bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When a Child Unexpectedly Draws a Violent Scene
Authors: Barnes Andy , Ziegler Richard , McConnico Neena , Stein Martin T. 
Published: March 2018

CASE: Carter is a 12-year-old boy who has been seeing a developmental-behavioral pediatrician since the age of 7 years for problems with behavioral regulation. Around that time, he began to receive special education services after an educational assessment of autism. He has average intellectual abilities, with below-average semantic-pragmatic speech (e.g., conversations are one-sided). His medical diagnoses included attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combined presentation, and generalized anxiety disorder. He has never met the DSM criteria for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) because although he has atypical sensory behaviors (e.g., preoccupied with sniffing objects), he has otherwise lacked restricted, repetitive behaviors. Other medical problems include obesity.
His functional impairments associated with impulsivity, inattention, and anxiety improved with combined pharmacotherapy (a long-acting stimulant and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI], on which he remains) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). After starting sixth grade, his Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) was modified to address his social impairments, with a self-contained classroom without windows. Soon thereafter, he began to talk about “hating myself” and developed mild-to-moderate depression, which improved after several weeks of a higher dose of SSRI and more frequent visits with his therapist.
Several weeks after starting seventh grade, the teacher sent an email to Carter's parents, which they forwarded to his developmental-behavioral pediatrician: “Carter drew a picture of himself shooting and stabbing a student he was mad at today (Fig. 1). He was very upset when I told him I was going to tell you. We haven't processed it through yet but I think a conversation at home about appropriate drawings and using other ways to calm down would help this not happen again.”
Does Nonmetropolitan Residence Impact Timely Chlamydia Treatment in Massachusetts?
Authors: Yoon Jungwon , Elder Heather R. , Hawrusik Rebecca , Klevens R. Monina , Roosevelt Kathleen A. , Hsu Katherine K. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A mean of 4.5 days until treatment was documented in a subset of reported laboratory-confirmed Massachusetts chlamydia cases selected for active case report form completion. Treatment delay was associated with longer test result turnaround time, and absence of symptoms or contact to sexually transmitted disease. Nonmetropolitan versus metropolitan residence did not appear to impact treatment time.
The conserved phosphatase GSP-2/PP1 promotes germline immortality via small RNA-mediated genome silencing during meiosis
Authors: Billmyre Katherine Kretovich , Doebley Anna-lisa , Heestand Bree , Belicard Tony , Sato-Carlton Aya , Flibotte Stephane , Simon Matt , Gnazzo Megan , Skop Ahna , Moerman Donald , Carlton Peter Mark , Sarkies Peter , Ahmed Shawn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGenomic silencing can promote germ cell immortality, or transgenerational maintenance of the germ line, via mechanisms that may occur during mitosis or meiosis. Here we report that thegsp-2PP1/Glc7 phosphatase promotes germ cell immortality. We identified a separation-of-function allele ofC. elegansGSP-2 that caused a meiosis-specific chromosome segregation defect and defects in transgenerational small RNA-induced genome silencing. GSP-2 is recruited to meiotic chromosomes by LAB-1, which also promoted germ cell immortality. Sterilegsp-2andlab-1mutant adults displayed germline degeneration, univalents and histone phosphorylation defects in oocytes, similar to small RNA genome silencing mutants. Epistasis and RNA analysis suggested that GSP-2 functions downstream of small RNAs. We conclude that a meiosis-specific function of GSP-2/LAB-1 ties small RNA-mediated silencing of the epigenome to germ cell immortality. Given that hemizygous genetic elements can drive transgenerational epigenomic silencing, and given that LAB-1 promotes pairing of homologous chromosomes and localizes to the interface between homologous chromosomes during pachytene, we suggest that discontinuities at this interface could promote nuclear silencing in a manner that depends on GSP-2.Author SummaryThe germ line of an organism is considered immortal in its capacity to give rise to an unlimited number of future generations. To protect the integrity of the germ line, mechanisms act to suppress the accumulation of transgenerational damage to the genome or epigenome. Loss of germ cell immortality can result from mutations that disrupt the small RNA-mediated silencing pathway that helps to protect the integrity of the epigenome. Here we report for the first time that theC. elegansprotein phosphatase GSP-2 that promotes core chromosome biology functions during meiosis is also required for germ cell immortality. Specifically, we identified a partial loss of function allele ofgsp-2that exhibits defects in meiotic chromosome segregation and is also dysfunctional for transgenerational small RNA-mediated genome silencing. Our results are consistent with a known role ofDrosophilaProtein Phosphatase 1 in heterochromatin silencing, and point to a meiotic phosphatase function that is relevant to germ cell immortality, conceivably related to its roles in chromosome pairing or sister chromatid cohesion.
miRNAs in platelet-poor blood plasma and purified RNA are highly stable: a confirmatory study
Authors: Muth Dillon C. , Powell Bonita H. , Zhao Zezhou , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe relative stability of microRNAs (miRNAs) as compared with other RNA molecules has been confirmed in many contexts. When bound to Argonaute (AGO) proteins, miRNAs are protected from degradation, even when released into the extracellular space in ribonucleoprotein complexes, and with or without the protection of membranes in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Purified miRNAs also appear to present less of a target for degradation than other RNAs. Although miRNAs are by no means immune to degradation, biological samples subjected to prolonged incubation at room temperature, multiple freeze/thaws, or collection in the presence of inhibitors like heparin, can typically be remediated or used directly for miRNA measurements. Here, we provide additional confirmation of early, well validated findings on miRNA stability and detectability. Our data also suggest that inadequate depletion of platelets from plasma may explain the occasional report that freeze-thaw cycles can adversely affect plasma miRNA levels. Overall, the repeated observation of miRNA stability is again confirmed.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 11-associated alleles of Ttbk2 dominantly interfere with ciliogenesis and cilium stability
Authors: Bowie Emily , Norris Ryan , Anderson Kathryn V. , Goetz Sarah C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11) is a rare, dominantly inherited human ataxia characterized by atrophy of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. SCA11 is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Serine/Threonine kinase Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) that result in premature truncations of the protein. We previously showed that TTBK2 is a key regulator of the assembly of primary cilia in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which the SCA11-associated mutations disrupt TTBK2 function, and whether they interfere with ciliogenesis were unknown. In this work, we present evidence that SCA11-associated mutations are dominant negative alleles and that the resulting truncated protein (TTBK2SCA11) interferes with the function of full length TTBK2 in mediating ciliogenesis. A Ttbk2 allelic series revealed that upon partial reduction of full length TTBK2 function, TTBK2SCA11 can interfere with the activity of the residual wild-type protein to decrease cilia number and interrupt cilia-dependent Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Our studies have also revealed new functions for TTBK2 after cilia initiation in the control of cilia length, trafficking of a subset of SHH pathway components, including Smoothened (SMO), and cilia stability. These studies provide a molecular foundation to understand the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of human SCA11, and help account for the link between ciliary dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.Author SummaryDefects in primary cilia structure and function are linked to a number of recessive genetic disorders, now collectively referred to as ciliopathies. Most of the characteristics of these disorders arise from disruptions to embryonic development, with the requirements for primary cilia in adult tissues being less well-defined. We previously showed that a kinase associated with an adult-onset neurodegenerative condition is required for cilium assembly and ciliary signaling during development. Here, we show that the human disease-associated mutations act as mild dominant negatives, interfering with the function of the full length protein in cilia formation and ciliary signaling.
Capn5 expression in the healthy and regenerating zebrafish retina
Authors: Coomer Cagney E. , Morris Ann C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeAutosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV) is a devastating inherited autoimmune disease of the eye that displays features commonly seen in other eye diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and diabetic retinopathy. ADNIV is caused by a gain of function mutation in Calpain-5 (CAPN5), a calcium dependent cysteine protease. Very little is known about the normal function of Capn5 in the adult retina, and there are conflicting results regarding its role during mammalian embryonic development. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an excellent animal model for studying vertebrate development and tissue regeneration, and represents a novel model to explore the function of Capn5 in the eye.MethodsWe characterized the expression of Capn5 in the developing zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) and retina, in the adult zebrafish retina, and in response to photoreceptor degeneration and regeneration using whole mount in situ hybridization, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn zebrafish, capn5 is strongly expressed in the developing embryonic brain, early optic vesicles, and in newly differentiated retinal photoreceptors. We found that expression of capn5 co-localized with cone specific markers in the adult zebrafish retina. We observed an increase in expression of Capn5 in a zebrafish model of chronic rod photoreceptor degeneration and regeneration. Acute light damage to the zebrafish retina, was accompanied by an increase in expression of Capn5 in the surviving cones and in a subset of Müller glia.ConclusionsThese studies suggest that Capn5 may play a role in CNS development, photoreceptor maintenance, and photoreceptor regeneration.
Preliminary study of the vibration-based maintenance implementation: case study
Authors: Semma El Mehdi , Mousrij Ahmed , Gziri Hassan 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop the different phases of the implementation of vibration-based maintenance (VBM). Then, the focus will be on the first two stages, namely, the inventory and feasibility study where each step will be translated into a very detailed implementation process through an industrial case study.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a state of art on the implementation of the VBM; a survey of national and international experts in the field of VBM and finally an analysis of 30 years of VBM practice in a large Moroccan company in the field of chemical processing, via a collective approach called Diagnostic Court Autonome.FindingsThe study showed that improving productivity by reducing downtimes due to vibration defects through effective vibration monitoring is possible and investment in equipment and vibration monitoring personnel is largely justified in the company studied.Originality/valueThis paper presents in detail the two preliminary phases with all procedures describing in a practical way the operating rules to apply and organize the roles of different actors. The work will be useful both to researchers and maintenance managers interested in structuring their vibration monitoring cells.
Primary productivity explains size variation across the Pallid bat's western geographic range
Authors: Kelly Rochelle M. , Friedman Rachel , Santana Sharlene E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Body size is associated with many aspects of the life history, ecology and physiology of animals. Within a species, body size can vary substantially across space and time, and the mechanisms generating these patterns have been the focus of evolutionary and ecology research.

Bergmann’s rule predicts a negative relationship between body size and temperature across the geographic range of endothermic animals; larger animals have a lower surface to volume ratio, which would allow for greater heat conservation. Despite the broad support for this pattern, its underlying mechanisms are heavily debated. Numerous alternative explanations have been proposed to explain why larger animals are found in colder climates and vice versa, including heat dissipation, environmental seasonality and resource availability.

We used the Pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus, as a model to evaluate Bergmannian size patterns and the relative support for major explanatory hypotheses of geographic body size variation. We tested the hypothesis that geographic size variation is predicted by productivity, as opposed to seasonality, heat conservation or dissipation, or some combination of these processes. Additionally, we investigated the potential ecomorphological consequences of size variation in Pallid bats by determining if skull shape (an indicator of bite performance) varies with size.

Whereas we did find that Pallid bat populations in northern latitudes are composed of larger individuals, our results suggest that net primary productivity and, to a lesser extent heat conservation, best explain size variation throughout the western range of this species. We also found that skull shape in Pallid bats changes in tandem with skull size, with larger bats having cranial traits associated with greater bite force production.

The results of our study indicate that variation in resource availability may be a key factor underlying spatial patterns in size, morphology and, possibly, feeding performance within wide‐ranging bat species.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Persistent symptoms and activity changes three months after mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Cooksley Rebecca , Maguire Emma , Lannin Natasha A. , Unsworth Carolyn A. , Farquhar Michelle , Galea Claire , Mitra Biswadev , Schmidt Julia 
Published: March 2018

Background/aimApproximately, 80% of traumatic brain injuries are considered mild in severity. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may cause temporary or persisting impairments that can adversely affect an individual's ability to participate in daily occupations and life roles. This study aimed to identify symptoms, factors predicting level of symptoms and functional and psycho‐social outcomes for participants with mTBI three months following injury.MethodPatients discharged from the Emergency Department of a major metropolitan hospital with a diagnosis of mTBI were contacted by telephone three months after injury. An interview with two questionnaires was administered: The Concussion Symptom Inventory (CSI) Scale and the Rivermead Head Injury Follow‐Up Questionnaire (RHIFUQ). Data obtained were used to determine the type and prevalence of post‐concussion symptoms and their impact on activity change.ResultsSixty‐three people with mTBI participated in the study. The majority of participants (81%) reported that all symptoms had resolved within the three‐month time frame. Of those still experiencing symptoms, workplace fatigue (22%) and an inability to maintain previous workload/standards (17%) were reported.ConclusionThere is a small, but clinically significant, subgroup of patients who continue to experience symptoms three‐month post‐mTBI. Symptoms experienced beyond the expected three‐month recovery timeframe have the potential to adversely affect an individual's ability to participate in daily occupation and return to work.
Gossypol stimulates opening of a Ca2+‐ and Na+‐permeable but Ni2+‐ and Co2+‐impermeable pore in bEND.3 endothelial cells
Authors: Chen Cing‐Yu , Lin Wen‐Chuan , Wong Kar‐Lok , Cheng Ka‐Shun , Leung Yuk‐Man , Yang Shu‐Er 
Published: March 2018

SummaryGossypol, a polyphenolic dialdehyde toxin isolated from cotton seed, has anti‐cancer properties and has recently shown some success in the treatment of glioma. Its effects on brain neurons and blood vessels are poorly understood. In this work we examined the effects of gossypol on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of mouse brain bEND.3 endothelial cells. Cell viability tests revealed that after 3 hour and 18 hour exposures, 10 µmol/L gossypol caused 23% and 65% cell death, respectively; 3 µmol/L gossypol caused no and 21% cell death, respectively. [Ca2+]i was raised concentration‐dependently by 1‐10 µmol/L gossypol. We then explored the Ca2+ signalling triggered by 3 µmol/L gossypol, which inflicted minimal toxicity: the Ca2+ signal was composed largely of Ca2+ influx and to a small extent, intracellular Ca2+ release. Such Ca2+ influx was much larger than store‐operated Ca2+ influx triggered by maximal Ca2+ pool depletion. The Ca2+ influx triggered by 3 and 10 µmol/L gossypol caused NO release and cell death, respectively. Gossypol also triggered influx of Mn2+ and Na+, but not Ni2+ and Co2+. Gossypol‐triggered Ca2+ signal was inhibited only by 14% and 37% by 100 µmol/L La3+ and 10 µmol/L nimodipine, respectively; and not suppressed at all by 5 mmol/L Ni2+. Gossypol‐triggered Ca2+ signal was suppressed by 78% by 30 µmol/L ruthenium red, suggesting gossypol may act on TRPV channels. Our results suggest gossypol triggered opening of a non‐selective cation pore, possibly a member of the TRPV family.
Use of the malnutrition screening tool by non‐dietitians to identify at‐risk patients in a rehabilitation setting: A validation study
Authors: Wester Paulina , Angus Rebecca , Easlea Dayle , Lin Michelle , Chen Benjamin , Bisset Leanne 
Published: March 2018

AimMalnutrition is highly prevalent in rehabilitation patients, and screening is important to allow for timely intervention to reduce the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the commonly employed malnutrition screening tool by non‐dietitian staff in categorising patients at risk of malnutrition in the rehabilitation setting.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study recruited 100 participants on admission to a rehabilitation ward. The malnutrition screening tool was applied by nursing staff and repeated by nutrition assistants. Results were compared to malnutrition as determined by dietitian‐applied subjective global assessment of each patient. Inter‐rater reliability tests were conducted with two dietitians, two nutrition assistants and two nurses independently but simultaneously recording malnutrition screening tool scores on a subgroup of 15 participants.ResultsAgreement between dietitian‐determined malnutrition and risk as identified by nutrition assistant and nursing staff screening tool application was only modest (64% and 51%, respectively). While both professions met the a priori criteria for acceptable specificity (≥60%), neither met the criterion for adequate sensitivity (≥80%). The inter‐rater reliability of the tool was excellent, with almost perfect agreement (≥0.89) between ward dietitian and nutrition assistants, and moderate to substantial agreement (0.56–0.65) with nursing staff, when compared to a senior dietitian.ConclusionsNon‐dietitian staff failed to apply the malnutrition screening tool with sufficient sensitivity in normal ward practice to warrant its use in the rehabilitation setting. Alternative options for identification of malnutrition need to be considered to ensure appropriate treatment.
Are freelancers a breed apart? The role of protean and boundaryless career attitudes in employability and career success
Authors: Lo Presti Alessandro , Pluviano Sara , Briscoe Jon P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent economic and organisational changes have fostered an increasing diversification of the workforce, among whom freelancers are an under‐represented population in the literature. This study aimed at examining the role of protean and boundaryless career, professional commitment, and employability activities in fostering freelancers' subjective career success. Data were collected via an online survey among a sample of 425 Italian freelancers and analysed through structural equation modelling. Results partially confirmed several hypotheses: higher self‐directed career management and boundaryless mindset predicted higher employability activities and professional commitment; moreover, employability and professional commitment acted as mediators between career attitudes and subjective career success. The study provides support for the importance of such variables to freelancers' career success, as well as for the significance of protean and boundaryless careers among nontraditional occupational groups. Interventions aimed at fostering such attitudes could support freelancers in improving their attainment of professional progress and perception of career success.
Text Messaging to Reduce Alcohol Relapse in Prelisting Liver Transplant Candidates: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: DeMartini Kelly S. , Schilsky Michael L. , Palmer Amanda , Fehon Dwain C. , Zimbrean Paula , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Lee Hochang B. , Toll Benjamin A. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundMany liver transplantation programs require documented alcohol sobriety prior to United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) listing. This pilot study examined the feasibility of the first mobile, alcohol relapse prevention intervention for liver transplant patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD).MethodsThis was a randomized 8‐week pilot feasibility trial of a text message‐based alcohol intervention. In‐treatment assessment was conducted at 4 weeks (4W), and immediate posttreatment assessment was conducted at 8W. Participants were liver transplant candidates (N = 15) diagnosed with ALD who reported at least 1 drinking episode in the past year. Primary feasibility outcomes were percent of messages responded to and posttreatment intervention satisfaction ratings. Preliminary clinical efficacy outcomes were any biologically confirmed alcohol consumption, stress, abstinence self‐efficacy, and alcohol craving.ResultsOn feasibility outcomes, participants responded to 81% of messages received and reported high rates of intervention satisfaction, looked forward to receiving the messages, and found it easy to complete the intervention. On preliminary efficacy outcomes, zero participants in the text message (TM) had positive urine alcohol tests at 8W. Two of the 6 participants in standard care (SC) tested positive at 8W. No effects were seen on craving. For stress, a condition × time interaction emerged. TM participants had less stress at 4W and 8W compared with SC at baseline. They maintained their stress level during the intervention. For self‐efficacy, a trend for condition effect emerged. TM participants had higher self‐efficacy than SC participants.ConclusionsParticipants reported high satisfaction with the intervention, looked forward to the messages, and found it easy to complete. Participants who received the intervention had better treatment outcomes than those who received standard care. They maintained higher levels of self‐efficacy and lower stress. Mobile alcohol interventions may hold significant promise to help ALD liver transplant patients maintain sobriety.