bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the capability of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in tandem with chemometric analysis for predicting poultry meat spoilage
Authors: Rahman Ubaid ur , Sahar Amna , Pasha Imran , Rahman Sajjad ur , Ishaq Anum 
Published: August 2018

Background
Use of traditional methods for determining meat spoilage is quite laborious and time consuming. Therefore, alternative approaches are needed that can predict the spoilage of meat in a rapid, non-invasive and more elaborative way. In this regard, the spectroscopic techniques have shown their potential for predicting the microbial spoilage of meat-based products. Consequently, the present work was aimed to demonstrate the competence of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to detect spoilage in chicken fillets stored under aerobic refrigerated conditions.

Methods
This study was conducted under controlled randomized design (CRD). Chicken samples were stored for 8 days at 4 + 0.5 °C and FTIR spectra were collected at regular intervals (after every 2 days) directly from the sample surface using attenuated total reflectance during the study period. Additionally, total plate count (TPC), Entetobacteriaceae count, pH, CTn (Color transmittance number) color analysis, TVBN (total volatile basic nitrogen) contents, and shear force values were also measured through traditional approaches. FTIR spectral data were interpreted through principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression and compared with results of traditional methods for precise estimation of spoilage.

Results
Results of TPC (3.04–8.20 CFU/cm2), Entetobacteriaceae counts (2.39–6.33 CFU/cm2), pH (4.65–7.05), color (57.00–142.00 CTn), TVBN values (6.72–33.60 mg/100 g) and shear force values (8.99–39.23) were measured through traditional methods and compared with FTIR spectral data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied on data obtained through microbial and quality analyses and results revealed significant changes (P < 0.05) in the values of microbial load and quality parameters of chicken fillets during the storage. FTIR spectra were collected and PCA was applied to illuminate the wavenumbers potentially correlated to the spoilage of meat. PLS regression analysis permitted the estimates of microbial spoilage and quality parameters from the spectra with a fit of R2 = 0.66 for TPC, R2 = 0.52 for Entetobacteriaceae numbers and R2 = 0.56 for TVBN analysis of stored broiler meat.

Discussion
PLS regression was applied for quantitative interpretation of spectra, which allowed estimates of microbial loads on chicken surfaces during the storage period. The results suggest that FTIR spectra retain information regarding the spoilage of poultry meat.

Conclusion
The present work concluded that FTIR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis can be successfully used for quantitative determination of poultry meat spoilage.
Critical reduction of the geographic distribution of Cyanocyclas (Cyrenidae: Bivalvia) in Uruguay
Authors: Clavijo Cristhian , Carranza Alvar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The South American endemic corbiculid genus Cyanocyclas comprises about 15 nominal species described from Uruguay. Of these, only two are at present considered valid species. Several authors have reported population declines of these species after the settlement and spread of the invasive genus Corbicula, and even the disappearance of Cyanocyclas populations from certain localities.
This article reviews the historical and present geographical distribution of Cyanocyclas spp. in Uruguay. Of the localities where Cyanocyclas spp. have been reported previously, 75% were re‐surveyed during 2009 and 2012, but Cyanocyclas spp. were found to be present in only five of these locations (7.1%).
In addition to Cyanocyclas limosa and Cyanocyclas paranensis, at least three morphotypes not attributable to any of these species were found; therefore, the reduction in range may be more severe than expected.
The putative effect of the invasive bivalve Corbicula fluminea and other stressors is briefly discussed.
The adequate management of the few extant populations is a key issue in ensuring the conservation of Cyanocyclas.
An investigation on additives for pelletizing highly torrefied biomass
Authors: Distler Tobias , Sitzmann Werner 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe co‐firing of biomass with coal is usually done using white wood pellets. Compared to coal, white wood pellets come with several disadvantages in terms of lower energy density, higher energy required for milling, and less water stability. One possible measure to counteract these disadvantages is torrefaction. As (intensive) torrefaction leads to the destruction of the binding forces in the wood, the addition of a suitable additive for pelletization is required. The utilization of thermoplastics (LDPE, PP, PS, and EVA) as additives for pelletizing highly torrefied wood with an HHV (higher heating value) of 25.1 MJ kg−1 was tested in a laboratory and in pilot plant‐scale pellet mills. In a first step, the behavior of the single thermoplastics mixed with the torrefied biomass was evaluated. The thermoplastics partly led to lubricating effects and partly to retarding effects, and differed in their adhesive behavior. Based on this information, mixtures of thermoplastics were developed and tested. The best results in this study were achieved using an additive mixture containing 5 wt.% LDPE, 1 wt.% EVA, and 5 wt.% PS based on the mass of torrefied biomass. By using this additive mixture and Kahl's pellet mill 33‐390, the production of pellets complying with ISO/TS 17225‐8:2016 was achieved to a large extent. Only the results concerning pellet stability (PDI) did not fully meet the requirements. The pellets produced showed very good water stability and no visible leaching when immersed in water for 72 hours. The HHV of the torrefied biomass was increased due to the addition of high‐calorie additives from 25.1 to 26.8 MJ kg−1. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Enhanced Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence through Intermolecular Halogen/Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Xiao Lu , Fu Hongbing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRoom‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with high efficiency have attracted much attention because they have unique characteristics that cannot be realized in conventional fluorescent materials. Unfortunately, efficient RTP in metal‐free organic materials is very rare and it has traditionally been considered as the feature to divide purely organic compounds from organometallic and inorganic compounds. There has been increasing research interest in the design and preparation of metal‐free organic RTP materials in recent years. It has been reported that intermolecular interactions make a big difference to the photophysical behavior of organic molecules. In this regard, herein, the parameters that affect RTP efficiency are discussed, and a brief review of recent intermolecular halogen‐/hydrogen‐bonding strategies for efficient RTP in metal‐free organic materials are provided. The opportunities and challenges are finally elaborated in the hope of guiding promising directions for the design and application of RTP materials.
Safety and Efficacy of Ledipasvir–Sofosbuvir With or Without Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C in Children Ages 6‐11
Authors: Murray Karen F. , Balistreri William F. , Bansal Sanjay , Whitworth Suzanne , Evans Helen M. , Gonzalez‐Peralta Regino P. , Wen Jessica , Massetto Benedetta , Kersey Kathryn , Shao Jiang , Garrison Kimberly L. , Parhy Bandita , Brainard Diana M. , Arnon Ronen , Gillis Lynette A. , Jonas Maureen M. , Lin Chuan‐Hao , Narkewicz Michael R. , Schwarz Kathleen , Rosenthal Philip 
Published: August 2018

Currently, there are no interferon‐free treatments available for hepatitis C virus (HCV)–infected patients younger than 12 years. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the all‐oral regimen ledipasvir–sofosbuvir ± ribavirin in HCV‐infected children aged 6 to <12 years. In an open‐label study, patients aged 6 to <12 years received ledipasvir 45 mg–sofosbuvir 200 mg as two fixed‐dose combination tablets 22.5/100 mg once daily, with or without ribavirin, for 12 or 24 weeks, depending on HCV genotype and cirrhosis status. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12). Twelve patients underwent intensive pharmacokinetic sampling to confirm the appropriateness of the ledipasvir and sofosbuvir dosages. Ninety‐two patients were enrolled (88 genotype 1, 2 genotype 3, and 2 genotype 4), with a median age of 9 years (range, 6‐11). Most were perinatally infected (97%) and treatment‐naive (78%). Two were confirmed to have cirrhosis, while the degree of fibrosis was unknown in 55 patients. The overall SVR12 rate was 99% (91/92; 95% confidence interval, 94%‐100%). The single patient not reaching SVR relapsed 4 weeks after completing 12 weeks of treatment. The most common adverse events were headache and pyrexia. One patient had three serious adverse events, which were considered to be not related to study treatment: tooth abscess, abdominal pain, and gastroenteritis. The area under the concentration–time curve and maximum concentration values for sofosbuvir, its primary metabolite GS‐331007, and ledipasvir were within predefined pharmacokinetic equivalence boundaries (50%‐200%) compared to values in adults in phase 2/3 of the ledipasvir and sofosbuvir studies. Conclusion: Ledipasvir–sofosbuvir was well tolerated and highly effective in children 6 to <12 years old with chronic HCV.
Patient‐Reported Outcomes and the Economic Effects of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: The Value Proposition
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), death, or liver transplantation. NASH has also been associated with impaired health‐related quality of life and poses a significant economic burden. Due to the negative clinical and patient‐reported outcomes and economic burden of NAFLD, it is necessary to review this disease through the lens of value‐based care, in which value is proportional to clinical and quality outcomes and inversely proportional to the costs of delivering these outcomes. I review the components of outcomes measured for patients with NAFLD and NASH and relate them to the value proposition, with the aim to deliver optimal patient‐centered care.
GOWAWA Aggregation Operator‐based Global Molecular Characterizations: Weighting Atom/bond Contributions (LOVIs/LOEIs) According to their Influence in the Molecular Encoding
Authors: García‐Jacas César R. , Cabrera‐Leyva Lisset , Marrero‐Ponce Yovani , Suárez‐Lezcano José , Cortés‐Guzmán Fernando , García‐González Luis A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA different perspective to compute global weighted definitions of molecular descriptors from the contributions of each atom (LOVIs) or covalent bond (LOEIs) within a molecule is presented, using the generalized ordered weighted averaging – weighted averaging (GOWAWA) aggregation operator. This operator is rather different from the other norm‐, mean‐ and statistic‐based operators used up to date for the descriptors calculation from LOVIs/LOEIs. GOWAWA unifies the generalized ordered weighted averaging (GOWA) and the weighted generalized mean (WGM) functions and, in addition, it uses a smoothing parameter to assign different importance values to both functions depending on the problem under study. With the GOWAWA operator, diversity of novel global aggregations of molecular descriptors can be determined, where the influence that each atom (or covalent bond) has on the molecular characterization is taken into account. Therefore, this approach is completely different from the ones reported in the literature, where the values of LOVIs/LOEIs are considered equally important. To demonstrate the feasibility of using this operator, the QuBiLS‐MIDAS descriptors (http://tomocomd.com/qubils‐midas) were used and, as a result, a module was built into the corresponding software to compute them, being thus the only software reported in the literature that can be employed to determine weighted descriptors. Moreover, several modeling studies were performed on eight chemical datasets, which demonstrated that, with the GOWAWA aggregation operator, weighted QuBiLS‐MIDAS descriptors that contribute to develop models with greater predictive power can be computed, if compared to the models based on the non‐weighted descriptors calculated from the other operators used up to date. A non‐parametric statistical assessment confirmed that the GOWAWA‐based predictions are significantly superior to the others obtained. Therefore, all in all, it can be concluded that, from the results achieved, the GOWAWA operator constitutes a prominent alternative to codify relevant chemical information of the molecules, ultimately useful in improving the modeling ability of several old and recent descriptors whose definition is based on the LOVIs/LOEIs calculation.
Basic concepts in nocturia, based on international continence society standards in nocturnal lower urinary tract function
Authors: Hashim Hashim , Drake Marcus J. 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo review the recommendations on nocturia in the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardization documents, setting out key definitions and parameters for use in clinical practice.MethodsDefinitions and evaluations described in the ICS Standards on Nocturia and Terminology for Lower Urinary Tract Function were identified and summarized.ResultsThe terms have been divided into signs and symptoms. Nocturia as a symptom is waking at night to pass urine and as a sign is the number of times an individual passes urine during their main sleep period. Nocturnal polyuria as a symptom is passing large volumes of urine at night and as a sign is the excessive production of urine during the individual's main sleep period. These should be quantified using a 3‐day bladder diary, thereby facilitating identification of 24‐h polyuria, nocturnal polyuria, lower urinary tract dysfunction, or sleep disorder.ConclusionsThe summary reflects the multifactorial influences in nocturia and provides a pragmatic insight into bladder diary analysis for deriving key parameters relevant to clinical therapy.
Study on a New Cleaner Emulsion Explosive Containing Common Clay
Authors: Zhou Guoan , Ma Honghao , Shen Zhaowu , Chen Peiyuan , Yu Yong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel emulsion explosive, which has three primary advantages, namely, the ability to easily adjust various detonation properties to desired values, decrease the overall cost of civil explosive products, and minimize environmental pollution during use. Immediate and time‐related experiments are performed in order to identify changing detonation properties of these new formulas. Our results show that both common clay and hollow glass micro‐spheres (HGMs) function as thermal diluents, which indicates that for a larger quantity of these additives, the weaker are the detonation properties under the condition of our experimental ratios (HGMs: from 5 wt.% to 15 wt.%; common clay: from 0 wt.% to 20 wt.%). Furthermore, a comparison of four alternative emulsion explosive compositions reveals that the longest storage time in this study is 5 weeks with No. 3‐3, which contains 15 wt.% HGMs and 10 wt.% common clay. In addition, nonlinear attenuation is observed and explained for that period.
Mechanism Improvement and Process Optimization of the One‐Pot Synthesis of 3.7‐Dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐Tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane from Urea
Authors: Zhu Chao , Meng Zihui , Liu Yue , Xu Zhibin , Song Hongyan , Wang Peng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs a key precursor in the preparation of octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX), 3,7‐dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT) prepared from urea by a modified one‐pot method has a bright future. On the basis of our previous work (Reaction Mechanism of One‐Pot Synthesis of Dinitro Pentamethylene Tetramine, Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 2010, 30 (3), 414–418.) [1], a novel intermediate 3‐nitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane was captured and isolated, and the key reactive intermediate hexahydro‐1‐nitro‐1,3,5‐triazine was directly captured and confirmed by HPLC‐MS. Thus, a modified synthetic mechanism for DPT was elaborated, and based which DPT preparation process was optimized.
Enhanced Damage Effects of Multi‐Layered Concrete Target Produced by Reactive Materials Liner
Authors: Xiao Jianguang , Zhang Xuepeng , Guo Zhangxia , Wang Haifu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhysical experiments were performed to investigate the enhanced lethality of reactive materials (RMs) shaped charge liner against concrete target. The results show that the shaped charge with RMs liner left a funnel shaped hole on the pure concrete target front surfaces, whereas the Cu liner just left a slender penetration hole and produced less damage in comparison. The damage events were recorded by high‐speed photography with the frame rate up to 10,000 frames/s, and the results indicate that deflagration reaction of RMs has occurred inside the target after the detonation of main charge. By comparison of damage effects between RMs and inert Cu liners, we conclude that the gaseous products of the deflagration are the main inducement of catastrophic damage. For multi‐layered concrete targets, a cavity inside the target and several cracks on the targets front surfaces were formed, and the formation mechanisms are deeply discussed in this paper. Based on the isentropic expansion and crack growth theories, the computational formula for crack length was developed, and the influences of the mass of RMs and initiation depth on crack effects are achieved.
Craniosynostosis affects the majority of mucopolysaccharidosis patients and can contribute to increased intracranial pressure
Authors: Oussoren Esmee , Mathijssen Irene M. J. , Wagenmakers Margreet , Verdijk Rob M. , Bredero‐Boelhouwer Hansje H. , van Veelen‐Vincent Marie‐Lise C. , van der Meijden Jan C. , van den Hout Johanna M. P. , Ruijter George J. G. , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Langeveld Mirjam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe mucopolysaccharidoses are multisystem lysosomal storage diseases characterized by extensive skeletal deformities, including skull abnormalities. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of craniosynostosis in the different mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) types and its clinical consequences.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study spanning 10 years, skull imaging and clinical evaluations were performed in 47 MPS patients (type I, II, VI, and VII). A total of 215 radiographs of the skull were analyzed. The presence and type of craniosynostosis, the sutures involved, progression over time, skull shape, head circumference, fundoscopy, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement data were evaluated.ResultsCraniosynostosis of at least one suture was present in 77% of all 47 MPS patients (≤ 6 years of age in 40% of all patients). In 32% of all MPS patients, premature closure of all sutures was seen (≤ 6 years of age in 13% of all patients). All patients with early closure had a more severe MPS phenotype, both in the neuronopathic (MPS I, II) and non‐neuronopathic (MPS VI) patient groups. Because of symptomatic increased intracranial pressure (ICP), a VPS was placed in six patients, with craniosynostosis as a likely or certain causative factor for the increased pressure in four patients. One patient underwent cranial vault expansion because of severe craniosynostosis.ConclusionsCraniosynostosis occurs in the majority of MPS patients. Since the clinical consequences can be severe and surgical intervention is possible, skull growth and signs and symptoms of increased ICP should be monitored in both neuronopathic and non‐neuronopathic patients with MPS.
Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tivantinib in men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)
Authors: Monk Paul , Liu Glenn , Stadler Walter M. , Geyer Susan , Huang Ying , Wright John , Villalona-Calero Miguel , Wade James , Szmulewitz Russell , Gupta Shilpa , Mortazavi Amir , Dreicer Robert , Pili Roberto , Dawson Nancy , George Saby , Garcia Jorge A. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Background Tivantinib is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase that may have additional cytotoxic mechanisms including tubulin inhibition. Prostate cancer demonstrates higher c-MET expression as the disease progresses to more advanced stages and to a castration resistant state. Methods 80 patients (pts) with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC were assigned (2:1) to either tivantinib 360 mg PO BID or placebo (P). The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). Results Of the 80 pts. enrolled, 78 (52 tivantinib, 26 P) received treatment and were evaluable. Median follow up is 8.9 months (range: 2.3 to 19.6 months). Patients treated with tivantinib had significantly better PFS vs. those treated with placebo (medians: 5.5 mo vs 3.7 mo, respectively; HR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.90; p = 0.02). Grade 3 febrile neutropenia was seen in 1 patient on tivantinib while grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was recorded in 1 patient each on tivantinib and placebo. Grade 3 sinus bradycardia was recorded in two men on the tivantinib arm. Conclusions Tivantinib has mild toxicity and improved PFS in men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC.
Financially Overextended: College Attendance as a Contributor to Foreclosures During the Great Recession
Authors: Faber Jacob W. , Rich Peter M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough subprime mortgage lending and unemployment were largely responsible for the wave of foreclosures during the Great Recession, additional sources of financial risk may have exacerbated the crisis. We hypothesize that many parents sending children to college were financially overextended and vulnerable to foreclosure as the economy contracted. With commuting zone panel data from 2006 to 2011, we show that increasing rates of college attendance across the income distribution in one year predict a foreclosure rate increase in subsequent years, net of fixed characteristics and changes in employment, refinance debt, house prices, and 19-year-old population size. We find similar evidence of college-related foreclosure risk using longitudinal household data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Our findings uncover a previously overlooked dimension of the foreclosure crisis, and highlight mortgage insecurity as an inadvertent consequence of parental investment in higher education.
Dance to the beat: Synchronizing motion to audio
Authors: Bellini Rachele , Kleiman Yanir , Cohen-Or Daniel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper we introduce a video post-processing method that enhances the rhythm of a dancing performance, in the sense that the dancing movements are more in time to the beat of the music. The dancing performance as observed in a video is analyzed and segmented into motion intervals delimited by motion beats. We present an image-space method to extract the motion beats of a video by detecting frames at which there is a significant change in direction or motion stops. The motion beats are then synchronized with the music beats such that as many beats as possible are matched with as little as possible time-warping distortion to the video. We show two applications for this cross-media synchronization: one where a given dance performance is enhanced to be better synchronized with its original music, and one where a given dance video is automatically adapted to be synchronized with different music.