bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Heuristics: Extraction and Classification Methods With Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Architecture Team
Authors: Fillingim Kenton B. , Nwaeri Richard O. , Borja Felipe , Fu Katherine , Paredis Christiaan J. J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study offers insight into the processes of expert designers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and how they use heuristics in the design process. A methodology for the extraction, classification, and characterization of heuristics is presented. Ten expert participants were interviewed to identify design heuristics used during early stage space mission design at JPL. In total, 101 heuristics were obtained, classified, and characterized. The use of interviews to extract heuristics allowed for researchers to confirm that those heuristics were indeed used by designers. Through the use of post-interview surveys, participants characterized heuristics based on attributes including source/origin, applicability based on concept maturity, frequency of use, reliability, and tendency to evolve. These findings are presented, and statistically significant correlations were found between the participant perceptions of frequency of use, reliability, and evolution of a heuristic. A positive correlation was found between frequency of use and reliability while negative correlations were found between frequency of use and evolution, and reliability and evolution. Survey results and analysis aim to identify valid attributes for assessing the applicability and value of multiple heuristics for design practice in early space mission formulation.
The Application of Evolutionary Algorithms in Multi-Objective Design and Optimization of Air Cooled Heatsinks
Authors: Abdelsalam Younis Osama , Alimohammadi Sajad , Persoons Tim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Genetic algorithms (GAs) are considered to be one of the main types of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) and are being increasingly used in various engineering design applications. To a large extent, plate-fin heatsinks are used in the thermal management of compact electronic equipment and data centers. The shape optimization of the heatsinks is not rigorously investigated during the design process of high power electronics. Any improvements in the effectiveness of the heatsinks impact the energy consumed by large-scale information communication technology (ICT) facilities including data centers and telecommunication systems and promote a more sustainable use of raw materials. This paper investigates the optimization of plate-fin heatsinks by modifying the fin layout in a forced crossflow using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The main objective is to improve the heat dissipation rate by modifying geometric parameters, i.e., the number, arrangement, and orientation of fins. For a generic heatsink test case, the optimized performance is examined in terms of thermal resistance, turbulence intensity, pumping power, coefficient of performance, and Chilton–Colburn j-factors. Among all of the cases investigated, the input parameter optimization configurations which coupled and rotated fins in groups of ten proved to be the most successful. For one case, an 18% increase in the effectiveness of heat dissipation is reported. However, when weight reduction was considered by dividing by the unit mass, the designs in one of the investigated families which remove a number of fins from the heatsink outperformed the rest, achieving improvements of 65% over the baseline.
Effects of Pulsation Intensities on Flame Characteristics of a Small Backward-Inclined Jet Flame in Crossflow
Authors: Hsu Ching Min , Khan Farha , Mosiria Dickson Bwana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The effects of pulsation intensities on the flame characteristics of a 10 deg-backward-inclined jet flame in the crossflow were investigated in a wind tunnel. The jet and the crossflow Reynolds numbers were 1527 and 2165, respectively. The jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio was 0.10. A loudspeaker was used to acoustically excite the jet flame. The excitation Strouhal number was 0.73, while the jet pulsation intensities varied from 0 to 1.26. The flame behaviors were studied through photography techniques. The flame temperatures were measured using a fine-wire R-type thermocouple. The combustion-induced emissions were probed by a commercial multi-gas analyzer. The jet flames were categorized into five characteristic modes with increasing pulsation intensities. Mode I was characterized by a yellowish down-washed recirculation flame, a blue neck flame, and a yellow tail flame. Modes II and III featured a split yellow tail flame, a yellowish recirculation flame, and a blue neck flame. Mode IV was characterized by a blue down-washed recirculation flame and neck flame, as well as a split yellow tail flame. Mode V was identified by a single yellow tail flame and the absence of the down-washed recirculation flame. When the jet flames were excited beyond mode I, the combustion-induced pollutants of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide were significantly reduced. However, the excited jet flame in mode V displayed low temperatures in the near-tube region.
Numerical Survey of the Melting Driven Natural Convection Using Generation Heat Source: Application to the Passive Cooling of Electronics Using Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material
Authors: Faraji Hamza , Faraji Mustapha , El Alami Mustapha 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The present paper reports numerical results of the melting driven natural convection in an inclined rectangular enclosure filled with nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM). The enclosure is heated from the bottom side by a flush-mounted heat source (microprocessor) that generates heat at a constant and uniform volumetric rate and mounted on a substrate (motherboard). All the walls are considered adiabatic. The purpose of the investigation is analyzing the effect of nanoparticles insertion by quantifying their contribution to the overall heat transfer. Combined effects of the PCM type, the inclination angle and the nanoparticles fraction on the structure of the fluid flow and heat transfer are investigated. A 2D mathematical model based on the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy was developed. The governing equations were integrated and discretized using the finite volume method. The SIMPLE algorithm was adopted for velocity–pressure coupling. The obtained results show that the nanoparticles insertion has an important quantitative effect on the overall heat transfer. The insertion of metallic nanoparticles with different concentrations affects the thermal behavior of the heat sink. They contribute to an efficient cooling of the heat source. The effect of nanoparticles insertion is also shown at the temperature distribution along the substrate.
Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Yin Shang-He-Lin , Xu Peng , Wang Bian , Lu Yao , Wu Qiao-Yu , Zhou Meng-Li , Wu Jun-Ru , Cai Jing-Jing , Sun Xin , Yuan Hong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of standard term (12 months) or long term (>12 months) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus short term (<6 months) DAPT after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES).DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesRelevant studies published between June 1983 and April 2018 from Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library for clinical trials, PubMed, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Clinicaltrialsregister.eu.Review methodsRandomised controlled trials comparing two of the three durations of DAPT (short term, standard term, and long term) after PCI with DES were included. The primary study outcomes were cardiac or non-cardiac death, all cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and all bleeding events.Results17 studies (n=46 864) were included. Compared with short term DAPT, network meta-analysis showed that long term DAPT resulted in higher rates of major bleeding (odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 2.49) and non-cardiac death (1.63, 1.03 to 2.59); standard term DAPT was associated with higher rates of any bleeding (1.39, 1.01 to 1.92). No noticeable difference was observed in other primary endpoints. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the risks of non-cardiac death and bleeding were further increased for ≥18 months of DAPT compared with short term or standard term DAPT. In the subgroup analysis, long term DAPT led to higher all cause mortality than short term DAPT in patients implanted with newer-generation DES (1.99, 1.04 to 3.81); short term DAPT presented similar efficacy and safety to standard term DAPT with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) presentation and newer-generation DES placement. The heterogeneity of pooled trials was low, providing more confidence in the interpretation of results.ConclusionsIn patients with all clinical presentations, compared with short term DAPT (clopidogrel), long term DAPT led to higher rates of major bleeding and non-cardiac death, and standard term DAPT was associated with an increased risk of any bleeding. For patients with ACS, short term DAPT presented similar efficacy and safety with standard term DAPT. For patients implanted with newer-generation DES, long term DAPT resulted in more all cause mortality than short term DAPT. Although the optimal duration of DAPT should take personal ischaemic and bleeding risks into account, this study suggested short term DAPT could be considered for most patients after PCI with DES, combining evidence from both direct and indirect comparisons.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42018099519.
Productivity loss due to menstruation-related symptoms: a nationwide cross-sectional survey among 32 748 women
Authors: Schoep Mark E , Adang Eddy M M , Maas Jacques W M , De Bie Bianca , Aarts Johanna W M , Nieboer Theodoor E 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate age-dependent productivity loss caused by menstruation-related symptoms, measured in absenteeism (time away from work or school) and presenteeism (productivity loss while present at work or school).MethodsDesign/setting: internet-based, cross-sectional survey conducted in the Netherlands from July to October 2017.Participants: 32 748 women aged 15–45 years, recruited through social media.Outcome measures: self-reported lost productivity in days, divided into absenteeism and presenteeism; impact of menstrual symptoms; reasons women give when calling in sick; and women’s preferences regarding the implications of menstruation-related symptoms for schools and workplaces.ResultsA total of 13.8% (n=4514) of all women reported absenteeism during their menstrual periods with 3.4% (n=1108) reporting absenteeism every or almost every menstrual cycle. The mean absenteeism related to a woman’s period was 1.3 days per year. A total of 80.7% (n=26 438) of the respondents reported presenteeism and decreased productivity a mean of 23.2 days per year. An average productivity loss of 33% resulted in a mean of 8.9 days of total lost productivity per year due to presenteeism. Women under 21 years were more likely to report absenteeism due to menstruation-related symptoms (OR 3.3, 95% CI 3.1 to 3.6). When women called in sick due to their periods, only 20.1% (n=908) told their employer or school that their absence was due to menstrual complaints. Notably, 67.7% (n=22 154) of the participants wished they had greater flexibility in their tasks and working hours at work or school during their periods.ConclusionsMenstruation-related symptoms cause a great deal of lost productivity, and presenteeism is a bigger contributor to this than absenteeism. There is an urgent need for more focus on the impact of these symptoms, especially in women aged under 21 years, for discussions of treatment options with women of all ages and, ideally, more flexibility for women who work or go to school.
Prevalence and socioeconomic impact of depressive disorders in India: multisite population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Arvind Banavaram Anniappan , Gururaj Gopalkrishna , Loganathan Santosh , Amudhan Senthil , Varghese Mathew , Benegal Vivek , Rao Girish N , Kokane Arun Mahadeo , B S Chavan , P K Dalal , Ram Daya , Pathak Kangkan , R K Lenin Singh , Singh Lokesh Kumar , Sharma Pradeep , Saha Pradeep Kumar , C Ramasubramanian , Mehta Ritambhara Y , T M Shibukumar 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India was undertaken with the objectives of (1) estimating the prevalence and patterns of various mental disorders in representative Indian population and (2) identifying the treatment gap, healthcare utilisation, disabilities and impact of mental disorders. This paper highlights findings pertaining to depressive disorders (DD) from the NMHS.DesignMultisite population-based cross-sectional study. Subjects were selected by multistage stratified random cluster sampling technique with random selection based on probability proportionate to size at each stage.SettingConducted across 12 states in India (representing varied cultural and geographical diversity), employing uniform, standardised and robust methodology.ParticipantsA total of 34 802 adults (>18 years) were interviewed.Main outcome measurePrevalence of depressive disorders (ICD-10 DCR) diagnosed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview V.6.0.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of lifetime and current DD was 5.25% (95% CI: 5.21% to 5.29%, n=34 802) and 2.68% (95% CI: 2.65% to 2.71%, n=34 802), respectively. Prevalence was highest in the 40–59 age groups (3.6%, n=10 302), among females (3.0%, n=18 217) and those residing in cities with population >1 million (5.2%, n=4244). Age, gender, place of residence, education and household income were found to be significantly associated with current DD. Nearly two-thirds of individuals with DD reported disability of varying severity, and the treatment gap for depression in the study population was 79.1%. On an average, households spent INR1500/month (~US$ 23.0/month) towards care of persons affected with DD.ConclusionAround 23 million adults would need care for DD in India at any given time. Since productive population is affected most, DD entails considerable socioeconomic impact at individual and family levels. This is a clarion call for all the concerned stakeholders to scale up services under National Mental Health Programme in India along with integrating care for DD with other ongoing national health programmes.
The effect of dose on the antimalarial efficacy of artesunate-mefloquine againstPlasmodium falciparummalaria: a protocol for systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis
Authors: Mansoor Rashid , Dahal Prabin , Humphreys Georgina S , Guerin Philippe , Ashley Elizabeth A , Stepniewska Kasia 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionAntimalarial posology based on weight bands leaves patients at the margins vulnerable to receiving either lower or higher weight-adjusted (mg/kg) dosages. This article aims to describe the protocol for systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis (MA) for a study of the distribution of artesunate and mefloquine dosage administered in patients with uncomplicatedPlasmodium falciparummalaria treated with an artesunate-mefloquine (AS-MQ) regimen. Relationship between mg/kg dose and therapeutic outcomes will be assessed through a one-stage individual participant data (IPD) MA.Methods and analysisTherapeutic efficacy studies with the AS-MQ regimen will be identified by searching the following databases: PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science. The corresponding authors of the relevant studies will be requested to share the IPD for the purpose of this MA to a secured repository. All available studies will be standardised using a common data management protocol and pooled into a single database. The relationship between mg/kg dosage and treatment failures will be assessed using a Cox regression model with study sites considered as a shared frailty term. Safety parameters will be explored where available.Ethics and disseminationThis IPD MA met the criteria for waiver of ethical review as defined by the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee as the research consisted of secondary analysis of existing anonymous data. The results of this analysis will be disseminated at conferences, WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network website and any peer-reviewed publication arising will be made open source.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018103776.
Relationship of different domains of physical activity practice with health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older people: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Scarabottolo Catarina Covolo , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni , Nakamura Priscila Missaki , Tebar William Rodrigues , Canhin Daniel da Silva , Gobbo Luis Alberto , Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo analyse the association between different domains of physical activity (PA) and health-related domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults, independent of confounding variables.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsIn total, 400 individuals 60 years or above were randomly selected to participate in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPA was assessed by a questionnaire in three different domains (work/occupational, sports/gym and leisure time) and total PA. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey was used to evaluate HRQoL. The variables socioeconomic condition, marital status and presence of health professional-diagnosed comorbidities were self-reported.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 71.5 (±8.4) years, of whom 58% (n=232) were female. Male older adults showed higher scores of PA in sports, leisure time and in total PA than female adults. Older adults who were more physically active in the work/occupational domain were associated with better scores in functional capacity (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.93) and general health perception (OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.56). Those who presented a higher score in the sports/gym domain had better scores in functional capacity, even after adjustment for comorbidities (OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.96). Individuals with higher activity in leisure time were more likely to have better scores in functional capacity (OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.98), body pain (OR=1.74, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.78) and mental health (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.69). Older adults who were more active in total PA were 77% more likely to have better scores in functional capacity (OR=1.77, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.02).ConclusionPhysically active older adults in the different domains of PA presented better HRQoL parameters, reinforcing the importance of studies analysing PA in different contexts and in countries with low and medium socioeconomic conditions.
Diversity in the emergency care for febrile children in Europe: a questionnaire study
Authors: Borensztajn Dorine , Yeung Shunmay , Hagedoorn Nienke N , Balode Anda , von Both Ulrich , Carrol Enitan D , Dewez Juan Emmanuel , Eleftheriou Irini , Emonts Marieke , van der Flier Michiel , de Groot Ronald , Herberg Jethro Adam , Kohlmaier Benno , Lim Emma , Maconochie Ian , Martinón-Torres Federico , Nijman Ruud , Pokorn Marko , Strle Franc , Tsolia Maria , Wendelin Gerald , Zavadska Dace , Zenz Werner , Levin Michael , Moll Henriette A 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo provide an overview of care in emergency departments (EDs) across Europe in order to interpret observational data and implement interventions regarding the management of febrile children.Design and settingAn electronic questionnaire was sent to the principal investigators of an ongoing study (PERFORM (Personalised Risk assessment in Febrile illness to Optimise Real-life Management), www.perform2020.eu) in 11 European hospitals in eight countries: Austria, Germany, Greece, Latvia, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the UK.Outcome measuresThe questionnaire covered indicators in three domains: local ED quality (supervision, guideline availability, paper vs electronic health records), organisation of healthcare (primary care, immunisation), and local factors influencing or reflecting resource use (availability of point-of-care tests, admission rates).ResultsReported admission rates ranged from 4% to 51%. In six settings (Athens, Graz, Ljubljana, Riga, Rotterdam, Santiago de Compostela), the supervising ED physicians were general paediatricians, in two (Liverpool, London) these were paediatric emergency physicians, in two (Nijmegen, Newcastle) supervision could take place by either a general paediatrician or a general emergency physician, and in one (München) this could be either a general paediatrician or a paediatric emergency physician. The supervising physician was present on site in all settings during office hours and in five out of eleven settings during out-of-office hours. Guidelines for fever and sepsis were available in all settings; however, the type of guideline that was used differed. Primary care was available in all settings during office hours and in eight during out-of-office hours. There were differences in routine immunisations as well as in additional immunisations that were offered; immunisation rates varied between and within countries.ConclusionDifferences in local, regional and national aspects of care exist in the management of febrile children across Europe. This variability has to be considered when trying to interpret differences in the use of diagnostic tools, antibiotics and admission rates. Any future implementation of interventions or diagnostic tests will need to be aware of this European diversity.
mHOMR: a feasibility study of an automated system for identifying inpatients having an elevated risk of 1-year mortality
Authors: Wegier Pete , Koo Ellen , Ansari Shahin , Kobewka Daniel , O'Connor Erin , Wu Peter , Steinberg Leah , Bell Chaim , Walton Tara , van Walraven Carl , Embuldeniya Gayathri , Costello Judy , Downar James 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThe need for clinical staff to reliably identify patients with a shortened life expectancy is an obstacle to improving palliative and end-of-life care. We developed and evaluated the feasibility of an automated tool to identify patients with a high risk of death in the next year to prompt treating physicians to consider a palliative approach and reduce the identification burden faced by clinical staff.MethodsTwo-phase feasibility study conducted at two quaternary healthcare facilities in Toronto, Canada. We modified the Hospitalised-patient One-year Mortality Risk (HOMR) score, which identifies patients having an elevated 1-year mortality risk, to use only data available at the time of admission. An application prompted the admitting team when patients had an elevated mortality risk and suggested a palliative approach. The incidences of goals of care discussions and/or palliative care consultation were abstracted from medical records.ResultsOur model (C-statistic=0.89) was found to be similarly accurate to the original HOMR score and identified 15.8% and 12.2% of admitted patients at Sites 1 and 2, respectively. Of 400 patients included, the most common indications for admission included a frailty condition (219, 55%), chronic organ failure (91, 23%) and cancer (78, 20%). At Site 1 (integrated notification), patients with the notification were significantly more likely to have a discussion about goals of care and/or palliative care consultation (35% vs 20%, p = 0.016). At Site 2 (electronic mail), there was no significant difference (45% vs 53%, p = 0.322).ConclusionsOur application is an accurate, feasible and timely identification tool for patients at elevated risk of death in the next year and may be effective for improving palliative and end-of-life care.