bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alice Dunbar-Nelson’s Charm Aesthetics and the Bugbear of Social Equality
Authors: Stevens Erica 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlice Dunbar-Nelson’s The Goodness of St. Rocque, and Other Stories (1899) plays with the diminutive description of “charming” often given to local-color writers in order to imagine alternative social relations in an era determined by modes of difference and exclusion. Charm—an aesthetic category most generally understood to be manipulative, feminine, and a distracting accessory to beauty—becomes the method supporting this collection’s challenge to the contemporary discourse of “social equality.” In the late nineteenth century, social equality was a distorted idea meant to accuse those pushing for civil rights of also seeking to eliminate individual choice from the social world and the public sphere or, at the most extreme, of advocating intermarriage of the races. In her short story collection, Dunbar-Nelson responds to the issue of social equality not directly but through her unique understanding of how literary form and character could charm readers into attachments beyond intersubjective desire or assured knowledge. Throughout The Goodness of St. Rocque, and Other Stories, her narrators mystify the reader’s search for knowledge and turn characters into resistant objects. Building on critical conversations about Dunbar-Nelson’s challenges to racial categorization, this essay explores the connections between aesthetics and politics in the early work of this writer, a writer who otherwise expressed a desire to maintain a distinction between those two goals for her fiction.
IMF radial gradients in most massive early-type galaxies
Authors: La Barbera F , Vazdekis A , Ferreras I , Pasquali A , Allende Prieto C , Martín-Navarro I , Aguado D S , de Carvalho R R , Rembold S , Falcón-Barroso J , van de Ven G 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Using new long-slit spectroscopy obtained with X-Shooter at ESO-VLT, we study, for the first time, radial gradients of optical and near-infrared initial mass function (IMF)-sensitive features in a representative sample of galaxies at the very high mass end of the galaxy population. The sample consists of seven early-type galaxies (ETGs) at z ∼ 0.05, with central velocity dispersion in the range 300 ≲ σ ≲ 350 km s−1. Using state-of-the-art stellar population synthesis models, we fit a number of spectral indices, from different chemical species (including TiO and Na indices), to constrain the IMF slope (i.e. the fraction of low-mass stars), as a function of galactocentric distance, over a radial range out to ∼4 kpc. ETGs in our sample show a significant correlation of IMF slope and surface mass density. The bottom-heavy population (i.e. an excess of low-mass stars in the IMF) is confined to central galaxy regions with surface mass density above $\rm \sim 10^{10}\, M_\odot \, kpc^{-2}$, or, alternatively, within a characteristic radius of ∼2 kpc. Radial distance, in physical units, and surface mass density are the best correlators to IMF variations, with respect to other dynamical (e.g. velocity dispersion) and stellar population (e.g. metallicity) properties. Our results for the most massive galaxies suggest that there is no single parameter that fully explains variations in the stellar IMF, but IMF radial profiles at z ∼ 0 rather result from the complex formation and mass accretion history of galaxy inner and outer regions.
Neutral island statistics during reionization from 21-cm tomography
Authors: Giri Sambit K , Mellema Garrelt , Aldheimer Thomas , Dixon Keri L , Iliev Ilian T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present the prospects of extracting information about the epoch of reionization by identifying the remaining neutral regions, referred to as islands, in tomographic observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal. Using simulated data sets we show that at late times the 21-cm power spectrum is fairly insensitive to the details of the reionization process but that the properties of the neutral islands can distinguish between different reionization scenarios. We compare the properties of these islands with those of ionized bubbles. At equivalent volume-filling fractions, neutral islands tend to be fewer in number but larger compared to the ionized bubbles. In addition, the evolution of the size distribution of neutral islands is found to be slower than that of the ionized bubbles and also their percolation behaviour differs substantially. Even though the neutral islands are relatively rare, they will be easier to identify in observations with the low frequency component of the Square Kilometre Array due to their larger size and the lower noise levels at lower redshifts. The size distribution of neutral islands at the late stages of reionization is found to depend on the source properties, such as the ionizing efficiency of the sources and their minimum mass. We find the longest line of sight through a neutral region to be more than 100 comoving Mpc until very late stages (90–95 per cent reionized), which may have relevance for the long absorption trough at z = 5.6–5.8 in the spectrum of quasar ULAS J0148+0600.
Constraining cluster masses from the stacked phase space distribution at large radii
Authors: Hamabata Akinari , Oguri Masamune , Nishimichi Takahiro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Velocity dispersions have been employed as a method to measure masses of clusters. To complement this conventional method, we explore the possibility of constraining cluster masses from the stacked phase space distribution of galaxies at larger radii, where infall velocities are expected to have a sensitivity to cluster masses. First, we construct a two-component model of the three-dimensional phase space distribution of haloes surrounding clusters up to 50 $\, h^{-1}$ Mpc from cluster centres based on N-body simulations. We confirm that the three-dimensional phase space distribution shows a clear cluster mass dependence up to the largest scale examined. We then calculate the probability distribution function of pairwise line-of-sight velocities between clusters and haloes by projecting the three-dimensional phase space distribution along the line of sight with the effect of the Hubble flow. We find that this projected phase space distribution, which can directly be compared with observations, shows a complex mass dependence due to the interplay between infall velocities and the Hubble flow. Using this model, we estimate the accuracy of dynamical mass measurements from the projected phase space distribution at the transverse distance from cluster centres larger than $2\, h^{-1}$ Mpc. We estimate that, by using 1.5 × 105 spectroscopic galaxies, we can constrain the mean cluster masses with an accuracy of 14.5 per cent if we fully take account of the systematic error coming from the inaccuracy of our model. This can be improved down to 5.7 per cent by improving the accuracy of the model.
The sub-mm variability of IRC+10216 and o Ceti
Authors: Dharmawardena Thavisha E , Kemper Francisca , Wouterloot Jan G A , Scicluna Peter , Marshall Jonathan P , Wallström Sofia H J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present the sub-mm variability of two of the most well-studied AGB stars, IRC + 10216 and o Ceti. The data are obtained at $450$ and $850\,{\mu {\rm m}}$ as part of pointing calibration observations for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope’s SCUBA-2 instrument over a span of 7 yr. The periods are derived using non-parametric methods, Gatspy Supersmoother and P4J, in order not to assume an underlying shape to the periodicity. These were compared to two Lomb–Scargle parametric methods. We find that for both sources and wavelengths the periods derived from all methods are consistent within 1σ. The $850\,{\mu {\rm m}}$ phase folded light curves of IRC + 10216 show a time lag of ∼540 d compared to its optical counterpart. We explore the origins of the sub-mm variability and the phase lag using radiative transfer models. Combining the modelling with findings in the literature, we find that the sub-mm emission and phase lag can be partially attributed to the dust formation or destruction cycle. A second, unknown mechanism must be invoked; we defer an investigation of the origin and nature of this mechanism to a future work.
Scalar field effects on the orbit of S2 star
Authors:   The GRAVITY Collaboration:, Amorim A , Bauböck M , Benisty M , Berger J-P , Clénet Y , Coudé du Forest V , de Zeeuw T , Dexter J , Duvert G , Eckart A , Eisenhauer F , Ferreira Miguel C , Gao F , Garcia Paulo J V , Gendron E , Genzel R , Gillessen S , Gordo P , Habibi M , Horrobin M , Jimenez-Rosales A , Jocou L , Kervella P , Lacour S , Le Bouquin J-B , Léna P , Ott T , Pössel M , Paumard T , Perraut K , Perrin G , Pfuhl O , Rodriguez Coira G , Rousset G , Straub O , Straubmeier C , Sturm E , Vincent F , von Fellenberg S , Waisberg I , Widmann F 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Precise measurements of the S-stars orbiting SgrA* have set strong constraints on the nature of the compact object at the centre of the Milky Way. The presence of a black hole in that region is well established, but its neighbouring environment is still an open debate. In that respect, the existence of dark matter in that central region may be detectable due to its strong signatures on the orbits of stars: the main effect is a Newtonian precession which will affect the overall pericentre shift of S2, the latter being a target measurement of the GRAVITY instrument. The exact nature of this dark matter (e.g. stellar dark remnants or diffuse dark matter) is unknown. This article assumes it to be a scalar field of toroidal distribution, associated with ultralight dark matter particles, surrounding the Kerr black hole. Such a field is a form of ‘hair’ expected in the context of superradiance, a mechanism that extracts rotational energy from the black hole. Orbital signatures for the S2 star are computed and shown to be detectable by GRAVITY. The scalar field can be constrained because the variation of orbital elements depends both on the relative mass of the scalar field to the black hole and on the field mass coupling parameter.
Morphology of the Small Magellanic Cloud using multiwavelength photometry of classical Cepheids
Authors: Deb Sukanta , Kurbah Kerdaris , Singh Harinder P , Kanbur Shashi M , Ngeow Chow-Choong , Medhi Biman J , Kumar Subhash 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
This is the second of a series related to the study of geometry of the Magellanic Clouds based on multiwavelength photometry of classical Cepheids. In this paper we determine the geometrical and viewing angle parameters of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using the Leavitt law for classical Cepheids with/without a break in the law at a certain period as reported in the literature. The study utilizes photometric data for more than 3400 common classical Cepheids (Fundamental (FU) and First overtone (FO)) in optical (V, I), near-infrared (Y, J, Ks) and mid-infrared ([3.6] and [4.5] μm) photometric bands. We obtain statistical reddening and distance modulus free from the effect of reddening to each of the individual Cepheids with respect to the mean distance modulus and reddening of the SMC. The reddening maps of the SMC obtained from the analyses with/without breaks in the Leavitt law show good agreement with each other as well as with other maps available in the literature. The Cartesian coordinates of individual stars with respect to the galaxy plane are obtained using the information of equatorial coordinates (α, δ) as well as extinction-free distance measurements. Modelling the observed 3D distribution of the Cepheids as a triaxial ellipsoid, we obtain the geometrical and viewing angle parameters of the SMC. The weighted average yields the following values of parameters for the SMC: the geometrical axes ratios of 1.000 ± 0.001: 1.544 ± 0.002: 9.742 ± 0.030 and the viewing angle parameters having inclination angle i = 3${^{\circ}_{.}}$465 ± 0${^{\circ}_{.}}$030 with respect to the longest axis from the line of sight and position angle of line of nodes (major axis) θlon = 63${^{\circ}_{.}}$086 ± 0${^{\circ}_{.}}$117.
The nearby evolved stars survey – I. JCMT/SCUBA-2 submillimetre detection of the detached shell of U Antliae
Authors: Dharmawardena Thavisha E , Kemper Francisca , Srinivasan Sundar , Scicluna Peter , Marshall Jonathan P , Wouterloot Jan G A , Greaves Jane , Goldman Steven R , van Loon Jacco Th , Matsuura Mikako , McDonald Iain , He Jinhua , Zijlstra Albert A , Toalá Jesús A , Wallström Sofia H J , Kim Hyosun , Trejo Alfonso , Ventura Paolo , Lagadec Eric , Boyer Martha L , Liu Tie , Rau Gioia , Izumiura Hideyuki , Cami Jan , Holland Wayne , Jones Olivia , Shinnaga Hiroko 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the highest resolution single-dish submillimetre observations of the detached shell source U Antliae to date. The observations were obtained at $450$ and $850\,{\mu}{\rm m}$ with SCUBA-2 instrument on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the Nearby Evolved Stars Survey. The emission at $850\,{\mu}{\rm m}$ peaks at 40 arcsec with hints of a second peak seen at ∼20 arcsec. The emission can be traced out to a radius of 56 arcsec at a 3σ level. The outer peak observed at $850\,{\mu}{\rm m}$ aligns well with the peak observed at Herschel/PACS wavelengths. With the help of spectral energy distribution fitting and radiative transfer calculations of multiple-shell models for the circumstellar envelope, we explore the various shell structures and the variation of grain sizes along the in the circumstellar envelope. We determine a total shell dust mass of (2.0 ± 0.3) × 10−5 M⊙ and established that the thermal pulse that gave rise to the detached shell occurred 3500 ± 500 yr ago.
Stereospecificity control in aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases: new evidence of d-amino acids activation and editing
Authors: Rybak Mariia Yu , Rayevsky Alexey V , Gudzera Olga I , Tukalo Michael A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe homochirality of amino acids is vital for the functioning of the translation apparatus. l-Amino acids predominate in proteins and d-amino acids usually represent diverse regulatory functional physiological roles in both pro- and eukaryotes. Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases (aaRSs) ensure activation of proteinogenic or nonproteinogenic amino acids and attach them to cognate or noncognate tRNAs. Although many editing mechanisms by aaRSs have been described, data about the protective role of aaRSs in d-amino acids incorporation remained unknown. Tyrosyl- and alanyl-tRNA-synthetases were represented as distinct members of this enzyme family. To study the potential to bind and edit noncognate substrates, Thermus thermophilus alanyl-tRNA-synthetase (AlaRS) and tyrosyl-tRNA-synthetase were investigated in the context of d-amino acids recognition. Here, we showed that d-alanine was effectively activated by AlaRS and d-Ala-tRNAAla, formed during the erroneous aminoacylation, was edited by AlaRS. On the other hand, it turned out that d-aminoacyl-tRNA-deacylase (DTD), which usually hydrolyzes d-aminoacyl-tRNAs, was inactive against d-Ala-tRNAAla. To support the finding about DTD, computational docking and molecular dynamics simulations were run. Overall, our work illustrates the novel function of the AlaRS editing domain in stereospecificity control during translation together with trans-editing factor DTD. Thus, we propose different evolutionary strategies for the maintenance of chiral selectivity during translation.
Monomeric YoeB toxin retains RNase activity but adopts an obligate dimeric form for thermal stability
Authors: Pavelich Ian J , Maehigashi Tatsuya , Hoffer Eric D , Ruangprasert Ajchareeya , Miles Stacey J , Dunham Christine M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chromosomally-encoded toxin-antitoxin complexes are ubiquitous in bacteria and regulate growth through the release of the toxin component typically in a stress-dependent manner. Type II ribosome-dependent toxins adopt a RelE-family RNase fold and inhibit translation by degrading mRNAs while bound to the ribosome. Here, we present biochemical and structural studies of the Escherichia coli YoeB toxin interacting with both a UAA stop and an AAU sense codon in pre- and post-mRNA cleavage states to provide insights into possible mRNA substrate selection. Both mRNAs undergo minimal changes during the cleavage event in contrast to type II ribosome-dependent RelE toxin. Further, the 16S rRNA decoding site nucleotides that monitor the mRNA in the aminoacyl(A) site adopt different orientations depending upon which toxin is present. Although YoeB is a RelE family member, it is the sole ribosome-dependent toxin that is dimeric. We show that engineered monomeric YoeB is active against mRNAs bound to both the small and large subunit. However, the stability of monomeric YoeB is reduced ∼20°C, consistent with potential YoeB activation during heat shock in E. coli as previously demonstrated. These data provide a molecular basis for the ability of YoeB to function in response to thermal stress.
Gustav Deutsch
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Austrian filmmaker Gustav Deutsch has been a major contributor to what has come to be called “found-footage filmmaking” and/or “recycled cinema”—that is, he is best-known for making films from other films. This interview focuses on a range of his projects: his first found-footage project, an exploration of home movies made by Austrians visiting the Italian coast in the years after Super-8mm became a popular film gauge for documenting family events; a collaborative diptych of Place, made with an Algerian friend, comparing the Algerian oasis Figuig and Deutsch’s native Vienna; his revisiting of proto-cinematic technologies in the construction of a panoramic camera obscura on a Greek island; his remarkable feature film Shirley—Visions of Reality (2013) in which he (and his partner Hanna Schimek) dramatize a series of canonical Edward Hopper paintings; and the recent Notes and Sketches 1: 31 Pocket Films. 2005–2015, a panorama of everyday events, made with new camera technologies.
Dominic Gagnon
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This is the first career interview with French Canadian Dominic Gagnon, whose controversial work has been a crucial contribution to a recent tendency within the history of found-footage film (or recycled cinema) of mining YouTube and similar sites to find raw material for new, feature-length works. Gagnon is drawn to YouTube postings that are edgy (and often quickly suppressed) by the host sites: postings by conspiracy theorists, teenagers facing “the end of the world,” and most recently postings garnered with the directional keywords “north” and “south.” Gagnon’s of the North (2015) has been particularly provocative, since it recycles many postings by indigenous individuals in the Canadian north. Gagnon’s feature-length videos are vivid, engaging, often troubling panoramas of internet “territories.”
Erin Espelie
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Artist/scientist Erin Espelie was trained at Cornell University as a biologist, but turned down opportunities to study biology at the graduate level at Harvard and MIT in order to explore the New York City theater scene, before finding her way into independent, “avant-garde” filmmaking, first exploring her interests in biology and the history of science in a series of short films, then producing the remarkable essay-film The Lanthanide Series (2014), which explores the importance of the “rare earths” (the elements with atomic numbers 57–71) for modern communication and informational technologies. The imagery for The Lanthanide Series was recorded, almost entirely, off the reflective surface of an iPad. In her work as a moving-image artist, Espelie combines poetry, science, environmental politics, and modern digital technologies within videos that defy traditional knowledge categories. She is currently editor in chief for Natural History magazine and a director of the NEST (Nature, Environment, Science & Technology) Studio for the Arts at the University of Colorado-Boulder.
Craig Johnson
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Craig Johnson was the “third man” in what has become one of the legendary ethnographic adventures and bodies of ethnographic cinema: the series of films about the indigenous Yanomamö living in the highland jungles of southern Venezuela, produced by anthropologists Napoleon Chagnon and Timothy Asch. Johnson, who took sound for the canonical The Ax Fight (1974) and other Yanomamö films, and edited some of them, had never spoken publicly about his involvement in and thoughts about his early filmmaking adventure, until this interview. In the years following his disenchantment with the Yanomamö project, Johnson worked on various films and now, through his Interpret Green, develops and constructs interactive installations for museums.
Sensory Ethnography, Part 2
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This follow-up to “Sensory Ethnography, Part 1” (published by Oxford in Avant-Doc, 2015) is a set of interviews with veterans of Harvard’s Sensory Ethnography Lab. J. P. Sniadecki, Stephanie Spray, and Véréna Paravel discuss their experiences with the SEL and director Lucien Castaing-Taylor. Sniadecki and Spray discuss their early films, made in China and Nepal respectively; and Sniadecki discusses his more recent work. “Sensory Ethnography, Part 2” concludes with discussions with Sniadecki and Paravel on their Foreign Parts (2010), about an automobile junkyard in Queens, New York; with Sniadecki and Libbie Dina Cohn on People’s Park (2012), a single-shot excursion through a popular public park in Chengdu, China; and with Sniadecki and Joshua Bonnetta on El Mar La Mar (2017), a visual evocation of the border territory between Sonora and Arizona.
How the South Has Changed and Its Impact on National Politics
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , MacManus Susan A. , Mayer Jeremy D. , Rozell Mark J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the changing landscape of Southern politics over the past half century and provides the framework for the rest of the volume. In so doing it showcases the crucial differences in the region between the high growth and the stagnant states, with the growth states exhibiting the strongest economies, higher incomes, and greater diversity of populations. Whereas the stagnant growth states exhibit much of the characteristics associated with the old South, the high growth states are pointing the way toward a vastly transformed new South, as described in the following chapters.
Orson Pratt’s Enduring Influence on The Book of Mormon
Authors: Gutjahr Paul 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
First published in 1830, over the next half-century The Book of Mormon appeared in some dozen new editions. Perhaps the most important edition of the nineteenth century appeared in 1879 and was edited by Orson Pratt. When this edition appeared, Pratt had served as a member of the original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, a mission president in Britain, and was a member of Brigham Young’s “Vanguard Company” that crossed the Western plains to select a site for Mormon colonization. More important, he was one of early Mormonism’s premier educators and theologians. His edition bore all the marks of a lifetime of study, presenting the book in a highly systematized format and including footnotes that incorporated theological glosses on Mormon history, archaeology, and geology. This essay explores the origin of many of the textual changes found in the 1879 edition and the enduring influence of these changes.