bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic evaluation of the Liverpool heart failure virtual ward model
Authors: Rasoul Debar , Chattopadhyay Ipsita , Mayer Tony , West Jenni , Stollar Hadleigh , Black Casey , Oguguo Emeka , Kaur Rosie , MacDonald Rachael , Pocock Jessica , Uzdzinska Barbara , Umpleby Bethany , Hex Nick , Lip Gregory Yoke Hong , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
A virtual ward (VW) supports patients who would otherwise need hospitalization by providing acute care, remote monitoring, investigations, and treatment at home. By March 2024, the VW programme had treated 10 950 patients across six speciality VWs, including heart failure (HF). This evaluation presents the economic assessment of the Liverpool HF VW.

Method and results
A comprehensive economic cost comparison model was developed by the York Health Economics Consortium (University of York) to compare the costs of the VW to standard hospital inpatient care [standard care (SC)]. The model included direct VW costs and additional costs across the care pathway. Costs and resource use for 648 patients admitted to the HF VW were calculated for 30 days post-discharge and total cohort costs were extrapolated to a full year. Primary outcomes included costs related to length of stay, readmissions, and NHS 111 contact. The total cost for the HF VW pathway, including set-up costs, was £467 524. This results in an incremental net cost benefit of £735 512 compared with the total SC cost of £1 203 036, indicating a substantial net cost benefit of £1135 per patient per episode (PPPE). This advantage remains despite initial setup expenses and ongoing costs such as home visits, virtual consultations, point-of-care testing, and home monitoring equipment.

Conclusion
Our HF VW model offers a substantial net cost benefit, driven by reduced hospital stays, fewer emergency department visits, and lower readmission rates. The study highlights the importance of considering system-wide impacts and continuous monitoring of VWs as they develop.
Psoriasis and risk of new-onset degenerative valvular heart disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Zuoxiang , Lv Junxing , Zhao Sheng , Yin Zheng , Shi Wence , Feng Dejing , Wang Can , Li Ziang , Gao Xiaojin , Wu Yongjian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent evidence indicates that degenerative valvular heart disease (VHD) and psoriasis share overlapping risk factors and simultaneous presence of inflammation, yet this relationship has not been thoroughly explored.

Methods and results
Drawing on the prospective cohort data from the UK Biobank, baseline information on psoriasis and the incidence of eight specific types of degenerative VHD—aortic stenosis (AS), aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary stenosis, and pulmonary regurgitation—during the follow-up period were recorded. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to estimate the association between psoriasis and the risk of degenerative VHD, adjusted for demographic indicators, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and medication. A total of 494 510 participants were included in the study. Among the participants without psoriasis, 13 672 events of degenerative VHD were observed during a median follow-up of 13.78 years, yielding an incidence rate of 2.14 per 1000 person-years. In contrast, in the psoriasis group (n = 10 917), 422 events of degenerative VHD were reported during a median follow-up of 13.70 years, corresponding to an incidence rate of 2.93 per 1000 person-years. After fully adjusting, participants with psoriasis had a significantly increased risk of AS (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.43), yet no significant associations were observed between psoriasis and the risk of other degenerative valve diseases. In sex subgroup analyses, there was an interaction between sex and psoriasis in the occurrence of AS (P for interaction = 0.039), suggesting a high risk in women.

Conclusions
Psoriasis was significantly associated with the risk of new-onset AS and may be more distinct in females, while no significant associations were observed between psoriasis and the risk of developing other degenerative valve diseases.
Structural Diversity and Distribution of Nuclear Matrix Constituent Protein Class Nuclear Lamina Proteins in Streptophytic Algae
Authors: Kosztyo Brendan S , Richards Eric J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nuclear matrix constituent proteins in plants function like animal lamins, providing the structural foundation of the nuclear lamina and regulating nuclear organization and morphology. Although they are well characterized in angiosperms, the presence and structure of nuclear matrix constituent proteins in more distantly related species, such as streptophytic algae, are relatively unknown. The rapid evolution of nuclear matrix constituent proteins throughout the plant lineage has caused a divergence in protein sequence that makes similarity-based searches less effective. Structural features are more likely to be conserved compared to primary amino acid sequence; therefore, we developed a filtration protocol to search for diverged nuclear matrix constituent proteins based on four physical characteristics: intrinsically disordered content, isoelectric point, number of amino acids, and the presence of a central coiled-coil domain. By setting parameters to recognize the properties of bona fide nuclear matrix constituent protein proteins in angiosperms, we filtered eight complete proteomes from streptophytic algae species and identified strong nuclear matrix constituent protein candidates in six taxa in the Classes Zygnematophyceae, Charophyceae, and Klebsormidiophyceae. Through analysis of these proteins, we observed structural variance in domain size between nuclear matrix constituent proteins in algae and land plants, as well as a single block of amino acid conservation. Our analysis indicates that nuclear matrix constituent proteins are absent in the Mesostigmatophyceae. The presence versus absence of nuclear matrix constituent protein proteins does not correlate with the distribution of different forms of mitosis (e.g. closed/semi-closed/open) but does correspond to the transition from unicellularity to multicellularity in the streptophytic algae, suggesting that a nuclear matrix constituent protein-based nucleoskeleton plays important roles in supporting cell-to-cell interactions.
Galvanic distortion decomposition of magnetotelluric impedance tensors in 1-D electrical anisotropic media
Authors: Dai Tianyi , Li Yuguo , Shao Guihang , Lu Jie 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
The electromagnetic (EM) local distortion of the transfer function due to shallow small-scale inhomogeneities hinders the accurate interpretation of magnetotelluric (MT) data. Under the assumption that regional subsurface structures are electrically isotropic, decomposition techniques of the MT impedance tensor that focus on the galvanic distortion of the electric field have been well developed. In this paper, we present a decomposition method of MT impedance tensors over a regional 1-D conductivity anisotropic Earth, in which the galvanic distortion of both the electric and the associated magnetic fields are taken into account. An eigenparameter analysis is introduced to evaluate the intrinsic indeterminacy of magnetic distortion parameters. Regional anisotropic responses and EM distortion parameters are resolved by using a modified BFGS (Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno) quasi-Newton algorithm combined with phase tensor analysis and the trust region method. In the presence of near-surface anisotropic inhomogeneities, synthetic 2-D data show an accentuated magnetic galvanic effect in the response tensors especially in the diagonal components probably due to the infinite extension in the strike direction. However, the magnetic galvanic distortion is not significant in synthetic 3-D models. The decomposition scheme is also applied to the analysis of the BC87 data set collected in southeastern British Columbia to investigate both the electric and magnetic field galvanic distortion.
The Call of the Serpentine
Authors: Smith Georgia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
From the 4th October to the 2nd February 2025, the Serpentine hosts Holly Hernden and Mat Dryhurst's The Call. This pioneering artwork is a striking audiovisual experience which concerns itself with some of the central ethical questions of generative AI today: who owns us and what we create? And how do we navigate the new world of AI in all its versatility? Georgia Smith MBCS reports.
Beyond Selective Justice
Authors: Kasande Sarah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the wake of the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) conviction and sentencing of Dominic Ongwen, this article explores the complex justice landscape in Uganda. It examines how the ICC’s selective focus on the crimes of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) and its reluctance to investigate and prosecute alleged crimes committed by soldiers of the Uganda Peoples’ Defence Forces (UPDF) continue to shape the trajectory of justice in Uganda and how this has contributed to the failure to investigate and prosecute UPDF atrocities in Uganda’s courts, thereby denying justice to victims of these atrocities. While Dominic Ongwen’s conviction represents a step forward in providing acknowledgement and redress to a fraction of the victims in Northern Uganda, it also underscores the broader justice deficit in Uganda. The article emphasizes the need to bridge the justice gap by implementing credible justice and accountability mechanisms that hold all perpetrators accountable, including state actors, while ensuring timely and adequate reparations for victims.
Mechanism of traditional drug treatment of cancer-related ascites: through the regulation of IL-6/JAK-STAT3 pathway
Authors: Sun Yehan , Zhang Pengcheng , Ma Jia , Chen Youmou , Huo Xingxing , Song Hang , Zhu Yongfu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
Our clinical observation found that JiJiaoLiHuang Pill (JJLH), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, can significantly reduce the abdominal circumference of patients with malignant ascites, increase urine output, and improve the quality of life of patients, with preliminary efficacy. But, the exact mechanism is not yet clear.

Objective
Based on the above observations, the potential mechanism of action of the treatment was preliminarily explored.

Methods
We identified active ingredients by constructing a “Chinese medicine ingredient-key target-target” network, and verified them by molecular docking using AutoDock tools and PyMOL. Finally, we conducted preliminary verification of the validated pathways and targets using a mouse model of liver cancer ascites.

Results
Network pharmacology analysis obtained the top five active ingredients were quercetin, EUPATIN, kaempferol, Obtucarbamate B, and isorhamnetin and the top five key genes were SRC, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, STAT3, and PIK3CA. Molecular docking showed that all 5 active compounds were closely bound to key target genes (binding energy &lt;−6). The animal experiment results showed that JJLH can significantly reduce abdominal circumference, increase urine output, and exhibit dose-dependent inhibition of the AQP-3/JAK-STAT-3 signaling pathway and the expression of related inflammatory factors.

Conclusions
The JJLH potentially inhibits the recurrence of liver cancer malignant ascites through the AQP-3/JAK-STAT-3 pathway and affects the prognosis of MA patients.
The regulatory effects of mitragynine on P-glycoprotein transporter
Authors: Abduraman Muhammad Asyraf , Amanah Azimah , Hamid Shahrul Bariyah Sahul , Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman Leong , Sulaiman Shaida Fariza , Tan Mei Lan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Kratom preparation containing Mitragyna speciosa Korth plant is frequently used as a recreational drug. Mitragynine, a major alkaloid isolated from M. speciosa, is often detected concurrently with other drugs during forensic analysis, indicating a safety concern. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a multidrug transporter. Modulation of P-gp transport activity by drugs or herbal compounds in the brain may lead to drug-herb interactions, resulting in neurotoxicity. We aim to determine the effects of mitragynine on the P-gp regulation and possible neurotoxicity.

Methods
The effects of mitragynine on the P-gp regulation were investigated in human brain capillary endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) using molecular docking and dynamic simulation and an optimized bidirectional transport assay, respectively. Repeated-dose treatment and neurotoxicity assessment were carried out using a blood–brain barrier model and polimerase chain reaction (PCR) array.

Key findings
Mitragynine inhibits the P-gp transport activity via binding onto the nucleotide-binding domain site and forms a stable interaction with the P-gp protein complex. Nontoxic concentrations of mitragynine (&lt;4 μM) and substrate drugs (0.001 μM) in the cells significantly enhanced endothelial cell permeability and elicited signs of neurotoxicity in PC-12 cells.

Conclusions
Mitragynine is likely a P-gp inhibitor, hence concurrent administration of kratom products with P-gp substrates may lead to clinically significant interactions and neurotoxicity.
Exploring Structural Anisotropy in Amorphous Tb-Co via Changes in Medium-Range Ordering
Authors: Kennedy Ellis , Hollingworth Emily , Ceballos Alejandro , O’Mahoney Daisy , Ophus Colin , Hellman Frances , Scott Mary 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Amorphous thin films grown by magnetron co-sputtering exhibit changes in atomic structure with varying growth and annealing temperatures. Structural variations influence the bulk properties of the films. Scanning nanodiffraction performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is applied to amorphous Tb17Co83 (a-Tb-Co) films deposited over a range of temperatures to measure relative changes in medium-range ordering (MRO). These measurements reveal an increase in MRO with higher growth temperatures and a decrease in MRO with higher annealing temperatures. The trend in MRO indicates a relationship between the growth conditions and local atomic ordering. By tilting select films, the TEM measures variations in the local atomic structure as a function of orientation within the films. The findings support claims that preferential ordering along the growth direction results from temperature-mediated adatom configurations during deposition, and that oriented MRO correlates with increased structural anisotropy, explaining the strong growth-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy found in rare earth–transition metal films. Beyond magnetic films, we propose the tilted FEM workflow as a method of extracting anisotropic structural information in a variety of amorphous materials with directionally dependent bulk properties, such as films with inherent bonding asymmetry grown by physical vapor deposition.
Detectability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of WASP-6 b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM
Authors: Grübel Fabian , Molaverdikhani Karan , Ercolano Barbara , Rab Christian , Trapp Oliver , Dubey Dwaipayan , Arenales-Lope Rosa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been detected throughout the Universe where they play essential roles in the evolution of their environments. For example, they are believed to affect atmospheric loss rates of close-in planets and might contribute to the pre-biotic chemistry and emergence of life. Despite their importance, the study of PAHs in exoplanet atmospheres has been limited. We aim to evaluate the possibility of detecting PAHs on exoplanets considering future observations using JWST’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph PRISM mode. The hot Saturn WASP-6 b shows properties that are consistent with a potential PAH presence and is thus used as a case study for this work. Here, we compare the likelihoods of various synthetic haze species and their combinations with the influence of PAHs on the transmission spectrum of WASP-6 b. This is possible by applying the atmospheric retrieval code petitradtrans to a collection of data from previous observations. Subsequently, by exploring synthetic, single transit JWST spectra of this planet that include PAHs, we assess whether these molecules can be detected in the near future. Previous observations support the presence of cloud/haze species in the spectrum of WASP-6 b. While this may include PAHs, the current data do not confirm their existence unambiguously. Our research suggests that utilizing the JWST for future observations could lead to a notable advancement in the study of PAHs. Employing this telescope, we find that a PAH abundance of approximately 0.1 per cent of the interstellar medium value could be robustly detectable.
A catalogue of binary stars from phase modulation in the first four years of TESS mission photometry
Authors: Dholakia Shishir , Murphy Simon J , Huang Chelsea X , Venner Alexander , Wright Duncan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a catalogue of binary companions to $\delta$ Scuti stars, detected through phase modulations of their pulsations in Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. Pulsation timing has provided orbits for hundreds of pulsating stars in binaries from space-based photometry. We have applied this technique to $\delta$ Sct stars observed in the first four years of TESS mission photometry. We searched the 2-min cadence light curves of 1161 short-period instability strip pulsators for variations in pulsation phase caused by the dynamical influence of an unseen companion. We discovered 53 new binaries and we present orbital parameters and mass functions for the 24 systems with solvable orbits. For the brightest star in our sample $\alpha$ Pictoris, we perform a joint fit of the pulsation timing and Hipparcos astrometry. We present the first orbit for the $\alpha$ Pictoris system, obtaining an orbital period of 1316 $\pm$ 2 d and a mass for $\alpha$ Pic B of 1.05 $\pm$ 0.05 M$_\odot$. We revisit pulsation timing binaries from Kepler with Gaia kinematics, finding four systems that are members of the Galactic thick disc or halo. This suggests that they have been rejuvenated by mass transfer, and their companions are now white dwarfs. Further follow-up of these systems may yield valuable constraints of the Galactic blue straggler population.
Characterizing high and low accretion states in VY Scl CVs using ZTF and TESS data
Authors: Duffy C , Wu Kinwah , Ramsay G , Wood Matt A , Mason Paul A , Hakala Pasi , Steeghs D 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
VY Scl binaries are a sub-class of cataclysmic variable (CV) which show extended low states, but do not show outbursts which are seen in other classes of CV. To better determine how often these systems spend in low states and to resolve the state transitions we have analysed Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) data on eight systems and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data on six systems. Half of the sample spent most of the time in a high state; three show a broad range and one spends roughly half the time transitioning between high and low states. Using the ZTF data, we explore the colour variation as a function of brightness. In KR Aur, we identify a series of repeating outburst events whose brightness appears to increase over time. Using TESS data, we searched for periods other than the orbital. In LN UMa, we find evidence for a peak whose period varies between 3 and 6 d. We outline the current models which aim to explain the observed properties of VY Scl systems which includes disc irradiation and a white dwarf having a significant magnetic field.
Nuclear burning in an accretion flow around a stellar-mass black hole embedded within an AGN disc
Authors: Tang Zifan , Luo Yang , Wang Jian-Min 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
A stellar-mass black hole, embedded within the accretion disc of an active galactic nuclei (AGN), has the potential to accrete gas at a rate that can reach approximately ${\sim}10^9$ times the Eddington limit. This study explores the potential for nuclear burning in the rapidly accreting flow towards this black hole and studies how nucleosynthesis affects metal production. Using numerical methods, we have obtained the disc structure while considering nuclear burning and assessed the stability of the disc. In contrast to gas accretion onto the surface of a neutron star or white dwarf, the disc remains stable against the thermal and secular instabilities because advection cooling offsets the nuclear heating effects. The absence of a solid surface for a black hole prevents excessive mass accumulation in the inner disc region. Notably, nuclear fusion predominantly takes place in the inner disc region, resulting in substantial burning of $\rm ^{12}C$ and $\rm ^{3}He$, particularly for black holes around $M = 10\,{\rm M}_\odot$ with accretion rates exceeding approximately ${\sim}10^7$ times the Eddington rate. The ejection of carbon-depleted gas through outflows can lead to an increase in the mass ratio of oxygen or nitrogen to carbon, which may be reflected in observed line ratios such as N v/C iv and O iv/C iv. Consequently, these elevated spectral line ratios could be interpreted as indications of supersolar metallicity in the broad-line region.
PharmFreq: a comprehensive atlas of ethnogeographic allelic variation in clinically important pharmacogenes
Authors: Tremmel Roman , Zhou Yitian , Camara Mahamadou D , Laarif Sofiene , Eliasson Erik , Lauschke Volker M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters as well as in genes encoding the human major histocompatibility complex contribute to inter-individual differences in drug efficacy and safety. The extent, pattern and complexity of such pharmacogenetic variation differ drastically across human populations. Here, we present PharmFreq, a global repository of pharmacogenetic frequency information that aggregates frequency data of 658 allelic variants from over 10 million individuals collected from &gt;1200 studies across 144 countries. Most investigations were conducted in East Asian and European populations, accounting for 29.4 and 26.6% of all studies, respectively. We find that the number of studies per country and aggregated cohort size correlated significantly with population size (R = 0.55, P= 3*10−9) and country gross domestic product (R = 0.43, P= 2*10−6) with overall population coverage varying between 5% in Estonia to &lt; 0.001% in many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. All frequency data are openly accessible via a web-based interactive dashboard at pharmfreq.com that facilitates the exploration, visualization and analysis of country- and population-specific data and their inferred phenotypic consequences. PharmFreq thus presents a comprehensive, freely available resource for pharmacogenetic variant frequencies that can inform about ethnogeographic pharmacogenomic diversity and reveal important inequities that help to focus future research efforts into underrepresented populations.