bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic Epidural Hematoma after Elective Posterior Lumbar Decompression: Incidence, Timing, Risk Factors, and Associated Complications
Authors: Knusel Konrad , Du Jerry Y. , Ren Bryan , Kim Chang-Yeon , Ahn Uri M. , Ahn Nicholas U. 
Published: July 2019

Background Symptomatic post-operative lumbar epidural hematoma (PLEH) is a complication of lumbar spine surgery that can cause permanent neurologic consequences through compression of the cauda equina and nerve roots. Questions/Purposes We sought to investigate the incidence, timing, and risk factors for symptomatic epidural hematomas following posterior lumbar decompression, as well as to identify additional post-operative complications associated with symptomatic lumbar epidural hematomas. Methods Elective lumbar spine procedures were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database between 2012 and 2016. Analyzed predictors of reoperation or readmission within 30 days for symptomatic PLEH included demographics, comorbidities, pre-operative laboratory values, peri-operative characteristics, and post-operative complications. Results There were 75,878 cases included in the analysis. The incidence rate of symptomatic PLEH was 0.27% ( n = 206), 54.4% ( n = 112) of which occurred within 5 days of the procedure. Increased age, obesity (body mass index of 35 or higher), peri-operative transfusion, multilevel surgery (two or more levels), dural tear repair, and microscope use were independently associated with PLEH. Post-operative complications associated with PLEH included surgical site infection and urinary tract infection. Conclusions Readmission or reoperation for symptomatic PLEH following elective lumbar spine surgery is rare and can occur many days or weeks after a procedure. There are modifiable risk factors for PLEH and associated additional post-operative complications that physicians should be suspicious of following posterior lumbar decompression.
Fraying Families: Demographic Divergence in the Parental Safety Net
Authors: Sohn Heeju 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Parents are increasingly supporting their children well into adulthood and often serve as a safety net during periods of economic and marital instability. Improving life expectancies and health allows parents to provide for their children longer, but greater union dissolution among parents can weaken the safety net they can create for their adult children. Greater mortality, nonmarital childbearing, and divorce among families with lower socioeconomic status may be reinforcing inequalities across generations. This article examines two cohorts aged 25–49 from the 1988 (n = 7,246) and 2013 (n = 7,014) Panel Study of Income Dynamics Roster and Transfers Files. In 1988, adults with a college degree had two surviving parents living together for 1.8 years longer than nongraduates. This disparity increased to 6.8 years in 2013. This five-year increase in disparity was driven predominantly by higher rates of union dissolution among parents of adults with less education. Growing differences in paternal mortality also contributed to the rise in inequality.
MINIMIZING THE PROBABILITY OF LIFETIME RUIN: TWO RISKLESS ASSETS WITH TRANSACTION COSTS
Authors: Liang Xiaoqing , Young Virginia R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe compute the optimal investment strategy for an individual who wishes to minimize her probability of lifetime ruin. The financial market in which she invests consists of two riskless assets. One riskless asset is a money market, and she consumes from that account. The other riskless asset is a bond that earns a higher interest rate than the money market, but buying and selling bonds are subject to proportional transaction costs. We consider the following three cases. (1) The individual is allowed to borrow from both riskless assets; ruin occurs if total imputed wealth reaches zero. Under the optimal strategy, the individual does not sell short the bond. However, she might wish to borrow from the money market to fund her consumption. Thus, in the next two cases, we seek to limit borrowing from that account. (2) We assume that the individual pays a higher rate to borrow than she earns on the money market. (3) The individual is not allowed to borrow from either asset; ruin occurs if both the money market and bond accounts reach zero wealth. We prove that the borrowing rate in case (2) acts as a parameter connecting the two seemingly unrelated cases (1) and (3).
Revolution or 30-year fad? A role for I-O psychology in Lean management
Authors: Balzer William K. , Brodke Michelle H. , Kluse Christopher , Zickar Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLean management and related ideas have had a significant impact on organizations throughout North America and the world. Despite its popularity and impact, I-O psychologists have largely neglected Lean as a research topic and few I-O psychologists engage in applied practice in the area. In this focal article, we provide a working definition of Lean and present examples of Lean’s influence. Next, we outline possible reasons to explain I-O psychologists’ indifference to Lean. Finally, we provide some topic areas that I-O psychologists can use to contribute to the Lean literature. By using I-O psychologists’ skill in measurement and evaluation, along with our considerable organizational theory, we believe that I-O psychology can improve Lean and broaden their impact. We hope this focal article will inspire I-O psychologists to reconsider a research and practice area that they have previously ignored. In addition, we hope that this article causes I-O psychologists to reflect on their role to play in addressing popular management trends.
MEDICAL REFERRAL FOR ABORTION AND FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE IN AUSTRALIAN LAW
Authors: Howe Joanne , Le Mire Suzanne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines legislative changes related to abortion regulation in Australia that create obligations of medical referral on practitioners who have a conscientious objection to abortion. Despite a significant Australian history of accepting secularized conscience claims, particularly in the field of military conscription, the limitation of conscience claims about abortion can be traced to a failure to appreciate the significant secular arguments that can be made to support such claims. We draw on arguments of plurality and pragmatism as capable of providing a firm foundation for legislative protections of freedom of conscience in the case of medical referral for abortion. These justifications are not dependent on religious grounds, and therefore they have the potential to be relevant and persuasive in a secular society such as Australia. Acceptance of a pluralistic argument in favor of freedom of conscience is a powerful commitment to the creation of a society that values human autonomy and a diversity of opinion. It sits comfortably with the democratic values that are enshrined in the Australian political system and institutions. It avoids the potential damage to the individual that may be wrought when conscience is overridden by state compulsion.
Stable Isotope Dietary Analysis on Human Remains: A case Study at Khirbet Aqabet Al Qadi Burial Chamber, Nablus, Palestine
Authors: Alsaud Loay Abu , Shawamra Awni , Qobbaj Amer , Yasin Jehad , Al-Khateeb Mohammad , Issa Abdul Khaliq , Peraza Alfonso Fanjul , de Dios Verónica Pérez 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn 2016, a burial chamber hewn into limestone was discovered at Khirbet Aqabet Al Qadi on the northwestern slope of Mount Ebal, 2km north of the city center of Nablus. The floor of the chamber is 3.15 × 2.9 m and the height averages 1.8 m. A movable closure at the entrance consists of a limestone slab. The burial chamber houses four sarcophagi. The aim of this case study is to give information not only on the burial chamber but also, for the first time in the region, on human remains. Stable isotope analysis of a human bone sample enabled us to obtain dietary information on one individual. Due to low collagen content, the sample did not allow precise dating but it can be placed between 50 BC and 50 AD. Systematic illegal excavation and looting at funerary sites in the Nablus area has caused material for potential information to be missing at the site. Nonetheless, the dietary information obtained supports other material finds indicating Mediterranean agricultural use of the land. Our evidence demonstrates that the site dates to between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD.
Polygenic and environmental influences on the course of African Americans’ alcohol use from early adolescence through young adulthood
Authors: Rabinowitz Jill A. , Musci Rashelle J. , Reboussin Beth , Milam Adam J. , Benke Kelly S. , Uhl George R. , Sisto Danielle Y. , Ialongo Nicholas S. , Maher Brion S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study examined (a) whether alcohol use subgroups could be identified among African Americans assessed from adolescence through early adulthood, and (b) whether subgroup membership was associated with the interaction between internalizing symptoms and antisocial behavior polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and environmental characteristics (i.e., parental monitoring, community disadvantage). Participants (N = 436) were initially recruited for an elementary school-based prevention trial in a Mid-Atlantic city. Youths reported on the frequency of their past year alcohol use from ages 14–26. DNA was obtained from participants at age 21. Internalizing symptoms and antisocial behavior PRSs were created based on a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted by Benke et al. (2014) and Tielbeek et al. (2017), respectively. Parental monitoring and community disadvantage were assessed at age 12. Four classes of past year alcohol use were identified: (a) early-onset, increasing; (b) late-onset, moderate use; (c) low steady; and (d) early-onset, decreasing. In high community disadvantaged settings, participants with a higher internalizing symptoms PRS were more likely to be in the early-onset, decreasing class than the low steady class. When exposed to elevated community disadvantage, participants with a higher antisocial behavior PRS were more likely to be in the early-onset, increasing class than the early-onset, decreasing and late-onset, moderate use classes.
Policy proposals for a new welfare: the development of the family and community nurse in Italy as the key to promote social capital and social innovation
Authors: Marcadelli Silvia , Stievano Alessandro , Rocco Gennaro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim:
To discuss the development of the family and community health nurse (FCHN) in Italy by focusing on three levels: organisational, political and theoretical.

Background:
The role of the FCHN in Italy is not yet embedded evenly across the Italian National Health System (INHS) and does not have formal recognition, either contractually or organisationally. Although complementary post-basic training has been available for over a decade, the FCHN’s role in Italy currently exists only in pilot form. In some regions, the FCHN has operated for longer, thanks to which a clearer understanding of the functions and responsibilities required by the FCHN has emerged. Proposals for professional and social policies have emerged, as the FCHN’s role may be an answer to health problems and a contributor to the construction of social capital, capable of influencing both individual and collective well-being.

Methods:
A mixed method investigation via a parallel concurrent design to identify the organisational models for the FCHN was conducted across Italy. In this paper, two profiles are discussed – family and community health nursing and FCHN – but each with its different connotations. The former refers to the practice of nursing and the latter to the nursing practitioners working with family and the community.

Conclusion:
We describe the expected future outcomes for FCHNs as elements of social innovation for the development of a new welfare system.
Perceptions of colorectal cancer screening in the Arab American community: a pilot study
Authors: Alsayid Muhammad , Tlimat Nour Mazen , Spigner Clarence , Dimaano Christian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Multiple factors such as socioeconomic status (SES), education, race, and ethnicity can affect colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) rates. However, few studies have addressed CRCS disparities among Arab Americans. Our aim was to understand how Arab Americans view CRCS.

Method:
Employing thematic analysis, we collected and analyzed the dialogue of Arab American focus groups and interviews to better understand participants’ perceptions of CRCS. Themes were generated and categorized into barriers and facilitators.

Results:
Eleven Arab American males participated in two focus groups and two interviews. Three barriers included disbelief in modern medicine, concerns about the procedure, and lack of communication with the physician. Three facilitators were also identified: compliance and priority of health, access to healthcare, and awareness.

Conclusion:
Disparities in CRCS cannot solely be explained by SES and access but cultural differences also contribute. Specific interventions accounting for these cultural differences are needed to reduce disparities in CRCS among Arab Americans.
Development of primary care assessment tool–adult version in Tibet: implication for low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Haggerty Jeannie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim:
To conduct advanced psychometric analysis of Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) in Tibet and identify avenues for metric performance improvement.

Background:
Measuring progress toward high-performing primary health care can contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals. The adult version of PCAT is an instrument for measuring patient experience, with key elements of primary care. It has been extensively used and validated internationally. However, only little information is available regarding its psychometric properties obtained based on advanced analysis.

Methods:
We used data collected from 1386 primary care users in two prefectures in Tibet. First, iterative confirmatory factor analysis examined the fit of the primary care construct in the original tool. Then item response theory analysis evaluated how well the questions and individual response options perform at different levels of patient experience. Finally, multiple logistic regression modeling examined the predicative validity of primary care domains against patient satisfaction.

Findings:
A best final structure for the PCAT-Tibetan includes 7 domains and 27 items. Confirmatory factor analysis suggests good fit for a unidimensional model for items within each domain but doesn’t support a unidimensional model for the entire instrument with all domains. Non-parametric and parametric item response theory analysis models show that for most items, the favorable response option (4 = definitely) is overwhelmingly endorsed, the discriminability parameter is over 1, and the difficulty parameters are all negative, suggesting that the items are most sensitive and specific for patients with poor primary care experience. Ongoing care is the strongest predictor of patient satisfaction. These findings suggest the need for some principles in adapting the tool to different health system contexts, more items measuring excellent primary care experience, and update of the four-point response options.
A theater production to promote a smoke-free life to secondary students
Authors: Loke Alice Yuen , Mak Yim-wah , Wu Cynthia ST , Wong Yuen-ting 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Peer-led school-based anti-smoking programs have been shown to affect the smoking behaviors of students. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a school-based peer-led live theater production advocating a smoke-free life.

Methods:
This is a cross-section design study. Students from the drama club were recruited as School Health Ambassadors (SHAs). The SHAs were to involve in a theater production in advocating a smoke-free life, and were provided a health education workshop from the project team on facts relating to smoking and smoke-free life. All the students in the school were to watch the theater production as school peer audience members (SPAs). Comparison will be made between the two groups of students in their attitude and decision towards living a smoke-free life after being involved in the theater production or in watching the drama.

Results:
A total of 409 students, 21 SHAs, and 388 SPAs were included in the project. Both the SHAs and the SPAs reported confidently about their ability to resist offers or temptation to smoke, and were determined to live a smoke-free life and refrain from smoking the first cigarette.

Conclusions:
A peer-led theater production advocating a smoke-free life shows some effects on students’ attitude and decision to resist offers and the temptation to smoke, and to come to the decision to live a smoke-free life and refrain from smoking the first cigarette.
Healthcare providers’ perspectives of providing primary healthcare services to persons with physical disabilities in rural Ghana
Authors: Dassah Ebenezer , Aldersey Heather M. , McColl Mary Ann , Davison Colleen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
A growing body of evidence has shown that persons with physical disabilities experience substantial barriers in accessing primary healthcare (PHC) services in rural areas. Negative attitudes from healthcare providers and inaccessible healthcare facilities and equipment are common experiences that negatively affect access to quality healthcare for persons with physical disabilities. However, there is limited research that explores this issue from the perspectives of healthcare providers. This qualitative study explores the perspectives of healthcare providers in delivering PHC services to persons with physical disabilities in rural Ghana. Understanding healthcare providers’ perspectives could help leverage previous findings from clients’ experiences to more fully inform the development of specific and actionable research and interventions to improve healthcare delivery for disabled people.

Methods:
We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 healthcare providers and used thematic analysis to analyze the data.

Results:
Participants reported their perspectives in three major themes: challenges in providing healthcare (eg, limited availability of drugs and medical equipment, limited healthcare providers, financial constraints, and inaccessible facilities and equipment); strategies in navigating the challenges (eg, improvising techniques and employing professional values, referring clients, and providing financial assistance to clients); and positive experience in providing healthcare (eg, feeling rewarded and appreciated).

Conclusion:
The findings reinforce the need to consider the availability of rehabilitation professionals and services to address the specific healthcare needs of disabled people at the PHC level in Ghana. The findings also point to a need for further research on the perspectives of healthcare policymakers about how to navigate the systemic barriers encountered by providers in providing care to persons with physical disabilities in rural Ghana in particular, and other similar rural areas.
ON LOCAL ENERGY DECAY ESTIMATE OF THE OSEEN SEMIGROUP IN TWO DIMENSIONS AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors: Maekawa Yasunori 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study the temporal decay estimate of the Oseen semigroup in a two-dimensional exterior domain. We establish the local energy decay estimate with a suitable dependence on the small translation speed, which is a significant improvement of Hishida’s result in 2016. As an application, we prove the $L^{q}$-$L^{r}$ estimates of the Oseen semigroup uniformly in the small translation speed.
Sensitivity of Acoustic Emission Triggering to Small Pore Pressure Cycling Perturbations During Brittle Creep
Authors: Chanard K. , Nicolas A. , Hatano T. , Petrelis F. , Latour S. , Vinciguerra S. , Schubnel A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFluid‐induced stress perturbations in the crust at seismogenic depths caused by sources such as tidal or seasonal loading may trigger earthquakes. We investigate the role of small periodic pore pressure (Pp) perturbation in rupture nucleation by performing laboratory triaxial creep experiments on Fontainebleau sandstone, saturated in water, under sinusoidal Pp variations. Results show that recorded acoustic emissions (AEs) correlate with Pp as the rock approaches failure. More interestingly, AEs occur significantly more when Pp is decreasing, that is, when strain rate is maximum with a progressive increase of Pp‐AEs correlation in time as the rock approaches failure. This suggests that the correlation of small stress perturbations and AEs not only depends on Pp amplitude but also on the criticality of the rock. Observations at the laboratory scale support field observations where tidal loading may have modulated seismic rates during the nucleation phase of the 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman and 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquakes.
The Role of the Tropically Excited Arctic Warming Mechanism on the Warm Arctic Cold Continent Surface Air Temperature Trend Pattern
Authors: Clark Joseph P. , Lee Sukyoung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe December–February surface air temperature (SAT) trend is examined for all consecutive 20‐year time periods between 1979 and 2017, from which a transition from a cold‐Arctic‐warm‐continent toward a warm‐Arctic‐cold‐continent trend pattern is evident. This transition is accompanied by a consistent transition in the sea level pressure trend pattern that supports warm air advection over the Arctic and cold air advection over the continents. The regression of the detrended December–February‐average SAT onto a detrended index defined to quantify the east‐west gradient of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature is characterized by a warm‐Arctic‐cold‐continent pattern much like the SAT trend pattern observed in recent decades. A decadal timescale warming of the western tropical Pacific water has increased the east‐west gradient of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature, thus contributing to the observed extratropical SAT trend transition.
Influence of Extreme Ultraviolet Irradiance Variations on the Precipitating Ion Flux From MAVEN Observations
Authors: Martinez A. , Leblanc F. , Chaufray J. Y. , Modolo R. , Witasse O. , Dong Y. , Hara T. , Halekas J. , Lillis R. , McFadden J. , Eparvier F. , Leclercq L. , Luhmann J. , Curry S. , Titov D. , Jakosky B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study the influence of the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux intensity on the precipitating ion fluxes as seen by the Solar Wind Ion Analyzer, an energy and angular ion spectrometer aboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. We defined three periods with significantly different EUV flux intensity (1.6 and 3.2 times the lowest EUV intensity) and compare the precipitating ion flux measured by MAVEN/Solar Wind Ion Analyzer during each period. At low energy [30–650] eV, we find that the median (average) precipitating ion flux during the medium and low EUV periods are, respectively, 1.7 (2.1) and 3 (3.5) times more intense than the flux during the high EUV period. At high energy [650–25,000] eV, a similar trend in the intensity of the precipitating ion flux is observed but with an increase by 50% (46%) and 70% (79%), respectively. A larger EUV flux does therefore not seem to favor heavy ion precipitation into Mars's atmosphere, contrary to modeling prediction and overall expectations.