bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in women with abnormal placentation: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and case series
Authors: Ordoñez Carlos A. , Manzano-Nunez Ramiro , Parra Michael W. , Rasmussen Todd E. , Nieto Albaro J. , Herrera-Escobar Juan P. , Fernandez Paula , Naranjo Maria P. , García Alberto F. , Carvajal Javier A. , Burgos Juan M. , Rodriguez Fernando , Escobar-Vidarte Maria F. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND
We describe intraoperative and postdischarge outcomes of a case series after the prophylactic use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) during elective cesarean delivery in pregnant women with morbidly adherent placenta (MAP). We furthermore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the safety and effectiveness of the use of REBOA during elective cesarean delivery in pregnant women with MAP.

METHODS
Descriptive case series of REBOA (December 2015 to June 2017) used during elective cesarean delivery in pregnant women with MAP. The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We included studies involving pregnant women with a diagnosis of MAP who underwent an elective cesarean delivery with prophylactic REBOA placement. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the overall amount of transfusions and intraoperative hemorrhage of REBOA compared to NO-REBOA cases.

RESULTS
A total of 12 patients with MAP underwent elective cesarean delivery with REBOA deployment. The median (interquartile range) of packed red blood cells transfused during the first 24 hours following surgery was two units (0–3.5). The median (interquartile range) of intraoperative blood loss was 1,500 mL (900–2,750). At 28 days, all patients were alive, and no adverse outcomes were observed. Four articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. These articles included a total of 441 patients. Quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) found that the use of REBOA as prophylaxis for the prevention of major hemorrhage was associated with a lower amount of intraoperative hemorrhage (in milliliters) (weighted mean difference, −1,384.66; 95% confidence interval, −2,141.74 to −627.58) and lower requirements of blood products transfusions (in units) (weighted mean difference, −2.42; 95% confidence interval, −3.90 to −0.94).

CONCLUSION
We provide clinical data supporting the use of REBOA in the management of pregnant women with MAP undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of REBOA as a prophylactic intervention to improve outcomes in women at risk of catastrophic postpartum hemorrhage.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, level V; Systematic Review, level IV.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Isoform selectivity improves survival in a hemorrhagic shock model
Authors: Chang Panpan , Weykamp Michael , Dennahy Isabel S. , Williams Aaron M. , Bhatti Umar F. , Liu Baoling , Nikolian Vahagn C. , Li Yongqing , Alam Hasan B. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND
Hemorrhage is a leading preventable cause of death. Nonselective histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), such as valproic acid (VPA), have been shown to improve outcomes in hemorrhagic shock (HS). The HDACs can be divided into four functional classes (I, IIa/IIb, III, and IV). Classes I, IIa/IIb, and III have previously been implicated in the pathophysiology of HS. This study aimed to determine which HDAC class, or classes, are responsible for the survival benefit observed with nonselective HDACIs.

METHODS
Survival study: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to lethal HS (50% hemorrhage) and randomized to the following groups (n = 8): (1) no treatment, (2) normal saline vehicle, (3) cyclodextrin vehicle, (4) MS275 (class I HDACI), (5) VPA (class I/IIa HDACI), (6) MC1568 (class IIa HDACI), (7) ACY1083 (class IIb HDACI), and (8) EX527 (class III HDACI). Survival was monitored for 24 hours. Mechanistic study: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sublethal HS (40% hemorrhage) and randomized to the same groups (n = 3), excluding EX527, based on results of the survival study. Tissues were harvested at 3 hours posttreatment, and expression of phosphorylated-AKT, β-catenin, acetylated histones H3 and H4, and acetylated α-tubulin were analyzed in myocardial tissue.

RESULTS
Survival rate was 12.5% in the untreated group, and did not improve with vehicle or MS275 treatment. EX527 improved survival to 50%, although this did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.082). However, treatment with VPA, MC1568, and ACY1083 improved survival rates to 87.5%, 75%, and 75%, respectively (p < 0.05). The VPA-induced acetylation of both histones H3 and H4, while MC1568 and ACY1083 increased acetylation of histone H4. ACY1083 also induced acetylation of α-tubulin. All treatment groups, except MS275, increased phosphorylated-AKT, and β-catenin.

CONCLUSION
Inhibition of HDAC classes IIa or IIb, but not class I, activates prosurvival pathways, which may be responsible for the improved outcomes in rodent models of HS.
Hospital variation in mortality after emergent bowel resections: The role of failure-to-rescue
Authors: Mehta Ambar , Efron David T. , Stevens Kent , Manukyan Mariuxi C. , Joseph Bellal , Sakran Joseph V. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND
Hospital variation in failure-to-rescue (FTR) rates has partially explained nationwide differences in mortality after elective surgeries. To examine the role of FTR among emergency general surgery, we compared nationwide risk-adjusted mortality, complications, and FTR rates after emergent bowel resections.

METHODS
We identified patients who underwent emergent small or large bowel resections in the 2010 to 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample using the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma criteria. We then calculated risk-adjusted mortality rates for each hospital using multivariable logistic regressions and postestimation, which adjusted for patient age, sex, race and ethnicity, payer status, comorbidities, and hospital clustering. After excluding hospitals with fewer than 10 resections per year, we ranked the remaining hospitals by their risk-adjusted mortality rates and divided them into five quintiles. We compared both risk-adjusted complication rates and FTR rates between the top (lowest mortality) and bottom (highest mortality) quintiles.

RESULTS
We identified 21,564 emergent bowel resections, weighted to 105,925 procedures nationwide. The bottom quintile of hospitals had an overall risk-adjusted mortality rate that was 10.9 times higher than that of the top quintile of hospitals (15.3% vs. 1.4%). While risk-adjusted complication rates were similarly high for both the bottom and the top quintiles of hospitals (22.5% vs. 15.7%), the risk-adjusted FTR rates were 10.8 times higher in the bottom quintile of hospitals relative to the top quintile of hospitals (33.4% vs. 3.1%). Using larger hospital volume thresholds yielded similar findings. Furthermore, large variations existed in complication-specific FTR rates (surgical site infection [6.6%] to myocardial infarction [29.4%]).

CONCLUSION
Nationwide hospital variation in risk-adjusted mortality rates exist after emergent bowel resections. As complication rates were similar across hospitals, the significantly higher FTR rates at higher-mortality hospitals may drive this variation in mortality. System-level initiatives addressing the management of postoperative complications may improve patient care and reduce variation in outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiological study, level IV.
Transplantation of a Liver Allograft From a Hepatitis C Virus Seropositive Donor With Previous Sustained Virologic Response to an Uninfected Recipient Suffering Steroid Refractory Acute Graft Rejection With No Evidence of HCV Transmission
Authors: Mitchell Robert A. , Hussaini Trana , Yau Alan H. , Krajden Mel , Wright Alissa J. , Scudamore Charles H. , Marquez Azalgara Vladimir , Erb Siegfried R. , Yoshida Eric M. 
Published: February 2018

Background
The goal of treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is sustained virologic response (SVR). There is concern that despite achieving SVR, replication-competent HCV may be sequestered at low levels within the liver and could theoretically reactivate with immunosuppression. We report transplantation of a HCV-seropositive liver donor, who achieved SVR, into a seronegative patient without HCV reactivation despite profound immunosuppression.

Method
Retrospective chart review.

Results
We present a 21-year-old male who was HCV seronegative and received a liver transplant from a donor who had been treated for HCV and achieved SVR. The liver recipient, despite developing severe acute graft rejection and undergoing intense immunosuppression with T cell–depleting antibodies, did not become HCV RNA-positive with a follow up period of 8 months. The recipient was HCV seronegative before transplant, but became HCV seropositive immediately posttransplant. The antibodies were undetectable after 97 days, in keeping with a passive antibody transmission or B lymphocyte transmission with the graft.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an HCV seropositive liver allograft transplanted into an HCV-negative recipient who subsequently received intense immunosuppression. This case, therefore, is an encouraging and novel step in liver transplantation, and demonstrates that SVR may be closer to a true “cure” of HCV in the donor population and that, even in circumstances of very potent immunosuppression in the recipient, this SVR is sustained.
Camptocormia Induced by a Dopaminergic Agonist
Authors: Mano Tomoo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Camptocormia, a condition that involves the abnormal flexion of the trunk and results in a forward-bending posture, is relatively common during the course of Parkinson disease (PD). Despite this, there is ongoing controversy concerning its mechanisms and no consensus regarding the underlying etiology. This report demonstrates a case in which a dopaminergic agonist (DA) was implicated in the onset of camptocormia episodes in a non-PD patient who developed camptocormia after the start of DA treatment. Over a course of 8 years, the patient experienced intermittent camptocormia, which resulted in multiple falls. After cessation of the DA, the patient showed decreased camptocormia symptoms. This case report suggests that clinicians should consider the possibility of DA-induced camptocormia in patients with PD and non-PD patients receiving DA treatments, and serves to caution clinicians regarding the administration of DAs.
Bismuth (III) sulfide as additive: towards better lubricity without toxicity
Authors: Müller Camila , Redondo Franco Leonardo , Dennehy Mariana , Ciolino Andrés Eduardo , Tuckart Walter Roberto 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to design a fluid formulation with good lubricant properties by using an environmentally friendly additive for: high and low contact pressure conditions and steel/steel and polymer/steel systems.

Design/methodology/approach
Bismuth (III) sulfide (Bi2S3, “green chemistry” synthesis) is added to a commercial vinyl-terminated silicone fluid (PDMS-Vi) to obtain different weight-per cent mixtures. Tribological performance of formulations is studied from Reichert’s tests (steel/steel system) and block on ring tests (polymer/steel). The results are compared with formulations prepared with commercial bismuth (III) sulfide (Bi2S3), molybdenum (IV) sulfide (MoS2) and graphite.

Findings
An orthorhombic crystal lattice (XRD ) and a high-purity product (XRF) are evidenced for synthesized Bi2S3. Lubricant properties increase when the weight-per cent of the synthesized Bi2S3 increases in formulations. The wear area decreases up to 90 per cent according to Reichert’s tests. The synthesized Bi2S3 shows a better tribological behavior when compared to commercial Bi2S3, MoS2 and graphite.

Originality/value
Replacement of lead derivatives by an environmentally friendly lubricant in extreme pressure (EP) formulations and excellent performance compared to commercially used additives are achieved.
Tribological characterization of Fe-Cu-Sn alloy with graphite as solid lubricant
Authors: Mushtaq Shuhaib , Wani Mohd Farooq 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effect of varying Wt.% (0-3 per cent) of graphite as a solid lubricant on the tribological properties of Fe-Cu-Sn alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
Powder metallurgy technique is used for the fabrication of Fe-Cu-Sn alloy with varying Wt.% of graphite. The tribological tests were conducted on a ball-on-disc universal tribometer under different testing conditions.

Findings
The friction coefficient decreases with sliding distance and load, but the wear rate increases with the increase in load. The G3 composition showed the best tribological properties under dry conditions. The wear mechanism of G0 composition shows adhesive wear and abrasive wear, while G1, G2 and G3 compositions show mildly abrasive wear.

Originality/value
This paper reported a new, cheap and wear-resistant self-lubricating Fe matrix material for gears and bearings.
Aging affects the in vivo regenerative potential of human mesoangioblasts
Authors: Rotini Alessio , Martínez‐Sarrà Ester , Duelen Robin , Costamagna Domiziana , Di Filippo Ester Sara , Giacomazzi Giorgia , Grosemans Hanne , Fulle Stefania , Sampaolesi Maurilio 
Published: February 2018

SummarySarcopenia is the age‐related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. Although the role of human satellite cells (SCs) as adult skeletal muscle stem cells has been deeply investigated, little is known about the impact of aging on muscle interstitial stem cells. Here, we isolated the non‐SC CD56– fraction from human muscle biopsies of young and elderly subjects. The elderly interstitial cell population contained a higher number of CD15+ and PDGFRα+ cells when compared to young samples. In addition, we found that the CD56–/ALP+ cells were well represented as a multipotent stem cell population inside the CD56– fraction. CD56–/ALP+/CD15– cells were clonogenic, and since they were myogenic and expressed NG2, α‐SMA and PDGFRβ can be considered mesoangioblasts (MABs). Interestingly, elderly MABs displayed a dramatic impairment in the myogenic differentiation ability in vitro and when transplanted in dystrophic immunodeficient Sgcb‐null Rag2‐null γc‐null mice. In addition, elderly MABs proliferated less, but yet retained other multilineage capabilities. Overall, our results indicate that aging negatively impacted on the regenerative potential of MABs and this should be carefully considered for potential therapeutic applications of MABs.
α‐Motor neurons are spared from aging while their synaptic inputs degenerate in monkeys and mice
Authors: Maxwell Nicholas , Castro Ryan W. , Sutherland Natalia M. , Vaughan Kelli L. , Szarowicz Mark D. , de Cabo Rafael , Mattison Julie A. , Valdez Gregorio 
Published: February 2018

SummaryMotor function deteriorates with advancing age, increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. While it is well established that skeletal muscles and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) degenerate with increasing age, the effect of aging on α‐motor neurons and their innervating synaptic inputs remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the soma of α‐motor neurons and innervating synaptic inputs in the spinal cord of aged rhesus monkeys and mice, two species with vastly different lifespans. We found that, in both species, α‐motor neurons retain their soma size despite an accumulation of large amounts of cellular waste or lipofuscin. Interestingly, the lipofuscin profile varied considerably, indicating that α‐motor neurons age at different rates. Although the rate of aging varies, α‐motor neurons do not atrophy in old age. In fact, there is no difference in the number of motor axons populating ventral roots in old mice compared to adult mice. Moreover, the transcripts and proteins associated with α‐motor neurons do not decrease in the spinal cord of old mice. However, in aged rhesus monkeys and mice, there were fewer cholinergic and glutamatergic synaptic inputs directly abutting α‐motor neurons, evidence that aging causes α‐motor neurons to shed synaptic inputs. Thus, the loss of synaptic inputs may contribute to age‐related dysfunction of α‐motor neurons. These findings broaden our understanding of the degeneration of the somatic motor system that precipitates motor dysfunction with advancing age.
Short‐term and long‐term measures of cortisol in saliva and hair in atypical and non‐atypical depression
Authors: Herane‐Vives A. , de Angel V. , Papadopoulos A. , Wise T. , Chua K.‐C. , Strawbridge R. , Castillo D. , Arnone D. , Young A. H. , Cleare A. J. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAtypical depression may show lowered rather than raised short‐term cortisol levels. Atypical major depressive episodes (A‐MDE) may also be more closely linked to environmental factors and show overlap with somatic symptom disorders. Hair specimens allow measuring long‐term cortisol levels.MethodsTwenty‐seven A‐MDE and 44 NA‐MDE patients and 40 matched controls were tested. Measures of hair cortisol concentration [HCC] covering the previous 3 months and short‐term cortisol parameters (six saliva specimens to assess the cortisol awakening response [CAR] and total daily cortisol output calculated as the area under the curve [AUCg]) were taken alongside measures of environmental factors and clinical variables.ResultsThere were no differences in HCC between the three groups (P = 0.8), and no difference in the CAR (P = 0.95). However, A‐MDE showed lowered short‐term cortisol output (AUCg) compared to controls (P = 0.04). A‐MDE patients also reported a higher number of daily hassles, and higher levels of fatigue and impaired concentration than NA‐MDE.ConclusionsNormal long‐term (HCC) and reduced short‐term (AUCg) cortisol levels in A‐MDE could suggest a disrupted long‐term cortisol rhythm, perhaps affected by environmental factors or by certain symptoms, such as mid‐nocturnal insomnia. However, other underlying explanations for these findings should also be investigated in the future.
THE POLITICS OF FDI EXPROPRIATION
Authors: Azzimonti Marina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractI examine the role of political instability and fractionalization as potential explanations for the lack of capital flows from rich countries to poor countries (i.e., the Lucas Paradox). Using panel data from 1984 to 2014, I document that (i) developed countries exhibit larger inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI), (ii) countries subject to high investment risk (IR) receive low FDI inflows, and (iii) IR is higher in fractionalized and politically unstable economies. These findings suggest a negative relationship between political instability and FDI through the IR channel. I inspect the theoretical mechanism using a dynamic political economy model of redistribution, wherein policymakers can expropriate resources from foreign investors. The proceeds are used to finance group‐specific transfers to domestic workers but hinder economic growth by discouraging FDI. I show that the political equilibrium exhibits overexpropriation and underinvestment.
LEARNING MATTERS: REAPPRAISING OBJECT ALLOCATION RULES WHEN AGENTS STRATEGICALLY INVESTIGATE
Authors: Harless Patrick , Manjunath Vikram 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIndividuals form preferences through search, interviews, discussion, and investigation. In a stylized object allocation model, we characterize the equilibrium learning strategies induced by different allocation rules and trace their welfare consequences. Our analysis reveals that top trading cycles rules dominate serial priority rules under inequality‐averse measures of social welfare.
BANKRUPTCY AND DELINQUENCY IN A MODEL OF UNSECURED DEBT
Authors: Athreya Kartik , Sánchez Juan M. , Tam Xuan S. , Young Eric R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article documents and interprets a fact central to the dynamics of informal consumer debt default. We observe that for individuals 60– 90 days late on payments, (i) 85% make payments during the next quarter, and (ii) 40% reduce their debt. To understand these facts, we develop a quantitative model of debt delinquency and bankruptcy. Our model reproduces the dynamics of delinquency and suggests an interpretation of the data in which lenders frequently reset loan terms for delinquent borrowers, typically offering partial debt forgiveness, instead of a blanket imposition of the “penalty rates” most unsecured credit contracts specify.
WHAT DO VARS TELL US ABOUT THE IMPACT OF A CREDIT SUPPLY SHOCK?
Authors: Mumtaz Haroon , Pinter Gabor , Theodoridis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the aftermath of the recent financial crisis, a variety of structural vector autoregression (VAR) models have been proposed to identify credit supply shocks. Using a Monte Carlo experiment, we show that the performance of these models can vary substantially, with some identification schemes producing particularly misleading results. When applied to U.S. data, the estimates from the best performing VAR models indicate, on average, that credit supply shocks that raise spreads by 10 basis points reduce GDP growth and inflation by 1% after one year. These shocks were important during the Great Recession, accounting for about half the decline in GDP growth.
AN OVER‐THE‐COUNTER APPROACH TO THE FOREX MARKET
Authors: Geromichalos Athanasios , Jung Kuk Mo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe foreign exchange (FOREX) market is an over‐the‐counter market characterized by intermediation and significant bid–ask spreads. However, most of the existing international macroeconomics literature models the FOREX as a standard Walrasian market. This article constructs a dynamic general equilibrium model of intermediation in the FOREX market. We use our framework to compute standard measures of FOREX liquidity, such as bid–ask spreads and trade volume, and study how they are affected by macroeconomic fundamentals and market microstructure. We also study how FOREX market microstructure affects the volume of international trade and, consequently, welfare. Our empirical exercise offers support to the models' main predictions.
CREDIT RATING AND DEBT CRISES
Authors: Holden Steinar , Natvik Gisle James , Vigier Adrien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe develop an equilibrium theory of credit rating in the presence of rollover risk. By influencing rational creditors, ratings affect sovereigns' probability of default, which in turn affects ratings. Our analysis reveals a pro‐cyclical impact of credit rating: In equilibrium the presence of a rating agency increases default risk when it is high and decreases default risk when it is low.