bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goiter relapses
Authors: Goch Ye. M. , Kudryashov V. K. , Belyayev P. A. 
Published: October 2019

The problem of relapse of goiter is still considered insoluble. Postoperative relapses of goiter are observed quite often - from 1.8 to 39%.
The severity of the problem of recurrent goiter is that at present, patients suffering from this disease can be attributed to the group of "increased oncological risk" in relation to thyroid cancer. Malignancy of recurrent goiter, according to various authors, is observed with a frequency of 8.1 to 20%. Malignancy occurs hidden without clear clinical symptoms of thyroid cancer, and therefore surgical intervention is often performed at a stage that does not give optimal treatment results.
The second side of the problem is the technical features of the surgical treatment of recurrent goiter. The latter are caused by violations of the anatomical and topographic relationships of tissues, extensive scars and atypical location of the node. As a result, complications and mortality after repeated operations with goiter significantly exceed those after primary interventions. Therefore, one of the tasks of thyroid surgery is to find out the causes of relapse of goiter and reduce its frequency.
For this purpose, various methods of primary surgery, the intake of thyroid hormones in the postoperative period, etc. are proposed.
The reasons that lead to relapse of goiter are varied and depend primarily on the disease for which the patient was operated on primarily (diffuse toxic goiter, nodular goiter, multinodal, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, etc.). To avoid relapse of goiter, a number of surgeons offer more advanced operations even with nodular goiter. However, the expansion of the volume of operation with nodular forms of goiter often leads to the development of persistent hypothyroidism.
Tourist tongues: High-speed rail carries linguistic and cultural urbanisation beyond the city limits in Guangxi, China
Authors: Grey Alexandra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article builds upon research which analyses the reconstruction of cities in China as an integral part of image-making discourses competing to attract mobile capital. It extends that literature beyond urban places to urbanisation processes, examining the material and linguistic features of networks and discourses of new high-speed rail infrastructure Guangxi, a poorer, rural, multilingual and multiethnic region of the People’s Republic of China (China) in which tourism – propelled by high-speed trains – has become a pillar of economic development. It argues that these trains produce symbolically powerful discourses which contribute to cultural urbanisation across Guangxi, emplacing urban norms outside city limits in pursuit of profitable sameness, as tourism does not trade only upon difference. Local multilingualism, specifically, is erased as too different, a barrier to tourists’ (and tourism capital’s) mobility. Amongst other ramifications, this reproduces social distance and ideologically displaces local languages.
The Impact of Hydrometeorological Events on the State of the Urban River Quality
Authors: Pietruszyński Łukasz , Cieśliński Roman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the aims of this paper was to study catchment and watercourse response to extreme events. The study area consisted of Orunski Stream in the northern Polish city of Gdansk. The study period (review of cartographic materials) covered the years 1908 to 2000, while field research covered the period from May 2009 to April 2010. In addition, measurements were performed to study the dynamics of changes occurring in the creek during rainfall events. Examination of the water chemistry changes made two days before heavy rainfall showed a significant increase in sulphates and nitrogen compounds. Additionally, pollutants washed from the basin contributed to a significant deterioration in the water colour. A rainfall of 1.3 mm caused an eleven-fold increase in stream flow, a twofold increase in the water level, and a fourfold increase in the velocity of water molecules. It might appear seem that such a small amount of rainfall would have no major effect on the hydrologic and hydrochemical parameters of a small creek. However, it is the maximum flow rate that is an important variable when assessing potential flood risk levels.
The Influence of the Filtration Bed type in the Pool Water Treatment System on Washings Quality
Authors: Wyczarska-Kokot Joanna , Lempart Anna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the influence of the type of filtration beds, used in swimming pool water treatment systems, on the quality and the possibility of reuse of washings. The research covered 4 pool cycles with sand, sand and anthracite, glass and diatomaceous beds. The degree of contamination of washings was assessed on the basis of physical, chemical and bacteriological tests. The possibility of washings drainage into the natural environment was considered, and the results of the research were compared with the permissible values of pollution indicators for wastewater discharged to water or ground. A direct management of washings from the analysed filters proved impossible mainly due to the high content of TSS (total suspended solids) and free chlorine. Washings were subjected to sedimentation and then the supernatant was stirred intensively. As a result of these processes, the quality of washings was significantly improved. This allowed planning to supplement the pool water installations with systems for washings management.
Effect of Municipal Sewage Sludge on Soil Chemical Properties and Chemical Composition of Spring Wheat
Authors: Antonkiewicz Jacek , Kuc Andrzej , Witkowicz Robert , Tabak Monika 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Municipal sewage sludge from rural sewage treatment plants is characterized by a substantial content of organic matter and macronutrients, which can be used in cultivation of cereals. In a farm located in the commune of Iwanowice in the south of Poland (Malopolska province), municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring wheat cultivation. The experiment was set up on heavy soil with slightly acid reaction and medium content of available forms of P, K, Mg. Application of sewage sludge in a dose of 23 Mg fresh matter per hectare (4.21 Mg d.m.) led to no significant changes in chemical properties of the soil. Application of sewage sludge significantly increased yield of spring wheat. That increase led to a significant decrease in the content of N, P, K, Na, Mg and Ca in spring wheat. Utilization of N, Mg, K, P and Ca from sewage sludge by spring wheat was at a level of 82, 63, 44, 36, 9 %, respectively, of the amount introduced with the waste. Application of municipal sewage sludge significantly decreased the value of Ca : P ratio in spring wheat grain and straw. The sewage sludge did not cause a significant change in the values of Ca : Mg, K : Na, K : (Ca+Mg), K : Mg and K : Ca ratios in spring wheat grain and straw. Municipal sewage sludge can be used environmentally, including for fertilization of cereals, provided that environmental standards are kept.
Agronomic performances of aromatic and non-aromatic M1 rice under drought stress
Authors: Herwibawa Bagus , Sakhidin  , Haryanto Totok Agung Dwi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Flooded rice paddy fields act as a source of greenhouse gas emissions. So, the efforts to increase the drought tolerance of rice represent a much more environmentally friendly solution, and may bring a significant contribution to prevent global warming. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with ten replicates. Rice cultivars treated with different levels of γ irradiation and sodium azide (SA) soaking time were allocated in the main plots, and mutagen groups in sub-plots. We use the generalized linear models, as implemented in the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS University Edition, to analyze agronomic performances. These results showed that the genotypes in M1 generation present diversity under the drought stress level of -0.03 MPa, and the best combination between cultivar and mutagen is Inpago Unsoed 1 that was irradiated with γ 100 Gy and then soaked in SA for 2h. These genotypes can be used as a sources of drought tolerance in future rice breeding programmes.
Mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for multiple sclerosis: a focus on experimental animal studies
Authors: Lotfy Ahmed , Ali Nourhan S. , Abdelgawad Mai , Salama Mohamed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and debilitating neurological condition in which the immune system abnormally attacks the myelin sheath insulating the nerves. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are found in most adult tissues and play a significant systemic role in self-repair. MSCs have promising therapeutic effects in many diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, including MS. MSCs have been tested in MS animal models, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Other studies have combined other agents with MSCs, genetically modified MSCs, or used culture medium from MSCs. In this review, we will summarize these studies and compare the main factors in each study, such as the source of MSCs, the type of animal model, the route of injection, the number of injected cells, and the mechanism of action.
Shear Strength of a Synthetic Transparent Soft Clay Using a Miniature Ball Penetrometer Test
Authors: Ads Abdelaziz , Iskander Magued , Bless Stephan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article is concerned with the properties of Laponite colloids, which are being used as a transparent surrogate for soft natural clays. Laponite is a synthetic smectite clay similar to natural hectorite clay that is made of magnesium lithium phyllosilicate (MLPS). The effect of aging on the shear strength of transparent soft clay formed from MLPS and water is presented in this article. A miniature ball penetrometer (MBP) was developed for this study. MBP tests were used to measure the shear strength of samples at three different concentrations of MLPS in water. Sodium pyrophosphate was used to slow down the flocculation of MLPS by altering its rheology, thus improving the transparency of higher MLPS concentration samples. Parameters that were studied included the water quality, aging, penetration rate, penetrometer geometry, and repeatability. The strength of clays made of MLPS was found to increase with MLPS concentration, depth, and penetration rate. Water quality had little effect on strength or transparency. Equations to predict the strength of MLPS based on constituents, age, and stress, as well as the effect of rate of loading, are proposed. The performance of the MBP test was also investigated. It showed excellent repeatability, although the shear strength measured was dependent, to some degree, on the penetrometer’s dimensions as well as the rate of loading.
The de Novo Reference Genome and Transcriptome Assemblies of the Wild Tomato Species Solanum chilense Highlights Birth and Death of NLR Genes Between Tomato Species
Authors: Stam Remco , Nosenko Tetyana , Hörger Anja C , Stephan Wolfgang , Seidel Michael , Kuhn José M M , Haberer Georg , Tellier Aurelien 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wild tomato species, like Solanum chilense, are important germplasm resources for enhanced biotic and abiotic stress resistance in tomato breeding. S. chilense also serves as a model to study adaptation of plants to drought and the evolution of seed banks. The absence of a well-annotated reference genome in this compulsory outcrossing, very diverse species limits in-depth studies on the genes involved.
We generated ∼134 Gb of DNA and 157 Gb of RNA sequence data for S chilense, which yielded a draft genome with an estimated length of 914 Mb, encoding 25,885 high-confidence predicted gene models, which show homology to known protein-coding genes of other tomato species. Approximately 71% of these gene models are supported by RNA-seq data derived from leaf tissue samples. Benchmarking with Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis of predicted gene models retrieved 93.3% of BUSCO genes. To further verify the genome annotation completeness and accuracy, we manually inspected the NLR resistance gene family and assessed its assembly quality. We find subfamilies of NLRs unique to S. chilense. Synteny analysis suggests significant degree of the gene order conservation between the S. chilense, S. lycopersicum and S. pennellii genomes.
We generated the first genome and transcriptome sequence assemblies for the wild tomato species Solanum chilense and demonstrated their value in comparative genomics analyses. These data are an important resource for studies on adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress in Solanaceae, on evolution of self-incompatibility and for tomato breeding.
The Trithorax Group Factor ULTRAPETALA1 Regulates Developmental as Well as Biotic and Abiotic Stress Response Genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tyler Ludmila , Miller Mark J , Fletcher Jennifer C 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn eukaryotes, Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) factors oppositely regulate gene transcription during development through histone modifications, with PcG factors repressing and trxG factors activating the expression of their target genes. Although plant trxG factors regulate many developmental and physiological processes, their downstream targets are poorly characterized. Here we use transcriptomics to identify genome-wide targets of the Arabidopsis thaliana trxG factor ULTRAPETALA1 (ULT1) during vegetative and reproductive development and compare them with those of the PcG factor CURLY LEAF (CLF). We find that genes involved in development and transcription regulation are over-represented among ULT1 target genes. In addition, stress response genes and defense response genes such as those in glucosinolate metabolic pathways are enriched, revealing a previously unknown role for ULT1 in controlling biotic and abiotic response pathways. Finally, we show that many ULT1 target genes can be oppositely regulated by CLF, suggesting that ULT1 and CLF may have antagonistic effects on plant growth and development in response to various endogenous and environmental cues.
Identifikasi Hubungan Linier dan Non-Linier antara Rasio-Rasio Keuangan dan Return Saham
Authors: Dwiana Putra I Made Pande , Badera I Dewa Nyoman 
Published: October 2019

Researches on relevance of financial ratios on stock returns mostly adopt linearity assumptions. This research aims to show the relevance of financial ratios on stock return and to compare the accuracy of linear and non linear models. Linear and non linear multivariate regression models are constructed from several financial ratios towards stock return to identify ratios with significant influences and subsequently compared in regard of their determinations. The samples consist of manufacturing companies listed on IDX from 2009 through 2016 totaling 97 companies. Results of bivariate regressions show consistent relationships exist in form of positive-quadratic relationships for profitability ratios (ROA and ROE) and negative-logarithmic relationships for liquidity and solvability ratios (CR, QR and DER). In general, profitability ratios remain the dominant ratios affecting stock returns
The Correlation of Teachers’ Reinforcement and Students’ Achievement in English Learning Process
Authors: Fajrin Nurul Hidayati , Kustati Martin , Yustina Luli Sari 
Published: October 2019

Teachers have to do several actions in the class such us encouragement, reinforcement, reward, and punishment. In this case researchers focuses on reinforcement. One of the class managements’ indicator is teacher gives reinforcement and feedback to students’ responses and students’ achievement as long as Learning Process. The study aims to identify teachers’ reinforcement in English Learning Process at Senior High School 1 Padang. A quantitative research was used where the data taken from questionnaire. It was focused on positive and negative reinforcement that used in English Learning Process and any significant correlation of teacher’ reinforcement and students’ achievement. The data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation. Based on the statement above, it can be concluded that all of the positive and negative reinforcement used by English teacher at Senior High School 1 Padang and the mostly used is positive reinforcement. The finding is there is significance correlation of teachers’ reinforcement and students’ achievement in English Learning Process. All of the teachers are expected that using reinforcement in English Learning Process due to increased the students’ achievement
Analisis Kebutuhan dalam Pengembangan Bahasa Asing dI UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Authors: Asrina Asrina , Sihombing Abdul Manan 
Published: October 2019

Learning foreign languages, especially Arabic and English at the Imam Bonjol State Islamic University in Padang has been going on for a long time but the results have not been as expected and are seen as not satisfying stakeholders. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct research on the programs that are run based on the need analysis for training foreign languages. Need analysis is the process of finding gaps between what people know, do, or feel and what they have to know, do, or feel in order to be able to do competently. Therefore, needs analysis is planned and carried out to obtain a number of data or information about conditions and needs. Needs analysis helps organizations and individuals to find solutions. Needs analysis is needed before implementing the program to see gaps or differences between ideal and optimal conditions. The results of the needs analysis inspire the design of the type of program, the objectives and indicators of success, the structure of the program, the material, the evaluation and monitoring system, and the criteria for the participants and relevant resource persons. Through this research, Present Situation Analysis, Target Situation Analysis and Expected Improvements were carried out. From the analysis carried out it can be concluded that the foreign language training that has been conducted has not yet fulfilled expectations and has not been maximized, therefore comprehensive improvements need to be carried out from various sides.
Markedly Increased Ocular Side Effect Causing Severe Vision Deterioration After Chemotherapy Using New or Investigational Epidermal or Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors.
Authors: Shin Eunhae , Lim Dong Hui , Han Jisang , Nam Do-Hyun , Park Keunchil , Ahn Myung-Ju , Kang Won Ki , Lee Jeeyun , Lee Se-Hoon , Sun Jong-Mu , Jung Hyun Ae , Chung Tae-Young 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

To describe corneal epithelial changes after using epidermal (EGFR) or fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors as chemotherapy and to clarify incidence and prognosis.

Materials

Retrospective chart review.

Results

Among 6,871 patients and 17 EGFR or FGFR inhibitors, 1,161 patients (16.9%) referred for ophthalmologic examination. Authors identified that in twelve patients, 3 EGFR inhibitors and 2 FGFR inhibitors that caused corneal epithelial lesions. Vandetanib, Osimertinib, and an EGFR agent under clinical trial (ABT-414) caused vortex keratopathy in nine patients and ASP5878 and FPA144, the FGFR inhibitors of clinical trial caused epithelial changes resembling corneal dysmaturation in three patients. Mean interval until symptoms appear was 246 days with Vandetanib, 196 days with Osimertinib, 30 days with ABT-414, 55 days with ASP5878 and 70 days with FPA144. Mean of lowest logarithm of minimal angle of resolution units (logMAR) visual acuity of right eye after chemotherapy was 0.338 and 0.413 in left eye. Incidence of epithelial changes were 15.79% with Vandetanib, 0.005% with Osimertinib, 100% with ABT414, 50.0% with ASP5878 and 18.2% with FPA144. After excluding deceased patients, or were lost to follow-up or were still undergoing treatment, we confirmed the reversibility of corneal lesions after discontinuation of each agent. Although patients diagnosed with glioblastoma used prophylactic topical steroids before and during ABT-414 therapy, all developed vortex keratopathy.

Conclusions

EGFR and FGFR inhibitors are well known chemotherapy agents and could make corneal epithelial changes. Contrary to low probability of ocular complication with old EGFR drugs, recently introduced EGFR and FGFR agents showed high incidence of ocular complication with severe vision distortion. Doctors should forewarn patients planning chemotherapy with EGFR or FGFR inhibitors that decreased visual acuity could develop due to corneal epithelial changes, and also reassure them that the condition could be improved after the end of treatment without the use of steroid eye drops.
Determining ‘Curriculum Viability’ through Standards and Inhibitors of Curriculum Quality: A Scoping Review
Authors: Khan Rehan Ahmed , Spruijt Annemarie , Mahboob Usman , Merrienboer Jeroen J. G. van 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background A curriculum is dynamic entity and hence, metaphorically, can be considered ‘alive’. Curricular diseases may impair its quality and hence its viability. The quality of a curriculum is typically assessed against certain quality standards only. This approach does not identify the inhibitors impeding the achievement of quality standards. The purpose of this study is to identify not only standards but also inhibitors of curriculum quality, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of what we coin ‘curriculum viability’. Methods We performed a scoping review of ‘curriculum viability’, after which 13 articles were found eligible through a meticulous search and selection process. We first identified 1233 studies based on matching keywords, title and abstract; 36 of which met our inclusion criteria. After application of the Qualsyst criteria, two independent reviewers performed a thematic analysis of the 13 articles that remained. Results While all studies reported on standards of quality, only two studies described both standards and inhibitors of quality. These standards and inhibitors were related to educational content and strategy, students, faculty, assessment, educational/work environment, communication, technology and leadership. Conclusions The framework of curriculum viability thus developed will help identify inhibitors adversely affecting the curriculum viability and remaining hidden or un-noticed when curriculum evaluation is done.