bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science or Spectacle? A Critical Evaluation of the decade of Aesthetic Medicine Conferences using Punctuated Equilibrium Framework
Authors: Rahman Eqram , Sayed Karim , Rao Parinitha , Yu Nanze , Wang Keming , Garcia Patricia E , Ioannidis Sotirios , Philipp-Dormston Wolfgang G , Carruthers Jean D A , Webb William Richard 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The global aesthetic medicine industry is rapidly expanding, with conferences serving as crucial platforms for knowledge exchange and collaboration. However, concerns have emerged about the increasing prioritisation of commercial content over scientifically rigorous presentations. This study critically evaluates the balance between commercial and scientific content at aesthetic medicine conferences, utilising artificial intelligence (AI) tools to analyse the impact of industry sponsorship and live procedural demonstrations on educational value.

Method:
Using the Punctuated Equilibrium Framework (PEF), AI-driven content analysis, social network analysis (SNA), and sentiment analysis were applied to evaluate conference data, including programs, sponsorship details, speaker affiliations, and attendee engagement metrics. The study analysed global and regional aesthetic medicine conferences from 2014 to 2024, identifying patterns and punctuated shifts in the balance between scientific and commercially driven content.

Results:
AI-based analysis of 487 conferences, comprising over 28,000 sessions and 2 million social media posts, revealed an increasing trend towards commercially focused content, particularly in industry-sponsored events. Approximately 44% of sessions were commercially oriented, with significant spikes during product launches. Academic and clinical speakers were more prevalent in scientific conferences, while industry-affiliated speakers dominated commercial sessions. Social media sentiment, analysed using AI tools, reflected high engagement with procedural demonstrations but also highlighted concerns about educational quality.

Conclusion:
While industry-driven sessions garnered higher immediate engagement, they reduced long-term cognitive retention and compromised the educational integrity of conferences. The use of AI in this study enabled a deeper understanding of content trends and their effects. Aesthetic medicine conferences must recalibrate the balance between commercial interests and scientific rigour to ensure sustainable professional development and patient safety.

Evidence Level:
IV
“The Ultrathin Parascapular Flap: Proof of Concept and Use in Plantar Foot Reconstruction”
Authors: Felder John M. , Tawaklna Kenan , Said Abdullah M. , Lohasammakul Suphalerk , Saraswat Nirvana B. , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY:
Optimal reconstruction of weight-bearing plantar foot defects is challenging due to the need for relatively thin coverage with simultaneous durability. The medial plantar flap provides an excellent tissue match but is not always available or appropriate (Figure 1, 2). Microsurgical free flap reconstruction provides many options for coverage. However, few skin flaps are thin enough to contour appropriately but still provide thick dermis for durable weight-bearing; particularly in patients with an average or obese body habitus.1 Lately, the suprascarpal (“superthin”) plane of elevation has been increasingly used to provide tailored coverage with appropriate thickness matching to the surrounding tissues.2,3 Even thinner “ultrathin flaps” are raised within the subcutaneous fat superficial to the Scarpa’s layer.4 The superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIP) and anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flaps are commonly suprascarpally elevated,5,6 and the ultrathin SIEA flap has been recently described.7 The scapular and parascapular flaps have many ideal characteristics, including thick skin,8 minimal donor site morbidity, simple pedicle dissection, and a lengthy robust pedicle. Obese subcutaneous tissue typically precludes use, and para-/scapular flaps may be overlooked for ultrathin elevation. We describe the utility of ultrathin parascapular flaps (UPF) in weight-bearing plantar foot defects.
“A Video-Based Learning Module is an Effective Way to Teach the Interpretation of Pre-Operative Electrodiagnostic Studies”
Authors: Taylor Ruby L. , Zhang Justin K. , Patterson J. Megan M. , Llaneras Noah S. , Pripotnev Stahs , Wu Kitty Y. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies are critical for surgical decision-making in nerve injuries. Surgeons typically rely on the electrodiagnostician’s reports and lack formal training in EDX interpretation. This knowledge gap highlights a need for accessible and effective educational resources for surgeons to improve their understanding of EDX and enhance patient care.

Methods:
The educational module consisted of a pre-lecture knowledge assessment, a 42-minute video lecture on interpreting electrodiagnostic studies, and a post-lecture knowledge assessment. Knowledge retention was assessed via an additional survey distributed three months after module completion.

Results:
This study, involving 119 participants (79% attending surgeons, 8% fellows, 9% surgical residents, and 2% who described their position as “other”), demonstrated that a 42-minute video-based learning module significantly improved knowledge of EDX interpretation. Median scores increased from 7 to 9 (p<0.001), with improvement persisting at three months (median retention score of 11, p<0.025). Notably, among surgeons completing the three-month assessment, 65.5% reported that knowledge gained from the module had changed their clinical practice.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that a concise, video-based learning module can effectively enhance surgeon knowledge of EDX interpretation and may serve as a valuable tool for surgical education and improving patient selection in nerve surgery.
Bacterial comparison study of prosthetic liners
Authors: Dupler Keera L. , Miller Hailey C. , Seeland Esther C. , Tan Philip M. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Amputee patients in low-resource settings face a heightened risk of skin infections at the skin–liner interface of their residual limb, which can develop into a variety of serious complications. Most research comparing prosthetic liners has focused on mechanical and aesthetic properties. However, the relative propensity of different liner types to host bacterial growth has yet to be explored.

Methods:
To address this question, we performed a bacterial comparison study across a traditional sock–EVA combination liner, an advanced Ossur Iceross silicone liner, and a novel silicone liner designed for low-resource hospitals in developing nations. We cultured Staphylococcus aureus within a novel physical model of the skin–liner interface, incorporating a replicate skin layer suspended over a self-regulating heat source. After culturing bacteria for 24 h, we collected and quantified cells in solution.

Results:
Statistical analysis of the bacterial growth concentration from 9 trials revealed relative consistency of growth across the 3 liner types, suggesting that none of the liners pose heightened risks of infection, relative to the others.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that certain innovative prosthetic materials may safely be considered for fabrication of prosthetic liners in low-resource environments. The in vitro skin–liner model and test method for bacterial growth characterization introduced herein may be useful for future dermatological simulations.
Improved MR Detection of Optic Nerve Demyelination With MP2RAGE-FLAWS Compared With T2-Weighted Fat-Saturated Sequences
Authors: Aichour Randa , Emorine Thibaut , Oubaya Nadia , Megdiche Imen , Créange Alain , Lecler Augustin , Kober Tobias , Massire Aurélien , Bapst Blanche 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Nonenhanced T1-w sequences such as magnetization-prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP2RAGE) and derived fluid and white matter suppression (FLAWS) have demonstrated high performance for detecting brain parenchymal and cervical spine demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis. However, their potential for identifying optic nerve (ON) demyelination remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of compressed sensing–accelerated (CS) MP2RAGE-FLAWS imaging for detection of ON demyelination lesions compared with T2-w fat-saturated (FS) TSE imaging in a clinical setting.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of magnetic resonance scans acquired on patients with central nervous system demyelinating disorders between January and December 2022. Inclusion criteria were the acquisition in the same session of a brain CS-MP2RAGE-FLAWS imaging and a combination of axial + coronal T2-w FS orbital sequences. A 4-step radiological analysis—including blinded and consensus readings—assessed ON lesion detection. The reference standard was the final reading session of radiologists using the entire patient file. Sensitivities and specificities of both sequences were computed and compared using McNemar χ2 tests.

Results
Thirty-nine patients (mean age: 43 ± 14 years; 25 women) were analyzed, including 34 with multiple sclerosis, 2 with MOGAD (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease), 1 with NMOSD (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder), and 2 with indeterminate demyelinating disease. Among the 78 ONs analyzed, 64 lesions were detected with CS-MP2RAGE-FLAWS as opposed to 37 with 2D T2-w FS imaging, corresponding to a total of 41 and 27 affected nerves, respectively. CS-MP2RAGE-FLAWS exhibited higher sensitivity for overall detection of ON lesions compared with 2D T2-w FS imaging (97.5% vs 67.5%, P = 0.001) without reducing the specificity. Improved lesion detectability with CS-MP2RAGE-FLAWS was significant compared with 2D T2-w FS in intraorbital and intracanalicular segments (respectively, 92.3% vs 50% and 96.3% vs 66.7%; P < 0.05). There was no difference in sensitivity (P = 0.69) or specificity (P = 0.99) regarding the intracranial segment analysis.

Conclusions
CS-MP2RAGE-FLAWS sequence improves ON lesion detection compared with conventional 2D T2-w FS, especially in the intraorbital segment, while simultaneously providing whole-brain and cervical spinal cord imaging at no additional time cost.
131I Accumulation Due to an Intrauterine Device in a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patient
Authors: Feng Yuan , Lan Xiaoli , Zhang Xiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A 46-year-old woman underwent 131I radiotherapy following thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Posttherapeutic 131I scintigraphy was performed 4 days later. Both attenuation-corrected and non–attenuation-corrected 131I tomography images elucidated an intrauterine device with avid 131I uptake in her uterus. This case illustrated that an intrauterine device should be considered as a potential cause of false-positive results in posttherapeutic 131I scintigraphy, highlighting the need for accurate image interpretation to avoid unnecessary treatment.
Incidental Ovarian Uptake in Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Saber Tanha Amin , Hosseini Sareh , Soltani Ehsan , Akbari Oryani Mahsa , Askari Emran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A 47-year-old woman, recently diagnosed with breast cancer, underwent staging. A whole-body bone scan revealed an unexpected focal 99mTc-MDP uptake in her right ovary. Extensive literature review suggested various malignant pathologies for this incidental ovarian uptake. Despite inconclusive results from other imaging modalities, the multidisciplinary tumor board recommended right ovarian resection due to a history of abnormal uterine bleeding. The final pathology confirmed an adult-type granulosa cell tumor. Interestingly, subsequent surgery performed for staging purposes found no additional tumor sources. This case highlights the enhanced diagnostic value of hybrid imaging in bone scintigraphy.
Supplemental oxygen costs and equipment utilization in a low-income population with ILD or COPD
Authors: Clark Kristopher P. , Kass Daniel J. , Degenholtz Howard B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRationaleSupplemental oxygen is often prescribed to patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The specific costs of oxygen therapy in these diseases have not been fully described in patients living in the United States.ObjectivesEstimate Medicaid/Medicare costs for supplemental oxygen, characterize differences in oxygen equipment utilization, and identify factors impacting the costs of supplemental oxygen therapy in ILD and COPD.MethodsWe reviewed claims data for years 2016-2020 for Pennsylvania residents with ILD or COPD who were dually eligible for Medicaid/Medicare and enrolled in traditional fee-for-service Medicare. A generalized estimated equation (GEE) model was used to identify variables associated with annual oxygen costs.Measurements and Main ResultsA greater proportion of paid claims in ILD were for oxygen services (40.3% vs 22.0%) and for high flow oxygen (4.2% vs 2.2%), though ILD represented the minority of paid oxygen claims (5.2%). Oxygen cost approximately $65/month for both groups. Most oxygen claims (≥94%) were for stationary concentrators. Liquid devices and stationary gas were the least utilized equipment. Lower costs were associated with living in a competitive bidding area and with markers of advanced age and worse health status.ConclusionsOxygen utilization is greater in ILD but is only a small portion of total oxygen claims compared to COPD. Costs and equipment utilization were similar between groups. Liquid oxygen claims were rare even among subjects requiring high flow. Oxygen therapy is common in these diseases and likely represents a significant contribution to total healthcare costs.
Virtual rehabilitation for individuals with Long COVID: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Janaudis-Ferreira Tania , Beauchamp Marla K. , Rizk Amanda , Tansey Catherine M. , Sedeno Maria , Barreto Laura , Bourbeau Jean , Ross Bryan A. , Benedetti Andrea , Li Pei Zhi , Agarwal Kriti , Zucco Rebecca , Lopez Julie , Crowley Emily , Cloutier Julie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOur primary objective was to investigate whether an 8-week virtual rehabilitation program for individuals with long COVID improves functional mobility compared to usual care.MethodsSubjects were randomly assigned to receive either i) virtual rehabilitation plus usual outpatient care or ii) usual outpatient care. The intervention group underwent an 8-week virtual rehabilitation program which consisted of personalised and symptom-titrated functional aerobic and resistance exercises as well as long COVID educational sessions. The primary outcome was the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) mobility score. Secondary outcomes included the Baseline and Transition Dyspnea Index (BDI/TDI), the Fatigue Visual Analog Scale, 12-item short-form, EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L), DePaul Symptom Questionnaire – PEM, physical function tests, questionnaires on mental health, acceptability and adverse events.Findings132 individuals with long COVID (mean age 48 ± 11.8; 75% female) were enrolled. The adherence rate was 96%; however, 25 participants (39%) in the intervention group were unable to progress their exercises through the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, and type) principle due to symptoms. No between group differences were found for change in AM-PAC mobility (95% CI –0.91 to 2.13). The proportion of participants achieving the minimal detectable change in the AM-PAC mobility at the end of the intervention period was higher in the intervention group (35.8% (SE 6.0%) vs. 17.0% (SE 4.7%)) (95% CI 3.9 to 33.8). Compared with controls, scores on the EQ-5D-5L pain/discomfort (95% CI –0.70 to –0.03), EQ-5D-5L VAS (95% CI 1.05 to 14.43), VAS fatigue (95% CI –1.78 to –0.02), as well as for the TDI functional (95% CI 0.07 to 0.72), effort (95% CI 0.10 to 1.12) and total scores (95% CI 0.10 to 2.37) were greater in the intervention group. There were no between-group differences in other outcomes and no serious adverse events.InterpretationAn 8-week virtual rehabilitation program did not improve self-reported mobility for most patients with long COVID, however we did find improvements in health status and symptom persistence. Progression of exercise training is challenging in this population.
Development of a dynamic counterfactual risk stratification strategy for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with venetoclax and azacitidine
Authors: Islam Nazmul , Dale Justin L. , Reuben Jamie S. , Sapiah Karan , Coates James W. , Markson Frank R. , Zhang Jingjing , Wu Lezhou , Gasparetto Maura , Stevens Brett M. , Staggs Sarah E. , Showers William M. , Ransom Monica R. , Desai Jairav , Kulkarni Ujjwal V. , Engel Krysta L. , Jordan Craig T. , Boyiadzis Michael , Smith Clayton A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a flexible risk model (RM) stratification strategy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) that is specific for the new standard of care venetoclax plus azacitidine (ven/aza), captures disease heterogeneity, and addresses a range of real-world data issues.Materials and MethodsA series of tunable RMs based on a dynamic counterfactual machine learning (ML) strategy that utilized next generation sequencing, cytogenetics, flow cytometry, and other features of the diagnostic AML samples were developed and tested on a single institutional cohort of 316 newly diagnosed patients treated initially with ven/aza.ResultsFavorable, Intermediate, and Adverse risk groups were identified in a series of novel RMs derived using ML models for overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS). Most, but not all models, demonstrated equitable patient distribution into the different risk categories (∼20%-40% in each group) with significant separation between categories (Log-Rank based p-values <0.001), and with predictability computed by survival AUC values in the ∼0.60-0.70 range.Discussion and ConclusionThe general strategy employed here is specific for AML patients treated with ven/aza, is based on a wide range of diagnostic AML pathology features, considers feature interactions, addresses data missingness, sparsity, and the confounding effects of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. It is also readily tunable through simple coding and context specific parameter updates, and adaptable to reflect different use case needs. This strategy represents a new approach to developing more effective RMs for AML and possibly other diseases as well.
Risk of hypothyroidism in meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians: A population-based prospective study
Authors: Candussi Catharina J. , Bell William , Thompson Alysha S. , Knüppel Sven , Gaggl Martina , Světnička Martin , Gojda Jan , Cassidy Aedín , Weikert Cornelia , Córdova Reynalda , Kühn Tilman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, plant-based diets are gaining in popularity. Whilst their cardiometabolic benefits are well-documented, there is a lack of studies examining the associations between plant-based diets and risk of hypothyroidism.MethodsWe analysed data from the UK Biobank cohort. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for incident hypothyroidism across vegans, vegetarians, pescatarians, poultry eaters, low meat eaters, and high meat eaters aged 40-69 years. Ancillary to this, we carried out logistic regression analysess to evaluate associations between the diet groups and prevalent hypothyroidism (according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes at baseline.ResultsWe included 494,437 individuals from the UK Biobank, of which 231,906 followed a high-meat, 236,510 a low-meat, 5,662 a poultry-based, 11,286 a pescatarian, 8,654 a vegetarian, and 419 a vegan diet. During a median (SD) follow-up of 12.7 (± 3.2) years, 24,240 participants developed hypothyroidism. In multivariable Cox regression models without adjustment for body mass index (BMI), none of the diets were significantly associated with the risk of hypothyroidism. However, there was a tendency for a higher risk of hypothyroidism among vegetarians compared to people following a high-meat diet (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.98 - 1.19). After controlling for BMI the association for vegetarians (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.07 – 1.30) became stronger and statistically significant. Furthermore, we observed a positive association between a vegetarian (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.14 - 1.63) and a poultry diet (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10 1.63) with hypothyroidism prevalence.ConclusionIn the present study, we found a moderately higher risk of hypothyroidism among vegetarians, after controlling for BMI, a potential collider. This slightly higher risk of hypothyroidism among vegetarians, requires further investigation, taking iodine status and thyroid hormone levels into account.
Diagnostic value of PIVKA-II + AFP and PIVKA-II AFP-L3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ibn Awadh Abdulrahman , Ajeebi Mariam , Alharbi Shaikhah , Alanazi Khulud , Alzahrani Ahmed , Alkhenizan Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe most promising serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients include PIVKA-II, AFP, and AFP-L3. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of combining biomarkers is still up for debate. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PIVKA-II+AFP and PIVKA-II+AFP-L3.MethodsFollowing a systematic search of the literature in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar and CINAHL, thirty relevant papers were found. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were evaluated using a random-effects model.ResultsThe pooled sensitivity, specificity and DOR values of PIVKA-II+AFP were 0,79, 0,83, and 24,95, respectively; which were slightly lower to those of PIVKA-II+AFP-L3 (0,77, 0,88, and 29,73, respectively) except for sensitivity. Furthermore, PIVKA-II+AFP-L3 presented higher diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0,923) than did PIVKA-II+AFP (AUC=0,895). Neither threshold effects nor continent or etiology of HCC were found to be sources of heterogeneity. Interestingly, we demonstrated proof of publication bias for DOR values using Egger’s regression test (p < 0,05) and funnel plots. Sensitivity analysis proved the strong reliability of this meta-analysis.ConclusionThe combined assay of PIVKA-II+AFP-L3 seemed to be more adequate than PIVKA-II+AFP for the diagnosis of HCC. Hence, diagnostic tests combining many biomarkers will be clinically significant for HCC decision-making processes.