bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cascade Mi (i = 1–5) subshell X‐ray emission at incident photon energies across the Lj (j = 1–3) subshell absorption edges of 66Dy
Authors: Kaur Rajnish , Kumar Anil , Czyzycki Mateusz , Migliori Alessandro , Karydas Andreas G. , Puri Sanjiv 
Published: April 2018

The total M shell and the Mk (k = ξ, αβ, γ, m) X‐ray production cross sections for 66Dy have been measured at incident photon energies across its Lj (j = 1–3) subshell absorption edge energies, ranging 7.8–9.2 keV. This study aims to investigate the evolution of the probability for cascade decay of Lj subshell vacancies as the tunable incident energy ionizes progressively different 66Dy Lj subshells. The experimental X‐ray production cross sections have been compared with theoretical ones calculated using the nonrelativistic Hartree–Fock–Slater (HFS) model‐based photoionization cross sections; three sets of the X‐ray emission rates, fluorescence and Coster–Kronig yield based on the nonrelativistic Hartree–Slater (NRHS) model, Dirac–Hartree–Slater (DHS) model and Dirac–Fock (DF) model; the Lj (j = 1–3) subshell to the Mi (i = 1–5) subshell vacancy transfer probabilities evaluated in the present work. Presently measured total M shell and the Mαβ X‐ray production cross sections are found to be significantly lower than the theoretical ones evaluated using physical parameters based on the relativistic Dirac–Fock/Dirac–Hartree–Slater model calculations, whereas a much better agreement is observed with respect to the NRHS model‐based calculations; however, the measured X‐ray production cross sections are still systematically lower than the NRHS values.
Predictors of outcome in patients with hematologic malignancies admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Nassar , Shehada Emad , Alshabani Khaled , ZazaDitYafawi Jihane , Kingah Pascal , Soubani Ayman O. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
Several studies showed conflicting results about prognosis and predictors of outcome of critically ill patients with hematological malignancies (HM). The aim of this study is to determine the hospital outcome of critically ill patients with HM and the factors predicting the outcome.

Methods and materials:
All patients with HM admitted to MICU at a tertiary academic medical center were enrolled. Clinical data upon admission and during ICU stay were collected. Hospital, ICU, and 6 months outcomes were documented.

Results:
There were 130 HM patients during the study period. Acute Leukemia was the most common malignancy (31.5%) followed by Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (28.5%). About 12.5% patients had autologous HSCT and 51.5% had allogeneic HSCT. Sepsis was the most common ICU diagnosis (25.9%). ICU mortality and hospital mortality were 24.8% and 45.3%, respectively. Six months mortality (available on 80% of patients) was 56.7%. Hospital mortality was higher among mechanically ventilated patients (75%). Using multivariate analysis, only mechanical ventilation (OR of 19.0, CI: 3.1–117.4, P: 0.001) and allogeneic HSCT (OR of 10.9, CI: 1.8–66.9, P: 0.01) predicted hospital mortality.

Conclusion:
Overall hospital outcome of critically ill patients with HM is improving. However those who require mechanical ventilation or underwent allogeneic HSCT continue to have poor outcome.
The relation between protein Z polymorphism and the risk of thrombosis in Egyptian patients with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Eissa Yomna K. , Ellithy Hend N. , Yousry Sherif M. , Ismail Zakaria 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The genetic background plays an important role in thrombosis and pregnancy morbidities. Low levels of protein Z is associated with increased risk of thrombosis. The G79A polymorphism in the protein Z gene may be a genetic risk factor for thrombosis.

Aim of the study:
To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of the protein Z-79 G/A gene polymorphism in Egyptian patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Methods:
We genotyped 60 APS patients and 41 controls, for protein Z-79 G/A gene polymorphism using the PCR-restriction fragment length. The polymorphism was then analyzed in relation to thrombosis and pregnancy morbidities in APS patients.

Results:
We observed a higher prevalence of the A allele in the controls when compared to the APS patients (P Value = <0.001). In our studied sample, the G79A polymorphism, as well as its minor A allele, were not associated with an increased risk of thrombosis or pregnancy morbidities in APS.

Conclusion:
Protein Z-79 G/A gene polymorphism may be of a protective value against thrombosis in APS. The G79A polymorphism of protein Z was not found to be an independent risk factor of thrombosis in APS.
Seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on a floating ice tongue, Petermann Glacier, Greenland
Authors: Macdonald Grant J. , Banwell Alison F. , MacAyeal Douglas R. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTSupraglacial lakes are known to trigger Antarctic ice-shelf instability and break-up. However, to date, no study has focused on lakes on Greenland's floating termini. Here, we apply lake boundary/area and depth algorithms to Landsat 8 imagery to analyse the inter- and intraseasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes across Petermann Glacier's (81°N) floating tongue from 2014 to 2016, while also comparing these lakes to those on the grounded ice. Lakes start to fill in June and quickly peak in total number, volume and area in late June/early July in response to increases in air temperatures. However, through July and August, total lake number, volume and area all decline, despite sustained high temperatures. These observations may be explained by the transportation of meltwater into the ocean by a river, and by lake drainage events on the floating tongue. Further, as mean lake depth remains relatively constant during this time, we suggest that a large proportion of the lakes that drain, do so completely, likely by rapid hydrofracture. The mean areas of lakes on the tongue are only ~20% of those on the grounded ice and exhibit lower variability in maximum and mean depth, differences likely attributable to the contrasting formation processes of lakes in each environment.
The Residential Status of Working Age Adults Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Braaf Sandra , Beck Ben , Callaway Libby , Ponsford Jennie , Gabbe Belinda J. 
Published: April 2018

Objective: To describe place of residence and examine factors associated with place of residence following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in working age adults.Setting, participants, design: Retrospective cohort study (1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013) of adults (16–64 years) with severe TBI who survived to hospital discharge in Victoria, Australia.Main measures: Place of residence (dichotomised as ‘private residence’ and ‘other destination’) at 6, 12 and 24 months post injury. A modified Poisson model was fitted with a random effect for the participant.Results: There were 684 cases that were followed-up at one or more time points. At 24 months post injury, 87% (n = 537) adults with TBI were living at a private residence, of whom 66% did not require additional support. Cases were more likely to be living at a private residence at 24 months post injury compared to 6 months (adjusted relative risk = 1.08, 95% Confidence Interval, 1.04–1.11, p < .001). At 24 months post injury, 5% (n = 29) remained in rehabilitation and 4% (n = 23) lived in a nursing home.Conclusion: While the majority of cases were living at a private residence at 2 years post injury, 13% were residing in rehabilitation, a nursing home or other supported living. Longer follow-up is needed to understand if a transition to a private residence is possible for these groups.
Cabinet Leadership: Does It Mirror Democratic Change in Mexico?
Authors: Camp Roderic Ai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn exploration of cabinet leadership in Mexico has always provided insights into political recruitment trends for leading policymakers. An examination of the present cabinet from 2012 through 2016 is valuable for four reasons. First, to what extent does the current leadership reflect changes in compositional patterns of the most influential policymakers as a result of a democratic electoral process dating from 2000? Second, does the return of the PRI reflect traditional patterns established by the last two PRI presidential administrations, or has the present cabinet taken on features that can be attributed to the two previous PAN administrations? Third, have significant patterns emerged, reflected in recent appointments, that suggest influential characteristics exercising broader influences in the future? Fourth, will the most influential cabinet figures under the PRI presidency reestablish their dominance as leading contenders for their party’s presidential election in 2018?
From Friendship to Family:Jiangyiqiand Strong Interpersonal Relationship Development in Chinese Organizations
Authors: Liang Xin , Wu Sibin , Zhang Shujuan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTMoral obligation, reciprocity, and affection contribute to the development of strong interpersonal relationships. An indigenous notion in Chinese culture,jiangyiqi, captures these three component principles of strong relationship development in one concept.Jiangyiqihas been held anecdotally as a common code of conduct for building strong, trustworthy relationships in China. We explore the possible integration of these three components of interpersonal relationships in Chinese society in our introduction of the construct ofjiangyiqi, based upon Confucian ethics and the circles of relationships delineated in past literature on Chinese societies. Drawing from social exchange theory as well as the perspective of reciprocal altruism in evolutionary biology, we propose thatjiangyiqimakes an individual a good candidate for developing strong non-kin relationships. We discuss the managerial implications ofjiangyiqifor relationship building in a Chinese cultural context.
Maximal Subgroups and Irreducible Representations of Generalized Multi-Edge Spinal Groups
Authors: Klopsch Benjamin , Thillaisundaram Anitha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLet p ≥ 3 be a prime. A generalized multi-edge spinal group
$$G = \langle \{ a\} \cup \{ b_i^{(j)} {\rm \mid }1 \le j \le p,\, 1 \le i \le r_j\} \rangle \le {\rm Aut}(T)$$
is a subgroup of the automorphism group of a regular p-adic rooted tree T that is generated by one rooted automorphism a and p families $b^{(j)}_{1}, \ldots, b^{(j)}_{r_{j}}$ of directed automorphisms, each family sharing a common directed path disjoint from the paths of the other families. This notion generalizes the concepts of multi-edge spinal groups, including the widely studied GGS groups (named after Grigorchuk, Gupta and Sidki), and extended Gupta–Sidki groups that were introduced by Pervova [‘Profinite completions of some groups acting on trees, J. Algebra310 (2007), 858–879’]. Extending techniques that were developed in these more special cases, we prove: generalized multi-edge spinal groups that are torsion have no maximal subgroups of infinite index. Furthermore, we use tree enveloping algebras, which were introduced by Sidki [‘A primitive ring associated to a Burnside 3-group, J. London Math. Soc.55 (1997), 55–64’] and Bartholdi [‘Branch rings, thinned rings, tree enveloping rings, Israel J. Math.154 (2006), 93–139’], to show that certain generalized multi-edge spinal groups admit faithful infinite-dimensional irreducible representations over the prime field ℤ/pℤ.
Characterization of PolishSteinernema silvaticumisolates (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) using morphological and molecular data
Authors: Lis M. , Sajnaga E. , Kreft A. , Skrzypek T. , Kazimierczak W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFour strains of entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated with a live trap method in southern Poland. The isolates were identified asSteinernema silvaticumbased on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. Infective juveniles of PolishS. silvaticumisolates differ in body length fromS. weiseri(951 vs 740 μm, respectively), and in the hyaline tail portion fromS. kraussei(48 vs 38%, respectively). First-generation males ofS. silvaticumare longer than those ofS. kraussei,S. weiseriandS. ichnusae(1829 vs 1400, 1180 and 1341 μm, respectively). Males ofS. silvaticumand a sister speciesS. krausseican be distinguished by the distance from the anterior end to the nerve ring (142 vs 105 μm), spicule (66 vs 49 μm) and gubernaculum length (45 vs 33 μm), and the presence of a mucron. The analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), D2-D3 andcox1sequences of the tested nematodes revealed differences of 3–5%, 3% and 12–13%, respectively, fromS. krausseistrains. The phylogeny of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicated close relationships of the PolishS. silvaticumisolates withS. kraussei,S. oregonenseandS. cholashanense. The reproductive isolation of the studied isolates was confirmed by hybridization tests with other Europeanfeltiae–krausseigroup representatives. This study has supplemented the original description ofS. silvaticumwith morphological and morphometric characterization of the first-generation males and females. This is also the first molecular study of this species based on a multi-gene approach.
Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the elusive, but epidemiologically importantEchinococcus granulosussensu stricto genotype G3
Authors: Kinkar Liina , Laurimäe Teivi , Balkaya Ibrahim , Casulli Adriano , Zait Houria , Irshadullah Malik , Sharbatkhori Mitra , Mirhendi Hossein , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Ponce-Gordo Francisco , Rehbein Steffen , Kia Eshrat Beigom , Simsek Sami , Šnábel Viliam , Umhang Gérald , Varcasia Antonio , Saarma Urmas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe parasitic disease caused by the species complexEchinococcus granulosussensu lato. Human infections are most commonly associated withE. granulosussensu stricto (s.s.), comprising genotypes G1 and G3. The objective of the current study was to provide first insight into the genetic diversity and phylogeography of genotype G3. Despite the epidemiological importance of the genotype, it has remained poorly explored due to the ambiguity in the definition of the genotype. However, it was recently demonstrated that long sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provide a reliable method to discriminate G1 and G3 from each other. Therefore, we sequenced near-complete mtDNA of 39 G3 samples, covering most of the known distribution range and host spectra of the genotype. The phylogenetic network revealed high genetic variation withinE. granulosus s.s.G3 and while G3 is significantly less prevalent worldwide than G1, the genetic diversity of both of the genotypes is equally high. We also present the results of the Bayesian phylogeographic analysis, which yielded several well-supported diffusion routes of genotype G3 originating from Turkey and Iran, suggesting the Middle East as the origin of the genotype.
Comparison of parasite loads in serum and blood samples from patients in acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease
Authors: Hernández Carolina , Teherán Aníbal , Flórez Carolina , Ramírez Juan David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMolecular methods have been developed for the detection and quantification ofTrypanosoma cruziDNA in blood samples from patients with Chagas disease. However, aspects of sample processing necessary for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), such as the addition of guanidine hydrochloride to whole blood samples, may limit timely access to molecular diagnosis. We analysed 169 samples from serum and guanidine-EDTA blood (GEB) obtained from patients in acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease. We applied qPCR targeted to the satellite DNA region. Finally, we compared the parasite loads and cycle of threshold values of the qPCR. The results confirmed the usefulness of serum samples for the detection and quantification of parasite DNA in patients with Chagas disease, especially in the acute phase. However, the parasite loads detected in serum samples from patients in the chronic phase were lower than those detected in GEB samples. The epidemiological implications of the findings are herein discussed.
The Trinity is unconstitutional
Authors: LEFTOW BRIAN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSome marble, appropriately worked, comes to constitute a statue: constitution is the relation between the resulting statue and the marble it is made of. Some recent authors use the concept of constitution to explicate or at least provide an analogy for the doctrine of the Trinity. I argue that this won't do, because there is no viable candidate for the role the marble plays in the statue's case.
The Disadvantage of Membership: How Joining the GATT/WTO Undermines GSP
Authors: TOBIN JENNIFER L. , BUSCH MARC L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractScholars and policymakers have long debated whether the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) enhances development through increased trade – i.e., whether the program is effective as a form of ‘trade-as-aid’. We argue that, by itself, GSP increases poor-country exports, but that when recipients join the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) or its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO), they realizefewerimports, and less gains in total trade, than GSP recipients that do not join the multilateral trading system. The logic is that GATT/WTO membership makes GSP more predictable by making it non-discriminatory, in the sense that exporters in recipient countries are less vulnerable to the program's ad hoc conditionality. This leads these exporters to lobby less against domestic protectionism, yielding higher trade barriers at home, and thus fewer imports. We test this hypothesis using a gravity model of trade, and data on all GSP programs, and find strong support for the argument that the GATT/WTO's interaction with GSP undermines trade.
Liver metabolism in adult male mice offspring: consequences of a maternal, paternal or both maternal and paternal high-fructose diet
Authors: Carapeto P. V. , Ornellas F. , Mandarim-de-Lacerda C. A. , Aguila M. B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the consequences of the consumption of a high-fructose diet (HFR; fructose was responsible for 45% of the energy from carbohydrates) by the mother, the father, or both on C57BL/6 adult male offspring. Non-consanguineous parents received the diet (HFR or control, C) from 8 weeks before mating until weaning (n=10 fathers and n=10 mothers on each diet). After weaning, only the C diet was offered to offspring. The groups were formed by one male randomly taken from each litter. The offspring groups were identified according to the mother’s diet (the first letter), then the father’s diet (the second letter), that is, C/C, C/HFR, HFR/C, HFR/HFR (n=10 per group). The parents exhibited the following characteristics: compared with those of the C group, the HFR parents had higher blood pressure (BP), enlarged liver, increased hepatic triacylglycerol content, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high plasma leptin and low adiponectin. The offspring exhibited the following characteristics: compared with the C/C group, the HFR/HFR group had high BP. The C/HFR, HFR/C and HFR/HFR showed elevated uric acid and leptin levels and diminished adiponectin. The HFR/HFR group showed liver inflammation (increased NFκB, SOCS3, JNK, TNF-α, IL1-β and IL6 levels). Likewise, SREBP-1c and FAS were upregulated. In conclusion, the consumption of a HFR by the mother and/or father is associated with adverse effects on liver metabolism in adult male offspring. When both mother and father are fed a HFR, the adverse effects on the offspring are more severe.
Deep Hydrography of the South China Sea and Deep Water Circulation in the Pacific Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Wan Sui , Jian Zhimin , Dang Haowen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopic compositions of benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi as reliable proxies of deep water properties were compiled from 50 core‐top and down‐core sites in the South China Sea (SCS) for two time slices of the late Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to reconstruct the glacial deep hydrographic structure. The bathymetric profiles of both δ18O and δ13C in the SCS show similar trends between the LGM and the late Holocene, but the δ18O gradients between intermediate (∼500–1,000 m) and deep (>1,500 m) waters obviously increased during the LGM, indicating an intensified bathyal stratification and weakened vertical mixing between intermediate and deep waters in the SCS during the glacial period. A spatial comparison of bathymetric δ18O and δ13C profiles was also made for the Southern Ocean (Indo‐Pacific sector) and southwest Pacific, western equatorial Pacific (i.e., Ontong Java Plateau), off‐Japan margin as well as the SCS. The meridional δ13C profiles indicate a decreasing trend of δ13C (“aging effect”) in the deep layer (∼1,200–2,600 m) from south to north, reflecting a northward flow pathway of deep waters from the southwest Pacific (upstream) to the low‐latitude northwest Pacific and the SCS (downstream) during the LGM. The gradients of deep water δ18O (∼1,200–2,600 m) between these upstream and downstream regions were higher during the LGM relative to the Holocene, implying that a greater contribution of the northern‐sourced North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) with a relatively low δ18O signature to the deep waters in the low‐latitude Pacific during the LGM.
Top‐Down Constraints on Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Within an Agricultural‐Urban Landscape
Authors: Hu Cheng , Griffis Timothy J. , Lee Xuhui , Millet Dylan B. , Chen Zichong , Baker John M. , Xiao Ke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions dominate the atmospheric greenhouse gas radiative forcing budget. However, these emissions are poorly constrained at the regional (102–106 km2) and seasonal scales. Here we use a combination of tall tower CO2 mixing ratio and carbon isotope ratio observations and inverse modeling techniques to constrain anthropogenic CO2 emissions within a highly heterogeneous agricultural landscape near Saint Paul, Minnesota, in the Upper Midwestern United States. The analyses indicate that anthropogenic emissions contributed 6.6, 6.8, and 7.4 μmol/mol annual CO2 enhancements (i.e., departures from the background values) in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Oil refinery, the energy industry (power and heat generation), and residential emissions (home heating and cooking) contributed 2.9 (42.5%), 1.4 (19.8%), and 1.1 μmol/mol (15.8%) of the total anthropogenic enhancement over the 3‐year period according to a priori inventories. The total anthropogenic signal was further partitioned into CO2 emissions derived from fuel oil, natural gas, coal, gasoline, and diesel consumption using inverse modeling and carbon isotope ratio analyses. The results indicate that fuel oil and natural gas consumption accounted for 52.5% of the anthropogenic CO2 sources in winter. Here the a posteriori CO2 emission from natural gas was 79.0 ± 4.1% (a priori 20.0%) and accounted for 63% of the total CO2 enhancement including both biological and anthropogenic sources. The a posteriori CO2 emission from fuel oil was 8.4 ± 3.8% (a priori 32.5%)—suggesting a more important role of residential heating in winter. The modeled carbon isotope ratio of the CO2 source (δ13Cs , −29.3 ± 0.4‰) was relatively more enriched in 13C‐CO2 compared to that derived from Miller‐Tans plot analyses (−35.5‰ to −34.8‰), supporting that natural gas consumption was underestimated for this region.