bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary Proteomics and Precision Medicine for Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Persson Frederik , Rossing Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrecision medicine is since long an ongoing refinement of classical medicine, integrating improved and more detailed pathophysiological understanding with rapid technological advances. In the heterogenous area of chronic kidney disease there seems to be a high potential for the improvement in treatment and prognosis for several causes, with new technologies under development, that are yet to be introduced in clinical practice. As in other medical disciplines, investigation of abundant peptide patterns (proteomics) has gained recent interest. Especially relevant for kidney disease, urinary proteomics may provide both improved diagnosis and, as reviewed here, also holds promise for personalized treatment in the future. So far, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) is the most widely applied technique, and in addition to several cross‐sectional and cohort studies, there is even an ongoing randomized controlled trial that will soon report on the concept used as a method of personalizing treatment. In addition, there is hope that urinary proteomics can turn into a “liquid biopsy,” replacing the invasive diagnostic procedure. The next couple of years will provide more answers on the topic.
Evaluation of a CL‐20/TATB Energetic Co‐crystal
Authors: Chapman Clinton J. , Groven Lori J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExploration of novel energetic‐energetic co‐crystals has greatly increased in recent years as the need for energetic materials with improved detonation performance and reduced sensitivity continues to grow. In 2015 a CL‐20/TATB co‐crystal was reported and touted sensitivity and detonation properties that would make it a potential replacement for the industry standard HMX. The confirmation, reproducibility, and characterization of energetic materials are still a widely debated topic especially when the material of interest has exceptional properties. In this work, CL‐20/TATB co‐crystals are attempted via solvent‐nonsolvent (S/NS) cocrystallization to assess the formation of a true co‐crystal. The prepared crystals were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder x‐ray diffraction (PXRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This work reproduced S/NS cocrystallization similar to that reported in 2015, provides a solubility and thermodynamic explanation behind CL‐20/TATB cocrystallization, and assesses the future viability of CL‐20/TATB crystals.
Do farmers misuse pesticides in crop production in China? Evidence from a farm household survey
Authors: Sun Shengyang , Hu Ruifa , Zhang Chao , Shi Guanming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn China, pesticide overuse and underuse have been studied. However, little empirical evidence has been provided for pesticide misuse.RESULTSUsing data from a farm household survey in 2016, we quantitatively analyzed Chinese farmers' pesticide misuse in the production of rice, apple, tea, and greenhouse vegetables. The results show that pesticide misuse is common in China. However, the misuse is found to be lower in rice production than in the production of apple, tea, and greenhouse vegetables. Compared with that of the major pests, pesticide misuse is much more common for the control of the secondary pests. In a considerable number of observations, some farmers even failed to indicate the pests they controlled or the pesticides they used.CONCLUSIONSPesticide misuse may result in both the overuse and underuse of pesticides. In China, pesticide misuse could be attributed to the lack of pest management knowledge among farmers, limited accessibility to a high‐quality governmental agricultural extension service, misleading information, and absence of pest prediction and forecast. Hence, a socialized agricultural extension system and new agricultural extension models adapted to different farmers are expected to be developed and implemented in China. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Citronella oil‐loaded electrospun micro/nanofibrous matrices as sustained repellency systems for the Asian tiger mosquitoAedes albopictus
Authors: Iliou Konstantina , Kikionis Stefanos , Petrakis Panos V , Ioannou Efstathia , Roussis Vassilios 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMosquitoes are hematophagous insects of major public health concern, serving as vectors of many diseases. Available products for personal protection against mosquitoes lack adequate efficacy and in most cases need to be reapplied or replaced frequently. In recent years, the encapsulation of the active repellents in various matrices has arisen as an alternative method for the development of new‐generation repellent systems. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of functional micro/nanofibrous matrices as systems for the sustained release of the highly volatile insect‐repellent citronella oil.RESULTSMicro/nanofibrous single‐ and triple‐layer systems incorporating citronella oil as the active agent were developed via the electrospinning technique using the low‐cost, non‐toxic, biodegradable polymers cellulose acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone. All the micro/nanofiber systems produced exhibited prolonged release of citronella oil and a high repellent activity in laboratory bioassays against the mosquitoAedes albopictusfor at least 4 weeks.CONCLUSIONConsidering the high volatility of the embedded repellent, the present study demonstrates the strong potential of the micro/nanofibrous matrices to act as carriers of highly volatile repellents for an effective and sustained protection from mosquitoes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Morinda citrifolia noni water extract enhances innate and adaptive immune responses in healthy mice, ex vivo, and in vitro
Authors: Hong Yo Han , Yi Young‐Su , Han Sang Yun , Aziz Nur , Kim Han Gyung , Park Sang Hee , Hossain Mohammad Amjad , Baik Kwang Soo , Choi Su Young , Lee Jongsung , Kim Jong‐Hoon , Cho Jae Youl 
Published: January 2019

Although Morinda citrifolia (noni) has long been used in traditional medicines for human diseases, its molecular and cellular mechanism of immunostimulatory ability to improve human health under normal healthy conditions is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory activity of M. citrifolia fruit water extract treated with enzymes (Mc‐eWE). In vitro studies revealed that Mc‐eWE stimulated the cells by inducing nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ). The immunostimulatory activity was mediated by activation of NF‐κB and AP‐1. Ex vivo studies showed that Mc‐eWE stimulated splenocytes isolated from mice by inducing NO production and expression of immunostimulatory cytokines and by downregulating the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL‐10 without cytotoxicity. In vivo demonstrated that Mc‐eWE induced immunostimulation by modulating populations of splenic immune cells, especially by increasing the population of IFN‐γ+ NK cells. Mc‐eWE enhanced the expression of inflammatory genes and immunostimulatory cytokines and inhibited the expression of IL‐10 in the mouse splenocytes and sera. Taken together, these results suggest that Mc‐eWE plays an immunostimulatory role by activating innate and adaptive immune responses.
Obtusifolin isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia regulates the gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin in airway epithelial cells via affecting NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Choi Byung‐Soo , Kim Yu‐jin , Choi Jae Sue , Lee Hyun Jae , Lee Choong Jae 
Published: January 2019

We investigated whether obtusin, obtusifolin, and cassiaside isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia inhibit the gene expression and production of airway mucin 5AC (MUC5AC). Confluent NCI‐H292 cells were pretreated with obtusin, obtusifolin, or cassiaside for 30 min and then stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF), phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), or tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) for 24 hr. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression was measured by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Production of MUC5AC mucin protein was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. To elucidate the action mechanism of obtusifolin, effect of obtusifolin on PMA‐induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway was investigated by western blot analysis. Obtusin, obtusifolin, or cassiaside inhibited the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene and the production of MUC5AC mucin protein, induced by EGF, PMA, or TNF‐α. Obtusifolin inhibited PMA‐induced activation (phosphorylation) of inhibitory kappa B kinase, and thus phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa B alpha. Obtusifolin inhibited PMA‐induced nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65. These results suggest that obtusifolin can regulate the production and gene expression of mucin by acting on airway epithelial cells through regulation of NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Valerian extract alters functional brain connectivity: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Roh Daeyoung , Jung Jae Hoon , Yoon Kyung Hee , Lee Chang Hyun , Kang Lee Young , Lee Sang‐Kyu , Shin Kitack , Kim Do Hoon 
Published: January 2019

Valerian root is the most commonly used herbal supplement for sedation and anxiolysis, but it is unknown whether it may affect functional brain connectivity. Our goal was to use electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate whether valerian root extract (VRE) affects resting‐state connectivity changes and whether such changes are associated with clinical symptoms. This 4‐week, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted with 64 nonclinical volunteers suffering psychological stress. The participants received VRE (100 mg) or a placebo thrice daily. We examined VRE's therapeutic effects on anxiety and stress‐related psychological constructs. Functional brain connectivity changes were measured as EEG coherence in the alpha and theta frequency bands. The VRE and placebo groups both exhibited significant postintervention improvements on all clinical scales, but no significant between‐group differences in these changes were noted. Compared with the placebo group, the VRE group exhibited significantly greater increases in frontal brain region alpha coherence across four electrode pairs, and these changes were significantly correlated with anxiolysis. The VRE group also exhibited significantly greater decreases in theta coherence across another four electrodes pairs. Our findings indicate that VRE alters functional brain connectivity in relation to anxiety. Further EEG studies are needed to confirm VRE's neurophysiological effects.
Chemical Design of Palladium‐Based Nanoarchitectures for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Kim Jeonghun , Yuliarto Brian , Kang Yong‐Mook , Bando Yoshio , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPalladium (Pd) plays an important role in numerous catalytic reactions, such as methanol and ethanol oxidation, oxygen reduction, hydrogenation, coupling reactions, and carbon monoxide oxidation. Creating Pd‐based nanoarchitectures with increased active surface sites, higher density of low‐coordinated atoms, and maximized surface coverage for the reactants is important. To address the limitations of pure Pd, various Pd‐based nanoarchitectures, including alloys, intermetallics, and supported Pd nanomaterials, have been fabricated by combining Pd with other elements with similar or higher catalytic activity for many catalytic reactions. Herein, recent advances in the preparation of Pd‐based nanoarchitectures through solution‐phase chemical reduction and electrochemical deposition methods are summarized. Finally, the trend and future outlook in the development of Pd nanocatalysts toward practical catalytic applications are discussed.
Heterotic-string amplitudes at one loop: modular graph forms and relations to open strings
Authors: Gerken Jan E. , Kleinschmidt Axel , Schlotterer Oliver 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe investigate one-loop four-point scattering of non-abelian gauge bosons in heterotic string theory and identify new connections with the corresponding open-string amplitude. In the low-energy expansion of the heterotic-string amplitude, the integrals over torus punctures are systematically evaluated in terms of modular graph forms, certain non-holomorphic modular forms. For a specific torus integral, the modular graph forms in the low-energy expansion are related to the elliptic multiple zeta values from the analogous open-string integrations over cylinder boundaries. The detailed correspondence between these modular graph forms and elliptic multiple zeta values supports a recent proposal for an elliptic generalization of the single-valued map at genus zero.
Vascular dysfunction—The disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sweeney Melanie D. , Montagne Axel , Sagare Abhay P. , Nation Daniel A. , Schneider Lon S. , Chui Helena C. , Harrington Michael G. , Pa Judy , Law Meng , Wang Danny J. J. , Jacobs Russell E. , Doubal Fergus N. , Ramirez Joel , Black Sandra E. , Nedergaard Maiken , Benveniste Helene , Dichgans Martin , Iadecola Costantino , Love Seth , Bath Philip M. , Markus Hugh S. , Al‐Shahi Salman Rustam , Allan Stuart M. , Quinn Terence J. , Kalaria Rajesh N. , Werring David J. , Carare Roxana O. , Touyz Rhian M. , Williams Steve C. R. , Moskowitz Michael A. , Katusic Zvonimir S. , Lutz Sarah E. , Lazarov Orly , Minshall Richard D. , Rehman Jalees , Davis Thomas P. , Wellington Cheryl L. , González Hector M. , Yuan Chun , Lockhart Samuel N. , Hughes Timothy M. , Chen Christopher L. H. , Sachdev Perminder , O'Brien John T. , Skoog Ingmar , Pantoni Leonardo , Gustafson Deborah R. , Biessels Geert Jan , Wallin Anders , Smith Eric E. , Mok Vincent , Wong Adrian , Passmore Peter , Barkof Frederick , Muller Majon , Breteler Monique M. B. , Román Gustavo C. , Hamel Edith , Seshadri Sudha , Gottesman Rebecca F. , van Buchem Mark A. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Schneider Julie A. , Drewes Lester R. , Hachinski Vladimir , Finch Caleb E. , Toga Arthur W. , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Zlokovic Berislav V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIncreasing evidence recognizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease with multiple contributors to its pathophysiology, including vascular dysfunction. The recently updated AD Research Framework put forth by the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association describes a biomarker‐based pathologic definition of AD focused on amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury. In response to this article, here we first discussed evidence that vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Next, we examined various imaging sequences that could be easily implemented to evaluate different types of vascular dysfunction associated with, and/or contributing to, AD pathophysiology, including changes in blood‐brain barrier integrity and cerebral blood flow. Vascular imaging biomarkers of small vessel disease of the brain, which is responsible for >50% of dementia worldwide, including AD, are already established, well characterized, and easy to recognize. We suggest that these vascular biomarkers should be incorporated into the AD Research Framework to gain a better understanding of AD pathophysiology and aid in treatment efforts.
Aristotle'sPhysicsII 1 and Cultivated Plants
Authors: Katayama Errol G. 
Published: January 2019

ArgumentThe aim of this paper is two-fold: to offer an interpretation that preserves the natural reading ofPhysicsII 1 – that Aristotle is drawing a stark distinction between what is natural and what is artificial; and to show how there is logical room for atertium quid– a category for things that are products of both nature and art. This aim is attained by highlighting two important qualifications Aristotle makes about the products of art in relation to an innate internal principle of change and pointing out that the proper understanding of the significance of the essential-accidental distinction that Aristotle draws must be viewed in the context where he identifies two kinds of nature – form and matter. Based on these analyses, the following three logical categories are shown to be consistent with the passage: 1) purely natural things; 2) essentially artificial objects; and 3) essentially natural things with artificial aspects.
Dietary and circulating vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and risk of total cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies
Authors: Jayedi Ahmad , Rashidy-Pour Ali , Parohan Mohammad , Zargar Mahdieh Sadat , Shab-Bidar Sakineh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present review aimed to quantify the association of dietary intake and circulating concentration of major dietary antioxidants with risk of total CVD mortality.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingSystematic search in PubMed and Scopus, up to October 2017.ParticipantsProspective observational studies reporting risk estimates of CVD mortality across three or more categories of dietary intakes and/or circulating concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.ResultsA total of fifteen prospective cohort studies and three prospective evaluations within interventional studies (320 548 participants and 16 974 cases) were analysed. The relative risks of CVD mortality for the highestv. the lowest category of antioxidant intakes were as follows: vitamin C, 0·79 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·89;I2=46 %,n10); vitamin E, 0·91 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·03;I2=51 %,n8); β-carotene, 0·89 (95 % CI 0·73, 1·05;I2=34 %,n4). The relative risks for circulating concentrations were: vitamin C, 0·60 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·78;I2=65 %,n6); α-tocopherol, 0·82 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·88;I2=0 %,n5); β-carotene, 0·68 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·83;I2=50 %,n6). Dose–response meta-analyses demonstrated that the circulating biomarkers of antioxidants were more strongly associated with risk of CVD mortality than dietary intakes.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis demonstrates that higher vitamin C intake and higher circulating concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene are associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality.
An Externally Forced Decadal Rainfall Seesaw Pattern Over the Sahel and Southeast Amazon
Authors: Hua Wenjian , Dai Aiguo , Zhou Liming , Qin Minhua , Chen Haishan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBy analyzing observations and model simulations, here we show that there exists a significant anticorrelation on interannual to multidecadal time scales between the Sahel and southeast Amazon rainfall during July‐August‐September. This rainfall seesaw, which is strongest on decadal to multidecadal scales, is due to an anomalous meridional gradient of sea surface temperatures across the tropical Atlantic that pushes the Intertropical Convergence Zone and its associated rain belt toward the anomalously warm hemisphere. Large ensemble model simulations suggest that the seesaw pattern is likely caused by decadal changes in anthropogenic and volcanic aerosols, rather than internal climate variability. Our results suggest that the recent decadal to multidecadal climate variations in and around the North Atlantic basin are largely externally forced and that projected large North Atlantic warming could lead to a wetter Sahel but drier Amazon in the future.
Global Empirical Picture of Magnetospheric Substorms Inferred From Multimission Magnetometer Data
Authors: Stephens G. K. , Sitnov M. I. , Korth H. , Tsyganenko N. A. , Ohtani S. , Gkioulidou M. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMagnetospheric substorms represent key explosive processes in the interaction of the Earth's magnetosphere with the solar wind, and their understanding and modeling are critical for space weather forecasting. During substorms, the magnetic field on the nightside is first stretched in the antisunward direction and then it rapidly contracts earthward bringing hot plasmas from the distant space regions into the inner magnetosphere, where they contribute to geomagnetic storms and Joule dissipation in the polar ionosphere, causing impressive splashes of aurora. Here we show for the first time that mining millions of spaceborne magnetometer data records from multiple missions allows one to reconstruct the global 3‐D picture of these stretching and dipolarization processes. Stretching results in the formation of a thin (less than the Earth's radius) and strong current sheet, which is diverted into the ionosphere during dipolarization. In the meantime, the dipolarization signal propagates further into the inner magnetosphere resulting in the accumulation of a longer lived current there, giving rise to a protogeomagnetic storm. The global 3‐D structure of the corresponding substorm currents including the substorm current wedge is reconstructed from data.
Downscaling Satellite Precipitation Estimates With Multiple Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Spline Interpolation Techniques
Authors: Sharifi E. , Saghafian B. , Steinacker R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSatellite precipitation estimates (SPEs) have been widely used in various applications. However, when applied to small basins and regions, the spatial resolution of SPEs is too coarse. In this study, we present three downscaling algorithms based upon the relationships between SPEs and cloud optical and microphysical properties in northeast Austria. Different downscaling techniques, namely, multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, and spline interpolation, were adopted for the downscaling of Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) precipitation data. In this respect, linear and nonlinear relationship among IMERG data and different cloud variables, such as cloud effective radius, cloud optical thickness, and cloud water path, was evaluated. Downscaled SPEs, as well as the original IMERG product, were subsequently validated using 54 rain gauges at a daily timescale. According to the results, all downscaled products were more accurate than the original IMERG data. Furthermore, all downscaling techniques captured the spatial patterns of precipitation reasonably well with more detailed information when compared with the original IMERG precipitation. However, the spline interpolation slightly outperformed the other techniques, followed by multiple linear regression and artificial neural network, respectively. Moreover, the proposed methods, which consistently showed increased correlation (e.g., from 0.30 to 0.56 for spline interpolation) and reduced mean absolute error and root‐mean‐square error (e.g., from 10.14 to 6.55 mm and 13.5 to 8.76 mm, respectively) for average of all events, can more accurately produce downscaled precipitation data.