bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of 6 months hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery in young people with type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: de Bock Martin , McAuley Sybil A , Abraham Mary Binsu , Smith Grant , Nicholas Jennifer , Ambler Geoff R , Cameron Fergus J , Fairchild Jan M , King Bruce R , Geelhoed Elizabeth A , Davis Elizabeth A , O’Neal David Norman , Jones Timothy W 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionAutomated insulin delivery (also known as closed loop, or artificial pancreas) has shown potential to improve glycaemic control and quality of life in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Automated insulin delivery devices incorporate an insulin pump with continuous glucose monitoring(CGM) and an algorithm, and adjust insulin in real time. This study aims to establish the safety and efficacy of a hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system in a long-term outpatient trial in people with T1D aged 12 –<25 years of age, and compare outcomes with standard therapy for T1D as used in the contemporary community.Methods and analysisThis is an open-label, multicentre, 6-month, randomised controlled home trial to test the MiniMed Medtronic 670G system (HCL) in people with T1D aged 12 –<25 years, and compare it to standard care (multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), with or without CGM). Following a run-in period including diabetes and carbohydrate counting education, dosage optimisation and baseline glucose control data collection, participants are randomised to either HCL or to continue on their current treatment regimen. The primary aim of the study is to compare the proportion of time spent in target sensor glucose range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) on HCL versus standard therapy. Secondary aims include a range of glucose control parameters, psychosocial measures, health economic measures, biomarker status, user/technology interactions and healthcare professional expectations. Analysis will be intention to treat. A study in adults with an aligned design is being conducted in parallel to this trial.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee permissions were gained from respective institutional review boards. The findings of the study will provide high-quality evidence on the role of HCL in clinical practice.
Horse-related incidents and factors for predicting injuries to the head
Authors: Meredith Lauren , Ekman Robert , Thomson Robert 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesHead injuries are the leading cause of death in horse-related injury events and, even since the introduction of helmets, represent a sizeable proportion of all horse-related injuries. Falls from horseback and kicks to the head are the most frequent type of incident causing head injuries, but it is unknown whether these incidents are predictors of head injury. This study aimed to investigate head injuries and the association between incident type and head injury.MethodRetrospective review of 7815 horse-related injury events was conducted. Data were gathered from hospitals, local healthcare centres and public dental services in Skaraborg, Sweden. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the incident type and occurrence of head injury while controlling for risk factors.ResultsApproximately 20% of riders sustained a head injury, mostly soft tissue injuries (56.3%) and concussions (33.4%). A fall from or with the horse was the primary cause of head injury (63.9%). Those who fell from a carriage or other height or who were injured through contact with the horse had no difference in the likelihood of head injury when compared with those that fell from or with the horse. However, those who sustained an injury without any horse contact had lower odd of head injury (OR: 0.640, p<0.00005, 95% CI 0.497 to 0.734). Additionally, the older the rider, the lower the odds of head injury (OR=0.989, p<0.00005, 95% CI 0.985 to 0.993).ConclusionImproved protection for those suffering falls from horseback as well as those who are kicked in the head should be investigated.
A Digital RNA Signature of Circulating Tumor Cells Predicting Early Therapeutic Response in Localized and Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Kwan Tanya T. , Bardia Aditya , Spring Laura M. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Kalinich Mark , Dubash Taronish , Sundaresan Tilak , Hong Xin , LiCausi Joseph A. , Ho Uyen , Silva Erin J. , Wittner Ben S. , Sequist Lecia V. , Kapur Ravi , Miyamoto David T. , Toner Mehmet , Haber Daniel A. , Maheswaran Shyamala 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The multiplicity of new therapies for breast cancer presents a challenge for treatment selection. We describe a 17-gene digital signature of breast circulating tumor cell (CTC)–derived transcripts enriched from blood, enabling high-sensitivity early monitoring of response. In a prospective cohort of localized breast cancer, an elevated CTC score after three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy is associated with residual disease at surgery (P = 0.047). In a second prospective cohort with metastatic breast cancer, baseline CTC score correlates with overall survival (P = 0.02), as does persistent CTC signal after 4 weeks of treatment (P = 0.01). In the subset with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive disease, failure to suppress ER signaling within CTCs after 3 weeks of endocrine therapy predicts early progression (P = 0.008). Drug-refractory ER signaling within CTCs overlaps partially with presence of ESR1 mutations, pointing to diverse mechanisms of acquired endocrine drug resistance. Thus, CTC-derived digital RNA signatures enable noninvasive pharmacodynamic measurements to inform therapy in breast cancer.
Significance: Digital analysis of RNA from CTCs interrogates treatment responses of both localized and metastatic breast cancer. Quantifying CTC-derived ER signaling during treatment identifies patients failing to respond to ER suppression despite having functional ESR1. Thus, noninvasive scoring of CTC-RNA signatures may help guide therapeutic choices in localized and advanced breast cancer. Cancer Discov; 8(10); 1286–99. ©2018 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1195
Reliable self-application of short stretch leg compression: Pressure measurements under self-applied, adjustable compression wraps
Authors: Partsch Hugo 
Published: August 2018

Aim Self-application of properly performed compression bandages is generally considered as problematic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the pressure of self-applied short stretch adjustable compression wrap compression systems (Juxta fit™) and to compare the results with the pressure achieved by bandaging other legs using the same material. Methods In the two training courses for nurses, specifically interested in leg ulcer treatment, the new bandage type of adjustable compression wrap was explained and workshops were organized, in which the interface pressure achieved by Juxta fit™ was measured. In the first course, the nurses applied the compression system to each other, and in the second course, another group did it on their own legs. Bandagers were instructed to apply the system strongly, with a target range of more than 50–60 mmHg. Results In the first course with mutual application ( n = 34), the median pressure at the medial lower leg was 58.5 mmHg (minimal 31, maximal value 137 mmHg), in the second course in which self-application was tested ( n = 36), the corresponding values were 61.5 mmHg (minimum 35, maximum 102 mmHg). No pressures less than 30 mmHg were seen on the distal calf in either group. Conclusions In contrast to short stretch bandages that are frequently applied by bandagers with too low pressure, the adjustable compression wrap devices handled by the patients themselves produce more appropriate and more consistent pressure.
Predictors of Undiagnosed and Uncontrolled Hypertension in the Local Community of Byblos, Lebanon
Authors: Kanj Hazar , Khalil Ali , Kossaify Mikhael , Kossaify Antoine 
Published: August 2018

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) in a local community in Lebanon. Design and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we interviewed 911 adults in the local community of Byblos, Lebanon, and 691 were enrolled in the study. Blood pressure (BP), height, and weight were measured. The diagnosis of HTN was based on the 2013 European Society of Hypertension (ESH)/ European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines (systolic BP ⩾140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ⩾90 mm Hg). The data collected were analyzed using “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” software (SPSS). Results: A total of 260 participants were found to be hypertensive, either previously diagnosed or undiagnosed, yielding an overall prevalence of HTN of 37.62%. Of these participants, 149 (57.31%) were previously diagnosed and had controlled BP, and 111 (42.69%) had undiagnosed or uncontrolled HTN. Of these 111 participants, 44 had undiagnosed HTN and 67 were previously documented as hypertensive but had uncontrolled BP. Younger age and the absence of associated cardiovascular comorbidities were found to be associated with undiagnosed HTN, whereas high body mass index, smoking, and nonadherence to therapy were found to be associated with uncontrolled HTN. Conclusion and implications: This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of HTN in the studied population, along with a high prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled HTN. These findings emphasize the need for wider and more efficient screening strategies to better diagnose and control HTN in the general population.
Decompression Versus Fusion for Grade I Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Koenig Scott , Jauregui Julio J. , Shasti Mark , Jazini Ehsan , Koh Eugene Y. , Banagan Kelley E. , Gelb Daniel E. , Ludwig Steven C. 
Published: August 2018

Study Design: Meta-analysis of evidence level I to IV studies. Objective: To compare decompression alone versus decompression plus fusion in the treatment of grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). Methods: Following established guidelines, we systematically reviewed 3 electronic databases to assess studies evaluating patients with grade I DS. We stratified all patients into 2 cohorts; the first cohort underwent a decompression-type surgery, and the second cohort underwent decompression plus fusion. We noted clinical outcomes, complications, reoperations, and surgical details such as blood loss. Descriptive statistics and random-effects models were used to determine the specified outcome metrics with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In both cohorts, the pain (legs and lower back) significantly decreased and the physical component of the Short Form 36 showed better patient clinical outcomes. The decompression cohort had a 5.8% complication rate (95% CI = 1.7-2.1), and the decompression plus fusion cohort had an 8.3% complication rate (95% CI = 5.5-11.6). The reoperation rate was higher in the decompression-only cohort (8.5%; 95% CI = 2.9-17.0) compared with the decompression plus fusion cohort (4.9%; 95% CI = 2.5-7.9). Conclusions: There does not appear to be any advantage of one procedure over the other. Patients undergoing decompression alone tended to be older with a higher percentage of leg pain, whereas patients additionally undergoing fusion tended to be younger with more lower back pain. The decompression-only cohort had fewer complications but a higher revision rate.
The validity of an area-based method to estimate the size of hard-to-reach populations using satellite images: the example of fishing populations of Lake Victoria
Authors: Nash Stephen , Tittle Victoria , Abaasa Andrew , Sanya Richard E. , Asiki Gershim , Hansen Christian Holm , Grosskurth Heiner , Kapiga Saidi , Grundy Chris ,   Lake Victoria Consortium for Health Research, Kaleebu Pontiano , Abaasa Andrew , Seeley Janet , Kibengo Freddie , Gershim Asiki , Kuteesa Monica , Sanya Richard E. , Elliott Alison , Kiwanuka Noah , Ssetaala Ali , Bukusi Elizabeth , Kwena Zachary , Kapiga Saidi , Hansen Christian , Hashim Ramadhan , Kisanga Edmund , Sichalwe Simon , Grosskurth Heiner , Nielsen Leslie , de de Bont Jan , Kamali Anatoli , Fast Patricia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
Information on the size of populations is crucial for planning of service and resource allocation to communities in need of health interventions. In resource limited settings, reliable census data are often not available. Using publicly available Google Earth Pro and available local household survey data from fishing communities (FC) on Lake Victoria in Uganda, we compared two simple methods (using average population density) and one simple linear regression model to estimate populations of small rural FC in Uganda. We split the dataset into two sections; one to obtain parameters and one to test the validity of the models.

Results
Out of 66 FC, we were able to estimate populations for 47. There were 16 FC in the test set. The estimates for total population from all three methods were similar, with errors less than 2.2%. Estimates of individual FC populations were more widely discrepant.

Conclusions
In our rural Ugandan setting, it was possible to use a simple area based model to get reasonable estimates of total population. However, there were often large errors in estimates for individual villages.
Intraoperative Imaging with a Portable Gamma Camera May Reduce the False-Negative Rate for Melanoma Sentinel Lymph Node Surgery
Authors: Leong Stanley P. , Wu Max , Lu Ying , Torre Donald M. , von Bakonyi Anna , Ospina Arianna M. , Newsom James D. , Luckett William S. , Soon Christopher W. , Kim Kevin B. , Kashani-Sabet Mohammed 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Preoperative imaging and intraoperative gamma probe (GP) localization is standard for identifying sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in melanoma patients. The aim of this prospective Institutional Review Board-approved study was to investigate whether an intraoperative portable gamma camera (PGC) improves SLN detection over the GP.

Methods
Lymphoscintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography were performed after injection of 99mTc-Tilmanocept in melanoma patients (≥ 18 years, Breslow thickness ≥ 1.0 mm). A GP was used to localize the SLNs in each basin, which was explored by the GP to ensure that the operative field was < 10% counts of the hottest SLN. The PGC was then used after a negative GP screening. Any residual hotspots identified by the PGC were considered as additional SLNs and were removed following the 10% rule.

Results
Preoperative imaging of 100 patients identified 138 SLN basins, with 306 SLNs being identified by conventional surgery. The PGC localized 89 additional SLNs in 54 patients. Thus, the PGC identified an additional 23% of SLNs [95% confidence interval (CI) 18–27%]. Four of these 89 SLNs showed micrometastasis in four patients, in two of whom the only tumor-positive SLN was identified by the PGC, preventing two false-negative cases. Thus, the null hypothesis that the PGC did not detect additional positive SLNs was rejected (p = 0.000). The overall SLN positive rate was 9.9% (39/395, 95% CI 6–12), and the overall patient positive rate was increased using the PGC, from 25 to 27% (27/100).

Conclusions
Intraoperative PGC imaging yielded additional SLNs in a significant number of patients over GP alone. Identification of these additional SLNs resulted in upstaging of four patients with two patients being converted from a negative to a positive status, thus, preventing two false-negative cases.
Determination of Maize Seed Purity Based on Multi-Step Clustering
Authors: Liu Shuangxi , Zhang Hongjian , Wang Zhen , Zhang Chunqing , Li Yan , Wang Jinxing 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Electrophoresis has been widely used to determine maize seed purity; however, the associated time and complexity hinder its application for maize seeds. Equipment to estimate seed purity was designed to improve the efficiency of identification of circulating maize seeds, and a multi-step clustering method was created for the determination of seed purity. The main components included a host computer, a black box, a seed transmission belt with grooves, a binocular vision system, and an under-controller. First, image information of the crown and the non-embryo side of every maize seed was collected using the binocular vision system while seeds underwent intermittent movement on the transmission belt. Second, multi-area color characteristics, which included red, green, and blue (RGB), hue, saturation, intensity (HSI), and lightness-a-b (Lab) color model parameters of maize seeds were extracted and optimized to generate 25-dimensional purity identification vectors. Finally, a multi-step clustering model was used to determine seed purity. The original center of K-mean clustering was established based on the results of self-organizing map (SOM) clustering; subsequently, maize seed purity parameters were obtained by combining the results of the second and the first clustering analyses. A result was achieved by testing three groups of samples, including 'ZHENGDAN 958' mixed with 'XIANYU 335', 'XIANYU 335' mixed with its male parent, and 'XIANYU 335' mixed with its female parent. The result showed that the correct recognition rate of 'XIANYU 335' mixed with 'ZHENGDAN 958' that had no genetic relationship could reach 100% under the condition of the experimental sample, and the accuracy of identification between 'XIANYU 335' and their respective male and female parents was 96.7% and 88.7%. This recognition rate met with the technical requirements of field inspection and provided a reliable scientific basis for the rapid determination of maize seed purity. Keywords: Identification, Maize seed, Multi-step clustering, Purity, Rapid.
Calibration and Tests of Commercial Wireless Infrared Thermometers
Authors: Colaizzi Paul D. , O’Shaughnessy Susan A. , Evett Steven R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Applications of infrared thermometers (IRTs) in large agricultural fields require wireless data transmission, and IRT target temperature should have minimal sensitivity to internal detector temperature. To meet these objectives, a prototype wireless IRT system was developed at USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bushland, Texas, and commercialized by Dynamax, Inc., Houston, Texas. The objective of this article was to calibrate and test the Dynamax, Inc. system. Following deployment in an irrigated field during the 2015 crop season, 26 IRTs were calibrated and tested in a temperature-controlled room. The IRTs measured a black body target temperature controlled at 15°C to 55°C in 5°C increments, and for each range of black body temperatures, ambient room temperatures were controlled at 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C under isothermal and steady-state conditions. Discrepancies between uncalibrated IRT and black body temperatures varied by IRT and had root mean squared errors (RMSE) between 0.25°C and 1.51°C, mean absolute errors (MAE) between 0.19°C and 1.17°C, and mean bias errors (MBE) between -0.66°C and 0.16°C. A calibration equation was derived from the longwave radiation energy balance of the IRT internal detector, and sensor-specific calibrations reduced discrepancies for all IRTs, with RMSE between 0.16°C and 0.28°C, MAE between 0.12°C and 0.21°C, and absolute MBE less than 0.05°C. A generic calibration was derived by pooling all sensor-specific calibrations, and reduced discrepancies for all but five IRTs, but these were very marginal compared with no calibration. Therefore, the generic calibration did not appear justified, but sensor-specific calibrations were justified for most IRTs. The IRTs were again deployed in the irrigated field and measured corn canopy temperature in 2016. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was calculated using measurements from one IRT and compared to ETc measured by a large weighing lysimeter. The choice of calibration (none, generic, or sensor-specific) had little impact on calculated ETc, which was likely related to a limited range of target and sensor body temperature differences in the field (mostly +10°C), in contrast to those in the temperature-controlled room (up to +40°C) Keywords: Canopy temperature, Crop management, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation, Remote sensing, Sensors.
Evaluation of Dry Steam Preconditioning on Switchgrass Pellet Quality Metrics
Authors: Covelli Curtis R , Yi Hojae , Karamchandani Apoorva , Ciolkosz Daniel , Puri Virendra M 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The utilization of dry steam as a low energy preprocessing step in the pelletization of switchgrass was evaluated in this work. Ground switchgrass was moisture-conditioned at 16% and 18% wet basis (w.b.) and then subjected to 100°C and 120°C steam treatment cycles in an autoclave before being formed into pellets. Similarly, pellets were formed from switchgrass moisture-conditioned at 16% and 18% without steam treatment (control). Determined metrics included particle density, particle size distribution, pellet density, diametral and axial strengths, and durability using both tumbling box and friabilator. Pellet density values were similar to particle density for all treatments suggesting pelleting produced highly compressed biomass with little voids remaining. Neither particle density nor pellet density significantly changed (p&gt;0.05) due to steam conditioning. Although not significant (p&gt;0.05), an increase in pellet diametral strength was observed for the 120°C dry steam conditioning compared to the non-steam conditioned and 100°C dry steam conditioning pellets. Axial strength of single pellets for control and dry steam conditioned materials were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05). Pellet durability analysis resulted in an average friability of 93.8% for control and all treatments. The more aggressive box durability test indicates that dry steam conditioned pellets had a 7% to 10% lower durability compared to pellets formed using unconditioned switchgrass. Overall, the dry steam conditioning did not result in improved pellet quality for the tested moisture contents compared to the control. Future work is required to test the dry steam conditioning at other moisture and/or particle size levels. Keywords: Biomass, Densification, Durability, Pelletization, Pellet density, Pellet strength, Preprocessing.
Framing presidential illness: The political significance of how the Nigerian press covered former President Yar’Adua’s final months
Authors: Pindiga Habeeb Idris , Taylor Ian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Whenever a senior politician falls seriously ill and the media learn of this, the politician’s health problems are likely to become the subject of news reporting. Impressionistic but still plausible evidence would suggest that this kind of story ‘makes the news’ significantly more often than it did in decades gone by. Yet media studies academics have devoted precious little attention to this topic with the result that important questions about the nature of news coverage whenever politicians fall ill and what the consequences of that coverage might be remain unexplored. This article makes a start in filling that lacuna by exploring the Nigerian press’s coverage of the illness and eventual death of former Nigerian President Umaru Yar’Adua. The key issues that defined the crisis are identified. Furthermore, we argue that (intentionally or otherwise) the news media’s coverage mattered because it legitimized the transfer of power away from President Yar’Adua months before power was officially handed over to his successor.