bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Subclinical Venous Thromboembolism after Pulmonary Resection for Lung Cancer
Authors: Barien Mohamed M , El-Nori Ahmed A , Mostafa Ahmed M , El-Sayed Hany H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Deep venous thrombosis DVT, in post-surgical patients, is more common in lung cancer patients undergoing resection. The combination of malignancy, surgical trauma, chemotherapy, and smoking are all synergistic factors raising the risk. Most of the patients developing post-operative DVT are subclinical and asymptomatic. Subclinical DVT means presence of thrombus in deep veins of lower limb without any signs and symptoms. DVT can be prevented more successfully in its subclinical phase than that in its clinical phase.

Aim
The present study was undertaken to estimate the occurrence and associated risk factors of subclinical deep vein thrombosis at our institute after lung resection for lung cancer patients in the elective and urgent setting.

Methods
This is a prospective study of 150 patients who underwent different types of lung resection for lung cancer. Patients younger than 18 years old, symptoms of lower limb DVT and pregnant patients were excluded. Caprini risk score was assessed in all patients. All patients received prophylactic stockings and anticoagulant. On the 5th postoperative day, a duplex venous ultrasound of bilateral lower limbs was performed in every asymptomatic patient to look for presence of thrombus in the deep veins.

Results
Out of 150 patients enrolled in the study, we completed the study on 147 patients. According to the results of Doppler US, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 143) post-lung resection and no DVT. Group 2 (n = 4) with post-lung resection subclinical DVT. 4 patients (2.721%) developed subclinical deep vein thrombosis. No patient developed postoperative clinical DVT. Incidence was maximum in the group with longer ICU stay (P-value = 0.04.). Among the various pathologies, incidence was more in patients who received preoperative chemotherapy (P-value = 0.001). One patient (25%) died in the group who developed subclinical DVT while no mortality was observed in the No DVT group.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that incidence of subclinical deep vein thrombosis is low in the post operative period among the patients undergoing lung resection for lung cancer. However, patients of old age, those with preoperative chemotherapy and those with longer periods of immobilization are at a higher risk to develop postoperative DVT despite anticoagulant prophylaxis. It might be justified to screen these high-risk groups to detect subclinical DVT to allow for post discharge prophylaxis.
Comparing the Outcome of Using High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy versus Non-Invasive Ventilation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Mahmoud Farrag Mohamed Ali , Abdel Kader Maryam Ali , Sultan Dina Ruby , El Mashad Alaa Gamal Youssef 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is frequently employed as a treatment option for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) resulting from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Limited research has substantiated the claims made in recent studies regarding the feasibility of employing high flow nasal cannula (HFNC).

Aim
Our study assessed the outcome of using HFNC versus NIV for COPD patients with AHRF.

Patients and Methods
Eighty COPD patients with AHRF were confined to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) at Ain Shams university hospitals from December 2021 to 2023 and subdivided into 2 groups (40/group), where the first group was placed on NIV, while the second group was placed on HFNC. Data during their hospital stay as demographic data, vital data, arterial blood gases, device duration, treatment failure and mortality were recorded.

Results
The majority were males with mean age 63.75 ± 9.05 years along with treatment failure and complications 25%,27.5% in NIV versus 45%,10% in HFNC respectively, with longer hospital stay in NIV (10-15 days) to (7-10 days) in HFNC with no difference in mortality rate in both groups.

Conclusion
NIV and HFNC were both modalities for treating COPD with AHRF with no confirmed superiority of any of them; as treatment failure was apparently lower in NIV than HFNC along with apparently faster improvement in ventilatory and respiratory status but significantly NIV group was superior in length of hospitalization and incidence of complications than HFNC with no difference in mortality in both groups.
Assessment of Navigation Bronchoscopy with ROSE Technique in Detection of Peripheral Lung Lesions
Authors: Ibrahim EL Assal Gehan Mohamed , Taha Madkour Ashraf Mokhtar , Said Mohamed El Maraghy Ashraf Abbas , Eldin Mohamed Haytham Salah , Mahdy Manal Mohamed El , Abdelhakim Mayada Amr Helmy , Diab Haytham Samy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) are often found incidentally on chest radiographs or computed tomography (CT) scans and are quite common. Management of the SPNs generally depends on the clinical suspicion of cancer. While most small nodules can be followed by imaging alone, those ranging in size between 10 mm and 30 mm in diameter are often considered too large for watchful waiting.

Aim of the Work
To assess the role of navigation bronchoscopy in detecting peripheral lung lesions with ROSE technique at the Bronchoscopy Unit in Ain Shams University Hospitals.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted at bronchoscopy unit in Ain Shams university Hospital, it was included 35 patients underwent navigation bronchoscopy with ROSE technique, provided that there is no contraindication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy.

Results
The diagnositic yield of navigation bronchoscopy was positive in 78.3% of cases, with 60% of cases’ lesions was malignant. And these results were matching with universal studies. Complications occurred in 8.7% of cases only and were mild controllable bleeding, no pneumothorax was detected. There was a highly significant difference between negative and positive pathologically diagnosed cases groups as regard Bronchus sign, as about 94 % of positive Bronchus sign cases were positive by final pathology compared to only 20% of negative sign cases.

Conclusion
ROSE was conclusive in most cases and was matching with the final diagnosis. It was complementary and had additive value to the procedure as it gave us a hint about the preliminary diagnosis and had decreased the time for procedure.
Conservative versus Liberal Oxygenation in Chest Diseases
Authors: Mohamed Aya M , Diab Haytham S , Hendawy Mahmoud M , Hussein Ahmed M , Mahmoud Nihad M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Conservative oxygen therapy is a good alternative to liberal oxygen therapy, as it overcomes libral oxygen therapy induced hyperoxia and reduces its harmful and undesirable effects such as lung injury and, lung collapse, acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective
To systematically review the efficacy and safety of conservative versus liberal oxygen therapy, and to measure the caliber of trachea and main bronchi at the start and end of treatment by oxygen therapy to show if it has an effect on anteroposterior and transverse dimensions of trachea and main bronchi.

Patients and Methods
A prospective study was conducted on 72 subject were divided into 2 groups. 36 patients received liberal oxygen (group A), 36 patients received conservative oxygen (group B).

Results
In comparing the 2 groups, there was no statically significant difference between the two groups concerning hospital acquired infection but hospital acquired pneumonia was high in group A (p value &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, length of hospital stay was statically significant higher in group A (p value &lt; 0.001). Although arrhythmia was statically significant higher in group B (p value &lt; 0.05). On other hand there was no statically difference between two groups as regarded vasopressor dose, new organ dysfunction, mechanical ventilation free days, attempts to lower use of mandatory MV mode which might indicate earlier attempts to wean patients, ARDS as a new complication, ICU mortality, hospital mortality and 30day mortality (p value &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Both libral and conservative oxygen therapy have advantages and disadvantages, and we did not find a clear difference between both choices. Each of the two options is left to the physician, who decides to choose one of the two options according to his exeperience and the patient's condition.
Prevalence of Fungal Pneumonia among Respiratory Illness Patients
Authors: El Sharkawy Samar Hassan , Abd El Kader Maryam Aly , Atiatullah Hoda , Mohamed Zaki Sherif , Mohamed Nasr El Din Mahmoud Reham 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Fungal pneumonia is an infectious process in the lungs caused by one or more endemic or opportunistic fungi. Fungal infection occurs following the inhalation of spores, inhalation of conidia, or by the reactivation of a latent infection. Hematogenous dissemination frequently occurs, especially in an immunocompromised host. Endemic fungal pathogens (e.g. Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, Cryptococcus neoformans) cause infection in healthy hosts and in immunocompromised persons. Opportunistic fungal organisms (e.g. Candida species, Aspergillus species, Mucor species) tend to cause pneumonia in patients with congenital or acquired defects in host immune defenses.

Aim of the Work
To assess the prevalence of fungal Infection in a group of Chest Patients and to identify their pattern.

Patients and Methods
After ethical committee approval and informed consent from the patients, this prospective cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 110 patients with history of preexisting lung disease and immunosuppression from corticosteroids who were admitted in Ain Shams University from March 2021 till February 2022.

Results
As evident from the current study, the prevalence of pulmonary fungal infection was 36.4% in patients with respiratory diseases and the most common significant independent risk factors and comorbid disease were Diabetes mellitus and Quinolones for getting fungal infection.

Conclusion
Pulmonary fungal infection important problem in patients with respiratory diseases especially in patients who are admitted to the respiratory ICU regardless of their age, sex, fungal species, Covid-19 vaccination, antibiotics used, laboratory or CT findings.
Comparative Study between the Vitek2 and the API 20 Strept Regarding the Identification of Medically Relevant Streptococci
Authors: Hafez Hala Mahmoud , Anwar Maha Ahmad , Abd El Atty Merna Hassan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Streptococci are gram-positive bacteria that are incriminated in many healthcare and community-acquired infections worldwide. Accurate identification of the organism to the species level is important to determine the pathogenic potential of individual species and monitor trends in antimicrobial susceptibility and emerging infections.

Aim and Objectives
In the present work we aimed to compare between the Vitek2 GP ID cards and the API® rapid ID20 Strept regarding the identification of medically relevant Streptococci.

Methods
This was a Cross-sectional descriptive study that was carried out at the Central Microbiology Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period between August 2021 and February 2022. A Total 50 Medically relevant isolates of Streptococci recovered from different clinical samples were subjected to species identification using The API® rapid ID20 Strept and the VITEK® 2 system using the GP ID card.

Results
A statistically excellent agreement (%) = 45/50 = 90%; Disagreement (%) = 5/50= 10% was observed between VITEK® 2 system and the API® rapid ID20 Strept method regarding the identification results of the Streptococci spp. with (k = 0.90 and p-value &lt;0.001).

Conclusion
VITEK® 2 as an automated system provides very good and trustable accuracy and has dominate advantages in identification time as compared to manual API microsystems in clinical lab.
BRCA1/BRCA2 Germline Gene Mutations in Breast Cancer Egyptian Female Patients
Authors: Elsayed Sally , Talkhan Hala Ahmed , Mamdouh Rasha , Sabry Elkady Mohamed , Elkabarity Rania Hamdy , Wahba Nancy Samir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related deaths among women worldwide. Deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes underlie a major proportion of the inherited predisposition to BC and may lead to more aggressive disease. However, in many developing countries, including Egypt, knowledge of the prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations among women with BC is sparse. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the contribution of germline mutations in BRCA1/2 to BC among Egyptian female patients. A case control study was conducted and included 30 Egyptian adult females diagnosed with BC, and 20 age matched Egyptian healthy females as control group. Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection and allelic discrimination of BRCA1 mutations (185delAG, 4153delA, 5382insC, 3819delGTAAA, 3875delGTCT, 300T&gt;G, 2080delA) and BRCA2 mutation (6174delT) in all included subjects. None of the studied mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were detected in BC patients or in the healthy control group included in the study.
Key words: Breast cancer, BRCA1, BRCA2, gene mutation, prevalence.
Assessment of Efficacy of Daylight Photodynamic Therapy in Treatment of Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: El-Rahim Abdallah Marwa Abd , Soltan Marwa Yassin , Shoukry Engy Albert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hyperhidorsis is a condition in which sweat production exceeds that is needed for thermoregulation, and can affect the hands, feet, axilla, face, back, groin, and legs. It is a disabling condition that affect, both children and adults, with in a rate of 1-3% and onset usually during childhood or adolescence. Although not a dangerous condition, hyperhidrosis can cause social and occupational impairment and emotional distress and facilitate the development of secondary morbidity.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using daylight for treatment primary palmar hyperhidrosis.

Patients and Methods
We studied the effect of PDT on 20 patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis. The night before every session the patient used a cream containing (10 % urea, 5% salicylic acid) under occlusion as an emollient and to facilitate the photosensitizer skin delivery in the next morning. Application of methylene blue 2% for the right palm as a photosensitizer and hematoxylin stain as a placebo for the other palm for one hour under occlusion as an incubation period. After one hour of incubation, exposure to daylight for one hour from 11 am to 12 pm. The patients were advised to continue using the moisturizing cream containing (urea 10%, salicylic acid 5%) daily in between sessions but on the night before the session, the patient was asked to keep it under occlusion the whole night. The treatment sessions were done twice weekly for a maximum of 8 sessions. A starch-iodine test was done before each session.

Results
We found that we could reach good response for treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis with reduction of the hyperhidrosis scores after eight sessions of treatment with PDT using MB as the photosensitizer and the daylight as the light source while hematoxylin use, as a placebo, showed almost no effect. The effect was maintained at least for two months after the last treatment session. The side effects were mostly limited to transient palm staining by the photosensitizer.

Conclusion
Daylight photodynamic therapy is an effective, safe method for managing primary palmar hyperhidrosis.
Assessment of Topical PUVA in Acral Vitiligo
Authors: Rahim Abd Allah Marwa Abdul , Elfattah Afify Ahmed Abd , ElSayed ElSawy Hana Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Acral vitiligo is a resistant subtype of vitiligo that does not respond easily to any treatment modalities. Topical psoralen plus ultraviolet A (topical PUVA) therapy is an option in case of localized dermatosis such as acral vitiligo. Ultraviolet A therapy can penetrate the dermis of the skin. This study objective was to evaluate the effect of topical PUVA in acral vitiligo.

Methods
Patients in this prospective randomized-controlled comparative clinical trial were divided in to two groups, first group received narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and topical PUVA at the same time, second group were already on NB-UVB and topical PUVA were added. Patients received 36 sessions of phototherapy over a period of 16 weeks. Every patient was evaluated monthly using point counting.

Results
No statistically significant difference was found between both groups regarding response.

Conclusion
Topical PUVA is of limited use in acral vitiligo.
Efficacy of Oral Ivermectin in Treatment of Rosacea
Authors: El Din Abdel Hamid Kariman Salah , Sharara Manal , Emam Adel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis involving certain facial areas such as chin, nose, forehead, and cheeks. Several therapies were reported in the treatment of rosacea but with variable results.

Aim of the Study
To evaluate the efficacy, safety, adverse effects, relapse rate and patient’s satisfaction of single 250μg/kg dose of oral ivermectin in the treatment of rosacea.

Patients and Methods
This clinical trial included 45 rosacea patients who were treated with single 250μg/kg dose of oral ivermectin, then patients were followed-up every 4 weeks for 3 months. Assessment of treatment response was performed using 2 digital photographs before receiving ivermectin and 3 months later. Two Standardized skin surface biopsies (SSSB1&2) were done before receiving ivermectin and 3 months later.

Results
Ivermectin treatment revealed significant effect in included patients as 15 patients showed clear effect of rosacea after treatment. This was consistent with Demodex mites count that showed significant decrease after treatment compared to before treatment. There was a significant relation between patients’ satisfaction and demodex mite count after treatment

Conclusion
Oral ivermectin showed significant clearing of rosacea in included patients which was reflected on patients’ satisfaction. This effect can be attributed to significant reduction in demodex mite count in treated patients.
Correlation of Nail Capillary Morphology with Metabolic Syndrome and Disease Severity in Psoriatic Patients
Authors: Khafagy Naziha Hafez , EL-Khateeb Ekramy Ahmed , Aidaros Mohamed Aly 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive technique which allows direct, in vivo imaging of skin microcirculation to detect microvascular abnormalities. An important association of psoriasis is metabolic syndrome, with a prevalence of 40% in psoriatic patients. Metabolic syndrome is a multiplex risk factor that arises from insulin resistance accompanying abnormal adipose deposition and function. Patients with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis.

Aim of the Work
Describe the morphology, frequency and extent of nailfold capillary changes in psoriatic patients and identify patients’ characteristics possibly associated with such changes. Study if nail capillaroscopy can detect early endothelial dysfunction, occurring in psoriasis patients with metabolic syndrome, at the level of the dermal capillary microvasculature.

Settings and Design
cross-sectional study

Materials and Methods
Sixty five psoriasis patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Naill capillaroscopy was done and compared between both groups.

Results
Psoriatic patients with metabolic syndrome showed significant differences in nail capillarascopy findings compared to those without metabolic syndrome, reflecting the greater endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusion
nail capillaroscopy can be a very important tool in detecting early endothelial dysfunction in psoriatic patients manifested by edema and tortuous capillaries. Moreover, it can reflect the degree of vascular compromise allowing proper identification of patients at high risk for cardiovascular events, which warrants aggressive early treatment
Epidemiological and Trichoscopic Study of Patchy Scalp Alopecia in Children in Delta Egypt
Authors: El-Samahy May , Fathy Ghada , Elmoazen Mona Abd Elsaid Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Alopecia represents a distressing problem among children and has a severe psychological impact on the affected patients and their parents.

Objective
To investigate the clinical presentations of patchy hair loss and analysis of their prevalence and trichoscope features in children in delta Egypt.

Methods
The study was done on 374 patients aged from 0-18 years (231 males, 143 females) with patchy hair loss who were subjected to detailed history taking, dermatological examination as regard the patch of alopecia, scalp skin, nails, teeth, in addition to trichoscopic examination. The obtained demographic and clinical data of the included patients were tabulated and statistically analyzed.

Results
Mean age 7.77 years, 231 (61.8%) male patients and 143 (38.2%) female patients. Hair loss in children in this study is largely non-cicatricial causes; specifically alopecia areata, followed by infectious causes; specifically scaly tinea capitits (141 patients). The total number of patients having non-infectious alopecia was 206 patients. Alopecia areata was present in 147 patients (39.3%), toxic alopecia (post folliculitis) (12.6%), trichotillomania (2.1%), and congenital alopecia. Male preponderance in cicatricial alopecia, toxic alopecia (post folliculitis) and infectious disease groups versus female preponderance in non-cicatricial alopecia, alopecia areata, trichotillomania, patchy traction alopecia. The age groups with the largest numbers of children were those school age children aged five to ten years representing (50.5%). Alopecia presented from rural areas represents (72.5%). Trichoscope examination have confirmed the dermatologic clinical diagnosis of patchy alopecia in 368 patients.

Conclusion
The largest number of children presenting with patchy alopecia in Delta Egypt were those of school age children aged five to ten years, living in rural areas. Hair loss in children is largely due to alopecia areata followed by tinea capitits. Detection of specific trichoscopic features of each disease is mandatory for the accurate diagnosis and proper differentiation of -sometimes- confusing cases of hair and scalp disorders.