bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmer adaptation and maladaptation in the face of extreme weather events
Authors: Vargas-Lopez Adrian , Koessler Ann-Kathrin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the advent of climate change, extreme weather events have become increasingly frequent and intense, posing significant challenges to agricultural systems worldwide. Farmers are among the most vulnerable groups, whose livelihoods depend heavily on weather-sensitive crops. In this paper, we assess whether farmers adapt or maladapt after being exposed to extreme weather events and whether their perceived well-being determines their decisions. By analysing data about the farming practices and conditions of 970 farmers in Thailand, we examine the actions farmers implement, which can be catalogued as adaptation or maladaptation actions. Although our results cannot specify an increase in adaptation or maladaptation actions after experiencing an extreme weather event, we reveal a notable rise in maladaptation with state aid for natural disasters. Similarly, we find that risk tolerance correlates with increased adaptation, while higher patience offsets this effect.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a biomarker for clinical response after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Keret Shiri , Kaly Lisa , Schett George , Bergmann Christina , Feldman Erik , Zuckerman Tsila , Yehudai-Ofir Dana , Shouval Aniela , Awisat Abid , Rosner Itzhak , Rozenbaum Michael , Boulman Nina , Sawaed Alaa , Hardak Emilia , Henes Jörg , Slobodin Gleb , Rimar Doron 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
SSc is a complex disease that affects various target organs, making it difficult to assess response and determine remission or relapse. A baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) &gt;2.95 is associated with severe progressive skin and lung disease and decreased 5-year survival in SSc. However, it is unknown whether NLR changes in response to treatment. To retrospectively evaluate NLR changes as a biomarker for treatment response in SSc.

Methods
Progressive diffuse SSc patients who were treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT group), with combination therapy of rituximab and MMF (combination group) or chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell (CAR-T) therapy group, were recruited along with healthy controls (HC group). NLR, modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) and forced vital capacity (FVC)% predicted were repeatedly assessed over 2 years.

Results
Fifteen patients were recruited in the AHSCT group, 15 in the combination group and 6 patients in the CAR-T group. Baseline mean NLR was high (&gt;2.95) in AHSCT, combination groups and CAR-T compared with HC. All treatment arms showed a statistically significant decrease in mRSS values and an increase in FVC% at each time point up to 12 months. In a linear mixed model, NLR significantly decreased up to 24 months only in the AHSCT group. NLR correlated with mRSS and FVC exclusively in the AHSCT group. NLR increased above 3 in two patients who experienced a relapse after AHSCT.

Conclusion
NLR is a simple biomarker that correlated with outcome measures in SSc following AHSCT but not with conventional therapy or CAR-T therapy. It is suggested that a decrease in NLR following AHSCT may indicate remission, whereas an increase may be associated with exacerbation. Further research is needed to validate these novel findings.
Looking beyond sleep duration in understanding obesity risk in adolescents: the role of circadian timing and misalignment on adolescent dietary outcomes, physical activity, and body mass index
Authors: Duraccio Kara McRae , Lee Lindsey , Wright Isabella D , Kamhout Sarah , Boris Nathan , Zhang Victoria , Wilkins Isaac 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study evaluated the differences in obesity-related outcomes across multiple adolescent sleep health domains, including circadian misalignment (CM), circadian timing, and sleep duration.

Methods
53 adolescents (aged 14–18; body mass index [BMI] percentile &lt; 95%; 53.7% female) completed a cross-sectional study that included baseline assessment of height; weight; demographics; and 10 days assessment of sleep, physical activity, and dietary outcomes. Sleep duration, sleep timing, and physical activity data were collected from all participants using wrist-worn and waist-worn actigraphs. Dietary intake was measured using the Automated Self-Administered 24 Hours dietary recalls on 3 randomized days. Circadian timing was measured using dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), and CM was calculated as the distance of time between DLMO and the average sleep onset time. Participants were categorized into groups (early vs late circadian timing, aligned vs misaligned circadian timing, and adequate sleep vs short sleep), and differences in dietary outcomes, physical activity, and BMI were analyzed using t-tests.

Results
Adolescents with later DLMO (M = 21:30 ± 1:11) had 0.63 higher BMI and 0.47% less averaged daily percent fat consumption than adolescents with early DLMO. Adolescents with CM (M = 1:42 ± 1:06) consumed 451.77 more averaged daily kcal consumption compared with those with circadian alignment. No statistically significant differences were found in any obesity-related outcome between sleep duration groups.

Conclusions
Our cross-sectional findings indicate that focusing on sleep timing and circadian alignment, beyond sleep duration, may promote better health outcomes for healthy adolescents. The findings of this study could enhance sleep education and inform clinical models for prevention efforts for pediatric obesity.
Could the Decisions of Quasi-Judicial Institutions be Predicted by Machine Learning Techniques?
Authors: Sert Mehmet Fatih , Yildirim Engin , Çaliş Şuayyip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the extent to which the conclusion of a decision can be predicted from other parts of the decision from quasi-judicial institutions using machine learning. Predicting conclusions in quasi-judicial bodies poses unique challenges and opportunities because the case pool is smaller and less diversified than that of judicial bodies. The European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR), one of the quasi-judicial organizations, was chosen as the research’s focus point to address this difficulty. All ECSR decisions on collective complaints are used as data and analysed using four distinct machine-learning methods. Despite the limited data from fewer rulings by quasi-judicial entities such as the ECSR, the analysis correctly predicts their conclusions with reasonable accuracy. It is suggested that applications for collective complaints can be made more effective, efficient, and successful by picking the model with the highest prediction accuracy using machine learning techniques.
Factor 3 regulates airway engraftment by human bronchial basal cells
Authors: Reynolds Susan D , Hill Cynthia L , Alsudayri Alfahdah , Stack Jacob T , Shontz Kimberly M , Carraro Gianni , Stripp Barry R , Chiang Tendy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene editing and transplantation of CFTR-gene corrected airway basal cells has the potential to cure CF lung disease. Although mouse studies established that cell transplantation was feasible, the engraftment rate was typically low and frequently less than the estimated therapeutic threshold. The purpose of this study was to identify genes and culture conditions that regulate the therapeutic potential of human bronchial basal cells. Factor 3 (F3, Tissue Factor 1) is a component of the extrinsic coagulation pathway and activates a cascade of proteases that convert fibrinogen to fibrin. Based on reports that F3 was necessary for human basal cell survival and adhesion in vitro, the present study evaluated F3 as a potential determinant of therapeutic fitness. The gene expression profile of F3 mRNA-positive human bronchial basal cells was evaluated by scRNAseq and the impact of the lung environment on F3 expression was modeled by varying in vitro culture conditions. F3 necessity for adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation was determined by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) of the F3 gene. Finally, the impact of F3 manipulation on engraftment was determined by orthotropic co-transplantation of wild-type and F3-KO cells into the airways of immunocompromised mice. In contrast with the hypothesis that F3 increases the therapeutic fitness of basal cells, F3 expression decreased engraftment. These studies guide the ongoing development of cellular therapies by showing that in vitro assessments may not predict therapeutic potential and that the lung milieu influences the functional properties of transplanted bronchial basal cells.
Seasonal and diurnal variations in leaf aroma volatiles of Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.—Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm as evidenced from metabolite profiling, histochemical and ultrastructural analyses
Authors: Saha Sulagna , Mitra Adinpunya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Though the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala is extensively employed in culinary applications due to its rich aroma and therapeutic properties, the produce exhibits variability in composition and contents of leaf essential oil due to fluctuations in climatic conditions and harvesting time. This work evaluated the impact of seasonal and diurnal variations on the composition and contents of aroma volatiles in the mature leaves of C. tamala. In summer, the profile of aroma volatile was dominated by phenylpropanoids (112.96 ± 24.11 μg g–1 of freeze-dried [FD] leaf tissue) while in winter monoterpenes (58.45 ± 8.194 μg g–1 of FD leaf tissue) acquired the dominance. The variability in the contents of primary metabolites was shown to be influenced by the harvesting season and time. Organic acids and sugars showed highest accumulation in leaves harvested during summer evening and winter morning, respectively. Histochemical study showed the presence of lipids and terpenes in the secretory cells as revealed through sudan III and NaDi staining. The ontogeny of secretory oil cells that accumulate essential oil were elucidated through ultrastructural study.
Abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired social recognition memory in two neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia
Authors: Dong Yibei , Fu Chuxian , Zhang Ting , Dong Feiyuan , Zhu Xinyi , Jiang Yingke , Hu Linbo , Pan Luhui , Li Jiawen , Zhang Xiaoqin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by cognitive impairments, specifically deficits in social recognition memory (SRM). Abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in these deficits. Due to the pathogenetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia, studying the hippocampal neurogenesis and SRM in two models with prenatal and postnatal defects could enhance our understanding of the developmental aspects of the biological susceptibility to schizophrenia. Here, we examined SRM and hippocampal neurogenesis in two developmental models of schizophrenia: gestational exposure to methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) and postweaning social isolation (SI). Our findings revealed that gestational MAM exposure induced a decay of social memory while postweaning SI led to impaired social memory formation and decay. In both models, we observed a correlation between impaired SRM and reduced number, and abnormal differentiation and less complex morphology of hippocampal neurons. These results indicate that aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis may contribute to the deficits of SRM in both models, and these abnormalities may be a shared underlying pathogenic factor in developmental models of schizophrenia, regardless of prenatal and postnatal pathogenesis.
Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Contraception, Pregnancy, and Pregnancy Termination Rates
Authors: Solomon Matthew D. , Zaritsky Eve F. , Warton Margaret , Millman Andrea , Huynh Ashley , Chinnakotla Bharathi , Reed Mary E. 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its elimination of cost sharing on contraception utilization, pregnancy rates, and abortion rates.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study within a health care system serving more than 4.5 million insured members across 21 medical centers and 250 clinics. The study included women aged 18–45 years with continuous health plan membership for at least 2 years in the pre-ACA (2007–2012) and post-ACA (2013–2018) periods. We analyzed out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for contraception, including oral contraceptives and long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), before and after the ACA's implementation. We then examined how the elimination of OOP costs affected contraception use, pregnancy rates, and abortion rates.

RESULTS:
The study identified 1,523,962 women of childbearing age. In 2013, cost sharing for contraception sharply declined, with average annual OOP costs dropping from $88–94 pre-ACA to nearly zero post-ACA. Contraceptive use increased overall, rising from 30.2% pre-ACA to 31.9% by the study's end, with a notable rise in LARC use. In interrupted time-series analyses, contraception use continued to increase post-ACA, new pregnancy rates declined at a faster rate than pre-ACA, and abortion rates continued to fall, though at a slightly slower pace than pre-ACA (P<.05 for all trends).

CONCLUSION:
The ACA's elimination of contraception cost sharing led to increased contraception use, particularly LARC methods, and contributed to declines in both pregnancy and abortion rates. This suggests that improving access to effective contraception is a key strategy in reducing unintended pregnancies.
Body Mass Index is Related to Femoral Anteversion, Hip Rotation During Gait, and Passive Hip Range of Motion in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Dobler Florian , Engler Laura , Lengnick Harald , Cip Johannes , Alexander Nathalie 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Overweight and obesity are major global health issues, often linked to orthopaedic problems, skeletal malalignments, and altered gait biomechanics. However, skeletal and biomechanical adaptions in the transverse plane remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and variables describing lower extremity torsional profiles, hip rotation mobility, and transverse plane gait characteristics in children and adolescents.

Methods:
Acetabular and femoral anteversion, tibial torsion (measured through computed tomography), hip and knee rotation, and foot progression angles during the stance phase of gait (measured by 3D gait analysis), as well as passive hip rotation range of motion (evaluated as the midpoint of hip rotation in clinical examination), were retrospectively analyzed in 122 children and adolescents. Correlations between all variables and logit-transformed BMI percentiles were calculated.

Results:
Moderate correlations were found between BMI percentile and hip rotation during the stance phase (r=-0.68, P<0.001), the passive midpoint of hip rotation (r=-0.51, P<0.001), and femoral anteversion (r=-0.50, P<0.001). Small correlations were observed for acetabular anteversion (r=-0.36, P<0.001), knee rotation during stance phase (r=0.34, P<0.001), and foot progression angle during stance phase (r=-0.31, P<0.001). Tibial torsion showed a nonsignificant negligible relationship with BMI percentile (r=-0.26, P=0.004).

Conclusion:
BMI percentile was positively correlated with external hip rotation during the stance phase of gait and passive external hip rotation, and negatively correlated with femoral anteversion. These findings suggest abnormal body weight is associated with static and dynamic biomechanical alterations. Therefore, weight management should be considered in orthopaedic assessments and treatment planning for children and adolescents.
Cervical Laminoplasty is Associated With Lower Health Care Costs as Compared With Cervical Fusion Procedures
Authors: Baumann Anthony N. , Anaspure Omkar , Patel Shiv , Kermanshahi Nazanin , Yoder R. Garrett , Conry Keegan T. , Preston Gordon , Hoffmann Jacob C. 
Published: November 2024

Study Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to examine the cost of CLP versus CF stratified by approach to guide decision-making.

Summary of Background Data:
Cervical laminoplasty (CLP) and cervical fusion (CF) are viable alternatives for surgical management of cervical spine myelopathy, with no clear consensus on clinical superiority. However, despite clinical equivalence in patient outcomes, there is limited data on the relative costs between CLP and CF.

Methods:
This study searched PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria were articles that examined the cost between CLP and any type of CF (stratified by anterior, posterior, or combined approach). A random-effects continuous model for meta-analysis was performed using standardized mean difference (SMD).

Results:
Eleven articles were included. Patients (n = 21,033) had an average age of 56.0 ± 3.6 years and underwent either CLP (n = 4364), posterior CF (n = 3529), anterior CF (n = 13,084), or combined CF (n = 56). The mean reported cost among patients who underwent CLP (n=3742) was significantly lower compared with patients who underwent CF (n = 6329), irrespective of the approach for CF (P = 0.028; SMD = −2.965). For subgroup analysis by surgical approach, the mean reported cost among patients treated with CLP was significantly lower as compared with patients treated with posterior CF (P = 0.013; SMD = −1.861) and anterior CF (P < 0.001; SMD = −0.344). Patients who underwent CLP had a significantly lower mean hardware cost than patients who underwent posterior CF (P < 0.001; SMD = −3.275).

Conclusions:
CLP appears to be associated with statistically significant and clinically relevant lower reported costs than CF, irrespective of the approach based on meta-analysis of low or moderate-quality retrospective studies. CLP may also have lower reported costs than both posterior CF and anterior CF.

Level of Evidence:
IV.
SYMPTOMATIC MIGRATION OF SILICONE OIL TO THE VENTRICULAR SYSTEM
Authors: Nery Breno , Vieira Da Silva Rayssa Rocha , Fontes Costa Araújo Rafael Emanuel , De Souza Faria Giovana , Cestari Isabela Grozza , Souto Fernandes Thayná Dantas , Brandão Paganini Ana Carolina , Alves De Oliveira Souza Laura Maria , Ferreira Braga João Pedro , De Sousa Filho Leonardo Braz , De Sousa Segundo José Alencar , Vasconcelos Júnior Huber Martins 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The objective of this article is to report a case of silicone oil migration into intraocular packing in cases of retinal detachment, while reviewing the existing literature on the various mechanisms and locations of this migration. However, it is important to highlight that the use of this material is not free from complications.

Method:
This article is a case report with a literature review. The information was obtained through a review of the medical record, interview and photographic record of the patient's diagnostic methods. PubMed was used as a database to perform the search for selected articles and literature review, selecting articles published from the year 2016.

Results/discussion:
The exact mechanism of migration of intraocular silicone oil to the central nervous system is still unclear, being a rare complication that may be related to several factors. We report a case in which the patient underwent vitrectomy surgery and, after several years, presented a complication related to the migration of intraocular silicone oil to the right frontal horn and third ventricle, causing headache. Conclusion: Knowledge about migration of intraocular silicone oil into the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely important, since it manifests itself in several clinical and radiological findings, which can lead to incorrect diagnoses. Thus, it is suggested the follow- up of the patient after introduction of silicone oil to avoid complications that threaten results.
Case report: A Unique Case of Brainstem Anesthesia and Contralateral Amaurosis Following a Sub-Tenon Block
Authors: Lu Melissa , Al Kaabi Mohammed , Xin-Ya Qian Cynthia 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
To report and discuss a case of brainstem anesthesia and contralateral amaurosis following a sub-Tenon block.

Methods:
Single surgical case report of a patient who underwent an uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy for an epiretinal membrane peel in the left eye following a sub-Tenon anesthesia technique.

Results:
Post-operatively, the patient experienced symptoms of brainstem anesthesia as well as akinesia, a non-reactive pupil, and reduced visual acuity in the contralateral eye which gradually resolved within 24 hours. Imaging was within normal limits and did not reveal any anatomic abnormalities.

Conclusion:
Despite the use of a blunt-ended cannula in a sub-Tenon block, there is a non-negligible risk of it penetrating surrounding structures such as the optic nerve sheath. This case emphasizes the importance of monitoring for brainstem anesthesia and contralateral eye affections in patients both intra- and post-operatively.
The use of artificial intelligence in colonoscopic evaluations
Authors: Khalaf Kareem , Rizkala Tommy , Repici Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to highlight the transformative impact of artificial intelligence in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy, particularly in the detection and characterization of colorectal polyps.

Recent findings
Over the past decade, artificial intelligence has significantly advanced the medical industry, including gastrointestinal endoscopy. Computer aided diagnosis - detection (CADe) systems have shown notable success in increasing ADR. Recent meta-analyses of RCTs have demonstrated that patients undergoing colonoscopy with CADe assistance had a higher ADR compared with conventional methods. Similarly, computer aided diagnosis - characterization (CADx) systems have proven effective in distinguishing between adenomatous and nonadenomatous polyps, enhancing diagnostic confidence and supporting cost-saving measures like the resect-and-discard strategy. Despite the high performance of these systems, the variability in real-world adoption highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence as an assistive tool rather than a replacement for human expertise.

Summary
Artificial intelligence integration in colonoscopy, through CADe and CADx systems, marks a significant advancement in gastroenterology. These systems enhance lesion detection and characterization, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy, training outcomes, and clinical workflow efficiency. While artificial intelligence offers substantial benefits, the optimal approach involves using artificial intelligence to augment the expertise of endoscopists, ensuring that clinical decisions remain under human oversight.