bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The power of N‐PASS, aEEG, and BIS in detecting different levels of sedation in neonates: A preliminary study
Authors: Giordano Vito , Deindl Philipp , Goeral Katharina , Czaba Christine , Weninger Manfred , Berger Angelika , Olischar Monika , Werther Tobias 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundSedatives are essential drugs in every intensive care unit in order to ensure the patient's optimal level of comfort. Avoiding conditions of over‐ and under‐sedation is a challenge in a neonatal intensive care setting. Drug administration could be optimized by the concomitant use of objective methods to assess the level of sedation.AimsWe aimed to look at the ability of different methods (Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale, amplitude‐integrated Electroencephalogram, and Bispectral Index), and their combination, in detecting different level of sedation.MethodsTwenty‐seven neonates among whom 17 were receiving sedatives with or without opiate analgesics were monitored using the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale, the amplitude‐integrated Electroencephalogram, and the Bispectral Index. According to the expert opinion of two trained neonatologists, patients were categorized into three groups: no, light, and deep sedation. Four hours of simultaneous assessment of the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale scores, Burdjalov scores (to summarize the amplitude‐integrated Electroencephalogram trace), and Bispectral Index values were considered for the comparative analysis across these groups.ResultsAll three methods could differentiate patients who were not sedated from those who were deeply sedated: median score 12 and 9, respectively, (95% CI of difference = 1.99‐5.99, P = 0.001) for the amplitude‐integrated Electroencephalogram Burdjalov score; median 1 and −5, respectively, (95% CI of difference = 2.99‐8.00, P = 0.001) for the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale; and median 48 and 37, respectively, (CI of difference = 1.77‐22.00, P = 0.043) for the Bispectral Index. However none of them, used alone, was able to differentiate light and deep sedation: median score 10 and 9, respectively, for the amplitude‐integrated Electroencephalogram Burdjalov score; median −2 and −5, respectively, for the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale; and median 48 and 37, respectively, for the Bispectral Index. Only the amplitude‐integrated Electroencephalogram and the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale were able to differentiate between the conditions of no sedation and light sedation. Also, according to the area under the curves values, the combination of the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale with the Burdjalov score derived from the amplitude‐integrated Electroencephalogram showed the best accuracy in differentiating light and deep sedation.ConclusionWhile none of the three methods alone was able to precisely differentiate between different levels of sedation, we suggest that using a combination of amplitude‐integrated Electroencephalogram and Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale can be useful to distinguish between light and deep sedation in neonatal patients.
Anesthetic considerations for magnetic resonance imaging‐guided right‐heart catheterization in pediatric patients: A single institution experience
Authors: Deutsch Nina , Swink Jonathan , Matisoff Andrew J. , Olivieri Laura J. , Cross Russell R. , Waberski Andrew T. , Unegbu Chinwe , Cronin Ileen F. , Kanter Joshua P. , Schwartz Jamie M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCardiac catheterization is an integral part of medical management for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Owing to age and lack of cooperation in children who need this procedure, general anesthesia is typically required. These patients have increased anesthesia risk secondary to cardiac pathology. Furthermore, multiple catheterization procedures result in exposure to harmful ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging‐guided right‐heart catheterization offers decreased radiation exposure and diagnostic imaging benefits over traditional fluoroscopy but potentially increases anesthetic complexity and risk. We describe our early experience with anesthetic techniques and challenges for pediatric magnetic resonance imaging‐guided right‐heart catheterization.
A retrospective comparison of propofol to dexmedetomidine for pediatric magnetic resonance imaging sedation in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Kang RyungA , Shin Young Hee , Gil Nam‐Su , Oh Ye Na , Hahm Tae Soo , Jeong Ji Seon 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundMucopolysaccharidosis type II patients are reported to have an elevated incidence of difficult airway. Propofol is a commonly used sedative for magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients, but patients who receive it may exhibit dose‐dependent upper airway obstruction and respiratory depression. Dexmedetomidine also provides adequate procedural sedation with a relatively low risk of airway obstruction. Accordingly, we introduced the use of dexmedetomidine in our practice to reduce the risk of airway obstruction during magnetic resonance imaging procedures.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of artificial airway interventions in patients sedated with propofol and compare it to that in patients sedated with dexmedetomidine in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II during magnetic resonance imaging procedures.MethodsAll mucopolysaccharidosis type II patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging at our institution between April 2014 and February 2018 were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were managed before and after the introduction of dexmedetomidine: those who were sedated with propofol (group P) and those who were sedated with dexmedetomidine (group D).ResultsForty‐six sedations were performed in 27 patients. Artificial airway interventions were significantly more frequent during propofol‐based than dexmedetomidine‐based sedation: 14 of 32 (43.8%) in group P and 1 of 14 (7.1%) in group D (odds ratio, 10.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.18‐86.85; P = 0.018). Time to awake and time to discharge were similar between groups. Changes in hemodynamic variables also did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionDexmedetomidine provides an adequate level of sedation and is associated with lower rates of artificial airway interventions compared to propofol. Therefore, dexmedetomidine may offer advantages for preserving the native airway compared to propofol when administered during magnetic resonance imaging scans in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II.
Analgesic effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a paracetamol/ibuprofen fixed‐dose combination in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A randomized, single‐blind, parallel group trial
Authors: Playne Rebecca , Anderson Brian J. , Frampton Chris , Stanescu Ioana , Atkinson Hartley C. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundPain following tonsillectomy is often poorly managed in the home setting. Multimodal analgesia with acetaminophen (paracetamol) and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs offers superior analgesia over monotherapy but may be difficult for caregivers to manage. A fixed‐dose combination oral suspension product containing paracetamol and ibuprofen has been developed to facilitate pediatric dosing.AimsThe aims of this study are to determine the analgesic effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of the fixed‐dose combination at two doses in the pediatric population.MethodsIn this prospective, multicenter, randomized, single‐blind, parallel group trial, 251 children aged 2‐12 years undergoing day‐stay (adeno)tonsillectomy were randomized to two dose groups of the fixed‐dose combination. A doubled loading dose was given preoperatively, followed by treatment for up to 11 days (Higher dose: paracetamol 15 mg/kg + ibuprofen 4.5 mg/kg, Lower dose: paracetamol 12 mg/kg + ibuprofen 3.6 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis for up to 6 hours after the loading dose. The analgesic effectiveness was examined on the first day after surgery using both Parents Postoperative Pain Measurement and modified Wong‐Baker Faces pain scales. Rescue medication consumption was recorded throughout the study.ResultsDifferences in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and total exposure (AUC0→t) between the treatment groups for both analytes were consistent with a 25% increase in dose; there was no difference in time to peak concentration (Tmax). On the first postoperative day, there was no difference in pain scores or rescue medication use between treatment groups (approximately 30% in both groups). The combination was well tolerated by both groups. The most common adverse events were vomiting and nausea. The incidence of postoperative bleeding was 4.4%.ConclusionThe shallow dose‐response relationship and good tolerability of the fixed‐dose combination over an extended study period supports the utility of both doses of the fixed‐dose combination in the home setting.
Comparative studies of photosynthetic capacity in three pigmented red algal parasites: Chlorophyll a concentrations and PAM fluorometry measurements
Authors: Preuss Maren , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYOver 100 species of red algae have been described as parasites on other red algae, but the majority show some degree of pigmentation. This raises the question of their parasitic status, especially their abilities to photosynthesize and their dependence on their host for fixed carbon. Are they considered parasites only based on morphological characters, for example, reduced size and secondary pit connection to the host? Translocation of nutrients from host to parasite have been shown for very few red algal parasites, and these were mostly unpigmented. This study investigated three pigmented red algal parasites (Rhodophyllis parasitica, Vertebrata aterrimophila and Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica) from New Zealand. We quantified their chlorophyll a content and also measured their PSII capacity using PAM fluorometry. All three parasites contained chlorophyll a. The parasites Rhodophyllis parasitica and Vertebrata aterrimophila were not able to photosynthesize and must therefore be fully nutritional dependent on their host. The parasite Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica was able to photosynthesize independently, but based on molecular characteristics we suggest that it relies on the host plastid to do photosynthesis. Our results support the parasitic status of all three species and highlights the necessity of more studies investigating the differences in host dependency in red algal parasites.
The lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus: a noxious pest or a promising nutrient source?
Authors: Rumbos Christos I. , Karapanagiotidis Ioannis T. , Mente Eleni , Athanassiou Christos G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is one of the most common insect pests in commercial poultry farms, where it reproduces within the litter floor, feeding on poultry manure, spilled feed and other organic material. It can also infest, feed and reproduce on stored grains and related amylaceous commodities. Its significance is related mostly with the fact that it serves as reservoir and vector for many pathogens that cause serious diseases, such as Salmonella, Escherichia and various viruses. Recently, A. diaperinus attracted a lot attention as it was listed in the EU Regulation 2017/893 among the insect species that are allowed to be used for the production of insect meal as aquafeed ingredient, changing our perspective on this insect from a noxious pest to a potential nutrient source. This is the first review on A. diaperinus summarizing the significant recent findings in its biology and control. Moreover, this review aims to provide a helpful tool for aquaculture scientists working with A. diaperinus as aquafeed ingredient. Therefore, we gather and highlight the available data that classify A. diaperinus as a promising insect‐based protein provider and we comment and discuss on the public concerns that arise from its utilization as feed.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual human rights as a global health issue
Authors: Marchia Joseph 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this review article is to connect sociological perspectives on global health to Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual health disparities. This article uses the ecosocial theory of health to analyze the ratification of LGB human rights as a cross‐national contributor to health outcomes for the LGB population. I outline the findings of previous research on this intersection as well as call for more research on this relationship by addressing the gaps within the literature and available data, which have stalled more robust analysis. Finally, I address potential future directions for research including further data collection and attentiveness to national contexts.
Extensive allele‐level remodeling of histone methylation modification in reciprocal F1 hybrids of rice subspecies
Authors: Lv Zhenling , Zhang Wenjie , Wu Ying , Huang Shuangzhan , Zhou Yunxiao , Zhang Ai , Deng Xin , Xu Chunming , Xu Zhengyi , Gong Lei , Liu Bao 
Published: October 2018

SummaryEpigenetic mechanisms play a major role in heterosis, partly as a result of the remodeling of epigenetic modifications in F1 hybrids. Based on chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing (ChIP‐Seq) analyses, we show that at the allele level extensive histone methylation remodeling occurred for a subset of genomic loci in reciprocal F1 hybrids of Oryza sativa (rice) cultivars Nipponbare and 93‐11, representing the two subspecies japonica and indica. Globally, the allele modification‐altered loci in leaf or root of the reciprocal F1 hybrids involved ˜12–43% or more of the genomic regions carrying either of two typical histone methylation markers, H3K4me3 (>21 000 genomic regions) and H3K27me3 (>11 000 genomic regions). Nevertheless, at the total modification level, the majority (from ˜43 to >90%) of the modification‐altered alleles lay within the range of parental additivity in the hybrids because of concerted alteration in opposite directions, consistent with an overall attenuation of allelic differences in the modifications. Importantly, of the genomic regions that did show non‐additivity in total modification level by either marker in the two tissues of hybrids, >80% manifested transgressivity, which involved genes enriched in specific functional categories. Extensive allele‐level alteration of H3K4me3 alone was positively correlated with genome‐wide changes in allele‐level gene expression, whereas at the total level, both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 remodeling, although affecting just a small number of genes, contributes to the overall non‐additive gene expression to variable extents, depending on tissue/marker combinations. Our results emphasize the importance of allele‐level analysis in hybrids to assess the remodeling of epigenetic modifications and their relation to changes in gene expression.
Completeness and accuracy of self‐reported history of blood donation: results from a cohort of older adults in Australia
Authors: Karki Surendra , Davison Tanya E. , Thijsen Amanda , Gemelli Carley N. , Irving David O. , Wright Stephen T. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDThe validity of studies relying on self‐report of blood donation may be severely threatened by systematic errors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe linked the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study data, which asked self‐report of blood and plasma donation including the date of most recent donation to the blood donor database at the Australian Red Cross Blood Service. We used the linked data to validate the accuracy of self‐reported blood donation history including the completeness and accuracy of reported date of most recent donation.RESULTSOf the total 142,503 participants, 47.8 and 5.1% reported ever donating blood and plasma, respectively. Of those self‐reporting blood donation (n = 23,113) and plasma donation (n = 4,451) within the last 10 years of survey, 6262 (27.1%) and 1444 (33.0%) had no record of donation within that period, respectively. Among those who had a record of blood and plasma donation within 10 years before the survey, 97.6 and 93.0% correctly self‐reported ever donating blood and plasma, respectively. Donors consistently reported a donation date more recent than the actual recorded date, and the median discrepancy and variability increased as the length of time from the survey date to the actual date of donation increased.CONCLUSIONSAlmost 98% of donors donating blood within a decade of survey completion date can correctly self‐report their history of donation as ever donating blood, whereas 27% of participants self‐reporting donation within a decade may not have actually donated blood. Further, self‐reported date of blood donation is not a reliable measure of actual date of donation.
Antibiotic‐resistant Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli: An overview of prevalence and intervention strategies
Authors: Mir Raies A. , Kudva Indira T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractShiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens that can cause severe diseases, including bloody diarrhoea and kidney failure, in humans, while remaining harmless to its primary reservoir hosts, cattle. Antibiotics such as azithromycin, fosfomycin and meropenem are being used and recommended in the treatment of early‐stage STEC (mainly E. coli O157:H7) infections, as these are reportedly effective in preventing Shiga toxin release and kidney failure while eliminating the pathogen. However, antibiotic resistance among STEC isolates could negatively impact these and other similar treatment options while contributing towards the spread of antibiotic resistance genes especially if encoded on mobile genetic elements like plasmids. Antibiotic resistance among STEC isolates recovered from animals and patients is being reported globally. A comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant STEC (AR‐STEC) and the mechanisms promoting this resistance among these bacteria could help direct therapies and develop strategies to effectively reduce/eliminate these pathogens. Here, we have reviewed literature from the past three decades to gain insights on this prevalence and its impact on human infections. In addition, we have reviewed various strategies proposed by researchers to control STEC that in turn would be applicable to AR‐STEC as well.
Acaricidal and sublethal effects of tobacco leaf and garlic bulb extract and soft soap on Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Akyazi Rana , Soysal Mete , Altunc Yunus Emre , Lisle Allan , Hassan Errol , Akyol Duygu 
Published: October 2018

The ovicidal, adulticidal and fecundity effects of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf extract, garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulb extract, soft soap and their binary mixtures were investigated against Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) eggs and adult females under controlled conditions [25°C±1, 65±5% R.H. (mean±SD) and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D (Light: Dark)]. The concentrations used for the ovicidal and adulticidal effect were chosen after preliminary bioassays to obtained mortality rates equally distributed between 0%–100%. However, one concentration giving around 50 % percent adult mortality of each compound was tested for fecundity effect. Each stock solution was diluted separately with distilled water to give the desired different concentrations of each extract. The results showed that the tobacco leaf extract, the soft soap and the garlic extract+soap mixture were the most toxic against adult females. Although the garlic bulb extract had the lowest toxic effect, its mixtures with the soft soap and tobacco extract showed higher toxicity against the adults. Moreover, the tobacco application at the tested dose significantly reduced the T. urticae fecundity. It is also determined that the tobacco leaf and garlic bulb extracts have potential to be used in the control of T. urticae eggs. On the other hand, the ovicidal activity of soft soap can be increased by addition of the garlic extract. However, further investigation is needed to assess their phytotoxicity under greenhouse and field conditions. The efficacy of these compounds to natural enemies should also be measured.
Antibiotic and acid-suppression medications during early childhood are associated with obesity
Authors: Stark Christopher M , Susi Apryl , Emerick Jill , Nylund Cade M 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveGut microbiota alterations are associated with obesity. Early exposure to medications, including acid suppressants and antibiotics, can alter gut biota and may increase the likelihood of developing obesity. We investigated the association of antibiotic, histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescriptions during early childhood with a diagnosis of obesity.DesignWe performed a cohort study of US Department of Defense TRICARE beneficiaries born from October 2006 to September 2013. Exposures were defined as having any dispensed prescription for antibiotic, H2RA or PPI medications in the first 2 years of life. A single event analysis of obesity was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression.Results333 353 children met inclusion criteria, with 241 502 (72.4%) children prescribed an antibiotic, 39 488 (11.8%) an H2RA and 11 089 (3.3%) a PPI. Antibiotic prescriptions were associated with obesity (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.28). This association persisted regardless of antibiotic class and strengthened with each additional class of antibiotic prescribed. H2RA and PPI prescriptions were also associated with obesity, with a stronger association for each 30-day supply prescribed. The HR increased commensurately with exposure to each additional medication group prescribed.ConclusionsAntibiotics, acid suppressants and the combination of multiple medications in the first 2 years of life are associated with a diagnosis of childhood obesity. Microbiota-altering medications administered in early childhood may influence weight gain.