bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extended Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (ePN.S) early-type galaxy survey: The kinematic diversity of stellar halos and the relation between halo transition scale and stellar mass
Authors: Pulsoni C. , Gerhard O. , Arnaboldi M. , Coccato L. , Longobardi A. , Napolitano N. R. , Moylan E. , Narayan C. , Gupta V. , Burkert A. , Capaccioli M. , Chies-Santos A. L. , Cortesi A. , Freeman K. C. , Kuijken K. , Merrifield M. R. , Romanowsky A. J. , Tortora C. 
Published: July 2018

Context. In the hierarchical two-phase formation scenario, the halos of early type galaxies (ETGs) are expected to have different physical properties from the galaxies’ central regions.
Aims. The ePN.S survey characterizes the kinematic properties of ETG halos using planetary nebulae (PNe) as tracers, overcoming the limitations of absorption line spectroscopy at low surface brightness.
Methods. We present two-dimensional velocity and velocity dispersion fields for 33 ETGs, including fast (FRs) and slow rotators (SRs). The velocity fields were reconstructed from the measured PN velocities using an adaptive kernel procedure validated with simulations, and extend to a median of 5.6 effective radii (Re). We complemented the PN kinematics with absorption line data from the literature, for a complete description of the kinematics from the center to the outskirts.
Results. ETGs typically show a kinematic transition between inner regions and halo. Estimated transition radii in units of Re anti-correlate with stellar mass. SRs have increased but still modest rotational support at large radii. Most of the FRs show a decrease in rotation, due to the fading of the inner disk in the outer, more slowly rotating spheroid. 30% of the FRs are dominated by rotation also at large radii. Most ETGs have flat or slightly falling halo velocity dispersion profiles, but 15% of the sample have steeply falling profiles. All of the SRs and 40% of the FRs show signatures of triaxial halos such as kinematic twists or misalignments. We show with illustrative photometric models that this is consistent with the distribution of isophote twists from extended photometry.
Conclusions. ETGs have more diverse kinematic properties in their halos than in the central regions. FRs do contain inner disk components but these frequently fade in outer spheroids which are often triaxial. The observed kinematic transition to the halo and its dependence on stellar mass is consistent with ΛCDM simulations and supports a two-phase formation scenario.
Twenty years of photometric microlensing events predicted by Gaia DR2
Authors: Mustill Alexander J. , Davies Melvyn B. , Lindegren Lennart 
Published: July 2018

Context. Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) offers unparalleled precision on stars’ parallaxes and proper motions. This allows the prediction of microlensing events for which the lens stars (and any planets they possess) are nearby and may be well studied and characterised.
Aims. We identify a number of potential microlensing events that will occur before the year 2035.5, 20 years from the Gaia DR2 reference epoch.
Methods. We query Gaia DR2 for potential lenses within 100 pc, extract parallaxes and proper motions of the lenses and background sources, and identify potential lensing events. We estimate the lens masses from Priam effective temperatures and use these to calculate peak magnifications and the size of the Einstein radii relative to the lens stars’ habitable zones.
Results. We identify seven future events with a probability >10% of an alignment within one Einstein radius. Of particular interest is DR2 5918299904067162240 (WISE J175839.20–583931.6), magnitude G = 14.9, which will lens a G = 13.9 background star in early 2030, with a median 23% net magnification. Other pairs are typically fainter, hampering characterisation of the lens (if the lens is faint) or the ability to accurately measure the magnification (if the source is much fainter than the lens). Of timely interest is DR2 4116504399886241792 (2MASS J17392440–2327071), which will lens a background star in July 2020, albeit with weak net magnification (0.03%). Median magnifications for the other five high-probability events range from 0.3% to 5.3%. The Einstein radii for these lenses are one to ten times the radius of the habitable zone, allowing these lensing events to pick out cold planets around the ice line, and filling a gap between transit and current microlensing detections of planets around very low-mass stars.
Conclusions. We provide a catalogue of the predicted events to aid future characterisation efforts. Current limitations include a lack of many high-proper-motion objects in Gaia DR2 and often large uncertainties on the proper motions of the background sources (or only two-parameter solutions). Both of these deficiencies will be rectified with Gaia DR3 in 2020. Further characterisation of the lenses is also warranted to better constrain their masses and predict the photometric magnifications.
QSAR Models for Nitrogen Containing Monophosphonate and Bisphosphonate Derivatives as Human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase Inhibitors Based on Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Kumar Parvin , Kumar Ashwani , Sindhu Jayant , Lal Sohan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS) is a well-settled therapeutic target and it is an enzyme of the mevalonate pathway which catalyzes the biosynthesis of the C-15 isoprenoid farnesyl pyrophosphate. QSAR studies by using Monte Carlo method for human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors has been carried out using balance of correlation technique with Index of ideality correlation. For construction of QSAR models, six random splits were prepared from the data of 73 phosphonates and hybrid optimal descriptors procured from graph (HFG) and SMILES based notations were employed. The developed QSAR models have robustness, good fitting ability, generalizability and internal predictive ability. The external predictive ability has been certified by testing various precedents. The values of R2, IIC, Q2 and ∆R2
m for the best model are 0.9304, 0.9614, 0.9061 and 0.0861 respectively. The developed QSAR models met with the specified standards given in OECD guideline and applicability domain. The structural feature promoters for the end point increase and promoters for end point decrease have been extracted. The predicted pIC50 for the new proposed compounds have also been reported.
Improvement of Respiratory Depression in a Patient with Primary Medullary Hemorrhage Following Removal of Hematoma in the Half-sitting Position
Authors: Bertalanffy Helmut , Nakaya Masato , Mochizuki Yoichi , Fukaya Raita , Moriwaki Goroku , Fukuchi Masahito , Fujii Koji , Ichimura Shinya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrimary medullary hemorrhage is a rare event that may result in ataxic respiration. Although it remains controversial whether primary medullary hemorrhage should be managed conservatively or surgically, recent advancements in neuroimaging and microsurgical techniques have shown promise for improving outcomes and prognosis following surgery. The present report discusses the case of a 70-year-old woman admitted to our institution due to sudden-onset nausea and vomiting. The patient underwent surgical removal of a right medullary hematoma for the treatment of daytime respiratory depression and nocturnal apnea while in the half-sitting position. Following surgery, her spontaneous respiration improved, and she was discharged with independent gait. Despite the risk of venous air embolism, accumulating evidence suggests that the half-sitting position is suitable for brainstem surgery because gravity-assisted blood and irrigation drainage from the surgical field allows for cleaner dissection and reduces the need for bipolar coagulation.
Multiple Colloid Cysts: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bettag Martin , Rizk Ahmed 
Published: July 2018

Background and Study Aim Colloid cysts usually occur in the anterior third ventricle at the level of the foramina of Monro. Colloid cysts may extend from the third toward the lateral ventricle. We present a rare case of multiple intraventricular colloid cysts, two of which were in the third ventricle and one in the lateral ventricle.
Clinical Description A 40-year-old female patient presented with three intraventricular cystic lesions: one cyst in the typical localization in the anterior rostral third ventricle, another cyst behind it in the same (third) ventricle, and a larger bulging cyst in the right lateral ventricle. A bilateral ventriculoperitoneal shunt had been inserted 26 years before to treat hydrocephalus. All three cysts had different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal characteristics. We removed the cysts through an endoscopically assisted right transcortical transventricular microsurgical approach, using the right ventricular catheter as a guide to the lateral ventricle. After removal of the lateral ventricular cyst, we observed that the foramen of Monro was greatly enlarged (most likely as a result of the large cyst), which allowed us to remove the cysts in the third ventricle. During surgery, the cysts were found to have different consistencies. MRI 2 years following surgery showed complete removal and no hydrocephalus. The patient had no symptoms, and the clinical examinations were normal.
Conclusions Colloid cysts may become large and extend to the lateral ventricle, especially in patients treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Studying the relevant pathoanatomy of these cysts is very important for preoperative planning including the choice of surgical approach.
Percutaneous Pedicle-Lengthening Osteotomy in Minimal Invasive Spinal Surgery to Treat Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Single-Center Preliminary Experience
Authors: Basile Luigi , Gulì Carlo , Banco Aurelia , Giordano Giovanna , Giugno Antonella , Graziano Francesca , Giammalva Roberto , Iacopino Domenico , Maugeri Rosario 
Published: July 2018

Background Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a narrowing of the spinal canal due to spinal degeneration, and its main clinical symptom is neurogenic claudication. Surgical treatment is pursued for patients who do not improve with conservative care. Patients with symptomatic LSS who also have significant medical comorbidities, although clearly in need of intervention, are unattractive candidates for traditional open lumbar decompressive procedures. Thus it is important to explore minimally invasive surgical techniques to treat select patients with LSS.
Methods This retrospective case series evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a new minimally invasive procedure to treat LSS: pedicle-lengthening osteotomy using the ALTUM system ((Innovative Surgical Designs, Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, United States). Peri- and postoperative demographic and radiographic data were collected from a clinical series of seven patients with moderate LSS who were > 60 years of age. Clinical outcome was evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) scores and the spinal canal area on computed tomography scans.
Results Twelve months after the procedure, scoring revealed a median improvement of 3.7 on the VAS for the back and 6.3 on the VAS for the leg, compared with the preoperative baseline (p < 0.05). The postoperative central area of the lumbar canal was significantly increased, by 0.39 cm2; the right and left neural foramina were enlarged by 0.29 cm2 and 0.47 cm2, respectively (p < 0.05).
Conclusions In this preliminary study, the ALTUM system showed a good clinical and radiologic outcome 1 year after surgery. In an older or high-risk population, a short minimally invasive procedure may be beneficial for treating LSS.
Hybrid Technique for Cranial Defect Reconstruction: Surgical Results over a 10-Year Period in a Single Institution
Authors: Guerrero-Suarez Pablo , Guerrero-López Paola , Ortiz-Leon Abarin , Sosa-Castillo Haydee , Velazquez-Gonzalez Lenny , Martinez-Anda Jaime 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDecompressive craniectomy is an urgent procedure that is increasingly used for treatment of intracranial hypertension. After recovery, reconstruction of the cranial defect is necessary. Cranioplasty is an elective procedure with a high potential for morbidity if care is not taken on different surgical factors such as the material used as the cranial flap. In Latin America, high costs in some materials used in cranioplasty make its use prohibitive for some patients and institutions, and looking for alternatives has become a priority in neurosurgical centers. An autologous bone flap is an excellent option possessing the characteristics of an ideal material for cranioplasty. Nevertheless, its use is associated with high morbidity and flap failure. We report our mono-institutional experience in a 10-year period of a hybrid technique for cranioplasty using an autologous bone flap with titanium plates. Sixty-five patients underwent the technique, with good cosmetic results in 89.2% and success in functional result in 90.8% of patients . No significant statistical differences were found on the timing of the surgery or the location of the cranial defect. We had a 1.5% rate of surgical site infection, less than that reported on previous series. We propose that the hybrid technique of cranioplasty is a safety and effective option for cranial defect reconstruction.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fluoroscopy, Radiography, and Computed Tomography in Detecting Cement Leakage in Kyphoplasty
Authors: Palm Hans-Georg , Lang Patricia , Haentzsch Madlen , Friemert Benedikt , Hackenbroch Carsten , Riesner Hans-Joachim 
Published: July 2018

Purpose Cement leakage is a typical complication of kyphoplasty for vertebral fractures. It is unclear if cement application intraoperatively can be improved by using other techniques of visualization and which kind of postoperative imaging should be recommended to detect cement extravasation accurately.
Objective To compare the rates of cement leakage detected by intraoperative fluoroscopy, postoperative radiography, and postoperative computed tomography (CT) in a retrospective study.
Patients and Methods The study included 78 patients (60 women and 18 men; 115 vertebral bodies) who were treated with two kinds of kyphoplasty. The patients underwent intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative radiography and CT. After surgery, the images were evaluated to compare cement leakage rates and locations in the three visualization techniques. Leakage locations were described as epidural, intradiskal, extravertebral, or intravascular.
Results Compared with CT, intraoperative fluoroscopy regularly detected intradiskal leakage (75%) but had a considerably lower sensitivity for visualizing epidural (21%), extravertebral (31%), and intravascular (51%) cement leakages. A comparison of radiography and CT showed that radiography had a high sensitivity for detecting intradiskal (82%) and intravascular (70%) cement extrusions but a lower sensitivity in identifying epidural (42%) and extravertebral (50%) leaks. Therefore, the CT scan overall was best in detecting location and accuracy.
Conclusion CT detected more cement leaks than any of the other investigated techniques, especially epidural, extravertebral, and intravascular cement leakages. To achieve the best accuracy, only CT provides complete information.
Increased Aggregation and Secretion Responses of Human Platelets when Loaded with the Calcium Fluorescent Probes Quin2 and Fura-2
Authors: Lanza Frarnçois , Beretz Alain , Kubina Martial , Cazenave Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIncorporation into human platelets of the calcium fluorescent indicators quin2 or fura-2 at low concentrations used to measure intracellular free calcium leads to the potentiation of the effects of agonists on platelets. This was shown by increased aggregatory and secretory responses of quin2 or fura-2 loaded platelets after stimulation with ADP, PAP and with low concentrations of thrombin, collagen, the endoperoxide analog U-46619 and the calcium ionophore A 23187. Quin2 and fura-2 mediated platelet sensitisation could be due to altered arachidonic acid metabolism since it was inhibited by prior treatment with the cydooxygenase inhibitor acetylsalicylate. In contrast, platelets loaded with higher concentrations of calcium chelators exhibited diminished aggregation responses to all aggregating agents. This latter effect was accompanied by increased fluidity of the platelet plasma membrane bilayer and by the exposure of a new pool of membranes to the outer surface of platelets, as monitored with trimethylammonium- diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH) in platelets loaded with the non-fluorescent calcium probe analog MAPT. In contrast, low concentrations of quin2 did not potentiate shape change of platelets activated with ADP. Thus, shape change and aggregation can be influenced separately by intracellular Ca2+ chelators. We conclude that platelet responses are altered by the incorporation of intracellular calcium chelators at concentrations used to monitor intracellular calcium changes.
Receptor Mediated Binding of the Fibrinolytic Components, Plasminogen and Urokinase, to Peripheral Blood Cells
Authors: Miles Lindsey A , Plow Edward F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryGlu-plasminogen binds to platelets; the monocytoid line, U937, and the human fetal fibroblast line, GM1380 bind both plasminogen and its activator, urokinase. This study assesses the interaction of these fibrinolytic proteins with circulating human blood cells. Plasminogen bound minimally to red cells but bound saturably and reversibly to monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes with apparent Kd values of 0.9-1.4 μM. The interactions were of high capacity with 1.6 to 49 × 105 sites/cell and involved the lysine binding sites of plasminogen. Both T cells and non-rosetting lymphocytes and two B cell lines saturably bound plasminogen. Urokinase bound saturably to gianulocytes, monocytes, non-rosetting lymphocytes and a B cell line, but minimally to T cells, platelets and red cells. Therefore, plasminogen binding sites of high capacity, of similar affinities, and with common recognition specificities are expressed by many peripheral blood cells. Urokinase receptors are also widely distributed, but less so than plasminogen binding sites. The binding ol plasminogen and/ or urokinase to these cells may lead to generation of cell- associated proteolytic activity which contributes to a variety of cellular functions.
A Selective Depression of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Activity in Euglobulins Characterises a Risk Group Among Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gram Jørgen , Jespersen Jørgen 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAmong 29 patients recovering from a first-time acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 9 patients suffered reinfarction during a four year follow-up period. The 9 reinfarction patients were found to belong to a subgroup of 17 patients with a selective depression to near zero of euglobulin t-PA activity. None of the group of 12 patients with marked t-PA activity suffered a relapse. Euglobulin fibrinolytic activity as usually assayed did not distinguish between groups with or without relapse.
Prospective Series of Nine Long Noncoding RNAs Associated with Survival of Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Lei Bingxi , Yu Lei , Jung Thapa , Deng Yuefei , Xiang Wei , Liu Yawei , Qi Songtao 
Published: July 2018

Objective To analyze the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and identify prognosis-related lncRNAs, as well as their related protein-coding genes and functions.
Method The lncRNA expression profiles were obtained by microarray in six samples each of GBM and normal brain tissue. The lncRNAs expressed were significantly different between the two groups and used to detect their associations with patient survival time by downloading the related data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The total RNA-sequencing data of 152 patients diagnosed GBM level 3 with complete clinic information was downloaded. The survival time–dependent lncRNAs were identified by multivariate Cox regression analysis. For the survival time–dependent lncRNAs, we used the Pearson correlation coefficient and z test to search their associated protein-coding genes downloaded from TCGA. Functions of these genes were annotated by the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis.
Results More than 1,000 antisense lncRNAs and enhancer lncRNAs were selected for analysis in this study. Data from 152 cases with RNA-seq of GBM level 3 with complete information on GBM were downloaded from the TCGA database. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed 19 lncRNAs with survival time dependency. These nine lncRNAs were used to construct our survival model via multivariate Cox regression analysis: TP73-AS1, AC078883.3, RP11–944L7.4, HAR1B, RP4–635E18.7, HOTAIR, SAPCD1-AS1, AC104653.1, and RP5–1172N10.2. The nine lncRNAs associated with them were inputted into the DAVID database for gene ontology and KEGG function enrichment analysis. The result showed these genes were enriched with ion binding, transport, cell-cell signaling, plasma membrane parts, and more, and they were mainly related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
Conclusion The nine lncRNAs were a set of biomarkers for the prognosis of patients with GBM, enabling a more accurate prediction of survival and revealing more biological functions.