bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient perspectives on the role of community pharmacists for antidepressant treatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Guillaumie Laurence , Ndayizigiye Alice , Beaucage Clément , Moisan Jocelyne , Grégoire Jean-Pierre , Villeneuve Denis , Lauzier Sophie 
Published: February 2018

Objectives: Patients prescribed antidepressant drug treatment (ADT) for major depression report several needs in relation to their treatment, and a large proportion of these patients will end ADT prematurely. Community pharmacists may play an important role in monitoring ADT and supporting these patients. However, little is known about patient experiences of the services provided in community pharmacies. The objectives of this study were to 1) explore patients’ experiences with the services community pharmacists provide for ADT and 2) identify potential avenues for improvement of pharmacists’ services within the context of ADT. Methods: A qualitative descriptive exploratory study was conducted among individuals diagnosed with major depression who had initiated ADT at some point in the 12 months prior to their participation in the study. A total of 14 persons recruited in a local health centre and a community-based organization participated in individual interviews. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted. Results: Pharmacists tend to concentrate their involvement in treatment at initiation and at the first refill when questions, uncertainties and side effects are major issues. Patients felt that the pharmacists’ contributions consisted of providing information and reassurance; in these respects, their needs were met. Participants had few ideas as to what additional services pharmacists could implement to improve patients’ experience with ADT. Patients’ sole expectations were that pharmacists extend this information role to the whole length of the treatment and enhance the confidentiality of discussions in pharmacy. Conclusion: Pharmacists should provide counselling throughout the entire treatment rather than passively waiting for patients to ask their questions. However, facilitation of open discussions may not be achieved unless confidentiality at pharmacies is secured.
Challenges of the pharmacological management of benzodiazepine withdrawal, dependence, and discontinuation
Authors: Fluyau Dimy , Revadigar Neelambika , Manobianco Brittany E. 
Published: February 2018

Background: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are among the most prescribed sedative hypnotics and among the most misused and abused medications by patients, in parallel with opioids. It is estimated that more than 100 million Benzodiazepine (BZD) prescriptions were written in the United States in 2009. While medically useful, BZDs are potentially dangerous. The co-occurring abuse of opioids and BZD, as well as increases in BZD abuse, tolerance, dependence, and short- and long-term side effects, have prompted a worldwide discussion about the challenging aspects of medically managing the discontinuation of BZDs. Abrupt cessation can cause death. This paper addresses the challenges of medications suggested for the management of BZD discontinuation, their efficacy, the risks of abuse and associated medical complications. The focus of this review is on the challenges of several medications suggested for the management of BZD discontinuation, their efficacy, the risks of abuse, and associated medical complications. Methods: An electronic search was performed of Medline, Worldwide Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed Central, and PubMed from 1990 to 2017. The review includes double-blind, placebo-controlled studies for the most part, open-label pilot studies, and animal studies, in addition to observational research. We expand the search to review articles, naturalistic studies, and to a lesser extent, letters to the editor/case reports. We exclude abstract and poster presentations, books, and book chapters. Results: The efficacy of these medications is not robust. While some of these medicines are relatively safe to use, some of them have a narrow therapeutic index, with severe, life-threatening side effects. Randomized studies have been limited. There is a paucity of comparative research. The review has several limitations. The quality of the documents varies according to whether they are randomized studies, nonrandomized studies, naturalistic studies, pilot studies, letters to the editors, or case reports. Conclusions: The use of medications for the discontinuation of BZDs seems appropriate. It is a challenge that requires further investigation through randomized clinical trials to maximize efficacy and to minimize additional risks and side effects.
Accuracy in local staging of prostate cancer by adding a three-dimensional T2-weighted sequence with radial reconstructions in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Jäderling Fredrik , Nyberg Tommy , Öberg Michael , Carlsson Stefan , Skorpil Mikael , Blomqvist Lennart 
Published: February 2018

Background The evidence supporting the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer detection has been established, but its accuracy in local staging is questioned. Purpose To investigate the additional value of multi-planar radial reconstructions of a three-dimensional (3D) T2-weighted (T2W) MRI sequence, intercepting the prostate capsule perpendicularly, for improving local staging of prostate cancer. Material and Methods Preoperative, bi-parametric prostate MRI examinations in 94 patients operated between June 2014 and January 2015 where retrospectively reviewed by two experienced abdominal radiologists. Each patient was presented in two separate sets including diffusion-weighted imaging, without and with the 3D T2W set that included radial reconstructions. Each set was read at least two months apart. Extraprostatic tumor extension (EPE) was assessed according to a 5-point grading scale. Sensitivity and specificity for EPE was calculated and presented as receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC), using histology from whole-mount prostate specimen as gold standard. Inter-rater agreement was calculated for the two different reading modes using Cohen’s kappa. Results The AUC for detection of EPE for Readers 1 and 2 in the two-dimensional (2D) set was 0.70 and 0.68, respectively, and for the 2D + 3D set 0.62 and 0.65, respectively. Inter-rater agreement (Reader 1 vs. Reader 2) on EPE using Cohen’s kappa for the 2D and 2D + 3D set, respectively, was 0.42 and 0.17 (i.e. moderate and poor agreement, respectively). Conclusion The addition of 3D T2W MRI with radial reconstructions did not improve local staging in prostate cancer.
Characteristics of people living in Italy after a cancer diagnosis in 2010 and projections to 2020
Authors: Guzzinati Stefano , Virdone Saverio , De Angelis Roberta , Panato Chiara , Buzzoni Carlotta , Capocaccia Riccardo , Francisci Silvia , Gigli Anna , Zorzi Manuel , Tagliabue Giovanna , Serraino Diego , Falcini Fabio , Casella Claudia , Russo Antonio Giampiero , Stracci Fabrizio , Caruso Bianca , Michiara Maria , Caiazzo Anna Luisa , Castaing Marine , Ferretti Stefano , Mangone Lucia , Rudisi Giuseppa , Sensi Flavio , Mazzoleni Guido , Pannozzo Fabio , Tumino Rosario , Fusco Mario , Ricci Paolo , Gola Gemma , Giacomin Adriano , Tisano Francesco , Candela Giuseppa , Fanetti Anna Clara , Pala Filomena , Sardo Antonella Sutera , Rugge Massimo , Botta Laura , Dal Maso Luigino 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background
Estimates of cancer prevalence are widely based on limited duration, often including patients living after a cancer diagnosis made in the previous 5 years and less frequently on complete prevalence (i.e., including all patients regardless of the time elapsed since diagnosis). This study aims to provide estimates of complete cancer prevalence in Italy by sex, age, and time since diagnosis for all cancers combined, and for selected cancer types. Projections were made up to 2020, overall and by time since diagnosis.

Methods
Data were from 27 Italian population-based cancer registries, covering 32% of the Italian population, able to provide at least 7 years of registration as of December 2009 and follow-up of vital status as of December 2013. The data were used to compute the limited-duration prevalence, in order to estimate the complete prevalence by means of the COMPREV software.

Results
In 2010, 2,637,975 persons were estimated to live in Italy after a cancer diagnosis, 1.2 million men and 1.4 million women, or 4.6% of the Italian population. A quarter of male prevalent cases had prostate cancer (n = 305,044), while 42% of prevalent women had breast cancer (n = 604,841). More than 1.5 million people (2.7% of Italians) were alive since 5 or more years after diagnosis and 20% since ≥15 years. It is projected that, in 2020 in Italy, there will be 3.6 million prevalent cancer cases (+ 37% vs 2010). The largest 10-year increases are foreseen for prostate (+ 85%) and for thyroid cancers (+ 79%), and for long-term survivors diagnosed since 20 or more years (+ 45%). Among the population aged ≥75 years, 22% will have had a previous cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions
The number of persons living after a cancer diagnosis is estimated to rise of approximately 3% per year in Italy. The availability of detailed estimates and projections of the complete prevalence are intended to help the implementation of guidelines aimed to enhance the long-term follow-up of cancer survivors and to contribute their rehabilitation needs.
Influences of weight, age, gender, genetics, diseases, and ethnicity on bitterness perception: a narrative review of current methodological aspects
Authors: Shizukuda Satye , Marchini Julio Sergio , Adell Adriana , Santos Marcelo Alexandre , Brandao Camila Fernanda Cunha , Lima Cristiane Maria Martires , Cunha Selma Freire Carvalho , Itikawa Emerson Nobuyuki , Silvah Jose Henrique 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background
Bitterness perception seems to be related to an enhanced intake of dietary fat and to a tendency to the development of diseases such as obesity. However, the exact factors for this possible contribution still need to be better investigated. So, gustatory perception of the bitter taste is a promising area of study because of its importance regarding food choices and consequently feeding behavior. Therefore, this short review focused on recent papers reporting correlations between bitter taste, anthropometric variables, obesity and other chronic diseases, age, gender, ethnicity, and genetics.

Methods
A survey was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scielo from September 2015 to January 2017. Only review articles, observational studies and clinical trials published in English and Portuguese over the last 15 years which met the objectives of the present study were considered. A total of 40 papers were evaluated.

Results
Two papers showed a positive correlation between bitter taste and obesity, one indicated that this correlation is influenced by the subject’s age, one suggested a negative correlation, and two found no association. Age seems to be negatively correlated with the bitterness perceived, and female gender was associated with a stronger perception of bitterness. Genetics, mostly due to differences in TAS2R38 expression, influences sensitivity to the bitter taste, feeding behavior and also alcohol intake. Ethnicity, not only the subject’s phenotypic or genotypic characteristics, seems to play a role in taste perception and nutritional diseases.

Conclusions
Age, gender, genetics and ethnicity seem to play a role in bitterness perception. Data about associations between bitterness perception and anthropometrics are conflicting.
Delivering targeted motivational interviewing to reduce alcohol-related harm in adolescents
Authors: Farley Lisa T , Harding Tracey A 
Published: February 2018

Aim: Investigating the effectiveness of targeted motivational interviewing (MI) as a brief intervention for reducing adolescent alcohol use and the associated health and social harms. Background: The implications of alcohol misuse are both far-reaching and cumulative, with alcohol-related harm identified as a major public health issue. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol. In response, both the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the World Health Organization advocate the delivery of brief interventions as a supportive harm reduction strategy. Methods: Multiple databases were searched to locate systematic reviews of RCTs published between 2006 and 2016. Studies were required to have used brief MI; specific to adolescent alcohol use and harm reduction. Results: Interventions based upon MI principles provided encouraging results, despite the utilisation of differing intervention designs, settings and outcome measures. Conclusions: Targeted MI can reduce adolescent alcohol consumption, frequency of use and the associated health and social harms. As leaders of the Healthy Child Programme (5–19), school nurses are well placed to deliver these interventions.
Uncomplicated use of vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy: two case reports
Authors: Lamb Carly , Boal Allan , Squires Seth , Naismith Graham 
Published: February 2018

Background: Vedolizumab is an anti-α4β7 integrin that is indicated for use in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. There is limited study into its safety and efficacy in pregnancy. We present two case reports, each with a successful pregnancy with vedolizumab-treated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Retrospective and observational study of two pregnant women with IBD who were treated with vedolizumab throughout pregnancy. Clinical information on both patients was collected from reading through electronically scanned patient notes and clinic letters. Information collected included: time and age of diagnosis, investigations, previous drug therapies tried, reasons for drug therapy failure, rationale for continuing vedolizumab throughout pregnancy, number of doses of vedolizumab received pre- and post-conception, disease severity throughout pregnancy, mode of delivery of baby and health of baby post-delivery. Information on the health of babies post-delivery and at time of writing was gathered by telephone conversation with both mothers. Results: In the two patients reported, vedolizumab use in the first and second trimester did not seem to negatively affect the outcome for both mother and baby. Both mothers had well-controlled IBD throughout pregnancy and delivered safely a healthy baby by elective caesarean section at term. At 8 and 4 months, both babies were noted to be healthy, with no congenital abnormality. Conclusions: In these two case reports, vedolizumab was safe and effective in both patient and baby. However, the use of vedolizumab in pregnancy requires further study.
Opportunities to participate in clinical trials: awareness among liver patients
Authors: Soady Ian , MacCabe Kevin , Bunch Graham , Hyde Alan , Rawlings Carol , Round Maria , Maguire Carmel , Hook Beverley , Burke Emma , Coughlan Linda , Quann Niamh , Mistry Liam , Hull Diana , Athwal Amrita Kaur 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: The rising burden of liver disease requires new treatment approaches. Clinical trials are one way forward. However, many patients are unaware that they may be eligible to enter a clinical trial. Methods: A survey was designed to determine if patients with liver disease were aware of opportunities to partake in trials. It was distributed to patients attending the University Hospitals Birmingham liver outpatient department over a 2-week period and to patients who had viral hepatitis. The data were collected and analysed. Results: The majority of respondents were White, male, and aged 45–64 years. A number of demographic trends in the frequency of invitations to, requests for and awareness of clinical trials were reported. Patients reported that health professionals were their predominant source of information about clinical trials. Discussion: While some patients expressed an interest in trials, a significant proportion had not been asked to take part, and a more detailed project is needed to determine why this is.
Effectiveness of a monofilament wound debridement pad at removing biofilm and slough:ex vivoand clinical performance
Authors: Schultz Gregory S. , Woo Kevin , Weir Dot , Yang Qingping 
Published: February 2018

Objective:Removal of slough and other devitalised tissue is an important step in biofilm-based wound care (BBWC) and wound bed preparation. Debridement is key to management of both slough and biofilm, and a number of methods are available to achieve this, including surgical/sharp and mechanical debridement. Developments have led to products indicated for debridement of wounds, including a sterile pad consisting of monofilament fibres. Our aim is to examine the effectiveness of a monofilament wound debridement pad (WDP), Debrisoft.Method:We assessed the WDP, in laboratory tests, for the removal of mature biofilm from porcine dermal tissue in an ex vivo model, and the clinical management of sloughy wounds that would benefit from debridement. We used the UPPER score to determine the superficial infection status.Results:The WDP was effective in removing biofilm from porcine dermal tissue. A case series of 10 patients with chronic wounds suggested that the WDP was beneficial in the removal of slough. All chronic wounds had slough and were cleaned weekly, for four weeks, using the MDP to achieve improved healing and a clean wound bed. The average wound size decreased from 8.09cm2at baseline to 2.3cm2at week four, with three wounds healed completely. Exudate was reduced, and the UPPER score improved in every patient.Conclusion:These results indicate that the WDP effectively debrides biofilm and slough, and contributes to care that follows the principles of wound bed preparation and BBWC.
An observational study of a superabsorbent polymer dressing evaluated by clinicians and patients
Authors: Barrett Simon , Callaghan Rosie , Chadwick Paul , Haycocks Sam , Rippon Mark , Stephen-Haynes Jackie , Simm Sue 
Published: February 2018

Objective: This open, non-comparative, multi-centre investigation examines the use of a new superabsorbent polymer (SAP) wound dressing used for exudate management (in medium-to-high exuding wounds) in a patient population with a variety of wound types. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the fluid management capabilities of the dressing. Method: Both acute and chronic wounds with moderate-to-high exudate production levels were assessed (over a period of two weeks) as requiring exudate management, with a SAP dressing, Zetuvit Plus (designated RespoSorb Super in other countries), as part of their normal treatment regimen. Clinicians recorded a subjective assessment of exudate management and its impact on periwound skin conditions. In addition, wound bed preparation, healing trajectory and pain level reduction were monitored to give an insight into the clinical implications of using this dressing. Data was also collected from clinicians and patients on clinical performance of the dressing. Results: The SAP dressing achieved ratings of ‘very good’/‘good’ (83% and 13%, respectively) in relation to its wound exudate handling properties. The dressing supported improved wound healing, reduced damage to and enhanced the status of the periwound skin. Pain levels were reduced and, as a consequence, patient reported outcomes were improved. Patients commented that the exudate handling capabilities of the dressing, its conformability and comfort allowed them to resume a semblance of normality in their life. All participating clinicians indicated that they would continue to use the SAP dressing. A sub-population cost analysis has highlighted that, when compared to alternative (historical) exudate management treatments, the SAP dressing was less expensive. The cost reduction arises from data that shows product use and frequency of dressing change (that impacts on nurse time) are both reduced. For the 10 patients evaluated, total costs were £2,491 and £1,312 before and during use, respectively; a saving of £1,179.00 (47%). Conclusion: The SAP dressing was well tolerated and shown to be effective in the management of moderate-to-high exudate. Consequently, the dressing supported improved healing, and reduced damage to periwound skin, leading to lower pain levels. Overall, both the patients and clinicians rated the SAP highly.
The New Professionalism? Charter Teachers’ Experiences and Qualities of the Teaching Profession
Authors: Torres A. Chris , Weiner Jennie 
Published: February 2018

While teacher professionalism remains a contested topic, scholars increasingly acknowledge the field has entered a “new professionalism” wherein its parameters are dictated by management and the organization rather than those within the occupation. Many argue that this shift has served to decrease teachers' sense of professionalism, efficacy and persistence. Simultaneously, no-excuses charter schools, considered to embrace this new professionalism, continue to proliferate. Yet little is known about how teachers within these schools view teaching and the qualities of teacher professionalism. To address this gap, we interviewed twenty new and novice teachers teaching in high profile charter organizations in the northeast such as Uncommon Schools, KIPP, MATCH, and Boston Collegiate. Our findings suggest that these teachers largely perceived their schools and the degree of professionalism positively. For example, teachers reported that their schools fostered teacher autonomy, professional accountability, and collaboration. However, their schools' high-accountability climates encouraged feelings of competition and caused teachers to question their efficacy, ultimately reinforcing views of teaching as a short-term endeavor. Finally, professional status and rewards were described as low with many teachers saying they felt underappreciated or undervalued. Our findings demonstrate how the climate of “new professionalism” can produce outcomes both consistent and in tension with efforts to professionalize teaching.
Corrosion inhibition of steel in phosphoric acid
Authors: Khadom Anees A. , Farhan Salah N. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhosphoric acid has been used in many industrial applications and can be in contact with a lot chemical and petrochemical equipment. Most of this equipment is made of steel alloys that may be damaged because of contact with acid. Corrosion inhibitors can be used for to protect steel alloys against several forms and various environments of corrosion. In this paper, the efficiency and applications of organic and inorganic inhibitors in different environments of phosphoric acid are investigated. More than 40 papers were collected and reviewed. Surveys of the stated works in phosphoric acid environments are documented. It was concluded that organic inhibitors performed as good corrosion inhibitors and are used widely. The use of inorganic inhibitors was limited. Most of studied inhibitors follow Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm, and the mechanism of the inhibition can be ascribed to the mixed effect on cathodic and anodic reactions. The synergistic effect was also addressed in the present work.