bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freeze‐Drying‐Assisted Synthesis of Porous SnO2/rGO Xerogels as Anode Materials for Highly Reversible Lithium/Sodium Storage
Authors: Ma Chao , Jiang Jialin , Xu Tingting , Ji Hongmei , Yang Yang , Yang Gang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional porous SnO2/rGO xerogels with superior cycling performance in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are fabricated through a freeze‐drying‐assisted method. SnO2 nanoparticles (5 nm in diameter) are homogeneously attached to the surface of graphene sheets without self‐aggregation. The heterostructured SnO2/rGO xerogel possesses numerous micron‐sized pores that can efficiently buffer the volumetric change of SnO2 during the charge/discharge process and provide multidimensional channels, improving the conductivity between active materials and electrolyte. The SnO2/rGO xerogel exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, both in LIBs and SIBs, owing to its particular porous structure. For LIBs, it delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1670.5 mAh g−1 in the first cycle and remains at 1139.4 mAh g−1 after 166 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. The SnO2/rGO xerogel also delivers a high discharge capacity of 189.4 mAh g−1 without capacity loss over 266 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 for SIBs. The SnO2/rGO xerogel can be used as an electrode material in both LIBs and SIBs, and can maintain an excellent rate performance and cyclic performance, owing to the abundant porosity and high conductivity.
Experimental analysis of bi‐directional pile static load test
Authors: BERISAVLJEVIĆ Dušan , FILIPOVIĆ Vladimir , STANISAVLJEVIĆ Nenad , BERISAVLJEVIĆ Zoran 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe paper presents the results of the Osterberg load tests performed at Belgrade Waterfront test site. Test results enabled evaluation of side friction and end bearing of the limestone/marlstone formation otherwise difficult to access. Mobilized side friction is several times larger than the side friction commonly used in design by practitioners for the large diameter drilled shafts. High pressure O‐cells manage to achieve 60 MN load (30 MN in each direction) which is significantly higher than specified design load.
The use of the grading entropy as a measure of the soil texture maturity
Authors: IMRE Emoke , FITYUS Stephen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, the concept of grading entropy is applied to evaluate the textural evolution of waste rocks at the surface of rehabilitated mine dumps. A series of mine‐spoil samples that were collected from topsoils and subsoils at sites of mine rehabilitation that had been established for different periods of time. According to the results, the increase in particle degradation which occurs nearer to the rehabilitated surface could be observed in changes in the grading curve, and numerically accounted for through changes in the grading entropy. The samples showed similar trends to the soils in many fragmentation problems: a near‐fractal distribution, outside of the unstable zone of the grading entropy diagram. The samples plotted in the transitional stability zone, with the most stable sample being the natural sub soil. However, unlike fragmentation by crushing, the largest fragments were not necessarily preserved through a cushioning by the smaller particles.
Role of the Relative Humidity and the Cd/Zn Stoichiometry in the Photooxidation Process of Cadmium Yellows (CdS/Cd1−xZnxS) in Oil Paintings
Authors: Monico Letizia , Chieli Annalisa , De Meyer Steven , Cotte Marine , de Nolf Wout , Falkenberg Gerald , Janssens Koen , Romani Aldo , Miliani Costanza 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCadmium yellows (CdYs) refer to a family of cadmium sulfide pigments, which have been widely used by artists since the late 19th century. Despite being considered stable, they are suffering from discoloration in iconic paintings, such as Joy of Life by Matisse, Flowers in a blue vase by Van Gogh, and The Scream by Munch, most likely due to the formation of CdSO4⋅n H2O. The driving factors of the CdYs degradation and how these affect the overall process are still unknown. Here, we study a series of oil mock‐up paints made of CdYs of different stoichiometry (CdS/Cd0.76Zn0.24S) and crystalline structure (hexagonal/cubic) before and after aging at variable relative humidity under exposure to light and in darkness. Synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray methods combined with UV‐Vis and FTIR spectroscopy show that: 1) Cd0.76Zn0.24S is more susceptible to photooxidation than CdS; both compounds can act as photocatalysts for the oil oxidation. 2) The photooxidation of CdS/Cd0.76Zn0.24S to CdSO4⋅n H2O is triggered by moisture. 3) The nature of alteration products depends on the aging conditions and the Cd/Zn stoichiometry. Based on our findings, we propose a scheme for the mechanism of the photocorrosion process and the photocatalytic activity of CdY pigments in the oil binder. Overall, our results form a reliable basis for understanding the degradation of CdS‐based paints in artworks and contribute towards developing better ways of preserving them for future generations.
Porous Molybdenum Carbide Nanorods as Novel “Bifunctional” Cathode Material for Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhao , Liu Jia , Sun Liqun , Zhang Yuhang , Fu Qiang , Xie Haiming , Sun Hao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe shuttle effect of polysulfide is the primary obstacle in Li‐S batteries. Although some effort has been made to suppress the shuttle process, more highly conductive materials with stronger adsorption ability to polysulfides are still in urgent demand. Another important problem is the deteriorating performance of Li‐S batteries with prolonged cycling owing to irreversible deposition of lithium sulfide (Li2S). However, a host material for the effective conversion of insoluble Li2S has been elusive up to now. Herein, porous molybdenum carbide nanorods (Mo2C NRs), with high catalytic activity for Li2S and ultrastrong adsorption for polysulfides, are used as a “bifunctional” host material and incorporated into sulfur cathodes for the first time. The “bifunctional” Mo2C NRs have the advantage of immobilizing polysulfides over the conventional host, with adsorption energies from −4.89 to −8.20 eV for Li2Sx (x=1, 2, 4, 6, and 8). The electrochemical analysis shows that Mo2C NRs, more than an anchor, can activate Li2S by greatly reducing the charging overpotential. Therefore, the irreversible deposition of polysulfides is effectively restrained and the utilization of Li2S is clearly enhanced. The Mo2C NRs–sulfur composites (Mo2C NRs‐S) cathodes provide a capacity of 1298 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C in the Li‐S batteries. More importantly, the battery with Mo2C NRs‐S cathodes exhibits a much lower capacity decay of 0.062 % per cycle at 1 C over 500 cycles.
Solvent‐Triggered Reversible Phase Changes in Two Manganese‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks and Associated Sensing Events
Authors: Huang Yike , Zhang Jun , Yue Dan , Cui Yuanjing , Yang Yu , Li Bin , Qian Guodong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA flexible Mn‐based MOF, Mn‐sdc‐1, has been successfully synthesized by using the ligand 4,4′‐stilbenedicarboxylic acid (H2sdc). Attributed to the flexibility of the framework, Mn‐sdc‐1 can transform into a new phase (Mn‐sdc‐2) with completely different structural geometry; this is induced by trace levels of H2O at room temperature. Reversibly, the transformation from Mn‐sdc‐2 to Mn‐sdc‐1 can be triggered by DMF upon heating beyond 100 °C. These results inspired a study of the influences of temperature and H2O volume in the solid‐state transformation of two MOF phases and, for the first time, a phase diagram of MOFs has been depicted. This phase diagram reflects the gradual H2O‐/temperature‐dependent changes between Mn‐sdc‐1 and Mn‐sdc‐2, which is very meaningful in achieving the controllable synthesis of these two MOFs and lead to targeting the desired water‐stable structure. As a result, the obtained water‐stable Mn‐sdc‐2 can be developed as an excellent Pb2+ sensor in aqueous solution through the luminescence quenching effect with a limit of detection of 31.4 nm.
Thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione Oligothiophenes Have Two Crossed Paths for Electron Delocalization
Authors: Yuan Dafei , Medina Rivero Samara , Mayorga Burrezo Paula , Ren Longbin , Sandoval‐Salinas María E. , Grabowski Sławomir J. , Casanova David , Zhu Xiaozhang , Casado Juan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new series of electron‐deficient oligothiophenes, thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione oligothiophenes (OTPDn), from the monomer to hexamer, is reported. The optical and structural properties in the neutral states have been analyzed by absorption and emission spectroscopy together with vibrational Raman spectroscopy. In their reduced forms, these molecules could stabilize both anions and dianions in similar ways. For the dianions, two independent modes of electron conjugation of the charge excess were observed: the interdione path and the interthiophene path. The interference of these two paths highlighted the existence of a singlet diradical ground electronic state and the appearance of low‐energy, thermally accessible triplet states. These results provide valuable insights into the device performance of TPD‐based materials and for the rational design of new high‐performance organic semiconductors.
Mesoporous ZnFe2O4 Photoanodes with Template‐Tailored Mesopores and Temperature‐Dependent Photocurrents
Authors: Kirchberg Kristin , Wang Songcan , Wang Lianzhou , Marschall Roland 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMesoporous ZnFe2O4 photoanodes have been prepared via dip‐coating utilizing the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly of two different block‐copolymer templates to investigate the influence of pore geometry on the photoelectrochemcial performance of those earth‐abundant photoelectrodes. The use of commercial block copolymers, triblock copolymer Pluronic® F127 and the diblock copolymer PIB3000 as templates, leads to different pore morphologies under identical preparation conditions due to different polymer stabilities. Interestingly, pore morphology in mesoporous ZnFe2O4 turned out to be less important for the photoelectrochemical performance. Contrary, sufficiently developed crystalline domains gained through optimized temperature treatment resulted in maximum photoelectrochemical performance among the investigated samples. This disproves the necessity of expensive, tailor‐made polymer soft templates to synthesize high‐performing mesoporous ZnFe2O4 photoanodes.
Does persistence explain ESG disclosure decisions?
Authors: McBrayer Garrett A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdvocates of an increased focus on environmental, social and governance (ESG) initiatives have argued that increased ESG disclosure is a necessary first step. Given the limited regulatory requirements on ESG disclosure, managerial preference serves as a primary determinant of ESG transparency. Using data on ESG disclosure from Bloomberg, I examine the extent to which disclosure persistence on the behalf of firm management, as proxied by managerial tenure, affects firms' ESG disclosure strategies. Overall, I find that ESG disclosure quality and ESG disclosure variability are reduced as management tenure increases. Further, I find that the replacement of a firm's CEO interrupts disclosure persistence; e.g., median ESG disclosure scores increase by roughly 9.7% in the two years following the replacement of a firm's CEO. The results of this study highlight one inhibitor, i.e. persistence, to inducing more complete, transparent ESG disclosure.
Quasi‐solid‐State Electrolytes for Low‐Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting using a Cobalt Redox Couple
Authors: Taheri Abuzar , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Pozo‐Gonzalo Cristina , Pringle Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThermoelectrochemical cells, also known as thermocells, are electrochemical devices for the conversion of thermal energy directly into electricity. They are a promising method for harvesting low‐grade waste heat from a variety of different natural and manmade sources. The development of solid‐ or quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes for thermocells could address the possible leakage problems of liquid electrolytes and make this technology more applicable for wearable devices. Here, we report the gelation of an organic‐solvent‐based electrolyte system containing a redox couple for application in thermocell technologies. The effect of gelation of the liquid electrolyte, comprising a cobalt bipyridyl redox couple dissolved in 3‐methoxypropionitrile (MPN), on the performance of thermocells was investigated. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropene) (PVDF‐HFP) were used for gelation of the electrolyte, and the influence of the different polymers on the mechanical properties was studied. The Seebeck coefficient and diffusivity of the cobalt redox couple were measured in both liquid and gelled electrolytes, and the effect of gelation on the thermocell performance is reported. Finally, the cell performance was further improved by optimizing the concentration of the redox couple and the separation between the hot and cold electrodes, and the stability of the device over 25 h of operation is demonstrated.
Seizures in Namibia: A study of traditional health practitioners
Authors: du Toit Anina , Pretorius Chrisma 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveCountries in sub‐Saharan Africa are plagued by poor healthcare facilities, lack of specialist care, and limited financial resources. People with seizures often rely on the help of traditional health practitioners (THPs). Traditional health practices are not acknowledged in Namibia and remain unregulated and open to exploitation. We conducted a qualitative study to gain an understanding ofTHPs’ perceptions and experiences in delivering seizure care in Namibia.MethodsThis study formed part of a larger mixed‐method study that explored seizure care among healthcare providers (HCPs) in Namibia. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11THPs in Namibia. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes in the data. Themes were interpreted using the different levels of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory to illustrate the perceptions and experiences ofTHPs in the management of seizures.ResultsTHPs distinguish between seizures with physical causes and those caused by witchcraft, evil spirits, and supernatural forces.THPs acknowledge the role of Western medicine in the treatment of medically explained seizures (physical causes). Seizures as a result of medically unexplained symptoms (spiritual) are deemed best treated by traditional medicine (TM). Diagnostic and treatment practices are person‐specific and are guided by divination and the use of plant and animal material. Treatment success is measured by the complete absence of seizures. Biomedical treatment is seen as lacking due to its focus on seizure control and failure to provide a permanent cure.SignificanceIn countries with limited healthcare resources, the untapped potential ofTHPs may play a valuable role in bridging the treatment gap for seizures. IncorporatingTHPs into the healthcare system depends on proper regulation and clear demarcation of roles between service providers. Improved referral practices and collaboration between service providers will be of benefit for people with seizures who are often exposed to stigma and discrimination.
Contribution of instant amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacusL.)‐based vegetable soup to nourishment of boarding school adolescents
Authors: Ssepuuya Geoffrey , Katongole James , Tumuhimbise Gaston Ampek 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUganda has one of the youngest populations in the world with about 78% of its population below 30 years of age, most of which are adolescents. The boarding school diet fed to adolescents is rich in carbohydrates and proteins but lacks adequate amounts of micronutrients to meet the adolescentRDArequirements. This study aimed at contributing to the improvement of the nutritional status of boarding school adolescents in Uganda by developing an acceptable convenient instant vegetable soup rich in protein (12.30 ± 0.25–13.26 ± 0.25%), total carotenoids (154.19 ± 12.62–292.68 ± 3.56 RAE/μg), and iron (2.33 ± 0.06–4.37 ± 0.03 mg). The three soup formulations showed desirable reconstitution and instant characteristics owing to the observed functional properties. The soup had a high dispensability (69%–71%), water absorption capacity of 1.53–1.98 g/g, bulk density of 0.79–0.80 g/ml, and swelling capacity of 5.05–5.38 g/g. The overall sensory acceptability was within a range of 6.2–6.7 and not significantly different from the control commercial soup. The soups contributed over 25% of the adolescentRDArequirements for carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, and iron but not for zinc (5.7%) and calcium (9.7%). These results indicate the potential of the soup to improve the nutritional status of adolescents. However, there is a need for additional research to increase the formulated soups’ acceptability, its contribution to zinc and calciumRDAadolescent requirements, as well as to determine its bioavailability and shelf stability.
Interview
Authors: Haszeldine Stuart 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPerhaps the most significant issue for some countries where curbing carbon emissions is concerned is not the capture or the transport, but the storage. The reality is the ideal geology is needed for the safe storage of carbon dioxide and for some countries this is not necessarily a straight forward issue. However a novel approach has been developed through a UK/China research team which could open up whole new reservoirs of storage in those geographical regions where, currently, storage options are limited.In this article Professor Stuart Haszeldine (PSH), from the University of Edinburgh's School of GeoSciences, explains the most recent developments in CO2 storage to GHGS&T.
Leukocyte telomere length associates with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk and survival in Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Ko Josephine Mun‐Yee , Tsang Kay Hiu‐Ki , Dai Wei , Choi Sheyne Sta Ana , Leong Merrin Man‐Long , Ngan Roger Kai‐Cheong , Kwong Dora Lai‐Wan , Cheng Ashley , Lee Anne Wing‐Mui , Ng Wai Tong , Tung Stewart , Lee Victor Ho‐Fun , Lam Ka‐On , Chan Candy King‐Chi , Lung Maria Li 
Published: June 2018

Telomere shortening occurs as an early event in tumorigenesis. The TERT‐CLPTM1L locus associates with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk. It remains unknown if leukocyte telomere length (LTL) associates with NPC risk and survival. The relative LTL (rLTL) was measured by quantitative‐PCR in 2,996 individuals comprised of 1,284 NPC cases and 1712 matched controls. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by logistic regression. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI were calculated by Cox regression for survival analysis with rLTL and other clinical parameters in 1,243 NPC with a minimum follow‐up period of 25 months. NPC patients had significantly shorter telomere length than controls. Shorter rLTL significantly associated with increased NPC risk, when the individuals were dichotomized into long and short telomeres based on median‐split rLTL in the control group (OR = 2.317; 95% CI = 1.989–2.700, p = 4.10 × 10−27). We observed a significant dose–response association (ptrend = 3.26 × 10−34) between rLTL and NPC risk with OR being 3.555 (95% CI = 2.853–4.429) for the individuals in the first quartile (shortest) compared with normal individuals in the fourth quartile (longest). A multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted by age demonstrated an independent effect of rLTL on NPC survival for late‐stage NPC patients, when the individuals were categorized into suboptimal rLTL versus the medium rLTL based on a threshold set from normal (HR = 1.471, 95% CI = 1.056–2.048, p = 0.022). Shorter blood telomeres may be markers for higher susceptibility for NPC risk. Suboptimal rLTL may be a poor prognostic factor for advanced NPC patients, as it associates independently with poor survival.
Dysfunctional beliefs towards motherhood and postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms: Uncovering the role of experiential avoidance
Authors: Fonseca Ana , Monteiro Fabiana , Canavarro Maria Cristina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relationship between dysfunctional motherhood‐related beliefs and postpartum anxiety and depression symptoms, and whether experiential avoidance may be a potential mechanism in explaining these relationships.MethodA sample of 262 postpartum women participated in a cross‐sectional online survey.ResultsThe model presented a good fit (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.077) suggesting that more dysfunctional motherhood‐related beliefs related with maternal responsibility and with others’ judgments were associated with higher postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms. Indirect effects through experiential avoidance were also found.ConclusionsDysfunctional motherhood‐related beliefs are cognitive vulnerabilities for postpartum psychological disorders and should be assessed to identify women that may be prone to early interventions. Moreover, dysfunctional beliefs seem to affect psychopathological symptoms by activating experiential avoidance strategies (e.g., rumination), which may accentuate the frequency of women's negative thoughts and emotions. Early interventions should target the promotion of acceptance of private negative experiences (psychological flexibility).
Information sharing and decision‐making in multidisciplinary crisis management teams
Authors: Uitdewilligen Sjir , Waller Mary J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMultidisciplinary crisis management teams consist of highly experienced professionals who combine their discipline‐specific expertise in order to respond to critical situations characterized by high levels of uncertainty, complexity, and dynamism. Although the existing literatures on team information processing and decision‐making are mature, research specifically investigating multidisciplinary teams facing crisis situations is limited; however, given increasingly turbulent external environments that produce complex crisis situations, increasing numbers of organizations are likely to call upon multidisciplinary teams to address such events. In this paper, we investigate information processing and decision‐making behaviors in an exploratory study of 12 organizational multidisciplinary crisis management teams. We identify three types of information sharing and track the emergence of distinct communicative phases as well as differences between high‐ and low‐performing teams in the occurrence of sequences of information sharing behaviors. We close by discussing implications for research in this area and for managers of crisis management teams.