bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ran1 is essential for parental macronuclear import of apoptosis‐inducing factor and programmed nuclear death in Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Liang Haixia , Xu Jing , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2019

During programmed nuclear death (PND), apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) translocates from mitochondria to the parental macronucleus (MAC) in Tetrahymena thermophila. In the degenerating parental MAC, AIF induces chromatin condensation and large‐scale DNA fragmentation in a caspase‐independent manner. However, the regulation of AIF nuclear translocation and molecular mechanism of PND are less clear. In this study, we demonstrated that the asymmetric distribution of nuclear GDP‐bound Ran1‐mimetic mutant Ran1T25N and cytoplasmic GTP‐bound Ran1‐mimetic mutant Ran1Q70L exists across the parental macronuclear‐cytoplasmic barrier during PND. Knockdown of RAN1 led to defects in PND progression and failure of parental macronuclear accumulation of AIF. Moreover, AIF parental macronuclear import occurred in Ran1T25N mutants, while it was inhibited in Ran1Q70L mutants. Importantly, artificial accumulation of AIF in the parental MAC rescued PND progression defects in RAN1 knockdown mutants. These data suggest that Ran1 is essential for parental macronuclear import of AIF and PND in T. thermophila.
Kinetic and mechanistic studies of p38α MAP kinase phosphorylation by MKK6
Authors: Wang Yu‐Lu , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Lu Chang , Zhang Wenhao , Deng Haiteng , Wu Jia‐Wei , Wang Jue , Wang Zhi‐Xin 
Published: January 2019

Bistability (coexistence of two stable steady states in a dynamical system) is a key mechanism of cellular decision‐making and has been observed in many biochemical reaction networks such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Theoretical studies have shown that bistability can arise in a single two‐site MAPK phosphorylation and dephosphorylation cycle. However, the bistable behavior mostly relies on the kinetic mechanisms and parameters of this two‐site modification. In exploring the system‐level properties of MAPK regulation, most models to date focus on two limiting reaction regimes, distributive and processive, and are characterized by high levels of parametric uncertainty. Here, we developed a combined kinetic method which applies a continuous spectrophotometric enzyme‐coupled assay incorporated with the viscosity approach, to perform detailed kinetic analyses of p38α MAPK dual phosphorylation by MKK6. Almost all kinetic rate constants for the first and second phosphorylation steps in p38α activation have been quantitatively determined, supporting that the phosphorylation occurs randomly in the first step, albeit preferring the tyrosine residue. The release rates of monophosphorylated p38α from MKK6, either as the product in the first modification or as the substrate in the second step, were comparable to the respective adjacent phosphoryl transfer steps. These results indicated that dual phosphorylation of p38α by MKK6 involves a random, partially processive mechanism. Based on the experimentally determined models and parameters, dynamics of the p38α‐MKK6‐MKP5 system were explored, demonstrating for the first time that bistability can arise with this model at biologically feasible parameter values.Enzymesp38α (EC 2.7.11.24); MKK6 (EC 2.7.12.2).
Persistently rare species experience stronger negative frequency dependence than common species: A statistical attractor that is hard to avoid
Authors: Rovere Jacob , Fox Jeremy W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimWhy are so many species rare, yet persistent? Possibly, rare species experience strong negative frequency dependence (NFD, i.e. strong intraspecific competition relative to interspecific competition), which both makes them rare and buffers them against extinction. A second, not mutually exclusive, possibility is that rare species that experience weak NFD go extinct quickly due to demographic and environmental stochasticity. Both possibilities predict that persistent rare species will experience stronger NFD than common ones. A previous study confirmed this prediction in a range of mostly terrestrial communities. Here, we test that prediction in lake zooplankton and explore its theoretical basis.LocationFifty‐three temperate lakes.Time period1970–2011.Major taxa studiedCladocerans, copepods.MethodsWe used long‐term time series data to estimate the covariance between strength of NFD and mean frequency (relative abundance) for crustacean zooplankton. We used a randomization test to ask whether the covariance between NFD and mean frequency is stronger than expected, given sampling error. We also calculated the covariance between NFD and mean frequency in simulated communities from three different ecological models.ResultsRare species experience significantly stronger NFD than common species in over half of the communities. The distribution of associations between NFD and rarity is skewed towards weak associations, which always occur in communities with high evenness. All three theoretical models reproduce these empirical results, even though they are based on different mechanisms (demographic or environmental stochasticity, and mathematical constraints on possible NFD–frequency relationships).Main conclusionsRare species typically experience stronger NFD than common ones because there are many different ecological scenarios in which they will do so, and only a few scenarios in which they won’t. Like several other macroecological patterns, the tendency for rare species to experience stronger NFD than common ones is a “statistical attractor” that is hard to avoid.
MK‐1 Apatite: A New Potential Reference Material for (U‐Th)/He Dating
Authors: Wu Lin , Shi Guanghai , Danišík Martin , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Yinzhi , Wang Fei 
Published: January 2019

The (U‐Th)/He dating technique has been widely used for several decades to constrain the timing of low temperature geological processes. Recent research has shown that the commonly used reference material (the Durango apatite) often yields dispersed fragment dates that are beyond analytical uncertainties. Here, we report a new apatite (U‐Th)/He dating reference material, MK‐1, which was collected from the Mogok metamorphic belt in Burma. Electron probe microanalysis and backscattered electron images of two randomly selected fragments indicate that this apatite is chemically and structurally homogeneous. We performed single‐grain (U‐Th)/He dating on thirty randomly selected fragments of this material. (U‐Th)/He dating results from multiple laboratories show that fragments of the MK‐1 apatite megacryst yielded reproducible results, with a mean date of 18.0 ± 0.2 Ma. The Th/U ratio of this apatite is homogeneous. Nine randomly selected fragments registered a narrow range of effective uranium (eU) mass fractions (326–354 μg g−1), with a mean value of 336.6 ± 10.3 μg g−1. Twenty‐four in situ (U‐Th)/He dates yielded a mean value of 18.0 ± 0.2 Ma (MSWD = 0.41), indistinguishable from the results obtained by the conventional method. All the results suggest that this apatite has the potential to become a new reference material for (U‐Th)/He geochronology.
Hindfoot malalignment in adults with haemophilic ankle arthropathy: The importance of early detection and orthotic treatment
Authors: De la Corte‐Rodriguez Hortensia , Rodriguez‐Merchan Emerito Carlos , Alvarez‐Roman Maria Teresa , Martin‐Salces Monica , Jimenez‐Yuste Victor 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionHaemophilic arthropathy (osteoarthritis secondary to haemophilia) of the ankle may result in painful hindfoot malalignment.PurposeTo analyse hindfoot alignment in subjects with haemophilic arthropathy of the ankle and evaluate the response (improvement of pain, function and alignment) to the orthotic treatment prescribed in patients with malalignment.MethodsThe study included 163 patients with haemophilia, all of them over 16 years of age. Hindfoot alignment and footprint were analysed in patients with and without haemophilic arthropathy of the ankle (as determined by the Pettersson score). Response to the use of an orthosis was evaluated at 6 months by means of the AOFAS Ankle‐Hindfoot Scale.ResultsFifty‐six (59.5%) patients with haemophilic arthropathy presented with concomitant hindfoot malalignment. The most common abnormality was a valgus alignment combined with a neutral footprint. In 14 cases, valgus was associated with a pes planus or a pes cavus. Only 5 patients without haemophilic arthropathy (7.2%) presented with some form of malalignment. The differences between the groups were statistically significant. The probability of having malalignment increased with the degree of arthropathy. Patients with haemophilic arthropathy and malalignment were treated with an orthosis, with insoles as the most commonly used alternative (86%). Such treatment significantly improved patients’ pain and function‐related scores on the AOFAS Ankle‐Hindfoot Scale.ConclusionGiven the high rates of valgus malalignment in subjects with haemophilic arthropathy of the ankle, and the good response rates obtained following individualised orthotic treatment, it seems reasonable to routinely evaluate hindfoot alignment in this group of patients.
Novel insights into views towards H1N1 during the 2009 Pandemic: a thematic analysis of Twitter data
Authors: Ahmed Wasim , Bath Peter A. , Sbaffi Laura , Demartini Gianluca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfectious disease outbreaks have the potential to cause a high number of fatalities and are a very serious public health risk.ObjectivesOur aim was to utilise an indepth method to study a period of time where the H1N1 Pandemic of 2009 was at its peak.MethodsA data set ofn = 214 784 tweets was retrieved and filtered, and the method of thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsEight key themes emerged from the analysis of data: emotion and feeling, health related information, general commentary and resources, media and health organisations, politics, country of origin, food, and humour and/or sarcasm.DiscussionA major novel finding was that due to the name ‘swine flu’, Twitter users had the belief that pigs and pork could host and/or transmit the virus. Our paper also considered the methodological implications for the wider field of library and information science as well as specific implications for health information and library workers.ConclusionsNovel insights were derived on how users communicate about disease outbreaks on social media platforms. Our study also provides an innovative methodological contribution because it was found that by utilising an indepth method it was possible to extract greater insight into user communication.
XP‐endo Finisher R instrument optimizes the removal of root filling remnants in oval‐shaped canals
Authors: De‐Deus G. , Belladonna F. G. , Zuolo A. S. , Cavalcante D. M. , Carvalhal J. C. A. , Simões‐Carvalho M. , Souza E. M. , Lopes R. T. , Silva E. J. N. L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the performance of XP‐endo Finisher R instruments when removing root filling remnants from oval‐shaped canals using microcomputed tomographic (micro‐CT) imaging as the analytical tool. Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used as a reference technique for comparison.MethodologyTwenty mandibular incisors with oval‐shaped canals were matched based on similar anatomic features of the canal (volume, aspect ratio and 3D configuration) after scanning procedures. The canals were prepared with Reciproc R25 instruments, filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer using the single‐cone technique and retreated up to a Reciproc R40 instrument. After retreatment procedures, the specimens were rescanned, and the homogeneity between the specimens, the oval‐shaped anatomy and the remaining filling material were confirmed. The pair‐matched samples were assigned to two experimental groups (n = 10), according to the supplementary approach used: XP‐endo Finisher R or PUI. Each sample was scanned after each endodontic procedure. The volume of remaining root filling material was quantified before and after the use of each supplementary approach. This analysis was performed considering the total canal (Student t‐test) and also by thirds (anova procedure followed by a Bonferroni correction). Data were analysed statistically with a significance level of 5%.ResultsThe volume of root filling material at baseline was similar between the groups (t‐test, P = 0.787). XP‐endo Finisher R removed significantly more root filling material compared to PUI (t‐test, P = 0.015), as it removed a mean of ≅32% material compared to 12% for the PUI. There was no difference in the amount of root filling material removed in the root canal thirds after using both supplementary approaches (one‐way anova, P = 0.07 for XP‐endo Finisher R and P = 0.886 for PUI).ConclusionsBoth supplementary approaches significantly reduced the volume of remaining root filling material from oval‐shaped canals. The XP‐endo Finisher R instrument removed significantly more root filling material than PUI. None of the supplementary approaches was able to render oval‐shaped canals completely free from remaining root filling material.
Metabolites composition and variation in processing waste of water chestnut
Authors: Zhang Zhou , He Yaqiong , Wang Meng , Lu Ruili , Bao Guanhu , Luo Feifei , Hu Fenglin 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThere are fourteen compounds tentatively identified from fresh processing waste of different ripened water chestnut (WC) by using high performance liquid chromatography combined with diode array detector and high resolution mass spectrometer (HPLC‐DAD‐HRMS). The chromatographic profiles show that most of the chemical components of the peels are similar in various ripening stages but the contents increase significantly during ripening. The most abundant metabolite is chlorogenic acid which increased more than four times and reached 3.046 mg g−1 in the peel of fully ripened WC. The second biggest peak is at retention time 1.82 min. The peak in half ripened WC is a combined compound of sucrose and quinic acid which is probably an intermediate product of the cell walls of WC. It is mainly a trisaccharide in near ripened WC, and mainly a tetrasaccharide in fully ripened WC. Peel of fully ripened WC contains all the above compounds, stachyose, coumaroylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, feruloylmalic acid, 6,7,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxyaurone, 3,3′,4′,5,7,8‐hexahydroxyflavan, tectorigenin, luteolin, apigenin, rhamnocitrin and dihydrokaempferide. All the above metabolites except the last six flavonoids and chlorogenic acid are the first time reported from WC. Bud of WC contains the same metabolites as the peel. Puchiin contains much less metabolites and the content of chlorogenic acid is only 0.013 mg g−1. Most of the metabolites are bioactive compounds associated with the health function of WC. Because that peel and bud of the fully ripened WC not only possess 94.44% of the total processing waste but also contain all the bioactive compounds, they have great potential for metabolites utilisation.
Child and parent reports of children's depressive symptoms in relation to children's weight loss response in family‐based obesity treatment
Authors: Conlon Rachel P. Kolko , Hurst Kelly T. , Hayes Jacqueline F. , Balantekin Katherine N. , Stein Richard I. , Saelens Brian E. , Brown Mackenzie L. , Sheinbein Daniel H. , Welch R. Robinson , Perri Michael G. , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Epstein Leonard H. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundStudies of the association between children's depressive symptoms and obesity treatment response show mixed results. Different measurement may contribute to the inconsistent findings, as children's depressive symptoms are often based on parent‐report about their child rather than child self‐report.ObjectivesWe assessed both child‐ and parent‐report of child depressive symptoms as predictors of children's obesity treatment response.MethodsChildren with overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 85th percentile; N = 181) and their parents reported on children's depressive symptoms prior to family‐based behavioral weight loss treatment.ResultsChild percent overweight reduction from baseline to post‐treatment was not predicted by child self‐reported depressive symptoms or parent‐report of child symptoms (P > 0.80), but was significantly predicted by the interaction between child self‐report and parent‐report on child (β = 0.14, P = 0.05). In analyses using clinical cutoffs, amongst children with high self‐reported symptoms, those whose parents reported low child depressive symptoms had greater reduction in percent overweight (t = 2.67, P = 0.008), whereas amongst children with low self‐reported symptoms, parent ratings were not associated with treatment outcome.ConclusionsIncluding both child self‐report and parent‐report of child depressive symptoms may inform obesity care. Research is needed to examine differences amongst child and parent depressive symptom reports and strategies to address symptoms and optimize pediatric obesity treatment.
Biased‐randomized iterated local search for a multiperiod vehicle routing problem with price discounts for delivery flexibility
Authors: Estrada‐Moreno A. , Savelsbergh M. , Juan A. A. , Panadero J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe multiperiod vehicle routing problem (MPVRP) is an extension of the vehicle routing problem in which customer demands have to be delivered in one of several consecutive time periods, for example, the days of a week. We introduce and explore a variant of the MPVRP in which the carrier offers a price discount in exchange for delivery flexibility. The carrier's goal is to minimize total costs, which consist of the distribution costs and the discounts paid. A biased‐randomized iterated local search algorithm is proposed for its solution. The two‐stage algorithm first quickly generates a number of promising customer‐to‐period assignments, and then intensively explores a subset of these assignments. An extensive computational study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed algorithm and highlights the benefit of pricing for delivery flexibility in different settings.
Optimizing a linear function over the nondominated set of multiobjective integer programs
Authors: Lokman Banu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we develop two algorithms to optimize a linear function over the nondominated set of multiobjective integer programs. The algorithms iteratively generate nondominated points and converge to the optimal solution reducing the feasible set. The first algorithm proposes improvements to an existing algorithm employing a decomposition and search procedure in finding a new point. Differently, the second algorithm maximizes one of the criteria throughout the algorithm and generates new points by setting bounds on the linear function value. The decomposition and search procedure in the algorithms is accompanied by problem‐specific mechanisms in order to explore the objective function space efficiently. The algorithms are designed to produce solutions that meet a prespecified accuracy level. We conduct experiments on multiobjective combinatorial optimization problems and show that the algorithms work well.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection, eradication and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kato Masayuki , Toda Akiko , Yamamoto‐Honda Ritsuko , Arase Yasuji , Sone Hirohito 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionIt is suspected that Helicobacter pylori is associated with extradigestive diseases including diabetes. So far, a number of studies have examined the association between H. pylori and diabetes, and the results were conflicting. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between H. pylori infection, eradication and diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study was carried out using data from annual health checkups carried out at the Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center. The status of H. pylori infection, determined by serum antibodies and history of eradication, was categorized into three groups as “never,” “current” and “past.” The association between H. pylori infection and diabetes was examined using logistic regression.ResultsOf 21,634 participants, 6,530 (30.2%) had a current or past history of H. pylori infection, and 1,184 (5.5%) were identified as having diabetes. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios for diabetes compared with the “never” group were 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.10–1.67) for the “current” group and 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.79–1.07) for the “past” group. The association between H. pylori infection and diabetes was also observed among participants without a history of eradication.ConclusionsWe found that current H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of diabetes, and the increased risk was not observed among participants after eradication. The results were concordant with the hypothesis that H. pylori infection increases the risk of diabetes. Further studies are necessary to validate the present results.
The effect of silver nanocomposite packaging based on melt mixing and sol–gel methods on shelf life extension of fresh chicken stored at 4 °C
Authors: Lotfi Somayeh , Ahari Hamed , Sahraeyan Razi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the present study, seven types of films were produced using different proportions of polyethylene containing silver, clay, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Following the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the films in the eradication of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the film containing 5% silver nanoparticles and 5% titanium dioxide nanoparticles was found to have the highest antimicrobial property and was determined to be an ideal cover for food products. The antibacterial effect of the films on the shelf life extension and quality of the chicken stored at 4 °C in the Days 1, 3, and 5 of the experiment was checked. The structure and morphology of the nanoparticles and the selected films were evaluated using a field emission scanning electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The analysis of the results indicated that the most appropriate inhibition growth was observed with S. aureus and E. coli in nutrient agar and the largest diameter of the radial inhibition zone occurred with S. aureus. Moreover, the analysis of variance showed that the effect of different concentrations of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles was significant (p < .05). The results of this study showed that the produced nanocomposite was used to preserve chicken meat for 5 days at 4 °C inhibited the growth of both types of bacteria.Practical applicationsNowadays production of active packaging is increasing worldwide as they were proved to have numerous effects on inhibiting of microbial growth and even bactericidal effects. Therefore, a wide variety of food producers in different sections namely agriculture, dairy, and meat industries have applied nanopackaging using different nanoparticles. Thus, more research on different physicochemical and antimicrobial effects are needed.