bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Health Information Technology–Enabled Collective Intelligence Platform to Improve Diagnosis in Primary Care and Urgent Care Settings: Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fontil Valy , Khoong Elaine C , Hoskote Mekhala , Radcliffe Kate , Ratanawongsa Neda , Lyles Courtney Rees , Sarkar Urmimala 
Published: May 2019

Background
Diagnostic error in ambulatory care, a frequent cause of preventable harm, may be mitigated using the collective intelligence of multiple clinicians. The National Academy of Medicine has identified enhanced clinician collaboration and digital tools as a means to improve the diagnostic process.

Objective
This study aims to assess the efficacy of a collective intelligence output to improve diagnostic confidence and accuracy in ambulatory care cases (from primary care and urgent care clinic visits) with diagnostic uncertainty.

Methods
This is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of using collective intelligence in cases with diagnostic uncertainty from clinicians at primary care and urgent care clinics in 2 health care systems in San Francisco. Real-life cases, identified for having an element of diagnostic uncertainty, will be entered into a collective intelligence digital platform to acquire collective intelligence from at least 5 clinician contributors on the platform. Cases will be randomized to an intervention group (where clinicians will view the collective intelligence output) or control (where clinicians will not view the collective intelligence output). Clinicians will complete a postvisit questionnaire that assesses their diagnostic confidence for each case; in the intervention cases, clinicians will complete the questionnaire after reviewing the collective intelligence output for the case. Using logistic regression accounting for clinician clustering, we will compare the primary outcome of diagnostic confidence and the secondary outcome of time with diagnosis (the time it takes for a clinician to reach a diagnosis), for intervention versus control cases. We will also assess the usability and satisfaction with the digital tool using measures adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model and Net Promoter Score.

Results
We have recruited 32 out of our recruitment goal of 33 participants. This study is funded until May 2020 and is approved by the University of California San Francisco Institutional Review Board until January 2020. We have completed data collection as of June 2019 and will complete our proposed analysis by December 2019.

Conclusions
This study will determine if the use of a digital platform for collective intelligence is acceptable, useful, and efficacious in improving diagnostic confidence and accuracy in outpatient cases with diagnostic uncertainty. If shown to be valuable in improving clinicians’ diagnostic process, this type of digital tool may be one of the first innovations used for reducing diagnostic errors in outpatient care. The findings of this study may provide a path forward for improving the diagnostic process.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/13151
Predictors of Patients’ Intention to Interact With Doctors in Web-Based Health Communities in China: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Tailai , Deng Zhaohua , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Donglan , Wang Ruoxi , Wu Xiang 
Published: May 2019

Background
Web-based health communities provide opportunities for doctors and patients to interact with each other and change the traditional communication mode between doctors and patients. However, little is known about the predictors of patients’ intention to interact with doctors in Web-based health communities in China.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate what are the predictors of patients’ intention to interact with doctors in Web-based health communities in China.

Methods
On the basis of two-factor theory and service convenience theory, we propose that the attributes of Web-based health communities including ease of use and perceived synchronicity influence patients’ intention to interact through convenience of Web-based health communities, whereas the attributes of physical health facilities such as inaccessibility and discontinuity affect patients’ intention to interact through inconvenience of physical health facilities. We employed the survey method to validate our hypothesized relationships. Through developing the measurement instruments, we collected 334 valid answers from Web health community users and utilized partial least square to analyze the data.

Results
Ease of use (t311=2.924, P=.004) and perceived synchronicity (t311=2.353, P=.019) were found to influence convenience of Web-based health communities significantly, whereas inaccessibility (t311=3.189, P=.002) and discontinuity (t311=3.149, P=.002) were found to impact inconvenience of physical health facilities significantly. Meanwhile, both convenience of Web-based health communities (t311=2.353, P=.019) and inconvenience of physical health facilities (t311=2.787, P=.006) were found to affect patients’ intention to interact with doctors in Web-based health communities significantly. Therefore, all the proposed hypotheses were supported.

Conclusions
Through including factors from both Web-based health communities and physical health facilities, we can understand patients’ intention to interact comprehensively. This study not only contributes to literature of doctor-patient interaction and Web-based health platforms but also provides implications to promote doctor-patient interaction online and offline.
Efficacy and Safety of Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart Compared With Insulin Aspart, Both in Combination With Insulin Degludec, in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The onset 7 Trial
Authors: Bode Bruce W. , Iotova Violeta , Kovarenko Margarita , Laffel Lori M. , Rao Paturi V. , Deenadayalan Srikanth , Ekelund Magnus , Larsen Steffen Falgreen , Danne Thomas 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE
To confirm efficacy and safety of fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) versus insulin aspart (IAsp), both with basal insulin degludec, in a pediatric population with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
After a 12-week run-in, this treat-to-target, 26-week, multicenter trial randomized participants (1 to &lt;18 years) to double-blind mealtime faster aspart (n = 260), mealtime IAsp (n = 258), or open-label postmeal faster aspart (n = 259). The primary end point was change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after 26 weeks of treatment. All available information regardless of treatment discontinuation was used for the evaluation of treatment effect.

RESULTS
At week 26, mealtime and postmeal faster aspart were noninferior to IAsp regarding change from baseline in HbA1c (P &lt; 0.001 for noninferiority [0.4% margin]), with a statistically significant difference in favor of mealtime faster aspart (estimated treatment difference −0.17% [95% CI −0.30; −0.03], −1.82 mmol/mol [−3.28; −0.36]; P = 0.014). Change from baseline in 1-h postprandial glucose increment significantly favored mealtime faster aspart versus IAsp at breakfast, main evening meal, and over all meals (P &lt; 0.01 for all). No statistically significant differences in the overall rate of severe or blood glucose–confirmed hypoglycemia were observed. Mean total daily insulin dose was 0.92 units/kg for mealtime faster aspart, 0.92 units/kg for postmeal faster aspart, and 0.88 units/kg for mealtime IAsp.

CONCLUSIONS
In children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, mealtime and postmeal faster aspart with insulin degludec provided effective glycemic control with no additional safety risks versus IAsp. Mealtime faster aspart provided superior HbA1c control compared with IAsp.
MEMAKSIMALKAN PERAN TREATY OF AMITY AND COOPERATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 1976 (TAC) DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI ASEAN
Authors: Rantau Itasari Endah 
Published: May 2019

ASEAN merupakan organisasi regional yang beranggotakan 10 negara, tujuan dibentuknya ASEAN adalah menjaga stabilitas kawasan serta perdamaian di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Jika terjadi suatu sengketa antara anggota-anggotanya maupun dengan negara di luar anggota ASEAN dihimbau menggunakan jalan damai sesuai dengan yang tertuang dalam TAC 1976. Hal ini untuk memaksimalkan apa yang telah dituangkan di dalam TAC seperti : Saling menghormati kemedekaan, kedaulatan, dan intergritas wilayah semua bangsa; Setiap negara berhak memelihara keberadaanya dari campur tangan, subversi, kekerasan dari kekuatan luar; Tidak mencampuri urusan dalam negara lain; Menyelesaikan perbedaan pendapat dan pertikaian dengan jalan damai; serta Menolak ancaman penggunaan kekerasan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kepustakaan dimana metode pengumpulan data dari buku, artikel dan bacaan lain sebagai bahasa analisis. Data akan dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan teori kemudian disajikan sistematis secara deskriptif. Kata Kunci : ASEAN, Peran Treaty Of Amity And Cooperation In Southeast Asia 1976 (TAC), Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional.
URGENSI PEMBENTUKAN REGULASI PENGGUNAAN MATA UANG VIRTUAL (BITCOIN) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Setyaningrum Christine Ayu 
Published: May 2019

Era globalisasi telah menjangkit seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat tak terkecuali aspek ekonomi. Penggunaan alat pembayaran tunai saat ini mulai bergeser menggunakan alat pembayaran non tunai, salah satunya adalah mata uang virtual. Mata uang virtual yang tengah marak penggunaannya adalah bitcoin. Telah ditegaskan dalam siaran pers Bank Indonesia No 16/6/Dkom bahwa bitcoin bukan merupakan alat pembayaran yang sah di Indonesia, serta beberapa peraturan lain yang menyatakan bahwa bitcoin bukan informasi elektronik baru dan subyek komoditi. Namun pada kenyataannya penggunaan bitcoin masih banyak di Indonesia karena tidak adanya regulasi yang jelas sehingga keberadaannya masih di pertanyakan. Menghadapi hal ini pemerintah diharapkan untuk dapat memberi jaminan, perlindungan, dan kepastian hukum penggunaan bitcoin melalui regulasi penggunaan mata uang virtual di Indonesia.Kata Kunci : Urgensi; Regulasi; Mata Uang Virtual (Bitcoin)
Blood Cell Counts and Blood Cell Ratios as Non-Specific Major Depressive Disorder Biomarkers
Authors: Krivosova M , Kusnir P , Kertys M , Mestanik M , Tonhajzerova I , Hrtanek I , Ondrejka I , Mokry J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction: With an increasing prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in population there is a particular interest in finding a suitable biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Many studies have shown that MDD is linked to a systemic inflammatory process, so blood elements counts and ratios have been suggested to be promising indicators in the management and effectiveness of the disease therapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare absolute and relative white blood cells counts and to search for any changes in their ratios before and after the therapy of the patients.

Methods: Our study included 36 patients who were admitted to hospital with either a new diagnosis or a recurrent episode of MDD and who were treated by a standard protocol. The peripheral blood samples were collected both at admission and at hospital discharge. Absolute white blood cell count and counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, as well as mean platelet volume, red blood cell distribution width, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio before and after hospitalization (14–29 days) were evaluated and compared. The test of normality was performed and, accordingly, single t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test was used for data analysis.

Results: There were no significant differences between any blood cell ratios in blood samples before and after stay in hospital and appropriate treatment. Monocyte count was significantly higher in MDD patients after hospital discharge (p=0.007), there was a significantly higher difference in discharged patients suffering from MDD recurrent episode (F.33) compared to newly diagnosed MDD (F.32) patients (p=0.010). In patients treated with venlafaxine (N=23) there was a significant increase in monocyte/lymphocyte ratio observed at the end of hospitalization (p=0.018).

Conclusions: The pharmacotherapy and additive treatment of the patients suffering from MDD led only to mild changes in blood cells counts. As our study included only a small number of patients, and blood cell parameters and ratios were compared after a relatively short duration of treatment, further and more detailed research is needed for final conclusions.
Impact of Whip Roller Parameters on Warp Dynamic Loads for 3D Fabrics Made on a Four-Comb Warp-Knitting Machine
Authors: Michalak Andrzej , Kuchar Maciej , Mikołajczyk Zbigniew 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe most advantageous geometry of the warp feeding system was determined from the viewpoint of compensating temporary changes in the warp length during the technological cycle of a four-comb warp-knitting machine. Dynamic simulations of the feeding system were carried out for 3 different lengths of the shift of the slider with a guide bar – designating variants (series) of the cross-sectional sizes of the 3D knitted fabrics. The courses of instantaneous warp tensions during the operating cycle of the warp-knitting machine were presented. Limit dynamic loads of the warp were determined and presented as a function of natural frequency of the whip roller. Based on the criterion of the smallest dynamic loads of the warp, the optimum natural frequencies of the whip roller were determined. In the analyzed range of the whip roller parameters, they are 3–6 times greater than the operation frequency of the warp-knitting machine.
Albanian Text Classification: Bag of Words Model and Word Analogies
Authors: Kadriu Arbana , Abazi Lejla , Abazi Hyrije 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background: Text classification is a very important task in information retrieval. Its objective is to classify new text documents in a set of predefined classes, using different supervised algorithms. Objectives: We focus on the text classification for Albanian news articles using two approaches. Methods/Approach: In the first approach, the words in a collection are considered as independent components, allocating to each of them a conforming vector in the vector’s space. Here we utilized nine classifiers from the scikit-learn package, training the classifiers with part of news articles (80%) and testing the accuracy with the remaining part of these articles. In the second approach, the text classification treats words based on their semantic and syntactic word similarities, supposing a word is formed by n-grams of characters. In this case, we have used the fastText, a hierarchical classifier, that considers local word order, as well as sub-word information. We have measured the accuracy for each classifier separately. We have also analyzed the training and testing time. Results: Our results show that the bag of words model does better than fastText when testing the classification process for not a large dataset of text. FastText shows better performance when classifying multi-label text. Conclusions: News articles can serve to create a benchmark for testing classification algorithms of Albanian texts. The best results are achieved with a bag of words model, with an accuracy of 94%.
Determining the Level of Accounting Conservatism through the Fuzzy Logic System
Authors: Čičak Josip , Vašiček Davor 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background: Using a variety of alternative accounting policies brings about different effects on the stated business results and the value of the company. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to develop a fuzzy logic solution for determining bias in financial reports on low-activity financial markets, and to find a method applicable to unquoted entities. Methods/Approach: A fuzzy logic system was developed using data on Croatian companies, the MatLab software, and the Mamdani fuzzy inference method. Results: The paper provides the summary of results obtained using a fuzzy logic system, and they indicate that the model has relevant validity. Conclusions: The model can serve as a stimulus for more detailed studies of biased financial statements elements. The fuzzy logic model should be further tested on a larger sample of companies classified based on their activity and under different business conditions.
Growth variability of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) natural forests: Dendroclimatic study from Krkonoše National Park
Authors: Šimůnek Václav , Vacek Zdeněk , Vacek Stanislav , Králíček Ivo , Vančura Karel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Long-term temporal development of beech stands in relation to climatic conditions is well documented by dendrochronological analyses. The study aims to identify and describe growth factors affecting natural European beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L.) on permanent research plots in the eastern Krkonoše Mountains, the Czech Republic. The paper focus on radial growth dynamics, frequency and cyclicity, and the effect of climatic factors on diameter increment of beech stands since 1850. The growth development of beech stands was significantly affected by air pollution load in 1977–1989, and increasingly frequent climate extremes in recent years (since 2010). Periodic increment events recurred in approximately 10–18 years’ periods. Stands on research plots responded differently to climatic factors, the main limiting factor being low temperatures during the growing season, frost damages and extreme droughts. The positive influence of temperatures on beech increments was recorded in winter, early spring, and especially in July and August of the current year. Conversely, precipitation in the previous year had higher impact on radial increment, with prevailing negative correlation. The plots were negatively affected by the decrease in sum of precipitation in February and March, but it was the temperature that influenced the beech increment most significantly. Dendrochronological analysis of close-to-nature beech stands provides valuable information on radial forest growth in response to changing climatic conditions.
Adaption of Norway spruce and European beech forests under climate change: from resistance to close-to-nature silviculture
Authors: Vacek Zdeněk , Vacek Stanislav , Slanař Jiří , Bílek Lukáš , Bulušek Daniel , Štefančík Igor , Králíček Ivo , Vančura Karel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In time of climate change, close-to-nature silviculture is growing in importance as a tool for future forest management. The paper study the tree layer and natural regeneration of monospecific Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), trough mixed spruce-beech to dominant European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in Jizerské hory Mts., the Czech Republic. In the locality, shelterwood and selection system have been applied since 2000. The research objectives were to evaluate production parameters, structural diversity, species richness, natural regeneration dynamics and radial growth of individual tree species in relation to climatic factors and air pollution. The stand volume on permanent research plots amounted to 441 – 731 m3 ha−1 in initial stage of transformation. Natural regeneration showed high expansion of beech and decrease of spruce compared to mature tree species composition. Radial growth of spruce was in significant negative correlation with SO2 and NOX concentrations compared to no effect on beech increment. Moreover, spruce was more sensitive to significant years with extreme low radial growth. Beech was more stable in radial growth. Spruce was more resistant to air pollution and climatic stress in mixed stands. Low temperature was limiting factor of radial growth together with climate extremes (such as strong frosts and more frequent droughts) and biotic factors (bark beetle, beech scale). Close-to-nature management supporting admixed tree species should lead in future to diversification of stand structure toward higher species, spatial and age structure to mitigate negative effect of climatic change.
Telegraph communication networks used by the Japanese pharmaceutical industry in 1901
Authors: Amijima Takashi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article examines how the communication network of the Japanese pharmaceutical industry operated around the turn of the century to create spatial interactions across the national medicine market during a period of intense industrialization.
In 1901, pharmaceutical wholesalers in Osaka compiled The Telegraph Codebook of Pharmacies in Japan to facilitate national trade in medicine, although its use was restricted to only the 177 pharmacies that joined the Pharmaceutical Telegraph Communication Alliance. This alliance had close ties with wholesalers in Osaka and comprised national-level qualified chemists. The use of this communication network by telegraph enabled the integration and progression of the Japanese pharmaceutical market in the early 20th century; however, pharmacies also began to build different and layered communication networks that corresponded to their respective business styles. Findings indicate that pharmacies used different communication networks of different spatial scales, thereby operating regional specialization and national integration networks simultaneously.
Population Densities and Community Structure of Birds Breeding in a Suburban Wooded Grassland in the Highveld of Lesotho
Authors: Kopij G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The mapping method was employed to study avian community structure in relation to rainfall in a town suburb in Highveld grassland in southern Africa. Studies were conducted in two breeding seasons: 1998, with dry spring; and 2001, with close to average spring rainfall. The total rainfall in 1998 was 1254 mm, while in 2001 it was 1445 mm, in both years much above the long-term annual average (866 mm). The avian community remained remarkably similar in both years, both in respect to the number of species (44 in 1998 and 53 in 2001), and dominance relationships. The Simpson’s Diversity Index was high and also very similar in 1998 and 2001 (D = 0.91; 0.93 respectively). In all years, dominant species included the Laughing Dove, Grey-headed Sparrow, Speckled Dove, Cape Turtle-Dove and Common Fiscal. The Southern Red Bishop in 2001 was also in the group of dominants. Significant differences were noted in the overall density of all birds, but contrary to expectation density was higher in 1998, with lower rainfall, than in 2001, with higher rainfall. The proportions of nesting and feeding guilds were similar in both years compared, except for the granivores, which were proportionally more common in 1998 than in 2001. This difference was mainly due to the Laughing Dove and Grey-headed Sparrow. Generally, it appears that the suburban avian community is more stable and more diverse than neighbouring communities in the natural habitats.
FUNDOS ABUTRES E O PREJUÍZO DA NEW LEX MERCATORIA AO ESTADO
Authors: Araújo Ribeiro Leonardo José de 
Published: May 2019

A Argentina sofreu uma forte queda em sua economia no final da década de 1990 que a levou a uma crise, vindo a declarar moratória no final do ano de 2001. Com isso, em 2002, foram emitidos títulos da dívida pública com um preço excessivamente desvalorizado ante o valor de face. Iniciou?se um período de forte crescimento econômico e, também, uma longa negociação para reestruturar a dívida pública. Com propostas em 2005 e 2010, o país obteve adesão de imensa maioria à sua proposta de reestruturação. Contudo, com base em cláusulas contratuais que exemplificam o instituto da New Lex Mercatoria, a minoria cobrou o valor integral em juízo, nos Estados Unidos da América, e obteve resultado favorável. Devido à relutância em entregar imensa parte de seu orçamento aos credores minoritários (fundos abutres), o país experimentou novamente curto período de retração econômica. Isso demonstra que a New Lex Mercatoria é prejudicial ao setor público.