bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of the Young–Old Link and Growth Intergenerational Program in Reducing Age Stereotypes
Authors: Sun Qian , Lou Vivian Weiqun , Dai Annie , To Carman , Wong Shum Yee 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: This study evaluated an intergenerational interaction program set in a nonfamilial context to combat age-related stereotypes and to facilitate positive interactions between the young and elderly in Hong Kong. Method: A quasi-experimental design was adopted. A total of 312 participants were recruited: 73 older and 78 young participants in the intervention group and 77 older and 84 young participants in the comparison group. Standardized measurements of intergenerational attitude, sense of comfort with cross-age groups, and intergenerational interaction were used during pre- and posttest. Results: The intervention group showed positive change in intergenerational attitude and sense of comfort. There were also positive changes in most aspects of intergenerational interaction in the intervention group. Discussion: This research provides preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of the intervention model and offers many implications for service directions. The findings enrich cumulative knowledge about factors contributing to the reduction of age-related stereotypes.
Comparison of Pre- and Postoperative Sleep Studies in Patients Undergoing Sphincter Pharyngoplasty
Authors: Busuito Christina M. , Vandjelovic Nathan , Flis Diana M. , Rozzelle Arlene 
Published: April 2018

Objective: To determine if sphincter pharyngoplasty changes sleep study parameters on patients undergoing surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Design: Retrospective chart review on patients undergoing sphincter pharyngoplasty for VPI with pre- and postoperative polysomnography completed. Setting: Institutional study at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Patients: All patients who underwent sphincter pharyngoplasty over a 20-year period were reviewed; all patients with both pre- and postoperative sleep studies were collected for evaluation. Interventions: Sphincter pharyngoplasty for patients with VPI. Main Outcome Measure: Sleep study parameters collected include apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), obstructive and central apneas, hypopneas, and mixed events. The preoperative values were compared to postoperative values. Results: There were 98 patients collected with sleep studies for review. Of these, 32 patients had both pre- and postoperative sleep studies. The AHI increased from 1.8 preoperatively to a postoperative value of 4.8 ( P = .004). The number of obstructive events per night went from 4.6 to 17.6 postoperatively ( P = .04). The number of hypopneas increased from 4.0 to 13.6 ( P = .003). The other parameters were not statistically different, central events decreased from 4.8 to 2.1 ( P = .086), and mixed events were essentially unchanged from 0.2 to 0.5 ( P = .17) events per night. Conclusions: Patients undergoing sphincter pharyngoplasty for VPI may experience an increase in their postoperative AHI, obstructive events per night, and hypopneas. Sleep studies should be performed both pre- and postoperatively to assess the need for intervention or change in management.
The Implications of Nasal Substitutions in the Early Phonology of Toddlers With Repaired Cleft Palate
Authors: Hardin-Jones Mary A. , Chapman Kathy L. 
Published: April 2018

Objective:To examine the implications of nasal substitutions in the early words of toddlers with cleft palate.Design:Retrospective.Patients:Thirty-four toddlers with nonsyndromic cleft palate and 20 noncleft toddlers, followed from ages 13 to 39 months.Main Outcome Measures:The groups were compared for the percentage of toddlers who produced nasal substitutions in their early words. The percentage of toddlers with repaired cleft palate who produced nasal substitutions and were later suspected of having velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) was also examined.Results:Seventy-six percent of the toddlers in the cleft group (n = 26) and 35% of toddlers in the noncleft group (n = 7) produced nasal substitutions on one or more of their early words. Only 38% (10/26) of the toddlers with cleft palate who produced nasal substitutions in their early words were later diagnosed as having moderate-severe hypernasality and suspected VPD.Conclusions:The presence of nasal substitutions following palatal surgery was not always an early sign of VPD. These substitutions were present in the early lexicon of children with and without cleft palate.
What does meaningful look like? A qualitative study of patient engagement at the Pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review: perspectives of reviewers and payers
Authors: Rozmovits Linda , Mai Helen , Chambers Alexandra , Chan Kelvin 
Published: April 2018

Objectives While there is wide support for patient engagement in health technology assessment, determining what constitutes meaningful (as opposed to tokenistic) engagement is complex. This paper explores reviewer and payer perceptions of what constitutes meaningful patient engagement in the Pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review process. Methods Qualitative interview study comprising 24 semi-structured telephone interviews. A qualitative descriptive approach, employing the technique of constant comparison, was used to produce a thematic analysis. Results Submissions from patient advocacy groups were seen as meaningful when they provided information unavailable from other sources. This included information not collected in clinical trials, information relevant to clinical trade-offs and information about aspects of lived experience such as geographic differences and patient and carer priorities. In contrast, patient submissions that relied on emotional appeals or lacked transparency about their own methods were seen as detracting from the meaningfulness of patient engagement by conflating health technology assessment with other functions of patient advocacy groups such as fundraising or public awareness campaigns, and by failing to provide credible information relevant to deliberations. Conclusions This study suggests that misalignment of stakeholder expectations remains an issue even for a well-regarded health technology assessment process that has promoted patient engagement since its inception. Support for the technical capacity of patient groups to participate in health technology assessment is necessary but not sufficient to address this issue fully. There is a fundamental tension between the evidence-based nature of health technology assessment and the experientially oriented culture of patient advocacy. Divergent notions of what constitutes evidence and how it should be used must also be addressed.
Improvement in exercise capacity and delayed anaerobic metabolism induced by far-infrared-emitting garments in active healthy subjects: A pilot study
Authors: Mantegazza Valentina , Contini Mauro , Botti Maurizia , Ferri Ada , Dotti Francesca , Berardi Pierluigi , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: April 2018

Background Far-infrared-emitting garments have several biological properties including the capability to increase blood perfusion in irradiated tissues. Design The aim of the study was to evaluate whether far-infrared radiation increases exercise capacity and delays anaerobic metabolism in healthy subjects. Methods With a double-blind, crossover protocol, a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed in 20 volunteers, wearing far-infrared or common sport clothes, identical in texture and colour. Results Comparing far-infrared with placebo garments, higher oxygen uptake at peak of exercise and longer endurance time were observed (peak oxygen uptake 38.0 ± 8.9 vs. 36.2 ± 8.5 ml/kg/min, endurance time 592 ± 85 vs. 570 ± 71 seconds; P < 0.01); the anaerobic threshold was significantly delayed (anaerobic threshold time 461 ± 93 vs. 417 ± 103 seconds) and anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold oxygen pulse were significantly higher (25.3 ± 6.4 vs. 20.9 ± 5.4 ml/kg/min and 13.3 ± 3.8 vs. 12.4 ± 3.3 ml/beat, respectively). In 10 subjects the blood lactate concentration was measured every 2 minutes during exercise and at peak; lower values were observed with far-infrared fabrics compared to placebo from the eighth minute of exercise, reaching a significant difference at 10 minutes (3.6 ± 0.83 vs. 4.4 ± 0.96 mmol/l; P = 0.02). Conclusions In healthy subjects, exercising with a far-infrared outfit is associated with an improvement in exercise performance and a delay in anaerobic metabolism. In consideration of the acknowledged non-thermic properties of functionalised clothes, these effects could be mediated by an increase in oxygen peripheral delivery secondary to muscular vasodilation. These data suggest the need for testing far-infrared-emitting garments in patients with exercise limitation or in chronic cardiovascular and respiratory patients engaged in rehabilitation programmes.
Smoking and Flap Survival
Authors: Hwang Kun , Son Ji Soo , Ryu Woo Kyung 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the complications of flap surgery in non-smokers and smokers and to determine how the incidence of complications was affected by the abstinence period from smoking before and after flap surgery. Methods: In PubMed and Scopus, terms “smoking” and “flap survival” were used, which resulted in 113 papers and 65 papers, respectively. After excluding 6 duplicate titles, 172 titles were reviewed. Among them, 45 abstracts were excluded, 20 full papers were reviewed, and finally 15 papers were analyzed. Results: Post-operative complications such as flap necrosis ( P < .001), hematoma ( P < .001), and fat necrosis ( P = .003) occurred significantly more frequently in smokers than in non-smokers. The flap loss rate was significantly higher in smokers who were abstinent for 24 hours post-operatively than in non-smokers (n = 1464, odds ratio [OR] = 4.885, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.071-11.524, P < .001). The flap loss rate was significantly lower in smokers who were abstinent for 1 week post-operatively than in those who were abstinent for 24 hours post-operatively (n = 131, OR = 0.252, 95% CI = 0.074-0.851, P = .027). No significant difference in flap loss was found between non-smokers and smokers who were abstinent for 1 week preoperatively (n = 1519, OR = 1.229, 95% CI = 0.482-3.134, P = .666) or for 4 weeks preoperatively (n = 1576, OR = 1.902, 95% CI = 0.383-2.119, P = .812). Conclusion: Since smoking decreases the alveolar oxygen pressure and subcutaneous wound tissue oxygen, and nicotine causes vasoconstriction, smokers are more likely to experience flap loss, hematoma, or fat necrosis than non-smokers. Preoperative and post-operative abstinence period of at least 1 week is necessary for smokers who undergo flap operations.
Heme-pigment nephropathy after transurethral resection of prostate cancer
Authors: Kumar Anubhav , Besharatian Behdad , Kobrin Sidney , Palmer Matthew B , Hogan Jonathan J 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Transurethral resection of the prostate is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in men to relieve bladder outlet obstruction, most often due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, transurethral resection of the prostate may also be used in patients with metastatic prostate cancer who have bladder outlet obstruction. Acute kidney injury after transurethral resection of the prostate has been described and attributed to a variety of mechanisms, including acute tubular necrosis, rhabdomyolysis, and hemolysis with heme-pigment nephropathy. However, to our knowledge, no case of kidney biopsy-proven heme-pigment nephropathy due to hemolysis from a transurethral resection of the prostate procedure has been published to date. Case description: We describe a case of an 82-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer who presented with severe oliguric renal failure 2 weeks after transurethral resection of the prostate for bladder outlet obstruction. Laboratory studies showed evidence of hemolysis, and a kidney biopsy showed heme-pigment cast nephropathy. Conclusions: We hypothesize that the patient’s kidney injury was induced by hemolysis resulting from rapid absorption of hypotonic fluid administered during the transurethral resection of the prostate procedure. Patients with prostate cancer undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate for bladder outlet obstruction may experience severe complications related to rapid absorption of hypotonic fluid. Our case illustrates the importance of nephrology evaluation and kidney biopsy in patients with benign and malignant prostate conditions who experience post-transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome and acute kidney injury in order to better characterize these complications, and to develop preventative strategies for future cases.
Altered Cortical Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid in Female Veterans With Suicidal Behavior: Sex Differences and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Prescot Andrew , Sheth Chandni , Legarreta Margaret , Renshaw Perry F. , McGlade Erin , Yurgelun-Todd Deborah 
Published: April 2018

Background Suicide is a public health concern in the civilian and veteran populations. Stressful life events are precipitating factors for suicide. The neurochemical underpinnings of the association between stress/trauma and suicide risk are unclear, especially with regard to sex differences. We hypothesized that gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, may be a neurochemical candidate that is critical in the association between stress and suicide risk in veterans. Methods Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla was used to measure in vivo neurochemistry in the anterior cingulate cortex (predominantly the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) of 81 veterans (16 females), including 57 (11 females) who endorsed past suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempt and 24 (5 females) with no history of suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempt. Suicidal behavior (SB) was defined as the presence of suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempt. Results We observed no significant differences in GABA/creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr + PCr) between veterans with SB (SB+) and without SB (SB−). However, the female SB+ group showed significantly reduced GABA/Cr + PCr versus the female SB− group. We observed a trend-level significant negative correlation between GABA/Cr + PCr and the Defensive Avoidance subscale on the Trauma Symptom Inventory in the SB+ group. In contrast, the SB− group exhibited a positive relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, we found significant negative correlations between GABA/Cr + PCr and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores as well as between GABA/Cr + PCr and several subscales of the Trauma Symptom Inventory in female veterans. Conclusions This study suggests that reduced GABA/Cr + PCr ratio in the anterior cingulate cortex, which may be related to altered inhibitory capacity, may underlie suicide risk in female veterans. Further, the negative association between GABA/Cr + PCr and stress symptomatology and depression scores suggests that magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies may shed light on intermediate phenotypes of SB.
Hypotony Maculopathy: A Silent Mimicker of Common Macular Diseases With Nonspecific Optical Coherence Tomography Findings
Authors: Lee Ramon , Ameri Hossein 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To highlight the diagnostic challenge of eyes with hypotony maculopathy with concurrent macular diseases and to present optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging findings in hypotony maculopathy. Methods: Retrospective review of 15 eyes of 12 patients with hypotony maculopathy at a single institution. Results: Low intraocular pressure (IOP) was caused by overfiltration from trabeculectomy in 9 eyes (of 15, 60%), overtreatment with topical aqueous suppressants after trabeculectomy in 3 eyes (of 15, 20%), bleb leak in 1 eye (of 15, 7%), and treatment with topical aqueous suppressants alone in 2 eyes (of 15, 13%). On OCT imaging, 7 eyes (of 15, 47%) had chorioretinal folds without intraretinal fluid (IRF) or subretinal fluid (SRF), 5 eyes (of 15, 33%) had either IRF or SRF with chorioretinal folds, and 3 eyes (of 15, 20%) had IRF or SRF without chorioretinal folds. The majority of eyes (11 of 15 eyes, 73%) had additional diagnoses apart from hypotony maculopathy that could have potentially caused IRF or SRF, which included epiretinal membrane, retinal vein occlusion, and age-related macular degeneration. Two eyes (of 15, 13%) were initially erroneously managed for a nonhypotony maculopathy pathology due to the diagnostic challenge in eyes with hypotony maculopathy. Conclusion: Hypotony maculopathy demonstrates nonspecific OCT findings such as IRF and SRF that are commonly seen in other macular diseases. In eyes with these macular diseases, diagnosing hypotony maculopathy may be challenging; thus, attention to past ocular history and IOP must always be part of evaluation.
Low risk of recurrence following artesunate–Sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine plus primaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in the Republic of the Sudan
Authors: Hamid Muzamil Mahdi Abdel , Thriemer Kamala , Elobied Maha E. , Mahgoub Nouh S. , Boshara Salah A. , Elsafi Hassan M. H. , Gumaa Suhaib A. , Hamid Tassneem , Abdelbagi Hanadi , Basheir Hamid M. , Marfurt Jutta , Chen Ingrid , Gosling Roly , Price Ric N. , Ley Benedikt 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
First-line schizontocidal treatment for uncomplicated malaria in the Republic of the Sudan is artesunate (total dose 12 mg/kg) plus Sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (25/1.25 mg/kg) (AS/SP). Patients with Plasmodium vivax are also treated with 14 days primaquine (total dose 3.5 mg/kg) (PQ). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the national policy.

Methods
Patients above 1 year, with microscopy-confirmed, Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax malaria were treated with AS/SP. Patients with P. falciparum were randomized to no primaquine (Pf-noPQ) or a single 0.25 mg/kg dose of PQ (Pf-PQ1). Patients with P. vivax received 14 days unsupervised 3.5 mg/kg PQ (Pv-PQ14) on day 2 or at the end of follow up (Pv-noPQ). Primary endpoint was the risk of recurrent parasitaemia at day 42. G6PD activity was measured by spectrophotometry and the Accessbio Biosensor™.

Results
231 patients with P. falciparum (74.8%), 77 (24.9%) with P. vivax and 1 (0.3%) patient with mixed infection were enrolled. The PCR corrected cumulative risk of recurrent parasitaemia on day 42 was 3.8% (95% CI 1.2–11.2%) in the Pf-noPQ arm compared to 0.9% (95% CI 0.1–6.0%) in the Pf-PQ1 arm; (HR = 0.25 [95% CI 0.03–2.38], p = 0.189). The corresponding risks of recurrence were 13.4% (95% CI 5.2–31.9%) in the Pv-noPQ arm and 5.3% (95% CI 1.3–19.4%) in the Pv-PQ14 arm (HR 0.36 [95% CI 0.1–2.0], p = 0.212). Two (0.9%) patients had G6PD enzyme activity below 10%, 19 (8.9%) patients below 60% of the adjusted male median. Correlation between spectrophotometry and Biosensor™ was low (rs = 0.330, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
AS/SP remains effective for the treatment of P. falciparum and P. vivax. The addition of PQ reduced the risk of recurrent P. falciparum and P. vivax by day 42, although this did not reach statistical significance. The version of the Biosensor™ assessed is not suitable for routine use.
Trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02592408
Mutational signatures reveal the role of RAD52 in p53-independent p21-driven genomic instability
Authors: Galanos Panagiotis , Pappas George , Polyzos Alexander , Kotsinas Athanassios , Svolaki Ioanna , Giakoumakis Nickolaos N. , Glytsou Christina , Pateras Ioannis S. , Swain Umakanta , Souliotis Vassilis L. , Georgakilas Alexandros G. , Geacintov Nicholas , Scorrano Luca , Lukas Claudia , Lukas Jiri , Livneh Zvi , Lygerou Zoi , Chowdhury Dipanjan , Sørensen Claus Storgaard , Bartek Jiri , Gorgoulis Vassilis G. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
Genomic instability promotes evolution and heterogeneity of tumors. Unraveling its mechanistic basis is essential for the design of appropriate therapeutic strategies. In a previous study, we reported an unexpected oncogenic property of p21WAF1/Cip1, showing that its chronic expression in a p53-deficient environment causes genomic instability by deregulation of the replication licensing machinery.

Results
We now demonstrate that p21WAF1/Cip1 can further fuel genomic instability by suppressing the repair capacity of low- and high-fidelity pathways that deal with nucleotide abnormalities. Consequently, fewer single nucleotide substitutions (SNSs) occur, while formation of highly deleterious DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is enhanced, crafting a characteristic mutational signature landscape. Guided by the mutational signatures formed, we find that the DSBs are repaired by Rad52-dependent break-induced replication (BIR) and single-strand annealing (SSA) repair pathways. Conversely, the error-free synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) repair route is deficient. Surprisingly, Rad52 is activated transcriptionally in an E2F1-dependent manner, rather than post-translationally as is common for DNA repair factor activation.

Conclusions
Our results signify the importance of mutational signatures as guides to disclose the repair history leading to genomic instability. We unveil how chronic p21WAF1/Cip1 expression rewires the repair process and identifies Rad52 as a source of genomic instability and a candidate therapeutic target.
Revealing Gauguin’s practice: multi-analytical approach of the Portrait de Suzanne Bambridge
Authors: Defeyt C. , Van Vyve E. , Leen F. , Vandepitte F. , Gilbert B. , Herens E. , Strivay D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Portrait de Suzanne Bambridge (1891) is the first oil painting executed by Paul Gauguin (1848–1903) in Tahiti. A comprehensive material study of the painting by means of MA-XRF, Raman and FT-IR techniques has been conducted to understand Gauguin’s practice. The obtained results allowed collecting unexpected material evidences, which suggest restoration and subsequent addition made by Gauguin himself. Moreover relevant compositional information has been provided that has influenced the decision-making process during the restoration of the painting as the removal of the old varnish and the overpaints, dating from undocumented past treatments, turned out to be much more complicated than expected. While X-ray radiography and multi-spectral imaging methods could not give sufficient information, overpaints and original paint layers have been distinguished through this multi-analytical approach.
Role power dynamics within the bridal gown selection process
Authors: Min Seoha , Ceballos Lina M. , Yurchisin Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, the researchers explore the decision-making process of brides when selecting their wedding dresses by examining the power of the significant people involved in the selection process. Within a framework of role theory and symbolic interactionism, qualitative data from an open-ended survey with 71 brides were collected online and analyzed. The interpretations revealed two main themes that explain how social power is determined and how different actors use bases of power to influence the selection of the wedding dress, when considered as a group decision. The six main categories further explained the bases of power used by the actors involved in the wedding dress selection process. This research extends the understanding of the bases of power and social roles in the specific context of the ritual of matrimony. Managerial implications are included for wedding retailers seeking to further understand the dynamics among family members during wedding preparations, so they can provide more effective guidance and support to the bride-to-be during the selling process.