bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Weeds Overtopping Soybean or Adzuki Bean Be Mechanically Pulled to Reduce Their Seed Input?
Authors: Simard Marie-Josée , Page Eric R. , Nurse Robert E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTall weeds escaping early weed management, such as weeds resistant to one or multiple herbicides, are an increasing concern. When weeds reach a certain size, few options other than hand weeding will limit the production and dispersal of seeds. The objective of this project was to evaluate the efficacy of the Bourquin Organic Weed Puller® (a rotating series of wheels that grab and pull) at removing tall weeds before they shed seeds in soybean and adzuki bean. Trials were set up in Canada at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada research farms at Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (SJR), QC (2 yr), and Harrow (HAR), ON (1 yr), on a loamy and a sandy soil, respectively. The experimental design included crops of different potential heights (different soybean cultivars and adzuki bean), two weed species per location (common lambsquarters [both locations] and common ragweed or redroot pigweed at HAR), and two pulling dates. The set-up also included weedy and herbicide-treated control plots. Weeds overtopping the crop canopy by at least 10 cm were tagged and characterized. Damage from the weed puller was rated as 1, pulled (desired effect); 2, cut; 3, folded; 4, stripped; and 5, intact. The seed production of damaged and intact weeds was also recorded. Less than one-third of common ragweed or redroot pigweed plants were pulled during any treatment combination. The highest pulling rates were observed for common lambsquarters at SJR (43%), but very few were pulled at HAR (3.1% max). Pulling rates were not high enough to potentially control seed inputs from herbicide-resistant populations, and successfully pulled common lambsquarters left on the ground produced thousands of viable seeds.
Studies on Seed biology, Distribution, and Chemical Control of Smellmelon (Cucumis melovar. agrestis Naudin): An Invasive Weed
Authors: Noor-Ziarat Reza , Rezvani Mohammad , Bagherani Naser , Grichar W. James 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSmellmelon is an invasive weed in the Golestan and Mazandran provinces of Iran. In a series of experiments, germination of freshly harvested seeds, cardinal temperatures, plant burial depth, and distribution and chemical control of smellmelon were evaluated to assist us in developing a management program to help growers manage this weed more effectively. The optimal seed germination temperature was estimated at 32.7 C by a two-piece segmented model. Mature fresh seeds of smellmelon exhibited no dormancy, whereas mucilage of the seed negatively affected germination. The greatest seed sowing depth from which seedlings emerged was 5 cm. Geographical distribution of smellmelon occurred up to an elevation of 350 m above sea level, whereas the density of smellmelon decreased at elevations higher than 151 m. Imazethapyr reduced plant growth and the reproductive capacity of smellmelon. Germination of seed from smellmelon plants treated with imazethapyr was significantly reduced compared with seed treated with bentazon or bentazon plus acifluorfen. A combination of tillage of deeper than 5 cm, early planting time, and the use of imazethapyr can reduce smellmelon competition in various field crops.
Synoptic and Mesoscale Mechanisms Drive Winter Precipitation δ18O/δ2H in South‐Central Alaska
Authors: Bailey Hannah L. , Klein Eric S. , Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMeasurements of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes in precipitation (δ18OP and δ2HP) provide a valuable tool for understanding modern hydrological processes and the empirical foundation for interpreting paleoisotope archives. However, long‐term data sets of modern δ18OP and δ2HP in southern Alaska are entirely absent, thus limiting our insight and application of regionally defined climate‐isotope relationships in this proxy‐rich region. We present and utilize a 13‐year‐long record of event‐based δ18OP and δ2HP data from Anchorage, Alaska (2005–2018, n = 332), to determine the mechanisms controlling precipitation isotopes. Local surface air temperature explains ~30% of variability in the δ18OP data with a temperature‐δ18O slope of 0.31 ‰/°C, indicating that δ18OP archives may not be suitable paleo‐thermometers in this region. Instead, back‐trajectory modeling reveals how winter δ18OP/δ2HP reflects synoptic and mesoscale processes in atmospheric circulation that drive changes in the passage of air masses with different moisture sources, transport, and rainout histories. Specifically, meridional systems—with either northerly flow from the Arctic or southerly flow from the Gulf of Alaska—have relatively low δ18OP/δ2HP due to progressive cooling and removal of precipitation as it condenses with altitude over Alaska's southern mountain ranges. To the contrary, zonally derived moisture from either the North Pacific and/or Bering Sea retains relatively high δ18OP/δ2HP values. These new data contribute a better understanding of the modern Alaska water isotope cycle and provide an empirical basis for interpreting paleoisotope archives in context of regional atmospheric circulation.
Knowledge and perception about dental implants among undergraduate dental students
Authors: Sharma Arati , Chaudhari Bijay Kumar , Shrestha Bidhan , Suwal Pramita , Parajuli Prakash Kumar , Singh R. K. , Niraula Surya Raj 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Awareness about dental implants is increasing among dental patients, which demands a higher level of competence for dental students. So, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and perception of undergraduate dental students about dental implants.

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted after taking ethical clearance and approval from the Institutional Review Committee of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences and informed consent from each dental college of Nepal. The sample included all those students who were present at the time of survey. Data collection were carried out during the academic schedules of the colleges, supervised, and monitored by the investigators themselves. Collected data were coded, entered in Microsoft excel 2013 and descriptive analysis was carried out.

Results
A majority of the total (54.6%) and 59.2% of 5th year respondents perceived to be moderately well-informed about dental implants. The main advantage of dental implants was thought to be longevity by 53.1% of total and 48.4% of 5th year students; only 27.6% of the total and 42.2% of 5th year students said the main advantage of dental implants is they are more conservative than other tooth-replacement modalities. Highest percentage of the total respondents (31.9%) said most important factor for implant success to be implant type and material, whereas 59.8% of 5th year students said case selection. Those who felt dental implants require additional oral hygiene maintenance and care by the patient and dentist were 58.4% of total and 75.1% of 5th year students. Over two-thirds (67.5%) of total thought that economic feasibility will limit use of dental implants in Nepal. The difficulty encountered to place implants was perceived to be average by 56.8% of total and 58.1% of 5th year. There were differences in the perception and knowledge at different academic levels, but not as expected.

Conclusions
It could not be concluded that knowledge about dental implants increased with increase in academic level. Even at the late-clinical year a majority of students gave unsatisfactory responses.
The trimeric autotransporter adhesin BadA is required for in vitro biofilm formation by Bartonella henselae
Authors: Okaro Udoka , Green Ryan , Mohapatra Subhra , Anderson Burt 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBartonellahenselae (Bh) is a Gram-negative rod transmitted to humans by a scratch from the common house cat. Infection of humans with Bh can result in a range of clinical diseases including lymphadenopathy observed in cat-scratch disease and more serious disease from persistent bacteremia. It is a common cause of blood-culture negative endocarditis as the bacterium is capable of growing as aggregates, and forming biofilms on infected native and prosthetic heart valves. The aggregative growth requires a trimeric autotransporter adhesin (TAA) called Bartonella adhesin A (BadA). TAAs are found in all Bartonella species and many other Gram-negative bacteria. Using Bh Houston-1, Bh Houston-1 ∆badA and Bh Houston-1 ∆badA/pNS2PTrcbadA (a partial complement of badA coding for a truncated protein of 741 amino acid residues), we analyze the role of BadA in adhesion and biofilm formation. We also investigate the role of environmental factors such as temperature on badA expression and biofilm formation. Real-time cell adhesion monitoring and electron microscopy show that Bh Houston-1 adheres and forms biofilm more efficiently than the Bh Houston-1 ∆badA. Deletion of the badA gene significantly decreases adhesion, the first step in biofilm formation in vitro, which is partially restored in Bh Houston-1 ∆badA/pNS2PTrcbadA. The biofilm formed by Bh Houston-1 includes polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA components and is susceptible to enzymatic degradation of these components. Furthermore, both pH and temperature influence both badA expression and biofilm formation. We conclude that BadA is required for optimal adhesion, agglutination and biofilm formation.
Midbrain tectal stem cells display diverse regenerative capacities in zebrafish
Authors: Lindsey Benjamin W. , Aitken Georgia E. , Tang Jean K. , Khabooshan Mitra , Douek Alon M. , Vandestadt Celia , Kaslin Jan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHow diverse adult stem and progenitor populations regenerate tissue following damage to the brain is poorly understood. In highly regenerative vertebrates, such as zebrafish, radial-glia (RG) and neuro-epithelial-like (NE) stem/progenitor cells contribute to neuronal repair after injury. However, not all RG act as neural stem/progenitor cells during homeostasis in the zebrafish brain, questioning the role of quiescent RG (qRG) post-injury. To understand the function of qRG during regeneration, we performed a stab lesion in the adult midbrain tectum to target a population of homeostatic qRG, and investigated their proliferative behaviour, differentiation potential, and Wnt/β-catenin signalling. EdU-labelling showed a small number of proliferating qRG after injury (pRG) but that progeny are restricted to RG. However, injury promoted proliferation of NE progenitors in the internal tectal marginal zone (TMZi) resulting in amplified regenerative neurogenesis. Increased Wnt/β-catenin signalling was detected in TMZi after injury whereas homeostatic levels of Wnt/β-catenin signalling persisted in qRG/pRG. Attenuation of Wnt signalling suggested that the proliferative response post-injury was Wnt/β-catenin-independent. Our results demonstrate that qRG in the tectum have restricted capability in neuronal repair, highlighting that RG have diverse functions in the zebrafish brain. Furthermore, these findings suggest that endogenous stem cell compartments compensate lost tissue by amplifying homeostatic growth.
Fluorescent Pseudomonas -FAP2 and Bacillus licheniformis interact positively in biofilm mode enhancing plant growth and photosynthetic attributes
Authors: Ansari Firoz Ahmad , Ahmad Iqbal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCompatible interaction between commonly used plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in biofilm mode in vitro and in the rhizosphere is expected to provide better understanding for the development of effective consortium. With the above hypothesis, the present study evaluated two characterized PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens FAP2 and Bacillus licheniformis B642) for their biofilm-related functions using standard protocols. The interaction between the FAP2 and B642 in planktonic mode was studied by plate spot/overlay method and competitive growth assessment. Biofilm development on a microtitre plate and a glass surface was studied by standard methods. Biofilm formation was characterized by SEM. Rhizosphere and rhizoplane colonization of wheat seedlings by both isolates individually and by co-inoculation was studied by determining CFU/g of soil/root samples. Biofilm development on the root surface was further analyzed by SEM. Both isolates demonstrated multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) traits (production of IAA, siderophore, and ammonia; phosphate solubilization) and biofilm-related functions such as production of EPS, alginate, cell surface hydrophobicity and swarming motility. Both strains formed strong biofilms on a glass cover slip in vitro. Interaction between the two strains under the planktonic mode revealed no antagonism in terms of growth inhibition and competitive growth kinetics. Similarly, FAP2 and B642 strains formed a mixed biofilm on a glass cover slip as well as on seedling roots. Wheat rhizosphere and rhizoplane were colonized by both isolates as evidenced from their viable counts in single and co-inoculation. The effect of single and co inoculation revealed the significant enhancement of vegetative growth and photosynthetic parameters such as chlorophyll content, transpiration rate (E), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), and net photosynthetic rate (PN) and leaf water potential (LWP) as compared to uninoculated control. Indigenous Pseudomonas fluorescens FAP2 strain and Bacillus licheniformis B642 are compatible PGPR in both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth and threfore could be developed effective consortium of PGPR. Further indepth investigation is required to understand molecular mechanism of the interaction in biofilm mode of growth under natural condition.
Intrinsic Thermal conductivities of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Zulfiqar Muhammad , Zhao Yinchang , Li Geng , Li ZhengCao , Ni Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe successful synthesis of the single to few layer transition metal dichalcogenides has opened a new era in the nanoelectronics. For their efficient implementations in the electronic devices while taking care of their overheating issues, the characterization of their thermal transport properties is extremely vital. So, we have systematically investigated the thermal transport properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) by combining the first-principles calculations with Boltzmann transport equation. We find that monolayer WTe2 possesses the lowest lattice thermal conductivity κL (33:66 Wm−1K−1 at 300 K) among these six semiconducting materials, in contrast to the highest κL (113:97 Wm−1K−1 at 300 K) of WS2 among them. Further analyses reveal that the higher (lower) anharmonic and isotopic scatterings together with the lower (higher) phonon group velocities lead to the lowest (highest) value of κL in WTe2 (WS2) monolayer. In addition, we have also calculated the cumulative thermal conductivity κC as a function of mean free path, which indicates that the nanostructures with the length of about 400 nm would reduce κL drastically. These results offer important understanding from thermal conductivity point of view to design the 2D transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) electronics.
Effects of tillage and straw return on water-stable aggregates, carbon stabilization and crop yield in an estuarine alluvial soil
Authors: Song Ke , Zheng Xianqing , Lv Weiguang , Qin Qin , Sun Lijuan , Zhang Hanlin , Xue Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn China, the average soil organic carbon (SOC) content of cultivated land is 30% less than the world average. Therefore, cultivation management-induced changes in SOC dynamics are necessary, especially in estuarine alluvial islands, where the SOC stocks are limited. We studied the effect of different combinations of tillage, fertilization and straw return on C distribution in different soil aggregates and on crop yield on an estuarine alluvial soil in eastern China. Compared to conventional tillage, conservation tillage (no-tillage coupled with straw return) increased water-stable large macroaggregates (>2 mm) by 35.18%, small macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm) by 33.52% and microaggregates by 25.10% in the topsoil (0–20 cm). The subsoil (20–40 cm) also showed the same trend. Compared to conventional tillage without straw return, large and, small macroaggregates and microaggregates in conservation tillage were increased by 24.52%, 28.48% and 18.12%, respectively. Straw return also caused a significant increase in aggregate-associated carbon (aggregate-associated C). No-tillage coupled with straw return had more total aggregate-associated C within all the aggregate fractions in the topsoil. But the different is that conventional tillage with straw return resulted in more aggregate-associated C than conservation tillage in the subsoil. No-tillage combined with straw return (T8) produced the highest carbon preservation capacity (CPC) of macroaggregates and microaggregates in the topsoil. A considerable proportion of the SOC was found to be stocked in the small macroaggregates under both topsoil (74.56%) and subsoil (67.09%). The CPC was highest (19.17 g·kg−1) in small macroaggregates. However, no-tillage and straw return had less potential to sustain crop yield than did the conventional tillage practices; with the average rice and wheat yield correspondingly decreased by 10.63% and 7.82% in three years.
The Nuclear Receptor and Clock Repressor Rev-erbα Suppresses Myogenesis
Authors: Chatterjee Somik , Yin Hongshan , Li Weini , Lee Jeongkyung , Yechoor Vijay K. , Ma Ke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRev-erbα is a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor and a key repressor of the molecular clock transcription network. Accumulating evidence indicate that the circadian clock machinery governs diverse biological processes in skeletal muscle, including muscle growth, repair and mass maintenance. The physiological function of Rev-erbα in myogenic regulation remains largely unknown. Here we show that Rev-erbα exerts cell-autonomous inhibitory effects on proliferation and differentiation of myogenic precursor cells, and these actions concertedly inhibit muscle regeneration in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal Rev-erbα direct transcriptional control of two major myogenic mechanisms, proliferative pathway and the Wnt signaling cascade. Consistent with this finding, primary myoblasts lacking Rev-erbα display significantly enhanced proliferative growth and myogenic progression. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of Rev-erbα activity attenuates, whereas its inhibition by an antagonist promotes these processes. Notably, upon muscle injury, the loss-of-function of Rev-erbα in vivo augmented satellite cell proliferative expansion and regenerative progression during regeneration. Collectively, our study identifies Rev-erbα as a novel inhibitory regulator of myogenic progenitor cell properties that suppresses postnatal myogenesis. Pharmacological interventions to dampen Rev-erbα activity may have potential utilities to enhance regenerative capacity in muscle diseases.
Cell Cycle-Dependent Expression of Bk Channels in Human Mesenchymal Endometrial Stem Cells
Authors: Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin Vladislav I. , Sudarikova Anastasia V. , Shilina Mariia A. , Vasileva Valeria Y. , Grinchuk Tatiana M. , Lyublinskaya Olga G. , Nikolsky Nikolai N. , Negulyaev Yuri A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe study of ion channels in stem cells provides important information about their role in stem cell fate. Previously we have identified the activity of calcium-activated potassium channels of big conductance (BK channels) in human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs). BK channels could have significant impact into signaling processes by modulating membrane potential. The membrane potential and ionic permeability dynamically changes during cycle transitions. Here, we aimed at verification of the role of BK channels as potassium transporting pathway regulating cell cycle passageway of eMSCs. The functional expression of native BK channels was confirmed by patch-clamp and immunocytochemistry. In non-synchronized cells immunofluorescent analysis revealed BK-positive and BK-negative stained eMSCs. Using cell synchronization, we found that the presence of BK channels in plasma membrane was cell cycle-dependent and significantly decreased in G2M phase. However, the study of cell cycle progression in presence of selective BK channel inhibitors showed no effect of pore blockers on cycle transitions. Thus, BK channel-mediated K+ transport is not critical for the fundamental mechanism of passageway through cell cycle of eMSCs. At the same time, the dynamics of the presence of BK channels on plasma membrane of eMSCs can be a novel indicator of cellular proliferation.
Stereotypical patterns of epileptiform calcium signal in hippocampal CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus and entorhinal cortex in freely moving mice
Authors: Zhang Xin , Qiao Zhihong , Liu Nannan , Gao Lili , Wei Liangpeng , Liu Aili , Ma Zengguang , Wang Feifei , Hou Shaowei , Li Jisheng , Shen Hui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEpilepsy is a multi-etiological brain dysfunction syndrome. Hippocampal neuronal damage induced by seizures may be one of the causes leading to cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. The kainic acid (KA) model of temporal lobe epilepsy is widely used in understanding of the epileptogenesis. Fiber photometry is a signal detection technology suitable for recording calcium activity of neurons in the deep brain of freely moving animal. Here, we used the optical fiber-based method to monitor the real-time neuronal population activities of freely moving mice after subcutaneous injection of KA. We observed that KA administration led to one to three kinds of stereotypical patterns of epileptiform calcium activity in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, as well as the entorhinal cortex (EC). There were three kinds of waves in the hippocampal CA1, which we named wave 1, wave 2 and slow flash. Wave 1 and wave 2 appeared in both the CA3 and DG regions, but the EC only showed wave 1. In these epileptiform calcium signals, we observed a high amplitude and long duration calcium wave as a part of wave 2, which resembled cortical spreading depression (CSD) and always appeared at or after the end of seizure. Because the same characteristic of epileptiform calcium signal appeared in different brain regions, calcium signal may not exist with region specificity, but may exhibit a cell type specific manner. Thus, our work provides a support for the pathogenesis of epilepsy and epileptiform signal transmission research.