bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐based norm‐reference values for the Child Oral and Motor Proficiency Scale
Authors: Pados Britt Frisk , Thoyre Suzanne M. , Park Jinhee 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo determine reference values for the Child Oral and Motor Proficiency Scale (ChOMPS) based on healthy, typically developing and typically eating children between six months and seven years old.MethodsParents of children six months to seven years old (n = 1057) completed the 63‐item ChOMPS. Median, range, 5th and 10th percentiles were calculated for scores on the four subscales of the ChOMPS as well as the total score in each of 11 age groups.ResultsAge‐based norm‐reference values are reported. By 24 months, 95% of children could perform all skills in the Basic Movement Patterns subscale. By four years, more than 95% of children could perform all of the skills in the Fundamental Oral–Motor Skills subscale. The Oral–Motor Coordination and Complex Movement Patterns skills developed later. By five years, 90% of children could perform all Oral–Motor Coordination skills. In six to seven year olds, 95% received a score of 44 of 46 on the Complex Movement Patterns subscale, indicating that some typical children had not established all of these complex skills by seven years.ConclusionThe ChOMPS is the first valid and reliable parent‐report measure of eating, drinking and related skills that has age‐based norm‐reference values for use in clinical practice and research.
Bacterial isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance, hemolytic activity, and high 16S rRNA gene similarity with well‐known pathogens found in camel milk samples of Riyadh region
Authors: Hirad Abdurahman H. , Ahmad Javed , Alkhedhairy Abdulaziz A. , Bahkali Ali H. , Khan Shams T. 
Published: February 2018

Customary consumption of unpasteurized milk by the population in the central Najed region of Saudi Arabia may pose a health risk. Therefore, 80 camel milk samples were collected aseptically from seven different stations of Riyadh region. The biochemical and microbiological properties of these milk samples were determined. Nutrient agar and brain heart infusion agar were used to determine mesophilic aerobic counts (MACs). The MAC in each mL of milk varied from 60 to 16 × 104 CFU/mL on nutrient agar. Based on the colony morphology, 176 colonies were collected from different samples, and these isolates were de‐replicated into 80 unique isolates using rep‐PCR analysis. Surprisingly, the 16S rRNA sequence analysis of these strains revealed that more than one‐third of the collected milk samples contained strains that share maximum sequence similarities with well‐known pathogens, such as Brucella, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, and MRSA. Furthermore, many strains exhibit 16S rRNA gene similarity with opportunistic pathogens such as Citrobacter freundii and Kytococcus schroeteri. Many strains exhibit β‐hemolytic activity and resistant to six different antibiotics. Our study suggested that consumption of raw camel milk from this region constitutes a great health risk.
Maternal perceptions of advice on sleep in young children: How, what, and when?
Authors: Hatton Rosalind E. M. , Gardani Maria 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesParental knowledge on sleep hygiene in children may be a contributing factor for sleep difficulties in preschoolers. As sleep is crucial for healthy development, it is important to understand how parental knowledge can be improved. The aim of this qualitative study was to develop an understanding of advice available in the United Kingdom (UK) on sleep in young children.DesignThis study employed constructivist grounded theory methodology.MethodsParticipants were recruited via social media and a previously constructed participant database. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analysed.ResultsFourteen mothers were interviewed independently, whilst one mother was interviewed together with her husband. Themes relating to how UK mothers wish advice on sleep to be formulated, what they believe it should include and when they would like to receive it, were identified from the data. Specifically, this study suggests that UK mothers value experience and thus recommends that advice be made through collaboration projects involving both professionals and parents. It also suggests that advice should be readily available and given to expecting parents prior to the arrival of their baby as well as at regular follow‐ups. In addition, the participating mothers wanted advice to be balanced and non‐judgemental.ConclusionThis study looks at the views of mainly White British mothers currently residing within the United Kingdom. Thus, it may not represent the views of everyone in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, it still makes important recommendations for practice. For example, relationships between health professionals and parents need to be improved and information on different sleeping practices widely dispersed.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Poor sleep is common in young children.

Young children's sleep quality can be affected by parental behaviours.

Parents lack knowledge of sleep in young children.

What does this study add?

According to this study:

It would be beneficial for professionals to work in partnership with parents when formulating advice.

Mothers want advice to appreciate individual differences, be free of stigma, and manage expectations.

Mothers want advice both prenatally and throughout their child's development.
The state of testosterone therapy since the FDA's 2015 labelling changes: Indications and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Miner Martin , Morgentaler Abraham , Khera Mohit , Traish Abdulmaged M. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryObjectiveA label change in testosterone (T) products in March 2015 followed a highly publicized FDA advisory committee meeting in September 2014. Changes included a warning of possible increased cardiovascular (CV) risks and restriction of indicated populations to younger men with a limited set of known aetiologies of testosterone deficiency (TD). These changes greatly impacted clinical practice and public perception of T therapy (TTh). Our aim was to review these changes in the light of subsequently published studies.DesignWe identified 23 studies through June 2017, including 12 clinical trials and 11 observational studies. The Testosterone Trials included 790 men aged 65 years and older with TD without known aetiology, assigned to 1‐year T gel or placebo.ResultsDemonstrated benefits of T included sexual activity and desire, physical activity and mood. There were 9 major adverse CV events (MACE) in the T arm and 16 in the placebo arm. No study reported increased MACE with TTh. A 3‐year RCT showed no difference in carotid atherosclerosis. Several large observational studies reported reduced CV events with TTh, including one showing progressively reduced CV and mortality risk with greater duration of TTh. Men whose serum T normalized with TTh had reduced risk of MI and death compared with men whose T levels failed to normalize.ConclusionWe conclude that existing evidence fails to support increased CV risk with TTh; on the contrary, there is evidence suggestive of real‐world CV benefits. Finally, existing evidence provides benefits of TTh in older men without known aetiology for T deficiency.
An in vitro evaluation of fracture load of implant‐supported zirconia‐based prostheses fabricated with different veneer materials
Authors: Takata Hiroki , Komine Futoshi , Honda Junichi , Blatz Markus B. , Matsumura Hideo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate fracture loads of implant‐supported zirconia‐based prostheses fabricated with different veneer materials (resin‐based material and lithium disilicate ceramics).Material and methodsForty‐four zirconia‐based molar prostheses were fabricated on dental implants and divided into four groups (n = 11): zirconia‐based prostheses veneered with feldspathic porcelain (ZVF), zirconia‐based prostheses bonded with the lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic veneer (ZBD), zirconia‐based prostheses veneered with indirect composite resin (ZVC), and zirconia‐based prostheses bonded with composite materials fabricated from a CAD/CAM resin block (ZBC). The zirconia‐based prostheses and abutments were adhesively bonded with a dual‐polymerized resin‐based luting material. Fracture load was determined using compression load to the prostheses with a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD test (α = .05).ResultsThe mean fracture load was significantly higher in the ZBC group (3.95 kN) than in the ZVC group (3.28 kN). No significant difference in fracture load was found among the ZVF (3.52 kN), ZBD (3.48 kN), and ZVC groups.ConclusionsThe adhesively bonded veneering technique enhances fracture resistance of implant‐supported zirconia‐based prostheses fabricated with a resin‐based material. All implant‐supported zirconia‐based restorations tested should resist physiologic masticatory forces in the oral environment.
Identifying taxonomic and functional surrogates for spring biodiversity conservation
Authors: Jyväsjärvi Jussi , Virtanen Risto , Ilmonen Jari , Paasivirta Lauri , Muotka Timo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSurrogate approaches are widely used to estimate overall taxonomic diversity for conservation planning. Surrogate taxa are frequently selected based on rarity or charisma, whereas selection through statistical modeling has been applied rarely. We used boosted‐regression‐tree models (BRT) fitted to biological data from 165 springs to identify bryophyte and invertebrate surrogates for taxonomic and functional diversity of boreal springs. We focused on these 2 groups because they are well known and abundant in most boreal springs. The best indicators of taxonomic versus functional diversity differed. The bryophyte Bryum weigelii and the chironomid larva Paratrichocladius skirwithensis best indicated taxonomic diversity, whereas the isopod Asellus aquaticus and the chironomid Macropelopia spp. were the best surrogates of functional diversity. In a scoring algorithm for priority‐site selection, taxonomic surrogates performed only slightly better than random selection for all spring‐dwelling taxa, but they were very effective in representing spring specialists, providing a distinct improvement over random solutions. However, the surrogates for taxonomic diversity represented functional diversity poorly and vice versa. When combined with cross‐taxon complementarity analyses, surrogate selection based on statistical modeling provides a promising approach for identifying groundwater‐dependent ecosystems of special conservation value, a key requirement of the EU Water Framework Directive.
Anti‐cancer therapy with TNFα and IFNγ: A comprehensive review
Authors: Shen Jing , Xiao Zhangang , Zhao Qijie , Li Mingxing , Wu Xu , Zhang Lin , Hu Wei , Cho Chi H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) were originally found to be produced by inflammatory cells and play important roles in the immune system and surveillance of tumour growth. By activating distinct signalling pathways of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and JAK/STAT, TNFα and IFNγ were reported to effectively trigger cell death and perform powerful anti‐cancer effects. In this review, we will discuss the new advancements of TNFα and IFNγ in anti‐cancer therapy.
Warming weakens facilitative interactions between decomposers and detritivores, and modifies freshwater ecosystem functioning
Authors: Bernabé Tiago N. , de Omena Paula M. , Santos Viviane Piccin dos , de Siqueira Virgínia M. , de Oliveira Valéria M. , Romero Gustavo Q. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWarming is among the major drivers of changes in biotic interactions and, in turn, ecosystem functioning. The decomposition process occurs in a chain of facilitative interactions between detritivores and microorganisms. It remains unclear, however, what effect warming may have on the interrelations between detritivores and microorganisms, and the consequences for the functioning of natural freshwater ecosystems. To address these gaps, we performed a field experiment using tank bromeliads and their associated aquatic fauna. We manipulated the presence of bacteria and detritivorous macroinvertebrates (control, “bacteria,” and “bacteria + macroinvertebrates”) under ambient and warming scenarios, and analyzed the effects on the microorganisms and ecosystem functioning (detritus mass loss, colored dissolved organic matter, and nitrogen flux). We applied antibiotic solution to eliminate or reduce bacteria from control bromeliads. After 60 days incubation, bacterial density was higher in the presence than in the absence of macroinvertebrates. In the absence of macroinvertebrates, temperature did not influence bacterial density. However, in the presence of macroinvertebrates, bacterial density decreased by 54% with warming. The magnitude of the effects of organisms on ecosystem functioning was higher in the combined presence of bacteria and macroinvertebrates. However, warming reduced the overall positive effects of detritivores on bacterial density, which in turn, cascaded down to ecosystem functioning by decreasing decomposition and nitrogen flux. These results show the existence of facilitative mechanisms between bacteria and detritivores in the decomposition process, which might collapse due to warming. Detritivores seem to contribute to nutrient cycling as they facilitate bacterial populations, probably by increasing nutrient input (feces) in the ecosystem. However, increased temperature mitigated these beneficial effects. Our results add to a growing research body that shows that warming can affect the structure of aquatic communities, and highlight the importance of considering the interactive effects between facilitation and climatic drivers on the functioning of freshwater ecosystems.
ON THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS
Authors: Chiu Jonathan , Dong Mei , Shao Enchuan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article studies the welfare effects of credit arrangements and how these effects depend on the trading mechanism and inflation. In a competitive market, credit arrangements can be welfare reducing, because high consumption by credit users drives up the price level, reducing consumption by money users who are subject to a binding liquidity constraint. By adopting an optimal trading mechanism, however, these welfare implications can be overturned. Both price discrimination and nonlinear pricing are essential features of an optimal mechanism.
Transcriptional regulation of the vitellogenin gene through a fecundity‐related single nucleotide polymorphism within a GATA‐1 binding motif in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Sun Z.‐X. , Kang K. , Cai Y.‐J. , Zhang J.‐Q. , Zhai Y.‐F. , Zeng R.‐S. , Zhang W.‐Q. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIdentifying the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) with functions in insect fecundity promises to provide novel insight into genetic mechanisms of adaptation and to aid in effective control of insect populations. We previously identified several SNPs within the vitellogenin (Vg) promoter region between a high‐fecundity population (HFP) and a low‐fecundity population (LFP) of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Here, we found that an A‐to‐T (HFP allele to LFP allele) transversion at nucleotide −953 upstream of Vg in a Nilaparvata lugens GATA‐1 (NlGATA‐1) binding motif is associated with the level of Vg transcription. We also characterized NlGATA‐1, containing a double CX2CX17CX2C zinc finger, which has been implicated in the activation of Vg gene expression. Knockdown of the NlGATA‐1 gene results in a reduced basal level of expression of the Vg gene and fewer offspring of N. lugens in vivo, whereas overexpression of NlGATA‐1 in cells increased Vg promoter activity. Moreover, upon cotransfection with NlGATA‐1 expression vector, the luciferase activities of Vg reporter vectors with the A allele were significantly higher than those with the T allele. These findings support a mechanism in which a SNP within the promoter of Vg is associated with the level of Vg transcription by altering the binding activity of NlGATA‐1 and subsequently affecting fecundity in N. lugens.
Developmental Change in Action Perception: Is Motor Experience the Cause?
Authors: Loucks Jeff , Sommerville Jessica 
Published: February 2018

Human actions are complex stimuli containing several perceptual dimensions an observer could attend to. Research indicates that attention to the perceptual dimensions of action undergoes a process of perceptual narrowing between 4 and 10 months, during which infants’ attention to configural and temporal information in action decreases over time, while attention to hand information is maintained. This research explored whether infants’ active experience with grasping is related to perceptual narrowing in action. Across two studies, we tested 6‐month‐old infants’ attention to changes in these action dimensions and also assessed their grasping ability. Infants who were more proficient at grasping showed a pattern more consistent with perceptual narrowing (decreasing attention to configural and temporal information) relative to those less proficient at grasping, especially for attention to configural information. In addition, attention to hand information appears to undergo U‐shaped development between 4 and 10 months, as 6‐month‐olds did not recover attention to the hand change. These findings add to a growing body of research showing that infants’ motor experience broadly influences their perception of others’ action and may follow a complex developmental pathway that diverges from perceptual narrowing over the first year.
Comparing deregression methods for genomic prediction of test‐day traits in dairy cattle
Authors: de Oliveira H.R. , Silva F.F. , Brito L.F. , Guarini A.R. , Jamrozik J. , Schenkel F.S. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWe aimed to investigate the performance of three deregression methods (VanRaden, VR; Wiggans, WG; and Garrick, GR) of cows’ and bulls’ breeding values to be used as pseudophenotypes in the genomic evaluation of test‐day dairy production traits. Three scenarios were considered within each deregression method: (i) including only animals with reliability of estimated breeding value (RELEBV
) higher than the average of parent reliability (RELPA
) in the training and validation populations; (ii) including only animals with RELEBV
higher than 0.50 in the training and RELEBV
higher than RELPA
in the validation population; and (iii) including only animals with RELEBV
higher than 0.50 in both training and validation populations. Individual random regression coefficients of lactation curves were predicted using the genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), considering either unweighted or weighted residual variances based on effective records contributions. In summary, VR and WG deregression methods seemed more appropriate for genomic prediction of test‐day traits without need for weighting in the genomic analysis, unless large differences in RELEBV
between training population animals exist.
Investigation of Cry3Bb1 resistance and intoxication in western corn rootworm by RNA sequencing
Authors: Rault L. C. , Siegfried B. D. , Gassmann A. J. , Wang H. , Brewer G. J. , Miller N. J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is a major pest of corn that has evolved resistance to transgenic maize that produces insecticidal Cry toxins. The specific mode of action of Cry3Bb1 and mechanism of resistance in WCR are unknown. This study compared gene expression between Cry3Bb1‐susceptible and Cry3Bb1‐resistant WCR neonates, in the presence and absence of Cry3Bb1. RNA‐Seq data were analysed to identify differentially expressed transcripts between strains of WCR, providing candidate transcripts for resistance to Cry3Bb1. Constitutive and Cry3Bb1‐induced differences between strains caused the differential expression of 608 transcripts after 8 hr. Differentially expressed transcripts between strains included ABC transporters, proteases and α‐amylases, which known to be receptors or activators of Cry toxins and involved in resistance to Cry toxins in other insects. The response to Cry3Bb1 treatment resulted in approximately 5,000 differentially expressed transcripts in the susceptible strain and included the same annotation categories found between strains but also included metalloproteases, cadherins and signalling proteins. None of these annotations were identified in the response of the resistant strain to Cry3Bb1, which was represented by only 12 transcripts. Tissue‐specific expression analysis of selected transcripts revealed that an α‐amylase and a protease were expressed in the midgut, the target organ of Cry toxins. A protease inhibitor and two ABC transporters were expressed outside the midgut, suggesting a limited role in resistance. Numerous polymorphic sites were identified from the RNA‐Seq data that showed allele frequency differences between the resistant and susceptible strains. Analysis of these polymorphisms in a larger set WCR strains suggested that the differences were due to genetic drift rather than being associated with resistance to Cry3Bb1. Polymorphisms identified in genes with known roles in resistance to Cry toxins did not appear to differ in frequency between resistant and susceptible strains.
Impact of myosteatosis on skeletal muscle volume loss in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Tachi Yoshihiko , Kozuka Akihiro , Hirai Takanori , Ishizu Yoji , Honda Takashi , Kuzuya Teiji , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ishigami Masatoshi , Goto Hidemi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and AimSevere muscle volume loss is a recognized negative prognostic factor in patients with chronic liver disease. However, the effect of skeletal muscle fat deposition, referred to as myosteatosis on muscle volume loss remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between myosteatosis and skeletal muscle volume loss.MethodsWe enrolled 362 patients with chronic liver disease (186 men, 176 women; mean age 68.4 ± 10.0 years, 94 with cirrhosis) who underwent liver biopsy and computed tomography scanning between January 2013 and February 2017. A transverse computed tomography image of each scan at the third lumbar vertebra was used to evaluate skeletal muscle tissues.ResultsPrevalence of skeletal muscle volume loss and myosteatosis were 36% and 82%, respectively. Of those with skeletal muscle volume loss, 93% have concomitant myosteatosis. Univariate analysis revealed that higher age, female, lower body mass index (BMI), higher serum albumin, lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lower gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, lower total bilirubin, lower α‐fetoprotein, lower skeletal muscle attenuation, and liver steatosis were significantly associated with skeletal muscle volume loss. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that lower BMI (odds ratio [OR] 5.26, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.21–8.54; P < 0.001), presence of myosteatosis (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.26–6.30; P < 0.001), lower ALT (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.18–3.52; P = 0.010), and female (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.04–2.28; P = 0.034) were significant independent factors associated with skeletal volume loss.ConclusionsMyosteatosis, low BMI, low ALT, and female are associated with skeletal muscle volume loss in patients with chronic liver disease.