bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Various Ways of Adiabatic Expansion in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and in Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC)
Authors: Imre Attila R. , Groniewsky Axel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
For energy production and conversion, the use of thermodynamic cycles is still the most common way. To find the optimal solution is a multiparametric optimization problem, where some parameters are related to thermodynamic and physical chemistry, while others are associated with costs, safety, or even environmental issues. Concerning the thermodynamic aspects of the design, the selection of the working fluid is one of the crucial points. Here, we are going to show different types of adiabatic expansion processes in various pure working fluids, pointing out the ones preferred in Organic Rankine Cycles or in Trilateral Flash Cycles. The effect of these expansions on the layout of the cycles will also be presented. Finally, we are giving a few thumb-rules, derived from thermodynamic studies, useful for energy engineers to select the proper working fluid for a given thermal system.
Alpine ice-core evidence for the transformation of the European monetary system, AD 640–670
Authors: Loveluck Christopher P. , McCormick Michael , Spaulding Nicole E. , Clifford Heather , Handley Michael J. , Hartman Laura , Hoffmann Helene , Korotkikh Elena V. , Kurbatov Andrei V. , More Alexander F. , Sneed Sharon B. , Mayewski Paul A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Sex Differences in Mortality and Morbidity of Infants Born at Less Than 30 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: Boghossian Nansi S. , Geraci Marco , Edwards Erika M. , Horbar Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To examine whether changes in mortality and morbidities have benefited male more than female infants.

METHODS:
Infants of gestational ages 22 to 29 weeks born between January 2006 and December 2016 at a Vermont Oxford Network center in the United States were studied. We examined mortality and morbidity rate differences and 95% confidence intervals by sex and birth year. We tested temporal differences in mortality and morbidity rates between boys and girls by means of a likelihood ratio test (LRT) on nested binomial regression models with log links.

RESULTS:
A total of 205 750 infants were studied; 97 048 (47.2%) infants were girls. The rate for mortality and chronic lung disease decreased over time faster for boys than for girls (LRT P &lt; .001 for mortality; P = .006 for lung disease). Restricting to centers that remained throughout the entire study period did not change all the above but additionally revealed a significant year-sex interaction for respiratory distress syndrome, with a faster decline among boys (LRT P = .04). Morbidities, including patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, severe retinopathy of prematurity, and pneumothorax, revealed a constant rate difference between boys and girls over time.

CONCLUSIONS:
Compared with girls, male infants born at &lt;30 weeks’ gestation experienced faster declines in mortality, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic lung disease over an 11-year period. Future research should investigate which causes of death declined among boys and whether their improved survival has been accompanied by a change in their neurodevelopmental impairment rate.
Evaluación e intervención educativa en el aula con alumnado disruptivo dentro del marco de una escuela inclusiva
Authors: Badia Martín M.del Mar , Daura Luján Gisela 
Published: November 2018

La investigación Evaluación e intervención educativa con alumnos disruptivos dentro del marco de una escuela inclusiva, de la cual se deriva este artículo, se ha realizado durante el primer y segundo trimestre del curso escolar 2015-2016. El objetivo principal ha sido evaluar a los agentes implicados en el aula en el marco de una escuela ordinaria, donde se presenta alumnado disruptivo. Se elaboraron una serie de propuestas, y estrategias metodológicas para profesorado, que le permitiera entender y sensibilizarse de la problemática conductual de una parte de sus estudiantes y generar respuestas adecuadas a sus necesidades. Se partió de la observación y análisis de un curso de primero de educación secundaria obligatoria, a partir de ahora ESO (26 estudiante) y se detectó a quienes, por sus características, se consideró estudiantado disruptivo. A partir de esta detección, se abordaron las consecuencias que esto provoca en el funcionamiento rutinario, sus posibles causas, y se analizaron las percepciones que este grupo tenía de estas situaciones de disrupción. El personal implicado (de tutoría, docentes de las materias, jefaturas de estudios, directivo, departamento de orientación, grupo de mediación, conserjería... ) a partir de entrevistas y cuestionarios, ayudó a obtener conclusiones útiles para conseguir los objetivos propuestos. Los resultados avalan que las características familiares, la implicación y participación en todo el proceso educativo han sido de gran utilidad para saber cuál es la percepción que tienen de la escuela, del aula, del alumnado y de todo el personal docente, para poder establecer una serie de herramientas válidas para mejorar su comportamiento. Entre algunos de los datos obtenidos se puede observar unos resultados muy parecidos respecto a la dimensión relacional (conflicto) y a la dimensión de desarrollo (autonomía y moralidad-religiosidad). Por lo que respecta a la dimensión de estabilidad, tanto estudiantes como familias dan mucha importancia a la organización y planificación de las actividades y responsabilidades de la familia, y con menos grado al que hace referencia a las normas y procedimientos establecidos a la misma familia.
Gambling disorder, increased mortality, suicidality, and associated comorbidity: A longitudinal nationwide register study
Authors: Karlsson Anna , Håkansson Anders 
Published: November 2018

Background and aims
Gambling disorder (GD) appears to be an independent risk factor for suicide, and all-cause mortality has been sparsely studied in patients with GD. This study aims to explore mortality and suicide rates in individuals with GD compared to the general population as well as explore risk factors associated with all-cause mortality and suicide mortality.

Methods
This is a nationwide register study on 2,099 individuals with a GD diagnosis in the Swedish inpatient and/or outpatient specialist health care system between the years of 2005–2016. Comorbid diagnoses from treatment episodes included in national registers were categorized into diagnostic groups according to the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases, and prevalence rates (any occurrence during 2005–2016) were calculated for each diagnostic group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses on risk factors for death and suicide were performed, controlling for age, gender, and major categories of comorbidity. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for men and women with regard to overall mortality and suicide compared to the general Swedish population.

Results
The population consisted of 1,625 men and 474 women ranging from 18 to 83 years of age at first GD diagnosis (mean: 36.5 years). Sixty-seven individuals passed away, among whom 21 deaths were due to suicide. SMR calculations showed a 1.8-fold increase in mortality for individuals 20–74 years old with GD compared to the general population, and a 15-fold increase in suicide mortality. All-cause mortality was predicted by higher age and any treatment episode for cardiovascular disease, whereas suicide death was predicted by depression.

Discussion and conclusions
Mortality and suicide rates are significantly elevated among individuals with GD. Although common mental health comorbidities did not predict overall mortality, depression predicted suicide death. Findings call for attention to long-term risk of death in GD patients and interventions against comorbid health problems.
Assessing the quality of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) reports in pharmacy education: A review of the literature
Authors: Elrod Shara , Bullock Katura 
Published: November 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and assess the quality of published reports of objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) in pharmacy education. Methods: English-language articles published between 2000-2015 describing OSCEs in pharmacy education were included. Search terms included ‘pharmacy education’, ‘objective structured clinical examination’, ‘clinical skills assessment’, and ‘clinical skills examination’. A previously published checklist of reporting standards for OSCEs in medical education was used to assess the quality of published OSCE reports in specific areas: encounter characteristics, standardized participant (SPs) characteristics, training methods, and behavioral methods. Results: Forty-two articles were identified for inclusion. Forty (95%) articles reported the number of encounters with the median being 3.0 (SD=4.7). All articles reported the level of learner participating, with most US pharmacy schools conducting OSCEs with third year pharmacy students. Most articles reported training for SPs prior to the OSCE (n=23, 55%), however most did not report if training was provided to OSCE raters (n=22, 52%). Thirty-six (86%) articles reported the type of behavior measure used during OSCEs, however almost half (n=18, 42%) did not report the scale used. Few articles (n=19, 45%) reported if psychometric properties had been obtained for the specific behavior measures used. Conclusions: Overall, published descriptions of OSCEs are varied and inconsistent. Most OSCEs conducted in US pharmacy schools were in third year pharmacy students. Just over half of published articles reported OSCE training. The lack of published psychometric properties may make implementation of valid OSCEs difficult.
Empirical findings of fitness-for-duty evaluations
Authors: Reich James , Kelly Michael 
Published: November 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background:The ability of physicians to practice appropriately is often evaluated by a fitness for duty exam. This report reviews the empirical literature on fitness for duty evaluations. Methods: A literature review was performed on PubMed using the terms physician, impairment, burnout, fitness to practice and fitness for duty. Results : At least one percent of physicians are referred each year for possibly serious difficulties. Surgery and its subspecialties and psychiatry may be at higher risk. Variables associated with fitness for duty evaluations include educational, personality, culture and emotional illness. Conclusions: Risk factors appear to vary between modifiable (training, culture and treatable emotional illness), less modifiable (personality) and likely unmodifiable (specialty). Fitness for duty should be part of the training of all psychiatrists.
ЭЭГ-корреляты различения простых и сложных речевых контрастов в псевдословах у детей 7-10 лет
Authors: Шестакова Анна Николаевна , Сервис Элизабет , Горин Алексей Александрович , Круглякова Елена Сергеевна 
Published: November 2018

Были изучены психофизиологические аспекты обработки двух речевых контрастов, включенных в структуру псевдослов и отличавшихся по сложности восприятия, в группе финских детей 7-10 лет. Для записи вызванных потенциалов (ВП) была применена классическая oddball парадигма, в качестве стандарта использовалось псевдослово /baka/, а в качестве двух девиантов – легкое для восприятия /baga/ и более сложное /bag*a/, которое звучало как среднее между /baka/ и /baga/. Способность детей активно различать более сложный контраст была изучена в двух отдельных поведенческих сессиях, которые чередовались с записями ВП. Увеличенная амплитуда наиболее негативного ответа на стандартный стимул, а не на девианты, предполагает формирование т.н. акустического шаблона для часто повторяющихся псевдослов в ходе эксперимента. Нами не было обнаружено достоверного влияния типа блока на амплитуду негативности рассогласования, которую можно рассматривать в качестве индекса автоматически формирующегося следа сенсорной памяти. Скорее, наблюдаемые эффекты указывают на развитие процесса консолидации следов памяти в ответ на повторно предъявляемые стимулы (псевдослова), чем на приобретаемые различия в дискриминации стимулов вне активного фокуса внимания, как это предполагает классический oddball. Данное предположение также подтверждается результатами проведенного поведенческого теста на активное различение псевдослов. Результаты нашего исследования не подтверждают предположения об автоматичности процессов научения различать сложный речевой контраст в отсутствие необходимости активной поведенческой дискриминации.
Многообразие пригорода
Authors: Григоричев Константин Вадимович 
Published: November 2018

В статье на примере Иркутска рассматриваются динамика и формы развития субурбанизации крупного сибирского города. На основе статистических данных о численности населения и характере миграции показывается динамика роста пригородной зоны за счет выезда горожан на постоянное место жительства за город. Через полевые социально-антропологические наблюдения предлагается систематизация форм пригородных поселений на основе характера взаимодействия горожан с внегородским пространством. Показывается, что многообразие форм развития пригорода в условиях сибирской провинции невозможно уложить в рамки той или иной классической модели субурбанизации1.
_________________________
1 Исследование проведено при поддержке РФФИ в рамках проекта No 16-06-00072а.
Entrevista a Kathleen Barry
Authors: Ranea Triviño Beatriz 
Published: November 2018

Profesora emérita de sociología en la Penn State University, en Estados Unidos. Es una figura fundamental del feminista radical y activista contra la prostitución y la trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual. Fue una de las cofundadoras de la ONG Coalición Contra el Tráfico de Mujeres (CATW) y ha trabajado desde distintos ámbitos para visibilizar y combatir la explotación sexual de las mujeres. Ha publicado libros clave en el estudio de la explotación sexual como Female Sexual Slavery (1979) y The Prostitution of Sexuality (1995). En el primero de los libros citados señalaba que “La prostitución es a la vez un síntoma de un orden social injusto y una institución que explota económicamente a las mujeres. Pero cuando se define el poder económico como la variable causal, generalmente quedan sin identificar ni impugnar las dimensiones sexuales del poder” (Barry, 1987, edición en castellano:23). Además, resignifica la prostitución como una violación de los Derechos Humanos de las mujeres y desde entonces ha seguido reflexionando sobre la relación entre las distintas formas de explotación y violencia sexual que forman parte de un continuum en la vida de las mujeres. Su último libro aborda la construcción de la masculinidad en relación al militarismo: Unmaking War, Remaking Men: How Empathy Can Reshape Our Politics, Our Soldiers and Ourselves (2010)
Analysis of the Death-Leading Accident in Working with Boom Reclaimer Device using the Tripod beta and SCAT Combined Method in a Steel Company
Authors: REZAGHOLIAN Akbr , MANSOURI Nabiollah , DANA Tooraj 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to combine the two methods of Tripod beta and SCAT to analyze the accidents, explain their leading details, and track the roots of events at the depth of organizational layers.Methods: This analytical-descriptive study was carried out in one of the steel companies in Iran. To conduct the study, we analyzed one of the death- leading events using the combination of SCAT and Tripod methods. We investigated the relationship between variables and analyzed the intermediate and root causes of the event by Tripod beta method. Moreover, we proposed some control measures in the SCAT cause and effect table. The information achieved from the questionnaire and effects of the accidents' causes were studied and rated using the chi-square test and Friedman test, respectively.Results: The most important direct cause of the accident was "removal of bucket wheel (in the Boom Claimer device) from the shaft". The most important intermediary cause of the event was "lack of an appropriate immune system at the time of balance weight release". The most important rudimentary cause of the event was "inappropriate location of the device cabin in the original design". Furthermore, the most important control measure was “using harvesting equipment with new design".Conclusion: According to the statistical tests, we found a systematic connection between root causes and intermediate causes of the incident. Moreover, we observed that the effect of root causes and intermediary causes were not similar regarding the accident.
Conexões Entre o Crime Organizado e o Crime de Colarinho Branco e a Ameaça ao Direito Humano à Segurança
Authors: Ferro Ana Luiza Almeida 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo oferece uma visão geral sobre a definição e as características do crime organizado e do crime de colarinho branco, as semelhanças e as diferenças entre aquele e este e as estratégias empregadas pelas organizações criminosas para a obtenção de conexão com o Poder Público, enfatizando os vínculos simbióticos entre o underworld e o upperworld e o papel do crime organizado como instrumento de ligação entre o chamado “submundo” da criminalidade e o mundo “dourado” dos negócios e da política, além de destacar o alto potencial lesivo do crime organizado, que vulnera o direito à segurança em suas várias dimensões.
Clinical Evaluation of Compound Salvia Droplet Pills in the Treatment of Stable Angina Pectoris:Study Protocol for a Randomized Double-blind Control Trial
Authors: Liu Zhi , Wang Zhen , Gao Rui , Wang Hui , Zheng Wenke , Liu Chunxiang , Chen Jing 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
SAP (Stable Angina Pectoris, SAP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute and temporary myocardial ischemia and hypoxia due to an increase in the myocardial load resulting from a fixed severe stenosis of the coronary artery. Its’ characteristics include paroxysmal pressure pain or tightness in the prothorax, primarily retrosternal pain, which can radiate to the precordium and upper left ulna. It often occurs during physical exertion and lasts for several minutes. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in treating this disease due to holistic, dynamic and dialectical system of thought regarding life and diseases. Clinical efficacy is the basis for the survival and development of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Scientifically evaluating the clinical efficacy of such TCM treatments is of great importance for promoting its’ modernization and internationalization. In this study, we aimed to observe the therapeutic effects of Compound Salvia Droplet Pills on patients with SAP (Qi deficiency and blood stasis), as shown by a standardized clinical study on the treatment of SAP by means of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation by taking TCM treatments for CHD, thereby providing a practical and valuable clinical treatment approach.

Methods
A randomized, controlled trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Compound Salvia Droplet Pills for the treatment of SAP.
A proposed total of 60 patients with SAP (Qi deficiency and blood stasis type) are to be entered into the study.
The patients shall be randomly assigned to treatment groups (compound Salvia Droplet Pills, 10 pills/time, 3 times a day, + aspirin enteric - coated tablets 100mg/time, once a day) or the control group (compound Salvia Droplet Pills mimetics, 10 pills/time, 3 times a day, + aspirin enteric - coated tablets 100mg/time, once a day), duration of 28 ±1, and follow-up for 14 ± 3 days.
Primary outcome measures: angina pectoris symptom scores and TCM syndrome scores.
Secondary outcome measures: ECG, incidence and mortality of cardiovascular events, etc.

Discussion
This is a randomized controlled trial for Compound Salvia Droplet Pills to treat SAP on the basis of conventional therapy, to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy in the treatment of patients with SAP (angina symptoms, signs and reducing the use of vasodilator drugs, etc.), and follows up on the short -term prognosis of patients to provide clinical evidence for the use of compound Salvia Droplet Pills in patients with SAP.
Towards a water quality database for raw and validated data with emphasis on structured metadata
Authors: Plana Queralt , Alferes Janelcy , Fuks Kevin , Kraft Tobias , Maruéjouls Thibaud , Torfs Elena , Vanrolleghem Peter A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
On-line continuous monitoring of water bodies produces large quantities of high frequency data. Long-term quality control and applicability of these data require rigorous storage and documentation. To carry out these activities successfully, a database has to be built. Such a database should provide the simplicity to store and document all relevant data and should be easy to use for further data evaluation and interpretation. In this paper, a comprehensive database structure for water quality data is proposed. Its goal is to centralize the data, standardize their format, provide easy access, and, especially, document all relevant information (metadata) associated with the measurements in an efficient way. The emphasis on data documentation enables the provision of detailed information not only on the history of the measurements (e.g., where, how, when and by whom was the value measured) but also on the history of the equipment (e.g., sensor maintenance, calibration/validation history), personnel (e.g., experience), projects, sampling sites, etc. As such, the proposed database structure provides a robust and efficient tool for functional data storage and access, allowing future use of data collected at great expense.
Comparative Activity of Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADARs) Isoforms for Correction of Genetic Code in Gene Therapy
Authors: Azad Md. Thoufic A. , Qulsum Umme , Tsukahara Toshifumi 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
Members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family of enzymes
consist of double-stranded RNA-binding domains (dsRBDs) and a deaminase domain (DD)
that converts adenosine (A) into inosine (I), which acts as guanosine (G) during translation. Using the
MS2 system, we engineered the DD of ADAR1 to direct it to a specific target. The aim of this work
was to compare the deaminase activities of ADAR1-DD and various isoforms of ADAR2-DD.

Materials and Methods:
We measured the binding affinity of the artificial enzyme system on a Biacore
™ X100. ADARs usually target dsRNA, so we designed a guide RNA complementary to the target
RNA, and then fused the guide sequence to the MS2 stem-loop. A mutated amber (TAG) stop
codon at 58 amino acid (TGG) of EGFP was targeted. After transfection of these three factors into
HEK 293 cells, we observed fluorescence signals of various intensities.

Results:
ADAR2-long without the Alu-cassette yielded a much higher fluorescence signal than
ADAR2-long with the Alu-cassette. With another isoform, ADAR2-short, which is 81 bp shorter at
the C-terminus, the fluorescence signal was undetectable. A single amino acid substitution of
ADAR2-long-DD (E488Q) rendered the enzyme more active than the wild type. The results of fluorescence
microscopy suggested that ADAR1-DD is more active than ADAR2-long-DD. Western blots
and sequencing confirmed that ADAR1-DD was more active than any other DD.

Conclusion:
This study provides information that should facilitate the rational use of ADAR variants
for genetic restoration and treatment of genetic diseases.