bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Screening for Mutants with Altered Seminal Root Numbers in Hexaploid Wheat Using a High-Throughput Root Phenotyping Platform
Authors: Shorinola Oluwaseyi , Kaye Ryan , Golan Guy , Peleg Zvi , Kepinski Stefan , Uauy Cristobal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Roots are the main channel for water and nutrient uptake in plants. Optimization of root architecture provides a viable strategy to improve nutrient and water uptake efficiency and maintain crop productivity under water-limiting and nutrient-poor conditions. We know little, however, about the genetic control of root development in wheat, a crop supplying 20% of global calorie and protein intake. To improve our understanding of the genetic control of seminal root development in wheat, we conducted a high-throughput screen for variation in seminal root number using an exome-sequenced mutant population derived from the hexaploid wheat cultivar Cadenza. The screen identified seven independent mutants with homozygous and stably altered seminal root number phenotypes. One mutant, Cadenza0900, displays a recessive extra seminal root number phenotype, while six mutants (Cadenza0062, Cadenza0369, Cadenza0393, Cadenza0465, Cadenza0818 and Cadenza1273) show lower seminal root number phenotypes most likely originating from defects in the formation and activation of seminal root primordia. Segregation analysis in F2 populations suggest that the phenotype of Cadenza0900 is controlled by multiple loci whereas the Cadenza0062 phenotype fits a 3:1 mutant:wild-type segregation ratio characteristic of dominant single gene action. This work highlights the potential to use the sequenced wheat mutant population as a forward genetic resource to uncover novel variation in agronomic traits, such as seminal root architecture.
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Öğretmeni Adaylarının Etkinlik Geliştirme Süreçlerinde Kazanım Seçimi ve Uyumu
Authors: BAŞ Bayram , UCUZSATAR Nil 
Published: July 2019

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı dersleri
öğrenme alanları doğrultusunda yapılandırmacı yaklaşım ekseninde ve etkinlik
yaklaşımı aracılığı ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu sebeple dersin öğretmen
adaylarının ders planı geliştirebilmeleri için öğrenme alanlarına göre ve
kazanımlara uygun olarak etkinlik hazırlayabilmeleri beklenmektedir. Bu araştırmada
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı öğretmeni adaylarının öğrenme alanları doğrultusunda
hazırladıkları etkinliklerde tercih ettikleri kazanımlar ve bu kazanımların
etkinlik süreci ile uyumunu tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel
araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma
grubunu Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı öğretmeni adayı olan ve 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim
yılında Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde Pedagojik Formasyon
Eğitimi programı kapsamında Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri dersi alan 30 kişi
oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmadaki inceleme nesneleri çalışma grubundaki öğretmen
adayları tarafından hazırlanmış okuma, yazma ve sözlü iletişim
(dinleme/konuşma) etkinlikleridir. Öğretmen adaylarından etkinlik
geliştirebilmeleri için ortaöğretim 100 temel eser içerisinden istedikleri bir
örneği seçmeleri ve etkinliğe yönelik eğitim ortamlarında bu örneklerden
yararlanmaları istenmiştir. Eser seçme, kazanım seçme ve sınıf düzeyi belirleme
hususlarında öğretmen adayları serbest bırakılmıştır. Doküman incelemesi ile
toplanan veriler içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Etkinlik süreci ile kazanımların uyumu üç
alan uzmanı tarafından “uyumlu”, “kısmen uyumlu” ve “uyumsuz” olarak
değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının kazanım
seçimlerinde ve kazanımları etkinlik süreciyle eşleştirmede sınırlı oldukları
belirlenmiştir. 4 saatlik bir içeriği olan özel öğretim yöntemleri dersini alan
öğretmen adaylarının öğrenme alanlarını tanıyabilmeleri ve bu doğrultuda
etkinlik geliştirebilmeleri için Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı eğitimine yönelik
farklı dersler de almaları gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Fetomaternal outcome in caesarean section at full dilatation
Authors: Gupta Kavita , Garg Apurva 
Published: July 2019

Background: To study indications, intraoperative and postoperative complications and fetomaternal outcome in cesarean sections done at full dilatation.Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study which was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, RNT medical college, Udaipur from November 2018 to April 2019. 100 cases of caesarean sections at full dilatation which were performed during this period were analyzed for indications and maternal and fetal morbidity.Results: Among these 100 cesarean sections, majority of cases were in the age group of 21-30 years (46%), booked and Primigravida(81%).Most common indications were cephalo-pelvic disproportion (27%) and fetal distress (21%). Most commonly baby was delivered either by vertex (44%) or by Patwardhan (31%). Intraoperative complications were higher in terms of hematuria in 41%, Atonic PPH in 35%, uterine incision extension in 28% of cases. In one case bladder injury was noticed. Increased incidence of post-operative febrile illness and wound infection were noted. 44% baby’s required nursery admission, most commonly due to birth asphyxia (16%) and RDS (11%).Conclusions: Cesarean section in the 2nd stage of labor is associated with significantly increased maternal morbidity, Neonatal morbidity and mortality. So proper monitoring during labor and involvement of skilled obstetrician in decision making and delivery is crucial to minimize fetomaternal complications.
Compare the effect of amniotomy and oxytocin infusion in duration of labour
Authors: Jyothi Katta , Shakunthala Senadhipathi 
Published: July 2019

Background: Labour is a unique experience in a women’s life, it is a physiological but painful event. It is a dynamic and continuous process which cumulates in the birth of a healthy baby followed by expulsion of the placenta and the membranes. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of amniotomy and oxytocin in terms of duration of labour, mode of delivery and maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: A non-randomized comparative study of accelerating effect of oxytocin and amniotomy has been studied, in the age group of 19-30 years, who are admitted in obstetric ward 200 primigravidae were studied out of which 100 belongs to control group and 100 study group.Results: In the study series 93 cases had labour lasting less than 4 hours when compared to only. The mean total duration of labour is reduced in study group with a difference of 204 minutes. Quantity and duration of blood loss is significantly less in study group when compared to control group. There was no significant difference in terms of mode of delivery, maternal and foetal outcome between the two groups.Conclusions: Oxytocin infusion combined with amniotomy is safe and effective in accelerating the first and second stage of labour in apparently normal cases. No statistically significant adverse effects were noted with oxytocin infusion and amniotomy.
A study evaluating knowledge of and attitude towards hepatitis B among pregnant women at a teaching hospital in Nellore, India.
Authors: Munivenkatappa Swetha , Govindaraj Srinivas M. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Hepatitis B infection is a common and preventable infection in India. Mother to child transmission is the most common method of infection in our country. Awareness regarding hepatitis B among pregnant women is important to take preventive measures like screening during pregnancy, vaccination of child. Studies evaluating knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards hepatitis B among the pregnant women in our country are sparse.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted to evaluate KAP towards hepatitis B among pregnant women was conducted after handing over an information hand-out. Data was collected using a standard questionnaire with three sections: i) Demographic data ii) Knowledge questions iii) Attitude and Practice questions. Results: 42% of the 350 participants were aware about hepatitis B infection. The mean knowledge score was 6.33 (±2.86). Only 33.3% were aware that hepatitis B is transmitted by unprotected sex and 8.2% were knowledgeable of mother to child transmission. The mean attitude/practice score was 2.97 (±1.69). Only 30% would insist on safe equipment and blood/blood products. 84% would hesitate to have casual contact with hepatitis B infected persons. Most feared the stigma associated with hepatitis b infection than its health consequences. 70% would vaccinate their child to prevent hepatitis B infection. Women with greater knowledge about hepatitis B had better attitude/practice towards its prevention.Conclusions: Knowledge about HBV among pregnant women was poor and needs to be improved to prevent mother to child transmission. Educational programs need to be tailored for the target population for better uptake.
Elective versus emergency caesarean section: differences in maternal outcome
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Acharya Rajiv , Pehal Yashika , Sharma Bhawna 
Published: July 2019

Background: Caesarean section is a life-saving surgical procedure when certain complications arise during pregnancy or labour. The use of CS worldwide has increased worldwide unprecedented levels although the gap between higher- and lower-resource settings remains. The present study evaluates the difference in maternal outcome in elective versus emergency caesarean sections in our institute.Methods: The study included first 65 cases of emergency caesarean section (group A) and during the study period, first 65 elective caesarean section (group B) if they fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Various intra operative and postoperative events were recorded which included intra operative complications, postpartum haemorrhage and transfusion indices.Results: The most common indication of caesarean section in group A was fetal distress (27.7%). In group B most caesarean sections were classified under 5 followed by class 6, the most common indication being previous caesarean section (27.6%). It was observed that pre-operative mean haemoglobin in group A was 10.6 g/dl and in group B was 11.2g/dl. A drop of 1.36 g/dl in group A and 1.10 g/dl in group B was observed in the post-op period. Cross match / transfusion ratio 1.5 in group A and 2 in group B, transfusion probability ratio was 60 % in group A and 66.7% in group B and transfusion index was 1 in group A and group B. There was significantly higher contraception acceptance in group B compared to group A.Conclusions: Elective caesarean section has more favourable maternal outcome as compared to emergency caesarean section as the former is done under controlled and planned circumstances. However, there should be stringent audit to scrutinise indication of caesarean section, outcome of caesarean and blood transfusion practices.
A study of prevalence, severity, stages, conception rate and associated problems in patients with endometriosis
Authors: Y. Swapna , Yousuf Ali Asma Mohammed 
Published: July 2019

Background: Endometriosis should be suspected in women with sub-infertility, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia or chronic pelvic pain. However, these symptoms can also be associated with other diseases. Endometriosis may be asymptomatic even in some women with more advanced disease. The objective of this study was to prevalence, severity, stages, conception rate and associated problems in patients with endometriosisMethods: Present study was retrospective and prospective study from January 2007 to September 2012 which included 200 infertile patients who underwent laparoscopy and were diagnosed with endometriosis in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Owaisi Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Results: Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 18-25 years i.e. 45.5%. The most common symptom with which the women presented to the hospital was abnormal uterine bleeding seen in 26% of the cases. Out of total cases, 64% had primary infertility and remaining i.e. 36% had secondary infertility. Ovarian endometrioma was seen in 22% of the cases. Majority of the patients had dysmenorrheal in 62% of the cases. Majority were found out to be present in the stage one or minimal endometriosis i.e. they constituted 78 women which amounted at 39% of the total cases. As the severity of the endometriosis increased, the symptomatic relief rate after laparoscopy decreased. As the severity of the endometriosis increased, the conception rate following laparoscopic laser fulguration decreased. As the severity of the endometriosis increased, the requirement for ART increased.Conclusions: Laparoscopy is considered to be better than laparotomy since there is less morbidity and less adhesions and tissue trauma.
Focussed antenatal care a possible opportunity towards safe motherhood
Authors: A. Sunkad M. , Kadakol Rajeshwari , Shetty Darshit , B. Javali S. , Dhamankar Satish 
Published: July 2019

Background: The Primary Health Care Setting gives a challenging opportunity for the clinicians to deal with pregnancy into favorable outcomes solely based on the clinical skills in view of innumerable socio-cultural-economic barriers. The Pregnant women make satisfactory progress- to full term, deliver with minimal morbidity, no loss of life and healthy baby-How to ensure? This is the objectives of our study. Suppose Obstetricians spare time, use checklist, Prioritize and provide care will it make any difference in saving mothers? Objectives: Describe in detail the process of Focused Antenatal Care as practiced in Primary Health Care setting and Minimize mortality and morbidity due to pregnancy by 25 percent from 169. (Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR 169).Methods: This is a community based descriptive, prospective, cohort study about a group of pregnant women till their delivery, using multiple cluster random sampling of 251 high risk pregnant women and subsequent follow up over 3 months with focused care. Compilation of data and analysis using SPSS Version 20.Results: Total Study participants 251 represented all the sections of target population with regard to socio-economic and cultural background. The participants attended FANC giving a response rate of 100%. These participants had one or more risk factor. All but 10 participants attended 4 or more FANC clinic visits 241 (96%). In these participants the commonest manageable morbid conditions are underweight (20%), anaemia (14%) preeclampsia (8%), eclampsia (2%) and gestational diabetes. In our finding 87% mothers completed full term pregnancy, 11.5% preterm (>28 but < 37 weeks) while 1.5% Post term. There were 241 live births, 87% Baby weight > 2.5Kg, 13% Baby weight < 2.5 Kg. with an average of 2.9Kg.Conclusions: We are able to describe the Focused ANC and able to help improve the quality of life and to minimize morbidity and mortality in pregnant women.
Evaluation of Podocalyxin level in pre-eclampsia with severe features' patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amin Ahmed F. , Abou-Taleb Hisham , Gamal Mustafa , Thabet Marwa M. , Azoz Nashwa , Abbas Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2019

Background: This study aims to evaluate the level of podocalyxin (PCX) in preeclampsia with severe features patients and correlate it with the results of laboratory tests.Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional study conducted in Assiut Women Health Hospital between April and October 2018. The study included 60 patients divided into two groups; Group (A): 30 patients diagnosed to have preeclampsia with severe features and Group (B): 30 patients as normal control group. Complete laboratory investigations with measurements of the PCX level was performed for all study participants.Results: No statistically significant difference between the study group and control group according to blood urea (p= 0.339) and serum creatinine (p= 0.801).There was statistically significant difference between the study group and control group according to PCX level (p= 0.001); the mean PCX was 3340.0 ± 2394.6 in the study group versus 1083.5±1400.2 in the control group. Univariate analysis revealed podocalyxin was not correlated with clinical data or laboratory investigations.Conclusions: Podocalyxin levels were significantly elevated in preeclampsia.
The comparison of the efficacy of intra-peritoneal instillation along with local infiltration with bupivacaine versus placebo for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic tubal ligation
Authors: Kakade Aniket S. , Dudam Naval , Panchanadikar Tushar M. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Intra-peritoneal instillation of local anesthetics has been shown to minimize post-operative pain after laparoscopic surgeries. The present study was undertaken with the following aim to compare the efficacy of intra-peritoneal instillation and local infiltration with bupivacaine versus placebo for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic tubal ligation. To correlate the advantages and side effects of the drugs during the procedure. To establish a protocol for the use of bupivacaine instillation and infiltration for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic tubal ligation.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital attached to a teaching medical institute. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained for this randomized control study (double blind) including 50 women who will be divided in two groups. Group A will be administered intra-peritoneal bupivacaine along with local infiltration. Group B will be administered normal saline. Post-operative pain will be monitored by a blind observer and rescue analgesia will be administered at visual analogue score of 3.Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to age and BMI. The mean duration of analgesia in Group A with bupivacaine was 315.60±79.9 min (Median 300 min). The mean duration of analgesia in Group B with normal saline was 138.20±46.97 min (Median 150 min, p value <0.001).Conclusions: The study depicts a significant pain relief after use of bupivacaine. Bupivacaine instillation in the peritoneal cavity along with local infiltration of the drug gives prolongs pain relief as compared to normal saline.
Ovarian teratomas: clinicopathological study at tertiary care center
Authors: Jagtap Sunil Vitthalrao , Kshirsagar Nitin S. , Jagtap Shubham S. , Boral Saswati , Nasre Nitesh 
Published: July 2019

Background: Teratomas are belonging to a group of germ cell tumors. It is also referred to as dermoid cyst. Teratomas are most common germ cell tumor of the ovary. Teratomas are composed of various histological types. In this article we are presenting various morphological patterns, its clinical manifestation and its clinical significance.Methods: This is prospective study for a period of 3 years from March 2016 to February 2019 at tertiary care hospital. It consists of total evaluation of 82 cases of ovarian lesions which were surgically excised for clinically or radiologically suspected of ovarian neoplasm.Results: A total of 82 cases of ovarian specimen were included out of which 18 cases were of ovarian teratoma. In these 17 cases were benign teratomas, 1 case of immature teratoma. All the cases of mature teratoma were predominantly of cystic type with focal solid areas. Right sided ovary was involved in44.5% cases while left sided in 55.5% cases. The tumor size ranges from 2.5 cm to 20.8 cms. The age range in this study was from 20 to 60 year. The common age observed for ovarian teratoma was in group of 31-40 years, having 6 cases. The clinically most of cases were asymptomatic or presented with unexplained abdominal pain or palpable mass. USG finding in most of cases were diffuse or partial echogenic mass lesion with cystic nature and echogenic bands.Conclusions: In our study showed mature cystic teratoma is the most common type of ovarian teratomas. The immature and monodermal types are rare. The histopathological examination plays important role in final diagnosis and patient management.
Dysmenorrhea among students in Yaounde, Cameroon: associated factors and socio-cultural aspects
Authors: Fouedjio Jeanne Hortence , Fouelifack Florent Ymele , Fouogue Jovanny Tsuala , Etame Lionel , Fouelifa Loic Dongmo , Mbu Robinson Enow 
Published: July 2019

Background: Dysmenorrhea is very common disorder. It affects the quality of life and is the main cause of school absenteeism’s among teenagers. The goal of this study was to determine socio-cultural aspects of dysmenorrhea among students in Yaounde and factors associated with it.Methods: Authors carried out a cross sectional analytic study in 2 secondary schools and a higher institute in Yaounde, from December 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018 (7 months). Authors included all students aged at least 15, in form 5 and above. In the higher institute, sampling was consecutive, while it was stratified into 2 clusters in the secondary schools. Odds ratios were determined to assess association between variables and P-value ˂0.05 was considered significant.Results: Of the 1059 participants, 800 had dysmenorrhea (prevalence: 75.5%). Mean age was 18.88±3.62 years (range: 15-45 years). Family history of dysmenorrhea (OR: 4.20 (95% CI: 3.02-5.83)) and stress ((OR: 2.16 (95% CI: 1.55 - 3.02)) were significantly associated with dysmenorrhea. A duration of menses ≤3 days was protective ((OR: 0.31 (95% CI: 0.12-0.82)). Dysmenorrhea remains a taboo for 23.6% of participants.Conclusions: Family history of dysmenorrhea and stress are risk factors for dysmenorrhea which remains a taboo for almost a fourth of affected women. Authors recommend educating women about dysmenorrhea and control psycho-social stress.
A case report on IgA nephropathy in pregnancy
Authors: Anand Nupur , Gokhale A. V. , Agarwal Shonali 
Published: July 2019

IgA Nephropathy is a primary glomerular disease leading cause of primary glomerulonephritis and one of the important leading cause of secondary hypertension. Pregnancy causes complex pathological changes in patients with IgA nephropathy affecting the renal function leading to secondary hypertension which in turn affects the prognosis of these patients. The association between chronic kidney disease and increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes which includes pre-eclampsia, accelerated decline in renal function, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm delivery and fetal death, is well recognised. Management of patients with IgA Nephropathy in pregnancy is challenging and thus authors are discussing here a case with successful outcome. Our patient was a known case of IgA Nephropathy and landed up with complications during pregnancy which was manged successfully.