bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Riboflavin Nucleotides by Mature Human Erythrocytes
Authors: MANDULA BARBARA , BEUTLER ERNEST 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intact human red blood cells can synthesize FAD and FMN from riboflavin. The rate of synthesis of FAD is linearly proportional to the concentration of riboflavin in the medium at levels below 0.9 µM. With 0.9 µM riboflavin, the rate of synthesis is about 0.1 mµmole FAD/ml. red blood cells/hour. Incubation of red blood cells with riboflavin can result in increased red cell glutathione reductase activity when the enzyme is measured in the absence of added FAD. This indicates that the FAD concentration in the red cells increased during the incubation. The rate of incorporation of radioactive riboflavin into red blood cells is the same whether the cells are suspended in plasma or in a phosphate-saline-glucose medium. The time it takes for half the FAD in normal human red blood cells to turn over is calculated to be about 6 days, assuming a single mixing pool of red cell FAD.
Simplified Method for Estimation of Serum and Plasma Viscosity in Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders
Authors: WRIGHT DORIS J. , JENKINS DAVID E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the red blood cell pipette was tested and found to be a suitable viscometer for detection of the hyperviscosity syndrome in multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia. Additional studies demonstrated that in normal subjects and in most patients there was little difference in relative viscosity values whether serum or plasma was used and whether the test was performed at room temperature or 37° C. Based on these observations, a rapid screening test for the measurement of serum or plasma viscosities was described.
The Effect of Iron Therapy in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: ROSSE WENDELL F. , GUTTERMAN LORENCE A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria who were iron deficient were treated with parenteral iron compounds. In both instances, a marked increase in hemoglobinuria followed, beginning 4 days after the first administration of the iron compound. The rise in hemolysis paralleled the rise in reticulocyte count. When erythropoiesis was suppressed with transfusion, the administration of iron did not bring about an increase in hemolysis. This indicates that the effect of iron in bringing about hemolysis in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is due to an increase in erythropoiesis, resulting in the production of excessive numbers of complement-sensitive cells.
Central Nervous System Involvement in Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Authors: ZIEGLER JOHN L. , BLUMING AVRUM Z. , MORROW RICHARD H. , FASS LEROY , CARBONE PAUL P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty-five of 77 patients (46%) with Burkitt’s lymphoma presented or developed evidence of central nervous system involvement by tumor. Neurologic abnormalities included paraplegia, cranial neuropathy, altered levels of consciousness and malignant pleocytosis. An analysis of this series disclosed the following: Paraplegia is a common presenting feature of Burkitt’s lymphoma and is responsive to systemic chemotherapy. The association of cranial neuropathy and malignant pleocytosis with facial tumors points to direct tumor extension to intracranial structures (duraarachnoid) as the pathogenesis of these lesions. Intrathecal chemotherapy temporarily reverses malignant pleocytosis but systemic chemotherapy is required to treat cranial neuropathy. A poor prognosis follows presentation or development of malignant pleocytosis. The limitations of the current forms of therapy for CNS involvement are discussed.
Chromosomal Evidence for the Secondary Role of Fibroblastic Proliferation in Acute Myelofibrosis
Authors: VAN SLYCK ELLIS J. , WEISS LESTER , DULLY MARILYN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 22-year-old white woman with acute myelofibrosis and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is reported. She was found to have a consistent chromosomal aberration in her myeloblasts, interpreted as a 1-3 translocation. Bone marrow fibroblasts were successfully cultured, yielding a normal karyotype. The lymphocyte karyotype in this patient was also normal. It is proposed that these findings favor a secondary role of the fibroblastic proliferation in myelofibrosis and suggest that the primary cellular disturbance resides only in the hematopoietic cell lines.
Myelofibrosis in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: GRALNICK HARVEY R. , HARBOR JOHN , VOGEL CHARLES 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 181 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) 39 patients demonstrated myelofibrosis (MF) during the course of their disease. These groups can be divided into two groups: one group initially presenting with the clinical and laboratory findings of CGL but with concomitant MF and a second group in whom MF developed late in the course of CGL. The occurrence of MF with CGL was associated with three findings: (1) elevation of the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, (2) a very poor prognosis and (3) the frequent association of MF and blastic transformation of CGL. MF should be considered an integral part of CGL and when present should be considered part of the terminal phase of CGL and treated accordingly.
A Note on the Increased Risk of Polycythemia Vera in Jews
Authors: MODAN B. , KALLNER H. , ZEMER D. , YORAN C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A whole community study of polycythemia vera in Israel revealed a mean annual incidence of 6.7 per million. Ratio of age adjusted rates between European and non-European-born foreign residents was 2.2 among males and 3.1 among females. A comparison with the only other community study of polycythemia shows higher incidence in Israel as compared with the city of Baltimore, but similar rates among European-born Jews in Israel and Jewish residents in Baltimore. The data indicate that the risk of developing polycythemia vera is higher among Jews of European extraction, independent of residence.
Ultrastructural and Immunofluorescence Studies of the Cells Associated With µ-Chain Disease
Authors: ZUCKER-FRANKLIN DOROTHEA , FRANKLIN EDWARD C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fluorescence and electron microscopy studies were carried out on the blood and bone marrow cells of the first patient observed to have µ-chain disease. Since previously reported cases of γ and α heavy-chain disease did not elaborate any light chains, it was of interest to determine whether both the µ-chain fragments and the κ chains found in the serum of this patient originated in the same cell or whether mutations had affected two different clones. The use of rhodamine-conjugated and fluorescein-conjugated antisera to heavy and light chains respectively established that both antigenic determinants were present in the same cell. On electron microscopy, the plasma cells showed large vacuoles which appeared to form in the vicinity of the Golgi zone and frequently extended to the surface of the cell. It is postulated that the structural defect in the µ chain interferes with proper assembly of the gamma-globulin molecule. This in turn may preclude transport via the normal secretory pathway. The accumulated protein fragments may be released by a process of limited cytolysis.
Interactions of Polylysine With Platelets
Authors: JENKINS C. S. P. , PACKHAM M. A. , KINLOUGH-RATHBONE R. L. , MUSTARD J. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet aggregation induced by the cationic polypeptide, polylysine, differs in many respects from aggregation induced by ADP. Polylysine causes immediate, irreversible aggregation and the aggregates form a tight mosaic with electrondense material between the membranes and coating the surface. Inhibitors of ADP-induced aggregation or of the platelet release reaction do not inhibit polylysine, but negatively charged polymers (heparin and mucopolysaccharides) are inhibitory and also cause deaggregation. In contrast to agents such as thrombin, polylysine does not cause the release of serotonin, ATP, or ADP from the platelet granules, but it does cause a leak of adenine nucleotides and lactic dehydrogenase from the platelet cytoplasm. This leak from the cytoplasm can be inhibited by prostaglandin E1. Polylysine inhibits serotonin uptake by platelets, but ADP does not. Low concentrations of polylysine inhibit ADP or thrombin-induced aggregation and thrombin-induced release. Collagen-induced release and aggregation are potentiated by polylysine. Both ADP and polylysine cause increased C14O2 production from platelets incubated with glucose-6-14C. Prostaglandin E1 inhibits this stimulation by both these agents. Mucopolysaccharides and heparin inhibit only the polylysine-induced stimulation of metabolism. The increased aerobic metabolism observed with both ADP and polylysine may be related to changes that occur when platelets change shape and adhere to each other and it may not be a specific reaction to ADP.
Separation of Erythropoietin-sensitive Cells From Hemopoietic Spleen Colony-forming Stem Cells of Mouse Fetal Liver by Unit Gravity Sedimentation
Authors: STEPHENSON JOHN R. , AXELRAD ARTHUR A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An assay method for erythropoietin-sensitive cells has been developed based on the fact that cells of mouse fetal liver respond to erythropoietin in vitro by increased heme synthesis. To determine whether or not hemopoietic colony-forming stem cells are identical with erythropoietin-sensitive cells, C3H/Bi 13-day fetal liver cells were separated into fractions on the basis of size by unit gravity sedimentation through a 1-2 per cent bovine serum albumin gradient. The cell fractions obtained were assayed for erythropoietin-sensitive cells by the present method and for spleen colony-forming cells by the method of Till and McCulloch. It was found that the modal sedimentation velocity of erythropoietin-sensitive cells was greater than that of the spleen colony-forming cells of mouse fetal liver, showing that these two classes of cells are distinct.
Hemoglobin Synthesis in Murine Virus-induced Leukemic Cells In Vitro. I. Partial Purification and Identification of Hemoglobins
Authors: SCHER WILLIAM , HOLLAND J. GILBERT , FRIEND CHARLOTTE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemoglobin synthesis in murine Friend virus-induced leukemic cells established in tissue culture has been demonstrated. These cells have exhibited a limited degree of differentiation along the erythroid line throughout their serial passage history. Cloned lines differ in the extent of differentiation as evaluated by benzidine staining and the amount of hemoglobin produced. The hemoglobin present in these cells was identified by its histochemical staining properties, peroxidatic activity, incorporation of 59Fe, absorption spectrum, and characteristic migration pattern during discontinuous electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Three hemoglobin components were detected on 10.0 per cent polyacrylamide gels. The electrophoretic pattern of these three hemoglobins appeared similar to that of hemolysates of adult DBA/2J mice, the strain from which the cells originated.
The Response of Leukemic Lymphocytes to Cortisol: A Suggested Role of Transcortin
Authors: WERTHAMER SEYMOUR , AMARAL LEONARD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lymphocytes obtained from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) respond to the in vitro presence of cortisol by depressed incorporation of precursors into RNA and protein. The decreased incorporation of uridine into RNA is the sum of (1) an inhibition in the synthesis of RNA and (2) an enhanced destruction of newly synthesized RNA. Whereas cortisol was not dependent upon plasma for the manifestation of the above effects, the presence of plasma was an absolute requirement in order for cortisol to have an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of protein. A comparison of leukemic and normal lymphocytes demonstrated that the magnitude of inhibition of precursors into RNA and protein was greater in leukemic cells. Because it is believed that the plasma factor required is transcortin, determination of transcortin levels by cortisolbinding gel filtration technics were performed. These indicated that transcortin levels of CLL plasma were about 50 per cent lower than that of the normal. Consequently, further experiments involving type-specific plasma substitutions were performed. The results obtained from these experiments indicated that the magnitude of the effect of cortisol on the synthesis of lymphocyte protein was directly related to the transcortin level of the plasma employed.
Changes in Proliferative Activity of Marrow Leukemic Cells During and After Extracorporeal Irradiation of Blood
Authors: CHAN B. W. B. , HAYHOE F. G. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Proliferation activity of bone marrow cells was studied in six patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated by extracorporeal irradiation of the blood (ECIB). One patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in full remission was also studied and one patient received splenic irradiation in addition to ECIB. The observations support the hypothesis that ECIB may alter feedback mechanisms of growth control within the leukemic tissue, resulting in an increased proliferative fraction. It is suggested that the nonproliferative leukemic blast cell is not an end cell but is capable of being recalled into cell cycle by an appropriate stimulus such as ECIB.
The Effect of Cold on Platelets. I. Cold-induced Platelet Aggregation
Authors: KATTLOVE HERMAN E. , ALEXANDER BENJAMIN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Low temperatures induce platelet aggregation. This effect is greatest when chilled platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is stirred while it is warming or just after it has warmed. The stirring of chilled PRP at low temperature or after prolonged warming causes little aggregation. The extent of aggregation increases as the temperature at which the PRP is chilled is lowered, and as the time of chilling is lengthened. This phenomenon resembles ADP-induced aggregation in that the shape of the aggregation curves of both are similar and both are inhibited by the same compounds. In addition, both forms of aggregation require calcium. However, cold-induced aggregation is not mediated by ADP since this compound is not found in the supernatant of chilled PRP. Nor is the effect of cold on plasma proteins responsible for cold-induced aggregation since cold causes aggregation of platelets suspended in a nonprotein medium. The mechanism of this phenomenon may be similar to ADP-induced aggregation. Its clinical significance is that it may account for the deleterious effect of cold on the preparation and preservation of platelet concentrates.
Survival of Group A Erythrocytes Following Bone Marrow Transplantation for Reconstitution of Lymphopenic Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: AZAR M. M. , GATTI R. A. , YUNIS E. J. , SWANSON J. , GOOD R. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The survival of chromium-labeled group A erythrocytes was measured in a patient who had previously received two bone marrow transplants for reconstitution of lymphopenic hypogammaglobulinemia. The patient was of blood group A before transplantation; the donor of blood group O. The patient’s erythrocytes are now virtually 100% group O. Anti-B titers are present; anti-A antibodies are not demonstrable. The cells producing these isohemagglutinins are of donor origin; the donor has anti-A titers of 1:64 in saline and 1:256 by antihuman globulin test as well as anti-B titers. No evidence of immunological destruction of group A erythrocytes was found in this patient suggesting that the immune system of the donor may have become tolerant of the group A substance of the recipient.
Microscopy of Living Bone Marrow In Situ. II. Influence of the Microenvironment on Hemopoiesis
Authors: MCCLUGAGE SAMUEL G. , MCCUSKEY ROBERT S. , MEINEKE HOWARD A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present study examined in vivo the dynamic changes of hypocellular bone marrow during increased hemopoietic activity induced by phlebotomy or administration of erythropoietin. During increased hemopoietic activity, large venules and venous sinusoids located within the marrow spaces were replaced by dilated or polygonal networks of sinusoids supplied by small arterioles or capillaries that coursed from surrounding spicules of bone into the marrow spaces. An increased cellularity (hemopoietic and fat cells) was associated with this change in vascularity. The results suggest the presence of two functional parts of the microvascular system in bone marrow. The first is associated with hemopoietic areas of the marrow and is erythropoietin-sensitive; the second, with regeneration and resorption of bone. The presence of cancellous bone and the morphology of the microvascular system may determine the extent of hemopoietic activity of bone marrow. During increased hemopoietic activity, the intimate relationship between the microvascular system, bone spicules, and the developing cellular compartment suggests local factors resident in bone are transported to these proliferating cells to exert a hemopoietic effect.
Allogeneic Marrow Grafting for Hematologic Malignancy Using HL-A Matched Donor-Recipient Sibling Pairs
Authors: THOMAS E. D. , BUCKNER C. D. , RUDOLPH R. H. , FEFER A. , STORB R. , NEIMAN P. E. , BRYANT J. I. , CHARD R. L. , CLIFT R. A. , EPSTEIN R. B. , FIALKOW P. J. , FUNK D. D. , GIBLETT E. R. , LERNER K. G. , REYNOLDS F. A. , SLICHTER S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Seven patients with hematologic malignancy refractory to conventional therapy were treated with 1000 rads midpoint tissue dose of whole-body irradiation followed by infusion of marrow from an HL-A matched sibling. Three patients with advanced leukemia showed histologic evidence suggestive of engraftment but the graft did not function and they died after 18, 26, and 30 days. Four patients, three with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and one with Hodgkin’s disease, treated while in good clinical condition, showed evidence of a functioning marrow graft within 3 wk. Engraftment was proved by cytogenetic analysis in three cases with donors of the opposite sex. One patient died with graft-vs.-host disease (GVH) after 37 days. The other three had mild to moderate GVH. Two patients showed recurrent leukemia and died after 85 and 102 days. In one of these patients, a girl, the recurrent leukemia was in male donor cells. One patient, a boy, is alive and well after 200 days with only female donor cells in the marrow. He shows no evidence of GVH and, as yet, no leukemia.
Automated Optical Counting of Blood Platelets
Authors: BRITTIN GEOFFREY M. , DEW SHIRLEY A. , FEWELL ELVI K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have evaluated the use of an optical particle counter to perform automated platelet counts on whole blood. The erythrocytes were lysed by dilution of whole blood with 2 M urea and the remaining platelets and leukocytes were enumerated by a darkfield microscope optical system that detects light diffracted by them. A suspension of fixed human platelets available commercially was highly satisfactory for standardization. The method gave accurate and reproducible platelet counts, comparable with those of electronic particle counting on venous blood and substantially more reliable platelet counts on thrombocytopenic and finger-puncture blood samples. We believe that errors resulting from the electronic method were caused by technical difficulties of sample handling and not to an intrinsic error in electronic counting. By using the automated optical method we found no significant difference between the platelet counts of capillary and venous blood, although capillary platelet counts had twice the variability of venous counts. The optical technique has important advantages over electronic platelet counting, and its superiority appears to be due to the ability to count platelets in diluted whole blood rather than in plasma. It should prove especially useful in performing the large numbers of platelet counts on thrombocytopenic and finger-puncture blood samples that are increasingly important for management of patients receiving chemotherapy.
Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia Associated With Abnormal Membrane Lipids: Mechanism of Accumulation of Phosphatidyl Choline
Authors: SHOHET STEPHEN B. , LIVERMORE BARBARA M. , NATHAN DAVID G. , JAFFÉ ERNST R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to study the mechanism of the accumulation of phosphatidyl choline (PC) in erythrocytes with abnormal erythrocyte phospholipids from patients with a hereditary hemolytic anemia, the phospholipids of the erythrocytes were labeled radioactively. Labeling of phosphatides was achieved by both passive equilibration with preformed phosphatides, and active "acylase"-mediated incorporation of fatty acid (FA) in the presence of glucose, ATP and coenzyme A. The labeled cells were then reincubated in fresh compatible sera and the catabolism of the labeled erythrocyte phospholipids was followed. In addition, total acylase capacity of erythrocyte stroma was determined under optimal conditions in a system with excess lysophosphatide, FA, ATP, CoA, and Mg++. No differences in passive uptake or release of phosphatides were found between the patients’ erythrocytes and comparable reticulocyte-rich controls. On the other hand, overall active incorporation of FA into PC was abnormally increased in the patients’ erythrocytes, whereas incorporation of FA into phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE) was decreased. However, acylase capacity for both lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) was normal in the patients’ cells. This apparent paradox could be explained by the subsequent turnover of actively incorporated PC-FA which was found to be reduced. A brief labeling experiment designed to approximate pulse-chase conditions and to label primarily PC showed a considerable inhibition of the subsequent transfer of PC-FA to PE upon reincubation in fresh serum. This transfer has previously been shown to be responsible for a significant portion of PC-FA catabolism. Reincubation in hyperlipemic sera obtained from patients with liver disease or artificially enriched with PC did not influence the abnormal outflow of phosphatide-FA in actively labeled cells. The findings were consistent with the concept that PC accumulated in these cells because of a defect in the catabolism of actively incorporated PC-FA. This defect appeared to be in the transfer of PC-FA to PE prior to final release from the cell. Passive exchange pathways and the active anabolic acylase pathway were not abnormal in these patients’ erythrocytes.
A Longitudinal Comparison of Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus and Clinical Parameters in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: LEVINE PAUL H. , MERRILL DEBORAH A. , BETHLENFALVAY NICHOLAS C. , DABICH LYUBICA , STEVENS DAVID A. , WAGGONER DEWARD E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Elevated titers to the Epstein-Barr virus have previously been reported in a number of lymphoproliferative diseases, including Burkitt’s lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, and Hodgkin’s disease. This study also demonstrates a significantly higher titer against EBV in a group of patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disease (CLL) than in a group of patients with chronic myeloproliferative disease (CML) or normal individuals. No significant antibody changes were detected in the 20 CML patients or 23 of the 24 CLL patients who were followed for a period of time up to 5 yr. It appears that the elevated EBV titers seen in patients with CLL reflect an event or process occurring prior to the onset of disease or in the very early stages rather than a nonspecific rise paralleling the increase in total-body lymphocytes.