bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical characterization of leaves and calli extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis by UHPLC‐MS
Authors: Pérez‐Mendoza Martha Berenice , Llorens‐Escobar Laura , Vanegas‐Espinoza Pablo Emilio , Cifuentes Alejandro , Ibáñez Elena , Villar‐Martínez Alma Angélica Del 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant widely popular mainly due to its uses in traditional medicine as an anti‐inflammatory, diuretic and antimicrobial, as well as in the prevention and treatment of diseases. These biological activities are mainly related to the presence of phenolic and terpenic compounds. This work reports a chemical profile analysis of extracts from leaves and calli of rosemary obtained by both pressurized liquid extraction and maceration. Chemical profiles were determined on calli extracts of 3, 6, 9, and 15 days of culture; chemical characterization and quantification of compounds was carried out using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. A total of 53 metabolites were identified in callus and 47 compounds in leaf extracts, of which 25 correspond to phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids and flavones, 13 terpenes that include phenolic terpenes and one diterpenolactone, two glycosides which correspond to 6‐O‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐fructofuranosil‐(2→1)‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside and primulaverin, an aromatic compound identified as fenantrenone and a growth regulator 12‐hydroxy jasmonic acid. These results showed that undifferentiated rosemary cells accumulate the same compounds identified mainly in highly specialized tissues such as leaves. The plant cell culture supply the possibility of developing biotechnological processes to obtain compounds of commercial interest.
Spatio‐Temporal data fusion for massive sea surface temperature data from MODIS and AMSR‐E instruments
Authors: Ma Pulong , Kang Emily L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRemote sensing data have been widely used to study various geophysical processes. With the advances in remote sensing technology, massive amount of remote sensing data are collected in space over time. Different satellite instruments typically have different footprints, measurement‐error characteristics, and data coverages. To combine data sets from different satellite instruments, we propose a dynamic fused Gaussian process (DFGP) model that enables fast statistical inference such as filtering and smoothing for massive spatio‐temporal data sets in a data‐fusion context. Based upon a spatio‐temporal‐random‐effect model, the DFGP methodology represents the underlying true process with two components: a linear combination of a small number of basis functions and random coefficients with a general covariance matrix, together with a linear combination of a large number of basis functions and Markov random coefficients. To model the underlying geophysical process at different spatial resolutions, we rely on the change‐of‐support property, which also allows efficient computations in the DFGP model. To estimate model parameters, we devise a computationally efficient stochastic expectation‐maximization algorithm to ensure its scalability for massive data sets. The DFGP model is applied to a total of 3.7 million sea surface temperature data sets in the tropical Pacific Ocean for a one‐week time period in 2010 from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) instruments.
Understanding the CO2 sorption mechanisms of the MgO‐doped Na‐based sorbent at low temperatures
Authors: Xu Zhikang , Wu Ye , Cai Tianyi , Chen Xiaoping , Ma Jiliang , Liu Daoyin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing a solid Na‐based sorbent is one potential option to decrease CO2 emission in coal‐fired power plants, and the CO2 sorption reactivity of Na2CO3/γ‐Al2O3 sorbent was improved by mechanically doping MgO into Na2CO3/γ‐Al2O3 in our previous study while the mechanism was not clear. In this paper, the CO2 sorption/desorption mechanisms of the promising MgO‐doped Na‐based sorbent prepared by the two‐step incipient wetness impregnation method were studied using a fixed‐bed reactor, together with characterizations of X‐ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption apparatus, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG‐FTIR). Also, the sorption behaviors were well described with Avrami's fractional‐order kinetic model. Results demonstrated that MgO not only dispersed on γ‐Al2O3 but entered γ‐Al2O3’s lattice, leading to the formation of Mg‐Al mixed oxides for CO2 sorption. In addition, a new phase Mg6Al2CO3(OH)16·4H2O was produced during the CO2 sorption process, which plays a crucial role in facilitating the conversion of Na2CO3 to NaHCO3. The CO2 sorption capacity of MgO‐doped Na‐based sorbents is presumably determined by the trade‐off between microstructure and active component dispersion. The knowledge gained about the promotion mechanism of MgO provides fundamental direction for the synthesis of Mg–Al mixed oxides, supported with the developed microstructure for CO2 sorption enhancement of Na‐based sorbents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon sequestration of cropland and paddy soils in China: potential, driving factors, and mechanisms
Authors: Tang Haiying , Liu Ying , Li Xinmei , Muhammad Aamer , Huang Guoqin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe environmental problems caused by global warming have attracted close attention of governments and scientists all over the world. As the source and sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide, cropland soil plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Paddy soil is a major component of global cropland, and there is growing research on its carbon sequestration potential. Based on the dynamic characteristics of soil carbon sequestration in cropland, this paper reviews and synthesizes the process and mechanism of soil carbon sequestration in cropland, discusses the driving factors of soil carbon sequestration in cropland from the perspective of crop management practices, and emphatically discusses the knowledge of soil carbon sequestration potential in paddy fields in China. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The organic carbon content of cropland soil in China is obviously lower than the global average, and the current sequestration rate of paddy soil in China is obviously lower than the potential sequestration rate, which has great potential for carbon sequestration. Since the mid‐1980s, China's agricultural soil organic carbon (SOC) has been gradually increasing, especially the carbon sink effect of rice soil in southern China. (2) Soil and crop management practices such as conservation agriculture, irrigation, integrated nutrition management, straw returning, and crop rotation can improve input efficiency, increase SOC content in the soil carbon pool, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (3) The research on SOC fixation mechanism has entered the micro level of soil particles. The chemical protection mechanism of clay, the physical protection mechanism of aggregates, and the biological mechanism interact and influence each other. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demonstration of the newly developed MTEM systems for gold detection in China
Authors: Di Qingyun , Xue Guoqiang , Lei Da , Wang Zhongxin , Li Hai , Olalekan Fayemi 
Published: July 2019

Previously, the multi‐channel transient electromagnetic (MTEM) system has been successfully developed and applied to hydrocarbon reservoirs exploration on land and offshore environments in France. In order to explore the mineral resources buried at the depths up to 2,000 m in China, we developed a new MTEM system. In this paper, we present the components of the system, methods, principles, the parameters of the system, and the data interpretation method. To validate the effectiveness of the methodology and the developed system, we carried out an MTEM survey to locate the controlling faults of a gold deposit in the east of China. The survey contains 30 receivers distributed over 12‐km survey. By comparing the MTEM interpretation results with the known geological background, we find that MTEM methods can provide a good estimation of the ore‐controlling faults and this method could be a potential tool for the future deep mineral exploration.
Geochemical characteristics of siliceous rocks of Wufeng Formation in the Late Ordovician, South China: Assessing provenance, depositional environment, and formation model
Authors: Men Xin , Mou Chuanlong , Ge Xiangying , Wang Yuanchong 
Published: July 2019

During the Late Ordovician, abundant siliceous rocks interlayered with K‐bentonites were widely distributed in the Wufeng Formation in the north‐western part of the Sichuan Basin, South China. In order to analyse the material provenance, redox condition, sedimentary environment, and their formation, here we present mineralogical and geochemical investigations on siliceous rocks samples collected from three sections. The presence of massive radiolarian tests, high Si/Si + Al + Fe + Ca ratios (0.87–0.99) and Al–Fe–Mn diagram plotting at nonhydrothermal area, reflects that the deposition of the siliceous rocks was simultaneous, effected by biogenic and terrigenous origin. The TiO2–Zr, La/Th–Hf, and La/Yb‐∑REE bivariate diagrams indicate that the provenance of Late Ordovician siliceous rocks was primarily from felsic igneous rocks. According to the palaeoredox indicators (V/(V + Ni), V/Cr, V/Sc, U/Th, and Ni/Co) and the size of framboidal pyrite, it is considered that the water column conditions of the Late Ordovician siliceous rocks were likely to be anoxic in all three sections. The application of parameters for relatively immobile elements allowed us to establish a continental margin for most samples from the three sections. Finally, we propose that the deposition of siliceous rocks was related to the accretion of the Cathaysia Block to the Yangtze Block. During the Late Ordovician, huge amounts of volcanic ash were released by intensified volcanic eruptions and fell into the ocean, triggering the proliferation of radiolarians. The abundant radiolarians and the persistent continental detritus constituted the major components of siliceous rocks in the Upper Yangtze Block.
Heritable Genome Editing in a Global Context: National and International Policy Challenges
Authors: Rosemann Achim , Balen Adam , Nerlich Brigitte , Hauskeller Christine , Sleeboom‐Faulkner Margaret , Hartley Sarah , Zhang Xinqing , Lee Nick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA central problem for the international governance of heritable germline gene editing is that there are important differences in attitudes and values as well as ethical and health care considerations around the world. These differences are reflected in a complicated and diverse regulatory landscape. Several publications have discussed whether reproductive uses would be legally permissible in individual countries and whether clinical applications could emerge in the context of regulatory gaps and gray areas. Systematic comparative studies that explore issues related to the governance of this technology from different national and international perspectives are needed to address the lack of knowledge in this area. In this research report, we contribute to filling this gap by presenting views of stakeholders in the United Kingdom on challenges to the governance of heritable genome editing. We present findings from a multistakeholder study conducted in the United Kingdom between October 2016 and January 2018 and funded by the Wellcome Trust. This research included interviews, literature analysis, and a workshop. We involved leading U.K. scientists, in vitro fertilization clinicians, and representatives from regulatory bodies, patient organizations, and other civil societal organizations, as well as fertility companies. Part one of this article explores stakeholder perceptions of possible global developments in heritable genome editing and associated risks and governance challenges. Part two presents a range of policy options that were generated during the workshop in relation to the challenges discussed in part one.
Genomic Essentialism: Its Provenance and Trajectory as an Anticipatory Ethical Concern
Authors: Sabatello Maya , Juengst Eric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince the inception of large‐scale human genome research, there has been much caution about the risks of exacerbating a number of socially dangerous attitudes linked to human genetics. These attitudes are usually labeled with one of a family of genetic or genomic “isms” or “ations” such as “genetic essentialism,” “genetic determinism,” “genetic reductionism,” “geneticization,” “genetic stigmatization,” and “genetic discrimination.” The psychosocial processes these terms refer to are taken to exacerbate several ills that are similarly labeled, from medical racism and psychological fatalism to economic exploitation and social exclusion. But as genomic information becomes more familiar in clinical and research settings as well as other life activities, do we need to continue to worry so much about this family of attitudes and their impact on existing problems?In genomics, the underlying anxiety has been that disclosure of genomic information will trigger a series of (seemingly unavoidable) negative responses that will affect individuals, their families, and their communities at large. The fundamental social challenges that hyperbolic genomic messaging, low genomic literacy, and “folk biology” help sustain remain to be addressed. If we hope to break the cycle of genomic isms and ations, we will have to get better at resisting overinterpretations of the relevance that genomics has for people’s future potentials, ancestral vulnerabilities, community memberships, and ethnic affiliations.
What Is the Psychosocial Impact of Providing Genetic and Genomic Health Information to Individuals? An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Wade Christopher H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOptimistic predictions that genetic and genomic testing will provide health benefits have been tempered by the concern that individuals who receive their results may experience negative psychosocial outcomes. This potential ethical and clinical concern has prompted extensive conversations between policy‐makers, health researchers, ethicists, and the general public. Fortunately, the psychosocial consequences of such testing are subject to empirical investigation, and over the past quarter century, research that clarifies some of the types, likelihood, and severity of potential harms from learning the results of the testing has accumulated. I aim to provide an overview of the findings of this research by looking at selected systematic reviews. This will convey the gist of the literature’s quality and coverage, reveal gaps in existing knowledge, and highlight promising areas for future scholarship.
Beecher Reconsidered
Authors: Moreno Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn 1962, Harvard professor of anesthesiology Henry Beecher wrote to Senator Estes Kefauver about certain additions to the federal Food and Drug Act then being considered. According to The Antibiotic Era, the Maryland congressman Samuel Friedel had introduced language that would require informed consent in clinical research. Beecher joined a number of other distinguished medical scientists warning that such a requirement would “cripple” American medical research. A year before, Beecher had protested the U.S. Army's inclusion of the Nuremberg Code in its contracts. Beecher's commitment to a medical ethics of virtue rather than one of oversight suggests that he was a far more interesting person than the cardboard cutout so often vaguely referenced in bioethics as an icon of the rights of human subjects. His thinking about research ethics was rooted in his post‐World War II laboratory work with LSD.
The role of CIP2A as a therapeutic target of rapamycin in radioresistant head and neck cancer with TP53 mutation
Authors: Kim Song Hee , Lee Won Hyeok , Seong Daseul , An Jae Hee , Je Hyoung Uk , Nam Hae Yun , Kim Sang Yoon , Kim Seong Who , Han Myung Woul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCIP2A may activate multiple oncogenic proteins and promote the proliferation of various cancer cells.MethodsWe investigated that the role of CIP2A in radioresistant head and neck cancer (HNC) cell line with TP53 mutation and the effect of the rapamycin on the response of HN31 with TP53 mutation cells to irradiation related to CIP2A expression.ResultsCIP2A expression was stimulated by p53 mutation and critical for the inhibition of senescence induction in response to radiation. The treatment with radiation alone neither induced cytotoxicity in HN31 cells nor completely suppressed the activation of CIP2A. However, the combination of radiation and rapamycin increase the radiosensitivity through the induction of senescence with downregulation of CIP2A expression both in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionOur results suggest that CIP2A may serve as a therapeutic target of rapamycin through induction of senescence in radioresistant HNC with TP53 mutation.
Modeling leverage and long memory in volatility in a pure‐jump process
Authors: Hsieh Meng‐Chen , Hurvich Clifford , Soulier Philippe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe propose a model for log asset prices in which the underlying transactions and price changes are governed by a marked Cox process. We derive tractable analytical expressions for the autocovariances of the returns, the squared returns, and the covariance of current returns and subsequent squared returns measured at fixed calendar‐time frequency. We further prove that statistical properties of the derived return process match the stylized facts observed in empirical financial data such as short memory in returns, long memory in the counts (number of trades), long memory in the realized variance, and the leverage effect. Finally, we provide procedures for estimating the model parameters based on the transaction‐level data for a special case of our model.
Teacher perceptions of sun protection practices in the secondary school setting: Barriers, enablers and recommendations for future
Authors: Nicholson Anna K. , Hill Jane , Walker Heather , Heward Sue , Dobbinson Suzanne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis qualitative study aimed to explore sun protection barriers and enablers in secondary schools in Victoria.MethodsFive focus groups were conducted with nominated Health or Physical Education (PE) Coordinators (or other staff representatives) from schools in metropolitan and regional Victoria. Discussions were audio‐recorded, transcribed and coded thematically.ResultsParticipants identified the need for regulatory influences that included minimum standards for sun protection policy, training and shade in the built environment. Participants perceived that sun protection is not always acknowledged to be a duty of care in secondary schools. A crowded health and well‐being curriculum, a focus on fostering independence, and challenges overcoming peer norms were perceived to be important contextual influences. At an organisational level, strong leadership and a united approach among staff were identified as critical ingredients for successful policy implementation and organisational change. Several potentially effective strategies were proposed, including increased shade, leveraging from student leaders, normalising sun protection practices and prioritising staff role modelling.ConclusionsA cultural shift is required for many schools to accept and act on sun protection as a duty of care. A comprehensive approach that includes regulatory action, healthy school policies and leading by example may help protect students and staff from harmful UV exposure during school hours.So what?Without regulatory support, strong leadership is required to implement and enforce sun protection practices within schools. Health promotion programs could assist schools to trial and evaluate the sun protection strategies that involve student‐led solutions, role modelling and increasing shade.
Sonochemical coating as an effective method of polymeric nonwovens functionalization
Authors: Kołbuk Dorota , Urbanek Olga , Denis Piotr , Choińska Emilia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA surface of polymeric nonwovens may be coated with various types of nanoparticles for medical applications, filtration, and so forth. However, quite often methods used for surface modification are difficult to scale up or are not applicable for polymers. In this article, we present one‐step process enabling nonwovens functionalization. Poly(l‐lactide‐co‐glicolide) (PLGA) nonwovens were prepared by electrospinning process and coated with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) using ultrasonic processing. The effect of the process was evaluated with various techniques. HAp layer was successfully attached without loss of structural properties of HAp or PLGA nonwovens. The analysis confirmed the decrease of hydrophobicity of coated nonwoven, as well as its biocompatibility, making this material valuable from the perspective of medical applications. The sonochemical functionalization of polymeric nonwovens may be considered as an effective and economic method, enhancing surface properties of electrospun nonwovens for various applications.
Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate–Containing Antiretrovirals Maintains Low Bone Formation Rate, But Increases Osteoid Volume on Bone Histomorphometry
Authors: Ramalho Janaina , Martins Carolina Steller Wagner , Galvão Juliana , Furukawa Luzia N , Domingues Wagner V , Oliveira Ivone B , dos Reis Luciene M , Pereira Rosa MR , Nickolas Thomas L , Yin Michael T , Eira Margareth , Jorgetti Vanda , Moyses Rosa MA 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Bone mineral density (BMD) loss is a known complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its treatment, particularly with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing antiretroviral regimens. Although renal proximal tubular dysfunction and phosphaturia is common with TDF, it is unknown whether BMD loss results from inadequate mineralization. We evaluated change in BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone histomorphometry by tetracycline double-labeled transiliac crest biopsies in young men living with HIV before (n = 20) and 12 months after (n = 16) initiating TDF/lamivudine/efavirenz. We examined relationships between calciotropic hormones, urinary phosphate excretion, pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive cytokines, and bone remodeling-related proteins with changes in BMD and histomorphometry. Mean age was 29.6 ± 5.5 years, with mean CD4 + T cell count of 473 ± 196 cells/mm3. At baseline, decreased bone formation rate and increased mineralization lag time were identified in 16 (80%) and 12 (60%) patients, respectively. After 12 months, we detected a 2% to 3% decrease in lumbar spine and hip BMD by DXA. By histomorphometry, we observed no change in bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) and trabecular parameters, but rather, increases in cortical thickness, osteoid volume, and osteoblast and osteoclast surfaces. We did not observe significant worsening of renal phosphate excretion or mineralization parameters. Increases in PTH correlated with decreased BMD but not histomorphometric parameters. Overall, these data suggest abnormalities in bone formation and mineralization occur with HIV infection and are evident at early stages. With TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is an increase in bone remodeling, reflected by increased osteoblast and osteoclast surfaces, but a persistence in mineralization defect, resulting in increased osteoid volume. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.