bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-flight reactions of nocturnally migrating birds to winds
Authors: Bruderer Bruno , Korner Pius , Peter Dieter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAvailable knowledge on in-flight reactions of nocturnal bird migrants to winds is reviewed, with emphasis on the challenging topographical and meteorological conditions in Western Europe, and differences from the situation in North America discussed. Conclusions drawn are used for a new approach: using individual radar tracks of nocturnal migrants (mainly passerines) as well as winds measured at their flight altitudes, we defined the basic direction (BD = average flight direction of all migrants tracked under negligible wind influence) as a reference. For two altitudinal zones above a radar site near Nuremberg, we modelled the deviations of tracks and headings from BD for increasing wind from six 60° sectors. A comparison of birds’ air speeds Va with winds from four 90°-sectors confirmed that Va increased with opposing winds from ~ 11 to 13 (14) m/s; a similar increase occurred with side winds. An expected, slight decrease of Va with increasing following winds was only indicated for high-flying, not for low-flying birds. A predicted increase in average Va due to decreasing air density with increasing height was not observed; possible explanations (birds climbing to high altitudes in following, but not in strong opposing winds) are discussed. Over the whole autumn migration season, headings were concentrated in a sector of ± 30° around 230° in both altitudinal zones. Prevailing winds from 230 to 320° (SW–NW, i.e. opposing from right) led to widely scattered tracks primarily between 190° and 270°, but additional ones in the SE sector (mainly 100°–170°). The analysis of tracks and headings relative to BD revealed the following features. (1) Overcompensation was frequently observed at low wind speeds (< 3 m/s); (2) under all wind conditions, but particularly with opposing winds and at low flight levels, tracks were widely scattered, including birds deviating more than 90° from BD. (3) Under opposing and side winds from the right compensatory efforts led to partial drift compensation up to wind speeds of ~ 8–10 m/s. Because efforts to compensate drift dwindled with increasing wind speeds, birds were fully drifted. Many even shifted their heading to due south and, hence, overdrifted. (4) Opposing and side winds from the left induced partial compensation at low flight levels and full drift above 1500 m asl. (5) The lateral components of the rare and weak following winds led to tracks close to expected minimal drift (without important compensation needed). In general, migrants compensated less for deviations by wind force than expected. The tendency of birds to maintain headings close to BD under opposing winds was so strong that many individuals continued migration with minimal progress over ground or even with retrograde migration as an extreme. On the other hand, there was an omnipresent fraction of birds with tracks far from seasonally favourable directions, including reverse migration.
Melanoma in people living with HIV: Immune landscape dynamics and the role of immuno- and antiviral therapies
Authors: Barger Lindsay N. , El Naggar Olivia S. , Ha Binh , Romano Gabriele 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe intersection of HIV and melanoma presents a complex and unique challenge, marked by distinct patterns in incidence, mortality, and treatment response. Higher mortality rates among people with HIV who develop melanoma underscore an urgent need to identify the factors influencing these outcomes. Investigating immune system dynamics, the effects of anti-retroviral drugs, and the evolving landscape of cancer immunotherapy in this population holds promise for new insights, though significant uncertainties remain. Over the past 25 years, melanoma research has demonstrated that a robust immune response is critical for effective treatment. In the context of chronic HIV infection, viral reservoirs enable the virus to persist despite anti-retroviral therapy and foster dysregulated myeloid and T cell compartments. The resulting chronic inflammation weakens the immune system and damages tissues, potentially creating “cold” tumor microenvironments that are less responsive to therapy. In this challenging context, animal models become invaluable for uncovering underlying biological mechanisms. While these models do not fully replicate human HIV infection, they provide essential insights into critical questions and inform the development of tailored treatments for this patient population. Clinically, increasing trial participation and creating a centralized, accessible repository for HIV and cancer samples and data are vital. Achieving these goals requires institutions to address barriers to research participation among people with HIV, focusing on patient-centered initiatives that leverage biomedical research to improve their outcomes and extend their lives.
Title: Updates on Testosterone Deficiency in Men Living With HIV and the Cardiovascular Implications
Authors: Garcia Michael , Londoño Valeria , Martinez Claudia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review evaluates recent literature (2020–2025) on testosterone deficiency (TD) and its cardiovascular implications in men living with HIV (MLH), focusing on prevalence, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies, including cardiovascular risks linked to testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).

Recent Findings
TD remains highly prevalent in MLH, often manifesting earlier than in the general population due to chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. While TRT's cardiovascular risks have been debated, recent studies indicate no significant increase in major cardiovascular events among TRT users compared to placebo, though some adverse effects remain a concern.

Summary
With HIV now a chronic condition due to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the focus has shifted to managing non-infectious comorbidities like TD. MLH experience TD at younger ages and require personalized care to address this condition and its associated risks effectively.
Compelled Speech at Work: Employer Mobilization as a Threat to Employee Speech Rights
Authors: Ancell Aaron 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEmployers often encourage, incentivize, or even require their employees to engage in politics in a variety of ways. For example, employers often encourage employees to vote, press employees to support particular political candidates or policies, require employees to participate in political events, or ask employees to contact elected officials to advocate for the employer’s interests. Such practices are all forms of employer mobilization. This essay considers the threat that employer mobilization poses to employees’ speech rights, specifically employees’ right against compelled speech. I argue that employer mobilization practices are liable to infringe on employees’ right against compelled speech when three conditions are met: (1) the employer asks or encourages employees to express a particular political message that is inconsistent with some employees’ beliefs and values; (2) the employer forces some employees to express the employer’s message; and (3) the employees are not employed in a role or an organization in which expressing or supporting such messages is an essential part of the job.
Generalized Hilbert operators acting on weighted spaces of holomorphic functions with sup-norms
Authors: Beltrán-Meneu María J. , Bonet José , Jordá Enrique 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe behaviour of the generalized Hilbert operator associated with a positive finite Borel measure $$\mu $$
μ
on [0, 1) is investigated when it acts on weighted Banach spaces of holomorphic functions on the unit disc defined by sup-norms and on Korenblum type growth Banach spaces. It is studied when the operator is well defined, bounded and compact. To this aim, we study when it can be represented as an integral operator. We observe important differences with the behaviour of the Cesàro-type operator acting on these spaces, getting that boundedness and compactness are equivalent concepts for some standard weights. For the space of bounded holomorphic functions on the disc and for the Wiener algebra, we get also this equivalence, which is characterized in turn by the summability of the moments of the measure $$\mu $$
μ
. In the latter case, it is also equivalent to nuclearity. Nuclearity of the generalized Hilbert operator acting on related spaces, such as the classical Hardy space, is also analyzed.
Inhibition of CHI3L1 decreases N-cadherin and VCAM-1 levels in glioblastoma
Authors: Rusak Agnieszka , Gąsior-Głogowska Marlena , Sargenti Azzurra , Krzyżak Edward , Kotowski Krzysztof , Mrozowska Monika , Górnicki Tomasz , Kujawa Krzysztof , Dzięgiel Piotr 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The protein CHI3L1 contributes to cancer development by several mechanisms, including stimulation of angiogenesis and invasion as well as immunomodulatory effects. These properties make it a potential target for the development of targeted therapies in precision medicine. In this context, the particular potential of CHI3L1 inhibition could be considered in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), whose tumors exhibit high levels of angiogenesis and increased CHI3L1 expression. This study aims to investigate whether inhibition of CHI3L1 in spheroids used as a GBM model affects the mechanisms of invasiveness;

Methods
We analyzed the interactions between CHI3L1 and the inhibitor G721-0282 in molecular docking and molecular dynamics (in silico) and infrared spectroscopy. Uptake of G721-0282 in GBM spheroids was measured using a label-free physical cytometer. Changes in E-, N- and VE-cadherins, VCAM-1, and EGFR were analyzed by immunohistochemical reactions, Western blot, and ddPCR methods in U-87 MG cells and GBM spheroids consisting of U-87 MG glioblastoma cells, HMEC-1 endothelial cells and macrophages;

Results
A direct interaction between CHI3L1 and G721-0282 was confirmed. G721-0282 decreased N-cadherins and VCAM-1 in GBM spheroids, but the changes in the 2D model of U-87 MG glioblastoma cells were different;

Conclusion
Inhibition of CHI3L1 has the potential to reduce the invasiveness of GBM tumors. The 3D model of GBM spheroids is of great significance for investigating changes in membrane proteins and the tumor microenvironment.
Addressing the regulatory gap: moving towards an EU AI audit ecosystem beyond the AI Act by including civil society
Authors: Hartmann David , de Pereira José Renato Laranjeira , Streitbörger Chiara , Berendt Bettina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe European legislature has proposed the Digital Services Act (DSA) and Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) to regulate platforms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) products. We review to what extent third-party audits are part of both laws and how is access to information on models and the data provided. By considering the value of third-party audits and third-party data access in an audit ecosystem, we identify a regulatory gap in that the AIA does not provide access to data for researchers and civil society. Our contributions to the literature include: (1) Defining an AI audit ecosystem incorporating compliance and oversight. (2) Highlighting a regulatory gap within the DSA and AIA regulatory framework, preventing the establishment of an AI audit ecosystem that has effective oversight by civil society and academia. (3) Emphasizing that third-party audits by research and civil society must be part of that ecosystem, we call for AIA amendments and delegated acts to include data and model access for certain AI products. Furthermore, we call for the DSA to provide NGOs and investigative journalists with data access to platforms by delegated acts and for adaptions and amendments of the AIA to provide third-party audits and data and model access, at least for high-risk systems. Regulations modeled after EU AI regulations should enable data access and third-party audits, fostering an AI audit ecosystem that promotes compliance and oversight mechanisms.
Nutritional management for late complications of radiotherapy
Authors: lyu Jiahua , Su Yue , Bai Hansong , Kuang Hao , Li Churong , Zheng Xiumei , Liang Long , li Lu , Cheng Diou , Li Tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLate complications of radiotherapy can include a variety of issues, such as xerostomia, dysphagia, taste changes, digestive and absorption dysfunction. These late complications can seriously impact the nutritional status and quality of life of patients following radiotherapy, and may even adversely affect tumor control and patient survival. Comprehensive nutritional management strategies should be implemented to address these late complications. For radiation-induced xerostomia, salivary stimulant drugs, saliva substitutes, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating dry mouth symptoms. The management of post-radiation trismus remains challenging, with functional training, including active jaw exercises, passive motor devices, and splints, being the primary interventions. In the case of radiation-induced dysphagia, a multidisciplinary team approach is recommended, incorporating malnutrition risk assessment, personalized nutritional treatment, nursing care, rehabilitation training, and patient education. Protecting normal organs, such as the tongue and oral cavity, during radiotherapy planning can help prevent and mitigate taste changes, which can be further managed with zinc supplements, oral care, and lactoferrin supplementation. For post-radiation digestive and absorption dysfunction, a comprehensive assessment of the patient's nutritional status, site of gastrointestinal injury, and potential complications (e.g., bleeding, perforation) is crucial in guiding the selection of appropriate nutritional support, ranging from enteral nutrition as the first-line approach to supplemental or even exclusive parenteral nutrition. Surgical intervention may be necessary in some cases. By implementing these multifaceted nutritional management strategies, healthcare professionals can optimize the care of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and mitigate the adverse impact of late radiation complications on their overall well-being and treatment outcomes.
Atom cavity encoding for NP-complete problems
Authors: Ye Meng , Li Xiaopeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe consider an atom-cavity system having long-range atomic interactions mediated by cavity modes. It has been shown that quantum simulations of spin models with this system can naturally be used to solve number partition problems. Here, we present encoding schemes for numerous nondeterministic polynomial-time complete (NP-complete) problems, encompassing the majority of Karp’s 21 NP-complete problems. We find a number of such computation problems can be encoded by the atom-cavity system at a linear cost of atom number. There are still certain problems that cannot be encoded by the atom-cavity as efficiently, such as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), and the Hamiltonian cycle. For these problems, we provide encoding schemes with a quadratic or quartic cost in the atom number. We expect this work to provide important guidance to search for the practical quantum advantage of the atom-cavity system in solving NP-complete problems. Moreover, the encoding schemes we develop here may also be adopted in other optical systems for solving NP-complete problems, where a similar form of Mattis-type spin glass Hamiltonian as in the atom-cavity system can be implemented.
The Mirror of Art
Authors: Warwick Genevieve 
Published: November 2024

One of the key pictorial developments of Renaissance art was a conceptualisation of painting as a mirror reflection of the visible world. The idea of painting as specular was argued in Renaissance art theory, demonstrated in art practice, and represented in painting itself. Both within the artist's workshop and within pictorial representation, the mirror-image became the instrument, the emblem, and the conceptual definition of what a painting was. In this volume, Genevieve Warwick brings a dual focus to the topic through an exploration of the early modern elision of the picture plane with the mirror – image. She considers the specular configuration of Renaissance painting from various thematic points of view to offer a fully interdisciplinary analysis of the mirror analogy that pervaded not only art theory and art-making, but also the larger cultural spheres of philosophy, letters, and scientific observation. Warwick's volume recasts our understanding of the inter-visual relationships between disciplines, and their consequences for a specular definition of Renaissance painting.
Remembering Bloody Sunday 50 years on: A textual analysis of Bloody Sunday anniversary coverage
Authors: Hanson Kelsey 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
On January 30, 2022, Northern Ireland observed the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday. On that day in 1972, the British Army opened fire on a group of unarmed protesters in Derry, killing 13 and wounding an additional 15. Bloody Sunday was a pivotal moment during the 30 years of conflict in Northern Ireland known as the Troubles, a day widely considered a ‘watershed in British-Irish history’. And while 50 years have passed since this dark day, Bloody Sunday remains vivid in the collective memory of the small country. Considering the cultural and social significance of Bloody Sunday, I sought to answer a simple yet deceptively complicated question: does this still matter? In pursuing this answer, I aimed to understand how journalists and news outlets chose to mark and remember the anniversary in their January and February 2022 coverage. First, I present an overview of Bloody Sunday and its historical role as a catalyst for the three decades of the Troubles. Then, I review relevant memory studies literature in order to understand the role that commemorative news media play in the process of remembering in conflict and post-conflict environments. I then introduce my three research questions and methods before finally discussing the results of my analysis. I found that Bloody Sunday continues to be invoked against British colonialism, that key details of the day remain contested even now, and that the press presented Bloody Sunday as part of a globalised narrative of war-time atrocities.
Investing in the care services sectors for employment generation and gender-inclusive growth: the case of Turkey
Authors: Gultekin Derya , Ilkkaracan Ipek , Bayar Ayşe Aylin , Ozcanlı-Baran Pınar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The care crisis intersects with economic, social, and refugee crises, necessitating focused attention to bolster care infrastructure and address the multifaceted challenges. Women bear a disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic work, exacerbating gender inequalities in labor markets and education. This paper applies the International Labour Organization–UN Women (2021) policy tool to Turkish data, estimating coverage gaps in education and healthcare, associated costs, and employment generation potential in the care sectors and related sectors. We identify a coverage gap in education affecting 5.8 million children. The required investment to address this gap is estimated at 2.28 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). In all, 303,000 healthcare workers are needed, requiring an investment of 1.23 percent of GDP. These investments have the potential to generate 1.740 million direct and 152,000 indirect jobs. This would result in a substantial 6.7 percent increase in total employment. Considering the current gender composition, women are expected to fill 65 percent of these jobs, leading to a 14 percent improvement in female employment. Incorporating 3.7 million Syrian refugees, Turkey’s investment cost rises to 3.74 percent of GDP, creating 1.878 million new direct jobs – an 8 percent boost over the non-inclusive scenario. Prioritizing public investments in care services promises to promote gender equality, human development, and inclusive economic growth.
Spectral stability of constrained solitary waves for a generalized Ostrovsky equation
Authors: Han Fangyu , Gao Yuetian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider the existence and stability of constrained solitary wave solutions to the generalized Ostrovsky equation

\begin{align*}
\partial_x\left(\partial_t u+ \alpha\partial_x u+\partial_x(f(u))+\beta \partial_x^3u\right)=\gamma u,\quad \|u\|_{L^2}^2=\lambda \gt 0,
\end{align*}

where the homogeneous nonlinearities

$f(s)=\alpha_0|s|^p+\alpha_1|s|^{p-1}s$

, with p > 1. If

$\alpha_0,\alpha_1 \gt 0$

,

$\alpha\in\mathbb{R}$

, and γ < 0 satisfying

$\beta\gamma=-1$

, we show that for

$1 \lt p \lt 5$

, there exists a constrained ground state traveling wave solution with travelling velocity

$\omega \gt \alpha-2$

. Furthermore, we obtain the exponential decay estimates and the weak non-degeneracy of the solution. Finally, we show that the solution is spectrally stable. This is a continuation of recent work [1] on existence and stability for a water wave model with non-homogeneous nonlinearities.
On the monodromy group of the family of smooth quintic plane curves
Authors: Salter Nick 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider the space

$\mathcal{P}_d$

of smooth complex projective plane curves of degree

$d$

. There is the tautological family of plane curves defined over

$\mathcal{P}_d$

, which has an associated monodromy representation

$\rho _d: \pi _1(\mathcal{P}_d) \to \textrm{Mod}(\Sigma _g)$

into the mapping class group of the fiber. For

$d \le 4$

, classical algebraic geometry implies the surjectivity of

$\rho _d$

. For

$d \ge 5$

, the existence of a

$(d-3)^{rd}$

root of the canonical bundle implies that

$\rho _d$

cannot be surjective. The main result of this paper is that for

$d = 5$

, the image of

$\rho _5$

is as large as possible, subject to this constraint. This requires combining the algebro-geometric work of Lönne with Johnson’s theory of the Torelli subgroup of

$\textrm{Mod}(\Sigma _g)$

.
COVID-19 and PIMS-TS-related admissions to paediatric intensive care in the Republic of Ireland January 2020 and July 2022 and analysis of cardiovascular manifestations of their disease
Authors: McCay Nicola , Beirne Niamh , Bereton Erica , Healy Martina , Franklin Orla 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and aims:Our aim was to investigate all children admitted to paediatric intensive care units (ICU) in the Republic of Ireland between January 2020 and August 2022 with an admitting diagnosis of acute COVID-19 infection or paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome, temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) or associated illness. The patients were identified to catalogue the severity of illness, analyse cardiovascular manifestations of their disease, and short-term outcomes.Methods:This is a retrospective multi-centre observational study.Results:127 children were admitted to paediatric ICU in Ireland with a COVID-19- related illness between January 2020 and August 2022. 87 (68.5%) of patients had acute COVID-19 infection, 39 (30.7%) had PIMS-TS and 1 (0.8%) patient had post-COVID vaccine-related myocarditis. Ventilatory support was required for 47/87 (54%) in the COVID-19 group comparative to 9/39 (23%) of patients with PIMS-TS. Inotropic support was required for 13/87 (14.9%) children with COVID-19 and 29/39 (74.3%) with PIMS-TS. Evidence of any cardiac disease on ECHO was identified in 23/38 (60.5%) of the PIMS-TS cohort comparative to only 5/36 (13.9%) of patients with COVID-19. 38/39 (97.4%) of patients with PIMS-TS-related cardiac disease and 100% with COVID-19 had a normal echo at the time of discharge from hospital. Overall survival of patients was 100%.Conclusion:The burden of cardiac disease in children requiring paediatric ICU care for COVID-19-related disease was high in the acute phase; however, all children survived, and all cardiac investigations had normalised by short-term follow-up.