bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcomes and predictors of morbi‐mortality according to age in stemi patients with multivessel disease: Impact of an incomplete revascularization
Authors: Rumiz Eva , Berenguer Alberto , Vilar Juan Vicente , Valero Ernesto , Facila Lorenzo , Cubillos Andres , Sanmiguel Dario , Almela Pablo , Morell Salvador 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundOptimal management strategy for patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD) still remains unclear, especially in the elderly population. The aim of this study was to assess long‐term outcomes and predictors of morbi‐mortality according to age in patients with a STEMI and MVD.MethodsWe prospectively included 381 consecutive patients with a STEMI who underwent primary angioplasty and showed MVD in the angiogram. 111 (29.1%) patients were older than 75 (≥75) years and 270 (70.9%) were younger than 75 (<75) years. The co‐primary outcomes were the incidence of all‐cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during follow‐up.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 22 months, patients ≥75 years showed a higher incidence of all‐cause mortality and MACE, as compared to younger patients. On multivariate analysis, incomplete revascularization (IR) was only an independent predictor of MACE (HR = 3.1, CI 95%:1.9‐4.7; P = .02) in younger patients; whereas in the elderly group severely depressed ejection fraction was the unique independent predictor of MACE (HR = 2.7, CI 95%:1.5‐4.8; P = .001). IR was not associated with the risk of all‐cause mortality in any group.ConclusionThis study confirms the relevant prevalence of MVD in STEMI patients, as well as the difference in outcomes of an IR strategy between both age‐groups, being only independently associated with MACE in younger patients. This finding supports that a routine complete revascularization (CR) strategy seems to be the best therapeutic option in younguer patients, whereas in the elderly population may not confer a clear clinical benefit during a long‐term follow‐up.
A case of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis complicated with severe acute pancreatitis induced by decreased lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activity levels in a young Japanese woman
Authors: Minohara Sawa , Bae Sung Kwan , Sugiyama Saori , Shibata Noriko , Gushima Toshifumi , Motoshita Junichi , Shimoda Shinji , Takagi Atsuko , Ikeda Yasuyuki , Takahashi Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe report a case of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis complicated with acute pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia in a young Japanese woman. A precise examination of the lipid profile showed decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase activity levels, while the LPL mass was at the minimum level of the normal range.
Self‐Assembled Ionic Composites of Negatively Charged Zn(salen) Complexes and Triphenylmethane Derived Polycations as Recyclable Catalysts for the Addition of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides
Authors: Kuznetsova Svetlana A. , Rulev Yuri A. , Larionov Vladimir A. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Zubavichus Yan V. , Maleev Victor I. , Li Han , North Michael , Saghyan Ashot S. , Belokon Yuri N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe design and synthesis of a novel type of self‐assembled ionic composite composed of negatively charged Zn(salen) complexes and triphenylmethane derived polycations is reported. These composites were applied as easily recyclable catalysts for carbon dioxide addition to epoxides. The composites functioned as bifunctional catalysts which could be easily separated and recycled by precipitation from the reaction mixture upon addition of tetrachloromethane. The same batch of the catalyst could be employed for, at least, five runs with its catalytic properties improving as it was reused. A fully heterogeneous system was also prepared by cross‐linking leuco dye with para‐dibromoxylene and adding to it calculated amounts of Zn(salen) complex. The heterogeneous system was catalytically competent in the reaction between styrene oxide and carbon dioxide and its activity also increased on its reuse.
Highly Dispersed Cu−NX Moieties Embedded in Graphene: A Promising Electrocatalyst towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Lu Xiangyu , Du Lei , Wang Dan , Yang Peixia , Liu Lilai , Zhang Jinqiu , An Maozhong , Levin Oleg , Wang Jinpeng , Ge Liping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTransition metal–carbon–nitrogen catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are promising and challenging. Cu is a potential transition metal to form efficient ORR catalysts for fuel cells. Herein, a facile method is developed to synthesize a highly dispersed Cu−NX and N‐doped graphene (Cu−N−G) catalyst. The Cu−N−G catalyst shows a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.859 V, which is comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.856 V), and is among the best compared with the previously reported Cu‐based materials. In addition, such a catalyst shows good stability and methanol tolerance in alkaline media. A synergy of doped N (pyridinic and graphitic N) and Cu−NX moieties as well as the pore structure are revealed to account for the enhanced ORR activity.
Magnesiothermic Reduction‐Enabled Synthesis of Si−Ge Alloy Nanoparticles with a Canyon‐Like Surface Structure for Li−Ion Battery
Authors: Ahn Jihoon , Kim Bokyung , Jang Gyumin , Moon Jooho 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new strategy is proposed to synthesize a Si−Ge alloy nanomaterial for a Li‐ion battery anode. Magnesiothermic reduction of the SiO2−GeO2 composite parent material could provide a nanostructured Si−Ge alloy material with unique canyon‐like surface porosity. The nanostructure of Si−Ge alloys could be intentionally controlled and the resulting canyon‐like porous Si−Ge nanoparticle could be successfully utilized as an anode material, achieving satisfactory cell performance. The proposed synthetic approach can potentially scale‐up the production of Si−Ge alloy nanomaterial.
Handling of Multi‐Functionality in Life Cycle Assessments for Steel Mill Gas Based Chemical Production
Authors: Thonemann Nils , Maga Daniel , Petermann Cornelia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLife cycle assessment is needed for quantifying potential greenhouse gas savings through material utilization of steel mill gases. However, methodological guidance for this purpose is lacking. Therefore, the article presents different approaches to handle multi‐functionality. The investigation of steel mill gas based‐methanol shows varying impacts on climate change due to handling multi‐functionality differently. System expansion is recommended for assessing cross‐sectoral cooperation and substitution as well as economic allocation for product‐specific analyses.
Using normal probability plots to determine parameters for higher‐level factorial experiments with orthogonal and orthonormal bases
Authors: Donnelly Thomas , Shardt Yuri A. W. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIn chemical engineering applications such as optimizing plant operations and product quality, factorial experiments are often conducted to obtain empirical models for systems. While the mathematical underpinning for two‐level factorial designs is well understood, a methodology for analyzing higher‐level experiments is not readily available. Often an orthogonal or orthonormal basis is selected for a factorial design matrix. In factorial design, an orthonormal basis is defined as an orthogonal matrix where the Euclidean two‐norms of the column vectors are equal. This investigation examines, for full factorial design, the selection of parameters using normal probability plots and the effect that the design basis has on parameter determination. When using normal probability plots to determine parameter significance, the traditional orthogonal basis for higher‐level experiments may result in erroneous conclusions. A Monte‐Carlo experiment was developed to simulate 3‐level and mixed‐level factorial experiments with different types of measurement error. The basis chosen is shown to affect the shape of probability plots, and measurement errors from a given normal distribution are shown to result in a constant standard deviation for all parameter estimates only when using an orthonormal basis.
CFD analysis of bed textural characteristics on TBR behaviour: Kinetics, scaling‐up, multiscale analysis, and wall effects
Authors: Uribe Sebastián , Cordero Mario E. , Zárate Luis G. , Valencia López José Javier , Natividad Reyna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA simulation of a trickle bed reactor aided by computational fluid dynamics was implemented. With a Eulerian approach, geometrical characteristics were explicitly considered and two simultaneous heterogeneous reactions were included, hydrodesulphurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN). This was performed in order to achieve the following: (1) attain further insight into a proper scaling‐up procedure to be able to obtain the same hydrodynamics and kinetics behaviour in two reactors of different length and diameter scales; (2) develop a multiscale analysis regarding the communication of information between scales through the construction of a porous microstructure model from which the geometrical information of the microscale is captured by the effective transport coefficients (which affect the overall reactor behaviour); (3) investigate the effect of operation condition variations on hydrodynamics and kinetics; and (4) assess the deviations and further differences observed from average to punctual conversion values and the assumptions from kinetic literature models through a preliminary multiscale analysis.The CFD results were validated against experimental pressure drop data as well as HDS and HDN conversion theoretical data. An excellent agreement was found. The model produces a significant improvement in hydrodynamic parameter prediction, achieving 5 times better accuracy in predicting pressure drops and 50 % improvement in holdup prediction. The fully coupled model predicts HDS conversion with 96 % accuracy and HDN conversion with 94 % accuracy. Results suggest that the best way to obtain similar kinetic and hydrodynamic behaviour in TBRs with different lengths and diameter length scales is by equaling the liquid holdup or the mass velocities (L‐G).
CO2 Electroreduction in Ionic Liquids: A Review
Authors: Feng Jianpeng , Zeng Shaojuan , Feng Jiaqi , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Xiangping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe increasing emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) caused by the unrestrained consumption of fossil fuels in recent hundreds of years, has caused global environmental and social problems. Meanwhile, CO2 is a cheap, abundant and renewable C1‐feedstock, which can be converted into alcohols, ethers, acids and other value‐added chemicals. Compared with the thermal reactions, electrochemical reduction of CO2 is more attractive because of its advantages by using the seasonal, geographical and intermittent energy (tide, wind and solar) under mild conditions. In recent years, taking ionic liquids (ILs) as electrolytes in the CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction has been paid much more attention due to the advantages of lowering the overpotential of CO2 electroreduction and improving the Faradaic efficiency. In this paper, we summarized the recent progresses of electrochemical reduction of CO2 in ILs electrolytes, and analyzed the reaction mechanism of CO2 reaction in the electrode‐electrolyte interface region by experimental and simulation methods. Finally, the research which needs to be highlighted in this area was proposed.
Interatrial block as a predictor of atrial fibrillation in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Çinier Göksel , Tekkeşin Ahmet İlker , Genç Duygu , Yıldız Ufuk , Parsova Emrecan , Pay Levent , Alexander Bryce , Bozbeyoğlu Emrah , Türkkan Ceyhan , Alper Ahmet Taha , Baranchuk Adrian 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionInteratrial block (IAB) is strongly associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in different clinical scenarios. Atrial fibrosis is considered the responsible mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of IAB. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IAB predicted AF at 12 months follow‐up in a population of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).HypothesisWe aimed to investigate whether IAB predicted AF at 12 months follow up in a population of patients with STEMI.MethodsProspective, single center, observational study of patients presenting with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and referred to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P‐PCI). Surface electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded on admission and at 6th hour post P‐PCI. Patients were screened for the occurrence of AF at a 12‐months visit.ResultsA total of 198 patients were included between September 2015 and September 2016. IAB (partial and advanced) was detected in 102 (51.5%) patients on admission. Remodeling of the P‐wave and subsequent normalization reduced the prevalence of IAB to 47 (23.7%) patients at 6th hour. AF was detected in 17.7% of study patients at 12 months. Partial IAB (p‐IAB) on admission (OR 5.10; 95% CI, 1.46‐17.8; P = 0.011) and on 6th hour (OR 4.15; 95% CI, 1.29‐13.4; P = 0.017), presence of a lesion in more than one coronary artery (OR 3.29; 95% CI, 1.32‐8.16; P = 0.010) found to be independent predictors of AF at 12 months.ConclusionIAB is common in patients with STEMI and along with the presence of diffuse coronary artery disease is associated with new onset of AF.
An accelerated nonlocal Poisson‐Boltzmann equation solver for electrostatics of biomolecule
Authors: Ying Jinyong , Xie Dexuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe nonlocal modified Poisson‐Boltzmann equation (NMPBE) is one important variant of a commonly used dielectric continuum model, the Poisson‐Boltzmann equation (PBE), for computing electrostatics of biomolecules. In this paper, an accelerated NMPBE solver is constructed by finite element and finite difference hybrid techniques. It is then programmed as a software package for computing electrostatic solvation and binding free energies for a protein in a symmetric 1:1 ionic solvent. Numerical results validate the new solver and its numerical stability. They also demonstrate that the new solver has much better performance than the corresponding finite element solver in terms of computer CPU time. Furthermore, they show that the binding free energies produced by NMPBE can match chemical experiment data better than those by PBE.
Screening of Detergents for Stabilization of Functional Membrane Proteins
Authors: Lenoir Guillaume , Dieudonné Thibaud , Lamy Anaïs , Lejeune Maylis , Vazquez‐Ibar José‐Luis , Montigny Cédric 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMembrane protein studies usually require use of detergents to extract and isolate proteins from membranes and manipulate them in a soluble context for their functional or structural characterization. However, solubilization with detergent may interfere with MP stability and may directly affect MP function or structure. Moreover, detergent properties can be affected such as critical micellar concentration (CMC) can be affected by the experimental conditions. Consequently, the experimenter must pay attention to both the protein and the behavior of the detergent. This article provides a convenient protocol for estimating the CMC of detergents in given experimental conditions. Then, it presents two protocols aimed at monitoring the function of a membrane protein in the presence of detergent. Such experiments may help to test various detergents for their inactivating or stabilizing effects on long incubation times, ranging from few hours to some days. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Insights into Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction in Ionic Liquids: Carbon Dioxide Activation and Selectivity Tailored by Ionic Microhabitat
Authors: Feng Jianpeng , Zeng Shaojuan , Liu Huizhen , Feng Jiaqi , Gao Hongshuai , Bai Lu , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Suojiang , Zhang Xiangping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into high value‐added products is a potential solution to a reduction in CO2 levels and its utilization. One major challenge is the lack of an efficient system that can highly selectively reduce CO2 into desirable products with low energy consumption. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used as electrolytes for the electroreduction of CO2, and it has been proven that the CO2–cation complex results in a low‐energy pathway. In this work, an ionic microhabitat (IMH) has been built for CO2 electroreduction, and a novel anion‐functionalized IL, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium 1,2,4triazolide ([Bmim][124Triz]), has been designed as the reaction medium. The results showed that the IMH played a key role in enhancing the performance of CO2 electroreduction, especially in dominating the product selectivity, which is recognized to be a great challenge in an electroreduction process. New insights into the role of the IMH in higher CO2 solubility, bending linear CO2 by forming the [124Triz]–CO2− adduct, and transferring activated CO2 into the cathode surface easily were revealed. The Faradaic efficiency for formic acid is as high as 95.2 %, with a current density reaching 24.5 mA cm−2. This work provides a promising way for the design of robust and highly efficient ILs for CO2 electroreduction.
In Situ Growth of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐67‐derived Nanoporous Carbon@K0.5Mn2O4 for High‐Performance 2.4 V Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Xijun , Peng Huarong , Li Yanhong , Yang Yibin , Xiao Shenghuan , Peng Li , Zhang Yunhuai , Xiao Peng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) with a wide voltage window can effectively improve energy storage capacity of energy storage devices. Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) was used as a precursor to prepare nanoporous carbon (NC), and K0.5Mn2O4 nanosheets were subsequently grown on the NC surface through a facile in situ redox process (denoted as NCMO). The electrode potential window of NCMO was extended to 1.2 V in a three‐electrode system and the value of the potential window was higher than that of most reported manganese oxides. To assemble the asymmetric supercapacitor with a high voltage range, the as‐prepared NCMO and NC (with a potential window of −1.2–0 V) were used as the positive and negative electrode, respectively. A 2.4 V NCMO//NC aqueous ASC was constructed and displayed a large energy density of 60 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1200 W kg−1 and excellent rate performance (41 Wh kg−1 even at a specific power density of 12.3 kW kg−1) as well as good cycling stability (92.6 % capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1). This work provides new opportunities for the development of high voltage ASCs with a high energy density for further practical application.
Eph Receptor Effector Ephexin Mediates Olfactory Dendrite Targeting in Drosophila
Authors: Sardana Juhi , Organisti Cristina , Grunwald Kadow Ilona C. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTDeciphering the mechanisms of sensory neural map formation is a central aim in neurosciences. Failure to form a correct map frequently leads to defects in sensory processing and perception. The olfactory map develops in subsequent steps initially forming a rough and later a precise map of glomeruli in the antennal lobe (AL), mainly consisting of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) axons and projection neuron (PN) dendrites. The mechanisms underpinning the later stage of class‐specific glomerulus formation are not understood. Recent studies have shown that the important guidance molecule Eph and its ligand ephrin play a role in class‐specific PN targeting. Here, we reveal aspects of the mechanism downstream of Eph signaling during olfactory map formation. We show that the Eph‐specific RhoGEF Ephexin (Exn) is required to fine tune PN dendrite patterning within specific glomeruli. We provide the first report showing an in vivo neurite guidance defect in an exn mutant. Interestingly, the quality of the phenotypes is different between eph and exn mutants; while loss of Eph leads to strong misprojections of DM3/Or47a neurons along the medial–lateral axis of the antennal lobe (AL), loss of Exn induces ventral ectopic innervation of a neighboring glomerulus. Genetic interaction experiments suggest that differential signaling of the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 mediated by Exn‐dependent and ‐independent Eph signaling fine tunes spatial targeting of PN dendrites within the olfactory map. We propose that their distinct activities on the actin cytoskeleton are required for precise navigation of PN dendrites within the olfactory map. Taken together, our results suggest that the precise connectivity of an individual neuron can depend on different modes of signaling downstream of a single guidance receptor. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000–000, 2018
Latitudinal variation in biophysical characteristics of avian eggshells to cope with differential effects of solar radiation
Authors: Gómez Jesús , Ramo Cristina , Stevens Martin , Liñán‐Cembrano Gustavo , Rendón Miguel A. , Troscianko Jolyon T. , Amat Juan A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSolar radiation is an important driver of animal coloration, not only because of the effects of coloration on body temperature but also because coloration may protect from the deleterious effects of UV radiation. Indeed, dark coloration may protect from UV, but may increase the risk of overheating. In addition, the effect of coloration on thermoregulation should change with egg size, as smaller eggs have higher surface‐volume ratios and greater convective coefficients than larger eggs, so that small eggs can dissipate heat quickly. We tested whether the reflectance of eggshells, egg spottiness, and egg size of the ground‐nesting Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus is affected by maximum ambient temperature and solar radiation at breeding sites. We measured reflectance, both in the UV and human visible spectrum, spottiness, and egg size in photographs from a museum collection of plover eggshells. Eggshells of lower reflectance (darker) were found at higher latitudes. However, in southern localities where solar radiation is very high, eggshells are also of dark coloration. Eggshell coloration had no significant relationship with ambient temperature. Spotiness was site‐specific. Small eggs tended to be light‐colored. Thermal constraints may drive the observed spatial variation in eggshell coloration, which may be lighter in lower latitudes to diminish the risk of overheating as a result of higher levels of solar radiation. However, in southern localities with very high levels of UV radiation, eggshells are of dark coloration likely to protect embryos from more intense UV radiation. Egg size exhibited variation in relation to coloration, likely through the effect of surface area‐to‐volume ratios on overheating and cooling rates of eggs. Therefore, differential effects of solar radiation on functions of coloration and size of eggshells may shape latitudinal variations in egg appearance in the Kentish plover.