bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What we say and what we mean when we say redundancy and robustness of the chemokine system – how CCR5 challenges these concepts
Authors: Ellwanger Joel H , Kaminski Valéria de L , Chies José AB 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClassically, robustness and redundancy are features that define the intricate and connected functioning of the chemokine system. Following these ideas, the lack of a particular chemokine or chemokine receptor could be compensated by the presence of other molecules with similar functions, ensuring robustness to the systems. Although these concepts are generally accepted, they represent an oversimplification of a highly complex system that works in a context‐dependent manner. Based on different studies, and taking as an example the chemokine receptor CCR5 (C–C chemokine receptor type 5) and the genetic variant CCR5Δ32, which on several occasions challenge the classical concepts of redundancy and robustness of the chemokine system, we will discuss and question this general and oversimplified point of view.
Structural origin of the anomalous density maximum in silica and alkali silicate glasses
Authors: Shih Yueh‐Ting , Sundararaman Siddharth , Huang Liping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSilica, sharing the same tetrahedral order and many structural, thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies with water, has been speculated to have a density increase upon melting similar to water. In this work, an increase in density upon melting cristobalite silica and a shallow density maximum followed by a density minimum during cooling of silica liquid are observed in classical molecular dynamics simulations. The density maximum gradually diminishes with the increase in alkali size/content in alkali silicate glasses. The structural origin of the anomalous density maximum in silica is revealed by detailed structural analysis. During the cooling process, a range of rings with different sizes form in liquid silica, with 6‐member rings being the most dominant, which cause the silica network to open up and compensate the regular volume shrinkage upon cooling. These two competing factors lead to a density maximum, but to a less extent than that observed in melting of cristobalite silica. With the increase in modifier size/content in the alkali silicate glasses, the connectivity of silica network gradually breaks down; the population of 6‐member rings decrease with the increase in smaller or larger rings, therefore the density maximum becomes less obvious and eventually disappears.
Applying the self‐determination theory to develop a school‐to‐work peer mentoring programme to promote social inclusion
Authors: Fisher Marisa H. , Athamanah Lindsay S. , Sung Connie , Josol Cynde Katherine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSocial inclusion of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is related to positive mental health and social outcomes; yet, individuals with IDD experience societal barriers that limit opportunities for community participation. Providing opportunities for interactions between individuals with and without IDD through peer mentoring may diminish barriers and improve community inclusion. Guided by the self‐determination theory, the current report describes the development of a peer mentoring programme to promote the natural process of building intrinsic motivation and personal growth through opportunities for individuals without disabilities to socialize with individuals with IDD on a large university campus and throughout the surrounding community. The theoretical framework that informed the development of the peer mentoring programme is described, as well as the participants, the setting in which the programme is situated, the structure of the programme, the initial impacts and improvement of the programme over time, including approaches to sustainability, and implications for future research and practice.
Factors that predict good Active Support in services for people with intellectual disabilities: A multilevel model
Authors: Bigby Christine , Bould Emma , Iacono Teresa , Kavanagh Shane , Beadle‐Brown Julie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundActive Support, now widely adopted by disability support organizations, is difficult to implement. The study aim was to identify the factors associated with good Active Support.MethodsData on service user and staff characteristics, quality of Active Support and practice leadership were collected from a sample of services from 14 organizations annually for between 2 and 7 years, using questionnaires, structured observations and interviews. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling (MLM).ResultsPredictors of good Active Support were adaptive behaviour, practice leadership, Active Support training, and time since its implementation. Heterogeneity, having more than six people in a service and larger organizations were associated with lower quality of Active Support.ConclusionsIn order to ensure that Active Support is consistently implemented, and thus, quality of life outcomes improved, organizations need to pay attention to both service design and support for staff through training and practice leadership.
Youth experiencing transitional and temporary homelessness: A pilot study
Authors: Saldanha Ken , Raymond D. Marty 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHomeless youth represent a vulnerable and understudied population, particularly those among them who are hidden, experiencing transitional or temporary homelessness. Little research focuses on this group, including the methods and settings to identify and tailor interventions to their circumstances. Given the immediate risks and possible transition to chronic homelessness, their identification is critical for prevention and intervention efforts. This exploratory pilot study investigated transitional and temporary homelessness among youth. The study demonstrated the ability to identify such participants. Twenty participants completed a survey that measured demographics, behavioral risk factors, and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis, 1993). Reports of relationships with parents varied. They included positive maternal relationships, but also concerns about intrafamilial conflict. While frequent change of schools was reported, generally positive feelings toward school were expressed. Social relationships suggest limited exposure to other homeless youth. Some substance abuse was noted, possibly at lower rates than expected for hard drugs. The BSI results are suggestive of health concerns. The study demonstrated that it is possible to capture children experiencing transitional or temporary homelessness in alternative school settings. It is essential that efforts be made to identify them and provide early supports toward preventing chronic homelessness.
Patients' and clinicians' perspectives on shared decision‐making regarding treatment decisions for depression, anxiety disorders, and obsessive‐compulsive disorder in specialized psychiatric care
Authors: Rodenburg‐Vandenbussche Sumayah , Carlier Ingrid , van Vliet Irene , van Hemert Albert , Stiggelbout Anne , Zitman Frans 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesPeople worldwide are affected by psychiatric disorders that lack a “best” treatment option. The role of shared decision‐making (SDM) in psychiatric care seems evident, yet remains limited. Research on SDM in specialized mental health is scarce, concentrating on patients with depressive disorder or psychiatric disorders in general and less on patients with anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Furthermore, recent research concentrates on the evaluation of interventions to promote and measure SDM rather than on the feasibility of SDM in routine practice. This study investigated patients' and clinicians' perspectives on SDM to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and OCD as to better understand SDM in specialized psychiatric care and its challenges in clinical practice.MethodsTranscripts of eight focus groups with 17 outpatients and 33 clinicians were coded, and SDM‐related codes were analysed using thematic analyses.ResultsMotivators, responsibilities, and preconditions regarding SDM were defined. Patients thought SDM should be common practice given the autonomy they have over their own bodies and felt responsible for their treatments. Clinicians value SDM for obtaining patients' consent, promoting treatment adherence, and establishing a good patient‐clinician relationship. Patients and clinicians thought clinicians assumed the most responsibility regarding the initiation and achievement of SDM in clinical practice. According to clinicians, preconditions were often not met, were influenced by illness severity, and formed important barriers (eg, patient's decision‐making capacity, treatment availability, and clinicians' preferences), leading to paternalistic decision‐making. Patients recognized these difficulties, but felt none of these preclude the implementation of SDM. Personalized information and more consultation time could facilitate SDM.ConclusionsPatients and clinicians in specialized psychiatric care value SDM, but adapting it to daily practice remains challenging. Clinicians are vital to the implementation of SDM and should become versed in how to involve patients in the decision‐making process, even when this is difficult.
Primary and secondary oocyte growth dynamics in anadromous semelparous Allis shad Alosa alosa
Authors: Mouchlianitis Foivos A. , Belo Ana F. , Vieira Ana R. , Quintella Bernardo R. , Almeida Pedro R. , Ganias Kostas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe analysed the ovarian dynamics of the anadromous semelparous allis shad Alosa alosa for which our working hypothesis was that mature pre‐spawning females would have very low or even exhausted primary growth (PG) oocyte reserves; semelparity has been linked with the depletion of the pool of PG oocytes. To test this hypothesis, the PG oocytes were enumerated, their recruitment pattern to the secondary growth (SG) phase was analysed and their potential replenishment from the pool of oogonia was examined in females caught very close to the Mondego River mouth, in central Portugal and along the river. The development of the SG oocytes was also analysed, the fecundity (batch, total and annual) values were estimated and the intensity of atresia was quantified. Ovarian samples and histological sections were investigated in parallel. A dynamic recruitment pattern of PG oocytes to the SG phase was revealed, where all PG oocytes were recruited and were not replenished by oogonia. Annual fecundity was subject to down‐regulation due to atresia prior to spawning and its size was multiple times higher than the size of batch fecundity. Lack of population synchronicity in ovarian development and spawning migration was also observed. This multifaceted analysis of the ovarian dynamics of this species will contribute to management efforts for this critically endangered and economically important fish throughout its geographical distribution. The results reported in this study will also assist in unravelling the complexity of the early processes of oogenesis in fish.
Validation of Thai version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale: Validation among Thai adults with physical disabilities
Authors: Sermsuti‐Anuwat Nithimar , Pongpanich Sathirakorn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo validate the Thai version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD‐Th) among Thai adults with physical disabilities.MethodsThe original Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD) was translated into Thai (HeLD‐Th). The final version of the HeLD‐Th was evaluated through a cross‐sectional study of 160 participants in Thailand. Interview questionnaires and oral examination were performed. The reliability and validity of the HeLD‐Th were determined.ResultsThe internal consistency was acceptable, with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.76. The face and content validity were confirmed. Sufficient construct validity was revealed by exploratory factor analysis. The convergent validity (P ≤ .013) and discriminant validity (P = .017) were estimated. The concurrent validity and predictive validity were confirmed by significantly higher HeLD‐Th scores (P < .001). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that approximately 60% of the variation in the HeLD‐Th scores was explained by the final model.ConclusionThe HeLD‐Th has sufficient psychometric properties to assess the oral health literacy of Thai adults with mild to moderate disabilities. There are some limitations of the study due to the small sample size, and the results are specific to Thai adults with disabilities. Future studies using the HeLD‐Th scale are recommended.
Life cycle assessment of emerging technologies: Evaluation techniques at different stages of market and technical maturity
Authors: Bergerson Joule A. , Brandt Adam , Cresko Joe , Carbajales‐Dale Michael , MacLean Heather L. , Matthews H. Scott , McCoy Sean , McManus Marcelle , Miller Shelie A. , Morrow William R. , Posen I. Daniel , Seager Thomas , Skone Timothy , Sleep Sylvia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) analysts are increasingly being asked to conduct life cycle‐based systems level analysis at the earliest stages of technology development. While early assessments provide the greatest opportunity to influence design and ultimately environmental performance, it is the stage with the least available data, greatest uncertainty, and a paucity of analytic tools for addressing these challenges. While the fundamental approach to conducting an LCA of emerging technologies is akin to that of LCA of existing technologies, emerging technologies pose additional challenges. In this paper, we present a broad set of market and technology characteristics that typically influence an LCA of emerging technologies and identify questions that researchers must address to account for the most important aspects of the systems they are studying. The paper presents: (a) guidance to identify the specific technology characteristics and dynamic market context that are most relevant and unique to a particular study, (b) an overview of the challenges faced by early stage assessments that are unique because of these conditions, (c) questions that researchers should ask themselves for such a study to be conducted, and (d) illustrative examples from the transportation sector to demonstrate the factors to consider when conducting LCAs of emerging technologies. The paper is intended to be used as an organizing platform to synthesize existing methods, procedures and insights and guide researchers, analysts and technology developer to better recognize key study design elements and to manage expectations of study outcomes.
On What States Do Prices Depend? Answers From Ecuador
Authors: BENEDICT CRAIG , CRUCINI MARIO J. , LANDRY ANTHONY 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe frequency of retail price adjustment differs across goods, both in low inflationary environments, such has the United States, and in high inflationary environments typical of less developed countries. We develop a multishock menu cost model in which retailers intermediate trade between producers and consumers. Since the cost share of intermediate inputs varies across goods, the model produces a cross‐sectional distribution of frequency of price adjustment even though firms face a common menu cost. The model is evaluated using a rich micropanel of retail prices in Ecuador in a period spanning a financial crisis and subsequent dollarization.
Dopamine beta‐hydroxylase and its genetic variants in human health and disease
Authors: Gonzalez‐Lopez Eugene , Vrana Kent E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDopamine beta‐hydroxylase (DβH) is an essential neurotransmitter‐synthesizing enzyme that catalyzes the formation of norepinephrine (NE) from dopamine and has been extensively studied since its discovery in the 1950s. NE serves as a neurotransmitter in both the central and peripheral nervous systems and is the precursor to epinephrine synthesis in the brain and adrenal medulla. Alterations in noradrenergic signaling have been linked to both central nervous system and peripheral pathologies. DβH protein, which is found in circulation, can, therefore, be evaluated as a marker of norepinephrine function in a plethora of different disorders and diseases. In many of these diseases, DβH protein availability and activity are believed to contribute to disease presentation or select symptomology and are believed to be under strong genetic control. Alteration in the DβH protein by genetic polymorphisms may result in DβH becoming rate‐limiting and directly contributing to lower NE and epinephrine levels and disease. With the completion of the human genome project and the advent of next‐generation sequencing, new insights have been gained into the existence of naturally occurring DβH sequencing variants (genetic polymorphisms) in disease. Also, biophysical tools coupled with genetic sequences are illuminating structure‐function relationships within the enzyme. In this review, we discuss the role of genetic variants in DβH and its role in health and disease.
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Vitamin A deficiency impairs contextual fear memory in rats: Abnormalities in the glucocorticoid pathway
Authors: Bonhomme Damien , Alfos Serge , Webster Scott P. , Wolff Mathieu , Pallet Véronique , Touyarot Katia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVitamin A and its active metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), play a key role in the maintenance of cognitive functions in the adult brain. Depletion of RA using the vitamin A deficiency (VAD) model in Wistar rats leads to spatial memory deficits in relation to elevated intrahippocampal basal corticosterone (CORT) levels and increased hippocampal 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) activity. All of these effects are normalised by vitamin A supplementation. However, it is unknown whether vitamin A status also modulates contextual fear conditioning (CFC) in a glucocorticoid‐associated fear memory task dependent on the functional integrity of the hippocampus. In the present study, we investigated the impact of VAD and vitamin A supplementation in adult male rats on fear memory processing, plasma CORT levels, hippocampal retinoid receptors and 11β‐HSD1 expression following a novelty‐induced stress. We also examined whether vitamin A supplementation or a single injection of UE2316, a selective 11β‐HSD1 inhibitor, known to modulate local glucocorticoid levels, had any beneficial effects on contextual fear memory and biochemical parameters in VAD rats. We provide evidence that VAD rats exhibit a decreased fear conditioning response during training with a poor contextual fear memory 24 hours later. These VAD‐induced cognitive impairments are associated with elevated plasma CORT levels under basal conditions, as well as following a stressful event, with saturated CORT release, altered hippocampal retinoid receptors and 11β‐HSD1 expression. Vitamin A supplementation normalises VAD‐induced fear conditioning training deficits and all biochemical effects, although it cannot prevent fear memory deficits. Moreover, a single injection of UE2316 not only impairs contextual fear memory, but also reduces plasma CORT levels, regardless of the vitamin A status and decreases slightly hippocampal 11β‐HSD1 activity in VAD rats following stress. The present study highlights the importance of vitamin A status with respect to modulating fear memory conditioning in relation to plasma CORT levels and hippocampal 11β‐HSD1.
The efficacy and safety of permethrin 2.5% with tea tree oil gel on rosacea treatment: A double‐blind, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ebneyamin Elnaz , Mansouri Parvin , Rajabi Mehdi , Qomi Mahnaz , Asgharian Ramin , Azizian Zahra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a chronic skin condition that typically affects the face and it results in redness and inflammation. The main risk factors of this disease are Demodex folliculorum, living in the pilosebaceous units.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safty of permethrin 2.5% in combination with tea tree oil (TTO) topical gel versus placebo on Demodex density (Dd) and clinical manifestation using standard skin surface biopsy (SSSB) in rosacea patients.Patient/MethodsIn this double‐blind, randomized clinical trial, 47 papulopustular rosacea patients were enrolled, with 35 patients finishing the 12 weeks of treatment. Each patient used permethrin 2.5% with TTO on one side of the face and a placebo on the other, twice daily for 12 weeks. SSSB, photography and clinical rosacea scores according to National Rosacea Society, as well as adverse drug reaction (ADRs) were reported at the baseline, 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 12th weeks.ResultsA total of 47 patients were enrolled with papulopustular rosacea, and 35 patients finished the study. The effects of permethrin 2.5% with TTO gel on mite density were significant at week 5, 8, 12 (P value = .001). Clinical features and global assessments showed papules, pustules and nontransient erythema had improvement in drug group after 12 weeks (P values <.05). The improvement of burning and stinging and dry appearance was greater than the placebo gel (P value <.05). Itching in placebo group was significantly more than other group (P value = .002).ConclusionAdministration of permethrin 2.5% with TTO gel demonstrated good efficacy and safety in rosacea. This topical gel inhibited the inflammatory effects of rosacea and reduced Demodex mite.
Embodying person‐centred being and doing: Leading towards person‐centred care in nursing homes as narrated by managers
Authors: Backman Annica , Ahnlund Petra , Sjögren Karin , Lövheim Hugo , McGilton Katherine S. , Edvardsson David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore how managers describe leading towards person‐centred care in Swedish nursing homes.BackgroundAlthough a growing body of research knowledge exists highlighting the importance of leadership to promote person‐centred care, studies focused on nursing home managers' own descriptions of leading their staff towards providing person‐centred care is lacking.DesignDescriptive interview study. COREQ guidelines have been applied.MethodsThe study consisted of semi‐structured interviews with 12 nursing home managers within 11 highly person‐centred nursing homes purposively selected from a nationwide survey of nursing homes in Sweden. Data collection was performed in April 2017, and the data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsLeading towards person‐centred care involved a main category; embodying person‐centred being and doing, with four related categories: operationalising person‐centred objectives; promoting a person‐centred atmosphere; maximising person‐centred team potential; and optimising person‐centred support structures.ConclusionsThe findings revealed that leading towards person‐centred care was described as having a personal understanding of the PCC concept and how to translate it into practice, and maximising the potential of and providing support to care staff, within a trustful and innovative work place. The findings also describe how managers co‐ordinate several aspects of care simultaneously, such as facilitating, evaluating and refining the translation of person‐centred philosophy into synchronised care actions.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can be used to inspire nursing home leaders' practices and may serve as a framework for implementing person‐centred care within facilities. A reasonable implication of these findings is that if organisations are committed to person‐centred care provision, care may need to be organised in a way that enables managers to be present on the units, to enact these strategies and lead person‐centred care.