bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ultra-endurance event leads to changes in circulating regulatory T-cells, CD4+ naïve and CD8+ effector memory T-cells in the 48 h post-race recovery period
Authors: Lithgow Hannah , Gibson Laura , Wilson Russell , Guthrie Neil , Ingram-Sills Lesley , Clifford Tom , Ross Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Exercise is known to acutely affect T-lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood, which is intensity- and duration-dependent. However, effects of longer duration endurance exercise (>5 h) on T-cells in the days following are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulating T-cell changes that occur in response to an ultra-endurance event, which may provide insight into the inflammatory response to ultra-endurance exercise.

Methods
Ten individuals (m = 7, f = 3) completing an Ironman 70.3 event volunteered for the study. Peripheral blood samples were taken 1–2 days pre-race (PRE-RACE), and 1 day (RACE + 1) and 2 days (RACE + 2) post-race, with circulating T-cells enumerated by flow cytometry (total CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, regulatory T-cells [CD4+CD25+CD127−; TREG], naïve [CD27+CD45RA+; NA], central memory [CD27+CD45RA−; CM], effector memory [CD27−CD45RA−; EM], and effector memory CD45RA+ [CD27−CD45RA+; EMRA]).

Results
There were no changes in total CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. TREG RACE + 1 was significantly higher compared to PRE-RACE, as were the proportion of CD4+ NA cells and CD8+ CM cells at RACE + 2; CD8+ EM cells fell at RACE + 2 (absolute counts and proportion).

Conclusion
In conclusion, the ultra-endurance event evoked T-cell changes over the 48 h recovery period, with an increase in T-cells that regulate the immune response, and a reduction in circulating EM T-cells, most likely trafficked to sites of tissue damage and inflammation.
Controlled dietary phosphate loading in healthy young men elevates plasma phosphate and FGF23 levels
Authors: Gerber Jennifer Scotti , Arroyo Eva Maria Pastor , Pastor Johanne , Correia Miguel , Rudloff Stefan , Moe Orson W. , Egli-Spichtig Daniela , Mohebbi Nilufar , Wagner Carsten A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Increased dietary inorganic phosphate (Pi) intake stimulates renal Pi excretion, in part, by parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) or dopamine. High dietary Pi may also stimulate sympathetic outflow. Rodent studies provided evidence for these regulatory loops, while controlled experiments in healthy humans examined periods of either a few hours or several weeks, and often varied dietary calcium intake. The effects of controlled, isolated changes in dietary Pi intake over shorter periods are unknown. We studied the effects of a low or high Pi diet on parameters of mineral metabolism in 10 healthy young men. Participants received a standardized diet (1000 mg phosphorus equivalent/day) supplemented with either a phosphate binder (low Pi diet) or phosphate capsules (750 mg phosphorus, high Pi diet) in a randomized cross-over trial for 5 days with a 7-day washout between diets. High Pi intake increased plasma Pi levels and 24-h excretion and decreased urinary calcium excretion. High Pi intake increased intact FGF23 (iFGF23) and suppressed plasma Klotho without affecting cFGF23, PTH, calcidiol, calcitriol, Fetuin-A, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, metanephrine, or aldosterone. Higher iFGF23 correlated with lower calcitriol and higher PTH. These data support a role for iFGF23 in increasing renal Pi excretion and reducing calcitriol in healthy young men during steady-state high dietary Pi intake. High dietary Pi intake elevated blood Pi levels in healthy young subjects with normal renal function and may therefore be a health risk, as higher serum Pi levels are associated with cardiovascular risk in the general population.
Is Helicobacter pylori infection a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children?
Authors: Barakat Sana , Abdel-Fadeel Mohamed , Sharaki Ola , Shafei Mohamed El , Elbanna Basant , Mahfouz Aml 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Helicobacter py
lori infection has been investigated as a potential risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Some studies suggest a possible link between the two conditions. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between H. pylori infection and NAFLD in pediatrics and its relation to NAFLD grades. A case–control study to identify predictors of NAFLD and a comparative cross-sectional approach to determine factors affecting NAFLD grades were adopted. One hundred NAFLD children (ultrasound-based) and a control group of 100 non-NAFLD children were recruited. Both groups were evaluated by detecting H. pylori stool antigen. Immunoglobulin G antibodies to Cag A (cytotoxin-associated gene A), Vac A (vacuolating cytotoxin A), Gro EL (chaperonin Gro EL), HCPC (Helicobacter cysteine-rich protein C), and Ure A (Urease subunit A) were assessed in the serum of those with positive stool antigen. H. pylori infection was significantly higher in NAFLD children compared to the control group (64% versus 25%, p-value < .001). (NAFLD children showed higher Cag A and Vac A positivity (34, 10%) versus (2%, 0%) in the control group, respectively, p-value < .001). The regression model showed that H. pylori positivity (OR (odds ratio) = 5.021, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.105–22.815), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (Homa IR) (OR = 18.840, 95% CI: 3.998–88.789), waist percentile (OR = 1.184, 95% CI: 1.044–1.344), and triglycerides (OR = 1.029, 95% CI: 1.012–1.047) were predictors for NAFLD. Cag A positivity (OR = 2.740, 95% CI: 1.013–7.411) was associated with higher NAFLD grade (grade 2 fatty liver).

Conclusions:
H. pylori infection could increase the risk of NAFLD in children. Triglycerides, waist circumference, and Homa IR are significant independent predictors of NAFLD.

What is Known:

• NAFLD has become one of the most common liver diseases among children because of the increased
prevalence of pediatric obesity.• Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance play a central role in NAFLD pathogenesis. • NAFLD could be explained by the multiple-hit hypothesis. The gut microbiota is an important factor in this hypothesis (gut liver axis).

What is New:

• Helicobacter pylori infection could increase the risk of NAFLD in children. • H. pylori Cytotoxin-associated gene A (Cag A) positivity is associated with higher NAFLD grade.
MGSAN: multimodal graph self-attention network for skeleton-based action recognition
Authors: Wang Junyi , Li Ziao , Liu Bangli , Cai Haibin , Saada Mohamad , Meng Qinggang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to the emergence of graph convolutional networks (GCNs), the skeleton-based action recognition has achieved remarkable results. However, the current models for skeleton-based action analysis treat skeleton sequences as a series of graphs, aggregating features of the entire sequence by alternately extracting spatial and temporal features, i.e., using a 2D (spatial features) plus 1D (temporal features) approach for feature extraction. This undoubtedly overlooks the complex spatiotemporal fusion relationships between joints during motion, making it challenging for models to capture the connections between different temporal frames and joints. In this paper, we propose a Multimodal Graph Self-Attention Network (MGSAN), which combines GCNs with self-attention to model the spatiotemporal relationships between skeleton sequences. Firstly, we design graph self-attention (GSA) blocks to capture the intrinsic topology and long-term temporal dependencies between joints. Secondly, we propose a multi-scale spatio-temporal convolutional network for channel-wise topology modeling (CW-TCN) to model short-term smooth temporal information of joint movements. Finally, we propose a multimodal fusion strategy to fuse joint, joint movement, and bone flow, providing the model with a richer set of multimodal features to make better predictions. The proposed MGSAN achieves state-of-the-art performance on three large-scale skeleton-based action recognition datasets, with accuracy of 93.1% on NTU RGB+D 60 cross-subject benchmark, 90.3% on NTU RGB+D 120 cross-subject benchmark, and 97.0% on the NW-UCLA dataset. Code is available at https://github.com/lizaowo/MGSAN.
Optimal direct oral anticoagulant for upper gastrointestinal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Ono Yoshitaka , Hatta Waku , Tarasawa Kunio , Ogata Yohei , Abe Hiroko , Sato Isao , Hatayama Yutaka , Saito Masahiro , Jin Xiaoyi , Uno Kaname , Koike Tomoyuki , Imatani Akira , Hamada Shin , Fujimori Kenji , Fushimi Kiyohide , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The patients taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are at high risk for developing ischemic stroke and delayed bleeding in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to identify the optimal DOAC based on both adverse events in upper gastrointestinal ESD.

Methods
A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan. We included patients on a DOAC undergoing upper gastrointestinal ESD between 2012 and 2021. The primary outcomes were ischemic stroke occurring after upper gastrointestinal ESD and delayed bleeding in gastroduodenal and esophageal ESD. Inverse probability weightings were applied to balance the four DOAC groups (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban), and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the outcomes.

Results
We analyzed 9729 patients on a DOAC undergoing upper gastrointestinal ESD. Ischemic stroke developed after upper gastrointestinal ESD in 1.4%, 0.7%, 0.6%, and 0.8% of patients taking dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, respectively, after weighting. Rivaroxaban and apixaban showed significantly lower risk of ischemic stroke compared with dabigatran (odds ratio, 0.15 and 0.12, respectively) in standard doses. The delayed bleeding developed after gastroduodenal ESD in 7.6%, 14.6%, 19.2%, and 17.3% of patients taking each DOAC, respectively, with the lowest risk in dabigatran, followed by rivaroxaban. A similar pattern was observed in delayed bleeding in esophageal ESD (3.2%, 5.4%, 7.5%, and 5.5% in each DOAC), but with no significant results.

Conclusions
Rivaroxaban might be an optimal DOAC for upper gastrointestinal ESD showing a lower risk for both ischemic stroke and delayed bleeding.
Management and prevention of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in the context of evolving antimicrobial resistance trends
Authors: Marshall Helen S. , Molina Jean-Michel , Berlaimont Valérie , Mulgirigama Aruni , Sohn Woo-Yun , Berçot Béatrice , Bobde Shravani 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the relationships between Neisseria meningitidis (NM) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) at genetic, population, and individual levels; to review historical trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR); to review the treatment and preventive landscapes and explore their potential impact on AMR.

Methods
A narrative literature search was conducted in PubMed, with searches restricted to 2003–2023 and additional articles included based on expertise.

Results
NM and NG are closely related bacterial pathogens causing invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and gonorrhea, respectively. NM can currently be treated with most antibiotics and generally has a wild-type susceptibility profile, whereas NG is increasingly resistant even in the first line of treatment. These pathogens share 80–90% genetic identity and can asymptomatically cohabit the pharynx. While AMR has historically been rare for NM, recent reports show this to be an emerging clinical concern. Extensively drug-resistant NG are reported globally, with data available from 73 countries, and can lead to treatment failure. Importantly, Neisseria commensals within the normal microbiota in the pharynx can act as a genetic reservoir of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Novel oral antibiotics are urgently needed to treat a growing threat from antibiotic-resistant NG, recognized as a major global concern to public health by the World Health Organization. Numerous vaccines are available to prevent IMD, but none are approved for gonorrhea. Research to identify suitable candidates is ongoing.

Conclusion
Holistic management of AMR in IMD and gonorrhea should couple judicious use of existing antibiotics, optimization of vaccination programs, and development of novel antibiotics and vaccines.

Graphical abstract
The impact of digitalization and virtualization on technology transfer in strategic collaborative partnerships
Authors: Sarala Riikka M. , Tarba Shlomo Y. , Zahoor Nadia , Khan Huda , Cooper Sir Cary L. , Arslan Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Digitalization and virtualization are integral parts of today’s competitive and dynamic business environments. Yet very little is known about the impact of digitalization and virtualization on technology transfer in strategic collaborative partnerships. Therefore, examining the impact of digitalization and virtualization on technology transfer in strategic collaborative partnerships holds much potential for contributing to the ongoing discussions in the technology transfer literature. This introductory article to the Special Issue reflects on the contributions of the Special Issue articles to the research on technology transfer and reveals three central themes through which the articles as a whole contribute to research in technology transfer: Theme 1 describes the role of digitalization in technology transfer outcomes, Theme 2 focuses on extending the understanding of knowledge transfer capabilities to include digital and virtual capabilities, and Theme 3 illustrates how technology transfer facilitators and intermediaries continue to play an important role in technology transfer in the digital world. We conclude the introductory article by proposing four promising avenues for future research on technology transfer in the digital age. These include Avenue 1: Understanding context specificity and temporality, Avenue 2: Focusing on capabilities and government policy, Avenue 3: Bridging distance, and Avenue 4: Protecting against threats.
Proof of the Paszkiewicz conjecture about a product of positive contractions
Authors: Ando Hiroshi , Miyamoto Yuki , Ozawa Narutaka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Paszkiewicz conjecture about a product of positive contractions asserts that given a decreasing sequence

$$T_1\ge T_2\ge \dots $$

T
1

≥

T
2

≥
⋯

of positive contractions on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, the product

$$S_n=T_n\dots T_1$$

S
n

=

T
n

⋯

T
1

converges strongly. Recently, the first named author verified the conjecture for certain classes of sequences. In this paper, we prove the Paszkiewicz conjecture in full generality. Moreover, we show that in some cases, a generalized version of the Paszkiewicz conjecture also holds.
A 17-Year Experience of a Large Dedicated Fellowship in Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy: A Blueprint for Modern Day Training Program
Authors: Bharadwaj Sushma , Lowsky Robert , Mikkilineni Lekha , Smith Melody , Weng Wen-Kai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe field of allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation-cellular therapy (BMT-CT) has evolved through incremental advances. Engineered donor grafts, gene editing and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells are all standard clinical practice. Consequently, the scientific knowledge and complexity of clinical skills needed for next generation of BMT-CT physicians have increased. We report a 17-year experience of arguably the largest 12-month BMT-CT clinical fellowship program in the USA. Seventy-three (73) trainees were accepted and 2 cohorts that reflected different time periods (2007–1016 and 2017–2024, inclusive) and different core training curriculum were compared. The cohorts were equivalent in terms of demographics; notably, most (70%) had graduated from international medical schools and trained in the US on a non-immigrant J1 visa. In 2015, we introduced a structured mentoring program to address the desire of trainees for experience with scholarly activities. There was a high rate of successful academic careers with a trend toward a higher likelihood of academic retention following structured mentoring (70% vs 89%). In this report, we included our detailed core curriculum and highlight potential future changes as a blueprint for modern day programs to ensure that graduate “transplant docs” can continue to contribute at the highest academic level.
The possible interaction between tryptophan and its metabolites with delirium in older patients with critical illnesses
Authors: Kollu Korhan , Kurku Huseyin , Unlu Ali , Ecer Busra , Guney Ibrahim , Kizilarslanoglu Muhammet Cemal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aim
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between delirium and tryptophan and its metabolites in critically ill older patients.

Methods
This prospective and observational study was conducted on patients who were > 60 years of age and hospitalized for at least 24 h at the internal medicine ICU in the tertiary health care unit (n = 120). All consecutively selected patients were evaluated for delirium at the baseline and follow-up period at the bedside by an intensive care specialist. At the end of the 24 h follow up, the patients were divided into two groups (with and without delirium). Clinical properties and tryptophan (TRP) and its metabolites [kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA)] were compared between groups.

Results
The median age of the patients was 79.5 (62–95) years and 53.3% were female. The median age and CCI score were significantly higher among patients with delirium than in those without delirium (P = 0.001 and 0.031, respectively). The level of TRP was significantly (borderline) decreased among patients with delirium (P = 0.056). The KYN/TRP and QA/TRP ratios were statistically and significantly higher in patients with delirium than those without (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively). The best predictive values for detecting delirium were calculated as ≤ 14,100 ng/mL for TRP (AUC: 0.601, P = 0.052), > 1.12 for KYN/TRP ratio (AUC: 0.704, P < 0.001), and > 0.75 for QA/TRP ratio (AUC: 0.627, P = 0.013). The QA/TRP ratio showed independent and borderline significant association with being delirium in multivariable regression analysis (Odds ratio: 2.007, P = 0.066).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that tryptophan and its metabolites obtained within the first 24 h of ICU admission might have predictive value for determining high-risk older patients for delirium.
Advancing the next generation of high-performance metal matrix composites through metal particle reinforcement
Authors: Alem Sayed Ali Ahmad , Sabzvand Mohammad Hossein , Govahi Parnian , Poormehrabi Pooria , Hasanzadeh Azar Mahdi , Salehi Siouki Sara , Rashidi Reza , Angizi Shayan , Bagherifard Sara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetal matrix composites (MMCs) offer asignificant boost to achieve a wide range of advanced mechanical properties and improved performance for a variety of demanding applications. The addition of metal particles as reinforcement in MMCs is an exciting alternative to conventional ceramic reinforcements, which suffer from numerous shortcomings. Over the last two decades, various categories of metal particles, i.e., intermetallics, bulk metallic glasses, high-entropy alloys, and shape memory alloys, have become popular as reinforcement choices for MMCs. These groups of metal particles offer a combination of outstanding physico-mechanical properties leading to unprecedented performances; moreover, they are significantly more compatible with the metal matrices compared to traditional ceramic reinforcements. In this review paper, the recent developments in MMCs are investigated. The importance of understanding the active mechanisms at the interface of the matrix and the reinforcement is highlighted. Moreover, the processing techniques required to manufacture high-performance MMCs are explored identifying the potential structural and functional applications. Finally, the potential advantages and current challenges associated with the use of each reinforcement category and the future developments are critically discussed. Based on the reported results, the use of metal particles as reinforcement in MMCs offers a promising avenue for the development of advanced materials with novel mechanical properties. Further progress requires more in-depth fundamental research to realize the active reinforcing mechanisms at the atomic level to precisely identify, understand, and tailor the properties of the integrated composite materials.
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels for skin wound healing and regeneration
Authors: Xin Hai , Maruf D S Abdullah Al , Akin-Ige Foluso , Amin Samiul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSkin wounds are not only an aesthetic concern but also pose great risks to quality of life and general health. As the most promising biomaterial, hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric networks and have attracted intense research attention. Hydrogels have developed a diverse range of biomedical and biopharmaceutical applications, owing to their large water content, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and stimuli-responsiveness. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are smart materials which exhibit gelation, structural, degradation, performance and function changes when treated with external stimulations. Using these hydrogels to prepare wound dressing is a rapidly growing research area and has exhibited encouraging healing outcomes in small animal models, especially for the treatment of chronic wounds, diabetic wounds, and persistent skin inflammations. The present work gives a detailed and critical analysis on the design strategies, gelation mechanisms, materials selection, stimuli-responsiveness, hydrogel degradation, drug release profiles, and treatment outcomes of wound dressings prepared by the hydrogels with sensitivity to temperature, pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glucose, enzymes, and lights. We summarize, analyze, and critically evaluate the most recent publications in this area to explain, compare, and assess why and how various synthetic and bio-polymers are utilized by materials scientists to develop the next generation of skin wound dressing and regeneration.
Graphical abstract
Reflecting on IPEF’s impact and charting the future: a perspective of US domestic politics
Authors: Chen Shaofeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), a key economic component of the Biden administration’s strategy for the Indo-Pacific, was launched to serve both economic and geopolitical purposes. At the heart of these objectives is the aim to undermine China’s growing influence in the Asia–Pacific region. If well implemented, it is expected to pose a series of challenges to China. The Biden administration’s strategic project, however, is very likely to fall short of its ambitious goals due to the constraints imposed by the US domestic politics, which significantly influences the content of the IPEF and the overall negotiation process. Both the Democratic and Republican parties have been embracing protectionism more than ever, which has greatly undercut the concessional space for any free trade move. In areas such as supply chain resilience, clean economy and fair economy, where the IPEF member states have come to consensus, the Biden administration has chosen to take a pro-workers approach notwithstanding the divergent interest pursuits by different interest groups within the US. This politically correct approach, however, is likely to face challenges in its implementation, as it largely conflicts with the interests of major corporations. Additionally, the Republican-controlled House of Representatives holds the purse strings, adding another layer of complexity to the situation. Meanwhile, the tussles and uncertainties surrounding the domestic politics of the US is very likely to discourage other member states.