bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of complementary and alternative medicine use among patients admitted to the emergency room: a descriptive study from a Turkish hospital
Authors: Hakkoymaz Hakan , Koçyiğit Burhan Fatih 
Published: August 2019

Background
The main aim of this study was to assess the frequency of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients admitted to the emergency room (ER). Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with CAM use.

Methods
This was a descriptive study. A total of 951 patients who were admitted to the ER of a tertiary hospital between October 2018 and November 2018 were enrolled. Data were obtained using a questionnaire that was prepared by the researchers considering the literature data.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 37.98 ± 15.65 years. Of the 951 patients, 48.4% (n = 460) were female and 51.6% (n = 491) were male. The rate of patients who used CAM at least once was 47.3% (n = 450). The most frequently used CAM methods were herbal therapy (68.9%), massage (40.7%), dietary supplements (24.7%), and hijama (24.2%). Being aged 64 years or younger (p = 0.001), having an education level of university or higher (p = 0.006), having an income more than minimum wage (p = 0.016), and having a chronic disease (p = 0.003) were found to be associated with CAM use in this study.

Discussion
CAM methods were used by a considerable proportion of patients admitted to the ER. Physicians should incorporate CAM use history in their patient assessments and should provide accurate and unbiased information about CAM methods.
Femtosecond Pump–Probe Spectroscopy for Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Raavi Sai Santosh Kumar , Biswas Chinmoy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCharge photogeneration by exciton dissociation at the donor/acceptor interface is the heart of organic molecule–based devices for solar energy conversion. Femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy offers a noninvasive technique to follow the charge photogeneration. In this article, we elucidate the contribution of femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy in providing in‐depth insights into various photophysical aspects that aid in the development of efficient organic molecule–based solar cells, namely, dye‐sensitized solar cells, organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells, polymer‐based bulk heterojunction solar cells, and perovskite solar cells.
Strong Light–Matter Interaction
Authors: Vasa Parinda 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this article, we qualitatively describe the concepts and the state of the art regarding strong light–matter interactions. We provide a concise description of the relevant background physics of light, optical resonators, and light–matter interaction in classical as well as quantum mechanical framework. A detailed overview of the experimental studies of strong light–matter interactions in hybrid structures comprising quantum emitters coupled to micro‐ or nanoresonators is then presented. A simple phenomenological model based on coupled oscillators provides a conceptual understanding of the physics underlying strong light–matter interactions. Finally, we conclude the article by summarizing few applications and a future perspective of this rapidly emerging field, which is expected to evolve further to encompass more intriguing physics and novel applications.
Magnetic Mechanoactivation of Wnt Signaling Augments Dopaminergic Differentiation of Neuronal Cells
Authors: Rotherham Michael , Nahar Tasmin , Goodman Timothy , Telling Neil , Gates Monte , El Haj Alicia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWnt signaling is a key developmental pathway that regulates dopaminergic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation during neuronal development. This makes Wnt signaling an important therapeutic target for neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Wnt signaling can be modulated using peptides such as UM206, which bind to the Wnt receptor Frizzled. Previous work has demonstrated remote activation of the Wnt pathway through Frizzled using peptide‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with magnetic field stimulation. Using this technology, Wnt signaling is remotely activated in the neuronal cell line SH‐SY5Y, and the phenotypic response to stimulation is assessed. Results indicate β‐catenin translocalization and activation of TCF/LEF responsive transcription in response to MNP and magnetic fields, which result in dopaminergic marker expression when synergistically combined with differentiation factors retinoic acid and the phorbol ester phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate. This approach is translated into ex vivo postnatal rat brain slices modeling the developing nigrostriatal pathway. Dopaminergic marker expression is maintained in MNP‐labeled SH‐SY5Y cells after injection and magnetic stimulation. These results demonstrate the translational value of remote control of signal transduction for controlling neuronal precursor cell behavior and highlight the potential applications for controlled cell differentiation as part of cell therapies for neurodegenerative disease.
Flexible Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowires: Material Synthesis, Fabrication, Performance, and Applications
Authors: Zhu Yuwen , Deng Yujun , Yi Peiyun , Peng Linfa , Lai Xinmin , Lin Zhongqin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOwing to their compatibility with biology and large deformation, flexible electronics meet the demands for a wide range of applications that lie outside the capabilities of conventional rigid wafer‐based electronics. Devices such as solar cells, light‐emitting devices, touch screens, and wearable sensors have significantly advanced in recent years and changed human life. Flexible transparent electrodes are one of the most important components in flexible optoelectronic devices, collecting charges and transmitting light. Such electrodes based on silver nanowires (AgNWs), which exhibit superior mechanical flexibility, electrical and thermal conductivity, and optical transparency, are regarded as the most promising alternative to conventional indium tin oxide electrodes. However, some technical challenges, such as the uniformity and stability of AgNW networks, still exist and hinder the large‐scale commercialization of AgNW electrodes. Great efforts have been made in this field. A comprehensive survey of recent progress in flexible transparent AgNW electrodes in terms of performance criteria, material synthesis, fabrication process, performance enhancement, and future applications is provided. Finally, technical challenges and future trends are presented for the application of flexible transparent AgNW electrodes in flexible electronics.
Efficient and Broadband Four‐Wave Mixing in a Compact Silicon Subwavelength Nanohole Waveguide
Authors: Yang Yuxing , Sun Lu , Zhang Yong , Su Yikai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConfining light in a small volume offers an effective approach to enhance the four‐wave mixing (FWM) process. Recently, most efforts are devoted to improve the conversion efficiencies by using resonant structures. As a result, the bandwidths of the FWM conversions are typically limited to 1–2 nm. In this paper, a nonresonant silicon subwavelength nanohole waveguide is proposed to manipulate the field distribution of the propagating wave. The electromagnetic field of the Bloch mode can be engineered to concentrate in the silicon area where the FWM process occurs. Benefiting from the enhanced light intensity, an efficient and broadband FWM process is experimentally demonstrated. A conversion efficiency of −26.7 dB is achieved with a carefully designed silicon nanohole waveguide, showing a 12.5 dB improvement relative to a conventional silicon strip waveguide. The 3 dB conversion bandwidth of the silicon nanohole waveguide is ≈37 nm, limited by the optical amplifiers employed in the experiment.
Efficient Two‐Photon Excited Fluorescence from Charge‐Transfer Cocrystals Based on Centrosymmetric Molecules
Authors: Dai Chenghu , Wei Zhixian , Chen Zhen , Liu Xiaoyan , Fan Jihui , Zhao Junfang , Zhang Chuang , Pang Zhiyong , Han Shenghao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo‐photon excited chromophores are widely applied for photon upconversion in organic optoelectronics. In this work, efficient two‐photon excited fluorescence is observed from charge‐transfer cocrystals where the molecular architectures of donor and acceptor molecules are both centrosymmetric. The superior structural symmetry of cocrystals eliminates the second harmonic generation of incident near‐infrared laser. The nonlinear optical properties of cocrystals are found to be strongly correlated with the intermolecular charge‐transfer interaction, bringing a wide window of excitation wavelength for the upconverted light emission. The work demonstrates that the cocrystallization of small molecules provides opportunities for the design and synthesis of novel organic optofunctional materials.
Transition from Positive to Negative Photoconductance in Doped Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors
Authors: Haque Md Azimul , Li Jin‐Ling , Abdelhady Ahmed L. , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Baran Derya , Bakr Osman M. , Wei Su‐Huai , Wu Tom 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHalide perovskites are known to be photoconductive for more than half a century, and their efficient photocarrier generation gives rise to positive photoconductivity (PPC). In this work, the discovery of negative photoconductivity (NPC) in hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 after Bi doping is reported. Transient photoconductivity measurements reveal a surprising bipolar behavior with a fast positive response followed by exponential negative photocurrent decay, resulting in an equilibrium photocurrent even below the dark level. The NPC effect in Bi‐doped CH3NH3PbBr3 is among the largest ones reported so far for semiconductors. It is proposed that the transition to negative photoconductance is related to the presence of DX‐like centers in Bi‐doped halide perovskites, similar to doped III–V and chalcopyrite semiconductors. Such photogenerated DX‐like centers in the Bi‐doped CH3NH3PbBr3 can trap mobile band electrons and enhance charge recombination, thus reducing the conductivity. This mechanism is consistent with the observations of crossover from PPC to NPC as functions of temperature, composition, and illumination. The results underscore the importance of defect engineering for tuning the optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites.
Osteoporotic Bone Recovery by a Highly Bone‐Inductive Calcium Phosphate Polymer‐Induced Liquid‐Precursor
Authors: Yao Shasha , Lin Xianfeng , Xu Yifei , Chen Yangwu , Qiu Pengcheng , Shao Changyu , Jin Biao , Mu Zhao , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. , Tang Ruikang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis is an incurable chronic disease characterized by a lack of mineral mass in the bones. Here, the full recovery of osteoporotic bone is achieved by using a calcium phosphate polymer‐induced liquid‐precursor (CaP‐PILP). This free‐flowing CaP‐PILP material displays excellent bone inductivity and is able to readily penetrate into collagen fibrils and form intrafibrillar hydroxyapatite crystals oriented along the c‐axis. This ability is attributed to the microstructure of the material, which consists of homogeneously distributed ultrasmall (≈1 nm) amorphous calcium phosphate clusters. In vitro study shows the strong affinity of CaP‐PILP to osteoporotic bone, which can be uniformly distributed throughout the bone tissue to significantly increase the bone density. In vivo experiments show that the repaired bones exhibit satisfactory mechanical performance comparable with normal ones, following a promising treatment of osteoporosis by using CaP‐PILP. The discovery provides insight into the structure and property of biological nanocluster materials and their potential for hard tissue repair.
Synthesis of Ultrathin Biotite Nanosheets as an Intelligent Theranostic Platform for Combination Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ji Xiaoyuan , Kang Yong , Ouyang Jiang , Chen Yunhan , Artzi Dolev , Zeng Xiaobin , Xiao Yuling , Feng Chan , Qi Baowen , Kim Na Yoon , Saw Phei Er , Kong Na , Farokhzad Omid C. , Tao Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiotite, also called black mica (BM), is a group of sheet silicate minerals with great potential in various fields. However, synthesis of high‐quality BM nanosheets (NSs) remains a huge challenge. Here, an exfoliation approach is provided that combines calcination, n‐butyllithium exchange and intercalation, and liquid exfoliating processes for the high‐yield synthesis of ultrathin BM NSs. Due to the presence of MgO, Fe2O3, and FeO in these NSs, PEGylated BM can be engineered as an intelligent theranostic platform with the following unique features: i) Fe3+ can damage the tumor microenvironment (TME) through glutathione consumption and O2 production; ii) Generated O2 can be further catalyzed by MgO with oxygen vacancy to generate ·O2−; iii) The Fe2+‐catalyzed Fenton reaction can produce ·OH by disproportionation reactions of H2O2 in the TME; iv) Reactions in (i) and (iii) circularly regenerate Fe2+ and Fe3+ for continuous consumption of glutathione and H2O2 and constant production of ·OH and O2; v) The NSs can be triggered by a 650 nm laser to generate ·O2− from O2 as well as by an 808 nm laser to generate local hyperthermia; and vi) The fluorescent, photoacoustic, and photothermal imaging capabilities of the engineered NSs allow for multimodal imaging‐guided breast cancer treatment.
A brief version of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mattos Jose L. , Edwards Campbell , Schlosser Rodney J. , Hyer Madison , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders‒Negative Statements (QOD‐NS) is a valuable instrument in the measurement of olfactory‐specific quality of life (QOL). In the clinical setting, patients can be overwhelmed with the time required to complete questionnaires. Our objective was to develop a brief version of the QOD‐NS to streamline clinical care and research.MethodsQOD‐NS scores from 221 subjects were used to determine which subset of the 17 QOD‐NS questions best correlated with total and subdomain QOD‐NS scores. An initial pool of 11 questions was made by removing items with ρ < 0.80 to their respective subdomain scores. Next, 500 bootstrapped samples were taken. On each sampe, an all‐subsets regression was performed with total QOD‐NS scores and QOD‐NS subdomain scores as the outcomes. From this, our “top” and “bottom” 10 subsets were identified based on mean r2 value, representation in bootstrap analysis, and number of items.ResultsAll of our top subsets had excellent correlation with total and subdomain QOD‐NS scores (mean r2 > 0.90). Our top choice has 7 total questions, is representative of all subdomains, has a mean r2 = 0.92, and was represented in 323 of our 500 bootstrapped samples. The worst‐performing subset has 5 items, mean r2 = 0.81, and was represented in only 1 bootstrapped sample.ConclusionsUsing less than half of the questions in the QOD‐NS, excellent correlations with both total and domain‐specific scores are achieved. A brief version of the QOD‐NS may prove useful in future clinical and research settings.
Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in bronchiectasis patients suspected of ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: McCormick Justin P. , Weeks Christopher G. , Rivers Nicholas J. , Owen Jacob D. , Kelly David R. , Rowe Steven M. , Solomon George M. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Cho Do‐Yeon 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundMucociliary clearance is a main defense mechanism of the airway and is impaired in ciliary dyskinesia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its characteristics in bronchiectasis patients suspected of harboring ciliary dyskinesia.MethodsBronchiectasis patients referred to a rhinology clinic for nasal brush biopsy (NBB) were included in this study. NBB was performed using a curettage technique whereby ciliated epithelial cells were obtained from the surface of the inferior nasal turbinate. Results of transmission electron microscopy findings, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) gene (35 genes) analyses (Invitae), and sinus computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐three patients (age, 54 ± 2.9 years) were referred for NBB between 2015 and 2018. Thirteen patients (56.5%) met the criteria for diagnosis of CRS. Nineteen patients had ciliary ultrastructural defects. The most common finding was compound cilia (n = 11, 47.8%). Five patients (21.7%) had central microtubule defects (CMD) with higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at the time of referral than those without CMD (CMD+, 91 ± 3.7%; CMD−, 73.5 ± 5.7%; p = 0.023). Of 15 subjects with a PCD gene panel, 67% (9 of 15) carried at least 1 gene associated with PCD. Only 1 patient reached diagnosis of PCD. Approximately 50% of non‐PCD carriers had a smoking history (p < 0.05). Lund‐Mackay scores did not significantly differ between PCD and non‐PCD carriers (p = 0.72).ConclusionNearly half of bronchiectasis patients referred for NBB had concurrent CRS. The presence of ciliary abnormalities was not amplified in bronchiectasis patients with CRS compared to those without CRS. Extrinsic factors may be related to ciliary structural abnormalities in non‐PCD gene carriers.
Evaluation of Beeswax, Candelilla Wax, Rice Bran Wax, and Sunflower Wax as Alternative Stabilizers for Peanut Butter
Authors: Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Anderson Julie , Byars Jeffrey A. , Singh Mukti , Hwang Hong‐Sik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFour natural waxes were evaluated as stabilizers in peanut butter. The potential advantage of using natural waxes would be the replacement of current stabilizers such as hydrogenated or tropical oils, thereby reducing saturated fats and satisfying clean label requirements. Beeswax (BW), candelilla wax (CLW), rice bran wax (RBW), sunflower wax (SFW), and a commercial peanut butter stabilizer, hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCO), were added to three natural peanut butter brands at levels ranging from 0.5% to 2.0% (w/w) and tested for accelerated oil release, long‐term stability, firmness, and rheology. At levels ≥0.5%, all waxes improved oil‐binding capacity (OBC). SFW and HCO had the highest OBC, followed by RBW, CLW, and BW. All waxes reduced the amount of oil separation after 6 months at 22 ± 2 °C. HCO followed by SFW reduced oil separation the most, but there were no significant differences between stabilizers at 1–2%. Firmness and yield stress increased with increasing stabilizer level, with SFW increasing firmness the most, followed by HCO, RBW, and CLW, while BW had the lowest effect. The results indicate that the waxes may be feasible replacements for hydrogenated oils as peanut butter stabilizers, but levels would need to be optimized depending on the product characteristics and wax type.
A facial recognition tool and legislative changes for improved enforcement of the CITES Appendix II listing of the humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus
Authors: Hau Cheuk Yu , Sadovy de Mitcheson Yvonne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Humphead, or Napoleon, wrasse, (Cheilinus undulatus), is a large reef fish naturally vulnerable to over‐exploitation and highly prized as luxury seafood. It is predominantly consumed in Hong Kong and mainland China. Hong Kong is the global trade hub for this species. In 2004 (effective 2005), the humphead wrasse was listed on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix II that substantially improved understanding and management of the species although illegal, unregulated and/or undocumented trade (IUU) continues.
To understand patterns of trade in humphead wrasse, evaluate implementation of the CITES listing and identify ways to tackle IUU, especially in Hong Kong, data from multiple sources, including government databases between 1999 and 2017 and independent retail surveys between 2014 and 2017, were compiled.
IUU trade into and through Hong Kong was detected, but declined following increased government enforcement in 2016. Nonetheless, fish numbers on sale continue to exceed imports with CITES permits and mainland China only sparsely reports imports of the species. Approximately 0.5–1.5 metric tonnes were traded internationally annually.
Several legislative loopholes undermine enforcement into and within Hong Kong, including poor oversight of live fish carrier vessels and air imports, excessively long validity period for Licences to Possess in the city, non‐compliant traders, and legislative exemptions or omissions. The introduction of a ranched fish category in 2018 by Indonesia created additional challenges. More intelligence and risk analyses could help enforcers target their work.
A major enforcement challenge is the inability to distinguish legally from illegally imported fish within Hong Kong. To improve fish tracking, identifying individuals using their complex facial patterns as fingerprints was explored; proof‐of‐concept was demonstrated using a mobile phone application: Saving Face. Facial marks were determined to be long‐lasting and different enough to distinguish among multiple individuals.
Five‐Year Outcome of Operative and Nonoperative Management of Meniscal Tear in Persons Older Than Forty‐Five Years
Authors: Katz Jeffrey N. , Shrestha Swastina , Losina Elena , Jones Morgan H. , Marx Robert G. , Mandl Lisa A. , Levy Bruce A. , MacFarlane Lindsey A. , Spindler Kurt P. , Silva Genevieve S. ,   METEOR Investigators, Collins Jamie E. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the 5‐year outcome of treatment for meniscal tear in osteoarthritis.MethodsWe examined 5‐year follow‐up data from the Meniscal Tear in Osteoarthritis Research trial (METEOR) of physical therapy versus arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. We performed primary intent‐to‐treat (ITT) and secondary as‐treated analyses. The primary outcome measure was the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain scale; total knee replacement (TKR) was a secondary outcome measure. We used piecewise linear mixed models to describe change in KOOS pain. We calculated 5‐year cumulative TKR incidence and used a Cox model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for TKR, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsThree hundred fifty‐one participants were randomized. In the ITT analysis, the KOOS pain scores were ~46 (scale of 0 [no pain] to 100 [most pain]) at baseline in both groups. Pain scores improved substantially in both groups over the first 3 months, continued to improve through the next 24 months (to ~18 in each group), and were stable at 24–60 months. Results of the as‐treated analyses of the KOOS pain score were similar. Twenty‐five participants (7.1% [95% CI 4.4–9.8%]) underwent TKR over 5 years. In the ITT model, the HR for TKR was 2.0 (95% CI 0.8–4.9) for subjects randomized to the arthroscopic partial meniscectomy group, compared to those randomized to the physical therapy group. In the as‐treated analysis, the HR for TKR was 4.9 (95% CI 1.1–20.9) for subjects ultimately treated with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, compared to those treated nonoperatively.ConclusionPain improved considerably in both groups over 60 months. While ITT analysis revealed no statistically significant differences following TKR, greater frequency of TKR in those undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy merits further study.