bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early KLRG1+ but Not CD57+CD8+ T Cells in Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection Predict Effector Function and Viral Control
Authors: Hoji Aki , Popescu Iulia D. , Pipeling Matthew R. , Shah Pali D. , Winters Spencer A. , McDyer John F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
CMV remains an important opportunistic pathogen in high-risk lung transplant recipients. We characterized the phenotype and function of CD8+ T cells from acute/primary into chronic CMV infection in 23 (donor+/recipient−; D+R−) lung transplant recipients and found rapid induction of both KLRG1+ and/or CD57+ CMV-specific CD8+ T cells with unexpected coexpression of CD27. These cells demonstrated maturation from an acute effector T cell (TAEFF) to an effector memory T cell (TEM) phenotype with progressive enrichment of KLRG1+CD57+CD27− cells into memory. CMV-specific KLRG1+ TAEFF were capable of in vitro proliferation that diminished upon acquisition of CD57, whereas only KLRG1+ expression correlated with T-bet expression and effector function. In contrast to blood TAEFF, lung mucosal TAEFF demonstrated reduced KLRG1/T-bet expression but similar CD57 levels. Additionally, increased KLRG1+TAEFF were associated with early immune viral control following primary infection. To our knowledge, our findings provide new insights into the roles of KLRG1 and CD57 expression in human T cells, forming the basis for a refined model of CD8+ T cell differentiation during CMV infection.
Statistical Methods for Handling Observation Clustering in Sports Injury Surveillance
Authors: Chandran Avinash , Brown Derek , Nedimyer Aliza K. , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: September 2019

Context
Advances in sports injury-surveillance methods have made it possible to accommodate non–time-loss (NTL) injury reporting; however, the analysis of surveillance data now requires careful consideration of the nuances of NTL injury records.

Background
Injury-surveillance mechanisms that record NTL injuries are more likely to contain multiple injury records per athlete. These must be handled appropriately in statistical analyses to make methodologically sound inferences.

Methods
We simulated datasets of NTL injuries using varying degrees of observation clustering and compared the inferences made using traditional techniques with those made after accounting for clustering in computations of injury proportion ratios.

Results
Inappropriate handling of even moderate clustering resulted in flawed inferences in 10% to 12% of our simulations. We observed greater bias in our estimates as the degree of clustering increased.

Conclusions
We urge investigators to carefully consider observation clustering and adapt analytical methods to accommodate the evolving sophistication of surveillance.
The Proskynesis of Jesus in the New Testament
Authors: Lozano Ray M. 
Published: September 2019

This book investigates the use of the Greek term "proskuneo" with Jesus as the object in the New Testament writings. Ray M. Lozano unpicks this interesting term and examines its capacity to express various degrees of reverence directed toward a superior: from a respectful greeting of an elder, to homage paid to a king, to cultic worship paid to a god. Lozano then looks at the term in reference to Jesus in the New Testament writings, and carefully considers whether Jesus is portrayed as receiving such reverence in a relatively weak sense as a merely human figure, or in a relatively strong sense as a divine figure.
Lozano outlines how scholars are divided over this issue and provides a fresh, thorough examination of the New Testament material (Mark, Matthew, Luke-Acts, John, Hebrews, and Revelation) and in so-doing shows that each of these New Testament writings, in their own unique ways, presents Jesus as a divine figure uniquely and closely linked to the God of Israel in making him an object of "proskuneo".
GLODAPv2.2019 – an update of GLODAPv2
Authors: Olsen Are , Lange Nico , Key Robert M. , Tanhua Toste , Álvarez Marta , Becker Susan , Bittig Henry C. , Carter Brendan R. , Cotrim da Cunha Leticia , Feely Richard A. , van Heuven Steven , Hoppema Mario , Ishii Masao , Jeansson Emil , Jones Steve D. , Jutterström Sara , Karlsen Maren K. , Kozyr Alex , Lauvset Siv K. , Lo Monaco Claire , Murata Akihiko , Pérez Fiz F. , Pfeil Benjamin , Schirnick Carsten , Steinfeldt Reiner , Suzuki Toru , Telszewski Maciej , Tilbrook Bronte , Velo Anton , Wanninkhof Rik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a
synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean
biogeochemical data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry
and related variables determined through chemical analysis of water samples.
This update of GLODAPv2, v2.2019, adds data from 116 cruises to the previous
version, extending its coverage in time from 2013 to 2017, while also adding
some data from prior years. GLODAPv2.2019 includes measurements from more
than 1.1 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 840
cruises. The data for the 12 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen,
nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity,
pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4) have undergone extensive quality
control, especially systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in
two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but updated to WOCE
exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied
to minimize bias. These adjustments were derived by comparing the data from
the 116 new cruises with the data from the 724 quality-controlled cruises of
the GLODAPv2 data product. They correct for errors related to measurement,
calibration, and data handling practices, taking into account any known or
likely time trends or variations. The compiled and adjusted data product is
believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen,
2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total
alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH, and 5 % in the halogenated transient
tracers. The compilation also includes data for several other variables,
such as isotopic tracers. These were not subjected to bias comparison or
adjustments. The original data, their documentation and DOI codes are available in the
Ocean Carbon Data System of NOAA NCEI
(https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/GLODAPv2_2019/, last access: 17 September 2019). This
site also provides access to the merged data product, which is provided as a
single global file and as four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian,
and Pacific oceans – under https://doi.org/10.25921/xnme-wr20
(Olsen et al., 2019). The
product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data.
These were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data.
This paper documents the GLODAPv2.2019 methods and provides a broad overview
of the secondary quality control procedures and results.
The influence of water table depth on evapotranspiration in the Amazon arc of deforestation
Authors: O'Connor John , Santos Maria J. , Rebel Karin T. , Dekker Stefan C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The Amazon rainforest evapotranspiration (ET) flux provides climate-regulating and moisture-provisioning ecosystem services through a moisture
recycling system. The dense complex canopy and deep root system creates an
optimum structure to provide large ET fluxes to the atmosphere, forming the
source of precipitation. Extensive land use and land cover change (LULCC)
from forest to agriculture in the arc of deforestation breaks this moisture
recycling system. Crops such as soybean are planted in large homogeneous
monocultures and the maximum rooting depth of these crops is far shallower
than forest. This difference in rooting depth is key as forests can access
deep soil moisture and show no signs of water stress during the dry season,
while in contrast crops are highly seasonal with a growing season dependent
on rainfall. As access to soil moisture is a limiting factor in vegetation
growth, we hypothesised that if crops could access soil moisture, they would
undergo less water stress and therefore would have higher evapotranspiration
rates than crops which could not access soil moisture. We combined remote-sensing data with modelled groundwater table depth (WTD)
to assess whether vegetation in areas with a shallow WTD had higher ET than
vegetation in deep WTD areas. We randomly selected areas of forest, savanna,
and crop with deep and shallow WTD and examined whether they differ on MODIS
Evapotranspiration (ET), Land Surface Temperature (LST), and Enhanced
Vegetation Index (EVI), from 2001 to 2012, annually and during transition
periods between the wet and dry seasons. As expected, we found no differences
in ET, LST, and EVI for forest vegetation between deep and shallow WTD,
which because of their deep roots could access water and maintain
evapotranspiration for moisture recycling during the entire year. We found
significantly higher ET and lower LST in shallow WTD crop areas than in deep WTD during the dry season transition, suggesting that crops in deep WTD undergo higher water stress than crops in shallow WTD areas. The differences found between crop in deep and shallow WTD, however, are of
low significance with regards to the moisture recycling system, as the
difference resulting from conversion of forest to crop has an overwhelming
influence (ET in forest is ≈2 mm d−1 higher than that in
crops) and has the strongest impact on energy balance and ET. However,
access to water during the transition between wet and dry seasons may
positively influence growing season length in crop areas.
Resistance to ciprofloxacin of respiratory pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Dostai Rene E , Seale J Paul , Yan Barbara J 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of resistance to ciprofloxacin in respiratory pathogens isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) compared with that of isolates from patients without CF. The hypothesis was that repeated exposure of these respiratory pathogens to ciprofloxacin would reduce their sensitivity.DesignIsolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were obtained prospectively from sputa of patients with CF, as part of their routine care. The sensitivities of these isolates to ciprofloxacin were determined by standard agar dilution techniques.Setting and patientsThe study was carried out in patients who attended the outpatient clinic or were treated as inpatients of a tertiary referral hospital. Sputa were obtained from 71 patients with CF (age range, 2‐31 years) and isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were compared with those from 54 hospital patients who did not have CF.Outcome measuresSensitivities to ciprofloxacin, expressed as the minimal concentrations required to inhibit growth of the organisms (MIC), were used to make comparisons between different isolates and the same isolates within patients at different times.ResultsA higher incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance was displayed by isolates of P. aeruginosa from CF patients who had been previously prescribed ciprofloxacin (MICso of 2.0 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L for mucoid and nonmucoid strains respectively). The MIC of individual organisms tended to rise after a course of ciprofloxacin had been given to their host. A much tower incidence of resistance was displayed by isolates of P. aeruginosa from patients without CF (MICS0, 0.25 mg/L). Similarly, S. aureus isolates from patients with CF exhibited greater resistance to ciprofloxacin (MICso, 32 mg/L) than isolates from other patients (MICso, 0.75 mg/L).ConclusionThe resistance of P. aeruginosa appears to be related to ciproflox‐acln exposure, so further development of resistance may be diminished by restricting the frequency of ciprofloxacin administration to individual patients.
Water availability drives population divergence and sex‐specific responses in a dioecious plant
Authors: Delph Lynda F. 
Published: September 2019

PremiseWater availability is an important abiotic factor, resulting in differences between plant species growing in xeric and mesic habitats. Species with populations occurring in both habitat types allow examination of whether water availability has acted as a selective force at the intraspecific level. Investigating responses to water availability with a dioecious species allows determination of whether males and females, which often have different physiologies and life histories, respond differently.MethodsAn experiment varying water availability was performed under an outdoor rain‐out shelter using plants from two mesic and two xeric populations of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia. Early growth rate, flowering propensity, flower size, and specific leaf area were measured. At the end of the season, the plants were harvested, aboveground and root biomass were measured, and the total number of flowers and fruit produced were counted.ResultsCompared to the two mesic populations, plants from the two xeric populations grew more slowly, were less likely to flower, took longer to flower, had thicker leaves, invested less in aboveground biomass and more in root biomass, produced fewer flowers and fruit, but were more likely to live. Many traits exhibited significant habitat type × treatment interactions. Compared to the xeric populations, males—but not females—from mesic populations had less root biomass and greatly reduced their flower production in response to low water availability.ConclusionsMesic and xeric populations responded in ways congruent with water availability being a selective force for among‐population divergence, especially for males.
Amplified Emissions Spectroscopy for Sensing Applications
Authors: Sun Tao , Du Zhenhui , Li Jinyi , Ma Yiwen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAmplified emission spectroscopy is promising for applications of qualitative and quantitative sensing of elements and their states. This technique has the characteristics of a narrow spectral line, high spectral resolution, and high signal‐to‐noise ratio. Recently, this technology has advanced tremendously with progress in excitation methods, that is, resonance multiphoton absorption and filamentation with ultrafast lasers. The mechanism, conditions, excitation, signal processing, and applications of amplified emission spectroscopy are reviewed herein. In particular, the different formation patterns of the amplified emission spectra produced by an ultrafast laser are analyzed in detail. In addition, a brief introduction is given to the existing applications of amplified emission. Finally, both a conclusion and a perspective of the future for amplified emission are presented.
Reversible Encapsulation of Xenon and CH2Cl2 in a Solid‐State Molecular Organometallic Framework (Guest@SMOM)
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Antonio J. , Rees Nicholas H. , Weller Andrew S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReversible encapsulation of CH2Cl2 or Xe in a non‐porous solid‐state molecular organometallic framework of [Rh(Cy2PCH2PCy2)(NBD)][BArF4] occurs in single‐crystal to single‐crystal transformations. These processes are probed by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, including 129Xe SSNMR. Non‐covalent interactions with the ‐CF3 groups, and hydrophobic channels formed, of [BArF4]− anions are shown to be important, and thus have similarity to the transport of substrates and products to and from the active site in metalloenzymes.
Straightforward Synthesis and Properties of Highly Fluorescent [5]‐ and [7]‐Helical Dispiroindeno[2,1‐c]fluorenes
Authors: Kaiser Reinhard P. , Nečas David , Cadart Timothée , Gyepes Robert , Císařová Ivana , Mosinger Jiří , Pospíšil Lubomír , Kotora Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis work presents a general approach for synthesis of substituted [5]‐helical dispiroindeno[2,1‐c]fluorenes based on Rh‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclotrimerization of triynes. This approach was further extended for the first synthesis of configurationally stable [7]‐helical dispiroindeno[2,1‐c]fluorenes. A series of variously substituted derivatives was prepared and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were evaluated. Their fluorescence emission maxima were in the region of 351–428 nm and quantum yields up to 88 % are the highest measured among the full‐carbon helical compounds.
Exploring the Ability of Cyclic Peptides to Target SAM Domains: A Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Mercurio Flavia A. , Di Natale Concetta , Pirone Luciano , Vincenzi Marian , Marasco Daniela , De Luca Stefania , Pedone Emilia M. , Leone Marilisa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSterile alpha motif (SAM) domains are protein interaction modules with a helical fold. SAM–SAM interactions often adopt the mid‐loop (ML)/end‐helix (EH) model, in which the C‐terminal helix and adjacent loops of one SAM unit (EH site) bind the central regions of another SAM domain (ML site). Herein, an original strategy to attack SAM–SAM associations is reported. It relies on the design of cyclic peptides that target a region of the SAM domain positioned at the bottom side of the EH interface, which is thought to be important for the formation of a SAM–SAM complex. This strategy has been preliminarily tested by using a model system of heterotypic SAM–SAM interactions involving the erythropoietin‐producing hepatoma kinase A2 (EphA2) receptor and implementing a multidisciplinary plan made up of computational docking studies, experimental interaction assays (by NMR spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance techniques) and conformational analysis (by NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism). This work further highlights how only a specific balance between flexibility and rigidity may be needed to generate modulators of SAM–SAM interactions.
Adjustable Ternary FeCoNi Nanohybrids for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Yang , Wei Pengkun , Hao Zewei , Yu Qilin , Liu Huajie , Liu Lu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWater splitting as a greatly desired technology to produce clean renewable energy, but is hampered by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction. So, the development of highly active and durable water oxidation electrocatalysts is of primarily significance for energy conversion. Here, a facial strategy to synthesize FeCoNi nanohybrids with adjustable morphological structures by using fluorine is introduced. The morphology and electrocatalytic activity of the sample is determined by the innovative introduction of fluorine. Among them, the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 of the best sample is approximately 97 mV lower than the commercial RuO2 toward the oxygen evolution reaction in 1 m KOH. Additionally, the catalysts also have low Tafel slopes and remarkable stability.
A Convenient Synthesis of Difluoroalkyl Ethers from Thionoesters Using Silver(I) Fluoride
Authors: Newton Josiah , Driedger Daniel , Nodwell Matthew B. , Schaffer Paul , Martin Rainer E. , Britton Robert , Friesen Chadron M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerein we report the mild and rapid fluorodesulfurization of thionoesters using only silver(I) fluoride. This reaction demonstrates excellent functional group tolerance and complements existing strategies for difluoroalkyl ether synthesis, which rely on toxic and often dangerous reagents that demonstrate limited functional group compatibility. We additionally report the translation of this finding to the production of 18F‐labelled difluoroalkyl ethers using fluoride‐derived [18F]AgF. This new process should enable the synthesis of a wide range of difluoroalkyl ethers with applications in medicinal and materials chemistry, and radiotracer production.
Methode zur Erfassung von Stofftransport an fluiden Phasengrenzflächen
Authors: Schulz Andreas , Wecker Christian , Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEs wird eine auf finiten Volumen basierende Methode zur Erfassung von Stofftransportphänomenen an bewegten fluiden Grenzflächen vorgestellt. Sie ist geeignet, um ein System aus zwei Phasen und mehreren übergehenden Komponenten abzubilden. Für jede übergehende Komponente werden zwei Konzentrationsfelder definiert, wobei jedes in jeweils einer Phase physikalische Gültigkeit besitzt. Dieser Zweifeld‐Ansatz erlaubt die Formulierung von orts‐ und zeitabhängigen Randbedingungen an der Phasengrenzfläche. Die vorgestellte Methode wird anhand von drei verschiedenen Testfällen validiert, die einen Tropfen in einer kontinuierlichen flüssigen Phase beschreiben. Der Stofftransport mittels reiner Diffusion kann sehr gut abgebildet werden. Die Simulationsergebnisse für das bewegte System zeigen gute Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Daten.
Rethinking the definition of maternal near‐miss in low‐income countries using data from 104 health facilities in Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Pembe Andrea B. , Hirose Atsumi , Alwy Al‐beity Fadhlun , Atuhairwe Susan , Morris Jessica L. , Kaharuza Frank , Marrone Gaetano , Hanson Claudia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the consistency of maternal near‐miss incidence and mortality index between two definitions across 104 facilities in Tanzania and Uganda.MethodsBased on WHO guidance, cross‐sectional near‐miss data were collected in Tanzania (July 2015 to October 2016) and Uganda (June 2016 to September 2017). Prepartum hemorrhage and abortion were included as additional screening events and the number of blood units transfused was recorded. Near‐miss incidence and mortality index were determined by using two near‐miss definitions: the WHO standard definition, and a modified definition including women receiving at least 1 unit of blood. A sensitivity analysis excluded the additional screening events.ResultsNear‐miss incidence differed between Tanzania and Uganda (1.79 and 4.00, respectively, per 100 deliveries) when estimated by the standard definition, but was similar (5.24 and 4.94, respectively) by the modified definition. The mortality index was higher in Tanzania than in Uganda when estimated by the standard definition (8.56% vs 3.54%), but was similar by the modified definition (3.10% vs 2.89%).ConclusionThe modified definition provided a more consistent estimate of near‐miss incidence and mortality index. Lowering the threshold for units of blood transfusion might improve comparability between settings, but more research is needed.
The emerging roles of hnRNPK
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Qiu Heng , He Jianbo , Liu Langxia , Xue Wei , Fox Archa , Tickner Jennifer , Xu Jiake 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHeterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is an DNA/RNA‐binding protein and regulates a wide range of biological processes and disease pathogenesis. It contains 3 K‐homologous (KH) domains, which are conserved in other RNA‐binding proteins, mediate nucleic acid binding activity, and function as an enhancer or repressor of gene transcription. Phosphorylation of the protein alters its regulatory function, which also enables the protein to serve as a docking platform for the signal transduction proteins. In terms of the function of hnRNPK, it is central to many cellular events, including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulation, cancer development and bone homoeostasis. Many studies have identified hnRNPK as an oncogene, where it is overexpressed in cancer tissues compared with the nonneoplastic tissues and its expression level is related to the prognosis of different types of host malignancies. However, hnRNPK has also been identified as a tumour suppressor, as it is important for the activation of the p53/p21 pathway. Recently, the protein is also found to be exclusively related to the regulation of paraspeckles and lncRNAs such as Neat1, Lncenc1 and Xist. Interestingly, hnRNPK has been found to associate with the Kabuki‐like syndrome and Au‐Kline syndrome with prominent skeletal abnormalities. In vitro study revealed that the hnRNPK protein is essential for the formation of osteoclast, in line with its importance in the skeletal system.