bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-site exploration of barriers faced by vulnerable patient populations: a qualitative analysis exploring the needs of patients for targeted interventions in new models of care delivery
Authors: Johannes Bobbie , Graaf Deanna , Blatt Barbara , George Daniel , Gonzalo Jed D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate which populations of patients are considered ‘vulnerable’ across varying clinical sites, and to identify the barriers encountered by these patient populations limiting optimal health.BackgroundVulnerable patient populations encounter diverse barriers that limit their ability to successfully navigate the health system, potentially resulting in poor health outcomes. Little current-day work has described types of barriers encountered by vulnerable patient populations across numerous clinical sites and settings, which is necessary to ensure health systems can begin to improve quality and disparities for all patient populations.MethodsAn inductive content analysis was performed based on field-site notes and digitally recorded telephone interviews with providers/leadership at clinics/programs related to patient- and clinic-needs from January 2014 through May 2015. Using thematic analysis with grounded theory techniques, authors identified categories and themes. In total, 30 diverse clinical sites/programs including inpatient- and outpatient-based clinics providing medicine and surgery-based services were assessed through both site visits and follow-up telephone interviews. Follow-up interviews were conducted with one individual in various positions within sites/programs, including physicians (n=15), registered nurses (n=8), clinic managers/coordinators (n=2), clinical program coordinator (n=1), and care coordinator (n=1); one participant represented three clinical sites.FindingsIn total, 30 sites/programs (n=30) received both a site visit and follow-up interview. Commonly reported vulnerable patient populations included those with multiple chronic conditions, lower socioeconomic status, patients in a specific stage in the continuum of care, and patients with over- and under-utilization of resources without a clear etiology. Themes related to barriers included systems barriers (eg, insufficiencies of care processes), clinic barriers (eg, lack of resources), patient-related barriers (eg, housing, transportation), and provider-related barriers (eg, inadequate time and knowledge).ConclusionsThese results provide a framework to identify systems- and clinic-related barriers that can be used in population health management strategies aimed at improving health disparities within clinically diverse sites.
Deutsche Adaptation der Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale (PABSS)
Authors: Sohnsmeyer Jan 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung. In dieser Studie (N = 759) wurde die deutsche Adaptation der Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale (PABSS) anhand von explorativen Strukturgleichungsmodellen (Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, ESEM) evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse replizieren die vierfaktorielle Struktur der englischsprachigen Version. Der Modell-Fit des ESEM war akzeptabel und resultierte in gut differenzierten (wenig korrelierten) Faktoren. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Reliabilität der Skalen und die partielle Messinvarianz über Geschlecht und unterschiedliche Mannschaftssportarten (Fußball, Rugby / Football, Hockey / Floorball, Basketball und Handball). Die analysierten Geschlechtsunterschiede sowie die Zusammenhänge mit konzeptuell ähnlichen Skalen weisen auf die Konstruktvalidität hin.
Temporal Variation of Ecosystem Scale Methane Emission From a Boreal Fen in Relation to Temperature, Water Table Position, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes
Authors: Rinne Janne , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina , Peltola Olli , Li Xuefei , Raivonen Maarit , Alekseychik Pavel , Haapanala Sami , Pihlatie Mari , Aurela Mika , Mammarella Ivan , Vesala Timo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe have analyzed decade‐long methane flux data set from a boreal fen, Siikaneva, together with data on environmental parameters and carbon dioxide exchange. The methane flux showed seasonal cycle but no systematic diel cycle. The highest fluxes were observed in July–August with average value of 73 nmol m−2 s−1. Wintertime fluxes were small but positive, with January–March average of 6.7 nmol m−2 s−1. Daily average methane emission correlated best with peat temperatures at 20–35 cm depths. The second highest correlation was with gross primary production (GPP). The best correspondence between emission algorithm and measured fluxes was found for a variable‐slope generalized linear model (r2 = 0.89) with peat temperature at 35 cm depth and GPP as explanatory variables, slopes varying between years. The homogeneity of slope approach indicated that seasonal variation explained 79% of the sum of squares variation of daily average methane emission, the interannual variation in explanatory factors 7.0%, functional change 5.3%, and random variation 9.1%. Significant correlation between interannual variability of growing season methane emission and that of GPP indicates that on interannual time scales GPP controls methane emission variability, crucially for development of process‐based methane emission models. Annual methane emission ranged from 6.0 to 14 gC m−2 and was 2.7 ± 0.4% of annual GPP. Over 10‐year period methane emission was 18% of net ecosystem exchange as carbon. The weak relation of methane emission to water table position indicates that space‐to‐time analogy, used to extrapolate spatial chamber data in time, may not be applicable in seasonal time scales.
Back‐Projection Imaging of Extended, Diffuse Sources of Volcano‐Tectonic Seismicity During June 2010 at Sierra Negra Volcano, Galápagos
Authors: Kelly C. L. , Lawrence J. F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSeismic signals generated by subsurface volcano‐tectonic processes commonly have low signal‐to‐noise ratios that make it difficult to resolve both 3‐D subsurface structures and seismic source locations using established seismic imaging methods (e.g., phase picking, template matching). High‐amplitude bursts within the noise (i.e., eruptions) are sometimes suitable for traditional seismic imaging but occur infrequently relative to the duration of a systems eruption cycle and offer minimal insight into mechanisms that occur during more common intereruption periods. Prevalent noise recorded near volcanic systems is often nearly continuously generated by many overlapping low‐magnitude displacements at depth that can be directly linked to magma, fluid, and volatile transport. This noise contains valuable information about subsurface processes that occur between volcanic eruptions and may provide critical information for mitigating risks from volcanic hazards. We present a new computationally efficient method to comprehensively study temporal and spatial variations in extended, diffuse, low‐magnitude volcano‐tectonic seismicity by applying a back‐projection search algorithm to analyze coherent seismic energy arriving from potential subsurface source locations to available pairs of broadband seismometers. We apply this method to Sierra Negra Volcano for a 2.5‐week study period coinciding with a dike intrusion in June 2010. Through averaging (stacking), the back‐projection algorithm illuminates the most likely source locations of low‐magnitude, high‐frequency volcano‐tectonic seismicity before, during, and after previously identified volcano‐tectonic earthquakes. Our results corroborate known volcano‐tectonic earthquake locations and support the interpretation of a small‐volume dike intrusion at ~5–8 km below sea level along the south‐southeastern flanks of the Sierra Negra caldera in June 2010.
Inversion of Surface Deformation Data for Rapid Estimates of Source Parameters and Uncertainties: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Bagnardi Marco , Hooper Andrew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNew satellite missions (e.g., the European Space Agency's Sentinel‐1 constellation), advances in data downlinking, and rapid product generation now provide us with the ability to access space‐geodetic data within hours of their acquisition. To truly take advantage of this opportunity, we need to be able to interpret geodetic data in a prompt and robust manner. Here we present a Bayesian approach for the inversion of multiple geodetic data sets that allows a rapid characterization of posterior probability density functions (PDFs) of source model parameters. The inversion algorithm efficiently samples posterior PDFs through a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, incorporating the Metropolis‐Hastings algorithm, with automatic step size selection. We apply our approach to synthetic geodetic data simulating deformation of magmatic origin and demonstrate its ability to retrieve known source parameters. We also apply the inversion algorithm to interferometric synthetic aperture radar data measuring co‐seismic displacements for a thrust‐faulting earthquake (2015 Mw 6.4 Pishan earthquake, China) and retrieve optimal source parameters and associated uncertainties. Given its robustness and rapidity in estimating deformation source parameters and uncertainties, our Bayesian framework is capable of taking advantage of real‐time geodetic measurements. Thus, our approach can be applied to geodetic data to study magmatic, tectonic, and other geophysical processes, especially in rapid‐response operational settings (e.g., volcano observatories). Our algorithm is fully implemented in a MATLAB®‐based software package (Geodetic Bayesian Inversion Software) that we make freely available to the scientific community.
Stresses and Drag in Turbulent Bed Load From Refractive Index‐Matched Experiments
Authors: Ni Wei‐Jay , Capart Hervé 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report steady open‐channel flow experiments that resolve the internal dynamics of turbulent bed load layers at subgrain diameter resolution. Optical access is gained by using materials of matched refractive index, and a laser light sheet is scanned across the medium to capture both the solid and liquid motions over a 3‐D volume. The imaging measurements yield vertical profiles of granular concentration, solid and liquid mean velocity, and velocity fluctuation statistics including the granular temperature and the Reynolds stress. This makes it possible to determine all principal contributions to the momentum balance of each phase. In particular, experimental profiles are obtained for the stresses and interphase drag force. They are used to test constitutive relationships derived from kinetic theory, turbulence theory, and fluidization cell experiments.
Proxy Index Derived From All Sky Imagers for Space Weather Impact on GPS
Authors: Mushini Sajan C. , Skone Susan , Spanswick Emma , Donovan Eric , Najmafshar Maryam 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGlobal Positioning System (GPS) signals passing through the auroral ionosphere, which exhibits multiscreen electron density structuring, maybe scintillated causing observation and possibly positioning errors. It is advantageous to determine the magnitude of GPS signal scintillation associated with a given level of auroral brightness observed around the signal's ionospheric pierce point (IPP). Such information would enable the exploitation of auroral image observations in space weather monitoring and help in assessment of impact on infrastructure/services reliant on GNSS. Studies have observed a general positive correlation between auroral brightness and GPS phase scintillation but not a definite one‐to‐one relationship. In this study a correlation coefficient of 0.38 is observed between the phase scintillation and the level of auroral arc brightness around the GPS signal's raypath for a data set of 292 events in the Canadian sector. Alternatively, a new pseudo‐scintillation index, Rate of change of Brightness index, is introduced in this study which is derived from the changing auroral brightness around the satellite's IPP. This Rate of change of Brightness index is highly positively correlated (correlation coefficient: 0.75) with GPS phase scintillation. Spatial and spectral relationships between auroral brightness around the satellite's IPP and phase scintillation were also analyzed. It is observed that probability of GPS signals experiencing phase scintillation is high when the auroral brightness around the satellite's IPP has dominant fluctuations in the frequency band ~0.06 to 0.16 Hz. These results indicate that GPS signal scintillation is related to the dynamics of the brightness around the satellite's IPP as the satellite signal propagates through the aurora.
The Solar Particle Event on 10 September 2017 as observed onboard the International Space Station (ISS)
Authors: Berger T. , Matthiä D. , Burmeister S. , Rios R. , Lee K. , Semones E. , Hassler D. M. , Stoffle N. , Zeitlin C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe nominal radiation environment in low Earth orbit, especially for the International Space Station (ISS), is dominated by two sources. The first is galactic cosmic radiation, which is modulated by the interplanetary and the Earth's magnetic fields, and the second is trapped radiation in the form of the Van Allen belts. The trapped radiation inside the ISS is mostly due to protons of the inner radiation belt. In addition to these sources sporadic solar particle events (SPEs) can produce high doses inside and outside the ISS, depending on the intensity and energy spectrum of the event. Before 2017, the last SPE observed inside the ISS with relevant radiation detectors occurred in May 2012. Even though we are currently approaching the next solar minimum, an SPE was observed in September 2017, which was (a) a ground‐level enhancement, (b) measured with various radiation detector systems onboard the ISS, and (c) observed on the surface of Mars. This paper gives an overview of the 10 September 2017 SPE measured with the DOSIS 3D‐DOSTEL and the ISS‐RAD (Radiation Assessment Detector) instruments, both located at this time in close proximity to each other in the Columbus Laboratory of the ISS. The additional dose received during the SPE was 146.2 μGy in Si as measured by ISS‐RAD and 67.8 μGy in Si as measured by the DOSIS 3D‐DOSTEL instruments. In comparison, the dose measured on the surface of Mars with the Mars Science Laboratory‐RAD instrument accounted to 418 μGy in Si.
Endogenous opioid system dysregulation in depression: implications for new therapeutic approaches
Authors: Peciña Marta , Karp Jordan F. , Mathew Sanjay , Todtenkopf Mark S. , Ehrich Elliot W. , Zubieta Jon-Kar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe United States is in the midst of an opioid addiction and overdose crisis precipitated and exacerbated by use of prescription opioid medicines. The majority of opioid prescriptions are dispensed to patients with comorbid mood disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD). A growing body of research indicates that the endogenous opioid system is directly involved in the regulation of mood and is dysregulated in MDD. This involvement of the endogenous opioid system may underlie the disproportionate use of opioids among patients with mood disorders. Emerging approaches to address endogenous opioid dysregulation in MDD may yield novel therapeutics that have a low or absent risk of abuse and addiction relative to µ-opioid agonists. Moreover, agents targeting the endogenous opioid system would be expected to yield clinical benefits qualitatively different from conventional monaminergic antidepressants. The development of safe and effective agents to treat MDD-associated endogenous opioid dysregulation may represent a distinct and currently underappreciated means of addressing treatment resistant depression with the potential to attenuate the on-going opioid crisis.
Methanotrophy across a natural permafrost thaw environment
Authors: Singleton Caitlin M , McCalley Carmody K , Woodcroft Ben J , Boyd Joel A , Evans Paul N , Hodgkins Suzanne B , Chanton Jeffrey P , Frolking Steve , Crill Patrick M , Saleska Scott R , Rich Virginia I , Tyson Gene W 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The fate of carbon sequestered in permafrost is a key concern for future global warming as this large carbon stock is rapidly becoming a net methane source due to widespread thaw. Methane release from permafrost is moderated by methanotrophs, which oxidise 20–60% of this methane before emission to the atmosphere. Despite the importance of methanotrophs to carbon cycling, these microorganisms are under-characterised and have not been studied across a natural permafrost thaw gradient. Here, we examine methanotroph communities from the active layer of a permafrost thaw gradient in Stordalen Mire (Abisko, Sweden) spanning three years, analysing 188 metagenomes and 24 metatranscriptomes paired with in situ biogeochemical data. Methanotroph community composition and activity varied significantly as thaw progressed from intact permafrost palsa, to partially thawed bog and fully thawed fen. Thirteen methanotroph population genomes were recovered, including two novel genomes belonging to the uncultivated upland soil cluster alpha (USCα) group and a novel potentially methanotrophic Hyphomicrobiaceae. Combined analysis of porewater δ13C-CH4 isotopes and methanotroph abundances showed methane oxidation was greatest below the oxic–anoxic interface in the bog. These results detail the direct effect of thaw on autochthonous methanotroph communities, and their consequent changes in population structure, activity and methane moderation potential.
Factors influencing bacterial microbiome composition in a wild non-human primate community in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Gogarten Jan F , Davies T Jonathan , Benjamino Jacquelynn , Gogarten J Peter , Graf Joerg , Mielke Alexander , Mundry Roger , Nelson Michael C , Wittig Roman M , Leendertz Fabian H , Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Microbiomes impact a variety of processes including a host’s ability to access nutrients and maintain health. While host species differences in microbiomes have been described across ecosystems, little is known about how microbiomes assemble, particularly in the ecological and social contexts in which they evolved. We examined gut microbiome composition in nine sympatric wild non-human primate (NHP) species. Despite sharing an environment and interspecific interactions, individuals harbored unique and persistent microbiomes influenced by host species, social group, and parentage, but surprisingly not by social relationships among members of a social group. We found a branching order of host-species networks constructed using the composition of their microbiomes as characters, which was incongruent with known NHP phylogenetic relationships, with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) sister to colobines, upon which they regularly prey. In contrast to phylogenetic clustering found in all monkey microbiomes, chimpanzee microbiomes were unique in that they exhibited patterns of phylogenetic overdispersion. This reflects unique ecological processes impacting microbiome composition in chimpanzees and future studies will elucidate the aspects of chimpanzee ecology, life history, and physiology that explain their unique microbiome community structure. Our study of contemporaneous microbiomes of all sympatric diurnal NHP in an ecosystem highlights the diverse dispersal routes shaping these complex communities.
Systematic discovery of germline cancer predisposition genes through the identification of somatic second hits
Authors: Park Solip , Supek Fran , Lehner Ben 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe genetic causes of cancer include both somatic mutations and inherited germline variants. Large-scale tumor sequencing has revolutionized the identification of somatic driver alterations but has had limited impact on the identification of cancer predisposition genes (CPGs). Here we present a statistical method, ALFRED, that tests Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis to systematically identify CPGs from cancer genome data. Applied to ~10,000 tumor exomes the approach identifies known and putative CPGs – including the chromatin modifierNSD1– that contribute to cancer through a combination of rare germline variants and somatic loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH). Rare germline variants in these genes contribute substantially to cancer risk, including to ~14% of ovarian carcinomas, ~7% of breast tumors, ~4% of uterine corpus endometrial carcinomas, and to a median of 2% of tumors across 17 cancer types.
XPC is an RNA polymerase II cofactor recruiting ATAC to promoters by interacting with E2F1
Authors: Bidon B. , Iltis I. , Semer M. , Nagy Z. , Larnicol A. , Cribier A. , Benkirane M. , Coin F. , Egly J-M. , Le May N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe DNA damage sensor XPC is involved in nucleotide excision repair. Here we show that in the absence of damage, XPC co-localizes with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and active post-translational histone modifications marks on a subset of class II promoters in human fibroblasts. XPC depletion triggers specific gene down-expression due to a drop in the deposition of histone H3K9 acetylation mark and pre-initiation complex formation. XPC interacts with the histone acetyltransferase KAT2A and specifically triggers the recruitment of the KAT2A-containing ATAC complex to the promoters of down-expressed genes. We show that a strong E2F1 signature characterizes the XPC/KAT2A-bound promoters and that XPC interacts with E2F1 and promotes its binding to its DNA element. Our data reveal that the DNA repair factor XPC is also an RNA polymerase II cofactor recruiting the ATAC coactivator complex to promoters by interacting with the DNA binding transcription factor E2F1.
Corrosion engineering towards efficient oxygen evolution electrodes with stable catalytic activity for over 6000 hours
Authors: Liu Yipu , Liang Xiao , Gu Lin , Zhang Yu , Li Guo-Dong , Zou Xiaoxin , Chen Jie-Sheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough a number of nonprecious materials can exhibit catalytic activity approaching (sometimes even outperforming) that of iridium oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction, their catalytic lifetimes rarely exceed more than several hundred hours under operating conditions. Here we develop an energy-efficient, cost-effective, scaled-up corrosion engineering method for transforming inexpensive iron substrates (e.g., iron plate and iron foam) into highly active and ultrastable electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction. This synthetic method is achieved via a desired corrosion reaction of iron substrates with oxygen in aqueous solutions containing divalent cations (e.g., nickel) at ambient temperature. This process results in the growth on iron substrates of thin film nanosheet arrays that consist of iron-containing layered double hydroxides, instead of rust. This inexpensive and simple manufacturing technique affords iron-substrate-derived electrodes possessing excellent catalytic activities and activity retention for over 6000 hours at 1000 mA cm-2 current densities.