bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning‐Assisted Label‐Free Parallel Cell Sorting with Digital Microfluidics
Authors: Guo Zongliang , Li Fenggang , Li Hang , Zhao Menglei , Liu Haobing , Wang Haopu , Hu Hanqi , Fu Rongxin , Lu Yao , Hu Siyi , Xie Huikai , Ma Hanbin , Zhang Shuailong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSorting specific cells from heterogeneous samples is important for research and clinical applications. In this work, a novel label‐free cell sorting method is presented that integrates deep learning image recognition with microfluidic manipulation to differentiate cells based on morphology. Using an Active‐Matrix Digital Microfluidics (AM‐DMF) platform, the YOLOv8 object detection model ensures precise droplet classification, and the Safe Interval Path Planning algorithm manages multi‐target, collision‐free droplet path planning. Simulations and experiments revealed that detection model precision, concentration ratios, and sorting cycles significantly affect recovery rates and purity. With HeLa cells and polystyrene beads as samples, the method achieved 98.5% sorting precision, 96.49% purity, and an 80% recovery over three cycles. After a series of experimental validations, this method can also be used to sort HeLa cells from red blood cells, cancer cells from white blood cells (represented by HeLa and Jurkat cells), and differentiate white blood cell subtypes (represented by HL‐60 cells and Jurkat cells). Cells sorted using this method can be lysed directly on chip within their hosting droplets, ensuring minimal sample loss and suitability for downstream bioanalysis. This innovative AM‐DMF cell sorting technique holds significant potential to advance diagnostics, therapeutics, and fundamental research in cell biology.
Iodine/Chlorine Multi‐Electron Conversion Realizes High Energy Density Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Zhao Jiajin , Chen Yan , Zhang Mengyan , An Ziqi , Nian Binbin , Wang Wenfeng , Wu Hao , Han Shumin , Li Yuan , Zhang Lu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) batteries are promising energy storage devices; however, the conventional single‐electron reaction potential and energy density of iodine cathode are inadequate for practical applications. Activation of high‐valence iodine cathode reactions has evoked a compelling direction to developing high‐voltage zinc‐iodine batteries. Herein, ethylene glycol (EG) is proposed as a co‐solvent in a water‐in‐deep eutectic solvent (WiDES) electrolyte, enabling significant utilization of two‐electron‐transfer I+/I0/I− reactions and facilitating an additional reversibility of Cl0/Cl− redox reaction. Spectroscopic characterizations and calculations analyses reveal that EG integrates into the Zn2+ solvation structure as a hydrogen‐bond donor, competitively binding O atoms in H2O, which triggers a transition from water‐rich to water‐poor clusters of Zn2+, effectively disrupting the H2O hydrogen‐bond network. Consequently, the aqueous Zn‐I2 cell achieves an exceptional capacity of 987 mAh gI2−1 with an energy density of 1278 Wh kgI2−1, marking an enhancement of ≈300 mAh g−1 compared to electrolyte devoid of EG, and enhancing the Coulombic efficiency (CE) from 68.2% to 98.7%. Moreover, the pouch cell exhibits 3.72 mAh cm−2 capacity with an energy density of 4.52 mWh cm−2, exhibiting robust cycling stability. Overall, this work contributes to the further development of high‐valence and high‐capacity aqueous Zn‐I2 batteries.
How Do the Four Core Factors of High Entropy Affect the Electrochemical Properties of Energy‐Storage Materials?
Authors: Wang Wenze , Zhang Qian , Yang Liting , Liang Guisheng , Xiong Xuhui , Cheng Yifeng , Wu Limin , Lin Chunfu , Che Renchao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy materials (HEMs) are extremely popular for electrochemical energy storage nowadays. However, the detailed effects of four core factors of high entropy on the electrochemical properties of HEMs are still unclear. Here, a high‐entropy La1/4Ce1/4Pr1/4Nd1/4Nb3O9 (HE‐LaNb3O9) oxide is prepared through multiple rare‐metal‐ion substitution in LaNb3O9, and uses HE‐LaNb3O9 as a model material to systematically study the effects of the four core factors of high entropy on electrochemical energy‐storage materials. The high‐entropy effect lowers the calcination temperature for obtaining pure HE‐LaNb3O9. The lattice distortion in HE‐LaNb3O9 leads to its decreased unit‐cell‐volume variations, which benefits its cyclability. Based on the restrained diffusion arising from the lattice distortion, the Li+ diffusivity of HE‐LaNb3O9 at room temperature (25 °C) is limited, which causes its lowered rate capability. However, the Li+ diffusivity of HE‐LaNb3O9 at high temperature (60 °C) becomes faster than that of LaNb3O9, which is attributed to the alleviated lattice distortion at the high‐temperature, resulting in higher rate capability. The cocktail effects in HE‐LaNb3O9 enable its larger electronic conductivity, better electrochemical activity, more intensive Nb5+ ↔ Nb3+ redox reaction, and larger reversible capacity. The insight gained here can provide a guide for the rational design of new HEMs with good energy‐storage properties.
2D Graphene‐Like Carbon Coated Solid Electrolyte for Reducing Inhomogeneous Reactions of All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Shin Hyeon‐Ji , Kim Jun‐Tae , Han Daseul , Kim Hyung‐Seok , Chung Kyung Yoon , Mun Junyoung , Kim Jongsoon , Nam Kyung‐Wan , Jung Hun‐Gi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent studies have identified an imbalance between the electronic and ionic conductivities as the drivers of inhomogeneous reactions in composite cathodes, which cause the rapid degradation of all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB). To mitigate localized overcharge and utilize isolated active materials, the study proposes the coating of an argyrodite‐type Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte (SE) with graphene‐like carbon (GLC@LPSCl), a 2D conductive material, to offer a continuous three‐dimensionally connected electron pathway within the composite cathode to facilitate ion mobility and promote homogeneous reactions. Despite reducing the content of the conducting agent, it is observed that the GLC@LPSCl cell exhibits high initial Coulombic efficiency and discharge capacity, reducing the inhomogeneous reactivity after 200 cycles compared with when ordinary conductive agents are deployed. Additionally, the presence of GLC@LPSCI surface suppresses the interfacial reaction between SE–cathode material, thus imparting the cell with excellent capacity retention (≈90%) after 200 cycles. Furthermore, the cell performance improves even after a fourfold increase in the cathode loading amount, demonstrating the criticality of a well‐developed continuous electron pathway to cell performance and highlighting the key role of ensuring a balance between the electron and ion conductivities in the development of high‐energy‐density and high‐power ASSBs.
Sodium‐Difluoro(oxalato)Borate‐Based Electrolytes for Long‐Term Cycle Life and Enhanced Low‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xia Miaomiao , Chen Hui , Zheng Zhenxu , Meng Qingfei , Zhao Along , Chen Xiaoyang , Ai Xinping , Fang Yongjin , Cao Yuliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a promising alternative for next‐generation energy storage solutions, driven by the economic and environmental benefits of abundant sodium resources. A pivotal aspect of SIB advancement is the development of advanced electrolytes, which remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a facile and scalable synthesis method for low‐cost sodium‐difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaDFOB) is reported and explored its application as a standalone electrolyte salt for SIBs. The NaDFOB‐based ether electrolyte demonstrates exceptional electrochemical stability, solvent compatibility, and the unique capacity to form a dense, robust solid‐electrolyte interphase layer on electrode surfaces. As a result, the Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP) cathode with NaDFOB‐based electrolyte exhibits ultrahigh cycling stability with a remarkable capacity retention of 98.7% after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, an Ah‐level hard carbon (HC)//NFPP pouch cell using NaDFOB‐based ether electrolyte shows an impressive cycle life of 500 cycles, coupled with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. The pouch cells also maintain superior electrochemical performance across a broad temperature range from −40 to 60 °C, showcasing the electrolyte's versatility. This work contributes significant insights into the strategic design and application of innovative salts, paving the way for longer‐lasting SIBs with enhanced electrochemical performance.
A Synergistic Zincophilic and Hydrophobic Supramolecule Shielding Layer for Actualizing Long‐Term Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tao Jingchen , Cai Xinxin , Li Yiran , Huang Liang , Zhang Xueying , Zhang Huiquan , Ma Dongmin , Ran Lianghong , Song Weixing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe zinc metal anodes are liable to experience detrimental dendrite growth and side reactions, thereby limiting the lifespan of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Here, a readily available supramolecule, dimethoxypillar[5]arene (DP[5]), is utilized as a shielding layer to stabilize the Zn anode by exploiting its zincophilicity derived from the ─OCH3 functional groups and its hydrophobicity from the hydrophobic backbone. The DP[5] shielding layer regulates the solvation sheath of Zn2+ and facilitates uniform zinc deposition. Swelling and dendrite formation are obviously suppressed in both the symmetric and full cells. The DP[5]‐Zn symmetrical cell cycles stably for 5500 h, and achieves a coulombic efficiency of 99.76% in a DP[5]‐Zn||Cu half‐cell after 2200 cycles. The DP[5]‐Zn||V2O5 full cell maintains 92.03% of initial capacity after 6000 cycles. Given the cost‐effective fabrication and environmental friendliness of DP[5] films, this material may pave the way for practical applications of zinc anodes.
Climate Change Mitigation in the Dairy Sector: Uncovering Heterogeneity Through Eco‐Efficiency Clubs
Authors: Läpple Doris , Stetter Christian , Buckley Cathal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCombining climate change goals with economic targets is crucial for the dairy sector, which is a significant contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. In this paper, we assess economic and climate change implications of dairy production with panel data of Irish dairy farms from 2013 to 2021. We calculate transient, persistent, and overall eco‐efficiency with respect to GHG emissions by way of stochastic frontier analysis. The innovative component of our analysis is the application of club convergence analysis to explore heterogeneity in transient eco‐efficiency development over time. This offers a nuanced understanding of farm‐level responses to climate challenges. We then explore correlations between convergence clubs and GHG mitigation technology usage. Despite high overall eco‐efficiency, our results uncover significant variability across farms, with some showing improvement and others decline in eco‐efficiency over time. We also find that changes in milk yield and specialization are positively related to better eco‐efficiency development, while GHG mitigation technologies do not play an important role. These insights suggest that the average high eco‐efficiency masks considerable underlying heterogeneity, presenting opportunities for tailored policy interventions. Our study contributes to the literature by highlighting the complex dynamics of eco‐efficiency in the dairy sector and underscoring the need for policy frameworks that account for farm‐level diversity.
Proximal and distal minority stressors and mental health among young gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Harper Gary W. , Hong Chenglin , Jauregui Juan C. , Odhiambo Elijah Ochieng , Jadwin‐Cakmak Laura , Olango Kennedy , Rivet Amico K. , Tucker Heather M. , Lyons Myla , Odero Wilson , Graham Susan M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractYoung gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Kenya experience pervasive intersectional stigma and discrimination, contributing to elevated levels of negative mental health symptoms. Grounded in the Minority Stress Model, this paper explores associations of proximal and distal minority stressors with three types of negative mental health outcomes among young HIV‐negative GBMSM (n = 63) between the ages of 19–34 who participated in a pilot trial of a sexual health intervention. Using the PHQ‐9, GAD‐7, and PC‐PTSD‐5 screening measures, levels of clinically significant symptoms were reported as follows: 15.8% depressive symptoms, 12.7% anxiety symptoms, 31.7% posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results from stepwise linear regression analyses suggest that GBMSM‐related stigma (distal stressor) was the strongest correlate for all three mental health outcomes, and concealment motivation (proximal stressor) was an additional significant correlate only in the depressive symptoms model. These findings should be viewed with caution and seen as initial observations given the small sample which limits our interpretations of the findings. Structural‐level interventions are needed to decrease GBMSM's exposure to intersectional stigma and discrimination, such as decriminalization of same‐sex sexual activity, as well as individual and group‐level interventions that assist GBMSM with improving their adaptive coping strategies.
Ensemble automated approaches for producing high‐quality herbarium digital records
Authors: Guralnick Robert P. , LaFrance Raphael , Allen Julie M. , Denslow Michael W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPremiseOne of the slowest steps in digitizing natural history collections is converting labels associated with specimens into a digital data record usable for collections management and research. Here, we address how herbarium specimen labels can be converted into digital data records via extraction into standardized Darwin Core fields.MethodsWe first showcase the development of a rule‐based approach and compare outcomes with a large language model–based approach, in particular ChatGPT4. We next quantified omission and commission error rates across target fields for a set of labels transcribed using optical character recognition (OCR) for both approaches. For example, we find that ChatGPT4 often creates field names that are not Darwin Core compliant while rule‐based approaches often have high commission error rates.ResultsOur results suggest that these approaches each have different strengths and limitations. We therefore developed an ensemble approach that leverages the strengths of each individual method and documented that ensembling strongly reduced overall information extraction errors.DiscussionThis work shows that an ensemble approach has particular value for creating high‐quality digital data records, even for complicated label content. While human validation is still needed to ensure the best possible quality, automated approaches can speed digitization of herbarium specimen labels and are likely to be broadly usable for all natural history collection types.
Blazing Carbon Dots: Unfolding its Luminescence Mechanism to Photoinduced Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mate Nirmiti , Satwani Vinita , Pranav  , Mobin Shaikh M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are carbon‐based nanomaterials that have garnered immense attention owing to their exceptional photophysical and optoelectronic properties. They have been employed extensively for biomedical imaging and phototherapy due to their superb water dispersibility, low toxicity, outstanding biocompatibility, and exceptional tissue permeability. This review summarizes the structural classification of CDs, the classification of CDs according to precursor sources, and the luminescence mechanism of CDs. The modification in CDs via various doping routes is comprehensively reviewed, and the effect of such alterations on their photophysical properties, such as absorbance, photoluminescence (PL), and reactive oxygen species generation ability, is also highlighted. This review strives to summarize the role of CDs in cellular imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging for cellular metabolism. Subsequently, recent advancements and the future potential of CDs as nanotheranostic agents have been discussed. Herein, we have discussed the role of CDs in photothermal, photodynamic, and synergistic therapy of anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial applications. The overall summary of the review highlights the prospects of CD‐based research in bioimaging and biomedicine.
Oxygen Consumption in Filamentous Pellets of Aspergillus niger: Microelectrode Measurements and Modeling
Authors: Deffur Charlotte , Dinius Anna , Pagel Julian , Müller Henri , Schmideder Stefan , Briesen Heiko , Krull Rainer 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFilamentous fungi cultivated as biopellets are well established in biotechnology industries. A distinctive feature of filamentous fungi is that hyphal growth and fungal morphology affect product titers and require tailored process conditions. Within the pellet, mass transfer, substrate consumption, and biomass formation are intricately linked to the local hyphal fraction and pellet size. This study combined oxygen concentration measurements with microelectrode profiling and three‐dimensional X‐ray microtomography measurements of the same fungal pellets for the first time. This allowed for the precise correlation of micromorphological information with local oxygen concentrations of two Aspergillus niger strains (hyperbranching and regular branching). The generated results showed that the identified oxygen‐penetrated outer pellet regions exhibited a depth of 90–290 µm, strain‐specific, with the active part percentage in the pellet ranging from 18% to 69%, without any difference between strains. Using a 1D continuum diffusion consumption model, the oxygen concentration in the pellets was computed depending on the local hyphal fraction. The best simulation results were achieved by individually estimating the oxygen‐related biomass yield coefficient of the consumption term within each examined pellet, with an average estimated value of 1.95 (± 0.72) kg biomass per kg oxygen. The study lays the foundation for understanding oxygen supply in fungal pellets and optimizing processes and pellet morphologies accordingly.
The Correlation Between the Natural Course, Pathologic Properties With Ki‐67 Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Ground‐Glass Nodules
Authors: Huang Shaohui , Zhou Huanhuan , Lin Chenchen , Wang Ziqi , Shen Lijun , Sun Ya , Wei Meihui , Xu Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaoju 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith the increasing use of lung cancer screening, the detection of ground glass nodules (GGNs) has risen. However, the natural course of GGNs and their relationship to pathologic features remains unclear. Differentiating between invasive and pre‐invasive lesions based on GGN growth may improve clinical intervention timing. Ki‐67, a proliferation marker, holds value in assessing tumor malignancy. This study analyzes the association between GGN growth, pathology, and Ki‐67 expression to provide new insights into early‐stage lung cancer management.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 183 GGNs with at least two preoperative CT scans. Nodule location, type, natural course, and volume doubling time (VDT) were compared between invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) and pre‐IAC groups. We also assessed differences in Ki‐67 expression and correlated VDT with Ki‐67 levels.ResultsA total of 183 nodules were finally included; gender, nodule location, smoking history, and duration of follow‐up did not differ between the IAC group and the pre‐IAC group, whereas age was statistically different between the two groups. Of the 183 nodules, 52 showed growth and the predominant pathologic type was IAC, these IACs showed more PSN in nodule type, while the IAC group showed more significant differences in nodule type, nodules growth, and VDT than the pre‐IAC group. There were also differences in pathologic type and VDT between different Ki‐67 expression groups, and Ki‐67 expression gradually increased as VDT decreased.ConclusionLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) presenting as GGNs exhibit distinct natural courses among pathologic subtypes. VDT effectively distinguishes these growth characteristics, with IACs showing shorter VDT. The significant correlation between VDT and Ki‐67 expression suggests that combining these parameters may provide valuable insights into the biological behavior and invasiveness of LUAD.
A qualitative report on metacognitive training (MCT) for people with schizophrenia
Authors: Acuña Vanessa , Guerra María , Toledo Orlando , Cobaisse Matías , Silva Javier , Cavieres Álvaro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveMetacognitive training (MCT) for psychosis is a psychological intervention that blends cognitive behavioural therapy and psychoeducation. Several published systematic reviews and meta‐analyses have provided robust evidence of its efficacy. However, patients' opinions regarding the intervention or their own perception of the changes achieved have been overlooked. This study synthesises the first‐person reports of people with schizophrenia who completed MCT at the Hospital Del Salvador de Valparaiso.MethodsThis study employed a qualitative methodology. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with patients who completed MCT. The interviews were reliably transcribed, and a content analysis was performed.ResultsAll the participants interviewed were positive about MCT, highlighting improvements in various aspects and emphasising factors that contributed to the changes achieved. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: Sowing the seeds of doubt; Significant changes in MCT attendees; Community formation; and What the MCT needs to improve.ConclusionsThe results provide an in‐depth report on MCT from the users' perspective and allow reflection on new outcomes to be studied in the future, with quantitative and qualitative methods.
Bismuth Bound to Transition Metals: Visible‐Light‐Induced Olefin Coordination, Reductive Elimination, and Oxidative Addition
Authors: Ramler Jacqueline , Geist Felix , Mihm Cornelius , Lubczyk Lukas , Reith Sascha , Herok Christoph , Fantuzzi Felipe , Lichtenberg Crispin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA series of dibenzobismepinyl (C14H10Bi) substituted transition metal complexes of the type [(C14H10Bi)M(CO)x(L)] (M=Mn, Co, Fe) was prepared in salt elimination reactions from a halobismepine and sodium metallates. Irradiation of these complexes with visible light has been investigated, aiming at the elimination of one carbonyl ligand and the concomitant coordination of the bismepine's olefin moiety to the transition metal center. The resulting complexes of the type [{κ2C,κ1Bi‐(C14H10)Bi}M(CO)x−1(L)] (M=Co, Fe) have been isolated and fully characterized. When two dibenzobismepinyl units are positioned in the coordination sphere of an iron carbonyl complex fragment, reductive elimination/oxidative addition events of the dibismuthane (C14H10Bi)2 have been shown to be relevant. The analytical techniques applied in this work include (heteronuclear) NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and (TD)‐DFT calculations.