bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Ni Catalyst Supported on SiO2-ZrO2 Binary Oxide for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol
Authors: Sowe Momodou Salieu , Masruri  , Ulfa Siti Mariyah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Hydrodeoxygenation is a one-step reaction that involve the hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon followed with the deoxygenation of the carbon-oxygen bond. This reaction is effective for converting biomass-derived chemicals from bio-oils, fats, woods, and lignocellulosic materials into biofuels using metal-based oxide catalysts. A Ni based-metal oxide catalyst is reported for hydrodeoxygenation reaction of phenol. The catalyst was prepared by a wet-impregnation method using Ni(NO3)2.6H2O dissolved in deionized water and mixed with the previously prepared SiO2-ZrO2 binary oxide as support. After calcination and reduction at 500 °C, Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalyst was obtained. The XRD results showed 2θ peaks for metallic Ni at 30°, 44° and 76°. Additional peaks were detected at 2θ = 35°, 50°, 51°, and 60° for ZrO2 tetragonal phase. However, peaks were not detected for SiO2 suggesting amorphous SiO2-ZrO2 composite formation. The XRF analysis of Ni loading was detected at 16.45%. The catalyst activity test for hydrodeoxygenation of phenol was performed using a batch reactor at 200 °C for 2 h and 8 h. The GC-MS analysis gave product conversion for 2 h at 16.84% with the selectivity formation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone at 48.10% and 45.78% yield, respectively. After a prolonged reaction time of 8 h, 100% selectivity for cyclohexanol was achieved. Product distribution showed that the catalyst is active for hydrogenation of benzene better than -OH or C=O deoxygenation. The results suggest Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 could be a potential catalyst for biofuel production via hydrogenation reaction.
Colour optimization of phosphor-converted flexible nitride nanowire white light emitting diodes
Authors: Guan Nan , Amador-Mendez Nuño , Wang Junkang , Das Subrata , Kapoor Akanksha , Julien François H , Gogneau Noëlle , Foldyna Martin , Som Sudipta , Eymery Joël , Durand Christophe , Tchernycheva Maria 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate flexible nanowire white light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) with an optimized colour quality. The devices consist of flexible InGaN/GaN nanowire LEDs acting as pumps, capped with removable phosphor-doped polydimethylsiloxane membranes. Five different phosphors with tens of microns in grain size emitting from green to orange are investigated using both violet-blue and a blue-green nanowire-based LED pumps. In addition, a flexible nanowire white LED with a warm white emission is demonstrated using two layers of different phosphors. Compared to the previous realizations of flexible nanowire white LEDs, these novel LEDs improve the colour rendering index from 54 to 86 and show a colour tuneable from a bluish cool white colour to natural white and finally to warm white. The flexibility tests show that the LEDs can be bent down to 1.5 cm curvature radius without significant degradation. Therefore, the replacement of the nano-phosphors used in the previous realization by relatively inexpensive micro-phosphors does not degrade the good mechanical flexibility of the white nanowire LEDs.
Renormalization towers and their forcing
Authors: Blokh Alexander , Misiurewicz Michał 
Published: June 2019

A cyclic permutation

π
:
{
1
,
…
,
N
}
→
{
1
,
…
,
N
}

\pi :\{1, \dots , N\}\to \{1, \dots , N\}

has a block structure if there is a partition of

{
1
,
…
,
N
}

\{1, \dots , N\}

into

k
∉
{
1
,
N
}

k\notin \{1,N\}

segments of consecutive integers (blocks) of the same length, permuted by

π
\pi

; call

k
k

the period of this block structure. Let

p
1

>
⋯
>

p
s

p_1>\dots >p_s

be periods of all possible block structures on

π
\pi

. Call the finite string

(

p
1

/

1
,

(p_1/1,

p
2

/

p
1

,

p_2/p_1,

…
,

\dots ,

p
s

/

p

s
−
1

,
N

/

p
s

)

p_s/p_{s-1}, N/p_s)

the renormalization tower of

π
\pi

. The same terminology can be used for patterns, i.e., for families of cycles of interval maps inducing the same, up to the flip of the entire orbit, cyclic permutation (thus, there are two permutations, one of whom is a flip of the other one, that define a pattern). A renormalization tower

M

\mathcal M

forces a renormalization tower

N

\mathcal N

if every continuous interval map with a cycle of pattern with renormalization tower

M

\mathcal M

must have a cycle of pattern with renormalization tower

N

\mathcal N

. We completely characterize the forcing relation among renormalization towers. Take the following order among natural numbers:

4
≫
6
≫
3
≫
8
≫
10
≫
5
≫
⋯
≫
4
n
≫
4
n
+
2
≫
2
n
+
1
≫
⋯
≫
2
≫
1

4\gg 6\gg 3\gg 8\gg 10\gg 5\gg \dots \gg 4n\gg 4n+2\gg 2n+1\gg \dots \gg 2\gg 1

understood in the strict sense (we write consecutive even numbers, starting with 4, then insert

m
m

after each number of the form

2
(
2
s
+
1
)

2(2s+1)

, and finally append the order with 2 and 1). We show that the forcing relation among renormalization towers is given by the lexicographic extension of this order. Moreover, for any tail

T
T

of this order there exists an interval map for which the set of renormalization towers of its cycles equals

T
T

.
An Efficient Strategy Based on Liquid–Liquid Extraction With Acid Condition and HSCCC for Rapid Enrichment and Preparative Separation of Three Caffeoylquinic Acid Isomers From Mulberry Leaves
Authors: Wang Li-Tao , Gao Ming-Zhu , Yang Qing , Cui Qi , Jian Yue , Fan Xiao-Hong , Yao Li-Ping , Fu Yu-Jie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Morus alba L. is a medicinal plant that contains a high amount of caffeoylquinic acids such as 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and 4-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA). This study aimed to establish a fast and efficient method for separating caffeoylquinic acids from mulberry leaves by using high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with macroporous resin. D101 resin showed better adsorption and desorption capacity for three caffeoylquinic acids among six macroporous resin adsorbents. The contents of 3-CQA, 5-CQA and 4-CQA reached for 4.77%, 18.95% and 9.84% through one cycle of D101 resin, which were 3.13-fold, 4.57-fold and 4.78-fold more than those in crude extracts, respectively. With a two-phase solvent system of ethyl acetate-water (1:1, V/V), >93% purity of target compounds were obtained in one cycle during 150 min with the recovery yields of 80.59%, 99.56% and 94.21% for 3-CQA, 5-CQA and 4-CQA, respectively. The structural identification of target compounds was carried out by ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The present result represented an easy and efficient separation strategy for the utilization of mulberry resource.
Adaptive Replica Creation and Selection Strategies for Latency-Aware Application in Collaborative Edge-Cloud System
Authors: Li Chunlin , Zhang YiHan , Luo Youlong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There are many research problems in cloud replica management such as low data reliability, unbalanced node load and large resource consumption. The strategy and status of replica creation, replica placement and replica selection are analyzed. The replica creation based on access tendency (DRC-AT), the replica placement based on user request response time and storage capacity (DRP-RS) and the replica selection based on response time (DRS-RT) are proposed. The DRC-AT algorithm introduces the two parameters of file popularity and period value of file popularity, calculates the file access tendency periodically and decides the creation and deletion of the replica of the file according to the size of the file access tendency. The DRP-RS algorithm evaluates the user’s request response time and storage capacity to select the best node set to place the replica. The DRS-RT algorithm returns to the user the node with the strongest service capability that contains the user’s requested data. Experiments show that the algorithm can improve the speed of data reading by the client, improve the resource utilization, balance the load of the node and improve the overall performance of the system.
Patterns of Oviposition and Feeding in the Monophagous Fly Anastrepha spatulata (Diptera: Tephritidae) on its Larval Host Plant Schoepfia schreberi
Authors: López-Ortega Maurilio , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Pérez-Staples Diana , Díaz-Fleischer Francisco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMonophagous insects that use discrete resources for oviposition and feeding are especially sensitive to variations in host quality and availability because their opportunities to find these resources are scarce. The monophagous tephritid fly Anastrepha spatulata Stone is a tephritid fly that uses as hosts the fruits of the non-economically important Schoepfia schreberi J. F. Gmel. Scant information of host utilization behavior in the field is available for this species. Wild individually marked flies were observed during the fruiting season. Observations of oviposition, feeding and resting on three trees were taken hourly from 0900 to 1800 hours on days with benign weather. Our results suggest that females can use fruits for oviposition or for feeding according to a temporal scale. Females were significantly more likely to feed on smaller hosts and oviposit in larger ones. Additionally, individual variation in host patch exploitation was detected. However, females that fed on a natural food source such as host fruit juice oviposited fewer eggs than females provided an artificial diet of sucrose and hydrolyzed yeast. Results indicate that females use different foraging tactics during the fruiting season and confirm that, in this case, the host plant is not the center of activity.
Transient ischaemic dilation and post-stress wall motion abnormality increase risk in patients with less than moderate ischaemia: analysis of the REFINE SPECT registry
Authors: Miller Robert J H , Hu Lien-Hsin , Gransar Heidi , Betancur Julian , Eisenberg Evann , Otaki Yuka , Sharir Tali , Fish Mathews B , Ruddy Terrence D , Dorbala Sharmila , Carli Marcelo Di , Einstein Andrew J , Kaufmann Philipp A , Sinusas Albert J , Miller Edward J , Bateman Timothy , Germano Guido , Tamarappoo Balaji K , Dey Damini , Berman Daniel S , Slomka Piotr J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Ischaemia on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk. Transient ischaemic dilation (TID) and post-stress wall motion abnormalities (WMA) are non-perfusion markers of ischaemia with incremental prognostic utility. Using a large, multicentre SPECT MPI registry, we assessed the degree to which these features increased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with less than moderate ischaemia.

Methods and results
Ischaemia was quantified with total perfusion deficit using semiautomated software and classified as: none (&lt;1%), minimal (1 to &lt;5%), mild (5 to &lt;10%), moderate (10 to &lt;15%), and severe (≥15%). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess associations between high-risk imaging features and MACE. We included 16 578 patients, mean age 64.2 and median follow-up 4.7 years. During follow-up, 1842 patients experienced at least one event. Patients with mild ischaemia and TID were more likely to experience MACE compared with patients without TID [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, P = 0.023], with outcomes not significantly different from patients with moderate ischaemia without other high-risk features (unadjusted HR 1.15, P = 0.556). There were similar findings in patients with post-stress WMA. However, in multivariable analysis of patients with mild ischaemia, TID (adjusted HR 1.50, P = 0.037), but not WMA, was independently associated with increased MACE.

Conclusion
In patients with mild ischaemia, TID or post-stress WMA identify groups of patients with outcomes similar to patients with moderate ischaemia. Whether these combinations identify patients who may derive benefit from revascularization deserves further investigation.
Marital Status and Dementia: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Zhenmei , Choi Seung-won , Langa Kenneth M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We provide one of the first population-based studies of variation in dementia by marital status in the United States.

Method
We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2014). The sample included 15,379 respondents (6,650 men and 8,729 women) aged 52 years and older in 2000 who showed no evidence of dementia at the baseline survey. Dementia was assessed using either the modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) or the proxy’s assessment. Discrete-time hazard regression models were estimated to predict odds of dementia.

Results
All unmarried groups, including the cohabiting, divorced/separated, widowed, and never married, had significantly higher odds of developing dementia over the study period than their married counterparts; economic resources and, to a lesser degree, health-related factors accounted for only part of the marital status variation in dementia. For divorced/separated and widowed respondents, the differences in the odds of dementia relative to married respondents were greater among men than among women.

Discussion
These findings will be helpful for health policy makers and practitioners who seek to better identify vulnerable subpopulations and to design effective intervention strategies to reduce dementia risk.
Tomato Plant Flavonoids Increase Whitefly Resistance and Reduce Spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
Authors: Yao Qixi , Peng Zhengke , Tong Hong , Yang Fengbo , Xing Gaoshan , Wang Linjiang , Zheng Jiangjie , Zhang Youjun , Su Qi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a begomovirus (genus Begomovirus) is the causal agent of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD), which causes severe damage to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. TYLCV is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a circulative and persistent manner. Our previous studies showed that tomato flavonoids deter B. tabaci oviposition, but the effects of tomato flavonoids on the settling and feeding behavior of B. tabaci and on its transmission of TYLCV are unknown. Using two near-isogenic tomato lines that differ greatly in flavonoid levels, we found that high flavonoid production in tomato deterred the landing and settling of B. tabaci. Moreover, electrical penetration graph studies indicated that high flavonoid levels in tomato reduced B. tabaci probing and phloem-feeding efficiency. As a consequence, high flavonoid levels in tomato reduced the primary and secondary spread of TYLCV. The results indicate that tomato flavonoids provide antixenosis resistance against B. tabaci and that the breeding of such resistance in new varieties could enhance TYLCD management.
The Impact of Varying Financial Incentives on Data Quality in Web Panel Surveys
Authors: Spreen Thomas Luke , House Lisa A , Gao Zhifeng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study assesses whether varying contingent financial incentives in a web panel survey altered respondent behavior. A sample of US web panel participants were randomly assigned to cash incentive levels ranging from $0.50 to $3.00 awarded upon completion of an online survey gauging preferences for fresh strawberries. The analytical results indicate that increased contingent incentives had no clear association with the eligibility or break-off rates. Increased incentives reduced the incidence of trap question failure among a subset of qualified respondents. Responses of respondents flagged as unqualified to complete the survey, or qualified but inattentive, consistently differed from other qualified respondents on many survey items over a range of incentive levels. Overall, the results suggest increased contingent incentives yield limited improvements in the behavior of web panel respondents.
E. Lucy Braun
Authors: Gilliam Frank S. 
Published: June 2019

Emma Lucy Braun (b. 1889–d. 1971) was one of the more influential plant ecologists of the 20th century. She is known primarily for her seminal book, Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America, first published in 1950 with later facsimile reprintings. Although this book tends to overshadow her other accomplishments, those contributions to the fields of plant ecology and taxonomy are quite notable and considerable in themselves; she was a pioneer in conservation biology, she published numerous papers in prominent ecological journals (including Ecology, Ecological Monographs, and Botanical Review), and she was a distinguished plant taxonomist (author of The Woody Plants of Ohio). She actively contributed to and was a member of several notable scientific and ecological societies, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Ecological Society of America, the Botanical Society of America, the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, and the British Ecological Society. The broad biogeographic range of her interests contrasts with the provinciality of her academic pedigree; she was educated, and then a long-standing faculty member, at the University of Cincinnati, her city of birth. Beginning with the degrees of B.A. (1910?), M.A. (1912), and Ph.D. (1914). She was appointed assistant and instructor of botany in 1914 and rose through the ranks to full professor of botany. She retired as professor emerita in 1948, although her retirement years were remarkably productive with the publication of three books and several noteworthy papers. In 1950, she became the first woman president of the Ecological Society of America and the only woman to hold that office until 1986. With graduate research experience in both geology (M.A.) and botany (Ph.D.), she was one of the earlier in the field to not only embrace the multidisciplinary nature of ecology, but also use it to advance the field. In addition to her earned degrees, she was awarded an honorary D.Sc. from the University of Cincinnati in 1964.
Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Vascular Disease
Authors: Mayne Elizabeth S , Louw Susan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease, venous thrombosis, and microvascular disease in people with HIV (PWH) is predicted to increase in an aging HIV-infected population. Endothelial damage and dysfunction is a risk factor for cardiovascular events in PWH and is characterized by impaired vascular relaxation and decreased nitric oxide availability. Vascular disease has been attributed to direct viral effects, opportunistic infections, chronic inflammation, effects of antiretroviral therapy, and underlying comorbid conditions, like hypertension and use of tobacco. Although biomarkers have been examined to predict and prognosticate thrombotic and cardiovascular disease in this population, more comprehensive validation of risk factors is necessary to ensure patients are managed appropriately. This review examines the pathogenesis of vascular disease in PWH and summarizes the biomarkers used to predict vascular disease in this population.
The Rise of Covenant-lite Lending and Implications for the UK’s Corporate Insolvency Law Toolbox
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article is, so far as the author is aware, the first to examine in detail the implications of the explosion of covenant-lite loans for English corporate insolvency law. Covenant-lite loans lack certain early warning mechanisms that have traditionally been found in loans to heavily indebted borrowers. Concerns about the implications of covenant-lite loans have been raised in the broadcast and print media, and by economists and central banks in England and the United States. This is an issue that matters to us all. This article argues that covenant-lite lending means that lenders and borrowers may start restructuring negotiations when the scale of the distress is acute, implicating operational and financial liabilities. It provides a detailed analysis of the additional corporate insolvency law tools which may be needed as a result, and explains why this analysis is relevant for the detailed working out of current corporate insolvency law reform proposals.
The Path to Pistoia: Urban Hygiene Before the Black Death*
Authors: Geltner G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When the Black Death struck Western Europe in late 1347, city dwellers across the region were already practising public health, in part by building, maintaining and monitoring infrastructures whose prophylactic value emerged from the experience of intensified urbanization. The demands of a new urban metabolism, evident from the twelfth century, prompted numerous cities, including Pistoia, to develop preventative health programmes in anticipation of and in response to diverse threats. The latter certainly included famine, floods, pestilence and war, but Pistoians and others were no less concerned by routine matters such as burials, food quality, travel and work safety, artisanal pollution and domestic waste disposal. All of these were recognized as impacting people’s health, based on the medical and natural-philosophical theories prevalent at the time, and their management took into consideration not only climactic conditions and multi-species behaviour, but also the smooth functioning of sites such as wells, canals, bridges and roads. The political value that municipalities and other stakeholders began to place on the upkeep of these sites exceeded their economic function and thus questions the seminal role that scholars tend to attribute to the second plague pandemic in public health history. It also demonstrates how a key aspect of Euro-American modernity continues to shape interpretations of urban and health histories and suggests a broader path for historicizing community prophylactics.
Persons with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Renegotiate Social Roles and Intimacy: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Packham Tara L , Wainio Kaitlyn , Wong Ming-Kin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
Persons with complex regional pain syndrome often experience allodynia, where touch is painful. Allodynia is associated with poor prognosis, but the impacts on roles, activities, social relationships, and intimacy remain unclear. There is a need to examine intimacy in complex regional pain syndrome from a lived experience perspective.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of cognitive debriefing interview data from 44 persons with complex regional pain syndrome who completed a patient-reported questionnaire. Using interpretive description and thematic analysis, we analyzed items and responses addressing allodynia, relationships, and intimacy.

Results
Two themes were developed to understand intimacy related to the pain experience: a renegotiated social identity and participation and a reinvented intimate self. These themes included elements of a) loss of control, b) loss of shared experiences, c) feeling that their condition was misunderstood, d) a need for self-preservation, e) altered self-concept, and e) the concept of intimacy is broader than sexuality. Our findings suggest that complex regional pain syndrome has pervasive impacts on relationships and intimacy that merit discussion with their health care team.

Conclusions
Persons with persistent pain need to be supported in roles and activities that allow them to express intimacy in their everyday lives.