bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Referral Cases to the Obstetrics Unit of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital for Maternal Delivery
Authors: Awoyesuku P. A. , MacPepple D. A. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Formal education, antenatal care, and improved health services still remain the key to a large-scale reduction in maternal mortality in developing countries. Pregnancy and labour complications are most prevalent among unbooked patients compared to booked patients. Prompt and effective treatment will go a long way to reduce these complications.
Objective: To determine the pattern of Obstetric referral cases to the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) and assess time to response by the hospital.
Methodology: A retrospective review of hospital records of all pregnant women referred to RSUTH for maternal delivery and care in a six months period, 1st April to 30th September 2015, was carried out. Data on patients’ age, educational level, marital status, gestational age, parity, booking status, time interval between admission and intervention, obstetric diagnoses and outcome were retrieved using structured pro-forma. Data were analyzed using United States CDC Epi Info Version 7.
Results: There were 460 cases referred to the hospital, which represents 42.6% of all maternal deliveries, with a mean age of 28.7±4.6 years and median age of 27.0 years. A majority, 73.7% had secondary education, 55.4% were Primigravidae, 55.4% had term pregnancies and 77.8% were booked elsewhere. Over 60% of diagnoses comprised of difficult labour, Pre-eclampsia/ Eclampsia and prolonged pregnancy. About 75% of the cases had intervention carried out within 12 hours of arrival to hospital.
Conclusion: The pattern of referral cases to our hospital are mainly young educated primigravidae at term, who have had some form of antenatal care and presenting with common complications associated with this group. The intervention response time is good, but we recommend that high risk pregnancies should ab initio be registered at centers properly equipped to handle such cases to avoid calamity.
Thermal Conductivity of Amorphous Materials
Authors: Zhou Wu‐Xing , Cheng Yuan , Chen Ke‐Qiu , Xie Guofeng , Wang Tian , Zhang Gang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThermal conductivity is one of the most fundamental properties of solid materials. The thermal conductivity of ideal crystal materials has been widely studied over the past hundreds years. On the contrary, for amorphous materials that have valuable applications in flexible electronics, wearable electrics, artificial intelligence chips, thermal protection, advanced detectors, thermoelectrics, and other fields, their thermal properties are relatively rarely reported. Moreover, recent research indicates that the thermal conductivity of amorphous materials is quite different from that of ideal crystal materials. In this article, the authors systematically review the fundamental physical aspects of thermal conductivity in amorphous materials. They discuss the method to distinguish the different heat carriers (propagons, diffusons, and locons) and the relative contribution from them to thermal conductivity. In addition, various influencing factors, such as size, temperature, and interfaces, are addressed, and a series of interesting anomalies are presented. Finally, the authors discuss a number of open problems on thermal conductivity of amorphous materials and a brief summary is provided.
Recent Progress in Methanol‐to‐Olefins (MTO) Catalysts
Authors: Yang Miao , Fan Dong , Wei Yingxu , Tian Peng , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMethanol conversion to olefins, as an important reaction in C1 chemistry, provides an alternative platform for producing basic chemicals from nonpetroleum resources such as natural gas and coal. Methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) catalysis is one of the critical constraints for the process development, determining the reactor design, and the profitability of the process. After the construction and commissioning of the world's first MTO plant by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, based on high‐efficiency catalyst and fluidization technology in 2010, more attention has been attracted for a deep understanding of the reaction mechanism and catalysis principle, which has led to the continuous development of catalysts and processes. Herein, the recent progress in MTO catalyst development is summarized, focusing on the advances in the optimization of SAPO‐34 catalysts, together with the development efforts on catalysts with preferential ethylene or propylene selectivity.
Rational Design of Nanocarriers for Intracellular Protein Delivery
Authors: Qin Xiaofei , Yu Changmin , Wei Jing , Li Lin , Zhang Chengwu , Wu Qiong , Liu Jinhua , Yao Shao Q. , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProtein/antibody therapeutics have exhibited the advantages of high specificity and activity even at an extremely low concentration compared to small molecule drugs. However, they are accompanied by unfavorable physicochemical properties such as fragile tertiary structure, large molecular size, and poor penetration of the membrane, and thus the clinical use of protein drugs is hindered by inefficient delivery of proteins into the host cells. To overcome the challenges associated with protein therapeutics and enhance their biopharmaceutical applications, various protein‐loaded nanocarriers with desired functions, such as lipid nanocapsules, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and peptides, are developed. In this review, the different strategies for intracellular delivery of proteins are comprehensively summarized. Their designed routes, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutics in live cells or in vivo are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the perspective on the new generation of delivery systems toward the emerging area of protein‐based therapeutics is presented as well.
Dynamic Fluid‐Like Graphene with Ultralow Frictional Molecular Bearing
Authors: Jeon Intak , Park Gee Hoon , Wang Pan , Li Ju , Hunter Ian W. , Swager Timothy M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFluid‐like sliding graphenes but with solid‐like out‐of‐plane compressive rigidity offer unique opportunities for achieving unusual physical and chemical properties for next‐generation interfacial technologies. Of particular interest in the present study are graphenes with specific chemical functionalization that can predictably promote adhesion and wetting to substrate and ultralow frictional sliding structures. Lubricity between stainless steel (SS) and diamond‐like carbon (DLC) is experimentally demonstrated with densely functionalized graphenes displaying dynamic intersheet bonds that mechanically transform into stable tribolayers. The macroscopic lubricity evolves through the formation of a thin film of an interconnected graphene matrix that provides a coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.01. Mechanical sliding generates complex folded graphene structures wherein equilibrated covalent chemical linkages impart rigidity and stability to the films examined in macroscopic friction tests. This new approach to frictional reduction has broad implications for manufacturing, transportation, and aerospace.
Graded Microporous Layers for Enhanced Capillary‐Driven Liquid Water Removal in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Shrestha Pranay , Ouellette David , Lee Jongmin , Ge Nan , Wong Andrew Kai Cheung , Muirhead Daniel , Liu Hang , Banerjee Rupak , Bazylak Aimy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel microporous layer (MPL) is designed and fabricated with spatially graded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) to alleviate liquid water flooding in the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. In operando GDL liquid water distributions are examined using synchrotron X‐ray radiography and oxygen mass transport resistance via electrochemical characterizations, and it is found that the graded PTFE content in the MPL results in enhanced PEM fuel cell performance at high current densities (≥ 1.0 A cm−2). Specifically, less liquid water accumulates within the cathode GDL substrate, and the oxygen mass transport resistance is substantially lowered. This lower substrate water content is attributed to enhanced capillary‐driven removal of liquid water through the use of the graded MPL. This study demonstrates how strongly the spatial distributions of wettability and pore size of the MPL influence the performance of the PEM fuel cell.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of 5‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐Triazoles from Iodine‐Mediated Annulation of Trifluoroacetimidoyl Chlorides and Hydrazones
Authors: Hu Sipei , Yang Zuguang , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA metal‐free approach for the synthesis of 5‐trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles from trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and hydrazones has been achieved under aerobic oxidative conditions. The reaction proceeds through a cascade base‐promoted intermolecular C−N bond formation and iodine‐mediated intramolecular C−N bond oxidative coupling sequence. The protocol features broad substrate scope and can be scaled up to gram scale.magnified image
Application of Perovskite‐Structured Materials in Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wu Tingjun , Pisula Wojciech , Rashid Mohd Yusoff Abd , Gao Peng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOver the past decades, perovskite materials, including oxide and hybrid types, have drawn considerable attention. Oxide perovskite materials have been investigated for a long time as semiconductor and insulator layers, while hybrid perovskite materials combining the characteristics of inorganic and organic counterparts in a molecular‐scale composite emerged under the spotlight recently. In the latter case, the inorganic frameworks of metal halide octahedra interact with one another through strong covalent or ionic bonds, which ensure their high charge carrier mobility and thermal stability. Their organic parts allow the hybrid perovskite materials to be fabricated through a simple, low capital cost, and low‐temperature process, and induce elastic properties in the material. Due to the unique physical properties of hybrid perovskites, they have been used in multiple applications, such as in light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, and photodetectors. This Review will focus on the application of oxide and hybrid perovskite materials in field‐effect transistors, which are among the essential elements in modern electronics. As a testbed, a field‐effect transistor device can also be used as a tool to characterize the charge carrier transport properties of materials.
Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience
Authors: Kirk Ben , Al Saedi Ahmed , Duque Gustavo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany older persons lose their mobility and independence due to multiple diseases occurring simultaneously. Geroscience is aimed at developing innovative approaches to better identify relationships among the biological processes of aging. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two of the most prevalent chronic diseases in older people, with both conditions sharing overlapping risk factors and pathogenesis. When occurring together, these diseases form a geriatric syndrome termed “osteosarcopenia,” which increases the risk of frailty, hospitalizations, and death. Findings from basic and clinical sciences aiming to understand osteosarcopenia have provided evidence of this syndrome as a case of geroscience. Genetic, endocrine, and mechanical stimuli, in addition to fat infiltration, sedentarism, and nutritional deficiencies, affect muscle and bone homeostasis to characterize this syndrome. However, research is in its infancy regarding accurate diagnostic markers and effective treatments with dual effects on muscle and bone. To date, resistance exercise remains the most promising strategy to increase muscle and bone mass, while sufficient quantities of protein, vitamin D, calcium, and creatine may preserve these tissues with aging. More recent findings, from rodent models, suggest treating ectopic fat in muscle and bone marrow as a possible avenue to curb osteosarcopenia, although this needs testing in human clinical trials.
Dual Graphitic‐N Doping in a Six‐Membered C‐Ring of Graphene‐Analogous Particles Enables an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lin Zhiyu , Yang Yang , Li Mengsi , Huang Hao , Hu Wei , Cheng Ling , Yan Wensheng , Yu Zhiwu , Mao Kaitian , Xia Guoliang , Lu Jian , Jiang Peng , Yang Kang , Zhang Ruirui , Xu Pengping , Wang Changlai , Hu Lin , Chen Qianwang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGraphene‐based materials still exhibit poor electrocatalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) although they are considered to be the most promising electrocatalysts. We fabricated a graphene‐analogous material displaying exceptional activity towards the HER under acidic conditions with an overpotential (57 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and Tafel slope (44.6 mV dec−1) superior to previously reported graphene‐based materials, and even comparable to the state‐of‐the art Pt/C catalyst. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and solid‐state NMR studies reveal that the distinct feature of its structure is dual graphitic‐N doping in a six‐membered carbon ring. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the unique doped structure is beneficial for the activation of C−H bonds and to make the carbon atom bonded to two graphitic N atoms an active site for the HER.
Polyethylene Aerogels with Combined Physical and Chemical Crosslinking: Improved Mechanical Resilience and Shape‐Memory Properties
Authors: Khedaioui Douriya , Boisson Christophe , D'Agosto Franck , Montarnal Damien 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile the introduction of polymers into aerogels strongly enhances their toughness, truly elastic monolithic aerogels which restore their dimensions upon extensive compression are still challenging to synthesize. In this context hydrophobic semi‐crystalline polymers with low glass transition temperatures, and combined stiffness and flexibility, have only recently attracted attention. Shown here is that polyethylene aerogels with a low density, and combined chemical crosslinking and high crystallinity, display high moduli and excellent mechanical resilience. To maximize the crystallinity of these aerogels while maintaining a high crosslinking density, polyethylene networks with well‐defined segments were synthesized by hydrosilylation crosslinking of telechelic, vinyl‐functionalized oligomers obtained from catalyzed chain‐growth polymerization. Recoverable deformations both above and below the melting temperature of polyethylene affords remarkable shape‐memory properties.
Potassium‐Ion‐Assisted Regeneration of Active Cyano Groups in Carbon Nitride Nanoribbons: Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Wang Weikang , Zhang Haimin , Zhang Shengbo , Liu Yanyan , Wang Guozhong , Sun Chenghua , Zhao Huijun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs a metal‐free nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) photocatalyst, g‐C3N4 is available from a scalable synthesis at low cost. Importantly, it can be readily functionalized to enhance photocatalytic activities. However, the use of g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts for the NRR has been questioned because of the elusive mechanism and the involvement of N defects. This work reports the synthesis of a g‐C3N4 photocatalyst modified with cyano groups and intercalated K+ (mCNN), possessing extended visible‐light harvesting capacity and superior photocatalytic NRR activity (NH3 yield: 3.42 mmol g−1 h−1). Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the ‐C≡N in mCNN can be regenerated through a pathway analogous to Mars van Krevelen process with the aid of the intercalated K+. The results confirm that the regeneration of the cyano group not only enhances photocatalytic activity and sustains the catalytic cycle, but also stabilizes the photocatalyst.
Alkali Metal Arenides as a Universal Synthetic Tool for Layered 2D Germanene Modification
Authors: Hartman Tomas , Sturala Jiri , Plutnar Jan , Sofer Zdenek 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe rediscovery of graphene in 2004 has started an enormous chase in the research of 2D materials. A new family of layered 2D materials consisting of the 14th group elements beyond carbon has already been reported. Here, a new methodology in germanene chemistry is presented using germanane (Ge6H6) as a stable and easily accessible starting material for effective synthesis of novel germanene derivatives. The modification procedure utilizing strong bases—alkali metal arenides—for deprotonation of germanane and its subsequent functionalization with p‐nitrobenzyl bromide is described. Functionalization of germanene is confirmed by FT‐IR, Raman, and XPS spectroscopy as well as by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis of Chiral Tetrasubstituted Azetidines from Donor–Acceptor Azetines via Asymmetric Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Imido‐Ylide [3+1]‐Cycloaddition with Metallo‐Enolcarbenes
Authors: Marichev Kostiantyn O. , Wang Kan , Dong Kuiyong , Greco Nicole , Massey Lynée A. , Deng Yongming , Arman Hadi , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe all‐cis stereoisomers of tetrasubstituted azetidine‐2‐carboxylic acids and derivatives that possess three chiral centers have been prepared in high yield and stereocontrol from silyl‐protected Z‐γ‐substituted enoldiazoacetates and imido‐sulfur ylides by asymmetric [3+1]‐cycloaddition using chiral sabox copper(I) catalysis followed by Pd/C catalytic hydrogenation. Hydrogenation of the chiral p‐methoxybenzyl azetine‐2‐carboxylates occurs with both hydrogen addition to the C=C bond and hydrogenolysis of the ester.
A review on separation and purification techniques for biodiesel production with special emphasis on Jatropha oil as a feedstock
Authors: Suthar Krunal , Dwivedi Ankur , Joshipura Milind 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiodiesel is a promising alternative to conventional fuels. Research on biodiesel has vast experimental findings, but the outcomes are not always unidirectional. The sequence of unit operation for various transesterification processes is studied. The review work emphasizes on the separation and purification of Jatropha‐derived biodiesel. The study on the downstream processes of alcohol recovery, glycerol‐rich and biodiesel‐rich phase separation, and biodiesel purification techniques is the main part of this paper. The biodiesel purification includes wet and dry washing and membrane techniques. The purpose of the review is to find separation techniques that are less energy‐intensive and environmentally friendly purification processes for biodiesel production from Jatropha. The strategies to reduce the cost of biodiesel production from Jatropha are discussed. The Jatropha biodiesel possesses huge potential as one of the alternative energy sources for commercial exploitation in India.
Silencing Palestine: Limitations on free speech within mental health organizations
Authors: Berger Elizabeth , Jabr Samah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe authors report on episodes in which five professional mental health organizations—for the most part associations for psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy—have covertly tried to silence members who bring attention to the issue of human rights abuses inflicted by the Israeli occupation of Palestine. These various vignettes illustrate how the leadership of these organizations systematically attempts to limit the activism of their members, even in their “free time,” and to forbid the introduction of discussion of Israel/Palestine into their newsletters, meetings, chatrooms, and other organizational venues—despite the fact that these organizations profess their commitment to exploring themes of social justice and to the principle of open dialogue. Implications and recommendations are discussed, particularly the practical need for transparency on the part of our organizations and the intellectual need for a more complete theoretical understanding of the roles of history, ideology, and collective meaning within mental life.
Mechanical Properties of the Human Tibial and Peroneal Nerves Following Stretch With Histological Correlations
Authors: Kerns James , Piponov Hristo , Helder Cory , Amirouche Farid , Solitro Giovanni , Gonzalez Mark 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTDespite the extensive literature regarding peripheral nerve stretch injuries, there are few studies that compare the nerve histology with the mechanical properties in humans. There is clinical evidence suggesting that the peroneal nerve is at greater risk for injury compared to the tibial nerve following total hip arthroplasty and hip trauma. We examined the two nerves from fresh human cadavers with or without controlled stretch. The mechanical properties, stiffness, and strain were compared with light microscopic preparations in longitudinal sections stained by the trichrome method for collagen and showing the effects of structural deformation. The tibial nerve had an average failure load 1.7× that for the peroneal nerve (P = 0.0001). Although the corresponding average stiffness showed a trend toward being larger (4.39 vs. 3.81 N/mm), the difference was not significant (P = 0.126). Histologically, the perineurium along with the underlying nerve fascicle was undulated in the control specimens and straightened out in the stretched specimens. Peroneal nerves went on to failure at lower loads and exhibited a wavy pattern on pathologic slides after failure, which shows that peroneal nerves fail mechanically before they can unfold. The tibial nerve has a biomechanical and histological advantage compared to the peroneal nerve during tensile testing, which could be the reason why it is less commonly damaged. We conclude that the perineurium is especially protective against deformation changes in human nerves relative to the respective nerve size and number of fascicles. Anat Rec, 302:2030–2039, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Sportcampus der TUM mit Großvordach in Holz
Authors: Kley Gordian , Käppeler Bertram 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIm Zuge des Neubaus des Campus im Olympiapark in München (CiO: Fakultät für Sport‐ und Gesundheitswissenschaften der TUM sowie Zentraler Hochschulsport) wird eine zweigeschossige Großkonstruktion in Holz mit folgenden Kennzahlen errichtet: 22 000 m2 Dachfläche, 11 000 m2 Decken‐ und Wandflächen, 5 200 m3 Holzeinsatz. Dabei von besonderer Bedeutung: Hallen für 14 Sportfelder, Integration einer Laufbahn, 300 Büroräume, zahlreiche Seminar‐ und Vorlesungsräume, Bibliothek, Werkstätten und Prüflabor sowie eine fast 19 m weit auskragende Überdachung der an das Gebäude angrenzenden Laufbahngeraden mit einer Kragdachfläche von rd. 3 000 m2.Das Gesamtbauwerk muss höchsten gestalterischen und funktionalen Ansprüchen genügen (1. Preis im Architektur‐Wettbewerb 2015).Während die Hallendächer von konventionellen Brettschichtholzkonstruktionen abgeleitet sind und als solche im Tragwerk eine überaus wirtschaftliche Kombination aus Funktionalität und Ästhetik darstellen, folgt die in ihrer Besonderheit alles überragende Vordachkonstruktion in erster Linie der äußeren Gestalt des Gesamtbaukörpers: knapp 19 m Auskragung mit einer Konstruktionshöhe von lediglich 1,60 m – eine extrem schlanke und faszinierende Konstruktion aus verklebten Hohlkästen, werkseitig vorgefertigt in 40 Großelementen, die in Übersicht und Details erläutert wird.