bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tournament Horizon: A Marathon or a Sprint? It Depends Upon the Level of Heterogeneity in Ability Among Employees
Authors: Kersting Lee , Marley Robert N. , Mellon Mark J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
When choosing to implement a tournament to improve employee performance, managers may choose between two horizons: a single tournament (grand tournament) or a series of consecutive shorter tournaments (repeated tournament). This study extends prior research by investigating whether the level of heterogeneity in ability among employees competing in a tournament affects their tournament performance. Heterogeneity in ability refers to the degree of task ability variation within a tournament group. We examine tournament groups where the task ability of tournament participants is homogeneous (similar) or heterogeneous (varied). We find when employees' ability is heterogeneous, repeated tournaments yield greater employee performance than in grand tournaments. However, when employees' ability is homogeneous, we find no difference in employee performance between repeated tournaments and grand tournaments. Our results extend the management accounting literature by documenting that the effect of tournament horizon on employee performance depends upon the degree of heterogeneity in ability among employees.
Setting Financial Performance Thresholds, Targets, and Maximums in Bonus Plans
Authors: Merchant Kenneth A. , Stringer Carolyn , Shantapriyan Paul 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
This study uses both archival and field evidence from one multidivisional firm to examine how the three commonly used financial performance standards used to calibrate short-term bonus payouts—thresholds, targets, and maximums—are set. The setting of the standards results from complex negotiating processes. Consistent with prior research, we find that performance targets—the middle parameter—are set to be exceeded by most organizational entities. Contrary to some existing normative theory, actual performance is often outside the incentive zone, which is defined by the range between the maximum and threshold. The reasons for this include desires to raise managers' aspiration levels, concerns about bonus payment affordability, and trade-offs in gaining manager commitment to the standards. Often the target is not in the middle of the incentive zone. We identify three additional factors that provide partial explanations of where and why these standards are set where they are: employee risk mitigation, desire for cross-entity equity, and manager operating style.
Data Availability: Confidentiality agreements prevent the authors from distributing the data.
O MOVIMENTO DE PAIS E MÃES PELA EDUCAÇÃO INTEGRAL EM MANAUS: ARTICULANDO A PESQUISA NOS/DOS/COM OS COTIDIANOS COM A LUTA POR UMA EDUCAÇÃO DE QUALIDADE SOCIALMENTE REFERENCIADA
Authors: Simões Ceane Andrade , Bocchini Ana Gouvea , De Macedo Regina Coeli Moura 
Published: April 2018

Neste texto procuramos discutir a disputa pelo caráter público da educação e suas possibilidades emancipatórias, por meio do registro e da reflexão sobre a trajetória de atuação de um movimento social constituído por pais e mães em Manaus (Coletivo Escola Família Amazonas – CEFA), que vem requerendo um maior espaço de participação na reformulação e implementação da Política Pública de Educação Integral no município junto ao poder público municipal, representado pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação – SME, e nos espaçostempos das escolas públicas.Tal esforço se insere no campo teórico-político-epistemológico das pesquisas nos/dos/com os cotidianos, na perspectiva de dar visibilidade às práticas sociais de natureza emancipatória que estão se desenvolvendo na ampliação da articulação dialógica entre pais e mães-educadores/educadoras-dirigentes da educação pela ofertada de educação integral na rede pública municipal de ensino de Manaus e na busca de “inéditos viáveis”, conforme Paulo Freire, que incorporem a esperança na transformação da educação e na valorização do seu caráter público – em que pese a crise democrática e a retração dos investimentos na educação pública, entre outras questões que estamos atravessando no contexto brasileiro. Mesmo se tratando de um movimento recente e em busca de consolidação, podemos avaliar a atuação desse coletivo de maneira positiva na medida em que busca reposicionar o sentido e a força da participação na educação pública, assentada na vivência democrática e na busca de qualidade da educação socialmente referenciada.
Developing Islamic English Instructional Materials Based on School-Based Curriculum
Authors: Qamariah Zaitun 
Published: April 2018

<p>This study was a research and development (R&amp;D) which is basically aimed at developing English instructional materials based on School-based Curriculum for the first-year students of MAN Model Palangka Raya. This study involved: need analysis, reference study, material development, expert validation, try out (empirical validation), and revision. The data were gathered through observation, questionnaires, interview, and validation technique. The result of the need analysis shows that the students are in need of English instructional materials relevant to their major content needs and school characteristics. However, the existing English instructional materials used by the teachers and the first-grade students of MAN Model Palangka Raya as a senior high school with Islamic feature still served from available published course books which are too general and still do not reflect the need of the students and particular characteristics of the school. English instructional materials developed in this study is intended to develop English instructional materials which could provide a set of instructional materials to accomodate the Islamic characteristics and the needs of the first-year students of MAN Model Palangka Raya. For the purpose, the materials were adopted and adapted from some Islamic textbooks and Islamic reading websites.</p>
The implementation of Moodle platform through lecturer’s perspectives at English department
Authors: Elhawwa Tazkiyatunnafs 
Published: April 2018

<p>Information and Communication Technology is now becoming an essential part of everyday life of most people in the world. This paper analysed the main functionalities and tools available in the Moodle platform and their use through lecturer’s perspectives at English Department of IAIN Palangka Raya. This study belongs to descriptive qualitative research. In the present study, teachers are expected to implement the Moodle platform of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) in EFL classes, and make the Moodle platform of ICT becoming a complement to conventional teaching in EFL classrooms, especially when developing listening, reading and writing skills in English.<strong> </strong>The results showed that the Moodle platform contains some of the main tools of the standard Moodle platform like assignments, chats, forums, news and quiz/survey. The most the students purposes of the use of the Moodle platform were ‘download materials’, ‘news’ and ‘deliver assignments’, and the most used information materials are ‘texts’ and ‘slides’.</p>
Rental and Management Policy of Municipal Residential Buildings: A Case Study in Riga (Part Two)
Authors: Puķīte Iveta , Geipele Ineta , Puķītis Armands 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The scientific publication aims to identify risks in the maintenance of the rental housing stock. Access to housing is an essential precondition for the development and integration of the personality of each individual into society. Despite the rapid development of the state in certain sectors of the economy, the issue of inadequate accessibility and quality of housing for low-income groups of the population is becoming more and more acute. Therefore, one of the state policies is to create an adequate and rational space for all categories of Latvia’s population. The aim of the article is to identify and evaluate the risks of management of rental houses owned by the municipality, their impact on efficient and high-quality maintenance and high-quality maintenance of the housing stock.
Digital Image Steganography Using Bit Flipping
Authors: Sahu Aditya Kumar , Swain Gandharba , Babu E. Suresh 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article proposes bit flipping method to conceal secret data in the original image. Here a block consists of 2 pixels and thereby flipping one or two LSBs of the pixels to hide secret information in it. It exists in two variants. Variant-1 and Variant-2 both use 7th and 8th bit of a pixel to conceal the secret data. Variant-1 hides 3 bits per a pair of pixels and the Variant-2 hides 4 bits per a pair of pixels. Our proposed method notably raises the capacity as well as bits per pixel that can be hidden in the image compared to existing bit flipping method. The image steganographic parameters such as, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), hiding capacity, and the Quality Index (Q.I) of the proposed techniques has been compared with the results of the existing bit flipping technique and some of the state of art article.
Remediation Potential of Forest Forming Tree Species Within Northern Steppe Reclamation Stands
Authors: Zverkovskyy Vasiliy M. , Sytnyk Svitlana A. , Lovynska Viktoriia M. , Kharytonov Mykola M. , Lakyda Ivan P. , Mykolenko Svitlana Yu. , Pardini Giovanni , Margui Eva , Gispert Maria 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the features of accumulation of heavy metals by assimilation apparatus of coniferous and deciduous arboreous plants. The research identified excess of factual concentrations for Arsenic in mining rock in relation to values stated in IPC (indicative permissible concentrations). It is stated that the metals can be divided into three groups according to their absolute content in unit of foliage biomass. The element of excessive concentration is Mn, medium concentration is characteristic for Pb and Zn and low concentration is observed for Sb, Cr, As, Cu, Ni and Sn. Calculation of coefficient of biological accumulation of the metals under research has shown its high values for Crimean pine. The data presented for Black locust indicate low values of coefficient of biological accumulation, which is best noticeable for Chromium, Antimony and Tin. It is determined that a small amount of Sb and Sn are a subject to uptake by Black locust leaves, whilst for Crimean pine needles, Sb and As are characterised by the lowest inflow. The average content of lead is 209.11 kg·ha−1 for Crimean pine in all age groups of trees, whilst for Black locust, this index is only 15.52 kg·ha−1, which is 13.5 times less. Zinc accumulation is better performed by Black locust leaves, and it gradually decreases with increasing age. No definite trend of redistribution and subsequent accumulation of copper depending on tree species and age was found.
Acceleration of Digital Transformation as a Result of Launching Programs Financed from Public Funds: Assessment of the Implementation of the Operational Program Digital Poland
Authors: Moroz Miroslaw 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The main purpose of the paper is to assess the current implementation of the Operational Program Digital Poland in terms of coherence with the trends of digital transformation. The Operational Program Digital Poland (OPDP) is one of the programs financed from public funds, which is directly targeted at the development of the digital economy in Poland. At the end of 2017, the implementation of the program is at the halfway point, which gives the premise to reflect on the degree of convergence of goals and program implementation with the trends of digital transformation. The research methodology is based on the analysis of secondary sources and participant observation. The results of the analysis show that the results of actions undertaken under the OPDP in principle indirectly contribute to the progressing trend of digitization of the Polish economy. The structure of expenditures under the OPDP testifies to the relative shallow rooting of the digital transformation or, more broadly, the digital economy in Poland.
The Spring Assessment of Nosema Spp. Infection in Honey Bee Colonies (Apis mellifera L.) - Sampling as an Important Aspect of a Reliable Diagnosis
Authors: Pohorecka Krystyna , Bober Andrzej , Skubida Marta , Zdańska Dagmara 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The objective of the research was a comparative assessment of the infection levels of Nosema spp. in honey bees collected from different areas of the hive. A total of 588 honey bee colonies were sampled in spring (April-May) 2015 and 2016 through the simultaneous collection of dead worker bees from the bottom board of the hive and live bees from peripheral combs. A microscopic assay of composite samples of 60 bees was used for the detection and quantification of Nosema spp. spores. Consistent positive results of laboratory tests (detection of Nosema spp. spores in both live and dead bee samples) were achieved for 28% of colonies from surveyed group. In 36% of colonies both types of samples were Nosema-negative. Spores of Nosema spp. were detected solely in worker bees from the bottom board or exclusively in bees from nests in every 18% of sampled colonies. No differences were found between the share of colonies that had been identified as Nosema-infected on the basis of an analysis of only the live or dead bees (46% versus 46%). Laboratory examination of both types of bee samples can improve the reliability and accuracy of spore counting for the diagnosis of Nosema spp. infection in spring. The introduction of this sampling strategy in routine laboratory diagnostics can be considered as an alternative to the application of more sensitive PCR methods or sampling a higher number of live bees.
Effect of the content complexity on hesitations in adolescents’ narratives
Authors: Ovchinnikova Irina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper presents analysis of the hesitations in adolescents’ narratives. The speech disfluencies in the adolescents differ from those of the adults by frequency of self-corrections and pauses of hesitation. The adolescents rarely turn to repair their narratives but often interrupt the speech flow by pauses while telling a story stimulated by a wordless book. The lack of self-corrections reflects the specific problems with self-control and self-regulation due to immaturity of the executive function. Narrating about a complex multi-propositional event, the adolescents often experienced hesitation that provoked more self-repairs and hesitation pauses compared to the telling the story about a simple event. The description of the relatively simple content was more complicated syntactically than that of the multi-propositional event. Meanwhile, the content complexity significantly influences frequency of the silent hesitation pauses.
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET (IOS) SEBAGAI PEMODERASI PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS DAN KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN UTANG
Authors: Rahayu AA Putri , Yasa Gerianta Wirawan 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap kebijakan utang yang di moderasi oleh Investment Opportunity Set (IOS). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2012-2014. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 126 perusahaan, dengan metode penentuan sampel purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap kebijakan utang. Kepemilikan manajerial berpengaruh negatif terhadap kebijakan utang. Investment opportunity set (IOS) tidak mampu memperkuat pengaruh negatif profitabilitas terhadap kebijakan utang. Investment opportunity set (IOS) memperlemah pengaruh negatif kepemilikan manajerial terhadap kebijakan utang.
Pengaruh Good Governance dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial Penyelenggara Pemerintahan Desa di Kabupaten Badung
Authors: Widasari Kadek Indah , Dwija Putri I Gusti Ayu Made Asri 
Published: April 2018

Pengesahan UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang desa merupakan salah satu perwujudan program presiden yaitu Nawa Cita prioritas ketiga yang menyatakan membangun Indonesia dimulai dari pinggiran dengan memperkuat daerah-daerah dan desa dalam suatu kerangka negara kesatuan. Pada kenyataannya penerapannya masih banyak ditemukan kelemahan-kelemahan penyelenggara pemerintahan desa dalam menjalankan amanat dari UU No. 6 Tahun 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh Good Governance, dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja manajerial penyelenggara pemerintahan desa di Kabupaten Badung. Kabupaten Badung memiliki jumlah desa sebanyak 46 desa dengan penentuan sampel menggunakan probability sampling dengan teknik Slovin. Responden penelitian antara lain Kepala Desa, Sekretaris Desa, Kaur Keuangan, Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) dan Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LPM) di masing- masing desa di Kabupaten Badung dengan jumlah responden 80 orang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Good Governance dan Budaya Organisasi berpengaruh positif terhadap Kinerja Manajerial Penyelenggara Pemerintahan Desa di Kabupaten Badung.
Kata kunci : Good Governance, budaya organisasi, kinerja manajerial.
METÁFORA E SÍMBOLO: A ESTÉTICA DO SAGRADO NA LINGUAGEM POÉTICA
Authors: Silva Leyla Thays Brito da 
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discorrer sobre a representação do sagrado na linguagem poética. Para o conceito de sagrado, adotamos a proposição do filósofo Georges Bataille, em sua obra L'Expérience Intérieure, na qual o autor localiza a matéria sagrada em dimensões da experiência humana, que são inapreensíveis racionalmente. Parado-xalmente, a poesia, ao se utilizar de signos especiais, como a metáfora e o símbolo, procura acessar essas zonas misteriosas da existência. Para entendermos o funcionamento dos signos poéticos, utilizamo-nos da hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur, a partir da obra Teoria da Interpretação, em que o autor expõe, por um lado, a formulação lógico-discursiva da metáfora e, por outro, os enigmas e sombras do símbolo, que é marcado por características não-semânticas, as quais apontam os elementos sagrados de sua composição. A partir da análise de alguns textos poéticos, buscaremos identificar como se dá o processo poético conflituoso de encontro e também de impossibilidade de um alcance absoluto do sagrado.
COMO O PLANO DE REABILITAÇÃO PARTICIPATIVO DO CENTRO ANTIGO DE SALVADOR TRATA A QUESTÃO DA “INFORMALIDADE”?
Authors: Nascimento Jùnior Manoel Maria do 
Published: April 2018

<div><p class="Corpodotextonoindent">Este artigo pretende fazer uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos sobre os temas da “informalidade”, da economia popular e da economia social solidária, para, posteriormente, analisar como o Governo da Bahia, através de seu Plano de Reabilitação Participativo do Centro Antigo de Salvador, trata do tema. A esta análise se somam algumas observações pessoais do autor, que, desde 2007, trabalha como assessor jurídico e mobilizador social junto às comunidades da 7a Etapa de revitalização do Pelourinho e da Chácara Santo Antônio, e tem acompanhado o processo de gentrificação do Centro de Salvador. </p></div>
ENTREVISTA COM MARIA LUCIA FATTORELLI1
Authors: Fattorelli Maria Lúcia 
Published: April 2018

<p>A partir da deposição da presidente eleita em 2014, Dilma Roussef, o governo federal vem aplicando um programa radicalmente neoliberal, cuja gestão da economia está centrada no corte de gastos públicos não financeiros, justificado por uma crise fiscal que estaria associada, sobretudo, ao excesso de gastos com políticas sociais dos últimos governos, que teriam ultrapassado a capacidade de arrecadação da União. Neste sentido, um conjunto de reformas estruturais, que retiram direitos assegurados na Constituição de 1988, vem sendo impostas à população. As justificativas apresentadas para tais reformas têm sido largamente contestadas por economistas e políticos de oposição e a Auditoria Cidadã da Dívida tem se destacado neste debate, fundamentando seus argumentos com dados oficiais e estimativas neles baseadas sobre a composição dos gastos públicos e sobre os impactos da reforma da Constituição que congela os gastos não financeiros do governo federal durante 20 anos sobre as políticas sociais. Nesta entrevista, Maria Lucia Fatorelli responde a questões sobre a dívida pública brasileira e a sua gestão e alerta para as mudanças recentes voltadas para a securitização de créditos, as quais constituem um esquema financeiro com risco de aniquilamento das finanças públicas e comprometimento das futuras gerações.</p>
ENHANCING OF PRESERVICE CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY THROUGH THE PREPARATION OF PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE IN VOCATIONAL CONTEXT
Authors: Wiyarsi Antuni 
Published: April 2018

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) development of appropriate chemistry in vocational context is necessary to prepare the capability of pre-service chemistry teachers in designing effective chemistry learning in vocational schools. This study aims to assess the self-efficacy pre-service chemistry teachers by the learning based on PCK development in vocational context. Pretest-posttest control group design was used in these research. The results showed that the PCK development strategy in the vocational context is able to increase self-efficacy of pre-service chemistry teachers. Most of pre-service chemistry teachers have increased self-efficacy, although some of pre-service teachers have decreased self-efficacy. The main implication of this research is the need for restructuring of the curriculum for pre-service chemistry teacher education programs that are more concerned with professional development in the context of vocational schools
METODE FIELD TRIP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP FISIKA DAN MENGAKSES KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS
Authors: Ubaidillah Mujib 
Published: April 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep fisika dan mengakses keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa tadris biologi melalui metode field trip. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen quasi dengan pretest-postest control group. Sampel penelitian ini mahasiswa tadris biologi A dan B semester 1 IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon. Instrumen penelitian berupa soal tes dan lembar penilaian keterampilan proses sains. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman konsep fisika mahasiswa kelas eksperimen berbeda signifikan dengan kelas kontrol. Kemampuan pemahaman konsep kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari pada kemampuan keterampilan kelas kontol. Metode field trip dapat mengakses keterampilan proses sains.
BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC FACTOR MODELS USING MULTIVARIATE T DISTRIBUTION
Authors: ANDRADE Larissa Ribeiro de , FERREIRA Daniel Furtado , SÁFADI Thelma , BARROSO Lúcia Pereira 
Published: April 2018

The multivariate t models are symmetric and have heavier tail than the normal distribution and produce robust inference procedures for applications. In this paper, the Bayesian estimation of a dynamic factor model is presented, where the factors follow a multivariate autoregressive model, using the multivariate t distribution. Since the multivariate t distribution is complex, it was represented in this work as a mix of the multivariate normal distribution and a square root of a chi-square distribution. This method allowed the complete dene of all the posterior distributions. The inference on the parameters was made taking a sample of the posterior distribution through a Gibbs Sampler. The convergence was veried through graphical analysis and the convergence diagnostics of Geweke (1992) and Raftery and Lewis (1992).