bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chiral Twist‐Bend Nematic Phase (N*TB)
Authors: Walker Rebecca , Pociecha Damian , Storey John M. D. , Gorecka Ewa , Imrie Corrie T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe twist‐bend nematic, NTB, phase has been observed for chiral materials in which chirality is introduced through a branched 2‐methylbutyl terminal tail. The chiral twist‐bend nematic phase, N*TB, is completely miscible with the NTB phase of the standard achiral material, CB6OCB. The N*TB phase exhibits optical textures with lower birefringence than those observed for the achiral NTB phase, suggesting an additional mechanism of averaging molecular orientations. The N*−N*TB transition temperatures for the chiral materials are higher than the NTB−N transition temperatures seen for the corresponding racemic materials. This suggests the double degeneracy of helical twist sense in the
phase is removed by the intrinsic molecular chirality. A square lattice pattern is observed in the N* phase over a temperature range of several degrees above the N*TB–N phase transition, which may be attributed to a non‐monotonic dependence of the bend elastic constant.
Conjugation of Dasatinib with MHI‐148 Has a Significant Advantageous Effect in Viability Assays for Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Usama Syed Muhammad , Jiang Zhengyang , Pflug Kathryn , Sitcheran Raquel , Burgess Kevin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe hypothesized that conjugation of the near‐infrared dye MHI‐148 with the anti‐leukemia drug dasatinib might produce a potential theranostic for glioblastoma. In fact, the conjugate was found to bind the kinases Src and Lyn, and to inhibit the viability of a glioblastoma cell line with significantly greater potency than dasatinib alone, MHI‐148 alone, or a mixture of dasatinib and MHI‐148 at the same concentration. It was also used to successfully image a subcutaneous glioblastoma tumor in vivo.
A Rapid Neurological Assessment Protocol for Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Awake Rats
Authors: Christie Brian R. , Trivino‐Paredes Juan , Pinar Cristina , Neale Katie J. , Meconi Alicia , Reid Hannah , Hutton Craig P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPreclinical models for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) need to recapitulate several essential clinical features associated with mTBI, including a lack of significant neuropathology and the onset of neurocognitive symptoms normally associated with mTBI. Here we show how to establish a protocol for reliably and repeatedly inducing a mild awake closed head injury (ACHI) in rats, with no mortality or clinical indications of persistent pain. Moreover, we implement a new rapid neurological assessment protocol (NAP) that can be completely conducted within 1 min of each impact. This ACHI model will help to rectify the paucity of data on how repeated mTBI (r‐mTBI) impacts the juvenile brain, an area of significant concern in clinical populations where there is evidence that behavioral sequelae following injury can be more persistent in juveniles. In addition, the ACHI model can help determine if r‐mTBI early in life can predispose the brain to exhibiting greater neuropathology (i.e., chronic traumatic encephalopathy) later in life and can facilitate the identification of critical periods of vulnerability to r‐mTBI across the lifespan. This article describes the protocol for administering an awake closed head mTBI (i.e., ACHI) to rats, as well as how to perform a rapid NAP following each ACHI. Methods for administering the ACHI to individual subjects repeatedly are described, as are the methods and scoring system for the NAP. The goal of this article is to provide a standardized set of procedures allowing the ACHI and NAP protocols to be used reliably by different laboratories. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparison of small intestinal contrast ultrasound with magnetic resonance enterography in pediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Hakim Aishah , Alexakis Christopher , Pilcher James , Tzias Demitrios , Mitton Sally , Paul Thankam , Saxena Sonia , Pollok Richard , Kumar Shankar 
Published: July 2019

AimTo compare the diagnostic yield of small intestinal contrast ultrasonography (SICUS) with magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in routine clinical practice in a cohort of pediatric patients investigated for Crohn's disease (CD) attending a UK tertiary center.Methods and ResultsPatients with suspected or established CD who underwent SICUS were identified retrospectively. SICUS was compared to conventional transabdominal ultrasound (TUS), ileocolonoscopy (IC), and MRE. The accuracy and agreement of SICUS in detecting small bowel lesions and CD‐related complications were assessed using kappa (κ) coefficient statistics. A total of 93 patients (median age 15 years, range 2–17, 49 male) underwent SICUS; 58 had suspected and 35 had established CD. In suspected CD, sensitivity and specificity of SICUS in detecting CD small bowel lesions were 81.8 and 100% and for TUS 85.7 and 87.5%, respectively. In established CD, sensitivity and specificity of SICUS were 98.7 and 100% and TUS 80 and 100%, respectively. Agreement between SICUS and IC was substantial for the presence of lesions (κ = 0.73) but fair in TUS (κ = 0.31). Agreement between SICUS and IC was almost perfect for detecting strictures (κ = 0.84), with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.6%. When comparing SICUS and TUS with MRE, agreement for the presence of lesions was substantial (κ = 0.63) and moderate (κ = 0.53), respectively. Agreement between SICUS and MRE was substantial for detecting strictures (κ = 0.77) and dilatation (κ = 0.68).ConclusionsSICUS offers a radiation‐free alternative for assessing pediatric small bowel CD, with diagnostic accuracy that is comparable to MRE and IC, supporting its wider use in routine practice.
Finding Needles in a Haystack: Determining Key Molecular Descriptors Associated with the Blood‐brain Barrier Entry of Chemical Compounds Using Machine Learning
Authors: Majumdar Subhabrata , Basak Subhash C. , Lungu Claudiu N. , Diudea Mircea V. , Grunwald Gregory D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper we used two sets of calculated molecular descriptors to predict blood‐brain barrier (BBB) entry of a collection of 415 chemicals. The set of 579 descriptors were calculated by Schrodinger and TopoCluj software. Polly and Triplet software were used to calculate the second set of 198 descriptors. Following this, modelling and a two‐deep, repeated external validation method was used for QSAR formulation. Results show that both sets of descriptors individually and their combination give models of reasonable prediction accuracy. We also uncover the effectiveness of a variable selection approach, by showing that for one of our descriptor sets, the top 5 % predictors in terms of random forest variable importance are able to provide a better performing model than the model with all predictors. The top influential descriptors indicate important aspects of molecular structural features that govern BBB entry of chemicals.
Functional muscle hypertrophy by increased insulin‐like growth factor 1 does not require dysferlin
Authors: Barton Elisabeth R. , Pham Jennifer , Brisson Becky K. , Park SooHyun , Smith Lucas R. , Liu Min , Tian Zuozhen , Hammers David W. , Vassilakos Georgios , Sweeney H. Lee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionDysferlin loss‐of‐function mutations cause muscular dystrophy, accompanied by impaired membrane repair and muscle weakness. Growth promoting strategies including insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) could provide benefit but may cause strength loss or be ineffective. The objective of this study was to determine whether locally increased IGF‐1 promotes functional muscle hypertrophy in dysferlin‐null (Dysf−/−) mice.MethodsMuscle‐specific transgenic expression and postnatal viral delivery of Igf1 were used in Dysf−/− and control mice. Increased IGF‐1 levels were confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Testing for skeletal muscle mass and function was performed in male and female mice.ResultsMuscle hypertrophy occurred in response to increased IGF‐1 in mice with and without dysferlin. Male mice showed a more robust response compared with females. Increased IGF‐1 did not cause loss of force per cross‐sectional area in Dysf−/− muscles.DiscussionWe conclude that increased local IGF‐1 promotes functional hypertrophy when dysferlin is absent and reestablishes IGF‐1 as a potential therapeutic for dysferlinopathies.
Intratumour heterogeneity of p53 expression; causes and consequences
Authors: Xue Yuezhen , San Luis Boris , Lane David P 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenomic alterations in different types of cancer have been identified by comprehensive sequencing methodologies, revealing TP53 as the most frequently mutated gene across the majority of human cancer types. Cytotoxic treatments are still major cancer therapy strategies but cancer recurrence due to therapy resistance is a major challenge. Resistant cell populations may be associated with TP53 mutant clones exhibiting abnormal p53 expression patterns in tumours. Given data that levels of mutant p53 influence cancer cell growth and survival, understanding the mechanisms underlying intratumour heterogeneity of p53 can be exploited to design strategies that improve patient survival. The patterns of p53 protein examined by immunohistochemistry of both premalignant and malignant tissues are complex, ranging from intense staining of all tumour cell nuclei to complete absence of staining and with many intermediate phenotypes. Animal models that express only mutant proteins and adoption of international standards for terminology have brought greater clarity to understanding the causes of variation and are at the same time demonstrating the utility of p53 in oncology. In addition to p53 mutation, MDM2 and chaperone activities, gene copy number and TP53 mRNA levels linked to proliferative activity and differentiation are all now established as causes of variation in p53 staining, with clinical implications. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discussion paper on key issues impacting the sonographer workforce in Australia
Authors: Bowman Anita , Harreveld Roberta Bobby , Lawson Celeste 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis discussion paper investigates workforce shortage of Australian sonographers through identifying educational responses to the shortage.MethodAn ethnographic content analysis of insights into the sonographer workforce provided in the Australian Government Department of Employment occupational reports (2007‐2016) and current education models across providers of prequalification sonographer education and data correlation with Australian Sonographer Accreditation Registry, education provider correspondence, and website information were conducted.ResultsIndustry‐identified shortage factors related to prequalification education including sonographer quantity and suitability, education model and location, student admission, and skill and attribute training. Educational changes related to these factors were identified. Queensland demonstrated the greatest increase in sonographer (166%) and student (1000%) numbers (2007‐2016). Population‐weighted binomial ratios identified South Australia with the highest number of sonographers and students per head of population (2016). In 2016, sonographers graduated from the UG+1 Postgraduate Model (74.6%), Direct Entry Postgraduate Model (18%), and UG+1 Postgraduate Model with mandatory simulated skill training (7.4%).DiscussionSonographer and student supply increased, indicating growth in clinical training capacity (2007‐2016). Increased sonographer demand meant workforce shortage was relatively static. Educational response involved change to education models with characteristics related to shortage factors. Research into these education models may identify strategies to further increase clinical training capacity.
Implementing Wait Time Innovation in Election Administration: The Case of the EVWait Times App
Authors: Tsujii Tim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis case study looks into the evolution of a web-based tool for tracking wait times during an election. Drawing inspiration from the wait time tracking system at Walt Disney World, the Forsyth County Board of Elections implemented a wait time tracking application, called EVWait Times, for early voting in the 2016 general election. Using an ESRI (ArcGIS software platform) tool, the free web app provided (1) hours and location of early voting sites, (2) the wait times at the early voting sites, (3) information on finding the closest voting site, and (4) driving directions to the sites, which were all posted on a map display on the Forsyth County Board of Elections website. While the wait time tracking tool is primarily intended for quickly disseminating wait time information to voters, the secondary benefit is to use the information that was collected during this time to analyze the early voting traffic and determine which sites received more early voters than others. This information will allow our staff to make any improvements for future elections to better manage the voter turnout at the early voting sites.
Innovation in Synthesizing Big Data: The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)
Authors: Becker David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaintaining accurate, complete voter lists has been a significant and intractable problem. Many eligible voters are not on the lists, which can also be fraught with inaccuracies. These issues lead to major problems downstream in the elections process, and since so much of election reform is viewed through a partisan lens, the inaccuracies can lead to polarizing divisions. Bringing together a group of experts and election officials, a multistate data center was created, called the Electronic Registration Information Center, or “ERIC.” ERIC delivers information on voters who have moved, while also allowing for outreach to those not yet registered. Born in 2012, ERIC has grown from 7 to 26 states and the District of Columbia, including states as red as Alabama, Louisiana, and Utah and states as blue as Connecticut, Illinois, and Oregon. The ERIC states govern ERIC, and pay the full costs of its operations, and security of all data is maintained through rigorous methods. Since its inception, ERIC has enabled states to update nearly 10 million out-of-date voter records, and reach out to over 34 million eligible but unregistered voters, with millions of these new voters registered.
Diversity in Election Administration: Understanding and Serving Your Voters
Authors: Ealom Lauri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSuccessful election administration requires that election administrators not only know and follow the appropriate local, state, and federal policies but also understand the population of constituents they serve. Across the field, there is considerable variation in the professional path taken to a career in election administration. This case presents the experience of one election administrator’s path to election administration and the ways in which personal and professional experiences within and outside of election administration can prepare election administrators to successfully foster relationships with constituents and adopt and implement approaches to administrative decision making that engage the community; cultivating buy-in and trust.
Replica-nondiagonal solutions in the SYK model
Authors: Aref’eva Irina , Khramtsov Mikhail , Tikhanovskaya Maria , Volovich Igor 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We study the SYK model in the large N limit beyond the replica-diagonal approximation. First we show that there are exact replica-nondiagonal solutions of the saddle point equations for q = 2 for any finite replica number M.In the interacting q = 4 case we are able to construct the numerical solutions, which are in one-to-one correspondence to the analytic solutions of the quadratic model. These solutions are singular in the M → 0 limit in both quadratic and quartic interaction cases. The calculations of the on-shell action at finite integer M show that the nondiagonal replica-symmetric saddles are subleading in both quadratic and quartic cases.
We also study replica-nondiagonal solutions of the SYK in the strong coupling limit. For arbitrary q we show that besides the usual solutions of the replica-diagonal saddle point equations in the conformal limit, there are also replica-nondiagonal solutions for any value of M (including zero). The specific configurations that we study, have factorized time and replica dependencies. The corresponding saddle point equations are separable at strong coupling, and can be solved using the Parisi ansatz from spin glass theory. We construct the solutions which correspond to the replica-symmetric case and to one-step replica symmetry breaking. We compute the regularizized free energy on these solutions in the limit of zero replicas. It is observed that there are nondiagonal solutions with the regularized free energy lower than that of the standard diagonal conformal solution.
Validation of Physical Performance Tests in Individuals with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mehta Saurabh P. , Morelli Nathan , Prevatte Caleb , White Derrick , Oliashirazi Ali 
Published: July 2019

Background Individuals with advanced osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee experience significant impairments in balance and in essential physical functions such as walking and rising from a chair. There is limited evidence on valid outcome measures to capture these impairments. Questions/Purposes We sought to examine the construct validity of three physical performance measures in patients with advanced knee OA: a gait speed (GS) test, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Methods We designed a cross-sectional clinical measurement study in which patients with advanced knee OA completed two self-reported measures: the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score—Physical Function Shortform (KOOS-PS) and a four-part numeric pain rating scale (Q-NPRS). They were also administered the GS test, TUG test, and SPPB. Convergent and divergent construct validity were assessed by examining relationships between the GS test, the SPPB, the TUG test, the KOOS-PS, and the Q-NPRS and calculating Pearson correlation coefficients ( r). The scores for the GS, TUG test, and SPPB were compared with established normative values for age-matched healthy controls. Results Forty-four subjects (mean age, 66.9 ± 8.1 years) participated in the study. The GS test showed low concordance with the SPPB component tests and the TUG test. The relationships between the physical performance measures and the self-reported measures were low. The scores for the GS test, TUG test, and SPPB in our sample were significantly worse when compared with age-matched normative values, indicating impairments in physical performance. Conclusion These results advance the understanding of the validity of the GS test, TUG test, and SPPB in demonstrating the impairments in physical performance that patients with advanced knee OA experience in walking, balancing, and rising from a chair. Future research should examine the reproducibility and responsiveness of the GS test, TUG test, and SPPB in patients with advanced knee OA, in order to facilitate the integration of these measures into clinical practice.
The Long-Lasting Influenza: The Impact of Fetal Stress During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on Socioeconomic Attainment and Health in Sweden, 1968–2012
Authors: Helgertz Jonas , Bengtsson Tommy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The 1918 influenza pandemic had not only a massive instant death toll but also lasting effects on its survivors. Several studies have shown that children born in 1919, and thus exposed to the H1N1 virus in utero, experienced worse health and socioeconomic outcomes in older ages than surrounding birth cohorts. This study combines several sources of contemporary statistics with full-population individual-level data for Sweden during 1968–2012 to examine the influence of fetal exposure to the Spanish flu on health, adulthood income, and occupational attainment. For both men and women, fetal exposure resulted in higher morbidity in ages 54–87, as measured by hospitalization. For males, exposure during the second trimester also affected mortality in cancer and heart disease. Overall, the effects on all-cause mortality were modest, with about three months shorter remaining life expectancy for the cohorts exposed during the second trimester. For socioeconomic outcomes, results fail to provide consistent evidence supporting any long-term consequences of fetal exposure. We conclude that although the immediate health effects of exposure to the 1918 pandemic were huge, the long-term effects were modest in size.
Religious Supply, Existential Insecurity and Church Attendance in Post-communist Romania
Authors: Voicu Malina 
Published: July 2019

During the last 30 years Romania has experienced a revival of church attendance, and a significant increase in the number of houses of worship, having the highest rate of construction in Europe. The paper provides theoretical arguments that support the idea that the increase in church attendance has roots in the fast growth in the number of houses of worship, which provide easier access to religious services, and help the development of parish communities, which are highly relevant for Eastern Orthodoxy. This growth is the outcome of the privileged position of the Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC), which received funding from the central government and in-kind support from local authorities to extend the ROC's infrastructure, in exchange for active support in the political arena granted by the ROC to the party in power. Different from other religious organizations in Romania or other Orthodox churches in post-communist societies, the ROC is a powerful organization, and played its cards to get privileges from the political power during the communist and post-communist eras, which made the ROC more visible and attractive to the Romanian public. The research uses a composition of pooled datasets derived from 18 national and international surveys in Romania, covering a time span of 27 years, from 1991 to 2018, and employs multilevel logistic regression. The hypothesis regarding the relationship between the growth in church attendance and the increasing number of houses of worship is supported by the empirical data. Data have shown that growth in the number of houses of worship may fuel religious revivals, even if the offer is homogenous, and comes from nearly only one religious provider.
Evolution of the Percolation Threshold in Muds and Mudrocks During Burial
Authors: Daigle Hugh , Reece Julia S. , Flemings Peter B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMuds and mudrocks are important barriers to flow and perform this role over their entire depositional history, from mediating sediment‐ocean methane exchange to preventing leakage from hydrocarbon reservoirs, CO2 sequestration targets, or nuclear waste repositories. It is well established that the percolation threshold, which is the fluid saturation at which percolation occurs, is directly related to the pressure sealing capacity of a mud or mudrock. However, the evolution of the percolation threshold during burial and diagenesis is not well understood. Using a data set of natural muds and mudrocks and resedimented laboratory mixtures, we show that the percolation threshold is strongly controlled by porosity, achieving a minimum of 0.10–0.30 at a porosity of 0.40, and increasing as porosity increases or decreases from that value, to as high as 0.60 at deposition and >0.80 at porosity <0.10. This implies a highly disconnected pore network at high and low porosities.