bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Cement Board with CO2Injection Method added CaCl2as Additive Using Two Wood Species from Community Forests
Authors: Taskirawati I , Sanusi D , Baharuddin B , Agussalim A , Suhasman S 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWood from community forests has been calculated as one of the raw materials in the manufacture of cement boards. On the other hand, efforts to improve the compatibility of raw materials continue to be carried out, one of which is through the addition of additives. This additive can improve the characteristics of the cement board. The use of CO2injection method has been able to accelerate the curing process by about one hour compared to conventional methods. This research was conducted to compare the characteristics of conventional cement board and CO2injection methods using, each of which added CaCl2. The wood species used wereAcacia mangium(Acacia) andArthophyllumdiversifolium(Lento-lento). The type of cement used was Portland Cement Composite (PCC). The characteristics of the cement board were tested according to JIS A 5417-1992. The results showed that the Acacia cement board using conventional methods had better board characteristics than the CO2injection method. On the other hand, the Lento-lento cement board with CO2injection method produces better board characteristics.
Social Inequalities in Harmful Drinking and Alcohol-Related Problems Among Swedish Adolescents
Authors: Thor Siri , Karlsson Patrik , Landberg Jonas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
The study aims to examine how socio-economic status (SES) among youth is related to binge-drinking and alcohol-related problems using three SES indicators: (i) SES of origin (parental education level), (ii) SES of the school environment (average parental education level at student’s school) and (iii) SES of destination (academic orientation).

Methods
Cross-sectional data on upper secondary students (n= 4448) in Sweden. Multilevel logistic and negative binomial regression were used to estimate the relationship between each SES indicator and binge-drinking and alcohol-related problems, respectively.

Results
Only SES of destination was significantly associated with binge-drinking, with higher odds for students in vocational programmes (OR= 1.42, 95% CI= 1.13–1.80). For the second outcome, SES of destination (rr=1.25; 95%CI=1.08–1.45) and SES of the school environment (rr=1.19, 95% CI=1.02–1.39) indicated more alcohol-related problems in vocational programmes and in schools with lower-educated parents. After adjustment for drinking patterns, the relationship remained for SES of the school environment, but became non-significant for SES of destination.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the SES gradient among youth is stronger for alcohol-related problems than for harmful drinking. By only focusing on SES differences in harmful alcohol use, researchers may underestimate the social inequalities in adverse alcohol-related outcomes among young people. Our findings also support the notion that the environment young people find themselves in matters for social inequalities in alcohol-related harm.
Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Healthcare Utilization in Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Naglich Andrew C , Bozeman Sara , Brown E Sherwood , Adinoff Bryon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsThe objective of this study is to address equivocation in estimates of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor initiation (SSRI) effect on all-cause and alcohol-related ER visits, and medical or psychiatric admissions within 2 years of initial Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis in patients with PTSD and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).MethodsThis study is a quasi-experimental, new-user-design cohort study of 3235 patients seen at the VA North Texas Healthcare System between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2016. High dimensional propensity score (HDPS) techniques were used to estimate likelihood of SSRI initiation within 30 days of first PTSD diagnosis. Propensity scores were used to calculate weights for likelihood of SSRI initiation which were used to control for baseline covariates in estimations of SSRI medication effect on odds of each outcome occurring.ResultsCompared to those who did not receive SSRIs, patients prescribed an SSRI within 30 days showed significantly lower odds of alcohol-related ER visits (OR=0.668, 95%CI = 0.476 to 0.938, P = 0.02) and alcohol-related medical admissions (OR=0.583, 95%CI = 0.399 to 0.851, P = 0.005).LimitationsInconsistent assessment of PTSD severity necessitated the use of HDPS models to control for baseline confounding. Our study design mimicked intent-to-treat trial design and therefore could not control for SSRI initiations after the 30-day grace period following initial PTSD diagnosis.ConclusionsSSRI initiation in patients with AUD and PTSD is associated with significantly reduced odds of alcohol-related medical hospitalization and alcohol-related ER visits within 2 years of first PTSD diagnosis. Additional studies are needed to verify these results.
Fully-sensitive seed finding in sequence graphs using a hybrid index
Authors: Ghaffaari Ali , Marschall Tobias 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Sequence graphs are versatile data structures that are, for instance, able to represent the genetic variation found in a population and to facilitate genome assembly. Read mapping to sequence graphs constitutes an important step for many applications and is usually done by first finding exact seed matches, which are then extended by alignment. Existing methods for finding seed hits prune the graph in complex regions, leading to a loss of information especially in highly polymorphic regions of the genome. While such complex graph structures can indeed lead to a combinatorial explosion of possible alleles, the query set of reads from a diploid individual realizes only two alleles per locus—a property that is not exploited by extant methods.

Results
We present the Pan-genome Seed Index (PSI), a fully-sensitive hybrid method for seed finding, which takes full advantage of this property by combining an index over selected paths in the graph with an index over the query reads. This enables PSI to find all seeds while eliminating the need to prune the graph. We demonstrate its performance with different parameter settings on both simulated data and on a whole human genome graph constructed from variants in the 1000 Genome Project dataset. On this graph, PSI outperforms GCSA2 in terms of index size, query time and sensitivity.

Availability and implementation
The C++ implementation is publicly available at: https://github.com/cartoonist/psi.
Optical coherence tomography in varying aetiologies of renal artery stenosis: a case series
Authors: Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Kanabar Kewal , Krishnappa Darshan , Kasinadhuni Ganesh , Sharma Ashish , Akasaka Takashi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a common cause of secondary hypertension. The most common aetiology is atherosclerosis; however, other causes like fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and Takayasu arteritis (TA) are also frequently encountered. The lesion characteristics and its response to percutaneous intervention depend upon the aetiology of RAS. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an excellent imaging modality to analyse coronary lesions during percutaneous coronary interventions. The data regarding the utility of OCT in renal artery imaging is limited, consisting of a few case reports.

Case summary
We hereby report four cases of RAS, each of different aetiology (atherosclerotic, FMD, post-transplant, and TA), who underwent OCT imaging of the renal artery along with percutaneous renal angioplasty.

Discussion
The advantages of OCT imaging include demonstration of the arterial wall, pathological features of the disease, and to guide percutaneous interventions. The major limitation of OCT is its lower imaging depth, which may render imaging of large vessels difficult.
International Law of Customs Unions: Conceptual Variety, Legal Ambiguity and Diverse Practice
Authors: Ovádek Michal , Willemyns Ines 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Despite having considerable historical presence – traceable from 19th-century Germany – customs unions (CUs) have long been an understudied phenomenon in international law. This article aims to remedy this gap by critically reviewing the concept of customs union and identifying key issues in CU designs. The article problematizes what is understood by the concept of CU and what is entailed by the foremost definition of CUs found in Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It further investigates how recurrent design issues are resolved in practice by different CUs considering the inherent tension between the enactment of common rules and institutions and state sovereignty. We find variety in the historical, economic and legal conceptualizations of CUs, ambiguity and lacunas in Article XXIV of the GATT and diversity of CU designs along with a discernible concern for the impact of legal arrangements on state sovereignty.
Motivating teens to speak English through group work in Storyline
Authors: Ahlquist Sharon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Overcoming the reluctance of teenage learners to speak in the language classroom is a challenge for many teachers. This article reports on a study in which 60 Swedish pupils, aged 15–16, took part in a Storyline project based on a young adult fantasy novel. In the Storyline approach, a fictive world is created when learners, taking on the roles of characters in a story, collaborate on tasks to develop the story. A key feature is that the learners work in the same small groups for much of the time. During the six-week period of this study, these learners used English in a variety of speaking and writing tasks. The project showed a number of benefits, the most important of which were an increase in their motivation to speak English and enhanced self-confidence through doing so.
Multimorbidity, polypharmacy and primary prevention in community-dwelling adults in Quebec: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nguyen Tu N , Ngangue Patrice , Haggerty Jeannie , Bouhali Tarek , Fortin Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPolypharmacy carries the risk of adverse events, especially in people with multimorbidity.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling adults, the association of multimorbidity with polypharmacy and the use of medications for primary prevention.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of the follow-up data from the Program of Research on the Evolution of a Cohort Investigating Health System Effects (PRECISE) in Quebec, Canada. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of three or more chronic diseases and polypharmacy as self-reported concurrent use of five or more medications. Primary prevention was conceptualized as the use of statin or low-dose antiplatelets without a reported diagnostic of cardiovascular disease.ResultsMean age 56.7 ± 11.6, 62.5% female, 30.3% had multimorbidity, 31.9% had polypharmacy (n = 971). The most common drugs used were statins, renin–angiotensin system inhibitors and psychotropics. Compared to participants without any chronic disease, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for having polypharmacy were 2.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–6.28] in those with one chronic disease, 8.88 (95% CI: 4.06–19.20) in those with two chronic diseases and 25.31 (95% CI: 11.77–54.41) in those with three or more chronic diseases, P < 0.001. In participants without history of cardiovascular diseases, 16.2% were using antiplatelets and 28.5% were using statins. Multimorbidity was associated with increased likelihood of using antiplatelets (adjusted OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.98–4.48, P < 0.001) and statins (adjusted OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.63–5.37, P < 0.001) for primary prevention.ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling adults in Quebec and a strong association with multimorbidity. The use of medications for primary prevention may contribute to polypharmacy and raise questions about safety.
Structure, plant diversity and future management of Pentadesma butyracea stands, an endangered oil tree species in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Lankoandé Benjamin , Lykke Anne Mette , Boussim Joseph Issaka , Ouédraogo Amadé 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to assess the population structure of Pentadesma butyracea Sabine, a local oil tree species and to analyze the occurrence of woody plants in P. butyracea natural stands. Data were collected in 41 plots of 50 × 20 m across natural stands of P. butyracea in two regions of the south-Sudanian phytogeographic zone of Burkina Faso. Stem diameter, total height and tree health were recorded and the woody plant diversity was assessed. Stand data were calculated and the diameter structure was analyzed at the regional level using the Weibull distribution. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were found in density and basal area between regions. In both regions, 32 per cent of trees show signs of poor health. The diameter distributions of individuals showed a structure close to a reverse J-shape (c &lt; 1). Natural stands of P. butyracea exhibit good natural regeneration, but the large trees in the sampled populations commonly had poor health. The data may indicate early signs of stands of P. butyracea changing into savanna in the Banfora region as a consequence of human activities and climate deterioration. P. butyracea is a dominant species in riparian forest, its conservation has a potential to restore the riparian forest; appropriate management guidance and support that involves local communities is required to ensure sustainable management.
The Role of Chromatin Accessibility in cis-Regulatory Evolution
Authors: Peng Pei-Chen , Khoueiry Pierre , Girardot Charles , Reddington James P , Garfield David A , Furlong Eileen E M , Sinha Saurabh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTranscription factor (TF) binding is determined by sequence as well as chromatin accessibility. Although the role of accessibility in shaping TF-binding landscapes is well recorded, its role in evolutionary divergence of TF binding, which in turn can alter cis-regulatory activities, is not well understood. In this work, we studied the evolution of genome-wide binding landscapes of five major TFs in the core network of mesoderm specification, between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis, and examined its relationship to accessibility and sequence-level changes. We generated chromatin accessibility data from three important stages of embryogenesis in both Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis and recorded conservation and divergence patterns. We then used multivariable models to correlate accessibility and sequence changes to TF-binding divergence. We found that accessibility changes can in some cases, for example, for the master regulator Twist and for earlier developmental stages, more accurately predict binding change than is possible using TF-binding motif changes between orthologous enhancers. Accessibility changes also explain a significant portion of the codivergence of TF pairs. We noted that accessibility and motif changes offer complementary views of the evolution of TF binding and developed a combined model that captures the evolutionary data much more accurately than either view alone. Finally, we trained machine learning models to predict enhancer activity from TF binding and used these functional models to argue that motif and accessibility-based predictors of TF-binding change can substitute for experimentally measured binding change, for the purpose of predicting evolutionary changes in enhancer activity.
Effect of lipopolysaccharide-induced immune stimulation and maternal fish oil and microalgae supplementation during late pregnancy on nursery pig hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function1
Authors: You Lan , Lee Alison V , Oh Se-Young , Fisher-Heffernan Rebecca E , Edwards Michelle , de Lange Kees , Karrow Niel A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The present study used Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate whether maternal immune challenge during late gestation altered programming of the offspring hypothalamus and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA). In addition, interactions of maternal diet, supplementation with fish oil (FO) or microalgae (AL), and complex vs. simple weaning diets were investigated. Briefly, Landrace × Yorkshire sows (N = 48) were randomly assigned to diets supplemented with FO, AL, or a standard gestation control diet (CON) from day 75 of gestation (gd 75) until parturition. On gd 112, half the sows from each dietary treatment were immune challenged with LPS (10 μg/kg BW) or saline as a control. At 21 d postpartum, the offspring were weaned, and half the animals from each maternal treatment were allocated to either a complex or simple weaning diet. At 28 d postpartum, the offspring’s hourly fever and 2-h cortisol responses to LPS immune challenge (40 μg/kg BW) were measured to assess hypothalamus and HPAA function. Results indicated that the maternal temperature of sows on the FO diet returned to baseline levels faster than sows on the AL and CON diets after LPS immune challenge (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no difference in the maternal cortisol response across the dietary treatments (P > 0.10). Regardless of the dietary treatments, the maternal LPS immune challenge induced a greater cortisol response in male offspring (P = 0.05) and a greater fever response in female offspring (P = 0.03) when they were LPS immune challenged post-weaning. Male offspring from LPS-immune-challenged sows fed the FO and AL diets had a greater fever response than male offspring from the maternal CON diet group (P ≤ 0.05). Last, no effect of the complex or simple weaning diets was observed for the nursery pig cortisol or fever responses to LPS immune challenge. In conclusion, LPS immune challenge during late pregnancy altered responsiveness of the offspring hypothalamus and HPAA to this same microbial stressor, and a sex-specific response was influenced by maternal dietary supplementation with FO and AL.
A new species of Acanthopotamon Kemp, 1918 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from northeastern India, with a key to the species of the genus and notes on their distribution in relation to freshwater ecoregions
Authors: Pati Sameer K , Mitra Santanu , Yeo Darren C J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The potamid genus AcanthopotamonKemp, 1918 is known from three species, A. fungosum (Alcock, 1909), A. martensi (Wood-Mason, 1875) (type species), and A. panningi (Bott, 1966), and is found in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Within this range, the genus is found in the ‘Ganges Delta and Plain,’ ‘Lower and Middle Indus,’ and ‘Namuda-Tapi’ freshwater ecoregions. Here we describe a fourth species, A. horaisp. nov., from northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Mizoram) in the ‘Middle Brahmaputra’ and ‘Ganges Delta and Plain’ freshwater ecoregions. The new species possesses a unique suite of external and gonopod morphological characters, with the slender and narrowly conical terminal segment of the first male gonopod being particularly diagnostic. A key to the species of Acanthopotamon is provided.
Spatial and Seasonal Distribution of Forensically Important Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Williams K A , Villet M H 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe seasonal activity of adults of eight forensically important blow fly species [Calliphora croceipalpis (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Jaennicke, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), L. cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. marginalis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)] was quantified from collections in Makhanda, South Africa. Flies were collected in traps baited with chicken liver and placed in the field at eight locations for four consecutive days each fortnight for 14 mo. The seasonal distribution of each species compared well to published seasonal distributions of these blow flies elsewhere in South Africa, with evidence of year-to-year variation within seasons that might be explained by weather. This information is important for determining when and where certain species are likely to occur and will be of use in forensic investigations and myiasis management plans.
Potential Successes and Challenges of Targeted Cancer Therapies
Authors: Keefe Dorothy M K , Bateman Emma H 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe concept and realization of targeted anticancer therapy (TAT) have existed for at least two decades and continue to expand rapidly. It has become clear that there is no “magic bullet” to cure cancer and that even TATs are unlikely to be successful as single agents, necessitating combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or even other targeting agents. The other promise that has not been fulfilled by TAT is that of reduced toxicity. It was thought that by targeting receptors on or within cells, rather than particular phases of the cell cycle, TATs would not be toxic. However, it turns out that the targets also exist on or within normal cells and that there is even cross-reactivity between receptors on nontarget tissues. All of this results in toxicity, the mechanism of which are the same as the mechanism of action of the drugs, making toxicity reduction or prevention very difficult. This leads to new toxicities with new targeted treatments. Nevertheless, all of the above should not detract from the obvious successes of targeted agents, which have turned several acutely fatal cancers into chronic diseases and rendered some hitherto untreatable cancers into treatable diseases.
Public Attitudes towards Refugees in Germany: What Drives Attitudes towards Refugees in Comparison with Immigrant Workers from European Union Countries?
Authors: Meidert Nadine , Rapp Carolin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The current global refugee crisis puts both refugees and Western societies to the test. The challenges refugees face within their host countries depend on not only situational circumstances, but also the attitudinal climate they confront. A negative public can have severe consequences for refugees’ integration. This article asks two basic questions that have received little attention in previous studies: How do attitudes towards refugees with different flight reasons differ when compared with attitudes towards immigrants from European Union countries? What factors influence those attitudes? These questions are answered for the exemplary case of Germany based on new data from the German General Social Survey, which was conducted during the height of the refugee crisis in mid-2016. Our results reveal that refugees are perceived less positively than European Union immigrants and the origin of this negative perception mainly lies in increased feelings of threat.