bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Signatures Derived From Deep UV to NIR Excitation Discriminates Healthy Samples From Low and High Grades Glioma
Authors: Mehidine Hussein , Chalumeau Audrey , Poulon Fanny , Jamme Frédéric , Varlet Pascale , Devaux Bertrand , Refregiers Matthieu , Abi Haidar Darine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmong all the tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), glioma are the most deadly and the most malignant. Surgical resection is the standard therapeutic method to treat this type of brain cancer. But the diffusive character of these tumors create many problems for surgeons during the operation. In fact, these tumors migrate outside the tumor solid zone and invade the surrounding healthy tissues. These infiltrative tissues have the same visual appearance as healthy tissues, making it very difficult for surgeons to distinguish the healthy ones from the diffused ones. The surgeon, therefore, cannot properly remove the tumor margins increasing the recurrence risk of the tumor. To resolve this problem, our team has developed a multimodal two-photon fibered endomicroscope, compatible with the surgeon trocar, to better delimitate tumor boundaries by relying on the endogenous fluorescence of brain tissues. In this context, and in order to characterize the optical signature of glioma tumors, this study offers multimodal and multi-scaled optical measurements from healthy tissues to high grade glioma. We can interrogate tissue from deep ultra-violet to near infrared excitation by working with spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging, two-photon fluorescene imaging and Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging. Optically derived ratios such as the Tryptophan/Collagen ratio, the optical redox ratio and the long lifetime intensity fraction, discriminated diseased tissue from its normal counterparts when fitted by Gaussian ellipsoids and choosing a threshold for each. Additionally two-photon fluorescence and SHG images were shown to display similar histological features as Hematoxylin-Eosin stained images.
Replication fork rescue in mammalian mitochondria
Authors: Torregrosa-Muñumer Rubén , Hangas Anu , Goffart Steffi , Blei Daniel , Zsurka Gábor , Griffith Jack , Kunz Wolfram S. , Pohjoismäki Jaakko L. O. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReplication stalling has been associated with the formation of pathological mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements. Yet, almost nothing is known about the fate of stalled replication intermediates in mitochondria. We show here that replication stalling in mitochondria leads to replication fork regression and mtDNA double-strand breaks. The resulting mtDNA fragments are normally degraded by a mechanism involving the mitochondrial exonuclease MGME1, and the loss of this enzyme results in accumulation of linear and recombining mtDNA species. Additionally, replication stress promotes the initiation of alternative replication origins as an apparent means of rescue by fork convergence. Besides demonstrating an interplay between two major mechanisms rescuing stalled replication forks – mtDNA degradation and homology-dependent repair – our data provide evidence that mitochondria employ similar mechanisms to cope with replication stress as known from other genetic systems.
Studies of Black Diamond as an antibacterial surface for Gram Negative bacteria: the interplay between chemical and mechanical bactericidal activity
Authors: Dunseath O. , Smith E. J. W. , Al-Jeda T. , Smith J. A. , King S. , May P. W. , Nobbs A. H. , Hazell G. , Welch C. C. , Su B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract‘Black silicon’ (bSi) samples with surfaces covered in nanoneedles of length ~5 µm were fabricated using a plasma etching process and then coated with a conformal uniform layer of diamond using hot filament chemical vapour deposition to produce ‘black diamond’ (bD) nanostructures. The diamond needles were then chemically terminated with H, O, NH2 or F using plasma treatment, and the hydrophilicity of the resulting surfaces were assessed using water droplet contact-angle measurements, and scaled in the order O > H ≈NH2 >F, with the F-terminated surface being superhydrophobic. The effectiveness of these differently terminated bD needles in killing the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli was semi-quantified by Live/Dead staining and fluorescence microscopy, and visualised by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The total number of adhered bacteria was consistent for all the nanostructured bD surfaces at around 50% of the value for the flat diamond control. This, combined with a chemical bactericidal effect of 20–30%, shows that the nanostructured bD surfaces supported significantly fewer viable E. coli than flat surfaces. Moreover, the bD surfaces were particularly effective at preventing the establishment of bacterial aggregates – a precursor to biofilm formation. The percentage of dead bacteria also decreased as a function of hydrophilicity. These results are consistent with a predominantly mechanical mechanism for bacteria death based on the stretching and disruption of the cell membrane, combined with an additional effect from the chemical nature of the surface.
Hepatic tumor classification using texture and topology analysis of non-contrast-enhanced three-dimensional T1-weighted MR images with a radiomics approach
Authors: Oyama Asuka , Hiraoka Yasuaki , Obayashi Ippei , Saikawa Yusuke , Furui Shigeru , Shiraishi Kenshiro , Kumagai Shinobu , Hayashi Tatsuya , Kotoku Jun’ichi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy for classification of hepatic tumors by characterization of T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images using two radiomics approaches with machine learning models: texture analysis and topological data analysis using persistent homology. This study assessed non-contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images of 150 hepatic tumors. The lesions included 50 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 50 metastatic tumors (MTs), and 50 hepatic hemangiomas (HHs) found respectively in 37, 23, and 33 patients. For classification, texture features were calculated, and also persistence images of three types (degree 0, degree 1 and degree 2) were obtained for each lesion from the 3D MR imaging data. We used three classification models. In the classification of HCC and MT (resp. HCC and HH, HH and MT), we obtained accuracy of 92% (resp. 90%, 73%) by texture analysis, and the highest accuracy of 85% (resp. 84%, 74%) when degree 1 (resp. degree 1, degree 2) persistence images were used. Our methods using texture analysis or topological data analysis allow for classification of the three hepatic tumors with considerable accuracy, and thus might be useful when applied for computer-aided diagnosis with MR images.
Merensky-type platinum deposits and a reappraisal of magma chamber paradigms
Authors: Chistyakova Sofya , Latypov Rais , Hunt Emma J. , Barnes Stephen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMost of the world’s economically-viable platinum deposits occur as ‘reefs’ in layered intrusions – thin layers of silicate rocks that contain sulphides enriched in noble metals. There are two contrasting magmatic hypotheses for their formation. The first suggests accumulation through gravity-induced settling of crystals onto the magma chamber floor. The alternative argues for in situ crystallization, i.e. upward growth from the floor. Here we report on our discovery of the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex that occurs on subvertical to overturned margins of depressions in a temporary chamber floor. Such relationships preclude crystal settling and demonstrate that the reef crystallized in situ. This finding indicates that platinum deposits can grow directly at the chamber floor, with immiscible sulfide droplets sequestering ore-forming noble metals from strongly convecting silicate magmas. Our model also provides evidence for the paradigm that argues for magma chambers being masses of nearly crystal-free melt, which gradually loses heat and crystallizes from the margins inward.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Amelioration of obsessive-compulsive disorder in three mouse models treated with one epigenetic drug: unraveling the underlying mechanism
Authors: Todorov German , Mayilvahanan Karthikeyan , Ashurov David , Cunha Catarina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMental health disorders are manifested in families, yet cannot be fully explained by classical Mendelian genetics. Changes in gene expression via epigenetics present a plausible mechanism. Anxiety often leads to avoidant behaviors which upon repetition may become habitual, maladaptive and resistant to extinction as observed in obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). Psychophysical models of OCD propose that anxiety (amygdala) and habits (dorsolateral striatum, DLS) may be causally linked. The amygdala activates spiny projection neurons in the DLS. Repetitive amygdala terminal stimulation in the DLS elicits long term OCD-like behavior in mice associated with circuitry changes and gene methylation-mediated decrease in the activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Treatment of OCD-like grooming behavior in Slitrk5, SAPAP3, and laser-stimulated mice with one dose of RG108 (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor), lead to marked symptom improvement lasting for at least one week as well as complete reversal of anomalous changes in circuitry and PP1 gene methylation.
Association of sleep quality with job burnout among Chinese coal mine staff: a propensity score weighting analysis
Authors: Gao Xue , Ma Kai-Li , Wang Hui , Gao Qian , Lei Li-Jian , Wang Tong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examines the association of sleep quality with job burnout among Chinese coal mine staff. 3832 subjects were selected from a coal mine group located in Shanxi Province in China. Job burnout was evaluated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and sleep quality was acquired with a self-reported questionnaire. We used the inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score to mimic the randomization and to minimize bias in estimations. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness of our findings. We identified that good sleep quality was significantly associated with lower risk of job burnout (OR: 0.70; 95%CI, 0.60 to 0.82, p = 6.02e-06), with 0.21 decrease in the score of exhaustion (95%CI,−0.29 to −0.12, p = 5.00e-06), and with 0.13 decrease in the score of cynicism (95%CI,−0.21 to −0.04, p = 3.73e-03). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results were robust to the choice of estimation models, as well as unmeasured confounding. Stratification analysis demonstrated that the associations of sleep quality with job burnout were largely heterogeneous for male and female workers. This study implicated that good sleep quality benefits the workers in relief of job burnout. Further research may be warranted in support of a definite causal relationship and intervention strategy.
Peroxiredoxin V (PrdxV) negatively regulates EGFR/Stat3-mediated fibrogenesis via a Cys48-dependent interaction between PrdxV and Stat3
Authors: Choi Hoon-In , Kim Dong-Hyun , Park Jung Sun , Kim In Jin , Kim Chang Seong , Bae Eun Hui , Ma Seong Kwon , Lee Tae-Hoon , Kim Soo Wan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractActivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling pathway has been reported to be associated with renal fibrosis. We have recently demonstrated that peroxiredoxin V (PrdxV) acted as an antifibrotic effector by inhibiting the activity of Stat3 in TGF-β-treated NRK49F cells. However, the underlying mechanism of PrdxV remains poorly understood. To investigate molecular mechanism of PrdxV, we used a transgenic mouse model expressing PrdxV siRNA (PrdxVsi mice) and performed unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) for 7 days. 209/MDCT cells were transiently transfected with HA-tagged WT PrdxV and C48S PrdxV. Transgenic PrdxVsi mice displayed an exacerbated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as an increase in oxidative stress induced by UUO. In the UUO kidney of the PrdxVsi mouse, knockdown of PrdxV increased Tyr1068-specific EGFR and Stat3 phosphorylation, whereas overexpression of WT PrdxV in 209/MDCT cells showed the opposite results. Immunoprecipitation revealed the specific interaction between WT PrdxV and Stat3 in the absence or presence of TGF-β stimulation, whereas no PrdxV-EGFR or C48S PrdxV-Stat3 interactions were detected under any conditions. In conclusion, PrdxV is an antifibrotic effector that sustains renal physiology. Direct interaction between PrdxV and Stat3 through Cys48 is a major molecular mechanism.
CD56 expression in breast cancer induces sensitivity to natural killer-mediated cytotoxicity by enhancing the formation of cytotoxic immunological synapse
Authors: Taouk Ghina , Hussein Ola , Zekak Moussa , Abouelghar Ali , Al-Sarraj Yasser , Abdelalim Essam M. , Karam Manale 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe examined the potential value of the natural killer (NK) cell line; NK-92, as immunotherapy tool for breast cancer (BC) treatment and searched for biomarker(s) of sensitivity to NK-92-mediated cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells towards one breast precancerous and nine BC cell lines was analyzed using calcein-AM and degranulation assays. The molecules associated with NK-92-responsiveness were determined by differential gene expression analysis using RNA-sequencing and validated by RT-PCR, immunostaining and flow cytometry. NK-target interactions and immunological synapse formation were assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Potential biomarker expression was determined by IHC in 99 patient-derived BC tissues and 10 normal mammary epithelial tissues. Most (8/9) BC cell lines were resistant while only one BC and the precancerous cell lines were effectively killed by NK-92 lymphocytes. NK-92-sensitive target cells specifically expressed CD56, which ectopic expression in CD56-negative BC cells induced their sensitivity to NK-92-mediated killing, suggesting that CD56 is not only a biomarker of responsiveness but actively regulates NK function. CD56 adhesion molecules which are also expressed on NK cells accumulate at the immunological synapse enhancing NK-target interactions, cytotoxic granzyme B transfer from NK-92 to CD56-expressing target cells and induction of caspase 3 activation in targets. Interestingly, CD56 expression was found to be reduced in breast tumor tissues (36%) with strong inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in comparison to normal breast tissues (80%). CD56 is a potential predictive biomarker for BC responsiveness to NK-92-cell based immunotherapy and loss of CD56 expression might be a mechanism of escape from NK-immunity.
Network-based identification and characterization of teleconnections on different scales
Authors: Agarwal Ankit , Caesar Levke , Marwan Norbert , Maheswaran Rathinasamy , Merz Bruno , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) patterns can – as surface climate forcing – affect weather and climate at large distances. One example is El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that causes climate anomalies around the globe via teleconnections. Although several studies identified and characterized these teleconnections, our understanding of climate processes remains incomplete, since interactions and feedbacks are typically exhibited at unique or multiple temporal and spatial scales. This study characterizes the interactions between the cells of a global SST data set at different temporal and spatial scales using climate networks. These networks are constructed using wavelet multi-scale correlation that investigate the correlation between the SST time series at a range of scales allowing instantaneously deeper insights into the correlation patterns compared to traditional methods like empirical orthogonal functions or classical correlation analysis. This allows us to identify and visualise regions of – at a certain timescale – similarly evolving SSTs and distinguish them from those with long-range teleconnections to other ocean regions. Our findings re-confirm accepted knowledge about known highly linked SST patterns like ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but also suggest new insights into the characteristics and origins of long-range teleconnections like the connection between ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole.
Second-harmonic optical vortex conversion from WS2 monolayer
Authors: Dasgupta Arindam , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWavelength, polarization and orbital angular momentum of light are important degrees of freedom for processing and encoding information in optical communication. Over the years, the generation and conversion of orbital angular momentum in nonlinear optical media has found many novel applications in the context of optical communication and quantum information processing. With that hindsight, here orbital angular momentum conversion of optical vortices through second-harmonic generation from only one atomically thin WS2 monolayer is demonstrated at room temperature. Moreover, it is shown that the valley-contrasting physics associated with the nonlinear optical selection rule in WS2 monolayer precisely determines the output circular polarization state of the generated second-harmonic vortex. These results pave the way for building future miniaturized valleytronic devices with atomic-scale thickness for many applications such as chiral photon emission, nonlinear beam generation, optoelectronics, and quantum computing.
Mental fatigue is linked with attentional bias for sad stimuli
Authors: Watanabe Kyosuke , Sasaki Akihiro T. , Tajima Kanako , Mizuseki Kenji , Mizuno Kei , Watanabe Yasuyoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed that patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and affective disorders (such as depression and anxiety disorders) exhibit a vigilant attentional bias toward negative emotional stimuli. However, it remains unclear whether the change in an attentional bias for negative emotional stimuli can be induced by mental fatigue in healthy individuals. To address this question, we examined healthy participants’ (n = 27) performance in a visual probe task and emotional Stroop task before and after the mental-fatigue-inducing task. We demonstrated that acute mental fatigue induced by the long-lasting working memory task led to the alteration of cognitive processing of negative emotional information in the healthy volunteers.
High-throughput isolation of giant viruses using high-content screening
Authors: Francis Rania , Ominami Yusuke , Bou Khalil Jacques Yaacoub , La Scola Bernard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe race to discover and isolate giant viruses began 15 years ago. Metagenomics is counterbalancing coculture, with the detection of giant virus genomes becoming faster as sequencing technologies develop. Since the discovery of giant viruses, many efforts have been made to improve methods for coculturing amebas and giant viruses, which remains the key engine of isolation of these microorganisms. However, these techniques still lack the proper tools for high-speed detection. In this paper, we present advances in the isolation of giant viruses. A new strategy was developed using a high-throughput microscope for real-time monitoring of cocultures using optimized algorithms targeting infected amebas. After validating the strategy, we adapted a new tabletop scanning electron microscope for high-speed identification of giant viruses directly from culture. The speed and isolation rate of this strategy has raised the coculture to almost the same level as sequencing techniques in terms of detection speed and sensitivity.
Design and implementation of a novel auxiliary network based ZVS DC/DC converter topology with MPWM: an application to electric vehicle battery charging
Authors: Srivastava Manaswi , Verma Arun Kumar , Singh Tomar Pavan 
Published: June 2019

The DC/DC converter stage has a significant role in the on‐board electric vehicle (EV) battery charger. This study proposes a zero voltage switching (ZVS) full‐bridge DC/DC converter (FBDC) for efficient power conversion with minimal power loss. The simplified auxiliary circuit‐based FBDC consolidate the modified pulse width modulation (MPWM) gating technique for DC/DC conversion stage according to battery profile of the EV. The proposed MPWM can minimise the conduction and switching losses in comparison to the previously proposed converter configuration using conventional phase shift modulation (PSM) gating technique. The size of auxiliary inductance required is reduced with MPWM in comparison to conventional FBDC auxiliary inductance with PSM gating technique. Design and implementation of proposed ZVS FBDC with MPWM are discussed for a 500 W, 80 kHz laboratory prototype and experimental results are presented to validate the design and performance of the proposed converter.
Enhancement in corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of hydrophobic‐treated CP by PTFE emulsion containing TiN NPs
Authors: Zhou Haikun , Wang Pan , Gao Pingping , Wu Xiaobo , Xie Zhiyong 
Published: June 2019

Titanium nitride (TiN)‐modified hydrophobic‐treated carbon paper (CP) was prepared by impregnating CP with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion containing TiN nanoparticles (NPs). Electrochemical measurements showed that CP witnessed an increase in corrosion resistance and electrical resistivity after treated with 5 wt% PTFE emulsion. Since the sacrifice in electrical conductivity is not beneficial to the application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), conductive ceramic NPs – TiN NPs were introduced into the CP to further improve its electrical conductivity. It was found that after adding TiN NPs, the electrical resistivity of CP (immersed in 5 wt% PTFE emulsion containing 8 wt% TiN NPs) decreased to a level (3.8 mΩ cm) similar to that of untreated CP (3.5 mΩ cm), and meanwhile there is a further improvement in corrosion resistance, where the corrosion current density (at 1.4 V) of TiN‐modified CP stabilises at the lowest value of 5.50 μA/cm2, as compared with 32.8 and 12.7 μA/cm2 for raw CP and PTFE‐treated CP. According to microstructure characterisation, these improvements could be attributable to the formation of conductive networks and improved PTFE distribution due to the addition of TiN NPs.