bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone Deficiency: Health and Longevity
Authors: Aguiar-Oliveira Manuel H , Bartke Andrzej 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe important role of GH in the control of mammalian longevity was first deduced from extended longevity of mice with genetic GH deficiency (GHD) or GH resistance. Mice with isolated GHD (IGHD) due to GHRH or GHRH receptor mutations, combined deficiency of GH, prolactin, and TSH, or global deletion of GH receptors live longer than do their normal siblings. They also exhibit multiple features of delayed and/or slower aging, accompanied by extension of healthspan. The unexpected, remarkable longevity benefit of severe endocrine defects in these animals presumably represents evolutionarily conserved trade-offs among aging, growth, maturation, fecundity, and the underlying anabolic processes. Importantly, the negative association of GH signaling with longevity extends to other mammalian species, apparently including humans. Data obtained in humans with IGHD type 1B, owing to a mutation of the GHRH receptor gene, in the Itabaianinha County, Brazil, provide a unique opportunity to study the impact of severe reduction in GH signaling on age-related characteristics, health, and functionality. Individuals with IGHD are characterized by proportional short stature, doll facies, high-pitched voices, and central obesity. They have delayed puberty but are fertile and generally healthy. Moreover, these IGHD individuals are partially protected from cancer and some of the common effects of aging and can attain extreme longevity, 103 years of age in one case. We think that low, but detectable, residual GH secretion combined with life-long reduction of circulating IGF-1 and with some tissue levels of IGF-1 and/or IGF-2 preserved may account for the normal longevity and apparent extension of healthspan in these individuals.
Mechanical forces in cell monolayers
Authors: Chen Tianchi , Saw Thuan Beng , Mège René-Marc , Ladoux Benoit 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
In various physiological processes, the cell collective is organized in a monolayer, such as seen in a simple epithelium. The advances in the understanding of mechanical behavior of the monolayer and its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms will help to elucidate the properties of cell collectives. In this Review, we discuss recent in vitro studies on monolayer mechanics and their implications on collective dynamics, regulation of monolayer mechanics by physical confinement and geometrical cues and the effect of tissue mechanics on biological processes, such as cell division and extrusion. In particular, we focus on the active nematic property of cell monolayers and the emerging approach to view biological systems in the light of liquid crystal theory. We also highlight the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction mechanisms at the sub-cellular and molecular level that are mediated by the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton and cell–cell adhesion proteins, such as E-cadherin and α-catenin. To conclude, we argue that, in order to have a holistic understanding of the cellular response to biophysical environments, interdisciplinary approaches and multiple techniques – from large-scale traction force measurements to molecular force protein sensors – must be employed.
Geriatric urinary tract infections: The value of laboratory parameters in estimating the need for bacteremia and Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Tartar Ayse Sagmak , Balin Safak Ozer 
Published: December 2018

Objective: We investigated the geriatric patients diagnosed as urinary tract infection and evaluated the effects of white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count, platelet, mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, creatine, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio parameters on estimating the need for bacteremia and intensive care (IC) for the patients with pyelonephritis
Methods: Between 2016-2017, a total number of 188 patients aged 65 years and above were retrospectively evaluated at the infectious diseases clinic.
Results: The 124 (66%) of the patients were male and 64 (34%) were female. The laboratory values of the patients with pyelonephritis and urosepsis were found to be significantly lower in only RDW bacteremic patients (p=0.047). The laboratory values during the application of third-step IC unit patients, who were treated and discharged, were compared. Albumin was significantly lower, while direct bilirubin, AST and ALT were significantly higher (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Patients, whose biochemical parameters have changed, especially during admission or follow-up, should be evaluated carefully in terms of urosepsis, multiple organ failure and IC need. A number of diagnostic tests have been described to predict the need for sepsis and IC. However, many of them cannot be performed in emergency conditions. It is a great advantage that the parameters we use in our work are easily accessible and can be performed in emergency conditions.
How to cite this:Tartar AS, Balin SO. Geriatric urinary tract infections: The value of laboratory parameters in estimating the need for bacteremia and Intensive Care Unit. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):215-219. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.97
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
An update on clonality: what smooth muscle cell type makes up the atherosclerotic plaque?
Authors: Schwartz Stephen M. , Virmani Renu , Majesky Mark W. 
Published: December 2018

Almost 50 years ago, Earl Benditt and his son John described the clonality of the atherosclerotic plaque. This led Benditt to propose that the atherosclerotic lesion was a smooth muscle neoplasm, similar to the leiomyomata seen in the uterus of most women. Although the observation of clonality has been confirmed many times, interest in the idea that atherosclerosis might be a form of neoplasia waned because of the clinical success of treatments for hyperlipemia and because animal models have made great progress in understanding how lipid accumulates in the plaque and may lead to plaque rupture.Four advances have made it important to reconsider Benditt’s observations. First, we now know that clonality is a property of normal tissue development. Second, this is even true in the vessel wall, where we now know that formation of clonal patches in that wall is part of the development of smooth muscle cells that make up the tunica media of arteries. Third, we know that the intima, the “soil” for development of the human atherosclerotic lesion, develops before the fatty lesions appear. Fourth, while the cells comprising this intima have been called “smooth muscle cells”, we do not have a clear definition of cell type nor do we know if the initial accumulation is clonal.As a result, Benditt’s hypothesis needs to be revisited in terms of changes in how we define smooth muscle cells and the quite distinct developmental origins of the cells that comprise the muscular coats of all arterial walls. Finally, since clonality of the lesions is real, the obvious questions are do these human tumors precede the development of atherosclerosis, how do the clones develop, what cell type gives rise to the clones, and in what ways do the clones provide the soil for development and natural history of atherosclerosis?
Mean deviation based identification of activated voxels from time-series fMRI data of schizophrenia patients
Authors: Chatterjee Indranath 
Published: December 2018

Background: Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting different regions of the brain, which causes symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most popular technique to study the functional activation patterns of the brain. The fMRI data is four-dimensional, composed of 3D brain images over time. Each voxel of the 3D brain volume is associated with a time series of signal intensity values. This study aimed to identify the distinct voxels from time-series fMRI data that show high functional activation during a task. Methods: In this study, a novel mean-deviation based approach was applied to time-series fMRI data of 34 schizophrenia patients and 34 healthy subjects. The statistical measures such as mean and median were used to find the functional changes in each voxel over time. The voxels that show significant changes for each subject were selected and thus used as the feature set during the classification of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Results: The proposed approach identifies a set of relevant voxels that are used to distinguish between healthy and schizophrenia subjects with high classification accuracy. The study shows functional changes in brain regions such as superior frontal gyrus, cuneus, medial frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus. Conclusions: This work describes a simple yet novel feature selection algorithm for time-series fMRI data to identify the activated brain voxels that are generally affected in schizophrenia. The brain regions identified in this study may further help clinicians to understand the illness for better medical intervention. It may be possible to explore the approach to fMRI data of other psychological disorders.
Theoretical Approach to the Development of a Program of Economic Culture Formation by Orphaned Children of Primary School Age
Authors: Шахманова А. , Shakhmanova A. , Саидова М. , Saidova M. 
Published: December 2018

The article reveals the main directions of the content of the economic component of the education and upbringing of younger schoolchildren. It emphasizes the relevance of this problem for orphans raised in an orphanage, since the development of their economic literacy eliminates potential difficulties and ensures more successful process of further socialization of the growing personality. Particular attention is paid in the
article to the theoretical foundations of the development of a program for the formation of an economic culture among pupils of primary school age.
Battle of the Internet Channels: How Do Mobile and Fixed-Line Quality Drive Internet Use?
Authors: Xu Jiao , Forman Chris , Hu Yu Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

We study whether and under what conditions mobile Internet networks compete with traditional fixed-line Internet networks by examining how the quality of local fixed-line Internet service influences mobile Internet adoption and use. Empirical analysis shows that a 1 megabits per second (Mbps) increase in local fixed-line Internet speed leads to a 14.9% decline in the likelihood of purchasing a mobile data plan. However, we show there are substantial differences in the extent to which users view these channels as competitors based on individual- and location-specific characteristics and the nature of the application. Fixed-line Internet speed has no effect on the use of mobile offline services, such as taking photos or videos, that do not require a real-time Internet connection. Younger users and those who live in areas with lower fixed-line Internet speeds find the channels to be closer competitors. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2018.0776 .
El Antiguo hospital de Mercedes de Chimbarongo
Authors: Campos Gajardo Dra. Arq. Alicia , Alvarado Castro Mg. Arq. Paulina 
Published: December 2018

El antiguo Hospital de Chimbarongo, ubicado en la localidad rural homónima de la sexta región chilena, cuenta con más de cien años de existencia, representativo de una tipología de pabellones propia de la medicina científica decimonónica, forma parte de la arquitectura de valor patrimonial que se propone proteger por la comunidad y la institucionalidad. El objetivo de la investigación que aquí se presenta, es dilucidar los valores que sustentan su declaratoria de Monumento Histórico, en la perspectiva del análisis tipológico-arquitectónico en un marco histórico específico, y en la consideración de algunos aspectos del concepto de paisaje cultural, planteando en la conclusión la discusión de valores en un marco teórico definido. La investigación fue patrocinada por la Unidad de Patrimonio Cultural de la Salud del Ministerio de Salud y por la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Chile
Educación alimentaria como puente entre extensión, docencia e investigación: el caso de una escuela para adultos de Santa Fe
Authors: Paravano María Antonella , Ortigoza Liliana Del Valle , Dezar Gimena Valeria 
Published: December 2018

Plantear una mayor articulación e integración de las tres funciones básicas de la universidad constituye no solo un ideal, sino una necesidad a la que se debe prestar atención. Este artículo propone visibilizar la articulación de proyectos de extensión y trabajos de investigación de alumnos, con el fin de promover una sinergia y convergencia entre ambos. Desde ese lugar, se relata el trabajo de una tesinista de la Licenciatura en Nutrición de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, que desarrolló su investigación en el marco de una Práctica de Extensión de Educación Experiencial en la que participaron docentes, alumnos y tutores de la Licenciatura, junto a alumnos, docentes y directivos de una escuela de educación media para adultos de Santa Fe. Las acciones coordinadas de los distintos actores posibilitaron estrechar vínculos con la comunidad, acercando a los estudiantes universitarios a situaciones reales. La investigación realizada permitió valorar facilitadores y obstaculizadores presentes en este proceso.
EWS-GARCH: New Regime Switching Approach to Forecast Value-at-Risk
Authors: Chlebus Marcin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In the study, the two-step EWS-GARCH models to forecast Value-at-Risk is presented. The EWS-GARCH allows different distributions of returns or Value-at-Risk forecasting models to be used in Value-at-Risk forecasting depending on a forecasted state of the financial time series. In the study EWS-GARCH with GARCH(1,1) and GARCH(1,1), with the amendment to the empirical distribution of random errors as a Value-at-Risk model in a state of tranquillity and empirical tail, exponential or Pareto distributions used to forecast Value-at-Risk in a state of turbulence were considered. The evaluation of Value-at-Risk forecasts was based on the Value-at-Risk forecasts and the analysis of loss functions. Obtained results indicate that EWS-GARCH models may improve the quality of Value-at-Risk forecasts generated using the benchmark models. However, the choice of best assumptions for the EWS-GARCH model should depend on the goals of the Value-at-Risk forecasting model. The final selection may depend on an expected level of adequacy, conservatism and costs of the model.
Histo-genomics: digital pathology at the forefront of precision medicine
Authors: Barsoum Ivraym , Tawedrous Eriny , Faragalla Hala , Yousef George M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The toughest challenge OMICs face is that they provide extremely high molecular resolution but poor spatial information. Understanding the cellular/histological context of the overwhelming genetic data is critical for a full understanding of the clinical behavior of a malignant tumor. Digital pathology can add an extra layer of information to help visualize in a spatial and microenvironmental context the molecular information of cancer. Thus, histo-genomics provide a unique chance for data integration. In the era of a precision medicine, a four-dimensional (4D) (temporal/spatial) analysis of cancer aided by digital pathology can be a critical step to understand the evolution/progression of different cancers and consequently tailor individual treatment plans. For instance, the integration of molecular biomarkers expression into a three-dimensional (3D) image of a digitally scanned tumor can offer a better understanding of its subtype, behavior, host immune response and prognosis. Using advanced digital image analysis, a larger spectrum of parameters can be analyzed as potential predictors of clinical behavior. Correlation between morphological features and host immune response can be also performed with therapeutic implications. Radio-histomics, or the interface of radiological images and histology is another emerging exciting field which encompasses the integration of radiological imaging with digital pathological images, genomics, and clinical data to portray a more holistic approach to understating and treating disease. These advances in digital slide scanning are not without technical challenges, which will be addressed carefully in this review with quick peek at its future.
EFFECT OF DESICCANT APPLICATION AND TIME OF HARVEST ON YIELD AND OIL QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFECTO DE APLICACIÓN DE DESECANTE Y TIEMPO DE COSECHA SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD DE ACEITE EN EL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFFET DE LA DESSICCATION ET DE LA DATE DE LA RÉCOLTE SUR LE RENDEMENT ET LA QUALITÉ DE L’HUILE CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Shafiullah M.A. Khan , Baitullah M.A. Rana , Khan B.R. , Ozair C.A. 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYA field study was conducted on four desiccants; Dimethipine, Metoxuron (Dosanex), Drop-leaf and Diaquat, during 1990 and 1991. Two rates of each desiccant were sprayed on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid NK-212 15 days after flower completion. Two harvesting dates (10 and 20 days) after desiccant application were superimposed on each desiccant treatment. The objective of this specific study was to determine the relative efficacy of different desiccants at two different rates, harvested on two different dates after application and their consequent effect on seed yield, oil quality and other agronomic characters of sunflower. As an average of the two years, desiccant treatment means were significantly different for all the traits studied. The lowest seed yields (1667 and 1674 kg/ha) were obtained from lower and higher doses of Diaquat, respectively. Conversely, higher yields were obtained by both rates of either Drop-leaf (2222 and 2342 kg/ha) or Metoxuron (2121 and 2168 kg/ha) as compared with the other treatments. Application of Diaquat and Dimethipine reduced the yield significantly as compared with the control, Drop-leaf and Metoxuron (Dosanex). Similarly, low and high oil contents were attributed to Diaquat and Drop treatments, respectively. This study concluded that Dropleaf and Metoxuron (Dosanex) can be safely used as desiccants on sunflower at the rates of 0.225 and 0.750 kg ai/ha, respectively. The sunflower crop should be harvested 35 days after flower initiation or 25 days after flower completion to get higher seed yield, oil content and low seed moisture contents to minimize the post harvest losses and simultaneously vacate the field 5 to 10 days earlier for the subsequent crop.
Comparative Analysis of Various Wavelength Division Multiplexed PON Standards
Authors: Gupta Amit 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this investigation comparison of various Passive optical networks (PON) standards has been done. Bidirectional fiber to home architecture is projected which simultaneously transmits the video and audio signals. The system uses travelling wave semiconductor optical amplifier with injection current of 0.45 A for both upstream and downstream channels. This architecture is investigated for a distance of 40 km and it accommodates 96 users. Further the effect of varied distance and power on Q-factor of system is investigated.
Investigation on Feedstock Preparation for Micro-Cemented Carbide Injection Molding
Authors: Fayyaz Abdolali , Muhamad Norhamidi , Sulong Abu Bakar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This research was focused on mixing of submicron cemented carbide (WC-Co-VC) powder and binder. WC-Co-VC powder particle size and morphology were analyzed by laser diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The WC-Co-VC powder was kneaded with a paraffin wax based binder system. Based on critical solid loading, the feedstock with different solid loadings between 49 to 51 vol.% was prepared. Finally, the flow behavior of different feedstocks was investigated. Morphology of powder revealed that the particles of powder are slightly agglomerated and irregular in shape. The result of mixing indicted that the torque value increases as the solid loading increase from 49 vol.% to 51 vol.%. The feedstock exhibited homogeneity and the powder particles are homogenously coated with binder. The feedstock with solid loading of 51 vol.% is sensitive to temperature and showed high viscosity values. The feedstock with solid loadings of 49 and 50 vol.% had good compatibility and flow characteristics.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe/MgO Micro-Nano Composite for Electrotechnical Applications
Authors: Bureš R. , Fáberová M. , Kurek P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe composite based on the microns iron size powder and MgO nanopowder was prepared using pressing followed by conventional and microwave sintering. Microstructure of the composite was investigated to evaluate the changes induced by different sintering technology. Young’s modulus, flexural strength and hardness of composites were analyzed to investigate the mechanical properties in dependence on MgO content, as well as in dependence on the sintering method. Microstructure and mechanical properties as well as functional magnetic properties of prepared composites are discussed in the paper. The main benefit of microwave heating found within process time shortening was confirmed in the case of the microwave sintered Fe/MgO composite.
Alkaline phosphatase ınterference in an unconjugated estriol assay causing a false positive Down syndrome screening result
Authors: Yildiz Zeynep , Çakır Madenci Özlem , Orçun Asuman , Hürmeydan Özlem , Köroğlu Dağdelen Lale , Yücel Nihal 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
Decreased unconjugated estriol (uE3) concentrations increase calculated risk of Down syndrome. Therefore, falsely low uE3, due to assay interference, have the potential to cause false-positive screening results. Here we present a 35 years old woman with a pregnancy of 17+2 weeks.

Materials and methods
Second-trimester screening test was performed on the UniCelDxI 800 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) analyzer and her uE3 level was 0.21 ng/mL (0.21 MoM). Risk calculated for DS was 1/8. Measurements were repeated on IMMULITE 2000 XPi (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., USA). uE3 result was 0.614 ng/mL (0.97 MoM). The risk for DS was negative with this system. There was no sign of fetal anomaly on three-dimensional ultrasound examination and cell-free fetal DNA screening test. We suspected assay interference for uE3.

Results
Serial dilutions of serum samples revealed nonlinearity. 36.3% increase was observed with heterophile antibody blocking tubes. The post-polyethylene glycol treatment resulted approximately the same uE3 levels as IMMULITE system. Addition of alkaline phosphatase Scavenger to serum increased the result by 90% showing that falsely low E3 result was due to an interferent reacting on assay medium.

Conclusion
Laboratories should be aware that falsely low uE3 results due to interference may be obtained.
Coordination sequences and layer-by-layer growth of periodic structures
Authors: Shutov Anton , Maleev Andrey 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A new approach to the problem of coordination sequences of periodic structures is proposed. It is based on the concept of layer-by-layer growth and on the study of geodesics in periodic graphs. We represent coordination numbers as sums of so called sector coordination numbers arising from the growth polygon of the graph. In each sector we obtain a canonical form of the geodesic chains and reduce the calculation of the sector coordination numbers to solution of the linear Diophantine equations. The approach is illustrated by the example of the 2-homogeneous kra graph. We obtain three alternative descriptions of the coordination sequences: explicit formulas, generating functions and recurrent relations.