bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision-Making Regarding Ventilator Support in Children with SMA Type 1—A Cross-Sectional Survey among Physicians
Authors: Pechmann Astrid , Langer Thorsten , Kirschner Janbernd 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle atrophy and severe proximal muscle weakness. In the absence of curative treatment, it has been controversial whether critically ill infants with SMA type 1 should receive ventilator support. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of decision-making regarding ventilator support in children with SMA type 1 from the perspectives of physicians. A web-based survey with 17 questions and 2 case vignettes was conducted in 671 physicians in Germany and Switzerland from 12/2016 to 03/2017. The survey focused on factors influencing the decision about ventilator support and the content in informed consent discussions. Additionally, physicians were asked about their general attitude towards mechanical ventilation in children with SMA type 1 and their hypothetical clinical management in emergency settings using case vignettes. Hundred and sixty-five physicians participated in the survey (50.3% child neurologists, 18.8% specialists for ventilator support, 6.1% pediatric palliative care physicians, and 6.1% with more than one of these specializations). Of all physicians, 44.2% confirmed to have experience with SMA type 1 patients using ventilator support. In summary, our results show that physicians' attitudes and experiences about mechanical ventilation in children with SMA type 1 vary considerably and are likely to influence the outcome in informed consent discussions and the hypothetical management in emergency settings.
Influence of excess weight on lower‐extremity vertical stiffness and metabolic cost of walking
Authors: Bode Victoria G. , Croce Ronald V. , Quinn Timothy J. , Laroche Dain P. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose was to test whether lower‐extremity vertical stiffness and gait mechanics explain differences in energy cost of walking (Cw) between individuals with normal weight (NW) and obesity (OB). Ten OB (33.1 ± 2.0 kg m−2) and 10 NW (24.2 ± 1.3 kg m−2) walked for six minutes on an instrumented treadmill at 1.25 m s−1 while Cw, lower‐extremity kinematics, and vertical stiffness (K vert) were measured. NW completed another trial with a loaded vest (NWL) to simulate the BMI of the obese group. Cw was 24% greater in OB (277.5 ± 45.3 J m−1) and 23% greater in NWL (272.7 ± 35.7 J m−1) than NW (211.0 ± 27.0 J m−1, P < 0.005). Mass‐specific Cw (Cwkg) wasn't different between conditions (P = 0.085). Lower‐extremity K vert was 40% higher in OB (32.7 ± 5.2 kN m−1) than NW (23.3 ± 4.7 kN m−1, P < 0.001), but neither was different from NWL (27.5 ± 3.4 kN m−1, P > 0.05). Mass‐specific K vert (P = 0.081) was similar across conditions. K vert was related to Cw (r = 0.55, P = 0.001). Cwkg wasn't different between NW or OB, but there was a negative correlation between BMI and Cwkg driven by lower Cwkg in NWL. Cw and K vert covaried in proportion to body mass, but mass‐specific K vert was unrelated to Cwkg. Mass‐specific K vert was lower in NWL than OB due to NWL's greater angle of attack, center of mass displacement, and joint range of motion.
Reliability of Loading Rate in Gait Analysis
Authors: Abolins V , Nesenbergs K , Bernans E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Loading rate is an important parameter of running gait as it is commonly associated with increased risk of injury. In this paper we show, that most of the research related to calculating loading rate values from ground reaction force data cannot be directly compared, as the absolute loading rate values and the related first impact peak location and height are highly dependent on the filtering method used, cut-off frequency selected as well as loading rate calculation method selected. The results are based on running trial data from non-forefoot striking long distance runners gathered by the authors.
Structural reliability and performance evaluation of symmetric and asymmetric multi-storey buildings subjected to lateral wind forces
Authors: Kewalramani M A , Syed Z I , Almustafa M S , Hassouna M S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Lately there has been enormous enhancement of buildings architecturally. Most of the buildings are designed and constructed with diverse variations like soft–storey, torsional irregularity, asymmetrical layout of walls, irregularities in plan and elevation and thus overall building configuration. Any such variation result in challenging implications in terms of structural reliability and appropriate design of structural members. Calculation of lateral forces on these structures is an essential process in case of high– rise structures and structural performance of these aesthetically appealing asymmetric irregular shaped buildings especially when subjected to heavy wind forces need to be carefully assessed by structural engineers. The present work intends at performance evaluation by studying structural reliability of symmetrical and asymmetrical regular square, L, C and T–shaped reinforced concrete multi–storey buildings subjected to wind loads. The wind load analysis on these buildings is carried out in line with ASCE 7–10 design code. A comparative evaluation of critical parameters like fundamental period, natural and circular frequency of building, maximum joint displacement, storey drift ratio, inter–storey drift, internal forces in structural members, storey response and storey stiffness determines that difference in shape of a particular storey (or building) influence overall structural performance of building.
Medical Device Integrated System Accelerated Life Testing
Authors: Atua Khaled , Baniasad Saeid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper defines the accelerated life test design and technique to evaluate medical device system reliability. The proposed method includes developing system functional diagram to capture the overall ecosystem of the device and all control and noise factors that affect device performance. The test simulates real life therapy level stresses including temperature, patient use, disposable setting, power source alterations, medical prescription and duty cycle. These operation elements are used at different rates to balance the aging of different subsystems and rate of different failure mechanisms. The sample size of the test units is determined based on minimizing the overestimation error of the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) value. All observed events, and failures are categorized, and identified as failure per the expected complaint handling systems in real life. The test/tester setup errors and customer errors can also be tracked separately in the test and a mechanism of feeding back to human factors analysis, manufacturing, and service departments are identified to help optimize and inform product design and sustaining engineering activities. Test results and findings are to be compared to field data and benchmarked against a predicted number of failures based on the reliability requirements analysis established prior to product release. Test data and performance parameters are to be tracked and used to establish and optimize proactive and predictive maintenance interval and strategies for limited life and degrading components. Finally, a standardized testing method is to be revised based on lessons learned, and to be generalized for future product tests.
Extended Order High Gain Observer Based Stabilization of 2 DOF Pan Tilt Platform for Aerial Imaging System
Authors: Altaf O , Malik F M , Azim R A , Hussain S , Ahmad N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Aerial imaging systems are mounted on two axis serial robotic manipulators with high powered pan and tilt actuations, known as a Gimbal. The angular displacement of the gimbal is measured through very high precision sensors, typically shaft encoders with high PPR specifications. The purpose of the gimbal is to keep the orientation of the payload towards the target irrespective of the displacement of the UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and any other vibrations/disturbances that might be introduced into the system. Because of 2-DOF (degrees of freedom) dynamical model of the gimbal, frictional force, noise, cable restraint, disturbances from the external environment along with the motions of the vehicle’s body (as a result of manoeuvring or vibration), the spotting and tracking accuracy of the gimbal platform system may significantly degrade. The nature of these redundant disturbances is mostly of nonlinear nature and their modelling is a difficult task as they keep on changing. In order to cancel out these redundant disturbances and uncertainties, extended order high gain observer (EHGO) based feedback linearization control is used and extensive simulations are performed to show the comparison of tracking control without EHGO and after augmenting EHGO.
A Fault Inference Method under Uncertainty: Case Study on Crankshafts in Fracturing Pumps
Authors: Zhang X , Zhang L B , Hu J Q 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Crankshaft is a pivotal mechanical unit in the power-end system of a fracturing pump and its fault inference could facilitate optimal condition-based maintenance. Fracturing pumps are equipped with advanced instrumentation systems able to acquire vibration information for crankshaft fault analysis, but there exist complex uncertain dependences between faults and symptoms as well as incomplete symptom information, further increasing the difficulty of fault inference by operators. To achieve effective fault inference in the case of uncertain or incomplete diagnosis evidences, a Bayesian network-based fault inference method for crankshafts is proposed in this article. The approach can be utilized to implement cause inference and diagnosis inference by incorporating cause nodes, fault nodes and symptom nodes into a Bayesian network (BN) model. The application of the presented approach in fault inference of crankshafts indicates its strong inference capability under uncertainty. The results from the presented BN model may offer a useful aid to repairers in their maintenance decision-making processes.
Research on Antenna Cabin Structure Optimization Based on Response Surface and Multi-island Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Weimin Sun , Weizhong Cao , Yeqing Gu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on the characteristics of high efficiency and high accuracy in the optimization design of the antenna bay structure. The polynomial response surface model is used to replace the computationally intensive target characteristic analysis model in the original genetic algorithm and a multi-island genetic algorithm is combined with the sequential quadratic programming. In this method, the square steel structure of the antenna module is optimized, which not only ensures the search for the global optimal solution, but also improves the calculation efficiency. The optimized results meet the rigid strength requirements of the antenna module under working wind load, and the weight of the antenna module is reduced by 33.5%, which greatly saves costs.
Study on Stress Properties of Iron Based Cladding Coating under Bending Load
Authors: Xu Lifu , Li Chao , Huang Shutao , Song Bo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The finite element analysis was employed to investigate equivalent stress characteristics of iron based cladding coating and substrate, and a three-point bending simulation test was carried out. The coating was set separately on the sides of stretchand press, the distribution and change rule of equivalent stress for different coating thickness were obtained through analyzing the stress state of thecoating/substrate system and influence of coating thickness on the interfacial stress. The results show that the maximum stress of the coating/substrate system appears on the coating surface under the bending load; the thicker the coating, the higher the maximum equivalent stress of the coating/substrate system under the same press amount of the punch head.
Experimental Study on Key Design Parameters of Cast-in-situ Pile Foundation in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Ji Yanjun , Hu Yupu , Jin Long , Luo Tao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The freezing strength of pile foundation in contact with permafrost is the key parameter for calculating the bearing capacity and pull-out stability of foundation. The thermal physical parameters of concrete before initial setting under various conditions were measured by a thermal conductivity meter based on the transient method. The effects of water binder ratio and pouring temperature on the thermal physical parameters were analyzed. The results show that the ratio of water to binder increases from 0.4 to 0.6, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity decrease and the specific heat increases correspondingly; the thermal conductivity is negatively correlated with the pouring temperature, while the specific heat and thermal diffusivity are not significantly correlated with the pouring temperature. Based on the above research results, it is suggested that the water binder ratio of 0.4-0.45 and the pouring temperature of 5-10°C should be adopted in the design of cast-in-place piles in permafrost regions.
Mechanical Analysis of TRB Transition Region
Authors: Fu Xiujuan , Yu Ge , Zhao Yan , Lu Jiang , Yu Yuehong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the mechanical properties of Tailor Rolled Blank (TRB) transition region was investigated By establishing a true stress-strain constitutive model of the TRB transition region. Firstly, the stress-strain curve obtained by uniaxial tensile test of 1mm, 2mm thick plates is subjected to regression analysis. Based on Ludwig equation, the true stress-strain constitutive equations of 1mm and 2mm thick plates were obtained. Then, The true stress-strain constitutive equation of TRB transition region was established by interpolation method combined with 1mm, 2mm thick plate constitutive equation, volume invariance theory and Von-Mises equivalent strain.Finally, the accuracy of the model is verified by simulation and experimental comparison. The results show: A new constitutive model of TRB was established, which is well responsed to the mechanical properties of the transition region.
Study on the Factors Influencing of the Anti-aging Behaviour in Different Antioxidants/Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Li Guangjuan , Song Meng , Zheng Wei , Lu Ling , Zhang Sidian , Wu Sizhu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work, antioxidants 6PPD, 2246, and MB were used to study anti-aging factors in butadiene rubber (BR) composites. Combined with molecular simulations, the four factors were proposed and quantified. Chemically, the free energy of the hydrogen dissociation reaction for the different structures was calculated by quantum mechanics (QM) methods. Meanwhile, the physical factors were characterized by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To rank the relative importance of the four factors, we employed the gray relational analysis (GRA) method. It was obtained that the free energy for the hydrogen dissociation reaction and the permeability for O2 should be given priority.
Study on Multi-steps Dynamic Compression Deformation Behavior of Ti-5.5Al Alloy
Authors: Luo Yumeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The microstructure evolution in a specific area with typical characteristics of the Ti-5.5Al alloy was studied under multi-steps dynamic compression condition at a strain rate of 4000s-1 by EBSD/SEM method. Both twinning and dislocation movement were proved to be the deformation mechanism. However, the dominant deformation mechanism was greatly influenced by strain. During the strain level from 0 to 0.05, the most important deformation mechanism of Ti-5.5Al alloy was dislocation slip. During the deformation process of strain 0.05 to 0.10, the main deformation mechanisms were the {1012} of twin and dislocation movement. The rapid expansion of existing twins causes significant changes of texture. During a strain level from 0.10 to 0.15, the main deformation mechanism was twinning, while the dislocation movement dominated the deformation when the strain increased from 0.15 to 0.20. Besides, dislocation was proved to active prior to twinning.
Effects of Mo Element on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Yao Xiaofei , Wei Jingpeng , Li Tianye 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In order to improve the mechanical properties of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy, CoCrFeMnNiMox high entropy alloy were prepared by adding different content of Mo to re-alloying. The microstructure and phase composition were analyzed by OM, SEM, EDS and XRD, and the mechanical properties were tested by tensile test. The effects of Mo content on the phase composition and microstructure of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy were investigated, and the mechanism of its influence on mechanical properties was studied. The results showed that with the increase of Mo element content, the crystalline morphology of CoCrFeMnNiMox high entropy alloy is change from dendrite crystals to cellular crystal, and the yield strength of the alloy is not change significantly. In the case of Mo content is less than 7%, Mo as substitutional atom is dissolves in the crystal structure of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy substrate, which has function as solid solution strengthening, so that the strength of the alloy increases slightly, but the plasticity are not change significantly. In the case of Mo content is more than 7%, the ζ (CrMo) phase is precipitates in the alloy substrate, which has plays effect of second phase strengthening, so that strength of the alloy is increase significantly, and the plasticity is decreases obviously.
Influences of Laser Remelting on Microstructure and Thermal Shock Resistance of Al2O3-13wt.%TiO2 Coatings Deposited by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Wang Dongsheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Al2O3-13wt.%TiO2 composite ceramic coatings were prepared by plasma spraying and laser remelting. Morphology, microstructure and phase composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Meanwhile, effects of laser remelting on thermal shock resistance of plasma-sprayed coatings were investigated and the thermal shock failure mechanism of coatings were discussed. Results demonstrate that after laser remelting, particles on the ceramic coating are refined and the lamellar structure disappears, thus increasing density and getting a remelting coating basically without defects like cracks. Laser remelting metastable phase γ-Al2O3 is transformed into a stable phase α-Al2O3. Due to low heat conductivity coefficient of ceramic materials, it is impossible to remelt the whole ceramic coating at laser remelting. An isometric crystal remelted zone with small grains, a sintered zone and a lamellar remained plasma-sprayed zone are formed on the remelting ceramic coating. Compared with plasma-sprayed coating, the laser-remelted coating has better thermal shock resistance. The thermal shock failure form of ceramic coating deposited by plasma spraying is basically corner peeling, while the thermal shock failure forms of laser-remelted ceramic coating includes both corner peeling and considerable local peelings in the center. Influences of laser remelting on thermal shock resistance of coating are mainly manifested as reduced initial failure resistance of coatings, decelerated crack propagation on coatings and changing failure mode of coatings.
Toughening Study of Epoxy Structural Reinforcement Adhesive in Concrete at Room Temperature
Authors: Liu Lin , Chen Yiyi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper selects liquid bisphenol A epoxy resin with different types of room temperature curing agent and different types of room temperature toughener. Comparing the energy per unit area combined with the tensile test, bending strength, compressive strength and steel-steel tensile shear strength, combination of the 10% amount of A2364 toughener and polyamide A350A curing agent shows best performance in various tests. Its bending strength is 96.9 MPa, shear strength is 23.2 MPa, and Tg is 74.6 °C. The characteristic temperature of the epoxy strengthening system is calculated through DSC. The average apparent activation energy E = 63.79J/mol and the reaction order number n=0.93. The kinetic equation of the toughened epoxy curing system is obtained, which provided theoretical support for practical application.
Application of Hyperelastic Materials in a Composite Hollow Brick for Assessing the Reduction of Dynamic Loads - Numerical Analysis
Authors: Major I , Major M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article addresses the use of hyperelastic materials to evaluate the redistribution of stresses in a composite structural hollow brick by means of numerical analysis. Both rubber and concrete were modelled as hyperelastic materials with appropriate energy potential. The concrete was modelled on the Murnaghan potential, while the rubber was modelled on the Zahorski potential. The analysed prefabricated hollow brick was loaded with a force impulse. As a result, redistribution of effective stress was observed, which was important for the evaluation of the operation of the analysed prefabricated product. The presented numerical analysis was carried out using the ADINA program.
Fabrication of Super-hydrophobic Surfaces and Studies of Water Flow in Super-hydrophobic Micro-tubes
Authors: Yu Zhijia , Liu Xinghua , Huo Subin , Song Shanpeng , Wang Baohe , Kuang Guozhu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Hierarchical alveolate structures of micro-nano scale were prepared on stainless steel substrates with chemical etching. Fine papillae stand on protuberances are found. After fluorination treatments, the surfaces exhibit super-hydrophobic properties, with water contact angles of 163°. Stainless-steel micro-tubes with super-hydrophilic and super-hydrophobic surface were fabricated with chemical etching and chemical etching-fluorination treatment respectively. The effect of surface wettability on the fluid flow in micro-tubes was investigated with water as the working fluid. The experimental setup was designed in such a way that the investigation of the pressure drop and friction factor was possible. It is found that friction factor in super-hydrophilic micro-tube is in good agreement with Hagen-Poiseuille theory at low Reynolds number (Re<600), while higher than classical values at higher Reynolds number. The pressure drop of water flowing in super-hydrophobic micro-tube decreases compared with that in super-hydrophilic micro-tube, with the maximal decrease of 39%, which indicates the prospective utilization in process industry.
Preparation and Study of High Reflectance Color Solar Heat-reflective Insulation Coatings
Authors: Lu Guozhong , He Jintai , Zhang Jiayang , Wang Haiwang , Zhang Yajing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Based on the existing preparation process of common thermal insulation coatings, a kind of high reflectance color solar heat-reflective insulation coatings was developed by improving the thermal insulation coatings. The effects of hollow glass beads, titanium dioxide and other factors on the properties of the coatings were discussed, and the thermal insulation properties of the coatings were characterized by solar reflectance ratio. The results show that the water-based color solar heat-reflective insulation coatings with high solar reflectance, high weathering resistance and high stain resistance can be prepared by using pure acrylic emulsion and silicone acrylic emulsion as the film-forming base material, using the rutile type titanium dioxide, calcined kaolin, precipitated barium sulphate and hollow glass beads as the insulated function pigments and fillers, and using the auxiliaries for coatings.