bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status of treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ningbo, China
Authors: Yang Tianmeng , Zheng Rongjiong , Chen Qingmei , Mao Yushan ,   The Ningbo Clinical Research Group of Diabetes
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe treatment status of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Ningbo has not been reported in the past. To evaluate the current status of T2DM in Ningbo and provide evidence to formulate more policies, a multicenter investigation was needed.MethodsThe Ningbo Clinical Research Group of Diabetes constituted nine hospitals. Participants included 3015 patients who visited the nine hospitals from June to December 2016. General characteristics, the medication situation, the laboratory indexes in nearly 3 months consisting of glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1c), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and the results of ophthalmologic examination were investigated. The evaluation criteria were defined based on 2013 China guideline for T2DM.ResultsThe 3015 subjects included 1685 men and 1330 women. The average age was 63.3 ± 13.0 years. The prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia was 58.7% and 56.7%, respectively. In the examinees, nephropathy appeared in 11.6% and retinopathy in 14.5%. More than half (50.9%) of the subjects were overweight. The achievement rate of blood pressure (BP) was 39.6% (<140/80 mm Hg), FBG was 46.0% (4.4‐7.0 mmol/L), HbA1c was 41.7% (<7.0%), and LDL‐C was 51.7% (<1.8 mmol/L; and if accompanied by CHD, <2.6).ConclusionNingbo City T2DM status is not optimistic, and there is a big gap with the indicators.
Hsa_circ_0000467 promotes cancer progression and serves as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhang Peng‐yang , Xie Jian‐wei , Wang Jia‐bin , Lin Jian‐xian , Chen Qi‐yue , Cao Long‐long , Huang Chang‐ming , Li Ping , Zheng Chao‐hui 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in the development of malignancies. However, the diagnostic value and functional role of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely elusive.MethodsQuantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was performed to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0000467 in tissues, cell lines, and plasma. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to estimate the diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0000467. The association between the expression level of hsa_circ_0000467 and the clinicopathological features was analyzed. Moreover, cell functional assays were performed.ResultsHsa_circ_0000467 was significantly upregulated in GC tissue compared to adjacent nontumor tissue (n = 51, P < 0.05). Similar results were detected in the HGC‐27, MGC‐803, AGS, NUGC‐3, GES‐1 cell lines (n = 15, P < 0.001), and in the plasma samples from GC patients (n = 20, P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of hsa_circ_0000467 was 0.790, which is superior to commonly used biomarkers including CEA and CA‐724. We found that the expression levels of hsa_circ_0000467 in the same patient were significantly lower after surgery (n = 20, P < 0.05). Moreover, the hsa_circ_0000467 expression level is closely associated with TNM stage. Additionally, Cox multivariate analysis showed that hsa_circ_0000467 is a novel independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of hsa_circ_0000467 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Moreover, hsa_circ_0000467 silencing increased tumor apoptosis in vitro.ConclusionHsa_circ_0000467 can act as a novel noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of GC and may be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
Hypericum perforatum in the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders: Current evidence and potential mechanisms of action
Authors: Zirak Nahid , Shafiee Mojtaba , Soltani Ghasem , Mirzaei Mohammad , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric disorders are substantially associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Depression and anxiety are two of the most common psychiatric disorders that often co‐occur with each other as well as with other mental health conditions. Because of the limitations of currently available antidepressant therapies, there is a need for agents with improved efficacy and less adverse effects. Hypericum perforatum, widely known as St. John's wort, is a perennial herbaceous plant most well known for its antidepressant properties.MethodsWe reviewed the available in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence on the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of St. John's wort and its active constituents in the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.ResultsSeveral interesting data have been reported about the antidepressant properties of H. perforatum in clinical trials with different designs. In particular, a number of antidepressant‐controlled trials demonstrated that H. perforatum and its active ingredients, hypericin and hyperforin, possess antidepressant properties similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors but with fewer and milder side effects.ConclusionSt. John's wort may exert potent antidepressant effects and represents an efficacious and safe treatment. However, the current clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of H. perforatum in other psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders is not sufficient to draw a robust conclusion.
Lack of muscle mTOR kinase activity causes early onset myopathy and compromises whole‐body homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Qing , Duplany Agnès , Moncollin Vincent , Mouradian Sandrine , Goillot Evelyne , Mazelin Laetitia , Gauthier Karine , Streichenberger Nathalie , Angleraux Céline , Chen Jie , Ding Shuzhe , Schaeffer Laurent , Gangloff Yann‐Gaël 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cellular growth and metabolism. Although balanced mTOR signalling is required for proper muscle homeostasis, partial mTOR inhibition by rapamycin has beneficial effects on various muscle disorders and age‐related pathologies. Besides, more potent mTOR inhibitors targeting mTOR catalytic activity have been developed and are in clinical trials. However, the physiological impact of loss of mTOR catalytic activity in skeletal muscle is currently unknown.MethodsWe have generated the mTORmKOKI mouse model in which conditional loss of mTOR is concomitant with expression of kinase inactive mTOR in skeletal muscle. We performed a comparative phenotypic and biochemical analysis of mTORmKOKI mutant animals with muscle‐specific mTOR knockout (mTORmKO) littermates.ResultsIn striking contrast with mTORmKO littermates, mTORmKOKI mice developed an early onset rapidly progressive myopathy causing juvenile lethality. More than 50% mTORmKOKI mice died before 8 weeks of age, and none survived more than 12 weeks, while mTORmKO mice died around 7 months of age. The growth rate of mTORmKOKI mice declined beyond 1 week of age, and the animals showed profound alterations in body composition at 4 weeks of age. At this age, their body weight was 64% that of mTORmKO mice (P < 0.001) due to significant reduction in lean and fat mass. The mass of isolated muscles from mTORmKOKI mice was remarkably decreased by 38–56% (P < 0.001) as compared with that from mTORmKO mice. Histopathological analysis further revealed exacerbated dystrophic features and metabolic alterations in both slow/oxidative and fast/glycolytic muscles from mTORmKOKI mice. We show that the severity of the mTORmKOKI as compared with the mild mTORmKO phenotype is due to more robust suppression of muscle mTORC1 signalling leading to stronger alterations in protein synthesis, oxidative metabolism, and autophagy. This was accompanied with stronger feedback activation of PKB/Akt and dramatic down‐regulation of glycogen phosphorylase expression (0.16‐fold in tibialis anterior muscle, P < 0.01), thus causing features of glycogen storage disease type V.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a critical role for muscle mTOR catalytic activity in the regulation of whole‐body growth and homeostasis. We suggest that skeletal muscle targeting with mTOR catalytic inhibitors may have detrimental effects. The mTORmKOKI mutant mouse provides an animal model for the pathophysiological understanding of muscle mTOR activity inhibition as well as for mechanistic investigation of the influence of skeletal muscle perturbations on whole‐body homeostasis.
Efficient and selective adsorption of small polyols by boronic acid functionalized polystyrene adsorbent
Authors: Jia Yu‐Xiang , Sun Weizhi , Yin Chai , Xu Chao , Yu Shitao , Mo Xian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe separation of polyols from fermentation broth remains a challenge due to their high boiling points and strong hydrophilicity, however, they show pH‐dependent reversible interaction with boronic acid, which makes it a perfect moiety for the construction of functional adsorbents for polyols enrichment.RESULTSBoronic acid functionalized polystyrene adsorbents were successfully synthesized by loading N‐ or O‐substituted phenylboronic acid into chloromethylated polystyrene resin. Aminophenyl boronic acid modified resin exhibits the best adsorption capacities, 0.34 mmol g−1 for glycerol and 0.27 mmol g−1 for 1,2,4‐butanetriol in aqueous solution, whereas the adsorption capacities of most commercial resins are below 0.07 mmol g−1. The adsorption capacity increased with increasing alkalinity and the boronic ester dissociates when subjected to acidic conditions. The reversible interaction facilitates regeneration of the adsorbent, and the resin displayed good adsorption stability during six reuses.CONCLUSIONThe functional resin displays great adsorption advantage over commercial resins and adsorptive preference for 1,2‐ and 1,3‐polyols rather than 1,4‐polyol in double‐adsorbate systems, distinctive from commercial resin whose adsorption capacity is mainly determined by the hydrophilicity of the adsorbate. Thus, boronic acid functionalized polystyrene adsorbent is a potential adsorbent for polyol enrichment from fermentation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
SMART pass will prevent inappropriate operation of S‐ICD
Authors: Tachibana Motomi , Nishii Nobuhiro , Banba Kimikazu , Fujita Shinpei , Ikeda Etsuko , Okawa Keisuke , Morita Hiroshi , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundCompared to screening ECG before implantation of a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD), selectable vectors without T‐wave oversensing increase after S‐ICD implantation. Newer algorithms have recently become available to reduce T‐wave oversensing, such as SMART pass (SP). With this function, more selectable vectors are identified after S‐ICD implantation. However, this improvement in eligibility utilizing SP has not yet been well validated. We aimed to clarify S‐ICD eligibility before and after S‐ICD implantation with and without SP.MethodsParticipants comprised 34 patients implanted with an S‐ICD at Okayama University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals between February 2016 and August 2017. A total of 102 S‐ICD vectors were assessed for eligibility before and after S‐ICD implantation, at rest and during exercise testing. Vector availability was evaluated in the presence and absence of SP after S‐ICD implantation.ResultsSubcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator eligibility was significantly better after implantation even without SP than S‐ICD screening before S‐ICD implantation, both at rest (before 65.7% vs after 95.1%, P < 0.01) and during exercise (before 59.3% vs after 90.6%, P < 0.01). SP improved S‐ICD eligibility during exercise (SP on 97.9% vs off 90.6%, P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed the prevalence of S‐ICD eligibility increased significantly after S‐ICD implantation compared to screening before implantation. SP further increased selectable vectors in multivariate analysis.ConclusionAvailable vectors increased significantly after S‐ICD implantation compared to preoperative vectors as assessed by S‐ICD screening ECG. T‐wave oversensing during exercise has been an unresolved issue for S‐ICD, but SP will help prevent inappropriate operation with S‐ICD.
Rapid and sensitive surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy detection for norepinephrine in biofluids
Authors: Zhou Xia , Qin Miao , Zhu Jun , Wang Cong , Zhu Guang , Wang Hongyan , Yang Liangbao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNorepinephrine (NE) is a kind of catecholamine neurotransmitter that participates significant function in living organism. Rapid and sensitive detection target in complex system is crucial in analytical science. A facile ferric citrate (CA‐Fe (III)) sensor was designed successfully for sensitive detection of NE by surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) method. This CA‐Fe (III) sensor was prepared by modifying Fe (III) on the surface of uniform Au nanoparticles (NPs) wrapped with citrate (CA) stabilizer. The implementation of NE selective detection is attributed to significant enhancement provided by Au NPs and additional enhancement provided by ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer between chromophore and analyte. In addition, a universal CH3OH, HCl, and petroleum ether added in sequence pretreatment method was developed and applied to purify and enrich the target in practical biological sample, realizing selective detection of NE in biofluids. This novel sensor combined with SERRS and pretreatment strategy not only amplifies the Raman signal of NE but also paves the way for pretreating sample in complex system.
Evaluating response distances to develop buffer zones for staging terns
Authors: Althouse Melissa A. , Cohen Jonathan B. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Spendelow Jeffrey A. , Davis Kayla L. , Parsons Katharine C. , Luttazi Cristin F. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBuffer zones, calculated by flight‐initiation distance (FID), are often used to reduce anthropogenic disturbances to wildlife, but FID can vary significantly across life‐history stages. We examined the behavioral effect of potential natural (gulls and shorebirds) and anthropogenic (pedestrians) disturbance sources to staging roseate (Sterna dougallii) and common tern (S. hirundo) flocks from July to September in 2014 and 2015 at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. We estimated the proportion of the flock exhibiting different responses to potential disturbance sources as a function of distance, flock size, percent roseate terns, and local disturbance rates, using Bayesian zero‐and‐one inflated beta regression. The proportion of tern flocks responding to the presence of shorebirds by flying was low (0.01 ± 0.001 [SE]) and did not vary by distance or other covariates, whereas the proportion flying in response to gulls increased as distance decreased, with smaller flocks, and with flocks with a larger proportion of roseate terns being more sensitive to gull presence. Prolonged flight response rapidly increased in probability from 0.0 to as much as 1.0 as distance from pedestrians to the flock decreased from 100 m and was much more likely with smaller flocks. Pedestrian activity levels also had an effect on flock responses; those engaged in active behaviors such as jogging were more likely to cause flushing than those engaged in passive behaviors. Terns seemed to view pedestrians as more of a threat than shorebirds and gulls, even though gulls are frequent kleptoparasites of terns. Pedestrians >120 m from a tern flock generally elicited the same probability of flight response as shorebirds and gulls. We recommend managers maintain anthropogenic disturbance levels at or below the intensity of those from natural sources at sites where recreation and wildlife values are both important. Because staging tern flocks may use a variety of areas within a site, we recommend instituting a 100‐m buffer around areas potentially used by staging flocks at Cape Cod, where we studied every location roseate terns are known to use in large numbers. For other sites used by mixed‐species tern flocks, we recommend the use of our field and analytical methods to develop appropriate buffer distances that will keep pedestrians far enough away to reduce the likelihood of flight and other non‐locomotive anti‐predator behaviors. These buffer zones will also benefit other species sensitive to human activity. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Over–under versus medial tympanoplasty: Comparison of benefit, success, and hearing results
Authors: Babu Seilesh , Luryi Alexander L. , Schutt Christopher A. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisA hybrid variation of a tympanoplasty technique, termed over–under tympanoplasty (OUT), was evaluated to demonstrate the long‐term outcomes and complications compared to medial tympanoplasty.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsPatients who underwent a tympanoplasty between 2010 and 2015 were included. Primary outcome measures included graft healing at 18 months, change in air‐bone gap (ABG), and change in high‐frequency hearing at 8 kHz. The Shapiro‐Wilk test, Student t test, and nonparametric Mann‐Whitney test were used to compare results. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential predictors of surgical success.ResultsOne hundred eleven patients were included; 84 underwent the over–under technique and 27 underwent medial tympanoplasty. At the 18‐month follow‐up, 100% of patients in the medial tympanoplasty group had closure of the TM perforation compared to 84% (71/84) in the over–under group. In the over–under group, 12% of patients developed small or pinpoint perforations, and 4% developed larger, recurrent perforations. Mean improvement in ABG was similar between the two groups (11.6 dB for the medial group vs. 11.9 dB for the over–under group, P < .001). No hearing loss was noted in either group. No lateralization of the graft or anterior blunting was noted.ConclusionsIn this series, the OUT technique had a high success rate with TM perforations, including anterior, near total, and total perforations. Hearing loss from dissection on the malleus was not found. This approach blends the advantages and minimizes the disadvantages of the classic techniques and is well suited for all types of tympanic membrane perforations.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 129:1206–1210, 2019
Unsaturated Fatty Acids Increase the Expression of Hepassocin through a Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3‐Dependent Pathway in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Cheng Kai‐Pi , Ou Horng‐Yih , Hung Hao‐Chang , Li Chung‐Hao , Fan Kang‐Chih , Wu Jin‐Shang , Wu Hung‐Tsung , Chang Chih‐Jen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHepassocin (HPS) is a hepatokine that regulates hepatocyte proliferation. It is known that HPS plays an important role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Fatty acids, such as oleic acid (OLA), exhibit the ability to activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3), and the binding site of STAT3 is found in the promoter region of HPS. However, the regulation of HPS by fatty acids is still obscure. To clarify the regulation of HPS, we detected the expression of HPS by western blots. In addition, a hepatic steatosis cell culture model was established by treatment of different fatty acids, including linoleic acid (LNA), oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. The intracellular lipid accumulation was confirmed by oil red O staining. Blocking of STAT3 activity was achieved by the pretreatment of the STAT3 inhibitor, stattic. We found that activation of STAT3 by interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was mediated in the regulation of HPS expression. Treatment of unsaturated fatty acids significantly induced intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the expressions of HPS were increased in unsaturated fatty acid‐treated HepG2 cells, as compared with saturated fatty acid‐treated groups. Also, the expression of HPS induced by OLA was blocked by the inhibition of STAT3 activity. Furthermore, we found that deletion of HPS by small interfering ribonucleic acid transfection decreased the protective effect of OLA on cell viability. Taken together, we provided evidence that STAT3 plays an important role in the regulation of OLA‐induced HPS expression and the increased HPS may further participate in the development of NAFLD. In addition, the increase of HPS might be involved in the protective effect of OLA on cell viability.
Development and therapeutic potential of autotaxin small molecule inhibitors: From bench to advanced clinical trials
Authors: Matralis Alexios N. , Afantitis Antreas , Aidinis Vassilis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSeveral years after its isolation from melanoma cells, an increasing body of experimental evidence has established the involvement of Autotaxin (ATX) in the pathogenesis of several diseases. ATX, an extracellular enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is overexpressed in a variety of human metastatic cancers and is strongly implicated in chronic inflammation and liver toxicity, fibrotic diseases, and thrombosis. Accordingly, the ATX‐LPA signaling pathway is considered a tractable target for therapeutic intervention substantiated by the multitude of research campaigns that have been successful in identifying ATX inhibitors by both academia and industry. Furthermore, from a therapeutic standpoint, the entry and the so far promising results of the first ATX inhibitor in advanced clinical trials against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lends support to the viability of this approach, bringing it to the forefront of drug discovery efforts. The present review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most important series of ATX inhibitors developed so far. Special weight is lent to the design, structure activity relationship and mode of binding studies carried out, leading to the identification of advanced leads. The most significant in vitro and in vivo pharmacological results of these advanced leads are also summarized. Lastly, the development of the first ATX inhibitor entered in clinical trials accompanied by its phase 1 and 2a clinical trial data is disclosed.
New class separability measure for radar signals
Authors: Jeong Seong‐Jae , Lee Seung‐Jae , Kim Kyung‐Tae 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe propose a novel class separability measure for radar signals. To evaluate the discriminatory power of the radar signals, the proposed method first either calculates the correlation coefficients between two radar cross sections (RCSs), linearly shifts one‐dimensional (1‐D) high‐resolution‐range profiles (HRRPs), or rotates two 2‐D inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images. Then, it uses the correlation coefficient when the two radar signals are best aligned. Next, the proposed method obtains new correlation‐ based discriminant matrices (CDMs) using the correlation coefficients. The mean value of the CDMs precisely represents the discriminatory power of the radar signal. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately measure target separability.