bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Inhibition of Color Change in Problematic Red Parent Material Hydric Soils
Authors: Mack Sara C. , Rabenhorst Martin C. , Berkowitz Jacob F. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Problematic red parent material (PRPM) soils lack typical hydromorphological characteristics.
Hematite mineralogy was suspected to limit redox‐induced color change in PRPM soils, but mechanisms were previously unknown.
Physical occlusion of Fe oxides in fine (silt and sand sized) lithic fragments did not induce color change resistance.
Significant Al for Fe substitution in hematite of PRPM soils was not observed, excluding that mechanism.
The large size of hematite crystals limits Fe reduction resulting in color change resistance in PRPM soils.
Problematic red parent material (PRPM) soils resist redox‐induced color changes and development of redoximorphic features, posing a challenge to hydric soil and wetland identification. Previous studies suggested that color change resistance was a function of the mineralogical properties of hematite inherited from soil parent materials, but the underlying cause of the phenomenon has remained uncertain. In this study, several hypotheses (i.e., physical occlusion, Al substitution, and crystal size) were investigated to explore the mechanism of PRPM soil color change resistance. The physical occlusion hypothesis was assessed by comparing Color Change Propensity Index (CCPI) values between size fractions for both PRPM and non‐PRPM soils. Persistence of color change resistance (low CCPI) in the finest (clay) fractions of all PRPM soils resulted in removing the physical occlusion hypothesis from consideration. Substitution of Al for Fe in hematite was compared between PRPM and non‐PRPM clay fractions by observing X‐ray diffraction (XRD) peak shifts. Substitution of Al in hematite remained low for the PRPM samples (mean 0.8 mol%), compared with the non‐PRPM (mean 6.8 mol%) suggesting that Al substitution is not the cause of observed color change resistance. Finally, mean hematite crystallite size was evaluated using Scherrer equation calculations. Mean hematite crystallite size in PRPM soils was significantly larger than non‐PRPM soils (P = 0.0039), suggesting that color change resistance and the PRPM soil phenomenon are derived from the large size of hematite crystals.
Effect of Macroporosity on Pedotransfer Function Estimates at the Field Scale
Authors: Zhang Xi , Zhu Junfeng , Wendroth Ole , Matocha Christopher , Edwards Dwayne 
Published: May 2019

Core IdeasEstimation ofKsusing established PTFs for one specific field was evaluated.Selected PTFs exhibited unsatisfactory prediction ofKsat the field scale.Taking macropore volume effect into account improved the prediction ofKswith PTFs.Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is one of the crucial hydraulic properties for assessing water and solute transport in soils. However, direct measurement ofKsis time consuming and arduous. Alternatively, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been developed to estimateKsindirectly through more easily measurable soil properties that are part of regional, national, or international databases. These PTFs are usually based on datasets collected from large regions. However, their validity for a specific site remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of established PTFs in estimatingKsin a specific field and improve PTFs to arrive at a locally adapted estimation result forKs. Forty‐one soil samples were collected from 10 locations at five depths at a farmland in western Kentucky for hydraulic conductivity and physical property measurements. The performance of seven PTFs in estimatingKswas evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and the coefficient of determination (R2). At this scale, all the selected PTFs exhibited unsatisfactory prediction ofKs(high RMSE, low NSE andR2). In the field studied, approximately 60% of variance inKscould be explained by soil texture and macropore components based on factor analysis. Clay content and macroporosity were identified as the most representative variables for each component. The performance of a PTF in estimatingKsfor the field site investigated was significantly improved by including macroporosity (pores with diameter >75 μm) as a predictor. The results confirmed that soil structure was crucial in characterizing soil hydraulic conductivity.
The role of mineral nanoparticles at a fluid-magnetite interface: Implications for trace-element uptake in hydrothermal systems
Authors: Yin Shuo , Wirth Richard , Ma Changqian , Xu Jiannan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The migrating fluid-mineral interface provides an opportunity for the uptake of trace elements as solid solutions in the newly formed crystal lattice during the non-equilibrium growth of the crystal. However, mineral nanoparticles could precipitate directly from the interfacial fluid when it evolves to a supersaturated situation. To better understand the role of mineral nanoparticles in this scenario, this study focuses on a well-documented magnetite with oscillatory zoning from a skarn deposit by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results show that the Al concentration in magnetite measured on a micrometer-scale is caused by three different effects: Al solid solution, Al-rich nanometer-sized lamellae, and zinc spinel nanoparticles in the host magnetite. Here, we propose a genetic relationship among the three different phases mentioned above. At first, a continuous increase of the Al concentration in the interfacial fluid can be incorporated into the crystal lattice of magnetite forming a solid solution. During cooling in a later stage, aluminum in magnetite is oversaturated and exsolution of hercynite (Al-rich lamellae) occurs from the host magnetite. If the Al concentration at the fluid-magnetite interface still increases during further growth of magnetite, the substitution of Fe by Al has gradually reached saturation so that aluminum cannot be incorporated in the magnetite crystal structure any longer. Using the magnetite lattice as a template, nucleation of abundant zinc spinel nanoparticles occurs. This will, in turn, lead to a gradual depletion of Al concentration in the interfacial fluid until the available ions for zinc spinel nucleation and growth have been used up. As a result, the migrating fluid-magnetite interface will enrich the Al concentration in the interfacial fluid until the available ion concentration is sufficient for nucleation of zinc spinel phase again. The fluid-mineral interface in this mechanism has been repeatedly utilized during crystal growth, providing an efficient way for the uptake of trace element from a related undersaturated bulk fluid.
Water management systems of two towns in the Eastern Himalaya: case studies of Singtam in Sikkim and Kalimpong in West Bengal states of India
Authors: Sharma Ghanashyam , Namchu Chhayavani , Nyima Kalsang , Luitel Mahindra , Singh Sreoshi , Goodrich Chanda Gurung 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study examines the water supply systems, their sociopolitical dynamics, and the future of water management in two Indian towns in the Eastern Himalaya, Kalimpong in West Bengal and Singtam in Sikkim. The research was centred around issues of demand and supply, water scarcity and stress, equity, water governance, and the sustainable conservation and management of water resources in a climate change context. Methodologically based on surveys, focus group discussions, and key informants' interviews, this study finds that spring sources are drying alarmingly in Singtam, even as demand is increasing dramatically due to a floating population that is more than the number of local inhabitants. The town suffers from the lack of an adequate reservoir facility and the frequent damage of water supply pipes during the monsoon. Kalimpong faces acute water shortages all year round. The political tug of war between the state government agencies and the local government around the management and supply of water, declining water discharge in spring sources, the lack of water infrastructure for repair, maintenance, and supply, and the glaring inequity between the higher, middle, and lower income groups are the immediate issues around water in Kalimpong. The spring sources that supply drinking water to Kalimpong and Singtam need immediate conservation measures to arrest the declining state of discharge. Micro-planning at the local level, reviving drying springs, and the adoption of appropriate soil and water conservation practices on a watershed basis are all important ways forward. The development of water security plans and their strict enforcement through multi-institutional collaboration can contribute to improved water governance and socioecological restoration for sustainable water resources management.
Identification of Bioactive Coumarin(s) from Three Endophytic Fungal Species of Calophyllum tomentosum
Authors: Channabasava  , Melappa Govindappa 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Many biologically important bioactive compounds have been identified in
Calophyllum tomentosum extract. Hence, we aimed to identify different endophytic fungal species
from different parts of the plants and their bioactive compounds.

Objective:
The study includes identification and characterization of bioactive compounds in the extracts
of endophytic fungal species of Calophyllum tomentosum.

Methods:
Different parts were used to assess the different endophytic fungi. Two different solvents
were used: extracts and qualitative solvents. TLC and GC-MS were employed to identify the bioactive
compounds. The bioactive compounds producing endophytes were identified by using18S
rRNA.

Results:
In total, 13 different fungal species were identified from different parts of the Calophyllum
tomentosum. The C. tomentosum leaf part showed seven different fungal endophytes from the barks
(four) and stems (two). The methanol extract of Fusarium species (stem), Cladosporium species
(bark) and hexane extract of Alternaria species (bark) showed a higher amount of coumarins in
qualitative methods and TLC. Based on the above results, for further GC-MS and molecular identification
studies, we selected three endophytes. In the GC-MS analysis, the methanol extract of
Fusarium species (stem) showed psoralen, and furocoumarin (imperatonin or ammidin); Cladosporium
species (bark) showed coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), coumaric acid (3-benzofurancarboxylic
acid), hynecromone (coumarin 4), 4-hydroxy-9-(3-methyl-2-butyl)furo(3,2-g)chloronen-7-
one; and hexane extract of Alternaria species (bark) showed coumaric acid (3-benzofurancarboxylic
acid). The three fungal endophytes were identified as Fusarium equiseti, Cladosporium uredinicola
and Alternaria alternata from 18S rRNA analysis.

Conclusions:
Based on the above results, the three endophytic fungal species confirm the presence of
coumarins and therefore, can be used for the production of coumarins instead of the plant.
Estimating the Size of Key Populations in Kampala, Uganda: 3-Source Capture-Recapture Study
Authors: Doshi Reena H , Apodaca Kevin , Ogwal Moses , Bain Rommel , Amene Ermias , Kiyingi Herbert , Aluzimbi George , Musinguzi Geofrey , Serwadda David , McIntyre Anne F , Hladik Wolfgang 
Published: May 2019

Background
Key populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID), men who have sex with men (MSM), and female sex workers (FSW), are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. Understanding the magnitude of, and informing the public health response to, the HIV epidemic among these populations requires accurate size estimates. However, low social visibility poses challenges to these efforts.

Objective
The objective of this study was to derive population size estimates of PWID, MSM, and FSW in Kampala using capture-recapture.

Methods
Between June and October 2017, unique objects were distributed to the PWID, MSM, and FSW populations in Kampala. PWID, MSM, and FSW were each sampled during 3 independent captures; unique objects were offered in captures 1 and 2. PWID, MSM, and FSW sampled during captures 2 and 3 were asked if they had received either or both of the distributed objects. All captures were completed 1 week apart. The numbers of PWID, MSM, and FSW receiving one or both objects were determined. Population size estimates were derived using the Lincoln-Petersen method for 2-source capture-recapture (PWID) and Bayesian nonparametric latent-class model for 3-source capture-recapture (MSM and FSW).

Results
We sampled 467 PWID in capture 1 and 450 in capture 2; a total of 54 PWID were captured in both. We sampled 542, 574, and 598 MSM in captures 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were 70 recaptures between captures 1 and 2, 103 recaptures between captures 2 and 3, and 155 recaptures between captures 1 and 3. There were 57 MSM captured in all 3 captures. We sampled 962, 965, and 1417 FSW in captures 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were 316 recaptures between captures 1 and 2, 214 recaptures between captures 2 and 3, and 235 recaptures between captures 1 and 3. There were 109 FSW captured in all 3 rounds. The estimated number of PWID was 3892 (3090-5126), the estimated number of MSM was 14,019 (95% credible interval (CI) 4995-40,949), and the estimated number of FSW was 8848 (95% CI 6337-17,470).

Conclusions
Our population size estimates for PWID, MSM, and FSW in Kampala provide critical population denominator data to inform HIV prevention and treatment programs. The 3-source capture-recapture is a feasible method to advance key population size estimation.
The Profitability of Dutch Business in Late Colonial Indonesia
Authors: Lindblad Jan Thomas 
Published: May 2019

The issue of profitability of colonial business lies at the core of the argument about a possible colonial drain depriving the overseas territory of opportunities to selfsustained economic growth. This contribution seeks to assess whether profit rates of private foreign firms in the colonial economy can be considered excessive or a reasonable compensation for capital and know-how made available to the colony. The article contains brief sections on historiography and methodology as well as new estimates, including a preliminary discussion of results. The article argues that profit rates in colonial business were generally higher than elsewhere, but also that the difference was smaller than has often been imagined.
MEMPREDIKSI KEBANGKRUTAN PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERCATAT DI BEI)
Authors: Iswanto Iswanto 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the most influential ratio of CAMEL on bankruptcy of banking companies listed on the Stock Exchange. The other purpose is to predict bank bankruptcy. The result resesarch found that the ratios of CAMEL have a positive and significant effect in predicting bankruptcy of the banking company. The ratio of capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is accurate for predicting bank bankruptcy with a significance level of 0.014. It could be suggested that banks management should be pay more attention to the ratio of capital adequacy ratio (CAR) because it can provide a positive influence on the prediction of bank bankruptcy. Investors should be also pay more attention to the CAR when making a decision to minimize the risk. Further research should be consider other than CAMEL ratios, for example, aspects of compliance including Maximum Lending limit (LLL), reserve requirement (GWM), and Net Open Position (NOP). Keywords: Predicting Bankruptcy, CAMEL and CAR.
PEMBENTUKAN PORTOFOLIO OPTIMAL PADA BEBERAPA SAHAM YANG MASUK PADA INDEKS PEFINDO25 YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Sa’diyah Chalimatuz 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the stock that form the optimal portofolio and the proportion of funds invested and determine the rate of return and level of risk of the optimal portofolio of stocks that, is formed in the PEFINDO25 index listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange, in the study period at August 2011 to July 2013. The method of analysis used in this study is a single index model method and sampling techniques using purposive sampling. Based on the results of data analysis stocks that form the optimal portofolio in PEFINDO25 index in the period at August 2011 – July 2013, obtained three stocks included in the optimal portofolio members. The share are accompanied by the proportion of investment funds is BISI (BISI International Tbk) 48,4379%, GZCO (Gozco Plantations Tbk) 31,3017%, HRUM (Harum Energy Tbk) 20,2604%,. The stocks are result yield rate of return on a portofolio that will get investors at 0,151% and the portofolio risk level of 0,003%.
PENGARUH DIMENSI EKUITAS MEREK TERHADAP MINAT BELI PADA KERTANEGARA GUEST HOUSE MALANG
Authors: Wardani Ervan Ade 
Published: May 2019

Intention this research is to test dimension of equity brand have an effect to enthusiasm buy at Guest House Kertanegara Malang and to test brand equity influence to enthusiasm buy at Guest House. Population in this research are guest using service of Guest House Kertanegara, by using technique of convenience purposive sampling. Sample size 100 respondents. Technique analysis is linear regression analysis by using test of regression doubled linear. The result of research show that linear regression analysis is positive relationshio between the brand equity and enthusiasm., test t test and f test, indicating that brand equity have influence of significant to enthusiasm buy. Between awareness brand, brand association, perception of quality, dimension brand and loyality owning most influence significan is awareness of brand, brand association, perception of quality of, and brand loyality.
THE INFLUENCE LIFESTYLE, GROUP PREFERENCE, PERCEPTION BRAND LUXURY AND PRODUCT QUALITY TOWARD CONSUMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY ( Study of consumer iPhone at Malang )
Authors: Putra Ghifari Alief 
Published: May 2019

The purposes of this study was determine the influence of lifestyle, group preference, perception brand luxury and product quality toward consumer willingness to pay on iPhone product. The population in this study consist of society in Malang that buy iPhone product, which the value was unknown. Based on Maholtra analysis, number of sample are 85 respondent. This study use purposive sampling as the sampling technique. Data analysis was used in this study was multiple regression analysis. The result of this study shows that lifestyle, group preference influence have significant toward consumer willingness to pay partially. In addition, the results of the F test describes that lifestyle, group preference, brand luxury and product quality influence on have significant consumer willingness to pay simoultaneosly
GAYA HIDUP REMAJA PENGGUNA SMARTPHONE DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Irwanto Muhammad Tony 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study had identify and analyze the youth lifestyle Smartphone users in Malang. The usefulness of this research can be used as the basis for the company's consideration in developing Smartphone products produced and tailored to the consumer'lifestyle. Population in this study is that consumers Smartphone users in Malang, with characteristics that respondents who have entered in the category of age and adolescents, using judgmental sampling techniques can then be determined as many as 100 sample. Data analysis techniques used in this research is the analysis of the cluster. From the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that the cluster I have a characteristic that is the willingness of respondents to support the work ruitn performed, work or routine activities are carried out, the development of information media, the activities undertaken by a person as a source of income, neighborhood closest to a person , always had a desire to buy the latest products, more priority to the purchase of goods after the wants rather than needs, support penampilandan add relationships / peer. Cluster III has the characteristic that the respondent wishes to keep up with technology, where it makes the respondent is always working to get information lengkao by utilizing technological developments.
PENGARUH INFLASI, SUKU BUNGA DAN NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH TERHADAP HARGA SSAHAM PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PROPERTI DAN REAL ESTATE YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Ramadani Fitri 
Published: May 2019

Thepurpose of this research is to knowthe influence of inflation,interestrates, and the exchange rate of the rupiah against the stock price. This research wasconducted on 30 companies secto rproperty and real estatelisted onthe IndonesiastockexchangePeriod 2012 – 2014. Data analysis techniques used in research namely OLS (Ordinary Least Square)through the help of multiple software SPSS version 18.0. Research results indicate that simultaneous inflation, interest rates, the rupiah exchanger ateand effect on stock prices. Research partially indicate that inflation is not a negative and apositive effect against the stock price, while the negative effect of interest rates significantly to the stock price and the exchange rate of rupiah apositive significant effect against the stock price.
Correlation of Corneal and Scleral Topography in Cases with Ectasias and Normal Corneas
Authors: DeNaeyer Gregory , Sanders Donald R. , Michaud Langis , Morrison Sheila , Walker Maria , Jedlicka Jason , Farajian Timothy S , Van der Worp Eef 
Published: May 2019

Background and Objective
To determine the relationships between corneal and scleral elevation topography in subjects with corneal ectasias and normal corneas.

Material and Methods
This is a multi-site retrospective study. Ocular surface topography (sMap3D, Precision Ocular Metrology, US) was collected on 115 eyes with prolate cornea profile (Group A) and 227 eyes showing corneal ectasia (Group B). Sagittal height (SAG 1) was measured in the axis of the highest elevated point of the cornea (apex), defined by the meridian joining this apex to the geometrical center of the cornea at an 16 mm chord diameter (8-mm radius). Another sag value was evaluated 180° away (SAG 2) at the same diameter/radius. The difference in height between SAG 1 and SAG 2 represents a quadrant specific effect (QSE). Conjunctival toricity is estimated by comparing the best fit of the conjunctival/scleral shape data to a toric (Sin2) curve; the root- mean-squared error (RMSE) of this curve, a measure of irregularity, was also calculated.

Results
The ectasia subjects demonstrated greater QSE, (p<0.001), standard toricity (p<0.001) and RMSE (p<0.001) on the sclera compared to normal cornea cases. If the apex of the ectasia was ≥1.25mm from the corneal center, the asymmetry was greater. Within the Group A, standard toricity was significantly higher than QSE (p<0.001) suggesting a more regular conjunctival pattern. As a proof, a significantly greater proportion of cases in Group B vs. Group A (57% vs. 26%, p<0.001) were found with conjunctival irregular shape, as previously defined. In both groups, subjects graded as having spherical/toric scleral shape had significantly lower RMSE values than those graded as having irregular shapes (p<0.001).

Conclusion
Subjects with corneal ectasia have a different scleral shape compared to those with normal corneal profiles, largely presenting as a quadrant specific effect along the same axis. This difference is higher if the apex of the ectasia is ≥1.25 mm from the corneal center. RMSE seems to correlate with scleral shape classification in both groups.