bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline predicts future cardiovascular events in elderly Chinese individuals
Authors: Xie Yanxia , Gao Jinyue , Guo Rongrong , Zheng Jia , Wang Yali , Dai Yue , Sun Zhaoqing , Xing Liying , Zhang Xingang , Sun Ying Xian , Zheng Liqiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) hypertension guideline updated stage 1 hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 130‐139 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80‐89 mm Hg. However, the impact of 1 hypertension that affects future cardiovascular risk remains unclear among older adults in rural China. The prospective cohort study included 7503 adults aged ≥60 years with complete data and no cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline. Follow‐up for the new adverse events was conducted from the end of the baseline survey to the end of the third follow‐up survey (2007.01‐2017.12). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for blood pressure (BP) classifications and adverse events with normal BP as reference (< 120/80 mm Hg). During the 57 290 person‐years follow‐up period, 2261 all‐cause mortality, 1271 CVD mortality, 1159 stroke, and 347 myocardial infarctions (MI) occurred. Patients with stage 1 hypertension versus normal BP had HRs (95% CI) of 1.068 (0.904‐1.261) for all‐cause mortality, 1.304 (1.015‐1.675) for CVD mortality, 1.449 (1.107‐1.899) for stroke, and 1.735 (1.051‐2.863) for MI, respectively. In conclusion, among adults aged ≥60 years, stage 1 hypertension revealed an increased hazard of CVD mortality, stroke, and MI, which is complementary evidence for the application of 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines in an older Chinese population. Therefore, BP control in patients with stage 1 hypertension may be beneficial to reduce the hazard of CVD in elderly Chinese individuals.
The effects of topiroxostat on vascular function in patients with hyperuricemia
Authors: Higa Shingo , Shima Daisuke , Tomitani Naoko , Fujimoto Yoko , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractXanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors, such as allopurinol and febuxostat, inhibit the catalysis of serum uric acid (SUA) synthesis. In doing so, they are thought to improve vascular endothelial function in patients with hyperuricemia and cardiovascular risk by reducing increases in SUA and reactive oxygen species levels. We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effects of topiroxostat, a novel XOR inhibitor, on vascular function measured by flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) on ultrasonography. In total, 23 patients with hyperuricemia were enrolled. After approximately 8 weeks, topiroxostat was associated with a significant increase in the peak percentage change in diameter (∆FMD) from 4.53% ± 2.09% to 5.54% ± 3.08% (P = .045). It also significantly reduced the SUA levels from 7.31 ± 1.43 to 5.44 ± 1.11 mg/dL (P < .001). Although further studies are needed to validate these results, it appears that topiroxostat improves vascular endothelial function in patients with hyperuricemia.
Avoiding Unnecessary Disparities in Care: Evaluating Noninvasive Prenatal Screening Performance via Whole Genome Sequencing Across Classes of Obesity
Authors: Haverty Carrie E. , Muzzey Dale 
Published: September 2019

Purpose/AimExamine how well noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) performs in women across body mass index (BMI) classes.HypothesisNIPS via whole genome sequencing better serves all women, regardless of BMI, compared with traditional maternal serum screening.Significance/BackgroundNoninvasive Prenatal Screening (NIPS), increasingly offered as a first‐line aneuploidy screen, has superior performance compared with maternal serum screening (MSS). Fetal fraction (FF) is one of the many factors that influence the performance of NIPS. Low FF is associated with early gestational age, a compromised placenta (eg, from triploidy and certain aneuploidies), and high BMI. By far, the most common driver of low FF is high BMI. The most recent American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics statement recommends “offering aneuploidy screening other than NIPS in cases of significant obesity.” However, patients with high BMI constitute approximately25% of US pregnancies, creating a significant disparity in care based on weight.Methods58,639 patients who received NIPS were stratified into standard BMI classes. For each BMI group, the aggregate analytical sensitivity was calculated by summing—over the range of FF values—the product of 1) the sensitivity for a given FF and depth based on a model of whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) NIPS and 2) the BMI‐specific probability of observing a patient at that FF. Scaled sensitivities were incorporated into residual‐risk calculations to assess impact on patient results reporting.FindingsDue to downward shifts in the FF distribution, NIPS sensitivity drops as BMI increases: non‐obese analytical sensitivity for T21 is 99.5%, whereas for class III it is 94.1%. Nevertheless, even patients with class III BMI have expected T21 sensitivity in excess of that obtainable via standard MSS (92.9%). Sensitivity for T13 and T18 was also higher across the BMI spectrum for WGS‐based NIPS relative to MSS.DiscussionWGS‐based NIPS with high performance at low FF is a high‐quality aneuploidy screening option for all women, regardless of BMI. Providers can therefore offer the same high level of care to all patients, regardless of body habitus.
Maternal Confidence for Physiologic Birth: Instrument Development and Testing
Authors: Neerland Carrie 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionMaternal confidence is associated with enhanced birth experiences through a greater sense of control, feeling more informed, and less pain during labor. A valid and reliable measure of prenatal confidence for physiologic birth for clinical use to identify areas where confidence might be enhanced has not yet been developed.MethodsThis was a multi‐phased instrument development study. Qualitative analysis from a study with 14 women who had a normal physiologic birth, along with concept analysis on maternal confidence, informed the development of a 22‐item Likert scale, the Preparation for Labor and Birth (P‐LAB) instrument. Content validity and face validity were evaluated by a panel of 10 experts including midwives, physicians, and women who had a normal physiologic birth. Psychometric testing of the instrument was performed with a sample of 206 women who were between 34 0/7 to 38 6/7 weeks’ gestation from 5 Midwestern clinics.ResultsThe P‐LAB demonstrated content validity, internal consistency, stability over time, and beginning construct validity. All items had content validity index (CVI) scores greater than or equal to 0.8 and total instrument CVI of 0.95. Four subscales were identified: planned use of pain medication, trusted relationship with care provider and care environment, confidence or fear for childbirth, and support (eg, partner, provider, environment). Cronbach's coefficients alpha for the 4 extracted factors were 0.93, 0.76, 0.73, and 0.74, accordingly. Intraclass correlation (95% CI) for the total questionnaire was 0.92 (0.88 ‐ 0.94).DiscussionExploratory findings demonstrate that the P‐LAB instrument exhibits beginning validity and reliability in the measurement of prenatal maternal confidence for normal physiologic birth. The P‐LAB instrument is a potentially clinically useful instrument to measure maternal confidence for normal physiologic birth, however, more testing is required for continuing to establish construct validity.
Insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase inhibitor‐mediated increases in dendritic spine density are facilitated by glucose uptake
Authors: Seyer Benjamin , Diwakarla Shanti , Burns Peta , Hallberg Anders , Grӧnbladh Alfhild , Hallberg Mathias , Chai Siew Yeen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEthyl2‐acetylamino‐7‐hydroxy‐4‐pyridin‐3‐yl‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carboxylate (HFI‐419), the benzopyran‐based inhibitor of insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), has previously been shown to improve spatial working and recognition memory in rodents. However, the mechanism of its cognitive‐enhancing effect remains unknown. There is a close correlation between dendritic spine density and learning in vivo and several studies suggest that increases in neuronal glucose uptake and/or alterations to the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may improve memory and increase dendritic spine density. We aimed to identify the potential mechanism by which HFI‐419 enhances memory by utilizing rat primary cultures of hippocampal cells. Alterations to dendritic spine density were assessed in the presence of varying concentrations of HFI‐419 at different stages of hippocampal cell development. In addition, glucose uptake and changes to spine density were assessed in the presence of indinavir, an inhibitor of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), or the matrix metalloprotease inhibitor CAS 204140‐01‐2. We confirmed that inhibition of IRAP activity with HFI‐419 enhanced spatial working memory in rats, and determined that this enhancement may be driven by GLUT4‐mediated changes to dendritic spine density. We observed that IRAP inhibition increased dendritic spine density prior to peak dendritic growth in hippocampal neurons, and that spine formation was inhibited when GLUT4‐mediated glucose uptake was blocked. In addition, during the peak phase of dendritic spine growth, the effect of IRAP inhibition on enhancement of dendritic spine density resulted specifically in an increase in the proportion of mushroom/stubby‐like spines, a morphology associated with memory and learning. Moreover, these spines were deemed to be functional based on their expression of the pre‐synaptic markers vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and synapsin. Overall, or findings suggest that IRAP inhibitors may facilitate memory by increasing hippocampal dendritic spine density via a GLUT4‐mediated mechanism.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14745.
The effect of allogenic human Wharton's jelly stem cells seeded onto acellular dermal matrix in healing of rat burn wounds
Authors: Nazempour Mehra , Mehrabani Davood , Mehdinavaz‐Aghdam Rouhollah , Hashemi Seyedeh‐Sara , Derakhshanfar Amin , Zare Shahrokh , Zardosht Mitra , Moayedi Javad , Vahedi Mahjoob 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundVarious methods were introduced to overcome the autograft shortage in burn wound care, including cell transplantation and tissue engineering.AimsTo evaluate the healing effect of allogenic human Wharton's jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) seeded onto acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in rat burn injuries.Patients and MethodsHuman Wharton's jelly stem cells provided from umbilical cord tissue were characterized before transplantation, and the growth kinetic was determined. Skin samples from cosmetic surgeries were used for preparation of ADM. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Third‐degree burn was induced for all animals by exposing to hot water using a 2 cm ring for 10 seconds. Group 1 was burned rats that did not receive any treatment. After burn injury, the second group received silver sulfadiazine (SSD), the third group was treated just by using ADM, and the fourth group received 2 × 106 hWJSCs seeded onto ADM. The animals were euthanized for histologic evaluation after 7, 14, and 21 days.ResultsHuman Wharton's jelly stem cells were characterized to be spindle shape and positive for osteogenic and adipogenic induction and for mesenchymal markers but lacked hematopoietic markers. Population doubling time (PDT) was 40.1 hours with an increasing growth trend until day 6th. Macro‐ and microscopically, the healing was mild in ADM group and moderate in ADM + hWJSCs group after 21 days.ConclusionAllogenic hWJSCs seeded onto ADM improved the healing process in burn wounds denoting to their therapeutic and anti‐inflammatory effects in burn wounds that can be added to the literature.
The Tick technique: A method to simplify and quantify treatment of the tear trough region
Authors: Hussain Syed N. , Mangal Sonia , Goodman Greg J. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe hollowing of the infraorbital area (tear trough) is anatomically complex, and complications are frequent with its treatment. A simplified, quantifiable, and reproducible technique should encourage more novice injectors to confidently address this region.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a simplified method of treating the tear trough by using BD insulin syringes with fixed 6 mm 31G needles.Patients/MethodA total of 150 sequential patients were divided into Hirman's three grades of tear trough deformity and were injected with up to three small boluses of hyaluronic acid at three defined anatomical regions. The amount injected varied with the grade of volume loss but all injections were deep on periosteum and under the orbicularis oculi muscle. Patients photographs before and after were reviewed to assess the outcome.ResultsAll patients at all time points (immediate, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months) were improved by patient and physician assessment. Approximately 90% at all time points rated their results as “very” or “exceptionally” improved. Adverse events were short term and included swelling, redness, pain, and bruising. No adverse events seen after the 1‐week visit. No Tyndall effect was noted throughout the study and no filler required removal.ConclusionThis interventional‐observational study illustrates the value of a simplified and quantifiable injection technique with predictable and satisfactory outcome and a low complication rate. We propose a possible way forward for aspiring aesthetic physicians to treat tear trough with confidence to minimize complications and maximize the outcome.
Serum levels of lead and selenium in patients with premature graying of the hair
Authors: Kiafar Bita , Taheri Ahmadreza , Isaac Hashemy Seyed , Saki Azadeh , Mahdeianfar Bahareh , Taghavi Faezeh , Vahabi‐Amlashi Sadegh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe exact etiology of premature hair graying (PHG) remains unknown; however, oxidative stress is shown to be involved. Selenium, as an antioxidant, is widely known for its antiaging potentials. Moreover, PGH is more prevalent among addicts and because Lead is a common impurity found in illegal drug.AimsWe evaluated the serum levels of lead and selenium in patients with PHG and compared it with a control group.Patients/MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 60 patients referred to Dermatology Clinic of Imam‐Reza Hospital of Mashhad, Iran in 2015 were evaluated in two groups with and without PHG. Demographic information and disease characteristics, skin phenotype, and family history of PHG were recorded. Furthermore, 5 mL of brachial blood was drawn for measuring selenium and lead levels.ResultsThe mean patients' age was 28.1 ± 4.8 years. Age, sex, occupation, and skin phenotype in individuals with and without PHG were not significantly different (P > .05) but family history of PHG was significantly higher in the patients with PHG (P = .001). Similarly, the number of white hairs was significantly higher (P < .001), and the age of onset of hair graying was significantly lower in patients with PHG (P < .001). Serum levels of selenium and lead were not significantly different between two groups (P < .05). However, the serum levels of lead in the patients with PHG were slightly higher.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in lead and selenium serum levels in patients with and without PHG.
MicroRNA‐21 promotes bone reconstruction in maxillary bone defects
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Hong , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Zijie , Zhao Xiaolu , Wang Chunling , Wei Fulan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundBone reconstruction of the maxillary bone defects is an urgent issue due to its functional and aesthetic influence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non‐coding RNAs that function in diverse biological and pathological processes. Recently, microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) was reported to play significant roles in bone formation, suggesting that miR‐21 can be novel biomarker and therapeutic target for bone remodelling and skeletal diseases. However, the role of miR‐21 in maxillary bone defects remains unclear.Objective and MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the effect of miR‐21 on the bone reconstruction by inducing maxillary bone defects in wild‐type (WT) and miR‐21 knockout (miR‐21‐KO) mice and explore these mice as maxillary bone defect models.ResultsMicro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histochemistry showed that the miR‐21‐KO mice had reduced bone reformation ability compared with the WT mice. The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) were dramatically decreased in the miR‐21‐KO mice. In addition, injection of miR‐21 agomir intra‐peritoneally into miR‐21‐KO mice (miR‐21‐KO+ agomir) following the maxillary bone defects surgery displayed a significantly enhanced bone formation ‐promoting ability, which indicated that miR‐21 agomir could ameliorate maxillary bone defects in miR‐21‐KO mice in vivo. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry suggested that ALP and OCN expressions were prominently increased in miR‐21‐KO+ agomir mice.ConclusionThese findings demonstrated that miR‐21 deficiency impaired bone reformation and miR‐21 contributed to the bone reconstruction of the maxillary bone defects. The evidence also supported the use of WT and miR‐21‐KO mice as maxillary bone defect models for further research.
Age‐related intestinal monosaccharides transporters expression and villus surface area increase in broiler and layer chickens
Authors: Li Huifeng , Cheng Jin , Yuan Yitong , Luo Rong , Zhu Zhiwei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the chicken small intestine, glucose is mainly transported by the apically located sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and the basolaterally located glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). Fructose is transported by the apically located glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) and similarly by GLUT2. During the early post‐hatching period, the intestinal villus surface area (VSA) should be considered as an important factor related to the monosaccharide absorption capacity. Our objective here was to study intestinal monosaccharide absorption by analyzing the effects of age, diet, and breed on monosaccharide transporters and the VSA. The mRNA expression patterns of SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5 genes in broiler and layer chickens were measured from the day of hatching to day 28 using the absolute quantitative real‐time PCR. Both the intestinal mRNA expression levels of these genes and the VSA were affected by age. The mRNA expression levels of SGLT1 and GLUT2 were significantly increased from day 1 to day 3 and then decreased from day 3 to day 28. The expression levels of GLUT5 decreased from day 1 to day 7. The broiler chickens VSAs were significantly larger than those of the layer chickens from days 7 to 28. The effect of diet on the gene expression patterns of these monosaccharide transporters and the VSA were not significant. Our results suggest that the expression levels of these monosaccharide transporters are increased rapidly at the beginning of intestinal growth to meet the demands for monosaccharides to support the fast growth of the chick before day 7. As intestinal maturation and VSA increased, the expression levels of these monosaccharide genes decreased to a certain expression level to maintain the intestinal transport capacity and the absorption balance of all other nutrients.
The flagellotropic bacteriophage YSD1 targets Salmonella Typhi with a Chi‐like protein tail fibre
Authors: Dunstan Rhys A. , Pickard Derek , Dougan Sam , Goulding David , Cormie Claire , Hardy Joshua , Li Fuyi , Grinter Rhys , Harcourt Katherine , Yu Lu , Song Jiangning , Schreiber Fernanda , Choudhary Jyoti , Clare Simon , Coulibaly Fasseli , Strugnell Richard A. , Dougan Gordon , Lithgow Trevor 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe discovery of a Salmonella‐targeting phage from the waterways of the United Kingdom provided an opportunity to address the mechanism by which Chi‐like bacteriophage (phage) engages with bacterial flagellae. The long tail fibre seen on Chi‐like phages has been proposed to assist the phage particle in docking to a host cell flagellum, but the identity of the protein that generates this fibre was unknown. We present the results from genome sequencing of this phage, YSD1, confirming its close relationship to the original Chi phage and suggesting candidate proteins to form the tail structure. Immunogold labelling in electron micrographs revealed that YSD1_22 forms the main shaft of the tail tube, while YSD1_25 forms the distal part contributing to the tail spike complex. The long curling tail fibre is formed by the protein YSD1_29, and treatment of phage with the antibodies that bind YSD1_29 inhibits phage infection of Salmonella. The host range for YSD1 across Salmonella serovars is broad, but not comprehensive, being limited by antigenic features of the flagellin subunits that make up the Salmonella flagellum, with which YSD1_29 engages to initiate infection.
Monoderm bacteria: the new frontier for type IV pilus biology
Authors: Pelicic Vladimir 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn the diverse world of bacterial pili, type IV pili (Tfp) are unique for two reasons: their multifunctionality and ubiquity. This latter feature offers an extraordinary possibility, that is, to perform comparative studies in evolutionarily distant species in order to improve our fragmentary understanding of Tfp biology. Regrettably, such potential has remained largely untapped, because, for 20 years, Tfp have only been characterised in diderm bacteria. However, recent studies of Tfp in monoderms have started closing the gap, revealing many interesting commonalities and a few significant differences, extending the frontiers of knowledge of Tfp biology. Here, I review the current state of the art of the Tfp field in monoderm bacteria and discuss resulting implications for our general understanding of the assembly and function of these widespread filamentous nanomachines.
Malassezia colonisation on a reconstructed human epidermis: Imaging studies
Authors: Pedrosa Ana Filipa , Lisboa Carmen , Branco Joana , Almeida Ana C. , Mendes Claudia , Pellevoisin Christian , Leite‐Moreira Adelino , Miranda Isabel M. , Rodrigues Acacio G. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundBiofilm formation represents a major microbial virulence attribute especially at epithelial surfaces such as the skin. Malassezia biofilm formation at the skin surface has not yet been addressed.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate Malassezia colonisation pattern on a reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) by imaging techniques.MethodsMalassezia clinical isolates were previously isolated from volunteers with pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis. Yeast of two strains of M furfur and M sympodialis were inoculated onto the SkinEthic™ RHE. The tissues were processed for light microscopy, wide‐field fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsColonisation of the RhE surface with aggregates of Malassezia yeast entrapped in a multilayer sheet with variable amount of extracellular matrix was unveiled by imaging techniques following 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. Whenever yeast were suspended in RPMI medium supplemented with lipids, the biofilm substantially increased with a dense extracellular matrix in which the yeast cells were embedded. Slight differences were found in the biofilm architectural structure between the two tested species with an apparently higher entrapment and viscosity in M furfur biofilm.ConclusionSkin isolates of M furfur and M sympodialis were capable of forming biofilm in vitro at the epidermal surface simulating in vivo conditions. Following 24 hours of incubation, without added lipids, rudimental matrix was barely visible, conversely to the reported at plastic surfaces. The amount of biofilm apparently increased progressively from 48 to 96 hours. A structural heterogeneity of biofilm between species was found.