bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Differentiated View on Short Stemmed Hip Arthroplasty – What are the Differences in Fixation and Biomechanics?
Authors: Jerosch Jörg , von Engelhardt Lars Victor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present paper gives an overview of the different types of short stem total hip replacements. There is a pronounced inhomogeneity of the nomenclature in clinical practice as well as in regard to the scientific literature. Examples include neck preserving implants, meta-, epi- or metadiaphyseal fixed implants, microimplants, ultrashort implants, partial neck preserving implants, trochanteric sparing implants, implants with extra- and/or intramedullar fixation, implants without primary fixation, etc. Biomechanically, the short stems vary from very short, completely neck retaining versions up to implants which are just a shorter version of a standard implant. A frequently cited classification recommends the osteotomy level as a discriminating factor. This classification categorizes into a neck preserving, partial neck preserving and neck resecting short stems.
Thyroid hemiagenesis is combined with a variety of thyroid
disorders
Authors: Schneider Christina , Dietlein Markus , Faust Michael , Drzezga Alexander , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Aim Thyroid hemiagenesis (TH) is a rare congenital anomaly in which one
thyroid lobe fails to develop. We describe our experience with at least 13
patients presenting with TH at our department.
Methods We retrospectively analysed patients with TH, who had been
referred primarily to our clinic between 2004 and 2010. In patients with TH,
thyroid function parameters and thyroid autoantibodies were examined.
99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy and sonography were
performed in all patients and confirmed the diagnosis of TH.
Results We identified 13 patients (11 women, 2 men) with TH in our patient
collective and calculated an estimated prevalence of TH of 0.08 %.We found TH to occur more frequently in the left lobe and also more frequently in
females than in males. 9 patients presented with a total absence of one thyroid
lobe and 4 patients presented with severe hypoplasia of one thyroid lobe with an
isthmus appearing as a “hockey stick sign” on scintigraphic imaging. Associated
thyroid diseases could be observed in the remaining lobe in all patients and
included hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, nodular goiter, toxic goiter,
hypofunctioning nodules, Graves’ disease and Hashimoto-thyroiditis. The most
frequent thyroid disease in our patients with TH was nodular goiter. We did not
find any association of TH with malignancy.
Conclusion TH is mostly detected incidentally as the prevalence of TH is
extraordinary low. The fact that all of our patients with TH were also affected
by other forms of thyroid disease is reasonable since the patients were not
referred to the diagnostic centre due to TH but rather due to the associated
thyroid disease. Possibly there are different groups of TH: the symptomatic
hypothyroid children, the lifelong euthyroid adults who are diagnosed
incidentally through another thyroid disease and the patients with a molecular
failure of proper thyroid development.
Beginn der Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Kress Stephan 
Published: April 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer erstmalige Beginn einer Insulintherapie beim Typ-2-Diabetes stellt für viele Patienten und Therapeuten eine Herausforderung dar. Die Notwendigkeit und der Beginn der Insulintherapie belasten den Patienten enorm und stellen oft einen schweren Einschnitt in seinem Leben dar. Dabei ist Typ-2-Diabetes nicht gleich Typ-2-Diabetes. Der Verlust der Betazellfunktion geschieht mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit. Und bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose kann die Betazellfunktion im Mittel um 50 % reduziert sein. Die Therapie sollte also vielmehr bedarfsgerecht auf mehrere Typen mit unterschiedlicher Betazellfunktion abgestimmt sein. Zahlreiche Studien demonstrieren, dass Patienten von einer frühen, sehr guten und stabilen Einstellung profitieren und vor einer Progression, d.h. dem weiteren Nachlassen der Betazellfunktion, geschützt werden. Darüber hinaus reduziert die frühe Therapieintensivierung nach Erstdiagnose eines Typ-2-Diabetes im Vergleich zum verzögerten Vorgehen das Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen bzw. Myokardinfarkte.
Update Hygiene: Prävention von Gefäßkatheter-assoziierten Infektionen bei Früh- und Neugeborenen
Authors: Eichel Vanessa , Papan Cihan , Mutters Nico T. 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO) des Robert Koch-Instituts hat im Mai 2018 eine Empfehlung mit wichtigen Neuerungen zum Thema Prävention von Gefäßkatheter-assoziierten Infektionen bei Früh- und Neugeborenen herausgegeben.
Ziel Zusammenfassende Darstellung, Erläuterung und kritische Diskussion der KRINKO Empfehlung.
Methoden Die Empfehlungen der KRINKO wurden zusammengefasst und unter Berücksichtigung der Originalquellen diskutiert.
Ergebnisse Insbesondere wurden Aussagen zur Anlage und Erhaltungspflege von Gefäßkathetern und zur Zubereitung von Infusionen formuliert. Insgesamt ist die Evidenz der Empfehlungen jedoch niedrig. Etwa 26% (19 von 74) sind unter Kategorie IA oder IB eingestuft. 40% der Empfehlungen entsprechen jedoch nur der Kategorie II, basieren also auf hinweisenden klinischen oder epidemiologischen Studien oder nachvollziehbaren theoretischen Begründungen. Entsprechend fehlt es an dringend gebrauchten klinischen Studien.
Diskussion Präventionsstrategien wurden detailliert besprochen und Fragestellungen aus der Praxis aufgegriffen. Die hohe Anzahl von Einzelempfehlungen mit teils niedrigem Evidenzgrad erfordern eine gemeinsame Beurteilung von Krankenhaushygienikern und Klinikern, um eine erfolgreiche Implementierung in der Praxis und eine Fokussierung auf die wichtigsten Inhalte, adaptiert an die Situation vor Ort, zu gewährleisten.
Conserved serum protein biomarkers associated with growing early colorectal adenomas
Authors: Ivancic Melanie M. , Anson Leigh W. , Pickhardt Perry J. , Megna Bryant , Pooler Bryan D. , Clipson Linda , Reichelderfer Mark , Sussman Michael R. , Dove William F. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The premalignant colonic adenoma presents a long-lived target to prevent colon cancer. The levels of peptide biomarkers for four serum proteins—F5, ITIH4, LRG1, and VTN—are each elevated in sera in two adenoma-bearing animal models and in patients. The elevated levels of these serum proteins are correlated with total colonic adenoma number in the rat model. Longitudinal analysis of patients demonstrated their association with the subset of adenomas that continue to grow, but not with the total volume of the adenoma burden. This pattern of correlation with the number and growth, but not total adenoma volume, indicates that this class of marker can complement an emergent class of volume-dependent markers to detect the growing early colonic adenoma, minimizing overdiagnosis.
Locus coeruleus toggles reciprocal prefrontal firing to reinstate fear
Authors: Giustino Thomas F. , Fitzgerald Paul J. , Ressler Reed L. , Maren Stephen 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Fear relapse represents a significant problem for individuals suffering from stress- and trauma-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Here, we show that locus coeruleus norepinephrine activation produces fear relapse in rats. In addition, locus coeruleus activation inverts neuronal firing properties of the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices to drive this fear relapse. Elevated noradrenergic tone and subsequent changes in prefrontal firing properties represent a therapeutic target for combating fear relapse.
The Association of Social Isolation With the Risk of Stroke Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Zhou Zi , Lin Cen , Ma Jiaping , Towne Samuel D , Han Yaofeng , Fang Ya 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Given that there is limited research examining the specific role social isolation plays in stroke risk, we aimed to estimate the controlled direct effect of social isolation on stroke risk in China. A nationally representative sample (n = 12,662) of persons aged 45 years or more at baseline (2011), with corresponding follow-ups in 2013 and 2015, was taken from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Stroke was assessed through a self- or proxy-reported physician’s diagnosis. Social isolation was measured by incorporating marital status, frequency of contact with friends, family, and children, and participation in social activities. A marginal structural model with stabilized inverse probability weights was applied to examine the controlled direct effect of social isolation on stroke risk. Overall, 245 persons had a stroke within the 4-year timeline under study. The total effect model indicated that persons experiencing social isolation had a 64% increased risk of stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26, 2.13). Results from the marginal structural model also indicated that socially isolated persons had an increased risk of stroke (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.82) after adjustment for depression. Interventions to reduce social isolation may be particularly beneficial in preventing the occurrence of stroke among middle-aged and older adults in China.
Characterizing the role of the structural connectome in seizure dynamics
Authors: Shah Preya , Ashourvan Arian , Mikhail Fadi , Pines Adam , Kini Lohith , Oechsel Kelly , Das Sandhitsu R , Stein Joel M , Shinohara Russell T , Bassett Danielle S , Litt Brian , Davis Kathryn A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
How does the human brain’s structural scaffold give rise to its intricate functional dynamics? This is a central question in translational neuroscience that is particularly relevant to epilepsy, a disorder affecting over 50 million subjects worldwide. Treatment for medication-resistant focal epilepsy is often structural—through surgery or laser ablation—but structural targets, particularly in patients without clear lesions, are largely based on functional mapping via intracranial EEG. Unfortunately, the relationship between structural and functional connectivity in the seizing brain is poorly understood. In this study, we quantify structure-function coupling, specifically between white matter connections and intracranial EEG, across pre-ictal and ictal periods in 45 seizures from nine patients with unilateral drug-resistant focal epilepsy. We use high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography to construct structural connectivity networks and correlate these networks with time-varying broadband and frequency-specific functional networks derived from coregistered intracranial EEG. Across all frequency bands, we find significant increases in structure-function coupling from pre-ictal to ictal periods. We demonstrate that short-range structural connections are primarily responsible for this increase in coupling. Finally, we find that spatiotemporal patterns of structure-function coupling are highly stereotyped for each patient. These results suggest that seizures harness the underlying structural connectome as they propagate. Mapping the relationship between structural and functional connectivity in epilepsy may inform new therapies to halt seizure spread, and pave the way for targeted patient-specific interventions.
A Hierarchical Watershed Model of Fluid Intelligence in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Fuhrmann Delia , Simpson-Kent Ivan L , Bathelt Joe ,   The CALM Team, Kievit Rogier A , Holmes Joni , Gathercole Susan , Astle Duncan , Manly Tom , Kievit Rogier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFluid intelligence is the capacity to solve novel problems in the absence of task-specific knowledge and is highly predictive of outcomes like educational attainment and psychopathology. Here, we modeled the neurocognitive architecture of fluid intelligence in two cohorts: the Centre for Attention, Leaning and Memory sample (CALM) (N = 551, aged 5–17 years) and the Enhanced Nathan Kline Institute—Rockland Sample (NKI-RS) (N = 335, aged 6–17 years). We used multivariate structural equation modeling to test a preregistered watershed model of fluid intelligence. This model predicts that white matter contributes to intermediate cognitive phenotypes, like working memory and processing speed, which, in turn, contribute to fluid intelligence. We found that this model performed well for both samples and explained large amounts of variance in fluid intelligence (R2CALM = 51.2%, R2NKI-RS = 78.3%). The relationship between cognitive abilities and white matter differed with age, showing a dip in strength around ages 7–12 years. This age effect may reflect a reorganization of the neurocognitive architecture around pre- and early puberty. Overall, these findings highlight that intelligence is part of a complex hierarchical system of partially independent effects.
Sensory Integration: Cross-Modal Communication Between the Olfactory and Visual Systems in Zebrafish
Authors: Li Lei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cross-modal sensory communication is an innate biological process that refers to the combination and/or interpretation of different types of sensory input in the brain. Often, this process conjugates with neural modulation, by which the neural signals that convey sensory information are adjusted, such as intensity, frequency, complexity, and/or novelty. Although the anatomic pathways involved in cross-modal sensory integration have been previously described, the course of development and the physiological roles of multisensory signaling integration in brain functions remain to be elucidated. In this article, I review some of the recent findings in sensory integration from research using the zebrafish models. In zebrafish, cross-modal sensory integration occurs between the olfactory and visual systems. It is mediated by the olfacto-retinal centrifugal (ORC) pathway, which originates from the terminalis nerve (TN) in the olfactory bulb and terminates in the neural retina. In the retina, the TNs synapse with the inner nuclear layer dopaminergic interplexiform cells (DA-IPCs). Through the ORC pathway, stimulation of the olfactory neurons alters the cellular activity of TNs and DA-IPCs, which in turn modulates retinal neural function and increases behavioral visual sensitivity.
Prevalence of Anxiety or Depression Diagnosis in Deaf Adults
Authors: Kushalnagar Poorna , Reesman Jennifer , Holcomb Tara , Ryan Claire 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The national prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders among deaf adults who use American Sign Language (ASL) remains largely understudied. Data for self-reported depression and anxiety disorder diagnosis (n = 1,704 deaf adults; n = 3,287 hearing adults) as told by their healthcare providers were drawn from HINTS-ASL and HINTS datasets. Chi-square and Poisson regression analysis compared characteristics and predictors for depression or anxiety disorder diagnosis among deaf adults. Rate of diagnosed depression or anxiety disorder was significantly higher (25%) and occurred at earlier age (45 years; SD = 15) for deaf adults compared to hearing adults (22%; mean age = 56; SD = 14). After adjusting for covariates, deaf individuals who were White, younger, female, educated, or single were significantly more likely to self-report a diagnosis of depression/anxiety disorder as told by their healthcare providers. Deaf adults have higher reported rate of diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder at an earlier onset compared to the general population. Communication access with healthcare providers is essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and follow up care.
Arrhythmic risk stratification in post-myocardial infarction patients with preserved ejection fraction: the PRESERVE EF study
Authors: Gatzoulis Konstantinos A , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Arsenos Petros , Antoniou Christos-Konstantinos , Dilaveris Polychronis , Sideris Skevos , Kanoupakis Emmanuel , Simantirakis Emmanouil , Korantzopoulos Panagiotis , Goudevenos Ioannis , Flevari Panagiota , Iliodromitis Efstathios , Sideris Antonios , Vassilikos Vassilios , Fragakis Nikolaos , Trachanas Konstantinos , Vernardos Michail , Konstantinou Ioannis , Tsimos Konstantinos , Xenogiannis Iosif , Vlachos Konstantinos , Saplaouras Athanasios , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Kallikazaros Ioannis , Tousoulis Dimitrios 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) annual incidence is 0.6–1% in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≥40%. No recommendations for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) use exist in this population.

Methods and results
We introduced a combined non-invasive/invasive risk stratification approach in post-MI ischaemia-free patients, with LVEF ≥ 40%, in a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. Patients with at least one positive electrocardiographic non-invasive risk factor (NIRF): premature ventricular complexes, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, late potentials, prolonged QTc, increased T-wave alternans, reduced heart rate variability, abnormal deceleration capacity with abnormal turbulence, were referred for programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS), with ICDs offered to those inducible. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a major arrhythmic event (MAE), namely sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, appropriate ICD activation or SCD. We screened and included 575 consecutive patients (mean age 57 years, LVEF 50.8%). Of them, 204 (35.5%) had at least one positive NIRF. Forty-one of 152 patients undergoing PVS (27–7.1% of total sample) were inducible. Thirty-seven (90.2%) of them received an ICD. Mean follow-up was 32 months and no SCDs were observed, while 9 ICDs (1.57% of total screened population) were appropriately activated. None patient without NIRFs or with NIRFs but negative PVS met the primary endpoint. The algorithm yielded the following: sensitivity 100%, specificity 93.8%, positive predictive value 22%, and negative predictive value 100%.

Conclusion
The two-step approach of the PRESERVE EF study detects a subpopulation of post-MI patients with preserved LVEF at risk for MAEs that can be effectively addressed with an ICD.

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier
NCT02124018
Empathy and Close Social Ties in Late Life
Authors: Huo Meng , Fuentecilla Jamie L , Birditt Kira S , Fingerman Karen L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Older adults with stronger social ties often lead longer, healthier, and happier lives, but these ties may differ based on older adults’ ability to share and understand others’ emotions (i.e., empathy). This study asked how empathy was associated with the way that older adults construct and engage in their social worlds.

Method
We drew on the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study to examine how older adults’ empathy was associated with the structure (e.g., network size and contact), function (e.g., support), and quality (e.g., affection and conflict) of their close social ties. Participants (N = 333) self-rated empathy and listed their social partners using three concentric convoy circles.

Results
Empathy was not associated with older adults’ social network structure, but more empathic older adults exchanged support with more social partners and reported greater affection for their social partners. We did not observe a significant link between older adults’ empathy and conflict with social partners.

Discussion
Examining empathy advances our understanding of individual differences in older adults’ close social ties. This study suggests that empathy may play a promising role with regard to promoting older adults’ social experiences and strengthening their close ties.
Engaging Caregivers in Health-Related Housing Decisions for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Adekpedjou Rhéda , Stacey Dawn , Brière Nathalie , Freitas Adriana , Garvelink Mirjam M , Dogba Maman Joyce , Durand Pierre J , Desroches Sophie , Croteau Jordie , Rivest Louis-Paul , Légaré France 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesInformal caregivers are rarely as involved as they want to be in the housing decisions of cognitively impaired older adults. Lack of awareness of available options and their benefits and risks may lead to decisions that do not reflect older adults’ preferences, and to guilt and regret. We assessed the effect of training home care teams in interprofessional shared decision-making (SDM) on the proportion of caregivers who report being active in this decision.Research Design and MethodsIn a two-arm pragmatic cluster randomized trial with home care teams working in health centers in the Province of Quebec, we randomized health centers to receive training in interprofessional SDM (intervention) or not (control). Eligible caregivers had made a housing decision for a cognitively impaired adult aged 65 years or older who was receiving services from a home care team. The primary outcome was the proportion of caregivers reporting an active role in decision making. We performed intention-to-treat multilevel analysis.ResultsWe consecutively enrolled a random group of 16 health centers and recruited 309 caregivers, among whom 296 were included in the analysis. In the intervention arm, the proportion of caregivers reporting an active role in decision making increased by 12% (95% CI −2% to 27%; p = .10). After removal of an influential cluster outlier, the proportion increased to 18% (95% CI: 7%–29%; p &lt; .01).Discussion and ImplicationsTraining home care teams in interprofessional SDM increased caregiver involvement in health-related housing decisions for cognitively impaired older adults.
Exploring the role of genetic confounding in the association between maternal and offspring body mass index: evidence from three birth cohorts
Authors: Bond Tom A , Karhunen Ville , Wielscher Matthias , Auvinen Juha , Männikkö Minna , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Gunter Marc J , Felix Janine F , Prokopenko Inga , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter M , Evans David M , Sebert Sylvain , Lewin Alex , O’Reilly Paul F , Lawlor Debbie A , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with offspring birth weight (BW) and BMI in childhood and adulthood. Each of these associations could be due to causal intrauterine effects, or confounding (genetic or environmental), or some combination of these. Here we estimate the extent to which the association between maternal BMI and offspring body size is explained by offspring genotype, as a first step towards establishing the importance of genetic confounding.

Methods
We examined the associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI with offspring BW and BMI at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, in three European birth cohorts (n ≤11 498). Bivariate Genomic-relatedness-based Restricted Maximum Likelihood implemented in the GCTA software (GCTA-GREML) was used to estimate the extent to which phenotypic covariance was explained by offspring genotype as captured by common imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We merged individual participant data from all cohorts, enabling calculation of pooled estimates.

Results
Phenotypic covariance (equivalent here to Pearson’s correlation coefficient) between maternal BMI and offspring phenotype was 0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13, 0.17] for offspring BW, increasing to 0.29 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.31) for offspring 15 year BMI. Covariance explained by offspring genotype was negligible for BW [–0.04 (95% CI: –0.09, 0.01)], but increased to 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.21) at 15 years, which is equivalent to 43% (95% CI: 15%, 72%) of the phenotypic covariance. Sensitivity analyses using weight, BMI and ponderal index as the offspring phenotype at all ages showed similar results.

Conclusions
Offspring genotype explains a substantial fraction of the covariance between maternal BMI and offspring adolescent BMI. This is consistent with a potentially important role for genetic confounding as a driver of the maternal BMI–offspring BMI association.