bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of memantine in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Soleiman , Ahangari Tina Kaveh , Yousefi Fayegh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyperactivity disorder and attention deficit are common neurological disorders in children and adolescents. The symptoms of hyperactivity are decreased in adults, and attention deficit is more noticeable. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of memantine on adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Materials and methodsIn a double‐blind clinical trial study, 40 patients aged 18 to 45 years with ADHD were selected on the basis on the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM‐IV‐TR) criteria, and randomly assigned memantine or placebo. Before starting the treatment, Conners' screening questionnaire was completed for each patient, and the subjects were entered the study after acquiring minimum acceptable score in the questionnaire.ResultsThe mean age of patients who were receiving memantine and placebo was about 34.7 ± 4.48 and 31.5 ± 7.4 years, respectively. The results have shown a significant difference in the behavior and attention deficit between the two groups treated with memantine and placebo during 6 weeks (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference in the third and sixth weeks between treatment groups in hyperactivity and attention deficit index (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that memantine was effective in reducing symptoms of Inattention/Memory Problems, Hyperactivity/Restlessness, Impulsivity/Emotional Lability.
Differential response of T cells to an immunogen, a mitogen and a chemical carcinogen in a mouse model system
Authors: Kaur Amar Preet , Saxena Nimisha , Chandra Nimai C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined the relative immune response of T‐lymphocytes and its intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, in a mouse model system, after treatment with immunogen, mitogen, and carcinogen. We studied the T‐lymphocyte percentage, their LDL‐receptor expression, along with the levels of serum interleukins (IL‐2, IFNγ, IL‐4, and IL‐10) and intracellular cholesterol concentration (cytoplasmic and nuclear). The mitogen was found to be a better stimulator of T‐cell marker expressions than the immunogen; though the immunogen was more effective on immunogenic response as was marked from interleukin levels. The chemical carcinogen benzo‐α‐pyrene at low concentration acted potentially like a mitogen but a reduced immune response was apparent at a carcinogenic dose.The findings in our study focus on the effect of carcinogenic dose of benzo‐α‐pyrene (BaP) on T‐cell immunity. Benzo‐α‐pyrene causes immunosuppression through restriction of the T‐cell population by targeting intracellular cholesterol.
New insights into the role of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in most common neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Maniati Mohammad Saeed , Maniati Mahmood , Yousefi Tooba , Ahmadi‐Ahangar Alijan , Tehrani Sadra Samavarchi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a diversity of neurological disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system (CNS). The most common NDs are Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Recently, many studies have investigated associations between common NDs with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) molecules. ncRNAs are regulatory molecules in the normal functioning of the CNS. Two of the most important ncRNAs are microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). These types of ncRNAs are involved in different biological processes including brain development, maturation, differentiation, neuronal cell specification, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. Increasing data has demonstrated that miRNAs and lncRNAs have strong correlations with the development of NDs, particularly gene expression. Besides, ncRNAs can be introduced as new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of NDs. Hence, in this review, we summarized the involvement of various miRNAs and lncRNAs in most common NDs followed by a correlation of ncRNAs dysregulation with the AD, PD, and HD.
Physical fitness modulates the expression of CD39 and CD73 on CD4+ CD25− and CD4+ CD25+ T cells following high intensity interval exercise
Authors: Dorneles Gilson P. , da Silva Igor M. , Peres Alessandra , Romão Pedro R. T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of physical fitness on the mobilization of CD4+CD25
−CD39
+ and CD4
+CD25
+CD39
+ T cells in response to acute exercise.MethodsFifteen high physical fitness (25.3 ± 1.4 years) and 15 low physical fitness (26.1 ± 1.9 years) men performed a single bout of high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE, 10 bouts of 60 seconds at 85% HRmax intercepted by 75 seconds of recovery at 50% HRmax). Blood lymphocytes were isolated before, immediately after and 1 hour after exercise for assessment of cell surface expression of CD25, CD39, and CD73 on CD4+ T cells. Effector memory T cells (mTeff) were identified by CD4
+CD25
−CD39
+ coexpression, and memory regulatory T cells (mTReg) were defined as CD4
+CD25
+CD39
+ T cells.ResultsExercise increased CD4+ and CD4
+CD25
+ T cell frequencies immediately after followed by a decrease bellow to baseline values at 1 hour after the bout in both low and high physical fitness groups. At baseline, the proportions of mTeff were higher, while mTreg were lower in low physical fitness individuals. The frequency of mTreg increased immediately after HIIE in both groups, and remained higher 1 hour after the bout. However, high physical fitness individuals presented higher mTreg frequency in all periods evaluated. A significantly mobilization of mTeff cells was identified in both groups immediately after HIIE. High physical fitness individuals displayed a decrease in mTeff cells bellow to baseline, while the frequency of mTeff remained higher in low physical fitness group 1 hour after the bout. The peripheral frequency of CD4
+CD25
+CD73
+ T cells increased in a similar way immediately after the bout in both groups, returning to the baseline values 1 hour after exercise. No differences in CD4
+CD25
−CD73
+ T cells were observed after HIIE in both groups.ConclusionOur results highlight the impact of physical activity status in the redistribution of CD4+ T cells expressing ectonucleotidases in response to HIIE.
RETRACTED: Circular RNA circ_0001946 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to inhibit glioblastoma progression by modulating miR‐671‐5p and CDR1
Authors: Li Xinxing , Diao Hongyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn many malignant tumors, circRNAs play an important role. However, the biological role and clinical significance of circRNAs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of circ_0001946 on the progression of glioblastoma (GBM) and the molecular mechanism of circ_0001946.MethodsMicroarrays were applied to test the expression profiles of circRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Coexpressed genes were identified by constructing differentially expressed circRNA–mRNA networks. The expression of circ_0001946, miR‐671‐5p, and cerebellar degeneration‐related autoantigen 1 (CDR1) was detected by real‐time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of
CDR1 was determined by western blotting. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate potential miR‐671‐5p target sites on circ_0001946 and
CDR1. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of GBM cells were assessed by a colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, transwell migration assay, and transwell invasion assay. Xenograft mouse models were used to determine the role of circ_0001946 in vivo.ResultsThe expression of circ_0001946 and CDR1 was low and that of miR‐671‐5p was high in GBM cells. Circ_0001946 suppressed the expression of miR‐671‐5p, thus upregulating the expression of
CDR1, the gene downstream of miR‐671‐5p. Circ_0001946 and
CDR1 reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in GBM cells, whereas miR‐671‐5p had an opposite effect. The xenograft mouse model and immunohistochemistry results indicated that circ_0001946 inhibited GBM growth as well as the expression of Ki67 in GBM cells.ConclusionOur study confirmed that the circ_0001946/miR‐671‐5p/
CDR1 pathway modulates the development of GBM, and this pathway might be a promising target for the development of therapeutics for GBM.
Evaluation of National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline‐based Tool for Risk Assessment for breast and ovarian Cancer (N‐TRAC): A patient‐reported survey for genetic high‐risk assessment for breast and ovarian cancers in women
Authors: Ozanne Elissa M. , Howe Rebecca , Mallinson David , Esserman Laura , van‘t Veer Laura J. , Kaplan Celia P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIdentification of mutations that increase lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer is critical to improving women's health. Because these mutations are relatively rare in the general population, there is a need for efficient methods to identify appropriate women to undergo genetic testing. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility, accuracy, and performance of the NCCN guideline‐based Tool for Risk Assessment for breast and ovarian Cancer (N‐TRAC)—a patient‐facing assessment for those affected and unaffected by cancer. This study enrolled a prospective cohort of 100 affected and 100 unaffected women that used N‐TRAC in a clinical setting. Recommendations for referral to genetic counseling based on N‐TRAC and other standard risk assessment methods were compared.Seventy‐seven of the 100 affected women and 35 of the 100 unaffected women were identified as high risk by N‐TRAC. The average completion time was approximately 2 min for both groups. N‐TRAC accuracy for family history was exceptional in both groups (kappa > 0.96). N‐TRAC and other risk assessment methods do not always identify the same high risk population. N‐TRAC is an accurate and feasible tool that can assist in identifying women at increased risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and may lead to more informed decision‐making.
Racial and ethnic differences in knowledge and attitudes about genetic testing in the US: Systematic review
Authors: Canedo Juan R. , Miller Stephania T. , Myers Hector F. , Sanderson Maureen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrecision medicine has grown over the past 20 years with the availability of genetic tests and has changed the one‐size‐fits‐all paradigm in medicine. Precision medicine innovations, such as newly available genetic tests, could potentially widen racial and ethnic disparities if access to them is unequal and if interest to use them differs across groups. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize existing evidence on racial and ethnic differences in knowledge of and attitudes toward genetic testing among adult patients and the general public in the US, focusing on research about the use of genetic testing in general, not disease‐specific tests. Twelve articles published in 1997–2017 met inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 10 including knowledge variables and seven including attitude variables. Studies found consistent patterns of lower awareness of genetic testing in general among non‐Whites compared to Whites, lower factual knowledge scores among Blacks and Hispanics/Latinos, and mixed findings of differences in awareness of direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) genetic testing or the term precision medicine. Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and non‐Whites generally had more concerns about genetic testing than Whites. The findings suggest that patients and the general public need access to culturally appropriate educational material about the use of genetic testing in precision medicine.
Diagnostic performance of diffusion‐weighted (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI for the differentiation of benign from malignant soft‐tissue tumors
Authors: Choi Young Jin , Lee In Sook , Song You Seon , Kim Jeung Il , Choi Kyung‐Un , Song Jong Woon 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundA wide range of specificity values for the differentiation of benign and malignant soft‐tissue tumors show the limitations of conventional MRI features. The data obtained by quantitative analysis of diffusion‐weighted image (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRIs would provide more objective results, especially in terms of cellularity and perfusion.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of DWI and DCE MRI for the differentiation of malignant and benign soft‐tissue tumors.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 136 patients (68 females, 68 males; age range 18–86 years, mean age 57.2 years) with soft‐tissue tumors.Field Strength/Sequence3 T, DWI, DCE.AssessmentTumor sizes, margins, locations, the presence of involvement in bone or neurovascular bundle, peritumoral edema, heterogeneity, and tumor necrosis were investigated on conventional MR images. On DWIs, visual signal drops were assessed and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) values were measured. Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and iAUC values, and time–concentration curve (TCC) types were determined using DCE images.Statistical TestsThe data were statistically analyzed to determine the abilities to differentiate benign and malignant tumors using the chi‐square test, two‐sample t‐test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsSeventy‐three cases were malignant and 63 benign. Age (mean ages of benign/malignant tumors, 51.75/61.86 years; P = 0.0002) and gender (F:M = 40:23 [benign], F:M = 28:45 [malignant], P = 0.003) influenced the distinction between benign and malignant. Sizes, margins, neurovascular bundle involvement, peritumoral edema, and heterogeneity of the tumors on conventional MR images and DCE parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and iAUC, and TCC plots) obtained from focal region of interest within a narrow volume of interest significantly differentiated benign and malignant lesions (all P < 0.0001, except Ve [P = 0.0004]). For DWI with ADC mapping, all ADC values and visually signal drops were also significant (P < 0.0001).Data ConclusionDWI and DCE‐MRI and derived variables were significantly helpful in discriminating benign and malignant soft‐tissue tumors complementary to conventional MRI.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:798–809.
The effect on upper extremity functions of cardiac electronic device placement on the dominant hand side
Authors: Şimşek Ersin Çağrı , Uslu Güvendi Ece , Şimşek Aylin , Kocabaş Uğur , Varış Eser , Gürbüz Doğaç Çağlar , Aşkin Ayhan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation is considered to be minor surgery, almost 60% of the patients suffer from shoulder‐related problems a short time after the procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible effects of the preference of the dominant side for CIED implantation on the ipsilateral superior extremity functions.MethodsThe study included a total of 107 patients who had been living with a CIED for >6 months. Patients were separated into two groups according to the dominant hand and side of the CIED. The ipsilateral dominant‐hand group comprised those with a CIED on the same side as the dominant hand and the contralateral dominant‐hand group included patients with the CIED placed on the contralateral side to the dominant hand. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, quick disability of the arm shoulder and hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) and maximum isometric grip strength tests were used to evaluate the upper extremity disabilities.ResultsNo significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of VAS pain scores (P = 0.10), QuickDASH scores (P = 0.21), and limitations of the shoulder joint range of motion (P = 0.192). The maximum isometric grip strength was significantly different in the right hands between two groups (34 [16‐95]‐40 [24‐85]) (P = 0.02).ConclusionThe present study shows that the joint range of motion limitation, pain, and disability of the upper extremity were no different in the affected arm compared to the healthy contralateral side with respect to the placement of the CIED on the dominant or non‐dominant side.
Evaluation of ENACTS‐Rwanda: A new multi‐decade, high‐resolution rainfall and temperature data set—Climatology
Authors: Siebert Asher , Dinku Tufa , Vuguziga Floribert , Twahirwa Anthony , Kagabo Desire M. , delCorral John , Robertson Andrew W. 
Published: January 2019

There were a large number of active meteorological stations in Rwanda prior to the mid‐1990s and since around 2010. However, from around the time of the Rwandan genocide in 1994 throughout the late 2000s, the number of active stations was greatly reduced. To address temporal and spatial gaps in meteorological observation in several African nations (including Rwanda), the ENACTS (Enhancing National Climate Services) initiative reconstructs rainfall and temperature data by combining station data with satellite rainfall estimates, and with reanalysis products for temperature. Bias correction factors are applied to the satellite and reanalysis data and the merged final product is spatiotemporally complete from the early 1980s to the present at a high spatial resolution (4–5 km). This paper offers the first analysis of Rwanda's climatology using this new ENACTS data set for 1981–2016.The temperature and rainfall climatology of Rwanda are analysed at both annual and seasonal timescales as are the climatological influences of topography and regional winds. Climatology maps of mean rainfall intensity, rainy day, 5‐day dry spell and extreme rain day (20+mm) frequency are shown, and spatial pattern correlations are analysed.The rainfall climatology of Rwanda exhibits a clear seasonal bimodality typical of the East Africa region. Topography has a significant effect with the more mountainous, higher‐elevation western part of the country being consistently cooler and wetter than the lower, flatter eastern region. Southeasterly winds tend to prevail over Rwanda, but in some seasons, the climatological winds weaken and shift direction. While spatial patterns of rainy day and dry spell frequency are consistent with the spatial patterns of the seasonal rainfall total, climatologically drier regions have a higher mean rainfall intensity on rainy days. This analysis demonstrates the value of the ENACTS product and illustrates climatological patterns in Rwanda over the last 30 years.
Graphical augmentations to sample‐size‐based funnel plot in meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Lifeng 
Published: January 2019

Assessing publication bias is a critical procedure in meta‐analyses for rating the synthesized overall evidence. Because statistical tests for publication bias are usually not powerful and only give P values that inform either the presence or absence of the bias, examining the asymmetry of funnel plots has been popular to investigate potentially missing studies and the direction of the bias. Most funnel plots present treatment effects against their standard errors, and the contours depicting studies' significance levels have been used in the plots to distinguish publication bias from other factors (such as heterogeneity and subgroup effects) that may cause the plots' asymmetry. However, treatment effects and their standard errors are frequently associated even if no publication bias exists (eg, both variables depend on the four data cells in a 2 × 2 table for the odds ratio), so standard‐error‐based funnel plots may lead to false positive conclusions when such association may not be negligible. In addition, the missingness of studies may relate to their sample sizes besides P values (which are partly determined by standard errors); studies with more samples are more likely published. Therefore, funnel plots based on sample sizes can be an alternative tool. However, the contours for standard‐error‐based funnel plots cannot be directly applied to sample‐size‐based ones. This article introduces contours for sample‐size‐based funnel plots of various effect sizes, which may help meta‐analysts properly interpret such plots' asymmetry. We provide five examples to illustrate the use of the proposed contours.
Kinetic models of the cyclohexene hydromethoxycarbonylation catalyzed by the Pd(OAc)2/trans‐2,3‐bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)norbornane/p‐toluensulfonic acid
Authors: Sevostyanova Nadezhda , Batashev Sergey , Nifant'ev Ilya , Vinogradov Alexander , Tavtorkin Alexander 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOperating over the entire length from the region of initial rates to deep conversions of cyclohexene, hydromethoxycarbonylation kinetic models have been obtained in the temperature range of 358–378 K. At 378 K, a conclusion on a higher stability of the diphosphine complex [HPd(TBDPN)(CH3OH)]OTs compared to [HPd(CO)2OTs] under hydromethoxycarbonylation conditions has been made based on the comparison of the kinetic model constant values.
Improving decision making in larynx cancer by developing a decision aid: A mixed methods approach
Authors: Petersen Japke F. , Berlanga Adriana , Stuiver Martijn M. , Hamming‐Vrieze Olga , Hoebers Frank , Lambin Philippe , van den Brekel Michiel W.M. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivePatients diagnosed with advanced larynx cancer face a decisional process in which they can choose between radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, or a total laryngectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Clinicians do not always agree on the best clinical treatment, making the decisional process for patients a complex problem.MethodsGuided by the International Patient Decision Aid (PDA) Standards, we followed three developmental phases for which we held semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with patients and physicians, thinking‐out‐loud sessions, and a study‐specific questionnaire. Audio‐recorded interviews were verbatim transcribed, thematically coded, and analyzed. Phase 1 consisted of an evaluation of the decisional needs and the regular counseling process; phase 2 tested the comprehensibility and usability of the PDA; and phase 3 beta tested the feasibility of the PDA.ResultsPatients and doctors agreed on the need for development of a PDA. Major revisions were conducted after phase 1 to improve the readability and replace the majority of text with video animations. Patients and physicians considered the PDA to be a major improvement to the current counseling process.ConclusionThis study describes the development of a comprehensible and easy‐to‐use online patient decision aid for advanced larynx cancer, which was found satisfactory by patients and physicians (available on www.treatmentchoice.info). The outcome of the interviews underscores the need for better patient counseling. The feasibility and satisfaction among newly diagnosed patients as well as doctors will need to be proven. To this end, we started a multicenter trial evaluating the PDA in clinical practice (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03292341).Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:2733–2739, 2019