bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achievement of overburden stripping production targets based on the calculation of cut-and-fill volume and truck count at Pit Middle West PT Cipta Bersama Sukses job site Tungkal Jaya
Authors: Saputra M R , Alpiana  , Herdiansyah A , Wijaya A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
PT Cipta Bersama Sukses (PT CBS) calculates the volume of excavated materials using the mine progress survey method or truck count method. The common obstacle in the calculation is the discrepant results between survey production volume and truck count production volume. In November 2023, PT CBS set the production target of 291,790 BCM in overburden stripping production. It prompted this study to identify the causes of the discrepancy between the cut-and-fill calculation volume and the truck count volume, as well as the causes of the difference in target volume and actual production volume. We expect to provide references to the company in improving the performance quality the following month. This quantitative study gathered data from survey activities in the field and analyzed the data using Surpac 6.5.1 software. The total volume of overburden removal results in November 2023 using the cut-and-fill method was 331,446.883 BCM, and the truck count volume was 313,237.500 BCM, indicating a 5.494% difference with a standard deviation of 6.37%. It prompted the evaluation of data collection and calculation review. This research has achieved the overburden production target of 114% cut and fill volume and 107% truck count volume.
Magneto-structural properties of Mg-substituted copper ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Mazurenko J , A K Sijo , Kaykan L , Michalik J M , Gondek Ł , Szostak E , A Żywczak , Moklyak V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores the synthesis and characterization of magnesium-substituted copper ferrite (MgxCu1-xFe2O4, 0.0≤x≤1.0) nanoparticles using the polymer-assisted sol–gel self-combustion method. The effects of magnesium substitution on the structural, elastic, and magnetic properties of the ferrites were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structures with particle sizes ranging from 8–21 nm. A slight increases in the lattice parameter was observed with higher magnesium content, attributed to the substitution of smaller Cu2+ ions with slightly larger Mg2+ ions. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed the spinel structure and complex magnetic interactions between ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic phases. The spin canting was observed and found to vary significantly across compositions, with a maximum canting angle of 58.47°. This notable result highlights the important magnetic behavior of these materials. The saturation magnetization (MS) varied across samples, with the x = 0.6 composition exhibiting optimal magnetic performance. Cation distribution analysis using XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements consistently showed the redistribution of cations between the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites in the spinel structure. This research demonstrates the potential of magnesium-substituted copper ferrites for magnetic applications, with notable improvements in magnetic and structural properties due to cation substitution.
Stability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer
Authors: Flores Ian C , Casallas-Moreno Yenny L , Sacramento Ángel , Ramírez-Como Magali , Camacho-Reynoso Marlene , Cabrera Víctor , Kudriavtsev Yuriy , Rivera-Rodríguez Carlos , Reséndiz Luis M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have improved power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, their stability remains challenging. This study evaluates the chemical stability and performance of non-fullerene acceptor-based OSCs (NFA-OSCs) using a blend of Poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’-c:4’,5’-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PM6) and 2,2’-((2Z,2’Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2’,3’‘:4’,5’]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y7). Inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) were examined using indium tin oxide (ITO) as the cathode, N,N’-Bis(N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine oxide)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDINO) as the electron transport layer (ETL), PM6:Y7 as the active layer, molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) as the hole transport layer (HTL), and silver (Ag) as the anode. Over 270 days, without voltage application, NFA-iOSCs were exposed to ambient conditions, room temperature (RT) of 19.4 ± 0.4 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 50 ± 5%, and monitored using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the active layer maintained stability with minimal degradation with or without protective layers (Ag and MoO3). The TOF-SIMS and XPS analyses confirmed that oxygen did not diffuse into the layers where it was initially absent, thereby ensuring chemical stability. Raman spectroscopy results supported these findings, showing stable vibrational modes over time. This study highlights the degradation mechanisms of NFA-OSCs and the importance of protective layers in extending the device lifetime, contributing to the durability and commercial viability of OSCs, and advancing sustainable solar energy technologies.
Designing for efficiency: an exploration of optimized joint configurations in tyne cultivator design
Authors: S Elavarasan , G Manimaran 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In farming, soil ploughing for seedbed preparation is carried out using a 9-tyne cultivator. Friction commonly occurs at various joints, particularly when the tyne connects to the cultivator frame, which notably affects both performance and failure rates of the bolted joints. Previously, a bolt nut was used at this joint (joint 1), which caused rotation issues during ploughing. The tyne is now attached to the main frame via welded side plates, with springs providing preload on the joint. As the cultivator moves forward, the tyne exerts a draft force through the chisel plough onto the field. Continuous loading may lead to slight bending of the tyne, which can affect ploughing efficiency. To address the issue, an additional plate was welded onto joint 2, which initially reduced failures. However, problems persisted, particularly in joint 2, where significant frictional losses were still occurring. To further mitigate this, a bush pin was introduced in joint 3, enabling rotation within the bush and thereby reducing frictional losses and tyne bending. A comparison of joints 1, 2, and 3 was conducted, focusing on design parameters and the tractor draft force of the Swaraj 744FE model. The bush pin joint emerged as the most effective solution. Additionally, further optimizations through bush and pin size adjustments yielded promising results. The study highlights the reduction in friction losses, tyne bending, and FEM validation of stress analysis. Experimental and numerical displacement results under varying loads are compared for three types of joints. Joint 3 consistently shows superior performance, with experimental displacements of 0.55 mm at 0N, increasing to 1.25 mm at 10,000N, which aligns closely with numerical predictions. SEM analysis further reveals that Joint 3 has a smoother and more uniform surface, enhanced crack resistance, and structural integrity under stress compared to Joints 1 and 2. These findings validate the suitability of bush pin type joints for high stress and wear resistant applications, supported by their improved mechanical durability and numerical accuracy.
Coherent and non-unitary errors in ZZ-generated gates
Authors: Müller Thorge , Stollenwerk Tobias , Headley David , Epping Michael , Wilhelm Frank K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Variational algorithms such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm have attracted attention due to their potential for solving problems using near-term quantum computers. The ZZ interaction typically generates the primitive two-qubit gate in such algorithms applied for a time, typically a variational parameter, γ. Different compilation techniques exist with respect to the implementation of two-qubit gates. Due to the importance of the ZZ-gate, we present an error analysis comparing the continuous-angle controlled phase gate (CP) against the fixed angle controlled Z-gate (CZ). We analyze both techniques under the influence of coherent over-rotation and depolarizing noise. We show that CP and CZ compilation techniques achieve comparable ZZ-gate fidelities if the incoherent error is below 0.03% and the coherent error is below 0.8%. Thus, we argue that for small coherent and incoherent error a non-parameterized two-qubit gate such as CZ in combination with virtual Z decomposition for single-qubit gates could lead to a significant reduction in the calibration required and, therefore, a less error-prone quantum device. We show that above a coherent error of 0.04π (2%), the CZ gate fidelity depends significantly on γ.
Exploring the relationship between upper ocean states and the falling Ice radiative effects using ECCO product and global climate models
Authors: Li Jui-Lin F , Wang Li-Chiao , Tsai Yu-Cian , Huang Yu-Sung , Lee Wei-Liang , Jiang Jonathan H , Wang Ou , Yu Jia-Yuh , Stephens Graeme , Liu Tzu-Yun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study seeks to explore the relationship between upper ocean current (UOC) anomalies (above 200 meters) and surface wind stress (TAU), focusing on the influence of falling ice (snow) radiative effects (FIREs) over the tropical and subtropical Pacific regions. To achieve this, we conducted sensitivity experiments with the CESM1-CAM5 model, using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) historical run setting, with FIREs turned off (NOS) and on (SON). The monthly ocean current and temperature of the ocean reanalysis from the NASA Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project, which assimilates satellite and in situ measurements, serves as a reference for this study. The spatial patterns of the horizontal UOC anomaly (UOCA) differences between the NOS and SON experiments show a strong correlation with the TAU patterns across the studied domain. When compared to the experiments with NOS, the experiments with SON demonstrate an improvement in the annual mean UOC. The improvement in UOC can be attributed to the enhancements in TAU, specifically in the trade-wind regions. The enhancements in TAU play a significant role in influencing the UOCA patterns and contribute to the overall improvement observed in the experiments with SON. In SON, the average absolute bias of simulated UOCA over the study area is reduced by up to 30% compared to NOS against ECCO. Although biases in UOC are present over the southern and northern flanks of the equator in SON, the improvements in annual mean ocean currents are closely related to enhancements in TAU driven by the inclusion of FIREs. Notably, stronger ocean current magnitudes correspond to more significant changes in TAU due to Coriolis forces. When evaluating the ensemble mean absolute biases of UOC from the CMIP5 models, similarities to NOS, however, are limited over the South Pacific region.
Community-mobilized soil and water conservation and farmers' preferences for mitigating land degradation
Authors: Addis Hailu Kendie , Tamir Simegnew , Belay Beyene , Mekuriaw Shigdaf , Birehanu Tadesse , Wuletaw Yismaw 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Various soil and water conservation (SWC) practices have been constructed through campaign-based integrated watershed management in Ethiopia since 2011. However, not all SWC measures were implemented across the country and preferred by the farmers equally. Hence, this research aimed to evaluate the trends of community-mobilized SWC practice and farmers’ SWC preference to combat land degradation in Amhara region, Ethiopia. The study utilized primary and secondary data from 92 selected watersheds across 13 zones, 45 woredas, and 1,739 households. Extensive household interviews that include elders, women, and youth, as well as focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result showed that 128,726.28 hectares of gully rehabilitation had been carried out, 4,436,096.3033 hectares of cultivated fields have received SWC measures, and SWC measures were done on 817,104.7 hectares of communal land. Despite these commendable initiatives, it was found that 46% of the community-mobilized SWC structures built on cultivated land have been partially or entirely removed, additionally, 66% of the constructed SWC structures lack support by biological measures. Furthermore, the survey revealed that 20% of the respondents’ land holdings were affected by gullies, and a 43% decrease trend in efforts to combat gully erosion since 2011. This study demonstrates the significance of implementing SWC measures for the sustainability of the watershed. It also underscores the vital role of regular maintenance in enhancing the effectiveness of the structures, along with the imperative need to reinforce the SWC structures using biological measures. Moreover, the research stresses the importance of rehabilitating communal lands through enclosure and improving cropland soil fertility by applying organic compost.
Preparation of organic N-fused perylenediimide-MXene hybrid material for robust versatile memristive device
Authors: Xu Zheng , Chen Shijie , Pan Yelong , Li Fangchao , Sun Hua , Lu Qifeng , Li Yixiang , Bai Yue , Xia Yang , Cheng Xinli , Shi Chunyan , Ma Chunlan , Zhang Cheng , Li Yang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanomaterials have shown great promise for electronic devices, attributed to their metal-resembling conductivity and abundant surface functional groups. However, the utilization of intrinsic property of MXene in memristors remains challenging due to its free electron conducting behavior rather than semiconducting property. Here, a N-fused perylenediimide organic semiconductor (CBIN) with conjugated skeleton and heteroatoms (O, S, N) is designed to successfully actuate the surface modification of MXene. The organic CBIN-decorated MXene demonstrates remarkable bipolar memristive properties, such as low threshold voltages of approximate ±1.4 V, exalted retention time exceeding 104 s, and outstanding environmental stability even after exposure to ultraviolet and x-ray irradiations. Furthermore, the CBIN-MXene hybrid memristive device can mimic synaptic plasticity and holds potential for information encoding as quick response codes and image recognition processing. This study provides efficient guidelines for implementing MXene-based memristors by organic semiconductor modulation and opens up possibilities of extending their functionalities into information encryption and neuromorphic computing applications.
A novel adaptive cost-sensitive convolution neural network based dynamic imbalanced fault diagnosis framework for manufacturing processes
Authors: Ma Liang , Shi Fuzhong , Peng Kaixiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to the influences of sensor faults, communication lines, and human factors, it is difficult to collect and label fault data in large quantities, resulting in the imbalance between normal and fault data, and between fault and fault data. Those kinds of data imbalances violate the assumption of relatively balanced distribution of most traditional fault diagnosis methods. Associated with those trends, some imbalanced fault diagnosis methods have been put forward. However, most of those methods only consider that the proportion of various samples remains unchanged, that is, the imbalance rate is stable. In the actual manufacturing processes, the industrial data flows are fast, continuous, and dynamically changing. The imbalance rates of all kinds of samples often change continuously, showing the dynamic imbalanced characteristic. To solve this problem, a novel adaptive cost-sensitive convolution neural network based dynamic imbalanced fault diagnosis framework is designed for manufacturing processes. More specifically, a new adaptive cost-sensitive convolutional neural network is firstly constructed by coordinating the cross entropy loss function with a specific cost sensitive index, of which the dynamic imbalance rates and the diagnosis performance indicators are comprehensively considered. Subsequently, a dynamic time factor is reasonably designed and introduced to make the diagnosis model pay more attention to identification of new fault data in the industrial data flow, aiming at improving the fault diagnosis performance. Finally, sufficient simulation experiments are conducted by a typical manufacturing process, the hot rolling process, to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework compared with some classical algorithms.
Analyzing the impact of injection timing variations on the performance of multi-cylinder CNG direct injection spark-ignition engine
Authors: Patel Rajeshkumar J , Patel Kirankumar A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study investigates the impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) injection timing on the performance of a retrofitted CNG Direct Injection (CNG-DI) engine. The aim is to understand how varying injection timing affects key performance metrics such as torque, power, thermal efficiency, and fuel consumption in CNG-DI engines, providing insights for system optimization. Methods. A 1298 c.c., four-cylinder, four-stroke spark ignition engine with a compression ratio of 9 was retrofitted for CNG-DI operation. Modifications included a redesigned cylinder head for high-pressure injectors, controlled by a programmable gas ECU. The engine was tested with three injection timings: Early Injection (EI) at 230° BTDC, Optimal Injection (OI) at 180° BTDC, and Late Injection (LI) at 130° BTDC. Performance, Emission and Combustion parameters were evaluated across engine speeds from 1000 to 3100 rpm. Results. Late Injection (LI) timing improved torque, power, BMEP, thermal efficiency, and volumetric efficiency by 4–16% within the 1000–2200 rpm range, attributed to better combustion dynamics. Optimal Injection (OI) timing achieved 4–12% higher performance in the 2500–2800 rpm range due to improved mixture formation. Early Injection (EI) timing resulted in 3–8% improvements at speeds above 2800 rpm, driven by faster combustion and increased peak power. Conclusion. This study highlights the crucial role of injection timing in optimizing CNG-DI engine performance: Late Injection improves fuel efficiency at lower speeds, Optimal Injection enhances thermal efficiency at mid-range RPMs, and Early Injection maximizes power at higher RPMs. However, the study is limited by its focus on a single engine configuration and does not consider emissions or Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Future research should investigate the environmental impact of injection timing through LCA and assess the long-term durability of engine performance.
Exploring the role of body mass in temperature-driven changes in metabolic rates of Arctic copepods
Authors: Karlsson Konrad , Søreide Janne E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As Arctic sea temperatures rise and sea ice declines, boreal species are becoming more abundant in these waters. Generally, both inter- and intra-species variations show larger body sizes at higher latitudes and in colder climates. Continued Arctic amplification may lead to shifts in the size and composition of marine plankton, with cascading effects throughout the ecosystem. This study examines the metabolic rates of three common zooplankton species, Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and Metridia longa, across different temperatures (0°C, 3°C, and 6°C) to understand these dynamics. Results showed a distinct decrease in aerobic scope with rising temperatures for all three copepod species, indicating potential fitness reductions in warmer waters. Larger copepods exhibited higher aerobic scopes than smaller ones at all temperatures; however, this advantage diminished at 6°C, suggesting that smaller body sizes may confer metabolic benefits at higher temperatures. Conversely, larger sizes are favored in colder waters. These findings help explain the increase of smaller boreal species in warming Arctic seas and why colder Arctic conditions favor larger individuals.
A review on the research of noise generation mechanism and control technology in high-speed trains
Authors: Zhang Linli , Cheng Gong , Feng Qingsong , Sheng Xiaozhen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Now it is widely accepted that lightweight design is one of the necessary conditions for high-speed trains. However, a lighter vehicle body and higher operating speed will produce higher noise, making it become one of the important problems restricting the development of high-speed railway. This becomes more and more obvious as train speed increases. The noise of high-speed trains mainly come from wheel-rail noise and aerodynamic noise, with sound radiation over an ultra-wide frequency range and transmission either to the vehicle body or to the surrounding environment, which seriously affects the riding comfortableness of passengers and the life quality of surrounding residents. How to reduce the noise of high-speed trains is one of the urgent problems to be solved at this stage. This paper will introduce the research progress of the generation mechanism and corresponding control technology of different noise sources in high-speed trains; discuss the outstanding problems and potential methods in noise control. Finally, we also propose possible comprehensive strategies for noise optimization, with a view to providing some useful references for related researchers and engineers.