bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Research on Distribution and Evolution of Coupling Residual Stresses Induced by Cutting-Welding Continuous Process
Authors: Wei Zhi-yuan , Liu Yu-jun , Li Rui , Wang Ji 
Published: April 2018

Thermal cutting and welding are usually applied on component sequentially in shipbuilding, and the coupling residual stresses will be induced during this continuous process, which make the residual stress distribution different to that induced by single process. This research took a typical continuous process as the object: first, the mild steel plate was cut in half by oxygen flame, and then welded together. Based on the regression equations of initial residual stress distribution induced by cutting, a simplified numerical model was presented to investigate the distribution and evolution of coupling residual stresses with stress measurement validation based on X-ray diffraction. The research concluded that the distribution of coupling residual stresses, induced by cutting-welding continuous process, is mainly affected by the process, which can generate a wider distribution of high stresses. The evolution of coupling stresses is determined by the distance to seam (Γ1~Γ3)and the period undergoing (T1~T3), and the influence of initial residual stresses on coupling stresses was also investigated.

1. Introduction
Shipbuilding consists of a series of processes applied sequentially, and the components of hull have to experience more than one process during shipbuilding, so the residual stresses in hull should be considered as the result of coupling effects between different processes, and it was named as coupling residual stress in this research.
A typical kind of coupling residual stress in shipbuilding is induced by thermal cutting-welding continuous process, for example: first, the steel plates are cut into designed shapes, and then welded together to form the subassembly. During this continuous process, the coupling effects will be generated between the stress field of thermal cutting and the temperature field of welding, and superimposed with welding stresses. As a result, the cutting-welding coupling residual stresses will be presented. compared to the residual stresses induced by single process, coupling residual stresses need experience the evolution effected by much more factors, and finally have a more complex distribution. However, the residual stresses due to single process have gained most of the attention of researchers so far, and there is a lack of the studies on coupling residual stresses during continuous process (McPherson 2007).
Sustainable Design of Batch Processes
Authors: Pinto‐Varela Tânia , Carvalho Ana Isabel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe batch process industry is intimately related to the production of high‐value products. The global market for these types of products is strongly competitive, imposing severe burdens to succeed in this industry. It is critical to adopt an innovative culture, which keeps pace with the shifting requirements of customers. Sustainability is becoming a priority in customers' choice and therefore promotes making batch processes more efficient and competitive in the marketplace. This chapter outlines a proposed framework that may be used to design and retrofit sustainable batch processes. The framework provides a new methodology for sustainable batch design, called Sustainable Batch Design – Framework (SBD‐FRAME).SBD‐FRAMEguides a user toward a more sustainable batch process. The framework incorporates sustainability aspects (economic, environmental, and social) that should be considered in order to assess sustainability across different levels of sustainable batch design. Use of the framework is highlighted through two case studies.
Receptor‐Targeted Drug Delivery and the (Many) Problems We Know of: The Case of CD44 and Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Rios de la Rosa Julio M. , Tirella Annalisa , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCD44 is best known for being the most common receptor of hyaluronic acid (HA). It is also a heterogeneous molecule: while its standard isoform (CD44s) is ubiquitously expressed, there are also a range of variants (CD44v), and both CD44s and CD44v undergo a variety of post‐translational modifications. The signaling roles and frequent overexpression of both CD44s and CD44v in cancer (e.g., in cancer initiating cells/cancer stem cells) has raised interest in them for diagnostic applications, but also—and most importantly for this review—as possible molecular targets in tumor therapy, with their endocytic character being a clear advantage for the intracellular release of payloads. In this area, the most popular approach employs HA‐based carriers. However, their rational design and therefore the success of HA‐based therapies are hampered by the rather limited understanding of not only the identity, but also the dynamic properties of CD44. In this review, the reader is exposed to the full breadth of the challenges that HA carriers currently face, which start at the CD44 post‐transcriptional and post‐translational heterogeneity, and also include the understanding of receptor clustering phenomena (influencing also HA avidity), as well as the evaluation of off‐target effects.
Thioethyl‐Porphyrazine/Nanocarbon Hybrids for Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Belviso Sandra , Capasso Andrea , Santoro Ernesto , Najafi Leyla , Lelj Francesco , Superchi Stefano , Casarini Daniele , Villani Claudio , Spirito Davide , Bellani Sebastiano , Del Rio‐Castillo Antonio Esau , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel pyrene‐substituted thioethyl‐porphyrazine (PzPy) and the formation of supramolecular assembly with nanocarbons demonstrating photoinduced electron transfer ability are designed. As revealed by spectroscopic and electrochemical studies, PzPy displays wide spectral absorption in the visible range, charge separation upon photoexcitation, as well as bandgap and highest occupied/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO/LUMO) energy values, matching the key requirements of organic optoelectronic. Moreover, the presence of a pyrene moiety promotes attractive interactions with π‐conjugated systems. In particular, theoretical calculations show that in the PzPy the HOMO and LUMO are localized on different positions of the molecule, i.e., the HOMO on the pyrene moiety and the LUMO on the macrocycle. Therefore, HOMO–LUMO excitation gives rise to a charge separation, preventing excitons recombination. Two kinds of noncovalent hybrid composites are prepared by mixing the PzPy with single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene nanoflakes (GNFs), respectively, and used for photocurrent generation through charge transfer processes between PzPy and nanocarbons. Photoconduction experiments show photocurrent generation upon visible light irradiation of both PzPy/SWNT and PzPy/GNF composites (0.78 and 0.71 mA W−1 at 500 nm, respectively), demonstrating their suitability for optoelectronic applications and light harvesting systems.
Ultrasensitive Photoresponsive Devices Based on Graphene/BiI3 van der Waals Epitaxial Heterostructures
Authors: Chang Po‐Han , Li Chia‐Shuo , Fu Fang‐Yu , Huang Kuo‐You , Chou Ang‐Sheng , Wu Chih‐I 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn recent years, bismuth iodide (BiI3), a layered metal halide semiconducting light absorber with a wide bandgap of ≈1.8 eV and strong optical absorption in the visible region, has received greater attention for photovoltaic applications. In this study, ultrasensitive visible‐light photodetectors with graphene/BiI3 vertical heterostructures are achieved by van der Waals epitaxies. The BiI3 films deposited on graphene show flatter morphologies and significantly better crystallinities than that of BiI3 films on SiO2 substrates, mainly due to weak van der Waals interactions at the graphene/BiI3 interface. Hybrid photodetectors with highly crystalline graphene/BiI3 heterostructures demonstrate an ultrahigh responsivity of 6 × 106 A W−1, shot‐noise‐limited detectivity of 7 × 1014 Jones, and a relatively short response time of ≈8 ms. Compared to most previously reported graphene‐based hybrid photodetectors, these devices have comparable photosensitivities but a faster response speed and lower operation voltage, which is quite promising for ultralow intensity visible‐light sensors. Moreover, the electronic structure and interfacial chemistry at the graphene/BiI3 heterojunctions are investigated using photoemission spectroscopy. The results give clear evidence that no chemical interactions occur between graphene and BiI3, resulting in the van der Waals epitaxial growth, and the measured band bending consistently illustrates that a photoinduced charge transfer occurs at the graphene/BiI3 interface.
Anodized Aluminum Oxide/Polydimethylsiloxane Hybrid Mold for Roll‐to‐Roll Nanoimprinting
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , Hyun Seung , Lee Jaeyong , Lee Kyu Seong , Lee Woo , Kim Jin Kon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo types (hard and soft) of the molds are widely used in nanoimprint lithography for a high throughput over a large area, and high‐resolution parallel patterning. Although hard molds have proven excellent resolutions and can be used at high temperatures, cracks often occur in the mold in addition to the requirement of high imprinting pressure. On the other hand, though soft molds can operate at lower pressures, they give poor pattern resolution. Here, a novel hybrid mold of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template attached to a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) plate is introduced. Due to the flexible nature of PDMS, various polymer nanostructures are obtained on flat and curved substrates without crack formation on the AAO mold surface. Furthermore, the hybrid mold is successfully used for roll‐to‐roll imprinting for the fabrication of high density array of various shaped polymeric nanostructures over a large area.
Multilayer‐Folded Graphene Ribbon Film with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance and High Rate Performance for Compressible Supercapacitors
Authors: Sheng Lizhi , Chang Jin , Jiang Lili , Jiang Zimu , Liu Zheng , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLimited by 2D geometric morphology and low bulk packing density, developing graphene‐based flexible/compressible supercapacitors with high specific capacitances (gravimetric/volumetric/areal), especially at high rates, is an outstanding challenge. Here, a strategy for the synthesis of free‐standing graphene ribbon films (GRFs) for high‐performance flexible and compressible supercapacitors through blade‐coating of interconnected graphene oxide ribbons and a subsequent thermal treatment process is reported. With an ultrahigh mass loading of 21 mg cm−2, large ion‐accessible surface area, efficient electron and ion transport pathways as well as high packing density, the compressed multilayer‐folded GRF films (F‐GRF) exhibit ultrahigh areal capacitance of 6.7 F cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2, high gravimetric/volumetric capacitances (318 F g−1, 293 F cm−3), and high rate performance (3.9 F cm−2 at 105 mA cm−2), as well as excellent cycling stability (109% of capacitance retention after 40 000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled F‐GRF symmetric supercapacitor with compressible and flexible characteristics, can deliver an ultrahigh areal energy density of 0.52 mWh cm−2 in aqueous electrolyte, almost two times higher than the values obtained from symmetric supercapacitors with comparable dimensions.
g‐C3N4 Loading Black Phosphorus Quantum Dot for Efficient and Stable Photocatalytic H2 Generation under Visible Light
Authors: Kong Lingqiao , Ji Yujin , Dang Zhenzhen , Yan Junqing , Li Ping , Li Youyong , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) is an interesting two‐dimensional material with low‐cost and abundant metal‐free properties and is used as one cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 production. However, the BP quantum dot (BPQD) is not studied. Herein, for the first time, BPQD is introduced as a hole‐migration cocatalyst of layered g‐C3N4 for visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen generation. A high‐vacuum stirring method is developed for BPQD loading without the dissociation of BP. The layered BPQD is coupled on the layered g‐C3N4 surface to form a heterojunction structure. The 7% BPQD–C3N4 samples show similar time‐resolved photoluminescence curves as 0.5% Pt–C3N4. The optimum hydrogen rates of the modified sample (7% BPQD–C3N4) are 190, 133, 90, and 10.4 µmol h−1 under simulated sunlight, LED‐405, LED‐420, and LED‐550 nm irradiation, respectively, which are 3.5, 3.6, and 3 times larger than that of the pristine g‐C3N4. Such low‐cost layered system not only optimizes the optical, electrical, and texture properties of the hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting to generate hydrogen but also provides ideas for designing novel or easily oxidized candidates by incorporating different available materials with given carriers.
Engineering Pro‐Regenerative Hydrogels for Scarless Wound Healing
Authors: Sun Guoming , Shen Yu‐I , Harmon John W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSkin and skin appendages protect the body from harmful environment and prevent internal organs from dehydration. Superficial epidermal wounds usually heal without scarring, however, deep dermal wound healing commonly ends up with nonfunctioning scar formation with substantial loss of skin appendage. Wound healing is one of the most complex dynamic biological processes, during which a cascade of biomolecules combine with stem cell influx and matrix synthesis and synergistically contribute to wound healing at all levels. Although many approaches have been investigated to restore complete skin, the clinically effective therapy is still unavailable and the regeneration of perfect skin still remains a significant challenge. The complete mechanism behind scarless skin regeneration still requires further investigation. Fortunately, recent advancement in regenerative medicine empowers us more than ever to restore tissue in a regenerative manner. Many studies have elucidated and reviewed the contribution of stem cells and growth factors to scarless wound healing. This article focuses on recent advances in scarless wound healing, especially strategies to engineer pro‐regenerative scaffolds to restore damaged skin in a regenerative manner.
Surface Nanopore Engineering of 2D MXenes for Targeted and Synergistic Multitherapies of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhenli , Zhang Han , Han Jun , Chen Yu , Lin Han , Yang Tian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly gastrointestinal malignancies. Given its insensitivity to traditional systematic chemotherapy, new therapeutic strategies for efficient HCCs treatment are urgently needed. Here, the development of a novel 2D MXene‐based composite nanoplatform for highly efficient and synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal hyperthermia against HCC is reported. A surface‐nanopore engineering strategy is developed for the MXenes’ surface functionalization, which achieves the uniform coating of a thin mesoporous‐silica layer onto the surface of 2D Ti3C2 MXene (Ti3C2@mMSNs). This strategy endows MXenes with well‐defined mesopores for on‐demand drug release/delivery, enhanced hydrophilicity/dispersity, and abundant surface chemistry for targeting engineering. Systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluations have demonstrated the high active‐targeting capability of arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD)‐targeting Ti3C2@mMSNs into tumor, and the synergistic chemotherapy (contributed by the mesoporous shell) and photothermal hyperthermia (contributed by the Ti3C2 MXene core) completely eradicate the tumor without obvious reoccurrence. This work not only provides a novel strategy for efficiently combating HCC by developing MXene‐based composite nanoplatforms, but also paves a new way for extending the biomedical applications of MXenes by surface‐nanopore engineering.
Methylxanthine Drug Monitoring with Wearable Sweat Sensors
Authors: Tai Li‐Chia , Gao Wei , Chao Minghan , Bariya Mallika , Ngo Quynh P. , Shahpar Ziba , Nyein Hnin Y. Y. , Park Hyejin , Sun Junfeng , Jung Younsu , Wu Eric , Fahad Hossain M. , Lien Der‐Hsien , Ota Hiroki , Cho Gyoujin , Javey Ali 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDrug monitoring plays crucial roles in doping control and precision medicine. It helps physicians tailor drug dosage for optimal benefits, track patients' compliance to prescriptions, and understand the complex pharmacokinetics of drugs. Conventional drug tests rely on invasive blood draws. While urine and sweat are attractive alternative biofluids, the state‐of‐the‐art methods require separate sample collection and processing steps and fail to provide real‐time information. Here, a wearable platform equipped with an electrochemical differential pulse voltammetry sensing module for drug monitoring is presented. A methylxanthine drug, caffeine, is selected to demonstrate the platform's functionalities. Sweat caffeine levels are monitored under various conditions, such as drug doses and measurement time after drug intake. Elevated sweat caffeine levels upon increasing dosage and confirmable caffeine physiological trends are observed. This work leverages a wearable sweat sensing platform toward noninvasive and continuous point‐of‐care drug monitoring and management.
The Disappearing Director: The Case of Directed N‐Arylation via a Removable Hydroxyl Group
Authors: Andrzejewska Magdalena R. , Vuram Prasanna K. , Pottabathini Narender , Gurram Venkateshwarlu , Relangi Siva Subrahmanyam , Korvinson Kirill A. , Doddipalla Raju , Stahl Lothar , Neary Michelle C. , Pradhan Padmanava , Sharma Somesh , Lakshman Mahesh K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA facile and broadly applicable method for the regiospecific N‐arylation of benzotriazoles is reported. Copper‐mediated reactions of diverse 1‐hydroxy‐1H‐benzotriazoles with aryl boronic acids lead to 1‐aryl‐1H‐benzotriazole 3‐oxides. A N1‐OH→N3 prototropy in the 1‐hydroxy‐1H‐benzotriazoles is plausibly the underlying basis, where the tautomer is captured by the boronic acid, leading to C−N (not C−O) bond formation. Because the N−O bond in amine N‐oxides and 1‐hydroxy‐1H‐benzotriazoles can be easily reduced by diboron reagents such as (pinB)2 and B2(OH)4, exposure of the 1‐aryl‐1H‐benzotriazole 3‐oxides to B2(OH)4 then leads to facile reduction of the N−O bond resulting in diverse, regiospecifically‐arylated benzotriazoles. Thus, the N‐hydroxyl group in 1‐hydroxy‐1H‐benzotriazoles acts as a disposable arylation director.magnified image
Phosphine‐Initiated Cascade Annulation of β′‐Acetoxy Allenoate and p‐Quinols: Access to Ring Fused Hexahydroindeno Furan Derivatives
Authors: Xing Jiao‐Jiao , Gao Yu‐Ning , Shi Min 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA highly diastereoselective cascade annulation process of p‐quinols with β′‐acetoxy allenoate catalyzed by phosphine has been developed, which comes up with highly functionalized multiple ring‐fused hexahydroindeno furan derivatives in synthetically useful yields and creates three consecutive stereogenic carbon centers only in a one‐step manner. The salient features of this phosphine‐catalyzed cyclization include the use of p‐quinol's three active sites in this cascade reaction, wide substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, asymmetric version, good yields, ease of scale‐up to gram scale, and further transformations.magnified image
Mixed 3D–2D Passivation Treatment for Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells for Higher Efficiency and Better Stability
Authors: Cho Yongyoon , Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , Yun Jae Sung , Kim Jincheol , Lee Da Seul , Seidel Jan , Deng Xiaofan , Green Martin A. , Huang Shujuan , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLayered low‐dimensional perovskite structures employing bulky organic ammonium cations have shown significant improvement on stability but poorer performance generally compared to their 3D counterparts. Here, a mixed passivation (MP) treatment is reported that uses a mixture of bulky organic ammonium iodide (iso‐butylammonium iodide, iBAI) and formammidinium iodide (FAI), enhancing both power conversion efficiency and stability. Through a combination of inactivation of the interfacial trap sites, characterized by photoluminescence measurement, and formation of an interfacial energetic barrier by which ionic transport is reduced, demonstrated by Kelvin probe force microscopy, MP treatment of the perovskite/hole transport layer interface significantly suppresses photocurrent hysteresis. Using this MP treatment, the champion mixed‐halide perovskite cell achieves a reverse scan and stabilized power conversion efficiency of 21.7%. Without encapsulation, the devices show excellent moisture stability, sustaining over 87% of the original performance after 38 d storage in ambient environment under 75 ± 20% relative humidity. This work shows that FAI/iBAI, is a new and promising material combination for passivating perovskite/selective‐contact interfaces.
Challenges of comprehensive taxon sampling in comparative biology: Wrestling with rosids
Authors: Folk Ryan A. , Sun Miao , Soltis Pamela S. , Smith Stephen A. , Soltis Douglas E. , Guralnick Robert P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing phylogenetic approaches to test hypotheses on a large scale, in terms of both species sampling and associated species traits and occurrence data—and doing this with rigor despite all the attendant challenges—is critical for addressing many broad questions in evolution and ecology. However, application of such approaches to empirical systems is hampered by a lingering series of theoretical and practical bottlenecks. The community is still wrestling with the challenges of how to develop species‐level, comprehensively sampled phylogenies and associated geographic and phenotypic resources that enable global‐scale analyses. We illustrate difficulties and opportunities using the rosids as a case study, arguing that assembly of biodiversity data that is scale‐appropriate—and therefore comprehensive and global in scope—is required to test global‐scale hypotheses. Synthesizing comprehensive biodiversity data sets in clades such as the rosids will be key to understanding the origin and present‐day evolutionary and ecological dynamics of the angiosperms.
The marketisation of education in Australia: Does investment in private schooling improve post‐school outcomes?
Authors: Chesters Jenny 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe distribution of school funding has been a controversial topic for decades particularly since the Australian Government introduced a new funding model for private schools in the late 1990s. Recent research shows that changes in the funding of private schools have encouraged growth in the number of private schools allowing parents with the financial means to select from an increasing range of options for their children. For this article, I conduct analyses of data from the 2003 cohort of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth project to examine differences in the outcomes of students according to the type of school attended. The results presented in this article show that students with highly educated parents were more likely than other students to attend independent schools. After controlling for the level of economic, social and cultural status of the school population, type of school attended was not associated with academic achievement, as measured by the Programme for International Student Assessment tests. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant association between type of school attended and employment status, occupation or earnings at age 24, net of level of educational attainment.