bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangle the neural correlates of attachment style in healthy individuals
Authors: Perlini Cinzia , Bellani Marcella , Rossetti Maria Gloria , Zovetti Niccolò , Rossin Giulia , Bressi Cinzia , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince its development and theorisation in the 60s, attachment theory has greatly influenced both clinical and developmental psychology suggesting the existence of complex dynamics based on the relationship between an infant and its caregiver, that affects personality traits and interpersonal relationships in adulthood. Many studies have been conducted to explore the association between attachment styles and psychosocial functioning and mental health. By contrast, only a few studies have investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of attachment style, showing mixed results. Therefore, in this review, we described current evidence from structural and functional imaging studies with the final aim to disentangle the neural correlates of attachment style in healthy individuals. Overall, different attachment styles have been correlated with volumetric alterations mainly in the cingulate cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and anterior temporal pole. Consistently, functional imaging studies suggested patterns of activations in fronto-striatal-limbic circuits during the processing of social and attachment-related stimuli. Further studies are needed to clarify the neurobiological signature of attachment style, possibly taking into consideration a wide range of demographic, psychosocial and clinical factors that may mediate the associations between the style of attachment and brain systems (e.g., gender, personality traits, psychosocial functioning, early-life experience).
More efficient North Atlantic carbon pump during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Yu J. , Menviel L. , Jin Z. D. , Thornalley D. J. R. , Foster G. L. , Rohling E. J. , McCave I. N. , McManus J. F. , Dai Y. , Ren H. , He F. , Zhang F. , Chen P. J. , Roberts A. P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~20,000 years ago), the global ocean sequestered a large amount of carbon lost from the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere. Suppressed CO2 outgassing from the Southern Ocean is the prevailing explanation for this carbon sequestration. By contrast, the North Atlantic Ocean—a major conduit for atmospheric CO2 transport to the ocean interior via the overturning circulation—has received much less attention. Here we demonstrate that North Atlantic carbon pump efficiency during the LGM was almost doubled relative to the Holocene. This is based on a novel proxy approach to estimate air–sea CO2 exchange signals using combined carbonate ion and nutrient reconstructions for multiple sediment cores from the North Atlantic. Our data indicate that in tandem with Southern Ocean processes, enhanced North Atlantic CO2 absorption contributed to lowering ice-age atmospheric CO2.
Biomimetic electromechanical stimulation to maintain adult myocardial slices in vitro
Authors: Watson Samuel A. , Duff James , Bardi Ifigeneia , Zabielska Magdalena , Atanur Santosh S. , Jabbour Richard J. , Simon André , Tomas Alejandra , Smolenski Ryszard T. , Harding Sian E. , Perbellini Filippo , Terracciano Cesare M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdult cardiac tissue undergoes a rapid process of dedifferentiation when cultured outside the body. The in vivo environment, particularly constant electromechanical stimulation, is fundamental to the regulation of cardiac structure and function. We investigated the role of electromechanical stimulation in preventing culture-induced dedifferentiation of adult cardiac tissue using rat, rabbit and human heart failure myocardial slices. Here we report that the application of a preload equivalent to sarcomere length (SL) = 2.2 μm is optimal for the maintenance of rat myocardial slice structural, functional and transcriptional properties at 24 h. Gene sets associated with the preservation of structure and function are activated, while gene sets involved in dedifferentiation are suppressed. The maximum contractility of human heart failure myocardial slices at 24 h is also optimally maintained at SL = 2.2 μm. Rabbit myocardial slices cultured at SL = 2.2 μm remain stable for 5 days. This approach substantially prolongs the culture of adult cardiac tissue in vitro.
Publisher Correction: Microwave photons emitted by fractionally charged quasiparticles
Authors: Bisognin R. , Bartolomei H. , Kumar M. , Safi I. , Berroir J.-M. , Bocquillon E. , Plaçais B. , Cavanna A. , Gennser U. , Jin Y. , Fève G. 
Published: May 2019

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. Affiliation 3 incorrectly read “Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France”. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Individual control and readout of qubits in a sub-diffraction volume
Authors: Bersin Eric , Walsh Michael , Mouradian Sara L. , Trusheim Matthew E. , Schröder Tim , Englund Dirk 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMedium-scale ensembles of coupled qubits offer a platform for near-term quantum technologies as well as studies of many-body physics. A central challenge for coherent control of such systems is the ability to measure individual quantum states without disturbing nearby qubits. Here, we demonstrate the measurement of individual qubit states in a sub-diffraction cluster by selectively exciting spectrally distinguishable nitrogen vacancy centers. We perform super-resolution localization of single centers with nanometer spatial resolution, as well as individual control and readout of spin populations. These measurements indicate a readout-induced crosstalk on non-addressed qubits below 4 × 10−2. This approach opens the door to high-speed control and measurement of qubit registers in mesoscopic spin clusters, with applications ranging from entanglement-enhanced sensors to error-corrected qubit registers to multiplexed quantum repeater nodes.
Third BIR domain of XIAP binds to both Cu(II) and Cu(I) in multiple sites and with diverse affinities characterized at atomic resolution
Authors: Chen Shen-Na , Fang Tian , Kong Jing-Yang , Pan Bin-Bin , Su Xun-Cheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe X-chromosome linked inhibitor of apoptosis, XIAP, is mainly known as the inhibitor of caspases by direct interaction with caspases with its baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains. XIAP has three BIR domains and each BIR domain contains a zinc binding site, normally known as zinc finger motif. Recent studies showed that XIAP is involved in copper homeostasis in cells and the BIR domains bind copper ion. However, structural details of the second and third BIR domain, BIR2 and BIR3, in XIAP, with copper as well as the binding modes are not known. In the present work we characterize the structural properties of BIR3 in solution by high resolution NMR and other biophysical techniques. The interaction of BIR3 with copper both in vitro and in cell lysates was analyzed. Our results show that BIR3 is able to form stable complexes both with Cu(II) and Cu(I), whereas zinc binding site is not affected and zinc retains tightly bound in the zinc finger during these interactions. Surprisingly, BIR3 has multiple binding sites for Cu(II) and Cu(I) but with varied binding affinities. In addition, the solvent exposed Cys351 is readily oxidized by Cu(II) resulting an intermolecular disulfide bond either between two BIR3 molecules or a mixed disulfide bond with glutathione in cell lysates.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets change after steroid withdrawal in renal allograft recipients: a prospective study
Authors: Llinàs-Mallol Laura , Redondo-Pachón Dolores , Pérez-Sáez María José , Raïch-Regué Dàlia , Mir Marisa , Yélamos José , López-Botet Miguel , Pascual Julio , Crespo Marta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral studies have assessed clinical outcomes after steroid withdrawal (SW) in kidney transplant (KT) recipients, but little is known about its potential impact on lymphocyte subpopulations. We designed a prospective study to evaluate the long-term impact of SW in 19 KT recipients compared to 16 KT recipients without changes in immunosuppression (steroid maintenance, SM). We assessed renal function, presence of HLA antibodies and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets at time of inclusion, and 3, 12 and 24 months later. The immunophenotype of 20 healthy subjects was also analyzed. Serum creatinine and proteinuria remained stable in SW and SM patients. SW did not associate with generation of de novo donor-specific antibodies. SW patients showed decreases in T-lymphocytes (p < 0.001), and in the CD4+ T cell subpopulation (p = 0.046). The proportion of B-lymphocytes (p = 0.017), and both naïve and transitional B cells increased compared to SM patients (p < 0.001). Changes in B cell subsets were detected 3 months after SW and persisted for 24 months. No changes were observed in NK cells related to steroid withdrawal. SW patients displayed significant changes in peripheral T and B cell subsets, transitioning to the phenotype detected in healthy subjects. This may be considered as a maintained positive effect of SW previously unnoticed.
Relevance of a TCGA-derived Glioblastoma Subtype Gene-Classifier among Patient Populations
Authors: Teo Wan-Yee , Sekar Karthik , Seshachalam Pratap , Shen Jianhe , Chow Wing-Yuk , Lau Ching C. , Yang HeeKyoung , Park Junseong , Kang Seok-Gu , Li Xiaonan , Nam Do-Hyun , Hui Kam M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a deadly cancer, is the most lethal and common malignant brain tumor, and the leading cause of death in adult brain tumors. While genomic data continues to rocket, clinical application and translation to patient care are lagging behind. Big data now deposited in the TCGA network offers a window to generate novel clinical hypotheses. We hypothesized that a TCGA-derived gene-classifier can be applied across different gene profiling platforms and population groups. This gene-classifier validated three robust GBM-subtypes across six different platforms, among Caucasian, Korean and Chinese populations: Three Caucasian-predominant TCGA-cohorts (Affymetrix U133A = 548, Agilent Custom-Array = 588, RNA-seq = 168), and three Asian-cohorts (Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0ST-Array = 61, Illumina = 52, Agilent 4 × 44 K = 60). To understand subtype-relevance in patient therapy, we investigated retrospective TCGA patient clinical sets. Subtype-specific patient survival outcome was similarly poor and reflected the net result of a mixture of treatment regimens with/without surgical resection. As a proof-of-concept, in subtype-specific patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mice, Classical-subtype demonstrated no survival difference comparing radiation-therapy versus temozolomide monotherapies. Though preliminary, a PDOX model of Proneural/Neural-subtype demonstrated significantly improved survival with temozolomide compared to radiation-therapy. A larger scale study using this gene-classifier may be useful in clinical outcome prediction and patient selection for trials based on subtyping.
Discrimination of the hierarchical structure of cortical layers in 2-photon microscopy data by combined unsupervised and supervised machine learning
Authors: Li Dong , Zavaglia Melissa , Wang Guangyu , Xie Hong , Hu Yi , Werner Rene , Guan Ji-Song , Hilgetag Claus C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe laminar organization of the cerebral cortex is a fundamental characteristic of the brain, with essential implications for cortical function. Due to the rapidly growing amount of high-resolution brain imaging data, a great demand arises for automated and flexible methods for discriminating the laminar texture of the cortex. Here, we propose a combined approach of unsupervised and supervised machine learning to discriminate the hierarchical cortical laminar organization in high-resolution 2-photon microscopic neural image data of mouse brain without observer bias, that is, without the prerequisite of manually labeled training data. For local cortical foci, we modify an unsupervised clustering approach to identify and represent the laminar cortical structure. Subsequently, supervised machine learning is applied to transfer the resulting layer labels across different locations and image data, to ensure the existence of a consistent layer label system. By using neurobiologically meaningful features, the discrimination results are shown to be consistent with the layer classification of the classical Brodmann scheme, and provide additional insight into the structure of the cerebral cortex and its hierarchical organization. Thus, our work paves a new way for studying the anatomical organization of the cerebral cortex, and potentially its functional organization.
Automatic discovery of image-based signatures for ipilimumab response prediction in malignant melanoma
Authors: Harder Nathalie , Schönmeyer Ralf , Nekolla Katharina , Meier Armin , Brieu Nicolas , Vanegas Carolina , Madonna Gabriele , Capone Mariaelena , Botti Gerardo , Ascierto Paolo A. , Schmidt Günter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the context of precision medicine with immunotherapies there is an increasing need for companion diagnostic tests to identify potential therapy responders and avoid treatment coming along with severe adverse events for non-responders. Here, we present a retrospective case study to discover image-based signatures for developing a potential companion diagnostic test for ipilimumab (IPI) in malignant melanoma. Signature discovery is based on digital pathology and fully automatic quantitative image analysis using virtual multiplexing as well as machine learning and deep learning on whole-slide images. We systematically correlated the patient outcome data with potentially relevant local image features using a Tissue Phenomics approach with a sound cross validation procedure for reliable performance evaluation. Besides uni-variate models we also studied combinations of signatures in several multi-variate models. The most robust and best performing model was a decision tree model based on relative densities of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the intra-tumoral infiltration region. Our results are well in agreement with observations described in previously published studies regarding the predictive value of the immune contexture, and thus, provide predictive potential for future development of a companion diagnostic test.
Generation of a Jurkat-based fluorescent reporter cell line to evaluate lipid antigen interaction with the human iNKT cell receptor
Authors: Humeniuk Piotr , Geiselhart Sabine , Battin Claire , Webb Tonya , Steinberger Peter , Paster Wolfgang , Hoffmann-Sommergruber Karin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a specialized subset of T cells contributing to both, the innate and adaptive immune responses. In contrast to conventional T lymphocytes they recognize lipid antigens. The aim of the project is to establish a novel model system, to study iNKT-TCR – ligand interaction. An iNKT reporter cell line (JE6-1REP-iNKT) was engineered by introducing the human iNKT-TCR into a human leukemic T cell line carrying an NF-κB-driven fluorescent transcriptional reporter construct. Antigen presenting BWSTIMcells expressing human CD1d and CD80 were generated. Reporter induction in JE6-1REP-iNKTcells was assessed by flow cytometry. CRISPR/Cas9 was used for β2M knock out in JE6-1REP-iNKTcells to abrogate CD1d expression and thus excluding antigen self-presentation. Reporter cells were shown to specifically react with iNKT antigens presented via CD1d. Their sensitivity towards α-GalCer was comparable to a murine iNKT hybridoma cell line. In conclusion, we created a novel iNKT reporter platform which, compared to traditional iNKT cell assays, is characterized by a shorter turnaround time and lower costs. It thus facilitates the identification of antigenic structures that drive the activation of iNKT cells in health and disease.
Improvement of wear resistance in a pearlitic rail steel via quenching and partitioning processing
Authors: Masoumi Mohammad , Echeverri Edwan Anderson Ariza , Tschiptschin André Paulo , Goldenstein Hélio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImprovement of wear resistance and mechanical performance of rails used in heavy-haul railway are essential to reduce railroad maintenance costs. A novel heat treatment based on quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing was proposed to improve the wear resistance of a hypereutectoid pearlitic rail. 50% of austenite was transformed into martensite under an interrupted quenching from full austenitization temperature to 140 °C. A multiphase microstructure resulted from the quenching and partitioning process, consisting of tempered martensite, bainite, retained austenite, and pearlite colonies. The partitioning step was performed in the range of 350–650 °C. Microstructure characteristics were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, microhardness measurements, X-ray and electron backscattered diffraction. Uniaxial tensile and pin-on-disc tests were also performed to evaluate the mechanical properties and wear resistance. The best combination of wear resistance and mechanical performance was obtained in samples partitioned at 450 and 550 °C, which may be applied in the railway industries.
Computed tomography porosity and spherical indentation for determining cortical bone millimetre-scale mechanical properties
Authors: Boughton Oliver R. , Ma Shaocheng , Cai Xiran , Yan Liye , Peralta Laura , Laugier Pascal , Marrow James , Giuliani Finn , Hansen Ulrich , Abel Richard L. , Grimal Quentin , Cobb Justin P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cortex of the femoral neck is a key structural element of the human body, yet there is not a reliable metric for predicting the mechanical properties of the bone in this critical region. This study explored the use of a range of non-destructive metrics to measure femoral neck cortical bone stiffness at the millimetre length scale. A range of testing methods and imaging techniques were assessed for their ability to measure or predict the mechanical properties of cortical bone samples obtained from the femoral neck of hip replacement patients. Techniques that can potentially be applied in vivo to measure bone stiffness, including computed tomography (CT), bulk wave ultrasound (BWUS) and indentation, were compared against in vitro techniques, including compression testing, density measurements and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Porosity, as measured by micro-CT, correlated with femoral neck cortical bone’s elastic modulus and ultimate compressive strength at the millimetre length scale. Large-tip spherical indentation also correlated with bone mechanical properties at this length scale but to a lesser extent. As the elastic mechanical properties of cortical bone correlated with porosity, we would recommend further development of technologies that can safely measure cortical porosity in vivo.
Optimizing Silicon photomultipliers for Quantum Optics
Authors: Chesi Giovanni , Malinverno Luca , Allevi Alessia , Santoro Romualdo , Caccia Massimo , Martemiyanov Alexander , Bondani Maria 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSilicon Photomultipliers are potentially ideal detectors for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information studies based on mesoscopic states of light. However, their non-idealities hampered their use so far. An optimal mode of operation has been developed and it is presented here, proving that this class of sensors can actually be exploited for the characterization of both classical and quantum properties of light.
Investigating the Effect of the Environment on Prey Detection Ability in Humans
Authors: Allen Peter J. , Wiener Jan M. , Gatzidis Christos , Stringer Chris B. , Stewart John R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVisual search experiments used in the field of psychology may be applied to investigate the relationship between environments and prey detection rates that could influence hunting behaviours in ancient humans. Two lab-based experiments were designed to examine the effects of differing virtual environments, representing Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) in Europe, on participants’ ability to locate prey. The results show that prey detection performance is highly influenced by vegetation structure, both in terms of the biome type (wooded vs. grassland environments) and the density of the vegetation (trees in wooded and shrubs in grassland environments). However, the density of vegetation has a greater relative effect in grassland than in wooded biomes. Closer examination of the transition between biomes (relative percentages of trees vs. shrubs) at the same vegetative density shows a non-linear relationship between prey detection performance and the relative tree to shrub percentages. Changes in the distribution of biomes occurred throughout the Quaternary. The composition of those biomes will have likely affected hominin hunting behaviours because of their intermediary effects on prey detection performance. This may, therefore, have played a role in the turn-overs of hunter-gatherer hominin populations during MIS3 and at other times in the Quaternary.
The significance of serum HMGB1 level in humans with acute paraquat poisoning
Authors: Chen Feng , Liu Zuolong , Li Wei , Li Dan , Yan Bailing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates acute lung injury in a mouse model of paraquat poisoning. However, published reports showing a clinically relevant association between HMGB1 and paraquat exposure are lacking. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential role of serum HMGB1 level as a prognostic marker of mortality in patients with paraquat poisoning in a clinical setting. This retrospective observational cohort study included a convenience sample of 92 patients with acute paraquat poisoning admitted to the emergency room (ER) of The First Hospital of Jilin University between January 2014 and December 2016. Baseline serum HMGB1 levels and other laboratory parameters were measured on admission. Cumulative incidence of mortality during the first 30 days after admission was 50% (n = 46/92). Serum HMGB1 levels were higher in fatalities than survivors (P = 0.015), 30-day mortality increased with increasing baseline serum HMGB1 level (P < 0.001), and higher serum HMGB1 levels were associated with an increase in 30-day mortality on Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified baseline serum HMGB1 levels, white blood cell count, and serum lactic acid levels as independent prognostic markers of 30-day mortality. These data suggest that serum HMGB1 levels measured on admission to the ER are an independent predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with acute paraquat poisoning.