bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Pitch Variation and Diameter Variation on Screw Pullout
Authors: Gustafson Peter A , Veenstra Joshua M , Bearden Cody R , Jastifer James R. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: There are many screw and thread designs commercially available to surgeons for bone fixation. There is a paucity of literature on comparative mechanical properties of various screw and thread designs including variable pitch screws, and tapered screws. This purpose of this study was to test whether varying a screws thread pitch and/or tapering a screws core diameter alters the mechanical performance of screws. Methods: A mechanical pullout test was performed on 4 different screw designs, including a variable pitch screw, a constant pitch screw, and variations of these in a straight and tapered screw design. Three-dimensional printing technology was used to manufacture the metal screws in order to control for as many variables as possible. Results: The pullout strength of the constant pitch screws (304.9 ± 25.3 N, P < .001) was significantly greater than the variable pitch screws (259.7 ± 23.4 N). The pullout strength was also significantly greater for screws with a tapered diameter (305.4 ± 24.1 N) than a constant diameter (259.1 ± 23.5N, P < .001). Tapered diameter variable pitch screws had the largest stiffness overall, which was statistically significant against all other groups ( P ⩽ .001). Conclusion: The pullout strength is significantly greater for screws with a tapered diameter than a constant diameter and greater for screws with a constant pitch than for a variable pitch. Results of stiffness testing is mixed depending on the screw taper. The clinical significance of this study is that it provides data on the effects that thread design and tapering have on the pullout strength of screws. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Mechanical study
Best mode of inspiratory muscle training in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sadek Zahra , Salami Ali , Joumaa Wissam H , Awada Charifa , Ahmaidi Said , Ramadan Wiam 
Published: August 2018

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on inspiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and dyspnoea for patients with chronic heart failure, by summarising the published research on the effects of inspiratory muscle training. To identify the best mode of intervention in terms of: the load of maximal inspiratory pressure; the frequency of sessions; and the total duration of intervention. Methods A relevant literature research using the PubMed database, Cochrane and references of published studies, from 1998 to 2016, was conducted. Out of 65 randomised controlled trials, seven were considered as potentially relevant and were retrieved for detailed analysis. The methodological quality of each randomised controlled trial was rated using the physiotherapy evidence database scale. Results The included seven studies contained data on 203 patients. Typical training protocols involved training three, six or seven times per week with intensity ranging from 30% to 60% and for a duration ranging from 6 to 12 weeks. Maximal inspiratory pressure, walking distance and dyspnoea were improved in all studies and especially in those who set a load of 60% in their maximal inspiratory pressure, and have trained patients six times per week for 12 weeks. Conclusion In chronic heart failure patients, inspiratory muscle training results in a marked improvement in inspiratory muscle strength, walking distance and dyspnoea, notably when training patients at 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure, six times per week and for 12 weeks. A small number of studies and heterogeneity among studies may limit the findings of the present study.
Testing the effectiveness and implementation of a brief version of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) in Ukraine: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Murray Laura K. , Haroz Emily E. , Doty Benjamin , Singh Namrita S. , Bogdanov Sergey , Bass Judith , Dorsey Shannon , Bolton Paul 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
Mental illness is a major public health concern. Despite progress understanding which treatments work, a significant treatment gap remains. An ongoing concern is treatment length. Modular, flexible, transdiagnostic approaches have been offered as one solution to scalability challenges. The Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) is one such approach and offers the ability to treat a wide range of common mental health problems. CETA is supported by two randomized trials from low- and middle-income countries showing strong effectiveness and implementation outcomes.

Methods/design
This trial evaluates the effectiveness and implementation of two versions of CETA using a non-inferiority design to test two primary hypotheses: (1) a brief five-session version of CETA (Brief CETA) will provide similar effectiveness for reducing the severity of common mental health problems such as depression, post-traumatic stress, impaired functioning, anxiety, and substance use problems compared with the standard 8–12-session version of CETA (Standard CETA); and (2) both Brief and Standard CETA will have superior impact on the outcomes compared to a wait-list control condition. For both hypotheses, the main effect will be assessed using longitudinal data and mixed-effects regression models over a 6-month period post baseline. A secondary aim includes exploration of implementation factors. Additional planned analyses will include exploration of: moderators of treatment impact by disorder severity and comorbidity; the impact of individual therapeutic components; and trends in symptom change between end of treatment and 6-month assessment for all participants.

Discussion
This trial is the first rigorous study comparing a standard-length (8–12 sessions) modular, flexible, transdiagnostic, cognitive-behavioral approach to a shortened version of the approach (five sessions). Brief CETA entails “front-loading” with elements that research suggests are strong mechanisms of change. The study design will allow us to draw conclusions about the effects of both Brief and Standard CETA as well as which elements are integral to their mechanisms of action, informing future implementation and fidelity efforts. The results from this trial will inform future dissemination, implementation and scale-up of CETA in Ukraine and contribute to our understanding of the effects of modular, flexible, transdiagnostic approaches in similar contexts.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03058302 (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Registered on 20 February 2017.
The Migraine Premonitory Phase
Authors: Karsan Nazia , Bose Pyari , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The premonitory phase of migraine is defined as the presence of nonpainful symptomatology occurring hours to days before the onset of headache. Symptoms can include neck stiffness, yawning, thirst, and increased frequency of micturition. Clinical recognition of these symptoms is important to ensure early and effective attack management. Further understanding of the clinical phenotype and neurobiological mediation of these symptoms is important in the advancement of therapeutics research in both acute and preventive treatments of migraine.

RECENT FINDINGS
Since 2014, functional imaging studies have been conducted during the premonitory stage of migraine and have provided novel insights into the early neurobiology and anatomy of the earliest stage of the migraine attack. These studies have shown early involvement of subcortical brain areas including the hypothalamus, substantia nigra, dorsal pons, and various limbic cortical areas, including the anterior cingulate cortex during the premonitory phase. More recent work has revealed altered hypothalamic-brainstem functional connectivity during migraine, which starts before the onset of pain. These exciting findings have provided functional correlation of the symptoms experienced by patients and changes seen on functional brain imaging.

SUMMARY
This article focuses on the prevalence, phenotype, and proposed neurobiology of premonitory symptomatology in migraineurs as well as the scope of future research.
The Migraine Aura
Authors: Charles Andrew 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article discusses the basic mechanisms of migraine aura and its clinical significance based upon evidence from human studies and animal models.

RECENT FINDINGS
Prospective clinical studies have reinforced the understanding that migraine aura is highly variable from one individual to the next as well as from attack to attack in an individual. While migraine with aura clearly has a higher heritability than migraine without aura, population studies have not identified specific genes that underlie this heritability for typical migraine with aura. Imaging studies reveal hypoperfusion associated with migraine aura, although the timing and distribution of this hypoperfusion is not strictly correlated with migraine symptoms. Mapping of migraine visual aura symptoms onto the visual cortex suggests that the mechanisms underlying the aura propagate in a linear fashion along gyri or sulci rather than as a concentric wave and also suggests that aura may propagate in the absence of clinical symptoms. Cortical spreading depression in animal models continues to be a translational model for migraine, and the study of spreading depolarizations in the injured human brain has provided new insight into potential mechanisms of cortical spreading depression in migraine. Migraine with aura has multiple comorbidities including patent foramen ovale, stroke, and psychiatric disorders; the shared mechanisms underlying these comorbidities remains a topic of active investigation.

SUMMARY
Although it occurs in the minority of patients with migraine, aura may have much to teach us about basic mechanisms of migraine. In addition, its occurrence may influence clinical management regarding comorbid conditions and acute and preventive therapy.
Viral escape from endosomes and host detection at a glance
Authors: Staring Jacqueline , Raaben Matthijs , Brummelkamp Thijn R. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
In order to replicate, most pathogens need to enter their target cells. Many viruses enter the host cell through an endocytic pathway and hijack endosomes for their journey towards sites of replication. For delivery of their genome to the host cell cytoplasm and to avoid degradation, viruses have to escape this endosomal compartment without host detection. Viruses have developed complex mechanisms to penetrate the endosomal membrane and have evolved to co-opt several host factors to facilitate endosomal escape. Conversely, there is an extensive variety of cellular mechanisms to counteract or impede viral replication. At the level of cell entry, there are cellular defense mechanisms that recognize endosomal membrane damage caused by virus-induced membrane fusion and pore formation, as well as restriction factors that block these processes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we describe the different mechanisms that viruses have evolved to escape the endosomal compartment, as well as the counteracting cellular protection mechanisms. We provide examples for enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, for which we discuss some unique and unexpected cellular responses to virus-entry-induced membrane damage.
New Generation of the Reference Interaction Site Model Self-Consistent Field Method: Introduction of Constrained Spatial Electron Density Distribution (cSED)
Authors: Yokogawa Daisuke 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Quantum mechanical (QM) calculation in solution is becoming a popular and useful tool in chemistry. We have developed a hybrid method between QM and reference interaction site model (RISM). To combine RISM with QM calculations, we have to employ charge fitting approaches. By introducing constrained spatial electron density distribution (cSED) in the fitting, we developed a new generation of RISM self-consistent field (SCF). Our method (RISM-SCF-cSED) overcame the instability of the original RISM-SCF calculations. We extended RISM-SCF-cSED by coupling a variety of QM approaches. We applied our method to tautomerization reactions of cytosine, 6-chloro-2-pyridone, and isonicotinic acid in water and Stokes shift calculation of indole and 5-cyanoindole. Our method correctly evaluated relative free energy differences in the reaction and the Stokes shift change along the polarity of solvent.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: effect of hepatic steatosis on major hepatocellular carcinoma features at MRI
Authors: Thompson Scott M , Garg Ishan , Ehman Eric C , Sheedy Shannon P , Bookwalter Candice A , Carter Rickey E , Roberts Lewis R , Venkatesh Sudhakar K 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of hepatic steatosis on LI-RADS® major features at MRI in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:
HCC and liver parenchyma features at MRI from 48 consecutive patients with NAFLD and histology proven HCC (mean ± SD; 4.5 ± 3.4 cm) were independently reviewed by three radiologists. Inter-rater agreement was determined by prevalence/bias-adjusted kappa. Hepatic fat signal fraction (FS%) was independently calculated. HCC features were compared by FS% at MRI using logistic regression analysis and histologic steatosis grade using Cochran-Armitage test for trend, stratified by cirrhotic liver morphology or histologic fibrosis stage. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the sensitivity and specificity for major HCC features by FS%.

Results:
Major HCC features included arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) in 45 (93%), portal venous phase washout (PVWO) in 30 (63%), delayed phase washout (DPWO) in 38 (79%) and enhancing “capsule” in 34 (71%). Cirrhotic morphology was present in 22 (46%). Inter-rater agreement was 0.75 for APHE, 0.42–0.58 for PVWO, 0.58–0.71 for DPWO and 0.38–0.67 for enhancing “capsule”. There was an 18%, 14% and 22% increase in the odds of absent PVWO, DPWO and capsule appearance for every 1% increase in hepatic FS% in patients with non-cirrhotic liver morphology (p = 0.011, 0.040 and 0.029, respectively). Hepatic FS% ≥ 14.8% had a sensitivity and specificity of 64 and 100% for absent PVWO and 71 and 90% for absent DPWO in patients with non-cirrhotic liver morphology.

Conclusion:
Absent washout and capsule appearance are associated with increasing hepatic steatosis in patients with non-cirrhotic, NAFLD-associated HCC.

Advances in knowledge:
In patients with non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), absent HCC washout and capsule appearance are associated with increasing hepatic steatosis, thereby potentially impacting the noninvasive imaging diagnosis of HCC in these patients. Lack of washout or capsule appearance in steatotic livers at MRI may require alternative criteria for the diagnosis of HCC in patients with non-cirrhotic NAFLD.
Factors influencing malignant mesothelioma survival: a retrospective review of the National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank cohort
Authors: Amin Waqas , Linkov Faina , Landsittel Douglas P. , Silverstein Jonathan C. , Becich Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare but deadly malignancy with about 3,000 new cases being diagnosed each year in the US. Very few studies have been performed to analyze factors associated with mesothelioma survival, especially for peritoneal presentation. The overarching aim of this study is to examine survival of the cohort of patients with malignant mesothelioma enrolled in the National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank (NMVB). Methods: 888 cases of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma cases were selected from the NMVB database, which houses over 1400 cases that were diagnosed from 1990 to 2017. Kaplan Meier’s method was performed for survival analysis. The association between prognostic factors and survival was estimated using Cox Hazard Regression method and using R software for analysis.Results:The median overall survival (OS) rate of all MM patients, including pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma cases is 15 months (14 months for pleural and 31 months for peritoneal). Significant prognostic factors associated with improved survival of malignant mesothelioma cases in this NMVB cohort were below the age of 45, female gender, epithelioid histological subtype, stage I, peritoneal occurrence, and had treatment that consisted of combining surgical therapy with chemotherapy. Combined surgical and chemotherapy treatment was associated with improved survival of 23 months in comparison to single line therapies.Conclusions:There has not been improvement in the overall survival for patients with malignant mesothelioma over many years with current available treatment options. Our findings show that combined surgical and chemotherapy treatment is associated with improved survival compared to local therapy alone.
MEMBEDAH SERVANT LEADERSHIP PERSONAL KEFARMASIAN (Sebuah Studi Kasus Apoteker PT. Kimia Farma Apotek UB Semarang)
Authors: Wisudasari Ita Zonia , Mas'ud Fuad , Rahardja Eddy 
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of servant leadership and servant leadership competence conducted Apothecary built by the Apothecary at PT. Kimia Farma UB Semarang.From this research is expected to contribute the development of science in general and the field of human resources management in particular and as a reference when further research is conducted, especially on those who want to learn about servant leadership.Another goal is that management is expected to use as a material consideration or input to PT. Kimia Farma UB Semarang as a guide in competition Pharmacist to have leadership servant leadership that synergize with professionThe participants of this research consisted of 10 people, consisting of 7 (seven) person Apothecary and 3 (three) Apothecary Assistant. The ten participants representing structural position of PT. Kimia Farma UB Semarang. Determination of informants using snowball sampling method. This research method is qualitative analysis tool used is the technique of triangulation and member check.The result of the analysis showed that all participants of PT. Kimia Farma UB Semarang proved the characteristics of servant leadership and servant leadership competence can be built by the pharmacist. Expected Pharmacist as a leader able to build a communication that can synergize existing resources to maximize the potential of subordinates to be successful
The landscape of trauma, pain and hope in Jim Crace’sThe Pesthouse
Authors: Chalupský Petr 
Published: August 2018

AbstractJim Crace likes to refer to himself as a “landscape writer” and indeed, in each of his eleven novels he has created a distinct yet recognizable imaginary landscape or cityscape. This has led critics to coin the term “Craceland” to describe the idiosyncratic milieux he creates, which, through his remarkably authentic and poetic rendering of geography and topography, appear to be both other and familiar at the same time. InThe Pesthouse2007, the milieu is the devastated America of an imagined future, a country which has deteriorated into a pre-modern and pre-industrial wasteland so hostile to sustainable existence that most of its inhabitants have become refugees travelling eastwards to sail to a new life on another continent. Franklin and Margaret, two such refugees, are leaving their homes not only to flee misery and destitution, but also the trauma and pain occasioned by the loss of their relatives. Using geocriticism as a practice and theoretical point of departure, this article presents and analyses the various ways in which Crace’s novel renders and explores its spaces, landscapes and places, as well as how it links them with the transformation of the protagonists’ psyches and mental worlds.
Hate crime trauma and pain: Affiliation, becoming and in-Betweenness in The Laramie Project
Authors: Lacko Ivan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Tectonic Theater Project’s documentary/verbatim theatre work entitled The Laramie Project charts the intricacies of the process of a hate crime victim’s search for and acquisition of identity (becoming) and the concurrent success and failure of the community to engage in this process (affiliation). The productions, as well as the film version, of The Laramie Project tackle the crucial importance of understanding the grey area between the state of becoming (part of) something and being excluded from it (in-betweenness). This liminality, reflecting Victor Turner’s illustrious ideas of “betwixt and between”, shall serve to explore The Laramie Project as an attempt to show the facets of social and cultural affiliation and becoming, as well as an instrument to put them to use in socially and politically relevant theatre. The paper will seek to show how Tectonic Theater Project’s work scrutinizes the significance of “in-betweenness” and employs it to communicate a message that is both humanistic and aesthetic.
Romancing the crucifixion in biblical rewritings by Phillip Pullman and Colm Tóibín
Authors: Rychter Ewa 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on how the romance mode is used to re-narrativize the trauma of Jesus’s crucifixion in two contemporary biblical rewritings: Pullman’s The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ 2010 and Tóibín’s The Testament of Mary 2012. Reflecting on the process of the composition of the Bible, these novels resort to romance in order to invite a critical reflection on different narrativizations of the traumatic event, dependent as they are on both conservative and more subversive effects of romance. As some characters rely on the strategies of traditional spiritual romance in order to alleviate their pain, others cynically resort to a dualistic vision to establish and consolidate power, and still others make use of the excess and disarticulation of romance to do justice to the absolute horror of the event, the novels draw attention both to the comforting and subversive function of Christian scripture. Adding a metafictional dimension to the narrative of crucifixion, the novels expose the way in which religious scriptures can become ideological instruments, and signal the potentially dangerous effects of the renewed significance of religion today.
Initiation and Tolerance of Macro-Damage of First Ply (FBF) in a Process of Damaging of Hybrid Multi-Ply Structures Due to Reinforcement Archtecture
Authors: Pieniak D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The objective of this paper was study and analysis of damaging process of multi-ply structure applied in dentistry. The aim was to analyze and experimentally evaluate tolerance of macro-damage of first ply (FPF - first ply failure) of multi-ply composite. A studied structure of composite makes a carrying structure for dental applications e.g. adhesive bridges. Influence of reinforcement structure on the residual carrying capacity of the studied multi-ply materials has been demonstrated. It has been shown that the type of fiber and fiber ribbon architecture play a major role in strength of studied reinforcements. Structures included in the study differ by the moment of macro-damage occurrence, carrying capacity and residual stiffness.