bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD49d/CD29‐integrin controls the accumulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells into the CNS during neuroinflammation
Authors: Garnier Arnaud , Laffont Sophie , Garnier Laure , Kaba Elisa , Deutsch Urban , Engelhardt Britta , Guéry Jean‐Charles 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are found in the CNS during neuroinflammation and have been reported to exert regulatory functions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms of entry of pDCs into the CNS as well as their phenotype and innate functional properties, once recruited into the CNS, have not been thoroughly examined. Herein, we show that pDCs rapidly accumulate into the brain and spinal cord during the acute phase of EAE, and maintain the expression of numerous phenotypic markers typical of peripheral pDCs. Functionally, CNS‐pDCs constitutively expressed IRF7 and were able to rapidly produce type I IFNs and IL‐12p40 upon ex vivo TLR‐9 stimulation. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we provide evidence that CNS‐pDC are recruited from the blood and accumulate into the CNS during the acute phase of EAE. Accumulation of pDCs into the CNS was strongly inhibited in the absence of CD29, but not CD18, suggesting a major role for ß1 but not ß2 integrins. Indeed, blocking the CD49d α4‐integrins during acute EAE drastically diminished CNS‐pDC numbers. Together, our results demonstrate that circulating pDCs are actively recruited into the CNS during acute EAE through a mechanism largely dependent on CD49d/CD29‐integrins.
Research on the modulation mechanism and rock breaking efficiency of a cuttings waterjet
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhao Bo , Ni Hongjian , Li Zhina , Liu Yuandong , Chen Xinyong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe feasibility of a cuttings waterjet directly modulated in the bottom hole is discussed from the aspects of cuttings suction and rock‐breaking efficiency. The particle waterjet modulation mechanism using a Helmholtz oscillating cavity is studied through numerical simulation and the rock‐breaking efficiency of five types of particles (including cuttings, steel balls, steel emery, garnet, and silicon carbide) is studied through experiment. The influences of particle parameters (such as diameter, density, and concentration) and operation parameters (such as standoff distance, pump pressure, and confining pressure) on the suction and rock‐breaking effect of different particles are analyzed. The results show that all particle types with different parameters could be indrawn into the Helmholtz oscillating cavity with two symmetrical suction ports and could be accelerated to considerable velocity amplitude to impact rock. The rock‐breaking efficiency of pure cuttings was lower than fractional cuttings (ie, 50% cuttings and 50% steel balls) and pure steel balls, but the pure cuttings can be used as an effective assisted rock‐breaking method. The research results lay a foundation for development of a cuttings waterjet directly modulated in the bottom hole for assisting rock‐breaking technology.
Compositional, morphological, and physicochemical properties of starches from red adzuki bean, chickpea, faba bean, and baiyue bean grown in China
Authors: Zhang Zuosheng , Tian Xiaolin , Wang Peng , Jiang Hao , Li Wenhao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStarches of four legume varieties grown in China were evaluated for composition, granule structure, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, and thermal and pasting properties. The similar granule shapes, surface fissures, polarized crosses, inner structure characteristics, and granule sizes could be observed among all legume varieties through a variety of microscopy techniques such as light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Amylose contents were in the range of 30.61%–33.55%. All of the starch varieties showed C‐type X‐ray pattern, but exhibited different relative crystallinity percentage. Significant differences were observed among starch varieties in swelling power, solubility, and light transmittance. Thermal analysis and pasting profile of legume starches showed that all the varieties’ differences are probably due to variation in amylose content. The thermal and pasting parameters of starches were evaluated using differential scanning calorimeter and Rapid Visco‐Analyser, respectively, and significant differences were observed in individual pasting and thermal parameters. The present study can be used for identifying differences between legume varieties for starch structural and physicochemical characteristics and could provide guidance to possible industries for their end use.
Geochemical characteristics of Early Cretaceous marine oil shale from the Changshe Mountain area in the northern Qiangtang Basin, Tibet: Implications for palaeoweathering, provenance, tectonic setting, and organic matter accumulation
Authors: Zeng Shengqiang , Wang Jian , Chen Wenbin , Fu Xiugen , Feng Xinglei , Song Chunyan , Wang Dong , Sun Wei 
Published: July 2019

The Early Cretaceous Shengli River–Changshe Mountain marine oil shale belt, located in the northern Qiangtang Basin, Tibet, is estimated to be the largest marine oil shale resource in China. However, its palaeoweathering, provenance, and tectonic setting during the depositional history have received little interest. In this paper, 19 outcrop marine oil shale samples from the ChangsheMountain (CSM) area were studied to investigate the provenance, palaeoclimate, palaeoweathering, and tectonic setting during the marine oil shale deposition. The total organic carbon and organic sulphur contents of the CSM oil shales range from 2.2% to 13.44% and 0.19% to 1.08%, respectively. The CSM oil shale samples contain abundant carbonate (e.g., calcite and dolomite), quartz, and clay minerals. The clay minerals of the CSM oil shale samples is dominated by illite and then by smectite. Other minerals, including haematite, apatite, pyrite, baryte, and celestite, were also identified by scanning electron microscope–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. The total rare earth element (∑REE) contents of the oil shales range from 9.01 to 105.96 ppm (average 57.56 ppm), close to the average REE contents of U.S. coals. The REE contents in oil shale samples are mainly controlled by terrigenous input. The CSM oil shales show LREE‐enriched, HREE‐depleted, with the LREE/HREE ratios ranging from 5.12 to 10.18, negative Eu anomalies (0.56–0.84) and slightly negative Ce anomalies (0.87–1.05). The chemical index of alteration values of the CSM oil shales range from 67 to 76 (average 73), indicating a moderate chemical weathering condition. Sr/Cu and Rb/Sr ratios suggest the CSM oil shales were mainly deposited under a warm and humid climate regime. Sr/Ba ratios, ranging from 0.54 to 7.84, suggest a palaeoenvironment with fluctuant salinity. Major element, trace element, and REE relationships indicate that the CSM oil shales are mainly from the felsic and intermediate igneous rocks. The REE distribution patterns of the CSM oil shales are similar to the Late Triassic Nadi Kangri felsic volcanic rocks in the Qiangtang Basin, indicating that the CSM oil shale may be derived from the Late Triassic volcanic rocks and the oil shales were mainly formed in rift tectonic setting. Favourable preservation condition (e.g., warmer palaeoclimate, higher palaeosalinity, and dysoxic to anoxic water column environment) could be the main controlling factor for organic matter accumulation.
Functional expression of electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) in mouse cortical astrocytes is dependent on S255‐257 and regulated by mTOR
Authors: Khakipoor Shokoufeh , Giannaki Marina , Theparambil Shefeeq M. , Zecha Jana , Küster Bernhard , Heermann Stephan , Deitmer Joachim W. , Roussa Eleni 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1, NBCe1 (SLC4A4), is the major bicarbonate transporter expressed in astrocytes. It is highly sensitive for bicarbonate and the main regulator of intracellular, extracellular, and synaptic pH, thereby modulating neuronal excitability. However, despite these essential functions, the molecular mechanisms underlying NBCe1‐mediated astrocytic response to extracellular pH changes are mostly unknown. Using primary mouse cortical astrocyte cultures, we investigated the effect of long‐term extracellular metabolic alkalosis on regulation of NBCe1 and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms by immunoblotting, biotinylation of surface proteins, intracellular H+ recording using the H+‐sensitive dye 2′,7′‐bis‐(carboxyethyl)‐5‐(and‐6)‐carboxyfluorescein, and phosphoproteomic analysis. The results showed significant downregulation of NBCe1 activity following metabolic alkalosis without influencing protein abundance or surface expression of NBCe1. During alkalosis, the rate of intracellular H+ changes upon challenging NBCe1 was decreased in wild‐type astrocytes, but not in cortical astrocytes from NBCe1‐deficient mice. Alkalosis‐induced decrease of NBCe1 activity was rescued after activation of mTOR signaling. Moreover, mass spectrometry revealed constitutively phosphorylated S255‐257 and mutational analysis uncovered these residues being crucial for NBCe1 transport activity. Our results demonstrate a novel mTOR‐regulated mechanism by which NBCe1 functional expression is regulated. Such mechanism likely applies not only for NBCe1 in astrocytes, but in epithelial cells as well.
Primary care reforms in managing chronic diseases in Xiamen, China: A tentative assessment
Authors: Zeng Yanbing , Yuan Zhipeng , Chen Lele , Wu Jielong , Chen Fan , Fang Ya 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe primary care reform developed in Xiamen City stood out among the dozens of pilot reforms conducted in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the reform.MethodsThe data were collected from the Annual Statistical Report on Xiamen's Hospitals and face‐to‐face questionnaire interviews among physicians (n = 107) and community members (n = 399). Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the factors influencing the community members' preference for treatment in community health centers (CHCs).ResultsThe drug cost declined nearly 3.0% in hospitals, and outpatient visits increased more quickly (27.1%) in CHCs. A total of 86.2% of community members preferred to receive treatment for slight illness or chronic diseases in CHCs, and 77.9% of them were willing to be referred to CHCs during the recovery period. Patients who were managed by the general practice (GP) team showed higher percentages in examining and controlling blood pressure and blood glucose.ConclusionThe reform in Xiamen was easily accepted by physicians and community members. The reform had rendered initial achievements in reducing drug income in hospitals, increasing outpatient visits in CHCs, seeking health care in CHCs, and controlling blood pressure and glucose for patients with chronic diseases.
User‐stakeholders' responsiveness: A necessary input for achieving in e‐governance transformation in developing countries
Authors: Ngonzi Tibuhinda , Sewchurran Kosheek 
Published: July 2019

Abstracte‐Government is a social innovation phenomenon in the contemporary times, with extensive promises for social livelihood progress in developing counties. e‐Government has opened up potentials and opportunities for the operationalization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for human development goals in the socioeconomic fields. e‐Government has unveiled political playgrounds for the citizens such as the Diasporas, who can participate in their home countries political processes through electronic voting for instance. e‐Government is a tool for the realization and strengthening of good governance processes. With such relevance in the background, there is always a gap for contribution in that context of technology and society relationships, through investigation of areas for implementation, improvement, or effective practicing of e‐government. In the implementation of e‐government, Tanzania is said to be evolving through the digital presence–interaction–transaction–transformation stages of e‐government maturity models (eGMMs). We are of the opinion that transformation for e‐government cannot be achieved in the pragmatics of eGMMs framework. We suggest the adoption of information systems project framework (ISPF) to enhance focusing on “user‐stakeholders” as strategic components for e‐governance effectiveness towards transformation, and that the responsiveness of user‐stakeholders at different levels of e‐government operations is potentially important in the phenomenon.
Long noncoding RNA IGF2AS regulates high‐glucose induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Yu Xiaoyi , Luo Yingzi , Chen Gangyi , Liu Hong , Tian Ni , Zen Xiaoting , Liu Qiuhong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigh‐glucose‐induced retinal tissue impairment is the major pathological phenotype of diabetic retinopathy. In an in vitro diabetic apoptosis cell model, we evaluated the function of long noncoding RNA, insulin growth factor 2 antisense (IGF2‐AS) in high‐glucose‐injured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. A human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE‐19 was incubated with high‐glucose in vitro to induce apoptosis. SiRNA‐mediated IGF2‐AS downregulation was conducted in ARPE‐19 cells to evaluate its effect on high‐glucose induced apoptosis, assessed by a TUNEL assay. qRT‐PCR and western blot assays were applied to examine the functional effect of IGF2‐AS on IGF2/AKT/Casp‐9 expressions in glucose‐injured ARPE‐19 cells. ART was further knocked down, specifically in IGF2‐AS‐downregualted ARPE‐19 cells, to investigate its functional involvement in IGF2‐AS‐inhibition‐mediated apoptotic protection in glucose‐injured ARPE‐19 cells. High‐glucose induced apoptosis in ARPE‐19 cells, and upregulated IGF‐2AS in a dose‐dependent manner. SiRNA‐mediated IGF2‐AS downregulation ameliorated apoptosis, upregulated IGF2/AKT and decreased Casp‐9, in high‐glucose‐treated ARPE‐19 cells. AKT knockdown was shown to dramatically reverse the preventive effect of IGF2‐AS‐downregulation on high‐glucose‐induced apoptosis in ARPE‐19 cells. Moreover, it was demonstrated that AKT knockdown directly upregulated Casp‐9 in IGF2‐AS‐downregulated and high‐glucose‐treated ARPE‐19 cells. We demonstrated that inhibiting IGF2‐AS, possibly also through activation of AKT signaling pathway, has a protective function in high‐glucose‐induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells in diabetic retinopathy.
Isoflavones rich cowpea and vitamin D induces the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts via BMP‐2/Smad pathway activation: Mechanistic approach
Authors: Jadai Rishika , Venna Naresh , Ajumeera Rajanna , Challa Suresh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIsoflavones, such as Genistein (Ge) and Daidzein (Dz) are widely studied Phytoestrogens with potent anti‐osteoporotic and good antioxidant activity. Cowpea is one such legume having high isoflavone content and hence we aimed at studying the beneficial effects of the isoflavones isolated from cowpea as it is widely accepted staple food in India. Previously, we reported the effect of Cowpea isoflavones (CP) and Vitamin D (VD) owing to its ability of improving the osteoporotic condition in a diet induced osteoporotic rat model. In the present study, we tried to explore the underlying mechanism of CP and VD along with positive controls Dz and Ge in influencing the functions of human osteoblasts at cellular level. Initially, MG‐63 cells were assessed for the expression of genes involved in BMP‐2 signaling pathway, like Bone morphogenic protein (BMP‐2), transcription factor Osterix (OSX), total and phosphorylated Smad 1/5/8 levels and osteoblast specific genes levels namely Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osteopontin (OPN), and Collagen by immunoblot, flow cytometry, and quantitative RT‐PCR studies. All the levels that were upregulated with the initial exposure of the compounds got inhibited after Noggin exposure a specific BMP‐2 antagonist both at protein level and m‐RNA level, except OSX where the expression was totally hindered in CP and Ge treated groups alone. Hence, CP and VD activate BMP‐2/Smad signaling pathway and promote further proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Therefore, results prove that isoflavones isolated from cowpea could be used in treating bone‐related disorders.
Differential expression of piRNAs in reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts
Authors: Zhu Yanye , Fan Chunsun , Zhao Botao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractpiRNAs are a large class of small noncoding RNA that interact with an animal‐specific class of Argonaute proteins, P‐element induced wimpy proteins. piRNAs were initially discovered in mouse testes to be a fundamental component of spermatogenesis. Outside of the germline, piRNAs were found to function in embryogenesis, development, regeneration and cancer cells. However, despite a decade of scrutiny, functional understanding of this class of small RNAs remains very limited. To determine whether there are piRNAs present and involved in the cellular reprogramming process, we extracted piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA) signatures from a small RNA deep sequencing data set of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and reprogrammed stem cells by three different technologies. We successfully identified three piRNA families specifically expressed in these reprogrammed stem cells. Meanwhile, there were almost no piRNAs observed in MEFs and mESCs. Further analysis indicated that these piRNAs may associate with the reprogramming process but not cellular pluripotency. Target gene prediction suggested that at least one of piRNAs, piR‐mmu‐64162, may take part in the reprogramming process by regulating cell senescence. Overall, we firstly identified the potential reprogramming associated piRNAs, shedding new light on piRNA functions.
Lunar soil simulants alter macrophage survival and function
Authors: Li Melvin , Thompson Kaitlyn K. , Nissen Jillian C. , Hendrix Donald , Hurowitz Joel A. , Tsirka Stella E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLunar regolith samples collected during previous Apollo missions were found to contain components that were established to be toxic to humans; however, the health effects due to inhalation of lunar soil as a whole are still unknown. Macrophages residing in the alveolar sacs of the lungs constitute one of the last lines of defense against inhaled particulates before entry into the bloodstream. Here, we examine the macrophage response to lunar simulants that are similar in chemical composition to the lunar regolith. We assess cytotoxicity, cellular morphology, phagocytosis of simulants and expression of inflammatory markers. Overall, the exposure of macrophages to lunar simulants results in moderate cytotoxicity and marked alteration of cell morphology and uptake of the simulants. Interestingly, simulant exposure decreased proinflammatory gene expression, but may induce an anti‐inflammatory phenotype in the cells. These results illustrate that although macrophages phagocytose lunar simulants as a protective response, the simulants do induce a degree of macrophage cell death. Our study reveals some toxicity associated with lunar simulants and supports further evaluation of the inhalation of lunar regolith to understand the risks of exposure fully.
Biomimetic synthesis of Mg‐substituted hydroxyapatite nanocomposites and three‐dimensional printing of composite scaffolds for bone regeneration
Authors: Chen Shangsi , Shi Yufei , Zhang Xin , Ma Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we have successfully fabricated magnesium (Mg) substituted hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (Mg‐HA) by utilizing type I collagen (COL I) and citric acid (CA) through a bitemplate‐induced biomimetic mineralization approach. The obtained composite nanoparticles were subsequently mixed with chitosan (CHI) and gelatin (Gel) to prepare porous scaffolds with interconnected structures by three‐dimensional (3D) printing technique. The Mg‐HA powders and composite scaffolds were characterized. The results showed that the substitution of Mg for Ca ions reduced the crystallinity of HA crystals, but did not significantly affect the size and structure of the nanocomposites. The morphology of Mg‐HA scaffolds turned smoother compared with the HA scaffolds with Mg substitution. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of Mg‐HA composite scaffolds was evaluated by metal ion release, cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. According to the results, as the more Ca2+ was substituted by Mg2+, the more Mg2+ was released from the samples and the pH in cultured medium was more acidic. It was suggested that Mg‐HA scaffolds presented higher cell attachment, proliferation rate, increased expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic related gene, including osteocalcin (OCN), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and COL I. Therefore, it was indicated that the 3D printed Mg‐HA composite scaffolds with excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity were a potential candidate in bone tissue engineering.
miR‐182‐5p contributes to intestinal injury in a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia‐induced sepsis via targeting surfactant protein D
Authors: Du Xianjin , Wei Jie , Tian Dan , Wu Miao , Yan Chen , Hu Peng , Wu Xu , Yang Wenbin , Yin Tailang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSepsis is a severe clinical disease, which is resulted from the excessive host inflammation response to the infection. Growing evidence indicates that Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is a significant cause of sepsis, which can lead to intestinal injury, inflammation, and apoptosis. Studies have shown that miR‐182‐5p can serve as a tumor oncogene or a tumor suppressive microRNA in various cancers, however, its biological role in sepsis is still uninvestigated. Here, we reported that miR‐182‐5p was obviously increased in S. aureus pneumonia mice models. Loss of miR‐182‐5p inhibited intestinal damage and intestinal apoptosis as indicated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. In addition, we observed the lack of miR‐182‐5p altered the local inflammatory response to pneumonia in the intestine. Elevated tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were observed in intestinal tissue of pneumonia groups compared with the shams. Furthermore, miR‐182‐5p knockout (KO) pneumonia group demonstrated decreased levels of intestinal TNF‐α and IL‐6. Primary murine intestinal epithelial cells were isolated and cultured in our investigation. We exhibited downregulation of miR‐182‐5p repressed intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis and rescued the cell viability. Meanwhile, miR‐182‐5p caused elevated cell apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation. Moreover, the surfactant protein D (SP‐D) binds with the bacterial pathogens and remove the pathogens and apoptotic bodies, which exhibits important roles in modulating immune responses. It was displayed in our study that SP‐D was greatly decreased in pneumonia mice models. SP‐D was predicted as a downstream target of miR‐182‐5p. These data concluded that miR‐182‐5p promoted intestinal injury in S. aureus pneumonia‐induced sepsis via targeting SP‐D.
Intracranial cystic lesions and polydactyly associated with acrocallosal syndrome: Sonographic findings in two cases
Authors: Mohanty Himansu S. , Shirodkar Kapil K. , Sharma Nikhil , Bind Mahendra K. , Nandikoor Shrivalli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe describe two cases of intracranial cystic lesions associated with acrocallosal syndrome. These fetal anomalies were detected on antenatal sonography and confirmed postnatally. Imaging findings include corpus callosum agenesis with interhemispheric cysts and craniofacial anomalies associated with polydactyly. Identifying the above imaging features is of importance to plan management and provide supportive care that may be required.