bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating the Knowledge Base of a Therapy Planning System
Authors: Shwe M. A. , Tu S. W. , Fagan L. M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Validation of expert system knowledge bases has proved to be difficult. This paper presents a description of a system called ScriptGen that generates test data for validating the knowledge base of the ONCOCIN cancer therapy planning system. Because of the size and complexity of the ONCOCIN knowledge base, we require tools for automated validation. ScriptGen, which applies techniques developed in testing both traditional software and expert systems, uses a parallel model of the ONCOCIN knowledge base and its own inference engine to generate test cases. We derived the limits of the system from a study that seeded errors into an existing knowledge base.
Experiences with the Use of Automation for Collecting and Recording Medical-History Data
Authors: Mayne John G. 
Published: March 2018

For the past several years, experimental studies have been undertaken at the Mayo Clinic to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing electronic data processing to handle medical information, especially the medical information which makes up a medical record. We have experimented with automated techni- ques for collecting and storing medical-history data, specifically with techniques for computer generation and processing of health questionnaires, for computer-controlled administration of health questionnaires, and for computer-controlled entry and retrieval of medical-history data directly by physicians in ordinary English language by use of a video-screen and light-pen computer terminal. The questionnaire studies are concerned with ways of entering into computer storage medical-history data obtained from patients without physician involvement; the video-screen studies are concerned with entry into computer storage of medical-history data obtained by physicians in their interview with the patient. The paper describes our experiences in these studies.
Erfahrungen mit der routinemäßigen Anwendung einer automatisierten Röntgenbefundung (System ORVID)
Authors: Tbeichel J. , Hirsch M. 
Published: March 2018

Die Arbeit berichtet über Erfahrungen mit der routinemäßigen Anwendung einer Methode zur programmierten Befundung und Dokumentation in der Röntgendiagnostik (ORVID). Bei der Befundung von 2 286 Röntgenuntersuchungen erwies sich das System ORVID als praktikabel.Das System bringt für den befundenden Arzt einen erhöhten Zeitaufwand mit sich, der durch Verbesserung der benutzten Satzbibliotheken und durch programmtechnische Änderungen herabgesetzt werden konnte. Einen gewissen zeitlichen Mehraufwand wird man bei jeder datenverarbeitungsgerechten Erfassung medizinischer Befunde in Kauf nehmen müssen.
Pattern-Recognition: A Comparison of the Performance of Clinicians and Non-Clinicians - with a Note on the Performance of a Computer-Based System
Authors: DE DOMBAL F. T. , HORROCKS J. C. , STANILAND J. R. , GUILLOU P. J. 
Published: March 2018

This paper describes a series of 10,500 attempts at »pattern-recognition« by two groups of humans and a computer based system. There was little difference between the performances of 11 clinicians and 11 other persons of comparable intellectual capability. Both groups’ performances were related to the pattern-size, the accuracy diminishing rapidly as the patterns grew larger. By contrast the computer system increased its accuracy as the patterns increased in size.It is suggested (a) that clinicians are very little better than others at pattem-recognition, (b) that the clinician is incapable of analysing on a probabilistic basis the data he collects during a traditional clinical interview and examination and (c) that the study emphasises once again a major difference between human and computer performance. The implications as - regards human- and computer-aided diagnosis are discussed.
AMAP - A General Optical Mark Reader Form Evaluation Program
Authors: Pocklington P. R. 
Published: March 2018

Due to the increasing use of Optical Mark Reader forms for recording data it is desirable that we have a system to process such data from various aspects.This paper describes the requirements of a system that performs such evaluation along with the statements that enable the user to formulate conditions both for the plausibility of marking of such forms and also the necessary evaluation.Also touched upon is the use of such statements for general data evaluation and the link between such a data acquisition program and a general patient data-base.The interpretation modules for AMAP meet the criteria of a problem-oriented compiler and the system makes use of the ASSEMBLER and ASSEMBLER MACRO languages. It has been implemented on the IBM/360—67 computer at the Medical School Hannover.AMAP is a subsystem of the project »DIES« (Data Interpretation and Evaluation System) the aim of which is the production of program modules for the interpretation and evaluation of freely defined structured data.
Validity of a Diagnostic Test Designated by a Single function
Authors: Muic V. , Petres J. J. , Telisman Ž. 
Published: March 2018

We have designated the validity of a diagnostic test by a single function S taking into account the values of clinical specificity, sensitivity, and the morbidity rate. Thus, by the use of this function each possible diagnostic test can be characterized and easily differentiated from each other.When integrating function S over all x’s (morbidity rates), a parameter Is is obtained which can provide information on the total diagnostic capacity of a test because it comprises the diagnostic properties of both the positive and the negative test results (p+ and p-) in all possible samples with the morbidity rate (x) ranging from 0 to 1.p+ and p- parameters being a posteriori probabilities were used to denote the diagnostic validity,of the positive and the negative test results respectively. By these parameters diagnostic conclusions could be drawn even from unselected population samples (with x values between 0 and 1) in which sensitivity and specificity parameters have no diagnostic properties.
Eine Einführung in die Statistik der Todesursachen
Authors: Ebbing H. C. 
Published: March 2018

Der Arzt ist offensichtlich geneigt, den medizinischen Wert einer Statistik der Sterblichkeit und der Todesursachen zu unterschätzen. Er ist häufig der Ansicht, daß die Beteiligung des Arztes an der Beurkundung eines Sterbefalles eigentlich nur im Hinblick auf die Notwendigkeit einer Personenstandsgesetzgebung erforderlich ist. Diese Betrachtungsweise ist durchaus verständlich. Der Arzt hat in der Krankheit zunächst nur individuelles Schicksal zu sehen gelernt.Krankheit ist aber auch Massenerscheinung. Das Phänomen ,,Krankheit” betrifft viele Individuen gleichzeitig unter ähnlichen Umständen. In der Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsstatistik prägen sich Faktoren aus, die bei der Krankheits entstehung mitwirken. Fehlerquellen machen eine richtige Deutung der Statistik freilich oft schwierig. Um Fehlschlüsse zu vermeiden, bedarf es besonderer Erfahrung. Für den kritischen Benutzer ist die Statistik der Sterblichkeit und der Todesursachen jedoch eine wichtige Quelle allgemein-ärztlicher und sozial-medizinischer Erkenntnisse. Sie verdient mehr wissenschaftliche Beachtung als bisher.
Ergebnisse einer Umfrage zur Zeitschriften-Grundausstättung einer medizinisch en Fakultätsbibliothek
Authors: Köhler C. , Hardegg W. , Wagner G. 
Published: March 2018

Zur Ermittlung des unbedingt erforderlichen Zeitschriften-Grundstockes für die geplante Medizinische Fakultätsbibliothek an der Universität Heidelberg wurden die Angehörigen des Lehrkörpers gebeten, in einer Liste von 890 verschiedenen Zeitschriftentiteln aus den Bereichen der Medizin ünd der Naturwissenschaften den jeweils für sie persönlich zutreffenden Dringlichkeitsgrad zu vermerken. 92 Dozenten beteiligten sich an der Umfrage; ihre Antworten wurden einem Gewichtungsverfahren unterzogen, das eine objektive Vergleichbarkeit gestattet.Die Umfrage bestätigte die alte Bibliothekserfahrung, daß nur relativ wenige Zeitschriften sehr häufig, die meisten dagegen relativ selten bzw. nur von einem kleinen Benutzerkreis gelesen werden. Nur 10 (= 1, 1%) der 890 in der Titelliste enthaltenen Periodika wurden von mehr als 50% der Dozenten als »häufig gebraucht« gekennzeichnet. Die Theoretiker scheinen einen wesentlich breiteren Sektor der medizinischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Fachliteratur zu lesen als die Kliniker; sie gaben fast doppelt so viele Titel als »dringend benötigt« an wie letztere. Bei den Klinikern wurden deutschsprachige Fachzeitschriften am häufigsten gewünscht; bei den Theoretikern überwiegen die englischsprachigen Periodika. Zeitschriften in anderen Sprachen spielen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle.Die 50 am häufigsten gelesenen Zeitschriften sowie die jeweils 3 am höchsten bewerteten Fachblätter in 64 unterschiedenen Spezialgebieten werden mitgeteilt.
Die Anzahl verschlüsselter Diagnosen in einem dokumentationsgerechten Krankenblatt für internistische Patienten
Authors: Günther O. , Paul I. , Poser H. , Müller Fr. 
Published: March 2018

Anfang 1963 wurde in der Medizinischen Universitäts-Klinik Greifswald die Krankenblatt-Dokumentation mit Maschinenlochkarten eingeführt; der dafür entwickelte Krankenblattkopf gestattet die Verschlüsselung von maximal 6 Diagnosen.Die vorliegende Arbeit ist hauptsächlich statistischen Untersuchungen über die Verteilung der verschlüsselten Diagnosen auf Diagnosengruppen und Altersklassen gewidmet. Sie lassen nach Ansicht der Verfasser den Schluß zu, daß in einem dokumentationsgerechten Krankenblattkopf für internistische Patienten vier Diagnosen-Felder ausreichen.Abschließend wird kurz das Problem der Krankenblattbearbeitung diskutiert und auf die Bedeutung von Dokumentationsfachkräften hingewiesen.
Improved Communications within a Clinic through the Use of a Realtime Patient Queue
Authors: Ragan D. P. 
Published: March 2018

Communication within a medium to large sized medical clinic is difficult. The problems of exchanging information among muses, technicians and doctors have become a critical issue in many clinics. These problems manifest themselves in patient waiting rooms by1. forgotten patients,2. inequitable scheduling of physician consultation,3. low staff morale due to ambiguous verbal communication, and4. anxiety and discomfort on the part of the patients.In an attempt to solve these problems a computerized patient queue was developed in the radiation therapy clinic at Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (MIR). This system has been used successfully since 1975.
Data Security in Health Information Systems by Applying Software Techniques
Authors: Sauter K. 
Published: March 2018

The problems encountered in achieving data security within computer-supported information systems increased with the development of modern computer systems. The threats are manifold and have to be met by an appropriate set of hardware precautions, organizational procedures and software measures which are the topic of this paper. Design principles and software construction rules are treated first, since the security power of a system is considerably determined by its proper design. A number of software techniques presented may support security mechanisms ranging from user identification and authentication to access control, auditing and threat monitoring. Encryption is a powerful tool for protecting data during physical storage and transmission as well.Since an increasing number of health information systems with information-integrating functions are database-supported, the main issues and terms of database systems and their specific security aspects are summarized in the appendix.
Why We Need Laboratories for Applied Research in Academic Information
Authors: Matheson Nina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:A common vision for an electronic management environment is emerging. Fundamental to this vision is a radical change in the way that knowledge is captured, stored, manipulated, visualized and accessed. To bring these visions to reality, partnerships need to be formed between authors, publishers, and libraries. Research and development in knowledge management is essential and universities must identify more clearly their roles as knowledge creators and distributors.
Description ofa Blockcourse in Medical Informatics
Authors: Hasnian A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:This paper describes a blockcourse in medical informatics. The course is presented to fourth, fifth and sixth year medical students and lasts one week. During the course all aspects of medical informatics are considered. Programming, databases, information systems, signal analysis, pattern recognition, expert systems, etc. are explained. Lectures alternate with hands-on experience. The subjects discussed in the lectures are rehearsed during the practical sessions, so that gaps in the student´s knowledge are immediately detected. The blockcourse has been positively rated by the students.
Education in Medical Informatics in The Netherlands: A Nationwide Policy and The Erasmus Curriculum
Authors: van Bemmel J. , SoUet P. , Grashuis J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The curricula of all Medical Faculties still bear the characteristics of an era in which the physician was not educated in managing medical information systems, using communication networks, and processing knowledge. In attempting to formulate the prerequisites for developing and adjusting future curricula, we discuss the evolution of medical information technology during the past 25 years and give examples to illustrate that, by extrapolating current trends, future developments in information technology, medicine and education can be predicted. A plea is made for a strong interaction between scientific developments in medical informatics and academic education. In addition, a model based on our experience in medical informatics education of over 15 years, is pointed out. Furthermore, a nationwide policy on medical informatics in The Netherlands, is discussed. Our treatise is concluded by presenting the outline of the curriculum in medical informatics at the Erasmus University in Rotterdam. Educational recommendations conclude the paper.
Medical Education System in Czechoslovakia: Achievements and Perspectives of Medical Informatics Education
Authors: Zvárová Jana , Vacek Zdenek 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:In this paper we describe medical education systems in Czechoslovakia and introduce the structure of medical informatics education in the medical curriculum at the Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. We state the results of a recent Prague conference on “Computers in Medical Education" and summarize the state ofthe art and perspectives in this field.
Teaching Medical Informatics to Biomedical Engineering Students: Experiences over 15 Years
Authors: Wigertz O. , Persson J. , Ahlfeldt H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics at Linkoping University in Sweden were established in 1972-1973. The main purpose was to develop and offer courses in medicine, biomedical engineering and medical informatics to students in electrical engineering and computer science, for a specialization in biomedical engineering and medical informatics. The courses total about 400 hours of scheduled study in the subjects of basic cell biology, basic medicine (terminology, anatomy, physiology), biomedical engineering and medical informatics. Laboratory applications of medical computing are mainly taught in biomedical engineering courses, whereas clinical information systems, knowledge based decision support and computer science aspects are included within the medical informatics courses.
The Status of Medical Informatics in Canadian Medical Schools
Authors: Protti D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Many have suggested that information technology in its various forms will continue to have an effect on all aspects of medicine, including medical education. If so, the introduction of information technology into medicine brings with it critical educational policy questions. This paper reports on the findings of an inquiry into the impact of information technology on medical education. It reviews the extent to which Canadian and American medical colleges have adopted the 1985 recommendations of the American Association of Medical Colleges. In particular, it looks at the recommendations that “medical informatics should become an integral part of the medical curriculum” and that “the teaching of medical informatics should include opportunities for specific instruction in its fundamentals as well as adequate examples of its application throughout the medical curriculum".
Continuous Estimation of CO2 Production during Exercise
Authors: Soma R. , Yamamoto Y. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract.A new method was developed for continuous isotopic estimation of human whole body CO2 rate of appearance (Ra) during non-steady state exercise. The technique consisted of a breath-by-breath measurement of 13CO2 enrichment (E) and a real-time fuzzy logic feedback system which controlled NaH13CO3 infusion rate to achieve an isotopic steady state. Ra was estimated from the isotope infusion rate and body 13CO2 enrichment which was equal to E at the isotopic steady state. During a non-steady state incremental cycle exercise (5 w/min or 10 w/min), NaH13CO3 infusion rate was successfully increased by the action of feedback controller so as to keep E constant.
Decision Support for Psychiatric Diagnosis Based on a Simple Questionnaire
Authors: Mizuta H. , Kawachi K. , Yoshida H. , Iida K. , Okubo Y. , Tohru M. , Okuyama F. , Yana K. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:This paper compares two classifiers: Pseudo Bayesian and Neural Network for assisting in making diagnoses of psychiatric patients based on a simple yes/no questionnaire which is provided at the outpatient’s first visit to the hospital. The classifiers categorize patients into three most commonly seen ICD classes, i.e. schizophrenic, emotional and neurotic disorders. One hundred completed questionnaires were utilized for constructing and evaluating the classifiers. Average correct decision rates were 73.3% for the Pseudo Bayesian Classifier and 77.3% for the Neural Network classifier. These rates were higher than the rate which an experienced psychiatrist achieved based on the same restricted data as the classifiers utilized. These classifiers may be effectively utilized for assisting psychiatrists in making their final diagnoses.
Temporal Effect of Muscle Contraction on Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
Authors: Nakamura Y. , Hayashi N. , Muraoka I. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The purpose of this investigation was to compare the heart rate variability at respiratory frequency (HRVRF) in muscle contractions during the inspiratory phase with that during the expiratory phase. Eight volunteers performed pedaling on a cycle ergometer, twice a cycle of respiration (4 sec) against a load of 0.25 Nm/kg BW, of which the timing was adjusted to twice during the inspiration phase (I), once during the expiration, once during the inspiration (El), or twice during the expiration phase (E). Spectral analysis was applied to the R-R intervals of each condition. The amplitude of HRVRF in E was less than half of I (9 ± 2 msec versus 23 ±2 msec). The results indicate that the timing of muscle contraction can affect the heart rate variability even at the frequency band of respiration.
Why Does the Single Neuron Activity Change from Trial to Trial during Sensory-Motor Task?
Authors: Terao A. , Hasbroucq T. , Mouret I. , Seal J. , Akamatsu M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Single neuron activities from cortical areas of a monkey were recorded while performing a sensory-motor task (a choice reaction time task). Quantitative trial-by-trial analysis revealed that the timing of peak activity exhibited large variation from trial to trial, compared to the variation in the behavioral reaction time of the task. Therefore, we developed a multi-unit dynamic neural network model to investigate the effects of structure of neural connections on the variation of the timing of peak activity. Computer simulation of the model showed that, even though the units are connected in a cascade fashion, a wide variation exists in the timing of peak activity of neurons because of parallel organization of neural network within each unit.
Health Information Management Education at the Institute of Health Policy and Management of the Erasmus University Medical Center
Authors: Berg M. , Huisman E. , Aarts J.E.C.M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:This paper presents a review of the philosophy and content of the Master course of Health Information Management that is being taught at the Institute of Health Policy and Management of the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We present our experiences of teaching this master course, including its predecessor. Our work, both teaching and researching, can be characterized by the sociotechnical approach of health informatics, which means that we focus on the interrelation of technology and its social environment.
New Challenges for Health Informatics
Authors: Lun K.C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:In March 2001, the International Medical Informatics Association organized a workshop entitled “Challenges in Medical Informatics” in Madrid, Spain. It invited twenty members of the medical* informatics community to discuss current issues relating to the academic standing of the field. The broad objectives of the workshop were (a) to review the relevance of medical informatics as an academic discipline in today’s setting and (b) to examine its impact by the new world economy. One of the issues discussed was to find an appropriate response to the growing emergence of bioinformatics in the age of genomic discovery and molecular medicine. With the exciting discoveries in molecular medicine coming hot on the heels of the first draft of the mapping of the human genome and the availability of high-throughput measurement of gene expressions using microarray techniques, bioinformatics has, in recent years, gained prominence in life sciences research and development. As the next phase of research will see the applications of genomic and proteomic data in the clinical management and treatment of patients, it is inevitable that bioinformatics and health informatics will converge, presenting an exciting new challenge for our field. The terms “biomedical informatics” and “clinical bioinformatics” have been used to describe this convergence.Another exciting challenge for health informatics comes from the spectre of global bioterrorism. Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the USA and the spate of anthrax outbreaks there and elsewhere, there has been an urgent need to review current methods of disease surveillance. Current research in “preventive bioterrorism” focuses on the use of prodromal (warning) symptoms to predict serious infectious disease outbreaks. The health informatics challenge, in this case, is to develop a wide area network of health information systems to achieve real-time reporting of prodromal symptoms from sentinel stations and to deploy datamining and decision analytical techniques for the outbreak predictions.The third challenge to be covered in this presentation relates to the deployment of networked virtual reality for remote tele-rehabilitation of patients with cognitive and physical impairments. While the benefits of deploying telemedicinal principles for remote medical rehabilitation of patients are clear, the costs and use of virtual reality pose a real challenge. Some solutions are proposed in this paper.