bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological contracts of international business travellers
Authors: Atkinson Carol , Pareit Els 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of psychological contracts of international business travellers (IBTs), a new form of expatriate that has arisen from the growing need for alternative forms of internationally mobile talent. The research is conducted in Belgium, a country recognised as a global hub in which international assignments are essential to economic success.

Design/methodology/approach
Research in respect of IBTs is limited and semi-structured interviews are used to explore Belgian employee perspectives.

Findings
The contract is more relational in nature than might be expected with an idiosyncratic mix of relational and transactional obligations.

Research limitations/implications
The research is small-scale and qualitative and not widely generalisable. Further it presents only employee perspectives. Nevertheless it generates rich insights into a phenomena about which little is known.

Practical implications
The findings develop understanding of how to manage the valuable strategic resource that is the IBT.

Originality/value
First, the research is of value to the International Human Resource Management field in developing understanding of a newly emerging form of international employee, the IBT. Second, it contributes to psychological contract research in both developing understanding the transactional/relational balance and in generating much-needed rich and nuanced qualitative data.
Exploring presenteeism among hospital physicians through the perspective of job crafting
Authors: Giæver Fay , Løvseth Lise Tevik 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to seek a deeper understanding of presenteeism by utilising the perspective of job crafting to explore how a selected group of physicians make sense of their decision to attend work while ill and of their experience of doing so. Job crafting implies that employees not only respond to their job description, but also proactively change tasks, relationships and perceptions in order to experience work in meaningful ways.Design/methodology/approachA narrative methodological framework involving interviews was adopted to explore the ways in which a selected group of 20 Norwegian hospital physicians engaged in job crafting during presenteeism. The resulting data were analysed using theory-led thematic analysis utilizing the theoretical perspective of job crafting.FindingsIt was evident that physicians were indecisive and insecure when evaluating their own illness, and that, via task, relational and cognitive crafting, they trivialised, endured and showcased their illness, and engaged in presenteeism in various ways. Furthermore, physicians to some extent found themselves caught in dysfunctional circles by contributing to the creation of a work environment where presenteeism was maintained and seen as expected.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should address a wider range of contexts, and use longitudinal methods to explore the multifaceted, context-specific and evolving nature of presenteeism and job crafting in more depth. Interventions aimed at countering the negative implications of presenteeism should address the issue from both a social and a systemic point of view.Originality/valueThe findings extend the current understanding of presenteeism by demonstrating the multifaceted and evolving nature of the ways in which personal illness and presenteeism are perceived and enacted over time.
On the application of Lean principles and practices to innovation management
Authors: Solaimani Sam , Veen Jack van der , Sobek II Durward K. , Gulyaz Erdogan , Venugopal Venu 
Published: September 2019

PurposeIncreasingly, a firm’s innovation capability has become one of the key frontiers of competitive advantage. The Lean philosophy has a well-proven reputation for its focus on process efficiency and effectiveness, and therefore, is often applied in various areas of innovation. Such wide and ever-increasing applicability also has resulted in an incoherent corpus of literature on Lean innovation. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize an integrative view on Lean innovation management.Design/methodology/approachBased on a systematic literature review, the key Lean principles and practices useful in the context of innovation management are identified and synthesized into an all-inclusive framework. By means of three illustrative cases (i.e. public hospital, electronics company and avionics manufacturer), this paper elaborates on how the proposed framework can be applied.FindingsA total of 88 publications are analyzed, leading to 34 Lean principles and practices relevant to innovation management, which are further integrated into a comprehensive model, dubbed the “Leanovation” framework.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to advance the understanding of various interrelated and interdependent components of Lean innovation management in a holistic way.
Quantifying cryptic function loss during community disassembly
Authors: Terui Akira , Finlay Jacques C. , Hansen Amy T. , Kozarek Jessica L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Emerging theory suggests that the ecosystem‐level consequences of anthropogenic pressures depend on how species will be disassembled from ecological communities (i.e. the disassembly rule). Species loss, however, is not the sole ecological cause of ecosystem function loss: behaviours underpinning ecosystem function can also be disrupted by anthropogenic pressures without detectable declines of component species (‘cryptic function loss’).

Here, we introduce a novel framework that integrates behavioural responses into community disassembly metrics. We applied this framework to freshwater mussel communities (order Unionida) of the midwestern United States, in which intensive agricultural land use threatens stream biota. We combined a field experiment, meta‐analysis and watershed‐scale population dataset to assess how excessive sediment concentrations, one of the leading drivers of freshwater biodiversity loss, influence community‐level water clearance rates of freshwater mussels via behavioural (changes in mass‐specific clearance rate) and population (changes in population density) responses.

Our study provided three key insights. First, freshwater mussels exhibited high behavioural sensitivity to increased total suspended solids (TSS) across species (i.e. reduced water clearance rate), whereas population responses were highly species‐specific. Second, the behavioural response to increased TSS causes substantial cryptic function loss under stressful conditions: simulated water clearance rates when behavioural response is included can be less than half that of mussel communities with no behavioural response. Finally, simulations revealed that mussel communities are likely to show rapid but consistent rates of ecosystem function loss irrespective of disassembly rules. The similar rates of function loss are due to the uniform behavioural response to TSS that masks the linkage between population sensitivity of a species and its contribution to ecosystem function.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings suggest that ignoring behavioural processes may cause non‐negligible underestimation of ecosystem function loss during community disassembly, potentially leading to overly optimistic assessments of ecosystem resilience. Furthermore, unlike species declines or local extinctions, behaviour response tied to function loss may occur concurrently with increasing anthropogenic pressures. Therefore, managers should acknowledge the risk of immediate function loss after human‐induced environmental changes.
Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest
Authors: Guerrieri Rossella , Lecha Lucas , Mattana Stefania , Cáliz Joan , Casamayor Emilio O. , Barceló Anna , Michalski Greg , Peñuelas Josep , Avila Anna , Mencuccini Maurizio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Microbial activity plays a central role in nitrogen (N) cycling, with effects on forest productivity. Although N biotransformations, such as nitrification, are known to occur in the soil, here we investigate whether nitrifiers are present in tree canopies and actively process atmospheric N.

This study was conducted in a Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forest in Spain during the transition from hot dry summer to cool wet winter. We quantified —N and —N fluxes for rainfall (RF) and throughfall (TF) and used δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O to elucidate sources of . Finally, we characterized microbial communities and abundance of nitrifiers on foliage, RF and TF water through metabarcoding and quantitative polymerase chain reaction respectively.

NO3—N fluxes at the site were larger in TF than RF, suggesting a contribution from dry deposition, as also supported by δ15N and δ18O. However, Δ17O indicated that about 20% of in TF derived from canopies nitrification in August, after a severe drought, with a lower proportion in September (≈8%). This seasonal partitioning between biologically and atmospherically derived coincided with a decreasing trend of the abundance of archaeal nitrifiers. Tree canopies and TF had more diverse microbial communities than RF. Yet, RF showed higher variability in microbial composition, likely associated with the origin of air masses.

Synthesis. Atmospheric N deposition is significantly altered after passing through tree canopies. While nitrification has been proposed as one of the mechanisms responsible for these changes, very few studies directly investigate its occurrence. Here, we showed that nitrification by epiphytic leaf microbes contributed to increasing NO3 in TF and that nitrifiers' activity was reduced going from the dry and hot summer to the cool winter. Overall, these results highlight the power of coupling microbial community analysis, functional gene amplification and stable isotope approaches to examine ecosystem‐scale processes.
Thoracostomy in children with severe trauma: An overview of the paediatric experience in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Quinn Nuala , Palmer Cameron S , Bernard Stephen , Noonan Michael , Teague Warwick J 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThoracic trauma is a leading cause of paediatric trauma deaths. Traumatic cardiac arrest, tension pneumothorax and massive haemothorax are life‐threatening conditions requiring emergency and definitive pleural decompression. In adults, thoracostomy is increasingly preferred over needle thoracocentesis for emergency pleural decompression. The present study reports on the early experience of thoracostomy in children, to inform debate regarding the best approach for emergency pleural compression in paediatric trauma.MethodsRetrospective review of Ambulance Victoria and The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Trauma Registry between August 2016 and February 2019 to identify children undergoing thoracostomy for trauma, either pre‐hospital or in the ED.ResultsFourteen children aged 1.2–15 years underwent 23 thoracostomy procedures over the 31 month period. The majority of patients sustained transport‐related injuries, and underwent thoracostomies for the primary indications of hypoxia and hypotension. Two children were in traumatic cardiac arrest. Ten children underwent needle thoracocentesis prior to thoracostomy, but all required thoracostomy to achieve the necessary definitive decompression. All patients were severely injured with multiple‐associated serious injuries and median Injury Severity Score 35.5 (17–75), three of whom died from their injuries. Thoracostomy in our cohort had a low complication rate.ConclusionIn severely injured children, thoracostomy is an effective and reliable method to achieve emergency pleural decompression, including in the young child. The technical challenges presented by children are real, but can be addressed by training to support a low complication rate. We recommend thoracostomy over needle thoracocentesis as the first‐line intervention in children with traumatic cardiac arrest, tension pneumothorax and massive haemothorax. [Correction added on 23 September 2019 after first online publication: in the second sentence of the conclusion, the words “under review process” were mistakenly added and have been removed.]
Air‐side ammonia stripping coupled to anaerobic digestion indirectly impacts anaerobic microbiome
Authors: Fernandez‐Gonzalez Nuria , Pedizzi Chiara , Lema Juan M. , Carballa Marta 
Published: September 2019

SummaryAir‐side stripping without a prior solid–liquid phase separation step is a feasible and promising process to control ammonia concentration in thermophilic digesters. During the process, part of the anaerobic biomass is exposed to high temperature, high pH and aerobic conditions. However, there are no studies assessing the effects of those harsh conditions on the microbial communities of thermophilic digesters. To fill this knowledge gap, the microbiomes of two thermophilic digesters (55°C), fed with a mixture of pig manure and nitrogen‐rich co‐substrates, were investigated under different organic loading rates (OLR: 1.1–5.2 g COD l−1 day−1), ammonia concentrations (0.2–1.5 g free ammonia nitrogen l−1) and stripping frequencies (3–5 times per week). The bacterial communities were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, while the predominant methanogens were Methanosarcina sp archaea. Increasing co‐substrate fraction, OLR and free ammonia nitrogen (FAN) favoured the presence of genera Ruminiclostridium, Clostridium and Tepidimicrobium and of hydrogenotrophic methanogens, mainly Methanoculleus archaea. The data indicated that the use of air‐side stripping did not adversely affect thermophilic microbial communities, but indirectly modulated them by controlling FAN concentrations in the digester. These results demonstrate the viability at microbial community level of air side‐stream stripping process as an adequate technology for the ammonia control during anaerobic co‐digestion of nitrogen‐rich substrates.
Financing Sustainable Infrastructure Development in South Asia: The Case of AIIB
Authors: Kumar Nagesh , Arora Ojasvee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs a subregion with huge unmet needs for physical infrastructure, South Asian countries welcomed the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as a new multilateral development bank (MDB) to help close some of their financing gaps. Not only were the South Asian countries among the founding members of the new bank, they have also emerged as its important borrowers. Starting operations in January 2016, AIIB has had only three years of operations. Three years is not a long time for evolution of an MDB from scratch, but it can give an indication of the shape of things to come. This note briefly reviews AIIB's operations in South Asia, a subregion facing some of the widest gaps in providing sustainable and resilient infrastructure to all its people as enunciated in the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development.
History and development of plastination techniques
Authors: von Horst Christoph , von Hagens Rurik , Sora Constantin‐Mircea , Henry Robert W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlastination was a game‐changing invention for macroscopic anatomical preparation. The method yielded dry, odourless, tangible and durable specimens which allowed new exhibition and teaching set‐ups and paved the way for sophisticated preparations and spectacular positioning of specimens. Despite the impact of the new method, there have been similar techniques in place before. Exsiccation techniques, polymer embeddings and specimen impregnation with hardening substances were earlier methods which already included the main concepts that were later combined and refined in plastination. S10 silicone plastination, the technique most commonly known and applied, was followed by plastination methods suitable for research and sectional anatomy teaching. Numerous variations of sheet plastination techniques allow research applications and new ways of presenting topographic relations and mesoscopic insights. Besides the development of plastination techniques in sensu stricto, related techniques had a renaissance with new applications and developments, including corrosion casting and diaphonization methods. This brief review shall provide a historical context of plastination including some anecdotal spotlights on the ideas and innovations that lead to nowadays plastination techniques.
Value of ST‐segment change in lead aVR in diagnosing left main disease in Non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome—A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Gien‐Kuo , Hsieh Yen‐Ping , Hsu Shang‐Wei , Lan Shou‐Jen , Soni Kshitij 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious researches proved that the ST‐segment elevation (STE) in lead aVR had great significance on the prediction of severe left main lesion or serious multivessel lesions. The current research is to summarize the published data and evaluate the overall association of STE in lead aVR and left main coronary artery disease (LMD) in Non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome.MethodsLiterature searching was performed in the online database, and a systematic review was conducted based on the searched results. Meaningful STE in lead aVR was summarized and analyzed for odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsTwenty‐seven articles were included for final data analysis. Compared with STE < 0.05, STE ≥ 0.05 mV was associated with a higher incidence rate of LMD (OR = 6.64, 95% CI: 4.80 ~ 9.17), and the degree of STE in lead aVR was significantly associated with LMD. Myocardial infarction was more likely to occur in patients with STE ≥ 0.05 mV than in patients with STE < 0.05 mV (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.73 ~ 5.62).ConclusionsThe STE in lead aVR and the degree of STE are independent predictors in diagnosing LMD or myocardial infarction.
No effect of a musical intervention on stress response to venepuncture in a neonatal population
Authors: Howard Caoimhe , Powell Anna S. , Pavlidis Elena , Pavel Andreea , Finn Daragh , Allen Andrew , Olavarria‐Ramirez Loreto , Clarke Gerard , Livingstone Vicki , Boylan Geraldine B. , Dempsey Eugene M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of a musical intervention on neonatal stress response to venepuncture as measured by salivary cortisol levels and pain profile scores.MethodsIn a randomised control crossover trial, participants were randomised to both a control arm (sucrose) and intervention arm (sucrose and music) for routine venepuncture procedures. Salivary swabs were collected at baseline, 20 minutes post‐venepuncture and 4 hours post‐venepuncture. Pain levels were assessed using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP). A total of 16 preterm neonates participated in both arms to complete the study.ResultsCortisol values were elevated at all timepoints in the intervention arm (baseline, 20 minutes, and 4 hours post‐procedure) but not significantly so (P = .056, P = .3, and P = .575, respectively). Median change in cortisol values from baseline was +128.48 pg/mL (−47.66 to 517.02) at 20 minutes and +393.52 pg/mL (47.88‐1221.34) at 4 hours post‐procedure in the control arm compared to −69.564 pg/mL (−860.96 to 397.289) and +100.48 pg/mL (−560.46 to 842.99) at 20 minutes and 4 hours post‐procedure in the intervention arm. There was no statistically significant difference observed between groups (P = .311 at 20 minutes, and P = .203 at 4 hours post‐procedure). PIPP scores were not significantly different between study arms.ConclusionOur findings did not support the additional benefit of music intervention on neonatal stress response to venepuncture in preterm infants.
Survey by TEDDY European Network of Excellence for Paediatric Clinical Research demonstrates potential for Europe‐wide trials
Authors: Ruggieri Lucia , Bonifazi Donato , Landi Annalisa , Bonifazi Fedele , Bartoloni Franco , Costello Mary , Felisi Maria Grazia , Gasthuys Elke , Godo Anila , Martinon Torres Federico , Nadal David , Nuytinck Lieve , Rocchi Francesca , Turner Mark , Ceci Adriana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe European Network of Excellence for Paediatric Clinical Research, known as the TEDDY Network, carried out a survey to determine the capacity and competence of paediatric centres to perform research studies.MethodsA cross‐sectional, web‐based pilot survey was conducted from October 2016 to April 2017 with paediatric clinical research centres in 11 countries: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. All were registered with the TEDDY Network database.ResultsWe approached 107 centres and 63 provided data on their experiences and expertise in paediatric clinical trials. Four groups of performance indicators were identified, referring to scientific experience, trial readiness, trial competence, regulatory issues, ethics and patients. Most centres were actively involved in paediatric clinical research: 53 centres (84.1%) had received funds for more than five paediatric studies in the last 5 years, and 42 (66.7%) had a specific clinical trial unit and dedicated study coordinators. We concluded that the European centres we studied had the capability and capacity to conduct paediatric trials, but there was still room for improvement, including enhanced collaboration.ConclusionThis pilot survey demonstrated that there is potential for performing paediatric trials across Europe, but improvements are possible.
Taking on the Taliban: Ethical issues at the frontline of academia
Authors: Ahmad Ayesha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article reflects on the challenges of developing academic research that is undertaken to create social change. I describe the ways that my research has been generated and guided by activism. Even though the descriptor of my research interests is generally gender‐based violence and mental health, my research is situated within an ongoing political discourse that fundamentally opposes and normatively challenges ideologies such as those implemented at a governmental level during the Taliban regime in Afghanistan that continue to have power over Afghan women’s lives. I critique the emergence of two research projects that work with women survivors of violence and develop trauma therapeutic interventions using traditional storytelling. My positionality as a woman of Muslim origin and an academic in the U.K. resulted in inescapable juxtapositions and the necessary blurring of the boundaries between personal and professional viewpoints as well as highlighting the potency of traumatic stories in contexts of conflict, oppression, silencing and marginalization. I go on to explain why I have a moral obligation as an ethicist working in global health, with resources and expertise, to systematically develop my research questions and objectives in accordance with the end‐goal of tackling and deconstructing harmful ideologies and practices towards women and girls in societies marred by the violent complexities of national and international conflicts.