bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Reconstruction of Fibular Collateral Ligament Rupture Using a Partial-Thickness Biceps Femoris Tendon Autograft
Authors: Sabzevari Soheil , Levitt Sarah J. , Kahan Jory , Vasavada Kinjal , Fanelli Gregory , LaPrade Robert F. , Medvecky Michael J. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Fibular collateral ligament (FCL) injuries are uncommon incidents, with less favorable healing rates compared to medial collateral ligament injuries, often necessitating repair or reconstruction as the predominant treatment approach. Indications: Using a partial-thickness biceps femoris tendon (PTBFT) autograft for FCL reconstruction or augmentation is a viable option for both acute and chronic FCL injuries, especially in patients unwilling to accept allograft tissue and in settings with limited access to allografts. Technique: The fibular head attachments of the biceps femoris tendon (BFT), FCL, and popliteofibular ligament are inspected for injury. The biceps–iliotibial band (ITB) interval is opened, and the native FCL is assessed at its midsubstance for injury. The mid-aspect of the ITB was incised in line with its fibers, and the femoral insertion of FCL is localized. A 10-mm × 70-mm graft is harvested from the middle third of the BFT, preserving the distal insertion on the fibular head. Locking Krackow sutures are placed into the proximal end of the graft, which is passed under the ITB. A femoral tunnel is created at the FCL attachment site, and the graft is placed into the femoral tunnel and secured to the femur using an interference screw. Results: Postoperatively, the patient is instructed on foot-flat touch weightbearing with 2 crutches, on a knee immobilizer, for the first 2 weeks. Increasing weightbearing status and range of motion are expected in a stepwise manner. Return to sports is permitted after 6 to 9 months and depends on the presence of any additional injuries, strength, and functional recovery. There no studies available yet on clinical outcomes. Discussion/Conclusion: FCL reconstruction or augmentation utilizing a PTBFT autograft is an underused treatment option for patients with isolated FCL insufficiency or as part of multiligamentous injuries. This procedure offers advantages such as an anatomic reconstruction; single incision for both graft harvest and FCL reconstruction; shorter, cost-effective surgery with fewer implants used; and a safer approach with reduced risk of neurovascular structures due to lack of a fibular head tunnel. This is a valuable option in the limited source setting or in a patient not accepting of allografts. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Renal venous flow in different regions of the kidney are different and reflecting different etiologies of venous reflux disorders in septic acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Rongping , Lian Hui , Zhao Hua , Wang Xiaoting ,   and Critical Care Ultrasound Study Group
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of sepsis. While impaired renal venous reflux indicates renal congestion, the relationship between AKI outcomes and hemodynamic parameters remains debated. This study aimed to investigate the utility of renal venous flow patterns in various regions of septic patients and to explore the association between hemodynamic parameters and renal function prognosis.

Methods
In this single-center, prospective longitudinal study, adult sepsis patients diagnosed with AKI were enrolled. Renal ultrasonography was performed within 24 h of ICU admission (D1), then repeated at D3 and D5. Patterns of proximal renal venous flow (PRVF) and intrarenal venous flow (IRVF) patterns were confirmed by two blinded sonographers. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate renal prognosis, and cumulative incidence curves were generated for renal function recovery time.

Results
The study included 96 septic patients. Inconsistencies between PRVF and IRVF patterns occurred in 31.9%, with PRVF patterns being more severe in 88% of these. A relatively strong correlation was observed between PRVF and CVP, but this trend was less evident in IRVF. For RVSI of PRVF at ICU admission, the AUC to predict 28-day renal function prognosis was 0.626 (95% CI 0.502–0.750, P = 0.044), while combined PRVF and IRVF had a higher predictive ability (AUC 0.687, 95% CI 0.574–0.801, P = 0.003). The 28-day renal prognosis was poorer in the PRVF 5-day non-improvement group compared to the 3-day improvement group (P = 0.001) and 5-day improvement group (P = 0.012). Patients with a persistent monophasic PRVF pattern within 5 days had a worse prognosis than the non-monophasic group (P = 0.005).

Conclusions
Our study reveals that patterns of PRVF and IRVF are not entirely congruent, stepwise evaluation is useful in determining the intervention site for renal vein reflux disorders. Combined PRVF and IRVF had a higher predictive ability for 28-day renal function prognosis. Early improvement in renal venous congestion is crucial for better renal function prognosis.
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NTC06159010. Retrospectively registered 28 November 2023.
Role of stimulating combined visceral meridians by laser acupuncture on asthma exacerbation and quality of life of asthmatic patients
Authors: Al Sharkawy Asmaa A. A. , Hamdy Gehan , Gharib Ahmed , Elsheikh Mai S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Asthma patients with atopic tendencies often experience airway inflammation and structural changes. Common triggers for asthma exacerbations include exercise, specific foods, and respiratory viral infections. Acupuncture has been investigated as a possible treatment for asthma management, but the efficacy of specific acupuncture points remains uncertain.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of stimulating specific acupuncture points along combined visceral meridians on asthma exacerbations triggered by various factors. It also assessed improvements in quality of life, focusing on symptoms, daily activities, environmental influences, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the Mini Asthma Questionnaire.

Method
The study included 50 patients with chronic persistent asthma who were randomly assigned and categorized based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines for asthma control. Over 5 weeks, participants underwent 12 laser acupuncture (LA) sessions targeting acupuncture points on the lung, heart, conception vessel, spleen, and stomach meridians. A low-level laser (780 nm wavelength, 800 mW output) was used to deliver 9.6 J/cm2 per acupoint in continuous mode. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 5 weeks post-treatment using the Mini Asthma Questionnaire, Asthma Control Test (ACT), and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1).

Results
Following 5 weeks of laser acupuncture sessions, there was a significant improvement in exercise tolerance (p < 0.001) and a marked reduction in asthma exacerbations triggered by viral infections and food allergies (p < 0.001). The overall Mini Asthma Questionnaire scores were significantly increased from 37.08 ± 10.14 at baseline to 72.60 ± 9.97 post-treatment (p < 0.001). Spirometry findings demonstrated a significant improvement in FEV1 (p > 0.005).

Conclusion
Laser acupuncture targeting combined visceral meridians shows promise in enhancing exercise tolerance and reducing asthma exacerbations caused by viral infections and food allergies. This approach significantly improves the quality of life for school-aged children with asthma.
Presentation and Management of Highly Differentiated Follicular Carcinoma of Ovarian Origin With DICER1 Gene Variants
Authors: Seav Susan , Atiq Mazen , Lo Ying-Chun , Shah Jagruti , Dorigo Oliver , Dosiou Chrysoula 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Struma ovarii (SO) is a rare subtype of ovarian teratoma composed of more than 50% thyroid tissue. Extraovarian spread of SO, called peritoneal strumosis, was previously considered benign given the lack of histological malignant features. However, the 2020 World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tumors reclassified peritoneal strumosis as highly differentiated follicular carcinoma of ovarian origin (HDFCO), highlighting its low-grade malignant potential. We present a 38-year-old woman with SO treated initially with right salpingo-oophorectomy, with recurrence 2 years later with multifocal metastatic lesions in the abdomen and pelvis that was successfully treated with surgical resection, total thyroidectomy, and 157 mCi of I-131. Tumor molecular testing revealed a pathogenic DICER1 variant (c.5428G&gt;T, exon 25). A second variant (c.319delinsTGCTGGTTTGACA, exon 4) was of uncertain significance. Germline testing confirmed the second DICER1 variant and also identified an increased risk variant in the APC gene (c.3920T&gt;A). This is a rare case of extensive HFDCO with DICER1 variants, which has been associated with thyroid cancer. Given the germline DICER1 variant, this may also represent the first reported instance of DICER1 syndrome manifesting as HDFCO. Further research into the prognostic factors and optimal treatment of HFDCO is needed.
Statin-Induced Necrotizing Autoimmune Myopathy: Diagnosis and Treatment Approach
Authors: Srinivasan Varshini , Prabu Samyuktha , Sfeir Jad G , Muthusamy Kalpana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The widespread use of statins for cardiovascular diseases has unveiled a new subset of inflammatory myopathy, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). We describe below an unusual case of anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) myopathy. A 64-year-old male individual with type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease presented with progressive proximal muscle weakness and pain for 3 months. He took atorvastatin 40 mg for 4 years, which was discontinued due to elevated liver enzymes and resumed treatment with rosuvastatin 5 mg later due to worsening hyperlipidemia. Physical examination showed significant weakness of the hip, shoulder girdle, and biceps/triceps. Creatinine kinase (CK) was found to be 232.48 µkat/L (13 921 IU/L) (normal: 0.833-5.133 µkat/L; 50-308 IU/L). Electromyography and left vastus lateralis muscle biopsy showed findings of myonecrosis. Anti-HMGCR assay was strongly positive with antibodies &gt; 200 chemiluminescent units (CU) (normal: 0-20 CU). He was started on prednisone followed by human-immunoglobulin (IVIG) which led to a decline in CK. Statin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (SINAM) is an exceptionally rare side effect of statins. Although statins come with a good side-effect profile, one should be aware of marked, persistent elevations in muscle enzyme levels. Prompt confirmation with antibody levels, drug discontinuation, and early initiation of immunosuppression can lead to good outcomes.
Satiety Hormone LEAP2 After Low-Calorie Diet With/Without Endobarrier Insertion in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Emini Mimoza , Bhargava Raghav , Aldhwayan Madhawi , Chhina Navpreet , Rodriguez Flores Marcela , Aldubaikhi Ghadah , Al Lababidi Moaz , Al-Najim Werd , Miras Alexander D , Ruban Aruchuna , Glaysher Michael A , Prechtl Christina G , Byrne James P , Teare Julian P , Goldstone Anthony P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
The liver/foregut satiety hormone liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is an inverse agonist at the acyl ghrelin receptor (GHSR), increasing after food intake and decreasing after bariatric surgery and short-term nonsurgical weight loss, but effects of long-term dietary weight loss are unknown.

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine and compare the effects of these interventions on fasting and postprandial plasma LEAP2 and investigate potential metabolic mediators of changes in plasma LEAP2.

Methods
Plasma LEAP2 was measured in a previously published 2-year trial comparing standard medical management (SMM) (including 600-kcal/day deficit) with duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL, Endobarrier) insertion (explanted after 1 year) in adults with obesity and inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Results
In the SMM group (n = 25-37), weight decreased by 4.3%, 8.1%, 7.8%, and 6.4% at 2, 26, 50, and 104 weeks and fasting plasma LEAP2 decreased from baseline mean ± SD 15.3 ± 0.9 ng/mL by 1.7, 3.8, 2.1, and 2.0 ng/mL, respectively. Absolute/decreases in fasting plasma LEAP2 positively correlated with absolute/decreases in body mass index, glycated hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and serum triglycerides. Despite greater weight loss in the DJBL group (n = 23-30) at 26 to 50 weeks (10.4%-11.4%), the decrease in fasting plasma LEAP2 was delayed and attenuated (vs SMM), which may contribute to greater weight loss by attenuating GHSR signaling. Plasma LEAP2 did not increase with weight regain from 50 to 104 weeks after DJBL explant, suggesting a new set point with weight loss maintenance. Increases in plasma LEAP2 after a 600-kcal meal (10.8%-16.1% at 1-2 hours) were unaffected by weight loss, improved glucose metabolism, or DJBL insertion (n = 9-25), suggesting liver rather than duodenum/jejunum may be the primary source of postprandial LEAP2 secretion.

Conclusion
These findings add to our understanding of the regulation and potential physiological role of plasma LEAP2.
A Novel Homozygous BMP15 Mutation Causes Ovarian Dysgenesis and Primary Amenorrhea
Authors: Cohen Amitay , Rossetti Raffaella , Florsheim Natan , Samson Abraham O , Renbaum Paul , Carbone Erika , Persani Luca , Levy-Lahad Ephrat , Abu-Libdeh Abdulsalam , Zangen David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Despite a growing number of studies, the genetic etiology in many cases of ovarian dysgenesis is incompletely understood.

Objectives
This work aimed to study the genetic etiology causing absence of spontaneous pubertal development, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and primary amenorrhea in 2 sisters.

Methods
Whole-exome sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from peripheral lymphocytes of 2 Palestinian sisters born to consanguineous parents. Following a BMP15 variant identification, confirming genetic segregation studies were performed in family members. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling for BMP15 dimer and BMP15-GDF-9 heterodimer were followed by functional studies in human ovarian COV434 granulosa cells cotransfected with plasmid harboring either the variant or a wild-type (WT) control, and a second plasmid harboring a luciferase-reporter-gene with a BMP-responsive element.

Results
A novel homozygous c.G959A/p.C320Y BMP15 mutation was identified in both sisters, and segregated with the disease in the family. By 3D-structure modeling, the mutations were predicted to damage a cysteine-knot motif, disrupt BMP15 dimerization, and severely impair activation of the BMP pathway. The homologous mutation C53Y occurring and identified spontaneously in sheep results in sterility in homozygotes, mimicking the human phenotype here. A 3.8-fold decrease in BMP15 signaling was observed in vitro in cells expressing the homozygous BMP15 mutant when compared to the WT control.

Conclusion
The novel homozygous missense C320Y mutation is the first homozygous human BMP15 variant causing impaired signaling ability, which correlates with the predicted 3D-structural changes leading to ovarian dysgenesis. The homologous mutation in sheep mimics the human phenotype by infertility. Beyond genetic counseling, and considering ovarian preservation, the ovine model enables further elucidation and interventions in the BMP signaling.
Palestinian Liberation and Zionist Ideology at the Western University
Authors: Elhalaby Esmat , Wind Maya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Israel's genocidal war on Gaza escalated in the fall of 2023 and sparked a mass student uprising across the world. This student intifada recentered universities as crucial battlegrounds and sites of mobilization for Palestinian liberation. Building on the liberated zones of the student movements of the 1960s and 1970s, students constructed their own “people's universities” through building encampments on their campuses. This essay traces the material and intellectual entanglements of the Western university with Zionism, profoundly contested by student organizers in recent months. It then shows how the current student uprising challenges long-held ideas about the “crisis” of the university and unsettles the very administrative and violent structures formed by the university as it reconstituted itself in response to the demands of previous student occupations. Finally, it asks what we might learn from this student uprising, which the essays that follow further explore.
The Camp and the Encampment: Reflections on Palestine Futures from the University of Toronto Student Encampment
Authors: Al-Shihabi Majd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The two-month encampment at the University of Toronto struggled to reach a deal with the university's administration. Despite its clear demands, based on the Palestinian civil society call for boycott, divestment, and sanctions (BDS), confusion abounded about the goals of the encampment and the tactics required for reaching them. The author compares the role of student encampments of 2024 to that of the Palestinian refugee camp at the dawn of the Palestinian revolution. The author reflects on the meaning of Palestinian liberation and modes of resistance to reach it, suggesting that it requires attending to the crises of climate change and capitalism to deliver a Palestinian political vision for desirable futures that guarantee the conditions for the flourishing of all humans on that land.
Validity of Urine Specific Gravity to Determine Hydration Status in NCAA Division I Male and Female Soccer Players
Authors: Lints Blaine S. , Stray-Gundersen Sten O. , Mastrofini Gianna F. , McFadden Bridget A. , Chandler Alexa J. , Walker Alan J. , Argetsinger Ryan M. , Arent Shawn M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Urine specific gravity (USG) is commonly used for rapid determination of hydration status. However, it may not reflect true hydration status when compared to serum osmolality (Sosm). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between hydration status measured by USG and Sosm in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I soccer players.

Methods
Sixty-four NCAA Division I soccer players (n = 31 female) participated in the study. Fasting blood draws occurred in the morning at six timepoints for females and three timepoints for males. Repeated-measures correlations were used to assess relationships between USG and Sosm (α = 0.05).

Results
Mean Sosm was 287.60 ± 4.89 mOsm·kg−1 and mean USG was 1.024 ± 0.006. There was no significant correlation found between Sosm and USG in all subjects (r = −0.06, P = 0.36). Mean Sosm in females was 286.54 ± 5.24 mOsm·kg−1, and mean USG was 1.024 ± 0.006. In females, there was no significant correlation between Sosm and USG (r = −0.12, P = 0.16). Mean Sosm in males was 289.35 ± 5.57 mOsm·kg−1, and mean USG was 1.027 ± 0.031. In males, there was no significant correlation between Sosm and USG (r = 0.11, P = 0.42). Mean Sosm in females was significantly lower than in men (P = 0.04), but no significant differences were found between sexes for USG (P = 0.09). When assessed for sensitivity, females and males received scores of 78.79% and 83.02%, respectively, whereas the general sensitivity of all subjects was 81.40%. Assessment of specificity revealed that females and males received scores of 19.46% and 28.13%, respectively, whereas the general specificity of all subjects was 20.99%.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates a discordance between USG and Sosm. Although it lacked specificity in classifying euhydration, USG tended to classify an individual as hypohydrated compared to Sosm. Because USG may falsely classify an athlete as hypohydrated, additional measures of hydration status should be taken to avoid overhydration.
Accuracy improvement of focusing and leveling sensors based on pupil phase modulation
Authors: Lan Ke , Liu Xiao , Jia Tingyuan , Pan Liandong , Cheng Jianrui , Li Yunfeng , Wang Xiangzhao , Chen Cailian 
Published: December 2024

The focusing and leveling sensor (FLS) is crucial for achieving high-accuracy vertical measurements in lithography systems. To improve the vertical measurement accuracy of FLS in multilayer processes, this study explores the feasibility of reducing vertical measurement errors through pupil phase modulation, leveraging the Abbe imaging model and point spread function (PSF) engineering. Two approaches are proposed: installing phase-complementary optical path modulators (OPMs) or spiral phase plates (SPPs) into the optical path. A simulation model is built and experimentally validated, showing consistency in vertical measurement errors between simulations and experiments. The results indicate that when the spatial frequency of wafer surface reflectance due to process variation is 2.5 cycles/mm, introducing complementary OPMs or SSPs can reduce vertical measurement errors by approximately 92.3% and 81.2%, respectively. This demonstrates that both modulation methods effectively reduce vertical measurement errors, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of FLS. These methods offer significant insights for increasing process tolerance and improving the measurement accuracy of FLS in lithographic processes.
Systematic review of exercise for the treatment of pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Smith Martha R. , Yu Elizabeth L. , Malki Ghattas J. , Newton Kimberly P. , Goyal Nidhi P. , Heskett Karen M. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. 
Published: December 2024

Background & aims
Steatotic liver disease affects approximately 1 in 10 children in the U.S. and increases the risk of cirrhosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modification centered on increased physical activity and dietary improvement is the primary management approach. However, significant gaps in the literature hinder the establishment of exercise as a targeted therapeutic strategy for pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We performed a systematic review of studies assessing the impact of exercise interventions on validated hepatic outcomes in children with NAFLD.

Methods
We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar on June 5 and 6, 2023, for studies in English involving children aged 0 to 19 years diagnosed with NAFLD or at increased risk for NAFLD due to overweight or obesity. We updated the search on August 8, 2024. Eligible studies were required to examine the impact of exercise interventions on hepatic steatosis or liver chemistry. The risk of bias was assessed with RoB2 and ROBINS-I. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers.

Results
After screening 1578 unique records, 16 studies involving 998 children were included. This comprised seven studies comparing exercise intervention with non-exercising controls, three uncontrolled studies of exercise intervention, two studies comparing exercise plus lifestyle interventions with lifestyle interventions alone, and nine studies comparing different types of exercise interventions. Five of the 11 studies that evaluated hepatic steatosis reported an absolute decrease of 1% to 3%. In the nine studies that evaluated liver chemistry, no significant changes were observed.

Conclusions
Evidence supporting exercise intervention for the treatment of pediatric MASLD is limited. Existing studies were constrained by their methodological approaches; thus, there is a pressing need for high-quality future research. This will enable the development of precise, evidence-based exercise guidelines crucial for the effective clinical management of this condition.