bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biostatistical Analysis: A Primer for Clinical Exercise Physiology, Part II
Authors: Divine George W. , Havstad Suzanne L. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper is the second in a two-part series intended to provide a brief overview of some of the important concepts in the field of biostatistics. In this paper, basic analysis methods are reviewed and issues important to the conduct and interpretation of research studies are discussed. Statistical methods of analysis are dependent on the type of data to be analyzed. Five common types of data are briefly explained: nominal, binary, ordinal, discrete, and continuous. Basic analysis methods are presented in the context of these defined data types. The interpretation of a study's results is the final critical step upon completion of a research study. The issues of critical thinking, bias, confounding, validity and the potential for over-interpretation of research results are discussed. Understanding biostatistical concepts and appropriately employing them over the course of the study is an essential part of quality research.
ALTERNATIF GEDUNG PELATARAN PARKIR UNTUK MENGURANGI KEMACETAN LALU LINTAS PADA JALAN AHMAD YANI DI MEDAN
Authors: Thamrin Husni 
Published: December 2018

Abstract: congestion on the office and trade areas especially on Jalan Ahmad Yani is not very good. Average velocity of traffic in the morning or afternoon is only about 2 km / h, indicating the level of service on the road in the worst condition. Before getting the solution of the problem, it needs to be identified and planning things that have the potential to avoid such congestion. This study describes the existing conditions, descriptions and analysis of survey data carried out until later will be planned Building Parking Places to overcome this. The building is intended as an effort that serves the users of vehicles in a region section of Medan. It is expected that this Parking Building Building with the surrounding building can support each other. In general, this development plan only serves a particular vehicle, as a chain of facilities provided from vehicle manufacturers. The purpose of the public service is parked as much as possible, this Parking Service Building does not restrict the service only to the area where it is located, the service and placement for parking can come from outside the area in question, that is with related activities around it.Keywords: Parking Field, Vehicle Circulation, Congestion Abstrak: Kemacetan lalu lintas pada kawasan perkantoran dan perdagangan terutama di Jalan Ahmad Yani sudah sangat tidak baik. Rata-rata kecepatan arus kenderaan pada pagi atau siang hari hanya sekitar 2 km/jam, menunjukan tingkat pelayanan di jalan tersebut pada kondisi terburuk. Sebelum mendapatkan solusi dari masalah tersebut, perlu diidentifikasi dan perencanaan hal yang berpotensi untuk menghindari kemacetatan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggambarkan kondisi yang ada, deskripsi dan analisa data survei yang dilakukan sampai nantinya akan direncanakan Gedung Pelataran Parkir untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Gedung dimaksudkan sebagai usaha yang melayani pemakai kendaraan dalam suatu wilayah dibagian kota Medan. Diharapkan Gedung Pelataran Parkir ini dengan yang gedung sekitarnya dapat saling menunjang. Pada umumnya rencana pembangunan ini hanya melayani kendaraan tertentu, sebagai mata rantai dari fasilitas yang diberikan dari produsen kendaraan. Tujuan pelayanan masyarakat yang berparkir semaksimal, Gedung Pelataran Parkir ini tidak membatasi pelayanan hanya pada wilayah dimana ia berada, pelayanan dan penempatan untuk parkir dapat datang dari luar wilayah yang dimaksud, yaitu dengan aktivitas-aktivitas yang berhubungan disekitarnya.Kata Kunci: Pelataran Parkir, Sirkulasi Kenderaan, Kemacetan
PERUBAHAN CITRA KAWASAN KOTA BARU YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Suwanto Noor 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:. New Town area built using the concept of Garden City is currently experiencing many changes so that the image of the Kota Baru area is difficult to recognize in accordance with the concept of Garden City. Changes experienced by Kota Baru area is changing land use, visual changes in buildings, open spaces change. This study aims to determine the image of the Kota Baru area in accordance with the concept of Garden City in the early days of established, the present, changes in the image of the region, and efforts to strengthen the image of the region. The research method used qualitative method which then analyzed descriptively. The study was conducted on the entire Kota Baru area based on Garden City's theory by Ebenezer Howard and Thomas Karsten, in the use of Kevin Lynch City image imagery with aspects of Identity, Structure, and Meaning. The result of this research is that the image of the area at the beginning was very strongly visible from all aspects of area image. But the image of surveillance at the time of now a days not all aspects look strong, the strongest aspect seen in the path element, and the sense of the enclosure (enclosure).Keyword: Garden City, image of Kota Baru, change of image Abstrak: Kawasan Kota Baru yang dibangun menggunakan konsep Garden City saat ini kondisinya sudah mengalami banyak perubahan sehingga citra dari kawasan Kota Baru sulit untuk dikenali sesuai dengan konsep Garden City. Perubahan yang dialami kawasan Kota Baru adalah tata guna lahan berubah, perubahan visual bangunan, ruang-ruang terbuka mengalami perubahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui citra kawasan Kota Baru sesuai dengan konsep Garden City pada masa awal didirikan, masa sekarang, perubahan citra kawasan, dan upaya untuk menguatkan citra kawasan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan pada seluruh kawasan Kota Baru berdasarkan teori Garden City oleh Ebenezer Howard dan Thomas Karsten, di gunakan teori citra Kota Kevin Lynch dengan aspek Identitas, Struktur, dan Makna. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah citra kawasan pada awal didirikan sangat kuat terlihat dari semua aspek citra kawaan. Tetapi citra kawasan pada masa sekrang tidak semua aspek terlihat kuat, aspek paling kuat terlihat pada elemen path, dan rasa akan keterlingkupan (enclosure).Kata Kunci: konsep Garden City, citra Kota Baru, perubahan citra
Archéologie et archéométrie : quelques réflexions
Authors: Boüard Michel de 
Published: December 2018

La plupart des courants nouveaux qui animent aujourd'hui la recherche archéologique tendent assez exclusivement à rénover les démarches du raisonnement archéologique ; ils ne prêtent guère d'attention à la description, à la définition externe et interne des données de toute nature auxquelles s'applique ce raisonnement. Au contraire, l'archéométrie se propose d'utiliser, pour une plus complète connaissance de ces données, les moyens de recherche offerts par la physique, la chimie, et diverses autres sciences. Ses objectifs sont les mêmes que ceux de l'archéologie : toutes deux ont une finalité historique. Cependant, beaucoup d'archéologues s'obstinent à éluder les problèmes déontologiques et méthodologiques que pose aux archéologues le développement de l'archéométrie.
L'auteur propose un certain nombre de moyens propres à rendre plus habituelle, plus éclairée et plus efficace la nécessaire coopération entre les archéologues et les spécialistes de l'analyse et de la datation en laboratoire.
Discovery of Tidal RR Lyrae Stars in the Bulge Globular Cluster M62∗
Authors: Minniti Dante , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Ripepi Vincenzo , Alonso-García Javier , Ramos Rodrigo Contreras , Marconi Marcella 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The RR Lyrae (RRL) rich globular cluster M62 (NGC 6266) is one of the most massive globular clusters in the Milky Way, located in the dense region of the Galactic bulge, where dynamical processes that affect the survival of globular clusters are maximized. Using Gaia second data release data we have found clear evidence for an excess of RRLs beyond the cluster tidal radius of M62, associated partly with stars stripped into the Galaxy field. This is confirmed with new Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy Variables in the Via Lactea Extended survey observations, which discard any differential reddening effect as the possible cause of the observed RRL density excess. We also determined the orbit of M62 using accurate new measurements of its distance, radial velocity, and proper motions, finding that its orbit is prograde with respect to the direction of the Galactic rotation. Orbits are integrated in the non-axisymmetric galactic model GravPot16, which includes the perturbations due to the central Galactic bar. M62 shows a particular orbital behavior, having a dynamical signature of the bar-bulge region. The small extra-tidal RRLs extensions that are observed are roughly aligned toward the galactic center, and the direction is almost perpendicular to the galactic plane, not with its motion along its orbit. This may be a clear sign of bulge-crossing shocks during the last passage close of the cluster toward its perigalacticon. M62 would be the first clear observed case of bulge shocking in the inner Galaxy acting on a globular cluster.
Changing Perceptions of the European Union in Central Asia
Authors: Arynov Zhanibek 
Published: December 2018

L’année 2018 marque le 25e anniversaire du début des relations diplomatiques entre l’Union européenne (UE) et les pays d’Asie centrale. Au cours de cette période, l’UE n’a cessé d’accroître sa présence dans la région. Pour autant, l’UE n’est pas encore devenue un acteur puissant en Asie centrale. En comparaison avec d’autres acteurs, et en particulier la Russie, la Chine et les États-Unis, l’influence politique et économique de l’UE reste limitée. Toutefois, l’avantage relatif de l’UE par rapport aux autres acteurs réside dans l’image positive et bienveillante qui lui est attribuée. L’UE peut tirer parti de son attractivité et de son « soft power », un avantage qui tend à diminuer rapidement depuis peu. Afin de conserver son image positive dans la région, l’UE doit envisager de prendre des mesures appropriées en révisant sa stratégie. Une option consiste à développer des outils de communication basés sur Internet, qui seront adaptés à l’Asie centrale, sans pour autant nécessiter d’importantes ressources de la part de l’UE.
Providing Security along the Silk Road: Bridging the Russian and Chinese Security Concerns in Central Asia
Authors: Vishnevskaya-Mann Anastasia 
Published: December 2018

Bien que l’Asie centrale demeure une région relativement stable, elle fait face à divers problèmes de sécurité : risque de radicalisation, terrorisme, affrontements ethniques, trafic de drogue et répercussions de l’Afghanistan. Zone d’influence de plus en plus disputée entre la Chine et la Russie, la sécurité y est assurée par un réseau de mécanismes bilatéraux ainsi que par les organisations régionales de sécurité (OTSC et OSC). En raison de la détérioration de l’économie russe et de la diminution de l’effet de levier sur les États d’Asie centrale, le rôle de l’OTSC se réduit. Depuis l’élargissement de l’OCS, la question se pose de savoir si l’organisation sera en mesure de continuer à servir de plate-forme de médiation entre les intérêts de la Chine et ceux de la Russie. Les deux pays, réticents à s’engager dans une coopération multilatérale à part entière, préfèrent leurs propres formes de coopération en matière de sécurité, tant avec les États de la région qu’entre eux. Ce filet de sécurité pourrait toutefois s’avérer insuffisant.
L’impact économique et financier du Brexit
Authors: Mourlon-Druol Emmanuel 
Published: December 2018

Depuis le vote du peuple britannique pour quitter l’Union européenne le 23 juin 2016, les analyses de l’impact économique et financier du Brexit sur le Royaume-Uni et sur l’Europe sont légion. Apocalyptiques ou fantasmées, objectives ou biaisées, ces analyses occultent souvent l’impact le plus important : l’inquantifiable perte des bénéfices d’une relation de coopération étroite entre Londres et le continent tissée depuis plus d’un demi-siècle.
Le défi de la démocratie européenne
Authors: Lefebvre Maxime 
Published: December 2018

L’affirmation du rôle du Parlement européen est une réponse au reproche de déficit démocratique dans l’Union. Cette affirmation reste inachevée, du fait de la nature même de l’Union européenne. On doit concevoir cette Union comme une « fédération en devenir », équilibrant la légitimité des démocraties nationales et celle du Parlement européen. La procédure de désignation des Spitzenkandidaten , candidats têtes de liste des partis européens, permet de renforcer l’espace du débat public européen.
Numbers with Almost all Convergents in a Cantor Set
Authors: Roy Damien , Schleischitz Johannes 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn 1984, K. Mahler asked how well elements in the Cantor middle third set can be approximated by rational numbers from that set and by rational numbers outside of that set. We consider more general missing digit sets $C$ and construct numbers in $C$ that are arbitrarily well approximable by rationals in $C$, but badly approximable by rationals outside of $C$. More precisely, we construct them so that all but finitely many of their convergents lie in $C$.
MISSOURI'S PLAN FOR MILK ANALYSTS IN THE STATE AND LABORATORY CERTIFICATION
Authors: Adams Irma C. 
Published: December 2018

The objectives of a milk workshop has been outlined and the technic of handling it was covered. There were twelve laboratories in the State that participated with six staff members conducting the week's work. The agenda dealt with the fundamentals of milk bacteriology and adhered completely to Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, Ninth Edition, 1948. Where alternate procedures were allowed the most practical method was agreed upon and accepted as Missouri's Standard Procedure.
Details of certification of milk laboratories were developed.
VACCINES IN DAIRY ANIMAL DISEASE CONTROL*
Authors: Scheidy S. F. 
Published: December 2018

A number of important diseases of dairy cattle can be prevented by the use of vaccines. Such vaccines are produced and distributed under the supervision of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry.
In this article pertinent information is given with respect to vaccines for use against anthrax, blackleg, malignant edema, bacillary hemoglobinuria, brucellosis, hemorrhagic septicemia, and several other less important diseases of dairy cattle.
EFFECT OF PREHEATING TIME ON THE INACTIVATION OF PHOSPHATASE IN MILK*
Authors: Lear S. A. , Foster H. G. 
Published: December 2018

The authors consider the incongruities encountered when the phosphatase test is applied to milk and offer a practical mathematical solution for some of them. Experiments are described wherein it was possible to evaluate the individual effects of the preheating, holding and cooling segments of the heating (pasteurizing) curve on the inactivation of phosphatase in milk. Thus experimental data were obtained that satisfied the requirements of the mathematical equations used currently in the food canning industry to calculate the total lethal heat effect of a process.
The authors report that when one minute preheating time with straight line heating is used, it will contribute 0.40 percent and 29.91 percent of the total lethal heat respectively when the holding temperatures are 146.3° F and. 163.4° F.
PRESERVATION OF CHOCOLATE DRINK BY FREEZING
Authors: BABCOCK C. J. , STROBEL D. R. , YAGER R. H. , WINDHAM E. S. 
Published: December 2018

To determine the effectiveness of freezing as a preservative of chocolate drink, three commercial samples processed as follows were used: Sample 1.—Skimmilk through plate heater at 165–175°F and into vat, standardized to 1% butterfat and cocoa (20 lb. 100 gal.) powder with stabilizer and sugar (30 lb 100 gal) added. Held in vat 20 min. Sample 2—Skimmilk heated in vat and 95 lb of chocolate syrup and 54 lb of sugar added 193 gal of skimmilk. Held at 160°F for 30 min. Sample 3.—590 gal of skimmilk heated to 90–110°F sugar (280 lb) and cocoa (90 lb) powder added and then standardized with 38% cream. Heated to 160°F for 30 min. The samples were checked for flavor, frozen at −10°F and stored at 0°F. Samples were removed from storage at monthly intervals for determination of flavor and sedimentation.
Data are presented showing analyses of the samples of chocolate drink prior to freezing, analyses of sections of the samples after freezing, degree of sedimentation, and the effects of methods of thawing on the degree of sedimentation. After 13 months of storage, samples of the three chocolate drinks showed no flavor deterioration, or sedimentation to an objectionable degree.
TANK TRUCK PICK-UP FOR BULK MILK COOLING TANKS AT FARMS*
Authors: Goslee H. Clifford 
Published: December 2018

The two tank truck pick-up routes which have been operating in Connecticut during the last three years can attribute much success from very frequent fieldmen's visits to the farms, much sampling of the milk, and many improvements in methods and equipment.
Four new routes have been started and three more will be operating in a few weeks. The present interest by both dealers and producers is so ravenous that rigid control is imperative. Fortunately, the 1951 Connecticut legislature gave the Commissioner of Farms & Markets authority to establish rules and regulations to control all phases of the project.
Already, methods have been established for the sampling and testing of the farm milk for butterfat, utilizing “standard methods” with a few supplementary requirements.
The Department is now working on methods and standards to ensure high quality milk. In addition to our present code requirements, consideration will be given to all of the newer methods of milk production not now specifically covered in existing codes (state or U.S.P.H.S.)
THE BEST SANITARIANS ARE GOOD SALESMEN
Authors: King James A. 
Published: December 2018

A parallel is drawn between the role of a salesman and that of sanitarians.
The author discusses some of the principles of salesmanship and education which the sanitarian may profitably apply in his work. It is suggested that human relations can be approached in a scientific manner as well as the physical problems involved in sanitation.
Failure in human relations is equivalent to failure as a sanitarian. The key to success is a liking for people.
CHEMICALS IN FOOD*
Authors: Newton Roy C. 
Published: December 2018

Public misunderstanding regarding chemicals in food must be corrected by the food industry itself, Dr. R. C. Newton. vice president of Swift & Company in charge of research, said May 27, 1952.
Speaking at the 43rd annual convention of the Flavoring Extract Manufacturers' Association at Chicago's Edgewater Beach Hotel, Dr. Newton said chemicals play an important role in future progress in the food industry. However, he advocated thorough testing of new substances before they are used.
Pointing out that actually all foods are chemical. Dr. Newton said for centuries man has used many chemicals in processing his foods.
“These chemicals have stood the test of time and are universally accepted as wholesome”, he said. “There is no logical reason, therefore, why the public sometimes should give the word ‘chemical’ a sinister connotation.”
“Safety is the first and by all odds the most important consideration with respect to human food. The food industry has always subscribed to the principle of safety first and by and large is favorable to a compulsory program for pre-testing of all new chemical substances in food. Our industry must make its position clear on this point.
“It is time the various segments of the food industry announce in unequivocal terms the high standard of ethics which has in the past and will in the future be its guide.
MEMBRANE FILTER METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF COLIFORMS IN PASTEURIZED AND CERTIFIED MILK
Authors: Ehrlich Richard 
Published: December 2018

The use of the membrane-filter method for determination of coliform organisms in pasteurized and certified milk permits a more rapid counting of coliform colonies with the elimination of much of the plating procedure used with the conventional determination methods. Results of analysis for coliform content can be preserved on the membranes for future reference. Large quantities of milk can be examined rapidly through the use of the centrifuge in the method outlined.
Endo-agar was used in this work as the differential agar medium.
THE GASTROENTERITIS OUTBREAK AMONG DELEGATES AND GUESTS, THIRTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL CONVENTION
Authors: Stiles George W. 
Published: December 2018

The gastrointestinal outbreak at the Glenwood Springs Convention was apparently caused by the consumption of contaminated fricassee turkey served at the noon day meal on September 27, 1951.
Ninety three persons became ill with servere abdominal cramps, frequent explosive diarrhea and gaseous distention of the abdomen. The onset of illness varied from 8 to 18 hours. Laboratory findings from the fragments of food served showed the turkey specimen harbored excessive numbers of the paracolon group.
EFFECT OF TYPE OF INSTALLATION AND CLEANSING PROCEDURE ON THE SANITATION OF FARM MILK PIPELINES1,2
Authors: Hunter J. E. , Marth E. H. , Frazier W. C. 
Published: December 2018

Bacteriological studies were made of a permanent, cleansed-in-place, cow to cooler pipeline system and another pipeline designed for dismantled cleansing. The sanitary conditions of the two pipelines were compared and a study was made on the effect of frequency of brushing on the sanitary condition of the pipeline that was disassembled for cleaning. The swab contact and the brush and rinse methods of testing the sanitary condition of milk pipelines were compared.
During these studies the milk from both pipelines was of excellent quality. Swab tests indicated that both pipelines were maintained in a satisfactory sanitary condition. The bacterial population on the surface of the pipeline increased as the frequency of brushing decreased, but the milk passing through the pipeline did not increase in bacteria count. The results of the swab and brush and rinse tests had little direct relation to each other.
EFFECT OF ADDED HYPOCHLORITE ON DETERGENT ACTIVITY OF ALKALINE SOLUTIONS IN RECIRCULATION CLEANING***
Authors: MacGregor D. R. , Elliker P. R. , Richardson G. A. 
Published: December 2018

A laboratory apparatus was designed to simulate commonly encountered recirculation cleaning conditions. Cleaning efficiency was determined by visual examination of stainless steel strips coated with synthetic milkstone.
It was found that varying concentrations up to 100 ppm of sodium hypochlorite, added to three representative cleaners, significantly increased their cleaning efficiency. The increased cleaning efficiency is possibly due to the solubilizing action of the hypochlorite on the protein fraction of the soil.
THE TEMPERATURE VARIATION OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF RECONSTITUTED SKIM MILK.*
Authors: Babad J. , Levin Y. , Sharon N. 
Published: December 2018

The specific gravity of R S M at various concentrations and temperatures has been studied. A general formula correlating the results has been derived:
Temperature correction values for various concentrations as well as simple routine methods for the estimation of total solids content of R S M are described.
A STUDY OF MILKING MACHINE INFLATIONS MADE OF NEOPRENE COMPARED WITH THOSE Of NATURAL RUBBER*
Authors: White J. C. , Folds G. R. 
Published: December 2018

Several types of neoprene inflations for milking machines were compared under actual form conditions with those of natural rubber. Physical changes in volume and weight were measured and bacteriological comparisons were made by both the swab technique and the dynamic methods. Neoprene inflations consistently outlasted rubber, and neoprene showed less distortion in shape. The bacterial population of neoprene was consistently less than that of rubber.
A study was made on the milking efficiency of neoprene inflations and rubber inflations of similar shape. In these tests neoprene was slightly superior to rubber in speed of milking and amount of milk produced.