bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How (not) to be rude: Facilitatingthe acquisition of L2 (im)politeness
Authors: Rieger Caroline L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article argues for frequent targeted teaching of relational language use or (im)politeness in the L2 classroom. The approach presented here draws on authentic data in the target language and in the language of instruction, which are readily available online. It encourages the learner to make use of their multilingual resources and is exploratory in nature, allowing for a deep engagement with (im)politeness, viz., an extensive array of semiotic features invested in the co-construction of social relations in every social interaction. Working at the interface of (im)politeness studies, intercultural pragmatics, interlanguage pragmatics, and language pedagogy, and undertaken from the perspective of interpersonal pragmatics and relational work, the qualitative analysis focuses on the collaborative work products from participatory learning activities of intermediate to advanced learners of German at a large North-American university. Results show the learners’ raised awareness and broadened knowledge. In particular, learners became aware that what is judged as (im)polite is dependent on the relationship of the interactants, the gender of the interactants, the sociocultural background, norms, values, and believes of the interactants, the context of the interaction, the affiliations of the evaluator, the sociocultural background, norms, values, and believes of the evaluator, etc. Results also suggest that some of the learners need to develop their pragmalinguistic skills further to fully participate in the evaluation of pragmatically rich target language discourse. Additional studies are needed to explore the impact on the learners’ interactional competence.
Reconstructing the Politeness Principle in Chinese: A response to Gu’s approach
Authors: Zhou Ling , Zhang Shaojie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBack in the early 1990s, Gu Yueguo formulated the Politeness Principle and its maxims to explain Chinese politeness phenomena, as a counter reaction to Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, which claims that politeness is a universal phenomenon in language usage. Despite the fact that Gu’s illustration of politeness phenomena in Chinese has attracted considerable attention from pragmaticians, this paper points out that there are at least three major issues in his study: failure to provide a generalized high-level definition of politeness, improper construction of some of the maxims, and inadequate adoption of Leech’s theoretical framework for analysis of Chinese data. With the increasing call for culture-specific research on im/politeness, it is of great necessity to rethink these issues regarding Chinese politeness phenomena. Therefore, this paper attempts to reconstruct the Politeness Principle in Chinese by reexamining and clarifying Gu’s approach. It argues that politeness can be defined as appropriate behavior in social interaction. Based on this definition, the Politeness Principle and four maxims of Modesty, Respectfulness, Friendliness, and Refinement are coherently reconstructed in a clarified and refined form. The reconstruction demonstrates that polite behavior in Chinese is exhibited in an appropriate or acceptable way in accordance with these maxims as social norms or regularities.
The role of individual differences in younger vs. older primary school learners of English in Denmark
Authors: Fenyvesi Katalin , Hansen Mikkel.B , Cadierno Teresa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study investigated 276 Danish first and third graders’ proficiency in English as a foreign language (FL) in relation to several socio-affective factors after their first year of instruction. The results showed that (a) both age groups made similar gains in receptive vocabulary and grammar, suggesting a similar rate of learning in this short time span; (b) the two groups had different socio-affective profiles. Younger learners exhibited lower levels of FL classroom anxiety and more positive English competence beliefs but had a less incremental mindset and relied more on external authorities as a source of motivation. In contrast, older learners relied less on external authorities and showed a more incremental mindset but exhibited higher levels of FL classroom anxiety and less positive English competence beliefs; and (c) only four socio-affective factors had a clear impact on proficiency: English competence beliefs and an incremental mindset had a positive influence while FL classroom anxiety and the influence of external authorities had a negative influence. The pedagogical implications of the different socio-affective strengths and weaknesses that characterize children in the two age groups are discussed.
Picking over the bones: the practicalities of processing the Athenian war dead
Authors: Rees Owen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThucydides’ account of the Athenian war dead creates a false image of a clean and efficient, systematic processing of the dead. To look beyond his description it is necessary to assess the practicalities involved in the process. In so doing, it has been necessary to reassess our own historical models. The logistics of identifying the dead accurately, combined with the amount of wood necessary to offer a complete cremation for hundreds of bodies, brings into question the notion that the war dead were cremated by tribe and kept separate up to their public burial. Similarly the notion of ash or bone returning to Athens is too clean, so use of the term “cremains” is proposed to offer an accurate terminology and bring ancient history in line with archaeological practices. When the practicalities and logistics involved in the processing of the dead are considered, some significant issues are raised concerning not only our own presumptions, but also the narrative that Thucydides himself offers.
‘Dagli altari alla polvere.’ Alaric, Constantine III, and the downfall of Stilicho
Authors: Wijnendaele Jeroen W. P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt has been frequently asserted that the western Roman supreme commander Stilicho’s neglect of the Transalpine provinces during the usurpation of Constantine III contributed to his eventual downfall in 408. Stilicho’s fatal flaw, in this recurring opinion, seems to have been a desire to annex eastern Illyricum for which he sought to employ Alaric. In a volte-face, he then wished to use Alaric as the leader of the western field army that was supposed to bring down Constantine. The aim of this article is to advance several notes of critique on this narrative that has had a long life in Stilichonian scholarship. Instead it will demonstrate that a) the threat of Constantine has been overestimated, b) Stilicho had no designs on annexing eastern Illyricum, c) he had a military strategy ready against Constantine that was sound and in tandem with earlier civil wars, and d) that the intended role of Alaric during this enterprise has been misunderstood. Nevertheless, Stilicho’s military strategy in 408 proved to be fundamentally corrosive towards his hitherto carefully built-up political capital. Olympius, the architect of his demise and his precise knowledge of Stilicho’s army preparations, as befitted the magister officiorium, provided the former with the perfect material to fabricate stories of Stilicho coveting a throne while neglecting the west. This set in motion the plot that ultimately brought down Stilicho.
New perspectives on Byzantine Spain: the Discriptio Hispaniae
Authors: Olesti Vila Oriol , Expósito Ricard Andreu , Wood Jamie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Discriptio Hispaniae is a passage from the Geometry of Gisemundus, also entitled Ars Gromatica Gisemundi (AGG), a medieval treatise of agrimensura written by an unknown author, probably a monk known as Gisemundus who had some agrimensorial experience. The work was compiled around AD 800 by collecting passages of a range of sizes, from just a few words to several pages, extracted from ancient and medieval sources. Although modern research into Roman agrimensorial texts has admitted the importance of the AGG, its corrupt condition has not invited sustained analysis. The passage now known as the Discriptio Hispaniae, a short section from chapter three of the second book of the AGG entitled III De segregatione provinciarum ab Augustalibus terminis, is particularly interesting for the information that it provides concerning the territorial division of Hispania in Late Antiquity. This article presents an edition and English translation of the Discriptio Hispaniae and argues that the most likely point of origin for the Discriptio Hispaniae is during the Byzantine occupation of parts of southern Spain during the second half of the sixth century and the first quarter of the seventh century. We suggest that the Discriptio Hispaniae was preserved because the Byzantine authorities were keen to keep on record information about the borders of the province of Carthaginensis, perhaps the main theme in the text.
Therapeutic hypothermia during neonatal transport at Regional Perinatal Centers: active vs. passive cooling
Authors: Lumba Rishi , Mally Pradeep , Espiritu Michael , Wachtel Elena V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Earlier initiation of therapeutic hypothermia in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy has been shown to improve neurological outcomes. The objective of the study was to compare safety and effectiveness of servo-controlled active vs. passive cooling used during neonatal transport in achieving target core temperature.

Methods
We undertook a prospective cohort quality improvement study with historic controls of therapeutic hypothermia during transport. Primary outcome measures were analyzed: time to cool after initiation of transport, time to achieve target temperature from birth and temperature on arrival to cooling centers. Safety was assessed by group comparison of vital signs, diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and coagulation profiles on arrival.

Results
A total of 65 infants were included in the study. Time to cool after initiation of transport and time to achieve target temperature from birth were statistically significantly shorter in the actively cooled group with time reduction of 24% with P<0.01 and 15.6% with P<0.01, respectively. On arrival to our cooling center, we noted a significance difference in the mean core temperature (active 33.8°C vs. passive 35.4°C, P<0.01). Seven percent (2/30) of infants in the passively cooled group were overcooled (temperature <33°C). Patients in the actively cooled group had significantly lower mean heart rate compared to the passively cooled group. There was no statistically significant difference in diagnosis of PPHN or coagulation profiles on admission.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that active cooling with a servo-controlled device on neonatal transport is safe and more effective in achieving target temperature compared to passive cooling.
Can Human Development Bonds Reduce the Agency Costs of the Resource Curse?
Authors: Sperduto Luke 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Especially in resource rich countries with weak institutions of governance, the interests of governments often diverge from those of their citizens and creditors. Sovereign bond contracts can potentially help align these interests, to the benefit of all parties, by indexing payment obligations to improvements in the health and education of the issuer’s citizenry. To that end, this Article proposes a Human Development Bond (HDB) with a variable coupon schedule that both insures issuers against recessions and incentivizes them to encourage investment in human capital when economic growth is strong. The potential benefits of such an instrument can only be realized, however, with significant support from the international community. Moreover, further empirical research is needed to calibrate the HDB’s coupon schedule to provide well-timed and appropriately sized debt relief.
A Political Theory of Public Library Development
Authors: Widdersheim Michael M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPublic library development is explained differently by various theories, but existing theories are problematic. A new theory is needed to explain public library development, one that foregrounds political processes. To produce this new theory, a historical case study was conducted of a regional public library system in the United States from 1924 to 2016. Multiple data sources and mixed methods were used to identify the causes of library development in nine periods of the case. Findings indicate that public libraries develop in a cyclical way. Within each decision cycle, high responsiveness is a necessary condition for a change in development. A responsive library system adapts to and acts upon discursively-legitimated issues. High responsiveness, together with either high civil support, high legitimacy or low resistance, are causal configurations sufficient for change. This theory is significant because it is testable, it uses a new research framework and new methods, and it provides new insight into public library development.
Legal Information and the Social Media: Some Current Issues
Authors: Lawal Vicki , Underwood Peter G , Stilwell Christine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article examines the effect of the adoption of social media in legal practice in Nigeria. It discusses some of the major challenges that have recently been experienced in the use of legal information in Nigeria within the context of the social media revolution, particularly with respect to ethics. A survey method was employed and data was collected through self-administered questionnaires to the study population comprising practicing lawyers located in various law firms in Nigeria. Outcomes from the study provide preliminary evidence on the nature of the application of social media in legal practice and the prospects for its inclusion as an important aspect of legal research in the legal education system in Nigeria.
The crystal structure of 1,5-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pentane-1,5-dione, C30H23NO2
Authors: Zuo Zhenyu , Hu Kunxia , Song Xiao , Zhang Hong , Tang Zhishu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
C30H23NO2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.7674(16) Å, b = 19.542(3) Å, c = 20.970(3) Å, V = 4412.5(11) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0350, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0963, T = 153 K.
Nonprofit Social Capital as an Indicator of a Healthy Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Bixler R. Patrick , Springer David W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNonprofit social capital refers to the trust, norms, and networks that can improve organizational performance to fulfill a mission. Research on social capital within organizations, and specifically with nonprofits, is relatively widespread; however, the notion that we can quantify, measure, and incentivize its growth across a sector is novel. Nonprofits actively work to solve some of society’s most complex challenges in diverse areas, such as public health, education, social inequality, and environment. Few would argue against the need for a robust and healthy nonprofit sector. Yet, there is little debate and even less agreement on the definition of “a healthy nonprofit sector” or how to measure it. We offer a policy brief on this topic in the form of an exploratory think piece, rather than a definitive empirical methodology or research paper, that connects nonprofit social capital to a framework of sector health. Solving many of the challenges facing society today will require trust, working together, and networks of resources and reciprocity. Because of this, nonprofit social capital – both cognitive and structural – is an important benchmark of nonprofit sector health and could supplement other metrics of an index offering a signal as to changes occurring in the sector.
The Structure of Mythological Old Comedy
Authors: Marsh Loren D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractScholars often assume that Old Comedies based on mythological stories differed from other Old Comedies primarily by their mythological plot material, and that therefore they shared the structural features of the surviving plays of Aristophanes. I show that the evidence may instead indicate that these Old Comedies did not as a rule have a parabasis or an agon. The structure of mythological Old Comedy could then have resembled the satyr play more closely than Aristophanic Old Comedy, meaning genre did not necessarily determine form.
Nonfarm diversification and the well-being of rural farm households in developing countries: Evidence from Ghana using new dataset
Authors: Senadza Bernardin , Nketiah-Amponsah Edward , Ampaw Samuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of participation in both farm and nonfarm activities on both household consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and household per capita income, in rural Ghana. The objective is to ascertain whether the results are sensitive to the choice of well-being measure. We use a nationally representative dataset on 8,059 rural farm households collected in 2012/13. In order to account for potential selectivity and endogeneity biases, which previous studies failed to correct for, we adopt the endogenous switching regression (ESR) estimation technique. We find diversified households to be systematically different from their undiversified counterparts in terms of socioeconomic and demographic centeracteristics, thus justifying the empirical method used. Our results indicate a higher observed mean consumption for the diversified sub-sample compared to its counterfactual, implying that households participating in nonfarm enterprise activities in addition to farming have greater mean consumption compared to households engaged solely in farming. Similar conclusions are reached when income instead is used as the well-being indicator. Our findings, thus, indicate that the well-being implication of farm-nonfarm diversification is insensitive to the choice of well-being measure.
Die Explizierung des Impliziten
Authors: Descher Stefan , Petraschka Thomas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Research on established ›practices‹ in literary studies often includes an analysis of tacit assumptions or implicit norms. In this article, we deal with what we consider a central issue for this kind of research: the question of ›making it explicit‹. We concentrate on the practice of argumentation in literary interpretation and ask how implicit aspects of arguments can be made explicit, and what the problems of such an undertaking are. We proceed in three steps. As a point of departure, we take an interpretation of the poem .Der Knabe im Moor. by Annette von Droste-Hulshoff and analyze which parts of the arguments usually remain implicit when they are presented in literary interpretations. Then, we suggest different reasons for why this might be the case. The third part of our paper argues that rational reconstructions of this kind must always deal with several of the issues that we encountered in our analysis of the case study, especially with the problem that the analysis of implicit elements of practices cannot be purely descriptive.
Ereignishaftigkeit und Narrativität in der deutschen Publizistik des Dreißigjährigen Krieges
Authors: Detering Nicolas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article draws on recent conceptualizations of ›eventfulness‹ and ›narrativeness‹ in order to argue that the significance of a particular event during the Thirty Years’ War may be not only a product of historiographical narrativization, but the collective effort of contemporary news media. The battle of Lutzen (1632) illustrates how the weekly periodicals established a set of factual data from which broadsheets, pamphlets and serial chronicles could select and arrange information to construct the eventfulness of the battle.
Addenda et corrigenda à P. Attinger, A propos de ak «faire»
Authors: Attinger Pascal , Ceccarelli Manuel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The reader will find here an extensive addenda et corrigenda to P. Attinger, A propos de ak «faire» (II), ZA 95 (2005) 208–275. Only expressions that were not yet recorded in ZA 95 and relevant additions (new attestations of rare expressions, important discussions) have been taken into account. On the other hand, we have refrained from making additions to well-known expressions and from recording instances which were epigraphically or semantically too uncertain.
Lexical notes on Mari letters
Authors: Arkhipov Ilya 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The present paper identifies new attestations for, and revises the meanings of, some rare words and expressions that appear mainly in Mari letters: baziʔitum ‘(a kind of) monkey’; bêšum ‘to explain, make clear’; ḫarāqum ‘to breach’; ina šārat waṣûm ‘to escape by a hair’s breadth’; kīsum ‘purse’; pāḫātum ‘responsibility’; rabbum ‘chief’; sagûm ‘to wander’; sakānum ‘to settle’; tabākum ‘to throw out’; tarākum ‘to hold aloft’.
„Ninurta-Duft“ oder: Von den Vorsichtsmaßnahmen, die ein mesopotamischer Heiler ergreifen sollte, bevor er einen erkrankten Patienten aufsuchte
Authors: Maul Stefan M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Among the best preserved of the tablets found in the so-called “House of the Incantation Priest” in Assur numbers Tablet VAT 8803, already fired in antiquity, written by the healer Nabû-bēssun(u) in the early 7th century BCE. The accurate, archaising ductus of the script and the many triangular “firing holes” on the obverse, reverse, and side margins furnish this tablet, first published as KAR no. 31, with a striking physical appearance commensurate with its fundamental significance for ancient Near Eastern healing arts. In addition to instructions regarding the preparation and application of a salve which should provide the healer with the necessary sanitary protection when visiting invalids, the tablet also contains the wording of the concomitant exorcistic dicenda. A new edition of this text is here presented.
IM 148516 – Ein neues Abwehrzauberritual vor dem Mondgott
Authors: Fadhil Anmar Abdulillah 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In 1979, the Directorate General of Antiquities of Iraq in Baghdad ordered the resumption of archaeological excavation in Assur within plan square hC/D/E8I, where Walter Andrae had discovered the so-called “House of the Incantation Priest” in the summer of 1908. More than 150 clay tablets and fragments were unearthed within several rooms, among these tablet IM 148516 which contains a new anti-witchcraft ritual conducted before the moon-god.
Neo-Assyrian Scribal Practices: The Editorial History of Ashurbanipal’s Prism F Inscription
Authors: Jeffers Joshua 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ashurbanipal’s Prism F inscription contains numerous variant traditions among its individual exemplars. In an article published in 1977, M. Cogan classified the more significant variants as independent recensions of the inscription. However, a reexamination of his seven recensional classes shows that there is in fact only one major recension of this inscription besides the main version of the text, with a few exemplars preserving two additional variant traditions in one episode. Furthermore, with respect to Prism F’s compositional history, an examination of this major recension suggests that it may have been the first version of the Prism F inscription that was then edited to become the main version of the text.
The Ewe that was a Scapegoat Bride: A New Look at the Hittite Bestiality Purification Ritual KUB 41, 11+
Authors: Gilan Amir 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The ritual KUB 41, 11+ is known especially for its striking treatment of the purification of bestiality. This article challenges the common interpretation that the ritual involved a marriage between the sexual offender and the victimized sheep or goat, showing that no evidence suggests such a marriage. Instead, the ewe-bride motif may be interpreted as an elaborate variation on the scapegoat ritual genre, offering an interesting twist to the adornment of the scapegoat before it was sent away.