bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case study: Reducing preventable maternal mortality in Rwandan healthcare facilities through improvements in WASH protocols
Authors: Guzman Andrea 
Published: June 2018

Problem A lack of proper water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure and poor hygiene practices reduce the preparedness and response of health care facilities (HCFs) in low-income countries to infection and disease outbreaks. According to a World Bank Service Provision Assessment conducted in 2007, only 28% of HCFs in Rwanda had water access throughout the year supplied by tap and 58% of HCFs provided functioning latrines. 1 This evaluation of services and infrastructure in HCFs in Rwanda indicates that targets for WASH in-country need to be enhanced. Objectives To present a case study of the causes and management of sepsis during delivery that led to the death of a 27-year-old woman, and propose a WASH protocol to be implemented in HCFs in Rwanda. Methods The state of WASH services used by staff, caregivers, and patients in HCFs was assessed in 2009 in national evaluations conducted by the Ministry of Infrastructure of Rwanda. Site selection was purposive, based on the presence of both water and power supply. Direct observation was used to assess water treatment, presence and condition of sanitation facilities and sterile equipment in the delivery room, provision of soap and water, gloves, alcohol-based hand rub, and WASH-related record keeping. Results All healthcare facilities met Ministry policies for water access, but WHO guidelines for environmental standards, including for water quality, were not fully satisfied. Conclusions The promotion and provision of low-cost technologies that enable improved WASH practices could help to reduce high rates of morbidity and mortality due to infection in low-income countries.
CK1α and IRF4 are essential and independent effectors of immunomodulatory drugs in primary effusion lymphoma
Authors: Patil Ajinkya , Manzano Mark , Gottwein Eva 
Published: June 2018

Key Points
CK1α is essential for the survival of PEL cell lines, and its degradation mediates toxicity of IMiDs. Loss of IRF4 expression is a CK1α-, IKZF1-, and IKZF3-independent arm of IMiD toxicity in PEL cell lines.
Structural aspects of plasticity in the nervous system of Drosophila
Authors: Sugie Atsushi , Marchetti Giovanni , Tavosanis Gaia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNeurons extend and retract dynamically their neurites during development to form complex morphologies and to reach out to their appropriate synaptic partners. Their capacity to undergo structural rearrangements is in part maintained during adult life when it supports the animal’s ability to adapt to a changing environment or to form lasting memories. Nonetheless, the signals triggering structural plasticity and the mechanisms that support it are not yet fully understood at the molecular level. Here, we focus on the nervous system of the fruit fly to ask to which extent activity modulates neuronal morphology and connectivity during development. Further, we summarize the evidence indicating that the adult nervous system of flies retains some capacity for structural plasticity at the synaptic or circuit level. For simplicity, we selected examples mostly derived from studies on the visual system and on the mushroom body, two regions of the fly brain with extensively studied neuroanatomy.
Differential incidence trends of colon and rectal cancers in Hong Kong: an age‐period‐cohort analysis
Authors: Zhang Bo , Xie Shao‐Hua , Yu Ignatius Tak‐sun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer has been the second most common cancer among men and women in Hong Kong since 2012, but the underlying reasons for this increase remain unclear. We describe the incidence trend for colorectal cancer in Hong Kong to explore its etiology within this population.MethodsThe temporal trends in colorectal cancer incidence between 1983 and 2012 were analyzed with joinpoint regressions by sex, age groups, and anatomic sites among adults using data from the Hong Kong Cancer Registry. An age‐period‐cohort analysis was used to evaluate the effects of age, calendar periods, and birth cohorts on the observed temporal trends.ResultsThe incidence of colon cancer among those aged 50 years and older in both sexes increased steadily from 1983 until the mid‐1990s and was followed by a slight decrease thereafter, whereas the incidence among those aged 20–49 years decreased steadily from 1983 to 2012. In contrast, the incidence of rectal cancer steadily increased in men and remained stable in women throughout the study period. Significant period and birth cohort effects were observed for colon cancer, whereas period effects on the temporal trends were observed for male rectal cancer.ConclusionsThe incidences of colon and rectal cancers have exhibited divergent patterns between 1983 and 2012 in Hong Kong, indicating heterogeneous etiologies between these two types of cancers. Surveillance of the risk factors related to colon and rectal cancers in the Hong Kong population should be performed, and the increased rectal cancer incidence in males is worthy of extra attention.
Predicting antidepressant response by monitoring early improvement of individual symptoms of depression: individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: de Vries Ymkje Anna , Roest Annelieke M. , Bos Elisabeth H. , Burgerhof Johannes G. M. , van Loo Hanna M. , de Jonge Peter 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundImprovement in depression within the first 2 weeks of antidepressant treatment predicts good outcomes, but non-improvers can still respond or remit, whereas improvers often do not.AimsWe aimed to investigate whether early improvement of individual depressive symptoms better predicts response or remission.MethodWe obtained individual patient data of 30 trials comprising 2184 placebo-treated and 6058 antidepressant-treated participants. Primary outcome was week 6 response; secondary outcomes were week 6 remission and week 12 response and remission. We compared models that only included improvement in total score by week 2 (total improvement model) with models that also included improvement in individual symptoms.ResultsFor week 6 response, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and negative and positive predictive values of the total improvement model were 0.73, 0.67 and 0.74 compared with 0.77, 0.70 and 0.71 for the item improvement model. Model performance decreased for week 12 outcomes. Of predicted non-responders, 29% actually did respond by week 6 and 43% by week 12, which was decreased from the baseline (overall) probabilities of 51% by week 6 and 69% by week 12. Inpost hocanalyses with continuous rather than dichotomous early improvement, including individual items did not enhance model performance.ConclusionsExamining individual symptoms adds little to the predictive ability of early improvement. Additionally, early non-improvement does not rule out response or remission, particularly after 12 rather than 6 weeks. Therefore, our findings suggest that routinely adapting pharmacological treatment because of limited early improvement would often be premature.Declaration of interestNone.
Improving Microretailer and Consumer Welfare in Developing Economies: Replenishment Strategies and Market Entries
Authors: Gui Luyi , Tang Christopher S. , Yin Shuya 
Published: June 2018

Problem definition: Microretailers in remote rural areas in developing countries face high replenishment costs because of poor road infrastructure and the lack of formal distribution channels. This paper investigates the effectiveness of two innovative replenishment strategies (purchasing cooperatives and nonprofit wholesalers) deployed by nongovernmental organizations to reduce microretailers’ replenishment costs and improve consumer welfare. Academic/practical relevance: The problem is relevant in practice, as travel cost has been documented as a major cost burden that leads to meager earnings for the microretailers, few retailers in the market, and high prices to the consumers (because of less competition). Analyzing how these innovative strategies alleviate the previously described problems enables us to develop practical insights as well as fill an important gap in the literature. Methodology: We adopt a stylized model that captures price competition, consumer welfare, and the market entry decision of microretailers under the replenishment strategies considered. We compare the equilibrium retailer profit, consumer welfare, and the number of retailers entering the market under these strategies. Results: We find that in a regulated market, a nonprofit wholesaler creates supply chain inefficiency, and thus can lead to a higher retail price, which benefits the retailers yet harms the consumers. However, with free market entry (unregulated market), we show that under certain market conditions, both the cooperative and the nonprofit wholesaler strategies can be Pareto improving. Yet between these two strategies, there typically exists a trade-off in both regulated and unregulated markets, that is, the cooperative strategy enhances consumer welfare, while the wholesaler strategy leads to higher retailer profits. Managerial implications: The policy maker needs to be mindful about the market conditions and the relative emphasis between the profit and market participation of microretailers and consumer welfare when choosing and implementing the purchasing cooperative and the nonprofit wholesaler strategies.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0700 .
IMAGENS SUSSURRANTES: CINEMA DE FLUXO E TEMPO MÍTICO EM HISTÓRIAS QUE SÓ EXISTEM QUANDO LEMBRADAS
Authors: Da Silva Fabrício Basílio Pacheco , Bragança Maurício De 
Published: June 2018

O artigo tem o objetivo de tensionar cinema e literatura a partir do insólito produzido em Histórias que só existem quando lembradas (Bra/Arg/Fra, 2011), de Julia Murat. Associamos primeiramente o filme ao cinema de fluxo, estética que aposta na sensorialidade, em filmes com narrativas rarefeitas, nas quais a noção de espaço-tempo é ressignificada a partir da dilatação do plano. A partir disso, buscamos pistas para análise na literatura, convocando Pedro Páramo, de Juan Rulfo, como lugar teórico capaz de fornecer paralelos entre as obras do escritor mexicano e de Julia Murat e também nas discussões sobre transculturação narrativa, apresentadas por Ángel Rama. O que nos move aqui é perceber esse gesto evanescente presente no filme, como uma espécie de “imagens sussurrantes”, de existência efêmera, vinculadas ao universo do insólito também construído em Pedro Páramo. Desta forma, o filme se utiliza da estética do fluxo se aproximando da ideia de transculturação alcançada pelos procedimentos literários que renovaram a narrativa dos escritores na América Latina.
Motor abilities in 182 children treated for idiopathic clubfoot: A comparison between the traditional and the Ponseti method and controls
Authors: Aulie V. S. , Halvorsen V. B. , Brox J. I. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose The aim of the study was to examine motor abilities in children treated for idiopathic clubfoot with either the traditional extensive surgery method or the Ponseti method, and compare their motor skills with a control group without clubfoot. Methods A total of 89 children treated according to the traditional method (mean age 9.0 years, 7 to 10) and 93 treated ad modum Ponseti (mean age 8.8 years, 7 to 10) were recruited from a multicentre clinical study in Norway. A total of 45 age-matched children without clubfoot were recruited from a nearby school. They were all assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition (MABC-2), which evaluates motor performance. We applied Analysis of Covariance for comparison of the two treatment methods and adjusted for gender, laterality, comorbidity, achillotomy or more extended surgery, physiotherapy and the age when the child walked independently. Results We found no significant difference in any of the various components or the total score of the MABC-2 between patients treated with the two different methods. In all, 76% of the children treated according to the traditional method and ad modum Ponseti, and 96% in the control group, respectively, were classified as having normal motor abilities. Conclusion About three-quarters of children aged nine years and treated for idiopathic clubfoot had normal motor abilities. We found similar results in patients treated with the traditional method and the Ponseti method. Level of Evidence II
Onabotulinum toxin-A (Botox) for spastic equinus in cerebral palsy: A prospective kinematic study
Authors: Hastings-Ison T. , Sangeux M. , Thomason P. , Rawicki B. , Fahey M , Graham H. K. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose Botulinum toxin-A (or Botox) is widely used for the management of equinus gait in children with cerebral palsy but few recent studies have included instrumented gait analysis. Methods This was a prospective cohort study. Gait analysis was performed four weeks before and four weeks after Botulinum toxin-A injection for spastic equinus to detect the maximum effects on gait kinematics. Outcome measures included the Gait Profile Score (GPS), the Gait Variable Score (GVS) for the ankle, maximal ankle dorsiflexion and maximal knee extension at midstance. Results In all, 37 children participated (20 boys); mean age five years seven months (4 years 1 month to 8 years 2 months); 19 with unilateral and 18 bilateral involvement. At a mean four weeks post-injection, the GPS and ankle GVS were unchanged. However maximum ankle dorsiflexion increased for the whole group; median 7.7° (confidence interval (CI) 4° to 10.6°) to 11.5° (CI 7.7° to 12.9°), p = 0.02. Maximum midstance knee extension was unchanged for the whole group, but median knee flexion increased in children with bilateral involvement; 10.9° (CI 7.4° to 20.8°) to 16.5° (CI 8.4° to 19.7°), p = 0.58. Conclusion Injections of the gastrocsoleus for spastic equinus did not result in objective improvements in overall gait. Improvements in ankle dorsiflexion for children with bilateral involvement may be offset by deterioration at the knee. Level of Evidence II - prospective cohort study, before and after intervention
Television market, ownership concentration and management strategies in Portugal
Authors: Faustino Paulo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to measure media concentration of the Portuguese television industry, and to evaluate the extension to which concentration in television companies relates to management strategies. A review of literature about media economics and management and strategic decisions is presented. Following this theoretical background, the empirical analysis of the ownership concentration of Portuguese television companies is based on qualitative and quantitative methods. The main information sources were corporate reports, television market reports, specialized books, articles and scientific papers, among other documental sources of information related to this area. In terms of main conclusions, high television ownership concentration levels, which have always been a feature of the Portuguese television industry market, although still high, have been decreasing for the past ten years. However, high concentration levels are observed in media groups, resulting from the convergence of television and other types of media. This is mainly due to bundling strategies of telecom operators (which added pay television services to the traditional telecommunications portfolio) and to diversification strategies from television network players (taking advantage of audience segmentation and easier access to broadcasting space).
Hedging against disaster: Risk and mitigation in the media and entertainment industries
Authors: Chalaby Jean K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The objective of this article is twofold. First, it seeks to identify and classify the most likely sources of potential loss for media and entertainment businesses. Adopting the World Bank’s definition of risk as a ‘possibility of loss’ and opportunity as the ‘upside of risk’, this article constructs a typology of risks that are categorized in seven types: catastrophic, financial, regulatory, technological, intellectual property (IP) related, value chain related and commercial. Combining this typology with a review of the most common risk mitigation strategies, this article demonstrates that risk management is central to the way media firms operate and has a determining influence on their output. Risk analysis, therefore, offers us a better understanding of corporate strategies in the media and entertainment industries both in terms of management and content.
Book Reviews
Authors: Amanullah Arshad , Ivory Gareth , Sexton Max 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Making News in Global India: Media, Publics, Politics, Sahana Udupa (2015)
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 278 pp.,
ISBN: 9781107099463, h/bk, £67.00

Television and The Second Screen: Interactive TV in the Age of Social Participation, James Blake (2017)
London: Routledge, 194 pp.,
ISBN: 9781138914322, h/bk, £105

DVD, Blu-Ray and Beyond: Navigating Formats and Platforms within Media Consumption, Jonathan Wroot and Andy Willis (eds) (2017)
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 244 pp.,
ISBN: 97833196275571, h/bk, ¢115
El commentaire Philosophique de Pierre Bayle
Authors: Bahr Fernando 
Published: June 2018

El Commentaire philosophique sur ces paroles de Jésus-Christ ‘Contrain-les d’entrer’ publicado en 1686 por el calvinista francés Pierre Bayle constituye uno de los capítulos más interesantes y menos conocidos en la elaboración moderna del concepto de tolerancia civil. En este artículo se reconstruye el itinerario desarrollado por Bayle en esa obra y se pasa revista a las señales de inconsistencia teórica que se han detectado en la misma. En principio, estamos de acuerdo con Walter Rex y Gianluca Mori en que los criterios racionalistas presentados en la Parte I del escrito resultan difíciles de conciliar con los argumentos escépticos que dominan en la Parte II. A nuestro juicio, sin embargo, estos y otros intérpretes comparten un supuesto no evidente: que en el Commentaire Bayle intentó elaborar una teoría de la tolerancia. Si se prestan atención a algunos pasajes de la obra, en cambio, la empresa bayleana aparece más bien como una recopilación de argumentos contrarios a la intolerancia religiosa que no requiere necesariamente de una articulación interna. Desde esta perspectiva, nos parece, las inconsistencias no resultan insalvables. AbstractThe Commentaire philosophique sur ces paroles de Jesus-Christ ‘Contrain-les d’entrer’, that the French Calvinist Pierre Bayle wrote in 1686 is a particularly important book in the built-up of the concept of civil toleration on Modern Philosophy. In this article we reconstruct the principal arguments of the work and review some problems of incoherence detected. We agree with Walter Rex and Gianluca Mori on their rationalist criteria presented where they express that is difficult to conciliate in Part I with the skeptical reasoning that dominates in Part II, but it must be noted that these exegetes, and many others, have in common a non-obvious assumption: that Pierre Bayle wrote the Commentaire philosophique to present a unified theory on toleration. If we examine some passages of the book it could be seen, whereas, that the baylean design shows itself as a compilation of arguments against religious intolerance, a compilation that is not internally required to be articulated. From this point of view, we think that the problems of coherence could be saved.
An examination of violence that students are exposed and students’ responses against violence according to their school levels<p>Öğrencilerin okul düzeylerine göre yaşadıkları şiddet ve bu şiddete karşı gösterdikleri tepkilerin incelenmesi
Authors: Gündüz Yüksel 
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study is to reveal violence that students are exposed and students’ responses against violence according to their school levels. In this context, it has been searched for answers related to in which school level students are exposed to violence the most, the gender of teachers that engage in violence, the types of violence that students are exposed the most and what students’ responses against violence in school level are. This research was carried out using general screening model. The sample of this research consists of 615 voluntary students that took education of pedagogical proficiency in Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Education in 2015-2016 Academic year. Four surveys developed by researcher and prepared with expert opinion were used to obtain data. When examined the findings of this research, it can be seen that violence exists in the first five years of primary education the most while it exists in higher education the least. The other finding is that male teachers engage in much more violence to their students. Hitting hands with a stick, slapping face, pulling ear, hitting fingers with a ruler and standing on one foot are emerged as types of violence. Students exhibit behaviors as keeping silent, adopting negative attitude, being uninterested in lessons, sulking, being disrespectful, showing grudge or hatred against violence. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetYapılan çalışmanın amacı, okul düzeylerine göre öğrencilerin yaşadıkları şiddet ve bu şiddete karşı gösterdikleri tepkilerin neler olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, öğrencilerin şiddeti en çok yaşadıkları eğitim düzeyinin, şiddet uygulayan öğretmenlerin cinsiyetinin, en çok uğranılan şiddet türünün ve uygulanan şiddete karşı okul düzeyinde gösterilen tepkilerin neler olduğuna ilişkin sorulara yanıt aranmıştır. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi bünyesinde yapılan pedagojik formasyon eğitimi alan 615 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen ve uzman görüşü alınarak hazırlanan 4 anket kullanılmıştır. Bulgularına bakıldığında: En çok şiddet ilköğretimin ilk 5 yılında, en az şiddet yükseköğretim düzeyinde yaşanmıştır. Erkek öğretmenlerin daha çok şiddet uyguladığı görülmektedir. Şiddet türü olarak, ele sopayla vurma, yüze tokat atma, kulak çekme, cetvelle parmak uçlarına vurma, tek ayaküstünde durdurmanın uygulandığı görülmektedir. Öğrenciler şiddete karşı, sessiz kalma, olumsuz tavır takınma, derse ilgisiz kalma, küsme, saygı göstermeme, kin ve nefret gösterme davranışlarında bulunmuşlardır.