bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedside placement of ventricular access devices under local anaesthesia in neonates with posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus: preliminary experience
Authors: van Lindert Erik J. , Liem K. Djien , Geerlings Martin , Delye Hans 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in preterm infants is primarily treated using temporising measures, of which the placement of a ventricular access device (VAD) is one option. Permanent shunt dependency rates are high, though vary widely. In order to improve the treatment burden and lower shunt dependency rates, we implemented several changes over the years. One of these changes involves the setting of the surgery from general anaesthesia in the OR to local anaesthesia in bed at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which may seem counterintuitive to many. In this article, we describe our surgical technique and present the results of this regimen and compare it to our previous techniques.

Methods
Retrospective study of a consecutive series of 37 neonates with posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) treated using a VAD, with a cohort I (n = 13) treated from 2004 to 2008 under general anaesthesia in the OR, cohort II (n = 11) treated from 2009 to 2013 under general anaesthesia in the NICU and cohort III (n = 13) treated from December 2013 to December 2017 under local anaesthesia on the NICU.

Results
The overall infection rate was 14%; the VAD revision rate was 22% and did not differ significantly between the cohorts. Procedures under local anaesthesia never required conversion to general anaesthesia and were well tolerated. After an average of 33 tapping days, 38% of the neonates received a permanent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The permanent VP shunt rate was 9% with VAD placement under local anaesthesia and 52% when performed under general anaesthesia (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Bedside placement of VADs for PHVD under local anaesthesia in neonates is a low-risk, well-tolerated procedure that results in at least equal results to surgery performed under general anaesthesia and/or performed in an OR.
Resistance is futile: RNA-sequencing reveals differing responses to bat fungal pathogen in Nearctic Myotis lucifugus and Palearctic Myotis myotis
Authors: Lilley Thomas M. , Prokkola Jenni M. , Blomberg Anna S. , Paterson Steve , Johnson Joseph S. , Turner Gregory G. , Bartonička Tomáš , Bachorec Erik , Reeder DeeAnn M. , Field Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Resistance and tolerance allow organisms to cope with potentially life-threatening pathogens. Recently introduced pathogens initially induce resistance responses, but natural selection favors the development of tolerance, allowing for a commensal relationship to evolve. Mycosis by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, causing white-nose syndrome (WNS) in Nearctic hibernating bats, has resulted in population declines since 2006. The pathogen, which spread from Europe, has infected species of Palearctic Myotis for a longer period. We compared ecologically relevant responses to the fungal infection in the susceptible Nearctic M. lucifugus and less susceptible Palearctic M. myotis, to uncover factors contributing to survival differences in the two species. Samples were collected from euthermic bats during arousal from hibernation, a naturally occurring phenomenon, during which transcriptional responses are activated. We compared the whole-transcriptome responses in wild bats infected with P. destructans hibernating in their natural habitat. Our results show dramatically different local transcriptional responses to the pathogen between uninfected and infected samples from the two species. Whereas we found 1526 significantly upregulated or downregulated transcripts in infected M. lucifugus, only one transcript was downregulated in M. myotis. The upregulated response pathways in M. lucifugus include immune cell activation and migration, and inflammatory pathways, indicative of an unsuccessful attempt to resist the infection. In contrast, M. myotis appears to tolerate P. destructans infection by not activating a transcriptional response. These host-microbe interactions determine pathology, contributing to WNS susceptibility, or commensalism, promoting tolerance to fungal colonization during hibernation that favors survival.

Graphic abstract
Evaluation of a laboratory-developed test for simultaneous detection of norovirus and rotavirus by real-time RT-PCR on the Panther Fusion® system
Authors: Kulis-Horn Robert K. , Tiemann Carsten 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Hologic Panther Fusion® Open Access™ functionality allows implementation of laboratory-developed tests (LDTs), with fully automated sample extraction, real-time PCR, and result interpretation. We report the development and validation of a multiplex LDT for norovirus G1, norovirus G2, and rotavirus from stool samples on this system. The LDT was optimized for primer and probe sequences, salt concentration, and PCR annealing temperature. Reproducibility of the PCR and extraction process was assessed. Performance of the multiplex LDT assay was evaluated with external quality assessment (EQA) samples and compared to a commercial multiplex assay (Allplex™ GI-Virus Assay, Seegene) in clinical samples. Salt concentrations and annealing/extension temperature were optimized to 4 mM MgCl2, 70 mM KCl, 20 mM Tris, and 60 °C, respectively. The user-prepared part of the LDT PCR mix (containing salts, probes, and primers) was stable for ≥ 11 days onboard the instrument. We observed reproducible results of PCR and the extraction process. The LDT had a sensitivity comparable to or greater than the commercial Allplex™ assay and showed excellent linearity. Forty-five EQA samples yielded the expected result with the LDT. There was 100% concordance between LDT and Allplex™ results in 160 clinical samples. Results from the suspension and direct swab stool sample preparation methods were highly concordant in the LDT. We report the successful development and validation of a multiplex PCR LDT for detection of norovirus G1, norovirus G2, and rotavirus from stool samples on the Panther Fusion® system.
Diffusion of ideas in the era of the Belt and Road: Insights from China–CEE think tank cooperation
Authors: Vangeli Anastas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo address part of the puzzle on China’s ideational impact in the era of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the article studies social interaction of Chinese and CEE think tanks by employing the concept of diffusion of ideas. The article proposes a theoretical framework to study diffusion inspired by reflexive social science that focuses on frames, (geoeconomic) imaginaries, and translations. The asymmetrical interaction of think tanks led to aligning the frames of the different actors and producing a context of peaceful and pragmatic cooperation, extension of the geoeconomic imaginaries to include previously unorthodox positions, and translation of policy concepts that are localized in accord with the dispositions of the CEE actors involved. Nevertheless, the China–CEE think tank cooperation, when analyzed in a broader context, has relatively limited impact on societal and policy levels, and is increasingly challenged by actors with greater leverage in the region. What sustain the diffusion of ideas are the potent narratives of imagined futures of prosperity under the New Silk Roads.
The Entrance Law of the Excursion Measure of the Reflected Process for Some Classes of Lévy Processes
Authors: Chaumont Loïc , Małecki Jacek 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We provide integral formulae for the Laplace transform of the entrance law of the reflected excursions for symmetric Lévy processes in terms of their characteristic exponent. For subordinate Brownian motions and stable processes we express the density of the entrance law in terms of the generalized eigenfunctions for the semigroup of the process killed when exiting the positive half-line. We use the formulae to study in-depth properties of the density of the entrance law such as asymptotic behavior of its derivatives in time variable.
Psychological Therapy for Postnatal Depression in UK Primary Care Mental Health Services: A Qualitative Investigation Using Framework Analysis
Authors: Hadfield Holly , Glendenning Suzanne , Bee Penny , Wittkowski Anja 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Postnatal depression (PND) can have negative consequences for mother and infant. Current psychological therapies are effective in treating depression but improvements in mother-infant outcomes have not yet been established. We aimed to capture mothers’ experiences of therapy for PND with a focus on parenting-related outcomes. We also sought their views on including parenting support within interventions.

Methods
Fourteen mothers who received psychological therapy in the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded and analysed using Framework Analysis.

Results
Three main themes were identified: ‘The experience of therapy’, ‘Therapy outcomes’ and ‘Views about parenting interventions for postnatal depression’. The main themes were underpinned by other themes. Overall the findings revealed that mothers perceived therapy as helpful in improving mood, confidence as a parent and relationship with their infant. Mothers valued the process of normalising their experiences within group therapy and by their therapists because it reduced any shame and stigma associated with PND. Mothers thought parenting support within therapy would be acceptable if delivered collaboratively.

Conclusions
Primary care-based psychological therapy for PND was perceived as helpful and acceptable. It clearly met some of the mothers’ goals, especially if their beliefs about being a ‘bad mother’ was challenged and modified. Barriers to engagement, such as childcare issues and therapist’s knowledge about perinatal mental health, would also need to be overcome. Finally, mother-infant interventions should be further explored as an adjunct treatment option.
Probabilistic linear solvers: a unifying
view
Authors: Bartels Simon , Cockayne Jon , Ipsen Ilse C. F. , Hennig Philipp 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Several recent works have developed a new, probabilistic interpretation
for numerical algorithms solving linear systems in which the solution is inferred in
a Bayesian framework, either directly or by inferring the unknown action of the
matrix inverse. These approaches have typically focused on replicating the behaviour
of the conjugate gradient method as a prototypical iterative method. In this work,
surprisingly general conditions for equivalence of these disparate methods are
presented. We also describe connections between probabilistic linear solvers and
projection methods for linear systems, providing a probabilistic interpretation of a
far more general class of iterative methods. In particular, this provides such an
interpretation of the generalised minimum residual method. A probabilistic view of
preconditioning is also introduced. These developments unify the literature on
probabilistic linear solvers and provide foundational connections to the literature
on iterative solvers for linear systems.
The Role of Natural Killer Cells as a Platform for Immunotherapy in Pediatric Cancers
Authors: Kimpo Miriam Santiago , Oh Bernice , Lee Shawn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe aim to review the most recent findings in the use of NK cells in childhood cancers.Recent FindingsNatural killer cells are cytotoxic to tumor cells. In pediatric leukemias, adoptive transfer of NK cells can bridge children not in remission to transplant. Interleukins (IL2, IL15) can enhance NK cell function. NK cell-CAR therapy has advantages of shorter life span that lessens chronic toxicities, lower risk of graft versus host disease when using allogeneic cells, ability of NK cells to recognize tumor cells that have downregulated MHC to escape T cells, and possibly less likelihood of cytokine storm. Cytotoxicity to solid tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, neuroblastoma) is seen with graft versus tumor effect in transplant and in combination with antibodies. Challenges lie in the microenvironment which is suppressive for NK cells.SummaryNK cell immunotherapy in childhood cancers is promising and recent works aim to overcome challenges.
Early Warning Systems: Lost in Translation or Late by Definition? A FORIN Approach
Authors: Alcántara-Ayala Irasema , Oliver-Smith Anthony 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEarly warning systems (EWSs) are widely considered to be one of the most important mechanisms to prevent disasters around the globe. But as disasters continue to affect countries where EWSs have already been implemented, the striking disaster consequences have led us to reflect on the focus, architecture, and function of the warning systems. Since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami there has been a rapid rise in the promotion and use of EWSs to minimize disaster losses and damage. However, few researchers have addressed the question of their acceptability as an adaptive measure to the existing exposure conditions. EWSs are far more linked to emergency response and humanitarian crises and accepted technological interventions as solutions than they are to explicitly advance integrated analysis, disaster risk reduction, and policy making. A major flaw of EWSs is that the term “early” has been essentially used in reference to the speed of hazard onset, founded on a physicalist perspective that has encouraged a considerable dependence on technology. In this article we address the need for a clear understanding of the root causes and risk drivers of disaster risk creation, as advanced in the FORIN (forensic investigation of disasters) approach, as a prerequisite for the development of more articulated EWSs that could contribute to disaster risk reduction through policy making and practice, based on integrated and transdisciplinary management, in the interest of sustainable development, and human welfare and well-being.
Effect of three types of liquid compost combined with Avicennia marina leaves on growth and survival of tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon)
Authors: Ariyati Restiana Wisnu , Rejeki Sri , Widowati Lestari L. , Elfitasari Tita , Bosma Roel H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe sustainability of prawn farming in brackish water ponds is controversial because of low yields and a history of mangrove clearing. Low yields are due largely to insufficient preparation of pond bottoms. Mangrove trees are often planted on pond bunds as window dressing. This study examines the effect of three types of liquid compost from vegetable, fruit, and both vegetable and fruit in tanks to which whole or choppedAvicennia marinaleaves have been added to mimic local pond conditions. In a split-plot design, 28 square tanks were each stocked with one hundred 15-day-old post-larvae tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon). Four tanks were used as controls and 24 were assigned to the treatments, 12 with whole and 12 with chopped leaves. Of the treatment tanks, 4 received liquid compost from vegetable, 4 received fruit, and 4 received mixed vegetable and fruit. Shrimp were weighed at the start, halfway point, and the end of the 50-day trial, and fed at 5% of the estimated total weight; survival was counted at the end. The survival rates of treatments and controls (65–76%) were not significantly different. Shrimp in water with vegetable compost grew significantly faster (2.7% day−1) than in both treatments with fruit (2.5% day−1), while all treatments were associated with significantly faster growth than were the controls (2.0% day−1). The lower growth rate of shrimp fed fruit compost may have been due to dinoflagellates, which are known to negatively affect shrimp. Shrimp in tanks with chopped mangrove leaves grew slightly better than shrimp in tanks with whole mangrove leaves.
Emergent Constraints on Climate-Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
Authors: Cox Peter M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewFeedbacks between CO2-induced climate change and the carbon cycle are now routinely represented in the Earth System Models (ESMs) that are used to make projections of future climate change. The inconclusion of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks in climate projections is an important advance, but has added a significant new source of uncertainty. This review assesses the potential for emergent constraints to reduce the uncertainties associated with climate-carbon cycle feedbacks.Recent FindingsThe emergent constraint technique involves using the full ensemble of models to find an across-ensemble relationship between an observable feature of the Earth System (such as a trend, interannual variation or change in seasonality) and an uncertain aspect of the future. Examples focussing on reducing uncertainties in future atmospheric CO2concentration, carbon loss from tropical land under warming and CO2fertilization of mid- and high-latitude photosynthesis are exemplars of these different types of emergent constraints.SummaryThe power of emergent constraints is that they use the enduring range in model projections to reduce uncertainty in the future of the real Earth System, but there are also risks that indiscriminate data-mining, and systematic model errors could yield misleading constraints. A hypothesis-driven theory-led approach can overcome these risks and also reveal the true promise of emergent constraints—not just as ways to reduce uncertainty in future climate change but also to catalyse advances in our understanding of the Earth System.
MHD turbulence
Authors: Beresnyak Andrey 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe review the current status of research in MHD turbulence theory and numerical experiments and their applications to astrophysics and solar science. We introduce general tools for studying turbulence, basic turbulence models, MHD equations and their wave modes. Subsequently, we cover the theories and numerics of Alfvénic turbulence, imbalanced turbulence, small-scale dynamos and models and numerics for supersonic MHD turbulence.
The Alzheimer's Disease Exposome
Authors: Finch Caleb E. , Kulminski Alexander M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionEnvironmental factors are poorly understood in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. The importance of environmental factors in gene environment interactions (GxE) is suggested by wide individual differences in cognitive loss, even for carriers of AD‐risk genetic variants.Results and DiscussionWe propose the “AD exposome” to comprehensively assess the modifiable environmental factors relevant to genetic underpinnings of cognitive aging and AD. Analysis of endogenous and exogenous environmental factors requires multi‐generational consideration of these interactions over age and time (GxExT). New computational approaches to the multi‐level complexities may identify accessible interventions for individual brain aging. International collaborations on diverse populations are needed to identify the most relevant exposures over the life course for GxE interactions.
THE DETERMINED PROPERTY OF BAIRE IN REVERSE MATH
Authors: ASTOR ERIC P. , DZHAFAROV DAMIR , MONTALBÁN ANTONIO , SOLOMON REED , WESTRICK LINDA BROWN 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe define the notion of a completely determined Borel code in reverse mathematics, and consider the principle $CD - PB$, which states that every completely determined Borel set has the property of Baire. We show that this principle is strictly weaker than $AT{R_0}$. Any ω-model of $CD - PB$ must be closed under hyperarithmetic reduction, but $CD - PB$ is not a theory of hyperarithmetic analysis. We show that whenever $M \subseteq {2^\omega }$ is the second-order part of an ω-model of $CD - PB$, then for every $Z \in M$, there is a $G \in M$ such that G is ${\rm{\Delta }}_1^1$-generic relative to Z.
Caesar source finder: Recent developments and testing
Authors: Riggi S. , Vitello F. , Becciani U. , Buemi C. , Bufano F. , Calanducci A. , Cavallaro F. , Costa A. , Ingallinera A. , Leto P. , Loru S. , Norris R. P. , Schillirò F. , Sciacca E. , Trigilio C. , Umana G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new era in radio astronomy will begin with the upcoming large-scale surveys planned at the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). ASKAP started its Early Science programme in October 2017 and several target fields were observed during the array commissioning phase. The Scorpio field was the first observed in the Galactic Plane in Band 1 (792–1 032 MHz) using 15 commissioned antennas. The achieved sensitivity and large field of view already allow to discover new sources and survey thousands of existing ones with improved precision with respect to previous surveys. Data analysis is currently ongoing to deliver the first source catalogue. Given the increased scale of the data, source extraction and characterisation, even in this Early Science phase, have to be carried out in a mostly automated way. This process presents significant challenges due to the presence of extended objects and diffuse emission close to the Galactic Plane.In this context, we have extended and optimised a novel source finding tool, named Caesar, to allow extraction of both compact and extended sources from radio maps. A number of developments have been done driven by the analysis of the Scorpio map and in view of the future ASKAP Galactic Plane survey. The main goals are the improvement of algorithm performances and scalability as well as of software maintainability and usability within the radio community. In this paper, we present the current status of Caesar and report a first systematic characterisation of its performance for both compact and extended sources using simulated maps. Future prospects are discussed in the light of the obtained results.
Haemostatic changes in urogenital schistosomiasis haematobium: a case-control study in Gabonese schoolchildren
Authors: Mebius M.M. , Adegnika A.A. , Zinsou J.F. , Agobe J.C.D. , Honkpehedji Y.J. , Yazdanbakhsh M. , van Dam G.J. , Corstjens P.L.A.M. , Tielens A.G.M. , de Groot P.G. , Urbanus R.T. , van Hellemond J.J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn many tropical areas schistosomiasis is a major health problem causing hepatosplenic, intestinal or urogenital complaints. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni is also characterized by blood coagulation abnormalities. Liver pathology plays a role in the development of haemostatic changes and the parasitic infection may directly affect coagulation. However, these contributing factors cannot be studied separately in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis infections. This pilot study provides insight in haemostatic changes in urinary schistosomiasis by studying coagulation parameters in schistosomiasis haematobium-infected Gabonese schoolchildren. Selection on urinary schistosomiasis patients without hepatosplenic complaints allows for the investigation of the direct effects of the parasite on haemostasis. Levels of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) antigen, active VWF and osteoprotegerin were elevated, indicating inflammation-mediated endothelial activation. In contrast to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, thrombin–antithrombin complex and D-dimer levels were not affected. Despite its small sample size, this study clearly indicates thatSchistosoma haematobiumdirectly alters the activation status of the endothelium, without initiation of coagulation.