bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of social responsibility factors for sustainable development in public–private partnerships
Authors: Yu Yao , Osei‐Kyei Robert , Chan Albert Ping Chuen , Chen Chuan , Martek Igor 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn recent years, social responsibility (SR) in public–private partnership (PPP) projects has become crucial due to the need for governments and policy‐makers to develop public infrastructures that are sustainable and offer additional social benefits. However, a systematic review of the extant literature on PPP‐SR is lacking. This study therefore addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive review through a three‐stage systematic process. From the review, 38 SR factors are identified from 26 selected papers on PPP‐SR published in peer‐reviewed journals from 1990 to 2016. The most reported SR factors in PPPs include “establishing an environmental management system,” “innovation” and “ensuring accountability, legitimacy and transparency.” The 38 SR factors are classified into three interrelated categories, namely economic, environmental and community development. The findings inform researchers and practitioners of the SR factors that need to be considered to enhance sustainable development in PPPs. Also, the checklist of PPP‐SR is useful for further empirical investigations.
Indolocarbazole (IC) Derivatives as Promising p‐type Organic Semiconductors: A First‐Principle Study of Their Anisotropic Charge Mobilities
Authors: Sahoo Smruti R. , Sahu Sridhar , Sharma Sagar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present a detailed theoretical study of the structural, charge transport, and optical properties of three indolocarbazole derivatives, viz., 11, 12‐Dihydroindolo[2, 3‐a]carbazole (DIC), 5, 10‐dimethyl‐5,10‐dihydrobenzo[a]indolo[2, 3‐c]carbazole (DMDBIC), and 2,11‐dimethoxydibenzo[2, 3:5,6]pyrrolizino[1, 7‐bc]indolo[1, 2,3‐lm]carbazole (DMDPIC). DFT calculations along with previously reported x‐ray crystal structures reveal that the studied compounds are planar and do not undergo significant changes in structure upon oxidation or reduction. The maximum hole anisotropic charge mobilities for DIC was found to be 0.338 cm2 V−1 s−1 at Φ=175.89° and 355.81° and the maximum electron mobility was 0.181 cm2 V−1 s−1 at Φ=85.94° and 265.85°. For DMDBIC, the predicted maximum anisotropic hole, and electron mobility was 0.501 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 0.775 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively at Φ=56.72° and 236.63°, while for DMDPIC the predicted maximum anisotropic hole and electron mobility as 1.586 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 0.594 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively at Φ=0° and 180.0°. The calculated mobilities show that these compounds may be suitable candidates as a p‐type organic semiconductor with better stability than acene compounds.
Gold‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Coupling Reaction between Alkynes and Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Conjugated Enones
Authors: Gudla Vanajakshi , Swamy Kolukuluri Chaguru , Battula Venkateswara Rao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn efficient AuCl3/AgSbF6‐catalysed enone synthesis from coupling of alkynes and aldehydes has been presented. The present reaction is very effective, simple and mild and has wide range of substrate scope. Both aryl (electron rich and electron deficient) and aliphatic aldehydes and terminal and internal arylalkynes participated smoothly in the reaction and provided exclusively trans product. This simple reaction can be coupled with other gold catalysed transformations which involve enones as substrates for further development.
The Insertion Mechanism of a Living Cell Determined by the Stress Segmentation Effect of the Cell Membrane during the Tip–Cell Interaction
Authors: Fan Na , Jiang Hai , Ye Zhiyi , Wu Guiyong , Kang Yuejun , Wang Qun , Ran Xiaolin , Guo Jian , Zhang Guocheng , Wang Guixue , Peng Bei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAtomic force microscopy probes are proved to be powerful tools to measure and manipulate the individual cell, providing potential applications for the controlled drug/protein delivery. However, the measured insertion efficiency varies dramatically from 20 to 80%, in some cases, the nanotip can never penetrate the cell membrane no matter how much force is applied to it. Thus, the insertion mechanism of a living cell during the tip–cell interaction must be thoroughly investigated before this technology comes into practical applications. In this work, a multistructural cell model is established to study the tip–membrane interaction. The simulation results show that the stress of the cell membrane can be divided into two stages by the stress segmentation point S. After point S, the stress of the cell membrane increases slightly and most of the indentation force is allocated to the cytoskeleton. This phenomenon is called “stress segmentation effect of the cell membrane,” which confirms the hypothesis based on the experimental studies. Moreover, according to the experimental and numerical studies, the hypothesis of the stress segmentation effect also explains the reason that modifying the cell membrane or using the manmade sharpened nanotip can increase the insertion efficiency.
Engineering Bulk, Layered, Multicomponent Nanostructures with High Energy Density
Authors: Huang Guangwei , Li Xiaohong , Lou Li , Hua Yingxin , Zhu Guangjun , Li Ming , Zhang Hai‐Tian , Xiao Jianwei , Wen Bin , Yue Ming , Zhang Xiangyi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe precise control of individual components in multicomponent nanostructures is crucial to realizing their fascinating functionalities for applications in electronics, energy‐conversion devices, and biotechnologies. However, this control remains particularly challenging for bulk, multicomponent nanomaterials because the desired structures of the constitute components often conflict. Herein, a strategy is reported for simultaneously controlling the structural properties of the constituent components in bulk multicomponent nanostructures through layered structural design. The power of this approach is illustrated by generating the desired structures of each constituent in a bulk multicomponent nanomaterial (SmCo + FeCo)/NdFeB, which cannot be attained with existing methods. The resulting nanostructure exhibits a record high energy density (31 MGOe) for this class of bulk nanocomposites composed of both hard and soft magnetic materials, with the soft magnetic fraction exceeding 20 wt%. It is anticipated that other properties beyond magnetism, such as the thermoelectric and mechanical properties, can also be tuned by engineering such layered architectures.
Dynamic Sessile‐Droplet Habitats for Controllable Cultivation of Bacterial Biofilm
Authors: Jin Zengjun , Nie Mengyue , Hu Ran , Zhao Tianhu , Xu Jingyue , Chen Dongwei , Yun Juanli , Ma Luyan Z. , Du Wenbin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBacterial biofilms play essential roles in biogeochemical cycling, degradation of environmental pollutants, infection diseases, and maintenance of host health. The lack of quantitative methods for growing and characterizing biofilms remains a major challenge in understanding biofilm development. In this study, a dynamic sessile‐droplet habitat is introduced, a simple method which cultivates biofilms on micropatterns with diameters of tens to hundreds of micrometers in a microfluidic channel. Nanoliter plugs are utilized, spaced by immiscible carrier oil to initiate and support the growth of an array of biofilms, anchored on and spatially confined to the micropatterns arranged on the bottom surface of the microchannel, while planktonic or dispersal cells are flushed away by shear force of aqueous plugs. The performance of the aforementioned method of cultivating biofilms is demonstrated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its derived mutants, and quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility testing of PAO1 biofilms. This method could significantly eliminate corner effects, avoid microchannel clogging, and constrain the growth of biofilms for long‐term observations. The controllable sessile droplet‐based biofilm cultivation presented in this study should shed light on more quantitative and long‐term studies of biofilms, and open new avenues for investigation of biofilm attachment, growth, expansion, and eradication.
Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)‐Based Microscale Actuators with 60% Deformation Rate and 1.6 kHz Actuation Speed
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Taek , Kim Min‐Soo , Lee Gil‐Yong , Kim Chung‐Soo , Ahn Sung‐Hoon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractShape memory alloys (SMAs) are widely utilized as an actuation source in microscale devices, since they have a simple actuation mechanism and high‐power density. However, they have limitations in terms of strain range and actuation speed. High‐speed microscale SMA actuators are developed having diamond‐shaped frame structures with a diameter of 25 µm. These structures allow for a large elongation range compared with bulk SMA materials, with the aid of spring‐like behavior under tensile deformation. These actuators are validated in terms of their applicability as an artificial muscle in microscale by investigating their behavior under mechanical deformation and changes in thermal conditions. The shape memory effect is triggered by delivering thermal energy with a laser. The fast heating and cooling phenomenon caused by the scale effect allows high‐speed actuation up to 1600 Hz. It is expected that the proposed actuators will contribute to the development of soft robots and biomedical devices.
Towards functional safety and security for adaptive and flexible business processes
Authors: Geist Verena , Natschläger Christine , Illibauer Christa , Schewe Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBusiness process management (BPM) provides many benefits for a company including productivity, efficiency, compliance, risk management, consistency, repeatability, and measurability. Many of these aspects also ensure and improve functional safety, privacy, and security in process execution. However, managed business processes lack flexibility; ie, changing a business process requires more effort than ad hoc execution and adaptation. Thus, especially in small companies, the acceptance rate of managed business processes is low. So we claim that in current BPM approaches, the structuredness ensuring functional safety and security concepts contradicts with the objective for flexibility. The main goal of the AdaBPM project is to address this contradiction by providing a formal approach to handle advanced adaptations and exception handling in business processes. The technical objectives of the project include (1) the definition of a basic framework being capable of handling different levels of adaptivity and considering security and safety requirements at the same time, (2) a rigorous process specification language and model refinement methods, (3) static business process adaptations, and (4) dynamic (or ad hoc) adaptations. The result of our research is a general approach for flexible BPM combined with the possibility to nevertheless manage the process and define safety and security restrictions.
Advanced Materials for Capturing Particulate Matter: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Xiao Jing , Liang Jiachen , Zhang Chen , Tao Ying , Ling Guo‐Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) of different sizes is the prominent air pollutant that causes severe health issues. Despite source control, the removal of PM by porous materials is believed to be the most effective way of air purification. Extensive effort has been made toward the construction of advanced materials with both a high filtration efficiency and low pressure drop across them. Weight, transparency, thermal stability, and comfort in different environments are also key parameters for the practical use of such materials. Here, progress in the state of the art of materials for capturing particulate matter is summarized. Their structure, properties, and filtration mechanism are discussed. In addition, some possible directions for the future development of air filters, with regard to materials selection and structural design, are suggested.
Two chromatographic methods for the quantitative determination of some pesticides applied for cucumber pests in Egypt
Authors: Abdelfatah Rehab M. , Hegazy Amira M. , Mahmoud Hamada M. , Elsayed Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo novel sensitive and accurate thin‐layer chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography methods were used for monitoring the residues of four pesticides: mandipropamid, metalaxyl, thiophenate methyl and carbendazim, which are widely used to eliminate cucumber pests in Egypt. The first method is a thin‐layer chromatography method, using silica gel plates as a stationary phase and hexane/methanol/acetone/glacial acetic acid (7.5:2:0.5:0.1, v/v) as a developing system. The second method is high‐performance liquid chromatography using isocratic elution and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/0.02 molar potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (25:75, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1 with UV detection at 225 nm. All the obtained results were evaluated regarding the agricultural committee of Egypt and showed acceptable pesticides residues.
Extraction of bisphenol A in honey samples using aqueous biphasic systems coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Tian Hongzhe , Bai Xuesong , Xu Jing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn aqueous biphasic system based on cholinium propanoate and phosphate solution was developed for the fast extraction and determination of bisphenol A in honey samples. The phase diagrams of the aqueous biphasic systems with cholinium propanoate (ionic liquid) and phosphate solutions were investigated, and the biphasic regions of the aqueous biphasic systems decreased with the increase of pH values of the phosphate solutions. The aqueous biphasic system was applied for the analyte extraction. After extraction, the analyte was separated on a C18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm i. d., 5 μm) using acetonitrile and ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. The parameters, such as the conductivity and viscosity of the ionic liquid solutions, pH values of the phosphate solutions, and extraction efficiency were optimized to achieve the excellent extraction performance. Good linearity was shown for the analyte over the tested concentration range (0.01–10.0 mg/kg) with correlation coefficient higher than 0.991. Three spiked levels (0.01, 0.05, 0.10 mg/kg) were applied for determination of the recoveries of the analyte in honey samples in the range of 78–112% with relative standard deviations of 5.5–10.2%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the analyte were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The developed method was applied for the determination of the analyte in real samples with high sensitivity.
Non-interventional study to collect data for the application of lidocaine gel 2% during scaling and root planing and professional mechanical plaque removal
Authors: Petersilka Gregor J. , Arweiler Nicole B. , Otto Joachim , Wittig Tobias 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Objectives
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a topical lidocaine gel 2% (LG) during scaling and root planing (SRP) and professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR).

Materials and methods
The anesthetic effects as well as unwanted effects of LG prior to or during SRP and PMPR were evaluated in an observational, non-randomized, non-interventional study design. A total of 385 treatments were recorded in 68 study centers all over Germany. Rating of the anesthetic effect of LG by treating personnel and patients using a four-item verbal rating scale (VRS), tolerability, safety (adverse effects), and need for additional local injection anesthesia (ALI).

Results
In SRP as well as in PMPR, application of LG allowed a sufficiently pain-free therapy in more than 90% of the patients as stated on the VRS (SRP: 97.8%, PMPR: 93.75%). Overall, ALI was needed in only 4.23% of the patients treated (SRP: 5.3%, PMPR: 2.62%). One adverse effect occurred within the observation.

Conclusions
Application of LG may offer a safe and effective way to achieve pain-free therapy in periodontal patients.

Clinical relevance
Patient compliance is key to the success of periodontal maintenance therapy. Effective and safe pain control during various kinds of periodontal therapy might increase patient compliance and therefore contribute to the long-term treatment success, among other factors. With regard to the patients observed in this study, 47% had previously received periodontal maintenance therapy and were therefore familiar with the treatment and the associated pain.
The impact of maternal socio-demographic characteristics on breastfeeding knowledge and practices
Authors: Habibi Mouna , Laamiri Fatima Zahra , Aguenaou Hassan , Doukkali Loubna , Mrabet Mustapha , Barkat Amina 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Breastfeeding is universally recognized by the World Health Organization as the best way of feeding infants. Therefore, several countries have initiated health promotion interventions to support successful breastfeeding based on the factors influencing breastfeeding outcomes.

Objective:
To examine the association between the knowledge of breastfeeding and maternal socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, and to determine any impact on child nutritional status.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using both qualitative and quantitative methods was conducted with mothers of infants aged six- to twenty-four months. Data was collected by a semi-structured questionnaire and face-to-face, in-depth interviews with mothers to get an insight into their breastfeeding perceptions and experiences. Educational achievement and occupational class were used as indicators of socio-demographic status. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements.

Results:
A significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the mother's education (P < .001) and socio-economic status (P < .001) has been highlighted. A significant link was pointed out between breastfeeding and length-for-age Z score (LAZ) (P < .001), and weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) (P = .005). Moreover, a strong association was found between maternal employment and exclusive breastfeeding (P < .001).

Conclusions:
Our findings shed some light on challenges faced by mothers, as well as an association between socio-demographic characteristics and practices for facilitating exclusive breastfeeding to guide the mothers in breastfeeding management.
Adaptive Preferences Are a Red Herring
Authors: DORSEY DALE 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT:Current literature in moral and political philosophy is rife with discussion of adaptive preferences. This is no accident: while preferences are generally thought to play an important role in a number of normative domains (including morality, the personal good, and political justice), adaptive preferences seem exceptions to this general rule—they seem problematic in a way that preference-respecting theories of these domains cannot adequately capture. Thus, adaptive preferences are often taken to be theoretically explanatory: a reason for adjusting our theories of the relevant normative domains. However, as I shall argue here, the relentless focus on the phenomenon of preference adaptation is a mistake. While I do not take a stand on whether typical examples of adaptive preferences are or are not problematic, I argue here that if they are problematic, it cannot be because they are adaptive.
Oligopolist Speech and the Public Interest in Pharmaceutical Patent Law Reform
Authors: Dent Chris , Haigh Yvonne 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstandings of the public interest underpin many law reform processes. The public interest is not a fully definable term and so reform bodies have to engage with a range of articulations of that interest. The negotiation of the different articulations, however, has not been explored empirically before. This article reports on a study of the claims to the public interest in a public Australian inquiry into potential abuses of the patent system by pharmaceutical companies. More specifically, submissions to the Pharmaceutical Patents Review are analysed and the results show “oligopolistic” tensions between competing views of the public interest—and with these views claiming primacy over more technical understandings of the issues. This lack of a single “public interest” allows dominant players to frame the debate to reflect their interests; and the tension between these players means that the debate, and the underlying problem, has not been subject to a resolution.
Researching Institutional Life in Modern Uganda
Authors: Bruce-Lockhart Katherine , Earle Jonathon L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:This introductory article reflects on the trajectories, possibilities, and limitations of studying institutional life in Africa, with a particular emphasis on Uganda. Engaging with some of the central issues articulated in the African Studies Association’s theme for the 2017 Annual Meeting – “Institutions: Creativity and Resilience in Africa” – it considers the category of “institution” and how it has been imagined and contested in Africa’s past and present. The article begins by examining the competing visions of institutions across the continent in the late colonial period. It then moves to a closer consideration of institutions within Uganda’s historiography, while also introducing the articles in this collection and the themes that tie them together. The final two sections turn to the question of sources, illuminating both the possibilities and limitations of recent developments regarding Uganda’s archives. In so doing, this article considers not only the shifting terrain of Uganda’s research landscape, but also explores the ways in which the study of institutional life is animated by deep, longstanding deliberations on questions of community, authority, and reciprocity.
DEGREES OF CATEGORICITY AND SPECTRAL DIMENSION
Authors: BAZHENOV NIKOLAY A. , KALIMULLIN ISKANDER SH. , YAMALEEV MARS M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA Turing degreedis the degree of categoricity of a computable structure${\cal S}$ifdis the least degree capable of computing isomorphisms among arbitrary computable copies of${\cal S}$. A degreedis the strong degree of categoricity of${\cal S}$ifdis the degree of categoricity of${\cal S}$, and there are computable copies${\cal A}$and${\cal B}$of${\cal S}$such that every isomorphism from${\cal A}$onto${\cal B}$computesd. In this paper, we build a c.e. degreedand a computable rigid structure${\cal M}$such thatdis the degree of categoricity of${\cal M}$, butdis not the strong degree of categoricity of${\cal M}$. This solves the open problem of Fokina, Kalimullin, and Miller [13].For a computable structure${\cal S}$, we introduce the notion of the spectral dimension of${\cal S}$, which gives a quantitative characteristic of the degree of categoricity of${\cal S}$. We prove that for a nonzero natural numberN, there is a computable rigid structure${\cal M}$such that$0\prime$is the degree of categoricity of${\cal M}$, and the spectral dimension of${\cal M}$is equal toN.