bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature birth was not associated with increased body fatness in four‐year‐old boys and girls
Authors: Forsum Elisabet Katarina , Flinke Eva , Olhager Elisabeth ,   The body composition study group
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimPremature birth is a worldwide problem and increases the risk of chronic disease later in life. Prematurely born infants may have a high percentage of body fat at term‐equivalent age, but it is unclear if this characteristic is maintained in childhood. Therefore, we compared the size and body composition of four‐year‐old prematurely born children to such values of full‐term controls.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2015, we assessed weight, height, fat mass and fat‐free mass, using air displacement plethysmography in 188 reasonably healthy prematurely born four‐year‐olds (98 boys).ResultsAt four years of age, prematurely born children (gestational weeks at birth: 23.3‐36.9) tended to be lighter and shorter and to contain less fat mass and fat‐free mass than did full‐term controls. The gestational age at birth of the prematurely born children correlated positively and significantly (P < .05) with height, weight, body mass index, fat mass (kg, %), fat mass index and fat‐free mass (kg) in girls but not in boys.ConclusionPrematurity was not associated with increased body fatness in our four‐year‐olds. Our findings are relevant in relation to previously published results showing that premature birth is associated with chronic disease later in life.
Editorial: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Han Zhenyan , Hou Hongying 
Published: August 2019

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Chang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15321 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15404.
From engineer to taxi driver? Language proficiency and the occupational skills of immigrants
Authors: Imai Susumu , Stacey Derek , Warman Casey 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine the ability of immigrants to transfer the occupational human capital they acquired prior to immigration. We first augment a model of occupational choice to study the implications of language proficiency on the cross‐border transferability of occupational human capital. We then explore the empirical predictions using information about the skill requirements from O*NET and a unique dataset that includes both the last source country occupation and the first four years of occupations in Canada. We supplement the analysis using Census estimates for the same cohort with source country occupational skill requirements predicted using detailed human capital related information such as field of study. We find that male immigrants to Canada were employed in source country occupations that typically require high levels of cognitive skills, but rely less intently on manual skills. Following immigration, they find initial employment in occupations that require the opposite. Consistent with the hypothesized asymmetric role of language in the transferability of previously acquired cognitive and manual skills, these discrepancies are larger among immigrants with limited language fluency.
Plasma levels of soluble membrane attack complex are elevated despite viral suppression in HIV patients with poor immune reconstitution
Authors: Schein T N , Blackburn T E , Heath S L , Barnum S R 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe complement system is now a therapeutic target for the management of serious and life-threatening conditions such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, glomerulonephritis and other diseases caused by complement deficiencies or genetic variants. As complement therapeutics expand into more clinical conditions, monitoring complement activation is increasingly important, as is the baseline levels of complement activation fragments in blood or other body fluid levels. Although baseline complement levels have been reported in the literature, the majority of these data were generated using non-standard assays and with variable sample handling, potentially skewing results. In this study, we examined the plasma and serum levels of the soluble membrane attack complex of complement (sMAC). sMAC is formed in the fluid phase when complement is activated through the terminal pathway. It binds the regulatory proteins vitronectin and/or clusterin and cannot insert into cell membranes, and can serve as a soluble diagnostic marker in infectious disease settings, as previously shown for intraventricular shunt infections. Here we show that in healthy adults, serum sMAC levels were significantly higher than those in plasma, that plasma sMAC levels were similar between in African Americans and Caucasians and that plasma sMAC levels increase with age. Plasma sMAC levels were significantly higher in virally suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to non-HIV infected healthy donors. More specifically, PLWH with CD4+ T cell counts below 200 had even greater sMAC levels, suggesting diagnostic value in monitoring sMAC levels in this group.
The biodiversity benefit of native forests and mixed‐species plantations over monoculture plantations
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Hua Fangyuan , Wang Lin , Wilcove David S. , Yu Douglas W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimChina's Grain for Green Program (GFGP) is the largest reforestation programme in the world and has been operating since 1999. The GFGP has promoted the establishment of tree plantations over the restoration of diverse native forests. In a previous study, we showed that native forests support a higher species richness and abundance of birds and bees than do GFGP plantations and that mixed‐species GFGP plantations support a higher level of bird (but not bee) diversity than do any individual GFGP monocultures (although still below that of native forests). Here, we use metabarcoding of arthropod diversity to test the generality of these results.LocationSichuan, China.MethodsWe sampled arthropod communities using pan traps in the land cover types concerned under the GFGP. These land use types include croplands (the land cover being reforested under the GFGP), native forests (the reference ecosystem as the benchmark for the GFGP’s biodiversity effects) and the dominant GFGP reforestation outcomes: monoculture and mixed‐species plantations. We used COI‐amplicon sequencing (“metabarcoding”) of the arthropod samples to quantify and assess the arthropod community profiles associated with each land cover type.ResultsNative forests support the highest overall levels of arthropod species diversity, followed by mixed‐species plantations, followed by bamboo and other monocultures. Also, the arthropod community in native forests shares more species with mixed‐species plantations than it does with any of the monocultures. Together, these results broadly corroborate our previous conclusions on birds and bees but show a higher arthropod biodiversity value of mixed‐species plantations than previously indicated by bees alone.Main conclusionIn our previous study, we recommended that GFGP should prioritize the conservation and restoration of native forests. Also, where plantations are to be used, we recommended that the GFGP should promote mixed‐species arrangements over monocultures. Both these recommendations should result in more effective protection of terrestrial biodiversity, which is an important objective of China's land‐sustainability spending. The results of this study strengthen these recommendations because our policy prescriptions are now also based on a dataset that includes over 500 species‐resolution taxa, ranging across the Arthropoda.
Stable isotopes are quantitative indicators of trophic niche
Authors: Marshall Harry H. , Inger Richard , Jackson Andrew L. , McDonald Robbie A. , Thompson Faye J. , Cant Michael A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHette‐Tronquart (2019, Ecol. Lett.) raises three concerns about our interpretation of stable isotope data in Sheppard et al. (2018, Ecol. Lett., 21, 665). We feel that these concerns are based on comparisons that are unreasonable or ignore the ecological context from which the data were collected. Stable isotope ratios provide a quantitative indication of, rather than being exactly equivalent to, trophic niche.
The safety and efficacy of neuromodulation using percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the management of trigeminal‐mediated headshaking in 168 horses
Authors: Roberts V. L. H. , Bailey M. ,   The Equipens™ group, Patel N. K. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundEarly results from the use of neuromodulation by percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the management of trigeminal‐mediated headshaking in horses were promising but lacked sufficient case numbers and long‐term follow‐up. The neuromodulatory procedure has since been established as EquiPENS™.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to report long‐term results from a larger number of cases and to investigate for predictors of outcome.Study designProspective case series using international, multi‐centre data.MethodsEligible cases were horses with a veterinary diagnosis of trigeminal‐mediated headshaking, which received EquiPENS™ neuromodulation at trained centres between August 2013 and November 2017. The standard protocol was an initial three‐procedure course, with additional procedures should a horse go into remission but then relapse. Data collected included signalment, history, diagnostic tests performed, details of any complications, whether horses had gone into remission and the length of remission.ResultsResults were obtained from 168 horses, with 530 procedures. The complication rate was 8.8% of procedures. In all but one case, complications were mild and transient, without self‐trauma. Remission of headshaking following the initial course occurred in 53% (72/136) of horses. Median length of time recorded in remission was 9.5 weeks (range 2 days to 156 weeks ongoing). Where signs recurred, most horses went back into remission following additional procedures, usually for longer than from the previous procedure. No predictors for outcome were determined.Main limitationsNo placebo or control group, owner‐assessed results.ConclusionsEquiPENS™ neuromodulation can be an effective and safe treatment for the management of trigeminal‐mediated headshaking in some horses. An increased understanding of neuromodulation could help optimise the technique. Advances in treatment for trigeminal‐mediated headshaking will remain limited until there is a greater understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of the condition.
Parameterizing neural networks for disease classification
Authors: Bahra Guryash , Wiese Lena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeural networks are one option to implement decision support systems for health care applications. In this paper, we identify optimal settings of neural networks for medical diagnoses: The study involves the application of supervised machine learning using an artificial neural network to distinguish between gout and leukaemia patients. With the objective to improve the base accuracy (calculated from the initial set‐up of the neural network model), several enhancements are analysed, such as the use of hyperbolic tangent activation function instead of the sigmoid function, the use of two hidden layers instead of one, and transforming the measurements with linear regression to obtain a smoothened data set. Another setting we study is the impact on the accuracy when using a data set of reduced size but with higher data quality. We also discuss the tradeoff between accuracy and runtime efficiency.
Whose story is it? Mental health consumer and carer views on carer participation in research
Authors: Morse Alyssa R. , Forbes Owen , Jones Bethany A. , Gulliver Amelia , Banfield Michelle 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMental health carers contribute a unique set of perspectives and lived experiences to research; however, national research ethics guidelines do not specifically address the issues that affect informal carers as participants.ObjectiveThis study sought to explore Australian mental health consumer and carer views on the ethical conduct of research involving mental health carers.DesignA public forum (n = 14; consumer = 5, carer = 9) and a subsequent series of interviews (n = 10; consumer = 5, carer = 4, both = 1) were conducted to investigate consumer and carer views on mental health research ethics. Data collection and analysis drew strongly on methodological features of grounded theory.ResultsConducting research involving carers and consumer‐carer relationships raises potential concerns related to story ownership. Lived experience stories have shared and separate elements; thus, it is important to consider potential risks to the privacy of non‐participants and of social harm to participants' relationships when conducting research in this space. These risks could be minimized and managed through communication between researchers and participants, and within relationships.ConclusionsWhen conducting research involving carers and consumer‐carer relationships, researchers may need to facilitate the negotiation of information‐sharing boundaries within relationships and the safe and confidential telling of shared stories.
Cosmetic benefits of a novel biomimetic lamellar formulation containing niacinamide in healthy females with oily, blemish‐prone skin in a randomized proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Santos-Caetano J.-P. , Gfeller C. F. , Mahalingam H. , Thompson M. , Moore D. J. , Vila R. , Doi R. , Cargill M. R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveA randomized study was designed to evaluate the potential cosmetic benefit of a biomimetic, niacinamide‐containing moisturizing cream in oily, blemish‐prone skin.MethodsHealthy adult women with oily, blemish‐prone skin were randomized to one of three treatment groups: test, control, or positive control. In the test group, subjects used the test product (containing 4% niacinamide), plus the standard cleanser (Simple® Kind to Skin Moisturizing Facial Wash). In the control group, subjects received no moisturizer but used the standard cleanser. In the positive control group, subjects used Vivatinell Acnecinamide® Gel Cream (containing 4% niacinamide) as a moisturizer and Neutrogena Visibly Clear® Spot Clearing Facial Wash (containing 2% salicylic acid) as a cleanser. The positive control regimen was included to provide a comparison for estimates of effect size. The primary objective was to evaluate skin moisturization as a change from baseline in corneometer values at 8 h for the test regimen vs. the control regimen. Analysis of covariance was applied for the primary efficacy analysis.ResultsA total of 132 subjects were randomized with 44 included in each treatment group. A significant difference was observed in the primary endpoint for the test regimen compared with the control regimen (least‐squares mean difference [95% CI]: 3.12 [0.68, 5.56], P = 0.0128). A trend was observed in favour of the positive control regimen compared with the control regimen. Secondary measurements of moisturization supported the primary efficacy outcome. Assessment of blemishes showed a significant difference between the test regimen vs. the control regimen for change from baseline in mean total blemish count at Week 8 (least‐squares mean difference [95% CI]: −1.80 [−3.41, −0.19], P = 0.0290). No statistical comparisons between the positive control group and the test group were performed.ConclusionThis study provides proof‐of‐concept evidence that a novel lamellar lipid moisturizer containing niacinamide, in combination with a standard cleanser, can help moisturize the skin and provide an overall improvement in the complexion appearance of people with blemish‐prone skin. Study registration: NCT03093181.
Nomenclature proposal for the sonographic description and reporting of soft tissue fillers
Authors: Schelke Leonie W. , Cassuto Daniel , Velthuis Peter , Wortsman Ximena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a steady increase in publications about the use of ultrasound and filler treatments, written by physicians from different specialties. The terminology used to describe the ultrasound images of fillers is not uniform, making the different articles difficult to compare. Standardization of the descriptions based on their basic sonographic parameters is recommendable.AimsThe purpose of this study is to propose a nomenclature for the sonographic description and reporting of cosmetic fillers.MethodsAn assessment of articles indexed for MEDLINE/PubMed and Embed electronic database was conducted; in total of 39 articles could be included.ResultsAll articles were investigated for their sonographic descriptions of soft tissue fillers. Ten parameters used for describing and monitoring soft tissue fillers were distinguished.ConclusionThe proposed sonographic descriptions for cosmetic fillers may contribute to a better standardization and understanding fillers ultrasound images in the reports or literature.
F127 poloxamer effect on cytotoxicity induction of tumour cell cultures treated with doxorubicin
Authors: Gentile Emiliano Alberto , Castronuovo Cynthia Cecilia , Cuestas María Luján , Gómez Natalia , Davio Carlos , Oubiña José Raúl , Mathet Verónica Lidia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common liver malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. One crucial limitation in the pharmacotherapy for this tumour is its chemotherapy-resistant nature produced by the overexpression of several members of the ATP-binding cassette protein family that efflux drugs out of cells, as observed with the breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP).

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the ability of Pluronic® F127 to reverse the multidrug resistance phenotype in two human hepatocellular cell lines.

Methods
PLC/PRF/5 and SKHep1 cells were exposed to Pluronic® F127 at several concentrations. The effect of F127 on BCRP expression (mRNA and protein), mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cell hypodiploidy was assessed. Finally, the effect of this copolymer on cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in both hepatoma cell lines was investigated, as expressed by its reverse resistance index.

Key findings
It was demonstrated that F127 in both cell lines contributes to chemosensitization, as shown by BCRP down-regulation, an altered mitochondrial transmembrane potential and hypodiploidy and reverse resistance index values. A remarkable dependence of these effects significantly correlated with the copolymer concentration.

Conclusions
These findings further uncover the potential usefulness of this copolymer as multidrug resistance reversal agent, increasing the efficacy of cancer therapies.
The effect of induction with propofol or ketamine and diazepam on quality of anaesthetic recovery in dogs
Authors: Reed R. A. , Quandt J. E. , Brainard B. M. , Copeland J. E. , Hofmeister E. H. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of recovery in dogs undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery induced with either propofol or a combination of ketamine and diazepam.Materials and MethodsSixty client‐owned dogs undergoing single‐limb elective orthopaedic procedures were enrolled. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive induction with propofol (4 mg/kg) (group P) or ketamine (5 mg/kg) with diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) (group KD) to which all scorers were blinded. The recovery monitoring period lasted for 1 hour following extubation. The recovery period was video‐recorded for blinded scoring at a later time. Scoring for quality of recovery was carried out using three different systems (lower numbers=better quality): a simple descriptive scale (1 to 5), a visual analogue scale (0 to 10 cm) and a numeric rating scale (0 to 10). Videos were reviewed by three ACVAA board‐certified anaesthesiologist raters.ResultsFive dogs were deemed to be ineligible. The mean (±SD) duration of anaesthesia was 260.4 ±57.84 minutes in group KD and 261.1 ±51.83 minutes in group P. There was no difference between groups for time to extubation, head lift or sternal recumbency. The number of dogs having a recovery that was scored overall as bad (mean simple descriptive scale > 4, mean visual analogue scale or numeric rating scale > 5) was not different between groups. Dogs in group KD had significantly lower scores than group P dogs (simple descriptive scale P=0.01, numeric rating scale P=0.03, visual analogue scale P=0.03).Clinical SignificanceInduction with ketamine and diazepam resulted in a smoother recovery from anaesthesia than induction with propofol.
Surface markers: An identity card of endothelial cells
Authors: Ribatti Domenico , Tamma Roberto , Ruggieri Simona , Annese Tiziana , Crivellato Enrico 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAll endothelial cells have the common characteristic that they line the vessels of the blood circulatory system. However, endothelial cells display a large degree of heterogeneity in the function of their location in the vascular tree. In this article, we have summarized the expression patterns of a number of well‐accepted endothelial surface markers present in normal microvascular endothelial cells, arterial and venous endothelial cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, tumor endothelial cells, and endothelial precursor cells.
Disruption of the OLE ribonucleoprotein complex causes magnesium toxicity in Bacillus halodurans
Authors: Harris Kimberly A. , Odzer Nicole B. , Breaker Ronald R. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryOLE RNAs represent an unusual class of bacterial noncoding RNAs common in Gram‐positive anaerobes. The OLE RNA of the alkaliphile Bacillus halodurans is highly expressed and naturally interacts with at least two RNA‐binding proteins called OapA and OapB. The phenotypes of the corresponding knockouts include growth inhibition when exposed to ethanol or other short‐chain alcohols or when incubated at modestly reduced temperatures (e.g. 20°C). Intriguingly, the OapA ‘PM1’ mutant, which carries two amino acid changes to a highly conserved region, yields a dominant‐negative phenotype that causes more severe growth defects under these same stress conditions. Herein, we report that the PM1 strain also exhibits extreme sensitivity to elevated Mg2+ concentrations, beginning as low as 2 mM. Suppressor mutants predominantly map to genes for aconitate hydratase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, which are expected to alter cellular citrate concentrations. Citrate reduces the severity of the Mg2+ toxicity phenotype, but neither the genomic mutations nor the addition of citrate to the medium overcomes ethanol toxicity or temperature sensitivity. These findings reveal that OLE RNA and its protein partners are involved in biochemical responses under several stress conditions, wherein the unusual sensitivity to Mg2+ can be independently suppressed by specific genomic mutations.