bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Professional Networks and Scholarly Productivity of Early Career Physical Therapy Faculty
Authors: Becker Betsy J. , Sayles Harlan , Woehler Meredith , Rost Tony , Willett Gilbert M. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction and Review of the Literature.
Physical therapy (PT) faculty must retain a scholarly agenda. Active engagement and dissemination are challenging, especially for new faculty. Evidence suggests that faculty professional networks can improve performance and innovation. The aim of this study was to determine an effective network structure and composition for scholarly activity of early career PT faculty.

Subjects.
Early career faculty (less than 5 years of experience) with primary teaching and service/administrative duties who worked in accredited entry-level PT programs from institutions of varying Carnegie Classification levels. Data from 50 faculty were analyzed.

Methods.
Subject questionnaires gathered data for social network analysis (visualization and calculation of network structure and composition). Participants' scholarly activity was determined by curriculum vitae analyses. Multivariable ordinary least squares regression models were developed to determine associations between networks and scholarly productivity.

Results.
The results show evidence that a more open, less interconnected (ie, low density) network is associated with higher scholarly activity when controlling for the duration as a faculty member and whether the individual has an academic doctoral degree.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Key implications from this study include 1) faculty can be productive in their first 5 years regardless of their institution's Carnegie Classification, days on the job, and achievement of an academic doctoral degree; 2) an effective network for scholarly productivity is one that is open and less densely interconnected; and 3) there are practical strategies faculty and their mentors can take to make networks more effective.
From Mid 16th Century French Court to End 18th Century Danish Court: The Fatal Power of the Mammillary Process
Authors: Mudry Albert 
Published: May 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis:
Two Royal events marked the history of the mastoid process between the 16th and 18th centuries. The first was the death of François II, King of France, following a complication of a chronic running left ear at the age of 16 years, and the second the death of Justus von Berger, Court physician of Christian VII, King of Denmark, after a trepanation of the mastoid process to heal his right-sided deafness at the age of 68 years. The aim of this study is to analyze these two events again with only original references and to replace them in their historical context.

Method:
Historical review of original literature dealing with the subject.

Results/Conclusion:
These two Royal events marked the history of the mastoid process, but they were unlikely to have been avoided during their specific era. Medical knowledge was insufficient to avoid these fatal outcomes. Because of their societal impact, they were known of and largely discussed, notably in the medical world, leading to the eventual modification of medical practice during that time. François II's death had no medical impact but von Berger's death practically stopped, for more than a half century, the development of mastoid surgery.
Vestibular Deficits Correlating to Dizziness Handicap Inventory Score, Hearing Loss, and Tumor Size in a Danish Cohort of Vestibular Schwannoma Patients
Authors: Kjærsgaard Jonas Bruun , Szeremet Marcin , Hougaard Dan Dupont 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
To test the degree of vestibular end-organ dysfunction by means of contemporary vestibular testing and examine to which extend these findings correlate to the hearing loss, tumor size, and dizziness handicap registered in vestibular schwannoma patients.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Eighty-nine patients diagnosed with unilateral vestibular schwannoma.

Intervention(s):
Patients were evaluated by means of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), magnetic resonance imaging scan as well as an extensive audiovestibular test-battery including pure-tone audiometry, ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and video head impulse test of all six semicircular canals.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Patients were divided into four groups according to their number of dysfunctional vestibular end-organs. These groups were subsequently analyzed for differences in DHI score, pure-tone average, and tumor size. The group of patients with zero abnormal vestibular test results was used as index group.

Results:
For the group with three or more abnormal vestibular test results it was possible to find a statistical significant increase in both DHI score, pure-tone average, and tumor size. This was only found for the latter two parameters in the group with dysfunction of two vestibular end-organs. It was not possible to detect any statistical significant differences in the group with only one dysfunctional end-organ.

Conclusions:
Substantial loss of vestibular function is correlated to a higher degree of dizziness-induced handicap, hearing loss, and tumor size in vestibular schwannoma patients. Tumor size and audiometry may potentially be used as rough markers of residual vestibular function.
The Effect of Cochlear Implant Interval on Spoken Language Skills of Pediatric Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Wenrich Kaitlyn A. , Davidson Lisa S. , Uchanski Rosalie M. 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
To examine the effects of cochlear implant (CI) interval (time between CI surgeries) on receptive vocabulary and receptive language skills for children with bilateral CIs.

Study Design:
A prospective cross-sectional study design.

Setting:
Participants were recruited from, and tested at, oral schools for the deaf and pediatric audiology clinics across the United States.

Patients:
Eighty-eight children, 4 to 9 years of age, with bilateral CIs and known hearing histories. Twenty-three participants received CIs simultaneously and 65 received CIs sequentially. Of those implanted sequentially, 86% wore a hearing aid (HA) on the non-implanted ear during the CI interval.

Intervention:
Bilateral cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Receptive vocabulary was measured via the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Receptive language skills were measured via the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF).

Results:
Multiple linear regression models indicate better receptive vocabulary and receptive language skills are associated with earlier ages at first CI (CI 1), but not with shorter CI intervals.

Conclusions:
Early cochlear implantation (i.e., age at CI 1) is critical for better receptive vocabulary and receptive language skills. Shorter CI intervals are not associated with better receptive vocabulary and receptive language skills for these 88 children, who nearly all used bimodal hearing during the interval. Use of a HA at the non-implanted ear, before receipt of a second CI (CI 2), may mitigate the effects of early bilateral auditory deprivation.
Application of Kaizen Principles to a Large Cochlear Implant Practice: A Continuous Quality Improvement Initiative at Mayo Clinic
Authors: Sladen Douglas P. , Olund Amy P. , Schmitt Matthew , Benson Barbara , DeJong Melissa D. , Dowling Brittany P. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
To remove barriers and improve access for patients seeking cochlear implantation.

Study Design:
Prospective quality improvement study at a large tertiary academic care center.

Methods:
A Kaizen quality improvement model was applied over the course of a year. Four weeklong meetings were used to identify areas for improvement and remediation. Data were collected at baseline, 90-days, and 1-year postcompletion of the project. Outcome measures included lead times, defined as the wait time between first contact with the clinic and the first appointment, and the wait time between surgery and activation, and cycle times defined as the total test time needed to determine cochlear implant candidacy, and total time needed to complete initial activation. The total inventory kept as clinic stock was also calculated

Results:
Kaizen team members collected data for each outcome measure. After the Kaizen principles were applied, the following outcomes were observed: median lead times between first contact with the clinic to candidacy testing, candidacy testing to surgery, and surgery to activation of the implant remained stable from baseline to 1-year follow-up. Median cycle time for candidacy testing decreased from 7.3 hours at baseline to 3.0 hours at 1-year follow-up. Cycle times for initial activation of the device did not change over time. The total inventory of clinic stock was reduced by 31%.

Conclusions:
Though outcomes for lead and cycle times varied, implementation of Kaizen principles was found to be an effective method for completing this quality improvement project at a large cochlear implant program overall.
Level of Evidence: 3a
Quality of Life in Jugular Paraganglioma Following Radiosurgery
Authors: Patel Neil S. , Link Michael J. , Tombers Nicole M. , Pollock Bruce E. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
The treatment paradigm for jugular paraganglioma (JP) has changed considerably over time with the wider adoption of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no published studies that use validated patient-reported outcome measures to ascertain quality of life (QoL) outcomes following SRS for JP when used in single or combined modality treatment regimens.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Adult patients with JP treated with primary SRS or SRS following primary surgery between 1990 and 2017.

Interventions(S):
Surgery and/or Gamma Knife SRS.

Main Outcome Measures:
Global and treatment-related QoL and differences in QoL based on treatment approach.

Results:
Sixty-nine surveys were distributed and a total of 26 completed surveys were received (38% response rate). Among respondents, the median age at SRS was 53 years and 16 of the 26 patients (62%) were female. Median follow-up was 97 months. Nineteen patients (73%) were treated with primary SRS or staged SRS following intentional subtotal resection (STR; hereafter referred to as “staged SRS”), while the remainder (n = 7, 27%) were treated with SRS for recurrent JP. Median physical and mental health QoL PROMIS-10 T-scores regardless of treatment strategy were 39.8 and 38.8, respectively, while median SF36 physical and mental component subscores were similar to national averages and non-tumor controls. When comparing general physical and mental health QoL scores, there was no significant difference between patients treated with primary or staged SRS and those treated with SRS for recurrent JP. However, age-adjusted swallowing function among patients treated with primary or staged SRS was better than in those patients treated with SRS for recurrent JP (p = 0.05).

Conclusions:
Patients treated with primary or staged SRS for JP tend to exhibit better swallowing outcomes than those treated with SRS for recurrent JP. However, the majority of overall and disease-specific quality of life measures were not different between groups. Based on the low incidence of new cranial neuropathy following SRS, it is likely that initial surgical morbidity is the primary contributor to this outcome. Disease-specific overall quality of life measures, akin to those already used for other benign skull base tumors, are necessary to better gauge physical and mental health outcomes following treatment for JP. Though limited by small sample size, this represents the first study to gauge QoL outcomes following treatment for JP.
Intratympanic Steroid for Menière's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Devantier Louise , Djurhuus Bjarki Ditlev , Hougaard Dan Dupont , Händel Mina Nicole , Guldfred Frank Liviu-Adelin , Schmidt Jesper Hvass , Edemann-Callesen Henriette 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
To investigate the beneficial effects and safety of intratympanic steroid installation compared with placebo in patients with Menière's disease.

Methods:
We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE for existing systematic reviews and individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies were included if they investigated the usage intratympanic steroids in patients aged 18 and above, with definite or probable Menière's disease. The quality of the identified existing reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR tool. The risk of bias in RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and overall quality of the individual outcomes was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) method.

Results:
The literature search provided four systematic reviews, from which one yielded a sufficient AMSTAR evaluation and subsequently provided three RCTs relevant for inclusion. Due to the lack of sufficient reporting of the data, quantitative synthesis was not applicable. In the qualitative synthesis for the primary outcome, the results from the RCTs showed that there was a slight indication of steroid treatment reducing the frequency of vertiginous attacks. No serious adverse events were reported. Based on the GRADE approach the quality for both findings is very low. No studies reported on the secondary outcomes.

Conclusion:
The effect of intratympanic steroid treatment in Menière's disease is questionable. There is a great need for further research to sufficiently assess whether steroid treatment may be considered as a safe and effective treatment for patients with Menière's disease.
The Impact of Canalplasty on Outcomes of Medial Graft Tympanoplasty
Authors: Morrison Daniel R. , O’Connell Brendan , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
Both medial and lateral graft techniques are commonly employed in tympanoplasty with acceptable closure rates. Canalplasty is routinely performed to obtain adequate exposure in the lateral graft technique; this usually entails removal of the anterior canal wall skin with subsequent replacement as a free graft. While formal canalplasty can also be performed in conjunction with medial graft technique to improve exposure, it is not commonly described. The current study seeks to examine the impact of canalplasty on outcomes of medial graft tympanoplasty.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing tympanoplasty for chronic otitis media with the senior author. Audiometric data were recorded both preoperatively and postoperatively. Primary outcome measure was perforation closure with audiometric outcomes examined as secondary outcome measures.

Results:
One hundred seventy tympanoplasties without ossiculoplasty were included in our study. The overall rate of perforation closure postoperatively was 77%. Cartilage use portended a higher closure rate (100%) when compared with nonuse (75%) (p = 0.04). The success rates with lateral grafts (94%) and medial grafts with canalplasty (92%) were considerably higher than obtained with medial grafts without canalplasty (69%) (p = 0.005 and 0.02, respectively). In cases with anterior perforations greater than 25% of the tympanic membrane, our results demonstrated a significant advantage in performing canalplasty (p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Data from the current study suggest that canalplasty offers benefit regarding closure rate in medial graft tympanoplasty. Use of cartilage also portended a higher rate of perforation closure. Canalplasty should be considered when using medial graft techniques if exposure is limited due to bony canal anatomy.
EPO Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in HEI-OC1 Auditory Cell Via the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sun Changling , Yao Ying , Zhang Chenwei , Tong Desheng , Xie Bingxue 
Published: May 2019

Hypothesis:
Erythropoietin (EPO) may protect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in HEI-OC1 auditory cell line.

Background:
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of human solid tumors limited by its high incidence of ototoxicity. Currently, there are no clinical solutions. EPO has been reported to have varieties of neuroprotective effects. However, nothing has yet been reported on its potential to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity in auditory cell lines and possible mechanism.

Methods:
HEI-OC1 cells were incubated with 20 μM of cisplatin for 48 hours, after application of various concentrations of EPO for 24 hours. Cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Oxidative stress and apoptosis were assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, Hoechst 33258 staining, and flow cytometry (FC). Western blot (WB) and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD (P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl protein and mRNA expression levels.

Results:
Pretreatment with 40, 8, and 1.6 ng/mL of EPO for 24 hours before application of 20 μM cisplatin increased cell viability in HEI-OC1 cells. Besides, EPO enhanced the expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO1. Moreover, upregulation of the expression of Bcl-2 and bcl-xl were also observed.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that EPO alleviates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling.
Mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiogenic shock and acute heart failure: current evidence
Authors: Schrage Benedikt , Westermann Dirk 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
The main purpose of this review is to highlight and summarize recently published studies on the usage of short-term mechanical circulatory support devices for treatment of cardiogenic shock. Importantly, this review will focus on percutaneously implanted devices.

Recent findings
In recent years, usage of active mechanical circulatory support devices, such as catheter-based left ventricular-assist devices and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation devices, has been widely adopted. Several device-specific strategies have been proposed to improve outcome of treated patients with cardiogenic shock, ranging from early identification and treatment of patients via dedicated shock protocols to combinatory usage of these devices. However, this is not supported by prospective, randomized trials but by retrospective analysis, which are significantly impacted by bias.

Summary
Randomized, controlled trials are utterly needed to guide treatment with mechanical circulatory support for patients with cardiogenic shock. Importantly, such trials should focus patient selection criteria.
Assessment of microcirculation in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Jung Christian 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
Adequate tissue perfusion is of utmost importance to avoid organ failure in patients with cardiogenic shock. Within the recent years, the microcirculation, defined as the perfusion of the smallest vessels, has been identified to play a crucial role. Microcirculatory changes may include capillary flow disturbances as well as changes in the density of perfused vessels. Due to the availability of new technologies to assess the microcirculation, interesting new data came up and it is the purpose of this review to summarize recent studies in the field.

Recent findings
Nowadays, an increasing number of studies confirm parameters of the microcirculation, derived by intravital microscopy, to represent strong outcome predictors in cardiogenic shock. In addition, microcirculation as read-out parameter in innovative clinical studies has meanwhile been accepted as serious endpoint. Treatment strategies such as mechanical assist devices, blood pressure regulating agents or fluids use tissue perfusion and microcirculatory network density as targets in addition to clinical perfusion evaluation and decreasing serum lactate levels.

Summary
The parameter most frequently used to detect tissue malperfusion is serum lactate. Novel, noninvasive methods to quantify microvascular perfusion have the potential to guide treatment in terms of optimizing organ perfusion and oxygenation probably paving the way for an individualized therapy.
Usefulness of Full-spectrum Endoscopy for the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Yamada Hyuga , Shibata Tomoyuki , Terada Tsuyoshi , Osaki Hayato , Maeda Kohei , Tahara Tomomitsu , Nagasaka Mitsuo , Nakagawa Yoshihito , Ohmiya Naoki 
Published: May 2019

Goals:
We determined whether full-spectrum endoscopy (FUSE) improved the visualization rates of blind spots in a single-center case control study.

Background:
FUSE provides a 210-degree angle of view with a left side-viewing camera in addition to a forward-viewing camera. FUSE can improve the detectability of blind spots in conventional forward-viewing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), such as the major duodenal papilla (MDP) and the anal side of the pyloric ring.

Study:
Between April 2016 and May 2017, successful visualization rates of the whole MDP and anal side of the pyloric ring were compared between 103 participants who underwent FUSE and 1045 participants who underwent EGD. Pain and discomfort at insertion and during and after the examination were assessed using a visual analog scale in 38 participants who underwent FUSE with a previous examination history of EGD.

Results:
The successful visualization rates of MDP and the anal side of the pyloric ring in the FUSE group were significantly higher than those in the conventional EGD group; 83.4% versus 35.1% for MDP (P<0.001) and 86.4% versus 7.1% for the anal side of the pyloric ring (P<0.001), respectively. The visual analog scale were not significantly different between FUSE and previous EGD in a portion of the FUSE group. In addition, the detection rate of the periampullary diverticula was also significantly higher in the FUSE group than that in the conventional EGD group (8.7% vs. 1.6%, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
This study provides evidence supporting that FUSE is superior to EGD for precise visualization of blind spots in the duodenum.
Increasing Clinical and Economic Burden of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Hospitalized Adults in the United States
Authors: Hirode Grishma , Vittinghoff Eric , Wong Robert J. 
Published: May 2019

Goals:
The aim of this study was to understand the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among hospitalized patients in the United States.

Background:
A major driver of the rapidly increasing US clinical and economic burden of NAFLD is attributed to inpatient health care resource utilization.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study of the 2007 to 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. A total of 481,122 hospitalizations in patients with NAFLD were identified using ICD-9 codes after excluding other etiologies of chronic liver disease. We analyzed survey-weighted annual trends in national estimates of hospitalizations in patients with NAFLD, stratified by metabolic comorbidities, cirrhosis, and other liver-related complications. Annual trends in total hospitalization charges were inflation adjusted to 2014 USD.

Results:
From 2007 to 2014, hospitalizations in patients with NAFLD increased by 83.4% (42,060 to 77,143, P<0.0001), and the proportion of total hospitalizations represented by patients with NAFLD increased by 104.4% (6.34 to 13.0 per 1000 hospitalizations). During this time, there was a 159% increase in total inpatient hospitalization charges in patients with NAFLD ($7.7 billion in 2007 to $19.9 billion in 2014, P<0.001). This increasing clinical and economic burden was observed across all metabolic comorbidities and liver complications evaluated among hospitalizations in patients with NAFLD.

Conclusions:
With the rising prevalence of NAFLD in the United States, the inpatient clinical and economic burden of NAFLD is also rapidly rising. In 2014, total estimated national hospitalization charges in patients with NAFLD reached nearly $20 billion, with metabolic comorbidities and liver-related complications being major contributors to this rising burden.