bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Samarita Ibanez: An Identity Journey from First Life to Second
Authors: Anarbaeva Samara Mamatovna 
Published: August 2018

When we are given the chance to have a Second Life online, we often choose to modify our offline selves with a little something extra, e.g. younger looking skin or a taller figure, or we choose a slightly different direction in terms of race and/or gender. This paper explores the construction of a Second Life avatar's identity in terms of race, and gender. In Second Life, users can embody a virtual body similar to or different from their offline body. Avatars are created by people who sit in front of a computer with a set of lived experiences, identities, characteristics, and beliefs. This work describes one avatar's journey into Second Life, focusing on the intersections of offline and online materializations of raced and gendered identities. In creating a second self, how do power imbalances based on gender and ethnicity within global space shape the creation of an avatar? What social and communicative issues emerge through Second Life existences? In order to respond to these questions, an ethnographic study as well as interviews with three different users of Second Life were conducted to examine the steps an individual takes when he or she becomes a resident of Second Life.
The fallacy of the fiscal theory of the price level – one last time
Authors: Buiter Willem H. , Sibert Anne C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
There have been attempts to resurrect the fiscal theory of the price revel (FTPL). The original FTPL rests on a fundamental compounded fallacy: confusing the intertemporal budget constraint (IBC) of the State, holding with equality and with sovereign bonds priced at their contractual values, with a misspecified equilibrium nominal bond pricing equation, and the ‘double use’ of this IBC. This generates a number of internal inconsistencies and anomalies. The FTPL is not about endogenous money issuance guaranteeing solvency of the State when public spending and taxes are exogenous. The problem is not about empirical content or the realism of the assumptions, but about flawed internal logic. The issue is not just of academic interest. If fiscal authorities were to take the FTPL seriously, costly policy accidents, including sovereign default and hyperinflation, could result. Interpreting the FTPL as an equilibrium selection mechanism in models with multiple equilibria does not help. Attempts by Sims to extend the FTPL to models with nominal price rigidities fail. The attempted resurrection of the FTPL fails.
Preliminary study on geo-mechanical aspects of SSiC canisters
Authors: Zhao Ya-Nan , Konietzky Heinz , Knorr Jürgen , Kerber Albert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. To meet safety requirements for underground storage of high-level nuclear
waste, engineered barriers are an integral part of a modern defense-in-depth
concept and therefore have to be considered in interaction with the host
rock. This study presents preliminary results for the load behavior of a
canister made of pressure-less sintered silicon carbide (SSiC), which forms
the main retention barrier for the fission products in a new multi-layer
waste package design denominated as TRIPLE C. This means a three-fold
enclosure strategy, spreading the functionalities to three different ceramic
barriers: first the porous potting compound surrounding each single fuel rod
in the container, second the solid container wall of SSiC and third the
over-pack of carbon concrete. Besides all the advantages a potential drawback
of ceramics in general is their brittleness. Therefore, the behavior of SSiC
structural components under static and dynamic loading has to be
investigated. First results for a small model canister indicate that static
loading will not create any relevant damage, even if stresses are extremely
high and highly anisotropic on a canister all-around embedded. First dynamic
simulations indicate that, under very unfavorable circumstances, the model
canister can experience tensile stresses bigger than its tensile strength.
Also, point loading may cause damage to the canister under certain
conditions. Based on the performed calculations, the SSiC canister design
will be optimized together with the carbon concrete over-pack, so that
mechanical damage of main retention barrier can be excluded even under
extreme static and dynamic conditions in a final repository.
An evaluation of the performance of Sea-Bird Scientific's SeaFET™ autonomous pH sensor: considerations for the broader oceanographic community
Authors: Miller Cale A. , Pocock Katie , Evans Wiley , Kelley Amanda L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The commercially available Sea-Bird SeaFET™ provides an accessible way
for a broad community of researchers to study ocean acidification and obtain
robust measurements of seawater pH via the use of an in situ autonomous sensor.
There are pitfalls, however, that have been detailed in previous best
practices for sensor care, deployment, and data handling. Here, we took
advantage of two distinctly different coastal settings to evaluate the
Sea-Bird SeaFET™ and examine the multitude of scenarios in which
problems may arise confounding the accuracy of measured pH. High-resolution
temporal measurements of pH were obtained during 3- to 5-month field
deployments in three separate locations (two in south-central Alaska, USA,
and one in British Columbia, Canada) spanning a broad range of nearshore
temperature and salinity conditions. Both the internal and external
electrodes onboard the SeaFET™ were evaluated against robust benchtop
measurements for accuracy using the factory calibration, an in situ
single-point calibration, or an in situ multi-point calibration. In addition, two
sensors deployed in parallel in Kasitsna Bay, Alaska, USA, were compared for
inter-sensor variability in order to quantify other factors contributing to
the sensor's intrinsic inaccuracies. Based on our results, the multi-point
calibration method provided the highest accuracy (< 0.025 difference
in pH) of pH when compared against benchtop measurements. Spectral analysis
of time series data showed that during spring in Alaskan waters, a range of
tidal frequencies dominated pH variability, while seasonal oceanographic
conditions were the dominant driver in Canadian waters. Further, it is
suggested that spectral analysis performed on initial deployments may be
able to act as an a posteriori method to better identify appropriate calibration regimes.
Based on this evaluation, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the
potential sources of uncertainty associated with accuracy and precision of
the SeaFET™ electrodes.
Servicios eco sistémicos brindados por Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. Centro, Tabasco, México
Authors: González-Hernández Alejandro , Magaña-Alejandro Miguel Alberto , Sol-Sánchez Angel 
Published: August 2018

El presente trabajo se realizó en la División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas de la UJAT, con la finalidad de registrar los servicios ambientales que genera el macuilíz. Esta especie reviste gran importancia ecológica, económica y cultural. Este estudio permitió, conocer los bienes y servicios que esta especie aporta dentro de la División. Para ello se planteó identificar y evaluar losservicios ecosistémicos que brinda esta especie en la DACBiol-UJAT, durante el año 2017. El trabajo se dividió en tres partes: Primero, revisión bibliográfica, segundo, trabajo de campo; dividido en 7 etapas; 1) censo, 2) premuestreo, 3) marcaje, 4) medición, 5) monitoreo, 6) servicios ambientales y 7) etapas reproductivas; y tercero trabajo de gabinete. Los bienes y servicios registrados fueron: alimento, regulación de la temperatura, polinización, anidación, nidación, hábitat, refugio, percha, descanso, generación de materia orgánica, sombra y belleza escénica. Se registraron cuatro grupos taxonómicos de fauna que hacen uso de los bienes que genera esta especie: aves, insectos, mamíferos y reptiles; los grupos que registraron mayor riqueza fueron las aves seguido por el grupo de insectos. Se registró una temperatura mensual que va de 28.6 hasta los 34.7°C y en sombra reduce la temperatura de 26 a 30 °C. Se registraron los servicios ecosistémicos que brinda Tabebuia rosea en la zona de estudio; estos servicios se dividieron en cuatro categorías: servicios de provisión, regulación, soporte y cultural. Además, benefician a la diversidad biológica que se sustenta, resguarda y habita en el nicho ecológico que provee esta especie.
Inducción a la ruptura de latencia en semillas de Trema micranthum, (Roem. & Schult.) Blume, una especie emergente para la elaboración del papel amate
Authors: Sánchez-Villegas Nathaly del C. , Sol-Sánchez Ángel , Santamaría Roberto de la Rosa , Baltazar-Bernal Obdulia , Gabino-Roman Javier , Hernández-Domínguez Elizabeta 
Published: August 2018

Fue evaluado el porcentaje de viabilidad en semillas Trema micranthum se dividieron en: pruebas de imbibición y test de tetrazolio para la identificación de las semillas viables germinables y viables no germinables, así como la evaluación de dos promotores de germinación para inhibir la latencia presente en las semillas. La permeabilidad de las semillas se evaluó en lotes de 100 con tres réplicas, la viabilidad se determinó mediante pruebas de tinción con tetrazolio a 0.5 y 1% en diferentes tiempos en donde se obtuvo el porcentaje de semillas viables y no viables. Por otro lado, se evaluaron dos promotores de germinación (Nitrato de potasio (KNO3) y Ácido giberélico (GA3) a tres concentraciones diferentes (500, 1000 y 2000 mg L-1)) con tres repeticiones cada uno seguidos de la siembra en medio MS. Finalmente con las pruebas realizadas se determinó el porcentaje de semillas viables germinables y viables no germinables. Las semillas utilizadas en la evaluación de permeabilidad mostraron que transcurridas 10 horas alcanzaban un máximo de absorción de agua, la determinación de tinción de semillas tuvo mayor resultado con tetrazolio al 1.0%. La evaluación de los dos promotores tuvo como resultado el 33% de germinación aproximadamente con GA3 [500 mgL-1] y 18% con KNO3 [500 mgL-1]. Finalmente, de las dos pruebas que fueron realizadas se tuvo como resultado un 50% de semillas viables 28% de semillas viables no germinables, 22% germinables y estos resultados se obtuvieron mediante las pruebas de tinción y en la evaluación de los dos promotores de germinación.
Coral responses to a repeat bleaching event in Mayotte in 2010
Authors: Obura David O. , Bigot Lionel , Benzoni Francesca 
Published: August 2018

Background
High sea surface temperatures resulted in widespread coral bleaching and mortality in Mayotte Island (northern Mozambique channel, Indian Ocean: 12.1°S, 45.1°E) in April–June 2010.

Methods
Twenty three representative coral genera were sampled quantitatively for size class distributions during the peak of the bleaching event to measure its impact.

Results
Fifty two percent of coral area was impacted, comprising 19.3% pale, 10.7% bleached, 4.8% partially dead and 17.5% recently dead. Acropora, the dominant genus, was the second most susceptible to bleaching (22%, pale and bleached) and mortality (32%, partially dead and dead), only exceeded by Pocillopora (32% and 47%, respectively). The majority of genera showed intermediate responses, and the least response was shown by Acanthastrea and Leptastrea (6% pale and bleached). A linear increase in bleaching susceptibility was found from small colonies (<2.5 cm, 83% unaffected) to large ones (>80 cm, 33% unaffected), across all genera surveyed. Maximum mortality in 2010 was estimated at 32% of coral area or biomass, compared to half that (16%), by colony abundance.

Discussion
Mayotte reefs have displayed a high level of resilience to bleaching events in 1983, 1998 and the 2010 event reported here, and experienced a further bleaching event in 2016. However, prospects for continued resilience are uncertain as multiple threats are increasing: the rate of warming experienced (0.1 °C per decade) is some two to three times less than projected warming in coming decades, the interval between severe bleaching events has declined from 16 to 6 years, and evidence of chronic mortality from local human impacts is increasing. The study produced four recommendations for reducing bias when monitoring and assessing coral bleaching: coral colony size should be measured, unaffected colonies should be included in counts, quadrats or belt transects should be used and weighting coefficients in the calculation of indices should be used with caution.
N‐doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanomeshes as Oxygen Reduction in pH‐Universal Media and Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Yang Xiaoxuan , Li Ke , Lv Jiaqi , Chen Xinyu , Zang Hong‐Ying , Tan Hua‐Qiao , Wang Yong‐Hui , Li Yang‐Guang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe design and synthesis of highly active and long‐term durable carbon‐based electrocatalysts with inexpensive raw materials and an environment‐friendly method for many renewable energy conversion and storage technologies remain a major challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a novel synthesis of nitrogen‐doped hierarchically porous carbon nanomeshes. This is the first report of using a green fermentation method to introduce nitrogen sources with grape skins as a single precursor which are a green and highly economical biomass waste globally generated at over 8 million tons per year. The resultant material has a high BET surface area (1029.41 m2 g−1), abundant hierarchical porosity and shows the impressive electrocatalytic performance, durability and excellent methanol tolerance in pH‐universal media for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and alkaline media for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This low‐cost fermentation approach provides a brief pathway to prepare outstanding N‐doped carbon‐based electrocatalysts straightforward from waste biomass.
Investigation of Electrically Heated Exploding Foils in Reactive Al/Ni Multilayer
Authors: Wang Yao , Sun Xinjuan , Jiang Hongchuan , Gao Yuan , Guo Fei , Wang Liang , Zhang Yuxing , Fu Qiubo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms of metal phase transition process during electrical explosion are experimentally and theoretically investigated. Past experiments of investigation are single metal foil, such as gold, aluminum, and copper. The characteristics of aluminum‐nickel (Al/Ni) multilayer foil were investigated, which means electrical behavior and energy output. The foil was fabricated by magnetron sputtering based on ceramic substrate, and lithographically patterned into bow‐tie bridge regions. Scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed the layer structure of the Al/Ni multilayer. X‐ray diffraction characterization was employed to ascertain the composition of Al/Ni. The probing of voltage‐current waveforms reveals that Al/Ni multilayer foils exhibit high voltage, short burst time and high absorbing energy in electrically heated in comparison with copper or nickel alone. We also measured the energy output of foils through velocity measurements of encapsulation layers ejected from bridge region by Photonic Doppler velocimetry. We observed flyer velocities from Al/Ni multilayer foil in the 1.6–2.9 km/s range, which is much higher than copper foil. Combined with the 1‐D non‐stationary acceleration model calculation, it is found that the chemical energy and increased electrical absorbing energy contributed to additional kinetic energy in the 40–80 mJ range.
Analyzing PEGylation through Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Sousa Sérgio F. , Peres Joana , Coelho Manuel , Vieira Tatiana F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPoly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) is the most used polymer in drug delivery due to its unique properties, such as reduced toxicity and high solubility. PEGylation is the process of attaching PEG chains to compounds. Its effect on drug delivery has motivated a lot of experimental and computational studies. To explain and complement experimental findings, all‐atom, coarse‐grained and multi‐scale molecular dynamics simulations are being increasingly done. This review summarizes the computational studies using molecular dynamics that have been done regarding PEG and PEGylation of small molecules, proteins, peptides and drug nanocarriers such as micelles, liposomes, dendrimers and carbon nanotubes. Generally, the various studies presented indicate that molecular dynamics simulations can be a powerful tool in explaining and predicting experimental results and are efficient in providing an atomic‐level insight into the interactions between PEG molecules and other compounds. In particular, MD simulations are nowadays routinely used to provide direct insight into the dominant conformations formed, range of interactions established, and effect of PEGylation on the structural and dynamic properties of different drugs or therapeutic agents, enabling an atomic level analysis of a variety aspects including ionic concentration, identify of ions present, and specific PEG size and number of molecules.
Enhanced Performance of Sn4P3 Electrode Cycled in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte at Intermediate Temperature as Na‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Usui Hiroyuki , Domi Yasuhiro , Nishida Haruka , Yamaguchi Kazuki , Yamagami Ryota , Sakaguchi Hiroki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCharge−discharge performances of Sn4P3 anodes for Na‐ion battery were evaluated in an ionic liquid electrolyte using N‐methyl‐N‐propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide at intermediate temperatures of 60 and 90 oC. At these temperatures, the anode showed extra capacities based on the full sodiation of Sn in a potential range below 0.2 V vs. Na+/Na because its slow kinetics was improved by elevating operation temperature. Under the current density of 0.1 A g−1 (0.08 C), the Sn4P3 anode at 60 oC exhibited a large capacity of 750 mA h g−1 at the 120th cycle and high Coulombic efficiencies above 99% after the 5th cycle. On the other hand, the efficiency degraded at 90 oC by the electrolyte decomposition. At 60 oC, the anode attained an excellent rate performance with capacity of 250 mA h g−1 even at 3 A g−1 (2.65 C). These results demonstrated the promising operation at intermediate temperature at around 60 oC for Sn4P3 anode in ionic liquid electrolyte.
Male Testosterone Does Not Adapt to the Partner's Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Ström Jakob O. , Ingberg Edvin , Slezak Julia K. , Theodorsson Annette , Theodorsson Elvar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
It has not yet been established whether men in heterosexual relationships adapt their hormone levels to their female partner's menstrual cycle to allocate reproductive resources to the period when the female is actually fertile.

Aim
This prospective observational study tested the hypothesis that some males have peaks in testosterone or acne (a possible biomarker for androgen activity) near their partners' ovulation, whereas other males display the opposite pattern.

Methods
48 couples supplied menstrual cycle data, male salivary samples, and a protocol of daily activities for 120 days. Daily saliva samples were analyzed for testosterone concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The main hypothesis was tested by analyzing whether each individual male's testosterone/acne response to ovulation (either an increase or a decrease in comparison to the individual's average levels) was stable over time. To do this, we analyzed the Spearman correlation between individually normalized periovulatory testosterone and acne during the first half of the study versus the second half of the study.

Outcomes
Correlation between each male individual's periovulatory testosterone and acne patterns during the first half of the study versus the second half of the study.

Results
No predictability in the male individuals' testosterone (Spearman's rho = −0.018, P = .905) or acne (Spearman's rho = −0.036, P = .862) levels during ovulation was found.

Clinical translation
The study being “negative,” there is no obvious translational potential in the results.

Strengths and limitations
The main strength of this study lies in the excellent compliance of the study participants and the large number of sampling timepoints over several menstrual cycles, thereby allowing each male individual to be his own control subject. A limitation is that samples were only obtained in the morning; however, including later timepoints would have introduced a number of confounders and would also have hampered the study's feasibility.

Conclusions
The current results strongly indicate that male morning testosterone levels neither increase nor decrease in response to the partner's ovulation. This discordance to previous laboratory studies could indicate either that (i) the phenomenon of hormonal adaptation of men to women does not exist and earlier experimental studies should be questioned, (ii) that the phenomenon is short-lived/acute and wanes if the exposure is sustained, or (iii) that the male testosterone response may be directed toward other women than the partner.
The field of Strategic Communications Professionals: a new research agenda for International Security
Authors: Michelsen Nicholas , Colley Thomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCommunication has long been accepted as integral to the conduct of international affairs. The role that discourses, ideas, norms, and narratives play at the systemic level of world politics has been examined extensively. Scholarly interest has now turned to how international actors use political communication tools to create and counter threats, such as propaganda, hybrid warfare, fake news, and election tampering, and it is often taken for granted that states are inferior to their challengers in these domains. To address this, ‘Strategic Communications’ has emerged as a mode of thought and practice promising to enhance state communication; encompassing long-established activities including public diplomacy, public relations, nation branding, and information operations. In this developing field, private sector professionals are increasingly being called on to support and advise governments. Particular attention has been paid to the ‘Big Data’ private companies may have access to, but there has been little IR research examining the experts seeking changes in how strategic communications is practised. Informed by elite interviews with communication professionals across the public-private space, this article sets out a research agenda to fill this gap, enhancing understanding of the expert relationships that shape international strategic communications.
Reaction-infiltration instability in a compacting porous medium
Authors: Rees Jones David W. , Katz Richard F. 
Published: August 2018

Certain geological features have been interpreted as evidence of channelized magma flow in the mantle, which is a compacting porous medium. Aharonovet al. (J. Geophys. Res., vol. 100 (B10), 1995, pp. 20433–20450) developed a simple model of reactive porous flow and numerically analysed its instability to channels. The instability relies on magma advection against a chemical solubility gradient and the porosity-dependent permeability of the porous host rock. We extend the previous analysis by systematically mapping out the parameter space. Crucially, we augment numerical solutions with asymptotic analysis to better understand the physical controls on the instability. We derive scalings for the critical conditions of the instability and analyse the associated bifurcation structure. We also determine scalings for the wavelengths and growth rates of the channel structures that emerge. We obtain quantitative theories for and a physical understanding of, first, how advection or diffusion over the reactive time scale sets the horizontal length scale of channels and, second, the role of viscous compaction of the host rock, which also affects the vertical extent of channelized flow. These scalings allow us to derive estimates of the dimensions of emergent channels that are consistent with the geologic record.