bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement with sutureless and rapid deployment valves: a report from an international registry (Sutureless and Rapid Deployment International Registry)†
Authors: Berretta Paolo , Andreas Martin , Carrel Thierry P , Solinas Marco , Teoh Kevin , Fischlein Theodor , Santarpino Giuseppe , Folliguet Thierry , Villa Emmanuel , Meuris Bart , Mignosa Carmelo , Martinelli Gianluca , Misfeld Martin , Glauber Mattia , Kappert Utz , Savini Carlo , Shrestha Malak , Phan Kevin , Albertini Alberto , Yan Tristan , Di Eusanio Marco 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:
The impact of sutureless and rapid deployment (SURD) valves on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MI-AVR) has still to be defined. The aim of this study was to assess clinical characteristics and in-hospital results of patients receiving SURD-AVR through less invasive approaches in the large population of the Sutureless and Rapid Deployment International Registry (SURD-IR).

METHODS:
Of the 1935 patients who received primary isolated SURD-AVR between 2009 and 2018, a total of 1418 (73.3%) underwent MI interventions and were included in this analysis. SURD-AVR was performed using upper ministernotomy in 56.4% (n = 800) of cases and anterior right thoracotomy in 43.6% (n = 618). Perceval S was implanted in 1011 (71.3%) patients and Edwards Intuity or Intuity Elite in 407 (28.7%) patients.

RESULTS:
Overall in-hospital mortality and stroke rates were 1.7% and 2%, respectively. A definitive pacemaker implantation was reported in 9% of cases and significantly decreased over the observational period, from 20.6% to 5.6% (P = 0.002). The Perceval valve was associated with shorter operative times and was more frequently implanted in patients receiving anterior right thoracotomy incision. The Intuity valve was preferred in younger patients and revealed superior postoperative haemodynamic results.

CONCLUSIONS:
SURD-AVR was largely performed through less invasive approaches and can be considered as a primary indication in MI surgery. In the SURD-IR cohort, MI SURD-AVR using both Perceval and Intuity valves appeared a safe and reproducible procedure associated with promising early results.
Bureaucratic Representation and the Rejection Hypothesis: A Longitudinal Study of the European Commission’s Staff Composition (1980–2013)
Authors: Gravier Magali , Roth Camille 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes the evolution of the staff composition of the European Commission from 1980 to 2013 using the theory of representative bureaucracy. The article first demonstrates how the Commission formulates guidelines which aim at offering fair levels of representation to each member state. However, comparing recruitment targets and actual staffing figures reveals very heterogeneous staff levels. Some member states enjoy unexpectedly high levels of representation whereas others present very low levels. The latter are particularly intriguing and open the door to the formulation of a “rejection hypothesis.” This hypothesis challenges one of the foundations of the theory of representative bureaucracy and leads us to suggest that the theory be enhanced in order to take into account its context of implementation in terms of consolidated or contested statehood, which in turn may explain the phenomena of rejected offers of bureaucratic representation.
Rotavirus Vaccination Coverage During a Rotavirus Outbreak Resulting in a Fatality at a Subacute Care Facility
Authors: Burke Rachel M , Tate Jacqueline E , Han George S , Quenelle Rebecca , Gautam Rashi , Wadford Debra A , Bowen Michael D , Parashar Umesh D 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the United States has reduced rotavirus disease burden, but outbreaks still occur. Complete-series rotavirus vaccination coverage is &lt;75% in the United States, and it might be lower among vulnerable populations. We describe here the clinical characteristics and vaccination status of children during a rotavirus outbreak in a pediatric subacute care facility in 2017.

Methods
Clinical history, signs and symptoms, and vaccination history were abstracted for the 26 patients residing in the facility during the time of the outbreak. A case-patient was defined as one who experienced 3 or more loose stools in a period of 24 hours with onset between April 17 and May 17, 2017. Stool samples from 14 resident patients were tested for rotavirus with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The median patient age at the facility was 2.9 years. Of the 26 resident patients, 22 (85%) met the case definition. One child died. Stool samples from 11 case-patients were positive according to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for rotavirus. Fifteen case-patients were unvaccinated against rotavirus; 3 were partially vaccinated, and 2 were fully vaccinated. Vaccination status could not be completely determined in 2 cases.

Conclusions
An outbreak of rotavirus affected nearly all resident patients of a subacute care facility and caused 1 death. Because of recommendations against giving rotavirus vaccine in an intensive care setting, infants who require a prolonged intensive care stay might age out of rotavirus vaccine eligibility (the first dose must be given before 15 weeks of age according to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations). The result is a vulnerable population of unvaccinated infants who might later congregate in another care setting.
Post-Transfusion Purpura Mimicking Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Case Report
Authors: Milito Chelsea , Masel Debra , Henrichs Kelly , Schmidt Amy E , Kirkley Scott , Aljitawi Omar , Becker Michael , Blumberg Neil , Refaai Majed A 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe main clinical distinction between post-transfusion purpura (PTP) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the sudden development of severe thrombocytopenia in the days after transfusion. Herein, we report the case of a 53-year-old Caucasian woman who developed multiple myeloma (MM) after peripheral blood-stem-cell transplant (PBSCT), along with severe thrombocytopenia (with a nadir of 1 × 109/L); she also experienced severe adverse events after each platelet transfusion, including the first one. These reactions were absent with any other transfused blood products. The results of an human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-1 panel reactive antibody assay were 0%, and the results of a platelet-antibody screening assay were positive for HLA class-1 antibodies and glycoprotein (Gp)IIb/IIIa antibodies. Her platelet count reached 42 × 109 per L on day 50, after rituximab on day 22 and daratumumab on day 29. Her clinical scenario was most consistent with the course of PTP.
Modal operators and toric ideals
Authors: Camerlo Riccardo , Pistone Giovanni , Rapallo Fabio 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the present paper, we consider modal propositional logic and look for the constraints that are imposed to the propositions of the special type $\operatorname{\Box } a$ by the structure of the relevant finite Kripke frame. We translate the usual language of modal propositional logic in terms of notions of commutative algebra, namely polynomial rings, ideals and bases of ideals. We use extensively the perspective obtained in previous works in algebraic statistics. We prove that the constraints on $\operatorname{\Box } a$ can be derived through a binomial ideal containing a toric ideal and we give sufficient conditions under which the toric ideal, together with the fact that the truth values are in $\left \{0,1\right \} $, fully describes the constraints.
A paradigm for psychiatry
Authors: Glannon Walter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the idea that psychiatric disorders are disorders of the brain, mind, and the person’s relation to the world. The etiology, pathophysiology, and symptomatology of these disorders are influenced by interactions between the brain, mind, immune and endocrine systems, and the person’s relation to the environment. A biopsychosocial model provides the best account of the development of these disorders and a guide for research and treatment. The chapter also discusses some of the merits and limitations of the symptom-based DSM-5 and the more recent circuit-based RDoC, and defends the view that they can be complementary models in a paradigm for psychiatry research and clinical practice. The chapter defends nonreductive materialism as the theory best able to account for the different dimensions of the brain–mind relation in psychiatry.
Treating psychiatric disorders: Less invasive and noninvasive interventions
Authors: Glannon Walter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyzes and discusses different types of psychopharmacology. It examines the view that the monoamine hypothesis to explain and treat psychiatric disorders may be mistaken and considers alternative hypotheses. It also questions the distinction between noninvasive and invasive treatments in psychiatry, pointing out that some presumably noninvasive treatments are invasive because they can cause changes in the brain. The chapter discusses the potential benefits, risks and limitations of electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and transcranial current stimulation. Placebos and neurofeedback are distinct from these interventions because they do not involve psychotropic drugs or neurostimulation. With a view to potential future therapies, the chapter considers novel neuromodulating techniques such as temporal interference.
Psychiatric neurosurgery
Authors: Glannon Walter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses functional neurosurgery designed to modulate dysfunctional neural circuits mediating sensorimotor, cognitive, emotional, and volitional capacities. The chapter assesses the comparative benefits and risks of neural ablation and deep brain stimulation as the two most invasive forms of neuromodulation. It discusses the question of whether individuals with a severe or moderately severe psychiatric disorder have enough cognitive and emotional capacity to weigh reasons for and against ablation or deep brain stimulation and give informed consent to undergo it. The chapter also discusses the obligations of investigators conducting these trials to research subjects. In addition, it examines the medical and ethical justification for a sham control arm in psychiatric neurosurgery clinical trials. It considers the therapeutic potential of optogenetics as a novel form of neuromodulation. The fact that this technique manipulates both genetic material and neural circuits and has been tested only in animal models makes it unclear what its benefit–risk ratio would be. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the potential of neuromodulation to stimulate endogenous repair and growth mechanisms in the brain.
Intervening in the psychopath’s brain
Authors: Glannon Walter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses whether pharmacological intervention in the brains of criminal psychopaths to modify and enable them to control their behavior could be justified as an alternative to continued incarceration. It also considers the question of whether treatment designed to rehabilitate the offender following release from prison could be forced on him against his wishes and whether it would violate his cognitive liberty. The chapter examines the connection between psychiatric disorders and mental integrity and whether mental impairment can weaken the presumed right to noninterference in the brain. It also considers whether direct brain interventions could be justified in adolescents with risk factors for criminal psychopathy. The key issue is weighing the interests and rights of the offender against the interest of society in preventing recidivism and protecting the public from harm.
Euthanasia and assisted suicide for psychiatric disorders
Authors: Glannon Walter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses reasons for and against euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide for patients with treatment-resistant depression or other psychiatric disorders. Although these actions may seem anathema to the goal of treating psychiatric patients in order to prevent suicide, there may be cases in which it would be permissible to bring about or assist in the death of a person with one of these disorders. The permissibility of these actions depends on four conditions. First, the patient must be competent enough to weigh the reasons for and against euthanasia and assisted suicide. Second, the patient must make an informed and persistent request for it. Third, the suffering the patient experiences from the disorder must be unbearable and interminable. Fourth, the disorder must be resistant to all indicated treatments given to the patient over many years. There must be a reasonable limit to the time a patient could be expected to wait for a possible treatment that might relieve symptoms. Any right to euthanasia or assisted suicide entails at most a permission and not an obligation for a physician to perform these actions.
‘Out of the Air’: Judith Weir’s Emergence in 1970s Britain, or Interpreting Creative Self-Censorship
Authors: Beard David 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Most accounts of Judith Weir’s music focus on her mature, apparently postmodern approach. By contrast, my analysis of the early withdrawn works highlights a series of creative dialogues with some of Weir’s older British and Continental contemporaries, and more historical models. These interactions reveal that modernism and the avant-garde were essential to the evolution of Weir’s musical language—a formative experience that has been downplayed in attempts by critics to distance Weir from modernism. The gendered reception of Weir’s music is also noted, in which her natural modesty and withdrawal of early works have been portrayed as symptoms of feminine uncertainty, self-criticism, and anxiety. This discourse is recalibrated by relating it first to creativity theories, in which dialogue, uncertainty, and serendipity are valued, and second to the more widespread practice of withdrawing works, which illustrates how self-censorship is a common and vital part of creative practice, irrespective of gender.
Contribution of ‘clinically negligible’ residual kidney function to clearance of uremic solutes
Authors: Toth-Manikowski Stephanie M , Sirich Tammy L , Meyer Timothy W , Hostetter Thomas H , Hwang Seungyoung , Plummer Natalie S , Hai Xin , Coresh Josef , Powe Neil R , Shafi Tariq 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundResidual kidney function (RKF) is thought to exert beneficial effects through clearance of uremic toxins. However, the level of native kidney function where clearance becomes negligible is not known.MethodsWe aimed to assess whether levels of nonurea solutes differed among patients with ‘clinically negligible’ RKF compared with those with no RKF. The hemodialysis study excluded patients with urinary urea clearance &gt;1.5 mL/min, below which RKF was considered to be ‘clinically negligible’. We measured eight nonurea solutes from 1280 patients participating in this study and calculated the relative difference in solute levels among patients with and without RKF based on measured urinary urea clearance.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 57 years and 57% were female. At baseline, 34% of the included participants had clinically negligible RKF (mean 0.7 ± 0.4 mL/min) and 66% had no RKF. Seven of the eight nonurea solute levels measured were significantly lower in patients with RKF than in those without RKF, ranging from −24% [95% confidence interval (CI) −31 to −16] for hippurate, −7% (−14 to −1) for trimethylamine-N-oxide and −4% (−6 to −1) for asymmetric dimethylarginine. The effect of RKF on plasma levels was comparable or more pronounced than that achieved with a 31% higher dialysis dose (spKt/Vurea 1.7 versus 1.3). Preserved RKF at 1-year follow-up was associated with a lower risk of cardiac death and first cardiovascular event.ConclusionsEven at very low levels, RKF is not ‘negligible’, as it continues to provide nonurea solute clearance. Management of patients with RKF should consider these differences.
The Pipeline Embolization Device: Changes in Practice and Reduction of Complications in the Treatment of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms in a Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A , Phan Kevin , Salem Mohamed M , Adeeb Nimer , Moore Justin M , Griessenauer Christoph J , Foreman Paul M , Shallwani Hussain , Shakir Hakeem , Siddiqui Adnan H , Levy Elad I , Davies Jason M , Harrigan Mark R , Thomas Ajith J , Ogilvy Christopher S 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED; Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) has become an important tool for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Since FDA approval, there are ongoing efforts to increase aneurysm occlusion rates and reduce the incidence of complications.

OBJECTIVE
To assess aneurysm occlusion and complication rates over time.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis of consecutive anterior circulation aneurysms treated with a single PED between 2011 and 2016 at 3 academic institutions in the US was performed. Factors contributing to changes in aneurysm occlusion and complication rates over time were identified and evaluated.

RESULTS
A total of 284 procedures were performed on 321 anterior circulation aneurysms in 284 patients. At a median follow-up of 13 mo (mean 18 mo), complete or near complete occlusion (>90%) was achieved in 85.9% of aneurysms. There was no significant change in aneurysm occlusion rate or procedure length over time. Thromboembolic complication occurred in 8.1% of procedures, and there was a trend toward decreased incidence from 16.3% in 2011/2012 to 3.3% in 2016 (P = .14). Hemorrhagic complications significantly decreased from 8.2% in 2011/2012 to 0 to 1.0% in 2014-2016 (P = .1).

CONCLUSION
We report a notable drop in the rate of hemorrhagic and to a lesser extent thromboembolic complications with increased experience with PED in a multicenter cohort. Multiple factors are believed to contribute to this drop, including the evolved interpretation of platelet function testing, the switching of clopidogrel nonresponders to ticagrelor, and the reduced use of adjunctive coiling.
Supramolecular nanoscale drug-delivery system with ordered structure
Authors: Jin Xin , Zhu Lijuan , Xue Bai , Zhu Xinyuan , Yan Deyue 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry provides a means to integrate multi-type molecules leading to a dynamic organization. The study of functional nanoscale drug-delivery systems based on supramolecular interactions is a recent trend. Much work has focused on the design of supramolecular building blocks and the engineering of supramolecular integration, with the goal of optimized delivery behavior and enhanced therapeutic effect. This review introduces recent advances in supramolecular designs of nanoscale drug delivery. Supramolecular affinity can act as a main driving force either in the self-assembly of carriers or in the loading of drugs. It is also possible to employ strong recognitions to achieve self-delivery of drugs. Due to dynamic controllable drug-release properties, the supramolecular nanoscale drug-delivery system provides a promising platform for precision medicine.
Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant urinary tract infections in children presenting to the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Kang Kristopher T , Ng Karen , Kendrick Jennifer , Tilley Peter , Ting Joseph , Rassekh Shahrad , Murthy Srinivas , Roberts Ashley 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The incidence of antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children is increasing. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant UTIs presenting to the paediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at British Columbia Children’s Hospital. Children aged 0 to 18 years old presenting to the ED between July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014 and were found to have UTI due to Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species were included. Patient demographics, clinical features, laboratory findings, and outcomes were compared using standard statistical analyses. Risk factors for resistant UTIs were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results
There were 294 eligible patients. The median age was 27.4 months. A third-generation cephalosporin-resistant organism was identified in 36 patients (12%). Patients with resistant UTI had lower rates of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy (25% versus 95.3%, P&lt;0.05), higher rates of hospitalization (38.9% versus 21.3%, P&lt;0.05), higher rates of undergoing a voiding cystourethrogram (19.4% versus 5.0%, P&lt;0.05), and higher rates of UTI recurrence within 30 days (13.9% versus 4.7%, P&lt;0.05). In multivariate analysis, recent hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 16) and antibiotic therapy (OR 3.5, CI 1.5 to 8.5) within the previous 30 days were risk factors for resistant UTI.

Conclusions
Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant organisms account for a significant proportion of community-acquired paediatric UTIs. Recent hospitalization and antibiotic use are associated with increased risk of resistant UTI.
The earliest well-documented occurrence of sexual dimorphism in extinct sloths: evolutionary and palaeoecological insights
Authors: Boscaini Alberto , Gaudin Timothy J , Toledo Néstor , Quispe Bernardino Mamani , Antoine Pierre-Olivier , Pujos François 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSexual dimorphism (SD) is extremely common in species that have reproductive roles segregated into separate sexes, and it has been recognized in several mammalian lineages, both extant and extinct. Sexual dimorphism is low to moderate in living sloths, but it had a more important role for extinct sloth taxa. The presence of SD in extinct sloths was first suggested at the end of the 19th century and it is now commonly advocated as a possible explanation of high intraspecific variation in many extinct sloth species. In this paper, we report the presence of SD in Simomylodon uccasamamensis, a Late Miocene to Late Pliocene sloth from the Bolivian Altiplano. We present evidence of SD in the morphology of cranial and postcranial remains, representing the earliest unequivocal occurrence of size-based SD in an extinct sloth species. Differences between sexes are mainly observed in the morphology of the feeding apparatus and general body size. Comparisons with extant large mammals allow us to hypothesize different food selection between the two sexes, with probable divergent habitat use and concomitant niche separation. This, in turn, could have represented an important selective factor for adaptation to environmental changes experienced by the Bolivian Altiplano in Late Neogene times.
Supervised classification enables rapid annotation of cell atlases
Authors: Pliner Hannah A. , Shendure Jay , Trapnell Cole 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTSingle cell technologies for profiling tissues or even entire organisms are rapidly being adopted. However, the manual process by which cell types are typically annotated in the resulting data is labor-intensive and increasingly rate-limiting for the field. Here we describe Garnett, an algorithm and accompanying software for rapidly annotating cell types in scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq datasets, based on an interpretable, hierarchical markup language of cell type-specific genes. Garnett successfully classifies cell types in tissue and whole organism datasets, as well as across species.