bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Assessment of a Distally Fixed Lateral Extra-articular Augmentation Procedure in the Treatment of Anterolateral Rotational Laxity of the Knee
Authors: Devitt Brian M. , Lord Breck R. , Williams Andy , Amis Andrew A. , Feller Julian A. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Most lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) procedures rely on passing a strip of the iliotibial band (ITB) under the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament and fixing it proximally to the femur. The Ellison procedure is a distally fixed lateral extra-articular augmentation procedure with no proximal fixation of the ITB. It has the potential advantages of maintaining a dynamic element of control of knee rotation and avoiding the possibility of overconstraint. Hypothesis: The modified Ellison procedure would restore native knee kinematics after sectioning of the anterolateral capsule, and closure of the ITB defect would decrease rotational laxity of the knee. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were tested in a 6 degrees of freedom robotic system through 0° to 90° of knee flexion to assess anteroposterior, internal rotation (IR), and external rotation laxities. A simulated pivot shift (SPS) was performed at 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° of flexion. Kinematic testing was performed in the intact knee and anterolateral capsule–injured knee and after the modified Ellison procedure, with and without closure of the ITB defect. A novel pulley system was used to load the ITB at 30 N for all testing states. Statistical analysis used repeated measures analyses of variance and paired t tests with Bonferroni adjustments. Results: Sectioning of the anterolateral capsule increased anterior drawer and IR during isolated displacement and with the SPS (mean increase, 2° of IR; P < .05). The modified Ellison procedure reduced both isolated and coupled IR as compared with the sectioned state ( P < .05). During isolated testing, IR was reduced close to that of the intact state with the modified Ellison procedure, except at 30° of knee flexion, when it was slightly overconstrained. During the SPS, IR with the closed modified Ellison was less than that in the intact state at 15° and 30° of flexion. No significant differences in knee kinematics were seen between the ITB defect open and closed. Conclusion: A distally fixed lateral augmentation procedure can closely restore knee laxities to native values in an anterolateral capsule–sectioned knee. Although the modified Ellison did result in overconstraint to isolated IR and coupled IR during SPS, this occurred only in the early range of knee flexion. Closure of the ITB defect had no effect on knee kinematics. Clinical Relevance: A distally fixed lateral extra-articular augmentation procedure provides an alternative to a proximally fixed LET and can reduce anterolateral laxity in the anterolateral capsule–injured knee and restore kinematics close to the intact state.
Increased fasting small‐bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lam Ching , Sanders David S , Lanyon Peter , Garsed Klara , Foley Stephen , Pritchard Susan , Marciani Luca , Hoad Caroline L , Costigan Carolyn , Gowland Penny , Spiller Robin 
Published: June 2019

Background and aimsThe regular overnight migrating motor complex (MMC) ensures that the normal fasting small‐bowel water content (SBWC) is minimised. We have applied our recently validated non‐invasive magnetic resonance technique to assess SBWC in newly diagnosed coeliac disease (CD), scleroderma (SCD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), conditions possibly associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).MethodsA total of 20 CD and 15 SCD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were compared to 20 healthy volunteers (HV) and 26 IBS with diarrhoea (IBS‐D) patients, as previously reported. All underwent a fasting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan on a 1.5 T Philips Achieva MRI scanner to assess fasting SBWC and colonic volumes. Stool and symptom diaries were completed for one week.ResultsCompared to HV, all patients had significantly increased stool frequency and Bristol stool form score. SBWC was significantly increased in CD (median 109 mL; interquartile range (IQR) 53–224 mL) compared to HV (median 53 mL; IQR 31–98 mL; p < 0.01) and IBS‐D (median 42 mL; IQR 28–67 mL; p < 0.01). A variable increase in SBWC was also found in SCD (median 77 mL; IQR 39–158 mL), but this was not significant (p = 0.2). Colonic volumes were similar for all groups, being a median of 547 mL (IQR 442–786 mL) for CD, 511 mL (453–789 mL) for SCD, 612 mL (445–746 mL) for HV and 521 mL (428–757 mL) for IBS‐D. When CD patients were subdivided according to the Marsh classification, the higher grades had larger colonic volumes.ConclusionFasting SBWC as assessed by MRI is significantly increased in newly diagnosed CD and SCD but decreased in IBS‐D. Future studies should test whether increased resting fluid predisposes to SIBO.
Prevalence of toe symphalangism in Hong Kong Chinese population
Authors: Chan Yi-Lok Charis , Dao Wei-Hei , Yeung Tsang , Chow Esther Ching-San 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To explore the prevalence and variations of toe symphalangism in the Hong Kong Chinese population. Methods: A retrospective review of foot radiographs taken in Chinese adult patients admitted to United Christian Hospital from 1 January, 2016 to 31 December, 2016. Exclusion criteria include (1) previous toe amputation, (2) skeletal immaturity, (3) severe deformity, and (4) repeated attendance. The frequencies were compared by χ 2 test. Result: A total of 1364 foot radiographs were reviewed. Six-hundred sixty radiographs were excluded. A total of 704 radiographs were included in this study. There were total 849 feet reviewed (left: 290, right: 269, bilateral: 145). Their mean age (± standard deviation) was 59.5 ± 14.2 years. The prevalence of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th toe symphalangism was 0.2%, 0.8%, 9.9%, and 76.7%, respectively. The prevalence resembles Asian population. There was no significant difference in the prevalence associated with the following factors: (1) gender and (2) left versus right foot. There was no 4th toe symphalangism without 5th toe involvement. In the 145 bilateral feet radiographs, asymmetrical distribution of toe symphalangism was found in 8.2%. Second toe symphalangism is rare (0.24%). Conclusion: This is the first study in Hong Kong to report prevalence of toe symphalangism in Chinese population. There is a high prevalence rate of 5th toe symphalangism in the Hong Kong Chinese Population. This implies less flexible lesser toes in the Chinese population with higher risks of development of deformities. The clinical implication of such findings needs further research.
Assessment of Written Patient Information Pertaining to Cirrhosis and Its Complications: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ladegaard Grønkjær Lea , Berg Kirsten , Søndergaard Rikke , Møller Majbritt 
Published: June 2019

Background: Written patient information may play an important role in the compliance of the cirrhosis disease, but little is known on the quality and patients’ understanding of them. Objectives: To assess the written patient information leaflet pertaining to cirrhosis and its complications. Methods: The Baker Able Leaflet Design (BALD) criteria and the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) questionnaire were applied to assess design, layout characteristics, and information quality. Readability was calculated using the Læsbarhedsindex (LIX) and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). A cross-sectional study with a mixed methods design was carried out, using a questionnaire consisting of closed- and open-ended questions. Results: The BALD score was 24 and the EQIP score 70%. The LIX score was 46 and the SMOG score 15.8. Sixteen phrases from the leaflet were selected to explore patients’ understanding. Four phrases were understood by 100% of the patients, 6 phrases by more than 50% of the patients, and 6 phrases were understood by less than 50% of the patients. The meaning condensation showed that knowledge and understanding of cirrhosis and its complications were not enhanced by the availability of the leaflet. Conclusion: The leaflet had a good design, layout, and information quality but was difficult to read. Patients appeared to relate poorly to the leaflet and demonstrated limited health literacy. These results suggest that an assessment of written patient information ought to be made in an effort to improve readability. Further studies on intervention to improve patients’ health literacy are recommended.
Heuristics for Waste Collection Arc Routing Problem
Authors: Nevrlý Vlastimír , Šomplák Radovan , Popela Pavel 
Published: June 2019

Waste management is still an expanding eld which needs to be constantly enhanced so that waste transportation and treatment is as eective as possible. An important part of this process is a waste collection at the municipal level. Decision-making about daily routing for all vehicles from a heterogenous eet substantially in uences the expenses of technical services. The need of route scheduling comes also from the newly separated fractions. Transportation features include the capacity of vehicles, number and type of containers on the route, traffic light delays and many others. The mathematical model that properly describes the real practice of servicing containers has not been published yet. Moreover, routing problemsare generally not solvable by exact methods, so the appropriate heuristic algorithm has been developed. A case study with obtained results is discussed. This solution serves not only to improve the current operational situation, but also to create new route schedules for increasing number of collected commodities.
Ant Colony Optimisation for Performing Computational Task in Cellular Automata
Authors: Bidlo Michal , Korgo Jakub 
Published: June 2019

A method is presented for the design of cellular automata rules by means of ant algorithms.
In particular, Elitist Ant System and a~modified MAX-MIN Ant System are applied to search for transition functions of 1D cellular automata that are able to calculate squares of given input values.
It will be shown that the proposed MAX-MIN Ant System can perform significantly better than the standard variant of Elitist Ant System.
In particular, in the most advanced case study, the ant algorithm showed an ability to design a~complete set of elementary cellular automata rules that fulfil the required square calculations.
Some selected results will be presented and their features discussed.
Воспроизводство населения Томской губернии в 1914-1926 гг.
Authors: Косыгина Светлана Валерьевна 
Published: June 2019

Демографические процессы, происходящие сейчас в России, имеют негативный характер. Низкая рождаемость, высокая смертность вызывают депопуляцию населения. Общество нуждается в том, чтобы понимать, как шло демографическое развитие населения в период потрясений, чтобы избежать ошибок прошлого. Хронологические рамки работы охватывают 1914-1926 гг. Нижняя граница объясняется началом Первой мировой войны и последовавшими изменениями в воспроизводстве населения, верхняя граница определяется проведением Всесоюзной переписи населения 1926 г. Цель работы — определение тенденций динамики изменений относительных показателей движения населения. Задачами являются определение ежегодной разницы между количеством смертей и рождений, выявление тенденций динамики изменений показателей воспроизводства населения, характеристика изменений в половой структуре населения.
В исследовании впервые представлены не публиковавшиеся ранее архивные материалы и источники. Использование методов социальной статистики, метода средних величин позволили систематизировать и обобщить основные показатели количественных характеристик изменений воспроизводства населения. Метод расчета основных демографических показателей, вычисление общих коэффициентов воспроизводства населения применялись во всей работе.
В изучаемый период происходили значительные изменения в воспроизводстве населения. Основной тенденцией движения населения были аномальные колебания численности и воспроизводства, а также полового соотношения. Изменение территориально-административных границ Томской губернии в 1921 г. способствовало уменьшению населения.
Making the Free Market Moral: Ronald Reagan’s Covenantal Economy
Authors: Kunde Meg 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article, I argue for the importance of investigating covenantal rhetoric as a multipronged rhetorical device that can be used by political leaders to moralize discourse and strategically manage competing covenantal tensions in response to a particular social, economic, and/or political exigence. Specifically, it explores how President Ronald Reagan drew on the Puritan covenantal framework to usher in an era of free-market economics and transform it from a chaotic and self-interested system into a covenantal economy in which people could fulfill their moral obligations to self, God, and others. Using covenantal form, Reagan eased the tensions between freedom and order, grace and works, and individuality and community in a way that provided a moral foundation for his tax and welfare policies and a moral safety net for all who had faith in God’s grace. Within Reagan’s covenantal economy, trickle-down economics was framed as both an economically feasible and morally commendable process in which entrepreneurs and welfare recipients could join together in a “circle of prosperity” without government interference or the obligation to provide direct material assistance to others.
Liquid materials for biomedical research: a highly IT-integrated and automated biobanking solution
Authors: Popp Daniela , Diekmann Romanus , Binder Lutz , Asif Abdul R. , Nussbeck Sara Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVarious information technology (IT) infrastructures for biobanking, networks of biobanks and biomaterial management are described in the literature. As pre-analytical variables play a major role in the downstream interpretation of clinical as well as research results, their documentation is essential. A description for mainly automated documentation of the complete life-cycle of each biospecimen is lacking so far. Here, the example taken is from the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), where the workflow of liquid biomaterials is standardized between the central laboratory and the central biobank. The workflow of liquid biomaterials from sample withdrawal to long-term storage in a biobank was analyzed. Essential data such as time and temperature for processing and freezing can be automatically collected. The proposed solution involves only one major interface between the main IT systems of the laboratory and the biobank. It is key to talk to all the involved stakeholders to ensure a functional and accepted solution. Although IT components differ widely between clinics, the proposed way of documenting the complete life-cycle of each biospecimen can be transferred to other university medical centers. The complete documentation of the life-cycle of each biospecimen ensures a good interpretability of downstream routine as well as research results.
The Right to Information and Transformative Development Outcomes
Authors: Gomez Mario 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
One of the innovations of the past 30 years has been the creation and subsequent use of the “right to information (RTI)” to deepen democracy, enhance citizen participation and generate transparent systems of governance. Transitional societies and existing democracies alike have embraced legal regimes on the right to information. An RTI law gives a person a right to demand information from a public body (and in some cases from private bodies as well) without having to disclose why the information is being sought. Such a right can enhance transparency in public administration, decrease the level of arbitrary decision-making, and facilitate citizen participation at local, regional and central government levels. It can also reduce corruption and prevent the abuse of public power. UN Sustainable Development Goal 16 commits States to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. More particularly, Target 16.10 aims to “ensure public access to information”. By examining the work of the Sri Lankan RTI Commission over the past 2 years, this Article assesses whether RTI regimes and RTI commissions can be transformative in their impact, including to help realize SDG Goal 16. Can they help generate transparent, participatory and less-corrupt development outcomes, foster a concept of active citizenship, provide genuine public scrutiny of government decision-making, and enable citizens to benefit from an inclusive development process?
Embodied care: affective touch as a facilitating resource for interaction between caregivers and residents in a care home for older adults
Authors: Mononen Kaarina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article analyses how caregivers use affective touch as a resource to facilitate interaction. Through touch, caregivers construct positive socio-emotional relationships with their residents. The analysis of micro-level interaction is based on an interactional sociolinguistic framework, and reveals how caregivers display affection and intimacy while assisting the residents in everyday situations in a care home. All of the examples involve touching a person’s shoulder, stroking or giving half-embraces, typical resources used to construct affiliation between caregivers and residents. This article illustrates how affective touch facilitates interaction by regulating participation and calming down residents, by mitigating the controlling aspect of caring, and by fostering a positive interpersonal relationship. The care situations presented in this article contain crucial pauses within talk that are used to construct a peaceful atmosphere. During these crucial moments, embodied action effectively indicates an orientation to listening and establishes a presence to accomplish the actions in that situational talk. This analysis contributes to the studies on embodied interaction and on interpersonal relationships in care for older adults.
I would like to thank Camilla Lindholm, an anonymous reviewer as well as Maria Frick and Hanna Lappalainen for valuable comments on the earlier versions of this article.
Using post transplant 1 week Tc-99m DTPA renal scan as another method for predicting renal graft failure
Authors: Chong Ari , Ha Jung-Min , Choi Nam kyu , Shin Min ho 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The aims of this study were to determine whether post transplant renal scan performed at around 1 week can predict graft failure, and to identify the best predictive factors among easy-to-measure variables.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent Tc-99m DTPA renal scan at approximately 1 week after renal transplantation. They were separated into two categories at 3 months after the operation; graft failure and non-failure. Graft failure was confirmed by biopsy (rejection). Non-failure was confirmed either by biopsy or clinical follow-up with serum creatine (Cr). Scan parameters including glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Hilson perfusion index, peaks of the iliac and graft perfusion curves were analyzed. Clinical variables including age, sex, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, serum Cr, type of donated kidney, side of transplant, and immunosuppressant were also analyzed.

Results
Among total 45 patients, graft failure was present in 11 cases. The serum Cr level was significantly higher in the failure group. Among scan variables, only the GFR was significantly different between groups. GFR of <44.48 mL/min was predictive of graft failure (sen 88.9%). Serum Cr level >2.13 mg/dL was also predictive (sen 72.7%).

Conclusion
GFR on renal scan at approximately 1 week after kidney transplant can predict graft failure.
Männlichkeit und Sucht: Blinder Fleck in Prävention und Versorgung?
Authors: Altgeld Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Obwohl große geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Risiko- und Konsumverhalten, Prävalenzen von Suchterkrankungen und der Inanspruchnahme von Behandlungsangeboten bekannt sind, gibt es kaum männerspezifische Suchttherapie- oder Präventionsangebote. Dabei zeigen Männer bei fast allen Suchtformen mehr Auffälligkeiten als Frauen. Der Zusammenhang von Rollenerwartungen, Männlichkeitskonzepten und Sucht bietet gute Ansatzpunkte für erfolgreiche männerspezifische Behandlungs- und Präventionskonzepte.
Männergesundheit und Ungleichheit
Authors: Bardehle Doris 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung

Vorzeitige Sterblichkeit
Die Ungleichheit der Männergesundheit wird in diesem Beitrag am Beispiel der vorzeitigen Sterblichkeit gegenüber Frauen dargestellt. Das Ziel dieses nachhaltigen Indikators besteht in einer Senkung der Mortalität der Männer auf 190 und die der Frauen auf 100 je 100.000 Personen bis 2030. Herausgestellt wird, wie groß die Unterschiede in der Sterblichkeit zwischen Männern und Frauen bis 69 Jahren sind. Außerdem werden für das Jahr 2016 die vorzeitige Sterblichkeit, die Unfallsterblichkeit und die Suizidsterblichkeit alters- und geschlechtsspezifisch verglichen.
Gendertransformative Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Brand Tilman , Gencer Hande , Jahn Ingeborg 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Verringerung von geschlechtsbezogener gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit ist eines der zentralen Ziele von Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Dabei sind neben der vorherrschenden Zweigeschlechtlichkeit auch andere Ausprägungen geschlechtlicher Identität in den Blick zu nehmen. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir das Konzept der gendertransformativen Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung vor, welches auf den systematischen Einbezug und die Veränderung von gesundheitsrelevanten Geschlechterverhältnissen abzielt.
Laser Application in Photovoltaics for Surface Texturization of Silicon and Front Electrode Deposition
Authors: Dobrzański Leszek A. , Drygała Aleksandra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The laser technology in the manufacturing of solar cells has become an indispensable element of modern photovoltaic technology. The main reason for taking up such research is because conventional methods used for monocrystalline silicon texturization are ineffective when applied to polycrystalline silicon texturing. This is related to random distribution of grains of different crystalographic orientations on the surface of polycrystalline silicon. Texturing a polycrystalline silicon surface using an Nd:YAG laser makes it possible to increase absorption of the incident solar radiation. The additional technological operation of etching in potassium hydroxide solution introduced into the technology of the photovoltaic cells manufactured from laser-textured wafers allows for improvement in electrical performance compared with cells produced from nontextured wafers. Moreover, this article presents the influence of selective laser sintering of front metallization that was manufactured using paste based on silver nanopowder on contact resistant. The electrodes were formed on monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The microstructures of laser-textured silicon and sintered front metallization were investigated by scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. The reflectance of produced textures was measured by spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Current-voltage characteristics of solar cells manufactured from laser-textured polycrystalline silicon wafer were measured under standard AM 1.5 radiation. The contact resistance between the metal and semiconductor was investigated using the transmission line model.