bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verplichte bemiddeling: logische verdere bouwsteen voor alternatieve geschillenoplossing in België?
Authors: Jaspers Céline 
Published: September 2018

Mandatory mediation: a further logical building block for alternative dispute resolution in Belgium?
Recently, a new law with articles concerning mandatory mediation was approved in Belgium. From January 1st, 2019, the judge will be able to refer parties to mediation on a mandatory basis. This article considers if mandatory mediation is a realistic and feasible track in Belgium, focusing on the evolution of alternative dispute resolution in Belgium and in the European Union. The first part will define mediation in Belgium, followed by an analysis of the articles concerning mandatory mediation of the newly passed law. The article will also have a gander at Belgian legal developments to see which initiatives have already been taken towards mandatory dispute resolution. To conclude, an assessment is made if mandatory mediation is a realistic and feasible track in light of the existing evolutions of ADR in Belgium.
Aluminum Foil Lattice Method for Characterizing Performance of Bath-Type Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Equipment
Authors: Chen Zhibang , Huang Lina , Yi Lezhou , Mai Xiaoxia , Li Hanke , Li Qiong , Ma Tongmei 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background: Bath-type ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) has been developed as one of the most important sample pretreatment methods, especially for batch-sample pretreatment. So far, however, requirements for the performance of bath-type UAE equipment have not been standardized, nor has a suitable evaluation method that can be used to judge the feasibility of ultrasonic equipment for extraction been presented in the available regulations or standards. Objective: A simple and efficient method that can be used to evaluate the performance of bath-type UAE equipment is necessary to be proposed and established. Methods: First, distribution of a sound field in ultrasonic equipment was measured by acoustimeter and the dyeing method, through which influencing factors including frequency, preheating time, and output power of the equipment, as well as the horizontal and vertical position for locating the sample in the equipment, were investigated, and optimized parameters for extraction were achieved. Then, through the aluminum foil lattice method, by calculating the perforated rate of the aluminum foil, cavitation intensity of the ultrasonic equipment can be quantitatively determined. Results: With the optimized working conditions and by selecting appropriate parameters for the aluminum foil, perforated holes formed on the foil displayed a good pattern. Further validation experiments indicated conformity between the established method and the actual extraction effect of the ultrasonic equipment, proposing a suitable requirement for the cavitation effect of the bath-type UAE equipment. Conclusions: The aluminum foil lattice method has been proved to be simple, convenient, inexpensive, and reliable for quickly evaluating the extraction performance of bath-type UAE equipment.
Effects of macroalgae loss in an Antarctic marine food web: applying extinction thresholds to food web studies
Authors: Cordone Georgina , Marina Tomás I. , Salinas Vanesa , Doyle Santiago R. , Saravia Leonardo A. , Momo Fernando R. 
Published: September 2018

Antarctica is seriously affected by climate change, particularly at the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) where a rapid regional warming is observed. Potter Cove is a WAP fjord at Shetland Islands that constitutes a biodiversity hotspot where over the last years, Potter Cove annual air temperatures averages increased by 0.66 °C, coastal glaciers declined, and suspended particulate matter increased due to ice melting. Macroalgae are the main energy source for all consumers and detritivores of Potter Cove. Some effects of climate change favor pioneer macroalgae species that exploit new ice-free areas and can also decline rates of photosynthesis and intensify competition between species due to the increase of suspended particulate matter. In this study, we evaluated possible consequences of climate change at Potter Cove food web by simulating the extinction of macroalgae and detritus using a topological approach with thresholds of extinction. Thresholds represent the minimum number of incoming links necessary for species’ survival. When we simulated the extinctions of macroalgae species at random, a threshold of extinction beyond 50% was necessary to obtain a significant number of secondary extinctions, while with a 75% threshold a real collapse of the food web occurred. Our results indicate that Potter Cove food web is relative robust to macroalgae extinction. This is dramatically different from what has been found in other food webs, where the reduction of 10% in prey intake caused a disproportionate increase of secondary extinctions. Robustness of the Potter Cove food web was mediated by omnivory and redundancy, which had an important relevance in this food web. When we eliminated larger-biomass species more secondary extinctions occurred, a similar response was observed when more connected species were deleted, yet there was no correlation between species of larger-biomass and high-degree. This similarity could be explained because both criteria involved key species that produced an emerging effect on the food web. In this way, large-biomass and high-degree species could be acting as source for species with few trophic interactions or low redundancy. Based on this work, we expect the Potter Cove food web to be robust to changes in macroalgae species caused by climate change until a high threshold of stress is reached, and then negative effects are expected to spread through the entire food web leading to its collapse.
A close relative of the Amazon river dolphin in marine deposits: a new Iniidae from the late Miocene of Angola
Authors: Lambert Olivier , Auclair Camille , Cauxeiro Cirilo , Lopez Michel , Adnet Sylvain 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundA few odontocetes (echolocating toothed cetaceans) have been able to independently colonize freshwater ecosystems. Although some extant species of delphinids (true dolphins) and phocoenids (porpoises) at least occasionally migrate upstream of large river systems, they have close relatives in fully marine regions. This contrasts with the three odontocete families only containing extant species with a strictly freshwater habitat (Iniidae in South America, the recently extinct Lipotidae in China, and Platanistidae in southeast Asia). Among those, the fossil record of Iniidae includes taxa from freshwater deposits of South America, partly overlapping geographically with the extant Amazon river dolphinInia geoffrensis, whereas a few marine species from the Americas were only tentatively referred to the family, leaving the transition from a marine to freshwater environment poorly understood.MethodsBased on a partial odontocete skeleton including the cranium, discovered in late Miocene (Tortonian-Messinian) marine deposits near the estuary of the Cuanza River, Angola, we describe a new large iniid genus and species. The new taxon is compared to other extinct and extant iniids, and its phylogenetic relationships with the latter are investigated through cladistic analysis.Results and DiscussionThe new genus and speciesKwanzacetus khoisanishares a series of morphological features withInia geoffrensis, including the combination of a frontal boss with nasals being lower on the anterior wall of the vertex, the laterally directed postorbital process of the frontal, the anteroposterior thickening of the nuchal crest, and robust teeth with wrinkled enamel. As confirmed (although with a low support) with the phylogenetic analysis, this makes the new taxon the closest relative ofI. geoffrensisfound in marine deposits. The geographic provenance ofK. khoisani, on the eastern coast of South Atlantic, suggests that the transition from the marine environment to a freshwater, Amazonian habitat may have occurred on the Atlantic side of South America. This new record further increases the inioid diversity during the late Miocene, a time interval confirmed here as the heyday for this superfamily. Finally, this first description of a Neogene cetacean from inland deposits of western sub-Saharan Africa reveals the potential of this large coastal area for deciphering key steps of the evolutionary history of modern cetaceans in the South Atlantic.
Structure of Asp‐bound peptidase E from Salmonella enterica: Active site at dimer interface illuminates Asp recognition
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Goyal Venuka Durani , Gaur Neeraj K. , Kumar Ashwani , Gokhale Sadashiv M. , Makde Ravindra D. 
Published: September 2018

Peptidase‐E, a nonclassical serine peptidase, is specific for dipeptides with an N‐terminal aspartate. This stringent substrate specificity remains largely unexplained. We report an aspartate‐bound structure of peptidase‐E at 1.83 Å resolution. In contrast to previous reports, the enzyme forms a dimer, and the active site is located at the dimer interface, well shielded from the solvent. Our findings further suggest that the stringent aspartate specificity of the enzyme is due to electrostatics and molecular complementarity in the active site. The new structural information presented herein may provide insights into the role of functionally important residues in peptidase‐E.
Novel CSF biomarkers to discriminate FTLD and its pathological subtypes
Authors: del Campo Marta , Galimberti Daniela , Elias Naura , Boonkamp Lynn , Pijnenburg Yolande A. , van Swieten John C. , Watts Kelly , Paciotti Silvia , Beccari Tommaso , Hu William , Teunissen Charlotte E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveFrontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most prevalent dementia in young patients and is characterized by the presence of two main protein aggregates in the brain, tau (FTLD‐Tau) or TDP43 (FTLD‐TDP), which likely require distinct pharmacological therapy. However, specific diagnosis of FTLD and its subtypes remains challenging due to largely overlapping clinical phenotypes. Here, we aimed to assess the clinical performance of novel cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for discrimination of FTLD and its pathological subtypes.MethodsYKL40, FABP4, MFG‐E8, and the activities of catalase and specific lysosomal enzymes were analyzed in patients with FTLD‐TDP (n = 30), FTLD‐Tau (n = 20), AD (n = 30), DLB (n = 29), and nondemented controls (n = 29) obtained from two different centers. Models were validated in an independent CSF cohort (n = 188).ResultsYKL40 and catalase activity were increased in FTLD‐TDP cases compared to controls. YKL40 levels were also higher in FTLD‐TDP compared to FTLD‐Tau. We identified biomarker models able to discriminate FTLD from nondemented controls (MFG‐E8, tTau, and Aβ42; 78% sensitivity and 83% specificity) and non‐FTLD dementia (YKL40, pTau, p/tTau ratio, and age; 90% sensitivity, 78% specificity), which were validated in an independent cohort. In addition, we identified a biomarker model differentiating FTLD‐TDP from FTLD‐Tau (YKL40, MFGE‐8, βHexA together with βHexA/tHex and p/tTau ratios and age) with 80% sensitivity and 82% specificity.InterpretationThis study identifies CSF protein signatures distinguishing FTLD and the two main pathological subtypes with optimal accuracy (specificity/sensitivity > 80%). Validation of these models may allow appropriate selection of cases for clinical trials targeting the accumulation of Tau or TDP43, thereby increasing their efficiency and facilitating the development of successful therapies.
Silver‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Three‐Component Selective Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Selenides
Authors: Leng Tao , Wu Ge , Zhou Yun‐Bing , Gao Wenxia , Ding Jinchang , Huang Xiaobo , Liu Miaochang , Wu Huayue 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA convenient, multi‐component reaction of organoboronic acids, selenium powder and epoxides has been developed, providing an efficient protocol for the synthesis of β‐hydroxy selenides with excellent selectivity and good functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through the silver‐catalyzed radical selenation of the arylboronic acids to generate a diselenide, and subsequent selenium‐mediated selective ring‐opening arylselenation of epoxides.magnified image
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Annulation of Propargylic Alcohols with (Z)‐2‐Styryl‐1H‐Indoles
Authors: Li Xue‐Song , Han Ya‐Ping , Zhu Xin‐Yu , Xia Yu , Wei Wan‐Xu , Li Ming , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA novel copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate‐catalyzed intermolecular cascade annulation strategy for the construction of a great variety of pentacyclic compounds possessing valuable carbazole fragments was developed employing propargylic alcohols and (Z)‐2‐styryl‐1H‐indoles as the initial substrates. This protocol, which entails a sequential Meyer‐Schuster rearrangement/isomerization/‐cyclization cascade, enables facile and atom‐economical access to various pentacyclic compounds with broad functional‐group tolerance in good yields under mild conditions. The conversion could be efficiently scaled up to gram quantities, accentuating a potential application of this work.magnified image
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Chlorosulfonylative Cyclizations of 1,6‐Enynes
Authors: Hou Hong , Li Hengxue , Xu Yue , Song Chuanqi , Wang Chunling , Shi Yaocheng , Han Ying , Yan Chaoguo , Zhu Shaoqun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDescribed herein is a visible‐light‐mediated atom‐transfer radical cyclization (ATRC) using 1,6‐enynes as substrates. The sulfonyl chlorides not only served as sulfonyl radical sources but also provided a chlorine atom to enable the formation of highly functionalized cyclic products. This visible‐light‐mediated photocatalytic method is a mild and practical strategy for synthesizing chloroalkyl‐substituted cyclic alkenyl sulfones.magnified image
Diffusion in Ni–Zr Melts: Insights from Statistical Mechanics and Atomistic Modeling
Authors: Kromik Andreas , Levchenko Elena V. , Massobrio Carlo , Evteev Alexander V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn accurate database of diffusion properties of Ni–Zr melts is generated within the framework of the molecular‐dynamics method in conjunction with a semi‐empirical many‐body interatomic potential. The reliability of the model description of Ni–Zr melts is confirmed via comparison of the simulation results with the existing experimental data on diffusion properties of Ni–Zr melts. A statistical mechanical formalism is employed to understand the behavior of the cross‐correlation between the interdiffusion flux and the force caused by the difference in the average random accelerations of atoms of different species in the short time limit . This theoretical description is exploited to analyze the simulation data on the diffusion properties of Ni–Zr melts. On this basis, it is found that in the composition range both single‐particle and collective diffusion dynamics slow down homogeneously upon undercooling of Ni–Zr melts. Furthermore, it is inferred that such homogeneous dynamical slowdown is related to the enhanced stability of undercooled melt against crystallization. As a consequence, Ni–Zr alloys within this composition range are identified as viable glass formers.
Room‐Temperature Liquid Na–K Anode Membranes
Authors: Xue Leigang , Zhou Weidong , Xin Sen , Gao Hongcai , Li Yutao , Zhou Aijun , Goodenough John B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Na–K alloy is a liquid at 25 °C over a large compositional range. The liquid alloy is also immiscible in the organic‐liquid electrolytes of an alkali‐ion rechargeable battery, providing dendrite‐free liquid alkali‐metal batteries with a liquid–liquid anode‐electrolyte interface at room temperature. The two liquids are each immobilized in a porous matrix. In previous work, the porous matrix used to immobilize the alloy was a carbon paper that is wet by the alloy at 420 °C; the alloy remains in the paper at room temperature. Here we report a room‐temperature vacuum infiltration of the alloy into a porous Cu or Al membrane and a reversible stripping/plating of the liquid alloy with the immobilized organic‐liquid electrolyte; no self‐diacharge is observed since the liquid Na–K does not dissolve into the liquid carbonate electrolytes. The preparation and stripping/plating of the liquid alkali‐metal anode can both now be done safely at room temperature.
A novel nacre matrix protein hic24 inHyriopsis cumingiiis essential for calcium carbonate nucleation and involved in pearl formation
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Liu Zhenming , Jin Can , Li Haoran , Li Jia‐Le 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMatrix proteins play important roles in molluscan shell biomineralization, which helps in the understanding of mechanisms associated with pearl formation. In this study, we characterized the gene encoding a novel shell‐matrix protein,hic24, inHyriopsis cumingiiand investigated its structure and function. The full cDNA sequence ofhic24is 756 bp, with an open reading frame of 654 bp encoding 217 amino acids, including a signal peptide of 18 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that the protein is ∼23.5 kDa, and that Gly accounted for 11.5% of the total amino acid content. Secondary structure prediction indicated a structure comprised predominantly by β‐folds. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction andin situhybridization indicated thathic24is expressed in the dorsal epithelial cells of the mantle, indicating hic24 as a nacreous‐layer matrix protein. Additionally,hic24expression patterns during pearl biomineralization showed that hic24 regulates the growth of the later nacreous layer. After attenuating hic24 expression by RNA interference in the mantle, we observed that hic24 plays a role in biomineralization of the shell nacre by inhibiting calcium carbonate nucleation.
Reliability based optimization of fiber reinforced elastomeric bearings
Authors: Ruano Pablo Castillo , Apostolidi Eftychia , Strauss Alfred 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeismic isolation achieved by placing a flexible layer between the structure to protect and the foundation has proven to reduce the seismic demand. Recently fiber reinforced elastomeric bearings (FREBs) consisting of alternating layers of elastomeric material and carbon or fiber glass fabric have awakened interest as a replacement for the conventional steel reinforced elastomeric bearings (SREBs). FREBs bring advantages as a reduction of production and transport costs, while maintaining a high bearing capacity. In the current work, an automated workflow for optimizing both the costs and bearing capacity is presented. The methodology includes using design of experiments techniques to reduce computation cost, building metamodels based on the generated data, optimizing the multi‐objective problem, validating the optimal model and finally using reliability based design optimization to find the optimal solution under uncertainty. Design variables and constraints, as well as a composite objective function that minimizes the production and transport costs and maximizes the vertical stiffness have been defined. The presented method can serve as basis for the extension of the problem to assess the horizontal performance of FREBs.
Effect of radiotherapy for rectal cancer on ovarian androgen production
Authors: Segelman J , Buchli C , Svanström Röjvall A , Matthiessen P , Arver S , Bottai M , Ahlberg M , Jasuja R , Flöter-Rådestad A , Martling A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
The impact of radiotherapy (RT) for rectal cancer on ovarian androgen production is unknown. The aim was to examine the effect of RT for rectal cancer on androgen levels in non-oophorectomized women and the association with female sexual desire.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included women who had surgery for rectal cancer with or without RT. Serum testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) levels were assessed at baseline, after RT and 1 year after surgery. Sexual desire was assessed by means of the Female Sexual Function Index.

Results
Twenty-seven participants had surgery alone (RT– group) and 98 had preoperative RT and surgery (RT+ group). During the first year after surgery, median serum testosterone and free testosterone levels decreased from 0·6 (range 0·1–3·6) to 0·5 (0·1–2·3) nmol/l (P &lt; 0·001) and from 9·1 (1·6–45·8) to 7·9 (1·4–22·7) pmol/l (P &lt; 0·001) respectively in the RT+ group, but did not change in the RT– group. Longitudinal regression analysis confirmed a decrease in testosterone and free testosterone after RT. The adjusted change in androstenedione and DHEA-S was not significant in any group. The mean change in testosterone (odds ratio (OR) 2·74, 95 per cent c.i. 1·06 to 7·11; P = 0·038), free testosterone (OR 1·08, 1·02 to 1·15; P = 0·011), androstenedione (OR 1·52, 1·07 to 2·16; P = 0·019) and DHEA-S (OR 0·49, 0·27 to 0·89; P = 0·019) was related to change in sexual desire.

Conclusion
RT decreased levels of androgens predominantly derived from the ovaries, whereas androgens of mainly adrenal origin remained unchanged. Reduction in ovarian androgens may be associated with reduced sexual desire.
GC–MS analysis of terpenes from Sicilian Pistacia vera L. oleoresin. A source of biologically active compounds
Authors: Napoli Edoardo , Gentile Davide , Ruberto Giuseppe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe genus Pistacia includes different species diffused worldwide able to produce oleoresins used in several folk medicines. Oleoresins are phytocomplexes exudate from the trunk of plants and possess several biological properties thanks to the simultaneous presence of essential oils, di‐ and triterpenes and phenols. Pistacia vera L. oleoresin chemical composition is not well known owing a lack of studies compared with other Pistacia species. The aim of this work was to report the terpenes profile of this phytocomplex collected in Sicily (Italy) by means of GC–FID and GC–MS analysis of its essential oil and less volatile fractions. Results show that this profile is peculiar and different from the other Pistacia species mainly in terms of relative percentages of its components. α‐Pinene is the main compound of the essential oil, while dammarane and tirucallene derivatives are the main triterpenes identified in the less volatile fractions. This work represents the first complete terpenoidic chemical profile of the oleoresin of P. vera L. and should be considered as a first step for a deeper evaluation of biological properties and future application of this phytocomplex.
Novel Podophyllotoxin Derivatives as Potential Tubulin Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity Evaluation
Authors: Han Hong‐Wei , Lin Hong‐Yan , He De‐Liu , Ren Yao , Sun Wen‐Xue , Liang Li , Du Mei‐Hang , Li Deng‐Chao , Chu Yi‐Chun , Yang Min‐Kai , Wang Xiao‐Ming , Yang Yong‐Hua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA number of podophyllotoxin derivatives (3A–3J) had been designed and synthesized, and their biological activities were evaluated in this study. Moreover, the antiproliferation activities of these compounds against four human cancer cell lines (HepG2, HeLa, A549, and MCF‐7) were also tested. The results indicated that the most promising compound 3D displayed potent inhibitory activity over the four human cancer cell lines and was further demonstrated to have potent tubulin polymerization inhibitory effects without damaging the non‐cancer cells. Additionally, 3D was verified to effectively interfere with tubulin and could prevent the mitosis of cancer cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and eventually inducing apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Moreover, the Western blotting and siRNA results showed that Bcl‐2 was downregulated in HepG2 cells treated with 3D. Finally, the molecular docking simulation results revealed that 3D could fit well in the colchicine‐binding pocket. Taken together, this study has provided certain novel antitubulin agents for possible cancer chemotherapy.