bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between the digit ratio (2D:4D) and game‐related statistics in professional and semi‐professional male basketball players
Authors: Klapprodt Katelyn L. , Fitzgerald John S. , Short Sandra E. , Manning John T. , Tomkinson Grant R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to examine relationships between digit ratio (2D:4D) and game‐related statistics in professional and semi‐professional male basketball players. The secondary aim was to quantify differences in mean 2D:4Ds between starting and reserve players.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, 93 male basketball players from the professional Australian National Basketball League and the semi‐professional South Australian Premier League were measured in‐season for height, mass, and 2D:4D, with game‐related statistics collected end‐season. Linear relationships between right and left 2D:4Ds and game‐related statistics were quantified using nonparametric partial correlations, and differences in mean 2D:4Ds between starting and reserve players were quantified using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). All partial correlations and ANCOVAs were adjusted for playing experience, body size, and competitive standard.Results2D:4D was a weak to moderate negative correlate of points scored and assists‐to‐turnovers ratio, indicating that males with lower 2D:4Ds were generally better offensively as they recorded more points and assists relative to turnovers. The difference in mean 2D:4D between starting and reserve players was negligible.Conclusions2D:4D was favorably correlated with open‐skill sports performance, as evidenced by the better offensive statistics of male basketball players with lower 2D:4Ds. These results probably reflect the organizational benefits of prenatal testosterone and indicate that 2D:4D may be a useful complement to traditional physical, physiological, skill, and behavioral predictors of basketball success.
Determination of median effective dose (ED50) of scorpion antivenom against scorpion envenomation using a newly developed formula
Authors: Saganuwan Saganuwan Alhaji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAbout 50 species of scorpions cause fatal scorpionism worldwide. Most of these are members of the Buthidae family, and include, among others, Mesobuthus eupeus, Androctonus crassicauda, Leiurus abdullahbayrami, Leiurus quinquestriatus, Tityus pachyurus and Androctonus australis. Because high doses of scorpion venom and antivenom can cause death and hypersensitive reactions, there is a need to develop a formula that can be used to calculate both lethal and effective doses for scorpion venom and antivenom, respectively, thereby obviating the need for laboratory experiments.MethodsIn view of this, a literature search was carried out with the aim of modifying the formula () for calculation of the median lethal dose (LD50) of scorpion venom and the ED50 of antivenom. The human equivalent dose (HED) formula was assessed for extrapolation of LD50 and ED50 from animals to human for comparison and relevance with the new formula.ResultsThe findings showed that the newly developed formula (LD50 = ED501/3 × Wa × 10−4) yielded results that are very close to the reported values. Therefore, the newly developed and HED formulas can be used for calculation of LD50 and ED50 values for scorpion venom and antivenom, respectively.ConclusionThe new formula yielded better results than the HED formula, confirming its predictive validity, precision, and reliability, thereby obviating the need for rigorous experiments and justifying the principles of reduction, refinement, and replacement (3Rs).
Selective C−N Borylation of Alkyl Amines Promoted by Lewis Base
Authors: Hu Jiefeng , Wang Guoqiang , Li Shuhua , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn efficient method for the metal‐free deaminative borylation of alkylamines, using bis(catecholato)diboron as the boron source, to directly synthesize various alkyl potassium trifluoroborate salts is introduced. The key to this high reactivity is the utilization of pyridinium salt activated alkylamines, with a catalytic amount of a bipyridine‐type Lewis base as a promoter. This transformation shows good functional‐group compatibility (e.g., it is unimpeded by the presence of a ketone, indole, internal alkene, or unactivated alkyl chloride) and can serve as a powerful synthetic tool for borylation of amine groups in complex compounds. Mechanistic experiments and computations suggest a mechanism in which the Lewis base activated B2cat2 unit intercepts an alkyl radical generated by single‐electron transfer (SET) from a boron‐based reductant.
Electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid, uric acid and folic acid using carbon paste electrode modified with novel synthesized ferrocene derivative and core–shell magnetic nanoparticles in aqueous media
Authors: Mohammadi Sayed Zia , Beitollahi Hadi , Dehghan Zohreh , Hosseinzadeh Rahman 
Published: September 2018

2‐(4‐Ferrocenyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)ethanone (2FTNE) and magnetic core–shell manganese ferrite nanoparticles (CMNP) were fabricated and applied to produce a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE). The electrochemical behaviour of ascorbic acid (AA) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and measured by square wave voltammetry along with that of uric acid (UA) and folic acid (FA). The 2FTNECMNP‐modified CPE (2FTNECMNPPE) had electrocatalytic activity towards AA oxidation that was greater than that of bare CPE and CMNP‐modified CPE. Based on the results, the linear oxidation peak current was 0.01–60 μM for AA level and the correlation coefficient was 0.9997. According to three times the standard deviation for the blank, the limit of detection was calculated as 0.002 μM. Our results showed an increase in selectivity, stability and reproducibility for 2FTNECMNPPE, which significantly could measure AA, UA and FA levels in AA ampoule, FA tablet and urine samples. It can be concluded that 2FTNECMNPPE has promising capacity in the development of electrochemical sensors.
Mannose‐Functionalized Nanoscaffolds for Targeted Delivery in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hu Jing , Wei Peng , Seeberger Peter H. , Yin Jian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTargeted drug delivery by nanomaterials has been extensively investigated as an effective strategy to surmount obstacles in the conventional treatment of cancer and infectious diseases, such as systemic toxicity, low drug efficacy, and drug resistance. Mannose‐binding C‐type lectins, which primarily include mannose receptor (MR, CD206) and dendritic cell‐specific intercellular adhesion molecule‐3‐grabbing non‐integrin (DC‐SIGN), are highly expressed on various cancer cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), which make them attractive targets for therapeutic effect. Mannosylated nanomaterials hold great potential in cancer and infection treatment on account of their direct therapeutic effect on targeted cells, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and stimulation of immune response through antigen presentation. This review presents the recent advances in mannose‐based targeted delivery nanoplatforms incorporated with different therapies in the biomedical field.
Assignment of culpability to animals as a form of abuse: Historical and cultural perspectives
Authors: Weiss Kenneth J. , Fromm Laurentine , Glazer Joel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHow the law regards animals reflects cultural trends that have varied widely from antiquity to the present. This article argues that cultural views of animals have shaped laws, attitudes, and practices worldwide. Whereas ancient (biblical and Mesopotamian) practices turned on economics, medieval concepts of animal culpability aligned with Christian beliefs of the primacy of humans. In medieval Europe, pets, farm animals, vermin, and insects could be held accountable for damage to persons and property. Considered entitled to due process, they were represented, tried, and punished – sometimes in public executions. Centuries of regarding animals as property subordinated to humans gave way to animal cruelty laws. It was not until the 19th century that respect for animal welfare, apart from economics, assumed legal significance. Presently, animals are not considered capable of criminal intent but can be “executed” for dangerousness. However, they may possess legal standing as civil complainants in animal rights cases. Contemporary trends include animal rights activism and courts conferring legal personhood to animals. The discussion concludes that there will be disparate approaches worldwide, based on prevailing views of animal sentience, spiritually based concepts and values, litigation arguing property and environmental law, and economics.
Integration of numerical and physical experiments to enhance student learning experience
Authors: Perumal Kumar , Ganesan Rajamohan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, results of an integrated numerical and physical experiments on the standard orifice meter and the modified orifice meter are presented. These experiments were conducted as part of the computational fluid dynamics course offered in Curtin University, Malaysia. Experiments were selected from prior courses such as fluid mechanics and heat transfer with a view to reinforce the concepts already learnt. Students also conducted literature survey, which keeps them up‐to‐date on the chosen topic of study.
Single incision VATS decortication for 3rd stage empyema
Authors: Aljehani Yasser , Alabkary Sukainah 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe use of U‐VATS should be preferred to conventional three‐port VATS if skills are mastered as it causes less and single intercostal trauma. Moreover, it minimizes infection spread to the chest wall. We advocate the use of U‐VATS as a routine approach in patient with empyema stage III for positive outcome.
Successful treatment of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia with apixaban in a patient with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis
Authors: Trujillo Agudelo Daniela , Ramirez Quintero Juan D. , Arango Barrientos Marcos 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic state that can affect patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD). This case highlights the potential usefulness of apixaban therapy for patients with HIT and CKD on HD.
Expanded Bed Adsorption of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid from E. coli broth by CS16GC and IRC747 Resins
Authors: Pathapati Trinath , Rütze Dennis N. , den Boer Piet , de Wit Pieter , Zaalberg Menne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExpanded‐bed adsorption (EBA) is an efficient downstream technology that enhances the techno‐economic potential of bio‐based industries. However, application of EBA for bulk biochemicals requires the use of industrial resins. Therefore, two cation exchangers, namely, gel‐type CS16GC and porous IRC747, were tested to purify γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) from unclarified E. coli fermentation broth. Experiments compared the impact of gel‐type and macroporous resin properties on the EBA process performance. As an outcome, the gel‐type resin exhibited higher GABA binding capacity of compared to that of macroporous resin. This was due to improved hydrodynamics and uniform flow distribution in the case of gel‐type resin. Further, CS16GC effectively removed ≥ 99 % of impurities and achieved ≥ 97 % GABA yield.
Hybridizing Simulated Moving Bed and Electrodialysis: Product Purification and Eluent Regeneration
Authors: Kochendoerfer Kiara , Sa Gomes Pedro , Rütze Dennis N. , Pathapati Trinath , de Wit Pieter , Zaalberg Menne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractComplex streams in bio‐based industries require efficient downstream processing units. Simulated moving‐bed (SMB) chromatography is known to improve process efficiency by reducing resin and buffer requirement, but it can be further enhanced by technology hybridization. In the current experiments, an SMB system has been integrated with a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system. SMB purified γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) from a clarified fermentation broth while BPED processed the product‐containing eluent stream into recyclable eluent and purified product streams. The continuous operation did not result in any impurity accumulation.
Molten Salts Derived Copper Tungstate Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Electro‐Catalysts for Electrolysis of Water and Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Ahmed Jahangeer , Ahamad Tansir , Alhokbany Norah , Almaswari Basheer M. , Ahmad Tokeer , Hussain Afzal , Al‐Farraj Eida Salman Saad , Alshehri Saad M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein, we report molten salts derived, cube‐shaped CuWO4 nanoparticles (50±5 nm) as multi‐functional catalysts in electrochemical and photo‐electrochemical studies. The formation of pure phase cube‐shaped CuWO4 nanoparticles (CWO‐NPs) is analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS) and field‐emission electron microscopy (FE‐SEM and FE‐TEM). CWO‐NPs show remarkable bi‐functional electro‐catalytic behavior for the oxygen evolution (OER) and oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte solution. Polarization studies of CWO‐NPs exhibit low over‐potential (∼260 mV) at 1 mA/cm2 and low Tafel slope value (∼190 mV/dec) for OER compared to bulk or other oxides. Polarization studies with controlled electrode rotation reveal a four‐electron pathway for the water electrolysis reaction for OER/ORR. In addition, CWO‐NPs show promising capacitive behavior with specific capacitance values of ∼230 F/g using 1 M KOH electrolyte. Galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) studies of CWO‐NPs displays low energy loss during discharge time for 50 segments. To further investigate the potential for industrial applications, the stability of the electrodes is also examined using chrono‐amperometry (CA) at fixed potential, chrono‐potentiometry (CP) at fixed current density, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) with 50 cycles.
Selective Synthesis and Properties of Electron‐Deficient Hybrid Naphthalene‐Based π‐Conjugated Systems
Authors: Mikie Tsubasa , Osaka Itaru 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne driving force for advancing the field of semiconducting polymers is to create new π‐conjugated systems as building units. This work reports on a series of electron‐deficient hybrid naphthalene‐based π‐conjugated systems in which two different units among benzoxadiazole, benzothiadiazole, benzoselenadiazole, and benzopyrazine (quinoxaline) were fused. These π‐conjugated systems were synthesized in excellent yields via the selective one‐side ring‐opening reaction of corresponding naphthobischalcogenadiazoles using the NaBH4/CoCl2 reduction reagents, followed by the ring‐closing reactions. The electronic structure of these π‐conjugated systems was studied in comparison with their parent systems. Furthermore, thiadiazolonaphthoxadiazole was incorporated into the π‐conjugated polymer backbone. The electronic structure, film structure, and photovoltaic properties of the polymer were studied as well.
Fluorescence Regulation and Photoresponsivity in AIEE Supramolecular Gels Based on a Cyanostilbene Modified Benzene‐1,3,5‐Tricarboxamide Derivative
Authors: Ding Zeyang , Ma Yao , Shang Hongxing , Zhang Houyu , Jiang Shimei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSupramolecular interactions play an important role in regulating the optical properties of molecular materials. Different arrangements of identical molecules can afford a more straightforward insight into the contributions of supramolecular interactions. Herein, a novel gelator, BTTPA, composed of a benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) central unit functionalized with three cyanostilbenes is designed, which forms two kinds of gels in DMSO/water mixtures. Depending on the water volume content, the gels exhibit quite different aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties, with one emitting a green emission (G‐gel), and the second emitting a blue emission (B‐gel). The main reason for this difference is that water affects H‐bonding and π–π interactions, further resulting in disparate packing modes of gelators. In addition, only the G‐gel displays gel‐to‐sol transition accompanied with fluorescence switching according to the trans‐cis photoisomerization of cyanostilbene under UV light irradiation. The B‐gel does not exhibit any change because of its tight hexagonal packing arrangement. Such packing modes restricted the space in which molecules were located and inhibited the transformation of configuration of cyanostilbene. These phenomena underline the incomparable status of packing modes and molecular configuration in regulating fluorescence properties and photoresponse behavior in organic solid‐state luminescent materials.
A Trinuclear Iron(III) Complex of a Triple Noninnocent Ligand for Spin‐Structured Molecular Conductors
Authors: Hoshino Norihisa , Akutagawa Tomoyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractN,N′,N′′,N′′′,N′′′′,N′′′′′‐(Triphenylene‐2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexayl)hexapicolinamide (H6hptp), a triangular ligand containing three noninnocent coordination sites, and its trinuclear iron(III) complex (PPh4)3[FeIII3(hptp)6(CN)6] were prepared. In this complex, three low‐spin Fe3+ ions are coordinated by the triangular hptp6− bridging ligand at its apices. Cyclic voltammetry of (PPh4)3[FeIII3(hptp)6(CN)6] in PhCN solution showed one reductive wave for 3 Fe2+/3 Fe3+ and three oxidative waves for the hptp6− ligand. The controlled‐potential electronic spectra of the solution presented broad absorption bands in the near‐IR (NIR) region for oxidations because a π‐radical is generated on the hptp6− ligand. The EPR spectra of frozen solutions also showed large oxidization‐state dependent differences caused by the strong exchange interactions between the electrons in the d orbitals of the Fe3+ ions and those of the π‐radicals in the hptp6− ligand. The electronic and magnetic states of the oxidized species were investigated using density functional theory.
Ruthenium(IV) Intermediates in C−H Activation/Annulation by Weak O‐Coordination
Authors: Liang Yu‐Feng , Yang Long , Rogge Torben , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRuthenium(IV) complexes were identified as key intermediates of C−H/O−H activations by weak O‐coordination. Thus, the annulations of sulfoxonium ylides by benzoic acids provided expedient access to diversely‐decorated isocoumarins with ample scope. Detailed experimental and computational studies provided strong support for a facile BIES‐C−H activation, along with cyclometalated ruthenium(IV) intermediates within a versatile ruthenium(II/IV) catalysis regime (BIES=base‐assisted internal electrophilic substitution).
Vergleich dreier Latentwärmespeicherkonzepte zur effizienten Nutzung von Niedertemperaturwärme
Authors: Kunkel Sven , Kübel‐Heising Felix , Wunder Frederik , Schreiner Philipp , Medina Malineth , Weis Jürgen , Stabler Rainer , Repke Jens‐Uwe , Rädle Matthias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDrei Speicherkonzepte, zur Speicherung thermischer Energie auf niedrigem Temperaturniveau, auf Basis der latenten Wärmespeicherung werden vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen. Untersucht werden ein Direktkontaktlatentwärmespeicher, ein Latentwärmespeicher mit gekapseltem Phasenwechselmaterial (PCM) und ein Wasserspeicher mit einem PCM‐Mantel. Die Speicher dienen zur effizienten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien und Niedertemperaturabwärme. Als Speichermedium kommt ein Salzhydrat mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 27 °C zum Einsatz. Die Konzepte sowie entsprechende Anwendungen werden vorgestellt und experimentelle Ergebnisse diskutiert.
Diagnostic accuracy of STAF, LADS, and iPAB scores for predicting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Chen Xingdong , Luo Weiliang , Li Jiming , Li Mei , Wang Lizhi , Rao Yu , Li Bosheng , Zeng Wei 
Published: September 2018

Background and objectiveThe scoring scales scoring system for targeting atrial fibrillation (STAF), left atrial diameter, age, diagnosis of stroke, and smoking status (LADS), and identified by past history of arrhythmia or antiarrhythmic agent use, atrial dilation, and elevation of Brain natriuretic peptide (iPAB) have been proposed for predicting atrial fibrillation in patients with acute cerebral infarction, but their relative accuracies are not clear. This prospective study compared STAF, LADS, and iPAB scores for predicting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.MethodsPatients with acute cerebral infarction (n = 744; 495 men, 249 women; aged 65 ± 12 years) were consecutively enrolled throughout the year 2016 at the Department of Neurology of Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital. Patients were followed for 3 months. The sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and best cutoff points of STAF, LADS, and iPAB scores for predicting PAF were computed.ResultsAmong the 744 patients, 37 patients had PAF. The AUCs of the STAF, LADS, and iPAB scores for predicting PAF were 0.87, 0.79, and 0.84, respectively, and with a cutoff at four points, the sensitivities were 73%, 70.3%, and 83.8%, and specificities were 92.1%, 82.2%, and 77%.ConclusionsThe STAF, LADS, and iPAB scores could satisfactorily predict PAF in patients with acute cerebral infarction. STAF was superior to the others in diagnostic performance.
In vitro Assays for Targeting and Insertion of Tail‐Anchored Proteins Into the ER Membrane
Authors: Cho Hyunju , Chio Un Seng , Shan Shu‐ou 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMembrane proteins mediate numerous essential cellular functions. Due to the aggregation propensity of hydrophobic transmembrane domains in aqueous environments, the targeting and insertion of membrane proteins pose major challenges to cells. In the Guided Entry of Tail‐anchored protein (GET) pathway, an essential class of newly synthesized tail‐anchored proteins (TAs) are chaperoned and guided by multiple targeting factors to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of this cellular process has benefitted from successful in vitro reconstitution of individual molecular events in the GET pathway with purified components. Here we describe recently developed protocols for in vitro reconstitution of functional complexes of TA substrates with their targeting factors, for monitoring the transfer of TAs between targeting factors, and for the insertion of TA into the microsomal membrane. These procedures are generally applicable to the interrogation of other post‐translational membrane protein targeting pathways. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
RIN: A dynamic pseudonym change system for privacy in VANET
Authors: Bouksani Walid , Bensaber Boucif Amar 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWe propose in this paper a security protocol based on a dynamic change of pseudonym for privacy and anonymity in Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET). Our proposal ensures privacy for the driver and his vehicle whether he is the transmitter or receiver of the message. By handling all possible cases of changes in vehicles behavior during traffic, we ensure a safe and secure traffic management. We built the architecture of our solution on three essential entities designed for VANET: a trusted authority, a Road Side Unit, and vehicles. Our pseudonym change system ensures anonymity at any time, anywhere, with any speed of a vehicle, in all directions of a vehicle, in any environment (highway or urban), with any traffic density, independently of neighboring vehicles, and changes in vehicles behavior. In three steps, anonymity, integrity, and confidentiality are guaranteed by our RIN (Real Initial New) protocol. Our protocol blocks attacks as DOS and Sybil. Results obtained by the simulations show the efficiency of our solution. Compared with other relevant approaches from the literature, the results confirm the credibility of our protocol regarding to the privacy assurance in VANET.