bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Manifestations of Orbital Mass Lesions at the Jules Stein Eye Institute, 1999-2003
Authors: Simon Guy J Ben , Yoon Michael K , Jane Atul , Nakra Tanuj , McCann John D , Goldberg Robert A 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical manifestations, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes of orbital mass lesions at a tertiary care referral center.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: All cases of newly diagnosed or referred orbital tumors at the Jules Stein Eye Institute from 1999 to 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the electronic oculoplastics registry of the Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery.
* RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-nine cases of orbital mass lesions were evaluated (167 males and 202 females; mean age = 48 years). The most common presenting symptoms were mass/proptosis, pain, swelling, inflammation, and diplopia. The most common categories of diagnosis were cystic or structural lesions, benign tumors, inflammatory processes, neuronal processes, and fibrous processes. Increasing age was associated with an increased incidence of primary and metastatic malignant tumors. Half of all cases required surgical intervention consisting of excision, debulking, or exenteration; 20% to 30% of cases were managed conservatively.
* CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis of orbital mass lesions differs across age groups. No clinical sign or symptom is specific for the underlying diagnosis and the biological behavior of the abnormal process may be misleading. Therefore, a careful diagnostic approach that considers the benefit of imaging studies must be undertaken. Almost 50% of these mass lesions can be managed with nonsurgical intervention.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:25-32.]
Vitrectomy for Stage 1 Macular Holes Identified by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Subramanian Manju L , Truong Steven N , Rogers Adam H , Duker Jay S , Reichel Elias , Baumal Caroline R 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of patients with decreased vision secondary to stage 1 macular hole confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) that failed to spontaneously resolve with observation. To determine whether current surgical techniques can prevent progression to a full-thickness macular hole and lead to improved visual acuity.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, comparative case series presenting patient demographics, duration of symptoms, timing of surgery, preoperative and postoperative vision, and clinical outcome based on examination and OCT.
* RESULTS: Five eyes of five patients with stage 1 macular holes identified on OCT required surgical repair. All eyes showed anatomic closure and lack of progression to a full-thickness hole confirmed by OCT after one procedure. Mean preoperative visual acuity was 20/102 (range, 20/50 to 20/200) and mean post-operative visual acuity was 20/52 (range, 20/25 to 20/200). Average improvement for all five eyes was 3 Snellen lines, with four of the five (80%) improving 5 lines each.
* CONCLUSION: In symptomatic eyes with stage 1 macular holes that fail to spontaneously resolve with observation, vitrectomy with intraocular gas tamponade may prevent progression to a full-thickness hole and lead to improved visual acuity.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:42-46.]
Transpupillary Thermotherapy Alone and Enhanced by Standard Doses of Indocyanine Green in Pigmented Rabbits
Authors: Mattos Reginaldo M , Nehemy Márcio B , Magalhães Érika P , Pedrosa Moisés 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the chorioretinal effects of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and TTT enhanced by standard doses of indocyanine green (ICG) in pigmented rabbits.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 25 eyes, two retinal areas were irradiated using identical subthreshold diode laser irradiation. The subthreshold diode laser irradiation level was first determined using the other eye. ICG (0.5 mg/kg) was injected before irradiation of the second area. Red-free photographs, fluorescein angiography, and ICG videoangiography were performed after TTT. Specimens were prepared for light microscopy.
* RESULTS: In 35% of the cases, ICG videoangiography revealed a hypofluorescent spot in the area irradiated after injection of ICG that disappeared after ICG re-injection. None of the areas irradiated before ICG injection were hypofluorescent. Red-free photographs and fluorescein angiography were normal in most cases. Light microscopy demonstrated patent choriocapillaris and choroid in most areas.
* CONCLUSIONS: Subthreshold TTT, whether enhanced by ICG or not, did not cause significant choroidal or choriocapillaris vascular occlusion. Standard doses of ICG had no significant effect on TTT.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:47-53.]
Intraoperative Management of Nonfunctioning Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implant
Authors: Setabutr Pete , Bell Nicholas P , Feldman Robert M 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 62-year-old woman with neovascular glaucoma underwent filtering surgery with the Ahmed glaucoma valve (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA). Intraoperative hypotony secondary to a defective valve was noted and managed by excising the valve mechanism. The implant was then treated as if it was non-valved by placement of an obturator suture. The postoperative course was unremarkable for a non-valved implant. This case demonstrates how intraoperative hypotony secondary to overfiltration of an Ahmed glaucoma valve implant can be successfully managed by converting to a non-valved implant.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:62-64.]
Neodymium:YAG Laser Anterior Capsulotomy for Capsular Contraction Syndrome
Authors: Deokule Sumil P , Mukherjee Subhanjan S , Chew Chris K S 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study presents the outcome of neodymium:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy for capsular contraction syndrome, the safety profile and effectiveness of which are unclear.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records of 32 patients with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. The procedure was considered successful if all of the following criteria were met: centered intraocular lens (IOL) or no obvious change in IOL centration post-capsulotomy; no evidence of re-phimosis in the follow-up period; and no further requirement for surgical intervention due to capsular contraction syndrome in the follow-up period or complications were recorded.
* RESULTS: The procedure was successful in 25 cases (78%). Failed cases (n = 7, 22.0%) included 5 cases of re-phimosis and 2 cases with progressive IOL decentration. The failure rate was higher in cases with preoperative IOL decentration (P < .01).
* CONCLUSION: Neodymium:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy was successful in the majority of cases. The failure rate was higher with preoperative IOL decentration.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:99105.]
Intracameral 2.3% Sodium Hyaluronate to Treat Postoperative Hypotony in Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Altangerel Undraa , Rai Sushma , Fontanarosa Joann , Master Marlene R 
Published: January 2019

m BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intracameral use of Healon5 (2.3% sodium hyaluronate) (Advanced Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA) in patients with hypotony.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients with glaucoma who had hypotony for at least 7 days were prospectively recruited. Indications for the intracameral injection of Healon5 were an intraocular pressure (IOP) of less than 6 mm Hg with negative results on Seidel test.
* RESULTS: The mean IOP readings at baseline, 1 to 2 weeks post-injection, and 4 to 6 weeks post-injection were 3.8 ± 1.58, 6.58 ± 2.62, and 6.50 ± 2.24 mm Hg, respectively. The increase in IOP at both follow-up points was significant (P < .01). The visual acuity improvement was small but significant at the 4 to 6 week point (P = .05).
In the early-onset cases, IOP increased significantly from baseline at both follow-up points (P < .05), but visual acuity did not. No significant change from baseline IOP or visual acuity occurred among the late-onset cases. The existing hypotony-related conditions consistently improved by the 4 to 6 week point.
* CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral injection of Healon5 raised IOP more in early-onset hypotony cases than in late-onset cases. Although the improvements in IOP and visual acuity were statistically significant, the overall clinical picture did not change because the endpoint IOP was still hypotonus. Twenty percent of the patients had IOP spikes that required medical treatment.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:106111.]
Tear Meniscus Evaluation by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Barboni Piero , Zanini Maurizio 
Published: January 2019

m BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of optical coherence tomography to visualize the inferior tear meniscus and measure its height.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven eyes (27 patients) with aqueous tear deficiency were compared with 20 eyes (20 patients) with normal tear secretion (control group). After the instrument was focused on the ocular surface, a 4-mm long vertical scan, centered on the lower tear meniscus at corneal 6 o'clock hours, was obtained using optical coherence tomography. Tear meniscus height was measured by means of an external application.
* RESULTS: Mean tear meniscus height was significandy lower (P < .0001) in patients with aqueous tear deficiency (mean ± standard deviation: 0.13 ± 0.07 mm) than in the control group (mean ± standard deviation: 0.25 ± 0.08 mm).
* CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography can be used to noninvasively visualize the inferior tear meniscus. This method seems able to discriminate between patients with normal and dry eyes when measuring tear meniscus height.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:1 12-1 18.]
Variation in the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ)-denitrifying bacterial community in different primary succession stages in the Hailuogou Glacier retreat area, China
Authors: Bai Yan , Huang Xiying , Zhou Xiangrui , Xiang Quanju , Zhao Ke , Yu Xiumei , Chen Qiang , Jiang Hao , Tashi Nyima , Gao Xue , Gu Yunfu 
Published: January 2019

Background: The Hailuogou Glacier in the Gongga Mountain region (SW China), on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, is well known for its low-elevation modern glaciers. Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), the Hailuogou Glacier has retreated continuously due to global warming, primary vegetation succession and soil chronosequence have developed in this retreat area. The retreated area of Hailuogou Glacier has not been strongly disturbed by human activities, thus it is an ideal models for exploring the biological colonization of nitrogen in the primary successional stages of ecosystem. The nosZ gene encodes the catalytic center of nitrous oxide reductase and is an ideal molecular marker in studying the variation in the denitrifying bacterial community.
Methods: Soil properties as well as abundance and composition of the denitrifying bacterial community were determined via chemical analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), respectively. The relationships between the nosZ denitrifying bacterial community and soil properties were determined using redundancy analysis (RDA). Soil properties, potential denitrify activity (PDA), and the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ)-denitrifying bacterial communities significantly differed among successional stages.
Results: Soil properties, potential denitrify activity (PDA), and the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ)-denitrifying bacterial communities significantly differed among successional stages. Soil pH in the topsoil decreased from 8.42 to 7.19 in the course of primary succession, while soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) gradually increased with primary succession. Available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK), as well as potential denitrify activity (PDA), increased gradually and peaked at the 40-year-old site. The abundance of the nosZ denitrifying bacterial community followed a similar trend. The variation in the denitrifying community composition was complex; Mesorhizobium dominated the soil in the early successional stages (0-20 years) and in the mature phase (60 years), with a relative abundance greater than 55%. Brachybacterium was increased in the 40-year-old site, with a relative abundance of 62.74%, while Azospirillum dominated the early successional stages (0-20 years). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the nosZ denitrifying bacterial community correlated with soil available phosphorus and available potassium levels (P < 0.01).
Transformational Utopian/Dystopian Projections in Turkish Literature: Teleandregenos Ütopyasında Evlilik Hayatı by Adam Şenel / Transformatsioonilised utoopia/düstoopia projektsioonid türgi kirjanduses: Adam Şeneli „Teleandregenos Ütopyasında Evlilik Haya
Authors: Atasoy Emrah 
Published: January 2019

This article aims to inform international scholars about the existence of an utopian tradition in Turkish literature and explicates the increasing interest in utopian literature in Turkey. The first part of the article presents an insight into the literary and historical progress of the Turkish utopian tradition within the context of a tradition that is predominantly western. The second part engages in a critical and thematic analysis of Adam Şenel’s novella, Teleandregenos Ütopyasında Evlilik Hayatı, first published in 1968 by Bizim Publishing House. It can be translated as Marriage Life in Teleandregenos’s Utopia. In this article, the 2003 version is used and cited.

Utopistlik kirjandus köidab jätkuvalt laiu lugejate hulki paljudes kultuurides, sest see kujutab erisuguseid maailmakordi, millest mõned võivad muutuda tegelikkuseks selleks spetsiaalselt moodustatud kogukondades, teised aga jäävad väljamõeldiste valda, kuid pakuvad siiski vaateid tegeliku elu küsitavatele aspektidele ja toovad esile vastandlikke hääli, sarnasust, paljusust ja mitmekesisust. Kirjanikud kujutavad lootust reformidele ja parema, isegi ideaalse ühiskonna otsinguid nende enda vaatepunktist loodud kujutletavates maailmades. Mõned kirjanikud otsivad utoopilist lootust, teised autorid võivad utoopiliste ootuste realiseerumise võimatuse tõttu esitada luupainajalikke ühiskonnakordi düstoopiate abil, mida professor Sargent kirjeldab kui „mitte-eksisteerivat ühiskonda, mida kirjeldatakse märkimisväärse üksikasjalikkusega ja mis on tavaliselt asetatud aega ja ruumi, mida kaasaegne lugeja peaks, autori kavatsuse järgi, nägema tublisti hullema ühiskonnana kui see, kus ta parajasti elab.“ Nende tekstide kaudu näitavad kirjanikud, intellektuaalid ja filosoofid alternatiivseid süsteeme ja ideoloogilisi formatsioone kriitilisest perspektiivist ja/või vastandlikust seisukohast.
Need spekulatiivsed teosed käsitlevad selliseid probleeme nagu ühiskonna hierarhiline ülesehitus, võimukasutus, manipulatiivne epistemoloogia, sotsiaalne manipuleerimine, ajalugu ja rõhumine, mis panevad meid mõtlema ühiskondlik-poliitilise olustiku ja selle võimalike arutlusvigade üle. Ingliskeelsetel teostel on võimalik jõuda rahvusvahelise lugejani, samasugustel spekulatiivse kirjanduse teostel, mis pole inglise keeles kirjutatud, on aga juhul, kui neid ei tõlgita, ainult piiratud kohalik lugejaskond. Seetõttu püüab käesolev artikkel heita valgust utopistlikule mõttele türgi kirjanduses ja teadustöödes, mille põhjuseks on Türgis kasvav huvi utopismi ja kirjanduslike utoopiate/düstoopiate vastu. Artikkel tutvustab ka Adam Şeneli lühiromaani „Teleandregenos Ütopyasında Evlilik Hayatı“ („Abielu Teleandregenose Utoopias“).
The Director as Translator: The Case of Latvian Director Oļģerts Kroders / Lavastaja kui tõlkija: läti lavastaja Oļģerts Kroders
Authors: Lēvalde Vēsma 
Published: January 2019

The article aims to tackle the creative work of the eminent Latvian stage director Oļģerts Kroders (1921–2012). Kroders, as a representative of the psychological theatre, was one of the first in Soviet Latvia who dared to break with the canon of socialist realism and portrayed the characters of literary classics on the stage without heroic overtones. The cornerstone of his creative work was a detailed approach to the literary source text, adapting it to the intended concept of the production. He even used to adjust the interpretation of the text to the potential of a particular actor in a particular role. The article deals with text interpretation in two productions of Alexander Ostrovsky’s play “Without a Dowry” translated by the director himself and adapted for two different productions. The article demonstrates that due to the director’s careful interpretation the spoken text is precisely integrated into the performance.

Artikkel käsitleb väljapaistva läti teatrilavastaja Oļģerts Krodersi (1921–2012) loomingut. Psühholoogilise teatri esindaja Kroders oli üks esimesi lavastajaid Nõukogude Lätis, kes julges eemalduda sotsialistliku realismi kaanonist ja kujutada kirjandusklassika teoste tegelasi laval ilma kangelasliku alatoonita. Kõik need lavastused on sarnastel teemadel: nad uurivad ebakõla moraali ja võimu vahel, lahkavad üksikisiku vaimse vabadusega seotud probleeme ja otsivad eksistentsiaalselt olulistes valikumomentides peituvat psühholoogilist tegevusmotivatsiooni. Krodersi lähenemine lavastajatööle kujutab endast pidevaid uue teatrikeele otsinguid ja katkematut uuenduslikkust. Kroders tunnistas kirjandusliku allika ja kõneldud sõna tähtsust lavastuses ja pööras üksikasjalikku tähelepanu teksti kvaliteedile. Krodersi meetod, mis seisnes kirjandusliku teksti tõlgendamise kohandamises konkreetse näitleja potentsiaalile ja tema võimele oma tegelast mõista, saavutab emotsionaalselt mõjuva psühholoogilise väljenduse, avardades tavapärast klassikute tõlgendamise stilistilist raamistikku. Artikkel vaatleb teksti tõlgendamist Aleksandr Ostrovski näidendi „Kaasavaratu“ kahes eri lavastuses. Näidendi teksti tõlkis lavastaja ise ja kohandas selle kahe lavastuse jaoks. Artikkel näitab, et tänu lavastaja hoolikale tõlgendamisele on kõneldud tekst väga täpselt lavastusse integreeritud. Artikkel näitab, et Krodersi lavakeelne mõtlemine ületab näidendi teksti piire, luues uusi tänapäevaseid kunstiteoseid, mis on üks tänapäeva läti teatri tähtsamaid suundumusi.
Reading Estonian Literature through a German Lens: How Ivar Ivask Became a World-renowned Literary Scholar / Lugedes eesti kirjandust läbi saksa kirjanduse prisma ehk kuidas Ivask Ivaskist sai tuntud kirjandusteadlane
Authors: Sakova Aija 
Published: January 2019

Ivar Ivask (1927–1992) is a cosmopolitan man who edited a quarterly world literature magazine Books Abroad / World Literature Today for more than 20 years; initiated the Puterbaugh Conference series; created and curated the Neustadt or so-called small Nobel literature prize. His personal archive is since 2016 held at the Estonian Cultural History Archives at the Estonian Literary Museum. The current article explores the very first steps of Ivar Ivask becoming a literary scholar and critic.

aasta lõpus ja 2018. aasta alguses tähistati nii Eestis kui ka Lätis eesti-läti päritolu kirjandusteadlase ja luuletaja Ivar Ivaski (1927–1992) 90. sünniaastapäeva. Ivask oli kosmopoliitne mees, kes töötas üle kahekümne aasta oma elust maailmakirjandusalase ajakirja Books Abroad / World Literature Today peatoimetajana, mille juurde ta asutas Neustadti kirjandusauhinna, mida kutsuti hellitavalt ka väikseks Nobeliks.

Saanud hariduse Saksamaal Marburgi Ülikoolis saksa kirjanduse, võrdleva kirjandusteaduse ja kunstiajaloo alal, kujunes Ivaskist paradoksaalselt siiski ka eesti kirjanduse uurija ja mõtestaja. Ivaski magistritöö oli Saksa luuletajast Gottfried Bennist (1950) ja doktoritöö Austria kirjanikust ning kriitikust Hugo von Hofmannstahlist (1953). Kuna Ivaski esimesed kirjandusteaduslikud uurimused ilmusid 1951. aastal Bernard Kangro välja antud väliseesti ajakirjas Tulimuld, siis on loogiline järeldada, et Ivaski arusaam eesti kirjandusest ning kirjanduskriitika ülesannetest paguluses oli oluliselt mõjutatud saksa kirjanduse alastest õpingutest ja uurimistöödest.
Ivaski 1950. aastatel esimesel poolel ilmunud artiklid olid kuni 1954. aastani vaid eestikeelsed ja ilmusid väliseesti ajakirjades Tulimuld ning Vaba Eesti. Need käsitlesid võrdselt eesti kirjandust ja kirjanduskriitikat ning saksa, austria ja hispaania kirjandust. Ivaski eesti kirjandusele ning kirjanduskriitikale esitatud nõudmistes on näha paralleele tema uurimusega Hugo von Hofmannstahlist, milles Ivask rõhutab Hofmannsthali euroopalikku ehk mitte kitsalt ühele rahvuskirjandusele keskenduvat kirjanduskäsitlust. Ka eesti kirjanduskriitikalt ootab Ivask oma artiklites seda, et see vaatleks eesti autoreid maailmakirjanduse kontekstis, mitte ei jääks kinni kitsalt eesti kirjanduse sisestesse uurimustesse. Laiema, võrdleva kirjandusliku pildi vajalikkus on Ivaski hinnangul eesti kirjanduse ellujäämise eeltingimus.
Nii Ivaski kirjatöödes kui ka tema tegevuses kirjade kirjutaja ja kirjavahetuste algatajana on tunda tema ihalust eeskujude järele. Ivask ei karda võtta ühendust autoritega, kelle loomingut ta imetleb ja arvustab. Nii loob ta kirjanduslikke võrgustikke üle maailma. Kirjandusteadlane ja luuletaja Jüri Talvet on kirjeldanud Ivaskit kui sildade loojat. Kuid Ivask oli ka poeet-kriitik, nii nagu ta ise kirjeldab Hugo von Hofmannstahli.
CA10 and CA11 negatively regulate neuronal activity‐dependent growth of gliomas
Authors: Tao Bangbao , Ling Yiqun , Zhang Youyou , Li Shu , Zhou Ping , Wang Xiaoqiang , Li Bin , Jun Zhong , Zhang Wenchuan , Xu Chunyan , Shi Juanhong , Wang Lifeng , Zhang Wenhao , Li Shiting 
Published: January 2019

Recent studies have revealed that neurons can promote glioma growth through activity‐dependent secretion of neurotrophins, especially neuroligin‐3. It has therefore been suggested that blocking neuron‐derived neurotrophins may serve as a therapeutic intervention for gliomas. Carbonic anhydrase‐related proteins 11 and 10 (CA11 and CA10) are secreted synaptic proteins which function as neurexin ligands, and the gene‐encoding CA11 is part of a gene signature associated with radiotherapy and prognosis in gliomas. We therefore hypothesized that CA11/CA10 might participate in the neuronal activity‐dependent regulation of glioma growth. In this study, we report that CA11 secreted by depolarized cultured neurons within conditioned medium (CM) inhibited the growth of glioma cell lines. CM from depolarized neurons inhibited CA11 expression in glioma cell lines via the Akt signaling pathway. Consistently, CA11 expression was also reduced in clinical glioma samples and negatively associated with high histological grade. Low CA11 expression of gliomas was associated with short survival in four independent datasets [repository of brain neoplasia data (REMBRANDT), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lower grade glioma (LGG), GSE4271, and GSE42669]. CA11 knockdown promoted cell growth, clone formation, and migration; inhibited apoptosis; and increased tumor size in xenografted nude mice. Similarly, CA10 and CA10 secreted by depolarized cultured neurons also inhibited the growth of glioma cell lines. Low CA10 expression was associated with short survival in REMBRANDT, TCGA LGG, and GEO GSE4271 datasets. Our results suggest that CA11 and CA10 negatively regulate neuronal activity‐dependent glioma growth and inhibit glioma aggression. Thus, CA11/CA10 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gliomas.
Boron‐Catalyzed C−C Functionalization of Allyl Alcohols
Authors: Rao Santhosh , Kapanaiah Raja , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTris(pentafluorophenyl)borane‐catalyzed C−C bond functionalization of arylallyl alcohols using donor‐acceptor carbenes is presented. The allylic hydroxyl group is found to assist the product formation by neighboring group participation providing a clue towards mechanistic understanding. This method can also be employed to effect homologation of allyl alcohols to homoallyl alcohols. Overall, this metal‐free transformation presents a novel disconnection strategy towards carbon‐carbon bond scission and formation.magnified image