bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumers’ understanding of autonomous driving
Authors: Cho Eunae , Jung Yoonhyuk 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore consumers’ understanding of autonomous driving by comparing perceptions of occasional drivers (ODs) and frequent drivers (FDs).Design/methodology/approachData were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 41 drivers. Their responses were categorized into thematic categories or topics on the basis of content analysis, and the topics were structured based on the core-periphery model. Finally, the authors visualized the structure on a perceptual map by adopting a maximum tree approach.FindingsRespondents’ understanding of autonomous driving were categorized into 10 topics. There were significant differences in topics and their relationships between ODs and FDs. Findings also show that FD can better detect hazardousness from autonomous driving environments than ODs.Research limitations/implicationsDifferently from prior studies’ focus on its technological aspect and some derived benefits, the study examines it from the viewpoint of consumers, who are critical participants in the dissemination of autonomous driving.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that rather than focusing on developing the highest level of autonomous cars, developing in an evolutionary way by adding automated functions to existing cars can be the better strategy to dominate the autonomous vehicle market.Originality/valueThis study is a pioneering work in that it can be an initial empirical work on autonomous driving from the customer standpoint.
Strategic behaviour of Russian companies with regard to intangibles
Authors: Jardón Carlos Fernández , Molodchik Mariia , Paklina Sofiia 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore strategy-specific competencies with regard to intangibles and provides empirical evidence of intangible-based strategy groups for Russian companies. Additionally, the study examines the link between intangible-based strategy and company performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses strategic group theory and the resource-based view framework to identify similar strategic behaviour of companies by employment of intangibles. In line with the intellectual capital concept, the study provides a cluster analysis that considers four types of intangibles: human, relational, innovation and process capital. These are measured through publicly available data using principal component analysis. The empirical part of the study uses a database of 1,096 Russian public companies, which covers the period 2004–2014.

Findings
As a result, the study reveals three profiles of strategic behaviour with regard to intangibles. The majority of Russian public companies (63.5 per cent) are Generics and pursue a non-intensive intangible strategy. Only 13.3 per cent of companies constitute the intangible-intensive profile by having endowment of all intellectual resources higher than the sample average. The remaining companies (23.2 per cent) also pursue an intangible-intensive strategy with a focus on innovation capital. Intangible-intensive strategic groups outperform Generics.

Originality/value
The study proposes a novel intangible-based strategy continuum, which straddles two polar strategies: generic and smart. The study introduces insights to better understand the differences in performance across intangible-intensive strategies and presents a new empirical inquiry into strategic behaviour with regard to intangibles in Russia.
Enhancing service firm performance through customer involvement capability and innovativeness
Authors: Anning-Dorson Thomas , Hinson Robert Ebo , Amidu Mohammed , Nyamekye Michael Boadi 
Published: July 2018

PurposeBecause of the paucity of empirical research on firm-level capabilities of firms for effective customer involvement, the purpose of this study is to evaluate service firms’ capacity to coopt customers to enhance the innovativeness and firm performance relationship. This study conceptualizes involvement capabilities of service firms as a strategic driver that exploits their internal firm assets, which in turn facilitates the positive relationship between innovativeness and firm performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 344 managers of service firms across different sub-sectors in an emerging economy. The study first confirmed the constructs through confirmatory factor analysis before analyzing hypothesized relationships. Regression models were specified with robust standard errors to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe study found that involvement capability of service firms helps them to exploit their relational assets and create and manage strong customer participation. Additionally, it was found that involvement capabilities enable service firms to capitalize on the competencies of customers, which in turn improves the outcomes of their innovativeness. The results showed that the interaction between involvement capability and innovativeness enhances firm performance significantly.Practical implicationsService firms can enhance customer participation in the value creation process by increasing their involvement capabilities. The increase in such capabilities will enhance the innovativeness of service firms, thereby improving their financial and non-financial performance.Originality/valueThis study offers guidance on how a firm’s innovativeness and customer involvement work together within the service operation to enhance firm performance.
Insights into microbial community structure and function from a shallow, simulated CO2‐leakage aquifer demonstrate microbial selection and adaptation
Authors: Gulliver Djuna , Lipus Daniel , Ross Daniel , Bibby Kyle 
Published: July 2018

SummaryGeological carbon storage is likely to be a part of a comprehensive strategy to minimize the atmospheric release of carbon dioxide (CO2), raising concerns that injected CO2 will leak into overlying freshwater aquifers. CO2(aq) leakage may impact the dominant microbial community responsible for important ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, metal cycling and carbon conversion. Here, we examined the impact of an experimental in situ CO2‐leakage on a freshwater aquifer microbial community. High‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated lower microbial diversity in freshwater wells with CO2 concentrations above 1.15 g l−1. Metagenomic sequencing and population genome binning were used to evaluate the metabolic potential of microbial populations across four CO2 exposed samples and one control sample. Population genome binning resulted in the recovery and annotation of three metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). Two of the MAGs, most closely related to Curvibacter and Sulfuricurvum, had the functional capacity for CO2 utilization via carbon fixation coupled to sulfur and iron oxidation. The third draft genome was an Archaea, most closely related to Methanoregula, characterized by the metabolic potential for methanogenesis. Together, these findings show that CO2 leakage in a freshwater aquifer poses a strong selection, driving both microbial community structure and metabolic function.
Science Diplomacy and Trust Building: ‘Science China’ in the Arctic
Authors: Su Ping , Mayer Maximilian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractScience diplomacy creates possibilities for trust building in international relations. We draw on studies of science, diplomacy, and trust in IR and explore Chinese scientific activities in the Arctic in order to sketch out four mechanisms that produce procedural and generalized forms of trust: the sharing of resources and infrastructure, personal interactions, science‐based institutions, and spillover effects. The materials of the case of ‘science China’ also help to question assumptions about science diplomacy in IR as they illustrate its inherent tensions, boundaries, and limitations.
Tradeoffs between productivity and nitrogen conservation in wild and domesticated plants of the perennial crop Physaria (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Pastor‐Pastor A. , Vilela A.E. , González‐Paleo L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDomestication of desert‐adapted perennials has been proposed as an alternative to increase cropping intensity in low input environments. However, selection for high yield in perennial crops provokes indirect changes in plant resource use. These changes might alter how nitrogen is acquired, allocated, used and stored, thus affecting plant longevity and yield stability. Using the perennial forb Physaria as a model, we compared the pattern of N allocation, use and conservation of high‐yield accessions (Y), and stable yield accessions (S), with their wild counterpart (W). We found a negative relationship between seed yield and N conservation capacity and their associated traits. The shift of strategy provoked by high yield selection implies changes in N allocation and a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and conservation capacity at plant‐ and leaf‐level. S accessions also increase allocation to seeds, although they kept the N use and conservation traits of their wild counterparts, remaining in an intermediate position between the Y and W accessions profiles. The shift of strategy provoked by high yield selection implies a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and conservation capacity that may be behind the loss of longevity and yield on subsequent years. Wild and stable accessions were more conservative and show traits that promote nitrogen conservation. These are key traits that should not be lost during the selection process if breeders want to achieve the adequate ideotype of perennial crop for arid systems.
Premorbid academic and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia and its associations with negative symptoms and cognition
Authors: Bucci P. , Galderisi S. , Mucci A. , Rossi A. , Rocca P. , Bertolino A. , Aguglia E. , Amore M. , Andriola I. , Bellomo A. , Biondi M. , Cuomo A. , dell'Osso L. , Favaro A. , Gambi F. , Giordano G. M. , Girardi P. , Marchesi C. , Monteleone P. , Montemagni C. , Niolu C. , Oldani L. , Pacitti F. , Pinna F. , Roncone R. , Vita A. , Zeppegno P. , Maj M. ,   Italian Network for Research on Psychoses
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore premorbid academic and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia, and its associations with the severity of negative symptoms and neurocognitive impairment.MethodPremorbid adjustment (PA) in patients with schizophrenia was compared to early adjustment in unaffected first‐degree relatives and healthy controls. Its associations with psychopathology, cognition, and real‐life functioning were investigated. The associations of PA with primary negative symptoms and their two factors were explored.ResultsWe found an impairment of academic and social PA in patients (P ≤ 0.000001) and an impairment of academic aspects of early adjustment in relatives (P ≤ 0.01). Patients with poor PA showed greater severity of negative symptoms (limited to avolition after excluding the effect of depression/parkinsonism), working memory, social cognition, and real‐life functioning (P ≤ 0.01 to ≤0.000001). Worse academic and social PA were associated with greater severity of psychopathology, cognitive impairment, and real‐life functioning impairment (P ≤ 0.000001). Regression analyses showed that worse PA in the academic domain was mainly associated to the impairment of working memory, whereas worse PA in the social domain to avolition (P ≤ 0.000001).ConclusionOur findings suggest that poor early adjustment may represent a marker of vulnerability to schizophrenia and highlight the need for preventive/early interventions based on psychosocial and/or cognitive programs.
Prescribed sedative and other psychotropic medication use among clients attending alcohol and other drug treatment
Authors: Foulds James A. , Manning Victoria , Garfield Joshua B. B. , Allsop Steve J. , Lam Tina , Arunogiri Shalini , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPrescribed psychotropic medications contribute to overdose mortality among people with alcohol and other drug (AOD) disorders. We report on prescribed psychotropic medication use among AOD treatment service attendees, focusing on sedative drugs.Design and MethodsProspective multi‐site naturalistic outcome study in residential and outpatient AOD treatment facilities in Victoria and Western Australia. A convenience sample of 480 people (57% male; mean age 36.1) entering treatment were surveyed, of whom 313 (65%) were followed up by telephone interview after a median of 377 days. Participants’ prescribed psychotropic medication use was ascertained by self‐report at baseline and follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline, 41% of participants reported prescribed sedative medication (benzodiazepine, zopiclone or zolpidem) use within the past month, including prescriptions to treat withdrawal symptoms. At follow‐up, the cohort reported a reduced rate of past month prescribed sedative use (23%; P < 0.001) and this rate did not significantly differ between those who continued to use their primary drug of concern and those who were abstinent at follow‐up (P = 0.08). Among those with opioids as their primary drug of concern, one‐third were still being prescribed a sedative at follow‐up (P > 0.99 for change from baseline). At baseline, 40% of participants were prescribed an antidepressant and 13% an antipsychotic medication, which remained similar at follow‐up (45% and 13%, respectively).Discussion and ConclusionsThe high level of prescribed sedative drug use reported by people receiving AOD treatment is a serious public health concern given the increasing incidence of drug overdose deaths in Australia.
Modelling and mapping regional‐scale patterns of fishing impact and fish stocks to support coral‐reef management in Micronesia
Authors: Harborne Alastair R. , Green Alison L. , Peterson Nate A. , Beger Maria , Golbuu Yimnang , Houk Peter , Spalding Mark D. , Taylor Brett M. , Terk Elizabeth , Treml Eric A. , Victor Steven , Vigliola Laurent , Williams Ivor D. , Wolff Nicholas H. , zu Ermgassen Philine S.E. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimUse a fishery‐independent metric to model and map regional‐scale fishing impact, and demonstrate how this metric assists with modelling current and potential fish biomass to support coral‐reef management. We also examine the relative importance of anthropogenic and natural factors on fishes at biogeographical scales.LocationReefs of five jurisdictions in Micronesia.MethodsA subset of 1,127 fish surveys (470 surveys) was used to calculate site‐specific mean parrotfish lengths (a proxy for cumulative fishing impact), which were modelled against 20 biophysical and anthropogenic variables. The resulting model was extrapolated to each 1 ha reef cell in the region to generate a fishing impact map. The remaining data (657 surveys) were then used to model fish biomass using 15 response variables, including fishing impact. This model was used to map estimated current regional fish standing stocks and, by setting fishing impact to 0, potential standing stocks.ResultsHuman population pressure and distance to port were key anthropogenic variables predicting fishing impact. Total fish biomass was negatively correlated with fishing, but the influence of natural gradients of primary productivity, sea surface temperature, habitat quality and larval supply was regionally more important.Main conclusionsMean parrotfish length appears to be a useful fishery‐independent metric for modelling Pacific fishing impact, but considering environmental covariates is critical. Explicitly modelling fishing impact has multiple benefits, including generation of the first large‐scale map of tropical fishing impacts that can inform conservation planning. Using fishing impact data to map current and potential fish stocks provides further benefits, including highlighting the relative importance of fishing on fish biomass and identifying key biophysical variables that cause maximum potential biomass to vary significantly across the region. Regional‐scale maps of fishing, fish standing stocks and the potential benefits of protection are likely to lead to improved conservation outcomes during reserve network planning.
Delays and barriers to the commencement of clozapine in eligible people with a psychotic disorder: A literature review
Authors: Thien Kristen , O'Donoghue Brian 
Published: July 2018

AimWhile the majority of individuals with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) achieve symptomatic remission with the appropriate treatment, there is a small but significant proportion who do not achieve remission of symptoms despite adequate treatment with at least two antipsychotic medications (termed treatment resistance). Clozapine is indicated in individuals who fulfil the criteria for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, however, despite it being the most effective antipsychotic medication, there can be delays in the commencement of clozapine in eligible patients.MethodsA systematic search was performed to identify articles reporting either the time taken to commence clozapine (or delays) in eligible individuals or articles reporting barriers to the commencement of clozapine. The initial search generated 5588 articles and of these, 18 were eligible.Results13 studies described delays in commencing clozapine and five studies reported on the barriers to the commencement of clozapine. The duration of delay from when an individual was deemed eligible for clozapine treatment to the time of clozapine commencement ranged from 19.3 weeks to 5.5 years. In addition, the duration of illness prior to clozapine initiation ranged from 1.1 to 9.7 years. It was found that some clinicians were more inclined to prescribe antipsychotic polypharmacy or doses higher than recommended than to prescribe clozapine.ConclusionsDelays in commencing clozapine have been consistently demonstrated. Early intervention for psychosis services are the ideal settings to identify individuals with persistent positive psychotic symptoms and commence clozapine if indicated.
Pax6‐dependent regulation of the rat Fabp7 promoter activity
Authors: Inada Hitoshi , Numayama‐Tsuruta Keiko , Mochizuki Kentaro , Sasaki‐Hoshino Makiko , Osumi Noriko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFabp7 gene encodes a brain‐specific fatty acid‐binding protein that is widely used as a marker for neural stem cells. Here, we report that the activity of rat Fabp7 promoter was regulated directly by a transcription factor, Pax6. Deletion analyses identified an essential region (−837 to −64 from transcription start site) in the rat Fabp7 promoter. This region controls promoter activity in rat embryos and in the mouse cultured cell line MEB5. Over‐expressing wild‐type Pax6 or a dominant‐negative Pax6 mutant enhanced and suppressed, respectively, the promoter activity. Pax6 can bind the region directly, although the region contains no clear binding motif for Pax6. The rat Fabp7 promoter also contains conserved binding sites for Pbx/POU (−384 to −377) and CBF1 (−270 to −262). However, specific deletion of the sites showed no significant reduction in the promoter activity, although a gel mobility shift assay confirmed that CBF1 binds the conserved sequence. Taken together, these results suggest that the rat Fabp7 promoter is mainly regulated by Pax6. The Pax6‐dependent regulation of the rat Fabp7 expression might have an evolutionary aspect between rat and mouse; the former may need to efficiently use fatty acids to make the brain bigger than the latter.
Type‐3 von Willebrand disease in India—Clinical spectrum and molecular profile
Authors: Elayaperumal S. , Fouzia N. A. , Biswas A. , Nair S. C. , Viswabandya A. , George B. , Abraham A. , Oldenburg J. , Edison E. S. , Srivastava A. 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionType 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the rare and most severe form of VWD which results from a near‐complete deficiency of the von Willebrand factor (VWF). This study evaluates in detail the molecular pathology of type‐3 VWD in India. One hundred and two patients from 90 families were evaluated.Patients and methodsPhenotypic data, including bleeding scores (BS), were documented using structured questionnaires. Diagnosis of type 3 VWD was based on undetectable VWF antigen levels in the plasma. Genomic DNA from these patients was screened for mutations in VWF gene. Structural modeling and expression studies were carried out for missense mutations.ResultsOut of 102 patients, mutations could be identified in 91% (n = 93). Fifty‐five different gene variants were identified. Thirty‐four (61.8%) were novel. Mutations could be identified in both the alleles in 90 patients, while no causative mutation could be identified in 9 patients; twenty‐four (23.5%) patients had mutations clustered in the propeptide region of VWF. Interestingly, five mutations accounted for the defects in 37/93 (39.8%) patients. Structural analysis and in vitro studies on missense mutations imply impaired processes associated with secretion of VWF.ConclusionThis study is one of the largest series to define the molecular basis of type‐3 VWD.
Fracture incidence of instruments from a single‐file reciprocating system by students in an endodontic graduate programme: a cross‐sectional retrospective study
Authors: Caballero‐Flores H. , Nabeshima C. K. , Binotto E. , Machado M. E. L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the fracture incidence of instruments from single‐file reciprocating systems when used by students in an endodontic graduate programme.MethodologyDental records and periapical radiographs of patients treated by students on an endodontic graduate programme using reciprocating systems were assessed. Data on tooth type, number of treated root canals, number of fractured instruments, fragment size, angle, radius, arc length and position of root canal curvature where fractures occurred were tabulated for analysis. The risk of fracture was calculated for each group of teeth, root canal and root thirds, whilst the incidence of fractures reported for the reciprocating systems was compared using the chi‐squared test at 5% significance level.ResultsOverall, 2056 root canals (826 teeth) from 810 patients were included. The incidence of fractured files from single‐file reciprocating systems in relation to a number of instrumented canals was 0.92%. Fracture rates of 0.84% and 0.93% were found in 830 and 1226 root canals instrumented with WaveOne and Reciproc systems, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the systems. The highest fracture rate was 52.6% in the mesiobuccal root of mandibular molars. The central angle, radius and arc length of the curvature of root canals where the instruments fractured ranged from 58° to 84°, from 1.7 to 7.2 mm and from 2.4 to 7.6 mm, respectively.ConclusionThe use of WaveOne and Reciproc single‐file reciprocating systems in an endodontic graduate programme was associated with a low incidence of instrument fractures.