bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of coffee silver skin and brewers’ spent grain in the control of root-knot nematodes
Authors: Thligene N. , Mezzapesa G. N. , Mondelli D. , Trani A. , Veronico P. , Melillo M. T. , Dumontet S. , Miano T. , Sasanelli N. 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important pests of numerous agricultural crops especially vegetables, able to cause remarkable yield losses correlated to soil nematode population densities at sowing or transplant. The concern on environmental risks, stemming from the use of chemical pesticides acting as nematicides, compels to their replacement with more sustainable pest control strategies. To verify the effect of aqueous extracts of the agro-industry waste coffee silverskin (CS) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the widespread root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and on the physiology of tomato plants, a pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2 °C. The possible phytotoxicity of CS and BSG extracts was assessed on garden cress seeds. Tomato plants (landrace of Apulia Region) were transplanted in an artificial nematode infested soil with an initial population density of 3.17 eggs and juveniles/mL soil. CS and BSG were applied at rates of 50 and 100 % (1L/pot). Untreated and Fenamiphos EC 240 (nematicide) (0.01 μL a.i./mL soil) treated plants were used as controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophyll content of tomato plants were estimated during the experiment. CS extract, at both doses, significantly reduced nematode population in comparison to the untreated control, although it was less effective than Fenamiphos. BSG extract did not reduce final nematode population compared to the control. Ten days after the first treatment, CS 100 %, BSG 50 % and BSG 100% elicited the highest ROS values, which considerably affected the growth of tomato plants in comparison to the untreated plants. The control of these pests is meeting with difficulties because of the current national and international regulations in force, which are limiting the use of synthetic nematicides. Therefore, CS extracts could assume economic relevance, as alternative products to be used in sustainable strategies for nematode management.
Multiple parasitic infestation in a nine-month-old patient: a case report
Authors: Intra J. , Sarto C. , Manuli E. , Vannini P. M. , Brambilla P. 
Published: March 2019

Summary
We are reporting the case of a nine-month-old Pakistani female with complaint of growth retardation who presented multiple intestinal parasitic infections. Probably because of contamination with fecal matter, the initial microscopic examination of the urinary sample revealed the presence of eggs of Enterobius vermicularis, cysts of Entamoeba coli, and an organism similar to mites. Stool samples were obtained after two weeks and microscopic investigation confirmed the presence of Enterobius vermicularis eggs, cysts of Entamoeba coli, and hookworm eggs. The patient was immediately subjected to mebendazole therapy associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, to which she responded well. Follow-up stool re-examinations performed 15 and 30 days after the treatment tested negative for all parasitic ova and cysts. This study reflects the importance of considering multiple parasitic infestations in low socio-economic populations and highlights the need of improving poor hygienic conditions to prevent such infections, in particular in children.
Production of zinc oxide thin films and crystals in different deposition times and investigation of their structural, optical and electronic properties
Authors: Kangarlou Haleh , Esmaili Parisa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
An aqueous colloidal solution was prepared at 80 °C and pH = 9 from suitable chemical compounds to produce zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals and thin films. The ZnO crystals were grown in the colloidal solution under special conditions. Their micrographs showed ZnO rods with hexagonal structure. The number of the rods, increased over time. The ZnO thin films were produced on glass substrates in the same colloidal solution using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method in different deposition times. The produced films were post-annealed for about one hour at 400 °C. Crystalline structure, phase transitions and nanostructure of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). ZnO wurtzite structure was dominant, and by increasing the deposition time, the films became more crystalline. Nanostructure of the films changed from rod to wire and transformed into pyramid-like structures. Also, morphology of the films changed and re-nucleation ocurred. Optical reflectance was measured in the wavelength of 300 nm to 800 nm with a spectrophotometer. Other optical properties and optical band gaps were calculated using Kramers-Kronig relation on reflectivity curves. Second harmonic generation was calculated by Z-scan technique. Nonlinear refraction and real part of susceptibilities were obtained. Both positive and negative nonlinear refractions appeared in the ZnO films. It is important for the use in optoelectronic devices. Electronic properties were assessed by the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method, within density functional theory (DFT). In this approach, the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used for the exchange-correlation potential calculation. The band gap structure and density of states were calculated.
The effect of oxidation process on graphene oxide fiber properties
Authors: Ucar Nuray , Yuksek Ilkay Ozsev , Olmez Mervin , Can Elif , Onen Ayşen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Graphene, a carbon allotrope, became a significant area of research with its superior electrical, mechanical, optical properties, etc. There are several methods to obtain graphene oxide from graphite, one of which is the Hummers method. In this study, several modifications and pre-treatments preceding the Hummers method have been employed. Three different graphene oxide fibers have been produced by three different procedures, i.e. fibers obtained by Hummers method with pre-oxidation step, modified Hummers method and modified Hummers method with pre-oxidation step. It has been observed that pre-oxidation has a significant effect on graphene oxide fiber properties produced by wet spinning process (coagulation). Modified Hummers method without pre-oxidation leads to the highest breaking strength and breaking elongation. Reduced fiber linear density, breaking strength and breaking elongation together with increased crimp were observed in graphene fiber due to the addition of pre-oxidation step.
Maintaining genetic variation in breeding populations of Radiata pine in New Zealand
Authors: Shelbourne C.J.A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Advanced generation selection (AS) for the future breeding population (BP), becam a focus of tree breeders‘ thinking in the mid 1970s., particularly with Pinus radiata in New Zealand (NZ). Multitrait selection among families was generally recommen­ded, but this reduced genetic variation in the future breeding population. From Shaw and Hood‘s (1985) stochastic simulation, later confirmed by Rosvall, Lindgren and Mullin‘s (1998) stochastic simulation on Norway spruce, it was realised that selecting within families rather than among families of a new breeding population avoided any reduction of genetic variation in the BP. Heritabilities were low for seedling within-family selection but clonal replication within families should strongly increase heritabilities. Gains from cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were also deterministically simulated (Shelbourne et al. 2007), and balanced (within-family) selec­tion gains from the cloned populations were all higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities of 0.5 and under. The late P.A. Jefferson‘s (2016) Breeding Management Plan (which will be soon superceded) contains a re description of New Zealand (NZ) radiata pine breeding. Selections were made in crosses from the earlier program and OP see and scion mate­rial were collected from all 360 selections. OP family tests of selections have been planted at 11 sites in NZ and 7 in New South Wales and Tasmania, and scions of their female parents have all been grafted at an archive. Crosses made in the archive are being cloned and the programme was committed to within-family selection to retain genetic variance for the future closed breeding population. Clonally-replicated testing paired with within-family selection is the solution for balancing long-term gain and diversity in BP and PP.
Disability Disclosure in the Workplace
Authors: Wilton Robert D 
Published: March 2019

This paper is concerned with workplace accommodation and the extent to which people feel able to disclose disabilities at work. Disclosure is central to accommodation in the sense that workers must feel comfortable describing their needs to employers. Where this is not the case - for example, where workers are concerned about the precariousness of their position and the fact that disclosure may result in dismissal - legal requirements for accommodation can be ineffective. To explore this issue, the paper uses qualitative data from interviews with fifty-nine people with physical, learning, psychiatric and sensory disabilities in the Hamilton labour market. Analysis indicates that most respondents viewed disclosure as a risky endeavour, and a significant minority did not disclose due to concerns about not being hired or being dismissed. The conclusion discusses the need for accommodating workplaces and the implications for the labour movement.
Niveles de problemicidad en la Universidad Médica
Authors: Cáceres Correa Silvia Alexandra 
Published: March 2019

La Universidad Médica asume en la actualidad importante retos, dados por la complejidad de los problemas que enfrenta el aprendiz desde los primeros años de la Carrera de Medicina. La disciplina Técnicas de Estudio, constituye un instrumento básico para comprender y procesar la información permitiendo a los estudiantes adquirir y desarrollar estrategias de aprendizaje, cognitivas y metacognitivas; valores y actitudes que le permitan trabajar y reflexionar con los temas de modo transversal, empleando una metodología en la que el sujeto es protagonista y constructor de su aprendizaje, guiado por el docente, con el objetivo de promover un pensamiento reflexivo, analítico y crítico, que le permitirá potenciar la comunicación a través del diálogo y la escucha activa.
Effect of sintering temperature on the densification and optical properties of spark plasma sintered ZnSe ceramics
Authors: Ehsani Marzieh , Safian Saman , Zakeri Mohammad , Rahimipour Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present study, ZnSe ceramics were sintered at different temperatures in the range of 900 °C to 1 100 °C by spark plasma sintering. Microstructure, hardness, phase composition, and the optical properties of the ceramics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, micro-Vickers hardness, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that temperature has a strong effect on grain growth as well as on reducing porosity and improving the properties. The optimal combination of properties (99.5 % density, 165 kg mm−2 hardness and 30 % transmission) was achieved after sintering at 1 100 °C for a holding time of 10 min with an applied pressure of 90 MPa. Furthermore, the grains tended to orient along the spark plasma sintering direction via preferential grain growth that was observed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
Merab Mamardashvili: Event of Thought and Pedagogic Practice
Authors: Ryndin D. G. 
Published: March 2019

The concept of event has been widely disseminated in various fields of human sciences, including the psychology of education and pedagogics. If one seeks to explore the full heuristic potential of the concept, it is necessary to take into account its essential affiliation with non-classical ontology. The article presents an attempt to analyze the inner structure of Merab Mamardashvili’s oral philosophical speech, that can be considered a distinctive feature of the series of lection courses, which he held in the late 70-ies – beginning of 80-ies mainly for the audience of non-philosophers. The article deals with the research of essential connection between form and content of Mamardashvili’s philosophy. In the light of this connection the article reviews the project of the non-classical ontology of cognition, that Mamardashvili develops in some of his main works.The first part of the article contains an exposition of the problem field of “event” in the context of history and ontology of cognition, as well as reconstruction of the genesis of this theme in Mamardashvili’s philosophy. Mamardashvili describes the classical type of rationality and its “blind spots” – that is, historicity and “evental” character of phenomena of cognition, which cannot be seen in the objectifying gaze of the classical observer. An attempt is made to analyze Mamardashvili’s concept of conscience in the context of his phenomenology of event. The term “epiphany” is interpreted as a key characteristic of events of cognition.The second part of the article deals with the uniqueness of Merab Mamardashvili’s oral philosophical speech, that is interpreted as one of the strategies of indirect communication. Indirect communication is distinguished from direct communication of knowledge, the central model of classical pedagogics. The article studies several different approaches to interpretation of Merab Mamardashvili’s teaching strategy and proposes the approach that is based on the concept of indirect communication of event of cognition.
A New Model of Russian Doctoral Education: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Bednyi B. I. , Sapunov M. B. 
Published: March 2019

On November 16, 2018, as a part of its Advanced Training Program, the National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (UNN) hosted a round table organized by the UNN Institute of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies jointly with the editorial board of the journal “Higher Education in Russia”. The topic of the round table discussion was “A New Model of Russian Doctoral Education: Problems and Prospects for Development”. The Program is being implemented in accordance with the UNN’s “Roadmap” for 2018 within the framework of the Russian Academic Excellence Project (the “5-100” Project). The event was attended by 48 administrative, managerial and academic staff members from 24 cities, representing 37 universities and research organizations of the Russian Federation (including NUST MISIS, National Research University Higher School of Economics, UNN, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Samara National Research University, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Belgorod National Research University, Ogarev Mordovia State University, Tyumen National Research University, etc.).Moderators of the round table: Director of the UNN Institute of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies Prof. B.I. Bednyi and the Сhief Editor of the journal «Higher Education in Russia» Prof. M.B. Sapunov.
Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Comorbid PTSD and TBI in Combat Veterans
Authors: Clees Jennifer 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper was to summarize what is currently known about diagnosing and treating comorbid PTSD and TBI in combat veterans, beginning with a focus on differential diagnosis of the two disorders in order to elucidate any obfuscation by overlaps in symptomology, and concluding with possible treatment plans, as informed by the diagnostic process. Differential diagnosis was evaluated via self-reported and clinician-administered questionnaires, oculomotor testing, and neuroimaging, while the discussion of treatment options acknowledged the necessity of adjustments to traditional treatment paradigms when a comorbid diagnosis is involved. Self-reporting diagnostic tools are quick and easy to screen for PTSD and TBI, but these methods may over-report PTSD, and under-report TBI. Clinician-administered questionnaires are longer and require a trained professional, but accuracy is gained. The oculomotor testing and SPECT scanning hold promise if the experiments can be repeated with larger sample sizes by additional researchers, but they do appease a more impartial evidence-based approach. Psychotherapy is generally the number one recommended treatment for PTSD and TBI, due to its efficacy compared to pharmaceuticals, and further studies elucidating the efficacy of varieties of psychotherapy treatment may benefit individuals with this comorbid diagnosis.
Northern and Southern Moche: The Stylistic Distinctions of Face-Neck Vessels Across Regions
Authors: Trono Shannon Marie 
Published: March 2019

This essay is an investigation of stylistic differences in the ceramic production of “face-neck” vessels from the Middle Moche Period (400-600 CE) of the Northern and Southern Moche regions. These face-neck vessels are also referred to as effigy vessels or cántaros cara gollete in Andean ceramic classifications. Face-neck vessels take the shape of human bodies where the torso and limbs have been condensed into a large globular mass; on the neck (the spout of the vessel) appears a human face in relief. In this paper, I focus on fineware face-necks rather than utilitarian wares since the majority of the vessels in this discussion originate from monumental funerary complexes for the elite. Face-neck vessels were commonly used to holds liquids like corn beer, which was consumed in ceremonial practices. By comparing vessels produced contemporaneously by Northern and Southern Moche polities, I have developed a set of distinctions in form, surface decoration, and finishing techniques that appear to distinguish each group. Using these distinctions, I argue that two face-neck vessels from the Harn Museum of Art, which have an unknown provenience, originate from the Southern Moche region between stages III and IV in the Moche ceramic sequence. In the process, I discuss burial practices, the concept of dualism in Moche culture, and the significance of mold technology (with implications for Moche funerary practice). While my research relies heavily on external observation of effigy vessels, I integrate my knowledge and experience as a ceramicist to provide insight on production processes.
Effect of Prenatal Lactation Education on Lactation Success in Mothers at Risk of Preterm Delivery
Authors: Richburg Morgan Leigh 
Published: March 2019

Background:Mothers of preterm infants often produce insufficient amounts of breast milk (BM). Early initiation of BM expression following delivery is associated with increased lactation success, but lack of nursing time delays BM expression in this population.Purpose:To determine if providing antenatal breast expression education to the support person (SP) of mothers at risk of preterm delivery improves lactation success.Methods: Twenty women at risk for delivering a preterm infant and their SP were randomized into two groups. Mothers and their SP in Group 1 received education regarding how to use a breast pump and a breast pump was placed into their hospital room. Group 2 received standard care. Data regarding BM volume produced, time to initiation of BM expression and time to onset of lactogenesis stage II was collected.Results: While there was no difference in time to onset of lactogenesis stage II, mothers in Group 1 initiated BM expression 2.5 hours earlier than those in Group 2. Overall, BM production was higher in Group 1.Limitations: This study had a relatively small sample size (n=19). Only mothers delivering 31-33 weeks gestation were included. This is a single-center study, which may limit generalizability.Conclusion: Prenatal lactation education of mothers of preterm infants and their SP is feasible and may increase lactation success.
Emerging Diagnosis Improvements and Treatments of Mild to Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Richardson Kenneth Daniel 
Published: March 2019

This review paper evaluates the current clinical and research practices for diagonising and treating TBI and mTBI. It provides an overview of the new emerging treatments for mTBI and TBI that are in varying stages of research. The paper analyzes the shortcomings and practices of diagnosing mTBI and TBI and also evaluates new and potentially break-through mTBI and TBI treatments such as Iron Chelators, Cellular Therapy, Cannabinoid Receptor Treatment, Electroaccupuncture, and Transcanial Magnetic Stimulation. While the current method of diagnosis for severe TBI is sound, mTBIs remain largely undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. This paper identifies the limitations of current neuroimaging and diagnostic techniques for mTBI and TBI. There are many current treatments for the primary symptoms/damage of TBI and mTBI (severe swelling, trauma, neuroinflammation, edema, diffuse axonal damage, and loss of consciousness). However, there is little or no treatment for secondary injuries (personality shifts, free iron collection, cognitive deficits in short-term memory, abstract reasoning, and many unique deficits dependent on the site of injury). This review paper seeeks to evaluate emerging research and diagnostic methods and explores possible new directions for diagnosis and conceivable conjunction therapies to treat multiple aspects and deficits of mTBI and TBI.
A Holographic Quantum Code
Authors: Elliot Grant 
Published: March 2019

Abstract: It was shown by [2] how bulk operators in the AdS/CFT correspondence can be represented on the boundary analogously to the way logical qubits are represented in an encoded subspace in quantum error correction. Then in [1] holographic tensor networks that serve as toy models of the bulk boundary. This paper reviews some of the developments of [1] and [2]. Then it is demonstrated explicitly how to construct perfect tensors, which are essential to the tensor networks mentioned in [2]. Lastly a new example of a holographic quantum error-correcting code based on an eight index perfect tensor is presented.