bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgeon Oriented Preoperative Radiologic Evaluation in Cochlear Implantation - Our experience with a Proposed Checklist
Authors: Mandour Mahmoud , Tomoum Mohammed , El Zayat Saad , Hamad Hisham , Amer Mohamed 
Published: May 2018

Introduction Preoperative temporal bone imaging studies have been routinely performed prior to cochlear implantation. Radiologists need to report these examinations with special focus on the surgeon's expectations.
Objectives To provide a basic structured format, in the form of a checklist, for reporting preoperative computed tomography (CT) and to its clinical impact on operative findings.
Methods The preoperative temporal bone CT scans of 47 patients were analyzed and reported according to the proposed checklist. Intraoperative assessment of mastoidectomy, posterior tympanotomy and round window access was done by the surgeon in a blinded fashion and were correlated with the radiological findings to assess its significance.
Results The proposed radiological checklist was reliable in assessing operative difficulty during cochlear implantation. Contracted mastoid and lower tegmen position were associated with a greater difficulty of the cortical mastoidectomy. Presence of an air cell around the facial nerve (FN) was predictive of easier facial recess access exposure. Facial nerve location and posterior external auditory canal (EAC) wall inclination were predictive of difficult round window (RW) accessibility.
Conclusion Certain parameters on the preoperative temporal bone CT scan may be useful in predicting potential difficulties encountered during the key steps involved in cochlear implant surgery.
The development of a tournament preparation framework for competitive golf: A Delphi study
Authors: Pilgrim Jarred , Kremer Peter , Robertson Samuel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTournament preparation in golf is used by players to increase course knowledge, develop strategy, optimise playing conditions and facilitate self‐regulation. It is not known whether specific behaviours in tournament preparation should be given priority in education and practice at different stages of competition. This study aimed to achieve consensus on the importance of specific tournament preparation behaviours or “items” to players of five competitive levels. A two‐round Delphi study was used, including an expert panel of 36 coaches, high‐performance staff, players and academics. Participants were asked to score the relative importance of 48 items to players using a 5‐point Likert‐type scale. For an item to achieve consensus, 67% agreement was required in two adjacent score categories. Consensus was reached for 46 items and these were used to develop a ranked framework for each competitive level. The developed framework provides consensus‐based guidelines of the behaviours that are perceived as important in tournament preparation. This framework could be used by national sport organisations to guide the development of more comprehensive learning environments for players and coaches. It could also direct future studies examining the critical behaviours for golfers across different competitive levels.
Input Use under Crop Insurance: The Role of Actual Production History
Authors: Mieno Taro , Walters Cory G. , Fulginiti Lilyan E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe impact of crop insurance on changes in input use has attracted much attention by economists. While there are a number of studies on this topic, they frame moral hazard in inputs use in a static model. However, when agricultural producers are forward‐looking, they would make input allocation decisions realizing that their decisions would affect their future actual production history. This, in turn, affects the probability and size of future indemnity payments. Thus, moral hazard should be framed in a dynamic input use decision model. We first show theoretically that under certain feasible conditions, a static analysis always results in lower optimal input use when compared to a dynamic one with endogenous actual production history. This is because static models fail to recognize the role of actual production history. We then run numerical simulations using nitrogen application rates as a case study. We find that static models indicate significant reduction in nitrogen use compared to the no‐insurance scenario, whereas the dynamic models with a role for actual production history indicate almost no reduction in applied nitrogen. The dynamic analysis not only suggests a near absence of moral hazard, but, for low coverage rates, it results in an optimal nitrogen rate higher than that under the no‐insurance scenario. These findings illustrate the importance of recognizing the role of actual production history in mitigating moral hazard possibilities in crop insurance and the dynamic nature of moral hazard in crop insurance.
Regulatory variants: from detection to predicting impact
Authors: Rojano Elena , Seoane Pedro , Ranea Juan A G , Perkins James R 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Variants within non-coding genomic regions can greatly affect disease. In recent years, increasing focus has been given to these variants, and how they can alter regulatory elements, such as enhancers, transcription factor binding sites and DNA methylation regions. Such variants can be considered regulatory variants. Concurrently, much effort has been put into establishing international consortia to undertake large projects aimed at discovering regulatory elements in different tissues, cell lines and organisms, and probing the effects of genetic variants on regulation by measuring gene expression. Here, we describe methods and techniques for discovering disease-associated non-coding variants using sequencing technologies. We then explain the computational procedures that can be used for annotating these variants using the information from the aforementioned projects, and prediction of their putative effects, including potential pathogenicity, based on rule-based and machine learning approaches. We provide the details of techniques to validate these predictions, by mapping chromatin–chromatin and chromatin–protein interactions, and introduce Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Associated Protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) technology, which has already been used in this field and is likely to have a big impact on its future evolution.
We also give examples of regulatory variants associated with multiple complex diseases. This review is aimed at bioinformaticians interested in the characterization of regulatory variants, molecular biologists and geneticists interested in understanding more about the nature and potential role of such variants from a functional point of views, and clinicians who may wish to learn about variants in non-coding genomic regions associated with a given disease and find out what to do next to uncover how they impact on the underlying mechanisms.
Counting One-Sided Simple Closed Geodesics on Fuchsian Thrice Punctured Projective Planes
Authors: Magee Michael 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We prove that there is a true asymptotic formula for the number of one-sided simple closed curves of length $\leq L$ on any Fuchsian real projective plane with three points removed. The exponent of growth is independent of the hyperbolic metric, and it is noninteger, in contrast to counting results of Mirzakhani for simple closed curves on orientable Fuchsian surfaces.
Management of children with congenital nephrotic syndrome: challenging treatment paradigms
Authors: Dufek Stephanie , Holtta Tuula , Trautmann Agnes , Ylinen Elisa , Alpay Harika , Ariceta Gema , Aufricht Christoph , Bacchetta Justine , Bakkaloglu Sevcan A , Bayazit Aysun , Cicek Rumeysa Yasemin , Dursun Ismail , Duzova Ali , Ekim Mesiha , Iancu Daniela , Jankauskiene Augustina , Klaus Günter , Paglialonga Fabio , Pasini Andrea , Printza Nikoleta , Said Conti Valerie , do Sameiro Faria Maria , Schmitt Claus Peter , Stefanidis Constantinos J , Verrina Enrico , Vidal Enrico , Vondrak Karel , Webb Hazel , Zampetoglou Argyroula , Bockenhauer Detlef , Edefonti Alberto , Shroff Rukshana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundManagement of children with congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is challenging. Bilateral nephrectomies followed by dialysis and transplantation are practiced in most centres, but conservative treatment may also be effective.MethodsWe conducted a 6-year review across members of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology Dialysis Working Group to compare management strategies and their outcomes in children with CNS.ResultsEighty children (50% male) across 17 tertiary nephrology units in Europe were included (mutations in NPHS1, n = 55; NPHS2, n = 1; WT1, n = 9; others, n = 15). Excluding patients with mutations in WT1, antiproteinuric treatment was given in 42 (59%) with an increase in S-albumin in 70% by median 6 (interquartile range: 3–8) g/L (P < 0.001). Following unilateral nephrectomy, S-albumin increased by 4 (1–8) g/L (P = 0.03) with a reduction in albumin infusion dose by 5 (2–9) g/kg/week (P = 0.02). Median age at bilateral nephrectomies (n = 29) was 9 (7–16) months. Outcomes were compared between two groups of NPHS1 patients: those who underwent bilateral nephrectomies (n = 25) versus those on conservative management (n = 17). The number of septic or thrombotic episodes and growth were comparable between the groups. The response to antiproteinuric treatment, as well as renal and patient survival, was independent of NPHS1 mutation type. At final follow-up (median age 34 months) 20 (80%) children in the nephrectomy group were transplanted and 1 died. In the conservative group, 9 (53%) remained without dialysis, 4 (24%; P < 0.001) were transplanted and 2 died.ConclusionAn individualized, stepwise approach with prolonged conservative management may be a reasonable alternative to early bilateral nephrectomies and dialysis in children with CNS and NPHS1 mutations. Further prospective studies are needed to define indications for unilateral nephrectomy.
Pediatric Supratentorial Ependymoma: Surgical, Clinical, and Molecular Analysis
Authors: Lillard Jock C , Venable Garrett T , Khan Nickalus R , Tatevossian Ruth G , Dalton James , Vaughn Brandy N , Klimo Paul 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pediatric supratentorial ependymomas (SEs) have distinct molecular and behavioral differences from their infratentorial counterparts.

OBJECTIVE
To present our experience with pediatric SEs over a 24-yr period.

METHODS
Clinical, operative, and radiographic information was abstracted retrospectively. Our primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Detection of C11orf95-RELA rearrangement was performed using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH).

RESULTS
Seventy-three patients were identified (41 female, 32 male); median age was 6.7 yrs (range, 1 mo-18.8 yr); median follow-up was 8.3 yrs (range, 2.0-26.3). Fifty-eight (79.5%) of 73 patients underwent gross total resection (GTR); no patient with subtotal resection had greater than 1 cm3 of residual tumor; 42 patients (57.5%) experienced subsequent disease progression with 17 patients ultimately dying of their disease. Median PFS was 3.7 yrs. Molecular analysis was available for 51 patients (70%). On bivariate analysis, PFS and OS were not statistically affected by age, tumor grade, or extent of resection, although there was a clinically significant trend for the latter in favor of aggressive resection on PFS (P = .061). Children with RELA fusion had significantly higher PFS (P = .013) than those without, although there was no difference in OS when compared with those with no C11orf95-RELA fusion or C11orf95 gene rearrangement alone.

CONCLUSION
In our series, GTR may be associated with better PFS, but did not impact OS. Surprisingly, RELA fusion was not found to be a negative prognostic factor, raising the possibility that the deleterious effects may be overcome by aggressive resection.
Advice in Mentoring Relationships in Organizations
Authors: Kim Do-Yeong , Son Sujin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis chapter advances understanding of the advice-taking behavior of protégés during the mentoring process in organizations. First, it reviews the extant literature regarding mentoring relationships in general. Next, it examines the possible key factors that influence protégés’ advice-taking behavior in mentoring relationships. Finally, it discusses directions for future research. Possible key factors influencing protégés’ advice-taking behavior in mentoring relationships are suggested, including mentor characteristics (mentor status and learning-goal orientation), protégé characteristics (cultural orientation and learning goal-orientation), and relational characteristics (relationship quality and trust in mentors).
Advice in the Workplace
Authors: Bonaccio Silvia , Paik Jihyun Esther 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This chapter reviews research related to the role of advice in workplace interactions. Indeed, advice is a ubiquitous aspect of work processes, and it is commonly sought, purchased, and received. The chapter first defines advice, reviews the benefits of advice taking, and explain findings related to advice discounting. In discussing factors that influence such behavior, the focus is on advisor characteristics (e.g., expertise, intentions, and confidence) and then on psychological states and traits of the decision maker that influence the receipt of advice. Next, the chapter discusses topics that are particularly important in the context of workplace relationship in relation to the aforementioned factors, which include seeking and purchasing advice, advisor motives, unsolicited advice, and withholding advice. The chapter concludes with methodological observations and ideas for future research, as well as with advice on giving advice.
Advice Giving and Advice Resistance on Telephone Helplines
Authors: Hepburn Alexa , Shaw Chloe , Potter Jonathan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis chapter overviews research on advice in telephone helplines and considers some of the implications for application. It shows that by working with some basic features of advice delivery highlighted by conversation analysts, we can start to understand several elements of the different ways in which advice can be delivered. This also applied to some of the ways in which resistance is built. With respect to helplines, call takers typically are highly knowledgeable about the technical arena in which the call center is based, whereas callers have primary access to their financial situation, housing, locality, and all the myriad details of their lives. The chapter shows how these knowledge asymmetries and other delicate moral implications of giving and receiving advice, such as the way it imposes on recipients some future action that is appropriate, beneficial, required, and so on, can have important effects on both advice delivery and resistance.
Business Advice
Authors: Bonner Bryan , Meikle Nathan L. , Bain Kristin , Shannahan Daniel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This chapter frames the transfer of advice as a special case of traditional cooperative decision making, in which group members proffer preferences (advice) to one another as a means of reaching consensus. Although the transfer of advice differs from group decision making on a number of acknowledged factors, the underlying processes of the two are analogous, such that the group decision-making literature can usefully inform the study of advice. Using this theoretical perspective, the chapter examines how advice is offered and accepted as a function of demonstrability—that is, the degree to which a decision environment facilitates shared conceptual systems, the willingness and ability to include the input of others in one’s decision making, and the willingness and ability of those with expertise to attempt to transfer their knowledge to others. This understanding is then applied to two cases: the craft beer industry and travel hacking. Best practices in business are discussed.
Advice in Families
Authors: Hill Cassandra Carlson 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines what is known and what requires further exploration in research on advice in family communication. Research about advice in families is largely drawn from human development, family therapy, and psychology, with only a few studies grounded in theories of advice and family communication. This chapter provides a synthetic review of this research, emphasizing who provides advice and how it functions across different types of familial relationships. The chapter also highlights relevant theoretical frameworks, including advice response theory, the integrated model of advice, and family systems theory. Finally, the chapter offers guidance specifically relevant to family members giving and receiving advice.
Timbrality
Authors: van Elferen Isabella 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Timbre is both an unstable object and an ungraspable Kantian thing-in-itself: in fact, it resides in the space between those opposites. A theory of timbre, therefore, has to be inclusive rather than dualist: tone color bridges the gap between material origins and immaterial effects of musical sonority, and with that, the gap between the realism and the idealism informing music epistemological debates. This chapter aims to achieve such theoretical inclusiveness. It links timbral ontology and phenomenology by way of vibratory acoulogy and vital materialism. It argues that timbre is a vibration of sound waves crossing over from instruments to our listening bodies, and that the energy carried by those vibrating sound waves can be theorized as an affectively powerful vitality interacting with musical assemblages of humans and non-humans.
A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of Cognitive Strategies and Academic Development
Authors: Alexander Patricia A. , Peterson Emily Grossnickle , Dumas Denis G. , Hattan Courtney 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article offers a retrospective and prospective analysis of the role of cognitive strategies in students’ academic development over the past 25 years. The focus is on those processes that individuals employ to advance their own learning and understanding (learning strategies) and, to a lesser degree, those procedures applied to regulate and monitor that learning and understanding (metacognitive or self-regulatory strategies). Drawing on a groundbreaking review from 1988, the article examines how students’ epistemic beliefs—their beliefs about knowing and knowledge—may affect strategic engagement. It also considers students’ motivations or emotions that accompany learning and academic development and, therefore, strategic processing. Finally, it describes strategies associated with online learning, the barriers to being strategic in classrooms, and situations in which teachers and students can foster strategic thinking.
Gabapentin for the Treatment of Vulvodynia
Authors: Brown Candace S. , Bachmann Gloria A. , Wan Jim , Foster David C. ,   for the Gabapentin (GABA) Study Group
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether extended-release gabapentin is more effective than placebo among women with vulvodynia.

METHODS:
In a multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial, gabapentin (1,200–3,000 mg/d) was compared with a placebo. The primary outcome was mean pain intensity (0, no pain at all to 10, worst pain ever) on the tampon test (a standardized tampon insertion and removal test used as a surrogate marker for dyspareunia) during the last 7 days of the maintenance phase. Secondary outcomes included sexual intercourse pain and daily pain. A sample size of 53 provided 90% power to detect a 1-point reduction on the tampon test (.05 level, two-sided) between the two treatment phases.

RESULTS:
From August 2012 to January 2016, 230 women were screened at three academic institutions and 89 (mean age 37 years; 65% black) were randomized: 45 to gabapentin first and then placebo and 44 to placebo first and then gabapentin. Tampon test pain with gabapentin was not different compared with the placebo (adjusted mean 4.0, 95% CI 3.0–4.9 vs 4.3, 95% CI 3.4–5.2, difference −0.3, 95% CI −0.7 to 0.0; P=.07). Gabapentin also did not improve pain over placebo for sexual intercourse pain (adjusted mean 3.9, 95% CI 2.4–5.3 vs 4.0, 95% CI 2.5–5.4, difference −0.1, 95% CI −0.9 to 0.6; P=.76) and daily pain (adjusted mean 2.7, 95% CI 1.8–3.6 vs 2.9, 95% CI 2.0–3.8, difference −0.2, 95% CI −0.5 to −0.2; P=.36). Subset analyses found that longer pain duration and oral contraceptive nonuse were associated with minimal improvement in tampon test pain with gabapentin.

CONCLUSION:
In this cohort, extended-release gabapentin, as compared with a placebo, did not reduce tampon test pain. These data do not support the recommendation of gabapentin alone as treatment for vulvodynia.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01301001.
Cost Determinants in the 90-Day Management of Isolated Ankle Fractures at a Large Urban Academic Hospital
Authors: Varacallo Matthew A. , Mattern Patrick , Acosta Jonathan , Toossi Nader , Denehy Kevin M. , Harding Susan P. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives:
To determine the independent risk factors associated with increasing costs and unplanned hospital readmissions in the 90-day episode of care (EOC) for isolated operative ankle fractures at our institution.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level I Trauma Center.

Patients:
Two hundred ninety-nine patients undergoing open reduction internal fixation for the treatment of an acute, isolated ankle fracture between 2010 and 2015.

Intervention:
None.

Main Outcome Measures:
Independent risk factors for increasing 90-day EOC costs and unplanned hospital readmission rates.

Results:
Orthopaedic (64.9%) and podiatry (35.1%) patients were included. The mean index admission cost was $14,048.65 ± $5,797.48. Outpatient cases were significantly cheaper compared to inpatient cases ($10,164.22 ± $3,899.61 vs. $15,942.55 ± $5,630.85, respectively, P < 0.001). Unplanned readmission rates were 5.4% (16/299) and 6.7% (20/299) at 30 and 90 days, respectively, and were often (13/20, 65.0%) due to surgical site infections. Independent risk factors for unplanned hospital readmissions included treatment by the podiatry service (P = 0.024) and an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of ≥3 (P = 0.017). Risk factors for increasing total postdischarge costs included treatment by the podiatry service (P = 0.011) and male gender (P = 0.046).

Conclusions:
Isolated operative ankle fractures are a prime target for EOC cost containment strategy protocols. Our institutional cost analysis study suggests that independent financial clinical risk factors in this treatment cohort includes podiatry as the treating surgical service and patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3, with the former also independently increasing total postdischarge costs in the 90-day EOC. Outpatient procedures were associated with about a one-third reduction in total costs compared to the inpatient subgroup.