bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trial protocol for Siroskin: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topical sirolimus in chemoprevention of facial squamous cell carcinomas in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Dousset Lea , Chambers Daniel C , Webster Angela , Isbel Nicole , Campbell Scott , Duarte Carla , Gordon Louisa , Damian Diona , Tseng Anne , Karlsen Emma , Ilinsky Olga Victoria , Brown Susan , Schaider Helmut , Soyer H. Peter , Ospino Daniel Ariza , Hogarth Sam , Chong Alvin , Mar Victoria , McKenzie Scott , Gin Douglas , Fernandez-Penas Pablo , Kern Johannes S , Loewe Katja , Roy Edwige , Herschtal Alan , Khosrotehrani Kiarash 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Keratinocyte carcinomas such as Basal Cell Carcinomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas are a major burden affecting morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). Best treatment includes frequent skin checks for early detection and surgery for high incidence of skin cancers.
Sirolimus is an immunosuppressive drug which may reduce the burden of skin cancer but may be poorly tolerated when given orally. Topical sirolimus has been proven effective at reducing the burden of skin cancers in animal models and its safety has long been established in children with tuberous sclerosis. A recent 12-week Phase II trial of topical sirolimus suggested it was safe and effective at reducing the early signs of skin cancer in the absence of major side effects. The aim of the SiroSkin trial is to determine whether topical sirolimus can fill a major gap in current therapies by reducing the onset and number of new skin cancers thus reducing burden of disease and cost-effectiveness.
Methods: Protocol for a multi-centered phase III, participant and clinician assessor blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial in SOTRs. A minimum 146 participants randomised 1:1 will be treated with 1% topical sirolimus versus placebo applied to the face on a regular basis for 24 weeks. Participation is 24 months in total –24-weeks of treatment and 18 months of follow-up. Outcomes include the number of keratinocyte carcinomas at 24 weeks of treatment compared to placebo, and then at 12 and 24 months after initiation of treatment. Analysis will be as per protocol and intention to treat.
Discussion: The results of this trial will inform management strategies for skin cancers after SOTR and provide evidence for cost effectiveness.
Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT05860881. Registered on Jun 15, 2023, and on anzctr.org.au (registration number NCT05860881).
Structural Constraint Integration in Generative Model for Discovery of Quantum Material Candidates
Authors: Li Mingda , Okabe Ryotaro , Cheng Mouyang , Chottratanapituk Abhijatmedhi , Hung Nguyen Tuan , Fu Xiang , Han Bowen , Wang Yao , Xie Weiwei , Cava Robert , Jaakkola Tommi , Cheng Yongqiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Billions of organic molecules are known, but only a tiny fraction of the functional inorganic materials have been discovered, a particularly relevant problem to the community searching for new quantum materials. Recent advancements in machine learning-based generative models, particularly diffusion models, show great promise for generating new, stable materials. However, integrating geometric patterns into materials generation remains a challenge. Here, we introduce Structural Constraint Integration in the GENerative model (SCIGEN). Our approach can modify any trained generative diffusion model by strategic masking of the denoised structure with a diffused constrained structure prior to each diffusion step to steer the generation toward constrained outputs. Furthermore, we mathematically prove that SCIGEN effectively performs conditional sampling from the original distribution, which is crucial for generating stable constrained materials. We generate eight million compounds using Archimedean lattices as prototype constraints, with over 10% surviving a multi-staged stability pre-screening. High-throughput density functional theory (DFT) on 26,000 survived compounds shows that over 50% passed structural optimization at the DFT level. Since the properties of quantum materials are closely related to geometric patterns, our results indicate that SCIGEN provides a general framework for generating quantum materials candidates.
Impact of different weaning strategies of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) on neonatal cerebral oxygen saturation and hemodynamics: protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Wenli , Xiong Tao , Tang Jun , Shi Jing , Chen Chao , Huang Yi , Tian Ke , Zhou Rong , Yuan Zhu , Wang Aoyu , Zhu Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: High-frequency ventilation (HFV) is commonly used in neonatal intensive care units to provide respiratory support for critically ill neonates. Currently, there is no standardized procedure for weaning from HFV. Two commonly used strategies are transitioning from HFV to conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) before extubation (HFV-CMV) and extubation after decreasing mean airway pressure during HFV (HFV-HFV). The impact of these strategies on neonatal cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics remains incompletely understood.
Methods: We will conduct a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of two different HFV weaning strategies (HFV-CMV, HFV-HFV) on neonatal cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics. The patients enrolled in the trial will be randomly allocated to either the HFV-CMV group or the HFV-HFV group in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome will be cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2) before and after the intervention. Second outcomes are cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction, heart rate, blood pressure, the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia. We hypothesize that HFV-CMV results in positive impact on neonatal cerebral oxygenation compared to HFV-HFV. This study aims to identify a better weaning strategy for HFV and contribute evidence-based data to enhance its clinical application in newborns, potentially improving the care and outcomes for neonates receiving HFV.
Discussion: This study aims to assessing the impact of different HFV weaning strategies on neonatal cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics, as well as the relationship between the duration of HFV under different strategies and neurological complications, to identify better weaning methods for HFV. We hope to contribute evidence-based data to enhance clinical application of HFV in newborns, potentially improving the care and outcomes for neonates receiving HFV.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2400088628. Registered on August 22, 2024, https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=235926
Cardiometabolic health in children with preexisting dyslipidemia: trends and disparities
Authors: First Mary C. , Reilly Keegan J. , Zhang Xiao , Peterson Amy L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective(s): To evaluate the impact of a child’s proximity to an urban center on their cardiometabolic health status and their response to treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors. Study Design: Retrospective review of the institutional pediatric lipid clinic database was conducted for all subjects receiving care from 1/1/2011 to 12/31/2023, with subgroup analysis of subjects with ≥ 2 clinical encounters and/or set of laboratory values. Subjects were classified as rural/urban and advantaged/middle/underserved based on their zip code using the Wisconsin Collaborative for Healthcare Quality classification system. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine disparities in baseline cardiometabolic health parameters by urban/rural groupings. Among subjects with multiple encounters, baseline and final available values were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: 2419 subjects were included in the initial analysis with 75.4% living in urban environments and 51.9% having advantaged status. Urban advantaged children had lower BMI percentiles and waist circumference, but higher LDL-C values compared to other urban groups (p < 0.05). Rural advantaged and middle groups had higher TC, non-HDL-C, LDL-C than the urban groups (p < 0.05). 1522 subjects had ≥ 2 encounters, with significant decreases in all lipid parameters (p < 0.006 for all). There was no change in fasting glucose, HbA1c or ALT. Conclusions: Disparities in cardiometabolic parameters were seen at time of presentation based on rural/urban and advantaged/middle/underserved status, but all groups had similar improvements in cardiometabolic parameters throughout the course of treatment.
A Novel Peptide Encoded by circSRCAP Confers Resistance to Enzalutamide by Inhibiting the Ubiquitin-Dependent Degradation of AR-V7 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bai Jin , Meng Xiannan , Wu Qingxuan , Cao Chengsong , Yang Wendong , Chu Sufang , Guo Hongjun , Qi Suhua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate mechanisms underlying enzalutamide (ENZ) resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by investigating the role of circular RNA circSRCAP. Utilizing high-throughput RNA sequencing, circSRCAP was identified as significantly upregulated in ENZ-resistant CRPC cells, correlating with elevated levels of the androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) protein. Further analyses revealed that circSRCAP encodes circSRCAP-75aa, a peptide that disrupts AR-V7 regulation by inhibiting the ubiquitination of HSP70, a co-chaperone protein, through dissociating STUB1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase. This mechanism ultimately leads to enhanced AR-V7 expression and consequent resistance to ENZ. Xenograft tumor models confirmed the role of circSRCAP in CRPC progression and its potential as a therapeutic target for ENZ-resistant CRPC. These findings highlight circSRCAP as a crucial epigenetic regulator in determining AR-V7 fate and offer a promising avenue for addressing ENZ resistance in CRPC.
Facile and rapid preparation of magnetic imprinted adsorbent for specific separation and capture of liquid-crystal monomers pollutants in environmental water and soil samples
Authors: Zhang Yueyue , Tang Dingliang , Wu Yuanfei , Huang Xiaojia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Specific separation and extraction is a pivotal stage in the accurate quantification of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) pollutants in complex environmental samples. In this context, a new fluorinated imprinted adsorbent (MIA) for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) was one-pot prepared within 3.5 h using 4-[difluoro(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]-3,5-difluoro-4'-ethyl-biphenyl (DFBP) as template and 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate/vinylanthracene as dual monomers. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of MIA fabricated in the beneficial conditions were investigated by various characterized techniques. Under the optimal parameters, the prepared MIA presented satisfactory specific recognition performance. The recognition factor and adsorption capacity towards DFBP were as high as 2.7 and 15.9 mg/g, respectively. At the same time, the specific recognition behaviors of MIA/MSPE towards DFBP were surveyed by means of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm. Combining with HPLC coupled with diode array detector (DAD), sensitive, reliable and anti-interference method for the monitoring of LCMs residuals in various environmental water and soil samples was established. The achieved enrichment factors were 132–248 and 96–204 in water and soil samples, respectively. The corresponding limits of detection were 0.0017–0.0051 µg/L and 0.087–0.28 µg/kg, respectively. Moreover, confirmatory experiments were adopted to inspect the accuracy of established MIA/MSPE-HPLC/DAD approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that using imprinted material to specific isolation and capture of LCMs which have been classified as emerging organic pollutants.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Investigations of Ni/MoS2 and Ni/MoS2-rGO Hybrid Catalysts for Fuel Cells Applications
Authors: Shrivastav Monika , Galriya Harshit , Nayak Ripsa Rani , Gupta Navneet Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Dhiman Rajnish 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Due to its layered structure and appropriate electronic configuration, two-dimensional MoS2 has been considered a reliable and inexpensive electrocatalyst and electrode material for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Additionally, the MoS2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structure can act as a good host for other nanocatalysts. However, the catalytic activity of pristine MoS2 is not as effective as the industrial targeted values. In this work, Nickel-MoS2 (Ni/MoS2) and Ni/MoS2-rGO composites are synthesized and evaluated as catalysts for ORR at the cathode. Electrochemical studies using a rotating disk electrode system confirmed that the as-synthesized catalyst exhibits good electrocatalytic activity to ORR in alkaline media (0.1 M KOH) and followed the desirable 4e− transfer process. Ni/MoS2-rGO composite displays a current density of ‒11.1 mA/cm2 and onset potential of 0.87 V at 2400 rpm, whereas bare MoS2 shows the values of limiting current density and onset potential of ‒5.8 mA/cm2 and 0.79 V respectively. Numerous highly active Mo sites, high conductivity, and high specific surface area in MoS2-rGO make it a novel catalyst material for ORR. Ni further enhances conductivity and is involved in electrochemical reactions. Therefore, Ni/MoS2-rGO composite can be a good candidate for electrode catalyst material for alkaline fuel cells.
Experimental study on the dust control performance of rotating fog curtain under the perturbation of long-pressure and short-pumping ventilation
Authors: Chen Jingxu , Zhi Yongkai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The dust source point in the coal-breaking operation prolonged activities generate substantial dust, diminished the air quality at the tunneling face. This study focuses on the pneumatic vortex fog curtain dust control system in the underground coal mine tunneling face. It explores the dust-trapping performance of this system under the disturbance of a long-pressure and short-suction auxiliary ventilation system. The results indicate that the respiratory dust captured by the fog curtain wall on the driver's working side can be reduced from an average concentration of 135.5mg/m3 to 2.5mg/m3, and on the 15m downwind side of the coal-cutting machine, it decreases from 70.2mg/m3 to 2.5mg/m3. Under the disturbance of the long-pressure and short-suction ventilation system, as the wind speed increases, the rotating fog curtain gap expands, reducing the sealing performance. Without compromising the fog curtain conditions, this combined system achieves efficient dust suppression, significantly improving the working environment at the tunneling face.
Pollen Grain Intensity Identification in the Air using YOLO and RNN: A Review
Authors: E Umamaheswari , V Kanchana Devi , B Sruthakeerthi , Jha Adwaita , Shukla Vaishnavi , Koyani Raj , Bacanin Nebojsa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Pollen allergies, also known as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, impact millions of people worldwide, especially during peak seasons when pollen concentrations in the air are elevated. Traditional methods of monitoring pollen levels, such as manual counting and analysis of pollen traps, often result in delayed reports that do not provide real-time data. This limitation leaves individuals with allergies vulnerable to sudden increases in pollen levels. Furthermore, regional variations in pollen concentrations and the influence of environmental factors such as wind patterns, temperature, and humidity make it challenging to offer accurate, localized pollen forecasts. With the advent of advanced machine learning technologies, there is now an opportunity to transform the way pollen is detected and predicted, providing more immediate and personalized solutions for allergy sufferers. The integration of YOLO and RNN models offers a groundbreaking approach to this problem, leveraging both real-time visual analysis and predictive analytics to deliver timely and accurate pollen data.
The YOLO model, widely recognized for its ability to perform real-time object detection, is particularly suited for detecting and classifying pollen grains in outdoor environments. By deploying cameras in strategic locations—such as near parks, forests, or urban areas with high vegetation—this system can capture continuous video feeds or images of the air. YOLO then processes these visual inputs to detect pollen particles in real time, distinguishing them from other airborne particulates like dust or pollution. This visual detection is crucial for 1providing immediate updates on pollen presence in the air. The RNN model complements this by offering a predictive component, using historical pollen data, environmental factors, and trends to forecast future pollen levels.
MSC Classification: 30C45 , 30C50
Exhaled breath analysis using a novel electronic nose for different respiratory disease entities with gas chromatography mass spectrometry validation
Authors: Yu Kai-Lun , Yang Han-Ching , Lee Chien-Feng , Wu Shang-Yu , Ye Zhong-Kai , Rai Sujeet Kumar , Lee Meng-Rui , Tang Kea-Tiong , Wang Jann-Yuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Electronic noses (eNose) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are two important breath analysis approaches for differentiating between respiratory diseases. We evaluated the performance of a novel electronic nose for different respiratory diseases, along with GC-MS for validation.
Materials and Methods
Patients with lung cancer, pneumonia, and structural lung diseases, along with healthy participants were recruited between May 2019 to July 2022. Exhaled breath samples were collected for eNose and GC-MS analysis. Breathprint features from eNose were analyzed using support vector machine model and leave-one-out cross-validation was performed.
Results
A total of 263 participants (including 95 lung cancer, 59 pneumonia, 71 structural lung disease, and 38 healthy participants) were included. Three-dimensional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed a clear distribution of breathprints. The overall accuracy of eNose for four groups was 0.738 (194/263). The accuracy was 0.86 (61/71), 0.81 (77/95), 0.53 (31/59), and 0.66 (25/38) for structural lung disease, lung cancer, pneumonia, and control groups respectively. Pair-wise diagnostic performance comparison revealed excellent discriminant power (AUC: 1-0.813) among four groups. The best performance was between structural lung disease and healthy controls (AUC: 1), followed by lung cancer and structural lung disease (AUC: 0.958). Volatile organic compounds revealed a high individual occurrence rate of cyclohexanone and N,N-dimethylacetamide in pneumonic patients, ethyl acetate in structural lung disease, and 2,3,4-trimethylhexane in lung cancer patients.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that the novel eNose effectively differentiates between respiratory diseases and has potential as a point-of-care diagnostic tool. GC-MS also identified candidate VOC biomarkers for different diseases.
Fairness Identification of Large Language Models in Recommendation
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Baisong , Qin Jiangcheng , Zhang Xueyuan , Huang Weiming , Wang Yangyang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Ensuring fairness in recommendation systems necessitates that models do not discriminate against users based on demographic information such as gender and age. Current fairness strategies often apply a unified fairness intervention, presuming that users' recommendation results are adversely influenced by sensitive attributes. This approach can sometimes diminish both the utility and fairness of recommendations for certain users. Drawing inspiration from the studies of human-like behavior in large language models(LLMs), we investigate whether LLMs can serve as fairness recognizers in recommendation systems. Specifically, we explore if the fairness awareness inherent in LLMs can be harnessed to construct fair recommendations. To this end, we generate recommendation results on MovieLens and LastFM datasets using the Variational Autoencoder(VAE) and VAE with integrated fairness strategies. Our findings reveal that LLMs can indeed recognize fair recommendations by evaluating the fairness of users' recommendation results. We then propose a method to design fair recommendations by incorporating LLMs: replacing the recommendation results generated by the VAE of users identified as unfair by LLMs with those generated by a fair VAE. Evaluating these reconstructed recommendations demonstrates that leveraging the fairness recognition capabilities of LLMs achieves a better balance between effectiveness and fairness.
Optimization of dispersion angle in resonant cavity micro-light-emitting diode using multilayer DBR and microlens structures
Authors: Lee Tzu-Yi , Huang Chien-Chi , Hsiao Fu-He , Sher Chin-Wei , Lin Gong-Ru , Chen Li-Yin , Chen Fang-Chung , Lin Chia-Feng , He Jr-Hau , Hong Kuo-Bin , Hong Yu-Heng , Kuo Hao-Chung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this paper, the fabrication and the corresponding performance characteristics of resonant cavity micro-light-emitting diodes (RC-µ-LEDs) are examined, with particular emphasis placed on reducing the light emission angle to enhance their application efficiency. A stepped quantum well structure and a multilayer aperture distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) are used to reduce the light emission angle, and two different approaches are investigated: one is by adding a multilayer DBR structure, and the other is by incorporating a microlens (ML) structure. The experimental results show that both adjusting the DBR cycles and adding microlenses can effectively reduce the dispersion angle of light emission, and thus improving the directionality of light, wavelength stability, and the overall device performance. Such highly directional light sources offer great solutions for optical communications, micro-LEDs, and augmented reality (AR) applications.