bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deriving Amorphous Component Abundance and Composition of Rocks and Sediments on Earth and Mars
Authors: Smith Rebecca J. , Rampe Elizabeth B. , Horgan Briony H. N. , Dehouck Erwin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractX‐ray amorphous materials have been detected in all samples measured by the CheMin X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) on board the Mars Science Laboratory rover in Gale Crater, Mars. The origin(s) of these materials are poorly understood, and there are significant uncertainties on their estimated abundances and compositions. Three methods are used to estimate the bulk amorphous component abundance and composition of Martian samples using XRD and bulk chemical data: (1) Rietveld refinements, (2) FULLPAT analyses, and (3) mass balance calculations. We tested these methods against a quantitative XRD (internal standard) method commonly used in terrestrial laboratories. Additionally, we tested for instrumentation effects by measuring our samples on a laboratory XRD instrument (PANalytical X'Pert Pro) and the CheMin test bed instrument (CheMin IV). We used three natural samples known to contain amorphous materials: glacial sediment, Hawaiian soil, and a paleosol. Our methods resulted in nine amorphous abundances and four amorphous compositions for each sample. For a single sample, amorphous abundance estimates and amorphous compositions are relatively similar across all estimation methods. CheMin analog measurements perform well in our tests, with amorphous abundances and compositions comparable to laboratory quantitative XRD measurements, though slightly underestimated. This suggests that previous amorphous component estimates for Martian samples are relatively accurate. This study highlights the usefulness of the mass balance calculation method for characterizing amorphous materials in terrestrial samples, providing important supplemental information to destructive and time consuming size separation and dissolution procedures.
Long-range haplotype analysis of the malaria parasite receptor gene ACKR1 in an East-African population
Authors: Yin Qinan , Srivastava Kshitij , Gebremedhin Amha , Makuria Addisalem Taye , Flegel Willy Albert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe humanACKR1gene encodes a glycoprotein expressing the Duffy blood group antigens (Fy). The Duffy protein acts as a receptor for distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines and malaria parasites. We determined the haplotypes of theACKR1gene in a population inhabiting a malaria-endemic area. We collected blood samples from 60 healthy volunteers in Ethiopia’s southwestern low-altitude tropical region. An assay was devised to amplify theACKR1gene as a single amplicon and determine its genomic sequence. All haplotypes were resolved at 5178 nucleotides each, covering the coding sequence (CDS) of theACKR1gene and including the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTR), intron 1, and the 5′- and 3′-flanking regions. When necessary, allele-specific PCR with nucleotide sequencing or length polymorphism analysis was applied. Among the 120 chromosomes analyzed, 18ACKR1alleles were confirmed without ambiguity. We found 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); only one SNP was novel. The non-coding sequences harbored 14 SNPs. No SNP, other than c.-67T>C, indicative of a non-functional allele, was detected. We described haplotypes of theACKR1gene in an autochthonous East-African population and found 18 distinctACKR1alleles. These long-range alleles are useful as templates to phase and analyze next-generation sequencing data, thus enhancing the reliability of clinical diagnostics.
Copper-on-nitride enhances the stable electrosynthesis of multi-carbon products from CO2
Authors: Liang Zhi-Qin , Zhuang Tao-Tao , Seifitokaldani Ali , Li Jun , Huang Chun-Wei , Tan Chih-Shan , Li Yi , De Luna Phil , Dinh Cao Thang , Hu Yongfeng , Xiao Qunfeng , Hsieh Pei-Lun , Wang Yuhang , Li Fengwang , Quintero-Bermudez Rafael , Zhou Yansong , Chen Peining , Pang Yuanjie , Lo Shen-Chuan , Chen Lih-Juann , Tan Hairen , Xu Zheng , Zhao Suling , Sinton David , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCopper-based materials are promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Prior studies show that the mixture of copper (I) and copper (0) at the catalyst surface enhances multi-carbon products from CO2 reduction; however, the stable presence of copper (I) remains the subject of debate. Here we report a copper on copper (I) composite that stabilizes copper (I) during CO2 reduction through the use of copper nitride as an underlying copper (I) species. We synthesize a copper-on-nitride catalyst that exhibits a Faradaic efficiency of 64 ± 2% for C2+ products. We achieve a 40-fold enhancement in the ratio of C2+ to the competing CH4 compared to the case of pure copper. We further show that the copper-on-nitride catalyst performs stable CO2 reduction over 30 h. Mechanistic studies suggest that the use of copper nitride contributes to reducing the CO dimerization energy barrier—a rate-limiting step in CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products.
Engineering of entanglement and spin state transfer via quantum chains of atomic spins at large separations
Authors: Bazhanov Dmitry I. , Sivkov Ilia N. , Stepanyuk Valeri S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeveral recent experiments have shown that long-range exchange interactions can determine collective magnetic ground states of nanostructures in bulk and on surfaces. The ability to generate and control entanglement in a system with long-range interaction will be of great importance for future quantum technology. An important step forward to reach this goal is the creation of entangled states for spins of distant magnetic atoms. Herein, the generation of long-distance entanglement between remote spins at large separations in bulk and on surface is studied theoretically, based on a quantum spin Hamiltonian and time-dependent Schrödinger equation for experimentally realized conditions. We demonstrate that long-distance entanglement can be generated between remote spins by using an appropriate quantum spin chain (a quantum mediator), composed by sets of antiferromagnetically coupled spin dimers. Ground state properties and quantum spin dynamics of entangled atoms are studied. We demonstrate that one can increase or suppress entanglement by adding a single spin in the mediator. The obtained result is explained by monogamy property of entanglement distribution inside a quantum spin system. We present a novel approach for non-local sensing of remote magnetic adatoms via spin entanglement.
Analysis of miRNAs and their target genes in five Melilotus albus NILs with different coumarin content
Authors: Wu Fan , Luo Kai , Yan Zhuanzhuan , Zhang Daiyu , Yan Qi , Zhang Yufei , Yi Xianfeng , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit diverse and important roles in regulation of various biological processes at the post-transcriptional level in plants. In this study,Melilotus albusmiRNA and their target genes were elucidated from fiveM.albusnear-isogenic lines which differ in coumarin content to construct small RNA libraries through high-throughput sequencing. A total of 417 known miRNAs and 76 novel miRNAs were identified inM.albus. In addition, 4155 different target genes for 114 known miRNA families and 14 target genes for 2 novel miRNAs were identified inM.albus. Moreover, mtr-miR5248 and mtr-miR7701-5p target c35498_g3 and gma-miR396a-3p target c37211_g1 involved in coumarin biosynthesis were identified by using the differential expression of the miRNAs and their target genes correlation analysis. The abundance of miRNAs and potential target genes were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. We also found that there were both positive and negative expression changing patterns between miRNAs and their related target genes. Our first and preliminary study of miRNAs will contribute to our understanding of the functions and molecular regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs and their target genes, and provide information on regulating the complex coumarin pathway inM.albusfor future research.
Reproducibility study on myocardial strain assessment using fast-SENC cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Giusca Sorin , Korosoglou Grigorios , Zieschang Victoria , Stoiber Lukas , Schnackenburg Bernhard , Stehning Christian , Gebker Rolf , Pieske Burkert , Schuster Andreas , Backhaus Sören , Pieske-Kraigher Elisabeth , Patel Amit , Kawaji Keigo , Steen Henning , Lapinskas Tomas , Kelle Sebastian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMyocardial strain is a well validated parameter for estimating left ventricular (LV) performance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the inter-study as well as intra- and interobserver reproducibility of fast-SENC derived myocardial strain. Eighteen subjects (11 healthy individuals and 7 patients with heart failure) underwent a cardiac MRI examination including fast-SENC acquisition for evaluating left ventricular global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential strain (GCS) as well as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The examination was repeated after 63 [range 49‒87] days and analyzed by two experienced observers. Ten datasets were repeatedly assessed after 1 month by the same observer to test intraobserver variability. The reproducibility was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. Patients with heart failure demonstrated reduced GLS and GCS compared to healthy controls (−15.7 ± 3.7 vs. −20.1 ± 1.4; p = 0.002 for GLS and −15.3 ± 3.7 vs. −21.4 ± 1.1; p = 0.001 for GCS). The test-retest analysis showed excellent ICC for LVEF (0.92), GLS (0.94) and GCS (0.95). GLS exhibited excellent ICC (0.99) in both intra- and interobserver variability analysis with very narrow limits of agreement (−0.6 to 0.5 for intraobserver and −1.3 to 0.96 for interobserver agreement). Similarly, GCS showed excellent ICC (0.99) in both variability analyses with narrow limits of agreement (−1.1 to 1.2 for intraobserver and −1.7 to 1.3 for interobserver agreement), whereas LVEF showed larger limits of agreement (−14.4 to 10.1). The analysis of fast-SENC derived myocardial strain using cardiac MRI provides a highly reproducible method for assessing LV functional performance.
The Optimal Blood Pressure Target in Different Dialysis Populations
Authors: Jhee Jong Hyun , Park Jimin , Kim Hyoungnae , Kee Youn Kyung , Park Jung Tak , Han Seung Hyeok , Yang Chul Woo , Kim Nam-Ho , Kim Yon Su , Kang Shin-Wook , Kim Yong-Lim , Yoo Tae-Hyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHypertension is common and contributes to adverse outcomes in patients undergoing dialysis. However, the proper blood pressure (BP) target remains controversial and several factors make this difficult. This study aimed to investigate the adequate BP target in patients undergoing prevalent dialysis. Data were retrieved from the Clinical Research Center for End-Stage Renal Disease (2009–2014). 2,299 patients undergoing dialysis were evaluated. Patients were assigned into eight groups according to predialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. During the median follow-up of 4.5 years, a U-shape relation between SBP and mortality was found. The risk of mortality was increased in the SBP <110 and ≥170 mmHg groups. In subgroup analysis, the risk of mortality was similarly shown U-shape with SBP in subjects with no comorbidities, and no use of antihypertensive agents. However, only lowest SBP was a risk factor for mortality in patients with older, having diabetes or coronary artery disease, whereas highest SBP was an only risk factor in younger patients. In respect of dialysis characteristics, patients undergoing hemodialysis showed U-shape between SBP and mortality, while patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis did not. Among hemodialysis patients, patients with shorter dialysis vintage and less interdialytic weight gain showed U-shape association between SBP and mortality. This study showed that the lowest or highest SBP group had higher risk of mortality. Nevertheless, the optimal target BP should be applied according to individual condition of each patient.
Dynamical instability of the electric transport in superconductors
Authors: Qiao Lei , Li Dingping , Postolova Svetlana V. , Mironov Alexey Yu. , Vinokur Valerii , Rosenstein Baruch 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe develop a nonlinear theory of the electronic transport in superconductors in the framework of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation. We utilize self-consistent Gaussian approximation and reveal the conditions under which the current-voltage V(I) dependence (I–V characteristics) acquires an S-shape form leading to switching instabilities. We demonstrate that in two-dimensions the emergence of such an instability is a hallmark of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition that we have detected by transport measurements of titanium nitride (TiN) films. Our theoretical findings compare favorably with our experimental results.
IFITM1 expression is crucial to gammaherpesvirus infection, in vivo
Authors: Hussein Hosni A. M. , Briestenska Katarina , Mistrikova Jela , Akula Shaw M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe oncogenic gammaherpesviruses, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), are etiologically associated with a variety of human cancers, including Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Recently, we demonstrated KSHV infection of B- and endothelial cells to significantly upregulate the expression of interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) which in turn enhances virus entry. This is an extension of the above study. In here, we determined EBV infection of cells to trigger IFITM1 expression, in vitro. Silencing IFITM1 expression using siRNA specifically lowered gammaherpesvirus infection of cells at a post binding stage of entry. A natural model system to explore the effect of IFITM1 on gammaherpesvirus infection in vivo is infection of BALB/c mice with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68). Priming mice with siRNA specific to IFITM1 significantly lowered MHV-68 titers in the lung specimens compared to priming with (NS)siRNA or PBS. MHV-68 titers were monitored by plaque assay and qPCR. Taken together, for the first time, this study provides insight into the critical role of IFITM1 to promoting in vivo gammaherpesvirus infections.
Acylated-acyl carrier protein stabilizes the Pseudomonas aeruginosa WaaP lipopolysaccharide heptose kinase
Authors: Kreamer Naomi N. K. , Chopra Rajiv , Caughlan Ruth E. , Fabbro Doriano , Fang Eric , Gee Patricia , Hunt Ian , Li Min , Leon Barbara C. , Muller Lionel , Vash Brian , Woods Angela L. , Stams Travis , Dean Charles R. , Uehara Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhosphorylation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is important for maintaining outer membrane integrity and intrinsic antibiotic resistance. We solved the crystal structure of the LPS heptose kinase WaaP, which is essential for growth of P. aeruginosa. WaaP was structurally similar to eukaryotic protein kinases and, intriguingly, was complexed with acylated-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP). WaaP produced by in vitro transcription-translation was insoluble unless acyl-ACP was present. WaaP variants designed to perturb the acyl-ACP interaction were less stable in cells and exhibited reduced kinase function. Mass spectrometry identified myristyl-ACP as the likely physiological binding partner for WaaP in P. aeruginosa. Together, these results demonstrate that acyl-ACP is required for WaaP protein solubility and kinase function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing acyl-ACP in the role of a cofactor necessary for the production and stability of a protein partner.
Anti-inflammatory action of cysteine derivative S-1-propenylcysteine by inducing MyD88 degradation
Authors: Suzuki Jun-ichiro , Kodera Yukihiro , Miki Satomi , Ushijima Mitsuyasu , Takashima Miyuki , Matsutomo Toshiaki , Morihara Naoaki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe degradation of target proteins by small molecules utilizing the cellular proteolytic system is featured as a treatment strategy of several diseases. We found that S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC) among several cysteine derivatives in aged garlic extract inhibited TLR-mediated IL-6 production by inducing the degradation of adaptor protein MyD88. We showed that S1PC directly denatured MyD88 and induced the formation of protein aggregates. Consequently, MyD88 was degraded by aggresome-autophagy pathway. On the other hand, S-allylcysteine, a structural analog of S1PC, failed to induce the degradation of MyD88 because of its inability to denature MyD88 although it also activated autophagy. Our findings suggest that S1PC induces MyD88 degradation through the denaturation of MyD88 and the activation of autophagy. Thus, S1PC may serve as the base to develop a therapeutic means for immune diseases associated with aberrant TLR signaling pathways.
Rapid migration of CO2-rich micro-fluids in calcite matrices
Authors: Zuddas Pierpaolo , Salvi Stefano , Lopez Olivier , DeGiudici Giovanni , Censi Paolo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe transport of supercritical fluids is a determining factor for several geological processes and fundamental in predicting natural resource accumulation and distribution. Calcite, ubiquitous in most geological environments, may contain supercritical CO2 trapped under the form of fluid inclusions that may move through grain boundaries affecting the rock physical properties. However, despite macroscopic evidence for this process, until recent it was not possible to characterize this process at the nano-scale due to the difficulty of such observations. In this study, we report nanometer-scale observations on calcite crystal surfaces and demonstrate that stress with absence of visible deformation produces fluid leakage from fluid inclusions. Atomic Force Microscopy scanning experiments on freshly cleaved calcite crystals containing visible fluid inclusions revealed the spontaneous formation of nanometer-scale hillocks on flat crystal terraces in only a few minutes, without evidence of surface dissolution. The fact the hillocks formed on flat surface in a short time was unexpected and suggests deposition of material from the inner crystal to the surface through small-scale fluid migration. We estimated the rate of this fluid mobility is by several orders of magnitude higher than the diffusion rate through vacancies estimated in calcite crystals showing that CO2–rich fluids through micro-pore and nano-pore spaces is in reality much higher than previously assumed using current predictive models.
Transcriptome Sequencing and Metabolism Analysis Reveals the role of Cyanidin Metabolism in Dark-red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bulbs
Authors: Zhang Chunsha , Li Xiaojie , Zhan Zongxiang , Cao Linjiao , Zeng Aisong , Chang Guojun , Liang Yi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOnion (Allium cepa L.) is an important bulbous vegetable crop that possesses important properties related to health as well as extraordinary colors. Naturally white onion bulbs were used in this study to reveal the complex metabolic mechanisms that underlie phenotypic traits, especially bulb pigmentation. Six libraries (three dark-red and three white) were constructed and analyzed to elucidate differences in cyanidin (Cy) metabolism between dark-red and white onion bulbs. Libraries were screened using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to reveal the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis at the transcriptional level. Comparison with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database shows that a total of 27 unigenes participate in onion anthocyanin biosynthesis and 16 DEGs perform critical roles in flavonoid biosynthesis. Expression patterns of color-related flavonoid compounds associated with the onion anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ABP) show that flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) genes play crucial roles in the biosynthesis of dark-red bulbs, the expression levels of flavonol synthase (FLS) and DFR genes may act to block blue pigmentation, and the loss of Cy from white onion bulbs might explain multibranching in the synthesis of this compound. Positive variation in the F3′5′H/F3′H ratio also affects onion bulb color diversity. The transcriptome presented here provides a basis for future onion molecular breeding based on variations in the diversity of ornamental plant pigmentation.
Effective surface conductivity of optical hyperbolic metasurfaces: from far-field characterization to surface wave analysis
Authors: Yermakov Oleh Y. , Permyakov Dmitry V. , Porubaev Filipp V. , Dmitriev Pavel A. , Samusev Anton K. , Iorsh Ivan V. , Malureanu Radu , Lavrinenko Andrei V. , Bogdanov Andrey A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces offer great potential to control near- and far-fields through engineering optical properties of elementary cells or meta-atoms. Such perspective opens a route to efficient manipulation of the optical signals both at nanoscale and in photonics applications. In this paper we show that a local surface conductivity tensor well describes optical properties of a resonant plasmonic hyperbolic metasurface both in the far-field and in the near-field regimes, where spatial dispersion usually plays a crucial role. We retrieve the effective surface conductivity tensor from the comparative analysis of experimental and numerical reflectance spectra of a metasurface composed of elliptical gold nanoparticles. Afterwards, the restored conductivities are validated by semi-analytic parameters obtained with the nonlocal discrete dipole model with and without interaction contribution between meta-atoms. The effective parameters are further used for the dispersion analysis of surface plasmons localized at the metasurface. The obtained effective conductivity describes correctly the dispersion law of both quasi-TE and quasi-TM plasmons in a wide range of optical frequencies as well as the peculiarities of their propagation regimes, in particular, topological transition from the elliptical to hyperbolic regime with eligible accuracy. The analysis in question offers a simple practical way to describe properties of metasurfaces including ones in the near-field zone with effective conductivity tensor extracting from the convenient far-field characterization.
Diet induced changes in the microbiota and cell composition of rabbit gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
Authors: Arrazuria Rakel , Pérez Valentín , Molina Elena , Juste Ramón A. , Khafipour Ehsan , Elguezabal Natalia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest immune organ of the body. Although the gut transient and mucosa-associated microbiota have been largely studied, the microbiota that colonizes the GALT has received less attention. The gut microbiome plays an important role in competitive exclusion of pathogens and in development and maturation of immunity. Diet is a key factor affecting the microbiota composition in the digestive tract. To investigate the relation between diet, microbiota and GALT, microbial and cell composition of vermiform appendix (VA) and sacculus rotundus (SR) were studied in two groups of New Zealand white rabbits on different diets. Diet shifted the lymphoid tissue microbiota affecting the presence and/or absence of certain taxa and their abundances. Immunohistochemistry revealed that a higher fibre content diet resulted in M cell hyperplasia and an increase of recently recruited macrophages, whereas T-cell levels remained unaltered in animals on both high fibre and standard diets. These findings indicate that diet has an impact on the microbiota and cell composition of the GALT, which could act as an important microbial recognition site where interactions with beneficial bacteria can take place favouring microbiota replacement after digestive dysregulations.