bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does mating disruption of Planococcus ficus and Lobesia botrana affect the diversity, abundance and composition of natural enemies in Israeli vineyards?
Authors: Shapira Idan , Keasar Tamar , Harari Ally R , Gavish‐Regev Efrat , Kishinevsky Miriam , Steinitz Hadass , Sofer‐Arad Carmit , Tomer Maor , Avraham Almog , Sharon Rakefet 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMating disruption (MD) employs high doses of a pest's synthetic sex pheromone in agricultural plots, to interfere with its reproduction. MD is assumed to have few behavioral effects on non‐target arthropods, because sex pheromones are highly species‐specific and non‐toxic. Nevertheless, some natural enemies use their host's sex pheromones as foraging cues, and thus may be attracted to MD plots. To investigate this hypothesis, we compared parasitoid and spider assemblages in paired plots in five Israeli vineyards during 2015. One plot was MD‐treated against two key pests, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) and Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Both plots were insecticide‐treated as needed. Natural enemies were suction‐sampled and collected from pheromone‐baited monitoring traps.RESULTSThe total abundance, species diversity and species composition of most natural enemies were unaffected by MD. An important exception involved P. ficus' main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci (Girault). Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci females were mainly captured in control plots, while male captures were low and not influenced by MD. Parasitized P. ficus occurred only in MD plots.CONCLUSIONNon‐target effects of MD involved mostly A. sp. nr. pseudococci females and hardly affected other natural enemies. These findings support the use of MD as an environmentally friendly pest management strategy. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The stable oxygen isotope ratio of resin extractable phosphate derived from fresh cattle faeces
Authors: Granger Steven J. , Yang Yuguo , Pfahler Verena , Hodgson Chris , Smith Andrew C. , Le Cocq Kate , Collins Adrian L. , Blackwell Martin S. A. , Howden Nicholas J. K. 
Published: February 2018

RationalePhosphorus losses from agriculture pose an environmental threat to watercourses. A new approach using the stable oxygen isotope ratio of oxygen in phosphate (δ18OPO4 value) may help elucidate some phosphorus sources and cycling. Accurately determined and isotopically distinct source values are essential for this process. The δ18OPO4 values of animal wastes have, up to now, received little attention.MethodsPhosphate (PO4) was extracted from cattle faeces using anion resins and the contribution of microbial PO4 was assessed. The δ18OPO4 value of the extracted PO4 was measured by precipitating silver phosphate and subsequent analysis on a thermal conversion elemental analyser at 1400°C, with the resultant carbon monoxide being mixed with a helium carrier gas passed through a gas chromatography (GC) column into a mass spectrometer. Faecal water oxygen isotope ratios (δ18OH2O values) were determined on a dual‐inlet mass spectrometer through a process of headspace carbon dioxide equilibration with water samples.ResultsMicrobiological results indicated that much of the extracted PO4 was not derived directly from the gut fauna lysed during the extraction of PO4 from the faeces. Assuming that the faecal δ18OH2O values represented cattle body water, the predicted pyrophosphatase equilibrium δ18OPO4 (Eδ18OPO4) values ranged between +17.9 and +19.9‰, while using groundwater δ18OH2O values gave a range of +13.1 to +14.0‰. The faecal δ18OPO4 values ranged between +13.2 and +15.3‰.ConclusionsThe fresh faecal δ18OPO4 values were equivalent to those reported elsewhere for agricultural animal slurry. However, they were different from the Eδ18OPO4 value calculated from the faecal δ18OH2O value. Our results indicate that slurry PO4 is, in the main, derived from animal faeces although an explanation for the observed value range could not be determined.
Effects of acidification on the isotopic ratios of Neotropical otter tooth dentin
Authors: Carrasco Thayara S. , Botta Silvina , Machado Rodrigo , Colares Elton P. , Secchi Eduardo R. 
Published: February 2018

RationaleStable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios are widely used in ecological studies providing important information on the trophic ecology and habitat use of consumers. However, some factors may lead to isotopic variability, which makes difficult the interpretation of data, such as the presence of inorganic carbon in mineralized tissues. In order to remove the inorganic carbon, acidification is a commonly used treatment.MethodsThe effects of two methods of acidification were tested: (i) dentin acidification with 10% HCl using the ‘drop‐by‐drop’ technique, and (ii) dentin acidification in an ‘HCl atmosphere’, by exposing the dentin to vaporous 30% hydrochloric acid. Results were compared with untreated subsamples. The stable carbon and nitrogen ratios of untreated and acidified subsamples were measured using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.ResultsThe nitrogen isotopic ratios were statistically different between the two acidification treatments, but no significant changes in carbon isotopic ratios were found in acidified and untreated samples.ConclusionsThe results indicated that acidification had no effect on carbon isotopic ratios of Neotropical otter tooth dentin, while introducing a source of error in nitrogen isotopic ratios. Therefore, we conclude that acidification is an unnecessary step for C and N stable isotope analysis.
On large‐girth regular graphs and random processes on trees
Authors: Backhausz Ágnes , Szegedy Balázs 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe study various classes of random processes defined on the regular tree Td that are invariant under the automorphism group of Td. The most important ones are factor of i.i.d. processes (randomized local algorithms), branching Markov chains and a new class that we call typical processes. Using Glauber dynamics on processes we give a sufficient condition for a branching Markov chain to be factor of i.i.d.
Modified Synthesis Strategies for the Stabilization of low n TinO2n–1 Magnéli Phases
Authors: Azor‐Lafarga A. , Ruiz‐González L. , Parras M. , Portehault D. , Sanchez C. , González‐Calbet J. M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTitanium reduced oxides TiO2–x occupy, since long time, a prominent place on the landscape of binary metal oxides because of their intriguing ability to form extended defects that affect both the formation of new superlattices and different electronic behaviours. Related to these features, a wide range of practical applications has been achieved. Moved by the conviction of the great potential of understanding the influence of the reactivity, compositional variations and size effects on their functional properties, the aim of this personal account is the optimization of a recently developed strategy for the stabilization of low n TinO2n–1 terms. In particular, we will focus on the Ti4O7 composition as well as the incorporation of transition metals, like Mn, in order to deal with new reduced Magnéli phases.
“Won't you give up your snack for the sake of science?” Emerging science identities in family everyday interaction
Authors: Vedder‐Weiss Dana 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study provides a rich account of everyday science engagement in a science family (a family rich in science habitus) and sheds light on how science–person and science–antagonist identities emerge through science engagement in such a family. Using audio recordings and field notes obtained over a year of self‐ethnography, I systematically analyze science engagement in one family, showing how science was infused in all aspects of family life. However, the children in this family diverged in patterns of science participation: one child exhibited a science person identity, expressing more positive disciplinary emotions, initiating more frequently, asking more questions, sustaining longer investigations, and generally holding the floor three times more than the other child, who exhibited a science antagonist identity. To further understand the reason why the two children thus diverged in their patterns of science participation, despite many shared conditions, I zoom in on the moment‐by‐moment interactions in the family. Using microanalysis, I explore how positioning and roles may elucidate such local variation. The analysis illustrates how repeating events of identification within everyday family interactions are a powerful mechanism that can help explain such divergences. The findings underscore the importance of parents' awareness of the myriad of ways that recognition and roles are intertwined in everyday science engagement and identity formation. They suggest considering the potential of informal science‐learning environments to lead to alienation from science. Furthermore, the study implies that although we must investigate how socio‐historical categories function to deny individuals' (and groups') access to science, we should also go beyond these categories to understand how equal access to science is denied in less apparent ways.
Pneumatosis of the intestines, colon and liver in a young cat
Authors: Hutchinson Kristen M. , Tart Kelly , Anderson Kari L. , Powell Lisa L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo describe a case of naturally occurring pneumatosis intestinalis, pneumatosis coli and emphysematous hepatitis in a cat. A 9‐month‐old, indoors‐only, female spayed, domestic medium hair cat presented for vomiting, open‐mouth breathing and acute collapse. The initial physical examination identified moderate to severe hypothermia [35°C (95°F)], obtunded mentation, weak femoral pulses, tachycardia (heart rate 240 beats per min), pale pink mucous membranes and significant splenomegaly on abdominal palpation. Immediate diagnostics performed [packed cell volume and total solids (PCV, TS), venous blood gas and electrolytes] revealed severe anaemia (PCV 12%), hypoproteinaemia (TS = 2.2 g/dl), and severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.956). Additional diagnostics performed included Feline Leukaemia Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus testing (FeLV/FIV), complete blood count (CBC) with pathology review, serum biochemistry profile, prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT), urinalysis, and abdominal radiographs. Abdominal radiographs were consistent with gas within hepatic and splenic veins and parenchyma, small intestinal walls and colonic wall. Due to the guarded prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Necropsy was performed and the most significant gross and histopathological findings included intra‐luminal and intra‐mural intestinal haemorrhage and vascular congestion with mild neutrophilic hepatitis, and marked hepatic periportal emphysema. Clostridium perfrigens and Escherichia coli were cultured from the bowel wall; no bacterial growth from the liver or spleen was identified. This case report describes idiopathic emphysematous hepatitis, with concurrent emphysema of the spleen and intestinal wall and intestinal haemorrhage. To the authors’ knowledge, this type of pathology in a feline patient has not been previously described.
Preoperative Watchful–Waiting Time and Surgical Outcome of Patients with Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer Found by Chest Low‐Dose CT Screening
Authors: Hanaoka Takaomi , Kurai Makoto , Okada Mitsuyo , Ishizone Satoshi , Karasawa Fumitoshi , Iizuka Akira 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundsChest low‐dose CT screening (LDCTS) has been finding unprecedented numbers of peripheral non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) at an early stage and increased the number of patients with surgical indication. It is important to explore the influence of preoperative watchful–waiting time (WWT) on surgical outcomes. Objective is to clarify relationship between WWT and surgical outcomes of LDCTS‐finding NSCLC from the view point of treatment delay.MethodsTotal 283 cases of NSCLC, found by LDCTS and consecutively resected, were surveyed for preoperative WWT and surgical outcomes. Validity of the present guideline for management of pulmonary nodules detected by LDCTS was verified whether WWT before surgery was suitable for eradication of NSCLC.ResultsThe median value of WWT was 4.0 months in total, and the distribution of WWT exhibited long‐tail‐type pattern. That was 5.0 months in the group of pure ground‐glass nodule (pGGN), 4.0 months in the group of part‐solid nodule (PSN), and 1.7 months in the group of solid nodule (SON). During long‐term postoperative observation time (median 79 months), 10‐year progression‐free survival rates were 100% in pGGN, 96% in PSN, and 72% in SON (P <. 0001). They decreased significantly depending on enlargement of size: 91% or higher in size of 2 cm or smaller, and 71% or lower in size of larger than 2 cm (P <. 0001).ConclusionsLimited to LDCTS‐finding nodules, surgical outcome will depend mainly on some malignant potential of NSCLC per se, rather than on duration of WWT or treatment delay.
Residential Mobility Across Early Childhood and Children’s Kindergarten Readiness
Authors: Mollborn Stefanie , Lawrence Elizabeth , Root Elisabeth Dowling 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding residential mobility in early childhood is important for contextualizing family, school, and neighborhood influences on child well-being. We examined the consequences of residential mobility for socioemotional and cognitive kindergarten readiness using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, a nationally representative longitudinal survey that followed U.S. children born in 2001 from infancy to kindergarten. We described individual, household, and neighborhood characteristics associated with residential mobility for children aged 0–5. Our residential mobility indicators examined frequency of moves, nonlinearities in move frequency, quality of moves, comparisons between moving houses and moving neighborhoods, and heterogeneity in the consequences of residential mobility. Nearly three-quarters of children moved by kindergarten start. Mobility did not predict cognitive scores. More moves, particularly at relatively high frequencies, predicted lower kindergarten behavior scores. Moves from socioeconomically advantaged to disadvantaged neighborhoods were especially problematic, whereas moves within a ZIP code were not. The implications of moves were similar across socioeconomic status. The behavior findings largely support an instability perspective that highlights potential disruptions from frequent or problematic moves. Our study contributes to literature emphasizing the importance of contextualizing residential mobility. The high prevalence and distinct implications of early childhood moves support the need for further research.
Fatores que influenciam o resultado da osteossíntese na fratura do colo do fêmur em pacientes adultos jovens
Authors: Ramallo Daniel Alves , Kropf Leandro Lemgruber , Zaluski Alexandre Dreifus , Cavalcanti Amanda dos Santos , Duarte Maria Eugenia Leite , Guimarães João Antonio Matheus 
Published: February 2018

Resumo
Objetivos Avaliar os fatores que influenciam o resultado da osteossíntese pela redução fechada da fratura do colo femoral nos pacientes jovens.
Métodos Foi feito um estudo retrospectivo com revisão dos dados dos pacientes operados em um hospital ortopédico de grande porte, de 2003 a 2011, com um total de 81 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. O intervalo de tempo entre a fratura e a cirurgia, o desvio inicial da fratura, a qualidade da redução e o posicionamento dos implantes foram os fatores avaliados.
Resultados O estudo encontrou forte relação entre a qualidade da redução e o sucesso terapêutico. O grau de desvio inicial e o tempo entre o trauma inicial e a osteossíntese não influenciaram o desfecho cirúrgico em relação à consolidação óssea. O correto posicionamento dos implantes mostrou relação com a evolução satisfatória no pós-operatório dos pacientes.
Conclusão A qualidade da redução e o posicionamento dos implantes são fatores que influenciam o resultado da osteossíntese na fratura do colo do fêmur no paciente adulto jovem.
Resident Physician Knowledge of Urine Testing and Treatment Over Four Years
Authors: Andrews Shannon L. , Abbo Lilian M. , Johnson James R. , Kuskowski Michael A. , Shukla Bhavarth S. , Drekonja Dimitri M. 
Published: February 2018

We surveyed resident physicians at 2 academic medical centers regarding urinary testing and treatment as they progressed through training. Demographics and self-reported confidence were compared to overall knowledge using clinical vignette-based questions. Overall knowledge was 40% in 2011 and increased to 48%, 55%, and 63% in subsequent years (P<.001).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:616–618
Axial Crushing of Prismatic Multi-Corner Metal Columns Considering Plastic Hardening and Curvature
Authors: Malekshahi A. , Shirazi K. H. , Shishehsaz M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, progressive crushing of prismatic multi-corner thin walled metal tubes under quasi-static axial load is investigated in detail. The novelty of the paper is mainly in considering strain hardening effect during plastic deformation instead of rigid plastic model and also the effect of curvature in forming the folds instead of plastic hinges. For this purpose, a new geometric model based on FEM and experimental observations is used which is capable of being adapted with new crushing configurations during crushing. Based on this model, the instantaneous energy associated with plastic deformation of different regions are calculated and finally by summing all energies and using minimum absorbed energy, mean crushing force and collapse parameters are determined. To evaluate the results, a detailed finite element study using ABAQUS and LS-Dyna solver is conducted on some regular polygonal mild steel tubes under axial crushing. Comparing the results of the new theoretical approach with FEM results show very good capability of that in predicting collapse behavior of these structures.
Tamoxifen alters cell membrane properties in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes
Authors: Reimão Juliana Q. , Uliana Silvia R. B. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The treatment of leishmaniasis relies primarily on highly toxic, parenterally administered drugs. Therefore, the search for more effective and safer drugs is considered a priority for leishmaniasis’ control. The antileishmanial activity of the oestrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen was previously described in experimental models of leishmaniasis. However, the mechanisms responsible for the antileishmanial activity of tamoxifen remain unknown. Since tamoxifen has been shown to affect plasma and intracellular membranes in tumour cells, the aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the drug on Leishmania amazonensis membranes. Through morphological analysis and labelling with propidium iodide and DiSBAC2(3), we demonstrated that tamoxifen led to plasma membrane depolarization without general membrane disruption or permeabilization. Tamoxifen also caused mitochondrial damage, with loss of membrane potential, as shown by Rhodamine 123 accumulation. Mitochondrial swelling followed, signalling the mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, the effect of tamoxifen on Leishmania is mediated, at least in part, by disorder in parasite's membranes. These alterations are sufficient to trigger a series of lethal events.
Prevalence and heritability of body dysmorphic symptoms in adolescents and young adults: a population-based nationwide twin study
Authors: Enander Jesper , Ivanov Volen Z. , Mataix-Cols David , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Ljótsson Brjánn , Lundström Sebastian , Pérez-Vigil Ana , Monzani Benedetta , Lichtenstein Paul , Rück Christian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) usually begins during adolescence but little is known about the prevalence, etiology, and patterns of comorbidity in this age group. We investigated the prevalence of BDD symptoms in adolescents and young adults. We also report on the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on BDD symptoms, and the risk for co-existing psychopathology.MethodsPrevalence of BDD symptoms was determined by a validated cut-off on the Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire (DCQ) in three population-based twin cohorts at ages 15 (n = 6968), 18 (n = 3738), and 20–28 (n = 4671). Heritability analysis was performed using univariate model-fitting for the DCQ. The risk for co-existing psychopathology was expressed as odds ratios (OR).ResultsThe prevalence of clinically significant BDD symptoms was estimated to be between 1 and 2% in the different cohorts, with a significantly higher prevalence in females (1.3–3.3%) than in males (0.2–0.6%). The heritability of body dysmorphic concerns was estimated to be 49% (95% CI 38–54%) at age 15, 39% (95% CI 30–46) at age 18, and 37% (95% CI 29–42) at ages 20–28, with the remaining variance being due to non-shared environment. ORs for co-existing neuropsychiatric and alcohol-related problems ranged from 2.3 to 13.2.ConclusionsClinically significant BDD symptoms are relatively common in adolescence and young adulthood, particularly in females. The low occurrence of BDD symptoms in adolescent boys may indicate sex differences in age of onset and/or etiological mechanisms. BDD symptoms are moderately heritable in young people and associated with an increased risk for co-existing neuropsychiatric and alcohol-related problems.
Gene Space and Transcriptome Assemblies of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Identify Promoter Sequences, Repetitive Elements, High-Quality Markers, and a Full-Length Chloroplast Genome
Authors: Horvath David P. , Patel Sagar , Doğramaci Münevver , Chao Wun S. , Anderson James V. , Foley Michael E. , Scheffler Brian , Lazo Gerard , Dorn Kevin , Yan Changhui , Childers Anna , Schatz Michel , Marcus Shoshana 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLeafy spurge (Euphorbia esulaL.) is an invasive perennial weed infesting range and recreational lands of North America. Previous research and omics projects withE. esulahave helped develop it as a model for studying many aspects of perennial plant development and response to abiotic stress. However, the lack of an assembled genome forE. esulahas limited the power of previous transcriptomics studies to identify functional promoter elements and transcription factor binding sites. An assembled genome forE. esulawould enhance our understanding of signaling processes controlling plant development and responses to environmental stress and provide a better understanding of genetic factors impacting weediness traits, evolution, and herbicide resistance. A comprehensive transcriptome database would also assist in analyzing future RNA-seq studies and is needed to annotate and assess genomic sequence assemblies. Here, we assembled and annotated 56,234 unigenes from an assembly of 589,235 RNA-seq-derived contigs and a previously published Sanger-sequenced expressed sequence tag collection. The resulting data indicate that we now have sequence for >90% of the expressedE. esulaprotein-coding genes. We also assembled the gene space ofE. esulaby using a limited coverage (18X) genomic sequence database. In this study, the programs Velvet and Trinity produced the best gene-space assemblies based on representation of expressed and conserved eukaryotic genes. The results indicate thatE. esulacontains as much as 23% repetitive sequences, of which 11% are unique. Our sequence data were also sufficient for assembling a full chloroplast and partial mitochondrial genome. Further, marker analysis identified more than 150,000 high-quality variants in ourE. esulaL-RNA–scaffolded, whole-genome, Trinity-assembled genome. Based on these results,E. esulaappears to have limited heterozygosity. This study provides a blueprint for low-cost genomic assemblies in weed species and new resources for identifying conserved and novel promoter regions among coordinately expressed genes ofE. esula.