bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term leisure-time physical activity and other health habits as predictors of objectively monitored late-life physical activity – A 40-year twin study
Authors: Waller Katja , Vähä-Ypyä Henri , Törmäkangas Timo , Hautasaari Pekka , Lindgren Noora , Iso-Markku Paula , Heikkilä Kauko , Rinne Juha , Kaprio Jaakko , Sievänen Harri , Kujala Urho M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractModerate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in old age is an important indicator of good health and functional capacity enabling independent living. In our prospective twin cohort study with 616 individuals we investigated whether long-term physical activity assessed three times, in 1975, 1982 and 1990 (mean age 48 years in 1990), and other self-reported health habits predict objectively measured MVPA measured with a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer (at least 10 hours per day for at least 4 days) 25 years later (mean age of 73 years). Low leisure-time physical activity at younger age, higher relative weight, smoking, low socioeconomic status, and health problems predicted low MVPA in old age in individual-based analyses (altogether explaining 20.3% of the variation in MVPA). However, quantitative trait modeling indicated that shared genetic factors explained 82% of the correlation between baseline and follow-up physical activity. Pairwise analyses within monozygotic twin pairs showed that only baseline smoking was a statistically significant predictor of later-life MVPA. The results imply that younger-age physical activity is associated with later-life MVPA, but shared genetic factors underlies this association. Of the other predictors mid-life smoking predicted less physical activity at older age independent of genetic factors.
Need for focus on microbial species following ice melt and changing freshwater regimes in a Janus Arctic Gateway
Authors: Joli Nathalie , Gosselin Michel , Ardyna Mathieu , Babin Marcel , Onda Deo Florence , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Lovejoy Connie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOceanic gateways are sensitive to climate driven processes. By connecting oceans, they have a global influence on marine biological production and biogeochemical cycles. The furthest north of these gateways is Nares Strait at the top of the North Water between Greenland and Ellesmere Island (Canada). This gateway is globally beneficial, first by supporting high local mammal and bird populations and second with the outflow of phosphate-rich Arctic waters fueling the North Atlantic spring bloom. Both sides of the North Water are hydrologically distinct with counter currents that make this Arctic portal a Janus gateway, after Janus, the Roman god of duality. We examined oceanographic properties and differences in phytoplankton and other protist communities from the eastern and western sides of the North Water (latitude 76.5°N) and found that species differed markedly due to salinity stratification regimes and local hydrography. Typical Arctic communities were associated with south flowing currents along the Canadian side, while potentially noxious Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were dominant on the Greenland side and associated with greater surface freshening from ice melt. This susceptibility of the Greenland side to Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms suggest that monitoring species responses to climate mediated changes is needed.
Effects of different management regimes on microbial biodiversity in vineyard soils
Authors: Hendgen Maximilian , Hoppe Björn , Döring Johanna , Friedel Matthias , Kauer Randolf , Frisch Matthias , Dahl Andreas , Kellner Harald 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn active and diverse soil biota is important for maintaining crop productivity and quality, and preservation of these traits is a major goal of sustainable farming. This study aimed at unravelling the impact of different management practices on soil fungal and bacterial biodiversity in vineyards as a model for permanent crops. Species diversity was assessed using an amplicon sequencing approach in a long-term field experiment in the Rheingau wine region of Germany where integrated, organic and biodynamic management practices had been in place for 10 years. Fungal community composition under integrated management differed significantly from organic and biodynamic management, whereas fungal species richness remained unaffected. Soil under integrated management had a significantly reduced bacterial species richness compared to organic, but community composition was similar to organically and biodynamically managed soils. Highest fungal richness was obtained under cover crop between rows in topsoil, arising from cover cropping and organic carbon supply.
Aerosol optical, microphysical, chemical and radiative properties of high aerosol load cases over the Arctic based on AERONET measurements
Authors: Xie Yisong , Li Zhengqiang , Li Li , Wagener Richard , Abboud Ihab , Li Kaitao , Li Donghui , Zhang Ying , Chen Xingfeng , Xu Hua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractColumnar mass concentrations of aerosol components over the Arctic are estimated using microphysical parameters derived from direct sun extinction and sky radiance measurements of Aerosol Robotic Network. Aerosol optical, microphysical, chemical and radiative properties show that Arctic aerosols are dominated by fine mode particles, especially for high aerosol load cases. The average aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the selected Arctic sites in the sampling period is approximately 0.08, with 75% composed of fine mode particles. The fine mode fraction mostly exceeds 0.9 when AOD greater than 0.4. The ammonium sulfate-like component (AS) contributes about 68% of total dry aerosol mass for high-AOD events. The estimated compositions and back trajectories show that the transported aerosol particles from biomass burning events have large amounts of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon, while those from pollution events are characterised by large AS fractions. The instantaneous radiative forcing at the top-of-atmosphere is higher for the more absorbing components, and varies greatly with surface albedo and solar zenith angle. A regression model of columnar composition and radiative forcing within the atmosphere (RFATM) for Arctic aerosol is established, showing that BC dominates a positive RFATM with a high warming efficiency.
Absolute dating of lead carbonates in ancient cosmetics by radiocarbon
Authors: Beck Lucile , Caffy Ingrid , Delqué-Količ Emmanuelle , Moreau Christophe , Dumoulin Jean-Pascal , Perron Marion , Guichard Hélène , Jeammet Violaine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLead carbonate is one of the major compounds of art and archeology used as an ingredient in paint and cosmetics since Antiquity. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating is usually applied to organic remains. Here we extend radiocarbon dating to lead carbonate, an inorganic material. We demonstrate that lead carbonates can be dated. We also show that natural and manufactured make-up powders can be discriminated by radiocarbon. We find that cerussite used for cosmetics was a natural mineral during the Egyptian Kingdom and then a synthesized compound manufactured by the ancient Greeks. Furthermore, we confirm that phosgenite was artificially produced by the Egyptians about 3500 years ago. Our results confirm the expertize of ancient Egyptians and Greeks in the chemical synthesis of cosmetics. The detection of radiocarbon in lead carbonate holds great promise for art history and provides a new tool for the authentication of paintings by dating the lead white pigment.
The Construct Validity of the CODA and Repeated Sprint Ability Tests in Football Referees
Authors: Riiser Amund , Andersen Vidar , Castagna Carlo , Pettersen Svein Arne , Saeterbakken Atle , Froyd Christian , Ylvisaker Einar , Naess Kjosnes Terje , Fusche Moe Vegard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs of 2017, the international football federation introduced the change of direction ability test (CODA) and the 5×30 m sprint test for assistant referees (ARs) and continued the 6×40 m sprint test for field referees (FRs) as mandatory tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between performance in these tests and running performance during matches at the top level in Norway. The study included 9 FRs refereeing 21 matches and 19 ARs observed 53 times by a local positioning system at three stadiums during the 2016 season. Running performance during matches was assessed by high-intensity running (HIR) distance, HIR counts, acceleration distance, and acceleration counts. For the ARs, there was no association between the CODA test with high-intensity running or acceleration (P>0.05). However, the 5×30 m sprint test was associated with HIR count during the entire match (E −12.9, 95% CI −25.4 to −0.4) and the 5-min period with the highest HIR count (E −2.02, 95% CI −3.55 to −0.49). For the FRs, the 6×40 m fitness test was not associated with running performance during matches (P>0.05). In conclusion, performance in these tests had weak or no associations with accelerations or HIR in top Norwegian referees during match play.
Decreasing Incidence of Skin and Soft-tissue Infections in 86 US Emergency Departments, 2009–2014
Authors: Morgan Ethan , Hohmann Sam , Ridgway Jessica P , Daum Robert S , David Michael Z 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
The incidence of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), for which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant risk factor, in United States emergency departments (EDs) increased dramatically after 2000 with the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Few studies have examined SSTI incidence among HIV-infected and non–HIV-infected patients in the United States after 2010.

Methods
Data were obtained for patient encounters at all academic medical center EDs affiliated with the Vizient clinical data warehouse assigned an SSTI-associated code based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2014. The rate was calculated per 1000 ED encounters by year and stratified by SSTI, HIV infection, or both, and by age group, race, payer type, and region of care. Poisson regression was used to assess temporal change over the study period.

Results
In 2009–2014, a total of 47317 HIV-associated and 820440 SSTI-associated encounters were recorded among 25239781 ED patient encounters. The rate of SSTIs decreased by 8% among all patients and by 14.6%, among those with HIV infection. The SSTI incidence overall decreased from 32.0 to 29.7 per 1000 ED encounters between 2009 and 2014. HIV-infected patients had a significantly higher rate of SSTIs than HIV-uninfected patients (adjusted rate ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.84–1.99).

Conclusions
The decline in SSTI incidence in US EDs between 2009 and 2014 is a remarkable epidemiologic shift from the increase in SSTIs after 2000, and further research is necessary to assess reasons for this decrease.
Determinants and Consequences of Financial Hardship Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Huang I-Chan , Bhakta Nickhill , Brinkman Tara M , Klosky James L , Krull Kevin R , Srivastava DeoKumar , Hudson Melissa M , Robison Leslie L 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Financial hardship among survivors of pediatric cancer has been understudied. We investigated determinants and consequences of financial hardship among adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods
Financial hardship, determinants, and consequences were examined in 2811 long-term survivors (mean age at evaluation = 31.8 years, years postdiagnosis = 23.6) through the baseline survey and clinical evaluation. Financial hardship was measured by material, psychological, and coping/behavioral domains. Outcomes included health and life insurance affordability, retirement planning, symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Odds ratios (ORs) estimated associations of determinants with financial hardship. Odds ratios and regression coefficients estimated associations of hardship with symptom prevalence and HRQOL, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
Among participants, 22.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.8% to 24.0%), 51.1% (95% CI = 49.2% to 52.9%), and 33.0% (95% CI = 31.1% to 34.6%) reported material, psychological, and coping/behavioral hardship, respectively. Risk factors across hardship domains included annual household income of $39 999 or less vs $80 000 or more (material OR = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.08 to 4.46, psychological OR = 3.64, 95% CI = 2.76 to 4.80, and coping/behavioral OR = 4.95, 95% CI = 3.57 to 6.86) and below high school attainment vs college graduate or above (material OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.45 to 3.42, psychological OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.18 to 2.62, and coping/behavioral OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.38 to 3.06). Myocardial infarction, peripheral neuropathy, subsequent neoplasm, seizure, stroke, reproductive disorders, amputation, and upper gastrointestinal disease were associated with higher material hardship (all P < .05). Hardship across three domains was associated with somatization, anxiety and depression (all P < .001), suicidal ideation (all P < .05), and difficulty in retirement planning (all P < .001). Survivors with hardship had statistically significantly lower HRQOL (all P < .001), sensation abnormality (all P < .001), and pulmonary (all P < .05) and cardiac (all P < .05) symptoms.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of adult survivors of childhood cancer experienced financial hardship. Vulnerable sociodemographic status and late effects were associated with hardship. Survivors with financial hardship had an increased risk of symptom prevalence and impaired HRQOL.
Transsylvian-Transinsular Approach for an Insular Cavernous Malformation Resection: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Mascitelli Justin , Gandhi Sirin , Wright Ernest , Lawton Michael T 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Surgical resection of insular lesions is challenging due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures such as the middle cerebral arteries (MCA), Sylvian veins, thalamus, internal capsule (IC), and lenticulostriate arteries. A surgical series using the transsylvian-transinsular approach to treat cerebrovascular pathologies reported ∼5% permanent neurological morbidity.
1,2
This case demonstrates the utility of this approach for resecting an insular cavernous malformation (CM).
A 25-yr-old female presented with an acute-onset right homonymous hemianopsia. Neuroimaging revealed a large left insular CM, adjacent to the posterior limb of IC. After obtaining IRB approval and patient consent, a left pterional craniotomy with a wide distal Sylvian fissure split was completed. Using neuronavigation, an insular entry point was chosen for corticectomy. The CM was opened with subsequent hematoma evacuation and intracapsular resection technique. Inspection of the cavity revealed remnants anteromedially near the IC, which were removed meticulously, mobilizing the CM away from the IC. Postoperative MRI demonstrated gross total resection of the CM. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 5 with persistent homonymous hemianopia.
This case describes the use of a transsylvian-transinsular approach to access deep lesions with the shortest surgical distance and minimal cortical transgression. A wide Sylvian fissure split exposes the M2 MCA and accesses a safe insular zone, keeping the most eloquent structures deep to the lesion in the surgical corridor. This approach can safely expose vascular pathologies in the insular region without the risk of injury to overlying eloquent frontal and temporal lobes, even in the dominant hemisphere.
Increased burden of suicidality among young street-involved sex workers who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Barker Brittany , Hadland Scott E , Dong Huiru , Shannon Kate , Kerr Thomas , DeBeck Kora 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe risks of suicidality among street-involved youth who use drugs and engage in sex work are not well described. This study sought to evaluate if street-involved youth who engage in sex work were at an elevated risk for attempting suicide.MethodsData were derived from the At-Risk Youth Study, a prospective cohort of street-involved youth who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada. Multivariable generalized estimating equation analyses were employed to examine whether youth who engaged in sex work were at elevated risk of attempting suicide, controlling for possible confounders.ResultsBetween September 2005 and May 2015, 1210 youth were recruited into the cohort, of whom, 173 (14.3%) reported recently attempting suicide at some point during the study period. In multivariable analysis, youth who engaged in sex work were significantly more likely to report a recent suicide attempt (adjusted odds ratio = 1.93; 95% confidence interval: 1.28–2.91).ConclusionsStreet-involved youth who engage in sex work were observed to be at a significantly higher risk for suicidality. Systematic discrimination and unaddressed trauma may contribute to the observed increased burden of suicidality among this population. Interventions that support the mental health and well-being of street-involved youth who engage in sex work are urgently needed.
Changes in pain intensity after discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain
Authors: McPherson Sterling , Lederhos Smith Crystal , Dobscha Steven K. , Morasco Benjamin J. , Demidenko Michael I. , Meath Thomas H.A. , Lovejoy Travis I. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Little is known about changes in pain intensity that may occur after discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). The objective of this study was to characterize pain intensity after opioid discontinuation over 12 months. This retrospective U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data study identified N = 551 patients nationally who discontinued LTOT. Data over 24 months (12 months before and after discontinuation) were abstracted from VA administrative records. Random-effects regression analyses examined changes in 0 to 10 pain numeric rating scale scores over time, whereas growth mixture models delineated pain trajectory subgroups. Mean estimated pain at the time of opioid discontinuation was 4.9. Changes in pain after discontinuation were characterized by slight but statistically nonsignificant declines in pain intensity over 12 months after discontinuation (B = −0.20, P = 0.14). Follow-up growth mixture models identified 4 pain trajectory classes characterized by the following postdiscontinuation pain levels: no pain (average pain at discontinuation = 0.37), mild clinically significant pain (average pain = 3.90), moderate clinically significant pain (average pain = 6.33), and severe clinically significant pain (average pain = 8.23). Similar to the overall sample, pain trajectories in each of the 4 classes were characterized by slight reductions in pain over time, with patients in the mild and moderate pain trajectory categories experiencing the greatest pain reductions after discontinuation (B = −0.11, P = 0.05 and B = −0.11, P = 0.04, respectively). Pain intensity after discontinuation of LTOT does not, on average, worsen for patients and may slightly improve, particularly for patients with mild-to-moderate pain at the time of discontinuation. Clinicians should consider these findings when discussing risks of opioid therapy and potential benefits of opioid taper with patients.
Quantification of Cisplatin Using a Modified 3-Material Decomposition Algorithm at Third-Generation Dual-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography
Authors: Sofue Keitaro , Itoh Toshihide , Takahashi Satoru , Schmidt Bernhard , Shimada Ryuji , Negi Noriyuki , Sugimura Kazuro , Murakami Takamichi 
Published: June 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of third-generation dual-source dual-energy computed tomography to quantify cisplatin concentration using a 3-material decomposition algorithm in an experimental phantom.

Materials and Methods
Fifteen agarose-based phantoms containing various concentrations of iodine (0, 1.0, 2.0 mg I/mL) and cisplatin (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg Pt/mL) were scanned using third-generation dual-source dual-energy computed tomography at 80 kV and 150 kV with tin prefiltration. A cisplatin map was generated using the cisplatin-specific 3-material decomposition algorithm to differentiate cisplatin from iodine and agar. The computed tomography (CT) values at 80 kV, 150 kV, mixed 120 kV, and the cisplatin map were measured. Interobserver variabilities for the CT measurements on the cisplatin map were assessed using interclass correlation coefficients. Correlation between the CT values and titrated cisplatin concentrations was correlated using Spearman rank correlation analysis. To assess the influence of iodine, linear regression lines for the CT values on the cisplatin map and titrated cisplatin concentrations were compared using an analysis of covariance.

Results
Interobserver agreement revealed almost perfect agreements (interclass correlation coefficients = 0.941–0.995). Significant and excellent positive correlations were observed between the CT values on the cisplatin map and titrated cisplatin concentrations (ρ = 0.980, P < 0.001 for all). The cisplatin map could identify the lowest cisplatin concentration of 0.5 mg Pt/mL in the presence of iodine. The iodine concentration had no significant effect on the CT measurements on the cisplatin map (P = 0.297, adjusted R
2 = 0.993).

Conclusions
The cisplatin map generated from the 3-material decomposition algorithm allows quantification of a cisplatin concentration in an experimental phantom, independent of co-present iodine.
An optimized method for the isolation and the molecular characterization of cerebral microvessels in vivo
Authors: Lee Yun-Kyoung , Smith Helen , Yuan Hui , Ito Akira , Sanchez Teresa 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe molecular characterization of cerebral microvessels in experimental disease models has been hindered by the lack of a standardized method to reproducibly isolate intact cerebral microvessels, with consistent cellular compositions, and without the use of enzymatic digestion, which causes undesirable molecular and metabolic changes. Herein, we describe an optimized method for microvessel isolation from mouse brain cortex, which yields microvessel fragments (diameter <50 μm, 89.3% 3-5 μm) with consistent populations of discrete blood-brain barrier components (endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocyte end feet), retaining high RNA integrity and protein postranslational modifications (e.g. phosphorylation). We demonstrate that this method allows the quantification of changes in gene expression in a disease model (stroke) and the activation of signalling pathways in mice subjected to drug administration. We also describe the isolation of genomic DNA and bisulfite treatment for the assessment of DNA methylation, as well as the optimization of chromatin extraction and shearing from cortical microvessels. Therefore, this protocol will be of great use to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing cerebrovascular dysfunction, which may help the development of novel therapies for stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases.