bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of suitable behaviour change techniques for lifestyle change in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities: A Delphi study
Authors: Willems Mariël , Waninge Aly , de Jong Johan , Hilgenkamp Thessa I. M. , van der Schans Cees P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPromotion of a healthy lifestyle for individuals with mild intellectual disabilities is important. However, the suitability of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) for these individuals is still unclear.MethodsA Delphi study was performed using the Coventry, Aberdeen & LOndon – REfined (CALO‐RE) taxonomy of BCTs (n = 40). Health professionals (professional caregivers, behavioural scientists, health professionals, intellectual disability physicians) participated in an online survey to determine whether BCTs were suitable or unsuitable. Comments from participants were analysed qualitatively.ResultsConsensus was reached for 25 BCTs out of 40.The most suitable BCTs were barrier identification (97%), set graded tasks (97%) and reward effort towards behaviour (95%). No significant differences were found for intergroup effects.ConclusionRegardless of their position and education level, health professionals reached consensus about the suitability of BCTs for individuals with mild intellectual disabilities. Increased use of these BCTs could result in more effective promotion of a healthy lifestyle.
Differentiation of functional gastrointestinal disorders from healthy volunteers by lactulose hydrogen breath test and test meal
Authors: Schindler Valeria , Giezendanner Stéphanie , Bütikofer Simon , Murray Fritz , Runggaldier Daniel , Schnurre Larissa , Zweig Annina , Fried Michael , Pohl Daniel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disorder of gut–brain interaction with incompletely understood pathophysiology. Consequently, heterogeneous expert opinions on diagnostic tests and assessment of treatment efficacies exist. So far, no consensus about the most relevant diagnostic and outcome tool has been reached. In this study, we aimed to analyze the significance of a combined lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT) and liquid meal, yet representing a standardized test in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in FD.MethodsWe analyzed data of 146 FD, 204 IBS patients, and 50 healthy volunteers (HV). All patients underwent LHBT with a meal‐drink consisting of 30‐g Lactulose and 400‐mL Ensure®. Effect of abdominal symptom generation in FD/IBS compared with HV was assessed on a patient‐reported Likert‐scale.ResultsThere was a significant difference between FD/IBS patients and HV in LHBT‐induced abdominal pain (odds ratio [OR] 246.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 26.6–2290.7; OR 161.2, 95% CI 16.9–1534.8), abdominal bloating (OR 384.8, 95% CI 92.9–2135.4; OR 524.1, 95% CI 114.7–3432.3), borborygmi (OR 9.9, 95% CI 2.2–46.9; OR 17.7, 95% CI 4.7–67.4), nausea only in FD (OR 174.4, 95% CI 15.5–5375.5), and diarrhea in IBS only (OR 25.8, 95% CI 2.0–7012.6). Hydrogen production was not significantly different in FD/IBS and HV.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrated significant differences in postprandial symptom generation in FD and IBS compared with HV after LHBT. This does not only allow us to discriminate FD/IBS from HV but may also represent a diagnostic and monitoring tool for FD/IBS in the future, including monitoring of treatment effects.
Disease course of inflammatory bowel disease unclassified in a European population‐based inception cohort: An Epi‐IBD study
Authors: Burisch Johan , Zammit Stefania Chetcuti , Ellul Pierre , Turcan Svetlana , Duricova Dana , Bortlik Martin , Andersen Karina Winther , Andersen Vibeke , Kaimakliotis Ioannis P , Fumery Mathurin , Gower‐Rousseau Corinne , Girardin Giulia , Valpiani Daniela , Goldis Adrian , Brinar Marko , Čuković‐Čavka Silvija , Oksanen Pia , Collin Pekka , Barros Luisa , Magro Fernando , Misra Ravi , Arebi Naila , Eriksson Carl , Halfvarson Jonas , Kievit Hendrika Adriana Linda , Pedersen Natalia , Kjeldsen Jens , Myers Sally , Sebastian Shaji , Katsanos Konstantinos H , Christodoulou Dimitrios K , Midjord Jóngerð , Nielsen Kári Rubek , Kiudelis Gediminas , Kupcinskas Limas , Nikulina Inna , Belousova Elena , Schwartz Doron , Odes Selwyn , Salupere Riina , Carmona Amalia , Pineda Juan R , Vegh Zsuzsanna , Lakatos Peter L , Langholz Ebbe , Munkholm Pia ,   for the Epi‐IBD group
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimA definitive diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) is not always possible, and a proportion of patients will be diagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU). The aim of the study was to investigate the prognosis of patients initially diagnosed with IBDU and the disease course during the following 5 years.MethodsThe Epi‐IBD study is a prospective population‐based cohort of 1289 IBD patients diagnosed in centers across Europe. Clinical data were captured prospectively throughout the follow‐up period.ResultsOverall, 476 (37%) patients were initially diagnosed with CD, 701 (54%) with UC, and 112 (9%) with IBDU. During follow‐up, 28 (25%) IBDU patients were changed diagnoses to either UC (n = 20, 71%) or CD (n = 8, 29%) after a median of 6 months (interquartile range: 4–12), while 84 (7% of the total cohort) remained IBDU. A total of 17 (15%) IBDU patients were hospitalized for their IBD during follow‐up, while 8 (7%) patients underwent surgery. Most surgeries (n = 6, 75%) were performed on patients whose diagnosis was later changed to UC; three of these colectomies led to a definitive diagnosis of UC. Most patients (n = 107, 96%) received 5‐aminosalicylic acid, while 11 (10%) patients received biologicals, of whom five remained classified as IBDU.ConclusionsIn a population‐based inception cohort, 7% of IBD patients were not given a definitive diagnosis of IBD after 5 years of follow‐up. One in four patients with IBDU eventually was classified as CD or UC. Overall, the disease course and medication burden in IBDU patients were mild.
Remembering the past against the grain: an analysis of the reconstructions of the past inThe Sunday News's ‘Lest We Forget’ column
Authors: Tshuma Lungile Augustine , Ndlovu Mphathisi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMemories of the nationalist struggle are fervently contested in Zimbabwean public spaces such as the media. This paper examines the emergence of the counter‐hegemonic historical narratives in the state‐controlled media that seek to subvert the dominant nationalist discourses propagated by the ruling party, Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF). Focusing on theSunday News'sLest We Forgetnewspaper column, the paper analyses the representations of the role played by the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) in the liberation struggle, a nationalist movement whose contributions are marginalised and obscured in the official nationalist historiography. Given that in Zimbabwe the state‐owned media are generally viewed as mouthpieces of the ruling party, this paper identifies the tensions in theSunday Newsas alternative historical memories are being reproduced and sustained. Drawing upon the critical discourse analysis (CDA) method, this article argues that alternative historical imaginations are rekindled in the state media.
Outcomes and experiences of relatives of patients discharged home after critical illness: a systematic integrative review
Authors: Stayt Louise C , Venes Trevor J 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients discharged from intensive care may experience psychological and physical deficits resulting in a long and complex rehabilitation upon discharge. Relatives are also vulnerable to psychological pathologies and diminished health‐related quality of life following the patients' critical illness. Relatives often provide care during the patients' rehabilitation, which may influence their health.AimTo report the outcomes and experiences of relatives of patients discharged home after critical illness.DesignSystematic integrative review.MethodsElectronic databases Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Embase®, and PsychINFO® were searched using keywords, synonyms, and medical subject headings. Reference lists of articles and critical care journals were manually searched. Studies eligible for inclusion reported primary research and were published in English between 2007 and 2017. Studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. Data were extracted and then analysed according to framework.FindingsTwenty‐five studies were included: 19 quantitative, 4 qualitative, and 1 mixed method study. Three themes were identified: health and well‐being, employment and lifestyle, and caregiving role. Health and well‐being reports the incidence and significance of psychological morbidity such as post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. Employment and lifestyle describes the impact of caregiving on the relative's ability to work and engage in usual social activities. The final theme describes and discusses the caregiving role in terms of activities of daily living, knowledge and skills, and adaption to the role.ConclusionsThere is a significant and meaningful impact on outcomes and experiences of relatives of patients discharged home after critical illness. Relatives' caregiving is embedded within the context of their psychological morbidity and social adjustment.Relevance to practiceIf informal care giving is to be sustainable, there is a need to design effective strategies of supporting families through all stages of the critical illness trajectory.
Governance in the Post‐Soviet Era: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Baimenov Alikhan , Liebert Saltanat 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Soviet Union's demise, the countries formerly comprising it embarked on massive reforms to transition from socialist to market‐driven economies. This transition also required substantial transformation of their governance systems. In this Viewpoint essay, the authors reflect on critical reforms in human resource management, ethics management, and anti‐corruption, and highlight successful initiatives in these fields. They also discuss the role of the Astana Civil Service Hub in helping the countries in the region to jointly look for solutions to common governance challenges and to learn from policies and strategies that proved effective for their peers. The authors conclude by identifying the common elements of effective public administration reforms in the post‐Soviet setting.
Interprofessional Education for Cancer Care
Authors: McKinlay Eileen , White Kristen , McChesney Pauline , Hardie Claire , Higgs Rebekah , Hilder Jo , Gallagher Peter 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundCancer care is typically delivered by a range of health professionals, and is frequently a uniprofessional pre‐registration clinical placement. A workplace‐based, 6‐hour interprofessional education (IPE) pilot on cancer care, led by clinical tutors, was undertaken in a New Zealand hospital, accompanied by an external evaluation. The pilot involved a cohort of 21 dietetic, medicine, pharmacy, physiotherapy and radiation therapy students. The aim of the evaluation was to determine student and tutor reactions to IPE, and any changes in perceptions and attitudes.MethodsThe evaluation used focus groups to collect data: two student groups and one tutor group. Focus groups were audio‐recorded, transcribed; the content was coded and then analysed.ResultsBoth students and tutors reported benefits from having IPE in the workplace environment, with cancer care seen as a suitable topic. Students reported a better understanding of professional roles, skills and the provision of collaborative care, and suggested other professions should be included in future IPE. Patient selection needed to be better tailored for physiotherapy students to ensure uniform relevance. As a result of competing demands, tutors found that they needed an 18‐month lead time to establish the IPE programme. Tutors felt that the programme had gone relatively smoothly and that they had benefitted from forming closer interpersonal relationships, but noted considerable unanticipated and unremunerated preparation time.DiscussionThis short workplace‐based IPE programme elicited a positive student and tutor response, but highlighted the need for improvements: broadening the topic area, targeted patient selection, including more professions and providing administrative support for tutors.Cancer care was generally seen as a suitable topic
Brief behavioural intervention, delivered as standard care, to support physical activity engagement in men with prostate cancer: a pilot study protocol
Authors: Fox Louis , Wiseman Theresa , Cahill Declan , Fleure Louisa , Kinsella Janette , Van Hemelrijck Mieke 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionPhysical activity is beneficial to men with prostate cancer, but there remain barriers to fulfilling the potential of National Health Service trusts to support men with prostate cancer to be physically active. This article describes protocols for two pilot studies, each conducted in a different setting, designed to assess the potential of a behavioural intervention to affect patients’ motivation to exercise. The intervention is theory based and inspired by recent empirical observations.Methods and analysisThe intervention consists of a 10 min talk, delivered to patients by a man with a history of prostate cancer treatment and a good experience of exercise, as part of their standard care. This talk either takes place in a preradical prostatectomy seminar (study one), or a post-treatment seminar designed to assist patients in adjusting to life after treatment (study two). Outcomes will be compared between patients attending the existing seminar format, and patients attending the novel seminar format. The two primary outcomes are: (1) differences in self-reported physical activity before and 90 days after the seminar and (2) the likelihood of the patient seeing an in-house exercise physiotherapist in those 90 days. Data on quality of life, fatigue and exercise behavioural regulations will also be captured at the same time points.Ethics and disseminationThese two projects have been approved by internal clinical audit committees due to their focus on service improvement. Findings from these pilot studies will be presented at oncology meetings and submitted for publication in academic journals.
Face scale rating of perceived exertion during cardiopulmonary exercise test
Authors: Morishita Shinichiro , Tsubaki Atsuhiro , Nashimoto Satoshi , Fu Jack B , Onishi Hideaki 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the correlation between the face scale and heart rate (HR), exercise load and oxygen uptake (V̇O2) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study of face scale rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and HR, exercise load and V̇O2during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. A total of 30 healthy college men and 21 healthy college women were included. Subjects performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test with ramps and an increment increase in workload of 20 W/min. We recorded the responses of subjects using a face scale for RPE, HR, exercise load and V̇O2every minute during the cardiopulmonary exercise test.ResultsIn men, there was a significant positive correlation between the face scale RPE and HR (ρ=0.856, p<0.01), exercise load (ρ=0.888, p<0.01) and V̇O2(ρ=0.878, p<0.01) during the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Similarly, in women, there was a significant positive correlation between the face scale RPE and HR (ρ=0.885, p<0.01), exercise load (ρ=0.908, p<0.01) and V̇O2(ρ=0.895, p<0.01) during the cardiopulmonary exercise tests.ConclusionThe face scale proposed in this study was related to physiological parameters, which suggests that it may be used to determine the intensity of exercise in healthy adults.
Binimetinib plus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Phase I/II Trial in Patients with Advanced Biliary Cancers
Authors: Lowery Maeve A. , Bradley Mikaela , Chou Joanne F. , Capanu Marinela , Gerst Scott , Harding James J. , Dika Imane El , Berger Michael , Zehir Ahmet , Ptashkin Ryan , Wong Philip , Rasalan-Ho Teresa , Yu Kenneth H. , Cercek Andrea , Morgono Ezra , Salehi Erica , Valentino Emily , Hollywood Ellen , O'Reilly Eileen M. , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Mutations in the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway are commonly found in biliary tract cancer (BTC). Binimetinib, a selective inhibitor of MEK1/2, has single-agent activity. Preclinical data support binimetinib combination with chemotherapy, when given in an interrupted dosing schedule.
Patients and Methods: A phase I/II trial evaluated binimetinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with untreated advanced BTC. The primary endpoints were to determine the MTD (phase I), and PFS 6 and RR (phase II). Tumor tissue for targeted gene sequencing and blood samples for peripheral blood pERK expression were evaluated. Patients received oral binimetinib twice daily with gemcitabine and cisplatin on day 8 and 15 of a 21-day cycle. Binimetinib was held for 2 days prior to and on day of each chemotherapy treatment.

Results:
Twelve patients enrolled in the phase I showed the MTD of binimetinib at 45 mg orally twice daily with gemcitabine 800 and cisplatin 20 mg/m2. Twenty-nine patients were treated in the phase II. Six patients treated at MTD in phase I were evaluable as part of phase II. PFS 6 months was 54% and RR was 36%. Median overall survival was 13.3 months (95% CI, 9.8–16.5). MSK-IMPACT 410-gene panel showed aberrations in the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway and mutations in PIK3CA, AKT2, PIK3CG, BRAF, and MAP3K1 in responding patients.

Conclusions:
Binimetinib with gemcitabine and cisplatin did not show an improvement in PFS 6 and RR. Molecular profiling may help select patients who may benefit from this triplet therapy, which is not planned at this time.
A Mechanism of Resistance to Antibody-Targeted Immune Attack
Authors: Aldeghaither Dalal S. , Zahavi David J. , Murray Joseph C. , Fertig Elana J. , Graham Garrett T. , Zhang Yong-Wei , O'Connell Allison , Ma Junfeng , Jablonski Sandra A. , Weiner Louis M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTargeted monoclonal antibody therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) represents a crucial mechanism underlying these approaches. The majority of patients have limited responses to monoclonal antibody therapy due to the development of resistance. Models of ADCC provide a system for uncovering immune-resistance mechanisms. We continuously exposed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR+) A431 cells to KIR-deficient NK92-CD16V effector cells and the anti-EGFR cetuximab. Persistent ADCC exposure yielded ADCC-resistant cells (ADCCR1) that, compared with control ADCC-sensitive cells (ADCCS1), exhibited reduced EGFR expression, overexpression of histone- and interferon-related genes, and a failure to activate NK cells, without evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These properties gradually reversed following withdrawal of ADCC selection pressure. The development of resistance was associated with lower expression of multiple cell-surface molecules that contribute to cell–cell interactions and immune synapse formation. Classic immune checkpoints did not modulate ADCC in this unique model system of immune resistance. We showed that the induction of ADCC resistance involves genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to a general loss of target cell adhesion properties that are required for the establishment of an immune synapse, killer cell activation, and target cell cytotoxicity.
Intracranial Vessel Wall Lesions on 7T MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Authors: Zwartbol Maarten H.T. , van der Kolk Anja G. , Ghaznawi Rashid , van der Graaf Yolanda , Hendrikse Jeroen , Geerlings Mirjam I. ,   on behalf of the SMART Study Group
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—
Intracranial vessel wall lesions are a novel imaging marker of intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS), but data on their occurrence and risk factors are lacking. Our aim was to study the frequency, distribution, and risk factors of intracranial vessel wall lesions on 7T magnetic resonance imaging in patients with a history of vascular disease.

Methods—
Within the SMART-MR study (Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease-Magnetic Resonance), cross-sectional analyses were performed in 130 patients (68±9 years) with assessable 7T intracranial vessel wall–magnetic resonance imaging data. Associations between vascular risk factors and ICAS burden, defined as the total number of vessel wall lesions, were estimated using linear regression analyses with ICAS burden as the dependent variable, adjusted for age and sex.

Results—

Ninety-six percent of patients had ≥1 vessel wall lesion. The mean±SD (range) ICAS burden was 8.5±5.7 (0–32) lesions. Significant associations were found between ICAS burden and age (
b
=2.0 per +10 years; 95% CI, 0.81– 3.10), systolic blood pressure (
b
=0.9 per +10 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.27–1.42), diabetes mellitus (
b
=3.2 for presence of diabetes mellitus; 95% CI, 0.79–5.72), hemoglobin A1c level (
b
=1.2 per +1%; 95% CI, 0.19–2.26), apoB (apolipoprotein-B) (
b
=4.7 per +1 g/L; 95% CI, 0.07–9.35), and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) level (
b
=2.7 for hs-CRP >3 mg/L; 95% CI, 0.22–5.11). No significant associations were found with sex, smoking, and other lipid-factors.

Conclusions—
Vessel wall lesions are a novel and direct magnetic resonance imaging marker of ICAS. In this cohort, 96% of patients had at least 1 lesion on 7T vessel wall–magnetic resonance imaging. More lesions were found with older age, higher systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and higher levels of hemoglobin A1c, apoB, and hs-CRP.
Parameterization of the Bulk Liquid Fraction on Mixed-Phase Particles in the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) Scheme: Description and Idealized Simulations
Authors: Cholette Mélissa , Morrison Hugh , Milbrandt Jason A. , Thériault Julie M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Bulk microphysics parameterizations that are used to represent clouds and precipitation usually allow only solid and liquid hydrometeors. Predicting the bulk liquid fraction on ice allows an explicit representation of mixed-phase particles and various precipitation types, such as wet snow and ice pellets. In this paper, an approach for the representation of the bulk liquid fraction into the predicted particle properties (P3) microphysics scheme is proposed and described. Solid-phase microphysical processes, such as melting and sublimation, have been modified to account for the liquid component. New processes, such as refreezing and condensation of the liquid portion of mixed-phase particles, have been added to the parameterization. Idealized simulations using a one-dimensional framework illustrate the overall behavior of the modified scheme. The proposed approach compares well to a Lagrangian benchmark model. Temperatures required for populations of ice crystals to melt completely also agree well with previous studies. The new processes of refreezing and condensation impact both the surface precipitation type and feedback between the temperature and the phase changes. Overall, prediction of the bulk liquid fraction allows an explicit description of new precipitation types, such as wet snow and ice pellets, and improves the representation of hydrometeor properties when the temperature is near 0°C.