bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF PARAMETRIC DESIGN IN PROJECT CONTAINING STEEL STRUCTURES: PARAMETRIC LIGHT‐RAIL STEEL BRIDGE
Authors: Nordestgaard Peter Madsen , Jensen Jesper , Mortensen Peter , Wyrtz Mikkel , Mikulenas Mantas , Trifan Alexandru Eugen 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTTraditionally, engineers await for a locked geometry from architects before modeling work starts. This is to avoid many changes and thereby risk of wasting time and money in the traditional manual way of working. With parametric design, we set up the design to cope with many changes and it is therefore adaptable for projects with many changes.With the parametric approach, we deliver a 3D model and FEM calculations model in the early project phases without any time wasted for the coming changes in the project geometry.These early models are to great benefit for all participants in the project as decisions regarding design, buildability and economics can be made on a more well founded basis.A model generated parametrically means in basic terms that the model is set up as a program script, with various input parameters. The model is generated by running this script. Thereby any changes in input parameters will only result in a dynamic real time change of the model.The time used to generate a parametric script for a given project, can be saved multiple times later in the project. Time is particularly saved if the project contains several similar structures, which can be generated by the same of parts of the same parametric script.In MOE, we have experience from various projects containing parametric design scripting. In this article, we will focus on one example, a steel light‐rail bridge.
Preliminary study on the impact of initial imperfections on the post‐buckling rotation of square hollow sections in uniform bending
Authors: Müller Andreas , Taras Andreas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWith increasing use of high‐strength steel grades, the need for more accurate design specifications arises, with the aim of fully exploiting the material benefits and create economic advantages. According to Eurocode 3, the maximum rotational capacity is limited and linked to the definition of cross‐sectional classes. For class 1, the rotation θ is assumed to be “infinite”, while it drops significantly for class 2 and 3 to a maximum rotation of θpl and θel, respectively. In reality, in spite of their lower hardening capacity and ultimate strains, high‐strength steel sections display a non‐negligible rotational capacity that exceeds these code predictions, which were developed for mild steel and with a level of analysis in mind that is suitable for hand calculations. For an increased use of high‐strength steel sections, it is thus very important to understand and to be able to predict a more realistic deformation and rotation capacity, with the aim of implementing the findings in tools for advanced, FEM‐based Design by Analysis (DbA) approaches. As an initial step in this direction, the proposed paper shows the results from numerical calculations on the rotational capacity of HSS rectangular hollow sections. The numerical results are calibrated against laboratory tests. Consequently, different rectangular cross section dimensions but also variations of the steel grade and the thickness are chosen and calculated in the finite element program ABAQUS.
Reductant‐Induced Free Radical Fluoroalkylation of Nitrogen Heterocycles and Innate Aromatic Amino Acid Residues in Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Rahimidashaghoul Kheironnesae , Klimánková Iveta , Hubálek Martin , Korecký Michal , Chvojka Matúš , Pokorný Daniel , Matoušek Václav , Fojtík Lukáš , Kavan Daniel , Kukačka Zdeněk , Novák Petr , Beier Petr 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of fluoroalkylated cyclic λ3‐iodanes and their hydrochloride salts was prepared and used in a combination with sodium ascorbate in buffer or aqueous methanol mixtures for radical fluoroalkylation of a range of substituted indoles, pyrroles, tryptophan or its derivatives, and Trp residues in peptides. As demonstrated on several peptides, the aromatic amino acid residues of Trp, Tyr, Phe, and His are targeted with high selectivity to Trp. The functionalization method is biocompatible, mild, rapid, and transition‐metal‐free. The proteins myoglobin, ubiquitin, and human carbonic anhydrase I were also successfully functionalized.
The Interplay between Solvation and Stacking of Aromatic Rings Governs Bright and Dark Sites of Benzo[g]coumarins
Authors: Kielesiński Łukasz , Gryko Daniel T. , Sobolewski Andrzej L. , Morawski Olaf 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCoumarins are classic, strongly polarized fluorophores with multiple applications, and significant efforts have been put into modifying their emission characteristics and elucidating their photophysics. Expecting that π‐expansion of these donor–acceptor chromophores could modify their ground‐ and excited‐state characteristics, the authors performed combined, detailed photophysical and computational studies of linearly π‐expanded coumarins, that is, 8‐dialkylamino‐3‐carboxyalkyl‐benzo[g]coumarins. The investigation led to the conclusion that emission is only possible thanks to the stabilizing effect of the solvent and that breaking of the lactone ring leads to the conical intersection with the ground state and induces the radiationless decay of the electronic excitation. Aiming at the fine‐tuning the excited state properties through the construction of covalently linked dye assemblies, the authors designed and synthesized a new bis(benzo[g]coumarin), built from two similar moieties that exhibit different degrees of polarization due to the electron donor at position 8: one possesses a dialkylamino, and the other a weaker amide donor. Comprehensive studies have shown that the observed weak fluorescence of the system is the result of the interplay between the solvation‐induced separation of the benzo[g]coumarin moieties, which stabilizes the emitting locally excited singlet state and the π‐stacking interactions, favoring their sandwiched orientation and leading to the non‐emissive charge‐transfer state.
Two π‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks with Long‐Term Cyclability at High Current Density for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Chen Heng , Zhang Yadi , Xu Chengyang , Cao Mufan , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganic lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are considered as one of the next‐generation green electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices. However, obtaining both high capacity and long‐term cyclability is still the bottleneck of organic electrode materials for LIBs because of weak structural and chemical stability and low conductivity. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show potential to overcome these problems owing to its good stability and high capacity. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of two π‐conjugated COFs, derived from the Schiff‐base reaction of 2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidne (TM) respectively with 1,4‐phthalaldehyde (PA) and 1,3,5‐triformylbenzene (TB) by a mechanochemical process are presented. As anode materials for LIBs, the COFs exhibit favorable electrochemical performance with the highest reversible discharge capacities of up to 401.3 and 379.1 mAh g−1 at a high current density (1 A g−1), respectively, and excellent long‐term cyclability with 74.8 and 72.7 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles compared to the initial discharge capacities.
Hierarchical Mn3O4 Anchored on 3D Graphene Aerogels via C−O−Mn Linkage with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Fan Lishuang , Zhang Yu , Guo Zhikun , Sun Bing , Tian Da , Feng Yujie , Zhang Naiqing , Sun Kening 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFlexible asymmetric supercapacitors are more appealing in flexible electronics because of high power density, wide cell voltage, and higher energy density than symmetric supercapacitors in aqueous electrolyte. In virtues of excellent conductivity, rich porous structure and interconnected honeycomb structure, three dimensional graphene aerogels show great potential as electrode in asymmetric supercapacitors. However, graphene aerogels are rarely used in flexible asymmetric supercapacitors because of easily re‐stacking of graphene sheets, resulting in low electrochemical activity. Herein, flower‐like hierarchical Mn3O4 and carbon nanohorns are incorporated into three dimensional graphene aerogels to restrain the stack of graphene sheets, and are applied as the positive and negative electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors devices, respectively. Besides, a strong chemical coupling between Mn3O4 and graphene via the C‐O‐Mn linkage is constructed and can provide a good electron‐transport pathway during cycles. Consequently, the asymmetric supercapacitor device shows high rate cycle stability (87.8 % after 5000 cycles) and achieves a high energy density of 17.4 μWh cm−2 with power density of 14.1 mW cm−2 (156.7 mW cm−3) at 1.4 V.
GDMT for heart failure and the clinician's conundrum
Authors: Samarendra Padmaraj 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTherapeutic advances in management of CHF have decreased mortality and have impacted progression in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. Aggressive campaigns by cardiology societies aimed at increasing implementation of these measures in routine practices have almost generalized the treatment of heart failure irrespective of individual variations of clinical status of patients and stages of heart failure. This explains why morbidity compression and quality of life improvement have not been realized fully particularly in patients with advanced disease. To examine whether GDMT for CHF is backed by unambiguous evidence of clinical efficacy for its global implementation in every patient at all stages of the syndrome. ACC/AHA, ESC Guidelines for CHF, and their updates were reviewed. Clinical trial cited in the guideline documents and other pertaining published literatures were analyzed.FindingsMany of the recommended GDMT for CHF lack unequivocal evidence of clinical efficacy in patients with diverge etiology of heart failure and concomitant comorbid conditions Some of the recommendations which are useful in early stages, lack evidence of efficacy in more advanced stages of heart failure. Application of results of research trials in patients beyond their inclusion and exclusion criteria, appears mere extrapolation, Clinicians are faced with the conundrum of implementing the recommendations without indubitable evidence of their efficacy in every patient of their practice.ConclusionA reappraisal of Guidelines is needed to address outstanding questions pertaining to the efficacy of recommendations and plug the knowledge gaps without assumption and extrapolation of results of RCTs beyond their inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Characteristics of Vegetation Carbon, Nitrogen, and C/N Ratio in a Tamarix chinensis Coastal Wetland of China
Authors: Xie Linping , Wang Baodong , Xin Ming , Wang Min , He Xiuping , Wei Qinsheng , Shi Xiaoyong , Sun Xia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVariations in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of the vegetation in a Tamarix chinensis coastal wetland located in Laizhou Bay, China, are analyzed. It is found that T. chinensis accumulates more C and N than the surrounding herbs, and it allocates more C and N in the aboveground parts but less in the roots. Branches store more C, whereas leaves and flowers accumulate more N than other tissues. The C and N contents in the aboveground parts of T. chinensis are mainly influenced by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content, and clay content in the top 100 cm of soil as well as the distance from the sea. For the herbs, their C contents vary little in the supratidal zone, but they are higher than those in the intertidal zone. However, N contents in the herbs are higher in the aboveground parts and varied among different communities. The contents of C and N in the herbs are affected by EC, water content as well as the contents of organic C and total nitrogen (TN) in the top 10 cm of soil. The findings confirm that increasing the biomass of T. chinensis is an effective way to increase C sequestration in temperate coastal wetland.
High detectability with low impact: Optimizing large PIT tracking systems for cave‐dwelling bats
Authors: van Harten Emmi , Reardon Terry , Lumsden Lindy F. , Meyers Noel , Prowse Thomas A. A. , Weyland John , Lawrence Ruth 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPassive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology permits the “resighting” of animals tagged for ecological research without the need for physical re‐trapping. Whilst this is effective if animals pass within centimeters of tag readers, short‐distance detection capabilities have prevented the use of this technology with many species. To address this problem, we optimized a large (15 m long) flexible antenna system to provide a c. 8 m2 vertical detection plane for detecting animals in flight. We installed antennas at two roosting caves, including the primary maternity cave, of the critically endangered southern bent‐winged bat (Miniopterus orianae bassanii) in south‐eastern Australia. Testing of these systems indicated PIT‐tags could be detected up to 105 cm either side of the antenna plane. Over the course of a three‐year study, we subcutaneously PIT‐tagged 2,966 bats and logged over 1.4 million unique detections, with 97% of tagged bats detected at least once. The probability of encountering a tagged bat decreased with increasing environmental “noise” (unwanted signal) perceived by the system. During the study, we mitigated initial high noise levels by earthing both systems, which contributed to an increase in daily detection probability (based on the proportion of individuals known to be alive that were detected each day) from <0.2 (noise level ≥30%) to 0.7–0.8 (noise level 5%–15%). Conditional on a low (5%) noise level, model‐based estimates of daily encounter probability were highest (>0.8) during peak breeding season when both female and male southern bent‐winged bats congregate at the maternity cave. In this paper, we detail the methods employed and make methodological recommendations for future wildlife research using large antennas, including earthing systems as standard protocol and quantifying noise metrics as a covariate influencing the probability of detection in subsequent analyses. Our results demonstrate that large PIT antennas can be used successfully to detect small volant species, extending the scope of PIT technology and enabling a much broader range of wildlife species to be studied using this approach.
Moss and lichen asexual propagule dispersal may help to maintain the extant community in boreal forests
Authors: Pasiche‐Lisboa Carlos J. , Booth Tom , Belland René J. , Piercey‐Normore Michele D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAsexual propagules produced by mosses and lichens may help to maintain their community composition in boreal forests. Understanding the factors affecting the deposition of asexual propagules and their link with the community composition may reveal how the community is maintained. The goal of this study was to understand how weather, the community of lichens and mosses, the dominant tree species in a stand, substrata, and tree aspect influenced and were linked to the deposition of asexual propagules (quantity, size, and type) in boreal forests. Species richness and cover were assessed for the substrata within the tree stands. Traps attached to trees and the ground (substrata) in balsam fir‐, white spruce‐, and poplar‐dominated stands were used to capture asexual propagules. Species and quantity of trapped asexual propagules were linked to the species richness and cover of the extant community. Propagules captured were dominated by lichen thallus fragments and were smaller and in higher quantities during colder times of the year, and in higher quantities and smaller sizes mostly on trees of conifer stands. Moss propagules were captured in low quantities compared to lichen propagules, on the forest floor, but mostly during warmer times of the year. The dispersal of mosses and lichen asexual propagules helps to maintain and is linked to their community in boreal forests. The linkage between asexual propagule deposition and the community (richness and abundance) was observed among lichen and moss communities on poplar trees, conifer trees, or the forest floor of boreal forest stands.
Evaluation of the effects of sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR‐Preserved Trial
Authors: Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Jamal Waheed , Salsali Afshin , Schnee Janet , Kimura Karen , Zeller Cordula , George Jyothis , Brueckmann Martina , Zannad Faiez , Packer Milton ,   on behalf of the EMPEROR‐Preserved Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe principal biological processes that characterize heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are systemic inflammation, epicardial adipose tissue accumulation, coronary microcirculatory rarefaction, myocardial fibrosis and vascular stiffness; the resulting impairment of left ventricular and aortic distensibility (especially when accompanied by impaired glomerular function and sodium retention) causes increases in cardiac filling pressures and exertional dyspnoea despite the relative preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction. Independently of their actions on blood glucose, sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert a broad range of biological effects (including actions to inhibit cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, antagonize sodium retention and improve glomerular function) that can ameliorate the pathophysiological derangements in HFpEF. Such SGLT2 inhibitors exert favourable effects in experimental models of HFpEF and have been found in large‐scale trials to reduce the risk for serious heart failure events in patients with type 2 diabetes, many of whom were retrospectively identified as having HFpEF.Study designThe EMPEROR‐Preserved Trial is enrolling ≈5750 patients with HFpEF (ejection fraction >40%), with and without type 2 diabetes, who are randomized to receive placebo or empagliflozin 10 mg/day, which is added to all appropriate treatments for HFpEF and co‐morbidities.Study aimsThe primary endpoint is the time‐to‐first‐event analysis of the combined risk for cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. The trial will also evaluate the effects of empagliflozin on renal function, cardiovascular death,all‐cause mortality and recurrent hospitalization events, and will assess a wide range of biomarkers that reflect important pathophysiological mechanisms that may drive the evolution of HFpEF. The EMPEROR‐Preserved Trial is well positioned to determine if empagliflozin can have a meaningful impact on the course of HFpEF, a disorder for which there are currently few therapeutic options.
Evolutionary creativity in landscapes
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn biological evolution, creativity occurs in the appearance of new entities by evolutionary dynamics. This is linked to mutations and genetic drift, which cannot occur in geophysical phenomena. Biota can exhibit evolutionary creativity that influences landforms, but how does creativity (defined here as the capacity for emergence of new entities that increase the adjustedness of the landscape to environmental conditions) occur in landforms and landscapes as entities independent of biota? Creativity in geomorphic evolution does not require any sort of goal functions or purposeful innovation – just that geomorphic development is capable of producing novelties that may be better adapted (more efficient or durable) than predecessors. Independently of biota, evidence exists that landforms may develop to become more or less ‘fit' in terms of efficiency and/or durability. Thus, emergence of novel features may lead to their persistence. Emergence of novel forms is illustrated for the case of karst sinkholes (dolines), which indicates increasing geomorphic diversity over Ma and Ga timescales. A case study of fluviokarst chronosequences in Kentucky demonstrates emergence and elimination of landforms as landscapes evolve. Some of these may represent generally (as opposed to locally) novel landforms. While this article is more suggestive than demonstrative, results strongly suggest evolutionary creativity in geomorphology both tied to, and independent of, biological evolution. This occurs due to emergence of geomorphic entities that are subject to selection that tends to increase efficiency and durability. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Have We Learned?
Authors: Kinarsky Alana R. , Alkin Marvin C. , Christie Christina A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, the editors of the issue summarize the responses of four theorists—Patton, Scriven, House, and Boruch—to the Women Affirming Motherhood request for evaluation proposals. They highlight the similarities and differences and identify four major themes across responses: stakeholder engagement, use, collective impact, and methods.
Evaluation With a Focus on Justice
Authors: House Ernest R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter focuses on evaluations conducted through a social justice lens. Ernest House, who is located on the valuing branch of the Evaluation Theory Tree, focuses on justice as equality. He examines the Women Affirming Motherhood program description and considers what approaches might lead to an egalitarian evaluation that helps the program in its efforts to expand. In particular, House proposes a collaborative evaluation team, an investigation of causal factors including racial framing, and presentation of findings through compelling scenarios and stories.
Antimicrobial and aroma finishing of organic cotton knits using natural colourants and Palmarosa oil microcapsules
Authors: Kudligi Sannapapamma J , Malligawad Lokanath H , Naikwadi Sakeena , Jamadar Dilshad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganic cotton SAHANA variety spun into 30s single yarn dyed with four natural colorants (Arecanut slurry, Eucalyptus leaves, Pomegranate rind and Indigo) and further used for development of single jersy knits. Palmarosa oil was used for the preparation of microcapsules through interfacial polymerization technique and finished on organic knitted fabric by exhaust and pad dry cure methods. The finished organic knit was assessed for effect of laundering on antimicrobial efficiency and aroma intensity. The TGA of Palmarosa microcapsules was found to be better with minimum weight loss at higher temperature than the pure oil, and the morphology of microcapsules was fairly irregular due to preparation conditions. Among the natural colourants, cotton yarn dyed with indigo dye possessed greater colour strength and lesser reflectance than the other dyed samples. The fastness properties of cotton yarn dyed with arecanut slurry exhibited good to excellent colour fastness to washing and sunlight. Irrespective of methods of application, organic cotton knits finished with microcapsules by pad dry cure method showed maximum zone of inhibition compared to knits finished by exhaust method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of the finished samples was subjected to multiple washing which indicated that knits finished with pad dry cure method showed a zone of inhibition even after 20th wash and better aroma retention compared to knits finished with exhaust method of application. Thus, the Palmarosa microencapsulated organic cotton knits are free from hazardous chemicals and have multi functional properties which can be suitable for medical and healthcare textiles.