bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Postoperative Pain between Patients who underwent Primary and Repeated Caesarean Section: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Duan Guangyou , Yang Guiying , Peng Jing , Duan Zhenxin , Li Jie , Tang Xianglong , Li Hong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The presences of differences in post-operative pain are unclear between the primipara who underwent a primary cesarean section and multipara who underwent first repeat cesarean section. The study aimed to explore the possible difference in postoperative pain between primipara and multipara. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out, and only women who underwent cesarean deliveries under spinal anesthesia were included. Postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed for all subjects with 0.2 mg/kg hydromorphone and 4 mg/kg flurbiprofen, and the pump was programmed as 2.0 mL/h background infusion, and loading dose of 1 mL with a lockout period of 15 min. Postoperative incision and visceral pain intensity were evaluated using visual analogue scale, and inadequate analgesia was defined as visual analogue scale ≥40 during the postoperative 48 hours. Additionally, the patients’ pain statuses on postoperative week 1 and week 4 were also assessed during follow-up via telephone. Results: From January to May 2017, a total of 168 patients (67 primipara and 101 multipara) were included. The relative risk for multipara to experience inadequate analgesia on incision pain was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.74) compared to primipara. In patients under 30 years old, inadequate analgesia on visceral pain in the multipara was higher than that on the primipara (RR, 3.56 [1.05 to 12.04], P=0.025). There was no significant difference in the combined incidence of inadequate analgesia in both types of pain between the multipara and primipara (33.7%vs.40.2%, P=0.381). No difference was found in PCIA consumption between two groups. (111.1 ± 36.0mL vs. 110.9 ± 37.3mL, P=0.979) Additionally, a significantly higher incidence of pain at 4 weeks after the surgery was noted in the primipara compared to the multipara (62.2%vs.37.7%, P=0.011). Conclusions: Multipara who underwent first repeat cesarean section have lower risk to experience inadequate analgesia on incision pain during the first 48 hours after surgery compared to primipara. While multipara under 30 years may be more prone to experiencing postoperative inadequate analgesia on visceral pain.
Views of healthcare professionals on recruiting to a psychosocial randomised controlled trial: a qualitative study.
Authors: Aspden Trefor , Armstrong Megan , Serfaty Marc 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Randomised controlled trials, and in particular those of psychosocial interventions, often fail to recruit to target, resulting in underpowered trials with poor generalisability of findings. The objectives of this study were to explore the views of healthcare professionals on recruiting to psychosocial research studies, and to explore their views on factors that may hinder or facilitate recruitment.
Methods: We conducted 14 semi-structured interviews, with healthcare professionals who had been involved in recruitment into a randomised controlled trial of a talking therapy for depression in patients with advanced cancer. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: Five primary themes were identified, comprised of 13 subthemes. Attitudes towards research were largely positive. Health care professionals identified lack of time and narrow screening criteria as barriers to recruitment, and also noted the tendency to withhold participants from research for reasons other than eligibility (e.g., gatekeeping). The engagement of the study team with the clinical recruitment site, and the frequent presence of a researcher in clinics, were noted as facilitating recruitment.
Conclusions: Healthcare professionals involved in recruiting to trials of psychosocial interventions hold generally positive views of psychosocial research, but report that constraints limit their ability to recruit. The findings from this study can inform how best to design trials, and in particular trials of psychosocial interventions, and train health care professionals for the study, to maximise recruitment.
Trial registration: Controlled Trials ISRCTN07622709, registered 15 July 2011
The analysis of nitrogen load and simulation uncertainty using SWAT in a catchment with paddy field in China
Authors: He Qianwen , Wendland Frank , Molkenthin Frank 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Excessive load of nitrogen from anthropogenic sources is a threat to sustaining a healthy aquatic ecosystem. The difficulty in identifying the critical source areas (CSAs) of nitrogen load and apportioning the in-stream nitrogen to individual sources spatially and seasonally has made the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) useful for analyzing nitrogen load at the catchment scale. However, the uncertainty of the nitrogen load simulated by SWAT has rarely been analyzed. The two simulations with the highest or the lowest PBIAS of total nitrogen (TN) load were proposed in this study to represent the range of the prediction uncertainty and therefore were used to generate the uncertainty of CSAs and nitrogen source apportionment. The model was set up for the Yuan River Catchment, which is under threat of extensive nitrogen load. Results indicated the highest nitrogen load was from downstream paddy fields with a denser population and 85% of the load was from fertilizer and feedlots. The relatively high prediction uncertainty was observed on both CSAs and source apportionment, which emphasizes the limitation of calibration only based on certain processes and the necessity to consider parameter uncertainty in the application of nitrogen load simulation.
Treating Children With Speech Sound Disorders: Development of a Tangible Artefact Prototype
Authors: Santos Joaquim , Vairinhos Mário , Jesus Luis M T 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundA prototype of a tangible user interface (TUI) for a fishing game, which is intended to be used by children with speech sound disorders (SSD), speech and language therapists (SLTs), and kindergarten teachers and assistants (KTAs) and parents alike, has been developed and tested.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to answer the following question: How can TUIs be used as a tool to help in interventions for children with SSD?MethodsTo obtain feedback and to ensure that the prototype was being developed according to the needs of the identified target users, an exploratory test was prepared and carried out. During this test using an ethnographic approach, an observation grid, a semistructured questionnaire, and interviews were used to gather data. A total of 4 different types of stakeholders (sample size of 10) tested the prototype: 2 SLTs, 2 KTAs, and 6 children.ResultsThe analysis of quantitative and qualitative data revealed that the prototype addresses the existing needs of SLTs and KTAs, and it revealed that 5 out of 6 (83%) children enjoyed the activity. Results also revealed a high replay value, with all children saying they would play more.ConclusionsSerious games and tangible interaction for learning and problem solving serve both teachers and children, as children enjoy playing, and, through a playful approach, learning is facilitated. A clear pattern was observed: Children enjoyed playing, and numerous valid indicators showed the transposition of the traditional game into the TUI artefact was successful. The game is varied and rich enough to be attractive and fun. There is a clear need and interest in similar objects from SLTs and educators. However, the process should be even more iterative, with a multidisciplinary team, and all end users should be able to participate as co-designers.
The Role of Perceived Loneliness in Youth Addictive Behaviors: Cross-National Survey Study
Authors: Savolainen Iina , Oksanen Atte , Kaakinen Markus , Sirola Anu , Paek Hye-Jin 
Published: September 2019

Background
In the ever-growing and technologically advancing world, an increasing amount of social interaction takes place through the Web. With this change, loneliness is becoming an unprecedented societal issue, making youth more susceptible to various physical and mental health problems. This societal change also influences the dynamics of addiction.

Objective
Employing the cognitive discrepancy loneliness model, this study aimed to provide a social psychological perspective on youth addictions.

Methods
A comprehensive survey was used to collect data from American (N=1212; mean 20.05, SD 3.19; 608/1212, 50.17% women), South Korean (N=1192; mean 20.61, SD 3.24; 601/1192, 50.42% women), and Finnish (N=1200; mean 21.29, SD 2.85; 600/1200, 50.00% women) youths aged 15 to 25 years. Perceived loneliness was assessed with the 3-item Loneliness Scale. A total of 3 addictive behaviors were measured, including excessive alcohol use, compulsive internet use, and problem gambling. A total of 2 separate models using linear regression analyses were estimated for each country to examine the association between perceived loneliness and addiction.

Results
Loneliness was significantly related to only compulsive internet use among the youth in all 3 countries (P<.001 in the United States, South Korea, and Finland). In the South Korean sample, the association remained significant with excessive alcohol use (P<.001) and problem gambling (P<.001), even after controlling for potentially confounding psychological variables.

Conclusions
The findings reveal existing differences between youths who spend excessive amounts of time online and those who engage in other types of addictive behaviors. Experiencing loneliness is consistently linked to compulsive internet use across countries, although different underlying factors may explain other forms of addiction. These findings provide a deeper understanding in the mechanisms of youth addiction and can help improve prevention and intervention work, especially in terms of compulsive internet use.
Nurse-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adherence and Depression Among People Living With HIV (the Ziphamandla Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Joska John A , Andersen Lena S , Smith-Alvarez Rosana , Magidson Jessica , Lee Jasper S , O’Cleirigh Conall , Safren Steven A 
Published: September 2019

Background
There is an unmet need to develop effective, feasible, and scalable interventions for poor adherence and depression in persons living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Objective
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a nurse-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) among persons living with HIV who are failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cape Town, South Africa.

Methods
This study is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial of CBT-AD integrated into the HIV primary care setting in South Africa. A total of 160 participants who did not achieve viral suppression from their first-line ART and have a unipolar depressive mood disorder will be randomized to receive either 8 sessions of CBT-AD or enhanced treatment as usual. Participants will be assessed for major depressive disorder using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 months. The primary outcomes are depression on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D; as assessed by a blinded assessor) at the 4-month assessment and changes in ART adherence (assessed via real-time, electronic monitoring with Wisepill) between baseline and the 4-month assessment. Secondary outcomes are HIV viral load and CD4 cell count at the 12-month assessment as well as ART adherence (Wisepill) and depression (HAM-D) over follow-up (4-, 8-, and 12-month assessments).

Results
The trial commenced in August 2015 and recruitment began in July 2016. Enrollment was completed in June 2019.

Conclusions
Results of this study will inform whether an existing intervention (CBT-AD) can be effectively administered in LMIC by nurses with training and ongoing supervision. This will present unique opportunities to further explore the scale-up of a behavioral intervention to enhance ART adherence among persons living with HIV with major depression in a high-prevalence setting, to move toward achieving The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 goals.

Trial Registration
ClincialTrials.gov NCT02696824; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02696824

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/14200
A Pain eHealth Platform for Engaging Obese, Older Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain in Nonpharmacological Pain Treatments: Protocol for a Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Brooks Amber K , Miller Jr David P , Fanning Jason T , Suftin Erin L , Reid M Carrington , Wells Brian J , Leng Xiaoyan , Hurley Robert W 
Published: September 2019

Background
Low back pain is a costly healthcare problem and the leading cause of disability among adults in the United States. Primary care providers urgently need effective ways to deliver evidence-based, nonpharmacological therapies for chronic low back pain. Guidelines published by several government and national organizations have recommended nonpharmacological and nonopioid pharmacological therapies for low back pain.

Objective
The Pain eHealth Platform (PEP) pilot trial aims to test the feasibility of a highly innovative intervention that (1) uses an electronic health record (EHR) query to systematically identify a phenotype of obese, older adults with chronic low back pain who may benefit from Web-based behavioral treatments; (2) delivers highly tailored messages to eligible older adults with chronic low back pain via the patient portal; (3) links affected patients to a Web app that provides education on the efficacy of evidence-based, nonpharmacological, behavioral pain treatments; and (4) directs patients to existing Web-based health treatment tools.

Methods
Using a three-step modified Delphi method, an expert panel of primary care providers will define a low back pain phenotype for an EHR query. Using the defined low back pain phenotype, an EHR query will be created to identify patients who may benefit from the PEP. Up to 15 patients with low back pain will be interviewed to refine the tailored messaging, esthetics, and content of the patient-facing Web app within the PEP. Up to 10 primary care providers will be interviewed to better understand the facilitators and barriers to implementing the PEP, given their clinic workflow. We will assess the feasibility of the PEP in a single-arm pragmatic pilot study in which secure patient portal invitations containing a hyperlink to the PEP Web app are sent to 1000 patients. The primary outcome of the study is usability as measured by the System Usability Scale.

Results
Qualitative interviews with primary care providers were completed in April 2019. Qualitative interviews with patients will begin in December 2019.

Conclusions
The PEP will leverage informatics and the patient portal to deliver evidence-based nonpharmacological treatment information to adults with chronic low back pain. Results from this study may help inform the development of Web-based health platforms for other pain and chronic health conditions.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/14525
Observação de microscopia óptica pela internet
Authors: Varvaki Rados Pantelis , Da Silva Santos Ingrid , Salgueiro Arthur , De Farias Gabriel Amanda , Coelho Carrard Vinicius 
Published: September 2019

A integração de recurso da tecnologia da informação está mudando as práticas de ensino-aprendizagem desde os níveis primários até o superior. Na odontologia, especificamente na área da patologia bucal, essas mudanças englobam o aprimoramento das técnicas de microscopia que permitem que o aluno possa estudar o aspecto microscópico das doenças remotamente de forma semelhante ao que é ofertado na sala de aula, respeitando o seu próprio ritmo e conforme a sua conveniência. Portanto, o objetivo desse relato é apresentar um breve histórico sobre o modelo de educação tradicional dos estudantes do curso de graduação em Odontologia, e os impactos dos novos modelos de ensino, com ênfase na disponibilização de conteúdos em microscopia óptica via internet.
Does Fee Disclosure Type Matter? Evidence from Price Adjustment in the Audit Market of Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jengfang , Duh Rong-Ruey , Li Kuei-Fu 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
While mandatory audit fee disclosure makes fee information transparent, there have been concerns about the impact of price adjustment on audit quality. Taking advantage of a regulatory change in Taiwan that required public companies to disclose audit fee but allowed two alternative disclosure forms (amount disclosure or range disclosure), this study investigates the impact of the fee disclosure form on price adjustment and the influence of such adjustment on audit quality. Using a dataset including audit fees under the two disclosure forms, we find that, for overcharged companies, the downward adjustment is larger for amount disclosure companies than range disclosure companies and such downward adjustment increase discretionary accruals in amount disclosure companies but not for range disclosure companies. Our study helps understand the impact of different fee disclosure forms on price adjustment and audit quality, which should be of interest to regulators and financial statement users in Taiwan and beyond.
Causal Inference in Judgment Using the Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Rotaru Kristian , Fehrenbacher Dennis D. , Liang Min Hui , Schulz Axel K.-D. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
One of the potential threats to the effectiveness of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is that managers over- or underuse particular perspectives of the BSC. Specifically, we investigate the effects of (1) the presentation of strategic objectives (generic strategy map versus strategic objective list), and (2) the performance outcome patterns (positive versus negative outer perspective) across the performance measurement perspectives of the BSC and find support that is consistent with the violation of the causal independence assumption (VCIA) in the psychology literature (Rehder 2014). Our findings show that the presentation of the strategic objectives and the performance outcome patterns interact significantly affecting performance evaluation outcomes. Two follow-up experiments provide further support for the VCIA observed in the main experiment by ruling out an alternative explanation that managers simply place a greater emphasis on financial performance measures.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
PRODUKTIVITAS DOSEN (Kajian Faktor-Faktor Penduga Diketahui)
Authors: Sutrisno Budi , Mulyani Sri 
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this research is to know: (1) organizational climate influence to lec­turer productivity; (2) satisfaction influence work to lecturer productivity; (3) interest influence to lecturer productivity; (4) motivation influence to lecturer productivity; and (5) influence by simultaneous between organizational climate, work satisfaction, interest, and motivate to lecturer productivity. Research Method used is quantitative method by causal design. This research popu­lation is all lecturers remain at Veteran Bangun Nusantara University of Sukoharjo a number of1 09 people. Research sample counted 86 one who is taken by using formula from Slovin, and to each faculty taken by proportional. Data collecting technique uses the questioner. The data are analyzed by Double Regress. The result indicates that: (1) organizational climate gives positive and significant influence to lecturer productivity. Level of influence gives a organizational climate to visible lecturer productivity through the equation of regress Y = 5,105 + 0,505X1; (2) work satisfaction gives positive and significant influence to lecturer productivity. Level of influence is a work satisfaction to visible lecturer productivity through the equation of regress Y = 5,105 + 0,425X2; (3) interest gives positive and significant influence to lecturer productivity. Level of influence is given by interest to visible lecturer productivity through the equation of regress Y = 5,105 + 0,594X3; (4) motivation positive and significant influence to lecturer productivity. Level of influence is given by motivation to visible lecturer productivity through the equation of regress = 5,105 + 0,479X4; (5) there is simultaneous in organizational climate, work satisfaction, interest, and motivate to have an effect on lecturer productivity. This matter is proved from result F test, got F calculated 124,802 with the level significance 0,000. Level of influence by simultaneous are organizational climate, work satisfaction, interest, and motivate to have an effect on to lecturer productivity is equal to 86%, the rest that is 14% representing incoming influence from other factor.
Nonconformities in Veterinary Cytopathological Examinations: A Retrospective Study of Unsuitable Samples for Analysis
Authors: Silva Melina Barreto Gomes da , Pascoal Ingrid Cavalcanti , Silva Órion Pedro da , Alves Amanda de Deus Ferreira , Gonçalves Saulo Romero Félix , Barretto Mariana Lumack do Monte , Pinheiro Junior José Wilton , Pereira Márcia de Figueiredo , Oliveira Andrea Alice da Fonseca 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the main nonconformities that result in cytopathological samples inappropriate for diagnosis in veterinary medicine. All cytopathological samples, obtained from different canine and feline tissues/lesions, included in the study were received and classified as inconclusive by a single public laboratory of veterinary pathology, located in Pernambuco State, Brazil, between 2012 and 2016. Nonconformities regarding the smear quality, cellularity, presence or absence of hemorrhage, cellular overlapping, desiccation, and presence or absence of necrotic debris and/or artifacts were evaluated. Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2007; absolute and relative frequencies were calculated using EPIINFO 3.5.2. From the 3268 cases received between 2012 and 2016, 190 cases were selected and comprised 514 inconclusive slides. The most frequent nonconformities detected were insufficient/absence of cellularity in 100% (514/514), inadequate submacroscopic presentation in 87% (446/514), and hemorrhage in 69% (356/514) of samples. Other features identified were cellular overlapping in 34% (175/514), inadequate staining in 31% (175/514), artifacts in 30% (154/514), desiccation in 28% (145/514), and necrotic debris in 26% (133/514) of samples. The implementation of laboratory standard operational procedures aimed at maintaining quality is essential. It is necessary to initially identify the main errors occurring in the processing stages as a way to guide and design strategies to avoid them.