bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐Principles Study of Electrocatalytically Reversible CO2 Capture on Graphene‐like C3N
Authors: Qin Gangqiang , Cui Qianyi , Wang Weihua , Li Ping , Du Aijun , Sun Qiao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDeveloping advanced materials and new technologies for efficient CO2 capture and gas separation can enormously alleviate its impact on global climate change. In this study, we report a comprehensive density functional theory investigation of N2, CH4, H2, and CO2 adsorption on a graphene‐like C3N monolayer. Our calculation results show that the four gas molecules are all physisorbed on the neutral C3N monolayer. However, the interaction between CO2 and C3N can be significantly boosted via the strategies of electrochemical methods such as introducing negative charge or applying external electric field to the system. While the adsorption of N2, CH4 and H2 on C3N monolayer is slightly influenced with the above strategies. Moreover, CO2 will release spontaneously from C3N monolayer once the extra charge or electric field is removed from the system. These results demonstrate that the CO2 capture, regeneration and separation on C3N monolayer can be controllable with the method of switching on/off the charge state or electric field during the adsorption. In addition, as a new synthesized 2D material (PNAS, 2016, 113, 7414–7419), C3N possesses an extremely narrow band gap of 0.39 eV, which guarantees applying negative charge or electric field to it can be easily realized in experiment by electrochemical methods.
Analysis of Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis: De Novo Translation, Steady‐State Levels, and Assembled OXPHOS Complexes
Authors: Hilander Taru , Konovalova Svetlana , Terzioglu Mügen , Tyynismaa Henna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMitochondria are multifunctional organelles with their own genome and protein synthesis machinery. The 13 proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system producing the majority of cellular ATP. Yet most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes, and imported into mitochondria. Therefore, disturbances in cytosolic proteostasis have consequences on the gene expression and synthesis of mtDNA‐encoded proteins and overall on mitochondrial function. Internal and environmental factors such as mutations, aging, oxidative stress, and toxic agents can affect the translation and the stability of mitochondrial proteins and lead to OXPHOS dysfunction. Here, methods for analysis of mitochondrial translation rate and protein stability using radioactive and non‐radioactive technique as well as the methods for studying steady‐state levels and assembly of OXPHOS complexes are described. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Confined Redox Reactions of Iodide in Carbon Nanopores for Fast and Energy‐Efficient Desalination of Brackish Water and Seawater
Authors: Lee Juhan , Srimuk Pattarachai , Carpier Sidonie , Choi Jaehoon , Zornitta Rafael Linzmeyer , Kim Choonsoo , Aslan Mesut , Presser Volker 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFaradaic deionization is a promising new seawater desalination technology with low energy consumption. One drawback is the low water production rate as a result of the limited kinetics of the ion intercalation and insertion processes. We introduce the redox activities of iodide confined in carbon nanopores for electrochemical desalination. A fast desalination process was enabled by diffusionless redox kinetics governed by thin‐layer electrochemistry. A cell was designed with an activated carbon cloth electrode in NaI aqueous solution, which was separated from the feedwater channel by a cation‐exchange membrane. Coupled with an activated carbon counter electrode and an anion‐exchange membrane, the half‐cell in NaI with a cation‐exchange membrane maintained performance even at a high current of 2.5 A g−1 (21 mA cm−2). The redox activities of iodide allowed a high desalination capacity of 69 mg g−1 (normalized by the mass of the working electrode) with stable performance over 120 cycles. Additionally, we provide a new analytical method for unique performance evaluation under single‐pass flow conditions regarding the water production rate and energy consumption. Our cell concept provides flexible performance for low and high salinity and, thus, enables the desalination of brackish water or seawater. Particularly, we found a low energy consumption (1.63 Wh L−1) for seawater desalination and a high water production rate (25 L m−2 h−1) for brackish water.
Summer assessment of zooplankton biodiversity and environmental control in urban waterbodies on the Island of Montréal
Authors: Mimouni El‐Amine , Pinel‐Alloul Bernadette , Beisner Beatrix E. , Legendre Pierre 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWaterbodies in urban environments are usually built or maintained to serve socioeconomic functions. However, they also represent ecosystems that can contribute notably to urban biodiversity. To better understand contribution to biodiversity of urban ecosystems, the variation in zooplankton community composition in 19 waterbodies across the Island of Montréal (Québec, Canada) was monitored across three summer months. Communities were dissimilar between and within waterbodies with species richness differences and replacement patterns playing equal parts in shaping the observed variation. Within each waterbody, notable differences were detected between months, which can affect biodiversity estimation or community composition assessment. Zooplankton species richness was especially well explained by macrophyte cover, which had a positive effect. Compositional differences were also explained by macrophyte cover and by waterbody emptying. Partitioning the beta diversity revealed that only richness difference patterns were explained by macrophyte cover, as species replacement patterns were not explained by any of the measured environmental variables.
Ultrasound‐guided adductor canal block after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Effect of adding dexamethasone to bupivacaine, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ibrahim A.S. , Aly M.G. , Farrag W.S. , Gad EL‐Rab N.A. , Said H.G. , Saad A.H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDexamethasone improves the quality and duration of peripheral nerve block when used as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic. We evaluated the effect of adding dexamethasone to bupivacaine on the duration of postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy using ultrasound‐guided adductor canal block.MethodsThe study was a randomized, double‐blinded trial. Sixty patients scheduled for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were randomly allocated into two groups to receive adductor canal block. The control group received 20 mL bupivacaine 0.5% + 2 mL normal saline, and the dexamethasone group received 20 mL bupivacaine 0.5% + 2 mL dexamethasone (8 mg). Measurements included onset and duration of sensory blockade, visual analog score, time to first analgesic requirement, analgesic consumption, satisfaction score and assessment of quadriceps strength.ResultsDuration of sensory block was significantly longer in the dexamethasone group (17.42 ± 5.24 h) than the control group (12.52 ± 1.16 h), p < 0.001. The visual analog score was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the dexamethasone group. Time to first analgesic requirement was significantly longer in the dexamethasone group (13.37 ± 3.68 h) compared with the control group (10.57 ± 0.93 h), p < 0.001. Ketorolac dose as a rescue analgesic was significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.001), whereas patients’ satisfaction score was significantly higher in the dexamethasone group (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe addition of dexamethasone to bupivacaine in adductor canal block provides prolonged postoperative analgesia and less postoperative analgesic consumption than bupivacaine alone in anterior cruciate ligament arthroscopic surgery.SignificanceAdding dexamethasone to bupivacaine in adductor canal block significantly increases the duration of sensory block, time to first analgesic requirement and patients’ satisfaction score in anterior cruciate ligament arthroscopic surgery.
Recent Progress and Future Trends of Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Sun Dan , Luo Bin , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs one of the most promising alternatives to next‐generation energy storage systems, aluminum batteries (ABs) have been attracting rapidly increasing attention over the past few years. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements of ABs based on both aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes, with a particular focus on rechargeable non‐aqueous ionic liquid‐based aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs). Progress of the current intensive investigation on the development of cathode materials and electrolytes in non‐aqueous AIBs are discussed. Then research efforts towards aqueous ABs are described to give readers a broader view of the aluminum battery family. Finally, the review summaries the key challenges underpinning ABs and provides future research perspectives on this growing field.
Incremental relaying networks with energy harvesting relay selection: Performance analysis
Authors: Bao Vo Nguyen Quoc , Van Nguyen Toan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an incremental relaying network with energy harvesting–based relay selection, where the selected relay harvesting the largest energy from the source radio‐frequency signals among available ones will be the forwarder in the next hop using time switching mechanism. Employing incremental relaying, the destination will request the assistance from the selected relay when the direct link from the source to the destination is not good enough for decoding. Three cases at the destination are considered including no combining, selection combining, and maximal ratio combining. Our main contribution is to evaluate completely the performance of the proposed scheme over Rayleigh fading channels. The exact expressions of the system outage probability are derived and then verified by Monte‐Carlo simulations. We further conduct the asymptotic analysis to evaluate the diversity gain of the proposed scheme. We also propose a linear search algorithm to attain the optimal time switching ratio. The numerical results confirm the advantage of the proposed scheme over the direct transmission for a given average transmit power. In addition, it is shown that the system performance in terms outage probability, spectral efficiency, and system throughput can be improved by appropriately designing the switching (requesting) rate and the position of relays has significant effect on the system performance if the switching rate is greater than the target data rate.
BIM processes and workflows using the example of the subway extension in Stockholm
Authors: Stelzer Magdalena , Radoncic Nedim , Iserte Llacer Pedro Luis , Tatar Ali , Holmberg Mats 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThree major technical and economic factors of the ”Yellow Line“ project of the Stockholm subway network justify the decision to apply a BIM‐oriented design: (1) Early optimization and risk minimization for cost and time and active counteraction to the loss of information throughout the entire lifecycle of the project, (2) all technical aspects are to be incorporated in the design simultaneously and from early stage onwards, (3) numerous surface and subsurface structures, including tunnels under operation and in vicinity of the new line lead to a complex geometrical layout and geotechnical influences on each of these structures are to be minimized. Commercial 3D/BIM products have proven to be developed for application in surface structure design and new methods had to be established to cope with high quality tunnel modelling, coordination and tunnelling challenges. This publication is addressing the experience and solutions made during the design: Choice of appropriate modelling tools, applied methodology for a structured design process in a multidisciplinary and manifold work environment, accounting to highly complex geologically‐geotechnical data, seamless transfer of the model data to numerical analysis tools. The advantages and disadvantages of using BIM methodology are discussed and recommendations with regard to future development are presented.
Drinking and Breathing: Solvent Coordination‐driven Plasticity of IRMOF‐9
Authors: Canossa Stefano , Pelagatti Paolo , Bacchi Alessia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe coordination chemistry of Metal‐Organic Frameworks is one key aspect when their applications and performances enhancement are pursued. This is usually investigated while cation exchanges or functionalisation reactions on open metal sites are involved. In this work we present a rare case of solvent coordination‐induced breathing behaviour of a renowned Zn‐based MOF, namely IRMOF‐9, whose structural flexibility allows its framework topology to be retained upon dramatic coordination changes on their inorganic nodes. These are observed to accept from one to three additional coordination bonds from solvent molecules, depending on the coordination power of these latter and on temperature conditions. Structural studies by Single Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction afforded precious insights on the occurring of such coordinative changes, suggesting that solvent molecules which dynamically bind the metal atoms are capable to play a decisive role in the final geometry of the framework.
A Simplified Irrigation Pump Testing Method for Developing Countries: A Case Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Yu Su , Colton Jonathan S. , Matin Md. Abdul , Krupnik Timothy J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMuch of South Asia experiences a monomodal rainfall pattern with a distinct dry season following the annual monsoon. Enabling irrigation during the dry season has therefore been crucial in assuring improved productivity and double‐cropping. This is particularly the case in southern Bangladesh, where recent government initiatives have called for an expansion of surface water irrigation to reduce pressure on groundwater tables in intensively cultivated areas in the north of the country, where dry season boro rice is grown. This paper describes a method based on first principles of fluid mechanics to characterize the performance of surface water irrigation pumps used by small‐scale farmers in South Asia and Bangladesh. This method is unique, as it incorporates an optimized protocol suitable for resource‐limited conditions found in many developing countries and provides a comprehensive yet simple‐to‐use pump selection method for surface water irrigation pump customers. Using pump impellers as a case study, the method also characterizes the effect of pump geometric variations resulting from the variable production and assembly practices found in different manufacturing workshops. This method was validated with a case study in Bangladesh supported by both full‐scale field testing and numerical simulation results. © 2018 The Authors. Irrigation and Drainage published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage
Gallstone ileus with spontaneous evacuation: A case report
Authors: Takahashi Koji , Kashimura Hiroshi , Konno Naoaki , Nakagawa Miyuki , Kawahara Yuki , Munakata Akari , Okawara Ken , Aoki Yohei , Nihei Takeshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA 65‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for abdominal pain. He had a history of enterotomy with stone extraction for gallstone ileus. On abdominal computed tomography, a stone measuring 32 × 28 mm lodged in the jejunum was identified. He was diagnosed with gallstone ileus and treated using a nasal ileus tube. Four days after admission, computed tomography showed that the stone had passed into the rectum. The gallstone was spontaneously evacuated on the same day. A fistula with the gallbladder was found in the duodenal bulb. The patient's condition improved, and he was discharged 9 days after admission.
High HIV and active tuberculosis prevalence and increased mortality risk in adults with symptoms of TB: a systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Nliwasa Marriott , MacPherson Peter , Gupta‐Wright Ankur , Mwapasa Mphatso , Horton Katherine , Odland Jon Ø , Flach Clare , Corbett Elizabeth L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionHIV and tuberculosis (TB) remain leading causes of preventable death in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends HIV testing for all individuals with TB symptoms, but implementation has been suboptimal. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analyses to estimate HIV and TB prevalence, and short‐term (two to six months) mortality, among adults with TB symptoms at community‐ and facility level.MethodsWe searched Embase, Global Health and MEDLINE databases, and reviewed conference abstracts for studies reporting simultaneous HIV and TB screening of adults in LMICs published between January 2003 and December 2017. Meta‐analyses were performed to estimate prevalence of HIV, undiagnosed TB and mortality risk at different health system levels.ResultsSixty‐two studies including 260,792 symptomatic adults were identified, mostly from Africa and Asia. Median HIV prevalence was 19.2% (IQR: 8.3% to 40.4%) at community level, 55.7% (IQR: 20.9% to 71.2%) at primary care level and 80.7% (IQR: 73.8% to 84.6%) at hospital level. Median TB prevalence was 6.9% (IQR: 3.3% to 8.4%) at community, 20.5% (IQR: 11.7% to 46.4%) at primary care and 36.4% (IQR: 22.9% to 40.9%) at hospital level. Median short‐term mortality was 22.6% (IQR: 15.6% to 27.7%) among inpatients, 3.1% (IQR: 1.2% to 4.2%) at primary care and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.45 to 4.13, n = 1 study) at community level.ConclusionsAdults with TB symptoms have extremely high prevalence of HIV infection, even when identified through community surveys. TB prevalence and mortality increased substantially at primary care and inpatient level respectively. Strategies to expand symptom‐based TB screening combined with HIV and TB testing for all symptomatic individuals should be of the highest priority for both disease programmes in LMICs with generalized HIV epidemics. Interventions to reduce short‐term mortality are urgently needed.
Mitochondrial uncoupling prodrug improves tissue sparing, cognitive outcome, and mitochondrial bioenergetics after traumatic brain injury in male mice
Authors: Hubbard W. Brad , Harwood Christopher L. , Geisler John G. , Vekaria Hemendra J. , Sullivan Patrick G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) results in cognitive impairment, which can be long‐lasting after moderate to severe TBI. Currently, there are no FDA‐approved therapeutics to treat the devastating consequences of TBI and improve recovery. This study utilizes a prodrug of 2,4‐dinitrophenol, MP201, a mitochondrial uncoupler with extended elimination time, that was administered after TBI to target mitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark of TBI. Using a model of cortical impact in male C57/BL6 mice, MP201 (80 mg/kg) was provided via oral gavage 2‐hr post‐injury and daily afterwards. At 25‐hr post‐injury, mice were euthanized and the acute rescue of mitochondrial bioenergetics was assessed demonstrating a significant improvement in both the ipsilateral cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus after treatment with MP201. Additionally, oxidative markers, 4‐hydroxyneneal and protein carbonyls, were reduced compared to vehicle animals after MP201 administration. At 2‐weeks post‐injury, mice treated with MP201 post‐injury (80 mg/kg; q.d.) displayed significantly increased cortical sparing (p = .0059; 38% lesion spared) and improved cognitive outcome (p = .0133) compared to vehicle‐treated mice. Additionally, vehicle‐treated mice had significantly lower (p = .0019) CA3 neuron count compared to sham while MP201‐treated mice were not significantly different from sham levels. These results suggest that acute mitochondrial dysfunction can be targeted to impart neuroprotection from reactive oxygen species, but chronic administration may have an added benefit in recovery. This study highlights the potential for safe, effective therapy by MP201 to alleviate negative outcomes of TBI.
Identity work in organizations and occupations: Definitions, theories, and pathways forward
Authors: Caza Brianna Barker , Vough Heather , Puranik Harshad 
Published: August 2018

SummaryUnderstanding how, why, and when individuals create particular self‐meanings has preoccupied scholars for decades, leading to an explosion of research on identity work. We conducted a wide‐ranging review of this literature with the aim of presenting an overarching framework that comprehensively summarizes and integrates the vast amount of recent research in this domain. Drawing on our analysis of the empirical literature, we present an enhanced conceptual understanding of identity work. We then summarize the four dominant theoretical approaches researchers have used to explain how, when, and why individuals engage in identity work. This side‐by‐side comparison of these theoretical perspectives allows us to parse out the unique contribution of each theoretical lens and highlights how these theories can be integrated into a holistic view of an inherently multifaceted concept. Lastly, we critically analyze the state of the field and lay a detailed roadmap for future researchers to draw from to expand our current understanding of how individuals work on their identities in occupations and organizations.
Magnetic‐covalent organic polymer solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the sensitive determination of fluorescent whitening agents in cosmetics
Authors: Xia Ling , Chen Xiaoman , Xiao Xiaohua , Li Gongke 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMagnetic solid‐phase extraction is a powerful sample preparation tool. Combined with covalent organic polymers, this technique permits an excellent extraction performance. We present a sensitive, efficient, and easy operating magnetic‐ covalent organic polymer solid‐phase extraction method. By using the magnetic covalent organic polymer nanoparticles yielded by a one‐pot reaction, five fluorescent whitening agents were successfully preconcentrated and separated. The saturated extraction amounts of the magnetic covalent organic polymer nanoparticles for the five fluorescent whitening agents were in the range of 97–155 nmol/mg. Coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography, the limit of detection of the fluorescent whitening agent was improved by at least an order of magnitude compared to current literature records. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of these five fluorescent whitening agents were up to 0.5–100 ng/L, the limit of detection was as low as 0.1 ng/L, and the recoveries were in the range of 78.2–105% with relative standard deviations lower than 5.5%. Meanwhile, a trace level of 7‐diethylamino‐4‐methylcoumarin was found in a typical cosmetic sample by using this magnetic‐covalent organic polymer solid‐phase extraction method when coupling with high‐performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, this sensitive, efficient, and easy operating sample preparation method can be extended to analysis of other analytes that have a π–π conjugated structure.