bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast, Efficient, and Targeted Liposome Delivery Mediated by DNA Hybridization
Authors: Li Hongyan , Liu Qing , Crielaard Bart J. , de Vries Jan W. , Loznik Mark , Meng Zhuojun , Yang Xintong , Göstl Robert , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSafety and efficacy, two significant parameters in drug administration, can be improved by site‐specific delivery approaches. Here a fast, efficient, and targeted liposome delivery system steered by a DNA hybridization recognition mechanism is presented. For this purpose, lipid‐terminated DNA is inserted in both liposome and cell membranes by simple mixing of the components. Cellular accumulation of cargo encapsulated in the liposomal core is substantially enhanced when the DNA sequence on the cell is complementary to that on the liposome. Additionally, in mixed cell populations, liposomes discriminate targets by their complementary DNA sequences. Exposure of cells to low temperature and endocytosis inhibitors suggests a caveolae‐dependent endocytosis uptake pathway. Mechanistically, hybridization between DNA strands spatially traps liposomes and cell membranes in close proximity, consequently increases the local liposome concentration, and thereby enhances cellular uptake of liposomes and their payload. This programmable delivery system might contribute to new applications in molecular biology and drug delivery.
Using Wool Keratin as a Basic Resist Material to Fabricate Precise Protein Patterns
Authors: Zhu Shuihong , Zeng Wenbin , Meng Zhaohui , Luo Wenhao , Ma Liyun , Li Yanran , Lin Changxu , Huang Qiaoling , Lin Youhui , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ability to pattern natural polymers at different scales is extremely important for many research areas, such as cell culture, regenerative medicine, bioelectronics, tissue engineering, degradable implants, and photonics. For the first time, the use of wool keratin (WK) as a structural biomaterial for fabricating precise protein microarchitectures is presented. Through straightforward biochemical processes, modified WK proteins become intrinsically photoreactive without significant changes in protein structure or function. Under light irradiation, intermolecular chemical crosslinking between WK molecules can be successfully initiated by using commercially available photoinitiators. As a result, high‐performance WK patterning on the micrometer scale (µm) can be achieved through a combination of water‐based photolithography techniques. By simply mixing with nanoparticles, enzymes, and other dopants, various “functional WK resists” can be generated. In addition, without the addition of any cell‐adhesive ligands, these patterned protein microstructures are demonstrated as bio‐friendly cellular substrates for the spatial guidance of cells on their surface. Furthermore, periodic microfabricated WK structures in complex patterns that display typical iridescent behavior can be designed and formed over macroscale areas (cm).
Light‐Driven Shape Morphing, Assembly, and Motion of Nanocomposite Gel Surfers
Authors: Kim Hyunki , Kang Ji‐Hwan , Zhou Ying , Kuenstler Alexa S. , Kim Yongjin , Chen Chao , Emrick Todd , Hayward Ryan C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPatterning of nanoparticles (NPs) via photochemical reduction within thermally responsive hydrogel films is demonstrated as a versatile platform for programming light‐driven shape morphing and materials assembly. Responsive hydrogel disks, containing patterned metal NPs, form characteristic wrinkled structures when illuminated at an air/water interface. The resulting distortion of the three‐phase (air/water/hydrogel) contact lines induces capillary interactions between two or more disks, which are either attractive or repulsive depending on the selected pattern of light. By programming the shapes of the NP‐rich regions, as well as of the hydrogel objects themselves, the number and location of attractive interactions are specified, and the assembly geometry is controlled. Remarkably, appropriately patterned illumination enables sustained rotation and motion of the hydrogel disks. Overall, these results offer insight into a wide variety of shape‐programmable materials and capillary assemblies, simply by controlling the NP patterns and illumination of these soft materials.
Nitrogen‐Doped MoS2 Foam for Fast Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Tao Peng , He Junjie , Shen Tong , Hao Yu , Yan Jingkai , Huang Zijie , Xu Xueer , Li Meng , Chen Yu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel 3D porous foam consisting of interlinking N‐doped MoS2 nanosheets is synthesized through a templating‐drying‐carbonization process, where melamine‐formaldehyde is used as both template and nitrogen source. Benefit from the N‐containing MoS2, 3D porous structure, and residual N‐doped carbon, N‐doped MoS2 foam (NMF) exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance especially in term of rate capability for sodium storage compared with their pristine counterpart. Specifically, NMF shows outstanding rate capability with high reversible capacities reaching up to 407 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles under a current density of 1 A g−1, whereas the charge capacity of pristine MoS2 quickly decays to 60 mAh g−1 after 35 cycles at the same current density. In addition, the important role of pseudocapacitive behavior in the high rate sodium storage performances of NMF is investigated by kinetics calculation. The band structure and partial density of states of NMF are calculated in order to further explore the change of electronic structure induced by N atom doping in MoS2 and its correlation with high rate performance. Furthermore, a Na+ full‐cell with NMF anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode is assembled and successfully powered a 2 V light‐emitting diode lamp.
Laser Transfer, Printing, and Assembly Techniques for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Bian Jing , Zhou Laoboyang , Wan Xiaodong , Zhu Chen , Yang Biao , Huang YongAn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is challenging to manufacture large‐area, ultrathin, flexible/stretchable electronics on an industrial scale. Recent ground‐breaking advances in the manufacture of flexible electronics are based on powerful laser processes. Laser irradiation at an internally absorbing interface through a transparent substrate will bring various physical changes and chemical reactions at the interface, accompanied by distinct phenomena. Numerous techniques derived from these phenomena with the unique ability to fabricate materials, structures, and devices on flexible substrates with the advantages of noncontacting processing, high efficiency, adjustable coverage from micro‐ to macroscale, and compatibility with organic and inorganic materials have been developed. The latest impressive progress in these laser‐based techniques for the production of flexible electronics is reviewed, and the key developments in laser lift‐off, laser‐assisted printing, and laser‐assisted transfer printing techniques are highlighted. The fundamental principles of these techniques are discussed along with their basic mechanisms, followed by an exploration of the latest progress and future prospects in the field. The unique features of these techniques and state‐of‐the‐art applications related to flexible electronics are also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of these techniques are explored, from the essential mechanics, engineering efforts, and novel approaches, to comprehensive combinations with innovative fabrication concepts and device structures.
Sequential horizontal gene transfers from different hosts in a widespread Eurasian parasitic plant, Cynomorium coccineum
Authors: Cusimano Natalie , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: May 2019

PremiseParasitic plants with large geographic ranges, and different hosts in parts of their range, may acquire horizontally transferred genes (HGTs), which might sometimes leave a footprint of gradual host and range expansion. Cynomorium coccineum, the only member of the Saxifragales family Cynomoriaceae, is a root holoparasite that occurs in water‐stressed habitats from western China to the Canary Islands. It parasitizes at least 10 angiosperm families from different orders, some of them only in parts of its range. This parasite therefore offers an opportunity to trace HGTs as long as parasite–host pairs can be obtained and sequenced.MethodsBy sequencing mitochondrial, plastid, and nuclear loci from parasite–host pairs from throughout the parasite's range and with prior information from completely assembled mitochondrial and plastid genomes, we detected 10 HGTs of five mitochondrial genes.ResultsThe 10 HGTs appear to have occurred sequentially as C. coccineum expanded from East to West. Molecular‐clock models yield Cynomorium stem ages between 66 and 156 Myr, with relaxed clocks converging on 66–67 Myr. Chinese Sapindales, probably Nitraria, were the first source of transferred genes, followed by Iranian and Mediterranean Caryophyllales. The most recently acquired gene appears to come from a Tamarix host in the Iberian Peninsula.ConclusionsData on HGTs that have accumulated over the past 15 years, along with this discovery of multiple HGTs within a single widespread species, underline the need for more whole‐genome data from parasite–host pairs to investigate whether and how transferred copies coexist with, or replace, native functional genes.
Synthese enantiomerenangereicherter, vicinaler tertiärer und quartärer Kohlenstoff‐Stereozentren innerhalb einer acyclischen Kette
Authors: Pierrot David , Marek Ilan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractÜber die schwierige Generierung quartärer Kohlenstoff‐Stereozentren hinausgehend, führt die diastereo‐ und enantioselektive Herstellung acyclischer Kohlenstoffgerüste mit vicinalen quartären und tertiären Stereozentren zu verzerrten Geometrien und stellt innerhalb der organischen Synthese eine anspruchsvolle, aktuelle Aufgabe dar. Im vorliegenden Kurzaufsatz werden mehrere Ansätze diskutiert, welche die zugrundeliegenden Herausforderungen als Folge der begrenzten Anzahl an Herangehensweisen illustrieren.
Wasser: Wie beeinflusst es die CaCO3‐Bildung?
Authors: Du Huachuan , Amstad Esther 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn der Natur werden biomineralbasierte Materialien mit faszinierenden Eigenschaften produziert, wobei nur eine begrenzte Anzahl von Elementen genutzt wird. Diese Eigenschaften ergeben sich durch eine enge Kontrolle von Struktur und lokaler Zusammensetzung der Biomaterialien. Wir sind weit davon entfernt, ein gleiches Maß an Kontrolle der Eigenschaften synthetischer biomaterialbasierter Verbundstoffe zu erreichen. Ein wesentlicher Grund für diese schlechte Kontrolle ist unser unvollständiges Wissen über den Einfluss der Synthesebedingungen und Additive auf die Struktur und Zusammensetzung der sich bildenden Biomaterialien. Mit diesem Aufsatz geben wir einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand des Wissens über den Einfluss von Synthesebedingungen und Additiven während der verschiedenen Bildungsstadien von CaCO3, einem der häufigsten Biomineralien. Wir korrelieren diesen Einfluss mit Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften der resultierenden CaCO3‐Kristalle und diskutieren derzeit bekannte Mittel zum Abstimmen dieser Parameter. Der Fokus des Aufsatzes liegt auf der Rolle von Wasser bei der Vermittlung der CaCO3‐Bildung.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers within an Acyclic Chain
Authors: Pierrot David , Marek Ilan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOvercoming the inherent difficulty to prepare quaternary carbon stereogenic centers, the diastereo‐ and enantioselective preparation of acyclic carbon backbones possessing vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers (i.e. in a 1,2‐relationship) causes distorted geometries and represents a very acute problem in organic synthesis. Several approaches are discussed in this minireview underlining the challenges illustrated by the rather limited number of approaches available to practitioners.
Enhancement in permeability of piperazine‐based thin‐film composite membrane via surface roughening using a highly organic‐soluble additive
Authors: Chae Hee‐Ro , Kim In‐Chul 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe water permeability of a piperazine‐based thin‐film composite membrane was enhanced via roughening its smooth surface by adding a highly organic‐soluble additive to a piperazine‐aqueous solution. The additive could rapidly diffuse into organic solvent drawing piperazine during interfacial polymerization, and consequent, rapid diffusion of piperazine led to an increase in the size and number of ridges on the surface of the prepared membrane. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was the most effective among the tested additives, and PEG with lower molecular weight exhibited a better effect. Mw 2000 PEG scarcely affected the surface roughness, whereas Mw 200 PEG raised the surface roughness by seven times. As a result, the membranes prepared with Mw 2000 PEG and Mw 200 PEG exhibited 9 and 41% enhanced water permeability compared to the control membrane, respectively, despite their similar hydrophilicity. This difference could be attributed to their different surface roughness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47913.
Design, synthesis, and docking study of new quinoline derivatives as antitumor agents
Authors: Nasr Eman E. , Mostafa Amany S. , El‐Sayed Magda A. A. , Massoud Mohammed A. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNew quinolines substituted with various heterocycles and chalcone moieties were synthesized and evaluated as antitumor agents. All the synthesized compounds were in vitro screened against 60 human cancer cell lines. Compound 13 showed the highest cytotoxicity toward 58 cell lines, exhibiting distinct growth inhibition values (GI50) against the majority of them, including SR, HL‐60 (TB) strains (leukemia), and MDA‐MB‐435 strains (melanoma), with GI50 values of 0.232, 0.260, and 0.300 µM, respectively. It exhibited great selectivity toward cancer cell lines, with less toxic effect against normal cells represented by skin fibroblast (BJ) and breast epithelial cell lines (MCF‐10F). The enzyme inhibitory activity of compound 13 was evaluated against topoisomerase 1 (Topo 1), epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, where it displayed worthy Topo 1 inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 0.278 µM compared with camptothecin as a reference drug (IC50 0.224 µM). Docking studies were performed to investigate the recognition profile of compound 13 with the Topo 1 enzyme binding site.
Effects of Allopurinol Dose Escalation on Bone Erosion and Urate Volume in Gout: A Dual‐Energy Computed Tomography Imaging Study Within a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Dalbeth Nicola , Billington Karen , Doyle Anthony , Frampton Christopher , Tan Paul , Aati Opetaia , Allan Jordyn , Drake Jill , Horne Anne , Stamp Lisa K. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo examine whether allopurinol dose escalation to achieve serum urate (SU) target can influence bone erosion or monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition, as measured by dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) in patients with gout.MethodsWe conducted an imaging study of a 2‐year randomized clinical trial that compared immediate allopurinol dose escalation to SU target with conventional dosing for 1 year followed by dose escalation to target, in gout patients who were receiving allopurinol and who had an SU level of ≥0.36 mmoles/liter. DECT scans of feet and radiographs of hands and feet were obtained at baseline, year 1, and year 2 visits. DECT scans were scored for bone erosion and urate volume.ResultsPaired imaging data were available for 87 patients (42 in the dose‐escalation group and 45 in the control group). At year 2, the progression in the CT erosion score was higher in the control group than in the dose‐escalation group (+7.8% versus +1.4%; P = 0.015). Changes in plain radiography erosion or narrowing scores did not differ between groups. Reductions in DECT urate volume were observed in both groups. At year 2, patients in the control group who had an SU level of <0.36 mmoles/liter and patients in the dose‐escalation group had reduced DECT urate volume (−27.6 to −28.3%), whereas reduction in DECT urate volume was not observed in control group patients with an SU level of ≥0.36 mmoles/liter (+1.5%) (P = 0.023).ConclusionThese findings provide evidence that long‐term urate‐lowering therapy using a treat‐to‐SU‐target strategy can influence structural damage and reduce urate crystal deposition in gout.
Water‐soluble AIE‐Active Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles: Design, Preparation and Application for Specific Detection of Cysteine over Homocysteine and Glutathione in Living Cells
Authors: Ning Zhang‐wei , Wu Song‐ze , Liu Guang‐jian , Ji Yan‐ming , Jia Li‐yan , Niu Xiao‐xiao , Ma Rong‐fang , Zhang Yuan , Xing Guo‐wen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWater‐soluble ratiometric AIE‐active fluorescent organic nanoparticles 2OA‐FON for the specific sensing of cysteine over other biothiols are reported. The obtained amphiphilic probe included olefin aldehyde as recognizing unit, tetraphenylethylene as fluorescence reporter and lactose moiety as a hydrophilic group. This work provides a general design strategy based on the introduction of a sugar moiety into a hydrophobic AIEgen to develop ratiometric water‐soluble fluorescent organic nanoparticles.
Impact of protein fouling on nanoparticle capture within the Viresolve® Pro and Viresolve® NFP virus removal membranes
Authors: Fallahianbijan Fatemeh , Giglia Sal , Carbrello Christina , Bell David , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVirus filtration is a robust size‐based technique that can provide the high level of viral clearance required for the production of mammalian‐derived biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies. Several studies have shown that the retention characteristics of some, but not all, virus filters can be significantly affected by membrane fouling, but there have been no direct measurements of how protein fouling might alter the location of virus capture within these membranes. The objective of this study was to directly examine the effect of protein fouling by human immunoglobulin G (IgG) on virus capture within the Viresolve® Pro and Viresolve® NFP membranes by scanning electron microscopy using different size gold nanoparticles. IgG fouling shifted the capture location of 20 nm gold nanoparticles further upstream within the Viresolve® Pro filter due to the constriction and/or blockage of the pores in the virus retentive region of the filter. In contrast, IgG fouling had no measurable effect on the capture of 20 nm nanoparticles in the Viresolve® NFP membrane, and IgG fouling had no effect on the capture of larger 40 and 100 nm nanoparticles in either membrane. These results provide important insights into how protein fouling alters the virus retention characteristics of different virus filters.
A combined screening and in silico strategy for the rapid design of integrated downstream processes for process and product‐related impurity removal
Authors: Vecchiarello Nicholas , Timmick Steven M. , Goodwine Chaz , Crowell Laura E. , Love Kerry R. , Love J. Christopher , Cramer Steven M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntegrated designs of chromatographic processes for purification of biopharmaceuticals provides potential gains in operational efficiency and reductions of costs and material requirements. We describe a combined method using screening and in silico algorithms for ranking chromatographic steps to rapidly design orthogonally selective integrated processes for purifying protein therapeutics from both process‐ and product‐related impurities. IFN‐α2b produced in Pichia pastoris containing a significant product variant challenge was used as a case study. The product and product‐related variants were screened on a set of 14 multimodal, ion exchange, and hydrophobic charge induction chromatography resins under various pH and salt linear gradient conditions. Data generated from reversed‐phase chromatography of the fractions collected were used to generate a retention database for IFN‐α2b and its variants. These data, in combination with a previously constructed process‐related impurity database for P. pastoris, were input into an in silico process development tool that generated and ranked all possible integrated chromatographic sequences for their ability to remove both process and product‐related impurities. Top‐ranking outputs guided the experimental refinement of two successful three step purification processes, one comprising all bind‐elute steps and the other having two bind‐elute steps and a flowthrough operation. This approach suggests a new platform‐like approach for rapidly designing purification processes for a range of proteins where separations of both process‐ and product‐related impurities are needed.
Photometric Analysis of Propolis from the Island of Samothraki, Greece. The Discovery of Red Propolis
Authors: Papachristoforou Alexandros , Koutouvela Evgenia , Menexes George , Gardikis Konstantinos , Mourtzinos Ioannis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPropolis presents notable and variable antioxidant activity depending on the territory and the local flora. As a result, propolis collected from areas presenting botanical diversity can become an intriguing research field. In the present study, we examined propolis from different areas of Samothraki, a small Greek island in the north‐eastern Aegean Sea, considered a hot‐spot of plant biodiversity. The analysis of propolis samples presented huge variability in the antioxidant activity, the total polyphenol content and the total flavonoids content. Propolis from two areas presented high antioxidant activity with a maximum at 1741.48 μmol of Trolox equivalents per gram of dry propolis weight, very high polyphenol content, 378.73 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry propolis weight, and high flavonoid content with a maximum concentration of 70.31 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of dry propolis weight. The samples that presented the best qualitative characteristics were all red propolis which is a type that has never been reported in any part of Europe.
DNA‐Nanoscaffold‐Assisted Selection of Femtomolar Bivalent Human α‐Thrombin Aptamers with Potent Anticoagulant Activity
Authors: Zhou Yu , Qi Xiaodong , Liu Yan , Zhang Fei , Yan Hao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultivalent aptamers that interact with their target proteins through multiple sites exhibit much stronger binding strengths than their monovalent counterparts. In this work, we have designed a single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) library (1015 molecules, each 145 nt) based on a predefined DNA nanostructure designed to present two random‐loop sites for bivalent aptamer evolution. From this library, a group of ultra‐strong bivalent aptamers against human α‐thrombin (with apparent KD values of ≈340 fm) were easily identified through a simple seven‐round conventional systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) procedure. The dominant bivalent aptamers consist of two components, one binding to exosite I and the other to exosite II. The best of these bivalent aptamers show strong allosteric attenuation of the thrombin cleavage activity and also display an extremely potent anticoagulation effect in human plasma, demonstrating their great potential in therapeutic applications. The method developed here can easily be adapted to conventional SELEX techniques, opening a new route for fast selection of multivalent aptamers with superior binding affinity for other targets.