bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximizing foraging success: the roles of group size, predation risk, competition, and ontogeny
Authors: Hintz William D. , Lonzarich David G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGrouping is an evolutionary strategy that allows individuals to optimize foraging success in habitats of varying quality and when under the risk of predation, but group foraging can lead to competition between group members. The effects of group size, habitat, predation, and competition on foraging success also can change as animals grow. Our study explored how these concurrent factors influenced the foraging success of group members at two different life stages. In a wild population of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), we first tested four hypotheses concerning the effects of group size on foraging success. We then analyzed our field observations with structural equation modeling to test causal relationships between group size, habitat, predation risk, competition, and the foraging success of individuals during two periods of development. We found support for the hypothesis that the relationship between group size and foraging success was parabolic during both study periods, revealing an optimal range of group sizes that maximized individual foraging success, which was conserved as fish aged. Predation risk had a positive effect on group size, particularly for older fish, and distance to cover and water depth were indicators of risk for both age groups. As group size increased, so did competition, but only for young fish; competition only had a weak positive effect on foraging success for older fish. Our results reveal that the relative direct effects of predation risk and competition on foraging success were weak compared with the direct effect of group size. Our study provides new insights and theoretical implications for understanding how selective forces—that is, group size, predation risk, competition, habitat, and ontogeny—act concurrently to affect foraging success in wild populations.
Analysis of several subcycling schemes in partitioned simulations of a strongly coupled fluid‐structure interaction
Authors: De Moerloose Laurent , Taelman Liesbeth , Segers Patrick , Vierendeels Jan , Degroote Joris 
Published: October 2018

SummaryFluid‐structure interaction (FSI) simulations are used extensively to calculate the vibration of structures subjected to an internal or external flow. In the case of partitioned FSI simulations, separate flow and structure solvers are used, which requires some kind of coupling between both. The time step in both solvers is typically taken the same, but this unnecessarily leads to long calculation times when the time step is small due to stability reasons in one of the two solvers. Subcycling, the procedure where the time step of one solver is chosen smaller than the time step used in the other solver, may reduce the computational cost of the FSI simulation. The subcycling procedure can be either explicit or implicit, the latter implying the use of coupling iterations in each time step. Contrary to explicit subcycling, no stability analyses of implicit subcycling schemes are found in the literature. In this paper, the temporal stability of the implicit subcycling procedure is investigated. The one‐dimensional flow in an elastic cylindrical tube is studied analytically. The results of this analysis are subsequently compared to a partitioned two‐dimensional axisymmetric FSI calculation with implicit coupling between the flow and structure solvers.
Array‐based profiling of the lymphoma cell DNA methylome does not unequivocally distinguish primary lymphomas of the central nervous system from non‐CNS diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Vogt Julia , Wagener Rabea , Montesinos‐Rongen Manuel , Ammerpohl Ole , Paulus Werner , Deckert Martina , Siebert Reiner 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrimary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCNSL) are diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) confined to the central nervous system (CNS). We here performed array‐based DNA methylation analyses of 26 PCNSL and 78 DLBCL and validated our findings in an independent dataset. We identified 2847 CpGs differentially methylated between PCNSL and non‐CNS‐DLBCL. Neither a supervised analysis using these CpGs nor application of 3 CpG classifiers selected for class separation unambiguously separated PCNSL from non‐CNS‐DLBCL. Remarkably, 6/78 non‐CNS‐DLBCL consistently segregated with PCNSL, which displayed molecular features typical for PCNSL. Our findings suggest that a subset of non‐CNS‐DLBCL exists which molecularly resembles PCNSL.
Primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the ileal conduit created after radical cystectomy
Authors: Nagai Takashi , Okamura Takehiko , Katayama Komei , Chaya Ryosuke , Tanaka Yutaro , Kobayashi Daichi , Kobayashi Takahiro , Akita Hidetoshi , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionCreation of an ileal conduit is associated with complications. A few cases have been reported on tumor development in an ileal conduit; diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma originating from an ileal conduit is extremely rare.Case presentationA 62‐year‐old Japanese man who had undergone radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion 6 years previously presented with a whitish bulge that had developed on the surface of the ileal conduit during follow‐up visit. Mass biopsy was performed and the histological diagnosis was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Positron emission tomography showed no metastatic lesions. We attempted chemotherapy because the tumor cells tested positive for CD20; after six courses of a regimen involving rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the ileal conduit resolved gradually. The patient is alive and remains free from the diagnosed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.ConclusionWe reported an extremely rare case of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma originating from the ileal conduit created after radical cystectomy.
Hypercalcemia associated with lymph node metastasis following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Ando Takashi , Katagiri Akiyoshi , Nakayama Ryo , Sakai Takeshi , Mizusawa Takaki 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionA part of hypercalcemia is a paraneoplastic syndrome. Its association with lymph node metastasis of bladder cancer has been infrequently reported in the literature.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old male presented with gross hematuria and was diagnosed with bladder cancer without metastasis. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical cystectomy was performed. The surgical margin was negative. The bladder cancer was classified as pT3bN0 and mainly constituted squamous differentiated urothelial carcinoma and sarcomatoid variant. His perioperative serum calcium levels were normal. At 6 months of surgery, computed tomography revealed lymph node enlargement, and additional 2 weeks later, he developed epileptic seizures with a serum corrected calcium level of 18.7 mg/dL. He was diagnosed with hypercalcemia caused by the lymph node metastasis of bladder cancer. Despite receiving several supportive therapies for 22 days, he died.ConclusionHypercalcemia associated with bladder cancer is highly resistant to existing therapy, particularly when caused by cancer metastasis.
Up‐regulation and tumor‐promoting role of SPHK1 were attenuated by miR‐330‐3p in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Qu Huajun , Gong Wenjing , Liu Aina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe intended to clarify the role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) in gastric cancer (GC) using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The study was designed to identify novel therapeutic targets for GC treatment. Differential analysis was utilized to dissect two gene expression omnibus series (GSE49515 and GSE79973) microarray data form Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) dataset. MRNA and protein expressions were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. GC cell growth was measured by MTT assays and verified by in vivo analysis. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected via flow cytometer observation. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound healing assays and Transwell assays. The targeting relationship between miRNA and SPHK1/S1PR1 was identified via dual‐luciferase assay. Twenty‐four common differentially expressed genes were screened out from two gene expression omnibus series (GSE49515 and GSE79973), among which SPHK1 was chosen for its higher fold change. We found elevated SPHK1 expression in GC tissues and cells, along with an increased concentration of SPHK1‐generated sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) in both GC serum and tissue. SPHK1 knockdown significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of MKN1 and KATO3 cells. It also blocked cell cycle and induced apoptosis in MKN1 and KATO3 cells. Silencing of SPHK1 also refrained tumor growth and inhibited S1P level. MiR‐330‐3p directly targeted SPHK1 and S1PR1. Overexpressed miR‐330‐3p in MKN1 cells repressed SPHK1 and S1PR1 expressions like their chemical inhibitors‐SPHK1 inhibitors (FTY720) and S1PR1 inhibitors (VPC23019), and acted anti‐tumor both in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides evidence that SPHK1 was promotive for GC tumor growth and cell biological behaviors, and that miR‐330‐3p targeted 3′‐UTR of SPHK1 and inhibited its expression. SPHK1 was expected to become a new molecular marker and miR‐330‐3p a novel therapeutic target for GC. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1164–1176, 2018
Structural, optical tuning, and mechanical behavior of zirconia toughened alumina through europium substitutions
Authors: Ponnilavan Vaithiyanathan , Kannan Sanjeevi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe structural and optical features of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) due to the assorted range of Eu3+ substitutions are demonstrated. The characterization studies affirm the pivotal role of Eu3+ on the improved structural stability of ZTA and associated tetragonal zirconia (t‐ZrO2) → cubic zirconia (c‐ZrO2) transformation. Eu3+ prefers accommodation at the lattice sites of ZrO2 and their gradual accumulation induces t‐ → c‐ZrO2 transition. Beyond the substitution limit, Eu3+ reacts with Al2O3 to form EuAlO3. Optical studies validate typical Eu3+ emissions, and further, the emission spectrum also predicts the symmetry of Eu3+ coordination at the ZrO2 lattice. Uniform distribution of ZrO2 and Al2O3 grains throughout the microstructures are evident from the morphological analysis. Further, the influence of Eu3+ on the enhanced mechanical stability of ZTA is ensured from indentation technique. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1170–1179, 2019.
Novel applications of nonwood cellulose for blood typing assays
Authors: Casals‐Terré Jasmina , Farré‐Lladós Josep , Zuñiga Allinson. , Roncero Maria Blanca , Vidal Teresa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPaper‐based microfluidics devices can create a new healthcare model. Cellulose is carbohydrate polymer biocompatible and hydrophilic. These characteristics enhance the development of user‐friendly diagnostic devices, but the link between paper manufacturing process and performance of the devices is still unclear. Previous studies focused on either commercial papers or lab papers from wood‐cellulose fibers, with different basis‐weight. This work introduces the effect of refining process and lab paper from nonwood‐cellulose fibers, focusing on sisal fibers to overcome the aforementioned challenge. Structural characteristics of paper, such as basis‐weight and degree of refining, are optimized and correlated with blood typing test resolution. Unrefined sisal paper of 50 g/m2 and 100 g/m2 basis‐weight exhibit a higher gray intensity level than refined paper, and also maximal capillary rise and a pore size suitable for blood grouping tests. Two different blood types were evaluated with results consistent with the traditional methods, testifying the usefulness of this methodology. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1533–1541, 2019.
Cortical Bone Material Strength Index and Bone Microarchitecture in Postmenopausal Women With Atypical Femoral Fractures
Authors: Popp Kristin L , Caksa Signe , Martinez-Betancourt Adriana , Yuan Amy , Tsai Joy , Yu Elaine W , Bouxsein Mary L 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Atypical femoral fractures are rare fractures that occur in the subtrochanteric or diaphyseal region of the femur with minimal or no trauma. Though the association of atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) and bisphosphonate (BP) use is a growing concern in the management of osteoporosis, currently there is little knowledge about which patients may be at risk for an atypical femoral fracture. Given that these fractures initiate in the femoral cortex, we aimed to determine whether cortical bone tissue properties (bone material strength index; BMSi), as measured by in vivo impact microindentation, are altered in atypical fracture patients. We also aimed to identify factors associated with the BMSi measurements. We enrolled postmenopausal women with recent AFFs (n = 15) or hip fractures (Hip Fxs; n = 20), long-term (&gt;5 years) BP users (n = 30), and treatment naïve controls (n = 88). We measured total hip and femoral neck BMD by DXA, cortical bone microstructure at the distal tibia by HR-pQCT, and BMSi at the midtibia by impact microindentation. BMSi values were similar in all groups, with no effects of long-term BP use or lower values in patients with AFFs or Hip Fxs, even after multivariable adjustment. BMSi measurements were independent of age, femoral BMD, duration of BP treatment, vitamin D level, and cortical bone microstructure, including cortical porosity and cortical tissue mineral density. In conclusion, impact microindentation values are not negatively affected by long-term BP use and do not appear to discriminate individuals who suffer AFFs. Thus, our results do not support clinical use of impact microindentation to identify those at risk for AFFs. This remains to be verified in larger studies. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A computational method to characterize the missense mutations in the catalytic domain of GAA protein causing Pompe disease
Authors: Thirumal Kumar D , Umer Niazullah Maryam , Tasneem Sadia , Judith E , Susmita B , George Priya Doss C , Selvarajan E , Zayed Hatem 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPompe disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) deficiency, resulting in intralysosomal accumulation of glycogen, including cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells. The GAA gene is located on chromosome 17 (17q25.3), the GAA protein consists of 952 amino acids; of which 378 amino acids (347‐726) falls within the catalytic domain of the protein and comprises of active sites (518 and 521) and binding sites (404, 600, 616, and 674). In this study, we used several computational tools to classify the missense mutations in the catalytic domain of GAA for their pathogenicity and stability. Eight missense mutations (R437C, G478R, N573H, Y575S, G605D, V642D, L705P, and L712P) were predicted to be pathogenic and destabilizing to the protein structure. These mutations were further subjected to phenotyping analysis using SNPeffect 4.0 to predict the chaperone binding sites and structural stability of the protein. The mutations R437C and G478R were found to compromise the chaperone‐binding activity with GAA. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the G478R mutation to be more significant and hinders binding to the DNJ (Miglustat) compared with the R437C. Further molecular dynamic analysis for the two mutations demonstrated that the G478R mutation was acquired higher deviation, fluctuation, and lower compactness with decreased intramolecular hydrogen bonds compared to the mutant R437C. These data are expected to serve as a platform for drug design against Pompe disease and will serve as an ultimate tool for variant classification and interpretations.
Sonographic appearances of adrenal schwannomas
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhu Ying , Zhang Lu , Xu Shangyan , Zhan Weiwei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the sonographic ultrasound (US) appearances of adrenal gland schwannomas.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 15 cases of schwannomas involving the adrenal gland. The following US features were assessed: size, border, echogenicity, homogeneity, intralesional cystic necrosis, presence of septa, intralesional calcification, posterior acoustic enhancement and blood supply.ResultsOf the 15 tumors, seven (46.7%) were located on the left side, and the remaining eight (53.3%) on the right side. The most frequent US appearance of adrenal schwannoma was a single, well‐defined and isoechoic mass. The internal echotexture was homogeneous in 2 cases, and heterogeneous in 13 cases, with intralesional cystic areas (n = 11), septa (n = 10) or calcifications (n = 6). Posterior acoustic enhancement was seen in 12 of the 15 cases (80%). On color Doppler US, 86.7% (13/15) of the lesions did not show any vascularity.ConclusionsAdrenal schwannomas usually present on US as well‐defined isoechoic masses often with posterior acoustic enhancement, cystic necrosis with septa and poor blood supply. These appearances should suggest the diagnosis of adrenal schwannomas. Nevertheless, additional information from laboratory tests and CT or MR imaging may be required to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Improvement of reproducibility in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and transverse relaxation rates () after physiological noise correction
Authors: Choi Joon Yul , Lee Jingu , Nam Yoonho , Lee Jongho , Oh Se‐Hong 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundNumerous studies have suggested that quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and transverse relaxation rates () are useful to monitor neurological diseases. For clinical use of QSM and , reproducibility is an important feature. However, respiration‐induced local magnetic field variation makes artifacts in gradient echo‐based images and reduces the reproducibility of QSM and .PurposeTo investigate the improvement of reproducibility of QSM and after the correction of respiration‐induced field variation, and to assess the effect of varying types of the region of interest (ROI) analysis on reproducibility.Study TypeReproducibility study.PopulationTen controls.Field Strength/Sequence3T/multiecho gradient echo sequence.AssessmentIntrascan reproducibility of QSM and was investigated in ROIs before and after the respiration correction.Statistical TestsReproducibility was obtained by the square of voxel‐wise correlation coefficients between scans. A paired t‐test was performed for comparison between before and after the respiration correction and between QSM and .ResultsBased on the ROI analysis, reproducibility increased after the respiration correction. Reproducibility in the white matter (11.89% increased in QSM and 23.38% in , P = 0.009 and 0.024, respectively) and deep gray matter (5.50% increased in QSM and 13.96% in , P = 0.024 and 0.019, respectively) increased significantly after the respiration correction. Reproducibility of was higher than that of QSM in the whole brain and cortical gray matter, while QSM maps showed higher reproducibility than in the white matter and deep gray matter.Data ConclusionRespiration‐induced error correction significantly improved reproducibility in QSM and mapping. QSM and mapping showed a different level of reproducibility depending on the types of ROI analysis.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
The use of chromium(III) complexes to enhance peptide protonation by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Jing Xinyao , Edwards Kyle C. , Vincent John B. , Cassady Carolyn J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe addition of trivalent chromium, Cr(III), reagents to peptide solutions can increase the intensity of doubly protonated peptides, [M + 2H]2+, through electrospray ionization (ESI). Three model heptapeptides were studied: neutral (AAAAAAA), acidic (AAEEEAA), and basic (AAAKAAA). The neutral and acidic peptides form almost no 2+ ions in the absence of Cr(III). Twenty Cr(III) complexes were used as potential enhanced protonation reagents, including 11 complexes with nonlabile ligands and nine with labile ligands. The complexes that provide the most abundant [M + 2H]2+, the greatest [M + 2H]2+ to [M + H]+ ratio, and the cleanest mass spectra are [Cr(H2O)6](NO3)3·3H2O and [Cr(THF)3]Cl3. Anions in Cr(III) reagents can also affect the intensity of [M + 2H]2+ and the [M + 2H]2+ to [M + H]+ ratio through cation‐anion interactions. The influence of anions on the extent of peptide protonation follows the trend ClO4− ˃ SO42− ˃ Br− ˃ Cl− ˃ F− ≈ NO3−. Solvent effects and complexes with varying number of water ligands were investigated to study the importance of water in enhanced protonation. Aqueous solvent systems and Cr(III) complexes that have at least one bound water ligand in solution must be used for successful increase in the intensity of [M + 2H]2+, which indicates that water is involved in the mechanism of Cr(III)‐induced enhanced protonation. The ESI source design is also important because no enhanced protonation was observed using a Z‐spray source. The current results suggest that this Cr(III)‐induced effect occurs during the ESI desolvation process.
Temperature and precipitation variability in regional climate models and driving global climate models: Total variance and its temporal‐scale components
Authors: Crhová Lenka , Holtanová Eva 
Published: October 2018

This paper presents an evaluation of the variability and its temporal‐scale components of daily air temperature and precipitation simulated by two regional climate models (RCMs) and two driving global climate models (GCMs) from the EURO‐CORDEX and CMIP5 projects. The analysis was performed for eight geographical areas of central Europe for the period 1971–2000. After a brief evaluation of total variance, we focus on the ability of the simulations to represent short‐term, seasonal and long‐term variability components. This analysis was carried out for original time series as well as for series with the annual cycle removed. A fast Fourier transformation and a Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filter were used to separate the three temporal components.The two methods of time series decomposition generally agree, which confirms the robustness of the results. Although the observed total variability of daily air temperature and precipitation is not well represented in many cases and considerable differences among simulations exist, the separation of total variance into the three components is well represented. Regarding the air temperature, the results for the time series with the annual cycle removed are generally somewhat worse than for original series. The simulations tend to underestimate the short‐term component of temperature variability, while the results for the other two components are inconclusive. Moreover, it was found that temperature variability caused by the annual cycle is overestimated by the simulation of HadGEM2 GCM and CCLM4‐8‐17 RCM driven by HadGEM2, which explains the relatively poor results of these simulations regarding air temperature total variance and short‐term as well as seasonal components in the original temperature series. The RCMs provide better results than GCMs for temperature total variance but our results are rather inconclusive in the case of precipitation total variance and distribution of the variance of both studied variables into the three temporal components.