bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origins and evolution of sleep
Authors: Keene Alex C. , Duboue Erik R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTSleep is nearly ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom, yet little is known about how ecological factors or perturbations to the environment shape the duration and timing of sleep. In diverse animal taxa, poor sleep negatively impacts development, cognitive abilities and longevity. In addition to mammals, sleep has been characterized in genetic model organisms, ranging from the nematode worm to zebrafish, and, more recently, in emergent models with simplified nervous systems such as Aplysia and jellyfish. In addition, evolutionary models ranging from fruit flies to cavefish have leveraged natural genetic variation to investigate the relationship between ecology and sleep. Here, we describe the contributions of classical and emergent genetic model systems to investigate mechanisms underlying sleep regulation. These studies highlight fundamental interactions between sleep and sensory processing, as well as a remarkable plasticity of sleep in response to environmental changes. Understanding how sleep varies throughout the animal kingdom will provide critical insight into fundamental functions and conserved genetic mechanisms underlying sleep regulation. Furthermore, identification of naturally occurring genetic variation regulating sleep may provide novel drug targets and approaches to treat sleep-related diseases.
The evolution of foraging capacity and gigantism in cetaceans
Authors: Goldbogen J. A. , Madsen P. T. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe extant diversity and rich fossil record of cetaceans provides an extraordinary evolutionary context for investigating the relationship between form, function and ecology. The transition from terrestrial to marine ecosystems is associated with a complex suite of morphological and physiological adaptations that were required for a fully aquatic mammalian life history. Two specific functional innovations that characterize the two great clades of cetaceans, echolocation in toothed whales (Odontoceti) and filter feeding in baleen whales (Mysticeti), provide a powerful comparative framework for integrative studies. Both clades exhibit gigantism in multiple species, but we posit that large body size may have evolved for different reasons and in response to different ecosystem conditions. Although these foraging adaptations have been studied using a combination of experimental and tagging studies, the precise functional drivers and consequences of morphological change within and among these lineages remain less understood. Future studies that focus at the interface of physiology, ecology and paleontology will help elucidate how cetaceans became the largest predators in aquatic ecosystems worldwide.
Hepatic deletion of p110α and p85α results in insulin resistance despite sustained IRS1-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase activity
Authors: Chaudhari Aditi , Ejeskär Katarina , Wettergren Yvonne , Kahn C. Ronald , Rotter Sopasakis Victoria 
Published: June 2018

Background: Class IA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) is an integral mediator of insulin signaling. The p110 catalytic and p85 regulatory subunits of PI3K are the products of separate genes, and while they come together to make the active heterodimer, they have opposing roles in insulin signaling and action. Deletion of hepatic p110α results in an impaired insulin signal and severe insulin resistance, whereas deletion of hepatic p85α results in improved insulin sensitivity due to sustained levels of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate. Here, we created mice with combined hepatic deletion of p110α and p85α (L-DKO) to study the impact on insulin signaling and whole body glucose homeostasis. Methods: Six-week old male flox control and L-DKO mice were studied over a period of 18 weeks, during which weight and glucose levels were monitored, and glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance test and pyruvate tolerance test were performed. Fasting insulin, insulin signaling mediators, PI3K activity and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase activity were examined at 10 weeks. Liver, muscle and white adipose tissue weight was recorded at 10 weeks and 25 weeks. Results: The L-DKO mice showed a blunted insulin signal downstream of PI3K, developed markedly impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and had decreased liver and adipose tissue weights. Surprisingly, however, these mice displayed normal hepatic glucose production, normal insulin tolerance, and intact IRS1-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase activity without compensatory upregulated signaling of other classes of PI3K. Conclusions: The data demonstrate an unexpectedly overall mild metabolic phenotype of the L-DKO mice, suggesting that lipid kinases other than PI3Ks might partially compensate for the loss of p110α/p85α by signaling through other nodes than Akt/Protein Kinase B.
RETRACTION: Optimization of conditions for the biological treatment of textile dyes using isolated soil bacteria
Authors: Rahman Shafkat Shamim , Alif Fahim Ahmed , Hossain M. Mahboob 
Published: June 2018

The article titled “Optimization of conditions for the biological treatment of textile dyes using isolated soil bacteria” ([version 1; referees: peer review discontinued]. F1000Research 2018, 7:351 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13757.1) by Shafkat Shamim Rahman and colleagues, has been retracted by F1000Research on grounds of misconduct by the first author. Following publication of the article, the editorial team at F1000Research were notified by Romana Siddique, from BRAC University, that the data presented in this paper significantly overlaps with the data in her recently published article : Siddique and Alif; ARRB, 22(5): 1-12, 2018; Article no.ARRB.38637; https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2018/38637. In response to our queries to the authors, the second and last author listed on this article, Fahim Ahmed Alif and M. Mahboob Hossain, have stated that they were not aware of the submission of this article to F1000Research, and did not agree to be authors. We have evidence which confirms their statement. After further investigation by the F1000Research team, and a separate investigation by BRAC University, it has become clear that Shafkat Shamim Rahman was not involved with the research presented in this paper, and that the decision to submit and publish the article was taken independently by him, and not his listed co-authors. BRAC University has confirmed that Shafkat Shamim Rahman is not currently based at their institution.
Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among frontline primary health care providers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Dugani Sagar , Afari Henrietta , Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Ratcliffe Hannah , Veillard Jeremy , Martin Gayle , Lagomarsino Gina , Basu Lopa , Bitton Asaf 
Published: June 2018

Background: Primary health care (PHC) systems require motivated and well-trained frontline providers, but are increasingly challenged by the growing global shortage of health care workers. Burnout, defined as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal achievement, negatively impacts motivation and may further decrease productivity of already limited workforces. The objective of this review was to analyze the prevalence of and factors associated with provider burnout in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We performed a systematic review of articles on outpatient provider burnout in LMICs published up to 2016 in three electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CAB). Articles were reviewed to identify prevalence of factors associated with provider burnout. Results: A total of 6,182 articles were identified, with 20 meeting eligibility criteria. We found heterogeneity in definition and prevalence of burnout. Most studies assessed burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. All three dimensions of burnout were seen across multiple cadres (physicians, nurses, community health workers, midwives, and pharmacists). Frontline nurses in South Africa had the highest prevalence of high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while PHC providers in Lebanon had the highest reported prevalence of low personal achievement. Higher provider burnout (for example, among nurses, pharmacists, and rural health workers) was associated with high job stress, high time pressure and workload, and lack of organizational support. Conclusions: Our comprehensive review of published literature showed that provider burnout is prevalent across various health care providers in LMICs. Further studies are required to better measure the causes and consequences of burnout and guide the development of effective interventions to reduce or prevent burnout.
Smartphones for community health in rural Cambodia: A feasibility study
Authors: Ngor Pengby , White Lisa J. , Chalk Jeremy , Lubell Yoel , Favede Cecelia , Cheah Phaik-Yeong , Nguon Chea , Ly Po , Maude Richard J. , Sovannaroth Siv , Day Nicholas P. , Dunachie Susanna 
Published: June 2018

Background: Village Malaria Workers (VMWs) are lay people trained to provide a valuable role in frontline testing and treatment of malaria in rural villages in Cambodia. Emergence of artemisinin-resistant malaria highlights the essential role of such VMWs in surveillance and early treatment of malaria. Smartphone technology offers huge potential to support VMWs in isolated and resource-poor settings. Methods: We investigated the feasibility of issuing established VMWs with a smartphone, bespoke Android application and solar charger to support their role. 27 VMWs in Kampong Cham and Kratie provinces participated. Results: 26/27 of the smartphones deployed were working well at study completion twelve months later. Interviews with VMWs using quantitative and qualitative methods revealed pride, ease of use and reports of faster communication with the smartphone. VMWs also expressed a strong wish to help people presenting with non-malarial fever, for which further potential supportive smartphone applications are increasingly available. Conclusions: As a result of this pilot study, two smartphone based reporting systems for malaria have been developed at the Cambodian National Malaria Center, and the programme is now being extended nationwide. The full code for the smartphone application is made available to other researchers and healthcare providers with this article. Smartphones represent a feasible platform for developing the VMW role to include other health conditions, thus maintaining the relevance of these important community health workers.
Patient isolation in psychiatric healthcare
Authors: Bażydło Marta , Giezek Marta , Zabielska Paulina , Flaga-Gieruszyńska Kinga , Karakiewicz Beata 
Published: June 2018

Cel pracyPoznanie opinii pacjentów opieki psychiatrycznej na temat postaw personelu oraz udziału rodziny w procesie leczenia.MetodaW badaniu wzięło udział 219 pacjentów: 80 pacjentów opieki całodobowej; 69 pacjentów opieki dziennej; 70 pacjentów poradni zdrowia psychicznego. Zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, technikę ankiety za pomocą kwestionariuszy: (1) opinii pacjenta na temat pobytu w oddziale całodobowym, (2) opinii pacjenta na temat opieki w oddziale dziennym, poradni lub w leczeniu środowiskowym oraz (3) badania satysfakcji pacjenta z otrzymanej usługi medycznej VSSS-54.WynikiOtrzymanie wsparcia psychicznego podczas leczenia potwierdziło 81,25% pacjentów oddziałów całodobowych; 88,41% pacjentów oddziałów dziennych i 84,29% pacjentów poradni. Jako osobę udzielającą największego wsparcia pacjenci opieki całodobowej i poradni wskazywali najczęściej lekarza; pacjenci oddziałów dziennych - terapeutę. Większość pacjentów opieki całodobowej (76,25%) przyznała, że pielęgniarki poświęcają im wystarczającą ilość czasu. Liczba pozytywnych odpowiedzi względem lekarzy wynosiła 61,25% (p=0,000). Wśród pacjentów oddziałów dziennych 66,67% respondentów odpowiedziało, że czas poświęcony im przez personel jest wystarczający; wśród pacjentów poradni odsetek ten wynosił 57,14%. Pacjentów oddziałów dziennych i poradni zapytano o zadowolenie z włączenia rodziny w proces leczenia. Ankietowani ocenili ten aspekt opieki średnio na 3,807 punktów (na 5,0).WnioskiW celu zwiększania satysfakcji pacjentów psychiatrycznej opieki zdrowotnej należy wdrożyć rozwiązania organizacyjne, które przyczynią się do zwiększenia wymiaru czasu przeznaczanego przez personel na kontakt z pacjentem oraz pozwolą na włączenie rodziny w proces leczenia.
Process Flexibility in Baseball: The Value of Positional Flexibility
Authors: Chan Timothy C. Y. , Fearing Douglas 
Published: June 2018

This paper introduces the formal study of process flexibility to the novel domain of sports analytics. In baseball, positional flexibility is the analogous concept to process flexibility from manufacturing. We study the flexibility of players (plants) on a baseball team who produce innings-played at different positions (products). We develop models and metrics to evaluate expected and worst-case performance under injury risk (capacity uncertainty) with continuous player-position capabilities. Using Major League Baseball data, we quantify the impact of flexibility on team and individual performance and explore the player chains that arise when injuries occur. We discover that top teams can attribute at least one to two wins per season to flexibility alone, generally as a result of long subchains in the infield or outfield. The least robust teams to worst-case injury, those whose performance is driven by one or two star players, are over four times as fragile as the most robust teams. We evaluate several aspects of individual flexibility, such as how much value individual players bring to their team in terms of average and worst-case performance. Finally, we demonstrate the generalizability of our framework for player evaluation by quantifying the value of potential free agent additions and uncovering the true “MVP” of a team. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.3004 . This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
What Makes Theology Theological?
Authors: Webster John 
Published: June 2018

An understanding of the nature of theology comprises an account of its object, its cognitive principles, its ends and its practitioners. The object of theology is two-fold: principally God the Holy Trinity, and derivatively all things in relation to God. God is considered first absolutely, then relatively; all other things are treated relative to God, under the aspect of creatureliness. The objective cognitive principle of theology is God’s infinite knowledge, of which God communicates a fitting share to creatures; the subjective cognitive principle of theology is the regenerate human intellect. The ends of theology are scientific (acquiring the knowledge of the matter which is proper to creatures), contemplative (rapt attention to God the cause of all things) and practical (regulation of the enactment of human life). The practitioners of theology are regenerate persons in the church whose creaturely intellect is instructed by God and all of whose works are accompanied by the practices of religion.
Grace and Free Will: Quiescence and Control
Authors: Kittle Simon 
Published: June 2018

Stump and Timpe have recently proposed Thomistic based solutions to the traditional problem in Christian theology of how to relate grace and free will. By taking a closer look at the notion of control, I subject Timpe’s account – itself an extension of Stump’s account – to extended critique. I argue that the centrepiece of Timpe’s solution, his reliance on Dowe’s notion of quasi-causation, is misguided and irrelevant to the problem. As a result, Timpe’s account fails to avoid Semi-Pelagianism. I canvass two alternatives, each of which adheres to the broad theological assumptions made by Stump and Timpe, including the positing of only one “unique” grace. I conclude that each of these proposals fails, although I argue that one comes as close as it is possible to get to a solution given the assumptions made.
Mystical Experience and the Apophatic Attitude
Authors: Yadav Sameer 
Published: June 2018

Apophaticism in mainstream analytic theology and philosophy of religion has come to denote a metaphysical and semantic thesis: that, due to divine transcendence, God is ineffable, inconceivable, or incomprehensible. But this conception fails to properly take account of the central claim of apophaticism as a special type of mystical theology. As such, the apophatic commitments to divine ineffability (however understood) are instrumental. More fundamental is the function of theological ignorance to uniquely inform the task of theology and transform the theologian in union with God. Taking Jonathan Jacobs’ recent account as a test case, I argue that reconstructions of apophaticism need to be supplemented by an account of this informational and personally transformative value that apophatic mysticism places on its commitment to divine incomprehensibility. I supply the needed account of apophatic valuing in terms of wonder as the appropriate emotional attitude toward divine transcendence.
Aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions are related to changes in metal ion handling in the joint capsules of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties
Authors: Langton D. J. , Sidaginamale R. P. , Joyce T. J. , Bowsher J. G. , Holland J. P. , Deehan D. , Nargol A. V. F. , Natu S. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives We have encountered patients who developed large joint fluid collections with massive elevations in chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) concentrations following metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties. In some cases, retrieval analysis determined that these ion concentrations could not be explained simply by the wear rates of the components. We hypothesized that these effects may be associated with aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion (ALVAL). Patients and Methods We examined the influence of the ALVAL grade on synovial fluid Co and Cr concentrations following adjustment for patient and device variables, including volumetric wear rates. Initially restricting the analysis to include only patients with one MoM hip resurfacing device, we performed multiple regression analyses of prospectively collected data. We then repeated the same statistical approach using results from a larger cohort with different MoM designs, including total hip arthroplasties. Results In the resurfacing cohort (n = 76), the statistical modelling indicated that the presence of severe ALVAL and a large fluid collection were associated with greater joint fluid Co concentrations after adjustment for volumetric wear rates (p = 0.005). These findings were replicated in the mixed implant group (n = 178), where the presence of severe ALVAL and a large fluid collection were significantly associated with greater fluid Co concentrations (p < 0.001). Conclusion The development of severe ALVAL is associated with elevations in metal ion concentrations far beyond those expected from the volumetric loss from the prosthetic surfaces. This finding may aid the understanding of the sequence of events leading to soft-tissue reactions following MoM hip arthroplasties. Cite this article: D. J. Langton, R. P. Sidaginamale, T. J. Joyce, J. G. Bowsher, J. P. Holland, D. Deehan, A. V. F. Nargol, S. Natu. Aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions are related to changes in metal ion handling in the joint capsules of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:388–396. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.76.BJR-2018-0037.
SATISFACCIÓN DEL PROFESORADO DE LA ESCUELA RURAL DE LA PROVINCIA DE GRANADA (ESPAÑA) RESPECTO A LA ORGANIZACIÓN ESCOLAR
Authors: Raso Sánchez Francisco , Sola Martínez Tomás , Hinojo Lucena Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN. La importancia recientemente adquirida por los estudios de satisfacción en instituciones pedagógicas ha hecho que el interés científico por el bienestar de los miembros de la comunidad educativa se incremente considerablemente, habida cuenta de la relación de esta variable, no solo con la productividad laboral, sino con la calidad de las relaciones interpersonalesen nuestras escuelas, algo especialmente necesario en aquellas de corte rural. En ese sentido, se presenta el siguiente estudio, financiado por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de España con la referencia AP2007-00294, y cuyo interés se centra en conocer aquellos aspectos de la organización de las escuelas rurales de la provincia de Granada que más complacen y desagradan a su profesorado, respectivamente. MÉTODO. Con este fin se diseñó una investigación descriptiva y no experimental centrada en la aplicación de la técnica de encuesta sobre una muestra de 221 docentes de los colegios públicos rurales granadinos. RESULTADOS. Se ha comprobado cómo su percepción acerca de los factores organizativos está mejorando en comparación a estudios anteriores y, sobre todo, que, lejos de antiguos individualismos, ahora son las cuestiones grupales como la planificación de tareas, la participación o la influencia del claustro y el consejo escolar sobre las decisiones de centro, las que están siendo mejor valoradas en lo que a este tema se refiere. DISCUSIÓN. Se detectó una mejora general de la consideración del docente rural granadino en materia de organización escolar, pero aspectos como el fomento de la investigación educativa en el aula o el aumento de las dotaciones de recursos didácticos están todavía por resolver.
How can I make this work? Genre affordances, agency and identity in a doctoral research journey
Authors: Kiteley Robin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article considers my engagement with two contrasting writing practices as part of my doctoral journey. I analyse and reflect upon extracts taken from progression reports and autoethnographic writing informed by work on genre affordances, writer identity and essayist literacy. My analysis indicates that the progression report genre offers limited possibilities for the construction of researcher identity and typically embeds a normative notion of research chronology and temporality. Furthermore, it permits limited opportunity for doctoral researchers to address affective and embodied aspects of their experience. I argue that this generic form of progress monitoring may inhibit forms of exploratory research, particularly those involving creative practice which can be inherently disorderly. In contrast, I explore how writing self-initiated autoethnographic vignettes permitted the construction of a more ambiguous discoursal identity within which I was able to explore aspects of embodiment, hesitancy and ‘not knowing’ as productive motifs. The affordances to explore personal experience, informality, evocation and open-endedness meant that I was able to experiment with the form of the writing (e.g. intertextuality) and narrative genres (e.g. the quest or journey) to approach research issues and dilemmas in an oblique way. I draw on Melissa Trimingham’s ‘hermeneutic-interpretative’ model, Theresa Lillis’s advocacy of juxtaposition and Guy Claxton’s TATE model to suggest that the progression process could be reconsidered, at the level of genre resources, to be better attuned to the rhythms and temporality of a more diverse range of approaches to research.