bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forage diversity, type and abundance influence winter resource selection by white‐tailed deer
Authors: Champagne Emilie , Dumont André , Tremblay Jean‐Pierre , Côté Steeve D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuestionsThe presence of a plant species can influence the selection of another plant species by herbivores. Natural communities encompass several plant species, and in these multi‐species environments, resource selection by herbivores could be partly explained by plant diversity. Our objective was to determine how winter consumption by a large herbivore (white‐tailed deer) varies relative to the diversity and composition of the plant community in a temperate forest. (a) Does browsing increases or decreases with diversity indices; and (b) are specific community compositions linked to high or low browsing by deer? We also aimed to determine whether neighbouring plant diversity and identity could modify browsing on a specific species, Pinus strobus (hereafter pine).LocationVallée de la Gatineau, Québec, Canada.MethodsWe sampled 102 plots in the sugar maple (Acer saccharum)–basswood (Tilia americana) subdomain, a deciduous type of forest in the northern temperate zone. Each plot was centred on a pine and browsing by deer, plot diversity and composition were measured.ResultsTotal browsing and browsing on focal pines decreased with increasing values of diversity indices, but only in plots with high resource abundance. This result is in accordance with optimal foraging principles, as diversified plots have a lower concentration of preferred species. Total consumption did not vary with plot composition, but browsing on the focal pine decreased with increased abundance of Diervilla lonicera and Lonicera canadensis, abundant deciduous shrubs. This associational defence could protect vulnerable pines from deer browsing.ConclusionWhile our study revealed a relationship between plant community diversity and winter browse use and selection by deer, it also highlighted the importance of resource abundance and community composition – variables influencing the resource selection process. Diversity measures can describe vegetation communities, but probably do not represent the way in which herbivores perceive their environment.
Slow recovery of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant community after fungicide application: An eight‐year experiment
Authors: Pánková Hana , Dostálek Tomáš , Vazačová Kristýna , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimIn our previous study, we found strong effects of fungicide application on diversity and composition of grassland plant community. Here, we evaluated the recovery of the plant community and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) infectivity after fungicide application and the effects of grazing management on the recovery.LocationNorthern Bohemia, Czech Republic.MethodsWe recorded plant species composition and AMF infectivity in permanent plots in dry grassland over a period of 5 years after termination of fungicide application and grazing introduction.ResultsThe negative effect of fungicide on plant species composition, diversity, AMF infectivity and cover of forbs still persisted 5 years after the last fungicide application. The cover of graminoids decreased, and their cover reached the level before fungicide application. While grazing had no effect on plant species recovery, it led to recovery of AMF infectivity.ConclusionAlthough graminoids lost their dominance after termination of fungicide application and grazing led to the recovery of AMF infectivity, the dry grassland plant community was not completely restored. The forbs were not able to recolonize the site. Their absence might be caused by dispersal limitation or changes in restored AMF community composition. Direct seed sowing may thus be used to support the plant recovery.
Dietary Substitution Effect of Fishmeal with Tunic Meal of Sea Squirt, Halocynthia roretzi, Drasche, on Growth and Soft Body Composition of Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846
Authors: Choi Dong Gyui , Kim June , Yun Ahyeong , Cho Sung Hwoan , Jeong Hae Seung , Lee Ki Wook , Kim Hee Sung , Kim Pil Youn , Ha Min Su 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe dietary substitution effect of fishmeal (FM) with tunic meal of sea squirt (SS) on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus, was evaluated. A total of 1470 juvenile abalone were distributed into 21 70‐L plastic rectangular containers. Six experimental diets in triplicate were prepared, and 20% FM was included in the FM0 diet. The treatments consisted of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of FM substituted with tunic meal of SS, referred to as the FM20, FM40, FM60, FM80, and FM100 diets, respectively. Undaria was also prepared to compare the effect of the formulated diets on performance of abalone. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level for 16 wk. Weight gain of abalone fed the FM0 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the FM100 diet and Undaria, but not different from that of abalone fed the FM80 diet. Crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents of the soft body of abalone fed all formulated diets were higher than those of abalone fed the Undaria diet. In conclusion, FM up to 80% could be replaced with tunic meal of SS without retardation in growth of abalone. The best growth was obtained in abalone fed the FM20 diet.
Language, emotion, and the emotions: The multidisciplinary and linguistic background
Authors: Maia Belinda , Santos Diana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEmotion and the emotions we study today have been discussed for centuries using words and phrases that reflect the thoughts of those times, but that have also become fossilised in modern Western thought. The concepts behind these expressions vary in content according to the context in which they are used, and their translations into other languages show that their usage, or that of their cognates, in each language allows for further different interpretations of the concepts, often influenced by the culture and society in which they are used. The studies of Emotion and Language are influenced by perspectives from the disciplines of philosophy, anthropology, psychology, sociology, neuroscience, and computer science, and cover not just the spoken or written form of the core concepts of emotion, but also descriptions of the expression of emotion through facial expression, body language, and physical reactions, and even subjective language in general. This article will attempt to provide a view of some of the issues that affect the understanding of the language of emotion, and that underlie many of the problems faced by those working in opinion mining, sentiment analysis, and human<>computer interaction. It will also touch on the complex relationship between emotion and cognition, and the problems this poses. The objective is to offer some interdisciplinary background for our second article, which presents a more detailed perspective from a computational point of view.
Anti‐Mi‐2 antibody‐positive inflammatory myopathy during treatment with golimumab
Authors: Hirunagi Tomoki , Goto Yoji , Mano Kazuo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA 56‐year‐old woman, who was treated with golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis, presented with myalgia and rash. She had proximal limbs weakness, and erythematous papules were evident on her hands and face. Her serum creatine kinase levels were elevated, and anti‐Mi‐2 antibody was detected. Magnetic resonance imaging of muscles revealed inflammatory lesions in muscles and soft tissues. She was diagnosed with inflammatory myopathy. A drug‐induced mechanism was suspected; therefore, we stopped treating her with golimumab and instead treated her with prednisolone. Subsequently, her symptoms gradually improved. This case suggests that tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitors may induce anti‐Mi‐2 antibody‐positive inflammatory myopathies.
Human impacts in African savannas are mediated by plant functional traits
Authors: Osborne Colin P. , Charles‐Dominique Tristan , Stevens Nicola , Bond William J. , Midgley Guy , Lehmann Caroline E. R. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryTropical savannas have a ground cover dominated by C4 grasses, with fire and herbivory constraining woody cover below a rainfall‐based potential. The savanna biome covers 50% of the African continent, encompassing diverse ecosystems that include densely wooded Miombo woodlands and Serengeti grasslands with scattered trees. African savannas provide water, grazing and browsing, food and fuel for tens of millions of people, and have a unique biodiversity that supports wildlife tourism. However, human impacts are causing widespread and accelerating degradation of savannas. The primary threats are land cover‐change and transformation, landscape fragmentation that disrupts herbivore communities and fire regimes, climate change and rising atmospheric CO2. The interactions among these threats are poorly understood, with unknown consequences for ecosystem health and human livelihoods. We argue that the unique combinations of plant functional traits characterizing the major floristic assemblages of African savannas make them differentially susceptible and resilient to anthropogenic drivers of ecosystem change. Research must address how this functional diversity among African savannas differentially influences their vulnerability to global change and elucidate the mechanisms responsible. This knowledge will permit appropriate management strategies to be developed to maintain ecosystem integrity, biodiversity and livelihoods.
Evaluation of long‐term silver supply shortage for c‐Si PV under different technological scenarios
Authors: Li Wenhua , Adachi Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study focuses on quantifying supply shortage of silver for c‐Si PV over the long term (2015–2050), and measures the effects of technological uncertainties in the industry by scenario. Wherein, Hubbert theory, Weibull distribution, and intensity of demand are used to estimate silver mining supply, recycling supply, and manufacturing demand, respectively. The results show that silver supply shortage for manufacturing demand will occur from 2030. Technology improvements in the PV industry could delay when the shortage begins, but they will not prevent it, while silver supply shortage for c‐Si PV could be eliminated under the total effects scenario. Reducing dependency on silver as a raw material for c‐Si PV industry through technological progress and recycling retired panels is recommended. This study highlights the balance between natural resources and renewable energy sustainability. It benefits the PV industry's long‐term strategizing and helps policy making for long‐term silver resource sustainability.Recommendations for Resource Managers
Technological improvements in the PV industry are critical to relieve silver supply shortage in the long term and ensure sustainable installation of c‐Si PV.

Recycling of end‐of‐life c‐Si PV is of great importance to secure silver supply for PV manufacturers in the long term.

Improving silver old scrap recycling is necessary for long‐term availability of silver.

It is indispensable to balance natural resources and renewable energy sustainability.
Effects of inflammation on social processes and implications for health
Authors: Moieni Mona , Eisenberger Naomi I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough at first glance inflammation and social behavior may appear unrelated, research points to an important role for inflammation in shaping social processes. This review summarizes findings in this field, specifically highlighting work that provides support for the idea that inflammation can lead to (1) increases in sensitivity to negative, threatening social experiences and (2) increases in sensitivity to positive, socially rewarding experiences. These diverging sensitivities in response to inflammation may depend on context and be adaptive for recuperation and recovery from illness. This review also discusses the implications of these findings for health and future research, including implications for depression, loneliness, and inflammatory disorders.
Consequences of diapause on post‐diapause development, reproductive physiology and population growth of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)
Authors: Dhillon Mukesh K. , Hasan Fazil 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigate the effects of diapause on post‐diapause development, reproductive physiology and population growth of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera). Aestivating and hibernating larvae of C. partellus are exposed to diapause terminating conditions (consisting of an LD 12 : 12 h photocycle at 27 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity with a fresh diet) to terminate the diapause and observations are made on percentage pupation, pupal duration and weight, adult reproductive performance and population growth parameters. We find that the diapause in C. partellus significantly reduces the percentage pupation and weights of pupae, ultimately lowering the weight and reproductive performance of adults. Reduced weights of adult females are found to be directly associated with a lower number of egg cells in ovaries. Nevertheless, the reproductive performance of C. partellus males is also found to be greatly affected in the diapause (hibernation and aestivation) experiencing population in terms of the deposition of a lower number of spermatophores and eupyrene sperm in the reproductive tracts of females compared with the nondiapausing population. The results of the present study clearly indicate that a reduction in longevity, fecundity and egg viability, as well as a reduced rate of deposition of spermatophores and eupyrene sperm, in a diapause experiencing population of C. partellus ultimately leads to a reduction in population growth parameters, thus having implications for bio‐ecology and population dynamics under a changing climatic scenario.
A Bayesian Approach to Modelling Subnational Spatial Dynamics of Worldwide Non-State Terrorism, 2010–2016
Authors: Python André , Illian Janine B. , Jones-Todd Charlotte M. , Blangiardo Marta 
Published: May 2018

SummaryTerrorism persists as a worldwide threat, as exemplified by the on-going lethal attacks perpetrated by Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, Al Qaeda in Yemen and Boko Haram in Nigeria. In response, states deploy various counterterrorism policies, the costs of which could be reduced through efficient preventive measures. Statistical models that can account for complex spatiotemporal dependences have not yet been applied, despite their potential for providing guidance to explain and prevent terrorism. To address this shortcoming, we employ hierarchical models in a Bayesian context, where the spatial random field is represented by a stochastic partial differential equation. Our main findings suggest that lethal terrorist attacks tend to generate more deaths in ethnically polarized areas and in locations within democratic countries. Furthermore, the number of lethal attacks increases close to large cities and in locations with higher levels of population density and human activity.
Efficient estimation in partially linear single‐index models for longitudinal data
Authors: Cai Quan , Wang Suojin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the estimation of both the parameters and the nonparametric link function in partially linear single‐index models for longitudinal data that may be unbalanced. In particular, a new three‐stage approach is proposed to estimate the nonparametric link function using marginal kernel regression and the parametric components with generalized estimating equations. The resulting estimators properly account for the within‐subject correlation. We show that the parameter estimators are asymptotically semiparametrically efficient. We also show that the asymptotic variance of the link function estimator is minimized when the working error covariance matrices are correctly specified. The new estimators are more efficient than estimators in the existing literature. These asymptotic results are obtained without assuming normality. The finite‐sample performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation studies. In addition, two real‐data examples are analyzed to illustrate the methodology.
Validation of the Korean Version Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire
Authors: Park Yeonsoo , Kim Hyang Sook 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThe Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide posits thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness as the constructs of suicidal desire. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ), which measures thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, in Korean university students.MethodA series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to identify the latent structure of the 15‐item INQ. Then, its psychometric properties were examined through a correlation analysis and a hierarchical regression analysis. The study included 313 Korean students of which 113 were male and 200 were female. The mean age was 21.51 years.ResultsThe factor analyses supported a two‐factor model. However, item 12 cross‐loaded on both thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. While the correlation analysis supported convergent validity, discriminant validity was observed only through a more elaborative measure. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed perceived burdensomeness and the interaction between the two constructs as significant predictors of current suicide ideation.ConclusionThe difference in the structure of the INQ may be due to cultural influences. Nevertheless, the high predictability of suicide ideation that it produces even when controlling for depression implies its clinical usefulness when assessing suicidal risk in Koreans.
Institutional corruption in psychiatry: Case analyses and solutions for reform
Authors: Cosgrove Lisa , Peters Shannon M. , Vaswani Akansha , Karter Justin M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractResearchers have documented psychiatry's crisis of credibility and called for transparency and reform, yet current solutions do not go beyond timid acceptance. The conceptual and normative framework of institutional corruption highlights the various economies of influence (e.g., industry's capture of regulatory bodies and medical journals) that need to be mitigated. Case analyses of (a) the process by which the latest antidepressant, vortioxetine, came to market, and (b) the promotion of a heavily conflicted guideline for “mixed depression” illustrate how industry is shaping the scientific evidence base and practice in psychiatry, and why systemic, policy‐oriented solutions are needed. We offer solutions for reform that intend to go beyond simple transparency and address the root causes and systemic nature of the problems in the field. These include developing rating systems for clinical practice guidelines and medical journals, a stepped‐care, contextual approach to diagnosis and treatment, addressing perverse incentive structures within universities, and a shift towards a rights‐based paradigm of care with genuine stakeholder involvement.
Student budgets and widening participation: Comparative experiences of finance in low and higher income undergraduates at a northern red brick university
Authors: Hordósy Rita , Clark Tom 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDrawing on a thematic analysis of longitudinal qualitative data (ntotal = 118), this article takes a “whole student lifecycle” approach to examine how lower and higher income students at an English northern red brick university variously attempted to manage their individual budgets. It explores how students reconcile their income—in the form of loans, grants, and bursaries—with the cost of living. Four arenas of interest are described: planning, budgeting, and managing “the student loan”; disruptions to financial planning; the role of familial support; and strategies of augmenting the budget. In detailing the micro‐level constraints on the individual budgets of lower and higher income undergraduates, the article highlights the importance of non‐repayable grants and bursaries in helping to sustain meaningful participation in higher tariff, more selective, higher education institutions. It also supports an emerging body of literature that suggests that the continuing amendments to the system of funding higher education in England are unlikely to address inequality of access, participation, and outcome.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: May 2018

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 6 Abdul Azim Akhtar, Independent Academic & Researcher, Delhi, IndiaAmir Hossain, IBAIS University, BangladeshAnastasia Panagakos, Cosumnes River College, USAAslan,Yasin, Sinop University, TurkeyAyşegül Sili Kalem, Necmettin Erbakan Universitesi, TurkeyChris Gilleard, University College London, UKEnzo Loner, University of Trento, ItalyFroilan Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesHenry Poduthas, West Texas A&M University, USAHyejin Lee, Tufts University, MA, USA and Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea, USAImran Ali Sandano, Zhejiang University, ChinaJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II, Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJohn Boulard Forkuor, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), GhanaMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRemigiusz Kijak, "University of Warsaw", PolandYaghoob Foroutan, The University of Waikato, New Zealand
Analysis of the Tunicamycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Streptomyces chartreusis Reveals New Insights into Tunicamycin Production and Immunity
Authors: Widdick David , Royer Sylvain F. , Wang Hua , Vior Natalia M. , Gomez-Escribano Juan Pablo , Davis Benjamin G. , Bibb Mervyn J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The tunicamycin biosynthetic gene cluster of
Streptomyces chartreusis
consists of 14 genes (
tunA
to
tunN
) with a high degree of apparent translational coupling. Transcriptional analysis revealed that all of these genes are likely to be transcribed as a single operon from two promoters,
tun
p1 and
tun
p2. In-frame deletion analysis revealed that just six of these genes (
tunABCDEH
) are essential for tunicamycin production in the heterologous host
Streptomyces coelicolor
, while five (
tunFGKLN
) with likely counterparts in primary metabolism are not necessary, but presumably ensure efficient production of the antibiotic at the onset of tunicamycin biosynthesis. Three genes are implicated in immunity, namely,
tunI
and
tunJ
, which encode a two-component ABC transporter presumably required for export of the antibiotic, and
tunM
, which encodes a putative
S
-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase. Expression of
tunIJ
or
tunM
in
S. coelicolor
conferred resistance to exogenous tunicamycin. The results presented here provide new insights into tunicamycin biosynthesis and immunity.