bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonsurgical correction of drooping mouth corners using monophasic hyaluronic acid and incobotulinumtoxinA
Authors: Bae Gee Young , Na Jung‐Im , Park Kyoung‐Chan , Cho Sung Bin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundNonsurgical correction of drooping of the corners of the mouth requires a multimodal approach combining botulinum toxin and soft tissue filler injections.ObjectiveTo validate a nonsurgical therapeutic approach for correcting a “saddened” appearance characterized by drooping mouth corners, oral commissures, and/or marionette lines.MethodsIn this prospective, evaluator‐blinded study, monophasic hyaluronic acid (MHA) was infiltrated to correct drooping mouth corners in four steps, deep oral commissures in two steps, and/or deep marionette lines in two steps, in that order. Then, incobotulinumtoxinA was injected along the depressor anguli oris and mentalis muscles.ResultsThe total volumes of MHA used in steps 1‐4 were 0.2 mL (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.19‐0.3) for the right side of the face and 0.25 mL (IQR: 0.2‐0.3) for the left side; total volumes in steps 5‐8 were 0.18 mL (IQR: 0‐0.4) for the right side and 0.15 mL (IQR: 0‐0.33) for the left side. The total mean dose of incobotulinumtoxinA was 26.5 units (IQR: 24‐28). The median degrees of drooping of the mouth corners were −4° (IQR: −7° to −2°) at baseline, −1° (IQR: −3° to 1°) at post‐treatment 2 weeks, and −1° (IQR: −3° to 0°) at post‐treatment 3 months. Median Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores were 3 (IQR: 2‐3) at post‐treatment 2 weeks and 3 (IQR: 2‐3.75) at 3 months.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that nonsurgical treatment with MHA and incobotulinumtoxinA provides satisfactory therapeutic outcomes in patients with a saddened appearance by correcting drooping of the mouth corners, deep oral commissures, and/or deep marionette lines.
The“Newcastle Nomogram”—Statistical modelling predicts malignant transformation in potentially malignant disorders
Authors: Goodson Michaela L. , Smith Daniel R. , Thomson Peter J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundNomograms are graphical calculating devices used to predict risk of malignant transformation (MT) or response to treatment during cancer management. To date, a nomogram has not been used to predict clinical outcome during oral potentially malignant disorder (PMD) treatment. The aim of this study was to create a nomogram for use by clinicians to predict the probability of MT, thereby facilitating accurate assessment of risk and objective decision‐making during individual patient management.MethodsClinico‐pathological data from a previously treated cohort of 590 newly presenting PMD patients were reviewed and clinical outcomes categorized as disease free, persistent PMD or MT. Multiple logistic regression was used to predict the probability of MT in the cohort using age, gender, lesion type, site and incision biopsy histopathological diagnoses. Internal validation and calibration of the model was performed using the bootstrap method (n = 1000), and bias‐corrected indices of model performance were computed.ResultsPotentially malignant disorders were predominantly leukoplakias (79%), presenting most frequently at floor of mouth and lateral tongue sites (51%); 99 patients (17%) developed oral squamous cell carcinoma during the study period. The nomogram performed well when MT predictions were compared with patient outcome data, demonstrating good bias‐corrected discrimination and calibration (Dxy = 0.58; C = 0.790), with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity 63%, and a positive predictive value of 32% and negative predictive value 96%.ConclusionThe “Newcastle Nomogram” has been developed to predict the probability of MT in PMD, based on an internally validated statistical model. Based upon readily available and patient‐specific clinico‐pathological data, it provides clinicians with a pragmatic diagrammatic aid for clinical decision‐making during diagnosis and management of PMD.
An evaluation of cetuximab dosing strategies using pharmacokinetics and cost analysis
Authors: Ogungbenro Kayode , Patel Alkesh , Saunders Mark , Clark James , Duncombe Robert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Cetuximab dosing is based on body surface area (BSA), an approach that is associated with significant wastage due to available vial sizes. NHS England recently introduced an alternative strategy for cetuximab dosing based on dose banding. The aim of this work was to investigate approaches to cetuximab dosing to improve its cost-effectiveness.

Methods
A simulation study using a population pharmacokinetic model was used to assess the performance of dosing strategies using exposure, probability of target attainment and cost. Two dosage regimens (500 and 400/250 mg/m2) were investigated; 5% and 10% dose banding, fixed and optimised dosing strategies were evaluated and compared to BSA strategy.

Key findings
The percentage of the total cost associated with wastage for the 400/250 mg/m2 regimen were 8.75%, 5.13%, 3.61%, 9.2% and 0% for BSA; 5 and 10% bands; fixed and optimal strategies, respectively. Similar results were obtained for 500 mg/m2 regimen. In comparison with BSA strategy, other strategies have comparable or improved performance. Optimised strategy showed consistent performance and ensures equal exposure and probability of target attainment.

Conclusions
Cost-effectiveness of cetuximab treatment can be improved with alternative strategies by reducing wastage without compromising exposure.
Invasive species differ in key functional traits from native and non‐invasive alien plant species
Authors: Mathakutha Rabia , Steyn Christien , le Roux Peter C. , Blom Izak J. , Chown Steven L. , Daru Barnabas H. , Ripley Brad S. , Louw Anche , Greve Michelle 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionsInvasive species establish either by possessing traits, or trait trade‐offs similar to native species, suggesting pre‐adaptation to local conditions; or by having a different suite of traits and trait trade‐offs, which allow them to occupy unfilled niches. The trait differences between invasives and non‐invasives can inform on which traits confer invasibility. Here, we ask: (a) are invasive species functionally different or similar to native species? (b) which traits of invasives differ from traits of non‐invasive aliens and thus confer invasibility? and (c) do results from the sub‐Antarctic region, where this study was conducted, differ from findings from other regions?LocationSub‐Antarctic Marion Island.MethodsWe measured 13 traits of all terrestrial native, invasive and non‐invasive alien plant species. Using principal components analysis and phylogenetic generalized least‐squares models, we tested for differences in traits between invasive (widespread alien species) and native species. Bivariate trait relationships between invasive and native species were compared using standardized major axis regressions to test for differences in trait trade‐offs between the two groups. Second, using the same methods, we compared the traits of invasive species to non‐invasive aliens (alien species that have not spread).ResultsBetween invasive and native species, most traits differed, suggesting that the success of invasive species is mediated by being functionally different to native species. Additionally, most bivariate trait relationships differed either in terms of theiry‐intercept or their position on the axes, highlighting that plants are positioned differently along a spectrum of shared trait trade‐offs. Compared to non‐invasive aliens, invasive species had lower plant height, smaller leaf area, lower frost tolerance, and higher specific leaf area, suggesting that these traits are associated with invasiveness. The findings for the sub‐Antarctic corresponded to those of other regions, except lower plant height which provides a competitive advantage to invaders in the windy sub‐Antarctic context.ConclusionOur findings support the expectation that trait complexes of invasive species are predominantly different to those of coexisting native species, and that high resource acquisition and low defence investment are characteristic of invasive plant species.
The effects of oleoylethanolamide, an endogenous PPAR‐α agonist, on risk factors for NAFLD: A systematic review
Authors: Tutunchi Helda , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Saghafi‐Asl Maryam , Maleki Vahid 
Published: May 2019

SummaryNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Recently, some novel compounds have been investigated for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous PPAR‐α agonist, has exhibited a plethora of pharmacological properties for the treatment of obesity and other obesity‐associated metabolic complications. This systematic review was performed with a focus on the effects of OEA on the risk factors for NAFLD. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to December 2018 using relevant keywords. All articles written in English evaluating the effects of OEA on the risk factors for NAFLD were eligible for the review. The evidence reviewed in this article illustrates that OEA regulates multiple biological processes associated with NAFLD, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy homeostasis through different mechanisms. In summary, many beneficial effects of OEA have led to the understanding that OEA may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of NAFLD. Although a wide range of studies have demonstrated the most useful effects of OEA on NAFLD and the associated risk factors, further clinical trials, from both in vivo studies and in vitro experiments, are warranted to verify these outcomes.
Acute Shoshin beriberi syndrome immediately post–kidney transplant with rapid recovery after thiamine administration
Authors: Elias Isaac M. , Sinclair Graham , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPediatric kidney transplant surgery is usually well tolerated, despite suboptimal physical conditioning that may result from uremia and nutritional deficiencies that accompany end‐stage kidney failure. Nutritional supplementation is used to overcome such deficiencies, especially for children needing dialysis. Thiamine, a water‐soluble vitamin also known as vitamin B1, is a critical cofactor in energy metabolism and may be competitively inhibited by the antimetabolite oxythiamine, a uremic toxin that accumulates in kidney failure. We report a case of a thiamine deficiency syndrome leading to overwhelming cardiac dysfunction, metabolic instability, and hemodynamic compromise, after otherwise uneventful kidney transplant surgery. Prior to transplant, this 14‐year‐old boy was treated with peritoneal dialysis and received thiamine supplementation. Post‐transplant, the patient first developed hyperglycemia, then lactic acidosis, and subsequently hemodynamic instability despite escalating treatment with volume resuscitation and inotropic medication. He made a rapid and complete recovery after administration of IV thiamine. This is the first reported case of Shoshin beriberi syndrome in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient. Inadequate dialysis may have been a key factor, with toxin accumulation and thiamine transporter downregulation contributing to his status. Functional thiamine deficiency should be considered as a potential treatable cause of early post‐transplant hemodynamic instability.
Medical Applications of Rose Bengal‐ and Riboflavin‐Photosensitized Protein Crosslinking
Authors: Redmond Robert W. , Kochevar Irene E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis review summarizes research on many of the potential applications of photosensitized crosslinking of tissue proteins in surgery and current knowledge of the photochemical mechanisms underlying formation of the covalent protein–protein crosslinks involved. Initially developed to close wounds or reattach tissues, protein photocrosslinking has also been demonstrated to stiffen and strengthen tissues, decrease inflammatory responses and facilitate tissue bioengineering. These treatments appear to result largely from crosslinks within and between collagen molecules in tissue that typically form by an oxygen‐dependent mechanism. Surgical applications discussed include sealing wounds in skin, cornea and bowel; reattaching severed nerves, blood vessels and tendons; strengthening cornea and vein; reducing capsular contracture after breast implants; and regenerating joint cartilage.
What do I do now? Intolerance of uncertainty is associated with discrete patterns of anticipatory physiological responding to different contexts
Authors: Morriss Jayne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHeightened physiological responses to uncertainty are a common hallmark of anxiety disorders. Many separate studies have examined the relationship between individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and physiological responses to uncertainty during different contexts. Despite this, there is a scarcity of research examining the extent to which individual differences in IU are related to shared or discrete patterns of anticipatory physiological responding across different contexts. Anticipatory physiological responses to uncertainty were assessed in three different contexts (associative threat learning and extinction, threat uncertainty, decision‐making) within the same sample (n = 45). During these tasks, behavioral responses (i.e., reaction times, choices), skin conductance, and corrugator supercilli activity were recorded. In addition, self‐reported IU and trait anxiety were measured. IU was related to both skin conductance and corrugator supercilii activity for the associative threat learning and extinction context and decision‐making context. However, trait anxiety was related to corrugator supercilii activity during the threat uncertainty context. Ultimately, this research helps us to further tease apart the role of IU on different aspects of anticipation (i.e., valence and arousal) across contexts, which will be relevant for future IU‐related models of psychopathology.
Maximal heart rate assessment in recreational football players: A study involving a multiple testing approach
Authors: Póvoas Susana Cristina Araújo , Krustrup Peter , Pereira Rita , Vieira Silvia , Carneiro Ivone , Magalhães José , Castagna Carlo 
Published: May 2019

This study aimed at examining the suitability of a standard treadmill test (TT), popular intermittent field tests, and small‐sided football matches to induce maximal heart rate (HRmax) in recreational football players. Sixty‐six inactive untrained male subjects (age: 39.3 ± 5.8 years, VO2max: 41.2 ± 6.2 mL kg−1 min−1, body mass: 81.9 ± 10.8 kg, height: 173.2 ± 6.4 cm) were evaluated. On separate occasions, the players were randomly submitted to a progressive VO2max TT, to the Yo‐Yo intermittent endurance level 1 (YYIE1) and level 2 (YYIE2) tests, to the Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) test, and to 7v7 (43 × 27 m pitch, 83 m2/player) football matches (45 minutes; 2‐4 matches/player). To ensure data consistency, exercise HR was recorded using the same HR monitors in all the experimental conditions. A total of 73%, 24%, 18%, 17%, and 30% of the players achieved their HRmax during the YYIE1, YYIE2, YYIR1, TT, and the small‐sided football matches, respectively. The probability of achieving HRmax increased proportionally to test duration, with 7.8 minutes as the cutoff time. Variations in HRpeak of ±2 b min−1 should be regarded as of practical relevance. YYIE1 HRpeak provided the most accurate estimation of a subject's individual HRmax and much higher probability of reaching HRmax. Nevertheless, the results of this study suggest caution in considering a reference test for HRmax assessment in this population. The use of confirmation tests is still highly advisable when the test duration is shorter than 7.8 minutes. In this regard, field tests seem to be suitable and accurate for individual HRmax assessment in recreational football players.
Here's Looking at You: Public‐ Versus Elite‐Driven Models of Presidential Primary Elections
Authors: Swearingen Colin Douglas , Stiles Elizabeth , Finneran Kate 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThis study advances the presidential primary literature in two ways. First, since many studies in this literature advocate for more detailed theoretical development, we incorporate an interdisciplinary approach by utilizing social contagion theory from the field of sociology. Second, presidential primaries do not adequately explore what role the public plays during the invisible primary. We thus incorporate Google Trends data into presidential primary models to account for the relative amount of public attention for each presidential primary candidate.MethodsWe use fixed effects regression to determine the impact of public attention on a candidate's share of the contested primary vote (CPV).ResultsWe find that increased public attention leads to higher levels of support for a candidate in the Iowa caucuses, New Hampshire primary, and CPV.ConclusionThese findings illustrate the extra‐voting role the public plays in presidential primary elections and helps us further distinguish how party elites, voters, and candidates uniquely determine the selection of our executive.
The MYB5‐driven MBW complex recruits a WRKY factor to enhance the expression of targets involved in vacuolar hyper‐acidification and trafficking in grapevine
Authors: Amato Alessandra , Cavallini Erika , Walker Amanda R. , Pezzotti Mario , Bliek Mattijs , Quattrocchio Francesca , Koes Ronald , Ruperti Benedetto , Bertini Edoardo , Zenoni Sara , Tornielli Giovanni B. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe accumulation of secondary metabolites and the regulation of tissue acidity contribute to the important traits of grape berry and influence plant performance in response to abiotic and biotic factors. In several plant species a highly conserved MYB–bHLH–WD (MBW) transcriptional regulatory complex controls flavonoid pigment synthesis and transport, and vacuolar acidification in epidermal cells. An additional component, represented by a WRKY‐type transcription factor, physically interacts with the complex increasing the expression of some target genes and adding specificity for other targets. Here we investigated the function of MBW(W) complexes involving two MYBs (VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b) and the WRKY factor VvWRKY26 in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Using transgenic grapevine plants we showed that these complexes affected different aspects of morphology, plant development, pH regulation, and pigment accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis identified a core set of putative target genes controlled by VvMYB5a, VvMYB5b, and VvWRKY26 in different tissues. Our data indicated that VvWRKY26 enhances the expression of selected target genes induced by VvMYB5a/b. Among these targets are genes involved in vacuolar hyper‐acidification, such as the P‐type ATPases VvPH5 and VvPH1, and trafficking, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. In addition, VvWRKY26 is recruited specifically by VvMYB5a, reflecting the functional diversification of VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b. The expression of MBWW complexes in vegetative organs, such as leaves, indicates a possible function of vacuolar hyper‐acidification in the repulsion of herbivores and/or in developmental processes, as shown by defects in transgenic grape plants where the complex is inactivated.
Elevated maternal linoleic acid reduces circulating leptin concentrations, cholesterol levels and male fetal survival in a rat model
Authors: Shrestha Nirajan , Cuffe James S. M. , Holland Olivia J. , Bulmer Andrew C. , Hill Melissa , Perkins Anthony V. , Muhlhausler Beverly S. , McAinch Andrew J , Hryciw Deanne H. 
Published: May 2019

Key points
Linoleic acid consumption is increasing in Western populations.
We investigated whether elevated linoleic acid in pregnancy was deleterious to mothers or offspring.
Maternal and fetal body and organ weights were not affected by elevated linoleic acid consumption.
Maternal lipids and leptin were altered following elevated linoleic acid consumption.
Male offspring numbers were reduced following elevated linoleic acid consumption.
AbstractDietary intakes of linoleic acid (LA) have increased dramatically in Western populations, including in women of reproductive age. Pro‐inflammatory effects of LA may have detrimental effects on maternal and offspring outcomes. We aimed to investigate whether consumption of a maternal diet with elevated LA altered maternal inflammatory or metabolic markers during pregnancy, fetal growth and/or the sex ratio of the offspring. Female Wistar Kyoto rats consumed a diet high in LA (HLA) (6.21% of energy) or a diet low in LA (LLA) (1.44% of energy) for 10 weeks prior to mating and during pregnancy. Pregnant rats were killed at embryonic day 20 (E20). There were no differences in maternal or fetal body weights or organ weights in the HLA group compared to the LLA group. There was no difference in maternal circulating cytokine concentrations between dietary groups. In the maternal liver, IL‐1α concentrations were significantly lower, and TNF‐α and IL‐7 significantly higher in the HLA group. Total plasma cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and the total:HDL cholesterol ratio were lower in dams fed the HLA diet. mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF‐1) and leptin in maternal adipose tissue was lower in the HLA group, as were circulating leptin concentrations. The proportion of male fetuses was lower and circulating prostaglandin E metabolite concentrations were increased in the HLA group. In conclusion, consumption of a maternal diet high in linoleic acid alters cholesterol metabolism and prostaglandin E metabolite concentrations, which may contribute to the reduced proportion of male offspring.