bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation-Selection-Extrapolation: Estimation in High-Dimensional Errors-in-Variables Models
Authors: Nghiem Linh , Potgieter Cornelis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractErrors-in-variables models in high-dimensional settings pose two challenges in application. First, the number of observed covariates is larger than the sample size, while only a small number of covariates are true predictors under an assumption of model sparsity. Second, the presence of measurement error can result in severely biased parameter estimates, and also affects the ability of penalized methods such as the lasso to recover the true sparsity pattern. A new estimation procedure called SIMulation-SELection-EXtrapolation (SIMSELEX) is proposed. This procedure makes double use of lasso methodology. First, the lasso is used to estimate sparse solutions in the simulation step, after which a group lasso is implemented to do variable selection. The SIMSELEX estimator is shown to perform well in variable selection, and has significantly lower estimation error than naive estimators that ignore measurement error. SIMSELEX can be applied in a variety of errors-in-variables settings, including linear models, generalized linear models, and Cox survival models. It is furthermore shown in the Supporting Information how SIMSELEX can be applied to spline-based regression models. A simulation study is conducted to compare the SIMSELEX estimators to existing methods in the linear and logistic model settings, and to evaluate performance compared to naive methods in the Cox and spline models. Finally, the method is used to analyze a microarray dataset that contains gene expression measurements of favorable histology Wilms tumors.
Is Profit Sharing Productive? A Meta‐Regression Analysis
Authors: Doucouliagos Hristos , Laroche Patrice , Kruse Douglas L. , Stanley T. D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, we re‐examine the relationship between group‐based profit sharing and productivity. Our meta‐regression analysis of 355 estimates from 56 studies controls for publication selection and misspecification biases and investigates the impact of firm‐level unionisation. Profit sharing is positively related to productivity on average, with a stronger relationship where there is higher unionisation. The positive effect of profit sharing on productivity is larger in cooperative firms and in transition economies. Separate meta‐analysis of interactions suggests that profit sharing works better in combination with capital investment and employee participation in decisions.
Detection and localisation of primary prostate cancer using 68gallium prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography compared with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and radical prostatectomy specimen pathology
Authors: Kalapara Arveen A. , Nzenza Tatenda , Pan Henry Y.C. , Ballok Zita , Ramdave Shakher , O'Sullivan Richard , Ryan Andrew , Cherk Martin , Hofman Michael S. , Konety Badrinath R. , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Bolton Damien , Murphy Declan G. , Grummet Jeremy P. , Frydenberg Mark 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of 68gallium prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT) with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in detecting and localising primary prostate cancer when compared with radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen pathology.Patients and methodsRetrospective review of men who underwent 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI for primary prostate cancer before RP across four centres between 2015 and 2018. Patients undergoing imaging for recurrent disease or before non‐surgical treatment were excluded. We defined pathological index tumour as the lesion with highest International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group (GG) on RP specimen pathology. Our primary outcomes were rates of accurate detection and localisation of RP specimen pathology index tumour using 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT or mpMRI. We defined tumour detection as imaging lesion corresponding with RP specimen tumour on any imaging plane, and localisation as imaging lesion matching RP specimen index tumour in all sagittal, axial, and coronal planes. Secondary outcomes included localisation of clinically significant and transition zone (TZ) index tumours. We defined clinically significant disease as GG 3–5. We used descriptive statistics and the Mann–Whitney U‐test to define and compare demographic and pathological characteristics between detected, missed and localised tumours using either imaging modality. We used the McNemar test to compare detection and localisation rates using 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI.ResultsIn all, 205 men were included in our analysis, including 133 with clinically significant disease. There was no significant difference between 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI in the detection of any tumour (94% vs 95%, P > 0.9). There was also no significant difference between localisation of all index tumours (91% vs 89%, P = 0.47), clinically significant index tumours (96% vs 91%, P = 0.15) or TZ tumours (85% vs 80%, P > 0.9) using 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI. Limitations include retrospective study design and non‐central review of imaging and pathology.ConclusionWe found no significant difference in the detection or localisation of primary prostate cancer between 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate a combined PET/MRI model in minimising tumours missed by either modality.
Innovations in Practice: Intensive crisis intervention for adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior – an open trial
Authors: McBee‐Strayer Sandra M. , Thomas Glenn V. , Bruns Ericka M. , Heck Kendra M. , Alexy Emily R. , Bridge Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAdolescent suicide is a major public health concern worldwide. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions targeting youth suicide risk is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcomes of Intensive Crisis Intervention (ICI), a cognitive‐behavioral, family‐centered treatment that provides an alternative to longer inpatient care.MethodIntensive Crisis Intervention was piloted over a two‐year period with 50 adolescents (Mage = 15.1 years; 86% Female; 78% Caucasian) admitted to an intensive crisis stabilization unit presenting with suicidal ideation and/or attempts. Data were collected at admission, 30 days, and 3 months post‐admission to evaluate changes in suicidal ideation and functioning over time.ResultsFollow‐up data were provided by 88% of study participants. At 3 months, the mean Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire‐Junior score improved 34.2 points relative to baseline (effect size of 2.2, p < .0001). Significant improvements in functioning, high rates of consumer satisfaction and readiness for care transition upon discharge were also reported.ConclusionStudy findings set the stage for a larger, randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of ICI in targeting suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescents.
Antifungal, anticancer, and docking studies of colchiceine complexes with monovalent metal cation salts
Authors: Kurek Joanna , Kwaśniewska‐Sip Patrycja , Myszkowski Krzysztof , Cofta Grzegorz , Barczyński Piotr , Murias Marek , Kurczab Rafał , Śliwa Paweł , Przybylski Piotr 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComplexes of colchiceine with monovalent cation perchlorates and iodides have been obtained and characterized by spectroscopic methods. DFT and spectroscopic studies reveal that the dihedral angle ω1‐1a‐12‐12a, crucial for colchicine biological mechanism of action, that is, binding to tubulins depends on the diameter of the complexed metal cation. Biological tests indicated no antifungal properties of colchicine (it was active only toward A.pullulans), in contrast to its derivative—(colchiceine). Complexation of colchiceine with metal cations improved significantly the antifungal potency, even below MIC <1 μg/ml. The colchiceine complexes were more potent than colchiceine, and some of them were even more potent than the fungicidal standard IPBC. The highest potency of colchiceine complexes was noted against A. pullulans (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml). In contrast to the findings concerning antifungal potency, the anticancer studies showed complexes of colchicine more active (~IC50 = 2 nM) than those of colchiceine (~IC50 = 6 μM). MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines and human lung fibroblasts CCD39Lu were also tested.
Fragment‐ and negative image‐based screening of phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors
Authors: Jokinen Elmeri M. , Postila Pekka A. , Ahinko Mira , Niinivehmas Sanna , Pentikäinen Olli T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA novel virtual screening methodology called fragment‐ and negative image‐based (F‐NiB) screening is introduced and tested experimentally using phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) as a case study. Potent PDE10A‐specific small‐molecule inhibitors are actively sought after for their antipsychotic and neuroprotective effects. The F‐NiB combines features from both fragment‐based drug discovery and negative image‐based (NIB) screening methodologies to facilitate rational drug discovery. The selected structural parts of protein‐bound ligand(s) are seamlessly combined with the negative image of the target's ligand‐binding cavity. This cavity‐ and fragment‐based hybrid model, namely its shape and electrostatics, is used directly in the rigid docking of ab initio generated ligand 3D conformers. In total, 14 compounds were acquired using the F‐NiB methodology, 3D quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling, and pharmacophore modeling. Three of the small molecules inhibited PDE10A at ~27 to ~67 μM range in a radiometric assay. In a larger context, the study shows that the F‐NiB provides a flexible way to incorporate small‐molecule fragments into the drug discovery.
The role of the fibroblast growth factor family in bone‐related diseases
Authors: Wang Jicheng , Liu Shizhang , Li Jingyuan , Yi Zhi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFibroblast growth factor (FGF) family members are important regulators of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration. The abnormal expression of certain FGF family members can cause skeletal diseases, including achondroplasia, craniosynostosis syndrome, osteoarthritis, and Kashin–Beck disease. Accumulating evidence shows that FGFs play a crucial role in the growth and proliferation of bone and in the pathogenesis of certain bone‐related diseases. Here, we review the involvement of FGFs in bone‐related processes and diseases; FGF1 in the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and fracture repair; FGF2, FGF9, and FGF18 in osteoarthritis; FGF6 in bone and muscle injury; FGF8 in osteoarthritis and Kashin–Beck disease; and FGF21 and FGF23 on bone regulation. These findings indicate that FGFs are targets for novel therapeutic interventions for bone‐related diseases.
Transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy: many patients recover in adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Ameratunga R , Ahn Y , Steele R , Woon S-T 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy (THI) is a relatively rare disorder where there is an exaggeration of the physiological nadir of immunoglobulin (Ig)G between loss of transplacentally acquired maternal IgG and production by the infant. Patients may be vulnerable to infections during the period of hypogammaglobulinaemia. The precise time to recovery in all infants is currently unknown. We sought to determine the clinical features and time–course of recovery for patients with THI. We reviewed our experience with THI over the last three decades in order to describe clinical and laboratory features, as well as the time–course of recovery. Forty-seven patients were identified with THI. Only thirty-seven per cent remitted by 4 years of age, while some patients did not recover until the third or fourth decade. In keeping with previous studies, the majority (25 of 47) presented with recurrent infections, nine had a family history of immunodeficiency and 13 had adverse reactions to food as their dominant clinical manifestation. Chronic tonsillitis developed in 10 patients and symptoms improved following surgery. The group with food allergies recovered sooner than those presenting with infections or with a family history immunodeficiency. Eight patients failed to respond to at least one routine childhood vaccine. Two have IgA deficiency and four individuals recovering in adolescence and adulthood continue to have borderline/low IgG levels. None have progressed to common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID). THI is a misnomer, as the majority do not recover in infancy. Recovery from THI can extend into adulthood. THI must be considered in the differential diagnosis of adolescents or young adults presenting with primary hypogammaglobulinemia.
High titres of IgM-bound circulating immune complexes and erythrocytic oxidative damage are indicators of dengue severity
Authors: Patra G , Saha B , Mukhopadhyay S 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Global incidence of dengue has drastically increased in the last few years. Despite the global morbidity and mortality associated with dengue infection, mechanisms of immune control and viral pathogenesis are poorly explored. Pancytopenias, along with increased oxidative stress, are salient clinical findings in severe dengue patients. Previously, we demonstrated significant differences of circulating immune complexes (CICs) among severe and non-severe dengue patients. Accordingly, here we sought to determine the contributory role of affinity-purified antibody-bound CICs in dengue severity. To characterize intracellular oxidative stress induced by antibody-bound CICs, 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′-7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) was measured by flow cytometry. At the same time, CICs sensitized healthy red blood cells (RBC) and patients’ RBC morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Erythrophagocytosis and ferritin levels were further determined in severe and non-severe dengue patients. Our results showed that the severe patients had high titres of immunoglobulin (Ig)M-bound CICs (P &lt; 0·0001) in their sera, increased intracellular oxidative stress (P &lt; 0·0001), high ferritin levels (P &lt; 0·0001), altered morphology of RBC and finally enhanced erythrophagocytosis. This study shows for the first time that RBC morphology is altered in severe dengue patients. Taken together, this study suggests that the enhanced IgM-bound CICs could contribute to the increased oxidative stress and act directly on RBC destruction of severe dengue patients, and is an important pathophysiological determinant. Hence, IgM-bound CICs can serve as an important laboratory parameter to monitor dengue infection progression.
Autogenous interpositional block graft vs onlay graft for horizontal ridge augmentation in the mandible
Authors: Atef Mohammed , Osman Ahmed H. , Hakam Maha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundInterpositional block graft revealed promising results in vertical ridge augmentation in the mandible, while scarce evidence is available regarding the use of interpositional block graft for horizontal ridge augmentation in the mandible.PurposeTo compare the efficacy of autogenous block interpositional graft vs onlay graft in terms of horizontal ridge augmentation in the mandible.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients were randomly divided in two groups interpositional and onlay groups, using autogenous blocks harvested from the mandibular symphysis as the donor site. For the interpositional group, the mandibular ridge was split and the harvested block was inserted in the created space and fixated using titanium screws. For the onlay group, the defect site was decorticated and the harvested block was firmly fixated buccally using titanium screws. Immediate and 4 months postoperative cone beam computed tomography scans were taken for assessment.ResultsIn the interpositional group, the mean preoperative bone width was 3.85 ± 0.6 mm, after 4 months, the mean bone width was 8.84 ± 0.54 mm. While in the onlay group, the mean preoperative bone width was 3.74 ± 0.83 mm while after 4 months the mean bone width was 7.37 ± 1.98 mm. this was statistically significant.ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, interpositional block graft appears to be a viable treatment option for horizontal ridge augmentation in the mandible.
Colectomy for caecal and sigmoid volvulus: a national analysis of outcomes and risk factors for postoperative complications
Authors: Althans A. R. , Aiello A. , Steele S. R. , Bhama A. R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimColonic volvulus is a common entity encountered by colorectal surgeons, but there are few reports of national data regarding postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe the volvulus population, 30‐day outcomes following right‐ and left‐sided colectomy and risk factors for postoperative complications.MethodThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database from 2012 to 2015 was utilized to identify patients with the diagnosis of ‘volvulus’ who underwent right‐ or left‐sided colectomy. Primary outcomes were overall morbidity and mortality.ResultsA total of 2175 patients were identified (661 right colectomy and 1514 left colectomy). Risk factors for complications following right‐sided colectomy included: age, male gender, smoker, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, septic shock and American Society of Anesthesiologsts class ≥ 4. Risk factors for complications following left‐sided colectomy included: age, male gender, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis and septic shock.ConclusionSeveral nonmodifiable risk factors were identified for complications following colectomy for volvulus. These risk factors can be used in patient/family counselling and discharge planning.
Management of colonic complications of type IV Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: a systematic review and evidence‐based management strategy
Authors: Speake D. , Dvorkin L. , Vaizey C. J. , Carlson G. L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimType IV Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a connective tissue disorder affecting approximately 1 per 100,000‐200,000 people. Life expectancy is reduced secondary to spontaneous vascular rupture or colonic perforation. Surgery carries significant morbidity and mortality. While strategies to manage colonic perforation include primary repair with or without a defunctioning stoma, Hartmann’s procedure, total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy and ileorectal anastomosis, evidence is contradictory and has not previously been evaluated in order to form a treatment strategy. We aim to review the published literature and identify outcome data relating to operative management of colonic perforation in type IV EDS.MethodsPubmed, EM‐BASE, Cochrane library and Google Scholar were searched with the following details: Ehlers Danlos Syndrome AND colonic surgery. The main outcome measure was re‐perforation rates following colonic surgery on patients with type IV EDS. If the nature of surgery and follow up were reported, data were recorded in a SPSS database according to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsOne hundred and nine operations have been described in 51 patients in 44 case series. There were 26 visceral re‐perforations, 2 affecting the small intestine and 24 colonic. Survival analysis favoured total abdominal colectomy compared with operations where the colon was left in situ.ConclusionsTotal abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy or ileorectal anastomosis are the safest strategies after colonic perforation in type IV EDS. Anastomotic leak rates are high. End colostomy is high risk for colonic re‐perforation and anastomotic leak rates are extremely high. Restoration of colonic continuity should be avoided.
The role of cryptic diversity and its environmental correlates in global conservation status assessments: Insights from the threatened bird's‐eye primrose (Primula farinosa L.)
Authors: Theodoridis Spyros , Nogués‐Bravo David , Conti Elena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimMost of the fundamental questions in conservation biogeography require the description of species geographic boundaries and the identification of discrete biological units within these boundaries. International conservation efforts and institutions rely mainly on traditional taxonomic approaches for defining these boundaries, resulting in significant cryptic diversity going undetected and often extinct. Here, we combine high‐throughput genomic data with publicly available environmental data to identify cryptic diversity in the threatened bird's‐eye primrose (Primula farinosa). We aim to characterize evolutionary lineages and test whether they co‐occur with changes in environmental conditions. These lineages can be used as intraspecific units for conservation to enhance assessments regarding the status of threatened species.LocationEurope and temperate Asia (latitude, 40–65°N; longitude, 10°E–115°W).MethodsWe genotyped 93 individuals from 71 populations at 1,220 loci (4,089 SNPs) across the Eurasian distribution of P. farinosa. We used phylogenomic and population structure approaches to identify intraspecific lineages. We further extracted statistically derived and remotely sensed environmental information, that is land cover, climate and soil characteristics, to define the biotic and abiotic environment inhabited by each lineage and test for niche similarities among lineages. Additionally, we tested for isolation by distance among populations and applied linear and polynomial regressions to identify lineage‐environment associations.ResultsAnalyses of genomic data revealed six major lineages within P. farinosa corresponding to distinct geographic areas. Niche similarity tests indicated that lineages occupy distinct abiotic and biotic space. Isolation by distance indicated that geography alone cannot explain genetic divergence within P. farinosa, while lineage‐environment associations suggested potential adaptation to different abiotic conditions across lineages. However, relationships with the land cover classes, a proxy for habitat, were weaker.Main conclusionOur results highlight the need for incorporating intraspecific diversity in global assessments of species conservation status and the utility of genomic and publicly available environmental data in conservation biogeography.
Differentiating spontaneous echo contrast, sludge, and thrombus in the left atrial appendage: Can ultrasound enhancing agents help?
Authors: Posada‐Martinez Edith Liliana , Trejo‐Paredes Camila , Ortiz‐Leon Xochitl A. , Ivey‐Miranda Juan Betuel , Lin Ben A. , McNamara Robert L. , Arias‐Godinez Jose Antonio , Lombo Bernardo , Sugeng Lissa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe accurate identification of thrombus in the left atrial appendage with transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) before cardioversion is essential. Most of these patients have some grade of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC). Severe SEC is often called “sludge,” and its prognosis and treatment are still controversial. Current guidelines suggest the use of ultrasound enhancing agents (UEAs) when significant SEC is present. However, little is known about the utility of the UEAs in the differentiation between sludge and less severe SEC.
Mitral‐aortic intervalvular fibrosa pseudoaneurysm causing compression of superior vena cava and right atrium
Authors: Karaduman Ahmet , Balaban İsmail , Keskin Berhan , Çiçek Mahmut Buğrahan , Keten Musatafa Ferhat , Aytürk Mehmet , Havan Nuri , Karagöz Ali , Kahveci Gökhan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe mitral‐aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is a fibrous, avascular region between the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve. This makes MAIVF vulnerable to injury and infection; thus pseudoaneurysm may develop. The pseudoaneurysm can cause compression to coronary arteries which causes angina or pulmonary artery resulting in pulmonary hypertension. We presented the pseudoaneurysm of MAIVF causing compression of superior vena cava and right atrium which was visualized by two‐ and three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography.