bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity of the Reader’s Voice in the Reading Aloud of Fiction: Effects of the Character’s Gender
Authors: Stolarski Łukasz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The speaker’s gender is a crucial factor affecting the acoustic features of the voice. One such feature is voice intensity, also known as sound pressure level (SPL). Previous studies have indicated that the female voice may involve lower values of SPL than the male voice. Moreover, there are suggestions that the variability of voice intensity tends to be lower for women than for men as well.
The major aim of this paper is to examine the effects of literary character’s gender on the reader’s SPL, measured in decibels (dB), and the variability of voice intensity, measured as the standard deviation (SD) of SPL, while reading prose aloud. The secondary aims are to investigate the general shifts of SPL and SD of SPL in dialogues independently of other variables and to consider the possible effects of the reader’s gender and the reader’s dialect. In order to accomplish these tasks, a representative sample of dialogue excerpts with male and female characters was used. Each fragment was located in the corresponding audiobook and analysed in terms of the two acoustic features under discussion. Typical values of SPL and the SD of SPL for different readers were measured in the entire chapters from which fragments were selected and the results were compared with those obtained from the extracts. In this way, it was possible to establish the relative shifts of SPL and the SD of SPL for each of the analysed fragments.
Contrary to what had been expected, a statistical analysis of the results revealed no effects of the character’s gender on any of the response variables. However, conclusions concerning secondary aims were more definitive. A general trend to decrease the SD of SPL in dialogues in comparison to the rest of the text in a novel was observed. This tendency is independent of any of the factors included in the study. It was also observed that male American readers tend to lower their voice intensity when reading dialogues. All these findings may be applied in developing text to speech software.
The Status of Old English Dare Revisited
Authors: Gregersen Sune 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The development of dare in the history of English has played an important role in the literature on grammatical change and (de)grammaticalization. This paper aims to clarify two issues regarding the syntax and semantics of dare in earlier English: when it is first attested with to-infinitives, and to what extent it can be said to have been semantically ‘bleached’ in a number of Old English attestations. The conclusions are, firstly, that dare is not attested with to-infinitives in Old English (paceTomaszewska 2014), and that a number of Middle English attestations that have been suggested in the literature are not convincing (paceVisser 1963–73; Beths 1999; Molencki 2005). Secondly, it is argued that the co-occurrence of dare and verbs like gedyrstlæcan ‘venture, be bold, presume’ in Old English is not an indication of semantic ‘bleaching’ of dare, and that the verb was not more ‘auxiliarized’ in Old English than it is today.
“Gold … Was Certainly Very Attractive; But He Did Not Like New South Wales as a Country in Which to Live.” The Representation of Australian Society in Trollope’s John Caldigate
Authors: Setecka Agnieszka 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Australia features in numerous Victorian novels either as a place of exile or a land of new opportunities, perhaps the most memorable image of the country having been presented in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations (1861). Anthony Trollope’s writing, however, offers a much more extensive and complex presentation of Australian life as seen by a Victorian English gentleman. In his Australian fictions, including Harry Heathcote of Gangoil (1874), Catherine Carmichael (1878), and John Caldigate (1879), he presents Australia both as a land of new opportunities and as a place where social hierarchy as it is known in England is upturned and social boundaries either disregarded or drawn along different lines. The present article is concerned with the ways in which Trollope’s John Caldigate represents differences in the structure of English and Australian society, stressing the latter’s lack of a clear class hierarchy characteristic of social organisation “back home”. The society of Australia is presented as extremely plastic and mobile - both in terms of space and structure. Consequently, it can hardly be contained within a stiffly defined hierarchy, and it seems to defy the rules of social organisation that are accepted as natural and obvious in England. In Trollope’s fiction success in Australia depends to a large extent on hard work, ability to withstand the hardships of life with no luxuries, and thrift, and thus on personal virtues, but the author nevertheless suggests that it is defined solely by economic capital at the cost of cultural capital, so significant in England.
Postural Response Signal Characteristics Identified by Method of Developed Statokinesigram
Authors: Barbolyas Boris , Vajsábel Michal , Belavý Cyril , Hučko Branislav , Dedík Ladislav 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Human postural system is taken as complex biological system with specific input and output time characteristics, in this study. Evaluation of measured output characteristics is useful in medical diagnostics or in describing postural system disorders. System theory principle provide suitable basis for postural signals analysis. Participating volunteers were instructed to maintain quiet upright stance posture on firm support surface of stabilometric platform for 60s. Postural system actuation was realized by vibration stimuli applied bilaterally on Achilles tendons for 20s. Postural reaction signal, its time profile and static and dynamic characteristics were evaluated by Method of Developed Statokinesigram Trajectory (MDST).
New number fields with known p-class tower
Authors: Mayer Daniel C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The p-class tower F∞
p (k) of a number field k is its maximal unramified pro-p extension. It is considered to be known when the p-tower group, that is the Galois group G := Gal(F∞
p (k)|k), can be identified by an explicit presentation. The main intention of this article is to characterize assigned finite 3-groups uniquely by abelian quotient invariants of subgroups of finite index, and to provide evidence of actual realizations of these groups by 3-tower groups G of real quadratic fields K = ℚ( √d) with 3-capitulation type (0122) or (2034).
Updating Material Factors for Assessment of Historic Reinforced Concrete Bridge
Authors: Krejsa Jan , Sýkora Miroslav 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper is focused on the reliability analysis of an existing reinforced concrete bridge from 1908. The load bearing capacity is assessed in accordance with valid standards using updated partial factors and the partial factors for structural design. Load bearing capacities obtained by these methods are critically compared. The application of the updated partial factors leads to 15% higher load bearing capacity than the ordinary partial factor method used for structural design.
The Environmental Assessment of the Intensity of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Anthropogenically Transformed Soils
Authors: Stepanova Lidia P. , Yakovleva Elena V. , Pisarev A.V. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The protection of urban soils and soils located near arterial highways from heavy metal contamination is an environmental issue which has not been resolved in megalopoleis. Purposeful scientific experimental data obtained on the basis of field and laboratory studies is required in order to solve these problems, which has determined the choice of the research objective: to assess the degree of degradation changes in anthropogenically transformed soils in Moscow and Orel regions in terms of total content of heavy metals and their degree of mobility.
The Formation and the Future Potentials of the Eighth Hungarian Region
Authors: Péli László , Czabadai Lilla 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the time of accession to the EU, Hungary drops to the second part of the programming period 2000-2006. The Central-Hungarian region (which includes the capital and Pest County) was classified as a less developed region, similarly to all of the six ‚rural‘ regions and thus the area received the highest amount of the supporting sources. In the programming period 2007–2013, the Central-Hungarian region belonged to the transitional regions and so it received continuously decreasing subsidies. In the case of Budapest, the value of GDP per capita refers to the development, but based on the measurement, Pest County was supposed to belong to the transitional areas. Between the years 2014–2020, the whole area of the Central-Hungarian region was getting to the level of a developed region. It means that this area is not entitled to get Cohesion sources anymore. On the 30th of October 2015, Pest County Assembly made a decision about Pest County’s disruption and declared its intent to create a separated region. As long as the government stood for the idea and it met with a warm response in Brussels, Pest County could operate as an independent region from 2018. Our study will draw attention to the huge territorial differences between the capital and its agglomeration and the surrounding areas.
The Thick-clawed Crayfish, Astacus pachypus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Astacidae), in Ukraine: Karyotype, Allozymes and Morphological Parameters / Толстопалый рак, Astacus pachypus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Astacidae), в Украине: кариотип, ал- лозимы и морфологические параметры
Authors: Mezhzherin S. V. , Kostyuk V. S. , Garbar A. V. , Zhalai E. I . , Kutishchev P. S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAllozymic, karyological and morphological analyzes confirmed the presence of the Thick-clawed crayfish, Astacus pachypus (Rathke, 1837), in Ukraine. Th is rare species in Ukraine is found only in two small adjacent localities restricted to the Lower Dnieper. It is characterized by a unique set of chromosomes (2n = 116) and a distinct pool of allozymes, allowing, together with morphological features, to clearly distinguish it from the other three species of the Ukrainian fauna.
Attempt to Define the Complexes of Bat Ectoparasites in the Boreal Palaearctic Region / Попытка выделения комплексов эктопаразитов летучих мышей бореальной Палеарктики
Authors: Orlova M. V. , Orlov O. L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The article presents the most complete data on the distribution of ectoparasites in the boreal Palaearctics (gamasid mites of the genera Spinturnix, Macronyssus, and Steatonyssus, bat flies of the family Nycteribiidae, fleas of the family Ischnopsyllidae) and its preferences for the hosts. On the basis of these data as well as the data for the resettlement of bats in Eurasia 30 species of boreal bat ectoparasites combined into three faunal complexes (Transpalaearctic, European-Ural and Siberian-Far East) and two groups (European-Ural species, penetrating to the east and Siberian-Far East, penetrating to the west). The boundary between the European-Ural and Siberian-Far East faunal complexes is situated presumably along the Irtysh River. The resulting zoning provides a new look at the parasitocenosis of ectoparasites in the taiga zone of the Palaearctics.
Comparative Aspects Of The Morphogenesis And Morphology Of The Wing Membranes Of Bats (Chiroptera) And Flying Lemurs (Dermoptera)
Authors: Kovalyova I. M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The heterogeneity of formation of different areas in the wing membrane of Chiroptera and Dermoptera was established. The web between metacarpals and digits (chiropatagium) was formed by the mesenchyme which initially formed the forelimb rudiment. The plagiopatagium and propatagium were formed by proliferation of the trunk mesenchymal cells.
A New Species Of The Genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) From The Seeds Of Honey Locust Gleditsia Triacanthos (Caesalpiniaceae) In Ukraine
Authors: Zerova M. D. , Fursov V. N. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Eurytoma gleditsiae sp. n. reared from the seeds of Gleditsia triacanthos L. (Caesalpiniaceae) in Kyiv, Ukraine, is described. The new species apparently parasitize Megabruchidius dorsalis (Farhaeus) (Coleoptera, Bruchidae).
“The Writer Is Essentially Indiscrete.” On the Literary Gossip of a Dutch Literary Celebrity
Authors: Bax Sander 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn contemporary media culture, literary writers arouse the fascination of media fans by awakening in them the desire for the authentic by publishing autobiographical novels or other forms of life narrative. In doing so, they run the risk of becoming part of media’s large gossip mechanism that plays such a central role nowadays. The public conversation about the books of writers such as the Dutch author Connie Palmen - whose Logboek van een onbarmhartig jaar will be the main case study of this article - becomes focused on the elements of truth and authenticity and ignores the literary or fictional construction of the work. This article discusses the question whether this leaves any room for contemporary star authors to distinguish themselves from media gossipers.
Stoichiometry of the Heteromeric Nicotinic Receptors of the Renshaw Cell
Authors: Lamotte d'Incamps Boris , Zorbaz Tamara , Dingova Dominika , Krejci Eric , Ascher Philippe 
Published: May 2018

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentamers built from a variety of subunits. Some are homomeric assemblies of α subunits, others heteromeric assemblies of α and β subunits which can adopt two stoichiometries (2α:3β or 3α:2β). There is evidence for the presence of heteromeric nAChRs with the two stoichiometries in the CNS, but it has not yet been possible to identify them at a given synapse. The 2α:3β receptors are highly sensitive to agonists, whereas the 3α:2β stoichiometric variants, initially described as low sensitivity receptors, are indeed activated by low and high concentrations of ACh. We have taken advantage of the discovery that two compounds (NS9283 and Zn) potentiate selectively the 3α:2β nAChRs to establish (in mice of either sex) the presence of these variants at the motoneuron-Renshaw cell (MN-RC) synapse. NS9283 prolonged the decay of the two-component EPSC mediated by heteromeric nAChRs. NS9283 and Zn also prolonged spontaneous EPSCs involving heteromeric nAChRs, and one could rule out prolongations resulting from AChE inhibition by NS9283. These results establish the presence of 3α:2β nAChRs at the MN-RC synapse. At the functional level, we had previously explained the duality of the EPSC by assuming that high ACh concentrations in the synaptic cleft account for the fast component and that spillover of ACh accounts for the slow component. The dual ACh sensitivity of 3α:2β nAChRs now allows to attribute to these receptors both components of the EPSC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHeteromeric nicotinic receptors assemble α and β subunits in pentameric structures, which can adopt two stoichiometries: 3α:2β or 2α:3β. Both stoichiometric variants are present in the CNS, but they have never been located and characterized functionally at the level of an identified synapse. Our data indicate that 3α:2β receptors are present at the spinal cord synapses between motoneurons and Renshaw cells, where their dual mode of activation (by high concentrations of ACh for synaptic receptors, by low concentrations of ACh for extrasynaptic receptors) likely accounts for the biphasic character of the synaptic current. More generally, 3α:2β nicotinic receptors appear unique by their capacity to operate both in the cleft of classical synapses and at extrasynaptic locations.
Clinicopathological study of atrophic rhinitis
Authors: E. Rehana , Priyadarshini G. , Kunnumal Ayisha 
Published: May 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic nasal disease characterized by progressive atrophy of mucosa and underlying bone of turbinate’s.1 Disease is also referred to as dry rhinitis, rhinitis sicca, open-nose syndrome, or ozena. It is classified into 2 types viz., primary and secondary. The cause of primary atrophic rhinitis is unknown. Histopathologically, primary atrophic rhinitis is characterized by squamous metaplasia and two characteristic types of vascular involvement (Type I and Type II). Type I is common (50-80%) where endarteritis obliterans, periarteritis and periarterial fibrosis of the terminal arterioles is seen. These patients benefit from the oestrogen therapy. Type-II is less common (20-50%) and is associated with capillary vasodilatation</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and hospital, Puducherry between October 2015 and July 2017.51 patients of atrophic rhinitis of age 12 years to 95 years were included. Detailed history and complete ENT examination was done in all patients. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the present study atrophic rhinitis cases formed 0.34% of the total OPD attendance. Maximum number of patients belonged to the age group of 51-60 years (33.3%) followed by 61-70 years (27.5%). Disease was found to be more common in females (82.4%) female to male ratio was 4.7:1. Most common complaint of the patients was nasal crusting (96.1%) followed by nasal fetor (92.2). In present study, most of the patients had chronic symptoms for the past 1-5 years (45.1%) and 6-10 years (29.4%). 35 patients i.e. 68.6% showed bilateral atrophic rhinitis and 16 patients i.e. 31.4% showed unilateral atrophic rhinitis. In the present study, majority of patients belong to class V of Modified B G Prasad scale (47.1%). Severity of the disease was classified into 3 stages, that is, early, advanced, and late advanced, according to the findings in the nasal cavity as recommended by Ssali. The majority of patients 36 (70.5%) were in the advanced stage. Partial squamous metaplasia and total squamous metaplasia, were seen in 35.7% and 42.9% of patients respectively, denuded epithelium were noted in 9 patients i.e. 21.4%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Incidence of atrophic rhinitis is in a decreasing trend. Females and people of age group 51-60 years are commonly affected. Bilateral atrophic rhinitis is more common. Lower socioeconomic status is a predisposing factor due to hygiene issues. Our institution being a tertiary care centre most patients presented with advanced stage of disease. Total squamous metaplasia is the commonest histological finding in patients with atrophic rhinitis.</p><p> </p>
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF GEOGRAPHY LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Syaefulloh M. Kurniawan Arif , Sumunar Dyah Respati Suryo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This research aimed to discover the effect of using interactive multimedia on the improvement of (2) geography learning achievement, and (2) learning interest of Grade students IPS of MA El Bayan Majenang. This study was a quasi-experiment using the quantitative approach. The population was 106 grade XI students IPS. A sample of 36 students was established the cluster sampling technique. The data collection used an achievement test, questionnaire on interest in learning, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used was the inferential statistical technique. The hypothesis testing was performed using the MANOVA test with SPSS 20 program. The results of the study were follows. (1) the error rate (p) geography learning result was 0.009. Because it was smaller than 0.05, there was an effect of the use of interactive multimedia on the achievement of geography learning.(2) the level of error (p) interest in learning was 0.00. Because it was smaller than 0.05, there was an effect of the use of interactive multimedia on the improvement of students' learning interest (3) From MANOVA statistic test, it could concluded that there was an improvement in geography learning achievement and interest of the students before and after the treatment as the experimental class with the average increase of 35.55 and 11.55 respectively. While the improvement of geography learning achievement and interest in learning of the control class was averagely 29.02 and 2.86 respectively.
Keywords : Interactive multimedia, Geography Learning Achievement, interest in learning
Teachers’ Poor Professionalism Of Writing A Scientific Paper at Muhammadiyah Senior High School In Central Java
Authors: Sumardjoko Bambang 
Published: May 2018

<p class="Abstract">The paper aims at analyzing teachers’ poor professionalism of writing a scientific paper at Muhammadiyah Senior High School in Central Java. It studies on the phenomena of teachers’ weaknesses, comprehension, efforts and constraints on writing a scientific paper. The study belongs to qualitative research by applying a descriptive approach in examining the problem. The data are got with an in-depth interview, observation, and document analysis. The data sources are teachers, headmaster, a chief of High and Preliminary Education Assembly, and educational experts. Data validation is conducted by methods and sources triangulation. The data analysis applies the interactive model.The research result shows that most teachers have a limited comprehension of scientific paper concepts, skill on conducting classroom action research and writing a scientific paper. Also, they also have some constraints such as lack of writing motivation, school infrastructure, and internet connection access. In eliminating those problems, firstly Muhammadiyah senior high school (SMA/MA/SMK) teachers of Sukoharjo district have done some activities to develop their professional competence especially in the field of writing a scientific paper. In supporting their efforts, it needs a concrete step of stakeholder to simplify of all regarding with learning administrative activities, facilities adequacy motivation, the initiative of Assembly of Elementary and Middle Education, and others sponsorship, as well as the guidance of university. </p>
An Ethnographic Qualitative Study On The Malaysian Preschool And Special Needs Children’s Home And School Reading Habits
Authors: Kamarudin Diyana , Hussain Yasmin , Applegate Brooks , Mohd Yasin Mohd Hanafi 
Published: May 2018

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This research is a qualitative research, exploring the reasons behind why the level of literacy in Malaysian students are quite low. The research delved into identifying ways to implement reading habits to preschool and special education children. The purpose which guides this research is that according to thestaronline.com on August 18</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">th</span></sup><span style="font-size: medium;"> 2012, an online version of The Star newspaper from Malaysia, the average Malaysian only reads 2 books per year in 1996. This has made the Department of Higher Education worry about the level of proficiency in Malaysian students. This is a qualitative research utilizing open ended questionnaires and interviews as the main form of data collection. Parents were asked to document their open ended questionnaire and participate in an interview session in regards to their home reading habits with their children. In descending order, the themes found most important were <em>implemented into school curriculum, parents should play a bigger role in children’s reading habits and early exposure</em>. Results also indicated that parents in Malaysia do face problems when trying to implement reading culture into their daily lives. </span></span></p>