bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Nonthermal Plasma Improve the Adhesion between Acrylic Resin for Ocular Prostheses and Silicone‐Based Relining Material?
Authors: Nagay Bruna Egumi , Goiato Marcelo Coelho , da Silva Emily Vivianne Freitas , de Medeiros Rodrigo Antonio , Rangel Elidiane Cipriano , da Cruz Nilson Cristino , de Caxias Fernanda Pereira , dos Santos Daniela Micheline 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the influence of nonthermal plasma (NTP) treatment on the tensile bond strength between heat‐polymerized acrylic resin for ocular prostheses and silicone reliner, with and without the use of an adhesive primer.Materials and MethodsOne‐hundred and sixty‐four acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and randomly distributed into four groups according to the type of surface treatment: Sofreliner Primer, NTP, Sofreliner Primer + NTP, and NTP + Sofreliner Primer. Two specimens interposed with relining material (Sofreliner) formed one test sample to perform the tensile bond strength tests, before (initial) and after storage (final) in saline solution (37°C, 90 days, n = 10). Surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The failure type was classified as cohesive, adhesive, or mixed. The data were analyzed statistically using the two‐way ANOVA and Tukey test, as well as the chi‐squared test (α = 0.05), Bonferroni correction (α = 0.005), and Spearman correlation coefficient (α = 0.05).ResultsThe SEM and EDS analyses showed the presence of a thin, homogenous organic film in the groups treated with NTP. The NTP + Sofreliner Primer group presented the largest bond strength mean values in the initial period (p < 0.05). Sofreliner Primer and NTP + Sofreliner Primer groups presented the first and second largest tensile bond strength mean values in the final period (p < 0.05), respectively. NTP + Sofreliner Primer group also had the largest number of cohesive (70%, initial) and mixed (90%, final) failures.ConclusionsThe NTP treatment performed before the primer application enhanced the bond between the acrylic resin ocular prosthesis and the Sofreliner silicone‐based reliner, even after 90 days of immersion in saline solution.
Staying hepatitis C negative: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cure and reinfection in people who inject drugs
Authors: Latham Ned H. , Doyle Joseph S. , Palmer Anna Y. , Vanhommerig Joost W. , Agius Paul , Goutzamanis Stelliana , Li Zinia , Pedrana Alisa , Gottfredsson Magnus , Bouscaillou Julie , Luhmann Niklas , Mazhnaya Alyona , Altice Frederick L. , Saeed Sahar , Klein Marina , Falade‐Nwulia Oluwaseun O. , Aspinall Esther , Hutchinson Sharon , Hellard Margaret E. , Sacks‐Davis Rachel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsDirect‐acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly effective in treating hepatitis C. However, there is concern that cure rates may be lower, and reinfection rates higher, among people who inject drugs. We conducted a systematic review of treatment outcomes achieved with DAAs in people who inject drugs (PWID).MethodsA search strategy was used to identify studies that reported sustained viral response (SVR), treatment discontinuation, adherence or reinfection in recent PWID and/or opioid substitution therapy (OST) recipients. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis of proportions was used to estimate pooled SVR and treatment discontinuation rates. The pooled relative risk of achieving SVR and pooled reinfection rate were calculated using generalized mixed effects linear models.ResultsThe search identified 8075 references; 26 were eligible for inclusion. The pooled SVR for recent PWID was 88% (95% CI, 83%‐92%) and 91% (95% CI 88%‐95%) for OST recipients. The relative risk of achieving SVR for recent PWID compared to non‐recent PWID was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.94‐1.06). The pooled treatment discontinuation was 2% (95% CI, 1%‐4%) for both recent PWID and OST recipients. Amongst recent PWID, the pooled incidence of reinfection was 1.94 per 100 person years (95% CI, 0.87‐4.32). In OST recipients, the incidence of reinfection was 0.55 per 100 person years (95% CI, 0.17‐1.76).ConclusionsTreatment outcomes were similar in recent PWID compared to non‐PWID treated with DAAs. People who report recent injecting or OST recipients should not be excluded from hepatitis C treatment.
The gut microbial influence on cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Kummen Martin , Hov Johannes R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPatients with cholestatic liver diseases like primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have a different gut microbiome composition than healthy controls. In contrast with PBC, PSC has a strong association with inflammatory bowel disease and is the prototypical disease of the gut‐liver axis. Still, there are some distinct overlapping microbial features in the microbiome of patients with PSC and PBC suggesting similarities in cholestatic diseases, although the possible pathogenetic involvement of these shared microbial changes is unknown. Herein, we present an overview of the available data and discuss the relevance for potential disease relevant host‐microbiota interactions. In general, the microbiome interacts with the host via the immunobiome (interactions between the host immune system and the gut microbiome), the endobiome (where the gut microbiome contributes to host physiology by producing or metabolizing endogenous molecules) and the xenobiome (gut microbial transformation of exogenous compounds, including nutrients and drugs). Experimental and human observational evidence suggest that the presence and functions of gut microbes are relevant for the severity and progression of cholestatic liver disease. Interestingly, the majority of new drugs that are currently being tested in PBC and PSC in clinical trials act on bile acid homeostasis, where the endobiome is important. In the future, it will be paramount to perform longitudinal studies, through which we can identify new intervention targets, biomarkers or treatment‐stratifiers. In this way, gut microbiome‐based clinical care and therapy may become relevant in cholestatic liver disease within the foreseeable future.
Population substructure and signals of divergent adaptive selection despite admixture in the sponge Dendrilla antarctica from shallow waters surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Leiva Carlos , Taboada Sergi , Kenny Nathan J. , Combosch David , Giribet Gonzalo , Jombart Thibaut , Riesgo Ana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAntarctic shallow‐water invertebrates are exceptional candidates to study population genetics and evolution, because of their peculiar evolutionary history and adaptation to extreme habitats that expand and retreat with the ice sheets. Among them, sponges are one of the major components, yet population connectivity of none of their many Antarctic species has been studied. To investigate gene flow, local adaptation and resilience to near‐future changes caused by global warming, we sequenced 62 individuals of the sponge Dendrilla antarctica along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and the South Shetlands (spanning ~900 km). We obtained information from 577 double digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq)‐derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), using RADseq techniques for the first time with shallow‐water sponges. In contrast to other studies in sponges, our 389 neutral SNPs data set showed high levels of gene flow, with a subtle substructure driven by the circulation system of the studied area. However, the 140 outlier SNPs under positive selection showed signals of population differentiation, separating the central–southern WAP from the Bransfield Strait area, indicating a divergent selection process in the study area despite panmixia. Fourteen of these outliers were annotated, being mostly involved in immune and stress responses. We suggest that the main selective pressure on D. antarctica might be the difference in the planktonic communities present in the central–southern WAP compared to the Bransfield Strait area, ultimately depending on sea‐ice control of phytoplankton blooms. Our study unveils an unexpectedly long‐distance larval dispersal exceptional in Porifera, broadening the use of genome‐wide markers within nonmodel Antarctic organisms.
A novel LuxR‐type solo of Sinorhizobium meliloti, NurR, is regulated by the chromosome replication coordinator, DnaA and activates quorum sensing
Authors: McIntosh Matthew , Serrania Javier , Lacanna Egidio 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe genome of Sinorhizobium meliloti, a model for studying plant‐bacteria symbiosis, contains eight genes coding for LuxR‐like proteins. Two of these, SinR and ExpR, are essential for quorum sensing (QS). Roles and regulation surrounding the others are mostly unknown. Here, we reveal the DNA recognition sequence and regulon of the LuxR‐like protein SMc00877. Unlike ExpR, which uses the long‐chain acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as inducers, SMc00877 functioned independently of AHLs and was even functional in Escherichia coli. A target of SMc00877 is SinR, the major regulator of AHL production in S. meliloti. Disruption of SMc00877 decreased AHL production. A weaker production of AHLs resulted in smaller microcolonies, starting from single cells, and delayed AHL‐dependent regulation. SMc00877 was expressed only in growing cells in the presence of replete nutrients. Therefore, we renamed it NurR (nutrient sensitive LuxR‐like regulator). We traced this nutrient‐sensitive expression to transcription control by the DNA replication initiation factor, DnaA, which is essential for growth. These results indicate that NurR has a role in modulating the threshold of QS activation according to growth. We propose growth behavior as an additional prerequisite to population density for the activation of QS in S. meliloti.
Association between exercise training in haemodialysis patients and burden of their family caregivers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Garcia Rodrigo S A , Pinheiro Bruno V , Lucinda Leda M F , Pimentel André L , Júnior José M P , Paula Rogério B , Reboredo Maycon M 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAimConsidering that exercise programmes are related with a range of benefits for end‐stage renal disease patients, we evaluated the association between haemodialysis (HD) patients’ involvement in intradialytic exercise training with the burden of their family caregivers.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 60 caregivers of HD patients were recruited, 30 of them who cared for patients that regularly participated in an exercise programme during dialysis sessions and 30 caregivers who looked after patients undergoing usual HD treatment without intradialytic exercise. The caregivers were submitted to the Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS) and their quality of life (short‐form‐36 (SF‐36)), anxiety and depression levels were assessed. Data were expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).ResultsMultiple linear regression showed that the global CBS score was significantly associated with the exercise training after adjusting for age, educational level and anxiety level of caregivers, and dependency level of patients measured by the Lawton scale (coefficient of determination = 0.53; adjusted coefficient of determination = 0.48). Additionally, the caregivers of HD patients submitted to intradialytic exercise (42.0 ± 12.9 years, 33.3% male) compared to caregivers of patients undergoing usual treatment (50.7 ± 17.5 years, 26.7% male) exhibited less caregiver burden (global CBS score = 1.2 (0.2) vs 1.9 (0.7), P < 0.001), better quality of life (physical component score = 53.7 (9.6) vs 49.7 (16.2) and mental component score = 50.6 (17.5) vs 28.2 (32.5), P < 0.05) and lower anxiety (7.2 ± 4.2 vs 10.8 ± 4.1, P = 0.001) and depression levels (3.0 (3.3) vs 6.0 (5.3), P = 0.034), respectively.ConclusionsIntradialytic exercise training in HD patients was associated with lower burden of their family caregivers.
Comparative analysis of genetic effects of wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL
Authors: Zhao Renhui , Liu Bingliang , Jiang Zhengning , Chen Tiantian , Wang Ling , Ji Yaoyong , Hu Zhubing , He Huagang , Bie Tongde 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.
Cerebral bioenergetic differences measured by phosphorus‐31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy between bipolar disorder and healthy subjects living in two different regions suggesting possible effects of altitude
Authors: Hwang Jaeuk , DeLisi Lynn E. , Öngür Dost , Riley Colin , Zuo Chun , Shi Xianfeng , Sung Young‐Hoon , Kondo Douglas , Kim Tae‐Suk , Villafuerte Rosemond , Smedberg Diane , Yurgelun‐Todd Deborah , Renshaw Perry F. 
Published: May 2019

AimIncreased oxidative stress in cerebral mitochondria may follow exposure to the systemic hypobaric hypoxia associated with residing at higher altitudes. Because mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in bipolar disorder (BD) pathophysiology, this may impact the cerebral bioenergetics in BD. In this study, we evaluated the cerebral bioenergetics of BD and healthy control (HC) subjects at two sites, located at sea level and at moderate altitude.MethodsForty‐three veterans with BD and 33 HC veterans were recruited in Boston (n = 22) and Salt Lake City (SLC; n = 54). Levels of phosphocreatine, β nucleoside triphosphate (βNTP), inorganic phosphate, and pH over total phosphate (TP) were measured using phosphorus‐31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the following brain regions: anterior cingulate cortex and posterior occipital cortex, as well as bilateral prefrontal and occipitoparietal (OP) white matter (WM).ResultsA significant main effect of site was found in βNTP/TP (Boston > SLC) and phosphocreatine/TP (Boston < SLC) in most cortical and WM regions, and inorganic phosphate/TP (Boston < SLC) in OP regions. A main effect analysis of BD diagnosis demonstrated a lower pH in posterior occipital cortex and right OP WM and a lower βNTP/TP in right prefrontal WM in BD subjects, compared to HC subjects.ConclusionThe study showed that there were cerebral bioenergetic differences in both BD and HC veteran participants at two different sites, which may be partly explained by altitude difference. Future studies are needed to replicate these results in order to elucidate the dysfunctional mitochondrial changes that occur in response to hypobaric hypoxia.
Atypical Café‐au‐Lait Macules in a Patient with Koolen‐de Vries Syndrome (17q21.31 Microdeletion Syndrome)
Authors: Han Allison M. , Kusari Ayan , Soeprono Fred , Eichenfield Lawrence F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKoolen‐de Vries syndrome (KdVS), also referred to as the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental delay, typical facial dysmorphism, and congenital defects. Associated anomalies include many cutaneous findings. Here, we report a 17‐year‐old boy with KdVS (17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome) who presented with diffuse freckling and multiple pigmented lesions, found to be most consistent with atypical café‐au‐lait macules (CALMs) on biopsy. We review the cutaneous findings commonly associated with KdVS (17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome) and propose the addition of diffuse freckling and atypical CALMs, histologically similar to those that may be found in neurofibromatosis type 1, to the cutaneous findings associated with KdVS (17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome).
Clinicopathologic characteristics of de novo nodular regenerative hyperplasia in pediatric liver transplant
Authors: González Iván , Lu Hsiang‐Chih , Ritter Jon H. , Maluf Horacio M. , Dehner Louis P. , He Mai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLiver NRH is seen in all patients age; however, more frequently in those over the age of 60 years and associated with multiple systemic diseases. In liver allograft recipients, the development of DnNRH has been linked with the use of azathioprine or vascular abnormalities. We present the clinicopathologic characteristics of 17 pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation and subsequently developed DnNRH. The patients were divided into early and late onset depending if DnNRH was diagnosed within or beyond 4 years after transplant. Eight patients (47%) presented as early onset, of which two had normal ultrasound at time of diagnosis. One patient (12.5%) with early onset lost the graft secondary to DnNRH. Nine patients (53%) presented as late onset, of which two (22%) had normal ultrasound at time of diagnosis. Two patients (25%) of the late onset lost their graft secondary to chronic rejection and DnNRH. Two patients (12%) died secondary to cytomegalovirus pneumonitis and pancolitis. Furthermore, both groups presented with symptoms differing from the adult population in prior studies and were not associated with the use of azathioprine or vascular abnormalities. Interestingly, episodes of acute cellular rejection were more common in the early‐onset group compared to the late‐onset group. In conclusion, DnNRH in the pediatric age group has a different clinical presentation, possibly reflecting a different pathogenesis compared to the adult population.
New‐onset diabetes after pediatric heart transplantation: A review of the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study
Authors: Sparks Joshua D. , Cantor Ryan S. , Pruitt Elizabeth , Kirklin James K. , Carboni Michael , Dreyer William , Kindel Steven , Ryan Thomas D. , Morrow W. Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNDT is a well‐defined complication after solid organ transplantation. Little has been published describing the incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcome after pediatric heart transplantation. We performed a retrospective evaluation of pediatric patients from the PHTS registry from 2004 to 2014. Group comparison, associated factors, incidence using Kaplan‐Meier method, and risk factor and outcome analysis for NDT at 1 year post‐transplant. Of the 2185 recipients, 1756 were alive and followed at 1 year. Overall freedom from NDT was 98.9%, 94.7%, and 92.6% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Patients with NDT were more likely to be black (non‐Hispanic; P = 0.002), older at time of transplant (P < 0.0001), and have a higher BMI percentile at time of transplant (P < 0.0001). Adjusted risk factors for NDT at 1 year were older age at transplant (years; >12 years, OR: 8.8 and 5‐12 years, HR: 8.0), obese BMI percentile at time of transplant (OR: 3.8), and steroid use at 30 days after transplant (OR: 4.7). Though uncommon, NDT occurs with a constant hazard after pediatric heart transplant; it occurs more often in older patients at transplant, those who are of black race, those who are obese, and those who use steroids. Therefore, targeted weight reduction and selective steroid use in at‐risk populations could reduce the incidence of early NDT. Further data are needed to determine the risk imparted by transplantation, factors that predict late‐onset NDT, and whether NDT alters the outcome after transplant.
CYP3A5 genotype affects time to therapeutic tacrolimus level in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Yanik Megan V. , Seifert Michael E. , Locke Jayme E. , Hauptfeld‐Dolejsek Vera , Crowley Michael R. , Cutter Gary R. , Mannon Roslyn B. , Feig Daniel I. , Limdi Nita A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOptimal management of immunosuppression in kidney transplantation requires a delicate balance of efficacy and toxicity. Tacrolimus (TAC) dose requirements are significantly impacted by genetic variation in CYP3A5 polymorphisms, however the impact that genotype has on clinical outcomes in the pediatric kidney transplant population remains unclear.MethodsWe evaluated a retrospective cohort of 98 pediatric kidney transplant recipients. The primary exposure was CYP3A5 genotype, which classified each recipient into the expresser (at least one CYP3A5*1 allele) or non‐expresser group (only CYP3A5*3 alleles). The primary outcome was time to achieve a steady therapeutic TAC concentration. Secondary outcomes include incidence of early allograft rejection and calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity during the first year post‐transplant.ResultsThe study cohort included 55 (56%) expressers and 43 (44%) non‐expressers of the CYP3A5*1 allele. Expressers had a significantly longer time to achieve a steady therapeutic TAC concentration than non‐expressers (log rank, P = 0.03). Expressers had a trend for higher incidence of early allograft rejection (29.1% vs 16.3%, log rank, P = 0.16). Early biopsy‐proven CNI nephrotoxicity was seen in 60% of recipients, with no differences in the rate between expressers and non‐expressers.ConclusionsPediatric kidney transplant recipients with the CYP3A5*1 allele (expressers) take a longer time to achieve therapeutic TAC levels than those with the CYP3A5*3 allele (non‐expressers). However, we observed no significant differences in acute rejection or CNI nephrotoxicity based on CYP3A5 genotype. Thus CYP3A5 genotype was not observed to have an immediate impact on early transplant outcomes.
Administration of anti‐CTLA‐4 monoclonal antibody augments protective immunity induced by Schistosoma japonicum glutathione‐S‐transferase
Authors: Tang Chun‐lian , Pan Qun , Dai Wen‐qin , Hu Li‐dong , Zhou Hong‐hua , Wang Li‐xia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti‐CTLA‐4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on 26‐kDa glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) vaccine–induced immunity against Schistosoma japonicum infection.Methods and ResultsMice immunized with GST before infection with S japonicum cercariae were injected with anti‐CTLA‐4 mAb. Worm reduction rate of GST was increased from 25.41% in mice with GST immunization to 52.48% in mice with GST plus anti‐CTLA‐4 mAb. The percentages of regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly higher following administration of both GST and anti‐CTLA‐4 mAb, or anti‐CTLA‐4 mAb alone. Elevated levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐4 and IL‐5 were observed.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that CTLA‐4 may inhibit the protective effect of GST vaccine, and anti‐CTLA‐4 mAb may be used as an adjuvant to enhance the immune protection conferred by the GST vaccine by enhancing Th1‐ and Th2‐type immune response.