bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of malnutrition and nutrition impact symptoms in older patients with cancer: Results of a Brazilian multicenter study
Authors: de Pinho Nivaldo B. , Martucci Renata B. , Rodrigues Viviane D. , D’Almeida Cristiane A. , Thuler Luiz C. S. , Saunders Claudia , Jager‐Wittenaar Harriet , Peres Wilza A. F. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundMalnutrition in cancer is an independent factor associated with negative clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition across different age groups in patients with cancer in Brazil and to identify associations with nutrition impact symptoms (NIS).MethodsIn this observational, cross‐sectional, multicenter study, the authors evaluated 4783 patients with cancer aged ≥20 years who were admitted to 45 public hospitals in Brazil. Nutritional status, nutritional risk, and NIS were evaluated using the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment.ResultsMore than one‐fourth (25.5%) of all participants were aged ≥65 years. In patients aged ≥65 years, the prevalence of moderate/suspected and severe malnutrition was 55%, it was 45.4% in those aged 51 to 64 years, and it was 36.1% in those aged ≤50 years. Among the NIS with a higher risk of occurrence in patients aged ≥65 years were no appetite (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.62‐2.22; P < .05) and dry mouth (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.1‐1.67; P < .05). In patients between ages 51 and 64 years, compared with those aged ≤50 years, the NIS with a higher risk of occurrence were no appetite (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.69; P < .05), dry mouth (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.45; P < .05), and problems with swallowing (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.25‐1.96; P < .05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of malnutrition and the occurrence of NIS are high in hospitalized Brazilian patients aged ≥65 years who have cancer. The occurrence of NIS was higher in the population aged >50 years than in those aged ≤50 years. Nutritional screening and assessment should be performed immediately after hospitalization to enable early diagnosis and multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary intervention(s).
The fundamental theorem of tristimulus integration
Authors: Fairman Hugh S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe colorimetric operation of tristimulus integration is analyzed from first principles. An expression compatible with the tenets of linear algebra is found to describe this operation. This expression proves to be different from the operation prescribed by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) for calculating tristimulus values. This article goes on to examine just what the CIE may be calculating, how their values may relate to tristimulus values, and how it may have occurred that no others have noticed this fact over more than 85 years of use of the CIE method.
Sustainability management emergence and integration on different management levels in smaller large‐sized companies in Austria
Authors: Kiesnere Aisma Linda , Baumgartner Rupert J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCompanies should integrate sustainability into all organizational units and on all management levels to contribute to sustainable development. This study explores nine smaller large‐sized companies (revenue between €50 and €300 million, at least 250 employees) from various sectors. We applied the framework of Baumgartner for corporate sustainability/corporate social responsibility empirically and used the promotor model of Witte from innovation management in the context of sustainability. The findings show that companies must have (a) top management support and (b) an open organizational culture regarding sustainable development to integrate sustainability on operational, strategic, and normative management levels. These two prerequisites need to remain stable over time, as changes in top management and staff create new challenges in sustainability implementation. The companies have mainly implemented sustainability management from the top‐down, first enlarging aspects of environmental management and human resource management and then integrating sustainability in terms of their vision and strategy. If top management does not see the need to alter the organization to address sustainability challenges, lower level managers or middle managers might take the initiative. In this case, however, only good environmental and human resources management practices are enabled. The top management blocks bottom‐up implementation efforts if they are not willing to make decisions based on new values and judgement and promote change in the organization. Our case studies show that a power promoter is essential for the integration of sustainability on all organizational levels. Presence of strong power promoter allows other promoter types to act in sustainability integration.
Water‐Tolerant Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals as Efficient Photocatalysts for Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction in Pure Water
Authors: Mu Yan‐Fei , Zhang Wen , Guo Xiao‐Xuan , Dong Guang‐Xing , Zhang Min , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals have recently been actively investigated for photocatalysis, owing to their inexpensive fabrication and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, LHP nanocrystals have not been used for artificial photosynthesis in aqueous solution, owing to their high sensitivity to water. In this study, water‐tolerant cobalt‐doped CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals have been prepared with the protection of hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. The resultant materials are employed as efficient photocatalysts for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction in pure water. The perovskite nanocrystals with 2 % cobalt doping afford an impressive overall yield of 247 μmol g−1 for photocatalytic CO2 conversion into CO and CH4, using water as an electron source. This study represents a significant step for practical artificial photosynthesis by using LHP nanocrystals as photocatalysts in aqueous solution.
A new potential anti‐cancer beta‐carboline derivative decreases the expression levels of key proteins involved in glioma aggressiveness: A proteomic investigation
Authors: Carvalho Annelise , Viaene Johan , Vandenbussche Guy , De Braekeleer Kris , Masereel Bernard , Wouters Johan , Souard Florence , Vander Heyden Yvan , Van Antwerpen Pierre , Delporte Cédric , Mathieu Véronique 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGliomas remain highly fatal due to their high resistance to current therapies. Deregulation of protein synthesis contributes to cancer onset and progression and is a source of rising interest for new drugs. CM16, a harmine derivative with predicted high blood–brain barrier penetration, exerts antiproliferative effects partly through translation inhibition. We evaluated herein how CM16 alters the proteome of glioma cells. The analysis of the gel‐free LC/MS and auto‐MS/MS data showed that CM16 induces time‐ and concentration‐dependent significant changes in the total ion current chromatograms. In addition, we observed spontaneous clustering of the samples according to their treatment condition and their proper classification by unsupervised and supervised analyses, respectively. A two‐dimensional gel‐based approach analysis allowed us to identify that treatment with CM16 may downregulate four key proteins involved in glioma aggressiveness and associated with poor patient survival (HspB1, BTF3, PGAM1, and cofilin), while it may upregulate galectin‐1 and Ebp1. Consistently with the protein synthesis inhibition properties of CM16, HspB1, Ebp1, and BTF3 exert known roles in protein synthesis. In conclusion, the downregulation of HspB1, BTF3, PGAM1 and cofilin bring new insights in CM16 antiproliferative effects, further supporting CM16 as an interesting protein synthesis inhibitor to combat glioma.
Co‐occurrence of breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumours: New genetic insights beyond Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndromes
Authors: Larouche Vincent , Akirov Amit , Thain Emily , Kim Raymond H. , Ezzat Shereen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveAge‐standardized incidence of female breast cancer is 145.1 per 100000/year and 5.86 per 100000/year for neuroendocrine tumours (NET) in Canada. Evidence is scarce about gene variants that may predispose patients to develop both neoplasms. The objective of this study was to identify germline gene variants associated with this combination of tumours.Design and patientsA retrospective chart review (2007‐2018) in a tertiary NET referral centre was completed. A series of 9 female patients with concurrent breast cancer and NET is presented. All patients underwent a 37 gene hereditary cancer next‐generation sequencing panel.ResultsMean age was 61.4 years (35‐85) at breast cancer diagnosis and 63.4 years (51‐89) at NET diagnosis. Four patients had a pancreatic, three had a small bowel and two had a lung NET. Two patients were known cases of MEN1, and one patient was found to harbour a pathogenic variant in MEN1 and a variant of unknown significance (VUS) in ATM. A second patient was found to harbour a pathogenic variant in APC. A third patient was found to carry a pathogenic variant in PALB2 as well as a VUS in FANCM, MLH1 and STK11. Another patient was found to harbour a VUS in MSH2. One patient was found to carry a pathogenic variant in NTHL1.ConclusionThe first cases of a PALB2, an APC and a NTHL1 pathogenic variants in patients with both breast cancer and NET were presented. NGS testing should be considered in specific patients with this combination of neoplasms, as certain germline variants beyond MEN1, have important implications for cancer surveillance.
Canola Oil with High Antioxidant Content Obtained by Combining Emerging Technologies: Microwave, Ultrasound, and a Green Solvent
Authors: Sánchez Ramiro J. , Fernández María B. , Nolasco Susana M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this work, the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of canola oil from canola seeds pretreated with microwaves using ethanol 99% as solvent is studied. Different process parameters are evaluated, such as extraction time, temperature, solid:solvent ratio, and ultrasound amplitude, optimizing the process using response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions, the extraction time is decreased by up to 75% with respect to conventional extractions, obtaining an oil with a higher content of total tocopherols and canolol, and with oxidation indexes within the established standard limits. The addition of a microwave pretreatment to the UAE with ethanol 99% shows a synergic effect between both processes, improving the oil yield. The results obtained in this study show the potential of the use of UAE for the extraction of canola oil using a green solvent, reducing processing times, environmental pollution, and achieving an oil of high quality and antioxidant concentration.Practical Application: The industrial use of petroleum‐derived solvents such as hexane has problems concerning sustainability, environment, and safety. In recent years, the use of “green” solvents for the extraction of vegetable oils began to be studied; however, it is necessary to develop stages that allow improving the extraction process by increasing the yield, reducing the processing times, and optimizing the oil quality. In this sense, ultrasound allows to shorten the extraction times while microwave pretreatments applied to canola seeds generate an increase in the concentration of antioxidants in the oil, facilitating the implementation of a “green” process in the industrial production.
Does Authenticity of Virgin Olive Oil Sensory Quality Require Input from Chemistry?
Authors: Aparicio‐Ruiz Ramón , Morales María T. , Aparicio Ramón 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe methodology of sensory assessment (“panel test”) of virgin olive oil (VOO) is the sensory method included in international regulations and its application is compulsory in trading. Despite its application has been a success in authenticity of VOO quality, the application of panel test is not exempt of heated debates and controversies among olive oil actors that sometimes surpasses scientific arguments. Problems are consequence of some disagreements in the evaluation of the same VOOs from different testing laboratories, and today, there is a clamor for its enhancement from a considerable part of the industrial sector. The thin line that exists between the absence of sensory defects in extra‐VOOs and a very slight sensory defect that may be perceived in some VOOs by some tasters is in the origin of the controversy. Thus, this work is focuses on providing practical solutions to the current concerns of Panel Test after analyzing proposals evaluating aroma descriptors from chemistry, examining flaws of panel test and strengthening its weak points.Practical Applications: The work describes a strategy that combines volatiles and sensory descriptors for avoiding disagreements with results provided by non‐recognized testing laboratories, and proposes a blueprint for improving the process of training tasters with reference materials.
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Alpha1 Subunit: A New Marker for Estrogenicity of Endocrine Disruptor Compounds
Authors: Pino María Teresa L. , Ronchetti Sonia A. , Cordeiro Georgina , Bollani Sabrina , Duvilanski Beatriz H. , Cabilla Jimena P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) include widespread naturally occurring and synthetic substances in the environment that adversely affect humans and wildlife. Because of the increasing numbers of EDCs, screening methods and ideal biomarkers to determine EDC potencies at relevant environmental concentrations need to be drastically improved. Soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 subunit (sGCα1) is an abundant cytosolic protein ubiquitously expressed in most tissues. We previously showed that sGCα1 is specifically and highly up-regulated by estrogen (E2) in vivo and in vitro, even though it lacks estrogen-responsive elements. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sGCα1 protein expression as a potential marker for xenoestrogenic EDC exposure in the E2-responsive lactosomatotroph-derived pituitary cell line GH3. Cells were incubated with a wide variety of EDCs such as heavy metals and a metalloid, synthetic E2 derivatives, plastic byproducts, and pesticides at a range of doses including those with proven xenoestrogenic activity. We demonstrated that E2 increased sGCα1 expression in GH3 cells as well as in other E2-responsive tumor cell lines. Moreover, this effect was fully dependent on estrogen receptor (ER) activation. Importantly, sGCα1 protein levels were strongly up-regulated by all the EDCs tested, even by those exhibiting low or null ER binding capacity. We provide evidence that the in vitro sGCα1 protein assay may be a very sensitive and powerful tool to identify compounds with estrogenic activity, which could improve current mammalian-based screening methods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2719–2728. © 2019 SETAC
Developmental responses to early‐life adversity: Evolutionary and mechanistic perspectives
Authors: Lu Amy , Petrullo Lauren , Carrera Sofia , Feder Jacob , Schneider‐Crease India , Snyder‐Mackler Noah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdverse ecological and social conditions during early life are known to influence development, with rippling effects that may explain variation in adult health and fitness. The adaptive function of such developmental plasticity, however, remains relatively untested in long‐lived animals, resulting in much debate over which evolutionary models are most applicable. Furthermore, despite the promise of clinical interventions that might alleviate the health consequences of early‐life adversity, research on the proximate mechanisms governing phenotypic responses to adversity have been largely limited to studies on glucocorticoids. Here, we synthesize the current state of research on developmental plasticity, discussing both ultimate and proximate mechanisms. First, we evaluate the utility of adaptive models proposed to explain developmental responses to early‐life adversity, particularly for long‐lived mammals such as humans. In doing so, we highlight how parent‐offspring conflict complicates our understanding of whether mothers or offspring benefit from these responses. Second, we discuss the role of glucocorticoids and a second physiological system—the gut microbiome—that has emerged as an additional, clinically relevant mechanism by which early‐life adversity can influence development. Finally, we suggest ways in which nonhuman primates can serve as models to study the effects of early‐life adversity, both from evolutionary and clinical perspectives.
Characterization of key aroma compounds in Laobaigan Chinese Baijiu by GC×GC‐TOF/MS and means of molecular sensory science
Authors: Fan Qian , Wang Xinlei , Zhao Yuefeng , Zheng Fuping , Li Hehe , Zhang Fuyan , Zhang Yuhang , Chen Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLaobaigan (LBG) Baijiu is recognized as one of the famous Chinese liquors due to its unique flavor characteristics. However, its key aroma‐active volatiles are still unknown. In this study, 414 volatile chemicals in the LBG Baijiu were initially detected by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC‐TOF/MS). Then, 52 of them were determined by sample dilution analysis (SDA) for screen of aroma‐active compounds. Based on their odor–activity values (OAVs) that were determined by the external standard method performed on the GC×GC‐TOF/MS, 32 volatile compounds were further recognized as important odorants, which were reconstituted to simulate and validate the aroma profile of the LBG Baijiu. Moreover, omission experiments were conducted to corroborate the importance of key odorants. As a result, nine aroma compounds were finally confirmed as the key aroma‐active compounds of the LBG Baijiu.
Monte Carlo analysis of methods for extracting risk‐neutral densities with affine jump diffusions
Authors: Lu Shan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article compares several widely used and recently developed methods to extract risk‐neutral densities (RNDs) from option prices in terms of estimation accuracy. It shows that the positive convolution approximation method consistently yields the most accurate RND estimates, and is insensitive to the discreteness of option prices. RND methods are less likely to produce accurate RND estimates when the underlying process incorporates jumps and when estimations are performed on sparse data, especially for short time‐to‐maturities, though sensitivity to the discreteness of the data differs across different methods.
Designing and Implementing an Indigenous Mentoring Program for Faculty Who Mentor AI/AN Students in STEM Fields: Process, Outcomes, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Brown Blakely , Komlos Barbara Z. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter describes the development and implementation of an Indigenous Mentoring Program (IMP) for faculty who mentor American Indian/Alaska Native graduate students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. The chapter also reviews steps taken in adapting and translating the IMP to non‐Montana institutions that are part of the Pacific Northwest Circle of Success in Mentoring Opportunities in STEM Alliance.
Inhibition of tropomyosine receptor kinase B on the migration of human Schwann cell and dispersion of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Ein Liliana , Bracho Olena , Mei Christine , Patel Jaimin , Boyle Thomas , Monje Paula , Fernandez‐Valle Cristina , Bas Esperanza , Thomas Giovana , Weed Donald , Sargi Zoukaa , Dinh Christine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSchwann cells (SC) may play an important role in perineural invasion (PNI) by promoting cancer cell dispersion. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may contribute to these cellular events by activating tropomyosine receptor kinase B (TrkB). This study examines the effect of TrkB inhibition on SC migration and oral cancer cell dispersion in vitro.MethodsHuman tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC‐9) and human SCs were cocultured in three different conditioned mediums: control, BDNF, and TrkB inhibitor. Cell migration, cancer cell dispersion, and SC dedifferentiation were measured on time‐lapse and immunofluorescence images.ResultsCancer cell migration exceeded SC migration in all conditions. TrkB inhibition promoted SC dedifferentiation and significantly increased SC migration, when compared to BDNF conditions. TrkB inhibition also reduced cancer cell dispersion, when compared to control and BDNF‐treated cultures.ConclusionSCs may have importance in the pathophysiology of PNI. TrkB inhibition may be a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention.
The role of the hippocampus in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia: A resting‐state fcMRI study
Authors: Chapleau Marianne , Montembeault Maxime , Boukadi Mariem , Bedetti Christophe , Laforce Robert , Wilson Maximiliano , Brambati Simona M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe goal of the study was to determine whether the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) affects the intrinsic connectivity network anchored to left and right anterior hippocampus, but spares the posterior hippocampus. A resting‐state functional connectivity MRI (rs‐fcMRI) study was conducted in a group of patients with svPPA and in controls, using a seed‐to‐voxel approach. In comparison to controls, massively reduced connectivity was found in the anterior hippocampus, mainly the left one, for svPPA patients but not in the left or right posterior hippocampus. In svPPA, the anterior hippocampus showed reduced functional connectivity with regions implicated in the semantic memory network. Significant correlation was also found between the functional connectivity strength of the left anterior hippocampus and the ventromedial cortex, and performance in semantic tasks. These findings indicate that the functional disconnection of the anterior hippocampus may be a promising in vivo biomarker of svPPA and illustrate the role of this hippocampal subregion in the semantic memory system.