bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF GRAIN DRYING IN THE AUTOMATED GRAIN DRYING UNIT
Authors: Pavlov S. A. , Frolova T. F. 
Published: September 2018

Mine and column grain dryers are a fairly complex object of control in the production line. The process of grain drying is characterized by a large number of parameters, quantitatively and qualitatively characterizing the dryer operation. First of all, this includes the criteria of maximum performance and minimum deviations of the moisture content of the dried grain from the standard values. These criteria, as studies show, are interconnected with each other: an increase in the performance П of the dryer leads to an increase in the moisture content of the grain coming out of it, and, conversely, an attempt to reduce the moisture content of grain causes the need to reduce the performance П. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to develop the expression for the transfer functions of the of grain flow control depending on perturbations of the initial moisture content and the maximum grain temperature, as well as to conduct experimental studies. (Materials and methods) The authors have developed simplified mathematical models of moisture perturbation compensation of grain coming in for drying and its heating temperature in a drying chamber by changing the dryer performance on the basis of theoretical-and-experimental studies. (Results and discussion). The authors have obtained expressions to control the process performance when the current humidity and temperature change through the dryer performance parameters as a function of grain moisture flow and heat used to grain heating up to an acceptable temperature. Farm tests of developed transition management functions have been implemented for dryer SZT-16 controlled by PLC S7-1200 Siemens and operating in an automatic mode. Tests have been conducted on the “Babachev” farm, Karachev district of the Bryansk region in the process of drying food wheat grain. (Conclusion) It has been confirmed that the dryer performance is determined not only by the rated capacity but also by the deviation of the current moisture content of grain from the specified values and by the ratio of the amount of heat used for evaporating and heating. The dryer performance at constant initial humidity is determined by its rated performance, the maximum specified difference of grain temperatures, as well as the ratio of the amounts of heat used for evaporating and heating.
ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR OIL FLAX PROCESSING
Authors: Novikov E. V. , Basova N. V. , Bezbabchenko A. V. 
Published: September 2018

Oil flax grows in many countries of the world. Fibre production on its basis can significantly increase the profitability of flax-growing farms. At the present stage, taking into account the real possibilities of the national economy, for its effective development it is necessary to introduce advanced technologies. Cur-rently, processing enterprises may choose among different technological equipment lines to process oil flax into fibre and thus get additional profit. (Research purpose) The determination of a technologically and economical-ly effective line for oil flax processing. (Materials and methods) The main materials for calculation were represent-ed by the indicators of production capacity, the average annual value of fixed as-sets, the amount of money spent on salaries and wages, etc. The main research method is the balance method that allows making a plan in the form of a balance sheet that takes into account the sources of inputs and the requirements for these inputs. (Results and discussions) The authors have considered low-cost lines for oil flax processing into short fibre on the basis of disintegrators of various brands (from domestic and foreign producers), offered characteristics of the fibre obtained in the lines, and analyzed technical and economic indicators of various technologi-cal lines under different conditions, and the payback period of capital expenditures for different oil flax acreages. (Conclusions) The authors have determined that the most effective is the pro-cessing of oil flax from an area of at least 1000 hectares, with a throughput capaci-ty of raw materials of at least 1000 kg/h and a distance of the transportation of straw rolls to a processing site of 50 km. They have also obtained technological and economic data that can be used in the organization of oil flax processing into marketable fibre.
METHODS OF APPLYING FERTILIZERS IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Authors: Lichman G. I. , Belykh S. A. , Marchenko A. N. 
Published: September 2018

It is impossible to achieve the planned yields, product quality, and economic efficiency in agricultural production using only organic fertilizers. joint application of organic and solid mineral fertilizers solves the problem of replenishing the soil content of nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements used by plants. The authors have carried out the research of new methods of variable-rate application of mineral fertilizers in plant growing, allowing to increase the profitability of agricultural production. (Research purpose) is to develop new methods of variable-rate application of mineral fertilizers in crop production, which will allow increasing the profitability of crop production as compared with the conventional methods of applying fertilizers basing on average field indicators. (Materials and methods) The authors have developed a calculation technique implemented in the VBA Excel computer program for determining the main indicators: gross output, fertilizer saving, profit, etc. The main variable to change in the calculations is the planned yield based on average field parameters. At the end of the calculation process, the values of the best result for gross harvest output and profit are displayed on the screen. The research objects for the calculation were represented by elementary areas of crop areas of three farms – “Prodresurs”, Agropoligon VIUA, and “Murminskoye” with different soil types: chernozem, loamy, and sandy-loam. (Results and discussion) The method of proportional variable-rate application of fertilizers on three types of soils gives a stable increase in profit as compared with the application of fertilizers basing on the average field indicators. (Conclusions) Calculations have shown that under the specified conditions and at the equal yield of 30 c/ha the application of organomineral fertilizers is the most effective, profitability has accounted for 40 percents – on mesopodzol sandy-loam soils; 8.7 percents – on sod-podzolic soils; and 1.3 percents – on black soils. The method of proportional variable-rate application of mineral fertilizers accompanied with variable-rate application of organic fertilizers makes it possible to reduce the amount of mineral fertilizers applied by half.
ZONE OF SOIL LOOSENING WITH CULTIVATOR SWEEPS
Authors: Vasilenko V. V. , Vasilenko S. V. , Borzilo V. S. 
Published: September 2018

Cultivator sweeps are placed remotely relative to each other or as parts of combined working tools with spherical discs, chisels and other parts, so the propagation of a zone of soil deformation during their operation at different depths and at different speeds is studied by designers for the calculation of technological runs in order to avoid their clogging with soil. (Research purpose) To determine the dependence of the width of the soil loosening zone with a cultivator sweep on the depth of travel and the speed of travel. (Materials and methods) Studies have been conducted on a stubble soil background after harvesting of winter wheat. Humidity and hardness of soil at a depth of 0 to 30 centimeters varied accordingly from 9 to 13 percent and from 0.28 to 0.87 MPa. The structure of the unit has been represented by the tractor MTZ Belarus 1221,2 and the cultivator KRN-5,6. Each section of the cultivator housed a universal sweep with a design working width of 220 mm. (Results and discussion) It has been found that a sweep forms a loosened strip and a strip of soil scattering, the width of which depends linearly on the tillage depth ranging from 10 to 22 cm and varies in the range from 31 to 42 and 38 to 58 cm, respectively. The unit travel speed ranging from 3 to 13 km/h does not affect the width of the loosening zone, and the zone of soil scattering increases according to the law of a weakly expressed quadratic parabola. The authors present empirical dependences of the width of the loosening and scattering zones on the tillage depth, the travel speed and the sweep width. (Conclusions) It has been found that the interval between the sweeps in one row should not be less than the specified width of the loosening zone, which has been confirmed as exemplified by a successful arrangement of working elements with a width of 410 mm on the combined units of the RVK series. Combined tools work with high technological reliability for sunflower stubble, without being clogged with soil and plant residues during the main field operations performed according to the minimal impact technology.
Cephalometric comparison of adult anterior open bite treatment using clear aligners and fixed appliances
Authors: Garnett Bella Shen , Mahood Kimberly , Nguyen Mai , Al-Khateeb Aliaa , Liu Siqi , Boyd Robert , Oh Heesoo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To compare fixed appliances and clear aligner therapy in correcting anterior open bite and in controlling the vertical dimension in adult patients with hyperdivergent skeletal patterns.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective study, two treatment groups of adult (≥18 years old) hyperdivergent patients (mandibular plane angles of ≥38°) with anterior open bites were included: 17 fixed appliance patients and 36 clear aligner patients. Thirteen cephalometric measurements representing the vertical dimension were reported for each group. A two-sample t-test was used to assess differences in changes in mandibular plane angle and overbite between the two treatment groups.

Results:
There were no statistical differences found in the magnitude of overbite correction and the changes in any of the cephalometric measurements for vertical control. The clear aligner group showed a slightly greater amount of lower incisor extrusion (P = .009). The main mechanism of open bite correction was similar between the two treatment groups and was accomplished through retroclination of the upper and lower incisors while maintaining the vertical position of the upper and lower molars.

Conclusions:
Cephalometric comparison of anterior open bite correction and changes in the mandibular plane angle associated with use of clear aligners and fixed appliances did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in adult hyperdivergent patients.
PENENTUAN NILAI PARAMETER KINETIKA ORDE SATU PADA SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH
Authors: Gita Amieria Citra , Haryanto Agus , Saputra Tri Wahyu , Telaumbanua Mareli 
Published: October 2018

Biodiesel merupakan alternatif pengganti bahan bakar solar yang dapat dibuat dari minyak jelantah. Pembuatan biodiesel dapat dilakukan dengan metode transesterifikasi yaitu mereaksikan antara minyak jelantah dan metanol sehingga menghasilkan metil ester dan gliserol dengan bantuan katalis basa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu reaksi dalam pembuatan biodiesel dan menentukan nilai parameter kinetika orde satu pada sintesis biodiesel dari minyak jelantah untuk memprediksi hasil reaksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rasio molar 1:6 dengan waktu reaksi sebesar 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6 dan 10 menit dan suhu reaksi sebesar 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, dan 55 °C. Bahan yang digunakan meliputi minyak jelantah, metanol dan NaOH dengan parameter penelitian meliputi rendemen, massa jenis dan viskositas. Kinetika reaksi merupakan reaksi orde satu dari fungsi suhu dan konsentrasi non biodiesel untuk memperoleh konstanta laju reaksi dan energi aktivasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen biodiesel tertinggi terdapat pada suhu 55 °C dan waktu reaksi 10 menit. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki massa jenis antara 0,863-0,885 gram/ml (sesuai SNI), dan viskositas 2,825-5,277 cSt (sesuai SNI). Nilai konstanta laju reaksi (k) pada suhu suhu 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 dan 55 °C sebesar 9,8×10-4 s-1, 10,8×10-4 s-1, 11,67×10-4 s-1, 14×10-4 s-1, 14,83×10-4 s-1, dan 21,67×10-4 s-1. Nilai energi aktivasi (Ea) reaksi yang dihasilkan sebesar 23,83 kJ/mol. Kata Kunci: Biodiesel; Minyak Jelantah; Transesterifikasi Basa; Kinetika Reaksi
UNJUK KERJA MESIN PEMOTONG PADI (PADDY MOWER) SAAT PEMANENAN PADI (Oryza sativa L.) DI LAHAN BASAH
Authors: Anisa Siti , Suharyatun Siti , Oktafri Oktafri , Asmara Sandi 
Published: October 2018

Pemanenan padi secara tradisional memerlukan banyak tenaga pemanen. Penggunaan alat pemanen tradisional juga menjadi salah satu penyebab kehilangan hasil panen yang cukup tinggi. Penggunaan alat mesin pemanen padi dapat dilakukan untuk memecahkan permasalahan tersebut. Salah satu alternatif mesin yang dapat digunakan untuk memanen padi di lahan yang sempit/bergelombang adalah mesin pemotong padi (paddy mower). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kapasitas kerja mesin, kebutuhan bahan bakar, tingkat kehilangan padi (losses), serta analisis ekonomi penggunaan mesin pemotong padi tipe GLX 328-RH untuk pemanenan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan utama, yaitu persiapan mesin dan lahan sawah di pekon Talang Padang, Kabupaten Tanggamus, pengujian performansi mesin dan analisis data. Parameter yang diamati adalah kapasitas kerja mesin, persentase kehilangan gabah, dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kapasitas kerja mesinpaddy mower dengan kecepatan pemotongan RPM 3863 (0,015 ha/jam) dan RPM 5000 (0,029 ha/jam) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sabit (0,011 ha/jam). Meningkatnya kecepatan pemotongan cenderung menurunkan losses gabah. Losses pada RPM 1824 = 1,44%, RPM 3863 = 1,12 % dan RPM 5000 = 0,66%. Konsumsi bahan bakar yang dibutuhkan pada RPM 1824 = 95,83 l/ha, RPM 3863 = 56,83 l/ha dan RPM 5000 = 42,83 l/ha. Nilai Break Event Point (BEP) penggunaan mesin paddy mower sebesar 2,27 ha/thn. NPV mesin paddy mower sebesar Rp. 2.881.194,18/thn, B/C Ratio mesin paddy mower sebesar 1,10, dan IRR mesin paddy mower sebesar 83,98%.Kata Kunci:Padi, Mower, Unjuk Kerja Mesin, Losses, Kapasitas Kerja
The multivariate techniques in evaluation of unemployment analysis of Polish regions
Authors: Tatarczak Anna , Boichuk Oleksandra 
Published: September 2018

Research background: The labour market situation is considered to be the most widely discussed part of economic development. However, it should be noted that the unemployment situation of young people (aged 15?24 years) in Poland in general terms seems to be problematic. Overall, the unemployment rate among young people in Poland is significantly higher than the overall unemployment rate in the EU. Moreover, the situation varies greatly across the regions.
Purpose of the article: Using multivariate techniques as a theoretical framework, the main goal of the paper is to identify groups of Polish regions that share similar patterns regarding unemployment among young people. To reach this goal, first a set of labour market indicators were selected. Next, the authors compared the labour market situation of young people between the Polish regions in 2005 and in 2014. Finally, the conclusions regarding the conducted analysis are explored.
Methods: The initial calculation is based on the concept of the taxonomic measure developed by Hellwig. The final method used to create clusters of objects (across 16 voivodeships of Poland) is cluster analysis. A segmentation of the voivodeships is observed for the years 2005 and 2014, based on selected indicators to determine the labour market situation. The data was gathered from the databases of the Central Statistical Office of Poland and Eurostat.
Findings & Value added: Through the exploration of the advantages of multivariate methods, the nature of youth unemployment is revealed in more detail. Indeed, dendrogram analysis divided the voivodeships into five groups, which are characterized by similar features associated with the labour market. It was found that the groups which emerged in 2005 have a different composition of regions than in 2014; this difference seems to be connected with the economic crisis.
The small and large business interaction within national economy?s gross added value reproduction in Ukraine
Authors: Kalchenko Sergei , Trusova Natalia , Hrybova Diana , Serhii Biliaiev 
Published: September 2018

Research background: The main background of this article is the thesis that sectors of small business and large business respond differently to shifts in macroeconomic conditions.
Purpose of the article: This article is devoted to empirical evidence whether there are signs of small business ability to compensate for negative trends, emerging in the sectors of large and medium-sized business in Ukraine.
Methods: The dynamics of gross value added was chosen as the main indicator of small business potential to create compensatory effect for reduction in employment, share of value added and GDP, observed in sector of large and medium-sized business. For factor analysis of actual gross added value dynamics, the authors have built a multiplicative term, which expresses the different characteristics of economic activity in small, large and medium-sized business impact on the gross added value dynamics. The authors have also evaluated the specific impact of these factors using the method of chained substitution.
Findings & Value added: The results obtained by factors analysis did not prove the thesis about small business capacity to compensate for the negative trends observed in the sector of large and medium business. The trend of economic activity in small business sector, trend of labor productivity, and trend in dynamics of added value share in small business output were causes of gross value added decreasing in the national economy during the period researched. These results can be interpreted as a sign that in case of unchanged quality indicators of economic activity in small business sector (in the first turn, the labor productivity and share of value added in output) this sector ability to compensate for negative trends in large business will be very doubtful.
The prospective low risk hedge fund capital allocation line model: evidence from the debt market
Authors: Vukovic Darko B. , Prosin Victor 
Published: September 2018

Research background: Institutional investors such as: commercial banks, pension funds, and insurance companies are constantly looking for low-risk stable investment opportunities, whereas one of the solutions can be a simulated portfolio. This research takes a look at the incentive to invest in government debt portfolios, as it can outperform the returns of deposit accounts.
Purpose of the article: This study considers several classic methods of portfolio constriction and includes the basis of debt instruments that have not been a research topic for a long period of time. At the same time, this paper analyzes the classic methods of modern portfolio theory with a Sharpe ratio as an indicator of efficiency.
Methods: The constructed portfolio consists of four elements from different countries: two government obligations and two bond indexes, aiming to employ international diversification. All the data was collected for the period of 12 years in order to represent the consequences of accrued recessions.
Findings & Value added: The past two severe financial crises created a higher demand for stable investments, and more investors are ready to compromise a higher return for it. There-fore, the results of this paper represent a simulation of low-risk hedge fund portfolio construction with the use of highly rated debt instruments.
Agile approach in a transforming organization, a descriptive study of chosen Polish companies with rapid revenue growth
Authors: Idzikowski Wojciech , Perechuda Igor 
Published: September 2018

Research background: Recent decades may undoubtedly be deemed as a period of exceptional transformation on a global scale. One element of this transformation is the reorganisation of traditional ways of business management (on all ontological levels). As a result, agile approach is increasingly often considered one of the key aspects of building the competitive advantage of a company. In this paper, agile approach is understood as the businesses' capability of responding promptly to market needs.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to present the research results on the use of agile approach in chosen organizations. More specifically, the main purpose of this article is to describe how organizations are transformed with use of the agile approach.
Methods: In accordance with the goal of the article, the organizations selected for empirical research are characterized by revenue increase levels of over 100% (such organizations undergo a dynamic transformation caused by growth), and employment ranging from 10 to 50 employees. The studied companies operate mainly in the IT industry and use technologies to organize the processes of identification and tracking of customer behaviour to a large extent. Several research methods were used in this paper: literature studies, expert interview, participant observation, and Spearman?s rank correlation coefficient.
Findings & Value added: The article describes the usage level of the agile (and linear) approach in the organizational transformation (through the dynamic growth of revenues), and presents the agile approach model, which can be used as an accelerator of the business? development. In addition, the authors undertook the first (limited and unrepresentative) attempt to evaluate the use of agile approach in the context of such indicators as: communication with customers, profit increase, and minimization of the risk related to introducing a new product on the market.
Employee loyalty to the organization in the context of the form of employment
Authors: Kot-Radojewska Magdalena , Timenko Iryna V. 
Published: September 2018

Research background: Organizations that function in the contemporary, competitive economy attribute the increased importance to employee loyalty, which translates, to a large extent, into commitment to work. A loyal employee, strongly associated with the organization, is its valuable asset. On the other hand, in the dynamically changing reality, organizations more often use the alternative, flexible forms of employment, which are not only a response to the needs of the organization, but also employees themselves.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to examine the relationship between employee loyalty to the employer and the form of employment.
Methods: The paper presents the results of research conducted by means of a diagnostic survey with the use of a questionnaire among 569 employees of manufacturing and service enterprises operating on the Polish market. Empirical data were collected from December 2015 to January 2016. The research process was based on the grounded theory and statistical analyses were conducted by means of the SPSS, assuming the level of significance at 0.05. In order to compare people with the different forms of employment, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used.
Findings & Value added: The research results indicated that there are certain relationships between the form of employment and loyalty to the employer. A majority of the respondents believed that the form of employment influences the loyalty to the employer. A majority also rated the degree of their own loyalty to the employer high. Employees working under an indefinite duration employment contract rated the impact of the current form of employment on loyalty to the employer higher than people that have a fixed-term employment contract. The people who have an indefinite duration employment contract rated the degree of their own loyalty to the employer higher than people that have a fixed-term employment contract.