bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative fire risk assessment of cotton storage and a criticality analysis of risk control strategies
Authors: Ding Long , Ji Jie , Khan Faisal , Li Xiaohua , Wan Shaoan 
Published: October 2019

SummaryAlthough fires can easily occur during cotton storage, research on cotton storage fire risk assessment is limited. This work focuses on cotton storage fire risk assessment and investigates the criticality of risk control strategies. Bow‐tie and Bayesian network models are established to investigate the relationships among accident causes, safety barriers, and possible consequences. The results show that the first safety barrier (detection and extinguishment before fire brigade arrival) is more controllable and more effective than the second safety barrier (fire brigade). Based on the collected probability data, the probability and risk of a common accident are higher than those of a large accident and severe accident when safety barriers succeed; when the first safety barrier fails, the probabilities and risks of large and severe accidents increase by more than 2000 times. The criticality of safety measures is investigated by analysing their structural importance, probability importance, and critical importance. The critical events for fire occurrence are an open flame and sparks during storage, and the critical events for detection and extinguishment before fire brigade arrival are watchkeeper monitoring, regular patrolling, and automatic fire alarm systems. For cotton storage safety, this work and its outcomes are used to support the decision‐making of fire risk prevention and control.
Assessing the impact of relative permeability and capillary heterogeneity on Darcy flow modelling of CO2 storage in Utsira Formation
Authors: Onoja Michael U. , Shariatipour Seyed M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPredicting CO2 plume migration is an important aspect for the geological sequestration of CO2. In the absence of experimental data, the storage performance of CO2 geo‐storage can be assessed through the dynamic modelling of the fluid flow and transport properties of the rock‐fluid system using empirical formulations. Using the van Genuchten empirical model, this study documents a Darcy flow modelling approach to investigate different aspects of CO2 drainage in a sandstone formation with interbedded argillaceous (i.e. mudstone) units. The numerical simulation is based on the Sleipner gas field storage unit where several thin argillite layers occur within the sandstone of the Utsira Formation. With respect to forward modelling simulations that have used Sleipner Formation as a case study, it is noted that previous attempts to numerically calibrate the CO2 plume migration to time‐lapse seismic dataset using software governed by Darcy flow physics achieved poor results. In this study, CO2‐brine buoyant displacement pattern is simulated using the ECLIPSE ‘black oil’ simulator within a two‐dimensional axisymmetric geometry and a three‐dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. This investigation focussed on two key parameters affecting CO2 migration mobility, namely relative permeability and capillary forces. Examination of these parameters indicate that for the gravity current of CO2 transiting through a heterogeneous siliciclastic formation, the local capillary forces in geologic units, such as mudstone and sandstones, and the relative permeability to the invading fluid control the mass of CO2 that breaches and percolates through each unit, respectively. In numerical analysis, these processes influence the evaluation of structural and residual trapping mechanisms. Consequently, the inclusion of heterogeneities in capillary pressure and relative permeability functions, where and when applicable, advances a Darcy modelling approach to history matching and forecasting of reservoir performance. Results indicate that there is a scope for a revision of the basic premise for modelling flow properties in the interbedded mudstones and the top sand wedge at the Sleipner Field when using Darcy flow simulators. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liver‐Targeted Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Therapy Inhibits Chronic Biliary Fibrosis in Multiple Drug‐Resistant Gene 2‐Knockout Mice
Authors: Rajapaksha Indu G. , Gunarathne Lakmie S. , Asadi Khashayar , Cunningham Sharon C. , Sharland Alexandra , Alexander Ian E. , Angus Peter W. , Herath Chandana B. 
Published: October 2019

There is a large unmet need for effective therapies for cholestatic disorders, including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a disease that commonly results in liver failure. Angiotensin (Ang) II of the renin Ang system (RAS) is a potent profibrotic peptide, and Ang converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of the alternate RAS breaks down Ang II to antifibrotic peptide Ang‐(1‐7). In the present study, we investigated long‐term effects of ACE2 delivered by an adeno‐associated viral vector and short‐term effects of Ang‐(1‐7) peptide in multiple drug‐resistant gene 2‐knockout (Mdr2‐KO) mice. These mice develop progressive biliary fibrosis with pathologic features closely resembling those observed in PSC. A single intraperitoneal injection of ACE2 therapy markedly reduced liver injury (P < 0.05) and biliary fibrosis (P < 0.01) at both established (3‐6 months of age) and advanced (7‐9 months of age) disease compared to control vector‐injected Mdr2‐KO mice. This was accompanied by increased hepatic Ang‐(1‐7) levels (P < 0.05) with concomitant reduction in hepatic Ang II levels (P < 0.05) compared to controls. Moreover, Ang‐(1‐7) peptide infusion improved liver injury (P < 0.05) and biliary fibrosis (P < 0.0001) compared to saline‐infused disease controls. The therapeutic effects of both ACE2 therapy and Ang‐(1‐7) infusion were associated with significant (P < 0.01) reduction in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and collagen expression. While ACE2 therapy prevented the loss of epithelial characteristics of hepatocytes and/or cholangiocytes in vivo, Ang‐(1‐7) prevented transdifferentiation of human cholangiocytes (H69 cells) into the collagen‐secreting myofibroblastic phenotype in vitro. We showed that an increased ratio of hepatic Ang‐(1‐7) to Ang II levels by ACE2 therapy results in the inhibition of HSC activation and biliary fibrosis. Conclusion: ACE2 therapy has the potential to treat patients with biliary diseases, such as PSC.
Combining Chemistry, Materials Science, Inspiration from Nature, and Serendipity to Develop Stimuli‐Responsive Polymeric Materials
Authors: Rowan Stuart J. , Weder Christoph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeither of us can remember people talking about stimuli‐responsive polymers when we were students. Even though this was still in the last century, it was almost 70 years after Staudinger's seminal paper “Über Polymerisation”![1] By the time we entered graduate school in the early 1990 s, the first papers on polymer light emitting diodes appeared, while research on electrically conducting, nonlinear optical, and other “functional” polymers was already in full swing. Looking back, there were some stimuli‐responsive materials that were around at the time,[2–6] but it took the better part of the last 30 years until the field had developed into what we think is one of the most vibrant areas of polymer science.[8–12] Before the potential usefulness of this class of materials was recognized, researchers were focused on developing polymeric materials that would not respond to external influences, and in fact maintain (in particular) their mechanical properties in a wide range of environments. This has led to the development of many environmentally robust polymers, which have come to impact basically every aspect of our daily life. Ironically, this long‐sought stability now comes back to haunt us in the form of plastic pollution, but this is another story. The concept of materials that adapt their properties in response to changing environmental conditions might appear like a complete reversal with respect to the original goals of creating stable materials. However, eventually a) it was recognized that materials that respond to a specific stimulus in a predictable and useful manner would significantly broaden the potential usefulness of polymers, and b) the field of polymer science had developed to the point where the rational design, preparation, and characterization of such materials became possible. The expression ‘stimuli‐responsive polymer’ had been first used in the 1980’s, however its use really only gained popularity a few decades later. In the early days, terms such as environmentally‐sensitive or environmentally‐responsive polymers, stimuli‐reversible or stimuli‐sensitive polymers, or polymers with phase transitions have also been used.
A new compilation of globally gridded night‐time marine air temperatures: The UAHNMATv1 dataset
Authors: Junod Robert A. , Christy John R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNear‐surface air temperature over the oceans is a relatively unused parameter in understanding the current state of climate, but is useful as an independent temperature metric over the oceans and serves as a geographical and physical complement to near‐surface air temperature over land. Although one complete version of this dataset exists (HadNMAT2), it has been strongly recommended that various groups generate climate records independently, which is one motivation here. This University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) study began with the construction of monthly night‐time marine air temperature (UAHNMATv1) values from the early‐twentieth century through to the present era using air temperatures on ships. Data from the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 3.0 (R3.0) were used to compile a complete time series of gridded UAHNMATv1. The observations required detailed homogenization procedures since there are many biases to account for such as increasing ship height and changing observing practices. The UAHNMATv1 dataset, once homogenized, is gridded to 5.0° monthly anomalies from 1900 to 2018. This study will present results which quantify the variability and trends and compare to current trends of other related datasets that include HadNMAT2 and sea‐surface temperatures (HadISST & ERSSTv4). This new dataset has broad overall agreement both globally and regionally with HadNMAT2, HadISST, and ERSSTv4 datasets.
Human Milk Retains Important Immunologic Properties After Defatting
Authors: Jackson Brittany Anne , Gregg Brigid Ellen , Tutor Sara Denise , Bermick Jennifer Rachelle , Stanley Kate Peterson 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn neonatal chylothorax, thoracic lymphatic drainage is ineffective. The resultant effusions often require drainage, leading to a loss of immune components. Affected infants can be managed with formula or defatted human milk feedings low in long‐chain triglycerides to decrease lymph production. We hypothesized that there is no significant difference in the immunological profile or antibacterial effect of full‐fat and defatted human milk.MethodsMilk from lactating mothers was divided into 1 aliquot that was defatted via centrifugation with the full‐fat aliquot as control. Macronutrient content was analyzed with mid‐infrared spectroscopy. Flow cytometry was used to measure immune cell populations. Lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, and IgG values were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The antibacterial properties were determined by inoculating paired full‐fat and defatted milk samples with Escherichia coli or Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria and performing colony counts.ResultsCompared with full‐fat milk, defatted milk demonstrated decreased total energy and fat and increased carbohydrate concentrations. Defatted milk demonstrated a significant decrease in all immune cell populations. There was no difference in IgA, IgG, lysozyme, or lactoferrin concentrations. Both aliquots demonstrated equivalent growth inhibition of E. coli and S. pneumoniae.ConclusionsUnexpectedly, defatted human milk contained significantly less leukocytes than full‐fat milk. IgA, IgG, lysozyme, and lactoferrin concentrations were preserved. The ability of defatted milk to inhibit bacterial growth was unaffected, suggesting that the antibacterial benefits of human milk remain after the defatting process. Further investigation regarding the clinical effect of leukocyte loss in defatted milk is warranted.
Mastiha (Pistacia lentiscus) Improves Gut Microbiota Diversity, Hepatic Steatosis, and Disease Activity in a Biopsy‐Confirmed Mouse Model of Advanced Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis
Authors: Kannt Aimo , Papada Efstathia , Kammermeier Claire , D'Auria Giuseppe , Jiménez‐Hernández Nuria , Stephan Martin , Schwahn Uwe , Madsen Andreas Nygaard , Østergaard Mette Viberg , Dedoussis George , Francino M. Pilar ,   for the MAST4HEALTH consortium
Published: October 2019

ScopeAs a result of the obesity epidemic, the prevalence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing. No drug is approved for the treatment of NASH. In this study, the effect of a nutritional supplement, Mastiha or Chios mastic gum, on metabolic and histological parameters and on the gut microbiome in mice with NASH and fibrosis was investigated.Methods and resultsAdvanced NASH was induced by feeding C57BL/6J mice a diet rich in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol for 41 weeks. After randomization, animals received the NASH‐inducing diet with or without 0.2% (w/w) Mastiha for a further 8 weeks. Disease activity was assessed by liver histology and determination of plasma transaminase activities. Fecal microbiota DNA extraction and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were used to determine the composition of the gut microbiome.Mastiha supplementation led to a significant reduction in circulating alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, improvement in hepatic steatosis and collagen content, and a reduction in NAFLD activity score. Furthermore, it resulted in a partial but significant recovery of gut microbiota diversity and changes in identity and abundance of specific taxa.ConclusionThis is the first study demonstrating an improvement in disease activity in mice with advanced NASH with fibrosis by a diet containing Mastiha.
Circularly polarized flexible antenna on liquid crystal polymer substrate material with metamaterial loading
Authors: Venkateswara Rao Manikonda , Madhav Boddapati Taraka Phani , Anilkumar Tirunagari , Prudhvinadh Badugu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, a metamaterial loaded circularly polarized (CP) flexible CPW fed antenna is presented. The flexible behavior of the antenna is analyzed and tested at various bending angles. The overall dimension of the liquid crystal polymer (LCP) antenna is 0.44 λ0 × 0.37 λ0, which is having thickness of 0.1 mm. The planar LCP antenna works at WiMAX (3.5 GHz), WLAN (5.8 GHz), and at vehicular communication band (5.9 GHz). Using metamaterial exhibiting split ring resonators and CSRR placement on the either side of the feedline and ground, we obtained circular polarization. Both planar and bending antenna cases are analyzed and results such as axial ratio, reflection coefficient, and radiation patterns with respect to planar and bending angles are validated with measurement results.
Multiparametric deep learning tissue signatures for a radiological biomarker of breast cancer: Preliminary results
Authors: Parekh Vishwa S. , Macura Katarzyna J. , Harvey Susan C. , Kamel Ihab R. , EI‐Khouli Riham , Bluemke David A. , Jacobs Michael A. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeDeep learning is emerging in radiology due to the increased computational capabilities available to reading rooms. These computational developments have the ability to mimic the radiologist and may allow for more accurate tissue characterization of normal and pathological lesion tissue to assist radiologists in defining different diseases. We introduce a novel tissue signature model based on tissue characteristics in breast tissue from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). The breast tissue signatures are used as inputs in a stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE) multiparametric deep learning (MPDL) network for segmentation of breast mpMRI.MethodsWe constructed the MPDL network from SSAE with 5 layers with 10 nodes at each layer. A total cohort of 195 breast cancer subjects were used for training and testing of the MPDL network. The cohort consisted of a training dataset of 145 subjects and an independent validation set of 50 subjects. After segmentation, we used a combined SAE‐support vector machine (SAE‐SVM) learning method for classification. Dice similarity (DS) metrics were calculated between the segmented MPDL and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) MRI‐defined lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) metrics were used to classify benign from malignant lesions.ResultsThe MPDL segmentation resulted in a high DS of 0.87 ± 0.05 for malignant lesions and 0.84 ± 0.07 for benign lesions. The MPDL had excellent sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 86% with positive predictive and negative predictive values of 92% and 73%, respectively, and an AUC of 0.90.ConclusionsUsing a new tissue signature model as inputs into the MPDL algorithm, we have successfully validated MPDL in a large cohort of subjects and achieved results similar to radiologists.
Variability in antenatal prognostication of fetal diaphragmatic hernia across the North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet)
Authors: Abbasi Nimrah , Cortes Magda Sanz , Ruano Rodrigo , Johnson Anthony , Morgan Tara , Coleman Beverly , Baschat Ahmet , Zaretsky Michael , Lim Foong Yen , Bulas Dorothy , Benachi Alexandra , Ryan Greg ,   on behalf of the NAFTNet*
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate variability in antenatal sonographic prognostication of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) within the North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet).MethodsNAFTNet centre were invited to complete a questionnaire and participate in videoconference calls, during which participants were observed while measuring lung area by ultrasound using the anteroposterior (AP) method, longest method, and trace method. Each center identified 1–2 experienced fetal medicine specialist(s) or medical imaging specialists locally to participate in the study. Practices were compared among NAFTNet centre within and without the fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) consortium.ResultsNineteen participants from 9 FETO center and 30 participants from 17 non‐FETO center completed the survey and 31 participants were interviewed and observed while measuring sonographic lung area. All Centres measured observed‐to‐expected lung‐to‐head ratio (o/e LHR) or LHR for CDH prognostication. Image selection criteria for lung area measurement were consistent, including an axial section of the chest with clear lung borders and a 4‐chamber cardiac view. Lung area measurement methods varied across NAFTNet, with most centre using longest (4/9 FETO vs. 13/29 non‐FETO) or trace (3/9 FETO vs. 11/29 non‐FETO) method. Centres differed in expected reference ranges for o/e LHR determination and whether the lowest, highest or average o/e LHR was utilized.ConclusionVariability in antenatal sonographic prognostication of CDH was identified across NAFTNet, indicating a need for consensus‐based standardization.
Association between fetal fraction at the second trimester and subsequent spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Guo Fang‐fang , Yang Jie‐xia , Huang Yan‐lin , Qi Yi‐ming , Hou Ya‐ping , Peng Hai‐shan , Wang Dong‐mei , Wang Yi‐xia , Luo Xiao‐hui , Li Yi , Yin Ai‐hua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the fetal fraction of cell‐free DNA at the second trimester and subsequent spontaneous preterm birth.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from women with singleton pregnancies who underwent noninvasive prenatal testing at 14 to 25 weeks of gestation. The eligible patients were classified into three groups according to pregnancy outcome: birth at ≥37 weeks of gestation (term group), delivery at <34 weeks of gestation (early spontaneous preterm), and delivery at 34+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation (late spontaneous preterm). Stepwise linear regression was performed to determine the maternal characteristics associated with the fetal fraction of cell‐free DNA. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between the fetal fraction of cell‐free DNA and pregnancy outcomes by adjusting for history of preterm birth.ResultsA total of 8129 singleton pregnancies met the recruitment criteria. Among them, 7790 (95.83%) were in the term group, 284 (3.49%) were in the late spontaneous preterm group, and 55 (0.68%) were in the early spontaneous preterm group. The fetal fraction of cell‐free DNA was negatively correlated with body mass index, maternal age, nulliparity, and history of spontaneous preterm birth; positively correlated with gestational age; and not correlated with assisted reproduction or surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) positivity. After adjusting for history of preterm birth, a logistic regression analysis demonstrated no statistically significant associations between the fetal fraction of cell‐free DNA and spontaneous preterm birth in any of the preterm groups (<34 weeks, 34+0 to 36+6 weeks, and <37 weeks).ConclusionOur preliminary study found no relationship between the fetal fraction on NIPT at the second trimester and subsequent spontaneous preterm birth.
Using three‐dimensional ultrasound in predicting complex gastroschisis: A longitudinal, prospective, multicenter cohort study
Authors: Hijkoop Annelieke , Lap Chiara C.M.M. , Aliasi Moska , Mulder Eduard J.H. , Kramer William L.M. , Brouwers Hens A.A. , van Baren Robertine , Pajkrt Eva , van Kaam Anton H. , Bilardo Caterina M. , Pistorius Lourens R. , Visser Gerard H.A. , Wijnen René M.H. , Tibboel Dick , Manten Gwendolyn T.R. , Cohen‐Overbeek Titia E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether complex gastroschisis (ie, intestinal atresia, perforation, necrosis, or volvulus) can prenatally be distinguished from simple gastroschisis by fetal stomach volume and stomach‐bladder distance, using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound.MethodsThis multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2015. Of seven university medical centers, we included the four centers that performed longitudinal 3D ultrasound measurements at a regular basis. We calculated stomach volumes (n = 223) using Sonography‐based Automated Volume Count. The shortest stomach‐bladder distance (n = 241) was determined using multiplanar visualization of the volume datasets. We used linear mixed modelling to evaluate the effect of gestational age and type of gastroschisis (simple or complex) on fetal stomach volume and stomach‐bladder distance.ResultsWe included 79 affected fetuses. Sixty‐six (84%) had been assessed with 3D ultrasound at least once; 64 of these 66 were liveborn, nine (14%) had complex gastroschisis. With advancing gestational age, stomach volume significantly increased, and stomach‐bladder distance decreased (both P < .001). The developmental changes did not differ significantly between fetuses with simple and complex gastroschisis, neither for fetal stomach volume (P = .85), nor for stomach bladder distance (P = .78).ConclusionFetal stomach volume and stomach‐bladder distance, measured during pregnancy using 3D ultrasonography, do not predict complex gastroschisis.