bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation of routine hematological indices with pterygium
Authors: Kurtul Bengi Ece , Kabatas Emrah Utku , Ozates Serdar 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Increased systemic/local inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of pterygium, but there is limited information regarding routine hematological indices’ levels in patients with pterygium. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the levels of complete blood count parameters in patients with pterygium. Material and Method: In all, 61 patients with pterygium (pterygium group; mean age = 51.4 ± 13.8 years) and 55 healthy individuals (control group; mean age = 50.2 ± 13.1 years) were included in the study. Participants were given routine ophthalmic examinations; complete blood count parameters were assayed. Results: Compared to the control group, red cell distribution width level was significantly higher in patients with pterygium ( p = 0.009), but the difference between the groups in terms of the other complete blood count parameters was not statistically significant. However, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly lower in the pterygium group than control group ( p = 0.015). In the pterygium group, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower, but this difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.079). Conclusion: Red cell distribution width levels were significantly increased in patients with pterygium. Our data support the idea that inflammation cytokines and oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Anti-inflammatory effect of naringin and sericin combination on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) from patient with psoriasis
Authors: Deenonpoe Raksawan , Prayong Pokpong , Thippamom Nattakarn , Meephansan Jitlada , Na-Bangchang Kesara 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Several immunological pathways, particularly skin inflammation via various pro-inflammatory cytokines have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of psoriasis. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential role of naringin from Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr and sericin from Bombyx mori combination in the treatment of psoriasis. Inhibitory effects on the expression of mRNA and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-12p40) were investigated.

Methods
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were isolated from 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with psoriasis. The hPBMCs from each group were exposed to naringin or sericin alone, and the combination of naringin and sericin. The expression levels of mRNA and the production of all cytokines were determined using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively.

Results
Naringin/sericin combination significantly decreased the expression of mRNA and the production of all pro-inflammatory cytokines in hPBMCs from patients with psoriasis. The potency of inhibitory activity was markedly higher than naringin or sericin alone.

Conclusion
The activity of naringin/sericin combination on down-regulation of these pro-inflammatory cytokines suggested its potential clinical use in psoriasis as well as other inflammation-associated diseases. The combination might be used as a complementary therapy with conventional treatment in psoriasis to improve clinical efficacy and tolerability.
Using Kirkpatrick’s model to measure the effect of a new teaching and learning methods workshop for health care staff
Authors: Heydari Mohammad Reza , Taghva Fatemeh , Amini Mitra , Delavari Somayeh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objectives
This study is designed to evaluate the effect of a workshop about new teaching and learning methods on the response, knowledge, and behavior of healthcare staff working a large city healthcare center.

Results
Kirkpatrick’s program evaluation model showed that the workshop on new teaching and learning methods significantly improved the healthcare staff’s satisfaction about the teaching environment of workshops, their knowledge about new teaching and learning methods and their behavior in performing workshops for teaching people. It is recommended that this teaching and learning methods workshop should be considered in educational programs for healthcare staff.
Trial registration Trial registration number: IRCT20180619040150N1 approved by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at 2018-07-27
Medicines reconciliation at the community mental health team–general practice interface: quality improvement study
Authors: Johnson Chris F. , Liddell Karen , Guerri Claudio , Findlay Paul , Thom Alex 
Published: July 2019

Aims and methodTo increase the proportion of patients with no psychotropic drug discrepancies at the community mental health team (CMHT)–general practice interface. Three CMHTs participated. Over a 14 month period, quality improvement methodologies were used: individual patient-level feedback to patient's prescribers, run charts and meetings with CMHTs.ResultsOne CMHT improved medicines reconciliation accuracy and demonstrated significant reductions in prescribing discrepancies. One in three (119/356) patients had ≥1 discrepancy involving 20% (166/847) of all prescribed psychotropics. Discrepancies were graded as: ‘fatal’ (0%), ‘serious’ (17%) and ‘negligible/minor harm’ (83%) but were associated with extra avoidable prescribing costs. For medicines routinely supplied by secondary care, 68% were not recorded in general practice electronic prescribing systems.Clinical implicationsImprovements in medicines reconciliation accuracy were achieved for one CMHT. This may have been partly owing to a multidisciplinary team approach to sharing and addressing prescribing discrepancies. Improving prescribing accuracy may help to reduce avoidable drug-related harms to patients.
Glucocorticoid Replacement Affects Serum Adiponectin Levels and HDL-C in Patients With Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Hayashi Reiko , Tamada Daisuke , Murata Masahiko , Kitamura Tetsuhiro , Mukai Kosuke , Maeda Norikazu , Otsuki Michio , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContextLow serum adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency are at higher risk of cardiovascular complications compared with healthy subjects. However, there is no information on the relationship between adiponectin and glucocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI).ObjectiveTo determine the effects of intrinsic adrenal function and glucocorticoid replacement therapy on serum adiponectin levels and lipid profile in patients with SAI.DesignPart 1: a cross-sectional study. Part 2: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.SettingOsaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.PatientsPart 1: 58 patients diagnosed with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma who underwent insulin tolerance test (ITT) for assessment of adrenal function. Part 2: 12 SAI patients randomly received hydrocortisone replacement therapy at a dose of 10, 20, or 30 mg/d for 4 weeks per term for three terms.Outcome MeasurementsPart 1: we analyzed the relationship between serum cortisol levels during ITT and serum adiponectin levels and the lipid profile. Part 2: serum adiponectin levels and lipid profile were measured every 4 weeks.ResultsSerum levels of adiponectin and HDL-C correlated significantly with peak cortisol levels after ITT. Serum adiponectin and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in patients with SAI than non-SAI. Serum levels of adiponectin and HDL-C increased in a hydrocortisone dose-dependent manner.ConclusionsGlucocorticoid replacement therapy increased serum levels of adiponectin, an adipose-derived anti-atherogenic factor, and HDL-C in patients with SAI.
Longitudinal Phenotypes of Type 1 Diabetes in Youth Based on Weight and Glycemia and Their Association With Complications
Authors: Kahkoska Anna R , Nguyen Crystal T , Adair Linda A , Aiello Allison E , Burger Kyle S , Buse John B , Dabelea Dana , Dolan Lawrence M , Malik Faisal S , Mottl Amy K , Pihoker Catherine , Reboussin Beth A , Sauder Katherine A , Kosorok Michael R , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContextSubclinical and clinical complications emerge early in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may be associated with obesity and hyperglycemia.ObjectiveTest how longitudinal “weight-glycemia” phenotypes increase susceptibility to different patterns of early/subclinical complications among youth with T1D.DesignSEARCH for Diabetes in Youth observational study.SettingPopulation-based cohort.ParticipantsYouth with T1D (n = 570) diagnosed 2002 to 2006 or 2008.Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants were clustered based on longitudinal body mass index z score and HbA1c from a baseline visit and 5+ year follow-up visit (mean diabetes duration: 1.4 ± 0.4 years and 8.2 ± 1.9 years, respectively). Logistic regression modeling tested cluster associations with seven early/subclinical diabetes complications at follow-up, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and duration.ResultsFour longitudinal weight-glycemia clusters were identified: The Referent Cluster (n = 195, 34.3%), the Hyperglycemia Only Cluster (n = 53, 9.3%), the Elevated Weight Only Cluster (n = 206, 36.1%), and the Elevated Weight With Increasing Hyperglycemia (EWH) Cluster (n = 115, 20.2%). Compared with the Referent Cluster, the Hyperglycemia Only Cluster had elevated odds of dyslipidemia [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.22, 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.29], retinopathy (aOR 9.98, 95% CI: 2.49 to 40.0), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (aOR 4.16, 95% CI: 1.37 to 12.62). The EWH Cluster had elevated odds of hypertension (aOR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.19 to 4.00), dyslipidemia (aOR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.41 to 3.95), arterial stiffness (aOR 2.46, 95% CI: 1.09 to 5.53), retinopathy (aOR 5.11, 95% CI: 1.34 to 19.46), and DKD (aOR 3.43, 95% CI: 1.29 to 9.11).ConclusionsWeight-glycemia phenotypes show different patterns of complications, particularly markers of subclinical macrovascular disease, even in the first decade of T1D.
What Remains of Mountains and Waters: Fragments, Mutilation, and Creation in Early Qing Literature and Culture
Authors: Zhao Yingzhi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article examines the discourse and representation of canshan shengshui (devastated landscape) in early Qing literature and culture through a focused interpretation of the works of Ming loyalists Zhang Dai (1597–1684) and Wang Fuzhi (1619–92). Connecting aesthetics with ethics, these authors symbolically translate the devastated landscape (aesthetically objectified) into ethical sites, namely, the mutilated body and the shattered psyche. They push beyond the orthodox discourse of canshan shengshui, which seeks to supplement the natural landscape with artistic representation and thereby re-create nature. Zhang and Wang stand as outliers of this tradition as they explore the nuances of creation through destruction—their symbiosis, the dark forces behind creation, and destruction beyond redemption. Their insights liberate the aesthetics of the devastated landscape from the immediate political context, evoke social and intellectual trends predating the dynasty's demise, and infuse new and lasting life into the writings of the loyalists.
Nostalgic Fragments in the Thick of Things: Yuan Kewen (1890–1931) and the Act of Remembering
Authors: Wu Shengqing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article delves into the nexus of nostalgia, memory, and visuality by examining the images, objects, and events surrounding Yuan Kewen's remembrances of his father, Yuan Shikai, and their family estate in Huanshang. It also considers Zhang Boju's remembrance of his interactions with Yuan Kewen as another layer of historical memory. Phenomenological analysis of the act of remembering, especially in the work of Edward Casey, will be shown to yield rich insights when applied to China's early twentieth-century Republican culture. Surviving fragments—poems, anecdotes, photographs, and paintings—replete with sensuous and affective images of the past become the loci of memory in which these historical figures lived. Lamentation and reminiscence are also conducted through performance of historical dramas whose gestures of mourning and remembrance allowed Yuan to cultivate feelings of perpetual nostalgia through personal artistic expressions. The act of remembering became symptomatic for Yuan, Zhang, and to a large extent the entire generation of literati who experienced drastic social-political changes in the twentieth century.
A testing cascade to identify repurposed insecticides for next-generation vector control tools: screening a panel of chemistries with novel modes of action against a malaria vector
Authors: Lees Rosemary , Praulins Giorgio , Davies Rachel , Brown Faye , Parsons George , White Anthony , Ranson Hilary , Small Graham , Malone David 
Published: July 2019

Background: With insecticide resistance in malaria vectors spreading in geographical range and intensity, there is a need for compounds with novel modes of action to maintain the successes achieved to date by long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays, used as part of an insecticide resistance management strategy. Screening existing registered pesticides, predominantly those developed for use in agriculture, may provide a more rapid and less logistically challenging route to identifying active ingredients of value to public health than screening and chemical synthesis programmes for novel compounds. Methods: Insecticides and acaricides from all IRAC classes, including those with unclassified modes of action, were assessed for inclusion in a laboratory bioassay testing cascade against adult female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. A longlist of representative candidate compounds was selected, excluding those with safety concerns, unsuitable physiochemical properties, and likely hurdles to registration for public health use. An initial screen using topical application eliminated compounds with insufficient intrinsic activity, and a tarsal contact assay identified those with activity at an appropriate concentration. Compounds of interest were ranked by relative potency using dose response assays and discriminating dose calculations. Results: Inclusion of an adjuvant enhanced the tarsal efficacy of several compounds, facilitating the promotion of chemistries with great potential, given suitable formulation, which would not progress based on activity of compound alone. Comparison of data between stages in the testing cascade suggest that a more streamlined approach, topical application to test for intrinsic activity and determining the discriminating dose to compare relative potency of compounds, may be sufficient to identify compounds with potential value for use in long lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spray products. Conclusions: Identified were 11 compounds of interest as vector control agents (in descending order of potency): clothianidin, spinetoram, metaflumizone, dinotefuran, indoxacarb, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, oxazosulfyl, triflumezopyrim, fenpyroximate, and tolfenpyrad.
Does the usual dietary intake of patients with depression require vitamin-mineral supplementation?
Authors: Stefańska Ewa , Wendołowicz Agnieszka , Kowzan Urszula , Konarzewska Beata , Szulc Agata , Ostrowska Lucyna 
Published: July 2019

CelBadania sposobu żywienia przeprowadzane wśród pacjentów z depresją wskazują, iż ich sposób żywienia często odbiega od racjonalnego, przyczyniając się tym samym do niezgodnej z zaleceniami podaży składników odżywczych, zwłaszcza witamin i składników mineralnych, których niedobór wpływa na nieprawidłowe funkcjonowaniu układu nerwowego.Celem pracy była ocena zawartości wybranych witamin i składników mineralnych w całodziennych racjach pokarmowych pacjentów chorujących na zaburzenia depresyjne nawracające.MetodaBadaniami objęto grupę 69 osób (54 kobiety i 15 mężczyzn w wieku 18-65 lat, średni wiek kobiet wynosił 45,7±12,2 lat, a mężczyzn 46,0±12,2 lat) leczonych z powodu zaburzeń depresyjnych nawracających. Do zebrania danych dotyczących sposobu żywienia wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety opracowany w Zakładzie Dietetyki i Żywienia Klinicznego UMB. W ocenie ilościowej sposobu żywienia wykorzystano wywiad 24-godzinny zebrany z 3 dni powszednich i 1 dnia weekendowego.WynikiW przeprowadzonych badaniach wykazano niezgodną z zaleceniami podaż większości ocenianych składników odżywczych.WnioskiWyniki badań wskazują, iż konieczność stosowania suplementacji diety preparatami witaminowo-mineralnymi powinna być rozpatrywana indywidualnie. W momencie poprawy stanu klinicznego badanym pacjentom wskazana by była edukacja żywieniowa związana z właściwym doborem grup produktów w celu zapewnienia optymalnej podaży witamin i składników mineralnych.
Children sexual abuse in Poland – study of 257 sexual offenders against minors
Authors: Heitzman Janusz , Lew-Starowicz Michał , Pacholski Marek , Lew-Starowicz Zbigniew 
Published: July 2019

CelWprowadzenie: Uzyskanie obiektywnych danych na temat przestępców seksualnych wobec dzieci jest trudne. W celu zwiększenia możliwości zapobiegania takim przestępstwom, konieczne jest określenie czynników warunkujących tego typu zachowania seksualne.
Cel: Przygotowanie wszechstronnej analizy profilu sprawców przestępstw seksualnych wobec małoletnich.MetodaPrzeprowadzono analizę dokumentacji z seksuologicznych, psychiatrycznych i psychologicznych badań sądowych oraz zapisów z rozpraw 257 sprawców. Uzyskane informacje obejmowały dane demograficzne, podłoże psychospołeczne, rozwój psychoseksualny, niedawną aktywność seksualną, problemy zdrowia fizycznego i psychicznego oraz dane dotyczące zarzucanego przestępstwa seksualnego.Wyniki: Większość sprawców miała niezakłócone relacje rodzinne. Badani z zaburzeniami preferencji seksualnych postrzegali związki swoich rodziców jako gorsze, częściej zgłaszali trudności w nauce i w relacjach z nauczycielami i rówieśnikami. 5,4% badanych było w dzieciństwie wykorzystywanych seksualnie, a 23,3% padło ofiarą przemocy fizycznej. Większość sprawców negowało dysfunkcje seksualne i miało regularną, choć rzadką aktywność seksualną. U 20,6% zdiagnozowano zaburzenia psychiczne, a 36,8% nadużywało alkoholu. Prawie 30% badanych popełniło przestępstwo pod wpływem alkoholu lub innych substancji. Większość sprawców nie ujawniało zaburzeń preferencji seksualnych. Pedofilię rozpoznano w 27% przypadków, a niedojrzałość psychoseksualną w 23,1% przypadków. Nie stwierdzono żadnego związku między zaburzeniami preferencji seksualnych a współzapadalnością psychiatryczną, nadużywaniem alkoholu lub innych substancji psychoaktywnych. Nadużycia seksualne obejmowały dotykanie narządów płciowych, stosunek pochwowy lub oralny i obnażanie ciała swojego lub ofiary. Były popełniane najczęściej wobec jednego dziecka, zaplanowane, z użyciem przemocy, przy pełnej świadomości wieku ofiary.WnioskiUzyskane dane poszerzają dotychczasową wiedzę na temat sprawców przestępstw seksualnych wobec małoletnich i powinny być brane pod uwagę przy planowaniu oddziaływań terapeutycznych oraz prewencyjnych.
How to design and set up a clinical trial part 1: the research question
Authors: Atwal Amarpreet , Benson Philip E 
Published: July 2019

Data from clinical trials involving human participants are essential in establishing an evidence base about the safety and effectiveness of our treatments. This first article describes the steps involved in designing and setting up a clinical trial, from establishing the research question(s) to searching the literature. Acquiring some knowledge about how to set up a clinical trial will allow the conscientious clinician to use the most relevant information to provide the highest possible standards of clinical care for his/her patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Even if a clinician is not, has never been, nor is ever planning to be involved in research, he/she should understand and be able to interpret the data from clinical trials.
Synovial fluid cell counts and its role in the diagnosis of paediatric septic arthritis
Authors: Obana K. K. , Murgai R. R. , Schur M. , Broom A. M. , Hsu A. , Kay R. M. , Pace J. L. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose Clinical presentation of paediatric septic arthritis (SA) can be similar to other joint pathologies. Despite potential for infection in all major joints, most diagnostic criteria are based on values from the hip. This study identifies the best joint aspirate values in diagnosing SA in all joints. Methods In all, 166 patients who underwent 172 joint aspirations at the authors’ institution between 01 September 2004 and 01 September 2014 were retrospectively identified. Recorded measures included age, sex, duration of symptoms, fever history, weight-bearing status, aspiration results, serum results and antibiotic administration. Patients were placed in the following four categories: ‘culture confirmed SA’ (C-SA), ‘suspected SA’ (S-SA), ‘Other’ and ‘Other-rheumatologic’ (Other-R), a subcategory of ‘Other’. Results Most common sites of aspiration were the knee (55%) and hip (29%). Diagnostic grouping was as follows: C-SA = 44, S-SA = 45, Other = 83 (Other-R = 21). Fever and non-weight-bearing prior to admission were useful predictors of SA, though in C-SA patients, 21% did not have a fever and 23% could weight bear at the time of admission. Aspirate white blood cell (WBC) count was significantly greater in both C-SA (92 000 cells/hpf) and S-SA (54 000) than in Other (10 000) and Other-R (18 000) patients. The percentage of polymorphonuclear (%PMN) was also significantly greater in C-SA (81.1%) and S-SA (80.9%) than in Other (57.9%) and Other-R (63.3%). Conclusion Joint aspirate values, especially %PMN, are valuable in diagnosing SA. Additionally, antibiotics pre-aspiration did not affect %PMN, facilitating subsequent diagnosis of infection. Lastly, while aspirate WBC count was a valuable indicator of SA, this finding is not as definitive as previous research suggests. Level of Evidence IV Case Series
Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the 2000s: A New Century Ushers in Deeper Water, Unconventionals, and More Gas
Authors: Stark Philip (Pete) , Smith Leta K. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Estimated recoverable oil and gas from giant field discoveries from 2000 through 2009 was 383 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BBOE)—a 92% increase from the prior decade and the largest addition from giant fields since the 1970s. This dramatic increase in giant field resources was driven by the emergence of shale gas and tight oil discoveries in North America. These so-called unconventional or continuous resource plays added almost 177 BBOE of new resources—mostly from super-giant plays like the Marcellus, Bakken-Three Forks, Eagle Ford, and Montney formations. In harmony with recent trends, giant natural gas discovery volumes greatly exceeded those of oil and contributed about 260 BBOE (1558 trillion cubic feet) of new resources. Traditional conventional giant discoveries added 198 BBOE of new resource—slightly less than in the prior decade and almost 55% of the total. Super-giant fields such as Galyknysh (Yoloten) with 67 BBOE gas and condensate in Turkmenistan, Kashagan in Kazakhstan; Lula in Brazil; and Kish 2 in Iran accounted for almost 60% of the giant conventional resources. The share of deepwater discoveries increased and contributed 23% of the conventional giant field volumes. The Santos Basin mega presalt and the Levantine Basin were the most important deepwater play openers.