bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labour History and the Case against Colonialism
Authors: Brandon Pepijn , Sarkar Aditya 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe controversy around Bruce Gilley's article “The Case for Colonialism” has drawn global attention to a stream of revisionist claims and visions on the history of colonialism that has emerged in academia and in the media in recent years. Authors such as Nigel Biggar in the UK, Niall Ferguson in the USA, and Pieter Emmer in the Netherlands, have all published similarly revisionist claims about colonialism, arguing that postcolonial guilt and political correctness blind the majority of their colleagues to the positive side of the colonial project. Their argument chimes with wider societal trends, transforming the revisionist defenders of empire into heroes of a reinvigorated nationalist right within and beyond academia. The public influence attained by these approaches to colonialism requires historians to expose the deep methodological flaws, misreading of historical facts, and misrepresentations of prior scholarship that characterize the writings of this emerging revisionist trend. It is for this reason that the Editorial Committee of theInternational Review of Social History(IRSH) has decided to devote its first ever Virtual Special Issue to labour history's case against colonialism. This article, also an introduction to the Virtual Special Issue, sifts through the logical implications of the claims made by Gilley and like-minded scholars, providing both a contextualization and a rebuttal of their arguments. After assessing the long absence of colonial labour relations from the field of interest of labour historians and the pages of theIRSHitself, this article shows the centrality of a critique of colonialism to labour history's global turn in the 1990s. Using a selection of articles on colonial labour history from theIRSH's own archive, the article not only reconstructs “labour history's case against colonialism”, but also shows why labour history's critical insights into the nature of colonialism should be deepened and extended, not discarded.
Multiscale structures and noise in magnetized plasmas line-tied at conducting surfaces
Authors: Hassam A. B. , Huang Yi-Min 
Published: March 2019

In magnetized plasma situations where magnetic fields intersect massive conducting boundaries, ‘line-tied’ boundary conditions are often used, analytically and in numerical simulations. For ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasmas, these conditions are arrived at given the relatively long time scales for magnetic fields penetrating resistively into good conductors. Under line-tied boundary conditions, numerical simulations often exhibit what could be construed as numerical ‘noise’ emanating from the boundaries. We show here that this ‘noise’ is real. By combining numerical and analytical methods, we highlight the existence of sharp spatial structures near the conductors and confirm the appearance of short wavelength structures riding on long wavelength modes. We conclude that, for numerical fidelity, the short multiscale structures need to be resolved. Generally, the short structure widths scale as the square root of the plasma $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$.
Pressure without Pain: What Politicians (Don’t) Tell You about Welfare State Change
Authors: GOERRES ACHIM , KUMLIN STAFFAN , KARLSEN RUNE 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHow do political leaders politicise welfare state “reform pressures”, e.g. unemployment, ageing or globalisation, in election campaigns? Competing expectations range from no politicization at all to a clear and unbiased coupling between pressures and intended policy responses. Eighteen speeches held by prime ministerial candidates at election-year party congresses in Germany, Norway and Sweden (2000–2010) reveal an unfinished and biased problem-solution coupling. On the one hand, even in these affluent countries pressures are frequently politicised. On the other hand, leaders either cherry-pick less painful policy solutions, or refrain altogether from debating them. So, while citizens learn that the welfare state is pressured, they are not exposed to the full range of policies they increasingly have reason to expect after elections.
Looking ahead to a future with Alzheimer's disease: coping with the unknown
Authors: Ashworth Rosalie Marie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe conceptualisation of Alzheimer's disease as an illness with ‘no future’ exposes people with the condition to significant fear and stress. Therefore, exploring how people look ahead to the future in the face of Alzheimer's disease is of foremost importance. Semi-structured interviews (N = 14) explored the future outlook of people with early (N = 5) and late-onset (N = 7) Alzheimer's disease and those who support them (N = 14). Thematic analysis identified how participants managed their changing futures through focusing on positive information, and taking ‘one day at a time’. Younger and older people shared similar future outlook and subsequent coping strategies, as predicted by Carstensen's Socioemotional Selectivity Theory. Both people with Alzheimer's disease and those who support them avoided looking far ahead as a way of managing the uncertain future, and had little awareness of future planning in the context of current policies. Such avoidance suggests that policy which encourages future planning should consider its utility and explore ways of helping people to plan, whilst focusing on daily living.
Using automated computer vision and machine learning to code facial expressions of affect and arousal: Implications for emotion dysregulation research
Authors: Haines Nathaniel , Bell Ziv , Crowell Sheila , Hahn Hunter , Kamara Dana , McDonough-Caplan Heather , Shader Tiffany , Beauchaine Theodore P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs early as infancy, caregivers’ facial expressions shape children's behaviors, help them regulate their emotions, and encourage or dissuade their interpersonal agency. In childhood and adolescence, proficiencies in producing and decoding facial expressions promote social competence, whereas deficiencies characterize several forms of psychopathology. To date, however, studying facial expressions has been hampered by the labor-intensive, time-consuming nature of human coding. We describe a partial solution: automated facial expression coding (AFEC), which combines computer vision and machine learning to code facial expressions in real time. Although AFEC cannot capture the full complexity of human emotion, it codes positive affect, negative affect, and arousal—core Research Domain Criteria constructs—as accurately as humans, and it characterizes emotion dysregulation with greater specificity than other objective measures such as autonomic responding. We provide an example in which we use AFEC to evaluate emotion dynamics in mother–daughter dyads engaged in conflict. Among other findings, AFEC (a) shows convergent validity with a validated human coding scheme, (b) distinguishes among risk groups, and (c) detects developmental increases in positive dyadic affect correspondence as teen daughters age. Although more research is needed to realize the full potential of AFEC, findings demonstrate its current utility in research on emotion dysregulation.
Greenhouse gas emissions, total food spending and diet quality by share of household food spending on red meat: results from a nationally representative sample of US households
Authors: Boehm Rebecca , Ver Ploeg Michele , Wilde Parke E , Cash Sean B 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if US household food purchases with lower levels of red meat spending generate lower life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), greater nutritional quality and improved alignment with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Affordability of purchasing patterns by red meat spending levels was also assessed.DesignHousehold food purchase and acquisition data were linked to an environmentally extended input–output life-cycle assessment model to calculate food GHGE. Households (n4706) were assigned to quintiles by the share of weekly food spending on red meat. Average weekly kilojoule-adjusted GHGE, total food spending, nutrients purchased and 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) were evaluated using ANOVA and linear regression.SettingUSA.ParticipantsHouseholds participating in the 2012–2013 National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey.ResultsThere was substantial variation in the share of the household food budget spent on red meat and total spending on red meat. The association between red meat spending share and total food spending was mixed. Lower red meat spending share was mostly advantageous from a nutritional perspective. Average GHGE were significantly lower and HEI-2010 scores were significantly higher for households spending the least on red meat as a share of total food spending.ConclusionsOnly very low levels of red meat spending as a share of total food spending had advantages for food affordability, lower GHGE, nutrients purchased and diet quality. Further studies assessing changes in GHGE and other environmental burdens, using more sophisticated analytical techniques and accounting for substitution towards non-red meat animal proteins, are needed.
China–Cellulose Pulp: China's Quest to Satisfy WTO Panels and the Appellate Body
Authors: REYNOLDS KARA , YANGUAS TATIANA 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn April 2017, a WTO panel ruled that China's anti-dumping investigation into imports of dissolving cellulose pulp from Canada violated the WTO's Anti-dumping Agreement. The panel found that China's description of the parallel price trends of dumped imports and domestic products failed to explain their finding that the dumped imports caused the decline in domestic prices. The ruling perhaps should not have surprised anyone as the WTO had made similar findings in disputes involving two previous Chinese anti-dumping investigations. This paper explores to what degree ‘parallel price trends’ can be used as a valid methodology to determine price depression, and whether it is the methodology itself that is problematic or China's implementation of that methodology that has caused it to lose three disputes over the past five years.
HEREDITARILY STRUCTURALLY COMPLETE POSITIVE LOGICS
Authors: CITKIN ALEX 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPositive logics are $\{ \wedge , \vee , \to \}$-fragments of intermediate logics. It is clear that the positive fragment of $Int$ is not structurally complete. We give a description of all hereditarily structurally complete positive logics, while the question whether there is a structurally complete positive logic which is not hereditarily structurally complete, remains open.
Führungsmotivation und Führungskräfteentwicklung
Authors: Reiner Annabell E. , Felfe Jörg , Moldzio Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Führungsmotivation vermittelt zwischen Persönlichkeit und Führungserfolgskriterien und kann damit diesen Zusammenhang erklären ( Stiehl, Gatzka, Elprana & Felfe, 2015 ). Erstmals im Kontext der beruflichen Eignungsdiagnostik wurde mit N = 296 Berufstätigen der Mediationseffekt der Facetten der Führungsmotivation auf die Beziehung zwischen Persönlichkeit und Führungspotenzial untersucht. Das affektive Führungsmotiv erwies sich als wichtigster Mediator, während das kalkulative Führungsmotiv lediglich in der Personalauswahl eine wichtige, jedoch negative Rolle spielte. Darauf aufbauend wurde in einer zweiten Studie mit N = 140 Berufstätigen untersucht, inwiefern intrinsisch motivierte Führungskräfte auch langfristig erfolgreich sind und welche Motivkonstellationen dabei eine Rolle spielen. Eine hohe affektive Führungsmotivation wurde von den Mitarbeiter_innen nur positiv bewertet, wenn die Führungskraft wenig nach Macht strebte. Der positive Zusammenhang zwischen affektivem Führungsmotiv und Führungsspanne wurde durch eine hohe Vermeidung von Führung abgeschwächt. Die Ergebnisse erweitern das Verständnis der Wirkung der Führungsmotivation in verschiedenen Kontexten und können bei der Führungskräfteauswahl und -entwicklung genutzt werden.
Assessing Seasonal Changes in Microgravity at Yellowstone Caldera
Authors: Poland Michael P. , de Zeeuw‐van Dalfsen Elske 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicrogravity time series at active volcanoes can provide an indication of mass change related to subsurface magmatic processes, but uncertainty is often introduced by hydrologic variations and other noise sources that cannot easily be isolated. We empirically assessed seasonality and noise by conducting four surveys over the course of May–October 2017 at Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming. Yellowstone experiences frequent changes in the rates and styles of seismicity and surface deformation, but the mechanisms of these changes are poorly understood. Past gravity data from the caldera have yielded ambiguous results, possibly due to hydrologic noise. Given the strong visually observable changes in surface water and snow conditions over the course of our surveys, we expected to see significant variations in gravity. The net change in gravity, however, was less than 20 μGal at most sites, and there was no strong correlation with river and lake levels or snow conditions. Seasonal changes in gravity are therefore small compared to those that would be expected from magmatic activity, although they may be on the same order as those associated with Yellowstone's hydrothermal system. We did find that noise levels in gravity data were highly dependent on site characteristics, with bedrock sites away from trees yielding the lowest levels of noise, and thin concrete pads in forested areas the highest. These results can be used to plan future surveys at Yellowstone and to reinterpret past data, and they provide guidance in terms of best practices for repeat gravity work on volcanoes worldwide.
Role of Indian Ocean Dynamics on Accumulation of Buoyant Debris
Authors: van der Mheen Mirjam , Pattiaratchi Charitha , van Sebille Erik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBuoyant marine plastic debris has become a serious problem affecting the marine environment. To fully understand the impact of this problem, it is important to understand the dynamics of buoyant debris in the ocean. Buoyant debris accumulates in “garbage patches” in each of the subtropical ocean basins because of Ekman convergence and associated downwelling at subtropical latitudes. However, the precise dynamics of the garbage patches are not well understood. This is especially true in the southern Indian Ocean (SIO), where observations are inconclusive about the existence and numerical models predict inconsistent locations of the SIO garbage patch. In addition, the oceanic and atmospheric dynamics in the SIO are very different from those in the other oceans. The aim of this paper is to determine the dynamics of the SIO garbage patch at different depths and under different transport mechanisms such as ocean surface currents, Stokes drift, and direct wind forcing. To achieve this, we use two types of ocean surface drifters as a proxy for buoyant debris. We derive transport matrices from observed drifter locations and simulate the global accumulation of buoyant debris. Our results indicate that the accumulation of buoyant debris in the SIO is much more sensitive to different transport mechanisms than in the other ocean basins. We relate this sensitivity to the unique oceanic and atmospheric dynamics of the SIO.
Trajectories as Training Images to Simulate Advective‐Diffusive, Non‐Fickian Transport
Authors: Most Sebastian , Bolster Diogo , Bijeljic Branko , Nowak Wolfgang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a spatial Markov model to simulate transport in three‐dimensional complex porous media flows. Our methodology is inspired by the concept of training images from geostatistics. Instead of using a training image we use highly resolved training trajectories obtained by high‐resolution particle tracking, from which we sample increments in our random walk model. To reflect higher‐order processes, subsequent increments are correlated. The approach can be split into three steps. First, we subdivide (cut) the training trajectories to form an archive of trajectory segments. Next, we recursively sample segments, where subsequent samples are chosen conditioned to the previous one to ensure continuity and smoothness of velocity (conditional copy). Finally, we merge (paste) consecutive segments together to generate simulated trajectories of arbitrary length. This training trajectory approach aims to overcome three common shortcomings of spatial Markov models: (1) We simulate finite‐Péclet transport in three dimensions without commonly made simplifications (e.g., dimensionality reduction, and neglecting diffusion). (2) We do not parameterize dependence via a high‐dimensional transition matrix. (3) We simulate transport at the resolution of the (highly resolved) training trajectories, which can be important for processes such as mixing and reaction. To validate our methodology, we apply it to simulate transport within a three‐dimensional sandstone sample and compare predictions of a broad range of benchmark metrics against measurements from direct numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the training trajectories approach accurately represents three‐dimensional particle motion, suggesting that this method can capture the governing dependence structure and simulate transport processes in full complexity.
Protracted amygdalar response predicts efficacy of a computer-based intervention targeting attentional patterns in transdiagnostic clinical anxiety
Authors: Woody Mary L. , Yang Jamie O. , Cummings Logan , Gilchrist Danielle , Graur Simona , Siegle Greg J. , Price Rebecca B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIndividuals with clinical anxiety demonstrate an attention bias toward threatening information, which is thought to be partially driven by heightened amygdala activity to perceived threat. Attention Bias Modification (ABM) is a computer-based treatment that trains attention toward neutral stimuli and away from threatening stimuli. Alterations in initial processing of threat have been linked to ABM responses, but the impact of protracted processing in the aftermath of neutral and threatening information on ABM outcomes has not been well studied. Our study tested whether sustained activity in the amygdala, which occurred after neutral and threatening stimuli had been removed, could predict which individuals would respond well to ABM. Unmedicated anxious individuals underwent a baseline fMRI assessment during performance of a task sensitive to protracted emotional processing. Afterward, they were randomized to complete eight sessions of ABM (n = 38) or a sham training (n = 19). ABM patients who displayed greater sustained bilateral amygdalar response in the aftermath of neutral stimuli displayed the least improvement in self-reported (but not clinician-rated) vigilance symptoms. In contrast, amygdalar response did not predict improvement in sham patients. Results suggest that in certain anxious individuals, the amygdala may have a robust protracted response even to subjectively neutral cues, which could make these individuals a poor fit for ABM because of its focus on repeatedly retraining attention toward neutral cues. Findings may help elucidate neural mechanisms of ABM and promote the identification of a subset of anxious patients who would be good candidates for this intervention.
The emerging role of exosomes in mental disorders
Authors: Saeedi Saumeh , Israel Sonia , Nagy Corina , Turecki Gustavo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, which are released by cells and are accessible in biofluids, such as saliva, urine, and plasma. These vesicles are enriched with small RNA, and they play a role in many physiological processes. In the brain, they are involved in processes including synaptic plasticity, neuronal stress response, cell-to-cell communication and neurogenesis. While exosomes have been implicated previously in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, research regarding their role in mental disorders remains scarce. Given their functional significance in the brain, investigation in this field is warranted. Additionally, because exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier, they may serve as accessible biomarkers of neural dysfunction. Studying exosomes may provide information towards diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, and specifically those derived from the brain may provide a mechanistic view of the disease phenotype. This review will discuss the roles of exosomes in the brain, and relate novel findings to current insights into mental disorders.
Controllable hierarchical self-assembly of porphyrin-derived supra-amphiphiles
Authors: Wang Shu-Ping , Lin Wei , Wang Xiaolin , Cen Tian-Yong , Xie Hujun , Huang Jianying , Zhu Ben-Yue , Zhang Zibin , Song Aixin , Hao Jingcheng , Wu Jing , Li Shijun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractControl of self-assembly is significant to the preparation of supramolecular materials and illustration of diversities in either natural or artificial systems. Supra-amphiphiles have remarkable advantages in the construction of nanostructures but control of shape and size of supramolecular nanostructures is still a great challenge. Here, we fabricate a series of supra-amphiphiles by utilizing the recognition motifs based on a heteroditopic porphyrin amphiphile and its zinc complex. These porphyrin amphiphiles can bind with a few guests including Cl–, coronene, C60, 4,4′-bipyridine and 2,4,6-tri(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, which are further applied to facilitate the controllable self-assembly. Addition of these guests result in the formation of various supra-amphiphiles with well-defined structures, thus induce the generation of different aggregates. A diverse of aggregation morphologies including nanospheres, nanorods, films, spheric micelles, vesicles and macrowires are constructed upon the influence of specific complexation, which highlights the present work with abundant control on the shapes and dimensions of self-assemblies.
Noble gas as a functional dopant in ZnO
Authors: Malyi Oleksandr I. , Sopiha Kostiantyn V. , Persson Clas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOwing to fully occupied orbitals, noble gases are considered to be chemically inert and to have limited effect on materials properties under standard conditions. However, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate herein that the insertion of noble gas (i.e. He, Ne, or Ar) in ZnO results in local destabilization of electron density of the material driven by minimization of an unfavorable overlap of atomic orbitals of the noble gas and its surrounding atoms. Specifically, the noble gas defect (interstitial or substitutional) in ZnO pushes the electron density of its surrounding atoms away from the defect. Simultaneously, the host material confines the electron density of the noble gas. As a consequence, the interaction of He, Ne, or Ar with O vacancies of ZnO in different charge states q (ZnO:VOq) affects the vacancy stability and their electronic structures. Remarkably, we find that the noble gas is a functional dopant that can delocalize the deep in-gap VOq states and lift electrons associated with the vacancy to the conduction band.