bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Aqueous‐Processed Hybrid Solar Cells: Control Depletion Region and Improve Carrier Extraction
Authors: Chen Nan‐Nan , Jin Gan , Wang Li‐Jing , Sun He‐Nan , Zeng Qing‐Sen , Yang Bai , Sun Hai‐Zhu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEnvironmental friendly aqueous‐processed solar cells have become one of the most promising candidates for the next‐generation photovoltaic devices. Researchers have made lots of progress in designing active materials with novel structures, manipulating the defects in active materials, optimizing device architecture, etc. However, it has long been a challenge to control the width of the depletion region and enhance carrier extraction ability. Fabrication of a thick bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film is an effective strategy to address these issues but difficult to realize. Herein, the thicker BHJ film of ZnO:CdTe is successfully fabricated and incorporated into CdTe‐poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) hybrid solar cells. As expected, this BHJ film enhances light absorption, extends the width of the depletion region, prolongs carrier lifetime, and promotes carrier extraction ability. Moreover, the electron transport layer of sol–gel ZnO with excellent transmittance and electrical conductivity boosts electron generation, transport, and injection, which further improves the device performance. As a result, the highest short current density (Jsc) of 19.5 mA cm−2, power conversion efficiency of 6.51%, and the widest depletion region (177 nm) are obtained in aqueous‐processed hybrid solar cells.
Metastatic cancer cell attachment to endothelium is promoted by endothelial glycocalyx sialic acid degradation
Authors: Mensah Solomon A. , Harding Ian C. , Zhang Michelle , Jaeggli Michael P. , Torchilin Vladimir P. , Niedre Mark J. , Ebong Eno E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhile it is known that cancer cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) drive metastatic cancer cell extravasation from blood vessels into secondary tumor sites, the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that neuraminidase‐induced degradation of EC surface glycocalyx (GCX), particularly the sialic acid (SA) residue components of the GCX, will substantially increase metastatic cancer cell attachment to ECs. To our knowledge, our study is the first to isolate the role of GCX SA residues in cancer cell attachment to the endothelium, which were found to be differentially affected by the presence of neuraminidase and to indeed regulate metastatic cancer cell homing to ECs. We hope that this work will eventually translate to identification of EC GCX‐based cancer markers that can be therapeutically targeted to hinder the progression of metastasis.
Adaptation and divergence in edaphic specialists and generalists: serpentine soil endemics in the California flora occur in barer serpentine habitats with lower soil calcium levels than serpentine tolerators
Authors: Sianta Shelley A. , Kay Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2019

PremiseAdaptation to harsh edaphic substrates has repeatedly led to the evolution of edaphic specialists and generalists. Yet, it is unclear what factors promote specialization versus generalization. Here, we search for habitat use patterns associated with serpentine endemics (specialists) and serpentine tolerators (generalists) to indirectly test the hypothesis that trade‐offs associated with serpentine adaptation promote specialization. We predict that (1) endemics have adapted to chemically harsher and more bare serpentine habitats than tolerators, and (2) edaphic endemics show more habitat divergence from their sister species than tolerators do among on‐ and off‐serpentine populations.MethodsWe selected 8 serpentine endemic and 9 serpentine tolerator species representing independent adaptation to serpentine. We characterized soil chemistry and microhabitat bareness from one serpentine taxon of each species and from a paired nonserpentine sister taxon, resulting in 8 endemic and 9 tolerator sister‐taxa pairs.ResultsWe find endemic serpentine taxa occur in serpentine habitats averaging twice as much bare ground as tolerator serpentine taxa and 25% less soil calcium, a limiting macronutrient in serpentine soils. We do not find strong evidence that habitat divergence between sister taxa of endemic pairs is greater than between sister taxa of tolerator pairs.ConclusionsThese results suggest serpentine endemism is associated with adaptation to chemically harsher and more bare serpentine habitats. It may be that this adaptation trades off with competitive ability, which would support the longstanding, but rarely tested, competitive trade‐off hypothesis.
Polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with maternal vitamin D concentration and neonatal outcomes: A Brazilian cohort study
Authors: Pereira‐Santos Marcos , Carvalho Gisele Q. , Louro Iúri D. , dos Santos Djanilson B. , Oliveira Ana M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the associations between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, maternal vitamin D concentration, and gestational outcomes.MethodsThe cohort consisted of 270 pregnant women who received prenatal services at basic public healthcare centers in the city of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. For statistical analysis, multiple linear regression was used.ResultsA mean of 72.62 (SD = 31.51) nmol/L for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations was found. The mean birth weight was 3.340 g (SD = 0.545 g), and the mean duration of gestation was 38.66 (SD = 1.83) weeks. Pregnant women who were homozygous for the low‐frequency allele GG of SNP TaqI had a higher concentration of vitamin D during gestation (β = 14.09 nmol/L; 95% CI = 0.85, 27.34) than the higher frequency homozygotes AA (β = 3.33 nmol/L; 95% CI = −4.37, 11.05). The children of heterozygous women for the ApaI SNP (GA) were born with a lower weight (β = −131.99 g, 95% CI = −258.50, −5.47, P = .04). The heterozygote genotype of the SNP TaqI (CA) decreased the risk of short duration of gestation (β = 0.54 weeks, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.99, P = .01), and the homozygote for the lower frequency allele in the SNP ApaI (CC) showed a negative effect, decreasing the duration of gestation (β = −0.69 weeks, 95% CI = −1.35, −0.26, P = .04).ConclusionsThe VDR gene is an important genetic predictor of a higher concentration of vitamin D during gestation, low birth weight, and decreasing duration of gestation.
Homozygous variants in the gene SCAPER cause syndromic intellectual disability
Authors: Kahrizi Kimia , Huber Mareike , Galetzka Danuta , Dewi Sri , Schröder Julia , Weis Eva , Kariminejad Ariana , Fattahi Zoherh , Ropers Hans‐Hilger , Schweiger Susann , Najmabadi Hossein , Winter Jennifer 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe S‐Phase Cyclin A Associated Protein In The ER (SCAPER) gene is a ubiquitously expressed gene with unknown function in the brain. Recently, biallelic SCAPER variants were described in four patients from three families with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and intellectual disability (ID). Here, we expand the spectrum of pathogenic variants in SCAPER and report on 10 further patients from four families with ID, RP, and additional dysmorphic features carrying homozygous variants in SCAPER. The variants found comprise frameshift, nonsense, and missense variants as well as an intragenic homozygous deletion, which spans SCAPER exons 15 and 16 and introduces a frameshift and a premature stop codon. Analyses of SCAPER expression in human and mouse brain revealed an upregulation of SCAPER expression during cortical development and a higher expression of SCAPER in neurons compared to neural progenitors. In the adult brain SCAPER is expressed in several regions including the cerebral cortex where it shows a layer‐specific expression with an expression peak in lower layer glutamatergic neurons. Our study supports the role of SCAPER variants in the pathogenesis of ID and RP, expands the variant spectrum and highlights the need for functional studies concerning the role of SCAPER during brain development and function.
Cycloid Psychosis Comorbid with Prader–Willi Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Singh Deepan , Sasson Arielle , Rusciano Vanessa , Wakimoto Yuji , Pinkhasov Aaron , Angulo Moris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPsychosis is a relatively common psychiatric phenomenon seen in patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS). However, the presentation is atypical and difficult to classify within currently defined affective or psychotic disorders. This distinct presentation may be better understood as a phenomenon called “cycloid psychosis,” described as an episodic psychosis with rapid full recovery between episodes. This study retrospectively analyzed the cases of 12 patients with genetically confirmed PWS who presented to an ambulatory psychiatric center for a change in behavior consistent with psychosis. Each case was then assessed for symptoms of cycloid psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression with psychotic features, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder. Out of the 12 patients, 11 (91.7%) met the currently described diagnostic criteria for cycloid psychosis. Of the 12 patients, 7 (58.3%) also met the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder, and 1 (8.3%) also met the diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder. None of the patients met the criteria for schizophrenia or depression with psychotic features. The findings in this study suggest that cycloid psychosis and bipolar disorder may both be comorbid with PWS. Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with PWS are atypical and clinicians should be aware of conditions such as cycloid psychosis when managing this vulnerable population.
Review of the phenotypic spectrum associated with haploinsufficiency of MYRF
Authors: Rossetti Linda Z. , Glinton Kevin , Yuan Bo , Liu Pengfei , Pillai Nishitha , Mizerik Elizabeth , Magoulas Pilar , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Karaviti Lefkothea , Sutton Vernon R. , Lalani Seema R. , Scott Daryl A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe myelin regulatory factor gene (MYRF) encodes a transcription factor that is widely expressed. There is increasing evidence that heterozygous loss‐of‐function variants in MYRF can lead to abnormal development of the heart, genitourinary tract, diaphragm, and lungs. Here, we searched a clinical database containing the results of 12,000 exome sequencing studies. We identified three previously unreported males with putatively deleterious variants in MYRF: one with a point mutation predicted to affect splicing and two with frameshift variants. In all cases where parental DNA was available, these variants were found to have arisen de novo. The phenotypes identified in these subjects included a variety of congenital heart defects (CHD) (hypoplastic left heart syndrome, scimitar syndrome, septal defects, and valvular anomalies), genitourinary anomalies (ambiguous genitalia, hypospadias, and cryptorchidism), congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and pulmonary hypoplasia. The phenotypes seen in our subjects overlap those described in individuals diagnosed with PAGOD syndrome [MIM# 202660], a clinically defined syndrome characterized by pulmonary artery and lung hypoplasia, agonadism, omphalocele, and diaphragmatic defects that can also be associated with hypoplastic left heart and scimitar syndrome. These cases provide additional evidence that haploinsufficiency of MYRF causes a genetic syndrome whose cardinal features include CHD, urogenital anomalies, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and pulmonary hypoplasia. We also conclude that consideration should be given to screening individuals with PAGOD for pathogenic variants in MYRF, and that individuals with MYRF deficiency who survive the neonatal period should be monitored closely for developmental delay and intellectual disability.
Morpholine Ketene Aminal as Amide Enolate Surrogate in Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Sempere Yeshua , Alfke Jan L. , Rössler Simon L. , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMorpholine ketene aminal is employed in iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions as a surrogate for amide enolates to prepare γ,δ‐unsaturated β‐substituted morpholine amides. Kinetic resolution or, alternatively, stereospecific substitution affords the corresponding products in high enantiomeric excess. The utility of the products generated by this method has been showcased by their further elaboration into amines, ketones, or acyl silanes. A putative catalytic intermediate (η3‐allyl)iridium(III) with achiral P,Olefin‐ligand was synthetized and characterized for the first time.
Allylic Acetals as Acrolein Oxonium Precursors in Tandem C−H Allylation and [3+2] Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Lee Heeyoung , Kang Dahye , Han Sang Hoon , Chun Rina , Pandey Ashok Kumar , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Hong Sungwoo , Kim In Su 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed C−H functionalization of (hetero)aryl azomethine imines with allylic acetals is described. The initial formation of allylidene(methyl)oxoniums from allylic acetals could trigger C(sp2)−H allylation, and subsequent endo‐type [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition of polar azomethine fragments to deliver valuable indenopyrazolopyrazolones. The utility of this method is showcased by the late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules such as estrone and celecoxib. Combined experimental and computational investigations elucidate a plausible mechanism of this new tandem reaction. Notably, the reductive transformation of synthesized compounds into biologically relevant diazocine frameworks highlights the importance of the developed methodology.
High‐flow nasal oxygen for a high‐risk patient undergoing sedation in the prone position
Authors: Sodha S. , Fernandez T. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWe describe the use of high‐flow nasal oxygen for an obese patient with obstructive sleep apnoea presenting for revision of a spinal cord stimulator. The use of high‐flow nasal oxygen allowed the delivery of a high inspired oxygen concentration with humidification and improved patient comfort compared with our usual choice of device, the Hudson mask. It also provided continuous positive airways pressure which is likely to have reduced pharyngeal collapse and atelectasis. The use of high‐flow nasal oxygen enabled the delivery and careful titration of deep sedation with propofol and remifentanil, to allow a successful revision procedure to take place without airway complications or significant oxygen desaturation in a high‐risk patient in the prone position.
Preparation of xanthan gum nanogels and their pH/redox responsiveness in controlled release
Authors: Zhang Liping , Xu Jie , Wen Quanwu , Ni Caihua 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTCrosslinked xanthan gum nanogels with pH/Redox responsiveness were prepared through an amidation reaction of xanthan gum with cystamine tetra‐hydrazide in aqueous solution by “one pot.” The structures and morphologies of the nanogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. It was found that the nanogels demonstrated good pH/redox dual‐responsiveness due to the presence of disulfide bonds and both of amino and carboxyl groups in the polymers. Doxorubicin was loaded in the nanogels and the drug‐controlled release was investigated. The disulfide bonds in the crosslinked structure could be reduced by glutathione solutions，leading to breakdown of the crosslinking structure and drug release. The nanogels were biocompatible and they had promising prospects as anti‐cancer drug carriers for targeted release. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47921.
A novel, stretchable, silver‐coated polyolefin elastomer nanofiber membrane for strain sensor applications
Authors: Chang Kangqi , Li Mufang , Zhong Weibing , Wu Yongzhi , Luo Mengying , Chen Yuanli , Liu Qiongzhen , Liu Ke , Wang Yuedan , Lu Zhentan , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we prepared a novel, stretchable, and porous polyolefin elastomer (POE) nanofiber membrane (NM) on the basis of a high‐throughput, low‐cost, environmentally friendly melt‐blending method. To obtain an excellent conductivity, we prepared the Ag–POE composite NM via a facile and effective method of electroless plating. Via the control of the pretreatment process and concentration of the reactant, a homogeneous Ag layer formed on the surface of the POE nanofibers without damaging the original thermal and mechanical properties. Because of the good stretchability, conductivity, and porosity, the Ag–POE NM was used as a strain sensor to detect the pressure and airflow. When the silver nitrate concentration was 4 g/L, a good sensitivity and durability were obtained. The current change accurately recorded the deformation of the membrane under different pressures and air flows. The results of this study provide us with an industrial method to prepare Ag–POE NM and indicate its potential application as a strain sensor for outer stimuli detection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47928.
Incorporation of different proportions of polytetrafluoroethylene and graphene into polyethersulfone matrix as efficient anticorrosive coatings
Authors: Zhang Bo , Di Yizeng , Zhu Shiyang , Wang Hongyue , Cao Guangzhao , Yao Hongyan , Song Ying , Shi Kaixiang , Tian Ye , Guan Shaowei 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTTo solve defects existing in polyethersulfone (PES) coatings and improve their performance, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and functionalized graphene (fG) are incorporated into PES coatings to develop a new PES‐PTFE/fG coating. The incorporation vastly improves the anticorrosion properties of the coatings due to the synergistic effect of PTFE's low surface energy and fG's “labyrinth effect” and their filling effects. Moreover, results of research on the effects of different adding proportions of PTFE and fG on coatings properties show that PES‐PTFE/fG1 exhibits the lowest water absorption and still possesses high anticorrosion properties after long‐term corrosion tests, suggesting that it has optimal anticorrosion properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47942.
Residue and use‐wear analysis of non‐backed retouched artefacts from Deep Creek Shelter, Sydney Basin: Implications for the role of backed artefacts
Authors: ROBERTSON GAIL , ATTENBROW VAL , HISCOCK PETER 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA previous use‐wear and residue analysis of backed artefacts from Deep Creek Shelter showed that they had a range of functions and had been used with a variety of raw materials. Were non‐backed retouched flakes at Deep Creek used for different purposes? To answer this question, 40 non‐backed specimens were selected for microscopic use‐wear and residue analysis. Not all of these non‐backed artefacts had been used, but we identified that many were scrapers, knives, incisors and saws. These tools were used for bone‐working and wood‐working, and possibly skin‐working and non‐woody plant‐processing. Some of these non‐backed retouched artefacts were hafted. For the first time, these results allow comparison of the tool use of backed and non‐backed artefacts in Australia. At Deep Creek, the range of functions for the non‐backed component was extremely similar to that of the backed artefacts. Although both artefact categories displayed similar tool use, they are distinguished in one interesting way: non‐backed specimens were often single purpose, dedicated to one function, whereas backed artefacts were often multifunctional and multipurpose. These results help us understand the structure of tool use in Australia.
A Flexible Two‐Fold Interpenetrated Indium MOF Exhibiting Dynamic Response to Gas Adsorption and High‐Sensitivity Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives
Authors: Cao Zhen , Chen Lian , Li Shengchang , Yu Muxin , Li Zhijia , Zhou Kang , Liu CaiPing , Jiang Feilong , Hong Maochun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA flexible two‐fold interpenetrated indium metal‐organic framework InOF‐23, featuring one‐dimensional micro‐sized channels decorated by exposed N groups, was successfully synthesized. Interestingly, InOF‐23 displays unique dynamic responses to different gases (N2, Ar, and CO2) at low and room temperatures, which indicates that it can be a good candidate for gas adsorption and separation. Furthermore, the high efficiency detection for p‐nitroaniline (pNA) makes InOF‐23 a potential chemosensor for nitroaromatic explosives.
Functional characterization of host toxic EcdB transcription factor protein of echinocandin B biosynthetic gene cluster
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Kumar Vinay , Kumar Antresh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ecdB is a transcription factor, located in the echinocandin B biosynthetic gene cluster of Emericella rugulosa NRRL11440. Here, we validated the ecdB mRNA sequence for functional expression and to explore the role of EcdB protein in the echinocandin B regulation. The sequence alignment study revealed that the ecdB coding sequence was found 75 bp shorter than the reference mRNA sequence. This coding sequence encodes for EcdB protein and comprises three conserved domains; DNA binding domain (DBD), coiled‐coil domain, and signature middle homology region. The full‐length and DBD (truncated) DNA sequences were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) under different tested conditions. The expression of EcdB protein was found to be toxic, which curbs the cell growth. In contrast to truncated protein (GST:EcdB1‐54), the full‐length (GST:EcdB) protein was expressed at very low titer and not detectable in SDS‐PAGE under the varying isopropyl β‐d‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), temperature, and media conditions. However, GST:EcdB1‐54 was successfully purified under standard conditions (0.5 mM IPTG at 0.5OD) with 33 kDa expected size. The functionality of GST:EcdB1‐54 was attained by electrophoretic mobility shift assay study as a clear band shifting showed with ecdA promoter. Taken together, we conclude that EcdB interacts with the ecdA promoter that reflected to require for echinocandin B regulation.
Nachweisverfahren zum Erhalt des gemauerten Chemnitztal‐Viadukts
Authors: Purtak Frank 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAm Beispiel der gemauerten neunfeldrigen Eisenbahn‐Bogenbrücke in Chemnitz werden für den Nachweis der Standsicherheit verschiedene Verfahren gegenübergestellt. Die maßgebende Stützlinie wird mithilfe einer speziellen FE‐Berechnungssoftware ermittelt, welche die Strukturnichtlinearität von gemauerten Konstruktionen berücksichtigt. Die Bemessungsfestigkeit des Mauerwerks unter ausmittiger Beanspruchung wird mit verschiedenen Verfahren ermittelt. Zur Kalibrierung des Berechnungsmodells wurden Belastungsversuche mit einem 600‐t‐Schwertransport durchgeführt. Der Erhalt des Chemnitztal‐Viadukts soll Ziel der Untersuchung sein.
Peptoids as tools and sensors
Authors: Culf Adrian S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA review of molecular tools and sensors assembled onN‐substituted glycine, or α‐peptoid, oligomers between 2013 and November 2018 with the following sections: (a) Peptoids as crystal growth modifiers, (b) Peptoids as catalysts, (c) Ion and molecule sequestration and transport, (d) Peptoid sensors, (e) Macromolecule recognition, (f) Cellular transporters, (g) Medical imaging, (h) Future direction and (i) Summary and outlook. Peptoids are a promising class of peptide mimic making them an excellent platform for functional molecule preparation. Attributes of peptoid oligomers include: (a) the ease of precise sequence definition and mono‐dispersity; (b) access to a vast chemical space within simple and repeating chemical preparative steps and (c) thermal, chemical and biological stability all lending support for their application in a number of areas, with some that have been realised to date. The peptoid tool and sensor examples selected have realised practical utility. They serve to illustrate the rapidity of new insight that can generate in many disparate areas of science and technology, enabling the quick assembly of design criteria for efficient peptoid molecular tools and sensors.