bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doppler and oscillometric mean blood pressure best represent direct blood pressure measurements in anesthetized rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Kang Stacey Carol , Jampachaisri Katechan , Pacharinsak Cholawat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndirect blood pressure measurements are often used to guide clinical decisions, but few studies have verified their agreement with direct arterial blood pressure in nonhuman primates. Here, the accuracy and precision of Doppler (DOP) and oscillometric (OS) [systolic (OSsys), mean (OSmean), and diastolic (OSdias)] blood pressure readings were assessed in rhesus macaques.MethodsDOP and OS were utilized to measure blood pressure values in nine anesthetized rhesus macaques, which were compared to direct measurements via a saphenous arterial catheter. All measurements were taken simultaneously every 5 min for 60‐240 min.ResultsDOP and OSsys underestimated direct systolic arterial pressure with a bias ± precision of 10.21 ± 6.37 mmHg and 11.67 ± 11.55 mmHg, respectively. OSmean correlated well with direct mean arterial pressure with a bias ± precision of 7.25 ± 7.35 mmHg.ConclusionsDOP provided the better representation of systolic blood pressure, and OSmean provided a useful representation of mean arterial pressure in anesthetized rhesus macaques.
Clinical efficacy of herbal extract cream on the skin hydration, elasticity, thickness, and dermis density for aged skin: A randomized controlled double‐blind study
Authors: Roh Seok Seon , Choi Inhwa , Kim Hyung‐Min , Lee Myeong Soo , Jin Mu‐Hyun , Kim Byung Hyun , Hwang Seung‐Jin , Kim Min Hee 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundTraditional medicine herbal prescriptions used for the treatment of skin disease have been developed into cosmetics. Sang‐Hyul‐Yun‐Boo‐Em (SHYBE) is a mixed herbal formula prescribed for patients with yin or blood deficiency patterns of skin disease. A previous study reported that SHYBE exercises anti‐allergic and anti‐inflammatory effects. To date, no study has reported the efficacy of cosmetics containing the SHYBE extract.AimsTo observe the efficacy of SHYBE extract cream on hydration, elasticity, thickness, and dermis density in aged skin.MethodsThis was a double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled parallel‐group trial. The trial consisted of an 8‐week topical application of the test or placebo products with two visits at 4‐week intervals. A total of 46 healthy Korean females, aged 40‐59, were enrolled in this study. Objective skin assessments for hydration, elasticity, thickness and dermis density, self‐assessment, and safety assessment were conducted.ResultsSang‐Hyul‐Yun‐Boo‐Em extract cream improved skin hydration, elasticity, and dermal density in Asian middle‐aged females compared with placebo cream, which excluded SHYBE extract and contained other cosmetic materials.ConclusionsSang‐Hyul‐Yun‐Boo‐Em extract cream showed anti‐aging properties in middle‐aged women. It could be recommended for aging skin with dryness, and loss of elasticity and density.
Global periorbital skin rejuvenation by a topical eye cream containing low molecular weight heparan sulfate (LMW‐HS) and a blend of naturally derived extracts
Authors: Colvan Lora , Fleck Tina , Vega Virginia L. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundMaintaining a youthful appearance is a priority for many people. Global eye rejuvenation is sought more frequently and at a younger age than other treatments. Major concerns around the eye area are periorbital hyperpigmentation, puffiness, and lines and wrinkles. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex carbohydrates that modulate skin health, repair and renew skin's appearance. Heparan sulfate (HS) is the most biologically active GAG, although it is too large and polar to penetrate the skin. Low Molecular Weight Heparan Sulfate (LMW‐HS) is a smaller version of HS designed for skin penetration while preserving its activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of a topical eye cream containing LMW‐HS and a blend of naturally derived extracts to address global periorbital rejuvenation.MethodA single‐center, open‐label study including female and male subjects (n = 15) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an eye cream containing LMW‐HS and a blend of naturally derived extracts applied twice daily for 12 weeks.ResultsImprovements in the appearance of periorbital hyperpigmentation and fine and coarse wrinkles were observed as early as week 2 with continuous improvement up to 12 weeks. Decrease in puffiness (73%) and dark circles (93%) were reported by subjects. The test product was highly rated by subjects on performance and attributes and was well tolerated by all the subjects in this study.ConclusionResults demonstrated that an eye cream containing LMW‐HS and a blend of naturally derived extracts achieved global skin rejuvenation by improving appearance of periorbital hyperpigmentation, puffiness, and fine and coarse wrinkles.
Effectiveness and safety of hyaluronic acid fillers used to enhance overall lip fullness: A systematic review of clinical studies
Authors: Stojanovič Larisa , Majdič Neža 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe majority of aesthetic treatments today are nonsurgical or minimally invasive aesthetic procedures. Soft‐tissue augmentation with hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of them. Lip fullness and definition are key aesthetic factors associated with attractiveness, which is the reason that lip augmentation with HA fillers has become so popular.ObjectiveTo provide a systematic review of published medical literature on the effectiveness and safety of different HA fillers used to enhance overall lip fullness.Methods and materialsThe literature search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twenty‐two studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, 9 of them with level of evidence (LOE) 1b (randomized controlled trials), 1 with LOE 2b (individual cohort study), and 12 with LOE 4 (case series, poor‐quality cohort, and case‐control studies). A total number of subjects included in all studies were 3965.ResultsHyaluronic acid fillers turned out to be an effective and safe treatment. The assessment methods (especially for efficacy) varied greatly from one study to another. Observed responses to the treatment in studies using different lip fullness scales varied between 71% and 93.2%. The most common adverse events were local reactions at the injection sites (swelling, contusion, bruising, pain, redness, and itching).ConclusionBased on the results of the studies included in this systematic review, HA fillers are effective and safe to use. The majority of included subjects were satisfied with the result and their looks.
Mon2 predicts poor outcome in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Shantsila E. , Ghattas A. , Griffiths H. R. , Lip G. Y. H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsThere are limited data on the role of human monocyte subsets in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The study aimed to establish the relationship between monocyte subsets, their phagocytic and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activity and outcomes in STEMI.MethodsMonocyte subsets and their phagocytic activity and intracellular levels of inhibitory κB kinase β (IKKβ, marker of NFκB activity) were measured by flow cytometry in 245 patients with STEMI, median follow‐up of 46 months.ResultsMon2 (CD14++CD16+CCR2+) counts were independently predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) [4th quartile HR 3.42 (95% CI 1.43–8.16), P = 0.006 and 3rd quartile HR 2.88 (95% CI 1.19–7.00), P = 0.02 vs. 1st quartile]. Mon2 subset was the only subset associated with higher occurrence of heart failure (4th quartile vs. 1st quartile, sevenfold, P = 0.001 on univariate analysis; fivefold, P = 0.04 on multivariable analysis). On receiver operating characteristic, analysis including of Mon2 improved prognostic value of troponin T and creatine kinase for MACE and heart failure (HF). Higher intracellular Mon2 IKKβ levels were associated with 10‐fold lower occurrence of HF on multivariable analysis (4th vs. 1st quartiles, P = 0.03). Abnormal Mon1 and Mon2 phagocytic capacities were related to HF development, but the association was dependent on the infarct size and other prognosticators. High Mon2 levels were associated with lower ejection fraction after STEMI onset (P = 0.001) and at 6‐month follow‐up (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAbnormal Mon2 characteristics have a unique association with poor outcome in patients with STEMI. The relation of Mon2 with occurrence of HF is strongly and independently related to their functional status, which may have potential therapeutic implications.
MRI Features Associated with TERT Promoter Mutation Status in Glioblastoma
Authors: Ivanidze Jana , Lum Mark , Pisapia David , Magge Rajiv , Ramakrishna Rohan , Kovanlikaya Ilhami , Fine Howard A. , Chiang Gloria C. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETelomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations are associated with worse prognosis in glioblastoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether TERT mutation status was associated with specific morphologic and quantitative imaging features.METHODSTwenty‐nine patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2‐wildtype glioblastoma (13 TERT‐wildtype, 16 TERT‐mutated), who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were included in this retrospective study. Qualitative imaging phenotypes were evaluated using the Visually Accessible Rembrandt Images (VASARIs) feature set. Histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR perfusion values were performed on enhancing tumor volumes‐of‐interest, and differences between TERT‐wildtype and TERT‐mutated tumors were assessed.RESULTSVASARI analysis demonstrated that the majority of morphologic features were not significantly different between TERT‐wildtype and TERT‐mutated tumors, although a higher proportion of TERT‐wildtype tumors featured nonenhancing tumor crossing midline (P = .014). TERT‐mutated tumors demonstrated lower median rate constant kep (.38 vs. .76, P = .03) and lower median volume transfer coefficient Ktrans (.13 vs. .31, P = .02). There was no significant difference in median plasma volume vp (P = .92) or ADC values (P = .66) between the two groups. We further found a significant interaction between median kep and Ktrans and TERT status, respectively, suggesting greater risk of death with increasing blood‐brain barrier dysfunction in TERT‐mutated but not in TERT‐wildtype tumors.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates evidence of altered permeability metrics associated with TERT mutation in glioblastoma, laying the foundation for future prospective studies assessing implications for therapeutic management and clinical outcomes.
Treatment with direct‐acting antivirals for HCV decreases but does not eliminate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Piñero Federico , Mendizabal Manuel , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Herz Wolff Fernando , Ameigeiras Beatriz , Anders Margarita , Schinoni María Isabel , Reggiardo Virginia , Palazzo Ana , Videla María , Alonso Cristina , Santos Luisa , Varón Adriana , Figueroa Sebastián , Vistarini Cecilia , Adrover Raúl , Fernández Nora , Perez Daniela , Tanno Federico , Hernández Nelia , Sixto Marcela , Borzi Silvia , Bruno Andres , Cocozzella Daniel , Soza Alejandro , Descalzi Valeria , Estepo Claudio , Zerega Alina , de Araujo Alexandre , Cheinquer Hugo , Silva Marcelo ,   LALREAN
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsData from Europe and North America have been published regarding the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after treatment with direct antiviral agents (DAA). We proposed to evaluate cumulative incidence and associated risk factors for de novo HCC.MethodsThis was a prospective multicentre cohort study from Latin America including 1400 F1‐F4‐treated patients with DAAs (F3‐F4 n = 1017). Cox proportional regression models (hazard ratios, HR and 95% CI) were used to evaluate independent associated variables with HCC. Further adjustment with competing risk regression and propensity score matching was carried out.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 16 months (IQR 8.9‐23.4 months) since DAAs initiation, overall cumulative incidence of HCC was 0.02 (CI 0.01; 0.03) at 12 months and 0.04 (CI 0.03; 0.06) at 24 months. Cumulative incidence of HCC in cirrhotic patients (n = 784) was 0.03 (CI 0.02‐0.05) at 12 months and 0.06 (CI 0.04‐0.08) at 24 months of follow‐up. Failure to achieve SVR was independently associated with de novo HCC with a HR of 4.9 (CI 1.44; 17.32), after adjusting for diabetes mellitus, previous interferon non‐responder, Child‐Pugh and clinically significant portal hypertension. SVR presented an overall relative risk reduction for de novo HCC of 73% (CI 15%‐91%), 17 patients were needed to be treated to prevent one case of de novo HCC in this cohort.ConclusionsAchieving SVR with DAA regimens was associated with a significant risk reduction in HCC. However, this risk remained high in patients with advanced fibrosis, thus demanding continuous surveillance strategies in this population.
How many came home? Evaluating ex situ conservation of green turtles in the Cayman Islands
Authors: Barbanti Anna , Martin Clara , Blumenthal Janice M. , Boyle Jack , Broderick Annette C. , Collyer Lucy , Ebanks‐Petrie Gina , Godley Brendan J. , Mustin Walter , Ordóñez Víctor , Pascual Marta , Carreras Carlos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEx situ management is an important conservation tool that allows the preservation of biological diversity outside natural habitats while supporting survival in the wild. Captive breeding followed by re‐introduction is a possible approach for endangered species conservation and preservation of genetic variability. The Cayman Turtle Centre Ltd was established in 1968 to market green turtle (Chelonia mydas) meat and other products and replenish wild populations, thought to be locally extirpated, through captive breeding. We evaluated the effects of this re‐introduction programmme using molecular markers (13 microsatellites, 800‐bp D‐loop and simple tandem repeat mitochondrial DNA sequences) from captive breeders (N = 257) and wild nesting females (N = 57) (sampling period: 2013–2015). We divided the captive breeders into three groups: founders (from the original stock), and then two subdivisions of F1 individuals corresponding to two different management strategies, cohort 1995 (“C1995”) and multicohort F1 (“MCF1”). Loss of genetic variability and increased relatedness was observed in the captive stock over time. We found no significant differences in diversity among captive and wild groups, and similar or higher levels of haplotype variability when compared to other natural populations. Using parentage and sibship assignment, we determined that 90% of the wild individuals were related to the captive stock. Our results suggest a strong impact of the re‐introduction programmme on the present recovery of the wild green turtle population nesting in the Cayman Islands. Moreover, genetic relatedness analyses of captive populations are necessary to improve future management actions to maintain genetic diversity in the long term and avoid inbreeding depression.
Contrasting evolutionary histories in Neotropical birds: Divergence across an environmental barrier in South America
Authors: Lavinia Pablo D. , Barreira Ana S. , Campagna Leonardo , Tubaro Pablo L. , Lijtmaer Darío A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAvian diversity in the Neotropics has been traditionally attributed to the effect of vicariant forces promoting speciation in allopatry. Recent studies have shown that phylogeographical patterns shared among codistributed species cannot be explained by a single vicariant event, as species responses to a common barrier depend on the biological attributes of each taxon. The open vegetation corridor (OVC) isolates Amazonia and the Andean forests from the Atlantic Forest, creating a notorious pattern of avian taxa that are disjunctly codistributed in these forests. Here, we studied and compared the evolutionary histories of Ramphotrigon megacephalum and Pipraeidea melanonota, two passerines with allopatric populations east and west of the OVC that represent different subspecies. These species differ in their biological attributes: R. megacephalum is a sedentary, forest specialist mostly confined to bamboo understorey, whereas P. melanonota is a seasonal migrant and generalist species that ranges in a variety of closed and semi‐open environments. We performed genetic and genomic analyses, complemented with the study of coloration and behavioural differentiation, to assess population divergence across the OVC. We found that the evolutionary histories of both R. megacephalum and P. melanonota have been shaped by this environmental barrier. However, these species responded in different and asynchronous manners to the establishment of the OVC and to past connections between the currently isolated South American forests, which can be mostly explained by their distinct ecologies and dispersal abilities. Our results support the fact that the biological attributes of species can make their evolutionary histories idiosyncratic.
Mummified and skeletal southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from the Victoria Land Coast, Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Koch Paul L. , Hall Brenda L. , de Bruyn Mark , Hoelzel A. Rus , Baroni Carlo , Salvatore M. Cristina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report on an accumulation of mummified southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Inexpressible Island on the Victoria Land Coast (VLC), western Ross Sea, Antarctica. This accumulation is unusual, as elephant seals typically breed and molt on sub‐Antarctic islands further north and do not currently occupy the VLC. Prior ancient DNA analyses revealed that these seals were part of a large, Antarctic breeding population that crashed ~1,000 yr ago. Radiocarbon dates for Inexpressible Island mummies range from 380 to 3,270 yr before present, too old to have been created by Scott's Northern Party in 1912 and varying too widely in age to represent a catastrophic death assemblage. Skeletal measurements reveal that most Inexpressible Island mummies are adult or subadult males. The presence of male elephant seals on Inexpressible Island until several hundred years ago suggests that, at a minimum, it served as a haul‐out site for the large Antarctic population and may have hosted a breeding colony. The conditions that allowed this Antarctic population to use the Ross Sea, the factors spurring its decline, and the implications for the adaptability and sensitivity of the species to environmental change all merit further study.
Haemoglobin variability and all‐cause mortality in haemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Lingfei , Hu Chenxia , Cheng Jun , Zhang Ping , Jiang Hua , Chen Jianghua 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAimHaemoglobin (Hb) variability has been reported to be associated with mortality in dialysis patients in some but not all studies. We aimed to establish the prognostic significance of Hb variability with all‐cause mortality in haemodialysis patients through this meta‐analysis.MethodsThe Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched for studies assessing the association between Hb variability and all‐cause mortality in haemodialysis patients after adjustment for other covariates.ResultsWe included three studies of five cohorts with a total of 262 641 patients. Forest plots showed that the combined hazard ratio for all‐cause mortality was 1.09 (95% CI = 1.01–1.08; P = 0.03) per 1 g/dL increase in Hb variability.ConclusionBased on the current evidence, our meta‐analysis found an association between Hb variability and all‐cause mortality in patients receiving haemodialysis therapy.
Exploring the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil carbon dynamics
Authors: Zak Donald R. , Pellitier Peter T. , Argiroff WilliamA. , Castillo Buck , James Timothy Y. , Nave Lucas E. , Averill Colin , Beidler Kaitlyn V. , Bhatnagar Jennifer , Blesh Jennifer , Classen Aimée T. , Craig Matthew , Fernandez Christopher W. , Gundersen Per , Johansen Renee , Koide Roger T. , Lilleskov Erik A. , Lindahl Björn D. , Nadelhoffer Knute J. , Phillips Richard P. , Tunlid Anders 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe extent to which ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi enable plants to access organic nitrogen (N) bound in soil organic matter (SOM) and transfer this growth‐limiting nutrient to their plant host, has important implications for our understanding of plant–fungal interactions, and the cycling and storage of carbon (C) and N in terrestrial ecosystems. Empirical evidence currently supports a range of perspectives, suggesting that ECM vary in their ability to provide their host with N bound in SOM, and that this capacity can both positively and negatively influence soil C storage. To help resolve the multiplicity of observations, we gathered a group of researchers to explore the role of ECM fungi in soil C dynamics, and propose new directions that hold promise to resolve competing hypotheses and contrasting observations. In this Viewpoint, we summarize these deliberations and identify areas of inquiry that hold promise for increasing our understanding of these fundamental and widespread plant symbionts and their role in ecosystem‐level biogeochemistry.
POLQ plays a key role in the repair of CRISPR/Cas9‐induced double‐stranded breaks in the moss Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Mara Kostlend , Charlot Florence , Guyon‐Debast Anouchka , Schaefer Didier G. , Collonnier Cécile , Grelon Mathilde , Nogué Fabien 
Published: January 2019

Summary

Double‐stranded breaks can be repaired by different mechanisms such as homologous recombination (HR), classical nonhomologous end joining (C‐NHEJ) and alternative end joining (Alt‐EJ). Polymerase Q (POLQ) has been proposed to be the main factor involved in Alt‐EJ‐mediated DNA repair.

Here we describe the role of POLQ in DNA repair and gene targeting in Physcomitrella patens. The disruption of the POLQ gene does not influence the genetic stability of P. patens nor its development.

The polq mutant shows the same sensitivity as wild‐type towards most of the genotoxic agents tested (ultraviolet (UV), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and cisplatin) with the notable exception of bleomycin for which it shows less sensitivity than the wild‐type. Furthermore, we show that POLQ is involved in the repair of CRISPR‐Cas9‐induced double‐stranded breaks in P. patens. We also demonstrate that POLQ is a potential competitor and/or inhibitor of the HR repair pathway.

This finding has a consequence in terms of genetic engineering, as in the absence of POLQ the frequency of gene targeting is significantly increased and the number of clean two‐sided HR‐mediated insertions is enhanced. Therefore, the control of POLQ activity in plants could be a useful strategy to optimize the tools of genome engineering for plant breeding.
Modelling water fluxes in plants: from tissues to biosphere
Authors: Mencuccini Maurizio , Manzoni Stefano , Christoffersen Bradley 
Published: January 2019

SummaryModels of plant water fluxes have evolved from studies focussed on understanding the detailed structure and functioning of specific components of the soil–plant–atmosphere (SPA) continuum to architectures often incorporated inside eco‐hydrological and terrestrial biosphere (TB) model schemes. We review here the historical evolution of this field, examine the basic structure of a simplified individual‐based model of plant water transport, highlight selected applications for specific ecological problems and conclude by examining outstanding issues requiring further improvements in modelling vegetation water fluxes. We particularly emphasise issues related to the scaling from tissue‐level traits to individual‐based predictions of water transport, the representation of nonlinear and hysteretic behaviour in soil–xylem hydraulics and the need to incorporate knowledge of hydraulics within broader frameworks of plant ecological strategies and their consequences for predicting community demography and dynamics.