bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Neurons Act Locally to Modulate Frontostriatal Cognition and Circuit Function
Authors: Hupalo Sofiya , Martin Andrea J. , Green Rebecca K. , Devilbiss David M. , Berridge Craig W. 
Published: January 2019

The PFC and extended frontostriatal circuitry support higher cognitive processes that guide goal-directed behavior. PFC-dependent cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of multiple psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, a major limiting factor in the development of treatments for PFC cognitive dysfunction is our limited understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying PFC-dependent cognition. We recently demonstrated that activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors in the caudal dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) impairs higher cognitive function, as measured in a working memory task. Currently, there remains much unknown about CRF-dependent regulation of cognition, including the source of CRF for cognition-modulating receptors and the output pathways modulated by these receptors. To address these issues, the current studies used a viral vector-based approach to chemogenetically activate or inhibit PFC CRF neurons in working memory-tested male rats. Chemogenetic activation of caudal, but not rostral, dmPFC CRF neurons potently impaired working memory, whereas inhibition of these neurons improved working memory. Importantly, the cognition-impairing actions of PFC CRF neurons were dependent on local CRF receptors coupled to protein kinase A. Additional electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that chemogenetic activation of caudal dmPFC CRF neurons elicits a robust degradation of task-related coding properties of dmPFC pyramidal neurons and, to a lesser extent, medium spiny neurons in the dorsomedial striatum. Collectively, these results demonstrate that local CRF release within the caudal dmPFC impairs frontostriatal cognitive and circuit function and suggest that CRF may represent a potential target for treating frontostriatal cognitive dysfunction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dorsomedial PFC and its striatal targets play a critical role in higher cognitive function. PFC-dependent cognitive dysfunction is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Although it has long-been known that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons are prominent within the PFC, their role in cognition has remained unclear. Using a novel chemogenetic viral vector system, the present studies demonstrate that PFC CRF neurons impair working memory via activation of local PKA-coupled CRF receptors, an action associated with robust degradation in task-related frontostriatal neuronal coding. Conversely, suppression of constitutive PFC CRF activity improved working memory. Collectively, these studies provide novel insight into the neurobiology of cognition and suggest that CRF may represent a novel target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
Budding YeastBFA1Has Multiple Positive Roles in Directing Late Mitotic Events
Authors: Whalen Jenna , Sniffen Courtney , Gartland Siobhan , Vannini Michael , Seshan Anupama 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe proper regulation of cell cycle transitions is paramount to the maintenance of cellular genome integrity. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mitotic exit network (MEN) is a Ras-like signaling cascade that effects the transition from M phase to G1 during the cell division cycle in budding yeast. MEN activation is tightly regulated. It occurs during anaphase and is coupled to mitotic spindle position by the spindle position checkpoint (SPoC). Bfa1 is a key component of the SPoC and functions as part of a two-component GAP complex along with Bub2. The GAP activity of Bfa1-Bub2 keeps the MEN GTPase Tem1 inactive in cells with mispositioned spindles, thereby preventing inappropriate mitotic exit and preserving genome integrity. Interestingly, a GAP-independent role for Bfa1 in mitotic exit regulation has been previously identified. However the nature of this Bub2-independent role and its biological significance are not understood. Here we show that Bfa1 also activates the MEN by promoting the localization of Tem1 primarily to the daughter spindle pole body (dSPB). We demonstrate that the overexpression of BFA1 is lethal due to defects in Tem1 localization, which is required for its activity. In addition, our studies demonstrate a Tem1-independent role for Bfa1 in promoting proper cytokinesis. Cells lacking TEM1, in which the essential mitotic exit function is bypassed, exhibit cytokinesis defects. These defects are suppressed by the overexpression of BFA1. We conclude that Bfa1 functions to both inhibit and activate late mitotic events.
Genomic Prediction Using Multi-trait Weighted GBLUP Accounting for Heterogeneous Variances and Covariances Across the Genome
Authors: Karaman Emre , Lund Mogens S , Anche Mahlet T , Janss Luc , Su Guosheng 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Implicit assumption of common (co)variance for all loci in multi-trait Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) results in a genomic relationship matrix (G) that is common to all traits. When this assumption is violated, Bayesian whole genome regression methods may be superior to GBLUP by accounting for unequal (co)variance for all loci or genome regions. This study aimed to develop a strategy to improve the accuracy of GBLUP for multi-trait genomic prediction, using (co)variance estimates of SNP effects from Bayesian whole genome regression methods. Five generations (G1-G5, test populations) of genotype data were available by simulations based on data of 2,200 Danish Holstein cows (G0, reference population). Two correlated traits with heritabilities of 0.1 or 0.4, and a genetic correlation of 0.45 were generated. First, SNP effects and breeding values were estimated using BayesAS method, assuming (co)variance was the same for SNPs within a genome region, and different between regions. Region size was set as one SNP, 100 SNPs, a whole chromosome or whole genome. Second, posterior (co)variances of SNP effects were used to weight SNPs in construction of G matrices. In general, region size of 100 SNPs led to highest prediction accuracies using BayesAS, and wGBLUP outperformed GBLUP at this region size. Our results suggest that when genetic architectures of traits favor Bayesian methods, the accuracy of multi-trait GBLUP can be as high as the Bayesian method if SNPs are weighted by the Bayesian posterior (co)variances.
Discussion of Potentially Sensitive Topics With Young People
Authors: Santelli John S. , Klein Jonathan D. , Song Xiaoyu , Heitel Jennifer , Grilo Stephanie , Wang Mengru , Yan Hanying , Kaseeska Kristen , Gorzkowski Julie , Schneider Madeline , Dereix Alexandra E. , Catallozzi Marina 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To identify modifiable factors that facilitate discussion of potentially sensitive topics between health care providers and young people at preventive service visits after Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act implementation.

METHODS:
We used data from a national internet survey of adolescents and young adults (13–26 years old) in the United States. Questionnaire construction was guided by formative research and Fisher’s Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model. Those who had seen a regular health care provider in the past 2 years were asked about 11 specific topics recommended by national medical guidelines. Four multivariable regression models were used to identify independent predictors of discussions of (1) tobacco use, (2) drug and/or alcohol use, (3) sexually transmitted infections or HIV, and (4) the number of topics discussed.

RESULTS:
Fewer than half of young people reported having discussed 10 of 11 topics at their last visit. Predictors were similar across all 4 models. Factors independently associated with health discussions included the following: ever talked with a provider about confidentiality (4/4 models; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.85–2.00), ever had private time with a provider (1 model; aOR = 1.50), use of health checklist and/or screening questionnaire at last visit (4 models; aOR = 1.78–1.96), and time spent with provider during last visit (4 models). Number of years that young men had seen their regular provider was significant in 1 model. Other independent factors were positive youth attitudes about discussing specific topics (3/3 models) and youth involvement in specific health risk behaviors (3/3 models).

CONCLUSIONS:
Discussions about potentially sensitive topics between health care providers and young people are associated with modifiable factors of health care delivery, particularly provider explanations of confidentiality, use of screening and/or trigger questionnaires, and amount of time spent with their provider.
Mikroenkapsulasi Senyawa Fenolik Ekstrak Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus K.)
Authors: Siregar Tagor Marsillam , Kristanti Clarine 
Published: January 2019

Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus K.) memiliki kandungan senyawa fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Senyawa fenolik telah diketahui sensitif terhadap cahaya, oksigen dan panas. Enkapsulasi dapat melindungi senyawa fenolik dalam ekstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh rasio bahan inti:bahan penyalut (1:10 dan 1: 20) dan suhu inlet spray dryer (125, 150 dan 175oC) terhadap karakteristik mikrokapsul. Pada penelitian tahap pendahuluan, daun kenikir diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol, kemudian ekstrak yang diperoleh dianalisis aktivitas antioksidan dan total fenolik. Pada tahap selanjutnya ekstrak dienkapsulasi dan mikrokapsul yang diperoleh dianalisis powder recovery, kandungan total fenolik, effisiensi enkapsulasi, aktivitas antioksidan dan ukuran partikel. Rasio bahan inti:bahan penyalutdansuhu inlet spray dryer mempengaruhi powder recovery, total fenolik, effisiensi enkapsulasi, aktivitas antioksidan dan ukuran partikel mikrokapsul. Perlakuan dengan rasio bahan inti:bahan penyalut1:20 dan suhu inlet spray dryer 125oC menghasilkan mikrokapsul dengan powder recovery 59,87%, total fenol 24,644 mgGAE/g sampel, efisiensi enkapsulasi 98,820%, aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) 1711,804 ppm dan ukuran partikel 1,55 µm.Microencapsulation Of Phenolic Compounds From Cosmos caudatus K. Leaves ExtractCosmos caudatus K. leaves are high in total phenolic content and have high antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds are sensitive to light, oxygen, and heat. Encapsulation process can protect the phenolic compounds of extract. This research was aimed to study the effect of core to coating ratio (1:10 and 1:20) and spray drying inlet temperature (125, 150, and 175°C) towards the characteristics of microcapsules. In preliminary stage, Cosmos caudatus K. leaves were extracted with ethanol. The extract was analyzed for antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. In the main stage, the extract were encapsulated. The microcapsules were analyzed for powder recovery, total phenolic content, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, and particle size. Core to coating ratio and inlet temperature affected the powder recovery, total phenolic content, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, and particle size of microcapsules. Microcapsules with core to coating ratio 1:20 and inlet temperature 125°C gave the best result with powder recovery 59.87%, total phenolic content 24.644 mg GAE/g sample, encapsulation efficiency 98.820%, IC50 1711.804 ppm, and particle size 1.55 μm. •
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants
Authors: Velusamy Prabu , Devarajulu Kavitha 
Published: January 2019

Background: Vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breast fed infants was increasing in young infants. Many studies were done previously but still the data on vitamin D status of healthy term infants are scanty. Hence the present study was done to determine the prevalence of subclinical vitamin D deficiency among exclusively breast fed babies by estimating the serum levels of relevant parameters.Methods: The present descriptive study included 40 babies that are exclusively breast fed healthy term babies with birth weight >2.5kg. After collection of complete demographic and antenatal data, serum was collected from all the babies to estimate serum levels of vitamin D (25OH-D3) and calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase.Results: Out of 40 babies, vitamin D deficiency was found in 33 (83%) babies. Of them, hypocalcaemia was seen in 13 (39.3%) infants. Raised ALP was noticed in all babies with a mean value of 464.97 IU/L. Phosphorus levels were normal in all babies with a mean value of 6.12 mg/ml. Serum 25 OH vitamin D3 levels were low (mean-10.02 ng/ml) and mean calcium was 8.81 mg/dl.Conclusions: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found to be high in exclusively breastfed babies with hypocalcemia in 39% of babies and associated seizure in one baby in this study.
A Review on Scorpionism in Iran
Authors: Dehghani Rouhullah , Charkhloo Esmail , Seyyedi-Bidgoli Nedasadat , Chimehi Elahe , Maedeh Ghavami-Ghameshlo Maedeh 
Published: January 2019

Background: Scorpions are one of the most important venomous animals in Iran. Their sting has more prevalence in the south and southwest areas. The aim of this study was to introduce their sting agent species in the country.
Methods: Data were extracted by a mini review on scorpion stinging articles in Iran until early 2018 and then the sting agent species in each area were studied. Geographical and provincial distribution of each species also was provided.
Results: Twelve scorpion species are causative agents of sting. According to their deadly rate and clinical symptoms, some of them are considered the most dangerous venomous animals in Iran. Some death cases have been reported be­cause of the sting of 3 species of Hemiscorpius lepturus, H. acanthocercus and Androctonus crassicauda. Remaining species have not deadly sting but because of their frequency, they encounter the individuals and cause the stinging.
Conclusion: The highest number of sting agents is in Khuzestan, however Gilan and Mazandaran have the lowest fre­quency. Because of the high prevalence of sting agent species in that province, the necessity of providing control and prevention programs is very important.
IDF curves for future climate scenarios in a locality of the Tapajós Basin, Amazon, Brazil
Authors: de Souza Costa Carlos Eduardo Aguiar , Blanco Claudio José Cavalcante , de Oliveira-Júnior José Francisco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChanges in the global climate are attributed to the levels of greenhouse gases. Thus, future scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways – RCPs) have been developed to explore the impact of different climate policies on the world. The RCPs are essential tools for General Circulation Models (GCMs) to simulate future climate changes. Curves that associate Intensity, Duration and Frequency (IDF) are used in forecasts and are fundamental for the design of hydraulic projects and risk management. The objective of this study was to design IDF curves for the RCP 4.5 and 8.5, using data from the HadGEM2-ES, CanESM2 and MIROC5 models. The Equidistance Quantile Matching Method was used to design the IDF curves. The simulated curves presented differences when related to the existing curve. The largest differences were for the MIROC5 (146% in RCP 8.5) and the smallest differences were for the CanESM2 (−20.83% for RCP 8.5). This result demonstrates that the method incorporates changes in future climate variability. The spatial resolutions of each model influenced their IDF curves, which led the CanESM2 curves to not present satisfactory results that are different from the MIROC5 curves, which were the ones that best represented the possible future differences.
Possibilities of statistical methodology in the study of economic security of the region
Authors: Dianov Dmitry V. , Radugina Elena A. 
Published: January 2019

Economic security, following the physical protection and security rapidly broke into the life of modern domestic society. This is a huge, very theoretically capacious section of the management system and at the same time a variety of practical activities. As the state of any economic system, characterized by the ability to withstand any negative encroachment from any subject, institution, other systems, social environment, etc., both economic and financial security is estimated, in fact, a polygamous system of indicators on all aspects of financial and economic activity.Purpose:therefore, the purpose of this scientific work, defined as the improvement of information support structures, decision-making in relation to economic security, fully meets the needs of management science and practice.Materials and methods:At the same time, all the methods, necessary for the statistical study of economic and financial security are used in the work: at each stage, an extensive block of statistical tools is involved, represented by the methods of the general theory of statistics and mathematical statistics, including multidimensional groups – cluster analysis, correlation and regression methods. The official materials of the state statistics and Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation, as well as the official statistics of the Ministry of Economy and Finance of Moscow Region Government were used to perform practical calculations.Results:A key aspect of this research work is related to the selection and formation of a set of statistical indicators, which in the interconnection and addition gave a complete comprehensive picture of the existing relationships and established patterns. These are demographic and resource indicators, and the results and efficiency of the economic complex. The use of the designated statistical tools allowed obtaining such results as justification of analytical capabilities and approbation of statistical methods in the study of economic security of the Moscow region; formation of clusters, consisting of homogeneous municipal districts of the Moscow region, designated as clustering units; calculation of relative analytical indicators; construction and interpretation of regression models.Conclusion:the complex of the obtained results and conclusions, as well as the scientifically based algorithm of statistical tools application, tested in the work, are undoubtedly an important information component in the management of economic and financial security not only in the Moscow region, but also in any region, both in the Central Federal district and in the whole central Russia.
Double Infection in a Patient with Psoriatic Arthritis Under TNF-alpha Blockers Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Caroleo Benedetto , Migliore Alberto , Cione Erika , Zampogna Stefania , Perticone Francesco , Sarro Giovambattista De , Gallelli Luca 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Either direct or indirect tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha blockers are usually
used to treat psoriatic arthritis (PA), but their use can increase susceptibility to infectious diseases.
</P><P>
Case Presentation: We report a rare case of double skin-knee wound and lung non-tubercular infection
in a patient with PA under TNF-alpha blockers therapy. About 1 year after the beginning of adalimumab,
a 48-year-old smoker suffering of PA was hospitalized for the skin-knee wound.
</P><P>
Results: Clinical evaluation and biochemical markers excluded the presence of a systemic disease, and
a skin infection sustained by leishmaniasis probably related to adalimumab was diagnosed (Naranjo
score: 6). Adalimumab was discontinued and oral treatment with apremilast and topical treatment with
meglumine antimoniate was started with a complete remission of skin wound in 2 weeks. About 7
months later when the patient was under apremilast treatment, he presented to our observation for
dyspnea, cough and fever. High-Resolution Computer Tomography (HRCT) chest highlighted alveolar
involvement with centrilobular small nodules, branching linear and nodular opacities. Microbiological
culture of both broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and sputum documented an infection sustained by nontuberculous
mycobacteria. Even if apremilast treatment probably-induced lung infection, we can’t exclude
that it worsened a clinical condition induced by adalimumab. Apremilast was stopped and an
empirical antitubercular treatment was started. Patient&#039;s breathlessness and cough improved as confirmed
also by HRCT chest.
</P><P>
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance to consider the possibility to develop leishmaniasis
and/or non-tubercular mycobacterial infection in patients treated with TNF-alpha inhibitors.</P>
Mephedrone Impact on Matrix Metalloproteinases Activity - Do they Influence the Memory Processes?
Authors: Boguszewska-Czubara Anna , Kurzepa Jacek , Biała Grażyna , Kaszubska Katarzyna , Grot Karolina , Tarkowski Piotr , Kowalczyk Joanna , Silvestro Serena , Faggio Caterina , Budzyńska Barbara 
Published: January 2019

Background:The use of drugs of addiction, as mephedrone, is associated with functional neuronal disorders due to remodeling of the nervous tissue. Key enzymes in remodeling are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteases like matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Recently, MMPs have been of great interest as some studies point to a fact that the alterations in structural remodeling of synaptic connections modify learning-dependent changes, which remain active even after a prolonged period of abstinence. This entails a continuous development of dependence.Objectives:The aim of the study was to determine the influence of subchronic exposure to three different doses of mephedrone on the activity of MMP-2 and 9 in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and how this was correlated with memory processes in mice.Methods:The homogenates of hippocampus and cortex were assayed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity by gelatin zymography. Memory consolidation processes were evaluated in the passive avoidance (PA) test.Results:The study confirmed the dose-dependent increase in activity of MMP-2 and -9 exerted by subchronic administration of mephedrone. Moreover, the highest dose of mephedrone attenuated consolidation of memory and learning processes.Conclusions:We could hypothesize that inhibition of MMPs can be considered as a therapeutic option for the treatment of addictive behaviors associated with cognitive processes. Moreover, further studies are required to find out if elevated activities of MMPs contribute to brain damage or recovery from brain damage caused directly by mephedrone.
Detection of the critical chloride threshold of carbon steel rebar in synthetic concrete pore solutions.
Authors: Ogunsanya Ibrahim Gbolahan , Hansson Carolyn M. 
Published: January 2019

Knowledge of the critical chloride content in concrete required to initiate corrosion of reinforcing steel is economically beneficial for the assessment and maintenance of existing structures. Also, many building codes now specify a service life of 75 – 100 years for highway bridges and the critical chloride content is an essential input parameter in the models used in design of structures. There have been numerous studies aimed at determining this parameter but there is no consensus because of the many factors influencing the corrosion. The current standard methods, e.g. ASTM G109, require many weeks or months of testing and are not appropriate for testing large numbers of specimens in different conditions.
This project has demonstrated that a fairly rapid potentiodynamic polarization technique can be applied to carbon steel reinforcing bars in synthetic concrete pore solution to determine the critical value, as illustrated in the figure. The importance of selecting the appropriate synthetic concrete pore solution for this application is demonstrated by the different critical values obtained for different solutions.
The success of this test will allow the influence of different reinforcing alloys and different cementitious material mixes on the critical chloride content to be determined in a reasonable period of time.