bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old‐age language variation and change: Confronting variationist ageism
Authors: Pichler Heike , Wagner Suzanne Evans , Hesson Ashley 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe speech of older adults (65+ years old) is a rich resource for a wide range of researchers, including oral historians, developmental psychologists, health communication scholars, speech and hearing specialists, and discourse analysts. Yet in variationist sociolinguistics—the study of language variation, language change, and their social motivations—older adults have fallen afoul of a kind of scholarly ageism. Often consigned to the status of a historical benchmark against which the speech of younger people is compared, and with only rare acknowledgment of their biological, psychological and social diversity, old‐age speakers deserve greater attention. This article provides linguists with an overview of relevant conceptualizations of age and ageing in gerontology, explains why a focus on older speakers is critical to the advancement of the study of language variation and change, and offers practical suggestions for overcoming some of the challenges associated with old‐age research.
Truth in transition? Gender identity and Catholic anthropology
Authors: Jones David Albert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is no high level Magisterial teaching directly on gender dysphoria nor on gender non‐conformity in matters of dress. Nevertheless, the relationship of gender identity to biology raises profound theological questions. Transitioning between gender roles has been construed as an attempt “to alter what is unalterable” and “to establish a false identity in place of one's true identity”. However, the anthropological reality of incongruent gender identity is complex. It has something in common with body dysmorphia, something in common with the feminist criticism of gender roles, something in common with being a eunuch or with having a divergence of sexual development and something in common with homosexuality, but in each case with important differences. This paper sets out a further analogy, between legal gender recognition and legal adoption. Intellectual humility is required to help develop more adequate concepts in this area. At the same time, practical considerations require that one comes to a provisional judgement, at least, concerning this phenomenon. The analogies from divergences of sexual development and from adoption demonstrate that it is possible in principle to affirm the incongruent gender identity without being untruthful or contradicting a sound Catholic anthropology that is adequate to this complex human reality.
Angels in America – a theological reading in conjunction with Pope Francis’ Apostolic Exhortation on The Call to Holiness in Today's World, Gaudete et Exsultate (Rejoice and Be Glad), and key Catholic writings on Homosexuality
Authors: Torevell David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article is an inter-textual study of the play Angels in America (Part One), Pope Francis’ Apostolic Exhortation Gaudete et Exsultate and key Catholic writings on homosexuality. I hope to show how the play might inform future Catholic understandings of self-identity, self-acceptance and self-love and how in turn, Catholic writings on the nature of love, sexuality and holiness can assist audiences to understand more deeply the themes and dilemmas in the play. The Catholic Church is immensely forgiving of the human failure to live up to the lofty demands of love and has a strong tradition of asceticism concerning the positive and transformative effects of self-control. However, due to the cognitive dissonance set up by its teaching on homosexuality, and in particular, its claim that there is an incompatibility between gay identity and ordained priestly identity, the Church has tended to retreat into a world of silence about the importance of self-knowledge to assuage the dissonance it feels. The dramatic deleterious consequences seen in the play about the failure to love oneself are a stark warning to the Church that this might not be the best or most pastoral path to take.
Nivolumab causes focal muscular inflammation without electrophysiological or muscle magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Li Fangzhou , Ayaki Takashi , Ueda Sakiho , Nagai Hiroki , Murata Kenya , Takahashi Ryosuke 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA 62‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of bilateral shoulder muscle pain after nivolumab treatment. Her laboratory data disclosed elevated serum creatine kinase levels while the magnetic resonance imaging and the electromyography study were unremarkable. A left deltoid muscle biopsy was performed, and the evidence of focal inflammatory cell infiltration surrounding muscle fibers and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I was showed. Even mild and transient muscular symptoms after administration of nivolumab can represent immune‐mediated muscular inflammation.
The Arctic's sea ice cover: trends, variability, predictability, and comparisons to the Antarctic
Authors: Serreze Mark C. , Meier Walter N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs assessed over the period of satellite observations, October 1978 to present, there are downward linear trends in Arctic sea ice extent for all months, largest at the end of the melt season in September. The ice cover is also thinning. Downward trends in extent and thickness have been accompanied by pronounced interannual and multiyear variability, forced by both the atmosphere and ocean. As the ice thins, its response to atmospheric and oceanic forcing may be changing. In support of a busier Arctic, there is a growing need to predict ice conditions on a variety of time and space scales. A major challenge to providing seasonal scale predictions is the 7–10 days limit of numerical weather prediction. While a seasonally ice‐free Arctic Ocean is likely well within this century, there is much uncertainty in the timing. This reflects differences in climate model structure, the unknown evolution of anthropogenic forcing, and natural climate variability. In sharp contrast to the Arctic, Antarctic sea ice extent, while highly variable, has increased slightly over the period of satellite observations. The reasons for this different behavior remain to be resolved, but responses to changing atmospheric circulation patterns appear to play a strong role.
Neuroautonomic activity evidences parturition as a complex and integrated neuro–immune–endocrine process
Authors: Reyes‐Lagos José Javier , Ledesma‐Ramírez Claudia Ivette , Pliego‐Carrillo Adriana Cristina , Peña‐Castillo Miguel Ángel , Echeverría Juan Carlos , Becerril‐Villanueva Enrique , Pavón Lenin , Pacheco‐López Gustavo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParturition in mammals demands a precise coordination of several neuro–immune–endocrine interactions including: a sterile inflammatory response that involves secretion of inflammation mediators like cytokines/chemokines; changes in the secretion of hormones such as progestogen, estrogens, cortisol, and oxytocin; as well as adjustments of the neuroautonomic function. Specifically, the so‐called cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway seems to play a key role in the homeostasis of the neuro–immune–endocrine axis by adjusting the vagus nerve activity during parturition. Here, we provide insights into the importance of the vagus during parturition from an autonomic, endocrine, and immune interplay perspective, and describe the potential role of heart rate variability analysis to explore these interactions noninvasively, economically, and accessibly.
Intervention strategies for preventing excessive gestational weight gain: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shieh C. , Cullen D. L. , Pike C. , Pressler S. J. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundInterventions relevant to energy intake to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in pregnant overweight and obese women are important but scarce. This review synthesized healthy eating and physical activity strategies and their effects on excessive gestational weight gain prevention.MethodsTwenty‐three randomized controlled trials that included healthy eating and/or physical activity as an intervention in healthy pregnant overweight or obese adult women and gestational weight gain as a primary or secondary outcome were reviewed.FindingsHeathy eating and/or physical activity (21 studies, n = 6,920 subjects) demonstrated 1.81 kg (95% CI: −3.47, −0.16) of gestational weight gain reduction favouring intervention. Healthy eating (−5.77 kg, 95% CI: −9.34, −2.21, p = 0.02) had a larger effect size than combined healthy eating/physical activity (−0.82 kg, 95% CI: −1.28, −0.36, p = 0.0005) in limiting gestational weight gain. Physical activity did not show a significant pooled effect. Healthy eating with prescribed daily calorie and macronutrient goals significantly limited gestational weight gain by 4.28 kg and 4.23 kg, respectively.ConclusionHealthy eating and/or physical activity are effective in gestational weight gain control. Healthy eating with calorie and macronutrient goals are especially effective in limiting excessive gestational weight gain among pregnant overweight and obese women.
Segmental storiform collagenomas: Expanding the spectrum of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome in children
Authors: Habeshian Kaiane , Huppmann Alison , Ferreira Carlos , Kirkorian A. Yasmine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA 4‐year‐old girl with autism spectrum disorder and congenital heart disease presented to dermatology clinic for evaluation of skin growths present since infancy. Physical examination was significant for macrocephaly and agminated skin‐colored to pink papulonodules in a segmental distribution on the right lower back and buttocks, biopsy of which showed storiform collagenomas (sclerotic fibromas). Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic missense mutation in the PTEN gene, and a diagnosis of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome was made. The segmental nature of her storiform collagenomas is unique, to our knowledge, and may be explained by a postzygotic second‐hit PTEN mutation, contributing to the growing spectrum of clinical findings associated with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.
Education level as a predictor of condom use in jail‐incarcerated women, with fundamental cause analysis
Authors: Emerson Amanda M. , Carroll Hsiang‐Feng , Ramaswamy Megha 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo model condom usage by jail‐incarcerated women incarcerated in US local jails and understand results in terms of fundamental cause theory.Design, Sample, MeasurementsWe surveyed 102 women in an urban jail in the Midwest United States. Chi‐square tests and generalized linear modeling were used to identify factors of significance for women who used condoms during last sex compared with women who did not. Stepwise multiple logistic regression was conducted to estimate the relation between the outcome variable and variables linked to condom use in the literature.ResultsLogistic regression showed that for women who completed high school odds of reporting condom use during last sex were 2.78 times higher (p = .043) than the odds for women with less than a high school education. Among women who responded no to ever having had a sexually transmitted infection, odds of using a condom during last sex were 2.597 times (p = .03) higher than odds for women who responded that they had had a sexually transmitted infection.ConclusionsEducation is a fundamental cause of reproductive health risk among incarcerated women. We recommend interventions that creatively target distal over proximal factors.
Ground‐ and Excited‐State Acidity of Analogs of Red Wine Pyranoanthocyanins,
Authors: Freitas Adilson A. , Silva Cassio Pacheco , Silva Gustavo Thalmer M. , Maçanita António L. , Quina Frank H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPyranoflavylium cations are synthetic analogs containing the same basic chromophore as the pyranoanthocyanins that form in red wine during maturation and are responsible for its final color. Determination of the ground‐ and excited‐state acidities for a series of eight substituted hydroxy pyranoflavylium cations shows that they are weak acids in the ground state (pKa ranging from 3.4 to 4.4 in aqueous buffer solution), but substantially more acidic in the first excited singlet state (pKa* ranging from ca. 0.2 to 0.7 in 30% methanol–water). Unlike the ground‐state acidities, which show no obvious trend with electronic effects of the substituents, the excited‐state pKa* values correlate well with Hammett sigma parameters for the substituents on the pyranoflavylium chromophore. This difference in the transmission of electronic effects between ground and excited state is reflected in the localization of the HOMO of the cation and conjugate base in distinct regions of the chromophore as compared to delocalization of the LUMO over the entire molecule. The current results provide further support for the conclusion that excited‐state proton transfer is the dominant deactivation pathway for the pyranoflavylium cation excited singlet state in aqueous or aqueous‐organic media and presumably for pyranoanthocyanins as well.
Often Wrong, Never Uncertain: Lessons from 40 Years of State Revenue Forecasting
Authors: Mikesell John L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExperience in state revenue forecasting humbles and educates the public finance scholar and can inform the public administrator. It teaches the limits of econometrics, the importance of disaggregation, the significance of tax administrators, the utility of causal models, the issue of data problems, the need to understand tax structure, the importance of consensus forecasts, the terror of recessions, and the reality of being wrong. In the Indiana consensus system, experience provides greater respect for public servants seeking to make a sustainable fiscal system function and probably contributes to making the revenue forecast binding in the budget process.
For big comparison: Why the arguments against comparing entire religious traditions fail
Authors: Decosimo David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe nearly unanimous scholarly consensus is that one should not compare entire religious traditions. “Big comparison,” we're told, is vague, unilluminating, and misleading. And this is because religions are just too big and internally diverse to helpfully compare. Worse, big comparison implicates and extends the essentialist and colonialist legacies of the field's origins. This article contends that such arguments fail, and it argues for the inevitability of big comparison and the possibility and value of executing such comparison well. The patterns of thought in virtue of which big comparison is rejected are not only part and parcel of responsible interpretation but a consequence of commitment to holism. Engaging recent philosophical work on “generics” and considering the way concepts likeracecan enable illuminating comparison such as those involved in discourse about value gaps between white and black lives, I further argue that matters are not saliently different when it comes to comparing under categories like “Judaism” or “Buddhism.” As racial categories admit of useful and problematic comparative usage, so too religious categories. I conclude by offering several snapshots of fruitful big comparison and showing that the case against big comparison itself depends on the very modes of thought it wishes to proscribe.
Incremental peritoneal dialysis: New ideas about an old approach
Authors: Auguste Bourne L. , Bargman Joanne M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCoping with the transition from end‐stage kidney disease to dialysis can be challenging for patients and their care partners. Introducing incident dialysis patients to incremental forms of dialysis is associated with better quality of life and reduced cost. Incremental hemodialysis (HD) has generated significant interest over the last decade with treatments that focus on clinical criteria rather than prespecified Kt/Vurea targets. Incremental peritoneal dialysis (PD) has traditionally focused on the sum of residual renal and peritoneal clearances to achieve a specific Kt/Vurea value. Gradual increases in the PD dose were prescribed as the residual kidney function declined. Adopting a new approach to incremental PD similar to what has been done for incremental HD would obviate the need for Kt/Vurea and focus exclusively on clinical criteria. New incremental PD may be considered less disruptive to incident dialysis patients, and may be more likely to be accepted as treatment. It will also reduce our obsession with small solute kinetics and enhance encounters with patients by focusing instead on the holisitc clinical assessment.
Bias‐reduced marginal Akaike information criteria based on a Monte Carlo method for linear mixed‐effects models
Authors: Sakamoto Wataru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn linear mixed‐effects (LME) models, if a fitted model has more random‐effect terms than the true model, a regularity condition required in the asymptotic theory may not hold. In such cases, the marginal Akaike information criterion (AIC) is positively biased for (−2) times the expected log‐likelihood. The asymptotic bias of the maximum log‐likelihood as an estimator of the expected log‐likelihood is evaluated for LME models with balanced design in the context of parameter‐constrained models. Moreover, bias‐reduced marginal AICs for LME models based on a Monte Carlo method are proposed. The performance of the proposed criteria is compared with existing criteria by using example data and by a simulation study. It was found that the bias of the proposed criteria was smaller than that of the existing marginal AIC when a larger model was fitted and that the probability of choosing a smaller model incorrectly was decreased.
Relationship between duration of practice and soil chemical characteristics of upland fields under organic farming in Japan
Authors: Nakagawa S. , Kuwamura T. , Yamada K. , Yamamoto H. , Hatakenaka K. , Yonekura K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRelationships between the duration (in years) of practice and soil (0–30‐cm layer) chemical properties of 189 upland fields under organic farming in Japan were investigated. Electrical conductivity and available phosphorus (P), nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N), Cl− and sulphate sulphur (SO4‐S) decreased and became constant with increasing duration of practice. This was probably because of the absence of mineral fertilizers and the reduced use of animal‐based fertilizers as the duration of organic farming increased.
Academic ability and teamworking in medical students
Authors: Parker Rupert , Hodierne Laurence , Anderson Elizabeth S , Davies Robert SM , Elloy Marianne 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundTeamworking is an essential skill for a doctor to develop in order to work effectively, and is required in the UK as part of the General Medical Council (GMC) Good Medical Practice guidance. Assessment of teamwork may be difficult, however, with medical school assessments being more commonly focused on knowledge and individual skills. We aim to explore the link between academic ability as measured at final medical examinations and teamworking.MethodsAll final‐year medical students were asked to attend a simulation session in an immersive 22‐bed simulated ward, which used a combination of patient simulators and high‐fidelity manikin simulators, with nursing and telephone support. Students were split into separate groups stratified by performance in final‐year assessments or in groups with mixed performance. Students were observed in real time by faculty staff and assessed with the individual Teamwork Observation and Feedback Tool (iTOFT), around which the debriefing was centred.
Assessment of teamwork may be difficultResultsThe performance of 119 students in simulation was assessed, and groups with a mix of academic performance showed significantly greater teamworking ability as measured with the iTOFT as compared with those stratified by performance (p = 0.045). Final assessment at medical school was shown to be a poor predictor of teamworking ability: those who performed best at assessment seemed to underperform in teamworking.DiscussionThe simulated‐ward learning activity received positive feedback, although the mix of patient simulators and high‐fidelity manikins proved a challenge to some students. Medical school assessments appear to be inadequate in the assessment of teamworking ability, with change needed in future to ensure that this and other non‐technical skills are assessed.
Expression of TRPV1 channels by Cajal‐Retzius cells and layer‐specific modulation of synaptic transmission by capsaicin in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Anstötz Max , Lee Sun Kyong , Maccaferri Gianmaria 
Published: May 2018

Key pointsBy taking advantage of calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we provide direct pharmacological evidence for the functional expression of TRPV1 channels in hippocampal Cajal‐Retzius cells.Application of the TRPV1 activator capsaicin powerfully enhances spontaneous synaptic transmission in the hippocampal layers that are innervated by the axons of Cajal‐Retzius cells.Capsaicin‐triggered calcium responses and membrane currents in Cajal‐Retzius cells, as well as layer‐specific modulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission, are absent when the drug is applied to slices prepared from TRPV1−/−animals.We discuss the implications of the functional expression of TRPV1 channels in Cajal‐Retzius cells and of the observed TRPV1‐dependent layer‐specific modulation of synaptic transmission for physiological and pathological network processing.AbstractThe vanilloid receptor TRPV1 forms complex polymodal channels that are expressed by sensory neurons and play a critical role in nociception. Their distribution pattern and functions in cortical circuits are, however, much less understood. Although TRPV1 reporter mice have suggested that, in the hippocampus, TRPV1 is predominantly expressed by Cajal‐Retzius cells (CRs), direct functional evidence is missing. As CRs powerfully excite GABAergic interneurons of the molecular layers, TRPV1 could play important roles in the regulation of layer‐specific processing. Here, we have taken advantage of calcium imaging with the genetically encoded indicator GCaMP6s and patch‐clamp techniques to study the responses of hippocampal CRs to the activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin, and have compared the effect of TRPV1 stimulation on synaptic transmission in layers innervated or non‐innervated by CRs. Capsaicin induced both calcium responses and membrane currents in ∼50% of the cell tested. Neither increases of intracellular calcium nor whole‐cell currents were observed in the presence of the TRPV1 antagonists capsazepine/Ruthenium Red or in slices prepared from TRPV1 knockout mice. We also report a powerful TRPV1‐dependent enhancement of spontaneous synaptic transmission onto interneurons with dendritic trees confined to the layers innervated by CRs. In conclusion, our work establishes that functional TRPV1 is expressed by a significant fraction of CRs and we propose that TRPV1 activity may regulate layer‐specific synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Lastly, as CR density decreases during postnatal development, we also propose that functional TRPV1 receptors may be related to mechanisms involved in CR progressive reduction by calcium‐dependent toxicity/apoptosis.