bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
8 Neighborhood as Nexus: A Trans‐historical Approach to Emplaced Communities
Authors: Pacifico David 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCase studies from two distinct geographic and historical contexts are analyzed here with respect to the model of neighborhood‐as‐nexus. Sector B South, an urban neighborhood from 14th century Peru and Chicago's 20th century Bronzeville neighborhood are examined with respect to a) how they integrated neighbors and families with diverse social identities, b) the various geographical and historical processes that brought these neighbors together, and c) how each neighborhood was integrated into a wider urban and regional landscape. Sector B South and Bronzeville illustrate how wider processes alight in everyday life for urban residents. More generally, these cases provide an opportunity for exploring how a neighborhood approach can help bring clarity to the similarities and differences in the social experience of everyday life between two temporally and geographically distinct societies.
The effects of dietary reduced mineral elements and coated cysteamine supplementation on bacterial diversity in the ileum of finishing pigs
Authors: Xu Kang , Bai Miao Miao , He Wei Guo , Liu Hong Nan , Duan Ye Hui , Li Tie Jun , Yin Yu Long 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary partial MEs and coated cysteamine (CC) supplementation on gut microbiota in finishing pigs. Results showed that whittling down dietary partial MEs (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn) by 20% and 40% had little effect on the microbial diversity, community structure, and bacterial relative abundance in the ileum of finishing pigs. Supplementation with 1,600 mg/kg CC also had no obvious effect on the microbial diversity, community structure, and bacterial relative abundance in the finishing pig ileum when fed diets with a normal MEs level. However, the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae, Pasteurella, and Pasteurella_aerogenes was higher, and the abundance of Actinobacillus_minor was lower in the 20% ME reduction diet treatment than that in the 20% ME reduction with 1,600 mg/kg CC diet group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that there is no obvious effect on gut microbiota when dietary partial MEs are reduced by 20% or 40%, which indicates the feasibility of reducing dietary partial MEs by 20% or 40% in finishing pigs. Supplementation with CC changed the relative abundance of some bacteria related to opportunistic pathogenicity in the finishing pig ileum when were fed a 20% ME reduction diet.
Hereditary spherocytosis is associated with decreased pyruvate kinase activity due to impaired structural integrity of the red blood cell membrane
Authors: Andres Oliver , Loewecke Felicia , Morbach Henner , Kraus Sabrina , Einsele Hermann , Eber Stefan , Speer Christian P. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryHereditary spherocytosis (HS) is characterised by increased osmotic fragility and enhanced membrane loss of red blood cells (RBC) due to defective membrane protein complexes. In our diagnostic laboratory, we observed that pyruvate kinase (PK) activity in HS was merely slightly elevated with respect to the amount of reticulocytosis. In order to evaluate whether impaired PK activity is a feature of HS, we retrospectively analysed laboratory data sets from 172 unrelated patients with HS, hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) or PK deficiency, sickle cell or haemoglobin C disease, or β‐thalassaemia minor. Results from linear regression analysis provided proof that PK activity decreases with rising reticulocyte counts in HS (R2 = 0·15; slope = 9·09) and, less significantly, in HE (R2 = 0·021; slope = 8·92) when compared with other haemolytic disorders (R2 ≥ 0·65; slopes ≥ 78·6). Reticulocyte‐adjusted erythrocyte PK activity levels were significantly lower in HS and even declined with increasing reticulocytes (R2 = 0·48; slope = −9·74). In this report, we describe a novel association between HS and decreased PK activity that is apparently caused by loss of membrane‐bound PK due to impaired structural integrity of the RBC membrane and may aggravate severity of haemolysis in HS.
The experiences of adults with intellectual disability in the involvement of nursing care planning in health services
Authors: Doody Owen , Lyons Rosemary , Ryan Ruth 
Published: July 2019

Accessible summaryAdults with intellectual disabilities and their families receiving services have plans for their care, education and social support.This occurs through meetings and results in a “care plan” or “plan of support.”There are differences in nursing, educational and social care plans.At present, adults with intellectual disability have little involvement in nursing care planning.Involving adults with intellectual disability in nursing care planning is important, and there is a need to share and publish this involvement.AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disability should be involved in decision‐making about their care. However, little is known regarding their experience of engaging in care planning within health services. In a rapidly changing healthcare environment, the relevance and necessity of demonstrating care delivered and care outcomes is essential for all professionals and this review highlights the need for intellectual/learning disability nurses to prioritise disseminating this evidence beyond the practice environment.Materials and MethodsIntegrative literature review informed by the approach of Whittemore and Knafl (2005). CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsyArticles, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and Academic Search Complete were searched for papers published between 01 January 2005 and 01 June 2017.ResultsNo study met the inclusion criteria for nursing care planning. However, through examining the literature that made it to the full‐text review stage, two key aspects were identified: exploring the relevance and categories of plans, and disseminating evidence of practice.ConclusionThis integrative review provides evidence that the experiences of adults with intellectual disability involvement in care planning within health services are absent within the literature. While guidance exists regarding involving adults with intellectual disability in planning their care, there is confusion, ambiguity and an interchangeable use of terms that makes it difficult to distinguish between nursing care plans, person‐centred plans, individual programme plan, individualised support plan, health action plans, personalised support plans and personalised plans.
The local impact of macrofauna and land‐use intensity on soil nutrient concentration and exchangeability in lowland tropical Peru
Authors: Dahlsjö Cecilia A. L. , Stiblik Petr , Jaklová Jana , Zídek Matěj , Wicman Huaycama Juan , Lojka Bohdan , Houška Jakub 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgricultural expansion is a major driver of deforestation which has negative consequences for biodiversity and habitat stability. While sustainable farming is known to be beneficial for biodiversity and crop resilience, little is known about the impact of macrofauna and land‐use intensity on soil quality. In this study, we examine the relative effects of (a) soil macrofauna and (b) land use (primary forest, agroforestry, and annual crop) on element depletion rates, concentration, and exchangeability in standardized soil. We used microcosms with two different mesh sizes, 0.25 mm and 5 mm, to exclude and include macrofauna, respectively. The microcosms were incubated for up to a year throughout which samples were collected without replacement. Macrofauna did not have a significant impact on any of the soil parameters which is likely to be due to the low diversity of termites in the sites. Land‐use intensity significantly affected cation depletion rates whose effects increased in order of primary forest<agroforestry<annual crop. At the end of the study, soil Mg+2 concentration and Ca/Mg ratio in the agroforestry site differed from other land‐use sites. Our results suggest that both bottom‐up and top‐down interactions have major effects on soil conditions, and the results should therefore be used to advise future research and policy around land‐use management.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Use of Ages and Stages Questionnaires™ (ASQ) in a Navajo population: Comparison with the U.S. normative dataset
Authors: Nozadi Sara S. , Li Li , Clifford Jantina , Du Ruofei , Murphy Kimberly , Chen Lu ,   Navajo Birth Cohort Study Team, Seanez Paula , Burnette Courtney , MacKenzie Debra , Lewis Johnnye L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Ages and Stages Questionnaires‐Third Edition (ASQ‐3) is a parent‐completed screening to identify young children at‐risk for developmental delays in the United States and internationally. Federal programs operating on Navajo Nation use the ASQ‐3 to determine the need for early intervention services, even though the ASQ‐3 national sample used to establish cutoff scores for referral included only 1% Native American children.ObjectivesThe current study aimed to compare the ASQ‐3 results from a sample of Navajo infants to those from a representative national U.S. sample and to examine the specificity and sensitivity of the ASQ‐3 in Navajo population.MethodsThe sample included 530 Navajo infants (47.3% males) aged between 1 and 13 months who lived in remote and rural areas across the Navajo Nation. Children's development was assessed during home visits at 2‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month assessment windows.ResultsResults showed that after 6 months, Navajo children had lower mean scores and higher percentages of children at‐risk for developmental delays than those from the national sample. The sensitivities and specificities, estimated using a Bayesian diagnostic approach under both conservative and nonconservative prior range choices, suggested a comparable validity performance to that from other ASQ‐3 studies.DiscussionThe results of this study along with our ongoing comprehensive assessments at 4 years of age inform current programs working with Navajo children to improve early identification of developmental delays.
Observed Profiles of Infant Temperament: Stability, Heritability, and Associations With Parenting
Authors: Planalp Elizabeth M. , Goldsmith H. Hill 
Published: July 2019

Profiles of infant temperament were derived from 990 infants at 6 and 12 months of age using observed measures from the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires measuring parent affect and stress. Four profiles emerged at each age (typical, low negative, withdrawn/inhibited, and positive/active or low reactive) using latent profile analysis. Temperament profiles show some evidence of stability and heritability, particularly for thewithdrawn/inhibitedgroup. In addition, profiles relate to parent affect and stress in different ways for mothers and fathers. Results highlight the utility of a person‐centered approach to temperamental research and are discussed in relation to developmental patterns of infant temperament.
Field‐Aligned and Lattice‐Guided Tetrahedral Meshing
Authors: Ni Saifeng , Zhong Zichun , Huang Jin , Wang Wenping , Guo Xiaohu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a particle‐based approach to generate field‐aligned tetrahedral meshes, guided by cubic lattices, including BCC and FCC lattices. Given a volumetric domain with an input frame field and a user‐specified edge length for the cubic lattice, we optimize a set of particles to form the desired lattice pattern. A Gaussian Hole Kernel associated with each particle is constructed. Minimizing the sum of kernels of all particles encourages the particles to form a desired layout, e.g., field‐aligned BCC and FCC. The resulting set of particles can be connected to yield a high quality field‐aligned tetrahedral mesh. As demonstrated by experiments and comparisons, the field‐aligned and lattice‐guided approach can produce higher quality isotropic and anisotropic tetrahedral meshes than state‐of‐the‐art meshing methods.
Normal‐Based Bas‐Relief Modelling via Near‐Lighting Photometric Stereo
Authors: Wei M. , Song Z. , Nie Y. , Wu J. , Ji Z. , Guo Y. , Xie H. , Wang J. , Wang F. L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a near‐lighting photometric stereo (NL‐PS) system to produce digital bas‐reliefs from a physical object (set) directly. Unlike both the 2D image and 3D model‐based modelling methods that require complicated interactions and transformations, the technique using NL‐PS is easy to use with cost‐effective hardware, providing users with a trade‐off between abstract and representation when creating bas‐reliefs. Our algorithm consists of two steps: normal map acquisition and constrained 3D reconstruction. First, we introduce a lighting model, named the quasi‐point lighting model (QPLM), and provide a two‐step calibration solution in our NL‐PS system to generate a dense normal map. Second, we filter the normal map into a detail layer and a structure layer, and formulate detail‐ or structure‐preserving bas‐relief modelling as a constrained surface reconstruction problem of solving a sparse linear system. The main contribution is a WYSIWYG (i.e. what you see is what you get) way of building new solvers that produces multi‐style bas‐reliefs with their geometric structures and/or details preserved. The performance of our approach is experimentally validated via comparisons with the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Development of the Alberta facial clinical evaluation scale: A patient‐centred outcomes instrument for facial nerve paralysis
Authors: Hamour Amr F. , Mendez Adrian I. , Biron Vincent L. , Seemann Robert , Ansari Kal , Liu Richard , Seikaly Hadi , Côté David W. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesFacial nerve paralysis has functional, psychological and social consequences for patients. Traditionally, outcome measurements for facial nerve injuries have been clinician derived. Recent literature has shown that patient perspective is valuable and necessary in outcomes research. This study aimed to identify patient domains of concern and subsequently, develop a point‐of‐care questionnaire for clinical use.DesignThis mixed‐methods prospective study was completed in three phases. In Phase I, 15 facial nerve injury patients were interviewed individually. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded with NVivo software. Analysis led to a conceptual framework detailing the most important quality of life outcomes. During Phase II, a focus group was held with five new patients in order to prioritise the outcome themes to a top six list. A second focus group was held with Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck staff surgeons to create a 25‐item questionnaire based on these six themes. In Phase III, the questionnaire was administered to 10 new patients to test for comprehension.SettingUniversity of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ParticipantsA total of 30 patients with facial nerve injury were included in the various phases in the study. In addition, 5 staff Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck surgeons participated as focus group contributors.Main outcome measuresDomains of concern and quality of life outcomes as reported by facial nerve injury patients.ResultsPatients identified a total of 16 themes encompassing both functional and psychological deficits related to their facial nerve injury. From these findings, a 25‐item Likert‐type scale, the A‐FaCE scale, was developed for clinical use.ConclusionsPatients with facial nerve paralysis experience functional and psychological deficits. This study led to the creation of the first patient‐reported instrument for this population that addresses functional impairment, social function, psychological well‐being and self‐perception of appearance.
Editorial: On the importance of studying animal behaviour—Or any other kind of “blue sky” research
Authors: Goymann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe necessity to do basic research, such as the study of animal behaviour, is often questioned. “What is this good for?” people may ask. Many discoveries of basic research lead to novel and practical applications that could not have been predicted in advance. In fact, every penny spent on basic research generates a multiple of economic value in return. This is the most common answer to justify “blue sky” research. However, basic research has a much more important and fundamental value relating to liberty, equality and human rights.
Base pair editing in goat: nonsense codon introgression into FGF5 results in longer hair
Authors: Li Guanwei , Zhou Shiwei , Li Chao , Cai Bei , Yu Honghao , Ma Baohua , Huang Yu , Ding Yige , Liu Yao , Ding Qiang , He Chong , Zhou Jiankui , Wang Ying , Zhou Guangxian , Li Yan , Yan Yuan , Hua Jinlian , Petersen Bjoern , Jiang Yu , Sonstegard Tad , Huang Xingxu , Chen Yulin , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: July 2019

The ability to alter single bases without homology directed repair (HDR) of double‐strand breaks provides a potential solution for editing livestock genomes for economic traits, which are often multigenic. Progress toward multiplex editing in large animals has been hampered by the costly inefficiencies of HDR via microinjection of in vitro manipulated embryos. Here, we designed sgRNAs to induce nonsense codons (C‐to‐T transitions) at four target sites in caprine FGF5, which is a crucial regulator of hair length in mammals. Initial transfections of the third generation Base Editor (BE3) plasmid and four different sgRNAs into caprine fibroblasts were ineffective in altering FGF5. In contrast, all five progenies produced from microinjected single‐cell embryos had alleles with a targeted nonsense mutation. The effectiveness of BE3 to make single base changes varied considerably based on sgRNA design. In addition, the rate of mosaicism differed between animals, target sites, and tissue type. The phenotypic effects on hair fiber were characterized by hematoxylin and eosin, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. Differences in morphology were detectable, even though mosaicism was probably affecting the levels of FGF5 expression. PCR amplicon and whole‐genome resequencing analyses for off‐target changes caused by BE3 were low at a genome‐wide scale. This study provided the first evidence of base editing in large mammals produced from microinjected single‐cell embryos. Our results support further optimization of BEs for introgressing complex human disease alleles into large animal models, to evaluate potential genetic improvement of complex health and production traits in a single generation.
High ecosystem stability of evergreen broadleaf forests under severe droughts
Authors: Huang Kun , Xia Jianyang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlobal increase in drought occurrences threatens the stability of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. Evergreen broadleaf forests (EBFs) keep leaves throughout the year, and therefore could experience higher drought risks than other biomes. However, the recent temporal variability of global vegetation productivity or land carbon sink is mainly driven by non‐evergreen ecosystems, such as semiarid grasslands, croplands, and boreal forests. Thus, we hypothesize that EBFs have higher stability than other biomes under the increasingly extreme droughts. Here we use long‐term Standardized Precipitation and Evaporation Index (SPEI) data and satellite‐derived Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) products to quantify the temporal stability (ratio of mean annual EVI to its SD), resistance (ability to maintain its original levels during droughts), and resilience (rate of EVI recovering to pre‐drought levels) at biome and global scales. We identified significantly increasing trends of annual drought severity (SPEI range: −0.08 to −1.80), area (areal fraction range: 2%–19%), and duration (month range: 7.9–9.1) in the EBF biome over 2000–2014. However, EBFs showed the highest resistance of EVI to droughts, but no significant differences in resilience of EVI to droughts were found among biomes (forests, grasslands, savannas, and shrublands). Global resistance and resilience of EVI to droughts were largely affected by temperature and solar radiation. These findings suggest that EBFs have higher stability than other biomes despite the greater drought exposure. Thus, the conservation of EBFs is critical for stabilizing global vegetation productivity and land carbon sink under more‐intense climate extremes in the future.
Changing trends in epidemiology and management of facial trauma in a Swiss geriatric population
Authors: Burkhard John Patrik Matthias , Pitteloud Caroline , Klukowska‐Rötzler Jolanta , Exadaktylos Aristomenis Konstantinos , Iizuka Tateyuki , Schaller Benoit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and surgical treatment of facial fractures in a Swiss population aged 65 and over.BackgroundThe knowledge of the characteristics of geriatric trauma may help to prevent injuries and better allocate clinical resources for the management of multimorbid patients.Material and methodsThis study retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 181 patients who presented at the Bern University Hospital in Switzerland from May 2012 to September 2016. Data on age, gender, aetiology and type of trauma, treatment and complications, co‐morbidities and associated injuries were obtained.ResultsWomen were most frequently affected (55.2%). Mean age was 80 years. Zygomatic complex fractures were the most frequent type of fractures (37%), followed by isolated orbital fractures (27.6%). Falls were the most common cause of trauma (76.1%). Thirty‐five per cent of all patients were taking anticoagulation or platelet aggregation medication. Hospitalisation was required in 88.4%, whereby 92.3% of the patients underwent surgical treatment. Surgery had to be performed immediately in three cases to treat compression of the optic nerve. Median hospital length of stay was 4 days, with 68% of patients returning to a domestic environment and 32% being transferred to another institution for further treatment.ConclusionThe most common cause of facial injuries is a fall while standing in a domestic environment. Midface fractures were the most common type of fractures.
Effectiveness of a simplified method for final impression in complete denture treatment: A pragmatic clinical trial
Authors: de Resende Gabriela P. , Nogueira Túlio E. , Leles Cláudio R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to compare two methods for final impression during the fabrication of complete dentures: a traditional method using custom trays (T‐group) and a simplified method using the trial denture baseplate (S‐group).MethodsA pragmatic clinical trial was conducted among edentulous individuals referred for conventional denture treatment. A consecutive sample of edentulous patients was assigned to two groups by cluster randomisation according to the final impression strategy, 30 in the T‐group and 38 in the S‐group. In the T‐group, an auto‐polymerising acrylic resin custom tray was used for impression; in the S‐group, the final impression was performed using the try‐in dentures. For both groups, zinc oxide eugenol paste was used as the impression material. The quality of the dentures was assessed using two rating scales (Functional Assessment of the Dentures and Kapur method). Moreover, clinical time for denture fabrication, number of post‐insertion appointments for adjustments, patient satisfaction and post‐treatment oral health‐related quality of life impacts were also assessed.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups regarding prosthodontic and patient‐reported outcomes. The S‐group demanded less clinical time (P = 0.002), with a 23.3% mean reduction in clinical time (P = 0.002) and lower number of appointments until the delivery of the dentures (S‐group = 4.18 vs T‐group = 5.0; P = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study showed that the alternative method for final impression is less time‐consuming and has similar clinical outcomes when compared to the traditional final impression method. Findings suggest that this alternative may be considered when efficiency is a critical issue in healthcare services.