bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype–phenotype correlation study and mutational and hormonal analysis in a Chinese cohort with 21‐hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Xu Chao , Jia Wenyu , Cheng Xiangdeng , Ying Hui , Chen Jing , Xu Jin , Guan Qingbo , Zhou Xinli , Zheng Dongmei , Li Guimei , Zhao Jiajun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSteroid 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is the most common enzymatic defect, but the genotype–phenotype associations have not been well established in Chinese patients. Here, a Chinese 21OHD cohort was enrolled to investigate the clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of this disorder.MethodsMutation analysis of CYP21A2 gene, 21‐hydroxylase activity assays and in silico predictions of protein structure were performed. Genotype–phenotype associations were analyzed in both the cohort and 487 Chinese CAH patients ever reported.ResultsAmong the total cohort (72 patients), 47 patients (65.3%) were diagnosed as salt‐wasting (SW) phenotype, 11 (15.3%) were simple virilizing (SV) type, and 14 (19.4%) were nonclassic (NC) type. The value of FSH and LH for prediction of the SW phenotype was up to 0.862 and 0.669, respectively. Overall, the detection rate of CYP21A2 mutation was 97.9%, which revealed 25 mutations and 36 genotypes. Four novel mutations (p.L199X, p.E321del, p.H393Q, and p.L459‐P464del) were detected and induced a significantly reduced 21‐hydroxylase activity. Generally, disease severity can be predicted with the genotypes. The most common genotypes in Chinese population were I2G/I2G (12.5%), I2G/Large lesion (12.1%), I173N/I2G (10.3%), and I173N/Large lesion (9.2%). The SW form of CAH is prominent in deletion or intronic splice mutations, namely I2G/I2G (18.6%), I2G/Large lesion (17.2%) and Large lesion/Large lesion (8.6%).ConclusionFour novel mutations were identified and a high consistency of genotype–phenotype association was found in SW CAH. Moreover, FSH and LH levels were proved to be a promising marker for predicting the severity of the disease.
Ion‐imprinted poly(methyl methacrylate‐vinyl pyrrolidone)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) blending membranes for selective removal of ruthenium(III) from acidic water solutions
Authors: Zeng Jianxian , Zhang Zhe , Zhou Hu , Liu Guoqing , Liu Yuan , Zeng Lingwei , Jian Jian , Yuan Zhengqiu 
Published: April 2019

While conventional approaches have been studied for removal of ruthenium(III) ions (Ru(III)), this work focuses on the applicability of ion‐imprinted poly(methyl methacrylate‐vinyl pyrrolidone)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) blending membranes (Ru(III)–ion‐imprinted membrane[IIM]) for selective removal of Ru(III) from acidic water solutions. In order to measure the effectiveness of these imprinted membranes, after fabrication, binding experiments were done with aqueous Ru(III) solutions. The results showed that Ru(III)‐IIMs were fabricated successfully at various blending ratios, and their chemical components, microstructures, hydrophilicity, and water fluxes were measured. In pH range 0.5 to 5.0, binding capacity (Qe) of Ru(III) onto Ru(III)‐IIM increases remarkably with pH and then reaches to a maximum value (53.52 mg/g) at pH 1.5. After that, Qe gradually decreases. Compared with a nonimprinted membrane, Ru(III)‐IIM demonstrates higher selectivity for Ru(III) at pH 1.5 in the presence of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions, and its selectivity coefficients for Ru(III)/Ni(II) and Ru(III)/Cu(II) are 3.70 and 3.32, respectively. Also, Ru(III)‐IIM shows a good chemical stability and reusability. C─N and C═O bonds within poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) segments of poly(methyl methacrylate‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (P(MMA‐VP)) participate the uptake of Ru(III). Ru(III)‐IIM exhibited excellent hydrophilicity and Ru(III) selective adsorption ability and reusability and has potential to be used for Ru(III) removal from acidic water solutions.
Decrease in the Particle Size and Coercivity of Self‐Assembled CoNi Nanoparticles Synthesized Under a Repulsive Magnetic Field
Authors: ur Rehman Sajid , Ahmed Rida , Liu Jian , Wang Jingmin , Sun Mingze , Fang Zhenbin , Aslam Muhammad Adnan , Morais Paulo Cesar , Wang Chunchang , Bi Hong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTowards the challenge for synthesis of smaller‐sized heterostructures and hybrid composites for nanomagnets and magnetic fluid applications. Here, a novel method is reported to reduce the particle size of Cobalt–Nickel (CoNi) magnetic nanoparticles by placing them between a static, repulsive magnetic field (N–N/S–S) during synthesis in contrast to the conventional method of applying an attractive (N–S) magnetic field. The obtained smaller sized‐CoNi nanoparticles (≈40 nm) possess a uniform size, an excellent monodispersity, and outstanding magnetic properties. The results clearly demonstrate that the size and morphology change of CoNi nanoparticles have great influence on their magnetic properties. This study provides a footprint to design new heterostructured magnetic nanomaterials under the same‐poled magnetic field for potential applications in magnetic fluids, spintronics, and other related industries.
Anion Selective Disruption of Strong Intramolecular –NH⋅⋅⋅O=C Hydrogen Bonds in a Nonchromogenic Tripodal Benzoylthiourea Receptor to Display Colorimetric Response
Authors: Dey Sandeep Kumar , Hernández Beatriz Gil , D'Souza Milagrina , Mhaldar Shashank N. , Gobre Vivekanand V. , Dhuri Sunder N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTris(2‐aminoethyl)amine based tripodal benzoylthiourea receptor (L) showed colorimetric response for fluoride and acetate in aprotic solvents within a range of competitive anions studied. The strong intramolecular –NH⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bonding in the C3 symmetric receptor was not disrupted upon addition of any other anions except for fluoride and acetate as confirmed by 1H‐NMR experiments in DMSO‐d6. The cavity of the tripodal receptor is locked due to the inward orientation of the intramolecular hydrogen bonded donor‐acceptor groups as confirmed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Fluoride and acetate could selectively disrupt the intramolecular –NH⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bonds to establish intermolecular hydrogen bonds with both the –NH protons from each receptor side arm and showed visual colour change from colourless to yellow. However, hydrogen bonding observed in the solution state does not provide sufficient stabilization to the receptor fluoride/acetate complexes to be crystallized in the solid state and the receptor crystallised as solvates both from DMSO and THF in the presence of excess fluoride/acetate. From UV‐vis and 1H‐NMR experiments, it was confirmed that the colorimetric sensing by the nonchromogenic benzoylthiourea receptor is due to strong hydrogen bonding between thiourea –NH groups and fluoride/acetate.
Multi‐Dentate Carbazole Based Schiff Base Dyes with Chlorovinylene Group in Spacer for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study.
Authors: Lokhande Prerana K M. , Sonigara Keval K. , Jadhav Manoj M. , Patil Dinesh S. , Soni Saurabh S. , Sekar Nagaiyan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFour new metal free organic Schiff bases employing N‐hexyl/N‐phenyl carbazole moiety as a donor, 1‐chlorobuta‐1,3‐diene as a π‐bridge and 4‐amino salicylic acid as an anchor, are designed, synthesized and investigated as photosensitizers in the dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We have studied the combined effect of the introduction of electronegative chlorine group with an additional double bond in π‐conjugation and 4‐amino salicylic acid as a tridentate anchoring group, on the optoelectronic, theoretical and photovoltaic performance of the dyes. The halogen electronegativity and strong polarization of the C–X bond represented interesting acceptor moieties for organic push–pull systems. The designed strategy leads to red‐shifted absorption maxima and reduced band gap. Density functional theory (DFT) and Time dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) are used to support the performance of the obtained carbazole based Schiff‐base dyes. When compared with the other three dyes, 3b exhibited the smallest band gap (2.86 eV), red‐shifted absorption spectra on TiO2 surface (453 nm) and improved nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Among the four reported dyes, 3b exhibited the excellent photovoltaic performance, short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 10.60 mA/cm2, open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.626 V and fill factor (FF) of 70.0 %, conforming to a total power conversion efficiency of 4.3% under 1 sun light illumination due to the presence of two anchoring groups with multiple binding sites on TiO2 surface leading to efficient charge injection. NLO properties are examined theoretically and dye 3b exhibited the highest value of the first hyperpolarizability (β) amongst all four dyes which are in good agreement with exhibited highest DSSC efficiency. The present work revealed that the incorporation of electronegative chlorine group in π‐conjugation and the use of double acceptors with multiple binding sites for better adsorption on TiO2 surface are crucial to supplement the efficiency of the dye.
A π‐Conjugated Chromophore Dye and Its Functional Paper Strips for Visually On‐Site Sensing F− and Its Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Hu Lei , Xu Jie , Wang Cong , Zhu Yanjie , Tang Yulian , Yin Liwen , Yan Zhengquan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn improved D−A‐D typed π‐conjugated optical chromophore (PBHPI) with multi‐activated recognition sites and its functionalized testing‐paper strips were constructed and developed, for the first time, based on B3LYP/6‐31G level of theory in Gaussian 03 suite. After its UV‐vis spectral property was investigated in detail, it was noted to find that the target PBHPI and its functionalized paper strips could conclusively react with F− with obvious color change from light yellow to dark red. Under the optimized experimental conditions, both PBHPI and its functionalized paper‐strips could selectively recognize F− with a double‐wavelength colorimetric response to realize a wide linear range from 5.0 ×10–6 mol/L to 1.4 ×10–4 mol/L. The present sensing systems were successfully applied for visually on‐site monitoring F− in some commercial organic and toothpaste samples simply and conveniently. The recognition mechanism was confirmed to be the deprotonating mechanism to form multiple hydrogen bonds as what we expected.
Clean Synthesis and Formation Mechanisms of High‐Purity Silicon for Solar Cells by the Carbothermic Reduction of SiC with SiO2
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Shuai , Jiang Shengnan , Kong Jian , Wang Xiaofeng , Gao Bo , Xing Pengfei , Luo Xuetao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetallurgical synthesis of solar grade silicon (SoG−Si) is an existing challenge due to the strict chemical composition of silicon for solar cells. Here, we report a green and facile approach to synthesize high‐purity silicon (99.98 wt%, 0.12 ppmw B and 0.18 ppmw P) for solar cells by the carbothermic reduction of SiC with SiO2 in a vacuum graphite resistance furnace. Catalyst of Fe2O3 plays the role of reducing the concentration of CO(g), lowering the energy consumption and improving the purity and yield of silicon. The present work is one‐step to obtain silicon with less B and P, but it is composed of silicon synthesis, oxidation refining, vacuum refining and blowing refining, which discloses an innovative chemical concepts of in‐situ synthesis combined with refining. According to the characterizations of the reacted SiC particles performed by XRD, Raman, PL, XPS, SEM and TEM, the morphologies and formation mechanisms of the in‐situ silicon from the horizons of atomic scale were revealed for the first time. It was evidenced conclusively that the Si−C bonding is broken from the (006) planes of 6H‐SiC at 1850°C by the reaction of SiC(s) + 2SiO2(l)=3SiO(g) + CO(g), and then the silicon nucleates on the (101) planes of 6H‐SiC and grows along the [111] direction at 1950°C via the vapor‐solid reaction of SiO(g) + SiC(s)=2Si(l) + CO(g).
A Facile Route to Prepare PMMA/SiO2 Core‐Shell Particles and PMMA Microcapsules via Sonochemical Graft Polymerization
Authors: Guo Sheng‐Wei , Wang Xin , Wang Gu‐Xia , Nie Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUltrasonically initiated graft polymerization is employed to prepare poly (methyl methacrylate)/silicon dioxide (PMMA/SiO2) core‐shell particles and PMMA microcapsules. Monodisperse SiO2 particles are obtained by the Stöber method. Its surface is modified with γ‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (MPS) to introduce unsaturated double bonds. And then MMA and MPS are copolymerized under ultrasonic initiation to prepare PMMA/SiO2 core‐shell particles. PMMA microcapsules are obtained by etching SiO2 with the HF aqueous solution. The morphology and size of the core‐shell particles and polymer microcapsules are analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The encapsulation state is determined using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The results show that both the core‐shell particles and the polymer microcapsules have perfect core‐shell or hollow structures. The control of shell thickness can be easily realized by adjusting the amount of monomer, e. g. 30 nm, 50 nm and 80 nm, respectively. And in the inner of the shell, PMMA is anchored onto the surface of SiO2 core with covalent bonds. As the monomer amount increases, the contents of Si, O, and C change accordingly. And the polymer shell would become denser and thicker.
Zn(II) Di‐isobutyldithiocarbamate Complex Enabled Efficient Synthesis of Au/ZnS Nanocomposite Core‐shell in One Pot
Authors: Biswas Rathindranath , Singh Harjinder , Banerjee Biplab , Haldar Krishna K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHere, we demonstrate a one pot synthesis of gold/zinc sulphide (Au/ZnS) core‐shell type composite nanostructure via thermal decomposition of single molecular precursor Zn(II)di‐isobutyldithiocarbamate complex. In these Au/ZnS core‐shell type hybrid nanostructures where ZnS quantum dots are assembled onto Au nanoparticles surface were prepared via a facile and reproducible approach under mild conditions. The crystalline nature and interface of these Au/ZnS core‐shell type composite nanostructures were confirmed by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and inverted TEM images. Here Zn(II)di‐isobutyldithiocarbamate complex acts as ZnS source as well as reducing and stabilizing agent for Au0 at their nanoscale range by coating in the reaction medium.
Therapeutic effects of shikonin on skin lesions in mouse models of allergic dermatitis and wound
Authors: Kadoyama Keiichi , Takenokuchi Mariko , Matsuura Kenji , Shichiri Hiroaki , Watanabe Aimi , Yamaguchi Hirotsugu , Takahashi Hisashi , Takano‐Ohmuro Hiromi , Taniguchi Taizo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to examine the beneficial effects of shikonin on skin lesions in mouse models of allergic dermatitis and wound.MethodsMouse models of allergic dermatitis and wound were generated by spreading an allergic‐inducing reagent on the dorsal skin and earflaps, and by punching the dorsal skin, respectively. The effects of shikonin on allergic dermatitis was evaluated on frequency of scratching, clinical severity of dermatitis and immunohistochemistry. The effect of shikonin on wound healing compared with steroid was evaluated by the size of the wound area.ResultsShikonin treatment not only improved allergic dermatitis, but also prevented the onset of allergic dermatitis. Furthermore, shikonin promoted wound healing in a mouse model of skin wound. In contrast, steroid (betamethasone) treatment, which is often applied to treat allergic dermatitis, delayed wound healing in the mouse model of allergic dermatitis.ConclusionShikonin can be used as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic dermatitis including atopic dermatitis.
Conclusion
Authors: Vickstrom Erik R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMigrants from Senegal have gained renown for their mobility, especially to European destinations. In 2010 Senegalese migrants accounted for more than 4% of migrants born in sub-Saharan Africa living in OECD countries, while Senegal accounted for less than 1.5% of the total population of sub-Saharan Africa. Senegalese migrants were the largest sub-Saharan African migrant group in Italy and Spain in 2010, accounting respectively for 23% and 27% of all sub-Saharan migrants, and the third-largest such group in France, accounting for 13% of the population born in this region. Senegalese also made up a significant share of the overall foreign-born population in these three destination countries: almost 1% in Spain, 1.3% in Italy, and 1.6% in France. While Senegalese migrants have established a presence overseas, they have also profoundly shaped the economy and culture of Senegal. Not only does Senegal rank third in sub-Saharan Africa in the total volume of cash remittances received, but a “culture of migration” has emerged in Senegal that values the economic and social contributions of emigrants. Senegalese migrants themselves also remain connected to Senegal for their sense of social status.
Imprints of Schwinger effect on primordial spectra
Authors: Chua Wan Zhen , Ding Qianhang , Wang Yi , Zhou Siyi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study the Schwinger effect during inflation and its imprints on the primordial power spectrum and bispectrum. The produced charged particles by Schwinger effect during inflation can leave a unique angular dependence on the primodial spectra.
The Benefits of Docetaxel Plus Cisplatin and 5‐Fluorouracil Induction Therapy in Conversion to Curative Treatment for Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Takeuchi Masashi , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Mayanagi Shuhei , Yoshida Kayo , Irino Tomoyuki , Fukuda Kazumasa , Nakamura Rieko , Wada Norihito , Takeuchi Hiroya , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDefinitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT), used for treatment of patients with an initial diagnosis of unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer, has led to unsatisfactory long‐term prognosis. Moreover, CRT can lead to esophageal fistula, perforation, and strictures. Therefore, strong induction chemotherapeutic treatments are necessary to reduce the tumor volume for subsequent radical esophagectomy. This study aimed to determine the oncological utility of docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (DCF) and the technical feasibility of subsequent esophagectomy for locally advanced esophageal cancer.MethodsEighty‐seven patients with clinical borderline unresectable T3 and T4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma without distant metastases were included in this study. There were 44 patients in primary DCF group and 43 patients in definitive CRT group, and perioperative and long‐term oncological outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsTwenty‐two patients (50%) achieved R0 resection in the DCF group. Albeit not significant, the rate of curative treatment was higher in the DCF group than the definitive CRT group (p = 0.099). The overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were better with DCF than with definitive CRT (median OS, 29 vs. 17 months, p = 0.206; median PFS, 10 vs. 6 months, p = 0.020). Specifically, the OS of patients with a Charlson score of less than 3 among the DCF‐treated patients tended to be better than those among the definitive CRT‐treated patients.ConclusionDCF and subsequent esophagectomy achieved R0 resection in 50% of the patients and was associated with better long‐term oncological outcomes in patients with initially unresectable esophageal cancer if their systemic status is acceptable.
Rectal carcinoid tumor: diagnosis and management
Authors: Viana Charlene , Marques Isabel , Staubus Adriano , Martins Sandra F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe authors present a case of rectal carcinoid tumor in an asymptomatic patient who sought a coloproctology service with the purpose of colorectal cancer prevention. During colonoscopy, a polyp lesion was found in the rectum, and it was resected with a polypectomy loop. Anatomopathological examination revealed a rectal carcinoid tumor with compromised margins. The lesion site was resected again and pathological exam no longer showed neoplasia. A systematic review of the issue was performed, discussing diagnosis aspects, difficulties in the choice of therapeutic approaches, and prognosis. The conclusion is that the rarity of the disease brings difficulties in the choice of treatment; although it has a good prognosis in most cases, its malignant potential cannot be underestimated.
Resource Wealth as Leverage: Natural Resources and the Failure of Non-Violent Campaigns
Authors: Kirisci Mustafa , Demirhan Emirhan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile the growing body of research on non-violent political movements centres on the idea that choosing non-violence tends to produce more favourable outcomes for dissidents, the question of why some non-violent campaigns still fail has not been sufficiently empirically investigated. Building on the extant research on the effects of group dynamics and certain external actors, we examine the role of the natural resource wealth of target states on the outcomes of non-violent campaigns. We hypothesize that the probability that a non-violent movement will fail increases as the target state's natural resource wealth increases. This natural resource wealth could serve to neutralize the potential for support from both domestic and external actors, thereby increasing the risk of failure. The results of our statistical analyses support our hypothesis and suggest that non-violent campaigns are more likely to fail in states with higher natural resource wealth, particularly that which stems from oil.
Managing polyuria during lithium treatment: a preliminary prospective observational study
Authors: Kinahan J. C. , Ní Chorcoráin A. , Cunningham S. , Barry S. , Kelly B. D. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:Lithium-treated patients with polyuria are at increased risk of lithium toxicity. We aimed to describe the clinical benefits and risks of different management strategies for polyuria in community lithium-treated patients.Methods:This is a naturalistic, observational, prospective 12-month cohort study of lithium-treated patients with polyuria attending a community mental health service in Dublin, Ireland. When polyuria was detected, management changed in one of four ways: (a) no pharmacological change; (b) lithium dose decrease; (c) lithium substitution; or (d) addition of amiloride.Results:Thirty-four participants were diagnosed with polyuria and completed prospective data over 12 months. Mean 24-hour urine volume decreased from 4852 to 4344 ml (p = 0.038). Mean early morning urine osmolality decreased from 343 to 338 mOsm/kg (p = 0.823). Mean 24-hour urine volume decreased with each type of intervention but did not attain statistical significance for any individual intervention group. Mean early morning urine osmolality decreased in participants with no pharmacological change and increased in participants who received a change in medication but these changes did not attain statistical significance. Only participants who discontinued lithium demonstrated potentially clinically significant changes in urine volume (mean decrease 747 ml in 24 hours) and early morning urine osmolality (mean increase 31 mOsm/kg) although this was not definitively proven, possibly owing to power issues.Conclusions:Managing polyuria by decreasing lithium dose does not appear to substantially improve objective measures of renal tubular dysfunction, whereas substituting lithium may do so. Studies with larger numbers and longer follow-up would clarify these relationships.