bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharp conditions for the compactness of the Sobolev embedding on Musielak–Orlicz spaces
Authors: Lang Jan , Méndez Osvaldo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe prove the compactness of the Sobolev embedding for Musielak–Orlicz spaces by way of simple conditions on the Matuszewska index of the underlying space. We provide counterexamples to show the sharpness of our conditions.
Alternate Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Parameters to Manage Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Conway Zachary J. , Silburn Peter A. , Thevathasan Wesley , Maley Karen O' , Naughton Geraldine A. , Cole Michael H. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe use of alternate frequencies, amplitudes, and pulse widths to manage motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) is of clinical interest, but currently lacks systematic evidence.Objective/HypothesisSystematically review whether alternate STN‐DBS settings influence the therapy's efficacy for managing PD motor symptoms.MethodsSystematic searches identified studies that; involved bilateral STN‐DBS PD patients; manipulated ≥ 1 STN‐DBS parameter (e.g., amplitude); assessed ≥ 1 motor symptom (e.g., tremor); and contrasted the experimental and chronic stimulation settings. A Mantel‐Haenszel random‐effects meta‐analysis compared the UPDRS‐III sub‐scores at low (60‐Hz) and high frequencies ( ≥ 130 Hz). Inter‐study heterogeneity was assessed with the Cohen's χ2 and I2 index, while the standard GRADE evidence assessment examined strength of evidence.ResultsOf the 21 included studies, 17 investigated the effect of alternate stimulation frequencies, five examined alternate stimulation amplitudes, and two studied changes in pulse width. Given the available data, meta‐analyses were only possible for alternate stimulation frequencies. Analysis of the heterogeneity amongst the included studies indicated significant variability between studies and, on the basis of the GRADE framework, the pooled evidence from the meta‐analysis studies was of very low quality due to the significant risks of bias.ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis reported a very low quality of evidence for the efficacy of low‐frequency STN‐DBS for managing PD motor symptoms. Furthermore, it highlighted that lower amplitudes lead to the re‐emergence of motor symptoms and further research is needed to understand the potential benefits of alternate STN‐DBS parameters for PD patients.
Psychosocial impact ofBRCAtesting in young Black breast cancer survivors
Authors: Gonzalez Brian D. , Hoogland Aasha I. , Kasting Monica L. , Cragun Deborah , Kim Jongphil , Ashing Kimlin , Holt Cheryl L. , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Pal Tuya , Vadaparampil Susan T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivePrior studies demonstrating minimal psychological consequences for women receiving genetic counseling/genetic testing (GC/GT) for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer rely on predominantly Caucasian women. We conducted a prospective follow‐up of a subset of participants from a population‐based study of Black breast cancer (BC) survivors receiving GC/GT forBRCA1andBRCA2mutations.MethodsBlack women with invasive BC at age ≤ 50 years diagnosed between 2009 and 2012 were recruited through the Florida Cancer Registry. Participants (n = 215, ageM = 44.7,SD = 6.2) were offered telephone pre‐ and post‐test GC, a subset completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables.ResultsThere were no baseline differences in cancer‐related distress, psychological distress, or quality of life between test result groups. Social well‐being improved in women receiving negative results (P = .01), but no other outcomes demonstrated significant changes over time between groups.ConclusionsOur study is among the first to demonstrate minimal negative psychosocial outcomes following GC/GT among young Black BC survivors, irrespective of test results.
Structure and role for active site lid of lactate monooxygenase from Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Kean Kelsey M. , Karplus P. Andrew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLactate monooxygenase (LMO) catalyzes the FMN‐dependent “coupled” oxidation of lactate and O2 to acetate, carbon dioxide, and water, involving pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide as enzyme‐bound intermediates. Other α‐hydroxy acid oxidase family members follow an “uncoupled pathway,” wherein the α‐keto acid product quickly dissociates before the reduced flavin reacts with oxygen. Here, we report the structures of Mycobacterium smegmatis wild‐type LMO and a wild‐type‐like C203A variant at 2.1 Å and 1.7 Å resolution, respectively. The overall LMO fold and active site organization, including a bound sulfate mimicking substrate, resemble those of other α‐hydroxy acid oxidases. Based on structural similarity, LMO is similarly distant from lactate oxidase, glycolate oxidase, mandelate dehydrogenase, and flavocytochrome b2 and is the first representative enzyme of its type. Comparisons with other α‐hydroxy acid oxidases reveal that LMO has a longer and more compact folded active site loop (Loop 4), which is known in related flavoenzymes to undergo order/disorder transitions to allow substrate/product binding and release. We propose that LMO's Loop 4 has an enhanced stability that is responsible for the slow product release requisite for the coupled pathway. We also note electrostatic features of the LMO active site that promote substrate binding. Whereas the physiological role of LMO remains unknown, we document what can currently be assessed of LMO's distribution in nature, including its unexpected occurrence, presumably through horizontal gene transfer, in halophilic archaea and in a limited group of fungi of the genus Beauveria.Broad statement of impactThis first crystal structure of the FMN‐dependent α‐hydroxy acid oxidase family member lactate monooxygenase (LMO) reveals it has a uniquely large active site lid that we hypothesize is stable enough to explain the slow dissociation of pyruvate that leads to its “coupled” oxidation of lactate and O2 to produce acetate, carbon dioxide, and water. Also, the relatively widespread distribution of putative LMOs supports their importance and provides new motivation for their further study.
Phase I outlier detection in profiles with binary data based on penalized likelihood
Authors: Li Zhen , Shang Yanfen , He Zhen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProfile monitoring has been proven to be important among statistical process control problems. In some specific applications, the response variable of a profile can be categorical data, and numerous methods have been proposed for monitoring this type of profiles. Nevertheless, outlier detection for profiles with categorical data still attracted insufficient attention in the literature. To this end, this paper focuses on binary profiles and develops two schemes for outlier detection, from the viewpoint of penalized likelihood, based on the group LASSO method and directional information, respectively, in which the profiles of interest are treated as an integrated high‐dimensional vector. Simulation study shows that the proposed group‐type scheme usually performs better than the existingchart in terms of detecting outliers correctly and alleviating the masking effect. Finally, a real example is used for illustrating the implementation of the proposed scheme.
The effect of constant and seasonal changes of ambient conditions on long‐term behavior of high‐rise concrete structures
Authors: Jalilzadeh Afshari Mohammad , Kheyroddin Ali , Gholhaki Majid 
Published: September 2018

SummaryTemperature is one of the most important factors affecting the long‐term behavior of concrete: Its remarkable impact is directly involved in the analysis and design of structures. In this paper, the effect of ambient temperature on the development of modulus of elasticity, creep, and the shrinkage of concrete with time is investigated under nonlinear staged analysis. This is performed under two sections of constant temperature changes with four different temperatures as indicators of the spectrum from cold to tropical cities, and the seasonal changes in ambient conditions with real growth of creep curves and modulus of elasticity in four modes of the construction start at each of the four seasons of the year, giving indications of the long‐term behavior of high‐rise dual systems and special moment resisting frames. The structures are designed optimally, based on the results of the conventional one‐step analysis and regardless of inelastic strains and temperature effects. This ensures that after applying the concrete time‐dependent parameters at desired temperatures and redesigning according to new forces of nonlinear staged analysis, the feasibility of comparing changes in sections and drifts of the structures can be established. The results show that summer is the worst season to start construction.
The Catalytic Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and CO2 by Metal Nanoparticles on Lewis‐Acidic Supports
Authors: Toyao Takashi , Hakim Siddiki S. M. A. , Kon Kenichi , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of heterogeneous catalysts for green chemical synthesis is currently a growing area in catalysis and sustainable chemistry. Especially the use of renewable carbon resources such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and biomass‐derived compounds (e. g. carboxylic acids, esters, and amides) represent highly attractive research targets. As these substances reside in a high oxidation state, efficient reduction processes are required in order to convert these substrates into useful and value‐added chemicals. Moreover, in the interest of mass production, these substrates should be reduced by molecular H2 and a heterogeneous catalyst. In this context, our group has developed advanced catalysts and established design guidelines for catalysts that promote the reductive transformations of carboxylic acid derivatives and CO2. Our studies show that cooperative catalysis between Lewis‐acidic sites on the catalyst support and supported metal nanoparticles are crucial for the success of these challenging hydrogenations. In this review, we summarize the results of our recent studies on the direct synthesis of value‐added chemicals from CO2 and carboxylic acid derivatives using supported transition‐metal catalysts, and we propose a design concept for heterogeneous catalysts that promote these processes.
Cryptotanshinone (Dsh‐003) from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge inhibits prostaglandin E2‐induced survival and invasion effects in HA22T hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Chang Julia Huei‐Mei , Lin Chih‐Hsueh , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Chou Yung‐Chen , Liu Jer‐Yuh , Chou Yen‐Hong , Shen Chia‐Yao , Yeh Yu‐Lan , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHuman hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the second most common cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer‐related mortality in Taiwan. Previous reports show that the expression of (E‐type prostaglandin 2) EP2 and (E‐type prostaglandin 4) EP4 are elevated in HCC and further demonstrate that Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces HA22T cell proliferation and metastasis through EP2 and EP4 receptor. Danshen (root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is a very important and popular traditional Chinese herbal medicine which is widely and successfully used against breast cancer, leukemia, pancreatic cancer, and head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. In this study, we used Cryptotansinone (Dsh‐003) (MW 269.14) from Danshen to investigate their effect and corresponding mechanism of action in PGE2‐treated HA22T cells. Dsh‐003 inhibited HA22T cell viability and further induced cell apoptosis in PGE2‐treated HA22T cells. Furthermore, Dsh‐003 inhibited EP2, EP4, and their downstream effector such as p‐PI3K and p‐Akt expression in HA22T hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We also observed that Dsh‐003 blocked PGE2‐induced cell migration by down‐regulating PGE2‐induced β‐catenin expression and by up‐regulating E‐cadherin and GSK3‐β expression. All these findings suggest that Dsh‐003 inhibit human HCC cell lines and could potentially be used as a novel drug for HCC treatment.
The Unacceptable Morbidity of Negative Laparoscopic Appendicectomy
Authors: Allaway Matthew G. R. , Eslick Guy D. , Cox Michael R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most common acute conditions managed by general surgeons is acute appendicitis. Laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) is the surgical technique used by many surgeons. The aims of this study were to define our unit’s negative appendicectomy rate and compare the outcomes associated with removal of a normal appendix with those for acute appendicitis in patients having LA.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective case note review of patients undergoing LA for suspected acute appendicitis was performed. Patients were divided into positive and negative appendicectomy groups based on histology results. The positive group was subdivided into uncomplicated and complicated (perforated and/or gangrenous) appendicitis. Outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsThere were 1413 patients who met inclusion criteria, 904 in the positive group and 509 in the negative group, an overall negative appendicectomy rate of 36.0%. Morbidity rates (6.3% vs. 6.9%; P = 0.48) and types of morbidity were the same for negative appendicectomy and uncomplicated appendicitis. There was no significant difference in complication severity (all P > 0.17) or length of stay (2.3 vs. 2.6 days; P = 0.06) between negative appendicectomy and uncomplicated appendicitis groups. Patients with complicated appendicitis had a significantly higher morbidity rate compared to negative and uncomplicated groups (20.1% vs. 6.3% and 20.1% vs. 6.9%; both P < 0.001).ConclusionThe morbidity of negative LA is the same as LA for uncomplicated appendicitis. The morbidity of LA for complicated appendicitis is significantly higher. The selection criteria for LA in our unit needs to be reviewed to address the high negative appendicectomy rate and avoid unnecessary surgery and its associated morbidity.
eDNA detection of corallivorous seastar (Acanthaster cf. solaris) outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef using digital droplet PCR
Authors: Uthicke Sven , Lamare Miles , Doyle Jason R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCoral loss through consumption by corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastars (CoTS, Acanthaster spp.) is a major contributor to the coral reef crisis in the Indo-Pacific region. The fourth wave of Acanthaster cf. solaris outbreaks since the 1960s started around 2010 on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Ecological monitoring failed to detect early outbreak stages, thus preventing timely intervention. Here, we develop a digital droplet PCR (ddPCR)-based method to detect environmental DNA (eDNA) of CoTS in 2-l water samples that can be compared with abundances of the species recorded by divers along 200-m2 transects. Aquarium tests demonstrated that eDNA was readily detectable and increases proportional to the biomass of CoTS (R2 = 0.99, p < 0.0001). Adaptation from a quantitative PCR technique developed for CoTS larvae (Doyle et al. in Marine Biology 164:176, 2017) to ddPCR improved the limit of quantification (LOQ) by a factor of 45. During field verification on 11 reefs, CoTS eDNA was detectable on all reefs suffering outbreaks. In contrast, CoTS eDNA was absent from ‘post-outbreak’ reefs after populations collapsed and from ‘pre-outbreak’ reefs. In linear models, CoTS densities explained a high amount of variance of eDNA concentrations, both for water samples taken at the depth of transects (R2 = 0.60, p < 0.0001) and on the sea surface (R2 = 0.46, p = 0.0004). The proportion of samples above LOQ was also correlated with CoTS densities, with a similar amount of variance explained as for the concentration (underwater R2 = 0.68, p < 0.0001; surface R2 = 0.49, p = 0.0004). We conclude that, after consideration of sampling locations and times, this method is promising for CoTS population monitoring and early detection of outbreaks and might supplement or replace traditional monitoring. Development of automated samplers and possibly on board PCR in the future will further improve early detection.
Study on the Characters of Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating in Asymmetric Perturbation and Its Application in Fiber Laser Acoustic Sensor
Authors: Zhao Yanjie , Ni Jiasheng , Zhang Faxiang , Song Zhiqiang , Li Luyan , Chen Ting , Li Shuang 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A π phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating theoretical model is established, and the effects of an asymmetric and symmetrical perturbation field on a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating are investigated in this paper. The trends of wavelength shifting caused by effective refraction index of phase shift grating in symmetric and asymmetric acoustic field are investigated in detail. Then, the fiber laser acoustic sensors packaged in asymmetric and symmetrical structures are designed and tested, respectively. The results show that the acoustic response of the wavelength of the distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser (FL) in an asymmetric packaging structure is much more sensitive than in that in the symmetrical structure. The sensor packaged in the asymmetrical structure has a better low frequency (0 Hz–500 Hz) performance and a higher sensitivity than that in the symmetrical structure, and the sensitivity is improved about 15 dB in average and 32.7 dB in maximum. It provides a new method to improve the sensitivity of the fiber acoustic sensor.
Bibliometric Analysis of Erectile Dysfunction Publications in Urology and Sexual Medicine Journals
Authors: Rezaee Michael E. , Johnson Heather A. , Munarriz Ricardo M. , Gross Martin S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Scientific literature has experienced a significant growth in the number of authors per publication each year. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common urologic conditions, accounting for over 2.9 million outpatient visits per year. Given the prevalence of ED and the large literature base available on this condition, bibliometric analysis of the ED literature could provide urologists and sexual medicine specialists with a better understanding of publication trends in this topic area.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to investigate trends in authorship, citations, and impact score for ED original and review articles published in urology and sexual medicine journals.

Methods
We analyzed ED original research and review articles indexed in MEDLINE between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the mean number of authors for articles by journal type and time period (2006 vs 2016). Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between number of authors, number of citations, and relative citation ratio (RCR).

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcomes of interest included mean number of authors, citations, and RCR per manuscript by journal type and time period.

Results
A total of 3,516 articles were analyzed, 2,938 (83.6%) original and 578 (16.4%) review articles. The mean number of authors among ED publications increased from 4.8 in 2006 to 6.4 in 2016, a 34.4% increase. Original articles had a greater mean number of authors compared to review articles (6.0 vs 4.3, P &lt; .001). The mean number of authors for original articles significantly increased from 5.0 in 2006 to 7.0 in 2016 (P &lt; .001), an increase of 38.9%. A positive linear relationship was observed between mean number of authors and number of citations per manuscript (r = 0.015, P &lt; .01) as well as RCR (r = 0.37, P &lt; .0001). The largest authorship increases were observed in European Urology (78.8%), BJU International (78.6%), and Journal of Sexual Medicine (58.1%).

Clinical Implications
Authorship trends should be taken into consideration when urologists and sexual medicine experts review ED articles for the purpose of informing patient care.

Strength and Limitations
Primary strengths include a large literature base spanning multiple years for analysis and a systematic literature search to identify relevant ED literature. Findings are limited to ED literature published in the urology and sexual medicine journals analyzed.

Conclusion
The number of authors per ED manuscript has significantly increased over time, most notably among original research articles. Increasing authorship was associated with more citations and higher RCR in the ED literature.
Can the subaltern securitize? Postcolonial perspectives on securitization theory and its critics
Authors: Bertrand Sarah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDrawing on postcolonial and feminist writings, this article re-examines securitization theory’s so-called ‘silence-problem’. Securitization theory sets up a definably colonial relationship whereby certain voices cannot be heard, while other voices try to speak for those who are silenced. The article shows that the subaltern cannot securitize, first, because they are structurally excluded from the concept of security through one of three mechanisms: locutionary silencing, illocutionary disablement, or illocutionary frustration. Second, the subaltern cannot securitize because they are always already being securitized and spoken for – as in this case by the well-meaning intellectuals trying to highlight and remediate their predicament. Third, the subaltern cannot securitize because the popular rendering of securitization theory as critical obfuscates and rationalises their marginalisation. This article thus reveals the ‘colonial moment’ in securitization studies, showing how securitization theory is complicit with securitizations ‘for’ that marginalise and silence globally, not just locally outside ‘the West’.
War and punitivity under anarchy
Authors: Wagner Wolfgang , Werner Wouter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe individualisation of punishment is a key element in liberal narratives about international law and international relations. This narrative has become an integral part of positive international law, especially the regimes governing the use of force and the prosecution of an international crimes. Rather than punishing states or entire societies, liberals claim, punishment has become restricted to those who incurred individual guilt. To liberals, the individualisation of punishment is part of a larger process of enlightenment and civilisation that has helped to fence atavisms like revenge. We do not question the emergence of an ever more sophisticated system of individual punishment in international law. However, we argue that punitivity has been more difficult to fully channel towards individuals and away from collectives than claimed. To be sure, punitive language has by and large been banned from the laws of armed conflict. We argue, however, that the absence of a punitive vocabulary does not equal the absence of punitivity. In contrast, current state practices of using armed force are still imbued with punitivity, however silenced in the current legal framework and thus pushed underground. Realising the presence of a punitive undercurrent, we argue, adds to a more comprehensive understanding of contemporary state practices.