bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent strength versus universality in glasses of soft compressible colloids
Authors: Higler Ruben , Sprakel Joris 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicrogel colloids, solvent swollen hydrogel particles of microscopic size, are in osmotic equilibrium with their surroundings. This has a profound effect on the behaviour of dense solutions of these polymeric colloids, most notably their ability to swell and deswell depending on the osmotic pressure of the system as a whole. Here we develop a minimal simulation model to treat this intrinsic volume regulation in order to explore the effects this has on the properties of dense solutions close to a liquid-solid transition. We demonstrate how the softness dependent volume regulation of particles gives rise to an apparent change in the fragility of the colloidal glass transition, which can be scaled out through the use of an adjusted volume fraction that accounts for changes in particle size. Moreover, we show how the same model can be used to explain the selective deswelling of soft microgels in a crystalline matrix of harder particles leading to robust crystals free of defects. Our results not only highlight the non-trivial effects of osmotic regulation in governing the apparent physics of microgel suspensions, but also provides a platform to efficiently account for particle deswelling in simulations.
Long-term use of a neural prosthesis in progressive paralysis
Authors: Okahara Yoji , Takano Kouji , Nagao Masahiro , Kondo Kiyohiko , Iwadate Yasuo , Birbaumer Niels , Kansaku Kenji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBrain–computer interfaces (BCIs) enable communication with others and allow machines or computers to be controlled in the absence of motor activity. Clinical studies evaluating neural prostheses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients have been performed; however, to date, no study has reported that ALS patients who progressed from locked-in syndrome (LIS), which has very limited voluntary movement, to a completely locked-in state (CLIS), characterized by complete loss of voluntary movements, were able to continue controlling neural prostheses. To clarify this, we used a BCI system to evaluate three late-stage ALS patients over 27 months. We employed steady-state visual evoked brain potentials elicited by flickering green and blue light-emitting diodes to control the BCI system. All participants reliably controlled the system throughout the entire period (median accuracy: 83.3%). One patient who progressed to CLIS was able to continue operating the system with high accuracy. Furthermore, this patient successfully used the system to respond to yes/no questions. Thus, this CLIS patient was able to operate a neuroprosthetic device, suggesting that the BCI system confers advantages for patients with severe paralysis, including those exhibiting complete loss of muscle movement.
Application of a new UV curable adhesive for rapid bonding in thermoplastic‐based microfluidics
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Gao Kexin , Fan Yiqiang 
Published: November 2018

This study proposed a rapid and reliable approach for the bonding of thermoplastic‐based microfluidics with a new, low‐cost, low toxic, and transparent ultraviolet (UV) curable adhesive as the intermediate layer between thermoplastic plates. After laser fabrication of microchannels on the surface of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate, the UV curable adhesive layer is applied between the substrate and cover plate; a flushing process is then conducted for the removal of the adhesive residuals inside the microchannel. Finally, a UV exposure with the wavelength of 365 nm is applied for the crosslinking of adhesives to finish the bonding process. Several microfluidic devices were fabricated and tested for the demonstration of the proposed technique, and the bonding strength was carefully measured with different UV exposure duration. The characteristics of the contact angle and UV–visible spectroscopy of the UV adhesive coated surface are also provided in this study. In addition, a simple biocompatibility test of the UV curable adhesive‐coated polymer surface is also conducted in this research to confirm the low toxicity of the adhesive layer. The proposed bonding techniques are broadly applicable to achieve a rapid, low‐cost, optically clear, and low toxic bonding for thermoplastic‐based microfluidics.
Les extractions à visée orthodontique ont-elles une influence sur le profil cutané ?
Authors: Dallel I. , Megdiche A. , Ghedira Y. , Tobji S. , Ben Amor A. 
Published: November 2018

Les traitements orthodontiques peuvent avoir une répercussion sur les tissus mous et plus particulièrement sur le profil cutané. L'objectif de notre étude est d'évaluer les modifications des tissus mous du profil esthétique des patients suite au traitement orthodontique avec et sans extraction.Matériels et méthodes: Notre étude a porté sur 90 patients sélectionnés d'une façon randomisée au sein du service d'orthopédie dentofaciale de Monastir (Tunisie). Les téléradiographies de profil de début et de fin de traitement orthodontique ont été comparées en utilisant comme axes de référence le plan SN-7° et le plan orthogonal à SN-7° passant par le point S (POSN- 7°). Le test de Student a permis d'évaluer les variations des mesures céphalométriques. Le test de Pearson a été utilisé pour étudier la corrélation entre les déplacements horizontaux des incisives et ces modifications profilaires.Résultats: Nous avons noté un recul significatif du labral supérieur (LS) (p=0.049) et du labral inférieur (Li) (p=0.048) ainsi qu'une ouverture significative de l'angle labio-mentonnier (p=0.025) chez les patients traités avec extractions des prémolaires. Une corrélation positive entre les déplacements des incisives et la réduction de la protrusion labiale a été mise en évidence.Conclusion: les résultats de cette étude ont montré que les déplacements des incisives consécutifs aux extractions, peuvent avoir des effets tangibles sur le profil cutané. Nous suggérons de pousser l'investigation pour pouvoir éclaircir la relation entre le mouvement dentaire et les tissus mous.
Effet indésirable des fils de contention collés : le « syndrome du fil » : observations, théories, conséquences cliniques : 2e partie
Authors: Roussarie F. , Douady G. 
Published: November 2018

Parfois les dents se déplacent alors qu'elles semblent parfaitement stabilisées par un fil de contention, nous avions appelé ce phénomène le « syndrome du fil ».
Ce phénomène a été décrit dans toutes ses formes, aussi bien à la mandibule qu'au maxillaire dans la partie I de cet article. La littérature ne propose actuellement aucune explication mécanique pour ce phénomène. Après analyse de documents photographiques, provenant de confrères spécialistes et de notre cabinet, nous avons élaboré une théorie permettant d'expliquer la partie mécanique.
Nous évoquons deux familles d'hypothèses, non excluantes, qui peuvent se combiner.
La première hypothèse dite « intrinsèque » recense toutes les erreurs de procédures aboutissant à la pose d'un fil collé « actif ». Le fil est alors responsable des mouvements. Il agit comme un appareil orthodontique directement collé sur les dents.
La seconde hypothèse dite « extrinsèque » montre qu'une dent, collée par l'intermédiaire d'un plot de résine à un fil parfaitement passif, peut tourner si la liaison fil/colle se rompt et qu'il est soumis à une force.
La connaissance des conséquences cliniques qui en découlent permettra de lutter efficacement contre ce phénomène.
Meilensteine der Schilddrüsenchirurgie
Authors: Mahanty Mark , Koscielny Sven , Koscielny Arne 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der hier vorgelegten Darstellung der Entwicklung der Schilddrüsenchirurgie hin
zu einer sicheren Chirurgie, die auf dem aktuellen chirurgischen und
medizinhistorischen Forschungsstand und der verfügbaren einschlägigen Literatur
basiert, wird die Entwicklungskontinuität hin zu den minimalinvasiven
Operationsverfahren, die den dank der historischen Entwicklung erreichten hohen
Sicherheitsstandards mindestens genügen müssen, erstmals im
medizingeschichtlichen Kontext interpretiert. Das zunehmende Verständnis der
Erkrankungen der Schilddrüse und der perioperativen Folgen und Komplikationen,
die zu neuen medizinischen und therapeutischen Erkenntnissen führten, wird somit
erstmals auch in diesem Kontext interpretiert.Zur Verbesserung des Patientenkomforts im Hinblick auf die Operationswunde und
spätere Narbenbildung werden seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts immer wieder neue
minimalinvasive Operationsmethoden beschrieben, die sich durch die
Zugangsmodalitäten und -wege unterscheiden. Zukünftige Weiterentwicklungen der
operativen Zugangswege und Methoden müssen dem heutigen hohen Stand der
chirurgischen und nuklearmedizinischen Therapie und ihren Qualitäts- und
Sicherheitsstandards mindestens genügen.
DDA-Zertifikate: „Psoriasis“
Authors: Augustin M. , Maaßen D. 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDas DDA-Zertifikat „Psoriasis“ wird nach Absolvierung eines Curriculums von 16 Stunden sowie dem Nachweis einer Befähigung zur topischen und zur Systemtherapie verliehen. Eine Übergangsregelung wurde nach Einführung getroffen. Die Versorgungsqualität durch Dermatologen mit hoher Kompetenz in Systemtherapie wurde in zahlreichen Versorgungsstudien gezeigt. Das Zertifikat erleichtert die Identifizierung von Ärzten mit hinreichender Expertise in der leitlinienkonformen Systemtherapie der Psoriasis. Es stellt die Basis für die aktuellen Versorgungsverträge in Deutschland dar und positioniert die Dermatologie als innovatives Fach mit einer hochentwickelten Arzneimitteltherapie.
Betreuung der Patientin während eines Notfallkaiserschnittes – Evaluation von Qualitätsmerkmalen aus Patientensicht
Authors: Flentje Markus , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Achenbach Johannes , Eismann Hendrik 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Für die werdende Mutter bedeutet ein Notfallkaiserschnitt eine belastende Situation. Angst um das eigene Leben und um das Leben des Kindes sind ein traumatisches Ereignis, das in der Entwicklung eines posttraumatischen Stress-Syndroms münden kann. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Faktoren und Items zu entwickeln, die die Qualität der Betreuung der werdenden Mutter bei einem Notfallkaiserschnitt beschreiben.
Methodik Die Erarbeitung eines Kriterienkataloges erfolgte über ein 2-stufiges Verfahren mittels web-basierter Fragebögen: nach einer Delphi-Befragung mit Frauen, die einen Notfallkaiserschnitt erlebt haben, wurden die Parameter in einem großen Kollektiv hinsichtlich Relevanz validiert. Anschließend wurden Faktoren identifiziert, die gemeinsame Skalen bildeten.
Ergebnisse Nach Validierung der Ergebnisse der Delphi-Analyse ergeben sich 5 Skalen mit 18 Items. Sie umfassten die Bereiche „Außenwirkung des Teams“, Informationsstand der Mutter“, „Subjektive Bewertung“ „Persönliche Integrität“ und „Nachsorge“. Die Items können 58,2% der Gesamtvarianz aufklären und entsprechen einer stabilen Faktorenlösung (KMO 0,76).
Schlussfolgerungen Erstmals wurde im deutschsprachigen Raum ein Katalog für die Betreuung der werdenden Mutter bei einem Notfallkaiserschnitt entwickelt. Der Katalog kann ergänzend zu dem medizinischen Outcome als Qualitätsmessinstrument genutzt werden. Weitere Arbeiten müssen sich mit der Anwendung des Kataloges in der Praxis und dessen Auswirkungen auf die Patientenversorgung beschäftigen.
Serum Vitamin D Binding Protein Level Associated with Metabolic Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Kuliczkowska-Plaksej Justyna , Pasquali Renato , Milewicz Andrzej , Lwow Felicja , Jedrzejuk Diana , Bolanowski Marek 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objective of the study was to measure the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and assess their relationships with cardiovascular risk factors in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A group of 267 women, aged 20–35 years (24.7 ± 4.9): 167 with PCOS and 100 healthy women were divided according to body mass index. Biochemical and hormonal parameters were measured. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated using the mathematical equations. The percentage of body fat and visceral fat deposit were assessed by DXA. In the normal weight control group total, free, bioavailable 25(OH)D (p<0.001 for all) were significantly higher than in its overweight/obese counterpart, while VDBP levels were comparable. In PCOS women total 25(OH)D (p<0.001), and VDBP (p –0.006) were lower in the overweight/obese subgroups than in the normal weight ones. In both groups serum VDBP levels correlated negatively with serum insulin and positively with sex hormone binding globulin. In PCOS group, in contrast to control group, VDPB was negatively correlated with abdominal fat deposit, BMI, fasting glucose and positively with HDL. Despite lower total 25(OH)D in obese PCOS women, all women with PCOS (lean and obese) had comparable free and bioavailable 25(OH)D, which might be a result of concomitantly lowered serum VDBP levels in obese PCOS women. VDBP might play important role in the regulation of availability of active fractions of 25(OH)D in PCOS women. VDBP seems to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat, and fasting serum insulin in women with PCOS.
Emergence of phytoplankton patchiness at small scales in mild turbulence
Authors: Breier Rebekka E. , Lalescu Cristian C. , Waas Devin , Wilczek Michael , Mazza Marco G. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Recent observations found that swimming phytoplankton species have a patchy spatial distribution down to the millimeter scale in oceans and lakes. This is rather surprising because it goes against the intuitive expectation that the turbulent flow mixes the microorganisms and spreads them rather homogeneously. Here, we identify the relevant scales that rationalize the observation of patchiness. We find that a mild turbulent field can lead to the formation of small dense patches of motile cells when the typical scales of the turbulence roughly match the scales of the interaction among microorganisms, which is mediated by hydrodynamics.
More than just exosomes: distinct Leishmania infantum extracellular products potentiate the establishment of infection
Authors: Pérez‐Cabezas Begoña , Santarém Nuno , Cecílio Pedro , Silva Cátia , Silvestre Ricardo , A. M. Catita José , Cordeiro da Silva Anabela 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe use of secretion pathways for effector molecule delivery by microorganisms is a trademark of pathogenesis. Leishmania extracellular vesicles (EVs) were shown to have significant immunomodulatory potential. Still, they will act in conjunction with other released parasite‐derived products that might modify the EVs effects. Notwithstanding, the immunomodulatory properties of these non‐vesicular components and their influence in the infectious process remains unknown. To address this, we explored both in vitro and in vivo the immunomodulatory potential of promastigotes extracellular material (EXO), obtained as a whole or separated in two different fractions: EVs or vesicle depleted EXO (VDE). Using an air pouch model, we observed that EVs and VDE induced a dose‐dependent cell recruitment profile different from the one obtained with parasites, attracting significantly fewer neutrophils and more dendritic cells (DCs). Additionally, when we co‐inoculated parasites with extracellular products a drop in cell recruitment was observed. Moreover, in vitro, while VDE (but not EVs) downregulated the expression of DCs and macrophages activation markers, both products were able to diminish the responsiveness of these cells to LPS. Finally, the presence of Leishmania infantum extracellular products in the inoculum promoted a dose‐dependent infection potentiation in vivo, highlighting their relevance for the infectious process. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that EVs are not the only relevant players among the parasite exogenous products. This, together with the dose‐dependency observed, opens new avenues to the comprehension of Leishmania infectious process. The approach presented here should be exploited to revisit existing data and considered for future studies in other infection models.
Influence of Replacement Level of Recycled Coarse Aggregate on Fracture Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Wu Kaiyun , Luo Surong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
recycled aggregate concrete made with recycled aggregate was one of the effective ways to reuse the construction and demolition waste. Due to the weak complex interface transition zone of recycled aggregate concrete, the defect had great effect on the bearing capacity and durability of recycled aggregate concrete. The fracture performance of recycled aggregate concrete was studied, which was of great practical significance and engineering value. The wedge splitting test of 200mm × 200mm × 230mm specimens was carried out using the fatigue testing machine (MTS). The elastic modulus of the specimens were measured and calculated by strain gauge and dynamic resistance strain gauge, and the elastic modulus was about 4GPa lower than that of standard test. Based on double-K fracture model of recycled aggregate concrete, the crack initiation fracture toughness and the unstable fracture toughness was obtained. The test results show that the replacement level of recycled aggregate is not obvious to the crack initiation fracture toughness, and the unstable fracture toughness is lower than that of natural concrete. Using the exponential function to fit the tail of the PH-COMD curve of the wedge splitting test, it is found that the fracture energy of the recycled aggregate concrete is not reduced with the increase of the replacement level of the recycled aggregate.
Influence of Metakaolin on Chemical Resistance of Low Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Devi S C , Khan R A , Rautela B S 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The study on cementless concrete is one of the most trending topics in the construction industry. This paper will give an inclusive on the effect of metakaolin on developing a low calcium fly ash (FA) based geopolymer concrete (GPC). Nine mixes were prepared with 30% and 50% replacement of low calcium FA with metakaolin, and molarity (8M, 12M and 16M) of alkaline activator (NaOH). Experiments were conducted on weight loss, residual compressive strength and Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of the GPC mixes. The experimental results indicated that workability of the mixes reduces with increasing percentage of metakaolin in comparison to the controlled GPC mix (100% low calcium FA). The compressive and tensile strength of geopolymer concrete mix with increasing molarity of NaOH solution and 30 - 50% replacement of fly ash with metakaolin was observed to be enhanced by 10 - 12% and 28 - 34% at 28 and 90 days respectively. The acid resistance values in terms of weight loss, compressive strength and quality of the specimens with 50% metakaolin substitution cured in H2SO4 solution for 56 days with different molarity was higher as compare to the control mixes. Thus, presence of metakaolin in the low calcium based GPC helps in resisting the aggressive chemical ingress in the concrete.
Protective Effects of Ghrelin on Fasting-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Aging Mice
Authors: Wu Chia-Shan , Wei Qiong , Wang Hongying , Kim Da Mi , Balderas Miriam , Wu Guoyao , Lawler John , Safe Stephen , Guo Shaodong , Devaraj Sridevi , Chen Zheng , Sun Yuxiang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Sarcopenia is the aging-associated progressive loss of skeletal muscle; however, the pathogenic mechanism of sarcopenia is not clear. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion, increases food intake, and promotes adiposity. Here we showed that fasting-induced muscle loss was exacerbated in old ghrelin-null (Ghrl–/–) mice, exhibiting decreased expression of myogenic regulator MyoD and increased expression of protein degradation marker MuRF1, as well as altered mitochondrial function. Moreover, acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin treatments significantly increased mitochondrial respiration capacity in muscle C2C12 cells. Consistently, acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin treatments effectively increased myogenic genes and decreased degradation genes in the muscle in fasted old Ghrl–/– mice, possibly by stimulating insulin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways. Furthermore, Ghrl–/– mice showed a profile of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota, exhibiting reduced butyrate-producing bacteria Roseburia and ClostridiumXIVb. Collectively, our results showed that ghrelin has a major role in the maintenance of aging muscle via both muscle-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. Acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin enhanced muscle anabolism and exerted protective effects for muscle atrophy. Because unacylated ghrelin is devoid of the obesogenic side effect seen with acylated ghrelin, it represents an attractive therapeutic option for sarcopenia.
Sleep–Wake Disorders
Authors: Rigney Gabrielle , Isaacs Jason , Weiss Shelly , Shea Sarah , Corkum Penny 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Sleep is important for children’s physical, cognitive, and social functioning. The most common sleep disorder contributing to inadequate sleep and daytime impairments in pediatric populations is insomnia. There are both biological and behavioral factors that can contribute to insomnia; therefore, understanding sleep processes, how sleep changes throughout development, and which common behaviors influence sleep is important. Measurement of sleep through both objective and subjective measures plays an important role in the identification, diagnosis, and intervention of insomnia. First-line treatment for insomnia includes psychoeducation, healthy sleep practices, and behavioral and cognitive strategies. Children with special needs are at especially high risk for sleep problems, and treatment of insomnia in these populations should aim to minimize sleep disturbances without increasing other comorbid symptoms. Moving forward, healthcare professionals require access to more comprehensive education on pediatric sleep, and greater public awareness of the importance of sleep and health is needed.
Development and Psychopathology
Authors: Hayden Elizabeth P. , Durbin C. Emily 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The developmental psychopathology perspective, which can be understood as both a conceptual approach and a scientific discipline, aims to integrate the historically distinct domains of child development and psychopathology toward the goal of advancing the understanding of children’s adaptation and maladaptation. This chapter provides an overview of the key concepts and methodologies that characterize the discipline, drawing heavily on seminal early work on the topic; these key concepts and methodologies are integrated with a consideration of current trends and concepts in the field. The current state of the field is summarized and outstanding issues that merit further conceptual consideration and research attention are highlighted.