bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated retroperitoneal Castleman's disease: A case report and literature review
Authors: Jhan Jhen‐Hao , Li Ching‐Chia , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Lee Hsiang‐Ying 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageUnicentric Castleman's disease (CD) may rarely present as an isolated retroperitoneal tumor. Even experienced surgeons may misdiagnose CD because of its rarity. Surgeons should consider this disease when faced with an isolated retroperitoneal tumor. Unicentric CD is usually cured with surgical resection. In contrast, multicentric CD need numerous systemic therapies.
Short‐term use of oral amiodarone causing torsades de pointes
Authors: Yau Stephen , Chan Patrick , Sapkin Joshua , Hsieh Eric 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageAmiodarone is one of the most commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs. Despite its well‐known side effects, amiodarone is considered to be a relatively safe drug, especially in short‐term usage to prevent life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Our case demonstrates an instance where short‐term usage can yield drug side effect.
Thermochemical Processing of Miscanthus through Fluidized‐Bed Fast Pyrolysis: A Parametric Study
Authors: Wang Wei-Cheng , Lee An-Cheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThermochemical processing of agriculture waste not only provides surrogates for combustion fuel but also reduces the environmental issues of waste. Miscanthus has been viewed as one of the largest agriculture wastes in Taiwan and a proper process for turning Miscanthus into a valuable product has become a significant subject. Here, fluidized‐bed fast pyrolysis was applied to convert Miscanthus into bio‐oil, bio‐char, and pyrolytic gases as the products. The product distributions were examined depending on various reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, carrier gas flow rate, feedstock feeding rate, and feedstock size. The chemical compositions of the bio‐oil, bio‐char, and product gases were analyzed and the properties of the bio‐oil were also tested via standard methods. So far, bio‐oil derived from Miscanthus is unfavorable for application in combustion engines without further upgrading processes.
Sulfide Surface Dynamics on Cu(100) and Ag(100) Electrodes in the Presence of c(2×2) Halide Adlayers
Authors: Rahn Björn , Magnussen Olaf M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe influence of coadsorbed anions on electrode surface dynamics is studied in situ by direct observation of single adsorbed species via high‐speed scanning tunneling microscopy. Using well‐defined model systems, sulfide adsorbates on Cu(100) and Ag(100) covered by c(2×2) ordered adlayers of chloride or bromide, the influence of halide coadsorbate and the metal substrate on the dynamic behavior is systematically evaluated and quantitatively analyzed. The sulfide tracer diffusion coefficients exhibit a pronounced exponential potential dependence in all systems, caused by the effect of the double layer's electric field on the diffusion barrier. The sulfide mobility in general decreases with potential, with the surprising exemption of the Br‐covered Cu(100) surface where it increases, indicating a different transport mechanism. In contrast to this strong influence of the halide species on the surface diffusion, the sulfide‐sulfide interactions seem to be less affected by the nature of the coadsorbate, but depend more strongly on the type of metal substrate. In addition, the dynamic behavior of clusters on the surface, the formation of grooves, caused by adsorbate‐induced vacancy generation, and the adlayer structure and dynamics at high sulfide coverage is discussed for bromide‐covered surfaces. The data indicate a tendency of bromide to enhance the transfer of sulfide adsorbates to sites within the metal surface layer.
Sequential Alkene Isomerization and Ring‐Closing Metathesis in Production of Macrocyclic Musks from Biomass
Authors: Sytniczuk Adrian , Forcher Gwénaël , Grotjahn Douglas B. , Grela Karol 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report successful utilization of sequential alkene isomerization and ring‐closing metathesis of dec‐9‐enoic acid based dienes in synthesis of macrocyclic lactones that possess a strong scent of musk. This catalytic sequence was essential to trim the chain length of starting dienes to yield macrocycles of the right size. Dec‐9‐enoic acid is conveniently obtainable from oleic esters by Ru‐catalysed ethenolysis.
Self‐Priming Enzymatic Fabrication of Multiply Modified DNA
Authors: Whitfield Colette J. , Little Rachel C. , Khan Kasid , Ijiro Kuniharu , Connolly Bernard A. , Tuite Eimer M. , Pike Andrew R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe self‐priming synthesis of multiply modified DNA by the extension of repeating unit duplex “oligoseeds” provides a source of versatile DNA. Sterically‐demanding nucleotides 5‐Br‐dUTP, 7‐deaza‐7‐I‐dATP, 6‐S‐dGTP, 5‐I‐dCTP as well as 5‐(octadiynyl)‐dCTP were incorporated into two extending oligoseeds; [GATC]5/[GATC]5 and [A4G]4/[CT4]4. The products contained modifications on one or both strands of DNA, demonstrating their recognition by the polymerase as both template (reading) and substrate (writing). Nucleobase modifications that lie in the major groove were reliably read and written by the polymerase during the extension reaction, even when bulky or in contiguous sequences. Repeat sequence DNA over 500 bp long, bearing four different modified units was produced by this method. The number, position and type of modification, as well as the overall length of the DNA can be controlled to yield designer DNA that offers sequence‐determined sites for further chemical adaptations, targeted small molecule binding studies, or sensing and sequencing applications.
Mixed‐Phase 2D‐MoS2 as an Effective Photocatalyst for Selective Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Amines under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Girish Yarabhally R. , Biswas Rohin , De Mrinmoy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetal‐semiconductor heterojunctions play a vital role in photocatalysis, yet their preparation can be exceedingly difficult. The heterojunction helps not only to separate the charges and inhibit recombination processes but also to transfer the photogenerated electron/hole to the reacting molecule. Here, we demonstrate 1T (metallic)‐2H (semiconducting) phase boundaries intrinsic to individual sheets of chemically exfoliated 2D‐MoS2 can serve as heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalysis in comparison to only semiconducting phase. Due to the abundance of heterojunctions in these multiphasic materials, chemically exfoliated 2D‐MoS2 provides improved stability and transfer of photogenerated charges to the reactants, giving better yield. We demonstrate that this easy to synthesize material is an effective photocatalyst for the aerobic oxidative coupling of amines to imines under visible light irradiation. Given its broad applications, we believe mixed phase 2D‐MoS2 can be of interest to several industrial synthetic applications related to semiconductor‐based photocatalysis. As an added advantage, this heterogeneous photocatalyst can be recycled for several times up to five cycles without any significant loss in the activity.
Enantioselective Enzymatic Naphthoyl Ring Reduction
Authors: Willistein Max , Haas Julian , Fuchs Jonathan , Estelmann Sebastian , Ferlaino Sascha , Müller Michael , Lüdeke Steffen , Boll Matthias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBirch reductions of aromatic hydrocarbons by means of single‐electron‐transfer steps depend on alkali metals, ammonia, and cryogenic reaction conditions. In contrast, 2‐naphthoyl‐coenzyme A (2‐NCoA) and 5,6‐dihydro‐2‐NCoA (5,6‐DHNCoA) reductases catalyze two two‐electron reductions of the naphthoyl‐ring system to tetrahydronaphthoyl‐CoA at ambient temperature. Using a number of substrate analogues, we provide evidence for a Meisenheimer complex‐analogous intermediate during 2‐NCoA reduction, whereas the subsequent reduction of 5,6‐dihydro‐2‐NCoA is suggested to proceed via an unprecedented cationic transition state. Using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, we demonstrate that both enzymatic reductions are highly stereoselective in D2O, providing an enantioselective pathway to products inaccessible by Birch reduction. Moreover, we demonstrate the power of VCD spectroscopy to determine the absolute configuration of isotopically engendered alicyclic stereocenters.
Influence of Temperature and Electrolyte Concentration on the Structure and Catalytic Oxygen Evolution Activity of Nickel–Iron Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Andronescu Corina , Seisel Sabine , Wilde Patrick , Barwe Stefan , Masa Justus , Chen Yen‐Ting , Ventosa Edgar , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) is inarguably the most active contemporary catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction under alkaline conditions. However, the ability to sustain unattenuated performance under challenging industrial conditions entailing high corrosivity of the electrolyte (≈30 wt. % KOH), high temperature (>80 °C) and high current densities (>500 mA cm−2) is the ultimate criterion for practical viability. This work evaluates the chemical and structural stability of NiFe LDH at conditions akin to practical electrolysis, in 30 % KOH at 80 °C, however, without electrochemical polarization, and the resulting impact on the OER performance of the catalyst. Post‐analysis of the catalyst by means of XRD, TEM, FT‐IR, and Raman spectroscopy after its immersion into 7.5 m KOH at 80 °C for 60 h revealed a transformation of the structure from NiFe LDH to a mixture of crystalline β‐Ni(OH)2 and discrete predominantly amorphous FeOOH containing minor non‐homogeneously distributed crystalline domains. These structural and compositional changes led to a drastic loss of the OER activity. It is therefore recommended to study catalyst stability at industrially relevant conditions.
„Let's get ready to rumble“ – Elektrochemisch aktive Polymere lassen die (künstlichen) Muskeln spielen!
Authors: Novotny Jana , Wagner Corina , Oetken Marco 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden neuartige Experimente zum Themenfeld ‚Intrinsisch leitfähige Polymere – Künstliche Muskeln‘ in Theorie und Praxis vorgestellt. Von der einfachen Abscheidung von Polypyrrol auf einem leitfähigen Rückgrat bis hin zur außerordentlichen Leistungsfähigkeit der Muskeln werden verschiedene Versuche präsentiert. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet zunächst einige theoretische Hintergründe bezüglich der elektrochemisch aktiven Polymere sowie die Leistungsfähigkeit und das Herstellungsverfahren der künstlichen Muskeln, das die Basis aller Versuche darstellt.
A 3D MRI‐based atlas of a lizard brain
Authors: Hoops Daniel , Desfilis Ester , Ullmann Jeremy F. P. , Janke Andrew L. , Stait‐Gardner Timothy , Devenyi Gabriel A. , Price William S. , Medina Loreta , Whiting Martin J. , Keogh J. Scott 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established technique for neuroanatomical analysis, being particularly useful in the medical sciences. However, the application of MRI to evolutionary neuroscience is still in its infancy. Few magnetic resonance brain atlases exist outside the standard model organisms in neuroscience and no magnetic resonance atlas has been produced for any reptile brain. A detailed understanding of reptilian brain anatomy is necessary to elucidate the evolutionary origin of enigmatic brain structures such as the cerebral cortex. Here, we present a magnetic resonance atlas for the brain of a representative squamate reptile, the Australian tawny dragon (Agamidae: Ctenophorus decresii), which has been the subject of numerous ecological and behavioral studies. We used a high‐field 11.74T magnet, a paramagnetic contrasting‐enhancing agent and minimum‐deformation modeling of the brains of thirteen adult male individuals. From this, we created a high‐resolution three‐dimensional model of a lizard brain. The 3D‐MRI model can be freely downloaded and allows a better comprehension of brain areas, nuclei, and fiber tracts, facilitating comparison with other species and setting the basis for future comparative evolution imaging studies. The MRI model and atlas of a tawny dragon brain (Ctenophorus decresii) can be viewed online and downloaded using the Wiley Biolucida Server at wiley.biolucida.net.
Obesity and diabetes—Not only a simple link between two epidemics
Authors: Chobot Agata , Górowska‐Kowolik Katarzyna , Sokołowska Magdalena , Jarosz‐Chobot Przemysława 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDiabetes (DM) as well as obesity, due to their increasing incidence, were recognized as epidemic by the World Health Organization. Obesity is involved not only in the aetiopathogenesis of the most common worldwide type of DM—type 2 diabetes—but also in the development of its complications. There is also increasing scientific evidence regarding the role of obesity and overweight in type 1 diabetes. Weight gain may be considered as a complication of insulin treatment but also reveals significant pathophysiological impact on various stages of the disease. Another very important aspect related to DM as well as obesity is the microbiome, which is highly variable. The function of the gut microflora, its interaction with the whole organism, and its role in the development of obesity and type 1 diabetes as well as type 2 diabetes are still not fully understood and subject of ongoing investigations. This review presents a summary of recently published results concerning the relation of obesity/overweight and DM as well as their associations with the microbiome.
Sex‐biased breeding dispersal is predicted by social environment in birds
Authors: Végvári Zsolt , Katona Gergely , Vági Balázs , Freckleton Robert P. , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Székely Tamás , Liker András 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSex‐biased dispersal is common in vertebrates, although the ecological and evolutionary causes of sex differences in dispersal are debated. Here, we investigate sex differences in both natal and breeding dispersal distances using a large dataset on birds including 86 species from 41 families. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses, we investigate whether sex‐biased natal and breeding dispersal are associated with sexual selection, parental sex roles, adult sex ratio (ASR), or adult mortality. We show that neither the intensity of sexual selection, nor the extent of sex bias in parental care was associated with sex‐biased natal or breeding dispersal. However, breeding dispersal was related to the social environment since male‐biased ASRs were associated with female‐biased breeding dispersal. Male‐biased ASRs were associated with female‐biased breeding dispersal. Sex bias in adult mortality was not consistently related to sex‐biased breeding dispersal. These results may indicate that the rare sex has a stronger tendency to disperse in order to find new mating opportunities. Alternatively, higher mortality of the more dispersive sex could account for biased ASRs, although our results do not give a strong support to this explanation. Whichever is the case, our findings improve our understanding of the causes and consequences of sex‐biased dispersal. Since the direction of causality is not yet known, we call for future studies to identify the causal relationships linking mortality, dispersal, and ASR.
Lifetime inbreeding depression in a leaf beetle
Authors: Müller Thorben , Lamprecht Tabea Dagmar , Schrieber Karin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOngoing habitat loss and fragmentation result in rapid population size reductions, which can increase the levels of inbreeding. Consequently, many species are threatened by inbreeding depression, a loss of individual fitness following the mating of close relatives. Here, we investigated inbreeding effects on fitness‐related traits throughout the lifetime of the mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae) and mechanisms for the avoidance of inbreeding. Previously, we found that these beetles have family‐specific cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, which are likely not used as recognition cue for precopulatory inbreeding avoidance. Thus, we examined whether adult beetles show postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance instead. For this purpose, we determined the larval hatching rate of eggs laid by females mated sequentially with two nonsiblings, two siblings, a nonsibling, and a sibling or vice versa. The beetles suffered from inbreeding depression throughout their entire ontogeny, as evinced by a prolonged larval development, a decreased larval and adult survival and a decreased reproductive output of inbred compared to outbred individuals. The highest larval hatching rates were detected when females were mated with two nonsiblings or first with a sibling and second with a nonsibling. Significantly lower hatching rates were measured in the treatments with a sibling as second male. Thus, the results do not support the existence of postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance in P. cochleariae, but revealed evidence for second male sperm precedence. Consequently, an alternative strategy to avoid inbreeding costs might exist in this beetle, such as a polyandrous mating system, potentially coupled with a specific dispersal behavior.
Surrounding species diversity improves subtropical seedlings’ carbon dynamics
Authors: Salmon Yann , Li Xuefei , Yang Bo , Ma Keping , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Schmid Bernhard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIncreasing biodiversity has been linked to higher primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the underlying ecophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of surrounding species richness (monoculture, two‐ and four‐species mixtures) on the ecophysiology of Lithocarpus glaber seedlings in experimental plots in subtropical China. A natural rain event isotopically labelled both the water uptaken by the L. glaber seedlings and the carbon in new photoassimilates through changes of photosynthetic discrimination. We followed the labelled carbon (C) and oxygen (O) in the plant–soil–atmosphere continuum. We measured gas‐exchange variables (C assimilation, transpiration and above‐ and belowground respiration) and δ13C in leaf biomass, phloem, soil microbial biomass, leaf‐ and soil‐respired CO2 as well as δ18O in leaf and xylem water. The 13C signal in phloem and respired CO2 in L. glaber in monoculture lagged behind those in species mixture, showing a slower transport of new photoassimilates to and through the phloem in monoculture. Furthermore, leaf‐water 18O enrichment above the xylem water in L. glaber increased after the rain in lower diversity plots suggesting a lower ability to compensate for increased transpiration. Lithocarpus glaber in monoculture showed higher C assimilation rate and water‐use efficiency. However, these increased C resources did not translate in higher growth of L. glaber in monoculture suggesting the existence of larger nongrowth‐related C sinks in monoculture. These ecophysiological responses of L. glaber, in agreement with current understanding of phloem transport are consistent with a stronger competition for water resources in monoculture than in species mixtures. Therefore, increasing species diversity in the close vicinity of the studied plants appears to alleviate physiological stress induced by water competition and to counterbalance the negative effects of interspecific competition on assimilation rates for L. glaber by allowing a higher fraction of the C assimilated to be allocated to growth in species mixture than in monoculture.
Personality interacts with habitat quality to govern individual mortality and dispersal patterns
Authors: Belgrad Benjamin A. , Griffen Blaine D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIndividual phenotypic differences are increasingly recognized as key drivers of ecological processes. However, studies examining the relative importance of these differences in comparison with environmental factors or how individual phenotype interacts across different environmental contexts remain lacking. We performed two field experiments to assess the concurrent roles of personality differences and habitat quality in mediating individual mortality and dispersal. We quantified the predator avoidance response of mud crabs, Panopeus herbstii, collected from low‐ and high‐quality oyster reefs and measured crab loss in a caging experiment. We simultaneously measured the distance crabs traveled as well as the stability of personalities across reef quality in a separate reciprocal transplant experiment. Habitat quality was the primary determinant of crab loss, although the distance crabs traveled was governed by personality which interacted with habitat quality to control the fate of crabs. Here, crabs on low‐quality reefs rapidly emigrated, starting with the boldest individuals, and experienced modest levels of predation regardless of personality. In contrast, both bold and shy crabs would remain on high‐quality reefs for months where bolder individuals experienced higher predation risk. These findings suggest that personalities could produce vastly different population dynamics across habitat quality and govern community responses to habitat degradation.
Influence of coal properties on the CO2 adsorption capacity of coal gasification residues
Authors: Sripada Pramod , Khan Md M. , Ramasamy Shanmuganathan , Trivedi Japan , Gupta Rajender 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPost‐underground coal gasification (UCG) sites hold attractive prospects for geological storage of carbon dioxide. For the successful commercial implementation of UCG with carbon capture and storage (CCS), site‐selection is crucial, and a careful techno‐economic feasibility analysis is essential to systematically assess the site related parameters aside from evaluating the environmental risk. This study is related to one of the important aspects of site selection‐ the coal type. Specifically, this work investigates the influence of coal properties and gasification conditions on the adsorption capacities of CO2 on gasified coal chars. For this purpose, four coals of diverse ranks varying from lignite to bituminous were selected and subjected to CO2 gasification at atmospheric pressure for 10 min at 800, 900, and 1000°C under a low heating rate of 5°C/min. Subsequently, the gasified chars, as well as the raw coals, were tested for their adsorption capacity in a purpose built volumetric adsorption apparatus at 45.5°C and pressures up to 90 bar. Also, complementary coal and char analysis were carried out for determining the surface area, pore size distribution, and surface morphology. The CO2 storage capacity was observed to be a strong function of the coal properties and gasification conditions. Among the samples examined, the highest adsorption capacity was observed for chars of the sub‐bituminous coals. The CO2 adsorption capacity at 80 bar and 45.5°C on the sub‐bituminous char samples was 2.08, 2.43, and 1.95 mmole/g that were prepared at 800, 900, and 1000°C, respectively. The experimental adsorption isotherms were fitted to the Dubinin‐Radushkevic (DR) and the Dubinin‐Astakhov (DA) models.