bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valve in valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV‐TAVI) versus redo—Surgical aortic valve replacement (redo‐SAVR): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nalluri Nikhil , Atti Varunsiri , Munir Abdullah B. , Karam Boutros , Patel Nileshkumar J. , Kumar Varun , Vemula Praveen , Edla Sushruth , Asti Deepak , Paturu Amrutha , Gayam Sriramya , Spagnola Jonathan , Barsoum Emad , Maniatis Gregory A. , Tamburrino Frank , Kandov Ruben , Lafferty James , Kliger Chad 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundBioprosthetic (BP) valves have been increasingly used for aortic valve replacement over the last decade. Due to their limited durability, patients presenting with failed BP valves are rising. Valve in Valve − Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (ViV‐TAVI) emerged as an alternative to the gold standard redo‐Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (redo‐SAVR). However, the utility of ViV‐TAVI is poorly understood.MethodsA systematic electronic search of the scientific literature was done in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Only studies which compared the safety and efficacy of ViV‐TAVI and redo‐SAVR head to head in failed BP valves were included.ResultsSix observational studies were eligible and included 594 patients, of whom 255 underwent ViV‐ TAVI and 339 underwent redo‐SAVR. There was no significant difference between ViV‐TAVI and redo‐ SAVR for procedural, 30 day and 1 year mortality rates. ViV‐TAVI was associated with lower risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) (OR: 0.43, CI: 0.21‐0.89; P = 0.02) and a trend toward increased risk of paravalvular leak (PVL) (OR: 5.45, CI: 0.94‐31.58; P = 0.06). There was no significant difference for stroke, major bleeding, vascular complications and postprocedural aortic valvular gradients more than 20 mm‐hg.ConclusionOur results reiterate the safety and feasibility of ViV‐TAVI for failed aortic BP valves in patients deemed to be at high risk for surgery. VIV‐TAVI was associated with lower risk of permanent pacemaker implantation with a trend toward increased risk of paravalvular leak.
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy: An efficacy study for mental health care staff
Authors: Askey‐Jones Ryan 
Published: May 2018

Accessible summaryWhat is known of the subject

Burnout is a major concern within the NHS impacting negatively on mental healthcare professionals. Evidence suggests that burnout can lead to reduced productivity and reduced quality of care for patients.

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) have demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating burnout for healthcare professionals.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

This paper reinforces the positive outcomes within the current literature that MBIs can help reduce burnout amongst mental healthcare professionals. The strength of the paper is that it reports significant correlations between decreased burnout following an increase in mindfulness. No previous research has examined this area and this is the first study to do so.

The participants within this study demonstrated increased personal accomplishment and decreased emotional exhaustion following an 8‐week MBCT course which was maintained at 6‐month follow‐up.

What are the implications for practice

Occupational departments should consider MBI's as part of a package of care for mental healthcare staff as a preventative intervention or as a means of reducing burnout amongst healthcare staff that are currently experiencing emotional and physical exhaustion.

AbstractIntroductionBurnout is a major concern within the NHS impacting negatively on mental healthcare professionals. Evidence suggests that burnout can lead to reduced productivity and reduced quality of care for patients. Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) have demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating burnout for healthcare professionals; however, no previous research has directly reported correlations between burnout and mindfulness.AimDoes mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) reduce burnout amongst mental healthcare professionals and are there any direct correlations between mindfulness and burnout itself?MethodThis effectiveness study evaluated a series of 8‐week (MBCT) groups adapted for healthcare professionals. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Friedberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) at pre, post and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsAnalysis revealed overall significance and large effect sizes on all three subscales of the MBI and the FMI. There were significant correlations in mindfulness when burnout was reduced.DiscussionThese results suggest that MBCT groups for healthcare professionals offer a promising intervention for reducing burnout.Implications for PracticeOccupational departments could consider MBI's as part of a package of care for mental healthcare staff as a preventative intervention or as a means of reducing burnout amongst healthcare staff.
Stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of functional pituitary adenomas associated with feline acromegaly
Authors: Wormhoudt Tiffany L. , Boss Mary‐Keara , Lunn Katharine , Griffin Lynn , Leary Del , Dowers Kristy , Rao Sangeeta , LaRue Susan M. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundConventional fractionated radiotherapy has been shown to be partially effective for management of pituitary tumors in cats that cause acromegaly and diabetes mellitus (DM), but, the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) as a treatment for acromegalic cats has not been described.HypothesisStereotactic radiation therapy is an effective and safe treatment for controlling acromegaly associated with pituitary adenomas in cats. Additionally, SRT‐treated acromegalic cats with DM will experience a decrease in insulin requirements after radiation therapy.AnimalsFifty‐three client‐owned cats referred to Colorado State University for SRT to treat pituitary tumors causing poorly controlled DM secondary to acromegaly.MethodsRetrospective study of cats treated for acromegaly with SRT between 2008 and 2016 at Colorado State University. Diagnosis of acromegaly was based on history, physical examination, laboratory results, and cross‐sectional imaging of the pituitary. Signalment, radiation protocol, insulin requirements over time, adverse effects, and survival were recorded.ResultsMedian survival time was 1072 days. Of the 41 cats for which insulin dosage information was available, 95% (39/41) experienced a decrease in required insulin dose, with 32% (13/41) achieving diabetic remission. Remission was permanent in 62% (8/13) and temporary in 38% (5/13) cats. Median duration to lowest insulin dose was 9.5 months. Of the treated cats, 14% developed hypothyroidism and required supplementation after SRT.ConclusionsStereotactic radiation therapy is safe and effective for treating cats with acromegaly. Cats treated with SRT have improved survival time and control of their DM when compared to previously reported patients treated with non‐SRT.
How do Beliefs Simplify Reasoning?
Authors: Staffel Julia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccording to an increasingly popular epistemological view, people need outright beliefs in addition to credences to simplify their reasoning. Outright beliefs simplify reasoning by allowing thinkers to ignore small error probabilities. What is outright believed can change between contexts. It has been claimed that thinkers manage shifts in their outright beliefs and credences across contexts by an updating procedure resembling conditionalization, which I call pseudo‐conditionalization (PC). But conditionalization is notoriously complicated. The claim that thinkers manage their beliefs via PC is thus in tension with the view that the function of beliefs is to simplify our reasoning. I propose to resolve this puzzle by rejecting the view that thinkers employ PC. Based on this solution, I furthermore argue for a descriptive and a normative claim. The descriptive claim is that the available strategies for managing beliefs and credences across contexts that are compatible with the simplifying function of outright beliefs can generate synchronic and diachronic incoherence in a thinker's attitudes. Moreover, I argue that the view of outright belief as a simplifying heuristic is incompatible with the view that there are ideal norms of coherence or consistency governing outright beliefs that are too complicated for human thinkers to comply with.
Physcomitrella patens MAX2 characterization suggests an ancient role for this F‐box protein in photomorphogenesis rather than strigolactone signalling
Authors: Lopez‐Obando Mauricio , de Villiers Ruan , Hoffmann Beate , Ma Linnan , de Saint Germain Alexandre , Kossmann Jens , Coudert Yoan , Harrison C. Jill , Rameau Catherine , Hills Paul , Bonhomme Sandrine 
Published: May 2018

Summary

Strigolactones (SLs) are key hormonal regulators of flowering plant development and are widely distributed amongst streptophytes. In Arabidopsis, SLs signal via the F‐box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2), affecting multiple aspects of development including shoot branching, root architecture and drought tolerance. Previous characterization of a Physcomitrella patens moss mutant with defective SL synthesis supports an ancient role for SLs in land plants, but the origin and evolution of signalling pathway components are unknown.

Here we investigate the function of a moss homologue of MAX2, PpMAX2, and characterize its role in SL signalling pathway evolution by genetic analysis.

We report that the moss Ppmax2 mutant shows very distinct phenotypes from the moss SL‐deficient mutant. In addition, the Ppmax2 mutant remains sensitive to SLs, showing a clear transcriptional SL response in dark conditions, and the response to red light is also altered. These data suggest divergent evolutionary trajectories for SL signalling pathway evolution in mosses and vascular plants.

In P. patens, the primary roles for MAX2 are in photomorphogenesis and moss early development rather than in SL response, which may require other, as yet unidentified, factors.
OPRM1 influence on and effectiveness of an individualized treatment plan for prescription opioid use disorder patients
Authors: Muriel Javier , Margarit César , Planelles Beatriz , Serralta María J. , Puga Carmen , Inda María‐del‐Mar , Cutillas Esperanza , Morales Domingo , Horga José F. , Peiró Ana M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractScreening for opioid use disorder should be considered in chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) patients with long‐term use of opioids. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of an individualized treatment plan (ITP) for prescription opioid dependence that included screening of pharmacogenetic markers. An observational prospective study was performed using prescription opioid‐dependent CNCP outpatients (n = 88). Patients were divided into nonresponders, responders, or high responders according to their response to the ITP. Genotyping of OPRM1 (A118G), OPRD1 (T921C), COMT (G472A), ABCB1 (C3435T), and ARRB2 (C8622T) was performed by real‐time PCR. Our ITP achieved a significant reduction of the morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) in 64% of responders, including 33% of high responders. Nonopioid medication or buprenorphine use was significantly higher at final versus basal visit. 118‐AA OPRM1 patients required significantly lower MEDD at basal and final visits. Our ITP showed effectiveness and security in reducing MEDD in opioid‐dependent patients, with good conversion to buprenorphine that was more pronounced in 118‐AA OPRM1 patients.
Overexpression of OsTF1L, a rice HD‐Zip transcription factor, promotes lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure that improves drought tolerance
Authors: Bang Seung Woon , Lee Dong‐Keun , Jung Harin , Chung Pil Joong , Kim Youn Shic , Choi Yang Do , Suh Joo‐Won , Kim Ju‐Kon 
Published: May 2018

SummaryDrought stress seriously impacts on plant development and productivity. Improvement of drought tolerance without yield penalty is a great challenge in crop biotechnology. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) homeodomain‐leucine zipper transcription factor gene, OsTF1L (Oryza sativa transcription factor 1‐like), is a key regulator of drought tolerance mechanisms. Overexpression of the OsTF1L in rice significantly increased drought tolerance at the vegetative stages of growth and promoted both effective photosynthesis and a reduction in the water loss rate under drought conditions. Importantly, the OsTF1L overexpressing plants showed a higher drought tolerance at the reproductive stage of growth with a higher grain yield than nontransgenic controls under field‐drought conditions. Genomewide analysis of OsTF1L overexpression plants revealed up‐regulation of drought‐inducible, stomatal movement and lignin biosynthetic genes. Overexpression of OsTF1L promoted accumulation of lignin in shoots, whereas the RNAi lines showed opposite patterns of lignin accumulation. OsTF1L is mainly expressed in outer cell layers including the epidermis, and the vasculature of the shoots, which coincides with areas of lignification. In addition, OsTF1L overexpression enhances stomatal closure under drought conditions resulted in drought tolerance. More importantly, OsTF1L directly bound to the promoters of lignin biosynthesis and drought‐related genes involving poxN/PRX38, Nodulin protein, DHHC4, CASPL5B1 and AAA‐type ATPase. Collectively, our results provide a new insight into the role of OsTF1L in enhancing drought tolerance through lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure in rice.
Melanocyte development in the mouse tail epidermis requires the Adamts9 metalloproteinase
Authors: Tharmarajah Grace , Eckhard Ulrich , Jain Fagun , Marino Giada , Prudova Anna , Urtatiz Oscar , Fuchs Helmut , de Angelis Martin H. , Overall Christopher M. , Van Raamsdonk Catherine D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe mouse tail has an important role in the study of melanogenesis, because mouse tail skin can be used to model human skin pigmentation. To better understand the development of melanocytes in the mouse tail, we cloned two dominant ENU‐generated mutations of the Adamts9 gene, Und3 and Und4, which cause an unpigmented ring of epidermis in the middle of the tail, but do not alter pigmentation in the rest of the mouse. Adamts9 encodes a widely expressed zinc metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats with few known substrates. Melanocytes are lost in the Adamts9 mutant tail epidermis at a relatively late stage of development, around E18.5. Studies of our Adamts9 conditional allele suggest that there is a melanocyte cell‐autonomous requirement for Adamts9. In addition, we used a proteomics approach, TAILS N‐terminomics, to identify new Adamts9 candidate substrates in the extracellular matrix of the skin. The tail phenotype of Adamts9 mutants is strikingly similar to the unpigmented trunk belt in Adamts20 mutants, which suggests a particular requirement for Adamts family activity at certain positions along the anterior–posterior axis.
Mineral nutrition and bone health in salmonids
Authors: Baeverfjord Grete , Antony Jesu Prabhu P. , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Albrektsen Sissel , Hatlen Bjarne , Denstadli Vegard , Ytteborg Elisabeth , Takle Harald , Lock Erik‐Jan , Berntssen Marc H.G. , Lundebye Anne‐Katrine , Åsgård Torbjørn , Waagbø Rune 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the recent years, challenges faced in salmonid farming with regard to deformities have helped to improve our knowledge on skeletal biology and development of bone health in salmonids. Different nutritional, genetic and environmental factors are associated with skeletal deformities in salmonids and other fish species. Minerals are a group of essential nutrients having a vital role to play in skeletal development, growth and remodelling. The knowledge generated thus far on the structural and functional importance of minerals in salmonid bone health is largely restricted to phosphorus. A brief account of dietary phosphorus‐related bone deformities encountered in salmonids, critical life stages for the development of bone deformities, recent developments in the understanding of their aetiology and dietary phosphorus levels required to improve bone health are presented. The effect of increased dietary level of phosphorus in reducing bone health disorders under conditions of improved feed conversion efficiency and use of triploids in salmon farming are illustrated with help of metadata analysis from literature. With regard to the role of other essential minerals (macro‐ and micro‐) impacting bone health in salmonids, data available are extremely limited and hence information on other fish species and mammals is summarized in relation to bone development and incidence of deformities. The need to improve mineral bioavailability, utilization and reduce effluent mineral load is presented in brief with example from Norwegian salmon farming. Refinements in mineral requirement recommendations for salmonids and advanced methodologies for studying aetiology of skeletal anomalies, bone mineral status, skeletal development and deformities are also discussed.
How Safe Is Safe Enough for Self‐Driving Vehicles?
Authors: Liu Peng , Yang Run , Xu Zhigang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSelf‐driving vehicles (SDVs) promise to considerably reduce traffic crashes. One pressing concern facing the public, automakers, and governments is “How safe is safe enough for SDVs?” To answer this question, a new expressed‐preference approach was proposed for the first time to determine the socially acceptable risk of SDVs. In our between‐subject survey (N = 499), we determined the respondents’ risk‐acceptance rate of scenarios with varying traffic‐risk frequencies to examine the logarithmic relationships between the traffic‐risk frequency and risk‐acceptance rate. Logarithmic regression models of SDVs were compared to those of human‐driven vehicles (HDVs); the results showed that SDVs were required to be safer than HDVs. Given the same traffic‐risk‐acceptance rates for SDVs and HDVs, their associated acceptable risk frequencies of SDVs and HDVs were predicted and compared. Two risk‐acceptance criteria emerged: the tolerable risk criterion, which indicates that SDVs should be four to five times as safe as HDVs, and the broadly acceptable risk criterion, which suggests that half of the respondents hoped that the traffic risk of SDVs would be two orders of magnitude lower than the current estimated traffic risk. The approach and these results could provide insights for government regulatory authorities for establishing clear safety requirements for SDVs.
Psychosocial status and cognitive achievement in Peru
Authors: Outes Ingo , Sánchez Alan , Molina Oswaldo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper assesses the importance of psychosocial status in the accumulation of cognitive skills during the transition from mid to late childhood. We use longitudinal data from a cohort of 700 Peruvian children drawn from a very rich dataset, the Young Lives Survey, to test the impact of children's perception of respect at the age of 8 on cognitive achievement 4 years later, controlling for cognitive skills at the age of 8, lagged child and household characteristics, and community fixed effects. This empirical specification is akin to estimating a conditional demand function for cognitive skills, which deals with some of the main pitfalls of skill endogeneity. We find that poorly respected children are linked to a lower rate of cognitive accumulation than their better‐respected counterparts. As expected, we also find that previously accumulated cognitive skills enable higher subsequent cognitive skill accumulation. We go one step further by testing and finding evidence of complementarities across skills. We show that cognitive differences amplify over time between children with low and high psychosocial skills. Overall, our results suggest that psychosocial status, an aspect little studied in the context of developing countries, plays an important role in the acquisition of cognitive skills during childhood.
Apriority, Necessity and the Subordinate Role of Empirical Warrant in Mathematical Knowledge
Authors: McEvoy Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, I present a novel account of a priori warrant, which I then use to examine the relationship between a priori and a posteriori warrant in mathematics. According to this account of a priori warrant, the reason that a posteriori warrant is subordinate to a priori warrant in mathematics is because processes that produce a priori warrant are reliable independent of the contexts in which they are used, whereas this is not true for processes that produce a posteriori warrant. Following this, I show how this difference explains why a priori warranting processes, such as proof (and mathematical intuition) can, and a posteriori warranting processes cannot, definitively establish mathematical results. I then show why, in the event of a conflict between a priori and a posteriori warranting processes, the former undermine, and cannot be undermined by, the latter. Finally, I explain the connection between apriority and mathematical necessity, but do so in a way that allows for the existence of contingent a priori knowledge.
Transforming growth factor‐β signalling in renal fibrosis: from Smads to non‐coding RNAs
Authors: Tang Patrick Ming‐Kuen , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Mak Thomas Shiu‐Kwong , Tang Philip Chiu‐Tsun , Huang Xiao‐Ru , Lan Hui‐Yao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is the key player in tissue fibrosis. However, antifibrotic therapy targeting this multifunctional protein may interfere with other physiological processes to cause side effects. Thus, precise therapeutic targets need to be identified by further understanding the underlying mechanisms of TGF‐β1 signalling during fibrogenesis. Equilibrium of Smad signalling is crucial for TGF‐β‐mediated renal fibrosis, where Smad3 is pathogenic but Smad2 and Smad7 are protective. The activation of TGF‐β1/Smad signalling triggers extracellular matrix deposition, and local myofibroblast generation and activation. Mechanistic studies have shown that TGF‐β/Smad3 transits the microRNA profile from antifibrotic to profibrotic and therefore promotes renal fibrosis via regulating non‐coding RNAs at transcriptional levels. More importantly, disease‐specific Smad3‐dependent long non‐coding RNAs have been recently uncovered from mouse kidney disease models and may represent novel precision therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease. In this review, mechanisms of TGF‐β‐driven renal fibrosis via non‐coding RNAs and their translational capacities will be discussed in detail.
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