bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MODELOS DE AFILAMENTO E FORMA DOS FUSTES DE EUCALIPTO, EM DIFERENTES QUALIDADES DE SÍTIO
Authors: Téo Saulo Jorge , Miguel Eder Pereira , Nascimento Rodrigo Geroni Mendes 
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo ajustar e selecionar modelos de afilamento para estimar diâmetros, volume por seção e volume acumulado com casca, ao longo do tronco de árvores de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden, em Rio Verde – GO, para estudar a forma dos fustes das árvores em diferentes classes de sítio. Foram cubadas rigorosamente pelo método de Smalian, 812 árvores em um povoamento florestal cuja densidade inicial foi de 1.111 árvores por hectare, com idade de 80 meses. Os modelos de afilamento testados foram os Polinômios de 2º e de 5º Graus e o Polinômio de Potências Fracionárias e Inteiras de Hradetzky. A função de afilamento mais acurada para estimar os diâmetros e volumes por seção, ao longo do fuste das árvores foi o Polinômio de Hradetzky, para todas as classes de sítio testadas. No entanto, para estimar os volumes acumulados, a função de afilamento de melhor desempenho foi o Polinômio de 5º Grau para as classes de sítio II e III, e o Polinômio de Hradetzky, para a classe de sítio I. Os fustes das árvores de Eucalyptus grandis apresentam melhor forma nos sítios de melhor qualidade, enquanto na pior classe de sítio, apresentam maior conicidade.Palavras-chave: modelos polinomiais, perfil do fuste, Eucalyptus grandis. TAPER MODELS AND STEM FORM OF EUCALYPTUS, IN DIFFERENT SITE QUALITIES ABSTRACT:The objective of this paper was fitting and selecting taper models to estimate diameters, volume section and accumulated volume outside bark, throughout stem of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden trees, in Rio Verde – GO, Brazil, as well as, study the stem form of the trees at different site classes. Altogether, it was measured by Smalian volume calculation procedure, 812 trees of a forest stand with initial density of 1,111 trees per hectare and age of 80 months. The taper models tested was the 2º and 5º Degree Polynomial and the Hradetzky Polynomial of Fractioned and Entire Potencies. The most accurate taper function for estimating diameters and volume section outside bark, throughout stem was Hradetzky Polynomial function, for all site classes tested. However, to estimate accumulated volume outside bark, the best performance was the 5º Degree Polynomial taper function for II and III site classes, and the Hradetzky Polynomial, for the site class I. The stems of the Eucalyptus grandis trees present better form in the sites with better quality, whereas in the poorest site class the stems are more conical.Keywords: polynomial models, stem profile, Eucalyptus grandis.
Assessment of senior medical care majors’ knowledge in antimicrobial chemotherapy
Authors: Bontsevich Roman A. , Kirienko Yulia A. , Bogatova Viktoriya Ye. , Miliutina Elena V. , Kovalenko Vladimir S. , Melnichenko Aleksandra A. , Goncharova Natalia Y. , Batishcheva Galina A. , Agapov Andrey V. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials has been gradually increasing since 2011 and is now recognized by the World Health Organization as a global biological threat. Causes of antimicrobial resistance must be actively addressed. Healthcare workers’ awareness of rational antimicrobial prescribing practices is of great importance. The increasing relevance of this issue is considered within this study, which started in 2014.
Materials and methods: The article represents the results of anonymous prospective surveys within the framework of the KANT multi-centered research project aimed at assessing students’ knowledge of rational antimicrobial prescribing practices also known as “antimicrobial stewardship”. The survey involved 309 Medical Care majors in their fifth- and sixth- years in two Russian regional centers: Belgorod and Voronezh. The answers to four main questions of the survey were analyzed in this work.
Results and discussion: According to the survey, 51.5% of the respondents properly identified a pharmacological group of an antimicrobial; 79.3% of the students would change an antibiotic if the desired therapeutic outcome was not achieved within two or three days of treatment; 29.8% of the students believed that an antimicrobial substitution was required even when a positive therapeutic outcome was achieved; and nobody could correctly identify all the proposed pharmacologically irrational combinations of antimicrobials.
Conclusions: The survey showed that senior medical students have insufficient knowledge in antimicrobial stewardship. Appropriate use of antibiotics and antimicrobial prescribing practices need to be considered more thoroughly in Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Care curricula. Likewise, educational activities on antimicrobial stewardship and best prescribing practices are of great importance for students as they will help with improving the knowledge of future doctors.
The effect of active and passive maternal smoking before and during pregnancy on neonatal weight at birth
Authors: Wojtyła Cezary , Wojtyła-Buciora Paulina , Ciebiera Michał , Orzechowski Stanisław , Wojtyła Andrzej 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionSmoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Data on the correlation between passive maternal smoking and pregnancy outcomes remain limited. We investigated the effect of active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during pregnancy on neonatal birthweight, including the risk for low birthweight (LBW).Material and methodsThe study was conducted between 2010 and 2012. A group of 8625 women were surveyed during postpartum hospitalization. Outcome measures included mean birthweight of newborns. Additionally, odds ratios with confidence intervals were calculated to investigate the risk for LBW in active and passive smoking groups of mothers.ResultsLower birthweight (46 g – 307 g; p < 0.05) and a higher risk for LBW (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05–1.75; p < 0.05) were observed in all infants born to smoking mothers. A negative effect of ETS in pregnancy on the reduction of mean birthweight was also found. Additionally, we analyzed the cumulative effect of active and passive smoking on neonatal birthweight. A statistically significant reduction in neonatal weight at birth was found in a group of women who smoked actively and passively during pregnancy (130 g; p < 0.05).ConclusionsSmoking is associated with decreased birthweight and in a group of active smoking mothers increased risk for LBW. This effect is dose-dependent and is also present in a group of women who smoked before pregnancy. There is also a cumulative effect of active smoking and ETS causing decreased neonatal birthweight and increased risk for low birthweight.
Apresentação: pagamento por desempenho, formulação, implementação e sucesso da política em países de renda baixa, média e alta
Authors: Da Cunha Saddi Fabiana , Peckham Stephen , Santos Mundim Pedro 
Published: December 2018

Países de renda alta (PRA), baixa e média (PRBM) inseridos em distintos contextos político-econômicos e de dependência (ou não) do financiamento externo, bem como em estágios diferenciados de desenvolvimento da política de atenção primária à saúde (APS), têmadotado programas de pagamento por desempenho ou de financiamento baseado em desempenho (P4P/FBD) na APS. Levando em conta a realidade de sistemas e contextos de saúde nos países, os pressupostos racionais que caracterizam o desenho de programas de P4P/FBD têm sido teoricamente questionados por pressupostos políticos, organizacionais e motivacionais mais realistas. Empiricamente, e de forma distinta entre os países, eles têm sido desafiados por lógicas políticas alternativas decorrentes de processos de implementação e reformulação comparativamente distintos, de diversos efeitos (ou evidências) inesperados(as)e do reconhecimento da necessidade de se efetuar adaptações e considerar impactos de longo prazo (sustentáveis) nos sistemas de saúde.
Abordagem do conceito de função no ensino fundamental partindo da aproximação com o cotidiano
Authors: Dos Santos Arieli , Werner da Rosa Cleci Teresinha , De Oliveira Biazus Marivane 
Published: December 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta para abordar a introdução e a exploração de alguns conceitos presentes no estudo de funções, em especial as funções do primeiro grau e do segundo grau, no nono ano do ensino fundamental. O trabalho propõe uma sequência de atividades, em que se buscam a contextualização e o uso de ferramentas didáticas, para tornar a aprendizagem matemática mais significativa para o aluno. Como suporte teórico, adotou-se a teoria sociointeracionista, de Vigotski (1999), para estruturar e nortear a elaboração da proposta, bem como a sua implementação em sala de aula. A sequência didática foi estruturada em oito encontros, nos quais o conceito de funções foi abordado utilizando-se o software Tracker, entre outras ferramentas, e implementada em duas turmas de nono ano de uma escola pública do município de Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.
A utilização do jogo Angry Birds Space na aprendizagem de conceitos de lançamento de projéteis e de gravidade no ensino fundamental: uma proposta de unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa
Authors: Dos Anjos Freitas Savana , Serrano de Andrade Neto Agostinho 
Published: December 2018

O ensino de física no ensino fundamental tem estado praticamente esquecido em nosso país, tanto na pesquisa em ensino como na prática em sala de aula. Nossa estrutura curricular considera o ensino específico de física apenas a partir do ensino médio. Neste trabalho, mostramos como utilizar o jogo Angry Birds Space para uma aprendizagem significativa dos conceitos de lançamento de projéteis e de gravidade no ensino fundamental. O produto educacional explanado foi baseado em um subprojeto do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência de Física da Universidade Luterana do Brasil e, com algumas modificações, foi montado na sequência didática de unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa. É possível utilizar essa sequência em um contexto educacional e abordar conceitos simples de física no ensino fundamental.
De OR en de benoeming en het ontslag van bestuurders en commissarissen
Authors: Zaal Ilse , van Tuyll Constant 
Published: December 2018

De OR en de benoeming en het ontslag van bestuurders en commissarissen
Op verzoek van de ondernemingsraad oordeelde de Ondernemingskamer dat bij Eneco sprake was van gegronde redenen om te twijfelen aan een juist beleid, onder meer omdat sprake was van schending van medezeggenschapsrechten. In deze annotatie bespreken auteurs de reikwijdte van dit arrest. Zij gaan met name in op het adviesrecht ten aanzien van de benoeming en het ontslag van de bestuurder.
INFRAESTRUTURA URBANA SUSTENTÁVEL: CONCEITOS E APLICAÇÕES SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO ARQUITETO E URBANISTA
Authors: Farias Ariadne S. de , Marcon Joceane P. , Schmitt Débora P. , Siebeneichler Karen Maisa 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar a contribuição da infraestrutura verde para o desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades. A partir de conceitos, tipologias e aplicações, demonstra a emergência da aplicação dos preceitos dasustentabilidade para transformar a paisagem, em busca da construção da resiliência urbana. Portanto, o arquiteto e urbanista possui um papel fundamental no planejamento e implantação da infraestrutura verde, além da função de despertar o interesse da sociedade para a transformação do ambiente urbano em prol de uma melhor qualidade de vida nas cidades.
PARTIÇÃO DA MATÉRIA SECA E DE CARBONO EM MUDAS DE <i>Pinus taeda </i> L. SUBMETIDAS À TIGMOMORFOGÊNESE
Authors: Lopes Dranski João Alexandre , Frandoloso Jucenei Fernando , Malavasi Ubirajara Contro , Malavasi Marlene de Matos 
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho objetivou quantificar os efeitos da tigmomorfogênese induzida por flexões caulinares na fase de rustificação de mudas de Pinus taeda L. sobre a partição da matéria seca e de carbono. Mudas de Pinus taeda com 22 cm de altura, produzidas em tubetes, foram submetidas a cinco intensidades de flexões caulinares (0, 5, 10, 20 e 40 flexões) realizadas diariamente, com o auxílio de um aparato mecânico, por 60 dias. Ao final, quantificou-se a área foliar e os incrementos na altura e no diâmetro do coleto. Posteriormente, determinaram-se os incrementos na massa de matéria seca de raízes e da parte aérea foram subdivididas em cinco componentes: raiz pivotante, raízes laterais, acículas, casca e lenho. Na matéria seca resultante, foi determinado o teor e conteúdo de carbono. O experimento seguiu o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de regressão a 5% de probabilidade de erro. A tigmomorfogênese induzida por flexões caulinares resultou na redução do crescimento em altura, área foliar e matéria seca da parte aérea, mas, com até 20 flexões caulinares, promoveu o aumento da taxa de crescimento em diâmetro e matéria seca do sistema radicular. A alteração no crescimento primário e secundário foi resultante da redistribuição de carbono e do conteúdo de matéria seca no caule e no sistema radicular, principalmente em raízes laterais, através de redução de área foliar. Os resultados sugerem que em mudas perturbadas mecanicamenteo aumento em área foliar deixa de ser o dreno preferencial de carbono, predominando o crescimento de caule e sistema radicular.
Niche modeling for the genus Pogona (Squamata: Agamidae) in Australia: predicting past (late Quaternary) and future (2070) areas of suitable habitat
Authors: Rej Julie E. , Joyner T. Andrew 
Published: December 2018

Background
As the climate warms, many species of reptiles are at risk of habitat loss and ultimately extinction. Locations of suitable habitat in the past, present, and future were modeled for several lizard species using MaxEnt, incorporating climatic variables related to temperature and precipitation. In this study, we predict where there is currently suitable habitat for the genus Pogona and potential shifts in habitat suitability in the past and future.

Methods
Georeferenced occurrence records were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, climate variables (describing temperature and precipitation) were obtained from WorldClim, and a vegetation index was obtained from AVHRR satellite data. Matching climate variables were downloaded for three different past time periods (mid-Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum, and Last Interglacial) and two different future projections representative concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6 and 8.5). MaxEnt produced accuracy metrics, response curves, and probability surfaces. For each species, parameters were adjusted for the best possible output that was biologically informative.

Results
Model results predicted that in the past, there was little suitable habitat for P. henrylawsoni and P. microlepidota within the areas of their current range. Past areas of suitable habitat for P. barbata were predicted to be similar to the current prediction. Pogona minor and P. nullarbor were predicted to have had a more expansive range of suitable habitat in the past, which has reduced over time. P. vitticeps was predicted to have less suitable habitat in the past when examining the region of their known occurrence; however, there was predicted growth in suitable habitat in Western Australia. Both 2070 models predict a similar distribution of habitat; however, the model produced using the 2070 RCP 8.5 climate change projection showed a larger change, both in areas of suitable habitat gain and loss. In the future, P. henrylawsoni and P. microlepidota might gain suitable habitat, while the other four species could possibly suffer habitat loss.

Discussion
Based on the model results, P. henrylawsoni and P. microlepidota had minimal areas of suitable habitat during the Last Glacial Maximum, possibly due to changes in tolerance or data/model limitations, especially since genetic analyses for these species suggest a much earlier emergence. The predicted late Quaternary habitat results for all species of Pogona are conservative and should be compared to the fossil record which is not possible at the moment due to the current inability to identify fossil Pogona to the species level. P. nullarbor and P. vitticeps future models predict substantial habitat loss. P. nullarbor could potentially be considered vulnerable in the present since it already has a restricted range, and a conservation plan may need to be considered.
Genetics of the Pathophysiology of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Lohmann Dietmar R , Gallie Brenda L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumour that originates from cone precursors of the developing retina and is usually diagnosed in children under age of 5 years. This tumour emerges from cells with inactivating alterations of both alleles of the tumour suppressor gene
RB1
. In nonheritable retinoblastoma, these two alterations have occurred in somatic cells and are not passed to offspring. Variant alleles of the
RB1
gene transmitted via the germline cause heritable predisposition to retinoblastoma and some other neoplasms (second cancers). In families, this trait shows autosomal dominant inheritance with variable phenotypic expression and incomplete penetrance. Analysis of genotype–phenotype associations has shown that the mean number of tumour foci that develop in carriers of mutant
RB1
alleles varies depending on which, and to what extent the mutant allele has retained functions of the normal allele. The
RB1
gene product, pRb, has a role in several cellular processes. One of its functions is to be a gatekeeper that negatively regulates progression through G
1
phase of the cell cycle. The
RB1
gene is imprinted and this may explain some of the observed parent‐of‐origin effects.

Key Concepts

Two‐step inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene (
RB1
) is a prerequisite for the development of retinoblastoma.

Germ‐line variants in the
RB1
gene can cause heritable retinoblastoma that is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity.

Variable phenotypic expression of heritable retinoblastoma is in part explained by allelic heterogeneity of
RB1
gene variants.

In patients with nonheritable retinoblastoma, the two alleles of the retinoblastoma gene are inactivated by somatic mutations.

The human
RB1
gene is imprinted with skewed expression in favour of the maternal allele.
Biological Redox Mediation in Electron Transport Chain of Bacteria for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Ko Youngmin , Park Hyeokjun , Kim Jinsoo , Lim Hee‐Dae , Lee Byungju , Kwon Giyun , Lee Sechan , Bae Youngjoon , Park Sung Kwan , Kang Kisuk 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGoverning the fundamental reaction in lithium–oxygen batteries is vital to realizing their potentially high energy density. Here, novel oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts capable of mediating the lithium and oxygen reaction within a solution‐driven discharge, which promotes the solution‐phase formation of lithium peroxide (Li2O2), are reported, thus enhancing the discharge capacity. The new catalysts are derived from mimicking the biological redox mediation in the electron transport chain in Escherichia coli, where vitamin K2 mediates the oxidation of flavin mononucleotide and the reduction of cytochrome b in the cell membrane. The redox potential of vitamin K2 is demonstrated to coincide with the suitable ORR potential range of lithium–oxygen batteries in aprotic solvent, thereby enabling its successful functioning as a redox mediator (RM) triggering the solution‐based discharge. The use of vitamin K2 prevents the growth of film‐like Li2O2 even in an ether‐based electrolyte, which has been reported to induce surface‐driven discharge and early passivation of the electrode, thus boosting the discharge capacity by ≈30 times. The similarity of the redox mediation in the biological cell and lithium–oxygen “cell” inspires the exploration of redox active bio‐organic compounds for potential high‐performance RMs toward achieving high specific energies for lithium–oxygen batteries.
High‐Performance Ferroelectric–Dielectric Multilayered Thin Films for Energy Storage Capacitors
Authors: Silva José P. B. , Silva João M. B. , Oliveira Marcelo J. S. , Weingärtner Tobias , Sekhar Koppole C. , Pereira Mário , Gomes Maria J. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHerein, the effect of the insertion of a thin dielectric HfO2:Al2O3 (HAO) layer at different positions in the Pt/0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCZT)/Au structure on the energy storage performance of the capacitors is investigated. A high storage performance is achieved through the insertion of a HAO layer between BCZT and Au layers. The insertion of the dielectric layer causes a depolarization field which results in a high linearity hysteresis loop with low energy dissipation. The Pt/BCZT/HAO/Au capacitors show an impressive energy storage density of 99.8 J cm−3 and efficiency of 71.0%, at an applied electric field of 750 kV cm−1. Further, no significant change in the energy storage properties is observed after passing 108 switching cycles through the capacitor. The presence of resistive switching (RS) in leakage current characteristics confirms the strong charge coupling between ferroelectric and insulator layers. The same trend of the RS ratio and the energy storage performance with the variation of the architecture of the devices suggests that the energy storage properties can be improved through the charge coupling between the layers. By combining ferroelectrics and dielectrics into one single structure, the proposed strategy provides an efficient way for developing highly efficient energy storage capacitors.
Tissue Engineering for the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Acri Timothy M. , Shin Kyungsup , Seol Dongrim , Laird Noah Z. , Song Ino , Geary Sean M. , Chakka Jaidev L. , Martin James A. , Salem Aliasger K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTissue engineering potentially offers new treatments for disorders of the temporomandibular joint which frequently afflict patients. Damage or disease in this area adversely affects masticatory function and speaking, reducing patients' quality of life. Effective treatment options for patients suffering from severe temporomandibular joint disorders are in high demand because surgical options are restricted to removal of damaged tissue or complete replacement of the joint with prosthetics. Tissue engineering approaches for the temporomandibular joint are a promising alternative to the limited clinical treatment options. However, tissue engineering is still a developing field and only in its formative years for the temporomandibular joint. This review outlines the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint, clinical management of temporomandibular joint disorder, and current perspectives in the tissue engineering approach for the temporomandibular joint disorder. The tissue engineering perspectives have been categorized according to the primary structures of the temporomandibular joint: the disc, the mandibular condyle, and the glenoid fossa. In each section, contemporary approaches in cellularization, growth factor selection, and scaffold fabrication strategies are reviewed in detail along with their achievements and challenges.