bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creativity in persons at‐risk for bipolar disorder—A pilot study
Authors: Burkhardt Eva , Pfennig Andrea , Breitling Gwendolin , Pfeiffer Steffi , Sauer Cathrin , Bechdolf Andreas , Correll Christoph U. , Bauer Michael , Leopold Karolina 
Published: October 2018

AimThe association between bipolar disorder and creativity may be related to symptoms of the disorder itself or personality traits present before the onset. To further explore the relationship between creativity and clinical risk for bipolar disorder, creativity among individuals with a history of depressive disorder and varying risk for future (hypo‐)manic episodes was assessed and compared.MethodsThirty‐eight participants completed the diagnostic process, including Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) Diagnosis, Hamilton Depression Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale. The early detection tools Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Interview and Scale‐Prospective (BPSS‐P), Early Phase Inventory for Bipolar Disorders (EPIbipolar) and bipolar‐at‐risk‐(BAR) criteria were used to assign participants into different at‐risk groups. Assessment of creativity included Barron‐Welsh Art Scale (BWAS) and Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ). Scores were compared between low‐ and high‐risk groups for the development of bipolar disorder.ResultsParticipants meeting BAR criteria scored significantly higher on the BWAS than the non‐BAR group (P = 0.03). EPIbipolar groups did not differ significantly in creativity scores. Participants with mood swings, especially when associated with increased activity and euphoric features, had significantly higher BWAS scores compared to individuals without mood swings (P = 0.04). Sleep disturbances, substance abuse, anxiety, ADHD and behavioural disturbances in childhood or adolescence had no effect on creativity level or achievement scores. Generalisability was reduced by small sample size and inclusion of depressive participants only considered at‐risk for bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThere is evidence of increased creativity, but not of higher creative achievements, in persons at‐risk of bipolar disorder. Mood swings are strongly associated with creativity.
Does an integrated outreach intervention targeting multiple stages of early psychosis improve the identification of individuals at clinical high risk?
Authors: McIlwaine Sarah V. , Jordan Gerald , Pruessner Marita , Malla Ashok , Faridi Kia , Iyer Srividya N. , Joober Ridha , Shah Jai L. 
Published: October 2018

AimsTo explore the impact of a targeted case identification intervention, with training and education regarding first‐episode psychosis and clinical high‐risk syndromes, on the referral and identification of those at high risk.MethodsUsing a historical control design, referral information from pre‐intervention and post‐intervention periods was collected via administrative data and clinician notes from a catchment‐based early psychosis service.ResultsA significant increase in the number of referrals sent to the service's clinical high‐risk unit was observed following the intervention (P = 0.01). The proportion of referrals eligible was significantly higher post‐intervention (P = 0.03), with the majority (26/44, 59.1%) referred via the first‐episode psychosis service unit.ConclusionsAn integrated outreach intervention for both first‐episode psychosis and the clinical high‐risk state was effective in increasing referrals of eligible cases to the service's at‐risk unit. Rather than being stage‐specific, targeted case identification strategies and service integration should span across the early stages of psychosis.
Relationship between renal CD68+ infiltrates and the Oxford Classification of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Soares Maria F , Genitsch Vera , Chakera Aron , Smith Andrew , MacEwen Clare , Bellur Shubha S , Alham Nasullah K , Roberts Ian S D 
Published: October 2018

AimsThe Oxford Classification E score (endocapillary hypercellularity) predicts renal functional decline in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients free from steroid/immunosuppressive (IS) therapy, but is poorly reproducible. We hypothesise that endocapillary hypercellularity reflects glomerular inflammation and that the presence of CD68‐positive cells is a more robust marker of E score.Methods and resultsCD68‐positive cells were quantified in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium in biopsies from 118 IgAN patients, and cell counts were correlated with the criteria of the Oxford Classification, assigned on PAS‐stained serial sections. There was a strong correlation between median glomerular CD68 count and the percentage of glomeruli showing endocapillary hypercellularity (r = 0.67; P < 0.001; r2 = 0.45), while there was no correlation between CD68‐positive cells and mesangial hypercellularity, % segmental sclerosis, % of crescents and % tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that a maximum glomerular CD68 count of 6 is the best cut‐off for distinguishing E0 from E1 (sensitivity 94.1%, specificity 71%, area under the curve = 89%). Identification of biopsies with a maximum glomerular CD68‐count >6 was reproducible (kappa score 0.8), and there was a strong correlation between glomerular CD68 counts obtained by conventional light microscopy and by image analysis (r = 0.80, r2 = 0.64, P < 0.0001). Digital image analysis revealed that tubulointerstitial CD68‐positive cells correlated moderately with % TA/IF (r = 0.59, r2 = 0.35, P < 0.001) and GFR at the time of biopsy (r = 0.54, r2 = 0.29, P < 0.0001), but not with mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity.ConclusionsWhile glomerular CD68‐positive cells emerge as markers of endocapillary hypercellularity, their tubulointerstitial counterparts are associated with chronic damage.
Neuroendocrine proliferations in inflammatory bowel disease: differentiating neuroendocrine tumours from neuroendocrine cell micronests
Authors: Wong Mary , Larson Brent K , Dhall Deepti 
Published: October 2018

AimsA wide spectrum of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine proliferations (NEPs) are observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ranging from neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) to microscopic neuroendocrine cell clusters, best described as neuroendocrine cell micronests (NCMs). Finding NCMs in surveillance biopsies of IBD patients often poses a diagnostic conundrum. While such lesions may have been referred to as ‘microcarcinoids’ in the literature, it is unclear whether these represent early neoplasms. The study was undertaken to characterise NCMs and to differentiate NCMs from NETs.Methods and resultsInstitutional surgical pathology archives were searched to identify cases of NEPs in IBD patients. Clinicopathological features were examined. NCMs were defined as scattered, indistinct neuroendocrine cell clusters without confluent growth or new stroma formation, located in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. NETs were defined as discrete, mass‐forming lesions. Seventeen NEPs were identified, including eight NCMs and nine NETs. All NEPs were incidentally discovered. While NETs were commonly found in the rectum and appendix, NCMs were only noted in the rectosigmoid area. Unlike NETs, NCMs could not be measured as a discrete lesion as these clusters were non‐confluent and scattered. None of the patients with NCMs developed NETs after a mean follow‐up of 4.1 years (range = 0.5–21.0 years). None of the NETs showed NCMs in the background mucosa.ConclusionsNCMs have distinct pathological features, are not associated with NETs in IBD patients and should not be misinterpreted as ‘microcarcinoids’. Identification of NCMs in surveillance biopsies may not require further clinical work‐up or invasive procedures usually performed for NETs.
Synthesis of silica aerogel thin sheets and evaluation of its thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties
Authors: Yoo Jeong Kun , Wagle Roshan , Lee Chang Woo , Lee Eun Yong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSilica aerogels are excellent thermal and acoustic insulators because of interconnected open nanopores with more than 90% porosity and higher surface area. Silica aerogel is derived by sol‐gel process and dried under super‐critical, sub‐critical or ambient pressure conditions. Thin silica aerogel sheets could be effective thermal insulators but high fragility hinders the wider applications. We have successfully developed a synthesis method for thin, flexible, and non‐fragile aerogel sheets with excellent hydrophobicity, lower thermal conductivity, and non‐combustible properties via ambient drying method. The silica aerogel sheets prepared compose of silica aerogel powder, fiber glass chopped strands, and solvent‐based binder. Aerogel thin insulation sheets of thickness 164 μm were prepared by pressing through rollers using aerogel paste composed of aerogel powder, fiber glass strands, and binders. The thermal conductivity values obtained were between 0.02~0.63 W/mK at temperature 25~400°C, contact angle θ = 121‘, weight loss 3.91% when heated up to 800°C in air, dielectric voltage breakdown 3.67 kV, dielectric strength 6.37 kV/mm and tensile strength of 2.65 N/mm². The overall thermal, electrical, and mechanical evaluation of aerogel thin insulation sheet showed they have higher potential to replace existing thick and bulky aerogel composites as thermal and electrical insulators in aviation, automobiles, electronics, and high power batteries.
Addition of the C‐terminus of CD6 to a chimeric antigen receptor enhances cytotoxicity and does not compromise expression
Authors: Breuning Johannes , Philip Brian , Brown Marion H. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryT cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are a promising new cancer immunotherapy that has now reached the clinic. CARs are synthetic receptors that redirect T cells towards a tumour‐associated antigen and activate them through various fused signalling regions, for example derived from CD3ζ, 4‐1BB or CD28. Analysis of the optimal combination of CAR components including signalling domains is not yet comprehensive and may vary with the particular application. The C‐terminus of the T‐cell surface receptor CD6 is critical for its co‐stimulatory effects and signals through two phospho‐tyrosine motifs that bind to the intracellular adaptor proteins GADS and SLP‐76. Addition of the C terminus of CD6 did not compromise CAR expression, showing it was a stable moiety that can be used independently of the native receptor. A third‐generation CAR containing 4‐1BB, CD3ζ and the C terminus of CD6 (4‐1BBz‐CD6) enhanced interferon‐γ release and cytotoxicity when compared with the second‐generation 4‐1BB CD3ζ (4‐1BBz) CAR. The CD6 C terminus is a valuable addition to potential components for modular design of CARs to improve effector function, particularly cytotoxicity.
Teething symptoms in children with congenital Zika syndrome: A 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Cavalcanti Alidianne Fábia Cabral , Aguiar Yêska Paola Costa , de Oliveira Melo Adriana Suely , de Freitas Leal Jeime Iara Bezerra , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite , Cavalcanti Sergio d’Ávila Lins Bezerra 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe eruption of primary teeth represents a stage of many challenges for parents.AimTo investigate the occurrence of signs and symptoms related to the eruption of the primary dentition in children with congenital Zika syndrome.DesignLongitudinal study developed with 79 children followed up for a period of 24 months. Data on sex, gestational age, low birthweight, microcephaly, signs and symptoms related to the dental eruption phase, and use and type of medication were collected. Data were presented by descriptive and inferential statistics (chi‐square test).ResultsThe majority (94.9%) exhibited simultaneously two or more signs and symptoms related to dental eruption. Increased salivation (91.1%), irritability (86.1%), and gingival itching (83.5%) were the most commonly reported signs and symptoms. Bivariate analysis showed association between elevation of body temperature and sex (P < 0.05). Almost two‐thirds of mothers (63.3%) reported using medication to relieve symptoms presented by the child; however, the use of topical medication prevailed (57.1%).ConclusionAll children with congenital Zika syndrome presented manifestations related to the eruption of primary teeth, with increased salivation, irritability, and gingival pruritus. The use of ointments and gels was the option of mothers in the treatment of the oral discomfort presented by infants.
Synthesis and characterization of (Zr1/3Nb1/3Ti1/3)C metal carbide solid‐solution ceramic
Authors: Ye Beilin , Chu Yanhui , Huang Kehan , Liu Da 
Published: October 2018

Abstract(Zr1/3Nb1/3Ti1/3)C metal carbide solid‐solution ceramic has been successfully fabricated by hot pressing sintering at 2473 K using ZrC, NbC, and TiC powders as raw materials. The results show that the as‐prepared solid‐solution ceramic possesses a single rock‐salt crystal structure of metal carbides and simultaneously exhibits high compositional uniformity from nanoscale to microscale. By taking advantage of these unique features, it shows relatively high hardness of 38.8 ± 4.4 Gpa and elastic modulus of 481.8 ± 31.0 Gpa and relatively low thermal conductivity of 17.1 ± 0.3 W/(m·K) and thermal diffusivity of 6.1 ± 0.1 mm2/s, which may attribute primarily to the presence of solid solution effects.
Building submicron crystalline piezoceramics: One‐step pressureless sintering partially amorphized nanopowder
Authors: Yue Yunge , Hou Yudong , Zheng Mupeng , Fu Jing , Zhu Mankang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe key to miniaturization of piezoelectric devices is to build high‐performance fine‐grained piezoceramics. Although the preparation of fine‐grained ceramics can be achieved by hot press sintering or spark plasma sintering, complex processes, and high costs hinder the popularization of such technologies. In this work, a one‐step conventional pressureless sintering technique based on partially amorphized nano‐precursors has been proposed for low‐cost preparation of submicron‐structured ceramics. Using this technology, 0.36BiScO3–0.64PbTiO3 ceramics with an average particle size of 170 nm and a relative density of 95% can be prepared at temperature as low as 900°C, while the samples still have excellent piezoelectric properties (d33 = 220 pC/N, g33 = 40 × 10−3 Vm/N). In the process of sintering partially amorphized nano‐precursors, the initial densification rate is faster than the grain growth rate, which can be attributed to two effects promoting low temperature densification, one is the liquid phase sintering mechanism associated with the amorphous phase, and the other is the filling effect of small particles deposited at the grain boundaries. This work is simple and easy to implement, and it is expected to be extended to the preparation of other types of fine‐grained ceramics.
Tailoring particle alignment and grain orientation during tape casting and templated grain growth
Authors: Walton Rebecca L. , Vaudin Mark D. , Hofer Anna‐Katharina , Kupp Elizabeth R. , Meyer Richard J. , Messing Gary L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe quality of crystallographic alignment in textured ceramics produced by tape casting and templated grain growth (TGG) has been little studied despite its demonstrated impact on magnetic, piezoelectric, and optical properties. Physical and crystallographic alignment of anisotropic template particles is shown to be directly linked to the casting rate, gap height, and casting viscosity during tape casting. These parameters are shown to affect the shape and magnitude of the shear rate profile under the doctor blade during casting which in turn causes a gradient in the torque acting on anisotropic particles. The magnitude of the torque, the time the slurry is exposed to torque during casting, and the ratio of casting height to template diameter are demonstrated to enable the particle alignment process to be tailored to produce well‐aligned template particles. Crystallographic alignment of the textured ceramic was quantified by grain misalignment angle (full width at half maximum, FWHM) and degree of orientation (r) and is directly correlated with the degree of torque during casting. High‐quality alignment (FWHM = 4.5°; r = 0.13) was demonstrated in the model TGG system consisting of submicrometer alumina and 5 vol% 11 μm diameter template platelet particles.
Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Older Adults: Deprescribing with a Clinical Pharmacist
Authors: Ammerman Catherine A. , Simpkins Brent A. , Warman Nora , Downs Tara N. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the effects of a Geriatric Patient‐Aligned Care Team (GeriPACT) on deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in individuals aged 80 and older with usual care (UC) in the Veterans Affairs setting.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingVeterans Affairs Medical Center in Lexington, Kentucky.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 80 and older who filled a PIM at least 90 days before a GeriPACT or primary care appointment between January 1, 2015, and September 6, 2017 (N = 568).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was to determine whether an interdisciplinary team (IDT) including a clinical pharmacy specialist (CPS) resulted in greater deprescribing of PIMs for older adults than UC.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐one (26.8%) PIMs were deprescribed in GeriPACT, compared with 73 (16.1%) in UC (p = <.001). Of PIMs not deprescribed, 9.7% (n = 32) were dose reduced in GeriPACT, versus 2.8% (n = 11) in UC (p < .001). Documentation of risk versus benefit discussion between a provider and participant or pharmacist and participant occurred with 65.2% (n = 215) of PIMs not deprescribed in GeriPACT and 0.003% (n = 1) in UC (p < .001).ConclusionAn IDT that included a CPS led to significantly more deprescribing of PIMs in older veterans. Including a CPS on an IDT for the management of older adults can decrease PIM use in our rapidly growing aging population. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:115–118, 2019.
Changes in neurosteroidogenesis during demyelination and remyelination in cuprizone‐treated mice
Authors: Leicaj María L. , Pasquini Laura A. , Lima Analia , Gonzalez Deniselle Maria C. , Pasquini Juana M. , De Nicola Alejandro F. , Garay Laura I. 
Published: October 2018

Changes of neurosteroids may be involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study investigated whether changes of neurosteroidogenesis also occurred in the grey and white matter regions of the brain in mice subjected to cuprizone‐induced demyelination. Accordingly, we compared the expression of neurosteroidogenic proteins, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC) and 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), as well as neurosteroidogenic enzymes, including the side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase and 5α‐reductase (5α‐R), during the demyelination and remyelination periods. Using immunohistochemistry and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated a decreased expression of StAR, P450scc and 5α‐R with respect to an increase astrocytic and microglial reaction and elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α during the cuprizone demyelination period in the hippocampus, cortex and corpus callosum. These parameters, as well as the glial reaction, were normalised after 2 weeks of spontaneous remyelination in regions containing grey matter. Conversely, persistent elevated levels of TNFα and low levels of StAR and P450scc were observed during remyelination in corpus callosum white matter. We conclude that neurosteroidogenesis/myelination status and glial reactivity are inversely related in the hippocampus and neocortex. Establishing a cause and effect relationship for the measured variables remains a future challenge for understanding the pathophysiology of MS.
THE EMPIRICAL MERIT OF STRUCTURAL EXPLANATIONS OF COMMODITY PRICE VOLATILITY: REVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Legrand Nicolas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents both the history of and state‐of‐the‐art in empirical modeling approaches to the world commodity price volatility. The analysis builds on the storage model and key milestones in its development. Specifically, it is intended to offer a reader unfamiliar with the relevant literature an insight into the modeling issues at stake from both a historical and speculative viewpoint. The review considers primarily the empirical techniques designed to assess the merits of the storage theory; it does not address purely statistical approaches that do not rely on storage theory and that have been studied in depth in other streams of the commodity price literature. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research to try to resolve some of the existing empirical flaws, and hopefully to increase the explanatory power of the storage model.
Acutely induced cell mortality in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae) following exposure to acrylic resin nanoparticles
Authors: Widyaningrum Dwiyantari , Iida Daisuke , Tanabe Yuma , Hayashi Yasuko , Kurniasih Sari Dewi , Ohama Takeshi 
Published: October 2018

Nanoparticles have unique properties that make them attractive for use in industrial and medical technology industries but can also be harmful to living organisms, making an understanding of their molecular mechanisms of action essential. We examined the effect of three different sized poly(isobutyl‐cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (iBCA‐NPs) on the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We found that exposure to iBCA‐NPs immediately caused C. reinhardtii to display abnormal swimming behaviors. Furthermore, after one hour, most of the cells had stopped swimming and 10%–30% of cells were stained with trypan blue, suggesting that these cells had severely impaired plasma membranes. Observation of the cyto‐ultrastructure showed that the cell walls had been severely damaged and that many iBCA‐NPs were located in the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane, as well as inside the cytosol in some cases. A comparison of three strains of C. reinhardtii with different cell wall conditions further showed that the cell mortality ratio increased more rapidly in the absence of a cell wall. Interestingly, cell mortality over time was essentially identical regardless of iBCA‐NP size if the total surface area was the same. Furthermore, direct observation of the trails of iBCA‐NPs indicated that the first trigger was their contact with the cell wall, which is most likely accompanied by the inactivation or removal of adsorbed proteins from the cell wall surface. Cell mortality was accompanied by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which was detected more readily in cells grown under constant light rather than in the dark.