bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Cross-Correlation with Pattern Recognition Entropy to Obtain Reduced Total Ion Current Chromatograms from Raw Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Data
Authors: Chatterjee Shiladitya , Chapman Sean C , Lunt Barry M , Linford Matthew R 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Total ion current chromatograms (TICCs) generated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are prone to noise from chemical and electronic sources. This noise can severely impact the detection of analytes in a mixture. Recently, we introduced a new variable selection tool based on Pattern Recognition Entropy (PRE) that selects good quality (high signal-to-noise ratio) mass chromatograms from an LC-MS dataset and thereby creates a reduced TICC with low noise and a flat background (J. Chrom. A.2018, 1558, 21–28). PRE, which is based on Shannon’s entropy, was shown to be a straightforward and powerful shape recognition tool for this problem. However, while the chromatographic signals in the reduced TICC from PRE were well resolved, some noise remained in the TICC, which suggested that the algorithm had selected some false positives, i.e., poor quality mass chromatograms. In this paper, we report an improved version of the PRE algorithm that utilizes a second variable selection filter based on cross-correlation (CC). As a check on the ability of PRE and CC to select high quality mass chromatograms, every mass chromatogram in our data set (1451 in total) was individually inspected and rated as either high quality (green), intermediate quality (yellow), or poor quality (red). A color-coded plot of the CC value vs. the PRE value for the mass chromatograms was created, which shows that, as expected, the higher quality mass chromatograms are localized in its upper left quadrant, which corresponds to lower PRE values and higher CC values. In our original paper on this topic, we recommended a threshold of 0.5 σ for PRE, which caused the algorithm to select 151 mass chromatograms out of 1451. Of these, 98 were of high quality, 6 were of intermediate quality, and 47 were of poor quality. Using a second threshold for CC, the algorithm retains all the high and intermediate quality mass chromatograms, while removing all 47 of the poor quality ones. The resulting TICC from the PRE-CC algorithm shows less noise compared to the TICC generated from the PRE approach alone. The PRE-CC algorithm is arguably a faster, simpler and more intuitive approach as compared to the widely used CODA_DW algorithm.
Modeling of Energy Release at the Final Stage of the Meteoroid Movement
Authors: Egorova Lidia A. , Lokhin Valery V. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper continues to build upon the author’s previous research on fireballs fragmentation. A model of the sudden explosive destruction of the cosmic body at the height of the maximum flash is used. After the fragmentation, the kinetic energy of the moving particles of a meteoroid passes into the thermal energy of the gas volume inwhich their motion takes place. The temperature of a gas cloud calculated analytically using energy conservation lawand equations of physical theory of meteors. The mass distribution of fragments was taken from the literature. The high temperature of the gas in a cloud allows us to talk about the phenomenon of a "thermal explosion".
20 Years of Near-Earth Astronomy. Research Into Small Bodies of the Solar System and Space Debris. How Did it all Begin
Authors: Rykhlova Lidiya , Bakanas Elena 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper we retrace the course of near-Earth astronomy from its beginnings.We emphasize the problem of space debris, which has arisen somewhat unexpectedly, and only keeps on growing and growing.We also cast a glance over the conferences, held by our Institute biennially.
Manipulating Meaning: Language and Ideology in the Commodification of Online Sociality
Authors: Harju Anu A. , Lillqvist Ella 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Marxist Internet scholars have recently shed light on the commodification and exploitation of social media users. While some of these studies have also acknowledged the ideological nature of how online sociality is understood and discussed, they have not yet addressed in great detail the ways in which ideology figures in the process of commodification of social media users. We address this question by combining Marxist ideology theory with insights from cognitive pragmatics. Focusing on the idea of illusion, we draw on Relevance Theory and employ the notions of “relevance” and “cognitive illusion” to discuss the ideological process we call context manipulation, a concept that helps bring to focus the discursive obscuring of the capitalist operational logic of social media corporations. We illustrate our cognitivepragmatic model of ideology with examples of Facebook’s discursive practices. The paper contributes to the discussion on ideology in cultural studies and the discussion on commodification of online sociality in critical Internet and media studies by offering a revised interpretation of Marx’s ideology theory that highlights the discursive and cognitive nature of ideological processes, and by elaborating on the workings of ideology in the specific context of corporate social media.
Driving While Stoned: Issues and Policy Options
Authors: Kleiman Mark A.R. , Jones Tyler , Miller Celeste J. , Halperin Ross 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
THC is the most commonly detected intoxicant in US drivers, with approximately 13 % of drivers testing positive for marijuana use, compared to the 8 % that show a measurable amount of alcohol . Because cannabis use remains detectable for much longer than alcohol, and also for long after the driver is no longer impaired, the difference in rates does not show that stoned driving is more common than drunk driving. Nonetheless, cannabis intoxication while driving is on the rise and has been shown to impair reaction time and visual-spatial judgment. Many states, including those where cannabis sales are now permitted by state law, have laws against cannabis-impaired driving based on the drunk-driving model, defining criminally intoxicated driving as driving with more than a threshold amount of intoxicant in one’s bloodstream—a per se standard—as opposed to actual impairment. That approach neglects crucial differences between alcohol and cannabis in their detectability, their pharmacokinetics, and their impact on highway safety. Cannabis intoxication is more difficult to reliably detect chemically than alcohol intoxication. A breath alcohol test is (1) cheap and reliable; (2) sufficiently simple and non-invasive to administer at the roadside; and (3) a good proxy for alcohol in the brain, which in turn is (4) a good proxy for subjective intoxication and for measurable driving impairment. In addition, (5) the dose-effect curve linking blood alcohol to fatality risk is well-established and steep. None of those things is true for cannabis. A breath test remains to be developed. Oral-fluid testing can demonstrate recent use but not the level of impairment. A blood test requires a trained phlebotomist and therefore a trip to a medical facility, and blood THC levels drop very sharply over time-periods measured in minutes. Blood THC is not a good proxy either for recency of use or for impairment, and the dose-effect curve for fatality risk remains a matter of sharp controversy. The maximum risk for cannabis intoxication alone, unmixed with alcohol or other drugs, appears to be more comparable to risks such as talking on a hands-free cellphone (legal in all states) than to driving with a BAC above 0.08, let alone the rapidly-rising risks at higher BACs. Moreover, the lipid-solubility of THC means that a frequent cannabis user will always have measurable THC in his or her blood, even when that person has not used recently and is neither subjectively intoxicated nor objectively impaired. That suggests criminalizing only combination use, while treating driving under the influence of cannabis (however this is to be proven) as a traffic offense, like speeding.
New topology in residuated lattices
Authors: Holdon L.C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, by using the notion of upsets in residuated lattices and defining the operator Da
(X), for an upset X of a residuated lattice L we construct a new topology denoted by τ
a
and (L, τ
a
) becomes a topological space. We obtain some of the topological aspects of these structures such as connectivity and compactness. We study the properties of upsets in residuated lattices and we establish the relationship between them and filters. O. Zahiri and R. A. Borzooei studied upsets in the case of BL-algebras, their results become particular cases of our theory, many of them work in residuated lattices and for that we offer complete proofs. Moreover, we investigate some properties of the quotient topology on residuated lattices and some classes of semitopological residuated lattices. We give the relationship between two types of quotient topologies τ
a/F
and

τ

a

−

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\mathop {{\tau _a}}\limits^ -
\end{array}$

. Finally, we study the uniform topology

τ

Λ

¯

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
{\tau _{\bar \Lambda }}
\end{array}$

and we obtain some conditions under which

(
L
/
J
,

τ

Λ

¯

)

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
(L/J,{\tau _{\bar \Lambda }})
\end{array}$

is a Hausdorff space, a discrete space or a regular space ralative to the uniform topology. We discuss briefly the applications of our results on classes of residuated lattices such as divisible residuated lattices, MV-algebras and involutive residuated lattices and we find that any of this subclasses of residuated lattices with respect to these topologies form semitopological algebras.
Optimality and duality in set-valued optimization utilizing limit sets
Authors: Kong Xiangyu , Zhang Yinfeng , Yu GuoLin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with optimality conditions and duality theory for vector optimization involving non-convex set-valued maps. Firstly, under the assumption of nearly cone-subconvexlike property for set-valued maps, the necessary and sufficient optimality conditions in terms of limit sets are derived for local weak minimizers of a set-valued constraint optimization problem. Then, applications to Mond-Weir type and Wolfe type dual problems are presented.
Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility derivated in vitro
Authors: Xu Jia , Pang Long , Ma Xiao Xue , Hu Jian , Tian Yuan , Yang Ya Li , Sun Dan Dan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Vancomycin has been the primary agent used to treat serious Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection for many years. However, the rise of MRSA infection rates and the extensive use of vancomycin have led to the emergence of reduced vancomycin susceptibility. Therefore, four typical Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains from different clinical specimens were derivated by vancomycin in vitro to better clarify their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. Some experiments, such as stepwise selection of vancomycin-resistant strains, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), antimicrobial susceptibility test, population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC), molecular typing, transmission electron microscopy, δ-hemolysin expression, autolysis assay, biofilm assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for gene expression were carried out to compare the derivated bacteria with their parental strains. Results showed that the observed phenotypes of vancomycin-resistant strains such as hemolysin, autolysis and biofilm significantly reduced, which were associated with vancomycin resistance capability of the selected strain. The changes of phenotype and regulatory genes expression were inversely proportional to the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MICvan). Most heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) or VISA strains belonged to spa type t570 and agr group II. In summary, the clinical isolated vancomycin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VSSA), hVISA and VISA could be derivated into high vancomycin-resistant VISA in vitro, but it was difficult for them to develop into vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). VISA and hVISA could gradually adapt to the environment with the vancomycin concentration that continuously elevates.
Preliminary results of Highly Injectable Bi-Phasic Bone Substitute (CERAMENT) in the treatment of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions
Authors: Kotrych Daniel , Korecki Szymon , Ziętek Paweł , Kruk Bartosz , Kruk Agnieszka , Wechmann Michał , Kamiński Adam , Kotrych Katarzyna , Bohatyrewicz Andrzej 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background: CERAMENT™|BONE VOID FILLER is an injectable and moldable ceramic bone substitute material intended for bone voids. The material consists of hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The aim of this study is to present the first long-term results following open curettage of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions and void filling with this novel injectable and synthetic bone graft. Methods: Thirty three patients were enrolled into the study between June 2013 and October 2014 .Totally, we treated 24 women and 9 men with a median age of 47 years (range: 22-74). All patients suffered from primary musculoskeletal system disorders (enchondroma 63,6%, giant cell tumor 18%, aneurysmal bone cyst 9%, fibrous dysplasia 9%, Gaucher disease 3%). We performed curettage of pathological lesions, then the bone substitute was administered by means of needle to the void. Results: The average follow-up was 13 months (range: 2-13 months, median 10 months). No metastasis or recurrence had been detected. We received significant clinical improvement relating to VAS, MSTS, and oncological results. Conclusions: The results of our study report that CERAMENT can be successfully used as a bone substitute in patients with various bone diseases, as well as benign bone tumors. CERAMENT can provide an effective and long-term solution for reconstructive procedures following curettage of bone tumors and tumor like lesions.
On the proximity of large primes
Authors: Shi Minjia , Luca Florian , Solé Patrick 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
By a sphere-packing argument, we show that there are infinitely many pairs of primes that are close to each other for some metrics on the integers. In particular, for any numeration basis q, we show that there are infinitely many pairs of primes the base q expansion of which differ in at most two digits. Likewise, for any fixed integer t, there are infinitely many pairs of primes, the first t digits of which are the same. In another direction, we show that, there is a constant c depending on q such that for infinitely many integers m there are at least c log log m primes which differ from m by at most one base q digit.
New subfamily of meromorphic multivalent starlike functions in circular domain involving
q-
differential operator
Authors: Arif Muhammed , Ahmad Bakhtiar 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The main object of the present paper is to investigate a number of useful properties such as sufficiency criteria, distortion bounds, coefficient estimates, radius of starlikness and radius of convexity for a new subclass of meromorphic multivalent starlike functions, which are defined here by means of a newly defined
q-
linear differential operator.
Approximate sentinels for diffusion phenomena with pollution
Authors: Segueni Fouzia , Mortad Mohammed Hichem , Omrane Abdennebi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Modeling ecological and environmental problems lead to the study of mathematical systems with missing data. In this paper we study a parameter identification question of a pollution problem using the method of sentinels by Lions (1992). Our system, which is a spatio-temporal one contains a missing initial condition.
We show that the question of existence of a sentinel insensitive to the initial condition is equivalent to an approximate null-controllability problem for which we present a variational method.
On the regularity of one-sided fractional maximal functions
Authors: Liu Feng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the regularity properties of one-sided fractional maximal functions, both in continuous case and in discrete case. We prove that the one-sided fractional maximal operators

ℳ
β
+

$ \mathcal{M}_{\beta}^{+} $

and

ℳ
β
-

$ \mathcal{M}_{\beta}^{-} $

map

W

1
,
p

⁢

(
ℝ
)

$ W^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}) $

into

W

1
,
q

⁢

(
ℝ
)

$ W^{1,q}(\mathbb{R}) $

with 1 <p <∞, 0≤β<1/p and q=p/(1-pβ), boundedly and continuously. In addition, we also obtain the sharp bounds and continuity for the discrete one-sided fractional maximal operators

M
β
+

$ M_{\beta}^{+} $

and

M
β
-

$ M_{\beta}^{-} $

from

ℓ
1

⁢

(
ℤ
)

$ \ell^{1}(\mathbb{Z}) $

to

BV
⁢

(
ℤ
)

$ {\rm BV}(\mathbb{Z}) $

. Here

BV
⁢

(
ℤ
)

$ {\rm BV}(\mathbb{Z}) $

denotes the set of all functions of bounded variation defined on ℤ. The results we obtained represent significant and natural extensions of what was known previously.
A note on a Banach’s fixed point theorem in b-rectangular metric space and b-metric space
Authors: Mitrović Zoran D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this note we give very short proofs for Banach contraction principle theorem in the b-rectangular metric spaces and b-metric spaces. Our result provides a complete solution to an open problem raised by George, Radenović, Reshma and Shukla.
A note about Volterra operator
Authors: Khadkhuu Lkhamjav , Tsedenbayar Dashdondog 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Let V denote the classical Volterra operator on L
2[0,1] and let z
1,z
2 be arbitrary complex numbers. We investigated the operator norm of

z
1

⁢
V

+

z
2

⁢

V
*

$ z_{1}V+z_{2}V^{*} $

.
Wigner's theorem for an infinite set
Authors: Harding John 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
It is well known that the closed subspaces of a Hilbert space form an orthomodular lattice. Elements of this orthomodular lattice are the propositions of a quantum mechanical system represented by the Hilbert space, and by Gleason’s theorem atoms of this orthomodular lattice correspond to pure states of the system. Wigner’s theorem says that the automorphism group of this orthomodular lattice corresponds to the group of unitary and anti-unitary operators of the Hilbert space. This result is of basic importance in the use of group representations in quantum mechanics.
The closed subspaces A of a Hilbert space

H

${\mathcal H}$

correspond to direct product decompositions

H

≃
A
×

A
⊥

$\mathcal{H}\simeq A\times A^\perp$

of the Hilbert space, a result that lies at the heart of the superposition principle. In [10] it was shown that the direct product decompositions of any set, group, vector space, and topological space form an orthomodular poset. This is the basis for a line of study in foundational quantum mechanics replacing Hilbert spaces with other types of structures. It is the purpose of this note to prove a version of Wigner’s theorem: for an infinite set X, the automorphism group of the orthomodular poset Fact(X) of direct product decompositions of X is isomorphic to the permutation group of X.
The structure Fact(X) plays the role for direct product decompositions of a set that the lattice of equivalence relations plays for surjective images of a set. So determining its automorphism group is of interest independent of its application to quantum mechanics. Other properties of Fact(X) are determined in proving our version of Wigner’s theorem, namely that Fact(X) is atomistic in a very strong way.
Crystallographically Defined Silicon Macropore Membranes
Authors: Knight Shannon C. , Unger Bret A. , Kolasinski Kurt W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Laser ablation with nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation combined with anisotropic alkaline etching of Si wafers creates 4-20 μm macropores that extend all the way through the wafer. The walls of these macropores are crystallographically defined by the interaction of the anisotropy of the etchant with the orientation of the single-crystal silicon substrate: rectangular/octagonal on Si(001), parallelepiped on Si(110), triangular/hexagonal on Si(111). Laser ablation can create pillars with peak-tovalley heights of over 100 μm. However, with nanosecondpulsed irradiation at 532 nm, the majority of this height is created by growth above the original plane of the substrate whereas for 355 nm irradiation, the majority of the height is located below the initial plane of the substrate. Repeated cycles of ablation and alkaline etching are required for membrane formation. Therefore, irradiating with 355 nm maintained better the crystallographically defined nature of the through-pores whereas irradiation at 532 nm led to more significant pore merging and less regularity in the macropore shapes. Texturing of the substrates with alkaline-etching induced pyramids or near-field modulation of the laser intensity by diffraction off of a grid or grating is used to modulate the growth of ablation pillars and the resulting macropores. Texturing causes the macropores to be more uniform and significantly improves the yield of macropores. The size range of these macropores may make them useful in single-cell biological studies.
Modeling the impact of sweetpotato weevils on storage root yield
Authors: Akansake Daniel A. , Abidin Putri E. , Carey E. E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study estimated the amount of loss in storage roots caused by various levels of damage caused by sweetpotato weevils (Cylas spp). Seven varieties of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)) were evaluated in three production sites in northern Ghana for two years (2014 and 2015). Yield data for each experimental plot were collected. A regression analysis was carried out using the generalized linear model approach. In the study, nonmarketable roots were classified as all undersized roots (<100g) and spoilt roots due to weevil, millipede, and soft rot. The results indicated weevil damage as the only significant predictor of nonmarketable yield at 5% level of significance. From the study, the average values for total root yield, marketable root yield, and nonmarketable root yield were 9.39, 6.71, and 2.67 ton/ha respectively. The minimum weevil damage (score 2) resulted in a yield loss of 2 ton/ha which represents 8.3% while severe damage at score 9 could cause a loss of 7.43 ton/ha of storage roots representing 31% of the attainable yield of sweetpotato. Weevil susceptibility needs to be treated as a serious trait when evaluating sweetpotato genotypes to be released as varieties.
Fed Cattle Market Integration in Mandatory Price Reporting Era
Authors: Rahman Kazi Tamim , Palash Md. Salauddin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Spatial market integration ensures price discovery, market efficiency and market competition. Price integration in fed cattle markets is a significant subject of research due to perishable nature of fed cattle, geographical distance between production and consumptions areas, and considerable transportation cost. This study examines United States fed cattle market integration using weekly price series of live steer and heifer for five major fed cattle markets in the era of Livestock Mandatory Price Reporting Act. Results indicate that all markets are cointegrated with sharing a common stochastic trend suggesting the Law of One Price. Causal relationship was found among most of the regional markets in case of steer prices, while the relationship was absent among most of the markets for heifer prices.