bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical evaluation of two benzimidazole derivatives for steel corrosion protection in HCl
Authors: Zafari Sakineh , Sarabi Ali Asghar , Movassagh Barahman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe introduction of two new benzimidazole derivatives, 2‐nonyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole (NB) and 2‐benzyl‐1‐hexyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole (HB), as corrosion inhibitors for steel is presented, and their activities are compared with 1H‐benzo[d]imidazole (B). The experimental performance of these molecules was evaluated by electrochemical techniques, surface observations, and contact angle measurement. The results showed the prominent action with inhibition efficiencies of 98.8% and 99.3% for 3 mM of NB and HB, respectively, at 303K. They are adsorbed on the metal surface base on Langmuir isotherm. It is noteworthy to note that increment of environment acidity causes more efficiency for both molecules so that the order of inhibitive activity in different pHs is pH = 2>pH = 1>pH = 0.1. Additionally, HB provides little better protection than NB. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify influential factors on the efficiency of HB and NB. A general factorial model in the main effect order was used by design of experiment 7 software. Analysis of variance resulted in acceptable R2 values of 99% and 98% and significance of the applied model. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to find the optimum structure, molecular parameters, and local reactive sites in gas and solution phase. Calculations exhibited a planar structure for 1‐hexyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole and 2‐nonyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole that is the reason of their high efficiencies.
Microscopic morphology, rheological behavior, and mechanical properties of polymers: Recycled acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene/polybutylene terephthalate blends
Authors: He Hezhi , Zhan Zhiming , Zhu Zhiwen , Xue Bin , Li Jiqian , Chen Ming , Wang Guozhen 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, styrene‐acrylonitrile‐glycidyl methacrylate (SAG) series copolymers were specially designed for producing the recycled acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (rABS)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/SAG blends, which were prepared through the process of continuous melt blending and batch feeding. The effects of viscosity composition, SAG chemical composition, and SAG content on the morphology, and rheological and mechanical properties of the blends have been investigated. As demonstrated by morphological observation, the variety of viscosity composition of the blends affects the size of dispersed PBT droplets. Moreover, high viscosity of rABS matrix seems to facilitate the formation of smaller dispersed phase size of blends. Various SAG chemical compositions have different stabilities on the morphology of the blends, which affects the deformation, fragmentation, and coalescence of dispersed phase droplets. In addition, a finer phase morphology can be achieved when the density distribution of epoxy group is optimal in SAG copolymer. Rheological characterization manifested that the rheological properties of the blends depends strongly on its composition and structure, while the crosslinking degree is associated with the concentration of reactive groups and extent of reaction. Thereby, the rheological behavior of the blends during processing can be controlled by changing the reactive sequence and adding the quantity of epoxy group. The test on mechanical properties verified that a recycled product with excellent performance can be obtained by altering processing methods and the blends formula, which may be further applied to the 3D printing materials required by fused deposition modeling technology. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48310.
Development of porous fabric‐hydrogel composite membranes with enhanced ion permeability for microalgal cultivation in the ocean
Authors: Kim Jongmin Q. , Choi Younghoon , Kim Youngtae , Lee Jin‐Kyun , Lee Jin Hyun , Park Hanwool , Lim Sang‐Min , Lee Choul‐Gyun , Lee Dae Sung , Na Yang‐Ho 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis article presents a strategy to develop the porous fabric‐hydrogel composite membranes (PFHCMs) with high nitrate ion (NO3−, a source of a main nutrient, nitrogen) permeability and sufficient mechanical strength required for microalgal cultivation in the ocean. The porous structure in the PFHCMs is generated by using three different types of porogens: water‐soluble macromolecules, surfactant micelles, and CaCO3 microparticles. Various PFHCMs, composed mainly of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels and cotton fabric, are prepared with varying the content of monomer, initiator, and crosslinker and the type and content of porogen. Their morphological, physical, and mechanical properties are characterized for variables. Among three porogens, the surfactant micelles with a large enough amount produce the optimal PFHCMs with NO3− ion permeability coefficient (5.49 × 10−8 m2 min−1, approximately 5 and 20 times higher than those of the fabric‐hydrogel composite membranes, synthesized without any porogen in a previous work, and the commercial cellulose acetate membranes, respectively). Their mechanical strength (i.e., the ultimate stress is 9.37 MPa) is high enough for practical uses. Therefore, these PFHCMs are good candidate membranes in microalgal cultivation for biorefinery and other biomedical applications, including wound dressings. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48324.
Lanthanide‐Based Layer‐Type Two‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers Featuring Slow Magnetic Relaxation, Magnetocaloric Effect and Proton Conductivity
Authors: Bera Siba Prasad , Mondal Arpan , Konar Sanjit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThree lanthanide‐based two‐dimensional (2D) coordination polymers (CPs), [Ln(L)(H2O)2]n, {H3L=(HO)2P(O)CH2CO2H; Ln=Dy3+ (CP 1), Er3+ (CP 2)} and [{Gd2(L)2(H2O)3}.H2O]n, (CP 3) were hydrothermally synthesized using phosphonoacetic acid as a linker. Structural features revealed that the dinuclear Ln3+ nodes were present in the 2D sheet of CP 1 and CP 2 while in the case of CP 3, nodes were further connected to each other forming a chain‐type arrangement throughout the network. The magnetic studies show field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation property in CP 1 and CP 2 with Ueff values of 72 K (relaxation time, τ0=3.05×10−7 s) and 38.42 K (relaxation time, τ0=4.60×10−8 s) respectively. Ab‐initio calculations suggest that the g tensor of Kramers doublet of the lanthanide ion (Dy3+ and Er3+) is strongly axial in nature which reflects in the slow magnetic relaxation behavior of both CPs. CP 3 exhibits a significant magnetocaloric effect with −ΔSm=49.29 J kg−1 K−1, one of the highest value among the reported 2D CPs. Moreover, impedance analysis of all the CPs show high proton conductivity with values of 1.13×10−6 S cm−1, 2.73×10−3 S cm−1 and 2, 6.27×10−6 S cm−1 for CPs 1–3, respectively, at high temperature (>75 °C) and maximum 95 % relative humidity (RH).
Variable sampling interval Shewhart control charts for monitoring the multivariate coefficient of variation
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Thong , Tran Kim Phuc , Heuchenne Henri L. , Nguyen Thi Hien , Nguyen Huu Du 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn many industrial manufacturing processes, the ratio of the variance to the mean of a quantity of interest is an important characteristic to ensure the quality of the processes. This ratio is called the coefficient of variation (CV). A lot of control charts have been designed for monitoring the CV of univariate quantity in the literature. However, the CV control charts for multivariate quantity have not received much attention yet. In this paper, we investigate a variable sampling interval (VSI) Shewhart control chart for monitoring multivariate CV. The time between two consecutive samples is allowed to vary according to the previous value of the multivariate CV, which will help the chart to detect the process shifts faster. The comparison with the fixed sampling interval Shewhart chart is implemented to highlight the advantage of the VSI method. Finally, an illustrative example is demonstrated on real data.
Qualitative study of clinician and patient perspectives on the mode of anaesthesia for emergency surgery
Authors: Dooley J , Armstrong R A , Jepson M , Squire Y , Hinchliffe R J , Mouton R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Although delivering a chosen mode of anaesthesia for certain emergency surgery procedures is potentially beneficial to patients, it is a complex intervention to evaluate. This qualitative study explored clinician and patient perspectives about mode of anaesthesia for emergency surgery.

Methods
Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants from eight National Health Service Trusts that cover the following three emergency surgery settings: ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, hip fractures and inguinal hernias. A qualitative researcher conducted interviews with clinicians and patients. Thematic analysis was applied to the interview transcripts.

Results
Interviews were conducted with 21 anaesthetists, 21 surgeons, 14 operating theatre staff and 23 patients. There were two main themes. The first, impact of mode of anaesthesia in emergency surgery, had four subthemes assessing clinician and patient ideas about: context and the ‘best’ mode of anaesthesia; balance in choosing it over others; change and developments in anaesthesia; and the importance of mode of anaesthesia in emergency surgery. The second, tensions in decision-making about mode of anaesthesia, comprised four subthemes: clinical autonomy and guidelines in anaesthesia; conforming to norms in mode of anaesthesia; the relationship between expertise, preference and patient involvement; and team dynamics in emergency surgery. The results highlight several interlinking factors affecting decision-making, including expertise, preference, habit, practicalities, norms and policies.

Conclusion
There is variation in practice in choosing the mode of anaesthesia for surgery, alongside debate as to whether anaesthetic autonomy is necessary or results in a lack of willingness to change.
Using GPU to accelerate the pairwise structural RNA alignment with base pair probabilities
Authors: Sundfeld Daniel , Teodoro George , Havgaard Jakob H. , Gorodkin Jan , Melo Alba C. M. A. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryStructural alignments of Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequences solved by the Sankoff algorithm are computationally expensive and often require constraints to be used in practice. Modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) contain more than 1000 cores, which compute in parallel to speed up applications. Here, we present a GPU‐based solution to the RNA structural alignment problem that makes use of precalculated base pair probabilities on the individual sequences. We designed and developed an unconstrained version of the Sankoff algorithm, obtaining the optimal result and calculating the entire four‐dimension dynamic programming matrix (4D DP). Our approach uses a two‐level wavefront strategy to exploit parallelism. The 4D DP matrix is divided in one external matrix (EM) and several internal matrices (IM). We applied wavefront strategies on the EM and IMs in a two‐level hierarchical way. At the first level, the wavefront is applied to the EM, calculating the cells that belong to the same diagonal in parallel. In the second level, since each cell in the EM is itself an IM matrix, the cells that belong to the same IM diagonal are calculated in parallel. The results obtained with real RNA sequences show that our GPU version is capable of outperforming a multicore CPU version of the unconstrained version of the Sankoff algorithm. Compared with the CPU‐based version running on 32 cores, our approach is able to achieve a speedup of 7.81x on the NVidia Tesla P100. In this case, the execution time was reduced from 6 hours and 18 minutes (32 cores) to 48 minutes and 20 seconds (GPU).
Epilepsy analysis using open source EDF tools for information science and data analytics
Authors: Gurumoorthy Sasikumar , Muppalaneni Naresh Babu , Sekhar Chandra , Sandhya Kumari Golla 
Published: August 2019

SummaryElectroencephalogram (EEG) is the signals that measure the electrical variances of brain using metal electrodes. We observe the EEG signals by using European Data Format (EDF) BROWSER and EEG STUDIO. By using EDF BROWSER, we can get the mean and frequency from the filtered output signal using band‐pass filter. Using EDF BROWSER, we can also perform Root Mean Square (RMS) and signal samples. Using EEG STUDIO, we can analyze the average frequency and standard deviation. Epileptic seizure prediction and detection are done by spike detection, frequency domain analysis, and nonlinear methods. EEG signal contains different artifacts like electrooculography (EOG), EKG, and electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG signals are produced by heart. EOG signals are produced by eyes. EMG signals are produced by muscle coordination.
The effects of individual nonheritable variation on fitness estimation and coexistence
Authors: Gomes M. Gabriela M. , King Jessica G. , Nunes Ana , Colegrave Nick , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDemographic theory and data have emphasized that nonheritable variation in individual frailty enables selection within cohorts, affecting the dynamics of a population while being invisible to its evolution. Here, we include the component of individual variation in longevity or viability which is nonheritable in simple bacterial growth models and explore its ecological and evolutionary impacts. First, we find that this variation produces consistent trends in longevity differences between bacterial genotypes when measured across stress gradients. Given that direct measurements of longevity are inevitably biased due to the presence of this variation and ongoing selection, we propose the use of the trend itself for obtaining more exact inferences of genotypic fitness. Second, we show how species or strain coexistence can be enabled by nonheritable variation in longevity or viability. These general conclusions are likely to extend beyond bacterial systems.
Positive plant–plant interactions expand the upper distributional limits of some vascular plant species
Authors: Raath‐Krüger Morgan J. , McGeoch Melodie A. , Schöb Christian , Greve Michelle , le Roux Peter C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiotic interactions can shape species’ distributions through their impact on species’ realized niches, potentially constraining or expanding the range of conditions under which species occur. We examine whether fine‐scale plant–plant interactions scale up to shape broad‐scale species’ distributions, using Azorella selago, a widespread cushion plant that facilitates other species, and the rest of the vascular flora of sub‐Antarctic Marion Island as a model system. We compared the upper elevational distributional limit of each species when growing on vs. away from A. selago to test how the interaction with this cushion plant species affects species’ ranges. Three out of 19 vascular plant species occurred at higher altitudes in the presence of A. selago than in the absence of A. selago: Acaena magellanica (+26 m higher), Colobanthus kerguelensis (+37 m higher), and Lycopodium saururus (+19 m higher). Therefore, A. selago's fine‐scale impacts scaled up to shape the distribution of a subset of the vascular flora of Marion Island. Plant–plant interactions thus have the potential to expand species upper distributional limits by increasing the niche space that a species can occupy, although the influence of these interactions may be strongly species‐specific.
Shale gas transport behavior considering dynamic changes in effective flow channels
Authors: Chen Mingjun , Kang Yili , Zhang Tingshan , Li Xiangchen , Lin Chong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractShale gas transport is influenced by the changes in effective flow channels during production due to an effective stress sensitivity and a sorption layer effect. In this work, shale samples’ core analyses, methane adsorption experiments, and effective stress sensitivity experiments were conducted at in situ conditions. Then, a mathematical modeling was applied to quantitatively determine the real shale gas flow behavior considering the changes in effective flow channels during production. The results show that (1) the gas transport capability in matrix has an obvious tendency of increase in the mid‐late production period; (2) the decline of permeability of inorganic pores/fractures tends to be gentler during production, especially for the smaller flow channels; (3) surface diffusion is dominant in shale matrix throughout production; (4) the contribution of Knudsen diffusion to total gas flux cannot be neglected in flow channels with hydraulic radius of tens of nanometers in the early production period or of tens and hundreds of nanometers in the mid‐late production period; and (5) viscous flow generally dominates the total gas flux in flow channels with hydraulic radius more than 10 nm in the early production period or more than 100 nm in the mid‐late production period. This work is beneficial for an accurate evaluation of shale gas transport during production.
Wave impacts on coastal cliffs: Do bigger waves drive greater ground motion?
Authors: Thompson Catriona F. , Young Adam P. , Dickson Mark E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoastal cliff erosion is caused by a combination of marine forcing and sub‐aerial processes, but linking cliff erosion to the environmental drivers remains challenging. One key component of these drivers is energy transfer from wave–cliff interaction. The aim of this study is to directly observe cliff ground motion in response to wave impacts at an individual wave scale. Measurements are described from two coastal cliff sites: a 45‐minute pilot study in southern California, USA and a 30‐day deployment in Taranaki, New Zealand. Seismometers, pressure sensors and video are used to compare cliff‐top ground motions with water depth, significant wave height (Hs) and wave impact types to examine cliff ground motion response. Analyses of the dataset demonstrate that individual impact events can be discriminated as discrete events in the seismic signal. Hourly mean ground motion increases with incident Hs, but the largest hourly peak ground motions occurred across a broad range of incident Hs (0.9–3.7 m), including during relatively calm conditions. Mean hourly metrics therefore smooth the short‐term dynamics of wave–cliff interaction; hence, to fully assess wave impact energy transfer to cliffs, it is important also to consider peak ground motion. Video analyses showed that the dominant control on peak ground motion magnitude was wave impact type rather than incident Hs. Wave–cliff impacts where breaking occurs directly onto the cliff face consistently produced greater ground motion compared to broken or unbroken wave impacts: breaking, broken and unbroken impacts averaged peak ground motion of 287, 59 and 38 μm s−1, respectively. The results illustrate a novel link between wave impact forcing and cliff ground motion response using individual wave field measurements, and highlight the influence of wave impact type on peak energy transfer to coastal cliffs. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular identification of mung bean accessions (Vigna radiata L.) from Northeast China using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence‐labeled SSR markers
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Wang Ying , Wang Lixia , Zhang Dongjie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to construct the DNA fingerprinting and query system with which to identify mung bean varieties from Northeast China. Eight primer pairs for fluorescent‐labeled simple sequence repeat markers with high polymorphism and a strong discrimination ability were used to detect 151 mung bean varieties from Northeast China. A total of 59 bands were detected, ranging from 4 to 11 with an average of 7.4. An unweighted pair group method analysis was used to cluster the mung bean varieties into five separate groups according to their genetic characteristics, which were consistent with the results of principal component analysis. Unique identification cards and barcodes with which each variety can be identified were established according to fingerprinting. A query system was also established which can provide the information and genetic relationships among some indefinite variety and mung bean varieties from Northeast China. This research will significantly assist in identification, traceability management, protection of origin, and intellectual property rights. It will also provide essential technical support for revealing the level of genetic diversity for breeding and germplasm innovation of mung bean varieties in Northeast China.
Composition, and antioxidant and enzyme‐inhibition activities, of essential oils from Satureja thymbra and Thymbra spicata var. spicata
Authors: Kirkan Bulent , Sarikurkcu Cengiz , Amarowicz Ryszard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis research sought to characterize the essential oils of Satureja thymbra and Thymbra spicata var. spicata in terms of composition as well as their antioxidant and enzyme‐inhibitory activities. The major components of essential oil derived from S. thymbra were found to be γ‐terpinene (34.67%), carvacrol (32.45%), p‐cymene (11.46%), and β‐caryophyllene (6.85%). In the essential oil derived from T. spicata var. spicata the most abundant compounds were carvacrol (63.23%), γ‐terpinene (18.94%), and p‐cymene (8.31%). The essential oils exhibited antioxidant properties, based on ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays, as well as antiradical activity against superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ion chelating activity. The essential oils were found to have inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, and α‐glucosidase. Considering the results obtained, the essential oils from both plants can be used as ingredients in pharmaceuticals or as natural additives in the food industry for promoting health.
The prevention of child drowning: the causal factors and social determinants impacting fatalities in portable pools
Authors: Peden Amy E. , Franklin Richard C. , Pearn John H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIssue addressedThere is a scarcity of research into portable pool drowning and its prevention. This total population study examines fatal drowning among children under five in portable pools in Australia.MethodsAll child drowning deaths in portable pools for the period 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2018 were identified. A portable pool was defined as any structure used for swimming and wading which, when emptied, can be moved.ResultsTwenty‐three children (aged 0‐17 years) drowned in portable pools. The drowning rate for children less than 5 years of age was 0.09 per 100 000 population. The peak age of death was 12‐23 months (RR = 2.99; CI: 1.09‐8.23), with the majority (n = 20 deaths) aged 16‐31 months. Ninety per cent followed a fall into water. None were supervised. Children commonly resided in areas classified as socially and economically disadvantaged (85%; n = 17). Drowning rates in very remote areas were 15 times greater (RR = 15.41; CI: 0.03‐7579.65) than city children. Eleven (55%) drowning deaths occurred in pools with a depth >300 mm, of which 10 (91%) were known to be unfenced.ConclusionsSocial determinants impact child drowning in portables pools, which can occur quickly and in just 150 mm of water. Active supervision and a regulation‐compliant barrier are effective prevention stratagems, factors which were absent from the deaths in this study.So what?Portable pool drowning disproportionately impacts those aged 16‐31 months who reside in very remote areas and areas classified as having high socio‐economic disadvantage. Education for these groups on fencing and supervision of children must be provided.