bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability analysis of the phytoplankton effect model on changes in nitrogen concentration on integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems
Authors: Widowati  , Putro S P , Silfiana  
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is a polyculture with several biotas maintained in it to optimize waste recycling as a food source. The interaction between phytoplankton and nitrogen as waste in fish cultivation including ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate studied in the form of mathematical models. The form model is non-linear systems of differential equations with the four variables. The analytical analysis was used to study the dynamic behavior of this model. Local stability analysis is performed at the equilibrium point with the first step linearized model by using Taylor series, then determined the Jacobian matrix. If all eigenvalues have negative real parts, then the equilibrium of the system is locally asymptotic stable. Some numerical simulations were also demonstrated to verify our analytical result.
Robust model predictive control for inventory system with uncertain demand using linear matrix inequalities
Authors: Widowati  , Tjahjana R. Heru , Sutrisno  , Saputra Aditya 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we develop an optimal control strategy on inventory systems with uncertain demand. To deal with these uncertainties we use a synthesis of robust model predictive control with linear matrix inequalities. The goal is to minimize the difference between the prediction and the reference trajectory subject to the objective function of each period, based on the input and output constraints. Using standard techniques, the optimization problem that minimizes the difference between the prediction and the reference trajectory, is reduced to a convex optimization problem involving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). We provide numerical simulations on this system using MATLAB and then observe how robust predictive control models produce optimized strategy at the inventory level. In the simulation results, robust predictive control models provide an optimal strategy for controlling inventory levels with minimum total cost and inventory levels following inventory levels on issues.
Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure Is Associated With Hospitalization and Mortality in an Unselected Adult Population
Authors: Basson Marc D , Klug Marilyn G , Hostetter Jeffrey E , Wynne Joshua 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been associated with poor health outcomes in high-risk patients, but its association with more general populations is poorly understood.

METHODS
We analyzed outcomes from 240,622 otherwise unselected patients who had 10 or more outpatient blood pressure readings recorded over a 3-year period and were aged from 20 to 100 years.

RESULTS
Whether calculated as SD, average change, or greatest change and systolic or diastolic blood pressure, we found that higher outpatient BPV was associated with subsequent hospitalization and mortality. Systolic pressure average change exceeding 10–12 mm Hg or diastolic exceeding 8 mm Hg significantly increased risk of hospitalization and death (odds ratios [ORs] from 2.0 to 4.5). Variability in the highest decile increased risks even more dramatically, with propensity-matched ORs from 4.4 to 42. A systolic change exceeding 35 mm Hg increased the relative risk of death 4.5-fold. Similarly, a diastolic change greater than 23–24 mm Hg almost tripled the risks of hospitalization and death. Neither stratification for hypertension nor propensity matching for risk factors within the database affected these associations.

CONCLUSIONS
Systolic and diastolic variabilities were each associated with subsequent adverse outcomes. Physicians should pay special attention to patients with swings in blood pressure between clinic visits. Electronic medical records should flag such variability.
Rapid inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque progression by sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Sun Xin , Guo Shuyuan , Yao Jianting , Wang Huan , Peng Chenghai , Li Bicheng , Wang Yu , Jiang Yongxing , Wang Tengyu , Yang Yang , Cheng Jiali , Wang Wei , Cao Zhengyu , Zhao Xuezhu , Li Xiang , Sun Jing , Yang Jiemei , Tian Fang , Chen Xi , Li Qiannan , Gao Weiwei , Shen Jing , Zhou Qi , Wang Peng , Li Zhitao , Tian Zhen , Zhang Zhiguo , Cao Wenwu , Li Min , Tian Ye 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsCurrently, efficient regimens to reverse atherosclerotic plaques are not available in the clinic. Herein, we present sonodynamic therapy (SDT) as a novel methodology to rapidly inhibit progression of atherosclerotic plaques.Methods and resultsIn atherosclerotic rabbit and apoE-deficient mouse models, SDT efficiently decreased the atherosclerotic burden within 1 week, revealing a decrease in the size of the atherosclerotic plaque and enlarged lumen. The shrunken atherosclerotic plaques displayed compositional alterations, with a reduction in lesional macrophages and lipids. The rapid efficacy of SDT may be due to its induction of macrophage apoptosis, enhancement of efferocytosis, and amelioration of inflammation in the atherosclerotic plaque. Compared with atorvastatin, the standard of care for atherosclerosis, SDT showed more significant plaque shrinkage and lumen enlargement during 1 week treatment. Furthermore, SDT displayed good safety without obvious side effects. In a pilot clinical trial recruiting the patients suffering atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease, combination therapy of SDT with atorvastatin efficiently reduced progression of atherosclerotic plaque within 4 weeks, and its efficacy was able to last for at least 40 weeks.ConclusionSDT is a non-invasive and efficacious regimen to inhibit atherosclerotic plaque progression.
Acetylenotrophy: a hidden but ubiquitous microbial metabolism?
Authors: Akob Denise M , Sutton John M , Fierst Janna L , Haase Karl B , Baesman Shaun , Luther George W , Miller Laurence G , Oremland Ronald S 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAcetylene (IUPAC name: ethyne) is a colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, composed of two triple bonded carbon atoms attached to hydrogens (C2H2). When microbiologists and biogeochemists think of acetylene, they immediately think of its use as an inhibitory compound of certain microbial processes and a tracer for nitrogen fixation. However, what is less widely known is that anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms can degrade acetylene, using it as a sole carbon and energy source and providing the basis of a microbial food web. Here, we review what is known about acetylene degrading organisms and introduce the term 'acetylenotrophs' to refer to the microorganisms that carry out this metabolic pathway. In addition, we review the known environmental sources of acetylene and postulate the presence of an hidden acetylene cycle. The abundance of bacteria capable of using acetylene and other alkynes as an energy and carbon source suggests that there are energy cycles present in the environment that are driven by acetylene and alkyne production and consumption that are isolated from atmospheric exchange. Acetylenotrophs may have developed to leverage the relatively high concentrations of acetylene in the pre-Cambrian atmosphere, evolving later to survive in specialized niches where acetylene and other alkynes were produced.
Nesting Biology of Xylocopa xinjiangensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae)
Authors: He Chunling , Zhu Chaodong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractXylocopa, an important genus in Hymenoptera: Apidae, is of great significance in research on the early stages of insect social evolution. Most species in this genus burrow into wooden structures. Only the Proxylocopa subgenus nests in the soil. Here, we report the nesting behavior of Xylocopa xinjiangensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae), which is distributed only in Western China. During July 2013 and August 2016, we observed the nest architecture and nest building process of X. xinjiangensis. X. xinjiangensis is solitary and nests in the soil walls of gullies, mounds, and cliffs in the Manas area, Xinjiang, multiplying at the rate of one generation a year. Newly emerged females eclose in the fall and build wintering nests first. The next spring, outbound wintering females build breeding nests, although a few wintering females may use the breeding nests built by their mothers. The location and structure of X. xinjiangensis wintering nests are different from those of the breeding nests. The wintering nest is simple in structure, consisting of a tunnel leading perpendicularly from the surface to the interior. The structure of the breeding nest may be either a branching tunnel or a straight-chain tunnel. The first cell that X. xinjiangensis builds in the breeding nest is closest to the entrance, which is a significant difference from the behavior of carpenter bees that construct nests in wood structures. The results of this study lay the foundation for the utilization and protection of X. xinjiangensis resources and facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of the Xylocopa population.
Clinical Outcomes of Upfront Stereotactic Radiosurgery Alone for Patients With 5 to 15 Brain Metastases
Authors: Hughes Ryan T , McTyre Emory R , LeCompte Michael , Cramer Christina K , Munley Michael T , Laxton Adrian W , Tatter Stephen B , Ruiz Jimmy , Pasche Boris , Watabe Kounosuke , Chan Michael D 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The role of primary stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with >4 brain metastases (BM) remains controversial.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the outcomes of patients treated with upfront SRS alone for 1, 2 to 4, and 5 to 15 BM and assess for predictors of clinical outcomes in the 5 to 15 BM group.

METHODS
A total of 478 patients treated with upfront SRS were stratified by number of lesions: 220 had 1 BM, 190 had 2 to 4 BM, and 68 patients had 5 to 15 BM. Overall survival and whole brain radiotherapy-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The cumulative incidences of local failure and distant brain failure (DBF) were estimated using competing risks methodology. Clinicopathologic and dosimetric parameters were evaluated as predictors of survival and DBF in patients with 5 to 15 BM using Cox proportional hazards.

RESULTS
Median overall survival was 8.0, 6.3, and 4.7 mo for patients with 1, 2 to 4, and 5 to 15 BM, respectively (P = .14). One-year DBF was 27%, 44%, and 40%, respectively (P = .01). Salvage SRS and whole brain radiotherapy rates did not differ. Progressive extracranial disease and gastrointestinal primary were associated with poor survival while RCC primary was associated with increased risk of DBF. No evaluated dose-volume parameters predicted for death, neurologic death or toxicity.

CONCLUSION
SRS for 5 to 15 BM is well tolerated without evidence of an associated increase in toxicity, treatment failure, or salvage therapy. Further prospective, randomized studies are warranted to clarify the role of SRS for these patients.
How Police Leaders Learn to Lead
Authors: Filstad Cathrine , Karp Tom , Glomseth Rune 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article examines how Norwegian police leaders learn to lead and what constitutes police practices. Twenty-seven police leaders were shadowed during and interviewed about their daily practices of policing. We found that police leaders learn foremost through their experiences by practising leadership within the context of police culture. We therefore argue for a shift from teaching to acknowledging learning through practice instead of learning through practice constituting missed opportunities for learning and being ‘due to chance’. The Norwegian police culture and the Norwegian Police Service not being a learning organization will strongly influence what Norwegian police leaders learn. Consequently, Norwegian police leaders learn management more than they learn leadership. We argue for combining management and leadership in future police leadership practices We also argue for the importance of enabling police leaders to construct their manoeuvring space, acknowledging the importance of a manoeuvring space in police leaders’ learning to ensure their learning results in changes in established practices.
Substantial Heterogeneity in Progress Toward Reaching the 90-90-90 HIV Target in the WHO European Region
Authors: Porter Kholoud , Gourlay Annabelle , Attawell Kathy , Hales David , Supervie Virginie , Touloumi Giota , Rosinska Magda , Vourli Georgia , van Sighem Ard , Pharris Anastasia , Noori Teymur ,   the ECDC Dublin Declaration Monitoring Network
Published: May 2018

Background:
Achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target by 2020 is expected to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. We report on progress in the WHO European Region in meeting this target.

Methods:
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) sent questionnaires to 55 countries in 2016. We report estimates for 4 stages of the continuum of HIV care (living with HIV, diagnosed, treated, and virally suppressed), corresponding to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) target and explore differences by subregion and challenges with reporting data.

Findings:
Forty-four countries provided data for ≥1 stage, and 29 for all 4 stages. Estimated HIV prevalence was 0.19% (range 0.02%–0.84%, n = 37 countries providing stage 1 data). The proportion diagnosed of people living with HIV ranged from 38% to 98% (n = 37 reporting number of people living with HIV and diagnosed). The proportion on ART of those diagnosed ranged from 27% to 96% (n = 40 reporting numbers diagnosed and treated), and viral suppression rates ranged from 32% to 97% (n = 31 providing numbers treated and virally suppressed). The overall continuum of care estimate for 29 countries with complete data was 81-84-88, which differed by subregion: 84-88-90, 84-69-62, and 57-45-57 for the western, central, and eastern subregions, respectively. Challenges in reporting data included absence of a single data source for all stages, shortage of expertise, and lack of financial and human resources.

Conclusions:
There is an urgent need to strengthen HIV testing programs throughout Europe, particularly in the eastern subregion, and to remove constraints hampering access to testing and care. Recent changes to treatment guidelines should help reduce the numbers diagnosed not treated.
More than a sum of parts: robust face recognition by integrating variation
Authors: Menon Nadia , Kemp Richard I. , White David 
Published: May 2018

Familiarity incrementally improves our ability to identify faces. It has been hypothesized that this improvement reflects the refinement of memory representations which incorporate variation in appearance across encounters. Although it is established that exposure to variation improves face identification accuracy, it is not clear how variation is assimilated into internal face representations. To address this, we used a novel approach to isolate the effect of
integrating
separate exposures into a single-identity representation. Participants (
n
= 113) were exposed to either a single video clip or a pair of video clips of target identities. Pairs of video clips were presented as either a single identity (associated with a single name, e.g. Betty-Sue) or dual identities (associated with two names, e.g. Betty and Sue). Results show that participants exposed to pairs of video clips showed better matching performance compared with participants trained with a single clip. More importantly, identification accuracy was higher for faces presented as single identities compared to faces presented as dual identities. This provides the first direct evidence that the integration of information across separate exposures benefits face matching, thereby establishing a mechanism that may explain people's impressive ability to recognize familiar faces.
PANDA: A comprehensive and flexible tool for proteomics data quantitative analysis
Authors: Chang Cheng , Guo Chaoping , Ding Yuqing , Xu Kaikun , Han Mingfei , He Fuchu , Zhu Yunping 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTSummaryAs the experiment techniques and strategies in quantitative proteomics are improving rapidly, the corresponding algorithms and tools for protein quantification with high accuracy and precision are continuously required to be proposed. Here, we present a comprehensive and flexible tool named PANDA for proteomics data quantification. PANDA, which supports both label-free and labeled quantifications, is compatible with existing peptide identification tools and pipelines with considerable flexibility. Compared with MaxQuant on two complex da-tasets, PANDA was proved to be more accurate and precise with less computation time. Additionally, PANDA is an easy-to-use desktop ap-plication tool with user-friendly interfaces.AvailabilityPANDA is freely available for download at https://sourceforge.net/projects/panda-tools/.Contact1987ccpacer@163.com and zhuyunping@gmail.com
Fronto-central P3a to distracting sounds: an index of their arousing properties
Authors: Masson Rémy , Bidet-Caulet Aurélie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe P3a observed after novel events is an event-related potential comprising an early fronto-central phase and a late fronto-parietal phase. It has classically been considered to reflect the attention processing of distracting stimuli. However, novel sounds can lead to behavioral facilitation as much as behavioral distraction. This illustrates the duality of the orienting response which includes both an attentional and an arousal component. Using a paradigm with visual or auditory targets to detect and irrelevant unexpected distracting sounds to ignore, we showed that the facilitation effect by distracting sounds is independent of the target modality and endures more than 1500 ms. These results confirm that the behavioral facilitation observed after distracting sounds is related to an increase in unspecific phasic arousal on top of the attentional capture. Moreover, the amplitude of the early phase of the P3a to distracting sounds positively correlated with subjective arousal ratings, contrary to other event-related potentials. We propose that the fronto-central early phase of the P3a would index the arousing properties of distracting sounds and would be linked to the arousal component of the orienting response. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the P3a as a marker of distraction.
Re-Targeting of Macroh2A Following Mitosis to Cytogenetic-Scale Heterochromatic Domains
Authors: Sato Hanae , Wu Bin , Delahaye Fabien , Singer Robert H. , Greally John M. 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYThe heritability of chromatin states through cell division is a potential contributor to the epigenetic maintenance of cellular memory of prior states. The macroH2A histone variant has properties of a regulator of epigenetic cell memory, including roles controlling gene silencing and cell differentiation. Its mechanisms of regional genomic targeting and maintenance through cell division are unknown. Here we combinedin vivoimaging with biochemical and genomic approaches to show that human macroH2A is incorporated into chromatin in the G1 phase of the cell cycle following DNA replication. The newly-incorporated macroH2A re-targets the same, large heterochromatic domains where macroH2A was already enriched in the previous cell cycle. It remains heterotypic, targeting individual nucleosomes that do not already contain a macroH2A molecule. The pattern observed resembles that of new deposition of centromeric histone variants during the cell cycle, indicating mechanistic similarities for macrodomain-scale regulation of epigenetic properties of the cell.
High-order interactions dominate the functional landscape of microbial consortia
Authors: Sanchez-Gorostiaga Alicia , Bajić Djordje , Osborne Melisa L. , Poyatos Juan F. , Sanchez Alvaro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the link between community composition and function is a major challenge in microbial ecology, with implications for the management of natural microbiomes and the design of synthetic consortia. For this purpose, it is critical to understand the extent to which community functions and properties can be predicted from species traits and what role is played by complex interactions. Inspired by the study of complex genetic interactions and fitness landscapes, here we have examined how the amylolytic function of combinatorial assemblages of seven starch-degrading soil bacteria depends on the functional contributions from each species and their interactions. Filtering our experimental results through the theory of enzyme kinetics, we show that high-order functional interactions dominate the amylolytic rate of our consortia, even though this function is biochemically simple, redundantly distributed in the community, and additive in the absence of inter-species interactions. As the community grows in size, the contribution of high-order functional interactions grows too, making the community function increasingly unpredictable. We can explain the prevalence of high order effects and their sign from the redundancy of ecological interactions in the network, in particular from redundant facilitation towards a high-performing community member. Our results suggest that even simple functions can be dominated by complex interactions, posing challenges for the predictability and bottom-up engineering of ecosystem function in complex multi-species communities.
Hmgcr promotes a long-range signal to attract germ cells which is aided by Wunens but independent ofhh
Authors: Kenwrick Kim , Mukherjee Amrita , Renault Andrew 
Published: May 2018

Summary StatementMigratingDrosophilagerm cells are attracted by a long range Hmgcr mediated signal which is aided and acts simultaneously with Wunens suggesting that these pathways converge on a single chemoattractant.AbstractIn a developing embryo, many cell types migrate from their point of specification to their final position. This usually involves highly stereotyped routes which are determined through deployment of cell surface or secreted guidance molecules. Whilst genetic techniques have been successful in identifying these molecules, the distances over which such signals operate in their native context can be difficult to determine. Here we have quantified the range of an attractive signal for the migration ofDrosophilagerm cells. Their migration is guided by an attractive signal generated by the expression of genes in the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) pathway, and by a repulsive signal generated by the expression of Wunens. We demonstrate that the attractive signal downstream of Hmgcr operates over a long range and is sufficient to reach germ cells for the entirety of their migration. Furthermore, Hmgcr-mediated attraction and Wunen-mediated repulsion can operate simultaneously ruling out a model in which these pathways operate consecutively. Indeed, we show that Hmgcr-mediated attraction is boosted by Wunens suggesting the action of these two pathways is linked. Lastly, several papers have pointed to the secreted molecule Hedgehog (Hh) as being the germ cell attractant, whose secretion is increased byhmgcr. In this paper, we provide evidence that Hh is not downstream ofhmgcrin germ cell migration.