bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered functions of platelets during aging
Authors: Montenont Emilie , Rondina Matthew T. , Campbell Robert A. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review
Platelets are specialized effector cells that rapidly respond to sites of vascular injury. However, emerging data demonstrate that platelets possess diverse functions that also mediate inflammatory responses and neurological diseases. These functions are relevant to disease processes prevalent among older adults and likely influence susceptibility to thrombotic and inflammatory disorders.

Recent findings
Platelet counts decrease in aged individuals whereas platelet reactivity increases. The platelet transcriptome is altered in aged individuals resulting in altered platelet function and exaggerated inflammation. Platelet signaling to monocytes in aging results in significantly more cytokines because of increased platelet-derived granzyme A. Platelet activation in aging appears to be driven, in part, because of increased reactive oxygen species and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Increased platelet hyperactivity in diseases is associated with aging, such cardiovascular disease and sepsis, exaggerate inflammation and thrombosis. Noncanonical functions of platelets influence the development of neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease.

Summary
Although there have been advances dissecting the molecular mechanisms regarding aging-related changes in platelets, many knowledge gaps still remain. Studies filling these gaps are likely to identify new mechanisms driving aging-related changes in platelet gene expression and function, and contributing to injurious thrombo-inflammation in older adults.
Surgical and Oncological Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Patients With Pancreatic Duct Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yin Zi , Jian Zhixiang , Hou Baohua , Jin Haosheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It is not clear which of the 2 principal treatments for patients with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC), laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD), has greater safety and efficacy. We performed the present meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of both treatments for PDAC patients undergoing LPD. Multiple electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies (up to October 2018) comparing LPD with OPD for PDAC. Short- and long-term oncological outcomes were evaluated. Six studies were qualified for inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis with a total of 9144 PDAC participants. Regarding safety, there were fewer overall postoperative complications associated with LPD (P = 0.005), but the results were similar in terms of pancreatic fistula and mortality. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy was associated with a better trend of performance both in R0 resection (relative risk, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.07; P = 0.07) and preserved lymph nodes (median, 2.14; 95% CI, −0.21 to 4.49; P = 0.07). Long-term overall survival was comparable between LPD and OPD (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.95–1.13; P = 0.49). In conclusion, LPD was found to be a suitable alternative to OPD in selected PDAC patients with respect to both surgical and oncological outcomes.
Refining Psychological, Substance Use, and Sociodemographic Predictors of Suicide Ideation and Attempts in a National Multiethnic Sample of Adults, 2008–2013
Authors: Cheref Soumia , Benoit Julia S. , Walker Rheeda L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine psychological, substance use, and sociodemographic predictors of 12-month suicide ideation and attempts across six US racial/ethnic groups—white, Latino/a, Black, Asian or Pacific Islander (A/PI), American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and multiracial adults. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted for 218,765 adults who participated in the 2008–2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Overall, commonly cited factors were associated with increased risk for suicide ideation and attempt for some racial/ethnic groups, but not for others. As one example, 12-month depression was associated with 12-month suicide attempt for A/PI, AI/AN, Latino/a, and white, but not for Black or multiracial adults. Alcohol abuse and dependence were also associated with suicide attempt for AI/AN, Black, and white respondents but not for other racial/ethnic groups. Risk factors for suicide ideation and attempt may not increase risk universally. More theoretically supported research is needed.
The Experience of Being a Millennial Nurse Manager
Authors: Saifman Heather , Sherman Rose O. 
Published: July 2019

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the experience of being a Millennial nurse manager with a goal to better understand the influence of organizational factors on role expectations, satisfaction, support, development, and intent to stay.

Background
Research on Millennial nurse leaders is scarce. Understanding the perception of these young managers is needed to create succession and retention planning that meets the needs of this generation of leaders.

Method
A national sample of 25 Millennial nurse managers participated in a qualitative interpretative phenomenological study. Audio-recorded telephone interviews were conducted and analyzed.

Results
Millennial leaders have a unique perspective on role expectations and support variables. Seven themes of experience emerged: coming into the role, learning as I go, having the support of my director, making an impact, helping staff succeed, and managing change.

Conclusions
Opportunities to develop and retain Millennial leaders are shaped by understanding the support variables that are important to them.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transpterygoid Approach Using Pedicled Nasoseptal Flap for Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma With Intraoperative Video
Authors: Kim Ji-Sun , Kim Dong-Hyun , Yoon Wan-Soo , Kim Yeonji 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
With the development of minimally invasive endoscopic surgery and image-guided navigation systems, the endoscopic endonasal approach to petrous apex lesions has become more favorable. In this case, a petrous apex cholesterol granuloma was successfully treated with an endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approach. A navigation system was used, and a contralateral nasoseptal flap and silicone tube stent were applied to maintain the cholesterol granuloma drainage pathway. The authors describe the endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approach using a pedicled nasoseptal flap for petrous apex cholesterol granuloma and provide an intraoperative video and a literature review.
Delay in Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Repair: An Institutional Review on Cleft Health Disparities in an Urban Population
Authors: Zaluzec Rebekah M. , Rodby Katherine A. , Bradford Perry S. , Danielson Kirstie K. , Patel Pravin K. , Rosenberg Janine 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Access to specialized medical care is critical to decrease complications and minimize long-term morbidity, yet racial disparities in cleft surgery persist as time to initial reconstruction remains delayed among minority patients. Research has demonstrated an average 3-week delay in surgery for minority patients nationally. A retrospective chart review of patient demographics, visit timing, and surgical history was performed for patients who underwent primary cleft lip with or without palate (CL + P) reconstruction between 2002 and 2016 at an urban craniofacial center. Of the 89 children who underwent surgery, 87% were ethnic minorities (58% Hispanic, 25% African-American, 4% Asian/Other). Caucasian children were the earliest to receive CL (3.5 months) and CP (13-months) repair. Minority children trended toward a delay in CL repair, with surgery for African-Americans at 5-months (P = 0.06) and Hispanics at 4.8-months (P = 0.07). Time from first visit to CL surgery showed significant delays for minority, non-English speaking, and public insurance patients; however, for CP repair, male children were delayed from first visit to surgery compared to females (P = 0.03). While there was no statistical difference in age at CL or CP surgical repair among our racial/ethnic cohorts, there were significant racial/ethnic differences in timing spent in the preoperative period for CL. However, racial/ethnic differences decreased as the patients spent more time within the healthcare system. Thus, established, interdisciplinary cleft/craniofacial centers well versed in minority patients can minimize the complex social and cultural factors that contribute to delays in cleft care.
Computer-Assisted Design and Manufacturing Assists Less Experienced Surgeons in Achieving Equivalent Outcomes in Cranial Vault Reconstruction
Authors: Cho Regina S. , Lopez Joseph , Musavi Leila , Kachniarz Bartlomiej , Macmillan Alexandra , Badiei Beita , Bello Ricardo , Dorafshar Amir H. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess whether long-term outcomes were equivalent between computer-assisted design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) -assisted cranial vault reconstruction performed by an inexperienced surgeon, with fewer years of surgical experience, and traditional reconstruction performed by senior surgeons with many decades of experience.

Methods:
An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective cohort study was performed for all patients with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis between the ages of 1 month to 18 years who received primary, open calvarial vault reconstruction at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1990 and 2017. The primary outcome variable was the Whitaker category (I-IV) for level of required revision at the 2-year follow-up visit. Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss, length of stay, operative time, and postoperative complications. CAD/CAM-assisted surgery was considered noninferior if the proportion of cases requiring any revision (Whitaker II, III, or IV) was no more than 10% greater than the proportion in the traditional surgery group with multivariate logistic regression analysis. t tests and fisher exact tests were used for secondary outcomes.

Results:
A total of 335 patients were included, with 35 CAD/CAM-assisted reconstructions. CAD/CAM-assisted reconstruction was noninferior to traditional after accounting for patient demographics, type of surgery, and experience level of the plastic surgeon. The traditional group required revision more frequently at 29.0% compared to CAD/CAM at 14.3%. Secondary outcomes were not significantly different between groups, but CAD/CAM had significantly longer average operative times (5.7 hours for CAD/CAM, 4.3 hours for traditional, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
CAD/CAM technology may lower the learning curve and assist less experienced plastic surgeons in achieving equivalent long-term outcomes in craniofacial reconstruction.
Pediatric Maxillofacial Trauma Patterns Among Different Types of Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Yazici Alper , Aytaç Ismail 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Traffic accidents are one of the most leading cause of maxillofacial trauma. Defining the bone fracture patterns in different type of traffic accidents may enable for appropriate surgical approach.

Objectives:
This study research the pattern of pediatric maxillofacial fractures in terms of different type of traffic road accidents and age groups.

Methods:
The data on road traffic accidents that caused maxillofacial trauma between May 2014 and January 2019 was gained from the University of Gaziantep hospital data system. Road accident type, age groups, and the type of fractures were the evaluation parameters.

Results:
A total of 61 patients meet the criteria and 41 of those were boys. The midface bones of orbital, maxillar, and frontal are the most fractured structures with a total number of 48. The least fractured bone was mandibula with a number of 4. The comparisons of these fractures among the different type of road traffic accidents and age groups were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Car-pedestrian and car-passengers type of road traffic accident mostly seem to cause midface fractures at the primary and secondary school-aged children.
Toxic neuropathies: Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity
Authors: Alberti Paola , Cavaletti Guido , Cornblath David R. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a common and distressing side-effect of many chemotherapy regimens. Currently, aside from symptomatic treatments for neuropathic pain, there are no treatments to prevent CIPN or treat established CIPN. We discuss recent articles addressing clinimetric issues and treatment of CIPN.

Recent findings
There are important clinimetric issues that need to be addressed so that robust clinical trials in CIPN can be performed. There are new compounds in early development that may treat CIPN, but larger studies are needed.

Summary
A multidisciplinary, international approach is needed to unravel CIPN; the Toxic Neuropathy Consortium (TNC) of the Peripheral Nerve Society may be the home for such efforts.
Autoantibodies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Pascual-Goñi Elba , Martín-Aguilar Lorena , Querol Luis 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a heterogeneous disorder that includes diverse clinical presentations and immunopathological mechanisms. Antibodies targeting proteins of the node of Ranvier are present in a subset of CIDP patients. These autoantibodies are pathogenic and associate with specific clinical phenotypes and therapeutic peculiarities. This review summarizes the novel insights that the discovery of novel autoantibodies has brought to the understanding of CIDP.

Recent findings
Several reports have confirmed the association of the antineurofascin 155 (NF155) antibodies with tremor, ataxia and poor response to IVIG, and with novel pathological features in CIDP patients. The association of nephrotic syndrome with anticontactin 1 (CNTN1) and antinodal neurofascin antibodies has also been described. Also, complement-fixing IgG3 antibodies targeting paranodal proteins have been associated with acute-onset CIDP. Importantly, detection of these autoantibodies has helped selecting CIDP patients for rituximab treatment. Finally, anti-CNTN1 and anti-NF155 antibodies have proven to be the first pathogenic autoantibodies described in CIDP.

Summary
The discovery of autoantibodies against nodal and paranodal proteins has proven useful in clinical practice, has uncovered novel pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, therapeutic response and prognosis within the CIDP disease spectrum and has boosted the search for other clinically relevant autoantibodies.
The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores
Authors: Holekamp Kay E. , Sawdy Maggie A. 
Published: July 2019

We review matrilineal relationships in the societies of fissiped mammalian carnivores, focusing on how the most complex of these may have evolved from simpler systems. Although competition for food is very intense at the trophic level occupied by most carnivores, and although most species of extant fissiped carnivores therefore lead solitary lives, some species show at least rudimentary clustering of maternal kin and matrilineal resource-sharing or transmission of critical resources between generations. The resources shared or transmitted range from individual food items and territories to entire networks of potential allies. The greatest elaboration of matrilineal relationships has occurred in two large carnivores, lions and spotted hyenas, which occur sympatrically throughout much of Africa. The societies of both these species apparently evolved in response to a shared suite of ecological conditions. The highly matrilineal societies of spotted hyenas are unique among carnivores and closely resemble the societies of many cercopithecine primates. The conditions favouring the evolution of matrilineal societies in carnivores include male-biased dispersal, female philopatry, the need for assistance in protecting or provisioning offspring, reliance on large or abundant prey, particularly in open habitat, high population density and kin-structured cooperative interactions that have strong positive effects on fitness.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
Cooperation beyond consanguinity: post-marital residence, delineations of kin and social support among South Indian Tamils
Authors: Power Eleanor A. , Ready Elspeth 
Published: July 2019

Evolutionary ecologists have shown that relatives are important providers of support across many species. Among humans, cultural reckonings of kinship are more than just relatedness, as they interact with systems of descent, inheritance, marriage and residence. These cultural aspects of kinship may be particularly important when a person is determining which kin, if any, to call upon for help. Here, we explore the relationship between kinship and cooperation by drawing upon social support network data from two villages in South India. While these Tamil villages have a nominally male-biased kinship system (being patrilocal and patrilineal), matrilateral kin play essential social roles and many women reside in their natal villages, letting us tease apart the relative importance of genetic relatedness, kinship and residence in accessing social support. We find that people often name both their consanguineal and affinal kin as providing them with support, and we see some weakening of support with lesser relatedness. Matrilateral and patrilateral relatives are roughly equally likely to be named, and the greatest distinction instead is in their availability, which is highly contingent on post-marital residence patterns. People residing in their natal village have many more consanguineal relatives present than those who have relocated. Still, relocation has only a small effect on an individual’s network size, as non-natal residents are more reliant on the few kin that they have present, most of whom are affines. In sum, marriage patterns have an important impact on kin availability, but the flexibility offered by the broadening of the concept of kin helps people develop the cooperative relationships that they rely upon, even in the absence of genetic relatives.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
The expendable male hypothesis
Authors: Mattison Siobhán M. , Quinlan Robert J. , Hare Darragh 
Published: July 2019

Matriliny is a system of kinship in which descent and inheritance are conferred along the female line. The theoretically influential concept of the matrilineal puzzle posits that matriliny poses special problems for understanding men's roles in matrilineal societies. Ethnographic work describes the puzzle as the tension experienced by men between the desire to exert control over their natal kin (i.e. the lineage to which they belong) and over their affinal kin (i.e. their spouses and their biological children). Evolutionary work frames the paradox as one resulting from a man investing in his nieces and nephews at the expense of his own biological offspring. In both cases, the rationale for the puzzle rests on two fundamental assumptions: (i) that men are in positions of authority over women and over resources; and (ii) that men are interested in the outcomes of parenting. In this paper, we posit a novel hypothesis that suggests that certain ecological conditions render men expendable within local kinship configurations, nullifying the above assumptions. This arises when (i) women, without significant assistance from men, are capable of meeting the subsistence needs of their families; and (ii) men have little to gain from parental investment in children. We conclude that the expendable male hypothesis may explain the evolution of matriliny in numerous cases, and by noting that female-centred approaches that call into doubt assumptions inherent to male-centred models of kinship are justified in evolutionary perspective.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
Lineal kinship organization in cross-specific perspective
Authors: Fortunato Laura 
Published: July 2019

I draw on insights from anthropology to outline a framework for the study of kinship systems that applies across animal species with biparental sexual reproduction. In particular, I define lineal kinship organization as a social system that emphasizes interactions among lineally related kin—that is, individuals related through females only, if the emphasis is towards matrilineal kin, and individuals related through males only, if the emphasis is towards patrilineal kin. In a given population, the emphasis may be expressed in one or more social domains, corresponding to pathways for the transmission of different resources across generations (e.g. the allocation of food, the transfer of access to the natal territory or household). A lineal bias in any domain can be viewed as a bias in investment towards a particular set of kin—specifically, towards the offspring of daughters if the bias is matrilineal, and towards the offspring of sons if the bias is patrilineal. Effectively, investment is restricted to the offspring of the females in the population in one case, and to the offspring of the males in the other. This is distinct from a bias in investment towards daughters and towards sons, respectively. Overall, I propose a shift in focus—from viewing matrilineal and patrilineal kinship as unitary phenomena, to consideration of the different aspects of the social system featuring a bias towards lineally related kin.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals
Authors: Mattison Siobhán M. , Shenk Mary K. , Thompson Melissa Emery , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique , Fortunato Laura 
Published: July 2019

Female-biased kinship (FBK) arises in numerous species and in diverse human cultures, suggesting deep evolutionary roots to female-oriented social structures. The significance of FBK has been debated for centuries in human studies, where it has often been described as difficult to explain. At the same time, studies of FBK in non-human animals point to its apparent benefits for longevity, social complexity and reproduction. Are female-biased social systems evolutionarily stable and under what circumstances? What are the causes and consequences of FBK? The purpose of this theme issue is to consolidate efforts towards understanding the evolutionary significance and stability of FBK in humans and other mammals. The issue includes broad theoretical and empirical reviews as well as specific case studies addressing the social and ecological correlates of FBK across taxa, time and space. It leverages a comparative approach to test existing hypotheses and presents novel arguments that aim to expand our understanding of how males and females negotiate kinship across diverse contexts in ways that lead to the expression of female biases in kinship behaviour and social structure.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.