bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Polycrystalline Core–Shell‐Mimicked Nanograins
Authors: Park Min‐Ho , Park Jaehyeok , Lee Jaeho , So Hyeon Seob , Kim Hobeom , Jeong Su‐Hun , Han Tae‐Hee , Wolf Christoph , Lee Hosun , Yoo Seunghyup , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMaking small nanograins in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) films is critical to improving the luminescent efficiency in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). 3D polycrystalline OIHPs have fundamental limitations related to exciton binding energy and exciton diffusion length. At the same time, passivating the defects at the grain boundaries is also critical when the grain size becomes smaller. Molecular additives can be incorporated to shield the nanograins to suppress defects at grain boundaries; however, unevenly distributed molecular additives can cause imbalanced charge distribution and inefficient local defect passivation in polycrystalline OIHP films. Here, a kinetically controlled polycrystalline organic‐shielded nanograin (OSN) film with a uniformly distributed organic semiconducting additive (2,2′,2′′‐(1,3,5‐benzinetriyl)‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1‐H‐benzimidazole), TPBI) is developed mimicking core–shell nanoparticles. The OSN film causes improved photophysical and electroluminescent properties with improved light out‐coupling by possessing a low refractive index. Finally, highly improved electroluminescent efficiencies of 21.81% ph el−1 and 87.35 cd A−1 are achieved with a half‐sphere lens and four‐time increased half‐lifetime in polycrystalline PeLEDs. This strategy to make homogeneous, defect‐healed polycrystalline core–shell‐mimicked nanograin film with better optical out‐coupling will provide a simple and efficient way to make highly efficient perovskite polycrystal films and their optoelectronics devices.
Recent Advances in Scaffold Design and Material for Vascularized Tissue‐Engineered Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yin Shi , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Zhiyuan , Jiang Xinquan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBone tissue is a highly vascularized tissue and concomitant development of the vascular system and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenesis and angioblasts. Several strategies have been applied to achieve vascularized tissue‐engineered bone, including the addition of cytokines as well as pre‐vascularization strategies and co‐culture systems. However, the scaffold is another extremely important component to consider, and development of vascularized bone scaffolds remains one of the greatest challenges for engineering clinically relevant bone substitutes. Here, this review highlights the biomaterial selection, preparation of pre‐vascularized scaffolds, composition modification of the scaffold, structural design, and the comprehensive use of the above synergistic modifications of scaffold materials for vascular scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, a strategy is proposed for the design of future scaffold structures, in which promoting the regeneration of vascularized bone by regulating the microenvironment should be the main focus. This overview can help illuminate progress in this field and identify the most recently developed scaffolds that show the greatest potential for achieving clinically vascularized bone.
Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed, DMSO‐Involved, and TFA‐Controlled Regioselective C−H Functionalization of Anilines with Alkynes for Specific Assembly of 3‐Arylquinolines
Authors: Zhang Peiquan , Yang Yurong , Chen Zhiyong , Xu Zhang , Xu Xuefeng , Zhou Zhi , Yu Xiyong , Yi Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerein, a novel cobalt(III)‐catalyzed and TFA‐controlled [3+2+1] cyclization of diverse anilines and terminal alkynes has been realized by using DMSO as both the solvent and the C1 source, which led to the specific synthesis of privileged 3‐arylquinolines in one pot and regioselectively. Mechanistic investigations revealed that this versatile transformation might be initiated with a C−H activation process and with a 2‐vinylbenzenamine species as the active intermediate.magnified image
Longitudinal course of vasomotor symptoms in perimenopausal migraineurs
Authors: Maleki Nasim , Cheng Yu‐Chen , Tu Yiheng , Locascio Joseph J. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the longitudinal course of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in women with a history of migraine in comparison to women without a history of migraine disease.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 467 women with a self‐reported prior migraine diagnosis and 2,466 women without prior migraine diagnosis who were assessed longitudinally during menopausal transition as part of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Linear mixed regression models with backward elimination were used to evaluate longitudinal associations between VMS and migraine while adjusting for baseline and time‐varying demographic, socioeconomic, psychological, and reproductive factors. Additional analyses were performed to further assess the specificity of the association between migraine and VMS that included evaluating the association between migraine and vaginal dryness and between back pain and VMS.ResultsA history of migraine predicted an increased frequency of VMS but not vaginal dryness during menopausal transition. Significant interaction between history of migraine and menopausal status for the prediction of VMS was also identified. Burden of VMS was found to be higher during late‐stage perimenopause in women with migraine. In contrast, the history of back pain did not predict the frequency of VMS.InterpretationThis is the first study to delineate that a history of migraine predicts an increased frequency of VMS in women during menopausal transition. Hypothalamic abnormalities and thermoregulatory dysfunction against a milieu of decreasing estradiol concentrations during menopausal transition may explain the increased frequency of VMS in migraineurs during menopausal transition. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:865–874.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting through Bismuth Vanadate with a Photon Upconversion Luminescent Reflector
Authors: Choi Dongho , Nam Seong Kyung , Kim Kiwon , Moon Jun Hyuk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs the performance of photoanodes for solar water splitting steadily improves, the extension of the absorption wavelength in the photoanodes is highly necessary to substantially improve the water splitting. We use a luminescent back reflector (LBR) capable of photon upconversion (UC) to improve the light harvesting capabilities of Mo:BiVO4 photoelectrodes. The LBR is prepared by dispersing the organic dye pair meso‐tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphine palladium and perylene capable of triplet–triplet annhilation‐based UC in a polymer film. The LBR converts the wavelengths of 600–650 nm corresponding to the sub‐band gap of Mo:BiVO4 and the wavelengths of 350–450 nm that are not sufficiently absorbed in Mo:BiVO4 to a wavelength that can be absorbed by a Mo:BiVO4 photoelectrode. The LBR improves the water splitting reaction of Mo:BiVO4 photoelectrodes by 17 %, and consequently, the Mo:BiVO4/LBR exhibits a photocurrent density of 5.25 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. The Mo:BiVO4/LBR exhibits hydrogen/oxygen evolution corresponding to the increased photocurrent density and long‐term operational stability for the water splitting reaction.
High‐Resolution Protein 3D Structure Determination in Living Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Tanaka Takashi , Ikeya Teppei , Kamoshida Hajime , Suemoto Yusuke , Mishima Masaki , Shirakawa Masahiro , Güntert Peter , Ito Yutaka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProteins in living cells interact specifically or nonspecifically with an enormous number of biomolecules. To understand the behavior of proteins under intracellular crowding conditions, it is indispensable to observe their three‐dimensional (3D) structures at the atomic level in a physiologically natural environment. We demonstrate the first de novo protein structure determinations in eukaryotes with the sf9 cell/baculovirus system using NMR data from living cells exclusively. The method was applied to five proteins, rat calmodulin, human HRas, human ubiquitin, T. thermophilus HB8 TTHA1718, and Streptococcus protein G B1 domain. In all cases, we could obtain structural information from well‐resolved in‐cell 3D nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) data, suggesting that our method can be a standard tool for protein structure determinations in living eukaryotic cells. For three proteins, we achieved well‐converged 3D structures. Among these, the in‐cell structure of protein G B1 domain was most accurately determined, demonstrating that a helix‐loop region is tilted away from a β‐sheet compared to the conformation in diluted solution.
Polymeric Design for Electron Transfer in Photoinduced Hydrogen Generation through a Coil–Globule Transition
Authors: Okeyoshi Kosuke , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo realize a renewable energy society, a polymeric system for photoinduced hydrogen generation utilizing a copolymer containing an electron acceptor was designed. In this system, the redox changes of viologen introduced into poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) cause cyclic conformational changes owing to the shifting of the phase transition temperature (PTT). The polymeric coil–globule transitions with hydrophilic/hydrophobic changes accelerate the electron transfer for hydrogen generation. In particular, hydrogen generation using visible‐light energy with high efficiency is achieved around the PTT. In contrast to conventional solution systems, our polymeric system enables efficient hydrogen generation in a close molecular arrangement without the aggregation of catalytic nanoparticles. The utilization of conformational changes will provide a new strategy for synthesizing artificial photosynthetic hydrogels that split water to generate both hydrogen and oxygen.
Inorganic Salts Induce Thermally Reversible and Anti‐Freezing Cellulose Hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Xiong‐Fei , Ma Xiaofeng , Hou Ting , Guo Kechun , Yin Jiayu , Wang Zhongguo , Shu Lian , He Ming , Yao Jianfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInspired by the anti‐freezing mechanisms found in nature, ionic compounds (ZnCl2/CaCl2) are integrated into cellulose hydrogel networks to enhance the freezing resistance. In this work, cotton cellulose is dissolved by a specially designed ZnCl2/CaCl2 system, which endows the cellulose hydrogels specific properties such as excellent freeze‐tolerance, good ion conductivity, and superior thermal reversibility. Interestingly, the rate of cellulose coagulation could be promoted by the addition of extra water or glycerol. This new type of cellulose‐based hydrogel may be suitable for the construction of flexible devices used at temperature as low as −70 °C.
Narrowing Segments of Helical Carbon Nanotubes with Curved Aromatic Panels
Authors: Kogashi Kanako , Matsuno Taisuke , Sato Sota , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRigid molecular cylinders with a 1 nm diameter were synthesized by assembling arylene panels with Pt‐mediated macrocylization. Chrysenylene panels that previously participated in tetrameric macrocyclization were contorted by the addition of two benzo groups on the sides to form dibenzochrysenylene, which allowed for a reduction in the numbers of participating panels to three. Consequently, narrowed cyclochrysenylene congeners were obtained. The narrowed chiral cylinders possessed width‐dependent chiroptical properties. The magnetic transition dipole moment was dictated by the radius of a ring‐current‐like circle that was formed by local electric transition dipole moments on the cylinder.
Identifying breach mechanism during air‐gap spinning of lignin–cellulose ionic‐liquid solutions
Authors: Bengtsson Jenny , Jedvert Kerstin , Köhnke Tobias , Theliander Hans 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTTo be able to produce highly oriented and strong fibers from polymer solutions, a high elongational rate during the fiber‐forming process is necessary. In the air‐gap spinning process, a high elongational rate is realized by employing a high draw ratio, the ratio between take‐up and extrusion velocity. Air‐gap spinning of lignin–cellulose ionic‐liquid solutions renders fibers that are promising to use as carbon fiber precursors. To further improve their mechanical properties, the polymer orientation should be maximized. However, achieving high draw ratios is limited by spinning instabilities that occur at high elongational rates. The aim of this experimental study is to understand the link between solution properties and the critical draw ratio during air‐gap spinning. A maximum critical draw ratio with respect to temperature is found. Two mechanisms that limit the critical draw ratio are proposed, cohesive breach and draw resonance, the latter identified from high‐speed videos. The two mechanisms clearly correlate with different temperature regions. The results from this work are not only of value for future work within the studied system but also for the design of air‐gap spinning processes in general. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47800.
Next‐Generation Additive Manufacturing: Tailorable Graphene/Polylactic(acid) Filaments Allow the Fabrication of 3D Printable Porous Anodes for Utilisation within Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Foster Christopher W. , Zou Guo‐Qiang , Jiang Yunling , Down Michael P. , Liauw Christopher M. , Garcia‐Miranda Ferrari Alejandro , Ji Xiaobo , Smith Graham C. , Kelly Peter J. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerein, we report the fabrication and application of Li‐ion anodes for utilisation within Li‐ion batteries, which are fabricated via additive manufacturing/3D printing (fused deposition modelling) using a bespoke graphene/polylactic acid (PLA) filament, where the graphene content can be readily tailored and controlled over the range 1–40 wt. %. We demonstrate that a graphene content of 20 wt. % exhibits sufficient conductivity and critically, effective 3D printability for the rapid manufacturing of 3D printed freestanding anodes (3DAs); simplifying the components of the Li‐ion battery negating the need for a copper current collector. The 3DAs are physicochemically and electrochemically characterised and possess sufficient conductivity for electrochemical studies. Critically, it is found that if the 3DAs are used in Li‐ion batteries the specific capacity is very poor but can be significantly improved through the use of a chemical pre‐treatment. Such treatment induces an increased porosity, which results in a 200‐fold increase (after anode stabilisation) of the specific capacity (ca. 500 mAh g−1 at a current density of 40 mA g−1). This work significantly enhances the field of additive manufacturing/3D printed graphene based energy storage devices demonstrating that useful 3D printable batteries can be realised.
Using auditory feedback to improve striking for mixed martial artists
Authors: Krukauskas Frank , Miltenberger Raymond , Gavoni Paul 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate auditory feedback to increase the effectiveness of throwing a “right cross.” Auditory feedback, implemented by the mixed martial arts coach, was evaluated in multiple baselines across participants design with four mixed martial arts students, two males and two females, 25–54 years old. The target behavior was the percentage of correct steps in the 20‐step task analysis of throwing a right cross. In the auditory feedback procedure, the coach used a handheld clicker and make the clicking sound as a reinforcer each time the participant performed a specific step in the task analysis correctly. This process continued until all steps were performed correctly. The percentage of correct steps of the right cross improved substantially during assessment sessions following the introduction of the auditory feedback and maintained at 90% or more for all participants during follow‐up. Improvements were also noted in the social validity assessment.
Consumers' corporate social responsibility and corporate ability associations as predictors of reputation: Developing countries under analysis
Authors: Contini Michele , Annunziata Eleonora , Rizzi Francesco , Frey Marco 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate ability (CA) associations on perceived corporate reputation (PCR) and the relationship between the two associations in different cultural environments. By focusing on electricity providers, we carried out a questionnaire survey within BRICS capital cities—that is, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—and tested a conceptual model via structural equation modelling. Results showed that, grouping BRICS together, CSR and CA associations predicted PCR, and CA association partially mediated the relationship between CSR association and PCR. When analysing each country separately, these relations were confirmed only for Brazil, China, and South Africa. These findings extend the literature on consumers' corporate associations by differentiating between CSR and CA among different cultural environments. Managers should avoid replicating business strategies in different cultural systems, coordinating such strategies to maximise PCR. The paper concludes with suggestions for coordinating CSR and CA within business development strategies.
Simulation‐based learning modules for undergraduate engineering dynamics
Authors: Karadoğan Ernur , Karadoğan Figen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we describe software modules that provide both visual and haptic feedback to the student, and evaluate their effectiveness. The system integrates software modules with a haptic interface that can augment teaching and learning in a required undergraduate engineering Dynamics course. Students can change parameters, predict answers, compare outcomes, interact with animations, and feel the results using a haptic interface. Three software modules were evaluated in two separate studies. The first study focused on subjective ratings based on student opinions. The second study assessed the effect of the modules on students' conceptual understanding for force and motion using a pretest/posttest design. The results revealed that the practice with the modules significantly improved the conceptual understanding of the targeted concepts. In addition, students showed a significant preference by stating that the modules would increase their interest in Dynamics as a subject and their engagement in the Dynamics course.
Branched DNA Architectures Produced by PCR‐Based Assembly as Gene Compartments for Cell‐Free Gene‐Expression Reactions
Authors: Guo Xiaocui , Bai Lihui , Li Feng , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Yang Dayong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe physical distance between genes plays important roles in controlling gene expression reactions in vivo. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a branched gene architecture in which three transcription units are integrated into one framework through assembly based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), together with the exploitation of these constructs as “gene compartments” for cell‐free gene expression reactions, probing the impact of this physical environment on gene transcription and translation. We find that the branched gene system enhances gene expression yields, in particular at low concentrations of DNA and RNA polymerase (RNAP); furthermore, in a crowded microenvironment that mimics the intracellular microenvironment, gene expression from branched genes maintains a relatively high level. We propose that the branched gene assembly forms a membrane‐free gene compartment that resembles the nucleoid of prokaryotes and enables RNAP to shuttle more efficiently between neighboring transcription units, thus enhancing gene expression efficiency. Our branched DNA architecture provides a valuable platform for studying the influence of “cellular” physical environments on biochemical reactions in simplified cell‐free systems.
Phase‐Dependent Stability and Substrate‐Induced Deactivation by Strong Metal‐Support Interaction of Ru/TiO2 Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid
Authors: Liu Fang , Ftouni Jamal , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe choice of support type has a profound influence on catalyst performance in liquid phase hydrogenation reactions, including the catalytic hydrogenation of biomass‐derived levulinic acid (LA) to γ‐valerolactone (GVL). Catalytic performance, including stability, of three Ru/TiO2 catalysts, having a similar mean Ru metal nanoparticle size but supported on three types of TiO2, namely P25, rutile and anatase, is evaluated by multiple reuse under batch reactor conditions. T3he catalysts’ physicochemical properties before and after recycling are characterized by XRD, STEM, TGA and FT‐IR after CO stepwise adsorption. The results show that the deactivation seen for (mixed) anatase‐supported catalysts in dioxane can be attributed to strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) rather than coke formation or metal sintering, with the rutile‐based catalyst being more resistant against such support reduction. Notably, SMSI formation under the applied, relatively mild conditions only occurs in the presence of organic acids, such as LA or valeric acid.
How Do Vortex Structures Influence Boundary Layer Dynamics in Gas‐Liquid Systems?
Authors: Rüttinger Sophie , Hoffmann Marko , Schlüter Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn many process engineering applications, the dynamics of gas‐liquid two‐phase flows plays a crucial role. The transfer of mass from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase is often a limiting step. This communication deals with the question how vortex structures, which are ubiquitous in engineering fluid flows, influence the transport processes of mass and momentum close to the interface. The question is approached by means of a methodical series of experiments with increasing optical access. By utilizing particle image velocimetry and laser‐induced fluorescence, detailed investigations of hydrodynamics and mass transfer are carried out.
Suspension and Mixing Characterization of Intermittent Agitation Modes in DASGIP Bioreactors
Authors: Samaras Jasmin Jade , Micheletti Martina , Ducci Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntermittent agitation strategies have been increasingly used for a range of process development applications, i.e., to modulate physical cues, to improve stem cell differentiation yields, and to control hydrodynamic shear stresses in microcarrier suspension; however, there is a distinct lack of characterization. Both continuous and intermittent agitation modes in relation to suspension and mixing dynamics within a DASGIP bioreactor were characterized. Suspension dynamics were found to be affected by microcarrier porosity and the degree of settling was found to be more pronounced at the top of the bioreactor. Mixing time characterization showed a marked improvement in mixing efficiency for intermittent agitation, with an overall dependence on the timing of tracer insertion.