bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIV-6 Effect of dietary fiber source on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs
Authors: Dunmire Kara M , Thomas Lori L , Braun Michaela B , Truelock Courtney N , Tokach Mike D , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D , Woodworth Jason C , Dritz Steve S , Paulk Chad B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A total of 288 pigs (DNA 600 × 241; initially 50.7 kg) were used in an 86-d experiment to determine the effect of dietary fiber source on finishing pig performance. Thirty-six pens of 4 barrows and 4 gilts/pen (total 8 pigs/pen) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal control (8.7% neutral detergent fiber, NDF), 20% dried distillers grains (DDGS; 13.6% NDF) or 14.5% sugar beet pulp (SBP; 13.6% NDF). Experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 86 in 3 phases. Diets were balanced to constant NE and SID lysine within phase. Net energy values for ingredients were 2,672 kcal/kg, 2,343 kcal/kg, and 1,734 kcal/kg for corn, DDGS, and SBP, respectively. Overall, there was no evidence for treatment difference in ADG or ADFI. Pigs fed DDGS had a tendency for poorer G:F compared to pigs fed the control or 14.5% SBP diets (P < 0.10). Caloric efficiency of net energy (NE) was poorer (P < 0.10) in pigs fed DDGS compared to those fed control and SBP. There was a tendency for decreased (P < 0.07) hot carcass weight and decreased (P < 0.05) carcass yield in pigs fed DDGS and SBP compared to those fed the control diet. Loin depth tended to decrease (P < 0.10) in pigs fed SBP compared to the control with pigs fed DDGS being intermediate. Therefore, pigs fed DDGS tended to have poorer feed efficiency compared to those fed the control diet or SBP. This can be explained by the overestimation of NE demonstrated by an increase in caloric efficiency. Increasing dietary NDF reduced carcass yield.
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PSIV-7 Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs fed steam-exploded canola meal
Authors: Sanchez-Zannatta Joaquin J , Thanh Bich Van Le , Wang Lifang , Beltranena Eduardo , Newkirk Rex N , Zijlstra Ruurd T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Canola meal (CM) is widely included in swine diets, but its fiber matrix compromises its nutritional value. Whether steam-explosion with high pressure can increase nutrient digestibility of CM and hence growth performance in pigs is unknown. To explore, Brassica napus CM was processed with steam pressure at 700 or 1,100 kPa for 5 min followed by a sudden release of pressure to produce steam-exploded CM7 and CM11, respectively. Four diets containing 20% CM, CM7, CM11, or soybean meal (SBM) were formulated to provide 2.3 Mcal net energy (NE)/kg and 5.1 g standardized ileal digestible lysine/Mcal NE. From 2 weeks post-weaning, 256 pigs (BW, 10 kg) were fed the 4 diets for 4 weeks in a randomized complete block design with 16 blocks and 4 pigs per pen. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and gross energy (GE) was 4.8, 4.3 and 3.7%-units lower (P < 0.05), respectively, for the 3 CM diets than the SBM diet, whereas diet digestible energy (DE) value was not different. Steam-explosion of CM did not affect diet ATTD of DM and GE, but reduced (P < 0.05) diet ATTD of CP. For the entire trial (day 1–28), steam-explosion at either 700 or 1,100 kPa increased (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) of CM, but the CM diet had lower (P < 0.05) ADFI than the SBM diet. Average daily gain (ADG) did not differ among the 4 diets. Consequently, feed efficiency (G:F) was greater (P < 0.05) for the 3 CM diets than the SBM diet. In conclusion, steam-explosion of CM did not increase diet nutrient digestibility or growth performance of weaned pigs.
PSIV-15 Development of a modelling framework to account for P kinetics in growing and finishing pigs
Authors: Misiura Maciej M , Filipe Joao A N , Walk Carrie L , Kyriazakis Ilias 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Key underlying assumptions of current pig growth models, developed in the context of nutritionally balanced feeds, may be invalid for pigs given inadequate dietary phosphorous (P). To account for pig performance on feeds of different P content, a dynamic, mechanistic growth model was developed where ingested P is allocated to either soft tissue or skeletal tissue. The following issues needed to be addressed: 1) potential impact of different dietary P concentrations on feed intake; 2) estimation of the whole-body protein (Pr):P relationship; 3) allocation of ingested P into different body tissues. Statistical analyses of the published literature data, utilising meta-regression indicated the following answers: 1) there was no compensatory feed consumption in pigs fed P-deficient diets (p > 0.05); 2) the whole-body Pr:P relationship was feed-dependent, i.e., body P was directly proportional to body Pr in pigs fed P-adequate diets but lower in pigs fed P-deficient diets; 3) P retention in the soft tissue was prioritised over P deposition in bone when the dietary P was low (p < 0.001). A growth model incorporating mechanisms based on the above data analyses suggests that pigs given P-limiting feeds attempt to maintain the same level of lean tissue retention attained with a P-balanced diet, but at the expense of reduced skeletal deposition. Specifically, bone P growth was reduced in relation to a balanced-diet for moderately-P-deficient diets, and static for severely-P-deficient diets. The overall average daily gain remained largely unaffected for moderately-P-deficient pigs. The present in-silico framework of P kinetics could be utilised to study the consequences of different P feeding strategies on animal growth and body composition, and to verify whether further reduction in dietary P requirements could be achieved with no loss in animal performance.
PSIV-19 Dietary spray dried plasma on immune responses of lactating sows and their litters
Authors: Kim Byeonghyeon , Kim Junsu , Kim Kwangwook , Kim Sheena , Lee Jeongjae , Kang Joowon , Mun Daye , Baek Jangryeol , Kim Soyun , Ji Peng , Choe Jeehwan , Song Minho 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of spray dried plasma (SDP) in lactation diets on immune responses of lactating sows and their litters. A total of 12 lactating sows (227.75 ± 7.50 kg BW; parity = 2.0 ± 0.7) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were a typical lactation diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON supplemented with 1% of SDP (SDP). Sows were fed experimental diets from d 30 before expected farrowing to weaning. Blood Samples were collected from sows on d 0, 3, and 7 after farrowing and randomly selected 2 piglets in each sow on d 3 and 7 after birth. Measurements were serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, and immunoglobulin (Ig)G, M, and A from their litters by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM of SAS. Sows fed SDP tended (P < 0.10) to have lower serum TNF-α on d 3 (264.94 vs. 281.96 pg/ml) and d 7 (249.35 vs. 272.15 pg/ml) than sows fed CON. Moreover, SDP tended (P < 0.10) to decrease of serum TGF-β (311.37 vs. 448.07 pg/ml) and cortisol (0.47 vs. 0.55 ng/ml) on d 3 compared with CON. The litters from sows fed SDP tended (P < 0.10) to reduce serum TNF-α (349.87 vs. 423.57 pg/ml), TGF-β (853.49 vs. 980.41 pg/ml), and cortisol (0.62 vs. 1.05 ng/ml) on d 7 than litters from sows fed CON. However, there were no differences on CRP, IgG, IgM, and IgA of sows and their offspring between CON and SDP. In conclusion, supplementation of dietary spray dried plasma in lactation diets may reduce inflammatory responses of sows and their litters.
PSV-7 Effects of a Bacillus-based probiotic on sow and litter performance, fecal consistency, and fecal microflora
Authors: Menegat Mariana Boscato , Gourley Kiah M , Braun Michaela B , DeRouchey Joel M , Woodworth Jason C , Bryte Jim , Tokach Mike D , Dritz Steve S , Goodband Robert D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementation of sow diets with Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin®, Calpis Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) during gestation and lactation. A total of 29 sows (DNA 241) with confirmed pregnancy on d 30 of gestation were assigned to dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design based on BW and parity. Treatments were: control diet or probiotic diet with Calsporin® at 500,000 and 1,000,000 CFU/g of diet in gestation and lactation, respectively. Data were collected on d 30 and 112 of gestation and d 2 and 19 of lactation. Fecal consistency was assessed on a 1-to-5 scale for each litter. Fecal samples were collected from sows and piglets for microbial analysis by culture method and bacterial quantification of Bacillus subtilis C-3102, total Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae, total aerobes, and total anaerobes. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS®) with sow as experimental unit. Probiotic-fed sows had a marginally significant (P < 0.10) increase in lactation ADFI, but it did not result (P > 0.10) in improvement in sow or piglet weight at weaning. Probiotic-fed sows had a marginally significant (P < 0.10) larger litter size after cross-fostering, but it did not result (P > 0.10) in larger litter size at weaning. Fecal consistency of piglets was not influenced (P > 0.10) by sow diet. Microbial analysis revealed an increase (P < 0.01) in Bacillus subtilis C-3102 and, consequently, total Bacillus sp. in fecal microflora of probiotic-fed sows and piglets born and nursed by probiotic-fed sows. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that providing Calsporin® to sows during gestation and lactation improved lactation ADFI and cross-fostering litter size, although further larger-scale studies are required for elucidation. The probiotic diet did not influence fecal consistency, but altered the fecal microbial population in sows and nursing piglets by increasing total Bacillus sp.
PSV-10 Effects of storing three phytase sources for 90 days under high temperature and humidity on phytase stability, growth performance, and bone mineralization of nursery pigs
Authors: Vier Carine M , Menegat Mariana Boscato , Gourley Kiah M , Dritz Steve S , Tokach Mike D , Bergstrom Jon R , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M , Woodworth Jason C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated storing 3 commercial phytases for 90 d in an environmental chamber set at 29.4°C and 75% humidity on phytase stability and nursery pig growth performance and bone mineralization. The phytases [HiPhos GT (20,000 FYT/g, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ); Axtra Phy TPT (20,000 FTU/g, Dupont, Wilmington, DE), and Quantum Blue G (40,000 FTU/g, AB Vista, Plantation, FL)] were kept as pure forms or blended in a vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premix and sampled on d 0, 30, 60, and 90 of storage. Regardless of source and form, analyzed phytase activity decreased (linear, P < 0.001) as storage increased. Afterwards, 300 nursery pigs (11.7 kg BW) were assigned to 1 of 8 treatments in a RCBD with 4-5 pigs/pen and 8 pens/treatment. Treatments included a negative (NC, 0.12% aP) and positive control (PC, 0.27% aP) without phytase; or NC with added phytase to provide 0.15% aP (1,000, 651 and 500 FTU/kg for HiPhos, Axtra Phy, and Quantum Blue, respectively). Negative control with added phytase treatments were manufactured with each phytase source previously stored in pure form or VTM premix for 90d. Pigs fed PC had greater (P < 0.001) ADG compared to pigs fed Axtra Phy stored in VTM or NC. Feed intake was similar for PC, phytases stored in pure forms, and HiPhos and Quantum Blue stored in VTM, and greater (P < 0.001) than pigs fed NC. Pigs fed PC or HiPhos stored in pure form had improved (P < 0.001) G:F compared to pigs fed NC. Bone mineralization was greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed PC compared to NC, phytases stored in VTM, and Axtra Phy and Quantum Blue stored in pure form. Regardless of source and form, phytase activity decreased as storage increased. In this study, bone ash was reduced when phytases were stored for 90d in a VTM compared to the PC.
PSV-13 Effects of increasing iron dosage in newborn pigs on subsequent nursery performance and hematological criteria
Authors: Williams Hayden E , DeRouchey Joel M , Woodworth Jason C , Dritz Steve S , Tokach Mike D , Goodband Robert D , Holtcamp Andrew 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Weaned pigs (n = 308; 5.7 kg BW) were used in a 42-d study evaluating the effects of increasing injectable Fe dose at processing (d 3 after farrowing) on subsequent nursery pig performance and hematological criteria. Pigs were weaned on d 21 and allotted to pens based on previous Fe treatment with BW balanced across pens within a treatment with 5 or 6 pigs/pen and 10 pens/treatment. Treatments applied at processing were a negative control receiving no Fe injection or increasing injectable Fe (Gleptoforte, Ceva Animal Health, Lenexa, KS) to provide 50, 100, 150, 200-mg, or 200-mg plus 100-mg on d 11 post-farrowing. All pigs were fed the same diets after weaning containing 110 mg/kg of Fe from FeSO4 provided from the trace mineral premix. Growth data were analyzed as a CRD with pen as the experimental unit. Hematological criteria were analyzed as a repeated measure with pig as the experimental unit. Overall, increasing injectable Fe improved (linear; P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI (Table 1). Increasing injectable Fe up to 150 mg improved (quadratic; P = 0.011) G:F with a worsening G:F thereafter. There was no evidence of difference in growth performance (P > 0.10) between the 200-mg and the 200 + 100 mg injectable Fe treatments. Significant treatment×day interactions (P < 0.001) were observed for Hgb and Hct because pigs receiving an Fe injection less than 150-mg had increasing values through nursery while all other pigs had values remaining constant until d 63 after birth with no evidence of difference (P > 0.10) amongst all treatments at d 63 after birth. These results suggest that providing a 200-mg Fe injection at processing provides the greatest growth performance in the nursery and Fe in the diet is sufficient to meet the pigs’ Fe requirement to restore blood Fe status at the end of the nursery.
PSV-15 Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids on growth performance and blood characteristics of weanling pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets
Authors: Rundle Carly , Artuso-Ponte Valeria , Stein Hans H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine effects of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) on growth performance and blood characteristics of weanling pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. A total of 160 pigs (6.33 ± 0.61 kg) were allotted to 4 corn-soybean meal-based treatments, with 4 pigs per pen and 10 replicate pens per treatment. A 3-phase feeding program was used with d 0 to 8 as phase 1, d 8 to 21 as phase 2, and d 21 to 34 as phase 3. Within each phase, the 4 diets were identical except for the inclusion of IQ in the feed: 0, 90, 180, or 360 mg IQ/kg complete feed. Pig weights and the feed left in the feeders were recorded on the last d of each phase to calculate average daily gain and average gain:feed ratio. A blood sample was collected from 1 pig per pen on d 8, 21, and 34. Data were analyzed by linear and quadratic contrasts using the Proc MIXED of SAS with coefficients for unequally spaced treatments being generated from Proc IML. Results indicated that there were no differences among treatments in growth performance over the entire experimental period (Table 1). A quadratic increase (P < 0.05) of total protein in plasma was observed in phase 1, with the highest value in plasma of pigs fed the 180 mg/kg IQ diet, and there was a tendency for plasma urea N to increase in phases 2 and 3 (linear; P = 0.07) if IQ was added to the diet. In conclusion, although IQ supplementation did not effect overall growth performance, results indicate that absorption of amino acids was likely improved by inclusion of IQ in the diets as evidenced by the increased plasma urea nitrogen and increased total protein in plasma.
PSV-18 Effects of varying ratio of L-Arginine and Lysine on the performance of sows and their litters
Authors: Ahn Jemin , Yang Yi , Kim In Ho 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different ratios of L-Arginine and lysine on the performance of sows and their piglets. A total of 12 (Landrace×Yorkshire) sows, with an average parity of 2.3 (from 1 to 4), were subjected to 3 treatments with 4 sows per treatment. Treatments were as follows: 1) CON, Basal diet (L-arginine: Lysine= 0.95), 2) TRT1, CON + Arginine (A: L = 1), and 3) TRT2, CON + Arginine (A: L = 1.05). The supplementation of 1.05 A: L showed reduction in body weight loss after farrowing (linear, P = 0.0105), at weaning (linear, P = 0.0492), and increased the back-fat thickness loss after farrowing (0.00498) and at weaning (0.0204). Dietary supplementation of 1.05 A: L increased (linear, P = 0.0226) body weight of piglets at weaning. In addition, dietary supplementation of L-Arginine tended to increase (linear, P = 0.0103) the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets at weaning. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with L-arginine (A: L = 1.05) exerted positive effects on some of the reproductive performance parameters in sows and growth performance in suckling piglets. These findings may provide an insight into a new nutritional strategy for sows.
PSVI-10 Essential oils and benzoic acid, associated or not with antibiotic, in diets for weaned piglets on cecum microbiota composition
Authors: Júnior Cláudio Silva , Silva Claudia C , Falleiros Francine T , Pereira Rafaela , Tizioto Polyana , Paula Vinícius , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Budiño Fábio , Ruiz Urbano Santos 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of an alternative feed additive (benzoic acid and the essential oils of eugenol, thymus and piperine), associated or not with colistin, in weaned piglets feeding on α and β bacterial diversity, and on the percentages of operational taxonomic unit of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Campylobacter in the cecum content of pigs. One hundred and eight crossbred piglets (5.3 ± 0.5kg) were housed 3 per pen and fed the following diets: a control diet (CON) with no addition of growth promoter feed additive; CON + 40 ppm of colistin; CON + 0.3% of essential oils and benzoic acid; and CON + 0.3% of essential oils and benzoic acid, and 40 ppm of colistin. The diets were based on corn, soybean meal, dairy products, and spray-dried blood plasma, and were formulated to provide 3.40 Mcal of ME/kg; 220 g of CP/kg; and 14.5 g of digestible lysine/kg. The animals were sanitary challenged, by spraying 2 L of diluted pig manure (60 % of manure to 40 % of water) at each nursery pen two days before the beginning of the trial. At the 14th day of the trial, 9 animals per diet were euthanized, and the cecum content was collected for microbial DNA extraction and sequencing. The data was submitted to ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS. The α and β bacterial diversity, and the percentages of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium in the cecum of pigs were not affected (P > 0.05) by the experimental diets. There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for a lower concentration of Escherichia (3.5 vs. 1.46%) and lower percentage of Campylobacter (10.21 vs. 0.52%) in the cecum content of piglets fed diets containing essential oils and benzoic acid compared to pigs fed diets without the alternative feed additive. Inclusion of benzoic acid and essential oils in piglets feeding was effective in controlling intestinal pathogenic bacteria.
PSVI-17 Evaluation of a nutritional water supplement on growth performance of nursery pigs
Authors: Sawyer Afton , Carter Scott , Cooper Carson , Aparachita Pornpim , Bible Megan R , Sandberg Fredrik 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
One-hundred forty weanling pigs (5.26 kg; 20 d of age) were used to determine the effects of a nutritional water supplement (WB; Water Boost, Furst-McNess, Freeport, IL) on growth performance of nursery pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted to two water treatments (7 pens/treatment; 10 pigs/pen). The water treatments were 0 and 62.5 mL WB/L of water (stock solution) supplied by water medicators (1:100 dilution). Pigs were fed simple, corn soybean meal diets (no plasma or crystalline lactose utilized) in four dietary phases (Phase 1: d 0-7, Phase 2: d 7-14, Phase 3: d 14-21, and Phase 4: d 21-42). The water treatments were provided on d 0 through d 3. Pigs and feeders were weighed weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Water meters were used to record and calculate water disappearance. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen serving as the experimental unit. Water disappearance (L/pig/d) was not affected from d 0-21, but it increased (P < 0.01) for pigs provided WB for d 21-42 (1.71 vs 2.12) and d 0-42 (1.11 vs 1.35). Growth performance was not affected by WB during d 0-21. However, from d 21-42, WB tended to increase (P < 0.10) ADG (483 vs 528 g/d) and ADFI (706 vs 767 g/d), but it had no effect on G:F. For the overall period, pigs provided WB from d 0-3 tended to have improved G:F (0.671 vs 0.684) and numerical increases in ADG (P = 0.14) and ADFI (P = 0.17) were observed. Final ending body weight tended to be increased (P < 0.10) for pigs provided WB (18.6 vs 19.9 kg). These results suggest providing WB for the first three days in the nursery to pigs fed corn soybean meal-based diets increased water disappearance and tended to improve growth performance of nursery pigs.
PSVI-25 Feed NSPase enzyme, Natugrain® TS, improves performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finishing pigs
Authors: Coelho Michael , Jones Robert , Parks Frank 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In a separate data set reported on the same trial (Coelho, 2018) reported that Natugrain TS changed the microbiome by breaking down arabinoxylans into smaller oligosaccharides, decreasing intestinal E. coli and intestinal lesion score. This study data set evaluated the effect of a NSPase enzyme, Natugrain TS, on pig performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 3,750 weaned pigs (28 kg), (PIC 337 x Camborough), were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (25 pigs/pen x 5 treatments x 30 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and fed mash corn/soy/DDGs diets formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. Treatments were T1= 0 g/MT Natugrain TS, T2= 100 g/MT Natugrain TS, T3= 150 g/MT Natugrain TS, T4= 200 g/MT Natugrain TS and T5= 250 g/MT Natugrain TS. At the finishing phase, Natugrain TS significantly increased ADG up to 200 g/ton (841, 842, 847, 854 and 852 g, P < 0.05, respectively), decreased FCR up to a dose level of 200 g/ton (2.77, 2.76, 2.74, 2.72 and 2.73, P < 0.05, respectively), increased carcass yield up to a dose level of 200 g/ton (70.2, 70.6, 71.2, 71.4 and 71.2, P < 0.05, respectively), increased percent lean up to a dose level of 200 g/ton (50.1, 50.7, 51.2, 52.4 and 52.1%, P < 0.05, respectively) and decreased mortality up to a dose level of 200 g/ton (4.8, 3.6, 2.7, 1.9 and 2.1%, P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, Natugrain TS at 150 to 200 g/ton increased pig performance, carcass charateristics and decreased mortality.