bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐World Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Filgotinib and Upadacitinib for Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicentre Cohort Study
Authors: Nogami Akira , Asonuma Kunio , Okabayashi Shinji , Ikenouchi Maiko , Matsuda Takahisa , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Fukata Masayuki , Kobayashi Taku 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, filgotinib (FIL) and upadacitinib (UPA) have emerged as promising treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, a comparative analysis of these JAK inhibitors, particularly in patients previously treated with tofacitinib (TOF), has not been performed.AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of FIL and UPA in patients with UC, including those previously exposed to TOF.MethodsA multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety of FIL and UPA in patients with UC whose treatment was initiated between March 2022 and December 2023. The co‐primary outcomes were clinical response and remission at week 8. The secondary outcomes included treatment persistence and adverse events (AEs). Modified Poisson and Cox regression models with multivariable analysis to adjust for confounders and propensity score matching were conducted. Subgroup analyses stratified by previous exposure to TOF and biologics were also conducted.ResultsIn total, 168 patients (98 treated with FIL and 70 treated with UPA) were enrolled in this study, with a median follow‐up period of 181 days. The clinical response/remission rates at week 8 were 55.1/46.9% for FIL and 71.4/65.7% for UPA, respectively. UPA was associated with significantly higher rates of clinical response (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.40 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.80]) and clinical remission (adjusted RR 1.54 [95% CI, 1.16 to 2.05]) compared with FIL. This result was consistent across subgroup analyses based on previous exposure to TOF or biologics, except for bio‐naive patients. There was no significant difference in the treatment persistence. AEs were more frequent with UPA (45.7%) than with FIL (24.5%) (p = 0.0049). Propensity score matching confirmed the superior overall effectiveness of UPA.ConclusionsUPA demonstrated better short‐term effectiveness than FIL, with a higher incidence of AEs.
Using off‐gas testing to map mixing gradients and audit blower capacity
Authors: Hodgson Brock , Brischke Kenneth , Cavanaugh Branden , Garrido‐Baserba Manel , Austin Elinor S. , Rosso Diego 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA water resource recovery facility sited in a region at a high elevation has experienced the effects of over‐designing its blowers. In this case study, we used off‐gas analysis and site‐specific power tariffs to quantify actual process loading and air requirements, and we quantitatively evaluated various options for blower replacement or upgrade. Off‐gas analysis mapped the oxygen uptake rate at the surface of the tank, suggesting that the tanks were not evenly loaded across their sections. The local cost of energy directly affects the return on the investment calculation and limits the available solutions. The payback of partial or complete blower replacement may not be justified even in the event of excessive aeration, and the sequencing of aeration system improvements including diffuser replacement, process controls, and blower modifications should be evaluated contemporaneously.Practitioner Points
Off‐gas analysis can be used to evaluate process loading imbalances by mapping the oxygen uptake rate.
Alpha factors from off‐gas testing are used in process models to evaluate air requirements and blower air demand.
Comparative evaluation of blowers must be done considering the net present value of the status quo, upgrades, or replacement.
Fate of biosolids‐bound PFAS through pyrolysis coupled with thermal oxidation for air emissions control
Authors: Winchell Lloyd J. , Cullen Joshua , Ross John J. , Seidel Alex , Romero Mary Lou , Kakar Farokh , Bronstad Embrey , Wells Martha J. M. , Klinghoffer Naomi B. , Berruti Franco , Miot Alexandre , Bell Katherine Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPyrolysis has been identified as a possible thermal treatment process for reducing perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from wastewater solids, though off‐gas from the pyrolysis unit can still be a source of PFAS emissions. In this work, the fate of PFAS through a laboratory‐scale pyrolysis unit coupled with a thermal oxidizer for treatment of off‐gasses is documented. Between 91.5% and >99.9% reduction was observed through the entire system for specific compounds based on targeted analyses. Overall, the pyrolysis and thermal oxidizer system removed 99.4% of the PFAS moles introduced. Furthermore, shorter chain variants comprised the majority of reportable PFAS in the thermal oxidizer flue gas, indicating the longer chain compounds present in the dried biosolids fed to pyrolyzer decompose through the system.Practitioner Points
Thermal oxidation is a promising treatment technology for exhaust systems associated with thermal biosolids treatments.
Thermal oxidation demonstrated significant degradation capabilities, with gas phase emissions comprising only 0.200% of initial PFAS concentrations to the system.
Short‐chain PFAS made up a higher percent of thermal oxidizer emissions, ranging between 54.4% and 79.5% of PFAS in the exhaust on a molar basis.
The possibility of recombinant PFAS formation and partial thermal decomposition of PFAS in thermal oxidation is a needed area of research.
Structural Diversity of Cadmium Complexes with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Isothiocyanate Zwitterionic Ligand
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Das Suman , Jain Archana , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we discuss the synthesis and structural characterization of three N‐heterocyclic carbene isothiocyanate zwitterionic ligands, 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐2‐N‐phenyl‐thiocarbamoyl imidazolium (ImDipp‐CSNPh, L1), 1,3‐bis(tert‐butyl)‐2‐N‐phenylthiocarbamoyl imidazolium (ImtBu‐CSNPh, L2) and 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐2‐N‐phenylthiocarbamoyl imidazolium (ImMes‐CSNPh, L3) and their cadmium complexes, [(ImDipp‐CSNPh)2CdCl][CdCl3] (1) and [(ImtBu‐CSNPh)Cd(μ‐Cl)Cl]2 (2). Both bench‐stable cadmium complexes were synthesized by directly reacting the corresponding NHC‐CSNPh adducts with anhydrous cadmium chloride. The solid‐state structures of zwitterionic NHC‐isothiocyanate betaine adducts (L1‐L3) and cadmium complexes (1 and 2) were investigated with the assistance of single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. A steric modification of N‐substituent on NHC governs a unique structural change from betaine ImDipp‐CSNPh coordinated cationic cadmium complex to neutral dimeric cadmium complex with ImtBu‐CSNPh.
Field theory for superconducting branes and generalized particle-vortex duality
Authors: Kawana Kiyoharu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose a field theory of closed p-brane Cp interacting with a (p + 1)-form gauge field Ap+1. This is a generalization of the Ginzburg-Landau theory (Abelian-Higgs model) for superconducting particles to higher-dimensional superconducting branes. A higher-form gauge invariant action is constructed by utilizing the Area derivative, which is a higher-dimensional generalization of the ordinary derivative. We find that the fundamental phenomena of superconductivity, such as the Meisser effect, topological defects, topological order, are naturally extended in the brane-field theory. We explicitly construct a topologically non-trivial static configuration that is characterized by the first homotopy group. Then, we calculate the low-energy effective theory in the presence of the topological defect and find that it is described by a BF-type topological field theory coupled with the world-volume of the topological defect. We also discuss a potential duality between the superconducting brane-field model and a brane-field model with a global U(1) higher-form symmetry as a generalization of the Particle-Vortex duality.
Trace anomalies and the graviton-dilaton amplitude
Authors: Karateev Denis , Komargodski Zohar , Penedones João , Sahoo Biswajit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider 3+1 dimensional Quantum Field Theories (QFTs) coupled to the dilaton and the graviton. We show that the graviton-dilaton scattering amplitude receives a universal contribution which is helicity flipping and is proportional to ∆c − ∆a along any RG flow, where ∆c and ∆a are the differences of the UV and IR c- and a-trace anomalies respectively. This allows us to relate ∆c − ∆a to spinning massive states in the spectrum of the QFT. We test our predictions in two simple examples: in the theory of a massive free scalar and in the theory of a massive Dirac fermion (a more complicated example is provided in a companion paper [1]). We discuss possible applications.
Confinement and screening via holographic Wilson loops
Authors: Giliberti Mauro , Fatemiabhari Ali , Nunez Carlos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present the holographic dual to a family of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs in four dimensions, deformed by a VEV leading to a gapped system. We calculate Wilson loops in this system containing adjoint, bifundamental, and fundamental matter. We calculate the quark-antiquark energy E in terms of their separation L, finding an approximate analytic expression for E(L). This expression shows the transition between conformal, confining, and screened behaviors. Interesting phenomenology is discussed in a variety of examples. The tool used is the minimization of the F1 string action, for which the code used is made publicly available.
Effectiveness and Safety of Shorter Incontinence Slings
Authors: Rimstad Kjersti , Oversand Sissel Hegdahl , Engh Marie Ellström , Svenningsen Rune 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction and Hypothesis
Traditional slings, tension-free vaginal tape obturator inside-out (TVT-O) and tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), have well-documented continence outcomes but can cause serious complications. This study was aimed at evaluating whether slings with less synthetic material, Ajust™ and TVT-O Abbrevo™ (TVT-A), have comparable 6– to 12-month failure and complication rates, including risk of prolonged postoperative pain, compared with traditional slings.

Methods
A registry study from the Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry (NFIR) including 611 Ajust™, 2,772 TVT-A, and 18,612 traditional slings was carried out. Preoperative, surgical, and 6– to 12-month follow-up data from the period 2009–2021 were used. Objective failure was defined as ≥ 1-g leakage on standardized cough-jump stress test. Subjective failure was defined as stress index-score ≥ 3 on a validated questionnaire. Prolonged postoperative pain was defined as lasting > 3 months.

Results
At first follow-up after 6–12 months, the groups differed significantly. Objective failure rates were as follows: Ajust™ 15.4%, TVT-A 13.5%, and traditional slings 7.3%, p < 0.01. Subjective failure rates were as follows: Ajust™ 23.4%, TVT-A 23.8%, and traditional slings 18.8%, p < 0.01. Shorter slings had fewer overall complications (Ajust™ 4.9% vs TVT-A 6.5% vs traditional slings 9.3%, p < 0.01), but did not have less prolonged postoperative pain (TVT-A: 1.4% vs Ajust™ 0.8% vs traditional slings 0.7%, p < 0.01 < 0.01). All presented outcomes remained significant after adjusting for differences at baseline.

Conclusions
Shorter slings have inferior subjective and objective continence outcomes at 6–12 months, but fewer overall complications except for prolonged postoperative pain.
Early detection of heartwood rot caused by Fistulina hepatica in Castanea sativa productive coppices through low-invasive resistance drilling
Authors: Meijer Andreu , Muñoz-Adalia E. Jordán , Correal-Mòdol Eduard , Colinas Carlos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chestnut Red Stain (CRS) is a heartwood discoloration that widely affects Castanea sativa Mill. productive coppice stands in the northeast of Spain. At the early stages of infection, the structural properties of the wood are not affected, but still its economic value drops up to 70% due to the rejection of this wood. This disease is caused by the fungus Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With. and causes uncertainty to forest managers since the fungal infection is virtually impossible to detect before felling. The objective of this work was to develop an efficient detection method to evaluate the presence of F. hepatica in early stages of productive periods. A total of 72 chestnuts were analyzed through molecular methods to determine the presence of F. hepatica and with an IML resistance drill to characterize their wood. Thirteen wood quality indices were calculated and their correlation with the presence of the pathogen was evaluated using linear mixed models. We found clear differences between healthy and infected trees in four indices. A new specific index (Chestnut Red Stain Danger index) was designed to estimate the probability of infection by F. hepatica. The results support the hypothesis that the early presence of F. hepatica is detectable through inexpensive and fast mechanical methods early in a rotation. The results of this work will help forest managers evaluate the incidence of CRS, as well as it establishes a novel methodology for further development of resistance drilling techniques for heartwood rot detection.
‘Slow down, one detail at the time!’ the influence of reflective-impulsive cognitive style on the recollection of criminal events
Authors: Glomb Kaja , Piotrowski Przemysław , Gulla Bożena , Romanowska Iza , Mastek Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of the reflective-impulsive dimension of cognitive styles on recollection and the accuracy of a criminal events. In a VR-based experimental study, 150 participants were exposed to both criminal and neutral scenarios and subsequently asked to report everything they remembered about them. Cognitive styles were assessed using a computer-administered Matching Familiar Figures Test. The findings highlight that individuals with a reflective cognitive style consistently provided detailed descriptions of the events, irrespective of the context of encoding. In contrast, individuals with an impulsive cognitive style displayed context-specific effects, notably reduced performance when recalling emotionally charged criminal events. Notably, cognitive style did not moderate the accuracy of testimony. Given that the subjects who observed the crime achieved a lower overall accuracy rate than those who observed the neutral video, it appears that accuracy is directly affected by the criminal content.
Prognostic factors in clear cell sarcoma: an analysis of soft tissue sarcoma in 43 cases
Authors: Grothues Janik , Hardes Jendrik , Agaimy Abbas , Collaud Stephane , Podleska Lars , Farzalyev Farhad , Engel Nina Myline , Hamacher Rainer , Fletcher Benjamin , Pöttgen Christoph , Bertram Stefanie , Schildhaus Hans-Ulrich , Streitbürger Arne , Bauer Sebastian , Falkenhorst Johanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) of tendons and aponeuroses and CCS-like malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor/sarcoma (GINET) are characterized by frequent local and distant relapses, alongside with low efficacy of all systemic treatments. We aimed to collect a comprehensive dataset to identify prognostic factors and treatment outcomes.

Methods
We performed a retrospective single center analysis for diagnosed CCS and GINET on demographic, tumor, treatment and survival data.

Results
We identified 43 patients (w:25, m:18) with a median follow-up of 35mo and a 5y-OS-rate of 42%. At diagnosis the median age was 42yrs. Median tumor size was 3.6 cm (0.3–11.1 cm), and 24/26 (94%) tissues analyzed at our institute were EWSR1::ATF1-translocation-positive. Distant extremities (incl. knee or elbow) were affected in 72.5%. Of note, 79.5% received an excisional biopsy (benign histology suspected in 30.2%) leading to frequent incomplete resection. Final R0 status correlated significantly (p = 0.017) with longer survival rates compared to R + status in localized CCS (N0M0, 5-yr OS 0% vs 64%). Radiation and systemic treatment had limited antitumor effects while isolated limb perfusion was active in some patients. 18.6% of patients showed lymphatic spread and 20.9% distant metastases. Presence of initial M + was associated with a dismal survival of 1.4 years (M +) vs 7.1 years (M0; p < .001).

Conclusion
We here present one of the largest clinical cohorts of patients with CCS/GINET. Our data underscores the exceptional risk of metastatic disease even in small tumors. As systemic treatment and radiation showed limited efficacy, complete resection was the most important treatment option.
A Bayesian spatio-temporal model for cluster detection: identifying HPV suboptimal vaccine coverage
Authors: López-Lacort Mónica , Corberán-Vallet Ana , Briz-Redón Álvaro , Santonja Gómez Francisco J. , Muñoz-Quiles Cintia , Orrico-Sánchez Alejandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted virus responsible for several types of cancer. HPV vaccines have been included in the systematic vaccination of the Valencia Region since 2008. Despite clinical agreement on the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in many areas. In order to facilitate the implementation of targeted strategies to enhance vaccination coverage, we develop here an easy-to-implement spatio-temporal clustering model that identifies groups of health districts that share similar behaviour. Namely, health districts are clustered twice. First, they are grouped into spatial clusters based on their underlying vaccination coverage that remains constant over time. Second, they are clustered according to their evolution of annual vaccination rates. A feature of our model is that it does not impose that geographically neighboring areas are assigned to the same spatial cluster or the same temporal trend. This flexibility allows us to explore different spatial and temporal structures. Suboptimal HPV vaccination coverage was found in some health districts. The results reveal the presence of three spatial clusters, with estimated coverage ranging between 82 and 97%, for 14-year-old girls and five clusters for 12-year-old girls, with coverage ranging between 61 and 96%. However, most health districts in this age group show an increasing vaccination trend. The need for future efforts to identify factors causing suboptimal vaccination coverage so that they can be acted upon specifically is highlighted.
Assessing climate change threats and urbanization impacts on surface runoff in Gdańsk (Poland): insights from remote sensing, machine learning and hydrological modeling
Authors: Gulshad Khansa , Szydłowski Michał , Mustafa Andam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes and climate change on surface runoff in Gdańsk, Poland, which is crucial for local LULC planning and urban flood risk management. The analysis employs two primary methodologies: remote sensing and hydrological modeling. Remote sensing was conducted using Google Earth Engine and Land Change Modeler in IDRISI Terrset software to analyze historical (1985–2022) and future (2050–2100) LULC. Hydrological modeling was performed using the Natural Resources Conservation Service curve number method to assess the overall impact of LULC changes on Gdańsk’s hydrology at the local scale. The Orunia basin, a critical area due to intensive LULC development, was selected for detailed hydrological analysis using the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). The analysis encompassed three scenarios: LULC changes, climate change, and combined LULC and climate change effects. The LULC analysis revealed a marked increase in urban area, a shift in forest and vegetation cover, and a reduction in agricultural land. HEC-HMS simulations showed an increase in the runoff coefficient across selected decades, which was attributed to the combined effect of LULC and climate change. The projected increases under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for 2050 and 2100 are projected to surpass those observed during the baseline period. The findings highlight that the synergistic effects of LULC and climate change have a more significant impact on Gdańsk’s hydrology at both local and basin scales than their separate effects. These insights into LULC shifts and urban hydrological responses hold implications for sustainable urban planning and effective flood risk management in Gdańsk and similar urban settings.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials add to the power of established parameters such as poor cognitive performance, dsyosmia and APOe genotype to predict cognitive decline over 8 years in the elderly
Authors: Herrmann Martin J. , Wuttke Alexandra , Breuninger Linda , Eff Judith , Ettlinger Sophia , Fischer Matthias , Götzelmann Andrea , Gram Annika , Pomper Laura D. , Schneider Evelyn , Schwitalla Lisa , Siminski Niklas , Spielmann Fabian , Weinmann Erik , Weyel Viona , Zeller Julia B. M. , Lauer Martin , Deckert Jürgen , Polak Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s dementia is the main cause of cognitive impairment in people over the age of 65, with Alzheimer’s disease starting presumably 10–15 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. It is therefore important to recognize dementia at an early stage and identify possible predictors. The existing methods, like different parameters of ß-Amyloid and Tau quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the living brain by measure of PET, are invasive and expensive. Therefore, the present study investigates the predictive value of a battery of clinical, neuropsychological, and blood parameters as well as two neurophysiological methods (functional near-infrared spectroscopy [fNIRS] and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials [VSEP]) which are easy to perform, less invasive and cost-efficient, for developing cognitive impairments in the elderly.
In this longitudinal, prospective study, we enrolled 604 healthy participants between 70 and 77 years of age. The participants were invited back after a mean time interval of 3 years and 11 months, and after 7 years and 8 months, and their cognitive impairments were determined.
Here we show that the development of cognitive impairments after approximately 8 years can be predicted not only by previously known risk factors such as ApoE4 risk alleles, dysosmia, or poor cognitive performance at baseline but that latency prolongation in the VSEP and altered functional activation patterns measured by NIRS at baseline also provide additional predictive value.
We therefore suggest that both neurophysiological parameters, VSEP and NIRS, should be included in future studies, investigating the prediction of dementia.

Dementia ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02224326.