bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spreading of the South Pacific Tropical Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water Over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Yang Lina , Zhou Lei , Li Shujiang , Wei Zexun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe three‐dimensional climatological spreading of South Pacific waters over the Maritime Continent is examined using eddy‐resolving simulations and a passive tracer method. Four pathways are summarized for the South Pacific Tropical Water and the Antarctic Intermediate Water through the Maritime Continent, including two direct pathways, namely, the Eastern Path and the Torres Strait Path, and two indirect pathways, namely, the Western Path and the South China Sea Path. Among them, according to tracer concentration distribution, the former two contribute most of the volume transport of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) originating from the South Pacific. The latter two experience two retroflections (i.e., the South Equatorial Current‐Equatorial Undercurrent and the North Equatorial Countercurrent‐North Equatorial Current) before entering the Indonesian Seas. The vertical distributions of the South Pacific waters along each path throughout the Indonesian Seas are also analyzed, revealing that the South Pacific salinity extrema greatly affect the intermediate and deep layers of the Indonesian Seas and ITF as well as the upper thermocline. Vertical fluxes, especially vertical advection, are vital to these Indo‐Pacific water exchange processes. Sensitivity tests are conducted for the vertical diffusion coefficient and initial conditions, the results of which are robust. According to current study, the South Pacific has substantial impacts on the water properties throughout the Maritime Continent and the mass‐energy exchanges between the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Uncertainties in the Impact of Urbanization on Heavy Rainfall: Case Study of a Rainfall Event in Beijing on 7 August 2015
Authors: Yu Miao , Miao Shiguang , Zhang Hanbin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe impact of urbanization on precipitation was investigated using a regional model with different artificial scenarios, which included unavoidable errors resulting from uncertainties related to the initial value and boundary conditions. We studied a typical summer rainfall event that occurred in Beijing on 7 August 2015 to determine whether the uncertainty in parameterization schemes and the initial field affected the urban impact on rainfall. We also quantitatively analyzed the uncertainty in the impact of urban land use on heavy rainfall caused by the initial field and parameterization schemes. The results showed that the microphysics scheme had higher levels of uncertainty than the planetary boundary layer scheme in forecasting precipitation. Urban land use led to an increase in precipitation in the downwind suburban area, consistent with the results of a previous case study. The magnitude of the impact of urban land use on precipitation was about 8 mm, much smaller than the 20 mm reported in the earlier case study. We suggest that the case study probably overestimated the impact of urban land use on rainfall by about 100% because of model uncertainties. Ensemble forecasting is valuable for studies of the impact of urban land use because there is a positive correlation with precipitation and its spread. The ensemble mean analysis increased the significance of the spatial distribution of the impact of urban land use relative to the earlier case study, although the magnitude of the impact was reduced.
Lateral Continuity of Layering in the Mars South Polar Layered Deposits From SHARAD Sounding Data
Authors: Whitten Jennifer L. , Campbell Bruce A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe south polar layered deposits (SPLD) are composed of alternating layers of ice and dust in varying proportions. The accumulation of the layers is driven by orbital forcings, and the cadence and structure of these layers preserve a record of the past Martian climate. We use SHARAD data to examine the radar properties of SPLD reflectors and to infer their spatial correlations. Crossing orbit tracks are incoherently stacked to improve the echo signal‐to‐noise ratio and extend the delineation of reflectors, laterally and vertically, into areas where they are not evident in individual SHARAD traces. Three distinct radar reflection “facies” are identified: (a) shallow layers that are generally well focused in processed radargrams, (b) less densely spaced layers that occur over much of the depth of the SPLD but are blurred to varying degrees, and (c) low reflectivity zones. A pattern of diffuse echoes termed fog, which originates from an uncertain surface or volume scattering mechanism, extends to varying round‐trip delay times and is often correlated with blurring of subsurface reflections. The fog signature is pervasive, being present in some form over 64% of the SPLD. Unconformities are observed in stacks of reflectors that both intersect the surface and are confined to the subsurface. Only one major deviation from near‐horizontality of the reflectors, located to the east of Australe Mensa, was identified. There is no evidence for major unconformities that suggest multiple depositional centers that later merged into the SPLD. Instead, SHARAD data suggest that the materials of the SPLD were deposited regionally, superposing materials from previous depositional episodes.
CD24 regulates sorafenib resistance via activating autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lu Shuai , Yao Yao , Xu Guolong , Zhou Chao , Zhang Yuan , Sun Jie , Jiang Runqiu , Shao Qing , Chen Yun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is one of most common solid cancers worldwide. Sorafenib is indicated as a treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical efficacy of sorafenib has been severely compromised by the development of drug resistance, and the precise mechanisms of drug resistance remain largely unknown. Here we found that a cell surface molecule, CD24, is overexpressed in tumor tissues and sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between CD24 expression levels and sorafenib resistance. In sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, depletion of CD24 caused a notable increase of sorafenib sensitivity. In addition, we found that CD24-related sorafenib resistance was accompanied by the activation of autophagy and can be blocked by the inhibition of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or essential autophagy gene knockdown. In further research, we found that CD24 overexpression also leads to an increase in PP2A protein production and induces the deactivation of the mTOR/AKT pathway, which enhances the level of autophagy. These results demonstrate that CD24 regulates sorafenib resistance via activating autophagy in HCC. This is the first report to describe the relationships among CD24, autophagy, and sorafenib resistance. In conclusion, the combination of autophagy modulation and CD24 targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HCC.
FSTL1 interacts with VIM and promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via activating the focal adhesion signalling pathway
Authors: Gu Chuansha , Wang Xiaoyan , Long Ting , Wang Xia , Zhong Yan , Ma Yidan , Hu Zhiyan , Li Zuguo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFollistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) has been reported to have both tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressive characters. However, the role of FSTL1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here we showed that FSTL1 expression was significantly up-regulated in CRC tissues compared with the paired normal tissues. In addition, the higher FSTL1 expression was associated with the infiltrating depth, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of CRC. Enhanced expression of FSTL1 distinctly increased cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as promoting liver metastasis of CRC in vivo. Conversely, knockdown of FSTL1 expression significantly repressed invasion and metastasis of CRC. Mechanically, transcription factor Smad3 was involved in FSTL1 protein expression inducing by TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signalling. Furthermore, this effect of FSTL1 in promoting CRC progression was actualised via activating focal adhesions signalling pathway and regulating cytoskeleton rearrangement. We identified VIM, as an interactive protein of FSTL1, participated in FSTL1-mediated aggressive phenotype. We showed the role of FSTL1 in CRC and explored its transcription regulation and downstream signalling molecular mechanisms. In conclusion, our findings suggested that FSTL1 promoted CRC progression and metastasis, making it a novel target for diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of CRC.
Tolerance to ambiguous uncertainty predicts prosocial behavior
Authors: Vives Marc-Lluís , FeldmanHall Oriel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUncertainty is a fundamental feature of human life that can be fractioned into two distinct psychological constructs: risk (known probabilistic outcomes) and ambiguity (unknown probabilistic outcomes). Although risk and ambiguity are known to powerfully bias nonsocial decision-making, their influence on prosocial behavior remains largely unexplored. Here we show that ambiguity attitudes, but not risk attitudes, predict prosocial behavior: the greater an individual’s ambiguity tolerance, the more they engage in costly prosocial behaviors, both during decisions to cooperate (experiments 1 and 3) and choices to trust (experiment 2). Once the ambiguity associated with another’s actions is sufficiently resolved, this relationship between ambiguity tolerance and prosocial choice is eliminated (experiment 3). Taken together, these results provide converging evidence that attitudes toward ambiguity are a robust predictor of one’s willingness to engage in costly social behavior, which suggests a mechanism for the underlying motivations of prosocial action.
Venom proteomics and antivenom neutralization for the Chinese eastern Russell’s viper, Daboia siamensis from Guangxi and Taiwan
Authors: Tan Kae Yi , Tan Nget Hong , Tan Choo Hock 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe eastern Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) causes primarily hemotoxic envenomation. Applying shotgun proteomic approach, the present study unveiled the protein complexity and geographical variation of eastern D. siamensis venoms originated from Guangxi and Taiwan. The snake venoms from the two geographical locales shared comparable expression of major proteins notwithstanding variability in their toxin proteoforms. More than 90% of total venom proteins belong to the toxin families of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, phospholipase A2, C-type lectin/lectin-like protein, serine protease and metalloproteinase. Daboiasiamensis Monovalent Antivenom produced in Taiwan (DsMAV-Taiwan) was immunoreactive toward the Guangxi D. siamensis venom, and effectively neutralized the venom lethality at a potency of 1.41 mg venom per ml antivenom. This was corroborated by the antivenom effective neutralization against the venom procoagulant (ED = 0.044 ± 0.002 µl, 2.03 ± 0.12 mg/ml) and hemorrhagic (ED50 = 0.871 ± 0.159 µl, 7.85 ± 3.70 mg/ml) effects. The hetero-specific Chinese pit viper antivenoms i.e. Deinagkistrodon acutus Monovalent Antivenom and Gloydius brevicaudus Monovalent Antivenom showed negligible immunoreactivity and poor neutralization against the Guangxi D. siamensis venom. The findings suggest the need for improving treatment of D. siamensis envenomation in the region through the production and the use of appropriate antivenom.
Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex controls sadness-induced modulations of cognitive and emotional network hubs
Authors: Ramirez-Mahaluf Juan P. , Perramon Joan , Otal Begonya , Villoslada Pablo , Compte Albert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe regulation of cognitive and emotional processes is critical for proper executive functions and social behavior, but its specific mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we addressed this issue by studying with functional magnetic resonance imaging the changes in network topology that underlie competitive interactions between emotional and cognitive networks in healthy participants. Our behavioral paradigm contrasted periods with high emotional and cognitive demands by including a sadness provocation task followed by a spatial working memory task. The sharp contrast between successive tasks was designed to enhance the separability of emotional and cognitive networks and reveal areas that regulate the flow of information between them (hubs). By applying graph analysis methods on functional connectivity between 20 regions of interest in 22 participants we identified two main brain network modules, one dorsal and one ventral, and their hub areas: the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the left medial frontal pole (mFP). These hub areas did not modulate their mutual functional connectivity following sadness but they did so through an interposed area, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC). Our results identify dlPFC and mFP as areas regulating interactions between emotional and cognitive networks, and suggest that their modulation by sadness experience is mediated by sACC.
Application of confocal surface wave microscope to self-calibrated attenuation coefficient measurement by Goos-Hänchen phase shift modulation
Authors: Pechprasarn Suejit , Chow Terry W. K. , Somekh Michael G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we present a direct method to measure surface wave attenuation arising from both ohmic and coupling losses using our recently developed phase spatial light modulator (phase-SLM) based confocal surface plasmon microscope. The measurement is carried out in the far-field using a phase-SLM to impose an artificial surface wave phase profile in the back focal plane (BFP) of a microscope objective. In other words, we effectively provide an artificially engineered backward surface wave by modulating the Goos Hänchen (GH) phase shift of the surface wave. Such waves with opposing phase and group velocities are well known in acoustics and electromagnetic metamaterials but usually require structured or layered surfaces, here the effective wave is produced externally in the microscope illumination path. Key features of the technique developed here are that it (i) is self-calibrating and (ii) can distinguish between attenuation arising from ohmic loss (k″
Ω
) and coupling (reradiation) loss (k″
c
). This latter feature has not been achieved with existing methods. In addition to providing a unique measurement the measurement occurs of over a localized region of a few microns. The results were then validated against the surface plasmons (SP) dip measurement in the BFP and a theoretical model based on a simplified Green’s function.
A meta-analysis of the greenhouse gas abatement of bioenergy factoring in land use changes
Authors: El Akkari M. , Réchauchère O. , Bispo A. , Gabrielle B. , Makowski D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNon-food biomass production is developing rapidly to fuel the bioenergy sector and substitute dwindling fossil resources, which is likely to impact land-use patterns worldwide. Recent publications attempting to factor this effect into the climate mitigation potential of bioenergy chains have come to widely variable conclusions depending on their scope, data sources or methodology. Here, we conducted a first of its kind, systematic review of scientific literature on this topic and derived quantitative trends through a meta-analysis. We showed that second-generation biofuels and bioelectricity have a larger greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement potential than first generation biofuels, and stand the best chances (with a 80 to 90% probability range) of achieving a 50% reduction compared to fossil fuels. Conversely, directly converting forest ecosystems to produce bioenergy feedstock appeared as the worst-case scenario, systematically leading to negative GHG savings. On the other hand, converting grassland appeared to be a better option and entailed a 60% chance of halving GHG emissions compared to fossil energy sources. Since most climate mitigation scenarios assume still larger savings, it is critical to gain better insight into land-use change effects to provide a more realistic estimate of the mitigation potential associated with bioenergy.
Sensations from a single M-cone depend on the activity of surrounding S-cones
Authors: Schmidt Brian P. , Sabesan Ramkumar , Tuten William S. , Neitz Jay , Roorda Austin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractColor vision requires the activity of cone photoreceptors to be compared in post-receptoral circuitry. Decades of psychophysical measurements have quantified the nature of these comparative interactions on a coarse scale. How such findings generalize to a cellular scale remains unclear. To answer that question, we quantified the influence of surrounding light on the appearance of spots targeted to individual cones. The eye’s aberrations were corrected with adaptive optics and retinal position was precisely tracked in real-time to compensate for natural movement. Subjects reported the color appearance of each spot. A majority of L-and M-cones consistently gave rise to the sensation of white, while a smaller group repeatedly elicited hue sensations. When blue sensations were reported they were more likely mediated by M- than L-cones. Blue sensations were elicited from M-cones against a short-wavelength light that preferentially elevated the quantal catch in surrounding S-cones, while stimulation of the same cones against a white background elicited green sensations. In one of two subjects, proximity to S-cones increased the probability of blue reports when M-cones were probed. We propose that M-cone increments excited both green and blue opponent pathways, but the relative activity of neighboring cones favored one pathway over the other.
Luteolin attenuates Wnt signaling via upregulation of FZD6 to suppress prostate cancer stemness revealed by comparative proteomics
Authors: Han Kun , Lang Tingyuan , Zhang Zhiqi , Zhang Yi , Sun Yongning , Shen Zan , Beuerman Roger W. , Zhou Lei , Min Daliu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying luteolin-induced inhibition of prostate cancer (PCa) stemness have remained elusive. Here, we report that luteolin suppresses PCa stemness through Wnt signaling by upregulation of FZD6 (frizzled class receptor 6). Luteolin inhibits PCa cell proliferation, migration, self-renewal as well as the expression of prostate cancer stem cell markers in vitro. Through iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics study, we identified 208 differentially expressed proteins in luteolin-treated PC-3 cells. Subsequent mechanistic analysis revealed that luteolin inhibits Wnt signaling by transcriptional upregulation of FZD6, and thereby suppressing the stemness of PCa cells. Furthermore, we identified FZD6 as a tumor suppressor that can abolish PCa stemness. In summary, our findings demonstrate that suppression of Wnt signaling by upregulation of FZD6 is a mechanism underlying luteolin-induced inhibition of PCa stemness. Our work suggests a new therapeutic strategy against human prostate cancer caused by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
BrainFilm, a novel technique for physical compression of 3D brain slices for efficient image acquisition and post-processing
Authors: Kim Joo Yeon , Kim Hyun Jung , Jang Min Jee , Kim June Hoan , Lee Ju-Hyun , Lee Eunsoo , Park Kyerl , Kim Hyuncheol , Lee Jaedong , Kwag Jeehyun , Kim Namhee , Song Mi-Ryoung , Kim Hyun , Sun Woong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTissue clearing enables us to observe thick tissue at a single cell resolution by reducing light scattering and refractive index matching. However, imaging of a large volume of tissue for 3D reconstruction requires a great deal of time, cost, and efforts. Few methods have been developed to transcend these limitations by mechanical compression or isotropic tissue shrinkage. Tissue shrinkage significantly lessens the imaging burden; however, there is an inevitable trade-off with image resolution. Here, we have developed the “BrainFilm” technique to compress cleared tissue at Z-axis by dehydration, without alteration of the XY-axis. The Z-axis compression was approximately 90%, and resulted in substantial reduction in image acquisition time and data size. The BrainFilm technique was successfully used to trace and characterize the morphology of thick biocytin-labelled neurons following electrophysiological recording and trace the GFP-labelled long nerve projections in irregular tissues such as the limb of mouse embryo. Thus, BrainFilm is a versatile tool that can be applied in diverse studies of 3D tissues in which spatial information of the Z-axis is dispensable.
The effect of stimulation interval on plasticity following repeated blocks of intermittent theta burst stimulation
Authors: Tse Nga Yan , Goldsworthy Mitchell R. , Ridding Michael C. , Coxon James P. , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Fornito Alex , Rogasch Nigel C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study assessed the effect of interval duration on the direction and magnitude of changes in cortical excitability and inhibition when applying repeated blocks of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) over motor cortex. 15 participants received three different iTBS conditions on separate days: single iTBS; repeated iTBS with a 5 minute interval (iTBS-5-iTBS); and with a 15 minute interval (iTBS-15-iTBS). Changes in cortical excitability and short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) were assessed via motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) before and up to 60 mins following stimulation. iTBS-15-iTBS increased MEP amplitude for up to 60 mins post stimulation, whereas iTBS-5-iTBS decreased MEP amplitude. In contrast, MEP amplitude was not altered by single iTBS. Despite the group level findings, only 53% of individuals showed facilitated MEPs following iTBS-15-iTBS, and only 40% inhibited MEPs following iTBS-5-iTBS. Modulation of SICI did not differ between conditions. These results suggest interval duration between spaced iTBS plays an important role in determining the direction of plasticity on excitatory, but not inhibitory circuits in human motor cortex. While repeated iTBS can increase the magnitude of MEP facilitation/inhibition in some individuals compared to single iTBS, the response to repeated iTBS appears variable between individuals in this small sample.
Non-linearity correction in NIR absorption spectra by grouping modeling according to the content of analyte
Authors: Liu Ai , Li Gang , Fu Zhigang , Guan Yang , Lin Ling 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo correct the non-linearity caused by light scattering in quantitative analysis with near infrared absorption spectra, a new modeling analysis method was proposed: grouping modeling according to the content of analyte. In this study, we tested the proposed method for non-invasive detection of human hemoglobin (Hb) based on dynamic spectrum (DS). We compared the prediction performance of the proposed method with non-grouping modeling method. Experimental results showed that the root mean square error of the prediction set (RMSEP) by the proposed method was reduced by 9.96% and relative standard deviation of the prediction set (RSDP) was reduced by 4.73%. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reduce the effects of non-linearity on the composition analysis by spectroscopy. This research provides a new method for correcting the non-linearity stemming from light scattering. And the proposed method will accelerate the pace of non-invasive detection of blood components into clinical application.