bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CALIPSO lidar calibration at 532 nm: version 4 nighttime algorithm
Authors: Kar Jayanta , Vaughan Mark A. , Lee Kam-Pui , Tackett Jason L. , Avery Melody A. , Garnier Anne , Getzewich Brian J. , Hunt William H. , Josset Damien , Liu Zhaoyan , Lucker Patricia L. , Magill Brian , Omar Ali H. , Pelon Jacques , Rogers Raymond R. , Toth Travis D. , Trepte Charles R. , Vernier Jean-Paul , Winker David M. , Young Stuart A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Data products from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal
Polarization (CALIOP) on board Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared
Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) were recently updated
following the implementation of new (version 4) calibration
algorithms for all of the Level 1 attenuated backscatter
measurements. In this work we present the motivation for and the
implementation of the version 4 nighttime 532 nm
parallel channel calibration. The nighttime 532 nm calibration is the
most fundamental calibration of CALIOP data, since all of CALIOP's
other radiometric calibration procedures – i.e., the 532 nm
daytime calibration and the 1064 nm calibrations during both
nighttime and daytime – depend either directly or indirectly on the
532 nm nighttime calibration. The accuracy of the
532 nm nighttime calibration has been significantly improved
by raising the molecular normalization altitude from
30–34 km to the upper possible signal acquisition range of
36–39 km to substantially reduce stratospheric aerosol
contamination. Due to the greatly reduced molecular number density
and consequently reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at these higher
altitudes, the signal is now averaged over a larger number of
samples using data from multiple adjacent granules. Additionally, an
enhanced strategy for filtering the radiation-induced noise from
high-energy particles was adopted. Further, the meteorological model
used in the earlier versions has been replaced by the improved
Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications,
Version 2 (MERRA-2), model. An aerosol scattering ratio of 1.01±0.01 is now
explicitly used for the calibration altitude. These modifications
lead to globally revised calibration coefficients which are, on
average, 2–3 % lower than in previous data releases. Further,
the new calibration procedure is shown to eliminate biases at high
altitudes that were present in earlier versions and consequently
leads to an improved representation of stratospheric
aerosols. Validation results using airborne lidar measurements are
also presented. Biases relative to collocated measurements acquired
by the Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne High Spectral
Resolution Lidar (HSRL) are reduced from 3.6 %±2.2 %
in the version 3 data set to 1.6 %±2.4 % in the
version 4 release.
Her Body, Herland: Reproductive Health and Dis/topian Satire in Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Authors: Tavera Stephanie Peebles 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
This article discusses Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Herland (1915) as a work of medical fiction and partial sex education manual that engages in conversation with various Progressive-era reproductive health discourses, especially scientific sex education theory and the birth control movement. Sex education at the fin de siècle often drew upon biological texts rather than anatomical or medical texts as a way to teach reproductive health during a period of censorship under Comstock Law. Gilman's use of satire rescripts this popular comparative biology approach to sex education by using entomology rather than plant or animal biology. Through satirical inversion, parthenogenesis functions as a defense for female body autonomy—or “voluntary motherhood”—and access to birth control. Although Gilman was sincere in her feminist argument for basic reproductive rights, a feminist disability studies reading of satire in Herland reveals a eugenics approach that eliminates impaired or disabled bodies from utopia.
Physiology Is Destiny: The Fate of Eugenic Utopia in the Fiction of H. P. Lovecraft and Olaf Stapledon
Authors: Murphy Timothy S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Lovecraft and Stapledon imagined alien societies as utopias whose order and destiny derive from their citizens' eugenically altered physiologies. Stapledon's focus on eugenics as a means for achieving utopia during the interwar period is well known, but Lovecraft's worldview is generally understood to be dysgenic and dystopian in its obsession with racial and cultural degeneration. Lovecraft's fullest depiction of an alien civilization, the Old Ones in At the Mountains of Madness, relies upon a eugenic prehistory that is never explicitly narrated. The Old Ones' implicitly eugenic origin accounts for the utopian features of their society but also foreshadows their fall to their genetically engineered slave species, the shoggoths, which supplant their creators through their superior adaptability. The failure of the Old Ones' eugenics of homogeneity contrasts with the triumph of the eugenic project of diversification pursued by the Symbiotic civilization, which leads the cosmos to utopia in Stapledon's Star Maker.
Cavas Viña Concha y Toro en San Miguel: Desenterrando lo olvidado.
Authors: Gallardo Gastelo Felipe 
Published: March 2018

Anacronismo en Europa, al momento de su creación en Chile, las cavas enterradas de vino constituyen un reconocido patrimonio que ha sido objeto de evocación romántico-turística, olvido colectivo, o mitificación comunitaria, siendo estos últimos dos, los lugares comunes alternados, del caso de estudio.
El presente artículo busca empezar a establecer que el valor y estrategia de intervención arquitectónica en un patrimonio determinado debe considerar categorías adicionales a las convencionales en cuanto a clasificación, valoración histórica-estética, tecnología y gestión.
Lo anterior, como una nueva manera de enfrentar el contexto local de escasez de recursos y precariedad normativa para abordar proyectos de rehabilitación de inmuebles patrimoniales. Un contexto actual donde los intereses inmobiliarios parecen -a ratos- sobreponerse a cualquier interés de la comunidad, lo cultural incluido.
Planificación y desarrollo urbano de Iquique entre 1930 a 1970.
Authors: Valenzuela Grollmus Víctor 
Published: March 2018

Cómo comienzan los procesos de regulación y planificación en la ciudad, quiénes fueron los gestores en dichos procesos y cuáles fueron las acciones políticas, sociales y urbanas que se desarrollaron en pos de planificar la ciudad en tiempos modernos, son parte de las motivaciones para adentrase en un periodo de grandes decisiones urbanas que repercutirán hasta hoy y que consolidaron y dieron forma a la ciudad contemporánea.
Los procesos históricos y urbanos previos al último instrumento de planificación urbana vigente en Iquique de 1981 y los alcances de la incipiente regulación urbana durante la irrupción del movimiento moderno entre 1930 a 1970, junto a la participación de las instituciones de la época, permiten establecer la lógica del crecimiento y planificación urbana del Iquique actual.
Práticas Contemplativas nas Escolas Públicas
Authors: Tuppy Vivi 
Published: March 2018

A prática Atencional do Centramento, faz parte do Programa Educadores da Paz que acontece há 9 anos na Diretoria Estadual de Ensino de Araçatuba/SP, atendendo 18.500 alunos.Considerando a neuroplasticidade, o Centramento como prática regular, tende a promover estados e comportamentos construtivos, minimizando as respostas agressivas geradas pelas emoções destrutivas que comprometem a aprendizagem e as relações de convivência. A capacidade de auto-regulação e administração da excitação fisiológica diante dos eventos estressores, requer um treinamento sistemático onde o praticante sustenta a sua atenção focada, de forma voluntária e intencional. Dentro das Práticas Contemplativas, o Centramento como prática atencional, pode ser considerado uma ação pedagógica de baixo custo e portanto exequível à realidade educacional das escolas da rede pública. Frente ao panorama apresentado pela violência, o Centramento praticado pelos alunos e gestores da educação, tem contribuído qualitativamente para a saúde mental, emocional e relacional, favorecendo inclusive as relações familiares.
Le contrat de vente maritime internationale : un archipel d’internormativité concrète
Authors: Égéa Vincent 
Published: March 2018

Le présent article a pour champ la vente maritime internationale, contrat essentiel dans une économie mondialisée. L’auteur vise à démontrer que les modalités d’internormativité déjà mises en évidence trouvent en ce domaine une existence concrète massive et particulièrement dense. La norme technique, en normalisant les dimensions des conteneurs, a eu une influence majeure sur les normes juridiques, montrant la pertinence d’une internormativité qui consiste en la reprise par un ordre normatif — en l’occurrence juridique — d’une norme sécrétée dans un autre ordre normatif, technique en ce domaine. Pour autant, l’ordre juridique a connu une seconde modalité de l’internormativité, en réagissant aux changements de comportement des acteurs du commerce international qui, eux-mêmes, s’adaptent aux modifications induites par la normalisation technique. Davantage subtile et originale, cette seconde forme d’internormativité s’avère d’autant plus intéressante qu’elle concerne des sources de droit non étatiques, à savoir des codifications privées d’usages professionnels. Selon l’auteur, le droit étatique tient compte de ces deux phénomènes d’internormativité par l’entremise de mécanismes classiques tels que le dépeçage du contrat ou la détermination du champ matériel des différentes normes juridiques.
Comparison of Scrub Typhus Meningitis with Acute Bacterial Meningitis and Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Kakarlapudi Svas Raju , Chacko Anila , Samuel Prasanna , Verghese Valsan Philip , Rose Winsley 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
To compare scrub typhus meningitis with bacterial and tuberculous meningitis.

Methods
Children aged<15 years admitted with meningitis were screened and those who fit criteria for diagnosis of scrub typhus meningitis (n=48), bacterial meningitis (n=44) and tuberculous meningitis (n=31) were included for analysis. Clinical features, investigations and outcomes were compared between the three types of meningitis.

Results
Mean age, duration of fever at presentation, presence of headache and, altered sensorium and presence of hepatomegaly/splenomegaly were statistically significantly different between the groups. Scrub typhus had statistically significant thrombocytopenia, shorter hospital stay and a better neurological and mortality outcome.

Conclusions
Sub-acute presentation of meningitis in older age group children, and good outcome is associated with scrub typhus when compared to bacterial and tuberculous meningitis.
Creatine Transporter Deficiency in Two Brothers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Aydin Halil Ibrahim 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is a treatable, X-linked, inborn error of metabolism.

Case characteristics
Two brothers with autism spectrum disorder were diagnosed with CTD at the ages of 17 and 12 years. Both were found to have a previously reported hemizygous p.408delF (c.1216_1218delTTC) deletion mutation.

Outcome
Both patients were given creatine monohydrate, L-arginine, L-glycine and S-adenosylmethionine, which partially improved the behavioral problems.

Message
Serum creatinine levels, creatine peak at brain MR spectroscopy or creatine/creatinine ratio in urine should be evaluated to identify CTD in children with autistic behavior and language disorders.
Time evolution of uniform momentum zones in a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Laskari A. , de Kat R. , Hearst R. J. , Ganapathisubramani B. 
Published: March 2018

Time-resolved planar particle image velocimetry was used to analyse the structuring of a turbulent boundary layer into uniform momentum zones (UMZs). The instantaneous peak-detection method employed by Adrian et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 422, 2000, pp. 1–54) and de Silva et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 786, 2016, pp. 309–331) is extended to account for temporal coherence of UMZs. The resulting number of zones detected appears to follow a normal distribution at any given instant. However, the extreme cases in which the number of zones is either very high or very low, are shown to be linked with two distinct flow states. A higher than average number of zones is associated with a large-scale $Q2$ event in the log region which creates increased small-scale activity within that region. Conversely, a low number of zones corresponds to a large-scale $Q4$ event in the log region and decreased turbulent activity away from the wall. The residence times, within the measurement plane, of zones belonging to the latter scenario are shown to be on average four times larger than those of zones present during higher than average zone structuring states. For both cases, greater residence times are observed for zones of higher momentum that are generally closer to the free stream.
Is the Good News About Law Compliance Good News About Norm Compliance? The Case of Racial Equality
Authors: Búzás Zoltán I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe most important international human rights norms are legalized or codified in international treaty law. Yet pernicious practices at odds with these norms endure and sometimes even increase after legalization. According to conventional wisdom, this is because agents commit to but do not comply with international law and the underlying norms. I develop a theory of evasion to explain why norm violations persist even when states technically comply with the law. Because legalization transposes social norms into international law imperfectly, it creates gaps between laws and underlying norms. Because of these norm-law gaps, legality and normative appropriateness will diverge. States caught between opposing pressures from pro-violation and pro-compliance groups exploit this gap through what I call evasion—the intentional minimization of normative obligations that technically complies with international law but violates underlying norms. I demonstrate the theory's empirical purchase in the cases of the French expulsion of Roma immigrants and the Czech school segregation of Roma children. Under the cover of technical compliance with the law, these states violated the norm of racial equality. The argument cautions that the good news about law compliance is not necessarily good news about norm compliance, broadens our understanding of norm violators' agency, and has practical implications for human rights advocacy.
Colonisation of stranded whale bones by lichens and mosses at Hennequin Point, King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: de Albuquerque Margéli Pereira , Putzke Jair , Schünemann Adriano Luis , Vieira Frederico Costa Beber , Victoria Filipe de Carvalho , Pereira Antonio Batista 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the details of lichens and mosses found on whale vertebrae substratum in the Admiralty Bay area, King George Island, Antarctica. Samples were taken in the coastal area at Hennequin Point, a relict of the Antarctic whaling era. The samples were collected from the upper surface of the whale bones found in the study area during the austral summer 2010–2011. A total of 15 lichen and two moss species were found. All species sampled are known in the Admiralty Bay area, both as pioneers and in more advanced succession stages in ice-free areas. These results suggest that the colonisation of whale bones is not new for Antarctic plants, but it is an additional substrate on which these plants can develop. A map showing the distribution of colonised bones and details of the usual substrata for the lichens and mosses found in this study are provided.
Progress of negative symptoms over the initial 5 years of a first episode of psychosis
Authors: Lutgens Danyael , Joober Ridha , Iyer Srividya , Lepage Martin , Norman Ross , Schmitz Norbert , Mustafa Sally , Abadi Sherezad , Malla Ashok 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSpecialized early intervention (EI) following a first episode of psychosis (FEP) are effective at reducing negative symptoms, although its trajectory warrants systematic assessment. However, findings are equivocal as to whether extended gains are made post 2 years of EI and whether there is additional benefit of extending EI for an additional 3 years.MethodsData on 178 FEP patients, from a randomized controlled trial of a 3-year extension of EI service v. transfer to regular care following 2 years of EI service, were used for this report. Repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted separately for the initial 2 years of treatment in an EI service, and for the 3-year post-randomization to examine trajectories of negative symptoms over the two periods in the two arms of the study.ResultsThere were significant improvements in total negative symptoms over the first 2 years of EI F(4.612, 797.905) = 25.263, p < 0.001 and in domains of ‘expressivity’ and ‘motivation’. In the following 3 years, there were further significant improvements in negative symptoms F(4.318, 759.908) = 4.182, p = 0.002 with no difference between groups F(4.318, 759.908) = 1.073, p = 0.371. Changes in negative symptoms over the extension period were driven by expressivity F(4.01, 674.73) = 7.19, p < 0.01, but not motivation F(6.58, 1112.18) = 0.95, p = 0.46.ConclusionNegative symptoms improve significantly over the first 2 years of EI. Subsequent amelioration was largely the result of expressivity. Motivation deficits remained stable. Extended EI offered no advantage over regular care post-randomization.
The Rotation of the Main-Sequence Components of Algol-Type Semi-Detached Eclipsing Binaries
Authors: Heuvel E.P.J. Van Den 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNewly determined rotational velocities of the main-sequence components of 14 Algol-type semi-detached systems and of 2 detached systems are presented. Combination of these data with the existing data on the rotation of the components of semi-detached systems shows that (i) in systems with primaries of spectral type B8 or later and with P<5 days, deviations from synchronism between rotation and revolution are small in 14 out of 15 cases. The average rotational velocity of the primaries in such systems is 75 km/sec, viz. only 40% of the average rotational velocity of single main-sequence stars in the same spectral region: (ii) primaries of spectral type earlier than B8 in systems with short as well as long periods tend to rotate more than twice as fast as one would expect from synchronism. A tentative explanation for these results is presented.
Binary Orbit Perturbations and the Rotational Angular Momentum of Stellar Interiors
Authors: Sobieski Stanley 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCalculations show that a significant variation in the minima of eclipsing binaries should arise for systems where axial precession exists. Several different angular velocity distributions are assumed in order to estimate the expected photometric variation as a function of the model parameters. It is found that the solid body rotation approximation is a reasonable representation unless interiors rotate more rapidly than present models predict.
The Rotation of the Ap Stars From the Point of View of the Rigid Rotator Model
Authors: Preston George W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDeutsch’s period vs. line-width relation for the periodic Ap stars is re-examined from the point of view of the rigid rotator with the aid of recently determined values of v sin i for these objects. The agreement between computed rotational velocities and observed values of v sin i is satisfactory if the radii of the Ap stars are twice those of zero-age main sequence stars of the same color. The computed rotational velocities also agree with the mean rotational velocities of all Ap stars if suitable allowances are made for observational limitations. However, a difficulty arises in connection with the number of ‘long-period’ stars that have been discovered. Their small computed rotational velocities and their frequency are such that they cannot be regarded as part of any rotational distribution function that describes normal stars or even most Ap stars. It is concluded that if the periods of these objects are rotational periods, then a powerful rotational deceleration mechanism must be operative in at least some Ap stars, primarily those of the SrCrEu group.
On the Equatorial Acceleration of the Sun
Authors: Roxburgh Ian W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe interaction of rotation and turbulent convection gives rise to a latitude dependent turbulent energy transport. Energy conservation demands a slow meridional circulation in the solar outer convective zone. The transport of angular momentum by this circulation is balanced in a steady state by the turbulent viscous transport across an angular velocity gradient. Models are constructed which give equatorial acceleration as observed on the sun.
Spin Down of Boussinesq Fluid in the Circular Cylinder, as a Simulation of the Solar Spin-Down Procedure
Authors: Sakurai Takeo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs the simplest model to simulate the solar spin down procedure from the hydrodynamical viewpoint, a spin down problem with a simple geometrical configuration within the frame work of the Boussinesq approximation is investigated. A new proposal of the origin of the solar differential rotation is made on the basis of the calculated asymptotic distribution of the angular velocity. A comment on the present day solar spin down controversy is also made.
Seasonality and within-subject clustering of rotavirus infections in an eight-site birth cohort study
Authors: Colston J. M. , Ahmed A. M. S. , Soofi S. B. , Svensen E. , Haque R. , Shrestha J. , Nshama R. , Bhutta Z. , Lima I. F. N. , Samie A. , Bodhidatta L. , Lima A. A. M. , Bessong P. , Paredes Olortegui M. , Turab A. , Mohan V. R. , Moulton L. H. , Naumova E. N. , Kang G. , Kosek M. N. ,   The Mal-Ed network
Published: March 2018

AbstractImproving understanding of the pathogen-specific seasonality of enteric infections is critical to informing policy on the timing of preventive measures and to forecast trends in the burden of diarrhoeal disease. Data obtained from active surveillance of cohorts can capture the underlying infection status as transmission occurs in the community. The purpose of this study was to characterise rotavirus seasonality in eight different locations while adjusting for age, calendar time and within-subject clustering of episodes by applying an adapted Serfling model approach to data from a multi-site cohort study. In the Bangladesh and Peru sites, within-subject clustering was high, with more than half of infants who experienced one rotavirus infection going on to experience a second and more than 20% experiencing a third. In the five sites that are in countries that had not introduced the rotavirus vaccine, the model predicted a primary peak in prevalence during the dry season and, in three of these, a secondary peak during the rainy season. The patterns predicted by this approach are broadly congruent with several emerging hypotheses about rotavirus transmission and are consistent for both symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus episodes. These findings have practical implications for programme design, but caution should be exercised in deriving inferences about the underlying pathways driving these trends, particularly when extending the approach to other pathogens.