bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of high glucose on mesangial cell-derived exosome composition, secretion and cell communication
Authors: da Silva Novaes Antônio , Borges Fernanda Teixeira , Maquigussa Edgar , Varela Vanessa Araújo , Dias Marcos Vinicios Salles , Boim Mirian Aparecida 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMesangial cells stimulated with high glucose (HG) exhibit increased intracellular angiotensin II (AngII) synthesis that is correlated with the upregulation of AngII target genes, such as profibrotic cytokines. The intracrine effects of AngII can be mediated by several molecules transferred to other cells via exosomes (Exos), which play a key role in cellular communication under many physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exosomes derived from HG-stimulated human mesangial cells (HG-HMCs) on normal unstimulated HMCs. Exosomes from HMCs (C-Exos) and HG-HMCs (HG-Exos) were obtained from cell culture supernatants. HMCs were incubated with C-Exos or HG-Exos. HG stimulus induced a change in the amount but not the size of Exos. Both C-Exos and HG-Exos contained angiotensinogen and renin, but no angiotensin converting enzyme was detected. Compared with HMCs treated with C-Exos, HMCs treated with HG-Exos presented higher levels of fibronectin, angiotensinogen, renin, AT1and AT2receptors, indicating that HG-Exos modified the function of normal HMCs. These results suggest that the intercellular communication through Exos may have pathophysiological implications in the diabetic kidney.
Drug prioritization using the semantic properties of a knowledge graph
Authors: Malas Tareq B. , Vlietstra Wytze J. , Kudrin Roman , Starikov Sergey , Charrout Mohammed , Roos Marco , Peters Dorien J. M. , Kors Jan A. , Vos Rein , ‘t Hoen Peter A. C. , van Mulligen Erik M. , Hettne Kristina M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCompounds that are candidates for drug repurposing can be ranked by leveraging knowledge available in the biomedical literature and databases. This knowledge, spread across a variety of sources, can be integrated within a knowledge graph, which thereby comprehensively describes known relationships between biomedical concepts, such as drugs, diseases, genes, etc. Our work uses the semantic information between drug and disease concepts as features, which are extracted from an existing knowledge graph that integrates 200 different biological knowledge sources. RepoDB, a standard drug repurposing database which describes drug-disease combinations that were approved or that failed in clinical trials, is used to train a random forest classifier. The 10-times repeated 10-fold cross-validation performance of the classifier achieves a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 92.2%. We apply the classifier to prioritize 21 preclinical drug repurposing candidates that have been suggested for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). Mozavaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist is predicted to be the drug most likely to be approved after a clinical trial, and belongs to the same drug class as tolvaptan, the only treatment for ADPKD that is currently approved. We conclude that semantic properties of concepts in a knowledge graph can be exploited to prioritize drug repurposing candidates for testing in clinical trials.
Corneal Endothelial Decompensation after Ocular Chemical Burn: Description of a New Finding
Authors: Steinemann Alexandra , Blaser Frank , Livny Eitan , Baenninger Philipp , Marti Marvin , Gerber-Hollbach Nadine , Eggenschwiler Laura , Gatzioufas Zisis , Goldblum David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Ocular chemical burn is an ophthalmological emergency. Therefore, chemical injuries should be promptly addressed in order to initiate the appropriate treatment as soon as possible and optimize the visual prognosis. We present a retrospective study of ten cases with ocular chemical burn including one with superglue and one with a liquid plaster material injury and describe their clinical course.
History and Signs Ten adult patients (34 – 92 years, 8 males) presented with moderate to severe alkali or neutral chemical burns in our emergency clinics. They exhibited a variable degree of conjunctival injection, limbal ischemia, corneal erosion, and Descemetʼs folds.
Therapy and Outcome Patients were treated and complete corneal epithelial closure was achieved in all cases without significant signs of limbal stem cell insufficiency. Corneal endothelial insufficiency was observed in all cases. Nine patients had to be listed for corneal endothelial keratoplasty and one was treated with Descemetʼs stripping endothelial automated keratoplasty.
Conclusions Isolated corneal endothelial decompensation after chemical burns has not yet been described. The pathophysiological explanation of this observation remains, however, unknown. In view of this rare complication, it is important to follow patients after chemical ocular burn for possible development of endothelial decompensation.
Bestimmung der Immunglobulin-G-Versorgung beim neugeborenen
Kalb
Authors: Hampe Marian , Wehrend Axel 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungEine ausreichende Versorgung mit kolostralen Antikörpern innerhalb der ersten
Lebensstunden ist für die Entwicklung und den Gesundheitsstatus junger Kälber
entscheidend. Es ist sinnvoll, im Rahmen der Bestandskontrolle und -beratung die
Immunglobulinaufnahme beim Einzeltier, insbesondere aber auf Herdenebene zu
überprüfen, um eine tierschutzgerechte und wirtschaftliche Kälberaufzucht zu
ermöglichen. Aufgrund der aufwendigen laborgebundenen und zum Teil
zeitintensiven direkten Messung der aufgenommenen Immunglobuline mittels
radialer Immundiffusion (RID) oder ELISA wurde in zahlreichen Studien versucht,
indirekte Methoden zu entwickeln, die vor allem kostengünstig und vor Ort
verfügbar sein sollen. Diese versuchen, durch korrelierte Messgrößen einen
Rückschluss auf die aufgenommene Menge kolostraler Antikörper zu ermöglichen. In
zahlreichen Überprüfungen zeigten sich bei den einzelnen Methoden allerdings zum
Teil erhebliche Differenzen hinsichtlich Spezifität und Sensitivität im
Vergleich mit den direkten Nachweisverfahren. In diesem Artikel werden neben RID
und ELISA die Aktivitätsmessung der γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), die Bestimmung
der Gesamtproteinkonzentration im Serum mittels Refraktometrie sowie des
Zinksulfattrübungstests vorgestellt und ihre Vor- und Nachteile in der Anwendung
dargelegt. Insbesondere die Refraktometrie und eingeschränkt die Messung der
GGT-Aktivität stellen für den Praktiker eine Alternative zur laborgebundenen
IgG-Messung dar. Trotz alledem existiert keine ideale Schnellmessmethode, sodass
bei den jeweiligen Verfahren Störfaktoren beachtet werden müssen.
Benigne Neoplasien der Orbita
Authors: von Sonnleithner Christoph , Zorn Malte , Bertelmann Eckart 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Vielfalt orbitaler Raumforderungen ist außerordentlich groß. Manche Entitäten sind sehr selten. Das häufigste Symptom ist der Exophthalmus, daneben können Bulbusdislokation, Strabismus, Schmerzen, Sehverschlechterung und Gesichtsfeldausfälle auftreten. Die Therapie der Wahl bei den meisten symptomatischen benignen Neoplasien der Orbita ist die chirurgische Resektion.
Readability of Patient Education Texts Presented on the Internet Related to Vaccines
Authors: Bağcı Zafer , Kozanhan Betul , Tutar Mahmut Sami 
Published: April 2019

Objective This study aimed to compare the readability and the contents of the patient information texts regarding vaccination on Turkish Internet sites.
Material and Methods Websites were searched in the Google search engine using the keywords “what is vaccination?” “benefits of vaccination,” “harms of vaccination,” and “side effects of vaccination” in May 2018. Readability was determined using Ateşman and Bezirci–Yilmaz formulas. According to Ateşman readability formula, the higher the readability of a text, the easier it can be read. Readability of “health-care professional” websites was compared with that of “non–health-care professional” websites. The content of the websites was analyzed by two pediatricians.
Results After the exclusion of the website not fulfilling the criteria, 44 websites, of which 20 were created by health-care professionals and 24 by non–health-care professionals, were evaluated. Ateşman readability scores were 53.62 ± 14.27 and 54.30 ± 8.60 for websites created by health-care professionals and non–health-care professionals, respectively. Mean readability level was “moderately difficult” for both groups according to Ateşman formula, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.83). Mean readability level was categorized as at “secondary-high school” with Bezirci–Yilmaz readability formula, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.68). The percentage of the contents of websites prepared by health-care professionals was found to be significantly higher when compared with non–health-care professionals (p = 0.04).
Conclusion It was found that the readability of the patient information texts in the web pages related to vaccination was moderately difficult and that the text content was insufficient. To improve the readability, short sentences should be prepared by health-care professionals with few words and syllables. Existing texts should be revised in the light of current information.
Systematic assessment of the sex ratio at birth for all countries and estimation of national imbalances and regional reference levels
Authors: Chao Fengqing , Gerland Patrick , Cook Alex R. , Alkema Leontine 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceThis study provides information on sex ratio at birth (SRB) reference levels and SRB imbalance. Using a comprehensive database and a Bayesian estimation model, we estimate that SRB reference levels are significantly different from the commonly assumed historical norm of 1.05 for most regions. We identify 12 countries with strong statistical evidence of SRB imbalance: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Hong Kong (SAR of China), India, Republic of Korea, Montenegro, Taiwan (Province of China), Tunisia, and Vietnam.
Cancer stemness, intratumoral heterogeneity, and immune response across cancers
Authors: Miranda Alex , Hamilton Phineas T. , Zhang Allen W. , Pattnaik Swetansu , Becht Etienne , Mezheyeuski Artur , Bruun Jarle , Micke Patrick , de Reynies Aurélien , Nelson Brad H. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The exclusion of immune cells from the tumor microenvironment has been associated with poor prognosis in the majority of cancers. We report that when considering 21 solid cancer types, immune cell exclusion is widely associated with the presence of a stem cell-like phenotype in tumors (“stemness”). Stemness positively correlates with higher intratumoral heterogeneity, possibly by protecting antigenic clones from elimination by the immune system. The activation of a stemness program appears to limit antitumor immune responses via tumor cell-intrinsic silencing of endogenous retrovirus expression, repression of type I interferon signaling, and up-regulation of immunosuppressive checkpoints. Our work suggests that targeting the stemness phenotype in cancer will promote T cell infiltration and render tumors more responsive to immune control.
Rapid screening of engineered microbial therapies in a 3D multicellular model
Authors: Harimoto Tetsuhiro , Singer Zakary S. , Velazquez Oscar S. , Zhang Joanna , Castro Samuel , Hinchliffe Taylor E. , Mather William , Danino Tal 
Published: April 2019

Significance
An emerging area of synthetic biology is the engineering of bacteria to diagnose and treat various diseases in the body. However, the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro testing environments to rapidly screen bacterial therapies limits their development for clinical use. Here, we develop a platform that enables parallel and long-term monitoring of engineered bacteria in multicellular spheroids. Using this system, we rapidly screened tumor-targeting bacteria engineered to deliver a library of anticancer molecules via synthetic gene circuits. We demonstrate high similarity between in vitro and in vivo results and show broad applicability of the system with various bacterial species and cell types. This technology may serve to accelerate future clinical applications for synthetic biology.
Protease-independent action of tissue plasminogen activator in brain plasticity and neurological recovery after ischemic stroke
Authors: Pu Hongjian , Shi Yejie , Zhang Lili , Lu Zhengyu , Ye Qing , Leak Rehana K. , Xu Fei , Ma Shubei , Mu Hongfeng , Wei Zhishuo , Xu Na , Xia Yuguo , Hu Xiaoming , Hitchens T. Kevin , Bennett Michael V. L. , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Therapies that boost brain plasticity and repair processes without deleterious side effects have the potential to transform the clinical management of stroke. Here we report that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), known as a clot buster for clinical treatment of ischemic stroke, exerts additional neurorestorative effects in a murine model of stroke by stimulating axonal regeneration and facilitating functional recovery. Importantly, functional restoration was independent of tPA’s proteolytic activity—a mutant, protease-inactive form of tPA, tPA-S478A, was as effective as regular tPA. Results of our preclinical studies support the view that tPA-S478A has the therapeutic potential to enhance brain regeneration and functional restoration in stroke victims. Unlike regular tPA, tPA-S478A does not bear the risk of inducing intracerebral hemorrhage.
Influence of shoe drop on running kinematics and kinetics in female runners
Authors: Besson Thibault , Morio Cédric , Millet Guillaume Y. , Rossi Jérémy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of shoe drop on lower limb kinematics and kinetics in female runners.Fifteen healthy female runners ran on a 15‐m runway at their preferred speed with three different shoe‐drop conditions: 0 (D0), 6 (D6) and 10 (D10) mm. Three‐dimensional marker positions and ground reaction forces were recorded to analyse kinetic and kinematic parameters using zero‐ (0D) and one‐dimensional (1D) metrics (statistical parametric mapping, SPM). Regarding 0D parameters, significantly higher loading rates and transient peaks were found in D0 compared to D6 and D10 conditions (both p < .01). For 1D analysis, significantly higher ankle dorsiflexion moments were found in D0 compared to D6 and D10 during the braking phase (p < .01). Lower knee extension moments between 52% and 55% and 61% and 65% of contact time (p < .05) were also found. No difference was found between D6 and D10 conditions (p > .05). As previously shown in men, this study demonstrates that shoe drop influences running kinematic and kinetic patterns. Using SPM analysis in conjunction with classical analysis, the study adds new understanding on the influence of shoes on joint moment during contact time.
A delayed gating approach for interference-free ratio-based phosphor thermometry
Authors: Mendieta Aldo , Fond Benoît , Dragomirov Plamen , Beyrau Frank 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Accurate surface temperature measurements present vast difficulties in numerous technical applications, especially when imaging fast temperature changes. One example is spray-induced surface cooling, where temperature variations occur on the sub-millisecond timescale. Phosphor thermometry relies on changes in the photoluminescence properties (typically the lifetime or the emission spectrum) of phosphor materials for temperature determination. For temperature imaging in situations where short measurement durations are critical such as on fast moving objects or short and intense heat transfer events, the spectral method is preferred. However, in many situations, fluorescence signals over a broad spectral range originate from fuel, flame radicals, optical windows or even the chemical binder used to coat the phosphor material and may interfere with the measurements.
In this work, we investigate a delay strategy for the spectral method that prevents interference from fluorescence sources by using a phosphor with a microsecond-range-lifetime. By applying a short delay (<1 µs), between excitation and detection, short-lived interfering fluorescence signals can be efficiently avoided. The temporal and spectral content of the fluorescence from the substrate, binder and fuel are investigated with a photomultiplier tube and a spectrometer respectively. The delayed gating strategy is then implemented for temperature imaging of the wetted side of a spray impinged surface with a tin-doped phosphor, (Sr,Mg)3(PO4)2:Sn2+; selected for its suitable lifetime (26 µs @ 300 K) and high temperature sensitivity. Calibration measurements for coated surfaces show that by avoiding fluorescence from the binder, the temperature sensitivity is improved from 0.3% K−1 to 0.8% K−1 at 293 K. Furthermore the calibration curve repeatability between two similar coatings is enhanced. Finally, temperature measurements of the cooling induced by a fluorescing impinging gasoline spray was successfully performed with this strategy owing the same level of measurement precision (0.5 K) as with a non-fluorescing fuel (n-hexane UV grade).
Probing the unidentified Fermi blazar-like population using optical polarization and machine learning
Authors: Liodakis I , Blinov D 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The Fermi γ-ray space telescope has revolutionized our view of the γ-ray sky and the high-energy processes in the Universe. While the number of known γ-ray emitters has increased by orders of magnitude since the launch of Fermi, there is an ever increasing number of, now more than a thousand, detected point sources whose low-energy counterpart is to this day unknown. To address this problem, we combined optical polarization measurements from the RoboPol survey as well as other discriminants of blazars from publicly available all-sky surveys in machine learning (ML, random forest and logistic regression) frameworks that could be used to identify blazars in the Fermi unidentified fields with an accuracy of &gt;95 per cent. Out of the potential observational biases considered, blazar variability seems to have the most significant effect reducing the predictive power of the frameworks to ${\sim }80\hbox{-}85{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. We apply our ML framework to six unidentified Fermi fields observed using the RoboPol polarimeter. We identified the same candidate source proposed by Mandarakas et al. for 3FGL J0221.2 + 2518.
HERBS I: Metallicity and alpha enhancement along the Galactic bulge minor axis
Authors: Duong L , Asplund M , Nataf D M , Freeman K C , Ness M , Howes L M 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
To better understand the origin and evolution of the Milky Way bulge, we have conducted a survey of bulge red giant branch and clump stars using the High Efficiency and Resolution Multi-Element Spectrograph on the Anglo–Australian Telescope. We targeted ARGOS survey stars with predetermined bulge memberships, covering the full metallicity distribution function. The spectra have signal-to-noise ratios comparable to, and were analysed using the same methods as the GALAH survey. In this work, we present the survey design, stellar parameters, distribution of metallicity, and alpha-element abundances along the minor bulge axis at latitudes b = −10°, − 7.5°, and −5°. Our analysis of ARGOS stars indicates that the centroids of ARGOS metallicity components should be located ≈0.09 dex closer together. The vertical distribution of α-element abundances is consistent with the varying contributions of the different metallicity components. Closer to the plane, alpha abundance ratios are lower as the metal-rich population dominates. At higher latitudes, the alpha abundance ratios increase as the number of metal-poor stars increases. However, we find that the trend of alpha-enrichment with respect to metallicity is independent of latitude. Comparison of our results with those of GALAH DR2 revealed that for [Fe/H] ≈ −0.8, the bulge shares the same abundance trend as the high-α disc population. However, the metal-poor bulge population ([Fe/H] ≲ −0.8) show enhanced alpha abundance ratios compared to the disc/halo. These observations point to fairly rapid chemical evolution in the bulge, and that the metal-poor bulge population does not share the same similarity with the disc as the more metal-rich populations.
Baryons in the Cosmic Web of IllustrisTNG – I: gas in knots, filaments, sheets, and voids
Authors: Martizzi Davide , Vogelsberger Mark , Artale Maria Celeste , Haider Markus , Torrey Paul , Marinacci Federico , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Weinberger Rainer , Hernquist Lars , Naiman Jill , Springel Volker 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
We analyse the IllustrisTNG simulations to study the mass, volume fraction, and phase distribution of gaseous baryons embedded in the knots, filaments, sheets, and voids of the Cosmic Web from redshift z = 8 to redshift z = 0. We find that filaments host more star-forming gas than knots, and that filaments also have a higher relative mass fraction of gas in this phase than knots. We also show that the cool, diffuse intergalactic medium [IGM; $T\lt 10^5 \, {\rm K}$, $n_{\rm H}\lt 10^{-4}(1+z) \, {\rm cm^{-3}}$] and the warm-hot intergalactic medium [WHIM; $10^5 \lt T\lt 10^7 \, {\rm K}$, $n_{\rm H} \lt 10^{-4}(1+z)\, {\rm cm^{-3}}$] constitute ${\sim } 39$ and ${\sim } 46{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the baryons at redshift z = 0, respectively. Our results indicate that the WHIM may constitute the largest reservoir of missing baryons at redshift z = 0. Using our Cosmic Web classification, we predict the WHIM to be the dominant baryon mass contribution in filaments and knots at redshift z = 0, but not in sheets and voids where the cool, diffuse IGM dominates. We also characterize the evolution of WHIM and IGM from redshift z = 4 to redshift z = 0, and find that the mass fraction of WHIM in filaments and knots evolves only by a factor of ∼2 from redshift z = 0 to 1, but declines faster at higher redshift. The WHIM only occupies $4\!-\!11{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the volume at redshift 0 ≤ z ≤ 1. We predict the existence of a significant number of currently undetected O vii and Ne ix absorption systems in cosmic filaments, which could be detected by future X-ray telescopes like Athena.