bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of MRI Measurements with Cognitive Outcomes After STN‐DBS in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Weinkle Laura J. , Hoyt Brian , Thompson John A. , Sillau Stefan , Tanabe Jody , Honce Justin , Klepitskaya Olga 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesSubthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) is an effective treatment for improving the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Overall, cognitive function remains stable after STN‐DBS in most patients. However, cognitive decline, specifically in the verbal fluency domain, is seen in a subset of STN‐DBS patients. Currently, predictors of cognitive decline in PD patients treated with STN‐DBS are not well known. Thus, identification of presurgical predictors might provide an important clinical tool for better risk‐to‐benefit assessment. This study explores whether whole brain white matter lesion (WML) volume, or hippocampal and forebrain volumes, measured quantitatively on MRI, are associated with cognitive changes following STN‐DBS in PD patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using presurgical, and ≥ 6‐month postsurgical neuropsychological (NP) evaluation scores from 43 PD patients with STN‐DBS. Mean pre/post NP test scores for measures of executive function, attention, verbal fluency, memory, and visuospatial function were analyzed and correlated with WML volume, and brain volumetric data.ResultsAlthough cognitive measures of verbal fluency, executive function, attention, memory, and visuospatial function showed declines following STN‐DBS, we observed limited evidence that white matter lesion burden or cortical atrophy contributed to cognitive change following STN‐DBS.ConclusionsThese results suggest that post‐STN‐DBS cognitive changes may be unrelated to presurgical WML burden and presence of cortical atrophy.
Genetic instability and recurrent MYC amplification in ALK‐translocated NSCLC: a central role of TP53 mutations
Authors: Alidousty Christina , Baar Till , Martelotto Luciano G , Heydt Carina , Wagener Svenja , Fassunke Jana , Duerbaum Nicolai , Scheel Andreas H , Frank Sandra , Holz Barbara , Binot Elke , Kron Anna , Merkelbach‐Bruse Sabine , Ihle Michaela A , Wolf Jürgen , Buettner Reinhard , Schultheis Anne Maria 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement defines a distinct molecular subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the excellent initial efficacy of ALK inhibitors in patients with ALK+ lung cancer, resistance occurs almost inevitably. To date, there is no reliable biomarker allowing the identification of patients at higher risk of relapse. Here, we analysed a subset of 53 ALK+ tumours with and without TP53 mutation and ALK+ NSCLC cell lines by NanoString nCounter technology. We found that the co‐occurrence of early TP53 mutations in ALK+ NSCLC can lead to chromosomal instability: 24% of TP53‐mutated patients showed amplifications of known cancer genes such as MYC (14%), CCND1 (10%), TERT (5%), BIRC2 (5%), ORAOV1 (5%), and YAP1 (5%). MYC‐overexpressing ALK+ TP53‐mutated cells had a proliferative advantage compared to wild‐type cells. ChIP‐Seq data revealed MYC‐binding sites within the promoter region of EML4, and MYC overexpression in ALK+ TP53‐mutated cells resulted in an upregulation of EML4–ALK, indicating a potential MYC‐dependent resistance mechanism in patients with increased MYC copy number. Our study reveals that ALK+ NSCLC represents a more heterogeneous subgroup of tumours than initially thought, and that TP53 mutations in that particular cancer type define a subset of tumours that harbour chromosomal instability, leading to the co‐occurrence of pathogenic aberrations. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Adsorption, desorption and persistence of fomesafen in soil
Authors: Li Xiao , Grey Timothy , Price Katilyn , Vencill William , Webster Theodore 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFomesafen provides control of glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth in cotton but frequent seedling injury has been reported. This study evaluated soil adsorption, desorption, and field persistence of fomesafen.RESULTSThe Freundlich distribution coefficient (Kf) for fomesafen on seven US soils varied from 1.30 to 9.28 µg1–1/n g−1 mL1/n. The pesticide distribution coefficient (Kd) and soil organic carbon normalized adsorption coefficient (KOC) varied from 1.11 to 12.76 mL g−1 and 58 to 1467 mL g−1, respectively. The soils evaluated had desorption rates of 11.06% to 81.31% after a single desorption cycle. Soil pH, organic matter, sand, silt and clay content had a significant impact on fomesafen adsorption and desorption. Fomesafen field half‐lives (DT50) in Cecil sandy loam were 47 and 34 days, compared with 6 and 4 days in Tifton loamy sand when fomesafen was applied at 1× and 2× the label rate, respectively. The fomesafen dissipation rate decreased significantly under low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) mulch compared with bare ground.CONCLUSIONFomesafen soil adsorption to soils was not strong and was affected by multiple soil properties. Fomesafen field persistence varied significantly between soil types and under ground cover. The data suggest that soils with a lower pH and higher clay content are less likely to produce crop injury due to greater fomesafen adsorption. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
G119S ace‐1 mutation conferring insecticide resistance detected in the Culex pipiens complex in Morocco
Authors: Bkhache Meriem , Tmimi Fatim‐Zohra , Charafeddine Omar , Filali Oumama Benabdelkrim , Lemrani Meryem , Labbé Pierrick , Sarih M'hammed 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDArboviruses are controlled through insecticide control of their mosquito vector. However, inconsiderate use of insecticides often results in the selection of resistance in treated populations, so that monitoring is required to optimize their usage. Here, Culex pipiens (West Nile and Rift Valley Fever virus vector) specimens were collected from four Moroccan cities. Levels of susceptibility to the organophosphate (OP) insecticide malathion were assessed using World Health Organization (WHO)‐recommended bioassays. Individual mosquitoes were tested for the presence of the G119S mutation in the ace‐1 gene, the main OP‐target resistance mutation.RESULTSBioassays showed that mosquitoes from Mohammedia were significantly more resistant to malathion than those from Marrakech. Analyzing the ace‐1 genotypes in dead and surviving individuals suggested that other resistance mechanisms may be present in Mohammedia. The ace‐1 resistance allele frequencies were relatively moderate (< 0.4). Their analyses in three Moroccan cities (Tangier, Casablanca and Marrakech) however showed disparities between two coexisting Cx. pipiens forms and revealed that the G119S mutation tends to be more frequent in urban than in rural collection sites.CONCLUSIONThese findings provide a reference assessment of OP resistance in Morocco and should help the health authorities to develop informed and sustainable vector control programs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis, bioactivity and mode of action of 5A5B6C tricyclic spirolactones as novel antiviral lead compounds
Authors: Zhu Yu‐Jie , Wu Qi‐Fan , Fan Zhi‐Jin , Huo Jing‐Qian , Zhang Jin‐Lin , Zhao Bin , Lai Chen , Qian Xiao‐Lin , Ma De‐Jun , Wang Da‐Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant viral diseases cause tremendous decreases in yield and quality. Natural polycyclic compounds such as those containing carbocycles are often very important lead compounds for drug and pesticide development. Tricyclic spiranoid lactones with 5A5B6C‐ring fusion topologies possess various bioactivities. In this study, 33 new 5A5B6C tricyclic spirolactones were rationally designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antiviral activities.RESULTThese compounds showed no apparent toxicity against Italian honeybees up to 2.73 µg bee−1. Spirolactones 14, 16, 19, 23 and 28 at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1 inactivated 90% of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection, making these compounds much more potent than the positive controls. Significantly, compound 19 displayed the best inactivation activity causing inhibition of up to 98%.CONCLUSIONThe results of the bioassays and QSAR studies indicated that the carbon‐containing cyclic moiety was the antiviral pharmacophore, and derivative 19, which showed the best inactivation activity, could emerge as a potential antiviral agent against TMV. In vitro capsid protein (CP) assembly and TMV assembly inhibition determinations indicated that these compounds induced crosslinking in the TMV and prevented its uncoating, which was a putative new mode of action for TMV inactivation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Advances in European agroforestry: results from the AGFORWARD project
Authors: Burgess Paul J. , Rosati Adolfo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In global terms, European farms produce high yields of safe and high quality food but this depends on the use of many off-farm inputs and the associated greenhouse gas emissions, loss of soil nutrients and other negative environmental impacts incur substantial societal costs. Farmers in the European Union receive support through a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) that comprises direct payments to farmers (Pillar I) and payments related to rural development measures (Pillar II). This paper examines the ways in which agroforestry can support European agriculture and rural development drawing on the conclusions of 23 papers presented in this Special Issue of Agroforestry Systems which have been produced during a 4-year research project called AGFORWARD. The project had the goal of promoting agroforestry in Europe and focused on four types of agroforestry: (1) existing systems of high nature and cultural value, and agroforestry for (2) high value tree, (3) arable, and (4) livestock systems. The project has advanced our understanding of the extent of agroforestry in Europe and of farmers’ perceptions of agroforestry, including the reasons for adoption or non-adoption. A participatory approach was used with over 40 stakeholder groups across Europe to test selected agroforestry innovations through field trials and experiments. Innovations included improved grazing management in agroforestry systems of high nature and cultural value and the introduction of nitrogen fixing plants in high value timber plantations and olive groves. Other innovations included shelter benefits for arable crops, and disease-control, nutrient-retention, and food diversification benefits from integrating trees in livestock enterprises. Biophysical and economic models have also been developed to predict the effect of different agroforestry designs on crop and tree production, and on carbon sequestration, nutrient loss and ecosystems services in general. These models help us to quantify the potential environmental benefits of agroforestry, relative to agriculture without trees. In view of the substantial area of European agroforestry and its wider societal and environmental benefits, the final policy papers in this Special Issue argue that agroforestry should play a more significant role in future versions of the CAP than it does at present.
Simulation of stratified flows over a ridge using a lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: Wang Yansen , MacCall Benjamin T. , Hocut Christopher M. , Zeng Xiping , Fernando Harindra J. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA three-dimensional thermal lattice Boltzmann model (TLBM) using multi-relaxation time method was used to simulate stratified atmospheric flows over a ridge. The main objective was to study the efficacy of this method for turbulent flows in the atmospheric boundary layer, complex terrain flows in particular. The simulation results were compared with results obtained using a traditional finite difference method based on the Navier–Stokes equations and with previous laboratory results on stably stratified flows over an isolated ridge. The initial density profile is neutral stratification in the boundary layer, topped with a stable cap and stable stratification aloft. The TLBM simulations produced waves, rotors, and hydraulic jumps in the lee side of the ridge for stably stratified flows, depending on the governing stability parameters. The Smagorinsky turbulence parameterization produced typical turbulence spectra for the velocity components at the lee side of the ridge, and the turbulent flow characteristics of varied stratifications were also analyzed. The comparison of TLBM simulations with other numerical simulations and laboratory studies indicated that TLBM is a viable method for numerical modeling of stratified atmospheric flows. To our knowledge, this is the first TLBM simulation of stratified atmospheric flow over a ridge. The details of the TLBM, its implementation of complex boundaries and the subgrid turbulence parameterizations used in this study are also described in this article.
A critical hermeneutic reflection on the paradigm-level assumptions underlying responsible innovation
Authors: Timmermans Job , Blok Vincent 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe current challenges of implementing responsible innovation (RI) can in part be traced back to the (implicit) assumptions behind the ways of thinking that ground the different pre-existing theories and approaches that are shared under the RI-umbrella. Achieving the ideals of RI, therefore not only requires a shift on an operational and systemic level but also at the paradigm-level. In order to develop a deeper understanding of this paradigm shift, this paper analyses the paradigm-level assumptions that are (implicitly) being brought forward by the different conceptualizations of RI. To this purpose it deploys (1) a pragmatic stance on paradigms that allows discerning ontological and axiological elements shared by the RI community and (2) an accompanying critical hermeneutic research approach that enables the profiling of paradigmatic beliefs and assumptions of accounts of RI. The research surfaces the distance of four salient RI accounts from the currently dominant techno-economic innovation paradigm RI seeks to shift. With this, our contribution helps to raise the self-awareness of the RI community about their presuppositions and the paradigm level barriers and enablers to reaching the RI ideal. This insight is needed for a successful transition to responsible research and innovation practices.
The moderating role of kindness on the relation between trust and happiness
Authors: Jasielska Dorota 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA number of studies show that trust enhances both national and individual happiness. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of kindness in explaining the link between trust and happiness. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the more people believe that they have done for others, the stronger is the link between trust and happiness. Ninety-one students participated in a trust game and then completed measures assessing levels of happiness, trust, and kindness. Results revealed that level of happiness was related to the frequency of acts of kindness and the level of trust showed in a trust game. This finding suggests that while trust alone is associated with happiness, being kind strengthens this relationship. It seems that without prosocial activity people may not derive much happiness from being trusting. Possible explanations for the effects obtained and limitations of the study are discussed.
Structure, Seismicity, and Accretionary Processes at the Hot Spot‐Influenced Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Arnulf A. F. , Harding A. J. , Kent G. M. , Wilcock W. S. D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAxial Seamount is the most volcanically active site of the northeast Pacific, and it has been monitored with a growing set of observations and sensors during the last two decades. Accurate imaging of the internal structure of volcanic systems is critical to better understand magma storage processes and to quantify mass and energy transport mechanisms in the crust. To improve the three‐dimensional velocity structure of Axial Seamount, we combined 469,891 new traveltime arrivals, from 12 downward extrapolated seismic profiles, with 3,962 existing ocean‐bottom‐seismometers traveltime arrivals, into a joint tomographic inversion. Our approach reveals two elongated magma reservoirs, with melt fraction up to 65%, representing an unusually large volume of melt (26–60 km3), which is likely the result of enhanced magma supply from the juxtaposition of the Cobb hot spot plume (0.26–0.53 m3/s) and the Axial spreading segment (0.79–1.06 m3/s). The tomographic model also resolves a subsided caldera floor that provides an effective trap for ponding lava flows, via a “trapdoor” mechanism. Our model also shows that Axial's extrusive section is thinnest beneath the elevated volcano, where anomalously thick (11 km) oceanic crust is present. We therefore suggest that focused and enhanced melt supply predominantly thickens the crust beneath Axial Seamount through diking accretion and gabbro crystallization. Lastly, we demonstrate that our three‐dimensional velocity model provides a more realistic starting point for relocating the local seismicity, better resolving a network of conjugate outward and inward dipping faults beneath the caldera walls.©2018. The Authors.
The Electrical Structure of the Central Main Ethiopian Rift as Imaged by Magnetotellurics: Implications for Magma Storage and Pathways
Authors: Hübert Juliane , Whaler Kathy , Fisseha Shimeles 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Main Ethiopian Rift is part of the East African Rift with its unique geological setting as an active continental breakup zone. The Main Ethiopian Rift includes a number of understudied active volcanoes with potentially high risks for this densely populated part of Ethiopia. Using newly recorded (2016) magnetotelluric data along a 110 km long transect crossing the whole rift, we present a regional 2‐D model of electrical resistivity of the crust. The derived model endorses a previous study that drew the surprising conclusion that there was no highly conductive region associated with a magma chamber directly under the central rift volcano Aluto. This has implications for the estimation of the amount of magma present, its water content, and the storage conditions, as the volcano is actively deforming and results from seismicity and CO2 degassing studies all indicate magma storage at about 5 km depth. Additionally, the existence of a strong conductor under the Silti Debre Zeyt Fault Zone approximately 40 km to the northwest of the rift center is confirmed. It is located with a slight offset to the Butajira volcanic field, which hosts a number of scoria cones at the boundary between the NW plateau and the rift. The magnetotelluric model reveals different electrical structures below the eastern and western rift shoulders. The western border is characterized by a sharp lateral contrast between the resistive plateau and the more conductive rift bottom, whereas the eastern flank shows a subhorizontal layered sequence of volcanic deposits and a smooth transition toward the shoulder.
ICON‐A, The Atmosphere Component of the ICON Earth System Model: II. Model Evaluation
Authors: Crueger T. , Giorgetta M. A. , Brokopf R. , Esch M. , Fiedler S. , Hohenegger C. , Kornblueh L. , Mauritsen T. , Nam C. , Naumann A. K. , Peters K. , Rast S. , Roeckner E. , Sakradzija M. , Schmidt H. , Vial J. , Vogel R. , Stevens B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe evaluate the new icosahedral nonhydrostatic atmospheric (ICON‐A) general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology that is flexible to be run at grid spacings from a few tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers. A simulation with ICON‐A at a low resolution (160 km) is compared to a not‐tuned fourfold higher‐resolution simulation (40 km). Simulations using the last release of the ECHAM climate model (ECHAM6.3) are also presented at two different resolutions. The ICON‐A simulations provide a compelling representation of the climate and its variability. The climate of the low‐resolution ICON‐A is even slightly better than that of ECHAM6.3. Improvements are obtained in aspects that are sensitive to the representation of orography, including the representation of cloud fields over eastern‐boundary currents, the latitudinal distribution of cloud top heights, and the spatial distribution of convection over the Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent. Precipitation over land is enhanced, in particular at high‐resolution ICON‐A. The response of precipitation to El Niño sea surface temperature variability is close to observations, particularly over the eastern Indian Ocean. Some parameterization changes lead to improvements, for example, with respect to rain intensities and the representation of equatorial waves, but also imply a warmer troposphere, which we suggest leads to an unrealistic poleward mass shift. Many biases familiar to ECHAM6.3 are also evident in ICON‐A, namely, a too zonal SPCZ, an inadequate representation of north hemispheric blocking, and a relatively poor representation of tropical intraseasonal variability.
Consolidation of flame hydrolysis deposited silica with a 9.3 µm wavelength CO2 laser
Authors: Gow P.C. , Jantzen A. , Boyd K. , Simakov N. , Daniel J. , Gray A.C. , Gates J.C. , Shardlow P.C. , Smith P.G.R. , Holmes C. 
Published: June 2018

Consolidation of flame hydrolysis deposition silica soot with a 9.3 µm CO2 laser has been demonstrated. A range of laser parameters were investigated and the surface roughness of the resulting silica layers were characterised with a stylus profiler and white light interferometer. The surface roughness parameters were Ra = 68.9 nm, Rq = 83.8 nm perpendicular to the trajectory of the translated laser beam for a speed of 300 mm s−1 and an average laser power of 42.5 W, and Ra = 29.5 nm, Rq = 36.18 nm along the trajectory of the translated laser beam for a speed of 250 mm s−1 and an average laser power of 35.8 W.
An epidemiological investigation to determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of slow-moving finished cattle presented to slaughter facilities1
Authors: Lee Tiffany L , Reinhardt Christopher D , Bartle Steven J , Schwandt Erin F , Calvo-Lorenzo Michelle S , Vahl Christopher , Hagenmaier Jacob A , Ritter Matthew J , Vogel Gary J , Thomson Daniel U 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCattle mobility is routinely measured at commercial slaughter facilities. However, the clinical signs and underlying causes of impaired mobility of cattle presented to slaughter facilities are poorly defined. As such, the objectives of this study were 1) to determine the prevalence of impaired mobility in finished cattle using a 4-point mobility scoring system and 2) to observe clinical signs in order to provide clinical diagnoses for this subset of affected cattle. Finished beef cattle (n = 65,600) were observed by a veterinarian during the morning shift from six commercial abattoirs dispersed across the United States; the veterinarian assigned mobility scores (MS) to all animals using a 1–4 scale from the North American Meat Institute’s Mobility Scoring System, with 1 = normal mobility and 4 = extremely limited mobility. Prevalence of MS 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 97.02%, 2.69%, 0.27%, and 0.01%, respectively. Animals with an abnormal MS (MS &gt; 1) were then assigned to one of five clinical observation categories: 1) lameness, 2) poor conformation, 3) laminitis, 4) Fatigued Cattle Syndrome (FCS), and 5) general stiffness. Of all cattle observed, 0.23% were categorized as lame, 0.20% as having poor conformation, 0.72% as displaying signs of laminitis, 0.14% as FCS, and 1.68% as showing general stiffness. The prevalence of lameness and general stiffness was greater in steers than heifers, whereas the prevalence of laminitis was the opposite (P &lt; 0.05). FCS prevalence was higher in dairy cattle than in beef cattle (0.31% vs. 0.22%, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). These data indicate the prevalence of cattle displaying abnormal mobility at slaughter is low and causes of abnormal mobility are multifactorial.