bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonism by Clopyralid of Picloram-Induced Ethylene Biosynthesis in Rapeseed Plants
Authors: Hall J. Christopher , Soni Mira 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effect of clopyralid pretreatment (500 g/ha) on picloram-induced ethylene, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), and MACC [1-(malonylamino)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid] was measured in rapeseed plants that were treated with 50 or 100 g/ha of picloram. In contrast to plants that did not receive a clopyralid pretreatment, ethylene biosynthesis was significantly reduced in plants pretreated with clopyralid prior to picloram. Piclo­ram-induced levels of ACC also were significantly reduced in plants receiving pretreatment with clopyralid. In contrast, there was no difference between the levels of MACC in plants that were and were not pretreated with clopyralid. Therefore, the mechanism by which clopyralid pretreatment interferes with picloram-induced synthesis of both ACC and ethylene may be manifested through the blocking of de novo synthesis of ACC synthase normally stimulated by picloram. The lack of significant difference in MACC levels between plants that were and were not pretreated with clopyralid precludes the stimulation of enhanced ACC conversion to MACC as an exclusive mechanism of clopyralid’s antidoting activity. It is likely that the rate of picloram-induced ACC synthesis by plants receiving pretreatment is within their capacity to convert ACC to MACC, thereby limiting the substrate available for conversion to ethylene. In contrast, it appears that the extent of ACC synthesis by plants receiving no pretreatment su­persedes their capacity for conversion to MACC, thereby resulting in greatly enhanced rates of ethylene evolution and subsequent development of injury symptoms.
Zur Biogenese der Pseudomonas-Siderophore: Der Nachweis analoger Strukturen eines Pyoverdin-Desferriferribactin-Paares [ 1 ] / The Biogenesis of Pseudomonas Siderophores: The Proof of Analogous Structures of a Pyoverdin/Desferriferribactin Pair [1]
Authors: Budzikiewicz H. , Schröder H. , Taraz K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
When grown in an iron-deficient medium Pseudomonas aptata produces both a desferri-ferribactin and a pyoverdin. The identical sequence of the peptide chain confirms the hypothesis that desferri-ferribactins are the biogenetic precursors of pyoverdins.
Effect of Cyanide on the S2- and S3-State in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea
Authors: He P. , Schulder R. , Bader K. P. , Schmid G. H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Low concentrations of cyanide affect the flash-induced oxygen evolution pattern in thylakoid preparations of the filamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea. At a cyanide concentration of 2 x 10-6 ᴍ the effect lies exclusively on the S2- and S3-state whereas the subsequent flash yields and the steady state are barely affected, showing that the reaction center is not touched by the reagent. The influence of the chemical is characterized by the fact that at basic pH (7.5 -8.5) the deactivation mode of S2 and S3 is changed, showing that the cyanide-ion is the reactant. Whereas in the control the deactivation of S2 yields as usual S1 and S-1, the deactivation pattern in the presence of cyanide shows that S2 deactivates - without giving S1 - , to a more reduced state, probably S0. In the flash pattern the two signal amplitudes of the first two flashes are lowered to zero in the presence of 2 x 10-6 ᴍ cyanide and become uptake signals at higher cyanide concentrations. It is seen that in the presence of cyanide S2 and to a lesser extent S3 in the Oscillatoria system apparently react with oxygen. In tobacco thylakoids no effect of cyanide on the flash pattern itself is observed, even at higher concentrations (e.g. 10-4 ᴍ), although the signal amplitudes of the entire pattern are affected at such concentrations. Photosystem II of cyanobacteria is characterized by the absence of the two extrinsic 16 kDa and 23 kDa peptides. As shown by mass spectrometry inside-out vesicles from tobacco thylakoids, in which these two extrinsic peptides have been removed by NaCl-washing, exhibit simultaneously flash-induced O2-evolution and an O2-uptake which both require the presence of CL- and Ca2+ ions. Both the evolution signal and the uptake signal are DCMU sensitive and are inhibited by KCN. An amperometrically measured flash pattern of inside-out tobacco vesicles shows, if the assay is supplemented with CL- ions, the usual flash pattern known from the literature. The experiments seem to indicate that even in the washed inside-out condition the S-state system of higher plants is much less sensitive to ambient oxygen than in the phylogenetically older system of the filamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea.
Regulation and Partly Purification of the ATP-Sulfurylase from the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301
Authors: Mishra Divya , Schmidt Ahlert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
ATP-sulfurylase from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 was regulated in vivo during growth in batch culture. The activity was highest at the third day after inoculation, declining afterwards to a level found in resting cells. During growth with air supplemented with 2% CO2 this activity increased 3-fold compared to controls grown with normal air as CO2 source. Addition of either nitrite or urea enhanced ATP-sulfurylase activity about 2-fold, whereas cysteine and especially methionine decreased ATP-sulfurylase activity to 5% of controls without treatment.
The ATP-sulfurylase was purified by conventional techniques using DEAE-cellulose chromatography and further separation on blue sepharose achieving a 250-fold increase in the specific activity. An apparent Kᴍ of 5 μᴍ for APS and of 40 μᴍ for pyrophosphate was determined with the purified enzyme fraction.
The Role of Boron, Silicon and Nucleic Bases on Pollen Tube Growth of Lilium longiflorum (L.)
Authors: Polster J. , Schwenk M. , Bengsch E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
It is possible to obtain pollen germination and pollen tube growth in vitro if boric acid is present. In this work the effect was studied using as a semiquantitative parameter the mean length (l̄) of Lilium longiflorum pollen tubes. Pollen tube growth was examinated in dependence on boric acid, ortho-silicic acid, nucleic bases, Ca2+ and Zn2+ in 10% sucrose solution. The maximum of l̄ is obtained for concentrations between 2-20 ppm boron. The simultaneous supply of silicon added as water glass leads to a synergistic stimulation effect on pollen tube growth and facilitates branching. The silicon action is preceded of a pollen tube growth inhibition period during 3 h. Adenine and guanosine are able to substitute partially boron as pollen germination and pollen tube growth stimulator. Concentrations of 100 ppm adenine leads to half the boron effect. The same stimulation effect is obtained by guanosine. Ca2+ can partially substitute boron as well. The stimulation action of boron is significantly attenuated by Zn2+ and by the herbicide Dicuran. These and preceding results from physiological studies indicate that boron and silicon should be essential trace elements for the regulation of molecular biological processes.
Metabolism of Amitrole in Apple: I. Soluble Metabolites from Mature Fruits
Authors: Schneider Bernd , Stock Manfred , Schneider Gernot , Schütte Horst Robert , Schreiber Klaus , Brauner Angela , Kaußmann Ernst Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Mature fruits from apple trees contain residual amounts of radiolabel derived from soil-ap- plied [3,5-14C]amitrole. This report deals with characterization of the soluble part of this radioactivity.
By GC/MS of suitable derivatives 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-aminopropionic acid was identified as a new metabolite of amitrole. Significant parts of radiolabel were incorporated into genuine plant products, indicating liberation of 14CO2 from the applied substance followed by reassimilation. Possible pathways of metabolism of amitrole within the system soil/apple tree are discussed.
Reaction Mechanism of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase
Authors: Nishida Yuzo , Yoshizawa Kaori , Takahashi Shigeyuki , Watanabe Izumi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We have observed that high SOD-like function (decomposition of superoxide anion) was observed for several iron(III) com pounds with tripodal ligands and several oxovanadium(IV) compounds, and also that these compounds exhibit high catalytic activity for oxidative cleavage of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol in non-donating solvents such as dichloromethane or nitromethane. These are suggesting that the same reaction intermediate exists in reaction mixtures of both the SOD-like and catecholase-like functions of these compounds. Based on these facts, we have proposed a new reaction mechanism for the oxidative cleavage of catechol catalyzed by the native non-heme iron dioxygenases; this includes formation of an iron(III)-peroxide adduct as a reaction intermediate, which exhibits electrophilic nature.
Action of Brassinosteroids on the Epithelial Cell Line from Chironomus tentans
Authors: Spindler Klaus-Dieter , Spindler-Barth Margarethe , Turberg Andreas , Adam Günter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The two brassinosteroids, 22S′,23S′-homobrassinolide and 22S′,23S′-homocastasterone are weak competitors of the binding of [3H]ponasterone A to the intracellular ecdysteroid receptor from the epithelial cell line from Chironom us tentans. The relative affinities to the ecdysteroid receptor are 0.001 for both brassinosteroids as compared to 20-OH-ecdysone and 0.1 in comparison to ecdysone. Both substances exert morphological effects similar to those observed with 20-OH-ecdysone. Like moulting hormones both brassinosteroids inhibit chitin synthesis. However, these effects were observed only at rather high concentrations (10-5 to 10-4 m) which were cytotoxic for 22 S′,23 S′-homobrassinolide.
The Effect of Neuropeptides on the ERG of the Crayfish Orconectes limosus
Authors: Gaus Gabriele , Stieve Hennig 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
CCAP (Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide), Proctolin, FMRFamide, Met- and Leu-enkephalin. Substance P, RPCH (red pigment concentrating hormone) and PDH (pigment dispersing hormone) were applied to the isolated retina of the crayfish Orconectes limosus. Changes in light sensitivity, measured as changes of the amplitude of the electroretinogram (ERG) were observed after application of RPCH, PDH and CCAP. RPCH caused an increase of the ERG amplitude to 133% of its reference value whereas PDH and CCAP decreased the amplitude to 78 % and 30% respectively. A dose-response curve half-maximal effect.
A Simplified Combination of DNA Probe Preparation and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization
Authors: Celeda Dino , Bettag Ulrich , Cremer Christoph 
Published: August 2018

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has found widespread applications in cytogenetics. So far the standard protocols for probe amplification (and simultaneous labeling) by PCR, nick translation and in situ hybridization involve different buffer systems leading to a number of time consuming washing steps even before hybridization. In this manuscript we show a fast technique of a close combination of DNA probe preparation and in situ hybridization (ISH).
This method was applied to metaphase chromosomes from human lymphocytes fixed on slides. Two specific repetitive DNA probes, the pUC 1.77 DNA probe and the DYZ 1 repetitive DNA fraction were used, amplified and labeled in different ways. Additional experiments with total genomic male human DNA as the DNA probe suggest that this method may be extended to a large variety of other probes. Moreover the ISH technique described does not require toxic denaturing agents, such as formamide.
Differences between Thymic and Splenic Cells of the Rat: Biochemical and Physico-Chemical Investigations in vitro on DNA Topoisomerase II -Inhibitors and Thiyl Radicals
Authors: Tempel K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Interactions of novobiocin (NB) and nalidixic acid (NA) with thiols were investigated in vitro in thymic (T-) and splenic (S-) cells of the rat, by determining nucleic acid synthesis as well as nucleoid sedimentation and viscosity of alkaline cell lysates. In T-cells NB, at concentrations of 0.35-1.4 mм, increased unscheduled D N A synthesis (UDS) and RNA synthesis (RNS), whereas S-cells underwent a dose-dependent inhibition of UDS and RNS following exposure to NB at concentrations > 0.7 mм. Combining NA and thiols (e.g., dithiothreitol) resulted in a slight stimulation of UDS in S-cells and in a highly significant increase of UDS in T-cells ascribed to a depletion of the cellular thymidine pool. In both cell types, neither NB nor NA exerted a significant effect on thiol-induced DNA damage. At a concentration of 1.4 mм, NB increased the viscosity of alkaline T-cell lysates; the opposite effect was observed in S-cells. From these results as well as from previous investigations we conclude that T-and S-cells differ in their state of chromatin conformation. This interpretation offers a simple model for the study of the influence of chromatin structure on cell-specific physico-and/or chemico-biologi-cal interactions.
Interactions of Halogenated Benzoquinones with the Non-Heme Iron (Q400) in Photosystem II
Authors: Koike Hiroyuki , Kashino Yasuhiro , Satoh Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Interactions of halogenated benzoquinones with the acceptor side of Photosystem (PS) II were studied by measuring fluorescence induction curves and flash-induced absorbance changes in PS II particles isolated from Synechococcus vulcanus. Following results were obtained: 1) Addition of some halogenated benzoquinones prior to 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) in the dark increased the area above the fluorescence induction curve (work integral) by a factor of two. 2) Based on the ability to increase the fluorescence work integral, halogenated benzoquinones could be divided into two groups. 3) 2,6-Dichlorobenzo-quinone (2,6-DCBQ), trichlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) and tetrahalogenated benzoquinones except tetrafluorobenzoquinone (fluoranil) (group A) increased the work integral, but 2,5-DCBQ and fluoranil (group B) did not. 4) Rapid reoxidation of QA
- was observed in the presence of quinones which belong to group A.
These results were interpreted in terms of dark oxidation of by quinones belonging to group A. Possible mechanisms of oxidation of Q400 by these quinones in the dark are discussed.
Isolation and Characterization of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Mutant Resistant to Photobleaching Herbicides
Authors: Oshio Hiromichi , Shibata Hideyuki , Mito Nobuaki , Yamamoto Masako , Harris Elizabeth H. , Gillham Nicholas W. , Boynton John E. , Sato Ryo 
Published: August 2018

A group of highly active N -phenylimide photobleaching herbicides have been synthesized. These N -phenylimide herbicides as well as diphenyl ether herbicides induce protoporphyrin IX accumulation and inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity at extremely low concentrations in higher plants. The binding of a 14C -labeled N -phenylimide herbicide S-23121 [N-[4-chloro- 2-fluoro-5-[(1-m ethyl-2-propynyl)oxy]phenyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide] to the solubilized plastid fractions of greening corn seedlings is competed by the diphenyl ether herbicide acifluorfen-ethyl, but not by diuron, an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport. These results indicate a similar mode of action for both N -phenylimide and diphenyl ether herbicides.
In order to investigate the mechanism of photobleaching herbicides at the molecular level, a strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii RS-3 resistant to N -phenylimide S-23142 [N -(4-chloro- 2-fluoro-5-propargyloxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide] was isolated by mutagenesis with N -m ethyl-N′-nitro-N -nitrosoguanidine. The 90% inhibition concentration of N -phenylimide S-23142 for growth of RS-3 was 100 times higher than that for wild type. Maximum accumulation of protoporphyrin IX was reached at 0.03 μᴍ of S-23142 for the wild type and 3 μᴍ for RS-3. RS-3 was resistant to oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen and acifluorfen-ethyl which had been shown to have the same mechanism of action as N -phenylimide herbicides, but not to paraquat, diuron or fluridone. Genetic analysis of RS-3 strain showed that the resistance results from a dominant mutation ( rs-3) in the nuclear genome. The magnesium protoporphyrin IX synthesizing activity from 5-am inolevulinic acid in chloroplast fragments isolated from RS-3 was less sensitive to S-23142 than that from wild type (CC-407). Protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in Percoll™ -purified chloroplasts from RS-3 was also less sensitive to S-23142 than that from wild type. These results indicate that the resistance of RS-3 is specific for photobleaching herbicides, and that the mutation is related to protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the primary site of the photobleaching herbicide action.
Pseudoverdin, a Compound Related to the Pyoverdin Chromophore from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain Incapable to Produce Pyoverdins [1]
Authors: Longerich Irmgard , Taraz Kambiz , Budzikiewicz Herber , Tsai Lin , Meyer Jean-Marie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
From a genetically manipulated strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (PAO 1 strain) a compound named pseudoverdin, 3-formylamino-6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, was obtained which is related to the typical pyoverdin chromophore and thus allows to shed some light on the biogenesis of the latter.
Pheromone 93 [1]. Das Sexualpheromon von Limnaecia phragmitella (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) / Pheromones, 93 [1], The Sex Pheromone of the Cosmopterigid Moth Limnaecia phragmitella (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae)
Authors: Bestmann Hans Jürgen , Kern Friedrich , Janssen Edelgard , Hasenfuß Ivar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
By means of gas chromatographic, mass spectroscopic methods and combined GCelectroantennogram techniques (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate were identified as the two biological active components of the sex pheromone of the female cosmopterigid moth Limnaecia phragmitella. The mixture of 95% (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and 5% of the (Z)-isomer were analyzed in the gland of females and confirmed as the most attractive synthetic blend for males in field bioassays.
Antioxidative Properties of Phenazone Derivatives: Differentiation between Phenylbutazon and Mofebutazon
Authors: Schneider Ingrid , Elstner Erich F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Both phenylbutazon and mofebutazon inhibit oxidative fragmentation of the methionine derivative, 2-keto-4-methylthio-butyric acid (KMB) by xanthine oxidase - or diaphorase me­ diated OH radical production. Differentiation of the two non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs is possible by means of determining oxygen reduction by xanthine oxidase or diaphorase in the presence of the naphthoquinone, juglone, where only mofebutazon shows an inhibitory effect.
Immunological Identification of Organ Specific Proteins and Transcripts in Developing Barley Grains
Authors: Klungland Helge , Bosnes Marie 
Published: August 2018

In vitro translated proteins from poly(A+)RNA of immature barley starchy endosperm and embryos were immunoadsorbed with antibodies raised against proteins of aleurone layers, starchy endosperm and embryos. Four starchy endosperm and eight embryo specific transcripts were detected. In addition, several mRNA s were restricted to only two of the three tis­sues.
Comparing SDS-PAGE patterns of the in vivo protein extracts against which the antibodies were raised, four aleurone, six starchy endosperm and four embryo-specific protein bands were detectable. As for the in vitro translated proteins, several in vivo protein bands were here present in only two of the three tissues.
Of eight known barley grain proteins for which antibodies were available, only three were present in developing embryos.
Brominated Secondary Compounds from the Marine Sponge Verongia aerophoba and the Sponge Feeding Gastropod Tylodina perversa
Authors: Teeyapant Ratana , Kreis Patricia , Wray Victor , Witte Ludger , Proksch Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Analysis of the marine sponge Verongia aerophoba from the Canary islands afforded the brominated secondary constituents isofistularin-3, aerophobin-1 and aerophobin-2 which are probably involved in the chemical defense of the sponge. In addition the yellow pigment uranidine and the unusual sterol aplysterol were isolated. The patterns of brominated compounds were almost superimposable when samples of V. aerophoba from different islands were com­ pared by HPLC indicating de novo synthesis by the sponge or by endosymbiotic microorgan­isms rather than uptake by filter feeding. The only differences observed between the different samples analyzed were with regard to the total concentrations of brominated compounds which varied from 7.2-12.3% of the dry weight dependent on the different collection sites. The Opisthobranch gastropod Tylodina perversa is specialized for feeding on V. aerophoba. Chemical analysis of the gastropod revealed the sponge constituents uranidine, isofistularin-3, aerophobin-1 and aerophobin-2 as well as aerothionin, a further brominated compound which is apparently a biotransform ation product of the brominated sponge constiiuents.
Epicuticular Leaf Waxes of the Hop (Humulus lupulus). Chemical Composition and Surface Structures
Authors: Gülz P.-G. , Müller E. , Herrmann T. , Lösel P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The epicuticular wax layer of Humulus lupulus contains homologous series of hydrocarbons, wax esters, benzylacyl esters, aldehydes, primary alcohols, fatty acids and the triterpenoids β-amyrin, α-amyrin both free and esterified with long chain fatty acids and also friedelanone. At 54%, primary alcohols form the largest component. No single class of lipids forms a pre­dominant component (i.e. more than 80%) of the wax layer. Under scanning microscopical examination, both upper and lower surfaces of H. lupulus leaves appear covered by a continuous way layer which is devoid of any sculpturing or crystalloids. Epidermal cells are arranged in dense lamellate or undulate cuticular folds. Four different types of trichomes were identified on the surfaces of hop leaves and tendrils. The adaxial leaf surface bears numerous single, uni­ cellular, silicified, pointed hairs as well as many glands. On the abaxial leaf surface there are very long pointed hairs arising only from the veins. Hairs on the hop tendrils arise from the veins but are completely different in shape having two sharp points extending at right angles to the hair-base.
Partial Purification and Some Properties of Brassica napus Lipase
Authors: Fuchs Cornelia , Hansen Gerd 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) from rape (Brassica napus cv. Ceres) was isolated from cotyledons of dark-grown seedlings. The enzyme was partially purified by poly­ ethylene glycol precipitation. Delipidation of the lipase with n-hexane was required prior to further purification by anion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. A purification factor of 337 was ultimately achieved and the purification process was moni­tored by SDS-PAGE. Here, at least two protein bands with molecular masses of 62 and 64 kD a respectively were found in the active fraction obtained by size exclusion chromatography. Sodium deoxycholate was found to stimulate the lipase activity, but appeared to cause aggregation of the enzyme. It was not possible to estimate the isoelectric point of the dialyzed rape lipase due to the high molecular mass of the aggregates. Two simple methods to detect lipase activity directly on polyacrylamide gel were applied. No esterase activity was found by using p-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate.