bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dari Pendidikan Khas ke Pendidikan Pemulihan: Dua Program Masalah Pembelajaran
Authors: Fong Chiang Ee 
Published: September 2018

<p>Pengalaman mengajar Pendidikan Khas dan Pendidikan Pemulihan adalah istimewa. Dua jenis pendidikan yang berkaitan dengan murid-murid kurang upaya mempunyai banyak kesamaan dan perbezaan yang jauh beza. Dengan mengkaji secara mendalam mengenai definisi program, ciri-ciri murid khas bermasalah pembelajaran dan murid pemuliahan, matlamat, pentaksiran, kurikulum serta kaedah mengajar dua jenis pendidikan tersebut, pengetahuan dan kefahaman tentang banyak aspek dua program dapat ditingkatkan. Juga, banyak pandangan yang agak mengelirukan dapat dijelaskan dan banyak wawasan (insight) diluar jangkaan dapat diperolehi.</p>
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan-Perusahaan Jasa Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Haq Ahsanul , Mahyuni Mahyuni 
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial pada laporan tahunan perusahaan-perusahaan jasa di Indonesia. Faktor-faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi kebijakan pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan adalah ukuran perusahaan, leverage, profitabilitas, dan ukuran dewan komisaris perusahaan.
Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua perusahaan jasa yang listing di BEI tahun 2014. Dari keseluruhan populasi tersebut, yang menjadi sampel penelitian berjumlah 100 perusahaan jasa yang ditentukan melalui metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode konten analisis dalam pengungkapan CSR dengan menggunakan Reporting Guidelines yang termuat dalam General Reporting Initiatives (GRI). Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan uji asumsi klasik dan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS 19.0 for windows.
Setelah dilakukan analisis regresi berganda didapatkan hasil variabel ukuran (size) perusahaan dan profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Sedangkan leverage dan ukuran dewan komisaris tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan
Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Vitiligo Patients at a Dermatology Service in Northern Brazil
Authors: DIAS ALINE DE LIMA , Pires Carla Andréa Avelar , Santos Neto Alvaro Alves dos , Oliveira Brenna Pinheiro Mota Brabo de , Silva Luana De Paula dos Santos da , Silva Thais Passarinho Smith da , Mainardi Carolina Ribeiro , Franco Paula Silva , Santos Maria Amélia Lopes dos 
Published: September 2018

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired hypomelanosis that affects between 0.5% and 4% of the world population, characterized by distinct acromic macules of various shapes and sizes, and may appear in any region of the skin. Worldwide, there are few publications on vitiligo that address epidemiological characteristics. Thus, the objective was to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with this condition at the State University of Pará’s Dermatology Clinic, in the city of Belém, Northern of Brazil.
Methods and Findings: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed, in which 180 medical records of patients treated at the State University of Pará’s Dermatology Clinic, from July 2000 to July 2014, were analyzed using a protocol consisting of variables related to the disease. The information obtained was organized in a database and submitted to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The study was approved by the ethics and research committee under the number 923.213. A predominance of the female gender (72.2%), of the adult age group (55%) was observed; without relation to family history (46.7%); without progression (58.3%); with a predominant clinical form of vitiligo of the generalized type (67.2%), being the common generalized one with the highest prevalence (57%). The most affected sites were head and neck (27.5%), and upper limbs (25.3%).
Conclusions: This study revealed the characteristics of the vitiligo patient residing in the Amazon region, and patients were found to have a generalized clinical form, most of the patients achieved improvement of the lesions with the proposed treatment, and only a minority presented progression of the disease. It is concluded that vitiligo is a disease with great therapeutic difficulty, and it is emphasized the importance of an early diagnosis, since in the early stages is easier to resolve the disease.
Visages en ville, déambulations photographiques pour enseigner l’espace proche
Authors: Joublot Ferré Sylvie 
Published: September 2018

Nous proposons dans cet article une voie d’exploration spécifique de l’espace proche, sur le modèle d’une enquête photographique portant sur les visages inanimés croisés en ville de Lausanne, visibles sur des affiches, des stickers, des statues, des tableaux, des dessins, des graffitis. En collectant les expressions de visages croisés au quotidien par les lausannois ou les personnes de passage, est-il possible de renseigner l’espace proche et les relations établies avec la ville et ses habitants ? Nous avons choisi dans cette contribution de présenter une enquête empirique et son potentiel dans le cadre de l’enseignement de la géographie à l’école. L’enquête sur le terrain et la traversée piétonnière d’espaces urbains sont analysés en tant que processus d’apprentissages auprès des élèves.
Blended learning for teaching Theology
Authors: Oliver Erna 
Published: September 2018

New tools are added to the educational toolbox in order to enhance and support learning. This descriptive study expands and explains the intricate nature of blended learning. Adding to the four basic components of time, space, media and activities are the three modes of formal, informal and non-formal delivery and the external components of prior learning and lived experience. Contrary to the narrow use of traditional, mostly Western-based learning options, blended learning opens up the opportunity to incorporate not only developing technology but also neglected, traditional means of knowledge acquisition into the process of learning. It opens new pathways for the teaching of Theology in an African context. It adjusts to individual needs and serves as a countermeasure against potential digital colonialism and digital serfdom on the one hand and provide opportunities that close the space and time gaps and filter out academic isolation on the other hand. Blended learning allows educators to use and combine pedagogical approaches and learning and teaching theories in creative ways.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article calls for a widening perspective on the concept of blended learning, resulting in unique opportunities for Africanisation, decoloniality and a fresh way of teaching Theology in higher education.
Sir Alexander Morison and The Physiognomy of Mental Diseases: Part 1
Authors: Beveridge A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract Sir Alexander Morison's The Physiognomy of Mental Diseases and the original art work that formed the basis of the book have not had the scholarly attention they deserve. The published book and the commissioned portraits have not been studied in any detail. Historians have tended to offer cursory assessments that have reflected their own preconceived ideas rather than properly engaging with the material. This is a pity because Morison's work is a rich source that tells us much about the history of psychiatry. The pictures and text give us a glimpse into the world of the asylum and that of the patient. Although we see the patient through the eyes of the artist and Dr Morison, they do emerge as individuals. The accompanying texts reflect the psychiatric approach of the time and reveal contemporary notions of diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Morison's work can also be located in the history of ideas about physiognomy. He himself was particularly influenced by Jean-Étienne-Dominique Esquirol, and Morison's work, in turn, influenced WAF Browne. These papers will outline Morison's career and consider in detail his book on The Physiognomy of Mental Diseases.
NDACC harmonized formaldehyde time series from 21 FTIR stations covering a wide range of column abundances
Authors: Vigouroux Corinne , Bauer Aquino Carlos Augusto , Bauwens Maite , Becker Cornelis , Blumenstock Thomas , De Mazière Martine , García Omaira , Grutter Michel , Guarin César , Hannigan James , Hase Frank , Jones Nicholas , Kivi Rigel , Koshelev Dmitry , Langerock Bavo , Lutsch Erik , Makarova Maria , Metzger Jean-Marc , Müller Jean-François , Notholt Justus , Ortega Ivan , Palm Mathias , Paton-Walsh Clare , Poberovskii Anatoly , Rettinger Markus , Robinson John , Smale Dan , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Stremme Wolfgang , Strong Kim , Sussmann Ralf , Té Yao , Toon Geoffrey 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Among the more than 20 ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) stations currently operating around the globe, only a few have provided formaldehyde (HCHO) total column time series until now. Although several independent studies have shown that the FTIR measurements can provide formaldehyde total columns with good precision, the spatial coverage has not been optimal for providing good diagnostics for satellite or model validation. Furthermore, these past studies used different retrieval settings, and biases as large as 50 % can be observed in the HCHO total columns depending on these retrieval choices, which is also a weakness for validation studies combining data from different ground-based stations.For the present work, the HCHO retrieval settings have been optimized based on experience gained from past studies and have been applied consistently at the 21 participating stations. Most of them are either part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) or under consideration for membership. We provide the harmonized settings and a characterization of the HCHO FTIR products. Depending on the station, the total systematic and random uncertainties of an individual HCHO total column measurement lie between 12 % and 27 % and between 1 and 11×1014 molec cm−2, respectively. The median values among all stations are 13 % and 2.9×1014 molec cm−2 for the total systematic and random uncertainties.This unprecedented harmonized formaldehyde data set from 21 ground-based FTIR stations is presented and its comparison with a global chemistry transport model shows consistency in absolute values as well as in seasonal cycles. The network covers very different concentration levels of formaldehyde, from very clean levels at the limit of detection (few 1013 molec cm−2) to highly polluted levels (7×1016 molec cm−2). Because the measurements can be made at any time during daylight, the diurnal cycle can be observed and is found to be significant at many stations. These HCHO time series, some of them starting in the 1990s, are crucial for past and present satellite validation and will be extended in the coming years for the next generation of satellite missions.
A geostatistical data-assimilation technique for enhancing macro-scale rainfall–runoff simulations
Authors: Pugliese Alessio , Persiano Simone , Bagli Stefano , Mazzoli Paolo , Parajka Juraj , Arheimer Berit , Capell René , Montanari Alberto , Blöschl Günter , Castellarin Attilio 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Our study develops and tests a geostatistical technique for
locally enhancing macro-scale rainfall–runoff simulations on the basis of
observed streamflow data that were not used in calibration. We consider Tyrol
(Austria and Italy) and two different types of daily streamflow data:
macro-scale rainfall–runoff simulations at 11 prediction nodes and
observations at 46 gauged catchments. The technique consists of three main
steps: (1) period-of-record flow–duration curves (FDCs) are geostatistically
predicted at target ungauged basins, for which macro-scale model runs are
available; (2) residuals between geostatistically predicted FDCs and FDCs
constructed from simulated streamflow series are computed; (3) the
relationship between duration and residuals is used for enhancing simulated
time series at target basins. We apply the technique in cross-validation to
11 gauged catchments, for which simulated and observed streamflow series are
available over the period 1980–2010. Our results show that (1) the procedure
can significantly enhance macro-scale simulations (regional LNSE increases
from nearly zero to ≈0.7) and (2) improvements are significant for
low gauging network densities (i.e. 1 gauge per 2000 km2).
Cost Comparison of Surgically Treated Ankle Fractures Managed in an Inpatient Versus Outpatient Setting
Authors: Bettin Clayton , Nelson Richard , Rothberg David , Barg Alexej , Lyman Mikayla , Saltzman Charles 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
Although choices physicians make profoundly affect the cost of health care, few surgeons know relative costs associated with the setting in which care is provided. Without valid cost information, surgeons cannot understand how their choices affect the total cost of care.

Methods:
Actual costs for all isolated, surgically treated ankle fractures at a level I trauma hospital and affiliated outpatient surgery center were determined using a validated episode of care costing system and analyzed using multivariate regression analysis in this retrospective cohort study.

Results:
One hundred forty-eight patients (ie, 61 inpatients and 87 outpatients) with isolated, surgically treated ankle fractures were included. After controlling for confounding variables, outpatient care was associated with 31.6% lower costs compared with inpatient care. Obese patients had 21.6% higher costs compared with patients who were not obese. No difference was noted in revision surgery, readmission, or return visits to the emergency department for patients treated on an inpatient or outpatient basis.

Conclusion:
Where medically/socially appropriate, this analysis suggests that ankle fracture surgery should be provided in an outpatient surgical facility to provide the greatest value to the patient and society.

Level of evidence:
Level III
Genetic variability of Akhal-Teke horses bred in Italy
Authors: Cozzi Maria C. , Strillacci Maria G. , Valiati Paolo , Rogliano Elisa , Bagnato Alessandro , Longeri Maria 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe Akhal-Teke horse (AKH) is native of the modern Turkmenistan area. It was introduced in Italy from 1991 to 2000 mainly as an endurance horse. This paper characterizes the genetic variability of the whole Italian AKH horse population and evaluates their inbreeding level by analyzing microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D-Loop sequences.MethodsSeventeen microsatellite marker loci were genotyped on 95 DNA samples from almost all the AKH horses bred in Italy in the last 20 years. Standard genetic variability measures (Ho, He, FIS) were compared against the same variables published on other eight AKH populations. In addition, 397 bp of mtDNA D-loop region were sequenced on a sub-group of 22 unrelated AKH out of the 95 sampled ones, and on 11 unrelated Arab horses. The haplotypes identified in the Italian population were aligned to sequences of AKH (56), Arab (five), Caspian Pony (13), Przewalskii (two) and Barb (15) horses available in GenBank. The Median Joining Network (MJN), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree were calculated on the total 126 sequences.ResultsNucleic markers showed a high degree of polymorphism (Ho= 0.642; He= 0.649) and a low inbreeding level (FIS= 0.016) in Italian horses, compared to other AKH populations (ranged from −0.103 AKH from Estonia to 0.114 AKH from Czech Republic). High variability was also recorded in the D-Loop region. 11 haplotypes were identified with haplotype diversity (hd), nucleotide diversity (π) and average number of nucleotide differences (k) of 0.938, 0.021 and 6.448, respectively. When all the 126 D-Loop sequences were compared, 51 haplotypes were found, and four were here found only in the Italian AKH horses. The 51 haplotypes were conformed to eight recognized mtDNA haplogroups (A, C, F, G, L, M, P and Q) and confirmed by MJN analysis, Italian horses being assigned to five haplogroups (A, C, G, L and M). Using a PCA approach to the same data, the total haplotypes were grouped into two clusters including A+C+M+P and G+F haplogroups, while L and Q haplogroups remained ungrouped. Finally, the NJ algorithm effectively discretizes only the L haplogroup. All the above data univocally indicate good genetic variability and accurate management of the Akhal-Teke population in Italy.
Labeled gangliosides: their synthesis and use in biological studies
Authors: Schwarzmann Günter 
Published: September 2018

The unveiling of ganglioside metabolism and biological function in the last decades depended on the extensive study of inherited human disease, studies with cultured cells, and specifically designed mouse models. Nonetheless, only few of the accomplishments made so far would have been possible without the use of labeled gangliosides, such as their radiolabeled and/or fluorescent analogs, as well as other modified gangliosides bearing cross‐linking, affinity, or paramagnetic groups. Over the years, chemists and biochemists have made tremendous progress toward developing labeled gangliosides for their application in biological systems. These labeled ganglioside probes of the ganglio series have been successfully incorporated in cultured vertebrate cells and in artificial model membranes. In this Review, I provide an overview over the different methods, mostly semisynthetic procedures, to obtain these labeled ganglioside probes that have been used to elucidate the molecular basis of ganglioside‐related biology as well as the physicochemical properties of gangliosides.
Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study
Authors: Choi Daein , Choi Seulggie , Park Sang Min 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the risk of developing dementia in relation to duration of smoking cessation by using a nationwide health claims database.MethodsThis cohort study included 46,140 men aged 60 years or older from Korean National Health Insurance System – National Health Screening Cohort, a population‐based national health screening program from 2002 to 2013. The changes in smoking habit from a questionnaire during the first (2002 and 2003) and second (2004 and 2005) health examination periods, participants were divided into continual smokers, short‐term (less than 4 years) quitters, long‐term (4 years or more) quitters, and never smokers. Participants were followed‐up for 8 years from January 1, 2006 for the development of overall dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.ResultsCompared to continual smokers, long‐term quitters and never smokers had decreased risk of overall dementia (hazard ratio, HR 0.86 95% CI, confidence interval 0.75–0.99 and HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.91, respectively). Never smokers had decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70–0.96) compared to continual smokers. Finally, both long‐term quitters (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48–0.96) and never smokers (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.95) had decreased risk of vascular dementia compared to continual smokers.InterpretationSmoking was associated with increased risk of dementia. Smokers who quit for a prolonged period of time may benefit from reduced risk of dementia. Therefore, smokers should be encouraged to quit in order to reduce the risk of developing dementia, especially in the elderly population who are already at risk.
Gilding with Graphene: Rapid Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Graphene on Thin Metal Leaves
Authors: Zhang Kaihao , Androulidakis Charalampos , Chen Mingze , Tawfick Sameh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGilding is the ancient process of coating intricate artifacts with precious metals. Fascinating Egyptian and Chinese sculptures, coated with <200 nm thin metal films by this process, have resisted corrosion, wear, and other environmental degradations for thousands of years. Here, 150 nm thin palladium leaves are enriched by doped with a single layer of graphene. Commercially available Pd leaves are uniquely suited for graphene synthesis by a highly dynamic chemical vapor deposition process. The Pd leaves made by high strain rate beating are stable at high synthesis temperature, resisting solid‐state dewetting owing to their extremely low grain triple junctions density (0.017 µm−1). Mathematical models of growth kinetics guide the development of extremely rapid synthesis conditions, resulting in the formation of high‐quality graphene on Pd in less than a minute, owing to the graphene grains growing twice as fast as copper‐catalyzed growth. The graphene monolayer on the leaf increases the effective surface modulus by 59% to 236 GPa. Uniaxial strain testing with Raman spectroscopy reveals the excellent crystallinity of graphene by probing the stress‐induced phonon shifts. This new material could open exciting opportunities in utilizing high‐quality 2D materials to coat large structures.
Multiple Optical Frequency Conversions in Few‐Layer GaSe Assisted by a Photonic Crystal Cavity
Authors: Fang Liang , Yuan Qingchen , Fang Hanlin , Gan Xuetao , Li Juntao , Wang Tao , Zhao Qinghua , Jie Wanqi , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile 2D materials have intriguing second‐order nonlinearities with ultrahigh coefficient and electrical tunability, their atomic layer thicknesses hinder explorations of other optical frequency conversions (OFCs) than second harmonic generation (SHG) due to inefficient light‐coupling and unachievable phase‐matching. By resonantly pumping a photonic crystal cavity integrated with a few‐layer GaSe, it is reported that it is possible to realize multiple second‐order nonlinear processes in GaSe even with microwatts continuous wave pumps, including SHGs, sum‐frequency generations (SFGs), cascaded SFGs, and their induced third harmonic generations. These OFCs arise from the significant cavity‐enhancements. The enhancement factor of an SHG process is estimated exceeding 1300. The cascaded SFGs have comparably strong intensities with those of SHGs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of cascaded second‐order nonlinear processes in 2D materials. The cavity‐assisted OFCs can provide a view to study deterministic OFCs in 2D materials with low pump power and expand their optoelectronic applications to nonlinear regime.
Zn(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Alkynylazetidines and their Ring Expansion to Functionalized 1,4,5,6‐Tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Shehzadi Syeda Aaliya , Kushwaha Khushbu , Sterckx Hans , Abbaspour Tehrani Kourosch 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA zinc(II) triflate catalyzed reaction of β‐chloro aldimines with terminal alkynes leading to a rapid and efficient formation of 2‐alkynylazetidines in good to excellent yield has been described. The catalytic hydrogenation of the 2‐alkynylazetidines resulted in acyclic secondary amines by reductive cleavage of the 2‐alkynylazetidine. Further, these non‐activated 2‐alkynylazetidines were ring expanded in a reaction with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of zinc(II) triflate to give 4‐alkynyltetrahydropyridines. Catalytic reduction of these 4‐alkynyltetrahydropyridines led to an efficient conversion to 4‐alkyltetrahydropyridine carboxylates.magnified image