bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunter-gatherers maintain assortativity in cooperation despite high-levels of residential change and mixing
Authors: Smith Kristopher M. , Larroucau Tomás , Mabulla Ibrahim A. , Apicella Coren L. 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYWidespread cooperation is a defining feature of human societies from hunter-gatherer bands to nation states. But explaining its evolution remains a challenge. While positive assortment – of cooperators with cooperators – is recognized as a basic requirement for the evolution of cooperation, the mechanisms governing assortment are debated. Moreover, the social structure of modern hunter-gatherers, characterized by high mobility, residential mixing and low genetic relatedness, undermine assortment and add to the puzzle of how cooperation evolved. Here, we analyze four years of data (2010, 2013, 2014, 2016) tracking residence and levels of cooperation elicited from a public goods game (PG), in Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania. Data were collected from 56 camps, comprising 383 unique individuals, 137 of whom we have data for two or more years. Despite significant residential mixing, we observe a robust pattern of assortment necessary for cooperation to evolve: In every year, Hadza camps exhibit high between-camp and low within-camp variation in cooperation. We further consider the role of homophily in generating this assortment. We find little evidence that cooperative behavior within individuals is stable over time or that similarity in cooperation between dyads predicts their future cohabitation. Both sets of findings are inconsistent with homophilic models that assume stable cooperative and selfish types. Consistent with social norms, culture and reciprocity theories, the data suggest that the strongest predictor of an individual’s level of cooperation in any given year is the mean cooperation of their campmates in that year. These findings underscore the adaptive nature of human cooperation – particularly its responsiveness to social contexts – as a feature important in generating the assortment necessary for cooperation to evolve.
Comparative analysis of droplet-based ultra-high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq systems
Authors: Zhang Xiannian , Li Tianqi , Liu Feng , Chen Yaqi , Yao Jiacheng , Li Zeyao , Huang Yanyi , Wang Jianbin 
Published: May 2018

SummarySince its establishment in 2009, single-cell RNA-seq has been a major driver behind progress in biomedical research. In developmental biology and stem cell studies, the ability to profile single cells confers particular benefits. While most studies still focus on individual tissues or organs, the recent development of ultra-high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq has demonstrated potential power in characterizing more complex systems or even the entire body. However, although multiple ultra-high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq systems have attracted attention, no systematic comparison of these systems has been performed. Here, we focus on three widely used droplet-based ultra-high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq systems, inDrop, Drop-seq, and 10X Genomics Chromium. While each system is capable of profiling single-cell transcriptomes, their detailed comparison revealed the distinguishing features and suitable applications for each system.
ngsReports: An R Package for managing FastQC reports and other NGS related log files
Authors: Ward Christopher M. , To Hein , Pederson Stephen M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMotivationHigh throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) has become exceedingly cheap facilitating studies to be undertaken containing large sample numbers. Quality control (QC) is an essential stage during analytic pipelines and can be found in the outputs of popular bioinformatics tools such as FastQC and Picard. Although these tools provide considerable power when carrying out QC, large sample numbers can make identification of systemic bias a challenge.ResultsWe present ngsReports, an R package designed for the management and visualization of NGS reports from within an R environment. The available methods allow direct import into R of FastQC output as well as that from aligners such as HISAT2, STAR and Bowtie2. Visualization can be carried out across many samples using heatmaps rendered using ggplot2 and plotly. Moreover, these can be displayed in an interactive shiny app or a HTML report. We also provide methods to assess observed GC content in an organism dependent manner for both transcriptomic and genomic datasets. Importantly, hierarchical clustering can be carried out on heatmaps with large sample sizes to quickly identify outliers and batch effects.Availability and ImplementationngsReports is available at https://github.com/UofABioinformaticsHub/ngsReports.
Misoprostol regulates Bnip3 repression and alternative splicing to control cellular calcium homeostasis during hypoxic stress
Authors: Field Jared T. , Martens Matthew D. , Mughal Wajihah , Hai Yan , Chapman Donald , Hatch Grant M. , Ivanco Tammy L. , Diehl-Jones William , Gordon Joseph W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe cellular response to hypoxia involves the activation of a conserved pathway for gene expression regulated by the transcription factor complex called hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). This pathway has been implicated in both the adaptive response to hypoxia and in several hypoxic-ischemic related pathologies. Perinatal hypoxic injury, often associated with prematurity, leads to multi-organ dysfunction resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Using a rodent model of neonatal hypoxia and several representative cell lines, we observed HIF1α activation and down-stream induction of the cell death gene Bnip3 in brain, large intestine, and heart which was mitigated by administration of the prostaglandin E1 analog misoprostol. Mechanistically, we determined that misoprostol inhibits full-length Bnip3 (Bnip3-FL) expression through PKA-mediated NF-κB (P65) nuclear retention, and the induction of pro-survival splice variants. We observed that the dominant small pro-survival variant of Bnip3 in mouse cells lacks the third exon (Bnip3ΔExon3), whereas human cells produce a pro-survival BNIP3 variant lacking exon 2 (BNIP3ΔExon2). In addition, these small Bnip3 splice variants prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, permeability transition, and necrosis triggered by Bnip3-FL by blocking calcium transfer from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria. Furthermore, misoprostol and Bnip3ΔExon3 promote nuclear calcium accumulation, resulting in HDAC5 nuclear export, NFAT activation, and adaptive changes in cell morphology and gene expression. Collectively, our data suggests that misoprostol can mitigate the potential damaging effects of hypoxia on multiple cell types by activating adaptive cell survival pathways through Bnip3 repression and alternative splicing.
A single pair of leucokinin neurons are modulated by feeding state and regulate sleep-metabolism interactions
Authors: Yurgel Maria E. , Kakad Priyanka , Zandawala Meet , Nassel Dick , Godenschwege Tanja A. , Keene Alex C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDysregulation of sleep and feeding has widespread health consequences. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence for interactions between sleep and metabolic function, little is known about the neural or molecular basis underlying the integration of these processes. Drosophila melanogaster potently suppress sleep in response to starvation, and powerful genetic tools allow for mechanistic investigation of sleep-metabolism interactions. We have previously identified neurons expressing the neuropeptide leucokinin (Lk) as being required for starvation-mediated changes in sleep. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for Lk neuropeptide in metabolic regulation of sleep. Further, we find that the activity of Lk neurons is modulated by feeding state and circulating nutrients, with reduced activity in response to glucose and increased activity under starvation conditions. Both genetic silencing and laser-mediated microablation localize Lk-mediated sleep regulation to a single pair of Lk neurons within the lateral horn (LHLK) that project near primary sleep and metabolic centers of the brain. A targeted screen identified a critical role for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in starvation-modulated changes in sleep. Disruption of AMPK function in Lk neurons suppresses sleep and increases LHLK activity in fed flies, phenocopying the starvation state. Taken together, these findings localize feeding state-dependent regulation of sleep to a single pair of neurons within the fruit fly brain and provide a system for investigating the cellular basis of sleep-metabolism interactions.
Environmental factors shape methionine metabolism in p16/MTAP deleted cells
Authors: Sanderson Sydney M. , Mikhael Peter , Dai Ziwei , Locasale Jason W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe co-deletion of a common tumor suppressor locus and neighboring metabolic gene is an attractive possible synthetic dependency of tumor suppression on metabolism. However, the general impact that these co-deletions have on metabolism, which also dependent on nutrient availability and the tissue of origin, is unknown. As a model to investigate this question, we considered a set of tissue-matched cancer cells with homozygous co-deletions in CDKN2a and MTAP, genes respectively encoding the most commonly deleted tumor suppressor p16 and an enzyme involved in methionine metabolism. A comparative metabolomics analysis revealed that while there exists a definite pan-cancer metabolic signature of MTAP-deletion, this signature was not preserved when cells were subjected to changes in the availability of methionine, serine, or cysteine, nutrients related to methionine metabolism. Notably, the heterogeneity exhibited by these cells in their responsiveness to nutrient availability dominated both MTAP status and tissue-of-origin. Furthermore, re-expression of MTAP exerted a modest effect on metabolism. Together these findings demonstrate that environmental factors, particularly nutrition and tissue identity, may overwhelm the genetic effects of collateral deletions of metabolic genes.
A Rev-CBP80-eIF4AI complex drives Gag synthesis from the HIV-1 unspliced mRNA
Authors: Toro-Ascuy Daniela , Rojas-Araya Bárbara , García-de-Gracia Francisco , Rojas-Fuentes Cecilia , Pereira-Montecinos Camila , Gaete-Argel Aracelly , Valiente-Echeverría Fernando , Ohlmann Théophile , Soto-Rifo Ricardo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGag synthesis from the full-length unspliced mRNA is critical for the production of the viral progeny during human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) replication. While most spliced mRNAs follow the canonical gene expression pathway in which the recruitment of the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) and the exon junction complex (EJC) largely stimulates the rates of nuclear export and translation, the unspliced mRNA relies on the viral protein Rev to reach the cytoplasm and recruit the host translational machinery. Here, we confirm that Rev ensures high levels of Gag synthesis by driving nuclear export and translation of the unspliced mRNA. These functions of Rev are supported by the CBC subunit CBP80, which binds Rev and the unspliced mRNA in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We also demonstrate that Rev interacts with the DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4AI, which translocates to the nucleus and cooperates with Rev to promote Gag synthesis. Interestingly, molecular docking analyses revealed the assembly of a Rev-CBP80-eIF4AI complex that is organized around the Rev response element (RRE). Together, our results provide further evidence towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which Rev drives Gag synthesis from the unspliced mRNA during HIV-1 replication.
Four decades of plant community change along a continental gradient of warming
Authors: Becker-Scarpitta Antoine , Vissault Steve , Vellend Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany studies of individual sites have revealed biotic changes consistent with climate warming (e.g., upward elevational distribution shifts), but our understanding of the tremendous variation among studies in the magnitude of such biotic changes is minimal. In this study we re-surveyed forest vegetation plots 40 years after the initial surveys in three protected areas along a west-to-east gradient of increasingly steep recent warming trends in eastern Canada (Québec). Consistent with the hypothesis that climate warming has been an important driver of vegetation change, we found an increasing magnitude of changes in species richness and composition from west to east among the three parks. For the two mountainous parks, we found no changes in elevational species’ distributions in the eastern most park where warming has been minimal (Forillon Park), and significant upward distribution shifts in the centrally located park where the recent warming trend has been marked (Mont-Mégantic). Community temperature indices (CTI), reflecting the average affinities of locally co-occurring to temperature conditions across their geographic ranges (“species temperature indices”), did not change over time as predicted. However, close examination of the underpinnings of CTI values suggested a high sensitivity to uncertainty in individual species’ temperature indices, and so a potentially limited responsiveness to warming. Overall, by testing a priori predictions concerning variation among parks in the direction and magnitude of vegetation changes, we have provided stronger evidence for a link between climate warming and biotic responses than otherwise possible, and provided a potential explanation for large variation among studies in warming-related biotic changes.
The relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and internet financial reporting in Iran
Authors: Nassir Zadeh Farzaneh , Salehi Mahdi , Shabestari Haneyeh 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the ownership of institutional shareholders, the proportion of non-executive members, the percentage of ownership of major shareholders, the duality of the tasks of chief executive officer and chairman of the board of director, financial leverage, the amount of the remuneration of the board of director, the company’s life and the amount of export on internet financial reporting.

Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, the authors surveyed the 301 listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange in 2015. The statistical method used to test the hypothesis of the study was cross-sectional data.

Findings
The results indicate the negative impact of ratio of non-executive members and the positive impact of financial leverage, size, liquidity and the life of the company in stock, over internet financial reporting.

Originality/value
The current study is almost the first study which is conducted in a developing country, and the results may helpful to the other developing nations.
Evaluating the effect of motivational dimensions on the construction project managers in Jordan
Authors: Shurrab Mohammed , Abbasi Ghaleb , Al Khazaleh Razan 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Construction organizations and companies are concerned with the motivational factors of the project managers that influence the project success. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use a questionnaire based on five Likert-scales to identify and investigate the importance of the motivational dimensions on the construction project managers in Jordan

Design/methodology/approach
Therefore, this study aims at using a questionnaire based on five Likert-scales to identify and investigate the importance of the motivational dimensions on the construction project managers in Jordan. The six motivational dimensions were interpersonal interaction, task, general working conditions, empowerment, personal development, and compensation. Hypotheses testing were also developed to study the influence of both the characteristics of the project manager and the characteristic of the project on the motivational dimensions.

Findings
The results showed that the construction project managers in Jordan were motivated more by compensation and personal development. Moreover, the level of education for the project manager was positively related to the motivation by task. It was also noticed that the project manager, who had higher experience, was motivated more by empowerment. The study is valuable in providing important information for the construction organizations in Jordan to actively influence the construction project managers’ motivation.

Originality/value
The urgent needs for increasing project managers’ motivation is the major concern for organizations and companies. Increasing the project managers’ motivation has a major influence on increasing the project success rate and productivity. Construction sector is typically country’s most important asset economically and socially. Currently, no studies were shown to investigate the construction project manager’s motivation in Jordan. This study is, therefore, aims to evaluate the factors that influence the construction project manager’s motivation in Jordan based on content and process motivational theories’ perspectives. This research also utilizes the motivational factors instrument to test its validity in Jordan construction sector.
Let’s change tack, not wind direction: a response to Kog and Yaman (2016)
Authors: Holt Gary D. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to field a critical response to Kog and Yaman (2016) specifically; and more widely, to strengthen debate on contractor selection (CS) research.

Design/methodology/approach
Critical narrative and opinion based on personal worldview, experiential knowledge and future insight/vision.

Findings
It is argued that enduring CS research has become somewhat stagnated. It has over-emphasised selection process models vis-à-vis the reliability and currency of their processing components, and has inadequately focused on achieving real-life impact.

Research limitations/implications
The principal implication is to engender constructive debate in the field and encourage a change of direction in CS research. The limitation is that this response reflects a personal view and so will be open to “challenge”.

Practical implications
Potential to encourage increased practicability, accessibility and generalisability of CS research products, leading to their increased real-life take-up and improved impact on practice.

Social implications
For society, the optimal implications would be improved project outcomes; healthier stakeholders’ financial interests; and an enhanced constructed environment.

Originality/value
The content is entirely original insofar as it comprises a personal viewpoint.
Lonmin Plc: mining and responsible investment – dangerous liaisons?
Authors: Giamporcaro Stephanie , Putter Marilize 
Published: May 2018

Subject area
The case presents a responsible investment dilemma case. Swedish institutional responsible investors have to make a choice about their investment in Lonmin, a platinum mining company whose operation are located in South Africa and has been the theatre of workers’ killings.

Study level/applicability
The case targets MBA students and can be taught in a corporate finance course, a corporate governance course, a business ethics course or on sustainable and responsible investment.

Case overview
The teaching case follows the journey of Hilde Svensson, the head of equities for a Swedish responsible investor. She has been tasked to visit the site of Lonmin in South Africa which is the theatre of a tragic workers’ unrest that led to the killings of 44 workers in August 2012. She must decide what the best responsible investment strategy is to adopt with Lonmin for the future.

Expected learning outcomes
The students are expected to learn about what responsible investment entails and the dilemmas that can be faced by responsible investors. The case also gives insight to business students and the complexities of environment, social and governance (ESG) analysis and how to integrate financial and ESG analysis when you are a responsible investor.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CCS 1: Accounting and Finance
Using sociocultural insights to enhance work-integrated learning
Authors: Fleming Jenny , Haigh Neil J. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
When learning in the workplace is conceptualised as a social process, different social or cultural features of workplaces may enable or constrain students’ learning. The purpose of this paper is to understand the views of students, workplace supervisors and university academics concerning sociocultural features that influenced work-integrated learning (WIL) experiences.

Design/methodology/approach
An interpretive case-study methodology, incorporating questionnaires and semi-structured interviews was used to determine the views of stakeholders involved in WIL experiences in a sport undergraduate degree.

Findings
Students’ learning was enhanced when they participated in authentic activities, worked alongside colleagues and could assume increasing responsibility for roles they were given. Social experiences, interactions and activities provided them with opportunities to access individual, shared and tacit knowledge, to learn about language, processes and protocols for interacting and communicating with others, and to become aware of the culture of the workplace. When students successfully acquired this knowledge they were able to “take-on” the accepted characteristics and practices of the workplace community – an outcome that further enhanced their learning.

Practical implications
Students need to understand the social and cultural dimensions of how the work community practices before they begin WIL experiences. Practical ways of addressing this are suggested.

Originality/value
This paper conceptualises WIL as learning through the “practice of work communities” whereby through the activities of the community students can access knowledge in a way that may differ from what they are familiar with from their experiences within the university environment.
Empirical investigation on the predictors of career satisfaction
Authors: Park Yongho 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find the effects of boundaryless career, organizational commitment, and external support seeking on career satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 271 South Korean financial company employees through the survey method. Descriptive analysis was conducted, followed by the correlation and multiple regression analyses.FindingsThe study results showed that organizational mobility preference has a negative effect on career satisfaction. The results also showed that boundaryless mindset and external support seeking have positive effects on career satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThis study showed theoretically that an individual’s specific career related behaviors and attitudes have a positive influence on career satisfaction.Practical implicationsPractically, this study results showed some suggestion for enhancing the employee’s career satisfaction by constructing a career support system.Originality/valueThis paper provides a better understanding of the influences of boundaryless career, organizational commitment, and external support seeking on career satisfaction with an HRD perspective.