bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintaining bovine satellite cells stemness through p38 pathway
Authors: Ding Shijie , Swennen G. N. M , Messmer Tobias , Gagliardi Mick , Molin Daniël G. M. , Li Chunbao , Zhou Guanghong , Post Mark J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIsolating and maintaining the appropriate stem cell for large scale cell culture is essential in tissue engineering or food production. For bovine satellite cells an optimized isolation and purification protocol is lacking and there is also no detailed understanding on the factors that maintain stemness of these cells. Here, we set up a fluorescence-activated cell sorting strategy to enrich bovine satellite cells. We found that p38-MAPK signalling is activated and PAX7 expression is gradually lost during satellite cell proliferation. The p38 inhibitor (SB203580) treatment maintained PAX7 expression but inhibited the fusion of satellite cells in a concentration-dependent way in short-term incubation. The mechanism of p38 inhibition was confirmed by inhibiting canonical p38 signalling, i.e. HSP27. Long-term culture with an appropriate concentration of p38i enhanced the proliferation and PAX7 expression, while the differentiation capacity recovered and was enhanced compared to vehicle control. These studies indicate that bovine satellite cells maintenance depends on cell purity and p38 MAPK signalling. Inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling is a promising strategy to facilitate large scale cell expansion of primary cells for tissue engineering and cultured meat purposes.
Itching and its related factors in subtypes of eczema: a cross-sectional multicenter study in tertiary hospitals of China
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Linfeng , Shi Xiaodong , Zhou Ping , Shen Yiwei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractItching is a leading symptom of eczema or dermatitis and has a great impact on patients’ lives. Previous studies on itching have focused mostly on atopic dermatitis (AD). A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted among outpatients with eczema from 39 tertiary hospitals in mainland China from July 1 to September 30, 2014. This work elaborates on itching in different types of eczema. Itching was very common (97%, 8499/8758) in outpatients with eczema. The severity of the itch increased with age and disease duration (P < 0.001). The top three subtypes of dermatitis with severe itching were atopic dermatitis (30.4%), widespread eczema (30.1%), and asteatotic eczema (27.9%). Widespread eczema refers to the involvement of more than three body parts, without clinical features of other specific types of eczema. The proportion of outpatients without itching was highest in hand eczema (6.8%). Positive correlations were observed between the severity of itching and the proportions of different diseases based on trend tests, including atopic dermatitis (P < 0.001), widespread eczema (P < 0.001), asteatotic eczema (P < 0.001), and autosensitization dermatitis (P < 0.001). Eczema outpatients with older age, longer disease duration, and, especially, a history of allergic diseases might be more prone to itching.
P31–43, an undigested gliadin peptide, mimics and enhances the innate immune response to viruses and interferes with endocytic trafficking: a role in celiac disease
Authors: Nanayakkara Merlin , Lania Giuliana , Maglio Mariantonia , Auricchio Renata , De Musis Cristiana , Discepolo Valentina , Miele Erasmo , Jabri Bana , Troncone Riccardo , Auricchio Salvatore , Barone Maria Vittoria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa due to an immune response to wheat gliadins. Some gliadin peptides are resistant to intestinal digestion (e.g., A-gliadin P31–43) and induce a stress/innate immune response, but the reason why they are dangerous in the intestines of patients with CD is unknown. In the present study, P31–43 activated IFN-α, a mediator of the innate immune response in CD, in the intestine of subjects with CD and an enterocyte cell line, CaCo-2. P31–43 cooperated with a viral ligand to activate the TLR7 pathway by interfering with endocytic trafficking. Based on these results, the vesicular pathway regulates the innate/inflammatory response to viral ligands and bioactive dietary peptides. Suggesting that together with viral infections, alimentary proteins able to mimic and potentiate the innate immune response to viruses, can trigger an autoimmune disease such as CD.
Traces Of Laboratory Earthquake Nucleation In The Spectrum Of Ambient Noise
Authors: Kocharyan Gevorg G. , Ostapchuk Alexey A. , Pavlov Dmitry V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe short-term forecast of earthquakes associated with fault rupture is a challenge in seismology and rock mechanics. The evolution of mechanical characteristics of a local fault segment may be encoded in the ambient noise, thus, converting the ambient noise to an efficient source of information about the fault stress-strain conditions. In laboratory experiments we investigate micro-vibrations of a block-fault system induced by weak external disturbances with the purpose of getting reliable evidence of how the system transits to the metastable state. We show that precursory changes of spectral characteristics of micro-vibrations are observed for the complete spectrum of failure modes. In the course of experiments we systematically change the properties of interface to perform the transition from stick-slip to steady sliding and observe the characteristics of micro-vibrations of the laboratory block-fault system. Detected were systematical alterations of the system natural frequency and those alterations were determined by the evolution of fault stiffness. The detected regularities suggest that the final stage of seismic event preparation can be revealed in analyzing the spectral characteristics of ambient noise. The detection of natural oscillations of a block-fault system can be a new useful tool to monitor active faults in real time.
Combined Metabarcoding and Multi-locus approach for Genetic characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with common walnut (Juglans regia) anthracnose in France
Authors: Da Lio Daniele , Cobo-Díaz José F. , Masson Cyrielle , Chalopin Morgane , Kebe Djiby , Giraud Michel , Verhaeghe Agnes , Nodet Patrice , Sarrocco Sabrina , Le Floch Gaetan , Baroncelli Riccardo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractJuglans regia(walnut) is a species belonging to the familyJuglandaceae. Broadly spread in diverse temperate and subtropical regions, walnut is primarily cultivated for its nuts. In France,Colletotrichumsp. on walnut was detected for the first time in 2007; in 2011 the disease led to 50–70% losses in nut production. A combined approach of metabarcoding analysis and multi-locus genetic characterization of isolated strains has been used for taxonomic designation and to study the genetic variability of this pathogen in France. Evidence indicates that fourColletotrichumspecies are associated with walnut in France: 3 belong to theC.acutatumspecies complex and 1 to theC.gloeosporioidesspecies complex. Results also show thatC.godetiaeis the most abundant species followed byC.fioriniae; whileC.nymphaeaeand anotherColletotrichumsp. belonging to theC.gloeosporioidescomplex are found rarely. Representative isolates of detected species were also used to confirm pathogenicity on walnut fruits. The results show a high variability of lesion’s dimensions among isolates tested. This study highlights the genetic and pathogenic heterogeneity ofColletotrichumspecies associated with walnut anthracnose in France providing useful information for targeted treatments or selection of resistant cultivars, in order to better control the disease.
Virtual environments as memory training devices in navigational tasks for older adults
Authors: Lokka Ismini E. , Çöltekin Arzu , Wiener Jan , Fabrikant Sara I. , Röcke Christina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCognitive training approaches using virtual environments (VEs) might counter age-related visuospatial memory decline and associated difficulties in wayfinding. However, the effects of the visual design of a VE in route learning are not fully understood. Therefore, we created a custom-designed VE optimized for route learning, with adjusted levels of realism and highlighted landmark locations (MixedVE). Herein we tested participants’ route recall performance in identifying direction of turn at the intersection with this MixedVE against two baseline alternatives (AbstractVE, RealisticVE). An older vs. a younger group solved the tasks in two stages (immediate vs. delayed recall by one week). Our results demonstrate that the MixedVE facilitates better recall accuracy than the other two VEs for both age groups. Importantly, this pattern persists a week later. Additionally, our older participants were mostly overconfident in their route recall performance, but the MixedVE moderated this potentially detrimental overconfidence. Before the experiment, participants clearly preferred the RealisticVE, whereas after the experiment, most of the younger, and many of the older participants, preferred the MixedVE. Taken together, our findings provide insights into the importance of tailoring visualization design in route learning with VEs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the great potential of the MixedVE and by extension, of similar VEs as memory training devices for route learning, especially for older participants.
Endemic fish species structuring oceanic intertidal reef assemblages
Authors: Andrades Ryan , Reis-Filho José Amorim , Macieira Raphael M. , Giarrizzo Tommaso , Joyeux Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntertidal reef environments are facing a global crisis as climate changes are causing sea-level rise. Synergistically, other human-induced impacts (e.g., sewage, habitat loss) caused by concentration of human populations near the coast increase the natural vulnerability of intertidal ecosystems. However, the effect of these threats have long been neglected due, in part, to a limited knowledge of some aspects of intertidal fish ecology. We tested what are the main differences and drivers in fish assemblages structure between tidepools in three oceanic and three continental shelf (coastal) sites of the tropical southwestern Atlantic (Brazilian Province) using standardized sampling methods. Oceanic and coastal fish assemblages were distinctly structured at the trophic and composition levels. The noteworthy endemism species rate (38–44%) and high densities in oceanic sites are supported by resident species restricted to mid and high-shore tidepools where herbivores were the major trophic group. The coastal sites, on the other hand, were dominated by widely distributed and carnivore species. Physical (substrate type, pool height, subtidal distance and rock coverage), biological (sessile animal coverage) and chemical (salinity) parameters act as the driving forces influencing fish spatial occupancy. Here, clear evidences of high fish endemism and importance of endemics structuring oceanic communities may act as the last straw in favor of the conservation of oceanic intertidal reefs.
Deciphering the biology of Cryptophyllachora eurasiatica gen. et sp. nov., an often cryptic pathogen of an allergenic weed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Authors: Kiss Levente , Kovács Gábor M. , Bóka Károly , Bohár Gyula , Bohárné Krisztina Varga , Németh Márk Z. , Takamatsu Susumu , Shin Hyeon-Dong , Hayova Vera , Nischwitz Claudia , Seier Marion K. , Evans Harry C. , Cannon Paul F. , Ash Gavin James , Shivas Roger G. , Müller-Schärer Heinz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA little known, unculturable ascomycete, referred to asPhyllachora ambrosiae, can destroy the inflorescences ofAmbrosia artemisiifolia, an invasive agricultural weed and producer of highly allergenic pollen. The fungus often remains undetectable in ragweed populations. This work was conducted to understand its origin and pathogenesis, a prerequisite to consider its potential as a biocontrol agent. The methods used included light and transmission electron microscopy, nrDNA sequencing, phylogenetic analyses, artificial inoculations, and the examination of old herbarium and recent field specimens from Hungary, Korea, Ukraine and USA. The Eurasian and the North American specimens of this fungus were to represent two distinct, although closely related lineages that were only distantly related to other lineages within theAscomycota. Consequently, we describe a new genus that includesCryptophyllachora eurasiaticagen. et sp. nov. andC. ambrosiaecomb. nov., respectively. The pathogenesis ofC. eurasiaticawas shown inA. artemisiifolia. No evidence was found for either seed-borne transmission or systemic infection. Two hypotheses were developed to explain the interaction betweenC. eurasiaticaandA. artemisiifolia: (i) as yet undetected seed-borne transmissions and latent, systemic infections; or (ii) alternative hosts.
Electric pulse characteristics can enable species recognition in African weakly electric fish species
Authors: Nagel Rebecca , Kirschbaum Frank , Hofmann Volker , Engelmann Jacob , Tiedemann Ralph 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCommunication is key to a wide variety of animal behaviours and multiple modalities are often involved in this exchange of information from sender to receiver. The communication of African weakly electric fish, however, is thought to be predominantly unimodal and is mediated by their electric sense, in which species-specific electric organ discharges (EODs) are generated in a context-dependent and thus variable sequence of pulse intervals (SPI). While the primary function of the electric sense is considered to be electrolocation, both of its components likely carry information regarding identity of the sender. However, a clear understanding of their contribution to species recognition is incomplete. We therefore analysed these two electrocommunication components (EOD waveform and SPI statistics) in two sympatric mormyrid Campylomormyrus species. In a set of five playback conditions, we further investigated which components may drive interspecific recognition and discrimination. While we found that both electrocommunication components are species-specific, the cues necessary for species recognition differ between the two species studied. While the EOD waveform and SPI were both necessary and sufficient for species recognition in C. compressirostris males, C. tamandua males apparently utilize other, non-electric modalities. Mapped onto a recent phylogeny, our results suggest that discrimination by electric cues alone may be an apomorphic trait evolved during a recent radiation in this taxon.
Vitamin D, Folate and the Intracranial Volume in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls
Authors: Gurholt Tiril P. , Osnes Kåre , Nerhus Mari , Jørgensen Kjetil N. , Lonning Vera , Berg Akiah O. , Andreassen Ole A. , Melle Ingrid , Agartz Ingrid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVitamin D and folate deficiency are considered risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, but it is unknown how vitamin D and folate influence the growing brain, cranium or the clinical phenotype. Serum vitamin D and folate levels are in part genetically regulated. We investigated whether adult vitamin D and folate levels are associated with the intracranial volume (ICV) under the hypothesis that developmental vitamin D or folate levels influence neurodevelopment and that current levels are associated with ICV. Ninety patients with severe mental disorders and 91 healthy controls underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging and serum sampling. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the contribution of serum vitamin D, folate and patient-control status on ICV. We show that vitamin D levels were within lower range for patients and controls (48.8 ± 22.1 nmol/l and 53.4 ± 20.0 nmol/l, respectively). A significant positive association was found between vitamin D and ICV (p = 0.003, r = 0.22), folate was trend-significantly associated with ICV. Folate and vitamin D were significantly associated (p = 0.0001, r = 0.28). There were nonsignificant patient-control differences and no interaction effects. The results suggest that Vitamin D is associated with ICV as detected in the adult. Further studies are warranted for replication and to investigate possible mechanisms and genetic associations.
Molecular characterization and functional differentiation of three pheromone-binding proteins from Tryporyza intacta
Authors: Fang Nainai , Hu Yuwei , Mao Bin , Bi Jie , Zheng Ya , Guan Chuxiong , Wang Yufeng , Li Jihu , Mao Yongkai , Ai Hui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInsect pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) have been proposed to capture and transport hydrophobic sex pheromone components emitted by con-specific insects to pheromone receptors in the hemolymph of male antennal sensilla. In this study, field trapping results indicate that a mixture of E11–16: Ald and Z11–16: Ald can effectively attract a great number of male Tryporyza intacta. Real-time PCR results suggest that the transcript levels of three TintPBP1-3 genes are mainly expressed in the adult antennae. Fluorescence competitive binding experiments show that TintPBP1-3 proteins have great binding affinities to their major sex pheromones. Moreover, TintPBPs clearly cannot bind to other four kinds of sex pheromone components released by another sugarcane borer, Chilo venosatus and Chilo infuscatellu, which have the same host plant and live in similar habitats like T. intacta. The molecular docking results demonstrate that six amino acid residues of the three TintPBPs are crucial for the specific perception of the sex pheromone components. These results will provide a foundation for the development of novel sex pheromone analogues and blocking agents for biological control of sugarcane pests, improving their efficient monitoring and integrated management strategies in the sugarcane field.
Optical calibration and performance of the adaptive secondary mirror at the Magellan telescope
Authors: Briguglio Runa , Quirós-Pacheco Fernando , Males Jared R. , Xompero Marco , Riccardi Armando , Close Laird M. , Morzinski Katie M. , Esposito Simone , Pinna Enrico , Puglisi Alfio , Schatz Lauren , Miller Kelsey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper we describe the procedure for the optical calibration of large size deformable mirrors, acting as wavefront correctors for adaptive optics systems. Adaptive optics compensate the disturbance due to the atmospheric turbulence to restore the telescope resolution. We will showcase in particular the activities performed for the Adaptive Secondary Mirror (ASM) of the Magellan Adaptive Optics system (MagAO), which is an instrument for the 6.5 m Magellan Clay Telescope, located at Las Campanas Observatory, in Chile. The MagAO ASM calibration is part of the MagAO-2K project, a major MagAO upgrade that started in 2016 with the goal of boosting adaptive optics (AO) correction at visible wavelengths to image exoplanets. For the first time, the optical quality of MagAO mirror is reported. We describe the procedures developed to achieve high SNR interferometric measurements of the ASM modes under the presence of dome convection noise and telescope vibrations. These measurements were required to produce an improved control matrix with up to 500 modes to close the AO loop on sky with enhanced performances. An updated slaving algorithm was developed to improve the control of actuators vignetted by the central obscuration. The calibrations yielded also a new ASM flattening command, updating the one in use since the MagAO commissioning in 2013. With the new flattening command, a 22 nm RMS surface error was achieved. Finally, we present on-sky results showing the MagAO performance achieved with the new calibrations.
A combined computational-experimental approach to define the structural origin of antibody recognition of sialyl-Tn, a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen
Authors: Amon Ron , Grant Oliver C. , Leviatan Ben-Arye Shani , Makeneni Spandana , Nivedha Anita K. , Marshanski Tal , Norn Christoffer , Yu Hai , Glushka John N. , Fleishman Sarel J. , Chen Xi , Woods Robert J. , Padler-Karavani Vered 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) hold great promise as cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. However, their specificity can be mixed, and detailed characterization is problematic, because antibody-glycan complexes are challenging to crystallize. Here, we developed a generalizable approach employing high-throughput techniques for characterizing the structure and specificity of such mAbs, and applied it to the mAb TKH2 developed against the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Tn (STn). The mAb specificity was defined by apparent KDvalues determined by quantitative glycan microarray screening. Key residues in the antibody combining site were identified by site-directed mutagenesis, and the glycan-antigen contact surface was defined using saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR). These features were then employed as metrics for selecting the optimal 3D-model of the antibody-glycan complex, out of thousands plausible options generated by automated docking and molecular dynamics simulation. STn-specificity was further validated by computationally screening of the selected antibody 3D-model against the human sialyl-Tn-glycome. This computational-experimental approach would allow rational design of potent antibodies targeting carbohydrates.
Symbiodinium genomes reveal adaptive evolution of functions related to coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis
Authors: Liu Huanle , Stephens Timothy G. , González-Pech Raúl A. , Beltran Victor H. , Lapeyre Bruno , Bongaerts Pim , Cooke Ira , Aranda Manuel , Bourne David G. , Forêt Sylvain , Miller David J. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Voolstra Christian R. , Ragan Mark A. , Chan Cheong Xin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSymbiosis between dinoflagellates of the genusSymbiodiniumand reef-building corals forms the trophic foundation of the world’s coral reef ecosystems. Here we present the first draft genome ofSymbiodinium goreaui(Clade C, type C1: 1.03 Gbp), one of the most ubiquitous endosymbionts associated with corals, and an improved draft genome ofSymbiodinium kawagutii(Clade F, strain CS-156: 1.05 Gbp) to further elucidate genomic signatures of this symbiosis. Comparative analysis of four availableSymbiodiniumgenomes against other dinoflagellate genomes led to the identification of 2460 nuclear gene families (containing 5% ofSymbiodiniumgenes) that show evidence of positive selection, including genes involved in photosynthesis, transmembrane ion transport, synthesis and modification of amino acids and glycoproteins, and stress response. Further, we identify extensive sets of genes for meiosis and response to light stress. These draft genomes provide a foundational resource for advancing our understanding of Symbiodiniumbiology and the coral-algal symbiosis.
Maternal SSRIs experience and risk of ASD in offspring: a review
Authors: Fatima Zainab , Zahra Aqeela , Ghouse Maria , Wang Xu , Yuan Zonghui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAntidepressants are extensively used during pregnancy and associated with severe outcomes, including innate malformations, prematurity, and low birth weight, etc. A recent study suggested that prenatal exposure to antidepressants may impair child neurodevelopment process. Thus, the aim of this review is to investigate the potential association between prenatal use of selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Twelve studies related to the linkage between SSRI exposure during pregnancy and ASD in children were explored and compiled. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning the potential link between gestational exposure to antidepressants and the risk of ASDs. Despite such limitations, the available data show that some signal exists and signifies that antenatal exposure to SSRIs may increase the risk of ASDs. Thus, there is a vital need for further, large and well-designed research to definitively evaluate the existence and the magnitude of this severe risk.