bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network to explore the pathogenesis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiao Yuwu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany studies focusing on circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been published. However, a large number of circRNAs remain to be explored. This study was designed to discover new circRNAs and investigate their potential roles in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsA combination of gene chip analysis and bioinformatic methods was utilized to reveal new circRNAs and their possible mechanisms in PDAC. A circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network was established based on the results of differential analyses and interaction predictions. Promising drugs for treating PDAC were determined by connectivity map (CMap) analysis.ResultsExpression profile data were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and integration of differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) from two gene chips using the RobustRankAggreg method revealed 10 DECs. The microRNA (miRNA) response elements of these 10 DECs were predicted. The predicted miRNAs and differentially expressed miRNAs were intersected, and 12 overlapping miRNAs were acquired. Next, 2908 miRNA target mRNAs and 1187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PDAC were identified and combined, revealing 118 overlapping mRNAs. A protein‐protein interaction network was constructed with the 118 mRNAs, and four hub genes (CDH1, SERPINE1, IRS1 and FYN) were identified. Using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, survival analyses were conducted for the four hub genes, and SERPINE1 and FYN were found to be significantly associated with PDAC patient survival. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these four hub genes are closely associated with certain cancer‐related biological functions and pathways. In addition, CMap analysis based on the four hub genes was performed to screen potential therapeutic agents for PDAC, and three bioactive chemicals (celastrol, 5109870 and MG‐132) were discovered.ConclusionsThe results of this study further our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of PDAC from the perspective of the circRNA‐related competing endogenous RNA network.
Study of composition and structure of aluminum phosphate binder
Authors: Wei Huixian , Wang Tongjun , Zhang Qiang , Jiang Yanwei , Mo Chenghao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, theoretical analysis and different testing techniques were used to study the reaction pathways and synthesized products of phosphoric acid and aluminum hydroxide at different Al/P molar ratios. The results show that: (a) When the molar ratio of phosphoric acid/aluminum hydroxide is 1:3, the reaction will produce stoichiometric aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (Al(H2PO4)3); (b) when Al(OH)3 is excessive, an intermediate, monohydroxy aluminum dihydrogen phospate (HO‐Al‐(H2PO4)2), will appear, which is unstable and will continue to react according to two reaction pathways, one is intramolecular dehydration to form phosphoric acid hydrogen‐dihydrogen aluminum diphosphate (H2PO4)Al(HPO4); the other is intermolecular dehydration cross‐linking to form a polymeric macromolecular aluminum phosphate H‐((HPO4)(H2PO4)Al‐O‐HPO4‐Al(H2PO4)‐O)‐
nH. The ratio of the two pathways is affected by the excess of Al(OH)3. When the excess of Al(OH)3 continues to increase, the ratio of the second reaction path begins to increase and the viscosity of the product gradually increases. Adhesion experiments show that the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate has the best bonding performance benefiting from its lower viscosity.
Impact of different Streptococcus pneumoniae on the secretion of interleukin and adhesin from THP‐1 monocytes
Authors: Ren Ping , Zhang Jin , Yu Lianhua , Qu Ying , Jiang Xinyu , Zhou Yixia , Hu Dakang , Gao Chunyan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐8, and soluble intercellular adhesin molecule 1 (sICAM‐1) from THP‐1 monocytes stimulated by different Streptococcus pneumoniae (S pneumoniae) strains.MethodsFifty‐eight strains of S pneumoniae were collected: ATCC49619, 23 from sputum (sd‐SP), 23 from blood (bd‐SP), and 11 from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; cd‐SP). Such strains were cultured and suspended at 0.5 McFarland. THP‐1 monocytes were cultured and resuspended at 5.0 × 108/L, which were stimulated by S pneumoniae for 4, 8, and 12 hours, respectively. The suspensions were analyzed for IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐8, and sICAM‐1 using an ELISA method. The data were assayed with SPSS 19.0.ResultsContrary to IL‐10, the concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and sICAM‐1 all increased first and then decreased. IL‐1β and sICAM‐1 levels in the ATCC49619 group were both higher than all the clinical S pneumoniae groups (sd‐SP, bd‐SP, and cd‐SP), IL‐6 and IL‐8 versa, and IL‐10 equal. The difference among clinical S pneumoniae groups lay only in sICAM‐1. cd‐SP group showed lower sICAM‐1 concentrations than sd‐SP and bd‐SP groups at both 4 and 8 hours. However, they became equal at 12 hours.ConclusionsThe secretion summit is 8 hours for IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and sICAM‐1, bottom for IL‐10. Different clinical S pneumoniae strains show similar ability to induce THP‐1 cells secreting interleukins. However, cd‐SP induces THP‐1 cells secreting lower sICAM‐1 than sd‐SP and bd‐SP, which may in turn facilitate its invasion into CSF.
Chronic, Active Inflammation in Patients With Failed Total Knee Replacements Undergoing Revision Surgery
Authors: Paish Hannah L. , Baldock Thomas Edward , Gillespie Colin S. , del Carpio Pons Alicia , Mann Derek A. , Deehan David J. , Borthwick Lee A. , Kalson Nicholas S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTChronic pain and restricted knee motion is a significant problem following the total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The molecular pathogenesis of pain post‐TKA is not known and no targeted therapeutic intervention is available. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pro‐inflammatory mediators are elevated in revision knee patients, indicating an active, ongoing inflammatory process that may contribute to pain. Twelve key markers (pro‐inflammatory cytokines granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor [GM‐CSF], interleukin 5 [IL‐5], IL‐8 and IL‐10, chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL13, mediators of angiogenesis Flt‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cell migration vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1) were measured in knee tissue and synovial fluid (SF) from primary TKA (n = 29) and revision patients (n = 32). Indications for surgery were osteoarthritis (OA) for primary TKA, and component loosening (n = 11), stiffness (n = 11), laxity pattern (n = 8), or progression of OA in patella resurfacing (n = 3) for revision surgery. Pain levels (WOMAC score) were higher in revision than primary patients (p ≤ 0.05). Time from primary to revision ranged from 8 months to 30 years (median 10 years). All markers were elevated in revision TKA; there was no trend toward decreasing levels with greater time from primary surgery for any marker studied in SF. Similar results were seen in knee tissue. We found no differences comparing indications for revision surgery (p ≥ 0.05). The elevation of inflammatory mediators in painful post‐TKA knees requiring revision suggests active, chronic inflammation. Characterization of upregulated markers provides rationale for targeted therapy, even many years from the primary surgery. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2316–2324, 2019
Reducing Hospitalizations and Costs: A Home Health Nutrition‐Focused Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Riley Katie , Sulo Suela , Dabbous Firas , Partridge Jamie , Kozmic Sarah , Landow Wendy , VanDerBosch Gretchen , Falson Mary Kay , Sriram Krishnan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIdentification and treatment of malnutrition across the care continuum can help prevent illness onset or relapse and maximize the effectiveness of other medical treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nutrition‐focused quality improvement program (QIP) conducted in a home health agency (HHA) on hospitalization rates and healthcare costs incurred over 90 days.MethodsThis was a multisite, pre‐post QIP implemented at 2 branches of an Illinois‐based HHA. The QIP included 1546 patients who were (1) at‐risk or malnourished hospitalized patients discharged to the HHA, (2) referred by a physician during an outpatient visit, or (3) enrolled in the HHA through a skilled nursing facility. A historic (n = 7413 patients) and concurrent group (n = 5235) of patients were used for comparisons. Propensity score matching was used to account for imbalances in patient characteristics.ResultsThe QIP led to reduced relative risk of hospitalization post‐enrollment to the QIP by 24.3%, 22.8%, and 18.3% at 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively, when compared with the historic group, and by 18.2%, 16.2%, and 12.1% when compared with the concurrent group. Total cost savings from reduced 90‐day healthcare resource utilization was $2,318,894, or $1500 per patient treated.ConclusionsRates of hospitalization and healthcare resources can be significantly reduced through the implementation of a nutrition‐focused QIP delivering oral nutritional supplements in home health settings for adults at‐risk/malnourished. These results highlight the importance of nutrition as a strategy for HHAs and other post‐acute care institutions to improve patients' health outcomes and generate cost savings.
Reconstruction of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering signals generated by means of laser pulses with asymmetric amplitude and phase
Authors: Marrocco Michele 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTime and frequency asymmetries in ultrashort chirped laser fields might appear as a consequence of dispersive propagation, pulse shaping techniques, or generation of auxiliary light pulses needed in nonlinear optics. Here, we try to find an answer to the question of how to solve analytically coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) under asymmetric conditions of chirped femtosecond laser pulses. The approach breaks in two parts. One for the field amplitudes and the other for the phases. The former revolves around Gaussian dependences that, besides being rather common in ultrashort laser physics, can be arranged and mixed to reproduce spectrally asymmetric laser amplitudes. The latter is limited to field phases with cubic frequency dependence (i.e., second‐order chirp) whose asymmetry is simulated by adding a linear term to the quadratic phase. Both approximations for amplitudes and phases of the three laser pulses are mandatory to guarantee the solution to the complexity posed by the CARS problem. Comparisons with known experimental and numerical results support the validity of the model.
Application of low‐wavenumber Raman spectroscopy to the analysis of human teeth
Authors: Bērziņš Kārlis , Sutton Joshua J. , Loch Carolina , Beckett Deanna , Wheeler Benjamin J. , Drummond Bernadette K. , Fraser‐Miller Sara J. , Gordon Keith C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLow‐wavenumber Raman spectroscopy is demonstrated for its potential to analyse mineralization abnormalities in human teeth. Four different dental samples were analysed in this study, denoted as healthy control, mild hypomineralization, enamel caries, and AI (severely degraded due to Amelogenesis imperfecta). All specimens were imaged using principal component analysis. The spectra from low‐ wavenumber and midwavenumber regions were simultaneously collected allowing for direct comparison between the two regions. This approach provided a method to characterize structural and chemical variation within samples. Structurally different hydroxyapatite was found to be present in the surface and bulk of the enamel. The thin outer layer of the enamel contained the most structurally ordered mineral. The obtained Raman images enabled characterization and comparison of lesion domains as well as relative hydroxyapatite abundances across all dental samples.
A joint experimental and theoretical Raman study on the interactions of pyridine adsorbed on chemically pure Ag18 clusters
Authors: An Pan , Wu Haiming , Pembere Anthony M.S. , Luo Zhixun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe interaction of pyridine–Ag has been a hot topic since the finding of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering; however, there is still challenge to accurately evaluate the interactions within nano‐systems. Here we have synthesized chemically pure Ag18 nanoclusters by a facile method based on laser ablation in liquid and conducted a joint experimental and theoretical Raman spectroscopic study for pyridine adsorbed on the specific‐sized Ag clusters. As a result, altered Raman feature for the pyridine‐Ag18 system in contrast to pure pyridine is observed shedding light on the charge‐transfer interactions between pyridine and Ag. Utilizing natural population analysis, we studied the charge distribution before and after pyridine adsorbed on the Ag18 cluster. Also, we calculated static polarizability components and isotropic polarizability of pyridine and the pyridine‐Ag18 complex and studied the donor‐acceptor orbital overlaps via natural bond orbital analysis, charge decomposition analysis, electron density difference analysis, and density of state analysis. Such a comprehensive and semiquantitative study provides firm evidence for the chemical mechanism in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering theory.
Controlling Release Kinetics of Payloads from Polymer Conjugates by Hydrophobicity
Authors: Seidi Farzad , Couffon Antoine , Prawatborisut Mongkhol , Crespy Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolymers conjugated with active molecules are useful for controlled delivery of corrosion inhibitors, phytosanitary products, and drugs. To avoid detrimental side effects, active molecules need to be selectively released upon specific external stimuli. Imine groups are highly acid‐labile linkages that are usually hydrolyzed in a few hours even in neutral medium, which can be detrimental when slow release of payloads is needed. Herein, release kinetics are adjusted by controlling hydrophobicity of pH‐responsive polymers. 5‐(Aminomethyl)‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (AM8HQ), an effective corrosion inhibitor, is conjugated via imine linkage to aldehyde pendant groups in three different copolymers. Release kinetics of AM8HQ from polymer nanoparticles are investigated in acidic and neutral media. Very fast release from polymethacrylate‐based and slow release from polystyrene‐based polymer conjugates clearly show that adjusting the hydrophobicity of the polymer backbone is an effective synthetic strategy to control the cleavage rate of highly labile imine bonds.
T1ρ‐based dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGEρ) MRI at 3 T: method development and early clinical experience in the human brain
Authors: Herz Kai , Lindig Tobias , Deshmane Anagha , Schittenhelm Jens , Skardelly Marco , Bender Benjamin , Ernemann Ulrike , Scheffler Klaus , Zaiss Moritz 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe aim of this study was to translate the T1ρ‐based dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGEρ) experiment from ultrahigh magnetic field strengths to a clinical field strength of 3 T. Although the protocol would seem to be as simple as gadolinium‐enhanced imaging, several obstacles had to be addressed, including signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), robustness of contrast, and postprocessing, especially motion correction.MethodsSpin‐lock based presaturation and a 3D gradient‐echo snapshot readout were optimized for 3 T with regard to robustness, chemical exchange saturation transfer effect strength, and SNR. Postprocessing steps, including dynamic B0 and motion correction, were analyzed and optimized in 7 healthy volunteers. The final protocol, including glucose injection, was applied to 3 glioblastoma patients.ResultsWith appropriate postprocessing, motion‐related artifacts could be drastically reduced, and an SNR of approximately 90 could be achieved for a single dynamic measurement. In 2 patients with blood–brain barrier breakdown, a significant glucose uptake could be observed with a DGEρ effect strength in the range of 0.4% of the water signal. Thorough analysis of possible residual motion revealed that the statistical evidence can decrease when tested against pseudo effects attributed to uncorrected motion.ConclusionDGEρ imaging was optimized for clinical field strengths of 3 T, and a robust protocol was established for broader application. Early experience shows that DGEρ seems possible at 3 T and could not only be attributed to motion artifacts. Observed DGEρ maps showed unique patterns, partly matching with the T1‐ce tumor ring enhancement. However, effect sizes are small and careful clinical application is necessary.
The MR Cap: A single‐sided MRI system designed for potential point‐of‐care limited field‐of‐view brain imaging
Authors: McDaniel Patrick C. , Cooley Clarissa Zimmerman , Stockmann Jason P. , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe size, cost, and siting requirements of conventional MRI systems limit their availability and preclude usage as monitoring or point‐of‐care devices. To address this, we developed a lightweight MRI for point‐of‐care brain imaging over a reduced field of view (FOV).MethodsThe B0 magnet was designed with a genetic algorithm optimizing homogeneity over a 3 × 8 × 8 cm FOV and a built‐in gradient for slice selection or readout encoding. An external pair of gradient coils enables phase encoding in the other two directions and a radiofrequency (RF) coil provides excitation and detection. The system was demonstrated with high‐resolution 1D “depth profiling” and 3D phantom imaging.ResultsThe lightweight B0 magnet achieved a 64‐mT average field over the imaging region at a materials cost of <$450 USD. The weight of the magnet, gradient, and RF coil was 8.3 kg. Depth profiles were obtained at high resolution (0.89 mm) and multislice rapid acquisition with refocused echoes (RARE) images were obtained with a resolution ~2 mm in‐plane and ~6‐mm slice thickness, each in an imaging time of 11 min.ConclusionThe system demonstrates the feasibility of a lightweight brain MRI system capable of 1D to 3D imaging within a reduced FOV. The proposed system is low‐cost and small enough to be used in point‐of‐care applications.
A Proposed Standard of Obesity Care for All Providers and Payers
Authors: Dietz William H. , Gallagher Christine 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this work is to develop a practical, tangible, measurable, and simple standard of care for the treatment of adult obesity that provides guidance for both clinical providers and community settings.MethodsThree roundtables with relevant stakeholder groups were convened by the STOP Obesity Alliance at The George Washington University to develop the proposed standard of care.ResultsThe proposed standard of care for adult obesity treatment proposes practices for the spectrum of clinical, community, and digitally based entities and for clinical providers. Coverage and payment policy standards are also provided.ConclusionsThese standards are intended to augment published guidelines developed for obesity care providers and can also be viewed as the first step to define an optimal benefit package.
Investigation on the UV spectra of the supermolecular system involving silver nanoparticles–substituted N‐(phenyl‐ethylene)‐anilines
Authors: Cao Chao‐Tun , Liu Junlan , Cao Chenzhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of the supermolecular system involving silver nanoparticles–substituted N‐(phenyl‐ethylene)‐anilines were investigated. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and 77 kinds of substituted N‐(phenyl‐ethylene)‐anilines ZArC (Me)═NArY (ZPEAY, including 40 compounds 2‐H‐XPEAY without ortho‐hydroxyl and 37 compounds 2‐OH‐XPEAY with ortho‐hydroxyl) were prepared. The size of AgNPs was measured with transmission electron microscopy. To study the effect of substituents X and Y on the UV spectra of the supermolecular system of AgNPs‐ZPEAY, the authors measured the UV absorption spectra of AgNPs, ZPEAY, and AgNPs‐ZPEAY solutions. The experimental results show that (a) the size of AgNPs increases in AgNPs‐ZPEAY solution compared with that in AgNPs solution, due to the absorption of ZPEAY molecules on the surface of AgNPs; (b) the UV absorption wavelength of ZPEAY changes in AgNPs‐ZPEAY solution and there is a limitation for the wavelength shift (λWSL) between ZPEAY and AgNPs‐ZPEAY system; (c) there is a quantitative correlation between the wavenumber ΔνWSL of λWSL and the substituent constants (Hammett constant σ and excited‐state substituent constant
) of substituents X and Y; (d) the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 2‐OH‐XPEAY makes the ΔνWSL a red shift in AgNPs‐ZPEAY system.
Between a ROC and a hard place: Teaching prevalence plots to understand real world biomarker performance in the clinic
Authors: Lendrem B. Clare , Lendrem Dennis W. , Pratt Arthur G. , Naamane Najib , McMeekin Peter , Ng Wan‐Fai , Allen A. Joy , Power Michael , Isaacs John Dudley 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the ROC curve are widely used in discovery to compare the performance of diagnostic and prognostic assays. The ROC curve has the advantage that it is independent of disease prevalence. However, in this note, we remind scientists and clinicians that the performance of an assay upon translation to the clinic is critically dependent upon that very same prevalence. Without an understanding of prevalence in the test population, even robust bioassays with excellent ROC characteristics may perform poorly in the clinic. While the exact prevalence in the target population is not always known, simple plots of candidate assay performance as a function of prevalence rate give a better understanding of the likely real‐world performance and a greater understanding of the likely impact of variation in that prevalence on translation to the clinic.
Bentonite ‐ Clay ‐ Supported Cuprous Iodide Nanoparticles (BENT‐ CuI NPs): A New Heterogeneous Catalyst in Diversity ‐ Oriented Synthesis of 1, 2, 3‐ Triazoles in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Chavan Pramod V. , Charate Shrinivas P. , Desai Uday V. , Rode Chandrashekhar V. , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBentonite clay supported cuprous iodide nanoparticles (BENT‐CuI NPs) were prepared and demonstrated for the first time as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in diversity oriented, green synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles by one‐pot, three component reaction between alkyl halides, arylboronic acids, or epoxides with alkynes and sodium azide in aqueous medium. The catalyst was characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy(EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X‐Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) as well as Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) techniques and was found to be reusable for five consecutive runs without significant loss of activity.