bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intrinsic predictability of ecological time series and its potential to guide forecasting
Authors: Pennekamp Frank , Iles Alison C. , Garland Joshua , Brennan Georgina , Brose Ulrich , Gaedke Ursula , Jacob Ute , Kratina Pavel , Matthews Blake , Munch Stephan , Novak Mark , Palamara Gian Marco , Rall Björn C. , Rosenbaum Benjamin , Tabi Andrea , Ward Colette , Williams Richard , Ye Hao , Petchey Owen L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSuccessfully predicting the future states of systems that are complex, stochastic, and potentially chaotic is a major challenge. Model forecasting error (FE) is the usual measure of success; however model predictions provide no insights into the potential for improvement. In short, the realized predictability of a specific model is uninformative about whether the system is inherently predictable or whether the chosen model is a poor match for the system and our observations thereof. Ideally, model proficiency would be judged with respect to the systems’ intrinsic predictability, the highest achievable predictability given the degree to which system dynamics are the result of deterministic vs. stochastic processes. Intrinsic predictability may be quantified with permutation entropy (PE), a model‐free, information‐theoretic measure of the complexity of a time series. By means of simulations, we show that a correlation exists between estimated PE and FE and show how stochasticity, process error, and chaotic dynamics affect the relationship. This relationship is verified for a data set of 461 empirical ecological time series. We show how deviations from the expected PE–FE relationship are related to covariates of data quality and the nonlinearity of ecological dynamics. These results demonstrate a theoretically grounded basis for a model‐free evaluation of a system's intrinsic predictability. Identifying the gap between the intrinsic and realized predictability of time series will enable researchers to understand whether forecasting proficiency is limited by the quality and quantity of their data or the ability of the chosen forecasting model to explain the data. Intrinsic predictability also provides a model‐free baseline of forecasting proficiency against which modeling efforts can be evaluated.
The nature and history of the South Qilian orogenic belt: Constraints from compositions of rivers' sediments and their detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology, Lu‐Hf isotopic compositions
Authors: Kang Huan , Chen Yuelong , Li Dapeng 
Published: January 2019

Detrital zircon U–Pb dating, Hf isotopic data, and Nd isotopic compositions of river sediments are used to constrain crustal evolution processes of their provenance in the South Qilian orogenic belt. The detrital zircons from the Yuka, Tataleng, and Bayinguole rivers range in age from Neoarchean (2,772 Ma) to Permian (261 Ma), with age peaks at ca. 2.4 Ga, ca. 1.95 Ga, and ca. 0.45 Ga. Hf isotopic compositions of Paleoproterozoic, Pan‐African, and Caledonian zircon age groups display a wide range ofεHf(t) values, suggesting diverse sources of host magma of the zircon grains. The basement formation of the South Qilian orogenic belt from depleted mantle occurred at two stages; ca. 3.1–2.5 Ga and ca. 2.0–1.6 Ga. Meanwhile, the Nd model ages of silt‐mud from the region are between 1.98 Ga and 2.27 Ga with an average value of 2.12 Ga. Our study indicates that the Qilian oceanic plate formed between the Qaidam and Alxa blocks from late Neoproterozoic to Silurian. The South Qilian orogenic belt is a product of the Qilian Ocean closure and subsequent collision between the Qaidam Block and central Qilian belt during Ordovician–Silurian times. Combining regional tectonothermal events with new results of river sediments suggests that rifting from a continent and opening of the Qilian Ocean occurred at ca. 780–520 Ma, subduction of the oceanic crust at ca. 520–440 Ma, ocean closure and continental subduction at ca. 440–420 Ma, exhumation of subducted crust at ca. 420–400 Ma, and orogenic collapse and extension at ca. 400–360 Ma.
Deformation and rheological properties of Dashiqiao Formation of Liaohe Group in Hupiyu area, eastern Liaoning Province
Authors: Chang Ruihong , Liu Yongjiang , Li Weimin , Gu Daxiang 
Published: January 2019

The study on deformation characters of the Liaohe Group, exposed in eastern Liaoning Province, NE China, provides a key constraint on the tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic Liao–Ji active belt in the eastern part of the North China Craton (NCC). In this paper, the deformation pattern and mechanism of the Dashiqiao Fm. from Liaohe Group in Hupiyu area have been systematically studied. The present results show that the structure of the investigated Dashiqiao Fm. exhibits a SW bedding‐parallel thrust shearing which is dominated by simple shearing. Simultaneously, S‐SL tectonites were formed under directional flattening. The deformed quartz grains show obvious dislocation slip which is mainly controlled by the low temperature system of the basal <a> slip system, while calcites mainly develop in low temperature with <e> twin slip. Based on microstructural analysis coupled with fabric features, we estimated that the strain rate is 10−12.78–10−8.32 s−1 under the deformation temperature of 350–400°C with a differential stress of 27.3–44.9 MPa. Our macrostructural–microstructural investigation together with previous researches indicates that the Liaohe Group suffered a bedding‐parallel sliding with top‐to‐outside away from the granite body in the core of Hupiyu anticline, corresponding to the uplift of the Hupiyu granite in the early extensional stage. Subsequently, the Hupiyu area suffered SW–NE compression which resulted in the overturn of the southern limb of the Hupiyu anticline and the top‐to‐SW thrusting.
Nitroselenation of carbon‐carbon triple bond by PhSeSePh and NO/O2 or NO2
Authors: Nishiyama Yutaka , Sumida Mari , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhen alkynes were treated with diphenyl diselenide under an atmosphere of nitric oxide and oxygen, nitroselenation of the carbon‐carbon triple bond proceeded with a high regioselectivity to give the corresponding 1‐nitro‐2‐phenylseleno alkenes. Similarly, the nitroselenation of alkynes proceeded by the reaction of the alkynes with nitrogen dioxide. The stirring of the 1,2‐bis(phenylseleno) alkenes under an atmosphere of nitric oxide and oxygen also gave the corresponding 1‐nitro‐2‐phenylseleno alkenes.
Ultrasonographic swallowing examination for early detection of neopharyngeal fistula after salvage total laryngectomy: A preliminary study
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Lee Gil Joon , Sohn Jin Ho 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe current study investigated the feasibility of ultrasonographic swallowing examination (USSE) for the evaluation of neopharynx and early detection of neopharyngeal fistula after salvage total laryngectomy.MethodsA prospective case series‐based study involving 16 patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy was conducted. USSE was performed on postoperative days 5‐7, and oral diet initiation was determined based on the USSE results.ResultsFistula of the neopharynx was detected in four patients (25%) via USSE, as was the specific site of the fistula. In these patients, oral diet was delayed and immediate interventions including ultrasound‐guided fluid aspiration and compression dressing were applied, and all fistulas were subsequently closed. In the remaining 12 patients with no neopharyngeal fistula on USSE, an oral diet was started immediately and no fistula occurred.ConclusionsUSSE is a promising method for neopharynx evaluation and early detection of neopharyngeal fistula after salvage total laryngectomy.
Inhibitors of the Bifunctional 2‐C‐Methyl‐d‐erythritol 4‐Phosphate Cytidylyl Transferase/2‐C‐Methyl‐d‐erythritol‐2,4‐cyclopyrophosphate Synthase (IspDF) ofHelicobacter pylori
Authors: Honold Annika , Lettl Clara , Schindele Franziska , Illarionov Boris , Haas Rainer , Witschel Matthias , Bacher Adelbert , Fischer Markus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA library of over 103 thousand compounds was screened for inhibitors of the IspD domain (2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythritol 4‐phosphate cytidylyl transferase domain) of the bifunctional IspDF protein fromHelicobacter pyloriusing a photometric assay. Around 300 compounds showedIC50values below 100 μm, and three compounds hadIC50values below 1 μm. A few IspD inhibitors could also inhibit the IspF domain (2‐C‐Methyl‐d‐erythritol‐2,4‐cyclopyrophosphate synthase) of the IspDF protein. The most potent IspD inhibitors were tested as growth inhibitors ofH. pylori. Several compounds showed inhibition of bacterial growth withIC50in the single‐digit μmrange. The most potent growth inhibitor had anIC50value of 3.4 μm. The most potent growth inhibitor without measurable effect on eukaryotic cell viability had anIC50value of 7.2 μm.
Patient safety attitude in primary health care settings in Giza, Egypt: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: El Shafei Arwa Mohamed Hosney , Zayed Mouchira Amin 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundAlthough there is increasing interest in patient safety, yet there is a general lack of awareness of the problem. This study aims to investigate patient safety attitudes among health care providers in primary health care (PHC) facilities in Egypt through employing the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire in order to explore the areas of deficiency and opportunities for improvement concerning patients' safety.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in an urban PHC and one rural unit where 130 working team at the time of the study was interviewed with response rate of 63.7%, SPSS 18 was used for data analysis. Descriptive analyses, independent samples t tests, and/or analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to examine the relationship between patient's safety culture and independent variables, namely, profession, gender, or age groups.ResultsHighest positivity percentage was found for job satisfaction dimension (23%), while it was the least for the ambulatory care (2.3%). Participants belonging to age group older than or equal to 50 scored statistically significant mean values in both job satisfaction and working conditions dimensions (P = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Health care managers scored statistically significant mean in the ambulatory care dimension 68.1 ± 15.3, (P = 0.03).ConclusionManagers had more positive attitudes regarding patient safety issues in the practices they are responsible for, compared with the employees. This could be an opportunity to enhance safety attitudes within PHC centers and gain their commitment to guarantee safer and higher quality patient care.
Development of cold‐hot water dispenser with thermoelectric module systems
Authors: Hommalee Chootichai , Wiriyasart Songkran , Naphon Paisarn 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the present study, the results of a cold‐hot water dispenser with a thermoelectric module system (TMS) are presented. The cold‐hot water dispenser with thermoelectric module system consists of a cold water loop, a hot water loop, a coolant loop, and a thermoelectric module. The thermoelectric cooling and heating modules consist of four and two water blocks, nine and three thermoelectric plates, respectively. The cooling and heating capacities obtained from the cold‐hot water dispenser with TMS are compared with those from a conventional cold‐hot water dispenser with a compression refrigeration system (CRS). As compared with the conventional cold‐hot water dispenser with CRS, the cold‐hot water dispenser with TMS can be operated at the minimum cold water temperature of 10 to 13°C and the maximum hot water temperature of 65°C. The obtained results are expected provide guidelines to design cold‐hot water dispensers with TMS.
Sulfate variations as a natural tracer for conduit‐matrix interaction in a complex karst aquifer
Authors: Frank Simon , Goeppert Nadine , Ohmer Marc , Goldscheider Nico 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLarge areas of Europe, especially in the Alps, are covered by carbonate rocks, and karst springs are an important source for drinking water supply. Because of their high variability and heterogeneity, understanding the hydrogeological functioning is of particular importance for protection of karst aquifers. In this study, hydrogeochemical investigations characterized the water of a spring draining a complex carbonate‐gypsum karst system in the Alps. The reaction of the spring to a rainfall event was examined to identify the relevant hydrological processes controlling the hydrochemistry of the spring, and to understand water‐rock interactions and conduit–matrix exchange. A fast and marked reaction of discharge and electrical conductivity was observed. The main cations are Ca2+ and Mg2+, which showed a distinct decrease after the rainfall. Bicarbonate and sulfate were identified as major anions. Although HCO3− showed only minor fluctuations, SO42− decreased by 72% after the rain event. Comparisons of ion ratios show that both carbonate and gypsum rocks influence the water chemistry of the spring. The rainfall event caused a dilution effect, but dilution alone cannot explain the observed water chemistry. A conceptual model of the spring behaviour during low‐flow and high‐flow conditions, including conduit–matrix interaction, was developed, which can explain the observations. This study aims to give new insights into the highly dynamic exchange processes between karst conduits and the surrounding matrix, and the results demonstrated that (a) during low‐flow conditions, the spring is characterized by high sulfate content, but after rainfall events, the water chemistry is dominated by bicarbonate. These findings show the dependency of water chemistry from the lithology; (b) a change in water chemistry is associated with a significant shift from low‐flow to high‐flow conditions; (c) conduit–matrix exchange is an important factor as shown by the discharge–sulfate relationship and clearly influences the behaviour of the spring.
A Personal Perspective on Chemical Biology: Before the Beginning
Authors: Dervan Peter B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis perspective represents a brief personal account of early days before “chemical biology” emerged as a field of inquiry. Imagine a time when oligomers of DNA could not be synthesized and the order of the TACG letters in DNA could not be sequenced. Even the high resolution structure of the DNA double helix was not yet determined. 1975 was a time when there was a deep chasm between chemistry and biology. Chemists with precise knowledge of all the atoms in natural product architectures looked with dismay at the imprecise messy world of biology. Water was to be avoided! My view was that the power of synthetic organic chemistry should be used to create function, synthesis with a purpose. Our organic group at Caltech would embrace molecular recognition of biologics in water as a frontier for chemistry. We dreamed of inventing small molecules that would control the activity of macromolecules such as DNA, proteins and carbohydrates in living cells. We chemists would sky dive into the messy world of biology.
Development of bifunctional oriented bioactive glass/poly(lactic acid) composite scaffolds to control osteoblast alignment and proliferation
Authors: Lee Sungho , Matsugaki Aira , Kasuga Toshihiro , Nakano Takayoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDuring the bone regeneration process, the anisotropic microstructure of bone tissue (bone quality) recovers much later than bone mass (bone quantity), resulting in severe mechanical dysfunction in the bone. Hence, restoration of bone microstructure in parallel with bone mass is necessary for ideal bone tissue regeneration; for this, development of advanced bifunctional biomaterials, which control both the quality and quantity in regenerated bone, is required. We developed novel oriented bioactive glass/poly(lactic acid) composite scaffolds by introducing an effective methodology for controlling cell alignment and proliferation, which play important roles for achieving bone anisotropy and bone mass, respectively. Our strategy is to manipulate the cell alignment and proliferation by the morphological control of the scaffolds in combination with controlled ion release from bioactive glasses. We quantitatively controlled the morphology of fibermats containing bioactive glasses by electrospinning, which successfully induced cell alignment along the fibermats. Also, the substitution of CaO in Bioglass®(45S5) with MgO and SrO improved osteoblast proliferation, indicating that dissolved Mg2+and Sr2+ions promoted cell adhesion and proliferation. Our results indicate that the fibermats developed in this work are candidates for the scaffolds to bone tissue regeneration that enable recovery of both bone quality and bone quantity. © 2019 The Authors.journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part APublished By Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1031–1041, 2019.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indenopyrazole derivatives
Authors: Gezegen Hayreddin , Tutar Uğur , Hepokur Ceylan , Ceylan Mustafa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of novel indenopyrazole derivatives 2a‐j and
3a‐j were synthesized from the reaction of 1‐(4‐(hydroxy(1‐oxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2
H‐inden‐2‐ylidene)methyl)phenyl)‐3‐phenylurea derivatives
1a‐j with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine, respectively. The obtained novel indenopyrazoles (
2a‐j and
3a‐j) were evaluated for anticancer activity against HeLa and C6 cell lines. Antiproliferative activity was determined by the BrdU proliferation ELISA assay;
2a,
2b,
2d,
2h, and
3h were found to be the most active compounds. The compounds were also screened for antimicrobial activity, and all compounds showed moderate activity against used microorganisms.
Current status and future prospects of transforming growth factor‐β as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Amerizadeh Forouzan , Bahrami Afsane , Khazaei Majid , Hesari AmirReza , Rezayi Majid , Talebian Sahar , Maftouh Mona , Moetamani‐Ahmadi Mehrdad , Seifi Sima , Shahidsales Soodabeh , Joudi‐Mashhad Mona , Ferns Gordon A. , Ghasemi Faezeh , Avan Amir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling pathway is one of the important pathways involved in the cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, as well as in metastasis by agitation or invasion of metastasis‐related factors, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cells (CSCs), and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). These data suggest its potential value as a therapeutic object in the treatment of malignancies including breast cancer. Several pharmacological approaches have been established to suppress TGF‐β pathway; such as vaccines, small molecular inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies. Some of these are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for targeting the TGF‐β signaling pathway. This study attempts to summarize the current data about the functions of TGF‐β in cancer cells, and their probable application in the cancer therapy with a specific emphasis on recent preclinical and clinical research in the treatment of breast cancer and its prognostic value.
Epigenetic profiling and mRNA expression reveal candidate genes as biomarkers for colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Hui , Dong Shuchen , Feng Jifeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by DNA methylation, which is associated with genomic instability and tumor initiation. As an important epigenetic regulation, DNA methylation can be used as a potential therapeutic target for CRC. In our study, we downloaded DNA methylation profiles (GSE17648 and GSE29490) and RNA sequencing microarray data (GSE25070 and GSE32323) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. As a result, 14 aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened according to the different criteria. We further validated these DEGs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and obtained Pearson's correlation coefficient (COR) for the relationship between gene expression and DNA methylation. Three candidate genes (SOX9, TCN1, and TGFBI) with COR greater than 0.3 were screened out as Hub genes. The receiver operating characteristic result indicated that SOX9 and TGFBI effectively serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CRC. Furthermore, the potential prognosis of the Hub genes for CRC patients was evaluated. Only TGFBI, which is regulated by methylation, can predict patient disease‐free survival. Additionally, we examined the methylation level of the Hub genes in CRC cells in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database. Considering that methylation status tends to be highly modified on CpG islands in tumorigenesis, we screened the CpG island methylation of TGFBI based on the TCGA database and verified its diagnostic value in the GEO database. Our result revealed two Hub genes (TCN1 and TGFBI) whose aberrant expressions were regulated by DNA methylation. Additionally, we uncovered the hypermethylation of TGFBI on CpG islands and its clinical value in the diagnosis of CRC.
A LINC00341‐mediated regulatory pathway supports chondrocyte survival and may prevent osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Yang Qining , Li Xiaofei , Zhou Yongwei , Fu Weicong , Wang Jinhua , Wei Qiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and results from progressive loss and destruction of articular cartilage and the underlying bone. The disease affects millions of people worldwide with an associated risk of mobility disability. However, the molecular basis underlying OA initiation and progression is not well understood and, currently, there is no effective intervention available to decelerate disease progression or restore degraded cartilage. We have found that lncRNA long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 341 (LINC00341) is aberrantly downregulated in OA patient tissues and cultured OA chondrocytes. This is likely responsible for the increased apoptosis of chondrocytes and pathological destruction of cartilage. Further investigation has revealed that LINC00341 interacts with miR‐141 to suppress its functional binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of YY1‐associated factor 2 (YAF2) messenger RNA. Aberrant downregulation of LINC00341 thus may ultimately lead to inhibition of the YAF2 protein, which has been implicated to be an antiapoptotic factor. Our study has revealed a new noncoding RNA‐mediated regulatory network that highly likely protects chondrocytes by preventing apoptosis under normal conditions. The results will help further explore the molecular details pertaining to the progression of OA and stimulate efforts to develop effective therapies.