bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of probabilities, adverse outcomes, and status quo on perceived riskiness of medications: Testing explanatory hypotheses concerning gist, worry, and numeracy
Authors: Wilhelms Evan A. , Fraenkel Liana , Reyna Valerie F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe tested predictions of fuzzy‐trace theory that qualitative health status and gist representations (ordinal and categorical) of risks contribute to willingness to start medications, beyond effects of objective risk, emotion (worry), and numeracy. Adults in two experiments were given hypothetical scenarios based on actual medications, varying health status quo (acceptable or unacceptable), adverse event (pneumonia or cancer), and four levels of quantitative risk (from 1/100,000 to 1/100) between subjects. In both experiments, cancer and higher quantitative risk elicited greater worry and risk perceptions and reduced willingness to start a new medication. Willingness to start was also influenced by health status quo. After controlling for other variables, only status quo and gist representations consistently predicted willingness to start in both experiments. Results support an integrated approach to understanding and predicting perceptions of the risks of medications that encompasses numerical cognition, emotions (such as worry), and qualitative gist representations of medical information.
3D Self‐Architectured Steam Electrode Enabled Efficient and Durable Hydrogen Production in a Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell at Temperatures Lower Than 600 °C
Authors: Wu Wei , Ding Hanping , Zhang Yunya , Ding Yong , Katiyar Prashant , Majumdar Prasun K. , He Ting , Ding Dong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHydrogen production via water electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) has attracted considerable attention because of its favorable thermodynamics and kinetics. It is considered as the most efficient and low‐cost option for hydrogen production from renewable energies. By using proton‐conducting electrolyte (H‐SOECs), the operating temperature can be reduced from beyond 800 to 600 °C or even lower due to its higher conductivity and lower activation energy. Technical barriers associated with the conventional oxygen‐ion conducting SOECs (O‐SOECs), that is, hydrogen separation and electrode instability that is primarily due to the Ni oxidation at high steam concentration and delamination associated with oxygen evolution, can be remarkably mitigated. Here, a self‐architectured ultraporous (SAUP) 3D steam electrode is developed for efficient H‐SOECs below 600 °C. At 600 °C, the electrolysis current density reaches 2.02 A cm−2 at 1.6 V. Instead of fast degradation in most O‐SOECs, performance enhancement is observed during electrolysis at an applied voltage of 1.6 V at 500 °C for over 75 h, attributed to the “bridging” effect originating from reorganization of the steam electrode. The H‐SOEC with SAUP steam electrode demonstrates excellent performance, promising a new prospective for next‐generation steam electrolysis at reduced temperatures.
Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Alkyl Nitriles Catalyzed by Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins under Continuous‐Flow Conditions
Authors: Ishitani Haruro , Saito Yuki , Nakamura Yosuke , Yoo Woo‐Jin , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe use of strongly basic anion exchange resins as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensations under continuous‐flow conditions was investigated. It was found that Amberlite FPA60 was an efficient solid base catalyst for the flow synthesis of 1,2‐disubstituted alkenyl nitriles from arylmethyl nitriles and aldehydes. On the other hand, the Knoevenagel reaction involving acetonitrile required elevated reaction temperatures, which necessitated a change to a thermally robust ammonium hydroxide polymer catalyst. The potential applications of these strongly basic anion exchange resins for multi‐step continuous‐flow synthesis were also demonstrated.
What's in a term? “Green growth” and the “blue‐green economy” in the Pacific islands
Authors: Dornan Matthew , Morgan Wesley , Newton Cain Tess , Tarte Sandra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe term “green growth” and its sister concepts, “blue‐green growth,” the “green economy,” and the “blue‐green economy,” have gained considerable traction in the Pacific island region in a short space of time. Pacific island governments, regional organisations, and development agencies all use the terms, which originate outside of the Pacific. What (and who) has driven the adoption of green growth terminology within the region? How has its usage in the region mirrored international usage? This paper presents findings from research on the vernacularisation of green growth terminology in Fiji and Vanuatu. We find a contested policy space, where Pacific actors deploy competing meanings of green growth terms in ways that both reflect their worldviews and support their agendas. This diversity has helped to underpin the rapid spread of green growth terminology in the region, while differentiating it from international usage.
Generation of Gold(I) Carbenes by Retro‐Buchner Reaction: From Cyclopropanes to Natural Products Synthesis
Authors: Mato Mauro , García‐Morales Cristina , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe gold(I)‐catalyzed retro‐Buchner (decarbenation, retrocyclopropanation) reaction of 7‐substituted cycloheptatrienes has emerged as a safe and powerful alternative for the generation of gold(I) carbenes. These carbenes can cyclopropanate alkenes, take part in intramolecular reactions, or engage in higher cycloadditions with different partners, giving rise to a wide range of relevant structures. This review covers the developments made on the generation of gold(I) carbenes via decarbenation reactions, and the applications of these reactions in organic synthesis.
Different patterns of second‐line treatment in type 2 diabetes after metformin monotherapy in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden (D360 Nordic): A multinational observational study
Authors: Persson Frederik , Bodegard Johan , Lahtela Jorma T. , Nyström Thomas , Jørgensen Marit E. , Jensen Majken Linneman , Gulseth Hanne L. , Thuresson Marcus , Hoti Fabian , Nathanson David , Norhammar Anna , Birkeland Kåre I. , Eriksson Johan G. , Eriksson Jan W. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAimsThe understanding of second‐line use of glucose‐lowering drugs (GLDs) in the general population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment is important as recent results have shown cardiovascular benefits with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA). Our aim was to describe second‐line GLD treatment patterns in four Nordic countries.MethodsAll T2D patients treated with GLD between 2006 and 2015 were identified in prescribed drug registries in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, and linked with National Patient and Cause of Death Registries. Second‐line treatment was defined as a prescription of a second GLD class following ≥6 months of metformin monotherapy. Index was the date of first dispense of the second‐line drug.ResultsA rapid uptake of newer GLDs (GLP‐1RA, DPP‐4i and SGLT‐2i) over the 10‐year observation period was seen in Denmark, Finland and Norway, while slower in Sweden. In 2015, 33,880 (3.1%) of 1,078,692 T2D patients initiated second‐line treatment, and newer GLDs were more commonly used in Finland (92%), Norway (71%) and Denmark (70%) vs Sweden (44%). In 2015, the use of older GLDs (insulin and sulphonylureas) was 7‐fold greater in Sweden compared to Finland (49% vs 7%), and 1.6‐fold greater compared with Denmark and Norway (49% vs 30% and 29%, respectively).ConclusionsDespite comparable demography and healthcare systems in four neighbouring countries, surprisingly large differences in second‐line use of newer GLDs were found. With recent evidence of potential cardiovascular benefits with newer GLDs, such differences may have an important impact on cardiovascular outcomes.
Comparison between the effect of human Wharton’s jelly–derived mesenchymal stem cells and levetiracetam on brain infarcts in rats
Authors: Abd El Motteleb Dalia M. , Hussein Samia , Hasan Mai. M. , Mosaad Hala 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundStroke represents one of the major causes of death worldwide. Neuroprotection remains an important goal of stroke therapy. Stem cell therapeutic effect is attributed to the neuroprotective effect and the regulation of the oxidant stress. Levetiracetam (LEV), a second‐generation antiepileptic drug, was reported to confer neuronal protection after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.AimTo investigate the effect of human Wharton’s jelly–derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs) and LEV on the size of brain infarcts, the histological structure, the neurotrophic, and the antioxidant gene expression in middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.MethodThe rats were divided into five equal groups of 12 rats each as follows. Sham control group: received phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS); ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group: received PBS before ligation; stem cell–treated group: the animal received MSCs before ligation; LEV‐treated group: the animal received LEV before occlusion; combined group: the animals received both MSCs and LEV before occlusion. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to study the histological structure of the brain. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed to assess gene expression.ResultsBoth MSCs and LEV improved memory and learning in the treated groups compared with I/R group. Significant reduction of the infarct size in WJ‐MSC‐ or LEV‐treated groups when compared with untreated ones was found. By RT‐PCR, a significant decrease of the expression values of glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 (PEBP1), and copper‐zinc SOD (Cu/ZnSOD) genes and a significant increase of pro‐oxidant iNOS gene in the I/R rats compared with the sham group was detected. There was a significant increase in the expression values of GDNF, BDNF, PEBP1, and Cu/ZnSOD genes in both treated groups when compared with the I/R group. Rats treated with WJ‐MSCs showed better results than rats treated with LEV. Finally, the combined use of LEV and WJ‐MSCs was the most effective regimen as regard infarction volume and functional learning and memory tests.ConclusionIn the brain ischemia model, combined WJ‐MSCs and LEV have demonstrated striking protective effects in brain infarction by the modulation of the oxidant status and neuroprotective effect.
Retracted: Anticancer effects of miR‐200c in colorectal cancer through BMI1
Authors: Karimi Mazraehshah Mitra , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Saidijam Massoud , Amini Razieh , Bahreini Fatemeh , Karimi Dermani Fatemeh , Najafi Rezvan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most leading cancer deaths throughout the world. MiR‐200c has been shown to have a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. In this study, we investigated the miR‐200c expression in CRC tissues and its effects on CRC cell lines which were mediated by polycomb complex protein (BMI1). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect miR‐200c and BMI1 expression in tumor tissues from 38 patients with CRC and 38 normal colon tissues. HCT‐116 and SW‐48 cells were transfected by locked nucleic acid (LNA)‐anti‐miR‐200c. Western blot analysis and real‐time PCR were applied to determine the BMI1 protein and microRNA (miRNA) levels. The apoptosis was analyzed via annexin/propidium iodide staining, and cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assay. MiR‐200c was markedly downregulated in CRC tissues, whereas the protein expression of BMI1 in CRC tissues was upregulated compared with normal colon tissues. In the colon cancer cell lines, transfection of LNA‐anti‐miR‐200c increased BMI1 gene and protein expression as well as the cell invasion. Downregulation of miR‐200c by LNA decreased the apoptotic cells. The results from this study revealed that miR‐200c may have antitumor effects through inhibition of BMI1 expression.
Novel variations in NPHS1 gene in children of South Indian population and its association with primary nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Mohanapriya Chinambedu Dhandapani , Vettriselvi Venkatesan , Nammalwar Bollam Rengaswamy , Gowrishankar Kalpana , Ekambaram Sudha , Sengutavan Prabha , Venkatachalam Perumal 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMutations in NPHS1 can lead to disruption of the filtration barrier and cause proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome (NS). The aim of the study was to evaluate NPHS1 mutations, its susceptibility to the disease, and their association in children with steroid‐resistant NS; mutation frequency of 9% was observed in patients with steroid‐resistant NS, of which, six mutations and two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms observed in the study population were found to be novel.
Fsk and IBMX inhibit proliferation and proapoptotic of glioma stem cells via activation of cAMP signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Peng , Wang Weiyao , Cao Zhiyou , Zhao Donghai , Zhao Guifang , Li Dailin , Qi Ling , Xu Junjie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to find out the underlying mechanism of forskolin (Fsk) and 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX) on glioma stem cells (GSCs).MethodsThe expression of cAMP‐related protein CREB and pCREB as well as apoptosis‐related proteins were detected through Western blot analysis. The level of proliferation and growth rate of human GSCs was measured through thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay and stem cells forming sphere assay. The apoptosis‐related gene expression was measured through reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.ResultscAMP signaling pathway was activated in GSCs with Fsk‐IBMX administration. Fsk‐IBMX could inhibit the proliferation as well as invasion and promote the apoptosis of U87 cells. Besides, U0126 could inhibit MAPK signaling pathway to increase the sensitivity of GSCs to cAMP signaling pathway. As a result, Fsk‐IBMX combined with U0126 had more negative effect on GSCs.ConclusionsThe relationship of cAMP and MAPK signaling pathway in GSCs may provide a potential therapeutic strategy in glioma.
Improvement of oocyte in vitro maturation from mice with polycystic ovary syndrome by human mesenchymal stromal cell–conditioned media
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamideh , Nazarian Hamid , Ghaffari Novin Marefat , Shams Mofarahe Zahra , Eini Fatemeh , Piryaei Abbas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe outcome of in vitro maturation (IVM) in the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is poor. Abnormal intraovarian paracrine interplay alters microenvironment for oocyte development through folliculogenesis and decreases developmental competence of oocytes in patients with PCOS. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) secrete a variety of cytokines and growth factors that could promote oocyte maturation in vitro. Thus, in the current study we aimed to evaluate the effect of human bone marrow MSC–conditioned media (hBM‐MSC‐CM), as a supplement, to enrich IVM medium for PCOS germinal vesicles (GVs). For this purpose, oocytes at GV and metaphase II (MII) stages were harvested from PCOS mice. The GVs were randomly divided into four groups and incubated for 24 hours in an IVM medium (TCM199, as the control group) or TCM199 supplemented by 25%, 50%, and 75% of hBM‐MSC‐CM (PCOS‐CM25, PCOS‐CM50, and PCOS‐CM75 groups, respectively) so as to evaluate which dose(s) could enhance maturation rate of the GVs and their subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. Furthermore, MII oocytes and their subsequent IVF outcome were considered as the in vivo matured (PCOS‐IVO) group. The data showed that supplementation of IVM medium with 50% hBM‐MSC‐CM significantly increased cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation of the GVs (P < 0.001), and also fertilization and two‐cell rate (P < 0.001) and blastocyst formation (P < 0.01) of in vitro matured oocytes from mice with PCOS. Overall, higher oocyte maturation and fertilization outcome in PCOS‐CM50 group proposed that enrichment of IVM medium with hBM‐MSC‐CM could be considered as a promising approach to improve IVM of PCOS oocytes.
MMP‐11 promotes papillary thyroid cell proliferation and invasion via the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhun , Dong Tianyi , Fu Ying , Zhou Wenhong , Tian Xingsong , Chen Gengyu , Liu Shili 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common form of thyroid cancer, and its incidence is on the rise. It has been reported that some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are abnormally expressed in PTC and can be used as diagnostic markers. However, few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms by which MMPs promote tumor progression. In this study, we used microarray analysis to compare the variations of gene expression within the PTC cell populations and their adjacent normal tissues and found that MMP‐11 was the most differentially expressed MMP. To investigate the role of MMP‐11 in the mediation of thyroid cancer cell development, pEnter‐MMP‐11 plasmid, and MMP‐11 small interfering RNA were applied to up‐ and downregulate MMP‐11 expression of in cultured PTC cell lines K1 and BCPAP. The results suggested that the levels of proliferation and migration of cells transfected with MMP‐11 siRNA were significantly reduced, while the levels in MMP‐11‐plasmid‐transfected cells were increased. In terms of the mechanism, experimental data showed that the change in cyclin D1 is consistent with MMP‐11 expression, which may explain the changes in proliferation. In addition, Western blot assay was conducted to analyze the p65 and activated (phospho‐) p65 protein levels concomitant with MMP‐11 adjustments. Variations in intracellular MMP‐11 significantly altered the amount of phospho‐p65 in thyroid cells, while p65 knockdown did not affect MMP‐11 expression. These results suggest that MMP‐11 is located upstream of p65 and regulates its activity. Interestingly, the data for the Transwell assay suggested that MMP‐11 regulatory migration is also associated with the NF‐κB p65 signaling pathway. In conclusion, this report describes the important role of MMP‐11 in the regulation of thyroid cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistic studies have shown that cyclin D1 and p65 are important mediators in the processes, which provides a new way to study the mechanism of MMPs promoting the progression of thyroid cancer.
Exchange interference for a range of partially deuterated hydrocarbons using a GC‐EI‐MSD
Authors: Shafer Wilson D. , Davis Burtron H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIndustrial catalyst processes, such as the Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) process, produce a vast array of products from syngas (H2/CO), such as jet fuel, gasoline, diesel, synthetic rubbers, monomers for plastics industries, and other oil/wax materials for specific purposes such as cosmetics. Multitudes of publications since the discovery of the FT process in 1925 have been composed, attempting to elucidate the mechanism. Many of these publications attempt to investigate the mechanism of FT by the utilization of specific deuterium experimentation through the switching of the syngas from H2/CO to D2/CO. Results from this switching indicated that hydrogen was involved in the rate‐limited step; the overall process conversion produced an inverse kinetic isotope effect. To confirm that results were not hindered by the physical switch of the hydrogen isotopes, further experimentation was performed using equal molar of each isotope competitively (equal molar H2/D2)/CO. Complications arose from this competitive work as it generated fully exchanged products, i.e. all partially deuterated hydrocarbons that could not be separated by chromatography. These compounds could no longer be separated by the chromatography and required a further separation by mass. The overall scope for this work was to determine if a range of partially deuterated paraffin compounds, generated by FT, can be analyzed using an EI‐MSD without interinstrumental H/D exchange. Results indicate that no real exchange occurs in the EI MSD for a carbon range from about C6 to C16. Even though the materials cannot be separated chromatographically, they can be further separated and analyzed to determine the overall H/D content for these specific chain lengths.
Künstliche Metalloproteine für die Olefinmetathese
Authors: Sauer Daniel F. , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Okuda Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWie lässt sich der Grubbs‐Hoveyda‐II‐Katalysator so modifizieren, dass er – verankert an einem Protein – einem Enzym ähnelt? Ein Überblick.
Achte CeBiTec Research Conference
Authors: Gröger Harald , Kourist Robert , Schallmey Anett 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIm April 2018 fand in Bielefeld die dreitägige Tagung 8th CeBiTec Research Conference/Biocascades Symposium zum Thema Reaction Concepts for Industrial Biocatalysis – Process Catalysts, Process Development, Cascades and New Products statt. Mehr als 80 Forscher aus Akademia und Industrie tauschten sich über aktuelle Entwicklungen der Enzymkatalyse in der Synthese organischer Moleküle aus. Die Schwerpunkte der Konferenz mit 23 Vorträgen und 34 Posterbeiträgen spannten einen Bogen vom Design maßgeschneiderter Biokatalysatoren über Strategien zu deren Nutzung in der Synthese sowie der Kombination zu Kaskadenreaktionen bis hin zu industriellen Anwendungen.
Fester verbunden
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEnde August trafen sich im englischen Liverpool Chemiker aus ganz Europa zum 7. Kongress der Euchems. Dort änderte der Dachverband der europäischen Chemiegesellschaften seinen Namen: Das Silbenkurzwort – Eigenschreibweise EuChemS – soll fortan für European Chemical Society stehen.
Symposium „Forschung der Chemischen Industrie“ in Münster
Authors: Roling Lena , Sandfort Frederik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAm 17. Mai fand zum bereits siebten Mal das Symposium „Forschung der Chemischen Industrie“ (FoChIn) im Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie an der Universität Münster statt. Ziel der Veranstaltung war es, einen Austausch zwischen Industrie und Universität zu ermöglichen. Das Symposium gewährte mehr als 300 Chemieinteressierten vom Studienanfänger bis zum Professor Einblicke in die Forschung verschiedener Unternehmen der chemischen Industrie. Organisiert hatte die Veranstaltung Frank Glorius, Professor für organische Chemie. Finanziell unterstützten Industrieunternehmen und der Sonderforschungsbereich Synergistische Effekte in der Chemie (SFB 858).
21. Steinheimer Gespräche
Authors: Kunkel Nathalie , Steinberg Simon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMitte Juni fanden die 21. Steinheimer Gespräche statt, diesmal in Mainz. Die dreitägige Veranstaltung richtet traditionell der Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) aus, sie ermöglicht einen Einblick in das Spektrum der chemischen Forschung sowie den Dialog zwischen Industrievertretern, Hochschullehrern und Liebig‐Stipendiaten. Die diesjährige Veranstaltung stand unter dem Rahmenthema „Chemie und Diagnostik“.