bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new parallel difference algorithm based on improved alternating segment Crank–Nicolson scheme for time fractional reaction–diffusion equation
Authors: Yang Xiaozhong , Dang Xu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The fractional reaction–diffusion equation has profound physical and engineering background, and its rapid solution research is of important scientific significance and engineering application value. In this paper, we propose a parallel computing method of mixed difference scheme for time fractional reaction–diffusion equation and construct a class of improved alternating segment Crank–Nicolson (IASC–N) difference schemes. The class of parallel difference schemes constructed in this paper, based on the classical Crank–Nicolson (C–N) scheme and classical explicit and implicit schemes, combines with alternating segment techniques. We illustrate the unique existence, unconditional stability, and convergence of the parallel difference scheme solution theoretically. Numerical experiments verify the theoretical analysis, which shows that the IASC–N scheme has second order spatial accuracy and $2-\alpha $
2
−
α
order temporal accuracy, and the computational efficiency is greatly improved compared with the implicit scheme and C–N scheme. The IASC–N scheme has ideal computation accuracy and obvious parallel computing properties, showing that the IASC–N parallel difference method is effective for solving time fractional reaction–diffusion equation.
Evaluation of Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae) extracts and isolated trans-cinnamic acid on some mosquitoes larvae
Authors: Poonsri Waraporn , Pengsook Anchulee , Pluempanupat Wanchai , Yooboon Thitaree , Bullangpoti Vasakorn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMosquitoes are vectors for diseases damaging human health and thus, there is an urgent need for insecticidal compounds to control their population. The objective of this study was to determined the efficiency fromtrans-cinnamic acid isolated fromAlpinia galanga(Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) for control ofAedes aegypti(Dipetera: Culicidae),Anopheles dirusB (Dipetera: Culicidae) andCulex quinquefasciatus(Dipetera: Culicidae).MethodsAlpinia galanga(Zingiberales:Zingiberaceae) was extracted by soaking in a sequence of solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol), and the isolatedtrans-cinnamic was separated by preparative thin layer chromatography. All crude extracts and isolatedtrans-cinnamic were evaluated for their control and affect on detoxification enzyme activities of the third-instar larvae of each mosquito species in laboratory conditions.ResultsOur results showed that the hexane crude extract had the best control efficiency in all species, particularly inCx. quinquefasciatus. Thetrans-cinnamic acid, isolated compound from hexane crude extract showed as active ingredient against third-instar larvae of each mosquito species. Mortality in this case may result from the inhibition of carboxylesterase.ConclusionThese results indicated thatA. galangawhich hadtrans-cinnamic acid as active ingredient compound could represent a promising naturally occurring control agent for all three mosquito species. However, this research consider as an initial prospective study, the other side effect on nontarget species need to concerned before used as commercial product.
Investigation of hole-free phase plate performance in transmission electron microscopy under different operation conditions by experiments and simulations
Authors: Pretzsch Rebecca , Dries Manuel , Hettler Simon , Spiecker Martin , Obermair Martin , Gerthsen Dagmar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHole-free phase plates (HFPPs), also known as Volta phase plates, were already demonstrated to be well suited for in-focus transmission electron microscopy imaging of organic objects. However, the underlying physical processes have not been fully understood yet. To further elucidate the imaging properties of HFPPs, phase shift measurements were carried out under different experimental conditions. Both positive and negative phase shifts occur depending on the diameter of the zero-order electron beam and the HFPP film temperature. The analysis of Thon ring patterns of an amorphous carbon test sample reveals that the phase-shifting patch can be significantly larger than the size of the zero-order beam on the HFPP film. An HFPP was used for in-focus phase contrast imaging of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles under positive and negative phase-shifting conditions. The comparison of experimental and simulated images of CNT bundles gives detailed information on the phase shift profile, which depends on the spatial frequency in the vicinity of the zero-order beam. The shape of the phase shift profile also explains halo-like image artifacts that surround the imaged objects.
A rare case of bevacizumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with dental implants
Authors: Maluf Gustavo , Caldas Rogério Jardim , Fregnani Eduardo Rodrigues , da Silva Santos Paulo Sérgio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is characterized by the development of bone necrosis in the jaws of patients receiving antiresorptive and/or antiangiogenic medications. No scientific reports have been published yet on bevacizumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BeRONJ) when associated with dental implant placement and adjuvant ozone therapy.

Case presentation
A 54-year-old female patient with a history of metastatic breast cancer and bevacizumab use presented with a dental infection. Dental extraction followed immediately by dental implant placement was planned after suspension of the bevacizumab treatment. The patient presented with pain, drainage of purulent secretion, and bone exposure 5 weeks post-surgery. Complete healing was achieved at postoperative 7 months.

Conclusions
The combination of adjuvant ozone therapy and surgical debridement was effective for the treatment of MRONJ; however, the risk of MRONJ may persist after the suspension of bevacizumab for 28 days.
Blood-glucose levels in newborn piglets and the associations between blood-glucose levels, intrauterine growth restriction and pre-weaning mortality
Authors: Staarvik Trude , Framstad Tore , Heggelund Mina , Brynjulvsrud Fremgaarden Sunniva , Kielland Camilla 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between blood-glucose levels in one-day-old-piglets (ODOP), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre-weaning mortality in a commercial piglet-producing herd in Norway.Material and methodsThe study was carried out in a non-crate commercial piglet-producing herd in Norway and 426 live born piglets from 31 litters were included. Piglets were blood-sampled, ear tagged, weighed and measured within 24 h after birth. Litter size, cross fostering and deaths until weaning were recorded. Blood was collected by vein puncture ofVena subcutanea abdominisand blood-glucose levels were measured using a handheld glucometer. Piglets were given an IUGR-score (1–3) based on head-morphology where a score of 3 is defined as an intrauterine growth restricted piglet.ResultsOf the 426 live born piglets, 391 piglets survived until weaning, resulting in 8.22% pre-weaning mortality. Mean piglet weight in ODOP was 1.59 kg (SD = 0.36), and mean blood-glucose level was 5.48 mmol/l (SD = 1.44). IUGR score 3 piglets had lower blood-glucose levels (Coef. = − 1.7 mmol/l,P < .001) than normal piglets (IUGR score 1). Males had significantly higher blood glucose levels (Coef. = 0.23 mmol/l,P = .044) compared to females. There was a trend that blood-glucose levels in individual piglets were lower in large litters with − 0.07 mmol/l per extra piglet born (P = .054). Piglets with blood-glucose levels in the second quartile had reduced risk of pre-weaning mortality (OR = 0.32,P = .046) compared to piglets with blood-glucose levels in the lower quartile. This is also true for piglets in the third and fourth quartile (OR = 0.13,P = 0.004).ConclusionThis study identified IUGR to be associated with low blood-glucose levels in ODOP. It also found increased pre-weaning mortality in ODOP with low blood-glucose. By identifying IUGR piglets by the shape of their head, piglet producers may reduce pre-weaning mortality by making sure these piglets get enough colostrum, milk or supplement feeding (i.e. energy).
Study of pathogenicity and severity of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Kohkilooieh and Boyerahmad province
Authors: Karami Esmaeil , Alishahi Mojtaba , Molayemraftar Taravat , Ghorbanpour Masoud , Tabandeh Mohammad Reza , Mohammadian Takavar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Lactococcus garvieae is one of the most important risk factors in the rainbow trout culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and detect strains isolated from rainbow trout suspected of having Lactococcus garvieae using biochemical characteristics and PCR and determination of the degree of severity of isolated strains.

Methods
In this study, the cause of lactococcosis in selected rainbow trout farms in Kohkilooieh and Boyerahmad province was assayed. Gram-positive and catalase-negative bacterial isolates were first obtained from selected trout fish farms using conventional biochemical tests and PCR assay. The 10-day LD50 method (concentration causing 50% mortality in 10 days) was used to determine the severity of the isolated bacteria.

Results
One bacterial isolate was detected from all sampled fish which confirmed as Lactococcus garvieae using a specific PCR assay based on the 16S rDNA gene by producing a single band of 1107 bp. Analysis of the rate of mortality showed that the 10-day LD50 was 4.6 × 105 CFU/fish. The results of this study showed that isolated bacteria had high severity for rainbow trout. The presence of bacteria in internal organs of suspected fish showed a severe systemic infection in challenged fish. Antibiogram assay also indicated that the isolated Lactococcus garvieae were resistant to some mostly used antibiotics in rainbow trout.

Conclusions
According to current research, it can be concluded that the condition of lactococcosis in the studied area is not suitable, and despite the presence of disease, there is no proper action to control and prevent the disease. Unfortunately, isolated bacteria from the studied area have a very high severity compared to bacteria isolated from other regions of the country or other countries. Therefore, further investigation is needed to determine the cause of this difference and possibly in the design of the vaccine.
Prevalence of cerebral microbleeds and other cardiovascular risk factors in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ibrahim Abeer Abdelzaher , Ibrahim Yosra Abdelzaher , Darwish Eman A. , Khater Nivan Hany 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Cerebral microbleeds are small, round dark-signal foci in the T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. They are encountered in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive vasculopathy. Their prevalence is common in ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of CMBs and associated risk factors in the elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Results
Cerebral microbleeds were significantly associated with the presence of hypertension (in the subgroup of recurrent stroke) and with hypercholesterolemia. There was a significant association between the number of the microbleeds and severity of white matter lesions as a higher number of microbleeds related to more severe white matter lesions. The microbleeds were more prevalent in the group of patients using antithrombotics.

Conclusion
Age, hypercholesterolemia, and the use of antithrombotics emerged as the most important associated risk factors for the presence of CMBs. On MRI, there was a significant association between the number of CMBs and severity of white matter lesions as a higher number of CMBs related to more severe white matter lesions.
Evaluation of the geriatric curriculum implemented at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, since 2017: A qualitative study
Authors: Jaafari Faezeh , Delavari Somayeh , Bazrafkan Leila 
Published: October 2019

Background:Recently, there has been an increase in life expectancy due to improvements in nutrition, health, and sanitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geriatric curriculum in the field of general medicine at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Iran to improve the quality of services provided to this population in the community.Methods:This was a qualitative study­­. Six educational hospitals and ambulatory centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated in this study. Within these centers, 15 medical education faculty members and educational experts, 6 medical students, 6 elderly patients and 6 nurses working in the university related to the geriatric field were selected using purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and field observations in the teaching hospital and ambulatory setting of SUMS from June 2017 to May 2018. Based on the qualitative research, the data underwent conventional content analysis and the main themes were developed from this.Results:Three main themes were extracted from the data: effective clinical education, geriatrics curriculum challenges and promotion strategies for geriatric medicine. Subcategories that emerged were a competent curriculum teacher, a challenging program, management of resources, promotion of the program, and the revision required in the curriculum, which were related to other concepts and described in the real-world situation of the geriatric curriculum in the university, as observed in field observations.Conclusions:This study identified three concepts as main themes that can be used to explain how to implement a geriatric curriculum in a medical university. The main contributing factor to different views of the participants was identified as the revision required to the curriculum for integrative care in a geriatric patient. This should be taken into consideration while planning any programs and decisions aimed at education of medical students on this topic.
Drug Utilization Evaluation of Vancomycin among Patients in Jafar Ibn Auf Pediatric Hospital, 2018
Authors: Salih Tagwa A. M. , Yousef Bashir A. , Salih Mohamed A. M. , Eltom Khalid S. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Vancomycin is an antibiotic of growing importance in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections; with a particular emphasis on its value in the fight against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Increasing reports of Vancomycin resistance have raised concerns about the effectiveness of this drug. Drug utilization evaluation has an important role in controlling rational use of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance. Methods: We conducted a retrospective 6-months study at Jafar Ibn Auf pediatric hospital. Data including patient's demographics, diagnosis, Dosage regimen, and treatment duration were reviewed. The concordance of practice with the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) guidelines and principles of antibiotic therapy was assessed. Results: 127 medical records were reviewed in this study. Sepsis (29%) and Pneumonia (19.6%) were the most common indications. Culture test was requested in 20.5% of patients. Monitoring of serum creatinine was carried in 81.1% of patients. Based on HICPAC guidelines vancomycin was administered appropriately in 67.7% percent of cases. Considering the infusion rate, most of patients with specific order were received vancomycin in 1 hour. Conclusions: The results showed that vancomycin was used empirically without subsequent adjustment of the antimicrobial agent according to culture and sensitivity data and lack of paying enough attention to the infusion rate and serum creatinine monitoring.
Bayesian evaluation of the performance of three diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum infection in a low-transmission setting in Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Mweu Marshal M. , Wambua Juliana , Njuga Fixtan , Bejon Philip , Mwanga Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Background: Central to the successful elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, are tests with superior capability of diagnosing low-density parasitaemias. Empirical evidence on the performance of the commonly available diagnostics (light microscopy (LM), rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) is needed to better inform case management and surveillance activities within primary health care settings where elimination of falciparum malaria is targeted. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) and predictive values of LM, RDT and PCR tests for P. falciparum infection in children, while evaluating the effect of specific covariates on the accuracy of the tests. Methods: The study enrolled 1,563 children presenting with fever (axillary temperature ≥ 37.50C) to the Ngerenya dispensary, Kilifi County between March and December 2014. A Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) was fitted to the participants’ diagnostic data obtained from blood samples that were screened for the presence of P. falciparum using the three tests. Results: The PCR assay registered a higher Se (97.6% [92.0; 99.7]) than LM (84.0% [74.8; 91.0]) but similar to RDT (92.2% [84.4; 97.0]). However, the assay showed a similar Sp (98.9% [98.2; 99.4]) to both RDT (99.4% [98.9; 99.7]) and LM (99.5% [99.0; 99.8]). Regarding predictive values, the tests yielded statistically similar estimates of positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). A serial interpretation of the results of RDT and LM raised the PPVs and NPVs to >98%. Conclusions: LM and RDT afford high Se and Sp in symptomatic care-seeking children in this low P. falciparum prevalence setting. A serial combination of the tests assures high PPV and NPV estimates. These elements, coupled with the wide deployment and affordability of the tests, lend the tests useful for guiding clinical care and surveillance activities for P. falciparum within elimination settings.
A Python-based GIS Simulation of the Spatial and Temporal Variation in Evapotranspiration
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed G. , Trauth Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. An assessment of potential evapotranspiration (ET) and direct evaporation is important for informed land management from agriculture to wetlands restoration. These processes vary in space and time, depending on vegetation, soils, and climate throughout the year. Much data has been collected in order to quantify ET for individual plots of land, but means have not been available to provide an integrated view on a landscape scale. A methodology has been developed and an implementing Python script has been written to assess and display the spatial and temporal variability of ET and direct evaporation using a geographic information system (GIS). The methodology utilizes publicly available inputs for broad applicability, and the calculations can be performed for a site with multiple land covers and soil textures. In addition to a visual representation of ET and direct evaporation in space and time, the Python script produces a text file of water losses that could be used in water balance calculations also incorporating precipitation, overland flow and infiltration. The methodology has been demonstrated on a site within Pershing State Park in Linn County, Missouri, and produces results consistent with those expected from hand calculations. All data and code are available in GitHub (https://github.com/TrauthK/Wetlands). Keywords: Evapotranspiration, Evaporation, GIS simulation, Hydrologic modeling, Hydrologic cycle, Python, Raster data, Wetland restoration.
Scuole italiane all’estero: livros de leitura para as escolas italianas no Brasil (São Paulo/SP- 1911-1931)
Authors: Panizzolo Claudia 
Published: October 2019

A proposta deste texto é pensar a história da educação privilegiando a investigação acerca da política nacionalista italiana e das propostas educacionais que para cá foram trazidas. Tem como objetivo investigar os valores veiculados e prescritos para o fomento da italianidade e dos laços com a pátria-mãe nos estudantes, crianças italianas e filhas de italianos, pertencentes ao grupo de imigrantes italianos que se fixou no núcleo colonial de São Caetano- SP, para tanto toma como fonte privilegiada a edição de 1910 do livro de leitura Piccolo Mondo destinado à quarta classe para o ensino de meninos e de meninas da escola elementar criada pela Società di Mutuo Soccorso Principe di Napoli. Este trabalho se insere em uma perspectiva amplamente difundida pela Escola dos Annales que possibilitou a abertura de novas fronteiras interpretativas, a ampliação das fontes documentais e o alargamento de horizontes investigativos, dentre os quais se destaca os estudos da cultura material. Os livros de leitura ao constituírem a cultura da escola, não integram essa cultura de modo arbitrário, pelo contrário, são organizados e utilizados com intencionalidade, como portadores de uma dimensão da cultura social mais ampla.
Development of a point-of-care test to detect hepatitis B virus DNA threshold relevant for treatment indication
Authors: Pankaew Saran , Pataradilokrat Sittiporn , Kampeera Jantana , Kiatpathomchai Wansika , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Boonyasuppayakorn Siwaporn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been the most prevalent blood-borne pathogen wherein utero transmission has still not been properly managed. Recent practice guidelines suggested that an antiviral drug should be administered to third-trimester pregnancies with significant viremia (>2 × 105 IU/mL).

Objectives
To develop a novel turbidity-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) coupled with heat treatment DNA extraction method that is a rapid, cost-effective, and feasible viral load assessment and could be applied to antenatal screening.

Methods
Primers and reagents were designed, turbidity-based platform and heat treatment method were added, and evaluated for optimal efficiency. Assay sensitivity was tested from serially diluted standard HBV DNA. Assay specificity was tested with six standard viral DNAs. Clinical samples were analyzed and the results were compared with those of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) diagnostic records.

Results
The optimized condition was 60°C with no betaine, 1.4 mM deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) and 6 mM of MgSO4 for 60 min. The assay accurately detected samples with standard HBV DNA at >2 × 105 IU/mL in both distilled water and spiked serum. Results can be interpreted within 31.48 ± 1.41 min in real-time turbidimeter. The amplification is exclusively specific to HBV, but not with the other six human-specific viruses. Moreover, the assay showed comparable performance within 95% confidence interval to the previously developed HBV LAMP toward clinical specimens.

Conclusions
This newly developed method was accurate, affordable, and flexible to further implementation to large-scale third-trimester pregnancy screening.