bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essay on spillovers from advanced economics (AE) to emerging economics (EM) during the global financial crisis
Authors: Akinsola Foluso Abioye 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the bond market linkages between emerging markets (EM) and advanced markets (AM) yields by estimating yield equations for EMs as a function of AM yields and illustrating the quantitative macroeconomic effects on EMs of global yield shocks in a multi-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling model.

Design/methodology/approach
The research used a monthly sample of 45 advanced and EM economies covering the period 1998Q1 to 2010Q6. In this paper, the authors have shown that, indeed, there is a spillover effect from AD to EM countries and that most transmission channels, although they vary in significance, are all economically relevant. The main results of the paper underline the importance of international spillover across countries in the financial market. The strongest international transmission of shocks to EM is from the USA and the UK.

Findings
The authors find evidence that shocks in the volatility index and commodity fuels have a positive and significant impact on EM bond yield. Moreover, shocks in three-month US treasury bills, credit default swap, the London gold price and the Brent petrol price have a significant negative impact on EM bond yield. Finally, the result shows that global external shocks are found to be significant in determining bond yield and causing spillover into the EM.

Originality/value
These findings are especially important for policy makers in understanding the transmission of shocks in the bond market across different countries, as well as for risk management.
Modeling the impact of Basel III regulations on loan demand
Authors: Swamy Vighneswara 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide an econometric modeling of demand for bank credit and not only offer useful insights to the decision-makers in the public and private sector but also support researchers and analysts in recognizing the determinants of lending in a major dynamic economic context.Design/methodology/approachThis study addresses the “supply-versus-demand-puzzle” by using a demand relationship and model loan demand as a function of interest rates and economic activity that may also capture supply effects. Loan demand modeled as a function of interest rates and economic activity not only represents a demand relationship but also captures supply effects. Using the generalized methods of moments estimation, the estimations are made robust to heteroskedasticity and/or autocorrelation of unknown form. GMM–Time series (HAC) option extends the robustness by using the weighting matrix that is robust to the contemporaneous correlation of unknown form to the autocorrelation of unknown form.FindingsIn a bank-dominated financial system like India, lending rates play a significant role in the transmission of monetary policy, as well as triggering and controlling loan demand and thereby exercising a pervasive effect on the output in the economy. The estimates indicate that the elasticity of loan demand is largely determined by the lending rate (0.6) and the economic activity (0.688). For one percentage point increase in capital ratio, the loan spread would rise by 31.4 basis points, which in turn would cause an increase of 18.8 basis points in loan demand assuming that risk-weighted assets are unchanged.Originality/valueThis is the first of its kind studying a banking system dominated emerging economy. Second, this study is based on a rich data set covering the period from 1979 to 2012, than other papers did, to capture the long-run association involving credit booms and busts and, thus, helps in avoiding the problem of estimation spanning the dominance of either boom or the bust alone. With a newer approach for quantification of the impacts of new regulatory standards, this study offers novel insights for the estimation of lending spreads.
Investigating the antecedents of work disengagement in the workplace
Authors: Aslam Usman , Muqadas Farwa , Imran Muhammad Kashif , Rahman Ubaid Ur 
Published: February 2018

PurposeOrganizations are keenly interested to find out the causes of work disengagement that are harmful to achieve desired level of performance. Antecedents and levels of work disengagement vary across organizations and sectors due to differences in organizational culture. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the antecedents of work disengagement in the public sector organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe research data were obtained from 303 employees of the public sector organizations using the self-administered questionnaires and cluster sampling technique. The research model proposed in this study has been examined by using the regression analysis and Hayes’s (2013) guidelines for moderation.FindingsIt is found that work disengagement increases because of managers’ personal preferences, unfairness, above the rule practices, negative political influence, work overload, and a lack of accountability in the workplace. The results reveal a positive association among organizational injustice, organizational politics, work overload, and work disengagement. Moreover, it is also found that organizational injustice is a strongest predictor of work disengagement. Bureaucratic culture of the public sector organizations has a strong strengthening effect on above-stated relationships.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has identified various practical implications related to top management, employees, union, and researchers. The study provides new avenues for senior managers of the services sector to eradicate the levels of work disengagement by improving fairness and perception of organizational politics in the workplace.Originality/valueThere is rare literature that investigates the link between work disengagement and organizational injustice, organizational politics, and work overload especially in the presence of interactive effects of a bureaucratic culture. Most of the studies on employee disengagement did not use the unbiased and significant sample size so their results cannot be generalized to larger population. Therefore, the current study has aimed to overcome the shortcomings of previous studies and brings a novel conceptual model on work disengagement.
Use balanced scorecard for measuring competitive advantage of infrastructure assets of state-owned ports in Indonesia
Authors: Hamid Nurdjannah 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the balanced scorecard (BSC) for measuring the competitive advantage of infrastructure assets of state-owned port in Indonesia: Pelindo IV, Makassar, Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach
This investigation adopts an explanatory and exploratory qualitative case study method to analyze the effectiveness of the BSC over the strategy management processes. For data collection, the researchers used semi-structured interviews, direct observation and document collection. Data collection was made for a six-month period, which allowed deep knowledge to be gained of the culture and management methods used in Pelindo IV Makassar Branch. Other data collected refer to the company’s documentation and reporting of online media publications. Detailed interview data were the main data sources, allowing the authors to obtain a detailed and holistic understanding of the experience, opinions, and attitudes of the interviewees. Interviews focus on asset management to determine the relationship between various factors. This study adopts an ideal BSC principle (four perspectives) in order to develop a strategic map for infrastructure assets of Pelindo IV.

Findings
The results showed that the management performance of Pelindo IV in the financial sector over the next five years was expected to increase by 3.5 times with the business profit reaching an amount of Rp.1.64 trillium in 2017. In the next five years, the target of the customer’s perspective set was zero complaints and zero claim with waiting time meeting the ideal standard, which is a maximum of one-hour service, and the number of containers were expected to witness an average growth of 30 percent per year; the growth ship traffic visit history showed that the flow of goods increased by 4 percent and the number of passengers was targeted to grow up to 30 percent. A historical growth rate of 6 percent was also expected both for the human resources and personnel scout.

Originality/value
In this paper, the Sobel test was used to test the significance of a mediation effect and balanced scorecard was used for measuring competitive advantage of infrastructure assets of state-owned ports in Indonesia. Previously, no research has been undertaken to examine the relationship between the location of the study and competitive advantage of infrastructure assets in the context of PELINDO IV, Makassar branch, Indonesia.
Endozoochory of aquatic ferns and angiosperms by mallards in Central Europe
Authors: Lovas‐Kiss Ádám , Vizi Balázs , Vincze Orsolya , Molnár V. Attila , Green Andy J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Modern literature on plant dispersal by birds focuses mainly on the importance of frugivory and scatter‐hoarding, yet recent studies show that endozoochory by migratory waterbirds is an important mechanism of long‐distance dispersal for a broad range of plants. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical field studies that identify the plants dispersed by waterbirds in a comprehensive manner. In particular, so far there are no detailed studies of the level of spatial variation in the plant taxa dispersed by a waterbird vector, and no clear demonstration that aquatic ferns can be dispersed by endozoochory. Consequently, we remain ignorant of the networks of dispersal interactions between granivorous waterbirds and plants.

Five sets of faecal samples (total n = 215) were collected from mallards Anas platyrhynchos on autumn migration in the Hevesi‐holm and Balaton regions in Hungary, central Europe. Intact diaspores were extracted, identified and their germinability assessed under standard conditions. The plant communities recorded at different sites were compared with PERMANOVA and other multivariate methods.

Macrospores of the floating watermoss Salvinia natans were recorded in 32 samples, and a total of 16 macrospores germinated, providing the first field demonstration of endozoochory of ferns by birds. Of 21 angiosperm taxa recorded (of which eight germinated), 13 were terrestrial species, although the most abundant taxa were aquatic species such as the alkali bulrush Bolboschoenus maritimus and the sago pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus. Two naturalized alien species, the common fig Ficus carica and the hackberry Celtis occidentalis were also recorded. Only four of the taxa had an endozoochory syndrome. The plant taxa dispersed varied at two different spatial scales, with minor but significant differences between samples from sites separated by less than 1 km, and major differences between the two regions separated by c. 220 km.

Synthesis. This is a unique study of the spatial variation in plants dispersed by endozoochory by a migratory waterfowl species, with a high taxonomic resolution and the first demonstration of avian endozoochory of ferns. We recorded eight taxa not previously reported as dispersed by mallards, showing how more empirical studies are essential, so we can understand which plants are dispersed by migratory birds. We found evidence that networks of interactions between granivorous waterbird vectors and dispersed plants vary spatially.
Divergent monetary policies and international dollar credit: Evidence from bank‐level data
Authors: He Dong , Wong Eric , Ho Kelvin , Tsang Andrew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper uses a comprehensive and detailed bank‐level data set to study how the divergence of central bank balance sheet policy in the US vis‐à‐vis the euro area and Japan would affect the supply of international US dollar loans by global banks. Our empirical findings support the view that the contractionary effect of US monetary normalization on global dollar liquidity would be offset by an expansionary effect from continued supply of US dollar loans by euro area and Japanese banks. The net effect, however, is crucially dependent on the stability of global foreign exchange markets and investor perceptions of the default risks of global banks. Our findings show that there could be a significant contraction of the supply of international US dollar loans if and when the US monetary normalization coincides with a dislocation of the FX swap market and a rise of bank default risks. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications and different data sets.
How Can West African Rice Compete in Urban Markets? A Demand Perspective for Policymakers
Authors: Fiamohe Rose , Demont Matty , Saito Kazuki , Roy‐Macauley Harold , Tollens Eric 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn West Africa, rice produced locally falls short of meeting the demand and preferences of urban consumers. We analyzed the challenges facing local rice in urban markets and identified policies that can be implemented to improve the competitiveness of the regional rice sector. We argue that without addressing the demand side of the value chain, efforts on the supply side might fall short in reducing import dependency. Evidence suggests that while imported rice has easy access to urban markets, local rice faces more challenges in reaching urban consumers. The low market share of local rice in urban markets is in part due to consumers’ dislike of local rice as it is perceived as being of inferior quality relative to imported rice. Local rice also tends to fetch lower prices. The experimental studies reviewed suggest, however, that urban consumers are willing to pay price premiums for local rice if its quality is upgraded. We propose a two‐stage policy sequence: (i) encouraging investment in quality upgrading; (ii) gradually increasing the Common External Tariff (CET) from 10 to 35 per cent to increase cost‐competitiveness of West African rice relative to imported rice. To stabilise and finance the sector, we further advocate the establishment of a flat‐rate levy on the value of rice imports.
Do predictors of smoking relapse change as a function of duration of abstinence? Findings from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia
Authors: Yong Hua‐Hie , Borland Ron , Cummings K. Michael , Partos Timea 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsTo estimate predictors of time to smoking relapse and test if prediction varied by quit duration.DesignLongitudinal cohort data from the International Tobacco Control Four‐Country survey with annual follow up collected between 2002 and 2015.SettingCanada, United States, United Kingdom and Australia.ParticipantsA total of 9171 eligible adult smokers who had made at least one quit attempt during the study period.MeasurementsTime to relapse was the main outcome. Predictor variables included pre‐quit baseline measures of nicotine dependence, smoking and quitting‐related motivations, quitting capacity and social influence, and also two post‐quit measures, use of stop‐smoking medications and quit duration (1–7 days, 8–14 days, 15–31 days, 1–3 months, 3–6 months, 6–12 months, 1–2 years and 2+ years), along with socio‐demographics.FindingsAll factors were predictive of relapse within the first 6 months of quitting but only wanting to quit, quit intentions and number of friends who smoke were still predictive of relapse in the 6–12‐month period of quitting [hazard ratios (HR) = 1.20, P < 0.05; 1.13, P < 0.05; and 1.21, P < 0.001, respectively]. Number of friends smoking was the only remaining predictor of relapse in the 1–2 years quit period (HR = 1.19, P = 0.001) with none predictive beyond the 2‐year quit period. Use of stop‐smoking medications during quit attempts was related negatively to relapse during the first 2 weeks of quitting (HR = 0.71–0.84), but related positively to relapse in the 1–6‐month quit period (HR = 1.29–1.54). Predictive effects of all factors showed significant interaction with quit duration except for perceiving smoking as an important part of life, prematurely stubbing out a cigarette and wanting to quit.ConclusionsAmong adult smokers in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia, factors associated with smoking relapse differ between the early and later stages of a quit attempt, suggesting that the determinants of relapse change as a function of abstinence duration.
Connections and Context in Finance Research
Authors: Harford Jarrad 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss my view of how research in corporate finance has, over time, added more context to our study of corporate activities. This has involved progressively moving from seminal event studies that provided the unconditional price response to an event, to using firm characteristics to condition the response, to industry and eventually network effects. I emphasize the potential of network analysis to substantially increase our understanding of the motivations, implications, and value effects of corporate activities. I further point to examples in the literature where this has been successful and provide some thoughts on future directions.
Development and validation of the mastocytosis activity score
Authors: Siebenhaar F. , Sander B. , Ho L. H. T. , Ellrich A. , Maurer M. , Weller K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundMastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a clonal expansion of mast cells in various organs. The vast majority of patients suffer from signs and symptoms caused by mediator release from mast cells. Although the disease burden is high, there is currently no specific and validated instrument to measure and monitor signs and symptoms in patients with mastocytosis.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a disease‐specific tool to measure and monitor the activity of signs and symptoms in patients with mastocytosis, the Mastocytosis Activity Score (MAS).MethodsNineteen potential MAS items were developed in a combined approach consisting of semi‐structured patient interviews, expert input and literature research. Item selection was performed by impact analysis with 76 patients followed by a review for face validity. The resulting MAS was tested for validity, reliability and influence factors. In parallel, a US American English version of the MAS was developed.ResultsA total of 68 mastocytosis patients took part in the MAS validation study. The final 9‐item MAS was found to have a three‐domain structure (“skin,” “gastrointestinal tract” and “other”), a valid total score and an excellent test‐retest reliability. Multiple regression analysis revealed that disease duration, age or gender is not a significant determinant of the MAS results.ConclusionsThe MAS is a disease‐specific, valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome measure for adult patients with cutaneous and indolent systemic mastocytosis. It may serve as a valuable tool to measure and monitor mastocytosis activity, both, in clinical trials and in routine care.
Do substantial BMI reduction episodes among Swedish schoolchildren have any impact on their final height?
Authors: Nilsen Bente B. , Yngve Agneta , Werner Bo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThis study investigated whether substantial body mass index (BMI) reductions in Swedish schoolchildren aged seven years to 19 years, caused by disease, healthy or unhealthy behaviour, had any impact on their final height.MethodsWe used height and weight data on 6572 subjects from two nationally representative longitudinal samples of Swedish children born in 1973 and 1981. These provided information on their final height and any BMI reduction episodes.ResultsOf the 6572 subjects (50.9% boys), among individuals with information on final height, 1118 had a BMI reduction of 5% and <10%, and 346 had at least one substantial BMI reduction of 10% or more. On a group level, there was no statistically significant difference in the final height of individuals with BMI reductions of 10% or more and those without. The findings were independent of age and the subject's BMI at the start of the reduction episode. However, there were a number of cases where a substantial BMI reduction probably had an impact on the subject's final height.ConclusionOur study found no evidence that a substantial BMI reduction had any impact on final height on a group level, but further analyses of specific case studies are necessary to determine whether substantial BMI reduction might have an impact on final height.
Using anaerobic blood cultures for infants younger than 90 days rarely showed anaerobic infections but increased yields of bacterial growth
Authors: Gross Itai , Gordon Oren , Benenson Shmuel , Abu Ahmad Wiessam , Shimonov Amir , Hashavya Saar , Eventov‐Friedman Smadar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThe use of anaerobic blood cultures in infants suspected of bacteraemia is controversial. Our children's hospital uses both aerobic and anaerobic media, regardless of the risk of anaerobic infection, and the aim of this study was to re‐evaluate the use of anaerobic cultures in infants.MethodsWe collected retrospective data from 2002 to 2016 on all blood cultures taken from infants younger than 90 days in the Hadassah‐Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel. The incidence and characteristics of infants with positive anaerobic blood cultures were assessed.ResultsDuring the study period, 51 035 blood cultures were drawn from 44 304 infants. Of these, 1496 (2.9%) were clinically significant positive cultures. Pathogenic obligatory anaerobic bacteraemia was extremely rare, with only 37 positive cultures (0.07%) from all of the cultures drawn. No specific risk factors for obligatory anaerobic bacteraemia could be defined, but as many as 174 (11.6%) clinically significant isolates were only detected in the anaerobic culture bottle.ConclusionTrue anaerobic bacteraemia was extremely rare in neonates. Nevertheless, using anaerobic culture media may increase the overall yield of bacterial culture growth by isolating anaerobic‐facultative bacteria. This should be weighed up against increasing the volume of blood used for the aerobic culture.