bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review: The effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents with depression – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Duffy Fiona , Sharpe Helen , Schwannauer Matthias 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundInterpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents (IPT‐A) is a manualised, time‐limited intervention for young people with depression. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of IPT‐A for treating adolescent depression.MethodA systematic search of relevant electronic databases and study reference lists was conducted. Any study investigating the effectiveness of IPT‐A in 12‐ to 20‐year‐olds with a depressive disorder was eligible. Synthesis was via narrative summary and meta‐analysis.ResultsTwenty studies were identified (10 randomised trials and 10 open trials/case studies), many of which had small sample sizes and were of varying quality. Following IPT‐A, participants experienced large improvements in depression symptoms (d = −1.48, p < .0001, k = 17), interpersonal difficulties with a medium effect (d = −0.68, p < .001, k = 8) and in general functioning with a very large effect (d = 2.85, p < .001, k = 8). When compared against control interventions, IPT‐A was more effective than non‐CBT active controls in reducing depression symptoms (d = −0.64, p < .001, k = 5) and was no different from CBT (d = 0.05, p = .88, k = 2). There was no difference between IPT‐A and active control interventions in reducing interpersonal difficulties (d = −0.26, p = .25, k = 5).ConclusionsInterpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents is an effective intervention for adolescent depression, improving a range of relevant outcomes. IPT‐A is consistently superior to less structured interventions and performs similarly to CBT. However, these conclusions are cautious, as they are based on a small number of controlled studies, with minor adaptations to the standard IPT‐A protocol, and/or were conducted by the intervention developers. Further robust RCTs are therefore required. The lack of superiority in IPT‐A for improving interpersonal difficulties highlights a need for studies to explore the underpinning mechanisms of change.
Lipid peroxidation increases hydrogen peroxide permeability leading to cell death in cancer cell lines that lack mtDNA
Authors: Tomita Kazuo , Takashi Yuko , Ouchi Yuya , Kuwahara Yoshikazu , Igarashi Kento , Nagasawa Taisuke , Nabika Hideki , Kurimasa Akihiro , Fukumoto Manabu , Nishitani Yoshihiro , Sato Tomoaki 
Published: July 2019

Abstract4‐Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is an important product of plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, which is a cause of cell and tissue injury. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐depleted ρ0 cells were established using human cervical cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. We investigated the effect of reactive oxygen species in ρ0 cells, especially the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐mediated cell death. These cell were subjected to high oxidative stress and, compared with their parental cells, showed greater sensitivity to H2O2 and high lipid peroxidation. Upregulation of HNE in the plasma membrane was observed prior to the increase in intracellular H2O2. The amount of oxidized lipid present changed H2O2 permeability and administration of oxidized lipid led to further cell death after treatment with H2O2. Expression levels of lipoxygenase ALOX genes (ie ALOX5, ALOX12, and ALOX15) were upregulated in ρ0 cells, as were expression levels of ALOX12 and ALOX15 proteins. ALOX5 protein was mainly distributed in the nucleus, while ALOX12 and ALOX15 proteins were distributed in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Although expression of COX2 gene was upregulated, its protein expression did not increase. ALOX (especially ALOX15) may be involved in the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment. These data offer promise for the development of novel anticancer agents by altering the oxidation state of the plasma membrane. Our results showed that lipid peroxidation status is important for H2O2 sensitivity and that ALOX15 is involved in lipid peroxidation status.
Gram‐negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas colonization in mucositis and peri‐implantitis of implants restored with cemented and screwed reconstructions: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ramón‐Morales Carlos‐Andrés , Ramón‐Morales Oscar‐Miguel , Ardila Carlos M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the association between Gram‐negative enteric rods and Pseudomonas with mucositis and peri‐implantitis, in implants restored with cemented and screw‐retained reconstructions.Materials and MethodsIndividuals treated with implants, diagnosed with peri‐implant mucositis and or peri‐implantitis, participated in this study. Microbiota from the implant and the gingival sulcus of two neighboring teeth were also studied. The microorganisms were identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.ResultsA total of 52 and 51 implants cemented and screwed restored were evaluated in 31 patients. The presence of Gram‐negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas (P = .01) was significantly higher in the cemented restored implants. When the unit of analysis was the implant, the presence of Gram‐negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas was associated with cemented restored implants after adjustment for possible confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.4‐10; P = .01); besides, peri‐implantitis was statistically significant in the multivariate model (P = .008). Considering the patient as a unit of analysis, peri‐implantitis was associated with cemented restored implants (OR = 9.4; 95% CI, 2‐46; P = .006); this statistically significant association remained after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 6.8; 95% CI, 1.3‐37; P = .02).ConclusionThe presence of Gram‐negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas was associated with cemented restored implants; besides, peri‐implantitis was associated with cemented restored implants.
Mediation of area and edge effects in forest fragments by adjacent land use
Authors: Hatfield Jack H. , Barlow Jos , Joly Carlos A. , Lees Alexander C. , Parruco Celso Henrique de Freitas , Tobias Joseph A. , Orme C. David L. , Banks‐Leite Cristina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHabitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation have pervasive detrimental effects on tropical forest biodiversity, but the role of the surrounding land use (i.e., matrix) in determining the severity of these impacts remains poorly understood. We surveyed bird species across an interior‐edge‐matrix gradient to assess the effects of matrix type on biodiversity at 49 different sites with varying levels of landscape fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest—a highly threatened biodiversity hotspot. Both area and edge effects were more pronounced in forest patches bordering pasture matrix, whereas patches bordering Eucalyptus plantation maintained compositionally similar bird communities between the edge and the interior and exhibited reduced effects of patch size. These results suggest the type of matrix in which forest fragments are situated can explain a substantial amount of the widely reported variability in biodiversity responses to forest loss and fragmentation.
Evaluating stakeholder‐derived strategies to reduce the risk of ships striking whales
Authors: Redfern Jessica V. , Moore Thomas J. , Becker Elizabeth A. , Calambokidis John , Hastings Sean P. , Irvine Ladd M. , Mate Bruce R. , Palacios Daniel M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimShip strikes are one of the largest sources of human‐caused mortality for baleen whales on the West Coast of the United States. Reducing ship‐strike risk in this region is complicated by changes in ship traffic that resulted from air pollution regulations and economic factors. A diverse group of stakeholders was convened to develop strategies to reduce ship‐strike risk in the Southern California Bight. Strategies proposed by some stakeholders included: (a) adding a shipping route; (b) expanding the existing area to be avoided (ATBA); and (c) reducing ship speeds.LocationSouthern California Bight, off the coast of California, United States.MethodsWe developed methods to estimate ship traffic in the stakeholder‐derived strategies using 8 years of ship traffic data. To assess ship‐strike risk for fin, humpback, and blue whales, we used habitat models developed from 7 years of survey data and home ranges derived from 53 blue whale tags. We defined collision risk as the co‐occurrence between whales and ships. The risk of a lethal collision was calculated by multiplying collision risk by the probability that a collision is lethal, which is estimated using ship speed.ResultsSpeed reductions resulted in a large decrease in the risk of a lethal ship strike. Creating a shipping route or expanding the ATBA reduced the risk of a strike by removing traffic from a whale feeding area. Creating a shipping route was opposed by the United States Navy and the shipping industry, but expanding the ATBA was broadly supported.Main conclusionsOur analyses suggest that speed reductions and expanding the ATBA may provide an optimal solution for addressing stakeholder needs and reducing ship strikes in the Southern California Bight. The methods we developed can be used to address the global issue of balancing human use of the marine environment with the protection of whale populations.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of a gratitude intervention for adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Schache K. R. , Hofman P. L. , Serlachius A. S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimCost‐effective psychosocial interventions that can feasibly be implemented into busy clinical settings are needed to improve psychological and physical health outcomes in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. We examined the efficacy of a gratitude journalling intervention to improve psychological well‐being and glycaemic control in adolescents aged 10–16 years with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsEighty adolescents were randomized to the 8‐week gratitude intervention (N = 40) or standard care (N = 40). Self‐reported measures of stress, quality of life, self‐care, depression and gratitude were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after baseline. Glycaemic control (HbA1c) was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after baseline. A per‐protocol analysis was conducted with the adolescents who completed all questionnaires (N = 60). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine differences between treatment arms at follow‐up adjusting for baseline scores.ResultsThere was no evidence of any between‐group differences in the psychological or behavioural measures at follow‐up (all P‐values > 0.05). Glycaemic control slightly increased in the control group while remaining stable in the gratitude group, with a between‐group difference of 6.1 mmol/mol [95% confidence interval (CI) −2.6 to 14.7; 0.6%, 95% CI −0.2 to 1.3] at 12 weeks after baseline. After adjusting for baseline HbA1c, this between‐group difference was significant (P = 0.048).ConclusionsThis is the first randomized trial of a gratitude journalling intervention for adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Gratitude journalling interventions represent a clinically usable approach. If and how it helps to stabilise glycaemic control in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes remains to be confirmed in future research.
Risk of bleeding and thrombosis in inherited qualitative fibrinogen disorders
Authors: Castaman Giancarlo , Giacomelli Sofia H. , Biasoli Chiara , Contino Laura , Radossi Paolo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesInherited dysfibrinogenemia is a rare disorder, for which clinical studies related to the risk of bleeding or thrombosis and the type of causative mutation are scanty.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the laboratory, clinical, and genotypic features of 50 patients with inherited dysfibrinogenemia belonging to 19 unrelated families.ResultsIn all the index cases, fibrinogen activity by Clauss method was below the normal range, while it was observed in 57.9% only by PT‐derived method. In three families, hypodysfibrinogenemia was evident, associated with three novel mutations (Ter492Gln in FGB, Cys365Asp, and Leu370Phe in FGG). Three additional novel mutations were also identified (Arg114Lys in FGA, Ile131Thr and Trp234Arg in FGG). Bleeding symptoms assessed by ISTH‐BAT scored at least 1 in 30% of patients and, significant bleeding symptoms were mainly present in female patients, especially associated with pregnancy. Two patients with FGB Arg44Cys suffered from venous thromboembolism, and two with FGA Arg35His had ischemic stroke at older age.ConclusionsThis study confirms the heterogeneity of clinical features in inherited dysfibrinogenemia, due to the wide spectrum of the causative mutations. Larger multicenter studies are needed to assess the definitive correlation of some mutations with bleeding or thrombosis.
Adsorption process of polar and nonpolar compounds in a nanopore model of humic substances
Authors: Tunega Daniel , Gerzabek Martin H. , Haberhauer Georg , Lischka Hans , Solc Roland , Aquino Adelia J. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHumic substances (HSs) as a major part of soil organic matter (SOM) are complex combinations of natural organic matter, which are ubiquitous in the environment and occur predominantly in soils, residues and natural water. They play a crucial role in the fate and behaviour of contaminants in the environment. In this work, an HS nanopore model was based on a structural motif containing polar and nonpolar domains. The polar domain was represented by the carboxyl groups that predominate in the composition of HSs, whereas the nonpolar domain was constructed by aliphatic chains. The effect of hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions on sorption in HSs was analysed by the inclusion of the nonpolar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene and the polar herbicide 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in the nanopore. Water cluster was also included to allow the formation of the water molecular bridges (WaMB), which stabilized the whole system. Thermodynamic potential‐of‐mean‐force (PMF) calculations by means of classical molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of polar and nonpolar domains in the adsorption mechanism. The polar MCPA molecule was stabilized at the hydrophilic water–HS interface, whereas nonpolar naphthalene was stabilized inside of the hydrophobic nanovoid of the HS nanopore model. The obtained results demonstrated that the adsorption strength of HSs regarding polar and nonpolar species is similar, but the adsorption mechanisms differ.Highlights
The work elucidates the adsorption mechanism of polar and nonpolar species in SOM at the molecular scale.
The derived HS model was suitable to describe and explain the adsorption properties of SOM by means of constrained molecular dynamics simulations.
Adsorption mechanisms for polar and nonpolar species in SOM differ. Polar molecules prefer the water–SOM interface, whereas nonpolar molecules are trapped in hydrophobic nanovoids of SOM.
Molecular dynamics simulation is an effective method providing a detailed description of the adsorption processes in SOM.
Sensory Processing Sensitivity and the Subjective Experience of Parenting: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Aron Elaine N. , Aron Arthur , Nardone Natalie , Zhou Shelly 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) and parental subjective experience (PSE).BackgroundSPS is a temperament trait characterized by greater sensitivity to environmental and social stimuli; no previous research has examined the relation of SPS to PSE (e.g., how much parents feel parenting is difficult or feel connected to their child).MethodIn the first of two online studies, mothers were unaware of the study's relation to SPS (N = 92). In the second, mothers (n = 802) and fathers (n = 65) were recruited through an SPS‐related website. SPS was assessed by the short version of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale; PSE by 27 items with three components—Parenting Difficulties, Good Coparenting Relationship, and Attunement to Child.ResultsControlling or not for external stressors, negative affectivity, children's age, and socioeconomic status, high‐SPS mothers in both studies scored meaningfully higher on Parenting Difficulties and Attunement to Child; high‐SPS fathers scored higher on Attunement to Child. SPS had little association with Coparenting Relationship.ConclusionParents high in SPS report more attunement with child, although mothers found parenting more difficult.ImplicationsThis information could aid family researchers, particularly by considering the role of adult temperament. It also suggests that interventions focused on high‐SPS parents could improve their parenting experience and hence perhaps enhance child development. Thus, this research and what may follow from it could advance both theory and practice.
Reliability analysis of metal‐composite adhesive joints under debonding modes I, II, and I/II using the results of experimental and FEM analyses
Authors: Delbariani‐Nejad A. , Malakouti M. , Farrokhabadi A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present study, the experimental and finite element (FE) analyses are first carried out to investigate the deboning behavior of metal‐composite adhesive joints under modes of I and mode II loading. To conduct an FE on the debonding propagation, cohesive zone method (CZM), as well as maximum nominal stress and energy criteria, is applied. In the reliability analysis, to achieve the probability of debonding growth (PODG), limit state functions are formulated based on the energy release rate. To that end, the first‐order reliability method (FORM), the second‐order reliability method (SORM), and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) are used to calculate the PODG. The effect of initial debonding length on the PODG in all mentioned modes is investigated. Results obtained from reliability analysis reveal that the random variables including the initial debonding length, width, and thickness are the most sensitive variables to ascertain the PODG.
Dynamic finite element modeling and fatigue damage analysis of thermite welds
Authors: Liu Z. , Shi X. , Tsang K.S. , Hoh H.J. , Pang J.H.L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRailway track comprises of continuous welded rail mounted with rail clips on sleepers integrated to a ballast track form system. Modeling the rail structure with thermite weld subjected to the complex dynamic loadings is a challenging problem. Fatigue failures at the head‐to‐web, web‐to‐foot, and foot regions of weld collar are investigated. In this paper, a combined method of multibody system dynamic analysis and dynamic finite element analysis was used. A train roll‐in experiment was conducted at a train depot test track to validate modeling results predicted at the strain gauge location. Three critical plane‐based multiaxial fatigue criterions incorporated with a smallest enclosing circle algorithm were implemented in Python code to study the fatigue behavior at weld collar. Parametric studies were also conducted to investigate the effects of track component materials, track curvature, and train velocity. This approach provides a method for predicting the failures of thermite welded joints in railway tracks.
A triage framework for managing novel, hybrid, and designed marine ecosystems
Authors: Schläppy Marie‐Lise , Hobbs Richard J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe novel ecosystem (NE) concept has been discussed in terrestrial restoration ecology over the last 15 years but has not yet found much traction in the marine context. Against a background of unprecedented environmental change, managers of natural marine resources have portfolios full of altered systems for which restoration to a previous historical baseline may be impractical for ecological, social, or financial reasons. In these cases, the NE concept is useful for weighing options and emphasizes the risk of doing nothing by forcing questions regarding the value of novelty and how it can best be managed in the marine realm. Here, we explore how the concept fits marine ecosystems. We propose a scheme regarding how the NE concept could be used as a triage framework for use in marine environments within the context of a decision framework that explicitly considers changed ecosystems and whether restoration is the best or only option. We propose a conceptual diagram to show where marine NEs fit in the continuum of unaltered to shifted marine ecosystems. Overall, we suggest that the NE concept is of interest to marine ecologists and resource managers because it introduces a new vocabulary for considering marine systems that have been changed through human actions but have not shifted to an alternate stable state. Although it remains to be seen whether the concept of marine NEs leads to better conservation and restoration decisions, we posit that the concept may help inform management decisions in an era of unprecedented global marine change.
Anthropogenic N deposition alters soil organic matter biochemistry and microbial communities on decaying fine roots
Authors: Argiroff William A. , Zak Donald R. , Upchurch Rima A. , Salley Sydney O. , Grandy A. Stuart 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFine root litter is a primary source of soil organic matter (SOM), which is a globally important pool of C that is responsive to climate change. We previously established that ~20 years of experimental nitrogen (N) deposition has slowed fine root decay and increased the storage of soil carbon (C; +18%) across a widespread northern hardwood forest ecosystem. However, the microbial mechanisms that have directly slowed fine root decay are unknown. Here, we show that experimental N deposition has decreased the relative abundance of Agaricales fungi (−31%) and increased that of partially ligninolytic Actinobacteria (+24%) on decaying fine roots. Moreover, experimental N deposition has increased the relative abundance of lignin‐derived compounds residing in SOM (+53%), and this biochemical response is significantly related to shifts in both fungal and bacterial community composition. Specifically, the accumulation of lignin‐derived compounds in SOM is negatively related to the relative abundance of ligninolytic Mycena and Kuehneromyces fungi, and positively related to Microbacteriaceae. Our findings suggest that by altering the composition of microbial communities on decaying fine roots such that their capacity for lignin degradation is reduced, experimental N deposition has slowed fine root litter decay, and increased the contribution of lignin‐derived compounds from fine roots to SOM. The microbial responses we observed may explain widespread findings that anthropogenic N deposition increases soil C storage in terrestrial ecosystems. More broadly, our findings directly link composition to function in soil microbial communities, and implicate compositional shifts in mediating biogeochemical processes of global significance.