bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Features for Measuring Disease Activity in Pediatric Localized Scleroderma
Authors: Li Suzanne C. , Li Xiaohu , Pope Elena , Stewart Katie , Higgins Gloria C. , Rabinovich C. Egla , O’Neil Kathleen M. , Haines Kathleen A. , Laxer Ronald M. , Punaro Marilynn , Jacobe Heidi , Andrews Tracy , Wittkowski Knut , Nyirenda Themba , Foeldvari Ivan , Torok Kathryn S. 
Published: September 2018

Objective.To identify clinical features that define disease activity in pediatric localized scleroderma (LS), and determine their specificity and importance.Methods.We conducted a multicenter prospective study of patients with active and inactive LS skin lesions. A standardized evaluation of a single designated study lesion per subject was performed at 3 visits. We evaluated the pattern and correlation between assessed features and physician’s global assessments of activity (PGA-A).Results.Ninety of 103 subjects had evaluable data; 66 had active and 24 inactive disease. Subjects had similar age of onset, sex, and disease patterns. Linear scleroderma was the most common subtype. Features specific for active disease included erythema, violaceous color, tactile warmth, abnormal skin texture, and disease extension. Scores for these variables changed over time and correlated with PGA-A of the lesion. Active and inactive lesions could not be distinguished by the presence or level of skin thickening, either of lesion edge or center. However, in active lesions, skin thickening scores did correlate with PGA–A scores. Regression analysis identified the combination of erythema, disease extension, violaceous color, skin thickening, and abnormal texture as predictive of PGA-A at study entry. Damage features were common irrespective of activity status.Conclusion.We identified variables strongly associated with disease activity, expanding upon those used in current measures, and determined their relative importance in physician activity scoring. Skin thickening was found to lack specificity for disease activity. These results will help guide development of a sensitive, responsive activity tool to improve care of patients with LS.
Le post-nouveau management public : un nouveau paradigme administratif pour la Chine ?
Authors: Christensen Tom , Fan Yongmao 
Published: September 2018

En partant de trois perspectives théoriques – instrumentale, culturelle et mythique –, le présent article analyse les raisons de l’émergence mondiale des réformes post-nouveau management public et résume les caractéristiques typiques de ces mesures. Plus spécifiquement, il explore le lien entre le post-nouveau management public et les réformes du secteur public en Chine, et soutient que les réformes en cours en Chine, comme la réforme du super-ministère, la réglementation de l’industrie, la politique de logement abordable, les réformes sociales et de soins de santé, ainsi que la campagne de lutte contre la corruption, ont mis en lumière divers aspects des mesures post-nouveau management public. Cependant, étant donné que les systèmes administratifs publics complexes de la Chine sont plus centralisés que dans de nombreux pays occidentaux, elle est confrontée à de grands défis pour décider des réformes et les mettre en œuvre. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les réformes administratives examinées démontrent que la Chine imite les réformes post-nouveau management public et les adapte aux traditions culturelles chinoises. Le cas de la Chine révèle que le secteur public est une combinaison complexe d’éléments de nouveau management public et de réformes post-nouveau management public dans un processus où de nouveaux éléments de réforme sont continuellement ajoutés aux anciens. Les réformes de la Chine sont toujours en cours ; ces dernières années, le pays s’est davantage concentré sur la réforme économique, la décentralisation et l’efficacité ; mais aujourd’hui, ses réformes se tournent vers la stabilité sociale, l’ordre politique et le contrôle central.
Idiosyncrasie de l’indigénisme en Amérique latine. Pluralité des sources et des appropriations extra-latino-américaines
Authors: Greet Michele , Luna Anahí , Vaudry Élodie 
Published: September 2018

Ce numéro 12 d'Artelogie rassemble des articles traitant des sources extra-latino-américaines de l'indigénisme dans une approche diachronique et transdisciplinaire et invite à analyser cette thématique sous l'angle des transferts culturels, des processus d'appropriations intellectuelles et plastiques ou bien des refus d'adoptions de modèles politiques et artistiques.La « négociation » entre nationalisme et internationalisme est au cœur de la problématique de ce numéro qui propose de questionner un tel processus comme une stratégie de transculturation entre l’Amérique latine et le reste du monde. Jusqu’alors majoritairement étudié comme un mouvement centripète à cette aire géographique, il convient ici d’appréhender l’indigénisme comme un phénomène centrifuge, pluriséculaire et transculturel.
Offre et fréquentation des transports publics bruxellois de 1950 à 2017
Authors: Carton Vincent 
Published: September 2018

S’appuyant sur les statistiques de la STIB depuis 1950, cet article analyse les choix faits en matière d’offre de transport en commun. D’un réseau basé quasi exclusivement sur le tram, on est passé progressivement à une offre métro-tram-bus retrouvant aujourd’hui son intensité en km parcourus de 1950. Si le métro a rapidement fait consensus, il n’a pas permis de compenser les réductions de l’offre engendrées par les économies sur l’exploitation du réseau dans les années 1980. Mettre l’essentiel des moyens sur un seul mode, en particulier si sa couverture territoriale est limitée, n’est pas suffisant. Même si la relation entre l’amélioration de l’offre et le gain de clientèle n’est pas automatique, une conclusion apparaît : en 68 ans, la STIB a attiré plus d’usagers à trois reprises lorsqu’elle a amélioré l’offre sur l’ensemble du réseau, surtout les fréquences des trams et des bus, les fréquences du métro ayant toujours été élevées. L’étude éclaire le débat sur les choix possibles : faut-il investir dans une ligne de métro entre Albert et Bordet ou investir dans le réseau de surface (extension au moyen de lignes à « haut niveau de service », protection des trams et bus vis-à-vis du trafic et amélioration des fréquences) ?
The Rupture as Ethical Imperative: Reading thePhaedrusthrough Levinas's Ethics
Authors: Musgrave Kevin 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTReading the Phaedrus through Levinas's ethics for the other, I argue that the dialogic rupture in the Phaedrus offers an ethical imperative for rhetoric to respect alterity. Following James Kastely, I suggest that attempts to create a unified understanding of the dialogues within the Phaedrus miss the way in which the thematic discontinuity of the text functions philosophically and performatively. This rupture, I posit, signifies an ethical stance toward alterity that forgoes the possibility of violence and respects plurality. Such an ethical stance offers an imperative for a rhetorical ethic of listening in dialogue and suggests that rhetorical scholars return to Plato as a valuable resource for theorizing rhetorical ethics.
Effect of designing a nursing educational protocol on frequency of epileptic attacks
Authors: Mohammed Hend E. , Mohammed Amal H. , Hassan Sabah S. 
Published: September 2018

Background and objective: Educating the epileptic patient represents a critical part of quality care and is considered a therapeutic outcome for those patients. This study aimed to determine epileptic patients' knowledge regarding the disease and frequency of seizure attacks prior to the implementation of the educational protocol and to evaluate the effect of an educational protocol on epileptic patient's knowledge and frequency of seizure attacks.Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental (pre-posttest) design was submit to meet the aim of the study. Patients: Sixty convenient male and female adult seizure patients were their age ranged between 18-64 years. Setting: This study was carried out in Neurological department and neurology out-patient clinic at Minia University Hospital. Tools of data collection: Four tools were utilized; Pre/posttest questionnaire sheet, Perceived Stress Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and patient teaching booklet.Results: About 86.7% of the study sample has an unsatisfactory level of knowledge about seizures and 13.3% have satisfactory knowledge about seizures before the implementation of the protocol. While in posttest II it was noticed that 90.0% have satisfactory knowledge about seizures. There was a high positive significant correlation between perceived stress scale and frequency of attacks among the study subjects.Conclusions: An improvement in seizure patients’ knowledge after the implementation of the educational protocol. An improvement in patient’s knowledge positively reflected on minimization and control frequency of seizure attacks. Recommendation: An educational and training protocol should be planned in a continuous manner and offered on regular basis to seizure patients.
Exome sequencing study of 20 patients with high myopia
Authors: Wan Ling , Deng Boling , Wu Zhengzheng , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: September 2018

Background
High myopia is a common ocular disease worldwide. To expand our current understanding of the genetic basis of high myopia, we carried out a whole exome sequencing (WES) study to identify potential causal gene mutations.

Methods
A total of 20 individuals with high myopia were exome sequenced. A novel filtering strategy combining phenotypes and functional impact of variants was applied to identify candidate genes by multi-step bioinformatics analyses. Network and enrichment analysis were employed to examine the biological pathways involved in the candidate genes.

Results
In 16 out of 20 patients, we identified 20 potential pathogenic gene variants for high myopia. A total of 18 variants were located in myopia-associated chromosomal regions. In addition to the novel mutations found in five known myopia genes (ADAMTS18, CSMD1, P3H2, RPGR, and SLC39A5), we also identified pathogenic variants in seven ocular disease genes (ABCA4, CEP290, HSPG2, PCDH15, SAG, SEMA4A, and USH2A) as novel candidate genes. The biological processes associated with vision were significantly enriched in our candidate genes, including visual perception, photoreceptor cell maintenance, retinoid metabolic process, and cellular response to zinc ion starvation.

Discussion
Systematic mutation analysis of candidate genes was performed using WES data, functional interaction (FI) network, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment. FI network analysis revealed important network modules and regulator linker genes (EP300, CTNNB1) potentially related to high myopia development. Our study expanded the list of candidate genes associated with high myopia, which increased the genetic screening performance and provided implications for future studies on the molecular genetics of myopia.
A Process Controls Approach to Cell Signalling
Authors: McGirr Brooke A , Tubergen Philip J , Hartz Julie L , Myers Paul J , Pitman Mark A , Lazzara Matthew J , Deppmann Christopher D 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Many biological questions can benefit from the diverse perspectives of multiple disciplines, including engineering. In the last several decades, biological research has been advanced from engineering approaches to delineate processes including stem cell differentiation, optimizing cancer therapies, and building physical and genetic tools to manipulate cell function. The collaboration between fields necessitates a common language to bridge concepts that have historically been developed for engineering and emergent properties of biological systems. By utilizing the expertise of both fields, greater advances can be reached in biological research through the application of large data sets and modelling of biological processes. Parallels between cellular signalling and engineering process controls include feedback and feed‐forward loops, amplification and thresholds; in both fields, these subprocesses contribute widely to the overall function of the cell and engineered system. Feedback and feed‐forward loops, amplification and thresholds, along with their importance in biology and process controls and their contributions to overall function.

Key Concepts

Parallels exist between the structure and function of cellular signal transduction architectures and engineering process control concepts.

Disruptions in signalling pathways and process control systems can have detrimental consequences, including health disorders and manufacturing casualties, respectively.

Understanding cell signalling mechanisms in a process control context can provide a novel perspective for understanding treatments and therapies of diseases stemming from dysregulation of cellular controls.

Similarities between everyday process controls like air conditioning can help unravel apparent complexities in cellular signaling.

Using extended analogy between process controls and cellular signaling may provide insights into mechanisms of manipulation not previously explored.
Structural Chemistry of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds
Authors: Justik Michael W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo quote the modernist architectural mantra: “form follows function.” HVI compounds possess highly unique geometric features, which are highly tunable toward reactivity, making them impressively useful tools in modern synthetic chemistry. This chapter will endeavor to discuss the latest investigations into the structures of λ3‐ and λ5‐iodanes and revisit the past work with fresh insight. A new taxonomy for organizing hypervalent iodine compounds by structure will be introduced. The latest understanding of halogen bonding will be applied to the long‐observed “secondary‐bonding” interactions present in many solid‐state structures. These interactions are now understood to play a key role in the opening stages of reaction mechanisms involving hypervalent iodine reagents, especially in arylation chemistry. The X‐ray crystallographic data from a representative scope of iodanes will be complied in one work, as an easily accessible reference for those new to the field or those cogitating new possible structural motifs to solve synthetic challenges.
Concurrent Change in Quadriceps Strength and Physical Function Over Five Years in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Bacon Kathryn L. , Segal Neil A. , Øiestad Britt Elin , Lewis Cora E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Brown Carrie , Felson David T. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveQuadriceps weakness, associated with functional limitations, is a target of treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Limited data exist on the relationship between modest strength increases and improvements in function. The aim of this study was to evaluate concurrent change in strength and physical function over 5 years.MethodsAmong subjects from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) study, we excluded those with knee replacement after baseline. A 3‐category variable defined whether, at 5 years, knee extensor strength increased, decreased, or remained within 15% of baseline, a clinically important cut‐off. The outcomes were the 5‐times sit‐to‐stand test, 20‐meter walk test, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) physical function score, and 3 individual physical functions from WOMAC: arising from a chair, going up stairs, and getting on/off toilet. Linear and logistic models, stratified by sex, evaluated associations between change in strength and change in physical function over 5 years. To compare weaker versus stronger women, we stratified analyses at 56 Nm baseline strength.ResultsAmong 1,534 participants (60.6% women), 22% of men and 30% of women increased strength by at least 15% at 5 years. Compared with women whose strength did not change, women whose strength increased had improved chair stand performance (odds ratio 2.27 [95% confidence interval 1.56, 3.30]) but no improvement in other functions. In men, an increase in strength was not associated with significant improvement in physical function. Similar results were observed for a 20% or 30% increase.ConclusionModest improvement in quadriceps strength was associated with improved chair stand performance in women but not in men. Most functions did not improve with an increase in strength, and targeted interventions may be required to improve functional status.
Patient Perspectives on Intravenous Biologics for Rheumatologic Disease
Authors: Grisanti Lucas , Kwiatkowski Alysia , Dyrda Peter , Field Ellen , Grisanti Joseph , Hatem James , Dehoratius Raphael J. , Gaylis Norman 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTwo surveys were conducted with patients with rheumatologic diseases to evaluate perceptions of different routes of administration (intravenous [IV] or subcutaneous [SC]) for biologic therapy.MethodsIn Survey I, patient preferences toward biologic treatment were evaluated at a rheumatology practice in Buffalo, New York. In Survey II, Canadian patients enrolled in the BioAdvance patient support program and scheduled to receive IV biologic therapy were asked about their opinions of IV treatment.ResultsIn Survey I, 243 rheumatology patients participated. Median patient age was 60 years, 76% were female, and 44% were naive to treatment with biologic agents. Among biologic‐naive patients, the majority (56%) were open to either SC or IV treatment; biologic‐naive women were more likely than men to express a preference for the route of administration. In Survey II, 1,598 patients from the BioAdvance program (including 306 rheumatology patients) completed the full survey. Among the rheumatology patients, the median age was 49 years, 58% were female, and 61% had not previously taken biologics before enrolling in the BioAdvance program. The median rating of IV favorability (on a 10‐point scale, with higher numbers indicating increased favorability) recalled by rheumatology patients was 5 prior to their first program infusion, which increased to 9 after multiple treatment infusions.ConclusionThese survey results indicate that patients with rheumatoid arthritis are generally open to IV treatment and express high satisfaction with IV therapy. Additional patient and provider education may improve shared decision‐making regarding biologic therapy administration options.
Repetitive Knee Bending and Synovitis in Individuals at Risk of and With Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Osteoarthritis Biomarkers Consortium
Authors: Van Ginckel Ans , Wittoek Ruth , De Mits Sophie , Calders Patrick 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between engagement in knee bending (stair climbing, kneeling, squatting, heavy lifting, getting in/out of a squatting position) and synovitis prevalence on noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in individuals at risk of and with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsWe included baseline data from 594 participants (mean ± SD age 61.5 ± 8.9 years, 61% had Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2; 59% were female; mean ± SD body mass index was 30.7 ± 4.8 kg/m2) of the Osteoarthritis Biomarker Consortium Foundation for the National Institutes of Health project. Knee bending activities were queried by a standard questionnaire, and the severity of Hoffa synovitis and effusion synovitis (surrogate outcomes of synovitis) were graded using the MRI OsteoArthritis Knee Scoring system. Logistic regression was used, unadjusted and adjusted, for metabolic syndrome, physical activity level, and sex. A grade ≥1 defined synovitis prevalence, with a grade ≥2 cutoff implemented in sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of grade ≥1 Hoffa synovitis and effusion synovitis equaled 59% (n = 353) and 62% (n = 366), respectively. Adjusted for confounders, kneeling for ≥30 minutes during a single day was associated with grade ≥1 Hoffa synovitis prevalence (odds ratio [OR] 1.65 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.11–2.47]). Participants engaging in this activity ≤1 day per week had greater odds for prevalent Hoffa synovitis than those who did not perform the activity (OR 1.88 [95% CI 1.11–3.18]). No other significant associations were found. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar findings.ConclusionIn this selected sample with a preponderance of grade ≥1 Hoffa and/or effusion synovitis on noncontrast MRI, only prolonged kneeling was associated with Hoffa synovitis prevalence. Replication in other samples is warranted.
Carbon‐Based Photocathode Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Bellani Sebastiano , Antognazza Maria Rosa , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHydrogen is considered a promising environmentally friendly energy carrier for replacing traditional fossil fuels. In this context, photoelectrochemical cells effectively convert solar energy directly to H2 fuel by water photoelectrolysis, thereby monolitically combining the functions of both light harvesting and electrolysis. In such devices, photocathodes and photoanodes carry out the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Here, the focus is on photocathodes for HER, traditionally based on metal oxides, III–V group and II–VI group semiconductors, silicon, and copper‐based chalcogenides as photoactive material. Recently, carbon‐based materials have emerged as reliable alternatives to the aforementioned materials. A perspective on carbon‐based photocathodes is provided here, critically analyzing recent research progress and outlining the major guidelines for the development of efficient and stable photocathode architectures. In particular, the functional role of charge‐selective and protective layers, which enhance both the efficiency and the durability of the photocathodes, is discussed. An in‐depth evaluation of the state‐of‐the‐art fabrication of photocathodes through scalable, high‐troughput, cost‐effective methods is presented. The major aspects on the development of light‐trapping nanostructured architectures are also addressed. Finally, the key challenges on future research directions in terms of potential performance and manufacturability of photocathodes are analyzed.
Visible‐Light‐Responsive 2D Cadmium–Organic Framework Single Crystals with Dual Functions of Water Reduction and Oxidation
Authors: Xiao Yejun , Qi Yu , Wang Xiuli , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Fuxiang , Li Can 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with dual functions of both water reduction and oxidation under visible‐light irradiation is highly desirable for promising solar water splitting, but is not yet reported. Herein, a cadmium‐based MOF (denoted as “Cd‐TBAPy”) single crystal with a 2D layered framework by employing 1,3,6,8‐tetrakis(p‐benzoic acid)pyrene (H4TBAPy) as an organic linker is reported, which exhibits good visible‐light absorption with edge of ≈600 nm. The Mott–Schottky (M–S) measurement and UV–vis analysis integrally reveal that the Cd‐TBAPy is an n‐type semiconductor with a bandgap of ≈2.15 eV whose conduction and valence band are estimated to be −0.05 and 2.10 eV, respectively. Together with loading of Pt or CoPi cocatalyst, the Cd‐TBAPy is active for both water reduction and oxidation in the presence of scavengers under visible‐light irradiation. Especially, the optimized apparent quantum efficiency for O2 evolution reaches 5.6% at 420 nm, much higher than that of previous MOF‐based photocatalysts reported so far. This is thought to be the first MOF that functions as a photocatalyst for both water reduction and oxidation under visible light, demonstrating the intriguing future of MOF materials in solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion.