bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dasar dan Implikasinya dalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar
Authors: Bujuri Dian Andesta 
Published: October 2018

<p>The human as human being should experience the development every time, including on the basic age of child (7-13 years old). One of important aspects of human development is cognitive aspect. Cognitive development is an comprehensive development relating with thinking ability, such as the ability of thingking, reasoning, expressing idea, imagination and creativity. According to Piaget’s theory, the cognitive development of basic age child consists of two phases: the first is concrete operational phase (7-11 years old) that is a phase where the child has been able to function his/her mind to think logical, rational and objective, but it is just limited on the object concrete. The second is formal operational phase (11-12 more years old) that is a phase where the child has used his/her mind to think a matter which will be or ought to be happening (hyphotheses) and a abstract matter. In spite of the same phase, cognitive development of child has difference in every age level that it is very significant to be known especially in education scope in teaching and learning process. Referred to new version of Talksonomi Bloom Theory, the child who is 7 years old has been at C1, C2 and C3 level but it is still limited, age 8 years is C2 and C3 level; age 9 years is C3 level which is high level; age 10 years is C3, C4 and C5 level which is limited, age 11 years is C4, C5 and C5 level; and 12 years more is C6 level which is better. The significance of comprehension about the cognitive ability level of child becomes reference to choose material lesson, to determine strategy, model and learning method. The purpose is to able to create effective learning and to be able to comprehend the material maximally which it is hopefully compatible with the belonging of child’s cognitive ability.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keyword : </strong>Cognitive Development, Basic Age Child, Teaching and Learning<strong> </strong></p>
IMMUNODIAGNOSIS INFEKSI Aeromonas hydrophila PADA IKAN
Authors: Kristianingrum Yuli Purwandari , Widyarini Sitarina , Kurniasih Kurniasih , Sutrisno Bambang , Tabbu Charles Rangga , Sugiyono Sugiyono 
Published: October 2018

Aeromonas hydrophila causes a disease that often infects fish and is known as Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS), Hemorrhagi Septisemia, Ulcer disease or Red-Sore disease. The aims of this study were to develop polyclonal antibody of Aeromonas hydrophila in the rabbits to confirm the diagnosis of Aeromonas hydrophila in the fish by immunohistochemistry staining method. Preparation of polyclonal antibodies was performed on the rabbits used to Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria that have been tested biochemically by intravenous and intraperitoneal injection. Doses of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria were 109 CPU/ml of 0.5 ml at first injection, 1 ml at second injection, 2 ml at thirth injection and 3 ml at fourth injection. Blood serum collection was performed at week 5 after injection from an ear and intracardial vein. The result of antibody titer was 28 = 1024 which measured by tube test. Furthermore, polyclonal antibody was used to immunohistochemistry staining with 400x dilution. The results of the staining showed that an immunopositive reaction in the liver, skin,lien, gill, kidney, and heart of fish to Aeromonas hydrophila antibody. The research conclution was polyclonal antibody from rabbit can be used to accurately confirm the diagnosis of Aeromonas hydrophila based on antigen and antibody reaction.
ANALISIS SITUASI HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL BIDANG KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Siahaan Selma , Utami Basundari Sri , Gitawati Retno , Handayani Rini Sasanti , Faatih Mukhlisul , Isfandari Siti 
Published: October 2018

The information about intellectual property rights (IPR) related to health products in Indonesia is limited. This manuscript aims to describes the situation of health innovative researches including their products (patented and copyrights) in the last 5 years (2009-2013). This is a cross-sectional exploratory qualitative research, followed by the identifi cation of data and information related to health IPR documents retrospectively from 2009 till 2013. In-depth interviews conducted on IPR managers in 5 (fi ve) government research institutions, Indonesia Institute of Science, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology and 7 (seven) universities in Java island. The results showed that the IPR policy is strong, because it is written in the Act, majority of institutions state that IPR is their main indicators, however, the priority of health innovative researches is low. Generally, patented products were not planned to be patented from the beginning. Not all institutions have IPR management structured and incubation unit for development and “scaling up” of researches results, so that, patented health products were potentially not to be commercialised. This shows that there is still a gap between policy and its implementation in terms of research innovation. Governments should actively promote and utilize the patented health products of Indonesia.
Abstrak
Informasi tentang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) di Indonesia yang terkait dengan produk kesehatan masih sangat kurang. Tulisan ini bertujuan memaparkan situasi penelitian inovatif dan produk hasil penelitian kesehatan terkait HKI (paten dan hak cipta) dalam 5 tahun terakhir (2009-2013). Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif eksplorasi potong lintang disertai identifi kasi data dan informasi pada dokumen HKI bidang kesehatan secara retrospektif dari tahun 2009 sd 2013. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap pengelola HKI di 5 (lima) lembaga litbang kementerian, Lembaga Ilmiah Pengetahuan Indonesia, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi dan 7 (tujuh) universitas di pulau Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dasar kebijakan HKI Indonesia telah kuat karena sudah dituangkan kedalam Undangundang, hampir semua institusi yang disurvei menjadikan HKI sebagai indikator utama, hanya penelitian yang berorientasi HKI kesehatan masih kurang diprioritaskan. Pada umumnya hasil penelitian yang dipatenkan tidak direncanakan sejakawal. Belum semua institusi memiliki unit pengelola HKI secara terstruktur dan unit inkubasi untuk pengembangan dan scaling up hasil penelitian agar dimanfaatkan masyarakat luas sehingga produk paten kesehatan berpotensi menjadi yang tidak bisa dikomersialisasikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat gap antara kebijakan dan implementasinya dalam hal penelitian inovasi. Pemerintah perlu secara aktif membantu mempromosikan dan memanfaatkan hasil produk kesehatan yang telah memperoleh HKI.
Decreasing Cumulative Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease in Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes in Sweden: A 38-Year Prospective Nationwide Study
Authors: Toppe Cecilia , Möllsten Anna , Waernbaum Ingeborg , Schön Staffan , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Landin-Olsson Mona , Dahlquist Gisela ,   Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study Group and the Swedish Renal Register, Lind Torbjörn , Steen Carlsson Katarina , Persson Sofie , Persson Emma , Fredriksson Marie 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes. Recent studies indicate that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence has decreased or that the onset of ESRD has been postponed; therefore, we wanted to analyze the incidence and time trends of ESRD in Sweden.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this study, patients with duration of type 1 diabetes &gt;14 years and age at onset of diabetes 0–34 years were included. Three national diabetes registers were used: the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register, the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden, and the National Diabetes Register. The Swedish Renal Registry, a national register on renal replacement therapy, was used to identify patients who developed ESRD.

RESULTS
We found that the cumulative incidence of ESRD in Sweden was low after up to 38 years of diabetes duration (5.6%). The incidence of ESRD was lower in patients with type 1 diabetes onset in 1991–2001 compared with onset in 1977–1984 and 1985–1990, independent of diabetes duration.

CONCLUSIONS
The risk of developing ESRD in Sweden in this population is still low and also seems to decrease with time.
Visit-to-Visit Variability of Hemoglobin A1c in People Without Diabetes and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Ghouse Jonas , Skov Morten W. , Kanters Jørgen K. , Lind Bent , Isaksen Jonas L. , Blanche Paul , Haunsø Stig , Køber Lars , Svendsen Jesper H. , Olesen Morten S. , Holst Anders G. , Gerds Thomas A. , Nielsen Jonas B. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to study whether visit-to-visit variability of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is associated with incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality, and type 2 diabetes in people without diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included primary care patients with no history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease and with three annual HbA1c measurements within normal range (&lt;6.5% [48 mmol/mol]). For each individual, we measured the HbA1c variability as the SD of the residuals obtained from a linear regression on the three HbA1c measurements. From the linear regression, we also obtained the estimated index HbA1c (intercept) and the trend over time (slope). Follow-up began at the date of the third measurement. Associations between HbA1c variability and outcome were analyzed using Cox regression, adjusted for traditional risk factors, intercept, and trend and reported as hazard ratio per SD increase in variability (HRSD).

RESULTS
In total, 6,756 individuals were included. During a median follow-up time of 6.3 years, 996 developed MACE, 856 died, and 1,267 developed type 2 diabetes. We found a significant association between increasing HbA1c variability and incident MACE (HRSD 1.09 [95% CI 1.03–1.15]) and all-cause mortality (HRSD 1.13 [95% CI 1.07–1.20]), whereas there were no associations with type 2 diabetes (HRSD 1.00 [95% CI 0.95–1.05]). We calculated 5-year absolute risks of MACE and all-cause mortality and found clinically relevant differences across several age, sex, comorbidity, and HbA1c variability–defined subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS
In a primary care population free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, high HbA1c variability was associated with increased risks of MACE and all-cause mortality.
An approach to patronymic names as a resource for familiness and as a variable for family business identification
Authors: Olivares-Delgado Fernando , Pinillos-Laffón Alberto , Benlloch-Osuna María Teresa 
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to hint at a theory of family business naming. Besides, it puts forward two kinds of practical proposals. The former intends to integrate the patronymic name as an intangible resource for corporate brand management, in addition to family branding and familiness. The latter proposals aim at including the patronymic company name in Spanish as a variable in research methods on family business identification.
The Worst and the Best of Propaganda
Authors: Cepollaro Bianca , Torrengo Giuliano 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper we discuss two issues addressed by Jason Stanley in How Propaganda Works: the status of slurs (Section 1) and the notion of positive propaganda (Section 2). In particular, in Section 1 we argue contra Stanley that code words like ‘welfare’ are crucially different from slurs in that the association between the lexical item and an additional social meaning is not as systematic as it is for slurs. In this sense, slurs bring about a special kind of propagandistic effect, even if it typically concerns informal contexts rather than public debates. In Section 2, we consider positive propaganda and its relation to emotional effects. For Stanley, positive propaganda relies on the production of emotional effects, feature which risks to erode rational debates even if there is a good purpose behind. Instead, we argue that positive propaganda can work with no appeal to emotions. To this end, we focus on the use of ‘she’ as the default personal pronoun in academic writing and suggest that this measure can count as positive propaganda which rather than eroding rational debates by relying on emotional effects, closely resembles affirmative action aimed at counterbalancing a pre-existing form of injustice and inequality.
Antifungal effect of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad essential oil on oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats
Authors: Najibzadeh Teimur , Yadegary Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Introduction: The antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant, antihyperlipidaemic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Satureja khuzestanica (Lamiaceae) have been investigated in numerous studies.

Objective: The antifungal effects of S. khuzestanica essential oil (SKJO) in immunosuppressed rats suffering from oral candidiasis were investigated.

Methods: A fungal suspension with a density of 3×108 CFU/ml was taken from the isolate of a case with acute vaginitis. In order to achieve a medicinal formulation, accurate twice the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SKJO and 10 times MIC of nystatin was used with 0.8% agar as a base material. In this study, 35 rats divided into 5 groups each of 7 were used. The assessment of level of infection and specification of the effects of treatment were performed using microbiological and histopathological methods as well as clinical examinations.

Results: Our results show that carvacrol is the main compound of SKJ essential oil. Lesions completely disappeared in both treatment groups (SKJO and nystatin) after 8 days of treatment. Furthermore, in groups treated with SKJO and nystatin, the quantities of mean logarithm of colony forming unit (CFU) were 85.62% and 90.62%, respectively, in comparison with placebo group. Also, histopathological properties suggested no infection in groups who had clean and normal dorsal tongue mucosa.

Conclusions: Using SKJO with twice accuracy it was concluded that MIC in immunosuppressed rats was quite successful in a time of a week and equal with that of a nystatin treatment with an accuracy of 10 times the MIC.
La acción pauliana en el Derecho Civil chileno y español: conexiones con el enriquecimiento injustificado y con la responsabilidad extracontractual
Authors: Jerez Delgado Carmen 
Published: October 2018

Los ordenamientos chileno y español contienen la denominada acción pauliana o acción de rescisión por fraude de acreedores en sus respectivos Códigos civiles. Desde el Derecho romano hasta nuestros días, esta acción contempla dos escenarios muy diversos, en función de si el daño se causa como consecuencia de la mala fe del deudor y del tercero, o bien si se causa por el acto jurídico en sí mismo considerado, con independencia de cuál sea la intención que el deudor tuvo al realizarlo sino atendiendo más bien a la lesión del derecho de crédito que objetivamente provoca. Desde un punto de vista comparado, pueden encontrarse conexiones entre cada uno de estos casos, y la responsabilidad civil extracontractual y el enriquecimiento injustificado, respectivamente.
Publicar en tiempos convulsos
Authors: Gascón García Jesús 
Published: October 2018

Se analiza parte de la producción bibliográfica de un autor representativo de la «guerra de los papeles» en Cataluña de 1640-1652, y sus problemasbibliográficos, atribuibles a las circunstancias históricas y políticas. La obra del polemista Francesc Martí i Viladamor es un ejemplo del uso del impreso como herramienta de propaganda ideológica en un momento conflictivo. El estudio se basa en el análisis bibliográfico de los impresos conservados y su comparación con otros que guardan relación, y documentos de archivo de entidades contemporáneas. Se abordan algunas cuestiones referidas a cuatro publicaciones concretas que hasta el momento no se habían resuelto en otros estudios. 1. La datación y atribución de las tres ediciones de Noticia universal de Cataluña, publicadas sin pie de imprenta casi simultáneamente: Sebastià deCormellas (diciembre de 1640), Llorenç Déu (enero-febrero de 1641) y Sebastià de Cormellas de nuevo (junio de 1641), además de la edición deLisboa de mediados de 1641. 2. La distinción de los estados de la primera emisión de Cataluña en Francia, publicación que las autoridades retiran del mercado. Un año despúes, el cambio político permite sacar de nuevo la segunda emisión.
3. El estudio de la recopilación editorial Por el Principado de Cataluña, desconocida hasta el momento, formada por la agregación de seis obraspreviamente publicadas. 4. El pie de imprenta de Manifiesto de la fidelidad catalana como obra publicada por la Imprimerie royale de París, descartando la atribución habitual al taller de Plantin.Puede quedar establecida, de forma definitiva, la bibliografía de este autor, corrigiendo los repertorios y estudios previos, donde abundan lasatribuciones y dataciones erróneas y faltan algunas obras cuya autoría no era segura.
Catálogo de colofones de manuscritos conservados en España (I)
Authors: Álvarez Márquez Mª del Carmen 
Published: October 2018

Se recogen un total de treinta y seis colofones correspondientes a otros tantos manuscritos conservados en distintas bibliotecas de España. Uneslabón más de un proyecto de investigación que inicié hace algunos años, fruto del cual han sido tres artículos, y que tengo intención de proseguir, de ahí el número I que sigue al título, con la publicación de los que ya tengo recogidos y analizados.
Historia del libro manuscrito; historia de la escritura,colofones; copistas; Diego de Anaya; Diego Gómez de Fuensalida; Conde deHaro; Conde de Gondomar; Duque de Osuna; Colegio de San Bartolomé deSalamanca; Francisco de Bruna.
Fuentes para el estudio de la colección medieval de milagros de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe
Authors: Díaz Tena María Eugenia 
Published: October 2018

Entre los códices que actualmente se custodian en la biblioteca del monasterio de Guadalupe (Cáceres) se encuentran los manuscritos C-1, C-2, C-3 y C-4, que contienen los milagros de finales de la Edad Media (siglo XV) de la Virgen de Guadalupe. Tras haber publicado la descripción del C1,ofrecemos en estas líneas las descripciones de los manuscritos C-2, C-3 y C-4 del Archivo del Monasterio de Guadalupe, incluyendo en primer lugar una ficha técnica del manuscrito y, a continuación, una descripción más discursiva y detallada de cada uno de ellos. Nos encontramos ante una vasta colección de milagros literarios, cuyo estudio y edición nos permitiría tener una visión más amplia del milagro mariano medieval en la Península.
Новые системные подходы при лечении сочетанных повреждений живота и конечностей
Authors: Ibrahimov F. I. 
Published: October 2018

Цель. Снижение инвалидности и летальности среди больных с тяжелыми сочетанными травмами (ТСТ) живота и конечностей путем применения новой прогрессивной тактики лечения.
Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный и проспективный анализ данных 1033 больных с ТСТ, которым проводили лечение в 2009 - 2015 гг. в Городской клинической больнице № 3 г. Баку. С целью сравнительного анализа методов лечения больных разделили на две группы. Больные, которым лечение проводили в 2009 - 2010 гг. по стандартной схеме, составили 1-ю группу, больные, которым лечение проводили в 2011 - 2015 гг. по принципиально новой схеме, 2-ю. Всего с сочетанными повреждениями живота и конечностей было 216 пациентов, из них 171 включили в основную группу, 45 – в сравнительную. Степень тяжести повреждений больных основной группы оценивали по шкалам AİS (Abbreviated İnjury Scale – сокращенная шкала повреждений) и İSS (İnjury Severity Scale – шкала тяжести травмы) и им оказывали помощь с учетом принципа «damage control».
Результаты. У 52,1% больных основной группы с ТСТ живота и конечностей, которых лечили с учетом принципа «damage control» и применением запрограммированной многоэтапной хирургической тактики (МХТ), при субкомпенсации травматической болезни летальность составила 16%, в сравнительной группе – 44,4%, при декомпенсации - соответственно 51,6 и 89,7%.
Выводы. Полученные результаты применения МХТ при ТСТ живота и конечностей демонстрируют явные ее преимущества.
Dengue y Bradicardia: caracterización clínica y evolución
Authors: Godoy Laura , Arce Manuel , Pavlicich Viviana , Mesquita Mirta 
Published: October 2018

Introducción: Las alteraciones de la conducción cardiaca y bradicardia, están descriptos en el Dengue, aunque su fisiopatología no es del todo clara.
Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con dengue y bradicardia.
Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinalde seguimiento de una cohorte. Fueron incluidos pacientes de 1 mes a 18 años ingresados en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu, con diagnóstico de dengue, que presentaron bradicardia y que hayan tenido seguimiento hasta la desaparición del síntoma. Variables edad, sexo, clasificación del dengue, resultado del electrocardiograma (ECG), radiografía de tórax, inicio de bradicardia, frecuencia cardiaca al egreso, duración de la bradicardia en el seguimiento y días de hospitalización. Los datos fueron analizados en SPSSv 21, utilizando la estadística descriptiva. El protocolo fue aprobado por el Comité de ética.
Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se hospitalizaron 310 pacientes con Dengue. El 6,4% (20/310) presentó bradicardia. La edad media fue de 12,7±2,8 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. Algunos pacientes ya tenían bradicardia en el momento del ingreso (9/20), mientras que otros lo presentaron en el curso de la hospitalización (11/20). Hubo un caso de bloqueo AV y los demás presentaron bradicardia sinusal (19/29). La bradicardia persistió al alta en la mayoría de los pacientes (18/20) y se resolvió durante la primera semana de seguimiento. El promedio de días de hospitalización fue 7,1±1,9.
Conclusión: La frecuencia de bradicardia fue del 6,4%. La mayoría de los pacientes tenía el diagnóstico de Dengue Grave. Un alto porcentaje continuaba con bradicardia al momento del alta sin manifestaciones clínicas de dengue. En la mayoría de los pacientes se presentó durante la hospitalización y se normalizó durante el seguimiento al alta.
Correspondencia: Laura Godoy Correo: legodoys@gmail.com
Conflicto de Interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés
Recibido: 9/07/2018
Aceptado: 17/08/2018