bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in Coherence of Summer Rainfall Variability over the Western Pacific around the Early 2000s: ENSO Influence
Authors: He Zhuoqi , Wang Weiqiang , Wu Renguang , Kang In-Sik , He Chao , Li Xiuzhen , Xu Kang , Chen Sheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study is the second part of a two-part series investigating a recent decadal modulation of interannual variability over the western Pacific Ocean around the early 2000s. Observational evidence shows that the anomalous Philippine Sea cyclonic circulation retreats eastward, with the western Pacific rainfall anomaly distribution changing from a north–south tripole pattern to an east–west dipole pattern after 2003–04. These changes are attributed to a change in El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) properties and the associated Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern. Before the early 2000s, slow-decaying ENSO events induce large SST anomalies in the northern Indian Ocean during the following summer. The northern Indian Ocean SST anomalies act together with the opposite-sign SST anomalies in the tropical central Pacific, leading to a zonally extended anomalous lower-level cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation and an elongated rainfall anomaly band over the western Pacific. After the early 2000s, ENSO events have a shortened period and a weakened amplitude, and the eastern Pacific SST anomalies tend to undergo a phase transition from winter to summer. Consequently, the influence of ENSO on the Indian Ocean SST anomalies is weakened and the contribution of the northern Indian Ocean SST anomalies to the western Pacific summer rainfall variability becomes insignificant. In this case, the western North Pacific summer rainfall is mainly dominated by the well-developed tropical Pacific SST forcing following the early decay of ENSO events. The potential physical mechanism for the two types of ENSO influences is validated with regional decoupled Community Earth System Model experiments.
An Evaluation of the GOES-16 Rapid Scan for Nowcasting in Southeastern Brazil: Analysis of a Severe Hailstorm Case
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno Z. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Huamán Ch. Joao H. , Biscaro Thiago S. , Freitas Edmilson D. , Mozer Kathryn W. , Goodman Steven J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe GOES-16 mesoscale domain sector (MDS) scans with 1-min intervals are used in this study to analyze a severe thunderstorm case that occurred in southeastern Brazil. The main objective is to evaluate the GOES-16 MDS rapid scans against the operational full-disk scans with lower temporal resolution for nowcasting. Data from a C-band radar, observed sounding, and a ground-based lightning network are also used in the analysis. A group of thunderstorms formed in the afternoon of 29 November 2017 in an environment of moderate convective available potential energy (CAPE) and deep-layer shear. The storms presented supercell characteristics and intense lightning activity with peak rates in excess of 150 flashes per 5 min. The satellite-derived trends with 1-min interval were skillful in detecting thunderstorm intensification, mainly in the developing stage. The decrease in cloud-top 10.35-μm brightness temperature was accompanied by increases in ice mass flux, concentration of small ice particles at cloud top, and storm depth. In the mature stage, there is no evident trend in the satellite-derived parameters that could indicate storm intensification, but the cluster area expands suggesting cloud-top divergence. The 1-min rapid scans indicate greater lead time to severe weather relative to 10- and 15-min-resolution imagery, but also presented numerous false alarms (indication of severe weather but no occurrence) due to oscillations in the satellite-derived parameters. The parameters calculated every 5 min presented better skill than 10 and 15 min and fewer false alarms than 1 min.
Clinical subtypes that predict conversion to psychosis: A canonical correlation analysis study from the ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis program
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Tang XiaoChen , Li HuiJun , Woodberry Kristen A , Kline Emily R , Xu LiHua , Cui HuiRu , Tang YingYing , Wei YanYan , Li ChunBo , Hui Li , Niznikiewicz Margaret A , Shenton Martha E , Keshavan Matcheri S , Stone William S , Wang JiJun 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Since only 30% or fewer of individuals at clinical high risk convert to psychosis within 2 years, efforts are underway to refine risk identification strategies to increase their predictive power. The clinical high risk is a heterogeneous syndrome presenting with highly variable clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions. This study investigated whether subtypes defined by baseline clinical and cognitive features improve the prediction of psychosis. Method: Four hundred clinical high-risk subjects from the ongoing ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis program were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Canonical correlation analysis was applied to 289 clinical high-risk subjects with completed Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and cognitive battery tests at baseline, and at least 1-year follow-up. Canonical variates were generated by canonical correlation analysis and then used for hierarchical cluster analysis to produce subtypes. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed from the three subtypes to test their utility further in predicting psychosis. Results: Canonical correlation analysis determined two linear combinations: (1) negative symptom and functional deterioration-related cognitive features, and (2) Positive symptoms and emotional disorganization-related cognitive features. Cluster analysis revealed three subtypes defined by distinct and relatively homogeneous patterns along two dimensions, comprising 14.2% (subtype 1, n = 41), 37.4% (subtype 2, n = 108) and 48.4% (subtype 3, n = 140) of the sample, and each with distinctive features of clinical and cognitive performance. Those with subtype 1, which is characterized by extensive negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, appear to have the highest risk for psychosis. The conversion risk for subtypes 1–3 are 39.0%, 11.1% and 18.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Our results define important subtypes within clinical high-risk syndromes that highlight clinical symptoms and cognitive features that transcend current diagnostic boundaries. The three different subtypes reflect significant differences in clinical and cognitive characteristics as well as in the risk of conversion to psychosis.
Type 2 Diabetes and Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Midlife Women
Authors: Yang You Lee , Chee Wonshik , Im Eun-Ok 
Published: September 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the association between type 2 diabetes and musculoskeletal symptoms among midlife women from 4 major racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Methods This is a secondary data analysis using the data from 164 participants aged 40 to 60 years of 2 larger survey studies (62 with type 2 diabetes and 102 without type 2 diabetes). In the original studies, the participants completed multiple questionnaires on background characteristics, health status, menopausal status, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The Musculoskeletal Symptom Index for Midlife Women was used to determine the number and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms. For data analysis, independent t tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and multiple regression analyses were used. Results The mean number of musculoskeletal symptoms was significantly higher in women with vs without type 2 diabetes as was the mean severity score. In subgroup analyses, among each menopausal stage and non-Hispanic white women, there were significant differences in the numbers and total severity scores between those with type 2 diabetes and without type 2 diabetes. When background characteristics, health status, and menopausal status were controlled, having diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was positively associated with the numbers and total severity scores of musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusion Study findings supported significant associations of type 2 diabetes with musculoskeletal symptoms among midlife women. Further studies are recommended to confirm relationships in larger populations.
Systematic review of barriers and enablers to the delivery of palliative care by primary care practitioners
Authors: Carey Mariko L , Zucca Alison C , Freund Megan AG , Bryant Jamie , Herrmann Anne , Roberts Bernadette J 
Published: September 2019

Background: There is increasing demand for primary care practitioners to play a key role in palliative care delivery. Given this, it is important to understand their perceptions of the barriers and enablers to optimal palliative care, and how commonly these are experienced. Aim: To explore the type and prevalence of barriers and enablers to palliative care provision reported by primary care practitioners. Design: A systematic review of quantitative data-based articles was conducted. Data sources: Medline, Embase and PsychINFO databases were searched for articles published between January 2007 and March 2019. Data synthesis: Abstracts were assessed against the eligibility criteria by one reviewer and a random sample of 80 articles were blind coded by a second author. Data were extracted from eligible full-texts by one author and checked by a second. Given the heterogeneity in the included studies’ methods and outcomes, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results: Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. The most common barriers related to bureaucratic procedures, communication between healthcare professionals, primary care practitioners’ personal commitments, and their skills or confidence. The most common enablers related to education, nurses and trained respite staff to assist with care delivery, better communication between professionals, and templates to facilitate referral to out-of-hours services. Conclusion: A holistic approach addressing the range of barriers reported in this review is needed to support primary care providers to deliver palliative care. This includes better training and addressing barriers related to the interface between healthcare services.
Trainee experiences in a specialist neuropsychiatry training position
Authors: Rego Thomas , Eratne Dhamidhu , Walterfang Mark , Velakoulis Dennis 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To explore trainee perceptions of a specialist training post in neuropsychiatry. Method: Of 47 past trainees who had worked in the Neuropsychiatry Unit at the Royal Melbourne Hospital during the period 1993 to 2017, 32 (68%) completed an online questionnaire including 10 questions, 4 of which asked for open-ended responses. Results: Most trainees provided positive feedback about their past experiences working on the unit, including utilizing knowledge and experience in their current practice. To an open question about how working on the unit influenced career choices 21/31 (68%) responses were positive. The remaining 10 responses highlighted areas of improvement for the trainee positions. Conclusions: The specialty training position within neuropsychiatry was very popular among past trainees, the majority of whom endorsed using the knowledge learnt in neuropsychiatry in their current practice and recommended work on the unit to future trainees.
A Systematic Review of Taste Differences Among People With Eating Disorders
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Roy Abhrarup , Franks Alexis T. , Joseph Paule V. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Eating disorders are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The etiology and maintenance of eating-disorder symptoms are not well understood. Evidence suggests that there may be gustatory alterations in patients with eating disorders. Objective: This article systematically reviews research assessing gustatory differences in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Method: A systematic review was performed, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, examining taste and eating disorders. We reviewed electronic databases and identified 1,490 peer-reviewed English-language studies. Of these, 49 met inclusion criteria. Results: Studies employed psychophysical measures ( n = 27), self-reported questionnaires ( n = 5), and neuroimaging techniques (i.e., electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging; n = 17). Psychophysical studies showed that individuals with BN, in general, had greater preference for sweetness than healthy controls, and those with AN had a greater aversion for fat than controls. In neuroimaging studies, findings suggested that predictable administration of sweet-taste stimuli was associated with reduced activation in taste-reward regions of the brain among individuals with AN (e.g., insula, ventral, and dorsal striatum) but increased activation in BN and BED. Discussion: To our knowledge, this systematic review is the first to synthesize literature on taste differences in AN, BN, and BED. The inconsistency and variability in methods used across studies increased difficulties in comparing studies and disease processes. Further studies with well-defined population parameters are warranted to better understand how taste varies in patients with eating disorders.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Thyroid Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Phan Kevin , Huo Ya Ruth , Charlton Olivia , Smith Saxon D. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by painful nodules, sinus tracts, and significant scarring. Although the pathogenesis of this disease is not well established, there is increasing evidence to suggest that it is an immune-mediated disorder. Previous studies have suggested a relationship between HS and thyroid disease, which is also driven by an autoimmune process. We sought to assess whether an association exists between HS and thyroid disease. Objectives: To determine whether HS is associated with thyroid disease via meta-analysis of case-control studies. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to recommended PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed using 6 electronic databases from their inception until August 2018. Data were extracted and analyzed according to predefined clinical endpoints. Odds ratio (OR) was used as the summary effect size. Results: We identified 5 case-controls studies included for meta-analysis. There were a total of 36 103 HS cases compared with 170 517 control cases. We found a significant association between HS and thyroid disease (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.13-1.64, I 2 = 78%, P = .001). Conclusions: This pooled analysis of existing case-control studies to date supports an association between HS and any thyroid disease. Clinicians treating patients with HS should be aware of this potential association with thyroid disease.
Introduction to Meta-Science in HRD
Authors: Turner John R. 
Published: September 2019

The Problem Research matters. Results from research can affect policy, practice, and future research. Taking every precaution to assure that research is conducted ethically, accurately, and correctly is a practice that should be exhibited by all disciplines. Unfortunately, this has not been the case with upward of 40% of published research identified as being nonreproducible. The Solution The first step for any discipline is to be aware that meta-science problems exists and to identify necessary techniques for preventing these problems from occurring. The current Special Issue introduces meta-science to the field of human resource development (HRD) as a step in informing scholars and scholar-practitioners (a) about the potential problems that exists in other disciplines and (b) what steps could be taken to help prevent these problems from occurring in research within the field of HRD. The Stakeholders HRD scholars and scholar-practitioners, collaborators of HRD, researchers, instructors, and students of HRD programs.
A survey examining the use of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation on adult intensive care units across the UK
Authors: Swingwood Ema , Tume Lyvonne , Cramp Fiona 
Published: September 2019

Introduction Despite potential benefits, it is not known how widely physiotherapists use mechanical insufflation-exsufflation devices on UK adult intensive care units. This survey aimed to describe mechanical insufflation-exsufflation use in UK adult intensive care units. Methods Cross-sectional electronic survey of physiotherapists working in a permanent post on adult intensive care units. Results One hundred and sixty-six complete surveys were available for analysis, reflecting a diverse geographical spread. Nearly all (98%; 163/166) clinicians had access to mechanical insufflation-exsufflation. The estimated frequency of use varied, with the majority reporting weekly or monthly use (52/163, 32%; 50/163, 31%, respectively). Nearly all clinicians (99%) used mechanical insufflation-exsufflation with extubated patients. In contrast, around half of respondents (86/163, 53%) used mechanical insufflation-exsufflation with intubated patients, with a range of perceived barriers reported. Conclusions Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation devices are widely available on UK adult intensive care units, with use more common in extubated patients. Barriers to mechanical insufflation-exsufflation use in the intubated population warrant further investigation
Identifying Disparities in the Management of Hip Fractures Within Europe: A Comparison of 3 Health-Care Systems
Authors: Murray Cliodhna E. , Fuchs Andreas , Grünewald Heide , Godkin Owen , Südkamp Norbert P. , Konstantinidis Lukas 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: This study investigates the management of hip fractures in a German maximum care hospital and compares these data to evidence-based standard and practice in 180 hospitals participating in the UK National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) and 16 hospitals participating in the Irish Hip Fracture Database (IHFD). This is the first study directly comparing the management of hip fractures between 3 separate health-care systems within Europe. Methods: Electronic medical data were collected retrospectively describing the care pathway of elderly patients with a hip fracture admitted to a large trauma unit in the south of Germany “University Hospital Freiburg” (UHF). The audit evaluated demographics, postoperative outcome, and the adherence to the 6 “Blue Book” standards of care. These data were directly compared with the data from the UK NHFD and the IHFD acquired from 180 and 16 hospitals, respectively. Results: At 36 hours, 95.8% of patients had received surgery in UHF, compared to 71.5% in the NHFD and 58% of patients in the IHFD. The rate of in-hospital mortality was 4.7% compared to 7.1% in the NHFD and 5% in the IHFD. The mean average acute length of stay was 13.4 days compared to 16.4 days in the NHFD and 20 days in the IHFD. Reoperation rates are 3.3% compared to 1% in the NHFD and 1.1% in the IHFD; 50.5% of patients were discharged on bone protection medication, compared to 47% in the IHFD and 79.3% in the UK NHFD. Discussion: Despite uniformly acknowledged evidence-based treatment guidelines, the management of hip fractures remains heterogeneous within Europe. Conclusion: These data show that different areas of the hip fracture care pathway in Germany, England, and Ireland, respectively, show room for improvement in light of the growing socioeconomic burden these countries are expected to face.
Local privacy protection classification based on human-centric computing
Authors: Yin Chunyong , Zhou Biao , Yin Zhichao , Wang Jin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Human-centric computing is becoming an important part of data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) and the importance of data mining under Human-centric computing is getting more and more attention. The rapid development of machine learning has gradually increased its ability to mine data. In this paper, privacy protection is combined with machine learning, in which a logistic regression is adopted for local differential privacy protection to achieves classification task utilizing noise addition and feature selection. The design idea is mainly divided into three parts: noise addition, feature selection and logistic regression. In the part of noise addition, the way of adding noise using Laplace mechanism to original data achieves the purpose of disturbing data. The part of feature selection is to highlight the impact of noised data on the classifier. The part of logistic regression is to use logistic regression to implement classification task. The experimental results show that an accuracy of 85.7% can be achieved for the privacy data by choosing appropriate regularization coefficients.
RUNX transcription factors: orchestrators of development
Authors: Mevel Renaud , Draper Julia E. , Lie-a-Ling Michael , Kouskoff Valerie , Lacaud Georges 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTRUNX transcription factors orchestrate many different aspects of biology, including basic cellular and developmental processes, stem cell biology and tumorigenesis. In this Primer, we introduce the molecular hallmarks of the three mammalian RUNX genes, RUNX1, RUNX2 and RUNX3, and discuss the regulation of their activities and their mechanisms of action. We then review their crucial roles in the specification and maintenance of a wide array of tissues during embryonic development and adult homeostasis.
Humanin vitrofertilisation and developmental biology: a mutually influential history
Authors: Johnson Martin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis article describes the origins and development of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and how it was influenced by, and influenced, basic research in developmental biology. It describes the technical and social challenges that confronted the pioneers in this field of study, and the considerable progress that has been made since those early days. It also considers how IVF has contributed, and continues to contribute, to our understanding of early human development.
An Effective Strategy to Obtain Highly Porous Alumina Powders Having Robust and Designable Extra-Large Pores
Authors: Maruoka Hirokazu , Kimura Tatsuo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Crystalline alumina is a significant inorganic solid that has been utilized as a high-surface-area catalyst support. However, it has been in fact difficult to obtain alumina having high interior porosity and adequate crystallinity in their powder forms because complete crystallization of pore walls (alumina frameworks) is generally suppressed by the porous structures. Here, we report an aerosol-assisted synthesis of highly porous alumina using asymmetric polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) type diblock copolymers, and summarize it as an effective strategy to achieve quick optimization of the synthetic conditions. Extra-large pores (∼40 nm using PS35000-b-PEO17000 and ∼200 nm using PS58500-b-PEO37000) were architected in the aerosol-assisted particles successfully. The alumina frameworks can be adequately crystallized to its γ-phase through calcination at high temperature (e.g., 1000 °C) with the retention of initial porous structures. In addition, surface propertis of the alumina frameworks were changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic with the crystallization degree, being a significant insight for tuning functions through the porous materials design.