bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Career Satisfaction in Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Career Commitment of Nurses in Nigeria: A Self‐Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Onyishi Ike E. , Enwereuzor Ibeawuchi K. , Ogbonna Martina N. , Ugwu Fabian O. , Amazue Lawrence O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to test how basic psychological needs satisfaction contributes to career commitment through career satisfaction among nurses.BackgroundThere is an increasing rate of turnover among nurses and a general shortage of nurses in many countries. This has made it necessary for researchers to focus on the career satisfaction of nurses and their commitment to their careers.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional design was employed in a survey of 233 nurses in public hospitals in southeastern Nigeria. Participants responded to self‐report measures of career commitment, career satisfaction, and work‐related basic needs satisfaction.FindingsIn the regression‐based path analysis, basic psychological needs satisfaction was positively related to career satisfaction (p < .001) and career commitment (p < .001) of nurses. Career satisfaction was positively related to career commitment (p < .05). Career satisfaction mediated the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and career commitment (95% confidence interval [.009, .068]).ConclusionsThe results show that basic psychological needs are relevant for employee commitment, giving support to the self‐determination theory. Career satisfaction provides further explanations for the relationship between psychological needs satisfaction and career commitment, although there could be reverse causal links.Clinical RelevanceThe results advance knowledge on how satisfaction of basic psychological needs can increase career satisfaction and foster more career commitment. Designing work environments that help employees to fulfil their basic psychological needs is important in the retention of nurses.
Perspectives of women experiencing Menorrhagia: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Kamaludin Seri Andani Nadimah , Zhang Xin Rong , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the perspectives and support needs of women experiencing menorrhagia in Singapore.BackgroundWomen with menorrhagia lack awareness regarding the severity of menorrhagia. There is a dearth of literature understanding the support needs of women with menorrhagia.DesignA descriptive qualitative study design was adopted. The Consolidated crieteria for Reportig Qualitative Research (COREQ) was used to report the findings of this study.MethodsThe study was conducted at a tertiary public hospital in Singapore from July 2017–October 2017. Semi‐structured interviews were used to collect data from 16 women who were diagnosed with menorrhagia. The total number of interviews was concluded based on data saturation. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts. The COREQ was used to report the findings of this study.ResultsParticipants reported that they were unaware about menorrhagia and its severity. Various internal and external factors influenced the participants’ awareness and understanding of menorrhagia. Although the participants received support to cope with menorrhagia, the support was deemed insufficient. The women shared that menorrhagia had affected their lives physically, emotionally, socially and financially. They used both external and internal coping mechanisms to cope with their conditions and looked for information through close contacts and the Internet. They longed to learn more about their conditions.ConclusionMultiethnic Singaporean women with menorrhagia lacked awareness about their conditions and the severity, which affected their lives negatively. There should be greater efforts to raise the public's awareness of menorrhagia so that women can seek medical help early and minimise its negative influence on their lives.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare providers need to pay greater attention to menorrhagia in order to provide more holistic care and support for those experiencing this condition. Healthcare professionals should understand their patients’ experiences with menorrhagia and evaluate their current support resources in order to create a strong support system.
State Physical Education Policy Changes From 2001 to 2016
Authors: Dauenhauer Brian , Keating Xiaofen , Stoepker Peter , Knipe Robert 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDState policies influence the quantity and quality of educational programs delivered in schools. This study examined state physical education policy changes from 2001 to 2016 by analyzing data reported in The Shape of the Nation Report.METHODSPolicies related to state mandates for physical education, time/credit requirements, assessment and fitness testing requirements, adoption of state standards, and allowance of substitutions were analyzed over 5 editions of the report using repeated measures statistics.RESULTSA majority of state physical education‐related policies have not changed over the past 15 years despite calls by numerous public health agencies for enhanced physical education in schools. There was, however, a significant increase in the number of states adopting teaching standards and requiring assessment and fitness testing in physical education, mirroring a broader shift in education toward standards, assessment, and accountability.CONCLUSIONSDespite improved rigor in physical education through the adoption of standards and assessment practices, physical education continues to be marginalized in schools by a lack of curricular time and inappropriate substitution policies. Stronger policies are needed for physical education to have a substantial impact on school health.
School Wellness in Wisconsin: Evaluating Policies for Practices to Prevent Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Weymouth Lindsay , Joyner Hilary , Skalitzky Erin , Cotter Avery , Engstrom Kellyn , Jorgensen Lauren 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined written language in Wisconsin school wellness policies (SWPs) for federal mandate compliance, quality related to obesity prevention, and school characteristics associated with variations in quality. This is the first near census of Wisconsin SWPs and examines whether adhering to federal mandates results in strong policies aimed at preventing pediatric obesity.METHODSPolicies were coded using the WellSAT 2.0. Policy quality was computed as comprehensiveness and strength based on 6 subscales and 2 overall scores. Variations in policy quality were examined by district size, free/reduced lunch percentage, and year of last revision.RESULTSWe received SWPs from 91% of districts. Six of the 8 federal mandates were addressed by the majority of districts, although less than one fourth addressed all. Most comprehensiveness scores were weak to moderate, and strength scores were weak. All school characteristics were significantly related to overall policy quality; effect sizes were small.CONCLUSIONSOur results confirm the necessity of statewide focus on SWP improvement and suggest that while districts may be meeting federal mandates related to pediatric obesity, few policies include health promotion practices beyond those required. Policies remain fragmented and lack focus on obesity prevention practices; we identify modifiable areas for improvement.
In pursuit of social meaning
Authors: Meyerhoff Miriam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMeaning and Linguistic Variation: The Third Wave in Sociolinguistics is a collection of works published in a variety of edited collections, journals, and conference proceedings. It also includes one unpublished conference paper. The collection traces the (ongoing) development of the concept of social meaning in language variation in 11 different papers. These are contextualized with personal reflections on variationist sociolinguistics and the profession of linguistics that frame each paper. This review article highlights some of the key themes in the collection: As well as social meaning itself, issues with style, clustering of variables, peripheral and core members of communities, and agency are discussed. Eckert's innovative proposal that variables can be differentiated on the basis of their relative “interiority” is considered, as is the assertion that linguistics transcends the referential properties of language to include the expressive and moral.
Auricular reconstruction
Authors: Cubitt Jonathan J , Chang Ling‐Yun , Liang Derek , Vandervord John , Marucci Damian D 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExternal ear abnormalities are common. These may affect ear shape, size, prominence and degree of development. They may also be associated with hearing loss. The early identification and management of hearing loss is essential. There are several options for reconstruction of the external ear using both autologous and non‐autologous techniques. The aim of this article is to outline the different reconstructive options.
Subjective sleep quality as a mediator in the relationship between pain severity and sustained attention performance in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Fang Su‐Chen , Wu Yu‐Lin , Chen Shih‐Ching , Teng Hao‐Wen , Tsai Pei‐Shan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPain severity and sleep are associated with cognitive performance in patients with fibromyalgia. This study examined whether sleep mediates the relationships of pain severity with psychomotor vigilance and attention in patients with fibromyalgia by analysing 80 patients with fibromyalgia. Cognitive performance, pain severity and sleep parameters were determined using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task, Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form and sleep diaries of seven consecutive nights, respectively. The patients’ demographic data were analysed for potential confounding factors. After adjustment for these confounders, a series of regression analyses was performed to examine the mediating role of sleep. The results indicated that higher pain severity was strongly associated with poorer sustained attention and lower sleep quality, the total effects of pain severity on psychomotor vigilance and attention were significant (c path: β = 0.23, p = 0.04), and pain severity was a significant sleep quality predictor (a path: β = −0.33, p < 0.01). When sleep quality was entered into the regression model (a × b path), the effects of pain severity on psychomotor vigilance and attention became non‐significant (c′ path: β = 0.15, p = 0.20) after adjustment of age, indicating a complete mediating effect of sleep quality in the pain severity–cognitive performance relationship. In conclusion, sleep quality mediates the pain severity–cognitive performance relationship: pain affects sleep quality, which in turn impairs sustained attention. Our findings provide further insight into the processes underlying the relationship between pain and poor cognitive function. Improved sleep quality may offset the detrimental effects of pain on sustained attention.
Post‐sigh sleep apneas in mice: Systematic review and data‐driven definition
Authors: Bastianini Stefano , Alvente Sara , Berteotti Chiara , Bosi Marcello , Lo Martire Viviana , Silvani Alessandro , Valli Alice , Zoccoli Giovanna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSleep apneas can be categorized as post‐sigh (prevailing in non‐rapid eye movement sleep) or spontaneous (prevailing in rapid eye movement sleep) according to whether or not they are preceded by an augmented breath (sigh). Notably, the occurrence of these apnea subtypes changes differently in hypoxic/hypercapnic environments and in some genetic diseases, highlighting the importance of an objective discrimination. We aim to: (a) systematically review the literature comparing the criteria used in categorizing mouse sleep apneas; and (b) provide data‐driven criteria for this categorization, with the final goal of reducing experimental variability in future studies. Twenty‐two wild‐type mice, instrumented with electroencephalographic/electromyographic electrodes, were placed inside a whole‐body plethysmographic chamber to quantify sleep apneas and sighs. Wake–sleep states were scored on 4‐s epochs based on electroencephalographic/electromyographic signals. Literature revision showed that highly different criteria were used for post‐sigh apnea definition, the intervals for apnea occurrence after sigh ranging from 1 breath up to 20 s. In our data, the apnea occurrence rate during non‐rapid eye movement sleep was significantly higher than that calculated before the sigh only in the 1st and 2nd 4‐s epochs following a sigh. These data suggest that, in mice, apneas should be categorized as post‐sigh only if they start within 8 s from a sigh; the choice of shorter or longer time windows might underestimate or slightly overestimate their occurrence rate, respectively.
Electronic health record year and country of birth testing and patient navigation to increase diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: de la Torre Andrew , Ahmad Maliha , Ayoub Farhan , Korogodsky Maria , Pichardo Norma , Green Lisa , Montesdeoca Angelo , McDowall Patricia , Danko Cherie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends hepatitis C testing people born from 1945 to 1965, “birth cohort” as well as hepatitis C and hepatitis B testing people from countries of birth with endemic infection risk. We automated the hospital electronic health record system to test birth cohort and those born in countries with endemic infection risk. A script is launched searching the laboratory database upon registration for any hepatitis C antibody, hepatitis C RNA and/or hepatitis B surface antigen result. If no positive result was found, a hepatitis C antibody/reflex RNA and/or hepatitis B surface antigen were ordered. A patient navigator received weekly results and assisted patients with positive serology to schedule an appointment with their primary care provider or treatment specialist. A total of 10 726 participants were hepatitis C antibody tested, with 6.9% antibody positive. Monthly hepatitis C testing from January to July 2016 compared to August 2016‐August 2017 increased 342% as a result of "birth cohort" testing. Following country of birth testing, monthly hepatitis B and hepatitis C testing increased 91%, and 44%, respectively, during June‐August 2017 compared to September 2017‐March 2018. 67% of hepatitis C‐positive patients were linked to care. If the navigator contacted the patient, 92% were linked to care, and 32% were treated. Of hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive patients, 43% were linked to care, 5% were on treatment, and 15% started treatment. Automated electronic health record ordering of hepatitis C and/or hepatitis B testing is feasible and increases testing. In the population tested, much improvement is needed with linkage to care and treatment.
Pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamics of morphine and its active metabolites in horses after intravenous administration of four doses
Authors: Hamamoto‐Hardman Briana D. , Steffey Eugene P. , Weiner Daniel , McKemie Daniel S. , Kass Philip , Knych Heather K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to describe and characterize the pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamic effects of morphine and its two major metabolites in horses following several doses of morphine. A total of ten horses were administered a single intravenous dose of morphine: 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mg/kg, or saline control. Blood samples were collected up to 72 hr, analyzed for morphine, and metabolites by LC/MS/MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Step count, heart rate and rhythm, gastrointestinal borborygmi, fecal output, packed cell volume, and total protein were also assessed. Morphine‐3 glucuronide (M3G) was the predominant metabolite detected, with concentrations exceeding those of morphine‐6 glucuronide (M6G) at all time points. Maximal concentrations of M3G and M6G ranged from 55.1 to 504 and 6.2 to 28.4 ng/ml, respectively, across dose groups. The initial assessment of morphine pharmacokinetics was done using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The volume of distribution at steady‐state and systemic clearance ranged from 9.40 to 16.9 L/kg and 23.3 to 32.4 ml min−1 kg−1, respectively. Adverse effects included signs of decreased gastrointestinal motility and increased central nervous excitation. There was a correlation between increasing doses of morphine, increases in M3G concentrations, and adverse effects. Findings from this study support direct administration of purified M3G and M6G to horses to better characterize the pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites and to assess pharmacodynamic activity of these metabolites.
Comparative efficacy of long‐term antibiotic treatments in the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Facciorusso Antonio , Papagiouvanni Ioanna , Cela Marina , Buccino Vincenzo R. , Sacco Rodolfo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsSeveral antibiotic treatments aiming to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients with low‐protein content in ascitic fluid have been tested; however, there are limited data on the comparative efficacy of these regimens. We assessed their comparative efficacy through a network meta‐analysis and using GRADE criteria to appraise quality of evidence.MethodsThrough literature review through October 2018, we identified 10 randomized controlled trials comparing antibiotic treatments (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifaximin) with each other or placebo. Primary outcome was SBP occurrence, with mortality rate and rate of other infections as secondary outcomes.ResultsIn comparison with placebo, moderate quality evidence supports the use of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in primary prophylaxis of SBP (risk ratio 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.56; P = 0.001 and 0.23; 0.07‐0.79; P = 0.02 respectively) while only low quality evidence suggests superiority of rifaximin (risk ratio 0.15; 0.05‐0.42). When antimicrobial agents were compared to each other, no significant difference was found. With regard to mortality, moderate quality supports the superiority of norfloxacin over placebo (risk ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47‐0.99; P = 0.04), while ciprofloxacin and rifaximin showed only a non‐significant benefit and no significant difference was found in the other comparisons. None of the tested antibiotics proved to significantly decrease the rate of other infections.ConclusionsNorfloxacin appears to have significant benefit both in terms of SBP prevention and mortality; ciprofloxacin represents a valuable option although without a clear survival benefit. Rifaximin shows interesting results but needs to be tested in further trials.
The role of toll‐like receptor 4 and mast cell in the ameliorating effect of electroacupuncture on visceral hypersensitivity in rats
Authors: Yang Juan , Shang Boxin , Shi Haitao , Zhu Shanshan , Lu Guolong , Dai Fei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundVisceral hypersensitivity is one of the main pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and mast cell activation is closely related to visceral hypersensitivity. As a critical molecule of the innate immune system, toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) may modulate the activation of mast cell. Alleviating effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on visceral hypersensitivity has been proved, whereas, whether the TLR4 and mast cell is involved in this process remains unclear.MethodsForty Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group, EA group, sham EA group, and mast cell stabilizer (MCS) group. Visceral sensitivity during colorectal distension was assessed by the measurement of visceral motor reflex (VMR). TLR4 mRNA and protein expression were assessed by real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Mast cell number and mast cell tryptase (MCT) expression were detected. The level of inflammatory cytokine in serum was detected with ELISA.Key ResultsVisceral sensitivity was significantly higher in the model group than in the control group. EA and MCS significantly reduced VMR score at 0.8 mL and 1.2 mL distention pressures. Compared with model group, TLR4 mRNA expression, the protein expression of TLR4 and MCT, and the number of mast cells with degranulation in the colonic tissue, serum concentration of IL‐1β and IL‐8 were all significantly decreased in EA and MCS group.Conclusions & InferencesElectroacupuncture ameliorated visceral hypersensitivity in colon‐sensitized model probably via decreasing the level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines released by mast cell which were decreased when the TLR4 expression in the colonic tissue was downregulated by EA.
DNA methylation in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Aguilar‐Cruz Adolfo , Grimanelli Daniel , Haseloff Jim , Arteaga‐Vázquez Mario Alberto 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMethylation of DNA is an epigenetic mechanism for the control of gene expression. Alterations in the regulatory pathways involved in the establishment, perpetuation and removal of DNA methylation can lead to severe developmental alterations. Our understanding of the mechanistic aspects and relevance of DNA methylation comes from remarkable studies in well‐established angiosperm plant models including maize and Arabidopsis. The study of plant models positioned at basal lineages opens exciting opportunities to expand our knowledge on the function and evolution of the components of DNA methylation. In this Tansley Insight, we summarize current progress in our understanding of the molecular basis and relevance of DNA methylation in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.
DNA methylation repatterning accompanying hybridization, whole genome doubling and homoeolog exchange in nascent segmental rice allotetraploids
Authors: Li Ning , Xu Chunming , Zhang Ai , Lv Ruili , Meng Xinchao , Lin Xiuyun , Gong Lei , Wendel Jonathan F. , Liu Bao 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Allopolyploidization, which entails interspecific hybridization and whole genome duplication (WGD), is associated with emergent genetic and epigenetic instabilities that are thought to contribute to adaptation and evolution. One frequent genomic consequence of nascent allopolyploidization is homoeologous exchange (HE), which arises from compromised meiotic fidelity and generates genetically and phenotypically variable progenies.

Here, we used a genetically tractable synthetic rice segmental allotetraploid system to interrogate genome‐wide DNA methylation and gene expression responses and outcomes to the separate and combined effects of hybridization, WGD and HEs.

Progenies of the tetraploid rice were genomically diverse due to genome‐wide HEs that affected all chromosomes, yet they exhibited overall methylome stability. Nonetheless, regional variation of cytosine methylation states was widespread in the tetraploids. Transcriptome profiling revealed genome‐wide alteration of gene expression, which at least in part associates with changes in DNA methylation. Intriguingly, changes of DNA methylation and gene expression could be decoupled from hybridity and sustained and amplified by HEs.

Our results suggest that HEs, a prominent genetic consequence of nascent allopolyploidy, can exacerbate, diversify and perpetuate the effects of allopolyploidization on epigenetic and gene expression variation, and hence may contribute to allopolyploid evolution.