bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapie des schweren Asthmas im Kindesalter
Authors: Wetzke M. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Anteil von Patienten mit schwerem Asthma wird auf <5 % aller Kinder und Jugendlichen mit Asthma bronchiale geschätzt. Bei ihnen besteht trotz hochdosierter Therapie keine oder nur unzureichende Kontrolle über die Erkrankung, was mit einer signifikanten Morbidität und Einschränkung der Lebensqualität assoziiert ist und einen Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung im späteren Lebensalter darstellt. Eine strukturierte, multidisziplinäre Evaluation der Patienten sollte zunächst die Diagnose Asthma bestätigen und eine angemessene Therapieadhärenz sichern. Des Weiteren sollten mögliche Komorbiditäten und aggravierende Faktoren identifiziert und ggf. behandelt bzw. eliminiert werden. Wird unter gesicherter Kombinationstherapie aus ICD und LABA und/oder LTRA keine Erkrankungskontrolle erreicht, steht Patienten mit allergischem Asthma Omalizumab als Therapieoption zur Verfügung. Jüngst wurde zudem Tiotropium als langwirksames Anticholinergikum zugelassen. Eine Dauertherapie mit systemischen Steroiden sollte vermieden werden. In Zukunft werden personalisierte Therapieansätze mit Biologika (z. B. anti- IL-5) die Behandlungsoptionen bei schwerem Asthma ergänzen.
Characteristics of sports participation and psychosocial health in children: Results of a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Moeijes Janet , Van Busschbach Jooske T. , Lockhart Krista L. , Bosscher Ruud J. , Twisk Jos W. R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that sports participation is beneficial for psychosocial health. There is, however, only a limited number of studies about the relationship of specific characteristics of sports participation with psychosocial health. The present study investigated associations between characteristics of sports participation and three aspects of psychosocial health, i.e. internalising problems, externalising problems and prosocial behaviour. The examined characteristics of sports participation pertained to individual versus team sports, indoor versus outdoor sports, involvement in competition or not, and contact sports versus non‐contact sports. Cross‐sectional data were collected from 1768 Dutch children aged 10–12 years who were member of a sports club. These children completed the Movement and Sports Monitor Questionnaire Youth aged 8–12 years (MSMQ) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Linear multilevel analyses and logistic generalised estimating equation were conducted. Children participating in team sports, outdoor sports, or competition showed fewer internalising problems than children engaged in individual sports, indoor sports, or only training. The associations with internalising problems were stronger for boys than for girls. Children participating in non‐contact sports showed fewer externalising problems than children performing non‐contact sports as well as contact sports. Children practising indoor sports or non‐contact sports showed better prosocial behaviour than children doing outdoor or contact sports. In conclusion, the form of sports participation seemed to matter highly with respect to internalising problems, especially for boys, and, to a lesser extent, with respect to externalising problems and prosocial behaviour. This offers starting points for developing tailor‐made sports programmes for children.
Food Insecurity and Terrorism
Authors: Adelaja Adesoji , George Justin , Miyahara Takashi , Penar Eva 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between food insecurity and terrorism for a cross country panel sample. Using an instrumental variable approach, we empirically find that greater food availability is associated with greater incidence of terrorism, but better food access is associated with reduced terrorism activities. The relationship is robust across alternate estimators and terrorism measures. By providing additional insights on the effects of specific food insecurity dimensions on terrorism, our findings support the growing number of policies and efforts to enhance global security through food security.
Perceived Stress and Fecundability: A Preconception Cohort Study of North American Couples
Authors: Wesselink Amelia K , Hatch Elizabeth E , Rothman Kenneth J , Weuve Jennifer L , Aschengrau Ann , Song Rebecca J , Wise Lauren A 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile some epidemiologic studies support the hypothesis that stress can adversely affect fertility, few prospective studies have assessed the association in couples from the general population. We used data from Pregnancy Study Online, a web-based preconception cohort study of pregnancy planners from the United States and Canada (2013–2018), to examine the association between women’s and men’s perceived stress levels prior to conception and fecundability. Women (aged 21–45 years) and their male partners (aged ≥21 years) who were attempting conception without fertility treatment were eligible. We measured perceived stress using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). We ascertained pregnancy information using bimonthly follow-up questionnaires of female participants. We followed 4,769 couples until self-reported pregnancy, initiation of fertility treatment, loss to follow-up, or 12 menstrual cycles of attempt time, whichever came first. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for potential confounders. Higher PSS scores among the women were associated with slight reductions in fecundability (comparing PSS scores of ≥25 vs. <10, fecundability ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.74, 1.02). PSS scores among the men were not substantially associated with fecundability.
Incorporating historical models with adaptive Bayesian updates
Authors: Boonstra Philip S , Barbaro Ryan P 
Published: August 2018

Summary
This article considers Bayesian approaches for incorporating information from a historical model into a current analysis when the historical model includes only a subset of covariates currently of interest. The statistical challenge is 2-fold. First, the parameters in the nested historical model are not generally equal to their counterparts in the larger current model, neither in value nor interpretation. Second, because the historical information will not be equally informative for all parameters in the current analysis, additional regularization may be required beyond that provided by the historical information. We propose several novel extensions of the so-called power prior that adaptively combine a prior based upon the historical information with a variance-reducing prior that shrinks parameter values toward zero. The ideas are directly motivated by our work building mortality risk prediction models for pediatric patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We have developed a model on a registry-based cohort of ECMO patients and now seek to expand this model with additional biometric measurements, not available in the registry, collected on a small auxiliary cohort. Our adaptive priors are able to use the information in the original model and identify novel mortality risk factors. We support this with a simulation study, which demonstrates the potential for efficiency gains in estimation under a variety of scenarios.
A Polygenic Score for Higher Educational Attainment is Associated with Larger Brains
Authors: Elliott Maxwell L , Belsky Daniel W , Anderson Kevin , Corcoran David L , Ge Tian , Knodt Annchen , Prinz Joseph A , Sugden Karen , Williams Benjamin , Ireland David , Poulton Richie , Caspi Avshalom , Holmes Avram , Moffitt Terrie , Hariri Ahmad R 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
People who score higher on intelligence tests tend to have larger brains. Twin studies suggest the same genetic factors influence both brain size and intelligence. This has led to the hypothesis that genetics influence intelligence partly by contributing to the development of larger brains. We tested this hypothesis using four large imaging genetics studies (combined N = 7965) with polygenic scores derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment, a correlate of intelligence. We conducted meta-analysis to test associations among participants’ genetics, total brain volume (i.e., brain size), and cognitive test performance. Consistent with previous findings, participants with higher polygenic scores achieved higher scores on cognitive tests, as did participants with larger brains. Participants with higher polygenic scores also had larger brains. We found some evidence that brain size partly mediated associations between participants’ education polygenic scores and their cognitive test performance. Effect sizes were larger in the population-based samples than in the convenience-based samples. Recruitment and retention of population-representative samples should be a priority for neuroscience research. Findings suggest promise for studies integrating GWAS discoveries with brain imaging to understand neurobiology linking genetics with cognitive performance.
Lower Pretreatment Gut Integrity Is Independently Associated With Fat Gain on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: El Kamari Vanessa , Moser Carlee , Hileman Corrilynn O , Currier Judith S , Brown Todd T , Johnston Liz , Hunt Peter W , McComsey Grace A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Fat accumulation and insulin resistance remain a threat to the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The role of gut dysfunction in metabolic complications associated with ART initiation is unclear.

Methods
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected ART-naive participants were randomized to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or raltegravir (RAL). Changes in the gut integrity markers zonulin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and intestinal fatty acid and ileal bile acid binding proteins (I-FABP and I-BABP) were assessed over 96 weeks. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare changes between groups and linear regression models to quantify associations between gut markers, insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI), and visceral, subcutaneous, and total adipose tissue (VAT, SAT, and TAT).

Results
: 90% were male and 48% were White non-Hispanic. The median age was 36 years, HIV-1 ribonucleic acid was 4.56 log10 copies/mL, and CD4 count was 338 cells/µL. An overall 1.7-fold increase in I-FABP was observed throughout 96 weeks, with no difference between arms. Zonulin levels increased with RAL compared to protease inhibitor–based regimens (week 96, P = .02); minimal changes in I-BABP or LBP levels were observed. Higher baseline I-FABP levels were associated with increases in VAT, TAT, and BMI (16%, 9%, and 2.5%, respectively; P < .04) over 96 weeks.

Conclusions
While ART induces changes in the markers of gut barrier dysfunction, the extent to which they improve or worsen the gut barrier function remains unclear. Nevertheless, markers of gut barrier dysfunction in ART-naive individuals predict increases in total and visceral abdominal fat with treatment initiation.
Coupling strategies in multiparameter geophysical joint inversion
Authors: Colombo Daniele , Rovetta Diego 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYA big potential lies in the quantitative integration of multiple geophysical measurements for what concerns more unique and robust inversion results, complementary sensitivity to geological features and enhanced resolution. The mechanisms that enable such integration typically rely on statistics where the multiphysics parameter values are related to each other through regression functions (rock physics) or through the shape of the parameter spatial distributions (structure). Such coupling operators are jointly minimized with the data misfit to obtain coupled parameter distributions. We explore the application of various coupling mechanisms to synthetic and real data comprising seismic and electromagnetic measurements acquired in complex geological conditions such as salt geology and complex near surface in desert environment. Two types of structure operators, consisting of the standard cross-gradient and a newly introduced summative gradient, together with rock-physics operators are tested and combined for velocity model reconstruction of salt overburden in a marine environment and in a complex near surface case. Results of seismic-EM joint minimization suggest that the summative gradient operator with the introduction of the sign of the gradient correlation provides a strong coupling mechanism that can become advantageous in the presence of noise-affected seismic data. The rock-physics coupling mechanism is extremely strong and its effectiveness depends primarily on the reliability of the rock-physics relation. A Bayesian approach for the rock-physics operator is introduced to balance the related uncertainties and it is successfully tested in a joint minimization scheme. The combined use of rock-physics and structure coupling operators provides the best results in synthetic and real data applications. The use and combination of various regularization operators, as described, provide a formidable toolbox for solving a wide variety of ill-posed and non-unique geophysical inverse problems.
Osteoarthritis and risk of mortality in the USA: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Mendy Angelico , Park JuYoung , Vieira Edgar Ramos 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, but its association with mortality is unclear.

Methods
We analysed data on adult participants in the 1988–94 and 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, followed for mortality through 2011. OA was defined by self-report, and in a subset of participants 60 years or older with knee X-rays, radiographic knee OA (RKOA) was defined as Kellgren–Lawrence score ≥2. Cox proportional hazards were used to determine the mortality hazard ratio (HR) associated with self-reported OA and RKOA, adjusting for covariates.

Results
The sample included 51 938 participants followed for a median 8.9 years; 2589 of them had knee X-rays and were followed for a median of 13.6 years. Self-reported OA and RKOA prevalences were 6.6% and 40.6%, respectively. Self-reported OA was not associated with mortality. RKOA was associated with an increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) {HR 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 1.64]}, diabetes [HR 2.04 (1.87, 2.23)] and renal diseases [HR 1.14 (1.04, 1.25)], but with a reduced risk of cancer mortality [HR 0.88 (0.80, 0.96)]. Participants with early RKOA onset (diagnosed before age 40) had a higher risk of mortality from all causes [HR 1.53 (1.43, 1.65)] and from diabetes [HR 7.18 (5.45, 9.45)]. Obese participants with RKOA were at increased risk of mortality from CVD [HR 1.89 (1.56, 2.29)] and from diabetes [HR: 3.42 (3.01, 3.88)].

Conclusions
Self-reported OA was not associated with mortality. RKOA was associated with higher CVD, diabetes and renal mortality, especially in people with early onset of the disease or with obesity.
Intracranial Pressure Trajectories: A Novel Approach to Informing Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Phenotypes*
Authors: Jha Ruchira M. , Elmer Jonathan , Zusman Benjamin E. , Desai Shashvat , Puccio Ava M. , Okonkwo David O. , Park Seo Young , Shutter Lori A. , Wallisch Jessica S. , Conley Yvette P. , Kochanek Patrick M. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:Intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury is dynamic and influenced by factors like injury patterns, treatments, and genetics. Existing studies use time invariant summary intracranial pressure measures thus potentially losing critical information about temporal trends. We identified longitudinal intracranial pressure trajectories in severe traumatic brain injury and evaluated whether they predicted outcome. We further interrogated the model to explore whetherABCC8polymorphisms (a known cerebraledema regulator) differed across trajectory groups.Design:Prospective observational cohort.Setting:Single-center academic medical center.Patients:Four-hundred four severe traumatic brain injury patients.Interventions:None.Measurements and Main Results:We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify hourly intracranial pressure trajectories in days 0–5 post traumatic brain injury incorporating risk factor adjustment (age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale 6score, craniectomy, primary hemorrhage pattern). We compared 6-month outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale, Disability Rating Scale, mortality) andABCC8tag-single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with cerebral edema (rs2237982, rs7105832) across groups. Regression models determined whether trajectory groups predicted outcome. A six trajectory group model best fit the data, identifying cohorts differing in initial intracranial pressure, evolution, and number/proportion of spikes greater than 20 mm Hg. There were pattern differences in age, hemorrhage type, and craniectomy rates.ABCC8polymorphisms differed across groups. GOS (p= 0.006), Disability Rating Scale (p= 0.001), mortality (p< 0.0001), and rs2237982 (p= 0.035) differed across groups. Unfavorable outcomes were surprisingly predicted by both low intracranial pressure trajectories and sustained intracranial hypertension. Intracranial pressure variability differed across groups (p< 0.001) and may reflect preserved/impaired intracranial elastance/compliance.Conclusions:We employed a novel approach investigating longitudinal/dynamic intracranial pressure patterns in traumatic brain injury. In a risk adjusted model, six groups were identified and predicted outcomes. If validated, trajectory modeling may be a first step toward developing a new, granular approach for intracranial pressure phenotyping in conjunction with other phenotyping tools like biomarkers and neuroimaging. This may be particularly relevant in light of changing traumatic brain injury demographics toward the elderly.
Collection of Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Standard Set Variables: Establishing a Baseline
Authors: Citron Isabelle , Ganske Ingrid , Massenburg Benjamin B. , Doyle Michael , Meara John G. , Rogers-Vizena Carolyn R. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The International Consortium for Healthcare Outcomes Measurement recently published a consensus Standard Set of clinical and patient-centered metrics to measure outcomes for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). This study aims to evaluate how the Standard Set compares to existing data collected to anticipate the impact that the Standard Set may have on quality and quantity of outcome data.

Methods:
Extraction of the Standard Set data points was attempted retrospectively for all nonsyndromic patients with bilateral cleft lip and/or palate who underwent primary lip and/or palate repair by a single surgeon (JGM) between June 2007 and June 2014.

Results:
Bilateral cleft lip repair was performed on 32 patients of which 29 also underwent palate repair. All but one of the baseline demographic and phenotypic variables were available. All perioperative variables were collected, but data quality was heterogeneous. There were no early complications. At 5 years, 29.6% of patients were lost to follow-up; however, a degree of data was available on 11 of the 12 clinical metrics for those remaining. Of patients with Veau IV cleft palate and follow-up at age 5, 1 patient (6.7%) had an oronasal fistula and 1 had velopharyngeal incompetence requiring Furlow palatoplasty (6.7%). No patient-reported data were collected for any time point.

Conclusion:
Prospective collection of the International Consortium for Healthcare Outcomes Measurement Standard Set will improve consistency of clinical data and add the patient perspective currently lacking in outcome measures collected for patients with bilateral cleft.
Donor-Site Morbidity and Functional Status following Medial Femoral Condyle Flap Harvest
Authors: Mehio Ghassan , Morsy Mohamed , Cayci Cenk , Sabbagh M. Diya , Shin Alexander Y. , Bishop Allen T. , Moran Steven L. , Carlsen Brian T. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The medial femoral condyle free vascularized bone flap is a valuable alternative to other types of vascularized bone grafts. The donor-site morbidity and functional outcomes after flap harvest have not been fully appreciated. The authors report the postoperative outcomes and analyze the impact of increasing the size of the flap on knee donor-site morbidity.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent medial femoral condyle flap surgery between 2001 and 2012 at their institution was performed. The size of the flap was stratified, based on the largest dimension, into three groups. Demographics, outcomes, and complications related to the flap donor site were recorded and analyzed. Subsequently, functional status was assessed by administering a validated condition-specific measure. A univariate logistic regression analysis was performed, and results were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 75 patients were identified. Average age was 29.5 ± 15.2 years. Average follow-up time was 13 months. The overall complication rate was 18.6 percent. Paresthesia in the saphenous nerve distribution was the most common complication. Increasing the size of the flap resulted in a significant elevation in complication risk (p < 0.05). A total of 47 patients completed the Lower Extremity Functional Scale questionnaire. The average Lower Extremity Functional Scale score was 72.12 ± 14.18. Fifty-one percent (n = 24) scored 80 points, indicating a normal level of function on average.

Conclusions:
The medial femoral condyle flap has overall acceptable donor-site morbidity, with a good level of function postoperatively. Larger flaps are associated with a greater number of complications.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Feed-forward regulation adaptively evolves via dynamics rather than topology when there is intrinsic noise
Authors: Xiong Kun , Lancaster Alex K. , Siegal Mark L. , Masel Joanna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe develop a null model of the evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks, and use it to support an adaptive origin for a canonical “motif”, a 3-node feed-forward loop (FFL) hypothesized to filter out short spurious signals by integrating information from a fast and a slow pathway. Our mutational model captures the intrinsically high prevalence of weak affinity transcription factor binding sites. We also capture stochasticity and delays in gene expression that distort external signals and intrinsically generate noise. Functional FFLs evolve readily under selection for the hypothesized function, but not in negative controls. Interestingly, a 4-node “diamond” motif also emerged as a short spurious signal filter. The diamond uses expression dynamics rather than path length to provide fast and slow pathways. When there is no external spurious signal to filter out, but only internally generated noise, only the diamond and not the FFL evolves.