bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing Alternative Literary Canons in Ming Dynasty China (1368–1644): A Preliminary Case Study
Authors: Clifford Timothy 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Well over one hundred classical essay anthologies were published during the printing boom in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Ming dynasty China. These anthologies testify to a voracious appetite for “ancient-style prose” (guwen) among the expanding reading public, and their contents represent a valuable resource for studying the formation of taste during this crucial moment in literary history. But how are we to compare the contents of such a large group of anthologies, when each individual anthology contains at least a few hundred individual selections? How might such a method clarify or revise our understanding of Ming literary culture? This article describes how Gephi was used to compare the contents of thirty-four anthologies and visualize clusters of anthologies corresponding to distinct editorial strategies. The author argues that the synchronic and diachronic relationships among these clusters suggest a new way of narrating Ming literary history in terms of successive waves of alternative canon building, each wave representing a new critique of the civil service examination curriculum's overriding focus on model examination essays. He also shows that, whereas the Qin-Han and transdynastic canons were first promulgated in a mix of government and commercial anthologies, the xiaopin 小品 (informal essay) canon was purely the invention of early seventeenth-century commercial printers.
Rapid clearance of cellular debris by microglia limits secondary neuronal cell death after brain injury in vivo
Authors: Herzog Chiara , Pons Garcia Laura , Keatinge Marcus , Greenald David , Moritz Christian , Peri Francesca , Herrgen Leah 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes widespread neuronal cell death. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, react to injury by migrating to the lesion site, where they phagocytose cellular debris. Microglial phagocytosis can have both beneficial (e.g. debris clearance) and detrimental (e.g. respiratory burst, phagoptosis) consequences. Hence, whether the overall effect of microglial phagocytosis after brain injury in vivo is neuroprotective or neurotoxic is not known. Here, we establish a system with which to carry out dynamic real-time analyses of the mechanisms regulating cell death after brain injury in vivo. We show that mechanical injury to the larval zebrafish brain induces distinct phases of primary and secondary cell death. Excitotoxicity contributes to secondary cell death in zebrafish, reflecting findings from mammals. Microglia arrive at the lesion site within minutes of injury, where they rapidly engulf dead cells. Importantly, the rate of secondary cell death is increased when the rapid removal of cellular debris by microglia is reduced pharmacologically or genetically. In summary, our results provide evidence that microglial debris clearance is neuroprotective after brain injury in vivo.
Heterotypic contact inhibition of locomotion can drive cell sorting between epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations
Authors: Brayford Simon , Kenny Fiona N. , Hiratsuka Toru , Serna-Morales Eduardo , Yolland Lawrence , Luchici Andrei , Stramer Brian M. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Interactions between different cell types can induce distinct contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) responses that are hypothesised to control population-wide behaviours during embryogenesis. However, our understanding of the signals that lead to cell-type specific repulsion and the precise capacity of heterotypic CIL responses to drive emergent behaviours is lacking. Using a new model of heterotypic CIL, we show that fibrosarcoma cells, but not fibroblasts, are actively repelled by epithelial cells in culture. We show that knocking down EphB2 or ERK in fibrosarcoma cells specifically leads to disruption of the repulsion phase of CIL in response to interactions with epithelial cells. We also examine the population-wide effects when these various cell combinations are allowed to interact in culture. Unlike fibroblasts, fibrosarcoma cells completely segregate from epithelial cells and inhibiting their distinct CIL response by knocking down EphB2 or ERK family proteins also disrupts this emergent sorting behaviour. These data suggest that heterotypic CIL responses, in conjunction with processes such as differential adhesion, may aid the sorting of cell populations.
Are evidence-based vasectomy surgical techniques performed in low-resource countries?
Authors: Labrecque Michel 
Published: May 2019

Background: Research evidence published 10 to 15 years ago has shown that the type of vasectomy surgical technique performed can influence the effectiveness and the safety of the procedure. The objective of this study was to determine if evidence-based vasectomy surgical techniques are integrated in the vasectomy programs of selected low-resource countries. Methods: The surgical techniques recommended to perform the two steps of the vasectomy procedure (isolation/exposition and occlusion of the vas deferens) were extracted from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Documents describing male sterilisation standards and practice from Kenya, Rwanda, India, Nepal, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia and Haiti were reviewed to assess adequacy with international guideline recommendations. Results: Best recommended techniques are 1) a minimally invasive technique including the no-scalpel technique (known as the no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV)) to isolate and expose the vas deferens, and 2) cautery of the mucosa of the vas preferably combined with interposition of the fascia (FI) to occlude the vas deferens. The NSV is largely adopted and performed to isolate the vas in selected low-resources countries. Ligation and excision (LE) of a small segment of the vas deferens combined with FI is the most common vas occlusion technique mentioned in the country standards. Cautery as recommended in the guidelines is seldom used in selected countries. Conclusions: Effective and adapted vasectomy vas occlusion techniques are available, but are still underused in many low-resource countries. Providing the most effective vasectomy surgical techniques increases users’ confidence and satisfaction regarding male sterilization and may lead to higher acceptability and uptake.
Infections of the hand: an overview
Authors: Flevas Dimitrios A. , Syngouna Sophia , Fandridis Emmanouel , Tsiodras Sotirios , Mavrogenis Andreas F. 
Published: May 2019

Infections of the hand are common entities that are frequently encountered by orthopaedic surgeons and primary care physicians. A high clinical suspicion and a thorough medical history with information about the social and working history of the patients, correct identification of the type and cause of the infection, and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment by the infectious diseases physicians and orthopaedic surgeons are required. Late diagnosis and inappropriate treatment may be a significant cause of morbidity for the hand and mortality for the patients. This article reviews the clinical spectrum and microbiology of the most common infections of the hand, and discusses the current concepts for their treatment. The aim is to increase the awareness of the treating physicians of the diagnosis and management of infections in the hand.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:183-193. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180082
A novel chemical-consolidation sand control composition: Foam amino resin system
Authors: Shang Xiaosen , Bai Yingrui , Wang Zengbao , Wang Quan , Dong Changyin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel chemical-consolidation method based foam amino resin system of sand control systems in the oilfield is reported. This sand control technique is more superior to the conventional method owing to its advantages such as the outstanding resistance and lower density as well as simple process preparation. The apparent density of the foam resin system ranges from 0.528 g/cm3 to 0.634 g/cm3 at room temperature. Moreover, the system has excellent foaming properties and excellent compatibility with the formation fluids. In addition, the foam amino resin sand consolidation system was optimized and investigated. Simultaneously, the sand-fixing performance of the foam resin system was comprehensively assessed. The optimized conditions are as follows: curing temperature, 60°C; curing time, 12 h; consolidated core compressive strength, 6.28 MPa. Furthermore, the consolidated core showed remarkable resistance to the formation fluids. In summary, the foam resin system effectively met the requirements of the sand control and the horizontal wells in the oilfield.
Properties of carbon black-PEDOT composite prepared via in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization
Authors: Xie Yong , Zhang Shi-Hao , Jiang Hai-Yun , Zeng Hui , Wu Ruo-Mei , Chen Hong , Gao Ya-Fang , Huang Yi-Yang , Bai Hai-Long 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new conductive composite composed of nanoscale carbon black (CB) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was prepared by a simple in-situ polymerization. The morphology of the composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The structure and thermal stability were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of CB improved the agglomerated state of PEDOT. On the one hand, CB effectively hindered the agglomeration of PEDOT during the polymerization. Thus, the obtained CB-PEDOT composite dispersed well in solution, which can facilitate the reprocessing of CB-PEDOT. On the other hand, CB covered most of the surface of PEDOT, which enhanced the electrical conductivity of CB-PEDOT. Furthermore, the interfacial interaction between CB and PEDOT improved the thermal stability of CB-PEDOT. The findings of this research suggest that CB can replace polyelectrolyte poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) to achieve reprocessable materials for certain applications.
En torno al estudio hispánico de la microficción contemporánea: objeciones a la consideración del microrrelato como texto narrativo
Authors: Vázquez Jorge Gómez 
Published: May 2019

Resumen
En este estudio exponemos ciertas objeciones sobre la concepción del microrrelato como texto narrativo, pues la particular narratividad del fenómeno aludido, también denominado minicuento o minificción, no resulta acorde con aquella delimitación, tanto por los frecuentes casos de elisión parcial o completa de la secuencia textual narrativa, por ejemplo, como por los constantes casos de hibridez narrativa entremezclada de elementos no narrativos. En este sentido, la denominación de microficción resulta un término más distintivo, integral e idóneo para este singular género estudiado.
El discurso (pre)ensayístico en los inicios del pensamiento económico español (1600–1795): la deixis de primera persona
Authors: Méndez Orense María 
Published: May 2019

Resumen
Con este trabajo, pretendemos hacer una nueva aportación a la descripción lingüística del género ensayístico hispánico en sus primeras etapas históricas. En concreto, el objetivo es delimitar los valores pragmático-discursivos que adquieren las formas deícticas de primera persona y hacer hincapié en los cambios evolutivos que se aprecian en la franja temporal acotada (1600–1795). Para este fin se analiza un corpus formado por ocho textos pertenecientes a una tradición discursiva, cuya finalidad perlocutiva es impulsar una serie de medidas de reforma económica que resuelvan los problemas financieros del país.
Por qué no hacemos (una) mención como hacemos (una) colección
Authors: Pérez Rafael García 
Published: May 2019

Resumen
Las combinaciones de los sustantivos mención y colección con el verbo hacer no dan lugar a construcciones idénticas. De ahí que no podamos separar las estructuras determinadas y estructuras no determinadas como si dieran lugar, en todos los casos, a construcciones sintáctico-semánticas homogéneas. Las diferencias entre hacer (una) mención y hacer (una) colección están íntimamente ligadas al carácter predicativo o argumental de los sustantivos, lo que, a su vez, encuentra su explicación en causas históricas. De hecho, los dos sustantivos han evolucionado de manera bastante diferente a partir de sus étimos latinos.
Open Access in the Economic Sphere but Restricted Access in the Political Sphere: The Experience of Singapore
Authors: Yu Guanghua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article uses the case of Singapore to argue that the theory of open access order advocated by North and his colleagues provides one possible option only. Although their theory of open access order explains the West relatively well, it does not always apply to contemporary non-Western countries. Similar to the cases of India and Japan examined elsewhere, the case of Singapore shows that what is more important to economic and human development is the open access in the economic sphere and the interconnected institutions in the area of property rights protection and contract enforcement, financial market, rule of law, and human resource accumulation. In other words, countries without open access in the political sphere as practiced in Singapore may also be able to achieve a great deal of success in terms of economic and human development if they ensure open access in the economic sphere and devote adequate resources to establishing the necessary interconnected institutions examined in this article. Further research elsewhere on China will similarly demonstrate this insight.
Physicochemical Properties of Oxalic Acid-Modified Chitosan/Neem Leave Composites from Pessu River Crab Shell
Authors: Asokogene Oluwadayo Francis , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad , Idris Misau Muhammad , Abdulsalam Surajudeen , Usman Aliyu El-Nafaty 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of chitosan from Pessu river crab shell and its derivatives as prospective adsorbent. The synthesized chitosan (CH) was modified with 10 % (w/v) oxalic acid (CHOx), while the composites (CHOx-ANL1, CHOx-ANL2 and CHOx-ANL3) were designated according to the amount of activated neem leave (ANL). The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermal gravimetric (TGA) and methylene blue dye adsorption. The FTIR spectra of chitosan samples show the characteristics of primary and secondary amine/amide groups. The SEM images exhibit a tight, porous and fractured surface, which is covered with activated neem leave for the composites. The BET surface area of chitosan materials is in the increasing order of, CH < CHOx-ANL1 < CHOx-ANL2 < CHOx < CHOx-ANL3. CHOx-ANL3 displays a higher surface area of 389 m2/g, and 70.9 % mesoporosity. Despite its lower surface area of 258 m2/g (65.4 % mesoporosity), CHOx-ANL1 exhibits a greater methylene blue adsorption of 90.8 mg/g at dye concentration of 300 mg/L. The possible removal mechanisms include ionic interaction between dye molecules and functional groups, and surface adsorption due to the textural properties of chitosan samples. Chitosan from Pessu river crab shell and its derivatives are promising adsorbent candidate for dyes and heavy metals removal from water.
Sprachtransfer aus dem Englischen bei chinesischen Deutschlernenden – eine quantitative Studie
Authors: QI Dongdong 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
In der heutigen Welt lernen immer mehr Leute mehr als eine Fremdsprache. In China lernt man in der Regel Englisch als seine erste Fremdsprache schon in der Grundschule, Mittelschule und Oberschule. Manche Studierende lernen erst an der Universität eine neue Fremdsprache. Das Englische und das Deutsche stammen beide aus der indoeuropäischen Sprachfamilie. Die Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den beiden Sprachen beeinflussen den Prozess des Deutschlernens. Das nennt sich Sprachtransfer. Dieser Sprachtransfer kann dabei entweder positiv oder negativ sein. Die vorliegende Studie lehnt sich an die Theorie vom Sprachtransfer an. Eine kontrastive Analyse zwischen Deutsch und Englisch wird auf der Ebene der Phonetik, Morphologie und Syntax eingeleitet. Um Kenntnisse darüber zu erlangen, wie die Deutschlernenden den Sprachtransfer selbst einschätzen, wurde eine Umfrage durchgeführt. Die gesammelten Daten wurden mithilfe des Programms Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) bewertet. Die Korrelation zwischen der Zeitdauer des Deutschlernens und dem Sprachtransfer aus dem Englischen wurde erforscht. Auf dieser Basis wird diskutiert, wie man mit Deutsch und Englisch umgehen und Deutsch effizient lernen kann.
Random walk on rectangles and parallelepipeds algorithm for solving transient anisotropic drift-diffusion-reaction problems
Authors: Sabelfeld Karl K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper a random walk on arbitrary rectangles (2D) and parallelepipeds (3D) algorithm
is developed for solving transient anisotropic
drift-diffusion-reaction equations. The method is meshless, both in space and time.
The approach is based on a rigorous representation
of the first passage time and exit point distributions for arbitrary rectangles and parallelepipeds.
The probabilistic representation is then transformed to a form convenient for
stochastic simulation. The method can be used to calculate fluxes to any desired part of the boundary,
from arbitrary sources. A global version of the method we call here as a stochastic expansion from cell to cell (SECC) algorithm for calculating the whole solution field
is suggested. Application of this method to solve a system of transport equations for electrons and holes
in a semicoductor is discussed. This system consists of the continuity equations for particle densities and a Poisson equation
for electrostatic potential.
To validate the method we have derived a series of exact solutions of the drift-diffusion-reaction
problem in a three-dimensional layer presented in the last section in details.
Topologically protected entangled photonic states
Authors: Wang Michelle , Doyle Cooper , Bell Bryn , Collins Matthew J. , Magi Eric , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Segev Mordechai , Blanco-Redondo Andrea 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Entangled multiphoton states lie at the heart of quantum information, computing, and communications. In recent years, topology has risen as a new avenue to robustly transport quantum states in the presence of fabrication defects, disorder, and other noise sources. Whereas topological protection of single photons and correlated photons has been recently demonstrated experimentally, the observation of topologically protected entangled states has thus far remained elusive. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the topological protection of spatially entangled biphoton states. We observe robustness in crucial features of the topological biphoton correlation map in the presence of deliberately introduced disorder in the silicon nanophotonic structure, in contrast with the lack of robustness in non-topological structures. The topological protection is shown to ensure the coherent propagation of the entangled topological modes, which may lead to robust propagation of quantum information in disordered systems.
Not a fact: A synchronic analysis of el hecho de and o facto de
Authors: Amaral Patrícia , Delicado Cantero Manuel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper provides empirical evidence showing that the clause-taking nominals el hecho de (Spanish) and o facto de (Portuguese) are not reliable tests of factivity of predicates, as commonly assumed in the literature. Naturally occurring data from both languages show that these nominals are compatible with a wide range of predicates and that they occur in sentences with both factive and non-factive interpretations. Our findings contribute to the debate on the syntactic and semantic properties of clause-taking nominal constructions, clausal nominalization in Ibero-Romance, and to current research on the nature of factivity.
On the performance of information criteria for model identification of count time series
Authors: Weiß Christian H. , Feld Martin H.-J.M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Model fitting for count time series is of great relevance for many economic applications. Here, we focus on the step of model selection, where information criteria like AIC and BIC are commonly used in practice. Previous studies about their model selection abilities concentrated on real-valued time series, but here, we comprehensively investigate AIC and BIC in a count time series context. In our simulations, we consider diverse scenarios of model selection, like the identification of serial (in)dependence, overdispersion, zero inflation or a trend, the order selection within a given model family as well as the model selection also across model families. We apply our findings to economic count time series about monthly numbers of strikes in the US, and about monthly numbers of corporate insolvencies in the districts of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Fatigue Crack Initiation Life Prediction of the Rubber Damper Based on Seq-N Curve of Rubber Material
Authors: Dong Yifeng , Yao Xuefeng , Li Jinshan , Shen Yun , Wu Ruifeng , Ke Yuchao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this article, the fatigue crack initiation life of the rubber damper is predicted based on the Seq−N curve of rubber material. First, the general expression of the equivalent stress Seq and the fatigue crack initiation life Nf of rubber material are derived under different stress states. Second, the fatigue crack initiation life of a dumbbell-type rubber specimen under different tension strains are measured, and the fatigue parameters of the rubber material are obtained by fitting the experimental results under the uniaxial stress condition. Thus, the equivalent stresses Seq of the dangerous node in the rubber damper are obtained under different working conditions by means of the finite element numerical model. Finally, the fatigue lives of the rubber dampers are obtained by combining the general expressions of the fatigue crack initiation life Nf of rubber material with the equivalent stress Seq of the dangerous node, which are closer to the fatigue crack initiation life experimental results of the rubber damper than the fatigue life obtained based on the εGL,max−N curve. The results indicate the effectiveness for predicting the fatigue crack initiation life of the rubber damper based on the Seq−N curve of the rubber material.