bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual Force Enhancement Is Attenuated in a Shortening Magnitude-dependent Manner
Authors: FUKUTANI ATSUKI , HERZOG WALTER 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The isometric force attained after active stretch is greater than that attained in a purely isometric contraction. This property is referred to as residual force enhancement (RFE). Although RFE is thought to contribute to the enhanced force and power in stretch-shortening cycles (SSCs), it is unclear whether shortening that occurs after active stretch eliminates the RFE induced by active stretch. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of shortening on RFE.

Methods
Skinned rabbit soleus fibers (N = 43) were used for all tests. Residual force enhancement was compared between the stretch-only condition and the SSC condition. In the SSC conditions, shortening magnitudes were either 1% or 12.5% of fiber length. The final muscle length where RFE was evaluated was 3 μm for all trials. In the SSCs with 12.5% shortening, the isometric force before and after the SSC was also compared.

Results
Residual force enhancement was similar between the stretch only (7.9% ± 2.7%) and the SSC with 1% shortening condition (7.1% ± 2.9%) (P = 0.316), whereas RFE was smaller in the SSC with 12.5% shortening (3.5% ± 2.4%) than the stretch-only condition (8.4% ± 2.5%) (P < 0.001). The isometric forces after SSCs (0.437 ± 0.103 mN) were greater than those measured before the SSC (0.422 ± 0.104 mN) (P = 0.016).

Conclusions
Residual force enhancement was preserved when the shortening magnitude was small and was reduced when the shortening magnitude was large. Although RFE was attenuated by the 12.5% shortening, RFE was still observed, suggesting that RFE can contribute to SSCs.
Driver-Rider Cost-Sharing Strategies and Equilibria in a Ridesharing Program
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Yang Hai , Zhu Daoli 
Published: May 2018

The rapid development of smartphone technology has led to the increased popularity of dynamic ridesharing apps used to organize ad hoc ridesharing trips between strangers on short notice. To support such real-time on-demand services, cost-sharing between drivers and riders is commonly centrally determined by ridesharing apps according to prescribed rules. To highlight the impacts of appropriate cost-sharing strategies on the success of ridesharing programs, this paper models the mode choices of a group of heterogeneous travelers with continuously distributed values of time in a single-corridor network, considering the complex interactions between travelers’ mode choices and the attractiveness of ridesharing in terms of rider/driver waiting/detouring times and matching probabilities. The equilibrium state under any given cost-sharing strategy is described by a system of variational inequalities based on which the existence of equilibria is established. With the proposed modeling framework, various cost-sharing strategies are examined to avoid mode shifts among transit users to autos and/or reduce vehicular traffic in the short run; the necessary conditions for cost-sharing strategies to sustain participation and/or reduce vehicle usage are explicitly provided. It is shown that when driving alone is faster but more expensive than public transit, no cost-sharing strategy exists to sustain an active ridesharing platform without inducing transit users to join the ridesharing program. Moreover, the existence of cost-sharing strategies capable of reducing vehicular traffic on the road is not always guaranteed, depending on the costs of driving alone and taking public transit in the considered corridor, fuel prices, and travelers’ prioritization of safety and privacy. Furthermore, it is found that the initial state with no ridesharing participants is an equilibrium under any cost-sharing strategy if the additional cost incurred by a traveler through participating in a ridesharing program is nonnegative. This explains the difficulty of initiating a ridesharing program and implies the initial necessity of subsidizing all intended riders and/or drivers to encourage participation. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0801 .
Use of integrative epigenetic and mRNA expression analyses to identify significantly changed genes and functional pathways in osteoarthritic cartilage
Authors: He A. , Ning Y. , Wen Y. , Cai Y. , Xu K. , Cai Y. , Han J. , Liu L. , Du Y. , Liang X. , Li P. , Fan Q. , Hao J. , Wang X. , Guo X. , Ma T. , Zhang F. 
Published: May 2018

AimOsteoarthritis (OA) is caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of genes and are likely to regulate the OA transcriptome. We performed integrative genomic analyses to define methylation-gene expression relationships in osteoarthritic cartilage.Patients and MethodsGenome-wide DNA methylation profiling of articular cartilage from five patients with OA of the knee and five healthy controls was conducted using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, California). Other independent genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of articular cartilage from three patients with OA and three healthy controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Integrative pathway enrichment analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles was performed using integrated analysis of cross-platform microarray and pathway software. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID).ResultsWe identified 1265 differentially methylated genes, of which 145 are associated with significant changes in gene expression, such as DLX5, NCOR2 and AXIN2 (all p-values of both DNA methylation and mRNA expression < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis identified 26 OA-associated pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway (p = 6.25 × 10-4), phosphatidylinositol (PI) signalling system (p = 4.38 × 10-3), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signalling pathway (p = 8.63 × 10-3 pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis (p = 0.017), ErbB signalling pathway (p = 0.024), inositol phosphate (IP) metabolism (p = 0.025), and calcium signalling pathway (p = 0.032).ConclusionWe identified a group of genes and biological pathwayswhich were significantly different in both DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles between patients with OA and controls. These results may provide new clues for clarifying the mechanisms involved in the development of OA. Cite this article: A. He, Y. Ning, Y. Wen, Y. Cai, K. Xu, Y. Cai, J. Han, L. Liu, Y. Du, X. Liang, P. Li, Q. Fan, J. Hao, X. Wang, X. Guo, T. Ma, F. Zhang. Use of integrative epigenetic and mRNA expression analyses to identify significantly changed genes and functional pathways in osteoarthritic cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:343–350. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0284.R1.
On the Topological Properties of the Certain Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Jia-Bao , Zhao Jing , Wang Shaohui , Javaid M. , Cao Jinde 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A topological index is a numeric quantity associated with a network or a graph that characterizes its whole structural properties. In [Javaid and Cao, Neural Computing and Applications, DOI 10.1007/s00521-017-2972-1], the various degree-based topological indices for the probabilistic neural networks are studied. We extend this study by considering the calculations of the other topological indices, and derive the analytical closed formulas for these new topological indices of the probabilistic neural network. Moreover, a comparative study using computer-based graphs has been carried out first time to clarify the nature of the computed topological descriptors for the probabilistic neural networks. Our results extend some known conclusions.
Reconsidering Urbanisation in Late Iron Age North-western Iberia: The Oppidum of San Cibrán de Las (Galicia, Spain)
Authors: González Yolanda Álvarez , González Luis López , Fernández-Götz Manuel , Quintela Marco V. García 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Neue Forschungen stellen die traditionelle Datierung der Oppida auf der nordwestlichen Iberischen Halbinsel während der römischen Zeit in Frage. Es zeigt sich, dass zahlreiche dieser Plätze schon im späten 2. und 1. Jh. v. Chr. entstanden. Das Oppidum von San Cibrán de Las kann für diese Diskussion eine Schlüsselrolle einnehmen. Die großflächigen Ausgrabungen der letzten Jahre erbrachten umfangreiche Informationen zur inneren Struktur des Ortes, der Anordnung der Häuser, der Befestigungen sowie zur Bedeutung der Akropolis. In letzterer konnten Skulpturen unterschiedlicher Gottheiten sowie religiöse Inschriften geborgen werden. Am Wichtigsten ist aber der mit Hilfe zahlreicher 14C-Proben erbrachte Beleg einer deutlich früher als bislang bekannt beginnenden Nutzung des Areals. Diese nimmt ihren Anfang mehrere Jahrhunderte vor der Gründung des Oppidums und ist scheinbar mit einer Nutzung der Akropolis im Rahmen religiöser Zusammenkünfte verbunden. Ein Vergleich mit archäologischen Funden und Befunden anderer bedeutsamer Fundstellen in Mittel- und Westeuropa, zu literarischen Quellen und regionalen Ortsnamen weist auf die entscheidende Rolle solcher Versammlungen und religiöser Feste bei der Konstruktion kollektiver Identitäten und der Entstehung früher urbaner Zentren hin. Die Ergebnisse haben weitreichende Auswirkungen auf unser Verständnis von sozialen Aggregationsprozessen während der Eisenzeit und darüber hinaus.
Digging up the plague: A diachronic comparison of aDNA confirmed plague burials and associated burial customs in Germany
Authors: Gutsmiedl-Schümann Doris , Päffgen Bernd , Schwarzberg Heiner , Keller Marcel , Rott Andreas , Harbeck Michaela 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Vergangene Pestepidemien wurden vor allem in schriftlichen Quellen überliefert; insbesondere die Justinianische Pest des frühen Mittelalters und der Schwarze Tod des späten Mittelalters wurden dort in lebendigen Farben beschrieben. Vor der Einführung der aDNA-Analyse war es aber oftmals schwierig, archäologische nachgewiesene Bestattungen eindeutig der Pest zuzuweisen – vor allem in Gegenden, wo schriftliche Überlieferungen, die die Pest erwähnen, fehlen. Die Analyse alter DNA erlaubt es nun, die Opfer der Pest eindeutig im archäologischen Befund zu identifizieren. In diesem Artikel sollen daher die ersten bekannten Beispiele von durch aDNA-Analyse bestätigten Pestgräbern aus Deutschland aus dem frühen Mittelalter, dem späten Mittelalter und dem 30-jährigen Krieg präsentiert und mit einander verglichen werden.
Felduntersuchungen zur frühen Kupfermetallurgie im Großen Kaukasus: ein Vorbericht
Authors: Kunze René , Mödlinger Marianne , Rödel Tim 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Im Zuge einer von der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung unterstützten Feldbegehung wurden im August 2016 in Ostgeorgien (Provinz Kachetien) die Täler der vom Großen Kaukasus in den Alazani entwässernden Nebenflüsse auf Kupfererzvorkommen, deren Abbau und etwaiger Weiterverarbeitung untersucht und soweit möglich chronologisch eingeordnet. Dabei konnten frühere Beobachtungen zum Vorkommen von Kupfererzen zum Teil bestätigt und um neue Funde erweitert werden. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist die Sammlung von Grundlagen für eine kritische Auseinandersetzung zur wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung und dem Einfluss der Südkaukasusregion in der Bronzezeit. An den gefundenen Kupfererzen sowie einigen spätbronzezeitlichen Dolchen aus Koban und Chmi, Nordossetien-Alanien, Russische Föderation, wurden anschließend Bleiisotopenanalysen durchgeführt, um die Signaturen miteinander zu vergleichen und schließlich Antworten zu einer möglichen Nutzung lokaler Rohstoffquellen zu finden.
Detecting deliberate fragmentation at a circular enclosure from the late 3rd millennium BC. Calculating fragmentation and refitting analysis of ceramic finds from Pömmelte-Zackmünde, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Authors: Spatzier André 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Das Rondell Pömmelte-Zackmünde (Sachsen-Anhalt, Deutschland) ist eines der wenigen Heiligtümer Mitteleuropas, die in die Zeit des Endneolithikums und der Frühbronzezeit datieren. Sein architektonisches Gesamtkonzept, die Befunde und die Funde lassen schlussfolgern, dass es ein Ort für vielfältige Handlungen inklusive ritueller Performanzen war. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf die Unterschiede in der Fragmentierung von Keramikfunden aus intentionalen Deponierungen, d. h. Opfer oder ‚entsorgte Ritualgeräte‘, und ‚Nichtdepotkontexten‘.
Zirconium in modern analytical chemistry
Authors: Pechishcheva Nadezhda V. , Shunyaev Konstantin Yu. , Melchakova Olga V. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Detailed monographs on the analytical chemistry of zirconium, which is widely used in all fields of modern science and technology, were published in the 1960s–1970s of the last century. This review summarizes information on the modern methods for determination of zirconium in a great variety of natural, technical, and biological objects. Focus is made on the works published in scientific periodicals after 2005. Spectroscopic techniques of zirconium determination including molecular and atomic spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and electrochemical and activation methods are described. The paper also describes the applications of zirconium compounds, in particular, in analytical chemistry.
Environmental economic geography and environmental inequality: challenges and new research prospects
Authors: Braun Boris , Oßenbrügge Jürgen , Schulz Christian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The environmental dimension and sustainability-related issues have increasingly gained momentum in Economic Geography. This paper argues that integrating the inequality perspective into Environmental Economic Geography (EEG) and trying to disentangle the manifold interrelationships between economic, social, and environmental disadvantage could be worthwhile efforts. Based on three case studies – the debate on urban environmental justice in German cities, the spread of alternative food systems and food-sharing initiatives in Germany, and the socially selective migration in hazard prone areas in rural coastal Bangladesh – we demonstrate that aspects of social inequality indeed matter for EEG thinking.
Repeated Exposure to Taekwondo Combat Modulates the Physiological and Hormonal Responses to Subsequent Bouts and Recovery Periods
Authors: Bridge Craig A. , Sparks Andy S. , McNaughton Lars R. , Close Graeme L. , Hausen Matheus , Gurgel Jonas , Drust Barry 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Bridge, CA, Sparks, SA, McNaughton, LR, Close, GL, Hausen, M, Gurgel, J, and Drust, B. Repeated exposure to taekwondo combat modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2529–2541, 2018—This study examined the physiological and hormonal responses to successive taekwondo combats using an ecologically valid competition time structure. Ten elite male international taekwondo competitors (age 19 ± 3 years) took part in a simulated championship event. The competitors performed 4 combats that were interspersed with different recovery intervals (63 ± 4, 31 ± 3 and 156 ± 5 minutes, respectively). Heart rate (HR) was measured during the combats and venous blood samples were obtained both before and after each combat to determine the plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations. The plasma noradrenaline (21.8 ± 12.8 vs. 15.0 ± 7.0 nmol·l−1) and lactate (13.9 ± 4.2 vs. 10.5 ± 3.2 mmol·l−1) responses were attenuated (p < 0.05) between combat 1 and 4. Higher (p < 0.05) HR responses were evident in the final combat when compared with the earlier combats. Higher (p < 0.05) resting HR (139 ± 10 vs. 127 ± 12 b·min−1), plasma lactate (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.7 mmol·l−1), glycerol (131 ± 83 vs. 56 ± 38 μmol·l−1) and nonesterified free fatty acid (0.95 ± 0.29 vs. 0.71 ± 0.28 mmol·l−1) concentrations were measured before combat 3 compared with combat 1. Repeated exposure to taekwondo combat using an ecologically valid time structure modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. Strategies designed to assist competitors to effectively manage the metabolic changes associated with the fight schedule and promote recovery between the bouts may be important during championship events.
Physical Demands of Amateur Domestic and Representative Netball in One Season in New Zealand Assessed Using Heart Rate and Movement Analysis
Authors: King Doug A. , Cummins Cloe , Hume Patria A. , Clark Trevor N. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
King, DA, Cummins, C, Hume, PA, and Clark, TN. Physical demands of amateur domestic and representative netball in one season in New Zealand assessed using heart rate and movement analysis. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 2062–2070, 2020—The purpose of this descriptive cohort study was to describe physical demands of netball for positions and between playing levels using microtechnology. Data were collected from 34 female netball players across 3 teams at different levels (over 19 years representative [O19], under 19 years representative [U19], and open-age amateur club domestic) for 20 games using heart rate and microtechnology data. Total distance, maximal velocity, PlayerLoad ([PL] accumulated accelerometer-derived load), and individual PL vectors (PL forward [PLF], PL sideward [PLS] and PL vertical [PLV]) were examined. Analysis by playing level and netball position were conducted. The O19 players recorded a higher mean distance (3,365.7 ± 1,875.1 m) per match than U19 (p = 0.0095) players. The O19 players recorded a higher PL (p = 0.0003), PLF (p = 0.004), PLS (p = 0.0039), and PLV (p = 0.0352) than the domestic players. Domestic players recorded a higher maximal velocity than O19 players (p = 0.0003; d = 0.32) throughout the study. Domestic players recorded a higher average maximal heart rate (202.2 ± 28.2 b·min−1) than O19 (p < 0.0001) and U19 (p = 0.0002) players. Given the high physical demands of netball, individual player- and position-specific training programs are required to develop players for the specific demands of competition while also reducing the impact of excessive physical exertion to facilitate safer engagement within netball. The identification of the differing physical and physiological profiles of individual positional groups throughout match-play highlights the importance of integrating microtechnology into the routine monitoring of intermittent court-based sports, such as netball.
Serrate/Notch Signaling Regulates the Size of the Progenitor Cell Pool inDrosophilaImaginal Rings
Authors: Yang Sheng-An , Deng Wu-Min 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDrosophila imaginal rings are larval precursors for adult guts and salivary glands. Yang and Deng show that the proliferation of these cells is regulated by the canonical Notch pathway and that both cis- and trans...Drosophila imaginal rings are larval tissues composed of progenitor cells that are essential for the formation of adult foreguts, hindguts, and salivary glands. Specified from subsets of ectoderm in the embryo, imaginal ring cells are kept quiescent until midsecond larval instar, and undergo rapid proliferation during the third instar to attain adequate numbers of cells that will replace apoptotic larval tissues for adult organ formation. Here, we show that Notch signaling is activated in all three imaginal rings from middle embryonic stage to early pupal stage, and that Notch signaling positively controls cell proliferation in all three imaginal rings during the third larval instar. Our mutant clonal analysis, knockdown, and gain-of-function studies indicate that canonical Notch pathway components are involved in regulating the proliferation of these progenitor cells. Both trans-activation and cis-inhibition between the ligand and receptor control Notch activation in the imaginal ring. Serrate (Ser) is the ligand provided from neighboring imaginal ring cells that trans-activates Notch signaling, whereas both Ser and Delta (Dl) could cis-inhibit Notch activity when the ligand and the receptor are in the same cell. In addition, we show that Notch signaling expressed in middle embryonic and first larval stages is required for the initial size of imaginal rings. Taken together, these findings indicate that imaginal rings are excellent in vivo models to decipher how progenitor cell number and proliferation are developmentally regulated, and that Notch signaling in these imaginal tissues is the primary growth-promoting signal that controls the size of the progenitor cell pool.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULAR BAKTERI TOLERAN URANIUM YANG BERPOTENSI DALAM BIOPRESIPITASI URANIUM
Authors: Octavia Bernadetta , Yuwono Triwibowo , Taftazani Agus 
Published: May 2018

Penelitian mengenai bakteri toleran uranium yang berpotensi dalam biopresipitasi uranium telah dilakukan. Untuk menetapkan bakteri yang paling toleran uranium maka dilakukan skrining bertingkat dengan medium TGY cair yang mengandung larutan uranium dengan konsentrasi 0,4 mM; 0,8 mM; 1 mM; dan 2 mM terhadap isolat bakteri yang telah diisolasi dari limbah radioaktif cair aktivitas rendah fase organik dan fase air yang dimiliki oleh PSTA BATAN Yogyakarta. Dari hasil skrining awal (preliminary screening) ini diperoleh 51 isolat bakteri toleran uranium. Setelah dilakukan karakterisasi yang meliputi pengecatan Gram, pengamatan bentuk sel dan morfologi koloni serta penghitungan kinetika pertumbuhan dan dikombinasikan dengan teknik rep-PCR maka diperoleh 26 klaster dari 51 isolat bakteri pada tingkat keserupaan (similarity) 83%. Selanjutnya dari tiap klaster dipilih satu isolat dengan laju pertumbuhan spesifik (µ) tertinggi. Dengan demikian didapatkan 26 isolat bakteri toleran uranium yang diuji selanjutnya sebagai bakteri polifosfat. Untuk mendapatkan bakteri polifosfat maka isolat bakteri ini ditumbuhkan dalam medium agar plate yang tidak mengandung P dan diinkubasikan selama 5 hari pada suhu ruang untuk diamati daya hidup (viability) dan perkembangannya. Berdasarkan hasil seleksi ini diperoleh 7 isolat bakteri polifosfat yang mampu tumbuh dan berkembang dengan menggunakan cadangan polifosfat di dalam selnya sebagai sumber energi dan berpotensi dalam biopresipitasi uranium. Bakteri polifosfat ini diberi kode : A-14, A-25, A- 66, A-67 I, O-21, O-27 dan O-29. Selain karakterisasi dilakukan pula identifikasi molekular berdasarkan urutan nukleotida gen 16S rRNA terhadap 7 isolat bakteri polifosfat. Hasil analisis hubungan filogenetik 7 isolat bakteri polifosfat menggunakan bakteri acuan Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 dan Acinetobacter radioresisten DSM 6976 dengan melihat nilai keserupaan dan perbedaan nukleotida maka dapat ditetapkan bahwa isolat bakteri dengan kode A-35, A-14, A-66, O-27, O-21, dan O-29 memiliki kemiripan dengan Bacillus cereus sedangkan isolat bakteri dengan kode A-67 I memiliki kemiripan dengan Acinetobacter radioresistens.
Bogotá y el modelo de localización urbana
Authors: Gutiérrez López Julián Alberto , Díaz Jiménez Michael Andrés 
Published: May 2018

En este documento se realiza un análisis de ordenamiento urbano territorial de la ciudad de Bogotá. Inicialmente se hace una descripción del modelo de ordenamiento urbano neoclásicocontrastándolo con la evidencia histórica de la ciudad. A su vez se muestra el proceso de transición de un modelo ciudad monocéntrica a un modelo de ciudad policéntrica, derivado de las dinámicas de concentración de la actividad económica. Dicho proceso se genera a través de la saturación de actividades que se produjeron a partir del núcleo central de actividades - teorema del lugar central (Christaller, W. 1933)- y la aparición de centros alejados de este núcleo, los cuales presentan una menor jerarquía; esto significa que no hay una desvinculación con el núcleo principal y enmarca el ordenamiento urbano de la ciudad. Finalmente, se presentan los centros de actividad mediante metodologías de concentración de empleo y precios del suelo, lo cual refleja la dinámica de ordenamiento territorial de la ciudad de Bogotá.