bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMBINING INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DATA TO ASSESS HOSPITAL COSTS FOR PATIENTS RECEIVING VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES
Authors: Prichard Roslyn , Kershaw Louise , Davidson Patricia M. , Newton Phillip J. , Goodall Stephen , Hayward Christopher 
Published: December 2018

Objectives:The aim of this study was to describe patient level costing methods and develop a database of healthcare resource use and cost in patients with AHF receiving ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy.Methods:Patient level micro-costing was used to identify documented activity in the years preceding and following VAD implantation, and preceding heart transplant for a cohort of seventy-seven consecutive patients listed for heart transplantation (2009–12). Clinician interviews verified activity, established time resource required for each activity, and added additional undocumented activities. Costs were sourced from the general ledger, salary, stock price, pharmacy formulary data, and from national medical benefits and prostheses lists. Linked administrative data analyses of activity external to the implanting institution, used National Weighted Activity Units (NWAU), 2014 efficient price, and admission complexity cost weights and were compared with micro-costed data for the implanting admission.Results:The database produced includes patient level activity and costs associated with the seventy-seven patients across thirteen resource areas including hospital activity external to the implanting center. The median cost of the implanting admission using linked administrative data was $246,839 (interquartile range [IQR] $246,839–$271,743), versus $270,716 (IQR $211,740–$378,482) for the institutional micro-costing (p = .08).Conclusions:Linked administrative data provides a useful alternative for imputing costs external to the implanting center, and combined with institutional data can illuminate both the pathways to transplant referral and the hospital activity generated by patients experiencing the terminal phases of heart failure in the year before transplant, cf-VAD implant, or death.
Newsround
Authors: Smith David Michael , Vlanti Alexandra Daphne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNewsround’ offers a platform for new data which do not appear within the specialist contributions of this year's Archaeological Reports but which nevertheless warrant emphasis, either as a result of their particular characteristics or for the contribution they make to broader archaeological narratives. This section is not intended to be exhaustive, but is designed, rather, to highlight recent discoveries in a way which complements digital content made available through Archaeology in Greece Online (https://chronique.efa.gr). The very varied nature of this material has meant that, for the most part, it has proved preferable to organize this section chronologically, although dedicated sections are provided for the inclusion of both marine archaeology and archaeological survey.
High prevalence of prediabetes and metabolic abnormalities in overweight or obese schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine or olanzapine
Authors: Larsen Julie R. , Svensson Camilla K. , Vedtofte Louise , Jakobsen Mathilde Lund , Jespersen Hans Søe , Jakobsen Michelle I. , Koyuncu Kamuran , Schjerning Ole , Nielsen Jimmi , Ekstrøm Claus T. , Holst Jens J. , Correll Christoph U. , Vilsbøll Tina , Fink-Jensen Anders 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of prediabetes and metabolic abnormalities among overweight or obese clozapine- or olanzapine-treated schizophrenia patients, and to identify characteristics of the schizophrenia group with prediabetes.MethodsA cross-sectional study assessing the presence of prediabetes and metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia clozapine- or olanzapine-treated patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2. Procedures were part of the screening process for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating liraglutide vs placebo for improving glucose tolerance. For comparison, an age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy control group without psychiatric illness and prediabetes was included. Prediabetes was defined as elevated fasting plasma glucoseand/orimpaired glucose toleranceand/orelevated glycated hemoglobin A1c.ResultsAmong 145 schizophrenia patients (age = 42.1 years; males = 59.3%) on clozapine or olanzapine (clozapine/olanzapine/both: 73.8%/24.1%/2.1%), prediabetes was present in 69.7% (101 out of 145). While schizophrenia patients with and without prediabetes did not differ regarding demographic, illness, or antipsychotic treatment variables, metabolic abnormalities (waist circumference: 116.7±13.7 vs 110.1±13.6 cm,P= 0.007; triglycerides: 2.3±1.4 vs 1.6±0.9 mmol/L,P= 0.0004) and metabolic syndrome (76.2% vs 40.9%,P<0.0001) were significantly more pronounced in schizophrenia patients with vs without prediabetes. The age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy controls had significantly better glucose tolerance compared to both groups of patients with schizophrenia. The healthy controls also had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein compared to patients with schizophrenia and prediabetes.ConclusionPrediabetes and metabolic abnormalities were highly prevalent among the clozapine- and olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia, putting these patients at great risk for later type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These results stress the importance of identifying and adequately treating prediabetes and metabolic abnormalities among clozapine- and olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia.
A systematic review of iodine deficiency among women in the UK
Authors: Jiang Huiqing , Powers Hilary J , Rossetto Giulia S 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study reviewed the literature on iodine status among women of childbearing age and pregnant women in the UK. Particular attention was given to study quality and methods used to assess iodine status.DesignA systematic review was conducted to examine the literature and critically evaluate study design.SettingStudies were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Ovid MEDLINE databases, as well as from secondary references.ParticipantsWomen of childbearing age or pregnant, living in the UK.ResultsFifty-seven articles were identified and twelve articles were selected, including a total of 5283 women. Nine studies conducted urinary iodine assessments, three studies conducted dietary assessments only, and seven studies classified their target population as iodine deficient according to WHO criteria.ConclusionsNo single study from the selected articles could produce nationally representative results regarding the prevalence of iodine deficiency among the female population in the UK. Consideration of the evidence as a whole suggests that women of childbearing age and pregnant women in the UK are generally iodine insufficient. Further large-scale research is required for more accurate and reliable evidence on iodine status in the UK.
Nonlocal Effects Dominate the Global Mean Surface Temperature Response to the Biogeophysical Effects of Deforestation
Authors: Winckler Johannes , Lejeune Quentin , Reick Christian H. , Pongratz Julia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDeforestation influences surface temperature locally (“local effects”), but also at neighboring or remote regions (“nonlocal effects”). Observations indicate that local effects induce a warming in most locations, while many climate models show a global mean cooling when simulating global deforestation. We show that a nonlocal cooling in models, which is excluded from observations, may strongly contribute to these conflicting results. For the MPI‐ESM, the globally averaged nonlocal cooling exceeds the globally averaged local warming by a factor of three, for global deforestation but also for realistic areal extents and spatial distributions of deforestation. Furthermore, the globally averaged nonlocal effects dominate the local effects in realistic scenarios across a range of climate models. We conclude that observations alone are not sufficient to capture the full biogeophysical effects, and climate models are needed to better understand and quantify the full effects of deforestation before they are considered in strategies for climate mitigation.
P Wave Azimuthal Anisotropic Tomography in Northern Chile: Insight Into Deformation in the Subduction Zone
Authors: Huang Zhouchuan , Tilmann Frederik , Comte Diana , Zhao Dapeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBased on a large data set of local body wave travel times, we determined the first 3‐D model of azimuthal P wave anisotropic tomography of northern Chile in order to study the deformation in the subduction zone. Our results indicate different deformation patterns in the overriding lithosphere, mantle wedge, and the subducting Nazca slab as well as significant along‐arc variations. Radiating fast velocity directions (FVDs) around the rupture zone of the 2014 Iquique earthquake (Mw 8.2) are notable in the crust, which may reflect the specific crustal extension induced by a point‐like stress source in the form of a fully locked asperity at the plate interface. In most of the study region, FVDs in the mantle wedge are trench normal, which we interpret to have resulted from mantle wedge flow driven by the oceanic plate subduction. However, trench‐parallel FVDs are found beneath the northern segment, which may imply the occurrence of B‐type olivine fabrics in the cold forearc mantle. Strong along‐arc variations are also observed in the subducting slab, which may reflect intraslab heterogeneity and change in the slab geometry. In the northern segment, slab bending induces generally trench‐normal extension and leads to trench‐normal FVDs in the upper part of the slab. In contrast, in the southern segment, flat slab subduction and thus slab unbending dominate, producing trench‐normal compression and trench‐parallel FVDs instead. Along the subducting slab interface, FVDs change from trench‐parallel to trench‐normal in the downdip direction, which may indicate the first‐order transition from compression in the locking area to dominant shear in the decoupling area along the slab interface.
Reliable Real‐Time Seismic Signal/Noise Discrimination With Machine Learning
Authors: Meier Men‐Andrin , Ross Zachary E. , Ramachandran Anshul , Balakrishna Ashwin , Nair Suraj , Kundzicz Peter , Li Zefeng , Andrews Jennifer , Hauksson Egill , Yue Yisong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn earthquake early warning (EEW), every sufficiently impulsive signal is potentially the first evidence for an unfolding large earthquake. More often than not, however, impulsive signals are mere nuisance signals. One of the most fundamental—and difficult—tasks in EEW is to rapidly and reliably discriminate real local earthquake signals from all other signals. This discrimination is necessarily based on very little information, typically a few seconds worth of seismic waveforms from a small number of stations. As a result, current EEW systems struggle to avoid discrimination errors and suffer from false and missed alerts. In this study we show how modern machine learning classifiers can strongly improve real‐time signal/noise discrimination. We develop and compare a series of nonlinear classifiers with variable architecture depths, including fully connected, convolutional and recurrent neural networks, and a model that combines a generative adversarial network with a random forest. We train all classifiers on the same data set, which includes 374 k local earthquake records (M3.0–9.1) and 946 k impulsive noise signals. We find that all classifiers outperform existing simple linear classifiers and that complex models trained directly on the raw signals yield the greatest degree of improvement. Using 3‐s‐long waveform snippets, the convolutional neural network and the generative adversarial network with a random forest classifiers both reach 99.5% precision and 99.3% recall on an independent validation data set. Most misclassifications stem from impulsive teleseismic records, and from incorrectly labeled records in the data set. Our results suggest that machine learning classifiers can strongly improve the reliability and speed of EEW alerts.
Fructosamine and diabetes as predictors of mortality among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors
Authors: Connor Avonne E. , Visvanathan Kala , Boone Stephanie D. , Rifai Nader , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Baumgartner Richard N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEpidemiologic studies have found that elevated insulin levels and chronic hyperglycemia among breast cancer (BC) survivors are associated with poor prognosis; few of these studies have included Hispanic women in whom diabetes is highly prevalent. We examined the associations between circulating fructosamine-a biomarker of hyperglycemia and blood glucose control, self-reported diabetes, and risk of BC-specific and all-cause mortality among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) women diagnosed with invasive BC. A total of 399 BC survivors (96 Hispanic, 303 NHW) contributed baseline data and plasma samples. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. After a median follow-up time of 13 years, a total of 134 deaths occurred, of which 56 deaths were from BC. Diabetes was associated with BC-specific (HR, 2.89; 95% CI 1.27–6.60) and all-cause (HR, 2.10; 95% CI 1.24–3.55) mortality. Associations were stronger among women with clinically high fructosamine levels (>285 µmol/L) (BC-specific: HR, 4.25; 95% CI 1.67–10.80; all-cause: HR, 2.32; 95% CI 1.30–4.14) compared to women with normal levels (≤285 µmol/L). In mediation analysis, fructosamine explained 47% of the association between diabetes and all-cause mortality and 41% of BC-specific mortality; the largest attenuation was among Hispanics for all-cause mortality (56%). Our results demonstrate that poor glycemic control explains a large extent of the relationship between diabetes and mortality among women with invasive BC, particularly among Hispanic women. The associations we observed for BC mortality should be confirmed in larger studies of ethnically diverse BC patients.
Laser-induced hierarchical carbon patterns on polyimide substrates for flexible urea sensors
Authors: Mamleyev Emil R. , Heissler Stefan , Nefedov Alexei , Weidler Peter G. , Nordin Nurdiana , Kudryashov Vladislav V. , Länge Kerstin , MacKinnon Neil , Sharma Swati 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThermochemical decomposition of organic materials under heat-treatment in the absence of oxygen, known as the pyrolysis process, is often employed to convert micro and nano patterned polymers into carbon structures, which are subsequently used as device components. Pyrolysis is performed at ≥900 °C, which entails substrate materials with a high thermal stability that excludes flexible, polymeric substrates. We use optimized laser radiation to pattern graphitic carbon structures onto commercially available polyimide (Kapton) sheets in the micrometer to millimeter scale by inducing a localized, rapid pyrolysis, for the fabrication of flexible devices. Resulting laser carbon films are electrically conductive and exhibit a high-surface area with a hierarchical porosity distribution along their cross-section. The material is obtained using various combinations of laser parameters and pyrolysis environment (oxygen-containing and inert). Extensive characterization of laser carbon is performed to understand the correlation between the material properties and laser parameters, primarily fluence and power. A photothermal carbonization mechanism based on the plume formation is proposed. Further, laser carbon is used for the fabrication of enzymatic, pH-based urea sensors using two approaches: (i) direct urease enzyme immobilization onto carbon and (ii) electrodeposition of an intermediate chitosan layer prior to urease immobilization. This flexible sensor is tested for quantitative urea detection down to 10−4 M concentrations, while a qualitative, color-indicative test is performed on a folded sensor placed inside a tube to demonstrate its compatibility with catheters. Laser carbon is suitable for a variety of other flexible electronics and sensors, can be conveniently integrated with an external circuitry, heating elements, and with other microfabrication techniques such as fluidic platforms.
Relative contributions of adipose-resident CD146+ pericytes and CD34+ adventitial progenitor cells in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Yiyun , Xu Jiajia , Chang Leslie , Meyers Carolyn A. , Zhang Lei , Broderick Kristen , Lee Min , Peault Bruno , James Aaron W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPericytes and other perivascular stem/stromal cells are of growing interest in the field of tissue engineering. A portion of perivascular cells are well recognized to have MSC (mesenchymal stem cell) characteristics, including multipotentiality, self-renewal, immunoregulatory functions, and diverse roles in tissue repair. Here, we investigate the differential but overlapping roles of two perivascular cell subsets in paracrine induction of bone repair. CD146+CD34−CD31−CD45−pericytes and CD34+CD146−CD31−CD45−adventitial cells were derived from human adipose tissue and applied alone or in combination to calvarial bone defects in mice. In vitro, osteogenic differentiation and tubulogenesis assays were performed using either fluorescence activated cell sorting-derived CD146+ pericytes or CD34+ adventitial cells. Results showed that CD146+ pericytes induced increased cord formation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo in comparison with patient-matched CD34+ adventitial cells. In contrast, CD34+ adventitial cells demonstrated heightened paracrine-induced osteogenesis in vitro. When applied in a critical-size calvarial defect model in NOD/SCID mice, the combination treatment of CD146+ pericytes with CD34+ adventitial cells led to greater re-ossification than either cell type alone. In summary, adipose-derived CD146+ pericytes and CD34+ adventitial cells display functionally distinct yet overlapping and complementary roles in bone defect repair. Consequently, CD146+ pericytes and CD34+ adventitial cells may demonstrate synergistic bone healing when applied as a combination cellular therapy.
Optogenetic control of integrin-matrix interaction
Authors: Baaske Julia , Mühlhäuser Wignand W. D. , Yousefi O. Sascha , Zanner Sebastian , Radziwill Gerald , Hörner Maximilian , Schamel Wolfgang W. A. , Weber Wilfried 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOptogenetic approaches have gathered momentum in precisely modulating and interrogating cellular signalling and gene expression. The use of optogenetics on the outer cell surface to interrogate how cells receive stimuli from their environment, however, has so far not reached its full potential. Here we demonstrate the development of an optogenetically regulated membrane receptor-ligand pair exemplified by the optically responsive interaction of an integrin receptor with the extracellular matrix. The system is based on an integrin engineered with a phytochrome-interacting factor domain (OptoIntegrin) and a red light-switchable phytochrome B-functionalized matrix (OptoMatrix). This optogenetic receptor-ligand pair enables light-inducible and -reversible cell-matrix interaction, as well as the controlled activation of downstream mechanosensory signalling pathways. Pioneering the application of optogenetic switches in the extracellular environment of cells, this OptoMatrix–OptoIntegrin system may serve as a blueprint for rendering matrix–receptor interactions amendable to precise control with light.
Forced magnetic reconnection and plasmoid coalescence
Authors: Potter M. A. , Browning P. K. , Gordovskyy M. 
Published: December 2018

Context. Forced magnetic reconnection, a reconnection event triggered by external perturbation, should be ubiquitous in the solar corona. Energy released during such cases can be much greater than that which was introduced by the perturbation. The exact dynamics of magnetic reconnection events are determined by the structure and complexity of the reconnection region: the thickness of reconnecting layers, the field curvature; the presence, shapes and sizes of magnetic islands. It is unclear how the properties of the external perturbation and the initial current sheet affect the reconnection region properties, and thereby the reconnection dynamics and energy release profile.Aims. We investigate the effect of the form of the external perturbation and initial current sheet on the evolution of the reconnection region and the energy release process. Chiefly we explore the non-linear interactions between multiple, simultaneous perturbations, which represent more realistic scenarios. Future work will use these results in test particle simulations to investigate particle acceleration over multiple reconnection events.Methods. Simulations are performed using Lare2d, a 2.5D Lagrangian-remap solver for the visco-resistive MHD equations. The model of forced reconnection is extended to include superpositions of sinusoidal driving disturbances, including localised Gaussian perturbations. A transient perturbation is applied to the boundaries of a region containing a force-free current sheet. The simulation domain is sufficiently wide to allow multiple magnetic islands to form and coalesce.Results. Island coalescence contributes significantly to energy release and involves rapid reconnection. Long wavelength modes in perturbations dominate the evolution, without the presence of which reconnection is either slow, as in the case of short wavelength modes, or the initial current sheet remains stable, as in the case of noise perturbations. Multiple perturbations combine in a highly non-linear manner: reconnection is typically faster than when either disturbance is applied individually, with multiple low-energy events contributing to the same total energy release.
Smoking is Associated with Increased Risk of Major Bleeding: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Langsted Anne , Nordestgaard Børge 
Published: December 2018

Background Tobacco smoking represents the most preventable cause of several fatal and disabling diseases worldwide. Several ingredients in tobacco have been suspected to cause changes in the arterial wall leading to instability of blood vessels. The association of smoking with major bleeding is largely unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that smoking and high tobacco consumption are associated with increased risk of bleeding.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective cohort study with a mean follow-up of 5.9 years including 99,359 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study, with a questionnaire including self-reported smoking status and information on smoking intensity in cigarettes per day and pack-years. In this study, 17,555 were current smokers, 40,182 former smokers and 41,622 were never smokers.
Results Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for current smokers versus never smokers were 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38–1.61) for any major bleeding, 1.71 (1.37–2.13) for intracranial bleeding, 1.35 (1.14–1.60) for airway bleeding, 2.20 (1.84–2.62) for gastrointestinal bleeding and 1.39 (1.26–1.55) for urinary bleeding. Increased smoking intensity was also associated with increased risk of any major bleeding, where > 40 pack-years in current and former smokers compared with never smokers had a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.45–1.73) (p for trend across four groups: < 0.001). Also, current smokers smoking > 20 cigarettes per day compared with former and never smokers had a corresponding hazard ratio of 1.67 (1.51–1.85) (p for trend across four groups: < 0.001).
Conclusion Current smokers have an increased risk of any major bleeding as well as of intracranial, airway, gastrointestinal and urinary bleeding. Also, increased smoking intensity was associated with increased risk of major bleeding.