bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Unanticipated Adverse Consequences of Youth Suicide Prevention Strategies: A Literature Review with Recommendations for Prevention Programs
Authors: Kuiper Nora , Goldston David , Godoy Garraza Lucas , Walrath Christine , Gould Madelyn , McKeon Richard 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveYouth suicide is a public health problem in the United States. Suicide prevention programs have been shown to be beneficial; however, knowledge of unanticipated adverse consequences of programs is limited. The objective of this review is to present what is known about these consequences so informed decisions and appropriate planning can be made prior to implementation of suicide prevention interventions.MethodA narrative but systematic review was conducted assessing what is known about adverse consequences utilizing a comprehensive keyword search of EBSCO and PubMed databases. Study populations beyond youth were included.ResultsUnanticipated adverse consequences of suicide prevention interventions were included in 22 publications. Consequences occur at three levels: at the level of the youth, those who identify or intervene with at‐risk youth, and at the system level. While rare, unanticipated adverse consequences include an increase in maladaptive coping and a decrease in help‐seeking among program targets, overburden or increased suicide ideation among program implementers, and inadequate systemic preparedness.ConclusionsOverall, the benefits of youth suicide prevention outweigh the unanticipated adverse consequences. Nevertheless, these results may be utilized for informed decision‐making regarding suicide prevention programming, and to ensure appropriate infrastructure is in place prior to prevention efforts.
Verification of the Heska Element Point‐of‐Care blood gas instrument for use with venous blood from alpacas and llamas, with determination of reference intervals
Authors: Viesselmann Lisa C. , Videla Ricardo , Flatland Bente 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe Heska Element POC (“EPOC”) is a blood gas instrument intended for use with canine, feline, and equine whole blood; no verification for use with camelid specimens has been reported.ObjectivesUsing camelid specimens and commercial quality control materials (QCM), we investigatee EPOC analytical performance and establish EPOC camelid reference intervals (RIs).MethodsCamelid blood (n = 124) was analyzed using the EPOC (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3, base excess, SO2, sodium, potassium, chloride, ionized calcium, TCO2, anion gap, HCT, HGB, glucose, lactate, and creatinine); plasma was analyzed using a Roche Cobas c501 (sodium, potassium, chloride, TCO2, anion gap, glucose, and creatinine). Method comparison data were assessed using Pearson's correlation, Passing‐Bablok regression, and Bland‐Altman plots. EPOC precision was evaluated using QCM and camelid blood.ResultsFor all measurands except anion gap, the EPOC vs Cobas instrument correlation was r > .85. Except for pO2 and pCO2, EPOC precision (QCM and blood) ranged from a repeatability CV <1%‐6.3%. Mild constant bias for chloride, glucose, TCO2, anion gap, and creatinine, and mild proportional bias for chloride, glucose, and anion gap were present. The total error (QCM data) for the EPOC instrument was below the ASVCP‐recommended allowable total error. Alpacas had higher potassium and lactate, while llamas had higher creatinine, sodium, chloride, ionized calcium, pO2, and SO2. Statistical RIs based on alpaca (n = 74‐96) and llama data (n = 12‐17) are reported descriptively.ConclusionsThe EPOC analyzer shows good performance with camelid blood. A lack of complete agreement with automated chemistry analyzers highlights the importance of interpreting patient data using instrument‐specific RIs.
Ultrasonography does not consistently detect parathyroid glands in healthy cats
Authors: Woods Sarah J. , Palm Carrie , Sheley Matt , Feldman Edward C. , Pollard Rachel E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUltrasound is used to evaluate the parathyroid glands of several species but there are limited reports of its use in cats. With this prospective anatomic study, we hypothesized that ultrasound could identify two parathyroid glands as hypoechoic nodules associated with each thyroid lobe and that a normal size range could be established. Six cat cadavers were imaged with ultrasound and histopathology of the thyroid and parathyroid tissue was performed for comparison. In addition, clinically healthy adult cats were prospectively recruited and placed in Group 1 (2–6 years; n = 11) or Group 2 (7–13 years; n = 9). Ultrasound of the cervical region was performed using a 7–15 MHz linear transducer. Number, size, and location of all hypoechoic nodules within or immediately adjacent to the thyroid lobes were documented. Ultrasound identified between 0–6 hypoechoic nodules per thyroid lobe in cat cadavers and between 0–3 hypoechoic nodules per thyroid lobe in clinically healthy cats, which does not correlate with the normal anatomy. In conclusion, parathyroid glands were frequently not ultrasonographically observed or were not distinguishable from thyroid tissue and this problem was worse in older cats because of the prevalence of nodular thyroid lesions, which primarily included foci of adenomatous hyperplasia.
Update of the best practice dietetic management of overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Shrewsbury Vanessa A. , Burrows Tracy , Ho Mandy , Jensen Megan , Garnett Sarah P. , Stewart Laura , Gow Megan L. , Ells Louisa J. , Chai Li Kheng , Ashton Lee , Walker Jacqueline L. , Littlewood Robyn , Coyle Daisy , Nowicka Paulina , Ashman Amy , Demaio Alessandro , Duncanson Kerith , Collins Clare 
Published: July 2018

Review question/objective:
To update an existing systematic review series
1,2
of randomized controlled trials (RCT) that include a dietary intervention for the management of overweight or obesity in children or adolescents.
Specifically, the review questions are: In randomized controlled trials of interventions which include a dietary intervention for the management of overweight or obesity in children or adolescents:
A comparison of evidence-based medicine practices between primary care physicians in rural and urban primary care settings in Malaysia: a qualitative study
Authors: Hisham Ranita , Liew Su May , Ng Chirk Jenn 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the evidence-based practices of primary care physicians between those working in rural and in urban primary care settings.Research designData from two previous qualitative studies, the Front-line Equitable Evidence-based Decision Making in Medicine and Creating, Synthesising and Implementing evidence-based medicine (EBM) in primary care studies, were sorted, arranged, classified and compared with the help of qualitative research software, NVivo V.10. Data categories were interrogated through comparison between and within datasets to identify similarities and differences in rural and urban practices. Themes were then refined by removing or recoding redundant and infrequent nodes into major key themes.ParticipantsThere were 55 primary care physicians who participated in 10 focus group discussions (n=31) and 9 individual physician in-depth interviews.SettingThe study was conducted across three primary care settings—an academic primary care practice and both private and public health clinics in rural (Pahang) and urban (Selangor and Kuala Lumpur) settings in Malaysia.ResultsWe identified five major themes that influenced the implementation of EBM according to practice settings, namely, workplace factors, EBM understanding and awareness, work experience and access to specialist placement, availability of resources and patient population. Lack of standardised care is a contributing factor to differences in EBM practice, especially in rural areas.ConclusionsThere were major differences in the practice of EBM between rural and urban primary care settings. These findings could be used by policy-makers, administrators and the physicians themselves to identify strategies to improve EBM practices that are targeted according to workplace settings.
Perceptions of patient safety culture among medical students: a cross-sectional investigation in Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Liu He , Li Ying , Zhao Siqi , Jiao Mingli , Lu Yan , Liu Jinghua , Jiang Kexin , Fang Huiying , Sun Peihang , Li Peng , Wang Yameng , Jia Haonan , Wu Yuming , Liu Limin , Zhao Yanming , Wu Qunhong 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesMedical school education plays an important role in promoting patient safety. In this study, we assess medical students’ perceptions of patient safety culture, identify their educational needs and provide evidence on the most important content relating to patient safety for the medical school curriculum.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted in four medical universities in Heilongjiang province. Medical students in the first through five years completed an anonymous questionnaire—the Attitudes toward Patient Safety Questionnaire III. We analysed the differences in responses across the four universities and their cohorts.ResultsThe overall perceptions of patient safety culture across the four medical universities were positive. The highest positive response rate was for ‘I have a good understanding of patient safety issues as a result of my undergraduate medical training’ (range: 58.4%–99.8%), whereas the lowest positive response rate was for ‘medical errors are a sign of incompetence’ (14.7%–47.9%). Respondents in the earlier years of school tended to have more positive responses for items concerning working hours and team work; however, fourth and fifth year students had more positive responses for error inevitability. Items with the lowest positive response rates across the cohorts included items related to ‘professional incompetence as a cause of error’ and ‘disclosure responsibility’.ConclusionsWhile students generally had positive views of patient safety culture, none of them had been exposed to any formal curriculum content on patient safety. Policymakers should focus more on how educational needs vary across schools and cohorts in order to establish appropriate curricula.
Association and diagnostic utility of diastolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in patients with Fabry disease
Authors: Liu Dan , Oder Daniel , Salinger Tim , Hu Kai , Müntze Jonas , Weidemann Frank , Herrmann Sebastian , Ertl Georg , Wanner Christoph , Frantz Stefan , Störk Stefan , Nordbeck Peter 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesCurrent guidelines highlight important therapy implications of cardiac fibrosis in patients with Fabry disease (FD). However, association between morphological and functional impairments with cardiac fibrosis in hereditary cardiomyopathies remains elusive. We investigated the association between echocardiography-determined cardiac dysfunction and cardiac MRI (cMRI)-detected myocardial fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement, LE) in patients with FD with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%).Methods146 patients with FD (aged 39±14 years, 57 men) were analysed, all receiving echocardiography and cMRI within a 1 week interval. Longitudinal systolic strain (LS_sys), strain rate (LSr_sys) and diastolic strain rate (LSr_E/LSr_A) were assessed using speckle-tracking imaging. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the diagnostic performance of various markers for LE.ResultsLE was detected in 57 (39%) patients with FD. LV wall thickness, left atrial volume, septal E/e′, diastolic dysfunction grade, global LS_sys and E/LSr_E, mid-lateral LS_sys and LSr_E, as well as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide were all associated with LE independent of age, sex, body mass index, New York Heart Association functional class and kidney function. In ROC curve analysis, septal E/e′ performed best (area under the curve=0.86, 95% CI=0.79 to 0.92). Septal E/e′>14.8 was strongly associated with LE (specificity=97.8% and sensitivity=49.1%). In 9% of patients, localised LE was present even though no other cardiac or kidney abnormalities were detected.ConclusionsEchocardiography-derived diastolic dysfunction is closely linked to LE in FD. Septal E/e′ ratio is the best echocardiographic marker suggestive of LE. Diastolic dysfunction is not a prerequisite for LE in FD, since LE can be detected in the absence of measurable cardiac functional impairments.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT03362164).
Uric acid stones, clinical manifestations and therapeutic considerations
Authors: Ma Qi , Fang Li , Su Rui , Ma Liang , Xie Guohai , Cheng Yue 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUric acid stones account for 10%–15% of all urinary stones. Changes in dietary habits, environment or both can result in the increase of uric acid stones. The formation of uric acid stones is related to hyperuricosuria, low urinary volume and persistently low urinary pH. Diabetes and obesity also significantly increase the risk of stone formation. Dual-energy CT provides a convenient and reliable method for diagnosis. Stone composition analysis and 24-hour urine metabolic evaluations should be considered for further evaluation. Most small uric acid stones (diameter &lt;2 cm) can be treated by pharmacotherapy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. However, ureteroscopy and other minimally invasive procedures should be reserved for larger stones (diameter ≥2 cm), or patients with concomitant urinary tract obstruction and/or infections. Additionally, adjustment of potential pathophysiologic defects by pharmacotherapy and dietary modification is strongly recommended for the prevention of uric stone recurrence.
Atypical igneous-sedimentary petroleum systems of the Parnaíba Basin, Brazil: seismic, well logs and cores
Authors: de Miranda Frederico S. , Vettorazzi Ana Luiza , Cunha Paulo R. da Cruz , Aragão Fernando B. , Michelon Diogo , Caldeira João Luiz , Porsche Ernani , Martins Celso , Ribeiro Roberto B. , Vilela Alexandre F. , Corrêa José R. , Silveira Lilian S. , Andreola Kátia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The Paleozoic Parnaíba Basin has proven to be one of the most successful onshore gas basins in Brazil. Since 2010, seven gas fields have been declared as commercial. Conventional gas accumulations occur in the Devonian Cabeças Formation sandstone, Upper Devonian/Lower Carboniferous heterolitic sandstones of the Longá Formation, Carboniferous Poti Formation arkosic-sandstones and in the Upper Carboniferous Piauí Formation sandstones. The stacked geometry of an extensive Mesozoic igneous complex is responsible for the creation of several four-way structures and compartmentalization of both source rock and reservoirs. The dolerite sills intrude the organic-rich intervals of the Devonian Pimenteiras shale, triggering maturity and hydrocarbon generation, thus creating an atypical igneous–sedimentary petroleum system. Major seismic concerns are the complexity of imaging subigneous plays, the large areal extent of the basin, strong velocity heterogeneity and the difficulty of imaging high-angle or vertical sealing structures, critical to prospect success. The recognition and understanding of this atypical igneous–sedimentary petroleum system could be used to unlock the potential of analogue basins worldwide and also to expand the exploration successful cases in the Parnaíba Basin itself.
Provenance of sandstones in the Parnaíba Basin through detrital zircon geochronology
Authors: Hollanda M. H. B. M. , Góes A. M. , Negri F. A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper obtains numerous U–Pb detrital zircon ages obtained from the Paleozoic–Triassic sandstones of the Parnaíba Basin. The resulting spectra enable us to distinguish three common age populations: Paleoproterozoic, Stenian–Tonian (mainly between 1100 and 900 Ma) and Late Neoproterozoic. Minor contributions are observed from Archean, Paleozoic (mainly Cambrian) and Mesoproterozoic sources. Differences are only highlighted by variances in the relative abundances of each age population within the stratigraphic units. The presence of metamorphic phases, schists clasts and some diagnostic heavy minerals suggest that the Neoproterozoic mobile belts to the east and west of the basin are potential source areas. The erosion of metasedimentary rocks exposed in these provinces could explain the Paleoproterozoic and Stenian–Tonian age populations found in the sandstones. The Late Neoproterozoic ages, in turn, are not relevant in the metasedimentary sequences, requiring that the voluminous granitic magmatism mainly exposed in the Borborema Province had directly participated as a primary source of the detritus. The maintenance of common age spectra leads to two (not exclusive) hypotheses: the long-term denudation of the source areas and/or intrabasinal recycling, which can be considered in future investigations on the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Parnaíba Basin.
Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Irbesartan in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Haynes Richard , Judge Parminder K. , Staplin Natalie , Herrington William G. , Storey Benjamin C. , Bethel Angelyn , Bowman Louise , Brunskill Nigel , Cockwell Paul , Hill Michael , Kalra Philip A. , McMurray John J.V. , Taal Maarten , Wheeler David C. , Landray Martin J. , Baigent Colin ,   On behalf of the UK HARP-III Collaborative Group
Published: July 2018

Background:
Sacubitril/valsartan reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but its effects on kidney function and cardiac biomarkers in people with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease are unknown.

Methods:

The UK HARP-III trial (United Kingdom Heart and Renal Protection-III), a randomized double-blind trial, included 414 participants with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 20 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
who were randomly assigned to sacubitril/valsartan 97/103 mg twice daily versus irbesartan 300 mg once daily. The primary outcome was measured GFR at 12 months using ANCOVA with adjustment for each individual’s baseline measured GFR. All analyses were by intention to treat.

Results:

In total, 207 participants were assigned to sacubitril/valsartan and 207 to irbesartan. Baseline measured GFR was 34.0 (SE, 0.8) and 34.7 (SE, 0.8) mL/min/1.73 m
2
, respectively. At 12 months, there was no difference in measured GFR: 29.8 (SE 0.5) among those assigned sacubitril/valsartan versus 29.9 (SE, 0.5) mL/min/1.73 m
2
among those assigned irbesartan; difference, -0.1 (0.7) mL/min/1.73 m
2
. Effects were similar in all prespecified subgroups. There was also no significant difference in estimated GFR at 3, 6, 9, or 12 months and no clear difference in urinary albumin:creatinine ratio between treatment arms (study average difference, -9%; 95% CI, -18 to 1). However, compared with irbesartan, allocation to sacubitril/valsartan reduced study average systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 5.4 (95% CI, 3.4–7.4) and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.0–3.3) mm Hg and levels of troponin I and N terminal of prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (tertiary end points) by 16% (95% CI, 8–23) and 18% (95% CI, 11–25), respectively. The incidence of serious adverse events (29.5% versus 28.5%; rate ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.75–1.53), nonserious adverse reactions (36.7% versus 28.0%; rate ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.96–1.90), and potassium ≥5.5 mmol/L (32% versus 24%,
P
=0.10) was not significantly different between randomized groups.

Conclusions:
Over 12 months, sacubitril/valsartan has similar effects on kidney function and albuminuria to irbesartan, but it has the additional effect of lowering blood pressure and cardiac biomarkers in people with chronic kidney disease.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.isrctn.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN11958993.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pediatric Versus Adult Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Chen Ching-Jen , Ding Dale , Kano Hideyuki , Mathieu David , Kondziolka Douglas , Feliciano Caleb , Rodriguez-Mercado Rafael , Grills Inga S. , Barnett Gene , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason P. ,   on behalf of the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation
Published: July 2018

Background and Purpose—
The aim of this international, multicenter, retrospective matched cohort study is to directly compare the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in pediatric versus adult patients.

Methods—
We performed a retrospective review of patients with AVM who underwent SRS at 8 institutions participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation from 1987 to 2014. Patients were categorized into pediatric (<18 years of age) and adult (≥18 years of age) cohorts and matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity scores. Favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration, no post-SRS hemorrhage, and no permanently symptomatic radiation-induced changes.

Results—

From a total of 2191 patients who were eligible for inclusion in the overall study cohort, 315 were selected for each of the matched cohorts. There were no significant differences between matched pediatric versus adult cohorts with respect to the rates of favorable outcome (59% versus 58%;
P
=0.936), AVM obliteration (62% versus 63%;
P
=0.934), post-SRS hemorrhage (9% versus 7%;
P
=0.298), radiological radiation-induced changes (26% versus 26%;
P
=0.837), symptomatic radiation-induced changes (7% versus 9%;
P
=0.383), or permanent radiation-induced changes (2% versus 3%;
P
=0.589). The all-cause mortality rate was significantly lower in the matched pediatric cohort (3% versus 10%;
P
=0.003).

Conclusions—
The outcomes after SRS for comparable AVMs in pediatric versus adult patients were not found to be appreciably different. SRS remains a reasonable treatment option for appropriately selected pediatric patients with AVM, who harbor a high cumulative lifetime hemorrhage risk. Age seems to be a poor predictor of AVM outcomes after SRS.
Negotiating femininities on campus: Sexuality, gender and risk in an HIV environment
Authors: Bhana Deevia , Pillay Janet 
Published: July 2018

Objective: In South Africa, Black African women between the ages of 15 and 24 years are especially vulnerable to HIV. The heterosexual transmission of the disease is exacerbated by social and cultural conditions that perpetuate gender relations of inequality. Problematic conceptualisations of femininity increase sexual risk. The objective of this article is to examine the ways in which undergraduate university Black African female students make meaning of gender and sexuality on campus and the social processes through which femininities are produced. Design: Qualitative research study. Setting: University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Method: In total, 10 in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 25 Black African undergraduate female students aged between 18 and 24 years old. Results: Campus life was conceived as a place of heterosexual freedom, sexual enjoyment and engagement with dating relationships. Relationships were forged based on romantic notions of love and versions of femininity based on trust lead to sexual risk and unwanted pregnancy. In the context of material inequalities, ‘sugar daddy’ relationships further limited female students’ ability to negotiate safe sex. The overall climate on campus was structured along gender power inequalities. Female students feared and were victims of verbal, physical assault and sexual coercion. The lack of campus security exacerbated female students’ vulnerability to violence on campus. Conclusion: Addressing the specific meanings expressed by Black African female students on campus can help to improve the effectiveness of campus-based health education interventions promoting safe sex, gender equality and student safety.