bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Characteristics of Polar Cap Patches Observed by RISR‐C
Authors: Ren Jiaen , Zou Shasha , Gillies Robert G. , Donovan Eric , Varney Roger H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPolar cap “patches” are ~100 to 1,000 km islands of high‐density plasma at polar latitudes, which can cause scintillation to communication and navigation signals. An automatic algorithm for patch identification has been developed and applied to the observations from the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar‐Canada during January to March and September to December, 2016. Four hundred thirty‐seven patches have been identified, and their statistical characteristics have been studied, including their occurrence rate as a function of magnetic local time (MLT) and statistical profiles of plasma parameters at different MLT sectors. About 60% of the patches are observed between 1200 and 2400 MLT, consistent with earlier observations near this latitude (~82° MLat) using different instruments. Superposed epoch analysis has been used to study the vertical profiles of electron density and temperature, ion temperature, vertical velocity, and flux measured within the patches where the density peaks. The patch median density is higher than the sector median with a ratio of ~1.8–2.1 at the altitude of F‐region density peak. Meanwhile, the patch electron temperature is typically lower than the sector median between ~200 and 450 km with the largest difference near noon (~380 K). In contrast, the ion temperature profile of the patches does not show obvious differences except in the noon sector, where the ion temperature is about 150 K higher than the sector median at ~360 km. Additionally, downward ion fluxes with peak exceeding ~1013 m−2 s−1 are found in the patches between ~200 and 400 km at all MLT sectors.
Variability and Redistribution of Heat in the Atlantic Water Boundary Current North of Svalbard
Authors: Renner A. H. H. , Sundfjord A. , Janout M. A. , Ingvaldsen R. B. , Beszczynska‐Möller A. , Pickart R. S. , Pérez‐Hernández M. D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe quantify Atlantic Water heat loss north of Svalbard using year‐long hydrographic and current records from three moorings deployed across the Svalbard Branch of the Atlantic Water boundary current in 2012–2013. The boundary current loses annually on average 16 W m−2 during the eastward propagation along the upper continental slope. The largest vertical fluxes of >100 W m−2 occur episodically in autumn and early winter. Episodes of sea ice imported from the north in November 2012 and February 2013 coincided with large ocean‐to‐ice heat fluxes, which effectively melted the ice and sustained open water conditions in the middle of the Arctic winter. Between March and early July 2013, a persistent ice cover‐modulated air‐sea fluxes. Melting sea ice at the start of the winter initiates a cold, up to 100‐m‐deep halocline separating the ice cover from the warm Atlantic Water. Semidiurnal tides dominate the energy over the upper part of the slope. The vertical tidal structure depends on stratification and varies seasonally, with the potential to contribute to vertical fluxes with shear‐driven mixing. Further processes impacting the heat budget include lateral heat loss due to mesoscale eddies, and modest and negligible contributions of Ekman pumping and shelf break upwelling, respectively. The continental slope north of Svalbard is a key example regarding the role of ocean heat for the sea ice cover. Our study underlines the complexity of the ocean's heat budget that is sensitive to the balance between oceanic heat advection, vertical fluxes, air‐sea interaction, and the sea ice cover.
North Atlantic Ocean Internal Decadal Variability: Role of the Mean State and Ocean‐Atmosphere Coupling
Authors: Gastineau Guillaume , Mignot Juliette , Arzel Olivier , Huck Thierry 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe origin of the decadal variability in the North Atlantic Ocean is investigated in a series of coupled and ocean‐only numerical experiments. Two versions of the IPSL‐CM5A model are considered, differing only by their atmospheric horizontal resolution (3.75° × 1.87° and 2.5° × 1.25°). When the ocean model is forced by the climatological surface fluxes from the low atmospheric resolution coupled model version, a 20‐year variability emerges, similar to the variability found in the coupled simulation. Such decadal variability is consistent with a large‐scale baroclinic instability of the mean flow in the west European basin. Increasing the atmospheric resolution leads to a more intense Icelandic low, which intensifies the western subpolar gyre, and warms the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre region. The mean state changes nearly vanish the associated internal oceanic variability under the corresponding climatological surface fluxes. Increasing the atmospheric resolution also produces a slightly weaker atmospheric stochastic forcing. Both the mean state and atmospheric variability changes are consistent with the decreasing amplitude of the variability in the coupled model. For both model versions, the amplitude of the internal oceanic variability is strongly enhanced in the presence of atmospheric stochastic forcing. Air‐sea coupling on the other hand has a moderate influence on the amplitude of the variability only in the low‐resolution model version, where the North Atlantic oceanic variability at 20 years increases by 23% due to coupling. The coupling effect is therefore modest and sensitive to the atmospheric horizontal resolution.
Assessment of Regional Mercury Deposition and Emission Outflow in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Xun , Lin Che‐Jen , Feng Xinbin , Yuan Wei , Fu Xuewu , Zhang Hui , Wu Qingru , Wang Shuxiao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMainland China is the largest emission region of anthropogenic mercury (Hg) in the world. There have been concerns regarding the emission outflow and chemical transport budget of Hg in the region. Earlier assessments of Hg chemical transport were based on relatively outdated emission data. Recent estimates for anthropogenic (Wu et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04308) and natural Hg emissions (X. Wang, Lin, et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp‐16‐11125‐2016) show substantial differences from earlier emission inventories. In this study, we applied the updated Hg emission estimates to reassess the regional transport budget using Community Multiscale Air Quality‐Hg v5.1. Our results show that the variation of simulated concentration, deposition, and associated emission outflow of Hg are primarily influenced by the spatial‐temporal variation of Hg emissions, monsoon shifts, and particulate matter pollution in China. Total Hg deposition in Mainland China is estimated to be 422 Mg/year, and approximately two thirds of the deposition is contributed by domestic emissions. The net Hg transport budget from Mainland China is 511 Mg/year, contributing to 10% of Hg deposition in other regions of the world. This reassessment points to a ~25% reduction in total annual outflow compared to the previous estimate by Lin et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp‐10‐1853‐2010). Such reduction is mainly caused by changes in Hg emission quantity, speciation, and spatial/temporal distributions. More modeling studies focusing on reducing uncertainties of emission inventories and Hg atmospheric chemistry are needed for continuous assessment of Hg emission outflow in this emission‐intensive region.
An Estimate of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity From Interannual Variability
Authors: Dessler A. E. , Forster P. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEstimating the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS; the equilibrium warming in response to a doubling of CO2) from observations is one of the big problems in climate science. Using observations of interannual climate variations covering the period 2000 to 2017 and a model‐derived relationship between interannual variations and forced climate change, we estimate that ECS is likely 2.4–4.6 K (17–83% confidence interval), with a mode and median value of 2.9 and 3.3 K, respectively. This analysis provides no support for low values of ECS (below 2 K) suggested by other analyses. The main uncertainty in our estimate is not observational uncertainty but rather uncertainty in converting observations of short term, mainly unforced climate variability to an estimate of the response of the climate system to long‐term forced warming.
Rossby Wave Breaking and Isentropic Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchange During 1981–2015 in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Jing P. , Banerjee S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo better understand the potential effects of climate change on atmospheric dynamics, this paper studies Rossby wave breaking and isentropic stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE) in the Northern Hemisphere between 320 and 380 K during 1981–2015 using the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application version 2 data. The isentropic STE is estimated using Contour Advection. Our results show that anticyclonic wave breaking events have become more frequent, especially in summer at higher isentropic surfaces, and cyclonic wave breaking events have become less frequent at 320 K. The anticyclonic wave breaking has shifted poleward in summer. The isentropic STE is found to be strongest over the regions where Rossby wave breaking activities are most frequent. Both isentropic STE and Rossby wave breaking are shown to be strongest in summer and weakest in winter. Our results do not show any discernable trends during isentropic STE during 1981–2015.
Whole-genome analysis for effective clinical diagnosis and gene discovery in early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Ostrander Betsy E. P. , Butterfield Russell J. , Pedersen Brent S. , Farrell Andrew J. , Layer Ryan M. , Ward Alistair , Miller Chase , DiSera Tonya , Filloux Francis M. , Candee Meghan S. , Newcomb Tara , Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Marth Gabor T. , Quinlan Aaron R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEarly infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) is a devastating epilepsy syndrome with onset in the first months of life. Although mutations in more than 50 different genes are known to cause EIEE, current diagnostic yields with gene panel tests or whole-exome sequencing are below 60%. We applied whole-genome analysis (WGA) consisting of whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive variant discovery approaches to a cohort of 14 EIEE subjects for whom prior genetic tests had not yielded a diagnosis. We identified both de novo point and INDEL mutations and de novo structural rearrangements in known EIEE genes, as well as mutations in genes not previously associated with EIEE. The detection of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation in all 14 subjects demonstrates the utility of WGA to reduce the time and costs of clinical diagnosis of EIEE. While exome sequencing may have detected 12 of the 14 causal mutations, 3 of the 12 patients received non-diagnostic exome panel tests prior to genome sequencing. Thus, given the continued decline of sequencing costs, our results support the use of WGA with comprehensive variant discovery as an efficient strategy for the clinical diagnosis of EIEE and other genetic conditions.
Identification and functional study of a mild allele of SlDELLA gene conferring the potential for improved yield in tomato
Authors: Shinozaki Yoshihito , Ezura Kentaro , Hu Jianhong , Okabe Yoshihiro , Bénard Camille , Prodhomme Duyen , Gibon Yves , Sun Tai-ping , Ezura Hiroshi , Ariizumi Tohru 
Published: August 2018

AbstractParthenocarpy, or pollination-independent fruit set, is an attractive trait for fruit production and can be induced by increased responses to the phytohormone gibberellin (GA), which regulates diverse aspects of plant development. GA signaling in plants is negatively regulated by DELLA proteins. A loss-of-function mutant of tomatoDELLA(SlDELLA),procera(pro) thus exhibits enhanced GA-response phenotypes including parthenocarpy, although thepromutation also confers some disadvantages for practical breeding. This study identified a new milder hypomorphic allele ofSlDELLA,procera-2(pro-2), which showed weaker GA-response phenotypes thanpro. Thepro-2mutant contains a single nucleotide substitution, corresponding to a single amino acid substitution in the SAW subdomain of the SlDELLA. Accumulation of the mutatedSlDELLAtranscripts in wild-type (WT) resulted in parthenocarpy, while introduction of intactSlDELLAintopro-2rescued mutant phenotypes. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that SlDELLA interacted with three tomato homologues of GID1 GA receptors with increasing affinity upon GA treatment, while their interactions were reduced by theproandpro-2mutations. Bothproandpro-2mutants produced higher fruit yields under high temperature conditions, which were resulted from higher fruit set efficiency, demonstrating the potential for genetic parthenocarpy to improve yield under adverse environmental conditions.
Mutual Interaction between Plasma Characteristics and Liquid Properties in AC-driven Pin-to-Liquid Discharge
Authors: Yoon Sung-Young , Jeon Hyeongwon , Yi Changho , Park Seungil , Ryu Seungmin , Kim Seong Bong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the mutual interaction between the plasma and plasma treated water (PTW). Many works have shown that the plasma treatment decreases the pH of PTW due to nitric oxide electrolyte ion but the interactions between PTW and the plasma are still largely unknown. We investigated the effect of PTW on a plasma as well as the effect of a plasma on PTW using a pin-to-liquid discharge system. It is found that PTW affects not only the chemical properties but also the physical properties of the plasma such as breakdown voltage and concentration of plasma column. The decrease of the liquid surface tension of PTW due to nitric oxide electrolyte ion from the plasma results in the increase of plasma current onto the surface of PTW and vice versa. The feedback process will be continued until the transition from normal discharge to abnormal discharge. These results can be basic data for the development of plasma sources to treat liquids.
Detection of opsonizing antibodies directed against a recently circulating Bordetella pertussis strain in paired plasma samples from symptomatic and recovered pertussis patients
Authors: Hovingh Elise S. , Kuipers Betsy , Bonačić Marinović Axel A , Jan Hamstra Hendrik , Hijdra Danielle , Mughini Gras Lapo , van Twillert Inonge , Jongerius Ilse , van Els Cecile A. C. M. , Pinelli Elena 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCorrelates of protection (CoPs) against the highly contagious respiratory disease whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, remain elusive. Characterizing the antibody response to this pathogen is essential towards identifying potential CoPs. Here, we evaluate levels, avidity and functionality of B. pertussis-specific-antibodies from paired plasma samples derived from symptomatic and recovered pertussis patients, as well as controls. Natural infection is expected to induce protective immunity. IgG levels and avidity to nine B. pertussis antigens were determined using a novel multiplex panel. Furthermore, opsonophagocytosis of a B. pertussis clinical isolate by neutrophils was measured. Findings indicate that following infection, B. pertussis-specific antibody levels of (ex-) pertussis patients waned, while the avidity of antibodies directed against the majority of studied antigens increased. Opsonophagocytosis indices decreased upon recovery, but remained higher than controls. Random forest analysis of all the data revealed that 28% of the opsonophagocytosis index variances could be explained by filamentous hemagglutinin- followed by pertussis toxin-specific antibodies. We propose to further explore which other B. pertussis-specific antibodies can better predict opsonophagocytosis. Moreover, other B. pertussis-specific antibody functions as well as the possible integration of these functions in combination with other immune cell properties should be evaluated towards the identification of CoPs against pertussis.
Quinolone-fused cyclic sulfonamide as a novel benign antifilarial agent
Authors: Mukherjee Suprabhat , Joardar Nikhilesh , Mondal Shovan , Schiefer Andrea , Hoerauf Achim , Pfarr Kenneth , Babu Santi P. Sinha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSearch of potent antifilarial drugs has been a major thrust area in tropical medicine research over the decades. Herein, we report 4,7-dimethyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-3λ6-[1,2]thiazino[4,3-f]quinoline-3,3,8-trione (8l) as a new class of antifilarial agent which is extremely potent, with lethality against all the developmental stages (oocyte, microfilaria and adult) of the filarial parasite Setaria cervi. Molecular investigation on its mode of action revealed that 8l is a typical inducer of reactive oxygen species that triggers oxidative stress inside the filarid and further signals induction of apoptosis by activating both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Moreover, 8l is also active against Wolbachia, the essential endosymbiont of several human infectious filarids. Selective toxicity against filarial parasites and non-toxic nature in rat model were found as unique traits of 8l to be a future medicine. Taken en masse, this maiden report on a novel quinolone fused cyclic sulfonamide presents a promising therapeutic lead for lymphatic filariasis in future.
Patient, Parent, and Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceptions of Pediatric Voice Therapy Through Interviews
Authors: Braden Maia N. , van Leer Eva , McConville Katherine , Blakeslee Sarah D. M. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Voice therapy is heavily reliant on patient adherence for success, and patient perceptions are an important piece of understanding adherence. Patient perceptions of voice therapy have not been studied in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to examine patient, parent, and speech-language pathologists' experiences and perceptions of voice therapy and how they reflect barriers to and facilitators of adherence to therapy.

Method
Participants took part in semistructured interviews, which were transcribed, and content analysis was completed using established qualitative methods of content analysis to identify themes and subthemes related to voice therapy adherence.

Participants
Thirty-four voice therapy patients (of ages 4–18) and their parents and 5 pediatric speech-language pathologists were included in the study.

Results
Seven primary themes with multiple subthemes were identified. The primary themes identified were as follows: (a) voice therapy is fun, (b) voice therapy is easy, (c) voice therapy is worthwhile, (d) the clinician–patient match matters, (e) support systems are helpful, (f) fitting it in, and (g) changing behavior is hard.

Conclusions
Adherence to voice therapy in pediatric populations is complex and depends on multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Identification of themes related to adherence in voice therapy should serve to assist clinicians in planning therapy and in developing treatment programs.
Viel heißer Dampf: das Cannabis-Hyperemesis-Syndrom
Authors: Gericke Maximilian , Hartmann Dirk 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Die stationäre Aufnahme des 43-jährigen Patienten erfolgte bei schwallartigem Erbrechen und Bauchschmerzen. Als Vorerkrankungen bestehen eine Depression und multiple Bandscheibenvorfälle. Ein Alkoholkonsum von drei Flaschen Bier täglich wird angegeben.
Untersuchung und Befunde Die klinische Untersuchung zeigte bis auf diffuse abdominelle Druckschmerzen keine weiteren Auffälligkeiten. Laborchemisch fiel bzw. fielen ein erhöhtes Serum-Kreatinin (205 µmol/l), eine Leukozytose (18,4^3/µl) und leicht erhöhte y-GT (2,3 µkat/l) auf. Stuhlkulturen, Abdomen-Sonografie und Ösophago-Gastroskopie zeigten keine wegweisenden Befunde.
Therapie und Verlauf Unter intravenöser Flüssigkeitsgabe normalisierten sich die Nierenretentionsparameter. Das Erbrechen persistierte trotz Gabe vom Metoclopramid und Dimenhydrinat, lediglich Lorazepam schien die Symptome zu lindern. Der Patient fiel durch ausgiebiges heißes Duschen auf. Auf Nachfrage gab der Patient einen Cannabisabusus an. Nach Gabe von 4 mg Haloperidol und Beendigung des Canabiskonsums sistierte das Erbrechen, die Entlassung konnte nach 6 Tagen erfolgen.
Folgerung Das Cannabis-Hyperemesis-Syndrom ist durch paradoxes Erbrechen, diffuse Bauchschmerzen und ausgiebiges Duschen gekennzeichnet. Bei typischer Symptomkonstellation sollte eine Drogenanamnese erfolgen. Die Kenntnis dieses Krankheitsbildes kann helfen, Überdiagnostik zu vermeiden.
Selbsthilfe – quo vadis?
Authors: Mund Annette 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungWas versteht man heute unter Selbsthilfe? Wie ist sie entstanden? Wie hat sie sich entwickelt? Wem nützt sie, wer profitiert von ihr? Die Bundesvorsitzende vom
Kindernetzwerk e. V., Annette Mund, hat den Weg der Selbsthilfe von den Anfängen bis heute verfolgt und sich Gedanken dazu gemacht, wohin die Selbsthilfe in
Zukunft steuern könnte – und sollte.
Kein Kind soll durchs Netz fallen
Authors: Absalon Susanne , Henkel Anja 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungWer Familien im Kontext der Frühen Hilfen professionell versorgen will, kommt um Netzwerkarbeit nicht herum – zu viele Akteure und Einrichtungen sind
mittlerweile mit der Unterstützung von Familien betraut. In Bonn wird die Netzwerkarbeit von zwei freien Trägern koordiniert. Welche Aufgabenbereiche
dahinterstecken und wie es gelingt, Familien eine optimale Unterstützung anzubieten, zeigt der folgende Beitrag.
Belastungsinkontinenz nach operativer Therapie einer benignen Prostatahyperplasie: Konservative und operative Therapieoptionen
Authors: Kretschmer Alexander , Gratzke Christian 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungEine dauerhafte Belastungsinkontinenz nach operativer Therapie einer gutartigen Prostatavergrößerung (BPH) tritt mit einer Inzidenz von circa 2,2 % auf, wobei die Inzidenz zwischen den verschiedenen Therapieoptionen deutlich variiert. Die Evidenz zur konservativen sowie operativen Therapie der Belastungsinkontinenz basiert in der Regel auf Studien an Patienten mit einer Postprostatektomie-Inkontinenz (PPI) oder auf kleinen Subkohorten aus großen Patientenkollektiven. Studien, die sich auf Patienten mit Belastungsinkontinenz nach operativer Therapie einer BPH fokussieren, bilden die Ausnahme. Anhand der aktuellen Evidenz ist davon auszugehen, dass Beckenbodentraining, adjustierbare Schlingensysteme und artifizielle Sphinkter wirksame Therapieoptionen darstellen, während nach Implantation einer retrourethralen transobturatorischen Suspensionsschlinge mit niedrigeren Erfolgsraten gegenüber der PPI auszugehen ist.
Optimization of Olive Oil-Based Nanoemulsion Preparation for Intravenous Drug Delivery
Authors: Karami Zahra , Khoshkam Maryam , Hamidi Mehrdad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA seven-factor Box-Behnken design was used for the optimized development of an olive oil-based nanoemulsion (NE) intended for intravenous drug delivery. The independent variables of olive oil concentration, tween 80 concentration, span 80 concentration, rate of adding of oil in aqueous phase, homogenization speed, homogenization time, and preparation temperature, were used as inputs of the factorial design. The response variables were mean droplet diameter, zeta potential (ZP), and polydispersity index (PDI). A quadratic, linear and 2FI model was established to predict the responses based on the multivariate model developed. The obtained experimental responses were in good agreement with predicted values from expert design, showing residual standard error (RSE) less than 10 %. TEM revealed that the optimized nanoemulsions were almost spherical with mean diameter about 40 nm. The developed formulation showed only about 4.6% of hemolysis and was safe for intravenous delivery. As well, the other in vitro characterization of the optimal nanoemulsion such as viscosity, percent transmittance, physical stability, and solubility study revealed it to be promising as an intravenous drug delivery system.