bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Interpretation and Correlation of High‐Temperature Ignition Delays in Reactors with Varying Thermodynamic Conditions
Authors: Tao Mingyuan , Laich Andrew , Lynch Patrick , Zhao Peng 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIgnition delay time (IDT) is a useful global metric for fuel performance screening and a major target for kinetic modeling. Measurements of IDT are conceptually straightforward; however, interpretation could be complicated, especially for systems with changing temperature and pressure. Some experimental conditions in the high repetition rate miniature shock tube (HRRST) exhibit complex temperature and pressure state histories. To better interpret and correlate IDTs, especially those obtained in reactors with varying thermodynamic conditions, an inverse Livengood–Wu (L‐W) integral technique is applied to deconvolve the constant condition IDTs from measured IDTs in the HRRST using information on the varying state history. In this paper, the approximate problem is demonstrated using only the measured pressure history leading up to ignition, where the temperature history is estimated based on an isentropic assumption. The IDTs of several fuels were first measured in the HRRST including isooctane and acetone to represent those fuels without strong low‐temperature chemistry effects. Based on the measured pressure and approximated temperature history, measurements of IDTs in the HRRST compare very favorably with those measured using more conventional techniques, including conventionally sized shock tubes, via the inverse L‐W correlation with relaxed Newton iteration and genetic algorithm. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a high throughput ignition testing facility, like the HRRST to extract the constant state IDT measured in regular shock tubes, assisted by the inverse L‐W correlation. It is expected with an independent temperature measurement available in the future, IDTs in a broader range of thermodynamic conditions and effects of heat loss could be better resolved.
Identification of genes related to chlamydospore formation in Clonostachys rosea 67‐1
Authors: Sun Zhan‐Bin , Zhang Jun , Sun Man‐Hong , Li Shi‐Dong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChlamydospores are specific structures that are of great significance to the commercialization of fungal biopesticides. To explore the genes associated with chlamydospore formation, a biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea 67‐1 that is capable of producing resistant spores under particular conditions was investigated by transcriptome sequencing and analysis. A total of 549,661,174 clean reads were obtained, and a series of differentially expressed genes potentially involved in fungal chlamydospore formation were identified. At 36 hr, 67 and 117 genes were up‐ and downregulated in C. rosea during chlamydospore production, compared with the control for conidiation, and 53 and 24 genes were up‐ and downregulated at 72 hr. GO classification suggested that the differentially expressed genes were related to cellular component, biological process, and molecular function categories. A total of 188 metabolism pathways were linked to chlamydospore production by KEGG analysis. Sixteen differentially expressed genes were verified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and the expression profiles were consistent with the transcriptome data. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on the genes associated with chlamydospore formation in C. rosea. The results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying C. rosea sporulation, which will assist the development of fungal biocontrol agents.
Influence of protein properties and protein modification on biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody derivatives, and non‐Ig scaffolds
Authors: Warnders Frank‐Jan , Lub‐de Hooge Marjolijn N. , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Kosterink Jos G. W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNewly developed protein drugs that target tumor‐associated antigens are often modified in order to increase their therapeutic effect, tumor exposure, and safety profile. During the development of protein drugs, molecular imaging is increasingly used to provide additional information on their in vivo behavior. As a result, there are increasing numbers of studies that demonstrate the effect of protein modification on whole body distribution and tumor uptake of protein drugs. However, much still remains unclear about how to interpret obtained biodistribution data correctly. Consequently, there is a need for more insight in the correct way of interpreting preclinical and clinical imaging data. Summarizing the knowledge gained to date may facilitate this interpretation. This review therefore provides an overview of specific protein properties and modifications that can affect biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody fragments, and nonimmunoglobulin scaffolds. Protein properties that are discussed in this review are molecular size, target interaction, FcRn binding, and charge. Protein modifications that are discussed are radiolabeling, fluorescent labeling drug conjugation, glycosylation, humanization, albumin binding, and polyethylene glycolation.
Equivalence between orbital angular momentum and multiple‐input multiple‐output in uniform circular arrays: Investigation by eigenvalues
Authors: Hirano Takuichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt had been shown that array weight vectors using uniform circular arrays (UCAs) in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) can generate helical phase distribution used in orbital angular momentum (OAM) communication system. In this letter, the MIMO channel, or OAM multiplexing characteristic, was investigated by means of eigenvalues. It was also found that the OAM is not effective as the distance between transmitting and receiving antennas increases because the radiation pattern along the direction of propagation is null with helical phase front. It was found that MIMO and/or OAM performance improve in near‐field region. It was also found that the performance improves when radius of UCAs becomes large.
Varactor‐tunable dual‐band filtering low‐noise amplifier
Authors: Kumar Amarjit , Pathak Nagendra P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDesign and development of a tunable dual‐band filtering LNA has been presented in this paper. The center frequency of the lower band is continuously tuning with applied dc voltages. The center frequency of lower band has a tuning range of 2.0–2.5 GHz; while that of upper band is fixed at 5 GHz. Power consumption of our circuit is 28 mW. Overall size of proposed device is 0.96λg × 0.34λg, where λg is the guided wavelength at lower frequency. One ATF36163 GaAs HEMT is used as the active device in our circuit. Measured per stage gain of lower band is varying from 8 to 1.6 dB; while that of upper band is 5.4 dB. Measured noise figure of lower band is 2.4–3.4 dB; while that of upper band is 2.5 dB. Proposed filtering LNA has improved selectivity and spurious harmonic suppression with measured stopband attenuation of 45 dB. To author's knowledge, the investigation of tunable multiband and multifunctional device for highly improving the level of integration of the multiband RF front‐end design is reported for the first time.
Design of transmitting coil for wireless charging system to expand charging area for drone applications
Authors: Kim Sang‐Won , Cho In‐Kui , Hong Sung‐Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis research proposes a transmitting coil structure for wireless charging which has the constant efficiency regardless of the position of the receiving coil. The proposed transmitting coil is designed to operate at 140 kHz, and to improve the uniformity of the magnetic field intensity using a stepped helical coil and ferrite core. The measured results of the charging system with proposed transmitting coil show that it has low difference in rectifying voltage and efficiency within the charging area. Therefore, it has advantages in terms of wide charging area without the charging shadow area.
Short wave infrared LEDs based on strained GeSn
Authors: Zhang Li‐Feng , Shu Bin , Jiang Ruo‐Hong , Gao Yv‐Long , Zhang He‐Ming , Xuan Rong‐Xi , Hu Hui‐Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present results on device fabrication and testing of short wave infrared light emitting diodes based on strained Ge1–xSnx/Ge double heterostructure (DH). Owing to the fact that the component of Sn in Ge1–xSnx is severely limited, evidently insufficient for high performance light emitting devices. The alternative solution is introducing SiN as stressor material, which can reduce the Γ conduction valley, promoting the performance of LEDs. The spectral characteristics of Ge1–xSnx/Ge p‐i‐n DH under different material parameters, such as Sn content, doping concentration are discussed in terms of electroluminescence data. The experimental results revealed the best material parameters and demonstrated the excellent performance of Ge1–xSnx/Ge short wave infrared light emitting diodes.
Constant gain modified antipodal vivaldi antenna with rake‐like wires operating over 3.1–10.6 GHz
Authors: Küçüksarı Öznur , Çimen Sibel , Çakır Gonca 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe main aim of this study is to design an Ultra‐Wide Band antenna with an almost constant level of gain over 3.1–10.6 GHz. A modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna with rake‐like wires (called MAVARW‐III), is designed for this goal. The MAVARW‐III has two flared metal arms with rake‐like wires printed on a dielectric substrate. Rake‐like wires are primarily associated with balancing the gain over the operating bandwidth of the antenna. The proposed MAVARW‐III has 7.90 dB minimum gain level over the bandwidth in simulations. The difference between the minimum and maximum value of the gain is <1.55 dB over whole frequency range in simulations. The proposed MAVARW‐III is characterized both numerically and experimentally with a good agreement. The given design approach can be extended to relatively larger or smaller MAVARWIIIs to achieve almost constant gain level over desired other frequency bands.
An analysis of a DGS‐inserted stub resonator and its application to an optimum BSF
Authors: Shin Imseob , Oh Sangyeol , Lee Changwon , Kwon Koohyung , Kim Young‐Sik 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel defected ground structure (DGS)‐inserted stub (DIS) resonator is proposed. The proposed DIS resonator features a typical dumbbell‐shaped DGS inserted into an conventional open‐circuited stub (OCS) resonator, and it is modeled by a series LC resonator. The inserted DGS can suppress a harmonic and extend an upper passband. Therefore, the proposed DIS resonator to generate a resonance at 2.0 GHz keeps the upper passband up to 8.0 GHz or higher, while the OCS resonator with the same resonance gives rise to the harmonic at 5.78 GHz. These properties are investigated through EM simulation. Moreover, in order to verify the applicability of the proposed DIS resonator to microwave filters, two optimum bandstop filters (BSFs) with the same stopband at 2.0 GHz using the proposed DIS and OCS resonators are fabricated and measured, respectively. Compared to the optimum BSF using the OCS resonator, the optimum BSF using the proposed DIS resonator shows two notable improvements: a 50% increase in the upper passband and a 15% reduction in the size.
Compact quint‐band Bandpass Filter design in a rigorous manner utilizing multimode stub‐loaded taper
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Zhang Yonghong , Zhang Xingyu , Qu Lili , Yong Fan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOn a basis of 2 multimode resonators (MMRs) using stub‐loaded taper, a compact quint‐band BPF is proposed. Progressively, triple open‐circuited stubs and notch are loaded to taper without introducing extra coupling paths, and both tri‐, quad‐ and quint‐band BPF responses are available. In this way, design procedure is rigorous and reduction of coupling paths minimizes the quint‐band BPF design complexity, simultaneously. Meanwhile, owing to the cancelling effect of notch, independent control on central frequencies of 2 passbands can be achieved. The insertion loss is lower since taper is adopted to the building of MMR. Good agreement between simulated and measured results validates the design method.
A low‐cost microwave sensing platform for water accumulation abnormality detection in lungs
Authors: Bait‐Suwailam Mohammed M. , Al‐Busaidi Omar , Al‐Shahimi Ahmed 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, water accumulation abnormalities in small‐scale lungs are numerically and experimentally studied at microwave regime. The noninvasive passive microwave sensing platform considered here comprises the use of two low‐profile patch antennas. The sensors, operating at the ISM band, are attached back‐to‐back to the skin surface of the lungs. By monitoring the sudden changes of computed transmission coefficient (both magnitude and phase) between the two sensors, qualitative measures can be developed to estimate whether significant water accumulation in lungs take place or not, which can provide further insights at an early medical diagnosis. Several numerical case studies are developed and studied here that mimic various water accumulation scenarios within the modeled lungs. A practical small‐scale yet low‐cost platform integrated with the microwave sensors was demonstrated and validated. The results correlate reasonably well with numerical results.
Spatial fractionation of the dose in heavy ions therapy: An optimization study
Authors: González W. , Prezado Y. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe alliance of charged particle therapy and the spatial fractionation of the dose, as in minibeam or Grid therapy, is an innovative strategy to improve the therapeutic index in the treatment of radioresistant tumors. The aim of this work was to assess the optimum irradiation configuration in heavy ion spatially fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) in terms of ion species, beam width, center‐to‐center distances, and linear energy transfer (LET), information that could be used to guide the design of the future biological experiments. The nuclear fragmentation leading to peak and valley regions composed of different secondary particles, creates the need for a more complete dosimetric description that the classical one in SFRT.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations (GATE 6.2) were performed to evaluate the dose distributions for different ions, beam widths, and spacings. We have also assessed the 3D‐maps of dose‐averaged LET and proposed a new parameter, the peak‐to‐valley‐LET ratio, to offer a more thorough physical evaluation of the technique.ResultsOur results show that beam widths larger than 400 μm are needed in order to keep a ratio between the dose in the entrance and the dose in the target of the same order as in conventional irradiations. A large ctc distance (3500 μm) would favor tissue sparing since it provides higher PVDR, it leads to a reduced contribution of the heavier nuclear fragments and a LET value in the valleys a factor 2 lower than the LET in the ctc leading to homogeneous distributions in the target.ConclusionsHeavy ions MBRT provide advantageous dose distributions. Thanks to the reduced lateral scattering, the use of submillimetric beams still allows to keep a ratio between the dose in the entrance and the dose in the target of the same order as in conventional irradiations. Large ctc distances (3500 μm) should be preferred since they lead to valley doses composed of lighter nuclear fragments resulting in a much reduced dose‐averaged LET values in normal tissue, favoring its preservation. Among the different ions species evaluated, Ne stands out as the one leading to the best balance between high PVDR and PVLR in normal tissues and high LET values (close to 100 keV/μm) and a favorable oxygen enhancement ratio in the target region.
Baseline symptom severity and therapeutic success in a large prospective trial of sacral neuromodulation therapy for overactive bladder patients
Authors: Noblett Karen , Berg Kellie C. , Kan Fangyu , Siegel Steven 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionThe InSite trial is a prospective, multicenter post‐approval study of subjects receiving sacral neuromodulation (SNM) therapy with the InterStim® System. Enrolled subjects had bothersome symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB). The purpose of this analysis was to determine if severity of baseline symptoms had an impact on clinical outcomes.MethodsFor device implant, therapeutic success was defined as a  ≥50% improvement in average leaks/day, or in voids/day or a return to normal voiding frequency. Groups were dichotomized into less versus more severe based on median number of leaks and voids. Subjects were grouped as less severe <2 leaks/day for UI; <11 voids/day for UF and more severe ≥2 leaks/day for UI;  ≥11 voids/day for UF. Therapeutic success at 12 and 24 months were compared between groups.ResultsThree hundred and forty subjects completed test stimulation and 272 (80%) subjects received a full system implant. On average UI subjects had 1.3 leaks/day in the less severe group and 4.5 leaks/day in the more severe group. UI success rates were not statistically different between severity groups at 12 months or 24 months). At baseline, on average UF subjects had 9.4 voids/day for the less severe group and 15.1 voids/day for the more severe group. UF success rates were not statistically different between severity groups at 12 months or 24 months.ConclusionData evaluating efficacy based on symptom severity demonstrates that SNM is effective in treating both less severe and more severely affected groups for both UI and UF at 12 and 24 months.
Psychometric properties of the “parental questionnaire: Enuresis/urinary incontinence” (PQ‐EnU)
Authors: Niemczyk Justine , Schäfer Sarah , Becker Nicolas , Equit Monika , von Gontard Alexander 
Published: April 2018

AimsThe “Parental Questionnaire: Enuresis/Urinary Incontinence” (PQ‐EnU) is widely‐used in clinical assessment of nocturnal enuresis (NE) and daytime urinary incontinence (DUI). It includes 18 items regarding daytime (DW) and nighttime wetting (NW), 24 items concerning toilet habits (TH), and 14 items regarding behavioral problems (BP). The aim of the study was to evaluate reliability and validity of the PQ‐EnU.MethodsParents of 490 children (M = 8.7 years [SD = 2.9], 68.2% male) presented in an outpatient incontinence clinic completed the PQ‐EnU and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Internal consistencies, factorial structure, and convergent validity regarding incontinence diagnoses and psychopathology were examined.Results84.1% had NE, 38.8% DUI, and 20.8% fecal incontinence (FI). Internal consistencies were good for TH and BP. A factor analysis of the TH scale revealed three subscales (“Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS),” “Bowel symptoms,” and “Voiding dysfunctions”). The LUTS and “Bowel symptoms” subscales were significantly correlated to clinical diagnoses of DUI and FI, respectively. A factor analysis of the BP scale revealed also three subscales (“attention/school deficits,” “impulsive‐aggressive behavior” and “internalizing problems,” which were all significantly correlated with the CBCL. The questionnaire discriminated significantly between children with and without DUI or FI, and children with and without a clinical CBCL score.ConclusionsThe PQ‐EnU is a valid and reliable parental questionnaire to measure incontinence, bladder/bowel symptoms, and behavioral problems in children. Due to its shortness, the PQ‐EnU is an efficient measurement, which can be used in clinical settings and also as a screening tool for psychological symptoms.
Bowel function, sexual function, and symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse in women with and without urinary incontinence
Authors: Cameron Anne P. , Smith Abigail R. , Lai H. Henry , Bradley Catherine S. , Liu Alice B. , Merion Robert M. , Gillespie Brenda W. , Amundsen Cindy L. , Cella David , Griffith James W. , Wiseman Jonathan B. , Kreder Karl J. , Kenton Kimberly S. , Helmuth Margaret E. , Fraser Matthew O. , Clemens J. Quentin , Kirkali Ziya , Kusek John W. , Siddiqui Nazema Y. ,   the LURN Study Group
Published: April 2018

AimsBowel symptoms, pelvic organ prolapse, and sexual dysfunction are common, but their frequency among women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has not been well described. Our aims were to describe pelvic floor symptoms among women with and without urinary incontinence (UI) and among subtypes of UI.MethodsWomen with LUTS seeking care at six U.S. tertiary care centers enrolled in prospective cohort study were studied. At baseline, participants completed the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI‐20), Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ‐IR), and PROMIS GI Diarrhea, Constipation, and Fecal Incontinence Scales.ResultsMean age among the 510 women was 56.4 ± 14.4 years. Women who reported UI (n = 420) had more diarrhea and constipation symptoms (mean scores 49.5 vs 46.2 [P = 0.01] and 51.9 vs 48.4 [P < 0.01], respectively) at baseline. Among sexually active women, mean PISQ‐IR subscale scores were lower among those with UI (condition specific: 89.8 vs 96.7, P < 0.01; condition impact: 79.8 vs 92.5, P < 0.01). Women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) (n = 240) reported more prolapse symptoms, fecal incontinence, and worse sexual function compared to those with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI).ConclusionsWomen presenting with LUTS with UI reported significantly worse constipation, diarrhea, fecal incontinence, and sexual function compared to women without UI. In women with UI, sexual function and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) symptoms were worse in those with MUI compared to SUI and UUI.
Biological explanations for discordant noninvasive prenatal test results: Preliminary data and lessons learned
Authors: Wilkins‐Haug Louise , Zhang Chengsheng , Cerveira Eliza , Ryan Mallory , Mil‐homens Adam , Zhu Qihui , Reddi Honey , Lee Charles , Bianchi Diana W 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveMaternal plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis is a powerful screening tool for Down syndrome. In a pilot series, we examined biologic causes of discordance between the cfDNA test results and the fetal karyotype. We also explored the feasibility of obtaining trio biospecimens by using parental engagement.MethodsA convenience sample of women with discordant cfDNA results were recruited by their care providers. We provided shipping materials and instructions for biospecimen collection. Maternal, newborn, and placental samples were examined with droplet digital PCR.ResultsThirteen of 15 women successfully had biospecimens obtained remotely. High‐quality DNA was extracted in 12 of 13 women. Presumed biologic etiologies for discordance were identified in 7 of 12 women: 3 cases from additional clinical review (male renal transplant, vanishing twin, and colon cancer) and 4 cases from additional laboratory investigation using droplet digital PCR (3 with confined placental mosaicism and 1 with true fetal mosaicism).ConclusionsUnderstanding the biology behind cfDNA‐fetal karyotype discordancy is useful for follow‐up clinical care. Our study suggests that most cases could be resolved by using a trio biospecimen protocol and parental involvement. To improve accuracy, additional sequencing of biospecimens will be required.