bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for the informatics community to advance learning health systems
Authors: Gunderson Melissa A , Embí Peter , Friedman Charles P , Melton Genevieve B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
There is rapidly growing interest in learning health systems (LHSs) nationally and globally. While the critical role of informatics is recognized, the informatics community has been relatively slow to formalize LHS as a priority area.

Materials and Methods
We compiled results from a short survey of LHS leaders and American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) members, discussion from an LHS reception at the AMIA annual meeting, and a follow-up survey to inform priorities at the intersection of LHS and informatics.

Results
We present opportunities between informatics and LHS which fell into themes of: Understanding and Context, Shared Resources, Collaboration, Education, Data, Evaluation, and Patient Centeredness. Immediate LHS informatics priorities identified include establishing informatics LHS forum(s), case reports of LHS informatics successes and failures, LHS informatics education resources, and improved understanding of LHS principles in informatics.

Conclusion
Increased informatics and LHS alignment is critical for advancing this transformative national priority.
Factors affecting the length of productive life in U.S. Katahdin ewes
Authors: Pinto Luis F B , Lewis Ronald M , Rocha Artur O , Freking Brad A , Murphy Tom W , Wilson Carrie S , Nilson Sara M , Burke Joan M , Brito Luiz F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The length of ewe productive life (LPL), defined as the number of days between the first and last lambing, is a key indicator of ewe longevity and is directly related to the sustainability of the sheep industry. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate systematic effects influencing LPL in Katahdin sheep. The LPL of 10,474 Katahdin ewes (69.5% with uncensored and 30.5% with right-censored observations) born between 1992 and 2021 in 58 flocks located across the United States were analyzed. The Kaplan–Meier (K-M) and Cox proportional hazard (Cox PH) methods were used to estimate survival probability. Four Cox PH models were evaluated. Model 1 included contemporary group (CG; flock–year–season of ewe birth) as a random effect and the ewe’s dam’s age (EDA), ewe’s own birth-rearing type (BR; 1/1, 2/1, 2/2, 3/2, 3/3, with the digit-3 including lamb counts ≥ 3), and age at first lambing (AFL) as fixed effects. Models 2 to 4 were an extension of model 1. Model 2 also included average lamb birth weight (ABW) per ewe lifetime, while model 3 included average lamb weaning weight (AWW) per ewe lifetime. Both ABW and AWW were fitted as fixed effects. Model 4 fitted all previous effects together. The factors CG, BR, ABW, and AWW affected LPL (P &lt; 0.05) in all models in which these effects were fitted. The EDA effect only influenced LPL (P &lt; 0.05) in model 1, while AFL had no effect (P &gt; 0.05) in any model. The median LPL ranged from approximately 2 to 3 yr, depending on the risk factors analyzed. In general, Katahdin ewes themselves born in multiple litters, and that produced lambs weighing approximately 5 kg at lambing and 20 to 25 kg at weaning (over their lifespan) had better survival probability. Although the LPL of Katahdin sheep is relatively low, it appears to be a consequence of voluntary culling due to its association with both ABW and AWW. Future studies should quantify the rate of involuntary culling in Katahdin ewes to identify whether longevity indicator traits should be included in more comprehensive breeding objectives.
Can Contrast-Enhanced Mammography Improve Positive Predictive Value for Diagnostic Workup of Suspicious Findings? A Single-Arm Prospective Study
Authors: Shames Jason , Nguyen Adrien , Sciotto Maria , Zorn Lisa , Kaufman Theresa , Wilkes Annina , Sevrukov Alexander , Kaushik Chhavi , Patel Ripple , Pascarella Suzanne , Byrd Ashlee , Liao Lydia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the positive predictive value-3 (PPV3) and negative predictive value (NPV) of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) when added to the diagnostic workup of suspicious breast findings.

Methods
This prospective study was IRB approved. We recruited 99 women with abnormal findings on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and/or US to undergo CEM prior to biopsy. Based on final pathology outcomes, PPV3 and NPV were calculated and compared using N-1 chi-squared tests with P-values and 95% CIs.

Results
Final pathologic outcome yielded 56.6% (56/99) benign, 5.1% (5/99) benign with upgrade potential (BWUP), and 38.4% (38/99) malignant lesions. Final pathologic outcomes for the 63 positive CEMs yielded 33.3% (21/63) benign, 6.3% (4/63) BWUP, and 60.3% (38/63) malignant lesions. Adding CEM to the diagnostic workup significantly increased PPV3 from 38.4% (38/99) to 60.3% (38/63) (P &lt;.01; 95% CI, 6.1-36.2). Negative predictive value was 100% (36/36) for CEM, 92.9% (13/14; P = .1; 95% CI, -4.2 to 31.4) for DBT, and 75.9% (22/29; P &lt;.05; 95% CI, 8.8-42.1) for US. The number of unnecessary biopsies could be reduced by 36.4% (from 100% [99/99] to 63.6% [63/99]).

Conclusion
Adding CEM to the diagnostic workup of suspicious breast findings could improve PPV3 to prevent unnecessary biopsies.
Brand Corporateness: Measurement and Symbolic Meaning of an Unfavorable Brand Association
Authors: Reich Brandon J , Hanson Sara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research establishes brand corporateness as a novel brand association that most consumers find unfavorable. Exploratory focus group findings first illuminate consumer meaning structures and attitudes around brand corporateness. An inductive grounded theory approach suggests three core (hierarchical, mechanistic, opaque) and three ancillary (ubiquitous, traditional, strategic) dimensions of the construct, informing a subsequent literature review that theoretically confirms this structure. Our theorizing also suggests that greater corporateness diminishes consumers’ self-brand connection because the symbolic meanings of its core dimensions clash with several fundamental human values, a negative effect that is heightened among more politically liberal consumers. The main empirical work then develops and validates a measure of brand corporateness across 11 studies using best practices in scale development. After a rigorous item generation and refinement process, our studies provide converging evidence for the scale’s structural, nomological, discriminant, predictive, and ecological validity.
The story so far: scoping review of narratives in deaf children
Authors: Puhlman Jane , Sabatino Lauren , DeLuca Zara Waldman , Lorio Ciera , Decker Lindsay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Narrative language samples can be used to measure language development in children, but research on narrative development in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children is scarce, limiting knowledge of developmental stages and best practices for collection and analysis. This scoping review included 39 articles that explored recent methodologies and achievements in oral or signed narratives of DHH children, including comparisons with hearing peers and within-group analyses of early auditory experience, device use, and other measures. Articles featured DHH participants aged &lt; 4 to 18 years, varying in device use, communication modalities, and educational settings. Most studies utilized story generation tasks with early elementary-aged children and analyzed either microstructure or macrostructure. Mixed results in comparisons with hearing children emphasized the need to consider individual differences (e.g., speech perception and age of spoken language access) in DHH narrative assessments. Findings also suggest that comparability across studies would be improved by more consistent terminology and procedures in narrative collection/analysis.
‘We Fear For Our Lives’: Understanding, Responding and Mitigating the Impact of Climate Change on the Malawian Prison System
Authors: Van Hout Marie Claire , Kaima Ruth , Mhango Apatsa Mangwana , Kasunda Vivian , Mhango Victor , Ong David M , Kewley Stephanie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prisons are frequently excluded from hazard risk management, disaster mitigation planning particularly in the aftermath of climate disasters. People deprived of their liberty are wholly reliant on the State, and unable to protect themselves from climate related threats. This is especially the case in Africa where over one million people are incarcerated. We report from Malawi, a least developed country in sub-Saharan Africa, where the system is operating over 234 per cent capacity. With no climate change responsive prison policy, nor research on this topic despite evidence for disrupted agriculture and seasonal cyclone activity; we conducted a rapid situation assessment to evaluate the impact of climate change on the Malawi prison system operations. Interviews and small focus groups were conducted with professional stakeholders (n = 12), prison officers (n = 15), juvenile prisoners (n = 10), and former prisoners (n = 50). Reflexive thematic analysis revealed six themes: climate impacts and infrastructural challenges; extreme life-threatening events and (in)ability to evacuate; fluctuating temperatures, prison system congestion and ventilation; water crisis and environmental health; navigating crop failures, interrupted grain supply and food (in)security; and circulation of disease and amplified health vulnerability. Findings illustrate how climate change poses substantial challenges to congested prison operations in Malawi; infrastructure protection, sanitation and maintenance; (in)ability to safely evacuate; power, water and food shortages; and circulation of disease. Vulnerable prisoners include women, children and people with disabilities. The assessment evidence will inform the development of a climate responsive prison action plan for the Malawi Prison system and represent an exemplar for the Southern African region.
High-grade serous carcinoma occurring after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variant carriers
Authors: Stroot Iris A S , Bart Joost , Hollema Harry , Wagner Marise M , Yigit Refika , van Doorn Helena C , de Hullu Joanne A , Gaarenstroom Katja N , van Beurden Marc , van Lonkhuijzen Luc R C W , Slangen Brigitte F M , Zweemer Ronald P , Gómez Garcia Encarna B , Ausems Margreet G E M , Komdeur Fenne L , van Asperen Christi J , Adank Muriel A , Wevers Marijke R , Hooning Maartje J ,   HEBON Investigators, Schmidt M K , Hogervorst F B L , van Leeuwen F E , Adank M A , Stommel-Jenner D J , de Groot R , Vieveen E , Collée J M , Geurts-Giele I , Hooning M J , Boere I A , van Asperen C J , Devilee P , van der Luijt R B , Wevers M R , Mensenkamp A R , de Hullu J A , Ausems M G E M , Koole W , van Engelen K , Gille J J P , Gómez García E B , Blok M J , Berger L P V , van der Hout A H , de Bock G H , Yigit R , Siesling S , Verloop J , Voorham Q J M , Mourits Marian J E , de Bock Geertruida H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) effectively prevents high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) in BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variant (GPV) carriers. Still, some women develop HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings. This study assessed long-term incidence and risk factors for developing HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings.

Methods
BRCA1/2 GPV carriers were selected from the Hereditary Breast and Ovarian cancer in the Netherlands (HEBON) cohort. Follow-up data for HGSC after RRSO were obtained from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (PALGA) and confirmed by histopathological review. Cumulative incidence rates of HGSC were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with an increased risk of HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings.

Results
A total of 2519 women were included, with a median follow-up of 13.4 years (range: 0.0-27.6 years). The 20-year cumulative incidence rate of HGSC was 1.5% (95% CI = 0.0 to 2.1) for BRCA1 and 0.2% (95% CI = 0.0 to 1.4) for BRCA2 GPV carriers. All women who developed HGSC underwent RRSO after the recommended age. Incomplete embedding of the RRSO specimen (HR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4 to 12.6), higher age at RRSO (HR per year = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.1), and carrying a BRCA1 GPV (HR = 12.1, 95% CI = 1.6 to 91.2) were associated with increased risk of HGSC.

Conclusions
In BRCA1/2 GPV carriers, long-term incidence of HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings was low. Strict adherence to guidelines regarding timely RRSO followed by complete specimen embedding can further reduce the risk of HGSC in the years after RRSO.
Trilaciclib prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab for patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: phase 3 PRESERVE 1 trial
Authors: Lenz Heinz-Josef , Liu Tianshu , Chen Emerson Y , Horváth Zsolt , Bondarenko Igor , Danielewicz Iwona , Ghidini Michele , García-Alfonso Pilar , Jones Robert , Aapro Matti , Zhang Yanqiao , Wang Jufeng , Wang Wayne , Adeleye Jennifer , Beelen Andrew , Hubbard Joleen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), improvements in survival from combining leucovorin/fluorouracil/oxaliplatin/irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) with bevacizumab have come at the risk of increased rates of high-grade toxicities. Trilaciclib is indicated to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in patients receiving standard-of-care chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Methods
Patients with untreated mCRC were randomly assigned 1:1 to trilaciclib (n = 164) or placebo (n = 162) prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab for up to 12 cycles (induction), followed by trilaciclib or placebo prior to fluorouracil/leucovorin/bevacizumab (maintenance). Co-primary endpoints were duration of severe (grade 4) neutropenia (DSN) in cycles 1-4 and occurrence of severe neutropenia (SN) during induction. Secondary endpoints included antitumor efficacy, survival, and safety.

Results
The study met its co-primary endpoints. Administering trilaciclib prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab resulted in significant reductions in DSN in cycles 1-4 vs placebo (mean, 0.1 vs 1.3 days; P &lt; .001) and occurrence of SN during induction (1.3% vs 19.7%; adjusted relative risk [96% CI] = 0.07 [0.0 to 0.3]; P &lt; .001). Grade 3/4 adverse events, including neutropenia, diarrhea, and leukopenia, were less frequent with trilaciclib vs placebo (64.8% vs 73.1%). Trilaciclib was associated with fewer chemotherapy dose reductions and delays and with reduced administration of supportive therapies, compared with placebo. Objective response rate (41.6% vs 57.1%; P = .009) and median progression-free survival (10.3 vs 13.1 months; P &lt; .001) were significantly lower with trilaciclib vs placebo.

Conclusions
Administering trilaciclib prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab protected the neutrophil lineage from the effects of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. However, antitumor efficacy endpoints favored placebo.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04607668.
Hippocampal dentate gyrus dysplasia and the risk of sudden unexpected death
Authors: Miller Douglas C , Scheitler Kristen M , Holloway Jeffery , Stacy C Christopher 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hippocampal dentate gyral dysplasia is well-described in temporal lobe epilepsy and may be a risk factor for sudden, unexpected death in several populations: infants (sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS], sudden unexpected infant death [SUID]), toddlers (sudden unexpected death of a child [SUDC]), and epileptics (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy [SUDEP]). We examined reports and histopathological slides from autopsies performed at our institution from 2008 through 2016 to determine whether the presence or absence of any of the described forms of such dysplasias (duplications, hyperconvolutions, and granule cell dispersion, including bilamination), correlated with the causes of death. From well over 4000 autopsies, we identified 949 autopsies with a neuropathology examination by a neuropathologist. Of these, 205 cases (21.6%) had 1 or more of the described abnormalities of 1 or both dentate gyri; 87 (42.4%) of the individuals in this group of 205 autopsies had died suddenly and unexpectedly, including 29/90 (32.2%) cases of SUDEP, 17/31 (54.8%) cases of SUDC, and 51/104 (49.0%) cases of infants with SIDS or SUID. We conclude that these changes are readily recognizable by experienced neuropathologists and that because they are overrepresented in an autopsy population that died suddenly and unexpectedly, they may represent a risk factor for such outcomes.
Liposomal topical drug administration surpasses alternative methods in glaucoma therapeutics: a novel paradigm for enhanced treatment
Authors: Nordin Nor Asyikin , Sadikan Muhammad Zulfiqah , Lambuk Lidawani , Hashim Sabarisah , Airuddin Syahira , Mohd Nasir Nur-Azida , Mohamud Rohimah , Ibrahim Jamal , Kadir Ramlah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Glaucoma is a leading cause of permanent blindness. Despite therapeutic advancements, glaucoma management remains challenging due to limitations of conventional drug delivery, primarily topical eye drops, resulting in suboptimal outcomes and a global surge in cases. To address these issues, liposomal drug delivery has emerged as a promising approach.

Key findings
This review explores the potential of liposomal-based medications, with a particular focus on topical administration as a superior alternative to enhance therapeutic efficacy and improve patient compliance compared to existing treatments. This writing delves into the therapeutic prospects of liposomal formulations across different administration routes, as evidenced by ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, critical aspects of liposomal production and market strategies are discussed herein.

Summary
By overcoming ocular barriers and optimizing drug delivery, liposomal topical administration holds the key to significantly improving glaucoma treatment outcomes.
Ethylene modulates wheat response to phosphate deficiency
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Bowerman Andrew F , Chen Yinglong , Zheng Lu , Shen Renfang , Pogson Barry , Lan Ping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ethylene is involved in the response to P deficiency in some model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice, but its role in wheat remains unclear. Following our recent study demonstrating the role of differentially expressed genes encoding ethylene response factors (ERFs) in response to P starvation in wheat, this study aims to investigate remodeling of the ethylene pathway and the physiological roles of ethylene in wheat under P deficiency using transcriptome analysis and the addition of the exogenous ethylene analogue, ethephon, or ethylene inhibitors. ERFs with at least a 2-fold expression change upon P deficiency had a distribution biased towards chromosome 4B. A group of genes encoding aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase were up-regulated under P starvation, suggesting an increase in ACC and ethylene content, which was verified by biochemical measurements and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Under P deficiency, both root and shoot biomass decreased with application of exogenous ethephon or ethylene inhibitors, while root fork numbers and root surface area decreased upon ethephon treatment. Phosphate (Pi) concentrations in roots and old leaves increased with ethephon treatment, and Pi redistribution in roots and younger leaves was altered under Pi starvation. Our findings can guide breeding of germplasm with high Pi efficiency.
Probiotic nanovesicles encapsulating baicalin: a strategy to overcome colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Yifan , Zhao Xinrui , Wang Dan , Wang Ruilin , Zhu Rui , You Xiaojuan , Liu Xinwei , Li Yongwei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a unique probiotic utilized to treat inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from EcN can not only deliver pro-biotic anti-inflammatory molecules to cancer cells to exert anti-rectal cancer effects, but also deliver therapeutic drugs, genes, and other “cargoes” encapsulated in the vesicles to specific cells, making them an ideal vehicle for drug delivery. In this study, we successfully isolated OMVs of probiotic origin and obtained BCN-OMVs by encapsulating baicalin (BCN) in EcN-OMVs. Fluorescence microscopy showed that both fluorescently labeled EcN-OMVs and BCN-OMVs were able to enter HT-29 cells. The results of CCK-8, plate cloning, flow cytometry, and western blotting indicated that the vitality and proliferation of HT-29 cells were sensibly inhibited after treatment with BCN-OMVs. Additionally, apoptosis-related proteins and proteins involved in the NF-κB pathway were also expressed differently. The results above suggest that EcN-OMVs, serving as a bio-nanocarrier of BCN, can effectively address the limitations of BCN, such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability. They also play a significant anti-tumor role by enhancing cancer cell apoptosis, showing promising potential in targeted therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC).
Humour and Caricature in Nielsen’s Symphonies
Authors: Powell Larson 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
This article seeks to define a musical notion of caricature as a means to grasp Carl Nielsen’s peculiar approach to modernism, with special attention to the symphonies. Caricature is a specifically modernist technique, given prominence in Hogarth’s and Baudelaire’s art criticism. There is, however, little extant musicological work on this concept. Caricature must be differentiated from the grotesque (Berlioz, Stravinsky) and humour (from Haydn to Mahler), with reference to modernist visual art (line in Picasso, Expressionism, Wilhelm Worringer’s Gothic), as also to Nielsen’s Danish literary context. Links are also made to Nielsen’s relation to Brahms. This allows for extension of critical insights made by Daniel Grimley and David Fanning on Nielsen’s peculiar relation to modernism. Caricature may be seen as a latent form of abstraction or constructivism once it is cut free of mere depiction of ‘character’. The last two symphonies (especially the Fifth) are seen as culminations of this development in Nielsen.
Oscillation frequencies of moderately rotating delta scuti stars: asymmetric mode splittings due to non-spherical distortion
Authors: Guo Zhao , Bedding Timothy R , Pamyatnykh A A , Kurtz Donald W , Li Gang , Gautam Anuj , Murphy Simon J , Aerts Conny 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We find that the observed pressure-mode rotational splittings of slowly/moderately rotating $\delta$ Scuti stars and $\beta$ Cephei stars mostly have a positive asymmetry. That is, the left frequency spacing is larger than the right spacing in the dipole mode splitting triplets and the $l=2$ mode splitting multiplets (considering $m=1, 0, -1$ modes only). This is in agreement with the second-order perturbative effect of the rotational non-spherical distortion: both the prograde and retrograde modes have their frequencies shifted towards lower values relative to the $m=0$ modes. We thus study the rotational perturbation both in the first and second order, as well as the near-degeneracy mode coupling effect in MESA models representing $\delta$ Scuti stars. For faster rotators, the near-degeneracy mode coupling between the nearest radial and quadrupole modes can significantly shift the $m=0$ modes, reduce the splitting asymmetry, and even change its sign. We find the theoretical splitting asymmetry from the second-order non-spherical distortion can explain the observed asymmetry quantitatively. To facilitate future detections, we predict correlations between splitting asymmetry, splitting amplitude, and pulsation frequency. We also discuss additional factors that can influence splitting asymmetry, including embedded magnetic fields, resonant mode coupling, and binarity.