bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative validation of the adapted Mediterranean Diet Score for Adolescents by comparison with nutritional biomarkers and nutrient and food intakes: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study
Authors: Aparicio-Ugarriza Raquel , Cuenca-García Magdalena , Gonzalez-Gross Marcela , Julián Cristina , Bel-Serrat Silvia , Moreno Luis A , Breidenassel Christina , Kersting Mathilde , Arouca Aline B , Michels Nathalie , Mouratidou Theodora , Manios Yannis , Dallongeville Jean , Gottrand Frédéric , Widhalm Kurt , Kafatos Anthony , Molnár Denes , De Henauw Stefaan , Gunter Marc J , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether adherence to the adapted Mediterranean Diet Score for Adolescents (MDS_A) and the adapted Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (KIDMED_A) is associated with better food/nutrient intakes and nutritional biomarkers.Design:The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study is a cross-sectional study aiming to obtain comparable data on a variety of nutritional and health-related parameters in European adolescents aged 12·5–17·5 years.Setting:Nine European countries.Participants:European adolescents (n 2330) recruited to the HELENA study. Dietary intake was obtained with 24 h dietary recalls, an FFQ and a Food Choices and Preferences questionnaire. MDS_A was calculated as a categorical variable using cut-offs (MDS_A), as a continuous variable (zMDS_A) and with energy adjustments (zEnMDS_A). The KIDMED_A score was also calculated.Results:Multilevel linear regression analysis showed positive associations for zMDS_A and KIDMED_A with serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin C, plasma folate, holo-transcobalamin, β-carotene and n-3 fatty acids, while negative associations were observed with trans-fatty acid serum levels. For categorical indices, blood biomarkers showed few significant results. zMDS_A and KIDMED_A showed positive associations with vegetables and fruits intake, and negative associations with energy-dense and low-nutritious foods. zMDS_A and KIDMED_A were positively associated with all macronutrients, vitamins and minerals (all P &lt; 0·0001), except with monosaccharides and PUFA for KIDMED_A and cholesterol for both indices (P &lt; 0·05).Conclusions:zMDS_A and KIDMED_A have shown the strongest associations with the dietary indicators and biomarkers that have been associated with the Mediterranean diet before, and are therefore considered the most appropriate and valid Mediterranean diet scores for European adolescents.
Parenting styles are associated with overall child dietary quality within low-income and food-insecure households
Authors: Burke Michael P , Jones Sonya J , Frongillo Edward A , Blake Christine E , Fram Maryah S 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between parenting styles and overall child dietary quality within households that are low-income and food-insecure.Design:Child dietary intake was measured via a 24 h dietary recall. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005). Parenting styles were measured and scored using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Linear regressions were used to test main and interaction associations between HEI-2005 scores and parenting styles.Setting:Non-probability sample of low-income and food-insecure households in South Carolina, USA.Participants:Parent–child dyads (n 171). Parents were ≥18 years old and children were 9–15 years old.Results:We found a significant interaction between authoritative and authoritarian parenting style scores. For those with a mean authoritarian score, each unit increase in authoritative score was associated with a higher HEI-2005 score (b = 3·36, P < 0.05). For those with an authoritarian score that was 1 sd above the mean authoritarian score, each unit increase in authoritative score was associated with a higher HEI-2005 score (b = 8.42, P < 0.01). For those with an authoritarian score that was −1 sd below the mean authoritarian score, each unit increase in authoritative score was associated with a lower HEI-2005 score; however, this was not significant (b = −1·69, P > 0·05). Permissive parenting style scores were negatively associated with child dietary quality (b = −2·79, P < 0·05).Conclusions:Parenting styles should be considered an important variable that is associated with overall dietary quality in children living within low-income and food-insecure households.
At Long Last – A Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Explanation of Procrastination
Authors: Bennett Catherine , Bacon Alison M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Procrastination can result in poor wellbeing and performance in academia and the workplace. The present study combined personality and motivational explanations by examining procrastination through the lens of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST), which assumes that personality traits are underpinned by basic systems of approach and avoidance motivation. Students ( N = 336; Mage = 21.34) and non-students ( N = 187; Mage = 37.98) completed the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ), measures of unintentional and general procrastination and, for students only, a measure of academic procrastination. In both samples, high impulsivity and high Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) activation was associated with reports of general procrastination. In students, high Reward Reactivity (RR) was additionally associated with Unintentional Procrastination (UP), while low Goal-drive Persistence was associated with all forms of procrastination. These data suggest a role for both approach and avoidance motivations in procrastination. Results are discussed in terms of RST and implications for intervention.
An Adjoint‐State Full‐Waveform Tsunami Source Inversion Method and Its Application to the 2014 Chile‐Iquique Tsunami Event
Authors: Zhou Tong , Meng Lingsen , Xie Yuqing , Han Jiayuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe develop an adjoint‐state full‐waveform inversion procedure to recover the initial water elevation of a tsunami event. Traditional finite‐fault tsunami source inversion methods suffer from the uncertainty of fault parameters or crustal rigidity. Moreover, the heavy computational burden of calculating Green's functions results in limited spatial resolution and hinders the real‐time applicability of the traditional methods to tsunami early warning. In this work, we apply the adjoint‐state full‐waveform inversion method to the tsunami source inversion. The benefits of the adjoint inversion are twofold: (1) independence of fault parameters, and (2) high computational efficiency, especially for dense tsunami arrays and high‐resolution grids. We validate this approach with synthetic tsunami sources and apply it to the 2014 Chile‐Iquique tsunami event. Both synthetic and real‐data results show that the adjoint‐state method is of high efficiency and high resolution, outperforming the traditional tsunami source inversions.
Quantifying Asthenospheric and Lithospheric Controls on Mafic Magmatism Across North Africa
Authors: Ball P. W. , White N. J. , Masoud A. , Nixon S. , Hoggard M. J. , Maclennan J. , Stuart F. M. , Oppenheimer C. , Kröpelin S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAfrican basin‐and‐swell morphology is often attributed to the planform of subplate mantle convection. Across North Africa, the coincidence of Neogene and Quaternary (i.e., <23 Ma) magmatism, topographic swells, long wavelength gravity anomalies, and slow shear wave velocity anomalies within the asthenosphere provides observational constraints for this hypothesis. Admittance analysis of topographic and gravity fields corroborates the existence of subplate support. To investigate quantitative relationships between intraplate magmatism, shear wave velocity, and asthenospheric temperature, we collected and analyzed a suite of 224 lava samples from Tibesti, Jabal Eghei, Haruj, Sawda/Hasawinah, and Gharyan volcanic centers of Libya and Chad. Forward and inverse modeling of major, trace, and rare Earth elements was used for thermobarometric studies and to determine melt fraction as a function of depth. At each center, mafic magmatism is modeled by assuming adiabatic decompression of dry peridotite with asthenospheric potential temperatures of 1300‐1360 °C. Surprisingly, the highest temperatures are associated with the low‐lying Haruj volcanic center rather than with the more prominent Tibesti swell. Our results are consistent with earthquake tomographic models which show that the slowest shear wave anomalies within the upper mantle occur directly beneath the Haruj center. This inference is corroborated by converting observed velocities into potential temperatures, which are in good agreement with those determined by geochemical inverse modeling. Our results suggest that North African volcanic swells are primarily generated by thermal anomalies located beneath thinned lithosphere.
Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Rifting and Continental Breakup in the Eastern Black Sea Basin Revealed by Long‐Offset Seismic Reflection Data
Authors: Monteleone Vanessa , Minshull Timothy A. , Marin‐Moreno Hector 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe age and distribution of the synrift and early postrift infill records the spatial and temporal distribution of extension and breakup processes in a rift basin. The Eastern Black Sea Basin (EBSB) is thought to have formed by back‐arc extension during Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic time. However, a lack of direct constraints on its deep stratigraphy leaves uncertainties over the time, duration, and location for rifting and breakup processes in the basin. Here we use the enhanced imaging provided by 2‐D long‐offset seismic reflection profiles to analyze the deep structural and stratigraphic elements of the EBSB. Based on these elements, we infer the presence of two distinct Late Cretaceous synrift units, recording initial extension (rift stage 1) over the continental highs (Shatsky Ridge and the Mid Black Sea High), followed by strain localization along the major basin‐bounding faults and rift migration toward the basin axis (rift stage 2). Overlying these units, Palaeocene(?)‐Eocene and Oligocene units show a synkinematic character in the NW, with evidence for ongoing extension until Oligocene time. Toward the SE, these sequences are instead postkinematic, directly overlaying a basement emplaced during breakup. We interpret the Palaeocene(?)‐Oligocene units to record the time spanning from the initiation of breakup (Late Cretaceous‐Palaeocene, in the SE) to the end of extension (Oligocene, in the NW). The first ubiquitously postrift infill is the Lower Miocene Maykop Formation. Our results highlight the along‐strike temporal variability of extension and breakup processes in the EBSB.
T-cell receptor gene therapy targeting melanoma-associated antigen-A4 by silencing of endogenous TCR inhibits tumor growth in mice and human
Authors: Sun Qian , Zhang Xiying , Wang Limei , Gao Xujie , Xiong Yanjuan , Liu Liang , Wei Feng , Yang Lili , Ren Xiubao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGenetically engineered T cells expressing a T-cell receptor (TCR) are powerful tools for cancer treatment and have shown significant clinical effects in sarcoma patients. However, mismatch of the introduced TCR α/β chains with endogenous TCR may impair the expression of transduced TCR, resulting in an insufficient antitumor capacity of modified T cells. Here, we report the development of immunotherapy using human lymphocytes transduced with a codon-optimized melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A4 and HLA-A*2402-restricted TCR, which specifically downregulate endogenous TCR by small interfering RNA (si-TCR). We evaluated the efficacy of this immunotherapy in both NOD-SCID mice and uterine leiomyosarcoma patients. Our results revealed that transduced human lymphocytes exhibited high surface expression of the introduced tumor-specific TCR, enhanced cytotoxic activity against antigen-expressing tumor cells, and increased interferon-γ production by specific MAGE-A4 peptide stimulation. Retarded tumor growth was also observed in NOD-SCID mice inoculated with human tumor cell lines expressing both MAGE-A4 and HLA-A*2402. Furthermore, we report the successful management of a case of uterine leiomyosarcoma treated with MAGE-A4 si-TCR/HLA-A*2402 gene-modified T cells. Our results indicate that the TCR-modified T cell therapy is a promising novel strategy for cancer treatment.
Gasdermin D protects against noninfectious liver injury by regulating apoptosis and necroptosis
Authors: Yang Chenxuan , Sun Ping , Deng Meihong , Loughran Patricia , Li Wenbo , Yi Zhongjie , Li Shilai , Zhang Xianghong , Fan Jie , Billiar Timothy R. , Scott Melanie J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGasdermin D (GsdmD) was recently identified as the executioner of pyroptotic inflammatory cell death, and is a substrate for caspases-1 and 11. GsdmD is detrimental in lethal endotoxemia but protective in bacterial sepsis. However, little is known about its role during noninfectious/sterile injuries. In this study, we examined the contribution of GsdmD using WT and GsdmD−/− mice in two models of noninfectious liver injury: hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation (HS/R) and acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. GsdmD−/− mice had significantly increased liver damage at 6 h after HS/R or APAP vs WT, shown by significantly elevated ALT level and extended areas of cell death in liver. Caspase-8, a mediator of multiple cell death pathways, was highly elevated in GsdmD−/− mice after injury. Significantly increased cleavage of caspase-8 and subsequent high levels of apoptosis were found in livers of GsdmD−/− mice after HS/R, a relatively mild ROS-induced liver injury. However, during more severe APAP-mediated ROS-induced liver injury, caspase-8 cleavage in GsdmD−/− liver was inhibited compared with WT, resulting in accumulation of pro-caspase-8 and increased levels of necroptosis. Our findings indicate a novel hepatoprotective role for GsdmD in noninfectious inflammation models via regulation of caspase-8 expression and downstream cell death pathways. The effects of GsdmD protection are likely injury specific and may also depend on injury severity and levels of ROS produced. These data suggest modulation of GsdmD/caspase-8 may be a novel therapeutic option in ROS-mediated liver injury.
Easy access to oxygenated block polymers via switchable catalysis
Authors: Stößer Tim , Sulley Gregory S. , Gregory Georgina L. , Williams Charlotte K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOxygenated block polyols are versatile, potentially bio-based and/or degradable materials widely applied in the manufacture of coatings, resins, polyurethanes and other products. Typical preparations involve multistep syntheses and/or macroinitiator approaches. Here, a straightforward and well-controlled one-pot synthesis of ABA triblocks, namely poly(ether-b-ester-b-ether), and ABCBA pentablocks, of the form poly(ester-b-ether-b-ester’-b-ether-b-ester), using a commercial chromium catalyst system is described. The polymerization catalysis exploits mechanistic switches between anhydride/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization, epoxide ring-opening polymerization and lactone ring-opening polymerization without requiring any external stimuli. Testing a range of anhydrides, epoxides and chain-transfer agents reveals some of the requirements and guidelines for successful catalysis. Following these rules of switch catalysis with multiple monomer additions allows the preparation of multiblock polymers of the form (ABA)n up to 15 blocks. Overall, this switchable catalysis delivers polyols in a straightforward and highly controlled manner. As proof of potential for the materials, methods to post-functionalize and/or couple the polyols to make higher polymers are demonstrated.
Microscopic ion migration in solid electrolytes revealed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Morimoto Tomohide , Nagai Masaya , Minowa Yosuke , Ashida Masaaki , Yokotani Yoichiro , Okuyama Yuji , Kani Yukimune 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTerahertz spectroscopy is one of the most suitable methods for the analysis of electron transport in solids, and has been applied to various materials. Here, we demonstrate that terahertz spectroscopy is the technique of choice to characterize solid electrolytes. We measure the terahertz conductivity of stabilized zirconia, a widely used solid electrolyte material, by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy at high temperatures, providing a wealth of information unavailable from conventional techniques. It is found that the conductivity reflects the microscopic motion of the ion just before hopping to an unoccupied site. Our results suggest a powerful approach in probing the ionic conduction mechanism and could help us explore other solid electrolytes for fuel cells and all-solid-state batteries.
Mediator complex interaction partners organize the transcriptional network that defines neural stem cells
Authors: Quevedo Marti , Meert Lize , Dekker Mike R. , Dekkers Dick H. W. , Brandsma Johannes H. , van den Berg Debbie L. C. , Ozgür Zeliha , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Demmers Jeroen , Fornerod Maarten , Poot Raymond A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Mediator complex regulates transcription by connecting enhancers to promoters. High Mediator binding density defines super enhancers, which regulate cell-identity genes and oncogenes. Protein interactions of Mediator may explain its role in these processes but have not been identified comprehensively. Here, we purify Mediator from neural stem cells (NSCs) and identify 75 protein-protein interaction partners. We identify super enhancers in NSCs and show that Mediator-interacting chromatin modifiers colocalize with Mediator at enhancers and super enhancers. Transcription factor families with high affinity for Mediator dominate enhancers and super enhancers and can explain genome-wide Mediator localization. We identify E-box transcription factor Tcf4 as a key regulator of NSCs. Tcf4 interacts with Mediator, colocalizes with Mediator at super enhancers and regulates neurogenic transcription factor genes with super enhancers and broad H3K4me3 domains. Our data suggest that high binding-affinity for Mediator is an important organizing feature in the transcriptional network that determines NSC identity.
Author Correction: 2600-years of stratospheric volcanism through sulfate isotopes
Authors: Gautier E. , Savarino J. , Hoek J. , Erbland J. , Caillon N. , Hattori S. , Yoshida N. , Albalat E. , Albarede F. , Farquhar J. 
Published: June 2019

The authors became aware of a mistake in the data and axis labeling in Fig. 2 in the original version of the Article. Specifically, the authors mistakenly copied and pasted a formula for background correction instead of the actual values. As a result of this, Fig. 3 was updated to replace the incorrect label ‘sulfate flux (kg km−2)’ with the correct ‘sulfate concentrations (ng g−1)’ on the far-left y-axes in both panels, and to add the correct data for Δ33S, as given by the red dotted lines. The correct version of Fig. 3 is shown below as Fig. 1, which replaced the previous incorrect version, shown below as Fig. 2. This has been corrected in both the PDF and the HTML versions of the Article. The findings and interpretations in the original Article are based on the correct dataset, and this error does not affect the original discussion or conclusions of the Article. The authors apologize for the confusion caused by this mistake.
Native top-down mass spectrometry provides insights into the copper centers of membrane-bound methane monooxygenase
Authors: Ro Soo Y. , Schachner Luis F. , Koo Christopher W. , Purohit Rahul , Remis Jonathan P. , Kenney Grace E. , Liauw Brandon W. , Thomas Paul M. , Patrie Steven M. , Kelleher Neil L. , Rosenzweig Amy C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAerobic methane oxidation is catalyzed by particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO), a copper-dependent, membrane metalloenzyme composed of subunits PmoA, PmoB, and PmoC. Characterization of the copper active site has been limited by challenges in spectroscopic analysis stemming from the presence of multiple copper binding sites, effects of detergent solubilization on activity and crystal structures, and the lack of a heterologous expression system. Here we utilize nanodiscs coupled with native top-down mass spectrometry (nTDMS) to determine the copper stoichiometry in each pMMO subunit and to detect post-translational modifications (PTMs). These results indicate the presence of a mononuclear copper center in both PmoB and PmoC. pMMO-nanodisc complexes with a higher stoichiometry of copper-bound PmoC exhibit increased activity, suggesting that the PmoC copper site plays a role in methane oxidation activity. These results provide key insights into the pMMO copper centers and demonstrate the ability of nTDMS to characterize complex membrane-bound metalloenzymes.
Microbially induced potassium enrichment in Paleoproterozoic shales and implications for reverse weathering on early Earth
Authors: Aubineau Jérémie , El Albani Abderrazak , Bekker Andrey , Somogyi Andrea , Bankole Olabode M. , Macchiarelli Roberto , Meunier Alain , Riboulleau Armelle , Reynaud Jean-Yves , Konhauser Kurt O. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIllitisation requires potassium incorporation into a smectite precursor, a process akin to reverse weathering. However, it remains unclear whether microbes facilitate K+ uptake to the sediments and whether illitisation was important in the geological past. The 2.1 billion-year-old Francevillian Series of Gabon has been shown to host mat-related structures (MRS) and, in this regard, these rocks offer a unique opportunity to test whether ancient microbes induced illitisation. Here, we show high K content confined to illite particles that are abundant in the facies bearing MRS, but not in the host sandstone and black shale. This observation suggests that microbial biofilms trapped K+ from the seawater and released it into the pore-waters during respiration, resulting in illitisation. The K-rich illite developed exclusively in the fossilized MRS thus provides a new biosignature for metasediments derived from K-feldspar-depleted rocks that were abundant crustal components on ancient Earth.
Graph dynamical networks for unsupervised learning of atomic scale dynamics in materials
Authors: Xie Tian , France-Lanord Arthur , Wang Yanming , Shao-Horn Yang , Grossman Jeffrey C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamical processes that govern the performance of functional materials is essential for the design of next generation materials to tackle global energy and environmental challenges. Many of these processes involve the dynamics of individual atoms or small molecules in condensed phases, e.g. lithium ions in electrolytes, water molecules in membranes, molten atoms at interfaces, etc., which are difficult to understand due to the complexity of local environments. In this work, we develop graph dynamical networks, an unsupervised learning approach for understanding atomic scale dynamics in arbitrary phases and environments from molecular dynamics simulations. We show that important dynamical information, which would be difficult to obtain otherwise, can be learned for various multi-component amorphous material systems. With the large amounts of molecular dynamics data generated every day in nearly every aspect of materials design, this approach provides a broadly applicable, automated tool to understand atomic scale dynamics in material systems.