bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of seasonal macrophyte cover for the behaviour and performance of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a groundwater‐fed river
Authors: Vowles Andrew S. , Kemp Paul S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Groundwater‐fed rivers, such as the chalk streams of southern England, exhibit high levels of stability (e.g. flow and temperature) and physical homogeneity (e.g. depth and substrate grain size). However, growth of instream macrophytes is highly variable depending on season, providing an important but ever‐changing source of cover for stream‐dwelling salmonids, such as brown trout (Salmo trutta).

In this study, the behavioural ecology of brown trout inhabiting a chalk stream was assessed during periods that included summer and winter. In a reach of the River Lambourn (Berkshire, UK), a combination of physical habitat mapping, electric‐fishing, passive integrated transponder and radio telemetry was used to quantify trout: (1) density relative to physical and thermal characteristics; (2) movement patterns; and (3) performance, in terms of growth.

Trout density was positively related to depth during winter (February) and spring (May), but not at the end of summer (September). Despite no statistical relation between trout density and macrophytes, periods of strong and no association between density and depth coincided with sparse and extensive macrophyte cover throughout the study reach, respectively.

Despite being greater for some fish in winter compared to summer, the daily distance moved was generally low (<3.5 m/day). While growth was mostly positive, less mass was gained, and performance deviated farther from optimal levels predicted by a growth model, during periods that included winter.

A number of factors probably contributed to lower growth in winter, including costs of reproduction, temperatures—which deviated farther from those optimal for growth—and/or an inability to maximise energy intake, e.g. due to time spent holding position in deeper areas as cover provided by macrophytes declined.

Despite the lack of extremes in chalk stream environments, the behavioural ecology of brown trout appears to be influenced by seasonal variation in instream cover provided by macrophytes. This emphasises the importance of balancing the management (e.g. cutting and removal) of macrophytes with the ecological benefits they provide.
Diabetes, mortality and glucose monitoring rates in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database Low Intensity Transfer (TAHOD‐LITE) study
Authors: Bijker R , Kumarasamy N , Kiertiburanakul S , Pujari S , Sun L Penh , Ng OT , Lee MP , Choi JY , Nguyen KV , Chan YJ , Merati TP , Do CD , Ross J , Law M ,   the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Asia‐Pacific group
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesDiabetes is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the association between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and mortality, and factors associated with FPG monitoring rates in Asia.MethodsPatients from the Therapeutics Research, Education, and AIDS Training in Asia (TREAT Asia) HIV Observational Database Low Intensity Transfer (TAHOD‐LITE) cohort were included in the present study if they had initiated ART. Competing risk and Poisson regression were used to analyse the association between FPG and mortality, and assess risk factors for FPG monitoring rates, respectively. FPG was categorized as diabetes (FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L), prediabetes (FPG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) and normal FPG (FPG < 5.6 mmol/L).ResultsIn total, 33 232 patients were included in the analysis. Throughout follow‐up, 59% had no FPG test available. The incidence rate for diabetes was 13.7 per 1000 person‐years in the 4649 patients with normal FPG at ART initiation. Prediabetes [sub‐hazard ratio (sHR) 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.64] and diabetes (sHR 1.90; 95% CI 1.52–2.38) were associated with mortality compared to those with normal FPG. FPG monitoring increased from 0.34 to 0.78 tests per person‐year from 2012 to 2016 (P < 0.001). Male sex [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.08; 95% CI 1.03–1.12], age > 50 years (IRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.09–1.19) compared to ≤ 40 years, and CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/μL (IRR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00–1.09) compared to < 200 cells/μL were associated with increased FPG monitoring.ConclusionsDiabetes and prediabetes were associated with mortality. FPG monitoring increased over time; however, less than half of our cohort had been tested. Greater resources should be allocated to FPG monitoring for early diabetic treatment and intervention and to optimize survival.
Measuring the restrictiveness of Portuguese residential care for children and youth
Authors: Rauktis Mary Elizabeth , Rangel Henriques Margarida , Acciaiuoli Barbosa‐Ducharne Maria , Cruz Orlanda , Lemos Marina S. , Lee Julia 
Published: July 2019

Restriction of living environment refers to limits, rules, and structures in place in an out‐of‐home residential placement for children/youth. This article describes the process of revising a measure of out‐of‐home living restrictiveness to be culturally congruent for Portugal, providing preliminary data on validity and reliability, and discusses the feasibility of using this measure in Portugal. The findings suggest that the Portuguese language version has acceptable reliability. The interviewers identified several additional content areas to increase coverage of the construct. Additional validity analyses are needed, but the preliminary findings suggest that measuring the restriction of living environment could provide a concise youth‐informed perspective of living environment not currently being obtained in Portugal.Key Practitioner Message: • Measuring restriction of living environment is crucial to understanding the milieu of the residential home.
Surface damage and threshold determination of Ge–As–Se glasses in femtosecond pulsed laser micromachining
Authors: Ma Wenqiang , Wang Leilei , Zhang Peiqing , Xu Yinsheng , Zhu Liang , Xu Peipeng , Chen Feifei , Dai Shixun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGe–As–Se chalcogenide glasses were prepared and the surface damage characteristics under femtosecond laser irradiation were experimentally investigated. Femtosecond laser beams with different power intensities, focusing depths, pulse repetition rates, and pulse numbers were employed to determine the damage thresholds of the samples. The surface morphologies and feature sizes of the damage craters were studied with regard to laser energy density to evaluate the damage circumstances of the glasses. The generation of the surface damage was also recorded by using different numbers of pulses. Results showed that the damage area increased monotonically with the laser power at low energy density and tended to saturation when reaching a critical value. According to the linear circumstances of laser energy density on the damage crater area, the average damage thresholds of the Ge–As–Se glasses with different repetition rates and pulse numbers were obtained. Results showed that the damage threshold decreased with the increase in pulse repetition rate and number of pulse.
Application of fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy for the detection of historical glass deterioration
Authors: Zaleski Stephanie , Montagnino Elizabeth , Brostoff Lynn , Muller Isabelle , Buechele Andrew , Lynn Ward‐Bamford Carol , France Fenella , Loew Murray 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHistorical alkali silicate glass is prone to deterioration over time due to the uptake of atmospheric water and subsequent hydrolysis of the silicate matrix. Recent studies of historical glass have provided insight into the mechanism of alteration; however, few techniques can assess early onset glass alteration noninvasively. Herein, we present fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) as an invaluable tool to analyze historical glass alteration. We study a series of artificially aged model potash glasses and assess the nature of the alkali‐depleted alteration layer by microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and FORS. We find that the model glass FORS spectra demonstrate peaks associated with hydroxide, liquid‐like water, and bound water. FORS was able to detect an alteration layer as thin as 0.66 µm. The model glass data were then used to generate a hydration thickness prediction curve in order to predict the alteration layer thickness of twenty‐one 19th‐century glass flutes of similar composition. In the one case that an actual flute sample was available, the predicted value was in good agreement with previous SEM measurement. The results indicate the ability of FORS to noninvasively assess glass deterioration and to understand the nature of absorbed water in historical glass objects.
Heterogeneous multilayer dielectric ceramics enabled by ultralow‐temperature self‐constrained sintering
Authors: Hao Jianyu , Yao Fang‐Zhou , Yuan Qibin , Xu Xinwei , Yao Bin , Dong Jiufeng , Guo Jing , Wang Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present work, heterogeneous multilayer ceramics based on two representative dielectrics, low‐K Li2MoO4 (LM) and high‐K [(Li0.5Bi0.5)xBi1−x][MoxV1−x]O4 (LBMV), are successfully acquired using a convenient approach of self‐constrained sintering at an ultralow temperature of 600°C. These two materials with proximate but distinct sintering temperature ranges mutually act as constrained layers to each other in the process of densification, yielding significantly suppressed in‐plane shrinkage of the LM/LBMV heterogeneous multilayer ceramics. Moreover, the dense heterostructures are endowed with decent mechanical and microwave dielectric properties. This work offers a new paradigm for facilely integrating heterogeneous dielectric materials for ultralow‐temperature co‐fired ceramics applications.
Bodyweight threshold for sudden onset of ketosis might exist in ketosis‐prone type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Satomura Atsushi , Oikawa Yoichi , Haisa Akifumi , Inoue Ikuo , Noda Mitsuhiko , Shimada Akira 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKetosis‐prone type 2 diabetes is recognized as atypical diabetes. These patients are often male, characterized by obesity, sudden onset of ketosis and a transient decrease in insulin secretion capacity that can be recovered with temporal insulin therapy. Here, we report a male patient with ketosis‐prone type 2 diabetes who was followed up for 8 years. During the follow‐up period, his bodyweight fluctuated and he experienced four episodes of critical ketosis recurrence in association with bodyweight gain. He discontinued insulin therapy after each ketosis episode within the first 4 years, but thereafter, he had to continue insulin therapy because of decreased insulin secretion capacity. Interestingly, his peak bodyweight just before the repeated ketosis episode gradually decreased, and the insulin secretion capacity after the recovery from repeated ketosis decreased in parallel with his peak bodyweight. This long‐term clinical course might be a clue to understand the pathophysiology of ketosis‐prone type 2 diabetes.
Some International Evidence for Keynesian Economics Without the Phillips Curve
Authors: Farmer Roger E.A. , Nicolò Giovanni 
Published: July 2019

Farmer and Nicolo (2018)… show that the Farmer Monetary (FM)‐model outperforms the three‐equation New Keynesian (NK)‐model in post‐war U.S. data. In this paper, we compare the marginal data density of the FM‐model with marginal data densities for determinate and indeterminate versions of the NK‐model for three separate samples using U.S., U.K. and Canadian data. We estimate versions of both models that restrict the parameters of the private sector equations to be the same for all three countries. Our preferred specification is the constrained version of the FM‐model which has a marginal data density that is more than 40 log points higher than the NK alternative. Our findings also demonstrate that cross‐country macroeconomic differences are well explained by the different shocks that hit each economy and by differences in the ways in which national central banks reacted to those shocks.
A unique stroke case with contralateral sulcal hyperintensity on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery image changed to linear serpiginous structures
Authors: Osakada Yosuke , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Sato Kota , Shang Jingwei , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn 83‐year‐old man developed acute ischemic stroke. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed ischemic stroke in the left parietal lobe gyri, but fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) showed hyperintensity in the contralateral right temporal‐occipital lobe sulci. Follow‐up FLAIR image showed the gradual disappearance of the sulcal hyperintensity in the sulci and changed to linear serpiginous structures. This is a unique stroke case showing transitioned FLAIR findings suggesting that the sulcal hyperintensity findings are more severe and an earlier ischemic condition than the linear serpiginous structures.
Expression and localization of adiponectin and its receptors in ovarian follicles during different stages of development and the modulatory effect of adiponectin on steroid production in water buffalo
Authors: Gupta Mahesh , Bahiram Krushna Bibichand , Sardar Vikas Muralidhar , Korde Jayant Pandurang , Magar Swapnil P. , Bonde Sachin Wasudeorao , Kurkure Nitin Vasantrao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdiponectin is an adipocyte‐derived hormone regulating energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity and recently found to regulate reproduction. The current study was carried out to investigate gene and protein expression, immunolocalization of adiponectin and its receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in ovarian follicles of different developmental stages in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and to investigate the effect of adiponectin on steroid production in cultured bubaline granulosa cells. qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were applied to demonstrate mRNA expression, protein expression and immunolocalization, respectively. The results indicate that adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were present in granulosa cells (GC) and theca interna (TI) of ovarian follicles and the expression of adiponectin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2 in GC and AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in TI increased with increase in follicle size (p < .05). Expression of adiponectin was high in small and medium size follicles in TI. The adiponectin and its receptors were immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of GC and TI cells. Further, in the in‐vitro study, GCs were cultured and treated with recombinant adiponectin each at 0, 1 and 10 µg/ml alone or with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) at 30 ng/ml) or Insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) at 10 ng/ml for 48 hr after obtaining 75%–80%s confluency. Adiponectin at 10 µg/ml increased IGF‐I‐induced estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) secretion and FSH‐induced E2 secretion from GC and also increased the abundance of factors involved in E2 and P4 production (cytochrome P45019A1 [CYP19A1] and 3‐beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [3β‐HSD]). In conclusion, this study provides novel evidence for the presence of adiponectin and its receptors in ovarian follicles and modulatory role of adiponectin on steroid production in buffalo.
Comparison of pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator lung function as predictors of mortality: The HUNT Study
Authors: Bhatta Laxmi , Leivseth Linda , Carslake David , Langhammer Arnulf , Mai Xiao‐Mei , Chen Yue , Henriksen Anne H. , Brumpton Ben M. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivePost‐bronchodilator (BD) lung function is recommended for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, often only pre‐BD lung function is used in clinical practice or epidemiological studies. We aimed to compare the discrimination ability of pre‐BD and post‐BD lung function to predict all‐cause mortality.MethodsParticipants aged ≥40 years with airflow limitation (n = 2538) and COPD (n = 1262) in the second survey of the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2, 1995–1997) were followed up until 31 December 2015. Survival analysis and time‐dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were used to compare the discrimination ability of pre‐BD and post‐BD lung function (percent‐predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (ppFEV1), FEV1 z‐score, FEV1 quotient (FEV1Q), modified Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) categories or GOLD grades).ResultsAmong 2538 participants, 1387 died. The AUC for pre‐BD and post‐BD ppFEV1 to predict mortality were 60.8 and 61.8 (P = 0.005), respectively, at 20 years' follow‐up. The corresponding AUC for FEV1 z‐score were 58.5 and 60.4 (P < 0.001), for FEV1Q were 68.7 and 70.1 (P = 0.002) and for modified GOLD categories were 62.3 and 64.5 (P < 0.001). Among participants with COPD, the AUC for pre‐BD and post‐BD ppFEV1 were 57.0 and 58.8 (P < 0.001), respectively. The corresponding AUC for FEV1 z‐score were 53.1 and 55.8 (P < 0.001), for FEV1Q were 63.6 and 65.1 (P = 0.037) and for GOLD grades were 56.0 and 57.0 (P = 0.268).ConclusionMortality was better predicted by post‐BD than by pre‐BD lung function; however, they differed only by a small margin. The discrimination ability using GOLD grades among COPD participants was similar.
Cooling during exercise enhances performances, but the cooled body areas matter: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Douzi Wafa , Dugué Benoit , Vinches Ludwig , Al Sayed Chady , Hallé Stéphane , Bosquet Laurent , Dupuy Olivier 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionHyperthermia during exercise induces central and peripheral fatigue and impairs physical performance. To facilitate heat loss and optimize performance, athletes can hasten body cooling prior (pre‐cooling) or during (per‐cooling) exercise. However, it is unclear whether per‐cooling effect is the same on ‘aerobic’ and ‘anaerobic’ types of exercise (duration <75 and >76 seconds, respectively, according to Gastin [Sports Med 2001;31:725‐741]) and whether the body area that is cooled makes a difference.MethodsA literature search led to the identification of 1582 potential studies. Included studies had to include physical exercise with sufficient details on the type, duration, intensity, and provide valid performance measures and a cooling intervention administered during exercise with sufficient details on the type and site of application.ResultsForty‐five studies were included. Per‐cooling provides a performance benefit during ‘aerobic’ (standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.60, P < .001) and ‘anaerobic’ exercises (SMD = 0.27, P < .02). The effects were greater during aerobic compared to anaerobic exercises (P < .01). Internal cooling (cold fluid ingestion such as cold water and ice slurry/menthol beverage) and external cooling (face, neck, and torso) provide the greatest performance benefit for ‘aerobic’ performance with a moderate to large effect (0.46 < SMD < 1.24). For ‘anaerobic’ exercises, wearing a whole‐body cooling garment is the best way to enhance exercise performance (SMD = 0.39, P < .01).ConclusionPer‐cooling improves ‘aerobic’ and ‘anaerobic’ exercise performance with a greater benefit for ‘aerobic’ exercise. The magnitude of the effect depends on the type and site of the cooling application.
Neurologic patients and therapeutic plasma exchange: experience of one centre in Iran
Authors: Chegini Azita , Moghadami Mehran , Seraji Behnaz , Maghari Amirhossein 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesTherapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) is one of the effective methods of treating various diseases. This study is aimed at discerning the most prevalent TPE indications and accessing the effectiveness of TPE in curing neurological patients.Materials and MethodsDuring one year (2014‐2015), all referred neurologic patients, that is 250 cases, in this study had undergone therapeutic plasma exchange and were evaluated and the outcome (death or remission) was observed. We used comparison analysis, variance analysis of variables, t‐test (t‐student), chi‐square (chi‐two) and logistic regression. Statistical analysis performed with IBM statistics SPSS (ver.21).ResultsOut of these 250 neurologic patients, 118 (47·2%) were men, and 132 (52·8%) were women. 236 (94·4%) patients were cured: 111(47%) men and 125(53%) women. The most common diseases in our study were Guillain‐Barre syndrome (GBS) with 86 (34·4%) cases, Myasthenia gravis (MG) with 80 (32%) cases, Multiple sclerosis (MS) with 35 (14%) cases, respectively. Statistically, age is one of the effective variables in clinical improvement (P < 0·001). Admission in the intensive care unit (P = 0·001), level of consciousness (P = 0·001), requiring mechanical ventilation and respiratory conditions (P = 0·001) were also effective in recovery.ConclusionThe most common disease in our study was Guillain‐Barre syndrome (GBS). 33·6% (i.e. 84) of all patients were bedridden admitted in ICU who had 10 times less chance of recovery than patients admitted in the ward (P = 0·001). Among these neurologic patients, age, admission in intensive care unit, level of consciousness, requiring mechanical ventilation and respiratory conditions were significant in the treatment, statistically.
Platelet functionality in cold‐stored whole blood
Authors: Kristoffersen Einar K. , Apelseth Torunn Oveland 
Published: July 2019

Whole blood is currently being reintroduced as a blood product to be used in massive bleeding situations because it affords plasma, red cells and platelets in a balanced ratio and in a logistical advantageous way. Questions concerning the haemostatic potential of the platelets have arisen, especially in cold‐stored whole blood, as this is the major whole blood product in use. When reviewing current knowledge on this, there is an abundance of publications demonstrating that in vitro, platelets in cold‐stored whole blood have a haemostatic capacity up to 14 days, and even after 21 and 35 days of storage depending on type of additive solution. There is a paucity of data on clinical trials of cold‐stored platelets, whereas there is an abundance of previous clinical experience with whole blood, both cold‐stored and fresh, as an efficacious and safe product for use in pre‐ and in‐hospital patients with life‐threatening bleeding.
Toward Automatically Assessing the Novelty of Engineering Design Solutions
Authors: Siddharth L. , Madhusudanan N. , Chakrabarti Amaresh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We propose to automate the assessment of novelty during the early design stages, where the number of solution alternatives is high, and these alternatives are flexible. The novelty of a solution is measured as its distance from a reference product database. The distance is calculated by comparing the solution and a reference at different levels of abstraction, as defined by a casuality model called SAPPhIRE. The fundamental instrument of this comparison is a text similarity metric, which is integrated with the novelty score, a support for which is developed as an Android application, named IdeA-Novelty. The application of the algorithm upon 20 solutions reveals that the measurement is computationally expensive. The expert's ratings for the same solution set seem to vary drastically. We take this observation as the basis for an extensive discussion on novelty, an operational definition for which is proposed toward the end.