bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating optimum gear ratios of a two-stage helical reducer with first stage double gear sets
Authors: Pi Vu Ngoc , Thi Hong Tran , Thi Phuong Thao Tran , Khac Tuan Nguyen , Hung Le Xuan , Anh Tung Luu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a study on the determination of the optimum gear ratios of a two-stage helical reducer with first stage double gear sets. In the study, an optimization problem was built in order to find the optimum gear ratios of the reducer. In the optimization problem, the objective function was the reducer cross section area. Also, the influence of the input factors including the total reducer ratio, the wheel face width coefficient, the allowable contact stress and the output torque were evaluated. In order to investigate the effects of these factors on the optimum gear ratios, a simulation experiment was designed and conducted. In addition, equations for calculating the optimum gear ratios were introduced. By using these equations, the gear ratios can be determined accurately in a simple way.
Study on Film Characteristics of Piston-Cylinder Interface of High-Pressure Common Rail Radial Piston Pump with Micro Motion
Authors: Qi Bo , Zhang Yong , Meng Guoyou , Ding Yao , Ye Ming 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
When the high-pressure common rail radial piston pump works, the piston is subjected to film pressure and cam driving force, resulting in some micro-motion such as offset and inclination. A large number of theoretical studies have shown that the micro-motion of piston has an important effect on the film characteristics of piston-cylinder interface. In this paper, according to the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication, Reynolds equation and film thickness equation of piston micro-motion are established, and solve the problem of the lubricant film of the piston-cylinder interface under different working conditions. The results show that the working pressure and cam speed have great influence on the film characteristics of piston-cylinder interface with micro-motion. The research results provide theoretical support for the optimization of the film parameters of the piston-cylinder interface.
Advantages of using virtual reality and building information modelling when assessing suitability of various heat sources, including renewable energy sources
Authors: Chudikova B , Faltejsek M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The pace of changes in the construction industry is constantly accelerating. It includes 3D modeling, utilization of drones, 3D printing and virtual or augmented reality. Augmented reality combines something real, such as existing buildings, with expanded 2D or 3D digital information about individual technologies or planned changes, and the actual projection of individual elements into a given (even hidden) space. It can be a key for improving project engineering processes, subsequent maintenance or more efficient renovation procedures. Virtual and augmented realities need 3D building models, i.e. incorporation of building information modelling. Building information modelling (BIM) is a modern and efficient solution process that incorporates the entire building life cycle, based on a realistic model and information. Individual building technical equipment, i.e. including heat sources, to a certain extent influence the internal structure of individual buildings, particularly in the case of a more complex structures. The article describes some of the modern technologies that can be applied to the administration, maintenance and implementation of building technical equipment. Such technologies can also help when deciding about the most suitable heat source for a given building. The article points out the benefits of incorporating these modern technologies.
Simulation of heavy-duty engine based on flexible multi-body dynamics
Authors: Li Wen , Chen Lei , Liu Jintao , Liu Zhenxing , Zhuang Baotang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
For heavy-duty diesel engine, the structural flexibility of the crankshaft and the engine block has an important influence on the dynamic characteristics of the engine. The deformation and modal resonance generated at work must be considered. Therefore, the multi-body dynamic analysis of the crankshaft and the body structure is based on the flexible body model of the crankshaft and the body. In this paper diesel engine dynamics behaviour is analysed based on flexible multi-body method. The dynamic substructure condensation method is used to reduce the he shaft and the bearing block, obtain the flexible body model of the crankshaft and the body, reduce the computational solution scale, and improve the computational efficiency.
Simulation of nozzle position optimization based on single-phase flow
Authors: Chen Guang , Zhou Yuancong , Qian Xuelin , Wu Wenmin , Zhao Yifan , Hu Yumei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The numerical simulation on the lubrication of the complex gearbox was studied and an optimization for its injection lubrication system was carried out. Firstly, a pair of high speed gear test bench was built and related experiments were completed. The experimental results verified the correctness of the numerical simulation modeling method. Then the numerical model of the injection lubrication of the complex gear box was established, the simulation analysis was carried out. The results show that the overlong injection distance, the angle of the end face and the arrangement of the nozzle in the out of mesh side are not good for lubrication. And there is a trace in the center plane of the two meshing gear, along which the ejected oil will be under the least impact of the high speed airflow that driven by the rotating gears. When the nozzle axis is in the direction of the trace, the gear lubrication condition is the best.
Study and comparison on mechanical properties of various polymers reinforced with ground tires rubber (GTR)
Authors: Marín-Genescà M , García-Amorós J , Bordes-Arroyo J , Mujal-Rosas R , Vidal Ll Massagués 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The recycling of worn tires is a big challenge nowadays and it is necessary for environmental and economic reasons: mass production of tires, as well as the difficult storage or elimination is a real environmental problem. Various methods for recycling tires are currently used, such as mechanical grinding, which puts vulcanized rubber, steel and fibers apart. The rubber may be used in several industrial applications as flooring, insulations, footwear, etc. The aim of this paper focuses on finding a new application for the old used tires (GTR). Tires dust and 7 different polymers have been mixed, and we have checked the maximum accepted values of GTR that can be admitted while keeping mechanical properties within acceptable values, as well as initial polymer microstructure. This would allow including GTR in industrial applications of recycled polymers. The recycled tire dust which results from the industrial milling processes has been divided by categories according to the size of the particles. This has been mixed with different polymers, in different GTR concentrations in order to establish its conduct through mechanical test. With the present study it is intended to give a second outlet to the tires out of use, demonstrating the feasibility of the mechanical properties analyzed.
Orthogonal Experimental Study on Two Side-direction Burrs of Grind-hardening Workpiece Based on Transverse Feed
Authors: Gao Shunxing , Liu Judong , Jin Jiawei , Xu Zhilong , Yang Xiaofan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Based on the orthogonal experiment, the influences of grinding depth (a
p), the workpiece feeding rate (v
w) and the transverse regrinding value (C
r) on two side-direction burr of 40Cr steel large-plane grind-hardening workpiece were investigated. The results show that, under the coupling of heat and force in the grind-hardening process, the surface metal of the workpiece metal flows toward the unconstrained direction on both sides, resulting in the formation of the burr. The grinding depth and the workpiece feeding rate become leading factors affecting the size of the burr. Moreover, the significance of three factors to the size of the burrs is as follows: the grinding depth (a
p) > the workpiece feeding rate (v
w) > the transverse regrinding value (C
r). The result showed that the maximum size of the first-pass and the second-pass burr would increase with the increasing of the grinding depth and the transverse regrinding value in grind-hardening processes, but it decreases with the workpiece feeding rate. The optimal process parameters are a
p=0.1mm, v
w=0.8m/min, and C
r=1mm under the experiment conditions.
Development of a 3-y-old Pediatric Cervical Spine Finite Element Model
Authors: Li Na , Wei Wei , Wu Siwen , Du Xian ping , Liu Yin , Rong Pengfei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A 3-year-old pediatric cervical spine finite element (FE) model with detailed anatomical and material properties was developed and validated against cadaver tests under both quasi-static loadings. First, bone geometry was reconstructed based on high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans, and elastic-plastic material was defined to simulate the cortical and cancellous bones. To simulate various ligament tears during dynamic tensile, ligament failure was defined using force versus displacement curves, which had a sigmoidal shape governed by three control points. To better represent the complicated structure of the disc, nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus substrate and four pairs of reinforced fiber lamina, intervertebral discs were defined using composite materials combined with viscoelastic material, hill foam material and four pairs of reinforced fiber lamina, respectively. This FE model could be utilized in prediction of cervical spine fracture, ligament and disc tear underlying pediatric cervical injuries.
Finite Element Analysis of Fatigue Crack of Square Bird-Beak X-joints Under Brace Axial Loading
Authors: Adhikari P , Huang F , Cheng B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical study of the fatigue crack propagation of square bird-beak hollow section welded X-joints. A pair of axial forces were applied at the brace ends, while the chord ends were free. Finite element modelling was done in ABAQUS while FRANC3D was used for the computation of stress intensity factor and crack propagation. The initial crack inserted at the site of maximum stress concentration. Paris’ law was used to compute the fatigue life. The results obtained from the finite element analysis compared with the experimental data, and the predicted crack growth was found to be in good agreement with the test observations. For such joints, the surface cracks length vs. fatigue crack growth curve proposed to ensure practicability in real applications.
Response Surface Methodology for Optimization Studies of Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from Vietnamese Citrus aurantifolia (Lemon fruit)
Authors: Hien Tran Thien , Duc Lam Tri , Tien Nguyen Van , Phat Dao Tan , Hong Nhan Le Thi , Quoc Toan Tran , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Anh Vy Tran , Bui Le Minh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation extraction technique was applied to extract the essential oil from Vietnamese Citrus aurantifolia (Lemon fruit). The optimal conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of lemon fruit oil was determined by response surface methodology. A central composite design (CCD) was used to estimate the effects of three independent variables plant material to extraction time (B: 30, 60, 90 min), microwave power (C: 300, 450, 600 W), and solvent ratio (A: 2, 3, 4 mL/g)., and on the extraction yield of Lemon fruit oil. The optimal extraction conditions of Citrus aurantifolia oil was plant material to solvent ratio 2.80 mL/g, extraction time 63.29 min and microwave power 477.82W. The maximum Lemon fruit oil yield was 2.427%. Under the extraction condition, the experimental values matched with the anticipated results by analysis of variance. It showed high fitness of the model used and the benefit of response surface methodology for optimizing and indicate the expected extraction condition.
Application of Box–Behnken design with Response Surface Methodology for Modeling and Optimizing Microwave-assisted Hydro-distillation of Essential Oil from Citrus reticulata Blanco Peel
Authors: Hien Tran Thien , Phat Dao Tan , Chinh Nguyen Duy , Duc Lam Tri , Trung Do Sy , Quoc Toan Tran , Thanh Huong Nguyen Thi , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Giang Bach Long , Duy Nguyen Trinh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this research, microwave-assisted hydro-distillation and Response Surface Methodology were selected for optimizing factors affecting the yield of essential oil from Citrus reticulate Blanco peels. This combined process was successfully modeled and optimized using a Box–Behnken design with response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of the material and water ratios, extraction time and microwave power on the extraction essential oils, efficiency of Citrus reticulata Blanco Peel were investigated. The optimal conditions for the Citrus reticulate Blanco peels oils yield were found to be a material and water ratios were 3.1:1mL/g, extraction time was 91.24 min, microwave power at 478 (W). Furthermore, analysis of variance indicated that the proposed quadratic model successfully interpreted the experimental data with coefficients of determination of the predicted R2 of 0.9909 concurred with the adjusted R2 of 0.9826. A confirmation test of the optimal conditions verified the validity of the model, yielding an essential oil efficiency of 5.5
Preparation and High Temperature Tensile Mechanical Properties of Multilayer Metal Hot Forging Die Specimens
Authors: Wang Huajun , Gao Ye , Yao Liang , Qi Zhenzhen , Zhu Chundong , Liu Qingyang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe bonding strength of cladding is the key to the normal use of multilayer metal hot forging die. This paper presents a method of multilayer metal specimens prepared by PTAW. The specimens are selected H13 steel as the substrate, M2 steel as the transition layer, Ni60A alloy as the high temperature cladding, and the high temperature tensile test is performed on the Gleeble 3500 machine. The research results show that the substrate and cladding have good metallurgical bonding and the cladding hardness is higher than the substrate. Compared with H13 specimens, tensile strength of cladding metal specimens increase, elongation and yield strength decrease. All tensile fractures appeared on the H13 substrate during the experiment. It indicates that the cladding strength and bonding strength are higher than the substrate and the high temperature strength of cladding metal hot forging die is overall superior to H13 hot forging die.
Thermal and hydraulic performance of micro pin fin heat sinks with different pin fin shapes
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Liang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Efficient cooling of high heat flux devices has promoted the development of micro pin fin heat sinks. In this study, four micro pin fin heat sinks (MPFHSs) with different pin fin shapes, i.e., circular, square and diamond and streamline ones are fabricated by laser micromilling methods. Their single-phase heat transfer and fluid flow performance are explored to assess the pin fin shape effect. Convective flow tests are conducted at Reynolds number of 150-750 at two heat fluxes using deionized water as the coolants. It was found that the streamline MPFHS presented the best heat transfer performance. On the contrary, the diamond fin pin heat sink presented the worst heat transfer performance, whereas it featured the smallest pressure drop among the four MPFHSs. The diamond micro pin fins showed the smallest thermal resistance at a certain pressure drop, and should be selected as the optimum one for the MPFHS applications when the overall thermal and hydraulic performance is considered.
Synthesized BiVO4 was by the co-precipitation method for Rhodamine B degradation under visible light
Authors: Duy Nguyen Trinh , Cao Vu Dai , Huu Nguyen Vinh , Xuan Nong Linh , Duy Luu Tuan , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Do Sy Trung , Duc Lam Tri 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recently, BiVO4 photocatalysts has been received much attention in field of catalysts. Because it can be used to degrade harmful organic catalysts in visible light, irradiation produces CO2, H2O and less harmful organic matter. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a BiVO4 photocatalysts via co-precipitation method in the presence of urea and different calcined temperatures. The survey calcined temperatures as 300°C; 350°C; 400°C and 450°C. The obtained materials were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible compact Philip lamp (40W) light irradiation. The result indicates that all samples calcined are monoclinic scheelite structure of BiVO4. The BiVO4-350°C sample performed the best in the photodegradation of RhB.
Research Progress of Blade Coatings in Wwind Turbines
Authors: Tang Meiling , Huang Lizhe , Wang Jianyu , Guan Duojiao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
With the expansion of wind turbine capacity, blade technology is evolving. Correspondingly, the preparation of the surface coatings of the blade should develop rapidly. Since most of the wind farms in China are built in deserts and oceans, the protection of the blades is particularly important. Blade coatings protect the blade’s normal operation and extend its service life. The work discussed the preparation materials for wind turbine blade coatings and the difficulties faced by the development of coatings in China.
Study on Base Resin of Fire-proof and Anticorrosive Steel Structure Coatings
Authors: Shi Jun , Yang Yuan quan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Study on the effect of waterborne epoxy resin on coating properties. The experimental results show that the basic and mechanical properties of the paint film will be enhanced with the appropriate increase of curing agent. When the amount of waterborne epoxy resin: curing agent = 1:1.25, the film performance is the best. When the curing agent content continues to increase, it will affect the performance of the coating; The amount of distilled water in waterborne epoxy resin also affects the performance of the paint film. When the amount of waterborne epoxy resin: distilled water consumption = 1:1.25, the film performance is the best, When the amount of distilled water continues to increase, the viscosity, impact strength and hardness of the paint film begin to decrease.
Analysis of the Correlation Degree between Safety Condition and Influencing Factors of Heavy Machinery
Authors: Luo Hongqi , Liu Xia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It is important to research the relationship of safety condition and its influencing factors in heavy machinery industry. The influence level of factors on the death toll in ten thousand special equipment is analysed, which includes the main business income of heavy machinery, standard quantity, operators of special equipment, number of safety supervision organization and accident frequency. The correlation degree between the accident frequency and the death toll in ten thousand special equipment is 0.699, while the correlation degree for standard number, special equipment operators and safety supervision organization is 0.540, 0.514 and 0.512, respectively. The accident frequency has the most significant impact on the death toll in ten thousand special equipment, followed by the standard number, special equipment operators and safety supervision organization, while the main business income has the least impact. It shows that promoting local legislation and standards are conducive to improving the safety condition of heavy machinery in China.
Development of solar-light-driven photocatalyst for energy and environmental application
Authors: Liu Na , Zhu Qi , Zhang Nan , Wang Jiayun , Yang Yingnan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Efficient utilization of solar energy could relieve many energy and environmental problems. Overall photocatalytic water-splitting using solar energy has received enormous attention for production of renewable hydrogen from water. Recently, a novel Ag3PO4 photocatalyst with band gap of 2.43 eV, possessing remarkable photocatalytic ability for organic dye degradation has been reported. In this work a highly efficient photocatalyst P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 has been synthesized and characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, XPS, UV-vis and PL respectively. The results suggest that a highly efficient photocatalyst P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 has been synthesized successfully and performed strong absorption band in visible-light region, high separation efficiency of photo excited electron-hole pairs and small band gap (approximately 2.2 eV). On the other hand, Rodamine B (RhB) and methanol are representative organic compounds that can be used as sacrificial reagent for increasing water-splitting efficiency. For the purpose of identifying the possibility of generating oxygen and hydrogen by the as-prepared P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 under simulated solar irradiation, the accumulated amount of oxygen and hydrogen was evaluated. The results showed that the optimal conditions of water-splitting process by using the mixture of RhB and methanol under solar light is 20% of methanol, 1.0 ppm of RhB and 0.100 g/L of catalyst dosage. In summary, as-prepared P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 composite has the potential for environmental and energy application under solar light.
Influence of the Pressure of Open-Close Water-Cooled Moulds on Casting/Mould Interface Heat Transfer and Casting Solidification Process
Authors: Yao Q H , Zeng Y D , He L T , Zhang J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the experimental model for a self-designed open-close water-cooled mould was utilized to measure the temperature curves of various points inside the casting and mould under different mould pressure. The Interface heat transfer coefficient(IHTC) of the casting/water-cooled mould interface was calculated by using the Beck nonlinear estimation back-calculation method, and on this basis, the rule of how pressure affects heat transfer coefficient was obtained. Then the coefficient can be defined as the boundary condition(BC) to simulate the solidification process of the experimental casting. The results showed that the simulation outcome considering the influence of pressure was completely different from those of general water-cooled moulds, which can be proved by the about 35% solidification time decrease, visibly reduced shrinkage porosity area in the casting and more accurate simulation results. The anatomical results of the experimental casting also confirmed this.