bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are skin senescence and immunosenescence linked within individuals?
Authors: Waaijer Mariëtte E. C. , Goldeck David , Gunn David A. , van Heemst Diana , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Pawelec Graham , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith advancing age, many organs exhibit functional deterioration. The age‐associated accumulation of senescent cells is believed to represent one factor contributing to this phenomenon. While senescent cells are found in several different organ systems, it is not known whether they arise independently in each organ system or whether their prevalence within an individual reflects that individual's intrinsic aging process. To address this question, we studied senescence in two different organ systems in humans, namely skin and T cells in 80 middle‐aged and older individuals from the Leiden Longevity Study. Epidermal p16INK4a positivity was associated with neither CD4+ nor CD8+ T‐cell immunosenescence phenotype composites (i.e., end‐stage differentiated/senescent T cells, including CD45RA+CCR7‐CD28‐CD27‐CD57+KLRG1+ T cells). Dermal p16INK4a positivity was significantly associated with the CD4+, but not with the CD8+ immunosenescence composite. We therefore conclude that there is limited evidence for a link between skin senescence and immunosenescence within individuals.
A history of ethanol drinking increases locomotor stimulation and blunts enhancement of dendritic dopamine transmission by methamphetamine
Authors: Tschumi Christopher W. , Daszkowski Anna W. , Sharpe Amanda L. , Trzeciak Marta , Beckstead Michael J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEthanol and psychostimulant use disorders exhibit comorbidity in humans and cross‐sensitization in animal models, but the neurobiological underpinnings of this are not well understood. Ethanol acutely increases dopamine neuron excitability, and psychostimulants such as cocaine or methamphetamine increase extracellular dopamine through inhibition of uptake through the dopamine transporter (DAT) and/or vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). Psychostimulants also depress dopamine neuron activity by enhancing dendritic dopamine neurotransmission. Here, we show that mice with a previous history of ethanol drinking are more sensitive to the locomotor‐stimulating effects of a high dose (5 mg/kg), but not lower doses (1 and 3 mg/kg) of methamphetamine or any tested dose of cocaine (3, 10, and 18 mg/kg), compared with water‐drinking controls. We next investigated the impact of a history of ethanol drinking, in a separate group of mice, on methamphetamine‐ or cocaine‐induced enhancement of dendritic dopamine transmission using whole‐cell voltage clamp electrophysiology in mouse brain slices. Methamphetamine, applied at a concentration (10 μM) that affects both DAT and VMAT2, enhanced D2 receptor‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (D2‐IPSCs) in both groups, but this effect was blunted in mice with a history of ethanol drinking. As methamphetamine action at VMAT2 disrupts dopamine neurotransmission, these results may suggest enhanced action of methamphetamine at VMAT2. Furthermore, there were no differences in low‐dose methamphetamine or cocaine‐induced enhancement of D2‐IPSCs, suggesting intact DAT function. Disruption of methamphetamine‐induced enhancement of dendritic dopamine transmission would result in decreased inhibition of dopamine neurons, ultimately increasing downstream release and the behavioral effects of methamphetamine.
Predicting Transport‐Related Walking in Chinese Employees by Integrating Worksite Neighbourhood Walkability and Social Cognition
Authors: Zhang Ru , Zhang Chun‐Qing , Gan Yiqun , Li Danyang , Rhodes Ryan E. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAs an accessible and inexpensive activity in daily life for employees, transport‐related walking is a promising focus of physical activity initiatives. The purpose of this study was to integrate worksite neighbourhood walkability with the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict transport‐related walking in Chinese employees using a longitudinal design.MethodsA sample of 157 employees (Mage = 33.26 years; SD = 7.18) reported their social cognition and worksite neighbourhood environment perceptions at the baseline. Self‐reported transport‐related walking was measured at two time points, 1 month apart.ResultsPath analyses revealed that intention had a direct effect on walking, while attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control had indirect effects on walking via intention. Past behaviour had a significant effect on walking, attenuating the intention–behaviour effect substantially. However, there was no indirect effect from perceived worksite neighbourhood walkability on walking through the TPB constructs. Furthermore, perceived neighbourhood walkability did not moderate the intention–walking relationship.ConclusionsPerceived worksite neighbourhood walkability had limited effects on transport‐related walking, which seems to be a motivated and habitual behaviour. Habit‐based interventions may be a priority over social cognitive and environmental change interventions, and future experimental studies are needed.
Re‐vitalizing money demand in the Euro area. Still valid at the zero‐lower bound
Authors: Dreger Christian , Gerdesmeier Dieter , Roffia Barbara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe analysis of monetary developments has always been a cornerstone of the ECB's monetary analysis and, thus, of its overall monetary policy strategy. In this respect, money demand models provide a framework for explaining monetary developments and assessing price stability over the medium term. It is a well‐documented fact in the literature that, when interest rates are at the zero‐lower bound, the analysis of money stocks become even more important for monetary policy. Therefore, this paper re‐investigates the stability properties of M3 demand in the euro area in the light of the recent economic crisis. A cointegration analysis is performed over the sample period 1983 Q1 and 2015 Q1 and leads to a well‐identified model comprising real money balances, income, the long‐term interest rate and the own rate of M3 holdings. The specification appears to be robust against the Lucas critique of a policy dependent parameter regime, in the sense that no signs of breaks can be found when interest rates reach the zero‐lower bound. Furthermore, deviations of M3 from its equilibrium level do not point to substantial inflation pressure at the end of the sample. Excess liquidity models turn out to outperform the autoregressive benchmark, as they deliver more accurate CPI inflation forecasts, especially at the longer horizons. The inclusion of unconventional monetary policy measures does not contradict these findings.
The Effects of Inattentive Responding on Construct Validity Evidence When Measuring Social–Emotional Learning Competencies
Authors: Steedle Jeffrey T. , Hong Maxwell , Cheng Ying 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSelf‐report inventories are commonly administered to measure social‐emotional learning competencies related to college and career readiness. Inattentive responding can negatively impact the validity of interpreting individual results and the accuracy of construct validity evidence. This study applied nine methods of detecting insufficient effort responding (IER) to a social‐emotional learning assessment. Individual methods identified between 0.9% and 20.3% of respondents as potentially exhibiting IER. Removing flagged respondents from the data resulted in negligible or small improvements in criterion‐related validity, coefficient alpha, concurrent validity, and confirmatory factor analysis model‐data fit. Implications for future validity studies and the operational use of IER detection for social–emotional learning assessments are discussed.
Why do sub‐Saharan Africans present late for HIV care in Switzerland?
Authors: Hachfeld A , Darling K , Calmy A , Ledergerber B , Weber R , Battegay M , Wissel K , Di Benedetto C , Fux CA , Tarr PE , Kouyos R , Ruggia LS , Furrer HJ , Wandeler G ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesLate presentation (LP) to HIV care disproportionally affects individuals from sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We explored the reasons for late presentation to care among this group of patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.MethodsThe prevalence of LP was compared between patients from Western Europe (WE) and those from SSA enrolled between 2009 and 2012. Patients were asked about HIV testing, including access to testing and reasons for deferring it, during face‐to‐face interviews.ResultsThe proportion of LP was 45.8% (435/950) among patients from WE, and 64.6% (126/195) among those from SSA (P < 0.001). Women from WE were slightly more likely to present late than men (52.6% versus 44.5%, respectively; P = 0.06), whereas there was no sex difference in patients from SSA (65.6% versus 63.2%, respectively; P = 0.73). Compared with late presenters from WE, those from SSA were more likely to be diagnosed during pregnancy (9.1% versus 0%, respectively; P < 0.001), but less likely to be tested by general practitioners (25.0% versus 44.6%, respectively; P = 0.001). Late presenters from SSA more frequently reported ‘not knowing about anonymous testing possibilities’ (46.4% versus 27.3%, respectively; P = 0.04) and ‘fear about negative reaction in relatives’ (39.3% versus 21.7%, respectively; P = 0.05) as reasons for late testing. Fear of being expelled from Switzerland was reported by 26.1% of late presenters from SSA.ConclusionsThe majority of patients from SSA were late presenters, independent of sex or education level. Difficulties in accessing testing facilities, lack of knowledge about HIV testing and fear‐related issues are important drivers for LP in this population.
Diagnosis and management of pregnancies complicated by haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome in the tertiary setting
Authors: Jayawardena Lulusha , Mcnamara Elly 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundHaemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome occurs in one to six per 1000 pregnancies; maternal death has been reported in 1–24% of cases. Vague presentation is common; hypertension and proteinuria which characterise pre eclampsia are often absent when HELLP syndrome presents. Physicians are often called on to review gravid patients with unexplained symptoms or abnormal laboratory results, and it is vital that these clinicians are aware of the myriad of ways in which HELLP syndrome may present and evolve.AimTo describe the natural history of HELLP syndrome by providing contemporary data from our 8‐year experience at The Royal Women’s Hospital in Melbourne.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the clinical and biochemical changes presentation, natural history and outcomes for 43 women whose delivery was complicated by HELLP syndrome according to Sibai criteria.ResultsThere were two stillbirths and no neonatal or maternal deaths. Most (79%) women delivered by caesarean section. Fourteen per cent were asymptomatic at diagnosis; epigastric pain was the most common presenting symptom. Hypertension was absent at presentation for more than one‐third of patients. Laboratory tests showed improvement after delivery, with platelet count showing most rapid recovery postpartum.ConclusionMisdiagnosis and delayed recognition of HELLP syndrome are common due to vague and varying presentation. When HELLP syndrome is identified delivery is required to avoid catastrophic maternal and neonatal outcomes. We hope to provide guidance for general and obstetric physicians by providing contemporary evidence of the presentation and clinical course of pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome.
Should Contact Recreation Water Quality Standards be Consistent across Hydrological Extremes?
Authors: Gregory Lucas F. , Gitter Anna , Muela Stephen , Wagner Kevin L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWater quality standards are developed to protect and define when waterbodies support their designated uses including public water supply, recreational use, aquatic life use, and others. Recreational use categories include various activities that typically do not occur under similar hydrologic conditions making protection of all uses challenging. This paper presents a case study where Escherichia coli concentrations were grouped by flow rate to demonstrate potential effects of developing use‐specific water quality standards for contact recreation. Adopting this approach requires a shift from current water quality policy which applies to all hydrologic conditions; however, it also requires additional data collection on actual usage types and occurrence before it can be implemented. This paper demonstrates that implementing an alternative water quality standards approach can still reasonably protect human health while minimizing taxpayer cost to restore impaired waterbodies.
Groundwater Seeps: Portholes to Evaluate Groundwater’s Influence on Stream Water Quality
Authors: O’Driscoll Michael , DeWalle David , Humphrey Charles , Iverson Guy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent legal cases have suggested that contaminated seeps and/or springs that have measurable impacts on adjacent surface water quality may fall under the jurisdiction of the Clean Water Act (CWA). An improved understanding of the effects of groundwater seeps on surface water quality is needed to support the evolving legal and regulatory environment. Surface seeps or seepage zones are locations where upwelling groundwater saturates the surface. Seeps can provide groundwater that may be transported to nearby surface waters along surface and shallow subsurface flowpaths. From a water quality perspective, seeps can provide portholes to observe groundwater quality. Here we consider examples of seeps as contaminant sources or sinks across a range of watershed disturbance and synthesize the seep water quality literature to help answer the questions: Why do seeps act as contaminant sinks in some cases and contaminant sources in others? What areas of seep water quality research can help apprise the legal and policy discussion on the role of the CWA to address groundwater contamination that is conveyed to streams? Overall, the case studies and literature review indicated that seep water quality data can provide valuable insights into the effects of stream‐groundwater interactions on stream water quality. Future work on seep‐surface water interactions is needed to characterize seep water quality behavior across a range of hydrogeological, meteorological, and land‐use conditions to better understand the locations where seeps are more likely to convey contaminants to streams and affect stream water quality.
Cultural Narratives on Constraints to Community Engagement in Urban Water Restoration
Authors: Pradhananga Amit , Davenport Mae , Green Emily 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNatural resource professionals increasingly recognize that water protection and restoration efforts require not only technical solutions, but also the active engagement of stakeholders who live and work in the local community. People of color, and those of lower income brackets, are frequently underrepresented in water‐related programming or decision‐making, although they are often disproportionately affected by water problems. Effective engagement of diverse community members in water programs and projects requires understanding and addressing constraints to action. We conducted 25 interviews with community members who live or work in a highly urbanized Minnesota watershed to explore perceived obstacles to community engagement in local water resource protection and restoration. Based on self‐reported race, ethnicity, and general community engagement level, interviewees were assigned to one of three “stakeholder groups” for comparative analysis: formal decision‐makers, active white community members, and active community members of color. Qualitative analysis of responses revealed perceived constraints to engagement common to all three groups: inaccessibility and invisibility of water, lack of local leadership in water issues, and limited community dialogue about water problems and solutions. Additional constraints were perceived uniquely by community members of color: cultural constraints around water uses, recreation, action, and inequities or disenfranchisement in community decision‐making processes and water programming. Study findings suggest partnership building is needed for collaboration in designing civic engagement programs and improving water protection and restoration projects.
Antioxidant activities of sunflower protein hydrolysates treated with dual‐frequency ultrasonic: Optimization study
Authors: Dabbour Mokhtar , He Ronghai , Mintah Benjamin , Ma Haile 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, ultrasound pretreatments of sunflower‐meal protein (SMP) to yield high antioxidant capacity from its hydrolysates by response surface methodology were optimized. Optimization of experimental conditions was achieved to examine the impact of temperature, solvent‐solid ratio and sonication time on antioxidant capacities of SMP hydrolysates with Box–Behnken's design. Quadratic models of DPPH‐scavenging activity (DPPHSA), hydroxyl‐radical scavenging activity (HRSA), and Cu2+ and Fe2+ chelating activity (Cu2+‐CA and Fe2+‐CA) were developed, and their coefficients observed from multiple‐regression analysis. ANOVA indicated that time was highly significant (p < .01) on all experimental responses. The best experimental point of DPPHSA, HRSA, Cu2+‐CA, and Fe2+‐CA was accessed at 42.50°C, 18.16 mL/g and 26.52 min and the predicted data for these responses were 52.09, 70.05, 50.85, and 43.35%, respectively. Outcome of verification experiment was reliable with predicted data for all responses. Additionally, DPPHSA, HRSA, Cu2+‐CA, and Fe2+‐CA of pretreated hydrolysate improved (p < .05) by 17.41, 20.00, 14.72, and 26.41%, respectively over nonsonicated hydrolysate. Amino acid content and hydrophobicity of SMP hydrolysate at the optimum sonication condition were analyzed. Analyses indicated that ultrasonication could facilitate the releasing/unfolding of hydrophobic amino acids from SMP over nonsonicated samples during enzymolysis with high antioxidative capacity.Practical applicationsSonication pretreatment has been presented to have notable impacts on the antioxidant's capacities of protein hydrolysates. Sunflower‐meal protein is an abundant and low‐cost residue of oil industries, and is considered a potential bioactive peptides source, such as antioxidants. In this research, sonication pretreatment has been illustrated to be an effectual technique for the production of hydrolysates with antioxidant capacity from SMP. So, optimization of ultrasonication conditions is vital to examine the antioxidant capacities in SMP hydrolysates, which could be applied in large‐scale food system and future pharmaceutical activity research.
Prevalence of factors associated with edentulousness (no natural teeth) in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kinnear D. , Allan L. , Morrison J. , Finlayson J. , Sherriff A. , Macpherson L. , Henderson A. , Ward L. , Muir M. , Cooper S. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPoor oral health is largely preventable. Prevention includes toothbrushing and regular dental checks. Oral health has important consequences for general nutrition, chewing, communication, wider systemic disease, self‐confidence and participation in society. This study investigated the prevalence of edentulousness (no natural teeth) in adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) compared with the general population and associated factors.MethodsAn adult cohort with IDs residing in Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland, underwent detailed health assessments between 2002 and 2004. Between 2004 and 2006, a subsample had an oral check. Data on edentulousness in the cohort were compared with adult participants from Greater Glasgow and Clyde in the 2008 Scottish Health Survey. Within the IDs cohort, binary logistic regression analyses investigated potential relationships between edentulousness and demographic and clinical factors.ResultsFive hundred sixty adults with IDs were examined [53.2% (298) male, mean age = 46.3 years, range 18–81 years] and compared with 2547 general population: edentulousness was 9% vs. 1% aged 25–34 years; 22% vs. 2% aged 35–44 years; 39% vs. 7% aged 45–54 years; 41% vs. 18% aged 55–64 years; and 76% vs. 34% aged 65–74 years. In both groups, edentulousness increased with age. After stratification for age, rates of edentulousness were consistently higher in the ID cohort. Odds ratios within age strata were not homogenous (Mantel–Haenszel test, P < 0.0001). Edentulousness was more likely in those with more severe IDs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.23 to 4.51]); those taking antipsychotics (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI [1.25 to 3.51]) and those living in the most deprived neighbourhoods (AOR = 2.69; 95% CI [1.11 to 6.50]). There was insufficient evidence for associations with sex, type of accommodation/support, antiepileptics, problem behaviours or autism.ConclusionsAdults with IDs have a high prevalence of edentulousness and need supported daily oral care to reduce the need for extractions. Despite previous reports on poor oral care and the move towards person‐centred care, carers and care‐giving organisations need greater support to implement daily oral care. Prescribers need awareness of the potentially contributory role of antipsychotics, which may relate to xerostomia.
Heritage Prospecting and the Past as Future(s) in Peru
Authors: Cox Hall Amy 
Published: May 2019

ResumenEn febrero de 2008 un paro de 48 horas estalló en la ciudad de Cuzco, Perú, sobre dos leyes que se habían aprobado desde la ciudad de Lima. Estas dos leyes dieron concesiones a organizaciones que prometieron a desarrollar el patrimonio de la nación. Los manifestantes entendieron que las leyes afectarían los restos arqueológicos. Este artículo examina el paro a través del concepto de “prospección de patrimonio” a demostrar que el patrimonio hoy es un recurso politizado y flexible que se forma constantemente, y que está siempre en desarrollo y expansión. En vez de entender el paro como una crítica del neoliberalismo, o política sobre entendimientos del espacio, o una afirmación de los derechos indígnenos, el paro es mejor entendido como una lucha por prospección a reclamar el patrimonio, uno de los recursos más importantes en el Perú. Esto sugiere que el valor del patrimonio es la posibilidad de su potencial, ni tradición o historia.
“The Mountain Ate His Heart”: Agricultural Labor and Animate Land in a Protestant Andean Community
Authors: Sheild Johansson Miranda 
Published: May 2019

ResumenLa conversión al bautismo en la comunidad de P'iya Qayma en mediados de los años 1980s puso fin al culto abierto de la tierra animada. Sin embargo, mientras que las prácticas religiosas previas pueden haber cambiado, la muerte misteriosa de un campesino expuso una creencia continua en, y compromiso con, los poderes de la tierra local. El artículo sostiene que esta comunidad rural protestante experimentó una continuidad cosmológica posterior a la conversión porque la tierra no estaba animada por la práctica religiosa, sino a través de actividades agrícolas cotidianas. Este análisis de las continuidades y rupturas de los procesos de conversión, contribuye a nuestra comprensión de la producción dinámica y vernácula de las relaciones humanas y no humanas en los Andes. [Andes, Protestantismo, Pueblos indígenas, Tierra, Trabajo agrícola]