bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound in the Re-Staging of Cervical Metastases after Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Künzel Julian , Strieth Sebastian , Wirth Gesine , Bozzato Alessandro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh-resolution ultrasonography, including color duplex modes, is a well-established and proven imaging method that is used in addition to computed tomography for re-staging after primary nonsurgical therapy for head and neck cancer in many European countries. No evidence-based international re-staging guidelines are available. Decisions as to whether to carry out neck dissection after primary radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy are often made in the relevant tumor boards and are therefore subject to variance. High-resolution ultrasonography clearly detects morphological changes such as intranodal necrotic areas and alterations in the hilar vascularization pattern. Another important aspect of ultrasonography is that it allows accurate check-ups on dynamic changes during the follow-up period. This article reviews the role of ultrasonography in the follow-up and re-staging of patients with neck disease after primary chemoradiotherapy.
Sexuelle Phantasien statt echter Bindung?
Authors: Link Tobias 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungIm achten Teil unserer Serie geht es um einen Patienten, der sich minderwertig und ausgeschlossen fühlt. Die Versuche, Bindung herzustellen, indem er über seine
Suizidideen und sexuellen Phantasien spricht, misslingen und vergrößern die Entfernung zum Team. Lesen Sie, wie das Pflegeteam es schafft, mithilfe der
systemischen Fallbesprechung neue Perspektiven zu entwickeln, um dem Patienten zu helfen. Auch hier möchten wir Sie wieder einladen, sich selbst in die
verschiedenen Rollen hineinzuversetzen. Fallen Ihnen weitere Lösungswege ein? Dann schreiben Sie uns an psych.pflegeheute@thieme.de.
In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of Four Different Ventral Surgical Procedures on the Canine Fourth-Fifth Cervical Vertebral Motion Unit
Authors: Voumard Benjamin , Waschk Maja , Hettlich Bianca , Forterre Franck , Hermann Andreas 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Biomechanical properties of four different ventral surgical procedures at the canine fourth-fifth cervical (C4–C5) vertebral motion unit (VMU) were assessed and compared with the intact C4–C5 VMU.
Materials and Methods The third-sixth cervical vertebral column from 24 skeletally mature Beagle cadavers were randomly allocated to four groups (standard ventral slot, slanted slot, inverted cone slot and intervertebral disc fenestration). Standardized tests were performed for each specimen in flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. The specimens were tested intact and after completion of one of the three slots techniques or fenestration. Pre-testing, cadaver specimens were confirmed to be free of disease by computed tomography (CT) examination. Post-testing, dimensions of slots and fenestration were determined based on a second CT examination.
Results All ventral surgical procedures increased range of motion (ROM) at the C4–C5 VMU compared with intact specimens. The only significant difference in the increase in ROM was observed between slanted slot and fenestration in flexion/extension. The standard ventral slot had a significant higher increase in ROM in extension compared with the other three techniques. The slanted slot had a significant lower increase in ROM in flexion.
Discussion/Conclusion The described ventral slot techniques have similar biomechanical effects on the canine cervical vertebral column. In contrast to the findings of a previous study, the slanted slot and inverted cone slot do not appear to provide a biomechanical benefit compared with standard ventral slot.
Relapse Rate in Survivors of Acute Autoimmune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Treated with or without Rituximab
Authors: Falter Tanja , Herold Stephanie , Weyer-Elberich Veronika , Scheiner Carina , Schmitt Veronique , von Auer Charis , Messmer Xavier , Wild Philipp , Lackner Karl , Lämmle Bernhard , Scharrer Inge 
Published: September 2018

Background Autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is caused by autoantibody-mediated severe a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, member 13 (ADAMTS13) deficiency leading to micro-angiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) and thrombocytopenia with organ damage. Patients survive with plasma exchange (PEX), fresh frozen plasma replacement and corticosteroid treatment. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab is increasingly used in patients resistant to conventional PEX or relapsing after an acute bout.
Objective This retrospective observational study focused on the relapse rate and possible influencing factors including treatment with rituximab first introduced in 2003.
Patients and Methods Seventy patients treated between January 2003 and November 2014 were evaluated. Number, duration, clinical manifestations, laboratory data and treatment of acute episodes were documented. Diagnostic criteria of acute iTTP were thrombocytopenia, MAHA, increased lactate dehydrogenase and severe ADAMTS13 deficiency.
Results Fifty-four female and 16 male patients had a total of 224 acute episodes over a median observation period of 8.3 years. The relapse rate was 2.6% per month, for women 2.4% and for men 3.5% per month. Since 2003, 17 patients with a first iTTP episode were treated with rituximab, whereas 28 were not. There was a trend towards lower relapse rates after rituximab treatment over the ensuing years. However, this was statistically not significant.
Conclusion This analysis does not show a significant reduction of acute iTTP relapses by rituximab given during an acute bout. Initial episodes are characterized by more severe clinical signs compared with the less severe relapses. Furthermore, men suffer significantly more frequent and considerably more serious acute relapses.
Early Retinal Findings Following Cooling in Neonatal Encephalopathy
Authors: Sahin Ozlem , Cansever Murat , Sirakaya Ender , Robertson Nicola , Akin Mustafa Ali 
Published: September 2018

Background and Aim Perinatal HI (hypoxia–ischemia)-related visual defects including blindness are known to be associated with ischemic lesions in intracerebral visual pathways and ischemic retinal damage (IRD). Intraocular hemorrhages (IOH) such as retinal hemorrhage (RH), which may result from perinatal HI, can cause IRD by various mechanisms. We aimed to evaluate the early retinal findings in neonates with moderate-to-severe neonatal encephalopathy (NE) who underwent TH and its relationship between coagulation status, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) patterns, and magnetic resonance imaging–magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRI–MRS) findings.
Method and Patients A total of 31 newborn infants who underwent moderate-to-severe NE and TH included in the study. Coagulation parameters were taken immediately before starting TH, and daily during TH period. aEEG records were obtained during TH and rewarming period.Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopic examination (BIOE) and MRI–MRS scanning were performed when TH protocol completed.
Results Total 13 (41.9%) patients had abnormal BIOE findings. Ten of them were (77%) IOH, other findings are as follows: RH (n = 7), optic disc hemorrhage (n = 2), and vitreous hemorrhage (n = 1). Initial coagulation status was not related to IOH. Worsened aEEG and MRI–MRS results were not related to BIOE findings.
Conclusion Frequency of IOH is high in newborns with NE who underwent TH being independent from severity of MRS–MRI findings, aEEG pattern, and disturbed coagulation status.
Macrophagic Stabilin-1 Restored Disruption of Vascular Integrity Caused by Sepsis
Authors: Lee Wonhwa , Park Seung-Yoon , Yoo Youngbum , Kim Soon-Young , Kim Jung-Eun , Kim Shin-Woo , Seo Young-Kyo , Park Eui , Kim In-San , Bae Jong-Sup 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSepsis develops because of overwhelming inflammatory responses to bacterial infection, and disrupts vascular integrity. Stabilin-1 (STAB-1) is a phagocytic receptor, which mediates efferocytosis in a phosphatidylserine (PS)-dependent manner. STAB-1 is expected to play important roles in efferocytosis during sepsis. Here, we determined the role of STAB-1 in maintaining and restoring vascular integrity. Macrophages and vascular endothelial cells were used to assess the effect of STAB-1 on survival rate, phagocytic activity, vascular permeability and transendothelial migration (TEM). Additionally, we investigated whether the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-receptor for advanced glycated end products complex interfered with the binding of Stab1 to PS. Mortality rate was higher in the Stab1-knockout mice than in the wild-type mice, and STAB-1 deficiency was related to reduced macrophage-mediated efferocytosis and the disruption of vascular integrity, which increased vascular permeability, and enhanced TEM. STAB-1 deficiency promoted lung injury, and elevated the expression of sepsis markers. The exogenous application of the anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody improved efferocytosis, vascular integrity and survival rate in sepsis. Collectively, our findings indicated that STAB-1 regulated and maintained vascular integrity through the clearance of infected apoptotic endothelial cells. Moreover, our results suggested that interventions targeting vascular integrity by STAB-1 signalling are promising therapeutic approaches to sepsis.
Platelet Reactivity and Early Outcomes after Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Gross Lisa , Jochheim David , Nitschke Tobias , Baquet Moritz , Orban Martin , Holdt Lesca , Zadrozny Magda , Hagl Christian , Teupser Daniel , Bauer Axel , Massberg Steffen , Mehilli Julinda , Sibbing Dirk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBeyond thromboembolic events, peri-procedural bleeding remains one of the most frequent complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The majority of TAVI patients receive a dual anti-platelet treatment (DAPT) regimen. This analysis from the EVERY-TAVI register database aimed to analyse whether the level of on-treatment adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet reactivity predicts early outcomes at 30 days after TAVI. A total of 146 consecutive TAVI patients on DAPT who underwent platelet function testing with the Multiplate analyser were included here. Definition of bleeding events was done according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2) classification. In our cohort, a status of low platelet reactivity (LPR, ≤ 18 units) was observed in 79 patients (54%), while high platelet reactivity (HPR, ≥ 46 units) was present in 18 patients (12%). At 30-day follow-up, the incidence of VARC-2 bleeds was 45.6% (n = 36) in LPR patients and 23.9% (n = 16) in patients without LPR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–3.79; p = 0.01). In age-adjusted multivariate analysis, a status of LPR was independently associated with VARC-2 bleeding events (HRadj, 2.06, 95% CI, 1.14–3.71; p = 0.02). HPR was not associated with the 30-day risk of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction (p ≥ 0.43). In summary, presence of LPR was associated with bleeding events in patients undergoing TAVI while presence of HPR was not associated with ischaemic outcomes at 30 days. The value of platelet function testing for bleeding risk prediction and for a possible guidance of anti-thrombotic treatment in the elderly TAVI population warrants further investigation.
The Russian Orthodox Church, the Kremlin, and religious (il)liberalism in Russia
Authors: Lamoreaux Jeremy W. , Flake Lincoln 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe apparent 'symphonia' of church-state cooperation in Russia is a matter of debate and concern in the West. By some accounts the war in Ukraine kicked that collusion into another gear entirely, with the Russian Orthodox Church now a fully assimilated part of the Kremlin’s domestic and foreign policy machine. We argue that, though such claims may prove hyperbolic, the rise in political authoritarianism in Russia and its neighbourhood is being matched by significant restrictions in Russia’s religious playfield, and that both the Kremlin and the Russian Orthodox Church benefit from the policies and practices of the other. Consequently, now is not a good time to be a member of a non-traditional church or of a so-called foreign sect in Russia. More disconcerting, a continuation of these trends may portend further crackdowns not just on religious freedoms, but across the spectrum of civil liberties in Russia.
Out of the Shadows: An Appreciation of Sir Elihu Lauterpacht’s Contribution to the Doctrine of International Law
Authors: Scobbie Iain 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Sir Elihu Lauterpacht’s contribution to the doctrine of international law was wide—ranging and incisive, but has been overshadowed by his achievements as a consummate practitioner. This essay attempts to redress the balance by focusing on two areas of his published work—the law of international organisations, and international arbitral and judicial proceedings—which contain ideas and analytical approaches worthy of (re)consideration. These two themes are closely inter–linked in his work through a focus on the significance of the international judicial process in the development of the law of international organisations, and by the recognition that international tribunals are themselves international organisations.
Divine Words, Female Voices
Authors: Lamptey Jerusha Tanner 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Interreligious feminist engagement is a legitimate and vital resource for Muslim women scholars seeking to articulate egalitarian interpretations of Islamic traditions and practices. Acknowledging very real challenges within interreligious feminist engagement, Divine Words, Female Voices: Muslima Explorations in Comparative Feminist Theology uses the method of comparative feminist theology to skillfully navigate these challenges, avoid impositions of absolute similarity, and propose new, constructive insights in Muslima theology. Divine Words, Female Voices reorients the comparative theological conversation around the two “Divine Words,” around the Qur’an and Jesus Christ, rather than Prophet Muhammad and Jesus Christ, or the Qur’an and the Bible. Building on this analogical foundation, it engages diverse Muslim and Christian feminist, womanist, and mujerista voices on a variety of central theological themes. Divine Words, Female Voices explores intersections, discontinuities, and resultant insights that arise in relation to divine revelation; textual hermeneutics of the hadith and Bible; Prophet Muhammad and Mary as feminist exemplars; theological anthropology and freedom; and ritual prayer, tradition, and change.
Enacting Equality
Authors: Lamptey Jerusha Tanner 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This final chapter contextualizes woman-led prayer within broader discussions of authority, tradition, and change. It first analyzes Islamic feminist discourse on woman-led prayer, female leadership, and androcentric ritual norms, emphasizing theological and social assumptions. It then engages with Christian feminist approaches from Delores S. Williams, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Rosemary Radford Ruether, and Traci C. West that grapple with notions of community, male imagery of God, tradition, and ritual. The chapter concludes with Muslima theology and argues for the necessity of embodied egalitarian ritual, a dynamic view of tradition, and reassertion of the transformative space between ideal and real community (umma).
Implicit Jury Bias
Authors: Roberts Anna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to consider whether educational methods are—or could be—an effective way of tackling the implicit jury biases that threaten the fairness of trials. First, the chapter introduces the key ingredients of implicit bias, focusing particularly on their consequences for juries. It then reviews the efforts that have been made to use educational interventions to address implicit jury bias, as well as others that have been proposed. These existing and proposed interventions include jury orientation, jury instructions, expert testimony, individuation, and race salience. The chapter concludes by reviewing some of the primary obstacles to these kinds of efforts.
Spoken Language and Language Impairment in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children
Authors: Sahlén Birgitta , Hansson Kristina , Lyberg-Åhlander Viveka , Brännström Jonas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Despite medical, technical, and pedagogical advances, the risk for language impairment is still much higher in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children than in hearing peers. Research on linguistic, cognitive, and communicative development in DHH children has found a range of basic spoken language deficits. Twenty percent to 50% of deaf children still meet criteria for language impairment. Tests of nonword repetition and verb inflection are markers that improve early identification of children at risk for persistent language problems. DHH children are typically mainstreamed today, and poor listening conditions in the classroom severely jeopardize learning in children with weak perceptual and cognitive skills. In this chapter we report on our own and others’ studies exploring the interaction of factors, both external and internal to the child, that influence spoken language and communication. The focus is on intervention projects aiming to improve language learning environments through teacher education.
Reading Development in Deaf Children
Authors: Kyle Fiona E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Reading is a complex and multifaceted skill, the development of which is the cornerstone of education. Many deaf children show delays in reading achievement compared to their hearing peers. Despite recent advances in technology that might be expected to support deaf children’s literacy development, overall reading levels do not appear to have made commensurate improvement. This chapter explores this issue by examining studies that try to account for the huge individual differences observed in deaf children and adolescents’ reading skills. The roles of vocabulary and phonological skills in reading ability are discussed with reference to theoretical models of reading development. Implications for teachers and practitioners are explored.
The Human Peacock
Authors: Hogh-Olesen Henrik 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Chapter 5 focuses on the human need for embellishment and artistic expression through song, dance, and music. Why do we do these things? Is it due to sexually selected behavioral traits, whereby those who stand out and flaunt their special qualities are selected as partners and thus further their genetic heritage because the artistic energy they exhibit is reliable evidence of fitness, which lets the world know that these are good, strong genes exactly like the peacock’s tail? Or is it, rather, that we must understand these exertions through their collective value as social markers that unite us and inform the world that we are dealing with a close-knit group united by a shared mind-set? None of these functions need be mutually exclusive.
“When We Were Just Giving Stuff Away Willy-Nilly”
Authors: Stanley Liam 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to contextualize the British population’s willingness to pay tax within the political and social upheaval of recent decades. These social and institutional changes—often characterized, rightly or wrongly, as neoliberal—have led to a shared sense that British taxpayers are getting less bang for their buck. So although tax compliance is relatively high due to the organization of revenue collection, tax morale is declining. The chapter seeks to historicize this declining tax morale by highlighting how there is—on the one hand—an increasing gap between prudent normative expectations about how tax and spending ought to be organized, and—on the other hand—the actual lived experiences of engaging with the uses and abuses of “taxpayers’ money.”
Unbounded Linear Operators
Authors: Edmunds D. E. , Evans W. D. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with closable and closed operators in Hilbert spaces, especially with the special classes of symmetric, J-symmetric, accretive and sectorial operators. The Stone–von Neumann theory of extensions of symmetric operators is treated as a special case of results for compatible adjoint pairs of closed operators. Also discussed in detail is the stability of closedness and self-adjointness under perturbations. The abstract results are applied to operators defined by second-order differential expressions, and Sims’ generalization of the Weyl limit-point, limit-circle characterization for symmetric expressions to J-symmetric expressions is proved.
Global and Asymptotic Estimates for the Eigenvalues of −Δ + q when q Is Real
Authors: Edmunds D. E. , Evans W. D. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the study of the Schrödinger operator −Δ + q with q real, and, in particular, the distribution of its eigenvalues. A general result is established on an open subset Ω of Rn using the Max–Min Principle and covering families of congruent cubes for the Dirichlet problem and a Whitney covering for the Neumann problem. The Cwikel–Lieb–Rosenbljum inequality is proved for q in Ln/2(Rn).
Practical Application
Authors: Mačák Kubo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter analyses whether and in which situations fighters engaged in internationalized armed conflicts may qualify for combatant status in practice. The chapter puts forward a three-pronged approach dependent on the applicable legal framework and the nature of the armed forces of the conflict party in question. Firstly, the relevant criteria are the most lenient for members of regular armed forces in internationalized conflicts governed only by Geneva Convention III. Secondly, members of irregular armed forces in those same conflicts must meet additional criteria stipulated by that Convention. Thirdly, fighters in conflicts to which Additional Protocol I applies as well must comply with its requirements, some of which may be more onerous than the corresponding criteria of Geneva Convention III. Overall, the chapter demonstrates that it is not only theoretically plausible, but also practically feasible for fighters engaged in internationalized armed conflicts to actually qualify for combatant status.
Historical Development
Authors: Mačák Kubo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of the law of belligerent occupation in order to identify trends relevant to the regulation of internationalized armed conflicts. It observes that despite the general grounding of this body of law in a state-centric paradigm, several isolated developments have contemplated the possibility of non-state actors becoming belligerent occupants of a portion of state territory. Moreover, the chapter highlights that the law of belligerent occupation has undergone a fundamental transformation as part of a general trend of individualization and humanization of international law. Therefore, it is no longer simply a brake on inter-state relations and a protector of states’ interests and institutions. Instead, the law has gradually brought individuals’ interests to the fore, putting persons before institutions and individuals before states. Overall, the chapter uncovers the historical reasons that support an extensive view of the applicability of the law of occupation to modern internationalized armed conflicts.