bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Detection for Colorectal Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline
Authors: Lopes Gilberto , Stern Mariana C. , Temin Sarah , Sharara Ala I. , Cervantes Andres , Costas-Chavarri Ainhoa , Engineer Rena , Hamashima Chisato , Ho Gwo Fuang , Huitzil Fidel David , Moghani Mona Malekzadeh , Nandakumar Govind , Shah Manish A. , Teh Catherine , Manjarrez Sara E. Vázquez , Verjee Azmina , Yantiss Rhonda , Correa Marcia Cruz 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE To provide resource-stratified, evidence-based recommendations on the early detection of colorectal cancer in four tiers to clinicians, patients, and caregivers. METHODS American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of medical oncology, surgical oncology, surgery, gastroenterology, health technology assessment, cancer epidemiology, pathology, radiology, radiation oncology, and patient advocacy experts. The Expert Panel reviewed existing guidelines and conducted a modified ADAPTE process and a formal consensus-based process with additional experts (Consensus Ratings Group) for two round(s) of formal ratings. RESULTS Existing sets of guidelines from eight guideline developers were identified and reviewed; adapted recommendations form the evidence base. These guidelines, along with cost-effectiveness analyses, provided evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of 75% or more. CONCLUSION In nonmaximal settings, for people who are asymptomatic, are ages 50 to 75 years, have no family history of colorectal cancer, are at average risk, and are in settings with high incidences of colorectal cancer, the following screening options are recommended: guaiac fecal occult blood test and fecal immunochemical testing (basic), flexible sigmoidoscopy (add option in limited), and colonoscopy (add option in enhanced). Optimal reflex testing strategy for persons with positive screens is as follows: endoscopy; if not available, barium enema (basic or limited). Management of polyps in enhanced is as follows: colonoscopy, polypectomy; if not suitable, then surgical resection. For workup and diagnosis of people with symptoms, physical exam with digital rectal examination, double contrast barium enema (only in basic and limited); colonoscopy; flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy (if contraindication to latter) or computed tomography colonography if contraindications to two endoscopies (enhanced only).
Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno Reconsidered
Authors: Durkin Kieran 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article explores the theoretical relationship between Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno. Seeking to transcend the facile polarization that has hitherto characterized the reception of Fromm and Adorno, the article charts the evolution of their early relationship with Max Horkheimer and the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research and then considers the substantive correspondences and divergences between their bodies of thought. The article calls for further studies into their intellectual relationship, especially with regard to how their oeuvres may be differentially applied to the development of critical theory as a living system geared toward changing the world.
Oxidation Behavior of 1,3-Dihydrothieno[3,4-a]HPHAC
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Ishiwata Misaki , Muramatsu Kota , Takase Masayoshi , Mori Shigeki , Okujima Tetsuo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
1,3-Dihydrothieno[3,4-a]- and 1,3,8,10-tetrahydrodithieno[3,4-a;3′4′-m]-HPHACs were prepared by the successive SNAr reactions of hexafluorobenzene with 1,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-c]pyrrole and 3,4-dihexylpyrrole followed by Scholl oxidation. Oxidation of 1,3-dihydrothieno-fused HPHACs with excess amounts of iodine at room temperature quantitatively gave the corresponding dication bis(triiodide)s. Further dehydrogenative oxidation of the dicationic species with iodine giving a thieno[3,4-a]HPHAC dication was achieved at a higher temperature by removing hydrogen iodide generated during the reaction. Neutral species of thieno[3,4-a]HPHAC could not be isolated.
Evaluating community’s knowledge on integrated malaria, schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections in a Lake Victoria island, Kenya: A mixed method approach
Authors: Gitaka Jesse , Mwaura Peter , Oware Kevin , Kongere James , Wasonga Job , Matendechero Sultani 
Published: February 2019

Background: The burden of malaria, schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthes (STH) in the islands of Lake Victoria, Kenya, poses a considerable public health challenge. Although many studies have been conducted on the co-infection arising from these parasites, few have evaluated communities’ knowledge of the same. Increasing the level of knowledge about a disease or preventive chemotherapy is important, but efforts need to be focused on community perception and understanding of the problem so as to encourage engagement with the proposed control measures. This study aimed at understanding a community’s knowledge of malaria, schistosomiasis and STH in Lake Victoria island where an integrated preventive chemotherapy intervention was implemented. Methods: This study was conducted in Ngodhe Island in Lake Victoria in Homa Bay County, western Kenya region between April and May 2016. The study adopted a mixed method approach where both qualitative and quantitative data collection was performed concurrently. Results: A total of 239 people participated in this study. All the respondents reported that they had heard about malaria, 89.1% had heard about schistosomiasis while 87.4% had heard about STH. The majority of the respondents (93.3%) drew their drinking water directly from the lake and 80.3% reported bathing in the lake. Out of all the respondents, 96.2% knew about the ongoing preventive chemotherapy. Most respondents (94.1%) said they would participate in a preventive chemotherapy again, while 0.4% was not sure. The majority of the respondents (86.6%) reported that integrated strategy is the most effective approach to control the three infections in the Island. Conclusion: The findings show a very high knowledge about these diseases. Although this study found majority of the respondents are aware of the co-infection of malaria, schistosomiasis and STH, their behaviors such as bathing in the lake exacerbates the problem.
Behavioral response of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to volatiles of Apicure®, a plant-based extract
Authors: Komen Ednah , Murungi Lucy K. , Irungu Janet 
Published: February 2019

Background: The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida is an invasive pest of the honey bee. Although no previous methods have led to its successful management, yeast inoculated pollen baited-traps have showed promise as quick monitoring tools. In this study, we evaluated the role of olfaction in SHB response to Apicure®, an essential oil-based biopesticide that has shown potential for the management of honey bee pests and diseases. Methods: Volatiles from Apicure® were collected using super Q adsorbent traps. Subsequent analysis was done using Gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) to ascertain the components of Apicure®. The selectivity and sensitivity of antennal receptors of A. tumida adults to the volatile compounds were determined using behavioral assays and Gas Chromatography-Electroantennodetection (GC-EAD). Results: GC-MS analysis showed that Apicure® consists of 40 compounds. GC-EAD analysis isolated 11 compounds that elicited antennal response with the SHB. Of these, linalool, camphor, geraniol and α-terpineol were confirmed to be strongly repellant, while limonene was attractive to SHB in dual-choice olfactometer assays. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the major components in Apicure® are mainly repellants thus prospective in disrupting the host recognition by the SHB. The product therefore can be up-scaled for the management of SHB.
Information Sale and Competition
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Crapis Davide , Tahbaz-Salehi Alireza 
Published: February 2019

This paper studies the strategic interaction between a monopolistic seller of an information product and a set of potential buyers that compete in a downstream market. The setting is motivated by information markets in which (i) sellers have the ability to offer information products of different qualities and (ii) the information product provides potential buyers not only with more precise information about the fundamentals, but also with a coordination device that can be used in their strategic interactions with their competitors. Our results illustrate that the nature and intensity of competition among the information provider’s customers play first-order roles in determining the information provider’s optimal strategy. We show that when the customers view their actions as strategic complements, the provider finds it optimal to offer the most accurate information at the provider’s disposal to all potential customers. In contrast, when buyers view their actions as strategic substitutes, the provider maximizes the provider’s profits by either (i) restricting the overall supply of the information product or (ii) distorting its content by offering a product of inferior quality. We also establish that the provider’s incentive to restrict the supply or quality of information provided to the downstream market intensifies in the presence of information leakage.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3068 .This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
A Neuron-Optimized CRISPR/dCas9 Activation System for Robust and Specific Gene Regulation
Authors: Savell Katherine E. , Bach Svitlana V. , Zipperly Morgan E. , Revanna Jasmin S. , Goska Nicholas A. , Tuscher Jennifer J. , Duke Corey G. , Sultan Faraz A. , Burke Julia N. , Williams Derek , Ianov Lara , Day Jeremy J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCRISPR-based technology has provided new avenues to interrogate gene function, but difficulties in transgene expression in post-mitotic neurons has delayed incorporation of these tools in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient, neuron-optimized dual lentiviral CRISPR-based transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) system capable of robust, modular, and tunable gene induction and multiplexed gene regulation across several primary rodent neuron culture systems. CRISPRa targeting unique promoters in the complex multi-transcript gene brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) revealed both transcript- and genome-level selectivity of this approach, in addition to highlighting downstream transcriptional and physiological consequences ofBdnfregulation. Finally, we illustrate that CRISPRa is highly efficientin vivo, resulting in increased protein levels of a target gene in diverse brain structures. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CRISPRa is an efficient and selective method to study gene expression programs in brain health and disease.
Cortical Correlates of Attention to Auditory Features
Authors: Allen Emily J. , Burton Philip C. , Mesik Juraj , Olman Cheryl A. , Oxenham Andrew J. 
Published: February 2019

Pitch and timbre are two primary features of auditory perception that are generally considered independent. However, an increase in pitch (produced by a change in fundamental frequency) can be confused with an increase in brightness (an attribute of timbre related to spectral centroid) and vice versa. Previous work indicates that pitch and timbre are processed in overlapping regions of the auditory cortex, but are separable to some extent via multivoxel pattern analysis. Here, we tested whether attention to one or other feature increases the spatial separation of their cortical representations and if attention can enhance the cortical representation of these features in the absence of any physical change in the stimulus. Ten human subjects (four female, six male) listened to pairs of tone triplets varying in pitch, timbre, or both and judged which tone triplet had the higher pitch or brighter timbre. Variations in each feature engaged common auditory regions with no clear distinctions at a univariate level. Attending to one did not improve the separability of the neural representations of pitch and timbre at the univariate level. At the multivariate level, the classifier performed above chance in distinguishing between conditions in which pitch or timbre was discriminated. The results confirm that the computations underlying pitch and timbre perception are subserved by strongly overlapping cortical regions, but reveal that attention to one or other feature leads to distinguishable activation patterns even in the absence of physical differences in the stimuli.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough pitch and timbre are generally thought of as independent auditory features of a sound, pitch height and timbral brightness can be confused for one another. This study shows that pitch and timbre variations are represented in overlapping regions of auditory cortex, but that they produce distinguishable patterns of activation. Most importantly, the patterns of activation can be distinguished based on whether subjects attended to pitch or timbre even when the stimuli remained physically identical. The results therefore show that variations in pitch and timbre are represented by overlapping neural networks, but that attention to different features of the same sound can lead to distinguishable patterns of activation.
Movement Imitation via an Abstract Trajectory Representation in Dorsal Premotor Cortex
Authors: Wong Aaron L. , Jax Steven A. , Smith Louisa L. , Buxbaum Laurel J. , Krakauer John W. 
Published: February 2019

Humans are particularly good at copying novel and meaningless gestures. The mechanistic and anatomical basis for this specialized imitation ability remains largely unknown. One idea is that imitation occurs by matching body configurations. Here we propose an alternative route to imitation that depends on a body-independent representation of the trajectory path of the end-effector. We studied a group of patients with strokes in the left frontoparietal cortices. We found that they were equally impaired at imitating movement trajectories using the ipsilesional limb (i.e., the nonparetic side) that were cued either by an actor using their whole arm or just by a cursor, suggesting that body configuration information is not always critical for imitation and that a representation of abstract trajectory shape may suffice. In addition, imitation ability was uncorrelated to the ability to identify the trajectory shape, suggesting that imitation deficits were unlikely to arise from perceptual impairments. Finally, a lesion-symptom mapping analysis found that imitation deficits were associated with lesions in left dorsal premotor but not parietal cortex. Together, these findings suggest a novel body-independent route to imitation that relies on the ability to plan abstract movement trajectories within dorsal premotor cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability to imitate is critical for rapidly learning to produce new gestures and actions, but how the brain translates observed movements into motor commands is poorly understood. Examining the ability of patients with strokes affecting the left hemisphere revealed that meaningless gestures can be imitated by succinctly representing only the motion of the hand in space, rather than the posture of the entire arm. Moreover, performance deficits correlated with lesions in dorsal premotor cortex, an area not previously associated with impaired imitation of arm postures. These findings thus describe a novel route to imitation that may also be impaired in some patients with apraxia.
STORING RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN A SUBSTITUTE OF NATURAL GAS
Authors: Spazzafumo G. 
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes a way to obtain valuable electric power and valuable fuel starting from renewable variable electric power plus biomass and/or waste products. Biomass/biofuel can be oxyburned using electrolytic oxygen to generate electric power. Gas turbines or internal combustion engines are suitable to such a task, but there is the problem of very high temperatures connected to oxy combustion. In the case of gas turbine the inlet temperature could be controlled by adding steam and/or carbon dioxide, while in the case of internal combustion engines only carbon dioxide could be used. In such a way the exhaust gas continues to be formed by carbon dioxide and steam which can be easily separated by condensation. Carbon dioxide is fed to a Sabatier process together with electrolytic hydrogen to generate a gas with characteristics similar to natural gas. Although electrolytic hydrogen could be used directly both in internal combustion engines and fuel cells, significant problems to hydrogen distribution and on-board storing still exists. Therefore the substitute of natural gas could be a real bridge solution for the short/medium term. A simulation has been carried out and the resulting efficiencies range from 0.52 to 0.58.
APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING IN BIOMEDICINE AND ECOLOGY
Authors: Kirichenko M. N. , Chaikov L. L. , Kazaryan M. A. , Bulychev N. A. 
Published: February 2019

The review is devoted to the modern state of science in the field of light scattering techniques application in the biomedicine and ecology. The theoretical basis of dynamic and static light scattering and the results of modern works of their using for different aims are presented in the work. Since these methods are non-invasive and do not disturb the essential course of different processes, they are useful and irreplaceable for studying the biological samples. Application of the methods for studying of the hydrodynamic radii, molecular weights and distributions of light scattering on biomacromolecular particle sizes in biological liquids already led to the development of techniques of diagnostics of different socially-important deceases (cancer, cardiovascular deceases, and diabetes). The authors of diagnostics found that the ratio of the light intensity on the sizes of albumins and globulins, the mean hydrodynamic radius of protein aggregates and the second virial coefficient are the sensitive parameters to pathological processes development in the human body. The review also presents the results of the works devoted to the study of theinflu ence of the low doses of ions of heavy metals and radioactive radiation on different groups of the population by light scattering. The results showed, for example, that the people involved in the nuclear industry have metabolic disorders. Such works open the possibility of application of light scattering technique for sanogenetic control of the population health, which is relevant from the ecological point of view of environmentally unfriendly territories and industries. The study of the structure and properties of the polymeric and biological gels and effects of different factors on them (including nanoparticles) is the perspective field of light scattering application. The works and their results presented in the review show the broad application of light scattering technique for different biological and ecological aims.
Az angiotenzinkonvertálóenzim-gátló/kalciumcsatorna-blokkoló fix gyógyszer-kombinációk egyéves perzisztenciája hypertoniában
Authors: Simonyi Gábor , Ferenci Tamás , Finta Ervin , Igaz Iván , Balogh Sándor , Gasparics Roland , Medvegy Mihály 
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The most recent European guidelines for the treatment of hypertension suggest the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists (RAAS inhibitors) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) or diuretics fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) as the first therapeutic option. In antihypertensive therapy, the patient’s adherence is one of the most important factors in reducing unwanted cardiovascular events. Aim: Our aim was to assess the one-year persistence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and CCB FDCs in hypertensive patients. Method: Authors have analysed the prescription database of the National Health Insurance Fund in Hungary on pharmacy claims between October 1, 2012 and September 30, 2013. Those patients were identified who filled prescriptions for FDCs of ACEI and CCBs prescribed for the first time for hypertensive patients and who had not received similar drugs during the year before. Apparatus of survival analysis was used, where ‘survival’ was the time to abandon the medication. Results: 124 388 patients met the inclusion criteria. One-year persistence rate and hazard ratio (HR) of discontinuation in patients with ramipril/amlodipine FDC was 54% (HR = 1.00, reference), perindopril/amlodipine 47% (HR = 1.30, p<0.0001), lisinopril/amlodipine 36% (HR = 1.79, p<0.0001), ramipril/felodipine 26% (HR = 2.28, p<0.0001) and trandolapril/verapamil 12% (HR = 4.13, p<0.0001). The average survival time of drug limited to 360 days was 270.2 days for ramipril/amlodipine FDC, 242.7 days for perindopril/amlodipine FDC, 211.2 days for lisinopril/amlodipine FDC, 186.3 days for ramipril/felodipine FDC and 125.7 days for trandolapril/verapamil FDC. Conclusions: The authors demonstrated that the one-year persistence of ACEI/CCB FDCs was significantly different in hypertensive patients. Ramipril/amlodipine FDC was more advantageous for patient adherence. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(9): 343–348.
Sobre niilismo e felicidade em alguns escritos políticos de Walter Benjamin/ About nihilism and happiness in some political writings of Walter Benjamin
Authors: Jarek Márcio 
Published: February 2019

Resumo: Nos propomos a interpretar o enigmático “Fragmento teológico-político” (1920- 1921) à luz das noções de niilismo e de felicidade contidas em escritos de Walter Benjamin de seu projeto de uma obra sobre as relações entre política e vida. Nossa hipótese é a de que o fragmento somente pode ser compreendido tendo em vista os estudos sobre o “problema psicofísico” e ao se considerar as reflexões do filósofo sobre as relações entre mito, natureza e história. Essas reflexões surgiram no contexto da tarefa de avaliação sobre a possibilidade de uma “vida mais elevada” e da “continuidade da vida” em um “corpo vivo” histórico. Benjamin buscava elementos críticos que tivessem a capacidade “messiânica” de redimir as limitações da vida impostas pelas atuais configurações de poder e de violência da atualidade. Nos valeremos da análise de diferentes trabalhos de Walter Benjamin elaborados no período de juventude do pensador, assim como, nos valeremos igualmente da avaliação de algumas das principais ideias que exerceram influência na constituição de seus trabalhos no período.Palavras-chave: felicidade; niilismo; política; vida; Walter Benjamin.Abstract: We propose to interpret the enigmatic “Theological-Political Fragment” (1920-1921) in light of the notions of nihilism and happiness contained in Walter Benjamin’s writings of his work on the relations between politics and life. Our hypothesis is that the fragment can only be understood in view of the studies on the “psychophysical problem” and in considering the philosopher’s reflections on the relations between myth, nature and history. These reflections arose in the context of the task of evaluating the possibility of a “higher life” and “continuity of life” in a “living living body”. Benjamin sought critical elements that had the “messianic” ability to redeem the limitations of life imposed by today’s configurations of power and violence. We will use the analysis of different works by Walter Benjamin elaborated in the youth period of the thinker, as well as the evaluation of some of the main ideas that exerted influence in the constitution of his works in the period.Keywords: happiness; nihilism; politics; life; Walter Benjamin.