bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing in the diagnosis of bacteria from blood, bone and synovial fluid samples of children with musculoskeletal infections
Authors: Hashavya S. , Gross I. , Michael-Gayego A. , Simanovsky N. , Lamdan R. 
Published: March 2018

Background Musculoskeletal infections are among the most common bacterial infections in children leading to hospitalization, invasive procedures and prolonged antibiotic administration. Blood, synovial and sometimes tissue cultures are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal infections; 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing is a novel diagnostic tool for the detection of bacteria. While the yield of 16S rDNA sequencing in synovial fluid was previously assessed, data regarding the efficacy of this method from blood samples or partially treated children with suspected musculoskeletal infections is lacking. In this study we assessed the yield of 16S rDNA sequencing in blood, bone and synovial samples of children with musculoskeletal infections. Methods Blood, synovial and bone samples were collected from children with suspected musculoskeletal infections and analyzed for the presence of 16S rDNA, the results were then compared with the benchmark microbial cultures. Results During the study period, 41 children (18 boys and 23 girls) with suspected acute musculoskeletal infection were enrolled. A positive blood culture was found in 6/31 cases (19.4%) with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly isolated bacterium. No significant 16S rDNA detection in blood samples was recorded. Synovial fluid culture was positive in 6/28 samples (21%), Kingella kingae being the most common pathogen. When using the 16S rDNA sequencing method, the rate of positive results in synovial fluid was higher with bacterial detection in 12/23 (52%) samples. The 16S rDNA sequencing method was also able to identify pathogens in samples taken from partially treated children where cultures were negative with 16S rDNA detection in 5/5 samples. Conclusion Although 16S rDNA sequencing may increase the yield of bacterial detection in synovial samples of patients with musculoskeletal infections, there is no benefit from applying this method on blood samples. The 16S rDNA sequencing method may be particularly beneficial when antibiotic treatment was started prior to synovial fluid sampling. Level of Evidence Level-II diagnostic study
Whetting the appetite: What are the challenges for journalists covering Syria’s conflict and the migration crisis using UGC?
Authors: Johnston Lisette 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article examines the challenges for BBC journalists covering the migration ‘crisis’, particularly the events in Syria that contribute to that movement. Findings from interviews and newsroom observations highlight the emotional risks to journalists when working with user-generated content (UGC), the strategies used to process this material and editorial decision-making employed when determining how best to depict news events. Complex frameworks within BBC News may result in different practices and decisions being made across the newsroom. Editors consider the impact on, and needs of, audiences as routine. But they must also consider the well-being of the staff who may encounter UGC that will never leave the newsroom due to its explicit nature. These journalists risk experiencing trauma and upset, which may also be triggered by the crisis itself over a sustained period. This article raises questions about the best ways for UGC to cover the migration crisis while considering journalists’ experiences and well-being.
An image of refugees through the social media lens: A narrative framing analysis of the Humans of New York series ‘Syrian Americans’
Authors: Perreault Gregory , Paul Newly 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this article we analyse the visual portrayal of Syrian refugees in the Facebook group ‘Humans of New York’ – a citizen journalism site run by a New York-based photographer. Specifically, we use narrative theory and its related method, narrative framing analysis, to examine the visual rhetoric of the European refugee crisis that emerges on this site, and the images that were most popular with the site’s viewers. Our findings indicate that while mainstream media images marginalize and dehumanize refugees by portraying them as pollutants and terrorists, alternate sites such as HONY do not function under traditional journalistic norms and routines, and provide alternate portrayals. The three narrative frames that emerge are as follows: refugees are skilled, normalized and are ideologically American. The overall narrative is a social master analogue that indicates that refugees are capable of assimilating into American life.
Celebrity endorsement of political aspirants and its effects on college students in Lagos
Authors: Agina Añulika , Ekwevugbe Akpevwe 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article examines two main research questions: what factors justify celebrity endorsement as an election campaign strategy given the increasing doubts associated with celebrity involvement in politics? Did celebrity endorsement of political aspirants influence young adults’ voting behaviour during the 2015 elections in Lagos? Using mixed method approaches, and supported by source credibility and celebrity endorsement debates, a survey was conducted with a sample of 375 students of the Yaba College of Technology. Three semi-structured interviews with members of successful campaign teams were also conducted. Our findings revealed that campaign managers have a huge confidence in the celebrity endorsement strategy for several reasons and would employ the approach in future. Further, the young people interrogated revealed that while two-thirds of them are fans of Nollywood stars and music icons, they were not influenced to vote on the basis of the celebrities’ say-so. These findings are somewhat consistent with extant literature, but suggest the need for further studies regarding how celebrities translate fandom to votes.
Completeness and accuracy of anthropometric measurements in electronic medical records for children attending primary care
Authors: Carsley Sarah , Birken Catherine S. , Parkin Patricia C. , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Tu Karen 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundElectronic medical records (EMRs) from primary care may be a feasible source of height and weight data. However, the use of EMRs in research has been impeded by lack of standardisation of EMRs systems, data access and concerns about the quality of the data.ObjectivesThe study objectives were to determine the data completeness and accuracy of child heights and weights collected in primary care EMRs, and to identify factors associated with these data quality attributes.MethodsA cross-sectional study examining height and weight data for children <19 years from EMRs through the Electronic Medical Record Administrative data Linked Database (EMRALD), a network of family practices across the province of Ontario. Body mass index z-scores were calculated using the World Health Organization Growth Standards and Reference.ResultsA total of 54,964 children were identified from EMRALD. Overall, 93% had at least one complete set of growth measurements to calculate a body mass index (BMI) z-score. 66.2% of all primary care visits had complete BMI z-score data. After stratifying by visit type 89.9% of well-child visits and 33.9% of sick visits had complete BMI z-score data; incomplete BMI z-score was mainly due to missing height measurements. Only 2.7% of BMI z-score data were excluded due to implausible values.ConclusionsData completeness at well-child visits and overall data accuracy were greater than 90%. EMRs may be a valid source of data to provide estimates of obesity in children who attend primary care.
Âkifzâde Abdurrahim Efendi ve “Mir’âtü’n-Nâzırîn”Adlı Eseri Bağlamında Tasavvufî Görüşleri*
Authors: Çetin Nuran 
Published: March 2018

İlk çağlardan beri muhtelif medeniyetlere ev sahipliği yapan Amasya, Anadolu coğrafyası üzerinde yer alan köklü şehirlerden biridir. Amasya’nın tarihî dokusuna bakıldığında, mezkûr kentte çok sayıda ilim, fikir sanat ve devlet adamının yetiştiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu anlamda Osmanlı Devleti’nde XVIII. yüzyılın sonu ile XIX. yüzyılın başında yaşayan Âkifzâde Abdurrahim Efendi müderrislik, mütefekkirlik ve mutasavvıflık yönü ile Amasya’nın yetiştirdiği önemli şahsiyetlerden biridir. Bu makalede, eserleri ve icrâ ettiği görevleri ile iyi bir ilmî birikime sahip olan Âkifzâde Abdurrahim Efendi ve onun tasavvufa dair kaleme aldığı Mir’âtü’n-nâzırîn adlı eseri tanınmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak ele alınan makale, giriş ve iki bölümden oluşacaktır. Birinci bölümde Âkifzâde Abdurrahim Efendi’nin hayatı ve eserlerine, ikinci bölümde ise Mir’âtü’n-nâzırîn’deki tasavvufî görüşlerine yer verilecektir. Sonuç kısmında ise konuyla ilgili bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır.
Mu'tezile'nin Dua Anlayışı
Authors: Maraz Hüseyin 
Published: March 2018

Dua, Allah ile insan arasındaki iletişim araçlarından biridir. Zira bu iletişim Allah’tan insana doğru olursa vahiy, insandan Allah’a doğru olursa duadır. Allah, insandan dua etmesini istemekte, insan da bu isteğe fıtrî bir yönelişle karşılık vermektedir. Mu’tezile’ye göre dua, bir talep ve çağrıdır. İnsanın Allah’a olan çağrısı, hayır ve maslahat içerikli olmalıdır. Bu bakımdan onlar, hem insanî yönüyle hem de konusu açısından duanın bir takım şartları olduğunu ileri sürmüşlerdir. Şartları gerçekleşmiş bir duanın kabulü ise onlara göre vâciptir. Fakat duanın kabul olmasının önemli şartlarından biri, insanın hak etmesidir. Zira dua veya beddua ancak hak eden için bir anlam ve gerçeklik ifade etmektedir. Bununla birlikte Allah, kendisine kulluk ve tâzimle yöneltilen her iyi ve salah (değerli) talebe icabet edeceğini bildirmiştir. İcabet, aynı zamanda mükâfat demektir. Bu açıdan Mu’tezile, duayı teklifle ilişkilendirerek mükâfat ve ceza şeklinde istihkakın bir parçası kabul etmektedir. Bu boyutlarıyla makalemiz, Mu’tezile ekolü özelinde duanın anlam ve mahiyetine yönelik tasviri bir araştırmadır.
Yetişkinlerin Çocukluk Anılarındaki Tanrı İmgesinin Analizi
Authors: Bedir Fatma Nur 
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmada bireyin Tanrı imgesini etkileyebilecek olan faktörler incelenmiş ve bu imgelerin Türk toplumu açısından kültürel bir yorumu sunulmuştur. Örneklem yedi Türk yetişkinden oluşmaktadır. Açık uçlu anket uygulamasıyla katılımcılara yalnızca “Çocukluğunuzda Allah’ı düşündüğünüz zaman aklınıza ne gelirdi?” sorusu sorulmuştur. Anketlerden elde edilen data tematik analiz sistemine göre değerlendirilmiş ve altı tema elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; katılımcıların Tanrı imgelerinin çocukluk anılarının önemli bir kısmını kapsadığı görülmektedir. Hepsi Tanrı hakkında düşündüğü, hissettiği ya da hayal ettiği şeylerden bahsetmiştir. Bütün katılımcılar küçüklüklerinde Tanrı’yı somut bir simge olarak düşünme arayışına girmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla Tanrı imgelerinde antropomorfizm bulunmuştur. Bütün katılımcılar Tanrı’nın büyüklüğü ve gücünden bahsetmişlerdir. Bunların yanı sıra, erken eğitimciler olan aile ve öğretmenlerin, Tanrı imgesinin oluşumunda en etkili faktörlerden biri olduğu görülmüştür. Televizyon, Tanrı imgesini etkileyen bir diğer önemli faktördür.
Râvînin Adâletine İlişkin Hususiyetler Bağlamında Buhârî’nin Hadis Ricâline Yaklaşımı “el-Câmiu’s-Sahîh Özelinde”
Authors: AYDIN Osman 
Published: March 2018

Buhârî’nin genelde bütün dînî ilimlere özelde ise hadîs ilmine yaklaşımını anlamak için, eserlerini ve bunların değerlendirilmesi sonucu tespîti yapılan yöntemsel nüansları iyi tahlîl etmek gerekir. Bu zâviyeden bakıldığında çocukluk yıllarından itibaren dînî ilimlere iştiyâkı kaynaklarda ifade edilen Buhârî’nin hadîs alanında yetkinliğini elde ettikten sonra rivayet tahammülünde benimsediği kriterler, onun hadîsçiliğini de gösterecek ipuçları sunacaktır. Râvînin adaletiyle doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak ilişkili olan meselelerin bir hadîsin kabul ya da reddi hususunda en mühim verileri içermesi sebebiyle; Buhârî açısından adaletu’r-râvî mevzûunun daha da önemli olduğu söylenebilir.
Defining the role of libraries in the Open Science landscape: a reflection on current European practice
Authors: Ayris Paul , Ignat Tiberius 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This collaborative paper looks at how libraries can engage with and offer leadership in the Open Science movement. It is based on case studies and the results of an EU-funded research project on Research Data Management taken from European research-led universities and their libraries. It begins by analysing three recent trends in Science, and then links component parts of the research process to aspects of Open Science. The paper then looks in detail at four areas and identifies roles for libraries: Open Access and Open Access publishing, Research Data Management, E-Infrastructures (especially the European Open Science Cloud), and Citizen Science. The paper ends in suggesting a model for how libraries, by using a 4-step test, can assess their engagement with Open Science. This 4-step test is based on lessons drawn from the case studies.
Dual-Task Performance: Influence of Frailty, Level of Physical Activity, and Cognition
Authors: Giusti Rossi Paulo , Pires de Andrade Larissa , Hotta Ansai Juliana , Silva Farche Ana Claudia , Carnaz Leticia , Dalpubel Daniela , Ferriolli Eduardo , Assis Carvalho Vale Francisco , de Medeiros Takahashi Anielle Cristhine 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose:
Cognition and level of physical activity have been associated with frailty syndrome. The development of tools that assess deficits related to physical and cognitive frailties simultaneously are of common interest. However, little is known about how much these aspects influence the performance of dual-task tests. Our aims were (a) to verify the influence of frailty syndrome and objectively measured physical activity and cognition on the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Timed Up and Go associated with dual-task (TUG-DT) performances; and (b) to compare TUG and TUG-DT performances between older adults who develop frailty syndrome.

Methods:
Sixty-four community-dwelling older adults were divided into frail, prefrail, and nonfrail groups, according to frailty phenotype. Assessments included anamnesis, screening of frailty syndrome, cognitive assessment (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination), placement of a triaxial accelerometer to assess level of physical activity, and TUG and TUG-DT (TUG associated with a motor-cognitive task of calling a phone number) performances. After 7 days, the accelerometer was removed. A multiple linear regression was applied to identify which independent variables could explain performances in the TUG and TUG-DT. Subsequently, the analysis of covariance test, adjusted for age, cognition, and level of physical activity covariates, was used to compare test performances.

Results:
There were no differences in cognition between groups. Significant differences in the level of physical activity were found in the frail group. Compared with the frail group, the nonfrail group required less time and fewer steps to complete the TUG. Regarding the TUG-DT, cognition and age influenced the time spent and number of steps, respectively; however, no differences were found between groups.

Conclusions:
Frail older adults presented worse performance in the TUG when compared with nonfrail older adults. The dual-task test does not differentiate older adults with frailty syndrome, regardless of cognitive performance.
Knee Kinetics During Squats of Varying Loads and Depths in Recreationally Trained Women
Authors: Flores Victoria , Becker James , Burkhardt Eric , Cotter Joshua 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Flores, V, Becker, J, Burkhardt, E, and Cotter, J. Knee kinetics during squats of varying loads and depths in recreationally trained women. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1945–1952, 2020—The back squat exercise is typically practiced with varying squat depths and barbell loads. However, depth has been inconsistently defined, resulting in unclear safety precautions when squatting with loads. In addition, women exhibit anatomical and kinematic differences to men, which may predispose them to knee joint injuries. The purpose of this study was to characterize peak knee extensor moments (pKEMs) at 3 commonly practiced squat depths of above-parallel, parallel, and full depths, and with 3 loads of 0 (unloaded), 50, and 85% depth-specific 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in recreationally active women. Nineteen women (age, 25.1 ± 5.8 years; body mass, 62.5 ± 10.2 kg; height, 1.6 ± 0.10 m; mean ± SD) performed squats of randomized depth and load. Inverse dynamics were used to obtain pKEMs from 3-dimensional knee kinematics. Depth and load had significant interaction effects on pKEMs (p = 0.014). Significantly greater pKEMs were observed at full depth compared with parallel depth with 50% 1RM load (p = 0.001, d = 0.615) and 85% 1RM load (p = 0.010, d = 0.714). Greater pKEMs were also observed at full depth compared with above-parallel depth with 50% 1RM load (p = 0.003, d = 0.504). Results indicate that effect of load on female pKEMs do not follow a progressively increasing pattern with either increasing depth or load. Therefore, when high knee loading is a concern, individuals must carefully consider both the depth of squat being performed and the relative load they are using.
Effect of Resistance Training Frequency on Neuromuscular Performance and Muscle Morphology After 8 Weeks in Trained Men
Authors: Brigatto Felipe A. , Braz Tiago V. , Zanini Thamires Cristina da Costa , Germano Moisés D. , Aoki Marcelo S. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Marchetti Paulo H. , Lopes Charles R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Brigatto, FA, Braz, TV, Zanini, TCdC, Germano, MD, Aoki, MS, Schoenfeld, BJ, Marchetti, PH, and Lopes, CR. Effect of resistance training frequency on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology after 8 weeks in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2104–2116, 2019—The purpose of this study was to investigate the chronic effects of training muscle groups 1 day per week vs. 2 days per week on neuromuscular performance and morphological adaptations in trained men with the number of sets per muscle group equated between conditions. Participants were randomly assigned in 2 experimental groups: 1 session·wk−1 per muscle group (G1, n = 10), where every muscle group was trained once a week with 16 sets or 2 sessions·wk−1 per muscle group (G2, n = 10), where every muscle group was trained twice a week with 8 sets per session. All other variables were held constant over the 8-week study period. No significant difference between conditions for maximal strength in the back squat or bench press, muscle thickness in the elbow extensors, elbow flexors, or quadriceps femoris, and muscle endurance in the back squat and bench press performed at 60% 1 repetition maximum was detected. Effect size favored G2 for some outcome measurements, suggesting the potential of a slight benefit to the higher training frequency. In conclusion, both G1 and G2 significantly enhance neuromuscular adaptations, with a similar change noted between experimental conditions.
Influence of Ultra-Fine Active Silica Powder on the Properties of Concrete
Authors: Han Weiwei , Sun Tao , Li Xinping , Chen Youzhi , Xu Min , Sun Mian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Ultra-fine active silica powder (UASP) is beneficial to improve the properties of cement and concrete. In this study, the fluidity, compressive strength, and durability (freezing-thawing resistance, chloride ion penetration, and carbonation resistance) of concrete with 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % UASP addition were evaluated. The results demonstrated that compared with the control concrete, the slump flow and compressive strength of concrete containing 10 % UASP were increased by 46.7 % and 25.2 % at 3 days and 7 days, respectively. The durability of 10 % UASP concrete was superior to that of the control concrete, with a decrease of 70 % carbonation depth and 53.2 % electric flux.
Stress-Strain Response and Dilation of Geogrid-Reinforced Coarse-Grained Soils in Large-Scale Direct Shear Tests
Authors: Chen Xiaobin , Jia Yu , Zhang Jiasheng 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Although the dilatancy of uniform sands or gravelly soil has been studied extensively in geotechnical engineering, studies on dilatancy of geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soils are remarkably scarce in the literature. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effects of geogrid and gravel content on the dilative behaviors of geogrid-reinforced sand-gravel mixtures. For this purpose, a series of large-scale direct shear tests were conducted on unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced sand-gravel mixtures with varying gravel content. It was found that the inclusion of geogrids results in higher ductility and friction angles of the specimens tested. Dilation was enhanced by an increase in gravel content but suppressed by the inclusion of geogrids. A hyperbolic model is developed to fit the stress-dilation relationship for the geogrid-reinforced specimens tested. The findings of this study may lead to a better understanding of the dilative behaviors of geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soils.
Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of PVA-ECC under Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Ge WenJie , Cai Chen , Ji Xiang , Ashour Ashraf F. , Cao DaFu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In order to study the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites reinforced with various types of polyvinyl alcohol fibers and different fiber volume fractions subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, the rapid freeze-thaw method was used to test the mass loss ratios, relative longitudinal dynamic elastic modulus, compressive strength, and flexural strength. Two different fiber types (JP and CP) and two different fiber volume contents (1.0 and 2.0 %) were used in the test specimens. The results showed that specimens incurred more damage with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles; however, their performance was improved by fiber type and dosage. The mass loss rate of specimens with 2 % volume content of fiber was lower than that of specimens with 1 % volume content of fiber. Furthermore, the mass loss rate was also influenced by the type of fiber used. The relative longitudinal dynamic elastic modulus of specimens with 2 % fibers was higher than that of specimens with 1 % fibers, while the relative longitudinal dynamic elastic modulus of JP fibers was higher than that of CP fibers. In addition, the compressive and flexural strengths decreased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, but specimens with fiber exhibited better compressive and flexural strengths than specimens without fibers. Based on the SL 211-2006 code for the design of hydraulic structures against ice and freezing action, specimens with JP fibers were adequate for use in severely cold regions, while specimens with CP fiber can be used in cold regions, and specimens without fiber could only be used in warm regions.
Modeling the Effect of Hydrogen on Ductile Fracture
Authors: Huang Chuanshi , Luo Tuo , Gao Xiaosheng , Graham Stephen M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) is a major cause of material ductility reduction. In this study, the effect of hydrogen on ductile fracture is demonstrated by its influence on the process of void growth and coalescence. Assuming an initially uniform hydrogen distribution and a periodic array of spherical voids present in the material, a series of finite element analyses of a representative material volume subjected to various stress states was carried out. The evolution of local stress and deformation states results in hydrogen redistribution in the material, which in turn changes the material’s flow property because of the HELP effect. The results show that hydrogen reduces the ductility of the material by accelerating void growth and coalescence, and the effect of hydrogen on ductile fracture is strongly influenced by the stress state experienced by the material, as characterized by the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter.