bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term and long-term outcomes of robotic rectal surgery—from the real word data of 1145 consecutive cases in China
Authors: Chang Wenju , Wei Ye , Ren Li , Jian Mi , Chen Yijiao , Chen Jingwen , Liu Tianyu , Huang Wenbai , Peng Shangjin , Xu Jianmin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Due to a limited patient sample size, substantial data on robotic rectal resection (RRR) is lacking. Here, we reported a large consecutive cases from the real word data to assess the safety and efficacy of RRR.

Methods
From September 2010 to June 2017, a total of 1145 consecutive RRR procedures were performed in patients with stage I–IV disease. We conducted an analysis based on information from a prospectively designed database to evaluate surgical outcomes, urogenital function, and long-term oncological outcomes.

Results
Of three types of RRR performed, 227 (24.2%) were abdominoperineal resections, 865 (75.5%) were anterior resections, and 3 (0.3%) were Hartmann. Conversion to an open procedure occurred in 5.9% of patients. The overall positive circumferential margin rate was 1.3%. Surgical complication rate and mortality were 16.2% and 0.8% within 30 days of surgery, respectively. Mean hospital stay after surgery and hospital cost were 6.3 ± 2.9 days and 10442.5 ± 3321.5 US dollars, respectively. Risk factors for surgical complications included male gender, tumor location (mid-low rectum), combined organ resection, and clinical T category (cT3–4). Urinary function and general sexual satisfaction decreased significantly 1 month after surgery for both sexes. Subsequently, both parameters increased progressively, and the values 1 year after surgery were comparable to those measured before surgery. At a median follow-up of 34.6 months, local recurrence and distant metastases occurred in 2.3% and 21.1% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Robotic rectal resection was safe with preserved urogenital function and arrived equivalent oncological outcomes in a nonselected group of patients with rectal cancer.
Orthogonal Systems with a Skew-Symmetric Differentiation Matrix
Authors: Iserles Arieh , Webb Marcus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we explore orthogonal systems in $$\mathrm {L}_2({\mathbb R})$$L2(R) which give rise to a real skew-symmetric, tridiagonal, irreducible differentiation matrix. Such systems are important since they are stable by design and, if necessary, preserve Euclidean energy for a variety of time-dependent partial differential equations. We prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between such an orthonormal system $$\{\varphi _n\}_{n\in {\mathbb Z}_+}$${φn}n∈Z+ and a sequence of polynomials $$\{p_n\}_{n\in {\mathbb Z}_+}$${pn}n∈Z+ orthonormal with respect to a symmetric probability measure $$\mathrm{d}\mu (\xi ) = w(\xi ){\mathrm {d}}\xi $$dμ(ξ)=w(ξ)dξ. If $$\mathrm{d}\mu $$dμ is supported by the real line, this system is dense in $$\mathrm {L}_2({\mathbb R})$$L2(R); otherwise, it is dense in a Paley–Wiener space of band-limited functions. The path leading from $$\mathrm{d}\mu $$dμ to $$\{\varphi _n\}_{n\in {\mathbb Z}_+}$${φn}n∈Z+ is constructive, and we provide detailed algorithms to this end. We also prove that the only such orthogonal system consisting of a polynomial sequence multiplied by a weight function is the Hermite functions. The paper is accompanied by a number of examples illustrating our argument.
Overview of natural hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Catoira Marta Calvo , Fusaro Luca , Di Francesco Dalila , Ramella Martina , Boccafoschi Francesca 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hydrogels from different materials can be used in biomedical field as an innovative approach in regenerative medicine. Depending on the origin source, hydrogels can be synthetized through chemical and physical methods. Hydrogel can be characterized through several physical parameters, such as size, elastic modulus, swelling and degradation rate. Lately, research is focused on hydrogels derived from biologic materials. These hydrogels can be derived from protein polymers, such as collage, elastin, and polysaccharide polymers like glycosaminoglycans or alginate among others. Introduction of decellularized tissues into hydrogels synthesis displays several advantages compared to natural or synthetic based hydrogels. Preservation of natural molecules such as growth factors, glycans, bioactive cryptic peptides and natural proteins can promote cell growth, function, differentiation, angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, antimicrobial effects, and chemotactic effects. Versatility of hydrogels make possible multiple applications and combinations with several molecules on order to obtain the adequate characteristic for each scope. In this context, a lot of molecules such as cross link agents, drugs, grow factors or cells can be used. This review focuses on the recent progress of hydrogels synthesis and applications in order to classify the most recent and relevant matters in biomedical field.
Soziale Herkunft, Lebensverlaufsereignisse und die verspätete Aufnahme einer beruflichen Ausbildung formal Geringqualifizierter
Authors: Dietrich Hans , Patzina Alexander , Kretschmer Sara 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungRund ein Viertel der Sekundarstufe-I-Absolventen in Deutschland erwirbt bis zum 25. Lebensjahr keinen beruflichen Abschluss. Diese Gruppe der formal Geringqualifizierten weist ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko auf, erwerbslos zu sein, ein niedriges Einkommen zu beziehen oder eine prekäre Erwerbstätigkeit auszuüben. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Faktoren formal Geringqualifizierte motivieren, ab dem 25. Lebensjahr noch eine berufliche Erstausbildung aufzunehmen. Zur Begründung nachholender Bildungsentscheidungen wird einerseits auf Theorien sozialer Herkunft und andererseits auf individuelle Lebensverlaufsereignisse (Bildungs- und Erwerbsverlauf sowie Migration) Bezug genommen. Unter Verwendung von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanel (NEPS SC6:7.0.0) belegen Logit-Regressionen, dass formal Geringqualifizierte aus bildungsnahen Elternhäusern mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit ab dem Alter von 25 Jahren noch eine erste berufliche Ausbildung aufnehmen als formal Geringqualifizierte anderer Herkunftsgruppen. Während der individuelle Bildungsverlauf einen schwachen Einfluss auf verspätete Bildungsentscheidungen ausübt, erweist sich der individuelle Erwerbsverlauf bis zur Bildungsentscheidung als äußerst relevant. Langzeitarbeitslose und formal Geringqualifizierte, die sich am Arbeitsmarkt etabliert haben (d. h. Personen mit hoher Erwerbserfahrung und Betriebszugehörigkeit), haben eine geringe Neigung, verspätet in berufliche Bildung zu investieren. Bei Personen mit Migrationshintergrund kommt insbesondere dem Alter beim Zuzug nach Deutschland Bedeutung zu. Insgesamt verweisen die Befunde auf ein beachtliches Potenzial für die berufliche Bildung in Deutschland, das bislang zu wenig ausgeschöpft wird.
How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing
Authors: Davenport Thomas , Guha Abhijit , Grewal Dhruv , Bressgott Timna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the future, artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to substantially change both marketing strategies and customer behaviors. Building from not only extant research but also extensive interactions with practice, the authors propose a multidimensional framework for understanding the impact of AI involving intelligence levels, task types, and whether AI is embedded in a robot. Prior research typically addresses a subset of these dimensions; this paper integrates all three into a single framework. Next, the authors propose a research agenda that addresses not only how marketing strategies and customer behaviors will change in the future, but also highlights important policy questions relating to privacy, bias and ethics. Finally, the authors suggest AI will be more effective if it augments (rather than replaces) human managers.
Attachment Style, Sexual Orientation, and Biological Sex in their Relationships With Gender Role
Authors: Ciocca Giacomo , Zauri Selene , Limoncin Erika , Mollaioli Daniele , D’Antuono Laura , Carosa Eleonora , Nimbi Filippo M. , Simonelli Chiara , Balercia Giancarlo , Reisman Yacov , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Masculinity and femininity constitute the gender role construct into the general concept of sexual identity.

Aim
To investigate the relationships of attachment style, sexual orientation and biological sex with the gender role.

Methods
A convenience sample of 344 subjects (females = 207; males = 137) was recruited.

Main Outcome Measures
The Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the Kinsey Scale, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory assessed, respectively, attachment styles, sexual orientation, and masculinity/femininity was administered.

Results
Regression analysis revealed that the confidence scale of the ASQ (secure attachment) and relationship as secondary scale of ASQ (insecure/dismissing attachment) have a predictive role toward a higher score of masculinity (β = 0.201; P = .000 and β = 0.208; P = .000, respectively), whereas the need of approval scale of the ASQ (insecure/fearful-preoccupied attachment) shows a reverse association on it (β = −0.228; P = .001). Moreover, to be a male is predictive for masculinity (β = 0.196; P = .000). Also, femininity is predicted by the confidence (β = 0.173; P = .002) and the need of approval (β = 0.151; P = .03) scales of ASQ. Instead, the relationship as secondary scale of ASQ is negatively related to femininity (β = −0.198; P = .0001). No association between non-heterosexual orientation and gender role was found.

Clinical Implications
A better knowledge of links between relational patterns and gender roles for assessment and anamnesis phases in sexual medicine.

Strengths & Limitations
This is the first study considering sexual orientation and biological sex in the relationship between attachment styles and gender role. The main limitation is the use of self-reported psychometric tests.

Conclusion
Our data indicate that a secure attachment is related to both masculinity and femininity. On the contrary, different and reverse aspects of insecure attachment style characterize masculinity and femininity. Masculinity is mostly linked to insecure/dismissing attachment, whereas femininity is linked to insecure/fearful-preoccupied attachment. Moreover, although being male is a further element in support of masculinity, sexual orientation is not associated with gender role.
Post-jökulhlaup geomorphic evolution of the Gígjökull Basin, Iceland
Authors: Harrison D. , Ross N. , Russell A. J. , Dunning S. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow landscapes respond to, and evolve from, large jökulhlaups (glacial outburst floods) is poorly constrained due to limited observations and detailed monitoring. We investigate how melt of glacier ice transported and deposited by multiple jökulhlaups during the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, modified the volume and surface elevation of jökulhlaup deposits. Jökulhlaups generated by the eruption deposited large volumes of sediment and ice, causing significant geomorphic change in the Gígjökull proglacial basin over a 4-week period. Observation of these events enabled robust constraints on the physical properties of the floods which informs our understanding of the deposits. Using ground-based LiDAR, GPS observations and the satellite-image-derived ArcticDEMs, we quantify the post-depositional response of the 60 m-thick Gígjökull sediment package to the meltout of buried ice and other geomorphic processes. Between 2010 and 2016, total deposit volume reduced by −0.95 × 106 m3 a−1, with significant surface lowering of up to 1.88 m a−1. Surface lowering and volumetric loss of the deposits is attributed to three factors: (i) meltout of ice deposited by the jökulhlaups; (ii) rapid melting of the buried Gígjökull glacier snout; and (iii) incision of the proglacial meltwater system into the jökulhlaup deposits.
The Law of Bad Smells: Making and Adjudicating Offensiveness Claims in Contemporary Local Law
Authors: Valverde Mariana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe sense of smell seems to have resisted the kind of objective measurement process that might have facilitated settling competing claims about offensive smells by applying a general rule or standard. As a result, authorities,including courts,cannot avoid making subjective judgements of taste. A nuisance lawsuit out of Ontario regarding a mushroom farm, or rather its smells, is used here as one source of material about the difficulties of adjudication in this subfield of the “law of the senses.” Attention is also paid to a curious quasi-judicial entity, Ontario’s Normal Farm Practices Protection Board, charged with resolving, mainly through mediation, disputes about farm smells between farmers and non-farming neighbours. Overall, the article shows that the ex post facto, situated and complaint-driven logic of nuisance that nineteenth-century law used to govern offensive noises as well as nasty smells, and which left plenty of room for subjective judgements of taste, keeps reappearing in the present day. Nasty smells seem particularly impervious to modernization, that is to being managed through objective measurement and preventive regulation.
Steepened Mach waves near supersonic jets: study of azimuthal structure and generation process using conditional averages
Authors: Pineau Pierre , Bogey Christophe 
Published: October 2019

The azimuthal structure and the generation process of steepened acoustic waves are investigated in the near field of temporal round jets at Mach numbers of 2 and 3. Initially, the shear layers of the jets are in a laminar state and display instability waves whose main properties are close to those predicted from linear temporal analysis. Then, they transition to a turbulent state and generate high-intensity Mach waves displaying sharp compressions typical of those recorded for jets producing crackle noise. These waves are first shown to be poorly reproduced when only the axisymmetric mode is considered, but to be well captured with the first five azimuthal modes. Their generation process is investigated by performing conditional averages of the flow and acoustic fields triggered by the detection of intense positive pressure peak close to the jets. No steepened waves are visible in the conditionally averaged pressure profiles when the procedure involves only one azimuthal mode at a time. However, sharp compressions are obtained based on the first five modes taken together. In that case, the steep compressions are correlated over a limited portion of the jet circumference and are steeper as more azimuthal modes are considered. Moreover, a direct link is established between the steepened waves and the supersonic convection of large-scale coherent flow structures located in the supersonic core of the jets. This indicates that these waves constitute an extreme, nonlinear case of Mach wave radiation by these structures. In addition, the capacity of flow structures to generate sharp, steepened waves is related to their shapes. More particularly, flow structures with a large extent in the radial direction are shown to produce stronger and steeper Mach waves than those that are elongated in the flow direction.
Atomization of acoustically forced liquid sheets
Authors: Dighe Sandip , Gadgil Hrishikesh 
Published: October 2019

Atomization of a smooth laminar liquid sheet produced by the oblique impingement of two liquid jets and subjected to transverse acoustic forcing in quiescent ambient is investigated. The acoustic forcing perturbs the liquid sheet perpendicular to its plane, thereby setting up a train of sinuous waves propagating radially outwards from the impingement point. These sheet undulations grow as the wave speed decreases towards the edge of the sheet and the sheet characteristics, like intact length and mean drop size, reduce drastically as compared to the natural breakup. Our observations show that the effect of the acoustic field is perceptible over a continuous range of forcing frequencies. Beyond a certain forcing frequency, called the cutoff frequency, the effect of the external acoustic field ceases. The cutoff frequency is found to be an increasing function of the Weber number. Our measurements of the characteristics of spatially amplifying sinuous waves show that the instabilities responsible for the natural sheet breakup augment in the presence of external forcing. Combining the experimental observations and measurements, we conclude that the linear theory of aerodynamic interaction (Squire’s theory) (Squire,Brit. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 4 (6), 1953, pp. 167–169) predicts the important features of this phenomenon reasonably well.
Nutritional and physiological responses of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with de-oiled soyabean lecithin at different metabolisable energy levels and various fat sources
Authors: Majdolhosseini Leila , Ghasemi Hossein Ali , Hajkhodadadi Iman , Moradi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA 42-d study was conducted to investigate the effects of an emulsifier supplementation (de-oiled soyabean lecithin (DSL)) of diets with different levels of metabolisable energy (ME) and various sources of fat on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and jejunal morphology of broiler chickens. Diets were arranged factorially (2 × 2 × 2) and consisted of two concentrations of ME (normal and low), two fat sources (soyabean oil (SO) and poultry fat (PF)) and two levels of DSL supplementation (0 and 1 g/kg). A total of 800 1-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to eight treatments with five replicates/treatment. The results showed the supplemental DSL caused improvements in the overall feed conversion ratio, fat digestibility and jejunal villus height:crypt depth ratio, but the magnitude of the responses was greater in the PF-containing diets, resulting in significant fat × DSL interactions (P<0·05). Abdominal fat percentage was also reduced by the PF-containing diet, but the response was greater in the normal ME diet, resulting in a significant ME × fat interaction (P= 0·048). Dietary DSL supplementation also increased nitrogen-corrected apparent ME values but decreased blood TAG (P= 0·041) and LDL (P= 0·049) concentrations, regardless of the source of fat used or the ME values in the diet. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the improvements in growth performance, fat digestibility and intestinal morphology that can be achieved with DSL supplementation are highly dependent on the degree of saturation of lipid incorporated into broiler chicken diets.
Partnering with your Pirate: Interdependent Sino-foreign rivalry in China's textbook market
Authors: WANG FEI-HSIEN 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs the Qing state launched its full-scale educational reform at the turn of the twentieth century, tens of thousands of new schools mushroomed all over China. Their urgent and enormous demand for textbooks created a thriving new market that attracted both Chinese and foreign publishing firms. Nurtured in China's traditional book trade, Chinese print capitalists had local knowledge of distribution networks and cultural politics, but not a real command of producing educational Western knowledge. To keep up with Chinese students’ increasing demand for Western knowledge, they pirated textbooks published by foreign companies. Meanwhile, leading American and British publishing corporations were expanding their international business by targeting developing countries that had recently established a modern general education system, like China. Drawing from government and company archives, as well as personal papers and legal documents, this article traces the multinational competition, copyright disputes, and business collaborations between a leading textbook provider in China and their Anglo-American competitors between the 1900s and the 1930s. It illustrates an unexpected and uneasy partnership some foreign publishers formed with Chinese pirates in order to gain better access to China's textbook market. Chinese publishers, on the other hand, used piracy and their local knowledge to bargain for better import credit and deals with their foreign rivals. Both sides were dependent on each other to gain the advantage in their transnational business operations in the globalizing Asian textbook business.
Personalized models of personality disorders: using a temporal network method to understand symptomatology and daily functioning in a clinical sample
Authors: Dotterer Hailey L. , Beltz Adriene M. , Foster Katherine T. , Simms Leonard J. , Wright Aidan G. C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn ongoing challenge in understanding and treating personality disorders (PDs) is a significant heterogeneity in disorder expression, stemming from variability in underlying dynamic processes. These processes are commonly discussed in clinical settings, but are rarely empirically studied due to their personalized, temporal nature. The goal of the current study was to combine intensive longitudinal data collection with person-specific temporal network models to produce individualized symptom-level structures of personality pathology. These structures were then linked to traditional PD diagnoses and stress (to index daily functioning).MethodsUsing about 100 daily assessments of internalizing and externalizing domains underlying PDs (i.e. negative affect, detachment, impulsivity, hostility), a temporal network mapping approach (i.e. group iterative multiple model estimation) was used to create person-specific networks of the temporal relations among domains for 91 individuals (62.6% female) with a PD. Network characteristics were then associated with traditional PD symptomatology (controlling for mean domain levels) and with daily variation in clinically-relevant phenomena (i.e. stress).ResultsFeatures of the person-specific networks predicted paranoid, borderline, narcissistic, and obsessive-PD symptom counts above average levels of the domains, in ways that align with clinical conceptualizations. They also predicted between-person variation in stress across days.ConclusionsRelations among behavioral domains thought to underlie heterogeneity in PDs were indeed associated with traditional diagnostic constructs and with daily functioning (i.e. stress) in person-specific networks. Findings highlight the importance of leveraging data and models that capture person-specific, dynamic processes, and suggest that person-specific networks may have implications for precision medicine.
Surgical site infection following cesarean section in a general hospital in Kuwait: trends and risk factors
Authors: Alfouzan W. , Al Fadhli M. , Abdo N. , Alali W. , Dhar R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSI) are a significant cause of post-surgical morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of SSI and identify risk factors for infections following cesarean section (CS). A prospective study of SSI after CS was carried out from January 2014 to December 2016 using the methodology of the American National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. Suspected SSIs were confirmed clinically by the surgeon, and or, by culture. Seven thousand two hundred thirty five CS were performed with an overall SSI prevalence of 2.1%, increasing from 1.7% in 2014 to 2.95% in 2016 (P = 0.010). Of 152 cases of SSI, the prevalence of infection was 46.7% in women ⩽30 years and 53.3% in women >30 years (P = 0.119). Of 148 culture samples from as many women, 112 (75.7%) yielded growth of microorganisms with 42 (37.5%) of isolates being multi-drug resistant (MDR). Women who did not receive prophylactic antibiotics (35.5%) developed SSI more often than those who did (P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that emergency CS and inappropriate antibiotic prophylaxis are risk factors for developing SSI. In the light of the emergence of MDR bacteria there is a need to implement revised prophylactic antibiotic policy as part of antimicrobial stewardship to decrease SSI rates.