bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Gambling in Youth
Authors: Potenza Marc N. , Mestre-Bach Gemma , Demetrovics Zsolt , Derevensky Jeffrey , Fernandez-Aranda Fernando , Gainsbury Sally M. , Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Kraus Shane W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the current literature on gambling and gambling disorders among youth. The emergence of online gambling, together with the legalization, social acceptance, and appearance of new forms of gambling or gambling-related factors, such as internet gambling, daily fantasy sports, and sports betting or loot boxes, may raise particular concerns for vulnerable populations. Adolescents are at a developmental stage characterized by increased autonomy, identity formation, social exploration, and brain development and often have high levels of sensation-seeking and impulsivity. As such, addictive or problematic engagement in gambling may have significant impacts on developmental trajectories in youth. This manuscript summarizes current knowledge, includes considerations for future research to help address current limitations in knowledge, and provides recommendations focused on the prevention of youth gambling behaviors and gambling problems in the current and evolving digital environment.
Growing Up with Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Child Development
Authors: Xu Ying , Prado Yenda , Severson Rachel L. , Lovato Silvia , Cassell Justine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have become increasingly integrated into children’s daily lives, influencing learning, social interactions, and creative activities. This chapter provides an overview of key research fields examining children’s learning from, interactions with, and understanding of AI. Current research indicates that AI has the potential to enhance children’s development across multiple domains; however, ethical considerations need to be prioritized. When children engage in learning activities with AI, they may encounter inappropriate, inaccurate, or biased content. Additionally, children’s social interactions with AI may affect their approach to interpersonal interactions. Finally, children’s developing understanding of the world may make them particularly susceptible to attributing human-like properties to AI, undermining their expectations of these technologies. This chapter highlights the importance of future studies focusing on a child-centered design approach, promoting AI literacy, and addressing ethical concerns to fully harness AI’s potential in child development. Recommendations for parents, technology developers, and policymakers are also provided.
Immersive Horizons: Navigating the Impacts of Virtual Reality on Children and Families
Authors: Kaufman Jordy , Zosh Jennifer M. , Bailey Jakki O. , Keane Therese , Araiza-Alba Paola , Cowie Dorothy , Kim Eunjoo , Mushtaq Faisal , Tychsen Lawrence , Smith Tim J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging, immersive, multisensory technology with the potential to become a widely used tool for children of all ages. Although the majority of official guidelines typically recommend its use for individuals over 10–13 years old, younger children have started to adopt this technology. Given its highly experiential nature and the limited research available, further investigation is needed to assess both the positive and negative impacts of VR on children of all ages. In this chapter, we examine existing knowledge on its use across various settings and discuss its promising aspects (e.g., expanding educational opportunities, pain relief in clinical environments) as well as potential concerns (e.g., ethical issues related to data collection and the possibility of exploitation). As VR is still a nascent technology, we can draw insights from current research and the effects of screen media on children. The power of VR could significantly influence children’s daily lives and families, but it is essential to understand how this novel technology may affect child development differently from adults, considering various ages and developmental stages.
Introduction to the Section on Screens and Physical Health
Authors: Hale Lauren 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Much of the scientific literature on the effects of digital screen media use on child well-being focuses on the wide-ranging psychological, cognitive, and social effects. More recently, there has been growing evidence of the role of digital screen media use in physical health. This section on physical health includes five chapters exploring distinct dimensions of physical health, including physical activity, nutrition, food marketing, marketing of other health risk behaviors, sleep health, physical injuries, and ocular health. Each chapter describes the current state of the evidence, gaps and limitations in the literature, and directions for future research about the pervasive role of screens in the lives of children and the implications (potentially both positive and negative) for physical health. A consistent limitation across all the chapters includes challenges with measurement and assessing causality. Finally, each chapter concludes with recommendations aimed at mitigating the effects of digital screen media use on the range of physical health outcomes addressed.
Orbital dynamics of the solar basin
Authors: Giovanetti Cara , Lasenby Robert , Van Tilburg Ken 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the dynamics of the solar basin — the accumulated population of weakly-interacting particles on bound orbits in the Solar System. We focus on particles starting off on Sun-crossing orbits, corresponding to initial conditions of production inside the Sun, and investigate their evolution over the age of the Solar System. A combination of analytic methods, secular perturbation theory, and direct numerical integration of orbits sheds light on the long- and short-term evolution of a population of test particles orbiting the Sun and perturbed by the planets. Our main results are that the effective lifetime of a solar basin at Earth’s location is τeff = 1.20 ± 0.09 Gyr, and that there is annual (semi-annual) modulation of the basin density with known phase and amplitude at the fractional level of 6.5% (2.2%). These results have important implications for direct detection searches of solar basin particles, and the strong temporal modulation signature yields a robust discovery channel. Our simulations can also be interpreted in the context of gravitational capture of dark matter in the Solar System, with consequences for any dark-matter phenomenon that may occur below the local escape velocity.
Words Avoiding Tangrams
Authors: Dȩbski Michał , Grytczuk Jarosław , Pawlik Bartłomiej , Przybyło Jakub , Śleszyńska-Nowak Małgorzata 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA tangram is a word in which every letter occurs an even number of times. Such word can be cut into parts that can be arranged into two identical words. The minimum number of cuts needed is called the cut number of a tangram. For example, the word "Equation missing" is a tangram with cut number one, while the word "Equation missing" is a tangram with cut number two. Clearly, tangrams with cut number one coincide with the well-known family of words, known as squares, having the form UU for some nonempty word U. A word Wavoids a word T if it is not possible to write $$W=ATB$$

W
=
A
T
B

, for any words A and B (possibly empty). The famous 1906 theorem of Thue asserts that there exist arbitrarily long words avoiding squares over an alphabet with just three letters. Given a fixed number $$k\geqslant 1$$

k
⩾
1

, how many letters are needed to avoid tangrams with the cut number at most k? Let t(k) denote the minimum size of an alphabet needed for that purpose. By Thue’s result we have $$t(1)=3$$

t
(
1
)
=
3

, which easily implies $$t(2)=3$$

t
(
2
)
=
3

. Curiously, these are currently the only known exact values of this function. In our main result we prove that $$t(k)=\Theta (\log _2k)$$

t

(
k
)

=
Θ

(

log
2

k
)

. The proof uses entropy compression argument and Zimin words. Using a different method we prove that $$t(k)\leqslant k+1$$

t
(
k
)
⩽
k
+
1

for all $$k\geqslant 4$$

k
⩾
4

, which gives more exact estimates for small values of k. The proof makes use of Dejean words and a curious property of Gauss words, which is perhaps of independent interest.
CYP3A4 drug metabolism considerations in pediatric pharmacotherapy
Authors: Vander Schaaf Marin , Luth Kyrle , Townsend Danyelle M. , Chessman Katherine H. , Mills Catherine M. , Garner Sandra S. , Peterson Yuri K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a crucial enzyme involved in the Phase I metabolism of numerous medications used in clinical practice. Its potential significance in pediatric pharmacotherapy is underscored by the unique metabolic profile of children, which differs markedly from adults, especially in neonates, infants, and young children due to developmental changes in enzyme activity. This review explores the critical role of CYP3A4 in the metabolism of drugs used in the pediatric population, with a particular focus on combination drug therapies. Given the high potential for drug-drug interactions in combination therapies, understanding the modulation of CYP3A4 activity is essential for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. This paper further examines the structural similarities between these medications and bergamottin, a known CYP3A4 inhibitor found in citric fruits such as grapefruit. Variability in CYP3A4 activity, influenced by genetic polymorphisms, developmental stage, and external factors, necessitates careful consideration in the prescribing and management of drugs in children. This review corroborates the need for personalized medicine approaches and enhanced pharmacovigilance to ensure the safe and effective use of CYP3A4-metabolized drugs in the pediatric population.
Graphical Abstract
Digital Public Health in Deutschland: Status quo, Herausforderungen und Zukunftsperspektiven
Authors: Maaß Laura , Dockweiler Christoph , Hocke-Bolte Zora , Hoffmann Stephanie , Fischer Florian , Forberger Sarah , Gebert Janika , Holl Felix , Hrynyschyn Robert , Kernebeck Sven , Pischke Claudia , Posselt Jacqueline , Spallek Jacob 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Dieses Positionspapier des Fachbereichs Digital Public Health der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Public Health e. V. definiert Digital Public Health (DiPH) und beschreibt deren Ziele sowie Potenziale. Ferner geht es auf die derzeitige Situation und Herausforderungen sowie Handlungsbedarfe in Deutschland ein. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf der Darstellung der flächendeckenden Förderung der (digitalen) Gesundheitskompetenz, der Anwendung von DiPH in der Prävention, Gesundheitsförderung und Versorgung, dem Einsatz innovativer, präventiver Strategien zur Vorbeugung nichtübertragbarer Krankheiten und der Lehre von DiPH innerhalb von Public-Health-Studiengängen. Zudem werden notwendige Maßnahmen und Forderungen zur Stärkung von DiPH in Deutschland resümiert.
Current account determinants in a globalized world
Authors: Camarero Mariam , Carrion-i-Silvestre Josep Lluís , Tamarit Cecilio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the determinants of external imbalances for a group of 26 developed and emerging countries over the period 1972–2021. In addition to traditional factors, the model incorporates the impact of external imbalances in third countries. The empirical evidence highlights the importance of accounting for parameter instabilities in modeling external imbalances, with countries exhibiting heterogeneous behavior in terms of the estimated break dates. The results underscore the critical role of external drivers, such as oil shocks, and the growing influence of third-country imbalances in an increasingly globalized world. Additionally, demographic trends emerge as a significant long-run internal driver. Finally, the paper calculates regime-specific short-run multipliers.
Developing an instrument to measure the quality of social work cancer counseling regarding return to work — psychometric properties of the German Quality of Cancer Counseling Questionnaire-Return to Work (QCCQ-W)
Authors: Breidenbach Clara , Schneider Sabine , Rösler Marie , Ernstmann Nicole , Heidkamp Paula , Heier Lina , Hiltrop Kati , Schellack Sophie , Soff Johannes , Weiss Johanna , Kowalski Christoph 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Counseling by social workers can be of great relevance supporting cancer survivors with their psychosocial challenges such as returning to work. However, an instrument for assessing the quality between social worker and client in the cancer counseling setting regarding return to work is not yet available. This study was carried out to develop and validate an instrument for this purpose.

Methods
A questionnaire was developed in collaboration with cancer counseling experts. Data collection took place in 19 outpatient cancer counseling centers in Germany. Cancer survivors seeking advice regarding their occupational situation were asked to complete the questionnaire 3 months after starting counseling. Exploratory factor analysis (n = 229) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 216) in two distinct samples, as well as validity and reliability tests, were performed.

Results
Exploratory factor analysis suggested a two-component solution. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this solution, with a satisfactory model fit (CFI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.049, SRMSR = 0.036). The components identified included six items with three items each and were termed “1. relationship building” and “2. competent support.” The components had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α between 0.84 and 0.92) and test–retest reliability (1. r(30) = 0.49, p = 0.005, 2. r(30) = 0.89, p < 0.001). Significant correlations with other constructs measuring satisfaction with counseling and its usefulness indicated moderate to good construct validity (r between 0.36 and 0.77, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The questionnaire developed shows satisfactory psychometric properties. It is an evaluation tool specific for cancer counseling regarding return to, since it will initially be used to evaluate an intensified program for supporting cancer survivors returning to work after treatment. It may also be tested as an instrument for quality assurance and management in general cancer counseling in the future.
The underestimation of speed perception while walking in virtual reality with bodyweight unloading
Authors: Gustafson Hannah E. , Layne Charles S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs space agencies prepare for long-duration missions, such as establishing a permanent moon base, maintaining astronauts’ physical and mental health becomes crucial. Exercise is known to counteract the adverse effects of space travel, and virtual reality (VR) has the potential to enhance the psychological well-being of crew members. This study aimed to investigate the impact of bodyweight unloading on speed perception during treadmill walking in a VR environment. Eighteen participants walked on an AlterG treadmill while wearing a VR headset that displayed a moving virtual outdoor environment. The treadmill simulated different bodyweight conditions (100%, 60%, and 20%) to represent Earth’s gravity, intermediate, and lunar gravity, respectively. A staircase method was used to determine participants’ estimated threshold speed for perceiving visual speed equivalence. The results revealed that in all conditions, participants consistently underestimated their walking speed compared to the visual scene speed. No significant differences were found in estimated threshold speeds between the unloading conditions. Individual responses varied, possibly due to biomechanical differences and personal preferences. Participants reported no motion sickness symptoms, likely attributed to the short duration of speed mismatches and the use of high-resolution and high-refresh-rate VR equipment. This study provides insights into the combination of VR and treadmill walking, suggesting the importance of individual customization to enhance user experience and prevent motion sickness.
Reconquer and divide: comparative standard-setting strategies among producer organizations
Authors: Billows Sebastian , Carter Elizabeth , Déplaude Marc-Olivier , Mazenc Loïc , Nguyen Geneviève , Purseigle François , Royer Annie , Loconto Allison 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFood standards, which are used to signal adherence to sustainability goals or a specific origin, have deep political implications. Standards crafted by retailers, processors, or third-party actors such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) often disempower farmers. Moreover, due to the liberalization and globalization of many food value chains, producer organizations (POs) lost some of their legal privileges and market protections. This paper analyzes how POs in the Global North sought to regain their control over food markets by establishing their own standards. These strategies and their consequences are considered across three dimensions: the internal life of the PO, the relevant market institutions, and the relationship between the PO and the state. Our case studies (N = 5) performed in France and in Québec, a French-speaking province of Canada, span across a variety of food sectors. Drawing on qualitative material, we designed our explanatory framework through an abductive, iterative method. Although standards crafted by POs have, in some cases, reshaped market institutions to their advantage and have repositioned them in the governance of food markets, they come at a cost. They may create tensions within POs and clash with the agrarian values of solidarity, democracy, and autonomy. Overall, this article challenges the assumption that food standards are mainly governed by private actors and sheds light on the new alliances and new identities of POs.
Formation of disordered regions is caused by drying in cellulose microfibrils of Egeria densa
Authors: Kiyoto Shingo , Horikawa Yoshiki , Sugiyama Junji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Periodically disordered regions can be induced by drying in cellulose microfibrils of several plant species. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals were prepared from never-dried and oven-dried cellulose samples from Egeria densa by sulfuric acid hydrolysis and observed with transmission electron microscopy. Cellulose nanocrystals from never-dried samples were long (> 1 μm in length), curved smoothly, and had very few kinks. In contrast, cellulose nanocrystals from oven-dried samples were shorter (50–600 nm in length) and were almost entirely straight. These results indicated that never-dried cellulose microfibrils lacked the disordered regions along the microfibril and exhibited a continuous, low bending rigidity. Never-dried and oven-dried cellulose samples from E. densa were subjected to acid hydrolysis, dissolution in 1% LiCl/dimethylacetamide, and size-exclusion chromatography–multi-angle laser-light scattering analysis. After acid hydrolysis, oven-dried samples showed a significantly lower degree of polymerization than never-dried samples. In addition, oven-dried samples showed a unimodal and narrow molar mass distribution, whereas never-dried samples showed a bimodal distribution after acid hydrolysis. These results indicated that oven-drying induces the disordered regions along the cellulose microfibril and that the disordered regions are cleaved by acid hydrolysis.
Mechanochemistry of degree two
Authors: Quapp Wolfgang , Bofill Josep Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe simplify some proposed formulas for hydrostatic pressure on a molecule by G. Subramanian, N. Mathew and J. Leiding, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 134109 (2015). We apply the formulas to an artificial triatom ABC whose potential energy surface is formed by a combination of Morse curves.
Health-related quality of life among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients and inequalities by disease manifestations: a longitudinal study analysing the impact of TB treatment
Authors: Hassan Shoaib , Purohit Manju Raj , Kanthali Mala , Yaesoubi Reza , Jain Swapnil , Mustafa Tehmina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
To understand the impact of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and its treatment on quality of life, we analysed patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) among presumptive ETPB patients.

Methods
EuroQol’s five-dimensional three-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) were used to measure PROMs by 274 presumptive EPTB patients at pre- and post-treatment stages. The patients were categorised as TB and non-TB by using a composite reference standard. Following the EuroQol suggested analysis methods, we calculated the health utility summary measure at the pre- and post-treatment stages. The health state density curve and index were used to analyse inequality in reported health profiles. We investigated factors associated with EPTB patients’ health utility through multivariable regression at the pre-treatment stage.

Results
The analysis of PROMs showed both physical (mobility, self-care, usual activities) and psychological (pain, discomfort, anxiety & depression) health affected by all EPTB manifestations (lymphadenitis, pleuritis, meningitis and others). Moreover, we found inequality in reported health profiles across disease manifestations at pre- and post-treatment stages. Post-treatment, we found improvement in PROMs and no reports of extreme-level health problems. However, some problems persisted across all dimensions of EPTB manifestations. We found 100% improvement in pleuritis and meningitis manifestations. Socioeconomic status, type of health facility attended, and patients’ working capacity were associated with health utility.

Conclusion
Despite post-treatment improvement in health, inequality of reported health states by EPTB manifestations persisted, though decreased. This highlights that holistic patient- and health system-level interventions addressing the impact of illness should consider EPTB by its manifestations, not as a single disease entity.
Performance of government venture capital (GVC): an Asian perspective
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal , Serve Stéphanie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article compares the exit performance of companies backed by government venture capital (GVC) with that of firms backed by independent venture capital (IVC). Using a sample of 3,817 firms from 9 Asian developing countries during a 26-year period (1991–2017), we run multinomial logistic regressions and initially show that GVC-backed firms are more likely to be financed in the early stage than IVC-backed firms are. In doing so, GVC absorbs the higher probability of an unsuccessful exit associated with firms financed in the early stage. In contrast, we find that in the expansion and later stages, GVC-backed firms perform better than IVC-backed firms. Overall, we show that GVC-backed firms outperform IVC-backed firms. These empirical findings are reinforced by several robustness checks. Thus, we challenge the hypothesis on GVC underperformance tested in the literature on other geographical areas. Finally, we provide evidence that mixed syndication (a combination of GVC and IVC) improves the exit performance of ventures.