bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of school-based identification of children and young people at risk of, or currently experiencing mental health difficulties
Authors: Anderson Joanna K. , Ford Tamsin , Soneson Emma , Coon Jo Thompson , Humphrey Ayla , Rogers Morwenna , Moore Darren , Jones Peter B. , Clarke Emmet , Howarth Emma 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough school-based programmes for the identification of children and young people (CYP) with mental health difficulties (MHD) have the potential to improve short- and long-term outcomes across a range of mental disorders, the evidence-base on the effectiveness of these programmes is underdeveloped. In this systematic review, we sought to identify and synthesise evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of school-based methods to identify students experiencing MHD, as measured by accurate identification, referral rates, and service uptake.MethodElectronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, British Education Index and ASSIA were searched. Comparative studies were included if they assessed the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of strategies to identify students in formal education aged 3–18 years with MHD, presenting symptoms of mental ill health, or exposed to psychosocial risks that increase the likelihood of developing a MHD.ResultsWe identified 27 studies describing 44 unique identification programmes. Only one study was a randomised controlled trial. Most studies evaluated the utility of universal screening programmes; where comparison of identification rates was made, the comparator test varied across studies. The heterogeneity of studies, the absence of randomised studies and poor outcome reporting make for a weak evidence-base that only generate tentative conclusions about the effectiveness of school-based identification programmes.ConclusionsWell-designed pragmatic trials that include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness and detailed process evaluations are necessary to establish the accuracy of different identification models, as well as their effectiveness in connecting students to appropriate support in real-world settings.
Stopping power of a helium plasma under LTE or NLTE conditions
Authors: González-Gallego Luis , Barriga-Carrasco Manuel D. , Gil Juan Miguel , Rodríguez Rafael , Espinosa Guadalupe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, the stopping power of a partially ionized helium plasma due to its free and bound electrons is analyzed for an electron temperature and density in which local thermal equilibrium (LTE) or non-local thermal equilibrium (NLTE) regimes can be possible. In particular by means of collisional-radiative models, the average ionization of the plasma as well as the abundances of different helium species (HeI, HeII, and HeIII) are analyzed in both LTE and NLTE thermodynamic states. The influence of this ionization and of the different ion abundances on the stopping power of the helium plasma is shown to be quite significant. Finally, our theoretical model is compared with experimental results on slowing down of swift argon ions in helium plasma.
Comparison between electroporation and polyfection in pig sperm: efficiency and cell viability implications
Authors: da Silva Zigomar , de Souza Andressa Pereira , Pandolfi José Rodrigo Claudio , da Fonseca Francisco Noé , da Veiga Lima-Rosa Carlos André , Marques Mariana Groke 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to optimize protocols for electroporation (EP) and polyfection (PLF) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) for pig sperm transfection and to determine which method was the most efficient. For EP standardization, different voltages, amounts and times of electric pulses were tested using propidium iodide (PI) as reporter. For PLF standardization, different concentrations of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled PEI (PEI/FITC) were incubated with sperm for different periods of time. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the best protocol in terms of cell viability, including cytoplasmic membrane, acrosome, chromatin integrities and mitochondrial potential using the FITC probe, PI, acridine orange (AO) and JC1. Transfections with the plasmid pmhyGENIE-5 were carried out under optimum conditions for each procedure (EP: 500 volts, 500 μs and two pulses; PLF: PEI 0.5 mg/ml and incubation time 10 min). Transfection efficacy was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A lower transfection rate was observed for sperm in the control group (17.8%) compared with EP (36.7%), with PLF (76.8%) being the most efficient. These results suggest that the EP and PEI could be an efficient and low cost transfection method for swine sperm. Notably, treated cells showed higher plasmatic the membrane damage (PMD) and/or acrosome damage (AD) indexes, therefore the combination of this procedure with biotechniques that facilitate fecundation (i.e. in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection) or even inclusion of antioxidant or anti-apoptotic drugs to improve spermatozoa viability would be important.
A novel ILP framework for summarizing content with high lexical variety
Authors: LUO WENCAN , LIU FEI , LIU ZITAO , LITMAN DIANE 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSummarizing content contributed by individuals can be challenging, because people make different lexical choices even when describing the same events. However, there remains a significant need to summarize such content. Examples include the student responses to post-class reflective questions, product reviews, and news articles published by different news agencies related to the same events. High lexical diversity of these documents hinders the system’s ability to effectively identify salient content and reduce summary redundancy. In this paper, we overcome this issue by introducing an integer linear programming-based summarization framework. It incorporates a low-rank approximation to the sentence-word cooccurrence matrix to intrinsically group semantically similar lexical items. We conduct extensive experiments on datasets of student responses, product reviews, and news documents. Our approach compares favorably to a number of extractive baselines as well as a neural abstractive summarization system. The paper finally sheds light on when and why the proposed framework is effective at summarizing content with high lexical variety.
Consistency and replicability of a pharmacist-led intervention for asthma patients: Italian Medicines Use Review (I-MUR)
Authors: Manfrin Andrea , Krska Janet 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess the consistency and replicability of these process measures during provision of the Italian Medicines Use Review (I-MUR).BackgroundMedication review is a common intervention provided by community pharmacists in many countries, but with little evidence of consistency and replicability. The I-MUR utilised a standardised question template in two separate large-scale studies. The template facilitated pharmacists in recording medicines and problems reported by patients, the pharmaceutical care issues (PCIs) they found and actions they took to improve medicines use.MethodsCommunity pharmacists from four cities and across 15 regions were involved in the two studies. Patients included were adults with asthma. Medicines use, adherence, asthma problems, PCIs and actions taken by pharmacists were compared across studies to assess consistency and replicability of I-MUR.FindingsThe total number of pharmacists and patients completing the studies was 275 and 1711, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the studies in the following domains: patients’ demographic, patients’ perceived problems, adherence, asthma medicines used and healthy living advice provided by pharmacists. The proportion of patients in which pharmacists identified PCIs was similar across both studies. There were differences only in the incidence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, the frequency of potential drug-disease interactions and in the types of advice given to patients and GPs.ConclusionsThe use of a standardised template for the I-MUR may have contributed to a degree of consistency in the issues found, which suggests this intervention could have good replicability.
Generic Atmospheric Correction Model for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Observations
Authors: Yu Chen , Li Zhenhong , Penna Nigel T. , Crippa Paola 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor mapping Earth surface movements at larger scale and smaller amplitudes, many new synthetic aperture radar instruments (Sentinel‐1A/B, Gaofen‐3, ALOS‐2) have been developed and launched from 2014–2017, and this trend is set to continue with Sentinel‐1C/D, Gaofen‐3B/C, RADARSAT Constellation planned for launch during 2018–2025. This poses more challenges for correcting interferograms for atmospheric effects since the spatial‐temporal variations of tropospheric delay may dominate over large scales and completely mask the actual displacements due to tectonic or volcanic deformation. To overcome this, we have developed a generic interferometric synthetic aperture radar atmospheric correction model whose notable features comprise (i) global coverage, (ii) all‐weather, all‐time useability, (iii) correction maps available in near real time, and (iv) indicators to assess the correction performance and feasibility. The model integrates operational high‐resolution European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data (0.125° grid, 137 vertical levels, and 6‐hr interval) and continuous GPS tropospheric delay estimates (every 5 min) using an iterative tropospheric decomposition model. The model's performance was tested using eight globally distributed Sentinel‐1 interferograms, encompassing both flat and mountainous topographies, midlatitude and near polar regions, and monsoon and oceanic climate systems, achieving a phase standard deviation and displacement root‐mean‐square (RMS) of ~1 cm against GPS over wide regions (250 by 250 km). Indicators describing the model's performance including (i) GPS network and ECMWF cross RMS, (ii) phase versus estimated atmospheric delay correlations, (iii) ECMWF time differences, and (iv) topography variations were developed to provide quality control for subsequent automatic processing and provide insights of the confidence level with which the generated atmospheric correction maps may be applied.
Physics‐Based Modeling of Earthquake‐Induced Ionospheric Disturbances
Authors: Meng X. , Verkhoglyadova O. P. , Komjathy A. , Savastano G. , Mannucci A. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo numerically simulate earthquake‐induced ionospheric disturbances, we extend the Wave Perturbation‐Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model, which was originally developed for tsunami‐ionosphere coupling via gravity waves, to the case of earthquake‐ionosphere coupling via acoustic‐gravity waves. The new Wave Perturbation‐Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model represents epicentral crustal movements by a point source specified with the ground motion data from seismic measurements. The model then solves for the neutral atmospheric perturbations generated by spherical acoustic‐gravity waves and the resulting ionospheric plasma perturbations over the epicentral area. We apply the model to simulate the near‐field ionospheric disturbances during two major earthquake events: the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki, Japan, and the 2015 Illapel, Chile, events. To validate the results, we extract receiver‐to‐satellite total electron content perturbations from the simulations and compare them to the corresponding slant total electron content perturbations from Global Positioning System observations. We find good agreement on magnitudes and arrival times between the simulations and observations.
Temporal Variations of Near‐Surface Anisotropy Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing at a Shale Play Site in Southwest China
Authors: Zuo Qiankun , Tang Youcai , Niu Fenglin , Li Guoliang , Chen Haichao , Tao Kai , Chen Benchi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractKnowledge of the geometric properties of fractures and cracks in a petroleum reservoir is important to reservoir exploitation. When aligned and partially connected, fractures and cracks can act as conduits for fluid flow and thus can significantly increase the permeability of the reservoir. The aligned fractures and cracks, on the other hand, are an effective means to generate seismic anisotropy. In this study, we utilize the seismic data recorded by a vertical array installed in a shallow borehole at a shale play site in southwest China. By applying seismic interferometry to the ambient noise data recorded by 12 three‐component geophones, we extractPandSwaves propagating vertically along the borehole. TheSwaves show up to 20% velocity variations with respect to their polarization directions. Such largeSwave anisotropy can be explained by the horizontal transverse isotropic model and is likely caused by natural fractures that are widely present in the area and align approximately in the NE‐SW direction. During the 13‐day period of hydraulic fracking treatment, we also observe large and systematic temporal variations inSwave velocity, degree ofSwave polarization anisotropy, and fast polarization direction. By comparing our observations with normal strain changes calculated with a half‐space elastic model, we speculate that strain changes induced by hydraulic injection and fracturing are likely to be responsible for the observed temporal variations in seismic anisotropy. As such, seismic interferometry with shallow borehole acquisition might provide an alternative means to monitor hydraulic fracturing and wastewater injection in the future.
Fluid Injection and the Mechanics of Frictional Stability of Shale‐Bearing Faults
Authors: Scuderi Marco M. , Collettini C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFluid overpressure is one of the primary mechanisms for triggering tectonic fault slip and human‐induced seismicity. This mechanism is appealing because fluid overpressure reduces the effective normal stress, hence favoring fault reactivation. However, upon fault reactivation models of earthquake nucleation suggest that increased fluid pressure should favor stable sliding rather than dynamic failure. Here we describe laboratory experiments on shale fault gouge, conducted in the double direct shear configuration in a true‐triaxial machine. To characterize frictional stability and hydrological properties we performed three types of experiments: (1) stable sliding shear experiments to determine the material failure envelope and permeability, (2) velocity step experiments to determine the rate‐and‐state frictional properties, and (3) creep experiments to study fault slip evolution with increasing pore fluid pressure. The shale gouge shows low frictional strength, μ = 0.28, and permeability, k ~ 10−19 m2 together with a velocity strengthening behavior indicative of aseismic slip. During fault pressurization, we document that upon failure slip velocity remains slow (i.e., v ~ 200 μm/s), not approaching dynamic slip rates. We relate this fault slip behavior to the interplay between the fault weakening induced by fluid pressurization, the strong rate‐strengthening behavior of shales, and the evolution of fault zone structure. Our data show that fault rheology and fault stability is controlled by the coupling between fluid pressure and rate‐and‐state friction parameters.
Crustal Structure and Dynamics of Botswana
Authors: Fadel Islam , van der Meijde Mark , Paulssen Hanneke 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present the first nationwide crustal thickness and Vp/Vs maps for Botswana based on the analysis of new P wave receiver functions of NARS‐Botswana network integrated with previous receiver function results in Botswana. Using H‐K analysis, we found crustal thickness values ranging from 34 km for the Okavango Rift Zone to 49 km at the border between the Magondi Belt and the Zimbabwe Craton. For stations with significant sediment cover, a sediment correction was applied based on sequential H‐K stacking. We observed distinct differences for the Kaapvaal craton. The eastern part has a high Vp/Vs ratio typical of a predominantly mafic composition, suggesting lateral extension of the Bushveld mafic complex. On the other hand, the western part with a Vp/Vs ratio of 1.67 is felsic, probably as a result of delamination caused by Proterozoic rifting processes. Further to the west of the Kaapvaal Craton, we found a crustal thickness of 42 km and a Vp/Vs ratio of 1.76 for the Nosop Basin. These values are similar to other cratonic regions in Botswana, suggesting the presence of a buried craton as proposed by previous studies. We confirm a relatively thin crust (∼34–39 km), compared to the rest of Botswana, and high Vp/Vs ratio (∼1.84) underneath the Okavango Rift Zone found by previous receiver function studies. Notably, we also found a relatively thin crust (37 km) and high Vp/Vs ratio (1.84) in central Botswana underneath the Passarge Basin.
The Cassini State of the Moon's Inner Core
Authors: Stys Christopher , Dumberry Mathieu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a model of the precession dynamics of the Moon that comprises a fluid outer core and a solid inner core. We show that three Cassini states associated with the inner core exist. The tilt angle of the inner core in each of these states is determined by the ratio between the free inner core nutation frequency (ωficn) and the precession frequency Ωp=2π/18.6 year−1. All three Cassini states are possible if |ωficn|>2π/16.4 year−1, but only one is possible otherwise. Assuming that the lowest energy state is favored, this transition marks a discontinuity in the tilt angle of the inner core, transiting from −33° to 17° as measured with respect to the mantle figure axis, where negative angles indicate a tilt toward the orbit normal. Possible Lunar interior density structures cover a range of ωficn, from approximately half to twice as large as Ωp, so the precise tilt angle of the inner core remains unknown, though it is likely large because Ωp is within the resonant band of ωficn. Adopting one specific density model, we suggest an inner core tilt of approximately −17°. Viscoelastic deformations within the inner core and melt and growth at the surface of a tilted inner core, both neglected in our model, should reduce this amplitude. If the inner core is larger than approximately 200 km, it may contribute by as much as a few thousandths of a degree on the observed mantle precession angle of 1.543°.
Effects of Explicit Convection on Land Surface Air Temperature and Land‐Atmosphere Coupling in the Thermal Feedback Pathway
Authors: Sun J. , Pritchard M. S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSimulating and understanding continental temperature extremes is a critical issue in Earth System Modeling. Conventional general circulation models are impaired by imperfect cloud and boundary layer parameterization schemes with implications for potentially unrealistic distributions of atmospheric variables and land‐atmosphere coupling signals. In this study we examine a modern version of Superparameterization (SP) in the Community Atmosphere Model v.5 to examine impacts of SP on the characteristics of land surface air temperature, thermal land‐atmosphere coupling, and the relationship between them. The results show that SP in the Community Atmosphere Model (SPCAM) improves mean land surface air temperature at daily time scales regionally compared to Community Atmosphere Model 5 and better simulates thermal land‐atmosphere coupling (soil moisture‐surface air temperature coupling) in several well‐known hot spots (e.g., the Great Plains, Sahel, and India). Detailed analysis of regional probability distribution functions reveals how the intrinsic relationships of atmosphere variables, land‐atmosphere coupling, and temperature extremes are modified by SP. Regression‐type metrics are also used to examine global land‐atmosphere coupling, with some expected limitations where multiple coupling regimes coexist temporally. Stratifying results by soil moisture percentile proves illuminating in this regard and reveals that SP frequently amplifies land‐atmosphere thermal coupling at the dry end of regional coupling regimes.
Differentiation-state plasticity is a targetable resistance mechanism in basal-like breast cancer
Authors: Risom Tyler , Langer Ellen M. , Chapman Margaret P. , Rantala Juha , Fields Andrew J. , Boniface Christopher , Alvarez Mariano J. , Kendsersky Nicholas D. , Pelz Carl R. , Johnson-Camacho Katherine , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Chin Koei , Aswani Anil J. , Wang Nicholas J. , Califano Andrea , Lewis Michael T. , Tomlin Claire J. , Spellman Paul T. , Adey Andrew , Gray Joe W. , Sears Rosalie C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntratumoral heterogeneity in cancers arises from genomic instability and epigenomic plasticity and is associated with resistance to cytotoxic and targeted therapies. We show here that cell-state heterogeneity, defined by differentiation-state marker expression, is high in triple-negative and basal-like breast cancer subtypes, and that drug tolerant persister (DTP) cell populations with altered marker expression emerge during treatment with a wide range of pathway-targeted therapeutic compounds. We show that MEK and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor-driven DTP states arise through distinct cell-state transitions rather than by Darwinian selection of preexisting subpopulations, and that these transitions involve dynamic remodeling of open chromatin architecture. Increased activity of many chromatin modifier enzymes, including BRD4, is observed in DTP cells. Co-treatment with the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 and the BET inhibitor JQ1 prevents changes to the open chromatin architecture, inhibits the acquisition of a DTP state, and results in robust cell death in vitro and xenograft regression in vivo.
An alternative pathway of enteric PEDV dissemination from nasal cavity to intestinal mucosa in swine
Authors: Li Yuchen , Wu Qingxin , Huang Lulu , Yuan Chen , Wang Jialu , Yang Qian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. Although the fecal–oral route is generally accepted, an increased number of reports indicate that airborne transmission may contribute to PEDV outbreak. Here, we show that PEDV could cause typical diarrhea in piglets through a nasal spray. Firstly, PEDV can develop a transient nasal epithelium infection. Subsequently, PEDV-carrying dendritic cells (DCs) allow the virus to be transferred to CD3+ T cells via the virological synapse. Finally, virus-loaded CD3+ T cells reach the intestine through the blood circulation, leading to intestinal infection via cell-to-cell contact. Our study provides evidence for airborne transmission of a gastrointestinal infected coronavirus and illustrates the mechanism of its transport from the entry site to the pathogenic site.