bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What evidence exists relating to effectiveness of ecotechnologies in agriculture for the recovery and reuse of carbon and nutrients in the Baltic and boreo-temperate regions? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Haddaway Neal R. , Piniewski Mikołaj , Macura Biljana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
The degradation of the water quality of the Baltic Sea is an ongoing problem, despite investments in measures to reduce external inputs of pollutants and nutrients from both diffuse and point sources. Excessive inputs of nutrients coming from the surrounding land are among the primary causes of the Baltic Sea eutrophication. Diffuse sources, of which most originate from agricultural activities, are two dominant riverine pollution pathways for both nitrogen and phosphorus. Recently, there is growing attention on the reuse of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural waste streams. However, to our knowledge, no comprehensive and systematic assessment of ecotechnologies focusing on recovery or reuse of these substances in the agricultural sector is available.

Methods
This map will examine what evidence exists relating to effectiveness of ecotechnologies (here defined as ‘human interventions in social-ecological systems in the form of practices and/or biological, physical, and chemical processes designed to minimise harm to the environment and provide services of value to society’) in agriculture for the reuse of carbon and/or nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the Baltic Sea region and boreo-temperate systems. We will search for both academic and grey literature: English language searches will be performed in 4 bibliographic databases and search platforms, and Google Scholar, while searches in 38 specialist websites will be performed in English, Finnish, Polish and Swedish. The searches will be restricted to the period 2013 to 2017. Eligibility screening will be conducted at two levels: title and abstract (screened concurrently for efficiency) and full text. Meta-data will be extracted from eligible studies including bibliographic details, study location, ecotechnology name and description, type of outcome (i.e. recovered or reused carbon and/or nutrients), type of ecotechnology in terms of recovery source, and type of reuse (in terms of the end-product). Findings will be presented narratively and in a searchable geographically explicit database, visualised in an evidence atlas (an interactive geographical information system). Knowledge gaps and knowledge clusters in the evidence base will be identified and described.
Warping least-squares inversion for 4D velocity change: Gulf of Mexico case study
Authors: Li Chang , Meadows Mark , Dygert Todd 
Published: January 2019

We have developed a new trace-based, warping least-squares inversion method to quantify 4D velocity changes. There are two steps to solve for these velocity changes: (1) dynamic warping with phase constraints to align the baseline and monitor traces and (2) least-squares inversion for 4D velocity changes incorporating the time shifts and 4D amplitude differences (computed after trace alignment by warping). We have demonstrated this new inversion workflow using simple synthetic layered models. For the noise-free case, phase-constrained warping is superior to standard, amplitude-based warping by improving trace alignment, resulting in more accurate inverted velocity changes (less than 1% error). For synthetic data with 6% rms noise, inverted velocity changes are reasonably accurate (less than 10% error). Additional inversion tests with migrated finite-difference data shot over a realistic anticline model result in less than 10% error. The inverted velocity changes on a 4D field data set from the Gulf of Mexico are more interpretable and consistent with the dynamic reservoir model than those estimated from the conventional time-strain method.
A crucial role for Arf6 in the response of commissural axons to Slit
Authors: Kinoshita-Kawada Mariko , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Hongu Tsunaki , Yanagi Shigeru , Kanaho Yasunori , Masai Ichiro , Mishima Takayasu , Chen Xiaoping , Tsuboi Yoshio , Rao Yi , Yuasa-Kawada Junichi , Wu Jane Y. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
A switch in the response of commissural axons to the repellent Slit is crucial for ensuring that they cross the ventral midline only once. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We have found that both endocytosis and recycling of Robo1 receptor are crucial for modulating Slit sensitivity in vertebrate commissural axons. Robo1 endocytosis and its recycling back to the cell surface maintained the stability of axonal Robo1 during Slit stimulation. We identified Arf6 guanosine triphosphatase and its activators, cytohesins, as previously unknown components in Slit-Robo1 signalling in vertebrate commissural neurons. Slit-Robo1 signalling activated Arf6. The Arf6-deficient mice exhibited marked defects in commissural axon midline crossing. Our data showed that a Robo1 endocytosis-triggered and Arf6-mediated positive-feedback strengthens the Slit response in commissural axons upon their midline crossing. Furthermore, the cytohesin-Arf6 pathways modulated this self-enhancement of the Slit response before and after midline crossing, resulting in a switch that reinforced robust regulation of axon midline crossing. Our study provides insights into endocytic trafficking-mediated mechanisms for spatiotemporally controlled axonal responses and uncovers new players in the midline switch in Slit responsiveness of commissural axons.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy in cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review
Authors: Frakulli Rezarta , Buwenge Milly , Macchia Gabriella , Cammelli Silvia , Deodato Francesco , Cilla Savino , Cellini Francesco , Mattiucci Gian C. , Bisello Silvia , Brandi Giovanni , Parisi Salvatore , Morganti Alessio G. 
Published: January 2019

Objective
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been used in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) but toxicity and clinical results of SBRT in CC are still limited and sparse. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to analyze the results of SBRT in the setting of advanced CC.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library using the PRISMA methodology. Studies including at least 10 patients with diagnosis of advanced CC regardless of tumor site and other treatments were included. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints were local control (LC) and toxicity rates. The ROBINS-I risk of bias tool was used.

Results
10 studies (231 patients) fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in this review. All but one study showed moderate to serious risk of bias. Median follow up was 15 months (range: 7.8–64.0 months). Pooled 1 year OS was 58.3% (95% CI: 50.2–66.1%) and pooled 2 year OS was 35.5% (95% CI: 22.1–50.1%). Pooled 1 year LC was 83.4%, (95% CI: 76.5–89.4%). The reported toxicities were acceptable and manageable with only one treatment-related death.

Conclusion
The role of SBRT in CC is not yet supported by robust evidence in literature. However, within this limit, preliminary results seem almost comparable to the ones of standard chemotherapy or chemoradiation.

Advances in knowledge
SBRT seems effective in terms of LC with acceptable treatment-related toxicities. Therefore, SBRT can be considered a therapeutic option at least in selected patients with CC, possibly combined with adjuvant chemotherapy (CHT).
Effects of lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma on design of radiotherapy target volume
Authors: Pan Guobing , Pan Haitao , Zhang Yuang , Shuai Haitao 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To analyze the correlation between lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), clinical, pathological factors and to provide a reference for the outline of clinical target volume.
Methods: The pathological characteristics of 1034 thoracic ESCC patients after surgery were described, and the correlations between clinical and pathological factors and lymph node metastasis were studied by univariate and Logistic multivariate analyses.
Results: Lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with tumor length, invasion depth and differentiation degree (P<0.01), but not gender, age, tumor site or pathological type (P>0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that tumor length, invasion depth and differentiation degree were independent risk factors for thoracic ESCC. The lymph node metastasis rates of mid-thoracic ESCC in the middle mediastinum, lower-thoracic ESCC in the lower mediastinum and abdominal cavity were 18.5%, 35.3% and 19.7% respectively in the T1-T2 stage. In the T3-T4 stage, the lymph node metastasis rates of mid-thoracic ESCC in the middle mediastinum and abdominal cavity were 39.6% and 17.4% respectively, and those of lower-thoracic ESCC in middle and lower mediastina and abdominal cavity were 21.1%, 43.4% and 29.8% respectively. Highly/moderately differentiated mid-thoracic ESCC in the middle mediastinum, lower-thoracic ESCC in middle and lower mediastina and abdominal cavity had the lymph node metastasis rates of 34.7%, 15.1%, 33.5% and 23.7% respectively. Lowly differentiated mid-thoracic ESCC in the middle mediastinum and abdominal cavity had the lymph node metastasis rates of 46.9% a 29.6% respectively, and those of lower-thoracic ESCC in middle and lower mediastina and abdominal cavity were 25.5%, 49.1% and 27.3% respectively.
Conclusion: During the outline of radiotherapy target volume for thoracic ESCC, tumor length, invasion depth and differentiation degree should be comprehensively considered to selectively irradiate the regions prone to lymph node metastasis.
How to cite this:Pan G, Pan H, Zhang Y, Shuai H. Effects of lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma on design of radiotherapy target volume. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):177-182. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.431
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Analysis of CDKN1C in fetal growth restriction and pregnancy loss
Authors: Suntharalingham Jenifer P. , Ishida Miho , Buonocore Federica , del Valle Ignacio , Solanky Nita , Demetriou Charalambos , Regan Lesley , Moore Gudrun E. , Achermann John C. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) is a key negative regulator of cell growth encoded by a paternally imprinted/maternally expressed gene in humans. Loss-of-function variants in CDKN1C are associated with an overgrowth condition (Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome) whereas “gain-of-function” variants in CDKN1C that increase protein stability cause growth restriction as part of IMAGe syndrome (Intrauterine growth restriction, Metaphyseal dysplasia, Adrenal hypoplasia and Genital anomalies). As two families have been reported with CDKN1C mutations who have fetal growth restriction (FGR)/Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) without adrenal insufficiency, we investigated whether pathogenic variants in CDKN1C could be associated with isolated growth restriction or recurrent loss of pregnancy. Methods: Analysis of published literature was undertaken to review the localisation of variants in CDKN1C associated with IMAGe syndrome or fetal growth restriction. CDKN1C expression in different tissues was analysed in available RNA-Seq data (Human Protein Atlas). Targeted sequencing was used to investigate the critical region of CDKN1C for potential pathogenic variants in SRS (n=58), FGR (n=26), DNA from spontaneous loss of pregnancy (n= 21) and women with recurrent miscarriages (n=71) (total n=176). Results: All published single nucleotide variants associated with IMAGe syndrome are located in a highly-conserved “hot-spot” within the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C between codons 272-279. Variants associated with familial growth restriction but normal adrenal function currently affect codons 279 and 281. CDKN1C is highly expressed in the placenta compared to adult tissues, which may contribute to the FGR phenotype and supports a role in pregnancy maintenance. In the patient cohorts studied no pathogenic variants were identified in the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C. Conclusion: CDKN1C is a key negative regulator of growth. Variants in a very localised “hot-spot” cause growth restriction, with or without adrenal insufficiency. However, pathogenic variants in this region are not a common cause of isolated fetal growth restriction phenotypes or loss-of-pregnancy/recurrent miscarriages.
O uso de ciberataques em eleições e as Relações Internacionais | The use of cyberattacks in elections and International Relations
Authors: Honório Thiago Jacobino 
Published: January 2019

Durante a campanha presidencial dos Estados Unidos no ano de 2016 o governo do país acusou agentes de inteligência russa de usarem ataques cibernéticos contra a empresa que produzia softwares que são usados no sistema eleitoral do país. Apesar de interferências em democracias não serem novas, o caso representa uma tendência na qual o meio cibernético torna-se um valioso recurso, pois, com o avanço da tecnologia da informatização os sistemas eleitorais vem se tornando digitalizados acarretando grande vulnerabilidade especialmente para os países em desenvolvimento. O trabalho tem por objetivo expor a questão do uso dos ataques cibernéticos em eleições. Sustenta que haverá uma tendência a este tipo de intervenção como estratégia política de atores internacionais. Como estudo de caso o trabalho irá se basear na eleição dos E.U.A em 2016 e eventos semelhantes no mesmo período.ABSTRACTDuring the United States presidential campaign in 2016, the country's government has accused Russian intelligence agents of using cyber attacks against a company that produces software used in the country's electoral system. Although interference in democracies is not new, the case represents a trend in which the cybernetic medium becomes a valuable resource because the advancement of computer technology electoral systems are becoming digitalised which are causing great vulnerability especially for developing countries. This paper aims to expose the issue of the use of cyber attacks in elections. It sustains that there will be a tendency to this type of intervention as a political strategy of international actors. As a case study the work will be based on the US election in 2016 and similar events in the same period.Palavras-chave: Relações Internacionais; ciberataques; eleiçõesKeywords: International Relations, cyberattacks; elections Recebido em 30 de Janeiro de 2018.
The orthodontic/endodontic interface part 4
Authors: Anwar Hamza , Darcey James , Malik Ovais H 
Published: January 2019

Abstract: The final part of this four part series will review the effects of orthodontic treatment with endodontically treated teeth. There are few published articles on the challenges faced when treatment planning cases with the integration of both endodontics and orthodontics. This article will aim to summarize the implications of endodontic treatment on orthodontic tooth movement using current evidence, followed by some case examples highlighting aspects of the orthodontic-endodontic interface. CPD/Clinical Relevance: With an increase in the number of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, there is a greater need for clinicians to be aware of the orthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth and also managing endodontic complications during orthodontic treatment.
The revitalization of a craft economy: The case of Scottish knitting
Authors: Halbert Jade 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the 1980s, Vivienne Weir knitted for money at home, her skills – little remunerated – realizing in luxurious yarns the fashionable imaginings of a local designer. In 2018, Kate Davies knits at home, her skills the foundation of a successful eponymous knitwear design, yarn production and publishing business. What separates these women is more than time – in contemporary Scotland, knitting is a valid and valued entrepreneurial pursuit, and so-called home-knitters form part of a vast network of crafters whose turn from home-craft to design-focused entrepreneurship represents a significant contribution to the £1 billion per annum that the fashion and textile industries generate for Scotland. Through analysis of the business activities of both women, collected through personal testimony interviews, this article examines the revitalization of knitting in Scotland as a viable and lucrative entrepreneurial activity. It compares and contrasts the historical case study of Vivienne who was not afforded the opportunity to realize her potential and make a business from her skills, with the contemporary story of Kate who has translated her skills in hand-knitting and passion for design into a profitable enterprise. It argues that the revitalization of the craft economy of knitting in Scotland has been galvanized by the rise of a new generation of knitters determined to rewrite the Scottish aesthetic lexicon in knitwear design; a new appreciation for the heritage and tradition of skilled knitting, and a newfound understanding of the economic, social and cultural value of knit-craft. In an age of increasing automation in fashion and textiles, and concerns around the social and environmental impacts of mass-manufacturing, this article demonstrates the importance of a dynamic craft economy in knitting to the Scottish fashion and textile industries.
The article and the research undertaken focus on the particularities of Scottish hand-knitting through the two case studies and the specific context of Scottish developmental initiatives. However, it is also intended to indicate the resonances of this specific research with other instances of the burgeoning of ‘traditional’ craft practices and products (often undertaken by women) as marketable within a global environment. Such marketability involves complex interactions between notions of the ‘traditional’, cultural identity and affiliation and how these might be displayed or affirmed in clothing (by designers/producers and consumers). The notion of ‘authenticity’ and how this interacts with ideas of innovation and the fashionable are also explored, along with the importance of the Internet and social media to the success, or otherwise, of such entrepreneurial endeavours.
The semiotics of fashion design: A proposal for higher education
Authors: Guedes M. Graça , Buest Andreana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Although the role of semiotics was established as a tool to interpret fashion as a communication system, as a discipline it is virtually absent from the curricula of graduate and postgraduate programmes. In this article, we argue that semiotics can provide epistemological support for the development of a framework for fashion design education. Semiotics is required not only as a tool for designers to (re)interpret the complex and often abstract or conceptual/emotional relations between the design object (clothes) and the wearer, but also as a creative tool. We propose a framework where semiotic analysis is present throughout the structures of fashion design higher education programmes, in order to offer adequate support to fashion design projects. We also discuss the facets of semiotics relevant for fashion design, with an emphasis on the perspective of higher education settings.
Fire, Earth, Ecstasy: Gossiping with the Gods
Authors: Atladóttir Dagmar , Huber Sandra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Dagmar Atladóttir and Sandra Huber combine practices of Icelandic paganism and contemporary witchcraft, via methodologies of ceramics and automatic writing, to create a God’s Nail, which attunes to voices between myths, fantasies, and deities. Created with earth and water, and passed through fire in the kiln, the God’s Nail points to histories of the accused witches burned at the stake during the European witch-hunts as well as the importance of the elements in contemporary witchcraft. Situated within the wildfires that were raging during the summer of their collaboration, the essay also discusses the violence of colonization and capitalism that was unleashed during the ‘burning times,’ the trend of ‘witchiness,’ and the importance of occulted channels of communication, which can act as refrains between the seen and unseen, heard and unheard.
Sound, Disability, & Durere amidst Smoke and Smoulder
Authors: Fratila Stefana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Fratila re-thinks and re-imagines how disabled persons have a role to play in the pro-jected ‘future’ using sound as a primary medium. As public and private spaces con-verge and set categories like the ‘virtual’ and the ‘real’ become more and more inse-parable, the disruption of an exclusionary framework becomes a priority for artists, researchers and curators alike. Rather than merely taking up existing public spaces as a ‘disabled’ sound artist/researcher, she engages her audience in dialogue around the future and potential for ‘disability’. Fratila’s work considers the ways in which our growing use of/growing reliance upon digital technology and media can give way to ‘disability’ being employed towards progress and understood as necessary to our fu-ture, with specific reference to her multimedia installation, Durere (translated from Romanian: Pain), a motion-sensor activated instrument that weaves together interac-tivity and disability against the backdrop of an ever-evolving ‘future’ using sound, video and 3D-printed models of the weights she uses daily for her chronic illness.
Reflecting Torpor
Authors: Schaefer Sandrine 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Reflecting Torpordocuments methods, research, and reflections on a performance artwork titledTorpor(Pace Investigations No.5)that was developed on site at the Banff Centre for Art and Creativity by artist Sandrine Schaefer.The text engages ideas and strategies around how the acceleration and deceleration of actions can make mechanical, geological, and felt timepalpable. Other themes explored in this reflective text include, surveillance, site-sensitivity, the body as material, anthropocentrism, witness participation, visibility, and TRAnsferenCE.
Code and Clay, Data and Dirt: Five Thousand Years of Urban Media
Authors: Cumming Jesse 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This review examines Shannon Mattern’s book Code And Clay, Data And Dirt: Five Thousand Years Of Urban Media. The review places the publication in the context of the sub-discipline of Media Archaeology and examines the themes the author introduces of ‘deep mapping’, which examines the historical as well as international implications of urban media technologies.
In memoriam... Mary Cecil, Victoria Callihoo (née Belcourt), and Eleanor (Helene) Thomas Garneau
Authors: Postcommodity  , Waterman Alex , Ociciwan  , Bockley Todd 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In... memoriam Mary Cecil, Victoria Callihoo (née Belcourt), and Eleanor (Helene) Thomas Garneau adds a new score and production by Postcommodity and Alex Waterman to a suite of four early scores by the American composer Robert Ashley. The fifth score honours the lives of Mary Cecil, Victoria Callihoo (née Belcourt), and Eleanor (Helene) Thomas Garneau, three Indigenous women from territory at the turn of the Century as it became the province of Alberta. This significant addition continues Ashley’s project investigating the connections between musical forms and constructs of historicization, opening a conversation regarding whom and how we memorialize individuals and inscribe their legacies.