bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axonal abnormalities in vanishing white matter
Authors: Klok Melanie D. , Bugiani Marianna , de Vries Sharon I. , Gerritsen Wouter , Breur Marjolein , van der Sluis Sophie , Heine Vivi M. , Kole Maarten H. P. , Baron Wia , van der Knaap Marjo S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to study the occurrence and development of axonal pathology and the influence of astrocytes in vanishing white matter.MethodsAxons and myelin were analyzed using electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry on Eif2b4 and Eif2b5 single‐ and double‐mutant mice and patient brain tissue. In addition, astrocyte‐forebrain co‐culture studies were performed.ResultsIn the corpus callosum of Eif2b5‐mutant mice, myelin sheath thickness, axonal diameter, and G‐ratio developed normally up to 4 months. At 7 months, however, axons had become thinner, while in control mice axonal diameters had increased further. Myelin sheath thickness remained close to normal, resulting in an abnormally low G‐ratio in Eif2b5‐mutant mice. In more severely affected Eif2b4‐Eif2b5 double‐mutants, similar abnormalities were already present at 4 months, while in milder affected Eif2b4 mutants, few abnormalities were observed at 7 months. Additionally, from 2 months onward an increased percentage of thin, unmyelinated axons and increased axonal density were present in Eif2b5‐mutant mice. Co‐cultures showed that Eif2b5 mutant astrocytes induced increased axonal density, also in control forebrain tissue, and that control astrocytes induced normal axonal density, also in mutant forebrain tissue. In vanishing white matter patient brains, axons and myelin sheaths were thinner than normal in moderately and severely affected white matter. In mutant mice and patients, signs of axonal transport defects and cytoskeletal abnormalities were minimal.InterpretationIn vanishing white matter, axons are initially normal and atrophy later. Astrocytes are central in this process. If therapy becomes available, axonal pathology may be prevented with early intervention.
Bioinspired Trans‐Scale Functional Interface for Enhanced Enzymatic Dynamics and Ultrasensitive Detection of microRNA
Authors: Ye Lei , Yang Fan , Ding Yuanlin , Yu Haibin , Yuan Lin , Dai Qi , Sun Yujie , Wu Xiaoxue , Xiang Yang , Zhang Guo‐Jun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProtein interactions with specific nucleic acid sequences are crucial in cell growth. Inspired by such binding events that often occur at nanoscale biointerface, here a trans‐scale functional interface capable of considerably enhancing in vitro DNA‐enzyme interaction is reported. Using a screen‐printed electrode with nanoroughened carbon surface, the high‐curvature gold nanostructures in a single electrodeposition step can be programmed. In this process, a synergistic effect is found between nanoroughened carbon and polyelectrolyte multilayer enabling the formation of high‐stability and high‐curvature nanostructures. More importantly, these fractal nanostructures effectively overcome neighboring probes aggregation at high density and allow the probes to be more freely accessed by target molecules. As compared to its planar counterparts, this nanostructuring interface demonstrates faster enzymatic dynamics that enables ultrasensitive detection of microRNA with a detection limit of 35 × 10−18
m. Such an efficient trans‐scale biosensing interface has also accurately differentiated the patients with rheumatic arthritis from the health ones, signifying its great potential in precision medicine.
Ultrafast Growth of Large 2D Silver Nanosheets by Highly Ordered Biological Template at Air/Gel Interface
Authors: Jang Hyung‐Seok , Seong Baekhoon , Zang Xining , Lee Hyungdong , Bae Jin Woo , Cho Dae‐Hyun , Kao Emmeline , Yang Chen , Kang Giho , Liu Yumeng , Park Hyun Sung , Byun Doyoung , Lin Liwei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe growth of large and high‐quality 2D nanomaterials is challenging due to the formation of defects from dislocations, disinclinations, and symmetry‐breaking instabilities. In this study it is demonstrated that biological template can be utilized to align the molecular orientation for large grain size in the synthesis of the high‐quality 2D silver nanostructure. The solvent assisted multilayering phenomenon of hydrogel forms biological template at the air/gel interface and supports the silver salts to grow laterally and largely in a 2D manner between the scaffold layers with a nominal thickness of 4.4 ± 0.3 nm. This solution‐based deposition mechanism is demonstrated based on droplet, spin‐coating, and electrohydrodynamic jet printing schemes for robust and flexible conductive thin films or patterns.
Controlling the Growth of Ni3S2 Anode with Tunable Sodium Storage
Authors: Song Xiaosheng , Li Xifei , Bai Zhimin , Yan Bo , Li Dejun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe influences of acids on the surface of nickel foam and its effect on the growth of nickel sulfide are studied. Treated by sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acid, three Ni foams are fabricated with different surface states containing different surface roughness and different surface layers with nickel salts. By controlling the reaction conditions, three Ni3S2 morphological structures with nanosheets, clustered nanosheets, and nanoparticles are designed on these preprocessed Ni foams. The applications of these Ni3S2/Ni electrodes for sodium ion batteries are examined in detail. The findings provide a new idea for the control of the solid–liquid reaction interface, which highly affect the morphologies of Ni3S2.
A Highly Sensitive Flexible Capacitive Tactile Sensor with Sparse and High‐Aspect‐Ratio Microstructures
Authors: Wan Yongbiao , Qiu Zhiguang , Hong Ying , Wang Yan , Zhang Jianming , Liu Qingxian , Wu Zhigang , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHighly sensitive flexible tactile sensors that can be fabricated in a low cost and efficient way are in great demand for intelligent soft robotics and friendly human–machine interaction. Herein, a highly sensitive flexible tactile sensor is developed by using bionic micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (m‐PDMS) replicated from lotus leaf. The m‐PDMS substrate consists of high‐aspect‐ratio and low‐density microtowers, and is covered by ultrathin silver nanowires as a bottom electrode. The capacitive sensing device is constructed by sandwiching the bottom electrode, a colorless polyimides dielectric layer, and a top electrode, and exhibits a high sensitivity of ≈1.2 k Pa−1, a ultralow limit of detection <0.8 Pa, and a fast response time of 36 ms. The finite‐elemental analysis indicates that the sparse and high‐aspect‐ratio microtowers are critical to achieve high sensitivity, low limit of detection, and fast response to external stimulus. The flexible tactile sensor also exhibits high robustness: it can be tested for at least 100 000 cycles without showing fatigue. More importantly, the flexible tactile sensors are potentially useful in intelligent soft robots, health monitoring, and motion detection. Besides, the fabrication strategy may offer a guideline to design other microstructures for improving the performance of flexible tactile sensors.
RNAi‐mediated reduction of hepatic Tmprss6 diminishes anemia and secondary iron overload in a splenectomized mouse model of β‐thalassemia intermedia
Authors: Schmidt Paul J. , Liu Kaifeng , Visner Gary , Fitzgerald Kevin , Fishman Shannon , Racie Tim , Hettinger Julia L. , Butler James S. , Fleming Mark D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiminished β‐globin synthesis in β‐thalassemia is associated with ineffective erythropoiesis, leading to secondary iron overload caused by inappropriately low levels of hepcidin and to splenomegaly in the symptomatic thalassemias. Splenectomy is often employed in patients with β‐thalassemia to reduce hemolysis. Expression of the iron regulatory peptide hormone hepcidin is repressed by the serine proteaseTMPRSS6. Hepcidin induction by RNAi‐mediated inhibition ofTMPRSS6 expressionreduces iron overload and mitigates anemia in murine models of β‐thalassemia intermedia. To interrogate the efficacy of RNAi‐mediated reduction ofTmprss6in splenectomized β‐thalassemia, splenectomized β‐thalassemicHbbth3/+animals were treated with a GalNAc‐conjugated siRNA targetingTmprss6(GalNAc‐Tmprss6) and their hematological and iron parameters monitored. We demonstrate that treatment with GalNAc‐Tmprss6 significantly diminishesTmprss6expression and appropriately elevates hepcidin expression in splenectomizedHbbth3/+animals. Similar to unsplenectomized animals, treated animals have markedly improved anemia due to diminished ineffective erythropoiesis and reduced iron loading in both serum and tissue. These results suggest that RNAi‐mediated reduction ofTmprss6may have positive outcomes even in splenectomized β‐thalassemia patients.
Rutheniumkatalysierte Kaskadenanellierung von Indol mit Propargylalkoholen
Authors: Kaufmann Julia , Jäckel Elisabeth , Haak Edgar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMehrere Bindungen bildende Kaskadentransformationen und Eintopfprozesse bieten schnellen Zugang zu naturstoffartigen Gerüsten aus einfachen Präkursoren. Diese atomökonomischen Prozesse sind wertvolle Werkzeuge für die Organische Synthese und die Wirkstoffsuche. Hier berichten wir über rutheniumkatalysierte Kaskadenanellierungen von Indol mit leicht verfügbaren Propargylalkoholen. Dadurch sind diverse Carbazole, Cyclohepta[b]indole und weitere fusionierte Polycyclen schnell und mit hoher Selektivität zugänglich. Ein bifunktionaler Rutheniumkomplex eines redox‐gekoppelten Cyclopentadienonliganden fungiert als gemeinsamer Katalysator für die unterschiedlichen Kaskadenumwandlungen die auftreten.
Common Patterns in Chaperone Interactions with a Native Client Protein
Authors: He Lichun , Hiller Sebastian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany molecular chaperones are promiscuous and interact with a wide range of unfolded, quasi‐native, and native client proteins. The mechanisms by which chaperones interact with the highly diverse structures of native clients thus remain puzzling. In this work, we investigate at the atomic level how three ATP‐independent chaperones interact with a β‐sheet‐rich protein, the Fyn SH3 domain. The results reveal that the chaperone Spy recognizes the locally frustrated surface of the client Fyn SH3 and that the interaction is transient and highly dynamic, leaving the chaperone‐interacting surface on Fyn SH3 solvent accessible. The two alternative molecular chaperones SurA and Skp recognize the same locally frustrated surface of the Fyn SH3 domain. These results indicate dynamic recognition of frustrated segments as a common mechanism underlying the chaperone–native client interaction, which also provides a basis for chaperone promiscuousness.
Fabrication of sustained‐release and antibacterial citronella oil‐loaded composite microcapsules based on Pickering emulsion templates
Authors: Wang Jingguang , Li Xin , Chen Minjie , Chen Zhenming , Wu Hong , Zhang Peng , Yuan Teng , Yang Zhuohong , Hu Yang 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn this work, the citronella oil (CTO)‐loaded composite microcapsules with hydroxyapatite (HAp)/quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (HACC)/sodium alginate (SA) shells are facilely and effectively fabricated by templating citronella oil‐in‐water Pickering emulsions, which are stabilized with HAp nanoparticles. The microcapsule composite shells are prepared by the electrostatic adsorption of HACC and SA, and then chelation interaction of alginate and Ca2+ ions released from HAp nanoparticles. Scanning electronic microscope observation shows that the microcapsules have a spherical shape. Thereafter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis results indicate that CTO is successfully loaded into the microcapsules, and the related CTO‐loaded microcapsules possess the thermal stability. Moreover, the in vitro release study of CTO shows that the microcapsules have sustained release activity, and the related CTO release profiles can be well described by Rigter–Peppas model. The antimicrobial assays of microcapsules display the antibacterial effect of CTO‐loaded microcapsules against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Overall, this study opens up new potentiality for unstable active ingredient as an environmental friendly and ingenious microencapsulation in food and agriculture applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46386.
Paul Ehrlich und der Nobelpreis. Die Konstruktion wissenschaftlicher Exzellenz
Authors: Hüntelmann Axel Cäsar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPaul Ehrlich and the Nobel Prize. The Construction of Scientific Excellence. From the first award in 1901 until now the Nobel Prize was and is valued as the highest recognition of the scientific community for the outstanding – excellent – scientific work of a researcher. And insofar, winning the Nobel Prize was a highlight in Paul Ehrlich's life. But from the first nomination in 1901 until 1908, when he was awarded the prize, it was a long way. Between these years Ehrlich had been nominated 89 times by 80 scientists all over the world. The article sketches how excellence has been constructed by using the example of Paul Ehrlich. On the one hand, scientific networks are a precondition for being nominated by colleagues, on the other hand, excellence had been valuated and constructed in complex valuation processes and administrative procedures. The article presents first an overview over the nominations of Paul Ehrlich – who nominated him for what reasons? Moreover, the chapter sketches the relations between some nominators and Paul Ehrlich. After he had been nominated, the nominations were evaluated by members of the Nobel committee. The second part follows the complex procedures of evaluation to find the most excellent scientific work in accordance to Nobel's will. Finally, the Nobel Prize is embedded in broader network relations and the moral and relational economy of networks, which is exemplified by describing Paul Ehrlich relations to Carl Julius Salomonsen.
Multicentre study evaluating the surgical learning curve for posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy
Authors: Vrielink O M , Engelsman A F , Hemmer P H J , de Vries J , Vorselaars W M C M , Vriens M R , Karakatsanis A , Hellman P , Sywak M S , van Leeuwen B L , El Moumni M , Kruijff S 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy has gained international popularity in the past decade. Despite major advantages, including shorter duration of operation, minimal blood loss and decreased postoperative pain, many surgeons still prefer laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy. It is likely that the unfamiliar anatomical environment, smaller working space and long learning curve impede implementation. The present study assessed the number of procedures required to fulfil the surgical learning curve for posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy.

Methods
The first consecutive posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies performed by four surgical teams from university centres in three different countries were analysed. The primary outcome measure was duration of operation. Secondary outcomes were conversion to an open or laparoscopic transperitoneal approach, complications and recovery time. The learning curve cumulative sum (LC-CUSUM) was used to assess the learning curves for each surgical team.

Results
A total of 181 surgical procedures performed by four surgical teams were analysed. The median age of the patients was 57 (range 15–84) years and 61·3 per cent were female. Median tumour size was 25 (range 4–85) mm. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics and tumour size between the teams. The median duration of operation was 89 (range 29–265) min. There were 35 perioperative and postoperative complications among the 181 patients (18·8 per cent); 17 of 27 postoperative complications were grade 1. A total of nine conversions to open procedures (5·0 per cent) were observed. The LC-CUSUM analysis showed that competency was achieved after a range of 24–42 procedures.

Conclusion
In specialized endocrine surgical centres between 24 and 42 procedures are required to fulfil the entire surgical learning curve for the posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy.
Quantification of amlodipine and atorvastatin in human plasma by UPLC–MS/MS method and its application to a bioequivalence study
Authors: Rezk Mamdouh R. , Badr Kamal A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA robust, rapid and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method has been developed, optimized and validated for the determination of amlodipine (AML) and atorvastatin (ATO) in human plasma using eplerenone as an internal standard (IS). Multiple‐reaction monitoring in positive electrospray ionization mode was utilized in Xevo TQD LC–MS/MS. Double extraction was used in sample preparation using diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The prepared samples were analyzed using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column. Ammonium formate and acetonitrile, pumped isocraticaly at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min, were used as a mobile phase. Method validation was done as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Linearity was achieved in the range of 0.1–10 ng/mL for AML and 0.05–50 ng/mL for ATO. Intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy and precision were calculated and found to be within the acceptable range. A short run time, of <1.5 min, permits analysis of a large number of plasma samples per batch. The developed and validated method was applied to estimate AML and ATO in a bioequivalence study in healthy human volunteers.
Industrial symbiosis within eco‐industrial parks: Sustainable development for Borg El‐Arab in Egypt
Authors: ElMassah Suzanna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper explores how industrial symbiosis within eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) can help advance sustainable development in Egypt. Based on industrial ecology theory, this study focuses on the industrial zone of Borg El‐Arab near Alexandria and explores possibilities to transform it, or parts of it, into an EIP. It identifies opportunities for possible by‐product exchange in the third industrial zone of Borg El‐Arab, which has the highest solid waste output. The study then presents a pilot model of a brownfield EIP and suggests that the benefits from exchange of by‐products would be enhanced even further if some factories are created to close the loop of industrial processes in the zone (brick production, animal feed, fish farms, and organic fertilizer production). These conclusions confirm that there is potential to improve environmental performance of the Borg El‐Arab Industrial City and align it with national and global sustainable development goals.
Massive pericardial effusion caused by hypothyroidism
Authors: Schmitt Willian , Roque David , Germano Ana 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageAlthough mild pericardial effusion is a usual finding in patients with hypothyroidism, massive pericardial effusion or pericardial tamponade is rare and customarily related to severe hypothyroidism. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism should be considered in the differential of patients presenting with unexplained pericardial effusion, even when signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism are nonexistent.
Diagnostic challenges in a patient with an occult insulinoma:68 Ga‐DOTA‐exendin‐4 PET/CT and 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Bongetti Elisa , Lee Melissa H. , Pattison David A , Hicks Rodney J. , Norris Richard , Sachithanandan Nirupa , MacIsaac Richard J 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageDespite growing evidence for GLP‐1R molecular‐based imaging, successful localization of insulinomas may require the use of multiple imaging modalities. Not all benign insulinomas express the GLP‐1R as expected. Our case demonstrates that there is a still an important role for traditional methods for the anatomical localization of an insulinoma.
Understanding the Roles of Sulfur Dopants in Carbonaceous Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: The Relationship between Catalytic Activity and Work Function
Authors: Shin Heejong , Kang Narae , Kang Daye , Kang Jin Soo , Ko Ju Hong , Lee Doo Hun , Park Subin , Son Seung Uk , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe prepared a series of hollow sulfur‐doped carbons with diverse S contents through the carbonization of microporous organic networks (MONs), which were synthesized through the Sonogashira coupling of thiophene moieties with different numbers of S atoms as building blocks. This preparation method enabled the doping level to be controlled without inducing any notable differences in textural and morphological characteristics, and these S‐doped carbons did not show any notable differences in the chemical properties of carbon, regardless of the sulfur content. We used these well‐controlled MON‐derived carbons as a model to elucidate the role of sulfur dopants in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and to investigate the relationship between the activities and work functions of carbonaceous catalysts. By excluding the effect of electrical properties of the S‐doped carbon catalysts using conducting agents, we could successfully verify that increasing the number of dopants led to an enhancement in the ORR activities, and the high applicability of work function as the activity descriptor was also demonstrated. We believe that our experimental observations will provide a deeper understanding of carbonaceous electrocatalysts with p‐block dopants, and the investigations performed in this study are also anticipated to serve as a rational guideline in designing carbonaceous catalysts for various electrochemical reactions.
Identifying On‐Surface Site‐Selective Chemical Conversions by Theory‐Aided NEXAFS Spectroscopy: The Case of Free‐Base Corroles on Ag(111)
Authors: Aldahhak H. , Paszkiewicz M. , Rauls E. , Allegretti F. , Tebi S. , Papageorgiou A. C. , Zhang Y.‐Q. , Zhang L. , Lin T. , Paintner T. , Koch R. , Schmidt W. G. , Barth J. V. , Schöfberger W. , Müllegger S. , Klappenberger F. , Gerstmann U. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate here that theory‐assisted near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine‐structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy enables the site‐sensitive monitoring of on‐surface chemical reactions, thus, providing information not accessible by other techniques. As a prototype example, we have used free‐base 5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)corroles (3H‐TpFPC) adsorbed on Ag(111) and present a detailed investigation of the angle‐dependent NEXAFS of this molecular species as well as of their thermally induced derivatives. For this, we have recorded experimental C and N K‐edge NEXAFS spectra and interpret them based on XAS cross‐section calculations by using a continuous fraction approach and core‐hole including multiprojector PAW pseudopotentials within DFT. We have characterized the as‐deposited low temperature (200 K) phase and unraveled the subsequent changes induced by dehydrogenation (at 330 K) and ring‐closure reactions (at 430 K). By exemplarily obtaining profound insight into the on‐surface chemistry of free‐base corrolic species adsorbed on a noble metal this work highlights how angle‐dependent XAS combined with accurate theoretical modeling can serve for the investigation of on‐surface reactions, whereby even highly similar molecular structures, such as tautomers and isomers, can be distinguished.
Modeling of Conversion Hysteresis Phenomena for Pt/Pd‐based Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Dubbe Hendrik , Eigenberger Gerhart , Nieken Ulrich 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent findings in the conversion behavior of diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) show a strong dependence between performance and oxidation state of the catalyst. Furthermore, a slow and reversible change of catalyst oxidation state has been observed under cyclic temperature changes with realistic exhaust gas conditions, which can result in a significant inverse hysteresis during light‐off and subsequent light‐out. In this contribution, an existing 1D global kinetic model for Pt‐only DOCs is developed further, considering CO and hydrocarbon interaction. It is also applied to a Pd‐only and PtPd‐alloyed catalyst.