bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of body composition in oncology—epidemiology, clinical trials, and the future of patient care: facts and numbers
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Caan Bette J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is growing interest from the oncology community to understand how body composition measures can be used to improve the delivery of clinical care for the 18.1 million individuals diagnosed with cancer annually. Methods that distinguish muscle from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, such as computed tomography (CT), may offer new insights of important risk factors and improved prognostication of outcomes over alternative measures such as body mass index. In a meta‐analysis of 38 studies, low muscle area assessed from clinically acquired CT was observed in 27.7% of patients with cancer and associated with poorer overall survival [hazard ratio: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.32–1.56]. Therapeutic interventions such as lifestyle and pharmacotherapy that modify all aspects of body composition and reduce the incidence of poor clinical outcomes are needed in patients with cancer. In a meta‐analysis of six randomized trials, resistance training exercise increased lean body mass assessed from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry [mean difference (MD): +1.07 kg, 95% CI: 0.76–1.37; P < 0.001] and walking distance [MD: +143 m, 95% CI: 70–216; P < 0.001] compared with usual care control in patients with non‐metastatic cancer. In a meta‐analysis of five randomized trials, anamorelin (a ghrelin agonist) significantly increased lean body mass [MD: +1.10 kg, 95% CI: 0.35–1.85; P = 0.004] but did not improve handgrip strength [MD: 0.52 kg, 95% CI: −0.09–1.13; P = 0.09] or overall survival compared with placebo [HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.85–1.14; P = 0.84] in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer. Early screening to identify individuals with occult muscle loss, combined with multimodal interventions that include lifestyle therapy with resistance exercise training and dietary supplementation combined with pharmacotherapy, may be necessary to provide a sufficient stimulus to prevent or slow the cascade of tissue wasting. Rapid, cost‐efficient, and feasible methods to quantify muscle and adipose tissue distribution are needed if body composition assessment is to be integrated into large‐scale clinical workflows. Fully automated analysis of body composition from clinically acquired imaging is one example. The study of body composition is one of the most provocative areas in oncology that offers tremendous promise to help patients with cancer live longer and healthier lives.
Trace elements bioaccumulation inPorcellionides pruinosus(Brandt, 1833) and related biomarkers of exposure
Authors: Droutsa Angeliki , Emmanouil Nikolaos , Raptopoulos Konstantinos , Salvaggio Antonio , Mazzei Veronica , Pecoraro Roberta , Messina Giuseppina , Copat Chiara , Ferrante Margherita , Brundo Maria Violetta , Lombardo Bianca Maria 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the last years, the increase of anthropogenic activities has led to a progressive pollution of ecosystems. Oniscidean isopods are a group of terrestrial animals known as excellent bio‐indicators and bio‐accumulators, because of their capacity to accumulate contaminants and to implement appropriate strategies of detoxification. For this study, we collectedPorcellionides pruinosusfrom two different sites in the Corinth region (Greece), a polluted site and a control site, to assess the heavy metal pollution status. We conducted an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis for the detection of trace elements in animals' hepatopancreas and soil; we performed also immunohistochemistry for detection of metallothioneins 1 (MT1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70s). The results suggest a great capacity of the species in trace elements bioaccumulation and the high degree of pollution of the area near Agioi Theodoroi where the metal pollution index (MPI) is threefolds higher than the control site, due to the presence of significantly higher concentration of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, and lead found in hepatopancreas and soil. The environmental stress is confirmed by the expression of the relative biomarkers of exposure MT1 and HSP70. Our study, with a multimarker approach, consents getting a complete analysis of environmental quality and the effect of pollution on organisms and shows for the first time the heavy metals contamination status in certain Greece area. Furthermore,P. pruinosusproved to be an appropriate indicator of pollution in terrestrial ecosystems.
Interferometric investigation of the opto‐mechanical and structural properties of iPP/TiO2 nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Sokkar T. Z. N. , El‐Bakary M. A. , Raslan M. I. , Al‐Kalali N. A. , El‐Dessouky H. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFibers that missing specific features and functionalities could be innovated and functionalised via nano additives, in particular metal oxides. Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have been added to isotactic polypropylene (iPP) to form iPP/TiO2 nanocomposite fibers. Three samples of iPP/TiO2 fibers were extruded at three extrusion speeds 25, 50, and 78 m/min were considered in this study. Mach–Zehnder interferometer was used to assess the changes in the opto‐mechanical and geometrical parameters of iPP/TiO2 nanocomposite fibers along the fiber axis. The mechanical drawing device along with Mach–Zehnder interferometer was utilized to stretch the filaments to different draw ratios. The effect of mechanical cold drawing and extrusion speed on the optical and physical characteristics of iPP/TiO2 nanocomposite fibers were determined along the fiber axis. The optical and physical variation along the nanocomposite samples were characterized by measuring their refractive indices, birefringence, refractive index profile along the fiber axis. The diffraction of He–Ne laser beam was used to define the variation of the fiber diameter along the fiber axis through their cross‐sectional area and shape. A sample of uniform diameter from neat iPP fibers was used as reference material for studying the variation of the iPP/TiO2 fiber diameter along the fiber axis. As result, the iPP/TiO2 nanocomposite fibers exhibited nonuniform diameters. The dispersion of TiO2 particles in nanocomposite fibers influences the properties' consistency along and across the fiber.
The impact of health anxiety on perceptions of personal and children’s health in parents with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Albiani Jenna J. , McShane Kelly E. , Holter Spring , Semotiuk Kara , Aronson Melyssa , Cohen Zane , Hart Tae L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study examined the differences in perceptions of one's health and one's child's health between parents with Lynch syndrome (LS) characterized with high versus low health anxiety. Twenty‐one parents completed semistructured telephone interviews about their perceptions of their own health and the health of their children. Qualitative content analysis using a template coding approach examined the differences between parents with high and low health anxiety. Findings revealed that the most prevalent difference emerged on perceptions of personal health, showing individuals with high health anxiety reported more extreme worries, were more hypervigilant about physical symptoms, experienced the emotional and psychological consequences of LS as more negative and severe, and engaged in more dysfunctional coping strategies than those with low health anxiety. Unexpectedly, with regards to perceptions of their children, parents in the high and low health anxiety groups exhibited similar worries. However, high health anxiety parents reported using dysfunctional coping about their children's health more frequently than those with low health anxiety. The findings suggest that health anxiety is of clinical significance for individuals with LS. Accurately identifying and treating health anxiety among this population may be one avenue to reduce the distress experienced by LS carriers.
Minimum codegree condition for perfect matchings in k‐partite k‐graphs
Authors: Lu Hongliang , Wang Yan , Yu Xingxing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLet be a ‐partite ‐graph with vertices in each partition class, and let denote the minimum codegree of . We characterize those with and with no perfect matching. As a consequence, we give an affirmative answer to the following question of Rödl and Ruciński: if is even or , does imply that has a perfect matching? We also give an example indicating that it is not sufficient to impose this degree bound on only two types of ‐sets.
Advanced pulmonary MRI to quantify alveolar and acinar duct abnormalities: Current status and future clinical applications
Authors: Westcott Andrew , McCormack David G. , Parraga Grace , Ouriadov Alexei 
Published: January 2019

There are serious clinical gaps in our understanding of chronic lung disease that require novel, sensitive, and noninvasive in vivo measurements of the lung parenchyma to measure disease pathogenesis and progressive changes over time as well as response to treatment. Until recently, our knowledge and appreciation of the tissue changes that accompany lung disease has depended on ex vivo biopsy and concomitant histological and stereological measurements. These measurements have revealed the underlying pathologies that drive lung disease and have provided important observations about airway occlusion, obliteration of the terminal bronchioles and airspace enlargement, or fibrosis and their roles in disease initiation and progression. ex vivo tissue stereology and histology are the established gold standards and, more recently, micro‐computed tomography (CT) measurements of ex vivo tissue samples has also been employed to reveal new mechanistic findings about the progression of obstructive lung disease in patients. While these approaches have provided important understandings using ex vivo analysis of excised samples, recently developed hyperpolarized noble gas MRI methods provide an opportunity to noninvasively measure acinar duct and terminal airway dimensions and geometry in vivo, and, without radiation burden. Therefore, in this review we summarize emerging pulmonary MRI morphometry methods that provide noninvasive in vivo measurements of the lung in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, among others. We discuss new findings, future research directions, as well as clinical opportunities to address current gaps in patient care and for testing of new therapies.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:28–40.
MRI screening for uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Tong Angela , Kang Stella K. , Huang Chenchan , Huang Kathy , Slevin Adam , Hindman Nicole 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundUterine fibroids are a common benign tumor and can be symptomatic, necessitating resection. Surgical myomectomy is an effective treatment option with a risk of disseminating occult uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS), creating a need for an effective presurgical screening protocol. Clinical collaboration with contrast‐enhanced MRI including T2 and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) can be utilized as a screening exam.PurposeTo review the accuracy and feasibility of an interdisciplinary prospective contrast‐enhanced MRI pelvis with DWI screening system for LMS prior to fibroid resection.Study TypeRetrospective cohort study.PopulationIn all, 1960 adult female patients aged 18–87 undergoing screening MRI pelvis prior to uterine fibroid resection.Field Strength/SequenceT1 and T2‐weighted imaging, DWI, and contrast‐enhanced images were acquired at 1.5 T and 3.0 T.AssessmentEach radiologist at the time of clinical study prospectively designated a confidence level of presence of LMS in the impression, which was reviewed retrospectively. A separate retrospective evaluation of the histologically proven LMS and the false positives was performed for the presence of five MRI features of LMS including low ADC values, intermediate/high T2 signal intensity, irregular margins, hemorrhage, and necrosis. A preliminary cost‐effectiveness analysis was performed, comparing the costs of treatment of uterine fibroids with vs. without a collaborative screening protocol using MRI.Statistical TestsSensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were obtained from the prospective evaluations. Student's t‐tests were used to compare demographics and apparent diffusion coefficient values between LMS and false‐positive results.ResultsWe prospectively identified LMS patients with 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Preliminary cost analysis demonstrated that the MR screening protocol increased life expectancy by 0.04 years at a cost of $12,937 per life‐year gained.Data ConclusionMRI is an effective and potentially economic screening test, especially with standardized reporting and coordination with clinicians.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Low‐field MRI: An MR physics perspective
Authors: Marques José P. , Simonis Frank F.J. , Webb Andrew G. 
Published: January 2019

Historically, clinical MRI started with main magnetic field strengths in the ∼0.05–0.35T range. In the past 40 years there have been considerable developments in MRI hardware, with one of the primary ones being the trend to higher magnetic fields. While resulting in large improvements in data quality and diagnostic value, such developments have meant that conventional systems at 1.5 and 3T remain relatively expensive pieces of medical imaging equipment, and are out of the financial reach for much of the world. In this review we describe the current state‐of‐the‐art of low‐field systems (defined as 0.25–1T), both with respect to its low cost, low foot‐print, and subject accessibility. Furthermore, we discuss how low field could potentially benefit from many of the developments that have occurred in higher‐field MRI.In the first section, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) dependence on the static magnetic field and its impact on the achievable contrast, resolution, and acquisition times are discussed from a theoretical perspective. In the second section, developments in hardware (eg, magnet, gradient, and RF coils) used both in experimental low‐field scanners and also those that are currently in the market are reviewed. In the final section the potential roles of new acquisition readouts, motion tracking, and image reconstruction strategies, currently being developed primarily at higher fields, are presented.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Creativity: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Selection of Creative Ideas
Authors: Zhu Yuxi , Ritter Simone M. , Dijksterhuis Ap 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCreative idea selection—the selection of the most creative idea(s) from available ideas—is an important yet understudied topic. Creative idea selection can be performed by the idea generator (i.e.,intrapersonalselection) or by another person (i.e.,interpersonalselection). In the current research, we examined whether these two types of selection lead to different levels of performance. Participants generated six creative ideas to solve a societal problem. Thereafter, two selection tasks—intrapersonal selection and interpersonal selection—were performed. During intrapersonal selection, the idea generator selected the most creative idea from his/her own ideas; during interpersonal selection, another person made the selection from the same ideas. We found no effect of intrapersonal and interpersonal selection on creative idea selection performance: People selected ideas of identical creativity, irrespective of whether that idea was from themselves or from others. Moreover, we replicated the earlier finding that people perform suboptimally at creative idea selection, failing to select ideas that were more creative than an average idea, for both intrapersonal and interpersonal selection.
Emerging trends in government venture capital policies in smaller peripheral economies: Lessons from Finland, New Zealand, and Estonia
Authors: Owen Robyn , Mason Colin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEmerging trends from the developing venture capital industries of three smaller peripheral economies (Finland, New Zealand, and Estonia), demonstrate that government policy can overcome scale and distance barriers to assist in establishing venture capital to support innovative potential high growth ventures. Eight common policy themes for successful venture capital development are: new venture stimulation; dedicated finance policy institutions; stable, internationally harmonized tax and regulations; business angel development; inward investment; international venture capital fund development; smooth pipeline of investment; effective investment exit market. Venture capital policy development themes are interconnected, requiring a holistic ecosystem approach. A blueprint for successful small peripheral economy venture capital development requires an initial phase of new venture demand stimulation and ensuing simultaneity of policies to engineer venture capital development.
Thermal stability and oral absorbability of astaxanthin esters from Haematococcus pluvialis in Balb/c mice
Authors: Zhou Qingxin , Xu Jie , Yang Lu , Gu Caixia , Xue Changhu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAstaxanthin is used as a functional nutraceutical and pigment in many food products. It is mostly exists in the form of a fatty acid ester in nature. However, no detailed descriptions are available concerning the stability and oral absorbability of astaxanthin esters. In the present study, the thermal stability and absorbability of astaxanthin esters from Haematococcus pluvialis were evaluated in comparison with free‐form astaxanthin.RESULTSThe thermal stability of astaxanthin esters was found to be higher than that of free‐form astaxantin. After gavage with astaxanthin esters, only free‐form astaxanthin was detected in the digestive tract wall, blood plasma and liver, indicating that astaxanthin esters must be hydrolyzed to free‐form astaxanthin in the gut before absorption. Furthermore, there was a considerable selective accumulation of different astaxanthin isomers in Balb/c mice, which selectivity decreased in the order: 13‐cis > all‐trans > 9‐cis. Accumulated astaxanthin was mainly distributed in the heart, liver, spleen, muscle and adipose tissue, although significant differences between tissues were observed.CONCLUSIONFrom the present study, it can be concluded that astaxanthin esters had a higher thermal stability and higher bioavailability than free‐form astaxanthin. These results provide important evidence with respect to using astaxanthin esters as bioactive components to replace free‐form astaxanthin in functional food products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
In ovodelivery of various biological supplements, vaccines and drugs in poultry: current knowledge
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Babazadeh Daryoush , Naveed Muhammad , Alagawany Mahmoud , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E , Arain Muhammad A , Tiwari Ruchi , Sachan Swati , Karthik Kumaragurubaran , Dhama Kuldeep , Elnesr Shaaban S , Chao Sun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe technique of delivering various nutrients, supplements, immunostimulants, vaccines, and drugs via thein ovoroute is gaining wide attention among researchers worldwide for boosting production performance, immunity and safeguarding the health of poultry. It involves direct administration of the nutrients and biologics into poultry eggs during the incubation period and before the chicks hatch out.In ovodelivery of nutrients has been found to be more effective than post‐hatch administration in poultry production. The supplementation of feed additives, nutrients, hormones, probiotics, prebiotics, or their combination viain ovotechniques has shown diverse advantages for poultry products, such as improved growth performance and feed conversion efficiency, optimum development of the gastrointestinal tract, enhancing carcass yield, decreased embryo mortality, and enhanced immunity of poultry.In ovodelivery of vaccination has yielded a better response against various poultry pathogens than vaccination after hatch. So, this review has aimed to provide an insight onin ovotechnology and its potential applications in poultry production to deliver different nutrients, supplements, beneficial microbes, vaccines, and drugs directly into the developing embryo to achieve an improvement in post‐hatch growth, immunity, and health of poultry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Multiple mycotoxins analysis in animal feed with LC‐MS/MS: Comparison of extract dilution and immunoaffinity clean‐up
Authors: Jedziniak Piotr , Panasiuk Łukasz , Pietruszka Katarzyna , Posyniak Andrzej 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was a performance comparison of two clean‐up procedures (dilutions versus immunoaffinity columns) in the simultaneous determination of eight mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1 & B2, ochratoxin A, toxin T‐2 & HT‐2 and zearalenone) in the animal feed. After extraction the analytes were separated on a Kinetex Biphenyl column with a gradient elution using methanol/0.01 M ammonium acetate as a mobile phase and analyzed with the LC‐MS/MS technique. Both of the procedures were validated by analysis of a series of spiked feed samples (n = 6) at three different concentration levels. Better signal to noise ratios were observed for immunoaffinity clean‐up. The recoveries of analyses were in the range 88–110% for the dilution procedure and 78–120% for the immunoaffinity clean‐up. The dilution procedure was more precise (coefficient of variation of the within‐laboratory reproducibility for it was 7.8–22.4% in comparison to 12–35.5% for the immunoaffinity clean‐up. The results show that both procedures fulfilled the requirements for mycotoxin analysis and can be used successfully in multi‐analyte determination. Although the dilution procedure shows better precision and trueness, the immunoaffinity clean‐up procedure can have advantages in more complex feed samples thanks to lower matrix effect and limits of detections.
Graphene oxide based molecularly imprinted polymers modified with β‐cyclodextrin for selective extraction of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate in environmental waters
Authors: Wang Chengjun , Cheng Lidong , Zhang Lin , Zuo Yuegang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGraphene oxide based molecularly imprinted polymers modified with β‐cyclodextrin were prepared as solid‐phase extraction column sorbents for specific recognition and sensitive detection of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate in water samples. The morphology and composition of synthesized sorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The conditions affecting the performance of extraction procedures such as desorption solvent types and volume, sample pH and volume were investigated. The loading capacity (8.2 μg/mg) of the prepared sorbents increased eight times after modification with β‐cyclodextrin. The developed extraction procedures coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography exhibited good linearity (0.2–500 μg/L), low limit of detection (0.052 μg/L), and good precision (relative standard deviation˂5.7%) under optimized conditions. The developed solid‐phase extraction technique with prepared sorbents has been successfully applied in extracting trace di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate from real natural waters with high efficiency, good selectivity, and desirable recoveries.