bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging in place or aging out of place? Family caregivers’ perspectives on care for older Pakistani migrants in Norway
Authors: Shrestha Sunita , Arora Sanjana , Hunter Alistair , Debesay Jonas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aging population in Europe is increasing, with growing ethnic diversity among older individuals due to migration. Public policies emphasize ‘aging in place’ to address financial challenges and reduce the burden on the healthcare system. However, research often overlooks the heterogeneity among older people, especially non-European migrants. Also, research on family caregivers’ role in enabling ‘aging in place’ for older relatives with migrant backgrounds is limited, despite many older non-European migrants’ preference for family care in comparison to long-term institutional care. This study aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of family caregivers in the context of formal and informal care and their preferences regarding the place of care for older family members with migrant backgrounds, particularly the Pakistani Ahmadiyya community in Norway. Eighteen semi-structured individual interviews and two group interviews were conducted in Urdu and English with nineteen female family caregivers of older relatives, ages 25–62, residing in Norway. The analysis yielded three main themes: (1) “Nursing homes are not for the ones who love their parents”, (2) Preferences for home with the possibility of sharing care, and (3) Mismatch between family care needs and formal care. Family caregivers’ perception of health services has a decisive impact on their older relatives’ demand and use of formal health services, emphasizing the need for trust. Even though home care services were seen as a viable option, they should be adapted so that the family caregivers can use them and feel supported in enabling ‘aging in place’ for older migrants.
Hermite interpolation with retractions on manifolds
Authors: Séguin Axel , Kressner Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInterpolation of data on non-Euclidean spaces is an active research area fostered by its numerous applications. This work considers the Hermite interpolation problem: finding a sufficiently smooth manifold curve that interpolates a collection of data points on a Riemannian manifold while matching a prescribed derivative at each point. A novel procedure relying on the general concept of retractions is proposed to solve this problem on a large class of manifolds, including those for which computing the Riemannian exponential or logarithmic maps is not straightforward, such as the manifold of fixed-rank matrices. The well-posedness of the method is analyzed by introducing and showing the existence of retraction-convex sets, a generalization of geodesically convex sets. A classical result on the asymptotic interpolation error of Hermite interpolation is extended to the manifold setting. Finally numerical experiments on the manifold of fixed-rank matrices and the Stiefel manifold of matrices with orthonormal columns illustrate these results and the effectiveness of the method.
Ontogenetic scaling of disc width with total length in west African batoids
Authors: Gayford Joel H. , Seamone Scott G. , Seidu Issah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMorphological scaling describes changes in the size or shape of one morphological character (e.g. mass, length, width, area etc.) as another increases in size. Understanding how morphological characters scale with body size can shed light on how natural selection influences morphology, and the nature of ecomorphological relationships through ontogeny. Batoids (Elasmobranchii: Batoidea) are a highly specialised lineage of cartilaginous fishes displaying extreme dorsoventral flattening. Despite this, little is known about morphological scaling in batoids compared to sharks. In this study we test the relationship between disc width and total length in five batoid species (Torpedo torpedo, Mobula tarapacana, Fontitrygon margarita, Raja parva, Rhinobatos irvinei) representing four orders that differ in both ecology and morphology, measured from artisanal fisheries in Western and Central Ghana. Whilst a lack of existing ecological data presents some limitations, our results are broadly consistent with ecomorphological theory previously applied to sharks. Moreover, we find that for some lineages (including some myliobatiform taxa) total length may represent a valid proxy for estimating overall body size. This finding has applications for body size and shape estimation in partially processed batoids obtained from fishing camps, and extinct taxa known only from incomplete or fragmented remains.
Smart piezoelectric composite: impact of piezoelectric ceramic microparticles embedded in heat-treated 7075-T651 aluminium alloy
Authors: Ferreira Pedro M. , Caçador David , Machado Miguel A. , Carvalho Marta S. , Vilaça Pedro , Sorger Gonçalo , Farias Francisco Werley Cipriano , Figueiredo Arthur Ribeiro , Vidal Catarina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Significant advances have been made in material synthesis in the last two decades, with a focus on polymers, ceramics, metals, and smart materials. Piezoelectric-based smart materials generate an electric voltage in response to loads, enabling distributed monitoring in critical structural parts. Friction stir processing (FSP) is a versatile approach that can enhance material performance in various engineering fields. The primary objective of the current research is to examine the sensorial properties of heat-treated AA7075-T651 aluminium plates that have been included with Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) and Barium Titanate (BT) particles via FSP. This study includes a comparative analysis of sensitivities with AA5083-H111 self-sensing material, metallographic and physicochemical characterization, and an assessment of the mechanical properties impacted by the incorporation of piezoelectric particles. The sensitivity of AA7075-PZT was found to be significantly higher than that of AA7075-BT. AA7075-PZT achieved a maximum sensitivity of 15.27 × 10−4 μV/MPa while AA7075-BT had a sensitivity of only 7.28 × 10−4 μV/MPa, which is 52% lower. Microhardness and uniaxial tensile tests demonstrated that the presence of particles has an influence on both mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of aluminium components, as opposed to those that do not have particles. The complete investigation intends to give significant insights into the performance and prospective uses of these innovative smart materials, therefore advancing materials science and engineering.

Graphical abstract
Insight on novel sulfamoylphenyl pyrazole derivatives as anticancer carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Ahmed Rehab F. , Mahmoud Walaa R. , Abdelgawad Nagwa M. , Belal Amany , Alsantali Reem I. , Said Mona F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs another part continue for our previous study, variable substituted pyrazoles bearing sulfamoylphenyl moiety were synthesized and screened against two cancer related human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms and acetazolamide (AAZ) used as a reference standard. Some compounds as 4e and 6c manifested a promising inhibitory activity against both isoforms (KI = 0.072, 0.081 and 0.073, 0.095 µM), respectively. While others as 4a and 5e showed inhibitory activity against hCA IX only (KI = 0.062, 0.04 µM) or against hCA XII only as compound 5b (KI = 0.106 µM) compared to AAZ (KI = 0.065, 0.046 µM), respectively. Also, the anticancer efficacy against 60 cancer cell lines for the target compounds was assessed, and the most promising ones were 4d and 5a-d. Further investigation of the anticancer activity of 5b on MCF-7 cell line explored (IC50 = 5.21 µM) compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 11.58 µM). Moreover, compound 5b was exposed to cell cycle analysis and apoptotic assay on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line under both normal and hypoxic conditions at its IC50 concentration with elevation of total apoptotic cells % in MCF-7 relative to the control cells; respectively. Finally, molecular modelling simulations rationalized the in vitro testing results.
The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on overall survival in spinal low-grade gliomas: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Ranganathan Sruthi , Hoang Harry , Ghaith Abdul Karim , Bydon Mohamad , Elmi-Terander Adrian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Spinal low-grade gliomas (sLGGs) are a group of tumors that arise from glial cells in the spinal cord. Current evidence supporting the use of adjuvant radiotherapy for the management of sLGG is lacking. We hence aimed to compare overall survival rates in patients receiving surgery alone with those receiving surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy.

Methods
The NCDB, a large, nationwide, US-based cancer registry was used. Relevant cases were identified using the following ICD-O-3 histological codes: 9382, 9384, 9400, 9410, 9411, 9420, 9421, 9424, 9425, and 9450, along with the ICD-O-3 topographical codes for spinal meninges (C70.1) and spinal cord (C72.0), excluding spinal ependymomas. Overall survival was the primary outcome. Propensity score matching 1:1 was used to balance the cohorts prior to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Results
A total of 552 patients were included in the study, with 440 in the surgery alone group and 156 in the surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy group. Patients in the surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy group were significantly older (median age 40.0 vs. 24.0 years, p < 0.001), and exhibited higher proportions of WHO grade 2 tumors (p < 0.001). Adjuvant chemotherapy was more frequently administered in the surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy group (23% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). Overall, adjuvant radiotherapy was not associated with improved survival, with a significantly higher mortality in the radiotherapy group before propensity score matching (p < 0.0001). After matching, the difference in overall survival was no longer significant (p = 0.11).

Conclusion
This study found no significant overall survival benefit associated with the use of adjuvant radiotherapy for spinal low-grade gliomas (sLGG). Although patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy initially demonstrated higher mortality rates, this difference was largely due to confounding factors such as more advanced disease in this group.
Stay social, stay young: a bioanthropological outlook on the processes linking sociality and ageing
Authors: Iannuzzi Vincenzo , Narboux-Nême Nicolas , Lehoczki Andrea , Levi Giovanni , Giuliani Cristina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn modern human societies, social interactions and pro-social behaviours are associated with better individual and collective health, reduced mortality, and increased longevity. Conversely, social isolation is a predictor of shorter lifespan. The biological processes through which sociality affects the ageing process, as well as healthspan and lifespan, are still poorly understood. Unveiling the physiological, neurological, genomic, epigenomic, and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the association between sociality and longevity may open new perspectives to understand how lifespan is determined in a broader socio/evolutionary outlook. Here we summarize evidence showing how social dynamics can shape the evolution of life history traits through physiological and genetic processes directly or indirectly related to ageing and lifespan. We start by reviewing theories of ageing that incorporate social interactions into their model. Then, we address the link between sociality and lifespan from two separate points of view: (i) considering evidences from comparative evolutionary biology and bioanthropology that demonstrates how sociality contributes to natural variation in lifespan over the course of human evolution and among different human groups in both pre-industrial and post-industrial society, and (ii) discussing the main physiological, neurological, genetic, and epigenetic molecular processes at the interface between sociality and ageing. We highlight that the exposure to chronic social stressors deregulates neurophysiological and immunological pathways and promotes accelerated ageing and thereby reducing lifespan. In conclusion, we describe how sociality and social dynamics are intimately embedded in human biology, influencing healthy ageing and lifespan, and we highlight the need to foster interdisciplinary approaches including social sciences, biological anthropology, human ecology, physiology, and genetics.
S-LCA of lithium mining in Chile and its potential impacts on water and the local community
Authors: Roche Lindsey , Link Andreas , Marinova Sylvia , Coroama Vlad , Finkbeiner Matthias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Lithium is critical to the clean energy transition, specifically for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage. Chile is a major source of lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate from brine. The main production facilities are in the Salar de Atacama (SdA), a hyper-arid region home to indigenous communities. A social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) was conducted to better understand the potential impacts of lithium mining on these communities, particularly in relation to water consumption as this is a concern within the region.

Methods
A cradle-to-gate S-LCA on lithium was performed from brine extraction to the gate of the chemical plant. A hotspot analysis using the Social Hotspots Database (SHDB), in combination with literature and local discussions, was used to prioritize stakeholder groups and subcategories for data collection. Local community, Worker, and Society were selected as stakeholder groups. Subcategories for the Local community included Access to material resources (with a focus on freshwater), Cultural heritage, Respect of indigenous rights, Community engagement, and Local employment. Data sources included primary data from a mining company and interviews with the local community during a site visit. The reference scale approach was applied using Chilean laws and international best practices.

Results and discussion
Two scoring approaches yielded different scores on the reference scale. With an average scoring approach, all subcategories were at compliance level or above for all stakeholders. The mining company has many projects and initiatives ongoing to improve the wellbeing of the local community. Policies and projects lead to higher scores when applying the average scoring approach. However, with a precautionary approach, where the worst performing indicator determines the score, four subcategories were identified as potential issues for the Local community: Access to material resources — freshwater, Access to material resources — agriculture, Delocalization and migration, and Respect of indigenous rights. For Access to material resources — freshwater, local community members had varying perspectives on freshwater scarcity, but some connected it to lithium mining and also described the cultural importance of water.

Conclusions
The results of this S-LCA can be used to better understand the potential social impacts from lithium production and how they can be improved. Recommendations are provided to address the potential social impacts of lithium mining in the SdA, including continuing increased communication and projects with the communities, fostering initiatives to improve the understanding of the lithium production process, and considering that community members have equal access to benefit from projects.
Less-Lethal Weapons and Civilian Injury in Police Use of Force Encounters: A Multi-agency Analysis
Authors: Petersen Kevin , Koper Christopher S. , Taylor Bruce G. , Liu Weiwei , Sheridan-Johnson Jackie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolice use-of-force is a growing public health concern, with recent estimates suggesting that over 70,000 people are injured by police each year. To reduce the risk of injury to civilians, most police agencies authorize the use of various less-lethal weapons. However, to date, there is little consensus as to which types of less-lethal weapons are most effective at reducing injury risk. In this study, we test the differential effects of less-lethal weapons on civilian injury and injury severity using data on 2348 use-of-force incidents originating from 17 large urban and metropolitan law enforcement agencies from 2015 to 2019. Specifically, we assess the injury risks associated with conducted energy devices, chemical agents, impact weapons, and police canines, while controlling for a robust set of officer, civilian, and situational characteristics. Our results indicate that chemical agents reduce the risk of hospitalization or death significantly more than other weapon types, while police canines increase the risk of all injury outcomes significantly more than other weapon types. Adjusting for incident characteristics, chemical agents are predicted to cause hospitalization or death in 4% of cases, compared to 13% for conducted energy devices, 16% for impact weapons, and 37% for police canines. These findings suggest that civilian injury may be reduced through use-of-force policies that prioritize less severe modalities of force, though more research is needed on the contextual and long-term effects of these weapons.
Selbstorganisiert und dennoch geführt – eine explorative Studie zur Führung durch Scrum Master
Authors: Frye Matthias , Möltner Hannah 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag in der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) stellt eine qualitative Studie erfolgreichen Führungsverhaltens von Scrum Mastern vor. Die in der Softwareentwicklung weitverbreitete Scrum-Methode beschreibt das Scrum-Team als Self-Managing-Team und die Scrum Master als Servant Leader, die in der Praxis jedoch in ihrem Führungsverhalten große Varianz zeigen.Ausgehend von elf leitfadengestützten Experteninterviews mit Mitgliedern von Scrum-Teams wurde mithilfe einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ein Prozessmodell entwickelt, das erfolgreiches Führungsverhalten von Scrum Mastern und Voraussetzungen für den Führungserfolg beschreibt.Das Prozessmodell stellt dar, dass erfolgreiches Führungsverhalten von Scrum Mastern durch Empowering Leadership, die Unterstützung der Teammitglieder und gute Beziehungen zu den Teammitgliedern gekennzeichnet ist. Konzepte von Servant Leadership, die über Empowering hinausgehen, spielen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle für den Führungserfolg. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für erfolgreiche Führung ist die technische, organisatorische und kommunikative Kompetenz der Scrum Master. Der Führungserfolg ist zudem mit der Selbstorganisation des Teams und dem Wissensmanagement im Team eng verknüpft.Das in der Studie entwickelte Prozessmodell eignet sich zur quantitativen Validierung im Rahmen zukünftiger Forschung und bietet darüber hinaus Orientierung bei der Auswahl und Weiterentwicklung von Scrum Mastern.
Beeinflussen individuelle und schulische Prädiktoren das Erleben der Emotionen Freude und Langeweile von Schüler:innen nach dem Übergang in die Sekundarschule?
Authors: Meyer Simon , Schlesier Juliane , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungBisherige Studien haben sich hauptsächlich mit affektbezogenen Faktoren von Schüler:innen im Grund- und Sekundarschulbereich beschäftigt. Insbesondere positive schulbezogene Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und intrinsische Motivation wurden in der Sekundarstufe als förderlich für die Entwicklung positiver Emotionen und als hemmend für negative Emotionen identifiziert. Allerdings gibt es derzeit kaum Erkenntnisse über die Zeit nach dem Übergang von der Grund- in die Sekundarschule, da systematische Längsschnittstudien fehlen, die diese Einflussfaktoren auf die Entwicklung von Lern- und Leistungsemotionen berücksichtigen. Ziel dieser Längsschnittstudie ist es daher, den Einfluss individueller Faktoren wie schulbezogener Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und Motivation sowie kontextueller Prädiktoren wie Klassenführung, Klarheit und Struktur auf das Erleben von Freude und Langeweile zu analysieren. Insgesamt wurden N = 584 Schüler:innen (MAlter = 10,19 Jahre, SD = 0,45, 84,9 % weiblich; 56,2 % an Realschulen, 43,8 % an Gymnasien) zu drei Messzeitpunkten im Verlauf des ersten Jahres der Sekundarstufe I befragt. Die Ergebnisse von Wachstumskurvenmodellen zeigen, dass der Rückgang der Freude hauptsächlich durch die Abnahme schulbezogener Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen erklärt wird, während die Zunahme der Langeweile vor allem durch die erfassten Aspekte der Unterrichtsqualität erklärt wird.
Flame Retardation of Polyamide 6 by Electro-Sprayed Phosphorus–Copper Complex Supported by Layered Silicate
Authors: Majka Tomasz M. , Bukowczan Artur , Pielichowski Krzysztof 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of a phosphorus–copper complex on the flammability of polyamide 6 (PA6) materials, including organoclay-reinforced nanocomposites. The secondary objective was to compare the effectiveness of the deposition methods of the three-layer copper complex. Our previous work successfully revealed the effectiveness of reducing the flammability of polyamide composites by depositing phosphorus and copper compounds using a Layer-by-Layer technique. In the current work, we turned our attention to modifying the PA6 surface by electro-spray (ES) using the same flame retardants as before, and we investigated the effectiveness of the resulting surface protection against high temperatures during combustion. Surface roughness analysis revealed that the use of the ES method favors the formation of surface unevenness. The UL-94 test results showed that composite materials having 5-15 triple layers were among the best flammability classes compared to the others. Both types of materials tested also showed a tendency to reduce the heat release rate (HRR) by increasing the degree of surface coverage when using the electro-spray technique. Remarkably, deposition of 15 triple layers on the surface of the nanocomposite reduced the maximum HRR point by 20%.
Graphical abstract
Final diagnoses and mortality rates in ambulance patients administered nebulized β2-agonists bronchodilators
Authors: Hagenau Victor , Mulvad Mathilde G. , Valentin Jan B. , Jensen Arne S. R. , Gude Martin F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo assess final diagnoses and mortality rates (30 day and 1 year) in patients treated with the inhaled bronchodilator salbutamol by ambulance personnel, and to establish its role as an identifier of moderate to severe respiratory distress in the prehospital phase of treatment. In a descriptive retrospective observational study, patients experiencing respiratory distress and treated with inhaled bronchodilators, specifically salbutamol, in the prehospital setting within the Central Denmark Region during 2018–2019 were included. The study included 6318 ambulance transports, comprising 3686 cases of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), 234 with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), 320 with heart disease (HD), 233 adults with asthma, 1674 with various other primary ICD-10 diagnoses (other ≥ 18 years), and 171 patients under 18 years. The 30 day mortality rate for all patients was 10.7% (95% CI 9.8–11.6), with zero deaths within 30 days among adults with asthma and those under 18. Excluding low mortality groups, AECOPD patients had the lowest 30 day mortality at 10.2% (95% CI 9.1–11.3), and HD patients the highest at 15.3% (95% CI 10.6–19.9). The 1-year overall mortality rate increased to 32.1% (95% CI 30.2–34.0), with mortality staying low for asthma and under-18 groups, while differences between other groups lessened and became insignificant. Patients requiring inhaled bronchodilator treatment in ambulances exhibit notably high mortality rates at 30 days and 1 year, except for those with asthma or under 18. The need for prehospital bronchodilators could serve as a clear and unmistakable marker for moderate to severe respiratory distress, enabling early intervention.