bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the New Hypertension Guidelines to Low-Dose Aspirin Prophylaxis Eligibility for the Prevention of Preeclampsia: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Putra Manesha , Balasooriya Madagedara Maduka , Boscia Alexander L. , Dalkiran Evrim , Sokol Robert J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) published new guidelines which lower the cut-off for hypertension. We sought to evaluate the impact of these guidelines to cost and benefit of various low-dose aspirin prophylaxis approaches.Study Design Decision tree analysis was created using R software to evaluate four approaches to aspirin prophylaxis in the United States: no aspirin, United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) with Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC7) hypertension guidelines, USPSTF with ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines, as well as universal aspirin prophylaxis. This model was executed to simulate a hypothetical cohort of 4 million pregnant women in the United States.Results The new guidelines would expand the aspirin eligibility by 8% (76,953 women) in the USPSTF guidelines. Even with this increased eligibility, the USPSTF guidelines continue to be the approach with the most cost savings ($386.5 million) when compared with universal aspirin and no aspirin prophylaxis. The new hypertension guidelines are projected to increase the cost savings of the USPSTF approach by $9.4 million.Conclusion Despite the small change in aspirin prophylaxis, using ACC/AHA definition of hypertension still results in an annual cost-saving of $9.4 million in the United States when compared with JNC7.
Cost Analysis of Transfusion Therapy in Coronary Artery Surgery
Authors: Petricevic Mirna , Petricevic Mate , Pasalic Marijan , Cepulic Branka Golubic , Raos Mirela , Dujmic Dora , Kalamar Viktor , Mestrovic Vice , Gasparovic Hrvoje , Vasicek Vesna , Goerlinger Klaus , Biocina Bojan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), wide variability in transfusion rate (7.8% to 92.8%) raises the question of the amount of unnecessary transfusions. The aim of the study was (1) to identify CABG patients at low risk of bleeding to whom transfusion treatment should be avoided and (2) to calculate the amount of possible cost savings that would be achieved by avoiding transfusion in low bleeding risk patients.
Methods This retrospective observational study enrolled patients undergoing isolated elective CABG from January 2010 to January 2018. Patients were divided with respect to the presence of excessive bleeding and transfusion costs were compared between the two groups. Predictors for postoperative excessive bleeding were defined and multivariable logistic regression analysis and risk modeling were performed. The use of a model to predict patients at low risk of bleeding allowed for the estimation of transfusion cost savings assuming the patients who were found to be at low risk of bleeding should not be transfused.
Results A total of 1,426 patients were enrolled in the analysis. Of those, 28.3% had excessive postoperative bleeding. The multivariate logistic regression analysis model was developed to identify/predict patients without excessive bleeding (receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, area under the curve 72.3%, p < 0.001). When applied to the existing database, the use of the developed model identifying patients at low risk of bleeding may result in a 39.1% reduction of transfusions. Specifically, cost savings would be 48.2% for packed red blood cells, 38.9% for fresh frozen plasma, 10.9% for platelets concentrate, and 17.9% for fibrinogen concentrate.
Conclusion The clinical and economic burdens associated with unnecessary transfusions are significant. Avoiding transfusion in CABG patients found to be at low risk of bleeding may result in significant reduction of transfusion rate and transfusion-associated costs.
The Treatment of Distal Biceps Ruptures: An Overview
Authors: Cerciello Simone , Visonà Enrico , Corona Katia , Ribeiro Filho Paulo Roberto , Carbone Stefano 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTraumatic lesions of the distal biceps brachii are uncommon. They often result from rapid elbow flexion against resistance. Conservative treatment is only indicated in low-demanding patient and in those who have severe comorbidities. Regarding the surgical approach, two options are available: the single- and the double-incision techniques. The former has been the first to be described and was associated with significant rate of neurologic complications. The second showed less frequent neurologic lesions, but considerable rate of heterotopic ossifications with reduced forearm movement. The choice of fixation device is another important issue. Cortical buttons, transosseous repair, suture anchors, and interference screws have shown satisfactory outcomes. However, cortical buttons have the best mechanical properties. Although a lack of high methodological quality studies emerges in the available literature, three recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis show interesting findings. Surgical reinsertion of the distal biceps brachii yields satisfactory clinical outcomes both with the single- and double-incision techniques. Higher prevalence of nerve injuries is associated with the single-incision techniques, whereas higher prevalence of heterotopic ossification is reported with double-incision techniques. Thus far, there is no sufficient evidence to support one option and the choice is mainly based on surgeon's experience.
A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials of Homeopathy in Adverse Effects of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Cancer
Authors: Shukla Purnima , Nayak Chaturbhuja , Baig Mirza Qaiser , Misra Purak 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The results of several studies indicated that conventional treatment based on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is often associated with adverse side effects. Recent studies suggest that patients with cancer (average 31.4%) used complementary therapy at some stage of their illness, and homeopathic medicines might be used to enhance survival and improve quality of life in cancer patients. The aim of this systematic review is to systematically review the literature on homeopathic-controlled clinical studies of adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in carcinoma.
Methods Substantive research articles, conference proceedings and master and doctoral theses published between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2018 were eligible. Methodology was assessed by Jadad's scoring, internal validity by Cochrane tool and model validity by Mathie's criteria.
Results Eight trials were eligible. Few trials were positive, especially those testing complex formulations. Methodological quality was diverse; five trials had ‘Unclear’ risk of bias. Model validity was compromised. Proof supporting individualised homeopathy remained inconclusive.
Discussion The trials were positive (evidence level A), but inconsistent and suffered from methodological heterogeneity, incomplete study reporting, inadequacy of independent replications and small sample sizes. Further trials are warranted.
Basics of Fluid Construction Grammar
Authors: Steels Luc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) is a fully operational computational platform
for developing grammars from a constructional perspective. It contains
mechanisms for representing grammars and for using them in computational
experiments and applications in language understanding, production and learning.
FCG can be used by grammar writers who want to test whether their grammar
fragments are complete and coherent for the domain they are investigating (for
example verb phrases) or who are working in a team and have to share grammar
fragments with others. It can be used by computational linguists implementing
practical language processing systems or exploring how machine learning
algorithms can acquire grammars. This paper introduces some of the basic
mechanisms of FCG, illustrated with examples.
Robust processing of the Dutch verb phrase
Authors: Van Eecke Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Dutch verb phrase (VP) is notorious for its syntactic intricacies. There are
three main reasons why it is difficult to robustly handle its complexity in a
processing model. First of all, a single VP can contain multiple modal
auxiliaries (‘modal stacking’). Second, perfect auxiliaries can not only take a
past participle as their argument but also a modal auxiliary in the infinitive
form. Finally, there are various word orders in which the verb forms can appear.
The first part of this paper presents a fully operational precision processing
model of the Dutch VP in Fluid Construction Grammar. The model shows that the
aforementioned challenges can be overcome by carefully managing the hierarchical
relations between the elements of the VP. The second part introduces a robust
comprehension method, which can process VPs containing morphological and word
order errors. This method allows in many cases to recover the intended meaning
of an erroneous VP, as well as to correct its form, using a strategy that
exploits the deep semantic analyses and the bidirectional nature of the
model.
An open-ended computational construction grammar for Spanish verb conjugation
Authors: Beuls Katrien 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Spanish verb phrase can take on many forms, depending on the temporal,
aspectual and modal interpretation that a speaker wants to convey. At least half
a dozen constructions work together to build or analyze even the simplest verb
form such as hablo ‘I speak’. This paper documents how the
complete Spanish verb conjugation system can be operationalized in a
computational construction grammar formalism, namely Fluid Construction Grammar.
Moreover, it shows how starting from a seed grammar that handles regular
morphology and grammar one can create a productive grammar that captures
systematicity in Spanish verb conjugation and can expand its construction
inventory when new verbs are encountered.
Against V2 as a general property of Old Romance languages
Authors: Martins Ana Maria 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper revisits the hypothesis that the
verb-second property was a shared feature of the Old Romance
languages by investigating Old Portuguese. It demonstrates, on the
basis of positive empirical evidence, that Old Portuguese allowed
clausal configurations that could not have been derived by a
verb-second system. It is shown that clitic placement offers the
means to pinpoint items that are categorically excluded from
left-peripheral topic positions (non topic items –
NTIs). Once NTIs are identified, the distinction between verb-third
orders that can be accommodated within a verb-second system and
those that cannot becomes clear-cut. It is shown that the test
devised to recognize ‘true’ verb-third orders in Old Portuguese
produces similar results when applied to other Old Iberorromance
languages.
Historical pragmatics, explicit activation and wh in
situ in French
Authors: Larrivée Pierre 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to further the
understanding of the syntax/pragmatics interface with reference to
rare grammatical variables. The usage-based assessment of the
pragmatic value of wh in situ in French shows that
contrary to claims in the literature, the variable does not have a
categorical pragmatic value in the contemporary period. It does
historically have a categorically discourse-old, explicitly
activated status, when it emerges as a new variable representing
less than 1% of partial questions. Converging with current studies,
an activation condition is proposed: rare emerging grammatical
variables representing less than 1% of occurrences in the relevant
category enter the grammatical system with an explicit activation
value.
Intonation of alternative constructions in French
Authors: Delais-Roussarie Elisabeth , Turco Giuseppina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Alternative questions in French are described as
ending by a falling contour, while a rising contour occurs on the
non-final conjuncts. This configuration is very similar to the one
observed in statements with a disjunction. The similarity at the
phonological level raises the following questions: Are intonational
contours equally implemented at a phonetic level in questions and
statements? If not, what are the acoustic cues that allow for
distinguishing the two sentence types? The aim of this study is to
show that the phonetic implementation of the intonation contours at
the end of both sentence-medial and sentence-final conjuncts differ
in alternative questions and statements with a disjunction in
French. This finding may deepen our understanding on the relation
between intonation and meaning.
Postverbal subject positions in ‘semi-finite’ clauses in Southern
Italo-Romance and Sardinian
Authors: Groothuis Kim A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Both Sardinian inflected infinitives on the one
hand and Southern Calabrese and Salentino subjunctive complement
clauses on the other can be considered semi-finite since, among
other things, they are marked for person and number agreement with
the subject, as finite clauses, but lack tense marking, on a par
with non-finite clauses. These clauses all present VOS as the
unmarked word order and allow VSO under specific pragmatic
conditions. On the basis of a series of syntactic tests, this paper
shows that these orders are derived via remnant VP-movement rather
than object shift. Furthermore, it is argued that these varieties,
although they allow for VSO, do not form an exception to Gallego’s (2013)
generalization on VOS/VSO in Romance.
Teasing apart 3rd person null subjects in Brazilian
Portuguese
Authors: Carvalho Janayna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We discuss null impersonals in Brazilian
Portuguese against the background of previous work by Holmberg
(2005, et seq.), in
which the properties of null impersonals play a role in the
characterization of partial pro-drop languages. We show that
although apparently similar, null impersonals in Finnish and BP
cannot receive the same analysis. In Finnish, there is only one type
of null impersonal. By contrast, there are two types of null
impersonals in BP, each one employing dedicated null impersonal
pronouns, i.e. pronouns that cannot receive a referential reading.
We take the properties of null impersonals in BP to showcase that
the different specifications of T in partial pro-drop languages can
have an overall effect in the grammar of their constructions.
De-prefixed spatial Ps in medieval
French
Authors: Rainsford Thomas M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We examine a series of medieval French spatial
Ps with de- prefixes (de-forms;
e.g. dessus, dedans), showing that they display a
combination of preposition-, adverb- and noun-like syntactic
properties which distinguish them from their corresponding base
forms (e.g. sus, ens). We argue that these
properties can best be accounted for by considering
de-forms to be modifiers of a null PLACE noun.
Finally, we suggest that during the medieval period,
de-forms are reanalysed as nouns, which causes
wide-ranging changes in their distribution, including the
development of complex prepositions such as au-dessus
de.
Using big data to support meaning hypotheses for some and any
Authors: Sabar Nadav 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper offers an original treatment of the grammatical forms some and
any. Rather than seeing them as logical quantifiers, each sign constitutes an expressive
device whose invariant meaning fully accounts for its distribution in English texts. A unique methodology that
relies on qualitative analyses to produce large-scale quantitative predictions is laid out in detail. First,
qualitative analyses of attested examples are shown to feature – alongside some or
any – particular other forms that, by hypothesis, contribute to a similar element in the
message as contributed by the sign under analysis. Then, quantitative predictions regarding the regularity of
these co-occurrences are tested in the Corpus of Contemporary American English. This methodology
has led to the discovery of numerous distributional peculiarities that are noted here – and explained – for the
first time.
Semantics of Vietnamese đã
Authors: Trung Nguyễn Hoàng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The analysis of đã has always been a highly controversial topic among Vietnamese linguists. Several accounts of the semantics of đã centre around the questions of whether it is used to locate a situation in the past (Bùi Đức Tịnh 1967, Lo-Cicero 2001) or to express an aspectual distinction (Nguyen 2006) – or both: see Trinh (2005), Phan (2013), and Phan & Duffield (this volume). In this article, it is claimed that đã does not function as tense marker, but that it is used instead to express a modal meaning which the speaker intends to provide for the situation she is communicating. Furthermore, contra those who assume that this marker is aspectual, it is claimed that the aspectual meaning is only derived from the interaction between đã and the semantics of the following predicate.
Electrostatic interactions at the interface of two enzymes are essential for two-step alkane biosynthesis in cyanobacteria
Authors: Chang Mari , Shimba Keigo , Hayashi Yuuki , Arai Munehito 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Cyanobacterial alkane biosynthesis is catalyzed by acyl-(acyl carrier protein (ACP)) reductase (AAR) and aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (ADO) in a two-step reaction. AAR reduces acyl-ACPs to fatty aldehydes, which are then converted by ADO to alkanes, the main components of diesel fuel. Interaction between AAR and ADO allows AAR to efficiently deliver the aldehyde to ADO. However, this interaction is poorly understood. Here, using analytical size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), we show that electrostatic interactions play an important role in the binding of the two enzymes. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis at charged residues around the substrate entry site of ADO revealed that E201A mutation greatly reduced hydrocarbon production. SEC measurement of the mutant demonstrated that E201 of ADO is essential for the AAR–ADO interaction. Our results suggest that AAR binds to the substrate entrance gate of ADO and thereby facilitates the insertion of the reactive and relatively insoluble aldehyde into the hydrophobic channel of ADO.
Abbreviations: AAR: acyl-ACP reductase; ACP: acyl carrier protein; ADO: aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase; ASA: solvent accessible surface area; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CD: circular dichroism; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DTT: dithiothreitol; GC-MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometer; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; IPTG: isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside; MRE: mean residue ellipticity; NpAAR: AAR from Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102; NpADO: ADO from Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102; PmADO: ADO from Prochlorococcus marinus MIT 9313; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SeAAR: AAR from Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942; SeADO: ADO from Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942; SEC: size-exclusion chromatography; TeAAR: AAR from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1; TeADO: ADO from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1; UV: ultraviolet
Modelling the impact of ground temperature and ground insulation on cooling energy use in a tropical house constructed to the Passivhaus Standard
Authors: Sigalingging R C , Chow D , Sharples S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In tropical climates ventilation introduces high levels of moisture into dwellings, leading to raised values of indoor relative humidity and air temperatures, creating occupant thermal discomfort. The Passivhaus standard, by creating a super insulated and air-tight envelope, reduces heat losses and provides low energy comfort. This approach in tropical housing might be effective but could potentially increase mechanical cooling demand. This research investigated the effect of ground temperatures on thermal comfort and energy-saving in a tropical dwelling. Terraced houses in Jakarta, Indonesia were chosen as this a popular house type. IES VE software was used to study building energy use, and the Passivhaus software PHPP examined the application of Passivhaus criteria. Field measurements of air temperature and relative humidity were used to validate the software model. Analysis revealed that the building’s predicted air temperatures were affected by the assumed ground temperature models in IES. Good agreement between the measured and modelled values was achieved only when a particular ground model was chosen. Having validated the IES model, dwelling insulation and air-tightness levels were incrementally changed until they met the Passivhaus standard. Finally, the feasibility of meeting the Passivhaus energy standard for cooling in the modified tropical house was tested.
Strategies for Urban Residual Areas as a Planning Tool: Towards Achieving Sustainable Built Environment by Connecting Neighbourhoods
Authors: Kader Alexander , Mahmoud Randa A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In large parts of the Gulf countries, neighbourhoods’ mono-functional structures with their low density and their lack of social functions, lively public spaces, public transportation and climate responsive design features have catered for an environmentally unfriendly development pattern. Borders between neighbourhoods are mostly socially repulsive as they usually host large residual and underutilized spaces such as oversized main roads and other infrastructure elements. Consequently, these residual areas constitute large breaks in the neighbourhoods’ building pattern and physical barriers for the inhabitants. Since we see a great potential in these residual areas, we have elaborated a planning tool which is generally applicable for sustainable development of transitional spaces between neighbourhoods. This study demonstrates different strategies on how these urban thresholds between neighbourhoods can be transformed into central active mixed-use public spaces that will be reachable for all residents by walking. Accordingly, they can promote for social interaction between different neighbourhoods and thus social sustainability. Within this paper, at first, the thresholds between different residential neighbourhoods’ structures are examined to better understand their qualities and deficits. Secondly, various sustainable development options for the threshold areas are demonstrated. An exemplary site in the Capital Area of Muscat, Oman serves as a case study. The third part consists of an evaluation of the elaborated proposals according to their ecological, social and economical efficiency in order to create adequate implementation strategies. Finally, we propose that the ecological solutions for residual areas as developed in this paper for the GCC region can be expanded to other hot-climate countries as a planning tool to achieve sustainable built environments by connecting different neighbourhoods.