bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate effects of blood donation on physical and cognitive performance—A randomized controlled double-blinded trial
Authors: Eliassen Håkon S. , Hervig Tor , Backlund Sebastian , Sivertsen Joar , Iversen Vegard Vereide , Kristoffersen Morten , Wengaard Eivind , Gramstad Arne , Fosse Theodor , Bjerkvig Christopher K. , Apelseth Torunn , Doughty Heidi , Strandenes Geir 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
The success of implementing damage control resuscitation principles pre-hospital has been at the expense of several logistic burdens including the requirements for resupply, and the question of donor safety during the development of whole blood programs. Previous studies have reported effects on physical performance after blood donation; however, none have investigated the effects of blood donation on cognitive performance.

METHOD
We describe a prospective double-blinded, randomized, controlled study comprised of a battery of tests: three cognitive tests, and VO2max testing on a cycle ergometer. Testing was performed 7 days before blinded donation (baseline day), immediately after donation (Day 0), and 7 days (Day 7) after donation. The inclusion criteria included being active blood donors at the Haukeland University Hospital blood bank, where eligibility requirements were met on the testing days, and providing informed consent. Participants were randomized to either the experimental (n = 26) or control group (n = 31). Control group participants underwent a "mock donation” in which a phlebotomy needle was placed but blood was not withdrawn.

RESULTS
In the experimental group, mean ± SEM VO2max declined 6% from 41.35 ± 1.7 mLO2/(min·kg) at baseline to 39.0 ± 1.6 mLO2/(min·kg) on Day 0 and increased to 40.51 ± 1.5 mLO2/(min·kg) on Day 7. Comparable values in the control group were 42.1 ± 1.8 mLO2/(min·kg) at baseline, 41.6 ± 1.8 mLO2/(min·kg)) on Day 1 (1% decline from baseline), and 41.8 ± 1.8 mLO2/(min·kg) on Day 7.
Comparing scores of all three cognitive tests on Day 0 and Day 7 showed no significant differences (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Our main findings are that executive cognitive and physical performances were well maintained after whole blood donation in healthy blood donors. The findings inform postdonation guidance on when donors may be required to return to duty.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Randomized, controlled, double-blinded prospective trial study, level 1.
Duration of Pupillary Unresponsiveness to Light
Authors: Venkataramaiah Sudhir , Umamaheswara Rao Ganne S. , Kamath Sriganesh , Jadhav Tanmay , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Reddy Madhusudan , Philip Mariamma , Thirthalli Jagadisha 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundDuring electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) sessions, we observed that the time taken for the return of pupillary response to light (ROPL) outlasted both the electroencephalography (EEG) and the motor seizure duration after the delivery of the electrical stimulus to produce convulsions.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate whether ROPL can be used as a marker of cessation of seizure activity in the brain after ECT and also to study the effect of atropine premedication on seizure activity during ECT.MethodsForty-one patients underwent 82 sessions of ECT in a cross-over design study. The duration of motor seizure, EEG seizure, and time for ROPL was observed and compared.ResultsThe ROPL consistently outlasted EEG and motor seizures; the difference in their mean durations was statistically significantP< 0.05. There was good correlation among the 3 parameters. Atropine premedication did not alter the seizure activity and ROPL after ECT.ConclusionsThe ROPL after ECT stimulus is a good bedside monitor for termination of seizure activity and can be a valuable adjunct to surface EEG in monitoring the duration of epileptic activity after delivery of ECT.
Modulation of antibiotic sensitivity and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by interspecies diffusible signal factor analogues
Authors: An Shi-qi , Murtagh Julie , Twomey Kate B. , Gupta Manoj K. , O’Sullivan Timothy P. , Ingram Rebecca , Valvano Miguel A. , Tang Ji-liang 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa can participate in inter-species communication through signaling by cis-2-unsaturated fatty acids of the diffusible signal factor (DSF) family. Sensing these signals involves the histidine kinase PA1396 and leads to altered biofilm formation and increased tolerance to various antibiotics. Here, we show that the membrane-associated sensory input domain of PA1396 has five trans-membrane helices, two of which are required for DSF sensing. DSF binding is associated with enhanced auto-phosphorylation of PA1396 incorporated into liposomes. Further, we examined the ability of synthetic DSF analogues to modulate or inhibit PA1396 activity. Several of these analogues block the ability of DSF to trigger auto-phosphorylation and gene expression, whereas others act as inverse agonists reducing biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance, both in vitro and in murine infection models. These analogues may thus represent lead compounds for novel adjuvants to improve the efficacy of existing antibiotics.
PDX Finder: A Portal for Patient-Derived tumor Xenograft Model Discovery
Authors: Conte Nathalie , Mason Jeremy , Halmagyi Csaba , Neuhauser Steven B. , Mosaku Abayomi , Begley Dale A. , Krupke Debra M. , Parkinson Helen , Meehan Terrence F. , Bult Carol J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPatient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mouse models are a versatile oncology research platform for studying tumor biology and for testing chemotherapeutic approaches tailored to genomic characteristics of individual patient’s tumors. PDX models are generated and distributed by a diverse group of academic labs, research organizations, multi-institution consortia, and contract research organizations. The distributed nature of PDX repositories and the use of different standards in the associated metadata presents a significant challenge to finding PDX models relevant to specific cancer research questions. The Jackson Laboratory and EMBL-EBI are addressing these challenges by co-developing PDX Finder, a comprehensive open global catalog of PDX models and their associated datasets. Within PDX Finder, model attributes are harmonized and integrated using a previously developed community minimal information standard to support consistent searching across the originating resources. Links to repositories are provided from the PDX Finder search results to facilitate model acquisition and/or collaboration. The PDX Finder resource currently contains information for more than 1900 PDX models of diverse cancers including those from large resources such as the Patient-Derived Models Repository, PDXNet, and EurOPDX. Individuals or organizations that generate and distribute PDXs are invited to increase the “findability” of their models by participating in the PDX Finder initiative at www.pdxfinder.org.
A decisional space account of saccadic reaction times towards personally familiar faces
Authors: Ramon Meike , Sokhn Nayla , Caldara Roberto 
Published: April 2018

AbstractManual and saccadic reaction times (SRTs) have been used to determine the minimum time required for different types of visual categorizations. Such studies have demonstrated that faces can be detected within natural scenes within as little as 100ms (Crouzet, Kirchner & Thorpe, 2010), while increasingly complex decisions require longer processing times (Besson, Barragan-Jason, Thorpe, Fabre-Thorpe, Puma et al., 2017). Following the notion that facial representations stored in memory facilitate perceptual processing (Ramon & Gobbini, 2018), a recent study reported 180ms as the fastest speed at which “familiar face detection” based on expressed choice saccades (Visconti di Ollegio Castello & Gobbini, 2015). At first glance, these findings seem incompatible with the earliest neural markers of familiarity reported in electrophysiological studies (Barragan-Jason, Cauchoix & Barbeau, 2015; Caharel, Ramon & Rossion, 2014; Huang, Wu, Hu, Wang, Ding & Qu et al., 2017), which should temporally precede any overtly observed behavioral (oculomotor or manual) categorization. Here, we reason that this apparent discrepancy could be accounted for in terms of decisional space constraints, which modulate both manual RTs observed for different levels of visual processing (Besson et al., 2017), as well as saccadic RTs (SRTs) in both healthy observers and neurological patients (Ramon, in press; Ramon, Sokhn, Lao & Caldara, in press). In the present study, over 70 observers completed three different SRT experiments in which decisional space was manipulated through task demands and stimulus probability. Subjects performed a gender categorization task, or one of two familiar face “recognition” tasks, which differed with respect to the number of personally familiar identities presented (3 vs. 7). We observe an inverse relationship between visual categorization proficiency and decisional space. Observers were most accurate for categorization of gender, which could be achieved in as little as 140ms. Categorization of highly predictable targets was more error-prone and required an additional ~100ms processing time. Our findings add to increasing evidence that pre-activation of identity-information can modulate early visual processing in a top-down manner. They also emphasize the importance of considering procedural aspects as well as terminology when aiming to characterize cognitive processes.
A distributed neural code in the dentate gyrus and in CA1
Authors: Stefanini Fabio , Kheirbek Mazen A. , Kushnir Lyudmila , Jimenez Jessica , Jennings Joshua H. , Stuber Garret D. , Hen René , Fusi Stefano 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe tuning properties of neurons in a given brain region have been traditionally viewed as the under-pinnings of computation in neural circuits. However, at the higher levels of processing, specialization is often elusive, instead a mix of sensory, cognitive and behavioural quantities drive neural activity. In such networks, ensembles of neurons, rather than single units with easily interpretable tuning properties, encode behaviourally relevant variables. Here we show that this is the case also in the dentate gyrus and CA1 subregions of the hippocampus. Using calcium imaging in freely moving mice, we decoded the instantaneous position, direction of motion and speed from the activity of hundreds of cells in the hippocampus of mice freely exploring an arena. For the vast majority of neurons in both regions, their response properties were not predictive of their importance for encoding position. Furthermore, we could decode position from populations of cells that were important for decoding direction of motion and vice versa, showing that these quantities are encoded by largely overlapping ensembles as in distributed neural code. Finally, we found that correlated activities had an impact on decoding performance in CA1 but not in dentate gyrus, suggesting different enconding strategies for these areas. Our analysis indicates that classical methods of analysis based on single cell response properties might be insufficient to accurately characterize the neural computation in a given area. In contrast, population analysis may help highlight previously overlooked properties of hippocampal circuits.
Integrated systems biology and imaging of the smallest free-living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri
Authors: Smallwood Chuck R. , Chen Jian-Hua , Kumar Neeraj , Chrisler William , Purvine Samuel O. , Kyle Jennifer E. , Nicora Carrie D. , Boudreau Rosanne , Ekman Axel , Hixson Kim K. , Moore Ronald J. , McDermott Gerry , Cannon William R. , Evans James E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOstreococcus tauri is an ancient phototrophic microalgae that possesses favorable genetic and cellular characteristics for reductionist studies probing biosystem design and dynamics. Here multimodal bioimaging and multi-omics techniques were combined to interrogate O. tauri cellular changes in response to variations in bioavailable nitrogen and carbon ratios. Confocal microscopy, stimulated Raman scattering, and cryo-soft x-ray tomography revealed whole cell ultrastructural dynamics and composition while proteomic and lipidomic profiling captured changes at the molecular and macromolecular scale.Despite several energy dense long-chain triacylglycerol lipids showing more than 40-fold higher abundance under N deprivation, only a few proteins directly associated with lipid biogenesis showed significant expression changes. However, the entire pathway for starch granule biosynthesis was highly upregulated suggesting much of the cellular energy is preferentially directed towards starch over lipid accumulation. Additionally, three of the five most downregulated and five of the ten most upregulated proteins during severe nitrogen depletion were unnamed protein products that warrant additional biochemical analysis and functional annotation to control carbon transformation dynamics in this smallest eukaryote.
Epigenetic prediction of complex traits and death
Authors: McCartney Daniel L , Stevenson Anna J , Ritchie Stuart J , Walker Rosie M , Zhang Qian , Morris Stewart W , Campbell Archie , Murray Alison D , Whalley Heather C , Gale Catharine R , Porteous David J , Haley Chris S , McRae Allan F , Wray Naomi R , Visscher Peter M , McIntosh Andrew M , Evans Kathryn L , Deary Ian J , Marioni Riccardo E 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundGenome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) profiling has allowed for the development of molecular predictors for a multitude of traits and diseases. Such predictors may be more accurate than the self-reported phenotypes, and could have clinical applications. Here, penalised regression models were used to develop DNAm predictors for body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, and educational attainment in a cohort of 5,100 individuals. Using an independent test cohort comprising 906 individuals, the proportion of phenotypic variance explained in each trait was examined for DNAm-based and genetic predictors. Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated to investigate the predictive performance of DNAm-based predictors, using dichotomised phenotypes. The relationship between DNAm scores and all-cause mortality (n = 214 events) was assessed via Cox proportional-hazards models.ResultsThe DNAm-based predictors explained different proportions of the phenotypic variance for BMI (12%), smoking (60%), alcohol consumption (12%) and education (3%). The combined genetic and DNAm predictors explained 20% of the variance in BMI, 61% in smoking, 13% in alcohol consumption, and 6% in education. DNAm predictors for smoking, alcohol, and education but not BMI predicted mortality in univariate models. The predictors showed moderate discrimination of obesity (AUC=0.67) and alcohol consumption (AUC=0.75), and excellent discrimination of current smoking status (AUC=0.98). There was poorer discrimination of college-educated individuals (AUC=0.59).ConclusionsDNAm predictors correlate with lifestyle factors that are associated with health and mortality. They may supplement DNAm-based predictors of age to identify the lifestyle profiles of individuals and predict disease risk.List of abbreviationsDNAmDNA methylationBMIBody mass indexAUCArea under the curveCpGCytosine phosphate Guanine dinucleotideEWASEpigenome-wide association studyGS:SFHSGeneration Scotland: The Scottish family health studyLBC1936Lothian birth cohort 1936LASSOLeast absolute shrinkage and selector operatorHRHazard ratioCIConfidence intervalSTRADLStratifying resilience and depression longitudinally
Loss of E2F7 confers resistance to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA2-deficient cells
Authors: Clements Kristen E. , Thakar Tanay , Nicolae Claudia M. , Liang Xinwen , Wang Hong-Gang , Moldovan George-Lucian 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBRCA proteins are essential for Homologous Recombination DNA repair, and their germline or somatic inactivation is frequently observed in human tumors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to chemotherapy of BRCA-deficient tumors is paramount for developing improved personalized cancer therapies. While PARP inhibitors have been recently approved for treatment of BRCA-mutant breast and ovarian cancers, resistance to these novel drugs remains a major clinical problem. Several mechanisms of chemoresistance in BRCA2-deficient cells have been identified. Rather than restoring normal recombination, these mechanisms result in stabilization of stalled replication forks, which normally are subjected to degradation in BRCA2-mutated cells. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor E2F7 controls chemoresistance in BRCA2-deficient cells. We found that E2F7 depletion restores PARP inhibitor and cisplatin resistance in BRCA2-depleted cells. Moreover, we show that the mechanism underlying this activity involves increased expression of RAD51, a target for E2F7-mediated transcriptional repression, which enhances both Homologous Recombination DNA repair, and replication fork stability in BRCA2-deficient cells. Our work describes a new mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in BRCA2-deficient cells, and identifies E2F7 as a novel biomarker for tumor response to PARP inhibitor therapy.
Advanced aircraft performance analysis
Authors: Immer Marc , Juretzko Philipp Georg 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The preliminary aircraft design process comprises multiple disciplines. During performance analysis, parameters of the design mission have to be optimized. Mission performance optimization is often challenging, especially for complex mission profiles (e.g. for unmanned aerial vehicles [UAVs]) or hybrid-electric propulsion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find a methodology that supports aircraft performance analysis and that is applicable to complex profiles and to novel designs.

Design/methodology/approach
As its core element, the developed method uses a computationally efficient C++ software “Aircraft Performance Program” (APP), which performs a segment-based mission computation. APP performs a time integration of the equations of motion of a point mass in the vertical plane. APP is called via a command line interface from a flexible scripting language (Python). On top of APP’s internal radius of action optimization, state-of-the-art optimization packages (SciPy) are used.

Findings
The application of the method to a conventional climb schedule shows that the definition of the top of climb has a significant influence on the resulting optimum. Application of the method to a complex UAV mission optimization, which included maximizing the radius of action, was successful. Low computation time enables to perform large parametric studies. This greatly improves the interpretation of the results.

Research limitations/implications
The scope of the paper is limited to the methodology that allows for advanced performance analysis at the conceptual and preliminary design stages with an emphasis on novel propulsion concepts. The methodology is developed using existing, validated methods, and therefore, this paper does not contain comprehensive validation. Other disciplines, such as cost analysis, life-cycle assessment or market analysis, are not considered.

Practical implications
With the proposed method, it is possible to obtain not only the desired optimum mission performance but also off-design performance of the investigated design. A thorough analysis of the mission performance provides insight into the design’s capabilities and shortcomings, ultimately aiding in obtaining a more efficient design.

Originality/value
Recent developments in the area of hybrid or hybrid-electric propulsion systems have shown the need for performance computation tools aiding the related design process. The presented method is especially valuable when novel design concepts with complex mission profiles are investigated.
Vertical tail FEA with a CAD/CAE based multidisciplinary process
Authors: Deák Péter 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to make an analytical comparison of two vertical tail models from a structural point of view.

Design/methodology/approach
The original vertical tail design of PZL-106BT aircraft was used for Computer aided design (CAD) modeling and for creating the finite element model.

Findings
The nodal displacements, Von-Mises stresses and Buckling factors for two vertical tail models have been found using the finite element method. The idea of a possible Multidisciplinary concept assessment and design (MDCAD) concept was presented.

Practical implications
The used software analogy introduces an idea of having an automated calculation procedure within the framework of MDCAD.

Originality/value
The aircraft used for calculation had undergone a modification in its vertical tail length, as there was an urgent need to calculate for the plane’s manufacturer, PZL Warszawa – Okecie.
Active suppression of freeplay aeroelastic vibrations of ailerons by robust control methods with incomplete measurements
Authors: Dul Franciszek 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the active suppression of the nonlinear aeroelastic vibrations of ailerons caused by freeplay by robust H∞ and linear quadratic Gauss (LQG) methods of control in case of incomplete measurements of the state of the system.

Design/methodology/approach
The flexible wing with nonlinear aileron with freeplay is treated as a plant-controller system with H∞ and LQG controllers used to suppress the aeroelastic vibrations. The simulation approach was used for analyzing the impact of completeness of measurements on the efficiency and robustness of the controllers.

Findings
The analysis shows that the H∞ method can be effectively used for suppression of nonlinear aeroelastic vibrations of aileron, although its efficiency depends essentially on completeness and types of measurements. The LQG method is less effective, but it is also able to prevent aileron vibrations by reducing their amplitudes to acceptable, safe level.

Research limitations/implications
Only numerical analysis was carried out for the problem described; thus, the proposed solution is of theoretical value at this stage of analysis, and its application to the real suppression of aeroelastic vibrations requires further research.

Practical implications
The work presents a potentially useful solution to the problem of interest and results are a theoretical basis for further research.

Social implications
This work may lead to a hot debate on the advantages and drawbacks of the active suppression of vibrations in the aeroelasticians community.

Originality/value
The work raises the important questions of practical stabilizability of the nonlinear aeroelastic systems, their dependence on completeness and types of measurements and robustness of the controllers.