bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosomatische und psychische Erkrankungen bei Musikern
Authors: Spahn C. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungMusizieren ist modellhaft für das Zusammenwirken von Körper, Psyche und Geist. Störungen der Musikausübung wirken sich demnach zwangsläufig auf allen drei Ebenen aus. Somit sind Behandler von Musikerpatienten in starkem Maße mit psychosomatischen Aspekten konfrontiert. Darüber hinaus sind Musiker als Personen in leidenschaftlicher Weise mit der Musik verbunden, sodass Störungen der Musikausübung sie als gesamte Person, mit “Leib und Seele” erfassen. Im engeren Sinne gehören die Auftrittsangst und die somatoforme Schmerzstörung zu den häufigen psychosomatischen musikerspezifischen Erkrankungen.Die Auftrittsangst stellt eine Unterform der sozialen Phobie dar ist und ist abzugrenzen vom nicht pathologischen Lampenfieber, welches regelhaft bei Musikern auftritt und Teil der Berufsrealität ist. Die Behandlung der Auftrittsangst sollte nach einem multimodalen Behandlungsmodell mit unterschiedlichen Therapieansätzen – wie kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen, tiefenpsychologischen, körperorientierten –, Entspannungsverfahren, mentalen Techniken sowie Bühnenexposition und Video-Feedback erfolgen. Die somatoforme Schmerzstörung ist Ausdruck zugrundeliegender, häufig musikbezogener Konflikte.
Musik in der Neurorehabilitation nach einem Schlaganfall
Authors: Evers S. , Speth F. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Übersichtsartikel wird der Stand der Forschung zu Effekten und Wirkweisen musiktherapeutischer Anwendungen in der Neurorehabilitation mit einem Fokus auf Schlaganfallrehabilitation dargestellt. Daran anknüpfend werden offene Untersuchungsfelder beschrieben, die sich aus dem zunehmenden Einsatz von robotergestützten Systemen, die klangliche Umgebungen nutzen, ergeben.
Musik in der Schmerztherapie
Authors: Spintge R. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungMusik in der Schmerztherapie wird in diesem Beitrag anhand des Konzepts der Musik-Medizin bzw. der anxiolytischen Musik dargestellt. Dabei handelt es sich überwiegend um den therapeutischen Einsatz bei operativen Verfahren. Der Beitrag spricht sich für einen evidenzbasierten Gebrauch der Musik in der Schmerztherapie aus. Beispielhaft werden die schmerztherapeutischen Konzepte der Sportklinik Hellersen dargestellt. Auch die klinischen Studien zum Einsatz von Musik in der Schmerztherapie werden aufgelistet.
The impact of exercise training on the lipid peroxidation metabolomic profile and respiratory infection risk in older adults
Authors: Silva Diana , Arend Eduardo , Rocha Silvia M. , Rudnitskaya Alisa , Delgado Luís , Moreira André , Carvalho Joana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAging is associated with oxidative stress that may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections (RIs). We aimed to assess the impact of exercise training on the risk of RIs in older adults and on a targeted metabolomic profile of stress oxidative lipid peroxidation‐related metabolites. Methods: In an 8‐month clinical trial, 38 participants over 60 years of age were allocated to an exercise group (EG), in which participants underwent 90‐min training sessions three times/week(n = 20), or a control group (CG), in which participants maintained daily physical activities(n = 18). Daily respiratory symptoms and RIs number and severity were collected. Serum by‐products were assessed by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with time of flight analyzer. Serum metabolomic profiling comprised 76 metabolites (alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones). Principal components analysis and ANOVA‐simultaneous component analysis were used to evaluate the metabolomic profile change. Results: The odds ratio of RIs for the EG was 2.0 CI 95% [0.2;25]. The incidence of RIs was 47% [23;70] in the EG vs. 44%[12;77] in the CG. The metabolomic profiling showed that alkanes and aldehydes classes differed between the EG and the CG before and after intervention. A calibration model showed a relation between the metabolites from four main classes (ketones, alcohols, alkanes and aldehydes) and the prediction of the number of RIs. Conclusion: Moderate exercise training, in older adults, compared with no exercise in controls, did not show a difference in the risk of RIs. A pattern of lipid peroxidation was associated with the number of RIs.
Biological Information as Choice and Construction
Authors: Pocheville Arnaud 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA causal approach to biological information is outlined. There are two aspects to this approach: information as determining a choice between alternative objects and information as determining the construction of a single object. The first aspect has been developed in earlier work to yield a quantitative measure of biological information that can be used to analyze biological networks. This article explores the prospects for a measure based on the second aspect and suggests some applications for such a measure. These two aspects are not suggested to exhaust all the facets of biological information.
Impacts of Mandatory GE Food Labeling: A Quasi‐Natural Experiment
Authors: Carter Colin A. , Schaefer K. Aleks 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn July 2016, Vermont became the first U.S. state to require mandatory labeling of foods containing genetically engineered (GE) ingredients. The introduction of the Vermont law serves as a quasi‐natural experiment on the economic effects of mandatory GE labeling. We investigate the market response in the U.S. sugar market. Almost all beet sugar is GE, while cane sugar is GE‐free. Prior to 2016, cane and beet sugar were regarded as homogenous. However, in mid 2016, refined cane sugar began selling at a premium over refined beet sugar. We find the mandatory labeling initiative generated about a 13% price discount for beet sugar and a premium of about 1% for cane. Food manufacturers’ concerns over mandatory labeling caused them to switch inputs. This resulted in a redistribution of welfare in the U.S. sugar industry.
The Effect of Microgravity on Central Aortic Blood Pressure
Authors: Seibert Felix S , Bernhard Fabian , Stervbo Ulrik , Vairavanathan Sinthuya , Bauer Frederic , Rohn Benjamin , Pagonas Nikolaos , Babel Nina , Jankowski Joachim , Westhoff Timm H 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Blood pressure has been traditionally measured at peripheral arteries. In the past decade, evidence has grown that central aortic blood pressure may be a more powerful predictor for cardiovascular events, but data on its regulation are rare. The present work examines the impact of microgravity on central blood pressure for the first time.

METHODS
We performed 7 parabolic flights with 22 seconds of weightlessness in each parabola. Hemodynamic parameters including central systolic blood pressure were measured noninvasively in a free-floating position in 20 healthy subjects (19–43 years of age).

RESULTS
Arterial elasticity at rest was normal in all participants (augmentation index 14% (interquartile range (IQR) 10–22), pulse wave velocity 5.2 m/s (IQR 5.0–5.4)). Transition of 1g to 0g led to a significant increase of central systolic blood pressure from 124 (IQR 118–133) to 127 (IQR 119–133) mm Hg (P = 0.017). Cardiac index augmented significantly from 2.5 (IQR 2.2–2.8) to 2.7 (IQR 2.3–3.0) l/min/m2 (P &lt; 0.001), while peripheral vascular resistance showed a decrease from 1.30 (IQR 1.14–1.48) to 1.25 (IQR 1.15–1.40) s × mm Hg/ml (P = 0.037). Peripheral systolic blood pressure did not change significantly (P &gt; 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Whereas there is a multitude of studies on the effects of microgravity on peripheral blood pressure, this study provides first data on central aortic blood pressure. An acute loss of gravity leads to a central blood volume shift with an augmentation of cardiac output. In healthy subjects with normal arterial stiffness, the compensatory decrease of peripheral resistance does not outweigh this effect resulting in an increase of central blood pressure.
Photospheric carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen abundances of A-type main-sequence stars
Authors: Takeda Yoichi , Kawanomoto Satoshi , Ohishi Naoko , Kang Dong-Il , Lee Byeong-Cheol , Kim Kang-Min , Han Inwoo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Based on the spectrum fitting method applied to C i 5380, N i 7486, and O i 6156–8 lines, we determined the abundances of C, N, and O for 100 mostly A-type main-sequence stars (late B through early F at $11000\:\mbox{K}\gtrsim T_{\rm eff} \gtrsim 7000\:\mbox{K}$) comprising normal stars as well as non-magnetic chemically peculiar (CP) stars in the projected rotational velocity range of 0 km s$^{-1} \lesssim v_{\rm e}\sin i \lesssim \:100\:$km s−1, where our aim was to investigate the abundance anomalies of these elements in terms of mutual correlation, dependence upon stellar parameters, and difference between normal and CP stars. We found that CNO are generally underabundant (relative to the standard star Procyon) typically by several tenths dex to ∼1 dex for almost all stars (whether CP or normal), though those classified as peculiar (Am or HgMn) tend to show larger underabundance, especially for C in late Am stars and for N in HgMn stars of late B-type, for which the deficiency even amounts up to ∼2 dex. While the behaviors of these three elements are qualitatively similar to each other, the quantitative extent of peculiarity (or the vulnerability to the physical process causing anomaly) tends to follow the inequality relation of C &gt; N &gt; O. Regarding the considerable star-to-star dispersion observed at any Teff, the most important cause is presumably the difference in rotational velocity. These observational facts appear to be more or less favorably comparable with the recent theoretical calculations based on the model of atomic diffusion and envelope mixing.
Hydrogen sulfide upregulates renal AQP‐2 protein expression and promotes urine concentration
Authors: Luo Renfei , Hu Shan , Liu Qiaojuan , Han Mengke , Wang Feifei , Qiu Miaojuan , Li Suchun , Li Xiaosa , Yang Tianxin , Fu Xiaodong , Wang Weidong , Li Chunling 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIncreasing evidence supports the important role of H2S in renal physiology and the pathogenesis of kidney injury. Whether H2S regulates water metabolism in the kidney and the potential mechanism are still unknown. The present study was conducted to determine the role of H2S in urine concentration. Inhibition of both cystathionine‐γ‐lyase (CSE) and cystathionine‐β‐synthase (CBS), 2 major enzymes for endogenous H2S production, with propargylglycine (PPG) and amino‐oxyacetate (AOAA), respectively, caused increased urine output and reduced urine osmolality in mice that was associated with decreased expression of aquaporin (AQP)‐2 in the renal inner medulla. Mice treated with both PPG and AOAA developed a urine concentration defect in response to dehydration that was accompanied by reduced AQP‐2 protein expression. Inhibition of CSE alone was associated with a mild decrease in AQP‐2 protein level in the renal medulla of heterozygous CBS mice. GYY4137, a slow H2S donor, markedly improved urine concentration and prevented the down‐regulation of renal AQP‐2 protein expression in mice with lithium‐induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). GYY4137 significantly increased cAMP levels in cell lysates prepared from inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) suspensions. AQP‐2 protein expression was also upregulated, but was significantly inhibited by the adenyl cyclase inhibitor MDL12330A or the PKA inhibitor H89, but not the vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) antagonist tolvaptan. Inhibition of endogenous H2S production impaired urine concentration in mice, whereas an exogenous H2S donor improved urine concentration in lithium‐induced NDI by increasing AQP‐2 expression in the collecting duct principal cells. H2S upregulated AQP‐2 protein expression, probably via the cAMP‐PKA pathway.—Luo, R., Hu, S., Liu, Q., Han, M., Wang, F., Qiu, M., Li, S., Li, X., Yang, T., Fu, X., Wang, W., Li, C. Hydrogen sulfide upregulates renal AQP‐2 protein expression and promotes urine concentration. FASEB J. 33, 469–483 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Optimal Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in Full-Term Newborns
Authors: Solberg Marianne Trygg , Solevåg Anne Lee , Clarke Sara 
Published: July 2018

Background:Most studies examining the best mechanical ventilation strategies in newborn infants have been performed in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.Purpose:To identify and synthesize the evidence regarding optimal mechanical ventilation strategies in full-term newborns.Methods:Systematic review carried out according to the methods described in the PRISMA statement.Search Strategy:Searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library in March 2017, with an updated search and hand searches of reference lists of relevant articles in August 2017.Study Selection:Studies were included if they were published between 1996 and 2017, involved newborns with gestational age of 37 to 42 weeks, were randomized controlled trials, intervention or crossover studies, and addressed outcomes affecting oxygenation and/or ventilation, and/or short-term outcomes including duration of mechanical ventilation. Because of the large heterogeneity between the studies, it was not possible to synthesize the results in meta-analyses. The results are presented according to thematic analysis.Results:No individual study reported research exclusively in newborns 37 to 42 weeks of gestation. Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, but the population in all these studies included both premature and term newborns. Evidence about mechanical ventilation tailored exclusively to full-term newborns is scarce.Implication for Practice:Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with a 6 mL/kg tidal volume and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 8 cm H2O may be advantageous in full-term newborns.Implication for Research:There is an urgent need for high-quality studies, preferably randomized controlled trials, in full-term newborns requiring mechanical ventilation to optimize oxygenation, ventilation, and short-term outcomes, potentially stratified according to the underlying pathology.
Comparative Analysis of Bibliometric, Authorship, and Collaboration Trends Over the Past 30-Year Publication History of the Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma and Injury
Authors: Russell Arielle F. , Nguyen Michelle , Bhuiya Mashuq , Likine Elive F. , Fischer James P. , Grassel Kyle , Groswald Michael , Kabir Ryan , Spagna Sydney , Wright Serena , Whipple Elizabeth C. , Kacena Melissa A. , Loder Randall T. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives:
In the scientific and medical field, authorship has become increasingly important for tenure and career advancement in addition to improvement in medical care. It was the purpose of this study to investigate changes in bibliometric variables, authorship, and collaboration trends in the Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma (JOT) and Injury over a 30-year period.

Methods:
A bibliometric analysis was completed for all manuscripts meeting the inclusion criteria and published throughout 1 representative year of each decade over the past 30 years. A total of 444 and 1105 manuscripts for JOT and Injury, respectively, met the inclusion criteria. Standard statistical analyses were performed with nonparametric methods for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 and Cochran linear trend tests for categorical variables. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
There were significant increases over time in all bibliometric variables for both journals, except in the number of countries and pages in JOT. For JOT, the overall percentage of female first authors increased 2.3 times from 1987 to 2015 (P = 0.021). The overall percentage of female corresponding authors was 7.3%. For Injury, the overall percentage of female first authors increased 1.5 times (P = 0.007). The overall percentage of female corresponding authors was 13.1%.

Conclusions:
Understanding changes in publishing characteristics over time and by region is critical with the rising demands of publishing in academic medicine. JOT and Injury have showed an increase in most variables analyzed. However, female authorship in JOT is climbing at a higher rate than Injury.
Intraoperative Evaluation of the Anatomic Lateral Distal Femoral Angle and Its Variation due to Positioning
Authors: Bergin Patrick F. , Miles Daniel T. , Mathis Taylor P. , Graves Matthew L. , Spitler Clay A. , Replogle William H. , Jones LaRita C. , Stronach Benjamin 
Published: July 2018

Background/Purpose:
Preoperative evaluation of the contralateral anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) at our institution is used to judge coronal plane alignment. In our study, we investigated 4 different techniques for obtaining an anteroposterior intraoperative fluoroscopic image of the distal femur to determine which technique provides (1) the greatest interobserver reliability; (2) the lowest variability from the previously published population mean; and (3) the lowest side-to-side variability.

Methods:
Inclusion criteria included lower extremity injuries needing fixation that required intraoperative fluoroscopy with an intact femur and an intact extensor mechanism (N = 100). Fluoroscopic images were obtained of the distal femur in 4 positions differentiated by the position of the limb and the orientation of the C-arm beam to the femoral shaft.

Results:
All measurement techniques resulted in mean measurements within one degree of 81 degrees. Variance between measurements was small among patients with all views, but images that involved a true anteroposterior with the beam perpendicular to the femur had the lowest rate of measurements that were <78 or >84 degrees.

Conclusion:
Side-to-side differences in patients were <2 degrees on average with every image used. With the best-performing images, 20% of patients had an aLDFA > 3 degrees different from the population mean of 81 degrees and 3% of patients were >5 degrees different. Although restoring aLDFA to 81 degrees will be within 3 degrees of the contralateral side the vast majority of the time, matching the aLDFA to the injured side will be the most accurate reconstruction.
Manipulation Under Anesthesia as a Treatment of Posttraumatic Elbow Stiffness
Authors: Spitler Clay A. , Doty Daniel H. , Johnson Michael D. , Nowotarski Peter J. , Kiner Dirk W. , Swafford Rachel E. , Jemison D. Marshall 
Published: July 2018

Objectives:
Evaluate the safety and efficacy of manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) for posttraumatic elbow stiffness.

Design:
Retrospective, case series.

Setting:
Single institution; level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Chart review of 45 patients over a 10-year period treated with MUA for posttraumatic elbow stiffness after elbow injuries treated both operatively and nonoperatively.

Intervention:
None.

Main Outcome Measures:
Change in total flexion arc pre- to postmanipulation; time to manipulation; complications.

Results:
Average time from most recent surgical procedure or date of injury to MUA was 115 days. Average premanipulation flexion arc was 57.9 degrees; average flexion arc at the final follow-up was 83.7 degrees. The improvement in elbow flexion arc of motion was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis of the data revealed 2 distinct groups: 28 patients who underwent MUA within 3 months of their most recent surgical procedure (early manipulation), and 17 patients who underwent MUA after 3 months (late manipulation). Average improvement in elbow flexion arc in the early MUA group was 38.3 degrees (P < 0.001); improvement in the late MUA group was 3.1 degree. Comparison of improvement between the early and late MUA groups found a significant difference (P < 0.001) in mean flexion arc improvement from premanipulation to postmanipulation, favoring the early group. One patient had a complication directly attributable to MUA. Nineteen patients required additional procedures on the injured extremity after MUA.

Conclusions:
MUA is a safe and effective adjunct to improving motion in posttraumatic elbow stiffness when used within 3 months from the original injury or time of surgical fixation. After 3 months, MUA does not reliably increase elbow motion.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Current Practices for Multimodal Pain Management Using Liposomal Bupivacaine in Extracapsular and Intracapsular Hip Fracture Surgery: Expert Panel Opinion
Authors: Amin Nirav H. , Hutchinson Hank L. , Sanzone Anthony G. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) has demonstrated efficacy across a range of surgical settings, including shoulder, knee, and hip surgery. However, data are limited on the use of LB as part of a multimodal pain management approach in hip fracture surgery.

Methods:
On April 1, 2017, 4 orthopaedic surgeons and 3 anesthesiologists convened to discuss current practices and develop a consensus statement related to local infiltration analgesia with LB for hip fracture surgical procedures within the context of a multimodal opioid-sparing pain management approach. Separate workshops addressed intracapsular and extracapsular hip fracture surgery.

Results:
Multimodal strategies before, during, and after hip fracture surgery are paramount to optimizing pain control and minimizing opioid requirements. LB infiltration should occur intraoperatively near the time of closing the incision. For both intracapsular and extracapsular procedures, oral or intravenous acetaminophen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of choice, and tramadol should be given preoperatively. Presurgical fascia iliaca block with bupivacaine HCl may help bridge the period before LB takes effect. After both procedures, patients should receive 1 dose of intravenous acetaminophen, an NSAID, and opioid rescue medication as needed, starting with tramadol. Postoperative NSAIDs may help minimize opioid use. Patient and provider education are integral to managing patient expectations and alleviating concerns about pain and opioid use. Standardized, validated, and appropriately timed pain assessments are also necessary to optimize postsurgical pain management.

Conclusions:
These consensus recommendations regarding multimodal pain management protocols incorporating local infiltration analgesia with LB for extracapsular and intracapsular hip fracture procedures serve as a basis for additional research.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.