIV were younger (median age, 53.9 v 39.1 years; P = .001) and more likely to present with an aggressive subtype of NHL (65.5% v 84.0%; P = .008). All patients infected with HIV received combined antiretroviral therapy throughout the course of the study, and similar chemotherapeutic regimens were recommended for all patients, regardless of subtype or HIV status (six to eight cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab). There was no difference in 1-year mortality among patients not infected with HIV and patients infected with HIV (unadjusted analysis, 52.9% v 37.1%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; P = .33; adjusted analysis, HR, 0.57; P = .14). However, when compared with a cohort of patients in the United States matched by subtype, stage, age, sex, and race, patients in Botswana fared worse (1-year mortality, 22.8% v 46.3%; HR, 1.89; P = .001). Conclusion Among patients with NHL reporting for specialty cancer care in Botswana, there is no association between HIV status and 1-year survival.
L'expérience sensible du politique
Authors: Bantigny Ludivine , Gobille Boris 
Published: April 2018

PrécisSur la base d'archives et de témoignages souvent « à vif », cet article entend constituer les émotions exprimées par les acteurs de mai–juin 68 en France en objet d'étude à part entière. En restituant par le bas l'expérience sensible du politique durant l'événement, il cherche à montrer que les affects sont étroitement liés aux propriétés de la dynamique de crise en même temps qu'ils participent à sa structuration. Joie du possible entrouvert, imputation de la peur à l'adversaire, colère mobilisatrice, haines croisées : les émotions sont parties prenantes du protagonisme qui s'empare d'individus découvrant la possibilité d'influer sur le cours de l'histoire, et de l'antagonisme qui façonne la conflictualité des camps en présence. L'article souligne ainsi l'intérêt croisé du prisme émotionnel dans l'étude des conjonctures critiques et des conjonctures critiques dans l'appréhension des émotions par les sciences sociales.Relying on archives and testimonies, this article focuses on the emotions expressed by participants in the May–June 1968 events in France and treats those emotions as an object of inquiry in their own right. By exploring the emotional experience of politics from below, this essay demonstrates that emotions helped establish the crisis atmosphere of May ’68 and shaped its unfolding dynamic. From joy aroused by the opening of a wide field of possibilities to propulsive anger, mutual hatred, and fear, emotions were at the core of the “protagonism” of people discovering their capacity to influence the course of history and of the antagonisms among political stakeholders. Thus the article emphasizes both the benefits of analyzing moments of crisis through the prism of emotions and the significance of crises for the study of emotions in the social sciences.
Structural Change upon One-Electron Reduction of an Isolable Dialkylsilylene
Authors: Abe Takashi , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Dialkyl(potassio)silyl radical 6a[K(18-crown-6)] and dialkylsilylene radical anion 6b[K([2.2.2]cryptand)] were synthesized by the one-electron reduction of dialkylsilylene 5 and characterized by X-ray diffractional analysis and EPR spectroscopy. The structural change from 5 to 6b upon the one-electron reduction can be explained by reduced σ(Si–C) → 3p(Siα) orbital interactions.
Labour pain relief in women with assisted conception and its effects on labour and birth outcomes
Authors: Khajehei Marjan , Assareh Hasan 
Published: April 2018

Background Increased use of assisted reproduction technology has resulted in concerns about its impact on maternal and neonatal wellbeing. Aims To evaluate the labour and birth outcomes in women who had and had not undertaken assisted conception and how the use of labour pain relief affected their outcomes Methods Women who had and had not undertaken assisted conception were studied, and the effects of labour pain relief on labour and birth outcomes evaluated. Findings The results showed that women who had undertaken assisted conception were more likely to have had epidural analgesia during labour. However, after adjusting for country of birth, body mass index (BMI), maternal age, model of care during pregnancy and gestational hypertension, this difference was not statistically significant. Regression analysis showed no differences between the groups in use of oxytocin, mode of birth, episiotomy or tear, postpartum blood loss, Apgar score at 5 minutes and neonatal complications at birth (P>0.05). Conclusions These findings demonstrate the factors leading to poor outcomes in women who undertake assisted conception, and will help to reduce obstetric complications in this population.
Where are the consultant midwives?
Authors: Wilson Caitlin , Hall Lyndall , Chilvers Rupa 
Published: April 2018

Background Nearly two decades after the introduction of the consultant midwife post in the UK, little is understood about where they are and the roles they fulfil within their organisations. Aim A study was undertaken to determine the overall number of consultant midwives, explore the range of clinical specialities and map their location and coverage across the UK, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. Methods A survey and intelligence gathering exercise took place with an online survey being sent to key networks including Heads of Midwifery and consultant midwives in 2016/17. Findings A total of 84 consultant midwives were identified as being employed by around one third of the NHS Trusts and Health Boards. A number of issues were highlighted, including potential retirements and the gradual incorporation of managerial roles in the job description of consultant midwives. Conclusion Given the national imperatives for high quality maternity care, there needs to be a focus on succession planning and growth of the role of consultant midwives across all organisations.
A practical ‘safe zone’ technique for lag screw fixation of the fibula
Authors: Kaye AR , Marlow W , Williams G , Molloy AP , Mason LW 
Published: April 2018

Introduction During ankle fracture fixation, iatrogenic trauma to retro fibula structures can result in morbidity and reoperation. We describe a safe zone for lag screw insertion. Materials and methods This study was completed in three sections. We identified the average entry and exit points for the lag screw using 45 Weber B ankle fractures identified from our trauma database. We then analysed 26 sequentially presented ankle magnetic resonance images, concentrating on axial sections at 4, 8, 12 and 16 mm above the ankle joint. Finally, we used 63 sequentially performed magnetic resonance scans to confirm the safe zone from these consistent structures. Results The typical lag screw exit point was 14.2 mm above the ankle joint (95% confidence Interval 11.3–17.1 mm). A safe zone trajectory occurred between 31 and 45 degrees taken from the anterior aspect of the flat fibular surface at this level. The obvious palpable landmark to direct screw trajectory and avoid ‘at risk’ structures was found to be the medial edge of the Achilles tendon. Our final dataset confirmed in 63 scans, the medial aspect of the Achilles tendon to be a consistent safe zone with a minimum distance of at risk structures of 4 mm. Conclusion This simple method of directing the fibula lag screw towards the palpable medial edge of the Achilles tendon is practical, easy to teach and directs the screw on a safe trajectory away from the most commonly injured structures around the back of the fibula.
Diagramming in the margins of philosophy
Authors: Scanlon Claire 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This critical reflection emerges at a tangent from a concurrent creative practice-led research project into the diagram at the intersection of art praxis and post-continental philosophy. It was provoked by a realization that the diagrammatic was in operation at all levels of the project and core to its methodology as well as its content. The following is the consequence of a resistance to the assumed ‘transparency’ of the academic procedure of a literature review, wherein the process of reading is understood to be an instrumental form of information mining. It is a meta-inquiry into how drawing diagrams in the process of reading may open a new register for thought. The analysis takes an auto-ethnographic form, with my own experience of reading and autographic marking-up on paper-based texts – as forms of ‘drawing on text’ – offered as case-study for reflection.
Drawing and the street texts of Chapeltown
Authors: Barker Garry 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper is a meditation on a field text that explores the concept of the sentient street. The graffitied walls of Chapeltown, a multi-cultural area of Leeds, a Northern English city, talk to an artist embedded within its community and these street texts give rise to drawings that embody that experience. Chapeltown has been a home to various and shifting populations over the last 100 years and during this time its walls have often been a support for the words of street poets, especially those that have messages that go beyond the traditional graffiti tag. Walking through these streets as he draws, an artist meets people and talks to them and their stories become additional texts that can be used to provide narratives to support the development of post-situ drawings. The streets themselves have their own voice and it is this voice that gives the artist’s post-situ drawings their charge, a voice that gives poetic shape to the drawn image. This article seeks to follow these street texts and their affect. Nancy’s concept that a drawing does not become information, but a sense, is used as a guide and as a series of interjections as to the way textual information becomes embedded into the feeling tone of a drawing.
CERVICAL CANCER IN WOMEN WITH HPV
Authors: Melo Manuela Sobral Bentes de , Vasconcelos Géssica De Paula , Silva Paula Fernanda Pessôa e , Marinho Ana Olívia De Oliveira 
Published: April 2018

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a proven relation with cases of cervical cancer, with types 16 and 18 being at high oncogenic risk, thus being considered a predominant risk factor. This study aims to know the perception of women with HPV about their relationship with cervical cancer. A descriptive exploratory study of a qualitative nature was carried out in family health units located in the city of Brejo Santo. The sample consisted of 10 women with HPV diagnosed through pap smears, performed at family health units. For the data analysis, tables and themes were elaborated, followed by categories according to the women's statements. The data revealed that the most important risk factor was the precocity of sexual activity. As a response to the education and health activities, we verified that all were aware of the importance of the bi-annual follow-up to control the pathology. For the most part, the association of its contamination with the partner was revealed. Based not only on this study, we realized how essential it is to carry out sexual health education activities, aiming at the prevention of infections, or when not avoided, the appropriate treatment and control of complications. Keywords: Cervical cancer, HPV, Interrelation, Preventive aspects.
Measurement of pharyngeal segments in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos Marques , Moura Lucas Borin , Oliveira Ariane de Souza , Gabrielli Marisa Aparecida Cabrini , Pereira Filho Valfrido Antonio , Passeri Luis Augusto 
Published: April 2018

Objective: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) occurs by recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. It results in complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) reduction of airflow and has intimate relation with the upper airway anatomy. Cephalometric analysis has been used to quantify airway dimensions. The aim of this study is evaluate the correlation between the anteroposterior dimension of the upper airway and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed reviewing polysomnographic data (AHI) and anteroposterior cephalometric measurements of pharynx subregions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx. Results: The sample consisted of 30 patients. The mean body mass index was 29.60 kg/m2 and the average age was 46.8 years. Nine patients presented severe OSA, seven had moderate OSA , seven had mild OSA, and seven were healthy. The Pearson's correlation index between the anteroposterior dimension of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx and AHI was respectively -0.128 (p=0.517), -0.272 (p=0.162) and -0.129 (p=0.513). Conclusion: The correlation between anteroposterior linear dimension of the airway and OSA severity, assessed by AHI, was not positive. As an isolated parameter it did not correlate to the severity of the obstrucive sleep apnea syndrome and should be evaluated in conjunction with other factors. KeywordsUpper Airway; Obstructive sleep apnea; Cone beam CT.
Effect of different surface treatments on the ceramic veneer surface: morphological analysis
Authors: Archangelo Karen Cristina , Sato Tabata Prado , Penteado Marcela Moreira , Contreras Edwin Fernando Ruiz , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Corrêa Giovani de Oliveira 
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface clinical treatments on the roughness (Ra) of a lithium disilicate ceramic veneer. Material and Methods: Forty-eight lithium disilicate discs with ceramic veneer and glaze layer were manufactured and distributed into six groups (n=8) according to the surface treatment performed: G1, glaze layer (control group); G2, diamond bur 4138F; G3, diamond bur 4138F + 4138FF; G4, diamond bur 4138F + new glaze layer; G5, diamond bur 4138F + ceramic polishing kit; G6, diamond bur 4138F + rubber cup with diamond paste + felt with diamond paste. Surface Ra measurement (µm) was performed using a profilometer before and after surface treatments, and one specimen from each group was subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after treatment. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%) were used for data analysis. Results: Group 2 (3,00 ± 0,61)b showed higher values of Ra, followed by Group 3 (1,93 ± 0,45)c, Group 6 (1,56 ± 0,22)ac, Group 5 (1,14 ± 0,68)a and Group 4 (0,90 ± 0,26)a. G4, G5 and G6 were not different between each other and control group (1,11 ± 0,21)a. SEM imaging revealed surface smoothness in G1, G4 and G5, and presence of irregularities in G2, G3 and G6. Conclusion: it is possible to conclude that different surface clinical treatments influences the roughness of a lithium disilicate ceramic veneer. Keywords: Ceramics; Dental porcelain; Dental polishing.
Upregulation of GABAACurrent by Astrocytes in Cultured Embryonic Rat Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Liu Qi-Ying , Schaffner Anne E. , Li Yong-Xin , Dunlap Veronica , Barker Jeffery L. 
Published: April 2018

Embryonic rat hippocampal neurons were cultured on poly-d-lysine (PDL) or a monolayer of postnatal cortical astrocytes to reveal putative changes in neuronal physiology that involve astrocyte-derived signals during the first 4 d of culture. GABA-induced Cl−current (IGABA) was quantified using outside-out and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings beginning at 30 min, when cells had become adherent. The amplitude and density (current normalized to membrane capacitance) of IGABAin neurons grown on astrocytes became statistically greater than that recorded in neurons grown on PDL after 2 hr in culture (HIC). Although the current density remained unchanged in neurons on astrocytes, that in neurons on PDL decreased and became statistically lower beginning after 2 HIC. The differences in amplitude and density of IGABAin the two groups of neurons were maintained during the 4 d experiment. The upregulation effect of astrocytes on neuronal IGABArequired intimate contact between the neuronal cell body and underlying astrocytes. Suppression of spontaneous Cac2+elevations in astrocytes by bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid that was loaded intracellularly decreased their modulatory effects on IGABA. IGABAin all cells was blocked completely by bicuculline and exhibited virtually identical affinity constants, Hill coefficients, and potentiation by diazepam in the two groups. Outside-out patch recordings revealed identical unitary properties of IGABAin the two groups. More channels per unit of membrane area could explain the astrocyte enhancement of IGABA. The results reveal that cortical astrocytes potentiate IGABAin hippocampal neurons in a contact-dependent manner via a mechanism involving astrocyte Cac2+elevation.