bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salmon farming vulnerability to climate change in southern Chile: understanding the biophysical, socioeconomic and governance links
Authors: Soto Doris , León‐Muñoz Jorge , Dresdner Jorge , Luengo Carol , Tapia Fabián J. , Garreaud René 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHere, we describe an assessment of climate‐change vulnerability for the salmon farming sector in southern Chile using a model that combines semi‐quantitative measures of Exposure (risks), Sensitivity (economic and social dependence) and Adaptation Capacity (measures that prevent and mitigate impacts). The evaluation was carried out in eight pilot communes representative of salmon production (marine grow‐out). Exposure was estimated with a semi‐quantitative risk assessment tool based on oceanographic, meteorological and hydrological information, mortality‐by‐cause databases, and through extended consultation with experts and relevant stakeholders. Threats included relevant changes in water temperature and salinity, declines in dissolved oxygen, occurrence of HABs, and diseases that could be associated with climate change. Based on our analysis of the data, we divided the farming regions into four sub‐regions with distinctive oceanographic properties and superimposed the sea surface warming trend and a spatial pattern of mortality by respective cause. Reduction of precipitation and the increase of air and sea surface temperature are the most relevant foreseen climate change drivers, especially for regions X and XI. The resulting vulnerability matrix indicated that communes with higher production concentrations were more exposed, which in some cases coincided with higher sensitivity and lower adaptation capacity. Our models of four management scenarios allowed us to explore the changes in vulnerability associated with a southward movement of salmon production towards the Magallanes region. By identifying new protocols to increase adaptation and reduce vulnerability in a spatially explicit fashion, we provide policy recommendations aimed at increasing climate change adaptation and the long‐term sustainability of the sector.
Does participation in global value chains extend export duration?
Authors: Zhu Xuechang , Liu Bin , Wei Qian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between participation in global value chains (GVCs) and export duration based on a model of discrete‐time proportional hazards. The econometric analysis relies on the merged data of Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms (CASIF) database and Chinese Customs Trade Statistics (CCTS) database over the period from 2000 to 2013. Empirical results suggest that participation inGVCs could positively extend export duration and is robust to various specifications, including the samples with multiple spells, measurement error, and the alternative measure of participation inGVCs. Further studies based on heterogeneous variables demonstrate that the improvement of product quality, asset‐specific investment, and product diversity for enterprises participating inGVCs could positively extend export duration. This paper contributes to our understanding of how participation inGVCs affects export duration based on firm heterogeneity. Our results may have important implications for enterprises wishing to avoid export risks.
Supply‐limited bedform patterns and scaling downstream of a gravel–sand transition
Authors: Venditti Jeremy G. , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Allison Mead A. , Humphries Robert P. , Church Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA distinct suite of sand bedforms has been observed to occur in laboratory flows with limited sand supply. As sand supply to the bed progressively increases one observes sand ribbons, discrete barchans and, eventually, channel spanning dunes; but there are relatively few observations of this sequence from natural river channels. Furthermore, there are few observations of transitions from limited sand supply to abundant supply in the field. Bedforms developed under limited, but increasing, sand supply downstream of the abrupt gravel–sand transition in the Fraser River, British Columbia, are examined using multi‐beam swath‐bathymetry obtained at high flow. This is an ideal location to study supply‐limited bedforms because, due to a break in river slope, sand transitions from washload upstream of the gravel–sand transition to bed material load downstream. Immediately downstream, barchanoid and isolated dunes are observed. Most of the bedform field has gaps in the troughs, consistent with sand moving over a flat immobile or weakly mobile gravel bed. Linear, alongstream bedform fields (trains of transverse dunes formed on locally thick, linear deposits of sand) exhibit characteristics of sand ribbons with superimposed bedforms. Further downstream, channel spanning dunes develop where the bed is composed entirely of sand. Depth scaling of the dunes does not emerge in this data set. Only where the channel has accumulated abundant sand on the bed do the dunes exhibit scaling congruent with previous data compilations. The observations suggest that sediment supply plays an important, but often overlooked, role in bedform scaling in rivers.
Challenges in investigating patients with isolated decreased serum IgM: The SIMcal study
Authors: Janssen Lisanne M. A. , van Hout Roeland W. N. M. , de Vries Esther ,   The SIMcal Consortium
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe clinical consequences of isolated decreased serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M are not sufficiently known. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the clinical policy following such a finding. Only few reported IgM‐deficient patients fulfil the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) diagnostic criteria for selective IgM deficiency (true sIgMdef), or their diagnosis is uncertain due to insufficient laboratory data (possible sIgMdef). Decreased serum IgM is often incidentally found in asymptomatic adults. The objective of our study was to further characterize true sIgMdef and to compare the European data collected through the ESID Registry community (tertiary centres) to our previously published Dutch cohort (secondary centre). Fifteen centres (12 countries) participated with 98 patients. Patients were excluded if serum IgM was only determined once (n = 14), had normalized (n = 8), or if they also had other immunological abnormalities (n = 15). Ten patients (5 adults) completely fulfilled the ESID criteria for true sIgMdef. Age‐matched cut‐off values varied widely between centres; when using the ESID diagnostic protocol reference values, only six patients (five adults) had true sIgMdef. Because of these small numbers, further analyses were performed in patients with true or possible sIgMdef (13 adults, 48 children). Respiratory infections were commonly reported at presentation (adults 54%, children 60%). Symptomatic adults had lower serum IgM levels (mean 0.27 g/L, 95% CI 0.22‐0.31) than those without symptoms (mean 0.33 g/L, 95% CI 0.30‐0.36; P = 0.02). To be able to explore the clinical consequences of true sIgMdef, we should fully analyse and accurately describe those patients in whom a decreased serum IgM is found.
Structural Inequality and Ethnic Bloc Voting*
Authors: Stewart Brandon , McGauvran Ronald J. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveA large body of ethnic politics literature suggests that horizontal inequalities exacerbate ethnic conflict. However, the relationship between intergroup inequality and ethnic bloc voting behavior has escaped empirical analysis. We test the relationship between ethnic bloc voting and horizontal inequality by examining how relative disparity affects individuals’ probability of supporting the same political party as other co‐ethnics.MethodsThis project uses data from the Integrated World and European Values Survey to test the relationship between relative disparity and ethnic bloc support in ethnically polarized states from 1981 to 2006.ResultsOur findings indicate that the probability of supporting the same party as other co‐ethnics is influenced by within‐group as well as between‐group inequality, while being relatively unaffected by individual‐level income.ConclusionWe conclude that increasing horizontal inequality, and not individual resources, leads to higher rates of ethnically polarized voting, which may lead to greater levels of ethnic conflict.
A method for the extraction of partition lines from long and narrow patches that account for structural features
Authors: Li Chengming , Dai Zhaoxin , Yin Yong , Wu Pengda 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe extraction of partition lines for long and narrow patches (LN patches) is an important yet difficult problem in the generalization of thematic data. When current methods are used to process polygons with irregular shapes or complex branch convergence zones, the extracted line structural features tend to be inaccurate and topologically erroneous. In this article, we propose an improved partition lines extraction algorithm of constrained Delaunay triangulation to counter these issues. The proposed method aims to maintain consistency between the extracted line structure characteristics and the actual object structure, especially for complex branch convergence zones. First, we describe three types of aggregation patterns (Type A, B, and C aggregation zones) that occur in partition line extractions for LN patches of complex branch convergence zones using Delaunay triangulation. Then, a partition line extraction algorithm that accounts for the direction between the edges of triangles and the distance of nodes in aggregation zones is proposed. Finally, we test our method for a dataset relating to Guizhou Province, China. Compared with the current method that uses quantitative indicators and visualization, the results indicate that our method not only has applicability for simple situations but also is superior for preserving structural features of complex branch convergence zones.
Effect of a liberal versus a restrictive pre‐donation blood pressure policy on whole‐blood donor adverse reactions
Authors: Salvadori Ugo , Sandri Marco , Cemin Roberto , Al‐Khaffaf Ahmad , Daves Massimo , Maniscalco Francesco , Hueber Rudolf , Troi Christina , Griessmair Astrid , Ploner Franz , Egger Karl , Kuehebacher Gottfried , Gentilini Ivo , Vecchiato Cinzia 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesThe role of pre‐donation blood pressure (BP) as independent contributor to post‐donation vasovagal reactions (VVRs) is still debated. Differences between a liberal (i.e., inclusion of hypotensive donors) and a restrictive policy (i.e., not accepting hypotensive donors) should be investigated. This study aims to investigate the consequences of a liberal policy in development of VVRs after whole‐blood donations.Materials and MethodsWe compared the incidence of VVRs between 2015 (restrictive policy) and 2016 (liberal policy) and the associated risk factors. We evaluated respectively 22 789 vs. 21 676 blood donations obtained from 18 001 blood donors (12 501 donated in both years).ResultsComparing the results we obtained between 2015 and 2016, donations showed an overlap of the cohorts. Two hundred fifteen VVRs (incidence rate 0·48%) were observed, 104 (0·46%) of which in 2015, and 111 (0·51%) in 2016. A preliminary univariate analysis showed that donors with systolic BP <110 mm Hg had a two‐fold risk of VVRs compared to normotensive donors (VVR/donation rate of 0·99% vs. 0·46%; P = 0·001). The subsequent multivariable logistic regression model showed that VVRs were highly associated with weight, site of collection, age and number of donations, excluding a role for systolic and diastolic BP.ConclusionA liberal pre‐donation BP policy seems to be safe for blood donors. Our analysis confirms that older donors with higher body‐weight who already had donated blood are unlikely to experience VVRs.
Impact of lifestyle modification on absolute cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kariuki Jacob K. , Yamnia Cortes I. , Imes Christopher C. , Weiss Patricia M. , Engberg Sandra J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle-based interventions for reducing absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Introduction:
Cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines recommend tailoring the choice and intensity of preventive interventions based on absolute CVD risk score. Several studies employing lifestyle-based interventions to mitigate CVD risk have reported heterogeneous outcomes, necessitating a systematic review to provide an exhaustive summary of current evidence.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies will include individuals at high-risk of CVD who are at least 18 years of age, with no history of CVD at baseline, regardless of sex, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Studies that compare lifestyle-based intervention to no intervention or usual care will be included. The outcome of interest is change in absolute CVD risk from baseline to post-intervention. Experimental and quasi-experimental study designs will be included.

Methods:
Searches will be conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL from the inception of each database. The search for gray literature will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Grey Literature Report, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews and the Proceedings database. Selected studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers at the study level for methodological quality. Extracted data will include details about the interventions, populations, study methods and outcomes of significance to the review question and objectives. Where possible, papers will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis. Effect sizes will be expressed as either odds ratios or standardized mean differences, and their 95% confidence intervals will be calculated for analysis.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42017073543
Non-pharmacological interventions for acute pain management in patients with opioid abuse or opioid tolerance: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hargett Jennifer L. , Criswell Amanda C. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for acute pain management in patients with opioid tolerance and opioid abuse.

Introduction:
The mainstay of pain management for adults experiencing moderate to severe acute pain is opioid therapy. However, in light of the known risks of opioid use and the growing number of patients with opioid tolerance or opioid abuse, non-pharmacological interventions are of increasing interest to healthcare providers. Non-pharmacological techniques have shown potential in reducing postoperative pain, opioid consumption, stress and anxiety.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies will include participants in a hospital or healthcare facility who are experiencing acute pain and have a tolerance to or dependence on opioids. Studies that examine non-pharmacological interventions for treating acute pain in these patients will be considered. Non-pharmacological interventions may include, but are not limited to, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, massage, mindfulness, electroanalgesia, laser therapy, low-level light therapy, meditation, biofeedback, hypnosis and relaxation techniques. Only studies published in English will be included, and there will be no limit on dates of publication.

Methods:
PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Europe PubMed Central, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov will be searched, as well as sources of unpublished studies. After screening the titles and abstracts of identified citations, two independent reviewers will retrieve potentially relevant full-text studies, assess methodological quality and extract data. Data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form, and a qualitative thematic analysis will be undertaken. A narrative summary will accompany the tabulated results.
Joint Stabilization and Direction of 360° Videos
Authors: Tang Chengzhou , Wang Oliver , Liu Feng , Tan Ping 
Published: March 2019

Three-hundred-sixty-degree (360°) video provides an immersive experience for viewers, allowing them to freely explore the world by turning their head. However, creating high-quality 360° video content can be challenging, as viewers may miss important events by looking in the wrong direction, or they may see things that ruin the immersion, such as stitching artifacts and the film crew. We take advantage of the fact that not all directions are equally likely to be observed; most viewers are more likely to see content located at “true north,” i.e., in front of them, due to ergonomic constraints. We therefore propose 360° video direction, where the video is jointly optimized to orient important events to the front of the viewer and visual clutter behind them, while producing smooth camera motion. Unlike traditional video, viewers can still explore the space as desired, but with the knowledge that the most important content is likely to be in front of them. Constraints can be user guided, either added directly on the equirectangular projection or by recording “guidance” viewing directions while watching the video in a VR headset or automatically computed, such as via visual saliency or forward-motion direction. To accomplish this, we propose a new motion estimation technique specifically designed for 360° video that outperforms the commonly used five-point algorithm on wide-angle video. We additionally formulate the direction problem as an optimization where a novel parametrization of spherical warping allows us to correct for some degree of parallax effects. We compare our approach to recent methods that address stabilization-only and converting 360° video to narrow field-of-view video. Our pipeline can also enable the viewing of wide-angle non-360° footage in a spherical 360° space, giving an immersive “virtual cinema” experience for a wide range of existing content filmed with first-person cameras.
Picosecond Infrared Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry Identifies Medulloblastoma Subgroups on Intrasurgical Timescales
Authors: Woolman Michael , Kuzan-Fischer Claudia M. , Ferry Isabelle , Kiyota Taira , Luu Betty , Wu Megan , Munoz David G. , Das Sunit , Aman Ahmed , Taylor Michael D. , Rutka James T. , Ginsberg Howard J. , Zarrine-Afsar Arash 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a pediatric malignant brain tumor composed of four different subgroups (WNT, SHH, Group 3, Group 4), each of which are a unique biological entity with distinct clinico-pathological, molecular, and prognostic characteristics. Although risk stratification of patients with MB based on molecular features may offer personalized therapies, conventional subgroup identification methods take too long and are unable to deliver subgroup information intraoperatively. This limitation prevents subgroup-specific adjustment of the extent or the aggressiveness of the tumor resection by the neurosurgeon. In this study, we investigated the potential of rapid tumor characterization with Picosecond infrared laser desorption mass spectrometry (PIRL-MS) for MB subgroup classification based on small molecule signatures. One hundred and thirteen ex vivo MB tumors from a local tissue bank were subjected to 10- to 15-second PIRL-MS data collection and principal component analysis with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). The MB subgroup model was established from 72 independent tumors; the remaining 41 de-identified unknown tumors were subjected to multiple, 10-second PIRL-MS samplings and real-time PCA-LDA analysis using the above model. The resultant 124 PIRL-MS spectra from each sampling event, after the application of a 95% PCA-LDA prediction probability threshold, yielded a 98.9% correct classification rate. Post-ablation histopathologic analysis suggested that intratumoral heterogeneity or sample damage prior to PIRL-MS sampling at the site of laser ablation was able to explain failed classifications. Therefore, upon translation, 10-seconds of PIRL-MS sampling is sufficient to allow personalized, subgroup-specific treatment of MB during surgery.

Significance:
This study demonstrates that laser-extracted lipids allow immediate grading of medulloblastoma tumors into prognostically important subgroups in 10 seconds, providing medulloblastoma pathology in an actionable manner during surgery.
The Caspase-3/PKCδ/Akt/VEGF-A Signaling Pathway Mediates Tumor Repopulation during Radiotherapy
Authors: Cheng Jin , He Sijia , Wang Min , Zhou Ling , Zhang Zhengxiang , Feng Xiao , Yu Yang , Ma Jingjing , Dai Chenyun , Zhang Shengping , Sun Lianhui , Gong Yanping , Wang Yiwei , Zhao Minghui , Luo Yuntao , Liu Xinjian , Tian Ling , Li Chuanyuan , Huang Qian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Tumor repopulation is known as a major cause of treatment failure and/or tumor recurrence after radiotherapy. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that irradiated apoptotic cells mediated tumor repopulation, in which caspase-3 played an important role. Herein, we investigated downstream effectors of caspase-3 involved in this process.

Experimental Design:
A dominant-negative protein kinase Cδ (DN_PKCδ) mutant that could not be cleaved by caspase-3 and therefore could not be activated by irradiation-induced apoptosis was constructed. DN_PKCδ stably transduced tumor cells were compared with wild-type tumor cells for their growth stimulation effects in in vitro and in vivo tumor repopulation models. Downstream effectors of caspase-3 and PKCδ were investigated. The role of PKCδ was further verified in human colorectal tumor specimens.

Results:
Inactivation of caspase-3 or caspase-7 attenuated tumor repopulation and weakened PKCδ cleavage. Both DN_PKCδ and PKCδ inhibitors restrained tumor repopulation both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylated Akt was attenuated in caspase-3–, caspase-7–, or PKCδ-inactivated tumor cells. Furthermore, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A but not hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) was decreased in PKCδ- or Akt-inactivated tumor cells. In addition, inhibition of p-Akt, HIF1α, VEGF-A, or VEGF-A receptor reduced tumor repopulation significantly. Finally, increased nuclear translocation of PKCδ in colorectal tumor specimens was associated with worse patient prognosis.

Conclusions:
The caspase-3/PKCδ/Akt/VEGF-A axis is involved in tumor repopulation and could be exploited as a potential target to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy.