bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Three Hundred Project: The Influence of Environment on Simulated Galaxy Properties
Authors: Wang Yang , Pearce Frazer , Knebe Alexander , Yepes Gustavo , Cui Weiguang , Power Chris , Arth Alexander , Gottlöber Stefan , Petris Marco De , Brown Shaun , Feng Longlong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The relationship between galaxy properties and environment is a widely discussed topic within astrophysics. Here, we use galaxy samples from hydrodynamical resimulations to examine this relationship. We use the overdensity (δ
1) within a

sphere around a galaxy to evaluate its environment. Then, the relations between galaxy properties, such as specific star formation rate (sSFR), fraction of star-forming galaxies, g − r color, and δ
1 are examined within three galactic samples formed from galaxies within large clusters, those in the vicinity of large clusters, and those in the field. We find tight environmental correlations for these galaxy properties. In brief, galaxies in denser environments tend to be redder and are more likely to be quenched; this is consistent with observations. We find that although the sSFR decreases with δ
1, this is mainly because galaxies with higher stellar mass reside in an environment with higher overdensity. At fixed overdensity, a galaxy’s color is also independent of whether it lives within a cluster or within the field, but the relative fractions of the two samples varies dramatically with overdensity, and this drives an apparent evolution.
Evolution of the Dust Composition in Damped Lyα Systems
Authors: Vladilo Giovanni , Gioannini Lorenzo , Matteucci Francesca , Palla Marco 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present a method for estimating the relative abundances of refractory elements in the interstellar dust of galaxies hosting damped Lyα (DLA) systems. The method requires gas-phase column densities of volatile and refractory elements, obtained from absorption-line spectroscopy, and interstellar abundances of the same elements, predicted by chemical evolution models of DLA galaxies. We applied this method to the sample of DLA systems with measurements of Mg, Si, S, Fe, and Zn column densities. We find that the dust abundance ratios (Si/Fe)d and (Mg/Fe)d decrease by almost two orders of magnitude in the metallicity range between ≃1/100 solar to roughly solar. This decrease is stronger than the well-known decline of α/Fe ratios with metallicity observed in metal-poor stars and galaxies, suggesting the existence of metallicity-dependent mechanisms of dust production. To cast light on these mechanisms we investigated the contributions of different stellar sources and interstellar processes to the galactic cycle of dust. We find that Type II SNe are important contributors to the dust composition at low metallicity ([Fe/H] < −0.6), whereas dust accretion in the interstellar medium appears to be important at higher metallicities, leading to a gradual rise of iron-rich particles, possibly in metal form. To further investigate the nature of the dust, we introduced an idealized model of dust grains based on a mixture of silicates (pyroxenes and olivines) and an iron-rich constituent. The model reproduces the evolutionary trends and suggests that olivines are dominant in silicates, in line with other studies of interstellar dust composition.
Constraints on the Duty Cycles of Quasars at z ∼ 6
Authors: Chen Huanqing , Gnedin Nickolay Y. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We study the mass of quasar-hosting dark matter halos at z ∼ 6 and further constrain the fraction of dark matter halos hosting active quasars f
on and the quasar opening angle i
max using observations of C ii lines in the literature. We make assumptions that (1) on average more massive halos host quasars with higher peak brightness, (2) cold gas in galaxies has rotational velocity V
circ = αV
max, where V
max is the maximum circular velocity of dark matter particles obtained from DM-only simulation and α ∼ 1 is a free parameter, (3) a fraction f
on of the halos host active quasars with a certain opening angle i
max, and that (4) quasars point randomly on the sky. We find that for a choice of specific α ≳ 1, the most likely solution has f
on < 0.01, corresponding to a small duty cycle of quasar activity. We also apply a bounded flat prior on α and marginalize over it, and we find the most likely f
on shift to 1 as the upper-boundary of α decreases below 1. Overall, our constraints are highly sensitive to α and hence inconclusive. Stronger constraints on f
on can be made if we better understand the dynamics of cold gas in these galaxies.
Dynamical Effects in the Observed Rate of Change of the Orbital and the Spin Periods of Radio Pulsars: Improvement in the Method of Estimation and Its Implications
Authors: Pathak Dhruv , Bagchi Manjari 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The observed values of the rate of change of the orbital and the spin periods of pulsars are affected by different dynamical effects, for example, the line-of-sight acceleration and the proper motion of the pulsar relative to the Sun. We explore these dynamical effects thoroughly and point out the drawbacks of popular methods. We introduce a package, “GalDynPsr,” that evaluates different dynamical effects following both traditional and improved methods based on the model of the Galactic potential provided in a publicly available package called “galpy.” We argue that the improved methods introduced in this paper should be used for pulsars located 1 kpc or farther away from the solar system, especially when precise values of the rate of change of the periods are required, e.g., while placing limits on alternative theories of gravity, calculating the spin-down limit of the continuous gravitational waves emitted from a rotationally deformed neutron star, understanding pulsar “death-line,” etc. GalDynPsr is available online and open for contributions.
The Mediation of Collisionless Oblique Magnetized Shocks by Energetic Particles
Authors: Mostafavi P. , Zank G. P. , Webb G. M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Numerous spacecraft observations reveal that many heliospheric shocks are significantly affected by the presence of energetic particles such as solar energetic particles, pickup ions (PUIs), and anomalous cosmic rays. Examples include recent observations by the New Horizon spacecraft that show that the PUI pressure is larger than the thermal solar wind pressure in the solar wind. Voyager 2 observations of the heliospheric termination shock (HTS) show that it is completely mediated by suprathermal PUIs, and that the dissipation process at the HTS is not due to the thermal solar wind protons but to PUIs. We introduce a plasma model to study the structure of collisionless oblique magnetized shocks mediated by suprathermal energetic particles. We show that the incorporation of both collisionless heat flux and viscosity associated with energetic particles can completely determine the structure of collisionless oblique shocks for all angles except θ = 54.°7. The limitation at this angle is technical and comes in part from the assumed simplified form of the viscosity coefficient. In modeling the HTS, we show that PUIs are heated much more than the thermal gas through the HTS transition, and thus the HTS is mediated by PUIs. We study different values of the HTS obliquity and find that a parallel HTS heats PUIs more compared to the background thermal gas than it does at a perpendicular HTS.
Pharmacological correction of metabolic disorders in experimental acute pancreatitis on the background of chronic alcohol intoxication
Authors: Bushmina Olga N. , Dolgareva Svetlana A. , Konoplya Alexander I. , Loktionov Alexey L. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Acute pancreatitis and pre-existing diseases (chronic alcohol intoxication) are challenging issues of modern surgery in terms of frequency of deaths and the number of complications.
Objective. To identify the best combination of immunomodulators, antioxidants and hepatoprotectors to correct immunometabolic disorders in acute destructive pancreatitis on the background of chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI).
Materials and methods. Studies were conducted on 377 healthy adult Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g. Alcohol intoxication was modeled by forced intragastric administration of a 20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 ml/kg or 2.92 g/kg at 24 hours for 5 days, 30 days (CAI-30) or 60 days (CAI-60). Acute destructive pancreatitis (ADP) was modeled after R.N. Wang et al. (1995), modified by S.A. Alekhin et al. (2006). The efficacy of combining Hepon (5 mg/kg, orally, at 24 hours, No. 14), Hypoxen (750 mg/kg, orally, at 24 hours, No. 14), Phosphogliv (800 mg/kg, orally, at 24 hours, No. 14), Glutoxim (20 mg/kg, intramuscularly, at 24 hours, No. 5), Mexidol (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, at 24 hours, No. 14) and Heptral (760 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, at 24 hours , No. 5) was examined in animals with ADP on the background of CAI-30 and CAI-60.
Results and discussion. Different degrees of ethanol intoxication depending on time leads to the development of an impaired capacity of hepatocytes, as well as immune and metabolic disorders. The administration of Phosphogliv, Hypoxen and Hepon in case of CAI-30+ADP normalizes 12.1% and corrects 60.6% of the changed values. The combination of Heptral, Glutoxim and Mexidol normalizes 57.8% and corrects 42.4% of the values. In case of CAI-60+ADP, Phosphogliv, Hypoxen and Hepon normalizes 11.8% and corrects 38.2% of the values. The combination of Heptral, Glutoxim and Mexidol normalizes 17.6% and corrects 67.6% of the values, respectively.
Conclusion. In case of ADP along with CAI-30 and CAI-60, the combination of Heptral, Glutoxim and Mexidol is more preferable than that of Phosphogliv, Hypoxen and Hepon.
Les apories de la lutte contre les fake news
Authors: Innerarity Daniel , Champeau Serge 
Published: November 2018

La parole politique est moins marquée par sa vérité ou son objectivité que par son caractère rhétorique : elle offre des interprétations en conflit et suscite des passions contradictoires. De ce point de vue, il ne faut pas céder à la tentation de réglementer sur les fake news , parce que cela accorderait trop de pouvoir aux administrateurs de la vérité et saperait le débat démocratique.
Internet ou le pluralisme radical
Authors: Badouard Romain , Bujon Anne-Lorraine 
Published: November 2018

Internet a engendré une profusion des prises de parole publique qui a trois conséquences majeures : le pouvoir de filtrage de l’information, autrefois dévolu aux journalistes, revient désormais aux moteurs de recherche et aux réseaux sociaux ; la notoriété se substitue à l’autorité ; la frontière entre vie publique et privée tombe. Les plateformes en ligne favorisent un enfermement idéologique et une plus grande brutalité des échanges. La régulation se fait en toute opacité, avec à la fois un risque de privatisation de la censure et un risque que les architectures de surveillance se retrouvent à la disposition de régimes autoritaires.
L’enseignant en porte-à-faux
Authors: Léger Nicolas 
Published: November 2018

Les élèves et les enseignants sont confrontés à une profusion d’informations au sein de laquelle ils doivent distinguer le vrai du faux. L’enseignant se retrouve dans une situation inconfortable de fact-checking : son discours est soit relativisé comme une position parmi d’autres, soit objet d’un soupçon lié à sa position sociale. Pourtant, le défi des élèves témoigne d’une quête de sens et fournit l’occasion de construire du commun.
Violence conjugale et intervention féministe au Québec – les défis d’une pratique subversive dans un contexte de politiques néolibérales
Authors: Flynn Catherine , Couturier Pénélope , Gagnon Charlotte , Maheu Josiane , Fedida Gaëlle , Lafortune Louise , Monastesse Manon , Cousineau Marie-Marthe 
Published: November 2018

Cet article propose une analyse des défis auxquels se confronte l’intervention féministe dans le champ de la violence conjugale, dans un contexte dominé par des politiques publiques néolibérales. Neuf focus groups ont été réalisés dans trois régions du Québec auprès de 32 intervenantes ayant recours à l’approche féministe en milieu communautaire et de 22 intervenant·e·s œuvrant dans des ressources institutionnelles et sociojudiciaires. L’analyse de contenu thématique a permis d’identifier cinq grand défis que les intervenantes féministes s’engagent à surmonter : 1) Défendre le fait que la violence conjugale est le produit de rapports de pouvoir asymétriques entre les hommes et les femmes ; 2) Déconstruire le double standard dans les réponses apportées aux comportements violents perpétrés par les femmes versus par les hommes ; 3) Définir et justifier l’intervention féministe ; 4) Faire face aux contraintes pour mettre en action les principes de l’intervention féministe ; 5) Dénoncer et lutter contre les politiques d’austérité. L’exemple des défis illustrés dans cet article montre comment le néolibéralisme et le patriarcat se nourrissent et s’enrichissent mutuellement pour étioler la légitimité et la portée de cette pratique sociale, subversive parce qu’elle critique et ébranle les fondements de ces systèmes.
Le Médiateur européen héraut de la transparence
Authors: Michel Hélène 
Published: November 2018

Le Médiateur européen, institution créée en 1992 pour garantir aux citoyens un droit à une bonne administration, est aujourd’hui connu pour ses actions en faveur de la transparence au sein de l’Union européenne. Pourtant, cette association entre Médiateur et transparence ne va pas de soi, surtout si la transparence est réduite à la publicité. À la différence des histoires institutionnelles et des témoignages des Médiateurs, cet article adopte une démarche de sociologie politique des institutions pour expliquer comment des mobilisations politiques et administratives ont rendu possible cette identification entre un rôle institutionnel et une norme de « bon » gouvernement.
Les dispositifs de transparence entre instruments de gouvernement et « machines à scandales »
Authors: Robert Cécile 
Published: November 2018

Depuis une quinzaine d’années, la politique européenne de transparence s’est principalement traduite par la provision de données concernant les processus décisionnels européens et les acteurs qui y contribuent. Présentés comme un moyen de rétablir la confiance des citoyens dans l’UE, ils sont aussi investis par les ONG pro-transparence comme une façon d’attirer l’attention sur les dysfonctionnements de l’UE. Soulignant l’ambivalence de la transparence comme mot d’ordre, l’analyse des dispositifs socio-techniques de fabrique et publicisation de ces données (et les négociations dont ils sont l’enjeu) permet également d’explorer différentes facettes du gouvernement par la transparence. Dans cette perspective, l’article observe d’abord comment ces dispositifs et données façonnent les représentations des phénomènes – « la société civile organisée » et sa place dans le policy-making européen – dont elles sont censées rendre compte. Il montre ensuite comment ils ont été le vecteur de l’enrôlement des acteurs cibles de cette politique et en particulier des plus critiques. Il revient enfin sur les usages des données qu’ils rendent – ou non – possibles, tant comme instrument de plaidoyer que comme ressource professionnelle pour les lobbyistes.
Elucidating real-world vehicle emission factors from mobile measurements over a large metropolitan region: a focus on isocyanic acid, hydrogen cyanide, and black carbon
Authors: Wren Sumi N. , Liggio John , Han Yuemei , Hayden Katherine , Lu Gang , Mihele Cris M. , Mittermeier Richard L. , Stroud Craig , Wentzell Jeremy J. B. , Brook Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. A mobile laboratory equipped with state-of-the-art gaseous and particulate
instrumentation was deployed across the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) during two
seasons. A high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS)
measured isocyanic acid (HNCO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and a
high-sensitivity laser-induced incandescence (HS-LII) instrument measured
black carbon (BC). Results indicate that on-road vehicles are a clear source
of HNCO and HCN and that their impact is more pronounced in the winter, when
influences from biomass burning (BB) and secondary photochemistry are weakest.
Plume-based and time-based algorithms were developed to calculate
fleet-average vehicle emission factors (EFs); the algorithms were found to
yield comparable results, depending on the pollutant identity. With respect
to literature EFs for benzene, toluene, C2 benzene (sum of m-, p-, and o-xylenes and
ethylbenzene), nitrogen oxides, particle number concentration (PN), and black
carbon, the calculated EFs were characteristic of a relatively clean vehicle
fleet dominated by light-duty vehicles (LDV). Our fleet-average EF for BC (median:
25 mg kgfuel-1; interquartile range, IQR:
10–76 mg kgfuel-1) suggests that overall vehicular
emissions of BC have decreased over time. However, the distribution of EFs
indicates that a small proportion of high-emitters continue to contribute
disproportionately to total BC emissions. We report the first fleet-average
EF for HNCO (median: 2.3 mg kgfuel-1, IQR:
1.4–4.2 mg kgfuel-1) and HCN (median:
0.52 mg kgfuel-1, IQR:
0.32–0.88 mg kgfuel-1). The distribution of the estimated
EFs provides insight into the real-world variability of HNCO and HCN
emissions and constrains the wide range of literature EFs obtained from
prior dynamometer studies. The impact of vehicle emissions on urban HNCO
levels can be expected to be further enhanced if secondary HNCO formation
from vehicle exhaust is considered.
Solar wind and kinetic heliophysics
Authors: Marsch Eckart 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This paper reviews recent aspects of solar wind physics and elucidates the
role Alfvén waves play in solar wind acceleration and turbulence, which
prevail in the low corona and inner heliosphere. Our understanding of the
solar wind has made considerable progress based on remote sensing, in situ
measurements, kinetic simulation and fluid modeling. Further insights are
expected from such missions as the Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter. The sources of the solar wind have been identified in the chromospheric
network, transition region and corona of the Sun. Alfvén waves excited by
reconnection in the network contribute to the driving of turbulence and
plasma flows in funnels and coronal holes. The dynamic solar magnetic field
causes solar wind variations over the solar cycle. Fast and slow solar wind
streams, as well as transient coronal mass ejections, are generated by the
Sun's magnetic activity. Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence originates at the Sun and evolves into
interplanetary space. The major Alfvén waves and minor magnetosonic waves,
with an admixture of pressure-balanced structures at various scales,
constitute heliophysical turbulence. Its spectra evolve radially and develop
anisotropies. Numerical simulations of turbulence spectra have reproduced key
observational features. Collisionless dissipation of fluctuations remains a
subject of intense research. Detailed measurements of particle velocity distributions have revealed
non-Maxwellian electrons, strongly anisotropic protons and heavy ion beams.
Besides macroscopic forces in the heliosphere, local wave–particle
interactions shape the distribution functions. They can be described by the
Boltzmann–Vlasov equation including collisions and waves. Kinetic simulations
permit us to better understand the combined evolution of particles and waves
in the heliosphere.
Evaluating the timing and structure of the 4.2 ka event in the Indian summer monsoon domain from an annually resolved speleothem record from Northeast India
Authors: Kathayat Gayatri , Cheng Hai , Sinha Ashish , Berkelhammer Max , Zhang Haiwei , Duan Pengzhen , Li Hanying , Li Xianglei , Ning Youfeng , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. A large array of proxy records
suggests that the “4.2 ka event” marks an approximately
300-year long period (∼3.9 to 4.2 ka) of
major climate change across the globe. However, the climatic manifestation of
this event, including its onset, duration, and termination, remains less
clear in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) domain. Here, we present new oxygen
isotope (δ18O) data from a pair of speleothems (ML.1 and ML.2)
from Mawmluh Cave, Meghalaya, India, that provide a high-resolution record of
ISM variability during a period (∼3.78 and 4.44 ka) that fully
encompasses the 4.2 ka event. The sub-annually to annually resolved ML.1
δ18O record is constrained by 18 230Th dates with an
average dating error of ±13 years (2σ) and a resolution of ∼40 years, which allows us to characterize the ISM variability with
unprecedented detail. The inferred pattern of ISM variability during the
period contemporaneous with the 4.2 ka event shares broad similarities and
key differences with the previous reconstructions of ISM from the Mawmluh
Cave and other proxy records from the region. Our data suggest that the ISM
intensity, in the context of the length of our record, abruptly decreased at
∼4.0 ka (∼±13 years), marking the onset of a multi-centennial
period of relatively reduced ISM, which was punctuated by at least two
multi-decadal droughts between ∼3.9 and 4.0 ka. The latter stands out
in contrast with some previous proxy reconstructions of the ISM, in which the
4.2 ka event has been depicted as a singular multi-centennial drought.
Measuring subaqueous progradation of the Wax Lake Delta with a model of flow direction divergence
Authors: Shaw John B. , Estep Justin D. , Whaling Amanda R. , Sanks Kelly M. , Edmonds Douglas A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Remotely sensed flow patterns can reveal the location of
the subaqueous distal tip of a distributary channel on a prograding river
delta. Morphodynamic feedbacks produce distributary channels that become
shallower over their final reaches before the unchannelized foreset slopes
basinward. The flow direction field over this morphology tends to diverge
and then converge, providing a diagnostic signature that can be captured in
flow or remote sensing data. A total of 21 measurements from the Wax Lake Delta
(WLD) in coastal Louisiana and 317 measurements from numerically simulated
deltas show that the transition from divergence to convergence occurs in a
distribution that is centered just downstream of the channel tip, on average
132 m in the case of the WLD. These data validate an inverse model for
remotely estimating subaqueous channel tip location. We apply this model to
33 images of the WLD between its initiation in 1974 and 2016. We find that
six
of the primary channels grew at rates of 60–80 m yr−1, while the remaining
channel grew at 116 m yr−1. We also show that the subaqueous delta planform
grew at a constant rate (1.72 km2 yr−1). Subaerial land area initially
grew at the same rate but slowed after about 1999. We explain this behavior
as a gradual decoupling of channel tip progradation and island aggradation
that may be common in maturing deltas.