bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of abusive supervision on employees’ feedback avoidance and subsequent help-seeking behaviour: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Arain Ghulam Ali , Bukhari Sehrish , Khan Abdul Karim , Hameed Imran 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBased on the conservation of resource theory, this study investigated a moderated mediation model in which perceived co-worker support moderated the mediation of supervisory feedback avoidance between abusive supervision and help-seeking behaviour. Data from matching dyads of 220 house officers and 86 postgraduate medical staff were collected from several hospitals in Pakistan. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses supported the hypothesized model that abusive supervision first positively led to supervisory feedback avoidance, which in turn positively led to help-seeking from co-workers. Moreover, the mediating effect of supervisory feedback avoidance was stronger at the high value of co-worker support than that at the low value of co-worker support. This study contributes to the recently emerged notion in abusive supervision research that supervisees’ perception of abusive supervision may not always lead to abundantly reported negative work behaviours; instead, it may also lead to positive work behaviours, such as help-seeking behaviour that is highly beneficial for both supervisees and the organization.
Carcharodontosaurian remains (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal
Authors: Malafaia Elisabete , Mocho Pedro , Escaso Fernando , Dantas Pedro , Ortega Francisco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA new specimen of a theropod dinosaur found in the Upper Jurassic (Freixial Formation, late Tithonian) of the Lusitanian Basin is described. It corresponds to a single individual and includes a sequence of articulated caudal vertebrae, an almost complete right pes, and other fragments of the appendicular skeleton. The specimen includes the most complete pes of a theropod dinosaur currently known in the Lusitanian Basin and represents one of the youngest skeletal records of theropod dinosaurs currently known in the Portuguese Upper Jurassic.A systematic analysis of this specimen is performed and it shows a combination of characters that allows us to interpret it as belonging to an allosauroid taxon. Within this clade, the material from Cambelas shares a few features with some carcharodontosaurids, including the presence of a lateral lamina extending along the anterior end of the centrum in the caudal vertebra and of a low vertical crest on the lateral surface of the femoral lesser trochanter. The set of remains described here shares some unusual features with another specimen previously described in the Portuguese fossil record, which also presents some synapomorphies of Carcharodontosauria. However, no autapomorphy or exclusive character combination can be recognized in the specimen here described in order to describe it as a new form. The presence of this specimen suggests a greater diversity in the allosauroid theropod fauna from the Late Jurassic of the Lusitanian Basin than currently known and probably expands the temporal record of Carcharodontosauria up to upper Tithonian of south-western Europe.
Environmental influence on growth history in marine benthic foraminifera
Authors: Keating-Bitonti Caitlin R. , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEnergy availability influences natural selection on the ontogenetic histories of organisms. However, it remains unclear whether physiological controls on size remain constant throughout ontogeny or instead shift as organisms grow larger. Benthic foraminifera provide an opportunity to quantify and interpret the physicochemical controls on both initial (proloculus) and adult volumes across broad environmental gradients using first principles of cell physiology. Here, we measured proloculus and adult test dimensions of 129 modern rotaliid species from published images of holotype specimens, using holotype size to represent the maximum size of all species’ occurrences across the North American continental margin. We merged size data with mean annual temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, particulate organic carbon flux, and seawater calcite saturation for 718 unique localities to quantify the relationship between physicochemical variables and among-species adult/proloculus size ratios. We find that correlation of community mean adult/proloculus size ratios with environmental parameters reflects covariation of adult test volume with environmental conditions. Among-species proloculus sizes do not covary identifiably with environmental conditions, consistent with the expectation that environmental constraints on organism size impose stronger selective pressures on adult forms due to lower surface area-to-volume ratios at larger sizes. Among-species adult/proloculus size ratios of foraminifera occurring in resource-limited environments are constrained by the limiting resource in addition to temperature. Identified limiting resources are food in oligotrophic waters and oxygen in oxygen minimum zones. Because among-species variations in adult/proloculus size ratios from the North American continental margin are primarily driven by the local environment’s influence on adult sizes, the evolution of foraminiferal sizes over the Phanerozoic may have been strongly influenced by changing oceanographic conditions. Furthermore, lack of correspondence between among-species proloculus sizes and environmental conditions suggests that offspring sizes in foraminifera are rarely limited by physiological constraints and are more susceptible to selection related to other aspects of fitness.
Comparison of cognitive functions between first-episode schizophrenia patients, their unaffected siblings and individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Authors: Chu Angel On Ki , Chang Wing Chung , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and has been observed in both familial (FHR) and clinical high-risk (CHR) samples. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research directly contrasting cognitive profiles in these two high-risk states and first-episode schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare cognitive functions in patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (FES), their unaffected siblings (FHR), CHR individuals and healthy controls.MethodA standardized battery of cognitive assessments was administered to 69 FES patients, 71 help-seeking CHR individuals without family history of psychotic disorder, 50 FHR participants and 68 controls. FES and CHR participants were recruited from territory-wide early intervention service for psychosis in Hong Kong. CHR status was ascertained using Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State.ResultsAmong four groups, FES patients displayed the largest global cognitive impairment and had medium-to-large deficits across all cognitive tests relative to controls. CHR and FHR participants significantly underperformed in most cognitive tests than controls. Among various cognitive tests, digit symbol coding demonstrated the greatest magnitude of impairment in FES and CHR groups compared with controls. No significant difference between two high-risk groups was observed in global cognition and all individual cognitive tests except digit symbol coding which showed greater deficits in CHR than in FHR participants.ConclusionClinical and familial risk groups experienced largely comparable cognitive impairment that was intermediate between FES and controls. Digit symbol coding may have the greatest discriminant capacity in distinguishing FES and CHR from healthy controls, and between two high-risk samples.
Generation of uniform transverse beam distributions for high-energy electron radiography
Authors: Zhao Q.T. , Cao S.C. , Cheng R. , Du Y.C. , Shen X.K. , Wang Y.R. , Xiao J.H. , Zong Y. , Zhu Y.L. , Zhou Y.W. , Zhao Y.T. , Zhang Z.M. , Gai W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh-energy electron radiography (HEER) has been proposed for time-resolved imaging of materials, high-energy density matter, and for inertial confinement fusion. The areal-density resolution, determined by the image intensity information is critical for these types of diagnostics. Preliminary experimental studies for different materials with the same thickness and the same areal-density target have been imaged and analyzed. Although there are some discrepancies between experimental and theory analysis, the results show that the density distribution can indeed be attained from HEER. The reason for the discrepancies has been investigated and indicates the importance of the uniformity in the transverse distribution beam illuminating the target. Furthermore, the method for generating a uniform transverse distribution beam using octupole magnets was studied and verified by simulations. The simulations also confirm that the octupole field does not affect the angle-position correlation in the center part beam, a critical requirement for the imaging lens. A more practical method for HEER using collimators and octupoles for generating more uniform beams is also described. Detailed experimental results and simulation studies are presented in this paper.
Urbanization Around an Airfield Alters Bird Community Composition, but not the Hazard of Bird–Aircraft Collision
Authors: Jeffery Roderick F. , Buschke Falko T. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBird strikes are a considerable hazard to the aviation industry, which has led airports to develop detailed management strategies to identify and reduce the risk of them. These strategies include plans to modify bird habitats in and around airports to limit the establishment of high-risk species. Although airports are generally located on the outskirts of towns and cities, they may be encroached on by urban sprawl. In this study, we examined how an urbanization gradient affects the bird community around an air force base in Cape Town (South Africa) and quantified how this could modify the hazard of bird–aircraft collision. We surveyed the bird community in and around the Air Force Base Ysterplaat across four seasons and categorized species based on their response to increased urbanization (urban avoiders, adapters and exploiters). By combining this with species-specific information on body size, flock size, flight behaviour and abundance, we showed that although urbanization affects bird composition, the overall hazard of bird–aircraft collision is consistent regardless of urban response. However, urbanization complicates mitigation in the matrix surrounding the airport and creates novel challenges for the management of bird hazards. Therefore, new bird hazard management strategies should be integrated within community-driven land-use planning to minimize the negative effects of bird–aircraft collisions.
Variation in total root length and root diameter of wild and cultivated lentil grown under drought and re-watered conditions
Authors: Gorim Linda Yuya , Vandenberg Albert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLentil is now an integral part of prairie cropping systems. Climate forecasts point to variable and increased drought frequency, putting lentil production in jeopardy. Future lentil genotypes will require root systems that can extract more water under drought conditions. This study focuses on root diameter and root tip number, traits known to play an important role in water uptake during drought. We compared the total root length (TRL) in three soil horizons of both wild and cultivated lentil genotypes for three root diameter classes when plants were grown under moderate or severe drought, and when re-watered after exposure to moderate drought conditions. Our study demonstrates that roots of both wild and cultivated lentil genotypes can be categorized into very fine, fine and small diameter classes. Some wild lentil genotypes had significantly higher TRL in the B and C soil horizons when grown under severe or moderate drought and therefore, could act as resources for the transfer of root traits to cultivated lentil genotypes. Further evaluations focused on the root systems of interspecific recombinant inbred lines under drought conditions will be required to determine whether these traits are heritable.
The association between gestational age and otitis media during childhood: a population-based cohort analysis
Authors: Imterat Majdi , Wainstock Tamar , Moran-Gilad Jacob , Sheiner Eyal , Walfisch Asnat 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOtitis media (OM) carries a tremendous global health burden and potentially severe long-term consequences. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of birth at different gestational ages on the incidence of childhood OM.A population-based cohort analysis was conducted. All singleton deliveries occurring between 1991 and 2014 at a regional tertiary medical center were included. Gestational age on delivery was divided into six subgroups: early (&lt;34 weeks gestation; 0 out of 7) and late (34 weeks gestation; 0 out of 7 to 36 weeks gestation; 6 out of 7) preterm, and early (37 weeks gestation; 0 out of 7 to 38 weeks gestation; 6 out of 7), full (39 weeks gestation; 0 out of 7 to 40 weeks gestation; 6 out of 7), late (41 weeks gestation; 0 out of 7 to 41 weeks gestation; 6 out of 7) and post (⩾42 weeks 0 out of 7) term deliveries. Rates of OM-related hospitalizations up to 18 years of age were assessed. Weibull parametric hazards model was used to study the association between gestational age at birth and the risk for OM-related hospitalizations while controlling for potential confounders.During the study period, 238,622 deliveries met the inclusion criteria. OM-related hospitalizations of the offspring (n=4724) were significantly more common in the preterm (early 3.6%, late 2.4%) and early-term born children (2.2%) and decreased gradually across the full (1.9%), late (1.7%) and post (1.6%) term groups (χ2-test for trendsP&lt;0.001). In the Weibull regression model, early preterm, as well as early-term deliveries exhibited an independent association with pediatric OM (adjusted hazard ratios: 1.67 and 1.09, respectively,P&lt;0.02).Deliveries occurring at preterm and early term are associated with higher rates of pediatric OM-related hospitalizations, which decrease gradually as gestational age advances.
Control of Nitrogen Exports From River Basins to the Coastal Ocean: Evaluation of Basin Management Strategies for Reducing Coastal Hypoxia
Authors: Lee M. , Jung C. , Shevliakova E. , Malyshev S. , Han H. , Kim S. , Kim K. , Jaffé P. R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe spread of coastal hypoxia is a pressing global problem, largely caused by substantial nitrogen (N) exports from river basins to the coastal ocean. Most previous process‐based modeling studies for investigating basin management strategies to reduce river N exports focused on the impacts of different farming practices or land use, used watershed models that simplified many mechanisms that critically affect the state of N storage in land, were limited mainly to fairly small basins, and did not span multiple climate regimes. Here we use a process‐based land‐river model to simulate historical (1999–2010) river flows and nitrate‐N exports throughout the entire drainage network of South Korea (100,210 km2), which encompasses varying climate, land use, and hydrogeological characteristics. Based on projections by using multiple scenarios of N input reductions and climates, we explore the impacts of various ecosystem factors (i.e., N storage in basins, climate and its variability, anthropogenic N inputs, and basin location) on river nitrate‐N exports. Our findings have fundamental implications for reducing coastal hypoxia: (1) a small reduction of N inputs in basins, including intensively utilized human land use, can have a greater improvement on water quality; (2) heightening climate variability may not increase long‐term mean river N exports yet can significantly mask N input reduction effects by producing N export extremes associated with recurring coastal hypoxia; and (3) N exports to the coastal ocean can be most efficiently reduced by decreasing N inputs in subbasins, which are receiving high anthropogenic N inputs and are close to the coast.
Dominant Biological Control Over Upwelling on pCO2 in Sea East of Sri Lanka
Authors: Chakraborty Kunal , Valsala Vinu , Gupta G.V.M. , Sarma V.V.S.S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUpwelling enhances pCO2 levels due to injection of carbon‐rich water to the surface despite the removal of carbon due to increase in primary production supported by enhanced nutrients. It is hypothesized that in the Bay of Bengal, upwelling may decrease pCO2 due to existence of low saline and pCO2‐poor waters in the subsurface layer. In order to test this hypothesis, a high‐resolution state‐of‐the‐art ocean biogeochemical model (Regional Ocean Modeling System) runs are examined at the sea east of Sri Lanka (SESL) where intense upwelling occurs during summer monsoon (May to August). Upwelling enhances pCO2 by 34 μatm, whereas decrease in surface temperature and increase in surface salinity reduce pCO2 by 24 μatm. The estimated net effect of upwelling is an increase in pCO2 by 10 μatm. In contrast, soft and hard tissues together contribute to a decrease in pCO2 by 21 μatm suggesting that the biological effect dominates over upwelling, resulting in a net decrease of pCO2 by 11 μatm in the SESL. This striking contrast between the increase in pCO2 due to physical dynamics (upwelling) and the removal of pCO2 due to biological processes is caused by shallow (deep) nitracline (dissolved inorganic carbon‐isoline) in the SESL.
Seasonal and Geographic Variation in Dissolved Carbon Biogeochemistry of Rivers Draining to the Canadian Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay
Authors: Li Yung Lung Joanna Y. S. , Tank Suzanne E. , Spence Christopher , Yang Daqing , Bonsal Barrie , McClelland James W. , Holmes Robert M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe chemical composition of river water can be used to diagnose change on land, while playing a determining role in the ecology and biogeochemistry of riverine‐influenced ocean waters. Despite this, little is known about the seasonal and geographic variability of riverine chemistry throughout much of the Canadian north. Here we assess the chemical composition of a broad suite of rivers draining to the Canadian Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay using previously unpublished government data. We focus on inorganic and organic carbon (alkalinity and dissolved organic carbon), using paired chemistry and discharge measurements to assess constituent flux. Concentrations and area‐normalized yields vary substantially across the northern Canadian landscape, with dissolved organic carbon typically highest in rivers draining the Hudson Bay Lowland, alkalinity highest in rivers draining Cordillera and Plains terrains, and the ratio of organic to inorganic species highest in rivers draining the Canadian Shield. Yields of major weathering ions show that carbonate weathering—a notable proportion of which may be driven by sulfide oxidation—dominates inorganic carbon delivery from the rivers we assess. Despite the reasonably diverse coverage of the data set, we find that clear gaps exist, including a lack of data through to the present day for many rivers, and a dearth of measurements from the Arctic Archipelago and eastern shores of Hudson Bay. We therefore use a modeling approach to extrapolate fluxes to the full Canadian Arctic drainage basin. Region‐specific differences between our results and previous models reinforce the need for targeted river water chemistry measures throughout the Canadian Arctic domain.
El Niño Increases High‐Tide Flooding in Tidal Wetlands Along the U.S. Pacific Coast
Authors: Goodman Arianna C. , Thorne Karen M. , Buffington Kevin J. , Freeman Chase M. , Janousek Christopher N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPeriodic oscillations between El Niño and La Niña conditions in the Pacific Basin affect oceanographic and meteorological phenomena globally, with impacts on the abundance and distribution of marine species. However, El Niño effects on estuarine hydrology and tidal wetland processes have seldom been examined rigorously. We used detailed wetland elevation and local inundation data from 10 tidal wetlands located along the Pacific coast of the United States to assess changes in flooding during the 2015–2016 El Niño and to determine decadal‐scale relationships between estuarine sea‐level anomalies and Pacific Basin climate indices for this region. During the 2015–2016 El Niño all sites experienced significant increases in high‐tide water levels exceeding those predicted by astronomical tides, and increased flooding frequency during at least one of the El Niño subperiods relative to pre‐El Niño conditions. The magnitude of positive sea‐level anomalies varied by site (4–15 cm), with local hot spots of high water in southern Oregon, northern California, and Pt. Mugu lagoon in the Southern California Bight. Furthermore, over the last three decades of historic tide records, there were positive relationships between high‐tide sea‐level anomalies and equatorial Pacific Basin sea surface temperature anomalies across the region, and negative relationships with the Northern Oscillation Index. Increases of 1 °C in equatorial sea surface temperature were associated with 3–5 cm of increased high‐tide flooding at the sites. Elevated estuarine flooding associated with future El Niños could impact important tidal wetland processes and could be an additive stressor for wetlands facing accelerating sea‐level rise.
Single-cell genomics uncover Pelagibacter as the putative host of the extremely abundant uncultured 37-F6 viral population in the ocean
Authors: Martinez-Hernandez Francisco , Fornas Òscar , Lluesma Gomez Monica , Garcia-Heredia Inmaculada , Maestre-Carballa Lucia , López-Pérez Mario , Haro-Moreno Jose M , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco , Martinez-Garcia Manuel 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The identification of relevant virus–host pairs that globally account for a large pool of carbon and nutrients in the ocean is paramount to build accurate ecological models. A previous work using single-virus genomics led to the discovery of the uncultured single-virus vSAG 37-F6, originally sorted from the Mediterranean Sea (Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory), that represents one of the most abundant dsDNA viral population in the marine surface virosphere. Here, from same sampling site, we report that a Pelagibacter single-cell contained a viral member of vSAG 37-F6 population, by means of PCR screening of sorted, genome-amplified single cells with vSAG 37-F6-specific primers and whole-genome sequencing. Furthermore, viruses from this population were also found in three other Pelagibacter single cells from the South Pacific and Atlantic oceans. These new uncultured pelagiphages were genetically different from the previously characterized pelagiphage isolates. Data showed that the uncultured vSAG 37-F6 population represents the Pelagibacter phages that inhabit the sunlit ocean better, and contains a vast unrecognized microdiversity.