bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo‐structural characterization of (As2Se3)100‐x‐(As2Te3)x glasses for infrared optics
Authors: Brandová Daniela , Svoboda Roman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry was used to study thermokinetic behavior of (As2Se3)100−x(As2Te3)x infrared glasses (seven compositions along the pseudo‐binary were investigated). Glass‐transition kinetics was described in terms of the Tool‐Narayanaswamy‐Moynihan model and the relaxation motions were interpreted using Raman spectroscopy data. The enthalpy relaxation kinetics was found to be absolutely uninfluenced by changing Se/Te ratio. On the other hand, DSC crystallization behavior changed significantly with increasing As2Te3 content: Te‐rich compositions show marked affinity toward crystallization, whereas in case of the compositions with 0‐34 mol.% As2Te3 crystal growth is significantly suppressed. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated presence of monoclinic As2Se3, As2Te3, and As2Se(Te)3 phases. The complex crystallization behavior occurring in case of the Te‐rich compositions was described by superposition of two autocatalytic kinetic signals. Based on the information from infrared microscopy the two overlapping crystallization processes can be attributed to the respective formations of spherulitic and needle‐shaped crystallites. Best glass stability was identified in case of the (As2Se3)66(As2Te3)34 composition, which appears to be a potential candidate for optic applications in the far‐infrared region of the spectrum.
Simple and low‐cost synthetic route for SiBCN ceramic powder from a boron‐modified cyclotrisilazane
Authors: Thiyagarajan Ganesh Babu , Devasia Renjith 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study reports a simple and low‐cost synthetic route for preparing SiBCN ceramic powder via pyrolysis of boron‐modified cyclotrisilazane (BCTS). BCTS resins were synthesized by reacting boric acid with 1, 3, 5‐trimethyl‐1′, 3′, 5′‐trivinylcyclotrisilazane (CTS) in the molar ratio of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. The boron modification in CTS resin resulted in optimum properties for preceramic polymers such as solubility in common solvents, processable viscosity (<20 cps) and high ceramic yield (>80 wt. %). The polymer to ceramic conversion was carried out at 1450 and 1650°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The study demonstrated that the changes in CTS concentration and pyrolysis temperature significantly affected the evolution of ceramic phases, morphology, and elemental composition which were thoroughly investigated through XRD, SEM, and HRTEM techniques. The results revealed the formation of β‐SiC, β‐Si3N4, and oxide ceramic phases with BCTS in the molar ratio of 1:1 and 1:3; whereas, β‐SiC, β‐Si3N4, and turbostratic BN(C) ceramic phases were obtained with BCTS in the molar ratio of 1:5.
Reduced reward responsiveness moderates the effect of maternal depression on depressive symptoms in offspring: evidence across levels of analysis
Authors: Kujawa Autumn , Hajcak Greg , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundReduced reward responsiveness (RR) may contribute to depression vulnerability. At the neurophysiological level, RR is reliably and validly assessed using the reward positivity (RewP) event‐related potential component. We previously identified a blunted RewP in 9‐year‐old children at high risk for depression due to maternal depression, but the role of RR in pathways from parental history to the development of depressive symptoms has not been examined.MethodsAt age 9, never‐depressed children (N = 369) completed a task in which RewP was measured in response to monetary reward and loss feedback. Parental history of depression was assessed using semistructured interviews, and children reported on their depressive symptoms. At age 12, youth depressive symptoms were reassessed, along with a self‐report measure of RR. We tested RR as a moderator of the effects of parental depression on depressive symptoms at age 12, using both neurophysiological and self‐report measures and controlling for age 9 symptoms.ResultsMain effects of RR and interactions with maternal depression were significant. Maternal depression predicted greater depressive symptoms in youth with blunted and average RewP but was not a significant predictor in youth with an enhanced RewP. A similar pattern was observed for self‐reported RR. The two measures of RR were not correlated with each other and accounted for unique variance in symptoms. Interactions between RR and paternal depression were not significant.ConclusionsReduced RR, as measured by neurophysiology and self‐report, moderates the effects of maternal depression on depressive symptoms in offspring. Assessment of RR along with risk factors such as parental depression may aid in identifying children at greatest risk and enhancing RR could be a potential target for prevention. Results highlight the utility of multimethod approaches for advancing understanding of depression risk.
Environmental stress does not increase the mean strength of selection
Authors: Arbuthnott Devin , Whitlock Michael C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA common intuition among evolutionary biologists and ecologists is that environmental stress will increase the strength of selection against deleterious alleles and among alternate genotypes. However, the strength of selection is determined by the relative fitness differences among genotypes, and there is no theoretical reason why these differences should be exaggerated as mean fitness decreases. We update a recent review of the empirical results pertaining to environmental stress and the strength of selection and find that there is no overall trend towards increased selection under stress, in agreement with other recent analyses of existing data. The majority of past studies measure the strength of selection by quantifying the decrease in fitness imposed by single or multiple mutations in different environments. However, selection rarely acts on one locus independently, and the strength of selection will be determined by variation across the whole genome. We used 20 inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster to make repeated fitness measurements of the same genotypes in four different environments. This framework allowed us to determine the variation in fitness attributable to genotype across stressful environments and to calculate the opportunity for selection among these genotypes in each stress. Although we found significant decreases in mean fitness in our stressful environments, we did not find any significant differences in the strength of selection among any of the four measured environments. Therefore, in agreement with our updated review, we find no evidence for the oft‐cited verbal model that stress increases the strength of selection.
The mode of action of remorin1 in regulating fruit ripening at transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels
Authors: Cai Jianghua , Qin Guozheng , Chen Tong , Tian Shiping 
Published: July 2018

Summary

Remorins are plant‐specific and plasma membrane‐associated proteins that display a variety of functions in plant growth, development, biotic and abiotic stresses, and signal transduction. However, little information is available for understanding their role in fruit ripening.

Here, remorin 1 (SlREM1) is cloned from tomato and its localization is examined by co‐localization analysis and immunoblotting. Functions of SlREM1 in fruit ripening are characterized based on gene expression, co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectroscopy and split luciferase complementation imaging assays in SlREM1 overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) lines.

The results indicate that SlREM1 is localized at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of SlREM1 in tomato stimulates fruit ripening with an increase in ethylene production and lycopene accumulation as compared to the wild‐type. Consistently, these genes involved in ethylene and lycopene biosynthesis and ripening regulators also are upregulated in SlREM1 overexpression lines. SlREM1 can interact with ethylene biosynthesis proteins SAM1, ACO1 and ACS2 and is degraded by ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis.

Our findings reveal that SlREM1 serves as a positive regulator of fruit ripening and provide novel cues for understanding of the molecular regulation network of fruit ripening.
Suicide Notes: Assessing Their Impact on the Bereaved
Authors: Feigelman William , Sanford Rebecca , Cerel Julie 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveAlthough suicidologists have devoted great interest toward the importance of suicide notes, scant attention has been paid to their impact upon the suicide bereaved.MethodTo address this issue we conducted on an online survey querying 146 mostly American suicide bereaved adults who indicated severe emotional distress after their losses, 80% of whom had lost first degree‐relatives.ResultsWe found no significant differences in mental health outcomes between those who received suicide notes and those who had not; nor were differences noted between those whose notes contained helpful or unhelpful information and those who had not received such information.ConclusionWe also observed poorer mental health outcomes among the suicide bereaved who expected to receive a suicide note after their loved one died—and did not receive any communication– indicating needs for clinical support among this vulnerable subgroup.
From the hidden welfare state to the hidden part of welfare state reform: Analyzing the uses and effects of fiscal welfare in France
Authors: Morel Nathalie , Touzet Chloé , Zemmour Michaël 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article argues that fiscal welfare in Europe not only forms part of the “hidden welfare state” (Howard, ), but also constitutes an important yet understudied—and therefore hidden—element of welfare state reform. Using the example of France, and relying both on available data and on an exhaustive database of social tax expenditures (STEs) compiled for 2014, the article begins by providing an overview of the structure of STEs in France (section 2). It then analyzes the specific uses and effects of STEs in the fields of employment, health care, and pensions. In particular, it shows, first of all, how STEs have constituted a privileged instrument for circumventing certain institutional features such as high levels of minimum wage and of social security contributions in the field of employment (section 3). Second, it also shows that STEs have been used to quietly divert resources away from the earmarked social security funds and into collective private insurance funds, thus fueling their development, in the case of health care and pensions (section 4). Lastly, the article engages with the notion of the “social division of welfare” (Titmuss, ) by considering some of the distributional effects of fiscal welfare in France (section 5), before concluding (section 6).
Practical inter‐sectoral linking: Tool to rabies One Health coordination to the grass‐roots level
Authors: Barroga Toni Rose , Gordoncillo Mary Joy , Lagayan Maria Glofezita , Bernales Rona , Caniban Mardi , Lopez Emelinda , Abila Ronello 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRabies is an endemic disease in the Philippines. Addressing the disease at source, massive efforts towards dog vaccination and public awareness on rabies have been pursued by various Local Government Units (LGUs) in the country. While marked improvements have been seen, rabies continues to persist where it exists, largely owing to poor surveillance of the disease in animals and weak coordination between the human and animal health sectors. To bridge these critical gaps, the BAI‐OIE STANDZ Rabies Project in the Philippines, together with the key rabies stakeholders in Bicol Region, developed the “Practical Inter‐sectoral Linking”—an operational protocol and practical network of local key players (human health, animal health and LGUs) involved in rabies detection, reporting and implementation of appropriate interventions. It is initiated by recognized triggers such as detection of confirmed or probable rabies cases and is closely linked with early detection in animals, case investigation, quarantine, diagnosis, reporting and post‐exposure prophylaxis. People down to the village level are informed about the routine, protocol and contact details of relevant people in responding to bite victims with the flowchart provided by the tool. This tool was initially rolled out in pilot provinces in the Bicol Region and to date has already documented success in initiating timely actions to 31 laboratory confirmed rabies cases being investigated, which actually saved 46 human lives upon further investigation. With this established at the LGU level, the goal to timely detect suspect or probable rabies cases and promptly implement appropriate interventions are expected to improve, while local officials are empowered with their roles as frontline workers in the prevention and control of rabies.
Impact of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation on outcomes of elderly patients who had out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: a single-centre retrospective analysis
Authors: Goto Tadahiro , Morita Sachiko , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Natsukawa Tomoaki , Sawano Hirotaka , Hayashi Yasuyuki , Kai Tatsuro 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesLittle is known about the effectiveness of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for elderly patients who had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of age on outcomes among patients who had OHCA treated with ECPR.DesignSingle-centre retrospective cohort study.SettingA critical care centre that covers a population of approximately 1 million residents.ParticipantsPatients who had consecutive OHCA aged ≥18 years who underwent ECPR from 2005 to 2013.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were 1 month neurologically favourable outcomes and survival. To determine the association between advanced age and each outcome, we fitted multivariable logistic regression models using: (1) age as a continuous variable and (2) age as a categorical variable (<50 years, 50–59 years, 60–69 years and ≥70 years).ResultsOverall, 144 patients who had OHCA who underwent ECPR were eligible for our analyses. The proportion of neurologically favourable outcomes was 7%, while survival was 19% in patients who had OHCA. After the adjustment for potential confounders, while advanced age was non-significantly associated with neurologically favourable outcomes (adjusted OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.01), p=0.08), the association between advanced age and the poor survival rate was significant (adjusted OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.99), p=0.04). Additionally, compared with age <50 years, age ≥70 years was non-significantly associated with poor neurological outcomes (adjusted OR 0.08 (95% CI 0.01 to 1.00), p=0.051), whereas age ≥70 years was significantly associated with worse survival in the adjusted model (adjusted OR 0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.80), p=0.03).ConclusionsIn our analysis of consecutive OHCA data from a critical care hospital in an urban area of Japan, we found that advanced age was associated with the lower rate of 1-month survival in patients who had OHCA who underwent ECPR. Although larger studies are required to confirm these results, our findings suggest that ECPR may not be beneficial for patients who had OHCA aged ≥70 years.
Cardiovascular mortality in a Western Asian country: results from the Iran Cohort Consortium
Authors: Fahimfar Noushin , Khalili Davood , Sepanlou Sadaf Ghajarieh , Malekzadeh Reza , Azizi Fereidoun , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Roohafza Hamidreza , Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Hadaegh Farzad , Poustchi Hossein , Mansourian Marjan , Hashemi Hassan , Sharafkhah Maryam , Pourshams Akram , Farzadfar Farshad , Steyerberg Ewout W , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesCardiovascular mortality in Western Asia is high and still rising. However, most data documented on risk prediction has been derived from Western countries and few population-based cohort studies have been conducted in this region. The current study aimed to present the process of pooling data and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality incidences for four Iranian cohorts.MethodsFrom the Iran Cohort Consortium, the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS), Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS) and the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study (ShECS) were eligible for the current study since they had appropriate data and follow-up visits. Age-standardised CVD mortality rates were estimated for ages 40–80 and 40–65 years. Cox regression was used to compare mortalities among cohorts. Adjusted marginal rates were calculated using Poisson regression.ResultsOverall, 61 291 participants (34 880 women) aged 40–80 years, free of CVD at baseline, were included. During 504 606 person-years of follow-up, 1981 CVD deaths (885 women) occurred. Age-standardised/sex-standardised premature CVD mortality rates were estimated from 133 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 81 to 184) in ShECS to 366 (95% CI 342 to 389) in the GCS. Compared with urban women, rural women had higher CVD mortality in the GCS but not in the ICS. The GCS population had a higher risk of CVD mortality, compared with the others, adjusted for conventional CVD risk factors.ConclusionsThe incidence of CVD mortality is high with some differences between urban and rural cohorts in Iran as a Western Asian country. Pooling data facilitates the opportunity to globally evaluate risk prediction models.
Analgesic effects of intravenous flunixin and intrafunicular lidocaine or their combination for castration of lambs
Authors: Straticò Paola , Varasano Vincenzo , Suriano Riccardo , Mariscoli Massimo , Robbe Domenico , Giammarco Melania , Vignola Giorgio , Petrizzi Lucio 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo analyse the effectiveness of intrafunicular lidocaine and intravenous flunixin for reducing pain and signs of stress in lambs undergoing surgical castration.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingOne university teaching hospital in Italy.Participants30 healthy male lambs, 9–12 weeks old.InterventionAllocation to five groups: a control group (C), undergoing general anaesthesia but not castration; a surgery group (S), undergoing orchiectomy without analgesic treatment; a surgery‐lidocaine group (SL), undergoing orchiectomy and receiving intrafunicular 2 per cent lidocaine solution; a surgery‐flunixin group (SF), undergoing orchiectomy and receiving intravenous flunixin; a surgery‐flunixin‐lidocaine group (SFL), undergoing orchiectomy and receiving both intrafunicular lidocaine and intravenous flunixin.Main outcome measuresNociception and stress were assessed through intraoperative indicators, serum cortisol concentration, glycaemia, behaviour, immune response and clinical evaluation of the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate and rectal temperature after surgery.ResultsGroups S and SL showed increased values of intraoperative HR, mean arterial pressure and postoperative cortisol concentration. In group SFL, cortisol values were similar to those of group C. No other difference could be detected.ConclusionsThe combination of intravenous flunixin and intrafunicular lidocaine reduced the pain and discomfort of lambs castrated under general anaesthesia. Intrafunicular lidocaine alone did not prevent pain or discomfort associated with castration.Trial registration number30/2012/CEISA/COM.
The value of red light at night for increasing basil yield
Authors: Patel Jaimin S. , Radetsky Leora , Rea Mark S. 
Published: July 2018

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is primarily used for culinary purposes, but it is also used in the fragrance and medicinal industries. In the last few years, global sweet basil production has been significantly impacted by downy mildew caused by Peronospora belbahrii Thines. Nighttime exposure to red light has been shown to inhibit sporulation of P. belbahrii. The objective of this study was to determine if nighttime exposure to red light from light-emitting diodes (λmax = 625 nm) could increase plant growth (plant height and leaf size) and yield (number and weight of leaves) in basil plants. In two sets of greenhouse experiments, red light was applied at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 60 μmol m−2 s−1 during the otherwise dark night for 10 h (from 2000 to 0600). The results demonstrate that exposure to red light at night can increase the number of basil leaves per plant, plant height, leaf size (length and width), and leaf fresh and dry weight compared with plants in darkness at night. The addition of incremental red light at night has the potential to be cost-effective for fresh organic basil production in controlled environments.
The SOFIA Focal Plane Imager: A Highly Sensitive and Fast Photometer for the Wavelength Range 0.4 to 1 Micron
Authors: Pfüller Enrico , Wolf Jürgen , Wiedemann Manuel 
Published: July 2018

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is a heavily modified Boeing 747SP aircraft, accommodating a 2.7[Formula: see text]m infrared telescope. This airborne observation platform operates at flight altitudes of up to 13.7[Formula: see text]km (45,000[Formula: see text]ft) and therefore allows a nearly unobstructed view of the visible and infrared universe at wavelengths between 0.4[Formula: see text]μm and 1600[Formula: see text]μm. The Focal Plane Imager (FPI+) is SOFIA’s main tracking camera. It uses a commercial, off-the-shelf camera with a thermoelectrically cooled EMCCD. The back-illuminated sensor has a peak quantum efficiency greater than 95% at 550[Formula: see text]nm and the dark current is as low as 0.001 e-/pix/sec. Since 2015, the FPI[Formula: see text] has been available to the community as a Facility Science Instrument (FSI), and can be used as a high speed photometer for events in the visual wavelength range. This paper presents a detailed overview of the design and optical configuration of the FPI+. Different settings and specifications of the camera are explained and the focal plane sensor is described. The camera’s performance in regards to sensitivity and frame rate is shown. The operation of the instrument is described as well as the support for guest observers throughout the process from proposing to data analysis. To date, SOFIA has conducted multiple FPI+ observations of stellar occultations, e.g. occultations by Pluto in 2011 and 2015, the occultation by 2014MU69 in July 2017 and the occultation by Triton in October 2017. Additionally, multiple observations of exo-planet transits have been observed with the FPI+. Throughout these observations, the FPI+ has proven to be an excellent photometer for astronomical events that have challenging requirements for sensitivity and temporal resolution.
A Survey on Malicious Domains Detection through DNS Data Analysis
Authors: Zhauniarovich Yury , Khalil Issa , Yu Ting , Dacier Marc 
Published: July 2018

Malicious domains are one of the major resources required for adversaries to run attacks over the Internet. Due to the important role of the Domain Name System (DNS), extensive research has been conducted to identify malicious domains based on their unique behavior reflected in different phases of the life cycle of DNS queries and responses. Existing approaches differ significantly in terms of intuitions, data analysis methods as well as evaluation methodologies. This warrants a thorough systematization of the approaches and a careful review of the advantages and limitations of every group.
In this article, we perform such an analysis. To achieve this goal, we present the necessary background knowledge on DNS and malicious activities leveraging DNS. We describe a general framework of malicious domain detection techniques using DNS data. Applying this framework, we categorize existing approaches using several orthogonal viewpoints, namely (1) sources of DNS data and their enrichment, (2) data analysis methods, and (3) evaluation strategies and metrics. In each aspect, we discuss the important challenges that the research community should address in order to fully realize the power of DNS data analysis to fight against attacks leveraging malicious domains.