bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deprescribing in Psychiatry
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Miller Rebecca , Cahill John D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of deprescribing in psychiatry, along with the rationale for its importance. Emerging from geriatric medicine, the reduction or stopping of medications in psychiatry goes beyond deciding which, when, and how to decrease a medication to also encompass psychological and social considerations. Settings for deprescribing, along with the involved ethics, are also touched upon. Deprescribing is placed in the context of recovery-oriented care as a broad-ranging intervention encompassing the complexity of decision-making and the doctor–patient relationship. The chapter sets the foundation for the rest of the book, laying out the rationale, structure, and goals of the text.
Deprescribing Antidepressant Medications in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Miller Rebecca , Cahill John D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the specific considerations for decision-making surrounding the deprescribing of antidepressants. The chapter discusses how to arrive at a risk–benefit ratio that considers the pros and cons of deprescribing antidepressants, common clinical presentations of withdrawal symptoms and their management, and the possible steps that may be taken to prevent a recurrence of a depressive episode, including the use of nonpharmacological interventions. Antidepressants are among the most frequently prescribed psychotropic medications and are prescribed in an ongoing way that may be contrary to current guidelines. Commonly encountered decision points are discussed and illustrated with relevant case examples provided at the end of the chapter.
Concluding Thoughts and Future Directions
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Miller Rebecca , Cahill John D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter summarizes and emphasizes the key elements of deprescribing, including developing and maintaining a strong therapeutic alliance, open communication, shared decision making, and a tolerance of uncertainty. The chapter also discusses future directions for research, such as receptor neuroimaging to investigate psychotropic withdrawal syndromes and the consolidation of patient narratives of medication discontinuation. Recommendations for integrating deprescribing into clinical practice, such as the development of tools and algorithms, reminders in electronic health records, and the setting up of “deprescribing clinics” or deprescribing consultation services are also discussed. Finally, the authors provide suggestions for the training of medical students, psychiatry residents, and other prescribers in the process of deprescribing.
Hyperluminous starburst gives up its secrets
Authors: Ivison R J , Page M J , Cirasuolo M , Harrison C M , Mainieri V , Arumugam V , Dudzevičiūtė U 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
HATLAS J084933.4 + 021443 was identified as a dusty starburst via its rest-frame far-infrared (far-IR) emission. Multifrequency imaging and spectroscopy revealed a cluster of four dusty galaxies at z = 2.41, covering 80 kpc. Here, we use Atacama Large Millimetre Array to confirm a more distant, fifth protocluster member, and present X-ray and rest-frame optical imaging spectroscopy of the brightest, an unlensed hyperluminous IR galaxy (HyLIRG). The data reveal broad Hα and bright [N ii] lines, and bright X-ray emission, characteristics that betray a Type-1 active galactic nucleus (AGN), strengthening evidence that AGN are ubiquitous amongst HyLIRGs. The accreting black hole is supermassive, Mbh ≈ 2 × 109 M⊙, with little intrinsic absorption, NH ≈ 5 × 1021 cm−2. The X-ray properties suggest the accretion luminosity rivals that of the starburst, yet it is not obvious where this emerges in its panchromatic spectral energy distribution. We outline three scenarios that could give rise to the observed characteristics, and how we might distinguish between them. In the first, we see the AGN through the host galaxy because of the cavity it excavates. In the others, the AGN is not cospatial with the starburst, having been ejected via asymmetric gravitational radiation, or having evolved towards the naked quasar phase in an unseen companion.
The Lyman-α forest as a diagnostic of the nature of the dark matter
Authors: Garzilli Antonella , Magalich Andrii , Theuns Tom , Frenk Carlos S , Weniger Christoph , Ruchayskiy Oleg , Boyarsky Alexey 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The observed Lyman-α flux power spectrum (FPS) is suppressed on scales below ${\sim} ~ 30\, {\rm km\, s}^{-1}$. This cut-off could be due to the high temperature, T0, and pressure, p0, of the absorbing gas or, alternatively, it could reflect the free streaming of dark matter particles in the early universe. We perform a set of very high resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations in which we vary T0, p0, and the amplitude of the dark matter free streaming, and compare the FPS of mock spectra to the data. We show that the location of the dark matter free-streaming cut-off scales differently with redshift than the cut-off produced by thermal effects and is more pronounced at higher redshift. We, therefore, focus on a comparison to the observed FPS at z > 5. We demonstrate that the FPS cut-off can be fit assuming cold dark matter, but it can be equally well fit assuming that the dark matter consists of ∼7 keV sterile neutrinos in which case the cut-off is due primarily to the dark matter free streaming.
A sceptical analysis of quantized inertia
Authors: Renda Michele 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We perform an analysis of the derivation of quantized inertia (QI) theory, formerly known with the acronym MiHsC, as presented by McCulloch. Two major flaws were found in the original derivation. We derive a discrete blackbody radiation spectrum, deriving a different formulation for F(a) than the one presented in the original theory. We present a numerical result of the new solution which is compared against the original prediction.
New evidence for weak magnetic fields in Herbig Ae/Be stars
Authors: Järvinen S P , Carroll T A , Hubrig S , Ilyin I , Schöller M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In recent years Herbig Ae/Be stars receive considerable attention as their disks are believed to be the sites of on-going planet formation. Confirming the presence of magnetic fields in these stars is critical for understanding the transport of angular momentum during the protostellar phase. Furthermore, magnetic fields set the conditions for strongly anisotropic accretion. In this study we present the results of our recent observing campaigns of a sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars aimed at measurements of their magnetic fields applying the Singular Value Decomposition method to high resolution spectropolarimetric observations. The strongest longitudinal magnetic field of 209 G is detected in the Herbig Be star HD 58647, whereas the weakest field of 17 G is measured in the Herbig Ae star HD 190073. A change of polarity is detected for HD 58647 and in the Herbig Be star HD 98922. The obtained results provide further evidence that Herbig Ae/Be stars possess much weaker magnetic fields than their lower mass counterpart T Tauri stars with magnetic fields of kG order.
Multiplanet systems in inviscid discs can avoid forming resonant chains
Authors: McNally Colin P , Nelson Richard P , Paardekooper Sijme-Jan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Convergent migration involving multiple planets embedded in a viscous protoplanetary disc is expected to produce a chain of planets in mean motion resonances (MMRs), but the multiplanet systems observed by the Kepler spacecraft are generally not in resonance. We demonstrate that under equivalent conditions, where in a viscous disc convergent migration will form a long-term stable system of planets in a chain of MMRs, migration in an inviscid disc often produces a system which is highly dynamically unstable. In particular, if planets are massive enough to significantly perturb the disc surface density and drive vortex formation, the smooth capture of planets into MMRs is disrupted. As planets pile up in close orbits, not protected by resonances, close encounters increase the probability of planet–planet collisions, even while the gas disc is still present. While inviscid discs often produce unstable non-resonant systems, stable, closely packed, non-resonant systems can also be formed. Thus, when examining the expectation for planet migration to produce planetary systems in MMRs, the effective turbulent viscosity of the protoplanetary disc is a key parameter.
iDamage: a method to integrate modified DNA into the yeast genome
Authors: Masłowska Katarzyna H , Laureti Luisa , Pagès Vincent 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn order to explore the mechanisms employed by living cells to deal with DNA alterations, we have developed a method by which we insert a modified DNA into a specific site of the yeast genome. This is achieved by the site-specific integration of a modified plasmid at a chosen locus of the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, through the use of the Cre/lox recombination system. In the present work, we have used our method to insert a single UV lesion into the yeast genome, and studied how the balance between error-free and error-prone lesion bypass is regulated. We show that the inhibition of homologous recombination, either directly (by the inactivation of Rad51 recombinase) or through its control by preventing the polyubiquitination of PCNA (ubc13 mutant), leads to a strong increase in the use of Trans Lesion Synthesis (TLS). Such regulatory aspects of DNA damage tolerance could not have been observed with previous strategies using plasmid or randomly distributed DNA lesions, which shows the advantage of our new method. The very robust and precise integration of any modified DNA at any chosen locus of the yeast genome that we describe here is a powerful tool that will enable the exploration of many biological processes related to replication and repair of modified DNA.
Customizing an Electronic Medical Record to Automate the Workflow and Tracking of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program
Authors: Katzman Michael , Kim Jihye , Lesher Mark D , Hale Cory M , McSherry George D , Loser Matthew F , Ward Michael A , Glasser Frendy D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Documenting the actions and effects of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) is essential for quality improvement and support by hospital leadership. Thus, our ASP tallies the number of charts reviewed, types of recommendations, how and to whom they were communicated, whether they were followed, and any effects on antimicrobial days of therapy. Here we describe how we customized the electronic medical record at our institution to facilitate our workflow and data analysis, while highlighting principles that should be adaptable to other ASPs.

Methods
The documentation system involves the creation of a novel and intuitive ASP form in each chart reviewed and 2 mutually exclusive tracking systems: 1 for active forms to facilitate the daily ASP workflow and 1 for finalized forms to generate cumulative reports. The ASP form is created by the ASP pharmacist, edited by the ASP physician, reopened by the pharmacist to assess whether the recommendation was followed and to quantify any antimicrobial days avoided or added, then reviewed and finalized by the ASP physician. Active forms are visible on a real-time “MPage,” whereas all finalized forms are compiled nightly into 65 informative tables and associated graphs.

Results and Conclusions
This system and its underlying principles have automated much of the documentation, facilitated follow-up of interventions, improved the completeness and validity of recorded data and analysis, enabled our ASP to expand its activities, and been associated with decreased antimicrobial usage, drug resistance, and Clostridioides difficile infections.
The role of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for treat to target in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Mandl Peter , Aletaha Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe treat-to-target (T2T) approach has revolutionized the way we treat patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Recent attention has focused on imaging techniques, in particular musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI as a focus for T2T strategies. Recently, a number of randomized clinical trials have been performed that compared tight clinical control vs control augmented by imaging techniques. While the three published trials have concluded that imaging does not add to tight clinical care, implementing imaging into the T2T strategy has actual advantages, such as the detection of subclinical involvement, and information on joint involvement/pathology and may possess potential advantages as evidenced by certain secondary endpoints. This review examines the findings of these studies and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating imaging into the T2T strategy.
Immunocrit, colostrum intake, and preweaning body weight gain in piglets after split suckling based on birth weight or birth order1
Authors: Morton Jodi M , Langemeier Austin J , Rathbun Theresa J , Davis Duane L 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPreweaning survival and growth are compromised in litters with larger numbers of piglets. We evaluated two approaches for altering initial nursing with the goal to improve access to colostrum by groups of piglets that are known to have reduced access to colostrum. Therefore, we temporarily (1.5 h) removed either the heaviest six piglets in the litter (WT) or the first half of the piglets born (ORD) to provide a short period of nursing with reduced competition for the remaining piglets. We found that WT piglets were heavier (P ≤ 0.05) at 7 d after farrowing and gained more body weight (BW) from farrowing to day 7 than control (CON) piglets which were raised in litters with ad libitum nursing during the same period. Further, we found that the heaviest piglets consumed more (P &lt; 0.001) colostrum and gained more (P &lt; 0.001) BW during the preweaning period but did not have (P &gt; 0.10) greater immunocrits. Although ORD piglets had similar colostrum intake, immunocrits, and preweaning weights as controls, we found that overall the piglets born in the first half of litters had greater (P &lt; 0.01) immunocrits than piglets born in the last half of the litter. Therefore, both birth weight and birth order have effects on traits that are important for prenatal growth and survival, but they differ in that birth weight is more closely related to colostrum intake and birth order affects immunocrit.
Increased Bone Marrow-Specific Adipogenesis by Clofazimine Causes Impaired Fracture Healing, Osteopenia, and Osteonecrosis Without Extraskeletal Effects in Rats
Authors: Porwal Konica , Pal Subhashis , Tewari Deepshikha , Pal China Shyamsundar , Singh Priya , Chandra Tewari Mahesh , Prajapati Gurudayal , Singh Pragati , Cheruvu Srikanth , Khan Yasir A , Sanyal Sabyasachi , Gayen Jiaur R , Ampapathi Ravishankar , Mridha Asit R , Chattopadhyay Naibedya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMycobacterium leprae infection causes bone lesions and osteoporosis, however, the effect of antileprosy drugs on the bone is unknown. We, therefore, set out to address it by investigating osteogenic differentiation from bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Out of 7 antileprosy drugs, only clofazimine (CFZ) reduced MSCs viability (IC50 ∼ 1 μM) and their osteogenic differentiation but increased adipogenic differentiation on a par with rosiglitazone, and this effect was blocked by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist, GW9662. CFZ also decreased osteoblast viability and resulted in impaired bone regeneration in a rat femur osteotomy model at one-third human drug dose owing to increased callus adipogenesis as GW9662 prevented this effect. CFZ treatment decreased BM MSC population and homing of MSC to osteotomy site despite drug levels in BM being much less than its in vitro IC50 value. In adult rats, CFZ caused osteopenia in long bones marked by suppressed osteoblast function due to enhanced adipogenesis and increased osteoclast functions. A robust increase in marrow adipose tissue (MAT) by CFZ did not alter the hematologic parameters but likely reduced BM vascular bed leading to osteonecrosis (ON) characterized by empty osteocyte lacunae. However, CFZ had no effect on visceral fat content and was not associated with any metabolic and hematologic changes. Levels of unsaturated fatty acids in MAT were higher than saturated fatty acids and CFZ further increased the former. From these data, we conclude that CFZ has adverse skeletal effects and could be used for creating a rodent ON model devoid of extraskeletal effects.
Periodic Schwarz–Christoffel mappings with multiple boundaries per period
Authors: Baddoo Peter J. , Crowdy Darren G. 
Published: August 2019

We present an extension to the theory of Schwarz–Christoffel (S–C) mappings by permitting the target domain to be a single period window of a periodic configuration having multiple polygonal (straight-line) boundaries per period. Taking the arrangements to be periodic in the
x
-direction in an (
x
,
y
)-plane, three cases are considered; these differ in whether the period window extends off to infinity as
y
→  ± ∞, or extends off to infinity in only one direction (
y
→  + ∞ or
y
→  − ∞), or is bounded. The preimage domain is taken to be a multiply connected circular domain. The new S–C mapping formulae are shown to be expressible in terms of the Schottky–Klein prime function associated with the circular preimage domains. As usual for an S–C map, the formulae are explicit but depend on a finite set of accessory parameters. The solution of this parameter problem is discussed in detail, and illustrative examples are presented to highlight the essentially constructive nature of the results.
A new QRS detector stress test combining temporal jitter and F-score (JF) reveals significant performance differences amongst popular detectors
Authors: Porr Bernd , Macfarlane Peter W 
Published: August 2019

AbstractQRS detection within an electrocardiogram (ECG) is the basis of virtually any further processing and any error caused by this detection will propagate to further processing stages. However, standard benchmarking procedures of QRS detectors are seriously flawed because they report almost always close to 100% accuracy for any QRS detection algorithm. This is due to the use of large temporal error margins and noise-free ECG databases which grossly overestimate their performance. The use of a large fixed error margin masks temporal jitter between detection and ground truth measurements. Here, we present a new performance measure (JF) which combines temporal jitter with the F-score, and also an ECG database with decreasing levels of signal to noise ratios based on noise generated from different tasks. Our new performance measure JF fully encompasses all the types of errors that can occur, equally weights them and provides a percentage value which allows direct comparison between QRS detection algorithms. In combination with the new noisy ECG database, the JF performance measure now varies between 50% and 100% for different detectors and signal to noise conditions thereby making it possible to find the best detector for an application.
Multi-omic analysis of medium-chain fatty acid synthesis byCandidatusWeimerbacter bifidus, gen. nov., sp. nov., andCandidatusPseudoramibacter fermentans, sp. nov.
Authors: Scarborough Matthew J. , Myers Kevin S. , Donohue Timothy J. , Noguera Daniel R. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTChain elongation is emerging as a bioprocess to produce valuable medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; 6 to 8 carbons in length) from organic waste streams by harnessing the metabolism of anaerobic microbiomes. Although our understanding of chain elongation physiology is still evolving, the reverse β-oxidation pathway has been identified as a key metabolic function to elongate the intermediate products of fermentation to MCFA. Here, we describe two chain-elongating microorganisms that were enriched in an anaerobic microbiome transforming the residues from a lignocellulosic biorefining process to short- and medium-chain fatty acids. Based on a multi-omic analysis of this microbiome, we predict thatCandidatusWeimerbacter bifidus, gen. nov., sp. nov. used xylose to produce MCFA, whereasCandidatusPseudoramibacter fermentans, sp. nov., used glycerol and lactate as substrates for chain elongation. Both organisms are predicted to use an energy conserving hydrogenase to improve the overall bioenergetics of MCFA production.IMPORTANCEMicrobiomes are vital to human health, agriculture, environmental processes, and are receiving attention as biological catalysts for production of renewable industrial chemicals. Chain elongation by MCFA-producing microbiomes offer an opportunity to produce valuable chemicals from organic streams that otherwise would be considered waste. However, the physiology and energetics of chain elongation is only beginning to be studied, and we are analyzing MCFA production by self-assembled communities to complement the knowledge that has been acquired from pure culture studies. Through a multi-omic analysis of an MCFA-producing microbiome, we characterized metabolic functions of two chain elongating bacteria and predict previously unreported features of this process.
Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Is An Inhibitor Of Amine Oxidase Copper-Containing 3
Authors: Romauch Matthias 
Published: August 2019

AbstractZinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a major plasma protein whose levels increase in chronic energy-demanding diseases and thus serves as an important clinical biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of the development of cachexia. Current knowledge suggests that ZAG mediates progressive weight loss through β-adrenergic signaling in adipocytes, resulting in the activation of lipolysis and fat mobilization. Here, through crosslinking experiments, amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) is identified as a novel ZAG binding partner. AOC3 – also known as vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) and semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) – deaminates primary amines, thereby generating the corresponding aldehyde, H2O2and HN3. It is an ectoenzyme largely expressed by adipocytes and induced in endothelial cells during inflammation. Extravasation of immune cells depends on amine oxidase activity and AOC3-derived H2O2has an insulinogenic effect. The observations described here suggest that ZAG acts as an allosteric inhibitor of AOC3 and interferes with the associated pro-inflammatory and anti-lipolytic functions. Thus, inhibition of the deamination of lipolytic hormone octopamine by AOC3 represents a novel mechanism by which ZAG might stimulate lipolysis. Furthermore, experiments involving overexpression of recombinant ZAG reveal that its glycosylation is co-regulated by oxygen availability and that the pattern of glycosylation affects its inhibitory potential. The newly identified protein interaction between AOC3 and ZAG highlights a previously unknown functional relationship, which may be relevant to inflammation, energy metabolism and the development of cachexia.