bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme levels of Canadian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere over central Europe on 21–22 August 2017
Authors: Ansmann Albert , Baars Holger , Chudnovsky Alexandra , Mattis Ina , Veselovskii Igor , Haarig Moritz , Seifert Patric , Engelmann Ronny , Wandinger Ulla 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Light extinction coefficients of 500 Mm−1, about 20 times higher than
after the Pinatubo volcanic eruptions in 1991, were observed by European
Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) lidars in the stratosphere over
central Europe on 21–22 August 2017. Pronounced smoke layers with a 1–2 km
vertical extent were found 2–5 km above the local tropopause. Optically
dense layers of Canadian wildfire smoke reached central Europe 10 days after
their injection into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere which was
caused by rather strong pyrocumulonimbus activity over western Canada. The
smoke-related aerosol optical thickness (AOT) identified by lidar was close
to 1.0 at 532 nm over Leipzig during the noon hours on 22 August 2017.
Smoke particles were found throughout the free troposphere (AOT
of 0.3) and in the pronounced 2 km thick stratospheric smoke layer at an
altitude of 14–16 km (AOT of 0.6). The lidar
observations indicated peak mass concentrations of
70–100 µg m−3 in the stratosphere. In addition to the lidar
profiles, we analyzed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
fire radiative power (FRP) over Canada, and the distribution of MODIS AOT and
Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aerosol index across the North Atlantic.
These instruments showed a similar pattern and a clear link between the
western Canadian fires and the aerosol load over Europe. In this paper, we
also present Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer observations,
compare photometer and lidar-derived AOT, and discuss an obvious bias (the
smoke AOT is too low) in the photometer observations. Finally, we compare the
strength of this record-breaking smoke event (in terms of the particle
extinction coefficient and AOT) with major and moderate volcanic events
observed over the northern midlatitudes.
Depolarization and lidar ratios at 355, 532, and 1064 nm and microphysical properties of aged tropospheric and stratospheric Canadian wildfire smoke
Authors: Haarig Moritz , Ansmann Albert , Baars Holger , Jimenez Cristofer , Veselovskii Igor , Engelmann Ronny , Althausen Dietrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We present spectrally resolved optical and microphysical properties of
western Canadian wildfire smoke observed in a tropospheric layer from
5–6.5 km height and in a stratospheric layer from 15–16 km height during
a record-breaking smoke event on 22 August 2017. Three polarization/Raman
lidars were run at the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET)
station of Leipzig, Germany, after sunset on 22 August. For the first time,
the linear depolarization ratio and extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar
ratio) of aged smoke particles were measured at all three important lidar
wavelengths of 355, 532, and 1064 nm. Very different particle depolarization
ratios were found in the troposphere and in the stratosphere. The obviously
compact and spherical tropospheric smoke particles caused almost no
depolarization of backscattered laser radiation at all three wavelengths
(<3 %), whereas the dry irregularly shaped soot particles in the
stratosphere lead to high depolarization ratios of 22 % at 355 nm and
18 % at 532 nm and a comparably low value of 4 % at 1064 nm. The lidar
ratios were 40–45 sr (355 nm), 65–80 sr (532 nm), and 80–95 sr
(1064 nm) in both the tropospheric and stratospheric smoke layers
indicating similar scattering and absorption properties. The strong
wavelength dependence of the stratospheric depolarization ratio was probably
caused by the absence of a particle coarse mode (particle mode consisting of
particles with radius >500 nm). The stratospheric smoke particles
formed a pronounced accumulation mode (in terms of particle volume or mass)
centered at a particle radius of 350–400 nm. The effective particle radius
was 0.32 µm. The tropospheric smoke particles were much smaller
(effective radius of 0.17 µm). Mass concentrations were of the
order of 5.5 µg m−3 (tropospheric layer) and
40 µg m−3 (stratospheric layer) in the night of
22 August 2017. The single scattering albedo of the stratospheric particles
was estimated to be 0.74, 0.8, and 0.83 at 355, 532, and 1064 nm,
respectively.
Climate impact on the development of Pre-Classic Maya civilisation
Authors: Nooren Kees , Hoek Wim Z. , Dermody Brian J. , Galop Didier , Metcalfe Sarah , Islebe Gerald , Middelkoop Hans 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The impact of climate change on the development and
disintegration of Maya civilisation has long been debated. The lack of
agreement among existing palaeoclimatic records from the region has prevented
a detailed understanding of regional-scale climatic variability, its climatic
forcing mechanisms and its impact on the ancient Maya. We present two new
palaeo-precipitation records for the central Maya lowlands, spanning the
Pre-Classic period (1800 BCE–250 CE), a key epoch in the development of
Maya civilisation. A beach ridge elevation record from world's largest late
Holocene beach ridge plain provides a regional picture, while Lake Tuspan's
diatom record is indicative of precipitation changes at a local scale. We
identify centennial-scale variability in palaeo-precipitation that
significantly correlates with the North Atlantic δ14C
atmospheric record, with a comparable periodicity of approximately 500 years,
indicating an important role of North Atlantic atmospheric–oceanic forcing
on precipitation in the central Maya lowlands. Our results show that the
Early Pre-Classic period was characterised by relatively dry conditions,
shifting to wetter conditions during the Middle Pre-Classic period, around
the well-known 850 BCE (2.8 ka) event. We propose that this wet period may
have been unfavourable for agricultural intensification in the central Maya
lowlands, explaining the relatively delayed development of Maya civilisation
in this area. A return to relatively drier conditions during the Late
Pre-Classic period coincides with rapid agricultural intensification in the
region and the establishment of major cities.
Setting Up a Point-of-Care Testing Service in a Greenfield, Quaternary Hospital: An Implementation Review
Authors: Harris Jonathan , AbdelWareth Laila O. , Lari Sara , Callaghan Kate O. , Anderson Peter , Mirza Imran 
Published: August 2018

Context.—The health care industry is growing rapidly and is continually seeking more-innovative ways to deliver patient care. The growing demands of clinicians seeking faster and more-efficient ways of providing care to their patients presents challenges to clinical laboratory services. Point-of-care testing (POCT) is frequently seen as a viable solution to address this dilemma. The role of POCT is widely established and accepted in many circumstances provided certain criteria are met.Objectives.—To discuss the Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi experience—the challenges faced and the solutions found—during the process of establishing a POCT service in a greenfield hospital, and to share this experience to support health care professionals wishing to establish or expand POCT services.Data Source.—First-hand expert opinion relating to setting up a POCT service, which was guided and informed by national and international standards and regulatory bodies, provide the basis for this review.Conclusions.—Point-of-care testing is a fast growing and unique discipline of pathology. The establishment of a new POCT service creates distinctive and unique challenges compared with traditional laboratory services. The difficulties experienced are compounded in a greenfield hospital but the process of multidisciplinary collaboration and information exchange among peer groups allows the efficient development of a highly effective POCT department.
L’humour pervers nécrophile : une forme extrême de l’humour pervers du marquis de Sade
Authors: Mazières Frédéric 
Published: August 2018

Cet article a pour objectif d’explorer, dans le cadre de la critique freudienne, les concepts transdisciplinaires et novateurs d’humour et de comique pervers nécrophiles. Afin de perturber les repères moraux, esthétiques et sexuels des lecteurs, les oeuvres romanesques les plus « baroques » du marquis de Sade proposent parfois, au gré des scenarii pervers, des traitements humoristiques et/ou comiques de pratiques ou de fantasmes nécrophiles.
“Milk is Milk”: Marketing Milk in Ontario and the Origins of Supply Management
Authors: Nurse-Gupta Jodey 
Published: August 2018

Neoliberal policies dominate the discourse on international agricultural trade. Canada’s system of supply management in dairy, eggs, and poultry, however, remains intact despite being a polarizing topic both nationally and abroad. To better understand the ideological rift that exists between those who support and oppose the system, this article examines the creation of the Ontario Milk Marketing Board (OMMB) in 1965, which introduced fairer producer pricing and production discipline through the establishment of milk pools. Before the OMMB was created, chronic oversupplies of milk resulted in devastatingly low milk prices paid to farmers, which caused significant distress in the dairy community. This article examines the divisions between industry stakeholders during the implementation of the milk marketing board in order to better understand why some saw the board’s plans as rational and fair, while others believed OMMB policies infringed on their freedom and retarded the rationalization of the Ontario dairy industry.
Compact Size Triple Notched-bands UWB Antenna with Sharp Band-Rejection Characteristics at WiMAX and WLAN Bands
Authors: Habash M. F. , Tantawy A. S. , Atallah H. A. , Abdel-Rahman A. B. 
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a compact triple band-notched Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna with sharp band-elimination features and controlled notched bandwidths is proposed and discussed. The design is made up of a rectangular-shaped patch UWB planar monopole antenna with double collections of band-notched configurations. The band-notched configurations are involved to produce the desired lower and upper stop bands with good frequency selectivity and suitable stop bandwidths. The first notch is realized by using a C-shaped slot etched in the radiating patch in order to eliminate the interference at the WiMAX (3.4 - 3.8 GHz) applications. The second and the third notches are realized together by using a pair of U-shaped resonators that are located beside the feed line in both sides to eliminate the interference with the lower WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz) and the higher WLAN (5.725–5.825GHz) bands. Additionally, the bandwidths of the lower and upper stop bands can be control separately by changing the parameters of the band-notched configurations. Furthermore, the suggested triple notched bands UWB antenna is optimized, fabricated, and measured for verification purposes. The measured results are close to the simulated ones.
Unlicensed Corrections Violate the Gricean Maxims of Communication: Evidence for a Cognitive Mechanism Underlying Misinformation Backfire Effects
Authors: Thomas Jacob G. , Autry Kevin S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSuccessful correction of misinformation is complicated by the possibility of backfire effects where corrections may unintentionally increase false beliefs. Due to the conflicting evidence for the existence of backfire effects in the current literature, the present study investigated the influence of pragmatic licensing (i.e., contextual justification for communicating corrections) on the occurrence of backfire effects. Using text messages to manipulate the presence of misinformation and corrections about the meanings of novel words, we found evidence of a backfire effect occurring as a result of unlicensed negated corrections. Misinformation use was significantly greater when a correction was provided without licensing than when no information was provided at all. We suggest that the backfire effect observed in this study may be the result of a violation of the Gricean maxims of communication, and that this mechanism may help to explain the contradictory findings about the existence of backfire effects when correcting misinformation.
Phase Reconstruction‐Assisted Electron‐Li+ Reservoirs Enable High‐Performance Li‐S Battery Operation Across Wide Temperature Range
Authors: He Yongqian , Xiong Duanfeng , Luo Yixin , Zhang Wanqi , Liu Sisi , Ye Yongjie , Wang Mengqing , Chen Ying , Liu Hong , Wang Jian , Lin Hongzhen , Su Jincang , Wang Xianyou , Shu Hongbo , Chen Manfang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are known as high energy density, but their performance deteriorates sharply under high/low‐temperature surroundings, due to the sluggish kinetics of sulfur redox conversion and Li+ transport. Herein, a catalytic strategy of phase reconstruction with abundant “electron‐Li+” reservoirs has been proposed to simultaneously regulate electron and Li+ exchange. As a demo, the 1T‐phase lithiation molybdenum disulfide grown on hollow carbon nitride (1T‐LixMoS2/HC3N4) is achieved via in situ electrochemical modulation, where the 1T‐LixMoS2 serves as an auxiliary “Li+ source” for facilitating Li+ transport and the HC3N4 acts as an electron donor for electronic supplier. From the theoretical calculations, experimental and post‐modern analyses, the relationship between the catalytic behaviors and mechanism of “electron‐Li+” reservoirs in accelerating the rate‐determining kinetics of sulfur species are deeply understood. Consequently, the cells with 1T‐LixMoS2/HC3N4/PP functional separator demonstrate excellent long‐term electrochemical performance and stabilize the areal capacity of 6 mAh cm−2 under 5.0 mg cm−2. Even exposed to robust surroundings from high (60 °C) to low (0 °C) temperatures, the optimized cells exhibit high‐capacity retention of 76.2% and 90.4% after 100 cycles, respectively, pointing out the potential application of catalysts with phase reconstruction‐assisted “electron‐Li+” reservoirs in LSBs.
Fast Charging Sodium‐Ion Full Cell Operated From −50 °C to 90 °C
Authors: Zhao Shaoyuan , Li Guodong , Li Zhi , Zhang Kai , Chen Xinyao , Dong Xiaoli , Wang Yonggang , Cao Yongjie , Xia Yongyao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe application of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) within grid‐scale energy storage systems (ESSs) critically hinges upon fast charging technology. However, challenges arise particularly with anodes such as hard carbon (HC), which exhibits a low working plateau (less than 0.1 V vs Na/Na+) and is susceptible to sodium dendrite issues under high current densities. In this study, a cost‐effective SIB system comprising Na2.4Fe1.8(SO4)3 (NFS) cathode, NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) anode, and ester‐based electrolyte is assembled to solve the fast‐charging obstacle. Benefiting from the fast sodium‐ion diffusion kinetics and relatively high voltage platform of NTP anode, this full cell can work for 10 000 cycles at 10 C rate with a notable capacity retention of 70.7%. Moreover, this investigation reveals that the full cell can operate safely between ‐50 to 90 °C even with an ester‐based electrolyte, thereby showcasing broad application prospects. This work provides a valuable guidance for designing fast charging and wide temperature SIBs.
Selective Self‐Assembly of Atomically Dispersed Iron and Cobalt Dual Atom Catalyst on Anisotropic Mesoporous Carbon Particles for High Performance Seawater Batteries
Authors: Woo Dongyoon , Kim Jioh , Xu Liangliang , Park Jinkyu , Park Cheol‐Young , Yi Seung Yeop , Kim Seongbeen , Jun Hyunwoo , Kim Seongseop , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNa‐seawater batteries (SWBs) are environmentally friendly energy storage system that utilizes abundant seawater as an electrolyte alternative to conventional distilled water‐based and organic electrolytes. To achieve high energy efficiency in Na‐SWBs, it is necessary to enhance the activity of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. In this study, an atomically dispersed iron and cobalt dual‐atom nitrogen‐doped lens‐shaped mesoporous carbon (FeCo‐LMC) particles is synthesized as a SWB cathode material using the spinodal decomposition of the polymer blend and selective precursor positioning. The well‐aligned mesoporous structure and synergetic effect of the dual‐atom site realize FeCo‐LMC as a comparable bifunctional oxygen catalyst with the lowest overpotential difference (EOER−EORR) among the other catalysts with natural seawater electrolyte. When applied to the SWB system, the FeCo‐LMC shows a highly improved charge/discharge performance compared to Pt/C and a stable cycling performance for 200 h. Density functional theory calculations reveal the enhanced oxygen catalytic activity of FeCo‐LMC owing to electron delocalization and d‐band center adjustment of FeN4–CoN4 structure.
High Entropy Ceramics for Electromagnetic Functional Materials
Authors: Li Lu‐Yang , Zhang Min , Jiang Miao , Gao Li‐Hong , Ma Zhuang , Cao Mao‐Sheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrowave absorbing materials play an increasingly important role in modern electronic warfare technology for enhancing electromagnetic compatibility and suppressing electromagnetic interference. High‐entropy ceramics (HECs) possess extraordinary physical and chemical properties, and more importantly, the high tunability of multi‐component HECs has brought new opportunities to microwave absorbing materials. Rich crystallographic distortions and multi‐component occupancies enable HECs to have highly efficient microwave absorption properties, excellent mechanical properties, and thermal stability. Therefore, the structural advantages of HECs are integrated from comprehensive perspectives, emphasizing on the role of dielectric and magnetic properties in the absorption phenomenon. Strategies are proposed to improve the microwave absorption capacity of HECs, including composition optimization, microstructure engineering, and post‐treatment technology. Finally, the problems and obstacles associated with high‐entropy materials (HEMs) research are discussed. The innovative design concepts of high‐entropy microwave absorbing ceramics are highlighted.
A Cryo‐to‐Liquid Phase Correlative Light Electron Microscopy Workflow for the Visualization of Biological Processes in Graphene Liquid Cells
Authors: Rutten Luco , Joosten Ben , Schaart Judith , de Beer Marit , Roverts Rona , Gräber Steffen , Jahnen‐Dechent Willi , Akiva Anat , Macías‐Sánchez Elena , Sommerdijk Nico 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiquid phase electron microscopy (LP‐EM) has emerged as a powerful technique for in situ observation of material formation in liquid. Especially the use of graphene as window material provides new opportunities to image biological processes because of graphene's molecular thickness and electron scavenger capabilities. However, in most cases the process of interest is initiated when the graphene liquid cells (GLCs) are sealed, meaning that the process cannot be imaged at early timepoints. Here, a novel cryogenic/liquid phase correlative light/electron microscopy workflow that addresses the delay time between graphene encapsulation and the start of the imaging, while combining the advantages of fluorescence and electron microscopy is reported. This workflow allows imaging to be initiated at a predetermined space and time by vitrifying and thawing at a selected time point. The workflow is demonstrated first by observing multiple day crystallization processes and subsequently highlight its potential by observing a biological process: the complexation of calciprotein particles. The ability to correlate the dynamic complexation observed in a GLC with cryogenic TEM and dynamic light scattering, confirms the validity of observations and underlines the exciting possibilities for LP‐EM in biology.
Ultra‐Sensitive, Self‐powered, CMOS‐Compatible Near‐Infrared Photodetectors for Wide‐Ranging Applications
Authors: Silva Nuno E. , Jayakrishnan Ampattu R. , Kaim Adrian , Gwozdz Katarzyna , Domingues Leonardo , Kim J. S. , Istrate Marian C. , Ghica Corneliu , Pereira Mario , Marques Luís , Gomes M. J. M. , Hoye Robert L. Z. , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Silva José P. B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelf‐powered near‐infrared (NIR) photodetectors are essential for surveillance systems, sensing in IoT electronics, facial recognition, health monitoring, optical communication networks, night vision, and biomedical imaging. However, silicon commercial detectors need external power to operate and cooling to suppress large dark currents. This work demonstrates a new class of CMOS‐compatible self‐powered NIR photodetector based on ferroelectric 5‐nm thick ZrO2 films which do not require cooling and therefore have two key advantages over Si, and at the same time have comparable performance metrics. At room‐temperature, under 940 nm wavelength illumination (1.4 mW cm−2 power density, 10 Hz repetition rate), and without any power applied, fast rise and fall times of ≈2 and 4 µs, respectively, are achieved in Al/Si/SiOx/ZrO2/ITO devices, along with responsivity, detectivity and sensitivity values of up to ≈3.4 A W−1, 1.2 × 1010 Jones and 4.2 × 103, respectively, far exceeding all other emerging self‐powered systems. Furthermore, dual‐band NIR detection is shown for different NIR wavelengths, proof‐of‐concept feasibility being demonstrated for the smart identification of NIR targets. Therefore, it is demonstrated, for the first time, that coupling together the pyroelectric effect, the photovoltaic effect, and the ferroelectric effect is a novel method to significantly enhance the performance of CMOS‐compatible ZrO2‐based self‐powered photodetectors in the NIR region.
Hierarchically Structured Ceramic Coatings Based on Zirconia and Magnesium Oxide with High Toughness
Authors: Qian Weifeng , Ning Bingkun , Wang Shuang , Xie Tianxiang , Chen Yongnan , Zhao Qinyang , Wang Nan , Wang Shaopeng , Zhan Haifei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA major challenge in the application of ceramic materials is a trade‐off between strength and toughness. In this work, hierarchically structured ceramic coatings (HSCCs) are fabricated to address this challenge. HSCCs feature a dual‐layer micron‐scale structure built on a “brick‐mortar” nanoscale structure, which is achieved by changing the crystalline and amorphous phase ratio during plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). It is found that HSCCs with homogeneous interfaces exhibit high thermal stability up to 700 °C and a 65% improvement in shear strain resistance compared to conventional crystalline coatings (CCCs). This improvement is attributed to the stabilizing effect of atoms on the boundaries of the enhancement phase and the facilitating effect on the deformation of the compliant phase. The hierarchical structure effectively leverages the plasticity of the compliant phase and the strength of the enhancement phase facilitated by the homogeneous interface. This work proposes a feasible approach for improving the toughness of ceramic functional composites and mitigating their susceptibility to brittle fracture.