bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xyloglucan + Gelose Combination versus Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy to First-Line Antimicrobials for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Adults
Authors: Costache Radu Cristian , Novac Bogdan , Bardan Tiberiu Razvan , Agapie Dorin Nicolae , Edu Antoine 
Published: March 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> A medical device containing xyloglucan-gelose-hibiscus-propolis (referred to hereafter as xyloglucan + gelose) acts as a mucosal barrier protector and urinary acidifier. The safety and efficacy of this device were investigated as adjuvant therapy to first-line antimicrobials for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in adults. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> In this multicentre, randomised, parallel group, double-blind, phase IV study, xyloglucan + gelose (<i>n</i> = 20) or placebo (<i>n</i> = 20) were administered orally in combination with an antimicrobial agent (e.g., ciprofloxacin) for 5 days, then alone for 5 days, then beginning on Day 30 of the study for 15 days per month for 2 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Frequency of adverse events (AEs) was 5 and 45% in the xyloglucan + gelose and placebo groups respectively. All AEs were unrelated to study products. Xyloglucan + gelose reduced uroculture positivity (defined as a bacterial count ≥10<sup>3</sup> CFU/mL) from 100% of patients at baseline to 0% at Day 11, with recurrence in 3 patients (15%) by Day 76. Corresponding results with placebo were 100% uroculture positive patients at baseline reduced to 45% at Day 11, with recurrence in 14 patients (70%) by Day 76. Xyloglucan + gelose significantly reduced the frequency of urinary incontinence and urgency of micturition compared with placebo (both <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), with symptom resolution in all patients by Day 90. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The xyloglucan + gelose medical device was safe, well tolerated, and it reduced bacteriological and symptomatic parameters in adults with uncomplicated UTI.
Estimating a Dynamic Effect of Soda Intake on Pediatric Dental Caries Using Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method
Authors: Lim Sungwoo , Tellez Marisol , Ismail Amid I. 
Published: March 2019

An effect of soda intake on dental caries in young children (birth to 5 years) may vary over time. Estimating a dynamic effect may be challenging due to time-varying confounding and loss to follow-up. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate utility of targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) method in addressing longitudinal data analysis challenges and estimating a dynamic effect of soda intake on pediatric caries. Data came from the Detroit Dental Health Project, a 4-year cohort study of low-income ­African-American children and caregivers. The sample included 995 child–caregiver pairs who participated in 2002–03 (W1) and were followed up in 2004–05 (W2) and 2007 (W3). The outcome was counts of caries surfaces at W3, and the exposure was child’s soda intake at W1 and W2. Time-varying covariates included caregiver’s smoking status, oral health fatalism, and social support. Forty-three percent of children consistently consumed soda at W1 and W2, whereas 21% were nonconsumers throughout 2 surveys. The remaining 35% switched intake status between W1 and W2. Association between soda intake patterns and caries was tested using TMLE. Children with a consistent soda intake had 1.03 more caries lesions at W3 than those with consistently no soda intake (95% CI 0.09–1.97) on average. If soda was consumed only at W1 or W2, an estimated effect of soda on caries development at W3 was no longer statistically significant. In conclusion, consistent soda intake during the early childhood led to one additional caries tooth surface. The study highlights utility of TMLE in pediatric caries research as it can handle modeling challenges associated with longitudinal data.
Some new armascirine cunaxids (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from the Eastern United States
Authors: SKVARLA MICHAEL , DOWLING ASHLEY P.G. 
Published: March 2019

Four species of the family Cunaxidae (Acari: Acariformes), i.e. Armascirus ozarkensis sp. nov., A. pennsylvanicus sp. nov., A. primigenius sp. nov., and Dactyloscirus pseduophilippinensis sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the Ozark Highlands, Mississippi, and Appalachian Plateau. In addition, three described species, Armascirus gimplei, A. harrisoni, and Dactyloscirus dolichosetorus are reported from these areas. All new and previously described species have been registered with Zoobank. A list of species, including citations of their original description and Zoobank LSID numbers, and keys to world species of both genera have been included.
Modeling Road Surface Temperature from Air Temperature and Geographical Parameters—Implication for the Application of Floating Car Data in a Road Weather Forecast Model
Authors: Hu Yumei , Almkvist Esben , Gustavsson Torbjörn , Bogren Jörgen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrecise forecasts of road surface temperature (RST) and road conditions allow winter roads to be maintained efficiently. The upcoming “big data” application known as “floating car data” (FCD) provides the opportunity to improve road weather forecasts with measurements of air temperature Ta from in-car sensors. The research thus far with regard to thermal mapping has mainly focused on clear and calm nights, which occur rarely and during low traffic intensity. It is expected that more than 99% of the FCD will be collected during conditions other than clear and calm nights. Utilizing 32 runs of thermal mapping and controlled Ta surveys carried out on mostly busy roads over one winter season, it was possible to simulate the use of Ta and geographical parameters to reflect the variation of RST. The results show that the examined route had several repeatable thermal fingerprints during times of relatively high traffic intensity and with different weather patterns. The measurement time, real-time weather pattern, and previous weather patterns influenced the spatial pattern of thermal fingerprints. The influence of urban density and altitude on RST can be partly seen in their relationship with Ta, whereas the influence of shading and sky-view factor was only seen for RST. The regression models with Ta included explained up to 82% of the RST distribution and outperformed models that are based only on the geographical parameters by as much as 30%. The performance of the models denotes the possible utility of Ta from FCD, but further investigation is needed before moving from controlled Ta measurements to Ta from FCD.
Effect of Summer Arctic Sea Ice on the Reverse August Precipitation Anomaly in Eastern China between 1998 and 2016
Authors: Shen Haibo , He Shengping , Wang Huijun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe 1997/98 and 2015/16 El Niño episodes are regarded as two super–El Niño events and have exerted profound influence on eastern China summer rainfall, as expected. However, on the subseasonal time scale, summer rainfall in these two years shows dramatic diversity, although the characteristics of the two super–El Niños are similar. This study reveals that the rainfall increased (decreased) over central China (~30°–35°N) and decreased (increased) over southeastern China (south of ~25°N) in August 1998 (2016), exhibiting a dipole anomaly pattern over eastern China. Observational analyses indicate that, associated with negative interannual variability of the sea ice area (SIA) over the Barents–Kara Seas (BKS) in July and August, August rainfall shows significantly negative (positive) anomalies over central (southeastern) China. Further analyses reveal that negative SIA anomalies in the BKS induce significantly anomalous upper-level divergence over the polar region, accompanied with anomalous upper-level convergence over the Caspian Sea. The advection of vorticity by these anomalous divergent and convergent flows indicates notable Rossby wave sources near the Caspian Sea, yielding a Rossby wave train propagating eastward to East Asia that causes positive barotropic and baroclinic energy convection near the exit region of the Asian jet stream. The accumulation of perturbation energy in East Asia stimulates the formation of the Pacific–Japan teleconnection, which is favorable for the dipole rainfall anomaly pattern over eastern China. Thus, the positive and negative SIA anomaly over the BKS in 1998 and 2016 may contribute to the reverse August precipitation anomaly in eastern China.
Assessment and Treatment of Pain during In‐Office Otolaryngology Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Frank Ethan , Carlson Bradley , Hu Amanda , Randall Derrick R. , Tamares Shanalee , Inman Jared C. , Crawley Brianna K. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo qualitatively assess practices of periprocedural pain assessment and control and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for pain during in‐office procedures reported in the otolaryngology literature through a systematic review.Data SourcesPubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science searches from inception to 2018.Review MethodsEnglish‐language studies reporting qualitative or quantitative data for periprocedural pain assessment in adult patients undergoing in‐office otolaryngology procedures were included. Risk of bias was assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias or Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non‐Randomized Studies of Interventions tools as appropriate. Two reviewers screened all articles. Bias was assessed by 3 reviewers.ResultsEighty‐six studies describing 32 types of procedures met inclusion criteria. Study quality and risk of bias ranged from good to serious but did not affect assessed outcomes. Validated methods of pain assessment were used by only 45% of studies. The most commonly used pain assessment was patient tolerance, or ability to simply complete a procedure. Only 5.8% of studies elicited patients’ baseline pain levels prior to procedures, and a qualitative assessment of pain was done in merely 3.5%. Eleven unique pain control regimens were described in the literature, with 8% of studies failing to report method of pain control.ConclusionMany reports of measures and management of pain for in‐office procedures exist but few employ validated measures, few are standardized, and current data do not support any specific pain control measures over others. Significant opportunity remains to investigate methods for improving patient pain and tolerance of in‐office procedures.
Dose-dependent effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram: A combined SPECT and phMRI study
Authors: Schrantee Anouk , Solleveld Michelle M , Schwantje Hilde , Bruin Willem B , Mutsaerts Henk-Jan MM , Adriaanse Sofie M , Lucassen Paul , Booij Jan , Reneman Liesbeth 
Published: March 2019

Background: Serotonin transporter blockers, like citalopram, dose-dependently bind to the serotonin transporter. Pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) can be used to non-invasively monitor effects of serotonergic medication. Although previous studies showed that phMRI can measure the effect of a single dose of serotoninergic medication, it is currently unclear whether it can also detect dose-dependent effects. Aims: To investigate the dose-dependent phMRI response to citalopram and compared this with serotonin transporter occupancy, measured with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: Forty-five healthy females were randomized to pre-treatment with placebo, a low (4 mg) or clinically standard (16 mg) oral citalopram dose. Prior to citalopram, and 3 h after, subjects underwent SPECT scanning. Subsequently, a phMRI scan with a citalopram challenge (7.5 mg intravenously) was conducted. Change in cerebral blood flow in response to the citalopram challenge was assessed in the thalamus and occipital cortex (control region). Results: Citalopram dose-dependently affected serotonin transporter occupancy, as measured with SPECT. In addition, citalopram dose-dependently affected the phMRI response to intravenous citalopram in the thalamus (but not occipital cortex), but phMRI was less sensitive in distinguishing between groups than SPECT. Serotonin transporter occupancy showed a trend-significant correlation to thalamic cerebral blood flow change. Conclusion: These results suggest that phMRI likely suffers from higher variation than SPECT, but that these techniques probably also assess different functional aspects of the serotonergic synapse; therefore phMRI could complement positron emission tomography/SPECT for measuring effects of serotonergic medication.
The prevalence of headache in German pupils of different ages and school types
Authors: Nieswand Vera , Richter Matthias , Berner Reinhard , von der Hagen Maja , Klimova Anna , Roeder Ingo , Koch Thea , Sabatowski Rainer , Gossrau Gudrun 
Published: March 2019

Background/objectiveHeadache in pupils is underestimated and has a negative impact on learning and life. The aim of this study was to investigate headache prevalence and its collateral effects, in pupils of different ages and school types in a German city.MethodsAnonymized questionnaires were distributed to 5419 pupils attending primary and secondary schools. Demographics, headache frequency, analgesic use, school absence and, for secondary school children, data on lifestyle were collected.ResultsThe questionnaire was returned by 2706 children (49%), 1362 (50.3%) girls, 1344 (49.7%) boys. Of these, 36.6% indicated a frequency of 1, and 31.5% a frequency of ≥ 2 headache days per month within the last 3 months. Headache prevalence increased with school grade, age and secondary school type: 63.6%, 67.2% and 79.5% for primary school children, pupils attending 8-year and pupils attending 6-year secondary schools, respectively. With secondary school level I certificates, pupils are prepared for general professional training in 6 years. Secondary school level II results, after 8 years of training, in university entrance level II certificates, which are the precondition for university studies. Girls reported significantly more headache than boys (73% vs. 63.1%). A significant relationship has been observed between headache frequency and school absence and between headache intensity and headache frequency. Of pupils with headache at least twice a month, 48.1% reported analgesic intake. Ibuprofen (49.1%) and paracetamol (32.8%) were the most frequently used analgesics. Of those pupils with headache ≥ 2 days/month, 68.3% did not have a specific headache diagnosis. Concomitant diseases and regular drug intake, analgesic intake for another reason than headache, caffeine consumption and lack of participation in sports were positively correlated with headache.ConclusionsThe majority of pupils suffer from headache at least once a month. Since frequent headache results in educational and social limitations, pupils at risk should be identified and referred to headache education programs. Efforts are needed to improve the management of juvenile headache patients.
Gliomatosis Cerebri Among Children and Adolescents: An Individual-Patient Data Meta-analysis of 182 Patients
Authors: Georgakis Marios K. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Pourtsidis Apostolos , Petridou Eleni Th. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare but fatal widespread infiltrating central nervous system tumor. We aimed to describe diagnostic and prognostic features of gliomatosis cerebri among children and adolescents. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review for published case reports and case series on patients with histologically confirmed gliomatosis cerebri and extracted data on an individual patient level for those aged 0-18 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were fit for overall survival. Results: Following screening of 274 published studies, 182 gliomatosis cerebri patients (63% males) aged 0-18 years with individual-level data available were identified. The most common presenting symptoms were seizures (52%), focal motor deficits (36%), and headache (30%). Imaging showed bilateral hemisphere involvement in 60%, infratentorial infiltration in 39%, and a focal contrast-enhanced mass (type II gliomatosis cerebri) in 27% of cases. Anaplastic astrocytoma was the most common histologic subtype of pediatric gliomatosis cerebri, whereas MGMT promoter methylation, IDH1 mutations, and codeletion of 1p/19q were less common molecular aberrations, as compared to adult gliomatosis cerebri. In the multivariable analyses, age at diagnosis >4 years, extended central nervous system infiltration, coordination abnormalities, and cognitive decline were predictors of worse outcome. Conversely, IDH1 mutations were associated with prolonged overall survival. Chemotherapy and extended surgical resection were associated with improved outcome, whereas radiotherapy was not associated with overall survival and was inferior to chemotherapy alone. Conclusion: Gliomatosis cerebri among children and adolescents presents distinct histopathologic and molecular features compared to adults. However, similar associations of chemotherapy, and, when feasible, extended surgical resection, with favorable outcomes were noted among the 2 age groups.
Postoperative Drain Use in Cranial Vault Remodeling: A Survey of Craniofacial Surgeon Practices and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Jodeh Diana S. , Khavanin Nima , Cray James J. , Tuite Gerald F. , Steinberg Jordan P. , Rottgers S. Alex 
Published: March 2019

Background: The use of subgaleal drains following primary cranioplasty for craniosynostosis has undergone limited investigation. Proposed benefits include prevention of seroma, detection of postoperative bleeding, and cerebrospinal fluid leak. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and surveyed craniofacial surgeons to ascertain the current evidence pertaining to drain use following primary cranioplasty for craniosynostosis and to determine surgical practice patterns. Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Abstracts were reviewed by 2 investigators, and a Cohen κ statistic was calculated. Patient demographic and outcome data were extracted and compared. A 9-question survey was e-mailed to active and associate members of the American Society of Craniofacial Surgeons. Results: A total of 7395 unique citations were identified. Only 2 retrospective chart reviews met inclusion criteria. All objective parameters demonstrated no difference between patients with and without drains. A subjective benefit of limiting facial swelling was proposed without objective analysis. Fifty (32.5%) of the 154 craniofacial surgeons responded to the survey. Forty-two percent used postoperative drains. A significant association ( P = .01) was found between the belief that drains limited facial swelling and their use. Conclusions: The literature examining postoperative drain use in primary cranioplasty for craniosynostosis is restricted. The current studies show no definite benefit to drain use but are limited in their assessment of key outcomes. There is wide variability among surgeons regarding drain use, and this seems to be motivated by belief and tradition.
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children
Authors: Isa Tsunenori , Sawa Ryuichi , Torizawa Kohtaroh , Murata Shunsuke , Saito Takashi , Ebina Aoi , Kondo Yuki , Tsuboi Yamato , Fukuta Akimasa , Misu Shogo , Ono Rei 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) in Japanese children aged 9 to 12 years. Methods: A total of 210 children aged between 9 and 12 years participated. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated using Cronbach alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Validity was evaluated using athletic competence (AC), self-efficacy (SE), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%BF), cardiovascular fitness (CVF), and World Health Organization Health Behavior in School-aged Children (WHO HBSC) physical activity questionnaire. Results: Internal consistency was acceptable (alpha = 0.80) and test-retest reliability showed excellent agreement (ICC = 0.83). The PAQ-C score was significantly correlated with AC ( r = 0.41), SE ( r = 0.65), %BF ( r = 0.19), and CVF ( r = −0.32). The PAQ-C score of the active group classified by the WHO HBSC physical activity questionnaire (mean score ± standard deviation [SD] = 3.03 ± 0.57) was significantly higher than that of the inactive group (mean score ± SD = 2.27 ± 0.63, P < .01). Conclusions: The PAQ-C had acceptable reliability and validity. The PAQ-C is a useful instrument to evaluate physical activity for Japanese children aged 9 to 12 years.
Variation in Platelet Transfusion Practices in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Zhou Xun , Fraser Charles D. , Suarez-Pierre Alejandro , Crawford Todd C. , Alejo Diane , Conte John V. , Lawton Jennifer S. , Fonner Clifford E. , Taylor Bradley S. , Whitman Glenn J.R. , Salenger Rawn 
Published: March 2019

Objective Although the morbidity associated with red blood cell transfusion in cardiac surgery has been well described, the impacts of platelet transfusion are less clearly understood. Given the conflicting results of prior studies, we sought to investigate the impact of platelet transfusion on outcomes after cardiac surgery across institutions in Maryland. Methods Using a multiinstitutional statewide database created by the Maryland Cardiac Surgery Quality Initiative, we retrospectively analyzed data from 10,478 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass across 10 centers. Platelet transfusion practices were compared between institutions. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between platelet transfusion and 30-day mortality and postoperative complications. Results Rates of platelet transfusion varied between institutions from 4.4% to 24.7% ( P < 0.001), a difference that remained statistically significant in propensity score–matched cohorts. Among patients on preoperative antiplatelet therapy, transfusion rates varied from 8.5% to 46.4% ( P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant relationship between case volume and transfusion rates ( P = 0.815). In multivariate logistic regression, platelet transfusion was associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality (OR 2.43, P = 0.008), postoperative pneumonia (OR 2.21, P = 0.004), prolonged intubation (OR 2.05, P < 0.001), and readmission (OR 1.43, P = 0.039). Conclusions Significant variation existed in platelet transfusion rates between institutions, even after controlling for various risk factors. This variation may be associated with increased mortality and length of stay. Further study is warranted to better understand risks associated with platelet transfusion. Standardizing practice may help reduce risk and conserve resources.