bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: where are we now?
Authors: Colvin Lesley A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major challenge, with increasing impact as oncological treatments, using potentially neurotoxic chemotherapy, improve cancer cure and survival. Acute CIPN occurs during chemotherapy, sometimes requiring dose reduction or cessation, impacting on survival. Around 30% of patients will still have CIPN a year, or more, after finishing chemotherapy. Accurate assessment is essential to improve knowledge around prevalence and incidence of CIPN. Consensus is needed to standardize assessment and diagnosis, with use of well-validated tools, such as the EORTC-CIPN 20. Detailed phenotyping of the clinical syndrome moves toward a precision medicine approach, to individualize treatment. Understanding significant risk factors and pre-existing vulnerability may be used to improve strategies for CIPN prevention, or to use targeted treatment for established CIPN. No preventive therapies have shown significant clinical efficacy, although there are promising novel agents such as histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors, currently in early phase clinical trials for cancer treatment. Drug repurposing, eg, metformin, may offer an alternative therapeutic avenue. Established treatment for painful CIPN is limited. Following recommendations for general neuropathic pain is logical, but evidence for agents such as gabapentinoids and amitriptyline is weak. The only agent currently recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology is duloxetine. Mechanisms are complex with changes in ion channels (sodium, potassium, and calcium), transient receptor potential channels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune cell interactions. Improved understanding is essential to advance CIPN management. On a positive note, there are many potential sites for modulation, with novel analgesic approaches.
Neuropathic itch
Authors: Steinhoff Martin , Oaklander Anne Louise , Szabó Imre Lőrinc , Ständer Sonja , Schmelz Martin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Neuropathic itch is clinically important but has received much less attention as compared to neuropathic pain. In the past decade, itch-specific pathways have been characterized on a cellular and molecular level, but their exact role in the pathophysiology of neuropathic itch is still unclear. Traditionally, mutually exclusive theories for itch such as labeled line, temporal/spatial pattern, or intensity theory have been proposed, and experimental studies in mice mainly favor the specificity theory of itch. By contrast, results in humans also suggest a role for spatial and temporal patterns in neuropathic itch. Rarefication of skin innervation in neuropathy could provide a “spatial contrast” discharge pattern, and axotomy could induce de novo expression of the itch-specific spinal neuropeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, in primary afferent nociceptors, thereby modulating itch processing in the dorsal horn. Thus, clinical neuropathy may generate itch by changes in the spatial and temporal discharge patterns of nociceptors, hijacking the labeled line processing of itch and abandoning the canonical scheme of mutual exclusive itch theories. Moreover, the overlap between itch and pain symptoms in neuropathy patients complicates direct translation from animal experiments and, on a clinical level, necessitates collaboration between medical specialities, such as dermatologists, anesthesiologists, and neurologists.
A bibliometric study on pancreatic cystic disease research
Authors: Cui Ming , Hu Ya , You Lei , Liu Qiaofei , A Lita , Wu Wenming , Liao Quan , Zhao Yupei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Pancreatic cystic disease is being increasingly identified in patients, and many relevant papers have been published in this field. A bibliometric analysis was previously performed to identify the most influential studies in many subject areas, and the top 100 most cited papers on pancreatic cystic disease were analyzed in this study. The Web of Science database was searched for all papers related to pancreatic cystic disease on June 9, 2018. The top 100 most cited papers were selected and listed in descending order based on the total number of citations (TCs). The author, journal, institution, country of origin, and research focus were further analyzed. The most cited papers were published between 1975 and 2015. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm was the most commonly studied subtype (36%), followed by pancreatic pseudocyst (16%), solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (9%), and mucinous cystic neoplasm (7%). The average number of TCs was 282, and the average citation index value was 21. Thirty-eight journals published the top 100 papers; Annals of Surgery (n = 14) and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (n = 11) published the most papers. Most papers were published in the United States of America (59%), with the majority from Johns Hopkins Medical Institution (15%). Canto MI from Johns Hopkins Medical Institution authored the largest number of most cited papers (n = 8). This study reviews the significant achievements and developmental trends in pancreatic cystic disease.
Predictors of Gastrin Elevation Following Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Helgadóttir Hólmfridur , Lund Sigrún H. , Gizurarson Sveinbjörn , Metz David C. , Björnsson Einar S. 
Published: April 2019

Goals:
The goal of this study was to elucidate the most important predictors for elevation of gastrin in patients on long-term PPI therapy through analysis of data from 2 published studies in Icelandic patients with erosive GERD.

Background:
Gastrin elevation is a known but variable consequence of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Concerns have been raised about the clinical importance of chronic PPI induced gastrin elevation.

Study:
This cross-sectional analysis included patients with endoscopically verified erosive esophagitis receiving long-term PPI therapy. PPI exposure in dosage over weight (mg/kg) and dosage over body surface area (mg/m2) was compared with fasting gastrin levels in two separate multiple linear regression models. Data was collected on age, gender, weight, H. pylori infection, smoking, PPI duration and type.

Results:
Overall data from 157 patients (78 females) were analyzed. Median serum gastrin levels were higher in females than males (92 vs. 60 pg/mL; P=0.001). Simple linear regression showed a correlation between serum gastrin levels and gender (P=0.0008) as well as PPI exposure in mg/kg (P=0.0001) and mg/m2 (P=0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that PPI exposure, both in mg/kg (β=0.95 [CI=0.4-1.5]; P=0.001) and mg/m2 (β=0.02 [CI=0.0-0.0]; P=0.0015) along with female gender (β=0.2 [CI=0.0-0.4]; P=0.02) predicted higher gastrin values.

Conclusions:
Dosage and female gender seem to play an important role in the development of gastrin elevation on PPI therapy. A significant correlation was found between fasting serum gastrin and dosage of PPIs over weight and body surface area.
Race/Ethnicity-specific Disparities in In-Hospital Mortality and Hospital Charges Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease-related Hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Galoosian Artin , Rezapour Mona , Liu Benny , Bhuket Taft , Wong Robert J. 
Published: April 2019

Goal:The goal of this study was to evaluate disparities in hospital outcomes among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) related hospitalizations in the United States with a focus on ethnicity-specific disparities.Background:IBD-related hospitalizations contribute to significant morbidity and health care economic burden.Methods:IBD-related hospitalizations (identified with ICD-9) among US adults were evaluated using 2007 to 2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. In-hospital mortality between groups was evaluated using χ2and multivariate logistic regression models, stratified by Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Inflation-adjusted total hospitalization charges were evaluated using Studentttest and multivariate linear regression.Results:Among 224,500 IBD-related hospitalizations (77.8% CD, 22.2% UC), overall in-hospital mortality was low (0.99% CD, 0.78% UC). Although Hispanic UC patients had a trend towards higher odds of in-hospital mortality compared with non-Hispanic whites (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.95-2.51;P=0.08), no ethnicity-specific disparities were observed in CD. From 2007 to 2013, mean inflation-adjusted hospitalization charges increased from $29,632 to $41,484,P<0.01 in CD and from $31,449 to $43,128 in UC,P<0.01. On multivariate regression, hospitalization charges in Hispanic CD patients were $9302 higher (95% CI, 7910-10,694;P<0.01) and in Asian CD patients were $7665 higher (95% CI, 4859-10,451;P<0.001) than non-Hispanic whites. Compared with non-Hispanic white UC patients, Hispanics had $6910 (95% CI, $4623-$9197) higher charges and African Americans had $3551 lower charges (95% CI, –$5002 to –$2101).Conclusions:Although most IBD hospitalizations in the United States were among non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic patients with IBD had a trend towards higher in-hospital mortality and contributed to significantly higher hospitalization charges.
Fecal Lactoferrin for Assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity
Authors: Dai Cong , Jiang Min , Sun Ming-Jun , Cao Qin 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
Persistent disease activity is associated with a poor prognosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Therefore, monitoring of IBD activity can avoid the poor prognosis. Serum biomarkers reflect a summation of systemic host responses rather than being specific for intestinal inflammation. And endoscopic monitoring is invasive, costly, and time consuming. The objective of our study was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of fecal lactoferrin (FL) in assessing IBD activity.

Methods:
We systematically searched the databases from inception to May 2018 that evaluated IBD activity. The methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies checklist. The extracted data were pooled using a summary receiver operating characteristic curve model. Random-effects model was used to summarize the diagnostic odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio.

Results:
Ten studies comprising 773 IBD patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity values for assessing ulcerative colitis (UC) activity were 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.92] and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.61-0.93), respectively. And the pooled sensitivity and specificity values for assessing Crohn’s disease (CD) activity were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.73-0.88) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.63-0.78), respectively. The diagnostic performance of the FL assay in the UC patients appeared to be superior to that in the CD patients.

Conclusion:
Our meta-analysis has found that FL is an inexpensive, simple, stable, and useful screening marker with high sensitivity and modest specificity for assessing IBD activity, appearing to have greater ability to evaluate UC rather than CD.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Risk of Esophagitis, Barrett’s Esophagus, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Menon Shyam , Nightingale Peter , Trudgill Nigel 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Chronic gastroesophageal reflux predisposes to the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Asthma and medication to treat it are associated with gastroesophageal reflux and EAC. We studied subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to examine the relationship between COPD and medication used to treat it, and the risk of reflux esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and EAC.

Methods:
A case-control study from the UK General Practice Research Database was conducted. Cases were aged 50 or above with a diagnosis of COPD and were matched with controls without a diagnosis of COPD by age, general practitioners practice, and time on the database. EAC was confirmed by cross-referencing cancer registry data. Cox-regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between COPD, reflux esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and EAC.

Results:
A total of 45,141 cases were studied [24,464 male, age 75 (50 to 100) years]. Among COPD cases there were 55 esophageal cancers (30 EAC) and 506 Barrett’s esophagus, compared with 62 (34 EAC) and 329 Barrett’s esophagus among controls. COPD was not associated with EAC on univariable [0.92 (0.56 to 1.50), P=0.73] and multivariable analysis [0.85 (0.52 to 1.40), P=0.53]. COPD was however, associated with Barrett’s esophagus on univariable [0.92 (0.56 to 1.50), P=0.73] and multivariable [1.53 (1.31 to 1.78), P<0.001] analysis and reflux esophagitis on univariable [1.41 (1.36 to 1.48), P<0.001] and multivariable [1.33 (1.27 to 1.40), P<0.001] analysis.

Conclusion:
COPD is associated with an increased risk of reflux esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus but not EAC.
Neuronavigator-guided ventriculoscopic approach for symptomatic xanthogranuloma of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle
Authors: Yan Chengrui , Zhu Shan , Sun Haitao , (Jenn) Wan-Ting Lee , Zhang Xiaoying , Xu Zongsheng , Kong Xiangyi , Chen Xiaolin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Xanthogranuloma of choroid plexus is an extremely rare, benign, and mostly asymptomatic intracranial lesion. We report a case of symptomatic lateral ventricular xanthogranuloma resected via a neuronavigator-guided ventriculoscopic approach. Then we review recent English medical literature and notice that craniotomies have been the most popular treatment. But our choice of a ventriculoscopic approach possesses unique advantages such as minimized neural tissue damage, shortened operative time, less blood loss, and safer access to central structures over conventional open surgeries. Informed consent has been obtained from the patient and his immediate family regarding this case report.
A case report on metastatic ileal neuroendocrine neoplasm to the breast masquerading as primary breast cancer
Authors: Papalampros Alexandros , Mpaili Eustratia , Moris Demetrios , Sarlanis Helen , Tsoli Marina , Felekouras Evangelos , Trafalis Dimitrios T. , Kontos Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) to the breast are very rare entities comprising only 1% to 2% of all metastatic breast tumors. In this article, we describe a case of a neuroendocrine ileal neoplasm metastatic to breast and liver, with breast metastatic tumor to be the initial manifestation of the disease.

Patient concerns:
We herein report a rare case of a female patient admitted to our department with a palpable painful mass on her left breast.

Diagnosis:
The surgical and histological investigation revealed a metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasm to the breast originated from terminal ileum.

Interventions:
A left lumpectomy, right hemicolectomy, cholecystectomy, left hepatectomy along with liver metastasectomies (V, VI, VIII) plus radiofrequency ablation of lesions to the right liver lobe plus standard lymphadenectomy was performed.

Outcomes:
Considering the advanced stage of the disease, the patient received an adjuvant therapy of somatostatin analog plus everolimus. Under the guidance of oncological consultation, patients follow-up with CT and MRI scan and clinical re-evaluations in the first 3 and 6 months, substantiates no evidence of recurrence and she presents herself asymptomatic.

Lessons:
An appropriate level of suspicion and selective immunohistochemistry in these cases, particularly where no prior history of a known primary neuroendocrine neoplasm occurs, may help to diagnose a previously undetected neuroendocrine tumor elsewhere in the body and provide guidance for the appropriate treatment selection.
Evaluation of Aspergillus IgG, IgM antibody for diagnosing in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Guo Yiqun , Bai Yu , Yang Chunxia , Gu Li 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a slowly progressing pulmonary fungal infectious disease caused by Aspergillus. Aspergillus IgG, IgM are now considered to be valuable biomarkers in CPA diagnosing.
Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of Aspergillus IgG, IgM in diagnosing CPA.
In our study, CPA patients were younger than the patients who suffered other pulmonary disease. The most common underlying disease in CPA patients was pulmonary tuberculosis. And the most common clinical symptom was hemoptysis. The comparison among the groups indicated statistical significance with regard to Aspergillus IgG and IgM between the CPA and other pulmonary disease groups (P < .01). The Aspergillus-specific IgG and IgM in infectious group exhibited higher levels than those in colonization group (P < .01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Aspergillus IgG was 0.762 (95% confidence interval: 0.664–0.860) (P < .01).
Aspergillus-specific IgG offers great diagnostic value with regard to CPA.
Health related quality of life in stroke patients and risk factors associated with patients for return to work
Authors: Chen Qi , Cao Chunni , Gong Li , Zhang Yanxiang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To clarify dynamic change of quality of life (QOL) in patients with stroke after treatment, and to explore the predictors associated with return to work (RTW) within 48 weeks.
Patients diagnosed with stroke were enrolled. All patients enrolled were asked to fill in the Short Form 36 Health Survey. For patients with stroke, SF-36 questionnaires were measured repeatedly 4 weeks after treatment. We used phone call to find out if the patient was RTW. The investigation time was 48 weeks.
Patients with stroke had lower scores in terms of physiological dimensions, such as physical functional, role limitations due to physical problems, and general health (P < .001). While patients with strokes scored significantly lower in all mental dimensions including vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health (P < .001). After 4-weeks treatment, we found that, except for bodily pain, scores in dimensions like physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, and general health had increased significantly (P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the result showed that older age (P = .04) and singleness (P = .03) were risk factors associated with QOL improvement in stroke patients after treatment. Outcomes of stroke patients within 48 weeks were explored. The results showed that 108 out of 136 patients RTW within 48 weeks. Average days it took for patients with cerebral infarction to return to work were 77 ± 79, significantly less than patients with cerebral hemorrhage (206 ± 159 days) and patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (117 ± 113 days, P < .001). Multivariate analysis indicated that only QOL improvement (P = .04) and subtype of stroke (P = .01) were independent factors associated with RTW within 48 weeks.
QOL of stroke patients was significantly reduced. After treatments, the physiological quality of stroke patients increased, but the psychological quality remained low. In addition, patients with cerebral hemorrhage and patients with no significant improvement in QOL are independent risk factors for RTW. Therefore, for this subgroup of the population, early diagnosis, close follow-up and monitor of the psychological state should be provided to avoid the occurrence of adverse events.
Effect of remifentanil and midazolam on ED95 of propofol for loss of consciousness in elderly patients
Authors: You Ann Hee , Kim Ji Young , Kim Do-Hyeong , Suh Jiwoo , Han Dong Woo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Older people are more vulnerable to hemodynamic instability caused by propofol due to their decreased initial distribution volume and increased sensitivity to propofol. Midazolam or remifentanil can often be coadministered because of their synergistic or additive effects with propofol as well as amnesic properties and the blockade of sympathetic stimulation. However, no study has confirmed the appropriate dose of propofol for loss of consciousness in aged patients when administered with other drugs, including opioids or benzodiazepines.

Methods:
Patients >65 years scheduled for general anesthesia were enrolled. The patients were randomized into 3 groups using a computer-generated randomization table. Patients in group P (propofol) received only propofol for loss of consciousness, those in group PR (propofol–remifentanil) received remifentanil before propofol, and those in group PMR (propofol–midazolam–remifentanil) received remifentanil and midazolam before propofol. After propofol administration, loss of both eyelash reflex and verbal response represented success. The 95% effective dose of propofol for loss of consciousness in each group, which was the primary outcome, was determined using a modified biased coin up-and-down method.

Results:
In total, 120 patients were randomized into the 3 groups (n = 40). The 95% effective dose of propofol for loss of consciousness was 1.13, 0.87, and 0.72 mg/kg in groups P, PR, and PMR, respectively. The mean blood pressure (MBP) in group PMR was more significantly decreased before propofol injection (P = .041) as well as 2 minutes (P = .005) and 3 minutes after propofol administration (P<.001), compared with group P, but there were no intergroup differences at other time points.

Conclusions:
The effective dose of propofol for loss of consciousness in elderly patients could be decreased by 23% and 36% when remifentanil pretreatment was used without and with midazolam, respectively. However, the decrease in MBP was greater with remifentanil and midazolam pretreatment than with propofol alone. These findings suggest that pretreatment with midazolam for propofol infusions with remifentanil in elderly patients should be cautiously used, due to hemodynamic instability during induction.