bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content of Zn, Cd and Pb in purple moor-grass in soils heavily contaminated with heavy metals around a zinc and lead ore tailing landfill
Authors: Pietrzykowski Marcin , Antonkiewicz Jacek , Gruba Piotr , Pająk Marek 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper presents concentrations and correlations between Zn, Cd and Pb in the aboveground parts of purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea L.) in forest soils heavily contaminated with heavy metals around a zinc and lead ore tailing landfill at Mining & Metallurgy Enterprise “Bolesław” SA in Bukowno. Field observations have indicated that purple moor-grass, which occurs as one of the few vascular plants in locations with tailing mud, is probably a species with high adaptability to conditions in contaminated environments. The research was carried out in a network of 20 regular monitoring sites. At these sites, a detailed inventory of purple moor-grass was carried out and samples of the aboveground parts of the plants were collected from the leaves and ears and from the soil at a depth of 0-20 cm. It was found that there was no significant correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in the soils and aboveground parts of the plants in the most heavily contaminated zones. This may indicate the existence of mechanisms limiting uptake of heavy metals by this species, and therefore the need for further research in the context of its suitability for biological regeneration of tailing landfills and phytosanitary protection of adjoining areas.
Oil-in-water emulsion of a heterocyclic adduct as a novel inhibitor of API X52 steel corrosion in acidic solution
Authors: Farag Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, an addition reaction occurred between epoxidized soybean oil and 4-(dimethylamino)benzenethiol to produce a thiol adduct (TA). The produced TA had been emulsified using a nonionic emulsifier blend (Tween 20, Span 20, and Span 80) to be a water-miscible emulsified thiol adduct (ETA). The ETA emulsion was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for API X52 carbon steel in 1mHCl using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The surface morphologies of the carbon steel were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray. The effect of temperature was investigated. It was found that the emulsified adduct behaves as an excellent corrosion inhibitor with high inhibition efficiency of 94.7% with 0.005mconcentration. The polarization data indicate that the emulsified adduct acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. The adsorption of the emulsified adduct on the carbon steel surface has been found to follow the Langmuir isotherm.
Urea nitrate catalyzed synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles using the grindstone technique
Authors: Gandhi Divyani , Agarwal Shikha 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
An efficient, green and environmentally friendly grindstone method for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives in the presence of urea nitrate as the catalyst under solvent-free conditions was developed. All products were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral methods.
Legal Privilege and Third Party Disclosure: A Comparative Analysis of UK and the US Rules
Authors: Akhtar Zia 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The rules of evidence in common law courts rely on the weight of evidence that is deduced by the court based on its admissibility and credibility. This is subject to the evidence that has been disclosed by the client to their lawyer either before or after the litigation is commenced in court. The availability of legal professional privilege is a substantive legal right (not a procedural rule) and it enables a person to refuse to disclose certain documents in a wide range of situations. There can be no adverse inference that can be drawn from a valid assertion of legal professional privilege on evidential grounds by the court. Under English law, privilege applies to the advice given by external lawyers and in-house lawyers (acting in their capacity as lawyers) in the case or in contemplation of litigation. Privilege in the US is broader than in the UK and may vary over time and according to locations/context but a privileged communication under UK law may not be privileged in the US. The Attorney-client confidentiality and work-product doctrine are the most common US types of privilege and this will protect investigation material if its primary purpose is to provide information to obtain a legal advice (i. e. if it is not for a business purpose). The research question in this paper is to what extent internal investigations need to be disclosed where the client confidentiality is not applicable and the court orders disclosure. It compares the framework under which privilege can be exercised, and how in the US a different interpretation allows greater margin for client confidentiality when investigations include another party if documents are compiled in contemplation of legal proceedings.
Non-Archimedean hyperstability of Cauchy–Jensen functional equations on a restricted domain
Authors: EL-Fassi Iz-iddine 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Let X be a normed space,

U
⊂

X
∖

{
0
}

{U\subset X\setminus\{0\}}

a non-empty subset, and

(
G
,
+
)

{(G,+)}

a commutative group equipped with a complete ultrametric d that is invariant (i.e.,

d

(
x
+
z
,
y
+
z
)

=
d

(
x
,
y

{d(x+z,y+z)=d(x,y}

) for

x
,
y
,
z

∈
G

{x,y,z\in G}

).
Under some weak natural assumptions on U and on the function

γ
:

U
3

→

[
0
,
∞
)

{\gamma\colon U^{3}\to[0,\infty)}

, we study the new generalized hyperstability results when

f
:

U
→
G

{f\colon U\to G}

satisfies the inequality

d
⁢

(

α
⁢
f
⁢

(

x
+
y

α

+
z

)

,

α
⁢
f
⁢

(
z
)

+

f
⁢

(
y
)

+

f
⁢

(
x
)

)

≤

γ
⁢

(
x
,
y
,
z
)

d\biggl{(}\alpha f\biggl{(}\frac{x+y}{\alpha}+z\biggr{)},\alpha f(z)+f(y)+f(x)%
\biggr{)}\leq\gamma(x,y,z)

for all

x
,
y
,
z

∈
U

{x,y,z\in U}

, where

x
+
y

α

+
z

∈
U

{\frac{x+y}{\alpha}+z\in U}

and

α
≥
2

{\alpha\geq 2}

is a fixed positive integer. The method is based on a quite recent fixed point theorem
(Theorem 1 in [J. Brzdȩk and K. Ciepliński,
A fixed point approach to the stability of functional equations in non-Archimedean metric spaces,
Nonlinear Anal. 74 2011, 18, 6861–6867])
(cf. [8, Theorem 1])
in some functions spaces.
Aberration correction for improving the image quality in STED microscopy using the genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Luwei , Yan Wei , Li Runze , Weng Xiaoyu , Zhang Jia , Yang Zhigang , Liu Liwei , Ye Tong , Qu Junle 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
With a purely optical modulation of fluorescent behaviors, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy allows for far-field imaging with a diffraction-unlimited resolution in theory. The performance of STED microscopy is affected by many factors, of which aberrations induced by the optical system and biological samples can distort the wave front of the depletion beam at the focal plane to greatly deteriorate the spatial resolution and the image contrast. Therefore, aberration correction is imperative for STED imaging, especially for imaging thick specimens. Here, we present a wave front compensation approach based on the genetic algorithm (GA) to restore the distorted laser wave front for improving the quality of STED images. After performing aberration correction on two types of zebrafish samples, the signal intensity and the imaging resolution of STED images were both improved, where the thicknesses were 24 μm and 100 μm in the zebrafish retina sample and the zebrafish embryo sample, respectively. The results showed that the GA-based wave front compensation approach has the capability of correction for both system-induced and sample-induced aberrations. The elimination of aberrations can prompt STED imaging in deep tissues; therefore, STED microscopy can be expected to play an increasingly important role in super-resolution imaging related to the scientific research in biological fields.
Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de Nicaragua
Authors: Pato Enrique 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic features found in present Nicaraguan Spanish, a lesser known Central American variety despite being the subject of one of the pioneering dialectological studies on Spanish (Barreto 1893). With the help of text corpora and sociolinguistic surveys, an updated grammatical overview is provided, which takes into account most categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions (coordinators, subordinators, among others), and illustrates with examples taken from both formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features ―such as the use of medio as an agreeing adjective instead of an adverb particle― as well as some specific patterns ―such as the prominence of ‑udo/‑uda and ‑oso/‑osa suffixes― in present-day Nicaraguan Spanish, some of which remain to be incorporated in the Academy grammar.
The making of the Dictionnaire de la langue franque
Authors: Operstein Natalie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Our knowledge of the structural features of Lingua Franca (LF), a Romance-based contact language of the Mediterranean, is heavily dependent on a single publication, the Dictionnaire de la langue franque ou petit mauresque published anonymously in Marseille in 1830. Various aspects of the Dictionnaire have been explored in previous studies, including the lexical makeup and the structural features of the LF variety it records and the orthography that it employs for LF. This study advances our understanding of the Dictionnaire and of its place in the LF scholarship by focusing on a previously unexplored aspect of this important but understudied publication: its sources.
Preparation and Properties of Waterborne Epoxy–Modified Emulsified Asphalt Binder (WEMEAB)
Authors: Ji Jie , Yao Hui , Zheng Wenhua , Suo Zhi , Xu Ying , Han Song , Xu Shifa , You Zhanping 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The objective of this research is to study the properties of waterborne epoxy–modified emulsified asphalt binder (WEMEAB). The WEMEAB was prepared with a method of preemulsification and modification. The optimum asphalt-water ratio (ratio of base asphalt binder to emulsifier), emulsifier content, and waterborne epoxy content were determined through an orthogonal test with three factors and three levels. Based on the penetration system, the high- and low-temperature properties and storage stability of WEMEAB were evaluated. The distribution of waterborne epoxy in the modified emulsified asphalt binder and the microstructure of WEMEAB were observed through the Fluorescence Optical Microscopy (FOM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tests. The test results indicated that the high- and low-temperature properties of WEMEAB were noticeably improved and that the waterborne epoxy was distributed uniformly in the modified emulsified asphalt binder with an asphalt-water ratio of 65:35, 4 % waterborne epoxy and 1.4 % emulsifier. The FOM and AFM images showed that cross-linking and interpenetration network structure and “bee-like” structures had formed on the surface of the WEMEAB.
High-Temperature Performance and Workability of Crumb Rubber–Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt
Authors: Wang Hainian , Li Xiaoyan , Xiao Jinkun , You Zhanping , Yang Xu , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Crumb rubber produced from scrap tires has been widely applied in asphalt mixtures to improve the pavement performance. Warm-mix technology has also been employed to lower the production temperature of asphalt mixtures. The objective of this article is to investigate the effects of warm-mix additive types and crumb rubber concentration on the resistance to deformation of crumb rubber–modified (CRM) binders through the repeated creep and recovery test (RCRT), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and rotational viscosity test. The CRM binders with crumb rubber concentrations of 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % were prepared first as the control binders. Then, three types of warm-mix additives, Sasobit, RH, and Advera, were added into the CRM asphalt to produce CRM warm-mix asphalt (WMA) binder. Generally, the workability of CRM asphalt can be improved with the addition of warm-mix additives. The effect of warm-mix additive on the high-temperature performance is highly dependent on the crumb rubber dosage. The RCRT results overall showed that the warm-mix additives can improve the high-temperature performance of asphalt when the crumb rubber concentration is low. However, according to the DSR test, Sasobit improved the rutting resistance of CRM asphalt, while the RH and Advera sacrificed the rutting resistance. The inconsistency between the RCRT and DSR results suggests that it may be necessary to conduct both the tests when investigating the high-temperature performance of CRM asphalt with warm-mix additives.
A Study on Performance of Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement in Accelerated Pavement Tests
Authors: Chhorn Chamroeun , Kim Young Kyu , Hong Seong Jae , Park Jun Young , Lee Seung Woo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Roller-compacted concrete pavement, or RCCP, is well-known for its low cost and fast construction. Through compaction, the friction induced by aggregate interlock provides additional load carry capacity at the beginning of construction. Although its construction procedure is quite different from typical conventional concrete pavement, RCCP consists of the same basic ingredients as conventional concrete pavement. The characteristics of RCCP make it an excellent alternative for port, intermodal, street, and highway applications. Even though this pavement has been used for decades, research on and experiences in its application are still limited, particularly in Korea. In order to evaluate the performance of RCCP, two phases of an accelerated pavement test were conducted. In Phase One, the performance of RCCP at two different strengths (35.6 and 30.4 MPa) is evaluated. In Phase Two, the performance of RCCP with different thicknesses (5, 7.5, and 10 cm) is investigated. The number of load repetitions to fatigue crack occurrence in each section is compared to the estimated fatigue failure determined from the fatigue equation for RCCP. The crack development in each section is compared to the crack model for jointed plain concrete pavement. Overall, it is confirmed that RCCP has equal or better performance compared to the estimation in terms of fatigue cracking.
Stress State of Pretensioned Structures
Authors: Abdulaliyev Z. , Ataoglu S. , Donmez A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Prestressed structures are used in civil engineering and other sectors of industry for the production of pressure vessels of the reactors and protective shells for nuclear plants, storage tanks for liquefied gas, etc. In such structures, pretension may reach great magnitudes depending on the manufacturing process during the fabrication or later with the addition of the operational loads. Therefore, it is necessary to address the prestressed state in order to predict optimal loading for the structural elements in the design process of these structures. In this study, the prestressed states of these structures are investigated using an analogy between the prestressed state and the thermoelasticity problems by the photothermoelasticity. Detailed information about the stress distribution in entire structures, locations, and magnitudes of the maximum stresses and bond stresses was obtained. Simultaneously, analytical relations were developed for the normal and shearing stress components between dissimilar materials in the joint zone.
Experimental Evaluation on Cyclic Shear Behavior of Geomembrane–Concrete Interfaces
Authors: Cen W. J. , Wang H. , Du X. H. , Sun Y. J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A series of cyclic shear tests was conducted to reveal the cyclic shear behavior of the interfaces between three types of geomembranes (smooth geomembranes, textured geomembranes, and composite geomembranes) and no-fines concrete. Hysteresis loops and backbone curves were obtained under different vertical pressures and shear-displacement amplitudes. The test results indicate that the textured geomembrane–concrete interface presents higher cyclic friction angles than the other two interfaces. The vertical pressure-dependent shear stiffness and damping ratio were used to evaluate the cyclic shear strength and damping behavior of the different geomembrane–concrete interfaces. In addition, the influence of shear rate and cycle number on the cyclic shear behavior of the geomembrane–concrete interfaces was considered, but there is little difference among experimental data for a specific interface. By analyzing the damage observed for the different geomembranes in the test, the shear behavior of these three interfaces between geomembranes and no-fines concrete was further evaluated. Finally, a reasonable choice of geomembrane is suggested for the stability and integrity of geomembranes in practical geomembrane engineering.
KUALITAS PERANGKAT LUNAK: MODULARITAS PUSTAKA TEXT PRE-PROCESSING
Authors: Maylawati Dian Sa'adillah , Sugilar Hamdan , Yudhiantara Rully Agung 
Published: November 2018

Perangkat lunak yang baik harus mencapai kualitas yang baik pula. Termasuk pustaka (library) dan komponen perangkat lunak yang akan dipanggil pada perangkat lunak lainnya. Terdapat beberapa faktor kualitas yang dapat dicapai pustaka perangkat lunak, antara lain fleksibilitas, modularitas, interoperabilitas, dan portabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur faktor kualitas modularitas dari pustaka text pre-processing untuk Bahasa Indonesia. Metodologi pembangunan pustaka menggunakan Waterfall dengan menerapkan Unified Modelling Language (UML) sebagai model perangkat lunak. Pustaka text pre-processing dibangun dengan bahasa pemrograman Java dengan masukan berupa koleksi dokumen teks dan keluaran berupa Himpunan Frequent Word Itemset (HFWI) sebagai representasi teks terstruktur. Modularitas pustaka diukur dengan menggunakan metriks Coupling between Object Classes (CBO) dan Lack of Cohesion in Methods (LCOM). Hasil pengukuran dan evaluasi modularitas pustaka menunjukkan bahwa modularitas pustaka sudah dicapai dengan kohesi yang cukup tinggi dan kopling yang rendah. Kohesi yang cukup tinggi ditunjukkan dengan nilai LCOM 0.381, sedangkan kopling yang rendah ditunjukkan dengan nilai CBO 1.045.
Espacios en transformación: una historia de los arroyos urbanos como patrimonio natural de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México
Authors: Mendoza-Bohne Lourdes Sofía 
Published: November 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo es lograr la definición de una historia urbana de las funciones socio espaciales de los arroyos de agua en la ciudad de Guadalajara actualmente Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. Así también explicar la construcción de un patrimonio natural a partir del análisis de la interrelación de las funciones prácticas, simbólicas y espaciales de los arroyos urbanos entre el siglo XVI y el XXI. El análisis se enfoca en comprender la metamorfosis de dos ríos y los arroyos intra y circundantes como referentes en la historia de Guadalajara y su desarrollo como gran ciudad. Por lo que se pretende explorar la reconfiguración de dichos espacios desde tres ejes de análisis1) La transformación histórico espacial para explicar los hechos relevantes en el periodo colonial; 2) Las funciones socio-urbanas de los arroyos principalmente el siglo XIX y 3) Los conflictos por la depredación y contaminación para explicar el siglo XX y XXI definiendo el patrimonio natural metropolitano.
Las metrópolis y sus periferias: cinturones de marginación, pobreza y desechos urbanos en la ZMG
Authors: Torres-Rodríguez Alicia 
Published: November 2018

Las periferias de las zonas metropolitanas se han convertido en canales de desagüe y basureros, aprovechando los cauces de los arroyos, ríos, canales de riego y barrancas para verter los desechos líquidos o sólidos. No obstante, es en las periferias de estas ciudades el lugar en donde se dan mayormente los asentamientos irregulares y/o construcción de vivienda de interés social, convirtiendo estos espacios en cinturones de pobreza, marginación y contenedores de desechos urbanos. Bajo esta premisa se analiza el problema generado por el crecimiento urbano e industrial de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara (ZMG) a partir de las aguas residuales que son vertidas a los cuerpos de agua que la circundan. Este documento se basa en la revisión documental, bibliográfica y de documentos institucionales, así como del meta análisis de mapas e imágenes, y recorridos de campo, lo que nos permite realizar la correlación y relación de los datos obtenidos para la construcción del modelo de desalojo de las aguas residuales de la ZMG.
La Unidad 2 de Caranza en Ferrol: Futuro imperfecto.
Authors: Pérez Valcárcel Juan Bautista 
Published: November 2018

La Unidad 2 del Polígono de Caranza en Ferrol es un buen ejemplo de la concreción de algunas propuestas arquitectónicas idealistas de los años 60. Se trataba de proporcionar viviendas dignas a determinados sectores desfavorecidos, con resultados no siempre afortunados: edificios notables arquitectónicamente, pero generadores de formas de vida alejadas de los comportamientos sociales de los usuarios. El choque entre el idealismo y la realidad provocó disfunciones y conflictos.Se trata de un conjunto de seis edificios, tres de ellos en forma de torre y otros tres en forma de bloques lineales en L. El conjunto se articula sobre tres plazas que se cierran con un notable corredor perimetral de 119 paraboloides hiperbólicos disimétricos, formando un conjunto único en Galicia.Desde el principio, el edificio presentó serios problemas tanto de funcionalidad como de durabilidad. Funcionalmente son especialmente relevantes los problemas de circulaciones, con un claro conflicto entre lo proyectado y la realidad. En cuanto a la durabilidad hubo serios problemas de corrosiones. Han sido necesarias diversas intervenciones, que se comentarán.