bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
АККУМУЛЯЦИЯ ЛАТЕНТНОГО ВАРВАРСТВА В АФИНАХ V В. ДО Н.Э., ИЛИ ПУТЬ В БЕЗДНУ
Authors: И.Е. СУРИКОВ 
Published: November 2024

В V в. до н.э. Афины в результате успехов в Греко-персидских войнах небывало усилились и стали претендовать на лидерство в Греции, вступив в борьбу со Спартой за гегемонию. Геродот в своем труде имплицитно предостерегал, что Афины, победившие восточную варварскую империю, рискуют превратиться в некое ее подобие, а это чревато опасностями и даже крахом. Предостережение оказалось пророческим: на протяжении V в. до н.э. в Афинском морском союзе наблюдалась постепенная аккумуляция латентного варварства. В статье рассматриваются некоторые релевантные эпизоды из политических биографий ведущих афинских государственных деятелей этого столетия: Фемистокла, Кимона, Перикла, Клеона, Алкивиада. Результат подобного развития событий был действительно плачевен: в период Пелопоннесской войны латентная варваризация социума являлась уже очевидной, и это стало одной из причин, обусловивших поражение Афин и крушение реализовывавшегося в них «великого проекта».
In the 5th century B.C. Athens, as a result of its successes in the Greco-Persian Wars, strengthened unprecedentedly and started pretending leadership in Greece, having begun struggle against Sparta for hegemony. Herodotus in his treatise warned implicitly that Athens, having defeated the Eastern barbarian empire, was risking to change into a kind of it, and that could lead to dangers and even collapse. The warning proved to be prophetic: during the 5th century B.C., in the Athenian League there was manifest gradual accumulation of latent barbarity. The article deals with some relevant episodes from political biographies of leading Athenian statesman of that century: Themistocles, Cimon, Pericles, Cleon, Alcibiades. The result of such developments was really pitiful: during the Peloponnesian War, latent barbarization of the society was already clear, and it was one of the causes, which conditioned Athens’ defeat and crash of the “Great Project” that was in realization there.
«И МАЛЬЧИКИ КРОВАВЫЕ В ГЛАЗАХ... И РАД БЕЖАТЬ, ДА НЕКУДА... УЖАСНО!»: СЦЕНА ДЕТОУБИЙСТВА И ЛЮДОЕДСТВА В РОМАНЕ ЛОЛЛИАНА «ФИНИКИЙСКИЕ ИСТОРИИ»
Authors: Л.Л. СЕЛИВАНОВА 
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена особому «языку» и «поведенческому репертуару» латентного варварства в художественной литературе Рима эпохи Империи на примере малоизвестного в отечественном антиковедении романа Лоллиана «Финикийские истории» (II в. н.э.). Анализируя фрагмент В1 со сценой инфантицида и антропофагии, автор ставит вопрос о мотивах включения его в текст Лоллианом и об отношении автора и его аудитории к таким свидетельствам. Автор показывает, что в романе, содержащем весь набор сюжетов и образов для передачи чуж(д)ой культуры «варварского Востока», имеет место инверсия. Автор аргументирует это тем, что творцы таких «бестселлеров», описывая шокирующие сцены, volens-nolens способствовали пропаганде «цивилизованной» нетерпимости и демонстрировали тот тип латентного варварства, которое идеологически разрушало государство изнутри.
The article examines the specific «language» and the «behavioral paradigm» of the «latent barbarism» in Roman literature during the imperial period, with the focus on Lollianus’s Phoenician Tales (2nd cent. C.E.), which has not yet received any significant attention in Russian scholarship. While analyzing the episode of infanticide and cannibalism in the fragment B.1, the author raises the questions about Lollianus’s rationale for including it in the text, and about the attitude of Lollianus and his audience to such evidence. The author explains the inclusion of this episode as a case of inversion, which fits the novel that depicts an alien culture by conveying a whole range of images and stereotypes of the «eastern barbarism». The author argues that, like other authors of such popular «bestsellers», Lollianus offered these outrageous scenes both reinforcing «civilized intolerance» and displaying the type of «latent barbarism» that objectively corrupted Roman ideology.
ПРИЕМЫ ИМИТАЦИИ КАК ВОПЛОЩЕНИЕ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ЛАТЕНТНОГО ВАРВАРСТВА: ТРИ «ПОРТРЕТА» ПРАВИТЕЛЕЙ ВАРВАРОВ
Authors: О.В. ПОТОКИНА 
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена некоторым особенностям искусства варваров на рубеже Античности и Средневековья. Варвары-мастера и варвары-заказчики остро ощущали необходимость осмысления и передачи в языке искусства стремительно меняющейся реальности. Для воплощения новых реалий мастера-варвары обращались к языку выражения античного искусства. Это создавало ситуацию латентного варварства, воплощавшегося в сложных имитационных приемах и подражательных механизмах, а в реальной практике искусства — в системе образец/его имитация. Механизмы латентного варварства нашли яркое выражение в первых дошедших изображениях варварских правителей, относящихся к V-VI вв. В данной статье автор обращается к изображениям варварских правителей Алариха II, Теодориха II и Хильдерика I, связанным с перстнями-печатками.
The article is devoted to some specificities of the art of barbarians at the turn of Antiquity and the Middle ages. Barbarians masters and barbarians customers keenly felt the need for understanding and transmission in the language of art rapidly changing reality. For the realization of new realities masters of barbarians turned to the language of the expression of the antique art. That created the situation of the latent barbarity, embodied in complex simulation techniques and imitative mechanisms, and in a real practice of art — in the system sample/imitation. The mechanisms of latent barbarity expressed vividly in the first extant images of barbarian rulers from the V-VI centuries. In this article the author refers to the images of the barbaric rulers of Alaric II, Theodoric II and Childeric I associated with signet rings.
АРНОБИЙ ПРОТИВ ВАРВАРСТВА ЯЗЫЧНИКОВ: ВОЗВРАТНЫЙ УДАР
Authors: И.В. ХОРЬКОВА 
Published: November 2024

В центре внимания статьи — апологетическое сочинение африканского ритора кон. III ‑ нач. IV вв. н.э. Арнобия «Против язычников». Апология была написана Арнобием после принятия им христианства для обоснования своих взглядов и содержит обширный материал по греко-римскому язычеству. Известно негативное отношение языческого населения к распространению христианства в Римской империи. Зачастую последователи новой религии объявлялись суеверными и безграмотными варварами, скудоумными неучами, не знакомыми с достижениями античной философии и риторическими приемами. Арнобий, по сведениям Иеронима Стридонского, блестяще образованный учитель риторики из города Сикка. Используя все свои познания по философии, риторике и греко-римскому пантеону, Арнобий бьет противника его же оружием, обличая в варварстве религиозные представления язычников. Такой прием носит в неориторике название «возвратный удар» или «принцип бумеранга».
The article focuses on the apologetic composition of the African rhetorician of the 3rd — 4th centuries AD Arnobius “Adversus nationes”. The apology was written by Arnobius after he adopted Christianity to substantiate his views and contains extensive material on Greco-Roman paganism. The negative attitude of the pagan population towards the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire is known. Often the followers of the new religion were declared superstitious and illiterate barbarians, not familiar with the achievements of ancient philosophy and rhetoric. Arnobius, according to Hieronymus of Stridon, is a brilliantly educated rhetoric teacher from Sicca Veneria. Using all his knowledge of philosophy, rhetoric and the Greco-Roman pantheon, Arnobius hits the enemy with his own weapons, exposing the barbarism of pagan religious ideas. Such a technique is called in neo-rhetoric “recoil strike” or “boomerang principle”.
О СОХРАНЕНИИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ЧЕЛОВЕЧНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ НАСТУПАЮЩЕГО ВАРВАРСТВА: ЛОВУШКИ НА ЭТОМ ПУТИ
Authors: А.В. БУДАНОВ 
Published: November 2024

Главная тема статьи — личность в современных услови-ях нарастающего варварства. Главная идея — сохранение человека и человечности в этих условиях. Освещаются проблемы, стоящие перед человеком, не желающим подда-ваться деструктивным варваризующим влияниям. Показаны некоторые практическеие пути сохранения человека и че-ловечности в условиях наступающего варварства и охарак-теризованы ловушки на этом пути.
The main topic of the article is the personality in mod-ern conditions of increasing barbarity. The main idea is the preservation of man and humanity under these conditions. The problems facing a person who does not want to suc-cumb to destructive barbarizing influences are highlighted. Shows some of practical ways to keep man and humanity in terms of the attacking barbarity, and the traps on this way are described.
Can the atmospheric boundary layer-based potential evaporation model increase the accuracy of generalized complementary functions?
Authors: Liu Weina , Gao Bing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Complementary functions could reliably and effectively estimate actual evaporation and have received wide attention in recent years. However, estimating potential evaporation (Epo) greatly influences the accuracy of complementary functions. In this study, we compare the atmospheric boundary layer model (ABL2021) with the Priestly–Taylor model (P-T) and the maximum evaporation model (YR2019) for estimating Epo. Eighty-six flux sites are utilized to fit parameters for three generalized complementary functions, including the sigmoid function (H2018), the polynomial function (B2015), and the exponential function (G2021) with various potential evaporation models. The results suggest that ABL2021 shows the best agreement with the observations at large lake sites. The uncertainties for estimation of actual evaporation induced by different potential evaporation models are larger than different complementary functions. ABL2021 significantly reduces the differences in performance between different complementary functions. It suggests that ABL2021 improves the accuracy of the generalized complementary functions in most cases and can provide a calibration-free method for Epo estimation. G2021 performs better and shows more flexibility than the other generalized complementary functions. Therefore, G2021 combined with ABL2021 shows potential to develop a robust method for estimating actual evaporation based on the complementary principle.
Recombinant Production of Ib-AMP4 and Oncorhyncin II Antimicrobial Peptides and Antimicrobial Synergistic Assessment on the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Under In vitro Condition
Authors: Safari Majid , Abtahi Hamid , Chehreii Shima , Fahimirad Shohreh 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant and
prevalent pathogen that poses a major challenge in healthcare environments. In light of the growing
threat posed by multidrug-resistant organisms like MRSA, there is an urgent need for alternative
therapeutic strategies. One promising avenue of research involves the use of antimicrobial
peptides (AMPs). These naturally occurring molecules, which are part of the innate immune response
in many organisms, have garnered attention for their ability to combat a wide range of
pathogens.

Objectives:
This study aimed to produce recombinant versions of Ib-AMP4 and Oncorhyncin II
and to evaluate their combined effects against MRSA (NCTC10442).

Methods:
Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) served as the expression host for the synthesized variants
of the Ib-AMP4 and Oncorhyncin II genes. The antimicrobial efficacy of these peptides against
MRSA S. aureus (NCTC1042) was evaluated using a comprehensive methodology that encompassed
the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the performance of
time-kill assays, and the analysis of growth kinetics.

Results:
The individual antimicrobial activities of Ib-AMP4 and Oncorhyncin II were assessed, revealing
minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 27.75 μg/mL and 40.125 μg/mL against S.
aureus (MRSA) (NCTC10442), respectively. The application of a checkerboard assay to evaluate
the combination of these antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) demonstrated a synergistic interaction,
which was further validated through time-kill and growth kinetic studies. When administered at
double the MIC, a significant reduction in the log10 CFU/mL of MRSA (NCTC 10442) was observed,
underscoring the synergistic bacteriostatic effect mediated by the fractional inhibitory concentration
(FIC) index of the two peptides.

Conclusion:
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted significant interest owing to the growing
intricacy of microbial infections. They constitute a promising category of novel antibiotics
that warrant further investigation for the treatment of S. aureus infections and the enhancement of
wound healing. Although certain AMPs can operate autonomously, others may necessitate a synergistic
approach alongside conventional antibiotics. Studies examining the combined efficacy of
Oncorhyncin II and Ib-AMP4 against MRSA in vitro have revealed their effectiveness.
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Tianjin
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Duan Keran , Cai Xian , Chen Qi , Zu Liping , Liu Lingyan , Wu Xiaomin , Li Chenyu , Ma Fei 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The association between physical activity (PA) and cognitive function remains
controversial, and the impact of gender on this association remains underexplored. Therefore,
this study aimed to investigate the association between PA and cognitive function and to explore
whether this association was modified by gender among older adults.

Methods:
In 2016, a cluster sampling method was used to select community-dwelling older adults
aged 65 and above. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short
Form and classified as low, middle, and high. Cognitive function was assessed by using the revised
Chinese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The multiple linear regression
model was used to explore the association between PA and cognitive function and to assess
whether this association differs by gender.

Results:
A total of 676 participants with a mean age of 73.63 ± 6.39 were included. The multiple
linear regression analysis showed that higher PA was significantly statistically associated with
Full Intelligence Quotient (FIQ), Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ), and verbal Intelligence
Quotient (VIQ) (P<0.05). Among the WAIS-RC subtests, higher PA was significantly statistically
associated with higher scores of the similarity subtest, picture completion subtest, and picture arrangement
subtest (P<0.05). In the gender subgroup analysis, higher PA was significantly statistically
associated with FIQ and PIQ (P<0.05), but no significant association was found with VIQ
(P>0.05) in the male group, while in the female group, there was no significant statistical association
between higher PA and FIQ, PIQ, or VIQ (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
Higher PA was significantly statistically associated with better cognitive function
(P<0.05). In the male group, PA was significantly statistically associated with cognitive function,
whereas no comparable association was found in the female group.
Os malabarismos de gestores e agricultores familiares na implementação do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) no Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Silva José de Arimatéia , Vaz de Moura Joana Tereza , Marcos Aurélio Freire da Silva Júnior  
Published: November 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a implementação do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em quatro municípios do Território do Mato Grande, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Buscamos entender quais os principais desafios para a sua operacionalização, sob o ponto de vista dos gestores, e quais são as principais dificuldades para os agricultores familiares acessarem a política. Para a análise, utilizamos os dados dos valores repassados pelo Fundo Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Escolar (FNDE) aos municípios da amostra pesquisada, além de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores e com representantes de entidades da agricultura familiar. A partir do estudo, ficou evidenciado que existem ainda alguns desafios: dificuldade de diversificação da produção por parte dos agricultores, problemas de divulgação e informação dos editais pelas Prefeituras e falta de coordenação entre as secretarias, gerando entraves para a compra dos produtos. Entretanto, percebe-se que o PNAE tem evoluído, contribuindo para o escoamento de parte da produção da agricultura familiar, gerando renda e possibilitando a permanência desses agricultores no campo.
Hvor mange eiendomsselskaper forventes å få finansielle problemer de neste årene i Norge?
Authors: Kinserdal Finn , Knudsener Sindre , Oust Are , Aarbø Frida Nilssen 
Published: November 2024

Næringseiendom er en stor og viktig sektor i Norge, som er preget av høy gjeldsgrad og ofte begrenset likviditet. Fra 2022 til 2024 økte renten fra i overkant av 2 prosent og økte til godt over 6 prosent. Målet i denne artikkelen er å predikere hvor mange eiendomsselskaper som med høy sannsynlighet vil komme i finansielle problemer med fare for konkurs som følge av renteøkningen. Dette blir gjort ved å se på 5 872 rene, frittstående eiendomsselskaper, som er selskaper som ikke kan hente kapital fra annen drift eller får midler fra annet sted i et konsern. Disse testes ved å anvende den anerkjente konkursprediksjonsmodellen til Ohlson (1980). Våre simuleringer viser at økningen i rentenivået de siste årene vil gi betydelig større konkursfare i næringseiendom, og derfor forventes å ramme en del selskaper hardt. Likevel forventes mange – særlig store selskaper – å komme seg greit igjennom
Abstract in English
How Many Real Estate Companies in Norway Are Expected to Face Financial Distress in the Coming Years?
Commercial real estate is a large and important sector in Norway, characterized by high levels of debt and often limited liquidity. From 2022 to 2024, the interest rate increased from just over 2 percent to well above 6 percent. The aim of this article is to predict how many real estate companies are likely to face financial difficulties with a risk of bankruptcy as a result of the interest rate hike. This is done by examining 5,872 pure, standalone real estate companies, which are companies that cannot raise capital from other operations or receive funds from elsewhere in a corporate group. These companies are tested using Ohlson's (1980) well-known bankruptcy prediction model. Our simulations show that the increase in interest rates in recent years will significantly raise the risk of bankruptcy in commercial real estate, and therefore is expected to hit some companies hard. Nevertheless, many – especially large companies – are expected to manage fairly well.
Kebijakan Kampus Merdeka dan Implementasinya di FTK UIN Ar-Raniry dalam Efektivitas Belajar Mahasiswa
Authors: Mardhatillah Liza Safira , Silahuddin Silahuddin , Zulfatmi Zulfatmi , Juharoh Juharoh 
Published: November 2024

This research analyzes the independent campus policy and its implementation at FTK UIN Ar-Raniry in terms of student learning effectiveness. The independent campus policy is a policy currently established by the Minister of Education, which is designed to help students excel in their studies and is a step towards improving the quality of education in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the current condition of independent campus policy and implementation at FTK UIN Ar-Raniry and the extent to which the university infrastructure is prepared to help student learning effectiveness. This research uses qualitative research methods, and data collection techniques are carried out using involved observation and secondary data that support the research. Meanwhile, the data processing techniques in this research are based on Miles and Huberman, including data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Implementation of the Independent Campus Policy is very important, and the forms of activities based on the Independent Campus concept that have been applied to students at the Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty of UIN Ar-Raniry are: Mangang I, Mangang II, PPKPM (PPL and KPM), Research, and students are given freedom to study at two different universities simultaneously, and students are also free to take part in extracurriculars available within the University and outside the University.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis tentang kebijakan kampus merdeka dan implementasinya di FTK UIN Ar-Raniry dalam efektivitas belajar mahasiswa. Kebijakan kampus merdeka adalah kebijakan yang ditetapkan saat ini oleh mentri pendidikan, yang dirancang untuk membantu mahasiswa agar unggul dalam studinya dan merupakan langkah terciptanya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi kebijakan dan implementasi kampus merdeka di FTK UIN Ar-Raniry saat ini dan sejauh mana infrastruktur universitas disiapkan untuk membantu efektivitas belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dan teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan pengamatan terlibat dan data sekunder yang menunjang penelitian. Sedangkan teknik pengolahan data pada penelitian ini berdasarkan pada Miles dan Huberman, meliputi: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Implementasi Kebijakan kampus merdeka sangatlah penting, dan bentuk kegiatan pada konsep Kampus Merdeka yang telah diterapkan pada mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Ar-Raniry yaitu: Mangang I, Mangang II, PPKPM (PPL dan KPM), Penelitian atau Riset, serta Mahasiswa diberikan kebebasan untuk berkuliah pada dua perguruan tingi yang berbeda secara bersamaan, dan mahasiswa juga bebas mengikuti ekstrakurikuler yang tersedia di dalam Universitas maupun diluar Universitas
Kata kunci: Kebijakan; Kampus Merdeka; FTK UIN Ar-Raniry; Efektivitas Belajar.