bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of sarcopenia and association with oral health‐related quality of life and oral health status in older dental clinic outpatients
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Maeda Keisuke , Wakabayashi Hidetaka 
Published: March 2018

AimThe relationship between oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and sarcopenia is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the prevalence of sarcopenia in older dental clinic outpatients and its relationship with OHRQoL and oral health status.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data from consecutive dental clinic outpatients aged ≥65 years. The Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 was used for the evaluation of OHRQoL, and the Oral Health Assessment Tool was used to assess oral health status. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Uni‐ and multivariable analyses were carried out to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 and Oral Health Assessment Tool scores.ResultsThis study involved 279 patients (173 women, 106 men) with a mean age of 76 ± 7.5 years. The sarcopenia prevalence rate was 30.2%, and patients with sarcopenia had significantly poorer OHRQoL and oral health status than did patients without sarcopenia. Furthermore, sarcopenia was independently associated with Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 and Oral Health Assessment Tool scores even after adjusting for confounding factors, such as age, sex, nutritional status, activities of daily living, dysphagia, comorbidities, polypharmacy and clinical dental findings.ConclusionsSarcopenia was associated with OHRQoL and oral health status in older dental clinic outpatients. The prevalence of sarcopenia in older outpatients visiting the dental clinic was relatively high. Rehabilitation nutrition together with dental care might be necessary for sarcopenia treatment and prevention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 915–921
Frailty index and its associations with self‐neglect, social support and sociodemographic characteristics among older adults in rural China
Authors: Li Jie , Zhao Dongdong , Dong Bao , Yu Dandan , Ren Qiongqiong , Chen Jian , Qin Qirong , Bi Peng , Sun Yehuan 
Published: March 2018

AimThe frailty index is used to measure the health status of older individuals. However, its association with self‐neglect, social support and sociodemographic characteristics of older adults is underexplored. The purpose of the present study was to explore such associations among the rural older adults in Anhui Province of China, and to provide scientific evidence for policy‐makers to improve the health and well‐being of older adults in rural China.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was undertaken among 3048 older adults in rural China. The frailty index was measured by an accumulation of deficits of 40 items. Ordinal logistic regression models were carried out to explore the associations of self‐neglect, social support and sociodemographic characteristics with the frailty index.ResultsThe frailty rate was 15.8% among the participants. Older adults who showed self‐neglect, were female, had a lower education level, had a lower monthly income and did not drink alcohol were more prone to having frailty in the 60–76 years age group, whereas older adults who showed self‐neglect, had poor social support, were female, were not smokers and did not drink alcohol were more likely to have frailty in the ≥77 years age group (P < 0.05). The interaction effect on frailty between self‐neglect and social support was found in the 60–76 years age group.ConclusionsAge differences were shown in the associations between self‐neglect, social support, sociodemographic characteristics and frailty index, which suggests different measures should be used accordingly for frailty prevention and management. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 987–996
Long‐term clinical and economic outcomes in previously untreated paediatric patients with severe haemophilia A: A nationwide real‐world study with 700 person‐years
Authors: Vepsäläinen K. , Riikonen P. , Lassila R. , Arola M. , Huttunen P. , Lähteenmäki P. , Möttönen M. , Selander T. , Martikainen J. 
Published: March 2018

AimFor previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe haemophilia A in Finland for the past 2 decades, the standard practice has been to start early primary prophylaxis. We evaluated the long‐term clinical outcomes and costs of treatment with high‐dose prophylaxis in PUPs from birth to adolescence, including immune tolerance induction (ITI).MethodsFrom the medical records of all PUPs born between June 1994 and May 2013 in Finland, we retrospectively extracted data on clinical outcomes and healthcare use. Using linear mixed models, we analysed longitudinal clinical outcome data. To analyse skewed cost data, including zero costs, we applied hurdle regression.ResultsAll 62 patients received early regular prophylaxis; totally, they have had treatment for nearly 700 patient‐years. The median age of starting home treatment was 1.1 years. The mean (SD) annual treatment costs (€ per kg) were 4391€ (3852). For ages 1‐3, ITI comprised over half of the costs; in other groups, prophylactic FVIII treatment dominated. With these high costs, however, clinical outcomes were desirable; median (IQR) ABR was low at 0.19 (0.07‐0.46) and so was AJBR at 0.06 (0‐0.24). Thirteen (21%) patients developed a clinically significant inhibitor, 10 (16%) with a high titre. All ITIs were successful. The mean costs for ITI were 383 448€ (259 085). The expected ITI payback period was 1.81 (95% CI 0.62‐12.12) years.ConclusionsEarly high‐dose prophylaxis leads to excellent long‐term clinical outcomes, and early childhood ITI therapy seems to turn cost‐neutral generally already in 2 years.
Assessment of HER2 status in breast cancer biopsies is not affected by accelerated tissue processing
Authors: Bulte Joris P , Halilovic Altuna , Kalkman Shona , van Cleef Patricia H J , van Diest Paul J , Strobbe Luc J A , de Wilt Johannes H W , Bult Peter 
Published: March 2018

AimsTo establish whether core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens processed with an accelerated processing method with short fixation time can be used to determine accurately the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of breast cancer.Methods and resultsA consecutive case–series from two high‐volume breast clinics was created. We compared routine HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment between accelerated processing CNB specimens and routinely processed postoperative excision specimens. Additional amplification‐based testing was performed in cases with equivocal results. The formalin fixation time was less than 2 h and between 6 and 72 h, respectively. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification were used for amplification testing. One hundred and forty‐four cases were included, 15 of which were HER2‐positive on the routinely processed excision specimens. On the CNB specimens, 44 were equivocal on IHC and required an amplification‐based test. Correlation between the CNB specimens and the corresponding excision specimens was high for final HER2 status, with an accuracy of 97% and a kappa of 0.85.ConclusionsHER2 status can be determined reliably on CNB specimens with accelerated processing time using standard clinical testing methods. Using this accelerated technology the minimum 6 h of formalin fixation, which current guidelines consider necessary, can be decreased safely. This allows for a complete and expedited histology‐based diagnosis of breast lesions in the setting of a one‐stop‐shop, same‐day breast clinic.
THE ENDOWMENT EFFECT AS BLESSING
Authors: Frenkel Sivan , Heller Yuval , Teper Roee 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe study the idea that seemingly unrelated behavioral biases can coevolve if they jointly compensate for the errors that any one of them would give rise to in isolation. We suggest that the “endowment effect” and the “winner's curse” could have jointly survived natural selection together. We develop a new family of “hybrid‐replicator” dynamics. Under such dynamics, biases survive in the population for a long period of time even if they only partially compensate for each other and despite the fact that the rational type's payoff is strictly larger than the payoffs of all other types.
The longitudinal relationship between community programmes and policies to prevent childhood obesity and BMI in children: the Healthy Communities Study
Authors: Strauss W. J. , Nagaraja J. , Landgraf A. J. , Arteaga S. S. , Fawcett S. B. , Ritchie L. D. , John L. V. , Gregoriou M. , Frongillo E. A. , Loria C. M. , Weber S. A. , Collie‐Akers V. L. , McIver K. L. , Schultz J. , Sagatov R. D. F. , Leifer E. S. , Webb K. , Pate R. R. ,   on behalf of the Healthy Communities Study Team
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlthough a national epidemic of childhood obesity is apparent, how community‐based programmes and policies (CPPs) affect this outcome is not well understood.ObjectivesThis study examined the longitudinal relationship between the intensity of CPPs in 130 communities over 10 years and body mass index (BMI) of resident children. We also examined whether these relationships differ by key family or community characteristics.MethodsFive thousand one hundred thirty‐eight children in grades K‐8 were recruited through 436 schools located within 130 diverse US communities. Measures of height, weight, nutrition, physical activity and behavioural and demographic family characteristics were obtained during in‐home visits. A subsample of families consented to medical record review; these weight and height measures were used to calculate BMI over time for 3227 children. A total of 9681 CPPs were reported during structured interviews of 1421 community key informants, and used to calculate a time series of CPP intensity scores within each community over the previous decade. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess longitudinal relationships between childhood BMI and CPP intensity.ResultsAn average BMI difference of 1.4 kg/m2 (p‐value < 0.01) was observed between communities with the highest and lowest observed CPP intensity scores, after adjusting for community and child level covariates. BMI/CPP relationships differed significantly by child grade, race/ethnicity, family income and parental education; as well as community‐level race/ethnicity.ConclusionsThese results indicate that, over time, more intense CPP interventions are related to lower childhood BMI, and that there are disparities in this association by sociodemographic characteristics of families and communities.
Child neglect and abuse: a global glimpse within the framework of evidence perspective
Authors: Yıldız E. , Tanrıverdi D. 
Published: March 2018

AimThis systematic review was conducted in order to integrate evidence‐based knowledge and experience related to child neglect and abuse into the nursing literature.BackgroundThe negative and intense effects of neglect and abuse on an individual can last into adulthood. Nurses who are in close contact with such cases have an important role to play in detecting child neglect and abuse and supporting the families involved. When nurses fulfil this role, it is important that evidence‐based information and interventions are known to ensure that the process is a healthy one.Data sourcesMedline/Pubmed and Cochrane Library databases, from 2012 to 2016.Review methodsThe PRISMA guide, a basic search algorithm, was used as a basis for the review.ResultsThis systematic research involved 32 articles that met the criteria. When the characteristics of the studies were examined, it was found that one study dealt with physical abuse, seven studies dealt with sexual abuse, 21 studies with neglect and abuse and three studies with all abuse types. It was also found that 16% addressed intervention, 22% addressed the relationship between abuse and other factors, 31% addressed prevention and 31% addressed the defining dimension.ConclusionsIt has been found that, in general, all types of negligence and abuse are studied together and that nurses lack the knowledge and skills needed to assess childhood neglect and abuse.Implications for nursing and health policiesNurses have a critical role to play in identifying the dark spots and associated factors in the story of individuals because they are health professionals who are in close contact with patients. It is recommended that guidelines be developed and used in the diagnosis and treatment of abuse and neglect. Thus, in these cases, the standardization of care will be achieved.
Community case management and unplanned hospital admissions in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: King Anna Jyoti Louise , Johnson Rachel , Cramer Helen , Purdy Sarah , Huntley Alyson Louise 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to describe case management as experienced by patients with heart failure and their health professionals with the aim of understanding why case management might contribute in reducing hospital admissions.BackgroundHeart failure is a common cause of unplanned hospital admission. The evidence for case management in patients with heart failure for reducing admissions is promising.DesignSystematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis.Data sourceSearches were conducted in Medline, Psychinfo, Kings Fund database and Cinahl from inception of each database to 16 February 2017.Review methodsRobust systematic review methodology was used to identify qualitative studies describing the experiences of patients with heart failure and healthcare providers of case management. Data were synthesized thematically, and analytic themes were developed.FindingsFive studies (six papers) from which nine descriptive themes were used to determine three analytic themes. This synthesis showed that case management provides positive quality of care for patients, increases perceived access to services and creates more time to ask questions and develop trusted relationships. For health professionals, case management enhanced care by improved relationships with both patients and colleagues although concerns remained around resources, training and inter‐professional conflict.ConclusionsThis synthesis emphasizes the importance of the quality of being cared for as a patient and caring as a health professional. Case management enhances communication between patients and health professionals, supports patient self‐care and self‐management and can be an important contributing factor in reducing unplanned admissions for patients with heart failure.
What distinguishes adolescents with suicidal thoughts from those who have attempted suicide? A population‐based birth cohort study
Authors: Mars Becky , Heron Jon , Klonsky E. David , Moran Paul , O'Connor Rory C. , Tilling Kate , Wilkinson Paul , Gunnell David 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundOnly one‐third of young people who experience suicidal ideation attempt suicide. It is important to identify factors which differentiate those who attempt suicide from those who experience suicidal ideation but do not act on these thoughts.MethodsParticipants were 4,772 members of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK population‐based birth cohort. Suicide ideation and attempts were assessed at age 16 years via self‐report questionnaire. Multinomial regression was used to examine associations between factors that differentiated adolescents in three groups: no suicidal ideation or attempts, suicidal ideation only and suicide attempts. Analyses were conducted on an imputed data set based on those with complete outcome data (suicidal thoughts and attempts) at age 16 years (N = 4,772).ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in the sample was 9.6% and 6.8% respectively. Compared to adolescents who had experienced suicidal ideation, those who attempted suicide were more likely to report exposure to self‐harm in others (adjusted OR for family member self‐harm: 1.95, for friend self‐harm: 2.61 and for both family and friend self‐harm: 5.26). They were also more likely to have a psychiatric disorder (adjusted OR for depression: 3.63; adjusted OR for anxiety disorder: 2.20; adjusted OR for behavioural disorder: 2.90). Other risk factors included female gender, lower IQ, higher impulsivity, higher intensity seeking, lower conscientiousness, a greater number of life events, body dissatisfaction, hopelessness, smoking and illicit drug use (excluding cannabis).ConclusionsThe extent of exposure to self‐harm in others and the presence of psychiatric disorder most clearly differentiate adolescents who attempt suicide from those who only experience suicidal ideation. Further longitudinal research is needed to explore whether these risk factors predict progression from suicidal ideation to attempts over time.
Investigating Psychometric Isomorphism for Traditional and Performance‐Based Assessment
Authors: Fay Derek M. , Levy Roy , Mehta Vandhana 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA common practice in educational assessment is to construct multiple forms of an assessment that consists of tasks with similar psychometric properties. This study utilizes a Bayesian multilevel item response model and descriptive graphical representations to evaluate the psychometric similarity of variations of the same task. These approaches for describing the psychometric similarity of task variants were applied to two different types of assessments (one traditional assessment and one performance‐based assessment) with markedly different response formats. Due to the general nature of the multilevel item response model and graphical approaches that were utilized, the methods used for this work can readily be applied to many assessment contexts for the purposes of evaluating the psychometric similarity of tasks.
Detecting Nonadditivity in Single‐Facet Generalizability Theory Applications: Tukey's Test
Authors: Lin Chih‐Kai , Zhang Jinming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnder the generalizability‐theory (G‐theory) framework, the estimation precision of variance components (VCs) is of significant importance in that they serve as the foundation of estimating reliability. Zhang and Lin advanced the discussion of nonadditivity in data from a theoretical perspective and showed the adverse effects of nonadditivity on the estimation precision of VCs in 2016. Contributing to this line of research, the current article directs the discussion of nonadditivity from a theoretical perspective to a practical application and highlights the importance of detecting nonadditivity in G‐theory applications. To this end, Tukey's test for nonadditivity is the only method to date that is appropriate for the typical single‐facet G‐theory design, in which a single observation is made per element within a facet. The current article evaluates the Type I and Type II error rates of Tukey's test. Results show that Tukey's test is satisfactory in controlling for falsely detecting nonadditivity when the data are actually additive and that it is generally powerful in detecting nonadditivity when it exists. Finally, the article demonstrates an application of Tukey's test in detecting nonadditivity in a judgmental study of educational standards and shows how Tukey's test results can be used to correct imprecision in the estimated VC in the presence of nonadditivity.
Confidence Intervals for Weighted Composite Scores Under the Compound Binomial Error Model
Authors: Kim Kyung Yong , Lee Won‐Chan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractReporting confidence intervals with test scores helps test users make important decisions about examinees by providing information about the precision of test scores. Although a variety of estimation procedures based on the binomial error model are available for computing intervals for test scores, these procedures assume that items are randomly drawn from a undifferentiated universe of items, and therefore might not be suitable for tests developed according to a table of specifications. To address this issue, four interval estimation procedures that use category subscores for the computation of confidence intervals are presented in this article. All four estimation procedures assume that subscores instead of test scores follow a binomial distribution (i.e., compound binomial error model). The relative performance of the four compound binomial–based interval estimation procedures is compared to each other and to the better known normal approximation and Wilson score procedures based on the binomial error model.
What the Trial Judge Needs to Know about the Convention of 23 November 2007 on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance
Authors: Keith Robert E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSince the 1950s, there have been several international multi‐lateral treaties for recognition and enforcement of child and spousal support orders. They operated, primarily, in civil law countries where “creditor‐based jurisdiction” allowed establishment of an order in the country of habitual residence of the child or the custodial parent. The United States, requiring “minimum contacts” with the debtor to establish personal jurisdiction, could not be a party to such agreements. For nearly fifty years the U.S., and a few states, sought to fill the need for international reciprocity by negotiating individual country‐to‐country or state‐to‐country arrangements. With ratification of the 2007 Family Maintenance Convention, the United States was finally able to join in a multi‐lateral treaty. The treaty took effect in the United States on January 1, 2017, establishing procedures for international recognition, enforcement and modification of family support orders with 35 other countries already party to the Convention (including the entire European Union). The grand bargain struck during the negotiations between 2003 and 2007 was that the U.S. would honor a foreign order if, under the facts presented, there were sufficient minimum contacts with the debtor that would have supported personal jurisdiction if the order had been entered in any state in the U.S. If unable to recognize a foreign order, the U.S. agreed to take steps to issue a new one. The treaty establishes administrative procedures that, in many respects, are nearly identical to interstate enforcement of domestic support orders in this country. But there are also aspects of the treaty that are entirely new and warrant explanation for family and juvenile court judges. This article focuses on several unique provisions of the treaty that judges and attorneys need to understand.
A 21st Century Developmentally Appropriate Juvenile Probation Approach
Authors: Schwartz Robert G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrinciples of adolescent development have accelerated positive changes to the juvenile justice system. These changes have been most pronounced in reducing reliance on incarceration and in approaches to sentencing of youth tried as adults. While juvenile probation has made some developmentally friendly adjustments, it remains an area that is fertile for reform. Many of the principles and goals in this paper have been endorsed by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ), which “supports and is committed to juvenile probation systems that conform to the latest knowledge of adolescent development and adolescent brain science,” and which “recommends that courts cease imposing ‘conditions of probation’ and instead support probation departments’ developing, with families and youth, individualized case plans that set expectations and goals.”NCJFCJ's July, 2017 resolution in support of developmentally appropriate juvenile probation services built on earlier NCJFCJ policies. From the time NCJFCJ adopted Juvenile Delinquency Guidelines in 2005, those policies have grown increasingly robust.