bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment of PV‐battery systems for a cloakroom and club building in Zurich
Authors: Stolz Philippe , Frischknecht Rolf , Kessler Thomas , Züger Yvonne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Office for Building Engineering of the City of Zurich plans the construction of a cloakroom and club building. The building and the floodlights of the surrounding soccer fields use electricity mainly in the evening. That is why the installation of a photovoltaic (PV) system in combination with a battery storage system is evaluated in the pre‐project phase. The environmental footprint of the PV system with multi‐crystalline silicon modules and of current, future, and second‐life lithium‐ion batteries is quantified within the life cycle assessment of the building. The self‐consumption share of PV electricity increases from 31% to 62% if a 60 kWp PV system is complemented by a 100 kWh battery storage. The complementary grid electricity mix strongly influences the environmental impacts of electricity consumed by the cloakroom and club building. The installation of a PV system and a battery storage leads to a 10% to 17% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared with the full coverage of the electricity demand by the average Swiss supply mix. The addition of a current battery system does not yield any further reduction compared with the “PV only” option. With the renewable electricity mix of the City of Zurich, the installation of a PV system and a battery storage leads to higher environmental impacts of the electricity consumed by the cloakroom and club building, irrespective of the type of battery used. A future increase in energy density, production optimisations, and second‐life batteries bear a significant potential to reduce the environmental impacts of battery storage systems.
Damage and Dilatometry for Solid Propellants with Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Miller Timothy C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe mechanical failure properties of composite solid propellants are determined largely by the strength of the particle matrix interfaces. Under applied loading, separation of the particulate matter from the surrounding matrix takes place, a phenomenon called dewetting. Vacuole formation and growth result in volume changes in the bulk material, so that, during tensile testing, in situ measurement of volume change correlates with this type of microstructural damage. Dewetting and dilatation have long been an important consideration, but characterization has been difficult. Fluid based dilatometry has been the dominant measurement technique but has some inadequacies. In this work, an alternative approach is shown that needs no contact with the specimen, that requires no gas or liquid, and that can accommodate various specimen geometries. Damage was induced in two common solid propellant types using either formulation considerations or strain induced damage. The volume changes during tensile testing were measured using this optical dilatometry method and show the ability of the approach to detect damage in solid propellants. Various parameters derived from the dilatation curves are compared. Verification of the approach with results from a conventional dilatometer are also included.
Potential distribution of an invasive pest, Euplatypus parallelus, in China as predicted by Maxent
Authors: Tang Jihong , Li Jinhua , Lu Hui , Lu Fuping , Lu Baoqian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDEuplatypus parallelus is a highly polyphagous invasive pest native to Central and South America. In recent years it has invaded many countries in Africa and Asia and resulted in considerable economic loss. In China it has been reported to have invaded Taiwan, and been also recorded in Hainan Province. Until now there has been no invasion into the mainland. In order to better manage this invasive pest, here we predicted the suitable area of E. parallelus in China by the Maxent model.RESULTSThe Maxent model predicted the potential distribution of E. parallelus with a test AUC value of 0.962 and a training AUC value of 0.978. Temperature seasonality (Bio_04), annual temperature range (Bio_07), annual precipitation (Bio_12) and mean temperature of the coldest quarter (Bio_11) were the strongest predictors of E. parallelus distribution with 32.1%, 19.8%, 15% and 10.4% contributions, respectively. The potential suitable area for E. parallelus was mainly distributed in the southeastern coast, the southwestern border, and Taiwan and Hainan provinces in China, and the highly suitable areas were located in the northern coast of Hainan Province and the southwestern coast of Taiwan Province. This pest prefers a stable, warm and rainy climate, which indicates that tropics and subtropics would be its ideal area.CONCLUSIONEuplatypus parallelus has invaded Hainan and Taiwan in China. Measures should be taken to prevent it from spreading on these two islands. Moreover, strict quarantine, biological study and control measures are necessary to block its spread, invasion and damage, especially in these climate‐suitable areas. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of riparian vegetation in the evaluation of ecosystem health: The case of semiarid conditions in Northern Mexico
Authors: Castro‐López Daniel , Guerra‐Cobián Víctor , Prat Narcís 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Pesquería River (north‐eastern Mexico) has long been subjected to considerable anthropogenic pressures. For this reason, it has been identified by the Mexican National Commission for the Knowledge and Usage of Biodiversity as a priority resource to be evaluated and restored. In order to establish the means required for the restoration of the river, the condition of its riparian ecosystem must be evaluated. To evaluate the quality of the riparian forest, we adapted the Qualitat del Bosc de Ribera index methodology for Mediterranean rivers for the semiarid rivers of north‐eastern Mexico (QBR‐RNMX). The QBR‐RNMX index included modifications to the four sections that comprise the original index, and their values range between 0 and 100. Using the five levels of riparian quality defined in the index, in the area surrounding the Pesquería River, we found poor or very poor conditions at 66% of the sampling sites, average‐good conditions at 27% of the sites, and only one sampling site with excellent conditions. These results show that the riparian forest has been impacted significantly by urbanization, agriculture, and the presence of many invasive species. We recommend the application of the QBR‐RNMX annually in order to evaluate the riparian forest's quality and to assess its ecological status. This may be used for the establishment of restoration plans in high‐impact zones and contingency plans to eliminate invasive species along the Pesquería River.
Rapid mixing of hypergraph independent sets
Authors: Hermon Jonathan , Sly Allan , Zhang Yumeng 
Published: November 2018

We prove that the mixing time of the Glauber dynamics for sampling independent sets on n‐vertex k‐uniform hypergraphs is when the maximum degree Δ satisfies Δ ≤ c2k/2, improving on the previous bound Bordewich and co‐workers of Δ ≤ k − 2. This result brings the algorithmic bound to within a constant factor of the hardness bound of Bezakova and co‐workers which showed that it is NP‐hard to approximately count independent sets on hypergraphs when Δ ≥ 5·2k/2.
Bulk synthesis of linear carbon chains confined inside single‐wall carbon nanotubes by vacuum discharge
Authors: Toma Satoshi , Asaka Koji , Irita Masaru , Saito Yahachi 
Published: November 2018

Carbyne, an infinite carbon chain, has attracted much interest and induced significant controversy for many decades. Recently, the presence of linear carbon chains (LCCs), which were confined stably inside double‐wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), has been reported. In this study, we present a novel method to produce LCCs in a film of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Our transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of a bulk amount of LCCs after electric discharge of CNT films, which were used as field emission cathodes. The LCCs were confined inside single‐wall CNTs as well as DWCNTs. Furthermore, two or three LCCs in parallel with each other are encapsulated when the inner diameter of CNT is larger than approximately 1.1 nm.
Nano SnO2 in Flexible Carbon Spaces Protected by Rigid TiO2 for Efficient Reversible Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhou Yulin , Lei Jianfei , Jin Xiujuan , Ni Jing , Zhang Shaofeng , Du Kai , Wang Zhaowu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report a spatially‐confined strategy to improve the cycling stability of tin‐based anode materials, in which carbon acted as passenger particle is implanted in suit into the secondary structure of porous tin dioxide (SnO2), forming a spatial fault structure together with the SnO2 particles. Herein, the carbon (C) surrounding is endowed with the dual roles, which can not only prevent SnO2 and tin (Sn) nanoparticles aggregating for a better cycling stability, but also can improve the electron transport at the particle interface for high rate performance of the battery. Also, rigid titanium dioxide (TiO2) cavities are constructed for positive mechanical protections and releasing the mechanical stress to further improve the stability of the battery. Electrochemical tests reveal that such spatially‐confined architectures can enhance the cycling stability and improve the rate properties of tin‐based anode batteries remarkably. The discharge specific capacity of the spatial confined samples can be maintained 520 mAh g‐1 after 100 cycles at 0.2C and 320 mAh g‐1 at a high current rate of 1C.
Antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria in Irrawaddy squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus)
Authors: Jalal Mohammad Shah , Islam Md Zohorul , Dutta Avijit , Dhar Pangkaj Kumar , Das Avijit , Hasan Mohammad Mahbub , Barua Himel , Biswas Paritosh Kumar , Ahad Abdul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIrrawaddy squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus) may play an important role in the transmission of zoonotic bacteria, but little is known about the carriage of zoonotic bacteria in this common frugivorous rodent in Bangladesh. We aimed to investigate the presence of common zoonotic bacterial pathogens in Irrawaddy squirrel in the southeast part of Bangladesh. A total of 27 rectal and 27 oro‐nasal swabs were collected from 27 healthy wild Irrawaddy squirrels. Four common zoonotic bacteria were isolated following routine laboratory procedures, and were identified based on colony morphology, and biochemical and staining properties. The pathogenic potential of the identified bacteria was confirmed by detection of virulence genes by PCR. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against seven antibiotics from six generic groups which are commonly used in human and veterinary medicine in Bangladesh. The prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. was 44.4% (95% CI, 32.0–57.6), 13% (95% CI, 6.1–24.7), 44.4% (95% CI, 32.0–57.6), and 72.2% (95% CI, 59.0–82.5), respectively. We identified potential zoonotic virulence genes in all of these four bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed the presence of several multidrug resistant bacterial strains in squirrels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Bangladesh of the detection of antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria in Irrawaddy squirrels. The findings underpin the role of Irrawaddy squirrel as a source of pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria, consequently, fruit rejected because of squirrel consumption and squirrel‐bites deserve more concern than previously.
“Dangerous to Themselves and Others, and of Public Scandal”: The Internment Procedure
Authors: Romano Gabriella 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Through G.’s admission and medical files, this chapter illustrates internment laws and procedures, highlighting how Fascism pushed pre-existing legislation to its extreme consequences. In reconstructing internment’s bureaucratic and legal practices, the chapter emphasises how the law could be bent to accommodate the regime’s need to isolate those perceived as “different” and how psychiatry acquiesced in offering to “correct” individuals considered “non-conforming”, “amoral”, “immoral”, “deviant”, rebellious and, among them, homosexuals, in exchange for an increase of power and status.
Cosmological perturbations in generalised dark Lagrangians
Authors: Edholm James , Pearson Jonathan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We describe a new method to parameterise dark energy theories including massive gravity, elastic dark energy and tensor-metric theories. We first examine the existing framework which describes any second order Lagrangian which depends on the variation of the metric and find new constraints on the parameters. We extend the method to Lorentz violating theories which depend on the variation of the time and spatial parts of the metric separately. We show how this can describe massive gravity and elastic dark energy, while ruling out the whole class of theories where the Lagrangian depends only on the variation of the time part of the metric.
We further generalise our method to tensor-metric theories, both with and without splitting the metric into time and spatial parts. Our method extends existing physics by providing a mechanism to easily evaluate large classes of dark energy theories.
Control Mechanisms of Static and Dynamic Balance in Adults With and Without Vestibular Dysfunction in Oculus Virtual Environments
Authors: Lubetzky Anat V. , Hujsak Bryan D. , Kelly Jennifer L. , Fu Gene , Perlin Ken 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundDeficits in sensory integration and fear of falling in complex environments contribute to decreased participation of adults with vestibular disorders. With recent advances in virtual reality technology, head‐mounted displays are affordable and allow manipulation of the environment to test postural responses to visual changes.ObjectivesTo develop an assessment of static and dynamic balance with the Oculus Rift and (1) to assess test‐retest reliability of each scene in adults with and without vestibular hypofunction; (2) to describe changes in directional path and sample entropy in response to changes in visuals and surface and compare between groups; and (3) to evaluate the relation between balance performance and self‐reported disability and balance confidence.DesignTest‐retest, blocked‐randomized experimental design.SettingResearch laboratory.ParticipantsTwenty‐five adults with vestibular hypofunction and 16 age‐ and sex‐matched adults.MethodsParticipants stood on the floor or stability trainers while wearing the Oculus Rift. For 3 moving “stars” scenes, they stood naturally. For a “park” scene, they were asked to avoid a virtual ball. The protocol was repeated 1‐4 weeks later.OutcomeAnteroposterior and mediolateral center‐of‐pressure directional path and sample entropy were derived from a force plate.ResultsWe observed good to excellent reliability in the 2 groups, with most intraclass correlations above 0.8 and only 2 at approximately 0.4. The vestibular group had higher directional path for the stars scenes and lower directional path for the park scene compared with controls, with large variability in the 2 groups. Sample entropy decreased with more challenging environments. In the vestibular group, less balance confidence strongly correlated with more sway for the stars scenes and less sway for the park scene.ConclusionVirtual reality paradigms can shed light on the control mechanism of static and dynamic postural control. Clinical utility and implementation of our portable Oculus Rift assessment should be further studied.Level of EvidenceII
On perpetuities with light tails
Authors: Kołodziejek Bartosz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper we consider the asymptotics of logarithmic tails of a perpetuityR=D∑j=1∞Qj∏k=1j-1Mk, where (Mn,Qn)n=1∞are independent and identically distributed copies of (M,Q), for the case when ℙ(M∈[0,1))=1 andQhas all exponential moments. IfMandQare independent, under regular variation assumptions, we find the precise asymptotics of -logℙ(R>x) asx→∞. Moreover, we deal with the case of dependentMandQ, and give asymptotic bounds for -logℙ(R>x). It turns out that the dependence structure betweenMandQhas a significant impact on the asymptotic rate of logarithmic tails ofR. Such a phenomenon is not observed in the case of heavy-tailed perpetuities.
Branching-stable point measures and processes
Authors: Bertoin Jean , Cortines Aser , Mallein Bastien 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We introduce and study the class of branching-stable point measures, which can be seen as an analog of stable random variables when the branching mechanism for point measures replaces the usual addition. In contrast with the classical theory of stable (Lévy) processes, there exists a rich family of branching-stable point measures with a negative scaling exponent, which can be described as certain Crump‒Mode‒Jagers branching processes. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of their cumulative distribution functions, that is, the number of atoms in (-∞, x] as x→∞, and further depict the genealogical lineage of typical atoms. For both results, we rely crucially on the work of Biggins (1977), (1992).
Nozzles, turbulence, and jet noise prediction
Authors: Freund Jonathan B. 
Published: November 2018

Jet noise prediction is notoriously challenging because only subtle features of the flow turbulence radiate sound. The article by Brès et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 851, 2018, pp. 83–124) shows that a well-constructed modelling procedure for the nozzle turbulence can provide unprecedented sub-dB prediction accuracy with modest-scale large-eddy simulations, as confirmed by detailed comparison with turbulence and sound-field measurements. This both illuminates the essential mechanisms of the flow and facilitates prediction for engineering design.
Characteristics of the deforming bed: till properties on the deglaciated Antarctic continental shelf
Authors: HALBERSTADT ANNA RUTH W. , SIMKINS LAUREN M. , ANDERSON JOHN B. , PROTHRO LINDSAY O. , BART PHILIP J. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTContemporary ice stream flow is directly linked to conditions at the ice/bed interface, yet this environment is logistically difficult to access. Instead, we investigate subglacial processes important for ice stream flow by studying tills on the deglaciated Antarctic continental shelf. We test currently-accepted hypotheses surrounding subglacial processes and till properties with a Ross Sea dataset. Till shear strengths indicate a continuum of simultaneous processes acting at the bed, rather than discrete ‘deformation’ and ‘lodgement’ end-members. We identify a threshold water content representing saturated pore spaces, leading to basal sliding and meltwater channelization. Based on observations of till properties relative to glacial landforms, we challenge the assumption that low shear strength is linked to intense deformation. Spatial variability in landform morphology reflects variability in deforming processes at the sub-ice stream scale and suggests a maximum deforming bed thickness of 2 m at the grounding line. Regional till properties generally correlate with seafloor geology and deglacial history; the western Ross Sea is characterized by higher and more variable shear strengths and water contents, while lower-shear strength till was preserved in the Eastern Basin. These observations inform till interpretation and provide context for deforming beds beneath the modern ice sheet and on glaciated continental shelves.
Identification of chemical form of stable carbon released from type 304L and 316L stainless-steel powders in alkaline and acidic solutions under low-oxygen conditions
Authors: Nakabayashi Ryo , Fujita Tomonari 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe chemical form of14C released from irradiated stainless steel is a key parameter in the safety assessment of the subsurface disposal system in Japan. In this study, to identify the chemical form of the released carbon, unirradiated stainless-steel powders, which were found to be water-atomized powders with a silicon oxide film, were immersed in NaOH and HCl solutions under low-oxygen conditions for approximately 25 days. The results showed that the main chemical forms of the carbon were colloidal carbon in the NaOH solution and colloidal carbon and formic and acetic acids in the HCl solution. Almost no hydrocarbons were detected in both solution systems. Concerning the source of the colloidal carbon and carboxylic acids, the hypothesis that carbon in the oxide layer is released is considered to be reasonable. The very small amounts of hydrocarbons generated prevented us from discussing the source of the hydrocarbons. To validate the hypothesis and obtain further information on the hydrocarbons, additional experiments are necessary. In particular, for long-term safety assessment, it is important to determine whether the colloidal carbon, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons are continuously released during the corrosion process. Therefore, information on the temporal evolution of the carbon should be obtained.
Molecular and morphological characterization of Paurodontoides siddiqii n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerulariidae) associated with bark samples of Pinus eldarica from western Iran
Authors: Esmaeili M. , Golhasan B. , Ye W. , Heydari R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A new species of Paurodontoides, P. siddiqii n. sp., is described and illustrated based on its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characters. The new species is characterized by a female 550–729 μm long, lip region continuous with body contour, stylet length 7.0–8.0 μm long or c. 1.0–1.2 times the lip region diameter, lateral fields with four smooth incisures, excretory pore at 85–125 μm from anterior end located at the base of the pharyngeal bulb or posterior to it, basal pharyngeal bulb with a short posterior extension projecting into the intestine, monodelphic–prodelphic reproductive system with prominent 19–22 μm long post-uterine sac, and elongate conoid tail with a filiform terminus. The new species is compared with two known species of the genus. It differs from the type species of the genus, P. linfordi, by having slightly shorter stylet, lateral field with smooth incisures, different position of the excretory pore, and absence of male. Compared to P. latus, the new species has a shorter body, shorter stylet, different position of the excretory pore, female tail shape and absence of male. The new species was also compared with close species of the genus Paurodontus because of lateral field marked with four lines, asymmetrical stylet knobs and absence of male. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial sequences of 18S rDNA revealed that it forms a clade with a species of the genus Ficotylus. In phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of the 28S rDNA D2-D3 domain, the new species formed a monophyletic group with a species of the genus Veleshkinema and Sphaerularia spp. (Sphaerulariinae).