bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A blockchain‐based framework to secure vehicular social networks
Authors: Yahiatene Youcef , Rachedi Abderrezak , Riahla Mohamed Amine , Menacer Djamel Eddine , Nait‐Abdesselam Farid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVehicular social network is emerging as a new promising concept, combining two types of network paradigms, namely, vehicular networks and social networks. In order to manage efficiently the security and the control of the network, this paper proposes a new framework based on the emerging concepts of software‐defined vehicular network (SDVN) and blockchain. Using the SDVN makes the network more programmable, virtualized, and partitionable. However, on the other hand, it also creates a well‐known vulnerability of a single point of failure. Hence, we propose to introduce the blockchain paradigm that will enable the certification of transactions and ensure data anonymity in a fully distributed manner. To this end, three levels of controllers are needed: a principal controller (PC), roadside units (RSUs), and a local controller. In order to dynamically select miners, a distributed miners connected dominating set algorithm (DM‐CDS) has been proposed. The DM‐CDS is a single‐phase distributed algorithm that supports a dynamic topology based on a trust model and some other network parameters, such as the connectivity degree, the average link quality indicator, and the rank. The performance of the proposed DM‐CDS is evaluated throughout multiple scenarios using different parameters, such as trust metric, node density, node mobility, and radio range. The obtained results highlight the importance of such proposed architecture, especially in terms of number of required miners. For instance, when the density of nodes increases, the number of selected miners increases similarly to when the network length increases. The node mobility impacts also on the stability of the selected miners, in terms of withdrawing and joining, showing a variation between 0% and 10%. The trust metric has also an important impact on the selection of miners, as only nodes with a higher trust level are selected to endorse the roles of miners.
Thermomechanical surface instability at the origin of surface fissure patterns on heated circular MDF samples
Authors: Ferrantelli Andrea , Baroudi Djebar , Khakalo Sergei , Li Kai Yuan 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWhen a flat sample of medium density fibreboard (MDF) is exposed to radiant heat in an inert atmosphere, primary crack patterns suddenly start to appear over the entire surface before pyrolysis and any charring occurs. Contrary to common belief that crack formation is due to drying and shrinkage, it was demonstrated for square samples that this results from thermomechanical instability. In the present paper, new experimental data are presented for circular samples of the same MDF material. The sample was exposed to radiant heating at 20 or 50 kW/m2, and completely different crack patterns with independent eigenmodes were observed at the two heat fluxes. We show that the two patterns can be reproduced with a full 3‐D thermomechanical surface instability model of a hot layer adhered to an elastic colder foundation in an axisymmetric domain. Analytical and numerical solutions of a simplified 2‐D formulation of the same problem provide excellent qualitative agreement between observed and calculated patterns. Previous data for square samples, together with the results reported in the present paper for circular samples, confirm the validity of the model for qualitative predictions and indicate that further refinements can be made to improve its quantitative predictive capability.
Effect of different Lactobacillus species on volatile and nonvolatile flavor compounds in juices fermentation
Authors: Cui Shumao , Zhao Nan , Lu Wenwei , Zhao Fang , Zheng Songyou , Wang Weijun , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLactobacillus is the dominant genus during fruit and vegetable juices (FVFs) fermentation, which are the key factors for taste and flavor. This study was performed to investigate the effects of different Lactobacillus spp. on profile of volatile flavor compounds and nonvolatile taste compounds in FVFs fermentation. A total of 14 compounds were identified as discriminant flavor and taste markers for fermented FVFs via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)‐based multimarker profiling. The PCA score plot and PLS‐DA showed that different FVFs were divided into three distinct types, suggesting that the different species significantly affect the volatile and nonvolatile compounds profiles of FVFs. Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Type A FVFs) might make a greater contribution to the umami taste. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus (Type B FVFs) make a greater contribution to the sour taste. Lactobacillus fermentum may be an potential critical contributor to produce volatile compounds. We reveal that different Lactobacillus strains play different roles in modifying these compounds related to flavor and taste features.
Heritability analysis of nontraditional glycemic biomarkers in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Loomis Stephanie J. , Tin Adrienne , Coresh Josef , Boerwinkle Eric , Pankow James S. , Köttgen Anna , Selvin Elizabeth , Duggal Priya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNontraditional glycemic biomarkers, including fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (1,5‐AG) are potential alternatives or complement to traditional measures of hyperglycemia. Genetic variants are associated with these biomarkers, but the heritability, or extent to which genetics control their variation, is not known. We estimated pedigree‐based, SNP‐based, and bivariate heritabilities for traditional glycemic biomarkers (fasting glucose, HbA1c), and nontraditional biomarkers (fructosamine, glycated albumin, 1,5‐AG) among white participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (N = 400 first‐degree relatives from sibships, N = 5,575 unrelated individuals). Pedigree‐based heritabilities (representing heritability from the entire genome) for nontraditional biomarkers were substantial (0.44–0.55) and comparable to HbA1c (0.34); the fasting glucose estimate was nonsignificant. SNP‐based heritabilities (representing heritability from common variants) were lower than pedigree‐based heritabilities for all biomarkers. Bivariate heritabilities showed shared genetics between fructosamine and glycated albumin (0.46 pedigree‐based, 1.00 SNP‐based) and glycated albumin and 1,5‐AG (0.50 pedigree‐based, 0.47 SNP‐based). Genetic factors contribute to a considerable proportion of the variance of fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5‐AG and a portion of this heritability likely comes from common variants.
A False Sense of Protection: Recreational Uses and Illegal Behavior in a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area and Implications for Management
Authors: Manna Gabriella La , Sarà Gianluca 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Over the last 35 years, at both the European and the Italian level, great efforts have been made to increase the number of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): they are considered an effective tool for protecting oceans and biodiversity. In recent years, MPAs have become more than simply tools to improve marine conservation. In fact, their management agencies are actively involved in the sustainable development of nearby communities through the promotion of recreational activities (boating, snorkeling, diving). Even if the recreational uses of the marine environment are generally considered benign, they can potentially be highly detrimental for species and their habitats. As a result, these activities should be controlled through the spatial zoning and the regulation of the MPAs. Thus, the achievement of the conservation goals of the MPAs depends primarily on compliance with the regulations of recreational uses inside their boundaries. The objective of this study was to estimate boating usage and the related level of compliance inside the Capo Gallo and Isola delle Femmine (Italy) MPA. The spatial and temporal trend of boating and the behaviors of boaters were measured through direct observation over a period of 2 summer months. The study highlighted a weakness in the effectiveness of this MPA, linked to a social component and compliance with the regulation. Solutions for effective management plans are outlined thanks to an understanding of the limitations and potential of existing MPA policies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–13. © 2019 SETAC
Cross‐sectional study of the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in rural and urban populations
Authors: Deswal Ritu , Nanda Smiti , Ghalaut Veena S. , Roy Prasanta S. , Dang Amita S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and risk factor profile of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Haryana, India.MethodsA large‐scale cross‐sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age in Haryana between December 2015 and May 2017. A random multi‐stage stratified sampling method was adopted. PCOS screening was based on questionnaires. Blood samples for hormonal analysis were collected from those with probable and definitive PCOS cases. Women with menstrual irregularities (MI), hyperandrogenism (HA), and polycystic ovaries (PCO) (Rotterdam criteria) were included. Females with thyroid disease, hyperprolactinemia, and adrenal hyperplasia were excluded.ResultsAmong total 2400 women screened, 94 (4.21%) had PCOS. The PCOS phenotypes were 30% clinical HA (hirsutism, H), 64% biochemical HA, 35% PCO, 16% H+MI, 10% MI+PCO, 52% MI+HA, 14% PCO+H, and 19% PCO+H+HA. Overall, 67 (71%) of the women with PCOS resided in urban regions and 27 (29%) in rural regions.ConclusionAmong the women with PCOS, a considerably higher proportion resided in urban regions of Haryana. The difference may be attributed to lifestyle and dietary factors. Ignoring PCOS may put women at risk of serious long‐term health consequences that are difficult to manage. Lifestyle changes and continuous surveys should be promoted for better management.
Candidates for neotypification of Blanco's names of Philippine plants: specimens in the U.S. National Herbarium
Authors: Nicolson Dan H. , Arculus Dawn 
Published: June 2019

SummaryNicolson, D. H. & Arculus, D.: Candidates for neotypification of Blanco's names of Philippine plants: specimens in the U.S. National Herbarium. ‐ Taxon 50: 947–954. 2001. ‐ISSN 0040‐0262.Evidence suggests that of the widely distributed sets of E. D. Merrill's “illustrative specimens” for F. M. Blanco's names of Philippine plants, the first, most complete, and best labelled extant set is the one at the U.S. National Herbarium. Workers considering neotypification of Blanco's plant names should give special consideration to the materials at US.
Overexpression of long noncoding RNA Malat1 ameliorates traumatic brain injury induced brain edema by inhibiting AQP4 and the NF‐κB/IL‐6 pathway
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Wang Jianping , Zhang Yi , Wei Jia , Wu Ruipeng , Cai Hui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBrain edema is a major traumatic brain injury (TBI)‐related neurological complication. In the initiation stage of TBI, brain edema is characterized by astrocyte swelling (cytotoxic edema). We studied the impact of a long noncoding RNA, Malat1, on the TBI‐induced astrocyte swelling and brain edema. Our results showed that Malat1 was downregulated in both the TBI rat model and the astrocyte fluid percussion injury (FPI) model, which concurred with brain edema and astrocyte swelling. Overexpression of Malat1 significantly inhibited rat brain edema, meanwhile reducing interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression after TBI. In addition, overexpression of Malat1 ameliorated FPI‐induced astrocyte swelling and reduced IL‐6 release. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis also corroborated the inhibitory effects of Malat1 on NF‐κB and AQP4 expression after FPI. Our results highlighted the protective effects of Malat1 on the TBI‐induced brain edema, which were mediated through regulating IL‐6, NF‐κB, and AQP4 expression. Our study could provide a novel approach for TBI treatment.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulate TGF‐β to adjust neuroinflammation in postoperative central inflammatory mice
Authors: Sun Zhen‐Zhen , Li Yun‐Feng , Xv Zhi‐Peng , Zhang You‐Zhi , Mi Wei‐Dong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is one of the common postoperative complications, which is more common in aged patients. POCD mainly manifests as cognitive function changes after surgery, such as memory decline and inattention. In some severe cases, patients may suffer from personality changes and (or) social behavior decline. The aim of the current study is to confirm the effect and elucidate the mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in postoperative central inflammatory mice.MethodsMice were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, sham+BMSCs, model, and BMSCs group. In the model group, mice were intraperitoneally injected 8 mg/kg per day lipopolysaccharide for 5 days. In sham+BMSCs and BMSCs group, BMSCs (1 × 10
7) in 100 µL saline were injected into sham mice and model mice, respectively.ResultsIn the model group, transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) protein expression was significantly increased, compared with that in the sham group. BMSCs were treated into postoperative central inflammatory mice, which resulted in a decreased of TGF‐β protein expression. TGF‐β and smad2 protein expression were suppressed, and apoptosis rate and inflammation were inhibited in coculture with BMSCs. The suppression of TGF‐β inhibited the effects of BMSCs on apoptosis rate and inflammation in postoperative central inflammatory through a smad2 signaling pathway. The promotion of TGF‐β reduced the effects of BMSCs on apoptosis rate and inflammation in postoperative central inflammatory through a smad2 signaling pathway.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that BMSCs regulates TGF‐β to adjust neuroinflammation in postoperative central inflammatory mice.
Clinical significance of serum IGFBP‐3 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hou Yu‐Lei , Luo Peng , Ji Guang‐yan , Chen Hui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIGF‐binding protein 3（IGFBP‐3）has previously been identified as tumor marker. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum IGFBP‐3 in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsSerum was collected from 70 CRC patients and 50 healthy volunteer controls. Serum IGFBP‐3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured using electrogenerated chemiluminescence immunoassay and compared between groups. Relationships between serum IGFBP‐3 level and the clinical characteristics of CRC were also analyzed. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to investigate diagnostic efficacy of serum IGFBP‐3 and CEA, respectively, for CRC. Data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0.ResultsSerum IGFBP‐3 levels in CRC were lower than those of controls (4.68 [3.56, 5.77] vs 5.44 [4.77, 6.10] µg/mL, P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum IGFBP‐3 levels were higher in early cancer stages (I and II) than those of advanced stages (III and IV) (4.78 [3.92, 5.49] vs 3.77 [2.65, 4.59] µg/mL, P < 0.05). In addition, patients with lymph node metastasis absent had elevated serum IGFBP‐3 levels than those of patients with lymph node metastasis present (4.73 [3.92, 5.72] vs 4.11 [2.45, 4.83] µg/mL, P = 0.02). Finally, ROC curve indicated that serum IGFBP‐3 had a better diagnostic power for CRC than CEA. When serum IGFBP‐3 and carcinoembryonic antigen were used together to detect CRC, the AUC was 0.949, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 90%.ConclusionsSerum IGFBP‐3 might be a potential biomarker for CRC.
Characterization of a sandwich ELISA for quantification of total human soluble neuropilin‐1
Authors: Gadermaier Elisabeth , Tesarz Manfred , Wallwitz Jacqueline , Berg Gabriela , Himmler Gottfried 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeuropilin‐1 (NRP1) is a highly interactive molecule that exists as transmembrane and soluble isoforms. Measurement of circulating levels of soluble NRP1 (sNRP1) in human serum and plasma has proven to be difficult due to present matrix interferences and due to the lack of a reliable technique.MethodsWe developed a highly specific and sensitive sandwich ELISA assay for total sNRP1 quantification in peripheral blood, and we validated the test according to ICH guidelines. The linear epitopes of the employed polyclonal and monoclonal anti‐human NRP1 antibodies were mapped with microarray technology. We included a sample pre‐treatment step with guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) to release sNRP1 from existing interferants.ResultsThe ELISA assay which is calibrated with sNRP1 isoform 2 and covers a calibration range from 0.375 to 12 nmol/L detects sNRP1 in human serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA, and citrate). Multiple linear epitopes recognized by the polyclonal coating antibody are distributed over the whole sNRP1 sequence. The monoclonal detection antibody binds to a linear epitope which is in the N‐terminal region of the a1 domain of human sNRP1. Assay parameters like precision (intra‐assay: 6%), dilution linearity (95%‐115%), specificity (98%), and spike recovery (81%‐109%) meet the international standards of acceptance.ConclusionOur novel sandwich ELISA provides a reliable tool for the quantitative determination of total human sNRP1. The assay detects free and previous ligand‐bound total NRP1.
An inappropriate shock after reprogramming tachycardia zones
Authors: Marinheiro Rita , Parreira Leonor , Amador Pedro , Mesquita Dinis , Almeida Lurdes , Lousinha Ana , Farinha José , Fonseca Marta , Esteves Ana Fátima , Caria Rui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA patient with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) (Abbott®) had episodes of slow monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and his ICD was programmed with three tachycardia zones. During the follow‐up, he received an inappropriate shock. Upon interrogation (of the device), trigeminal pattern binned as ventricular sensing (VS)—VS—ventricular fibrillation (VF) was detected. VF was assumed according to binning system. When VF is present, discrimination algorithms are not available and five consecutive sinus beats are necessary to reset binning system. Catheter ablation was performed to treat VT in order to reprogram tachycardia zones.
Flexible and smart fibers decorated with Ag nanoflowers for highly active surface‐enhanced Raman scattering detection
Authors: Tong Junhua , Xu Zhixing , Bian Yaoxing , Niu Yutao , Zhang Yongyi , Wang Zhaona 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a useful detection technique for molecule recognition. However, the relative difficulty in producing low‐cost highly active SERS substrates in large quantities hinders their practical implementation. Here, a fast and facile approach using a one‐step solution‐phase synthesis is proposed to directly achieve highly active fibrous SERS substrates by uniformly and densely growing silver nanoflowers on reduced graphene oxide fibers within several minutes. Attributed to the abundance of nanogaps throughout the silver nanoflower network, the fibrous substrate exhibits superior stability and high sensitivity in the SERS detection of Rhodamine 6G, with a detection limit of 10−12 M. Importantly, the proposed method is energy efficient and can work well at room temperature and manually stirring conditions based on naturally shed hair and plant fibers. Due to the advantages of high‐volume production, the processing cost is greatly reduced to approximately $0.008 for each substrate. This newly designed approach may greatly improve the practical application of SERS detection in environmental monitoring, medicine and food safety, especially in resource‐limited environments.
Fast reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic separation of proteins by flow‐through poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres
Authors: Li Qin‐ying , Ma Li‐yun , Xu Li 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith the explosive growth of the bioscience and biopharmaceuticals, the demand for high efficient analysis and separation of proteins is urgent. High‐performance liquid chromatography is an appropriate technology for this purpose, and the stationary phase is the kernel to the separation efficiency. In this study, flow‐through poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres characteristic of the binary pores, i.e. flow‐through pores and mesopores, were synthesized; this special porous structure would benefit the convective mass transfer while guarantee the high specific surface area. Owing to the hydrophobic nature, poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres were suitable as the reversed‐phase stationary phase for separation of proteins. For the high permeability of the poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres packed column, fast separation of the studied six proteins in ∼2 min was achieved. The recoveries of studied proteins were acceptable in the range of 79.0–99.4%. The proposed column had good pH stability of 1–13 and repeatability. Moreover, the column was applied for egg white fast separation, further demonstrating its applicability for complex bio‐sample separation. The flow‐through poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres were promising for fast separation of large molecules.
Early Doppler Ultrasound in the Superior Mesenteric Artery and the Prediction of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Guang Yue , Ying Deng , Sheng Yang , Yiyong Fu , Jun Wang , Shuqiang Gao , Rong Ju 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to reveal the correlation between superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow in the first 12 hours of life and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm neonates.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study. There were 104 preterm neonates included in our study. The SMA blood flow of each neonate was measured during the first 12 hours of life if the hemodynamic situation was stable. The results of Doppler ultrasound were confidential to the neonatologists and nurses. All of the demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed.ResultsAmong all of the demographics and comorbidities, the gestational age was related to the measurements of SMA blood flow. We conducted a single‐factor analysis of the occurrence of NEC, including the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity, time‐averaged mean velocity, differential velocity (DV), resistive index, and pulsatility index. A higher PSV (median [interquartile range], 54.165 [42.423–68.463] versus 42.195 [34.278–48.553] cm/s; P = .027) and DV (median [interquartile range], 47.445 [35.010–60.043] versus 32.565 [27.545–39.073] cm/s; P = .020) were significantly related to the risk of NEC. In the logistic analysis including gestational age, PSV, and DV, NEC was significantly associated with gestational age (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.644 [0.456–0.908]; P = .012) and DV (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.144 [1.058–1.237]; P < .01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the DV was 0.768, with sensitivity 0.875 and specificity 0.604. The cutoff value of the DV was 34.835 cm/s.ConclusionsFrom this single‐center study, we can see the promising value of Doppler ultrasound for the prediction of NEC, but further research is needed.