bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical use of electrical stimulation with the Veinplicity® device and its effect on the first attempt success rate of peripheral intravenous cannulation: A non-randomized clinical trial
Authors: van Loon Fredericus HJ , Willekens Freek JP , Buise Marc P , Korsten Hendrikus HM , Bouwman Arthur RA , Dierick-van Daele Angelique TM 
Published: March 2019

Background: Peripheral intravenous cannulation is one of the most frequently performed medical procedures. Venodilation, which can be achieved with different techniques, is an important factor for first attempt success. The objective of this study was to compare the first attempt success rates upon peripheral intravenous cannulation after applying a tourniquet, with venous dilation by electrical stimulation using the Veinplicity® device, or a combination of both techniques, in participants at moderate risk of a difficult peripheral intravenous access. Methods: This non-randomized clinical trial was carried out in adult patients divided into three parallel study groups, consisting of cannulation with a tourniquet (control group), cannulation after electrical stimulation without using a tourniquet (intervention group 1), and cannulation after applying electrical stimulation followed by the application of a tourniquet on the selected upper extremity (intervention group 2). The primary outcome was the first attempt success rate of peripheral intravenous catheter placement. Results: In all, 141 participants were included in this study, with an overall success rate of 86%. Success rates of 78%, 88%, and 92% were observed in the control group, intervention group 1, and intervention group 2, respectively ( p = 0.25, χ2 = 2.771, df = 2). A higher first attempt success rate was detected in participants in intervention group 2, when compared to the control group ( p = 0.04, χ2 = 4.63, df = 1). Conclusion: Increase in first attempt success was clinically relevant when electrical stimulation with the Veinplicity® device was combined with the application of a tourniquet in participants at moderate risk of a difficult peripheral intravenous access.
The diagnostic value of intracavitary electrocardiogram for verifying tip position of peripherally inserted central catheters in cancer patients: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Yu Ting , Wu Ligui , Yuan Ling , Dawson Robert , Li Rongmei , Qiu Zhenzhu , Wu Xiancui , Chen Ping , Qi Jing , Yang Yiqun , Feng Yuling , Xu Wei , Kong Weiwei , Chen Yang , Li Shanping , Wu Xiang , Yan Tingting 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of intracavitary electrocardiogram for verifying tip position of peripherally inserted central catheters in cancer patients during follow-up period. Methods: From March 2015 to October 2015, 126 patients involved in eight hospitals who underwent peripherally inserted central catheter placement received intracavitary electrocardiogram and chest X-ray to verify position of the catheter tip during follow-up period. Their intracavitary electrocardiogram was compared with surface electrocardiogram to judge catheter tip landing zone in one of three different anatomical zones. The amplitude of intracavitary electrocardiogram P wave and the ratio of intracavitary electrocardiogram P wave/surface electrocardiogram P wave were measured and showed correlation with catheter tip position confirmed by chest X-ray. Based on chest X-ray principle, all the cases were assigned into three intracavitary electrocardiogram groups to explore the optimal cut-off values for intracavitary electrocardiogram P wave and intracavitary electrocardiogram P wave/surface electrocardiogram P wave by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic. Results: No technique-related complications or adverse events occurred in this study. The matching rate between intracavitary electrocardiogram and chest X-ray method was 93.7%. The optimal cut-off values for intracavitary electrocardiogram P wave were set from 3.15 to 3.75 mV, and intracavitary electrocardiogram P wave/surface electrocardiogram P wave from 1.65 to 3.25. Conclusions: It is demonstrated in this retrospective multicenter study that the intracavitary electrocardiogram method for verifying tip position of peripherally inserted central catheter during follow-up period is feasible and accurate in all adult patients with cancer.
Arteriovenous fistula and pre-surgery mapping: Potential role of physical exercise on endothelial function
Authors: Distefano Giulio , Zanoli Luca , Basile Antonio , Fatuzzo Pasquale , Granata Antonio 
Published: March 2019

Background: The success of the construction of an arteriovenous fistula for haemodialysis is related to the vascular function of the vessels involved in the anastomosis, with particular reference to radial artery distensibility after reactive hyperaemia test and to the fall of resistance index. Only few studies have evaluated the impact of exercise protocols on the endothelial and morphological characteristics of the vessels of the upper limb with inconclusive results. In this pilot longitudinal study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a standardized exercise protocol on the haemodynamic and resistive index of the arteries of the upper limb of uraemic patients. Methods: A total of 17 uraemic patients planned to construct arteriovenous fistula at the distal third of the forearm were enrolled and followed up for 30 days. All patients performed repeated handgrips for 30 min/day. The arterial parameters were detected before and after an ischaemic stress of 5 min and radial and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was evaluated as well as radial artery resistance index. Results: Pre-exercise measurements of radial artery diameter and resistance index and brachial artery diameter were not modified by 30 days hand physical exercise, whereas the post-exercise haemodynamic were improved. Consequently, flow-mediated dilation of the radial artery was improved (21% ± 14% vs 30% ± 19%; p = 0.03) and resistance index of the radial artery was reduced ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: Exercise has beneficial effects on endothelial function of the radial artery by resistive index and, potentially, on the outcome of the arteriovenous fistula. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm our preliminary data.
Computer-aided pancreas segmentation based on 3D GRE Dixon MRI: a feasibility study
Authors: Gong Xiaoliang , Ma Chao , Yang Panpan , Chen Yufei , Du Chaolin , Fu Caixia , Lu Jian-Ping 
Published: March 2019

Background Pancreas segmentation is of great significance for pancreatic cancer radiotherapy positioning, pancreatic structure, and function evaluation. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of computer-aided pancreas segmentation based on optimized three-dimensional (3D) Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods Seventeen healthy volunteers (13 men, 4 women; mean age = 53.4 ± 13.2 years; age range = 28–76 years) underwent routine and optimized 3D gradient echo (GRE) Dixon MRI at 3.0 T. The computer-aided segmentation of the pancreas was executed by the Medical Imaging Interaction ToolKit (MITK) with the traditional segmentation algorithm pipeline (a threshold method and a morphological method) on the opposed-phase and water images of Dixon. The performances of our proposed computer segmentation method were evaluated by Dice coefficients and two-dimensional (2D)/3D visualization figures, which were compared for the opposed-phase and water images of routine and optimized Dixon sequences. Results The dice coefficients of the computer-aided pancreas segmentation were 0.633 ± 0.080 and 0.716 ± 0.033 for opposed-phase and water images of routine Dixon MRI, respectively, while they were 0.415 ± 0.143 and 0.779 ± 0.048 for the optimized Dixon MRI, respectively. The Dice index was significantly higher based on the water images of optimized Dixon than those in the other three groups (all P values < 0.001), including water images of routine Dixon MRI and both of the opposed-phase images of routine and optimized Dixon sequences. Conclusion Computer-aided pancreas segmentation based on Dixon MRI is feasible. The water images of optimized Dixon obtained the best similarity with a good stability.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activities of Cucumis africanus L.f.:: A Wild Vegetable of South Africa
Authors: Abifarin Taiwo Oluwafunmilola , Afolayan Anthony Jide , Otunola Gloria Aderonke 
Published: March 2019

Objective. To evaluate the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of the acetone, aqueous, and methanol extracts of the fruit, leaf, and root of Cucumis africanus L.f. Methods. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. The free radical scavenging activity of the acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of the fruit, leaf, and root were evaluated against DPPH+, ABTS+, and phosphomolybdenum. Alkaloid and saponin contents were also determined. Results. The acetone extract of the fruit revealed the highest polyphenol content when compared with the other solvent extracts analyzed. Total phenol content of the parts tested ranged from 3.66 ± 0.17 to 44.98 ± 3.41, flavonoid content ranged from 4.63 ± 3.33 to 401.33 ± 7.89, and proanthocyanidin content ranged from 8.84 ± 2.65 to 504 ± 36.6. Significant amount of alkaloids present was observed in the fruits, leaf, and root (10.68 ± 0.68, 14.12 ± 1.67, and 12.15 ± 4.74), respectively, while saponin content was 33.33 ± 11.55, 26.67 ± 11.55, and 20.00 ± 0.00 for the fruit, leaf, and root, respectively. Solvent extracts showed significant antioxidant activity, with acetone showing highest antioxidant ability in correlation with the polyphenol contents. Based on the IC50 values, acetone extract of the root revealed the best DPPH radical scavenging ability, the leaf aqueous extract had the highest IC50 value for ABTS, and the methanol extract of the leaf was best for phosphomolybdenum assays. Conclusion. This study suggests that fruit, leaf, and root of Cucumis africanus could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and justifies its use in ethnomedicine.
A scale for patient-reported symptom assessment for patients with Erdheim-Chester disease
Authors: Diamond Eli L. , Reiner Anne S. , Buthorn Justin J. , Shuk Elyse , Applebaum Allison J. , Hyman David M. , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Rampal Raajit , Janku Filip , Brewer Kathleen , Campbell Jean , Mao Jun J. , Atkinson Thomas M. , Panageas Katherine S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an ultra-rare hematologic neoplasm characterized by somatic mutations of the MAPK pathway and by accumulation of lesional histiocytes within tissues. Clinical phenotypes and sites of disease involvement are heterogenous in ECD, and no tool exists for systematic and comprehensive assessment of ECD symptomatology. We describe a collaborative effort among ECD specialists, patient-reported outcome (PRO) methodologists, and ECD patients to develop the Erdheim-Chester Disease Symptom Scale (ECD-SS): a symptom inventory for clinical ECD care and evaluation of ECD therapies. Methodologically rigorous focus groups led to the identification of 63 ECD symptoms in 6 categories, incorporated into the ECD-SS with respect to both severity and frequency. Among 50 ECD patients participating in a prospective registry study completing the ECD-SS, 46 (92%) reported neurological/psychological symptoms, 29 (58%) reported pain, and at least one-half reported mood symptoms, memory problems, or fatigue. Symptoms were highly frequent or almost constant regardless of their severity. The ECD-SS is a rigorously developed, patient-centered tool that demonstrates the wide and previously unappreciated burden of symptomatology experienced by ECD patients. Further studies will refine the symptom inventory and define its psychometric properties and role in clinical care and investigation in the context of ECD.
Epilepsy Emergencies: Status Epilepticus, Acute Repetitive Seizures, and Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: VanHaerents Stephen , Gerard Elizabeth E. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEWThis article reviews epilepsy emergencies, including status epilepticus, acute repetitive seizures, autoimmune encephalitis, and the current perspective on their diagnosis and treatment.RECENT FINDINGSRecent guidelines on the treatment of status epilepticus from the Neurocritical Care Society in 2012 and the American Epilepsy Society in 2016 highlight areas of consensus in the treatment of status epilepticus as well as areas of uncertainty. The TRENdS (Treatment of Recurrent Electrographic Nonconvulsive Seizures) trial is the first prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of IV antiseizure medications in controlling nonconvulsive seizures on continuous EEG. It demonstrated that IV lacosamide is noninferior to fosphenytoin in this setting. Autoimmune encephalitis is an increasingly recognized cause of new-onset seizures or status epilepticus. Recently described scoring systems, the Antibody Prevalence in Epilepsy score and the Response to Immunotherapy in Epilepsy score, can help in the assessment of autoimmune encephalitis.SUMMARYStatus epilepticus, acute repetitive seizures, and autoimmune encephalitis are neurologic emergencies. For all these conditions, rapid and appropriate treatment may influence patient prognosis and mitigate neuronal injury. For convulsive status epilepticus, there is reasonable consensus on the initial steps that need to be taken. There is less agreement about the management of acute repetitive seizures and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. An increasingly recognized etiology of status epilepticus is autoimmune encephalitis, which may not be as rare as previously thought.
Evaluation of Seizure Etiology From Routine Testing to Genetic Evaluation
Authors: Schuele Stephan U. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEWRecognizing the cause of a first seizure and identifying the etiology of epilepsy are essential for management. A systematic approach to patients who present with a first seizure helps distinguish between an acute symptomatic seizure, a provoked or unprovoked seizure, and potential mimickers. Routine testing with EEG and MRI may reveal a predisposition for further seizures and help to establish the underlying epilepsy syndrome. An acquired etiology can be identified in 30% of patients with established epilepsy. The remaining 70% of patients have a presumably genetic etiology. Particularly in patients with specific epilepsy syndromes or suspicion for an autosomal dominant inheritance, genetic testing and counseling should be considered.RECENT FINDINGSNeuroimaging, autoimmune antibodies, and genetic testing have revolutionized our ability to investigate the etiology of many epilepsies. The new epilepsy classification distinguishes structural, metabolic, genetic, infectious, and immune-mediated etiologies, which often help determine prognosis and treatment.SUMMARYThere is growing acceptance and demystification of the termepilepsyas the most common cause for recurrent seizures. The new classification of epilepsy does not stop with the recognition of particular epilepsy syndromes but aims to determine the underlying etiology. This can lead to earlier recognition of surgical candidates, a better understanding of many of the genetic epilepsies, and medical treatments aimed at the underlying mechanism causing the disease.
Standardizing Analytic Methods and Reporting in Activity Monitor Validation Studies
Authors: WELK GREGORY J. , BAI YANG , LEE JUNG-MIN , GODINO JOB , SAINT-MAURICE PEDRO F. , CARR LUCAS 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionA lack of standardization with accelerometry-based monitors has made it hard to advance applications for both research and practice. Resolving these challenges is essential for developing methods for consistent, agnostic reporting of physical activity outcomes from wearable monitors in clinical applications.MethodsThis article reviewed the literature on the methods used to evaluate the validity of contemporary consumer activity monitors. A rationale for focusing on energy expenditure as a key outcome measure in validation studies was provided followed by a summary of the strengths and limitations of different analytical methods. The primary review included 23 recent validation studies that collectively reported energy expenditure estimates from 58 monitors relative to values from appropriate criterion measures.ResultsThe majority of studies reported weak indicators such as correlation coefficients (87%), but only half (52%) reported the recommended summary statistic of mean absolute percent error needed to evaluate actual individual error. Fewer used appropriate tests of agreement such as equivalence testing (22%).ConclusionsThe use of inappropriate analytic methods and incomplete reporting of outcomes is a major limitation for systematically advancing research with both research grade and consumer-grade activity monitors. Guidelines are provided to standardize analytic methods and reporting in these types of studies to enhance the utility of the devices for clinical mHealth applications.
Beep Test Performance Is Influenced by 30 Minutes of Cognitive Work
Authors: MACMAHON CLARE , HAWKINS ZACKARY , SCHÜCKER LINDA 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study explored conflicting findings in the literature on the influence of perceived cognitive fatigue on physical performance by testing the effect of the Stroop task (high cognitive load) on an intermittent running test (beep test).

Methods
In a within-subjects repeated-measures experiment, 13 active athletes performed the beep test on two occasions, in a randomized, counterbalanced order. In each session, a preceding cognitive task was completed for 30 min, with the incongruent Stroop task in the high load condition, and the congruent Stroop task in the low load condition. Perceived cognitive fatigue was measured before testing (baseline) and at 10, 20, and 30 min of the cognitive load manipulation. Perceived effort on the cognitive task and general motivation for the physical task (beep test) were measured before the beep test, and motivation-related perception of the beep test and ratings of perceived exertion were measured after completion of the test. Heart rate and beep test performance (completion stage and time) were also recorded.

Results
The incongruent Stroop task was perceived as more fatiguing and effortful. Participants also withdrew from the beep test significantly earlier in the high load condition (M = 8:48 min, SD = 2:32 min) compared to the low load condition (M = 9:20 min, SD = 2:28 min), F (1,11) = 21.76, P < 0.01, ŋ
2 = 0.67. There were no differences in heart rate or general motivation between the two conditions.

Conclusions
Whereas previous research shows that active athletes can maintain performance on the beep test after 10 min of the incongruent Stroop task, this study shows that performance is impaired after 30 min. Variables in need of exploration in future investigations include experience with both the physical and cognitive task.
Taurodontism part 2: biomechanics, differential diagnosis, clinical implications and management
Authors: Hasan Muhammad 
Published: March 2019

The first article described history, aetiology, molecular signalling mechanism, epidemiology and classification of taurodontism. This final article of the two-part series focuses on the biomechanics and other clinical aspects of taurodontism.In certain disorders, especially during initial stages, the teeth can appear taurodontic and may complicate diagnosis. These conditions, along with their key features, are highlighted in this article, as are several syndromes relevant to taurodontism. In addition, the sections on imaging and clinical considerations discuss diagnostic methods and management of taurodontic teeth, respectively. Taurodontism, especially in severe forms, can be a root canal challenge. Sometimes, multiple taurodontism is seen in association with various syndromes and perhaps may assist in early diagnosis.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Taurodontism has clinical implications in various dental disciplines, such as endodontics, surgery, orthodontics and prosthodontics. However, it is most relevant to endodontists as this deviation exclusively affects the internal anatomy of teeth.
Effects of School-Home Communication With Parent-Implemented Reinforcement on Off-Task Behavior for Students With ASD
Authors: Goldman Samantha E. , Sanderson Kelli A. , Lloyd Blair P. , Barton Erin E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSchool-home communication is highly valued for parents of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other developmental disabilities. However, parents report poor communication as a common barrier to developing partnerships with schools. Using a multiple baseline design, we evaluated the effects of a school-home note intervention with parent-implemented reinforcement for decreasing off-task behavior of students with ASD at school. We also evaluated social validity (i.e., feasibility and acceptability) of the intervention and outcomes. Only two of the four participants showed clear behavior change, which precluded the demonstration of functional relations. However, all participating parents and teachers reported the school-home note and parent-implemented contingent reinforcement were highly feasible and acceptable, and indicated positive outcomes relating to improved family-school partnership and communication. Findings of this study, which meets single-case design standards and quality indicators, are discussed in terms of future research and practice.
Reviews
Authors: Coyne Kelly , Elrod James M. 
Published: March 2019

The Killing, TV Milestones, John Alberti (2017) Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 144 pp., ISBN: 978-0-81434-212-1, p/bk and ebook, $19.99
OpenTV: Innovation Beyond Hollywood and the Rise of Web Television, Aymar Jean Christian (2018) New York: New York University Press, 325 pp., ISBN: 978-1-47981-597-5, p/bk, $30.00
Mechanical and Barrier Properties of PVP-Carbon Dot Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Sjahriza Ahmad , Mas’ud Zainal Alim , Sutirah Komar 
Published: March 2019

This research reported carbon dot were synthesized form citric acid and urea through a single step microwave process and Poly Vinyl Pirrolidone (PVP) films composited by carbon dot were prepared. The effects of different composition carbon dots on mechanical strength of films and water vapour barrier were evaluated. Highest mechanical yielded composite film were analyzed their thermal stability. Average of carbon dot diameter was found 90.61 nm and polydispersity indice 0.396. Different composition carbon dot exhibit significant improvement in tensile strength and modulus. Water permeablity of films varieate with content of carbon dot. The presence of carbon dot had a negligible effect on Tg of film and show melting process.
DIÁLOGOS ENTRE A REBELDIA E A ANDROGINIA
Authors: De Almeida filho Carlito Lins , Cardoso Silva Jhonattan William 
Published: March 2019

Através deste ensaio, buscamos um diálogo interdisciplinar entre a filosofia e as ciências sociais, buscando uma conceituação destas ditas juventudes, a maneira nas quais se comportam, buscando sempre aproximação a moratória vital, justificando-se assim tais atitudes, tais como sua representação estética, com a permissividade de transitar entre os gêneros sem “ferir” a moralização na qual se encontram, seja de maneira corpórea, com cabelos compridos e modos de agir ou mesmo através de vestes e maquiagens definidos socialmente de sexo oposto, ou seja através de uma luta através da arte, utilizando a música, em evidência aqui o rock, para justificarem a identidade do grupo social, a luta entre classes, gênero e outras diversas maneiras de utilizaram desta ferramenta artística para que, através destas ações vistas como desordem moral, busquem uma autoafirmação que unifique o embate social de gênero e grupos sociais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Juventude. Rock. Androginia. Gênero.