bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming carbon-intensive coal-fired power plants into negative emission technologies via biomass-fired calcium looping retrofit
Authors: Hanak Dawid P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Calcium looping is a promising CO2 capture technology due to reduced energy and economic penalties compared to mature solvent scrubbing technologies. It also can enable negative CO2 emissions when biomass is used to drive the sorbent regeneration process in the calciner. However, the trade-off between the energy, economic and environmental performance under different biomass co-firing fractions in the calciner and process operating scenarios has not yet been well understood. This study examined the potential for transforming a 580 MWel coal-fired power plant into a negative CO2 emitter via retrofit of calcium looping with biomass co-firing in the calciner. High-fidelity process models were developed in Aspen Plus and used to analyse the effect of biomass co-firing fraction, CO2 capture rate in the carbonator, and the fraction of flue gas fed to the carbonator on the techno-economic performance indicators. The results revealed that co-firing 30% biomass with coal in the calciner was sufficient for the retrofitted process to achieve negative CO2 emissions (−3.9 gCO2/kWelh). In this scenario, the levelized cost of electricity was 5% lower (81.1 €/MWelh) than that in the reference retrofit scenario without biomass co-firing (85.4 €/MWelh) at a carbon tax of 100 €/tCO2. Further improvement to the techno-economic performance was achieved by reducing the amount of CO2 captured in the carbonator by reducing either the CO2 capture rate (81.1 €/tCO2) or the amount of flue gas processed (80.4 €/tCO2). Although this was achieved at the expense of the increased specific CO2 emissions to 65.2 gCO2/kWelh and 109.0 gCO2/kWelh, respectively, the net specific emissions were still about 90% lower than those of the unabated host plant (792.3 gCO2/kWelh). This study demonstrated that depending on design priorities, biomass co-firing in the calciner can transform the existing coal-fired power plants into negative CO2 emission technologies or improve the process techno-economic viability.
Toward effective learning of cybersecurity: new curriculum agenda and learning methods
Authors: Blažič Andrej Jerman , Blažič Borka Jerman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A recent survey among high school teachers and students in the EU revealed that cybersecurity topics are not included in the programs addressing computer science topics of European schools and that the teachers’ knowledge is not being upgraded regularly for this field. Based on an exhaustive study in 2021–2023 involving high schools in the EU a definition of the educational content and the aligned methodology for high school levels was developed for two areas: cyber-safety and cybersecurity. Available sources, including video platforms, quizzes, presentations, educational games, and hands-on sources for practical exercises, were evaluated and included in the developed fiches with the educational content. The applicability of the developed educational model and the content prepared for upgrading the high school teachers and their student’s knowledge was applied in nine European schools during the 2022–2023 school year. This paper describes the study, briefly presents the educational content, the class preparation and the assessment of the achieved learning objectives obtained with the surveys, interviews, and the Capture the Flag contest. The paper ends with an evaluation of the developed methodology and the usefulness of the approach. Recommendations for future use and development are included in the last paper section.
Successful management of complete heart block in checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis by left bundle branch area pacing: a case report
Authors: Meyers Michael , Balf Dragos , Raza Mohammad Q , Liu Xiaoke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Optimal management of checkpoint inhibitor-induced complete heart block is unknown. Previous reports showed relatively high incidence of pacing failure due to the co-existing myocarditis.

Case summary
A 71-year-old male with a prior history of stage IV metastatic squamous cell lung cancer presents was admitted for dyspnoea and hypotension 10 days after checkpoint inhibitor treatment using pembrolizumab. He was found to have myocarditis, third-degree AV block, severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction with EF 35%, and required pressure support. A dual chamber pacemaker using left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) was urgently placed that immediately improved his haemodynamics. Both the cathode and anode were able to capture the ventricle at different pacing outputs. The patient was taken off all intravenous pressors and successfully transferred to a larger centre for further management of the myocarditis with no further arrhythmia or hypotension.

Discussion
In conclusion, because of the unique ability to capture a large amount of myocardium from both the tip and ring electrodes as well as the ability to deliver cardiac resynchronization therapy, LBBAP may be the preferred pacing strategy in patients who develop complete heart block due to checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis.
Concomitant myocardial infarction and systemic embolism associated with thrombosis of the right coronary ostium: a case report
Authors: Fuchs Flávio Danni , Amon André Barcellos , Borges Aníbal Pires , Fuchs Felipe Costa , Gonçalves Sandro Cadaval 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Sequential occurrences of acute ischaemic stroke in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and vice versa have been reported, but not the simultaneous occurrence of both conditions. We report a case of simultaneous occurrence of MI and systemic embolism caused by a mechanism not reported to date.

Case summary
A 52-year-old female patient presented with concurrent chest pain, right arm weakness, and dysphasia. An electrocardiogram demonstrated ST-elevation MI. A computed tomography angiography ruled out aortic dissection and showed an ischaemic stroke and infarction in the right kidney and spleen. A right coronary thrombotic occlusion at the ostium was successfully recanalized. Transoesophageal echocardiography showed preserved left ventricular function with no intracardiac thrombi.

Discussion
The reported case presentation does not align with the mechanisms typically associated with simultaneous MI and stroke. The most plausible hypothesis is that the thrombus in the right coronary ostium extended into the aorta, resulting in a concurrent systemic embolism.
Characterizing the spatial correlation of coseismic slip distributions: a data driven Bayesian approach
Authors: Marchant-Cáceres G , Benavente R , Becerra-Carreño V , Crempien J G F , Morales-Yañez C 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
The spatial correlation of coseismic slip is a necessary input for generating stochastic seismic rupture models, which are commonly used in seismic and tsunami hazard assessments. To date, the spatial correlation of individual earthquakes is characterized using finite fault models by finding the combination of parameters of a von Kármán autocorrelation function that best fits the observed autocorrelation function of the finite fault model. However, because a priori spatial correlation conditions (i.e. not in the data) are generally applied in finite fault model generation, the results obtained using this method may be biased. Additionally, robust uncertainty estimates for spatial correlations of coseismic slip are generally not performed. Considering these limitations in the classic method, here, a method is developed based on a Bayesian formulation of Finite Fault Inversion (FFI) with positivity constraints. This method allows for characterizing the spatial correlation of coseismic slip and its uncertainties for an earthquake by using samples of coseismic slip from a posterior probability density function (PDF). Furthermore, a Bayesian model selection criterion called Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC) is applied to objectively choose between different prior spatial correlation schemes before computing the posterior, to reduce subjectivity due to this prior condition. The ABIC is calculated using an approximate analytical expression of Bayesian evidence. The method is applied to simulated P waves, demonstrating that model selection allows for objectively estimating the most suitable prior spatial correlation scheme in FFI. Additionally, the target spatial correlation of coseismic slip is accurately recovered using samples from the posterior PDF, as well as their uncertainties. Moreover, in the simulated experiment, it is shown that a non-robust choice of the prior spatial correlation scheme can significantly bias the estimated spatial correlations of coseismic slip. We apply our method to observed P waves from the 2015, Illapel earthquake ($M_{\rm w} = 8.3$), finding that the spatial correlation of coseismic slip of this earthquake is better described by a von Kármán ACF, with mean correlation lengths of around 47 km and Hurst parameter of 0.58. We conclude that using our method reduces biases associated with prior spatial correlation conditions and allows for robust estimation of spatial correlations of coseismic slip and their uncertainties.
The Decentralisation of the DMA’s Enforcement System
Authors: Ribera Martínez Alba 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The harmonisation of the internal market is a fundamental aspect of the EU acquis, and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) is no exception. It aims to harmonise digital markets across the Union on the basis of the concepts of contestability and fairness. The DMA is enforced through a quasi-centralised enforcement system, with the European Commission as its sole enforcer and national competition authorities (NCAs) playing a secondary and supporting role in monitoring. The EC’s centralisation of enforcement powers is key to ensuring harmonisation.
This paper highlights the potential risks at the national level due to NCA involvement in the enforcement and monitoring of the DMA. While the Regulation does not need to be transposed into national law to be effective, some Member States have introduced legislation specifying which authorities are responsible for enforcement and how they should apply their powers in line with the DMA. The paper examines these legislative developments, revealing potential deviations that undermine the effective enforcement of the DMA and disrupting its current centralised enforcement system.
How economists influence antitrust: the contributions of Tim Bresnahan, Janusz Ordover, Steve Salop, and Bobby Willig
Authors: Baker Jonathan B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Economists influence antitrust policy through theoretical and empirical economic research, translation and synthesis of that research, direct participation in policy development, and participation in the adversarial process. To illustrate these channels, this article profiles the antitrust-related work of four industrial organization economists who have played important roles in the development of antitrust economics and policy: Tim Bresnahan, Janusz Ordover, Steve Salop, and Bobby Willig. The article also evaluates three overarching theories about the role of economics in antitrust: a public interest theory, capture by big business, and influence tied to the ascendancy of neoliberalism.
Production of a cellulose-aminating polysaccharide from a filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix nivea, grown lithotrophically or mixotrophically
Authors: Saito Tomoaki , Qiao Yunkun , Araki Yui , Matsunaga Naoki , Osugi Wataru , Kondo Keiko , Katahira Masato , Takeda Minoru 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Glucosaminoglucan (β-1,4-linked glucose and glucosamine) produced by a mixotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix nivea, is a useful cellulose-aminating agent. Lithotrophic and mixotrophic glucosaminoglucan production were examined using fed-batch techniques.

Methods and results
A jar fermenter was used for the fed-batch cultivation. Glucosaminoglucan was extracted from T. nivea using diluted HCl. Lithotrophic growth was detected by feeding with Na2S as the energy source, and 12 mg l−1 of glucosaminoglucan was obtained. In contrast, no growth was observed with Na2S2O3. Similarly, mixotrophic growth in the presence of acetic acid was promoted by Na2S, whereas Na2S2O3 had no effect. When acetic acid and Na2S were added, 470 mg l−1 of glucosaminoglucan was obtained.

Conclusions
Thiothrix nivea was cultured, and glucosaminoglucan was produced lithotrophically using Na2S for feeding. Na2S is also indispensable for mixotrophic growth and glucosaminoglucan production, indicating that sulfide oxidation pathways control the TCA cycle. The involvement of the SOX pathway (for thiosulfate oxidation) in the activation of energy metabolism is doubtful because neither lithotrophic nor mixotrophic growth was promoted by Na2S2O3. Based on these results, we assumed that T. nivea is facultatively mixotrophic [lithotrophic growth is possible in addition to organotrophic growth in the presence of sulfide (Na2S)], rather than obligately mixotrophic.
Matter power spectra in modified gravity: a comparative study of approximations and N-body simulations
Authors: Bose B , Gupta A Sen , Fiorini B , Brando G , Hassani F , Baker T , Lombriser L , Li B , Ruan C , Hernández-Aguayo C , Atayde L , Frusciante N 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Testing gravity and the concordance model of cosmology, $\Lambda$CDM, at large scales is a key goal of this decade’s largest galaxy surveys. Here we present a comparative study of dark matter power spectrum predictions from different numerical codes in the context of three popular theories of gravity that induce scale-independent modifications to the linear growth of structure: nDGP, Cubic Galileon, and K-mouflage. In particular, we compare the predictions from N-body simulations solving the full scalar field equation, two N-body codes with approximate time integration schemes, a parametrized modified N-body implementation, and the analytic halo model reaction approach. We find the modification to the $\Lambda$CDM spectrum is in 2 per cent agreement at $z\le 1$ and $k\le 1~h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ over all gravitational models and codes, in accordance with many previous studies, indicating these modelling approaches are robust enough to be used in forthcoming survey analyses under appropriate scale cuts. We further make public the new code implementations presented, specifically the halo model reaction K-mouflage implementation and the relativistic Cubic Galileon implementation.
Clinical Significance of Hyponatremia in Tuberculous Meningitis: A Prospective Cohort in Indonesia
Authors: Dian Sofiati , Ardiansyah Edwin , Chaidir Lidya , van Laarhoven Arjan , Ruslami Rovina , Alisjahbana Bachti , Rizal Ganiem Ahmad , van Crevel Reinout 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hyponatremia is common in tuberculous meningitis (TBM), but its impact on disease severity and outcomes is unclear.

Methods
In a cohort of 864 adult patients with TBM in Indonesia, we assessed the prevalence and prognostic significance of hyponatremia, classified as moderate (120–130 mEq/L) or severe (&lt;120 mEq/L). Patients received standard antituberculous therapy and corticosteroids and were followed for 1-year mortality.

Results
Hyponatremia occured in 86.8% of patients, with 26% classified as severe. Severe hyponatremia associated with male, younger age, a lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and markers of more severe disease (P &lt; .05). One-year mortality was 46.5% and associated with older age, HIV infection, lower GCS, markers of neurologic severity, fever, and thrombocytosis. Severe hyponatremia predicted mortality in univariate analysis showed no impact in HIV-positive patients.

Conclusions
Hyponatremia reflects disease severity in TBM but does not independently predict mortality, suggesting limited benefit from agressive correction.
The protective role of basal metabolic rate in cognitive decline: evidence from epidemiological and genetic studies
Authors: Meng Tianwei , Liu Changxing , Wang Boyu , Li Chengjia , Liu Jiawen , Chen Jia , Ma Yidi , Qie Rui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to explore the relationship between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and cognitive impairment and assess the potential of BMR as a protective factor against cognitive decline.

Methods
This investigation initially conducted a cross-sectional study of American adults from 2011 to 2014 using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. It examined the correlation between participants’ BMR and cognitive functions, exploring the association with cognitive impairment. Subsequently, publicly available genome-wide association study data was used to examine potential causal links between genetically determined BMR and specific cognitive disorders using Mendelian randomization.

Results
Cross-sectional findings revealed a significant positive correlation between higher BMR and cognitive scores. In Mendelian randomization analysis, BMR demonstrated an inverse causal relationship with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s dementia, suggesting BMR as a potential protective factor against these diseases. No causal links were found with vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.

Conclusion
This study supports the role of BMR as a potential protective factor against Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s dementia, suggesting that BMR may play an important role in preventing cognitive decline. However, due to the limitations of cross-sectional studies, further prospective studies and broader demographic samples are necessary to verify these results and explore underlying biological mechanisms.
Key messages What is already known on this topic: Existing knowledge suggests a close relationship between BMR and health and cognitive functions, but detailed studies on its connection with specific cognitive impairments are still needed. What this study adds: This study found a significant positive correlation between higher BMR and cognitive improvement, potentially aiding in the prevention of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s dementia. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy: This finding guides public health strategies and personalized medicine, emphasizing the necessity for further research to validate BMR’s protective effects.
Private Sanitation and Psychosocial Health in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Miller Ray , Mudenda Lackson D , Sedai Ashish K , Vilims Lauren 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The relationship between access to private sanitation facilities at home and psychosocial development is documented among adolescents aged 12 to 22 in India and Ethiopia. Obtaining access to private sanitation (flush toilets or pit latrines in the household) is associated with significantly higher self-efficacy and self-esteem for adolescent girls but not boys. Associations are stronger for girls who lived in communities with higher overall access to private sanitation, consistent with the hypothesis that relative access may matter more for psychosocial development than absolute access. There was also a significant correlation with improved peer relations for girls in early (age 12 to 15) but not late (age 19 to 22) adolescence. However, there is no evidence that results are operating through improved physical health or parent relationships.
Predictors of Participation in Prenatal Substance Use Assessment, Counseling, and Treatment Among Pregnant Individuals in Prenatal Settings Who Use Cannabis
Authors: Lapham Gwen T. , Chi Felicia W. , Young-Wolff Kelly C. , Ansley Deborah , Castellanos Carley , Does Monique B. , Asyyed Asma H. , Ettenger Allison , Campbell Cynthia I. 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Assessment and counseling are recommended for individuals with prenatal cannabis use. We examined characteristics that predict prenatal substance use assessment and counseling among individuals who screened positive for prenatal cannabis use in prenatal settings.

Methods
Electronic health record data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California’s Early Start perinatal substance use screening, assessment, and counseling program was used to identify individuals with ≥1 pregnancies positive for prenatal cannabis use. Outcomes included completion of a substance use assessment and among those assessed, attendance in Early Start counseling only or Addiction Medicine Recovery Services (AMRS) treatment. Predictors included demographics and past-year psychiatric and substance use disorder diagnoses evaluated with GEE multinomial logistic regression.

Results
The sample included 17,782 individuals with 20,398 pregnancies positive for cannabis use (1/2011–12/2021). Most pregnancies (80.3%) had an assessment. Individuals with Medicaid, anxiety, depression and tobacco use disorders, compared to those without, had higher odds and those with greater parity, older age (≥35) and in later trimesters, had lower odds of assessment. Among 64% (n = 10,469) pregnancies needing intervention based on assessment, most (88%) attended Early Start counseling only or AMRS (with or without Early Start). Greater parity and later trimester assessment was associated with lower odds, while Medicaid was associated with higher odds of Early Start counseling. Nearly all diagnosed psychiatric and substance use disorders were associated with higher odds of AMRS treatment.

Conclusions
A comprehensive prenatal substance use program engaged most pregnant individuals with prenatal cannabis use in substance use assessment and counseling. Opportunities to improve care gaps remain.
Evaluating the Accuracy and Clinical Utility of AFIAS-10 Point of Care Versus Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Infliximab and Adalimumab
Authors: Iniesta-Navalón Carles , Ríos-Saorín Manuel , Añez-Castaño Rebeca , Rentero-Redondo Lorena , Ortíz-Fernandez Patricia , Marín-Armero Martínez Elena , Urbieta-Sanz Elena 
Published: November 2024

Background:
New point-of-care (POC) techniques offer rapid results and address some of the limitations of traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, such as lengthy processing times and delays in therapeutic decision making. It is crucial to evaluate the comparability of POC assays with established ELISA methods to ensure accuracy and reliability in therapeutic drug monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the analytical performance and clinical utility of the AFIAS-10 POC assay compared with the Promonitor ELISA for quantifying serum concentrations of infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) and detecting antidrug antibodies (ATIs and ATAs).

Methods:
A prospective study was conducted from October 2023 to April 2024, including 225 samples from patients with immune-mediated diseases. The samples were analyzed using both AFIAS-10 POC and Promonitor ELISA assays. To assess the agreement between the 2 methods in terms of quantification, Bland–Altman analysis was performed by examining the mean difference and establishing limits of agreement.

Results:
The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated strong correlations for IFX (r = 0.932) and ADA (r = 0.967) between the 2 assays. The mean difference between POC and ELISA for IFX was −0.78 mcg/mL and for ADA was 1.54 mcg/mL, respectively. The POC assay tended to underestimate IFX concentrations and overestimate ADA concentrations compared with ELISA.

Conclusions:
The AFIAS-10 POC assay demonstrated good correlation and concordance with the ELISA method for the quantification of IFX and ADA, as well as for detecting anti-IFX and anti-ADA antibodies. However, this correlation was notably lower at higher drug concentrations.