bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grill-Cleaning Wire Brush Bristle Ingestion: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mortensen Melissa , Samara Ghassan , Regenbogen Elliot 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The authors report a small case series of an unusual ingested foreign body, wire brush bristles, whose small size can present a challenge for endoscopic removal. The authors describe transnasal endoscopic removal and provide a literature review. Methods: From 2011 to 2017, 8 patients presented to an academic tertiary medical center with ingestion of wire brush bristles. The patients’ medical records were reviewed and are described in this report, along with a literature review. Results: In 4 patients, the bristles were in the lingual tonsils. In 1 patient, a bristle was within the pharyngoepiglottic fold and lingual tonsils. Three patients underwent office removal with a fiber-optic laryngoscope under local anesthesia. Two patients underwent direct laryngoscopy with bristle removal. In 1 patient the wire bristle transected the esophagus, requiring an open procedure. One patient presented with a complicated deep-space neck infection. Conclusions: Wire brush bristles easily become displaced and subsequently become lodged in the upper aerodigestive tract. Localization of a bristle can be difficult on examination and laryngoscopy. Radiography can be performed, but computed tomographic examination with contrast is superior for precise localization for preparation for an operative approach. Depending on the precise location of the bristle, endoscopic removal using a fiber-optic channeled scope may be a safe and effective solution. Level of Evidence: Case Series, IV
Coordinated Daily Activity Pattern Type in an Applied Activity-Based Travel Model System: Specifics of Modeling Large Households and Modality Preferences
Authors: Vyas Gaurav , Vovsha Peter , Givon Danny , Birotker Yehoshua 
Published: July 2018

This paper describes a modified approach to modeling an individual daily activity-travel pattern (DAP) coordinated at the household level. The model was primarily introduced to handle large households that are typical for the city of Jerusalem. However, the developed method proved useful in adding more behavioral aspects to the model. The study introduced daily modality and added the emphasis on modeling it for all household members simultaneously. It is of special practical value for Jerusalem since such population sectors as ultra-Orthodox Jewish and Arabs are characterized by a large share of persons who have an entire day of travel implemented in a non-motorized fashion. In addition to daily modality, this paper presents a simple but useful approach to understand at-home time-use. A binary choice model was formulated for the main reason of being inactive (working-at-home or other). The paper also discusses possible extensions of the current approach as well as alternative approaches to frame DAP type choice in the context of a complete activity-based travel model (ABM). In particular, this model can be easily extended in order to better address the joint nature of the choices using the Gibbs sampler. The paper discusses how DAP type choice can be framed in many ways and with different levels of detail subject to the ultimate model system design.
Adapting the DIPLOMACY Board Game Concept for 21st Century International Relations Teaching
Authors: Mattlin Mikael 
Published: July 2018

Background. This article reports on pedagogical experiences of designing and teaching an active learning international relations (IR) course utilizing the classical board game DIPLOMACY, with added game elements and modified game rules to make the game better suited for educational purposes. Aim. Game adaptations include team play, a dedicated peace mediator team, altered win rules and a post-game debriefing discussion on different cultures of anarchy. These elements were designed to overcome a shortcoming that the game approximates a worldview akin to offensive realism, which is not practical in contemporary international relations, and also normatively objectionable to many IR scholars. Method. Teacher experiences designing and modifying the course, coupled with student feedback on the course concept from three consecutive years. Results. Student feedback has been exceedingly positive, with a 4.61 average grade (n = 210 grades) on a five-point Likert-type scale, where 1 signifies poor and 5 excellent. Conclusions. Through game modifications, students turned a game infamous for its backstabbing and breaking of promises into a game that resolves in a mediated and negotiated outcome. The findings suggest that DIPLOMACY can be useful beyond teaching the realist worldview, and adapted to create a more accurate microworld approximation of international relations.
Formal Authority, Persuasive Power, and Effectiveness in State Legislatures
Authors: Edwards Barry 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhat makes some lawmakers more effective than others is a central question in American politics. Recent research has emphasized the role of informal, persuasive leadership, but this research has focused almost exclusively on Congress, so it is unclear whether this approach to lawmaking is generally effective. Analysis of state legislatures is hampered by the lack of a theoretically sound and practically feasible measure of legislative effectiveness. I offer a solution to the primary problem with traditional hit rates. I apply this approach to North Carolina legislators and show my effectiveness estimates correspond with expert evaluations. I then examine recent terms of the Michigan, Georgia, and North Carolina legislatures to evaluate the relative importance of formal and informal powers at the state level. I hypothesize and find that informal, persuasive leadership is not effective in state legislatures where lawmaking is better explained by formal, hierarchical authority.
Markers of metabolic endotoxemia as related to metabolic syndrome in an elderly male population at high cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Awoyemi Ayodeji , Trøseid Marius , Arnesen Harald , Solheim Svein , Seljeflot Ingebjørg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions that conjoined represents a 1.5–2.5 fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies have reported that gut dysbiosis and leakage of bacterial components, may contribute to the metabolic disturbances and systemic inflammation observed in subjects with MetS. Chronic exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to induce features of MetS in experimental studies. LPS interacts with the innate immune system, facilitated through LPS-binding protein (LBP) and the co-receptor CD14, both regarded as markers of gut leakage.PurposeWe investigated whether circulating levels of LBP and sCD14 are associated with the presence of MetS and its components, and further any association with systemic inflammation.MethodsWe examined 482 men, aged between 65 and 75 years, all at high CVD risk. MetS criteria’s according to the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III were met in 182 subjects (38%).ResultsLevels of LBP and sCD14 did not differ between individuals with and without MetS. However, a trend towards increased risk of MetS through quartiles of LBP was observed (p = 0.05). Individuals in the highest quartile (Q4), had an increased risk of MetS (OR = 1.76, 95% CI (1.04–3.00), compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) (p = 0.04). With regard to the separate constituents of MetS, patients who met the waist circumference criterion had significant higher concentration of LBP compared to those who did not (p = 0.04). We also found a weak, but significant correlation between LBP and waist circumference (r = 0.10, p = 0.03). Moderate, yet significant correlations were observed between both LBP and sCD14 and several markers of systemic inflammation (r = 0.1–0.23; p < 0.001–0.04).ConclusionThe trend for increased prevalence of MetS observed with increasing quartiles of LBP seems to be mainly driven by central obesity in our male cohort. The associations between LBP, sCD14 and systemic inflammation, indicate a potential role of the innate immune system in MetS.Trial registrationCLINICALTRIALS.GOV, NCT00764010. Registered 01 October 2008—retrospectively registered,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00764010?term=NCT00764010&rank=1
The roles of DNA epigenetics and clinical significance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: a review
Authors: Keramatinia Aliasghar , Ahadi Alireza , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Mohseny Maryam , Mosavi Jarahi Alireza , Bahadori-Monfared Ayad , Hashemi Mehrdad , Moradi Afshin , Mehrvar Narjes , Kazemi Elham , Movafagh Abolfazl 
Published: July 2018

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the genetic translocation t(9;22) (q34;q11.2) encoding for the BCR-ABL fusion oncogene. Growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic abnormalities are involved in tyrosine kinase resistance in CML, leading to leukemic clone escape and disease propagation. The significant of therapeutic role in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) depends on both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. This article focused on the CML and epigenetic and clinical significance. An electronic search of peer-reviewed articles was systematically performed to obtain the relevant literature with the CINAHL, cancer, Google scholar, self-experience and PubMed databases. The keywords included leukemia, cancer, illness, epigenetic. The inclusion criteria for the reviews were that the documents were original quantitative research and published in English. Articles that were not directly relevant to the present objective were excluded. Current progress in molecular biology and bioinformatics offer novel promising experiments namely as next generation sequencing for new development in epigenetic figures characterization and more understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms to be successfully utilized for personalized CML therapy in the next coming years.
Continuity properties of weakly monotone Orlicz–Sobolev functions
Authors: Carozza Menita , Cianchi Andrea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe notion of weakly monotone functions extends the classical definition of monotone function, that can be traced back to Lebesgue. It was introduced, in the framework of Sobolev spaces, by Manfredi, in connection with the analysis of the regularity of maps of finite distortion appearing in the theory of nonlinear elasticity. Diverse authors, including Iwaniecz, Kauhanen, Koskela, Maly, Onninen, Zhong, thoroughly investigated continuity properties of monotone functions in the more general setting of Orlicz–Sobolev spaces, in view of the analysis of continuity, openness and discreteness properties of maps under minimal integrability assumptions on their distortion. The present paper complements and augments the available Orlicz–Sobolev theory of weakly monotone functions. In particular, a variant is proposed in a customary condition ensuring the continuity of functions from this class, which avoids a technical additional assumption, and applies in certain situations when the latter is not fulfilled. The continuity outside sets of zero Orlicz capacity, and outside sets of (generalized) zero Hausdorff measure are also established when everywhere continuity fails.
Skew symmetric logarithms and geodesics on O
n
(ℝ)
Authors: Dolcetti Alberto , Pertici Donato 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We investigate the connections between the differential-geometric properties of the exponential map from the space of real skew symmetric matrices onto the group of real special orthogonal matrices and the manifold of real orthogonal matrices equipped with the Riemannian structure induced by the Frobenius metric.
On the cells in a stationary Poisson hyperplane mosaic
Authors: Reitzner Matthias , Schneider Rolf 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Let X be the mosaic generated by a stationary Poisson hyperplane process X̂ in ℝ
d
. Under some mild conditions on the spherical directional distribution of X̂ (which are satisfied if the process is isotropic), we show that with probability one the set of cells (d-polytopes) of X has the following properties. The translates of the cells are dense in the space of convex bodies. Every combinatorial type of simple d-polytopes is realized infinitely often by the cells of X. A further result concerns the distribution of the typical cell.
A proof of a conjecture by Haviv, Lyubashevsky and Regev on the second moment of a lattice Voronoi cell
Authors: Magazinov Alexander 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this short note we prove a sharp lower bound for the second moment of a lattice Voronoi cell in terms of the respective covering radius. This gives an affirmative answer to a conjecture by Haviv, Lyubashevsky and Regev. We also characterize those lattice Voronoi cells for which this lower bound is attained.
Lipschitz–Killing curvatures and polar images
Authors: Dutertre Nicolas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We relate the Lipschitz–Killing measures of a definable set X ⊂ ℝ
n
in an o-minimal structure to the volumes of generic polar images. For smooth submanifolds of ℝ
n
, such results were established by Langevin and Shifrin. Then we give infinitesimal versions of these results. As a corollary, we obtain a relation between the polar invariants of Comte and Merle and the densities of generic polar images.
Self–Employment, Wealth and Start–up Costs: Evidence from a Financial Crisis
Authors: Elitcha Koffi , Fonseca Raquel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Using individual-level data from three uniquely comparable surveys (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health and Retirement Study) in Europe and the United States, as well as the World Bank’s Doing Business data, this paper empirically zeroes in on the impact of start-up costs on the self-employment–wealth relationship. The longitudinal nature of the data enables us to investigate the potential effects of the last global financial crisis. Results confirm the strong positive relationship between the entrepreneurial choice and wealth as well as the negative effect that stems from the increase in start-up costs. Interestingly, although there is no strong evidence that wealth in itself played a bigger role during the crisis, we find that the negative impact of start-up costs on the entrepreneurship–wealth relationship proved to be significantly pronounced during the last crisis.
A Low-Rank Inexact Newton–Krylov Method for Stochastic Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Benner Peter , Onwunta Akwum , Stoll Martin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper aims at the efficient numerical solution of stochastic eigenvalue problems.
Such problems often lead to prohibitively
high-dimensional systems with tensor product structure when discretized with the stochastic
Galerkin method. Here, we exploit this inherent tensor product structure to develop a globalized low-rank inexact Newton method with which we tackle the stochastic eigenproblem.
We illustrate the effectiveness of our solver with numerical experiments.
Calcified microorganisms bloom in Furongian of the North China Platform: Evidence from Microbialitic-Bioherm in Qijiayu Section, Hebei
Authors: Xiao EnZhao , Latif Khalid , Riaz Muhammad , Qin Yinglun , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn order to study the sedimentological response of the first episode of “cyanobacteria calcification event” in Phanerozoic, we studied the microbialites from Furongian Series in Qijiayu section, Hebei Province, which is located in the central part of the North China Platform. Cambrian Furongian Series is made up of three third-order depositional sequences, Depositional Sequence 1 (DS1) in Changshan Formation and DS2and DS3in Fengshan Formation. Two beds of massive limestone of a shallow ramp facies developed in Changshan Formation and the first third-order sequence of Fengshan Formation. Both of them contains many dome-shaped carbonate structures that formed as a result of forced regression. These structures can be described as leiolitic bioherms, with a morphology like string of beads. In the current study, microorganisms such asEpiphyton,GirvanellaandRenalcisare reported from the leiolitic bioherms. This provides not only documentation for the model of cyanobacteria calcification, but also describes the genesis of leiolitic bioherms by microbial processes inside cyanobacteria dominated microbial mats. Moreover, the diverse emergence of the calcified microorganisms represents the fossil evidence of calcified microorganisms’ blooms in Cambrian Furongian and offers a reference for studying the complex microbial processes in such old carbonate depositions.
Spatial predictive modeling of prehistoric sites in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands based on graph similarity analysis
Authors: Mertel Adam , Ondrejka Peter , Šabatová Klára 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper presented a new method for identifying promising areas for archaeological research. The method is based on graph analysis that iteratively compares and manipulates Hamming distances between graphs of input geographical parameters and graphs of human activity data in various historical periods. The weights learned from the comparison was used to build a prediction model to estimate the potential presence of an archaeological site of a certain time period in a given cadaster. This was applied in the Bohemian Moravian Highlands region based on the most complete archaeological dataset of the area. Resulting maps were analyzed from the archaeological and historical point of view to test against the existing knowledge of prehistoric population movement in the region. Overall, the method proved to overcome problems such as fragmentary inputs and is a good candidate for application in smaller and geographically diverse research areas. The aim of this work was to contribute to the methodology of the prediction of historical human activity, to facilitate greater comprehension of past local settlement dynamics, and to possibly ease the protection of cultural heritage.
Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of indibulin analogs
Authors: Saeedian Moghadam Ebrahim , Saravani Farhad , Ostad Seyednasser , Tavajohi Shohreh , Pirali Hamedani Morteza , Amini Mohsen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Indibulin is one of the most potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors with minimal peripheral neuropathy. The design and synthesis of new indibulin analogs were carried out in order to investigate their anti-cancer activity. The target compounds 4a–i were synthesized in multistep reactions starting with the related indole derivatives. Compound 4f shows the highest cytotoxic activity on HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines with the respective half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.1 μm and 7.3 μm. In the case of the T47-D cell line, compound 4c exerts the best cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 11.5 μm. In the cell cycle analysis on HT-29 cells, compound 4f at 5.1 μm showed an increase in the percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase. Altogether, nine target compounds were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis. Some of the compounds show good cytotoxic activity against cancerous cell lines.
Incidence of decay in creosote-treated Scots pine poles in Ireland
Authors: Cappellazzi Jed , Maguire Karl , Nelson Rob , Morrell Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Air-seasoning is a simple method for moisture management in utility poles prior to treatment, but it involves the risk of fungal invasion during drying. These fungi can be eliminated by heat treatment, but fungi surviving in the installed poles are a quality problem. In this context, the incidence of decay fungi was investigated in 963 creosote-treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) poles of varying ages in a utility system in Ireland. Thirty-seven percent of increment cores removed from the poles contained at least one viable basidiomycete. There was no relationship between pole age or distance above the groundline and fungal isolations. Phlebiopsis gigantea, a white rot fungus, was the most common isolate followed by Neolentinus lepideus and Sistotrema brinkmannii. The results highlight the importance of including a sterilizing process during treatment and maintaining quality controls when purchasing large numbers of poles.
CO2 Absorption of Powdered Ba2Fe2O5 with Different Particle Size
Authors: Liu Jun-Hao , Zhang Guo-Hua , Wang Zhi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParticle size dependence of CO2 absorption rate of powdered Ba2Fe2O5 with three kinds of particle size was studied by XRD, SEM, particle size distribution measurement and thermogravimetry. From the particle size distribution measurement, average particle sizes of the powdered Ba2Fe2O5 samples were estimated about 52.5 μm, 77.5 μm and 100.0 μm, respectively. Results show that the reaction of CO2 with Ba2Fe2O5 was controlled by the diffusion step in the product layer, and the kinetics process could be described by the RPP model (Real Physical Picture). Moreover, Ba2Fe2O5 exhibits a good recycling performance though the adsorption capacity is reduced slightly during the cycle processes, and the pathway of the CO2 adsorption–desorption on Ba2Fe2O5 has also been obtained, which suggested that Ba2Fe2O5 is a promising CO2 absorbent material.
FE Analysis of Dynamical Recrystallization during the Seamless Tube Extrusion of Semicontinuous Casting Magnesium Alloy and Experimental Verification
Authors: Lin Tao , Liu Yun-teng , Zhou Ji-xue , Yang Yuan-sheng , Yang Zhu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, empirical dynamic recrystallization (DRX) models for the semicontinuous AZ31 magnesium alloy were established based on the stress–strain curves and microstructure observations generated from hot compression tests. The DRX evolution during the seamless tube extrusion of the alloy was studied by numerical and experimental methods. The extruding temperature and the ram speed were two important parameters during the extrusion. With the increase of the two parameters, the volume fraction of DRX and the recrystallized grain size were observably increased. The predicted DRX fraction and grain size were in an excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Performance and Applications of Semifluidized Bioreactors – A Review
Authors: Narayanan C. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews the design features and performance characteristics of semifluidized bed bioreactors. Both biofilm reactors and immobilized enzyme bioreactors have been analysed. Also, both two phase (liquid – solid) and three phase (gas – liquid – solid) operations are considered. Apart from the hydrodynamic parameters (semifluidization velocity, bed expansion ratio, height of packed section formed, fractional fluid holdups in both fluidized and packed sections), all other operating/system parameters affecting reactor performance such as axial dispersion, intrinsic kinetics of bioconversion (mostly nonlinear), the effectiveness factor and Thiele – type modulus have also been surveyed. The specific advantages and attractive features of these bioreactors have been highlighted based on data from successful case studies such as bioplastic synthesis, biodiesel manufacture, Xanthan gum production and aerobic waste water treatment with and without LPO (Liquid Phase Oxygen) utilization.