bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extravasation of Microspheres in a Rat Model of Silent Brain Infarcts
Authors: van der Wijk Anne-Eva , Lachkar Nadia , de Vos Judith , Grootemaat Anita E. , van der Wel Nicole N. , Hordijk Peter L. , Bakker Erik N.T.P. , vanBavel Ed 
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—
We developed a rat model of silent brain infarcts based on microsphere infusion and investigated their impact on perfusion and tissue damage. Second, we studied the extent and mechanisms of perfusion recovery.

Methods—
At day 0, 15 µm fluorescent microspheres were injected into the right common carotid artery of F344 rats. At days 1, 7, or 28, the brain was removed, cut in 100-µm cryosections, and processed for immunofluorescent staining and analysis.

Results—
Injection of microspheres caused mild and transient damage to the treated hemisphere, with a decrease in perfused capillary volume at day 1, as compared with the untreated hemisphere. At day 1 but not at days 7 and 28, we observed IgG staining outside of the vessels, indicating vessel leakage. All microspheres were located inside the lumen of the vessels at day 1, whereas the vast majority (≈80%) of the microspheres were extravascular at day 7, and 100% at day 28. This was accompanied by restoration of perfused capillary volume.

Conclusions—
Microspheres cause mild and transient damage, and effective extravasation mechanisms exist in the brain to clear microsized emboli from the vessels.
The incremental shuttle walk test predicts mortality in non‐group 1 pulmonary hypertension: results from the ASPIRE Registry
Authors: Billings Catherine G. , Lewis Robert , Hurdman Judith A. , Condliffe Robin , Elliot Charlie A. , Thompson A.A. Roger , Smith Ian A. , Austin Matthew , Armstrong Iain J. , Hamilton Neil , Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Sabroe Ian , Swift Andrew J. , Rothman Alexander M. , Wild Jim M. , Lawrie Allan , Waterhouse Judith C. , Kiely David G. 
Published: April 2019

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is classified into five groups based on disease etiology but there is only limited information on the prognostic value of exercise testing in non‐group 1 PH. In group 1 PH, the incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) distance has been shown to correlate with pulmonary hemodynamics and predict survival without a ceiling effect. This study assessed the ISWT in non‐group 1 PH. Data were retrieved from the ASPIRE Registry (Assessing the Spectrum of Pulmonary hypertension Identified at a REferral centre) for consecutive patients diagnosed with PH. Patients were required to have been systematically assessed as group 2–5 PH and to have a baseline ISWT within three months of cardiac catheterization. Patients were stratified according to incremental shuttle walk test distance (ISWD) and ISWT distance percent predicted (ISWD%pred). A total of 479 patients with non‐group 1 PH were identified. ISWD and ISWD%pred correlated significantly with symptoms and hemodynamic severity. ISWD and ISWD%pred predicted survival with no ceiling effect. The test was prognostic in groups 2, 3, and 4. ISWD and ISWD%pred and change in ISWD and ISWD%pred at one year were all significant predictors of outcome. In patients with non‐group 1 PH the ISWT is a simple non‐invasive test that is easy to perform, is predictive of survival at baseline and follow‐up, reflects change, and can be used in the assessment of PH of any etiology.
PGxO and PGxLOD: a reconciliation of pharmacogenomic knowledge of various provenances, enabling further comparison
Authors: Monnin Pierre , Legrand Joël , Husson Graziella , Ringot Patrice , Tchechmedjiev Andon , Jonquet Clément , Napoli Amedeo , Coulet Adrien 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies how genomic variations impact variations in drug response phenotypes. Knowledge in pharmacogenomics is typically composed of units that have the form of ternary relationships gene variant – drug – adverse event. Such a relationship states that an adverse event may occur for patients having the specified gene variant and being exposed to the specified drug. State-of-the-art knowledge in PGx is mainly available in reference databases such as PharmGKB and reported in scientific biomedical literature. But, PGx knowledge can also be discovered from clinical data, such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs), and in this case, may either correspond to new knowledge or confirm state-of-the-art knowledge that lacks “clinical counterpart” or validation. For this reason, there is a need for automatic comparison of knowledge units from distinct sources.

Results
In this article, we propose an approach, based on Semantic Web technologies, to represent and compare PGx knowledge units. To this end, we developed PGxO, a simple ontology that represents PGx knowledge units and their components. Combined with PROV-O, an ontology developed by the W3C to represent provenance information, PGxO enables encoding and associating provenance information to PGx relationships. Additionally, we introduce a set of rules to reconcile PGx knowledge, i.e. to identify when two relationships, potentially expressed using different vocabularies and levels of granularity, refer to the same, or to different knowledge units. We evaluated our ontology and rules by populating PGxO with knowledge units extracted from PharmGKB (2701), the literature (65,720) and from discoveries reported in EHR analysis studies (only 10, manually extracted); and by testing their similarity. We called PGxLOD (PGx Linked Open Data) the resulting knowledge base that represents and reconciles knowledge units of those various origins.

Conclusions
The proposed ontology and reconciliation rules constitute a first step toward a more complete framework for knowledge comparison in PGx. In this direction, the experimental instantiation of PGxO, named PGxLOD, illustrates the ability and difficulties of reconciling various existing knowledge sources.
Obtaining and Modeling Variability in Travel Times From Off-Site Satellite Clinics to Hospitals and Surgery Centers for Surgeons and Proceduralists Seeing Office Patients in the Morning and Performing a To-Follow List of Cases in the Afternoon
Authors: Epstein Richard H. , Dexter Franklin , Smaka Todd J. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:
Hospitals achieve growth in surgical caseload primarily from the additive contribution of many surgeons with low caseloads. Such surgeons often see clinic patients in the morning then travel to a facility to do 1 or 2 scheduled afternoon cases. Uncertainty in travel time is a factor that might need to be considered when scheduling the cases of to-follow surgeons. However, this has not been studied. We evaluated variability in travel times within a city with high traffic density.

METHODS:
We used the Google Distance Matrix application programming interface to prospectively determine driving times incorporating current traffic conditions at 5-minute intervals between 9:00 am and 4:55 pm during the first 4 months of 2018 between 4 pairs of clinics and hospitals in the University of Miami health system. Travel time distributions were modeled using lognormal and Burr distributions and compared using the absolute and signed differences for the median and the 0.9 quantile. Differences were evaluated using 2-sided, 1-group t tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. We considered 5-minute signed differences between the distributions as managerially relevant.

RESULTS:
For the 80 studied combinations of origin-to-destination pairs (N = 4), day of week (N = 5), and the hour of departure between 10:00 am and 1:55 pm (N = 4), the maximum difference between the median and 0.9 quantile travel time was 8.1 minutes. This contrasts with the previously published corresponding difference between the median and the 0.9 quantile of 74 minutes for case duration. Travel times were well fit by Burr and lognormal distributions (all 160 differences of medians and of 0.9 quantiles <5 minutes; P < .001). For each of the 4 origin-destination pairs, travel times at 12:00 pm were a reasonable approximation to travel times between the hours of 10:00 am and 1:55 pm during all weekdays.

CONCLUSIONS:
During mid-day, when surgeons likely would travel between a clinic and an operating room facility, travel time variability is small compared to case duration prediction variability. Thus, afternoon operating room scheduling should not be restricted because of concern related to unpredictable travel times by surgeons. Providing operating room managers and surgeons with estimated travel times sufficient to allow for a timely arrival on 90% of days may facilitate the scheduling of additional afternoon cases especially at ambulatory facilities with substantial underutilized time.
Anatomical landmarks of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Authors: Malyuga Viktor Y. , Kuprin Aleksandr A. 
Published: April 2019

Background. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates a cricothyroid muscle, which provides tension in vocal cords and formation of high-frequency sounds. When the nerve is damaged during surgery, patients may notice hoarseness, inability to utter high pitched sounds, “rapid fatigue” of the voice, and dysphagia. According to literature, paresis of an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve reaches up to 58% after thyroid surgery.
Aim: to identify permanent landmarks and topographic variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
Materials and methods. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identified two permanent landmarks that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and we made metrical calculations relative to them: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
Results. The piercing point of the nerve is always located at the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle without protruding beyond the oblique line of thyroid cartilage superiorly and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle anteriorly. The nerve had the parallel direction in 92.8% of cases (angel less than 30 degrees) relative to the oblique line and in 85.7% cases it was in close proximity to this line (at distance up to 4 mm).
The proposed topographic classification of the location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is based on localization of the piercing point of the nerve relative to the length of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage and the risk of nerve damage. In 14.2% of cases, the piercing point was in the front third of the line (type I), and in 50% it was in the middle third of this line (type II). These variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was in close proximity to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, which could have lead to its damage during surgery. In type III and IV (35.8%) – the piercing point in the muscle was located as far as possible from the upper pole of the thyroid gland and the greater part of the nerve was covered with the fibers of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
Conclusion. We identified the main orienteers for the search and proposed anatomical classification of the location of the external branch on the superior laryngeal nerve.
Conical geodesic bicombings on subsets of normed vector spaces
Authors: Basso Giuliano , Miesch Benjamin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We establish existence and uniqueness results for conical geodesic bicombings on subsets of normed vector spaces. Concerning existence, we give a first example of a convex geodesic bicombing that is not consistent. Furthermore, we show that under a mild geometric assumption on the norm a conical geodesic bicombing on an open subset of a normed vector space locally consists of linear geodesics. As an application, we obtain by the use of a Cartan–Hadamard type result that if a closed convex subset of a Banach space has non-empty interior, then it admits a unique consistent conical geodesic bicombing, namely the one given by the linear segments.
Geometries arising from trilinear forms on low-dimensional vector spaces
Authors: Cardinali Ilaria , Giuzzi Luca 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Let 𝓖
k
(V) be the k-Grassmannian of a vector space V with dim V = n. Given a hyperplane H of 𝓖
k
(V), we define in [3] a point-line subgeometry of PG(V) called the geometry of poles of
H. In the present paper, exploiting the classification of alternating trilinear forms in low dimension, we characterize the possible geometries of poles arising for k = 3 and n ≤ 7 and propose some new constructions. We also extend a result of [6] regarding the existence of line spreads of PG(5, 𝕂) arising from hyperplanes of 𝓖3(V).
Variance estimates and almost Euclidean structure
Authors: Paouris Grigoris , Valettas Petros 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We introduce and initiate the study of new parameters associated with any norm and any log-concave measure on ℝ
n
, which provide sharp distributional inequalities. In the Gaussian context this investigation sheds light to the importance of the statistical measures of dispersion of the norm in connection with the local structure of the ambient space. As a byproduct of our study, we provide a short proof of Dvoretzky’s theorem which not only supports the aforementioned significance but also complements the classical probabilistic formulation.
What does a relative price of investment wedge reveal about the role of investment-specific technology?
Authors: Wagner Joel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In order to identify investment-specific technology (IST), most DSGE models assume a perfect inverse relationship between IST and the relative price of investment (RPI). This paper explores this relationship and provides evidence that the RPI also responds to changes in market power, which I find constitutes a third of volatility in the RPI. To corroborate this conclusion, two competing models are produced; the first is a two-sector model with a wedge separating the identification of IST with the inverse of the RPI. The RPI wedge is then estimated using Bayesian estimation techniques. A second, richer two-sector model is produced, where firms can vary markups depending on the number of competitors. This paper finds that changes in relative markups are highly correlated with the RPI wedge and help explain the sudden increase in the RPI following the Great Recession in the United States. In addition, with endogenous price markups, non-IST shocks can explain over a third of the volatility observed in the RPI, with marginal efficiency of investment contributing approximately 30 percent of the volatility in the RPI.
Morphological Changes of the Lower Ping and Chao Phraya Rivers, North and Central Thailand: Flood and Coastal Equilibrium Analyses
Authors: Chaiwongsaen Nikhom , Nimnate Parisa , Choowong Montri 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Chao Phraya River flows in the largest river basin of Thailand and represents one of the important agricultural and industrial areas in Southeast Asia. The Ping River is one major upstream branch flowing down slope southwardly, joining the Chao Phraya River in the low-lying central plain and ending its course at the Gulf of Thailand. Surprisingly, the overflow occurs frequently and rapidly at the Lower Ping River where channel slope is high, and in particular area, sand-choked is extensively observed, even in normal rainfall condition. In contrary, at the downstream part, the erosion of river bank and shoreline around the mouth of Chao Phraya River has been spatially increasing in place where there should be a massive sediment supply to form a delta. Here we use Landsat imageries taken in 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017 to analyze geomorphological changes of rivers. Results show that both rivers have undergone the rapid decreasing of water storage capacity and increasing of sand bar areas in river embayment. The total emerged sand bar area in the Lower Ping River increases from 1987 to 2017 up to 28.8 km2. The excessive trapped bed sediments deposition along the upper reaches is responsible for the shallower of river embankment leading to rapid overflow during flooding. At the Chao Phraya River mouth, a total of 18.8 km2of the coastal area has been eroded from 1987 to 2017.This is caused by the reducing of sediment supply leading to non-equilibrium in the deltaic zone of the upper Gulf of Thailand. There are several possibility implications from this study involving construction of weir, in-channel sand mining, reservoir sedimentation and coastal erosion management.
The role of eighteenth-century newspapers in the disappearance of Upper German variants in Austria
Authors: Havinga Anna D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates what role eighteenth-century newspapers played in the disappearance ofe-apocope in Austria. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of this Upper German feature in two contexts (thee-apocope in plural nouns and singular dative forms) trace diachronic variation in theWienerisches Diarium/Wiener Zeitungin order to evaluate the role that newspapers played in the selection and dissemination of language norms. The results show that this newspaper disseminated the final -ein plural forms before it was prescribed by contemporary eighteenth-century grammarians active in Austria, indicating that newspapers – among other texts written by the educated classes – contributed to the selection as well as dissemination of particular variants. The use of dative -ewas, however, less consistent, with a qualitative analysis revealing preferences by individual correspondents. This challenges current scholarly assumptions on the homogeneity of language practice within the text typenewspaper. Instead, this article argues that historical newspapers have to be seen as a compilation of texts rather than as homogeneous texts.
Nonstandard periphrastic DO and verbal -s in the south west of England
Authors: de Both Fiona 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the distribution of periphrastic DO and verbal -sin the south west of England using theFRED-s corpus. The data supports the earlier reported suggestion that the two features are in complementary distribution with regard to region: in counties where one feature is favoured, the other feature is disfavoured and speakers who use one feature tend not to use the other feature. However, there is some overlap as some speakers in theFRED-s corpususe both features, giving support to an idea, earlier proposed, of a transitory area in which a possible change takes place where speakers drop the use of DO and adopt verbal -s. Furthermore, the data shows an interesting tendency where periphrastic DO favours the habitual verbal aspect, whereas verbal -sfavours the punctual verbal aspect. These findings could indicate that the two features have a different grammatical function. However, the overall frequency with which these two features occur is very low and seems to suggest that they are disappearing. Moreover, their use seems to be limited to short originally Germanic words, suggesting that the two features only occur in contexts where they were originally used, but are not productive.
How to trick respondents into revealing implicit attitudes – talk to them
Authors: Preston Dennis R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper outlines the cognitive processing involved in cases of language regard and shifts the focus from receivers/hearers to producers/speakers. Investigation of the latter by means of established pragmatic and discourse techniques can uncover features of language use (e.g. implicature, presupposition) that just as surely reveal implicit characteristics of a speaker’s beliefs and regard for language and variety as any of the long-standing (e.g. matched guise) or more recently developed (e.g. the IAT) experimental techniques that seek to uncover implicitness in this area.
Signet ring B cell lymphoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Wu Shishou , Ding Weifang , Sui Xiaolong , Jiang Lei , Zhou Aiying , Yu Guohua 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Signet ring B cell lymphoma is an unusual non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is similar to signet ring cell carcinoma and liposarcoma in morphology which should be distinguished. We treated a 63-year-old male patient who suffered from abdominal pain for two months. Multiple enlarged lymph nodes were found in the retroperitoneum by CT scan. The needle biopsy showed neoplastic cells distributed uniformly with clear cytoplasm and the nucleus squeezed to the side mimicking the appearance of signet ring in morphology. By special staining, the neoplastic cells were positive for CD45, Vimentin, Bcl-2 and CD20 but negative for AE1/AE3, S-100, CD3, EMA, CD5, CD10, Bcl-6, MUM1 , Kappa, Lambda and PAS . Ki67 proliferation index was much more than 80%. Based on the histological characters, a diagnosis of signet ring B cell lymphoma was made. Although the patient received six courses of R-CHOP therapy, he died of tumor recurrence at the 34th month after diagnosis.
Long-living nonlinear behavior in CsPbBr3 carrier recombination dynamics
Authors: Gabelloni Fabio , Biccari Francesco , Falsini Naomi , Calisi Nicola , Caporali Stefano , Vinattieri Anna 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
By means of time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) spectroscopy, we present a detailed investigation of the carrier relaxation dynamics in a CsPbBr3 bulk sample and microcrystal ensemble at cryogenic temperature on a picosecond time scale. We provide evidence of a long temperature-dependent cooling rate for the excitons and free carriers population, with an initial cooling time constant of a few tens of picoseconds. A relaxation bottleneck in the thermalization process was found that cannot be explained by the Auger effect or hot phonon population, since we address a very low excitation regime, not commonly investigated in literature, where such processes are not effective. Adding a continuous wave optical bias to the picosecond excitation, we probed the photoinduced PL decrease of the localized states and the photoinduced PL increase of the population in the high energy states. A long recovery time from the photoinduced PL decrease was found for localized states and quite significant differences were detected, depending on the resonance/off resonance bias used in the experiment.
Denoising data acquisition algorithm for array pixelated CdZnTe nuclear detector
Authors: Luo Xiangxiang , Hu Ruiqi , Hassan Nasruddin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Traditionally, the binary search method is used to collect the denoising data in the array pixilated CdZnTe nuclear detector. Due to the high dispersion of the data itself, the acquisition efficiency is low and the acquisition result has a large error. A denoising data acquisition algorithm for array pixilated CdZnTe nuclear detector is proposed. The detector principle and system noise type are analyzed. The buffer half-full storage algorithm and multi-thread control method are used to collect the noise data of array pixilated CdZnTe nuclear detector. The experimental data show that the proposed algorithm can effectively collect the denoising data of the array pixilated CdZnTe nuclear detector, and the acquisition error rate is only 0.25, the acquisition speed growth rate is up to 96%, with high acquisition accuracy and efficiency.