bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of clonidine on heart rate variability during spinal anesthesia: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira , Nunes Rogean Rodrigues , Raimundo Rodrigo Daminello , Valenti Vítor Engracia , Bezerra Italla Maria Pinheiro , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Riera Andrés Ricardo Pérez 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction:All anesthetic techniques act, in some way, in the Autonomic Nervous System. In spinal anesthesia this effect is well described. The administration of local anesthetics in the subarachnoid space produces sensitive and sympathetic motor block, however, with latencies and variable and independent block levels. Adjuvants administered in association with local anesthetics have the potential to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia, increasing the incidence of side effects. The recovery of spinal anesthesia is based solely on the return of motor function and does not take into account the recovery of Autonomic Nervous System activity.Objective:To analyze the autonomic modulation of heart rate in patients undergoing surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia at the moment of recovery of motor function and to compare the autonomic function in patients who received bupivacaine in subarachnoid anesthesia with patients who recover bupivacaine associated with clonidine. Method:randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The sample consisted initially of 71 patients ASA I to III, submitted to surgery under spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group B received only bupivacaine and group C received bupivacaine with clonidine. The Heart Rate Variability was evaluated during 10 min in three moments: (T1) rest, before the anesthesia; (T2) 20 min after the installation of the anesthetic block, and (T3) at the time of recovery of motor function. Linear methods, frequency domain and non-linear methods in the Chaos domain were used. Results:The approximate entropy in the clonidine group showed a elevation, which may suggest a protective effect on the cardiovascular system of the addition of clonidine in spinal anesthesia. Conclusion:The approximate entropy values ​​at the moment of recovery of motor function in patients receiving spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and clonidine present a reduction when compared to the values ​​obtained at rest. This data suggests that motor and autonomic block recovery occurs at different times when clonidine is used in spinal anesthesia. This data brings a question about the safety of the discharge criteria of the post anesthetic recovery room using only the return of the motor function after spinal anesthesia.
Knowledge of HIV post exposure prophylaxis among public healthcare providers in Ilala District, Dar es Salaam
Authors: Kinigwa Victor , Kilonzi Manase , Mikomangwa Wigilya P. , Bwire George M. , Mlyuka Hamu J. , Marealle Alphonce I. , Mutagonda Ritah F. , Minzi Omary 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly reduces the risk of HIV infection to the victims. Evidence based practice has brought dynamicity in HAART regimens necessitating continual updates on knowledge of health care providers (HCPs) regarding PEP. Therefore, this study aimed to assess contemporary knowledge of HCPs on PEP three years after the introduction of Tenofovir based HAART regimens as a default for PEP in Tanzania.Methods A health care facilities based cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2018 in Ilala municipal Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A consecutive sampling method was deployed and 233 HCPs were enrolled. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The level of knowledge was graded using Bloom’s cut off point. Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression tests were used to check for association at significance level of p<0.05.Results A total of 13 health facilities were visited and 233 HCPs were interviewed among them 30.9%, 5.6%, 58.4%, and 5.2% were medical doctors, pharmaceutical personnel, nurses and laboratory technician respectively. The majority 72.1% (168) of the participants were female and the majority 47.2% (110) of the HCPs were aged ≥55 years. Diploma (43.8% (102)) education level constituted the largest proportion of the participants and the majority 50.2% (117) were nurses. About 70% of the respondents had low to moderate knowledge. The majority 87.6%(204) of the study participants were knowledgeable on dosage duration for PEP. However, only 41.2% (96) knew the recommended ARV regimen for PEP in Tanzania and 48.9% (114) knew how soon PEP should be initiated to prevent HIV acquisition. Certificate holders were more likely to have low knowledge on PEP compared to diploma and degree holders aOR (95% CI) 14(3.9 – 50.8), p=<0.01. The main source of PEP information to study participants was HIV treatment guideline (29%) followed by seminars (22%).Conclusion The majority of the assessed HCPs had low to moderate knowledge on PEP. The level of knowledge on PEP among HCPs increased with the level of education whereby those with a degree are more knowledgeable.
Use of an Oxygen Planar Optode to Assess the Effect of High Velocity Microsprays on Oxygen Penetration in a Human Dental Biofilms In-Vitro
Authors: Khosravi Yalda , Kandukuri Raja Durga Prasad , Palmer Sara , Borisov Sergey M. , Starke Michelle , Ward Marilyn , Kumar Purnima , de Beer Dirk , Chennu Arjun , Stoodley Paul 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background

Dental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents.

Methods

To investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human dental saliva and plaque. These biofilms were subject to “shooting” treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device.

Results

HVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qRT-PCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions.

Conclusion

We concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.
A Post-market, Multi-vessel Evaluation of the Imaging of Peripheral Arteries for Diagnostic Purposes Comparing Optical Coherence Tomography and Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging (SCAN)
Authors: Pavillard Edward , Sewell Luke 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Intravascular imaging plays an important part in diagnosis of vascular conditions and providing insight for treatment strategy. Two main imaging modalities are intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The objective of this study was to prove non-inferiority of OCT imaging to IVUS images in matched segments of peripheral vessels in patients with suspected peripheral vascular disease.Methods: The SCAN study was a prospective, non-inferiority clinical study of matched IVUS and OCT images collected along defined segments of peripheral vessels from twelve subjects (mean age 68 10.3 years; 10 men) displaying symptoms of vascular disease. Luminal diameters were measured by both imaging systems at the distal, middle, and proximal points of the defined segments. Three blinded interventional radiologists evaluated the quality of both imaging modalities in identifying lMann-Whitney-Wilcoxon testing. Intrareader reproducibility was calculated by intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis.
Results: The mean scoringof plaque, calcification, and vascular stent struts by the three readers was significant better in terms of image quality for OCT than IVUS (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.004, respectively). The mean scores of vessel wall component visibility and artifacts generated by the two imaging systems were not significantly different (p=0.19, p=0.07, respectively). Mean vessel luminal diameter and area at three specific locations within the vessels were not significantly different between the two imaging modalities. No patient injury, adverse effect or device malfunction were noted during thestudy.
Conclusions: Imaging byOCT provides the physician with better visualization of some vessel and plaque chacteristics, but both IVUS and OCT imaging are safe and effective methods of examining peripheral vessels in order to perform diagnostic assessment of peripheral vessels and provide information necessary for the treatment strategy of peripheral artery disease.
A cross-sectional survey on influencing factors of contracted services of Chinese family doctors : A quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: Wang Huanyan , Shi Lei , Han Xuanye , Zhang Jinchan , Fan Lihua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The family doctor system has gained rapid ground worldwide. In recent years, China has been actively exploring family doctor-type contracted services. The purpose of this study was to explore the influencing factors of Contracted Family Doctors Services (CFDS) from the perspectives of community health service providers, administrators and medical staff, and it provides a strong basis for the development and promotion of CFDS. Methods: A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted in this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among community health service providers and administrators in 12 community health service centers across four provinces (Zhejiang, Anhui, Beijing, and Shanghai) of China. A total of 389 people took the survey. Ultimately, 320 questionnaires were valid. The effective response rate was 82.3%. A total of 36 consumers were interviewed through in-depth interviews. The total effective rate 100.0%. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and expert consultation were used to analyze the influencing factors of CFDS. Results: The factors influencing CFDS from the perspectives of medical staff were divided into four dimensions, with the following weighting coefficients: national government (31.87%), community health service agency factors (24.73%), consumers-related factors (22.58%), and contracted doctor-related factors (20.82%). The factors influencing CFDS from the perspectives of patients/consumers were national policy factors, contracted team factor, and consumers-related factors. Conclusions: National governments, community health agencies, community health workers, and consumers play an important role in the advancement of CFDS. Therefore, the development of CFDS needs to consider the rights and interests of all stakeholders involved.
A FORMAÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINAR DE LICENCIANDOS EM CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA E O APRENDIZADO DAS CIÊNCIAS DO CÉU
Authors: Soares Lemos Shaw Gisele , Da Rocha João Batista Teixeira 
Published: September 2019

A interdisciplinaridade tem sido incentivada no ensino de ciências, mas sua operacionalidade precisa ser melhor investigada. Estudos têm sido desenvolvidos para compreender a formação interdisciplinar no ensino superior, já que essa formação pode ser base para que professores, ou futuros professores, desenvolvam práticas interdisciplinares na escola. Com base nos estudos de Spelt et al. (2009), acerca da constituição do pensamento interdisciplinar em estudantes de ensino superior, foi investigado o processo de formação interdisciplinar de três licenciandos em Ciências da Natureza durante uma oficina de Astronomia desenvolvida com estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. Por meio da análise textual discursiva de dados provindos de questionário, formulário de planejamento da oficina, projeto da oficina, planos de aula, anotações sobre a apresentação verbal da experiência, relato da experiência em formato de artigo, formulário autoavaliativo e entrevista foram analisados conhecimentos e habilidades interdisciplinares desenvolvidos por esses licenciandos. Foi observada a aquisição de alguns conhecimentos e habilidades pelos participantes, mas a ausência de outros indicou que o pensamento interdisciplinar ainda não havia sido adquirido na experiência, mas estava em processo de formação.
Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior; Formação Interdisciplinar; Interdisciplinaridade
Combination Therapies of Artemisinin and its Derivatives as a Viable Approach for Future Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kumar Maushmi S. , Yadav Tanuja T. , Khair Rohan R. , Peters Godefridus J. , Yergeri Mayur C. 
Published: September 2019

Background:Many anticancer drugs have been developed for clinical usage till now, but the major problem is the development of drug-resistance over a period of time in the treatment of cancer. Anticancer drugs produce huge adverse effects, ultimately leading to death of the patient. Researchers have been focusing on the development of novel molecules with higher efficacy and lower toxicity; the anti-malarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives have exhibited cytotoxic effects.Methods:We have done extensive literature search for artemisinin for its new role as anti-cancer agent for future treatment. Last two decades papers were referred for deep understanding to strengthen its role.Results:Literature shows changes at 9, 10 position in the artemisinin structure produces anticancer activity. Artemisinin shows anticancer activity in leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Artemisinin and its derivatives have been studied as combination therapy with several synthetic compounds, RNA interfaces, recombinant proteins and antibodies etc., for synergizing the effect of these drugs. They produce an anticancer effect by causing cell cycle arrest, regulating signaling in apoptosis, angiogenesis and cytotoxicity activity on the steroid receptors. Many novel formulations of artemisinin are being developed in the form of carbon nanotubes, polymer-coated drug particles, etc., for delivering artemisinin, since it has poor water/ oil solubility and is chemically unstable.Conclusion:We have summarize the combination therapies of artemisinin and its derivatives with other anticancer drugs and also focussed on recent developments of different drug delivery systems in the last 10 years. Various reports and clinical trials of artemisinin type drugs indicated selective cytotoxicity along with minimal toxicity thus projecting them as promising anti-cancer agents in future cancer therapies.
A New Food-grade Coenzyme Q10 Formulation Improves Bioavailability: Single and Repeated Pharmacokinetic Studies in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Petrangolini Giovanna , Ronchi Massimo , Frattini Elisabetta , De Combarieu Eric , Allegrini Pietro , Riva Antonella 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Coenzyme Q10 is a fundamental endogenous factor involved in cell energy
production that shows protective properties in oxidative stress, mainly in skeletal and heart muscle.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation appears to benefit athletes in strenuous training and in the elderly,
demonstrating ant-inflammatory properties by reducing inflammatory cytokines. Improved absorption
of coenzyme Q10 via a new delivery system would represent an important step forward in the use of
coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the solubility and oral absorption in human healthy
volunteers of a new food grade coenzyme Q10 phytosome formulation.

Methods:
Solubility studies were performed in vitro in simulated gastrointestinal fluids; human studies
were conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate oral absorption in a Single dose study, in comparison
with the coenzyme Q10 capsules, and in a repeated study at two increasing doses.

Results:
The highest solubility shown by coenzyme Q10 phytosome in simulated intestinal fluids results
in an improvement in oral absorption of coenzyme Q10 in healthy volunteers, three times more than the
coenzyme Q10 according to AUC (area under the time/concentration curve) values. When two increasing
doses (one and two capsules) were administered to healthy volunteers within a two-week schedule,
the plasmatic levels of coenzyme Q10 resulted in 0.864±0.200 μg/ml (Mean±S.D.+41%) and
1.321±0.400 μg/ml (+116%), respectively versus baseline (0.614±0.120 μg/ml one capsule,
0.614±0.160 μg/ml two capsules). This detected dose-related bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 phytosome
was even observed with no alterations in vital signs, neither in the physical examination nor in
ECG, and no changes of clinical and biochemical parameters were observed.

Conclusion:
These findings, taken together, support the safety profile and significantly improved coenzyme
Q10 oral absorption in humans with this new phytosome delivery formulation.
Targeting Mutant KRAS for Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Fengqian , Alphonse Martin P. , Liu Yan , Liu Qi 
Published: September 2019

:Over the past decades, designing therapeutic strategies to target KRAS-mutant cancers, which is one of the most frequent mutant oncogenes among all cancer types, have proven unsuccessful regardless of many concerted attempts. There are key challenges for KRAS-mutant anticancer therapy, as the complex cellular processes involved in KRAS signaling has present. Herein, we highlight the emerging therapeutic approaches for inhibiting KRAS signaling and blocking KRAS functions, in hope to serve as a more effective guideline for future development of therapeutics.
EFFECT OF LOVASTATIN NANO DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY (BMD) AND BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIBIA BONES OF WISTAR RATS
Authors: KAUR RAMANDEEP , Ajitha Makula 
Published: September 2019

Objective: In the present study, transdermal nanoemulsion (NE) gel of lovastatin was investigated for its anti-osteoporosis effect on the long bones of rat i.e. tibia.
Methods: Male wistar rats (n=30, weighing 180-200g) were taken for this study and grouped as: 1) control (normal saline daily), 2) Dex (dexamethasone sodium; 25 mg/kg subcutaneously twice a week), 3) Dex+LNG5 (lovastatin nanoemulsion gel; 5 mg/kg/d transdermally daily), 4) Dex+LNG10 (lovastatin nanoemulsion gel; 10 mg/kg/d transdermally daily), and 5) Dex+ALN (alendronate sodium; 0.03 mg/kg/d orally daily). All the treatments were carried out for 60 d. At the end of the experiment, all animals were anesthetized using diethyl ether and collected blood samples from retro-orbital venous plexus of rats in dry eppendorf tubes followed by the sacrifice of animals by cervical dislocation method and collected tibia bones of both the legs for analysis.
Results: Bone formation biomarkers (OC: osteocalcin, b-ALP: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, PINP: N-terminal propeptides of type I procollagen) were significantly improved and resorption biomarkers (CTx: C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type-I collagen, TRAcP5b: isoform 5b of tartarate resistant acid phosphatase) were significantly reduced in the LNG5 (p<0.05) and LNG10 (p<0.05) treatment groups when compared to Dex. In vivo anti-osteoporotic results demonstrated the formation of new bone in osteoporotic rat tibias. Biomechanical strength testing demonstrated increased load-bearing capacity of rat tibias in the treated animals in comparison with the osteoporotic group (p<0.05 for LNG5 and p<0.01 for LNG10).
Conclusion: Thus, the transdermal NE gel formulation of lovastatin demonstrated the greater potential for the treatment of osteoporosis.
To what extent can the chosen blood pressure measurement technique affect the outcomes of an observational survey?
Authors: Mayer Otto , Seidlerová Jitka , Mateřánková Markéta , Gelžinský Julius , Mareš Štěpán , Rychecká Martina , Svobodová Veronika , Bruthans Jan , Filipovský Jan 
Published: September 2019

Aim:
We analyzed to what extent measurement protocol influenced individual blood pressure (BP) and achievement of treatment target in patients with coronary heart disease.
Methods:
In a subsample of Czech EUROASPIRE III–V survey participants (n = 913), we compared the per-protocol BP measurement (by automated oscillometric device OMRON at the beginning of survey procedure) with control auscultatory measurement (by physician during interview).
Results:
Per-protocol approach produced significantly (p < 0.0001) higher BP values (by 9/6 mmHg in median) than auscultatory measurements and led to markedly higher proportion of patients over target BP (less than 140/90 mmHg; 59.3 vs 34.9% [p < 0.0001], per-protocol vs auscultatory technique, respectively).
Conclusion:
Per-protocol oscillometric technique was not equivalent to conventional auscultatory measurement and seriously over-rated the real nonachievement of BP target in observational surveys.
Potentials Of Leading Sectors In Bangka Belitung Island Province On 2013-2017
Authors: Yulianti Atik 
Published: September 2019

Decentralization and regional autonomy policies provide opportunities for development of governments and communities in the regions. The economic and financial potential needs to be extracted and processed, so it could be a tangible output that gives an additional value to the product which lead to improving the welfare of the people in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Regional economics can be divided into two sectors, namely basic activities and activities rather than bases. This study uses Location Quotient method to find out and analyze the basic or superior sectors in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Based on the results of the research, Mining and Excavation sector, Government administration sector, Agricultural sector, Health and services sector, Real estate sector, Manufacturing industry and the big and retail trade sector; are those who have more than 1 local offering so they can be favored for the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in 2013-2017.