bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The light on the hill and the ‘right to work’
Authors: Quirk Victor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn 1945 the Curtin Labor Government declared it had the capacity and responsibility to permanently eliminate the blight of unemployment from the lives of Australians in its White Paper ‘Full Employment in Australia’. This was the culmination of a century of struggle to establish the ‘right to work’, once a key objective of the 19th century labour movement. Deeply resented and long resisted by employer groups, the policy was abandoned in the mid-1970s, without an electoral mandate. Although the Australian Labor Party and union movement urged public vigilance to preserve full employment during 23 years of Liberal rule, after 1978 they quietly dropped the policy as the Australian Labor Party turned increasingly to corporate donors for the money they needed to stay electorally competitive. While few leading lights of today’s Labor movement care to discuss it, it is right that Australians celebrate this bold statement of our right to work, and the 30 years of full employment it heralded.
Challenges in implementing models of coordinated care
Authors: Janich Nicole K , Shafer Michael S 
Published: December 2018

Summary The purpose of this study is to explore implementation challenges behavioral health agencies have faced in moving toward new models of care coordination which have been mandated by health care policy. Specifically, this study looks at six behavioral health agencies in a rural region of a southwestern state. Three agencies had adopted a colocated model of care coordination which involved partnering with a local Federally Qualified Health Center to provide primary care services at the behavioral health agency facilities. Three other agencies included in the study had adopted a fully integrated model of care coordination which involved hiring their own practitioners to provide primary care services at their facilities. Findings Results from this qualitative study identified seven areas of implementation challenges experienced by agencies including financial mechanisms, regulation, electronic health records, role clarification, information sharing, medical provider stigma, and staff training on coordinated care. Some of the most common challenges for all agencies regardless of the model being implemented were funding mechanisms, information sharing, and regulation. Application Findings from this study indicate that although health care policy has moved toward a more progressive form of health care, challenges still remain that threaten the sustainability of such care. Improvements at the policy level are needed to reform payment mechanisms and regulatory burden, in addition to making improvements at the local level to train practitioners.
Conformal Radiation Therapy or Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Institutional Experience in the Management of Colorectal Liver Metastases by Radiation Therapy
Authors: He Zemin , Chen Gang , Ouyang Bo , Zhang Haoyue , Chen Hui , Wang Yehuang , Yan Shushan , Pan Wei 
Published: December 2018

Aim: Radiation therapy has been proven “safe and effective” in the management of colorectal cancer liver metastases, especially for oligometastases. However, to date, there is no consensus on optimal prescribed doses or dose fraction schemes. The current study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of 2 different radiation therapy methods, conventional conformal radiation therapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy, in the treatment of limited colorectal cancer liver metastases. Methods: From December 2011 to December 2016, twenty-six patients with colorectal cancer having postoperative liver metastases (≤3) who were being treated with radiation therapy, either conventional conformal radiation therapy (50 Gy in 25 fractions) or stereotactic body radiation therapy (50 Gy in 10 fractions), were selected for this study. Overall survival and local control survival were analyzed by log-rank and Cox regression methods. Results: Radiation therapy delivered to each of the 26 patients with a total of 50 liver lesions. Conformal radiation therapy was delivered to 32 lesions in a total of 15 patients. Stereotactic body radiation therapy was delivered to 18 lesions in a total of 11 patients. Median follow-up was 13 months. Three-year overall survival and local control survival were 0% and 38.5%, 20.5%, and 53.0%, respectively, for the conformal radiation therapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy groups. The slightly better overall survival and local control survival in the stereotactic body radiation therapy group in comparison to the conformal radiation therapy group ( P = .323 and .297) is insignificant. There were no differences in grade 3 hepatic toxicity between the 2 groups. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and the number of liver lesions were significant prognostic factors in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Noninvasive radiation therapy provides satisfactory survival benefit for limited colorectal cancer liver metastases without intolerable toxicity and is therefore especially suitable for those elderly patients with poor performance status. Furthermore, stereotactic body radiation therapy with a higher biological equivalent dose and an abbreviated course of treatment has been shown to provide a better outcome than conventional conformal radiation therapy.
Impact of Middle Turbinectomy on Airflow to the Olfactory Cleft: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Alam Suhyla , Li Chengyu , Bradburn Kathryn H. , Zhao Kai , Lee Thomas S. 
Published: December 2018

Background The impact of middle turbinate resection (MTR) on olfaction remains a point of debate in the current literature. Few studies have objectively evaluated olfactory cleft airflow following MTR; thus, the mechanism by which MTR may impact olfaction is poorly understood. It is not known whether the postsurgical changes in airway volume, flow, and resistance increase odorant transport or disrupt the patterns of normal airflow. Computational fluid dynamics can be used to study the nasal airway and predict responses to surgical intervention. Objective To evaluate the functional impact of MTR on nasal airflow, resistance, and olfaction. Methods Five maxillofacial computed tomography scans of patients without signs of significant sinusitis or nasal polyposis were used. Control models for each patient were compared to their corresponding model after virtual total MTR. For each model, nasal airway volume, nasal resistance, and air flow rate were determined. Odorant transport of 3 different odorants in the nasal cavity was simulated based on the computed steady airflow field. Results Total airflow significantly increased following bilateral MTR in all patient models ( P < .05). Consistent with our airflow results, we found a decrease in nasal resistance following MTR. MTR significantly increased area averaged flux to the olfactory cleft when compared to controls for phenylethyl alcohol (high-sorptive odorant). Results for carvone (medium sorptive) were similarly elevated. MTR impact on limonene, a low flux odorant, was equivocal. Conclusion MTR increases nasal airflow while decreasing the nasal resistance. Overall, olfactory flux increased for high sorptive (phenylethyl alcohol) and medium sorpitve (l-carvone) odorants. However, the significant variation observed in one of our models suggests that the effects of MTR on the nasal airflow and the resultant olfaction can vary between individuals based on individual anatomic differences.
Surgical Site Infections in Spine Surgery: Preoperative Prevention Strategies to Minimize Risk
Authors: Spina Nicholas T. , Aleem Ilyas S. , Nassr Ahmad , Lawrence Brandon D. 
Published: December 2018

Study Design: Literature review. Objectives: A review of the literature identifying preoperative risk factors for developing surgical site infections after spine surgery and discussion of the preventive strategies to minimize risks. Methods: A review of the literature and synthesis of the data to provide an updated review on the preoperative management of surgical site infection. Results: Preoperative prevention strategies of reducing surgical site infections in spine surgery remains a challenging problem. Careful mitigation of modifiable patient comorbidities, blood glucose control, smoking, obesity, and screening for pathologic microorganisms is paramount to reduce this risk. Individualized antibiotic regimens, skin preparation, and hand hygiene also play a critical role in surgical site infection prevention. Conclusions: This review of the literature discusses the preoperative preventive strategies and risk management techniques of surgical site infections in spine surgery. Significant decreases in surgical site infections after spine surgery have been noted over the past decade due to increased awareness and implementation of the prevention strategies described in this article. However, it is important to recognize that prevention of surgical site infection requires a system-wide approach that includes the hospital system, the surgeon, and the patient. Continued efforts should focus on system-wide implementation programs including careful patient selection, individualized antibiotic treatment algorithms, identification of pathologic organisms, and preoperative decolonization programs to further prevent surgical site infections and optimize patient outcomes.
Spinal Tuberculosis: Current Concepts
Authors: Rajasekaran S. , Soundararajan Dilip Chand Raja , Shetty Ajoy Prasad , Kanna Rishi Mugesh 
Published: December 2018

Study Design: Review article. Objectives: A review of literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of spinal tuberculosis (TB). Methods: A systematic computerized literature search was performed using Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, and PubMed. Studies published over the past 10 years were analyzed. The searches were performed using Medical Subject Headings terms, and the subheadings used were “spinal tuberculosis,” “diagnosis,” “epidemiology,” “etiology,” “management,” “surgery,” and “therapy.” Results: Tissue diagnosis remains the only foolproof investigation to confirm diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging and Gene Xpert help in early detection and treatment of spinal TB. Uncomplicated spinal TB has good response to appropriately dosed multimodal ambulant chemotherapy. Surgery is warranted only in cases of neurological complications, incapacitating deformity, and instability. Conclusions: The incidence of atypical clinicoradiological presentations of spinal TB is on the rise. Improper dosing, inadequate duration of treatment, and inappropriate selection of candidates for chemotherapy has not only resulted in the resurgence of TB but also led to the most dreadful consequence of multidrug resistant strains. In addition, global migration phenomenon has resulted in worldwide spread of spinal TB. The current consensus is to diagnose and treat spinal TB early, prevent complications, promote early mobilization, and restore the patient to his or her earlier functional status.
Etiology and Surgical Management of Cervical Spinal Epidural Abscess (SEA):: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stricsek Geoffrey , Iorio Justin , Mosley Yusef , Prasad Srinivas , Heller Joshua , Jallo Jack , Shahrokh Soroush , Harrop James S. 
Published: December 2018

Study Design: Systematic analysis and review. Objective: Evaluation of the presentation, etiology, management strategies (including both surgical and nonsurgical options), and neurological functional outcomes in patients with cervical spinal epidural abscess (SEA). Methods: The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria were used to create a framework based on which articles pertaining to cervical SEA were chosen for review following a search of the Ovid and PubMed databases using the search terms “epidural abscess” and “cervical.” Included studies needed to have at least 4 patients aged 18 years or older, and to have been published within the past 20 years. Results: Database searches yielded 521 potential articles in PubMed and 974 potential articles in Ovid. After review, 11 studies were ultimately identified for inclusion in this systematic review. Surgery appears to be a well-tolerated management strategy with limited complications for patients with cervical SEA. However, the quantity of data comparing medical and surgical treatment of cervical SEA is limited and the bulk of the data is derived from low quality studies. Conclusion: Data reporting was heterogeneous among studies making it difficult to draw discrete conclusions. Early surgical intervention may be appropriate in selected patients with cervical epidural abscess, but it is not clear what distinguishes these patients from those who are successfully managed nonoperatively.
Short-Term Outcomes of Concussions in Major League Baseball: A Historical Cohort Study of Return to Play, Performance, Longevity, and Financial Impact
Authors: Ramkumar Prem N. , Navarro Sergio M. , Haeberle Heather S. , Pettit Rowland W. , Miles Travis J. , Frangiamore Salvatore J. , Mont Michael A. , Farrow Lutul D. , Schickendantz Mark S. 
Published: December 2018

Background: The short-term outcomes of concussions within Major League Baseball (MLB) warrant further consideration beyond a medical standpoint given that performance, career, and financial data remain unknown. The perception of this injury directly affects decision making from the perspective of both player and franchise. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of concussion on MLB players by (1) establishing return-to-play (RTP) time after concussion; (2) comparing the career length and performance of players with concussion versus those who took nonmedical leave; and (3) analyzing player financial impact after concussion. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Contracts, transactions, injury reports, and performance statistics from 2005 to 2017 were analyzed by comparing matched players who sustained a concussion versus those who took nonmedical leave. Of the 4186 eligible MLB players, 145 sustained concussions resulting in the activation of concussion protocol and 538 took nonmedical leave. RTP time was recorded. Career length was analyzed in reference to an experience-based stratification of full seasons remaining after the concussion. Changes in player performance and salary before and after concussion were compared with the same parameters for players who took nonmedical leave. Results: The mean RTP time was 26 days (95% CI, 20-32 days) for athletes with concussion and 8 days (95% CI, 6-10 days) for those who took nonmedical leave. Athletes with concussion had a mean of 2.8 full seasons remaining, whereas athletes who took nonmedical leave had 3.1 seasons remaining ( P = .493). The probability of playing in the MLB after concussion compared with the nonmedical leave pool was not significantly lower ( P = .534, log-rank test; hazard ratio, 1.108). Postconcussion performance decreased significantly in position players, including a lower batting average and decreased on-base percentage in the players with concussion compared with those returning from nonmedical leave. Players who sustained a concussion lost a mean of US$654,990 annually compared with players who took nonmedical leave. Conclusion: This study of the short-term outcomes after concussion in limited-contact MLB athletes demonstrates that concussions may not decrease career spans but may result in decreased performance in addition to financial loss when compared with matched controls who took nonmedical leave. In sports such as baseball that are not subject to repetitive head trauma, career spans may not decrease after a single concussive event. However, sentinel concussions have deleterious short-term effects on performance and compensation among MLB players.
Microstructural and porosimetry analysis of Ag-TiO2 intercalated kaolin and diatomite as nanocomposite ceramic materials
Authors: Ajenifuja Emmanuel , Popoola Abimbola P.I. , Oyedotun Kabir O. , Popoola Olawale 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTKaolin and diatomite are abundant and widely available geological materials that may immobilize or stabilize functional chemical species on their surfaces for various applications. Acid-treated kaolin and diatomite were intercalated with photocatalyst Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles using the sol–gel technique to prepare nanocomposite ceramic materials. The nanocomposites were sintered between 900°C and 1000°C to induce thermal reactions and to enhance nanoparticle–substrate attachment. Chemical and thermal characterizations of the acid-treated materials and intercalated nanocomposites were performed with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)-specific surface area and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed for physical and microstructural characterization of the nanocomposites, respectively. Morphological studies revealed a uniform distribution of Ag-TiO2 nanocrystallites in pores and on mineral particle surfaces. The BET analysis showed remarkable surface and grain modification by sintering. Decreases in the BET-specific surface area were observed for the sintered ceramic nanocomposite, Ag-TiO2-kaolin (20.244 to 5.446 m2/g) and Ag-TiO2-diatomite (19.582 to 10.148 m2/g).
Clay minerals related to the late magmatic activity of the Piton des Neiges (Réunion Island): consequence for the primitive crusts
Authors: Berger Gilles , Beaufort Daniel , Antoine Raphaël 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a detailed petrographic and isotopic study of hypabyssal sheets of quartz-syenite that represent the ultimate differentiation product of the oceanite alkaline magmatic reservoir of the Piton des Neiges stratovolcano (Réunion Island). Clay minerals of the corrensite to chlorite series crystallized during the late-magmatic activity, with quartz, carbonates and accessory minerals from juvenile fluids filling the primary porosity of the quartz-syenite. It is proposed that a double chemical transfer occurred at the end of the crystallization process: degassing of the exsolved CO2-rich and SiO2-rich fluid from the magmatic chamber through the porous quartz-syenite and diffusion of Al, Fe and Mg from the intruded basalts affected by the juvenile fluids towards the primary porosity of the quartz-syenite, feeding the crystallization of late-magmatic clays in the residual primary pores after quartz and carbonate deposition. This process may be generalized to alkaline plutonism, as well as to the primitive crusts of terrestrial planets, and may be the first source of clays in early planets.
An Efficient movie recommendation algorithm based on improved k-clique
Authors: Vilakone Phonexay , Park Doo-Soon , Xinchang Khamphaphone , Hao Fei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The amount of movie has increased to become more congested; therefore, to find a movie what users are looking for through the existing technologies are very hard. For this reason, the users want a system that can suggest the movie requirement to them and the best technology about these is the recommendation system. However, the most recommendation system is using collaborative filtering methods to predict the needs of the user due to this method gives the most accurate prediction. Today, many researchers are paid attention to develop several methods to improve accuracy rather than using collaborative filtering methods. Hence, to further improve accuracy in the recommendation system, we present the k-clique methodology used to analyze social networks to be the guidance of this system. In this paper, we propose an efficient movie recommendation algorithm based on improved k-clique methods which are the best accuracy of the recommendation system. However, to evaluate the performance; collaborative filtering methods are monitored using the k nearest neighbors, the maximal clique methods, the k-clique methods, and the proposed methods are used to evaluate the MovieLens data. The performance results show that the proposed methods improve more accuracy of the movie recommendation system than any other methods used in this experiment.
Vortioxetine for depression: the evidence for its current use in the UK
Authors: De Giorgi Riccardo 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYThe pharmacological treatment of depression is often hampered by side-effects and unsatisfactory response to treatment. Vortioxetine is one of the newest antidepressants on the market, purportedly with a different mechanism of action compared with other antidepressants. This month's Cochrane Corner review examines the evidence available for the use of vortioxetine as a first-line treatment for depression in adults. This commentary puts the Cochrane review's findings into their clinical context and revises them in view of earlier and later studies.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Advance Care Planning Among Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Schubart Jane R. , Levi Benjamin H. , Bain Megan M. , Farace Elana , Green Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:Advance directives (AD) have been heralded as vehicles to promote patient autonomy and have been decried as ineffective. Efforts to improve advance care planning (ACP) and AD documents are wide ranging but have not been prospectively studied.Materials and Methods:In an institutional review board–approved, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we compared an interactive, educational ACP decision aid to standard ACP among patients with advanced cancer. We hypothesized that use of the decision aid would increase physician awareness of patients’ health care wishes and increase physician adherence to patients’ end-of-life wishes compared with standard ACP.Results:A total of 200 patients were randomly assigned to two study arms. We analyzed data from medical records and interviews with physicians and family members for 121 patients who died by August 2016. No differences in physician awareness or adherence were found between the ACP decision aid and standard ACP groups. End-of-life treatment wishes and discussion of wishes were documented for 70% and 64% of the patients, respectively, but only 35% had an actual AD in the medical record. According to family members, end-of-life care was consistent with the patients’ stated wishes 94% of the time. Similarly, according to physicians, it was consistent for 98%. However, according to AD documents, delivered care was consistent with desired care in only 65%. Considerably fewer patients than predicted died, and data from physicians were difficult to obtain.Conclusion:ACP type did not influence documentation of patient wishes or end-of-life care received. Future prospective studies must account for challenges in prognostication and point-of-care data collection at the end of life.