bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sous‐vide technique as an alternative to traditional cooking methods in the context of antioxidant properties of Brassica vegetables
Authors: Florkiewicz Adam , Socha Robert , Filipiak‐Florkiewicz Agnieszka , Topolska Kinga 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDVegetables are important components of the human diet. The method used to process them is crucial with respect to the nutritional quality of the ready‐to‐eat product. The present study aimed to assess whether the sous‐vide method could represent an alternative for the traditional cooking of Brassica vegetables.RESULTSThe sous‐vide method appeared to be the most advantageous technique in relation to the preservation of vitamin C, both directly after processing and during the storage of processed vegetables. Among the studied phytochemicals, p‐coumaric and gallic acids were found to be the most stable out of all the vegetables cooked by this method.CONCLUSIONThe sous‐vide method should be considered as an optimal technique with respect to the thermal treatment of Brassica vegetables. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Quality of ready‐to‐eat swordfish fillets inoculated with Lactobacillus paracasei IMPC 2.1
Authors: Giribaldi Marzia , Gai Francesco , Peiretti Pier Giorgio , Ortoffi Marco Francesco , Lavermicocca Paola , Lonigro Stella Lisa , Valerio Francesca , Cavallarin Laura 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe quality of marinated ready‐to‐eat (RTE) swordfish fillets, with or without inoculation with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei IMPC 2.1, was assessed over 3 months of refrigerated storage at 4 °C. RTE probiotic and control fish fillets were sampled after 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days of storage. Microbiological tests were performed, and fatty acid (FA) profiles and malondialdehyde content were examined. Microbiological counts, including total viable count, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, moulds, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae were determined.RESULTSInoculation successfully ensured the growth of the probiotic strain and prevented the growth of other LAB. The two RTE products showed significant differences in lipid profile and lipid oxidation during storage. In particular, inoculation with L. paracasei IMPC 2.1 increased the amount of polyunsaturated FAs and limited the amount of monounsaturated FAs and oleic acid, as well as lipid oxidation. It thus represents an interesting strategy for preserving the chemical quality of fish fillets and an alternative means of delivering probiotics.CONCLUSIONProbiotic inoculation with Lactobacillus paracasei seemed to delay lipid oxidation of the fish flesh and increase the retention of polyunsaturated FAs, suggesting a potential application for this strain in the seafood industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Compositional and structural dynamics of the ruminal microbiota in dairy heifers and its relationship to methane production
Authors: Cunha Camila S , Marcondes Marcos I , Veloso Cristina M , Mantovani Hilário C , Pereira Luiz Gustavo R , Tomich Thierry R , Dill‐McFarland Kimberly A , Suen Garret 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeifers emit more enteric methane (CH4) than adult cows and these emissions tend to decrease per unit feed intake as they age. However, common mitigation strategies like expensive high‐quality feeds are not economically feasible for these pre‐production animals. Given its direct role in CH4 production, altering the rumen microbiota is another potential avenue for reducing CH4 production by ruminants. However, to identify effective microbial targets, a better understanding of the rumen microbiota and its relationship to CH4 production across heifer development is needed.RESULTSHere, we investigate the relationship between rumen bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities as well as CH4 emissions and a number of production traits in prepubertal (PP), pubertal (PB), and pregnant heifers (PG). Overall, PG heifers emitted the most CH4, followed by PB and PP heifers. The bacterial genus Acetobacter and the archaeal genus Methanobrevibacter were positively associated, while Eubacterium and Methanosphaera were negatively associated with raw CH4 production by heifers. When corrected for dietary intake, both Eubacterium and Methanosphaera remained negatively associated with CH4 production.CONCLUSIONWe suggest that Eubacterium and Methanosphaera represent likely targets for CH4 mitigation efforts in heifers as they were negatively associated with CH4 production and not significantly associated with production traits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Cooling Solutions for Laser Applications
Authors: Zobler Markus , Mantwill Eike 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn cutting, welding, and additive manufacturing, lasers are a universal tool. To make sure that a laser operates reliably, its components must be cooled as the generation of the laser light creates heat. If this heat is not discharged, both the laser and the workpiece will heat up. Heat can diminish the accuracy of the laser beam and even deform parts of the laser. To prevent temperature fluctuations and damages, laser manufacturers apply cooling units, called chillers. Based on the operating principle of such chillers, this article explains why it is well worth for laser manufacturers to consider suitable cooling of individual elements already in the development phase.
Season‐specific trends and linkages of nitrogen and oxygen cycles in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Testa Jeremy M. , Kemp W. Michael , Boynton Walter R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA three‐decade time series of solute concentrations was combined with a box‐modeling system to analyze long‐term trends in the concentration, production, and transport of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species along the mainstem axis of Chesapeake Bay. Water‐ and salt‐balance calculations associated with box‐modeling provided regional, seasonal, and interannual estimates of net advective and nonadvective transport and net biogeochemical production rates for oxygen and dissolved nitrogen. The strongest decadal trends were observed for decreasing late‐summer ammonium concentrations in bottom layers from brackish to polyhaline bay regions. Contemporaneous trends of increasing late‐summer bottom‐layer dissolved oxygen (O2) concentration were consistent with the observed NH4+ patterns, suggesting that increasing dissolved O2 levels may also reflect declining bottom respiration and drive nitrogen loss via increased rates of coupled nitrification–denitrification. Significant (but weaker) trends of increasing nitrate plus nitrite (NO2+3−) concentration and net production were consistent with the notion that increased nitrification may be stimulated by increasing dissolved O2 concentrations. Sorting bottom water NH4+ and NO2+3− net production rates into two pools (before and after the year 2000) revealed that general seasonal patterns were similar, but recent NH4+ net production rates were consistently lower and NO2+3− and NO2− rates higher in summer and fall compared to earlier years, especially in the middle Bay regions. We conclude that late‐season replenishment of oxygen associated with declining nutrient loads induced a negative feedback process, whereby decreased hypoxia suppressed NH4+ recycling and created conditions favorable for additional nitrogen loss via coupled nitrification–denitrification.
Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition: Review of the Literature and Current Nutrition Guidelines
Authors: Russell Mary K. , Wischmeyer Paul E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParenteral nutrition has significantly and positively affected the clinical care of patients for >50 years. The 2016 Society of Critical Care Medicine/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines for the provision of nutrition support to adult patients emphasize the role of this therapy in attenuating the stress response and impacting the immune response, among other benefits. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients remains a major problem; it is underdiagnosed and often undertreated. Malnourished patients are more likely to suffer from infections, pneumonia, and pressure ulcers, among other serious concerns. Enteral nutrition is considered first‐line therapy in many of these patients; however, data suggest that many patients receive far less than prescribed amounts for a variety of reasons. Supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN), used to augment nutrition support of appropriate adult patients and better meet nutrition goals, is not often used in the United States. The purposes of this review are to highlight selected studies in the literature that support and question the use and value of SPN in adult patients; propose consideration of 2 definitions for SPN, “early” and “traditional”; and encourage clinicians to consider SPN for appropriate patients.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of polyisobutylene‐based imido‐amine‐type dispersants containing exclusively non‐nucleophilic nitrogen
Authors: Holbrook Travis P. , Masson Georgeta M. , Storey Robson F. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTLubricating oils for gasoline and diesel engines are formulated to include amphiphilic dispersants for soot particle stabilization and prevention of particle aggregation. Primary and secondary amines used within the polar group of traditional dispersants provide basic nitrogen, which is able to neutralize acidic by‐products from combustion and does not contribute to sulfated ash. However, these active‐hydrogen‐containing amines present significant problems for fluoroelastomer seals and metals in terms of degradation and corrosion. Polyisobutylene (PIB)‐based dispersants containing only tertiary amines, intended to remediate these problems, were synthesized from primary‐bromide‐terminated PIB, 1‐(2‐aminoethyl)piperazine, and an anhydride such as phthalic anhydride. Intermediates and final dispersant molecules were characterized by NMR, GPC, TGA, and MALDI‐TOF MS. Using Langmuir adsorption studies with carbon black as a surrogate for soot, a direct dependence on the affinity for adsorption of the dispersant with respect to the number of phenyl rings present was identified. Performance testing revealed increased compatibility of the dispersants, including limited degradation of seals and corrosion of metals, while retaining total base number. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1657–1675
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the cytolytic anti‐CD38 human monoclonal antibody TAK‐079 in monkey – model assisted preparation for the first in human trial
Authors: Roepcke Stefan , Plock Nele , Yuan Josh , Fedyk Eric R. , Lahu Gezim , Zhao Lin , Smithson Glennda 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe are studying the fully human, IgG1λ cytolytic monoclonal antibody TAK‐079, which binds CD38. CD38 is expressed on plasma and natural killer (NK) cells constitutively and upregulated on subsets of B and T lymphocytes upon activation. TAK‐079 cross‐reacts with CD38 expressed by cynomolgus monkeys and depletes subsets of NK, B, and T cells. Therefore, safety and function of TAK‐079 was evaluated in this species, prior to clinical development, using bioanalytical, and flow cytometry assays. We pooled the data from eight studies in healthy monkeys (dose range 0.03‐100 mg/kg) and developed mathematical models that describe the pharmacokinetics and the exposure–effect relationship for NK cells, B cells, and T cells. NK cell depletion was identified as the most sensitive pharmacodynamic effect of TAK‐079. It was adequately described with a turnover model (C50 = 27.5 μg/mL on depletion rate) and complete depletion was achieved with an IV dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Intermediate effects on T‐cell counts were described with a direct response model (C50 = 11.9 μg/mL) and on B‐cell counts with a 4‐transit‐compartment model (C50 = 19.8 μg/mL on depletion rate). Our analyses substantiate the observation that NK, B and T cells are cleared by TAK‐079 at different rates and required different time spans to replete the blood compartment. The models were used to simulate pharmacokinetic and cell depletion profiles in humans after applying a straightforward scaling approach for monoclonal antibodies in preparation for the first‐in‐human clinical trial.
100 keV H+ ion irradiation of as‐deposited Al‐doped ZnO thin films: An interest in tailoring surface morphology for sensor applications
Authors: Sahoo Susanta Kumar , Mangal Sutanu , Mishra D.K. , Singh Udai P. , Kumar Pravin 
Published: May 2018

We report the influence of 100 keV H+ ion beam irradiation on the surface morphology, crystalline structure, and transport properties of as‐deposited Al‐doped ZnO (Al:ZnO) thin films. The films were deposited on silicon (Si) substrate by using DC sputtering technique. The ion irradiation was carried out at various fluences ranging from 1.0 × 1012 to 3.0 × 1014 ions/cm2. The virgin and ion‐irradiated films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Hall probe measurements. Using X‐ray diffraction spectra, 5 points Williamson‐Hall plots were drawn to deduce the crystallite site and strain in Al:ZnO films. The analysis of the measurements shows that the films are almost radiation resistant in the structural deformation under chosen irradiation conditions. With beam irradiation, the transport properties of the films are also preserved (do not vary orders of magnitude). However, the surface roughness and the crystallite size, which are crucial parameters of the ZnO film as a gas sensor, are at variation with the ion fluence. As ion fluence increases, the root‐mean‐square surface roughness oscillates and the surface undergoes for smoothening with irradiation at chosen highest fluence. The crystallite size decreases initially, increases for intermediate fluences, and drops almost to the value of the pristine film at highest fluence. In the paper, these interesting experimental results are discussed in correlations with ion‐matter interactions especially energy losses by the ion beam in the material.
The design of structural ”spider webs“
Authors: Baker William F. , Mazurek Arek , Hartz Christian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Werner Sobek on the occasion of his 65th birthdayIn 1864, James Clerk Maxwell wrote the remarkable paper ”On Reciprocal Figures and Diagrams of Forces.“ Maxwell observed that for a frame (what today would be called a truss or a net) to be in equilibrium, it must be the projection of a plane‐faced polyhedron. It is now known that this observation is correct, provided the bars of the truss or net and the lines of the external applied forces can be represented by a planar graph. We also know that the plane‐faced polyhedron is the Airy stress function.This information can greatly assist a structural designer in creating, adjusting, and analysing structural nets. These nets can be planar structures or the planar projections of three dimensional nets (including spider webs). Simple visual techniques can be used to evaluate how many independent states of self‐stress exist and how to adjust the design to achieve goals such as targeted geometries, redundancies or forces. Combined with force‐density form finding, this process creates a powerful design tool. This paper will review the theoretical background and applications of the design process.
Efficiency and beauty – steel structures by Werner Sobek
Authors: Bechmann Roland , Hagenmayer Stephen , Winterstetter Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Werner Sobek on the occasion of his 65th birthdayOn 16 May 2018, Prof. Werner Sobek turned 65. A few months earlier, the group of companies he founded, with more than 300 employees worldwide, celebrated its 25th anniversary. We would like to use Werner Sobek's birthday as an opportunity to reflect on some of the steel structures inspired by him. Out of the many projects that would have been eligible, the authors have focused on those that seem of primary importance or have not been written about yet.
Identity, Values, and Reflection: Shaping (and Being Shaped) through Assessment
Authors: Isabella Marcy , McGovern Heather 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOutlining one program's history of outcomes‐based assessment, the authors examine the relationships among assessment practices, program identity, and program values. Understanding the ways in which past processes of identifying learning outcomes reflected, and failed to reflect, shared values points us toward a new set of strategies for developing a new set of learning outcomes.
Writing and the Undergraduate Curriculum: Using Assessment Evidence to Create a Model for Institutional Change
Authors: O'Neill Megan , Slater Alicia , Sapp D. Gregory 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, we describe the process of turning assessment results into substantial curricular revision, report on the mechanisms we used to encourage, measure, and reinforce successes, and outline the vertical and horizontal curriculum map of writing at Stetson University. We conclude with questions we have identified along the way and the developments we see ahead, as this instructional map for a critical skill has opened the door to similar maps for other critical skills.
D6R4 curvature corrections, modular graph functions and Poincaré series
Authors: Ahlén Olof , Kleinschmidt Axel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this note we study the U-duality invariant coefficient functions of higher curvature corrections to the four-graviton scattering amplitude in type IIB string theory compactified on a torus. The main focus is on theD6R4term that is known to satisfy an inhomogeneous Laplace equation. We exhibit a novel method for solving this equation in terms of a Poincaré series ansatz and recover known results inD= 10 dimensions and find new results inD <10 dimensions. We also apply the method to modular graph functions as they arise from closed superstring one-loop amplitudes.
Integrable subsectors from holography
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert , Kim Minkyoo , Van Zyl Hendrik J. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe consider operators in$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4super Yang-Mills theory dual to closed string states propagating on a class of LLM geometries. The LLM geometries we consider are specified by a boundary condition that is a set of black rings on the LLM plane. When projected to the LLM plane, the closed strings are polygons with all corners lying on the outer edge of a single ring. The largeNlimit of correlators of these operators receives contributions from non-planar diagrams even for the leading largeNdynamics. Our interest in these fluctuations is because a previous weak coupling analysis argues that the net effect of summing the huge set of non-planar diagrams, is a simple rescaling of the ’t Hooft coupling. We carry out some nontrivial checks of this proposal. Using thesu(2|2)2symmetry we determine the two magnonS-matrix and demonstrate that it agrees, up to two loops, with a weak coupling computation performed in the CFT. We also compute the first finite size corrections to both the magnon and the dyonic magnon by constructing solutions to the Nambu-Goto action that carry finite angular momentum. These finite size computations constitute a strong coupling confirmation of the proposal.
Assessing the impacts and outcomes of youth driven mental health promotion: A mixed‐methods assessment of the Social Networking Action for Resilience study
Authors: Jenkins Emily K. , Bungay Vicky , Patterson Andrew , Saewyc Elizabeth M. , Johnson Joy L. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTMental health challenges are the leading health issue facing youth globally. To better respond to this health challenge, experts advocate for a population health approach inclusive of mental health promotion; yet this area remains underdeveloped. Further, while there is growing emphasis on youth‐engaged research and intervention design, evidence of the outcomes and impacts are lacking. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to addressing these gaps, presenting findings from the Social Networking Action for Resilience (SONAR) study, an exploration of youth‐driven mental health promotion in a rural community in British Columbia, Canada. Mixed methods including pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys (n = 175) and qualitative interviews (n = 10) captured the outcomes and impacts of the intervention on indicators of mental health, the relationship between level of engagement and benefit, and community perceptions of impact. Findings demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of youth engaged research and intervention at an individual and community‐level.
Fourth World Approaches to International Law (FWAIL) and Asia's Indigenous Struggles and Quests for Recognition under International Law
Authors: FUKURAI Hiroshi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe indigenous and Fourth World communities in multiple Asian regions are again making noises. As the incoming ALSA president, I wish to offer a new perspective called the Fourth World Approaches to International Law (FWAIL) to understand the nature of pandemic indigenous people’s struggles for independence in Asia, to examine sociopolitical and historical roots of regional conflicts around many Asian peripheries, and to explore the contour of the social and political path for the recognition of indigenous rights for political sovereignty and independence under international law. Further, FWAIL is offered to give an active voice to indigenous people who have been victimized by predatory policies of the state system and international law, and to build a culture of collective resistance and opposition to hegemonic Western domination in the region. FWAIL also provides the framework to seek self-determination through activism, organizing, and negotiations with the state, in addition to the use of domestic law and international law. Furthermore, FWAIL is offered to give an alternative vision for the preservation of biodiversity and natural environment necessary for the survival of the human race in the coming generations in Asia.
Transmission ofClostridium difficilefrom asymptomatically colonized or infected long-term care facility residents
Authors: Donskey Curtis J. , Sunkesula Venkata C. K. , Stone Nimalie D. , Gould Carolyn V. , McDonald L. Clifford , Samore Matthew , Mayer JeanMarie , Pacheco Susan M. , Jencson Annette L. , Sambol Susan P. , Petrella Laurica A. , Gulvik Christopher A. , Gerding Dale N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that long-term care facility (LTCF) residents withClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) or asymptomatic carriage of toxigenic strains are an important source of transmission in the LTCF and in the hospital during acute-care admissions.DesignA 6-month cohort study with identification of transmission events was conducted based on tracking of patient movement combined with restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS).SettingVeterans Affairs hospital and affiliated LTCF.ParticipantsThe study included 29 LTCF residents identified as asymptomatic carriers of toxigenicC. difficilebased on every other week perirectal screening and 37 healthcare facility-associated CDI cases (ie, diagnosis >3 days after admission or within 4 weeks of discharge to the community), including 26 hospital-associated and 11 LTCF-associated cases.ResultsOf the 37 CDI cases, 7 (18·9%) were linked to LTCF residents with LTCF-associated CDI or asymptomatic carriage, including 3 of 26 hospital-associated CDI cases (11·5%) and 4 of 11 LTCF-associated cases (36·4%). Of the 7 transmissions linked to LTCF residents, 5 (71·4%) were linked to asymptomatic carriers versus 2 (28·6%) to CDI cases, and all involved transmission of epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strains. No incident hospital-associated CDI cases were linked to other hospital-associated CDI cases.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that LTCF residents with asymptomatic carriage ofC. difficileor CDI contribute to transmission both in the LTCF and in the affiliated hospital during acute-care admissions. Greater emphasis on infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship in LTCFs is needed, and these efforts should focus on LTCF residents during hospital admissions.