bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Love Really Make Mothers Blind? A Large Transcontinental Study on Mothers' Awareness About Their Children's Weight
Authors: Gregori Dario , Hochdorn Alexander , Azzolina Danila , Berchialla Paola , Lorenzoni Giulia ,   OBEY‐AD Study Consortium
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess maternal misperception rates (perception as normal or underweight of a child with overweight or obesity) and their role in affecting the chance of implementing actions to change children's weight.MethodsObesogeneicity of Gadgets Marketed with Snacks (OBEY‐AD) is an international study investigating factors promoting childhood overweight and obesity in 10 countries, in which 2,720 child‐mother dyads have been enrolled. Mothers' perception of their children's weight was assessed using a projective test. Children's weight status was measured according to the anthropometric standards established by the World Health Organization.ResultsMothers classified 89% of children with overweight and 52% of children with obesity as normal weight. The odds ratio of mothers' misperception was significantly higher for higher parental BMI, higher children's International Brand Awareness Inventory score, and high family socioeconomic status. Children with overweight and/or obesity who were perceived as normal weight by their mothers were less likely to be referred to specific health care services.ConclusionsMost children with overweight and/or obesity were perceived as normal weight by their mothers. Such lack of concern regarding a severe disease might interfere with the effectiveness of prevention programs. Considering the contextual factors that frame the etiological causes of a disease may help in finding effective and enduring solutions to target childhood obesity.
Propranolol versus steroids for the treatment of ulcerated infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Polites Stephanie F. , Rodrigue Bentley B. , Chute Carol , Hammill Adrienne , Dasgupta Roshni 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a paradigm shift from steroids to propranolol for the pharmacologic treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IH); however, the outcomes for ulcerated IH are not well studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of steroids and propranolol specifically for ulcerated IH.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on patients with ulcerated IH treated with propranolol or steroids at a single tertiary care institution between 2007 and 2014. Patient characteristics, hemangioma features, and outcomes, including time to heal and medication complications, were compared between propranolol and steroid patients.ResultsThere were 29 patients treated with propranolol and 23 with steroids. There were no significant differences in the two treatment groups including age, race, sex, size, or insurance status. There were more head/neck IH in the steroid group. There was no significant difference in the percentage of healed lesions (93 vs. 74%, P = 0.12) or the median time to heal (80 vs. 126 days, p = 0.21) between groups. Overall complication rates also did not vary between medications (24 vs. 44%, P = 0.14).ConclusionPropranolol is noninferior to steroids for the treatment of ulcerated IH; however, healing time is lengthy regardless of treatment. While side effect profiles differed between medications, the overall complication rate was similar.
Upfront eltrombopag monotherapy induces stable hematologic remission in pediatric patients with nonsevere idiopathic aplastic anemia
Authors: Geng Wenliang , Kearney Susan , Nelson Stephen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAplastic anemia (AA) is characterized by multilineage cytopenias and bone marrow hypocellularity. Severe AA can be treated with immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and/or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The thrombopoietin agonist eltrombopag has been shown to induce hematopoietic recovery and transfusion independence in adults with refractory and relapsed AA. Recently, upfront eltrombopag therapy in patients with AA in combination with IST has shown efficacy. Data for its use without concurrent IST in pediatric patients with AA remain sparse. Here we report two pediatric patients with AA not meeting severe criteria who achieved hematologic response with upfront eltrombopag monotherapy.
Diagnosis of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome in children presenting with Wilms tumor
Authors: MacFarland Suzanne P. , Duffy Kelly A. , Bhatti Tricia R. , Bagatell Rochelle , Balamuth Naomi J. , Brodeur Garrett M. , Ganguly Arupa , Mattei Peter A. , Surrey Lea F. , Balis Frank M. , Kalish Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a genetic syndrome associated with overgrowth and cancer predisposition, including predisposition to Wilms tumor (WT). Patients with BWS and BWS spectrum are screened from birth to age 7 years for BWS‐associated cancers. However, in some cases a BWS‐associated cancer may be the first recognized manifestation of the syndrome. We describe 12 patients diagnosed with BWS after presenting with a WT. We discuss the features of BWS in these patients and hypothesize that earlier detection of BWS by attention to its subtler manifestations could lead to earlier detection of children at risk for associated malignancies.
Integrating co‐evolutionary signals and other properties of residue pairs to distinguish biological interfaces from crystal contacts
Authors: Hu Jian , Liu Hui‐Fang , Sun Jun , Wang Jia , Liu Rong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt remains challenging to accurately discriminate between biological and crystal interfaces. Most existing analyses and algorithms focused on the features derived from a single side of the interface. However, less attention has been paid to the properties of residue pairs across protein interfaces. To address this problem, we defined a novel co‐evolutionary feature for homodimers through integrating direct coupling analysis and image processing techniques. The residue pairs across biological homodimeric interfaces were significantly enriched in co‐evolving residues compared to those across crystal contacts, resulting in a promising classification accuracy with area under the curves (AUCs) of >0.85. Considering the availability of co‐evolutionary feature, we also designed other residue pair based features that were useful for both homodimers and heterodimers. The most informative residue pairs were identified to reflect the interaction preferences across protein interfaces. Regarding the other extant properties, we designed the new descriptors at the interface residue level as well as at the pairwise contact level. Extensive validation showed that these single properties can be used to identify biological interfaces with AUCs ranging from 0.60 to 0.88. By integrating co‐evolutionary feature with other residue pair based properties, our final prediction model output excellent performance with AUCs of >0.91 on different datasets. Compared to existing methods, our algorithm not only yielded better or comparable results but also provided complementary information. An easy‐to‐use web server is freely accessible at http://liulab.hzau.edu.cn/RPAIAnalyst.
Chronic toxicity of clothianidin, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and dimethoate to Apis mellifera L. larvae reared in vitro
Authors: Dai Pingli , Jack Cameron J , Mortensen Ashley N , Bustamante Tomas A , Bloomquist Jeffrey R , Ellis James D 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of chronic exposure to two neonicotinoids (clothianidin and imidacloprid) and two organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and dimethoate) on survival, developmental rate and larval weight of honey bee larvae reared in vitro were determined. Diets containing chemicals were fed to larvae with the range of concentrations for each compound based on published acute toxicity experiments and residues found in pollen and nectar, both components of the larval diet.RESULTSFour concentrations of each compound and controls were tested: chlorpyrifos: 0.5, 0.8, 1.2, 8 mg/L; clothianidin: 0.1, 0.4, 2, 10 mg L−1; dimethoate: 0.02, 1, 6, 45 mg L−1; imidacloprid: 0.4, 2, 4, 10 mg L−1; positive control: dimethoate (45 mg L−1); solvent control: acetone or methanol; and negative control. A significant decrease in survival, relative to the solvent control, occurred in the 0.8, 1.2 and 8 mg L−1 chlorpyrifos, 0.4, 2 and 10 mg L−1 clothianidin, and 45 mg L−1 dimethoate diets, but not the imidacloprid diets.CONCLUSIONThe treatment of larval diets with clothianidin, dimethoate and imidacloprid did not affect survival, developmental rate, or weight of immature honey bees; however, treatment with chlorpyrifos did. Overall, our results are valuable for evaluating the chronic toxicity of these pesticides to developing honey bees. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular mechanisms influencing efficiency of RNA interference in insects
Authors: Cooper Anastasia MW , Silver Kristopher , Zhang Jianzhen , Park Yoonseong , Zhu Kun Yan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous, sequence‐specific gene‐silencing mechanism elicited by small RNA molecules. RNAi is a powerful reverse genetic tool, and is currently being utilized for managing insects and viruses. Widespread implementation of RNAi‐based pest management strategies is currently hindered by inefficient and highly variable results when different insect species, strains, developmental stages, tissues, and genes are targeted. Mechanistic studies have shown that double‐stranded ribonucleases (dsRNases), endosomal entrapment, deficient function of the core machinery, and inadequate immune stimulation contribute to limited RNAi efficiency. However, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms limiting RNAi efficiency remains elusive. Recent advances in dsRNA stability in physiological tissues, dsRNA internalization into cells, the composition and function of the core RNAi machinery, as well as small‐interfering RNA/double‐stranded RNA amplification and spreading mechanisms are reviewed to establish a global understanding of the obstacles impeding wider understanding of RNAi mechanisms in insects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergized Multimodal Therapy for Safe and Effective Reversal of Cancer Multidrug Resistance Based on Low‐Level Photothermal and Photodynamic Effects
Authors: Xu Luming , Liu Jia , Xi Jiangbo , Li Qilin , Chang Bingcheng , Duan Xianming , Wang Guobin , Wang Shuai , Wang Zheng , Wang Lin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite the therapeutic usefulness of near‐infrared irradiation (NIR)‐induced potent photothermal effects (PTE) and photodynamic effects (PDE), they inevitably damage normal tissues, often posing threat to life when treating tumors adjacent to key organs or major blood vessels. In this study, the frequently overlooked, “weak” PTE and PDE (no killing capability) are employed to synergize chemotherapy against multidrug resistance (MDR) without impairing normal tissues. An NIR‐responsive nanosystem, gold (Au)‐nanodot‐decorated hollow carbon nanospheres coated with hyaluronic acid, is synthesized as a doxorubicin (DOX) carrier with excellent photothermal and photodynamic properties. Upon low‐level infrared irradiation, the mild heat of weak PTE moderately boosts DOX unloading, meanwhile the weak PDE moderately disturbs the P‐glycoprotein function for retaining intracellular DOX by impairing mitochondrial ATP production. These two “moderate” alterations are quantitatively and functionally sufficient to augment the efficacy of chemotherapy in reversing MDR without damaging neighboring tissue. Thus, this work creates a gold‐dot‐decorated nanocarbon spheres based nanosystem for trimodal therapy, reveals the therapeutic value of the frequently ignored weak PTE/PDE, and demonstrates that synergizing with chemotherapy to overcome drug resistance does not necessarily require potent PTE/PDE.
A Water Dissolvable Electrolyte with an Ionic Liquid for Eco‐Friendly Electronics
Authors: Yamada Shunsuke , Toshiyoshi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA water‐dissolvable electrolyte is developed by combining an ionic liquid (IL) with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which decays over time by contact with water. An IL generally consists of two species of ions (anion and cation), and forms an electrical double layer (EDL) of a large electrostatic capacitance due to the ions accumulated in the vicinity of a conductive electrode when voltage is applied. In a similar manner, the ionic gel developed in this work forms an EDL due to the ions suspended in the conjugated polymer network while maintaining the gel form. Test measurements show a large capacitance of 13 µF cm−2 within the potential window of the IL. The ionic gel shows an electrical conductance of 20 µS cm−1 due to the ionic conduction, which depends on the weight ratio of the IL with respect to the polymer. The developed ionic gel dissolves into water in 16 h. Potential application includes the electrolyte in disposable electronics such as distributed sensors and energy harvesters that are supposed to be harmless to environment.
A Quadruple‐Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Binder for High‐Performance Silicon Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Guangzhao , Yang Yu , Chen Yunhua , Huang Jun , Zhang Tian , Zeng Hongbo , Wang Chaoyang , Liu Gao , Deng Yonghong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith extremely high specific capacity, silicon has attracted enormous interest as a promising anode material for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. However, silicon suffers from a large volume variation during charge/discharge cycles, which leads to the pulverization of the silicon and subsequent separation from the conductive additives, eventually resulting in rapid capacity fading and poor cycle life. Here, it is shown that the utilization of a self‐healable supramolecular polymer, which is facilely synthesized by copolymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate and an ureido‐pyrimidinone monomer followed by hydrolysis, can greatly reduce the side effects caused by the volume variation of silicon particles. The obtained polymer is demonstrated to have an excellent self‐healing ability due to its quadruple‐hydrogen‐bonding dynamic interaction. An electrode using this self‐healing supramolecular polymer as binder exhibits an initial discharge capacity as high as 4194 mAh g−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 86.4%, and maintains a high capacity of 2638 mAh g−1 after 110 cycles, revealing significant improvement of the electrochemical performance in comparison with that of Si anodes using conventional binders. The supramolecular binder can be further applicable for silicon/carbon anodes and therefore this supramolecular strategy may increase the choice of amendable binders to improve the cycle life and energy density of high‐capacity Li‐ion batteries.
Lanthanide‐Coordinated Black Phosphorus
Authors: Wu Lie , Wang Jiahong , Lu Jiang , Liu Danni , Yang Na , Huang Hao , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) possesses unique physical properties and, owing to its intrinsic instability, the proper surface and chemical coordination is the key point in many applications. Herein, a facile and efficient surface lanthanide‐coordination strategy based on lanthanide (Ln) sulfonate complexes is designed to passivate and functionalize different BP‐based nanostructures including quantum dots, nanosheets, and microflakes. By means of Ln–P coordination, the lone‐pair electrons of phosphorus are occupied, thus preventing oxidation of BP, and the LnL3@BP exhibits excellent stability in both air and water. Furthermore, accompanied by the original photothermal performance of BP nanostructures, the Gd‐coordinated BP has high R1relativities in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and other Ln (Tb, Eu, and Nd) coordinated BP structures exhibit fluorescence spanning the visible to near‐infrared regions. Not only is LnL3surface passivation an efficient method to enhance the stability of BP, but also the MR or fluorescence derived from lanthanide ions extends the application of BP to optoelectronics and biomedical engineering.
Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles Using 3‐Alkylidene Indolines as Versatile Precursors
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this personal account, our recent studies of novel synthetic methods of 3,4‐fused tricyclic indole derivatives using 3‐alkylidene indoline derivatives as versatile precursors are discussed. Two types of cascade reactions producing 3,4‐fused tricyclic 3‐alkylidene indolines were developed based on a palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular Heck insertion to an allene‐allylic amination cascade and a platinum‐catalyzed intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts type C−H coupling‐allylic amination cascade. Furthermore, three types of 3,4‐fused tricyclic indoles were accessible from a single 3‐alkylidene indoline precursor via acid‐promoted olefin isomerization or oxidative treatments. The application of the developed methods to the synthesis of natural products bearing a 3,4‐fused tricyclic indole skeleton, (−)‐aurantioclavine, fargesine, and synthetic studies of dragmacidin E are also highlighted.
F-theory on quotient threefolds with (2,0) discrete superconformal matter
Authors: Anderson Lara B. , Grassi Antonella , Gray James , Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe explore 6-dimensional compactifications of F-theory exhibiting (2, 0) superconformal theories coupled to gravity that include discretely charged superconformal matter. Beginning with F-theory geometries with Abelian gauge fields and superconformal sectors, we provide examples of Higgsing transitions which break the U(1) gauge symmetry to a discrete remnant in which the matter fields are also non-trivially coupled to a (2, 0) SCFT. In the compactification background this corresponds to a geometric transition linking two fibered Calabi-Yau geometries defined over a singular base complex surface. An elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefold with non-zero Mordell-Weil rank can be connected to asmoothnon-simply connected genus one fibered geometry constructed as a Calabi-Yau quotient. These hyperconifold transitions exhibit multiple fibers in co-dimension 2 over the base.
The Relationship Between the Supervisory Working Alliance and Student Self‐Efficacy in Genetic Counseling Training
Authors: Caldwell Sarah , Wusik Katie , He Hua , Yager Geoffrey , Atzinger Carrie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if a genetic counseling student's perception of the supervisory working alliance (SWA) is related to their self‐efficacy on select clinical practice‐based competencies (PBCs), evaluating the second tenet of the Reciprocal Engagement Model of Supervision (REM‐S) from a student perspective. Second year genetic counseling students (N = 168) completed a survey containing demographic and clinical rotation experience questions, the Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory‐Trainee Form (SWAI‐T), and the Genetic Counseling Self‐Efficacy Scale (GCSES). Overall, the SWAI‐T was significantly associated with all factors of the GCSES. Additionally, the relationship between the SWAI‐T and self‐efficacy was specific to those who had only one supervisor, thus highlighting the SWA may be most important under these circumstances. This serves as an important step in being able to guide supervisors toward effective methods in supervision, which may include encouraging supervisors to build a strong relationship with their supervisee in order to help strengthen the student's confidence in their clinical skills.
Disagreement, Certainties, Relativism
Authors: Kusch Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper seeks to widen the dialogue between the “epistemology of peer disagreement” and the epistemology informed by Wittgenstein’s last notebooks, later edited as On Certainty. The paper defends the following theses: (i) not all certainties are groundless; many of them are beliefs; and they do not have a common essence. (ii) An epistemic peer need not share all of my certainties. (iii) Which response (steadfast, conciliationist etc.) to a disagreement over a certainty is called for, depends on the type of certainty in question. Sometimes a form of relativism is the right response. (iv) Reasonable, mutually recognized peer disagreement over a certainty is possible.—The paper thus addresses both interpretative and systematic issues. It uses Wittgenstein as a resource for thinking about peer disagreement over certainties.
CEO succession and the CEO’s commitment to the status quo
Authors: Behr Henning , Fehre Kerstin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChief executive officer (CEO) commitment to the status quo (CSQ) is expected to play an important role in any firm’s strategic adaptation. CSQ is used often as an explanation for strategic change occurring after CEO succession: new CEOs are expected to reveal a lower CSQ than established CEOs. Although widely accepted in the literature, this relationship remains imputed but unobserved. We address this research gap and analyze whether new CEOs reveal lower CSQ than established CEOs. By analyzing the letters to the shareholders of German HDAX firms, we find empirical support for our hypothesis of a lower CSQ of newly appointed CEOs compared to established CEOs. However, our detailed analyses provide a differentiated picture. We find support for a lower CSQ of successors after a forced CEO turnover compared to successors after a voluntary turnover, which indicates an influence of the mandate for change on the CEO’s CSQ. However, against the widespread assumption, we do not find support for a lower CSQ of outside successors compared to inside successors, which calls for deeper analyses of the insiderness of new CEOs. Further, our supplementary analyses propose a revised tenure effect: the widely assumed relationship of an increase in CSQ when CEO tenure increases might be driven mainly by the event of CEO succession and may not universally and continuously increase over time, pointing to a “window of opportunity” to initiate strategic change shortly after the succession event. By analyzing the relationship between CEO succession and CEO CSQ, our results contribute to the CSQ literature and provide fruitful impulses for the CEO succession literature.
Trialogical Subsidiarity in International and Comparative Law: Engagement with International Treaties by Sub-State Entities as Resistance or Innovation
Authors: LIXINSKI LUCAS 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article proposes a new model for the engagement of sub-state units with the international legal order. “Trialogical subsidiarity” acknowledges that some areas are best regulated locally, but it also argues that international law has an increasing say in areas traditionally reserved for local law. The implementation of an international cultural heritage treaty by constituent units (CUs) in federal states, despite objections of the federal authorities, is a case study for the possibilities and implications of the use of international law by CUs without the filtering of the central state. This use enhances the legitimacy of international law and can lead to better outcomes for local populations, moving international law closer to its promise of being a law of peoples rather than of states.
China’s South China Sea Claims as “Unprecedented”: Sceptical Remarks
Authors: LORTEAU STEVE 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA solely legalistic analysis of China’s South China Sea claims has given way to speculation regarding their exact nature. Scholars and the tribunal inPhilippines v Chinahave collectively described China’s position as “ambiguous” and “vague.” For others, China’s regulatory framework sets dangerous new precedents in the areas of effective occupation, historic rights, and exclusive economic zones. This article seeks to nuance these assessments. Contextualizing China’s framework within a broader geopolitical project reveals a China exploiting historic legal precedents in a manner reminiscent of imperial America. This should cast doubt on those too quick to see China as a rule-breaking new power eager to upset international norms. Rather, China’s “Caribbean” is a microcosm for a new great power coming into its own following an existing model.