bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and predictors of new HIV diagnosis and time since last test at testing encounters among adults in Kilifi, Kenya, 2006-2017
Authors: Mugo Peter M. , Agutu Clara A. , Wahome Elizabeth , Juma Margaret , Nzioka Joseph , Mohamed Khamisi , Mumba Teresia , Shally Mahmoud , Fauz Ibrahim , Omar Anisa , Rinke de Wit Tobias F. , van der Elst Elise M. , Graham Susan M. , Sanders Eduard J. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Little is known about HIV retesting uptake among key populations (KP) and general populations (GP) in Kenya. We assessed trends and predictors of new HIV diagnosis, first-time testing (FTT), and late retesting (previous test more than one year ago for GP or three months for KP). Methods: Data was collected routinely at three voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) centres in Kilifi County between 2006 and 2017. We analysed test encounters among adults 18-39 years, categorized as GP men, GP women, men who have sex with men (MSM), and female sex workers (FSW). Results: Based on 25,670 test encounters (32% FTT), we observed significant declines in HIV positivity (proportion of encounters with a new HIV diagnosis) among GP men, GP women, and first-time testers, but not among MSM and FSW. FTT and late retesting decreased for both GP and KP, but remained much higher in KP than GP. In 2017, less than 20% of KP were testing quarterly as recommended. HIV positivity was higher at FTT and late retesting encounters (relative to on-time retesting); at FSW and MSM encounters; and at encounters with clients reporting lower educational attainment, sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms, or no religious affiliation. HIV positivity was lower in GP men and younger clients. FTT was associated with town, risk group, age 18-24 years, never-married status, low educational attainment, and STI symptoms. Late retesting was less common among encounters with GP individuals who were never married, had Muslim or no religious affiliation, had lower educational attainment, or reported STI symptoms. Conclusions: New HIV diagnoses were most common among first-time testers and late re-testers. While late retesting decreased steadily over the period reviewed, achievement of the county’s 90% HIV diagnosis target will require redoubled efforts to increase retesting among the most at risk populations.
From Predictive to Prescriptive Analytics
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Kallus Nathan 
Published: August 2019

We combine ideas from machine learning (ML) and operations research and management science (OR/MS) in developing a framework, along with specific methods, for using data to prescribe optimal decisions in OR/MS problems. In a departure from other work on data-driven optimization, we consider data consisting, not only of observations of quantities with direct effect on costs/revenues, such as demand or returns, but also predominantly of observations of associated auxiliary quantities. The main problem of interest is a conditional stochastic optimization problem, given imperfect observations, where the joint probability distributions that specify the problem are unknown. We demonstrate how our proposed methods are generally applicable to a wide range of decision problems and prove that they are computationally tractable and asymptotically optimal under mild conditions, even when data are not independent and identically distributed and for censored observations. We extend these to the case in which some decision variables, such as price, may affect uncertainty and their causal effects are unknown. We develop the coefficient of prescriptiveness P to measure the prescriptive content of data and the efficacy of a policy from an operations perspective. We demonstrate our approach in an inventory management problem faced by the distribution arm of a large media company, shipping 1 billion units yearly. We leverage both internal data and public data harvested from IMDb, Rotten Tomatoes, and Google to prescribe operational decisions that outperform baseline measures. Specifically, the data we collect, leveraged by our methods, account for an 88% improvement as measured by our coefficient of prescriptiveness. This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, optimization.
N-Acetylcysteine in the Management of Acute Liver Failure From Sickle Cell Hepatic Crisis
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Burroughs Sarah , Farooq Ahmad , Bashir Mustafa R. , Muir Andrew J. , Patel Yuval A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been well studied in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced and select non-acetaminophen-induced liver failure. However, its role in the management of sickle cell hepatic crisis resulting in acute liver failure (ALF) is unknown. We describe and discuss the novel and beneficial use of NAC in a 25-year-old man with ALF due to sickle cell hepatic crisis. We further review ALF in sickle cell disease and NAC in the treatment of non-acetaminophen-induced liver failure. Our case highlights the promising role of NAC in sickle cell-related liver injury.
Two Cases of Gastrointestinal Delusional Parasitosis Presenting as Folie á Deux
Authors: Tabbalat Rinad Ramzi , Cal Nicolas Vital , Mayigegowda Kavya Kelagere , Desilets David John 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Delusional parasitosis is a psychiatric illness in which patients believe that they are infested by parasites without any evidence to support this belief. Cases typically involve cutaneous manifestations. We present 2 cases of gastrointestinal delusional parasitosis, with one unfortunate fatal outcome. Our main goal is to highlight the importance of early recognition of this disease to facilitate appropriate management. Delusional infestation is considered a somatic delusional disorder, and first-line treatment involves the use of atypical antipsychotics, as recommended by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition.
Fulminant Clostridium difficile Infection Cured by Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient With Critical Neutropenia
Authors: Krajicek Edward , Bohm Matt , Sagi Sashi , Fischer Monika 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Clostridium difficile infection is the most prevalent health care-associated infection. Treatment relies on antimicrobial therapy with mounting evidence supporting fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in refractory cases. Cohort studies have documented the safety of FMT in immunocompromised patients. However, the safety of FMT in patients with critically low (<500/μL) absolute neutrophil count is unknown. Currently, in severely immunocompromised bone marrow or solid organ transplant recipients, FMT is delayed until normalization of absolute neutrophil count. We present a patient with absolute neutropenia in whom sequential FMTs were safely and successfully administered, resulting in cure of fulminant C. difficile infection.
Biosorpsi Logam Berat Cu(II) Menggunakan Limbah Saccharomyces Cereviseae
Authors: Setiawan Adhi , Basyiruddin Fariz , Dermawan Denny 
Published: August 2019

Biosorpsi merupakan salah satu jenis bentuk pengolahan limbah logam berat dengan menggunakan mikroorganisme, seperti bakteri, alga dan ragi (yeast). Penelitian ini menggunakan ragi (yeast) dari industri bir. Proses preparasi biosorben meliputi pengendapkan, pengeringan, dan pengayakan untuk memperoleh ukuran homogen. Biosorben yang terbentuk kemudian dikontakkan dengan larutan Cu (II) dengan konsentrasi 25 mg/L dan diteliti pengaruh pH (3, 4, 5), waktu kontak (1, 2, 3 jam) dan berat biosorben (0,25, 0,5, 0,75 gr) terhadap kemampuan biosorben dalam menurunkan konsentrasi logam Cu. Selanjutnya pada persen removal tertinggi dilakukan regenerasi menggunakan HNO3. Konsentrasi Cu yang setelah biosorpsi diuji menggunakan spektrofotometer Uv-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pH 5, waktu kontak 1 jam dan berat biosorben 0,75 gr memiliki persen removal yang tertinggi yaitu sebesar 55,36%. Biosorben yang telah diregenerasi mengalami penurunan persen removal logam Cu (II) dari 55,36% menjadi 48,2%.
Novel combined insulin-like 3 variations of a single nucleotide in cryptorchidism
Authors: Sinopidis Xenophon , Mourelatou Roza , Kostopoulou Eirini , Karvela Alexia , Rojas-Gil Andrea-Paola , Tsekoura Efstathia , Georgiou George , Spiliotis Bessie E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundInsulin-like 3 hormone (INSL3) is involved in the process of testicular descent, and has been thoroughly studied in cryptorchidism. However, INSL3 allelic variations found in the human genome were heterozygous and only a few of them were found exclusively in patients with cryptorchidism. Under this perspective, we aimed to study the presence of INSL3 allelic variations in a cohort of patients with cryptorchidism and to estimate their potential consequences.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 46 male patients with non-syndromic cryptorchidism and from 43 age-matched controls. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for exons 1 and 2 of theINSL3gene in all subjects. Sequencing analysis was carried out on the PCR products. All data were grouped according to testicular location.ResultsSeven variations of a single nucleotide (SNVs) were identified both in patients with cryptorchidism and in controls: rs2286663 (c.27G > A), rs1047233 (c.126A > G) and rs6523 (c.178A > G) at exon 1, rs74531687 (c.191-30C > T) at the intron, rs121912556 (c.305G > A) at exon 2 and rs17750642 (c.*101C > A) and rs1003887 (c.*263G > A) at the untranslated region (UTR). The allelic variants rs74531687 and rs121912556 were found for the first time in the Greek population. The novel homozygotic combination of the three allelic variants rs1047233-rs6523-rs1003887 seemed to present a stronger correlation with more severe forms of cryptorchidism.ConclusionsThe combination of specific INSL3 SNVs rather than the existence of each one of them alone may offer a new insight into the involvement of allelic variants in phenotypic variability and severity.
Automatic transcription of the Polish newsreel
Authors: Koržinek Danijel , Wołk Krzysztof , Brocki Łukasz , Marasek Krzysztof 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper describes an automatic transcription system for the Polish Newsreel, which is a collection of mid to late 20th century news segments presented in audio and video form. They are characterized by their use of archaic language and poor audio quality, which makes them a demanding problem for speech recognition systems. Acoustic and language models had to be retrained using data from in-domain corpora. During the adaptation of the models, experiments were carried out to select optimal adaptation parameters. The experiments showed that the adaptation of the speech recognition system to a narrow and clearly defined domain significantly increases its efficiency. The final word error rate obtained for this domain was 10.97%.
Part of speech tagging for Polish
Authors: Krasnowska-Kieraś Katarzyna , Kobyliński Łukasz 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the current state of the art in part-of-speech tagging for Polish. We introduce the problem of POS tagging and point out the key issues in tagging inflected languages, which make this task more difficult in the case of Polish than e.g. English. We also discuss the most important language resources connected with POS tagging, as well as the task of morphological analysis, as it is commonly used as a preliminary step in tagging. We describe the methods that have been applied to the problem of POS tagging for Polish to date and discuss the most current, neural-network based methods in more detail. Finally, we conclude with a general view of this field in the context of Polish and discuss possible future research directions.
Integration of Tumor-Treating Fields into the Multidisciplinary Management of Patients with Solid Malignancies
Authors: Wang Yuefeng , Pandey Manjari , Ballo Matthew T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) are a noninvasive antimitotic cancer treatment consisting of low-intensity alternating electric fields delivered to the tumor or tumor bed via externally applied transducer arrays. In multiple in vitro and in vivo cancer cell lines, TTFields therapy inhibits cell proliferation, disrupts cell division, interferes with cell migration and invasion, and reduces DNA repair. Human trials in patients with primary glioblastoma showed an improvement in overall survival, and trials in patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma showed favorable outcomes compared with historical control. This led to U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval in both clinical situations, paving the way for development of trials investigating TTFields in other malignancies. Although these trials are ongoing, the existing evidence suggests that TTFields have activity outside of neuro-oncology, and further study into the mechanism of action and clinical activity is required. In addition, because TTFields are a previously unrecognized antimitotic therapy with a unique mode of delivery, the oncological community must address obstacles to widespread patient and provider acceptance. TTFields will likely join surgery, systemic therapy, and radiation therapy as a component of multimodality management of patients with solid malignancies.

Implications for Practice
Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) exhibit a broad range of antitumor activities. Clinically, they improve overall survival for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The emergence of TTFields has changed the treatment regimen for glioblastoma. Clinicians need to understand the practical issues surrounding its use in the multidisciplinary management of patients with glioblastoma. With ongoing clinical trials, TTFields likely will become another treatment modality for solid malignancies.
Verschlüsselung sicherer Kommunikation
Authors: Horch Alexander , Hannen Heinrich Theodor , Schween Heiko , Wagner Klaus 
Published: August 2019

Zur Effizienzsteigerung in der Automatisierung wird die Digitalisierung vorangetrieben. Für die Vernetzung (z.B. Erfassung von Diagnosedaten, Fernwartung...) werden auch öffentliche bzw. teilöffentliche Netze wie WLAN, Mobilfunk oder Internet herangezogen. Da Angriffe aus dem Internet bereits heute auf die Automatisierung übergreifen muss auch hier die Verwendung gesicherter Kommunikation vorangetrieben werden. Funktional sichere Protokolle müssen somit auch über verschlüsselte Kommunikation möglich sein. Daher ist es erforderlich, etablierte Standards und Technologien neu zu bewerten.
Role of maternal Anemia on cord hemoglobin and infant hemoglobin and ferritin level at nine months of age
Authors: Sadique Abu , Mallick Achinta K. R. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Primary objective was to compare hemoglobin at 9 months and secondary objective was to compare birth weight, cord hemoglobin and serum ferritin at 9 months between infants born to anaemic and non anaemic mothers.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we compared cord hemoglobin, birth weight, hemoglobin at 09 months & serum ferritin at 09 months in infants of anaemic and non anaemic mothers. Subject of the study was all inborn term infants (n = 344).Results: Cord blood hemoglobin was similar between infants born to anaemic and non anaemic mothers. However, infants born to anaemic mothers weighed less at birth and had lower hemoglobin at 9 months of age.Conclusions: Infants born to anaemic mothers are at higher risk of developing anaemia in late infancy which may remain undetected at birth.
CONCEPÇÕES DE ENSINO ELABORADAS PELOS ACADÊMICOS DAS LICENCIATURAS: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Cartaxo Simone Regina Manosso , MACKEIVICZ OSMAR 
Published: August 2019

O estudo tem por objetivo analisar as concepções de ensino elaboradas pelos acadêmicos das licenciaturas de uma Universidade pública a fim de subsidiar o processo de formação inicial de professores. A questão central concebe o ensino como um processo intencional e peculiar que orienta a aprendizagem e cria cenários formativos. Reúne elementos articulados – professor, estudante, conhecimento. Considerando a centralidade do ensino no processo de formação inicial de professores, indagamos qual é a concepção de ensino elaborada pelos acadêmicos de licenciatura. O eixo epistemológico que norteia a pesquisa e análise dos dados é a teoria como expressão da prática discutido por Martins (1989) e Santos (1992), e a educação bancária de Freire (1982, 1996). A natureza desta pesquisa é qualitativa e os procedimentos utilizados para coleta de dados são questionários e grupos de discussão. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são acadêmicos das licenciaturas em Pedagogia, Matemática e Ciências Biológicas de uma universidade pública. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que o ensino na universidade possui características de uma abordagem tradicional coexistindo com elementos de uma abordagem crítica. A relação professor-aluno ainda é preponderantemente verticalizada. Há predominância da aula expositiva no espaço universitário, tendo como característica a transmissão de conhecimentos. A avaliação adquire traços da avaliação formativa; porém, constata-se que predomina a avaliação quantitativa. O estudo aponta, também, para um distanciamento entre o professor e os acadêmicos, reafirmando, desta forma, o professor como dono do saber racional. A pesquisa apurou que há uma dicotomia entre teoria e prática, valorizando a teoria como guia para a prática, em oposição à teoria como expressão da prática. Os acadêmicos criticam o modelo tradicional de ensino e, a partir das suas vivências, elaboram um conceito em uma perspectiva crítica.
The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak And The Prospects For Democratization In Egypt
Authors: Khasyiin Nuril 
Published: August 2019

This study discusses fall of the Mubarak regime by looking the factors and analyze how the authoritarian regime change toward democracy. January 25, became a real effort to realize that dream. This study begins with a discussion; efforts in seeking Mubarak legitimacy to support his power from Sadat's opposition, and continued with the factors that led Mubarak’s support, moved to be opposition. It’s describes the end of Mubarak regime. His Opposition from the middle class, lower class and some upper class (military). They are became a major actor in fall of the Mubarak regime. Mubarak's regime is dominated by the ruling classes in cooperation with employers in taking the natural resources of Egypt. Upper-class diversion such as corruption, electoral manipulation, arrest opposition parties and human rights abuses became commonplace in this regime. Employers in this regime to explore the economic resources. After the economic crisis, these classes subordinan then rose up against the dominant classes. This study uses a theoretical approach (replacement and legitimacy). With this both theoreticals approach will help the authors provide a powerful explanation of the fact that the field has been meticulous writer. Hepotesa of this study was Mubarak's supporters will move into the opposition, if their interests and needs are not met anymore. Mubarak attitude change employers are more concerned with the prosperity of the public, abuse of power by officers, with the pressure of economic crisis, will force the opposition to end with this authoritarian regime. Keywords: Egypt, Authoritarian Regime, Economic Crisis, Regime Change, Fall Mubarak.
Justiça e segurança pública desde uma perspectiva de transição
Authors: Escrivão Filho Antonio Sérgio , Antunes Fernando Luis Coelho 
Published: August 2019

Resumo: O Brasil passou por um processo tardio de reconstrução da sua história no que diz respeito à Justiça de transição. Entre os elementos que desde uma perspectiva conceitual compõem uma noção de Justiça de transição encontram-se os processos compreendidos pelas reformas institucionais, caracterizados pela realização de medidas voltadas à reeducação e refuncionalização das instituições públicas, a fim de reorientá-las para o cotidiano do Estado Democrático de Direito, com vistas à promoção dos direitos humanos, extirpando resquícios autoritários das estruturas normativas, institucionais e culturais do Estado. No interior desse debate, as instituições de justiça e segurança pública são comumente identificadas como alvos prioritários de processos de transição, dada a sua relação intrínseca e direta com o tratamento da violência política sistemática e a restrição de direitos e liberdades. Nesse sentido, o artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre o cenário das reformas institucionais referentes ao poder judiciário e aos sistemas de segurança pública, em um esforço analítico para contribuir com os debates realizados no contexto tardio de Justiça de transição no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Justiça de transição. Reformas institucionais. Poder Judiciário. Segurança pública. Brasil. Abstract: Brazil has passed through a delayed reconstruction process of its history, from a perspective of the so called transitional justice. Among the elements that usually make up a conceptual notion of transitional justice, it can be found the processes understood by institutional reforms, characterized by carrying out measures aimed at reeducation and refunctionalization of public institutions, in order to redirect them to the Democratic Rule of Law, and the promotion of human rights, putting away authoritarian remnants from normative, institutional and cultural public structures. Within this debate, the institutions of justice and public security are commonly identified as priority targets for transition processes, because of its intrinsic and directly relation to the treatment of systematic political violence and the restriction of rights and freedoms. In this sense, the article presents a discussion on the scenario of institutional reforms regarding the judiciary, public security in the context of the late Transitional Justice in Brazil.Keywords: Transitional justice. Institutional reforms. Judicial role. Public security. Brazil.