bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Heat-absorbent Foam Concrete Wall based Macro-encapsulation of Beef Tallow/Damar Gum in Building
Authors: Ismida Y , Amin M , Hamdani  , Amna U , Fazri  , Akbar C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Generally, the foam concrete that designs as the current building wall is without considering the heat absorbent. Therefore, it is necessary to find additional materials that able to absorb the heat energy. One of them is Phase Change Material (PCM). Beef tallow is an organic material of PCM that has a high heat storage capability. Commonly, an aggregate requires in the manufacture of foam concrete as reinforcement materials. This aggregate can be changed with macro-encapsulation of PCM. This study aimed to find the ability of foam concrete based macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum in absorb heat energy that will be applied in building walls. This research was conducted experimentally with the primary materials of cement, fine sand, water, foam agent, catalyst, sika, and macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum. This foam concrete wall was made with the dimension of 80 x 80 x 10 cm and varied with a mixture of beef tallow / damar gum of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The wall concrete heater was simulated with using four lamps with the power of 200 watts. The type-K thermocouple was placed on samples at 2 points, inside and on the surface which connected with Agilent 34970A. The results showed that the effect of adding PCM resulted in a decreasing of the temperature inside and on the surface of foam concrete walls. The amount of temperature decrease due to the addition of 5% PCM is from 51.9 °C to 44.7 °Cor decreased by 13.87% inside of foam concrete walls and 75.64 °C to 51.9 °C or down to 21.87% on the surface of foam concrete walls. Overall, this foam concrete based macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum is better to use as heat-absorbent in building wall application compare with foam concrete wall without using macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum.
Augmented Reality Application for Introduction Traditional House and Objects of Aceh
Authors: Mursyidah  , Indrawati  , Ramadhona  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The traditional house is one of the highest culture of art value. Lack of knowledge about traditional houses and traditional Acehnese objects among the general public, making the cultural values of Aceh diminishing. Efforts to improve realization of Acehnese people to preserving a culture of Aceh, one of them is by making Augmented Reality technology as a medium to visualize traditional house and traditional Acehnese objects to be 3D animation. The method used in this research is marker based tracking. The software that used was Vuforia, blender 3D and unity. In this application, a user will find an animation traditional house of Aceh and 9 3D object traditional object of Aceh. Conclusions from the study are augmented reality technology can be applied to Android devices, with the best distance test results of a camera reading the marker is 20 cm to 60 cm and 0° to 40° for the best angle.
Application of Janeng Fruit (Dioscorea Hispida Dennst) on Mortality Killing the Golden Snails
Authors: Sami Muhammad , Fata Khairil 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soaking of tuber extracts on Janeng extract on mortality of golden snail, which had been carried out from April to September 2017 for six months in Blang Crum Village, Muara Dua District, Lhokseumawe City. The materials and tools were used in this research such as janeng tuber, pestl as test object, taro leaf, hand sprayer, blender, weighing scale, measuring cup, plastic container, scale container, net, rubber band, plastic rope, extract storage container, camera and writing instruments. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatment of janeng tuber extract consisting of: 0% concentration (control), 2.5% concentration, 5% concentration, 7.5% concentration, and 10%. Each treatment was repeated three times. The number of snails needed in the object of testing moluskasida 300 individuals (5 treatments x 3 replications x 20 snails). Snail death observations were carried out at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 hours after application. The results showed that the death of snails were influenced by the concentration of tuber extracts and the time of immersion (maceration). The highest mortality of snail was obtained by using 10% janeng tuber concentration and 75 hours maceration time of 86.7%.
A Feature Extraction Technique Based on Factor Analysis for Pulsed Eddy Current Defects Categorization
Authors: Latif Nurul A’in Ahmad , Abidin Ilham Mukriz Zainal , Azaman Noorhazleena , Jamaludin Nordin , Mokhtar Ainul Akmar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Pulsed eddy current (PEC) is an advance Non-destructive testing that is widely used in multiple industries for surface and subsurface defect detection. Normally, the conventional features extractions are conducted based on time to peak and peak value response. However, signals extraction could be a confusing for a thin specimen because times to peak for both surface and subsurface defects are occurred at almost similar time. This paper introduced the application of confirmatory Factor Analysis for defect categorizing for stainless steel thin plate. Through this statistical method, two categories of defects namely surface and subsurface defects are clearly to be distinguished between one to another.
A Millimetre-wave Probe for Fast Screening and Evaluation of Corrosion in Planar Conductors: Numerical Simulations
Authors: Li Wenjia , Li Yong , Tan Jianguo , Abidin Ilham Mukriz Zainal , Hu Jinhua , Chen Zhenmao , Wu Yongzhuo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Planar conductors are commonly used in critical mechanical structures. Due to high-temperature and high-pressure environment, corrosion may occur in in-service planar conductors, and seriously threatens structural integrity and safety. Hence, it is indispensable to detect and evaluate corrosion using Non-destructive Testing (NDT) techniques before structural failure. As a technique complementary to other Electromagnetic NDT methods, Microwave NDT is found to be advantageous in terms of high efficiency and accuracy in inspection of conductors subject to surface flaws. In this paper, a millimetre-wave probe for efficient detection and evaluation of corrosion in planar conductors is proposed and intensively investigated via simulation. A 3D Finite Element (FE) model of the proposed probe is established based on electromagnetic wave theory. The characteristics of the microwave propagation along with the mechanism regarding corrosion detection are intensively analysed. The probe structure and parameters are subsequently optimised in an effort to enhance the detectability, sensitivity and accuracy in corrosion evaluation. Besides, signal processing techniques involving extraction of features from the S-parameter in the function of frequency are investigated.
Optimising the acceptability and feasibility of acceptance and commitment therapy for treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder in older adults
Authors: Lawrence Vanessa , Kimona Kate , Howard Robert J , Serfaty Marc A , Wetherell Julie Loebach , Livingston Gill , Wilkinson Philip , Walters Kate , Jones Rebecca , Wuthrich Viviana M , Gould Rebecca L 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundgeneralised anxiety disorder (GAD) is common in later life with a prevalence of 3–12%. Many only partially respond to cognitive behavioural therapy or pharmacotherapy and can be classified as treatment resistant. These patients experience poor quality of life, and are at increased risk of comorbid depression, falls and loneliness. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an emerging therapy, which may be particularly suited to this population, but has not been tailored to their needs.Objectivesto optimise the acceptability and feasibility of ACT for older adults with treatment-resistant GAD.Designa person-based approach to ground the adapted ACT intervention in the perspectives and lives of those who will use it.Methodsfirst, we conducted qualitative interviews with 15 older adults with GAD and 36 healthcare professionals to develop guiding principles to inform the intervention. Second, we consulted service users and clinical experts and interviewed the same 15 older adults using ‘think aloud’ techniques to enhance its acceptability and feasibility.Resultsin Stage 1, older adults’ concerns and needs were categorised in four themes: ‘Expert in one’s own condition’, ‘Deep seated coping strategies’, ‘Expert in therapy’ and ‘Support with implementation’. In Stage 2, implications for therapy were identified that included an early focus on values and ACT as a collaborative partnership, examining beliefs around ‘self as worrier’ and the role of avoidance, validating and accommodating individuals’ knowledge and experience and compensating for age-related cognitive changes.DiscussionOur systematic approach combined rigour and transparency to develop a therapeutic intervention tailored to the specific needs of older adults with treatment-resistant GAD.
New horizons in arginine metabolism, ageing and chronic disease states
Authors: Mangoni Arduino A , Rodionov Roman N , McEvoy Mark , Zinellu Angelo , Carru Ciriaco , Sotgia Salvatore 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The elucidation of the metabolic pathways of the amino acid arginine and their role in health and disease have been an intensive focus of basic and clinical research for over a century. The recent advent of robust analytical techniques for biomarker assessment in large population cohorts has allowed the investigation of the pathophysiological role of specific arginine metabolites in key chronic disease states in old age, particularly those characterised by a reduced synthesis of endothelial nitric oxide, with consequent vascular disease and atherosclerosis. Two arginine metabolites have been increasingly studied in regard to their potential role in risk stratification and in the identification of novel therapeutic targets: the methylated arginine asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the arginine analogue homoarginine. Higher circulating concentrations of ADMA, a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, have been shown to predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes. By contrast, there is emerging evidence that homoarginine might exert cardioprotective effects. This review highlights recent advances in the biological and clinical role of ADMA and homoarginine in cardiovascular disease and other emerging fields, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, and depression. It also discusses opportunities for future research directions with the ultimate goal of translating knowledge of arginine metabolism, and its role in health and disease, into the clinical care of older adults.
Back to Basics: Overdiagnosis Is About Unwarranted Diagnosis
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Epidemiologic studies of overdiagnosis are challenged by unclear definitions and the absence of unified measures. This spurs great controversies. Etymologically, overdiagnosis means too much diagnosis and stems from the inability to distinguish what is important from what is not. Accordingly, in order to grasp, measure, and handle overdiagnosis, we should revive medicine’s original goal and reconnect diagnosis to what matters to professionals and patients: knowledge and suffering, respectively. This will make overdiagnosis easier to define and measure, and eventually less difficult to reduce.
Strigolactones and their crosstalk with other phytohormones
Authors: Omoarelojie L O , Kulkarni M G , Finnie J F , Van Staden J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundStrigolactones (SLs) are a diverse class of butenolide-bearing phytohormones derived from the catabolism of carotenoids. They are associated with an increasing number of emerging regulatory roles in plant growth and development, including seed germination, root and shoot architecture patterning, nutrient acquisition, symbiotic and parasitic interactions, as well as mediation of plant responses to abiotic and biotic cues.ScopeHere, we provide a concise overview of SL biosynthesis, signal transduction pathways and SL-mediated plant responses with a detailed discourse on the crosstalk(s) that exist between SLs/components of SL signalling and other phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonates and salicylic acid.ConclusionSLs elicit their control on physiological and morphological processes via a direct or indirect influence on the activities of other hormones and/or integrants of signalling cascades of other growth regulators. These, among many others, include modulation of hormone content, transport and distribution within plant tissues, interference with or complete dependence on downstream signal components of other phytohormones, as well as acting synergistically or antagonistically with other hormones to elicit plant responses. Although much has been done to evince the effects of SL interactions with other hormones at the cell and whole plant levels, research attention must be channelled towards elucidating the precise molecular events that underlie these processes. More especially in the case of abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellin, jasmonates and salicylic acid for which very little has been reported about their hormonal crosstalk with SLs.
Mammalian Annotation Database for improved annotation and functional classification of Omics datasets from less well-annotated organisms
Authors: Bick Jochen T , Zeng Shuqin , Robinson Mark D , Ulbrich Susanne E , Bauersachs Stefan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies and the availability of an increasing number of mammalian and other genomes allow gene expression studies, particularly RNA sequencing, in many non-model organisms. However, incomplete genome annotation and assignments of genes to functional annotation databases can lead to a substantial loss of information in downstream data analysis. To overcome this, we developed Mammalian Annotation Database tool (MAdb, https://madb.ethz.ch) to conveniently provide homologous gene information for selected mammalian species. The assignment between species is performed in three steps: (i) matching official gene symbols, (ii) using ortholog information contained in Ensembl Compara and (iii) pairwise BLAST comparisons of all transcripts. In addition, we developed a new tool (AnnOverlappeR) for the reliable assignment of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Ensembl gene IDs. The gene lists translated to gene IDs of well-annotated species such as a human can be used for improved functional annotation with relevant tools based on Gene Ontology and molecular pathway information. We tested the MAdb on a published RNA-seq data set for the pig and showed clearly improved overrepresentation analysis results based on the assigned human homologous gene identifiers. Using the MAdb revealed a similar list of human homologous genes and functional annotation results regardless of whether starting with gene IDs from NCBI or Ensembl. The MAdb database is accessible via a web interface and a Galaxy application.
The microbial challenge of winemaking: yeast-bacteria compatibility
Authors: Bartle Louise , Sumby Krista , Sundstrom Joanna , Jiranek Vladimir 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe diversity and complexity of wine environments present challenges for predicting success of fermentation. In particular, compatibility between yeast and lactic acid bacteria is affected by chemical and physical parameters that are strain and cultivar specific. This review focuses on the impact of compound production by microbes and physical interactions between microbes that ultimately influence how yeast and bacteria may work together during fermentation. This review also highlights the importance of understanding microbial interactions for yeast-bacteria compatibility in the wine context.
Benchmarked computation of time-domain viscoelastic Love numbers for adiabatic mantles
Authors: Kachuck S B , Cathles L M 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYThe viscoelastic load Love numbers encapsulate the Earth’s rheology in a remarkably efficient fashion. When multiplied by a sudden increment of spherical harmonic load change, they give the horizontal and vertical surface displacements and gravity change at all later times. Incremental glacial load changes thus need only be harmonically decomposed, multiplied by the Love numbers and summed to predict the Earth’s response to glacial load redistributions. The computation of viscoelastic Love numbers from the elastic, viscous and adiabatic profiles of the Earth is thus the foundation upon which many glacial isostatic adjustment models are based. Usually, viscoelastic Love numbers are computed using the Laplace transform method, employing the correspondence principle to convert the viscoelastic equations of motion into the elastic equations with complex material parameters. This method works well for a fully non-adiabatic Earth, but can accommodate realistic partially adiabatic and fully adiabatic conditions only by changing the Earth’s density profile. An alternative method of Love number computation developed by Cathles (1975) avoids this dilemma by separating the elastic and viscous equations of motion. The separation neglects a small solid-elastic/fluid-elastic transition for compressible deformation, but allows freely defining adiabatic, partially adiabatic or fully non-adiabatic profiles in the mantle without changing the Earth’s density profile. Here, we update and fully describe this method and show that it produces Love numbers closely similar to those computed for fully non-adiabatic earth models computed by the correspondence principle, finite element and other methods. The time-domain method produces Love numbers as good as those produced by other methods and can also realistically accommodate any degree of mantle adiabaticity. All method implementations are available open source.
Optimizing ethambutol dosing among HIV/tuberculosis co-infected patients: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study
Authors: Mehta Krina , Ravimohan Shruthi , Pasipanodya Jotam G , Srivastava Shashikant , Modongo Chawangwa , Zetola Nicola M , Weissman Drew , Ivaturi Vijay , Gumbo Tawanda , Bisson Gregory P , Vinnard Christopher 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Reduced ethambutol serum concentrations are commonly observed among TB patients co-infected with HIV and may lead to treatment failure.

Objectives
To perform a population pharmacokinetic study of ethambutol in HIV/TB patients, and to evaluate an intensified ethambutol weight-based dosing strategy to support pharmacokinetic target attainment.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study of ethambutol pharmacokinetics among HIV/TB patients administered first-line TB treatment in Botswana, with study visits before and after initiation of ART. Clinical and disease status markers, including HIV-associated systemic immune activation and gut dysfunction biomarkers, were evaluated as covariates of ethambutol pharmacokinetic parameters in non-linear mixed effects analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare pharmacokinetic target attainment under standard and intensified weight-based ethambutol dosing strategies.

Results
We studied 40 HIV/TB patients prior to initiation of ART, of whom 24 returned for a second visit a median of 33 days following ART initiation. Ethambutol serum concentrations were best explained by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination, with a significant improvement in oral bioavailability following ART initiation. In Monte Carlo simulations, a supplementary ethambutol dose of 400 mg daily led to >2-fold improvements in pharmacokinetic target attainment probabilities in lung tissue, both before and after ART initiation.

Conclusions
Low serum ethambutol concentrations were commonly observed among HIV/TB patients in Botswana, and the oral bioavailability of ethambutol increased following ART initiation. Supplementary ethambutol dosing among HIV/TB patients may provide a strategy to optimize anti-TB treatment regimens in this high-risk population.
Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy: the impact of body weight and target on an optimal dosing regimen
Authors: Thorsted Anders , Kristoffersson Anders N , Maarbjerg Sabine F , Schrøder Henrik , Wang Mikala , Brock Birgitte , Nielsen Elisabet I , Friberg Lena E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The β-lactam antibiotic piperacillin (in combination with tazobactam) is commonly chosen for empirical treatment of suspected bacterial infections. However, pharmacokinetic variability among patient populations and across ages leads to uncertainty when selecting a dosing regimen to achieve an appropriate pharmacodynamic target.

Objectives
To guide dosing by establishing a population pharmacokinetic model for unbound piperacillin in febrile children receiving cancer chemotherapy, and to assess pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment (100% fT &gt; 1×MIC and 50% fT &gt; 4×MIC) and resultant exposure, across body weights.

Methods
Forty-three children admitted for 89 febrile episodes contributed 482 samples to the pharmacokinetic analysis. The typical doses required for target attainment were compared for various dosing regimens, in particular prolonged infusions, across MICs and body weights.

Results
A two-compartment model with inter-fever-episode variability in CL, and body weight included through allometry, described the data. A high CL of 15.4 L/h (70 kg) combined with high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values indicated rapid elimination and hyperfiltration. The target of 50% fT &gt; 4×MIC was achieved for an MIC of 4.0 mg/L in a typical patient with extended infusions of 2–3 (q6h) or 3–4 (q8h) h, at or below the standard adult dose (75 and 100 mg/kg/dose for q6h and q8h, respectively). Higher doses or continuous infusion were needed to achieve 100% fT &gt; 1×MIC due to the rapid piperacillin elimination.

Conclusions
The licensed dose for children with febrile neutropenia (80 mg/kg q6h as a 30 min infusion) performs poorly for attainment of fT&gt;MIC pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets. Given the population pharmacokinetic profile, feasible dosing regimens with reasonable exposure are continuous infusion (100% fT &gt; 1×MIC) or prolonged infusions (50% fT &gt; 4×MIC).