bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls on Yardang Development and Morphology: 1. Field Observations and Measurements at Ocotillo Wells, California
Authors: Pelletier Jon D. , Kapp Paul A. , Abell Jordan , Field Jason P. , Williams Zachary C. , Dorsey Rebecca J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractYardangs are streamlined hills formed in part by the erosive action of wind and wind‐blown sediments. Here we examine the controls on yardang development and morphology using the Ocotillo Wells State Vehicular Recreation Area (OWSVRA), California, as a study site. We measured the compressive strengths, strikes, and dips of bedrock strata, eolian sediment fluxes (including their vertical profiles and spatial variations around yardangs), and erosion rates derived from geologic constraints and multitemporal Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). We used a combination of TLS‐based and airborne lidar‐based Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) to test the applicability of an asymmetric Gaussian function for characterizing yardang form and quantify the relationships among yardang lengths, widths, heights, spacings, and their controlling factors. Yardang aspect ratios are controlled by bedrock structural attributes, specifically by the tangent of the dip and the angle between the strike and the prevailing wind direction. Yardang spacings scale linearly with yardang width. Yardang heights increase as the square root of width such that larger yardangs tend to have gentler side slopes. Sediment fluxes reach a maximum in the troughs among yardangs, consistent with the hypothesis that yardang development involves the focusing of wind and wind‐blown sediments into troughs. The vertical distribution of eolian sediment flux follows a power law with an exponent of −2.5, a result consistent with an advection‐diffusion‐settling model of transport near the saltation‐suspension transition. Erosion rates are several mm/yr over time scales of ~100 and ~106 years.
One or Two Early Cretaceous Arc Systems in the Lhasa Terrane, Southern Tibet
Authors: Li Shi‐Min , Wang Qing , Zhu Di‐Cheng , Stern Robert J. , Cawood Peter A. , Sui Qing‐Lin , Zhao Zhidan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSpatial and temporal variations of arc‐related magmatism are key to determining the subduction polarity of incompletely preserved arc systems. Petrographic, geochronological, geochemical, and isotope data of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the northern Lhasa Terrane around Yanhu indicate south dipping subduction of the Bangong Tethys. Two distinct calc‐alkaline magmatic successions are recognized: older medium‐K basalts and Mg‐rich andesites (131–116 Ma), and younger high‐K basalts and trachyandesites (116–110 Ma). The medium‐K basalts exhibit a typical arc signature, whereas the medium‐K andesites show higher MgO contents relative to arc andesites. The medium‐K series are interpreted as partial melting of a metasomatized mantle wedge source at lower pressure and greater water activity in generating the Mg‐rich andesites. The high‐K series are characterized by enrichments in highly incompatible elements and are considered as low‐degree partial melting of asthenosphere mantle source that was previously metasomatized. All samples show arc‐related signatures, which indicate the development of what we term the Baingoin‐Yanhu arc in the northern Lhasa Terrane. This observation, in combination with the distribution of Early Cretaceous arc magmatism across the Lhasa Terrane, which prior to subsequent deformation had a width of at least 600 km, requires the existence of two arc systems flanking the Lhasa Terrane and related to opposed oceanic plate subduction: north dipping subduction of the Neo‐Tethys and south dipping subduction of the Bangong Tethys. Compositional change from medium‐K to high‐K calc‐alkaline volcanism around Yanhu records changing mantle geodynamics, which we infer to reflect rollback and breakoff of the south dipping Bangong Tethyan slab.
An Indoor Path Loss Prediction Model Using Wall Correction Factors for Wireless Local Area Network and 5G Indoor Networks
Authors: Obeidat H. A. , Asif R. , Ali N. T. , Dama Y. A. , Obeidat O. A. , Jones S. M. R. , Shuaieb W. S. , Al‐Sadoon M. A. , Hameed K. W. , Alabdullah A. A. , Abd‐Alhameed R. A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA modified indoor path loss prediction model is presented, namely, effective wall loss model. The modified model is compared to other indoor path loss prediction models using simulation data and real‐time measurements. Different operating frequencies and antenna polarizations are considered to verify the observations. In the simulation part, effective wall loss model shows the best performance among other models as it outperforms 2 times the dual‐slope model, which is the second best performance. Similar observations were recorded from the experimental results. Linear attenuation and one‐slope models have similar behavior, the two models parameters show dependency on operating frequency and antenna polarization.
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Rearrangements
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIsomerizationEpoxidesVinylic EthersPinacol and Related RearrangementsRing RearrangementRing OpeningRing ContractionRing ExpansionElectrocyclic RearrangementsMiscellaneous Rearrangements
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Condensation Reactions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcetoacetic EsterAcyloin and Related ReactionsBenzoin and Related ReactionsDieckmann and Related ReactionsMannichMichaelThorpe–ZieglerAldol and Related ReactionsOther Condensation Reactions
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Carbonylation and Related Reactions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlkanesFree RadicalsOrganolithium CompoundsOrganoboron CompoundsOrganoindium CompoundsOrganosilicon CompoundsOrganotin CompoundsOrganobismuth CompoundsOrganotitanium CompoundsOrganozirconium CompoundsOrganochromium CompoundsOrganomolybdenum CompoundsOrganotungsten CompoundsOrganomanganese CompoundsOrganoiron CompoundsOrganoruthenium CompoundsOrganocobalt CompoundsOrganorhodium CompoundsOrganoiridium CompoundsOrganonickel CompoundsOrganopalladium CompoundsOrganoplatinum CompoundsOrganocopper CompoundsOrganozinc CompoundsOrganomercury CompoundsOrganosamarium CompoundsHydroformylationHydroacylation and Related Reactions
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Nucleophilic Acylation
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCyanohydrin DerivativesIsonitrilesIron Carbonyl ReagentsAllylic AmidesAllylic Ethers and CarbamatesVinylic EthersOther Metallated EthersBenzotriazole DerivativesMiscellaneous Nucleophilic Acylation Reactions
Susceptibility‐weighted and diffusion kurtosis imaging to evaluate encephalomalacia with epilepsy after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Li Wenbin , Wang Xuan , Wei Xiaoer , Wang Mingliang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveEncephalomalacia after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the factors leading to epilepsy. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to explore the brain image features of epilepsy after traumatic encephalomalacia, and to provide objective evidence for predicting the possible occurrence of epilepsy after traumatic encephalomalacia.MethodsTwo‐hundred‐fifty‐two patients with traumatic encephalomalacia were prospectively enrolled in the study. All patients underwent MRI after discharge from the hospital. At the 1‐year follow‐up, participants were divided into epilepsy and nonepilepsy groups. All participants underwent MRI including conventional imaging, susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). The lesion volume, iron deposition, mean diffusion (MD), and mean kurtosis (MK) around the lesions were calculated for each group and compared using t‐tests. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsSixty patients with epilepsy and 91 without epilepsy were reported. There were no significant differences in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), lesion volume, encephalomalacia, or MD values between the two groups. Iron deposition was significantly higher in the epilepsy group (P < 0.05). The MK values were significantly different (P < 0.05).InterpretationAdvanced MRI is an important means of evaluating risk of developing epilepsy at 1 year due to encephalomalacia in patients with TBI. SWI and DKI could be used to assess the microstructural changes around the encephalomalacia, and therefore be used to evaluate risk of developing epilepsy at 1 year.
An image‐based model of brain volume biomarker changes in Huntington's disease
Authors: Wijeratne Peter A. , Young Alexandra L. , Oxtoby Neil P. , Marinescu Razvan V. , Firth Nicholas C. , Johnson Eileanoir B. , Mohan Amrita , Sampaio Cristina , Scahill Rachael I. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Alexander Daniel C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveDetermining the sequence in which Huntington's disease biomarkers become abnormal can provide important insights into the disease progression and a quantitative tool for patient stratification. Here, we construct and present a uniquely fine‐grained model of temporal progression of Huntington's disease from premanifest through to manifest stages.MethodsWe employ a probabilistic event‐based model to determine the sequence of appearance of atrophy in brain volumes, learned from structural MRI in the Track‐HD study, as well as to estimate the uncertainty in the ordering. We use longitudinal and phenotypic data to demonstrate the utility of the patient staging system that the resulting model provides.ResultsThe model recovers the following order of detectable changes in brain region volumes: putamen, caudate, pallidum, insula white matter, nonventricular cerebrospinal fluid, amygdala, optic chiasm, third ventricle, posterior insula, and basal forebrain. This ordering is mostly preserved even under cross‐validation of the uncertainty in the event sequence. Longitudinal analysis performed using 6 years of follow‐up data from baseline confirms efficacy of the model, as subjects consistently move to later stages with time, and significant correlations are observed between the estimated stages and nonimaging phenotypic markers.InterpretationWe used a data‐driven method to provide new insight into Huntington's disease progression as well as new power to stage and predict conversion. Our results highlight the potential of disease progression models, such as the event‐based model, to provide new insight into Huntington's disease progression and to support fine‐grained patient stratification for future precision medicine in Huntington's disease.
Automated verbal credibility assessment of intentions: The model statement technique and predictive modeling
Authors: Kleinberg Bennett , van der Toolen Yaloe , Vrij Aldert , Arntz Arnoud , Verschuere Bruno 
Published: April 2018

SummaryRecently, verbal credibility assessment has been extended to the detection of deceptive intentions, the use of a model statement, and predictive modeling. The current investigation combines these 3 elements to detect deceptive intentions on a large scale. Participants read a model statement and wrote a truthful or deceptive statement about their planned weekend activities (Experiment 1). With the use of linguistic features for machine learning, more than 80% of the participants were classified correctly. Exploratory analyses suggested that liars included more person and location references than truth‐tellers. Experiment 2 examined whether these findings replicated on independent‐sample data. The classification accuracies remained well above chance level but dropped to 63%. Experiment 2 corroborated the finding that liars' statements are richer in location and person references than truth‐tellers' statements. Together, these findings suggest that liars may over‐prepare their statements. Predictive modeling shows promise as an automated veracity assessment approach but needs validation on independent data.
Incidence and Prevalence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Lauper Kim , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Chevallier Paola , Finckh Axel , Gabay Cem 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a large observational cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients.MethodsWe conducted a mixed retrospective and prospective cohort study using data from patients with RA, PsA, or axial SpA included in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management registry. The primary outcome of interest was a composite of myocardial infarction, transient or permanent cerebrovascular event, or cardiovascular‐associated death.ResultsA total of 5,315 patients were eligible for the analysis of incidence, with a total follow‐up time of 37,495 patient‐years for RA, 19,837 patient‐years for axial SpA, and 9,171 patient‐years for PsA. The unadjusted incidence rate of MACE per 1,000 patient‐years was 2.67 for RA, 1.41 for axial SpA, and 1.42 for PsA. Compared to the unadjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in patients with RA, those in patients with axial SpA were 0.53 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.34–0.80; P = 0.003) and in patients with PsA were 0.53 (95% CI 0.30–0.95; P = 0.03). After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, age at disease onset, sex, and disease duration, the difference was not significant between RA and axial SpA (adjusted IRR 0.93 [95% CI 0.51–1.69]; P = 0.80) or between RA and PsA (adjusted IRR 0.56 [95% CI 0.27–1.14]; P = 0.11). We found a similar result with the analysis of prevalence.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the incidence and prevalence of MACE between RA and axial SpA or PsA, suggesting that inflammation, rather than a particular disease, drives the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Fuzzy adaptive leader‐following consensus of second‐order multiagent systems with imprecise communication topology structure
Authors: Chen Jiaxi , Li Junmin , Wu Hui 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe consensus problem of second‐order nonlinear multiagent systems (MAS) with imprecise communication topology structure is addressed in this paper. Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy models are presented to describe the leader‐following MAS with imprecise communication topology structure. By designing the distributed adaptive controller, an efficient framework is proposed for the consensus control of the MAS with both uncertain parameters and input disturbances. Under the conditions that the communication topology is fuzzy union connected and the dynamics of the leader agent is unknown to any agent of followers, the proposed protocol can guarantee that the consensus errors asymptotically approach zeros. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is extended to solve the formation control problem. Sufficient conditions are given for the consensus and formation problems of the MAS based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, a numerical example and multiple pendulum systems are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control protocols.
Copper‐Catalyzed Successive C−C bond formations on Indoles or Pyrrole: A Convergent Synthesis of Symmetric and Unsymmetric Hydroxyl Substituted N‐H Carbazoles
Authors: Qiao Yu , Wu Xin‐Xing , Zhao Yupeng , Sun Yongqing , Li Baoguo , Chen Shufeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed successive C−Cbond formations on indoles and pyrrole approach for the direct synthesis of hydroxyl substituted N‐H carbazoles is described. The current process represents an atom‐economical method for the preparation of both symmetric and unsymmetric densely substituted and hydroxyl containing N‐H carbazoles from easily accessible starting materials without the need for expensive metals and harsh reaction conditions.magnified image
Morphology characterization and the phase separation behavior of UHMWPE/recycled‐PA6 blends using FTIR imaging and thermomechanical analysis
Authors: Yang Xiuying , Yuan Zhihua , Cheng Junye , Yan Eryun , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Deqing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhase morphology and phase separation behavior are always important factors affecting polymer blends’ properties. Here, we employed FTIR imaging technique and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) to characterize the phase morphology and phase separation behavior of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/recycled‐polyamide 6 (R‐PA6) blends, which were prepared via extrusion using high‐density polyethylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (HDPE‐g‐MAH) as the compatibilizer. The crystallization and thermal properties of UHMWPE/R‐PA6/HDPE‐g‐MAH were discussed from the viewpoint of phase behavior of the blend. Morphology characterization and TMA analysis indicated that UHMWPE and R‐PA6 were thermodynamically incompatible phases, and R‐PA6 phase was continuous and UHMWPE phase was dispersed phased, respectively. X‐ray diffraction results showed that the interaction between the blending components adversely affected the crystal growth of the components, resulting in reduced crystallization in the blends. It was demonstrated that the morphology and phase separation behavior of the components affected the thermal properties of the blends.
Ecological niche modeling of the genus Papio
Authors: Fuchs Amanda J. , Gilbert Christopher C. , Kamilar Jason M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveEcological niche modeling (ENM) has been used to assess how abiotic variables influence species distributions and diversity. Baboons are broadly distributed throughout Africa, yet the degree of climatic specialization is largely unexplored for individual taxa. Also, the influence of climate on baboon phylogenetic divergence is unknown. In this study, we constructed ENMs to investigate how niches vary across Papio species to understand how climatic variables have influenced their biogeography and mode of speciation.Materials and MethodsWe used Maxent to generate ENMs by collating locality data for six Papio species and climate information from WorldClim. In addition, we examined the degree of niche overlap among all possible pairs of taxa, which can provide insight into patterns of species diversity. Lastly, we conducted a Mantel test to assess the relationship between niche overlap and estimated time since divergence.ResultsOur models performed moderately to extremely well, with a mean area under the curve value of 0.868. The species with the best models include P. papio and P. kindae, whereas P. hamadryas had the poorest models. We found that most species pairs exhibited significantly different niches. Lastly, we found no significant correlation between niche overlap and divergence times.DiscussionNiche models had good predictive power, which indicates Papio species distributions are correlated with climatic variables to varying degrees. Significantly little niche overlap and incomplete geographic boundaries suggests these models generally support a parapatric speciation scenario for the genus Papio.
Effect of Acid Modification of Soy Glycinin on Its Interfacial and Emulsifying Properties
Authors: Abirached Cecilia , Medrano Alejandra , Añón María C. , Panizzolo Luis A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSoybean glycinin [11S] was modified by an acidic pH treatment to improve its emulsifying properties. Glycinin was obtained by isoelectric precipitation (11Sn) and then treated with acid (11St). The oil–water interfacial tension and rheology were measured. The rate constants of adsorption (ka) and rearrangement (kr) of proteins at the interface and the dilational (E), elastic (Ed), and viscous modulus (Ev) of the protein interfacial film were determined. Particle size distribution (PSD), interfacial protein concentration (Γ), and the creaming destabilization rate constants ks (for the smaller droplets) and kl (for the larger droplets) were analyzed in oil‐in‐water emulsions (25% v/v of oil and 75% v/v of 1 mg/mL protein solution in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffers, pH 7.0 and 2.5, respectively).Compared to the native protein, the acid treatment caused irreversible denaturation of 11S and significantly increased Г, ka, E, Ed, and Ev (P ≤ 0.05), resulting in a greater rate of protein adsorption to the interface and a stronger interfacial film. PSD showed a bimodal distribution with peaks above and below 4 μm. Smaller droplets moved toward smaller diameters for 11St. It also showed lower values of creaming destabilization constants ks (d ≤ 4 μm) and kl (d ≥ 4 μm) than 11Sn. In conclusion, acid treatment of 11S enhances the creaming stability of its emulsions by improving the interfacial properties and reducing the droplet size.
Blended films containing polybutyrolactam and chitosan for potential wound dressing applications
Authors: Wu De , Wei Wu , Li Hong , Wang Xuehong , Wang Tinglan , Tang Songchao , Li Quan , Yao Yuan , Pan Yongkang , Wei Jie 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, polybutyrolactam (PBA) was synthesized, and the PBA/chitosan (CS) blended films were fabricated for wound dressings. The results showed that the surface roughness of the blended films decreased with the increasing ratios of CS. In addition, the tensile strength of the film with 50 wt % CS (NC50) was about 33.6 MPa and the highest compared with other films. The hydrophilicity of the blended films gradually decreased while the water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) increased with the increase of CS content. Moreover, the blended films could be biodegradable in phosphate buffer saline. Both PBA and blended films were non‐toxic and good for L929 cells growth, showing good cytocompatibility. Furthermore, the NC50 was found to promote the cell proliferation better than other groups. It can be suggested that the NC50 combined the advantages of both PBA and CS well. Therefore, the NC50 with good cytocompatibility, mechanical properties, and WVTRs might be suitable for wound dressing applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46511.
A protocol for high‐throughput, untargeted forest community metabolomics using mass spectrometry molecular networks
Authors: Sedio Brian E. , Boya P. Cristopher A. , Rojas Echeverri Juan Camilo 
Published: April 2018

Premise of the StudyWe describe a field collection, sample processing, and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) instrumental and bioinformatics method developed for untargeted metabolomics of plant tissue and suitable for molecular networking applications.Methods and ResultsA total of 613 leaf samples from 204 tree species was collected in the field and analyzed using UHPLC‐MS/MS. Matching of molecular fragmentation spectra generated over 125,000 consensus spectra representing unique molecular structures, 26,410 of which were linked to at least one structurally similar compound.ConclusionsOur workflow is able to generate molecular networks of hundreds of thousands of compounds representing broad classes of plant secondary chemistry and a wide range of molecular masses, from 100 to 2500 daltons, making possible large‐scale comparative metabolomics, as well as studies of chemical community ecology and macroevolution in plants.