bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralization of the Supraspinatus Tendon: Clinical Observations in Seven Dogs
Authors: Kriegleder H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMineral-like densities in the supraspinatus tendon were determined to have different clinical significance according to their location. Those identified radiographically and surgically, near the biceps tendon sheath reflecting a deep location in the supraspinatus tendon, caused chronic and acute lameness in five large breed dogs. Pain in the shoulder and biceps tendon was elicited on examination in acute cases whilst chronic cases were painfree. Systemic and local anti-inflammatory treatment failed to improve any of the cases. Surgical removal was curative with slight lameness after exercise observed in some dogs during the longterm follow-up. Recurrence of lesions were not seen radiologically. It is suggested that mineralizations, located deep in the supraspinatus tendon, cause secondary tenosynovitis of the biceps brachii through mechanical irritation.Mineralizations found radiographically distant to the biceps tendon sheath in five cases reflecting a superficial location in the supraspinatus were determined not to be a primary cause of lameness.Similarities in the pathomechanism, aetiopathogenesis and clinical significance of mineralizations in the supraspinatus tendon in dogs and humans were noted.Mineralizations located deep in the supraspinatus tendon near the biceps tendon sheath caused lameness in large breed dogs. Diagnosis was established through physical examination, radiography, and surgical exploration of the lesion. Systemic steroidal and non-steroidal therapy and local steroid injection into the intertubercular groove failed to resolve any of the cases but surgical curettage of the mineralization resulted in clinical improvement. A secondary mechanical tenosynovitis of the biceps brachii as the cause of lameness, is suggested.Mineralizations located superficially in the supraspinatus tendon were found not to be a primary cause of lameness.
Evaluation of a Method for Biopsy of the Distal Radial Physeal Growth Plate in Neonatal Foals
Authors: Firth E. C. , Hunt W. F. , Pearce S. G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA technique was devised for taking biopsies from the distal radial physeal growth plate in neonatal foals to study cartilage morphology. The biopsy taken from the right forelimb of 21 Thoroughbred foals, four to 10 days of age, was performed under inhalation anaesthesia, using a 9 mm diameter trephine on a multi speed drill. Due to their exercise not being adequately restricted postoperatively, five foals (24%) developed excessive incisional granulation tissue at the biopsy site. Nine foals (43%) developed some flexion of the carpus (over at the knee) and 15 (71%) developed outward rotation of the left limb. There was significantly greater carpal valgus in the left limb when compared with the right limb (p <0.005), a situation which was not present in six agematched, unoperated, control foals. Abnormalities in the congruency of the antebrachiocarpal joint were not detected grossly at postmortem at five months of age. However, there were localised gross and histological abnormalities of the distal radial physeal growth plate. Postoperative morbidity, significant changes to conformation, and the unknown long term consequences of the disruption to the biopsied physeal growth plate are likely to make this procedure inappropriate for clinical usage. However, the biopsy procedure was easy to perform, and provided a suitable sample for both histological and histomorphometric examination of the physeal growth plate cartilage. Therefore this technique provides a useful research method for study of growth plate morphology in neonates.A technique was developed for biopsy of the distal radial physeal growth plate in neonatal foals. Additionally, the effects on conformation, and on gross and histological abnormalities at five months of age, were reported. There were significant, mild conformational abnormalities, which self-corrected without intervention, and there were abnormalities detected at postmortem examination, but these abnormalities did not appear to affect the joint. The expected effects of this procedure are stated, and provided that these are accounted for, the technique is useful for harvesting and studying the physeal growth plate of neonates.
Repair of Femoral Capital Physeal Injuries in Cats -14 Cases
Authors: Black A. P. , Lorkin K. F. , Bradley W. A. , Culvenor J. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFemoral capital physeal fractures (CPF) are common injuries in the immature cat. Fractures of the femoral head and neck have been classified by Daly (1) as capital, physeal, subcapital and transcervical. Physeal fractures may also be classified according to Salter (2) and those covered in this paper are Salter I and II.Perez-Aparicio and Fjeld (2) found that many cats become functional without surgical treatment although most developed malunion or non-union. Some of the untreated cats had persistent lameness.While femoral head and neck ostectomy (3), is often recommended and will usually lead to a functional result, particularly in the cat, open reduction and internal fixation is preferred (5, 6) as is recommended in the dog (8, 21).Fourteen femoral capital physeal fractures in 13 cats were repaired with fine pins. The surgical technique and clinical results are described. The authors feel that the ease of the technique and the clinical results make this the treatment of choice for injuries of this type in cats.
The Effect of Polysulphated Glycosaminoglycan on the Production of Proteoglycan by Equine Tendon Fibroblasts in Monolayer Culture
Authors: Rosenbusch R. F. , Booth L. C. , Dahlgren Linda 
Published: March 2018

SummaryEquine tendon fibroblasts were isolated from tissue fragments of superficial digital flexor tendon, subcultured and maintained in monolayers. The cells were treated with two dosage regimes of polysulphated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG). The high dose group received 0,25, 50 or 200 μg/ml of PSGAG and the low dose group received 0,0.3,1 or 2 μg/ml of PSGAG. Proteoglycan production was measured via liquid scintillation counting, following radiolabel with 35SO4 (40 μCi/ml). The counts were measured in both the cell associated fraction and the supernatant fraction.The addition of PSGAG to the culture system did not adversely affect cell viability at any treatment level. The cells in all of treatment groups produced measurable amounts of proteoglycan in both the cell associated and supernatant fractions. There were not any differences between the treatment means in any of the four groups (high dose cell-associated, high dose supernatant, low dose cell-associated, low dose supernatant). A linear trend in proteoglycan production was not documented between treatment groups in either the cell-associated or the supernatant fractions for either of the two dosage regimes. The significance of the lack of effect is equivocal. PSGAG may influence tendon healing in a manner other than by increasing proteoglycan production.The effect of polysulphated glycosaminoglycan on the production of proteoglycans by equine tendon fibroblasts was investigated. A previously described model was utilized to grow the tendon fibroblasts in monolayer cultures. Significant treatment effects were not seen at either a high or low dose of PSGAG. Addition of the PSGAG did not adversely affect cell viability at any treatment level.
Effects of Unilateral Ligamentoplasty on Spinal Development in the Growing Rabbit
Authors: Meunier A. , Breard F. , Graf H. , Moissonnier P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryNumerous models of scoliosis have been proposed, but few were characterized geometrically, easily reproductible and avalaible for testing orthopaedic procedures. Sixteen growing rabbits underwent unilateral ligamentoplasty of three lumbar vertebrae using screws in the vertebral body. Spinal modifications were evaluated at six and 12 weeks post-operatively by radiography, scannography and histology. The mean lateral deviation was found to be 21°± 3.1 at six weeks and 41.6 ± 6.6 at 12 weeks. Significant lordosis, cyphosis or vertebral rotation were not observed. Vertebral torsion was significative (p <0.005). Histological assessments of the modifications of paraspinal muscles, intervertebral discs and articular facets were performed for evaluation of consequences of surgery, spinal immobilization and deviation. We concluded that unilateral ligamentoplasty produce a reproductible model of lateral deviation of the spine in the growing rabbit.This article analyses the spinal deformities obtained after unilateral ligamentoplasty of three lumbar vertebrae. A time-dependent lateral deviation and a vertebral torsion were found but significant lordosis, cyphosis or vertebral rotation were not observed. Paraspinal muscles, intervertebral discs and articular facets modifications are reported. Clinical relevance of these data are discussed.
Traumatic Luxation of the Elbow in 31 Dogs
Authors: Wolvekamp P. , Meij B.P. , Theijse L.F.H. , Hazewinkel H. A. W. , Schaeffer I.G.F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe medical records of 31 dogs with traumatic luxation of the elbow joint were reviewed. The patients were referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Utrecht University during the period from 1984 to 1996. Nineteen dogs with an acute lateral luxation were treated by closed reduction. One dog with an acute bilateral luxation and two dogs with chronic elbow luxation were treated by open reduction. In four dogs the collateral ligaments were sutured on one side following closed reduction and in one dog following open reduction.Five dogs had a Monteggia fracture. One was treated by closed reduction and external coaptation and 4 by open reduction with osteosynthesis. Excellent or good results were achieved in eight of the 19 dogs (47%) treated by closed reduction, in 1 of 3 (33%) treated by open reduction and in three of five (60%) treated for a Monteggia fracture. The quite disappointing results of the closed reduction appeared to be largely due to the instability remaining after the reduction in seven of the 19 elbow joints (41%).Collateral ligament repair was performed in three dogs immediately following closed reduction and the clinical result was excellent in all three. When the elbow joint is unstable after reduction of a traumatic luxation, it should be stabilized surgically.Traumatic cubital luxation is an emergency which occurs infrequently in dogs. The methods of treatment used in 31 dogs are reviewed and the long-term clinical results are evaluated. Good results can be expected for acute closed reduction, provided that stability is improved surgically if the elbow is unstable after reduction. Monteggia fractures should always be treated by open reduction.
Arthroscopy of the Elbow in Dogs
Authors: Bardet J. F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe craniolateral portal of the elbow is described. The technique was applied and evaluated in 34 dogs (38 elbows). A detailed description and classification of the fragmented coronoid process (FCP) is given. All patients with FCP were treated successfully using a second craniomedial portal. Complications were not observed. The technique appears to be safe and reliable and could also be used for other procedures such as removal of loose bodies, treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the medial condyle, reduction of selective humeral condylar fractures, excision of osteophytes and other diagnostic purposes. It also eliminates the need for exploratory arthrotomies of the elbow joint in dogs.The cranial portals of the 38 elbows in 34 dogs allowed proper evaluation and treatment of the lesions of the medial coronoid process. A classification in 7 types of lesions of the medial coronoid process was established. All dogs were treated successfully by either removal of the FCP or by a proximal ulnar sliding osteotomy.
A Comparison of Autogenous Cortico-Cancellous Bone Graft Obtained from the Wing of the Ilium with an Acetabular Reamer to Autogenous Cancellous Bone Graft Obtained from the Proximal Humerus in Dogs
Authors: Parker R. B. , Lewis D. D. , Wronski Th. J. , Shiroma J. , Stallings J. T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe incorporation of autogenous cortico-cancellous bone graft (CCBG) harvested from the wing of ilium using a powered acetabular reamer and autogenous cancellous bone graft (CBG), harvested from the proximal humerus by curettage, were compared in four young adult mixed breed female dogs. Five milliliters of CCBG or CBG were placed in bilateral, stable, 3.0 cm proximal diaphyseal ulnar defects. Humeral donor sites, and subsequent assignment of graft types of ulnar recipient sites, were alternated between dogs. Craniocaudal and lateral view radiographs were obtained immediately (day 0) and on days 16 and 35 after the operation. Photodensitometric and bone graft area measurements were made from these radiographs and the specific radiographic characteristics of the bone grafts were described at each time interval. Each dog received a series of intravenous fluorochrome label injections on days 23, 28 and 33. The dogs were humanely euthanatized on day 35. The bone graft recipient sites were harvested, processed and the descriptive histological and histomorphometric parameters were evaluated.A statistically significant difference in photodensitometric measurements was not seen between the CCBG and CBG. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the graft area of the CCBG from day 0-16. Mineral apposition rate was significantly greater, (P = 0.005) for the CCBG (mean = 4.8) than for the CBG (mean = 3.7), suggesting that the CCBG appears to be in an earlier more osteogenic phase of incorporation than the CBG. There was a trend which suggested that the percentage of trabecular bone volume was greater (P = 0.11) for the CBG (mean = 43.0) than for the CCBG (mean = 32.0). Other significant differences were not found, with respect to the other morphometric parameters measured. The descriptive histology and subjective radiographic evaluation were the most effective ways of readily distinguishing between the two types of bone graft and they demonstrated that the CBG had incorporated more completely than the CCBG by day 35.Presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois 1995 and at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Veterinary Orthopaedic Society, Telluride, Colorado 1996
Quantitative morphology of the human and porcine mid-lumbar interspinous ligament
Authors: Dumas G. A. , Hewlett B. R. , Bednar D. A. , Dickey J. P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAnimal models are essential in spine research for evaluating implants and for studying spinal mechanics. Several studies have compared the geometrical characteristics of animal and human vertebrae, but few studies have compared the structure of the spinal ligaments. The purpose of this study was to systematically quantify the collagen fibre orientation of the porcine and human interspinous ligament and thereby allow clearer interpretation of function. Human and porcine lumbar spine segments were loaded with a 10 Nm pure-flexion moment and chemically fixed. The sagittal plane collagen fibre orientation in the mid-lumbar interspinous ligaments was quantified by examining histological sections using a plane-polarized light macroscope and custom analysis software. The specimens showed collagen fibres in a posterior-cranial orientation originating from the superior aspect of the spinous process of the inferior vertebra and merging into the supraspinous ligament. There were not any statistically significant differences in interspinous ligament collagen fibre orientation between the human and porcine specimens. The middle and ventral spaces between the spinous processes of the human specimens contained loose disorganized collagen, skeletal muscle, and voids. The main load-bearing component of porcine and human interspinous ligament at the midlumbar level appears to be the dorsal portion, which is oriented at approximately 77-79 degrees with respect to the mid-disc plane. This dorsal aspect has a long moment arm and therefore is well suited to prevent excessive flexion. The similarity of the interspinous ligament morphology suggests that the porcine lumbar spine is a good model of the human lumbar spine.
Critical size defect model on the femur in rabbits
Authors: Balligand M. , Crigel M.-H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe study purposed to elaborate a model of non-union to test a new biomaterial enhancing bone healing in large segmental defects. The authors’ concern was to develop a model of osteosynthesis capable of maintaining the stability of a femur that sustained a segmental defect. Also, they intended to determine the length of a defect that would create a nonunion. The madel was a 20-mm segmental bone defect coupled with an appropriate osteosynthesis in the rabbit femur. Two groups of rabbits underwent a mid-shaft ostectomy. Osteosynthesis was mode by two superposed holes 2-mm cuttable plates with cerclage wires. In one group, an additional intramedullary pin was inserted. The experiment lasted 16 weeks. The rabbits of the control group suffered fracture of the plates before the end of the experiment. The rabbits of the test group showed stability of the implants and nonunion of the defect. It was concluded that a mid-shaft segmental defect of 20 mm, coupled with an osteosynthesis combining plates, wires and intramedullary pin, is a valid critical size defect model in the rabbit femur.
Modification of the triangulation technique for arthroscopy of the canine shoulder joint using a new target device
Authors: Lehmann M. , Lehmann K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA modified triangulation technique for arthroscopy of the canine shoulder joint to insert a working cannula in the caudal joint pouch is described. This technique is compared with the triangulation technique of Van Ryssen (10). With the modified triangulation the insertion angle for the working cannula into the caudal joint pouch was provided by a target device which was attached to the arthroscopic sleeve. Both methods were carried out on 60 dog cadavers and the differences were recorded in terms of various parameters: success (SUC), time (TI), number of trials (TR), position of the working cannula (POS), damage to articular cartilage (DAM), and force to remove the working cannula (FOR). The modified triangulation technique permits simpler, faster and less traumatic insertion of the working cannula into the caudal joint pouch.
The role of negative intra-articular pressure in the maintenance of shoulder joint stability in dogs
Authors: McLaughlin R. M. , Elder S. H. , Boyle C. R. , Silverman E. B. , Sidaway B. K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of negative intra-articular pressure on shoulder joint stability in canine cadavers. Cadaver forelimbs from 12 mature dogs were used. The forelimbs were placed in a testing frame and axially preloaded with 4 kg of weight. Shoulder joint stability was tested in flexion, extension, and neutral position before and after venting of the joint capsule. Humeral translation relative to the glenoid was induced by applying a 3 kg load in three different directions (cranial, lateral, and medial) and quantitatively measured by use of an electromagnetic motion tracking system. Peak translational data were compared in each joint position before and after venting of the joint capsule. After venting the shoulder joint capsule, a significant increase in translation was observed in the cranial direction with the joint in neutral position and in the medial direction with the joint in extension. The horizontal translations measured after venting of the joint capsule were likely not clinically relevant. Negative intra-articular pressure is not a major contributor to shoulder stability in dogs during weight-bearing.
Surgery plus chondroprotection for canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture
Authors: Lacitignola L. , Miolo A. , Fanizzi F. P. , Crovace A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryRupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) is one of the most frequent causes of lameness of the rear limb in the dog. Regardless of the type of treatment, CCL rupture inevitably leads to knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of associating surgical treatment of spontaneous rupture of the CCL with a chondroprotector, that is called “supraadditive” because it is formulated to counteract not only chondrodegeneration, but also the oxidative and inflammatory processes of OA. The open-label controlled study used proton NMR spectroscopy to evaluate the synovial fluid of the stifle of 10 dogs with monolateral rupture of the CCL, selected for the study based on specific inclusive criteria. The dogs were assigned randomly into two groups. Five dogs received the supra-additive chondroprotector for 60 days, starting on the day after surgery. Five dogs only underwent surgical reconstruction of the CCL. The results were analysed with the ANOVA unstructured variance matrix-covariance test. The trend overtime of the synovial concentration of four metabolites (lactate, alanine, acetyl groups of N-acety-lated sugars on glycoproteins and alpha-anomers of glucose) was found to differ to a statistically significant extent between the two groups, suggesting that the supra-additive chondroprotector produces an intra-ar-ticular metabolic rebalance. The results support the adjuvant use of the chondroprotector in the management of CCL rupture, in view of its control of the OA changes that accompany this orthopaedic disabling condition.
New Uses of Plastination in Bone Histology
Authors: Eitel F. , Waldner H. , Brunner U. , Seibold R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe plastination techniques, originally developed for macroscopy, were modified in order to prepare plasti-nated sections for microscopy. A particularly good penetration of the specimen occurred during the preparation of the histological section when the described techniques for freeze substitution, defatting and forced impregnation with resin were employed. The different polymer mixtures were compared, in order to determine their particular advantages and disadvantages. The sectioning technique and the use of histological stains were described both for the undecalcified, as well as decalcified bones. The production of a deplastinated thin section presents a particular problem which can be addressed by this method. The modified Spalteholz technique with decalcification of sections and “Nach-Plastination” was described for the preparation of plane-parallel standardized sections for morphometric examination of the vascular structure of the bone.The possible uses of plastination, for running histological examination procedures such as fluorescence microscopy, microangiography and microradiography, were shown. The validity of different microangiographic techniques could be determined only through the use of the further-developed Spalteholz and plastination techniques. Thus, the plastination technique appears to be an especially useful procedure for the examination of microscopy specimens. It is recommended as well for other disciplines unrelated to bone, for example in pathology and anatomy.The plastination is a very modern technique to produce anatomical teaching specimens and to prepare tissue very naturally without artefacts. Some technical modifications allow the transfer to histologic preparations including bone histology.