bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentido público, direções privadas: o processo de formação político-institucional da Fiocruz (1970-1979)
Authors: Reis Tiago Siqueira 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender a trajetória político e organizacional da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), entre os anos de 1970 e 1979, com ênfase na elaboração das estruturas normativas e funcionais, em especial no modelo de gestão empreendido nos primeiros anos da Fiocruz e no chamado processo de “recuperação de Manguinhos” (1975-1979), a partir da análise das fontes oficiais da instituição, sobretudo dos estatutos, dos relatórios de atividades e planos estratégicos. Partimos da hipótese de que se forjou na Fiocruz um projeto político-institucional constituído pela simbiose entre uma lógica funcional privada que se alimenta de sua identidade pública, no qual os interesses de natureza privada se sobrepõem à edificação de uma estrutura pública e estatal. Portanto, almejamos traçar uma análise crítica da trajetória da Fiocruz, compreendendo a formação de suas bases político-organizacional, os conflitos entre a noção de público e privado na instituição, bem como quais projetos foram contemplados.Palavras-chave: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – HISTÓRIA. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Aspectos políticos. Manguinhos (Rio de Janeiro, RJ).
Portugal, entre colonialismos e fascismos, na visão de Fernando Rosas
Authors: Lohn Reinaldo Lindolfo 
Published: August 2018

Fernando Rosas nasceu em Lisboa há 72 anos. É atualmente professor catedrático aposentado no departamento de História da Faculdade de Ciência Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Foi um dos fundadores do Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC) da mesma instituição, o qual dirigiu entre 1994 e 2013. Com ampla atuação nos meios acadêmicos, da imprensa e políticos portugueses, é um dos importantes estudiosos contemporâneos do fenômeno dos fascismos. Sua produção científica e bibliográfica é vasta e muito influente em âmbito internacional. Ao longo de sua carreira profissional não deixou de exercer sua cidadania e de intervir nas grandes discussões que dominaram o processo político português, desde o movimento estudantil, quando foi um resistente ao regime salazarista, tendo sofrido perseguições e prisão, até os dias de hoje, quando não deixa de pesquisar e manifestar se sobre os temas mais candentes de um mundo em que os debates sobre a história dos fascismos e dos crimes cometidos pelo colonialismo continuam a ser indispensáveis. Entrevista concedida 24 de abril de 2018 no Instituto de História Contemporânea.
Design Principles and Multifunctionality in Cell Encapsulation Systems for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Correia Clara R. , Reis Rui L. , Mano João F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCell encapsulation systems are being increasingly applied as multifunctional strategies to regenerate tissues. Lessons afforded with encapsulation systems aiming to treat endocrine diseases seem to be highly valuable for the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) systems of today, in which tissue regeneration and biomaterial integration are key components. Innumerous multifunctional systems for cell compartmentalization are being proposed to meet the specific needs required in the TERM field. Herein is reviewed the variable geometries proposed to produce cell encapsulation strategies toward tissue regeneration, including spherical and fiber‐shaped systems, and other complex shapes and arrangements that better mimic the highly hierarchical organization of native tissues. The application of such principles in the TERM field brings new possibilities for the development of highly complex systems, which holds tremendous promise for tissue regeneration. The complex systems aim to recreate adequate environmental signals found in native tissue (in particular during the regenerative process) to control the cellular outcome, and conferring multifunctional properties, namely the incorporation of bioactive molecules and the ability to create smart and adaptative systems in response to different stimuli. The new multifunctional properties of such systems that are being employed to fulfill the requirements of the TERM field are also discussed.
Peptide–Gold Nanoparticle Hybrids as Promising Anti‐Inflammatory Nanotherapeutics for Acute Lung Injury: In Vivo Efficacy, Biodistribution, and Clearance
Authors: Xiong Ye , Gao Wei , Xia Fan , Sun Yi , Sun Liya , Wang Ling , Ben Suqin , Turvey Stuart E. , Yang Hong , Li Qiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown great promises in various biomedical applications. Although GNPs exhibit excellent therapeutic efficacy in in vitro and in vivo in numerous studies, there still exists significant biosafety concerns, mainly for their nonbiodegradability and tendency to be trapped in the liver and spleen. To tackle this problem, hexapeptides are utilized to modify the GNP surface to not only impart them with potent anti‐inflammatory activity, but also facilitate their rapid clearance in vivo. Previously, a unique class of peptide‐GNP hybrids that potently inhibit multiple TLR signaling pathways in macrophages was identified; in this work, it is further demonstrated that these hybrids, after intratracheal instillation, are capable of effectively reducing lung inflammation and injury by decreasing neutrophil infiltration and increasing the number of regulatory T cells in the lung in a lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. More importantly, these hybrids can be effectively excreted 26 h post‐administration with only 8.49 ± 0.70% of them remaining in the body, primarily in the lung and intestine and less than 0.03% accumulated in the liver and spleen. This work provides strong evidences that properly designed peptide‐GNP hybrids can serve as the next generation of effective and safe anti‐inflammatory nanotherapeutics to treat ALI.
Organic Light‐Emitting Field‐Effect Transistors: Device Geometries and Fabrication Techniques
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Fang , Liu Xu , Lai Wen‐Yong , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs), as novel and attractive kinds of organic electronic devices, have gained extensive attention from both academia and industry. The unique device architectures can simultaneously combine the electrical switching functionality of organic field‐effect transistors and the light generation capability of organic light‐emitting diodes in a single device, thereby holding great promise for reducing the complicated processes of next‐generation pixel circuitry. This review involves the design, fabrication, and applications of OLETs with a comprehensive coverage of this field with the aim to give a deep insight into the intrinsic mechanisms of devices. Challenges and future prospects of OLETs are also discussed.
State‐of‐the‐Art Electron‐Selective Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Shijing , Buonassisi Tonio , Correa‐Baena Juan‐Pablo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention as efficiencies go beyond 22%. To achieve these impressive numbers, the PSC scientific community is working to improve both the perovskite optoelectronic properties, and, importantly, the interfacial properties of the adjacent electron selective contacts (ESLs). Improvements in both fronts have happened concurrently and are responsible for these rapid efficiency gains. Here, the authors review the recent advances in understanding the role of ESLs on performance improvements. ESLs can be prepared from either organic and inorganic semiconductors, or a combination of both, and their key characteristics are summarized in detail. Current state‐of‐the‐art PSCs employ fully inorganic ESLs made of a thin mesoporous TiO2 or a planar SnO2, with reported certified efficiencies of 22.7 and 20.9%, respectively. While TiO2 shows excellent performance in the short term, it has also been shown to induce solar cell degradation due to its UV absorption properties. Understanding ESLs has been instrumental in the rapid development of PSCs; however, some challenges remain in terms of understanding the role of different ESLs on the long‐term stability of the devices.
All Printable Perovskite Solar Modules with 198 cm2 Active Area and Over 6% Efficiency
Authors: De Rossi Francesca , Baker Jenny A. , Beynon David , Hooper Katherine E. A. , Meroni Simone M. P. , Williams Daniel , Wei Zhengfei , Yasin Amrita , Charbonneau Cecile , Jewell Eifion H. , Watson Trystan M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPerovskite solar cells based on an all printable mesoporous stack, made of overlapping titania, zirconia, and carbon layers, represent a promising device architecture for both simple, low‐cost manufacture, and outstanding stability. Here a breakthrough in the upscaling of this technology is reported: Screen printed modules on A4 sized conductive glass substrates, delivering power conversion efficiency (PCE) ranging from 3 to 5% at 1 sun on an unprecedented 198 cm2 active area. An increase in the PCE, due to higher VOC and fill factor, is demonstrated by patterning the TiO2 blocking layer. Furthermore, an unexpected increase of the performance is observed over time, while storing the modules in the dark, unencapsulated, at ambient conditions (with humidity increasing from 30 and 70% RH), resulting in 6.6% PCE and 6.3% stabilised at Vmax measured after over two months since fabrication. Equally impressive is the low light performance with 11 and 18% PCE achieved respectively at 200 and 1000 lux under fluorescent lighting. It is hoped that this demonstration of good performance on large area can unlock the viability of perovskite solar cells manufactured on an industrial scale.
General Dimension‐Controlled Synthesis of Hollow Carbon Embedded with Metal Singe Atoms or Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Song Xiaokai , Chen Si , Guo Linli , Sun Yu , Li Xiaopeng , Cao Xin , Wang Zhixian , Sun Jianhua , Lin Chao , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) derived carbonaceous nanocomposites have recently received enormous interest due to their intriguing physiochemical properties and diverse energy applications. However, there is a lack of general synthetic approaches that can achieve flexible dimension control while manipulating metal dispersion of MOF derived carbon composites. Herein, the authors present an attractive route for the growth of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with different dimensions and types of metal nodes that can be further transformed into either core–shell nanoparticles or metal single atoms. The formation of a ZIF‐8 seed layer on ZnO template is identified as the key step, enabling uniform growth of various ZIF materials (e.g., Zn/Co‐ZIF, Zn/Fe‐ZIF, and ZIF‐7) with different dimensions (1D, 2D, and 3D). Simultaneously, this approach avoids free growth of 0D MOF particles and diminishing of the ZnO template. To demonstrate the importance of dimensional control over the growth of ZIF materials for energy application, the 1D and 2D ZnO@ZIF precursors are converted into carbon nanotube and carbon nanoplate, which are decorated with Co/CoS2 nanoparticles and Fe single atoms, respectively. Two high dimensional carbon nanocomposites deliver significantly enhanced performances compared to their 0D counterparts when employed as the Li‐ion battery anode and bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst.
Tungsten–Carbon Nanotube Composite Photonic Crystals as Thermally Stable Spectral‐Selective Absorbers and Emitters for Thermophotovoltaics
Authors: Cui Kehang , Lemaire Paul , Zhao Hangbo , Savas Timothy , Parsons Gregory , Hart A. John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThermophotovoltaics (TPVs) is a promising energy conversion technology which can harvest wide‐spectrum thermal radiation. However, the manufacturing complexity and thermal instability of the nanophotonic absorber and emitter, which are key components of TPV devices, significantly limit their scalability and practical deployment. Here, tungsten–carbon nanotube (W‐CNT) composite photonic crystals (PhCs) exhibiting outstanding spectral and angular selectivity of photon absorbance and thermal emission are presented. The W‐CNT PhCs are fabricated by nanoscale holographic interferometry‐based patterning of a thin‐film catalyst, modulated chemical vapor deposition synthesis of high‐density CNT forest nanostructures, and infiltration of the CNT forests with tungsten via atomic layer deposition. Owing to their highly stable structure and composition, the W‐CNT PhCs exhibit negligible degradation of optical properties after annealing for 168 hours at 1273 K, which exceeds all previously reported high‐temperature PhCs. Using the measured spectral properties of the W‐CNT PhCs, the system efficiency of a GaSb‐based solar TPV (STPV) that surpasses the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit at modest operating temperatures and input powers is numerically predicted. These findings encourage further practical development of STPVs, and this scalable fabrication method for composite nanostructures could find other applications in electromagnetic metamaterials.
All‐cellulose films with excellent strength and toughness via a facile approach of dissolution–regeneration
Authors: Cheng Geng , Zhu Puxin , Li Jiali , Cheng Fei , Lin Yi , Zhou Mi 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis study describes a green method for preparing all‐cellulose nanocomposites through a dissolution and regeneration process. Cotton linter pulp was dissolved in 7 wt % NaOH/12 wt % urea aqueous solution precooled to −12°C. Self‐assembly of cellulose molecules into nanostructured cellulose fiber is achieved by using water addition and controlling the temperature to regenerate cellulose. By changing the microenvironment of the cellulose solution, the morphology of the nanostructured cellulose fibers and the mechanical properties of the regenerated cellulose films can be tuned. Then, a series of regenerated cellulose films have been prepared and characterized from various aspects. Compared with other all‐cellulose films in the literature, the regenerated all‐cellulose nanocomposite films prepared in this work exhibited good optical transparency, thermal stability, and excellent tensile strength (up to 135 MPa) when the regeneration temperature was adjusted to 50°C. This work provided a green and promising approach to prepare high‐performance and environmentally friendly all‐cellulose nanocomposites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46925.
Improved mechanical, thermal, and flame‐resistant properties of polyurethane–imide foams via expandable graphite modification
Authors: Yao Yuanyuan , Tian Huafeng , Yuan Li , Wu Qiangxian , Xiang Aimin 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough polyurethane–imide (PUI) foams combine the advantages of both polyurethane foam and polyimide foam, the performance of PUI might still not reach certain high‐level requirements. Thus, expandable graphite (EG), as a kind of effective reinforcing filler, was introduced into the PUI matrix to improve the physical properties of the foam. Furthermore, to enhance the interfacial compatibility, EG was surface‐modified with a silane coupling agent. The experimental results show that the addition of EG was beneficial for enhancing the comprehensive performance of the PUI foams, especially their thermal stability and flame resistance. In particular, the surface‐modified, EG‐filled PUI foam exhibited outstanding enhancements compared to that with only pristine EG incorporation; not only the compressive strength but also the thermal degradation properties were greatly enhanced by the increased interfacial compatibility between PUI and EG. In addition, the flame‐resistant properties were improved by the surface modification of EG. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46990.
One‐pot self‐assembled TiO2/graphene/poly(acrylamide) superporous hybrid for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Zeng J. , Peng C. , Wang X. , Wang R. , Zhang N. , Xiong S. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWe report the development of TiO2/graphene/poly(acrylamide) superporous hybrid by a radical polymerization reaction and explore its environmental application as photocatalyst of organic pollutants. During the polymerization reaction, graphene nanosheets and TiO2 nanoparticles homogeneously distribute on the hydrogel, in which TiO2 nanoparticles with a uniform size are densely anchored onto graphene and self‐assembled into different structures with various graphene contents. The resultant TiO2/graphene/poly(acrylamide) superporous hybrid experiences tremendous adsorption toward dye pollution before photodegradation, and it also displays similar photodecomposition efficiency with pristine TiO2. Moreover, the TiO2/graphene/poly(acrylamide) superporous hybrid is recyclable, which demonstrates the potential of hybrid as an attractive photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47033.
Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of ADAM10 and ADAM17 Highly Selective Bioimaging Probes
Authors: Camodeca Caterina , Nuti Elisa , Tosetti Francesca , Poggi Alessandro , D'Arrigo Cristina , Zocchi Maria Raffaella , Rossello Armando 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAMs) are membrane‐bound metalloproteases responsible for the ectodomain shedding of various transmembrane proteins and play important roles in multiple relevant biological processes. Their altered expression is involved in several pathological conditions, and in particular ADAM10 or ADAM17 overexpression is found in various forms of cancer. To better understand how they are regulated in the cellular context, it is useful to visualize the specific ADAMs pathway by means of molecular imaging techniques. For this purpose, we synthesized bioactive fluorescent probes suitable for cell imaging and that are able to specifically target ADAM10 or ADAM17. Two previously developed ADAM17‐ and ADAM10‐selective inhibitors were chosen for conjugation, respectively, to a Cy5.5 dye and to Cy5.5 and FITC dyes. Herein we also report the synthesis of a gold‐labeled compound as an additional bioimaging probe for ADAM10. The newly synthesized ligands were found to be active in vitro on human recombinant ADAM10 and/or ADAM17, showing IC50 values in the nanomolar range and a good selectivity over matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Finally, these newly developed probes were successfully used for ADAMs staining on different lymphoma cell lines and lymph node mesenchymal stromal cells.
Biobased Benzoxazine Derived from Daidzein and Furfurylamine: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Thermal Properties Investigation
Authors: Dai Jinyue , Teng Na , Peng Yunyan , Liu Yuan , Cao Lijun , Zhu Jin , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA biobased benzoxazine resin (Dz‐f) demonstrating excellent thermal properties was synthesized from daidzein and furfurylamine by using a microwave heating method. The chemical structure of synthesized benzoxazine monomer was identified by FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C NMR) before it was cured and its thermal properties evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TGA, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The cured resin p(Dz‐f) exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 391 °C, a very high char yield of 68.7 %, and outstanding thermal stability; the Tg value obtained was the highest thermal stability value ever reported for polybenzoxazine with a high biobased content. Moreover, Dz‐f demonstrated a satisfying processability, which was rare for the high‐performance thermosetting resins. This work provided us with a new strategy for the preparation of high biocontent resins with excellent thermal properties. In addition, the combination of biobased feedstocks with a microwave‐assisted heating method as well as the potential application of this approach in high‐end fields might perpetuate remarkable progress towards the sustainable development of the polymeric industry.
Rapid Fabrication of Chip‐Based Physiometers for Neurobehavioral Toxicity Assays Using Rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus
Authors: Cartlidge Rhys , Wlodkowic Donald 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn increased interest in implementations of Lab‐on‐a‐Chip (LOC) technologies for in‐situ analysis of multicellular metazoan model organisms and their embryonic stages demands development of new prototyping techniques. Due to size of multicellular organisms the fabrication of soft‐lithography molds requires features with high aspect ratios as well as deposition of layers with significant thicknesses. This makes them time consuming and difficult to fabricate using conventional photolithography techniques. In this work we describe development of a rapid technique capable of generating thick films achieved with high viscosity SU‐8 and used in fabricating master templates for high aspect ratio micro‐ and mesofluidic devices. The cost effective and rapid method eliminated the need for multiple spin coating cycles as well as edge bead artifacts while preserving low surface roughness and superior surface uniformity. Due to elimination of spin coating steps, typically constrained to clean room facilities, the new method allows to significantly reduce microfabrication costs. We have utilized the prototyping technique to develop proof‐of‐concept chip‐based devices capable of effectively caging freshwater rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus for high‐definition video‐microscopy analysis. The combination of time‐resolved video‐microscopy and chip‐based physiometers enabled us to demonstrate new applications for neurobehavioral assays utilizing non‐invasive sub‐lethal end‐points.
Modification of the isotopic composition of rainfall by throughfall and stemflow: The case of Scots pine and downy oak forests under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Cayuela Carles , Llorens Pilar , Sánchez‐Costa Elisenda , Latron Jérôme 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMost hydrological studies based on stable water isotopes (18O and D) use the isotopic composition of rainfall as input signal. Although stable water isotopes are conservative tracers, previous studies have shown that canopies modify the isotopic composition of rainfall. At present, there is a scientific agreement about the factors involved in isotopic modification, but the effect of each factor and the magnitude of the isotopic shift are still not clear. In this study, we analyse at an interevent and intraevent basis the spatio‐temporal differences between the isotopic composition of rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow for two different species (Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus pubescens Willd). The aim of the study is to analyse the isotopic modification that takes place in throughfall and stemflow and how meteorological variables and structural forest characteristics influence the observed changes. Rainfall and throughfall were sampled by a combination of bulk and sequential collectors, whereas stemflow was collected only by bulk collectors. Results showed that the isotopic modification occurred in both directions, although stemflow was consistently more enriched than throughfall. Despite the contrasting canopy structures, no significant differences between species were found. Moreover, the intraevent analysis suggested that all fractionation factors could occur during one event, but evaporation or isotopic exchange would have a higher impact at the beginning of rainfall, whereas canopy selection processes would be more important at the end of rainfall. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the isotopic composition of throughfall and stemflow in isotope‐related studies in forested catchments.