bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating public affairs information strategy with organizational practices in healthcare delivery organizations
Authors: Vamstad Brian S. , Gordon Mark 
Published: May 2018

To develop and implement policy, lawmakers rely on the input from external experts and stakeholders. Public affairs professionals are responsible for monitoring the sociopolitical environment and responding to public policy proposals on behalf of firms and organizations. However, how public affairs operate intraorganizationally and develop information strategies is not clear nor consistent in the literature. The purpose was to explore how public affairs engage with internal stakeholders to leverage their knowledge for information strategies in responding to policymakers. Knowledge transfer served as a theoretical framework through a qualitative multiple case study of 3 not‐for‐profit healthcare delivery organizations. Primary data were collected using semistructured interviews from public affairs (n = 11) and healthcare professionals (n = 18) along with a review of organizational documents and public records. Patterns and themes emerged through cross‐case synthesis, presented as a process‐based model and theory. Public affairs structures and decision‐making processes varied across cases indicating no coherent approach by practitioners. Intraorganizational engagement and knowledge transfer processes were managed both consistently and ad hoc, through informal and formal methods. Practitioner strategies and tactics were identified to facilitate internal interaction such as filtering policy issues and effective communication methods. Common institutional barriers were identified that made stakeholder engagement a challenge. This study provides insight into understanding how public affairs practice internally and supports the fundamental importance of linking knowledge into public policymaking.
αE‐catenin is a candidate tumor suppressor for the development of E‐cadherin‐expressing lobular‐type breast cancer
Authors: de Groot Jolien S , Ratze Max AK , van Amersfoort Miranda , Eisemann Tanja , Vlug Eva J , Niklaas Mijanou T , Chin Suet‐Feung , Caldas Carlos , van Diest Paul J , Jonkers Jos , de Rooij Johan , Derksen Patrick WB 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough mutational inactivation of E‐cadherin (CDH1) is the main driver of invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC), approximately 10–15% of all ILCs retain membrane‐localized E‐cadherin despite the presence of an apparent non‐cohesive and invasive lobular growth pattern. Given that ILC is dependent on constitutive actomyosin contraction for tumor development and progression, we used a combination of cell systems and in vivo experiments to investigate the consequences of α‐catenin (CTNNA1) loss in the regulation of anchorage independence of non‐invasive breast carcinoma. We found that inactivating somatic CTNNA1 mutations in human breast cancer correlated with lobular and mixed ducto‐lobular phenotypes. Further, inducible loss of α‐catenin in mouse and human E‐cadherin‐expressing breast cancer cells led to atypical localization of E‐cadherin, a rounded cell morphology, and anoikis resistance. Pharmacological inhibition experiments subsequently revealed that, similar to E‐cadherin‐mutant ILC, anoikis resistance induced by α‐catenin loss was dependent on Rho/Rock‐dependent actomyosin contractility. Finally, using a transplantation‐based conditional mouse model, we demonstrate that inducible inactivation of α‐catenin instigates acquisition of lobular features and invasive behavior. We therefore suggest that α‐catenin represents a bona fide tumor suppressor for the development of lobular‐type breast cancer and as such provides an alternative event to E‐cadherin inactivation, adherens junction (AJ) dysfunction, and subsequent constitutive actomyosin contraction. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Heritage of Stanislaw Ciechanowski (1869‐1945)—Discoverer of pathogenesis of prostatic hyperplasia‐passionis insignia signis fulgent mirificis
Authors: Wincewicz Andrzej , Woltanowski Piotr , Sulkowski Stanisław 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundProstatic enlargement was first correctly recognized as a prostatic hyperplasia by professor of anatomic pathology, Stanisław Ciechanowski (1869‐1945) in Cracow on contrary to Parisian urologist Jean Casimir Félix Guyon's concepts of progressing atherosclerosis as a morphological cause of prostatic overgrowth and mechanical insufficiency of lower urinary tract.MethodsPrimary resources were analyzed about Stanisław Ciechanowski mainly from depositories of the Section of Special Collection, Stanisław Konopka Main Medical Library Warsaw and Polish bibliograhy of Estreichers at Jagiellonian University.ResultsProfessor of anatomic pathology, Stanisław Ciechanowski (1869‐1945) was the first to state that chronic inflammation induced overgrowth of parenchymatous and stromal prostate components in course of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Ciechanowski preformed also pioneer and notable studies in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and classification of cancer in Poland. As one of the major Polish medical editors and a father of Polish modern medical language he was also very prolific author in the field of congenital pathology, sclerosis of pulmonary arteries, endemic goiter, intestinal emphysema, etc. Due to magnitude of autopsies, he preformed, Stanislaw Ciechanowski was a perfect candidate to complete the first edition of several volumes of main Polish handbook on anatomy of a human body after tragic death of professor Adam Bochenek.ConclusionsCiechanowski gained such a high authority, that his opinion was found crucial in prewar Poland in the field of medical publications, but his world‐famous achievement was scientific explanation of prostate overgrowth as inflammation induced hyperplasia.
Discrimination between virgin and recycled polystyrene containers by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis
Authors: Song Xue‐Chao , Lin Qin‐Bao , Chen Chao‐Fang , Chen Jing‐Hong , Hu Chang‐Ying 
Published: May 2018

A rapid and reliable method for discriminating virgin and recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) containers was developed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis. Standard normal variate, first and second‐order derivative spectra were compared for the discrimination results. The results show that carbonyl region (1780‐1620 cm−1) spectra using first derivative transformation give the optimum classification results. In addition, the carbonyl compounds in EPS containers were detected to clarify the chemical difference between virgin and recycled containers, with a higher concentration of carbonyl compounds observed in recycled EPS containers. The combination of carbonyl region of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with chemometrics proved to be a promising method to discriminate virgin and recycled EPS containers, which could function as an additional tool for quality control of plastics.
Analysis of buried interfaces in multilayer device structures with hard XPS (HAXPES) using a CrKα source
Authors: Renault O. , Martinez E. , Zborowski C. , Mann J. , Inoue R. , Newman J. , Watanabe K. 
Published: May 2018

Applications of laboratory hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy on buried interfaces in devices are presented. We use a novel spectrometer fitted with a monochromated CrKα source (photon energy: 5414.9 eV) and a high‐voltage analyzer. Elements buried at depths as deep as 25 nm underneath various overlayers such as Al/Ta and Pt/Ti are detected and quantified from survey spectra, with chemical shifts accessible from high‐resolution scans. Different analysis conditions towards optimizing the information depth are presented and discussed.
Highly Enhanced Luminescence Performance of LEDs via Controllable Layer‐Structured 3D Photonic Crystals and Photonic Crystal Beads
Authors: Tian Yu , Chen Min , Zhang Jing , Tong Yu‐Long , Wang Cai‐Feng , Wiederrecht Gary P. , Chen Su 
Published: May 2018

AbstractControllable layer‐structured 3D photonic crystals (PCs) are prepared using the combination of the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique and layer‐by‐layer stacking method. They are used for research into the influence of the number of the layers on the enhancement of the efficiency of light emission from light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and quantum dots (QDs). The luminescence properties of blue, green, and white LEDs are improved dramatically while applying such controllable layer‐structured 3D PCs as reflectors and the enhancement efficiencies are shown to increase with PC thickness. In addition, the fluorescence intensity increases 7.8‐fold and 5.4‐fold for red and green QDs, respectively, and the fluorescence intensity can be accurately controlled by using PCs with different layers. In addition, PC beads with yellow and red photonic bandgaps are used to improve the luminescence of a white LED with angle‐independent enhancement. These beads are simply doped into the phosphor without any other treatment. Interestingly, the light intensity of the PC bead based LED is remarkably enhanced. These quantized enhanced effect of light intensity on the thickness of PC layers, along with new generation of PC bead based LED, might offer a strategy for designing high brightness LEDs with energy‐saving performance.
Domestic energy consumption and climate change mitigation
Authors: Abrahamse Wokje , Shwom Rachael 
Published: May 2018

In this overview, we use domestic energy use as a lens through which to look at climate change mitigation. First, we provide a brief overview of research on domestic energy use, covering four main disciplines: engineering, economics, psychology, and sociology. We then discuss the results of empirical studies that examine how households may be encouraged to reduce their energy use and help mitigate climate change. We include research findings in three key areas: technological innovations, economic incentives, and informational interventions. We outline the effectiveness of each of these approaches in encouraging domestic energy conservation and provide instances where such approaches have not been effective. Building on this established body of knowledge on direct energy consumption (i.e., electricity, gas, and fuel consumption), we highlight applications for addressing indirect energy consumption (i.e., energy embedded in the products households consume) by discussing its implications for sustainable food consumption as a climate mitigation option. We conclude this overview by outlining how research from the four disciplines might be better integrated in future research to advance domestic energy conservation theory and empirical studies.This article is categorized under:
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
Ice halos in weather lore and meteorology, and a rare halo display in San Francisco
Authors: Zinkova Mila 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFrom Aristotle to modern science, this article presents several accounts of ice halo displays in weather lore and answers questions such asCould a sighting of a halo be an omen of a shipwreck? Does a halo herald a hurricane? How are ice halos observed in Oklahoma connected to plankton from the Pacific Ocean?and others. The article also offers images and descriptions of a very rare odd‐radius solar halo display, observed in California on 23 February 2016, in which the Sun appeared to be surrounded by five concentric circles. Finally, the article analyses the meteorological conditions associated with this phenomenon, alongside those of other displays, and answers a question that has been asked for many thousands of years: can halo displays be used as indicators of the weather?
The Delhi ‘gas chamber’: smog, air pollution and the health emergency of November 2017
Authors: Terry James P. , Jia Gensuo , Boldi Robert , Khan Sarah 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe thick smog that blanketed India's capital, New Delhi, in early November 2017 saw air quality index values peak above 1000 – a figure in excess of three times the threshold value for ‘hazardous’ conditions. A public health emergency was declared. Delhi's smog was the result of an existing ambient urban air‐pollution problem, significantly worsened by smoke blowing in from numerous agricultural fires burning across neighbouring Punjab and Haryana states. Post‐summer monsoon regional air‐flow patterns, decreasing autumn temperatures, high‐pressure stability, temperature inversion and light local winds helped to produce climatic conditions that were conducive to smog build‐up and subsequently prevented it from readily dispersing. Well‐intentioned measures introduced by the authorities saw only partial improvement in city air quality after three weeks. To reduce the severity of future smog hazards, a region‐wide agreement to restrict stubble burning during late autumn across northwest India will be needed.
An observational study of the Kanchipuram flood during the northeast monsoon season in 2015
Authors: Mishra Anoop , Chandra Sagarika , Rafiq Mohammd , Sivarajan N. , Santhanam K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSoutheast India experienced several extreme precipitation events during November and early December 2015, which resulted in heavy flooding over Tamilnadu and Puducherry. Kanchipuram was one of the worst affected districts of Tamilnadu. The devastating floods that hit Kanchipuram during November/December 2015 caused serious damage to property and loss of human life. This study focuses on rain gauge data from 13 stations in Kanchipuram. The results show that there were multiple heavy precipitation events during the second week of November and the first week of December that resulted in record‐breaking heavy runoff over Kanchipuram, causing severe flooding over the region. The extremely heavy precipitation over Kanchipuram occurred in multiple spells: 7–9 November, 15–17 November and 1/2 December 2015. Tambram station recorded a maximum rainfall value of about 494 mm on 2 December. Peak rainfall amounts of about 329 and 316 mm were also recorded over Tambram and Panankattucheri on 16 and 9 November, respectively. It was found that multi‐day heavy precipitation events during November and December caused heavy flooding over Kanchipuram.
Inside information in Ponzi schemes
Authors: Sadiraj Klarita , Schram Arthur 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPonzi-like investment schemes were popular in many transition economies. Often, some government officials had inside information about the viability of such schemes and used this information to their own advantage. We introduce a novel experimental design that allows us to study the extent to which this kind of abuse of information is possible and what consequences it has for those without such information. In particular, we investigate how the proportion of informed versus uninformed investors and the promised dividends affect the way in which informed investors can exploit the investments of uninformed investors. Our results show that uninformed investors follow the observed choices of the informed even more than predicted by theory. This adds to the devastating effects that this kind of underground activity can have on the uninformed.
Participation in Daily Life: Influence on Quality of Life in Ambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Omura Jaclyn , Fuentes Molly , Bjornson Kristie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic condition that affects children and has an impact on social and physical activity, as well as participation in daily life. Participation and quality of life (QOL) are 2 important measures of successful rehabilitation that have not been well studied in children with CP.ObjectiveTo report levels of participation and examine the relationship of participation to QOL in ambulatory children with CP.DesignSecondary analysis, cross‐sectional cohort study.SettingRegional pediatric specialty care center.ParticipantsA cohort of 128 ambulatory children with CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I‐III, age 2‐9 years.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPediatric Quality of Life Inventory; Assessment of Life Habits; and Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Assessment of Preschool Children’s Participation.ResultsParticipation was negatively associated with increasing Gross Motor Function Classification System but not age. Level of participation was associated with psychosocial QOL (2.97, P = .001) and total QOL (54.70, P = .03) but not physical QOL. There was a positive relationship between physical activity performance (0.63, P = .001), walking performance (0.002, P = .01), and communication level (7.23, P = .05) with physical QOL. Increasing age and decreased frequency of participation were negatively associated with all QOL domains.ConclusionsThe results suggest that participation in daily life is negatively influenced by physical impairment and that levels of participation are positively associated with psychosocial and total QOL among ambulatory children with CP. This suggests that participation influences QOL and further studies are needed to determine the aspects of participation directly impacting QOL in ambulatory children with CP.Level of EvidenceIII
After Exoneration: Attributions of Responsibility Impact Perceptions
Authors: Savage Meaghan E. , Clow Kimberley A. , Schuller Regina A. , Ricciardelli Rosemary 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGuided by Weiner’s (1993,Am Psychol48:957-964) attribution theory of social motivation, we examined perceptions of exonerees. Specifically, we examined whether biased police procedures impacted perceptions of responsibility, emotional reactions, and willingness to assist exonerees. Participants read a vignette involving an exoneration due to either a false confession or an eyewitness misidentification with police practices (biased vs. unbiased) manipulated across participants. Findings corroborate that participants hold more negative views of exonerees who falsely confess than exonerees who were mistakenly identified by eyewitnesses. Moreover, when police bias was high, participants were angrier at the police and less likely to perceive the exoneree as responsible for the wrongful conviction—especially when false confessions were involved. The findings are discussed in light of Weiner’s social motivation theory, and in regards to improving attitudes towards individuals who have been wrongly convicted.
SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CONCERNS OF
PERSONS WITH DISABILITY IN INDIA: AN ISSUE OF
DEEP-ROOTED SILENCE
Authors: Sharma Seema , Sivakami Muthusamy 
Published: May 2018

SummaryGlobal estimates suggest that over a billion people
live with a disability that is significant enough to
affect their daily lives. According to the 2011
Indian Census, India alone has about 26.8 million
people with disabilities. Research suggests that
persons with disabilities (PwDs) in India are among
the most neglected, stigmatized, poor and least
educated of the world’s population, and women with
disabilities in India are the most marginalized,
both socially and economically. They bear the triple
burden of being discriminated against through being
‘women’ (socially marginal beings), ‘disabled’
(incapacitated, inefficient and undesirable) and
‘women with disabilities’ (the weakest of the weak),
often becoming socially invisible. Although there
has been a general recognition over the years that
the educational and employment opportunities of PwDs
in India need to be improved, their sexual needs and
aspirations, sexuality concerns and sexual and
reproductive health and rights have been largely
ignored. The objective of this paper is to highlight
the paucity of research on the sexual and
reproductive health concerns of PwDs, particularly
women, in the Indian context using existing
literature on India, and to identify the possible
reasons of this neglect. The study describes the
obstacles faced by PwDs, particularly women, to
acquiring good sexual and reproductive information
and services, based on the results of empirical
studies. Given the lack of research on this in
India, the evidence largely comes from studies
conducted elsewhere in the world. Lack of
information and education about sexual health
concerns, physical and/or infrastructural
inaccessibility, judgemental provider attitudes,
limited provider knowledge about disability issues
and individual factors, including inhibitions about
seeking health care and financial barriers, are
identified as factors inhibiting the sexual and
reproductive rights of people with disabilities in
India.
Perinatal mental health and psychosocial risk screening in a community maternal and child health setting: evaluation of a digital platform
Authors: Highet Nicole , Gamble Jenny , Creedy Debra 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Screening women for depression and psychosocial risk during the perinatal period is recognised best practice. Screening by current pen and paper methods can be time consuming, and prone to scorer error. The lack of readily available translated versions of screening tools also excludes many women from different cultures.

Aim
To evaluate a perinatal mental health digital screening platform, iCOPE. The trial was conducted in a community maternal and child health setting in Melbourne, Australia.

Method
A descriptive, cohort design was used. All women attending the urban clinic were invited to complete their routine perinatal screening on the digital platform, designed to automate score calculations and produce instant clinical and client reports whilst collecting data in real time. Screening included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and psychosocial risk questions in line with current national clinical guidelines. Functionality of iCOPE was assessed according to duration of screening, completion rates, accuracy of reporting and level of engagement by women.

Results
During the trial, 144 screens were performed. The mean screening time was 6.7 min (SD=3.78). Most (65.7% n=94) women took between 3 and 6 min. Mean EPDS score was 7.2 with 16% (n=23) scoring 13 or more. The accuracy of reports was 100% and screening completion rate was 99.3%. Many women (81.3%) requested a copy of their personal report.

Discussion
The iCOPE platform was efficient in terms of screening time, scoring accuracy, and engagement of women. The automated production of tailored client and clinical reports enabled screening outcomes to be instantly communicated to women and health professionals. The collection of data in real time facilitated the monitoring of screening rates and evaluation of outcomes by clinicians and service managers.
Roles of Hydrous Lithospheric Mantle in Deep Water Transportation and Subduction Dynamics
Authors: Nakao Atsushi , Iwamori Hikaru , Nakakuki Tomoeki , Suzuki Yujiro J. , Nakamura Hitomi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe used two‐dimensional simulations to investigate the effects of a hydrous lithospheric mantle (HLM) on subduction dynamics. It was demonstrated that the thickness of a subducting HLM strongly controls the motion and deformation of converging plates. When the HLM thickness is lower than a critical value, for example, ∼5 km for a 100‐Ma slab, all serpentine in the HLM decomposes, and the liberated fluid enters the mantle wedge. The fluid weakens the overlying plate, causing trench retreat, rapid plate convergence, and slab stagnation. In contrast, when the HLM thickness exceeds the critical value, dense hydrous magnesium silicates appear in cold parts of the HLM at high pressures. The buoyant dense hydrous magnesium silicates reduce the slab pull force, weakening trench retreat, rapid convergence, and slab stagnation. A low HLM thickness may account for tectonics in some actual subduction zones characterized by trench retreat, rapid convergence, and stagnant slabs, for example, in Northeast Japan.