bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illness experience and illness representation among older adults with hypertension
Authors: Duwe Elise AG , Holloway Breanna M , Chin Jessie , Morrow Daniel G 
Published: February 2018

Objective: This study investigated how older adults’ representations of hypertension relate to their illness experience (years of illness), health literacy and self-rated health. Design: Correlational study. Setting: Community-based older adults diagnosed with hypertension. Method: We measured health literacy (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults [S-TOFHLA]), hypertension knowledge (Hypertension Knowledge Questionnaire), self-rated health and illness representation (IR by Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire [BIPQ]). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis divided IR into cognitive (chronicity, understanding and control) and emotional (more concern, higher impact of illness on affect) dimensions. Ordinary least-squares regression analyses demonstrated that more years of education, more hypertension knowledge, longer duration of hypertension and natural cause beliefs predicted cognitive IR, while fewer years of education, less hypertension knowledge and behavioural cause beliefs (e.g. diet and exercise) predicted emotional IR. More years of education, emotional IR and belief in natural versus psychosocial causes of hypertension were associated with better self-rated health. Conclusion: More years of illness provides older adults with the opportunity to develop an understanding of their condition. More years of education is associated with a lower emotional impact of illness, perhaps through the development of coping strategies. Emotional IR is more important than cognitive IR in predicting self-rated health. Intervening to promote better health outcomes and self-care should take place not only through health education but also through social support and health care access.
Increased adhesion molecule levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationships with severity of illness, autoimmunity, metabolic syndrome and cortisol levels
Authors: da Rosa Franchi Santos L F , Stadtlober N P , Costa Dall'Aqua L G , Scavuzzi B M , Guimarães P M , Flauzino T , Batisti Lozovoy M A , Mayumi Iriyoda T V , Vissoci Reiche E M , Dichi I , Maes M , Colado Simão A 
Published: February 2018

Background This study was performed to assess adhesion molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods This case-control study examined 126 SLE patients and 48 healthy individuals. Blood levels of six adhesion molecules, cortisol, nuclear autoantibody (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) titers were measured, while disease activity was assessed using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. Results Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, P-selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) were significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that PECAM-1 and PAI-1 predicted SLE with a sensitivity of 86.5% and a specificity of 81.3%. ANA titers were significantly and positively associated with PECAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and PAI-1, whereas there were no associations between anti-dsDNA titers and adhesion molecules. Cortisol was negatively associated with PCAM-1 and ICAM-1. There were significant associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and E-selectin and PAI-1. 14.8% of the variance in the SLEDAI score was explained by the regression on PECAM-1 and MetS. Conclusions Our data show that adhesion molecules, especially PECAM-1, are significantly associated with SLE and disease activity, suggesting that they play a role in SLE pathophysiology. While MetS, ANA titers and cortisol levels modulate adhesion molecule levels, these associations do not explain the increased levels of adhesion molecules in SLE. Increased levels of adhesion molecules are new drug targets in SLE.
Civil forensic psychiatry – Part 1: an overview
Authors: Samuels Anthony H 
Published: February 2018

Objectives This paper provides an overview for general and forensic psychiatrists of the complexity and challenge of working in the civil medico-legal arena. It covers expert evidence, ethics, core concepts in civil forensic psychiatry and report writing. Conclusions Civil forensic psychiatry is an important sub-speciality component of forensic psychiatry that requires specific skills, knowledge and the ability to assist legal bodies in determining the significance of psychiatric issues.
Geometric Deformations of the Thoracic Aorta and Supra-Aortic Arch Branch Vessels Following Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Ullery Brant W. , Suh Ga-Young , Hirotsu Kelsey , Zhu David , Lee Jason T. , Dake Michael D. , Fleischmann Dominik , Cheng Christopher P. 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To utilize 3-D modeling techniques to better characterize geometric deformations of the supra-aortic arch branch vessels and descending thoracic aorta after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Methods: Eighteen patients underwent endovascular repair of either type B aortic dissection (n = 10) or thoracic aortic aneurysm (n = 8). Computed tomography angiography was obtained pre- and postprocedure, and 3-D geometric models of the aorta and supra-aortic branch vessels were constructed. Branch angle of the supra-aortic branch vessels and curvature metrics of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and stented thoracic aortic lumen were calculated both at pre- and postintervention. Results: The left common carotid artery branch angle was lower than the left subclavian artery angles preintervention ( P < .005) and lower than both the left subclavian and brachiocephalic branch angles postintervention ( P < .05). From pre- to postoperative, no significant change in branch angle was found in any of the great vessels. Maximum curvature change of the stented lumen from pre- to postprocedure was greater than those of the ascending aorta and aortic arch ( P < .05). Conclusion: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair results in relative straightening of the stented aortic region and also accentuates the native curvature of the ascending aorta when the endograft has a more proximal landing zone. Supra-aortic branch vessel angulation remains relatively static when proximal landing zones are distal to the left common carotid artery.
Cochlear implants and 1.5 T MRI scans: The effect of diametrically bipolar magnets and screw fixation on pain
Authors: Todt Ingo , Rademacher Grit , Grupe Gloria , Stratmann Andreas , Ernst Arne , Mutze Sven , Mittmann Philipp 
Published: February 2018

Background The probability that a patient will need an MRI scan at least once in a lifetime is high. However, MRI scanning in cochlear implantees is associated with side effects. Moreover, MRI scan-related artifacts, dislodging magnets, and pain are often the most frequent complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pain in patients with cochlear implant systems using 1.5T MRI scans. Methods In a prospective case study of 10 implantees, an MRI scan was performed and the degree of pain was evaluated by a visual analog scale. Scans were performed firstly with and depending on the degree of discomfort/pain, without a headband. Four of the cochlear implants contained a screw fixation. Six cochlear implants contained an internal diametrically bipolar magnet. MRI observations were performed with a 1.5 T scanner. Results MRI scans were performed on all patients without causing any degree of pain, even without the use of a headband. Conclusion Patients undergoing 1.5 T MRIs with devices including a diametrically bipolar magnet or a rigid implant screw fixation, experienced no pain, even without headbands.
Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on rating-scale-assessed suicidality in adults with depression
Authors: Näslund Jakob , Hieronymus Fredrik , Lisinski Alexander , Nilsson Staffan , Eriksson Elias 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been claimed to elicit or aggravate suicidal ideation.AimsTo explore the effect of SSRIs on the suicidality item of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD).MethodWe undertook a patient-level mega-analysis of adults with depression participating in industry-sponsored studies of sertraline, paroxetine or citalopram, comparing patients on an SSRI (n= 5681) with those on placebo (n= 2581) with respect to HRSD-rated suicidality. Separate analyses were conducted for young adults (age 18–24;n= 537) and adults(age ≥25;n= 7725).ResultsAmong adults, the reduction in mean rating of suicidality was larger and the risk for aggravation of suicidality lower in patients receiving an SSRI from week 1 and onwards. In young adults, SSRI treatment neither reduced nor increased suicidality ratings relative to placebo at the end-point.ConclusionsThe net effect of SSRIs on suicidality appears beneficial in people above the age of 24 and neutral in those aged 18–24.Declaration of interestF.H. has received speaker's fees from Servier. E.E. has previously been on the advisory boards and/or received speaker's honoraria and/or research grants from Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Servier and Lundbeck.
Restraint in mental health settings: is it time to declare a position?
Authors: Sethi Faisil , Parkes John , Baskind Eric , Paterson Brodie , O'Brien Aileen 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe emergence of a drive to reduce restrictive interventions has been accompanied particularly in the UK by a debate focussing on restraint positions. Any restraint intervention delivered poorly can potentially lead to serious negative outcomes. More research is required to reliably state the risk attached to a particular position in a particular clinical circumstance.Declaration of interestF.S. is a consultant psychiatrist in Psychiatric Intensive Care at the Maudsley Hospital, London. He is on the Executive Committee of the National Association of Psychiatric Intensive Care and Low Secure Units, and was a member of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Guideline Development Group for the Short-Term Management of Aggression and Violence (2015). J.P. is a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University. E.B. is a consultant and expert witness in violence reduction and the use of physical interventions, independent expert to the High Secure Hospitals Violence Reduction Manual Steering Group and a member of the College of Policing Guideline Committee Steering Group and Mental Health Restraint Expert Reference Group. B.P. is the clinical director for Crisis and Aggression Limitation and Management (CALM) Training and formerly a senior lecturer for the Faculty of Health, University of Stirling. He is a nurse and psychotherapist and presently chairs the European Network for Training in the Management of Aggression. A.O'B. is a consultant psychiatrist, the Director of Educational Programmes for the National Association of Psychiatric Intensive Care and Low Secure Units, and the Dean for Students at St George's University of London.
Serum Lipids in Association With Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Prevalence in a Chinese Population
Authors: Lu Yonghai , Wang Yeli , Zou Li , Liang Xu , Ong Choon Nam , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Yuan Jian-Min , Koh Woon-Puay , Pan An 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Context
We previously reported an association between lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) (16:1) and risk for type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population using an untargeted analysis.

Objective
To examine the overall associations of LPIs and their related metabolites, such as nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and acylcarnitines, with incident and prevalent type 2 diabetes using a targeted approach.

Design and Setting
A case-control study was nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Cases and controls were individually matched by age, sex, and date of blood collection. We used both liquid and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure serum metabolite levels at baseline, including 8 LPIs, 19 NEFAs, and 34 acylcarnitines. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between metabolites and diabetes risk.

Participants
Participants included 160 incident and 144 prevalent cases with type 2 diabetes and 304 controls.

Main Outcome Measure
Incident and prevalent type 2 diabetes.

Results
On the basis of a false discovery rate &lt;0.1, we identified 37 metabolites associated with prevalent type 2 diabetes, including 7 LPIs, 18 NEFAs, and 12 acylcarnitines, and 11 metabolites associated with incident type 2 diabetes, including 2 LPIs and 9 NEFAs. Two metabolites, LPI (16:1) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, showed independent associations with incident type 2 diabetes and significantly enhanced the risk prediction.

Conclusions
We found several LPIs and NEFAs that were associated with risk for type 2 diabetes and may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis. The findings suggest that lipid profiles could aid in diabetes risk assessment in Chinese populations.
Expanding primary cells from mucoepidermoid and other salivary gland neoplasms for genetic and chemosensitivity testing
Authors: Alamri Ahmad M. , Liu Xuefeng , Blancato Jan K. , Haddad Bassem R. , Wang Weisheng , Zhong Xiaogang , Choudhary Sujata , Krawczyk Ewa , Kallakury Bhaskar V. , Davidson Bruce J. , Furth Priscilla A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Restricted availability of cell and animal models is a rate-limiting step for investigation of salivary gland neoplasm pathophysiology and therapeutic response. Conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) technology enables establishment of primary epithelial cell cultures from patient material. This study tested a translational workflow for acquisition, expansion and testing of CRC-derived primary cultures of salivary gland neoplasms from patients presenting to an academic surgical practice. Results showed that cultured cells were sufficient for epithelial cell-specific transcriptome characterization to detect candidate therapeutic pathways and fusion genes, and for screening for cancer risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and driver gene mutations through exome sequencing. Focused study of primary cultures of a low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma demonstrated amphiregulin-mechanistic target of rapamycin-protein kinase B (AKT; AKT1) pathway activation, identified through bioinformatics and subsequently confirmed as present in primary tissue and preserved through different secondary 2D and 3D culture media and xenografts. Candidate therapeutic testing showed that the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK2206 reproducibly inhibited cell survival across different culture formats. By contrast, the cells appeared resistant to the adenosine triphosphate competitive AKT inhibitor GSK690693. Procedures employed here illustrate an approach for reproducibly obtaining material for pathophysiological studies of salivary gland neoplasms, and other less common epithelial cancer types, that can be executed without compromising pathological examination of patient specimens. The approach permits combined genetic and cell-based physiological and therapeutic investigations in addition to more traditional pathologic studies, and can be used to build sustainable bio-banks for future inquiries.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Motor neuron degeneration correlates with respiratory dysfunction in SCA1
Authors: Orengo James P. , van der Heijden Meike E. , Hao Shuang , Tang Jianrong , Orr Harry T. , Zoghbi Huda Y. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is characterized by adult-onset cerebellar degeneration with attendant loss of motor coordination. Bulbar function is eventually impaired and patients typically die from an inability to clear the airway. We investigated whether motor neuron degeneration is at the root of bulbar dysfunction by studying SCA1 knock-in (Atxn1154Q/+) mice. Spinal cord and brainstem motor neurons were assessed in Atxn1154Q/+ mice at 1, 3 and 6 months of age. Specifically, we assessed breathing physiology, diaphragm histology and electromyography, and motor neuron histology and immunohistochemistry. Atxn1154Q/+ mice show progressive neuromuscular respiratory abnormalities, neurogenic changes in the diaphragm, and motor neuron degeneration in the spinal cord and brainstem. Motor neuron degeneration is accompanied by reactive astrocytosis and accumulation of Atxn1 aggregates in the motor neuron nuclei. This observation correlates with previous findings in SCA1 patient tissue. Atxn1154Q/+ mice develop bulbar dysfunction because of motor neuron degeneration. These findings confirm the Atxn1154Q/+ line as a SCA1 model with face and construct validity for this understudied disease feature. Furthermore, this model is suitable for studying the pathogenic mechanism driving motor neuron degeneration in SCA1 and possibly other degenerative motor neuron diseases. From a clinical standpoint, the data indicate that pulmonary function testing and employment of non-invasive ventilator support could be beneficial in SCA1 patients. The physiological tests used in this study might serve as valuable biomarkers for future therapeutic interventions and clinical trials.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Bonding the World with Chemistry
Authors: Somsook Ekasith 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) is an annual competition for the world’s most talented chemistry students at the secondary school level. The goals for IChO are to promote international contacts in chemistry, friendships between young scientists of different nationalities, and the exchange of pedagogical and scientific experience in chemistry. The first Olympiad took place in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1968, with delegations from three countries. The number of participating countries has grown ever since. Thailand first participated in the 22nd International Chemistry Olympiad, held in Paris, France, in 1990. Then, in 1999, Thailand received the great honor to host the 31st International Chemistry Olympiad. Held in Bangkok, the 31st IChO welcomed 196 students from 51 countries. In 2017, as part of the celebrations for Professor Dr. Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn Mahidol’s 60th birthday, Thailand hosted the 49th International Chemistry Olympiad welcoming this time nearly 300 students from from 76 countries. The auspicious event was held 6-15 July 2017 at Mahidol University’s Salaya Campus in Nakhon Pathom.
Subretinal Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cell Transplantation Preserves Retinal Synaptic Connectivity and Attenuates Müller Glial Reactivity
Authors: Koh Sehwon , Chen William J. , Dejneka Nadine S. , Harris Ian R. , Lu Bin , Girman Sergey , Saylor Joshua , Wang Shaomei , Eroglu Cagla 
Published: February 2018

Human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTC or palucorcel) are currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of geographic atrophy, a late stage of macular degeneration, but how hUTC transplantation mediates vision recovery is not fully elucidated. Subretinal administration of hUTC preserves visual function in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat, a genetic model of retinal degeneration caused byMertkloss of function. hUTC secrete synaptogenic and neurotrophic factors that improve the health and connectivity of the neural retina. Therefore, we investigated the progression of synapse and photoreceptor loss and whether hUTC treatment preserves photoreceptors and synaptic connectivity in the RCS rats of both sexes. We found that RCS retinas display significant deficits in synaptic development already by postnatal day 21 (P21), before the onset of photoreceptor degeneration. Subretinal transplantation of hUTC at P21 is necessary to rescue visual function in RCS rats, and the therapeutic effect is enhanced with repeated injections. Synaptic development defects occurred concurrently with morphological changes in Müller glia, the major perisynaptic glia in the retina. hUTC transplantation strongly diminished Müller glia reactivity and specifically protected the α2δ-1-containing retinal synapses, which are responsive to thrombospondin family synaptogenic proteins secreted by Müller glia. Müller glial reactivity and reduced synaptogenesis observed in RCS retinas could be recapitulated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss-of-Mertkin Müller glia in wild-type rats. Together, our results show that hUTC transplantation supports the health of retina at least in part by preserving the functions of Müller glial cells, revealing a previously unknown aspect of hUTC transplantation-based therapy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the promising effects observed in clinical trials and preclinical studies, how subretinal human umbilical tissue-derived cell (hUTC) transplantation mediates vision improvements is not fully known. Using a rat model of retinal degeneration, the RCS rat (lackingMertk), here we provide evidence that hUTC transplantation protects visual function and health by protecting photoreceptors and preserving retinal synaptic connectivity. Furthermore, we find that loss ofMertkfunction only in Müller glia is sufficient to impair synaptic development and cause activation of Müller glia. hUTC transplantation strongly attenuates the reactivity of Müller glia in RCS rats. These findings highlight novel cellular and molecular mechanisms within the neural retina, which underlie disease mechanisms and pinpoint Müller glia as a novel cellular target for hUTC transplantation.
РАЗРАБОТКА СОВРЕМЕННОГО ЧЕЛОВЕКОМАШИННОГО ИНТЕРФЕЙСА В АСУТП НА ОСНОВЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ СТАНДАРТОВ
Authors: Арабаджи А. Ф. , Стопакевич А. А. , Стопакевич А. А. 
Published: February 2018

The relevance of the development of industrial human-machine interfaces is shown, since 35-58% of errors of process operators are associated with their incorrect organization. The development of a HMI for the associated petroleum gas processing technology was carried out using the recommendations of the ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015 standard and pilot studies data. The criteria for the effectiveness of HMI are selected - the ability of the interface to minimize the impact of such design problems as the degree of automation, support for cognitive activity, support for large amounts of data, support for secondary activity and navigation, and virtualization of reality when the HMI screens are used more conveniently for solving the tasks. A problem-oriented analysis of the technological process was carried out and tasks that should be solved with the help of the operator's interface were singled out. To fulfill these tasks, HMI screens have been developed that meet the basic criteria of situational awareness.
PtM (М = Ni,Co,Cu)/C КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ: СИНТЕЗ, СТРУКТУРА, АКТИВНОСТЬ В РЕАКЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ КИСЛОРОДА И ЭЛЕКТРООКИСЛЕНИЯ МЕТАНОЛА
Authors: Беленов Сергей Валерьевич , Меньщиков Владислав Сергеевич , Алексеенко Анастасия Анатольевна , Волочаев Вадим Александрович 
Published: February 2018

Представлено сравнительное исследование структуры и активности полученных методом синтеза в жидкой фазе PtM (M=Ni,Co,Cu)/С катализаторов с атомным соотношением Pt-M 1:1 и коммерческого Pt/C материала Е-TEK 20. Средний размер кристаллитов по данным порошковой дифрактометрии для изученных материалов составил от 1.7 до 2.5 нанометров при содержании платины 20 – 27% масс. По результатам оценки активности материалов в реакции электровосстановления кислорода установлено, что PtCu/C катализатор, несмотря на меньшую величину площади поверхности - 40 м2/г(Pt) по сравнению с Pt/C катализатором - 100 м2/г(Pt), демонстрирует сопоставимую с коммерческим материалом активность в расчете на массу платины. PtM/C материалы характеризуются высокой удельной активностью в реакции окисления метанола (в расчете на реальную площадь поверхности), а также высокой толерантностью к продуктам его окисления, однако для повышения активности необходимо получать PtM/C катализаторы с максимально большей площадью поверхности.
Авторы благодарят РФФИ (проект 16-38-60112 мол_а_дк) за финансовую поддержку исследований.