bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohort Differences in Mothers' Perceptions of Neighborhood Quality, Child Well‐being, and Parental Strain, 1976–2002
Authors: Nomaguchi Kei , Fettro Marshal Neal 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo examine differences in mothers' subjective experiences of child‐rearing between 2 cohorts who lived in different eras of sociodemographic contexts and parenting norms.BackgroundA resource perspective suggests that child‐rearing experiences should be easier when mothers have a higher standard of living, higher education, and fewer children, as was the case for mothers in the 2000s compared with mothers in the 1970s. However, a cultural perspective indicates that the intensive mothering ideology, emerged in the 1980s, increased mothers' anxiety and stress over their children's safety and proper development.MethodData from 2 national samples of mothers with children between 6 and 12 years of age in the United States collected in 1976 and 2002 (N = 2,465) were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression models.ResultsMothers in 2002 reported better neighborhood quality and better health of their children than mothers in 1976, even after sociodemographic advantages of mothers in 2002 relative to 1976 were taken into account. Despite these sociodemographic advantages of mothers in 2002, there was little difference in mothers' reports of their children's behavioral adjustments between the 2 cohorts. Furthermore, albeit among Whites only, mothers in 2002 reported more parental strain than did mothers in 1976. There was little variation in mothers' perceptions by socioeconomic status (as measured by a college degree).ConclusionOur results support the idea of a stressed‐moms phenomenon in the contemporary United States, particularly among Whites.ImplicationsExperts who advise parent education policy and programs should take into account the psychological burden of the current neoliberal emphasis on personal responsibility for raising children on individual mothers.
POST‐1989 GEOGRAPHIES IN TERÉZIA MORA'S DER EINZIGE MANN AUF DEM KONTINENT AND DAS UNGEHEUER
Authors: Gerstenberger Katharina 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBeginning around the year 2000, a number of German writers and film‐makers began to send their protagonists into Eastern Europe and beyond. Part of a much larger trend towards the transnational in German‐language literature, this development continues the ‘Eastern Turn’ of the 1990s but reverses the direction of movement. In this article I analyse three recent texts by the Hungarian‐born writer Terézia Mora as part of this, by now, multi‐directional ‘Eastern Turn’: her novels Der einzige Mann auf dem Kontinent (2009) and Das Ungeheuer (2013), and her ‘Frankfurter Poetik‐Vorlesungen’, a collection of five lectures assembled under the title Nicht sterben (2014). The novels, both of which chronicle migration from Eastern Europe to Germany as well as travel in the opposite direction and feature German as well as immigrant characters, present an astute critique of contemporary neoliberal economic conditions and practices that have an effect on all the main characters, albeit in very different ways. The lectures give insights into Mora's creative process and the importance of her deep cultural and historical connections to Eastern Europe. They also illustrate Mora's move beyond her own experience of migration toward broader fictional contexts. Taken together, the three texts suggest that traditional views of a Western centre and Eastern peripheries need to be revised in favour of models mindful of multi‐directional movement and the economies that drive it, and capable of mapping the geographies that emerge as a consequence.
DOING GERMAN DIFFERENTLY: NEW RESEARCH PRACTICES AND PARTNERSHIPS AROUND THE UK
Authors: Braun Rebecca , Schofield Benedict 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article profiles six current projects in UK German Studies, as first presented by Rebecca Braun, Katrin Kohl, Laura Bradley, James Hodkinson, Seán Williams, and Benedict Schofield at the meeting of the Association for German Studies in September 2017. The projects combine ʻcoreʼ Modern Languages skills (close‐textual analysis, cultural analysis, linguistic and cultural translation) with ‘outlier’ methods that emerge and are developed when engaging with a range of stakeholders beyond the discipline and beyond academe. Collectively, the contributions provide insight into how to set about conceptualising and justifying this sort of work, and reflect on how it might enable us to look at the scope and purpose of German Studies in a new light.
DO MARKETS PROVE PESSIMISTS RIGHT?
Authors: Eichberger Jürgen , Guerdjikova Ani 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe study how ambiguity and ambiguity attitudes affect asset prices when consumers form their expectations based on past observations. In an overlapping generations economy with risk‐neutral yet ambiguity‐sensitive consumers, we describe limiting asset prices depending on the proportion of investor types. We then study the evolution of consumer‐type shares. With long memory, the market does not select for ambiguity neutrality. Whenever perceived ambiguity is sufficiently small, but positive, only pessimists survive and determine prices in the limit. With one‐period memory, equilibrium prices are determined by Bayesians. Yet, the average price of the risky asset is lower than its fundamental value.
Mechanism study on microformability of optical glass in ultrasonic‐assisted molding process
Authors: Yu Jianwu , Luo Hong , Nguyen Thai Vinh , Lu Yuetuo , Huang Liang , Zhang Yingying 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUltrasonic‐assisted glass molding process (UGMP) has gained a promising start in microptics fabrication in recent years. To further understand the microforming process and comprehensively evaluate the microformability of the glass in UGMP, theoretical considerations and numerical simulations are performed in this study. A generalized dynamic viscoelastic model of glass in UGMP is first reformulated based on the ultrasonic thermo‐mechanical effects. Correspondingly, a multiphysics numerical model of UGMP is developed to dynamically observe the thermo‐mechanical rheological behaviors of the L‐BAL42 glass inside the microscale mold cavities. The stress distributions and deformation features of the formed micro‐V‐grooves in different molding processes are further employed to fully investigate the ultrasonic mechanical and thermal effects on glass molding. The results show that, as a product of the combined ultrasonic mechanical and thermal effects, the filling rate of the glass in UGMP is observably increased and homogenized, while its maximum forming stress is reduced by 57.6% compared with the conventional molding process (GMP). It is also found that, the ultrasonic thermal effect is dominant in lowering the forming stress of the glass, while the ultrasonic mechanical effect plays a leading role in homogenizing the filling rate of the glass. This study will provide both theoretical and technical supports for high‐efficiency and high‐precision fabrication of surface‐relief microptical elements.
Teaching & Learning Tips 9: Case‐based teaching with patients
Authors: Aluko Ashley , Rana Jasmine , Burgin Susan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChallenge: “Case‐based teaching” is a buzzword for engaging clinical teaching through cases, but how can it be implemented effectively in practice? We review popular case‐based teaching methods (i.e., one‐minute preceptor, SNAPPS, and the “Aunt Minnie method”) for use during traditional one‐on‐one clinical preceptorships in the ambulatory dermatological setting.
Student Migration: Evidence from Chinese Students in the US and China
Authors: Li Wei , Zhao Shengnan , Lu Zheng , Yu Wan , Li Xiaojie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article is based on the analysis of a pair of cross‐national parallel surveys on Chinese students, respectively inside the People's Republic of China and in the US. Specifically, it makes comparisons between two cross‐sectional groups: 1) Chinese students in a PRC university who intend to study abroad (with a subset that stated that the United States is their top destination), versus 2) Chinese students already at a US university. Building on a “motility” concept while using an “Intellectual Migration” conceptual framework and chi‐square and logistic regression analyses, it demonstrates that Chinese students' possibly returning to the PRC are significantly influenced by their gender, college GPA, family finance, assessment of China's current and future development. The results on outmigration or return migration intentions are presented, and it concludes with some policy implications and future research directions.
The non‐professionally affiliated (NPA) worker as co‐producer of public services: how is the role experienced in UK mental health services?
Authors: Procter Stephen , Harrison Deborah , Pearson Pauline , Dickinson Claire 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent workforce reforms have led to the widespread expansion of non‐professionally affiliated (NPA) support and assistant roles within UK public services. Research into these roles has been confined to a limited range of settings, with a focus on the consequence of change for professional workers. This article explores the emergence of ‘co‐production’, whereby NPA workers contribute alongside the professional in a distinct, complementary way. Findings are drawn from semi‐structured interviews with frontline workers and managers within the context of mental health workforce reform. The results build a picture of NPA working life characterised in part by autonomy and responsibility. At the same time, NPA workers rely on colleagues for support and are subject to being used indirectly by professionals. Contextual influences are considered. The conceptual implications of the analysis are brought out, both for the NPA role itself and for the broader issues involved in front line service work.
Chronic Pain and Attention in Older Community‐Dwelling Adults
Authors: van der Leeuw Guusje , Leveille Suzanne G. , Dong Zhiyong , Shi Ling , Habtemariam Daniel , Milberg William , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Grande Laura , Gagnon Peggy , McLean Robert R. , Bean Jonathan F. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVESTo examine the cross‐sectional relationship between chronic pain and complex attention in a population of community‐living older adults.DESIGNProspective cross‐sectional cohort study.SETTINGPopulation‐based Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly of Boston Study II.PARTICIPANTSIndividuals aged 71 to 101 (N=354).MEASUREMENTSChronic pain was measured using the pain severity and interference subscales of the Brief Pain Inventory. Four subscales of the Test of Everyday Attention were used to measure domains of attention switching and selective, sustained, and divided attention.RESULTSBefore and after multivariable adjustment, pain severity was associated with poorer scores on measures of selective and sustained attention. Pain interference scores also were significantly inversely associated with selective attention.CONCLUSIONChronic pain is associated with poorer performance in selective and sustained attention in community‐dwelling older adults. Further research is needed to determine whether effective pain management could lead to better attentional performance in older adults. Older adults who live with chronic pain, often undertreated, are potentially at risk of cognitive difficulties and related functional consequences.
Fixed‐Rate Mortgages, Labor Markets, and Efficiency
Authors: LEE KANGOH 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe paper studies the effects of mortgage choices between fixed‐rate mortgages (FRMs) and adjustable‐rate mortgages (ARMs) on labor market efficiency. FRMs provide insurance for risk‐averse borrowers in the sense that they pay the same rate over time and are not subject to uncertain spot market rates. FRMs, however, discourage borrowers from moving to other regions despite better employment opportunities, as they terminate the FRM contracts in order to move and their new loan interests may be higher. As FRM‐borrowers do not move to other regions due to the interest lock‐ins, entrepreneurs in other regions lose the potential surpluses from productive matches that would have occurred between borrowers‐workers and entrepreneurs. Borrowers ignore this negative externality they impose on the entrepreneurs when choosing their mortgages, and too many borrowers choose FRMs relative to the efficient level. If FRMs are eliminated and ARM‐insurance (that protects ARM‐borrowers against uncertain adjustable interest rates) is created, it will improve efficiency. The paper also assesses quantitatively the welfare effects of eliminating FRMs and providing ARM‐insurance.
Intracellular sorting and transcytosis of the rat transferrin receptor antibody OX26 across the blood–brain barrier in vitro is dependent on its binding affinity
Authors: Haqqani Arsalan S. , Thom George , Burrell Matthew , Delaney Christie E. , Brunette Eric , Baumann Ewa , Sodja Caroline , Jezierski Anna , Webster Carl , Stanimirovic Danica B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a formidable obstacle to the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Antibodies that bind transferrin receptor (TfR), which is enriched in brain endothelial cells, have been shown to cross the BBB and are being developed as fusion proteins to deliver therapeutic cargos to brain targets. Various antibodies have been developed for this purpose and their in vivo evaluation demonstrated that either low affinity or monovalent receptor binding re‐directs their transcellular trafficking away from lysosomal degradation and toward improved exocytosis on the abluminal side of the BBB. However, these studies have been performed with antibodies that recognize different TfR epitopes and have different binding characteristics, preventing inter‐study comparisons. In this study, the efficiency of transcytosis in vitro and intracellular trafficking in endosomal compartments were evaluated in an in vitro BBB model for affinity variants (Kd from 5 to174 nM) of the rat TfR‐binding antibody, OX26. Distribution in subcellular fractions of the rat brain endothelial cells was determined using both targeted quantitative proteomics‐selected reaction monitoring and fluorescent imaging with markers of early‐ and late endosomes. The OX26 variants with affinities of 76 and 108 nM showed improved trancytosis (Papp values) across the in vitro BBB model compared with a 5 nM OX26. Although ~40% of the 5 nM OX26 and ~35% of TfR co‐localized with late‐endosome/lysosome compartment, 76 and 108 nM affinity variants showed lower amounts in lysosomes and a predominant co‐localization with early endosome markers. The study links bivalent TfR antibody affinity to mechanisms of sorting and trafficking away from late endosomes and lysosomes, resulting in improvement in their transcytosis efficiency.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14193.
From pregnancy to cardiovascular disease: Lessons from relaxin‐deficient animals to understand relaxin actions in the vascular system
Authors: Jelinic Maria , Marshall Sarah A. , Leo Chen H. , Parry Laura J. , Tare Marianne 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEarly maternal vascular adaptations to pregnancy are predominantly driven by changes in vascular tone, reactivity, and remodeling. Failure of the maternal systemic vasculature to adapt sufficiently can lead to serious complications of pregnancy. The hormone relaxin is widely recognized for its contribution to the essential renal and systemic hemodynamic adaptations in early pregnancy through direct actions on the maternal vasculature. Studies in relaxin gene knockout mice revealed that endogenous relaxin is not only a “pregnancy hormone” but has pleiotropic actions in various tissues in males and non‐pregnant females. There is strong interest in relaxin's actions in the vasculature and its utility in the treatment of vascular diseases. Relaxin treatment in rodents for 2‐5 days or acute intravenous injection enhances endothelium‐dependent relaxation and decreases myogenic tone in resistance arteries. These vascular actions are prolonged, even in the absence of circulating relaxin, and are underpinned by the production of endothelium‐derived relaxing factors including nitric oxide, endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization, and prostacyclin. Relaxin is also capable of remodeling the vascular wall in a variety of blood vessels in disease conditions. Lessons learned in pregnancy research have aided studies investigating the potential therapeutic potential of relaxin in cardiovascular disease.
LOL2 and LOL5 loci control latex production by laticifer cells in Euphorbia lathyris
Authors: Castelblanque Lourdes , Balaguer Begoña , Marti Cristina , Orozco Marianela , Vera Pablo 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Laticifers are specialized plant cells capable of indefinite elongation that ramify extensively and are responsible for latex biosynthesis and accumulation. However, the mechanisms underlying laticifer cell differentiation, growth and production of latex remain largely unknown.

In a search for mutants showing enhanced accumulation of latex we identified two LOT OF LATEX (LOL) loci in Euphorbia lathyris. lol2 and lol5 mutants show enhanced production of latex contained within laticifer cells. The recessive lol2 mutant carries increased biosynthesis of the plant hormone jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) and therefore establishes a genetic link between jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and latex production in laticifers. Instead, heightened production of latex in lol5 plants obeys to enhanced proliferation of laticifer cells.

Phylogenetic analysis of laticifer‐expressed genes in E. lathyris and in two other latex‐bearing species, Euphorbia corallioides and Euphorbia palustris, allowed the identification of canonical JA responsive elements present in the gene promoter regions of laticifer marker genes. Moreover, we identified that the hormone JA functions not as a morphogen for laticifer differentiation but as a trigger for the fill out of laticifers with latex and the associated triterpenoids.

The identification of LOL loci represents a further step towards the understanding of mechanisms controlling latex production in laticifer cells.
Chronic oral infection: An emerging risk factor of cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Aarabi Ghazal , Thomalla Götz , Heydecke Guido , Seedorf Udo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChronic oral infections (gingivitis/periodontitis) have been associated with age‐related diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and acute ischemic stroke. In addition, imaging surrogates of cerebrovascular ischemia beyond acute ischemic stroke (i.e., silent strokes and brain white matter hyperintensities) may also be associated with chronic oral infections. The pathology underlying lacunar strokes and brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH) relates to small vessel disease in the brain. In this review, we highlight recent progress in exploring potential associations of oral infections with cerebral small vessel disease and its surrogates (silent strokes, white matter hyperintensities) and clinical sequelae (i.e., vascular dementia). Recent evidence suggests that periodontitis aggravates cerebral small vessel disease and increases lacunar stroke risk. Moreover, periodontitis interacts with Alzheimer's disease to increase the severity of clinical dementia and to accelerate its manifestations. The results suggest that periodontitis may be an emerging risk factor of small vessel disease‐associated cerebrovascular disorders and that the risk increase may be mediated by the systemic inflammation resulting from chronic oral infections. Large cohort studies employing state‐of‐the‐art magnetic resonance techniques to identify specific cerebral pathologies as a function of time, oral health status, and systemic inflammation are needed to further substantiate the hypothesis.
Drought‐induced changes in root biomass largely result from altered root morphological traits: Evidence from a synthesis of global field trials
Authors: Zhou Guiyao , Zhou Xuhui , Nie Yuanyuan , Bai Shahla Hosseini , Zhou Lingyan , Shao Junjiong , Cheng Weisong , Wang Jiawei , Hu Fengqin , Fu Yuling 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExtreme drought is likely to become more frequent and intense as a result of global climate change, which may significantly impact plant root traits and responses (i.e., morphology, production, turnover, and biomass). However, a comprehensive understanding of how drought affects root traits and responses remains elusive. Here, we synthesized data from 128 published studies under field conditions to examine the responses of 17 variables associated with root traits to drought. Our results showed that drought significantly decreased root length and root length density by 38.29% and 11.12%, respectively, but increased root diameter by 3.49%. However, drought significantly increased root:shoot mass ratio and root cortical aerenchyma by 13.54% and 90.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that drought significantly modified root morphological traits and increased root mortality, and the drought‐induced decrease in root biomass was less than shoot biomass, causing higher root:shoot mass ratio. The cascading effects of drought on root traits and responses may need to be incorporated into terrestrial biosphere models to improve prediction of the climate–biosphere feedback.
Combined liver and pancreas transplantation in two children with cystic fibrosis—First experience in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Shankar Sahana , Bolia Rishi , Hodgson Alexandra , Bishop Jonathan R. , Evans Helen M. , Oliver Mark R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report the first two pediatric patients with CF who underwent successful combined liver‐pancreas transplantation in Australia and New Zealand for CF liver disease and CF‐related diabetes mellitus.
Body Anatomical UV Protection Predicted by Shade Structures: A Modeling Study
Authors: Religi Arianna , Backes Claudine , Moccozet Laurent , Vuilleumier Laurent , Vernez David , Bulliard Jean‐Luc 
Published: June 2018

AbstractShade is an important means of protection against harmful effects of sun ultraviolet (UV) exposure, but not all shades are identically protective. UV rays scattered by the atmosphere and surroundings can reach the skin indirectly. To evaluate the relative contribution of the direct, diffuse, and reflected radiation in UV protection provided by different sizes of shade structure, we used SimUVEx v2, a numeric tool based on 3D graphic techniques and ambient ground UV irradiance. The relative UV exposure reduction was expressed by the predictive protection factor (PPF). Shade structures were found to predominantly reduce exposure from direct radiation (from 97.1% to 99.9% for the upper body areas such as the head and the neck), with greater protection from larger shade structures and structures closer above the subject. Legs were the least protected anatomical zone from any shade structure above the subject with PPF ranging from 18.5% to 68.1%. Throughout the day, except for lower solar zenith angles (SZA), small and high shade structures provide the lowest protection (between 20% and 50%), while small and low shade structure show PPF between 35% and 65% and large and high shade structures reach PPF higher than 60%.