bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Language Model Built on Sleep Stage Sequences Enables Efficient Sleep Assessment
Authors: Yu Tianyou , Gu Zhenghui , Huang Rui , Wang Fei , Li Man , Yu Jingang , Yu Zhuliang , Zhang Jun , Xu Yan , Jiang Haiteng , Liu Wenjuan , Deng Guifeng , Gao Zhengrun , Wu Yiwen , Liu Jun , Zhang Yu , Jones Matt W , Li Yuanqing , Xiao Jun , Wu Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSleep assessment is fundamental to understanding sleep architecture, identifying sleep disorders, and advancing personalized sleep medicine. However, current clinical sleep assessment methods rely on time-consuming and often costly procedures, limiting their accessibility and scalability. This study introduces SleepGPT, the first GPT-based language model for efficient sleep assessment encompassing both sleep staging and disorder identification. SleepGPT lever-ages the sequential structure of sleep hypnograms, recognizing strong correlations between successive sleep stages to extract relevant patterns and transitions. Following self-supervised pretraining on manually annotated large-scale whole-night hypnograms, SleepGPT yielded consistent performance gains in sleep staging and disorder diagnosis across five publicly available datasets, with successful blinded replications on three independent datasets. Notably, experiments on established sleep staging benchmarks validate SleepGPT as a robust add-on module that reliably enhances the performance of existing methods. SleepGPT-powered models furthermore achieved comparable sleep staging accuracy using wearable EEG and polysomnography (PSG) in a dataset recorded simultaneously with both modalities. Moreover, a SleepGPT-powered transformer model substantially surpassed state-of-the-art performance in classifying abnormal sleep stage sequences and diagnosing Type-1 narcolepsy. These findings underscore the potential of SleepGPT-powered models as clinically translatable and scalable artificial intelligence (AI) tools for sleep assessment, opening new avenues to advancing precision medicine for sleep disorders.
Symptom burden, viral load, and antibody response to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain [D614G] in an outpatient household cohort
Authors: Churiwal Mehal , Tompkins Kathleen , Streeter Gabrielle , Litel Christy , Mason Sydney , Lin Kelly , Muller Meredith , Chhetri Srijana , Belvin Tia , Basham Christopher , Whittelsey Maureen , Rapp Tyler , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Cerami Carla , Lin Jessica T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, description of COVID-19 illness among non-hospitalized patients was limited. Data from household cohorts can help reveal the full spectrum of disease and the potential for long-term sequelae, even in non-severe disease.MethodsDaily symptom diaries were collected in a US household cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infection from April to November 2020, during the pre-COVID vaccine period. SARS-CoV-2 nasal viral loads were measured at study entry and weekly until day 21; serologic testing was performed at study entry and day 28. A subset of volunteers underwent an additional assessment 8-10 months later. Participants who met the criteria for early infection—testing antibody-negative at study entry but PCR-positive either at baseline or during follow-up—were included in this analysis (n=143).ResultsDaily symptoms were ascertained in 143 outpatients with acute COVID-19, including 60 index cases who sought testing and 83 of their household contacts. Asymptomatic cases comprised 16% (13/83) of SARS-CoV-2 infections detected among household contacts. Among 119 persons with mild or moderate illness, the number of symptoms peaked 3 or 4 days after symptom onset. Fever and anosmia occurred in nearly half of participants. Symptom severity was associated with increased age, viral load, and cardiovascular disease. Increased BMI was associated with a higher antibody level at day 28, independent of symptom severity. Those with a higher day 28 antibody level were more likely to develop symptoms consistent with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as long COVID-19, 8-10 months later.ConclusionsFever, anosmia, as well as asymptomatic infection were common features of COVID-19 non-severe illness when the D614G variant circulated in the US, before the availability of vaccines or outpatient therapies. Antibody levels following acute infection were linked to the development of symptoms of PASC 8-10 months later.
Deep learning-based embryo assessment of static images can reduce the time to live birth inin vitrofertilization
Authors: Yu Lu , Lam Kevin K W , Ng Ernest H Y , Yeung William S B , Yu Lequan , Lee Yin Lau , Huang Yuanhua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe low success rate inin vitrofertilization (IVF) may be related to our inability to select embryos with good implantation potential by traditional morphology grading and remains a great challenge to clinical practice. Multiple deep learning-based methods have been introduced to improve embryo selection. However, existing methods only achieve limited prediction power and generally ignore the repeated embryo transfers from one stimulated IVF cycle. To improve the deep learning-based models, we introduce Embryo2live, which assesses the multifaceted qualities of embryos from static images taken under standard inverted microscope, primarily in vision transformer frameworks to integrate global features. We first demonstrated its superior performance in predicting Gardner’s blastocyst grades with up to 9% improvement from the best existing method. We further validated its high capability of supporting transfer learning using the large clinical dataset of the Centre. Remarkably, when applying Embryo2live to the clinical dataset for embryo prioritization, we found it improved the live birth rates of the Top 1 embryo in patients with multiple embryos available for transfer from 23.0% with conventional morphology grading to 71.3% using Embryo2live, reducing the average number of embryo transfers from 2.1 to 1.4 to attain a live birth.
Health-related quality of life in parents of long-term childhood cancer survivors: a report from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study - Parents
Authors: Kälin Sonja , Baenziger Julia , Mader Luzius , Harju Erika , Gumy-Pause Fabienne , Niggli Felix , Sommer Grit , Michel Gisela , Roser Katharina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeHaving a child with cancer can profoundly impact parents’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, there is a lack of knowledge about the long-term effects of childhood cancer on parents’ well-being. The current study aimed to 1) describe the HRQOL of parents of long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and compare it with that of parents from the general population in Switzerland, and 2) investigate sociodemographic and cancer-related determinants of lower HRQOL in parents of CCS.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 751 parents of CCS (mean time since diagnosis = 23.7 years, SD = 6.7 years) and 454 parents from the general population reported their HRQOL by completing the Short Form-36 (SF-36v2). Sociodemographic and cancer-related characteristics were also collected.ResultsMultilevel regression analyses showed that parents of CCS and parents from the general population had similar physical and mental HRQOL. When comparing mothers and fathers separately, there were no differences between the samples, except for higher HRQOL in the domain of physical functioning in mothers of CCS. Cancer-related characteristics were not associated with HRQOL in parents of CCS. Several sociodemographic characteristics such as being female, being from the French or Italian-speaking part of Switzerland, having a lower education, having a chronic condition, and having a migration background were associated with lower HRQOL.ConclusionParents of CCS are doing well a long time after their child’s cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, tailored support should be provided for at-risk demographic groups.Plain English summaryHaving a child with cancer might have a profound impact on various aspects of parents’ well-being, including their quality of life. However, not much is known about how parents are doing very long after their child’s cancer diagnosis. Our study aimed to describe the quality of life of parents of childhood cancer survivors and compare it to that of parents from the general population. Furthermore, we sought to compare mothers and fathers separately. We conducted a questionnaire survey with 751 parents of childhood cancer survivors, on average 24 years after the diagnosis. Additionally, 454 parents from the general population completed a similar questionnaire. We found that parents of survivors reported a similar quality of life to parents from the general population. When comparing mothers and fathers separately, we found no differences between the samples, except for higher quality of life in the domain of physical functioning among mothers of survivors compared to mothers of the general population. We conclude that overall, parents of childhood cancer survivors are doing well long after their child’s cancer diagnosis.
Looking into working memory to verify potential targets during search
Authors: Wang Sisi , van Ede Freek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFinding what you are looking for is a ubiquitous task in everyday life that relies on a two-way comparison between what is currently viewed and internal search goals held in memory. Yet, despite a wealth of studies tracking visual verification behavior among the external contents of perception, complementary processes associated with visual verification among internal contents of memory remain elusive. Building on a recently established gaze marker of internal visual focusing in working memory, we tracked the internal-inspection process associated with confirming or dismissing potential targets during search. We show how we look back into memory when faced with external stimuli that are perceived as potential targets and link such internal inspection to the time required for visual verification. A direct comparison between visual verification among the contents of working memory or perception further revealed how verification in both domains engages frontal theta activity in scalp EEG, but also how mnemonic verification is slower to deploy than perceptual verification. This establishes internal verification behavior as an integral component of visual search, and provides new ways to look into this underexplored component of human search behavior.
Activity-dependent extracellular proteolytic cascade remodels ECM to promote structural plasticity
Authors: Singh Jeet Bahadur , Perelló-Amorós Bartomeu , Schneeberg Jenny , Seidenbecher Constanze I. , Fejtová Anna , Dityatev Alexander , Frischknecht Renato 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe brain’s perineuronal extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial factor in maintaining the stability of mature brain circuitry. However, how is activity-induced synaptic plasticity achieved in the adult brain with a dense ECM? We hypothesized that neuronal activity induces cleavage of ECM components, creating space for synaptic rearrangements. To test this hypothesis, we investigated neuronal activity-dependent proteolytic cleavage of brevican, a prototypical perineuronal ECM proteoglycan, and its importance of this process for functional and structural synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampusex vivo. Our findings revealed that chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP) triggers a rapid brevican cleavage through the activation of an extracellular proteolytic cascade involving proprotein convertases and ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. This process is dependent on NMDA receptors and requires astrocytes. Interestingly, the extracellular full-length brevican increases upon cLTP, indicating a simultaneous secretion of ECM components. Interfering with cLTP-induced brevican cleavage did not impact the early LTP but prevented formation of new dendritic protrusions. Collectively, these results reveal a mechanism of activity-dependent ECM remodeling and suggest that ECM degradation is essential for structural synaptic plasticity.
Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis rhythms are driven by the SCN independent of adipocyte clocks
Authors: Paschos Georgios K. , Lordan Ronan , Hollingsworth Taylor , Lekkas Damien , Kelch Sean , Loro Emanuele , Verginadis Ioannis , Khurana Tejvir , Sengupta Arjun , Weljie Aalim , FitzGerald Garret A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCircadian misalignment has been associated with obesity both in rodents and humans. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis contributes to energy expenditure and can be activated in adults to reduce body weight. Although previous studies suggest control of BAT thermogenesis by the circadian clock, the site and mechanisms of regulation remain unclear. We used mice with genetic disruption of the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral tissues to delineate their role in BAT thermogenesis. Global post-natal deletion ofBmal1in adult mice (Bmal1-/-) abolishes the rhythms of interscapular BAT temperature, a measure of thermogenesis, while normal locomotor activity rhythms are maintained under a regular 12h light-12h dark schedule. Activation of thermogenesis either by exposure to cold or adrenergic stimulation of BAT displays a diurnal rhythm with higher activation during the active period. Both the rhythm and the magnitude of the thermogenic response is preserved inBmal1-/-mice. In contrast to mice with global deletion ofBmal1, mice with brown adipocyte (Ucp1-Bmal1-/-) or brown and white adipocyte (Ad-Bmal1-/-) deletion ofBmal1show intact rhythms of BAT thermogenic activity. The capacity of Ucp1-Bmal1-/-mice to activate thermogenesis in response to exposure to cold is identical to WT mice, independent of time of stimulation. Circadian rhythmicity of interscapular BAT temperature is lost in mice with SCN deletion of Bmal1 (SCN-Bmal1-/-), indicating control of BAT thermogenesis rhythms by the SCN. Control mice exhibit rhythmic BAT glucose and fatty acid uptake - a rhythm that is not recapitulated inBmal1-/-and SCN-Bmal1-/-mice but is present in Ucp1-Bmal1-/-and Ad-Bmal1-/-mice. BAT cAMP and phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (pHSL) is reduced during the active period inBmal1-/-and SCN-Bmal1-/-mice consistent with reduced sympathetic tone. Furthermore, sympathetic denervation of BAT ablates BAT temperature rhythms in WT mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that the SCN drives rhythms of BAT thermogenesis through adipocyte clock-independent, sympathetic signaling to the BAT.
Foraging associations are related with helping interactions in a cooperatively breeding bird
Authors: Ferreira André C. , Farine Damien R. , Silva Liliana R. , Fortuna Rita , Doutrelant Claire , Covas Rita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractKin selection has been the main hypothesis explaining helping behaviour in cooperative breeders, with evidence being largely based on the observation that helpers tend to provide to related offspring. However, kin-biased help could conceal additional, mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of cooperation. Under pay-to-stay, group augmentation and partner choice hypotheses, a range of direct benefits can arise through helping. Here, we explored this potential mechanism by testing whether the social associations of breeding individuals were related with the help that they received from non-breeding individuals. We collected social associations from PIT-tagged sociable weavers,Philetairus socius, at RFID feeding stations, which allowed us to compare associations between breeders and either their helpers (mostly kin) or their other kin that did not help—before, during and after reproduction. Using correlative tests and data-driven simulations, we show that helpers have stronger foraging bonds with breeders than non-helping kin, and that these stronger bonds are present both prior and post breeding. Furthermore, helper-breeding female social affiliations were positively correlated with the amount of help provided. Our results suggest that direct benefits of social associations complement kin selection to determine helping decision, and that these in turn influence future social associations.
Large inversions in Lake Malawi cichlids are associated with habitat preference, lineage, and sex determination
Authors: Kumar Nikesh M. , Cooper Taylor L. , Kocher Thomas D. , Streelman J. Todd , McGrath Patrick T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChromosomal inversions are an important class of genetic variation that link multiple alleles together into a single inherited block that can have important effects on fitness. To study the role of large inversions in the massive evolutionary radiation of Lake Malawi cichlids, we used long-read technologies to identify four single and two tandem inversions that span half of each respective chromosome, and which together encompass over 10% of the genome. Each inversion is fixed in one of the two states within the seven major ecogroups, suggesting they played a role in the separation of the major lake lineages into specific lake habitats. One exception is within the benthic sub-radiation, where both inverted and non-inverted alleles continue to segregate within the group. The evolutionary histories of three of the six inversions suggest they transferred from the pelagic Diplotaxodon group into benthic ancestors at the time the benthic sub-radiation was seeded. The remaining three inversions are found in a subset of benthic species living in deep waters. We show that some of these inversions are used as XY sex-determination systems but are also likely limited to a subset of total lake species. Our work suggests that inversions have been under both sexual and natural selection in Lake Malawi cichlids and that they will be important to understanding how this adaptive radiation evolved.
Spatiotemporal dynamics and selectivity of mRNA translation during mouse pre-implantation development
Authors: Ming Hao , Iyyappan Rajan , Kakavand Kianoush , Dvoran Michal , Susor Andrej , Jiang Zongliang 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYTranslational regulation is pivotal during preimplantation development. However, how mRNAs are selected for temporal regulation and their dynamic utilization and fate during this period are still unknown. Using a high-resolution ribosome profiling approach, we analyzed the transcriptome, as well as monosome- and polysome-bound RNAs of mouse oocytes and embryos, defining an unprecedented extent of spatiotemporal translational landscapes during this rapid developmental phase. We observed previously unknown mechanisms of translational selectivity, i.e., stage-wise deferral of loading monosome-bound mRNAs to polysome for active translation, continuous translation of both monosome and polysome-bound mRNAs at the same developmental stage, and priming to monosomes after initial activation. We showed that a eukaryotic initiation factor Eif1ad3, which is exclusively translated in the 2-Cell embryo, is required for ribosome biogenesis post embryonic genome activation. Our study thus provides genome-wide datasets and analyses of spatiotemporal translational dynamics accompanying mammalian germ cell and embryonic development and reveals the contribution of a novel translation initiation factor to mammalian pre-implantation development.
Sensing force gradients with cavity optomechanics while evading backaction
Authors: Arvidsson Elisabet K. , Scarano Ermes , Roos August K. , Qvarfort Sofia , Haviland David B. 
Published: October 2024

We study force-gradient sensing with a coherently driven mechanical resonator and phase-sensitive detection of motion through the two-tone backaction evading measurement of cavity optomechanics. The response of the optomechanical system, solved by numerical integration of the classical equations of motion, shows an extended region which is monotonic to changes in force gradient. We use Floquet theory to model the fluctuations, which rise only slightly above that of the usual backaction evading measurement in the presence of the mechanical drive. The monotonic response and minimal backaction are advantageous for applications such as atomic force microscopy.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Identifying the policy configurational conditions for off-site construction development: a case of China
Authors: Wu Zezhou , Zhang Shuhui , Xue Hong , Li Vera 
Published: October 2024

PurposeA series of policies have been formulated to promote off-site construction (OSC) development. However, the effectiveness of these policies has yet to be fully explored. This study aims to explore the practical policy configurational conditions for achieving a high level of OSC development.Design/methodology/approachData on policy configurational conditions and the OSC development level were collected from 28 provinces/municipalities in China using text mining. A mixed-method approach was used to conduct data analysis involving text analysis and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Text analysis was used to identify current policies with frequencies as independent variables and obtain the proportion of OSC projects in new construction projects as the dependent variable. QCA is employed to analyze the necessary and sufficient conditions of policy conditions for the high-level development of OSC by exploring the complex causal relationships between policy configurational conditions and the OSC development level.FindingsNine policies are obtained from the current policy framework for promoting OSC development using text analysis: industry supports, land policies, presale policies, reputation rewards, regulation controls, tax incentives, floor area rewards, financial subsidies, and loan subsidies. Four policy configurational conditions are identified that can achieve a high development level of OSC: three incentive-driven policy conditions with industry supports, presale policies, tax incentives, and floor area rewards as the core conditions, and one compulsory-driven policy conditions with land policies, financial supports, and loan supports as the core conditions using fuzzy set QCA. Moreover, our study found that a single policy cannot achieve a high level of OSC development as a necessary condition, and the policy configurational conditions that lead to high and nonhigh levels of OSC development are asymmetrical.Research limitations/implicationsThe study did not test the policy’s dynamic effects on the OSC development. A longitudinal study will be conducted to further identify the impact of policy on OSC implementation.Practical implicationsIt provides policymakers with four practical policy configurational conditions to promote OSC development and guides policymakers to optimize effective policies considering the interaction effects of effective policies such as industry supports, presale policies, tax incentives, and floor area rewards instead of their net effects.Originality/valueIt contributes to the existing literature concerning the effects of policy on emerging technology (i.e. OSC) promotion by elucidating configurative effects rather than net effects. Meanwhile, it enriches the research on the antecedent conditions that affect the implementation of other emerging technologies in the architecture engineering and construction industry.