bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal Multisite Pain and Patterns of Association After Adjusting for Sleep, Physical Activity, and Screen Time in Adolescents
Authors: Silva Anabela G. , Couto Pedro Sá , Queirós Alexandra , Neto Maritza , Rocha Nelson P. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design.
Cross-sectional.

Objective.
This study aims to describe how pain at multiple body sites is associated after controlling for other predictive factors such as age, sex, sleeping hours, time spent in physical activity, and time spent in screening based activities in adolescents aged 13 to 19 years.

Summary of Background Data.
The prevalence of multisite pain in adolescents is high, but studies investigating the patterns of association between painful body sites are scarce.

Methods.
Pain for the last 3 months was assessed using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. In addition, data on time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity, sleeping, and in screen based activities were also assessed.

Results.
In univariable analysis of associations, there is a significant association between most painful body sites (odds ratio [OR\ between 1.52 and 3.73, P < 0.05). After controlling for age, sex, physical activity, sleep and screen time, most of the previous associations remain significant (OR between 1.50 and 3.07, P < 0.05).

Conclusion.
This study's results seem to suggest that pain at one body site is more important in determining multiple painful body sites than demographic or lifestyle factors. Longitudinal studies exploring the association and chronology of multisite pain are needed.

Level of Evidence: 3
Private Versus Medicaid Patients Referred to Developmental Behavioral Pediatricians: Do They Differ? A DBPNet Study
Authors: Stein Ruth E. K. , Silver Ellen J. , Augustyn Marilyn C. , Blum Nathan J. , High Pamela , Roizen Nancy J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT:

Background:
It is unknown how insurance status affects elements of evaluation at developmental behavioral (DB) pediatric sites.

Objective:
To compare DB referrals, evaluation, and treatment for children with Medicaid and private insurance.

Design/Methods:
Fifty-six developmental behavioral pediatricians at 12 sites recorded anonymous data on structured forms for ≤15 consecutive referrals. Children with Medicaid (n = 309) and private insurance (n = 393) were compared on sociodemographic factors, referral concerns, evaluation elements, and resulting diagnoses. All significant bivariate findings were verified in multivariable models controlling for site and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results:
Those with Medicaid were significantly less likely to be white (30% vs 63%) and to have parents who went beyond high school (50% vs 92%) and who spoke English (89% vs 97%) (all p < 0.001). Referral sources were similar, except that fewer children with Medicaid were self-referred (12% vs 22%; p < 0.01). Both groups presented with multiple concerns, ∼3/child, especially speech and language delays, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Children with Medicaid tended to present more often with concerns about other behavior problems (14% vs 7%; p = 0.05). Wait times to appointments were similar (∼20 weeks), and visits were over 2 hours in length. Only 1 of 92 services and recommendations differed significantly.

Conclusion:
There were few differences in care, but most DB patients presented with multiple concerns and had complex evaluations. Regardless of the insurance type, they experienced long wait times that may be detrimental to therapeutic outcomes.
Risk Factors at Birth Predictive of Subsequent Injury Among Japanese Preschool Children: A Nationwide 5-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Morioka Hisayoshi , Itani Osamu , Jike Maki , Nakagome Sachi , Otsuka Yuichiro , Ohida Takashi 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To identify risk factors at birth that are predictive of subsequent injury among preschool children.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of population-based birth cohort data from the “Longitudinal Survey of Babies Born in the 21st Century” was performed from 2001 through 2007 in Japan (n = 47,015). The cumulative incidence and the total number of hospitalizations or examinations conducted at medical facilities for injury among children from birth up to the age of 5 years were calculated. To identify risk factors at birth that are predictive of injury, multivariate analysis of data for hospitalization or admission because of injury during a 5-year period (age, 0–5 years) was performed using the total number of hospital examinations as the dependent variable.

Results:
The cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval) of hospital examinations for injury over the 5-year period was 34.8% (34.2%–35.4%) for boys and 27.6% (27.0%–28.2%) for girls. The predictive risk factors at birth we identified for injury among preschool children were sex (boys), heavy birth weight, late birth order, no cohabitation with the grandfather or grandmother, father's long working hours, mother's high education level, and strong intensity of parenting anxiety.

Conclusion:
Based on the results of this study, we identified a number of predictive factors for injury in children. To reduce the risk of injury in the juvenile population as a whole, it is important to pursue a high-risk or population approach by focusing on the predictive factors we have identified.
Management of High-energy Avulsive Ballistic Facial Injury: A Review of the Literature and Algorithmic Approach
Authors: Vaca Elbert E. , Bellamy Justin L. , Sinno Sammy , Rodriguez Eduardo D. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
High-energy avulsive ballistic facial injuries pose one of the most significant reconstructive challenges. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate management trends and outcomes for the treatment of devastating ballistic facial trauma. Furthermore, we describe the senior author’s early and definitive staged reconstructive approach to these challenging patients.

Methods:
A Medline search was conducted to include studies that described timing of treatment, interventions, complications, and/or aesthetic outcomes.

Results:
Initial query revealed 41 articles, of which 17 articles met inclusion criteria. A single comparative study revealed that early versus delayed management resulted in a decreased incidence of soft-tissue contracture, required fewer total procedures, and resulted in shorter hospitalizations (level 3 evidence). Seven of the 9 studies (78%) that advocated delayed reconstruction were from the Middle East, whereas 5 of the 6 studies (83%) advocating immediate or early definitive reconstruction were from the United States. No study compared debridement timing directly in a head-to-head fashion, nor described flap selection based on defect characteristics.

Conclusions:
Existing literature suggests that early and aggressive intervention improves outcomes following avulsive ballistic injuries. Further comparative studies are needed; however, although evidence is limited, the senior author presents a 3-stage reconstructive algorithm advocating early and definitive reconstruction with aesthetic free tissue transfer in an attempt to optimize reconstructive outcomes of these complex injuries.
A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRACTION OF DROPPED BROKEN HAPTICS OF HARD POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENS
Authors: Elwan Mohamed Mamdouh 
Published: March 2018

Background/Purpose:
To report a novel technique for extraction of dropped haptics of hard posterior chamber intraocular lens.

Methods:
A 58-year-old woman had undergone cataract extraction, and while implanting the posterior chamber intraocular lens it was dislocated in the anterior vitreous, and the cataract surgeon, tried to remove it by the anterior approach, but he succeeded to remove the optic part only, leaving the haptics dropped, then he referred the case after giving topical and systemic medications to control intraocular inflammation and, the case was prepared for pars plana vitrectomy, then injection of perfluorodecaline to keep the haptics away from the posterior pole then by 23 G vitrectomy probe and, the use of vacuum only, the haptics were removed and the perfluorodecaline was removed.

Results:
After extraction of both haptics by 23 G vitrectomy probe, the case was implanted by a hard polymethylmethacrylate posterior chamber intraocular lens on the sulcus, and postoperatively, the inflammatory signs were subsided and her visual acuity was improved, without any posterior segment complications.

Conclusion:
Dropped haptic of hard posterior chamber intraocular lens can be removed successfully with 23 G vitrectomy probe.
Outcomes of Hemi-Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Birbal Rénuka S. , Hsien Shugi , Zygoura Vasiliki , Parker Jack S. , Ham Lisanne , van Dijk Korine , Dapena Isabel , Baydoun Lamis , Melles Gerrit R.J. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
To report the mid-term outcomes of hemi-Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (hemi-DMEK) performed for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Methods:
In this prospective, interventional case series, we evaluated clinical outcomes of 10 eyes from 10 patients who underwent hemi-DMEK for FECD. Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (ECD), central pachymetry, and postoperative complications.

Results:
At 1 year postoperatively, 7/7 eyes (excluding 2 eyes with low visual potential) reached a BCVA of ≥20/40 (≥0.5), 6/7 (86%) ≥20/25 (≥0.8), 4/7 (57%) ≥20/20 (≥1.0), and 2/7 (29%) 20/17 (≥1.2). BCVA remained stable until 2 years postoperatively (P ≥ 0.05) and further improved thereafter (P < 0.05). Mean ECD decreased from 2740 (±180) cells/mm2 preoperatively to 850 (±300) cells/mm2 (n = 9) at 1 year (P ≤ 0.05) and showed an annual decrease of on average 6% to 7% thereafter (P ≥ 0.05 between consecutive follow-ups). Pachymetry decreased from preoperatively 745 (±153) μm to 533 (±63) μm (n = 9) and 527 (±35) μm (n = 8) at 1 and 3 years postoperatively, respectively. Within the first 6 postoperative months, 4/10 eyes underwent rebubbling for visually significant graft detachment. One eye received secondary circular DMEK for persistent graft detachment 1 month postoperatively; another eye developed secondary graft failure 2.5 years postoperatively, and 1 eye was suspected for an allograft reaction 1.5 years postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Hemi-DMEK may render visual outcomes comparable to those achieved by conventional DMEK. Despite low ECD counts by 6 months, ECD levels remain fairly stable thereafter. Hence, hemi-DMEK may become a potential alternative technique for treatment of FECD while increasing the yield of the endothelial tissue pool.
Location of Disc Hemorrhage and Direction of Progression in Glaucomatous Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Han Jong Chul , Kee Changwon 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the relationship between glaucomatous disc hemorrhage (DH) location with respect to the nasal or temporal margin of the retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD) and the direction of RNFLD widening.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with any documented episode of glaucomatous DH throughout the follow-up period, and definite RNFLD widening on retinal nerve fiber layer photographs were analyzed. The location of DH was recorded as either nasal or temporal, and the direction of RNFLD widening was investigated. The laterality of DH location on the RNFLD border and the direction of RNFLD widening were correlated with each other. We also compared clinical parameters between eyes with nasal versus temporal margin DHs.

Results:
We analyzed 123 eyes from 116 patients with definite widening of the RNFLD and glaucomatous DH at the border between the healthy and damaged retinal nerve fiber layer. The most common diagnosis was normal-tension glaucoma (109, 87.9%). The most frequent location of DH was the temporal margin of an inferotemporal RNFLD (75, 61.0%), and the most frequent pattern of change in RNFLD was temporal widening (89, 72.4%). The absolute congruency was 82.9% and the total congruency was 99.2%. No significant differences were identified between eyes with nasal versus temporal margin DHs.

Conclusions:
The lateral location of DH on the RNFLD border was highly congruent with the direction of RNFLD widening. This correspondence of laterality between DH development and progression of RNFLD may suggest an intimate structural relationship during the pathogenesis of DH, at the enlarging RNFLD border.
Temporal dynamics of pain: an application of regime-switching models to ecological momentary assessments in patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Junghaenel Doerte U. , Ono Masakatsu , Stone Arthur A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdvances in pain measurement using ecological momentary assessments offer novel opportunities for understanding the temporal dynamics of pain. This study examined whether regime-switching models, which capture processes characterized by recurrent shifts between different states, provide clinically relevant information for characterizing individuals based on their temporal pain patterns. Patients with rheumatic diseases (N = 116) provided 7 to 8 momentary pain ratings per day for 2 weekly periods, separated by 3 months. Regime-switching models extracted measures of Average pain (mean level over time), Amplitude (magnitude of shifts in pain levels), Persistence (average duration of pain states), and Dominance (relative duration of higher vs lower pain states) for each patient and assessment period. After controlling for Average pain, the Persistence of pain states uniquely predicted emotional functioning measures, whereas the Dominance of higher pain uniquely predicted physical functioning and pain interference. Longitudinal analyses of changes over the 3 months largely replicated cross-sectional results. Furthermore, patients' retrospective judgments of their pain were uniquely predicted by Amplitude and Dominance of higher pain states, and global impressions of change over the 3 months were predicted by changes on Dominance, controlling for Average pain levels. The results suggest that regime-switching models can usefully capture temporal dynamics of pain and can contribute to an improved measurement of patients' pain intensity.
Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Lower-Limb Tendinopathy
Authors: Liao Chun-De , Tsauo Jau-Yih , Chen Hung-Chou , Liou Tsan-Hon 
Published: March 2018

Objective
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, including radial shock wave and focused shock wave types, is widely used for managing tendinopathies. The difference in efficacy between the 2 shock wave characteristics with different dosage levels remains controversial, and the purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine it for patients with lower-limb tendinopathy.

Design
A comprehensive search of online databases and search engines was performed. This study included randomized controlled trials reporting the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in treating lower-limb tendinopathy. The included randomized controlled trials were subjected to a meta-analysis and risk of bias assessment.

Results
In total, 29 randomized controlled trials were included, all of which had a good methodological quality, with a PEDro score of ≥6/10. General extracorporeal shock wave therapy showed significant effects at the immediate follow-up [pain score: standardized mean difference = −1.41, 95% confidence interval = −2.01 to −0.82, P < 0.00001; function: standardized mean difference = 2.59, 95% confidence interval = 1.54 to 3.64, P < 0.00001] as well as at 3, 6, and ≥12 months. In sequence, high-dosage focused shock wave, high-dosage radial shock wave, and low-dosage radial shock wave had superior pooled effects on overall clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy exerted a positive overall effect on pain and function for lower-limb tendinopathy. Shock wave types and dosage levels may have different contributions to treatment efficacy.

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Describe benefits of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for individuals with lower-limb tendinopathy; (2) Understand the impact of dosing and type of extracorporeal shock wave therapy has on treatment efficacy; and (3) Identify appropriate indications for incorporating extracorporeal shock wave therapy into the treatment plan for patients with lower-limb tendinopathy.

Level
Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Measuring genetic differentiation from Pool-seq data
Authors: Hivert Valentin , Leblois Raphël , Petit Eric J. , Gautier Mathieu , Vitalis Renaud 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe recent advent of high throughput sequencing and genotyping technologies enables the comparison of patterns of polymorphisms at a very large number of markers. While the characterization of genetic structure from individual sequencing data remains expensive for many non-model species, it has been shown that sequencing pools of individual DNAs (Pool-seq) represents an attractive and cost-effective alternative. However, analyzing sequence read counts from a DNA pool instead of individual genotypes raises statistical challenges in deriving correct estimates of genetic differentiation. In this article, we provide a method-of-moments estimator ofFSTfor Pool-seq data, based on an analysis-of-variance framework. We show, by means of simulations, that this new estimator is unbiased, and outperforms previously proposed estimators. We evaluate the robustness of our estimator to model misspecification, such as sequencing errors and uneven contributions of individual DNAs to the pools. Last, by reanalyzing published Pool-seq data of different ecotypes of the prickly sculpinCottus asper, we show how the use of an unbiasedFSTestimator may question the interpretation of population structure inferred from previous analyses.
Mechanisms for European BatLyssavirussubtype 1 persistence in non-synanthropic bats: insights from a modeling study
Authors: Colombi Davide , Serra-Cobo Jordi , Métras Raphaëlle , Apolloni Andrea , Poletto Chiara , López-Roig Marc , Bourhy Hervé , Colizza Vittoria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundLyssaviruses are pathogens of bat origin of considerable zoonotic concern being the causative agent for rabies disease, however our understanding of their persistence in bat populations remains very scarce.MethodsLeveraging existing data from an extensive ecological field survey characterizingMyotis myotisandMiniopterus schreibersiibat species in the Catalonia region, we develop a data-driven spatially explicit metapopulation model to identify the mechanisms of the empirically observed persistence of European Bat Lyssavirus subtype 1 (EBLV-1), the most common lyssavirus species found in Europe. We consider different disease progressions accounting for lethal infection, immunity waning, and potential cross-species transmission when the two populations share the same refuge along the migratory path ofM. schreibersii.ResultsWe find that EBLV-1 persistence relies on host spatial structure through the migratory nature ofM. schreibersiibats, on cross-species mixing withM. myotispopulation, and on a disease progression leading to survival of infected animals followed by temporary immunity. The higher fragmentation along the northern portion of the migratory path is necessary to maintain EBLV-1 sustained circulation in both species, whereas persistence would not be ensured in the single colony ofM. myotis.Our study provides first estimates for the EBLV-1 transmission potential inM. schreibersiibats and average duration of immunity in the host species, yielding values compatible with previous empirical observations inM. myotisbats.ConclusionsHabitats sharing and the strong spatial component of EBLV-1 transmission dynamics identified as key drivers in this ecological context may help understanding the observed spatial diffusion of the virus at a larger scale and across a diverse range of host species, through long-range migration and seeding of local populations. Our approach can be readily adapted to other zoonotic pathogens of public health concern.
Novel susceptibility loci and genetic regulation mechanisms for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xue Angli , Wu Yang , Zhu Zhihong , Zhang Futao , Kemper Kathryn E , Zheng Zhili , Yengo Loic , Lloyd-Jones Luke R. , Sidorenko Julia , Wu Yeda ,   eQTLGen Consortium, McRae Allan F , Visscher Peter M , Zeng Jian , Yang Jian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with ∼16 million genotyped/imputed genetic variants in 62,892 type 2 diabetes (T2D) cases and 596,424 controls of European ancestry. We identified 139 common and 4 rare (minor allele frequency < 0.01) variants associated with T2D, 42 of which (39 common and 3 rare variants) were independent of the known variants. Integration of the gene expression data from blood (n = 14,115 and 2,765) and other T2D-relevant tissues (n = up to 385) with the GWAS results identified 33 putative functional genes for T2D, three of which were targeted by approved drugs. A further integration of DNA methylation (n = 1,980) and epigenomic annotations data highlighted three putative T2D genes (CAMK1D, TP53INP1 and ATP5G1) with plausible regulatory mechanisms whereby a genetic variant exerts an effect on T2D through epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We further found evidence that the T2D-associated loci have been under purifying selection.