bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐institutional validation of the 8th AJCC TNM staging system for gastric cancer: Analysis of survival data from high‐volume Eastern centers and the SEER database
Authors: Son Taeil , Sun Jiyu , Choi Seohee , Cho Minah , Kwon In Gyu , Kim Hyoung‐Il , Cheong Jae‐Ho , Choi Seung Ho , Noh Sung Hoon , Woo Yanghee , Fong Yuman , Park Sohee , Hyung Woo Jin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical relevance and general applicability of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM gastric cancer staging system vs the 7th version have not been examined using datasets from both the East and West.MethodsPatients (n = 29 984) treated for gastric adenocarcinoma at two high‐volume centers (Severance Hospital [SH] and Gangnam Severance Hospital [GSH]) in Korea and data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were retrospectively analyzed. Survival curves, the performance of tumor staging, and the homogeneity of modified subgroups were compared.ResultsMinute changes were noted in the stage IIB subgroup; most changes were noted in stage III. Applying the 8th staging system facilitated better prediction of survival than applying the 7th version for SH data according to the log‐rank test, C‐index, and AIC (8444.5 vs 9263.8, 0.796 vs 0.798, and 104152 vs 103909, respectively). Its performance was also superior for GSH and SEER data. In a subgroup analysis of stages IIB to IIIC in SH, GSH, and SEER data, the 8th staging system showed similar or more homogeneous survival for each sub‐classification than the 7th version.ConclusionCompared with the 7th gastric cancer staging system, the newer version more accurately predicted prognosis and stratified subgroups more homogeneously.
Comparative Study of Pulsed Versus Continuous High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models
Authors: Wang Yanhao , Wang Qi , Luo Yong , Jiang Lu , Zeng Zihuan , Gan Lidan , Chen Jianli , Han Hongfei , Zou Jianzhong 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of pulsed high‐intensity focused ultrasound (PHIFU) versus continuous high‐intensity focused ultrasound (CHIFU) ablation at identical doses.MethodsContinuous and pulsed HIFU (1200 J) at duty cycles (DCs) of 60% and 20% were examined for their capacity to ablate bovine liver tissue in vitro and rabbit liver tissue in vivo. After ablation, grayscale changes and pathologic characteristics were observed or measured, and the tissue necrosis volume, energy efficiency factor, and average grayscale density were calculated.ResultsThe pulsed mode generated greater liquefaction necrosis. An inconspicuous grayscale change was observed for PHIFU at a DC of 20% in some samples, which appeared as an elliptical cavity. The energy efficiency factor of PHIFU at a DC of 60% was significantly lower than that of CHIFU, as observed both in vitro and in vivo (P < .05). The grayscale value and average grayscale density in response to CHIFU were significantly greater than those in response to PHIFU (60% or 20%;P < .05). Histopathologic analysis revealed liquefaction necrosis in all PHIFU groups.ConclusionsAt identical doses, compared with CHIFU, a single session of PHIFU can generate liquefaction necrosis and at a higher DC can improve ablation efficiency. This increased efficacy of PHIFU may involve enhancement of tissue destruction by cavitation effects and a reduction in the obstruction effect of endogenous microbubbles through cavitation effects or a more effective diffusion of heat.
Variation in physicochemical and biochemical soil properties among different plant species treatments early in the restoration of a desertified alpine meadow
Authors: Liu Lin , Zeng Kai , Wu Ning , Zhang Xinquan , Sun Feida , Chen Dongming , Gao Wuchao , Zhou Jiqiong , Zhao Jingxue , You Chengming , Sun Geng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSoil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass have important significance for biogeochemical cycles and are affected by vegetation restoration in degradation ecosystems. To explore the effects of replanting different plant species on soil restoration in a desertified alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau and to optimize the restoration process with locally appropriate plant species, the soil physicochemical and biochemical properties were measured beneath the plant speciesRhodiola kirilowii,Salix cupularis, andKengyilia rigidulaover two periods of vegetative growth (2 years and 5 years). The results showed that all the soil properties significantly improved over the recovery periods (p < .001) and the plant species significantly affected the patterns of soil bulk density, available resources, and biochemical properties (p < .05). However,R. kirilowiiimproved soil properties most significantly among the three plant species as the recovery time elapsed, and these improvements were strongly related to the greatest fresh vegetation biomass and coverage. Furthermore,R. kirilowiienhanced microbial biomass phosphorus even more, which is an important available phosphorus stock in the soil, and more effectively promoted the development of soil fungi than the two other species. Therefore, we suggest thatR. kirilowiiis the preferred species of the three to expedite the recovery of desertified alpine soil, and that the appropriate addition of P fertilizer and propelling the development of specific fungi groups in the soil are key to soil restoration in the desertified alpine meadow.
Plant restoration leads to divergent sequestration of soil carbon and nitrogen in different fractions in an arid desert region
Authors: Jia Xiao‐hong , Li Yuan‐shou , Wu Bo , Lu Qi , Li Xin‐rong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSoil organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) associated with particle size fractions can be used as sensitive indicators to evaluate impacts of land use change on soil total OC (TOC) and total N (TN) pools. Aeolian sandy‐soils were collected from seven sites in the Tengger Desert, representing a 56‐year chronosequence of plant restoration at decadal intervals in an arid desert region. Bulk soils were separated into silt + clay (<53 μm), fine sand (53–100 μm), and coarse sand (>100 μm) fractions. TOC and TN concentrations of bulk soil and their levels associated with particle size fractions were analyzed. Results showed that plant restoration promoted C and N sequestration in both topsoil and subsoil layers over time, as indicated by elevated levels of OC and N associated with silt + clay and sand fractions. TOC and TN concentrations of 56‐year restored topsoil respectively increased by 31‐ and 43‐fold than did the control (moving dunes); corresponding levels associated with silt + clay or coarse sand fraction respectively increased by more than 30‐ and 20‐fold, whereas less than 15‐fold increases were found in fine sand fraction. In the early stages of plant restoration, both C and N sequestration primarily resulted from finer particle size fractions. In the later stages, increased C sequestration was principally derived from coarse sand fraction, whereas N sequestration was mainly derived from silt + clay fraction. The results highlight that plant restoration stage and soil textural change are key factors leading to divergent soil C and N sequestration in the arid desert region.
Effects of Low‐Level Laser Irradiation in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Bae Jun‐Sang , Kim Sang Hyub , Kim Jie Hye , Kim Eun Hee , Lyu Lele , Chung Phil Sang , Mo Ji‐Hun 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesTo evaluate the antiallergic effect of low‐level laser irradiation (LLLI) at 650 nm in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR), and to examine the underlying mechanisms.Study Design/Materials and MethodsBALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum and challenged intranasally with OVA. Straight‐ and diffusion‐type LLLI were applied directly into the intranasal cavity of the mice once daily for 10 days (650 nm, 5 mW, 15 min/day) and multiple allergic parameters were evaluated.ResultsLLLI reduced allergic symptoms, such as rubbing and sneezing, and suppressed the serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), OVA‐specific IgE, and OVA‐specific IgG1 levels. Diffusion‐type LLLI significantly reduced eosinophil infiltration of nasal mucosa and lymph nodes (LNs). LLLI reduced the expression of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐17 in cervical LN and splenocyte culture supernatant, as well as their messenger RNA levels in nasal mucosa. However, the expression of interferonγ (IFN‐γ) and IL‐6 was unaffected by LLLI. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in LN cells and the nasal mucosa, which were increased in the AR group, were reduced by LLLI, suggesting involvement of ROS and NO within their mechanism.ConclusionsLLLI exerted an antiallergic effect by decreasing local and systemic IL‐4, IL‐17, and IgE levels, as well as eosinophilic infiltration into the nasal mucosa, in a mouse model of AR by modulating ROS and NO levels. Diffusion‐type LLLI exhibited greater efficacy against AR than straight‐type LLLI. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Prognostic Value of Adding Narrow‐Band Imaging in Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Early Glottic Cancer: A Review
Authors: Campo Flaminia , D'Aguanno Vittorio , Greco Antonio , Ralli Massimo , de Vincentiis Marco 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesTransoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is a universally recognized safe and minimally invasive approach for early glottic cancer. Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an optical technique working with a filtered light that reveals superficial mucosal abnormalities through the neoangiogenic pattern. The aim of this systematic review is to demonstrate the role of intraoperative NBI during TLM for early glottic cancer to better evaluate tumor extension and for more precise margin resection.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA guidelines was performed. A literature search was performed using the following keywords: TLM, NBI, and early glottic cancer. Two independent authors evaluated the extracted data. Data regarding status of surgical margins after TLM, local recurrence, recurrence‐free survival, and need of additional samples following NBI were collected.ResultsFive articles met inclusion criteria with a total of 577 patients undergoing TLM with intraoperative NBI. A significant reduction of positive superficial margins was found in patients treated with (52%) and without (28.6%) intraoperative use of NBI (P < 0.05)ConclusionsRoutine use of intraoperative NBI increases the accuracy of neoplastic superficial spreading evaluation and accuracy of mass resection during TLM for early glottic cancer. The significant reduction of superficial positive margins dramatically decreases the number of patients at risk and improves clinical outcomes. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low detail future variety: Providing affective relief during repetitive music consumption
Authors: Mead James A. , Hardesty David M. , Scott Maura L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConsumers have access to vast libraries of online music, which they often choose to consume repetitively. Given that enjoyment often declines with recurrent consumption (satiation), music streaming services face a unique challenge; providing customers access to the content that they want, without devaluing their experience when customers repetitively consume the available content. The present research demonstrates that providing consumers with a low detail description (e.g., providing a customer a general idea of the genre of music that will be played, but not the exact artist and song) of future variety can extend their present music enjoyment during repetitive consumption episodes. Mediation results indicate that low detail future variety slows satiation by reducing the amount of negative affect consumers experience in the present, which functions to extend their music enjoyment. Moderation results indicate the main effect of low detail descriptions future variety on consumers’ satiation response is magnified for consumers high in emotional intelligence, providing additional evidence of the proposed affective process mechanism and identifying an important individual difference as a boundary condition.
CDK4/6 inhibitor protects chemerin‐induced human granulosa‐lutein cells from apoptosis by inhibiting the p53/p21waf pathway
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Lili , Shan Yanhong , Jia Chunshu , Xu Ying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDysregulation of the cell cycle is common in human tumorigenesis. Therefore, CDK4/6 inhibitors targeting the cell cycle have been developed, and their antiapoptotic effects have been highly correlated with potential clinical therapies. The aim of this study was to identify the regulatory effect of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib on chemerin‐induced apoptosis of immortalized human granulosa‐lutein (hGL) cells and to elucidate its fundamental mechanism of action. Palbociclib enhanced antioxidative enzyme generation and diminished ROS generation in hGL cells. Furthermore, we found that palbociclib suppressed chemerin‐induced apoptotic protein expression, reversing the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio and inhibiting the p53/p21
waf pathway. Eventually, palbociclib decreased the level of cleaved caspase‐3 and ‐9, hindering the apoptosis of hGL cells. In general, the antiapoptotic efficacy of palbociclib could be attributed in part to the modulation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in hGL cells.
Lamina propria: The connective tissue of rat urinary bladder mucosa
Authors: Gabella Giorgio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo describe and illustrate the structure of the propria, the bladder of adult rats was fixed in controlled conditions of distension and examined by light and electron microscopy. The lamina propria, ~50 µm thick in the distended bladder, consists of a superficial part (the cellular component), adjacent to the urothelium, rich in nerves, capillaries, fibroblasts and thin bundles of collagen, and a deep, thicker part (the fibrous component), adjacent to the detrusor, rich in large collagen fibres and with few fibroblasts. In the cellular part there is an extensive plexus of afferent nerve fibers and a dense capillary network (with numerous pericytes), lying close to the urothelium, that is unique to the bladder. The main resident cells are fibroblasts, adhering to each other at the end of laminar extensions without forming specialized junctions. The deep part of the lamina propria is made of thick collagen fibers, interwoven and crisscrossing each other, with a few fibroblasts in the interstitial spaces between them. In summary, the superficial part of the lamina propria has most of the bladder afferent nerves, contains many fibroblasts and has a network of suburothelial capillaries. The deep part as a whole forms an ovoid balloon of woven fibrous material that is acted upon by the detrusor musculature attached to its outer surface. The lamina propria is a strong fibrous barrier between urothelium and musculature. The abundance of collagen points to the main role for its fibroblasts, that is, the production of collagen fibrils, assisting the mechanical role of the lamina propria.
Design, delivery and evaluation of a simulation‐based workshop for health professional students on falls prevention in acute care settings
Authors: Kiegaldie Debra , Nestel Debra , Pryor Elizabeth , Williams Cylie , Bowles Kelly‐Ann , Maloney Stephen , Haines Terry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the design, delivery and evaluation outcomes of a simulation‐based educational workshop to teach a patient‐centred falls prevention strategy to health professional students tasked with implementing the strategy during clinical placement.BackgroundFalls are among the most common and costly threat to patient safety. The Safe Recovery Programme (SRP) is an evidence‐based, one‐to‐one communication approach with demonstrated efficacy at preventing falls in the postgraduate context. Simulation‐based education (SBE) is commonly used to address issues of patient safety but has not been widely incorporated into falls prevention.MethodsThis study was a Pre–Post‐test intervention design. Health professional students were taught how to deliver the SRP in an SBE workshop. The workshop incorporated content delivery, role‐play simulations and interactions with a simulated patient. Students completed surveys immediately before and after the workshop and after clinical placement. Linear and logistic regression analysis was undertaken to identify differences within each pairwise comparison at the three time points. Qualitative free text responses underwent content analysis.ResultsThere were 178 students trained. The educational design of the programme described in this paper was highly valued by students. Following the workshop, students' falls knowledge increased and they correctly identified evidence‐based strategies except bedrail use and patient sitters. Following clinical placement, fewer SBE students correctly identified evidence surrounding bed alarm use. Students became more confident about falls communication post‐SBE; however, this confidence decreased postclinical placement. Motivation to implement the SRP decreased between postworkshop and postclinical placement time points.ConclusionsFalls research often includes educational components but previous studies have failed to adequately describe educational methods. Students learnt about best evidence falls prevention strategies using interactive educational methodologies with a workshop viewed by students as being well‐designed and assisting their learning from theory to practice.While students valued the delivery of the SRP using SBE, confidence and motivation to implement falls strategies were not sustained following clinical placement. A programme of education including SBE can be used to support the delivery of falls‐based education, but further research is needed to identify what factors may influence student's motivation and confidence to implement falls prevention strategies during clinical placement.
Weight Loss Experiences of African American, Hispanic, and Non‐Hispanic White Men and Women with Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Trial
Authors: West Delia Smith , Dutton Gareth , Delahanty Linda M. , Hazuda Helen P. , Rickman Amy D. , Knowler William C. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Neiberg Rebecca H. , Peters Anne , Gee Molly , Cassidy Begay Maria ,   the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize weight loss, treatment engagement, and weight control strategies utilized by African American, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic white participants in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Intensive Lifestyle Intervention by racial/ethnic and sex subgroups.MethodsWeight losses at 1, 4, and 8 years among 2,361 adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes randomized to intervention (31% minority; 42% men) are reported by subgroup. Multivariable models within subgroups examine relative contributions of treatment engagement variables and self‐reported weight control behaviors.ResultsAll subgroups averaged weight losses ≥ 5% in year 1 but experienced regain; losses ≥ 5% were sustained at year 8 by non‐Hispanic white participants and minority women (but not men). Session attendance was high (≥ 86%) in year 1 and exceeded protocol‐specified minimum levels into year 8. Individual session attendance had stronger associations with weight loss among Hispanic and African American participants than non‐Hispanic white participants at 4 years (P = 0.04) and 8 years (P = 0.001). Daily self‐weighing uptake was considerable in all subgroups and was a prominent factor associated with year 1 weight loss among African American men and women. Greater meal replacement use was strongly associated with poorer 1‐year weight losses among African American women.ConclusionsExperiences of minority men and women with diabetes in lifestyle interventions fill important gaps in the literature that can inform treatment delivery.
Mechanistic Insights into a Sustainable Mechanochemical Synthesis of Ettringite
Authors: Stroh Julia , Feiler Torvid , Zafar Ali Naveed , Minas da Piedade Manuel E. , Emmerling Franziska 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMechanochemistry offers an environmentally benign and facile synthesis method for a variety of cement paste constituents. In addition, these methods can be used to selectively tune the properties of cement components. The mineral ettringite is an important component of cementitious materials and has additional technological potential due to its ion exchange properties. Synthesis of ettringite via mechanochemistry is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional wet‐chemical synthesis established in industry. This contribution explores the mechanism of a two‐step mechanochemical synthesis of ettringite, which was previously found to greatly improve the reaction conversion as compared with one‐pot synthesis. The crystallinity of Al(OH)3 was found to decrease during the first stage of this mechanochemical synthesis. This was correlated to a significant decrease in the particle size of Al(OH)3 in this stage. No other significant changes were found for the other components, suggesting that mechanochemical activation of Al(OH)3 is responsible for the enhanced formation of ettringite by the two‐step approach. The environmentally friendly approach developed for ettringite synthesis offers a versatile synthetic strategy, which can be applied to synthesise further cementitious materials.
Challenges in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Recommendations from the North American Consortium for Histiocytosis (NACHO)
Authors: Jordan Michael B. , Allen Carl E. , Greenberg Jay , Henry Michael , Hermiston Michelle L. , Kumar Ashish , Hines Melissa , Eckstein Olive , Ladisch Stephan , Nichols Kim E. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Wistinghausen Birte , McClain Kenneth L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of pathologic immune activation, often associated with genetic defects of lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Though a distinctive constellation of features has been described for HLH, diagnosis remains challenging as patients have diverse presentations associated with a variety of triggers. We propose two concepts to clarify how HLH is diagnosed and treated: within the broader syndrome of HLH, “HLH disease” should be distinguished from “HLH disease mimics” and HLH subtypes should be categorized by specific etiologic associations, not the ambiguous dichotomy of “primary” and “secondary.” We provide expert‐based advice regarding the diagnosis and initiation of treatment for patients with HLH, rooted in improved understanding of its pathophysiology.