bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of diabetes on clinical periodontal outcomes following non‐surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Hsu Yung‐Ting , Nair Maya , Angelov Nikola , Lalla Evanthia , Lee Chun‐Teh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes of non‐surgical periodontal therapy.Materials and MethodsSearches were conducted in electronic databases to screen studies published from January 1960 to August 2018. The included studies had at least two groups of patients: chronic periodontitis only (P) or both diabetes and chronic periodontitis (DMP). Outcomes of interest included the difference between the two groups in probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain following non‐surgical periodontal therapy. Meta‐regression was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the outcomes of interest and contributing factors.ResultsA total of 12 studies with a follow‐up period up to 6 months were included. There was no significant difference in PD reduction (p = 0.55) or CAL gain (p = 0.65) between the two groups. A positive association between PD reduction and baseline PD difference (p = 0.03), and a negative association between PD reduction and age (p = 0.04) were found. The level of HbA1c at baseline did not significantly affect the difference in PD reduction (p = 0.39) or CAL gain (p = 0.44) between two groups.ConclusionsRecognizing the study's limitations, we conclude that diabetes mellitus (HbA1c ≤ 8.5%) does not appear to significantly affect short‐term clinical periodontal outcomes of non‐surgical periodontal treatment.
Genetic and environmental contributions to the association between mood disorder and periodontal disease: A cross‐sectional study among female twins in the UK
Authors: Kurushima Yuko , Bowyer Ruth , Ide Mark , Hughes Francis J. , Steves Claire J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with periodontal traits considering genetic and environmental background in predominantly older female twins.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study using self‐reported questionnaires for periodontal traits in TwinsUK. Age‐adjusted and age‐stratified multivariate analyses were conducted for all twins. Subsequently, co‐twin control analysis within genetically identical twins who were discordant for periodontal traits was performed by controlling for genetic confounders.ResultsData of twins aged 20–91 were available in 4,143 individuals for self‐reported periodontitis and 4,244 for gum bleeding. Age‐adjusted model showed increasing risk in the following: smoking, anxiety/stress and depression for both periodontal traits. Within discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins (514 individuals for periodontitis and 754 for gum bleeding), the association of anxiety/stress remained significant for both periodontitis (OR 1.60, CI: 1.02–2.52) and gum bleeding (OR 1.60, CI: 1.06–2.40). A significant relationship for depression remained for periodontitis (OR 1.68, CI: 1.04–2.70), but it was no longer significant for gum bleeding. Age stratification showed that the association of mood disorders with periodontal traits was generally stronger in older group.ConclusionsMultivariate analysis among discordant MZ female twins found mood disorders were independently associated with periodontal traits, suggesting that genetic/early‐life environmental factors may not explain this association.
The Competing Risk of Death in Longitudinal Geriatric Outcomes
Authors: Murphy Terrence E. , Gill Thomas M. , Leo‐Summers Linda S. , Gahbauer Evelyne A. , Pisani Margaret A. , Ferrante Lauren E. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo address the competing risk of death in longitudinal studies of older persons, we demonstrate sensitivity analyses that evaluate robustness of associations between exposures and three outcome types: dichotomous, count, and time to event.DesignA secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study.SettingCommunity‐based data from the Precipitating Events Project in New Haven, CT.ParticipantsPersons 70 years and older who were initially community dwelling and without disability in the four basic activities of daily living (N = 754).MeasurementsMissing outcome values from decedents were multiply imputed under different scenarios. Three outcomes were examined: dichotomous fall‐related hospitalization (FRH); a count (0‐13) of total disability in each of the 6 months after discharge; and days to functional recovery among those whose disability worsened in the hospital. Each outcome had a different exposure: for dichotomous, indicators of being overweight or obese; for count, frailty from the Fried phenotype (0‐5, where not frail = 0, prefrail = 1‐2, and frail = 3‐5); for days to recovery, vision impairment.ResultsFor FRH, being overweight or obese lost significance when decedents were kept in the risk pool without outcome events for over 10 years. For disability count and time to recovery, with follow‐up of 6 months, exposures only lost significance under highly implausible clinical scenarios.ConclusionThis method facilitates evaluation of potential bias from the competing risk of death in longitudinal studies for nondeath outcomes that are not necessarily time to event. Results suggest that death introduces substantive bias when long‐term follow‐up results in cumulatively high levels of mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:357–362, 2019.
Cryptococcus gattii infection complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in three apparently immunocompetent children
Authors: O'Brien Matthew P , Ford Timothy J , Currie Bart J , Francis Joshua R 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundPaediatric Cryptococcus gattii disease is rare, with only two previous cases recorded in the Northern Territory (NT) over the last 54 years. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a recognised complication of C. gattii infection, even in the absence of an identified immunodeficiency syndrome; however, limited paediatric data exist. We present a series of three paediatric patients treated for C. gattii infection in the NT during 2016/2017.Case DiscussionsAll three cases were males aged 8–13 years at the time of presentation. Two were Aboriginal Australians from remote NT communities, and the third was a Timorese child from a remote district in Timor‐Leste. All cases had evidence of brain cryptococcomas, and two had associated pulmonary lesions. Each child was treated with a 6‐week induction phase of intravenous liposomal amphotericin and flucytosine and then continued on a 2‐year course of eradication oral fluconazole. Persistent high intracranial pressure (ICP) complicated each case, requiring serial lumbar punctures and, in two cases, insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. All three cases were diagnosed with IRIS between 5 and 10 weeks after commencement of antifungal treatment and were managed with high‐dose corticosteroids, which were weaned slowly (6–20 months post‐commencement).ConclusionsPaediatric C. gattii disease is rare, although three recent cases in the NT highlight some of the challenges involved in managing the infection, including persistent raised ICP and complications such as IRIS. There is a need for further collaborative research into paediatric C. gattii disease.
HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL AND PALAEO‐DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF LACUSTRINE SOURCE ROCKS: MIDDLE JURASSIC SHIMENGOU FORMATION, NORTHERN QAIDAM BASIN, NW CHINA
Authors: Meng Q. T. , Bechtel A. , Sachsenhofer R. F. , Liu Z. J. , Gross D. , Sun P. C. , Hu F. , Li L. , Wang K. B , Xu C. , Chen L. L. , Zeng W. R. 
Published: December 2018

The Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation in the Qaidam Basin, NW China, includes coals and lacustrine source rocks which locally reach oil shale quality (i.e. yielding >3.5 % oil on low‐temperature distillation). In the present study, the palaeo‐depositional environment and hydrocarbon potential of the 84.5 m thick Shale Member of the Shimengou Formation are investigated based on bulk geochemical parameters, organic petrographic data, biomarker analysis, and stable isotope geochemistry of 88 core samples.The Shale Member was deposited in an anoxic freshwater lake which formed following the drowning of a precursor low‐lying mire. Variations in bulk geochemical parameters allow four informal units to be identified, referred to (from the base up) as Units 1 to 4. These contain intervals of oil shale of varying thicknesses. In Unit 1, mudstones in the interval referred to as oil shale Layer 1 (true thickness [TD]: 2.06 m) are OM‐rich as a result of algal blooms and photic zone anoxia, and correspond to an initial flooding event. Subsequently, productivity of aquatic organisms decreased, resulting in the deposition of organic‐lean mudstones in Unit 2. Oil shale Layers 2 (TD: 2.03 m) and 3 (TD: 8.03 m) near the base of Unit 3 were deposited during maximum water depths. As with Layer 1, high productivity by algal blooms resulted in photic zone anoxia in a stratified water column. The shales in the upper part of Unit 3 are characterized by high TOC contents and a gradual increased input of terrigenous OM, and were deposited in a stable semi‐deep lake. Finally, organic‐lean mudstones in Unit 4 were deposited in shallow lacustrine conditions. The reconstruction of depositional environments in thick, non‐marine shale‐rich successions by mineralogical, petrographic and inorganic geochemical methods may be challenging as a result of the homogenous composition of component mudstones. The results of this study indicate, however, that sub‐division and basin‐wide correlation of such intervals can be achieved by organic geochemical analyses.Oil shales and organic‐rich mudstones in Units 1 and 3 of the Shimengou Formation Shale Member are excellent oil‐prone source‐rocks with a Source Potential Index of 3.2 t HC/m2. Considering the large area covered by the Shimengou Formation in the northern Qaidam Basin (∼34,000 km2), the results of this study highlight the regional significance for future petroleum exploration. They indicate that variations in organic productivity and dilution by minerals are key factors controlling the abundance and type of organic matter in the formation. An understanding of these factors will assist with the identification of exploration targets.
Multiple chromosomal rearrangements in a hybrid zone betweenLittorina saxatilisecotypes
Authors: Faria Rui , Chaube Pragya , Morales Hernán E. , Larsson Tomas , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon Emily M. , Rafajlović Marina , Panova Marina , Ravinet Mark , Johannesson Kerstin , Westram Anja M. , Butlin Roger K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBoth classical and recent studies suggest that chromosomal inversion polymorphisms are important in adaptation and speciation. However, biases in discovery and reporting of inversions make it difficult to assess their prevalence and biological importance. Here, we use an approach based on linkage disequilibrium among markers genotyped for samples collected across a transect between contrasting habitats to detect chromosomal rearrangements de novo. We report 17 polymorphic rearrangements in a single locality for the coastal marine snail,Littorina saxatilis. Patterns of diversity in the field and of recombination in controlled crosses provide strong evidence that at least the majority of these rearrangements are inversions. Most show clinal changes in frequency between habitats, suggestive of divergent selection, but only one appears to be fixed for different arrangements in the two habitats. Consistent with widespread evidence for balancing selection on inversion polymorphisms, we argue that a combination of heterosis and divergent selection can explain the observed patterns and should be considered in other systems spanning environmental gradients.
Characterization of the atypical Ppz/Hal3 phosphatase system from the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Zhang Chunyi , García‐Rodas Rocío , Molero Cristina , de Oliveira Haroldo Cesar , Tabernero Lydia , Reverter David , Zaragoza Oscar , Ariño Joaquín 
Published: December 2018

SummaryPpz Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PPases) are found only in fungi and have been proposed as potential antifungal targets. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ppz1 (ScPpz1) is involved in regulation of monovalent cation homeostasis. ScPpz1 is inhibited by two regulatory proteins, Hal3 and Vhs3, which have moonlighting properties, contributing to the formation of an unusual heterotrimeric PPC decarboxylase (PPCDC) complex crucial for CoA biosynthesis. Here we report the functional characterization of CnPpz1 (CNAG_03673) and two possible Hal3‐like proteins, CnHal3a (CNAG_00909) and CnHal3b (CNAG_07348) from the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Deletion of CnPpz1 or CnHal3b led to phenotypes unrelated to those observed in the equivalent S. cerevisiae mutants, and the CnHal3b‐deficient strain was less virulent. CnPpz1 is a functional PPase and partially replaced endogenous ScPpz1. Both CnHal3a and CnHal3b interact with ScPpz1 and CnPpz1 in vitro but do not inhibit their phosphatase activity. Consistently, when expressed in S. cerevisiae, they poorly reproduced the Ppz1‐regulatory properties of ScHal3. In contrast, both proteins were functional monogenic PPCDCs. The CnHal3b isoform was crystallized and, for the first time, the 3D‐structure of a fungal PPCDC elucidated. Therefore, our work provides the foundations for understanding the regulation and functional role of the Ppz1‐Hal3 system in this important pathogenic fungus.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound for identifying circulatory complications after liver transplants in children
Authors: Torres Alvaro , Koskinen Seppo K. , Gjertsen Henrik , Fischler Björn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOur main goal with this study was to share our off‐label experience with CEUS for identifying circulatory complications after liver transplantation in children. A total of 74 CEUS examinations performed on 34 pediatric patients who underwent a liver transplant were retrospectively included. About 53% of the examinations were performed on children 2 years old or younger. About 82% of the examinations were performed within 30 days from the transplant. About 62% of patients were transplanted due to a cholestatic disease, 11% due to a metabolic disease, 8% were re‐transplanted due to graft failure, and 19% was due to other conditions. BA was the most common reason for transplantation and represented 38% of patients. About 38% of the transplantations were performed with whole grafts from DD, 40% with split liver grafts, and 22% with left lateral segments from LD. For diagnosing arterial circulatory complications, the PPV was 80%. For diagnosing portal vein circulatory complications, the PPV was 66.7%. NPV was 100%. In 28% of the examinations, the examiner could not visualize the normal arterial blood flow without CEUS. CEUS is a non‐invasive and safe imaging technique that seems valuable in these patients and further efforts are needed to license its use in the post‐transplant setting.
PairClone: A Bayesian Subclone Caller Based on Mutation Pairs
Authors: Zhou Tianjian , Müller Peter , Sengupta Subhajit , Ji Yuan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryTumour cell populations can be thought of as a composition of heterogeneous cell subpopulations, with each subpopulation being characterized by overlapping sets of single-nucleotide variants. Such subpopulations are known as subclones and are an important target for precision medicine. Reconstructing subclones from next generation sequencing data is one of the major challenges in computational biology. We present PairClone as a new tool to implement this reconstruction. The main idea of PairClone is to model short reads mapped to pairs of proximal single-nucleotide variants, which we refer to as mutation pairs. In contrast, other existing methods use only marginal reads for unpaired single-nucleotide variants. Using Bayesian non-parametric models, we estimate posterior probabilities of the number, genotypes and population frequencies of subclones in one or more tumour sample. We use the categorical Indian buffet process as a prior probability model for subclones. Column vectors of categorical matrices record the corresponding sets of mutation pairs for subclones. The performance of PairClone is assessed by using simulated and real data sets with a comparison with existing methods. An open-source software package can be obtained from http://www.compgenome.org/pairclone.
The contribution of emotion knowledge, language ability, and maternal emotion socialization style to explaining toddlers’ emotion regulation
Authors: Ornaghi Veronica , Pepe Alessandro , Agliati Alessia , Grazzani Ilaria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we set out to advance understanding of the association between emotion knowledge (EK) and emotion regulation (ER) in toddlerhood, by innovatively examining a model that simultaneously takes into account both individual factors, such as age, gender, and language ability, and contextual factors, such as maternal emotion socialization styles (coaching vs. dismissing). Participants were 242 toddlers (141 girls; Mage = 28.79 months, SD = 3.48) and their mothers (Mage = 35.60 years; SD = 4.95). We evaluated children’s language ability and ER via parent‐report questionnaires, assessing their EK via a direct measure individually administered at the nursery. The mothers also completed a questionnaire on their own emotion socialization style. Children’s EK was positively correlated with their ER skills as reported by their parents. Structural equation modeling showed that emotion‐dismissing maternal behaviors were significantly negatively associated with toddlers’ emotional competencies whereas maternal emotion‐coaching styles were significantly positively associated with higher levels of these competences. Finally, language ability was positively associated with ER. We discuss the theoretical and educational implications of these outcomes, as well as potential new lines of inquiry.
Quality, qualifications, and the market: Procuring interpretation services in the context of the “refugee crisis”
Authors: Sarter E. K. , Karamanidou Lena 
Published: December 2018

AbstractContracting of services has become increasingly important over the last few decades. Against this background, public contracts play an indispensable role in setting standards for services as well as in the regulation of labour. This article explores public tendering strategies for a specific service, interpretation in the context of asylum and international protection. Based on an empirical study of tendering strategies of two public agencies in Greece, it analyses core issues related to working conditions and service quality, namely, the importance given to the price and the use of stipulations relating to working conditions and qualifications. The findings reveal that even under high budgetary constraints, individual agencies may seek to strategically counteract a price‐driven competition and point to the importance of the structure of the market as an external constraint.
Personality and Voting for a Right‐Wing Populist Party – Evidence from Switzerland
Authors: Ackermann Kathrin , Zampieri Eros , Freitag Markus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany established democracies are currently challenged by populist parties and movements. Switzerland is a particularly interesting case because it has an established right‐wing populist party that is part of the governmental coalition on a regular basis: the Swiss People's Party (SVP). We study the electoral success of theSVPfrom a psychological perspective and argue that dispositions captured by the Big Five personality traits are related to voting for theSVP. Analyzing data from the Swiss Electoral Study (Selects) 2015, we find support for a negative relationship between openness to experience and agreeableness and voting for theSVPas well as a positive relationship between conscientiousness and extraversion and voting for this right‐wing populist party. Additional analyses indicate that attitudes toward immigration mediate these relationships to some degree. Agreeableness and conscientiousness are, however, still systematically related to voting for theSVPwhen attitudinal factors are controlled for.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography is a feasible technique for quantifying hepatic microvascular perfusion in dogs with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts
Authors: Tamura Masahiro , Ohta Hiroshi , Nisa Khoirun , Osuga Tatsuyuki , Sasaki Noboru , Morishita Keitaro , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt is a vascular anomaly that connects the portal vein to the systemic circulation and leads to a change in hepatic microvascular perfusion. However, an assessment of hepatic microvascular perfusion is limited by conventional diagnostic modalities. The aim of this prospective, exploratory study was to assess hepatic microvascular perfusion in dogs with extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt using contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) using perfluorobutane (Sonazoid®). A total of 17 dogs were included, eight healthy dogs and nine with extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt. The time‐to‐peak (TTP), rising time (RT), and rising rate (RR) in the hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic parenchyma, as well as the portal vein‐to‐hepatic parenchyma transit time (ΔHP‐PV) measured from time‐intensity curve on CEUS were compared between healthy and extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs. The RT of the hepatic artery in extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs was significantly earlier than in healthy dogs (P = 0.0153). The TTP and RT of the hepatic parenchyma were significantly earlier in extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs than in healthy dogs (P = 0.0018 andP = 0.0024, respectively). ΔHP–PV was significantly shorter in extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs than in healthy dogs (P = 0.0018). CEUS effectively revealed changes in hepatic microvascular perfusion including hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic parenchyma simultaneously in extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs. Rapid hepatic artery and hepatic parenchyma enhancements may reflect a compensatory increase in hepatic artery blood flow (arterialization) caused by a decrease in portal vein blood flow and may be used as an additional diagnostic test to distinguish extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs from healthy dogs.