bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasonographic features related to histopathology of the uterine endometrial‐myometrial junctional zone
Authors: Rasmussen Christina Kjaergaard , Hansen Estrid Staehr , Dueholm Margit 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to correlate junctional zone thickening and irregularity (junctional zone disease) and other ultrasonographic features of adenomyosis with the histopathology of the endometrial‐myometrial junctional zone.Material and methodsConsecutively enrolled premenopausal women (n = 110) scheduled for hysterectomy or transcervical endometrial resection due to abnormal uterine bleeding and/or menstrual pain, underwent two‐ and three‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography on the day of surgery with the observer blinded to previous diagnosis. Junctional zone maximum thickness (JZmax), junctional zone maximum irregularity (JZdif) and ultrasonographic characteristics of adenomyosis were compared with histopathology of the junctional zone defined as (1) adenomyosis of the inner myometrium, ≥2 mm myometrial invasion without contact to the basal endometrium, (2) serrated junctional zone, >3 mm myometrial invasion with contact to the basal endometrium or (3) linear junctional zone, no or marginal myometrial invasion ≤3 mm with contact to the basal endometrium.ResultsAdenomyosis of the inner myometrium, serrated junctional zone and linear junctional zone was present in 29%, 35% and 35% of the women, respectively. Median JZmax and median JZdif expanded from linear junctional zone (8.5 and 3.3 mm) to serrated junctional zone (10.1 and 4.1 mm) to adenomyosis of the inner myometrium (14.6 and 9.2 mm) (P < 0.05). In addition, the median number of characteristic adenomyosis‐like ultrasonographic features increased from the linear junctional zone to the serrated junctional zone to adenomyosis of the inner myometrium (P < 0.05).ConclusionsA slightly thickened and/or irregular junctional zone corresponds to a histopathologically defined serrated junctional zone. This study emphasizes three distinct appearances of the junctional zone: adenomyosis of the inner myometrium, junctional zone disease (serrated junctional zone) and linear junctional zone. This classification may be useful in future clinical studies.
Socioeconomic Inequality and the Developing Brain: Spotlight on Language and Executive Function
Authors: Merz Emily C. , Wiltshire Cynthia A. , Noble Kimberly G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRobust evidence of the deleterious effects of poverty on children's academic achievement has generated considerable interest in the neural mechanisms underlying these associations. In studies of specific neurocognitive skills, researchers have found pronounced socioeconomic disparities in children's language and executive function (EF) skills. In this article, we review research linking socioeconomic factors (e.g., family income, parental education) with children's brain structure and function, focusing on the neural systems involved in language and EF. Then, we cover the potential mediators of these associations, developmental timing, and strategies for prevention and intervention. To complement research at the behavioral level, we conclude with recommendations for integrating measures of the developing brain into this ongoing work.
Host MyD88 signaling protects against acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Xing S , Zhang X , Liu J H , Huang X , Zhou P 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Recent experimental strategies to reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have focused largely on modifying innate immunity. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-driven myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-dependent signalling pathways that initiate adaptive immune function are also critical for the pathogenesis of GVHD. This study aimed to delineate the role of host MyD88 in the development of acute GVHD following fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). When myeloablated BALB/c MyD88 knock-out recipients were transplanted with C57BL/6 (B6) donor cells, they developed significantly more severe GVHD than wild-type (WT) BALB/c hosts. The increased morbidity and mortality in MyD88–/– mice correlated with increased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and elevated inflammatory cytokines in GVHD target organs. Additionally, MyD88 deficiency in BMT recipients led to increased donor T cell expansion and more donor CD11c+ cell intestinal infiltration with apoptotic cells but reduced proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells compared with that in WT BMT recipients. Decreased expression of tight junction mRNA in epithelial cells of MyD88–/– mice suggested that MyD88 contributes to intestinal integrity. Cox-2 expression in the GVHD-targeted organs of WT mice is increased upon GVHD induction, but this enhanced expression was obviously inhibited by MyD88 deficiency. The present findings demonstrate an unexpected role for host MyD88 in preventing GVHD after allogeneic BMT.
Challenges of next‐generation sequencing in conservation management: Insights from long‐term monitoring of corridor effects on the genetic diversity of mouse lemurs in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Montero B. Karina , Refaly Ernest , Ramanamanjato Jean‐Baptiste , Randriatafika Faly , Rakotondranary S. Jacques , Wilhelm Kerstin , Ganzhorn Jörg U. , Sommer Simone 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLong‐term genetic monitoring of populations is essential for efforts aimed at preserving genetic diversity of endangered species. Here, we employ a framework of long‐term genetic monitoring to evaluate the effects of fragmentation and the effectiveness of the establishment of corridors in restoring population connectivity and genetic diversity of mouse lemurs Microcebus ganzhorni. To this end, we supplement estimates of neutral genetic diversity with the assessment of adaptive genetic variability of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In addition, we address the challenges of long‐term genetic monitoring of functional diversity by comparing the genotyping performance and estimates of MHC variability generated by single‐stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP)/Sanger sequencing with those obtained by high‐throughput sequencing (next‐generation sequencing [NGS], Illumina), an issue that is particularly relevant when previous work serves as a baseline for planning management strategies that aim to ensure the viability of a population. We report that SSCP greatly underestimates individual diversity and that discrepancies in estimates of MHC diversity attributable to the comparisons of traditional and NGS genotyping techniques can influence the conclusions drawn from conservation management scenarios. Evidence of migration among fragments in Mandena suggests that mouse lemurs are robust to the process of fragmentation and that the effect of corridors is masked by ongoing gene flow. Nonetheless, results based on a larger number of shared private alleles at neutral loci between fragment pairs found after the establishment of corridors in Mandena suggest that gene flow is augmented as a result of enhanced connectivity. Our data point out that despite low effective population size, M. ganzhorni maintains high individual heterozygosity at neutral loci and at MHC II DRB gene and that selection plays a predominant role in maintaining MHC diversity. These findings highlight the importance of long‐term genetic monitoring in order to disentangle between the processes of drift and selection maintaining adaptive genetic diversity in small populations.
Drebrin 1 in dendritic cells regulates phagocytosis and cell surface receptor expression through recycling for efficient antigen presentation
Authors: Elizondo Diana M. , Andargie Temesgen E. , Haddock Naomi L. , Boddie Thomas A. , Lipscomb Michael W. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryPhagocytosis, macropinocytosis and antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DC) requires reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Drebrin (Dbn1) is an actin binding and stabilizing protein with roles in endocytosis, formation of dendrite spines in neurons and coordinating cell–cell synapses in immune cells. However, its role in DC phagocytosis and antigen presentation is unknown. These studies now report that silencing of Dbn1 in DC resulted in restrained cell surface display of receptors, most notably MHC class I and II and co‐stimulatory molecules. This, as expected, resulted in impaired antigen‐specific T‐cell activation and proliferation. Studies additionally revealed that knockdown of Dbn1 in DC impaired macropinocytosis and phagocytosis. However, there was a concomitant increase in fluid‐phase uptake, suggesting that Dbn1 is responsible for the differential control of macropinocytosis versus micropinocytosis activities. Taken together, these findings now reveal that Dbn1 plays a major role in coordinating the actin cytoskeletal activities responsible for antigen presentation in DC.
PML‐RARα interferes with erythropoiesis by repressing LMO2 in acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Authors: Yang Xianwen , Tan Yun , Wang Ping , Zhang Hui , Zhao Ming , Zhao Xujie , Wang Kankan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe PML‐RARα fusion gene, generated by the t(15;17) chromosome translocation, is regarded as the initiating factor of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). In addition to the well‐known effects on blocking myeloid differentiation at the promyelocytic stage, promyelocytic leukaemia‐retinoic acid receptor α (PML‐RARα) has also been reported to interfere with multiple differentiation processes, including erythroid differentiation. However, the detailed molecular mechanism by which PML‐RARα impairs erythropoiesis has not yet been fully addressed. By chromatin immunoprecipitation‐PCR assay, we found that PML‐RARα bound to the distal promoter region of LMO2 (LIM‐only protein 2), a critical erythroid‐specific transcription factor. Luciferase reporter assays and qRT‐PCR results demonstrated that PML‐RARα down‐regulated the expression of the LMO2 distal transcript through transrepressing its promoter activity. Analysis of gene expression profiling data from large cohorts of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients confirmed that LMO2 expressed at a markedly lower level in APL patients in comparison to non‐APL AML patients. Further flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that PML‐RARα inhibited erythropoietin‐induced erythroid differentiation by down‐regulating LMO2 expression. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified mechanism, by which PML‐RARα interferes with erythropoiesis through directly targeting and transrepressing LMO2 expression in the development of APL.
Cardioprotective effects of the novel curcumin analogue C66 in diabetic mice is dependent on JNK2 inactivation
Authors: Li Cheng , Miao Xiao , Lou Yan , Lu Zhengyang , Adhikari Binay Kumar , Wang Yangwei , Liu Quan , Sun Jian , Wang Yonggang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimDiabetic cardiomyopathy is an independent cardiac injury that can develop in diabetic individuals. Our previous study showed that C66, a curcumin analogue, protects against diabetes‐induced cardiac damage. The present study sought to reveal the underlying mechanisms of C66‐mediated cardioprotection.MethodsAn experimental diabetic model was established using JNK2−/− and wild‐type (WT) mice. C66 (5 mg/kg) was administered orally every other day for 3 months. Body weight, plasma glucose levels, cardiac function, and structure were measured. Masson trichrome and TUNEL staining were used to assess myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, respectively. mRNA and protein levels of inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis molecules were measured by quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively.ResultsNeither C66 treatment nor JNK2 knockout affected body weight or plasma glucose levels. Cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were increased in WT diabetic compared to WT control mice, all of which were attenuated by C66 treatment. However, these pathological and molecular changes induced by diabetes were eliminated in JNK2−/− diabetic mice compared to JNK2−/− control mice, and C66 treatment did not further affect these parameters in JNK2−/− diabetic mice.ConclusionsOur results indicate that C66 ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting JNK2 relative pathways.
Annual Research Review: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder late birthdate effect common in both high and low prescribing international jurisdictions: a systematic review
Authors: Whitely Martin , Raven Melissa , Timimi Sami , Jureidini Jon , Phillimore John , Leo Jonathan , Moncrieff Joanna , Landman Patrick 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMultiple studies have found that the youngest children in a classroom are at elevated risk of being diagnosed with, or medicated for, ADHD. This systematic review was conducted to investigate whether this late birthdate effect is the norm and whether the strength of effect is related to the absolute risk of being diagnosed/medicated.MethodsA literature search of the PubMed and ERIC databases and snowball and grey literature searching were conducted.ResultsA total of 19 studies in 13 countries covering over 15.4 million children investigating this relationship were identified. Three other studies exploring related topics were identified. The diversity of methodologies prevented a meta‐analysis. Instead a systematic review of the 22 studies was conducted.A total of 17 of the 19 studies found that the youngest children in a school year were considerably more likely to be diagnosed and/or medicated than their older classmates. Two Danish studies found either a weak or no late birth date effect. There was no consistent relationship between per‐capita diagnosis or medication rates and the strength of the relative age effect, with strong effects reported in most jurisdictions with comparatively low rates.ConclusionsIt is the norm internationally for the youngest children in a classroom to be at increased risk of being medicated for ADHD, even in jurisdictions with relatively low prescribing rates. A lack of a strong effect in Denmark may be accounted for by the common practice of academic ‘redshirting’, where children judged by parents as immature have a delayed school start. Redshirting may prevent and/or disguise late birthdate effects and further research is warranted. The evidence of strong late birthdate effects in jurisdictions with comparatively low diagnosis/medication rates challenges the notion that low rates indicate sound diagnostic practices.
Perspectives of online surveys in dermatology
Authors: Arafa A.E. , Anzengruber F. , Mostafa A.M. , Navarini A.A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe striking rise in the Internet utilization worldwide has led to major changes in the methods of data collection and processing. Online surveying has been used to assess different health services, explore patients’ perceptions and measure interventions. The discipline of dermatology is one of the fields that gained benefits from surveying patients and dermatologists online; however, some disadvantages such as the low response rate and participation bias were suggested. This review summarizes the applications of online surveying in dermatology and discusses the methods of enhancing response to online surveys. It also offers a guide for dermatologists to formulate their online surveys and avoid the possibility of bias. The role of social network in data collection and the concerns about anonymity and data security have been discussed.
Logics, Leaders, Lab Coats: A Multi‐Level Study on How Institutional Logics are Linked to Entrepreneurial Intentions in Academia
Authors: Klingbeil Caren , Semrau Thorsten , Ebers Mark , Wilhelm Hendrik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSituated in the context of academia, this study integrates ideas from institutional theory, person‐environment fit theory and leadership research to conceptualize and examine the cross‐level link between the organizational‐level institutional logic of research commercialization and the entrepreneurial intentions of researchers. Multi‐level analyses based on a sample of 254 researchers working for 85 research group leaders in 49 German research institutes reveal that two distinct attributes of research group leaders – that is, their track records of entrepreneurial behaviour and their entrepreneurial intentions – play a significant role in transmitting the organizational‐level logic to the individual level. We also observe a complementary interaction between organizational‐level commercialization logic and the entrepreneurial track records of leaders. We discuss how these findings advance our understanding of science commercialization through academic entrepreneurship and how they inform institutional theory and theory development in other domains of entrepreneurship research.
Changes in daily manifestations of Openness to Experience during intensive cognitive‐behavioral treatment
Authors: Forgeard Marie , Herzhoff Kathrin , Jayawickreme Eranda , Tsukayama Eli , Beard Courtney , Björgvinsson Thröstur 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveResearch examining relationships between trait Openness to Experience, psychopathology, and well‐being has produced contradictory findings. Examining temporary manifestations of Openness may provide further insight into the interplay between Openness and symptoms in clinical populations.MethodThe present study validated a brief new measure to assess daily Openness in 271 adults (Mage = 34 years, 52% women, 83% White) taking part in 7 days of intensive treatment for acute psychopathology. Participants also completed a daily measure of depressive symptoms.ResultsParticipants overall experienced a significant but small increase in daily Openness during treatment. Two latent classes best characterized initial levels and trajectories of Openness in this sample: medium/increase (86% of sample) and low/decrease (14%). Daily Openness negatively related to depressive symptoms over the entire course of treatment and at the daily level. Daily Openness, however, did not predict depressive symptoms from one day to the next (or vice versa).ConclusionsResults of this study contribute to the scientific understanding of positive personality change during challenging life circumstances. Future research could examine whether targeting Openness as part of treatment holds clinical value. Findings are limited by this study’s short time frame and the lack of ethnoracial diversity in this sample.
Ethical conflict and moral distress in veterinary practice: A survey of North American veterinarians
Authors: Moses Lisa , Malowney Monica J. , Wesley Boyd Jon 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundConcerns about ethical conflicts, moral distress, and burnout in veterinary practice are steadily increasing. Root causes of these problems have not been rigorously identified. Little research has been done to evaluate the existence of moral distress in North American veterinarians or to explore its impact on career sustainability and poor well‐being.Hypothesis/ObjectivesEthical conflict and resultant moral distress are common occurrences in contemporary veterinary practice and negatively impact daily practice life, but may not be identified or labeled by veterinarians as such.AnimalsNo animals were used in this study.MethodsMixed methods sequential explanatory design; confidential and anonymous on‐line sampling of 889 veterinarians in North America.ResultsA majority of respondents reported feeling conflict over what care is appropriate to provide. Over 70% of respondents felt that the obstacles they faced that prevented them from providing appropriate care caused them or their staff moderate to severe distress. Seventy‐nine percent of participants report being asked to provide care that they consider futile. More than 70% of participants reported no training in conflict resolution or self‐care.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVeterinarians report widespread ethical conflict and moral distress across many practice types and demographics. Most veterinarians have little to no training on how to decrease the impact of these problems. Ethical conflict and resulting moral distress may be an important source of stress and poor well‐being that is not widely recognized or well defined. Well‐researched and effective tools used to decrease moral distress in human healthcare could be adapted to ameliorate this problem.
A note on “raising the mandatory retirement age and its effect on long‐run income and Pay As You Go (PAYG) pensions”
Authors: Tanaka Jumpei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFanti (2014, Metroeconomica, 65, 619–645) showed that raising the mandatory retirement age always reduces capital accumulation and may lower per young income and pension benefit, under the assumption that old labor and young labor are perfect substitutes (or equivalently, the elasticity of substitution is infinite). We reexamine his analysis by assuming that the two labors are imperfect substitutes (the elasticity of substitution is finite), and prove that his results no longer hold when the elasticity of substitution is not sufficiently high.
TIR‐NB‐LRR immune receptor SOC3 pairs with truncated TIR‐NB protein CHS1 or TN2 to monitor the homeostasis of E3 ligase SAUL1
Authors: Liang Wanwan , van Wersch Solveig , Tong Meixuezi , Li Xin 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Intracellular nucleotide binding (NB) and leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins function as immune receptors to recognize effectors from pathogens. They often guard host proteins that are the direct targets of those effectors. Recent findings have revealed that a typical NLR sometimes cooperates with another atypical NLR for effector recognition.

Here, by using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing method, knockout analysis and biochemical assays, we uncovered differential pairings of typical Toll Interleukin1 receptor (TIR) type NLR (TNL) receptor SOC3 with atypical truncated TIR‐NB (TN) proteins CHS1 or TN2 to guard the homeostasis of the E3 ligase SAUL1.

Overaccumulation of SAUL1 is monitored by the SOC3−TN2 pair, while SAUL1's disappearance is guarded by the SOC3−CHS1 pair. SOC3 forms a head‐to‐head genomic arrangement with CHS1 and TN2, indicative of transcriptional co‐regulation.

Such intricate cooperative interactions can probably enlarge the recognition spectrum and increase the functional flexibility of NLRs, which can partly explain the overwhelming occurrence of NLR gene clustering in higher plants.