bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structured Education for Sustainable Employment: Technology Enabled Queueing Theory Applications
Authors: Garimella Bhaskar , Shenoy Sandeep , Pai Rashmi Yogesh , Shetty Rishali 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Unemployment is a serious challenge that has been rising day by day. Skill development and creation of employment opportunities are key factors to address youth unemployment. This study emphasizes on the need for job-oriented education and to link education to employment. This study derives a mathematical model and tests the same using live university hiring data and attempts to integrate the three stakeholders, employers, education providers, and the young, each of whom have a unique approach, expectation, and understanding of the paradigm. Novel methodology inclusive of empirical evidence-based integration of objective fulfillment drafted into institutional pedagogy can help increase the success rate of education to employment from an Indian context especially Indian girls and women. The study outlines specific aspects of analytical intervention in this regard and focus-es on systematic training programs exclusively for vocational and skills amelioration executed to ad-dress this multidimensional challenge by adopting easily implementable software methodologies that are more easily implementable over a wide area network or an Internet-based application engine powered by information communication technology.
Segurança contra incêndios em edificações de interesse social: estudo de caso
Authors: Pereira Aderson Guimarães , González Miguel León 
Published: May 2018

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as condições de segurança contra incêndios em edificações de interesse social pós-ocupação, sendo dado ênfase aos conjuntos habitacionais provenientes do Programa PROVER (antigo Cingapura), no Município de São Paulo. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo e trata-se de um estudo de caso, a qual utilizou como procedimentos metodológicos a revisão bibliográfica, documental e a pesquisa de campo. Na pesquisa de campo utilizou-se de questionários e entrevistas, para verificar: as condições de manutenção e funcionamento dos equipamentos de proteção contra incêndios pós-ocupação; o nível de conscientização dos moradores e responsáveis pelo conjunto habitacional quanto à segurança contra incêndios; a participação dos órgãos públicos (Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo - PMSP e Corpo de Bombeiros da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo - CBPMESP) junto à comunidade e no processo de fiscalização nos conjuntos. Foi também realizada consulta técnica ao Corpo de Bombeiros de São Paulo sobre as características construtivas da edificação. A pesquisa fundamenta-se em estudos sobre: política de habitação e segurança contra incêndios.

O estudo de caso realizou-se no Conjunto Habitacional Zaki Narchi, o qual está localizado na Avenida Zaki Narchi, no 626, entre o córrego do Carandiru e a rua Antônio dos Santos Neto, Bairro Carandiru, no Município de São Paulo - SP. O conjunto é composto por 35 prédios de cinco andares, quatro apartamentos por andar (total de 700 apartamentos). Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de que as instituições públicas, em especial ao Corpo de Bombeiros da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo, em conjunto com a Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, atuem na ação de educação pública, quanto à prevenção de incêndios e orientações aos usuários destas edificações.
Commercial exploitation as a pest control tool for introduced mammals in New Zealand
Authors: Parkes John P. , Nugent Graham , Warburton Bruce 
Published: May 2018

Factors that determine whether commercial exploitation of introduced mammals in New Zealand provides a useful method for reducing their densities and therefore their impacts on native biota are examined. The history of commercial harvesting of three introduced species, red deer Cervus elaphus, Himalayan thar Hemitragus jemlahicus and possums Trichosurus vulpecula is described. It is then assessed why the conservation outcomes of this harvesting have differed for these three species and an attempt is made to define some general rules about where and when commercial exploitation is a useful pest control tool. Commercial harvesters of red deer for game meat and byproducts have harvested over 2 million deer since 1960 and reduced the national population from over 1 million to a current population size of ca 250,000 deer, a 75% reduction overall. Current annual harvests average ca 20,000 deer, with annual variations explained largely (r2 = 0.89) by the price of venison. Commercial harvesting of thar for game meat between 1971 and 1982 killed at least 39,000 thar and reduced the population by over 90% to <5,000 animals. After the peak harvests before 1976, low annual harvests of only a few hundred animals were able to be sustained as thar were killed as bycatch of the deer industry ‐ but the harvest was stopped between 1983 and 1994 because of pressure from recreational hunters. Commercial exploitation of possums for fur began in 1921, with over 56 million skins being exported. The annual harvest is correlated with the price of furs. Compared with deer or thar, the prices paid per possum are low, and possums are much more abundant (ca 60 million) and ubiquitous pests. The annual harvests of possums have therefore been variable and never sufficient to have more than locally significant effects on population densities.
Impact of exotic generalist predators on the native fauna of Australia
Authors: Dickman Chris R. 
Published: May 2018

This paper reviews the impacts of three species of introduced mammalian predators on native fauna in Australia. The feral cat Felis catus, introduced over 200 years ago, is linked with early continental extinctions of up to seven species of mammals, regional and insular extinctions of many more species of mammals and birds, and the failure of management programs attempting to reintroduce threatened native species to parts of their former ranges. Evidence for cat‐impact is largely historical and circumstantial, but supported by observations that afflicted native species are, or were, small (<200 g) occupants of open habitat and hence likely to be especially vulnerable to cat predation. The red fox Vulpes vulpes was released successfully in 1871. Its subsequent spread into all except parts of arid and tropical Australia coincided with local and regional declines of medium‐sized (450 – 5,000 g) mammals, birds and chelid tortoises. The fox has also created recent failures of many management attempts to recover threatened native species. Unequivocal demonstration of fox‐impact has been obtained in removal experiments, especially on rock‐wallabies Petrogale lateralis. The dingo Canis lupus dingo, introduced 3,500–4,000 years ago, probably caused the extinction of the thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus and Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii on mainland Australia. It effectively suppresses extant populations of large mammals, such as kangaroos, and emus, over large areas. Impacts of all three predators are wrought primarily by direct predation. Negative impacts appear to be increased in spatially fragmented forests where native species are restricted to remnant vegetation, and in arid landscapes when native species become restricted temporarily to scattered oases during drought. Alternative prey, especially rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, enhance negative impacts on native species by supporting large populations of the predators. It is concluded that feral cats and especially foxes have major negative impacts on certain small and medium‐sized native vertebrates in Australia, whereas dingoes have major negative impacts on large species. Dingoes could have positive effects on smaller native species if they significantly suppress populations of foxes and cats. Further quantification of both the direct and indirect impacts of the three predators on native fauna is needed, and should be obtained from experimental field studies.
Dilemma of wildlife management and introductions in Hungary: Pheasant Phasianus colchicus as an example
Authors: Sugár László , Csányi Sándor , Faragó Sándor 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCaptive breeding and release of the ring‐necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus became very intensive in Hungary in the 1960s. In the peak year of 1977 over one million birds were harvested which was a 4‐fold increase compared to the late 1960s. In the late 1970s about one million birds were released annually. In the 1980s the number of harvested pheasants started to decrease in spite of the fact that more and more birds were released (about 1,8 million in 1990). The spring population size of the pheasant has decreased from nearly 2.5 million in the late 1970s to 700,000 in 1995. The most important factor responsible for the decline is the loss of favourable habitat due to large‐scale agriculture. Moreover, the increased proportion of released birds into the female pheasant population lowers the number of recruits per adult hen as has been shown in England. The mortality of wild hens and their progeny might also increase because of increased predation pressure and diseases e.g. botulotoxicosis ‐ which both result from the increased density due to the massive releases. It is now evident that improving habitat quality would be a better way to manage pheasant as well as other wildlife populations in Hungary, and a management program towards that end has been initiated.
The introduced raccoon Procyon lotor population in Germany
Authors: Lutz Walburga 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe raccoon Procyon lotor has been naturalised in Germany since 1927. The most dense populations exist in the states Hessia, Northrhine‐Westphalia and Lower Saxony followed by Bavaria, Thuringia, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern. By 1985, the raccoon had crossed the borders to Germany's neighbouring countries with the exception of the Danish and Polish borders. The factors limiting population growth are the numbers of suitable resting and breeding places ‐ for which raccoons prefer oaks and beeches ‐ and food supply. The raccoon has not been shown to negatively affect any indigenous wildlife species. In Hessia, plant matter, invertebrates and vertebrates each make up about one third of the diet of the raccoon. Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish are important in winter and spring. Invertebrates can be found in considerable amounts all year long, with the maximum percentages found in summer. Plants are the main source of food in autumn. The raccoon has not yet become a problematic species, not even in urban areas. However, cases of rabies in raccoons in Germany have been documented, although seldom compared to fox Vulpes vulpes, marten Martes spp. and deer, e.g Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus and Dama dama. Raccoons are also known as carriers of infectious diseases such as canine distemper, panleucopenia, Aujeszky's disease, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus. The first case of human infection by a parasite, the ascarid Baylisascaris procyonis, from a pet raccoon was reported in 1991. The extermination of the raccoon population is not considered to be feasible. The yearly hunting bag of raccoons in Germany comprises 2,000–3,000 individuals.
Sign surveys for estimating trend of a remnant brown bear Ursus arctos population in northern spain
Authors: Clevenger Anthony P. , Purroy Francisco J. 
Published: May 2018

Brown bears Ursus arctos in Spain's Cantabrian Mountains are continuing to decline in numbers despite their protected status. Recovery plans for this population stress the need for monitoring of occupied habitat using non‐intrusive methods. A population monitoring program to estimate bear abundance indices by quantifying tracks and scats (sign surveys) along a network of survey routes was designed. Each route was divided into consecutive 1,6‐km segments, which comprised the basic sampling unit, and were assumed to provide independent observations. During a 3‐year pilot study surveys were run twice per year, totaling 70 routes, including 950 segments, and covering over 1,500 km annually. Averages of 0.06 sign per segment were observed; only 4% of the segments had sign. It is concluded that the present sampling scheme does not provide enough statistical power to accurately detect significant declines in population level. The difficulties of monitoring trends of low density populations using surveys are recognized. However, by increasing the sampling intensity, more reliable information and greater precision of the population trend estimate should be obtainable. Thus, a future monitoring strategy should be based on increasing sampling intensity and closely monitoring bear distribution and occurrence.
Bed‐site selection by adult roe deerCapreolus capreolusin southern Norway during summer
Authors: Mysterud Atle 
Published: May 2018

Bed‐sites of radio‐collared adult roe deerCapreolus capreoluswere identified during summer 1994 in the Lier valley, southern Norway. Site characteristics were measured at the bed‐site and at a randomly chosen site 50 m away. Roe deer preferred to bed down below dense canopy cover, but showed no preference for bedding close to tree trunks. The availability of herbs was higher at bed‐sites than at random sites, and higher at bed‐sites used by females than at bed‐sites used by males. On warm days the abundance of herbs at bed‐sites was lower than on cold days, indicating movement away from feeding sites. During warm days roe deer selected bed‐sites with humid substrates, probably to increase heat loss by conduction. Bed‐sites were well concealed.
Private Gardens as Urban Greenspaces: Can They Compensate for Poor Greenspace Access in Lower Socioeconomic Neighbourhoods?
Authors: Mahmoudi Farahani Leila , Maller Cecily , Phelan Kath 
Published: May 2018

The increasing process of urbanisation has major implications for the environment, biodiversity, and health and well-being of urban residents. Empirical evidence for urban greening benefits suggests that it is an appropriate planning and policy approach for tackling some of the problems associated with urbanisation, including biodiversity loss and heat island effects. Gardens on private residential lots represent a substantial proportion of greenspaces in low density cities with extensive suburban areas. Drawing on a qualitative study of residents in Sunshine North, Melbourne, Australia, this paper discusses three questions about the relationship of private gardens to public greenspaces:1) how does residents’ use of private gardens impact their use of other neighbourhood greenspaces;2) can private gardens address inequality of access to greenspaces in lower income neighbourhoods; and,3) what does this imply for planning and neighbourhood design?Contrary to previous research, the findings did not show a meaningful relationship between residents’ use of their gardens and local greenspaces, and further, that large yards and gardens do not substitute for poor access to local greenspaces. The paper concludes that policy makers and planners cannot assume private gardens and public greenspaces are interchangeable. While private gardens and local greenspaces can both provide positive benefits to residents, private gardens do not act as a substitute for local greenspaces in neighbourhoods of varying socio-economic status.
Etnomatematika: Eksplorasi dalam Permainan Tradisional Jawa
Authors: Risdiyanti Irma , Prahmana Rully Charitas Indra 
Published: May 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi terkait hubungan antara matematika dengan budaya, khususnya dalam kebudayaan masyarakat Jawa yang ada di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnografi yang merupakan sebuah pendekatan teoritis dan empiris untuk mendapatkan deskripsi dan analisis mendalam tentang sebuah budaya berdasarkan catatan lapangan yang telah diperoleh dari hasil pengumpulan data. Fokus dalam penelitian ini yaitu eksplorasi etnomatematika dalam permainan tradisional masyarakat Jawa, seperti permainan tradisional Kubuk, Kubuk Manuk, Dhukter, Macanan, dan Jeg-Jegan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa permainan tradisional dalam kebudayaan masyarakat Jawa memiliki berbagai konsep matematika, seperti operasi bilangan, bangun datar, kesebangunan, kekongruenan, perbandingan bilangan, dan relasi. Selain itu, permainan tradisional tersebut juga mengandung nilai-nilai budaya, yang mulai ditinggalkan oleh sebagian masyarakat.
Kata kunci: etnomatematika, permainan tradisional, budaya Jawa, etnografi.

ABSTRACT
The study aims to explore the correlation between mathematics and Javanese culture, especially in Yogyakarta. This research uses etnography approach, that is empirical and theoritical approach to get the description and deep analysis about a culture based on the field note which has been obtained from the data collection. The focus of this research is study etnomathematics in Javanese traditional games namely Kubuk, Kubuk Manuk, Dhukter, Macanan, and Jeg-Jegan. The result shows that Javanese traditional games have the concepts of mathematics, such as number operations, plane, congruence, proportion number, and relation. In addition, the traditional games also contain cultural values, which began to be left by some people.
Keywords: ethnomathematics, traditional games, Javanese culture, ethnography
Setting pressure can change the size and shape of MRI artifacts caused by adjustable shunt valves: a study of the 4 newest models
Authors: Uchida Daiki , Amano Yuki , Nakatogawa Hirokazu , Masui Takayuki , Ando Naoto , Nakayama Teiji , Sato Haruhiko , Sameshima Tetsuro , Tanaka Tokutaro 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVEAdjustable shunt valves that have been developed for the management of hydrocephalus all rely on intrinsically magnetic components, and artifacts with these valves on MRI are thus inevitable. The authors have previously reported that the shapes of shunt artifacts differ under different valve pressures with the proGAV 2.0 valve. In the present study the authors compared the size and shape of artifacts at different pressure settings with 4 new-model shunt valves.METHODSThe authors attached 4 new models of MRI-resistant shunt valve to the temporal scalp of a healthy volunteer: the proGAV 2.0; Codman Certas Plus; Polaris; and Strata MR. They set 3 different scales of pressures for each valve, depending on magnet orientation to the body axis. Artifacts were evaluated and compared among all valves on a 3.0-T GE scanner and 2 valves were also evaluated on a Philips scanner and a Siemens scanner. In-plane artifact sizes were evaluated as the maximum distance of the artifact from the expected scalp.RESULTSThe sizes and shapes of artifacts changed depending on valve pressure for all valves on the 3 different MRI scanners. Artifacts were less prominent on spin echo sequences than on gradient echo sequences. For diffusion-weighted imaging and time-of-flight MR angiography, the authors matched image numbers within the same sequence and compared appearances of artifacts. For all valves, the number of images affected by artifacts and the image number showing the largest artifact differed among valve settings.CONCLUSIONSArtifacts of all adjustable shunt valves showed gross changes corresponding to pressure setting. Not only the maximum distance of artifacts but also the shape changed significantly. The authors suggest that changing pressure settings offers one of the easiest ways to minimize artifacts on MRI.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of proactive Gamma Knife surgery for asymptomatic meningiomas compared with the natural course without intervention
Authors: Kim Kyung Hwan , Kang So Jeong , Choi Jung-Won , Kong Doo-Sik , Seol Ho Jun , Nam Do-Hyun , Lee Jung-Il 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to verify the effect of proactive Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in the treatment of asymptomatic meningioma compared with the natural course without any therapeutic intervention.METHODSFrom January 2006 to May 2017, 354 patients newly diagnosed with asymptomatic meningioma were reviewed and categorized into GKS (n = 153) and observation (n = 201) groups. Clinical and radiological progression rates were examined, and changes in volume were analyzed.RESULTSClinical progression (i.e., clinician-judged progression), combining symptomatic progression (n = 43) and clinician-judged increase in size using images routinely acquired (n = 34), occurred in 4 patients (2.6%) and 73 patients (36.3%) in the GKS and observation groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The clinical progression-free survival (PFS) rates in the GKS and observation groups were 98.7% and 64.6%, respectively, at 5 years (p < 0.001), and 92.9% and 42.7%, respectively, at 10 years (p < 0.001). The radiological tumor control rate was 94.1% in the GKS group, and radiological progression was noted in 141 patients (70.1%) in the observation group. The radiological PFS rates in the GKS and observation groups were 94.4% and 38.5%, respectively, at 5 years (p < 0.001), and 88.5% and 7.9%, respectively, at 10 years (p < 0.001). Young age, absence of calcification, peritumoral edema, and high T2 signal intensity were correlated with clinical progression in the observation group. Volumetric analysis showed that untreated tumors gradually increased in size. However, GKS-treated tumors shrank gradually, although transient volume expansion was observed in the first 6 months. Adverse events developed in 26 of the 195 GKS-treated patients (13.3%), including 1 (0.5%) major event requiring microsurgery due to severe edema after GKS. Peritumoral edema was related to the development of adverse events (p = 0.004).CONCLUSIONSAsymptomatic meningioma is a benign disease; however, nearly two-thirds of patients experience tumor growth and one-third of untreated patients eventually require neurosurgical interventions during watchful waiting. GKS can control tumors clinically and radiologically with high probability. Although the risk of transient adverse events exists, proactive GKS may be a reasonable treatment option when there are no comorbidities limiting life expectancy.
Semi-automated application for estimating subthalamic nucleus boundaries and optimal target selection for deep brain stimulation implantation surgery
Authors: Thompson John A. , Oukal Salam , Bergman Hagai , Ojemann Steven , Hebb Adam O. , Hanrahan Sara , Israel Zvi , Abosch Aviva 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVEDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become standard care for the surgical treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Reliable interpretation of microelectrode recording (MER) data, used to guide DBS implantation surgery, requires expert electrophysiological evaluation. Recent efforts have endeavored to use electrophysiological signals for automatic detection of relevant brain structures and optimal implant target location.The authors conducted an observational case-control study to evaluate a software package implemented on an electrophysiological recording system to provide online objective estimates for entry into and exit from the STN. In addition, they evaluated the accuracy of the software in selecting electrode track and depth for DBS implantation into STN, which relied on detecting changes in spectrum activity.METHODSData were retrospectively collected from 105 MER-guided STN-DBS surgeries (4 experienced neurosurgeons; 3 sites), in which estimates for entry into and exit from the STN, DBS track selection, and implant depth were compared post hoc between those determined by the software and those determined by the implanting neurosurgeon/neurophysiologist during surgery.RESULTSThis multicenter study revealed submillimetric agreement between surgeon/neurophysiologist and software for entry into and exit out of the STN as well as optimal DBS implant depth.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study demonstrate that the software can reliably and accurately estimate entry into and exit from the STN and select the track corresponding to ultimate DBS implantation.