bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Analyses and Human Health Assessments of Heavy Metals for Surface Water Quality in the Xiangjiang River Basin, China
Authors: Jiang Dongyi , Wang Yunyan , Zhou Sangyang , Long Zhe , Liao Qi , Yang Jinqin , Fan Juan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pollution by heavy metals in river water is becoming a major subject of global drinking water concern, and the Xiangjiang River is one of the most heavily polluted rivers in China. Water samples were collected from 17 sites spanning the entire Xiangjiang watershed from 2005 to 2016 to investigate spatial–temporal distributions and potential human health risks related to 8 metal pollutants (As, Cd, Hg, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Se). The results of spatial–temporal distribution analyses proved that most metals were below the guideline limits the majority of the time. However, the hazard index and carcinogenic risk analyses indicated that As and Cr were associated with a potential risk of cancer, although noncarcinogenic heavy metals in general and carcinogenic risk declined year by year. A nonparametric seasonal Mann-Kendall's test revealed that there were notable decreasing trends in As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Pb for most sites, whereas Se and Hg significantly increased in some areas over the targeted 12 yr. The results of principal component analysis agreed with those of dual hierarchical cluster analysis in the identification of pollution sources, the results of which are as follows: 1) As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Zn were mainly derived from anthropogenic activities and the smelting industry; 2) Cr and Cu mainly originated from agricultural or industrial activities; and 3) Se was predominantly from natural erosion. The present study will be conducive to optimizing the distribution of water monitoring stations and drafting remediation strategies pertaining to the protection of public health in metal-polluted areas. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1645–1657. © 2019 SETAC
The neural correlates of the awe experience: Reduced default mode network activity during feelings of awe
Authors: van Elk Michiel , Arciniegas Gomez M. Andrea , van der Zwaag Wietske , van Schie Hein T. , Sauter Disa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present fMRI study, we aimed to obtain insight into the key brain networks involved in the experience of awe—a complex emotion that is typically elicited by perceptually vast stimuli. Participants were presented with awe‐eliciting, positive and neutral videos, while they were instructed to get fully absorbed in the scenery or to count the number of perspective changes. By using a whole‐brain analysis we found that several brain regions that are considered part of the default mode network (DMN), including the frontal pole, the angular gyrus, and the posterior cingulate cortex, were more strongly activated in the absorption condition. But this was less the case when participants were watching awe videos. We suggest that while watching awe videos, participants were deeply immersed in the videos and that levels of self‐reflective thought were as much reduced during the awe videos, as during the perspective counting condition. In contrast, key regions of the fronto‐parietal network (FPN), including the supramarginal gyrus, the medial frontal gyrus, and the insula, were most strongly activated in the analytical condition when participants were watching awe compared to positive and neutral videos. This finding underlines the captivating, immersive, and attention‐grabbing nature of awe stimuli that is considered to be responsible for reductions in self‐reflective thought. Together these findings suggest that a key feature of the experience of awe is a reduced engagement in self‐referential processing, in line with the subjective self‐report measures (i.e., participants perceived their self to be smaller).
Role of psychosocial risk factors in predicting maternal and paternal depressive symptomatology during pregnancy
Authors: Tambelli Renata , Trentini Cristina , Trovato Annamaria , Volpi Barbara 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of several psychosocial risk factors in predicting depressive symptomatology during pregnancy in mothers and fathers, respectively. A total of 146 primiparous mothers and 105 primiparous fathers reporting a psychosocial risk condition were recruited independently from maternity and child health services, during the second trimester of pregnancy. All parents were evaluated for depressive symptomatology, anxiety, and perceived social support. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the role of psychosocial factors in predicting depressive symptomatology during pregnancy, in mothers and fathers. Marital dissatisfaction, personal history of depression, and personal trait anxiety were identified as significant predictors of depressive symptomatology during pregnancy, both in mothers and in fathers. Family history of substance abuse, conflictual relationship with the parents in the past year, and bereavement in the past year were identified as significant factors contributing to elevated depressive symptoms during pregnancy in mothers, but not fathers. In this study, several psychosocial risk factors were consistently related to an increase in maternal and paternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy; some of these factors seem to be specifically related to maternal depressive mood.
Tuning the “violin” of protein kinases: The role of dynamics‐based allostery
Authors: Ahuja Lalima G. , Taylor Susan S. , Kornev Alexandr P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe intricacies of allosteric regulation of protein kinases continue to engage the research community. Allostery, or control from a distance, is seen as a fundamental biomolecular mechanism for proteins. From the traditional methods of conformational selection and induced fit, the field has grown to include the role of protein motions in defining a dynamics‐based allosteric approach. Harnessing of these continuous motions in the protein to exert allosteric effects can be defined by a “violin” model that focuses on distributions of protein vibrations as opposed to concerted pathways. According to this model, binding of an allosteric modifier causes global redistribution of dynamics in the protein kinase domain that leads to changes in its catalytic properties. This model is consistent with the “entropy‐driven allostery” mechanism proposed by Cooper and Dryden in 1984 and does not require, but does not exclude, any major structural changes. We provide an overview of practical implementation of the violin model and how it stands amidst the other known models of protein allostery. Protein kinases have been described as the biomolecules of interest. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(6):685–696, 2019
Selenium uptake and fruit quality of pear (Pyrus communis L.) treated with foliar Se application
Authors: Deng Xiao-Fang , Zhao Zhu-Qing , Han Zeng-Yu , Huang Li-Qiang , Lv Chen-Hao , Zhang Zhi-Hua , Zhang Hai-Qing , Liu Xin-Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConsuming selenium (Se)‐rich fruit may play an important role in human health by supplementing Se. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the Se tolerance of pear trees and (2) explore the effects of different Se sources and spraying dates on Se concentrations and transformation of inorganic Se into organic Se compounds in various parts of the pear tree and on fruit quality. Spraying Se(IV) or Se(VI) at a concentration of > 40 mg L−1 resulted in leaf yellowing, marginal withering, and finally leaf abscission. Furthermore, fruit growth and appearance were adversely affected at high Se doses. At the same application stage, Se concentrations in different parts of the fruit were 1.1–4.7 times higher under Se(VI) compared to Se(IV) treatment. For the same Se source, Se concentrations under treatment at the fruit expanding stage were 1.9–2.5 times higher than under treatment at the fruit‐setting stage. Of the total Se in the fruit, 40% accumulated in the juice under Se(IV) treatment and > 70% under Se(VI) treatment. However, regardless of the Se source, the Se in the juice was almost all inorganic, while the transformation of inorganic Se into organic Se compounds was > 80% and 70% in the peel and pomace, respectively. Foliar Se application somewhat improved fruit quality by increasing the concentration of soluble solids. Compared to other species, Se tolerance in pear trees was relatively low. Given the high accumulation of Se and efficient transformation of inorganic Se into organic Se compounds in the peel, consumption of unpeeled Se‐rich pears is recommended.
A national overview of surgical misadventures in head and neck surgery: “Oh No, You Cut It”
Authors: Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Randolph Gregory , Walsh Jarrett , Owen Scott , Kandil Emad 
Published: May 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine the risk and prevalence of accidental intraoperative injury reported during head and neck surgeries and the associated outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis.MethodsAn analysis utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database, 2010 to 2014. Adult patients with a reported accidental intraoperative injury were compared to controls without such injuries.ResultsA total of 173 cases and 105,659 controls were included. Most cases were reported in surgeries of the mouth/tonsils (29.4%) and maxillofacial bones/mandible (22.5%). The remaining cases were reported in surgeries of the pharynx/larynx (17.5%), nose/paranasal sinuses (15.4%), salivary glands and ducts (6.2%), thyroid/parathyroid (5.2%), and ear (3.8%). The multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that surgeries of the pharynx/larynx were associated with the highest risk of injuries compared to other site surgeries (odds ratio [OR]: 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49, 4.25, P < .001]. Concomitant neck dissection was also independently associated with the risk of injury (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 2.05, 8.09, P < .001]. Compared to controls, cases were not associated with an increased risk of mortality (P = .63) or readmission (P = .29); however, those cases had a significantly longer hospital stay on average by 3.64 ± 0.95 days/case (P < .001) and a higher cost of treatment on average by $13,478 ± 119.42/case (P < .001).ConclusionsThis study reports on the prevalence and outcomes of accidental intraoperative injuries reported in head and neck surgeries. The prevalence is relatively low, and the annual trend appears stable; however, it is associated with a significant burden on the health system.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130:918–924, 2020
A four‐way broadband filtering power divider with improved matching network for X‐band application
Authors: Wang Wensong , Zheng Yuanjin , Cao Qunsheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study presents a novel design methodology of one‐to‐four filtering power divider (FPD) with a broadband response. It comprises three one‐to‐two power dividers (PDs) and a broadband bandpass filtering circuit in series. The impedance transformer of the one‐to‐two PD is designed into a dual‐T‐type symmetrical structure for improving the matching network and broadening the bandwidth, which includes a tapered transmission line, two cascaded microstrip lines with the same characteristic impedance, as well as a stepped‐impedance open stub. The bandpass filtering circuit is formed by three coupled quarter‐wavelength microstrip lines in parallel, where the intermediate subresonator is grounded via a hole instead of half wavelength line for pursuing a wider bandpass characteristic. The proposed FPD is fabricated and measured. The good performance is achieved with the return loss of >13.8 dB for input/output ports as well as minimum insertion loss of <0.21 dB (over the −6 dB splitting ratio) from 7.3 to 13 GHz.
Calculation of lung mean dose and quantification of error for 90Y‐microsphere radioembolization using 99mTc‐MAA SPECT/CT and diagnostic chest CT
Authors: Lopez Benjamin , Mahvash Armeen , Lam Marnix G. E. H. , Kappadath S. Cheenu 
Published: May 2019

PurposeCurrent treatment planning for 90Y radioembolization estimates lung mean dose (LMD) by measuring the lung shunt fraction (LSF) from 99mTc‐macroaggregated albumin (MAA) planar imaging and assuming a 1‐kg lung mass. This methodology, however, overestimates LSF and LMD and could therefore unnecessarily limit the dose to target volume(s). We propose an improved LMD calculation that derives LSF from 99mTc‐MAA SPECT/CT and the patient‐specific lung mass from diagnostic chest CT. Furthermore, we investigated the errors in lung mass, LSF, and LMD arising from contour variability in patient data in order to estimate the precision of our proposed methodology.MethodsOur proposed LMD (LMDnew) calculation consisted of the following steps: (a) estimate liver counts from the MAA SPECT/CT liver contour; (b) estimate total lung counts by multiplying density (counts/g) from the MAA SPECT/CT left‐lung contour by the total lung mass (g) from the diagnostic CT lung contours; (c) compute LSFnew from liver and lung counts; (d) calculate LMDnew using LSFnew and the total lung mass from the diagnostic CT (Mnew). LMDnew, LSFnew, and Mnew estimates were compared to standard model values (LMDclin, LSFclin, and 1 kg, respectively) in 52 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent radioembolization using 90Y glass microspheres. The precision of our methodology was quantified by varying lung and liver contours in the same patient population and calculating the resulting relative errors in the liver count, lung count, and lung mass measurements.ResultsThe median Mnew was 839 g (range, 550–1178 g) for men and 731 g (range, 548–869 g) for women. The median LSFnew was 0.02 (range, 0.01–0.11), while the median LMDnew was 4.9 Gy (range, 0.3–25.5 Gy). Mnew, LSFnew, and LMDnew were significantly lower than Mclin, LSFclin, and LMDclin, with respective relative mean (±SD) differences of −20% (±16%) for Mnew, −63% (±15%) for LSFnew, and −53% (±23%) for LMDnew. The estimated 1‐sigma uncertainties in Mnew, LSFnew, and LMDnew were 9%, 10%, and 13%, respectively.ConclusionsWe derived a method to calculate lung mass and LSF using routinely available diagnostic chest CT and 99mTc‐MAA SPECT/CT. More importantly, we systematically quantified the errors in our measurements to establish the precision of the estimated lung dose (13%). The proposed methodology provides a more accurate LMD and an estimate of its precision, which will improve treatment and retreatment planning for 90Y radioembolizations.
Synthesis of ZnFe2O4@MnO2 Multilevel Nanosheets Structure and Its Electrochemical Properties as Positive Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Shuanggan , Zhang Xinyang , Wu Yunpeng , Liu Xilong , Meng Yanan , Zhao Xudong , Liu Porf. Xiaoyang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractZnFe2O4@MnO2 was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The morphology of ZnFe2O4@MnO2 was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM and TEM photographs showed that the structure of manganese dioxide was affected by the reaction time. The composition of this compound was investigated by XRD and XPS. Electrochemical tests showed that ZnFe2O4@MnO2 had more desirable electrical properties than ZnFe2O4, and the areal capacitance was 1442 Fg−1 at 2 mA cm−2. It also showed that ZnFe2O4@MnO2 possessed superior stability (90%remained after 3000 cycles). Activated carbon and ZnFe2O4@MnO2 were used to form the negative and positive electrodes of an asymmetric supercapacitor, respectively. The asymmetric supercapacitor had an energy density and power density of 49.7 Wh kg−1 and 1918.4 W kg−1, respectively.
Efficient Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Zinc–Bromine Flow Battery
Authors: Xiang Hong‐Xin , Tan Ai‐Dong , Piao Jin‐Hua , Fu Zhi‐Yong , Liang Zhen‐Xing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe zinc–bromine flow battery (ZBFB) is one of the most promising technologies for large‐scale energy storage. Here, nitrogen‐doped carbon is synthesized and investigated as the positive electrode material in ZBFBs. The synthesis includes the carbonization of the glucose precursor and nitrogen doping by etching in ammonia gas. Physicochemical characterizations reveal that the resultant carbon exhibits high electronic conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundant heteroatom‐containing functional groups, which benefit the formation and exposure of the active sites toward the Br2/Br− redox couple. As a result, the assembled ZBFB achieves a voltage efficiency of 83.0% and an energy efficiency of 82.5% at a current density of 80 mA cm−2, which are among the top values in literature. Finally, the ZBFB does not yield any detectable degradation in performance after a 200‐cycle charging/discharging test, revealing its high stability. In summary, this work provides a highly efficient electrode material for the zinc–bromine flow battery.
Wilson surface central charge from holographic entanglement entropy
Authors: Estes John , Krym Darya , O’Bannon Andy , Robinson Brandon , Rodgers Ronnie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe use entanglement entropy to define a central charge associated to a twodimensional defect or boundary in a conformal field theory (CFT). We present holographic calculations of this central charge for several maximally supersymmetric CFTs dual to eleven-dimensional supergravity in Anti-de Sitter space, namely the M5-brane theory with a Wilson surface defect and three-dimensional CFTs related to the M2-brane theory with a boundary. Our results for the central charge depend on a partition ofNM2-branes ending onMM5-branes. For the Wilson surface, the partition specifies a representation of the gauge algebra, and we write our result for the central charge in a compact form in terms of the algebra’s Weyl vector and the representation’s highest weight vector. We explore how the central charge scales withNandMfor some examples of partitions. In general the central charge does not scale asM3orN3/2, the number of degrees of freedom of the M5- or M2-brane theory at largeMorN, respectively.
Association Between Gender, Surgery and Mortality for Patients Treated at Médecins Sans Frontières Trauma Centre in Kunduz, Afghanistan
Authors: Tounsi Linnea Latifa , Daebes Hadjer Latif , Gerdin Wärnberg Martin , Nerlander Maximilian , Jaweed Momer , Mamozai Bashir Ahmad , Nasim Masood , Drevin Gustaf , Trelles Miguel , von Schreeb Johan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is paucity of literature describing type of injury and care for females in conflicts. This study aimed to describe the injury pattern and outcome in terms of surgery and mortality for female patients presenting to Médecins Sans Frontières Trauma Centre in Kunduz, Afghanistan, and compare them with males.Materials and MethodsThis study retrospectively analysed patient data from 17,916 patients treated at the emergency department in Kunduz between January and September 2015, before its destruction by aerial bombing in October the same year. Routinely collected data on patient characteristics, injury patterns, triage category, time to arrival and outcome were retrieved and analysed. Comparative analyses were conducted using logistic regression.ResultsFemales constituted 23.6% of patients. Burns and back injuries were more common among females (1.4% and 3.3%) than among males (0.6% and 2.0%). In contrast, open wounds and thoracic injuries were more common among males (10.1% and 0.6%) than among females (5.2% and 0.2%). Females were less likely to undergo surgery (OR 0.60, CI 0.528–0.688), and this remained significant after adjustment for age, nature of injury, triage category, multiple injuries and delay to arrival (OR 0.80, CI 0.690–0.926). Females also had lower unadjusted odds of mortality (OR 0.49, CI 0.277–0.874), but this was not significant in the adjusted analysis (OR 0.81, CI 0.446–1.453).ConclusionOur main findings suggest that females seeking care at Kunduz Trauma Centre arrived later, had different injury patterns and were less likely to undergo surgery as compared to males.
Characterization of seasonal glacial seismicity from a single-station on-ice record at Holtedahlfonna, Svalbard
Authors: Köhler Andreas , Maupin Valerie , Nuth Christopher , van Pelt Ward 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTGlacial seismicity provides important insights into glacier dynamic processes. We study the temporal distribution of cryogenic seismic signals (icequakes) at Holtedahlfonna, Svalbard, between April and August 2016 using a single three-component sensor. We investigate sources of observed icequakes using polarization analysis and waveform modeling. Processes responsible for five icequake categories are suggested, incorporating observations of previous studies into our interpretation. We infer that the most dominant icequake type is generated by surface crevasse opening through hydrofracturing. Secondly, bursts of high-frequency signals are presumably caused by repeated near-surface crevassing due to high strain rates during glacier fast-flow episodes. Furthermore, signals related to resonance in water-filled cracks, fracturing or settling events in dry firn or snow before the melt season, and processes at the glacier bed are observed. Amplitude of seismic background noise is clearly related to glacier runoff. We process ambient seismic noise to invert horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios for a sub-surface seismic velocity model used to model icequake signals. Our study shows that a single seismic sensor provides useful information about seasonal ice dynamics in case deployment of a network is not feasible.
Three-dimensional viscoelastic instabilities in microchannels
Authors: Poole R. J. 
Published: May 2019

Whereas the flow of simple single-phase Newtonian fluids tends to become more complex as the characteristic length scale in the problem (and hence the Reynolds number) increases, for complex elastic fluids such as dilute polymer solutions the opposite holds true. Thus small-scale, so-called ‘microfluidic’ flows of complex fluids can exhibit rich dynamics in situations where the ‘equivalent’ flow of Newtonian fluids remains linear and predictable. In the recent study of Qin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 864, 2019, R2) of the flow of a dilute polymeric fluid past a $50~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ cylinder (in a $100\times 60~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ channel), a novel 3-D holographic particle velocimetry technique reveals the underlying complexity of the flow, including inherent three-dimensionality and symmetry breaking as well as strong upstream propagation effects via elastic waves.
Linear instability and nondegeneracy of ground state for combined power-type nonlinear scalar field equations with the Sobolev critical exponent and large frequency parameter
Authors: Akahori Takafumi , Ibrahim Slim , Kikuchi Hiroaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider combined power-type nonlinear scalar field equations with the Sobolev critical exponent. In [3], it was shown that if the frequency parameter is sufficiently small, then the positive ground state is nondegenerate and linearly unstable, together with an application to a study of global dynamics for nonlinear Schrödinger equations. In this paper, we prove the nondegeneracy and linear instability of the ground state frequency for sufficiently large frequency parameters. Moreover, we show that the derivative of the mass of ground state with respect to the frequency is negative.
Smoothness of topological equivalence on the half line for nonautonomous systems
Authors: Castañeda Álvaro , Robledo Gonzalo , Monzón Pablo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe study the differentiability properties of the topological equivalence between a uniformly asymptotically stable linear nonautonomous system and a perturbed system with suitable nonlinearities. For this purpose, we construct a homeomorphism inspired in the Palmer's one restricted to the positive half line, studying additional continuity properties and providing sufficient conditions ensuring its Cr–smoothness.