bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La justice négociée de l’énergie éolienne au Québec
Authors: Prémont Marie-Claude 
Published: June 2019

La signature d’ententes sur les répercussions et les avantages (ERA) est presque devenue la norme lorsque se réalisent de nouveaux projets d’exploitation des ressources naturelles au Canada. Peu d’études se sont cependant penchées sur le recours à l’ERA dans le contexte de l’implantation au Québec des parcs éoliens. L’auteure explique pourquoi et comment ce mécanisme a fait son apparition à compter de 2003 pour la production d’énergie éolienne. Elle montre que les ERA entre les promoteurs privés de parcs éoliens et les municipalités d’accueil ne relèvent pas de la génération spontanée. Elles sont plutôt la résultante d’une structure juridique complexe graduellement mise en place à compter de l’adoption de la Loi sur la Régie de l’énergie en 1996. L’ERA du secteur éolien du Québec est analysée en tant que composante du triangle de la justice négociée, celui-ci impliquant trois parties — les promoteurs de projets, les communautés locales d’accueil et l’État — qui appuient chacune le mécanisme pour des motifs différents. L’analyse des clauses des ERA conclues en contexte éolien au Québec soulève de sérieuses questions quant à leurs effets sur le rôle qu’accorde la loi aux municipalités et sur les obligations de l’État.
Les droits ancestraux des peuples autochtones au carrefour du droit public et du droit privé : le cas de l’industrie extractive
Authors: Otis Ghislain 
Published: June 2019

Le présent article a pour sujet l’incidence des droits ancestraux sur la relation juridique entre les peuples autochtones et les sociétés privées travaillant à l’extraction des ressources naturelles en territoire québécois. La première partie aborde les ententes entre les sociétés extractives et les peuples autochtones relativement aux effets et aux retombées d’un projet d’extraction (appelées « ententes sur les répercussions et les avantages » ou ERA). La seconde traite de la responsabilité civile des sociétés extractives quant aux conséquences préjudiciables de leurs activités sur l’exercice des droits ancestraux des Autochtones. Il ressortira de l’ensemble du propos que les rapports entre les acteurs de l’industrie et les Autochtones se trouvent, dès lors qu’existent des droits ancestraux sur les terres visées, au carrefour du droit public et du droit privé. L’auteur s’attache à montrer que le droit québécois de la responsabilité civile, dont la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne, aura un rôle à jouer dans la protection des droits ancestraux des peuples autochtones sur la terre et les ressources. Sans annexer ni dénaturer le régime sui generis de ces droits tel qu’il a émergé dans la sphère du droit public, le droit privé québécois est à même de les accueillir et de les sanctuariser à sa manière. Par ailleurs, le droit public ne fait nullement obstacle à la conclusion des contrats particuliers que sont les ERA même lorsque de tels contrats restreignent l’exercice d’activités autochtones ressortant aux droits ancestraux. Le droit des contrats apparaît plutôt comme un des instruments à la disposition d’un peuple autochtone pour la mise en oeuvre de l’autonomie inhérente à ses droits ancestraux et pour la poursuite de son développement économique et social. L’incertitude quant à l’identité du groupe titulaire des droits ancestraux pourra cependant fragiliser ces ERA si elles ne respectent pas les régimes territoriaux autochtones.
Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Composition of Four Selected Tropical Medicinal Plants Namely: Ocimum gratissimum, Piper guineense, Gongronema latifolium and Vernonia amygdalina
Authors: Mgbeje Bob I. A. , Umoh Ezekiel Udo , Emmanuel-Ikpeme Christine 
Published: June 2019

Aim: The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the phytochemical composition of the leaves of four selected tropical medicinal plants namely: Ocimum gratissimum, Piper guineense, Gongronema latifolium and Vernonia amygdalina.
Methodology: The phytochemicals in the plant leaves were extracted by cold maceration in ethanol and subjected to both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytochemicals.
Results: The qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed the presence of the bioactive compounds alkaloids, Saponins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, polyphenols, specific cardiac glycosides, tannins, phytates and reducing compound in the leaves of each plant at varying quantities. Resins were only detected in O. gratissimum. From the quantitative analysis, Gongronema latifolium had the highest percentage content of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and reducing sugars. Ocimum gratissimum had the highest flavonoid content.
Conclusion: Taken together, G. latifolium on balance had a higher phytochemical content than the other three plants and thus should be more versatile in the treatment of a whole range of diseases. This was followed by V. amygdalina, O. gratissimum and P. guineense in that order. The fact that most of these phytochemicals have antioxidant activity may be responsible for their antidiabetic activities and use in treatment of other free radical prone diseases.
Physical and biological impacts of collimator‐scattered protons in spot‐scanning proton therapy
Authors: Ueno Koki , Matsuura Taeko , Hirayama Shusuke , Takao Seishin , Ueda Hideaki , Matsuo Yuto , Yoshimura Takaaki , Umegaki Kikuo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo improve the penumbra of low‐energy beams used in spot‐scanning proton therapy, various collimation systems have been proposed and used in clinics. In this paper, focused on patient‐specific brass collimators, the collimator‐scattered protons' physical and biological effects were investigated. The Geant4 Monte Carlo code was used to model the collimators mounted on the scanning nozzle of the Hokkaido University Hospital. A systematic survey was performed in water phantom with various‐sized rectangular targets; range (5–20 cm), spread‐out Bragg peak (SOBP) (5–10 cm), and field size (2 × 2–16 × 16 cm2). It revealed that both the range and SOBP dependences of the physical dose increase had similar trends to passive scattering methods, that is, it increased largely with the range and slightly with the SOBP. The physical impact was maximized at the surface (3%–22% for the tested geometries) and decreased with depth. In contrast, the field size (FS) dependence differed from that observed in passive scattering: the increase was high for both small and large FSs. This may be attributed to the different phase‐space shapes at the target boundary between the two dose delivery methods. Next, the biological impact was estimated based on the increase in dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The LETd of the collimator‐scattered protons were several keV/μm higher than that of unscattered ones; however, since this large increase was observed only at the positions receiving a small scattered dose, the overall LETd increase was negligible. As a consequence, the RBE increase did not exceed 0.05. Finally, the effects on patient geometries were estimated by testing two patient plans, and a negligible RBE increase (0.9% at most in the critical organs at surface) was observed in both cases. Therefore, the impact of collimator‐scattered protons is almost entirely attributed to the physical dose increase, while the RBE increase is negligible.
Two‐Dimensional Arrays of Transition Metal Nitride Nanocrystals
Authors: Xiao Xu , Wang Hao , Bao Weizhai , Urbankowski Patrick , Yang Long , Yang Yao , Maleski Kathleen , Cui Linfan , Billinge Simon J. L. , Wang Guoxiu , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of low‐dimensional transition metal nitride (TMN) nanomaterials is developing rapidly, as their fundamental properties, such as high electrical conductivity, lead to many important applications. However, TMN nanostructures synthesized by traditional strategies do not allow for maximum conductivity and accessibility of active sites simultaneously, which is a crucial factor for many applications in plasmonics, energy storage, sensing, and so on. Unique interconnected two‐dimensional (2D) arrays of few‐nanometer TMN nanocrystals not only having electronic conductivity in‐plane, but also allowing transport of ions and electrolyte through the porous nanosheets, which are obtained by topochemical synthesis on the surface of a salt template, are reported. As a demonstration of their application in a lithium–sulfur battery, it is shown that 2D arrays of several nitrides can achieve a high initial capacity of >1000 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and only about 13% degradation over 1000 cycles at 1 C under a high areal sulfur loading (>5 mg cm−2).
In Situ Method Correlating Raman Vibrational Characteristics to Chemical Expansion via Oxygen Nonstoichiometry of Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Sediva Eva , Defferriere Thomas , Perry Nicola H. , Tuller Harry L. , Rupp Jennifer L. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEffective integration of perovskite films into devices requires knowledge of their electro‐chemomechanical properties. Raman spectroscopy is an excellent tool for probing such properties as the films' vibrational characteristics couple to the lattice volumetric changes during chemical expansion. While lattice volumetric changes are typically accessed by analyzing Raman shifts as a function of pressure, stress, or temperature, such methods can be impractical for thin films and do not capture information on chemical expansion. An in situ Raman spectroscopy technique using an electrochemical titration cell to change the oxygen nonstoichiometry of a model perovskite film, Sr(Ti,Fe)O3−y , is reported and the lattice vibrational properties are correlated to the material's chemical expansion. How to select an appropriate Raman vibrational mode to track the evolution in oxygen nonstoichiometry is discussed. Subsequently, the frequency of the oxygen stretching mode around Fe4+ is tracked, as it decreases during reduction as the material expands and increases during reoxidation as the material shrinks. This methodology of oxygen pumping and in situ Raman spectroscopy of oxide films enables future in operando measurements even for small material volumes, as is typical for applications of films as electrodes or electrolytes utilized in electrochemical energy conversion or memory devices.
DNP‐Supported Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy of Proteins Inside Mammalian Cells
Authors: Narasimhan Siddarth , Scherpe Stephan , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , van der Zwan Johan , Folkers Gert E. , Ovaa Huib , Baldus Marc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElucidating at atomic level how proteins interact and are chemically modified in cells represents a leading frontier in structural biology. We have developed a tailored solid‐state NMR spectroscopic approach that allows studying protein structure inside human cells at atomic level under high‐sensitivity dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) conditions. We demonstrate the method using ubiquitin (Ub), which is critically involved in cellular functioning. Our results pave the way for structural studies of larger proteins or protein complexes inside human cells, which have remained elusive to in‐cell solution‐state NMR spectroscopy due to molecular size limitations.
Positionelle und geometrische Isomerisierung von Alkenen: der Gipfel der Atomökonomie
Authors: Molloy John J. , Morack Tobias , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStrategien zur raumzeitlichen Steuerung von Alkenen durch einen äußeren Reiz sind angesichts der Allgegenwart von Rohstoff‐Olefinen in der Chemie und ihren Folgeanwendungen notwendig. Angelehnt an den 1‐0‐Schalter, der den Sehzyklus von Säugetieren durch eine selektive geometrische Isomerisierung von Retinal ermöglicht, werden Strategien zur geometrischen und positionellen Manipulation des zweidimensionalen Raums von Alkenen mittels chemischer, thermischer und lichtinduzierter Prozesse intensiv untersucht. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beleuchtet den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zur Aktivierung und dem Ermöglichen von Direktionalität in diesen fundamentalen chemischen Transformationen.
Development and application starch films: PBAT with additives for evaluating the shelf life of Tommy Atkins mango in the fresh‐cut state
Authors: Leal Ingrid Lessa , da Silva Rosa Yasmin Carolino , da Silva Penha Josenai , Cruz Correia Paulo Romano , da Silva Melo Pollyana , Guimarães Danilo Hansen , Barbosa Josiane Dantas Viana , Druzian Janice Izabel , Machado Bruna Aparecida Souza 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, formulations of cassava starch and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) flexible films were developed, with glycerol, coconut nanocellulose, annatto, and citric acid in different concentrations, as well as the effectiveness of the selected materials in fresh‐cut mangoes storage was evaluated. The tensile strength of the different formulations varied from 1.90 (E4) to 6.65 MPa (E3c), and the strain varied from 206.31 (E1c) to 278.41% (E8); this variation was dependent on the percentage of the polymer matrix incorporated. Theawvalues of the formulations ranged from 0.396 (E2) to 0.569 (E3c). The Formulations E4 and E7 (with additives) presented good properties and were selected to condition mangoes. The micrographs of these films showed regions of micropores that can facilitate the diffusion of water from the packaged product to the surface, allowing decreases in moisture andaw, which is associated with higher color maintenance during fruit storage. E7 presented better barrier properties than E4 (lower values of WVP and water solubility) which may have influenced in a positive way to maintain the stability of the package in the studied period. E7 can be considered as a viable alternative for minimally processed mango storage. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48150.
Glutaminase 1 Inhibition Reduces Glycolysis and Ameliorates Lupus‐like Disease in MRL/lpr Mice and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kono Michihito , Yoshida Nobuya , Maeda Kayaho , Suárez‐Fueyo Abel , Kyttaris Vasileios C. , Tsokos George C. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveGlutaminase 1 (Gls1) is the first enzyme in glutaminolysis. The selective Gls1 inhibitor bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) suppresses Th17 development and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The present study was undertaken to investigate whether inhibition of glutaminolysis is beneficial for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the involved mechanisms.MethodsMRL/lpr mice were treated with BPTES or vehicle control, and disease activity was examined. Then naive CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE were cultured under Th17‐polarizing conditions with BPTES or vehicle. Furthermore, using newly generated Gls1 conditional‐knockout mice, in vitro Th17 differentiation was examined, and EAE was induced in the mice. Glutaminolysis and glycolysis were measured with an extracellular flux analyzer. The expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) was examined by Western blotting.ResultsTreatment of MRL/lpr mice with BPTES improved autoimmune pathology in a Th17‐dependent manner. T cells from patients with SLE treated with BPTES displayed decreased Th17 differentiation (P < 0.05). Using the conditional‐knockout mice, we demonstrated that both in vitro Th17 differentiation (P < 0.05) and the development of EAE were dependent on Gls1. Gls1 inhibition reduced glycolysis and the expression of HIF‐1α protein, which induces glycolysis.ConclusionWe demonstrated that inhibition of glutaminolysis represents a potential new treatment strategy for patients with SLE and Th17‐related autoimmune diseases. Mechanistically, we have shown that inhibition of glutaminolysis affects the glycolysis pathway by reducing HIF‐1α protein in Th17 cells.
Progression of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: The Importance of Pneumoproteins Krebs von den Lungen 6 and CCL18
Authors: Volkmann Elizabeth R. , Tashkin Donald P. , Kuwana Masataka , Li Ning , Roth Michael D. , Charles Julio , Hant Faye N. , Bogatkevich Galina S. , Akter Tanjina , Kim Grace , Goldin Jonathan , Khanna Dinesh , Clements Philip J. , Furst Daniel E. , Elashoff Robert M. , Silver Richard M. , Assassi Shervin 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL‐6) and CCL18 levels and the severity and progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc)–related interstitial lung disease (ILD).MethodsPatients enrolled in the Scleroderma Lung Study II (cyclophosphamide [CYC] versus mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]) were included. Baseline and 12‐month plasma samples were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to assess CCL18 and KL‐6 levels. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) were measured every 3 months. Joint models were created to investigate the relationship between baseline CCL18 and KL‐6 levels and the course of the FVC and DLco over 1 year according to treatment arm.ResultsBaseline KL‐6 and CCL18 levels each correlated with the extent of radiographic fibrosis. Levels of both CCL18 and KL‐6 declined significantly at 1 year. In both treatment arms (n = 71 for CYC, n = 62 for MMF), a higher baseline KL‐6 level predicted progression of ILD based on the course of FVC (P = 0.024 for CYC; P = 0.005 for MMF) and DLco (P < 0.001 for CYC; P = 0.004 for MMF) over 1 year. A higher baseline CCL18 level predicted progression of ILD based on the course of the FVC (P < 0.001 for CYC; P = 0.007 for MMF) and DLco (P = 0.001 for CYC; P < 0.001 for MMF) over 1 year, as well as mortality (P = 0.0008 for CYC arm only).ConclusionIn a rigorously conducted clinical trial for SSc‐related ILD, KL‐6 and CCL18 levels correlated with ILD severity and declined with immunosuppression. Patients with higher baseline KL‐6 and CCL18 levels were more likely to experience disease progression despite treatment. KL‐6 and CCL18 levels could be used to identify patients with a progressive ILD phenotype who may benefit from a more aggressive initial treatment approach.
Iterative modeling of wind turbine power curve based on least‐square B‐spline approximation
Authors: Bao Yunong , Yang Qinmin , Sun Youxian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPower curve plays a vital role in design, operation, control, and condition monitoring of wind turbines. Especially, it provides necessary information for wind farm maintenance decisions, allowing for not only comparison among the same type of wind turbines installed in different places, but also the same one at different time stamps. A standardized power curve iterative modeling procedure of wind turbines is proposed based on actual supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data for performance evaluation in an online manner with guaranteed smoothness. The data are firstly preprocessed for anomaly detection by following normalization correction and then sliced into different wind speed bins. The least‐square B‐spline approximation method is iteratively implemented for power curve construction based on dominant points selected from the bin centroids, and turbulence intensity correction and outlier detection are conducted iteratively for refining identification results. Finally, the test results based on actual operating SCADA data demonstrate better performance in comparison with two counterparts.
A new generation of predictive models: The added value of hybrid models for manufacturing processes of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Narayanan Harini , Sokolov Michael , Morbidelli Massimo , Butté Alessandro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDue to the lack of complete understanding of metabolic networks and reaction pathways, establishing a universal mechanistic model for mammalian cell culture processes remains a challenge. Contrarily, data‐driven approaches for modeling these processes lack extrapolation capabilities. Hybrid modeling is a technique that exploits the synergy between the two modeling methods. Although mammalian cell cultures are among the most relevant processes in biotechnology and indeed looks ideal for hybrid modeling, their application has only been proposed but never developed in the literature. This study provides a quantitative assessment of the improvement brought by hybrid models with respect to the state‐of‐the‐art statistical predictive models in the context of therapeutic protein production. This is illustrated using a dataset obtained from a 3.5 L fed‐batch experiment. With the goal to robustly define the process design space, hybrid models reveal a superior capability to predict the time evolution of different process variables using only the initial and process conditions in comparison to the statistical models. Hybrid models not only feature more accurate prediction results but also demonstrate better robustness and extrapolation capabilities. For the future application, this study highlights the added value of hybrid modeling for model‐based process optimization and design of experiments.
Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Properties of Aggregation‐Enhanced Emission‐Active Unsymmetrical PtII Metallomesogens through Self‐Assembly
Authors: Cuerva Cristián , Campo José A. , Cano Mercedes , Lodeiro Carlos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a series of unsymmetrical bispyrazolate‐type PtII compounds that exhibit mesomorphism at low temperatures and photophysical multi‐stimuli‐responsive properties. These PtII compounds show a great ability to be self‐assembled by intermolecular Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt interactions in the solid state, so generating a columnar stacking of molecules that is responsible for the formation of the mesophases. By controlling the nature of the molecular assembly through external stimuli such as the temperature, the pressure, or the presence of vapours or solvents, it is possible to modulate the luminescence behaviour of these materials. The PtII monomers emit a greenish light, whereas aggregation of molecules produces a redshifted emission. These metallomesogens also show a high stability and successive grinding/fuming cycles can be performed without degradation of the sample. The application of these materials is very attractive as rewritable luminescent platforms, and their use is already demonstrated.