bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) caught using pole and line redesign vessel
Authors: Amir N , Farhum A , Baso S , Novita Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The pole and line vessel is one of the fishing vessels in the waters of Bone Bay which contributes more than 50% of the production of tuna in South Sulawesi, and has a special shape with a flying deck and live bait hatches. Generally, pole and line vessels in South Sulawesi do not have catch hatches. The catch is placed on the deck without proper handling, so that the quality of the caught fish quickly decreases, results in low fish prices. This study aims to determine the quality of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) caught using a pole and line redesign vessel. The research was conducted on pole and line vessel operating in Bone Bay, Luwu Regency. Determination of vessels and sampling of skipjack tuna using accidental sampling technique. The samples were fish placed on deck and fish in the redesigned pole and line vessel holds. Parameters were organoleptic, Total Plate Count, E. coli, water content, protein, fat, and pH. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The results showed that the quality of skipjack tuna stored in the redesigned pole and line vessel holds was better than that stored on deck.
Mangrove Forest Ecosystem in Majene: Hopes or Challenges?
Authors: Gosari B. A. J. , Baso A. , Made S. , Amilluddin  , Fachri M.E. , Wahid A. , Amri A. , Arief A. A. , Hamzah  , Firman  , Saru A. , Takril  , Muhtar  
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mangrove forest ecosystems are important habitats for marine organisms and have great economic potential. This study aimed to explain the role of mangrove forest ecosystems and their economic potential using descriptive analysis. Data obtained from related studies then described further. Mangrove is located in the Majene Regency, West Sulawesi Province. Mangrove species were observed in situ in March 2023 and identified at the Water Quality Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University. The results showed that there were 14 types from eight families. The highest density of mangrove vegetation was Rhizophora stylosa with a stand of 2169 trees/ha and the smallest was Scaevola taccada with a stand of 40 trees/ha. The economic potential is determined directly by utilizing mangroves as food and boards, while the indirect value is determined by assessing the function of the mangrove ecosystem in the environment, the supporting value and the value of the existence of mangroves. The total economic potential is IDR 100,489,205,186.- The hope for the mangrove ecosystem is of course, to optimize the carrying capacity of the ecosystem and its sustainable economic use, while the challenge for the mangrove ecosystem is in the form of efforts to restore damaged mangroves. Recently, the extent of mangrove forests in this area has been decreasing because of the conversion of mangroves into human settlements, fish ponds and uncontrolled mangrove exploitation. This is a challenge for the mangrove forest ecosystems in the Majene.
Legal reconstruction of the impact of sea sand mining on the socio-environmental conditions of the Spermonde Islands community
Authors: Ratnawati  , Musakkir  , Heryani Wiwie , Faisal Muhammad , Gemilang Muhammad Surya , Arifin Arnita Pratiwi , Azizah Wafiq 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Regulatory discrepancies exist regarding fishing areas and sand mining zones on the Spermonde Islands. This discrepancy makes the Spermonde Islands a sand mining area and a fishing area. This has had an impact on the socio-environmental conditions of the people of the Spermonde Islands. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of sand mining activities and describe legal reconstruction in dealing with sea sand mining problems that have an impact on the socio-environmental conditions of the Spermonde Islands community. This research is qualitative with a socio-legal approach and uses data collection techniques, focus group discussions, and interviews. The data obtained were then analyzed using an argumentative analysis. The results of this study show the negative impact of sea sand mining in terms of socio-environmental conditions. Because of the existence of sea sand mining activities, the marine system of the mining location has been damaged, which is marked by a decrease in the number of fishermen’s catches, which has an impact on decreasing fishermen’s income, and has implications for the decline in the welfare level of the people of the Spermonde Islands. Thus, effective Legal Reconstruction is to revise the South Sulawesi Provincial Government PERDA No. 2 of 2019 by separating the sand mining zone from the fishing zone.
How to Compare Constitutionally: An Essay in Honor of Mark Tushnet
Authors: Dixon Rosalind 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Constitutional comparison is a multifaceted phenomenon. This chapter explores the different modes of constitutional comparison, drawing on illustrations from South African constitutional jurisprudence and the work of Professor Mark Tushnet as a leading comparative constitutional scholar. For instance, it notes comparison as a form of migration or transfer of ideas, as deliberative, empirical, or functional, reflective, and moral–cosmopolitan in nature, but also the overlaps between these categories, thinner and thicker variants, and their implications for scholars, judges, and constitutional drafters. It further considers what these different modes imply for principles of case selection, or the scope of constitutional comparison in different contexts.
Comparative Constitutional Law: Reflections on a Field Transformed
Authors: Hirschl Ran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Over the past two decades, comparative constitutional inquiry has witnessed a tremendous intellectual renaissance. The scholarly pursuits of Mark Tushnet reflect and embody this remarkable transformation. His many comparative constitutional writings over the past quarter-century have contributed considerably to the advancement and canonization of comparative constitutional inquiry in the American legal academy. And his willingness to engage with pertinent concepts and ideas from political science helped foster a culture of interdisciplinarity that characterizes contemporary comparative constitutional studies. More generally, it reflects the acceptance of disciplinary-fluid comparative discourse by leading constitutional scholars. However, at least two obstacles for the continued advancement of the field persist. First, the recent contribution of political scientists to comparative constitutional studies has been rather modest. Given the critical significance of constitutional law, constitutional courts, and constitutional politics worldwide, this shortcoming is becoming ever harder to justify. Second, the Global South constitutional universe has become a bustling lab of innovation that in many respects is more promising than its Northern counterpart. If comparative constitutional scholars are serious about the potential of comparative constitutional inquiry to offer effective remedies to some of the burning challenges of our time, closer attention to Global South constitutionalism is the call of the hour.
Canon and Comparative Constitutional Law
Authors: Law David S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the context of comparative constitutional law, “canon” is an ambiguous concept that can assume very different forms and functions, some of which are profoundly problematic. For purposes of evaluation, it is necessary to distinguish among at least four varieties of “canon”: descriptive, normative, pedagogical, and discursive. The descriptive and normative varieties tend to be constructed in highly path-dependent ways from a very limited population of countries and cases, with the result of perpetuating and reinforcing the blind spots and systematic biases of the field as well as the privileged positions of scholars in Western, English-speaking settings. Conscious pursuit of a comparative constitutional law “canon” for its own sake should therefore be abandoned. The idea of canon might appear at first blush to satisfy the practical need to cull the overabundance of materials generated by an expanding, international, and interdisciplinary field. For pedagogical purposes, time constraints and student needs necessitate highly selective coverage, and for discursive purposes, coordination upon some common conceptual vocabulary is helpful. However, canon in its conventional form is not a satisfactory way of culling materials in either context. Instead, pedagogical and discursive choices should be guided by principles of representativeness and generality. Representativeness includes, among other things, sampling the universe of constitutional experience and materials along all major dimensions of variation, such as region and regime type. Generality entails a preference for a country-neutral and thus more inclusive and universalistic vocabulary: for example, one would discuss the generic concept of “override clauses” rather than the country-specific example of “Canada’s notwithstanding clause,” which in turn facilitates study of the same phenomenon across a broader, more representative sample of jurisdictions.
Foxes, Hedgehogs, and Ants
Authors: Scheppele Kim Lane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Isaiah Berlin distinguished two types of thinkers: the fox who knows many things and the hedgehog who knows one big thing. Mark Tushnet has been a fox for most of his career, writing about almost every topic that exists in comparative constitutional law. But there’s an underappreciated hedgehog hiding in his work as well, as he has remained true to his original Critical Legal Studies sensibility that an equality-generating revolution would always be welcome and that constitutionalism can sometimes stand in the way. This chapter explores both the fox and the hedgehog in Tushnet’s work and adds another animal to the constitutional zoo, in the form of ant constitutionalism. “Ant” not only identifies the animal species with the most complex divisions of labor and resulting interdependencies but has also become the acronym for the Actor–Network Theory of Bruno Latour, who emphasizes relations among elements rather than the elements themselves in understanding how societies work. Ant constitutionalists see constitutions not as disaggregatable sets of rules but as interdependent systems of networked links. To an ant, constitutional systems are wholes and the task is to understand how the various pieces of particular systems relate to each other in a specific cultural and historical space. Taking Mark Tushnet’s and Bojan Bugarič’s recent book Power to the People as a starting point, this chapter shows how the three forms of constitutional theory differ in how they explain the rise of populism and the decline of constitutional democracy.
Ancillary Powers of Constitution-Making Bodies
Authors: Landau David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes and analyzes ancillary powers of constitution-making bodies: powers exercised by these bodies that go beyond the core task of writing a new constitutional text. These ancillary functions include tasks such as legislating, calling new elections, or reorganizing or replacing members of state institutions. Modern constitution-making experiences in Latin America, including in Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador, show that these powers can play a central role in reshaping the political context. In some circumstances, they have also been abused to attack the democratic order. For this reason, two prominent theorists of constituent power, Andrew Arato and Joel Colon-Rios, have proposed reworking the theory to clarify that constitution-making bodies should not carry out ancillary functions and must focus exclusively on their core task of preparing a new constitutional text. Putting these proposals in dialogue with Mark Tushnet’s conception of constituent power suggests two problems with proposed prohibitions on ancillary functions. First, it is difficult to draw a line between core and ancillary functions of constitution-making bodies, a problem illustrated by considering transitional constitutional provisions. Second, and more provocatively, in some contexts ancillary powers might play a useful or even necessary prodemocratic role, and there is a risk—as cautioned by Tushnet—that theorizing about legal forms or concepts might obscure rather than clarify struggles that should be fought in overtly political terms.
Legal Reasoning Matters
Authors: Grimm Dieter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the United States, the legitimacy of judicial review is increasingly questioned. Behind the skepticism seems to be a deep distrust in the capacity or willingness of courts to objectively determining the meaning of constitutional provisions vis-à-vis individual cases or controversies. Because of this presupposition, the critics of judicial review do not find it worthwhile to treat legal reasoning as practiced in courts and presented in court opinions. Often they are not even interested whether the constitution contains a rule regarding the case at hand. However, in spite of the fact that the text of a constitution does not completely determine its interpretation and application, legal reasoning based on a special constitutional methodology is what happens in courts and what allows characterization of their activity as being legal and not simply political in nature. To disregard it misses the specific contribution of the law to the civilization of politics, which was originally invented in the United States and still counts as an important achievement.
Mapping Power: Constitutionalism and Its Colonial Legacy
Authors: Delaney Erin F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter seeks to identify and engage the paradox at the heart of postcolonial constitutionalism: the possibility of coexisting (and cocreating) colonial coercion and autochthonous agency. It argues that elucidating this “coercive constitutionalism” requires a methodology of rich description that builds on an understanding of law as power within a culturally embedded, interdisciplinary, and collaborative community. In so doing, the chapter builds on and dovetails with many of Mark Tushnet’s intellectual and methodological commitments. It concludes by suggesting that the study of coercive constitutionalism necessarily fuels a normative turn. It may be, in the words of Foluke Ifejola Adebisi, that “deconstructing the postcolonial speaks of what can be,” but it is the reconstruction project that will determine what is.
Religion in Beethoven’s Library
Authors: Chong Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses primarily on two religious books in Beethoven’s library, which he likely read in the 1810s: Christoph Christian Sturm’s Betrachtungen über die Werke Gottes im Reiche der Natur und der Vorsehung, and Ignaz Aurelius Feßler’s Ansichten von Religion und Kirchenthum. Though the authors of both texts were Protestant, their lives and writings intersected with the German Catholic Enlightenment, a situation typical of the movement’s ecumenical outlook. Moreover, the concerns of these two books overlap with those of the Catholic Enlightenment: the presence of God in nature, in the case of Sturm’s Betrachtungen; and ecumenism, in the case of Feßler’s Ansichten. An additional section of the chapter discusses the non-Christian quotations in Beethoven’s Tagebuch, a commonplace book Beethoven maintained, also during the 1810s. Contrary to previous assumptions, within the framework of the Catholic Enlightenment, this openness to other religious traditions was not considered antithetical to traditional Christian belief.
The London Broughtonians
Authors: Macfarlane Kirsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the first decade of the seventeenth century, a group of godly lay people with an interest in biblical scholarship began to gather in London. Among all the godly in London at this time, this group was distinguished by its devotion to the works of the Hebraist Hugh Broughton, who had died in 1612. Using archival evidence from across Europe and North America, this chapter reconstructs the activities of this group, giving us a rare glimpse into the intellectual lives of the puritan laity. By situating this reconstruction within the historiography of London godly communities as well as early modern print culture, this chapter recovers an ambitious community of men and women, bound by strong kin ties, who went beyond the usual godly pursuits of collecting sermons and annotating Bibles to engage with cutting-edge contemporary biblical criticism.
Those Who Stayed and Those Who Left
Authors: Macfarlane Kirsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
During the 1620s, life in London became more difficult for the godly and the group split in two: those who stayed in England, and those who left for Massachusetts. Chapter 2 begins by examining the pursuits of those who remained in England. It argues that the story of those who stayed is one of decline, as the group fragmented and lost its intellectual distinctiveness. Among those who left, a more complicated story can be told. Foremost among these immigrants were William Pynchon, Edward Holyoke, and their families, who formed a tightly knit community. At the centre of this community were the theological books Holyoke took with him, which he annotated and circulated widely for the edification of his friends and family. Using this evidence, this chapter argues that for these New England readers, erudition and piety were inextricably intertwined, since to engage in biblical scholarship was itself a spiritual exercise.
The Synagogue and the Sabbath
Authors: Macfarlane Kirsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While the first half of the book traced the development of the Broughtonians, the second half examines some major questions of divinity with which they were engaged, moving from the realm of book history into the history of theology. It begins with Pynchon and Holyoke’s studies of the ancient Jewish synagogue, which were first published anonymously in London in 1648. At the same time as they delved into the historic practices of the Sanhedrin and synagogue, Pynchon and Holyoke were also inspired to research ancient Jewish precedents for lay participation in biblical scholarship, which they used to justify their own activities as well as to advocate for universal education in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. Next, it demonstrates how such lay participation functioned in practice, by examining how Pynchon deployed all he had learned from his autodidactic travails to produce a sophisticated if idiosyncratic account of the Christian Sabbath.
Effectiveness of bivalent mRNA booster vaccination and previous infection in older adults during Omicron period: real-world evidence
Authors: España Pedro-Pablo , Castillo-Sintes Idoia , Legarreta Maria J , Bilbao-González Amaia , Larrea Nere , Gascon Maria , Uranga Ane , Artaraz Amaia , Garcia-Asensio Julia , Quintana Jose M ,   the COVID-Health Basque Country Research Group, Portuondo Janire , Garcia Julia , Bilbao González Amaia , Castillo Sintes Idoia , Quintana Jose M , García-Gutierrez Susana , Legarreta Maria J , Gascón María , Larrea Nere , Gonzalez Nerea , Martin Josune , España Pedro Pablo , Uranga Ane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The effectiveness of booster bivalent vaccines against the Omicron variant, particularly amongst older patients, remains uncertain.

Objective
We sought to compare the relative effectiveness of a fourth dose of vaccine using bivalent messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), by comparing patients who had and had not received this dose.

Methods
We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study to assess the risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and death of people aged &gt;60 years with four doses as compared to those with only three doses. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We adjusted by age, sex, nursing-home, comorbidities, primary care setting and previous episodes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. We also investigated the impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection within each cohort, using the same methodology.

Results
The administration of a fourth bivalent mRNA vaccine dose conferred significant additional protection against COVID-19 infection (HR: 0.479; 95% CI: 0.454–0.506), hospitalization (HR: 0.393; 95% CI: 0.348–0.443) and 30-day mortality (HR: 0.234; 95% CI: 0.171–0.318), as compared to individuals who had received only a third monovalent vaccine dose. In both cohorts, a prior history of COVID-19 infection involves lower risk of COVID-infection, hospitalization and death.

Conclusions
During the period of Omicron predominance, receiving a bivalent booster vaccine as a fourth dose, as compared to receiving only three doses of a monovalent mRNA vaccine, provides significant extra protection against COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and mortality. Antecedents of SARS-CoV-2 prior to vaccination involves a notable reduction in the above COVID-19 outcomes.
Using Double Negative Controls to Adjust for Healthy User Bias in a Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Safety Study
Authors: Li Kendrick , Emerman Iris , Cook Andrea J , Fireman Bruce H , Sundaram Maria , Tseng Hung-Fu X , Weintraub Eric S , Yu Onchee , Nelson Jennifer L , Shi Xu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Unmeasured confounding is a major concern in many epidemiologic studies that are not randomized. Negative control methods can detect and reduce confounding by leveraging the proxies of the unmeasured confounders, including negative control outcomes (NCO) and exposures (NCE). An NCO is presumably unaffected by the exposure of interest but would be associated with unmeasured confounders; an NCE presumably does not affect the outcome of interest but would be associated with unmeasured confounders. A recently proposed double negative control method leverages both NCO and NCE for unmeasured confounding bias. To demonstrate this relatively new methodology in pharmacoepidemiologic studies, we re-analyzed data from a prior safety study of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV). The prior study compared risk of safety outcomes of RZV versus unvaccinated comparators, using logistic regression with propensity score adjustment. We identified NCOs and NCEs that could be used to adjust for unmeasured confounding bias that could arise if RZV recipients are incomparable to the comparators due to unmeasured factors. The double negative control analysis yielded relative risk estimates slightly closer to 1.0 than those reported previously, providing additional evidence of RZV safety that is less vulnerable to unmeasured confounding.