bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination therapy with F5/35 fiber chimeric conditionally replicative adenoviruses expressing IL‐24 enhances the antitumor effect of temozolomide against melanoma
Authors: Yang Ming , Yang Chunsheng , Tao Yingkai , Tang Jianqin , Huang Qian , Guo Wenwen , Feng Shouxin , Jiang Aijun , Xu Xifeng , Jiang Guan , Liu Yanqun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundTemozolomide (TMZ) is widely used to treat melanoma; however, response rates to TMZ are low because of rapid and frequent resistance. Conditionally, replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) are an effective and promising approach. The receptor for adenovirus is coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is poorly expressed in most cells. However, CD46, which is the receptor of species B adenoviruses (Ads), is highly expressed in many cells.MethodsWe constructed CRAd F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24, which uses the viral receptors CAR and CD46 for entry into cells. We investigated the antitumor effect of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in combination with TMZ to treat melanoma in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe \results indicated that F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in combination with TMZ produced additive or synergistic antitumor and pro‐apoptotic effects in melanoma cells. The combination of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 and TMZ significantly inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. In addition, the antitumor effect of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 was superior to that of ZD55‐IL‐24 and ZD55‐IL‐24 combined with TMZ.ConclusionsThe use of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in conjunction with TMZ is a promising approach for anti‐melanoma therapy.Our results indicated that F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in combination with TMZ produced additive or synergistic antitumor effect and pro‐apoptotic effect in melanoma cells highly expressed CD46. The combination of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 and TMZ significantly inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. We also found the antitumor effect of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 was superior to ZD55‐IL‐24, the combination of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 and TMZ had a more significant antitumor effect than ZD55‐IL‐24 combining with TMZ.
How racism discourse can mobilize right‐wing populism: The construction of identity and alliance in reactions to UKIP's Brexit “Breaking Point” campaign
Authors: Durrheim Kevin , Okuyan Mukadder , Twali Michelle Sinayobye , García‐Sánchez Efraín , Pereira Adrienne , Portice Jennie Sofia , Gur Tamar , Wiener‐Blotner Ori , Keil Tina F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article studies the interactional functions of racism discourse in mobilizing support for right‐wing populism. The analysis focuses on the controversy surrounding UKIP's “Breaking Point” poster campaign, which launched days before the historic British EU referendum. We focus on the development of “tripolar relations” between the UKIP party leadership, mainstream political elites, and ordinary citizens. Using thematic discourse analysis, we show how the poster was depicted as racist and the UKIP leader Nigel Farage was accused of scaremongering and stoking racism by means of propaganda. This criticism becomes the grounds for mobilization as Farage defended the campaign against the charge of racism and his supporters rose to his side. We conclude by showing how arguments about the nature of racism are identity performances that can reproduce or challenge existing social relations. This article thus identifies the rhetorical “collaboration” that exists between critics and defenders of racism and the inadvertent political outcome of this interaction.
The impact of exposure to media coverage of the 2012 Paralympic Games on mixed physical ability interactions
Authors: Carew Mark T. , Noor Masi , Burns Jan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current work assessed the impact of the 2012 Paralympic Games on psychological factors operating during interactions between physically disabled and nondisabled group members. In a two‐wave longitudinal design, the pre‐ to post‐Paralympic increase in exposure to Paralympic media coverage led to more positive in‐group norms about disabled people's competence and improved intergroup contact quality among both physically disabled and nondisabled participants. Moreover, more positive norms about disabled people's competence partially mediated the relationship between media exposure and contact quality. However, exposure to Paralympic media coverage did not appear to impact embarrassment about intergroup contact within either group. Findings are discussed in terms of the efficacy and limitations of Paralympic media coverage to improve intergroup relations in the mixed physical ability context.
Clarifying the Difference between Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis as a Rational Guide in Directed Evolution and OmniChange as a Gene Mutagenesis Technique
Authors: Acevedo‐Rocha Carlos G. , Sun Zhoutong , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA recent directed‐evolution study by Schwaneberg and co‐workers comparing the widely used iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) with the OmniChange version of saturation mutagenesis (SM) prompts us to point out some flaws in the conclusions presented therein. Most importantly, ISM is a semirational strategy in directed evolution that is independent of the particular type of SM that the experimenter may choose; this means that OmniChange should not be compared with ISM. When aiming to improve enzyme selectivity or activity by the ISM strategy, the state‐of‐the‐art calls for SM at randomization sites lining the enzyme binding pocket as part of the combinatorial active‐site saturation test (CAST). Our recent studies focusing on the refinement of CAST/ISM have shown that this approach works best when using multiresidue randomization sites as opposed to single‐residue sites owing to the possibility of cooperative mutational effects. This advance was not considered by Schwaneberg and co‐workers, thus leading to questionable conclusions when pitching CAST/ISM against OmniChange.
Psychiatric disorders, substance use, and executive functioning in older probationers
Authors: Fitton Lucy , Bates Andrew , Hayes Adrian , Fazel Seena 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the number of older people serving community sentences (probation) after conviction for a criminal offence in England and Wales has increased rapidly since about 2006, this population has received little research attention.AimTo examine the mental health, substance use, and executive functioning of older probationers.MethodsThirty‐two male probationers aged 50 years and older were recruited from probation services in the Thames Valley, England, and administered validated semistructured interviews for psychiatric disorders, symptom checklists for depression and substance use, cognitive impairment screens, and neuropsychological tests of executive functioning (examining verbal fluency and response inhibition).ResultsWe found that older probationers presented with a high prevalence of mental health difficulties (overall caseness n = 22; 69%, 95% CI [53–85]) that exceed estimates in the older general population. Prevalences of depression (25%) or alcohol abuse or dependence (19%) were found to be high. In comparison with normative data, however, older probationers did not present with deficits in tested executive functioning.Conclusions and implications for practiceMental health and substance use problems were more prominent than cognitive deficits in this sample of older probationers. Further work should include older community controls to inform service planning and to determine how these mental health factors interact with offending.
Urgent transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe acute aortic regurgitation following open mitral valve surgery
Authors: Spina Roberto , Khalique Omar , Kodali Susheel , Bapat Vinayak N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is not currently approved for pure native valve aortic incompetence, and is typically performed on a compassionate basis in selected patients who are at high risk for conventional surgery. We describe the first use of TAVR to treat iatrogenic severe acute pure aortic incompetence following mitral valve surgery. A 71‐year‐old gentleman developed life‐threatening acute aortic regurgitation (AR) within hours of a very challenging fifth open heart mitral valve replacement. Careful inspection of echocardiographic and computed tomographic imaging identified the cause as a disrupted left coronary cusp at the commissure caused by the surgical mitral annular reconstruction. Medical management with afterload reduction failed with recurrent pulmonary edema, and a sixth open heart surgery was deemed prohibitively high risk. The lack of aortic annular calcium onto which anchors a transcatheter valve was a concern for TAVR. However, we postulated that the struts of the mitral valve bioprosthesis would offer some support to the TAVR valve. We opted for a self‐expanding system because of concerns about potential unfavorable interaction between the balloon onto which balloon‐expandable bioprosthesis is mounted and the struts of the mitral bioprosthesis, and because the Evolut R system has additional anchoring points at the crown which might enhance transcatheter valve stability in the non‐calcified annulus, compared with the Edwards Sapien system. Transfemoral TAVR, performed with a Medtronic Evolut R 34 mm system under general anesthesia and using moderately rapid ventricular pacing, was successful with minimal residual AR. On follow‐up 1 month later the patient was asymptomatic, and the aortic and mitral bioprostheses were functioning normally on echocardiogram.
Xylitol toxicosis and serotonin‐like syndrome occurring simultaneously in a dog secondary to ingestion of Natrol 5‐HTP Fast Dissolve Tablets
Authors: Ortolani Jennifer M. , Bellis Tara J. , Griego Michelle D. 
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical MessageXylitol and serotonergic compounds are included in the manufacture of numerous over‐the‐counter products. Both compounds have been documented to cause toxicosis in dogs. This report details the first case of simultaneous xylitol toxicosis and serotonin‐like syndrome in a dog, secondary to ingestion of a single over‐the‐counter product.
Herpes hepatitis as a complication of total abdominal hysterectomy; an unusual complication of abdominal instrumentation
Authors: Yunce Muharrem , Bhat Pavan , Jaganathan Daisy , Bahrain Michelle 
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical MessageHerpes simplex virus hepatitis is a rare but potentially fatal disease without early intervention. Impaired immunity is a major predisposing risk factor but infection in immunocompetent individuals is not unheard of. Diagnosis is complicated by its rarity and nonspecific signs and symptoms on presentation. Identification by liver biopsy is often limited due to concurrent coagulopathy. Early and aggressive treatment is centered on antiviral therapy with acyclovir. We present a case of herpes hepatitis in an immunocompetent woman following abdominal instrumentation.
Highly Active and Stable Pd−GaOx/Al2O3 Catalysts Derived from Intermetallic Pd5Ga3 Nanocrystals for Methane Combustion
Authors: Hou Zhiquan , Liu Yuxi , Deng Jiguang , Lu Yue , Xie Shaohua , Fang Xiuzhong , Dai Hongxing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCatalytic combustion of methane is widely used in industrial and transportation activities. The commonly used Pd‐based catalysts, however, are easily deactivated under hydrothermal conditions. In this work, we adopted a novel strategy to prepare a GaOx‐doped Pd/Al2O3 catalyst via the oxidative transformation of intermetallic Pd5Ga3 nanocrystals supported on γ‐Al2O3. We observed a synergistic effect between palladium and gallium oxide via formation of a bi‐functional active Pd−O−Ga phase, resulting in a highly active and exceptionally stable catalyst that could markedly suppress the sintering of noble metals under harsh conditions (hydrothermal treatment at 750 °C). Moreover, the presence of a large amount of surface oxygen vacancies and the surface Pd−O−Ga phase could promote methane combustion over the catalysts. It is believed that such a novel dual‐metal catalyst is promising in practical applications for methane combustion.
Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Sensing of the Neurotransmitter Dopamine
Authors: Bala Kanchan , Sharma Deepika , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of new tools with outstanding performance for monitoring neurotransmitters is a challenging task in neuroscience. Electrochemical probes have attracted tremendous attention for the identification and quantification of neurotransmitters, owing to their demonstrated potential for quick response, real‐time measurements, elevated selectivity and sensitivity. In this Review, we have focused on the recent developments of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based electrochemical sensors for dopamine detection. The use of CNTs is beneficial for this task, because of their high tensile strength, flexibility, good electrical conductivity, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Therefore, electrochemical sensing approaches with CNTs have opened the door for researchers working towards neurobiomedical applications.
ACHEMA 2018: High‐Pressure Technology
Authors: Herdegen Volker , Haseneder Roland 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAuf der ACHEMA 2018 waren mehr als 200 Firmen vertreten, die sich mit ihren Produkten im Bereich der Hochdrucktechnik – speziell in der Ventil‐, Dichtungs‐, Pumpen‐, Mess‐ und Analysetechnik sowie dem Behälterbau – bewegen. Der Artikel gibt anhand von exemplarischen Beispielen einen Ausschnitt an aktuellen, technischen Entwicklungen und Trends aus diesem Themenfeld wieder.
Quality assurance guidance for scoring and reporting for pathologists and laboratories undertaking clinical trial work
Authors: Robinson Max , James Jacqueline , Thomas Gareth , West Nicholas , Jones Louise , Lee Jessica , Oien Karin , Freeman Alex , Craig Clare , Sloan Philip , Elliot Philip , Cheang Maggie , Rodriguez‐Justo Manuel , Verrill Clare ,   on behalf of the UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Cellular‐Molecular Pathology (CM‐Path) clinical trials working group
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile pathologists have always played a pivotal role in clinical trials ensuring accurate diagnosis and staging, pathology data from prognostic and predictive tests are increasingly being used to enrol, stratify and randomise patients to experimental treatments. The use of pathological parameters as primary and secondary outcome measures, either as standalone classifiers or in combination with clinical data, is also becoming more common. Moreover, reporting of estimates of residual disease, termed ‘pathological complete response’, have been incorporated into neoadjuvant clinical trials. Pathologists have the expertise to deliver this essential information and they also understand the requirements and limitations of laboratory testing. Quality assurance of pathology‐derived data builds confidence around trial‐specific findings and is necessarily focused on the reproducibility of pathological data, including ‘estimates of uncertainty of measurement’, emphasising the importance of pathologist education, training, calibration and demonstration of satisfactory inter‐observer agreement. There are also opportunities to validate objective image analysis tools alongside conventional histological assessments. The ever‐expanding portfolio of clinical trials will demand more pathologist engagement to deliver the reliable evidence‐base required for new treatments. We provide guidance for quality assurance of pathology scoring and reporting in clinical trials.
Distribution of endogenous normal tau in the mouse brain
Authors: Kubo Atsuko , Misonou Hiroaki , Matsuyama Makoto , Nomori Akane , Wada‐Kakuda Satoko , Takashima Akihiko , Kawata Mitsuhiro , Murayama Shigeo , Ihara Yasuo , Miyasaka Tomohiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTau is a microtubule‐associated protein (MAP) that is localized to the axon. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the distribution of tau undergoes a remarkable alteration, leading to the formation of tau inclusions in the somatodendritic compartment. While the abnormal aggregated tau has been extensively studied in human patient tissues and animal models of AD, how normal tau localizes to the axon, which would be the foundation to understand how the mis‐localization occurs, has not been well studied due to the poor detectability of normal unaggregated tau in vivo. Therefore, we developed immunohistochemical techniques that can detect normal mouse and human tau in brain tissues with high sensitivity. Using these techniques, we demonstrate the global distribution of tau in the mouse brain and confirmed that normal tau is exclusively localized to the axonal compartment in vivo. Interestingly, tau antibodies strongly labeled nonmyelinated axons such as hippocampal mossy fibers, while white matters generally exhibited low levels of immunoreactivity. Furthermore, mouse tau is highly expressed not only in neurons but also in oligodendrocytes. With super resolution imaging using the stimulated‐depletion microscopy, axonal tau appeared punctate rather than fibrous, indicating that tau decorates microtubules sparsely. Co‐labeling with presynaptic and postsynaptic markers revealed that normal tau is not localized to synapses but sparsely distributes in the axon. Taken together, this study reports novel antibodies to investigate the localization and mis‐localization of tau in vivo and novel findings of normal tau localization in the mouse brain.
A High‐Throughput Absolute‐Level Quantification of Protein‐Bound Amino Acids in Seeds
Authors: Yobi Abou , Angelovici Ruthie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this unit, we describe a high‐throughput absolute quantification protocol for 16 protein‐bound amino acids (PBAAs) that combines a microscale protein hydrolysis step and an absolute quantification step using multiple reaction monitoring—based liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry detection. The approach facilitates analysis of a few hundred samples per week by using a 96‐well‐plate extraction setup and avoiding use of additives. Importantly, the method uses only ∼3 mg of tissue per sample and includes 12 heavy‐amino‐acid internal standards to enable quantification of the absolute levels of PBAAs with high precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. The protocol described herein has been optimized for seed samples but is applicable to other plant tissues. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A signal power adaptive regularized sphere decoding algorithm based multiuser detection technique for underdetermined OFDM/SDMA uplink system
Authors: K. V. Shahnaz , C. K. Ali 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis work considers a regularized Fincke‐Pohst Sphere Decoder (R‐FSD) to detect the multiuser data of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing/space division multiple access (OFDM/SDMA) uplink system with underdetermined and rank‐deficient channel. Rank‐deficiency of the detected channel coefficients makes error‐free multiuser detection (MUD) a difficult task. In literature, most of the papers deal with either a determined or over‐determined full‐rank system. The method proposed in this work transforms an original ill‐posed least squares (LS) problem to a well‐posed one at the receiver, by using the standard Tikhonov regularization method. This is an efficient, direct, and less complex approach where the channel is modified using a regularization parameter that adapts to the signal power at the receiver. The result obtained is compared with maximum likelihood (ML), zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean squared error (MMSE) and ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) based detection techniques.
Performance evaluation of low‐power wireless sensor node with hybrid energy storage
Authors: Haldar Ritwik , Hossain Ashraf , Panda Kirtan Gopal 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we evaluate the performance of low‐power energy‐harvesting wireless sensor node (SN) which has hybrid energy storage unit (ESU) for monitoring applications. This hybrid ESU has super capacitor (SC) as well as thin film battery (TFB) for energy storage. After the deployment of SN, temporal energy outage (TEO) occurs when the stored energy in ESU falls to a minimum level due to uncertain energy‐harvesting process and leakage of energy, rendering it unable to transmit information to base station. In this paper, we estimate the duration to reach TEO state which is an important parameter for evaluating the performance of the hybrid ESU. The proposed model considers variation of leakage energy in SC. We also determine design perspectives of hybrid ESU for different range of performance parameters to maximize the performance criteria. Further, given total cost constraints, we determine the SC and TFB capacity that optimizes the performance criteria. The analytical results are validated by Monte Carlo simulation using MATLAB. The estimated TEO duration can ensure precautions in monitoring applications.
Mitigating spectrum sensing data falsification attack in ad hoc cognitive radio networks
Authors: Rajkumari Roshni , Marchang Ningrinla 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn a cognitive radio ad hoc network, there is no central authority. Hence, distributed collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS) plays a major role in achieving an accurate spectrum sensing result. However, CSS is sensitive to spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack, in which a malicious user falsifies its local sensing report before disseminating it into the network. To capture such abnormal behavior of a node, we present an approach for detecting SSDF attack based on dissimilarity score. A secondary user (SU) computes the dissimilarity score of its neighbors from the messages received from its h‐hop neighbors. Further, we also present how the proposed scheme can be used on the sequence of sensing reports to detect and isolate the malicious SUs on the fly.
Evaluation of endogenous urinary biomarkers for indirect detection of urine adulteration attempts by five different chemical adulterants in mass spectrometry methods
Authors: Steuer Andrea E. , Kamber Dominique , Kraemer Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReliable detection of urine adulteration attempts to circumvent positive drug testing represents a critical step for laboratories in abstinence control settings. An ideal workflow for high‐throughput testing would involve simultaneous detection of adulteration attempts in the same run with drug detection. Monitoring of degraded or oxidized endogenous urinary compounds as indirect markers has been previously evaluated for that purpose exemplified for the adulterant potassium nitrite (KNO2). Fifteen, previously identified endogenous markers should now be evaluated for their general applicability to detect adulteration attempts for the adulterants hypochlorite‐based bleach (NaOCl), peroxidase and peroxide (H2O2), pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), and iodine (I2). Initial experiments revealed similar results for the tested adulterants regarding degradation of indolylacryloylglycine (IAG), uric acid (UA), or UA derivatives. 5‐Hydroxyisourate (HIU), the oxidation product of UA, was however only formed by KNO2, PCC, and H2O2. Amino acids showed larger adulterant‐dependent differences. All reactions were shown to be influenced by the adulterant concentration and the urinary pH with large variances depending on compound and adulterant. Except for HIU/PCC, all markers were stable within +/− 30% variation for all adulterants at −20°C. Receiver operating characteristics indicated best sensitivity and specificity over all adulterants for IAG (specificity 0.9, sensitivity 1.0) and UA (specificity 1.0, sensitivity 0.9). HIU gave best results for KNO2, PCC, and H2O2 and N‐acetylneuraminic acid for PCC and H2O2, respectively. When integrating a limited number of targets into existing screening methods, monitoring of UA, IAG, N‐acetylneuraminic acid, and HIU is recommended.