bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis in an alkaline pH range improves the identification of intracellular CFDA‐cisplatin‐protein adducts in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Kotz Sandra , Kullmann Maximilian , Kalayda Ganna V. , Dyballa‐Rukes Nadine , Jaehde Ulrich , Metzger Sabine 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntracellular binding of cisplatin to proteins has been associated with acquired resistance to chemotherapy. In our previous study we established an analytical method for the identification of intracellular cisplatin‐binding proteins. The method used a fluorescent carboxyfluorescein‐diacetate‐labeled cisplatin analogue (CFDA‐cisplatin), two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry, which allows detecting and identifying intracellular CFDA‐cisplatin‐containing protein adducts in the acidic pH range (pH 4–7). Based on this analytical method we extended the identification of intracellular cisplatin‐protein adducts to the alkaline pH range (pH 6–10) giving chance to discover new important binding partners. 2DE analysis of alkaline proteins is challenging due to the difficult separation of basic proteins during the isoelectric focusing (IEF). The establishment of an optimized IEF protocol for basic proteins enabled us to identify several intracellular CFDA‐cisplatin‐binding proteins including enzymes of the glucose and serine metabolism like alpha enolase and D‐3‐phosphoglycerate 1‐dehydrogenase.
Development of a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method for analysis of pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate and its impurities
Authors: Fouad Mansour Marwa , Assefa Micheal , El‐Khouly Ahmed , Zhu Peixi , Van Schepdael Ann , Adams Erwin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSince no proper method is available in literature for the analysis of pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate, a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for specificity, sensitivity, linearity, precision and accuracy. Nine potential related substances and forced degradation products could be successfully separated from the main peak. The separation was achieved on a Polaris C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of 20 mM ammonium formate in 0.65% formic acid – acetonitrile (98.8:1.2, v/v). Isocratic elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and the analytes were detected by UV at 240 nm. The volatile mobile phase allowed also direct coupling to an ion‐trap mass spectrometer with a positive electrospray ionization source to characterize unknown peaks in the chromatogram. The method can be used for quality control purposes as required by regulatory authorities to ensure the product's safety and efficacy.
Reconsidering the income‐health relationship using distributional regression
Authors: Silbersdorff Alexander , Lynch Julia , Klasen Stephan , Kneib Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe reconsider the relationship between income and health taking a distributional perspective rather than one centered on conditional expectation. Using structured additive distributional regression, we find that the association between income and health is larger than generally estimated because aspects of the conditional health distribution that go beyond the expectation imply worse outcomes for those with lower incomes. Looking at German data from the Socio‐Economic Panel, we find that the risk of bad health is roughly halved when doubling the net equivalent income from 15,000 to 30,000€. This is more than tenfold of the magnitude of change found when considering expected health measures. A distributional perspective thus highlights another dimension of the income–health relation—that the poor are in particular faced with greater health risk at the lower end of the health distribution. We therefore argue that when studying health outcomes, a distributional approach that considers stochastic variation among observationally equivalent individuals is warranted.
Effect of hydrogeomorphic setting on calcareous fen hydrology
Authors: Duval Tim P. , Waddington James Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCalcareous fens are species‐rich peatlands that are dependent on minerotrophic water sources for wetland functioning, with current conceptual models suggesting the water source is ubiquitously groundwater upwelling. By quantifying the water balance and subsurface water flow paths and fluxes over 3 growing seasons for calcareous fens in 3 different hydrogeomorphic settings (Riparian, Trough, and Basin), we show evidence that challenges this conceptual model. The Riparian Fen received an order of magnitude more water inputs than the Trough or Basin Fens and was dominated by stream recharge inputs and groundwater outputs. Precipitation and evaporation dominated the water balance of the Trough Fen whereas only the Basin Fen received sizeable groundwater inputs. Indeed, subsurface water fluxes were low at all fens due to weak hydraulic gradients and low saturated hydraulic conductivity in some areas of each wetland, though variations in growing season precipitation led to subsurface flow reversals in all 3 fens. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding landscape position, or hydrogeomorphic setting, on calcareous fen hydrology for improving conservation, management, and restoration efforts of these important ecosystems.
Spatio‐temporal tracer variability in the glacier melt end‐member — How does it affect hydrograph separation results?
Authors: Schmieder Jan , Garvelmann Jakob , Marke Thomas , Strasser Ulrich 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGeochemical and isotopic tracers were often used in mixing models to estimate glacier melt contributions to streamflow, whereas the spatio‐temporal variability in the glacier melt tracer signature and its influence on tracer‐based hydrograph separation results received less attention. We present novel tracer data from a high‐elevation catchment (17 km2, glacierized area: 34%) in the Oetztal Alps (Austria) and investigated the spatial, as well as the subdaily to monthly tracer variability of supraglacial meltwater and the temporal tracer variability of winter baseflow to infer groundwater dynamics. The streamflow tracer variability during winter baseflow conditions was small, and the glacier melt tracer variation was higher, especially at the end of the ablation period. We applied a three‐component mixing model with electrical conductivity and oxygen‐18. Hydrograph separation (groundwater, glacier melt, and rain) was performed for 6 single glacier melt‐induced days (i.e., 6 events) during the ablation period 2016 (July to September). Median fractions (±uncertainty) of groundwater, glacier melt, and rain for the events were estimated at 49±2%, 35±11%, and 16±11%, respectively. Minimum and maximum glacier melt fractions at the subdaily scale ranged between 2±5% and 76±11%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis showed that the intraseasonal glacier melt tracer variability had a marked effect on the estimated glacier melt contribution during events with large glacier melt fractions of streamflow. Intra‐daily and spatial variation of the glacier melt tracer signature played a negligible role in applying the mixing model. The results of this study (a) show the necessity to apply a multiple sampling approach in order to characterize the glacier melt end‐member and (b) reveal the importance of groundwater and rainfall–runoff dynamics in catchments with a glacial flow regime.
Evaluation of the Fao‐56 Methodology For Estimating Maize Water Requirements Under Deficit And Full Irrigation Regimes In Semiarid Northeastern Colorado
Authors: Cid Patricio , Taghvaeian Saleh , Hansen Neil C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeficit irrigation (DI), where water is applied in amounts of less than what is required to meet crop water demand, seems to be one of the most effective ways to save irrigation water. However, DI practices are usually associated with higher levels of risk of yield penalizations. To minimize risk, accurate irrigation scheduling must be performed based on reliable soil water content (SWC) and crop water demand information. The goal was to determine whether a modelling approach based on the FAO‐56 routine could be used to quantify maize evapotranspiration under drought and full irrigation conditions during three growing seasons in semiarid northeastern Colorado, USA. Maize ET estimations with FAO‐56 were compared with actual values obtained running a root zone water balance where weather data, irrigation data, and values of SWC were used. Irrigation shortage (50, 54 and 19%) reduced ET in 2008, 2009, and 2010 (27, 34 and 14%). Irrigation water productivity increased as irrigation decreased. FAO‐56 estimations were satisfactory but tended to overestimate ET. Averaged seasonal water use root mean square error never exceeded 0.89 mm day‐1 for any treatment and season studied. Factors contributing to the performance of the FAO‐56 procedure are also discussed. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrite stress disrupts the structural integrity and induces oxidative stress response in the intestines of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Duan Yafei , Zhang Jiasong , Wang Yun , Liu Qingsong , Xiong Dalin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe acute toxicity of nitrite on the mucosal morphology and oxidative stress response was investigated in the intestines of Litopenaeus vannamei after the exposure of 20 mg/L nitrite for 72 hr. The duration of nitrite stress influenced the shrimp survival, and the cumulative mortality rate was 36.7% at 72 hr. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain showed that nitrite stress damaged the intestine connective and epithelium tissue. Specifically, nitrite stress increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (O2− generation capacity), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased first, then catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased to the highest at 24 and 12 hr, respectively. The relative expression level of antioxidant genes including heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), ferritin, and thioredoxin (Trx) increased to the highest at 6, 12, and 48 hr respectively. After exposure to nitrite stress for 72 hr, the levels of antioxidant enzymes activity and genes expression all decreased. These results revealed that nitrite stress harmed the intestine barrier of L. vannamei by damaging the mucosal structure, inducing the oxidative stress, and confusing the antioxidant status.
On minimum bisection and related cut problems in trees and tree‐like graphs
Authors: Fernandes Cristina G. , Schmidt Tina Janne , Taraz Anusch 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMinimum bisection denotes the NP‐hard problem to partition the vertex set of a graph into two sets of equal sizes while minimizing the width of the bisection, which is defined as the number of edges between these two sets. It is intuitively clear that graphs with a somewhat linear structure are easy to bisect, and therefore our aim is to relate the minimum bisection width of a bounded‐degree graph G to a parameter that measures the similarity between G and a path. First, for trees, we use the diameter and show that the minimum bisection width of every tree T on n vertices satisfies . Second, we generalize this to arbitrary graphs with a given tree decomposition and give an upper bound on the minimum bisection width that depends on how close is to a path decomposition. Moreover, we show that a bisection satisfying our general bound can be computed in time proportional to the encoding length of the tree decomposition when the latter is provided as input.
Insemination, intrafollicular fertilization and development of the fertilization plug during gestation in Heterandria formosa (Poeciliidae)
Authors: Uribe Mari Carmen , Grier Harry J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe viviparous teleost Heterandria formosa is a remarkable species for its reproductive characters including: (a) the smallest oocyte in viviparous fish species; (b) a high level of matrotrophy with a complex placenta; and (c) the highest level of superfetation. Superfetation involves (d) the continuous development of oocytes and fertilization at the same time with embryos in gestation. The sequential fertilization of oocytes requires (e) storage of spermatozoa in the ovary. Among these characteristics, fertilization is of fundamental interest, specifically the intrafollicular fertilization of poeciliids, species that do not present micropyle, and the consequent formation of the fertilization plug, a structure developed at the periphery of the follicle where the entrance of spermatozoa occurs. Both processes intrafollicular fertilization and formation of the fertilization plug have been rarely described. There is only one study illustrating, the fertilization plug of H. formosa with a drawing. In the context of reproductive aspects of H. formosa, the goal of this study is to describe the morphology of the ovary during insemination, intrafollicular fertilization and development of the fertilization plug. After insemination, spermatozoa enter the ovary and occupy folds of the lamella near follicles of all stages of oogenesis, the delle, where the germinal epithelium establishes contact with the follicular epithelium. The results of the present study provide evidence that both epithelia open at the distal end of the delle, this morphological change allow that the spermatozoa to make contact with the zona pellucida of the oocyte. After fertilization, the delle becomes blocked by proliferation of cells of the germinal epithelium, to form the fertilization plug that persists throughout gestation. Abundant reticular fibers and blood vessels are seen around the fertilization plug. Persistence of the fertilization plug suggests that it could be the site where the juvenile will gain entrance to the ovarian lumen during birth.
Teams in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments: Review and integration
Authors: Golden Simon J. , Chang Chu‐Hsiang (Daisy) , Kozlowski Steve W.J. 
Published: April 2018

SummarySoon there will be a small but growing workforce beyond near‐Earth orbit, conducting explorations to asteroids, the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Space teams will be subject to difficult working conditions, persistent dangers, and a wide range of challenging stressors. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and other entities have sponsored research on teams in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments such as the Antarctic, the Arctic, and dedicated space simulations because they represent a reasonable “analog” to the kind of working and living conditions in space. The aim of this integrative review is to compile and organize the ICE literature on the basis of concepts from the team effectiveness literature to identify what we know and, most importantly, what we need to know—how ICE team research needs to advance—to support the future workforce in space and in other extreme environments (e.g., polar, deep sea, and high‐altitude exploration). This effort helped us identify important findings and themes surrounding how team members cope with the extreme conditions. We conclude by discussing explanations for the persistence of gaps, providing recommendations, and offering directions for future research.
Characterization of graphene grown on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at ambient pressure conditions
Authors: Cazzanelli Enzo , De Luca Oreste , Vuono Danilo , Policicchio Alfonso , Castriota Marco , Desiderio Giovanni , De Santo Maria Penelope , Aloise Alfredo , Fasanella Angela , Rugiero Tania , Agostino Raffaele Giuseppe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the aim to get high quality graphene films, with large domains and free from impurities, minimizing also the manufacturing costs, we investigate the graphene grown on copper (Cu) foil by chemical vapor deposition at ambient pressure conditions, by using methane (CH4) as carbon source, diluted in a suitable mixture of argon (Ar) and hydrogen (H2). Several graphene samples were synthesized, for variable exposure times to hydrocarbon precursor, in the range from 1 min to 1 hr. The quality of the graphene films and their structural, morphological, and electronic properties were evaluated by micro‐Raman spectroscopy and other techniques, including, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electronic microscopy. In particular, samples obtained with shorter growth time (less than 10 min) exhibit a non‐uniform coverage of the Cu surface, whereas those synthesized with exposure time between 10 and 30 min show a prevalence of well‐ordered monolayer graphene domains. For longer deposition, the amount of disordered domains increases, as revealed by Raman analysis, and the resulting film shows a nonself‐limiting growth behavior for chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric conditions. In addition, we observed 2 kinds of monolayer graphene, in terms of coupling with the Cu surface, for the samples synthesized between 10 and 30 min. To the best of our knowledge, “coupled” and “decoupled” graphene regions have never been reported at the same time on Cu surface. Furthermore, a Raman statistical analysis has been performed on the G and 2D bands measured in both the kinds of regions, gaining evidence of a bimodal behavior for the graphene spots, corresponding to “coupled” and “decoupled” configurations. This difference, which is appreciable also by the optical microscopy inspection, could be related to the local Cu oxidation and to oxygen intercalation after graphene growth.
Detection of allergenic additives in processed meat products
Authors: Spychaj Anita , Pospiech Edward , Iwańska Ewa , Montowska Magdalena 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAllergic responses to food components are an increasing problem all over the world. It is therefore important to protect people who are vulnerable to food allergens against accidental and unintended consumption of products containing allergic ingredients. The meat industry commonly uses various allergic additives in the production of processed products, such as legumes (soy, peas, beans), milk and egg preparations, cereals containing gluten (wheat, rye, barley and oats), and spices (celery and mustard). These meat additives have specific technological properties, which help to create a texture or flavor profile, or affect the nutritional value, although some of them, such as soy, mustard, milk and egg white proteins, can cause severe allergic reactions.The aim of this paper is to discuss the application of various recently established methods of detection of allergenic additives in processed meat products – for instance cold cuts and sausages. The new methods are based mainly on protein, DNA, and isoflavones or phytic acid analysis. The article also characterizes the latest trends in the development of research on methods that would enable quick and reliable identification of targeted allergens in meat products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Rare earth elements concentration in mushroom cultivation substrates affects the production process and fruit‐bodies content of Pleurotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea
Authors: Koutrotsios Georgios , Danezis Georgios P , Georgiou Constantinos A , Zervakis Georgios I 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDConcentrations of 16 rare earth elements (REEs) and two actinides were determined for the first time both in cultivated mushrooms and in their production substrates by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of REEs on cultivation parameters and composition of the final product was assessed, together with their potential use for authentication purposes.RESULTSThe concentrations of REEs varied greatly among seven cultivation substrates and correlated with measurements in Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms; no such correlation was established in Pleurotus ostreatus. Reduction of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in substrates during P. ostreatus cultivation was positively correlated with REE concentrations, which also affected the production performance depending on the species examined. In all cases, a negative correlation was established between bioconcentration factors (BCF) in mushrooms and REE content in substrates, while the effect of substrate composition on BCF values varied according to the element studied. The estimated daily intake values of REEs through mushroom consumption was at much lower levels than those reported as potentially harmful for human health.CONCLUSIONThe content of REEs in cultivation substrates and in mushrooms revealed that the bioaccumulation of elements differed in each fungus. The nature/origin of substrates seemed to affect the concentration of REEs in mushrooms to a considerable extent. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of five high‐purity iridoid glycosides from Gardenia jasminoides Eills by molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction integrated with preparative liquid chromatography
Authors: Chen Lizong , Wang Rongyu , Cui Li , Wang Xiao , Wang Leilei , Song Fanyong , Ji Wenhua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFive iridoid glycosides were prepared using molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction combined with preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized using α‐1‐allyl‐2‐N‐acetyl glucosamine, which introduced an abundance of hydrophilic groups into the polymers. Using molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction as the sample pretreatment procedure, five iridoid glycosides, gardenoside, geniposide, shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, and genipin‐1‐O‐gentiobioside, were selectively enriched from Gardenia fructus extracts. Preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography then provided iridoid glycosides with a purity >98%. The structures were elucidated by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical rotation and melting point measurements, and mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction combined with preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography was an efficient, rapid, and economical method for the preparation of bioactive compounds from natural products.
An integrated multipath liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry system for the simultaneous preparation, separation, and detection of proteins and small molecules
Authors: Kalu Appulage Dananjaya , Wang Evelyn H. , Figard Benjamin J. , Schug Kevin A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA multipath liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry instrument was constructed with the help of restricted access media to online segregate small and large molecules. This liquid chromatography system was custom built with five pumps and three two‐position six‐port valves to control the flow in a multipath system for the simultaneous analysis of small molecules and proteins. On separate chromatographic channels, small molecules trapped and proteins excluded from the online restricted access media were analyzed downstream using high‐efficiency columns and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. A model sample, which included five proteins and 22 small molecules with different physicochemical properties, was used to evaluate the system. Following injection, the complete multipath separation and detection was performed in 22 min. Protein exclusion by the restricted access media was not quantitative. Four commercial trap columns were evaluated for their exclusion efficiency toward the proteins. Exclusion efficiency varied from <50% to only a maximum of 75% exclusion across the trap columns tested. An attempt was made to optimize the exclusion efficiency using different flow rates, flow rate gradients, and different additives both in the sample and the mobile phases. Protein exclusion was still erratic and generally nonquantitative.