bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 5-factor modified frailty index as a prognostic factor for stereotactic radiosurgery in meningioma management
Authors: Herr Sanjeev , Kite Trent , Vyas Praveer , Karlovits Stephen , Yu Alexander , Wegner Rodney E. , Shepard Matthew J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Meningiomas are the most frequent primary intracranial malignancy. While surgical resection can confer long term tumor control, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is often used for small, asymptomatic tumors in the adjuvant setting. Frailty has been associated with increased rates of peri-operative morbidity but has yet to be defined in the setting of SRS for meningiomas. We therefore sought to examine the relationship between frailty and clinical/radiographic outcomes of patients with meningiomas who have undergone SRS.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective cohort study classified patients by their 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) score into pre-frail (0–1) and frail (2–5) at the time of SRS treatment. Evaluations of overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), local control (LC), and distant control (DC) were performed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to further define factors associated with OS/PFS.

Results
94 patients met inclusion criteria and underwent SRS for meningioma treatment from 2019 to 2023. Analyses compared prefrail (0–1) and frail (2–5) individuals. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated a near significant association between frailty and OS (HR 3.66, 95% CI 0.49–26.8 p = 0.05) with 3-year OS rates of 75.4% in the pre-frail versus 36.6% in the frail group. However, a significant relationship was demonstrated between frailty and PFS (HR: 2.95 95% CI 1.12–7.81, p = 0.02) with 3-year PFS rates of 90.5% in the pre-frail group versus 49.2% in the frail group. Univariable regression analysis demonstrated that frailty, prior surgical excision, and cumulative tumor volume predicted PFS.

Conclusion
Frailty, as assessed by the mFI-5, did not independently predict OS but did predict PFS in individuals with meningioma undergoing SRS.
Quantification of uncertainties in reference and relative dose measurements, dose calculations, and patient setup in modern external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Kinoshita Naoki , Shimizu Morihito , Motegi Kana , Tsuruta Yusuke , Takakura Toru , Oguchi Hiroshi , Kurokawa Chie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUncertainties in the steps of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) affect patient outcomes. However, few studies have investigated major contributors to these uncertainties. This study investigated factors contributing to reducing uncertainty in delivering a dose to a target volume. The EBRT process was classified into four steps: reference dosimetry, relative dosimetry [percentage depth doses (PDDs) and off-center ratios (OCRs)], dose calculations (PDDs and OCRs in a virtual water phantom), and patient setup using an image-guided radiation therapy system. We evaluated the uncertainties for these steps in conventionally fractionated EBRT for intracranial disease using 4-, 6-, and 10-MV flattened photon beams generated from clinical linear accelerators following the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement and an uncertainty evaluation method with uncorrected deflection. The following were the major contributors to these uncertainties: beam quality conversion factors for reference dosimetry; charge measurements, chamber depth, source-to-surface distance, water evaporation, and field size for relative dosimetry; dose calculation accuracy for the dose calculations; image registration, radiation-imaging isocenter coincidence, variation in radiation isocenter due to gantry and couch rotation, and intrafractional motion for the patient setup. Among the four steps, the relative dosimetry and dose calculation (namely, both penumbral OCRs) steps involved an uncertainty of more than 5% with a coverage factor of 1. In the EBRT process evaluated herein, the uncertainties in the relative dosimetry and dose calculations must be reduced.
Allergen Immunotherapy: Optimal Duration for Respiratory Allergy
Authors: Penagos Martin , Durham Stephen R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
To analyse the evidence regarding the optimal duration of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapies to induce long-lasting benefits after treatment cessation for allergic rhinitis and asthma and to identify unmet needs.

Recent Findings
Subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapies are highly effective in desensitising selected subjects with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trials of both routes of immunotherapy support international guidelines that recommend their use for at least three years to achieve disease modification and continued clinical and immunological tolerance for allergic rhinitis. Evidence of the long-term effects of allergen immunotherapy in the context of randomised controlled trials for allergic asthma as opposed to rhinitis is limited. Nonetheless, real-world studies suggest the long-lasting benefits of allergen immunotherapy for allergic asthma, as this reduces prescriptions for pharmacotherapy and decreases the risk of asthma exacerbations and hospitalisations. The GINA guideline 2023 recommends the use of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy as an add-on therapy in subjects with suboptimally controlled asthma, despite the use of low to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, provided that the FEV1 is > 70% predicted.

Summary
Robust clinical trials of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapies have shown that 3 years of continuous treatment modifies the underlying course of allergic rhinitis with long-lasting clinical effects years after withdrawal. Further evaluations of the long-lasting effects of novel routes of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and long-term studies for allergic asthma are needed in the context of randomised clinical trials.
Recognizing Multi-Party Epistemic Dialogue Acts During Collaborative Game-Based Learning Using Large Language Models
Authors: Acosta Halim , Lee Seung , Bae Haesol , Feng Chen , Rowe Jonathan , Glazewski Krista , Hmelo-Silver Cindy , Mott Bradford , C. Lester James 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding students’ multi-party epistemic and topic based-dialogue contributions, or how students present knowledge in group-based chat interactions during collaborative game-based learning, offers valuable insights into group dynamics and learning processes. However, manually annotating these contributions is labor-intensive and challenging. To address this, we develop an automated method for recognizing dialogue acts from text chat data of small groups of middle school students interacting in a collaborative game-based learning environment. Our approach utilizes dual contrastive learning and label-aware data augmentation to fine-tune large language models’ underlying embedding representations within a supervised learning framework for epistemic and topic-based dialogue act classification. Results show that our method achieves a performance improvement of 4% to 8% over baseline methods in two key classification scenarios. These findings highlight the potential for automated dialogue act recognition to support understanding of how meaning-making occurs by focusing on the development and evolution of knowledge in group discourse, ultimately providing teachers with actionable insights to better support student learning.
Student Engagement in Medical Research Curriculum Development Strategies: A Comprehensive Approach Utilizing Mixed-Methods Study and SWOT-TOWS-AHP Analysis
Authors: Lertsakulbunlue Sethapong , Sertsuwankul Panrawee , Thammasoon Kaophiphat , Jongcherdchootrakul Kanlaya , Sakboonyarat Boonsub , Kantiwong Anupong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Student engagement in medical curriculum development has become increasingly important, yet structured frameworks for decision-making and prioritizing strategies remain limited. This study demonstrates an approach integrating student representatives into strategy development to enhance engagement in medical research (MR) curriculum design and highlights students’ perspectives on MR.

Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted with 262 clinical year medical students and intern doctors. Participants completed a questionnaire on practices, perceptions, attitudes, motivations, and barriers related to MR. Focused group discussions evaluated beliefs towards MR and the faculty’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Thematic analysis was performed. Strategies were developed using the TOWS matrix, and student representatives ranked the strategies using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

Results
MR is perceived as complex and nonessential, yet its benefits in career development, patient care, and knowledge advancement are well-recognized. The chance to pursue research on personally interesting topics motivates student engagement in MR. However, curriculum overload has emerged as a significant barrier. The opportunity-strength strategy received the highest priority score of 0.33. The preferred sub-strategy involves establishing a centralized communication and coordination system to connect expert professors in both pre-clinical and clinical medical fields, both within and outside the institution, thereby enhancing the diversity of available mentors (priority score = 0.12).

Conclusion
To address curriculum overload, a centralized communication system and coordination between students and experts are necessary. Additionally, cultivating time management skills is essential. Involving students in curriculum development ensures that their perspectives and needs are considered, leading to the creation of insightful strategies.
Representations of integers as sums of four polygonal numbers and partial theta functions
Authors: Bringmann Kathrin , Jang Min-Joo , Kane Ben , Tse Alvin Cheuk Hin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider representations of integers as sums of at most four distinct polygonal numbers with a prescribed number of repeats of each distinct polygonal number. We compare such representations with classical polygonal numbers, and those representations with generalized polygonal numbers. Our main result is that representations with classical polygonal numbers are equidistributed in the sense that the number of representations in the nonnegative quadrant in four-dimensional space is asymptotically $$\frac{1}{16}$$

1
16

of the representations in the entire space.
The urban footprint of rural forced displacement
Authors: Calderon Edwar A. , Patino Jorge E. , Duque Juan C. , Keith Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth of marginal settlements in the Global South, largely fueled by the resettlement of millions of internally displaced people (IDPs), underscores the urgent need for tailored housing solutions for these vulnerable populations. However, prevailing approaches have often relied on a one-size-fits-all model, overlooking the diverse socio-spatial realities of IDP communities. Drawing on a case study in Medellin, Colombia, where a significant portion of the population consists of forced migrants, this interdisciplinary study merges concepts from human geography and urban theory with computational methods in remote sensing and exploratory spatial data analysis. By integrating socio-spatial theory with quantitative analysis, we challenge the conventional housing paradigm and propose a novel framework for addressing the housing needs of IDPs. Employing a three-phase methodology rooted in Lefebvre’s theoretical framework on the production of space, including participatory mapping, urban morphology characterization, and similarity analysis, we identify distinct patterns within urban IDP settlements and advocate for culturally sensitive housing policies. Our analysis, focusing on Colombia, the country with the largest IDP population globally, reveals the limitations of standardized approaches and highlights the importance of recognizing and accommodating socio-cultural diversity in urban planning. By contesting standardized socio-spatial practices, our research aims not only to promote equality but also to foster recognition and inclusivity within marginalized communities.
The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moges Sisay , Lajore Bereket Aberham , Oleba Abera Feyisa , Godebo Abraham Samuel , Funga Mengistu Lodebo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates have remained unacceptably high. Inadequate nutrient intake or absorption is a widespread problem in several African nations, resulting in undernutrition and anemia. However, the pooled effect of malnutrition and anemia on HIV-related death related to children receiving ART was not investigated in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for observational studies published between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024 that reported the risk factors or effects of undernutrition and, anemia on HIV-related mortality among children. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out separately by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using random effect models.

Results
The review included 27 studies with a combined total of 61,796 study participants. The study findings showed that severe wasting (HR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.87–3.30), being underweight (HR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64–2.72), and Anemia (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.08–3.19) were highly linked to HIV-related death among children. The risk of death due to anemia was greater among children under the age of 5 years than older children.

Conclusion
Undernutrition and anemia in sub-Saharan African children increased the risk of HIV-related death. The impact of malnutrition and anemia among under 5 years old children with HIV/AIDS was more pronounced, suggesting that these conditions at this early age can have more serious consequences for a child’s survival. The importance of combining nutrition with HIV treatment programs in sub-Saharan African countries is crucial.
Phase-field based shape optimization of uni- and multiaxially loaded nature-inspired porous structures while maintaining characteristic properties
Authors: Selzer Michael , Wallat Leonie , Kersch Nils , Reder Martin , Seiler Marcus , Poehler Frank , Nestler Britta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTriply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are highly versatile porous formations that can be defined by formulas. Computationally based, load-specific shape optimization enables tailoring these structures for their respective application areas and thereby enhance their potential. In this investigation, individual sheet-based gyroid structures with varying porosities are specifically optimized with respect to their stiffness. A modified phase-field method is employed to establish a simulation framework for the shape optimization process. Despite constant volume and the preservation of the periodicity of the unit cells, volume redistribution occurs through displacement of the interfaces. The phase-field-based optimization process is detailed using unidirectional loading on three gyroidal unit cells with porosities of 75 %, 80 %, and 85 %. Subsequently, the gyroidal unit cell with a porosity of 85 % is shape-optimized under multidirectional loading. A subsequent experimental validation of the unidirectionally loaded cells confirms that the shape-optimized structures exhibit, on average, higher stiffness than the non-optimized structures. The highest increase of 40 % in effective modulus is achieved with the gyroid structure having a porosity of 75 %, while maintaining minimal alteration to the surface-to-volume ratio and preserving periodicity. Additionally, the experimental data show that the optimization process resulted in a shift in the linear elasticity and plasticity range. In summary, the phase-field method proves to be a valid optimization technique for complex porous structures, allowing the preservation of characteristic properties.
Take-off performance of a single engine battery-electric aeroplane
Authors: Gratton G.B. , Delaney T. , Zaghari B. , Kendall G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the take-off performance of a single engine battery-electric aeroplane, using the example of the 300kg Sherwood eKub. It shows analysis of take-off performance of such an aeroplane must include as a minimum two new parameters not normally considered: time at full throttle and state of charge. It was shown in both ground and flight test that the state of available power reduces both as the throttle is fully open, and as battery charge is consumed, although recovers partially when power is reduced for a period. It is possible to schedule take-off performance as a function of the usual parameters plus state of charge. Because of the reducing climb performance with use of state of charge, and the requirement in airworthiness standards for minimum climb performance being available, it becomes necessary to introduce the concept of minimum-indicated state of charge for take-off, SoCiMTO; means to calculate that are shown for compliance with both microlight aeroplane standards and larger aeroplane standards, and the calculations are demonstrated for the eKub. Conclusions are also drawn about the use of commercial products SkyDemon and Google Earth for recording and analysing aeroplane performance data.
Navigating Concurrent Disasters: Lessons learned from a Hospital Evacuation Amidst a Pandemic and an Earthquake
Authors: Sofuoglu Zeynep , Ozturk Merdiye , Er Metin , Arslan Gul , Sönmez Ömer Faruk , Oncel Mehmet Yekta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The concurrent challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and a significant earthquake in Izmir on October 30, 2020, presented a unique scenario for disaster management and response. This study focuses on the impact of the earthquake, which resulted in 117 fatalities, including 1 due to drowning, and injured 1034 individuals, alongside widespread structural damage including to the Izmir Democracy University Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Training and Research Hospital. The objective is to assess the activation and implementation of the hospital disaster plan amidst the ongoing pandemic. Through a retrospective evaluation of all actions undertaken as per the Hospital Disaster Emergency Plan within the Disaster Management cycle, this study examines the decision-making process for the hospital evacuation on October 30, 2020, the evacuation of COVID-19 patients, and the strategies employed to increase hospital capacity. Of 216 patients hospitalized at the time of the earthquake, 65 were transferred to other facilities under COVID-19 protocols. The prolonged nature of pandemics and the likelihood of secondary disasters underscore the importance of comprehensive risk assessments and dynamic disaster planning, considering simultaneous multiple hazards. This study suggests the inclusion of multi hazard scenarios and diverse evacuation methods by using types of ambulances, such as ground, helicopter, and boat.
Overcoming ambiguities in war on terror mechanisms in Africa: Acknowledging Africa is not a country
Authors: Oando Samwel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article critically examines the major shortcomings in multi-country security investments in East Africa during the war on terror. It argues that these investments have not only failed to adequately recognise African contexts but also falls short of recognising the agency of local communities in counterterrorism efforts. Drawing on critical terrorism and security studies, as well as excerpts from interviews with practitioners in Kenya, the article identifies gaps in the prevailing approach that treats Africa as a unitary entity and critiques the notion of universality of knowledge ingrained in these interventions. By taking a decolonial perspective, the article challenges some prevailing constructions about Africa, linked to the war on terror, as the source of this notion of universality of knowledge. By highlighting the connection of counterterrorism strategies to coloniality and the systemic exclusion of subaltern voices, the discussion suggests that a more contextually informed approach is a precursor to envisioning Africa positioned beyond the war on terror.
Alternative study designs and nonparametric statistical methods for adaptive management studies of invasive plants
Authors: McNair James N. , Frobish Daniel , Rice Emma K. , Thum Ryan A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdaptive management studies of invasive plants on non-agricultural lands typically employ an empirical approach based on designed field experiments that permit rigorous statistical analysis of results to quantify outcomes and assess the efficacy of management practices. When habitat restoration is the primary goal of a project, traditional plot-based study designs (e.g., the randomized complete-block design) are sometimes infeasible (this is often true in aquatic habitats) or inappropriate (e.g., when the goal is to assess effects of management practices on survival or resprouting of individual plants, such as trees or shrubs). Moreover, the assumptions of distribution-specific parametric statistical methods such as ANOVA often cannot be convincingly verified or are clearly untenable when properly assessed. For these reasons, it is worthwhile to be aware of alternative study designs that do not employ plots as experimental units and nonparametric statistical methods that require only weak distributional assumptions. The purpose of this paper is to review several of these alternative study designs and nonparametric statistical methods that we have found useful in our own studies of invasive aquatic and terrestrial plants. We motivate each statistical method by a research question it is well suited to answer, provide corresponding references to the statistical literature, and identify at least one R function that implements the method. In the Supplementary Material, we present additional technical information about the statistical methods, numerical examples with data, and a set of complete R programs to illustrate application of the statistical methods.
Italian parties and the European Union's response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Capati Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses Italian party positions on the EU's response to the Russo-Ukrainian war, singling out the adoption of sanctions against Russia, the provision of military support to Kiev, enlargement to Ukraine and the welcoming of Ukrainian refugees into the Union's territory as the four main dimension of such a response. The paper draws on the literatures on cleavage politics, the inverted U curve and the differentiated forms of politicisation, thereby testing theory-driven research hypotheses through a qualitative content analysis of Italian parties' Facebook posts in the three months following the outbreak of the conflict, combining an inductive and a deductive approach. The findings show that party families are a good explanatory factor behind Italian party positions vis-à-vis the EU's response to the war outbreak as parties belonging to the same family shared a similar stance on the four dimensions of such a response. On the contrary, the Europeanism/Euroscepticism divide does not explain Italian party positions on the EU's reaction to the Ukrainian conflict as Europeanist parties split over the EU's provision of weapons to Ukraine about as much as Eurosceptic partis split over the adoption of sanctions against Moscow. Finally, the paper shows that policy issues in the EU's response to the war (such as sanctions and arms delivery) were much more salient for and contested by Italian political parties than constitutive issues (such as enlargement and asylum).