bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Structures Is Accompanied by Compensatory Increase in Action Potential-Dependent Synaptic Input to Layer V Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons in Aged Rats
Authors: Wong Tak Pan , Marchese Giorgio , Casu Maria Antonietta , Ribeiro-da-Silva Alfredo , Cuello A. Claudio , De Koninck Yves 
Published: April 2018

Reduction in both presynaptic and postsynaptic structures in the aging neocortex may significantly affect functional synaptic properties in this area. To directly address this issue, we combined whole-cell patch-clamp recording of spontaneously occurring postsynaptic currents (PSCs) with morphological analysis of layer V pyramidal neurons in the parietal cortex of young adult (1- to 2-month-old) and aged (28- to 37-month-old) BNxF344 F1hybrid rats. Analysis of spontaneous PSCs was used to contrast functional properties of basal synaptic input with structural alterations in the dendritic tree of pyramidal neurons and density of terminals in contact with these cells.We observed significant changes in a number of morphological parameters of pyramidal neurons in aged rats. These include smaller cell body size and fewer basal dendritic branches (but not of oblique dendrites and dendritic tufts) and spines. Ultrastructural analysis also revealed a lower density of presynaptic terminals per unit length of postsynaptic membrane of labeled pyramidal neurons in the aged brain. This reduction in both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements was paralleled by a significant decrease in frequency of tetrodotoxin-insensitive miniature (action potential-independent) PSCs (mPSCs). The frequency of excitatory and inhibitory mPSCs was reduced to the same extent. In contrast, no significant change was observed in the frequency of spontaneous PSCs recorded in absence of tetrodotoxin (sPSCs), indicating an increase in action potential-dependent (frequencysPSCs− frequencymPSCs) input to pyramidal neurons in the aged group. This functional compensation may explain the lack of drastic loss of spontaneous neuronal activity in normal aging.
Motoneuron Survival Is Enhanced in the Absence of Neuromuscular Junction Formation in Embryos
Authors: Terrado J. , Burgess R. W. , DeChiara T. , Yancopoulos G. , Sanes J. R. , Kato A. C. 
Published: April 2018

Approximately half of the motoneurons produced during development die before birth or shortly after birth. Although it is believed that survival depends on a restricted supply of a trophic sustenance produced by the synaptic target tissue (i.e., muscle), it is unclear whether synapse formation per se is involved in motoneuron survival. To address this issue, we counted cranial motoneurons in a set of mutant mice in which formation of neuromuscular junctions is dramatically impaired (i.e., null mutants for agrin, nerve-derived agrin, rapsyn, and MuSK).We demonstrate that in the absence of synaptogenesis, there is an 18–34% increase in motoneuron survival in the facial, trochlear, trigeminal motor, and hypoglossal nuclei; the highest survival occurred in the MuSK-deficient animals in which synapse formation is most severely compromised. There was no change in the size of the mutant motoneurons as compared with control animals, and the morphology of the mutant motoneurons appeared normal. We postulate that the increased axonal branching observed in these mutants leads to a facilitated “access” of the motoneurons to muscle-derived trophic factors at sites other than synapses or that inactivity increases the production of such factors. Finally, we examined motoneurons in double mutants of CNTFRα−/−(in which there is a partial loss of motoneurons) and MuSK−/−(in which there is an increased survival of motoneurons). The motoneuron numbers in the double mutants parallel those of the single MuSK-deficient mice, indicating that synapse disruption can even overcome the deleterious effect of CNTFRα ablation.
The Role of Dopamine Receptors in Regulating the Size of Axonal Arbors
Authors: Parish C. L. , Finkelstein D. I. , Drago J. , Borrelli E. , Horne M. K. 
Published: April 2018

Factors that regulate terminal arbor size of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons during development and after injury are not well understood. This study examined the role of dopamine receptors in regulating arbor size. Terminal arbors were examined in mice with targeted deletion of the D1 or D2 dopamine receptor [D1(−/−) and D2(−/−) mice, respectively]. Terminal trees were also examined after treatment with receptor blockers and after partial SNpc lesions. Immunohistochemistry was performed, and the number of SNpc neurons and dopaminergic terminals in the striatum was estimated. The number of dopaminergic SNpc neurons were reduced in D1(−/−) and D2(−/−) mice. Density of dopaminergic terminals was unchanged in D1(−/−) mice and increased in D2 (−/−) mice. Steady-state striatal DA and DOPAC levels revealed that dopamine activity was enhanced in D2(−/−) mice but reduced in D1(−/−) mice.Two months after partial SNpc lesions, striatal terminal density was normal in both wild-type and D1(−/−) mice but reduced in D2(−/−) mice. Administration of DA receptor antagonists resulted in larger terminal arbors in D1(−/−) and wild-type mice, whereas D2(−/−) mice showed no change in terminal density.Functional blockade of the D2R during development or in the adult brain results in increased axonal sprouting. Partial SNpc lesions resulted in compensatory sprouting, only in mice with functional D2R. These results suggest that individual dopaminergic axons in D2(−/−) mice have reached maximal arbor size. We conclude that the D2 receptor may play a role in modulating the extent of the terminal arbor of SNpc neurons.
The Neuropeptide Y Y5 Receptor Mediates the Blockade of “Photic-Like” NMDA-Induced Phase Shifts in the Golden Hamster
Authors: Yannielli Paola C. , Harrington Mary E. 
Published: April 2018

Circadian or daily rhythms generated from the mammalian suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus can be synchronized by light and nonphotic stimuli. Whereas glutamate mediates photic information, nonphotic information can in some cases be mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY) or serotonin. NPY or serotonin can reduce the phase-resetting effect of light or glutamate; however, the mechanisms and level of interaction of these two kinds of stimuli are unknown. Here we investigate the effect of NPY on the NMDA-induced phase shift of the hamster SCN circadian neural activity rhythm by means of single-unit recording techniques.NMDA (10–100 μm) applied in the early subjective night induced phase delays in the time of peak firing, whereas doses in the millimolar range disrupted firing patterns. The NMDA-induced phase delay was blocked by coapplication of NPY (0.02–200 μm). NPY Y1/Y5 and Y5 receptor agonists, but not the Y2 receptor agonist, blocked the NMDA-induced phase delay in a similar manner as NPY. The coapplication of a Y5 but not Y1 receptor antagonist eliminated NPY blockade of NMDA-induced phase delays, suggesting that the Y5 receptor is capable of mediating the inhibitory effect of NPY on photic responses. These results indicate that nonphotic and photic stimuli may interact at a level at or beyond NMDA receptor response and indicate that the Y5 receptor is involved in this interaction. Alteration of Y5 receptor function may therefore be expected to alter synchronization of circadian rhythms to light.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Upregulation in A-Fibers after Spinal Nerve Injury: 2-Methyl-6-(Phenylethynyl)-Pyridine (MPEP) Reverses the Induced Thermal Hyperalgesia
Authors: Hudson Lindsey J. , Bevan Stuart , McNair Kara , Gentry Clive , Fox Alyson , Kuhn Rainer , Winter Janet 
Published: April 2018

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) protein increased after sciatic nerve section in ipsilateral L4 and L5 DRG neuronal profiles, with most of the increase occurring in myelinated A-fiber somata. mGluR5 also increased in lamina II of the ipsilateral spinal cord and the proximal sciatic nerve stump in this model. After L5 spinal nerve ligation, mGluR5 immunoreactivity increased dramatically not only in damaged L5 but also in the neighboring undamaged L4. Interestingly, after partial sciatic nerve section, mGluR5 expression did not change in either L4 or L5 DRG neuronal profiles.Both spinal nerve ligation and sciatic nerve partial section produced significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. After partial sciatic nerve section, the mGluR5-specific antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) had no effect on any of these behaviors. However, after L5 spinal nerve ligation, although MPEP failed to alter the induced tactile allodynia or mechanical hyperalgesia, it dose dependently reversed the developed thermal hyperalgesia.Therefore, reversal of thermal hyperalgesia by MPEP correlates with increased mGluR5 in lumbar DRG A-fiber somata after nerve injury. Furthermore, A-fibers in the uninjured L4 DRG after L5 spinal nerve ligation that have increased mGluR5 are the same A-fibers that newly express vanilloid receptor 1 after such injury. Together, these results suggest that, after L5 spinal nerve injury, mGluR5 expression on A-fibers is essential to the development of thermal hyperalgesia. After partial nerve section, however, it is unlikely that thermal responses are mediated through mGluR5 because no such increase in mGluR5 is detected in this model and MPEP is ineffective.
α1b-Adrenergic Receptors Control Locomotor and Rewarding Effects of Psychostimulants and Opiates
Authors: Drouin Candice , Darracq Laurent , Trovero Fabrice , Blanc Gérard , Glowinski Jacques , Cotecchia Susanna , Tassin Jean-Pol 
Published: April 2018

Drugs of abuse, such as psychostimulants and opiates, are generally considered as exerting their locomotor and rewarding effects through an increased dopaminergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens. Noradrenergic transmission may also be implicated because most psychostimulants increase norepinephrine (NE) release, and numerous studies have indicated interactions between noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons through α1-adrenergic receptors. However, analysis of the effects of psychostimulants after either destruction of noradrenergic neurons or pharmacological blockade of α1-adrenergic receptors led to conflicting results. Here we show that the locomotor hyperactivities induced byd-amphetamine (1–3 mg/kg), cocaine (5–20 mg/kg), or morphine (5–10 mg/kg) in mice lacking the α1b subtype of adrenergic receptors were dramatically decreased when compared with wild-type littermates. Moreover, behavioral sensitizations induced byd-amphetamine (1–2 mg/kg), cocaine (5–15 mg/kg), or morphine (7.5 mg/kg) were also decreased in knock-out mice when compared with wild-type. Ruling out a neurological deficit in knock-out mice, both strains reacted similarly to novelty, to intraperitoneal saline, or to the administration of scopolamine (1 mg/kg), an anti-muscarinic agent. Finally, rewarding properties could not be observed in knock-out mice in an oral preference test (cocaine and morphine) and conditioned place preference (morphine) paradigm.Because catecholamine tissue levels, autoradiography of D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptors, and of dopamine reuptake sites and locomotor response to a D1 agonist showed that basal dopaminergic transmission was similar in knock-out and wild-type mice, our data indicate a critical role of α1b-adrenergic receptors and noradrenergic transmission in the vulnerability to addiction.
Selective Reactions of Cutaneous and Muscle Afferent Neurons to Peripheral Nerve Transection in Rats
Authors: Hu Ping , McLachlan Elspeth M. 
Published: April 2018

To determine whether peripheral nerve injury has similar effects on all functional types of afferent neuron, we retrogradely labeled populations of neurons projecting to skin and to muscle with FluoroGold and lesioned various peripheral nerves in the rat. Labeled neurons were counted after different periods and related to immunohistochemically identified ectopic terminals and satellite cells in lumbar dorsal root ganglia.After 10 weeks, 30% of cutaneous afferent somata labeled from transected sural nerves had disappeared but, if all other branches of the sciatic nerve had also been cut, 60% of cutaneous neurons were lost. Small-diameter sural neurons preferentially disappeared. In contrast, the number of muscle afferent somata was not affected by transection of various nerves. p75 was downregulated in axotomized cutaneous neurons but in not axotomized muscle neurons.Conversely, p75 was upregulated in satellite cells around cutaneous but not muscle neurons. Consistent with this, perineuronal rings containing tyrosine hydroxylase, calcitonin gene-related peptide, galanin, or synaptophysin were formed preferentially around cutaneous neurons. Selective lesions of predominantly cutaneous nerves triggered the formation of rings, but none were detected after selective lesions of muscle nerves.We conclude that cutaneous neurons are both more vulnerable and more associated with ectopic nerve terminals than muscle neurons in dorsal root ganglia after transection and ligation of peripheral nerves.
ANALISIS PENGAWASAN KAPAL PERIKANAN TERHADAP PENANGGULANGAN ILLEGAL FISHING DI PERAIRAN KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE, INDONESIA
Authors: Suharto Bayu Y. , Budiman Johnny , Karwur Denny BA 
Published: April 2018

Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe termasuk wilayah yang berbatasan langsung dengan negara lain yaitu Philipina dan juga mempunyai karakteristik wilayah perairan yang memiliki keragaman sumberdaya hayati yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Permasalahan yang dihadapai saat ini adalah masih maraknya kegiatan illegal fishing yang terjadi baik dilakukan oleh kapal ikan asing ataupun kapal ikan Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis stakeholder prioritas dan faktor-faktor penting dalam pengawasan kegiatan illegal fishing. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis AHP (Analisis Hirarki Proses) yaitu untuk menentukan stakeholder prioritas dan faktor-faktor prioritas dalam pengawasan kapal perikanan dan meningkatkan strategi penerapan kebijakan yang tepat dalam kegiatan pengawasanillegal fishing di wilayah perairan Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemerintah pusat menjadi stakholder prioritas dalam pengawasan kegiatan illegal fishing di perairan Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, yang didukung oleh kegiatan penegakan hukum dan peran dari pemerintah daerah. Faktor-faktor penting dalam pengawasan kegiatan illegal fishing yaitu ketersediaanya sarana, prasarana pengawasan dan anggaran pengawasan serta ditunjang dengan sumber daya manusia pengawas yang terampil dan juga sosialisasi peraturan sehingga kegiatan pengawasan kapal perikanan dapat berjalan dengan optimal.Title: Analysis of Fishing Vessel Supervision on Illegal Fishing Control in the Waters of The Regency of Sangihe Islands, IndonesiaThe regency of Sangihe Islands belongs to an area directly bordering with the neighborhood country, the Philippines and also possesses a typical marine waters with diverse highly economic living resources. Recent problem is illegal fishing practices done by either Indonesian or foreign fishing vessels. Analyze stakeholder priorities and important factors in controlling the illegal fishing activities. The study used a Hierarchy Process Analysis to determine the priority stakeholders and the priority factors in fishery vessel supervision and develop the appropriate policy implementation strategy in illegal fishing surveillance activities in the territorial waters of Sangihe Islands Regency. Results indicated that the Central Government became the priority stakeholder in supervising the illegal fishing in the waters of Sangihe Islands regency, supported by law enforcement activities and the role of the local government. Important factors in the supervision of illegal fishing activities are availability of facilities, monitoring infrastructure and supervision budget and supported by skilled human resources supervisor and also socialization of regulation so that fishery supervision activity can run optimal.
Usefulness of P300 audiological test assessment in patients with snoring for cognitive ability
Authors: M. Gowri Shankar , K. Athiyaman , S. Natarajan , Mahadevan Anitha 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Snoring is a sleep disorder which often causes cognitive dysfunction, due to inadequate rhythms of sleep cycle. Commonly evaluated with polysomnography. P300 is an electrophysiological method to measure the cognitive dysfunction. Usefulness of P300 audiological test in snoring for cognitive ability is studied here.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective study with 20 cases and 30 controls. Cases were selected with simple sleep apnoea questionnaires and snoring people were selected as cases. Healthy non snoring people were selected as controls. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Significant increase in latency of P300 in snoring people (50%); more in males and in the middle aged group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> P300 is an electrophysiological method to measure the cognitive dysfunction in snoring people.</p>
İşyeri Kabalığının Öznel İyi Oluş Haline Etkisi
Authors: Küçük Özlem , Çakıcı Ayşehan 
Published: April 2018

Çalışma
yaşamında, çalışanlar ve yönetici davranışları karşılıklı olarak bireylerin
anlık mutluluklarına yansıyabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla iş yaşamında yöneticilerin
kaba davranışları, çalışanların kendilerini nasıl hissettiklerine önemli ölçüde
etki edebilmektedir. Bu çerçevede, işyeri kabalığının çalışanların öznel iyi
oluş haline etkisini belirlemek amacıyla bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Veriler, literatüre dayalı geliştirilen bir
anket ile derlenmiştir. Anket, 2017 yılı Ocak-Mart ayları arasında kolayda
örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak, Mersin ilindeki kamu ve özel sektör
kurumlarında çalışan 477 kişiye yüz yüze ve e-posta yoluyla uygulanmıştır.
Verilerin analizinde; tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra faktör ve regresyon
analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Yönetici kabalığındaki bir birimlik artışın
çalışanın genel öznel iyi oluş halini 0,215 birim azaltırken, iş
arkadaşlarından kaynaklı kabalığın 0,150 birim azalttığı tespit edilmiştir.
İşyeri kabalığının çalışanların öznel iyi oluşlarını %9 oranında
açıklayabildiği bulunmuştur. Makale, yöneticilerin işletme başarısında çalışan
mutluluğunun yadsınamaz bir gerçek olduğunu dikkate almaları ve bu nedenle de
ilişkilerde kabalığın yerinin nezakete bırakılmasına ilişkin önerilerle son
bulmaktadır.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF AGILE WITH TRADITIONAL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Authors: Kataria Priyanka , Shrivas Shweta , Shukla Ishita , Hemlata A. 
Published: April 2018

During the past years, new software development approaches were introduced to suit within the new trend of the software development corporations. Most Software Corporation’s today aim to provide valuable software in short period of time with marginal prices and among unstable, ever-changing environments. Agile methodology focuses on the challenges of unpredictability of the real world by relying on individuals and their creative thinking instead of method. In this paper we tend to explore about the current agile methods, strengths and weaknesses of agile strategies and numerous problems with their relevancy. We have conjointly enclosed comparison between traditional software development process and agile software development process. This paper also includes brief discussion about the benefits and problems associated with these methodologies by performing case study of two corporations.
Investigation of Post-Abandonment Surface Subsidence in Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Operations
Authors: Hossini Amir , Mostafavi Vahid , Bresee Don 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) has been extensively applied in thermal recovery from oil sands reservoirs in the Athabasca region of Northern Alberta, Canada. As the steam chambers associated with SAGD well pairs become mature, a form of abandonment is often applied that may include pressure maintenance in the depleted zone. Quantification of potential surface subsidence associated with SAGD abandonment becomes critical especially when the mature wells are in proximity to future developments. In addition, induced shear stresses should be estimated to fulfill well-integrity requirements. In the context of this case study, first, the development of a static geomechanical model (SGM) derived from a fine-tuned geomodel realization is discussed, which forms the basis for the iteratively coupled simulation model. The calibration work flow of the coupled reservoir/geomechanical simulation model to historical heave data is then reviewed and the effects of different parameters on calibration quality are investigated. Finally, the estimation of subsidence and the induced shear stresses in the nearby wells are discussed, and the magnitude of residual heave is quantified. The results of this study show that only a fraction (up to 38%) of surface heave is reversible (in form of subsidence) during the abandonment phase. Therefore, the magnitude of the surface subsidence and the associated shear stresses are small. The modeling study has also shown that a small magnitude of subsidence may be recorded even 10 years after abandonment. However, more than 50% of the surface subsidence is observed in the first 2 years after abandonment. Other important findings of this study include documenting the effects of thief-zone interaction and pseudoundrained loading as they relate to irreversibility of surface heave; documenting the effects of various geomechanical parameters on the quality of calibration against the historical heave data; observation of the relative effects of the isotropic unloading, thermal expansion, and shear dilatancy on the magnitude of heave; and quantification of incremental, yet small, shear stresses along the nearby horizontal wells.
The relationship between fat, oil and grease (FOG) deposits in building drainage systems and FOG disposal patterns
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Eva , Langeveld Jeroen , Clemens François 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Fat, oil and grease (FOG) deposits are an important contributor to blockages in building drainage systems. Such blockages bring undesirable financial, health and environmental costs, and thereby burden society. It is unclear to what extent the behavior of inhabitants, and more precisely domestic FOG disposal, affects the occurrence of FOG blockages. For this study, samples of FOG blockages were collected from building drainage systems (kitchen drains and lateral house connections) and analyzed. The results showed that the deposits were calcium salts of fatty acids. Dissimilarities between the network locations demonstrate that, even at short distance, in-sewer transformation processes occur. Surveys were conducted to reveal information about FOG disposal patterns. Three households showed a clear link between the type of cooking oils used and the type of deposits collected.