bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF SPELEONECTES EPILIMNIUS (REMIPEDIA, SPELEONECTIDAE) FROM SURFACE WATER OF AN ANCHIALINE CAVE ON SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, BAHAMAS
Authors: Carpenter Jerry 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Speleonectes epilimnius (described earlier in this issue), was observed at the surface of cave pools and in the laboratory. This unique cave habitat for remipedes is described. Videotapes of six live specimens shot under a microscope provided the only detailed observations to date for feeding, grooming, and resting behaviors for remipedes. During feeding, maxillae 1 and 2 held food tightly while repeatedly piercing, scratching, and rotating it; they periodically moved food to the mandibles, which rapidly chewed off tissue in typical crustacean fashion. Peristalsis moved food throughout the midgut and to diverticula of trunk segments, but not to the anal segment. Several structures were used in grooming. Antenna 1 was groomed by power strokes of anterior swimming appendages. Antenna 2 and frontal filaments groomed each other. Maxillae 1-2 and maxillipeds groomed the mouth area, posterior third of the body, and each other.
Speleonectes epilimnius (decrit precedemment dans ce fascicule), a ete observe dans une grotte a la surface des bassins d'eau souterraines et au laboratoire. Cet habitat de grotte, unique pour les remipedes est decrit. Les enregistrements videos, realises au microscope sur six specimens vivants ont fourni les seules observations detailees a ce jour sur les comportements d'alimentation, de toilettage et de repos chez les remipedes. Au cours de la prise de nourriture, les maxilles 1 et 2 maintiennent la nourriture fermement pendant qu'elle est percee, grattee, retournee; elles portent periodiquement la nourriture aux mandibules qui rapidement mastiquent les tissus d'une facon typique chez les crustaces. Des mouvements peristaltiques font avancer la nourriture a travers l'intestin moyen et vers les diverticules des segments du tronc, mais pas jusqu'au segment anal. Plusieurs structures sont utilisees pour le toilettage. L'antennule est nettoyee grace a de puissants coups des appendices natatoires anterieurs. L'antenne et les filaments frontaux se nettoient les uns les autres. Les premieres et deuxiemes maxilles et les maxillipedes nettoient la region buccale, le tiers posterieur du corps et egalement se nettoient reciproquement.
Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of late Cretaceous bentonite deposits of the Kelkit Valley Region, northern Turkey
Authors: Yalçin H. , Gümüşer G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLate Cretaceous bentonitic clays in the Kelkit Valley region of Turkey are composed of an alternation of limestone lenses and silicified tuff nodule-bearing pyroclastic rocks and their alteration products. Quartz, feldspar, biotite, trace amounts of augite together with pumice and volcanic rock fragments comprise the volcanogenic components. Diagenetic minerals are represented by clay, calcite, opal-CT, zeoliteand dolomite. The clay fraction is dominated by smectite and lesser amounts of I-S, illite, chlorite and kaolinite. Thed001basal spacing of dioctahedral smectites ranges from 12.51 to 12.55Å in Na-smectites and 14.97 to 15.52 A˚in Ca-smectites. The CaO/Na2O ratio of smectites ranges from 0.15 to 19.50, and the interlayer Na and Ca contents are 0.22–0.30 in beidellitesand 0.02–0.09 while those in montmorillonites are 0.01–0.13 and 0.03–0.15, respectively. The data obtained indicate that bentonites formed in a marine environment by the alteration of volcanic ash of rhyodacitic/dacitic and intermediate/acidic composition.
Formation of gibbsite in the presence of 2:1 minerals: an example from Ultisols of northeast India
Authors: Bhattacharyya T. , Pal D. K. , Srivastava P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThere are two different views regarding the genesis of gibbsite in tropical acid soils: (1) direct weathering of primary Al-silicate minerals; and (2) transformation through clay mineral intermediates. We investigated the genesis of gibbsite in two representative Ultisols from northeastern India. Gibbsite in these Ultisols appears to be the remnant of earlier weathering products of aluminosilicate minerals formed in a neutral to alkaline pedochemical environment. The mere presence of gibbsite in these soils, therefore, does not indicate their advanced stage of weathering. The formation of typically rod-shaped and well-crystallized gibbsite in both the coarse and fine soil fractions in the presence of large amounts of 2:1 minerals indicates that the anti-gibbsite hypothesis may not be tenable in these tropical acid soils. A schematic model for the formation of gibbsite and kaolin in Ultisols is proposed.
Intercalation of an amphiphilic azobenzene derivative into the interlayer space of a layered silicate, magadiite
Authors: Ogawa M. , Yamamoto M. , Kuroda K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIntercalation of an ammonium amphiphile having an azobenzene chromophore, 4-dodecyloxy-4 ‘-(trimethylammoniopentyloxy)azobenzene and 4-(ω-trimethylammoniodecyloxy) -p’- (octyloxy)azobenzene bromide, into the layered silicate magadiite (ideal formula Na2Si14O29·nH2O) was carried out by a conventional ion exchange reaction in an aqueous medium. An intercalation compound with the ideal formula {(C12AzoC5N+)1.4H0.6·Si14O29·nH2O} was obtained. Based on the change in the basal spacing (to 4.21 nm) after the reaction and the visible absorption spectrum of the product, the intercalated azo dyes appear to form a J-aggregate in the interlayer space of magadiite. Under UV and visible light irradiation, the intercalated azo chromophore exhibited reversible transcis isomerization in the interlayer space of magadiite. This is the first successful report of photochemical reactions of guest species in the interlayer space of magadiite.
Degradation of phosphatic waste forms incorporating long-lived radioactive isotopes
Authors: Read D. , Williams C. T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper provides a brief perspective on synthetic, phosphate-based waste forms for high level radioactive waste (HLW). Evidence in support of their long-term stability is then discussed by reference to the degradation of natural monazites with emphasis on the fate of released uranium, thorium and the rare earths (REE). It is apparent that the REE can be mobilized and fractionated at temperatures anticipated in a HLW repository (∼200°C). This provides an indication of the likely fate of the trivalent actinides (Am(III), Cm(III)) if incorporated in similar matrices. Thorium, though released on alteration of monazite, tends to re-concentrate locally in secondary, microcrystalline phases. In relative terms, U is readily removed from monazites. Although it can be re-concentrated in alteration products, the potential exists for substantial loss of U to groundwater. The findings of this research have important implications for the performance of radioactive waste disposal systems where there is a clear need for improved chemical data to describe the precipitation-dissolution of phosphate phases. It is concluded that monazite-like ceramics designed for the containment of HLW will retain tetravalent actinides but may release uranium in response to natural degradative processes.
Longitudinal analysis of T-cell receptor gene use by CD8+ T cells in early human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Schito Anna M. , Vittinghoff Eric , Hecht Frederick M. , Elkins Mary K. , Kahn James O. , Levy Jay A. , Oksenberg Jorge R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effects of early antiretroviral therapy on the peripheral CD8+ T-cell population were assessed by sequentially determining the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire complexity in a cohort of 15 individuals recently diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Analysis was based on quantitative TCR variable B gene (TCRBV) usage and complementary-determining region 3 length assessment. Repertories were assessed at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 12, 24, and 72 after initiation of therapy. Early administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy has a positive effect on the preservation and homeostasis of the CD8+ cell repertoire. Nevertheless, differences from average baseline and control TCR profiles and initial development of repertoire perturbations were observed. The findings suggest that additional therapeutic protocols will be required during primary infection to significantly prevent long-term erosion of the T-cell–mediated immune response.
Efficient retrovirus-mediated PIG-A gene transfer and stable restoration of GPI-anchored protein expression in cells with the PNH phenotype
Authors: Nishimura Jun-ichi , Phillips Ken L. , Ware Russell E. , Hall Sharon , Wilson Lee , Gentry Tracy L. , Howard Thad A. , Murakami Yoshiko , Shibano Masaru , Machii Takashi , Gilboa Eli , Kanakura Yuzuru , Takeda Junji , Kinoshita Taroh , Rosse Wendell F. , Smith Clay A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis due to deficiencies of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in subpopulations of blood cells. Acquired mutations in the X-linked phosphatidylinositol glycan–class A (PIG-A) gene appear to be the characteristic and pathogenetic cause of PNH. To develop a gene therapy approach for PNH, a retroviral vector construct, termed MPIN, was made containing the PIG-A complementary DNA along with an internal ribosome entry site and the nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) as a selectable marker. MPIN transduction led to efficient and stable PIG-A and NGFR gene expression in a PIG-A–deficient B-cell line (JY5), a PIG-A–deficient K562 cell line, an Epstein-Barr virus–transformed B-cell line (TK-14−) established from a patient with PNH, as well as peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells from a patient with PNH. PIG-A expression in these cell lines stably restored GPI-AP expression. MPIN was transduced into bone marrow mononuclear cells from a patient with PNH, and myeloid/erythroid colonies and erythroid cells were derived. These transduced erythroid cells restored surface expression of GPI-APs and resistance to hemolysis. These results indicate that MPIN is capable of efficient and stable functional restoration of GPI-APs in a variety of PIG-A–deficient hematopoietic cell types. Furthermore, MPIN also transduced into PB CD34+ cells from a normal donor, indicating that MPIN can transduce primitive human progenitors. These findings set the stage for determining whether MPIN can restore PIG-A function in multipotential stem cells, thereby providing a potential new therapeutic option in PNH.
Targeting of the CD33-calicheamicin immunoconjugate Mylotarg (CMA-676) in acute myeloid leukemia: in vivo and in vitro saturation and internalization by leukemic and normal myeloid cells
Authors: van der Velden Vincent H. J. , te Marvelde Jeroen G. , Hoogeveen Patricia G. , Bernstein Irwin D. , Houtsmuller Adriaan B. , Berger Mark S. , van Dongen Jacques J. M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Antibody-targeted chemotherapy is a promising therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In a phase II study of Mylotarg (CMA-676, gemtuzumab ozogamicin), which consists of a CD33 antibody linked to calicheamicin, saturation and internalization by leukemic and normal myeloid cells were analyzed in 122 patients with relapsed AML. Peripheral blood samples were obtained just before and 3 and 6 hours after the start of the first and second Mylotarg treatment cycles. Within 3 to 6 hours after infusion, near complete saturation of CD33 antigenic sites by Mylotarg was reached for AML blasts, monocytes, and granulocytes, whereas Mylotarg did not bind to lymphocytes. Saturation levels prior to the start of the second Mylotarg treatment cycle were significantly increased compared with background levels before the start of the first cycle. This apparently was caused by remaining circulating Mylotarg from the first treatment cycle (∼2 weeks earlier). On binding of Mylotarg to the CD33 antigen, Mylotarg was rapidly internalized, as determined by the decrease in maximal surface membrane Mylotarg binding. Internalization of Mylotarg was also demonstrated in myeloid cells in vitro and was confirmed by confocal laser microscopy. In vitro studies using pulse labeling with Mylotarg showed a continuous renewed membrane expression of CD33 antigens, which can significantly increase the internalization process and thereby the intracellular accumulation of the drug. Finally, Mylotarg induced dose-dependent apoptosis in myeloid cells in vitro. These data indicate that Mylotarg is rapidly and specifically targeted to CD33+ cells, followed by internalization and subsequent induction of cell death.
Interleukin 11 significantly increases plasma von Willebrand factor and factor VIII in wild type and von Willebrand disease mouse models
Authors: Denis Cécile V. , Kwack Kyubum , Saffaripour Simin , Maganti Srinivas , André Patrick , Schaub Robert G. , Wagner Denisa D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-11 is a cytokine with thrombopoietic activity that has been shown to increase plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) in preliminary clinical studies. This led to further evaluation of the effect of recombinant human (rh)IL-11 on vWf and factor VIII (FVIII) secretion. In vitro, rhIL-11 did not increase vWf production by cultured endothelial cells, which suggests an indirect mechanism. Also, in vivo, plasma vWf was not elevated in mice shortly after a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection of 250 or 1000 μg/kg rhIL-11. The effect of continuous exposure to rhIL-11 was accessed by treating wild type mice for 7 consecutive days with subcutaneous 250 μg/kg/d rhIL-11. Platelet counts increased by 25% and 40% after 4 and 7 days, respectively. Plasma vWf and FVIII levels increased 2-fold after 4 and 7 days. Surprisingly, no effect of rhIL-11 on vWf or FVIII messenger RNA was observed, which suggests that the regulation by rhIL-11 occurs after transcription. No increase in soluble P-selectin was observed after rhIL-11 treatment, indicating that platelet activation is not the source of elevated vWf. Similarly to wild type mice, vWf heterozygous mice responded to rhIL-11 treatment by a significant increase in platelet counts and vWf and FVIII levels. Importantly, in vWf-deficient mice, rhIL-11 also induced a significant increase in FVIII independent of vWf and was able to reduce skin bleeding time. These results suggest that a clinical evaluation of the effects of rhIL-11–induced vWf/FVIII elevation in maintaining hemostasis in mild hemophilia A or von Willebrand disease would be worthwhile.
Activation and priming of neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and phospholipase A2 are dissociated by inhibitors of the kinases p42ERK2and p38SAPK and by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, the dual inhibitor of cytosolic and calcium-independent phospholipase A2
Authors: Mollapour Elahe , Linch David C. , Roberts Pamela J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractArachidonic acid (AA) generated by phospholipase A2(PLA2) is thought to be an essential cofactor for phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Both enzymes are simultaneously primed by cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α). The possibility that either unprimed or cytokine-primed responses of PLA2 or NADPH oxidase to the chemotactic agents formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and complement factor 5a (C5a) could be differentially inhibited by inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family members p42ERK2 (PD98059) and p38SAPK(SB203580) was investigated. PD98059 inhibited the activation of p42ERK2 by GM-CSF, TNF-α, and FMLP, but it did not inhibit FMLP-stimulated superoxide production in either unprimed or primed neutrophils. There was no significant arachidonate release from unprimed neutrophils stimulated by FMLP, and arachidonate release stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 was not inhibited by PD98059. In contrast, PD98059 inhibited both TNF-α– and GM-CSF–primed PLA2 responses stimulated by FMLP. On the other hand, SB203580 inhibited FMLP-superoxide responses in unprimed as well as TNF-α– and GM-CSF–primed neutrophils, but failed to inhibit TNF-α– and GM-CSF–primed PLA2 responses stimulated by FMLP, and additionally enhanced A23187-stimulated arachidonate release, showing that priming and activation of PLA2 and NADPH oxidase are differentially dependent on both the p38SAPK and p42ERK2 pathways. Studies using C5a as an agonist gave similar results and confirmed the findings with FMLP. In addition, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP), the dual inhibitor of c and iPLA2 enzymes, failed to inhibit superoxide production in primed cells at concentrations that inhibited arachidonate release. These data demonstrate that NADPH oxidase activity can be dissociated from AA generation and indicate a more complex role for arachidonate in neutrophil superoxide production.
Protection from lethal murine graft-versus-host disease without compromise of alloengraftment using transgenic donor T cells expressing a thymidine kinase suicide gene
Authors: Drobyski William R. , Morse Herbert C. , Burns William H. , Casper James T. , Sandford Gordon 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDonor T cells play a pivotal role in facilitating alloengraftment but also cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Ex vivo T-cell depletion (TCD) of donor marrow is the most effective strategy for reducing GVHD but can compromise engraftment. This study examined an approach whereby donor T cells are selectively eliminated in vivo after transplantation using transgenic mice in which a thymidine kinase(TK) suicide gene is targeted to the T cell using a CD3 promoter/enhancer construct. Lethally irradiated B10.BR mice transplanted with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–incompatible TCD C57BL/6 (B6) bone marrow (BM) plus TK+ T cells were protected from GVHD after treatment with ganciclovir (GCV) in a schedule-dependent fashion. To examine the effect of GCV treatment on alloengraftment, sublethally irradiated AKR mice underwent transplantation with TCD B6 BM plus limiting numbers (5 × 105) of B6 TK+ T cells. Animals treated with GCV had comparable donor engraftment but significantly reduced GVHD when compared with untreated mice. These mice also had a significantly increased number of donor splenic T cells when assessed 4 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. Thus, the administration of GCV did not render recipients T-cell deficient, but rather enhanced lymphocyte recovery. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from GCV-treated chimeric mice into secondary AKR recipients failed to cause GVHD indicating that donor T cells were tolerant of recipient alloantigens. These studies demonstrate that administration of TKgene–modified donor T cells can be used as an approach to mitigate GVHD without compromising alloengraftment.
Influence of the hematopoietic stem cell source on early immunohematologic reconstitution after allogeneic transplantation
Authors: Lapierre Valérie , Oubouzar Nadia , Aupérin Anne , Tramalloni Dominique , Tayebi Hakim , Robinet Eric , Kuentz Matthieu , Blaise Didier , Hartmann Olivier , Hervé Patrick , Tiberghien Pierre 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSeveral acute hemolysis episodes, sometimes lethal, have been recently described after transplantation of allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (PBHSCs). Hemolysis resulted from the production of donor-derived antibodies (Abs) directed at ABO antigens (Ags) present on recipient red blood cells (RBCs). A multicenter randomized phase III clinical study comparing allogeneic PBHSC transplantation (PBHSCT) versus bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (BMHSCT) has been conducted in France. In the course of this study, serum anti-A and/or anti-B Ab titers were compared before the conditioning regimen and on day +30 after transplantation in 49 consecutive evaluable PBHSCT (n = 21) or BMHSCT (n = 28) recipients. PBHSCT resulted in a higher frequency of increased anti-A and/or anti-B Ab titers 30 days after transplantation as compared to BMHSCT: 8 (38%) of 21 versus 3 (11%) of 28 (P = .04). In PBHSCT recipients, increased titers were observed mostly after receiving a minor ABO mismatch transplant: 5 of 7 versus 3 of 14 in the absence of any minor ABO mismatch (P = .05), whereas this was not the case after BMHSCT: 1 of 8 versus 2 of 20. Anti-A and/or anti-B serum Abs detectable at day +30 after PBHSCT were always directed against A and/or B Ags absent both on donor and recipient RBCs. Finally, 3 of 21 PBHSCT versus 0 of 28 BMHSCT recipients developed anti-allogeneic RBC Abs other than ABO (P = .07). Overall, the data strongly suggest that immunohematologic reconstitution differs significantly after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–mobilized PBHSCT when compared to BMHSCT. Such a difference could contribute to the acute hemolysis described after PBHSCT as well as to distinct alloreactivity after PBHSCT.
Iron transport in a lymphoid cell line with the hemochromatosis C282Y mutation
Authors: Chitambar Christopher R. , Wereley Janine P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe gene for hemochromatosis (HFE) is expressed in a variety of cells, including those not thought to be affected by this disease. The impact of HFE on iron transport was examined in B-lymphoid cell lines developed from a patient with hemochromatosis with the HFE C282Y mutation (C282Y cells) and an individual with the wild-type HFE gene (WT cells). Whereas both cell lines expressed HFE protein, C282Y cells displayed less HFE protein at the cell surface. Transferrin receptor (TfR) number was 2- to 3-fold greater in WT cells than in C282Y cells, while TfR affinity for transferrin (Tf) was slightly lower in C282Y cells. TfR distribution between intracellular and cell-surface compartments was similar in both cell lines. Iron uptake per cell was greater in WT cells but was not increased proportional to TfR number. When considered relative to cell-surface TfR number, however, iron uptake and Tf internalization were actually greater in C282Y cells. Surprisingly, Tf-independent iron uptake was also significantly greater in C282Y cells than in WT cells. The ferritin content of C282Y cells was approximately 40% that of WT cells. Exposure of cells to pro-oxidant conditions in culture led to a greater inhibition of proliferation in C282Y cells than in WT cells. Our results indicate that in this B-lymphoid cell line, the HFE C282Y mutation affects both Tf-dependent and -independent iron uptake and enhances cell sensitivity to oxidative stress. The role of HFE in iron uptake by B cells may extend beyond its known interaction with the TfR.
Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 functions as a ligand for P-selectin
Authors: Senczuk Anna M. , Reeder John C. , Kosmala Magda M. , Ho May 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe malarial protein Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a parasite protein that is exported to the surface of the infected erythrocyte, where it is inserted into the red cell cytoskeleton in the second half of the parasite life cycle. The surface expression of PfEMP1 coincides with the occurrence of the adhesion of infected erythrocytes to vascular endothelium. This protein has been shown to interact with CD36, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). In this study, it is demonstrated by affinity purification and western blot analysis that PfEMP1 also functions as a cell surface ligand for P-selectin, an adhesion molecule that has been shown to mediate the rolling of infected erythrocytes under physiologic flow conditions, leading to a significant increase in adhesion to CD36 on activated platelets and microvascular endothelium.