bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events After Parathyroidectomy in Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Ivarsson Kerstin M. , Akaberi Shahriar , Isaksson Elin , Reihnér Eva , Czuba Tomasz , Prütz Karl‐Göran , Clyne Naomi , Almquist Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundA majority of patients with end‐stage renal disease suffer from secondary hyperparathyroidism, which is associated with osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is often necessary despite medical treatment. However, the effect of PTX on cardio‐ and cerebrovascular events (CVE) remains unclear. Data on the effect of PTX from population‐based studies are scarce. Some studies have shown decreased incidence of CVE after PTX. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PTX on risk of CVE in patients on renal replacement therapy.MethodsWe performed a nested case–control study within the Swedish Renal Registry (SRR) by matching PTX patients on dialysis or with functioning renal allograft with up to five non‐PTX controls for age, sex and underlying renal disease. To calculate time to CVE, i.e., myocardial infarct, stroke and transient ischemic attack, control patients were assigned the calendar date (d) of the PTX of the case patient. Crude and adjusted proportional hazards regressions with random effect (frailty) were used to calculate hazard ratios for CVE.ResultsThe study cohort included 20,056 patients in the SRR between 1991 and 2009. Among these, 579 patients had undergone PTX, 423 during dialysis and 156 during time with functioning renal allograft. These patients were matched with 1234 dialysis and 736 transplanted non‐PTX patients. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of CVE after PTX was 1.24 (1.03–1.49) for dialysis patients compared with non‐PTX patients. Corresponding results for patients with renal allograft at d were HR (95% CI) 0.53 (0.34–0.84).ConclusionsPTX patients on dialysis at d had a higher risk of CVE than patients without PTX. Patients with renal allograft at d on the other had a lower risk after PTX than patients without PTX.
Semiconductor chip’s quality analysis based on its high dimensional test data
Authors: Kai Sun , Jin Wu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA semiconductor chip usually has thousands test parameters in order to guaranteed its quality. Hence, a batch of chips’ test data set include thousands of float data. The primary goal of dealing with this test data is to obtain the fault parameter distribution and judge the chip’s quality. It is a challenge due to the large scale and complex relationship of the test data set. This paper presents a novel method to analyze the test data set by meshing the quality theory and scientific data visualization. First, transfer the test data set to a quality classifier matrix Q: a series of quality region is defined based on quality theory, which is the baseline to classify the test data set into different group and mark them with various number. Second, form a quality-spectrum: define a color rule based on the RGB color model and color the quality classifier matrix Q. Hence chip’s quality distribution could be observed through the quality-spectrum. Furthermore, by analyzing the quality-spectrum, the chip’s quality could be quantitative and fault diagnose has a data basic. One case is included to illustrate appropriateness of the proposed method.
CO2 microbubble colloidal gas aphrons for EOR application: the generation using porous filter, diameter size analysis and gas blocking impact on sweep efficiency
Authors: Natawijaya Mochammad Andy , Sugai Yuichi , Anggara Ferian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe CO2 is regarded to be an excellent solvent for miscible flooding. However, it is still facing a main problem which is the high mobility. Microbubbles with their unique characters offer some advantages for CO2 EOR application. Different pore throat size filters were used to generate different dominant sizes of microbubbles that were injected into sandpacks under tertiary condition. Microscopic analysis was carried out to visualize the presence, stability and behavior of microbubbles inside the solution and porous media. The microbubbles with a dominant size of 10–50 µm showed additional 26.38% of oil recovery, showing their advantages over a larger dominant size of microbubbles up to 5.28% of oil recovery. The injection with larger microbubbles with a dominant size of 70–150 µm showed 27.5% of higher injection pressure than with a smaller dominant size of microbubbles, showing their advantage in gas blocking ability. In the heterogeneous porous media experiment, the recovery volume ratio between low- and high-permeability sandpacks was increased from 1:57 during water flooding to 1:4 during the CO2 microbubble injection with 74.65% of additional recovery from a low-permeability zone, showing the microbubble gas blocking capability to change the flow pattern inside heterogeneous porous media.
Boys, Girls, and Grandparents: The Impact of the Sex of Preschool-Aged Children on Family Living Arrangements and Maternal Labor Supply
Authors: Sun Ang , Zhang Chuanchuan , Hu Xiangting 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, we consider household decision-making on living arrangements and maternal labor supply in extended families with young children. In such a context, decision-making is driven by the concerns that the companionship of children is a household public good and that family members share childcare and related domestic duties. The incentive to share children’s companionship is affected by son preference, whereas the economic motive of labor division hinges on the potential wage rate of the mother. Both channels play important roles in households with mothers whose wage rates are high, while sharing the companionship of (grand) sons is the main driving force in households with mothers whose wage rates are low. Using China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, we find that among less-educated mothers, the incidence of a family coresiding with the paternal grandmother is at least 8.6 percentage points higher if the firstborn is a boy. At the same time, maternal labor supply increases by 2.9 days per month. By contrast, for educated mothers, the propensity for coresidence is higher, the working hours are longer, and the impact of the child’s sex is not significant. Our study not only provides a better understanding of the demographic and economic factors determining coresidence and intrahousehold time allocations but also lends empirical support to policies aiming to increase female labor supply and improve the well-being of girls.
Comparison of 18F‐florbetaben quantification results using the standard Centiloid, MR‐based, and MR‐less CapAIBL® approaches: Validation against histopathology
Authors: Doré Vincent , Bullich Santiago , Rowe Christopher C. , Bourgeat Pierrick , Konate Salamata , Sabri Osama , Stephens Andrew W. , Barthel Henryk , Fripp Jurgen , Masters Colin L. , Dinkelborg Ludger , Salvado Olivier , Villemagne Victor L. , De Santi Susan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroduction18F‐florbetaben is currently approved for the visual rule out of β‐amyloid (Aβ) pathology. It is also used for recruitment and as an outcome measure in therapeutic trials, requiring accurate and reproducible quantification of Aβ burden in the brain.MethodsData from eighty‐eight subjects (52 male subjects, aged 79.8 ± 10.6 years) who underwent antemortem 18F‐florbetaben positron emission tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging less than a year before neuropathological assessment at autopsy were evaluated. Image analysis was performed using the standard Centiloid (CL) statistical parametric mapping approach and CapAIBL®. Imaging results were compared against autopsy data.ResultsAgainst combined Bielschowsky silver staining and immunohistochemistry histopathological scores, statistical parametric mapping had 96% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and 95% accuracy, whereas magnetic resonance–less CapAIBL standardized uptake value ratioWhole Cerebellum had 94% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and 95% accuracy. Based on the combined histopathological scores, a CL threshold band of 19 ± 7 CL was determined.DiscussionQuantification of 18F‐florbetaben positron emission tomography scans using magnetic resonance–based and magnetic resonance–less CapAIBL® approaches showed high agreement, establishing a pathology‐based threshold in CL.
Acquired Buried Penis in Adults: A Review of Surgical Management
Authors: Smith-Harrison Luriel I. , Piotrowski Joshua , Machen G. Luke , Guise Amy 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAcquired buried penis (ABP) is a urologic condition that has significant morbidity and negative effect on quality of life, including but not limited to sexual function, hygiene, micturition, and self-image. This disease process is characterized by a wide degree of variability and severity that requires a patient-specific approach and significant flexibility on the surgeon’s behalf.AimTo review and present the current evaluation and surgical management of this rare and complex patient population.MethodsA structured review of the English language literature from 1970 to June 2018 was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE medical databases. Queried terms included “buried penis,” “concealed penis,” “hidden penis,” “adult buried penis,” “cicatricial penis,” “trapped penis,” “inconspicuous penis,” “scrotoplasty and obesity,” “penile release,” “penile skin graft,” “penile reconstruction,” and “pubic lift.” Papers were individually reviewed for their utility and applicability to the management of adult ABP. Manuscripts focusing on pediatric patients were excluded.Main Outcome MeasureCurrent surgical management options for adult ABP are heterogenous but focus on preserving shaft length while improving cosmesis and voiding function.ResultsSurgical versatility remains critical for successful outcomes. However, recent advances in surgical techniques for correction of adult ABP focus on the use of skin grafting to cover the shaft, along with lipectomy and/or scrotoplasty to further aid penile exposure. Collaboration with multiple surgical services is often required to achieve optimal outcomes.ConclusionABP is a complex urologic condition with equally complex surgical treatment options. Care must be taken when planning a surgical intervention, and support from plastic or general surgery may be required. However, with careful selection, surgical correction frequently leads to significant improvement in function and quality of life.
Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony and Food Systems Literacy: Transforming the Global Industrial Food System
Authors: Rose Nicholas , Lourival Izo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNational and global food systems are beset by intersecting and mutually reinforcing crises of public and ecological health. The locus of these crises resides primarily in the excessive concentration of corporate power and control. Deploying a Gramscian theory of politics as a contribution to the ongoing development of a critical food-based environmental education pedagogy, this article argues that transformative change requires the mass exercise of food citizenship directed towards the realisation of a socially just and ecologically sustainable food system, as contemplated by the principles of food sovereignty. The article argues further that food citizenship in turn presupposes levels of engagement and motivation that will only come from processes of transformative learning and critical consciousness-raising through an emerging form of environmental education: critical food systems literacy.
Simulation curricular content in postgraduate emergency medicine: A multicentre Delphi study
Authors: Kester-Greene Nicole , Hall Andrew K , Walsh Catharine M 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThere is increasing evidence to support integration of simulation into medical training; however, no national emergency medicine (EM) simulation curriculum exists. Using Delphi methodology, we aimed to identify and establish content validity for adult EM curricular content best suited for simulation-based training, to inform national postgraduate EM training.MethodsA national panel of experts in EM simulation iteratively rated potential curricular topics, on a 4-point scale, to determine those best suited for simulation-based training. After each round, responses were analyzed. Topics scoring <2/4 were removed and remaining topics were resent to the panel for further ratings until consensus was achieved, defined as Cronbach α ≥ 0.95. At conclusion of the Delphi process, topics rated ≥ 3.5/4 were considered “core” curricular topics, while those rated 3.0-3.5 were considered “extended” curricular topics.ResultsForty-five experts from 13 Canadian centres participated. Two hundred eighty potential curricular topics, in 29 domains, were generated from a systematic literature review, relevant educational documents and Delphi panellists. Three rounds of surveys were completed before consensus was achieved, with response rates ranging from 93-100%. Twenty-eight topics, in eight domains, reached consensus as “core” curricular topics. Thirty-five additional topics, in 14 domains, reached consensus as “extended” curricular topics.ConclusionsDelphi methodology allowed for achievement of expert consensus and content validation of EM curricular content best suited for simulation-based training. These results provide a foundation for improved integration of simulation into postgraduate EM training and can be used to inform a national simulation curriculum to supplement clinical training and optimize learning.
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment as a Cognitive Screening Tool in Athletes
Authors: Debert Chantel Teresa , Stilling Joan , Wang Meng , Sajobi Tolulope , Kowalski Kristina , Benson Brian Walter , Yeates Keith , Dukelow Sean Peter 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a cognitive screening tool known to accurately measure mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in many different neurological populations.Objective:We aimed to determine whether a sport-related concussion (SRC) history and other concussion modifiers influence global cognitive function in high-performance athletes.Methods:A cross-sectional study of 326 varsity and national team athletes aged 18–36 years was completed at the University of Calgary Sports Medicine Clinic, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the total MoCA score, MoCA subscales, and number of previous SRC, adjusting for age, sex, sport participation (SP), and concussion modifiers.Results:Athletes with a history of three or more SRC were 5.36 times more likely to score less than 26/30 on the MoCA (the cutoff for MCI) compared to athletes with two or less SRC (p= 0.02). Males were 2.23 times more likely to have MCI than females (p= 0.0004). There was a significant relationship between the number of previous concussions and the MoCA subscales of attention (p= 0.05) and abstraction (p= 0.003). Age, SP, and concussion modifiers (migraine, depression, anxiety, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder) did not influence the relationship between MoCA and previous concussion history.Conclusion:In the appropriate clinical context, cognitive screening with the MoCA may benefit clinical care in athletes with multiple previous SRC, but should not replace a full neuropsychological assessment. Thus, further research is needed to compare the MoCA to full neuropsychological assessments in this population.
Fabrication of kW-level chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings and filtering of stimulated Raman scattering in high-power CW oscillators
Authors: Jiao Kerong , Shu Jian , Shen Hua , Guan Zhiwen , Yang Feiyan , Zhu Rihong 
Published: May 2019

Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) by means of chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings (CTFBGs) has become a key topic. However, research on high-power systems is still lacking due to two problems. Firstly, after the inscription, there are a large number of hydroxyl compounds and hydrogen molecules in CTFBGs that cause significant heating due to their strong infrared absorption. Secondly, CTFBGs can couple Stokes light from the core to the cladding and the coating, which causes serious heating in the coating of the CTFBG. Aimed at overcoming these bottlenecks, a process that combines constant-low-temperature and variable-high-temperature annealing is used to reduce the thermal slope of the CTFBG. Also, a segmented-corrosion cladding power stripping technology is used on the CTFBG to remove the Stokes light which is coupled to the cladding, which solves the problem of overheating in the coating of the CTFBG. Thereby, a CTFBG with both a kilowatt-level power-carrying load and the ability to suppress SRS in a fiber laser has been developed. Further, we establish a kW-level CW oscillator to test the CTFBG. Experimental results demonstrate that the power-carrying load of the CTFBG is close to 1 kW, the thermal slope is lower than $0.015\,^{\circ }\text{C}/\text{W}$, and the SRS suppression ratio is nearly 23 dB.
Implementation of cleaning and evaluation process for mobile patient equipment using adenosine triphosphate
Authors: Reese Sara M. , Knepper Bryan C. , Kurtz Jennifer , Christy LeQuire D. , Van Winks Tina , Bonn Jennifer , Young Heather L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe implemented a cleaning process for mobile patient equipment (MPE) and determined its success using adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) monitoring and data feedback. Following education for staff and ATP data feedback, the data suggest that the MPE cleaning program we implemented was successful.
Black knight as a strategic choice? Causes and modes of Russia's support to the authoritarianism in Southern Caucasus
Authors: Natalizia Gabriele 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite recurring elections and the transition to multiparty systems, authoritarianism has re-emerged in the Post-Soviet Space. Along with domestic factors, the external dimension should also be considered to fully understand this regional trend. Scholars depict Russia as a typical ‘black knight’ for democracy. While most of the literature deals with the Kremlin's policies in the ‘new’ Eastern Europe, this article pays attention to Russia's actions in the relatively understudied Southern Caucasus. Specifically, it investigateswhyandhowMoscow tried to thwart democratization in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. The diachronic analysis addresses three periods, namely, Yeltsin's presidency, the first Putin presidency and the Putin–Medvedev diarchy. Findings suggest that the Kremlin implemented an increasingly nuanced and intentional black knight strategy in Southern Caucasus, aimed at gaining primacy in the Post-Soviet Space and recognition of its great power status.
The stubbornness of authoritarianism: autocracy-to-autocracy transitions in the world between 2000 and 2015
Authors: Del Panta Gianni 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhilst much of the contemporary debate on regime change remains concentrated on transitions to and from democracy, this paper focuses on autocracy-to-autocracy transitions, a relatively understudied but particularly relevant phenomenon. Building on an updated typology of non-democratic regimes and through a qualitative case-by-case assessment, the present paper identifies 21 transitions from one dictatorship to another, out of 32 cases of autocratic breakdown during the 2000–15 period. Hence, after the fall of a dictatorship, the installation of a new authoritarian regime was almost twice as likely as democratization. Accordingly, the paper focuses on the 21 recorded autocracy-to-autocracy transitions and examines in which non-democratic regimes a transition from an autocracy to another is more likely to occur, which peculiar forms of authoritarian rule tend to be installed, and the specific ways in which the dismantling of the previous existing authoritarian rule is achieved.
THE RISE OF THE PRINCELINGS IN CHINA: CAREER ADVANTAGES AND COLLECTIVE ELITE REPRODUCTION
Authors: Zhang Tony Huiquan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHow have China's princelings benefitted from their family backgrounds in their careers? This study seeks to answer the question and, in so doing, to add to the existing factionalist and meritocracy approaches to Chinese political elites. Based on biographical data of 293 princelings, quantitative analyses show that princelings have various advantages over non-princeling officials on the Central Committee. This is not simply familial advantage, however, as regression analysis finds parents’ rank and longevity do not significantly affect princelings’ career outcomes. Rather, the findings suggest that princelings benefit from membership in an affiliative status group, which differs from factions. The qualitative analysis find princelings’ status is formed and reproduced in a “collective” manner: (1) princelings’ status and early advantages originated in the state's centralized resource allocation system; (2) princelings’ education and career choices are intertwined with the state's practical and ideological goals; (3) princelings’ shared life courses strengthens their collective identity; (4) princelings’ career advantages are secured by the party-state's cadre management system. These factors combine to reproduce princelings’ elite status within the party and state, what I term “collective elite reproduction.”
Kalana Lagerstätte crinoids: Early Silurian (Llandovery) of central Estonia
Authors: Ausich William I. , Wilson Mark A. , Tinn Oive 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Kalana Lagerstätte of early Aeronian (Llandovery, Silurian) age in central Estonia preserves a diverse shallow marine biota dominated by non-calcified algae. This soft-tissue flora and decalcified and calcified crinoids are preserved in situ, in a lens of microlaminated, dolomitized micrite interbedded in a sequence of dolomitized packstones and wackestones. Although the Lagerstätte is dominated by non-calcified algae, crinoids (together with brachiopods and gastropods) are among the most common organisms that were originally comprised of a carbonate skeleton. Two new crinoids are described from this unit,Kalanacrinus mastikaen. gen. n. sp. (large camerate) andTartucrinus kalanaensisn. gen. n. sp. (small disparid). Interestingly, these two crinoids display contrasting preservation, with the more common large camerate preserved primarily as a decalcified organic residue, whereas the smaller disparid is preserved primarily in calcite. Preservation was assessed using elemental mapping of C, Ca, S, and Si. Columns have the highest portion of Ca, once living soft tissue is indicated by C, S was dispersed as pyrite or associated with organics, and Si is probably associated with clay minerals in the matrix. This new fauna increases our understanding of the crinoid radiation on Baltica following Late Ordovician extinctions.UUID:http://zoobank.org/fb1f98c4-d35a-43f4-aa0d-75e4f8154a13