bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the many faces of synthetic cannabinoid toxicities
Authors: Alipour Azita , Patel Puja Baldev , Shabbir Zaheera , Gabrielson Stephen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are psychoactive substances that are gaining popularity for their availability and lack of detection by standardized drug tests. Although some users may perceive SCs as safer alternatives to marijuana, some SCs are more potent and result in more severe toxicities.

Methods
A search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed and SciFinder databases. Results in PubMed were limited to human studies, and only articles in English were included.

Results
Review of the literature illustrates the hazards associated with SC use. A range of severe toxicities affecting numerous systems has been identified, such as arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, psychosis, suicidal ideation, seizures, acute tubular necrosis, and intracranial hemorrhage. Additionally, a recent outbreak of coagulopathies and at least 4 associated deaths due to SCs tainted with brodifacoum have been reported.

Discussion
Synthetic cannabinoids may be perceived as a safer alternative to marijuana; however, SCs can be more potent at the cannabinoid receptors and in turn have greater toxicities. Limited information is available on the metabolism of SCs; however, cytochrome P450 pathways may be involved, which could result in drug interactions and unpredicted adverse effects. Toxicity with SC use is not just related to its effects, but also to additives that may taint these products and enhance their effects. Health care providers should be aware of the range of toxicities related to SC use, and tainted products such as these agents are not detected on routine drug screens.
Robust adaptive active fault‐tolerant control of UAH with unknown disturbances and actuator faults
Authors: Yan Kun , Chen Mou , Jiang Bin , Wu Qingxian 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a robust active fault‐tolerant control (AFTC) approach for medium‐scale unmanned autonomous helicopter (UAH) with rotor flapping dynamics in the presence of unknown external disturbances and actuator faults. The robust items are adopted to improve the disturbance rejection capability of the UAH system. The adaptive fault observers are developed to estimate the fault parameters and the fault detection (FD) algorithms are presented to detect the actuator faults in different loops. In order to obtain satisfactory trajectory tracking performance, a backstepping‐based robust AFTC scheme is designed for the simplified 6‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) UAH nonlinear dynamics model and the global stability of the closed‐loop system is proved by using the Lyapunov method. Several groups of numerical simulation results are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the developed method.
Adaptive Superamphiphilic Organohydrogels with Reconfigurable Surface Topography for Programming Unidirectional Liquid Transport
Authors: Zhao Ziguang , Li Chuxin , Dong Zhichao , Yang Yingchao , Zhang Longhao , Zhuo Shuyun , Zhou Xintao , Xu Yichao , Jiang Lei , Liu Mingjie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdaptive materials with reconfigurable surface topography in response to external environments have attracted considerable attention in various fields. Here, adaptive superamphiphilic organohydrogels with reconfigurable surface topography are reported, featuring a high degree of freedom. The organohydrogels can simultaneously adapt to different surrounding mediums and reversibly switch between hydrogel‐ and organogel‐dominated surface reconfigurations to realize adaptive superhydrophilic and superoleophilic transitions. Meanwhile, these adaptive organohydrogels possess a heteronetwork complementary effect to elicit surface self‐healing capacity. Importantly, owing to these organohydrogels' reversible wettability transition, excellent surface morphing performance and bioinspired strategy, various geometrically complex biomimetic topographies can be programmed, offering unique unidirectional transport for opposite‐featured liquids in multimedia environments. Smart organohydrogel‐based microfluidic devices are also developed for on‐demand remote programming of liquid transport. Therefore, the organohydrogels suggest a reconfigurable surface topography design strategy, and would act as adaptive programmable materials for smart surface applications.
Correlations between Performance of Organic Solar Cells and Film‐Depth‐Dependent Optical and Electronic Variations
Authors: Wang Zihao , Hu Yupeng , Xiao Tong , Zhu Yuanwei , Chen Xin , Bu Laju , Zhang Yajie , Wei Zhixiang , Xu Ben Bin , Lu Guanghao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, the chemical miscibility between different components and phase evolution dynamics within thin films often induce phase segregation and molecular aggregation/orientation, both of which are film‐depth‐dependent. This leads to strong variations of molecular energy levels, photon absorption, exciton generation, charge transfer, and transport along film‐depth direction. However, currently there is a lack of comprehensive investigation of film‐depth‐dependent optical and electronic variations on the photovoltaic performance. In this work, using the recently developed film‐depth‐dependent light absorption spectroscopy which simultaneously reveals vertical optical and electronic variations, the performance of organic solar cells is correlated with film‐depth‐dependent profiles of photon absorption and charge transport energy levels, which is subsequently compared with experimentally observed open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and efficiency. Because both light interference and vertical material variations contribute to film‐depth‐dependent exciton generation profiles, the local gradient of transport energy levels which provides extra built‐in electric force could accelerate the dissociation of excitons and transport of free charges to avoid recombination, leading to high photovoltaic performance. A new method is therefore proposed to improve the photovoltaic performance by simultaneously tuning the film‐depth‐dependent optical and electronic distributions.
Eco‐Friendly Colloidal Quantum Dot‐Based Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: You Yimin , Tong Xin , Wang Wenhao , Sun Jiachen , Yu Peng , Ji Haining , Niu Xiaobin , Wang Zhiming M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLuminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have attracted significant attention as promising solar energy conversion devices for building integrated photovoltaic (PV) systems due to their simple architecture and cost‐effective fabrication. Conventional LSCs are generally comprised of an optical waveguide slab with embedded emissive species and coupled PV cells. Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been demonstrated as efficient emissive species for high‐performance LSCs because of their outstanding optical properties including tunable absorption and emission spectra covering the ultraviolet/visible to near‐infrared region, high photoluminescence quantum yield, large absorption cross sections, and considerable photostability. However, current commonly used QDs for high‐performance LSCs consist of highly toxic heavy metals (i.e., cadmium and lead), which are fatal to human health and the environment. In this regard, it is highly desired that heavy metal‐free and environmentally friendly QD‐based LSCs are comprehensively studied. Here, notable advances and developments of LSCs based on unary, binary, and ternary eco‐friendly QDs are presented. The synthetic approaches, optical properties of these eco‐friendly QDs, and consequent device performance of QD‐based LSCs are discussed in detail. A brief outlook pointing out the existing challenges and prospective developments of eco‐friendly QD‐based LSCs is provided, offering guidelines for future device optimizations and commercialization.
A reusable polymer‐supported copper(I) catalyst for triazole click reaction on water: An experimental and computational study
Authors: Bahsis Lahoucine , Ben El Ayouchia Hicham , Anane Hafid , Pascual‐Álvarez Alejandro , De Munno Giovanni , Julve Miguel , Stiriba Salah‐Eddine 
Published: March 2019

In the search for establishing a clickable copper‐catalysed (3 + 2) Huisgen azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction under strict conditions, in particular in terms of preventing the presence of copper particles/traces in reaction products and using an environmentally benign medium such as water, we describe here the synthesis of an aminomethyl polystyrene‐supported copper(I) catalyst (Cu(I)‐AMPS) and its characterization by means of Fourier transform infrared and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopies and scanning electron microscopy. Cu(I)‐AMPS was found to be highly active in the CuAAC reaction of various organic azides with alkynes affording the corresponding 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles in a regioselective manner in air at room temperature and using water as solvent. The insolubility and/or partial solubility of the organic azide and alkyne precursors as well as the heterogeneous Cu(I)‐AMPS catalytic system points to the occurrence of the cycloaddition at the organic–water interface ‘on water’ affording quantitative yields of water‐insoluble 1,2,3‐triazoles. A mechanistic study was performed using density functional theory aiming at explaining the observed reactivity and selectivity of the Cu (I)‐AMPS catalyst in CuAAC reactions.
A DFT‐Assisted Topological Analysis of Four Polymorphic, S‐Shaped Aβ42 Fibril Structures
Authors: Foley Alejandro R. , Raskatov Jevgenij A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAmyloid β 42 (Aβ42) is an inherently disordered peptide, whose toxic actions are believed to play important roles in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Four fibril structures of the peptide that display broadly similar characteristics were recently published, but a systematic comparison of these structures is lacking. In this paper, a topological framework was created to enable such understanding and produced new insights into subtle structural elements that underlie the overall structural diversity. A DFT‐based analysis illuminated some of the energetic differences that arise as a consequence.
Synthesis and Characterization of Vanillin‐Templated Fe2O3 Nanoparticles as a Sustainable Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Carbonari Gilberto , Maroni Fabio , Gabrielli Serena , Staffolani Antunes , Tossici Roberto , Palmieri Alessandro , Nobili Francesco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConversion‐enabled transition metal oxides are mostly characterized by environmental benignity, low cost, and high theoretical capacities, which make them suitable as candidate anode materials for Li‐ion batteries. To ensure high efficiency and stability, the use of novel and tailored morphologies is recommended. Among the other methods, the use of natural extracts as templates is one of the possible strategies to accomplish this task. In this work, Fe2O3 nanoparticles are synthesized by using vanillin as a soft templating agent, and fully characterized on a morphological, structural and electrochemical level. Poly(acrylic acid) binder and ethanol for electrode preparation ensure a fully environmentally benign process from synthesis to electrode testing. The cells deliver capacity values up to 700 mAh g−1 under prolonged galvanostatic cycling at 500 mA g−1, as well as excellent rate capability and high efficiency.
Low‐Barrier Hydrogen Bonds in Negative Thermal Expansion Material H3[Co(CN)6]
Authors: Tolborg Kasper , Jørgensen Mads R. V. , Sist Mattia , Mamakhel Aref , Overgaard Jacob , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe covalent nature of the low‐barrier N−H−N hydrogen bonds in the negative thermal expansion material H3[Co(CN)6] has been established by using a combination of X‐ray and neutron diffraction electron density analysis and theoretical calculations. This finding explains why negative thermal expansion can occur in a material not commonly considered to be built from rigid linkers. The pertinent hydrogen atom is located symmetrically between two nitrogen atoms in a double‐well potential with hydrogen above the barrier for proton transfer, thus forming a low‐barrier hydrogen bond. Hydrogen is covalently bonded to the two nitrogen atoms, which is the first experimentally confirmed covalent hydrogen bond in a network structure. Source function calculations established that the present N−H−N hydrogen bond follows the trends observed for negatively charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds and low‐barrier hydrogen bonds previously established for O−H−O hydrogen bonds. The bonding between the cobalt and cyanide ligands was found to be a typical donor–acceptor bond involving a high‐field ligand and a transition metal in a low‐spin configuration.
Optoelectronic, Aggregation, and Redox Properties of Double‐Rotor Boron Difluoride Hydrazone Dyes
Authors: Cappello Daniela , Therien Denis A. B. , Staroverov Viktor N. , Lagugné‐Labarthet François , Gilroy Joe B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe develop the chemistry of boron difluoride hydrazone dyes (BODIHYs) bearing two aryl substituents and explore their properties. The low‐energy absorption bands (λmax=427–464 nm) of these dyes depend on the nature of the N‐aryl groups appended to the BODIHY framework. Electron‐donating and extended π‐conjugated groups cause a redshift, whereas electron‐withdrawing groups result in a blueshift. The title compounds were weakly photoluminescent in solution and strongly photoluminescent as thin films (λPL=525–578 nm) with quantum yields of up to 18 % and lifetimes of 1.1–1.7 ns, consistent with the dominant radiative decay through fluorescence. Addition of water to THF solutions of the BODIHYs studied causes molecular aggregation which restricts intramolecular motion and thereby enhances photoluminescence. The observed photoluminescence of BODIHY thin films is likely facilitated by a similar molecular packing effect. Finally, cyclic voltammetry studies confirmed that BODIHY derivatives bearing para‐substituted N‐aryl groups could be reversibly oxidized (Eox1=0.62–1.02 V vs. Fc/Fc+) to their radical cation forms. Chemical oxidation studies confirmed that para‐substituents at the N‐aryl groups are required to circumvent radical decomposition pathways. Our findings provide new opportunities and guiding principles for the design of sought‐after multifunctional boron difluoride complexes that are photoluminescent in the solid state.
Tuning the Product Spectrum of a Glycoside Hydrolase Enzyme by a Combination of Site‐Directed Mutagenesis and Tyrosine‐Specific Chemical Modification
Authors: Ertl Julia , Ortiz‐Soto Maria Elena , Le Thien Anh , Bechold Julian , Shan Junwen , Teßmar Jörg , Engels Bernd , Seibel Jürgen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSelective chemical modification of proteins plays a pivotal role for the rational design of enzymes with novel and specific functionalities. In this study, a strategic combination of genetic and chemical engineering paves the way for systematic construction of biocatalysts by tuning the product spectrum of a levansucrase from Bacillus megaterium (Bm‐LS), which typically produces small levan‐like oligosaccharides. The implementation of site‐directed mutagenesis followed by a tyrosine‐specific modification enabled control of the product synthesis: depending on the position, the modification provoked either enrichment of short oligosaccharides (up to 800 % in some cases) or triggered the formation of high molecular weight polymer. The chemical modification can recover polymerization ability in variants with defective oligosaccharide binding motifs. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations provided insights into the effect of modifying non‐native tyrosine residues on product specificity.
L'innovation dans les services à forte intensité de connaissances (SFIC)†
Authors: Doloreux David , Frigon Anthony 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article examines the determinants of innovation in knowledge intensive business services (KIBS), generally hypothesizing that differences in the effect of the determinants of innovation depend on the type of innovation developed within KIBS. The study results are based on estimates of two econometric models using data from a survey of 392 firms in the province of Ontario, Canada.
Effect of bed geometry on operating pressure drop and minimum fluidizing velocity in a draft tube spout‐fluid bed
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Huang Guoqiang , Su Guoliang , Liu Shuaifeng , Zhou Yeming 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTOperating pressure drop and minimum fluidizing velocity were studied in a flat spout‐fluid bed using sub‐millimetre grade silicon particles. The influence of introducing a nonporous draft tube of different configurations as well as fluidizing gas on the two parameters was investigated. A comparison of fluidizing gas systems indicated that introduced gas restrained gas bypassing to lower the minimum fluidizing velocity; however, the operating pressure drop was higher than systems without the existence of fluidizing gas. Two new correlations that took into account the effects of bed geometry and fluidizing gas on the operating pressure drop and minimum fluidizing velocity were developed based on the experimental data, which were in agreement with the present experiments.
Highly Regioselective Sequential 1,1‐Dihydrosilylation of Terminal Aliphatic Alkynes with Primary Silanes
Authors: Cheng Zhaoyang , Xing Shipei , Guo Jun , Cheng Biao , Hu Lan‐Fang , Zhang Xing‐Hong , Lu Zhan 
Published: March 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionA regioselective double 1,1‐hydrosilylation of terminal aliphatic alkynes with primary silanes catalyzed by one cobalt catalyst has been developed. gem‐Bis(dihydrosilyl)alkanes containing four silicon‐hydrogen bonds are efficiently constructed in an atom‐economical manner. Tolerated substrates include simplest alkyne‐ethyne, a complicated drug derivative and various functionalized terminal aliphatic alkynes. Asymmetric approach using two catalysts is achieved with excellent enantioselectivities to access corresponding chiral products. The transformations of Si—H bonds into Si—C, Si—O, and Si—F bonds and the synthesis of enantioriched α‐hydroxysilane show synthetic utility.
Application of ant colony optimization to color matching of dyed cotton fabrics with direct dyestuffs mixtures
Authors: Chaouch Sabrine , Moussa Ali , Ben Marzoug Imed , Ladhari Neji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractColor matching and recipe prediction is one of the most important aspects of color science. In this article, a new method using ant colony algorithm is developed to optimize the color formulation step. Four direct dyes, namely CI Direct Red 227, CI Direct Orange 34, CI Direct Blue 85, and CI Direct Black 22 were used and mixed to dye cotton fabrics. The aim is to reproduce the desired shades by determining the dyes and their respective concentrations to add in the dye bath. The criterion of optimization is to minimize the CMC color differences between the target color and the color obtained by the proposed recipes. The developed algorithm showed good performances with small color differences all lower than the unit.
Bit error rate aware accurate prediction of original signals with low distortion using low complexity detection algorithms
Authors: Kasiselvanathan M. , Kumar N. Sathish 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn the Massive MIMO system, complexity reduction acts as a significant role. This problem is focused in previous method whose foremost objective is to attain the low complexity. The main goal of this algorithm is to process the signal vector with more maximum likelihood cost instead of handling every signals vector, which might lead to more iteration. This is done by introducing different heuristic algorithms which attempts to find the signal vectors with more maximum likelihood values. The algorithms introduced in the existing work are QP detector and the Branch and Bound algorithm. The existing work still poses more complexity by taking more number of iterations for finding the more relative signal vector. These problems are resolved in the proposed system by introducing the novel framework, namely, pruning‐based maximum likelihood detection using low complexity detection algorithms (PRUN‐MLD‐LCDA). In the proposed system, complexity of the system is further reduced by introducing the cross correlation based pruning technique which attempts to find the similar signal, which is similar based on more signal components. The modified branch and bound algorithm is introduced to perform low complexity detection for the different QAM modulation techniques. The overall evaluation of the proposed research work is done in the Matlab simulation environment from which it is proved that the proposed research method leads to provide better result than the existing research methods.
Edge‐enabled IoT gateway criteria selection and evaluation
Authors: Papcun Peter , Kajati Erik , Cupkova Dominika , Mocnej Jozef , Miskuf Martin , Zolotova Iveta 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this contribution, we define the concept of transferring intelligence from the cloud to the edge of the network and highlight its importance in modern IoT architectures. It leads to edge‐enabled IoT solutions, where intelligence is distributed to the end devices, ie, edge of the network. The IoT gateway is a middle‐ware between devices and cloud and facilitates computations and communication. We have encountered a research gap and decided to propose our solution on creating an edge‐enabled IoT gateway and evaluating its rating by functionality. In the beginning, we describe the general architecture where we demonstrate the location of the edge‐enabled IoT gateway in edge‐enabled solution. Then, we discuss a selection of major criteria, which could be implemented to any edge‐enabled solution. In the end, we evaluate our proposed edge‐enabled IoT gateway and also compare several scientific works focused on IoT gateway design according to our criteria.
Spectrum management with simultaneous power‐controlled assignment decisions in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Musa Ahmed , Bany Salameh Haythem , Abu Sannad Nusseibeh , Halloush Rami , Darabkh Khalid 
Published: March 2019

SummarySpectrum sharing protocols for cognitive radio networks (CRNs) are often designed based on an exclusive channel occupancy policy. This policy does not allow concurrent cognitive radio (CR) transmissions to take place over the same channel. Unfortunately, this can significantly affect spectrum utilization and network performance. Allowing several secondary users to simultaneously share the same channel naturally improves spectrum utilization and avoids unnecessary blocking of CR transmissions. The key challenge in enabling efficient operation of multichannel CRNs is how to perform efficient power‐controlled media‐access‐control (MAC) protocols. These protocols include both power control and channel assignment. In this paper, we propose a power‐controlled MAC protocol for CRNs based on interference‐channel occupancy model with the objective of maximizing the number of served CR transmissions. It uses a novel power‐controlled channel assignment mechanism that allows several concurrent interference‐limited transmissions to simultaneously proceed over each idle channel in the same neighborhood. We present two variants of the power‐controlled channel assignment mechanism. The first proposed variant is suitable for CRNs with fixed data packet size, whereas the other is suitable for dynamic CRNs with variable packet size. The second variant of our protocol employs a users' scheduling procedure that attempts to fully utilize the available time‐frequency blocks. Simulation results indicate that employing transmission power control along with appropriate channel assignment and users' scheduling in CRNs can significantly improve the spectrum utilization and the overall network performance.