bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promotion of healthy eating in clubs with junior teams in Australia: A cross‐sectional study of club representatives and parents
Authors: Gonzalez Sharleen , Clinton‐McHarg Tara , Kingsland Melanie , Hall Alix , Lecathelinais Christophe , Milner Sharin , Sherker Shauna , Rogers Ben , Doran Christopher , Brooke Daisy , Wiggers John , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIssues addressedTo: (i) describe the prevalence of policies and practices promoting healthy eating implemented by sports clubs with junior teams; (ii) examine differences in such practices across geographic and operational characteristics of clubs; and (iii) describe the attitudes of club representatives and parents regarding the acceptability of sports clubs implementing policies and practices to promote healthy eating.MethodsCross‐sectional telephone surveys of junior community football club management representatives and parents/carers of junior players were conducted in the states of New South Wales and Victoria, Australia in 2016.ResultsSeventy‐nine of the 89 club representatives approached to participate completed the telephone survey. All clubs (100%; 95% CI 96.2‐100.0) reported recommending fruit or water be provided to players after games or at half‐time, 24% (95% CI 14.4‐33.7) reported promoting healthy food options through prominent positioning at point of sale and only 8% (95% CI 1.6‐13.6) of clubs had a written healthy eating policy. There were no significant differences between the mean number of healthy eating policies and practices implemented by club socio‐economic or geographic characteristics. Club representatives and parents/carers were supportive of clubs promoting healthy eating for junior players.ConclusionsWhile there is strong support within sporting clubs with junior teams for policies and practices to promote healthy eating, their implementation is highly variable.So what?A considerable opportunity remains for health promotion policy and practice improvement in clubs with junior teams, particularly regarding policies related to nutrition.
Fundamental solution of steady and transient bio heat transfer equations especially for skin burn and hyperthermia treatments
Authors: Deka Kashmiri , Bhanja Dipankar , Nath Sujit 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the field of bio heat transfer, as of now, the main concern of researchers lies in the proper and accurate thermal damage of the diseased tissues without destroying or damaging the neighboring healthy tissues during the tumor treatment. The present work aims to develop a new approach toward solving the bio heat transfer equations for the skin burn and hyperthermia treatments. Both analytical and numerical solutions are proposed. For the analytical study, a differential transform method is used to solve steady and unsteady state heat equations. The finite volume method is adopted to solve these equations numerically, which provides a better scope to solve the highly nonlinear complex equations. To obtain a complete solution, a code is developed in MATLAB and MATHEMATICA. The variation of different parameters, such as perfusion constant, space heating, surface step heating, and thermal conductivity, with time were observed. Apart from the above analysis of temperature distribution during skin burn through the spilling of hot beverage, its numerical solution was also performed for this problem at different boundary conditions. It was observed that with the help of the temperature distribution, depending on the time and the severity of the burn, different ranges of depths of the burn can be determined.
Effects of hypnotics on prefrontal cortex activity during a verbal fluency task in healthy male subjects: A near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Tsuruta Yoshiyuki , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Banno Masahiro , Kawano Naoko , Kohmura Kunihiro , Miyata Seiko , Fujishiro Hiroshige , Noda Yukihiro , Noda Akiko , Iritani Shuji , Ozaki Norio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of hypnotics on prefrontal cortex activity in healthy subjects using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial.MethodsEighteen healthy males received acute doses of ramelteon (8 mg), triazolam (0.125 mg), or placebo in a predetermined randomization schedule, with a washout period of more than 1 week. All subjects performed a verbal fluency task during NIRS assessments at baseline and at 1 and 4 hr post‐dose. The number of words correctly generated during the task (behavioral performance) and scores on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) were also recorded at each test time.ResultsCompared with the placebo, triazolam (0.125 mg) significantly decreased oxyhemoglobin (oxy‐Hb) concentration change in NIRS during the posttask period and significantly increased behavioral performance, whereas triazolam (0.125 mg) and ramelteon (8 mg) significantly increased SSS scores.ConclusionsThe differential effects of two types of hypnotics on oxy‐Hb change measured by NIRS were observed in acute dosing, suggesting that when assessing brain activity of patients with psychiatric disorders, researchers should consider how certain types of hypnotics can influence brain function. This would also provide useful information to clinicians when prescribing hypnotics suitable for their patients' conditions.
Supramolecular Chemistry in Solid State Materials such as Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Fracaroli Alejandro M. , de Rossi Rita H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSupramolecular chemistry has enriched the scientific research for more than fifty years reaching one of its summits in 2016, when the Chemistry Nobel Prize was awarded for the design and synthesis of molecular machines, in which host‐guest chemistry plays a fundamental role. Recently, the groups of Omar Yaghi and Fraser Stoddart, among others, have demonstrated that this chemistry can be extended to the pores of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). This heterogenization of supramolecular chemistry can be achieved through the incorporation of macrocycles to the organic struts of these highly porous and crystalline materials. Throughout this short review we summarize interesting examples of selective recognition by naturally occurring and synthetic macrocycles in solution and solid state; and later we survey important milestones to achieve specific recognition sites and develop host‐guest chemistry at the pores of MOFs.	This summary contains examples of different synthetic strategies to incorporate macrocycles to solid state materials, and in particular, to prepare supramolecular MOFs with particular properties and related applications. Specifically, the revised research includes the incorporation of both naturally occurring and synthetic macrocycles to solid state materials such as polymers, metal nanoparticles, etc., as prelude of the solid phase recognition studied in MOFs. An important number of the contributions presented here feature porous solids with smooth access to the host's cavity incorporated in the pores, allowing specific recognition of guest molecules. This smooth access to those active recognition sites in materials with extremely high surface area such as MOFs, open the possibility to develop the next generation of frontier materials with application in fields such as selective capture of water toxins and heterogeneous catalysis, among others.
Challenges during diapause and anhydrobiosis: Mitochondrial bioenergetics and desiccation tolerance
Authors: Hand Steven C. , Moore Daniel S. , Patil Yuvraj 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn preparation for the onset of environmental challenges like overwintering, food limitation, anoxia, or water stress, many invertebrates and certain killifish enter diapause. Diapause is a developmentally‐programed dormancy characterized by suppression of development and metabolism. For embryos of Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp), the metabolic arrest is profound. These gastrula‐stage embryos depress oxidative metabolism by ~99% during diapause and survive years of severe desiccation in a state termed anhydrobiosis. Trehalose is the sole fuel source for this developmental stage. Mitochondrial function during diapause is downregulated primarily by restricting substrate supply, as a result of inhibiting key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Because proton conductance across the inner membrane is not decreased during diapause, the inference is that membrane potential must be compromised. In the absence of any intervention, the possibility exists that the F1Fo ATP synthase and the adenine nucleotide translocator may reverse, leading to wholesale hydrolysis of cellular ATP.Studies with anhydrobiotes like A. franciscana are revealing multiple traits useful for improving desiccation tolerance that include the expression and accumulation late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins and trehalose. LEA proteins are intrinsically disordered in aqueous solution but gain secondary structure (predominantly α‐helix) as water is removed. These protective agents stabilize biological structures including lipid bilayers and mitochondria during severe water stress. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(12):1251–1259, 2018
Biodegradable polyanhydride‐based nanomedicines for blood to brain drug delivery
Authors: Brenza Timothy M. , Schlichtmann Benjamin W. , Bhargavan Biju , Vela Ramirez Julia E. , Nelson Rainie D. , Panthani Matthew G. , McMillan JoEllyn M. , Kalyanaraman Balaraman , Gendelman Howard E. , Anantharam Vellareddy , Kanthasamy Anumantha G. , Mallapragada Surya K. , Narasimhan Balaji , Kanmogne Georgette D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn urgent need to deliver therapeutics across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) underlies a paucity of effective therapies currently available for treatment of degenerative, infectious, traumatic, chemical, and metabolic disorders of the nervous system. With an eye toward achieving this goal, an in vitro BBB model was employed to simulate biodegradable polyanhydride nanoparticle‐based drug delivery to the brain. Using a combination of confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and high performance liquid chromatography, we examined the potential of polyanhydride nanoparticles containing the anti‐oxidant, mito‐apocynin, to be internalized and then transferred from monocytes to human brain microvascular endothelial cells. The efficacy of this nanoparticle‐based delivery platform was demonstrated by neuronal protection against oxidative stress. Taken together, this polyanhydride nanoparticle‐based delivery system holds promise for enhancing neuroprotection by facilitating drug transport across the BBB. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2881–2890, 2018.
Tuning microenvironment for multicellular spheroid formation in thermo‐responsive anionic microgel scaffolds
Authors: Cui Xiaolin , Hartanto Yusak , Wu Chengtie , Bi Jingxiu , Dai Sheng , Zhang Hu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTumor spheroids are considered to be effective in drug screening and evaluation. Three‐dimensional scaffold‐based cell culture becomes very promising in producing multicellular spheroids. Different from other approaches, 3D scaffolds mimic in vivo cellular microenvironment which encourages intercellular and extracellular interactions. The properties of the cellular microenvironment include the surface wettability, chemistry, and charge of the scaffolds which may influence cell attachment, proliferation as well as migration and these properties are essential for multicellular spheroids formation. Through co‐polymerization with different carboxylic acids, we demonstrate that the surface charge density and hydrophobicity of the microenvironment have a great impact on the tumor spheroids formation progress and their size distribution. Our results show that a scaffold with a moderate negative charge density and a highly hydrophilic surface promotes cell proliferation, resulting in quicker and larger spheroids formation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2899–2909, 2018.
In vitro cytotoxic and in vivo antitumoral activities of some aminomethyl derivatives of 2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiones—Evaluation of their acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase enzymes inhibition profiles
Authors: Timur İrfan , Kocyigit Ümit M. , Dastan Taner , Sandal Süleyman , Ceribası Ali Osman , Taslimi Parham , Gulcin İlhami , Koparir Metin , Karatepe Mustafa , Çiftçi Mehmet 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe 1,2,4‐triazole and its derivatives were reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, antitumoural, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties. In this study, a series of triazole compounds (M1‐M10) were evaluated for some biological activities. In vitro qualifications of these compounds on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities were performed. Also, their antitumoral activities in human colon cancer (HT29) cell line cultures were examined. In addition, colon cancer experimentation was induced in rats by an in vivo method, and the in vivo anticancer effects of triazole derivatives were investigated. Also, the effects of these derivatives in levels of antioxidant vitamin A, vitamin E, and MDA were studied in rat liver and blood samples. Most of the compounds were found to exhibit significant antioxidant and antitumoral activities. All the compounds had cytotoxic activities on HT29 cell lines with their IC50 values lower than 10 µM concentrations. The low IC
50 values of the compounds are M1 (3.88 µM), M2 (2.18 µM), M3 (4.2 µM), M4 (2.58 µM), M5 (2.88 µM), M6 (2.37 µM), M7 (3.49 µM), M8 (4.01 µM), M9 (8.90 µM), and M10 (3.12 µM).
A study on the interaction between cadmium and α‐chymotrypsin and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Wang Jing , Zheng Xiaolin , Wang Weichao , Guo Hongli , Liu Rutao , Zong Wansong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBecause cadmium might interact with proteins and, thus, exert toxicity in organisms, it is vital to understand the molecular mechanism of the interaction between cadmium and biologically relevant proteins as well as the structural and functional changes in these proteins. In this study, the interaction between α‐chymotrypsin (α‐ChT) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was investigated by performing enzyme activity determinations, multispectroscopic measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular docking studies. It was demonstrated that CdCl
2 binds to α‐ChT mainly via electrostatic forces with (21.0 ± 0.982) binding sites, leading to the increase of α‐helix and the decrease of β‐sheet. The interaction between CdCl
2 and α‐ChT loosened the protein skeleton and increased the molecular volume of α‐ChT. CdCl
2 first binds to the interface of α‐ChT and then interacts with the key residues His 57 or Asp 102 or both in the active sites, leading to the activity inhibition of α‐ChT under the exposure of high CdCl
2 concentrations.
Sirtuin3 deficiency exacerbates carbon tetrachloride−induced hepatic injury in mice
Authors: Li Xinshuai , Song Shu , Xu Mengting , Hua Yuyun , Ding Yun , Shan Xiaoyu , Meng Guoliang , Wang Yuqin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSirtuin3 (SIRT3) plays an important role in maintaining normal mitochondrial function and alleviating oxidative stress. After carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration, the expression of SIRT3 decreased in the liver of mice, which indicated that the SIRT3 might play a crucial role during chemical‐induced acute hepatic injury. To verify the hypothesis, CCl
4 was given to induce acute hepatic injury in SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice and wild‐type (WT) mice. CCl
4‐induced liver injury was more severe in SIRT3 KO mice compared with the WT mice. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by CCl
4 was enhanced in the SIRT3 KO mice. Furthermore, the increased expression of dynamin‐related protein 1 was also aggravated in SIRT3 KO mice after CCl
4 administration. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SIRT3 deficiency exacerbated CCl
4‐induced impairment of the liver in mice, and the mechanism might be related to enhanced oxidative stress.
Mechanism‐based inactivation of cytochrome P450 2D6 by chelidonine
Authors: Liu Yuyang , Cui Tiantian , Peng Ying , Ji Mingshan , Zheng Jiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChelidonine (CHE) is a major bioactive constituent of greater celandine, a plant used in traditional herbal medicines. CHE has widely been used as an analgesic in clinical settings. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of CHE on human cytochrome P450 enzymes. CHE produced time‐, concentration‐, and NADPH‐dependent inhibition of CYP2D6, with K
I and
k
inact values of 20.49 μM and 11.05 min
−1, respectively. Approximately 76% of CYP2D6 activity was suppressed after 9 minute incubation with CHE (50 μM). The loss of enzyme activity was not restored following dialysis. The estimated partition ratio of the inactivation was about 156. Quinidine, a competitive inhibitor of CYP2D6, attenuated the CHE‐mediated enzyme inactivation, while glutathione and catalase/superoxide dismutase did not markedly ameliorate the inhibitory effect. Upon oxidation using potassium ferricyanide, the 15.1% activity of CYP2D6 was restored. These findings indicate that CHE acted as a mechanism‐based inactivator of CYP2D6 and the observed effects may induce potential drug‐drug interactions.
Candesartan and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate ameliorate gentamicin‐induced renal damage in rats through p38‐MAPK and NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Ahmed Hebatalla I. , Mohamed Eman A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study pointed to estimate the possible protective impacts of candesartan and/or epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) against gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity. The current work revealed that gentamicin significantly elevated relative kidney weight and the serum level of creatinine and urea. Also, renal level of malondialdehyde was significantly increased with a concurrent decrease in renal glutathione‐S‐transferase and superoxide dismutase activities. Moreover, renal levels of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38‐MAPK) were increased together with the elevation of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐1 beta levels after gentamicin treatment. In addition, caspase‐3 expression was elevated, and histological examination revealed extreme alterations enlightening inflammation, degeneration, and necrosis. Pretreatments with candesartan and/or EGCG attenuated gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity. Importantly, the altered expression of p38‐MAPK and NF‐κB may play a significant role in the protective mechanisms exerted by candesartan and EGCG. Coadministration of candesartan and EGCG exhibited more profound response compared with the monotherapy.
Characterizing the noncovalent binding behavior of tartrazine to lysozyme: A combined spectroscopic and computational analysis
Authors: Chen Xue , Qin Pengfei , Zheng Xiuwen , Hu Zunfu , Zong Wansong , Zhang Dongsheng , Yang Baochan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTartrazine is a stable water‐soluble azo dye widely used as a food additive, which could pose potential threats to humans and the environment. In this paper, we evaluated the response mechanism between tartrazine and lysozyme under simulated conditions by means of biophysical methods, including multiple spectroscopic techniques, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular docking studies. From the multispectroscopic analysis, we found that tartrazine could effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of lysozyme to form a complex and lead to the conformational and microenvironmental changes of the enzyme. The ITC measurements suggested that the electrostatic forces played a major role in the binding of tartrazine to lysozyme with two binding sites. Finally, the molecular docking indicated that tartrazine had specific interactions with the residues of Trp108. The study provides an important insight within the binding mechanism of tartrazine to lysozyme in vitro.
Network of three specific microRNAs influence type 2 diabetes through inducing insulin resistance in muscle cell lines
Authors: Honardoost Maryam , Keramati Farid , Arefian Ehsan , Mohammadi Yeganeh Samira , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInsulin resistance has been implicated as one of the best predictors for type 2 diabetes. Growing evidence propose the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) as short regulatory molecules in modulating and inducing resistance. In this regard, we have investigated the role of three selected miRNAs in insulin resistance development (miR‐135, miR‐202, and miR‐214), via assessing glucose uptake levels in C2C12 and L6 muscle cell lines. Interestingly, miRNA‐transfected cells demonstrated a significantly different glucose uptake compared to the positive control cells. In addition, we evaluated the expression levels of three putative miRNA target genes (Rho‐associated coiled‐coil containing protein kinase 1, serine/threonine kinase 2, and vesicle‐associated membrane protein 2) in transfected cells, recruiting luciferase assay. Our results indicated the targeting and downregulation of Rho‐associated coiled‐coil containing protein kinase 1 and serine/threonine kinase 2 genes in all miR‐transfected cell lines (
P ≤ 0.05), but not for vesicle‐associated membrane protein 2. MiRNA upregulation led to the poor stimulation of glucose uptake through insulin and developed insulin‐resistant phenotype in both muscle cell lines. Our study showed the role of three miRNAs in the induction of insulin resistance in cell lines and making them prone to type 2 diabetes development.
Downregulation of PTEN by sodium orthovanadate protects the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury after chronic atorvastatin treatment
Authors: Cheng Yutong , Sun Tao , Yin Chengqian , Wang Su , Li Zhao , Tao Ying , Zhang Jingmei , Li Zhizhong , Zhang Hongju 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAcute statin treatment has been reported to be critical in protecting the cardiac cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway. In vitro rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model, chronic statin treatment led to upregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). This has been potentially indicated the correlation in PTEN and protective effect of statin on myocardium. In this current study, we evaluated the role of sodium orthovanadate a nonspecific inhibitor to PTEN and its correlation with atorvastatin on protecting myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury. We found a long‐term statin treatment could increase the PTEN level, and this process was counteracted in the presence of sodium orthovanadate. However, the phosphotyrosine level was not affected by this statin. Besides, this process was mediated by Akt signaling since phosphorylated Akt level was altered by statin and sodium orthovanadate treatment. In a conclusion, this study showed a potential mechanism underlying PTEN‐induced attenuation in long‐term statin’s therapeutic effect, which provided the new insight into the synergic role of PTEN and atorvastatin in protecting cardiac cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury.