bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitness costs of phoretic nematodes in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: Wang Yin , Rozen Daniel E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNicrophorusvespilloides is a social beetle that rears its offspring on decomposing carrion. Wild beetles are frequently associated with two types of macrobial symbionts, mites, and nematodes. Although these organisms are believed to be phoretic commensals that harmlessly use beetles as a means of transfer between carcasses, the role of these symbionts on N. vespilloides fitness is poorly understood. Here, we show that nematodes have significant negative effects on beetle fitness across a range of worm densities and also quantify the density‐dependent transmission of worms between mating individuals and from parents to offspring. Using field‐caught beetles, we provide the first report of a new nematode symbiont in N. vespilloides, most closely related to Rhabditoides regina, and show that worm densities are highly variable across individuals isolated from nature but do not differ between males and females. Next, by inoculating mating females with increasing densities of nematodes, we show that worm infections significantly reduce brood size, larval survival, and larval mass, and also eliminate the trade‐off between brood size and larval mass. Finally, we show that nematodes are efficiently transmitted between mating individuals and from mothers to larvae, directly and indirectly via the carcass, and that worms persist through pupation. These results show that the phoretic nematode R. regina can be highly parasitic to burying beetles but can nevertheless persist because of efficient mechanisms of intersexual and intergenerational transmission. Phoretic species are exceptionally common and may cause significant harm to their hosts, even though they rely on these larger species for transmission to new resources. However, this harm may be inevitable and unavoidable if transmission of phoretic symbionts requires nematode proliferation. It will be important to determine the generality of our results for other phoretic associates of animals. It will equally be important to assess the fitness effects of phoretic species under changing resource conditions and in the field where diverse interspecific interactions may exacerbate or reduce the negative effects of phoresy.
Concentration dependence of in vitro biotransformation rates of hydrophobic organic sunscreen agents in rainbow trout S9 fractions: Implications for bioaccumulation assessment
Authors: Saunders Leslie J. , Fontanay Simon , Nichols John W. , Gobas Frank A.P.C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

In vitro biotransformation studies were performed to support the bioaccumulation assessment of 3 hydrophobic organic ultraviolet filters (UVFs), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and octocrylene. In vitro depletion rate constants (kdep) were determined for each UVF using rainbow trout liver S9 fractions. Incubations performed with and without added cofactors showed complete (4-MBC) or partial (EHMC and octocrylene) dependence of kdep on addition of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), suggesting that hydrolysis of EHMC and octocrylene by NADPH-independent enzymes (e.g., carboxylesterases) is an important metabolic route. The concentration dependence of kdep was then evaluated to estimate Michaelis–Menten parameters (KM and Vmax) for each UVF. Measured kdep values were then extrapolated to apparent whole-body biotransformation rate constants using an in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) model. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) calculated from kdep values measured at concentrations well below KM were closer to empirical BCFs than those calculated from kdep measured at higher test concentrations. Modeled BCFs were sensitive to in vitro binding assumptions employed in the IVIVE model, highlighting the need for further characterization of chemical binding effects on hepatic clearance. The results suggest that the tested UVFs are unlikely to accumulate to levels exceeding the European Union Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction regulation criterion for bioaccumulative substances (BCF &gt; 2000 L kg−1). However, consideration of appropriate in vitro test concentrations and binding correction factors are important when IVIVE methods are used to refine modeled BCFs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:548–560. © 2018 SETAC
Evaluation of the subtle effects and oxidative stress response of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol in Daphnia magna
Authors: Yuxuan Zhang , Peiyong Guo , Yanmei Wu , Xiaoyan Zhang , Meixian Wang , Simin Yang , Yinshi Sun , Jun Deng , Haitao Su 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Phenicol antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol, are commonly used in the veterinary and aquaculture fields to treat diseases and have frequently been detected in aquatic environments. Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the effects of phenicol antibiotics on aquatic nontarget species. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the long-term (21-d) influence on the reproduction and growth of and the acute (24-h) oxidative response and tissue damage in the crustacean Daphnia magna after exposure to phenicol drugs, including their environmental concentrations. The results indicate that D. magna exposed to florfenicol are likely to cause more adverse effects than those exposed to chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol over long-term (21-d) exposures. Furthermore, changes in biochemical biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) induced by individual and mixtures of phenicol antibiotics were also observed. Low concentrations of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol + florfenicol, and chloramphenicol + thiamphenicol significantly increased the MDA levels of D. magna after 24-h exposures, causing cellular oxidative damage in the animals. In addition, discrepancies between CAT activities and GSH levels were observed, underscoring the need to evaluate multiple indicators of oxidative stress in toxicological studies using D. magna as a model. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:575–584. © 2018 SETAC
Chronic toxicity of major ion salts and their mixtures to Ceriodaphnia dubia
Authors: Mount David R. , Erickson Russell J. , Forsman Brandy B. , Highland Terry L. , Hockett J. Russell , Hoff Dale J. , Jenson Correne T. , Norberg-King Teresa J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

In previous work we intensively studied the acute responses of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia to major geochemical ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, SO42–, and HCO3–/CO32–), culminating in the development of models to predict acute toxicity from ionic composition. To quantitatively evaluate whether the toxicological behavior of major ions observed for C. dubia extends to chronic toxicity, we conducted 58 chronic toxicity tests with individual major salts and binary mixtures thereof. Chronic responses paralleled those demonstrated previously for acute exposure, specifically 1) similar relative toxicity of individual salts; 2) different Na salts showing similar potency when exposure is expressed as osmolarity; 3) toxicity of Mg, Ca, and K salts related to cation activity; 4) decreased toxicity of Na and Mg salts when Ca activity is increased at less than toxic concentrations; 5) additive behavior for salt mixtures sharing a common cation; and 6) independent behavior for salt mixtures with dissimilar cations, except Mg/Ca mixtures which appeared additive. Acute-to-chronic ratios were fairly consistent among salts, with values of approximately 1.8 for acute 50% lethal concentration (LC50) to chronic 50% effect concentration (EC50) and 2.8 for LC50/EC20 when expressed on an activity basis. Adjusting the previous acute toxicity model for acute-to-chronic ratios yielded chronic models that predict chronic toxicity within the range of intertest variability. Because these models are informed by a wide range of ion mixtures, they should provide robust assessment tools for natural waters enriched with major ions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:769–783. © Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America
Geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks associated with Baghu gold deposit in the Neotethyan Torud‐Chah Shirin segment, Northern Iran
Authors: Niroomand Shojaeddin , Lentz David R. , Sepidbar Fatemeh , Tajeddin Hossein Ali , Hassanzadeh Jamshid , Mirnejad Hassan 
Published: December 2018

The Baghu gold deposit, hosted by a granitoid stock as well as volcanic rocks, is located in Northern Iran. The igneous rocks consist of granodiorite and granite as well as volcanic rocks, such as basaltic andesite and andesite, which are cut by dioritic dykes. The igneous rocks have metaluminous, high K calc‐alkaline, and island‐arc signatures, characterized by enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depletion in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs). Zircon separates yield U–Pb ages of 47, 43, and 38 Ma for the volcanics, granitoid rocks, and dyke, respectively, indicating that the magmatism associated with gold–copper mineralization occurred during the Eocene. The low Ba/Th, Th/Nb, Ba/La, and Th/Yb ratios in igneous rocks indicate that their mantle source was not likely modified by subduction activity. A comparison of La/Sm against La (ppm), similar Th/Nb and Th/Yb, and average (La/Yb)n ratios to the crust and lower continental crust (LCC) suggests that the magmatism in the Baghu was likely associated with partial melting of juvenile lower crust, induced by north‐westward subduction of the Neo‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere in an extensional setting.
Distinct roles of brain activity and somatotopic representation in pathophysiology of focal dystonia
Authors: Uehara Kazumasa , Furuya Shinichi , Numazawa Hidemi , Kita Kahori , Sakamoto Takashi , Hanakawa Takashi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTwo main neural mechanisms including loss of cortical inhibition and maladaptive plasticity have been thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of focal task‐specific dystonia. Such loss of inhibition and maladaptive plasticity likely correspond to cortical overactivity and disorganized somatotopy, respectively. However, the most plausible mechanism of focal task‐specific dystonia remains unclear. To address this question, we assessed brain activity and somatotopic representations of motor‐related brain areas using functional MRI and behavioral measurement in healthy instrumentalists and patients with embouchure dystonia as an example of focal task‐specific dystonia. Dystonic symptoms were measured as variability of fundamental frequency during long tone playing. We found no significant differences in brain activity between the embouchure dystonia and healthy wind instrumentalists in the motor‐related areas. Assessment of somatotopy, however, revealed significant differences in the somatotopic representations of the mouth area for the right somatosensory cortex between the two groups. Multiple‐regression analysis revealed brain activity in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, cerebellum, and putamen was significantly associated with variability of fundamental frequency signals representing dystonic symptoms. Conversely, somatotopic representations in motor‐related brain areas were not associated with variability of fundamental frequency signals in embouchure dystonia. The present findings suggest that abnormal motor‐related network activity and aberrant somatotopy correlate with different aspects of mechanisms underlying focal task‐specific dystonia.
Hypopharyngeal carcinoma: Do you know your guidelines?
Authors: Kwon Daniel I. , Miles Brett A. ,   Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS)
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively rare, representing approximately 3% of all head and neck malignancies. It also is characterized by having one of the worst prognoses at time of diagnosis. This is largely due to its tendency for late presentation.MethodsThis article will review current literature including as well as the National Comprehensive NCCN Guidelines Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer.ResultsHypopharyngeal cancer often presents in an advanced stage and its prognosis is notoriously poor. Treatment goals are similar to other carcinomas of the head and neck and treatment typically involves multiple modalities including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Organ sparing nonsurgical therapy has shown comparable survival outcomes to surgery in early stage hypopharyngeal cancer.ConclusionTreating hypopharyngeal cancer remains a challenging prospect for the head and neck oncologist. A multidisciplinary approach is essential due to the necessity of combined therapy treatment protocols. There is opportunity for novel treatments and prospective trials to improve outcomes in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Disease prevention by targeting environmental risk factors is likely to have the greatest impact in this disease.
An improved machine learning technique based on downsized KPCA for Alzheimer's disease classification
Authors: Neffati Syrine , Ben Abdellafou Khaoula , Jaffel Ines , Taouali Okba , Bouzrara Kais 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is a very serious illness that cannot be cured, but the early diagnosis allows precautionary measures to be taken. The current used methods to detect Alzheimer's disease are based on tests of cognitive impairment, which does not provide an exact diagnosis before the patient passes a moderate stage of AD. In this article, a novel classifier of brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) based on the new downsized kernel principal component analysis (DKPCA) and multiclass support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. The suggested scheme classifies AD MRIs. First, a multiobjective optimization technique is used to determine the optimal parameter of the kernel function in order to ensure good classification results and to minimize the number of retained principle components simultaneously. The optimal parameter is used to build the optimized DKPCA model. Second, DKPCA is applied to normalized features. Downsized features are then fed to the classifier to output the prediction. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, DKPCA was tested using synthetic data to demonstrate its efficiency on dimensionality reduction, then the DKPCA based technique was tested on the OASIS MRI database and the results were satisfactory compared to conventional approaches.
LncRNA‐PCAT‐1 promotes non–small cell lung cancer progression by regulating miR‐149‐5p/LRIG2 axis
Authors: Li Jie , Li Yingjie , Wang Bin , Ma Yongfu , Chen Ping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key players in the development and progression of human cancers. The lncRNA PCAT‐1 has been shown to be upregulated in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its role and molecular mechanisms in NSCLC cell progression remain unclear. Here, we found that the higher expression of PCAT‐1 led to a significantly poorer survival time, and multivariate analysis revealed that PCAT‐1 was an independent risk factor of prognosis in NSCLC. Furthermore, we also found that the knockdown of PCAT‐1 remarkably suppressed cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis promotion in NSCLC cells. Moreover, the bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that PCAT‐1 directly bound to the miR‐149‐5p, which has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor in diverse cancers. In addition, our results confirmed that the tumor‐promoting effects of PCAT‐1 in NSCLC cells are at least partly through negative modulation of miR‐149‐5p. Finally, mechanistic investigations showed that PCAT‐1 upregulated the expression of miR‐149‐5p target gene leucine‐rich repeats and immunoglobulin (Ig)‐like domains 2 (LRIG2) through competitively “spongeing” miR‐149‐5p. Therefore, we concluded that PCAT‐1 may promote the development of NSCLC through the miR‐149‐5p/LRIG2 axis.
Elevated S100A4 in asthmatics and an allergen‐induced mouse asthma model
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Qu Dongming , Liang Yue , Huang Qinghua , Li Mengze , Hou Changchun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe elevated S100A4 level has been found in some inflammatory diseases. However, the expression and role of S100A4 in asthma is unknown. The expression of S100A4 in induced sputum and plasma from healthy control and asthmatics were assessed by ELISA. Then an allergen‐induced asthma mouse model treatment with anti‐S100A4 antibody was used to explore the role of S100A4 in the pathogenesis of asthma. The S100A4 levels in sputum not in plasma in asthmatics were significantly increased than those of healthy controls and were negatively correlated with some lung function parameters and were positively correlated with sputum eosinophilia and lymphocyte. The expression of S100A4 in the lung as well as in BALF were also significantly higher in the asthma mouse model and treatment with anti‐S100A4 antibody exhibited reductions in inflammatory cell accumulation, inflammatory mediators, and airway hyper‐responsiveness. We further showed that LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, markedly decreased S100A4 expression in lung and S100A4 secretion in BALF in asthmatic mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that S100A4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in asthma.
Mental health symptoms and the reintegration difficulty of military couples following deployment: A longitudinal application of the relational turbulence model
Authors: Knobloch Leanne K. , Knobloch‐Fedders Lynne M. , Yorgason Jeremy B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding the factors that predict the reintegration difficulty of military couples during the postdeployment transition has important implications for theory, research, and practice. Building on the logic of the relational turbulence model, this paper evaluates the relationship processes of reunion uncertainty and reintegration interference from a partner as mediators of the connection between people's mental health symptoms and their difficulty with reintegration after deployment.MethodDyadic longitudinal data were collected from 555 US military couples once per month for 8 consecutive months.ResultsFindings mapped the trajectory of reintegration difficulty and suggested reunion uncertainty and reintegration interference from a partner as mediators of the link between people's depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms and the magnitude of their reintegration difficulty.ConclusionThese results highlight relationship processes as a key domain of intervention to preserve the well‐being of military couples during the postdeployment transition.
Coexpression of UCA1 and ITGA2in pancreatic cancer cells target the expression of miR‐107 through focal adhesion pathway
Authors: Gong Jun , Lu Xiangyu , Xu Jian , Xiong Wei , Zhang Hao , Yu Xiaojiong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesAbnormal expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) are demonstrated in pancreatic cancer (PaC), but a major part of the mechanism remains elusive. This study mainly aimed to structure a coexpressed network of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) in PaC, as well as to explore their direct targets.MethodsLncRNA and mRNA microarrays were used to determine the expression profiles in PaC cells. Analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway was performed to identify pathways associated with differentially expressed mRNAs. Coexpression profiles were identified by constructing differentially expressed lncRNA‐mRNA regulatory network and further validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay and western blot assay. The bioinformatics computational method was applied to predict the biological target of lncRNA and mRNA, which was identified by luciferase reporter assay. Migration/invasion ability and apoptosis rate of cells were assessed by transwell assay and flow cytometry assay.ResultsIt was identified that the level of urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) was increased in PaC cells, and the inhibition of UCA1 suppressed migration and invasion ability of the cancer cells. The luciferase reporter assay recognized that miR‐107 was targeted by UCA1, and integrin subunit α 2 (ITGA2) was further targeted by miR‐107. This confirmed the prediction of lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulation mechanism. In the regulatory pathways, UCA1 and ITGA2 promoted PaC progression via focal adhesion pathway related proteins such as ITGA3, SRC protooncogene/nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, protein tyrosine kinase 2, and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1.ConclusionThe study revealed a regulatory network of UCA1‐miR‐107‐ITGA2 and validated UCA1 and ITGA2 as potential prognostic factors for PaC.
Retracted: Long noncoding RNA PCA3 regulates prostate cancer through sponging miR‐218‐5p and modulating high mobility group box 1
Authors: Zhang Guoxian , He Xiangfei , Ren Chuanchuan , Lin Juntang , Wang Qingwei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) in prostate cancer (PCa) via regulating the miR‐218‐5p/high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) axis.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to divide differentially expressed lncRNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNA (mRNAs). The mRNA expressions of lncRNA PCA3, miR‐218‐5p, and HMGB1 were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell propagation was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay and the apoptotic rate was examined by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were observed through the wound healing assay and transwell assay. Target relationships among PCA3, miR‐218‐5p, and HMGB1 were validated via dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. A nude mouse model in vivo was designed to evaluate the effect of PCA3 on prostate tumor growth.ResultsPCA3 and HMGB1 were high‐expressed in PCa, whereas miR‐218‐5p was low‐expressed. PCA3 knockdown or miR‐218‐5p overexpression suppressed PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted apoptosis. Besides, targeted relationships and interactions on the expression between miR‐218‐5p and PCA3 or HMGB1 were elucidated. PCA3 weakened cell viability and mobility whereas induced apoptosis through binding with miR‐218‐5p. Meanwhile, miR‐218‐5p also inhibited PCa tumorigenesis via downregulation of HMGB1. Knockdown of PCA3 impeded tumor growth by downregulating its downstream gene HMGB1.ConclusionslncRNA PCA3 facilitated PCa progression through sponging miR‐218‐5p and regulating HMGB1.