bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undoing segmentation? Latin American health care policy during the economic boom
Authors: Martínez Franzoni Juliana , Sánchez‐Ancochea Diego 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor all the agreement regarding the segmented character of Latin America's social policy, few studies define it clearly, let alone suggest exact ways to measure it. This article provides a more precise definition based on a threefold policy output comprising coverage, generosity, and equity. Empirically, the article explores the cross‐national variation in segmentation in health care within Latin America in 2000 and 2013, before and after Latin America's economic boom. The article clusters countries, evaluates which ones improved their relative position during the 2000s, and determines the overall level of segmentation in the region. Findings are twofold. First, we identify three clusters: countries that respectively do particularly well and poorly across policy dimensions in 2000 and 2013, and a smaller set of countries that improved significantly, particularly regarding coverage and generosity. Second, despite cross‐national differences, there are shared regional challenges—the risk of catastrophic expenditure being a case in point. Our analysis demonstrates the need to move beyond coverage as a policy goal and pay more attention to gaps in generosity in every country. We also call for better indicators to measure performance beyond coverage across countries, and more studies that explain the similarities and differences between countries that improved considerably during the 2000s.
Strategic Content: Representations of Epistemic Modality in Biosemantics (and Success Semantics)
Authors: Björnsson Gunnar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA central idea in Ruth Millikan's biosemantics is that a representation's content is restricted to conditions required for the normal success of actions that it has as its function to guide. This article raises and responds to a problem for this idea. The problem is that the success requirement seems to block us from saying that epistemic modal judgements represent our epistemic circumstances. For the normal success of actions guided by these judgements seems to depend on what is actually the case, not on whether or to what extent various possibilities were supported by the evidence. In response, I argue, first, that actions guided by epistemic modal judgements have as their function to implement strategies for handling epistemic circumstances, second, that the successful performance of this function requires that aspects of these circumstances obtain, and, third, that biosemantics can thus understand epistemic modal judgements as representing these aspects. The recognition of such strategic contents introduces complications; I further argue that these are benign.
Burden of dengue among febrile patients at the time of chikungunya introduction in Piedecuesta, Colombia
Authors: Carabali Mabel , Lim Jacqueline K. , Palencia Diana C. , Lozano‐Parra Anyela , Gelvez Rosa Margarita , Lee Kang Sung , Florez Janeth P. , Herrera Victor Mauricio , Kaufman Jay S. , Rojas Elsa M. , Villar Luis Angel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the age‐specific incidence of symptomatic dengue and chikungunya in Colombia.MethodA passive facility‐based fever surveillance study was conducted among individuals with undifferentiated fever. Confirmatory diagnostics included serological and molecular tests in paired samples, and surveillance's underreporting was assessed using capture–recapture methods.ResultsOf 839 febrile participants 686 completed the study. There were 33.2% (295/839) dengue infections (51% primary infections), and 35.9% (191/532) of negative dengue cases there were chikungunya cases. On average, dengue cases were younger (median = 18 years) than chikungunya cases (median = 25 years). Thrombocytopaenia and abdominal pain were the main dengue predictors, while presence of rash was the main predictor for chikungunya diagnosis. Underreporting of dengue was 31%; the estimated expansion factors indicate an underreporting rate of dengue cases of threefold for all cases and of almost sixfold for inpatients.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the ongoing coexistence of both arboviruses, a distinct clinical profile of each condition in the study area that could be used by clinicians to generate a differential diagnosis, and the presence of underreporting, mostly among hospitalised cases.
Numerical
Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Ductile Iron Ladle During Holding and
Teeming
Authors: Gopala Krishna E.
D. , Shamshoddin Shaik , Ande Raghu 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A 3D transient numerical model of a ductile iron ladle has been developed to predict the fluid flow and temperature drop during the holding and teeming. The volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model has been employed to track the interface between the liquid metal and the air. The SST k-ω model has been applied to model the turbulence due to natural convection in the ladle. The temperature evaluation in the refractory lining walls during preheating and teeming is shown. Appropriate boundary conditions are applied for natural convection and radiation to surroundings from all the outer steel surfaces as well as from the top glass wool cover. The heat loss due to radiation from the liquid metal surface to the surrounding walls is also considered in the present model by applying an energy sink term to the cells at the interface. The numerical results of the 780 kg ladle have been compared with the measured temperature drop of the metal using an S-type thermocouple for two ladle cycles and the difference between the measured and predicted temperature at the end of two cycles is 3 °C. Decreasing the ladle capacity to 650 kg for pouring the same amount of metal increased the temperature drop by 11 °C due to increase in surface area to melt volume ratio. Also increasing the refractory thickness for 650 kg ladle increased the temperature drop by 4 °C due to the heat accumulation in the ladle during the cyclic transient heat transfer process.
Experimental Study on Pressure Losses in Porous Materials
Authors: Fantozzi Giacomo , Kinell Mats , Rabal Carrera Sara , Nilsson Jenny , Kuesters Yves 
Published: September 2018

Recent technological advances in the field of additive manufacturing have made possible to manufacture turbine engine components characterized by controlled permeability in desired areas. These have shown great potential in cooling application such as convective cooling and transpiration cooling and may in the future contribute to an increase of the turbine inlet temperature. This study investigates the effects of the pressure ratio, the thickness of the porous material and the hatch distance used during manufacturing on the discharge coefficient. Moreover, two different porous structures were tested and in total 70 test objects were investigated.
Using a scanning electron microscope, it is shown that the porosity and pore radius distribution, which are a result from the used laser power, laser speed and hatch distance during manufacturing, will characterize the pressure losses in the porous sample. Furthermore, the discharge coefficient increases with increasing pressure ratio, while it decreases with increasing thickness to diameter ratio.
The obtained experimental data was used to develop a correlation for the discharge coefficient as a function of the geometrical properties and the pressure ratio.
Microcatheter navigation through the clot: does size matter?
Authors: Caroff Jildaz , King Robert M , Arslanian Rose , Marosfoi Miklos , Langan Erin T , Gounis Matthew J , Chueh Ju-Yu 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundDespite high recanalization rates achieved with endovascular treatment of acute ischemic strokes, around 50% of eligible patients will not achieve a good outcome. Parameters that may determine patient outcomes include: time from puncture to recanalization, the collateral status, the anesthesia regimen, blood pressure management, and distal emboli. Characterization of distal emboli generated during mechanical thrombectomy has been performed in previous studies.ObjectiveTo further investigate the risk of distal embolization associated with microcatheter navigation across the clot.MethodsA contrast-enhanced clot analog was used in an in vitro model that mimicked a middle cerebral artery occlusion within a complete circle of Willis vascular replica. The clot was crossed with one of the following microcatheters: Pro18, XT-27 or 3MAX. The emboli generated during the procedure were collected and measured.ResultsThe use of Pro18 and XT-27 resulted in a significant reduction of visible particles (size ≥500 µm) as compared with the 3MAX catheter (P<0.003). For the size range between 8 and 200 µm, there was a trend for Pro18 to generate fewer particles (−18%) than XT-27 but without statistical significance (P>0.05). In comparison with previously published data, acquired under the same conditions, it was found that the clot crossing maneuver accounts approximately for 12% of the total number of small emboli (<200 µm) induced during a stent retriever-mediated mechanical thrombectomy procedure via a balloon guide catheter.ConclusionsThe clot crossing maneuver has a significant effect on the total number of small particles induced during mechanical thrombectomy. Smaller microcatheter sizes should be favored when possible.
Bioptics for high hyperopia with combined multifocal intraocular lens implantation and excimer ablation in young patients
Authors: Trivizki Omer , Smadja David , Mimouni Michael , Levinger Samuel , Levinger Eliya 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:To analyze the visual and refractive outcome of the bioptics procedure combining multifocal intraocular lens implantation and excimer laser surgery in young patients with high hyperopic eyes not suitable for a single surgical procedure.Methods:This retrospective case series included 10 eyes of five patients (age range 18–30 years) with high hyperopia (spherical equivalent +8.51 ± 0.85 diopters (D)). They had been treated with serial multifocal intraocular lens implantation followed 6 weeks later by laser in situ keratomileusis for residual hyperopia. Uncorrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, corrected near visual acuity, and manifest refraction were evaluated before surgeries, after multifocal intraocular lens implantation, and 3 months post laser in situ keratomileusis.Results:No patients were lost to follow-up (6 months). The mean spherical equivalent decreased to +2.05 ± 1.33 D after multifocal intraocular lens implantation and to −0.10 ± 0.58 D after the laser in situ keratomileusis procedure. Success of the procedures was determined by uncorrected visual acuity. LogMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity improved by a total of more than six lines from 1.05 ± 0.18 LogMAR to 0.46 ± 0.12 LogMAR post multifocal intraocular lens implantation and to 0.15 ± 0.06 LogMAR after both surgeries. The LogMAR uncorrected near visual acuity increased by 0.81 ± 0.82 LogMAR after lens implantation due to loss of accommodation, and all eyes reached a LogMAR of 0 at 1 month postoperatively following laser in situ keratomileusis.Conclusions:A bioptics approach involving multifocal intraocular lens followed 6 weeks later by a laser in situ keratomileusis procedure for the correction of very high hyperopia enabled the resolution of the residual refractive error in young very high hyperopic patients.
Efficacy and Safety of Valsartan or Chlorthalidone vs. Combined Valsartan and Chlorthalidone in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension: The VACLOR Study
Authors: Manzur Fernando , Rico Andrés , Romero Juan Diego , Rodriguez-Martinez Carlos E 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of valsartan (V) or chlorthalidone (C) monotherapy in comparison with a fixed combination of valsartan and chlorthalidone (V + C). Methods: This 12-week multicenter randomized three-arm open-label study randomly allocated 72 patients to V or C as monotherapy or a combination of V + C. The aim was to measure changes in office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) from baseline to week 12, in addition to medication tolerability. Results: The proportion of patients achieving target BP in office at week 12 was not statistically different for the three groups. However, comparisons of daytime and nighttime 24-hour ABPM values from baseline to week 12 revealed significant differences in nighttime mean SBP for the three groups, due to a significantly greater reduction in the values in patients assigned to the V + C group (−14.7 vs. −8.7 vs. −10.7, P = .042, V+C; V; C, respectively). Although patients assigned to the V + C group also had greater nighttime reduction in mean DBP values compared with those in the other groups, this difference was not statistically significant. The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly. Conclusion: In patients with hypertension treated with V, C, and both medications combined, the fixed combination of V + C provided a significantly greater reduction of late night to early morning BP values when interventions were assessed with 24-hour ABPM. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT.01850160, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01850160
A survey of simulation provenance systems: modeling, capturing, querying, visualization, and advanced utilization
Authors: Suh Young-Kyoon , Lee Ki Yong 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Research and education through computer simulation has been actively conducted in various scientific and engineering fields including computational science engineering. Accordingly, there have been a lot of attentions paid to actively utilize provenance information regarding such computer simulations, particularly conducted on high-performance computing and storage resources. In this manuscript we provide a comprehensive survey of a wide range of existing systems to utilize provenance data produced by simulation. Specifically, we (1) categorize extant provenance research articles into several major themes along with well-motivated criteria, (2) grasp and compare primary functions/features of the existing systems in each category, and (3) then ultimately propose new research directions that have never been pioneered before. In particular, we present a taxonomy of scientific platforms regarding provenance support and holistically tabulate the major functionalities and supporting levels of the studied systems. Finally, we conclude this article with a summary of our contributions.
Epidemiology and microbiology of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in a tertiary-care hospital in Beijing, China: a 6-year retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Yue Yan , Zhu Lichen , Cui Jiewei , Zhu Minghui , Chen Liangan , Yang Zhen , Liang Zhixin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Gram-positive bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are serious diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. The following study examines the incidence, clinical characteristics and microbiological features, drug resistance situations and mortality associated with Gram-positive BSIs at a large Chinese tertiary-care hospital in Beijing, China.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of patients with Gram-positive BSIs was performed between January 1, 2011, and June 31, 2017, at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital. The patients’ data were collected and included in the reviewing electronic medical records.

Results
A total of 6887 episodes of Gram-positive BSIs occurred among 4275 patients over 6 years, and there were 3438 significant BSI episodes 69% of these cases were healthcare-associated, while 31% were community-associated. The overall incidence of Gram-positive BSIs fluctuated from 7.26 to 4.63 episodes per 1000 admissions over 6 years. Malignancy was the most common comorbidity and indwelling central intravenous catheter was the most common predisposing factor for BSI. Staphylococci were the major pathogen (65.5%), followed by Enterococcus spp:(17.5%), Streptococcus spp.(7.1%) and other bacterial pathogens (9.9%). The resistance rates of Staphylococci and E.faecium to penicillins were more than 90%. the vancomycin-resistant isolates were E. faecium (4.1%) and staphylococcus epidermidis (0.13%); and only E.faecalis and E.faecium showed resistance to linezolid (3.8% and 3.1%). Between 2011 and 2017, the overall mortality of Gram-positive BSIs decreased from 6.27 to 4.75% (X2 = 0.912, p = 0.892). Neverthess, the mortality in the ICU decreased from 60.46 to 47.82%, while in the general ward it increased from 39.54 to 52.18%.

Conclusions
The morbidity and mortality of Gram-positive BSIs have showed downward trends. Vancomycin and linezolid are still consider the best treatment for patients with Gram-positive BSIs.
Estimating the contribution of studies in network meta-analysis: paths, flows and streams
Authors: Papakonstantinou Theodoros , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Rücker Gerta , Chaimani Anna , Schwarzer Guido , Egger Matthias , Salanti Georgia 
Published: September 2018

In network meta-analysis, it is important to assess the influence of the limitations or other characteristics of individual studies on the estimates obtained from the network. The percentage contribution matrix, which shows how much each direct treatment effect contributes to each treatment effect estimate from network meta-analysis, is crucial in this context. We use ideas from graph theory to derive the percentage that is contributed by each direct treatment effect. We start with the ‘projection’ matrix in a two-step network meta-analysis model, called the H matrix, which is analogous to the hat matrix in a linear regression model. We develop a method to translate H entries to percentage contributions based on the observation that the rows of H can be interpreted as flow networks, where a stream is defined as the composition of a path and its associated flow. We present an algorithm that identifies the flow of evidence in each path and decomposes it into direct comparisons. To illustrate the methodology, we use two published networks of interventions. The first compares no treatment, quinolone antibiotics, non-quinolone antibiotics and antiseptics for underlying eardrum perforations and the second compares 14 antimanic drugs. We believe that this approach is a useful and novel addition to network meta-analysis methodology, which allows the consistent derivation of the percentage contributions of direct evidence from individual studies to network treatment effects.
NovoGraph: Genome graph construction from multiple long-read de novo assemblies
Authors: Biederstedt Evan , Oliver Jeffrey C. , Hansen Nancy F. , Jajoo Aarti , Dunn Nathan , Olson Andrew , Busby Ben , Dilthey Alexander T. 
Published: September 2018

Genome graphs are emerging as an important novel approach to the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data. By explicitly representing genetic variants and alternative haplotypes in a mappable data structure, they can enable the improved analysis of structurally variable and hyperpolymorphic regions of the genome. In most existing approaches, graphs are constructed from variant call sets derived from short-read sequencing. As long-read sequencing becomes more cost-effective and enables de novo assembly for increasing numbers of whole genomes, a method for the direct construction of a genome graph from sets of assembled human genomes would be desirable. Such assembly-based genome graphs would encompass the wide spectrum of genetic variation accessible to long-read-based de novo assembly, including large structural variants and divergent haplotypes. Here we present NovoGraph, a method for the construction of a genome graph directly from a set of de novo assemblies. NovoGraph constructs a genome-wide multiple sequence alignment of all input contigs and uses a simple criterion of homologous-identical recombination to convert the multiple sequence alignment into a graph. NovoGraph outputs resulting graphs in VCF format that can be loaded into third-party genome graph toolkits. To demonstrate NovoGraph, we construct a genome graph with 23,478,835 variant sites and 30,582,795 variant alleles from de novo assemblies of seven ethnically diverse human genomes (AK1, CHM1, CHM13, HG003, HG004, HX1, NA19240). Initial evaluations show that mapping against the constructed graph reduces the average mismatch rate of reads from sample NA12878 by approximately 0.2%, albeit at a slightly increased rate of reads that remain unmapped.
Case Report: Ostium secundum atrial septal defect with unilateral lung hypervascularity revealing associated right pulmonary artery stenosis
Authors: Slim Mehdi , Bodian Malick , Neffati Elies , Boughzela Essia 
Published: September 2018

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is often an isolated disease, but its association with other abnormalities can make diagnosis challenging. Careful analysis of simple complementary exams can help precise anatomical diagnosis ensuring suitable treatment. The aim of this article is to report, from a case report and literature review, diagnostic challenges and the contribution of simple complementary exams, such as chest X-ray, for the diagnostic orientation of an ASD associated with peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, as well as therapeutic particularities. Case report: We report the case of a girl born in 2007, with history of dyspnoea and recurrent bronchitis in whom a loud systolic murmur was detected fortuitously at the age of 2 years. Her clinical examination was otherwise normal. The electrocardiogram recorded sinus rhythm, incomplete right bundle branch block, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Chest X-ray showed moderate cardiomegaly and hypervascularity of the left lung field contrasting with reduced blood flow to the right lung. Doppler echocardiography revealed a wide ostium secundum ASD, right chamber volume overload and right pulmonary artery stenosis. The latter was confirmed by CT angiography and right cardiac catheterization. The patient underwent percutaneous right pulmonary artery dilation with stent placement. Control chest X-ray noted bilateral hypervascularity of the lung. The ASD was closed percutaneously one year later. The outcome was uneventful. Conclusion: The combination of ASD with pulmonary artery stenosis limits pulmonary hyperflow. In our case, this stenosis was tight and sat on the right branch of the pulmonary artery reducing significantly blood flow to the ipsilateral lung. Careful chest X-ray analysis may suggest diagnosis, which can be confirmed by ultrasounds and if necessary, by further examination, allowing treatment adaptation. To our knowledge, this association is very rare and no similar case has been reported.
SECULARISMO NO DIREITO – INFLUÊNCIA RELIGIOSA NAS SENTENÇAS: UMA PERSPECTIVA SOBRE O RESPEITO AOS DIREITOS INDIVIDUAIS
Authors: Oliveira Cristiane Catarina Fagundes de , Oliveira Romulo André Alegretti de , Soares João Roberto Assunção 
Published: September 2018

A imparcialidade deve ser uma obsessão da atividade jurisdicional,que é uma função estatal fundamental no Estado Democrático de Direito. É necessário que a Justiça trate todos de forma igual, um pressuposto básico do liberalismo, tese dominante nas democracias ocidentais. Dentro de tal ótica de um Estado isento, desenvolveram-se, principalmente a partir do século XV, a secularidade e a laicidade, que significam o afastamento do Clero dos assuntos do Estado.