bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen des hygrothermischen Verhaltens von Brettsperrholz am Beispiel einer Außenwand
Authors: Ganster Konstantin , Ringhofer Andreas , Schickhofer Gerhard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIm Rahmen des Bauvorhabens „massive_living“ in Graz (AT) wurden Sensoren innerhalb eines Außenwandabschnitts in Holz‐Massivbauweise mit Brettsperrholz installiert und über einen Zeitraum von mehr als zwei Jahren beobachtet. Aufgrund des hygroskopischen Verhaltens von Holz kommt es zu einer Anpassung der Holzfeuchte (Holzausgleichsfeuchte) an das umgebende Klima. Da die Holzfeuchte alle mechanischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Holz maßgeblich beeinflusst, ist deren Kenntnis von großer Bedeutung für die Realisierung von Bauwerken aus Holz. Bezüglich der umgebenden Luft werden tragende Holzbauteile nach ÖNORM EN 1995‐1‐1:2019 [1] in sogenannte Nutzungsklassen unterteilt, welche einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Nachweisführung in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit haben. Es stellt sich nun die Frage, welche Werte die Holzausgleichsfeuchte eines Bauteiles im Laufe einiger Jahre annehmen kann. Ziel dieses Forschungsprojektes war es, ein Verständnis des hygrothermischen Verhaltens einer Brettsperrholzwand (BSP‐Wand) zu erlangen und die dabei gewonnenen Messdaten im Anschluss daran mit jenen aus den Simulationen zu vergleichen. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen einen starken Einfluss der Innenraumbedingungen auf die Holzausgleichsfeuchte, wobei auch bei hohen Feuchtigkeitsbeanspruchungen ein gutmütiges Verhalten in Bezug auf Feuchtepufferung zu beobachten ist. Außerdem zeigten weiterführende Messungen eine Abhängigkeit der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von der Raumhöhe, welche bei hygrothermischen Berechnungen (wie beispielsweise im deckennahen Bereich) Berücksichtigung finden sollten.
Konvektiver Feuchteeintrag in Leichtbaukonstruktionen
Authors: Kölsch Philipp , Künzel Hartwig , Zirkelbach Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIm Vergleich zur Gesamtgebäudedichtheit und den damit verbundenen energetischen Aspekten ist der konvektive Feuchteeintrag in Baukonstruktionen durch kleinste verbleibende Luftströmungen immer noch eine Herausforderung. Konvektiver Feuchteeintrag in Leichtbaukonstruktionen kann zu erhöhten Bauteilfeuchten und in vielen Fällen auch zu massiven Schäden führen, selbst wenn die ursächlichen Leckagen energetisch vernachlässigbar sind. Um die hier ablaufenden Befeuchtungsvorgänge besser verstehen zu können, wurden Experimente an realen Wänden in einer Doppelklimakammer durchgeführt. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen wurden verschiedenste Einflussfaktoren analysiert und Schlussfolgerungen für die Praxis gezogen. Die Ergebnisse geben hierüber aufschlussreiche Informationen. So ist die Feuchteverteilung zwischen Schalung und Mineralwolle vor allem von der Dämmstoffdichte abhängig. Die Feuchteverteilung über die Höhe einer Wand wird dagegen maßgeblich von der vorherrschenden Druckdifferenz beeinflusst. Zudem konnte ein Grenzströmungseffekt beobachtet werden, der bei Leckagen nahe Pfosten bzw. Sparren zu einer erhöhten Luftströmung in diesem Bereich und damit auch zu erhöhten Holzfeuchten führen kann. Weiterhin konnten Unterschiede im Strömungsverhalten verschiedener Leckagetypen ermittelt werden. Eine ebenfalls wichtige Erkenntnis ist, dass trotz sehr guter Verarbeitung ein maßgeblicher Leckageanteil den Klebeverbindungen selbst zugeordnet werden muss.
Structural Mimics of Acetylene Hydratase: Tungsten Complexes Capable of Intramolecular Nucleophilic Attack on Acetylene
Authors: Vidovič Carina , Peschel Lydia M. , Buchsteiner Michael , Belaj Ferdinand , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBioinspired complexes employing the ligands 6‐tert‐butylpyridazine‐3‐thione (SPn) and pyridine‐2‐thione (SPy) were synthesized and fully characterized to mimic the tungstoenzyme acetylene hydratase (AH). The complexes [W(CO)(C2H2)(CHCH‐SPy)(SPy)] (4) and [W(CO)(C2H2)(CHCH‐SPn)(SPn)] (5) were formed by intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen donors of the ligand on the coordinated C2H2 molecule. Labelling experiments using C2D2 with the SPy system revealed the insertion reaction proceeding via a bis‐acetylene intermediate. The starting complex [W(CO)(C2H2)(SPy)2] (6) for these studies was accessed by the new acetylene precursor mixture [W(CO)(C2H2)n(MeCN)3−nBr2] (n=1 and 2; 7). All complexes represent rare examples in the field of W−C2H2 chemistry with 4 and 5 being the first of their kind. In the ongoing debate on the enzymatic mechanism, the findings support activation of acetylene by the tungsten center.
Engineering Carbon Distribution in Silicon‐Based Anodes at Multiple Scales
Authors: Zhu Guanjia , Jiang Wan , Yang Jianping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe successful commercialization of promising silicon‐based anode materials has been hampered by their poor cycling stability caused by the huge volume change. Integration of the carbon matrix with silicon‐based (C/Si‐based) anode materials has been demonstrated to be a powerful solution to achieve satisfactory electrochemical performance. This minireview aims to outline recent developments on C/Si‐based composites, with the emphasis on the importance of carbon distribution at multiple scales. In addition, the forms of the carbon framework (carbon sources and doping of heteroatoms) have been summarized. Particularly, a novel C/Si‐based hybrid with carbon distributed at the atomic scale has been highlighted.
Star‐Shaped Ruthenium Complexes as Prototypes of Molecular Gears
Authors: Erbland Guillaume , Abid Seifallah , Gisbert Yohan , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Hashimoto Yuichiro , Andreoni Leonardo , Guérin Théo , Kammerer Claire , Rapenne Gwénaël 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe design and synthesis of two families of molecular‐gear prototypes is reported, with the aim of assembling them into trains of gears on a surface and ultimately achieving controlled intermolecular gearing motion. These piano‐stool ruthenium complexes incorporate a hydrotris(indazolyl)borate moiety as tripodal rotation axle and a pentaarylcyclopentadienyl ligand as star‐shaped cogwheel, equipped with five teeth ranging from pseudo‐1D aryl groups to large planar 2D paddles. A divergent synthetic approach was followed, starting from a pentakis(p‐bromophenyl)cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) complex as key precursor or from its iodinated counterpart, obtained by copper‐catalyzed aromatic Br/I exchange. Subsequent fivefold cross‐coupling reactions with various partners allowed high structural diversity to be reached and yielded molecular‐gear prototypes with aryl‐, carbazole‐, BODIPY‐ and porphyrin‐derived teeth of increasing size and length.
Effect of Building Block Transformation in Covalent Triazine‐Based Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Uptake and Metal‐Free Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Krishnaraj Chidharth , Schmidt Johannes , Leus Karen , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Der Voort Pascal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCovalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have provided a unique platform in functional material design for a wide range of applications. This work reports a series of new CTFs with two new heteroaromatic building blocks (pyrazole and isoxazole groups) through a building‐block transformation approach aiming for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and metal‐free catalysis. The CTFs were synthesized from their respective building blocks [(4,4′‐(1H‐pyrazole‐3,5‐diyl)dibenzonitrile (pyz) and 4,4′‐(isoxazole‐3,5‐diyl)dibenzonitrile (isox))] under ionothermal conditions using ZnCl2. Both of the building blocks were designed by an organic transformation of an acetylacetone containing dinitrile linker to pyrazole and isoxazole groups, respectively. Due to this organic transformation, (i) linker aromatization, (ii) higher surface areas and nitrogen contents, (iii) higher aromaticity, and (iv) higher surface basicity was achieved. Due to these enhanced properties, CTFs were explored for CO2 uptake and metal‐free heterogeneous catalysis. Among all, the isox‐CTF, synthesized at 400 °C, showed the highest CO2 uptake (4.92 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 2.98 mmol g−1 at 298 K at 1 bar). Remarkably, these CTFs showed excellent metal‐free catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of benzylamine at mild reaction conditions. On studying the properties of the CTFs, it was observed that organic transformations and ligand aromatization of the materials are crucial factor to tune the important parameters that influence the CO2 uptake and the catalytic activity. Overall, this work highlights the substantial effect of designing new CTF materials by building‐block organic transformations resulting in better properties for CCS applications and heterogeneous catalysis.
Aldehydes as Alkylating Agents for Ketones
Authors: Runikhina Sofiya A. , Afanasyev Oleg I. , Biriukov Klim , Perekalin Dmitry S. , Klussmann Martin , Chusov Denis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCommon and non‐toxic aldehydes are proposed as reagents for alkylation of ketones instead of carcinogenic alkyl halides. The developed reductive alkylation reaction proceeds in the presence of the commercially available ruthenium catalyst [(cymene)RuCl2]2(as low as 250 ppm) and carbon monoxide as the reducing agent. The reaction works well for a broad substrate scope, including aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. It can be carried out without a solvent and often gives nearly quantitative yields of the products. This straightforward and cost‐effective method is promising not only for laboratory application but also for industry, which produces carbon monoxide as a large‐scale waste product.
Laplacian of the Hamiltonian Kinetic Energy Density as an Indicator of Binding and Weak Interactions
Authors: Carpio‐Martínez Pablo , Barquera‐Lozada José E. , Pendás Angel Martín , Cortés‐Guzmán Fernando 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe kinetic energy is the center of a controversy between two opposite points of view about its role in the formation of a chemical bond. One school states that a lowering of the kinetic energy associated with electron delocalization is the key stabilization mechanism of covalent bonding. In contrast, the opposite school holds that a chemical bond is formed by a decrease in the potential energy due to a concentration of electron density within the binding region. In this work, a topographic analysis of the Hamiltonian Kinetic Energy Density (KED) and its laplacian is presented to gain more insight into the role of the kinetic energy within chemical interactions. This study is focused on atoms, diatomic and organic molecules, along with their dimers. In addition, it is shown that the laplacian of the Hamiltonian KED exhibits a shell structure in atoms and that their outermost shell merge when a molecule is formed. A covalent bond is characterized by a concentration of kinetic energy, potential energy and electron densities along the internuclear axis, whereas a charge‐shift bond is characterized by a fusion of external concentration shells and a depletion in the bonding region. In the case of weak intermolecular interactions, the external shell of the molecules merge into each other resulting in an intermolecular surface comparable to that obtained by the Non‐covalent interaction (NCI) analysis.
Dissolution of Platinum Single Crystals in Acidic Medium
Authors: Sandbeck Daniel J. S. , Brummel Olaf , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Libuda Jörg , Katsounaros Ioannis , Cherevko Serhiy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlatinum single crystal basal planes consisting of Pt(111), Pt(100), Pt(110) and reference polycrystalline platinum Pt(poly) were subjected to various potentiodynamic and potentiostatic electrochemical treatments in 0.1 M HClO4. Using the scanning flow cell coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (SFC‐ICP‐MS) the transient dissolution was detected on‐line. Clear trends in dissolution onset potentials and quantities emerged which can be related to the differences in the crystal plane surface structure energies and coordination. Pt(111) is observed to have a higher dissolution onset potential while the generalized trend in dissolution rates and quantities was found to be Pt(110)>P(100)≈Pt(poly)>Pt(111).
Apoptotic Cell Exclusion and Bias‐Free Single‐Cell Selection Are Important Quality Control Requirements for Successful Single‐Cell Sequencing Applications
Authors: Ordoñez‐Rueda Diana , Baying Bianka , Pavlinic Dinko , Alessandri Luca , Yeboah Yvonne , Landry Jonathan J.M. , Calogero Raffaele , Benes Vladimir , Paulsen Malte 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSingle‐cell sequencing experiments are a new mainstay in biology and have been advancing science especially in the biomedical field. The high pressure to integrate the technology into daily laboratory live requires solid knowledge with respect to potential limitations and precautions to be taken care of before applying it to complex research questions. In the past, we have identified two issues with quality measures neglected by the growing community involving SmartSeq and droplet or micro‐well‐based scRNASeq methods (1) how to ensure that only single cells are introduced without biasing on light scattering when handling complex cell mixtures and organ preparations or (2) how best to control for (pro‐)apoptotic cell contaminations in single‐cell sequencing approaches. Sighting of concurrent literature involving single‐cell sequencing technologies revealed that these topics are generally neglected or simply approached in silico but not at the bench before generating single‐cell data sets. We fear that those important quality aspects are overlooked due to reduced awareness of their importance for guaranteeing the quality of experiments. In this Cytometry rigor issue, we provide experimentally supported guidance on how to circumvent those critical shortcomings in order to promote a better use of the fantastic single‐cell sequencing toolbox in biology. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collagen Organization Within the Cartilage of Trpv4−/− Mice Studied with Two‐Photon Microscopy and Polarized Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Servin‐Vences M. Rocio , Poole Kate , Sporbert Anje , Lewin Gary R. , Margineanu Anca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe polymodal channel TRPV4 has been shown to regulate development and maintenance of cartilage. Here we investigate whether TRPV4 activity regulates the early deposition and structure of collagen matrix in the femoral head cartilage by comparing the 3D morphology and the sub‐micrometer organization of the collagen matrix between wild type and Trpv4
−/− mice pups four to five days old. Two‐photon microscopy can be used to conduct label‐free imaging of cartilage, as collagen generates a second harmonic signal (second harmonic generation [SHG]) under pulsed infrared excitation. In one set of measurements, we use circularly polarized laser light to reconstruct the 3D morphology of the femoral head cartilage and to measure the tissue thickness. Second, by rotating the direction of the linearly polarized light and using polarized SHG detection, we investigate the sub‐micrometer orientation of collagen fibers in the cartilage. At this developmental stage, we cannot detect statistically significant differences between the two mice strains, although a tendency toward a more random orientation of collagen fibers and a higher thickness of the whole cartilage seems to characterize the Trpv4
−/− mice. We discuss possible reasons for these observations. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Challenges of collecting blow from small cetaceans
Authors: Raudino Holly C. , Tyne Julian A. , Smith Alastair , Ottewell Kym , McArthur Shelley , Kopps Anna M. , Chabanne Delphine , Harcourt Robert G. , Pirotta Vanessa , Waples Kelly 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe trialed the collection of blow samples using a waterproof electric multirotor (quadcopter) drone from two free‐ranging dolphin species, the abundant and approachable bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) and the less common and boat shy humpback dolphin (Sousa sahulensis). This drone was fast, maneuverable, and quiet compared to other drones commonly used in studies of cetaceans and relative to their hearing thresholds. We were successful in collecting blow samples from four individual dolphins (three bottlenose dolphins and one humpback dolphin) in two groups. The success of obtaining samples was dependent on the individual dolphin's activity. We were successful in sampling when dolphins were resting and socializing but found that socializing dolphins were not predictable in their surfacing and direction and therefore do not recommend drone sampling socializing dolphins. The suitability and preference of the sampling technique over biopsy sampling is highly dependent on the dolphin activity. We also attempted to extract DNA from the blow samples with the aim of assessing the feasibility of using blow sampling by drone for population genetic studies. We were unsuccessful in extracting DNA and recommend that others attempting to sample dolphin blow with a drone should prioritize collecting a larger volume of blow that may yield adequate concentrations of DNA to be amplified. Blow sample volume could potentially be increased by sampling with more absorbent materials.
Arboreal ant abundance tracks primary productivity in an Amazonian whitewater river system
Authors: Pringle Elizabeth G. , Santos Talitha Ferreira dos , Gonçalves Marcelle S. , Hawes Joseph E. , Peres Carlos A. , Baccaro Fabricio B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLittle is known about consumer productivity in the tropics despite the key feedbacks that animals impose on primary productivity. In the Amazon basin, seasonally flooded and unflooded forests exist side by side, and ants (Formicidae) dominate animal biomass. Although flooding has a direct negative effect on soil‐dwelling ants, it is less clear whether flooding has indirect effects on arboreal ants via associated changes in tree communities. To test whether seasonal inundation by whitewater affects arboreal ants, we investigated ant communities in adjacent flooded and unflooded forests along a major whitewater river in central‐western Amazonia. Whitewater‐flooded forest exhibits higher primary productivity than unflooded forest. We thus hypothesized that forest type would affect the productivity and the foraging traits of arboreal ants and that these changes would be mediated by increases in plant‐derived food for ants in flooded forest. We compared ant and plant communities between flooded‐ and unflooded‐forest transects along the Juruá River in Amazonas, Brazil. We collected, identified, and counted terrestrial and arboreal ants, and we measured ant traits with putative relationships to foraging strategy. We also identified plant stems to characterize the abundance of ant food rewards. Flooding negatively affected the diversity and abundance of terrestrial ants but did not change the diversity of arboreal ants. Arboreal ants were more abundant and exhibited higher biomass in flooded forest than in unflooded forest. Arboreal ant traits also suggested that ants may rely more heavily on plant‐derived food in flooded forest than in unflooded forest. These differences were associated with a higher abundance of plant stems predicted to contain ant food rewards in flooded forest than in unflooded forest. Our results indicate that the productivity of arboreal ants is affected by that of the underlying forest. Such effects may be mediated by the predominantly herbivorous foraging strategy of canopy ants, which would link ant populations closely to primary production and stoichiometry. Given ants’ important functional roles, these differences in ant productivity between forest types may have consequences for other arthropods and feedbacks to plants throughout the Amazon basin.
Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Fatty Acid Composition, and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Lamb Fed Diet with the Addition of Lingonberry Leaves and Oak Bark
Authors: Majewska Małgorzata P. , Kowalik Barbara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study is to determine the effect of natural additives supplemented to the lamb diet on lamb performance, fatty acid (FA) composition of edible parts of lambs, and biochemical plasma indices. The study is carried out on 18 male lambs, allocated to three groups in a randomized complete block design. Control animals (CON) are fed a basic diet, while the experimental lambs additionally receive lingonberry leaves (VVI) or oak bark (QUE) (10 g d−1), as a different source of tannins. Supplementing lambs with the VVI diet decreases fat content in the longissimus dorsi muscle (MLD). The VVI diet decreases monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentration (including C18:1 cis‐9) in the MLD, increases the proportion of C16:0, C16:1, C17:1, and C22:6 n‐3 in the semitendinosus muscle, as well as increases the n‐6/n‐3 ratio and thrombogenic index in the liver. The addition of QUE to lamb diets decreases C17:1 concentration and increases the content of C18:1 trans‐11 in the MLD. Tannins‐enriched diets increase low density lipoprotein concentrations in the blood plasma. The VVI diet increases the activity of alkaline phosphatase, while QUE supplementation decreases gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity in blood plasma. Modifications of FA composition in lamb tissues may suggest an indirect effect of tannins on FA ruminal biohydrogenation.Practical Applications: The use of VVI and QUE in lamb nutrition as natural resources is of a great interest to scientists. The present study shows that primarily VVI addition to lamb diets affects the quality of meat, due to higher proportion of catechin than QUE. Decreased concentration of fat, as well as increased proportion of C22:6 n‐3 and desirable fatty acids (including MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid, C18:0) after VVI supplementation increases health‐promoting properties of lamb meat and is related to humans. However, the presence of biologically active substances (tannins) in the examined additives makes it necessary to further research and discover their full potential in many areas.
Improving the limit of detection in portable luminescent assay readers through smart optical design
Authors: Li Yaning , Ma Xiangui , Wang Wenhe , Yan Shaojie , Liu Fangshuo , Chu Kaiqin , Xu Guobao , Smith Zachary J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCritical biomarkers of disease are increasingly being detected by point‐of‐care assays. Chemiluminescence (CL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) are often used in such assays due to their convenience and that they do not require light sources or other components that could complicate or add cost to the system. Reports of these assays often include readers built on a cellphone platform or constructed from low‐cost components. However, the impact the optical design has on the limit of detection (LOD) in these systems remains unexamined. Here, we report a theoretical rubric to evaluate different optical designs in terms of maximizing the use of photons emitted from a CL or ECL assay to improve the LOD. We demonstrate that the majority of cellphone designs reported in the literature are not optimized, in part due to misunderstandings of the optical tradeoffs in collection systems, and in part due to limitations imposed on the designs arising from the use of a mobile phone with a very small lens aperture. Based on the theoretical rubric, we design a new portable reader built using off‐the‐shelf condenser optics, and demonstrate a nearly 10× performance enhancement compared to prior reports on an ECL assays running on a portable chip.