bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing errors during surgery using an improved Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis model
Authors: Soheylinia Hossein , Sepehri Mohammad Mehdi , Emadaldin Mohsen 
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims Prospective risk management is a necessary measure when managing and providing the right response to a healthcare system error. This article provides an improved model of the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis model, which aims to reduce errors in the operating room and improve on the major defects found in the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis model. Methods The improved model presented in this descriptive mixed-methods article was examined in 2015 on selective processes in total knee replacement in Shahid Madani Hospital's operating rooms in Karaj, Iran. Data were collected through clinical observations, individual and group interviews, and collaborative conversations with the study team. Results A total of 8 activities and 15 modes of failure were identified in 5 selection processes in total knee replacement surgery. The identified modes of failure were given scores. Ultimately, 15 potential causes and 17 measures were proposed for 12 failures. The failure of the ‘unmanaged nurse or the anaesthesia technician in the operating rooms’ had the highest priority, and ‘chest leads’ and a ‘blood pressure cuff placed in the incorrect position’ had the lowest priority. Conclusion The improved model better reported the risk priorities of failures in 9 out of 12 modes. It was also able to resolve major defects in the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis model and produce more reliable results.
Are clinical leads clinical leaders? Optimising primary care-led commissioning and policy making
Authors: Sajid Imran 
Published: August 2019

There is rising demand for general practitioners in the UK to fill leadership roles in clinical commissioning. Function can vary, from providing frontline insights, representing peers or patients, as well as adding credibility, or relationship-building for programme delivery. The term ‘clinical lead’ may, however, be misleading regarding responsibilities, which often lack the authority or strategic tenets defined in leadership. Much of the literature regarding medical managers focuses on single healthcare provider organisations that adopt shop-floor clinicians into a leadership structure. Population commissioning, however, demands additional technical skills in public health, statistical literacy, economics and even ethics, which, while learnable, are not innate to clinicians. Along with biases in the selection of leadership hierarchies, and limitations of traditional project management, further steps are necessary to nurture the competencies for coherent leadership that use implementation science and maximise opportunity for clinician-leaders to bridge the evidence-policy gap. Organisations need to learn to more effectively distribute authority across the political economy of healthcare to appropriate clinical-leaders in policy rather than continued concentrations of executive decision-making. This requires clinicians with the appropriate neutrality and minimum necessary competencies to be selected and developed for population commissioning.
A Legal Debate on Polygamy: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives
Authors: Syamsuddin Sukring 
Published: August 2019

The Islamic texts concerning polygamy in the Qur’an, Hadith, and other sources are still in the state of mujmal which have no strict indication to the precise meaning and instruction. The argument can be debated in multi- interpretation frame. In practice, a lot of muslims tend to generalize the application of law of polygamy. It becomes an interesting issue for some Indonesian muslim due to its close relation to the tendency or desire of men to add his wife. Some of them even believe polygamy as one of the Prophetic way (sunnah). This view can historically be refuted, considering that the Prophet did polygamy after Khadījah, his first wife, died. Another fact is that all of the Prophet’s wives are widows whose husbands died in the battlefield, except ‘Aisyah. In addition, the marriage of the Prophet with these women is a part of the God’s special order. In this case, polygamy is an exclusivity for the Prophet and it cannot be viewed as the Prophetic wagons to be applied by his followers. Here there is a difference in the perspective of classical and contemporary Muslim scholars concerning the issue based on their different views on the word of God in QS. al-Nisa’ (4): 3. In principle, the Qur’an allows but does not advocate polygamy. It is in this perspective that some scholars are divided into those who absolutely allow, allow in emergency, those who have moderate understanding, and some who are strict to be conservative, based on their different analytical and methodological issues.[Nash tentang poligami di dalam al-Qur'an, as-Sunnah dan sumber-sumber lain, sifatnya masih umum (mujmal). Dalilnya bisa diperdebatkan dengan multi tafsir, sehingga dalam praktiknya orang menggunakan hukum poligami secara "pukul rata." Terdorong ingin memberikan pemahaman yang lebih rinci. Poligami menjadi perbincangan menarik sebagian masyarakat Indonesia, menarik karena poligami merupakan salah satu kecederungan atau keinginan laki-laki untuk menambah isterinya. Sebahagian pemahaman umat Islam berpendapat bahwa berpoligami merupakan sunnah Rasul. Poligami tidak bisa dikatakan sebagai sunnah Rasul. Sebab Nabi Muhammad saw berpoligami setelah Khadījah isteri Nabi meninggal dunia. itupun dari sekian isteri Nabi saw hanya ‘Aisyah yang masih perawan selebihnya adalah janda-janda yang di tinggal mati suaminya dalam peperangan, dan perkawinan Nabi saw dengan wanita-wanita tersebut atas perintah Allah swt, poligami merupakan kekhususan bagi Nabi saw, jadi tidak boleh berdalih sunnah Rasul. Disinilah kemudian terjadi perbedaan perspektif ulama klasik dan ulama kontemporer tentang poligami yang didasarkan pandangan mereka terhadap firman Allah swt dalam QS. An-Nisa/4; 3. Pada prinsipnya al-Qur’an membolehkan tapi tidak menganjurkan poligami. Dalam perspektif inilah ada yang membolehkan, ada yang membolehkan secara darurat, ada yang moderat, ada yang ketat (prasyarat), dan yang konservatif masing-masing didasarkan pada kajian analisis dan metodologi yang berbeda-beda.]
Analysis of Playing Area Dimensions in Spanish Professional Soccer: Extrapolation to the Design of Small-Sided Games With Tactical Applications
Authors: Caro Oscar , Zubillaga Asier , Fradua Luis , Fernandez-Navarro Javier 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Caro, O, Zubillaga, A, Fradua, L, and Fernandez-Navarro, J. Analysis of playing area dimensions in Spanish professional soccer: Extrapolation to the design of small-sided games with tactical applications. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2795–2801, 2021—The aims of this study were to examine (a) the width and length dimensions of the playing area in 4v4 situations during competition, (b) the influence of the pitch zone where the ball is on 4v4 dimensions, and (c) the influence of match status on the dimensions of 4v4 situations. Data were collected from 25 matches from the Spanish La Liga of the 2007–2008 season using the Amisco system. Length, width, and individual playing area (IPA) of the rectangle that included the nearest 4 players to the ball from each team were collected in a total of 8,727 4v4 game situations. The pitch zone and match status were also considered for these 4v4 situations. To determine factors that affect 4v4 game situations, 1-way analysis of variance was used. The influence of the pitch zone where 4v4 situations took place showed significant differences (p < 0.001) between the zones where different principles of the game apply. The areas of the 4v4 situations ranged from 14.70 ± 4.69 × 17.18 ± 6 to 17.09 ± 5.16 × 20.34 ± 5.93 m, and the IPA of the 4v4 playing rectangle ranged from 46.33 ± 20 to 35.48 ± 16.95 m2, being larger in the central zones of the pitch. The length of the 4v4 rectangle showed a significant reduction in the closer zones to the goal. Match status did not affect the dimensions of these 4v4 game situations significantly. The findings of this study suggest that the size of 4v4 situations proposed for training should be designed according to the pitch zone where playing actions take place.
The Influence of Upper- and Lower-Body Maximum Strength on Swim Block Start, Turn, and Overall Swim Performance in Sprint Swimming
Authors: Keiner Michael , Wirth Klaus , Fuhrmann Stefan , Kunz Matz , Hartmann Hagen , Haff G. Gregory 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Keiner, M, Wirth, K, Fuhrmann, S, Kunz, M, Hartmann, H, and Haff, GG. The influence of upper- and lower-body maximum strength on swim block start, turn, and overall swim performance in sprint swimming. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2839–2845, 2021—Maximum strength and speed strength are 2 major factors that determine a swimmer's performance, including swim start and turn performance, which directly impacts overall swim sprint performance. Nevertheless, data regarding the relationship between swimming performance and maximum strength are not consistent. Specifically, there are minimal data examining the relationship between maximal strength levels, start and turn performances in the scientific literature. This study was designed to determine the relationship between strength and specific markers of swim performance. Therefore, 14 moderate trained swimmers (male; 17.5 ± 1.6 years; mass: 70.2 ± 4.8 kg; height: 181.9 ± 5.7 cm) were tested for maximum strength in back squat and bench press, squat and countermovement jump performance, tethered swimming and swim performance (50- and 100-m crawl sprint, where start and turn performances were also analyzed). A multiple regression analysis was performed using the maximum strength data as predictors of 15-m start performance and swimming power. Furthermore, bivariate Pearson correlation analyses were used to assess the relationship between the strength and power variables and the swim variables. Maximum strength in the bench press and squat explained 50–65% of the performance variance in swimming power and start performance and 45–62% of the performance variance in 50-/100-m swimming performance. The results of this study demonstrated that maximum strength of the upper and lower limbs and jump height were strongly related to sprint swim performance. Therefore, maximum strength in squat and bench press should be included in strength tests, and that swimmers should incorporate lower- and upper-body strength and power training into their training schedule.
Changes in Torque-Angle Profiles of the Hamstrings and Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Ratio After Two Hamstring Strengthening Exercise Interventions in Female Hockey Players
Authors: Delextrat Anne , Bateman James , Ross Chris , Harman John , Davis Lois , Vanrenterghem Jos , Cohen Daniel D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDelextrat, A, Bateman, J, Ross, C, Harman, J, Davis, L, Vanrenterghem, J, and Cohen, DD. Changes in torque-angle profiles of the hamstrings and hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio after two hamstring strengthening exercise interventions in female hockey players.J Strength Cond Res34(2): 396–405, 2020—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 hamstring strengthening interventions (Nordic hamstrings [NHE] vs. eccentric leg curl [ELC]) on the hamstring torque-angle profiles and functional hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (Hecc:Qcon) in female hockey players. Female university-level players were randomly allocated to an NHE group (n= 9, 19.7 ± 1.4 years; 168.4 ± 4.4 cm; 66.2 ± 7.2 kg, 26.0 ± 4.4%), an ELC group (n= 8, 19.5 ± 1.0 years; 168.1 ± 3.4 cm; 66.7 ± 4.5 kg, 24.8 ± 3.5%), or a control (C) group (n= 8, 19.6 ± 1.4 years; 169.9 ± 7.5 cm; 70.7 ± 13.0 kg, 25.9 ± 5.2%). They performed baseline isokinetic concentric strength tests of the quadriceps (Qcon) and eccentric strength of the hamstrings (Hecc) at 120°·s−1, followed by a 6-week intervention with exercises (NHE or ELC) performed 3 times weekly, before post-tests. Analyses of variance with repeated measures were used to assess the effects of knee position angle (from 90° of knee flexion to 10° close to extension), group, and time on Qcon, Hecc, and Hecc:Qcon. There were no interactions between independent variables. Significant increases in Heccand Hecc:Qconwere shown after NHE (+29.9 and +27.8%) and ELC (+30.5 and +38.3%) in the nondominant leg only. Furthermore, significant shifts in the hamstring eccentric angle of peak torque toward a longer muscle length were shown in both legs (14.3–28.6%). These findings suggest that NHE and ELC both resulted in significant improvements in peak and muscle-length–specific neuromuscular risk factors in the nondominant (ND) limb, thereby reducing interlimb peak strength asymmetries. Strength and conditioning specialists could therefore use both the NHE and ELC exercises in female hockey players.
The Representation of Semantic Information Across Human Cerebral Cortex During Listening Versus Reading Is Invariant to Stimulus Modality
Authors: Deniz Fatma , Nunez-Elizalde Anwar O. , Huth Alexander G. , Gallant Jack L. 
Published: August 2019

An integral part of human language is the capacity to extract meaning from spoken and written words, but the precise relationship between brain representations of information perceived by listening versus reading is unclear. Prior neuroimaging studies have shown that semantic information in spoken language is represented in multiple regions in the human cerebral cortex, while amodal semantic information appears to be represented in a few broad brain regions. However, previous studies were too insensitive to determine whether semantic representations were shared at a fine level of detail rather than merely at a coarse scale. We used fMRI to record brain activity in two separate experiments while participants listened to or read several hours of the same narrative stories, and then created voxelwise encoding models to characterize semantic selectivity in each voxel and in each individual participant. We find that semantic tuning during listening and reading are highly correlated in most semantically selective regions of cortex, and models estimated using one modality accurately predict voxel responses in the other modality. These results suggest that the representation of language semantics is independent of the sensory modality through which the semantic information is received.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans can comprehend the meaning of words from both spoken and written language. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between the brain representations of spoken or written text. Here, we show that although the representation of semantic information in the human brain is quite complex, the semantic representations evoked by listening versus reading are almost identical. These results suggest that the representation of language semantics is independent of the sensory modality through which the semantic information is received.
Representational Organization of Novel Task Sets during Proactive Encoding
Authors: Palenciano Ana F. , González-García Carlos , Arco Juan E. , Pessoa Luiz , Ruz María 
Published: August 2019

Recent multivariate analyses of brain data have boosted our understanding of the organizational principles that shape neural coding. However, most of this progress has focused on perceptual visual regions (Connolly et al., 2012), whereas far less is known about the organization of more abstract, action-oriented representations. In this study, we focused on humans' remarkable ability to turn novel instructions into actions. While previous research shows that instruction encoding is tightly linked to proactive activations in frontoparietal brain regions, little is known about the structure that orchestrates such anticipatory representation. We collected fMRI data while participants (both males and females) followed novel complex verbal rules that varied across control-related variables (integrating within/across stimuli dimensions, response complexity, target category) and reward expectations. Using representational similarity analysis (Kriegeskorte et al., 2008), we explored where in the brain these variables explained the organization of novel task encoding, and whether motivation modulated these representational spaces. Instruction representations in the lateral PFC were structured by the three control-related variables, whereas intraparietal sulcus encoded response complexity and the fusiform gyrus and precuneus organized its activity according to the relevant stimulus category. Reward exerted a general effect, increasing the representational similarity among different instructions, which was robustly correlated with behavioral improvements. Overall, our results highlight the flexibility of proactive task encoding, governed by distinct representational organizations in specific brain regions. They also stress the variability of motivation-control interactions, which appear to be highly dependent on task attributes, such as complexity or novelty.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn comparison with other primates, humans display a remarkable success in novel task contexts thanks to our ability to transform instructions into effective actions. This skill is associated with proactive task-set reconfigurations in frontoparietal cortices. It remains yet unknown, however, how the brain encodes in anticipation the flexible, rich repertoire of novel tasks that we can achieve. Here we explored cognitive control and motivation-related variables that might orchestrate the representational space for novel instructions. Our results showed that different dimensions become relevant for task prospective encoding, depending on the brain region, and that the lateral PFC simultaneously organized task representations following different control-related variables. Motivation exerted a general modulation upon this process, diminishing rather than increasing distances among instruction representations.
Acute Focal Seizures Start As Local Synchronizations of Neuronal Ensembles
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Hamm Jordan P. , Peterka Darcy S. , Yuste Rafael 
Published: August 2019

Understanding seizure formation and spread remains a critical goal of epilepsy research. We used fastin vivotwo-photon calcium imaging in male mouse neocortex to reconstruct, with single-cell resolution, the dynamics of acute (4-aminopyridine) focal cortical seizures as they originate within a spatially confined seizure initiation site (intrafocal region), and subsequently propagate into neighboring cortical areas (extrafocal region). We find that seizures originate as local neuronal ensembles within the initiation site. This abnormal hyperactivity engages increasingly larger areas in a saltatory fashion until it breaks into neighboring cortex, where it proceeds smoothly and is then detected electrophysiologically (LFP). Interestingly, PV inhibitory interneurons have spatially heterogeneous activity in intrafocal and extrafocal territories, ruling out a simple role of inhibition in seizure formation and spread. We propose a two-step model for the progression of focal seizures, where neuronal ensembles activate first, generating a microseizure, followed by widespread neural activation in a traveling wave through neighboring cortex during macroseizures.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe have used calcium imaging in mouse sensory cortexin vivoto reconstruct the onset of focal seizures elicited by local injection of the chemoconvulsant 4-aminopyridine. We demonstrate at cellular resolution that acute focal seizures originate as increasingly synchronized local neuronal ensembles. Because of its spatial confinement, this process may at first be undetectable even by nearby LFP electrodes. Further, we establish spatial footprints of local neural subtype activity that correspond to consecutive steps of seizure microprogression. Such footprints could facilitate determining the recording location (e.g., inside/outside an epileptogenic focus) in high-resolution studies, even in the absence of a priori knowledge about where exactly a seizure started.
Análisis de resultados de las pruebas nacionales de bachillerato de educación media de los colegios que conforman las direcciones regionales de educación en zonas fronterizas costarricenses. 2013-2016
Authors: Artavia-Aguilar Cindy Vanessa , Calderón-Ramírez Guillermo , Ramírez-González Andrea , González-Alvarado Francisco , Chaverri-Chaves Pablo , Cruz-Arroyo Eddy 
Published: August 2019

En el marco del programa Perfiles, dinámicas y desafíos de la educación costarricense, del Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Educación de la Universidad Nacional, este artículo abre un espacio de diálogo y reflexión nacional acerca de las pruebas nacionales de bachillerato en educación media en Costa Rica y el desempeño de los colegios en las zonas fronterizas. Este trabajo se plantea como objetivo analizar los resultados de las Pruebas Nacionales de Bachillerato en Educación Media (PNB-EM), en las zonas fronterizas del país, con la intención de visualizar los avances en materia educativa y sus repercusiones a nivel social. El análisis de este documento surge de los resultados de las PNB-EM reportados por el MEP en las 8 direcciones regionales de educación (DRE) ubicadas en áreas fronterizas norte y sur de nuestro país, y la relación de estos resultados con el índice de desarrollo social (IDS) reportado por los cantones que componen dichas DRE. Los datos estadísticos con los que se trabajó fueron de dos ámbitos, el educativo en relación con las PNB-EM en lo que respecta a la promoción, nota promedio obtenida y el índice de desarrollo social cantonal del año 2013. El proceso de análisis de los datos refleja algunas conclusiones importantes en materia de equidad, inclusión educativa y condiciones de desarrollo social a tomar en consideración para la interpretación de los resultados de las PNB-EM en el país.
Propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para medir habilidades del pensamiento reflexivo en estudiantado universitario
Authors: Crespo-Cabuto Angélica , González-Frías María Teresa , Madrid-López Esthela Jacqueline 
Published: August 2019

El estudio estableció las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para medir habilidades del pensamiento reflexivo en el desarrollo formativo de estudiantado universitario. En el estudio participaron 263 estudiantes de universidad: 220 (83.7 %) del sexo femenino (M edad= 20, DE= 1.5 años) y 43 (16.3 %) del masculino (M edad= 20, DE= 2.5 años). Los resultados señalan que la escala es empíricamente sustentable para medir el contenido, confiabilidad y constructo mediante los factores de comprensión reflexiva, apoyo proceso reflexivo y manifestaciones del proceso reflexivo (X2 = 20.08, gl= 8, *p < .001; X2/gl= 1.397; CFI= .96; RMSEA= .039; GFI= .90). Se concluyó que el instrumento puede ser utilizado satisfactoriamente en la evaluación de las habilidades del pensamiento reflexivo en estudiantado universitario.