bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring vitamin D metabolism and function in cancer
Authors: Jeon Sang-Min , Shin Eun-Ae 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVitamin D, traditionally known as an essential nutrient, is a precursor of a potent steroid hormone that regulates a broad spectrum of physiological processes. In addition to its classical roles in bone metabolism, epidemiological, preclinical, and cellular research during the last decades, it revealed that vitamin D may play a key role in the prevention and treatment of many extra-skeletal diseases such as cancer. Vitamin D, as a prohormone, undergoes two-step metabolism in liver and kidney to produce a biologically active metabolite, calcitriol, which binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) for the regulation of expression of diverse genes. In addition, recent studies have revealed that vitamin D can also be metabolized and activated through a CYP11A1-driven non-canonical metabolic pathway. Numerous anticancer properties of vitamin D have been proposed, with diverse effects on cancer development and progression. However, accumulating data suggest that the metabolism and functions of vitamin D are dysregulated in many types of cancer, conferring resistance to the antitumorigenic effects of vitamin D and thereby contributing to the development and progression of cancer. Thus, understanding dysregulated vitamin D metabolism and function in cancer will be critical for the development of promising new strategies for successful vitamin D-based cancer therapy.
How high energy fluxes may affect Rayleigh–Taylor instability growth in young supernova remnants
Authors: Kuranz C. C. , Park H.-S. , Huntington C. M. , Miles A. R. , Remington B. A. , Plewa T. , Trantham M. R. , Robey H. F. , Shvarts D. , Shimony A. , Raman K. , MacLaren S. , Wan W. C. , Doss F. W. , Kline J. , Flippo K. A. , Malamud G. , Handy T. A. , Prisbrey S. , Krauland C. M. , Klein S. R. , Harding E. C. , Wallace R. , Grosskopf M. J. , Marion D. C. , Kalantar D. , Giraldez E. , Drake R. P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEnergy-transport effects can alter the structure that develops as a supernova evolves into a supernova remnant. The Rayleigh–Taylor instability is thought to produce structure at the interface between the stellar ejecta and the circumstellar matter, based on simple models and hydrodynamic simulations. Here we report experimental results from the National Ignition Facility to explore how large energy fluxes, which are present in supernovae, affect this structure. We observed a reduction in Rayleigh–Taylor growth. In analyzing the comparison with supernova SN1993J, a Type II supernova, we found that the energy fluxes produced by heat conduction appear to be larger than the radiative energy fluxes, and large enough to have dramatic consequences. No reported astrophysical simulations have included radiation and heat conduction self-consistently in modeling supernova remnants and these dynamics should be noted in the understanding of young supernova remnants.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino2 mediates priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Humphries Fiachra , Bergin Ronan , Jackson Ruaidhri , Delagic Nezira , Wang Bingwei , Yang Shuo , Dubois Alice V. , Ingram Rebecca J. , Moynagh Paul N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe NLRP3 inflammasome has an important function in inflammation by promoting the processing of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to their mature bioactive forms, and by inducing cell death via pyroptosis. Here we show a critical function of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino2 in facilitating activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Pellino2-deficient mice and myeloid cells have impaired activation of NLRP3 in response to toll-like receptor priming, NLRP3 stimuli and bacterial challenge. These functions of Pellino2 in the NLRP3 pathway are dependent on Pellino2 FHA and RING-like domains, with Pellino2 promoting the ubiquitination of NLRP3 during the priming phase of activation. We also identify a negative function of IRAK1 in the NLRP3 inflammasome, and describe a counter-regulatory relationship between IRAK1 and Pellino2. Our findings reveal a Pellino2-mediated regulatory signaling system that controls activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Author Correction: Harmonic phase in polar liquids and spin ice
Authors: Bramwell Steven T. 
Published: April 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the third sentence of the penultimate paragraph of the ‘Definition of the harmonic phase’ section of the Results, which incorrectly read ‘In the Coulomb phase the tensor S
αβ
(q) has one zero and two degenerate eigenvalues and it may be represented by an infinitely thin disc of radius 3/2 with its axis parallel to q.’ The correct version states ‘$$\sqrt {3/2}$$

3
∕
2

’ in place of ‘3/2.’Similarly, the second sentence in the legend of Fig. 3 originally incorrectly read ‘In the Coulomb phase it is an infinitely thin disc with radius 3/2, but in the harmonic phase it becomes an oblate spheroid, that evolves from the disc in the low-temperature limit towards a unit sphere at high temperature (disc and example spheroid shown overlaid together).’ The correct version states ‘ $$\sqrt {3/2}$$

3
∕
2

’ instead of ‘3/2’.This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Stereoselective photoredox ring-opening polymerization of O-carboxyanhydrides
Authors: Feng Quanyou , Yang Lei , Zhong Yongliang , Guo Dong , Liu Guoliang , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei , Tong Rong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBiodegradable polyesters with various tacticities have been synthesized by means of stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of racemic lactide and β-lactones but with limited side-chain groups. However, stereoselective synthesis of functional polyesters remains challenging from O-carboxyanhydrides that have abundant pendant side-chain functional groups. Herein we report a powerful strategy to synthesize stereoblock polyesters by stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of racemic O-carboxyanhydrides with the use of photoredox Ni/Ir catalysts and a selected Zn complex with an achiral ligand. The obtained stereoblock copolymers are highly isotactic with high molecular weights ( > 70 kDa) and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.1), and they display distinct melting temperatures that are similar to their stereocomplex counterparts. Furthermore, in one-pot photoredox copolymerization of two different O-carboxyanhydrides, the use of such Zn complex mediates kinetic resolution of the comonomers during enchainment and shows a chirality preference that allows for the synthesis of gradient copolymers.
Culturing of female bladder bacteria reveals an interconnected urogenital microbiota
Authors: Thomas-White Krystal , Forster Samuel C. , Kumar Nitin , Van Kuiken Michelle , Putonti Catherine , Stares Mark D. , Hilt Evann E. , Price Travis K. , Wolfe Alan J. , Lawley Trevor D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMetagenomic analyses have indicated that the female bladder harbors an indigenous microbiota. However, there are few cultured reference strains with sequenced genomes available for functional and experimental analyses. Here we isolate and genome-sequence 149 bacterial strains from catheterized urine of 77 women. This culture collection spans 78 species, representing approximately two thirds of the bacterial diversity within the sampled bladders, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Detailed genomic and functional comparison of the bladder microbiota to the gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiotas demonstrates similar vaginal and bladder microbiota, with functional capacities that are distinct from those observed in the gastrointestinal microbiota. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of bacterial strains isolated from the vagina and bladder in the same women identifies highly similar Escherichia coli, Streptococcus anginosus, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus crispatus, suggesting an interlinked female urogenital microbiota that is not only limited to pathogens but is also characteristic of health-associated commensals.
Oriented Polyaniline Nanowire Arrays Grown on Dendrimer (PAMAM) Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials
Authors: Jin Lin , Jiang Yu , Zhang Mengjie , Li Honglong , Xiao Linghan , Li Ming , Ao Yuhui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAt present, PANI/MWNT composites have been paid more attention as promising electrode materials in supercapacitors. Yet some shortcomings still limit the widely application of PANI/MWNT electrolytes. In this work, in order to improve capacitance ability and long-term stability of electrode, a multi-amino dendrimer (PAMAM) had been covalently linked onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as a bridge to facilitating covalent graft of polyaniline (PANI), affording P-MWNT/PANI electrode composites for supercapacitor. Surprisingly, ordered arrays of PANI nanowires on MWNT (setaria-like morphology) had been observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical properties of P-MWNT/PANI electrode had been characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge technique. The specific capacitance and long cycle life of P-MWNT-PANI electrode material were both much higher than MWNT/PANI. These interesting results indicate that multi-amino dendrimer, PAMAM, covalently linked on MWNT provides more reaction sites for in-situ polymerization of ordered PANI, which could efficiently shorten the ion diffusion length in electrolytes and lead to making fully use of conducting materials.
In vitro Cortical Network Firing is Homeostatically Regulated: A Model for Sleep Regulation
Authors: Saberi-Moghadam Sohrab , Simi Alessandro , Setareh Hesam , Mikhail Cyril , Tafti Mehdi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractProlonged wakefulness leads to a homeostatic response manifested in increased amplitude and number of electroencephalogram (EEG) slow waves during recovery sleep. Cortical networks show a slow oscillation when the excitatory inputs are reduced (during slow wave sleep, anesthesia), or absent (in vitro preparations). It was recently shown that a homeostatic response to electrical stimulation can be induced in cortical cultures. Here we used cortical cultures grown on microelectrode arrays and stimulated them with a cocktail of waking neuromodulators. We found that recovery from stimulation resulted in a dose-dependent homeostatic response. Specifically, the inter-burst intervals decreased, the burst duration increased, the network showed higher cross-correlation and strong phasic synchronized burst activity. Spectral power below <1.75 Hz significantly increased and the increase was related to steeper slopes of bursts. Computer simulation suggested that a small number of clustered neurons could potently drive the behavior of the network both at baseline and during recovery. Thus, this in vitro model appears valuable for dissecting network mechanisms of sleep homeostasis.
Distinct magnetic field dependence of Néel skyrmion sizes in ultrathin nanodots
Authors: Tejo F. , Riveros A. , Escrig J. , Guslienko K. Y. , Chubykalo-Fesenko O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe investigate the dependence of the Néel skyrmion size and stability on perpendicular magnetic field in ultrathin circular magnetic dots with out-of-plane anisotropy and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange interaction. Our results show the existence of two distinct dependencies of the skyrmion radius on the applied field and dot size. In the case of skyrmions stable at zero field, their radius strongly increases with the field applied parallel to the skyrmion core until skyrmion reaches the metastability region and this dependence slows down. More common metastable skyrmions demonstrate a weaker increase of their size as a function of the field until some critical field value at which these skyrmions drastically increase in size showing a hysteretic behavior with coexistence of small and large radius skyrmions and small energy barriers between them. The first case is also characterized by a strong dependence of the skyrmion radius on the dot diameter, while in the second case this dependence is very weak.
Emergence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium at an Australian Hospital: A Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Leong Kelvin W. C. , Cooley Louise A. , Anderson Tara L. , Gautam Sanjay S. , McEwan Belinda , Wells Anne , Wilson Fiona , Hughson Lucy , O’Toole Ronan F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn 2015, a marked increase in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) isolation was detected at the Royal Hobart Hospital, Australia. The primary objective of this work was to examine the dynamics of VREfm transmission using whole genome data mapped to public health surveillance information. Screening and clinical isolates of VREfm from patients were typed for the specific vancomycin-resistance locus present. Of total isolates collected from 2014–2016 (n = 222), 15.3% and 84.7% harboured either the vanA or the vanB vancomycin-resistance locus, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing of 80 isolates was performed in conjunction with single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) analysis and in silico multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Among the isolates sequenced, 5 phylogenetic clades were identified. The largest vanB clade belonged to MLST sequence type ST796 and contained clinical isolates from VREfm infections that clustered closely with isolates from colonised patients. Correlation of VREfm genotypes with spatio-temporal patient movements detected potential points of transmission within the hospital. ST80 emerged as the major vanA sequence type for which the most likely index case of a patient cluster was ascertained from SNP analyses. This work has identified the dominant clones associated with increased VREfm prevalence in a healthcare setting, and their likely direction of transmission.
Analysis of population structures of the microalga Acutodesmus obliquus during lipid production using multi-dimensional single-cell analysis
Authors: Sandmann Michael , Schafberg Michaela , Lippold Martin , Rohn Sascha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMicroalgae bear a great potential to produce lipids for biodiesel, feed, or even food applications. To understand the still not well-known single-cell dynamics during lipid production in microalgae, a novel single-cell analytical technology was applied to study a well-established model experiment. Multidimensional single-cell dynamics were investigated with a non-supervised image analysis technique that utilizes data from epi-fluorescence microscopy. Reliability of this technique was successfully proven via reference analysis. The technique developed was used to determine cell size, chlorophyll amount, neutral lipid amount, and deriving properties on a single-cellular level in cultures of the biotechnologically promising alga Acutodesmus obliquus. The results illustrated a high correlation between cell size and chlorophyll amount, but a very low and dynamic correlation between cell size, lipid amount, and lipid density. During growth conditions under nitrogen starvation, cells with low chlorophyll content tend to start the lipid production first and the cell suspension differentiated in two subpopulations with significantly different lipid contents. Such quantitative characterization of single-cell dynamics of lipid synthesizing algae was done for the first time and the potential of such simple technology is highly relevant to other biotechnological applications and to deeper investigate the process of microalgal lipid accumulation.
Discordance in glycemic categories and regression to normality at baseline in 10,000 people in a Type 2 diabetes prevention trial
Authors: Sampson Mike , Elwell-Sutton Tim , Bachmann Max O. , Clark Allan , Dhatariya Ketan K. , Ferns Clare , Howe Amanda , John W. Garry , Rayman Gerry , Swafe Leyla , Turner Jeremy , Pascale Melanie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe world diabetes population quadrupled between 1980 and 2014 to 422 million and the enormous impact of Type 2 diabetes is recognised by the recent creation of national Type 2 diabetes prevention programmes. There is uncertainty about how to correctly risk stratify people for entry into prevention programmes, how combinations of multiple ‘at high risk’ glycemic categories predict outcome, and how the large recently defined ‘at risk’ population based on an elevated glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) should be managed. We identified all 141,973 people at highest risk of diabetes in our population, and screened 10,000 of these with paired fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c for randomisation into a very large Type 2 diabetes prevention trial. Baseline discordance rate between highest risk categories was 45.6%, and 21.3–37.0% of highest risk glycaemic categories regressed to normality between paired baseline measurements (median 40 days apart). Accurate risk stratification using both fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c data, the use of paired baseline data, and awareness of diagnostic imprecision at diagnostic thresholds would avoid substantial overestimation of the true risk of Type 2 diabetes and the potential benefits (or otherwise) of intervention, in high risk subjects entering prevention trials and programmes.
Ultrasound-Activated Piezoelectric Nanoparticles Inhibit Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Marino Attilio , Battaglini Matteo , De Pasquale Daniele , Degl’Innocenti Andrea , Ciofani Gianni 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA nanotechnology-based approach for the inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation is proposed. The innovative solution consists in a platform based on biocompatible piezoelectric nanoparticles able to target and remotely stimulate HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effects of the ultrasound-driven piezoelectric nanoparticle-assisted stimulation significantly reduced the proliferation by inducing the cell cycle arrest. Similarly to a low-intensity alternating electric field, chronic piezoelectric stimulation resulted able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by upregulating the expression of the gene encoding Kir3.2 inward rectifier potassium channels, by interfering on Ca2+ homeostasis, and by affecting the organization of mitotic spindles during mitosis. The proposed platform, even if specific for HER2-positive cells, shows huge potential and versatility for the treatment of different type of cancers.
Empowering the digital therapeutic relationship: virtual clinics for digital health interventions
Authors: Torous John , Hsin Honor 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs “digital phenotyping” and monitoring technologies begin to unleash the potential of data insights for mental health care, we propose here a complementary concept of the “digital therapeutic relationship” to unleash the power of the patient-provider alliance in clinical care. In millions of clinics today, care decisions are made on a daily basis in the context of a relationship honed through professional training to be respectful, protective, and empowering of patients. Now as clinical care evolves toward online and especially mobile platforms, it is critical to not ignore the digital therapeutic relationship and instead to realize that supporting it will require new and innovative means of care delivery. Here, we propose that technology can be harnessed to facilitate, augment, and expand these relationships directly, and identify virtual clinics as the currently missing but necessary environment to unleash the true potential of digital medicine.
Porous amorphous silicon film anodes for high-capacity and stable all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Sakabe Junichi , Ohta Narumi , Ohnishi Tsuyoshi , Mitsuishi Kazutaka , Takada Kazunori 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOwing to its high theoretical capacity of ~4200 mAh g−1 and low electrode potential (<0.35 V vs. Li+/Li), utilising silicon as anode material can boost the energy density of rechargeable lithium batteries. Nevertheless, the volume change (~300%) in silicon during lithiation/delithiation makes stable cycling challenging. Since some of the capacity fading mechanisms do not function in solid electrolytes, silicon anodes exhibit better cycling performance in solid electrolytes than liquids. Nonetheless, capacity can fade rapidly because of the difficulties in maintaining mechanical integrity in thick/bulky electrodes, especially when high active material loading is employed to deliver practically useful areal capacity. By contrast, silicon nanostructures can relieve deformation-induced stress and enhance cycling performance. Here we report enhanced cycling performances achieved using nanostructured silicon films and inorganic solid electrolyte and show that amorphous porous silicon films maintain high capacity upon cycling (2962 mAh g−1 and 2.19 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles).
Investigation on preparation and formation mechanism of copper antimony sulphide particles by microwave irradiation
Authors: Wang Wei , Hao Lingyun , Zhi Guowei , Lin Qing , Tang Zhengxia 
Published: April 2018

In this work, copper antimony sulphide (CuSbS2) particles were synthesised by a microwave irradiation method. The effects of Cu/Sb ratio in the precursor solution and microwave irradiation power on properties of CuSbS2 particles were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the sphere‐like CuSbS2 particles with single phase and stoichiometric composition was synthesised at 400 W for 4 min first and then 240 W for 6 min, when the ratio of Cu/Sb was 1:2. The formation mechanism of CuSbS2 particles was also investigated through evaluation of as‐prepared particles with different reaction time.
Insulintherapie im Alter – eine qualitative Versorgungsstudie
Authors: Grundke Susanne , Klement Andreas 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Herausforderungen Eine effektive Verzahnung der Kooperation von Versorgungsebenen und Leistungserbringern hat zentrale Bedeutung für niedrige Hospitalisierungsraten sowie bedarfsgerechte medizinische und pflegerische Versorgung älterer insulinpflichtiger Typ-2-Diabetiker.1 Die zentralen Herausforderungen der berufsgruppenübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit bestehen darin, die Insulintherapie nicht nur an Stoffwechselzielen zu orientieren, sondern ebenso die Patientensicherheit, ökonomische Effizienz und individuelle Lebensqualitätsvorstellungen von Patienten und deren Angehörigen zu berücksichtigen. 1–3