bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spleen‐Targeted mRNA Nanoparticles for Modulating B Cell Hyperactivation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Liu Yanpeng , Zhang Runnan , Qiu Nasha , Wang Shuai , Chen Jian , Xu Xiao , Xiang Jiajia , Shen Youqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA)‐based therapies have emerged as a revolutionary strategy for treating various diseases. In autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), targeted mRNA delivery provides a potential intervention to modulate immune responses. However, achieving specific and efficient in vivo modulation of immune regulators, such as the inhibitory Fc gamma receptor, FcγRIIB, on B cells remains challenging. In this study, lipid polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) formulated with AMB‐POC18 lipidoid and poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐polylactide (PEG‐PLA) are engineered to deliver FcγRIIB mRNA (mFcγRIIB) specifically to splenic B cells for RA treatment. Protein corona analysis indicated that selective adsorption of complement C3 on the LPNs' surface facilitated their targeted delivery to the spleen, enhancing transfection efficiency in B cells following intravenous administration. In a collagen‐induced arthritis mouse model, mFcγRIIB/LPNs effectively upregulated FcγRIIB expression in splenic B cells, significantly reducing autoimmune responses and alleviating RA symptoms. Further mechanistic studies elucidated that increased FcγRIIB expression suppressed B cell activation via the FcγRIIB/Lyn/SHP‐1 signaling pathway. This work underscored the potential of the spleen‐targeted mRNA delivery system for RA therapy, providing a precise and targeted approach to modulate B cell activity and mitigate autoimmune diseases.
Field‐Free Perpendicular Magnetic Memory Driven by Out‐of‐Plane Spin‐Orbit Torques
Authors: Liang Shixuan , Chen Aitian , Han Lei , Bai Hua , Chen Chong , Huang Lin , Ma Mingyuan , Pan Feng , Zhang Xixiang , Song Cheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMagnetic memory based on spin‐orbit torque (SOT) is a promising candidate for the next‐generation storage devices. Materials that generate out‐of‐plane spin polarization (σz) are highly desired and actively pursued as the SOT generator, due to its ability to achieve field‐free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization. However, integrating σz into perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction for efficient data writing is not realized. Here, utilizing σz from antiferromagnetic spin Hall effect in Mn2Au, σz‐enabled field‐free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions is realized demonstrating a magnetic memory with both writing and reading electrically. The tunnel magnetoresistance ratio achieves 66% with a critical current density of 5.6 × 106 A cm−2 at room temperature. Such field‐free fully SOT switching is further directly confirmed by domain imaging via magneto‐optical Kerr effect microscopy. In addition to enabling field‐free switching, σz is proposed to assist ultrafast and more efficient switching of perpendicular magnetization compared with conventional in‐planes ones, based on simulations. This research advances the application of out‐of‐plane SOTs and paves the way for high‐density, high‐speed, and low‐power magnetic memory.
Promoting the Potassium Storage of 2D Layered Indium Sulfide Through Zinc Incorporation and MXene Coupling
Authors: Ma Liuyuan , Hu Junping , Deng Chengjiang , Mei Peng , Han Xiaoyan , Ba Haocun , Li Zihao , Zhang Daohong , Huang Shaozhuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetal sulfides have garnered lots of attention as prospective anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), yet their practical application is hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics and structural degradation during cycling. Herein, a two‐dimensional layered indium sulfide (In1.95S3) is reported for the first time with strategic zinc incorporation (ZnIn2S4) and MXene coupling, aiming at addressing these challenges. The ZnIn2S4/MXene (ZIS/MXene) heterostructure features vertically aligned ZIS nanoflakes on MXene nanosheets, rendering high K+ accessibility, rapid electron transport, and robust structural integrity. The water/glycerin molecule intercalation and strong interfacial coupling between ZIS and MXene induce significant interlayer spacing expansion, facilitating efficient K+ diffusion. Furthermore, the zinc incorporation notably reinforces the thermal stability, narrows the bandgap, and lowers the K+ diffusion barrier, as corroborated by experimental data and theoretical simulations. These improvements confer the ZIS/MXene anode with high reversible capacity (424.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate performance (185.2 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and outstanding durability (84.8% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1). In situ and ex situ characterizations reveal that the ZIS/MXene anode follows a multistep intercalation‐conversion‐alloying reaction mechanism, accompanied by a highly reversible nanoflakes to nanodots morphological transformation.
Laser‐Assisted Micropatterned 3D Printed Scaffolds with Customizable Surface Topography and Porosity for Modulation of Cell Function
Authors: Aboal‐Castro Lucia , Radziunas‐Salinas Yago , Pita‐Vilar Maria , Carnero Bastian , Mikos Antonios G. , Alvarez‐Lorenzo Carmen , Flores‐Arias Maria Teresa , Diaz‐Gomez Luis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe dynamic interaction between cells and their substrate is a cornerstone of biomaterial‐based tissue regeneration focused on unraveling the complex factors that govern this crucial relationship. A key challenge is translating physical cues from 2D to 3D due to limitations in current biofabrication techniques. In response, this study introduces an innovative approach that combines additive and subtractive manufacturing for precise surface patterning of 3D printed scaffolds. Using poly(𝜀‐caprolactone) as the scaffold material, polymeric fibers are 3D printed and subsequently laser‐engraved with femtosecond laser to precisely create controlled microtopographies, including microgrooves (10 and 80 µm in width) and micropits (25 µm in diameter). Testing shows that the process does not compromise the mechanical properties of the fibers, which is critical for structural applications in tissue engineering. Human mesenchymal stem cells are used to investigate the effects of these topographical features on cell behavior. The 10 µm wide microgrooves notably enhance cell attachment, with cells aligning in elongated forms along the grooves, while micropits and unpatterned surfaces promote polygonal cell shapes. This combined approach demonstrates that precisely engineered microtopographies on 3D printed scaffolds can better mimic the natural extracellular matrix, improving cellular responses and offering a promising strategy for advancing tissue regeneration.
Spatiotemporal Programmability of 3D Chiral Color Units Driven by Ink Spontaneous Diffusion toward Customized Printing
Authors: Yang Wenjie , Zheng Chenglin , Sun Li , Bie Zhiying , Yue Yuchen , Li Xiuhong , Sun Wentao , Ikeda Tomiki , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBlue phase liquid crystals (BPLCs) have exhibited promising applications in 3D flexible displays due to their molecular‐level self‐assembled chiral structures, fast response, and tunable polarized colors. However, there remain challenges for spatiotemporal programming of 3D chiral color units for BPLC dynamic patterning. Herein, the programmable temporal evolution of micrometer‐scale color units and spatial configuration switch of chiral modes are achieved by spontaneous ink diffusion‐driven asymmetric lattice deformation in dual‐chiral polymer‐templated blue phases. Custom‐printed colorful patterns are designed by machine learning‐assisted parameter optimization, which displays programmable multidimensional encrypted information that incorporates temporal evolving colors (wavelength), spatial distribution (depth), chiral modes (L/R). The quantitative relationship between ink diffusion kinetics and blue‐phase dynamic 3D structural optics is established by in situ characterization, finite element analysis, and mathematical geometry modeling. This work provides insights into the microgeometric manipulation of 3D chiral color of BPLCs in the application of information security and self‐adaptive indicators.
Exciton Dynamics in Layered Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Baek Sung‐Doo , Yang Seok Joo , Yang Hanjun , Shao Wenhao , Yang Yu‐Ting , Dou Letian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLayered halide perovskites have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and great promises in light‐emitting applications. Achieving high‐performance perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) requires a deep understanding of exciton dynamics in these materials. This review begins with a fundamental overview of the structural and photophysical properties of layered halide perovskites, then delves into the importance of dimensionality control and cascade energy transfer in quasi‐2D PeLEDs. In the second half of the review, more complex exciton dynamics, such as multiexciton processes and triplet exciton dynamics, from the perspective of LEDs are explored. Through this comprehensive review, an in‐depth understanding of the critical aspects of exciton dynamics in layered halide perovskites and their impacts on future research and technological advancements for layered halide PeLEDs is provided.
Single‐Atom‐Layer Metallization of Plasmonic Semiconductor Surface for Selectively Enhancing IR‐Driven Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into CH4
Authors: Lu Na , Jiang Xiaoyi , Zhu Yongan , Yu Linqun , Du Shiwen , Huang Jindou , Zhang Zhenyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEfficient harvesting and utilization of abundant infrared (IR) photons from sunlight is crucial for the industrial application of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Plasmonic semiconductors have significant potential in absorbing low‐energy IR photons to generate energetic hot electrons. However, modulating these hot electrons to selectively enhance the activity of CO2 reduction into CH4 remains a challenge. Herein, the study proposes a single‐atom‐layer (SAL) metallization strategy to enhance the generation of IR‐driven hot electrons and facilitate their transfer from plasmonic semiconductors to CO2 for producing CH4. This strategy is demonstrated using a paradigmatic W18O49@W‐Sn nanowire array (NWA), where Sn2+ ions are grafted onto exposed O atoms on the surface of plasmonic W18O49 to form a surface W‐Sn SAL. The incorporation of Sn single atoms enhances plasmonic absorption in IR light for W18O49 NWA. The W‐Sn SAL not only promotes CO2 adsorption and reduces its reaction activation energy barrier but also shifts the endoergic CO‐protonation process toward an exoergic reaction pathway. Thus, the W18O49@W‐Sn NWA exhibits >98% selectivity for IR‐driven CO2 reduction to CH4 with an activity over 9.0 times higher than that of bare W18O49 NWA. This SAL metallization strategy can also be applied to other plasmonic semiconductors for selectively enhancing CO2‐to‐CH4 reduction reactions.
Bixbyite‐Type Zirconium Tantalum Oxynitride Thin Films as Composition‐Tunable High Refractive Index Semiconductors
Authors: Wagner Laura I. , Canever Alessia , Sirotti Elise , Jiang Chang‐Ming , Munnik Frans , Streibel Verena , Sharp Ian D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultinary nitrides and oxynitrides offer a range of tunable structural and optoelectronic properties. However, much of this vast compositional space remains to be explored due to the challenges associated with their synthesis. Here, reactive sputter deposition is used to synthesize isostructural polycrystalline zirconium tantalum oxynitride thin films with varying cation ratios and systematically explore their structural and optical properties. All films possess the cubic bixbyite‐type structure and n‐type semiconducting character, as well as composition‐tunable optical bandgaps in the visible range. Furthermore, these compounds exhibit remarkably high refractive indices that exceed a value 2.8 in the non‐absorbing sub‐bandgap region and reach 3.2 at 589 nm for Ta‐rich compositions. Photoemission spectroscopy reveals non‐uniform shifts in electron binding energies that indicate a complex interplay of structural and compositional effects on interatomic bonding. In addition to being high‐index materials, the measured band edge positions of the films align favorably with the water oxidation and reduction potentials. Thus, this tunable materials family offers prospects for diverse optoelectronics application, including for production of photonic metamaterials and for solar water splitting.
Pseudo Molecular Doping and Ambipolarity Tuning in Si Junctionless Nanowire Transistors Using Gaseous Nitrogen Dioxide
Authors: Vardhan Vaishali , Biswas Subhajit , Ghosh Sayantan , Tsetseris Leonidas , Ghoshal Tandra , Hellebust Stig , Georgiev Yordan M. , Holmes Justin D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmbipolar transistors facilitate concurrent transport of both positive (holes) and negative (electrons) charge carriers in the semiconducting channel. Effective manipulation of conduction symmetry and electrical characteristics in ambipolar silicon junctionless nanowire transistors (Si‐JNTs) is demonstrated using gaseous nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This involves a dual reaction in both p‐ and n‐type conduction, resulting in a significant decrease in the current in n‐conduction mode and an increase in the p‐conduction mode upon NO2 exposure. Various Si‐JNT parameters, including “on”‐current (Ion), threshold voltage (Vth), and mobility (µ) exhibit dynamic changes in both the p‐ and n‐conduction modes of the ambipolar transistor upon interaction with NO2 (concentration between 2.5 – 50 ppm). Additionally, NO2 exposure to Si‐JNTs with different surface morphologies, that is, unpassivated Si‐JNTs with a native oxide or with a thermally grown oxide (10 nm), show distinct influences on Ion, Vth, and µ, highlighting the effect of surface oxide on NO2‐mediated charge transfer. Interaction with NO2 alters the carrier concentration in the JNT channel, with NO2 acting as an electron acceptor and inducing holes, as supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, providing a pathway for charge transfer and “pseudo” molecular doping in ambipolar Si‐JNTs.
Understanding and Regulating the Mechanical Stability of Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Batteries
Authors: Li Jia‐Lin , Wang Ya‐Nan , Sun Shu‐Yu , Zheng Zhao , Gao Yao , Shi Peng , Zhao Yan‐Jie , Li Xing , Li Quan , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe unstable interface between reactive anodes and electrolytes in batteries has been identified as a critical factor in limiting the long‐cycle stability of batteries. An effective solution is to build a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that acts as a passivation layer to mitigate the side reactions between reactive anodes and electrolytes. The mechanical stability of SEI is important because SEI with poor mechanical stability cannot survive the volume and topography fluctuation of the anode upon cycling. The stress built‐up would cause mechanical failure of SEI, resulting in exposure of the fresh anode surface to the electrolyte, consuming the limited active materials and electrolytes, and inducing rapid battery decay. Therefore, understanding and regulating the mechanical stability of SEI is imperative for improving battery cycle life. In this review, the mechanical properties of SEI are discussed. Then, advanced characterization tools to measure the mechanical properties of SEI are introduced. Additionally, recent progress on improving the mechanical stability of SEI is presented in terms of in situ and ex situ modifications of SEI. Finally, an insightful outlook is provided to further understand and regulate the mechanical stability of SEI for improving battery performance.
Radical‐Scavenging Lithium Salt for Stable High‐Voltage Li||LiCoO2 Batteries
Authors: Yang Jinhua , Yu Jiangtao , Ma Xinyu , Zou Xiuyang , Yang Mingchen , Sun Shipeng , Wu Mingzhu , Hu Yin , Yan Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐voltage cathodes improve the energy density of the batteries, which satisfies the pursuit of high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, layered lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) cathodes suffer from severe interfacial side reactions under high voltage (4.6 V), which is detrimental for practical applications. Herein, a functional lithium salt, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxyl‐4‐sulfate lithium (TEMPO‐OSO3Li) is developed that possesses radical‐scavenging anion TEMPO‐OSO3−. The anion accumulates at the cathode interface and effectively scavenges free radicals under the electric field at high voltage, thereby, inhibiting the electrolyte decomposition and interfacial side reactions. As a result, the Li||LiCoO2 batteries with dual‐salt (TEMPO‐OSO3Li (0.02 m) and LiPF6 (1 m)) electrolyte exhibit high capacity retention of 92% after 100 cycles at 4.6 V and maintain 81% after 200 cycles, which is superior to that of the baseline electrolyte (26%). The work demonstrates a promising strategy for designing electrolyte salts to realize the practical application of LiCoO2 at high voltage.
From Clinical Observation to Genetic Confirmation: Somatic Mosaic Mutations in RHOA on Ectodermal Dysplasia With Multi‐System Involvement
Authors: Durmusalioglu Enise Avci , Dogan Yusuf Can , Tan Turkan Turkut , Cogulu Dilsah , Isik Esra , Cogulu Ozgur , Atik Tahir 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEctodermal dysplasia with facial dysmorphism and acral, ocular, and brain anomalies (EDFAOB) is a rare neuroectodermal syndrome caused by somatic mosaic mutations in the RHOA gene. It presents with linear skin hypopigmentation, facial and limb asymmetry, dental and acral anomalies, and leukoencephalopathy, generally preserving intellectual and neurological functions. We report two cases of EDFAOB. Both cases initially presented with notable facial‐body asymmetry, thin hair, dental issues, digital anomalies, and Blaschko's lines‐aligned hypopigmentation. A 6‐year‐old girl exhibited esotropia, visual center atrophy, and bilateral white matter hyperintensities on MRI. A 10‐year‐old girl had unilateral hyperintense lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere on MRI. Both had normal neuromotor development without intellectual impairment. RHOA gene sequencing from hypopigmented skin biopsies revealed the c.139G > A (p.Glu47Lys) mutation, with allele fractions of 20% and 10%, respectively, absent in blood leukocytes and parental DNA. These cases highlight the clinical and genetic features of EDFAOB and underscore the importance of thorough clinical evaluation to guide precise genetic testing. The identification of mutations exclusively in affected tissues supports a postzygotic mosaic distribution, refining the diagnostic approach for this syndrome.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Dibenzo‐Fused Perioctacene
Authors: Xu Xiushang , Moshniaha Liliia , Vasylevskyi Serhii , Kabe Ryota , Ohto Tatsuhiko , Narita Akimitsu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDibenzoperioctacene (DBPO) with extended zigzag edges was synthesized and unambiguously characterized by a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Variable‐temperature (VT) NMR analysis indicated the closed‐shell character of DBPO, yet the bond lengths in the single‐crystal structure of DBPO aligned more closely with those of open‐shell teranthene than closed‐shell bisanthene. Spin‐unrestricted density functional theory (DFT) calculations using various methods supported that ground state of DBPO might be on the borderline between closed‐ and open‐shell singlet states, with a large singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST), consistent with the VT NMR and bond‐length analyses. UV/Vis‐near infrared (NIR) absorption spectrum showed the longest‐wavelength peak at 905 nm, marking the NIR optical properties of DBPO. DBPO exhibited a tendency to react with atmospheric oxygen, which additionally hinted at its possible open‐shell character. Furthermore, the oxidized species of non‐fluorescent DBPO exhibited strong emission at 820 and 915 nm.
Green Combustion Synthesis of Copper Magnesium Vanadate (CuMgV) NPs Using Neem Extract: Its Photocatalytic and Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Alam Mir Waqas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOrganic dyes are a substantial contribution to environmental pollution and are considered as hazardous. These compounds are widely used in various industries like textiles, food, paper, cosmetics, and printing. A cationic dye, such as Fast Blue (FB) and Congo Red (CR), is an example of organic compound with several commercial uses but dangerous for environment and human beings. Copper Magnesium Vanadate NPs (CuMgV NPs) were successfully prepared using the combustion method in which Neem extract was used as a fuel. The XRD, FTIR, and FESEM techniques were used to analyze the sample's structure and morphology. The XRD reveals monoclinic structure of the CuMgV NPs with average particle size around 30 nm. The presence of tiny particles that prefabricated to form a widely distributed, spherical shape, and size between 15 and 25 nm was observed by HRTEM microscopic investigations. The CuMgV NPs were assessed using several electrochemical techniques. In photocatalytic tests, 120 min of UV light irradiation was sufficient to achieve a 58% and 55.52% decolorization rate for the industrial pollutants CR and Fast FB dyes. CuMgV NPs were found to have a specific capacitance value of 560.5 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 and a retention rate of 89% after 4000 cycles. These features promote the production of NPs for energy and environmental applications and provide greater insight into the characteristics of the material.
Addressing the diversity principle–practice gap in Western higher education institutions: A systematic review on intersectionality
Authors: Lukkien Tessa , Chauhan Trishna , Otaye‐Ebede Lilian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExtant research has focused on the barriers faced by minority faculty in academia. Despite outward notions of commitment to diversity, higher education institutions remain largely exclusive to anyone who does not prescribe to the ‘ideal’ faculty. Recently, more attention has been given to minority faculty who possess intersectional identities, highlighting their increased marginalisation. Equality, diversity and inclusivity (EDI) initiatives have been identified as a primary enabler of supporting minority groups, yet research on intersectionality and its operationalisation into practice is relatively scattered across disciplines. To provide an evidence‐based analysis and integration, this article systematically reviews the literature on intersectionality in the context of higher education using common intersectional categories. We systematically reviewed and thematically summarised key findings of 38 empirical studies conducted from 1990 to 2022, in which key recommendations related to EDI were identified. Recommendations were categorised into three levels based on where the onus for action lay: individual, organisational and institutional. Through an intersectional lens, our paper provides theoretical insights into the problematic nature of power and critiques of EDI initiatives. While we provide practitioners with tangible recommendations to redress intersectional inequality in academia, we heed caution on being overly reductionist and contend there is no single solution, delineating the importance of context in applying recommendations. Future research is needed to empirically evaluate the operationalisation of intersectionality vis‐à‐vis adopting a praxis lens.