bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assistive sleeping bag for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Biswas Tuser Tirtha , Infirri Rosalinda Sardo , Hagman Susanna , Berglin Lena 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChildren suffering from autism spectrum disorder are often reported to encounter sleeping disorder several causes such as hypersensitivity as result of irregular brain and muscle functions. Disturbance in sleep affects not only their health but also daytime activities including the risk of other cognitive and behavioral impairments. Such hindrance in sleep have been demonstrated to treat therapeutically by measures like application of deep pressure touch and full body vibration which can be beneficially integrated into the sleeping environment such as on the textile-based platform around the bed. With such a vision, this pilot design project aimed to develop a smart textile based sleeping bag incorporated with sensors to detect awakening stage of the child and thereby actuating stimuli for assuaging the child to fall asleep. To serve the purpose, a micro-controllable body movement detection sensor, based on conductive yarns connected to a vibrating motor was prosperously embedded at the interior of the sleeping bag along with weighted slots to exert deep touch and soothing sensation in the form of wearable technology.
A study on the design improvement of protective footwear for firefighters
Authors: Kang Minyoung , Lee Sunhee 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, protective footwear for firefighters in Korea was evaluated. Based on the results of wearing evaluation, three types of new designs of firefighting protective footwear were developed: prototypes I, I and II. The prototypes with improved designs were evaluated by wear trails and design preference. Surveys on wearing and design preference of firefighting protective footwear, led to suggestions for designs elements of protective footwear. Firstly, the combination of laces and buckle was suggested for the closure. Secondly, the footwear material suggested was artificial leather with excellent waterproof and ventilation standards. In addition, retro-reflective and fluorescent materials and various colors were suggested for visibility. Thirdly, appearance designs were suggested in three categories: figure, line, and arrangement. Based on the design suggestions, prototypes with improved designs were made. An evaluation was conducted wearing the prototypes with improved designs. All prototypes were found to satisfy more than half of the design and wearing evaluation categories.
Precision medicine becomes reality—tumor type‐agnostic therapy
Authors: Yan Li , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrecision medicine just witnessed two breakthroughs in oncology in 2017. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), Merck's anti‐programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) monoclonal antibody (mAb), received accelerated approval in May 2017 by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic solid tumors that have been identified as having microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) or deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR). Shortly after, nivolumab (Opdivo), Bristol‐Myers Squibb's anti‐PD‐1 mAb, gained an accelerated approval in August 2017 for adult and pediatric patients with MSI‐H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed after standard chemotherapy. These regulatory approvals marked an important milestone that a cancer treatment may be approved based on a common biomarker rather than the anatomic location in the body where the tumor originated, and therefore established a precedent for tumor type‐agnostic therapy. In the 2017 American Society for Clinical Oncology annual meeting, larotrectinib (LOXO‐101), Loxooncology's oral, potent, and selective inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK), demonstrated unprecedented efficacy on unresectable or metastatic solid tumors with neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK)‐fusion proteins in adult and pediatric patients. Both the anti‐PD‐1 mAbs and the TRK‐targeting therapies share some basic features: (a) biomarker‐based, well‐defined rare patient population; (b) exceptionally high clinical efficacy, e.g., near 40% overall response rate (ORR) for pembrolizumab across 15 tumor types with MSI‐H/dMMR and 75% ORR for larotrectinib across more than 12 tumor types with NTRK‐fusion proteins; (c) durable responses lasting at least 6 months with complete responses observed; and (d) parallel development in adult and pediatric populations. With increasing accessibility to genetic analysis tools such as next‐generation sequencing, tumor type‐agnostic therapy has become a reality, both during clinical development and in clinical practice. Adjustments in our approaches to developing new anti‐cancer drugs and to adopting these new cancer treatments in clinical practice need to occur in order to prepare ourselves for the new era of precision medicine.
Checking procalcitonin suitability for prognosis and antimicrobial therapy monitoring in burn patients
Authors: Cabral Luís , Afreixo Vera , Meireles Rita , Vaz Miguel , Chaves Catarina , Caetano Marisa , Almeida Luís , Paiva José Artur 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Due to greater infection susceptibility, sepsis is the main cause of death in burn patients. Quick diagnosis and patient stratification, early and appropriated antimicrobial therapy, and focus control are crucial for patients’ survival. On the other hand, superfluous extension of therapy is associated with adverse events and arousal of microbial resistance. The use of biomarkers, necessarily coupled with close clinical examination, may predict outcomes, stratifying patients who need more intensive care, and monitor the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy, allowing faster de-escalation or stop, reducing the development of resistance and possibly the financial burden, without increasing mortality. The aim of this work is to check the suitability of procalcitonin (PCT) to fulfill these goals in a large sample of septic burn patients.

Methods
One hundred and one patients, with 15% or more of total body surface area (TBSA) burned, admitted from January 2011 to December 2014 at Coimbra Burns Unit (CBU), in Portugal were included in the sample. All patients had a diagnosis of sepsis, according to the American Burn Association (ABA) criteria. The sample was factored by survival (68 survivors and 33 non-survivors). The maximum value of PCT in each day was used for statistical analysis. Data were summarized by location measures (mean, median, minimum, maximum, quartiles) and dispersion measures (standard error and range measures). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS© 23.0 IBM© for Windows©.

Results
There were statistically significant differences between PCT levels of patients from the survivor and non-survivor groups during the first and the last weeks of hospitalization as well as during the first week after sepsis suspicion, being slightly higher during this period. During the first 7 days of antimicrobial therapy, PCT was always higher in the non-survivor, still without reaching statistical significance, but when the analysis was extended till the 15th day, PCT increased significantly, rapidly, and steadily, denouncing therapy failure.

Conclusion
Despite being not an ideal biomarker, PCT proved to have good prognostic power in septic burn patients, paralleling the evolution of the infectious process and reflecting the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy, and the inclusion of its serial dosing may be advised to reinforce antimicrobial stewardship programs at burn units; meanwhile, more accurate approaches are not available.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound
Authors: Kruisselbrink Richelle , Gharapetian Angineh , Chaparro Luis E. , Ami Noam , Richler Dustin , Chan Vincent W. S. , Perlas Anahi 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents is associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have investigated the validity, reliability, and possible clinical impact of gastric ultrasound for the assessment of gastric content at the bedside. In the present study, we examined the accuracy (evaluated as sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios) of point-of-care gastric ultrasound to detect a “full stomach” in a simulated scenario of clinical equipoise.

METHODS:
After a minimum fasting period of 8 hours, 40 healthy volunteers were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either remain fasted or ingest a standardized quantity of clear fluid or solid. Each subject was randomized twice on 2 independent study sessions at least 24 hours apart. A gastric ultrasound examination was performed by a blinded sonographer following a standardized scanning protocol. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative findings, the result was summarized in a dichotomous manner as positive (any solid or >1.5 mL/kg of clear fluid) or negative (no solid and ≤1.5 mL/kg of clear fluid) for full stomach.

RESULTS:
Data from 80 study sessions were analyzed. In this simulated clinical scenario with a pretest probability of 50%, point-of-care gastric ultrasound had a sensitivity of 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.925–1.0), a specificity of 0.975 (95% CI, 0.95–1.0), a positive likelihood ratio of 40.0 (95% CI, 10.33–∞), a negative likelihood ratio of 0 (95% CI, 0–0.072), a positive predictive value of 0.976 (95% CI, 0.878–1.0), and a negative predictive value of 1.0 (95% CI, 0.92–1.0).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that bedside gastric ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific to detect or rule out a full stomach in clinical scenarios in which the presence of gastric content is uncertain.
Maternal immunization increases nestling energy expenditure, immune function, and fledging success in a passerine bird
Authors: Burness Gary , Moher Deanna , Ben-Ezra Noah , Kelly Ryan J. , Hasselquist Dennis , Chin Eunice H. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTFemale birds transfer maternally derived antibodies (matAb) to their nestlings, via the egg yolk. These antibodies are thought to provide passive protection, and allow nestlings to avoid the costs associated with mounting an innate immune response. To test whether there is an energetic benefit to nestlings from receiving matAb, we challenged adult female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) prior to clutch initiation with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline (Control). Following hatching, one half of each female's nestlings were immunized on day 8 post-hatch with LPS or saline, and the 4-h post-immunization nestling metabolic rate (MR) was measured. There was no difference in either LPS-reactive antibodies or total Ig levels between offspring of immunized and non-immunized mothers on day 6 or 14 post-hatch, possibly reflecting a relatively short half-life of matAbs in altricial birds. Additionally, we found no evidence that nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers could avoid the growth suppression that may result from activation of an inflammatory response. Unexpectedly, we found that control nestlings from LPS mothers had higher resting MR than control nestlings of control mothers. We attribute the increased MR to the costs associated with a general non-specific enhancement of immune function in nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers. Consistent with enhanced immune function, nestlings of immunized mothers had a more robust inflammatory response to phytohaemagglutinin and higher fledging success. Our results suggest that maternal antigen exposure pre-laying can result in increased fitness for both mothers and offspring, depending on food availability.
Dynamics of cortical domains in early Drosophila development
Authors: Schmidt Anja , Grosshans Jörg 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Underlying the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is an actin cortex that includes actin filaments and associated proteins. A special feature of all polarized and epithelial cells are cortical domains, each of which is characterized by specific sets of proteins. Typically, an epithelial cell contains apical, subapical, lateral and basal domains. The domain-specific protein sets contain evolutionarily conserved proteins, as well as cell-type-specific factors. Among the conserved proteins are, the Par proteins, Crumbs complex and the lateral proteins Scribbled and Discs large 1. Organization of the plasma membrane into cortical domains is dynamic and depends on cell type, differentiation and developmental stage. The dynamics of cortical organization is strikingly visible in early Drosophila embryos, which increase the number of distinct cortical domains from one, during the pre-blastoderm stage, to two in syncytial blastoderm embryos, before finally acquiring the four domains that are typical for epithelial cells during cellularization. In this Review, we will describe the dynamics of cortical organization in early Drosophila embryos and discuss the processes and mechanisms underlying cortical remodeling.
A new research paradigm for bivariate allometry: combining ANOVA and non-linear regression
Authors: Packard Gary C. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTA novel statistical routine is presented here for exploring and comparing patterns of allometric variation in two or more groups of subjects. The routine combines elements of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with non-linear regression to achieve the equivalent of an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on curvilinear data. The starting point is a three-parameter power equation to which a categorical variable has been added to identify membership by each subject in a specific group or treatment. The protocol differs from earlier ones in that different assumptions can be made about the form for random error in the full statistical model (i.e. normal and homoscedastic, normal and heteroscedastic, lognormal and heteroscedastic). The general equation and several modifications thereof were used to study allometric variation in field metabolic rates of marsupial and placental mammals. The allometric equations for both marsupials and placentals have an explicit, non-zero intercept, but the allometric exponent is higher in the equation for placentals than in that for marsupials. The approach followed here is extraordinarily versatile, and it has wider application in allometry than standard ANCOVA performed on logarithmic transformations.
Normal tissue damage: its importance, history and challenges for the future
Authors: Williams Jacqueline P , Newhauser Wayne 
Published: April 2018

Sir Oliver Scott, a philanthropist and radiation biologist and, therefore, the epitome of a gentleman and a scholar, was an early Director of the BECC Radiobiology Research Unit at Mount Vernon. His tenure preceded that of Jack Fowler, with both contributing to basic, translational and clinical thought and application in radiation across the globe. With respect to this review, Fowler’s name in particular has remained synonymous with the use of models, both animal and mathematical, that assess and quantify the biological mechanisms that underlie radiation-associated normal tissue toxicities. An understanding of these effects is critical to the optimal use of radiation therapy in the clinic; however, the role that basic sciences play in clinical practice has been undergoing considerable change in recent years, particularly in the USA, where there has been a growing emphasis on engineering and imaging to improve radiation delivery, with empirical observations of clinical outcome taking the place of models underpinned by evidence from basic science experiments. In honour of Scott and Fowler’s work, we have taken this opportunity to review how our respective fields of radiation biology and radiation physics have intertwined over the years, affecting the clinical use of radiation with respect to normal tissue outcomes. We discuss the past and current achievements, with the hope of encouraging a revived interest in physics and biology as they relate to radiation oncology practice, since, like Scott and Fowler, we share the goal of improving the future outlook for cancer patients.
An Economic Analysis of Customer Co-design
Authors: Basu Amit , Bhaskaran Sreekumar 
Published: April 2018

A key barrier to companies successfully engaging customers in the design of new products is customers fearing that they will be forced to pay much more for the custom products they help design. This fear is justified by the fact that once the customer has invested significant time and effort in co-designing a product, the firm can extract the entire consumer surplus through higher prices. At the same time, the firm allowing its customers to co-design products would be unlikely to commit to a price up front before knowing the complete design of the custom product, since it would then face a significant risk of losing money. In this paper, we develop analytical models for this problem, and show how a firm can motivate its customers to engage in co-design. We also show how offering co-design can impact the firm’s product (line) strategies and the quality of its products, including motivating the firm to increase the quality of its standard product, sometimes even beyond the efficient quality level. The effect of market and firm characteristics on the value of engaging customers in the co-design process is also examined. In addition, we analyze the effects of (a) information asymmetry about the firm’s co-design capability, and (b) competition, on the firm’s decisions regarding co-design. These results provide valuable insights for managers considering investment in technology to support customer co-design. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0729 .
Scheduling Promotion Vehicles to Boost Profits
Authors: Baardman Lennart , Cohen Maxime C. , Panchamgam Kiran , Perakis Georgia , Segev Danny 
Published: April 2018

In addition to setting price discounts, retailers need to decide how to schedule promotion vehicles, such as flyers and TV commercials. Unlike the promotion pricing problem that received great attention from both academics and practitioners, the promotion vehicle scheduling problem was largely overlooked, and our goal is to study this problem both theoretically and in practice. We model the problem of scheduling promotion vehicles to maximize profits as a nonlinear bipartite matching-type problem, where promotion vehicles should be assigned to time periods, subject to capacity constraints. Our modeling approach is motivated and calibrated using actual data in collaboration with Oracle Retail, leading us to introduce and study a class of models for which the boost effects of promotion vehicles on demand are multiplicative. From a technical perspective, we prove that the general setting considered is computationally intractable. Nevertheless, we develop approximation algorithms and propose a compact integer programming formulation. In particular, we show how to obtain a (1 − ε)-approximation using an integer program of polynomial size, and investigate the performance of a greedy procedure, both analytically and computationally. We also discuss an extension that includes cross-term effects to capture the cannibalization aspect of using several vehicles simultaneously. From a practical perspective, we test our methods on actual data through a case study, and quantify the impact of our models. Under our model assumptions and for a particular item considered in our case study, we show that a rigorous optimization approach to the promotion vehicle scheduling problem allows the retailer to increase its profit by 2% to 9%. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2926 . This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Norm Uncertainty and Voluntary Payments in the Field
Authors: Feldhaus Christoph , Sobotta Tassilo , Werner Peter 
Published: April 2018

We investigate behavioral reactions toward exogenous changes of implicit norm-relevant information in a natural field setting where customers are free to choose if and how much to pay for a service. Customers’ voluntary payments are significantly affected by subtle information cues: cues that signal a high rather than a low payment norm increase payments by some 27%. Consistent with the conjecture that this effect is in large part driven by customers’ uncertainty about the actual norm, responses are mitigated when explicit norm-relevant information is provided. Additional treatments suggest that the reactions to the cues are not driven by mere saliency but by the information deduced from the cues in the presence of uncertainty. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2937 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Mengenentsäuerung – Verfahrensvalidierung, Evaluierung und Qualitätssicherung. Neue Einsichten und bleibende Fragen
Authors: Allscher Thorsten , Ceynowa Irmhild 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag erläutert die chemischen und papiertechnologischen Zusammenhänge, die bei der Bewertung von Methoden und Verfahren zur Mengenentsäuerung zu berücksichtigen sind. Danach werden unter Bezugnahme auf die aktuelle Normung die Herausforderungen der Qualitätssicherung von Papierentsäuerung dargestellt. Es wird gezeigt, dass nach 25 Jahren Massenentsäuerung in Deutschland zwar deutliche Fortschritte in der Bewertung der Qualitätskriterien erreicht werden konnten, jedoch ebenso noch weiterer signifikanter Forschungsbedarf besteht.
In Kontext setzen: Bericht zur Basiserschließung und Restaurierung von Handschriften- und Druckfragmenten an der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
Authors: Tömösvári Emese , Ripplinger Cornelia 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen eines vom Niedersächsischen Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur (MWK) geförderten Restaurierungsprojekts werden an der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen in der Zeit von September 2017 bis einschließlich Februar 2018 für zwei Teilsammlungen aus dem Fragmentebestand der Abteilung Spezialsammlungen und Bestandserhaltung Dokumentations- und Restaurierungsmaßnahmen durchgeführt.

https://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/projekte-forschung/projektdetails/projekt/restaurierung-von-5300-mittelalterlichen-und-fruehneuzeitlichen-handschriftenfragmenten/ [Zugriff: 12.02.2018].
Durch die Restaurierung wird die langfristige Aufbewahrung sichergestellt und sowohl die spätere Digitalisierung als auch die analoge Nutzung ermöglicht. Gleichzeitig können wertvolle Informationen zur Sammlungsgeschichte gewonnen werden, von denen weitere laufende Erschließungsprojekte der SUB Göttingen profitieren können.
Free Vibration Of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composite Annular Sector Plate With General Boundary Supports
Authors: Pang Fuzhen , Li Haichao , Du Yuan , Shan Yanhe , Ji Fang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper, an efficient and unified approach for free vibration analysis of the moderately thick functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite annular sector plate with general boundary supports is presented by using the Ritz method and the first-order shear deformation theory. For the distribution of the carbon nanotubes in thickness direction, it may be uniform or functionally graded. Properties of the composite media are based on a refined rule of the mixture approach which contains the efficiency parameters. A modified Fourier series is chosen as the basic function of the admissible function to eliminate all the relevant discontinuities of the displacements and their derivatives at the edges. To establish the general boundary supports of the annular sector plate, the artificial spring boundary technique is implemented at all edges. The desired solutions are obtained through the Ritz-variational energy method. Some numerical examples are considered to check the accuracy, convergence and reliability of the present method. In addition, the parameter studies of the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite annular sector plate are carried out as well.