bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Assessment of Recycling Processes for Demolition Waste
Authors: Pešta J , Pavlů T , Kočí V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This contribution is aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts of recycling construction and demolition waste with the use of Life Cycle Assessment. In the first step, the LCA was used as an analytical tool for the comparison of recycled aggregates production. Recycled aggregates were produced from brick and concrete waste. Chosen functional unit for the comparison was 1 ton of recycled aggregate (RA). The results show that concrete aggregate production has a higher impact on Climate Change category (1,51 kg CO2 eq.) than brick aggregate production (1,18 kg CO2 eq.). Then, in the second step, new concrete mixtures made of recycled aggregates were compared. Functional unit was 1 m3 of concrete. Environmental impacts of concrete mixtures were compared with reference concrete mixture. These compared concretes are classified as C20/25 according to CSN EN 206 + A1. Mixtures with concrete RA have a higher environmental impact than mixtures which were made of brick RA. GaBi Software ts for data processing was used. Environmental impacts assessment according to the ReCiPe method characterization, version 1.08 was used.
The Influence of Building Materials on Relative Humidity of Internal Microclimate
Authors: Růžička J , Diviš J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sustainable building covers wide range of criteria including environmental, social and economy issues. Relative humidity of the internal environment belongs to the group of social criteria dealing with the quality of indoor microclimate and is one of the important indicators. Low humidity level can cause dry skin, throats and nasal passages and can cause annoying static electric sparks. High humidity level can lead to growth of moulds and bacteria and can cause condensation problems on the cold surfaces. Appropriate level of relative humidity can be operate by building service systems which increases operating energy in buildings and is sensitive to correct set up, control and monitoring. Relative humidity can be also influenced by the choice of building structures and structural materials without any operating energy. The paper summarizes latest research on the influence of relative humidity on health hazards and influence of building structures and structural materials on the relative humidity.
Innovative Thermal Insulation Products for a Circular Economy
Authors: Vasile V , Petcu C , Meiţă V , Zaharia M C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The depletion of non-renewable resources is followed by severe ecological and social impacts, and the heavily usage of raw, virgin resources leaves significant, long lasting footprints. In order to move into a more sustainable economic system, a recently more frequently discussed approach for overcoming the current linearity of product lifecycles is the concept of circular economy (CE). The transition to a more circular economy, where the value of products, materials and resources is maintained and circulated (by recycling activities) in the economy for as long as possible, is an essential contribution to the EU’s efforts to develop a sustainable, low carbon, resource efficient and competitive economy. In this context, ecological solutions consisting of materials which helps carbon sequestration and necessitates small amounts of energy for production are becoming increasingly popular from buildings construction point of view, namely: the raw material is cheap and in large quantities; have low thermal conductivity; are from a renewable source. The paper presents an analysis of some innovative thermal insulating products made from renewable or recycled resources (recycled plastics, low quality wool, straw, cellulose), their thermal conductivities over a temperature interval and acoustics coefficients (αs, αw), the purpose being to inform the market in order to increase the present level of technical knowledge and to facilitate the implementation of high energy efficiency buildings with products from recycled materials or using industrial by-products.
Development of LCAbyg: A National Life Cycle Assessment Tool for Buildings in Denmark
Authors: Birgisdottir H , Rasmussen F N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the autumn of 2014, the Danish government presented a national strategy for the building sector. Sustainability was mentioned as one of five focus areas for the future political work within the sector. Subsequently, the development of a national Life Cycle Assessment tool for buildings was initiated, and the first version of LCAbyg was launched in 2015. The primary goal behind the development of LCAbyg has been, with judicious, intuitive and transparent visualization of LCA results, to increase building designer’s awareness of the life cycle impacts of buildings, and to understand where, in the building life cycle, reductions of environmental impacts can be achieved. This paper describes the principles of the LCA tool in terms of the required input data for the building assessment, the calculation methods within the model and how the LCA results are presented to the user. The paper furthermore demonstrates how the tool enables the user to perform comparisons of different construction solutions and material uses, and elaborates on how the predefined visualization of results qualifies the designer to identify hotspots and to understand and mitigate the major impacts throughout the building’s life cycle.
The Influence of Technology Performance Durability in the Cost-Optimal Analysis of a ZEB
Authors: Danza L , Bellazzi A , Devitofrancesco A , Guazzi G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The high number of existing buildings needing refurbishment actions justifies the need of a methodology that considers its service life after the refurbishment process. Cost-effectiveness assessment of refurbishment scenarios in building design is a crucial phase in the decision-making process towards a ZEB realization. Energy renovations involve an important investment, whose amount increases considerably when a ZEB target is fixed. When cost-optimal methodology is applied to different refurbishment scenarios, the costs evaluated take into consideration not only the initial investment cost, but also the running costs over the years and the payback time of the adopted solutions. Nevertheless, technologies hypothesized in the scenarios undergo a process of performance decay taking place since the first year of buildings’ operations. The thin balance between needs and energy supply of a ZEB may be broken by deteriorating the energy performance of the whole building. Consequently, the running costs can increase significantly over the years and also the payback time, calculated over the annual costs of the building. The goal of this paper is to apply a cost-optimal assessment on a reference building, comparing the results of simulations with durability approach and those that do not consider the performance decay.
Hands-On: Sustainable Approach in Architectural Education
Authors: Hlaváček D , Čeněk M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Human activity, including resource depletion, pollution and waste production, has a negative influence on the natural environment. Building industry is one of the major causes of the situation. It is therefore essential to change the approach to building design in order to lessen the impact of human activity on the environment. Architects are still not properly prepared for this change. This is caused by the education they receive in the traditional studio-based teaching process. In contrast to engineering disciplines, the student of architecture is able to look at the issue of designing in a holistic way. However, he is overwhelmed by a large number of topics and subjects that must be addressed. The issue of "sustainability" thus often gets on the edge of his interest. As part of the studio teaching at the Faculty of Architecture of CTU, we are looking for methods to naturally integrate sustainable thinking into the architectural concept already in the early stages of the design. The paper focuses on the so-called design-build projects, as one of the paths that lead to an integral design and an effective way of implementing sustainable design into the architectural concept.
Concrete, Sustainability and Limit States
Authors: Hrabová K , Teplý B , Hájek P 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEfficient sustainability management of concrete structures requires the use of tools which allow material, technological and construction variants to be quantified. The present contribution, apart from discussing the issue of sustainability of concrete structures, focuses on the quantification of concrete resistance to degradation. An indicator expressing quality, with regard to sustainability, is determined using information on concrete performance characteristics, service life and eco-costs, enabling the quantification and comparison of various cases. Cradle-to-gate system boundary and the full probability method are used. The aim is to propose a suitable methodology which can simplify decision-making about the design and choice of concrete mixes from a wider sustainability perspective, as an extensional and integrating approach to evaluating load-bearing capacity and durability. Two case studies of probabilistic sustainability quantification are shown using sustainability potential indicators for two different definitions of service life (due to carbonation of concrete and freeze/thaw effects), considering also the concrete performance’s and impact on the environment.
Smart BIM-AM Journey to Green Buildings
Authors: Lee C K , Chan H Y S , Poon C Y C , Yip K M G , Yuen P H F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been widely adopted for buildings design and construction to facilitate coordination works, however, there are a few studies of its application in the long lifecycle of buildings operation and maintenance (O&M). An integrated BIM – Asset Management (BIM-AM) System which enables visual cross-reference from real-world objects to BIM model and even to their maintenance record, O&M manuals, asset relationships, live views of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system, real-time data from Building Management System (BMS) and wireless Internet of Things (IoT) sensors as well as location information from a Real Time Location System (RTLS) on one single integrated mobile platform with the aid of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) scanning technology has been developed. While the BIM-AM System has been proven its novelty, originality, capability and potential towards smart O&M by the patent granted in 2017, BIM can be further developed in green building aspects with the application of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). Different sets of boundary conditions, including supply air temperature, supply air flow, number of people and so on, were simulated for comfort level. A predictive model was formulated to achieve an intelligent control of air-conditioning system, including supply air temperature reset and adjustment of supply and/or fresh air flow, with the balance of human comfort.
A Life-Cycle Approach to Building Energy Retrofitting: Bio-Based Technologies for Sustainable Urban Regeneration
Authors: Pittau F , Habert G , Iannaccone G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The construction sector and, more specifically, the building renovation sector plays a decisive role in the achievement of the EU targets for the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The main strategies implemented by the EU are aimed, on one side, at increasing the number of buildings to be renovated and, on the other, at promoting deep renovation on the existing stock. The main objective is to drastically reduce the CO2 emissions associated with the energy consumption of buildings during their operation in consideration of the decarbonization targets by 2050. Several studies have shown that around 75% of the EU building stock needs energy retrofitting, and a significant amount of thermal insulation is expected to be installed on the building envelopes in order to decrease the energy losses. The carbon emission for the production of materials and construction might slow down the transition to a low carbon society and significantly reduce the carbon budget available by 2050. In this perspective, the paper shows the results of some recent research activities aimed at identifying alternative approaches based on the use of biogenic materials applied to the building envelope retrofitting. On one side, they meet the energy and CO2 targets established by the EU while promoting, on the other one, sustainable regeneration processes that include, among the others, the storage of CO2 in building elements and the efficient land use. A specific calculation tool, based on a dynamic LCA method, is introduced to holistically quantify the environmental benefits expected over time.
The Influence of Energy Performance Certification the Market Value of Residential Buildings
Authors: Tagliabue L C , Cecconi F Re , Moretti N , Dejaco M C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The market value of the physical assets over the time varies as a function of different factors related, for instance, to the correct execution of buildings and systems; the conformity with procedures defined for the use phase of the systems; the implementation of maintenance plan, defined in order to maintain the building and its parts in good conditions. Nevertheless, there is not a clear evidence of how the market value is affected by the energy performance measured by the Energy Performance Certification in Italy. The aim of this research concerns the definition of an assessment methodology of the impact of the energy performance on the market value of assets. The methodology has been developed and tested in a case study on the city of Milan, Italy. At first, an investigation of homogeneous income areas has been carried out, afterwards an analysis of the market values of assets has been done. The results have been integrated in a Geographic Information System and gaps in the market values have been associated to the energy performance. Despite the methodology has still to be refined, it has been demonstrated its validity. To conclude, further parameters representing the energy performance of the buildings could be encompassed in the assessment, in order to achieve a more precise energy profile of the building under analysis.
Window Design Strategies for Environmentally Friendly and Energy Efficient Patient Rooms: A Case Study in the Belgian Context
Authors: Eisazadeh N , Allacker K , De Troyer F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With the increasing awareness of sustainable design “operational energy use”, “life cycle environmental impact” and “comfort” are becoming key considerations for design decisions. These three aspects are usually not explored in an integrated way in the early design stage. During this stage however, most far-reaching design decisions are made and the greatest potential to achieve sustainable building designs in a cost-efficient way exists. Hence energy efficiency, environmental performance and comfort should be considered as a fundamental part of early design stage decisions. This paper investigates the influence of various patient room design options on the energy cost, life cycle environmental impact and daylighting. The design parameters investigated are the room geometry, type of glazing and WWR (Window-to-Wall Ratio). The analysis is performed for a case study in Belgium, more specifically a patient room in a hospital design. The existing design is taken as a baseline scenario and via parametric analysis, the influence of alternative design strategies is analysed. Based on the comparative analysis, the paper discusses potential design strategies that allow for energy efficient and environmentally-friendly patient rooms that fulfil comfort requirements for patients.
Implications of Model Complexity for the Simulated Thermal Behavior of a Casement Window
Authors: Khosravi S N , Šikula O , Pont U , Mahdavi A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Windows have been a subject of interest for research in building industry due to their multifaceted and significant implications for indoor environmental quality and energy use. In this context, the present contribution explores the retrofit opportunity toward retrofit of casement windows via application of vacuum glazing. The first scenario included conductive and convective heat transfer processes. The second, more detailed scenario took, in addition, the effects of (long-wave) radiation phenomena into account. The main objective of the present contribution is thus to contrast the results obtained from primarily conductive and convective computations with those that involve a detailed coupled conductive, convective, and radiation simulation. The study benefits from a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model to evaluate the airflow patterns (temperature and velocity) within the window’s interstitial space by assuming isothermal boundary conditions. Based on simulation results, the thermal performance of the retrofitted casement window (with vacuum glass applied as external pane) can be compared to the conventional construction. Thus, benefits in terms of reduced energy use and surface condensation risk can be documented.
Environmental Benefits of Timber-Concrete Prefabricated Construction System for Apartment Buildings – a Simplified Comparative LCA Study
Authors: Ryklová P , Mančík Š , Lupíšek A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of a research project TiCo (Timber Concrete) is to create a standardized flexible construction system for multifamily apartment buildings for central European climatic conditions with low environmental impact. It exploits advantages of advanced prefabrication and favourable material properties of its main elements. Prefabricated structural system was designed using concrete frame with thin columns and lightweight ceilings with reinforcing core. Façades and interior partition walls were designed from prefabricated timber frame panels. The paper presents a simplified comparative LCA study of the designed TiCo building system and conventional building solutions. The compared variants had the same key parameters – load bearing capacity and heat transfer coefficients of building’s envelope. The analyses include load-bearing structures, façade, partition walls, foundations and roof. The others like HVAC systems, floors, doors, windows or tin work were not included. A simplified comparative LCA is based on procedure described in method SBToolCZ, which evaluates the quality of buildings in terms of sustainability. The assessment covered embodied environmental impacts of the construction system structures with their replacement based of their service lives. Prefabricated concrete frame structure with timber envelope was found environmentally friendlier compared to conventional solutions. The combination of the concrete load-bearing structure and lightweight timber frame panels that benefits from favourable characteristics of both materials for the given purpose appropriately used in the construction appeared to be an efficient way of minimizing building’s environmental impact.
Attractiveness of Using Photovoltaic Panels in a Building Connected to a Mainly Renewable Electricity Grid
Authors: Saade M R M , da Silva M G , Gomes V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) panels contribute to overall building’s loads, but generally have their impacts offset at the operational stage. For increasingly renewable electricity grids, PV’s contribution to lowering non-renewable energy becomes less significant. This paper aims at investigating the non-renewable cumulative energy demand (CEDnren) and global warming potential (GWP) payback times associated to onsite PV generation in the highly renewable Brazilian grid, considering a 50-year building service life. Operational energy consumption was simulated in Energy Plus. CEDnren and GWP were calculated through the CED method and CML-IA, respectively. SimaPro 7.3 and Ecoinvent 2.2 supported performed LCAs. Different PV settings were analyzed to rank the most effective technological options. Amorphous and single-Si panels performed worst (around 17 years of non-renewable CED payback time, whilst for GWP the payback time was much shorter for all technologies). PV’s production and replacement loads played a significant role, therefore technological investments to increase panels’ durability and improve manufacturing efficiency could ensure its attractiveness.
Environmental Assessment of Latent Heat Storage Technology
Authors: Struhala K , Ostrý M , Bantová S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The potential for the use of renewable energy sources in heating or cooling systems increases with the possibility to store heat or cold when they are available. Latent heat storage (LHS) technology using phase change materials (PCMs) has significantly higher storage density compared to sensible heat storage. The solid-liquid phase change of PCMs with appropriate phase change temperature is preferred for building applications. In practice, there is often a lack of credible information about properties of LHS materials and their environmental impacts. Most of the common methods for evaluation of environmental impacts are based on Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) principles. LCA is developed for several decades already. It can be used for evaluation of any product system. In this paper it is used for evaluation of environmental aspects of LHS technology, specifically selected heat storage materials.
Reducing Energy Consumption for Air-Conditioning by Commissioning and Optimized System Operation
Authors: Šimek J , Lain M , Hensen J L M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The contribution of buildings towards energy consumption has dramatically increased over the past decade. According to the EC’s Joint Research Centre, HVAC systems in Europe were estimated to account for approximately 11% of electricity consumed in Europe [1] and with associated CO2 emissions highly contribute to global climate change. This paper deals with the electricity consumption of air-conditioning systems in buildings in the Czech Republic. The paper presents results of actual measurements in 15 mostly office buildings over a 5 year period. The extensive analysis of measured data is presented in graphs and tables. A considerable difference in the electricity consumptions for cooling between the various administrative buildings is identified. The advanced commissioning of air-conditioning systems and its general application in the Czech buildings is presented in the paper as well. Energy consumption measurements, proper operation and application of advanced commissioning are identified as important methods tool to reduce energy consumption of air-conditioning systems in existing buildings.
Renewable Energy Supply for Remote Station Located in Antarctica – Simulations Based on Real Measured Data
Authors: Kichou S , Wolf P , Kapler P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) installation with energy control and energy storage systems (ESS) are becoming more popular to be used inside buildings. They can assure stable energy supply as well as energy savings. A proper system design is necessary to ensure optimal energy supply and cost savings. The present work describes current energy demands and sources of Johann Gregor Mendel Station operated by Masaryk University in Brno and suggests a new generation sources based on PV. The energy for the station is being provided by oil generators, PV system and wind turbines. Since the beginning of 2018 a new system for measuring detailed energy demand, irradiation and wind speed has been installed in that location. Thus, based on the in-site collected data, possible system sizes are suggested in order to make the station fully operating by means of renewable energy sources.