bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric classification of 4d $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ SCFTs
Authors: Caorsi Matteo , Cecotti Sergio 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The classification of 4d

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

SCFTs boils down to the classification of conical special geometries with closed Reeb orbits (CSG). Under mild assumptions, one shows that the underlying complex space of a CSG is (birational to) an affine cone over a simply-connected ℚ-factorial log-Fano variety with Hodge numbers h

p,q
= δ

p,q
. With some plausible restrictions, this means that the Coulomb branch chiral ring "Image missing" is a graded polynomial ring generated by global holomorphic functions u

i
of dimension Δ
i
. The coarse-grained classification of the CSG consists in listing the (finitely many) dimension k-tuples {Δ1
, Δ2
, ⋯ , Δ
k
} which are realized as Coulomb branch dimensions of some rank-k CSG: this is the problem we address in this paper. Our sheaf-theoretical analysis leads to an Universal Dimension Formula for the possible {Δ1
, ⋯ , Δ
k
}’s. For Lagrangian SCFTs the Universal Formula reduces to the fundamental theorem of Springer Theory.
The number
N
(k) of dimensions allowed in rank k is given by a certain sum of the Erdös-Bateman Number-Theoretic function (sequence A070243 in OEIS) so that for large k

$$ \boldsymbol{N}(k)=\frac{2\zeta (2)\zeta (3)}{\zeta (6)}{k}^2+o\left({k}^2\right). $$

N

k

=

2
ζ

2

ζ

3

ζ

6

k
2

+
o

k
2

.

In the special case k = 2 our dimension formula reproduces a recent result by Argyres et al.
Class Field Theory implies a subtlety: certain dimension k-tuples {Δ1
, ⋯ , Δ
k
} are consistent only if supplemented by additional selection rules on the electro-magnetic charges, that is, for a SCFT with these Coulomb dimensions not all charges/fluxes consistent with Dirac quantization are permitted.
Since the arguments tend to be abstract, we illustrate the various aspects with several concrete examples and perform a number of explicit checks. We include detailed tables of dimensions for the first few k’s.
Detection of Ethanol Using a Tunable Interband Cascade Laser at 3.345 μm
Authors: Gao Hui , Xie Liang , Gong Ping , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
With the progress of the laser manufacturing technology, trace gas sensors based on tunable interband cascade lasers (ICLs) and quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have been widely used to detect organic compounds with high sensitivity. Compared with overtone and combination bands in the near infrared region, for many species, the intensities of fundamental rotational-vibrational absorption bands in the mid-infrared region are much stronger. In this paper, we demonstrate an ethanol sensor using a room-temperature continuous-wave (CW) tunable ICL laser as a light source to detect ethanol vapor concentration with high sensitivity. Combined with the first harmonic (1f) normalized second harmonic (2f) wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) technology, the characteristics of the harmonics of the system are analyzed, and the amplitude of the first harmonic decrease with an increased concentration of ethanol has been demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. As a result, a detection limitation of 28 ppb is achieved.
International note: Analysis of risk and protective factors for risky sexual behaviours among school‐aged adolescents
Authors: Kugbey Nuworza , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Amu Hubert , Oppong Asante Kwaku , Adam Awolu 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThis study examined the prevalence and associated factors of risky sexual behaviours among 1648 school‐going adolescents using the 2012 Ghana Global School‐based Student Health Survey. Our findings showed 33.5% of the participants had ever had sex 32.5% had multiple sexual partners and only 26.2% reported using condom during their last sexual intercourse. Being male, older age, anxiety, loneliness, suicidal ideation, being bullied, food insecurity (hunger), current alcohol and marijuana use were significant risk factors for being sexually experienced, multiple partners, but not condom use. Parental knowledge of activity was a significant protective factor against adolescents' sexual experience. These findings underscore the need to develop school‐based interventions that would help reduce risky sexual behaviours among school‐going adolescents.
Weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescent boys and girls: A cross‐lagged panel analysis
Authors: Hoffmann Svenja , Cortés‐García Laura , Warschburger Petra 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe goal of the present study was to identify the prospective relations between weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescents.MethodsSelf‐report data of 966 German male and female adolescents were analyzed in a cross‐lagged panel design.ResultsAnalyses of latent means revealed significant correlations between weight/shape concern and emotional problems as well as between muscularity concern and emotional problems in both genders. Moreover, weight/shape concern predicted emotional problems prospectively, but only in girls. Regarding muscularity concern, we could not find any prospective relation with emotional problems in boys or girls from the general population.ConclusionsIt is assumed that as appearance is highly relevant for the self‐concept in girls, concerns about the look might promote emotional problems. Thus, weight/shape concern should be addressed in the prevention of emotional problems in adolescent girls, whereas further research is necessary investigating the contribution of muscularity concern in this context.
Adverse childhood experiences leads to perceived negative attitude of others and the effect of adverse childhood experiences on depression in adulthood is mediated via negative attitude of others
Authors: Salokangas Raimo K.R. , From Tiina , Luutonen Sinikka , Hietala Jarmo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground:The attachment theory suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have an effect on how individuals perceive other people's attitude towards them. ACEs have also been associated with adult depression. We hypothesised that ACEs associate with perceived negative attitude of others (AoO) and depressive symptoms (DEPS), and that these associations differ between the genders.Methods:Altogether, 692 participants drawn from the general population completed the Trauma and Distress Scale, as a measurement of ACE and its domains: emotional abuse (EmoAb), physical abuse (PhyAb), sexual abuse (SexAb), emotional neglect (EmoNeg) and physical neglect (PhyNeg); a visual analog scale with the question: “What kind of attitude do other people take towards you?”, and the self-report scale DEPS on depressive symptoms.Results:ACEs, AoO and DEPS correlated strongly with each other. In path analyses, ACE total and all its domains associated directly and indirectly, via DEPS, to negative AoO in the whole sample, and in females separately. ACE total, EmoAb, PhyAb, EmoNeg and PhyNeg associated directly and indirectly, via AoO, to DEPS in the whole sample and in both genders separately. EmoNeg, in all, and EmoAB, in males, had specific associations both with negative AoO and DEPS. Mediation effect via AoO was greater than via DEPS.Conclusions:ACEs have a direct and indirect, via depression, negative effect on how adult individuals perceive other people's attitude towards themselves. Additionally, negative AoO mediates the effects of ACEs on depression. Childhood EmoNeg associates specifically with negative AoO and DEPS in adulthood.
Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell–based model for tauopathies combining three microtubule‐associated protein TAU mutations which displays several phenotypes linked to neurodegeneration
Authors: García‐León Juan Antonio , Cabrera‐Socorro Alfredo , Eggermont Kristel , Swijsen Ann , Terryn Joke , Fazal Raheem , Nami FatemehArefeh , Ordovás Laura , Quiles Ana , Lluis Frederic , Serneels Lutgarde , Wierda Keimpe , Sierksma Annerieke , Kreir Mohamed , Pestana Francisco , Van Damme Philip , De Strooper Bart , Thorrez Lieven , Ebneth Andreas , Verfaillie Catherine M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionTauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by TAU protein–related pathology, including frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease among others. Mutant TAU animal models are available, but none of them faithfully recapitulates human pathology and are not suitable for drug screening.MethodsTo create a new in vitro tauopathy model, we generated a footprint‐free triple MAPT‐mutant human induced pluripotent stem cell line (N279K, P301L, and E10+16 mutations) using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐FokI and piggyBac transposase technology.ResultsMutant neurons expressed pathogenic 4R and phosphorylated TAU, endogenously triggered TAU aggregation, and had increased electrophysiological activity. TAU‐mutant cells presented deficiencies in neurite outgrowth, aberrant sequence of differentiation to cortical neurons, and a significant activation of stress response pathways. RNA sequencing confirmed stress activation, demonstrated a shift toward GABAergic identity, and an upregulation of neurodegenerative pathways.DiscussionIn summary, we generated a novel in vitro human induced pluripotent stem cell TAU‐mutant model displaying neurodegenerative disease phenotypes that could be used for disease modeling and drug screening.
Double blinded randomized clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of several preparations for colonoscopy
Authors: Cortes Bruno Giusti Werneck , Cabral Raquel Martins , Carmo Guilherme Augusto Alves do , Queiroz Fábio Lopes de , Leite Sinara Mônica de Oliveira , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Ferreira Alexandre Silluzio , Alcici Marta Eugênia , Cortes Maria da Conceição Juste Werneck 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Introduction Colonoscopy is the screening gold standard to investigate several conditions in the colon. The excellence of preparation is a determining factor for a quality colonoscopy.
Objective Compare the quality of colon preparations for colonoscopy with different kinds of laxative medications in a public hospital of Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Method A prospective double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 2016 to March 2017. A total of 117 Patients were randomised in four groups to receive a type of preparation (Sodium picosulfate, Mannitol, Lactitol, Lactulose). The patients answered a questionnaire and peripheral blood samples were collected before and after the preparation.The quality of the cleansing was accessed according to the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale.
Results 99.1% of patients have taken the recommended dose and 79.5% reported a good tolerability. Endoscopists performed complete colonoscopy in 89.7%, with an polipectomy rate of 47%. The total effectiveness rate of the solutions were 88%. There were no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.271). Regarding the laboratory parameters, differences were seen in the pre- and post-test values of sodium, chlorine and creatinine but without exceeding reference values.
Conclusion The four preparations were effective for colon cleansing, with good acceptance, differing only as for costs.
The evolution of policing in post-soviet Russia: Paternalism versus service in police. Officers’ understanding of their role
Authors: Semukhina Olga 
Published: July 2018

This paper examines two interrelated issues: the role of police as an institution of Russian society and their role during the past 25 years. This research is based on a series of indepth interviews conducted by the author in 2014–2016 with former and current police officers in three Russian cities. The paper traces changes in the perceived institutional roles of the Russian police by comparing police officers’ views during three periods: early through mid-1990s, late-1990s through mid-2000s, and mid-2000s through 2010s. The study reports that, during the early period, Russian police were disfranchised from the state and this abandonment was a source of institutional identity crisis for law enforcement officers who remained on the job. This process was coupled with high levels of job dissatisfaction and the overall feeling of “abandonment” of police by the state.At the same time, it was during this post-Soviet period, when ideas of policing as a service to the society were introduced and sometimes entertained among the professional circles of police officers and other government officials. Furthermore, this period was marked by continuous, though often sporadic, institutional reforms and anti-corruption measures.In the second period, the Russian police were slowly engaging back into the state-building process, which caused increased job satisfaction and better retention rates. At the same time, the second period signified a decline of the “police as service” ideology and the comeback of paternalistic views on policing. During this time, the government’s efforts to reform police and anti-corruption measures became systemic and better organized. Also, in the second period, members of the civil society became more active in demanding public accountability and transparency from the Russian police.Finally, the modern period of police development presents a case in which the institutional identity of the Russian police has been clearly connected to the state’s capacity. This process is coupled with increased paternalistic views among police officers and a failure of “police as a service” doctrine. In such an environment, the efforts by a maturing civil society to demand public transparency and accountability of the police are often met with hostility and anger. The paper concludes that further development of the Russian police depends on the role that they will play within the modern Russian state.
Taste acceptability of thickening agents
Authors: Yver Christina M. , Kennedy William P. , Mirza Natasha 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivePatients with dysphagia are often unable to manage secretions and liquids, necessitating the use of commercial thickeners to decrease the likelihood of aspiration. This study aims to evaluate the effect of commercially available thickeners on hedonic perception of various liquids.MethodsForty subjects without preexisting dysphagia or anosmia were recruited from a tertiary care otorhinolaryngology clinic over a five‐month period. Participants were presented with samples of three unthickened liquids (ice water, chilled ginger ale, and hot coffee) and their thickened counterparts and asked to rate the taste acceptability of the liquids on an 11‐point visual analog scale. The study was reviewed by the hospital's Institutional Review Board and determined to be IRB exempt.ResultsA statistically significant preference for unthickened liquids over their thickened counterpart was observed across flavors (P < 0.0001). Of the thickened liquid samples, study participants expressed the strongest preference for thickened ginger ale.ConclusionThickened liquids are perceived as significantly less palatable than their unthickened counterparts, although ginger ale may be better tolerated when thickened than coffee or water. Providers should be aware of the impact of thickeners on taste acceptability when counseling patients with dysphagia.
Relict Topography Within the Hangay Mountains in Central Mongolia: Quantifying Long‐Term Exhumation and Relief Change in an Old Landscape
Authors: McDannell Kalin T. , Zeitler Peter K. , Idleman Bruce D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Hangay Mountains are a high‐elevation, low‐relief landscape within the greater Mongolian Plateau of central Asia. New bedrock apatite (U‐Th)/He single‐grain ages from the Hangay span ~70 to 200 Ma, with a mean of 122.7 ± 24.0 Ma (2σ). Detrital apatite samples from the Selenga and Orkhon Rivers, north of the mountains, yield dominant (U‐Th)/He age populations of ~115 to 130 Ma, as well as an older population not seen in the Hangay granitic bedrock data. These low‐temperature data record regional exhumation of central Mongolia in the Mesozoic followed by limited erosion of <1–2 km since the Cretaceous, ruling out rapid exhumation of this magnitude associated with any late Cenozoic uplift. Apatite (U‐Th)/He age elevation patterns suggest long‐term thermal stability of the upper crust and thermal model inversions require late Mesozoic uplift, spatially variable exhumation, and/or relief evolution to produce the observed cooling ages in the Hangay. Regionally, modeling suggests reduction of topography in the Jurassic followed by relief growth that was completed by the mid‐Cretaceous. These results support Mesozoic topographic evolution and relative stability of the landscape throughout the Cenozoic with very little subsequent exhumation. Alpine cirques and intact moraines are indicative of more recent, modest climate‐driven erosion in the higher peaks of the western Hangay. These data reinforce the notion that in the absence of strong tectonic or climate forcing, erosion is limited and remnant landscapes can persist over tens to hundreds of millions of years in a state of disequilibrium.
FIRI‐2018, an Updated Empirical Model of the Lower Ionosphere
Authors: Friedrich M. , Pock C. , Torkar K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe lower ionosphere is difficult to access from the ground, but also, in situ measurements by sounding rockets have their limitations. The semiempirical model of the nonauroral ionosphere FIRI (Faraday‐International Reference Ionosphere) was originally published in 2001 and is based on a simple ion‐chemical model of the lower ionosphere whose output is adjusted by the limited number of reliable in situ rocket measurements, all based on wave propagation methods. Since then some of the data were found to be questionable but could be replaced by about the same number of trustworthy data. In addition, a large number of electron density profiles based on Langmuir probes became available covering the altitude range from 51 to 90 km. These data are used to extend FIRI downward, providing results in a region that would otherwise not be covered at all. Caution was taken that these data do not impair the altitudes covered by wave propagation data which are unaffected by aerodynamic and payload potential effects. The resulting semiempirical model is available as 1980 profiles of electron densities between 60 and 150 km altitude (for 11 solar zenith angles from 0 to 130°, latitudes 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°, for three solar activities and the middle of each month).
MAVEN Observations of the Response of Martian Ionosphere to the Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections of March 2015
Authors: Thampi Smitha V. , Krishnaprasad C. , Bhardwaj Anil , Lee Yuni , Choudhary R. K. , Pant T. K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft provides an opportunity to observe the response of the Martian upper atmosphere to the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections. We study the response of Martian ionosphere to two successive solar disturbances during 3 and 4 March and 8 and 9 March 2015 using the observations from Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer and Langmuir Probe and Waves aboard Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN. During these events, the ionospheric boundary was significantly lowered. During 3 March the ionopause is seen to be at a lower altitude, compared to that during 8 March. The higher ionopause seen on 8 March could be due to the sustained effect of heating and inflation by the 3 March interplanetary coronal mass ejection event or due to the heating by the enhanced particle precipitation. The comparison of the O+/O
ratio indicates that there is a preferential decrease of O
and a relative enhancement in O+, probably due to increased dissociative recombination and charge exchange as a result of the higher solar wind densities during the 3 March event.
The Added Value of Assimilating Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture for Estimating Summertime Soil Moisture‐Air Temperature Coupling Strength
Authors: Dong Jianzhi , Crow Wade T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo date, the direct use of remote‐sensing soil moisture data sets for examining surface/atmosphere coupling strengths has been hampered by the presence of significant random errors and data gaps in these products. This study investigates the potential for obtaining an improved observation‐based lower bound of summertime soil moisture‐air temperature coupling strength via the assimilation of long‐term, remote‐sensing soil moisture data sets into a simple, prognostic model driven by observed rainfall. In particular, we utilize simultaneous scatterometer‐ and radiometer‐based soil moisture products obtained from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative soil moisture product and a triple collocation analysis approach to estimate the variance of modeling and observation errors (required as input by a data assimilation system). Results show that assimilating remotely sensed soil moisture leads to larger coupling strength estimates as measured by the absolute anomaly correlation with independent temperature observation data than those obtained from modeled or remotely sensed soil moisture alone. According to an analyses of soil moisture error impacts on coupling strength estimates, this increase in coupling strength is likely attributable to an improvement in the precision of the soil moisture product used to estimate it. Based on this, we conclude that data assimilation provides an improved lower bound on the magnitude of true coupling strength between soil moisture and screen‐level air temperature.
Climate Elasticity of Low Flows in the Maritime Western U.S. Mountains
Authors: Cooper M. G. , Schaperow J. R. , Cooley S. W. , Alam S. , Smith L. C. , Lettenmaier D. P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSummer streamflow is an important water resource during the dry summers in the western United States, but the sensitivity of summer minimum streamflow (low flow) to antecedent winter precipitation as compared with summer evaporative demand has not been quantified for the region. We estimate climatic elasticity of low flow (percent change in low flow divided by percent change in climatic forcing variable) with respect to annual maximum snow water equivalent (ESWE), winter precipitation (EPPT), and summer potential evapotranspiration (EPET) for 110 unmanaged headwater catchments in the maritime western U.S. mountains. We find that |EPET| is larger than |EPPT| and |ESWE| in every catchment studied and is 4–5 times larger than both, on average. Spatial variations in E are dominated by three patterns. First, |EPPT|, |ESWE|, and |EPET| are largest and most variable among semiarid catchments and decrease nonlinearly with increasing values of the humidity index (the ratio of annual precipitation to annual evaporative demand). Second, |EPPT| and |EPET| are lower in snow‐dominated catchments than in rain‐dominated catchments, suggesting that snow cover reduces the proportional response of low flows to climatic variability. Third, |EPPT|, |ESWE|, and |EPET| are lower in slow‐draining catchments than in fast‐draining catchments, for which baseflow recession storage coefficients are used to represent the rate at which catchment water storage is translated into streamflow. Our results provide the first comparison of summer low‐flow elasticity to PPT versus PET and its spatial variation in the maritime western U.S. mountains.