bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flipping the City: Space and Subjectivity in the São Paulo Periphery
Authors: Klein Charles H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLike many urban spaces in the Global South, Brazilian cities are renowned for their extreme inequalities, with socio‐spatial distinctions generally following a center/periphery divide in which wealth and infrastructure are concentrated in center districts, and social vulnerability increases the farther out one goes. Yet, in the past fifteen years, poverty reduction, planning initiatives, higher education opportunities, and social media networks have transformed many urban periphery communities and residents’ aspirations for the future. In this article, I explore some of the visions of what city life in São Paulo is and might be. I begin with an overview of São Paulo’s spatial landscape and the polysemic category “the periphery.” I then turn to two differently scaled examinations of intentional spatial and cultural transformation in São Paulo’s Zona Sul (southern zone). The first is a study through reflection of local sustainable development policy in two environmentally protected areas, the second an autoethnographic‐inflected exploration of the growth in recent years of what I call insurgent cosmopolitan periphery subjectivities. My analysis considers how center‐led public policies and periphery‐based cultural movements, may, in different ways, simultaneously re‐enforce existing social segregation and support the creation of new spatial possibilities, space‐based subjectivities, and life ways in urban landscapes.
Early efficacy and late gain in chronic and high‐frequency episodic migraine with onabotulinumtoxinA
Authors: Alpuente A. , Gallardo V. J. , Torres‐Ferrus M. , Alvarez‐Sabin J. , Pozo‐Rosich P. 
Published: June 2019

Background and purposeThe aim was to analyse the clinical characteristics of a long‐term follow‐up of patients with chronic and high‐frequency episodic migraine in treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA.MethodsPatients diagnosed with high‐frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) or chronic migraine (CM) according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 beta were included. A comparative analysis was carried out at each study time point identifying outcome measures according to initial diagnosis and treatment duration.ResultsIn all, 578 patients were recruited and after 24 months outcome data were collected from 100 patients: 84.0% CM and 16.0% HFEM. After 24 months, headache frequency was significantly reduced by 10.5 days from baseline, 64.0% reported a ≥50% reduction in pain intensity and 70.0% of patients had ≥50% reduction in analgesic use. Comparing baseline diagnoses, at month 6 CM patients presented higher mean reduction in frequency (CM 44.3% ± 32.6% vs. HFEM 34.6% ± 24.8%) and analgesic use (CM 53.6% ± 35.4% vs. HFEM 39.3% ± 33.2%). At month 12, the mean reduction in frequency was similar in CM and HFEM patients (CM 44.7% ± 33.4% vs. HFEM 41.2% ± 28.2%). Improvement in pain intensity, analgesic use and Migraine Disability Assessment were proportional in both diagnoses.ConclusionsOnabotulinumtoxinA efficacy is significant at 6 months in frequency and analgesic intake and remains stable during follow‐up, whilst the intensity of pain decreases in a stepwise manner at each time point of the analysis. The improvement in CM and HFEM patients is proportional and significant after 1 year of treatment.
Influence of previous agonistic interactions with conspecifics on contest decisions
Authors: Kuo Jing‐Huan , Chang Yu‐Ting , Chen Yu‐Ju , Hsu Yuying 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent wins and losses can inform individuals about their relative fighting abilities and modify their subsequent contest decisions. Using a mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus, we tested the hypothesis that visual and limited physical interactions can also convey information and modify subsequent contest decisions. Individuals were exposed to a stronger or weaker conspecific through a glass or a mesh partition before a contest with a size‐matched naïve opponent. Individuals were expected to (a) assess themselves to have worse/better fighting ability and behave less/more aggressively after having interacted with a stronger/weaker conspecific and (b) display different degrees of behavioural modifications for the two partition treatments (mesh‐partition > glass‐partition). The results showed that interactions with a stronger/weaker conspecific through a glass partition did not have a strong effect on the fish's subsequent contest behaviour. Restricted physical interaction with a stronger/weaker conspecific through a mesh partition, however, had an unexpected effect, causing individuals to behave more/less aggressively (matching the behaviour of the conspecifics) and/or win more/fewer subsequent contests. These results indicate that contest resolution is important for the fish to exhibit the loser–winner effects (i.e. behaving less/more aggressively after having lost/won against a stronger/weaker conspecific) detected in previous studies of the fish. We propose and discuss the possibility that the “behavioural matching” of the mesh‐partition treatment results from unresolved physical interactions with a stronger/weaker conspecific causing the individuals to either anticipate stronger/weaker opponents in subsequent competitions or assess themselves to be an equally good/bad fighter as the conspecific. The results of previous studies and the present study of the fish show that pre‐exposing an individual to the same type of conspecifics could elicit diverse, sometimes opposite, behavioural responses depending on how the individual is permitted to interact with the conspecific.
A randomized controlled trial testing a decision support intervention for older patients with advanced kidney disease
Authors: Brown Leanne , Gardner Glenn , Bonner Ann 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a decision support intervention (OPTIONS) in facilitating the older person with advanced kidney disease to make a treatment choice.DesignPragmatic randomized controlled trial.MethodsPeople aged ≥70 years with advanced kidney disease (eGFR ≤20 ml/min/1.73m2) who had not made a decision about treatment options and who were not eligible for a kidney transplant were recruited between March 2015 and March 2016. Participants were randomly allocated to receive the OPTIONS (N = 16) or standard care (N = 21). OPTIONS is a 4‐week nurse‐delivered intervention. Primary outcomes were decision conflict and decision regret, the secondary outcomes were knowledge of risk and benefits of dialysis and health‐related quality of life. The usefulness of OPTIONS was also evaluated.ResultsThere were no differences between the intervention and standard care groups at baseline. At T1, there were no significant differences in decision conflict and decision regret although the intervention group had lower decisional conflict at T2. The decision support intervention was able to significantly improve the participants’ knowledge score in the intervention group. There were no observable differences between groups for health‐related quality of life physical and mental health component summary scores. OPTIONS was helpful in preparing participants in making a treatment decision.ConclusionOPTIONS, a decision support intervention, increased a person's knowledge of the benefits and risks of dialysis and can be used to facilitate shared decision‐making with older adults with advanced stages of kidney disease.ImpactStrategies to improve shared decision‐making between older people with advanced stages of kidney disease and their clinicians are crucial for patient autonomy in a population where this may not be common practice. The decision support intervention– OPTIONS demonstrated significant improvement in patient knowledge about different treatment pathways. OPTIONS provides a structured and evidence‐based approach to support shared decision‐making for this population.Trial RegistrationACTRN 12614001090606 Registered 14/10/2014.
Influence of various energy settings and overlap ratios on size and continuity of lesions in a laser balloon ablation in vitro model
Authors: Nagase Takahiko , Asano So , Yukino Midori , Mori Hitoshi , Goto Koji , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Iwanaga Shiro , Muramatsu Toshihiro , Mukaida Hisamitsu , Kato Ritsushi , Matsumoto Kazuo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe influence of power (Watt [W]) and total energy (Joule [J]) on lesion size and the optimal overlap ratio remain unclear in laser balloon (LB) ablation for atrial fibrillation. We aimed to evaluate lesion size and visible gaps after LB ablation with various energy settings and different overlap ratios in vitro model.Methods and ResultsChicken muscles were cauterized using the first‐generation LB with single applications of full and a half duration of six energy settings (5.5 W/30 seconds [165 J] to 12 W/20 seconds [240 J]) and varying power (5.5‐12 W) at the constant total energy (160 J). Three overlapped ablations with different ratios (25% and 50%) for each energy setting were also performed to evaluate the visible gap degree categorized from 1 (perfect) to 3 (poor). Twenty lesions were evaluated for each energy setting. In single applications of full duration, lesion depth, lesion volume, and maximum lesion diameter increased according to the total energy (all, P < .001) and were greater than in those of half duration in each energy setting (all, P < .05). However, applications with larger power created larger lesion volume and maximum lesion diameter at constant total energy (P < .05). The visible gap degree was better in all energy settings with 50% overlapped ablation than in those with 25% (all, P < .001).ConclusionLesion size depends not only on power but also on total energy in the LB ablation. Sufficiently overlapped ablations allow continuous lesion formation.
Adiposity measures and pre‐diabetes or diabetes in adults with hypertension in Singapore polyclinics
Authors: Wang Yeli , Shirore Rupesh M. , Ramakrishnan Chandrika , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Jafar Tazeen H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIdentification of hypertensive patients with pre‐diabetes or diabetes is important for timely prevention of complications including vascular disease. We aimed to compare the association and discrimination of central obesity measures (waist circumference [WC] and waist‐to‐height ratio [WHtR]) with generalized obesity measure (body mass index [BMI]) in relation to pre‐diabetes and diabetes among a group of Asian hypertensive patients for the first time. We used the baseline data of 925 subjects aged 40 years or older with uncontrolled hypertension recruited at eight primary care clinics in Singapore. Information on height, weight, WC, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was collected. Pre‐diabetes or diabetes was defined as having reported physician‐diagnosed diabetes or taking anti‐diabetes medication, fasting blood glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/dL or HbA1c ≥ 5.7%. Among 925 subjects, 495 (53.5%) had pre‐diabetes or diabetes. In logistic regression models, BMI was not associated with pre‐diabetes or diabetes after adjusting for WC or WHtR, while a positive association remained with both WC and WHtR after adjustment of BMI. Both WC and WHtR had significantly better discrimination than BMI (respective area under ROC curve: 0.63 for WC, 0.63 for WHtR, and 0.60 for BMI; P = 0.019), and adding WC or WHtR on top of BMI further correctly reclassified 42.7% and 38.7% hypertensive patients to the right risk group of pre‐diabetes or diabetes indicated by net reclassification improvement. However, WHtR was not superior to WC. In conclusion, our results suggested that central obesity has stronger association with and better discrimination for pre‐diabetes or diabetes than generalized obesity.
RDM1 promotes critical processes in breast cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Chen Yajun , Sun Zhengwang , Zhong Tianying 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is currently among the most common cancers in women, with almost 200,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Dysregulation of DNA repair pathways allows cells to accumulate damage and eventually mutations, with a subsequent reduction in DNA repair capacity in breast tissue, leading to tumorigenesis. One component of the DNA damage repair pathway is RAD52 motif‐containing 1 (RDM1), but the specific role of RDM1 in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we examined the role played by RDM1 in breast cancer cell culture using the HBL100 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines. Disruption of RDM1 reduced in vitro cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Knockdown of RDM1 also induced up‐regulation of p53 levels, whereas RAD51 and RAD52, both involved in DNA repair, were down‐regulated. In addition, the in vivo growth of RDM1‐deficient cells was significantly repressed, suggesting that RDM1 is a novel oncogenic protein in human breast cancer cells. This study reveals a link between the DNA damage response pathway and oncogenic functionality in breast cancer. Accordingly, therapeutic targeting of RDM1 is a potential treatment strategy for breast cancer and overcoming drug resistance.
Fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 1 stimulates Leydig cell regeneration from stem cells in male rats
Authors: Mo Jiaying , Chen Xiuxiu , Ni Chaobo , Wu Keyang , Li Xiaoheng , Zhu Qiqi , Ma Leika , Chen Yong , Zhang Song , Wang Yiyan , Lian Qingquan , Ge Ren‐Shan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFibroblast growth factor homologous factor 1 (FHF1) is an intracellular protein that does not bind to cell surface fibroblast growth factor receptor. Here, we report that FHF1 is abundantly present in Leydig cells with up‐regulation during its development. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with 75 mg/kg ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS) to ablate Leydig cells to initiate their regeneration. Then, rats daily received intratesticular injection of FHF1 (0, 10 and 100 ng/testis) from post‐EDS day 14 for 14 days. FHF1 increased serum testosterone levels without affecting the levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone. FHF1 increased the cell number staining with HSD11B1, a biomarker for Leydig cells at the advanced stage, without affecting the cell number staining with CYP11A1, a biomarker for all Leydig cells. FHF1 did not affect PCNA‐labelling index in Leydig cells. FHF1 increased Leydig cell mRNA (Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, Insl3, Nr5a1 and Hsd11b1) and their protein levels in vivo. FHF1 increased preadipocyte biomarker Dlk1 mRNA level and decreased fully differentiated adipocyte biomarker (Fabp4 and Lpl) mRNA and their protein levels. In conclusion, FHF1 promotes Leydig cell regeneration from stem cells while inhibiting the differentiation of preadipocyte/stem cells into adipocytes in EDS‐treated testis.
Sodium (±)‐5‐bromo‐2‐(α‐hydroxypentyl) benzoate ameliorates pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction through inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Wang Bo , Shen Deliang , Tang Junnan , Li Jing , Xiao Yue , Chen Xiuying , Cao Chang , Han Dongjian , Gao Erhe , Zhao Wen , Zhang Jinying , Chang Junbiao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSodium (±)‐5‐bromo‐2‐(a‐hydroxypentyl) benzoate (generic name: brozopine, BZP) has been reported to protect against stroke‐induced brain injury and was approved for Phase II clinical trials for treatment of stroke‐related brain damage by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). However, the role of BZP in cardiac diseases, especially in pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, remains to be investigated. In the present study, angiotensin II stimulation and transverse aortic constriction were employed to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo, respectively, prior to the assessment of myocardial cell autophagy. We observed that BZP administration ameliorated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and excessive autophagic activity. Further results indicated that AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐mediated activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway likely played a role in regulation of autophagy by BZP after Ang II stimulation. The activation of AMPK with metformin reversed the BZP‐induced suppression of autophagy. Finally, for the first time, we demonstrated that BZP could protect the heart from pressure overload‐induced hypertrophy and dysfunction, and this effect is associated with its inhibition of maladaptive cardiomyocyte autophagy through the AMPK‐mTOR signalling pathway. These findings indicated that BZP may serve as a promising compound for treatment of pressure overload‐induced cardiac remodelling and heart failure.
Ginkgolide B promotes osteoblast differentiation via activation of canonical Wnt signalling and alleviates osteoporosis through a bone anabolic way
Authors: Zhu Bin , Xue Feng , Zhang Changqing , Li Guangyi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis has become a worldwide problem as the population ages. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of osteoporosis in the past few years, the outcome are sometimes disturbing because of the adverse effects of these treatments. Further studies are still needed to identify novel alternate agents to improve the therapeutic effect. Ginkgolide B (GB), a derivative of Ginkgo biloba leaves, has numerous pharmacological effects, including anticancer and anti‐inflammation activities. However, the effect of GB on the regulation of osteoblast activity and bone formation effect has not yet been investigated. In this study, we showed the in vitro and in vivo effects of GB on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We found that GB promotes osteoblast differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) and MC3T3‐E1 cells in vitro in a Wnt/β‐catenin‐dependent manner. In an in vivo study, we constructed a cranial defect model in rats and treated with GB. Histomorphometric and histological analyses confirmed that the usage of GB significantly promotes bone formation. Further study on ovariectomy (OVX) rats demonstrated that GB is capable of alleviating ovariectomy‐induced bone loss by enhancing osteoblast activity. Our findings indicate that GB is a potential therapeutic agent of osteoporosis through an anabolic way in bone.
Interaction of sauger Sander canadensis and walleye Sander vitreus in a large, shallow northern river
Authors: Haxton Tim , Friday Mike 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the relative abundance of sauger Sander canadensis and walleye S. vitreus within the Rainy River using a standardized index netting technique; (2) assess the life‐history characteristics of the two species in a northern river; (3) examine the spatial distribution of the two species; (4) assess year‐class synchrony. At a larger scale, relative abundance of S. canadensis and S. vitreus were similar among sections of the river. However, at a finer scale, S. canadensis were the dominant species over more area (24%) of the river than S. vitreus (12%). Life‐history traits for both species were within the range reported for North American. Mortality rates were similar, suggesting that anglers were not affecting one species more than the other. Year‐class strengths were not synchronous between S. canadensis and S. vitreus (r = 0.07). There was evidence of S. canadensis potentially outcompeting S. vitreus with a strong year class of S. canadensis followed by a very weak class of S. vitreus. Additionally, S. canadensis were larger than S. vitreus in most sections of the river when adjusted for mean size. However, the potential interspecific competition was not to the exclusion of S. vitreus. Turbidity was probably the factor that enable S. canadensis to survive sympatrically with S. vitreus given their inability to segregate by depth within the river.
Management of Sleep Disorders in Community‐Dwelling Older Women and Men at the Time of Diagnosis
Authors: Pop Paula , Bronskill Susan E. , Piggott Katrina L. , Stall Nathan M. , Savage Rachel D. , Visentin Jessica D. , McCarthy Lisa M. , Giannakes Vasily , Wu Wei , Gruneir Andrea , Gatley Jodi M. , Rochon Paula A. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesSedative and hypnotic medications are associated with harm, and guidelines suggest limiting their use. Only limited evidence has described how older adults are managed following an initial sleep disorder diagnosis. We aimed to describe clinical management patterns of sleep disorders in older women and men at the time of initial diagnosis.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study using linked administrative databases.SettingOntario, Canada.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 66 and older, diagnosed with a new sleep disorder by a primary care provider (n = 30 729; 56% women and 44% men). We compared women and men for each outcome.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was prescription of a medication used for sleep within 30 days of a new sleep disorder diagnosis. Additional analysis included medical investigations such as sleep studies and visits to specialists who manage obstructive sleep disorders within 90 days of diagnosis.ResultsAmong the 30 729 older adults with a new sleep disorder diagnosis, 5512 (17.9% total; 18.8% of women and 16.9% of men) were prescribed a medication used for sleep. Compared with men, women were somewhat more likely to be prescribed at least one sedative medication (adjusted odds ratio = 1.09; 95% confidence interval = 1.03‐1.16). A total of 2573 (8.4%) older adults underwent a sleep study, and 3743 (12.2%) were evaluated by a specialist; both occurred more commonly in men.ConclusionIn our cohort, almost 1 in 5 older adults with a new sleep disorder diagnosis were prescribed a medication used for sleep; of these, a higher proportion were women. Comparatively few older adults were further evaluated; of these, a higher proportion were men. Our study highlights the high rates at which medications are prescribed to older adults with a new sleep disorder diagnosis and identifies potential sex differences in the management of such diagnoses. J Am Geriatr Soc 1–8, 2019. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2094–2101, 2019
“I Don't Know How People on Minimum Wage Make it”: The Semiotic Scaling of Political Crisis and Emotions in Venezuela
Authors: Rodríguez Juan Luis 
Published: June 2019

ResumenA finales del año 2016 la moneda venezolana comenzó a depreciarse aceleradamente. Los venezolanos de clase media y trabajadora vieron esto como una señal de altos índices de inflación para el mes de diciembre y para el año 2017. Durante este periodo, ejercicios comunicativos de comparación y escala tomaron lugar central en muchas conversaciones de la vida diaria. En este articulo argumento que tales ejercicios constituyen un registro contextual usado para codificar sentimientos de ansiedad, rabia y desesperación de cara a un desastre económico inevitable. Este registro ayuda a los Venezolanos a articular una disposición cambiante acerca de la política y la economía. Este también ayuda a la gente a comunicar estos afectos los unos a los otros. Las comparaciones y la escala se han vuelto un instrumento no para discutir meros hechos y datos sobre la crisis sino para comunicar el desespero y rabia que esta produce. [Economía, política, Venezuela]