bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus development after germinal matrix hemorrhage: Established mechanisms and proposed pathways
Authors: Klebe Damon , MBride Devin , Krafft Paul R. , Flores Jerry J. , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn addition to being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants, germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is also the leading cause of acquired infantile hydrocephalus. The pathophysiology of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) development after GMH is complex and vaguely understood, although evidence suggests fibrosis and gliosis in the periventricular and subarachnoid spaces disrupts normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. Theories explaining general hydrocephalus etiology have substantially evolved from the original bulk flow theory developed by Dr. Dandy over a century ago. Current clinical and experimental evidence supports a new hydrodynamic theory for hydrocephalus development involving redistribution of vascular pulsations and disruption of Starling forces in the brain microcirculation. In this review, we discuss CSF flow dynamics, history and development of theoretical hydrocephalus pathophysiology, and GMH epidemiology and etiology as it relates to PHH development. We highlight known mechanisms and propose new avenues that will further elucidate GMH pathophysiology, specifically related to hydrocephalus.
Effect of chemical surface modification on dendritic gold in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐active substrates
Authors: Chang Chia‐Yu , Hsieh Yun‐Ching , Huang Yung‐Yi , Wang Yun‐Jie , Chen Yu‐Mei , Huang Yu‐Bin , Hung Wei‐Hsiu , Lai Ying‐Huang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe fabricate crystalline dendritic gold (Au‐D) via a simple electrochemical method and characterize it using several techniques. Chemical modification by self‐assembled thiol molecules on the Au‐D is used to adjust the chemical environment of the substrate surface and to improve surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance. First, the Au‐D modified with different length chains of n‐alkyl thiols cause an enhancement of SERS, which follows a relationship of normalized intensity,
, versus (1 +
) with a slope of −10 according to the electromagnetic mechanism. Subsequently, phenyl thiols with various end‐functional groups are attached to study the effect of chemical modification on SERS enhancement. The results indicate that the 4‐methylthiophenol‐ and thiophenol‐modified substrates do not exhibit significant SERS enhancement, resulting in intensity being dependent on distance. It is worth noting that the 4‐mercaptophenol‐ and 4‐aminothiophenol‐modified surfaces have an effective electric field effect and strong interaction with polarity probe molecules, and they produce a more intense signal than do bare Au‐D particles.
Tourist season and residents' life satisfaction: Empirical evidence from a longitudinal design in a Mediterranean destination
Authors: Bimonte Salvatore , D'Agostino Antonella , Grilli Gaetano , Pagliuca Margherita 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to confirm or confute the hypothesis that residents' attitudes to tourism and individuals' overall satisfaction vary with tourist development and to determine whether changes are long lasting or vanish with the tourist season. A longitudinal design based on a three‐step survey (before, peak, and after tourist seasons) was conducted for a destination where tourism is a major economic activity. The results demonstrate that residents' attitudes to tourism change over time and residents' happiness and satisfaction with life domains are endangered by tourism. They also show a certain recovery capacity after the “perturbation.”
Add‐on probiotics in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis: A randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Jalali Mir Mohammad , Soleimani Robabeh , Alavi Foumani Ali , Ganjeh Khosravi Hooman 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesCurrent medications for allergic rhinitis (AR) may have undesirable side effects that could affect quality of life (QoL). Probiotics could be an alternative in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of add‐on probiotics on symptoms and QoL of patients.MethodsIn this randomized crossover clinical trial, patients with persistent AR were included. Each subject received budesonide with probiotic supplements (BP) or budesonide with placebo for 8 weeks (B), then vice versa for a further 8 weeks. There was an 8‐week washout. The primary outcome was the change of the Short Form 36‐Item Health Survey (SF‐36) score. The secondary outcomes were assessed by the Sinonasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) and the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) questionnaires.ResultsA total of 152 subjects (30.1 ± 7.6 years) completed the study. The SF‐36 score in both groups showed improvement compared with baseline values. Treatment BP was more effective than that of B. The Cohen's d and the number needed to treat for Physical Component Scales of SF‐36 were 0.40 and 10.77, respectively. These values for Mental Component Scales were 0.33 and 12.61, respectively. Also, treatment BP showed more reduction in the score of SNOT‐22 and CARAT.ConclusionThis study showed that the addition of probiotics to budesonide significantly improved QoL in persistent AR patients. However, the clinical situation of these patients may be not very representative of AR patients in general population. Further studies are recommended.Level of Evidence1bLaryngoscope, 129:1744–1750, 2019
Wide gain enhanced band high gain Fabry–Perot cavity antenna using ultrathin reflecting metasurface
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Abegaonkar Mahesh P. , Koul Shiban K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, a narrow and a wide band high gain antenna with improved front to back ratio using highly reflecting surface are proposed. A highly reflecting compact ultrathin metasurface (MS) of thickness 0.0134 λ with >90% reflection band of 1.42 GHz from 4.55 to 5.97 GHz is designed. The open air field Fabry–Perot cavity resonator antenna is designed by placing this MS over a microstrip patch antenna radiator first and next on standard wide band C‐band wave guide port radiator at an optimum height to get narrow and wide enhanced gain band width, respectively. The proposed antennas are fabricated and measured experimentally. A low profile narrow band FPC antenna with measured broad side gain enhancement of 8.54 dB having maximum measured gain of 16.5 dBi at 5.3 GHz is designed first. Next, a wide band FPC antenna having broad side measured enhanced gain band width of >1 GHz from 4.75 GHz to about 6.00 GHz with maximum gain enhancement of 8.32 dB with maximum measured gain of 17.85 dBi at 5.30 GHz is observed. A wide improved front to back ratio (FBR) band of 1 GHz with maximum FBR of 39.5 dB at 5.30 GHz is presented. This antenna can be used for 5G long range services.
Wideband microstrip quasi‐elliptic function bandpass filter with high out‐of‐band rejection
Authors: Virdee Bal S. , Riaz Muhammad , Shukla Panchamkumar , Onadim Muhittin , Ouazzane Karim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPresented in this article is a novel and compact quasi‐elliptic function bandpass filter based on microstrip technology that exhibits a high out‐of‐band rejection over a very wide frequency range. The design comprises stub‐loaded half‐wavelength resonators that are electromagnetically coupled to resonant structures that are interdigitally coupled to the input and output feed‐lines. Perturbation introduced by the presence of the stub causes the resonators to act as a multimode device. In addition, the stub introduces two transmission zeros to significantly improve the filter's passband selectivity and suppress harmonic and spurious modes. This configuration yields a wideband response with low insertion loss of 0.73 dB, high return‐loss <20 dB, and out‐of‐band rejection level >40 dB across 2‐4.5 GHz and 5.74‐16 GHz. The planar filter structure can be easily manufactured using standard PCB technology.
Robust cerebrovascular blood velocity and flow rate estimation from 4D‐CTA
Authors: Bouillot Pierre , Brina Olivier , Chnafa Christophe , Cancelliere Nicole M. , Vargas Maria I. , Radovanovic Ivan , Krings Timo , Steinman David A. , Pereira Vitor M. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeBlood velocity and flow rate information may be helpful for a wide variety of applications, but it often requires separate acquisitions. The dynamic information combined with the high spatial resolution of four‐dimensional computed tomography angiography (4D‐CTA) offers the possibility to quantify blood flow simultaneous to vascular anatomy.MethodsA 4D‐CTA clinical protocol with a novel dedicated postprocessing were validated in vitro in a patient‐specific model, and tested in a pilot study of six patients. Blood flow was assessed in both internal carotid (ICAs) and vertebral (VAs) arteries by analyzing spatial displacement of contrast agent in the form of time‐intensity curves (TICs). Unlike previous approaches, it does not require any a priori assumptions about TIC shape, but rather computes mean velocity and flow rates from the spatial displacement of the TICs along the automatically segmented vessels.ResultsIn vitro experiments showed good agreement between 4D‐CTA and flowmeter measurements under steady and pulsatile flow conditions. In vivo measurements exhibited large interpatient variability of the TIC shapes, from which blood flow rates could nevertheless be successfully measured in all patients and investigated vessels. On average, measured flow rates were 3.2 ± 0.7 ml/s (in ICAs) and 1.3 ± 0.8 ml/s (in VAs) consistent with previous reference standards. Contrary to our novel approach, which considered the full TIC shape, application of previous time‐to‐peak analyses based on idealized TIC shapes showed limited reliability.ConclusionsWe demonstrate the high potential of 4D‐CTA for assessing blood velocity and flow rate in addition to anatomical evaluation. The wide variety of TIC shapes encountered in vivo highlights the importance of an adaptive TIC analysis as proposed in the present work.
Tight upper bounds for the convergence of the randomized extended Kaczmarz and Gauss–Seidel algorithms
Authors: Du Kui 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe randomized extended Kaczmarz and Gauss–Seidel algorithms have attracted much attention because of their ability to treat all types of linear systems (consistent or inconsistent, full rank or rank deficient). In this paper, we present tight upper bounds for the convergence of the randomized extended Kaczmarz and Gauss–Seidel algorithms. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Toward economic NMPC for multistage AC optimal power flow
Authors: Faulwasser Timm , Engelmann Alexander 
Published: February 2019

SummaryRecently, there has been a considerable progress on the analysis of stability and performance properties of so‐called economic nonlinear model predictive control (nmpc) schemes, ie, schemes employing stage costs that are not directly related to distance measures of precomputed setpoints. At the same time, with respect to the energy transition, the use of nmpc schemes is proposed and investigated in a plethora of papers in different contexts. For example, receding‐horizon approaches to generator dispatch problems, which is also known as multistage optimal power flow (opf) in power systems, naturally lead to economic nmpc schemes based on nonconvex discrete‐time optimal control problems (ocp). This paper investigates the transfer of analysis results available for general economic nmpc schemes to receding‐horizon multistage opf. We propose a blueprint formulation of multistage opf including ac power flow equations. Based on this formulation, we present results on the dissipativity and recursive feasibility properties of the underlying ocp. Finally, we draw upon simulations using a 5‐bus system and a 118‐bus system to illustrate our findings.
Lobbying in developing countries: The Peruvian case
Authors: Carbone Carolina A. 
Published: February 2019

In the transparent exercise of democracy, there is a technique of persuasion called lobbying. The technique involves applying persuasion by representing one's own interests or the interests of third parties. In literature, lobbying is therefore related to interest groups and pressure groups. It is considered a key tool to guarantee equal conditions in the decision‐making process that promotes democracy and citizen control is transparency.Lobbying, also called interest management, is a legitimate activity that in Latin America has a bad press and consequently a bad reputation. However, it is a very important input into the democratic process. According to the NGO Legislative Directory: “It allows the general public to engage in the public decision‐making process, and it has the potential to improve the quality of public decisions by opening channels for diverse opinions and thematic experts.” It is an activity that is put into practice in all countries of the world and that has a regulatory background in most countries of the northern hemisphere and in some South American countries such as Peru and Chile. The general spirit of these norms is to “transform a suspected irregular activity into a deliberation and democratic game,” justify the Legislative Directory.
An ecological theory of changing human population dynamics
Authors: Henderson Kirsten , Loreau Michel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe dependence of humans on nature has come into focus as the human population continues to grow, resources diminish and production technology stagnates – threatening human well‐being on a global scale. Numerous previous models describe human population dynamics, in relation to a multitude of different factors. However, there are no consistent driving factors of human demography through history, which makes predicting future changes more challenging.Here, we review the literature on human population growth from empirical data and previous models, which allows us to highlight key trends in demography and land cover changes.We then establish an ecologically driven theory of demographic change that uses resource accessibility as a proxy for socio‐economic factors. The theory combines multiple concepts to represent 12 millennia of past population dynamics through simple human–nature relationships.Furthermore, the model allows us to compare different scenarios related to technological progress and land cover change, for which we find that the peak human population is highly dependent on whether technological developments continue at an exponential growth rate, or if and when there is a saturation point. Likewise, agriculture is shown to be helpful for growing the population, but nature is ultimately needed to maintain the human population.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Concomitant disorder and high‐affinity zinc binding in the human zinc‐ and iron‐regulated transport protein 4 intracellular loop
Authors: Bafaro Elizabeth M. , Maciejewski Mark W. , Hoch Jeffrey C. , Dempski Robert E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe human zinc‐ and iron‐regulated transport protein 4 (hZIP4) protein is the major plasma membrane protein responsible for the uptake of zinc in the body, and as such it plays a key role in cellular zinc homeostasis. hZIP4 plasma membrane levels are regulated through post‐translational modification of its large, disordered, histidine‐rich cytosolic loop (ICL2) in response to intracellular zinc concentrations. Here, structural characteristics of the isolated disordered loop region, both in the absence and presence of zinc, were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR chemical shifts, coupling constants and temperature coefficients of the apoprotein, are consistent with a random coil with minor propensities for transient polyproline Type II helices and β‐strand in regions implicated in post‐translational modifications. The ICL2 protein remains disordered upon zinc binding, which induces exchange broadening. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement experiments reveal that the histidine‐rich region in the apoprotein makes transient tertiary contacts with predicted post‐translational modification sites. The residue‐specific data presented here strengthen the relationship between hZIP4 post‐translational modifications, which impact its role in cellular zinc homeostasis, and zinc sensing by the intracellular loop. Furthermore, the zinc sensing mechanism employed by the ICL2 protein demonstrates that high‐affinity interactions can occur in the presence of conformational disorder.
Toward High Power‐High Energy Sodium Cathodes: A Case Study of Bicontinuous Ordered Network of 3D Porous Na3(VO)2(PO4)2F/rGO with Pseudocapacitance Effect
Authors: Zhang Zhibo , Chen Zhihao , Mai Zhaoxu , Peng Kunyao , Deng Qinglin , Bayaguud Aruuhan , Zhao Pengfei , Fu Yanpeng , Yu Yan , Zhu Changbao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeveloping high power‐high energy electrochemical energy storage systems is an ultimate goal in the energy storage field, which is even more difficult but significant for low‐cost sodium ion batteries. Here, fluoride is successfully prepared by the electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique, which greatly expands the application scope of ESD. A two‐step strategy (solvothermal plus ESD method) is proposed to construct a bicontinuous ordered network of 3D porous Na3(VO)2(PO4)2F/reduced graphene oxide (NVOPF/rGO). This two‐step strategy makes sure that NVOPF can be prepared by ESD, since it avoids the loss of F element during synthesis. The obtained NVOPF particles are as small as 15 nm, and the carbon content is only 3.5% in the final nanocomposite. Such a bicontinuous ordered network and small size of electroactive particles lead to the significant contribution of the pseudocapacitance effect to sodium storage, resulting in real high power‐high energy sodium cathodes. The cathode exhibits excellent rate capability and cycling stability, whose rate performance is one of the best ever reported in both half cells and full cells. Moreover, this work provides a general and promising strategy for developing high power‐high energy electrode materials for various electrochemical energy storage systems.
Applying Heteroatom Substitution in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Manion Joseph G. , Panchuk Jenny R. , Seferos Dwight S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPoly(3‐alkylthiophene) (P3AT) has been a central focus of research on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for well over a decade. Due to their controlled synthesis P3ATs have proven to be a vital model system for developing an understanding of the effects of polymer structure on optoelectronic properties and blend morphology in bulk heterojunction OPVs. Similar to their thiophene counterparts, selenophene and tellurophene can be polymerized in a controlled manner. As single atom substitution results in significant differences in absorption, charge transport and self‐assembly these model systems provide a unique opportunity to probe fundamental structure‐property relationships. In this account, we provide an overview of our work on copolymers of thiophene and selenophene and examine how the optoelectronic and morphological behavior of these materials can be strategically adjusted through polymer design. We also highlight recent developments on poly(3‐alkyltellurophene) and comment on its future in fundamental and applied studies.
Combined UMBAF‐MBAF process treating detergent wastewater
Authors: Ji Guixia , Zhou Yanhong , Zhou Buxuan , Yun Yunbo , Chen Zhongbing , Liu Hongbo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA combined process of the upflow multimedium biological aerated filter (UMBAF) and the multimedia biological aerated filter (MBAF) treating detergent wastewater was investigated in this study. Results showed that the optimal filtration rate of the combined system was 1.4 m/hr while the optimized performance was observed at air to water ratio of 2:1. The average removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), linear alkyl benzene sulfonate sodium (LAS), and total phosphate (TP) was up to 91.4%, 88.5%, and 40%, respectively, while the average effluent concentrations of COD, LAS, and TP under stable operation states were 35.0 mg/L, 7.0 mg/L, and 4.4 mg/L, respectively. UMBAF played a major role in TP removal; the removal of COD in the combined UMBAF and MBAF process was consistent with the general formula C = C0e ‐(ah + b), while the kinetic model of LAS removal in the combined UMBAF and MBAF process could be expressed by L = L0e−(mh + n). The combined UMBAF‐MBAF process provides a promising technology for the treatment of detergent wastewater. The kinetic model of LAS removal in the UMBAF and MBAF units is helpful for the prediction of the treatment efficiency of organic pollutants.Practitioner points

A novel UMBAF‐MBAF process was developed treating detergent wastewater.

The average removal rate of COD, LAS, and TP by the combined process was up to 91.4%, 88.5%, and 40%, respectively.

Kinetic models for the UMBAF‐MBAF process were investigated.
Patchwork Economies in Europe: Economic Strategies Among Homeless Romanian Roma in Copenhagen
Authors: Ravnbøl Camilla Ida 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter investigates the economic strategies of a group of Romanian Roma, who live in homelessness in Copenhagen. It draws on 13 months of anthropological fieldwork with Roma women and men who migrate continuously between Denmark and Romania and who mainly make a living by collecting refundable bottles and cans in Copenhagen. They refer to themselves asbadocari, which translates to “bottle people” in Romanian. The chapter proposes the concept of “patchwork economy” to frame the micro economic strategies that thebadocariengage in. The analogy of patchwork crafting serves to illustrate how the households’ economies rest upon a constant “stitching together” of various unreliable income sources that are scrap based and have no interconnection but due to their unreliability and minor revenue cannot stand alone to support the family. Furthermore, it illustrates how debt constitutes the background quilt against which the patchwork economy is continuously reconfigured. Finally, the chapter presents analytical insight into the interconnectedness between the micro economy of the Roma household and the broader social and political context of Romania and argues that the former should be regarded as a direct response to the latter.
Business Model Innovation for Sustainability Through Localism
Authors: Dybdahl Linn Meidell 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter explores localism as a strategy for business model innovation for sustainability through a case study of four small Norwegian fashion companies that try to establish a local value chain in Norway. The study shows that their localism pursuit leads to step-by-step changes in how the companies create, deliver, and capture value which over time leads to considerable business model redesign. As a strategy, localism can generate shared value of various forms. The geographic proximity seems to enable reconnections between resources, people, place, community, and environment that correlate with sustainability. However, this entails that the company has a sensitivity to place and a broad range of stakeholders.