bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomorphological scaling laws from convectively accelerated streams
Authors: Calvani Giulio , Perona Paolo , Schick Coralie , Solari Luca 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWorldwide convectively accelerated streams flowing in downstream‐narrowing river sections show that riverbed vegetation growing on alluvial sediment bars gradually disappears, forming a front beyond which vegetation is absent. We revise a recently proposed analytical model able to predict the expected longitudinal position of the vegetation front. The model was developed considering the steady state approximation of 1‐D ecomorphodynamics equations. While the model was tested against flume experiments, its extension and application to the field is not trivial as it requires the definition of proper scaling laws governing the observed phenomenon. In this work, we present a procedure to calculate vegetation parameters and flow magnitude governing the equilibrium at the reach scale between hydromorphological and biological components in rivers with converging boundaries. We collected from worldwide rivers data of section topography, hydrogeomorphological and riparian vegetation characteristics to perform a statistical analysis aimed to validate the proposed procedure. Results are presented in the form of scaling laws correlating biological parameters of growth and decay from different vegetation species to flood return period and duration, respectively. Such relationships demonstrate the existence of underlying selective processes determining the riparian vegetation both in terms of species and cover. We interpret the selection of vegetation species from ecomorphodynamic processes occurring in convectively accelerated streams as the orchestrated dynamic action of flow, sediment and vegetation characteristics. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orostachys japonicus exerts antipancreatic cancer activity through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in PANC‐1 cells
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Nam Gi Suk , Kim Sung Hyun , Ryu Deok Seon , Lee Dong Seok 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTargeted therapy at the molecular level is important for pancreatic cancer treatment. This study looked over the anticancer activity of Orostachys japonicus in a human pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC‐1. An ethyl acetate fraction containing quercetin, kaempferol, and flavonol glycosides from O. japonicus (OJE) exhibited significant anticancer activity against the PANC‐1. OJE activated caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9, leading to the induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. It also inhibited cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, representing cell cycle arrest at both G1/S and G2/M phases. In addition, OJE phosphorylated MAPKs such as p38, JNK, and ERK, which are important upstream signaling factors in apoptosis and arrest of cell cycle inducing system. In conclusion, OJE effectively exerted antipancreatic cancer activity via induction of apoptosis directed by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and arrest of cell cycle regulated at both G1/S and G2/M stages, which is activated by MAPKs, p38, JNK, and ERK.
Multifocal primary neuroblastoma tumor heterogeneity in siblings with co‐occurring PHOX2B and NF1 genetic aberrations
Authors: Rybinski Brad , Wolinsky Tamar , Brohl Andrew , Moerdler Scott , Reed Damon R. , Ewart Michelle , Weiser Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, can present in multiple primary sites, but the extent of genetic heterogeneity among tumor foci, as well as the presence or absence of common oncogenic drivers, remains unknown. Although PHOX2B genetic aberrations can cause familial neuroblastoma, they demonstrate incomplete penetrance with respect to neuroblastoma pathogenesis, suggesting that additional undescribed oncogenic drivers are necessary for tumor development. We performed comprehensive molecular characterization of neuroblastoma tumors from two siblings affected by familial multifocal neuroblastoma, including whole exome sequencing and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays of tumor and matched blood samples. Data were processed and analyzed using established bioinformatics algorithms to evaluate for germline and somatic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs). We confirmed the presence of a PHOX2B deletion and NF1 mutation across all tumor samples and the germline genome. Matched tumor‐blood whole exome sequencing also identified 365 genes that contained nonsilent coding mutations across all tumor samples, with no recurrent mutations across all tumors. SNP arrays also showed significant heterogeneity with respect to CNVs. The only common CNV across all tumors was 17q gain, with differing chromosomal coordinates across samples but a common region of overlap distal to 17q21.31, suggesting this adverse prognostic biomarker may offer insight about additional drivers for multifocal neuroblastoma in patients with germline PHOX2B or NF1 aberrations. Molecular characterization of all tumors from patients with multifocal primary neuroblastoma has potential to yield novel insights on neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
Reconfiguration of dynamic large‐scale brain network functional connectivity in generalized tonic–clonic seizures
Authors: Jia Xiaoyan , Xie Yan , Dong Debo , Pei Haonan , Jiang Sisi , Ma Shuai , Huang Yang , Zhang Xingxing , Wang Yuhong , Zhu Qiong , Zhang Yanan , Yao Dezhong , Yu Liang , Luo Cheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn increasing number of studies in patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) have reported the alteration of functional connectivity (FC) in many brain networks. However, little is known about the underlying temporal variability of FC in large‐scale brain functional networks in patients. Recently, dynamic FC could provide novel insight into the physiological mechanisms in the brain. Here, we recruited 63 GTCS and 65 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Dynamic FC approaches were used to evaluate alterations in the temporal variability of FC in patients at the region‐ and network‐levels. In addition, two kinds of brain templates (>102 and > 103 regions) and two kinds of temporal variability FC approaches were adopted to verify the stability of the results. Patients showed increased FC variability in regions of the default mode network (DMN), ventral attention network (VAN) and motor‐related areas. The DAN, VAN, and DMN illustrated enhanced FC variability at the within‐network level. In addition, increased FC variabilities between networks were found between the DMN and cognition‐related networks, including the VAN, dorsal attention network and frontal–parietal network in GTCS. Meanwhile, the alterations in FC variability were relatively consistent across different methods and templates. Therefore, the consistent alteration of FC variability would reflect a dynamic restructuring of the large‐scale brain networks in patients with GTCS. Overly frequent information communication among cognition‐related networks, especially in the DMN, might play a role in the epileptic activity and/or cognitive dysfunction in patients.
Paranasal sinus invasion suggested T4 classification of patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A two‐center retrospective investigation
Authors: Wu Liqing , Zhuo Shuiqing , Zeng Weike , Liang Shaobo , Wang Shunxin , Cui Chunyan , Zhou Jian , Ruan Guangyin , Xu Shuoyu , Wang Lifei , Huang Ling , Liu Lizhi , Li Haojiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the prognostic significance of paranasal sinus invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.MethodsPatients with NPC after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy from 2010 to 2013 were identified (n = 1225). Clinical features and magnetic resonance images were analyzed.ResultsParanasal sinus invasion was identified in 182/1225 patients (14.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that paranasal sinus invasion was an independent factor for overall survival, progression‐free survival, distant metastasis‐free survival, and local recurrence‐free survival (P < .05 for all). T3 NPC patients with paranasal sinus invasion had a poorer prognosis than those without (P < .05), and there was no significant survival difference compared with T4 patients, regardless of involvement of inner structures (P > .05 for all). Upgrading NPC with paranasal sinus invasion to T4 disease achieved better predictive abilities.ConclusionsParanasal sinus invasion is an independent prognostic factor for NPC. It may be appropriate to upgrade the T classification.
Happiness and healthiness: A replication study
Authors: Osam Kobena , Shuck Brad , Immekus Jason 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResearch coalescing around psychological climate, engagement, and well‐being has been receiving considerable attention in management and human resource development (HRD) literature. However, research associated with these variables has generally been limited to for‐profit businesses and organizations with little attention within the context of institutions of higher education. In response, this cross‐sectional replication study examined the extent to which psychological climate, engagement, and well‐being were associated with each other in higher educational institutions. Study data included a sample of 259 individuals employed by institutions of higher education in the United States. Using mediation analyses, the study found that psychological climate, engagement, and well‐being were positively associated with each other, and that engagement mediated the relationship between psychological climate and well‐being. Implications for HRD theory and research, as well as specific recommendations for leaders and administrators in higher education are discussed.
A case in which bladder cancer invaded the ureteral orifice and was resected via photodynamic diagnosis‐assisted transurethral resection involving orally administered 5‐aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Watanabe Keitaro , Shirotake Suguru , Umezawa Yuta , Takahashi Takayuki , Yamanaka Takeshi , L Santo Noriaki , Okabe Takashi , Kaneko Gou , Sano Katsuhiro , Yasuda Masanori , Kanao Kent , Oyama Masafumi , Nishimoto Koshiro 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionTransurethral resection of bladder tumor is widely used in combination with photodynamic diagnosis to treat non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer. We experienced an intriguing case, in which bladder cancer infiltrated into the right ureteral orifice and was resected via photodynamic diagnosis‐assisted transurethral resection involving the oral administration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid.Case presentationThis case was a 71‐year‐old Japanese man. He was diagnosed with bladder carcinoma, which had infiltrated into the right ureter (clinical classification: T1, N0, M0). He underwent transurethral resection involving the oral administration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid. We successfully resected the tumor in the ureteral orifice, which was accomplished by resecting the ureteral orifice until the non‐luminescent lumen was exposed. After the surgery, to prevent recurrence, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin was administered intravesically after right ureteral stent placement.ConclusionPhotodynamic diagnosis‐assisted transurethral resection involving the oral administration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid has the potential to treat ureteral tumors derived from bladder tumors.
Assessment of the 4‐week repeated‐dose oral toxicity and genotoxicity of GHX02
Authors: Ji Kon‐Young , Kim Ki Mo , Oh Jeong‐Ja , Kim Jung‐Woo , Lee Woo‐Joo , Cho Hyeon , Lee Hyun‐Kul , Lee Joo Young , Chae Sungwook 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerbal medicines are widely utilized for disease prevention and health promotion. GHX02 consists of mixtures including Gwaruin (Trichosanthes kirilowii), Haengin (Prunus armeniaca), Hwangryeon (Coptis japonica) and Hwangkeum (Scutellaria baicalensis). It has been purported to have therapeutic effectiveness in cases of severe bronchitis. Non‐clinical safety testing comprised a single‐dose oral toxicity study and a 28‐day repeated‐dose oral toxicity study with a 14‐day recovery period, and genotoxicity was assessed by a bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). In the single‐dose oral toxicity study, the approximate lethal dosage is estimated to be higher than 5000 mg/kg in rats. Thus, the dosage levels were set at 0, 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg/day in the 28‐day repeated‐dose oral toxicity study, and 10 male rats and 10 female rats/dose were administered GHX02. No clinical signs of toxicological significance were recorded in any animal during the dosing and the observation period in the single‐dose study. The no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level of GHX02 was 5000 mg/kg/day when administered orally for 28 days to male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Despite increases in the frequencies of cells with numerical chromosomal aberration in the in vitro test, the increases were not considered relevant to the in vivo genetic risk. Except for the increase of in vitro numerical chromosomal aberration, clear negative results were obtained from other genetic toxicity studies.
Acid‐sensitive ROS‐triggered dextran‐based drug delivery system for advanced chemo‐photodynamic synergistic therapy
Authors: Bao Yanli , Yin Liping , Liu Lin , Chen Li 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn order to improve the treatment efficacy and reduce the side effects, the synergistic therapy has been effectively exploited in cancer treatment. Herein, we fabricated a kind of acid‐sensitive ROS‐triggered dextran‐based drug delivery system (DHTD/Zn‐TPP) for synergistic therapy, in which chemotherapeutics doxorubicin was conjugated to the dextran backbone via ROS cleavable thioketal conjugates while photosensitizer porphyrin (Zn‐TPP) was encapsulated via acid‐responsive metallic coordinated interaction. The structure and acid‐responsive self‐assemble behavior of DHTD/Zn‐TPP were measured by 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic laser scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Further, the in vivo ROS‐triggered DOX release and anticancer efficiency were evaluated toward HeLa cells and MCF‐7 cells. All the data obtained verified that DHTD/Zn‐TPP had a significantly improved cell growth inhibitory effect with light irritation due to the combined application of photodynamic‐chemotherapy.
Short‐term insomnia and common cold: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gomi Simmon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of insomnia as a symptom of cold has not been fully explored. This study aimed to identify the nature of mild short‐term insomnia (MSTI) as a symptom in common cold and examine the relationship between the diagnosis of common cold and MSTI.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at a clinic in Nagano, Japan. In this study, 32 participants were recruited as common cold patients, and 30 people without common cold were selected as the comparison group who did not have any symptoms of fever, cough, septum, rhinorrhea, or sore throat in this period.ResultsAbout 75% of patients in the common cold group (CCG; 24 of 32) and 33% of total patients in the not common cold group (NCCG; 10 of 30) showed MSTI. The prevalence of MSTI was significantly more frequent in patients in CC (χ2 = 10.854, df = 1, P < .001). MSTI occurred on an average of 1.0 day (SD = 1.4) before the common cold onset and continued for a mean of 2 days (SD = 1.6). The frequency of fever was related to age, but MSTI appeared regardless of age.ConclusionMild short‐term insomnia is a common symptom in common cold.
Retracted: Studies of proteasome inhibition and antitumor activity by novel amino acid‐polypyridine‐copper complexes
Authors: Yang Zi‐Bo , Li Dong‐Dong , Zhao Xiu‐Mei , Wang Lu‐Yao , Dai Lin‐Lin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFive innovative ternary copper (II) complexes [Cu (OH‐PIP)(Phe)Cl](1), [Cu (OH‐PIP)(Gly)(H2O)]NO3·2H2O (2), [Cu (OH‐PIP)(Ala)(Cl)]·H2O (3), [Cu (OH‐PIP)(Met)]PF6·2H2O (4), and [Cu (OH‐PIP)(Gln)(H2O)]Cl·3H2O (5) have been synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. X‐ray crystallography showed that all Cu atoms were five‐coordinated in a square‐pyramidal configuration. They are screened for in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines CAL‐51, MDA‐MB‐231, HeLa, MCF‐7, SGC‐7901, A549, K562, and SMMC‐7721. The most promising results were achieved for complexes 1 to 5, with the IC50 values in the range of 0.082μM to 0.69μM (against CAL‐51 cell lines). The anticancer activities against CAL‐51, MDA‐MB‐231, and MCF‐7 were higher than that of Carboplatin. The mechanism studies showed that complexes 1 to 5 could inhibit proteasome activity, induce apoptosis, and inhibit cell proliferation, indicating their great potential as proteasome inhibitors for triple‐negative breast cancer therapy.
Monitoring viral load for the last mile: what will it cost?
Authors: Nichols Brooke E , Girdwood Sarah J , Crompton Thomas , Stewart‐Isherwood Lynsey , Berrie Leigh , Chimhamhiwa Dorman , Moyo Crispin , Kuehnle John , Stevens Wendy , Rosen Sydney ,   EQUIP Health
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionRoutine viral load testing is the WHO‐recommended method for monitoring HIV‐infected patients on ART, and many countries are rapidly scaling up testing capacity at centralized laboratories. Providing testing access to the most remote populations and facilities (the “last mile”) is especially challenging. Using a geospatial optimization model, we estimated the incremental costs of accessing the most remote 20% of patients in Zambia by expanding the transportation network required to bring blood samples from ART clinics to centralized laboratories and return results to clinics.MethodsThe model first optimized a sample transportation network (STN) that can transport 80% of anticipated sample volumes to centralized viral load testing laboratories on a daily or weekly basis, in line with Zambia's 2020 targets. Data incorporated into the model included the location and infrastructure of all health facilities providing ART, location of laboratories, measured distances and drive times between the two, expected future viral load demand by health facility, and local cost estimates. We then continued to expand the modelled STN in 5% increments until 100% of all samples could be collected.Results and DiscussionThe cost per viral load test when reaching 80% patient volumes using centralized viral load testing was a median of $18.99. With an expanded STN, the incremental cost per test rose to $20.29 for 80% to 85% and $20.52 for 85% to 90%. Above 90% coverage, the incremental cost per test increased substantially to $31.57 for 90% to 95% and $51.95 for 95% to 100%. The high numbers of kilometres driven per sample transported and large number of vehicles needed increase costs dramatically for reaching the clinics that serve the last 5% of patients.ConclusionsProviding sample transport services to the most remote clinics in low‐ and middle‐income countries is likely to be cost‐prohibitive. Other strategies are needed to reduce the cost and increase the feasibility of making viral load monitoring available to the last 10% of patients. The cost of alternative methods, such as optimal point‐of‐care viral load equipment placement and usage, dried blood/plasma spot specimen utilization, or use of drones in geographically remote facilities, should be evaluated.
Viperin inhibits classical swine fever virus replication by interacting with viral nonstructural 5A protein
Authors: Xu Chunmei , Feng Luping , Chen Peige , Li Anqi , Guo Shuang , Jiao Xianqin , Zhang Chengyu , Zhao Yunze , Jin Xiangyang , Zhong Kai , Guo Yujie , Zhu Heshui , Han Liqiang , Yang Guoyu , Li Heping , Wang Yueying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClassical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a single‐stranded RNA flavivirus that can cause serious diseases in porcine species, including symptoms of infarction, systemic hemorrhage, high fever, or depression. Viperin is an important interferon‐inducible antiviral gene that has been shown to inhibit CSFV, but the exact mechanisms by which it is able to do so remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we determined that CSFV infection led to viperin upregulation in PK‐15 cells (porcine kidney cell). When viperin was overexpressed in these cells, this markedly attenuated CSFV replication, with clear reductions in viral copy number after 12 to 48 hours postinfection. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the viral NS5A protein colocalized with viperin in infected cells, and this was confirmed via confocal laser scanning microscopy using labeled versions of these proteins, and by co‐immunoprecipitation which confirmed that NS5A directly interacts with viperin. When NS5A was overexpressed, this inhibited the replication of CSFV, and we determined that the radical SAM domain and N‐terminal domain of viperin was critical for its ability to bind to NS5A, with the latter being most important for this interaction. Together, our in vitro results highlight a potential mechanism whereby viperin is able to inhibit CSFV replication. These results have the potential to assist future efforts to prevent or treat systemic CSFV‐induced disease, and may also offer more general insights into the antiviral role of viperin in innate immunity.
Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application of ecofriendly Ca‐bridged aminoclay
Authors: Antony Samy Amala Jeya Ranchani , Vellaichamy Parthasarathy , Sehar Mahalakshmi , Kuo‐Lun Tung , Ramasamy Anbarasan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel ecofriendly Ca nanoparticle bridged aminoclay (AC) catalyst was prepared for the reduction of hazardous pollutants to treat the industrial wastewater. It was characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrum (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques. Water contact angle (WCA) measurement was used to confirm the hydrophobicity of AC after the structural modification reaction. Disappearance of free N−H stretching in the FT‐IR spectrum confirmed the chemical modification of AC by Ca nanoparticle. The above‐synthesized Ca nanoparticle bridged AC was used as a catalyst for the reduction of p‐nitrophenol (NP), chromium (VI) and fluorescein (fluor) dye and also for oxidative Schiff base formation. The UV‐visible spectrum confirmed the complex formation between chromium (VI) and NP by noting a peak at 390 nm. The kapp value was computed to assess the efficiency of the catalyst toward the reduction of hazardous pollutants in the industrial effluents. The catalytic reduction of a tricomponent system is disturbed due to the change in pH and complex formation between the pollutants, etc. The present catalyst system reduced the two‐step reaction into a single‐step reaction for the Schiff base formation.