bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Structural Conformity in a Three-Pad Adaptive Air Foil Bearing With Regard to Active Control of Radial Clearance
Authors: Sadri Hossein , Schlums Henning , Sinapius Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Various solutions for the design of oil-free bearings are discussed in the literature. Adding hydrodynamic preload to the foil bearings by profiling the inner bore of the bearing is one of the most frequently investigated methods for improving the bearing stability and damping character of the entire system. However, this approach leads to a reduced load capacity and thus to an increased lift-off speed of the foil bearings. Observations of this kind lead to the presentation of various solutions for active bearing contour adjustment, which benefits from different profiles of the lubricant film. Most of these concepts use piezoelectric stack actuators to generate the required alternating force, although the influence of the stiffness of adaptive elements on bearing performance is not fully discussed in the literature. The focus of this study is on the investigation of structural conformity, i.e., the harmonization of stiffness with respect to the requirements for shape control and load capacity of an adaptive air foil bearing (AAFB). The result may be a basis for the consideration of additional degrees of freedom in any concept with shape control as the main design framework in interaction between the lubricant and compliant structure in an air foil bearing from both static and dynamic points of view.
EPS Conceptual Design for GoM Deepwater Fields
Authors: Choi Michael , Kilner Andrew , Marcollo Hayden , Withall Tim , Carra Chris , Huang Kevin 
Published: May 2019

To avoid making billion dollar mistakes, operators with discoveries in deepwater (∼3,000m) Gulf of Mexico (GoM) need dependable well performance, reservoir response and fluid data to guide full-field development decisions. Recognizing this need, the DeepStar consortium developed a conceptual design for an Early Production System (EPS) that will serve as a mobile well test system that is safe, environmentally friendly and cost-effective.
The EPS is a dynamically positioned (DP) Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel with a bundled top tensioned riser having quick emergency disconnect capability. Both oil and gas are processed onboard and exported by shuttle tankers to local markets. Oil is stored and offloaded using standard FPSO techniques, while the gas is exported as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
This paper summarizes the technologies, regulatory acceptance, and business model that will make the DeepStar EPS a reality.
Paper published with permission.
ISTD Implementation and Service-Life Monitoring
Authors: Palmer Glen 
Published: May 2019

Subsection ISTD of ASME’s Operation and Maintenance of Nuclear Power Plants (OM Code) is the required code for preservice and inservice examination and testing of dynamic restraints (snubbers). This code replaced the inspection requirements of Article IWF-5000, “Inservice Inspection Requirements for Snubbers,” in Section XI, “Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components,” of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code after the publication of the 2006 addenda to Section XI, which deleted Article IWF-5000. When the requirements of IWF-5000 were deleted, the requirements for examination and testing of snubbers, as required by Section 50.55a, “Codes and Standards,” of Title 10, “Energy,” of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR 50.55a) became those specified by Subsection ISTD of the ASME OM Code. Therefore, when nuclear power plant owners prepare their ten-year inservice testing (IST)/inservice inspection (ISI) program updates that incorporate the 2006 (or later) addenda to Section XI, the snubber requirements will be required to be in accordance with those of Subsection ISTD of the latest approved edition and addenda of the ASME OM Code (2004 Edition with Addenda through 2006). This edition of the ASME OM Code is cited in the NRC Rulemaking which was published on June 21, 2011.
Because this is a change in requirements, owners should be asking some of the following questions: What is the difference between our existing program requirements and those included in Subsection ISTD of the ASME OM Code? How will this change our existing program or the way the current snubber examination and testing program is implemented? How much effort will be required to implement this program change? This paper will provide some specific guidance for the implementation of the ISTD Code and will identify typical areas where changes may be required to existing snubber examination and testing programs. It will also describe some approaches to satisfy the requirements of ISTD-6000, “Service Life Monitoring,” which might not have been included in the previous requirements under Section XI.
Paper published with permission.
Prevalence and distribution of HPV types in genital warts in Xi’an, China: a prospective study
Authors: Zhu Cansheng , Wang Yaofei , Mao Weihua , Zhang Hongshan , Ma Jiaju 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo characterise the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in genital warts in Xi’an, China.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Skin Disease and STD Control (SPISSC) between September 2014 and April 2017. Genital wart samples were obtained from 879 patients, including 512 men and 367 women. HPV genotyping was performed by using an automatic nucleic acid hybridisation system.ResultsOf the 879 patients with genital warts, the detectable rates of low-risk, high-risk and total HPV types were 45.4%, 34.5% and 57.8%, respectively. The detectable rate of low-risk HPV types (45.4%) was significantly higher than that of high-risk HPV types (34.5%) (χ2=21.85, p<0.01). The detectable rate of low-risk HPV types of men (52.3%) was significantly higher than that of women (35.7%) (χ2=23.90, p<0.01). The detectable rates of one HPV type infection and two and three or more HPV type coinfections were 26.1%, 17.5% and 14.2%, respectively. HPV6 (24.9%), HPV11 (17.9%), HPV52 (9.9%) and HPV16 (7.3%) were the four most common HPV types.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that low-risk HPV types are major pathogens of genital warts, but high-risk HPV type infections and multiple HPV type coinfections are also common in genital warts. HPV6, 11, 52 and 16 are the four most common HPV types in genital wart in Xi’an, China.
Implementation of clean cookstove interventions and its effects on blood pressure in low-income and middle-income countries: systematic review
Authors: Onakomaiya Deborah , Gyamfi Joyce , Iwelunmor Juliet , Opeyemi Jumoke , Oluwasanmi Mofetoluwa , Obiezu-Umeh Chisom , Dalton Milena , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Ojo Temitope , Vieira Dorice , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Olopade Christopher 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveA review of the implementation outcomes of clean cookstove use, and its effects on blood pressure (BP) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignSystematic review of studies that reported the effect of clean cookstove use on BP among women, and implementation science outcomes in LMICs.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, Embase, INSPEC, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Global Health and Web of Science PLUS. We conducted searches in November 2017 with a repeat in May 2018. We did not restrict article publication date.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included only studies conducted in LMICs, published in English, regardless of publication year and studies that examined the use of improved or clean cookstove intervention on BP. Two authors independently screened journal article titles, abstracts and full-text articles to identify those that included the following search terms: high BP, hypertension and or household air pollution, LMICs, cookstove and implementation outcomes.ResultsOf the 461 non-duplicate articles identified, three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (in Nigeria, Guatemala and Ghana) and two studies of pre–post design (in Bolivia and Nicaragua) met eligibility criteria. These articles evaluated the effect of cookstove use on BP in women. Two of the three RCTs reported a mean reduction in diastolic BP of −2.8 mm Hg (−5.0, –0.6; p=0.01) for the Nigerian study; −3.0 mm Hg; (−5.7, –0.4; p=0.02) for the Guatemalan study; while the study conducted in Ghana reported a non-significant change in BP. The pre–post studies reported a significant reduction in mean systolic BP of −5.5 mm Hg; (p=0.01) for the Bolivian study, and −5.9 mm Hg (−11.3, –0.4; p=0.05) for the Nicaraguan study. Implementation science outcomes were reported in all five studies (three reported feasibility, one reported adoption and one reported feasibility and adoption of cookstove interventions).ConclusionAlthough this review demonstrated that there is limited evidence on the implementation of clean cookstove use in LMICs, the effects of clean cookstove on BP were significant for both systolic and diastolic BP among women. Future studies should consider standardised reporting of implementation outcomes.
Relationship between early prescription dispensing patterns and work disability in a cohort of low back pain workers’ compensation claimants: a historical cohort study
Authors: Carnide Nancy , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Koehoorn Mieke , Furlan Andrea D , Côté Pierre 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo examine and compare whether dispensing of prescription opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) within 8 weeks after a work-related low back pain (LBP) injury is associated with work disability.MethodsA historical cohort study of 55 571 workers’ compensation claimants with LBP claims in British Columbia from 1998 to 2009 was conducted using linked compensation, dispensing and healthcare data. Four exposures were constructed to estimate the effect on receipt of benefits and days on benefits 1 year after injury: drug class(es) dispensed, days' supply, strength of opioids dispensed and average daily morphine-equivalent dose.ResultsCompared with claimants receiving NSAIDs and/or SMRs, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of days on benefits was 1.09 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.14) for claimants dispensed opioids only and 1.26 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.30) for claimants dispensed opioids with NSAIDs and/or SMRs. Compared with weak opioids only, the IRR for claimants dispensed strong opioids only or strong and weak opioids combined was 1.21 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.30) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.39), respectively. The incident rate of days on benefits associated with each 7-day increase in days supplied of opioids, NSAIDs and SMRs was 10%, 4% and 3%, respectively. Similar results were seen for receipt of benefits, though effect sizes were larger.ConclusionsFindings suggest provision of early opioids leads to prolonged work disability compared with NSAIDs and SMRs, though longer supplies of all drug classes are also associated with work disability. Residual confounding likely partially explains the findings. Research is needed that accounts for prescriber, system and workplace factors.
Pulsed radiofrequency to the dorsal root ganglion or the sciatic nerve reduces neuropathic pain behavior, decreases peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines and spinal β-catenin in chronic constriction injury rats
Authors: Jiang Ren , Li Ping , Yao Yong-Xing , Li Hong , Liu Rongjun , Huang Ling-Er , Ling Sunbin , Peng Zhiyou , Yang Juan , Zha Leiqiong , Xia Li-Ping , Chen Xiaowei , Feng Zhiying 
Published: May 2019

Background and objectivesPulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a minimal neurodestructive interventional pain therapy. However, its analgesic mechanism remains largely unclear. We aimed to investigate the peripheral and spinal mechanisms of PRF applied either adjacent to the ipsilateral L5 dorsal root ganglion (PRF-DRG) or PRF to the sciatic nerve (PRF-SN) in the neuropathic pain behavior induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats.MethodsOn day 0, CCI or sham surgeries were performed. Rats then received either PRF-DRG, PRF-SN, or sham PRF treatment on day 4. Pain behavioral tests were conducted before surgeries and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 14. After the behavioral tests, the rats were sacrificed. The venous blood or sciatic nerve samples were collected for ELISAs and the dorsal horns of the L4–L6 spinal cord were collected for western blot examination.ResultsThe mechanical allodynia and the thermal hyperalgesia has been relieved by a single PRF-DRG or PRF-SN application. In addition, the analgesic effect of PRF-DRG was superior to PRF-SN on CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Either PRF-DRG or PRF-SN reversed the enhancement of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in the blood of CCI rats. PRF-DRG or PRF-SN also downregulated spinal β-catenin expression.ConclusionsPRF treatment either to DRG or to sciatic nerve reduced neuropathic pain behavior, and reduced peripheral levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and spinal β-catenin expression in CCI rats. PRF to DRG has a better analgesic effect than PRF to the nerve.
Randomized comparison between epidural waveform analysis through the needle versus the catheter for thoracic epidural blocks
Authors: Tangjitbampenbun Amornrat , Layera Sebastián , Arnuntasupakul Vanlapa , Apinyachon Worapot , Venegas Karen , Godoy Jaime , Aliste Julián , Bravo Daniela , Blanch Alonso , Webar Javier , Saadawi Mohammed , Owen Andrew , Finlayson Roderick J , Tran De Q 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundEpidural waveform analysis (EWA) provides a simple confirmatory adjunct for loss of resistance (LOR): when the needle/catheter tip is correctly positioned inside the epidural space, pressure measurement results in a pulsatile waveform. Epidural waveform analysis can be carried out through the tip of the needle (EWA-N) or the catheter (EWA-C). In this randomized trial, we compared the two methods. We hypothesized that, compared with EWA-C, EWA-N would result in a shorter performance time.MethodsOne hundred and twenty patients undergoing thoracic epidural blocks for thoracic or abdominal surgery were randomized to EWA-N or EWA-C. In the EWA-N group, LOR was confirmed by connecting the epidural needle to a pressure transducer. After obtaining a satisfactory waveform, the epidural catheter was advanced 5 cm beyond the needle tip. In the EWA-C group, the epidural catheter was first advanced 5 cm beyond the needle tip after the occurrence of LOR. Subsequently, the catheter was connected to the pressure transducer to detect the presence of waveforms. In both study groups, the block procedure was repeated at different intervertebral levels until positive waveforms could be obtained (through the needle or catheter as per the allocation) or until a predefined maximum of three intervertebral levels had been reached. Subsequently, the operator administered a 4 mL test dose of lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 5 µg/mL through the catheter. An investigator present during the performance of the block recorded the performance time (defined as the temporal interval between skin infiltration and local anesthetic administration through the epidural catheter). Fifteen minutes after the test dose, a blinded investigator assessed the patient for sensory block to ice. Success was defined as a bilateral block in at least two dermatomes. Furthermore, postoperative pain scores, local anesthetic consumption, and breakthrough analgesic consumption were recorded.ResultsNo intergroup differences were found in terms of performance time, success rate, postoperative pain, local anesthetic requirement, and breakthrough analgesic consumption.ConclusionEWA can be carried out through the needle or through the catheter with similar efficiency (performance time) and efficacy (success rate, postoperative analgesia).Trial registration numberNCT03603574.
Risk of CIN2+ following a diagnosis of genital warts: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Blomberg Maria , Dehlendorff Christian , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesIndividuals with genital warts may be particularly susceptible to human papillomavirus since they have failed to clear the virus. Consequently, women with genital warts could be at increased risk of cervical dysplasia. In this cohort study we aimed to compare the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in women with a diagnosis of genital warts with that of the general female population without genital warts.MethodsUsing the Danish nationwide population-based health data registers, we identified women between 15 and 45 years and followed them for diagnoses of CIN2+ from 1995 to 2006. Genital wart diagnoses were recorded from birth, and Cox regression with attained age as underlying scale was used to estimate age-dependent HRs for the risk of CIN2+ with genital warts as a time-varying exposure.ResultsAmong 918 609 women without genital warts and 32 218 women with genital warts, 30 209 and 1533 women, respectively, had a subsequent diagnosis of CIN2+. A significantly higher risk of CIN2+ was found among women with genital warts relative to those without (HR, 2.43; 95% CI 2.30 to 2.56). Treatment-resistant genital warts posed a significantly higher risk of CIN2+ than did transient genital warts (HR, 1.20; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.43). The risks remained elevated more than 4 years after the genital wart diagnosis.ConclusionClinicians should ensure that women with genital warts are screened for cervical cancer after the genital wart diagnosis and that they continue to be screened on time.
Mucormycosis emboli: a rare cause of segmental bowel ischemia
Authors: Baiu Ioana , Knowlton Lisa Marie 
Published: May 2019

The patient is a 34-year-old man with a history of primary refractory acute myeloblastic leukemia diagnosed 1 year prior, with multiple relapses. As rescue treatment, he underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplant from cord blood 27 days prior to surgical consult. His post-transplant course has been notable for delayed engraftment, prolonged severe neutropenia, resulting in vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus,Streptococcus viridansandStreptococcus mitisbacteremia for which he treated with tedizolid, cefepime, Flagyl and daptomycin per guidance from the Infectious Disease team. On the day of consultation, he developed acute abdominal pain, he was on filgrastim to promote hematopoiesis, and prophylaxis with acyclovir, Bactrim, and caspofungin as well as the above antibiotics for bacteremia. A second antifungal was not started due to the potential toxicity and data from prior infections that he had. On surgical evaluation, his examination was notable for fever to 38.2°C, tachycardia to 155 basic metabolic panel, hypotension to 99/81 and tachypnea to 36; he was ill appearing with a distended abdomen and localized peritonitis. His white cell count was 0.2 x 109/L with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of zero. Additionally, he was anemic with a hemoglobin of 7 g/L, thrombocytopenic with a platelet count of 10 x 109/L, and a lactic acid of 3.1 mmol/L. His CT scan earlier in the morning revealed segmental ischemia of the small bowel (figure 1).Figure 1CT scan or initial presentation showing lack of wall enhancement of a discrete segment of small bowel.What would you do?Offer non-operative management with broad spectrum antibiotics.Transition to comfort care.Perform a small bowel resection with primary anastomosis.Perform a small bowel resection with end ileostomy.
Renal sensory nerves increase sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in 2-kidney 1-clip hypertensive mice
Authors: Ong Jason , Kinsman Brian J. , Sved Alan F. , Rush Brittney M. , Tan Roderick J. , Carattino Marcelo D. , Stocker Sean D. 
Published: May 2019

Renal denervation lowers arterial blood pressure (ABP) in multiple clinical trials and some experimental models of hypertension. These antihypertensive effects have been attributed to the removal of renal afferent nerves. The purpose of the present study was to define the function, anatomy, and contribution of mouse renal sensory neurons to a renal nerve-dependent model of hypertension. First, electrical stimulation of mouse renal afferent nerves produced frequency-dependent increases in ABP that were eliminated by ganglionic blockade. Stimulus-triggered averaging revealed renal afferent stimulation significantly increased splanchnic, renal, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Second, kidney injection of wheat germ agglutinin into male C57Bl6 mice (12–14 wk; Jackson Laboratories) produced ipsilateral labeling in the T11–L2 dorsal root ganglia. Next, 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) hypertension was produced in male C57Bl6 mice (12–14 wk; Jackson Laboratories) by placement of a 0.5-mm length of polytetrafluoroethylene tubing around the left renal artery. 2K1C mice displayed an elevated ABP measured via telemetry and a greater fall in mean ABP to ganglionic blockade at day 14 or 21 vs. day 0. Renal afferent discharge was significantly higher in 2K1C-clipped vs. 2K1C-unclipped or sham kidneys. In addition, 2K1C-clipped vs. 2K1C-unclipped or sham kidneys had lower renal mass and higher mRNA levels of several proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, both ipsilateral renal denervation (10% phenol) or selective denervation of renal afferent nerves (periaxonal application of 33 mM capsaicin) at time of clipping resulted in lower ABP of 2K1C mice at day 14 or 21. These findings suggest mouse renal sensory neurons are activated to increase SNA and ABP in 2K1C hypertension. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study documents the function, anatomy, and contribution of mouse renal sensory nerves to neurogenic hypertension produced by renal stenosis. Activation of renal afferents increased sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Renal afferent activity was elevated in hypertensive mice, and renal afferent denervation lowered blood pressure. Clinically, patients with renal stenosis have been excluded from clinical trials for renal denervation, but this study highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy to target renal nerves in these patients.
КОМПЛЕКСНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЧИННИКІВ ТА КЛІНІКО-ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНИХ ДАНИХ ПРИ ВІДКРИТІЙ АРТЕРІАЛЬНІЙ ПРОТОЦІ У ДІТЕЙ РІЗНИХ ВІКОВИХ ГРУП
Authors: Kulikova D. O. , Chumak L. I. 
Published: May 2019

Мета: вивчити і проаналізувати медико-соціальні чинники та клініко-інструментальні дані при відкритій артеріальній протоці (ВАП) у дітей різних вікових груп.
Матеріали та методи: У дослідженні брали участь діти у віці до 18 років, 80% з них - діти до 3 років. Всі обстежені в відділенні кардіохірургії ДУ «Інститут загальної та невідкладно хірургії ім. В.Т. Зайцева НАМН України» протягом 2013-2017 років. У першу основну групу увійшли пацієнти з вродженою вадою серця: відкрита артеріальна протока, яку діагностовано за даними комплексного обстеження і даними ультразвуку. Інша (контрольна) група - це пацієнти без вроджених вад серця. Виконано статистичний аналіз медико-соціальних факторів, які виявлені при анкетуванні родин, даних об’єктивного огляду, клініко–інструментальних та даних ультразвукового дослідження.
Результати:
Встановлено, що серед медико-соціальних факторів найбільш позитивно значущим є планування вагітності, а також скарги на відставання у фізичному і психомоторному розвитку, часті простудні захворювання та повільна прибавка маси тіла у дітей з відкритою артеріальною протокою у ранньому дитячому віці. Серед непрямих ознак відкритої артеріальної протоки за даними ультразвукового дослідження найбільш значущі були дилатація лівої гілки та стовбуру легеневої артерії і підвищення градієнту тиску на них. Додатковими ультразвуковими критеріями для діагностики відкритої артеріальної протоки слід вважати збільшення передньо-заднього розміру та об’єму лівого передсердя, а також дилатацію лівого передсердя та лівого шлуночка. Зазначені критерії будуть визначними щодо гемодинамічної значущості цієї вади розвитку.
Висновки: Отримані дані дозволяють визначити значимість названих критеріїв у комплексі для вибору подальшої тактики ведення таких пацієнтів, а також стануть невід'ємною частиною алгоритму ведення пацієнтів з відкритою артеріальною протокою.