bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Model of Recurrent Corneal Erosion
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Churashov S. V. , Gavrilyuk I. O. , Tarabrina V. A. , Platonov N. I. , Muravyeva O. A. , Troianovskiy R. L. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction. In a number of pathological conditions accompanied by the basement membrane defects, such as chemical or thermal burns, mechanical trauma, Sjögren’s syndrome, neurotrophic keratopathy or some corneal dystrophies, in which conditions are created independent epithelialization is weakened or becomes impossible. This condition was named recurrent corneal erosion (RCE). For the experimental study of the regenerative processes and evaluation of the effectiveness of new treatments, a standardized and reproducible RCE model is needed. Several RCE models are known: chemical, bacterial. The disadvantages of such models are the labour intensity of their implementation and a relatively high cost. The proposed method makes it possible to create the necessary conditions for local inflammation and destruction of adhesive molecules using the energy of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In this study, an experimental RCE model in rabbits has been proposed.Purpose. To create a reproducible standardized experimental model of recurrent corneal erosion.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in 8 chinchilla rabbits (16 eyes). After local instillation (0.5 % alkaine solution) and retrobulbar anesthesia (2 % lidocaine solution), superficial deepithelialization of the cornea was performed by mechanical removal of its epithelium with a blunt scraper; and the quality of deepithelialization was assessed by staining the surface with 2 % fluorescein solution. In the optical zone with a diameter of 4 mm, local UV irradiation of the cornea was performed with exposures of 30 and 45 minutes.Results. In case of 30-minute exposures, the epithelialization of the cornea subjected only to mechanical deepithelialization was observed since Day 3 in the form of concentric epithelial growth. On Day 14, a complete epithelialization of the cornea was observed, along with the formation of superficial newly formed vessels along the limbus. On Day 24, the vascular injection significantly decreased; and no erosion was observed. After 45-minute exposure without treatment, the regeneration occurred much slower; and a complete epithelialization had been achieved by Day 34 of the experiment, by the time the newly formed vessels grew to the epithelial defect zone. It was noted that since Day 86, the turbidity in the irradiation area persisted, as well as the inflammatory infiltrate.Conclusions. The proposed method makes it possible to reproduce RCE, in which there is an alternation of epithelialization and deepithelialization of the irradiated corneal area through 30 days of the experiment and is arrested only after the ingrowth of surface vessels into the affected area. At that, the non-irradiated cornea is epithelialized by Day 7 of the experiment.
New Possibilities of Tear Replacement Therapy in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome of Various Origins
Authors: Brzheskiy V. V. , Golubev S. Yu. , Brzheskaya I. V. , Popov V. Yu. 
Published: June 2019

The artificial tears on the basis hyaluronic acid is primary importance today in dry eye syndrome (DES) treatment. In recent years, they have been supplemented Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) differing concentrations of sodium hyaluronate and viscosity. The study is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of these drugs in the treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome (DES) of various etiology and severities.There were 73 volunteers with DES of various etiology: 21 — Sjogren’s syndrome, 24 — meibomian blepharitis, and 28 — perimenopause in the study. All patients were divided into 2 groups: 36 patients of the first group received instillations into conjunctival cavity of the Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and 37 patients of the second group — Optinol® Deep moistening (0.4 %).Starting from the first days of therapy, all patients had a decrease in the severity of subjective signs of DES, estimated by the value of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). At the same time, tendency to stop of the degenerative changes in the epithelium of the ocular surface was established. It is characterized by a decrease in the degree of staining. The increasement of the tear film stability and an index of the tear meniscus was found in all patients. The dynamics of the controlled parameters increased, as the instillation of the drugs took place and by the 30th day of therapy. There were significant differences from the baseline values. At the same time, the Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) was more effective (mainly in terms of subjective discomfort and the severity of degenerative changes in the epithelium of the ocular surface) in patients with mild and extremely severe form of the xerosis process.The drug Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) was more effective in patients with xerosis of moderate severity and severe by the same parameters. In the course of research, we have not observed any side effects of both drugs. It allows us to recommend the drugs Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) to widespread clinical use in treating patients with DES of various etiology.
Features of Diagnostics and Complex Approach to Therapy of Herpetic Keratitis
Authors: Kleshcheva E. A. , Kochergin S. A. , Slonimskiy Yu. B. 
Published: June 2019

Objective. To determine the characteristics of drug therapy in patients with herpetic keratitis (HK), based on laboratory diagnosis.Material and methods. 49 patients with clinical symptoms of HK were included in the study. The conjunctival cells were used as a material for laboratory diagnosis of adenovirus and enterovirus infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for microbiological examination. Herpesvirus DNA in tears, saliva, urine and blood was determined using PCR (for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and human herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7)) and real-time PCR (for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1,2), Epstein-Barr virus (VEB), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6). Tear and urine were examined for the presence of DNA of obligate intracellular parasites (chlamydia, ureaplasma, and mycoplasma) by PCR.Results. Сlinical picture of HK was presented by superficial (57.1 %, n = 28) and deep forms of corneal inflammation (42.9 %, n = 21). The results of laboratory diagnostics of herpetic infection had showed replication of herpesviruses in all examined patients. Genetic material of herpesviruses in lacrimal fluid was found in half of the examined patients (51 %), in saliva — in 67,3 % of cases. Viruria was observed in 21 patients (42.9 %), viraemia in 6 (12.2 %). DNA of intracellular parasites in lacrimal fluid was detected in 18.4 % of patients and in urine — in 12.2 % of patients. Bacteriological sowing of the conjunctiva scrape was positive in 75.5 % of cases.Conclusion. Instrumental diagnostics (visometry, biomicroscopy) of HK should be supplemented with laboratory research of activity of not only herpesvirus infection, but also bacterial pathogens. Positive results of microbiological sowing of conjunctival scrapers allow to approach reasonably the prescription of antimicrobial drugs in patients with HK.
The Use of Nutraceuticals in Patients with “Dry” Form of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on the Background of Accelerated Aging
Authors: Korotkih S. A. , Zhiborkin G. V. , Knyazeva E. S. , Rusakova L. V. 
Published: June 2019

The lutein-containing vitamin-mineral complex Retinorm, developed on the basis of the formula AREDS 2, with an optimal content of vitamins and minerals involved in antioxidant protection, is a potentially promising ophthalmic geroprotector.Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin-mineral complex “Retinorm” in patients with the dry form of AMD and accelerated pace of aging.Patients and Methods. The study involved 40 patients with a dry form of AMD (stage 2.3 according to AREDS classification) with an accelerated rate of aging (biological age of patients was measured by the method of Tokar, 1990). Gender distribution: men — 15 (37.5 %), women — 25 (62.5 %). The mean age of patients was 67.3 ± 6.8 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients of the study group (n = 20) were assigned “Retinorm” 1 capsule 3 times a day for 16 weeks. Patients of the control group (n = 20) were treated with “Lutein Forte” 1 capsule 2 times a day for 16 weeks. Visometry, perimetry, optical coherence tomography of the macular zone, measurement of biological age at the beginning of the study, at 2 and 4 months of the study, the tolerability of treatment in patients with a dry form of age — related macular degeneration on the background of taking dietary supplements-vitamin and mineral complexes with lutein and zeaxanthin.Results and discussion. As a result of treatment, there were the positive dynamics in terms of visometry and perimetry in the main and control groups. There were no negative dynamics of the indicators of thickness of the retina (in the area of the fovea), and increased macular volume in the main group. In the control group there was a weak tendency to the growth of these indicators. We found a significant positive effect of Retinol on the biological age of patients to 4 months of therapy. It allows to consider the drug as a promising ophthalmoscopy an agent. The results of the study showed the effectiveness of the inclusion of “Retinorm” in patients with the dry form of AMD. The proven geroprotective effect of “Retinorm” with good tolerability of treatment and the absence of side effects from all organ systems with a long term of administration allows us to recommend it for wide use in patients with a dry form of age-related macular degeneration, including patients with an accelerated rate of aging.
Unmet need in family planning at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital of Ghana
Authors: Azize Diallo Abdoul , Evans Ekanem , Frederick Agyare-Gyan 
Published: June 2019

Background: Knowing the prevalence of unintended pregnancy, unmet need in family planning and the associated factors in cape coast, is important for ensuring that all women have access to the most effective methods of family planning in order to reduce the occurrence of unintended pregnancies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancies, unmet need in family planning and the associated factors among women attending antenatal clinics at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Republic of Ghana.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical components was carried out from 20th April 2015 to 20th June 2015 to simultaneously measure the prevalence of unmet need for family planning and related factors. All clients reporting for ANC at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital during the study period were recruited into the study.Results: A total of 324 clients were recruited. The mean age was 29.98±5.86 years, 85.80% were married, 46.58% had tertiary education and 79.94% had a source of income. Up to 54.94% of the clients had not planned their index pregnancy. Among subjects who had not planned their index pregnancies, 74.71% had not used a family planning method. There is a significant association between age, educational level, the presence of a source of income, marital status and the occurrence of unplanned pregnancy.Conclusions: There were high prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and unmet need for family planning. There is a significant association between age, educational level, the presence of a source of income, marital status and the occurrence of unplanned pregnancy.
Women’s perception on rights during pregnancy and childbirth
Authors: F. Ibitoye O. , M. Adamolekun M. , A. Adamolekun P. , T. Amuwa 
Published: June 2019

Background: The Nigerian health system as a whole has been plagued by problems associated with the quality of service, including but not limited to unfriendly staff attitudes to patients, inadequate skills, decaying infrastructures, and chronic shortages of essential drugs. Approximately two-thirds of all Nigerian women deliver outside of health facilities and without the presence of medically skilled attendants. The study was carried out to assess the awareness and knowledge of women regarding their rights during pregnancy and childbirth, and to explore the extent to which women’s rights were respected during pregnancy and childbirth.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among randomly selected 140 women at Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. Data was collected with a pretested questionnaire and was analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: Findings revealed that majority (76.9%) of the women had a fair knowledge of their rights in pregnancy and childbirth, with the source of knowledge majorly from their friends. Right to information, informed consent and refusal, even distribution of healthcare services, maintenance of attainable level of health regarding proper monitoring were fairly observed by the health care providers. Right of women against verbal and physical abuse, privacy, treatment with dignity and respect were least accorded to women.Conclusions: Respective Maternity Care remains a challenge that demands policy interventions in most public health facilities to enhance positive endorsement and utilisation of maternal and health care services.
Study of knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding in antenatal mothers at Chamarajanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chamarajanagar, India
Authors: Ramachandra Pradeep Musale , Hiremath Nayana Davanagere 
Published: June 2019

Background: exclusive breast feeding practice is major pillar in preventing infant mortality. This study was undertaken to know the knowledge and attitude of antenatal mothers towards breast feeding.Methods: this is a cross sectional study in our hospital in which 264 antenatal mothers were included after verbal consent. Antenatal mothers were explained about the study, their knowledge and attitude regarding breast feeding is assessed by questionnaire. Study will be analysed by appropriate statistical analysis.Results: In total of 264 antenatal mothers, most of them were between 20-25 years, majority in third trimester. Among them 68.2% knows breast feeding should be initiated within first hour of delivery, 90.2% is for no prelacteal feeds and 95.8% wants to feed colostrum. Only 42.4% wants to continue breastfeeding for two years. About 62.9% of antenatal mothers wants to supplement the child with food after six months.81.8% knows breast feeding is not only helpful to the baby but also it prevents breast cancer in mother later in life. 21.2% wants to feed complimentary feeds as early as 3 months.Conclusions: our study on knowledge of breast feeding among antenatal mothers shown most of them are against prelacteal feeds and wants to feed colostrums, but initiation of breast feeding within first hour of birth and weaning after six months and continuation of breast milk up to two years is lagging. Multiple educational sessions, visual aids, pamphlets, electronic media, counseling during antenatal period and in early post natal period is necessary to inculcate appropriate knowledge on breast feeding.
Prevalence and cause of gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center in Kolar district: a population based study
Authors: Tummala Poojita , M. Munikrishna , P. Kiranmayee 
Published: June 2019

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance at the onset of pregnancy which induces pathological short term or long term outcomes for both mother and baby. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women who were attending the antenatal care (ANC) center at a tertiary care hospital in Kolar, Karnataka, India.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, a constituent of Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The duration of the study was two months. In this study, 108 pregnant women above 24 weeks of gestation were screened for GDM by oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting 2 milli liter blood was collected and were given 75 grams of glucose in 200 milli liters of water and asked to drink within 5 minutes. Again 2 milli liters venous blood was collected after 1 hour and 2 hours from all participants. Plasma sample was used for the estimation of glucose by glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method.Results: Out of 108, 12 women (11.1%) were diagnosed with GDM. The prevalence rate was higher in the age group of 26-30 years (41.6%). Among 12 diabetic women, five (47.2%) exercised regularly and seven (58.3%) did not doing exercise. Out of 12 GDM subjects, eight of them had family history of diabetes in first degree relatives; among which one was hypertensive and five were suffering from thyroid problems.Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of GDM was found to be 11.1%. Prevalence of GDM might be influenced by increasing age, pre pregnancy weight, family history of diabetes, past history of pregnancy complications, status of literacy and exercise.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of group B streptococcal isolates from maternal genital tract
Authors: Sharmila Vijayan , Babu Thirunavukkarasu Arun 
Published: June 2019

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the important cause of early onset neonatal sepsis in developed countries leading to increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Penicillin and Ampicillin are the drugs of choice for prevention of GBS infections. Antibiotic resistance amongst GBS isolates is an emerging health problem affecting neonates. Hence, this study was performed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in a population of pregnant women.Methods: A prospective study was done to screen pregnant women for vaginal and rectal GBS colonization during their regular visits to antenatal clinic. Todd-Hewitt broth, an enrichment medium for GBS was used for isolation. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates were studied. Results: A total of 300 pregnant women were screened for GBS colonization. GBS colonization rate in our study was 2.3%. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates revealed that none of the isolates were resistant to penicillin or clindamycin, while resistance was noted to erythromycin (14.3%) and tetracycline (71.4%).Conclusions: GBS continues to remain sensitive to Penicillin which is the drug of choice for prevention and treatment of GBS. Consistent surveillance of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of GBS as well as for other organisms implicated in new born sepsis and maternal infections is required to formulate guidelines for prevention and treatment.
A prospective study of the incidence and outcomes of eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital and teaching institute in India
Authors: Gandhi Garima , Chandnani Kavita 
Published: June 2019

Background: Eclampsia is a common cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in India and the rest of the world accounting for nearly 10% of all maternal deaths. However, there is a relative scarcity of outcome data for patients with eclampsia in India. Our goal was to estimate the incidence of eclampsia, the maternal and foetal outcomes of patients presenting with eclampsia, and predictors of clinical outcomes in these patients. Objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of eclampsia in patients who delivered at a single tertiary care institution over a 2-year period and to study the maternal and perinatal outcomes in those patients.Methods: Prospective cohort study conducted from September 2008 to August 2010 on all patients with eclampsia admitted during the study period at Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.Results: The incidence of eclampsia among total deliveries was 0.45%. About 97% of these patients received parenteral magnesium sulphate as the primary anticonvulsant therapy. Caesarean section was performed in 22.7% and majorities were done for foetal distress. Maternal complications were encountered among 17% of patients. There were 2 maternal deaths (2.3%), 13 stillbirths (14.1%) and 7 early neonatal deaths (7.9%).Conclusions: The incidence of eclampsia among all deliveries over a 2-year period at a tertiary care centre in India was 0.45%. Parenteral magnesium sulphate was effective in the vast majority of these patients in controlling the seizures. Further studies to evaluate whether early registration for antepartum care improves maternal and foetal outcomes in patients with eclampsia are warranted.
A study of rate, indications and maternal morbidity associated with cesarean delivery in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Nigar Asma , Ahmad Ausaf , Khan Khashia 
Published: June 2019

Background: Cesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in obstetrics worldwide. Over the last three decades, a tremendous increase in cesarean section rates has been observed globally, which is a cause for concern as procedure is associated with higher morbidity and mortality compared to vaginal delivery. This study was done to analyze the rate and indications for cesarean section and associated maternal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months from 1st October 2017 to 31st March 2018 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow, India. Data of patients who were admitted for delivery in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in OPD or emergency were recorded. Statistical analysis of various parameters namely, the cesarean section rates, its indications, the patient’s morbidity and mortality was done.Results: The total numbers of women delivered over the study period were 577, out of which 210 patients underwent cesarean sections. The overall cesarean section rate in our study was 36.39%. Previous cesarean section was the leading indication of cesarean section (31.9%) followed by arrest of labor (18.1%), CPD (14.2%), and fetal distress (12.9%). Breech presentation (5.2%), failed induction of labor (4.8%), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) (3.8%), oligohydramnios (3.3%), obstructed labor (2.4%), APH (1.4%), multiple pregnancy and BOH accounted for 0.95% of cesarean sections. 9% patients had few complications mainly minor wound infection (2.4%) and postpartum hemorrhage (2%). There was no mortality during this period.Conclusions: Previous cesarean section has been found to be the main indication for cesarean section. So primary cesarean section should be reduced to decrease the overall cesarean rates. A comprehensive, evidence based approach needs to be introduced to monitor indication of all cesarean section.