bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Step by step full mouth rehabilitation of a class III edentulous patient by implant‐supported prosthesis: A case report
Authors: Arshad Mahnaz , Shirani Gholamreza , Rasouli Kamran 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageFull mouth rehabilitation by dental implants is complex in class III patients. Prediction of the outcome of orthognathic surgery in edentulous patients with no dental index or record is challenging. This report describes rehabilitation of an edentulous patient by placement of dental implants after prediction of the outcome of orthognathic correction.
Anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery with functional ischemia determined with fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography
Authors: Miki Takashi , Miyoshi Toru , Watanabe Atsuyuki , Osawa Kazuhiro , Amioka Naofumi , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageA right coronary artery of anomalous origin is rare congenital anatomy that can be fatal. CT angiography is an excellent tool for its anatomical assessment. Noninvasive CT‐based fractional flow reserve measurement can additionally evaluate the functional severity of coronary stenosis and is potentially useful for evaluating coronary anomalies.
Dislodged biliary stent causes lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage four years postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Papanikolaou Ioannis S. , Tziatzios Georgios , Gkolfakis Paraskevas , Parasyris Stavros , Kizgala Polyxeni , Economopoulos Nikolaos , Papadopoulos Iordanis N. , Dimitriadis George D. , Triantafyllou Konstantinos 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageEndoscopic biliary stent placement is an efficient method for the decompression of the biliary system in various benign and malignant causes. Dislocation and stent migration is a well‐known complication, with most displaced stents passing through the bowel, uneventfully. Rarely, migrated stents can be accounted for potentially life‐threatening complications.
Gastric mucosal prolapse: A case of proton‐pump inhibitor nonresponsive dyspepsia
Authors: Sunkara Tagore , Ofori Emmanuel , Yarlagadda Krishna Sowjanya , Gaduputi Vinaya 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageGastric mucosal prolapse (GMP) is a rare clinical syndrome that in patients with hiatal hernias and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may present with typical findings of abdominal pain and reflux symptoms but prove resistant to medical therapy. Physicians should therefore be aware and consider GMP as a differential in such patients in order to make an accurate diagnosis and provide timely treatment.
Multi‐Enzyme Immobilized Anodes Utilizing Maltose Fuel for Biofuel Cell Applications
Authors: Yasujima Reiho , Yasueda Kengo , Horiba Tatsuo , Komaba Shinichi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMulti‐enzyme immobilized carbon‐felt electrodes are fabricated for application as a bioanode in biofuel cells to utilize both maltose and glucose as the fuel. The unique combination of three enzymes (maltase, mutarotase, and glucose oxidase) enables us to utilize maltose as the fuel for the bioanode. The new electrode based on carbon felt (CF) demonstrates a high oxidation current density of 6.5 mA cm−2 at 0.34 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a neutral phosphate buffer solution containing 0.025 mol dm−3 (≡M) maltose in a half‐cell configuration. Furthermore, we improve the bioanode performance by changing the surfactant from cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to Triton X‐100® (TX), which is used as a carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersant in the bioanode preparation process. A superior current density of 17 mA cm−2 at 0.34 V vs. Ag/AgCl is demonstrated with the multi‐enzyme bioanode by using TX as the CNT dispersant, owing to the good dispersion of CNTs attached to CF and the reduced deactivation and leakage of the enzymes. A maltose/O2 biofuel cell, composed of the multi‐enzyme immobilized bioanode and a biocathode based on bilirubin oxidase and mediator, delivers a maximum power density of 2.3 mW cm−2 and an open‐circuit voltage of 0.69 V in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution containing 50 mM maltose.
Self‐assembly of Fluorescent Dehydroberberine Enhances Mitochondria‐Dependent Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: An Ruibing , Gu Zhanni , Sun Haifeng , Hu Yuxuan , Yan Runqi , Ye Deju , Liu Hong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSelective imaging and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in tumor cells using mitochondria‐targeting probes has become as a promising approach for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here, we report the design of a fluorescent berberine analog, dehydroberberine (DH‐BBR), as a new mitochondria‐targeting probe capable of self‐assembling into monodisperse organic nanoparticles (DTNPs) upon integration with a lipophilic counter anion, allowing for enhanced fluorescence imaging and treatment of tumors in living mice. X‐ray crystallography revealed that the self‐assembly process was attributed to a synergy of different molecular interactions, including π–π stacking, O⋅⋅⋅π interaction and electrostatic interaction between DH‐BBR and counter anions. We demonstrated that DTNPs could efficiently enter tumor tissue following intravenous injection and enhance mitochondrial delivery of DH‐BBR via an electrostatic interaction driven anion exchange process. Selective accumulation in the mitochondria capable of emitting strong fluorescence and causing mitochondrial dysfunction was achieved, enabling efficient inhibition of tumor growth in living mice. This study demonstrates promise for applying lipophilic anions to control molecular self‐assembly and tune antitumor activity of mitochondria‐targeting probes, which can facilitate to improve cancer treatment in vivo.
Post‐formation Copper‐Nitrogen Species on Carbon Black: Their Chemical Structures and Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xie Xin , Liu Jingjun , Li Tuanfeng , Song Ye , Wang Feng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe 3d transition metal and nitrogen co‐doped carbon materials (TM‐N‐C) are considered as the most promising next‐generation electrocatalysts, as alternatives to precious Pt, for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we have fabricated a Cu‐N‐C catalyst through directly grafting copper‐nitrogen complexes, composed by cuprous chloride and ammonia water, onto the surface of carbon black at 500 °C. In an alkaline environment, the synthesized catalyst exhibits excellent ORR catalytic activity, which is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst, but far exceeding that obtained by the original carbon. Moreover, the catalyst displays much better stability than Pt/C. The enhanced ORR performance is proven to originate from the post‐formation CuI−N2 and CuII−N4 sites at the carbon surface, as evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The possible ORR process catalyzed by these Cu−Nx species is discussed at the atomic level. This work provides a simple and fast synthesis strategy for efficient TM‐N‐C catalysts on a large scale for energy storage and conversion systems.
Alkyl Radical Generation by an Intramolecular Homolytic Substitution Reaction between Iron(II) and Trialkylsulfonium Groups
Authors: Jungen Stefan , Chen Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntramolecular, homolytic substitution reactions between iron(II) species and various trialkylsulfonium groups were directly observed in the gas phase upon collision‐induced dissociation. In spite of the notoriously low reduction potential of trialkylsulfonium species and the mismatched oxidation potential of iron(II), the reactions proceed at moderate collision energies, forming an alkyl radical as well as a thioether coordinated to the iron. In contrast to classical homolytic substitutions, the attacking radical is a “metalloradical”, namely iron(II) that is oxidized to iron(III) during the reaction. With this process we demonstrate that the conceptually analogous, putative radical generation step in radical S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM) enzymes is possible and plausible. Further, we show that this kind of reaction only occurs in constrained systems with a defined geometry. Combining experimental measurements with DFT studies and NBO analyses allowed us to gain insights into the reactivity and transition states of these systems. Based on our findings, we challenge the notion of a collinear transition state in the radical generation step of radical SAM enzymes and propose it to be bent instead.
Micellized Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium Catalysts Affording Preparative Amounts of Hydrated Electrons with a Green Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Naumann Robert , Lehmann Florian , Goez Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe have explored alkyl substitution of the ligands as a means to improve the performance of the title complexes in photoredox catalytic systems that produce synthetically useable amounts of hydrated electrons through photon pooling. Despite generating a super‐reductant, these electron sources only consume the bioavailable ascorbate and are driven by a green light‐emitting diode (LED). The substitutions influence the catalyst activity through the interplay of the quenching parameters, the recombination rate of the reduced catalyst OER and the ascorbyl radical across the micelle‐water interface, and the quantum yield of OER photoionization. Laser flash photolysis yields comprehensive information on all these processes and allows quantitative predictions of the activity observed in LED kinetics, but the latter method provides the only access to the catalyst stability under illumination on the timescale of the syntheses. The homoleptic complex with dimethylbipyridine ligands emerges as the optimum that combines an activity twice as high with an undiminished stability in relation to the parent compound. With this complex, we have effected dehalogenations of alkyl and aryl chlorides and fluorides, hydrogenations of carbon–carbon double bonds, and self‐ as well as cross‐coupling reactions. All the substrates employed are impervious to ordinary photoredox catalysts but present no problems to the hydrated electron as a super‐reductant. A particularly attractive application is selective deuteration with high isotopic purity, which is achieved simply by using heavy water as the solvent.
Aza‐Macrocyclic Triphenylamine Ligands for G‐Quadruplex Recognition
Authors: Pont Isabel , González‐García Jorge , Inclán Mario , Reynolds Matthew , Delgado‐Pinar Estefanía , Albelda M. Teresa , Vilar Ramon , García‐España Enrique 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA new series of triphenylamine‐based ligands with one (TPA1PY), two (TPA2PY) or three pendant aza‐macrocycle(s) (TPA3PY) has been synthesised and studied by means of pH‐metric titrations, UV/Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence experiments. The affinity of these ligands for G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA and the selectivity they show for G4s over duplex DNA were investigated by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assays, fluorimetric titrations and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Interestingly, the interactions of the bi‐ and especially the tri‐branched ligands with G4s lead to a very intense redshifted fluorescence emission band that may be associated with intermolecular aggregation between the molecule and DNA. This light‐up effect allows the application of the ligands as fluorescence probes to selectively detect G4s.
Drug photoallergy
Authors: Tokura Yoshiki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDrugs are one of the representative exogenous agents that cause photosensitive dermatitis. Both phototoxic and photoallergic mechanisms exist in photosensitivity to exogenous agents. While the phototoxic reaction is mediated mainly by reactive oxygen species, the photoallergic reaction is induced and elicited by immunological consequences. Two hypotheses have been put forward to explain the formation of photoallergen: prohapten and photohapten. The vast majority of clinically photoallergic drugs are photohapten rather than prohapten. Clinically, photocontact dermatitis and drug photosensitivity are the two major disorders caused by topical and systemic exogenous photosensitizers, respectively. The main cause of photocontact dermatitis is nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. In drug photosensitivity, various causative agents have been reported and are recently represented by hydrochlorothiazide, quinolones, piroxicam, and flutamide. Orally administered drugs diffuse from the blood to the epidermis, and keratinocytes are photoderivatized with a given drug upon ultraviolet (UV) A irradiation, leading to photoantigen formation and cytokine production. In parallel, dendritic cells become photohapten‐bearing, T‐cell–sensitizing cells. Considering the mechanisms of photoallergy to chemicals, several in vitro assessments have been proposed to detect the photoallergenicity. Finally, a recent observation with newly marketed drugs has demonstrated that drugs may function as immunomodulators and induce photosensitivity as typically seen in anti‐CCR4 antibody.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Isothiazole Based 1,2,4‐Trizaole Derivatives
Authors: Chen Lai , Wu Qifan , Fan Zhijin , Li Hongpeng , Li Jiwei , Hu Wenhao , Liu Xiumei , Belskaya Nataliya P , Glukhareva Tatiana , Zhao Bin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA series of novel 3,4‐dichloroisothiazole based 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS or elemental analysis; the typical crystal structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction for validation. All target compounds were evaluated for their in vitro fungicidal and in vivo anti‐TMV activities. The bioassay results indicated that compound 6b, namely 1‐(3,4‐dichloroisothiazol‐5‐yl)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)ethanol, exhibited excellent growth inhibition against B. cinerea, C. arachidicola and P. piricola with median effective concentrations (EC50) of 6.98, 2.73 and 3.07 μg/mL, respectively, and good in vivo anti‐TMV activity of over 60% of inactivation and induction activity at 100 μg/mL. These data demonstrate that compound 6b is both a fungicide and an anti‐TMV lead, deserving further studies.
Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Ceftobiprole in Asian and Non‐Asian Subjects
Authors: Muller A. E. , Punt N. , Engelhardt M. , Schmitt‐Hoffmann A. H. , Mouton J. W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCeftobiprole is a broad‐spectrum cephalosporin. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure of ceftobiprole in Asian subjects are similar to those in non‐Asian subjects. Three approaches were followed. The first compared the individual PK estimates between the 2 subgroups derived from a population PK model previously built. Next, it was determined whether “Asian subject” was a significant covariate. Finally, a pharmacodynamic analysis was performed by comparing measures of exposure and target attainment. No significant differences were found between PK parameter estimates for Asian and non‐Asian subjects, with median values (range) for clearance of 4.82 L/h (2.12–10.47) and 4.97 L/h (0.493–20.6), respectively (P = .736). “Asian subject” was not a significant covariate in the population PK model. There were no significant differences between the measures of exposure. The geometric mean ratio for the fAUC was 1.022 (90%CI, 0.91–1.15), indicating bioequivalence. Taking a target of 60% coverage of the dose interval, more than 90% of the population in both subgroups was adequately exposed. This analysis demonstrated that there are no PK or pharmacodynamic differences between Asian and non‐Asian subjects for a ceftobiprole dose of 500 mg every 8 hours as a 2‐hour infusion.
Adaptive changes in pancreas post Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass induced weight loss
Authors: Lautenbach A. , Wernecke M. , Riedel N. , Veigel J. , Yamamura J. , Keller S. , Jung R. , Busch P. , Mann O. , Knop F.K. , Holst J.J. , Meier J.J. , Aberle J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundObesity has been shown to trigger adaptive increases in pancreas parenchymal and fat volume. Consecutively, pancreatic steatosis may lead to beta‐cell dysfunction. However, it is not known whether the pancreatic tissue components decrease with weight loss and pancreatic steatosis is reversible following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the effects of RYGB‐induced weight loss on pancreatic volume and glucose homeostasis.MethodsEleven patients were recruited in the Obesity Centre of the University Medical Centre Hamburg‐Eppendorf. Before and 6 months after RYGB, total GLP‐1 levels were measured during oral glucose tolerance test. To assess changes in visceral adipose tissue and pancreatic volume, MRI was performed. Measures of glucose homeostasis and insulin indices were assessed. Fractional beta‐cell area was estimated by correlation with the C‐peptide‐to‐glucose ratio; beta‐cell mass was calculated by the product of beta‐cell area and pancreas parenchymal weight.ResultsPancreas volume decreased from 83.8 (75.7‐92.0) to 70.5 (58.8‐82.3) cm3 (mean [95% CI], P = .001). The decrease in total volume was associated with a significant decrease in fat volume. Fasting insulin and C‐peptide were lower post RYGB. HOMA‐IR levels decreased, whereas insulin sensitivity increased (P = .03). This was consistent with a reduction in the estimated beta‐cell area and mass.ConclusionsFollowing RYGB, pancreatic volume and steatosis adaptively decreased to “normal” levels with accompanying improvement in glucose homeostasis. Moreover, obesity‐driven beta‐cell expansion seems to be reversible; however, future studies must define a method to more accurately estimate functional beta‐cell mass to increase our understanding of glucose homeostasis after RYGB.
A biogeographical profile of the sand cockroach Arenivaga floridensis and its bearing on origin hypotheses for Florida scrub biota
Authors: Lamb Trip , Justice Teresa C. , Brewer Michael S. , Moler Paul E. , Hopkins Heidi , Bond Jason E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFlorida scrub is a xeric ecosystem associated with the peninsula's sand ridges, whose intermittent Pliocene–Pleistocene isolation is considered key to scrub endemism. One scrub origin hypothesis posits endemics were sourced by the Pliocene dispersal of arid‐adapted taxa from southwestern North America; a second invokes Pleistocene migration within eastern North America. Only one study to date has explicitly tested these competing hypotheses, supporting an eastern origin for certain scrub angiosperms. For further perspective, we conducted a genetic analysis of an endemic arthropod, the Florida sand cockroach (Arenivaga floridensis), with two aims: (1) to reconstruct the peninsular colonization and residence history of A. floridensis and (2) determine whether its biogeographic profile favors either origin hypothesis. We sequenced the cox2 mitochondrial gene for 237 specimens (65 populations) as well as additional loci (cox1, nuclear H3) for a subset of Florida roaches and congeners. Using Network and Bayesian inference methods, we identified three major lineages whose genetic differentiation and phylogeographical structure correspond with late Pliocene peninsula insularization, indicating Arenivaga was present and broadly distributed in Florida at that time. Stem and crown divergence estimates (6.36 Ma; 2.78 Ma) between A. floridensis and western sister taxa span a period of extensive dispersal by western biota along an arid Gulf Coast corridor. These phylogeographical and phylogenetic results yield a biogeographic profile consistent with the western origin hypothesis. Moreover, age estimates for the roach's peninsular residence complement those of several other endemics, favoring a Pliocene (or earlier) inception of the scrub ecosystem. We argue that eastern versus western hypotheses are not mutually exclusive; rather, a composite history of colonization involving disparate biotas better explains the diverse endemism of Florida scrub.
Electrostatic energy dependence of intensity ratio between nitrogen spectral lines of monovalent ion and neutral atom in electrostatic spark discharge in air
Authors: Miura Takashi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor the development of a practical method to estimate the energy of electrostatic air discharge without electrical measurements, the dependence of spectral characteristics of light emission from the spark discharge on electrostatic energy was investigated. It was found that the relative light intensity emitted from a monovalent positive ion of nitrogen (N II) to a nitrogen atom (N I) increased with the electrostatic energy from 0.02 mJ to 20 mJ. In the same electrostatic energy, the intensity ratio, that is the intensity of N II divided by that of N I, increased with the decrease of applied voltage. This implied that the ratio becomes large when increasing the electrostatic energy divided by the breakdown gap length. Separating the measurements into similar voltage groups, the relation between the ratio and the electrostatic energy became clear.
Study on Catalytic Performance and Deactivation Behavior of HZSM‐5 in Aromatization of Glycerol
Authors: Wang Fei , Chu Xiaozhong , Zhu Fengxia , Li Qiaoqi , Wu Feiyue , Liu Binghua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe have investigated both the catalytic performance and deactivation behavior of HZSM‐5 under aromatization of glycerol condition which represents an alternative aromatics manufacturing route for using “green” fuel sources to replace the traditional fossil fuels. The effects of solvents, glycerol contents, reaction temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on product distribution and coking process over HZSM‐5 were studied. Three stages could be clearly distinguished in HZSM‐5 catalyzed glycerol to aromatics (GTA) process: induction stage, auto‐catalytic stage and rapid deactivation stage. The synergetic effect between methanol and glycerol promoted the conversion of glycerol dehydrated products into aromatic hydrocarbons, resulting in higher yields of aromatics and lower coking rate. More glycerol content in the feed would result in more low temperature coke originated from aldehydes/ketones and less high temperature coke derived from polyaromatics. Under the selected optimum reaction conditions of 450 °C, WHSV=0.71 mL ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 with an methanol/glycerol ratio of 40/60 over HZSM‐5 catalyst, the aromatics yields reached 42.1 % and the catalyst lifetime was 14.5 h. Higher temperature and lower WHSV benefited the production of harder coke while lower temperature and higher WHSV enhances the formation of softer coke.
Balancing QoS and power consumption in programmable 5G infrastructures
Authors: Carrega Alessandro , Portomauro Giancarlo , Repetto Matteo , Robino Giorgio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe advent of fifth generation is promising to push far more intelligence than today to the network boundary, hence boosting novel computing models based on fog/edge paradigms. The need for proximity in computation, coupled with various forms of mobility, will be responsible for dynamic shifting of workload within the system, with large fluctuations in resource usage. This eventually turns into poor energy efficiency of the whole infrastructure. However, improving efficiency usually deteriorates quality of service, hence the dilemma about how to balance these two contrasting aspects.In this paper, we propose a framework that leverages the increasing programmability of ICT infrastructures to pursue a linear relationship between power consumption and workload, while safeguarding quality of service. Our approach is based on workload consolidation and extensions to existing cloud management software. We collected both real measurements from an experimental testbed and performance analysis from simulations to evaluate the consolidation strategy in more complex environments.