bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of two low cost point-of-use water treatment systems
Authors: Siwila Stephen , Brink Isobel C 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The study examined two low-cost point-of-use water treatment systems developed in respect of bacterial and particulate removal when exposed to surface water for three months. Bacterial removal efficiency was estimated using E. coli and fecal coliforms, while particulate reduction efficiency was estimated by determining turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS). The systems investigated were the Gift of Water System (GWS) made in USA and the Drip Filter System (DFS) Model-JW-PD-1-70 made in South Africa. The study included seasonal water quality changes. Both systems recorded 100% bacterial removal throughout the study. Although results show that DFS was slightly better in terms of particulate reduction, both systems removed large proportions of particles from the water. On average TSS removals were 89% and 95%, while turbidity removals were 87% and 94%, by GWS and DFS respectively. The treated water from the two systems compared well with good quality tap water supplied to Stellenbosch University. The results show that both systems can treat the poor quality water used to meet the SANS 241 and WHO guidelines with respect to bacterial and suspended solids content.
New Zealand plant growth trials in rapid bio-filtration media
Authors: Cheah John , Brockbank Troy , Simcock Robyn , Hannah Michael 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Media used in rapid bio-filtration devices have hydraulic conductivity rates exceeding 2,500 mm/hr. Stormwater360 New Zealand has partnered with Contech Engineered Solutions (USA) to produce a rapid bio-filtration medium using locally available materials. Current bio-filtration guidance limits the hydraulic conductivity of media to less than 300 mm/hr to support plant growth. Using a short-term plant trial (3 months) and 4 ongoing plant trials (&gt;11 months) plant growth was assessed.
In total 99 plants were grown (26 different tree, shrub and grass species), of which 91 plants (92%) and 23 plant species (88%) successfully established and grew in the rapid filtration medium.
Performances of air gap and water gap MD desalination modules
Authors: Khalifa Atia E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising thermally-driven membrane separation technology for water desalination. In MD, water vapor is being separated from the hot feed water solution using a micro-porous hydrophobic membrane, due to the difference in vapor pressures across the membrane. In the present work, experiments are conducted to compare the performance of water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) and air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) modules under the main operating and design conditions including the feed and coolant temperatures, membrane material and pore sizes, and the gap width. Results showed that the WGMD module produced higher fluxes as compared to the AGMD module, for all test conditions. The feed temperature is the dominant factor affecting the system flux. The permeate flux increases with reducing the gap width for both water and air gap modules. However, WGMD module was found to be less sensitive to the change in the gap width compared to the AGMD module. The PTFE membrane produced higher permeate flux as compared to the PVDF membrane. Bigger mean pore diameter enhanced the permeate flux, however, this enhancement is marginal at high feed temperatures. With increasing the feed temperature, the GOR values increase and the specific energy consumption decreases.
Programmatic Impact of Implementing GeneXpert MTB/ RIF Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Respiratory Specimens from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspected Patients in Resource Limited Laboratory Settings of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prakash , Khanal Hemanta , Dahal Prasanna , Dongol Pranita 
Published: March 2018

Background:In Nepal, introduction of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert assay) as an initial confirmation test for tuberculosis (TB) has been considered to have impact as a significant decrease in number of clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases than previous years. This study aims to find out the distribution profile of suspected tuberculosis cases according to patients age, gender, treatment history and HIV status as well as to evaluate the utility of the Xpert assay over conventional acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining method for the proper diagnosis ofM. Tuberculosisin respiratory specimens from the tuberculosis (TB) suspected patient samples.Methods:The prospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in National Anti-Tuberculosis Center (NATA) center- Biratnagar and Primary Healthcare Center (PHC) - Manglabare, Morang District, of eastern Nepal from January 2014 to August 2014. Laboratory investigation was done by conventional AFB staining followed by Xpert assay.Results:A total of 1549 sputum samples were initially analyzed. AFB staining resulted in 1441 AFB smear negative samples and 88 AFB smear positive samples, whereas 20 samples were directly processed for Xpert assay. The male: female smear positive ratio was 2.8:1 and was higher among age groups (21-40) years. Tuberculosis among HIV patients was found 22.22%. Xpert assay demonstrates that out of 1441 smear negative AFB cases, 258 were found to have TB positive, whereas out of 88 smears positive AFB cases 12 were found to have TB negative. The sensitivity of the Xpert assay in patients classified as AFB smear positive was found 85.4% and the specificity in smear negative patients was 81%.Conclusion:The study concluded that implementation of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a helpful tool for early and rapid detection of tuberculosis with greater sensitivity and specificity over traditional AFB staining techniques.
Efek Program SBABS Terhadap Pencegahan Stunting Anak Baduta di Kabupaten Banggai dan Sigi
Authors: Hafid Fahmi , Djabu Udin , - Udin , - Nasrul 
Published: March 2018

AbstrakProgram stop buang air besar sembarangan(SBABS) merupakan program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat yang membudayakan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, mencegah penyebaran penyakit berbasis lingkungan, meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat merubah perilaku untuk tidak melakukan aktivitas buang air besar sembarangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh program stop buang besar sembarangan terhadap pencegahan stunting anak baduta di Kabupaten Banggai dan Sigi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan case control. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada wilayah pelaksanaan program stop buang air besar di Sulawesi Tengah dengan prevalensi stunting yang tinggi yaitu Kabupaten Banggai dan Sigi pada tanggal 8 September hingga 7 Oktober 2016. Sampel sebanyak 352 orang anak usia 1-2 Tahun. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode consecutive sampling. Uji perbedaan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U. Hasil analisis menunjukkan proporsi baduta stunting sebesar 15,6%. Jumlah sampel pada kelompok SBABS sebanyak 116 orang (33,0%) dengan rerata tinggi badan -0,36Â±1,6 sedangkan pada kelompok non SBABS sebanyak 236 orang (67,0%) dengan rerata tinggi badan -0,94Â±1,5. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara pertumbuhan baduta kelompok SBABS dengan non SBABS (p=0,002). Program stop buang air besar sembarangan mencegah stunting anak baduta di Kabupaten Banggai dan Sigi.Â Kata kunci: Program SBABS; Stunting; BadutaÂ AbstractOpen Defecation Free (ODF) program is a total sanitation community-based program that encourages clean and healthy living behavior, prevents the spread of environment-based diseases, and improves community ability to change their behavior not to carry out open defecation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of open defecation free program on the prevention of stunting baby under two years in Banggai and Sigi. The research design used was case control. This research was conducted from 8 September to 7 October 2016 in the implementation areas of open defecation free program in Central Sulawesi that have high stunting prevalence, i.e Banggai and Sigi Regencies. The sample obtained was 352 babies aged 1-2 years by using consecutive sampling method. Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the differences. The analysis result shows that the proportion of stunting babies under 2 years was 15.6%. The number of samples in ODF group was 116 babies (33.0%) with mean height -0.36Â±1.6, whereas in non-ODF group was 236 babies (67.0%) with mean height -0.94Â±1.5. There is a significant difference between the growth of baby under two years in ODF group and non ODF (p=0,002). Open defecation free program prevents stunting baby under two years in Banggai and Sigi Regencies.Keywords: Open Defecation Free program; Stunting; Baby under two years
Effect of Chlorhexidine Treatment Prior to Fiber Post Cementation on Long-Term Resin Cement Bond Strength
Authors: Durski M , Metz M , Crim G , Hass S , Mazur R , Vieira S 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of two different adhesive cements (total etch and self-adhesive) for glass fiber post (GFP) cementation in simulated, long-term service (thermocycling) when the root canal is treated with chlorhexidine before cementation. One hundred twenty premolar specimens with a single root canal were selected, endodontically treated, and shaped for GFP cementation (n=120). The specimens were randomly placed into one of 12 groups (10 specimens each) according to cement (T = total-etch RelyX ARC or S = self-adhesive RelyX Unicem), treatment with chlorhexidine (N or Y: without or with), and number of thermal cycles (00, 20, or 40: 0, or 20,000 or 40,000 cycles): 1. TN00, 2. TN20, 3. TN40, 4. TY00, 5. TY20, 6. TY40, 7. SN00, 8. SN20, 9. SN40, 10. SY00, 11. SY20, 12. SY40. The root of each specimen was cut perpendicular to the vertical axis, yielding six 1.0 mm-thick sections. A push-out bond strength test was performed followed by statistical analysis using a factorial analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons of significant factor interactions were adjusted using the Tukey test. Significant differences of push-out bond strengths were found in the four main effects (resin cement [p&lt;0.0001], treatment with chlorhexidine [p&lt;0.0001], number of cycles [p&lt;0.0001], and root third [p&lt;0.0001]) and all interactions (p&lt;0.05 for all). Both resin cements produced higher bond strength in the cervical third followed by the middle third, and lower values were detected in the apical third. Additionally, the results suggest that the use of an additional disinfection treatment with chlorhexidine before the cement application produced the highest push-out bond strength regardless of root third. Further, the thermocycling simulation decreased the bond strength for both resin cements long-term when the chlorhexidine was not applied before cementation. However, when the root canal was treated with chlorhexidine and the fiber post was cemented with self-adhesive cement, the bond strength increased after 0, 20,000 and 40,000 cycles.
PERBANDINGAN RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii) DENGAN SARI WORTEL DAN KONSENTRASI SUKROSA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MARSHMALLOW WORTEL (Daucus carrota)
Authors: Hervelly Hervelly , Suliasih Neneng , Arum Suraloka Mahardika Puspa 
Published: March 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel dan konsentrasi sukrosa terhadap karakteristik marshmallow wortel. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri atas dua tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Penelitian pendahuluan yaitu menentukan formula yang paling tepat pada pembuatan marshmallow wortel. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan pola faktorial 3x3 dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Rancangan perlakuan yang dilakukan terdiri dari dua faktor meliputi : perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel (A) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu a1 (1:0,5), a2 (1:1), a3 (1,5:1) dan konsentrasi sukrosa (B) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu b1 (25%), b2 (30%), b3 (35%). Hasil penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan formula 1 yang akan digunakan pada penelitian utama. Hasil penelitian utama menunjukkan perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel berpengaruh terhadap organoleptik dalam hal warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur, serta kadar air. Konsentrasi sukrosa berpengaruh terhadap organoleptik dalam hal warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur, serta kadar air dan kadar gula reduksi. Interaksi antara perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel dan konsentrasi sukrosa berpengaruh terhadap organoleptik dalam hal warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Berdasarkan respon organoleptik didapatkan produk terpilih yaitu a2b3 (perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel 1:1 dan konsentrasi sukrosa 35%). Produk terpilih tersebut memiliki kadar air 26,99%, kadar gula reduksi 5,6%, kadar karotenoid 19,54 ppm, nilai uji warna (L* = 54,55 ; a* = 6,60 ; b* = 13,47), kadar vitamin C 0,85 mg/100 g, kadar serat kasar 2,6%, kadar kalsium 14,22 mg/100 g, nilai elastisitas (springiness) 0,614, nilai kekenyalan (chewiness) 2,0622 g.sec dan nilai organoleptik rata-rata suka.
Woolf, R., Cicero. The Philosophy of a Roman Sceptic, Londres-Nueva York, Routledge, 2015, 260 + vii pp, ISBN: 978-1-84465-840-4
Authors: Cairo María Emilia 
Published: March 2018

Reseña: Woolf, R., Cicero. The Philosophy of a Roman Sceptic, Londres-Nueva York, Routledge, 2015, 260 + vii pp, ISBN: 978-1-84465-840-4
VARIASI BENTUK WAJAH LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN DARI DESA PANGLIPURAN, KABUPATEN BANGLI, PROVINSI BALI
Authors: PUTRA AGUNG EKO CAHYA KUSUMA , WIRASITI NI NYOMAN , SETYAWATI IRIANI 
Published: March 2018

This research determined male and female face type of the adults in Panglipuran adults. The analysis of face types Geometric Morphometric Technique in thin-plate-splin (tps) program. Adults female and 14 male aged 25-35 years old were photographed for both frontal and lateral faces with a digital camera Canon EOS 60D. Landmark data was processed by photo processor program tpsDig version 2.04, tpsSuper version 1.13, tpsRelw version 1.42, tpsSplin 1.20 and both of ape and gee package of R Program version 3.2.5. The average of male’s face shape type in Panglipuran village was ellipse and round for female’s. We found 2 frontal and 2 lateral for male’s face variation, we also found 3 frontal and 3 lateral for female’s. Frontal face of male and female that showed high variation included right subaurale, left subaurale, right gonion, left gonion, and gnathion. Lateral face of male and female that showed high variation were trichion, frontozygomaticus, superciliare, superaurale, pogonion, glabella, the minimum point of the curve below earlobe, gonion and gnathion.
KEKAYAAN JENIS BURUNG DI PULAU SERANGAN, BALI
Authors: SUMARDIKA I PUTU AGUS , GINANTRA I KETUT , SUASKARA I.B. MADE 
Published: March 2018

This study aims to determine the species richness of bird species on the island of Serangan, Bali in February and March 2016. Observations were made of 20 time, which is held in the morning (06.00-09.00 am) and afternoon (15.00-18.00 pm). Observations were made on five types of habitat that are beaches, mangroves, lagoons, forest plantations and settlements. The study was conducted by recording ten species methods. Identification of species of birds refers to the morphological characters of the and also by voice. The resultsshowed 55 species of birds are found in five types of habitat which is included in 30 families, 25 types of which are species of shore birds and 30 species are terrestrial birds. In the lagoon habitat found 46 species, on mangrove found 28 species, forest plants are found 22 species, Beach habitat are found 20 species and settlements are found 14 species of birds. Similarity index of bird species in each habitat were: the beachmangrove 63%, beach-lagoon 61%, coast-forest plants 48%, beach-residential 47%, mangrove-lagoon 68%, mangrove-forest plants 52%, mangrove-residential 48%, the lagoon-forest plants 47%, the lagoon-residential 40%, plantations-residential 56%. Of the 55 species of birds were found, 15 species are protected birds and 12 species are migratory birds.
OIL OF PANDAN KELAPA HUTAN (Pandanus jiulianettii Martelli): PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, TOTAL PHENOLS, TOTAL CAROTENE, VITAMIN E AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: ZEBUA LISYE IRIANA , PURNAMASARI VITA 
Published: March 2018

Pandanus plant is one of the important plant in Papua and Papua New Guinea. Traditionally pandanus plant is used by local people for lots of daily activities and daily needs, start from food flavoring, medicine, to religious ceremony needs. Pandan kelapa hutan fruits (P. jiulianettii Martelli.) is one of a kind of pandanus that been used from generation to generation the highlands of Papua and Papua New Guinea for the food ingredients. This research aims to determine the physicochemical properties, total phenol, total carotene,vitamin E and antioxidant activities of the forest coconut pandan oil (P. jiulianettii Martelli.) extracted using an aluminum pan. Physicochemical character that been analyzed is specific gravity, iod value, saponification value, free fatty acid content, acid value and peroxide value. Total phenol, total carotene and vitamin E measured respectively using Folin-Ciocalteu method, spectrophotometry method and colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activities is measured using a method that called DPPH. The result shows the pandan coconut oil has 1,00059 of specific gravity, 65.87 g/100gr of iod, 201,28 mg/g of saponification, 4.26% of acid and 5.64 Meq/kg of peroxide. The content of total phenols, total carotene and vitamin E respectively are 48.55 ppm, 2.75 µg/g and 5.0303 mg/100g. The antioxidant IC50 measuring result shows the value is 45.83 mg/mL.
PESCH’İN İKTİSADİ DÜŞÜNCE TARİHİNDEKİ ÖNEMİ
Authors: Derya Hülya 
Published: March 2018

Bu
çalışmada, Katolik kilisesinde ilk defa sosyal sorunlara değinerek dayanışma
kavramının önemi üzerinde duran Henry Pesch Alman Tarihçi Okul’un temsilcileri
bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. Pesh, Katolik kilisesinin sosyal sorunlara eğilmesi
yönünde görüşler belirtmiştir. Bu
görüşlerin temeli dayanışma kavramı çerçevesinde temellenmiştir. Dayanışma
kavramı, mezhepler arası uzlaşının sağlanması, bireyin toplumsal sorunların
çözümünde ortak paydaşlar olarak değerlendirmesi, etik değerlerin önemi gibi
farklı sosyolojik boyutlara sahiptir. Dayanışma kavramı, liberalizm ve
sosyalizmden farklı olarak üçüncü bir yol olarak savunulmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda
sosyal sorunlar toplumsal yapıda karşılık bularak Almanya’da sosyal devlet
anlayışının benimsenmesinde büyük çapta etkili olmuştur.
Deposition of CVD-TiCN and TiAlN coatings guided with thermodynamic calculations
Authors: Du Liye , Wang Shaoqing , Du Yong , Qiu Lianchang , Chen Zhuo , Chen Xiangming , Liu Zi-kui , Zhang Cong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of TiCN and TiAlN coatings was investigated through thermodynamics calculations and key experiments. Based on the established CVD phase diagrams, TiCN coating was prepared by the low-pressure CVD method. It was found that the measured atomic fractions of C, N and Ti in the TiCN coating agree reasonably with the calculation results. For the TiAlN coating, CVD phase diagrams suggest that the deposition temperature and the ratio of AlCl3 to NH3 could remarkably affect the Al content in the coating. The present work leads to a better agreement with the experimental data than the previous calculations for Al content in the TiAlN coating. It is expected that the current work is of interest for further experimental investigations on CVD hard coatings.
Raised Plasma Neurofilament Light Protein Levels Are Associated with Abnormal MRI Outcomes in Newborns Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Shah Divyen K. , Ponnusamy Vennila , Evanson Jane , Kapellou Olga , Ekitzidou Georgia , Gupta Neelam , Clarke Paul , Michael-Titus Adina T. , Yip Ping K. 
Published: March 2018

Aims and hypothesisHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains an important cause of death and disability in newborns. Mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is safe and effective; however, there are no tissue biomarkers available at the bedside to select babies for treatment. The aim of this study was to show that it is feasible to study plasma neurofilament light (NfL) levels from newborns and to evaluate their temporal course. Hypothesis: Raised plasma NFL protein levels from newborns who undergo TH after HIE are associated with abnormal MRI outcomes.MethodsBetween February 2014 and January 2016, term newborns with HIE treated with TH for 72 h had plasma samples taken at three time points: (i) after the infant had reached target temperature, (ii) prior to commencing rewarming, and (iii) after completing rewarming. Infants with mild HIE who did not receive TH had a single specimen taken. NfL protein was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsTwenty-six newborns with moderate–severe HIE treated with TH were studied. Half of these had cerebral MRI predictive of an unfavorable outcome. Plasma NfL levels were significantly higher in the TH group with unfavorable outcome (median age 18 h) compared to levels from both the mild HIE group and TH group with favorable outcome (F = 25.83, p &lt; 0.0001). Newborns who had MRIs predictive of unfavorable outcome had significantly higher NfL levels compared to those with favorable outcomes, at all three time points (mixed models, F = 27.63, p &lt; 0.001). A cutoff NfL level &gt;29 pg/mL at 24 h is predictive of an unfavorable outcome [sensitivity 77%, specificity 69%, positive predictive value (PPV) 67%, negative predictive value (NPV) 72%] with increasing predictive value until after rewarming (sensitivity 92%, specificity 92%, PPV 92%, NPV 86%).Interpretation of researchPlasma NfL protein levels may be a useful biomarker of unfavorable MRI outcomes in newborns with moderate–severe HIE and may assist in selecting newborns for adjunctive neuroprotective interventions. Larger studies with NfL testing at earlier time points are required.
The Dynamics of Tightly-packed Planetary Systems in the Presence of an Outer Planet: Case Studies Using Kepler-11 and Kepler-90
Authors: Contreras A. P. Granados , Boley A. C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We explore the effects of an undetected outer giant planet on the dynamics, observability, and stability of Systems with Tightly-packed Inner Planets (STIPs). We use direct numerical simulations along with secular theory and synthetic secular frequency spectra to analyze how analogues of Kepler-11 and Kepler-90 behave in the presence of a nearly co-planar, Jupiter-like outer perturber with semimajor axes between 1 and 5.2 au. Most locations of the outer perturber do not affect the evolution of the inner planetary systems, apart from altering precession frequencies. However, there are locations at which an outer planet causes system instability due to, in part, secular eccentricity resonances. In Kepler-90, there is a range of orbital distances for which the outer perturber drives planets b and c, through secular interactions, onto orbits with inclinations that are ∼16° away from the rest of the planets. Kepler-90 is stable in this configuration. Such secular resonances can thus affect the observed multiplicity of transiting systems. We also compare the synthetic apsidal and nodal precession frequencies with the secular theory and find some misalignment between principal frequencies, indicative of strong interactions between the planets (consistent with the system showing TTVs). First-order libration angles are calculated to identify MMRs in the systems, for which two near-MMRs are shown in Kepler-90, with a 5:4 between b and c, as well as a 3:2 between g and h.