bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sun protection and young female beachgoers: A formative theory‐based approach to identifying key sun safe beliefs
Authors: White Katherine M. , Zhao Xiang , Sutton Louise C. Starfelt , Robinson Natalie G. , Hamilton Kyra 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIssue addressedThe prevalence of skin cancer remains at a high level in Australia. Young female Australian beachgoers are an at‐risk population of skin cancer. Research on sun‐protective beliefs held by this at‐risk group is limited.MethodsBased on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), we conducted a formative study to understand key sun safe messages among young female beachgoers in Queensland, including an elicitation study (Phase 1; N = 21, Mage = 24.30 years) and a two‐wave questionnaire survey (Phase 2; N = 140, Mage = 23.96 years).ResultsFollowing content analysis and regression analyses, three key beliefs were identified: “be uncomfortable and/or unstylish” (behavioural belief), “friends and peers” (normative belief) and “lack of motivation to reapply sunscreen” (control belief).ConclusionsThe results highlight the influences of friends and peers on beachgoers’ sun‐protective behaviour for this young female adult cohort. Compared to previous findings among the general population, discrepancies in beliefs suggest interventions targeting this cohort should specifically focus on fashionable sun safe images and motivation to reapply sunscreen.So what?Future health promotion and public education should utilise various strategies according to specific groups given the discrepancies identified in beliefs. For female beachgoers, sun safe images and motivations should be the primary foci.
Understanding user requirements to improve adoption of influenza diagnostics in clinical care within Metro Manila
Authors: Gerth‐Guyette Emily , Malacad Carol C. , Demonteverde Ma Paz , Faulx Dunia , Lochhead Michael J. , Lupisan Socorro P. , Leader Brandon T. , Tallo Veronica L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and aimInfluenza diagnostics play a critical role informing in clinical management decisions and defining the global epidemiology of the disease to support public health responses. Use of influenza diagnostics within most low‐income and middle‐income countries remains limited, including in the Philippines, where they are currently used only for epidemiologic surveillance. The aim of this study was to define key considerations, including product characteristics, which may influence future adoption, uptake, and integration of influenza diagnostics into public and private clinical settings in this emerging Asian market.MethodsOur study was conducted using a convenience sample of public and private hospital laboratories in Metro Manila. A usability assessment was conducted that included interviews with decision‐makers and direct observation of laboratory end users using 2 platforms representative of emerging diagnostic products: (1) a point‐of‐care antigen‐based rapid immunoassay diagnostic test paired with a reader and (2) a molecular diagnostic platform intended for decentralized use. Data were analyzed to assess user errors and device failure modes with each platform and to determine key considerations related to product adoption and uptake.ResultsThe most difficult test step for most users on both platforms involved sample preparation. When deciding to adopt a new test, priority product attributes include performance, potential volume of demand from clinicians, equipment cost, and ease of use. Demand for new tests is likely going to be driven by clinicians, and policies and guidelines will be needed to support the introduction of new products.ConclusionAdoption of influenza diagnostics in Metro Manila is feasible but will require affordable products capable of satisfying needs for use in both epidemiologic surveillance and clinical management.
Simplified laparoscopic sacropexy avoiding deep vaginal dissection
Authors: Cosma Stefano , Petruzzelli Paolo , Chiadò Fiorio Tin Michela , Parisi Silvia , Olearo Elena , Fassio Federica , Zizzo Roberto , Danese Saverio , Benedetto Chiara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of a “simplified” laparoscopic sacropexy approach.MethodsData were retrospectively assessed from women with apical prolapse of stage 2 or higher who underwent “simplified” laparoscopic sacropexy between October 1, 2010, and May 31, 2017 at the St Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science, Torino, Italy. Patients were treated with the “simplified” laparoscopic sacropexy, where meshes were anchored solely to the vaginal apex, even in the presence of advanced multi‐compartment vaginal prolapse. Data on prolapse stage and urogenital functions collected through clinical examinations, and questionnaires at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter were examined.ResultsOverall, 121 women were included in the analysis; the mean follow‐up was 33.2 months. Mean operative time was 135.1 minutes; there were no intraoperative visceral or vascular injuries. There was 1 (0.8%) patient who experienced recurrence, and 2 (1.7%) who experienced vaginal erosion. Both urogenital symptom scores (all P<0.05) and quality of life scores (all P<0.05) improved significantly.ConclusionAdequate re‐suspension of only the apex was sufficient to correct other vaginal compartments, even for women with preoperative multi‐compartment prolapse higher than POP‐Q stage 2. The “simplified” laparoscopic sacropexy was an efficacious intraoperative time‐saving technique; it could reduce adverse events caused by deep vaginal dissection up to puborectal muscles and the bladder trigone.
Girls and boys: Economic crisis, fertility, and birth outcomes
Authors: Lee Soohyung , Orsini Chiara 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe investigate the impact of an economic downturn on natality and birth weight for newborns when parents prefer sons. We examine South Korea, unexpectedly hit by the Asian financial crisis in 1997. For identification, we exploit regional and time variation in the crisis, focusing on women who were already pregnant when the downturn began. We find that the number of girls would have been 2% higher absent the crisis and that birth outcomes for girls were no better than those for boys—findings that differ from the Trivers–Willard Hypothesis. This relative disadvantage of girls is more severe among newborns who have at least two older siblings.
NFκB sensing IL‐4 secreting mesenchymal stem cells mitigate the proinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to polyethylene wear particles
Authors: Lin Tzuhua , Kohno Yusuke , Huang Jhih‐Fong , Romero‐Lopez Monica , Pajarinen Jukka , Maruyama Masahiro , Nathan Karthik , Yao Zhenyu , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTotal joint replacement is a highly effective treatment for patients with end‐stage arthritis. Proinflammatory macrophages (M1) mediate wear particle‐associated inflammation and bone loss. Anti‐inflammatory macrophages (M2) help resolve tissue damage and favor bone regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapy mitigates the M1 dominated inflammatory reaction and favorably modulates the bone remodeling process. In the current study, the immunomodulating ability of (1) unmodified MSCs, (2) MSCs preconditioned by NFκB stimulating ligands [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus TNFα], and (3) genetically modified MSCs that secrete IL‐4 as a response to NFκB activation (NFκB‐IL4) was compared in a macrophage/MSC co‐culture system. Sterile or LPS‐contaminated ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene particles were used to induce the proinflammatory responses in the macrophages. Contaminated particles induced M1 marker expression (TNFα, IL1β, and iNOS), while NFκB‐IL4 MSCs modulated the macrophages from an M1 phenotype into a more favorable M2 phenotype (Arginase 1/Arg 1 and CD206 high). The IL4 secretion by NFκB‐IL4 MSCs was significantly induced by the contaminated particles. The induction of Arg 1 and CD206 in macrophages via the preconditioned or naïve MSCs was negligible when compared with NFκB‐IL4 MSC. Our findings indicated that NFκB‐IL4 MSCs have the “on‐demand” immunomodulatory ability to mitigate wear particle‐associated inflammation with minimal adverse effects. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2744–2752, 2018.
Oxidative stress‐induced dysregulation of excitation–contraction coupling contributes to muscle weakness
Authors: Qaisar Rizwan , Bhaskaran Shylesh , Premkumar Pavithra , Ranjit Rojina , Natarajan Kavithalakshmi Satara , Ahn Bumsoo , Riddle Kaitlyn , Claflin Dennis R. , Richardson Arlan , Brooks Susan V. , Van Remmen Holly 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously shown that the deletion of the superoxide scavenger, CuZn superoxide dismutase, in mice (Sod1−/−mice) results in increased oxidative stress and an accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and force that mirror the changes seen in old control mice. The goal of this study is to define the effect of oxidative stress and ageing on muscle weakness and the Excitation Contraction (EC) coupling machinery in age‐matched adult (8–10 months) wild‐type (WT) andSod1−/−mice in comparison with old (25–28 months) WT mice.MethodsIn vitrocontractile assays were used to measure muscle contractile parameters. The activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA) pump was measured using an NADH‐linked enzyme assay. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence techniques were used to measure protein expression, and real‐time reverse transcription PCR was used to measure gene expression.ResultsThe specific force generated by the extensor digitorum longus muscle was reduced in theSod1−/−and old WT mice compared with young WT mice along with significant prolongation of time to peak force, increased half relaxation time, and disruption of intracellular calcium handling. The maximal activity of the SERCA calcium uptake pump was significantly reduced in gastrocnemius muscle from both old WT (≈14%) and adultSod1−/−(≈33%) mice compared with young WT mice along with increased expression of sarcolipin, a known inhibitor of SERCA activity. Protein levels of the voltage sensor and calcium uptake channel proteins dihydropyridine receptor α1 and SERCA2 were significantly elevated (≈45% and ≈57%, respectively), while the ratio of calstabin, a channel stabilizing protein, to ryanodine receptor was significantly reduced (≈21%) inSod1−/−mice compared with young WT mice. The changes in calcium handling were accompanied by substantially elevated levels of global protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the muscle weakness inSod1−/−and old WT mice is in part driven by reactive oxygen species‐mediated EC uncoupling and supports a role for reduced SERCA pump activity in compromised muscle function. The novel quantitative mechanistic data provided here can lead to potential therapeutic interventions of SERCA dysfunction for sarcopenia and muscle diseases.
Cover Image, Volume 93, Issue 9
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhang Huiping , Yan Ying 
Published: August 2018

The cover image, by Yi Yang et al., is based on the Research Article Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of m‐cresol over novel Fe2O3 loaded microfibrous entrapped CNT composite catalyst in a fixed‐bed reactor, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5609.
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Platinum(II) reduction to platinum nanoparticles in anaerobic sludge
Authors: Simon‐Pascual Alvaro , Sierra‐Alvarez Reyes , Field Jim A 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo help mitigate future problems in the supply of platinum group metals (PGM) due to their scarcity and high demand, new recovery processes must be developed. Microbial processes are a great alternative for the recovery of PGM from waste since they are clean and environmentally friendly techniques. This research studied the microbial reduction of Pt(II) using an anaerobic granular sludge under different physiological conditions.RESULTSThe anaerobic granular sludge was able to reduce Pt(II) to Pt(0) nanoparticles that were deposited intracellularly as well as extracellularly as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Hydrogen (H2) and formate supported the chemical reduction of Pt(II) while ethanol supported the biologically catalyzed reduction of Pt(II). Increasing initial concentrations of Pt(II), ethanol or biomass were each shown to increase the Pt(II) reduction rates.CONCLUSIONSThis study reported for the first time the reduction of Pt(II) using anaerobic granular sludge and provided insights that could help develop biorecovery techniques to alleviate future problems in the supply of PGMs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Low oxygen start‐up of partial nitrification‐anammox process: mechanical or gas agitation?
Authors: Jara‐Muñoz Pamela , Guzmán‐Fierro Víctor , Arriagada Constanza , Campos Víctor , Campos José L , Gallardo‐Rodríguez Juan José , Fernández Katherina , Roeckel Marlene 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPartial nitrification‐anammox (PN‐A) is a widely recognized technology to remove nitrogen from different types of wastewater. Low oxygen concentration is the most used strategy for PN‐A start‐up, but stability problems arise during the operation; thus, in the present study the effects of the type of agitation, oxygenation and shear stress on the sensitivity, energy consumption and performance were evaluated. Recognition of these parameters allows considered choice of the design of an industrial process for nitrogen abatement.RESULTSA mechanically agitated reactor (MAR) was compared to a stable, long‐term operation period bubble column reactor (BCR), both started under low dissolved oxygen concentration conditions. MAR microbial assays confirmed the destruction of the nitrifying layer and an imbalance of the entire process when the oxygen to nitrogen loading ratio (O2:N) decreased by 25%. The granule sedimentation rate and specific anammox activity were 17% and 87% higher (respectively) in BCR. Economic analysis determined that the cost of aeration for the MAR and for the BCR were 23.8% and 1% of the total PN‐A energy consumption, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe BCR showed better results than the MAR. This study highlights the importance of type of agitation, oxygenation and shear stress for industrial‐scale PN‐A designs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Validity of the Iwate criteria for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing minimally invasive liver resection
Authors: Krenzien Felix , Wabitsch Simon , Haber Philipp , Kamali Can , Brunnbauer Philipp , Benzing Christian , Atanasov Georgi , Wakabayashi Go , Öllinger Robert , Pratschke Johann , Schmelzle Moritz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecently proposed by the International Consensus Conference on Laparoscopic Liver Resection, the Iwate criteria (IC) can be used by surgeons to predict the operative difficulty of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and were validated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common indication for LLR.MethodsThe IC comprise six preoperative factors that allow the grading of operative difficulty as low, intermediate, advanced, or expert. IC scores were validated in patients with HCC who underwent LLR (n = 77).ResultsThe median operative time was 212 min (range 57–461 min). The difficulty of the resections was categorized as low in 9% (n = 7), intermediate in 38% (n = 29), advanced in 36% (n = 28), and expert in 15% (n = 12) of the patients. IC score was significantly linked to operative time, length of stay and liver function (P < 0.05). The rates of postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo >II) for low, intermediate, advanced and expert were 0% (n = 0), 10% (n = 3), 3.5% (n = 1) and 50% (n = 6), respectively (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe IC can be used to preoperatively assess difficulty of LLR and to predict postoperative complications in HCC patients. Thus, the IC score may be useful to differentiate easy procedures from difficult procedures and is ideal to build an LLR curriculum for upcoming surgeons.
Using medicolegal data to support safe medical care: A contributing factor coding framework
Authors: McCleery Adele , Devenny Kirsten , Ogilby Catherine , Dunn Cynthia , Steen Anne , Whyte Eileen , Darling Renee , VanderHoek Robin , MacIntyre Anna , Carpenter Stephanie , Wallace Gordon , Calder Lisa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTraditional medicolegal data analysis focuses on physician care, without a full acknowledgment of the effects of team, organizational, and system factors. We developed a patient safety–informed contributing factor framework to strengthen the coding and analysis of medicolegal data.Materials and MethodsWe incorporated patient safety theory and human factors science into our medicolegal case coding practices to improve our understanding of the many factors that contribute to medicolegal events.Results and DiscussionA new framework was developed that has at its core, patients and their experience, and looks beyond the provider factors that are often the focus of medicolegal analysis to give greater consideration to the influence of team, organizational, and system factors. We anticipate that this substantial shift will strengthen our knowledge translation efforts to help improve the safety of medical care.ConclusionWe believe that reframing medicolegal case coding systems to better identify the influence of team, organizational, and system factors will increase the utility of this analysis in patient safety research, and health care quality improvement.
Reliable semiquantitative whole‐joint MRI score for the shoulder joint: The shoulder osteoarthritis severity (SOAS) score
Authors: Jungmann Pia M. , Gersing Alexandra S. , Woertler Klaus , Dietrich Tobias J. , Baum Thomas , Baumann Frederic , Bensler Susanne 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundShoulder osteoarthritis causes severe pain and functional disability. Preventive surgical procedures aiming to halt the progression of degenerative changes are increasingly applied. However, no MRI‐based score exists that may be applied for scoring of osteoarthritic changes and their progression.PurposeTo establish a semiquantitative MRI‐based shoulder osteoarthritis severity (SOAS) evaluation system and to test its reliability.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of N = 60 patients (73.2 ± 7.3 years; 30/60 female) was included; n = 15 subjects for each of the four radiographic grades of osteoarthritis (Samilson score 0 to 3).AssessmentBased on the MRIs of the shoulder, the SOAS scoring system was created. All MRIs were assessed by six readers. The severity of degeneration was evaluated for: rotator cuff, labral‐bicipital‐complex, cartilage, osseous findings, joint capsule, and acromion. The total SOAS score ranged between 0 (absence of osteoarthritis) and 100 (most severe osteoarthritis). SOAS scores were correlated with radiographic Samilson, Hamada and Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) gradings.StatisticsPearson correlations, t‐tests, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsIntra‐ (ICC = 0.99) and interreader agreement (ICC 0.96–0.98) for the total SOAS score was excellent. The range of SOAS scores was from 1 to 88. SOAS correlated significantly with radiographic Samilson and KL scores (R = 0.82, P < 0.001), but not with Hamada scores (R = –0.07, P = 0.60). The highest correlations with Samilson scores were found for cartilage (R = 0.82, P < 0.001) and osseous findings (R = 0.86, P < 0.001). SOAS scores were significantly different between different Samilson grades (Samilson 0, 13.4 ± 7.6; Samilson 1, 26.0 ± 9.1; Samilson 2, 38.2 ± 19.2; Samilson 3, 65.5 ± 13.0; P < 0.05). The ability of the SOAS score to predict incident radiographic shoulder OA (KL grade ≥2) was excellent (AUC = 0.91; P < 0.001).Data ConclusionThe newly developed semiquantitative MRI‐based SOAS score represents the severity of global shoulder OA and structure‐specific shoulder degeneration with excellent reliability in a standardized manner and may therefore be helpful in MRI research studies of the shoulder.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
The impact of a radiologist‐led workshop on MRI target volume delineation for radiotherapy
Authors: Kumar Shivani , Holloway Lois , Roach Dale , Pogson Elise , Veera Jacqueline , Batumalai Vikneswary , Lim Karen , Delaney Geoff P. , Lazarus Elizabeth , Borok Nira , Moses Daniel , Jameson Michael G. , Vinod Shalini 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used for target volume delineation in radiotherapy due to its superior soft tissue visualisation compared to computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a radiologist‐led workshop on inter‐observer variability in volume delineation on MRI.MethodsData from three separate studies evaluating the impact of MRI in lung, breast and cervix were collated. At pre‐workshop evaluation, observers involved in each clinical site were instructed to delineate specified volumes. Radiologists specialising in each cancer site conducted an interactive workshop on interpretation of images and anatomy for each clinical site. At post‐workshop evaluation, observers repeated delineation a minimum of 2 weeks after the workshops. Inter‐observer variability was evaluated using dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and volume similarity (VOLSIM) index comparing reference and observer volumes.ResultsPost‐workshop primary gross tumour volumes (GTV) were smaller than pre‐workshop volumes for lung with a mean percentage reduction of 10.4%. Breast clinical target volumes (CTV) were similar but seroma volumes were smaller post‐workshop on both supine (65% reduction) and prone MRI (73% reduction). Based on DSC scores, improvement in inter‐observer variability was seen for the seroma cavity volume on prone MRI with a reduction in DSC score range from 0.4–0.8 to 0.7–0.9. Breast CTV demonstrated good inter‐observer variability scores (mean DSC 0.9) for both pre‐ and post‐workshop. Post‐workshop observer delineated cervix GTV was smaller than pre‐workshop by 26.9%.ConclusionA radiologist‐led workshop did not significantly reduce inter‐observer variability in volume delineation for the three clinical sites. However, some improvement was noted in delineation of breast CTV, seroma volumes and cervix GTV.
Propensity‐Score Matched Comparative Study on Effects of Intravenous Human Serum Albumin Administration in Critically Ill Adult Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Mateu‐de Antonio Javier , Echeverria‐Esnal Daniel , Barceló‐Vidal Jaime , Fernández‐Sala Xènia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of intravenous human serum albumin administration (IV HSA) on nutrition markers, including non–serum‐albumin plasma protein levels, in adult critically ill patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data. Patients included in an initial cohort were patients who initiated IV HSA within 24 hours of start of PN. A second cohort who did not received IV HSA during PN was manually selected, matching several variables. Subsequently, both cohorts were propensity‐score matched, resulting in 2 final cohorts: the cohort receiving IV HSA (ALB) and the cohort not receiving IV HSA (NOALB).ResultsA total of 42 patients, 21 in each cohort, entered the study. Both cohorts were similar in demographics, anthropometrics, comorbidities, diagnoses, PN composition, and severity of the disease, biochemistry, and nutrition markers. Patients in the ALB cohort received IV HSA at a dose of 30.0 g/day during 5 days. The ALB cohort presented higher values of final serum albumin level and serum albumin level change from baseline, but also presented lower values of final non–serum‐albumin plasma protein levels and their change and lower final prealbumin. In addition, bilirubin in the ALB cohort increased, whereas it decreased in the NOALB cohort.ConclusionPatients receiving IV HSA and PN for several days increased serum albumin level, but decreased non–serum‐albumin plasma protein levels. In addition, bilirubin clearance could be slightly impaired in these patients.