bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O ensino de filosofia na atual LDB e nas Orientações Curriculares do Ensino Médio: uma tensão entre conteúdo escolar e o desenvolvimento humano
Authors: Belieri Cleder Mariano , Sforni Marta Sueli de Faria 
Published: June 2018

Para a Teoria Histórico-Cultural, a educação escolar exerce significativo papel no desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores. Com base nesse pressuposto, no presente artigo é analisada a relação entre esse papel da educação e o ensino de Filosofia no Ensino Médio. Foram tomados como objetos de análise a atual Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) e asOrientações Curriculares do Ensino Médio (OCNs) com o objetivo de verificar se o ensino dos conteúdos dessa área de conhecimento, tal como proposto nesses documentos, pode ser promotor do desenvolvimento psíquico dos estudantes. A análise revelou que o ensino da Filosofia está vinculado a temas transversalmente ligado à ética, valores e atitudes cidadãs. Ao ser priorizado oensino de valores morais, o trabalho com os conceitos produzidos e sistematizados pela humanidade no decorrer da história da Filosofia é secundarizado. Assim, as orientações oficiais, apesar de enfatizarem a formação da capacidade de análise e crítica dos estudantes não conduzem a uma prática que garanta essa formação. Já que isso somente seria possível se os conceitos dessa área do conhecimento fossem priorizados e trabalhados de modo a proporcionar aos alunos os instrumentos simbólicos necessários ao exercício de análise e crítica. Uma pratica pedagógica voltada para a apropriação desses instrumentos é o que possibilitaria ao ensino de Filosofia ser promotor do desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores dos estudantes.
On Comparison of Local Polynomial Regression Estimators for P=0 and P=1 in a Model Based Framework
Authors: Kikechi Conlet Biketi , Simwa Richard Onyino 
Published: June 2018

This article discusses the local polynomial regression estimator for and the local polynomial regression estimator for in a finite population. The performance criterion exploited in this study focuses on the efficiency of the finite population total estimators. Further, the discussion explores analytical comparisons between the two estimators with respect to asymptotic relative efficiency. In particular, asymptotic properties of the local polynomial regression estimator of finite population total for are derived in a model based framework. The results of the local polynomial regression estimator for are compared with those of the local polynomial regression estimator for studied by Kikechi et al (2018). Variance comparisons are made using the local polynomial regression estimator for and the local polynomial regression estimator for which indicate that the estimators are asymptotically equivalently efficient. Simulation experiments carried out show that the local polynomial regression estimator outperforms the local polynomial regression estimator in the linear, quadratic and bump populations.
The Bayes Factor for the Misclassified Categorical Data
Authors: Lee Tze-San 
Published: June 2018

This article addresses the issue of misclassification in a single categorical variable, that is, how to test whether the collected categorical data are misclassified. To tackle this issue, a pair of null and alternative hypotheses is proposed. A mixed Bayesian approach is taken to test these hypotheses. Specifically, a bias-adjusted cell proportion estimator is presented that accounts for the bias caused by classification errors in the observed categorical data. The chi-square test is then adjusted accordingly. To test the null hypothesis that the data are not misclassified under a specified multinomial distribution against the alternative hypothesis they are misclassified, the Bayes factor is calculated for the observed data and a comparison is made with the classical p-value.
Assessing teacher leadership in physical education: the Spanish version of the transformational teaching questionnaire
Authors: Alvarez Octavio , Tomas Ines , Estevan Isaac , Molina-García Javier , Queralt Ana , Castillo Isabel 
Published: June 2018

<p>Drawing from the transformational leadership theory, this study aims to translate and analyse the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire (TTQ).</p><p>A cohort sample of 2107 adolescents (997 males and 1110 females) from 82 secondary schools voluntarily participated in the research.</p><p>In Study 1 ((<em>n</em> = 1066), the exploratory factor analysis informed a one-factor solution. In Study 2 (<em>n</em> = 1041), the confirmatory factor analysis showed the single-factor and the four-factor models showed satisfactory and adequate goodness of fit indices, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the four-factor structure of transformational teaching with a high second-order factor, previously found in Canadian adolescents, was replicated in this study. Internal consistency was high in all subscales and in the total scale. The expected pattern of significant relationships with other variables was supported, and evidence of measurement invariance across gender groups was obtained.</p><p>This study provides evidence for the cross-cultural validation of the TTQ, a questionnaire designed to assess students’ perceptions of their teachers’ behaviours from the perspective of transformational leadership theory. These findings suggested that the Spanish version of TTQ would be useful for assessing transformational teaching in Spanish adolescents in physical education classes.</p>
Factors in cyber bullying: the attitude-social influence-efficacy model
Authors: Lee Yi Chih , Wu Wei-Li 
Published: June 2018

<p>This study examines the correlation between risk perception, knowledge, social influence, self-efficacy, and cyber bullying behavior from the perspective of the attitude-social influence-efficacy model. The samples in this survey are adolescents who have had cyber bullying behavior or have witnessed their peers’ cyber bullying behavior. The results showed that attitude towards cyber bullying affected cyber bullying intention, and that intention also influenced cyber bullying behavior. Social influence also had an impact on cyber bullying intention and cyber bullying behavior. In fact, intention was a mediator between attitude and behavior, as well as between social influence and behavior. </p>
Actividad física y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en escolares: análisis mediante ecuaciones estructurales
Authors: Zurita-Ortega Felix , Salvador-Pérez Federico , Knox Emily , Gámiz-Sánchez Vanesa María , Chacón-Cuberos Ramón , Rodríguez-Fernández Sonia , Muros-Molina Jose Joaquín 
Published: June 2018

<p><span style="font-family: Garamond;">The aim of this research was to develop an explanatory model of body mass index (BMI), health-related quality of life, and physical activity, and to analyse the effects of the physical variables on the levels of physical activity, self-esteem and health-related quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 631 Spanish schoolchildren (12.5 ± 1.4 years old).<strong> </strong>They completed questionnaires on self-esteem (Rosemberg test), physical activity (PAQ-C), Mediterranean diet (KIDMED), quality of life (KIDSCREEN-27) and had their BMI and maximum oxygen uptake measured. Structural equations constituted the statistical analyses. A correlation was found between lower BMI and fewer hours of self-reported screen time which was also conducive to higher cardio-respiratory levels and greater engagement in physical activity. More physical activity and better dietary care were related generally with higher health-related quality of life and self-esteem. The model demonstrated acceptable goodness of fit. Findings of the study suggest physical activity and positive dietary behaviours should be promoted in Spanish schools as incremental improvements have the potential to concordantly improve a large range of healthful outcomes including health-related quality of life, self-esteem and BMI.</span></p>
Syllabus Design for Pre-service English Language Teachers in Spain
Authors: Luque Agulló Gloria 
Published: June 2018

This paper describes the steps involved in designing educational programs for pre-service English language teachers in Secondary education within the Spanish context, following the current educational law (LOMCE). Considering the century-long search for the best method within TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language), and the continuous reforms of educational laws in Spain, pre-service teachers must learn the competences and skills essential for designing of their own teaching program. The series of steps described here will enable teachers to show accountability to educational authorities and increase their self-confidence, subsequently improving their craft in the language classroom.
Muscle Co‐Activation Across Activities of Daily Living in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Smith Stephanie L. , Allan Richard , Marreiros Sara P. , Woodburn James , Steultjens Martijn P. M. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveMuscle co‐activation has been shown to be elevated in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) during gait. Comparisons of muscle co‐activation across different activities of daily living such as stair negotiation have yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to explore muscle co‐activation across different activities of daily living in patients with knee OA.MethodsMuscle co‐activation was assessed in 77 symptomatic knee OA patients (mean ± SD age 62.5 ± 8.1 years, body mass index 29.4 ± 6.0 kg/m2, and sex 48:29 female:male) using electromyography (EMG), during a series of walking, stair negotiation (ascent, descent), and sit‐to‐walk activities. EMG was recorded from 7 sites, mediolateral gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, vastus lateralis/medialis, and rectus femoris, and normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Correlation was used to assess the consistency of co‐activation across activities. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance assessed the muscle combination by activity differences.ResultsMuscle co‐activation was highest during stair ascent. When comparing muscle combinations within the same activity, we found that correlations ranged from r = 0.003 to r = 0.897, of which 80% of the combinations were significant. Between activities, muscle co‐activation was significantly different (P < 0.05). Mediolateral muscle co‐activation was higher than hamstrings/quadriceps across activities.ConclusionTwo muscle co‐activation strategies were observed during activities of daily living in patients with knee OA to maintain stability. Muscle co‐activation was higher during more challenging activities, particularly when the joint was accepting load. Mediolateral muscle co‐activation was higher than hamstrings/quadriceps, so that mediolateral co‐activation was thought to be a stabilization mechanism, while hamstrings/quadriceps co‐activation responds to knee flexion moments, suggesting that different muscle combinations may have different roles in responding to joint demand.
Has Rheumatology Become a More Attractive Career Choice? Comparison of Trends in the Rheumatology Fellowship Match From 2008 to 2013 With Those From 2014 to 2017
Authors: Tran Huynh W. , Mathias Lauren M. , Panush Richard S. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveRheumatology has previously been a less attractive career choice than other internal medicine (IM) subspecialties. Recent fellowship data from the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) has suggested that this may have changed. Therefore, we evaluated the current attractiveness of rheumatology as a career choice and compared it with other medical subspecialties.MethodsData from the NRMP from 2008 to 2017, the 2015 American College of Rheumatology workforce study, and Medscape physician salaries from 2010 to 2017 were used to determine annual numbers of fellowship applicants, availability of positions, and post‐fellowship salary trends. Data from 2008 to 2013 were compared with those from 2014 to 2017, and rheumatology was compared with other IM subspecialties.ResultsThe total number of annual fellowship applicants to rheumatology for 2008–2013 decreased by 3% (average annual mean ± SEM percentage change of –1.9 ± 2.6%), from 251 to 244 applicants. However, for 2014–2017, annual rheumatology applications increased by 44% (average annual mean ± SEM percentage change of 20.7 ± 10.5% [P = 0.03]), from 230 to 332 applicants. Other nonprocedural and procedural IM subspecialties did not exhibit a similar increase. For rheumatology, the increases in the ratio of annual applicants to positions (P = 0.02) and in the percentage of US medical graduates applying (P = 0.03) were statistically significant, and mean post‐fellowship salary also rose.ConclusionThe aforementioned observations suggest that rheumatology has become a more attractive career choice since 2014. We speculate that the increasing popularity of the field is multifactorial, likely reflecting lifestyle, job satisfaction and availability, influence of mentors, and other elements. This salutary and exciting potential opportunity for rheumatology should be exploited.
Limited Health Literacy and Patient Confusion About Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient Global Assessments and Model Disease States
Authors: Hirsh Joel , Wood Patrick , Keniston Angela , Peng Mandy , Ramaswami Sai , Caplan Liron , Davis Lisa 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivePatient global assessment visual analog scales (PGA‐VAS) are widely used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) practice and research, and low PGA‐VAS scores are required for remission. Vulnerable patients with RA may have difficulty completing the PGA‐VAS. There is limited information about both patients’ perceptions of PGA‐VAS and how patients score VAS model disease states. The objective of this study was to understand the perspectives of vulnerable patients regarding PGA‐VAS and model disease states.MethodsWe enrolled patients with RA at Denver Health (n = 300). Subjects completed the PGA‐VAS in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints and the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire and completed a questionnaire regarding these PGA‐VAS. Subjects also scored remission, mild, moderate, and severe model disease states by VAS. We performed analyses by linear and logistic regression and by using summary statistics. Outcomes included whether subjects found the PGA‐VAS confusing, whether subjects’ responses to the model disease states followed a natural progression (remission <mild <moderate <severe), and whether responses to the remission model would meet Boolean and Simplified Disease Activity Index–based remission criteria.ResultsApproximately 40% of subjects found the PGA‐VAS confusing; lower health literacy and depressive symptoms were associated with finding them confusing. Less than 25% of subjects ranked the model disease states with natural progression and ranked the remission model at the threshold for remission; higher health literacy and income were associated with accomplishing these objectives.ConclusionVulnerable patients perceive difficulty with PGA‐VAS and do not reliably rate a model disease state VAS. These patients are potentially at risk for disease activity misclassification because of literacy and other barriers in completing VAS.
Investigating the Onset of the Strong Coupling Regime by Fine‐Tuning the Rabi Splitting in Multilayer Organic Microcavities
Authors: Tropf Laura , Gather Malte C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGiven the prevalence of disorder in many organic semiconductors, the applicability of simple models to describe their behavior in the strong coupling regime, such as the two‐level coupled oscillator, is not evident. Here, the validity of the two‐level coupled oscillator model and the simple dependence of the coupling strength on the number of absorbers and the electric field is tested experimentally in metal‐clad microcavities containing a disordered film of small molecules. Multilayer microcavities are produced by combining different thin film deposition techniques. These allow for isolating the relevant parameters and thus to confirm the coupling strength is proportional to 1) the square root of the number of absorbers and 2) the amplitude of the electric field. By changing either of these two parameters, the microcavities are shifted from the weak to the strong coupling regime. Moreover, careful analysis reveals that there is a threshold coupling strength for the onset of the Rabi splitting. Two independent investigations show that this threshold is comparable to the losses in the cavities. These results validate the coupled two‐level Hamiltonian for microcavities containing disordered organic semiconductors, even though the assumption of a single exciton level represents a strong simplification for these systems.
High‐Mobility Two‐Dimensional Electron Gas at InGaN/InN Heterointerface Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Xinqiang , Chen Zhaoying , Sun Xiaoxiao , Wang Ping , Zheng Xiantong , Rong Xin , Yang Liuyun , Guo Weiwei , Wang Ding , Cheng Jianpeng , Lin Xi , Li Peng , Li Jun , He Xin , Zhang Qiang , Li Mo , Zhang Jian , Yang Xuelin , Xu Fujun , Ge Weikun , Zhang Xixiang , Shen Bo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDue to the intrinsic spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization effect, III‐nitride semiconductor heterostructures are promising candidates for generating 2D electron gas (2DEG) system. Among III‐nitrides, InN is predicted to be the best conductive‐channel material because its electrons have the smallest effective mass and it exhibits large band offsets at the heterointerface of GaN/InN or AlN/InN. Until now, that prediction has remained theoretical, due to a giant gap between the optimal growth windows of InN and GaN, and the difficult epitaxial growth of InN in general. The experimental realization of 2DEG at an InGaN/InN heterointerface grown by molecular beam epitaxy is reported here. The directly probed electron mobility and the sheet electron density of the InGaN/InN heterostructure are determined by Hall‐effect measurements at room temperature to be 2.29 × 103cm2V−1s−1and 2.14 × 1013cm−2, respectively, including contribution from the InN bottom layer. The Shubnikov–de Haas results at 3 K confirm that the 2DEG has an electron density of 3.30 × 1012cm−2and a quantum mobility of 1.48 × 103cm2V−1s−1. The experimental observations of 2DEG at the InGaN/InN heterointerface have paved the way for fabricating higher‐speed transistors based on an InN channel.
Extraordinary Areal and Volumetric Performance of Flexible Solid‐State Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Highly Conductive Freestanding Ti3C2Tx Films
Authors: Huang Haichao , Su Hai , Zhang Haitao , Xu Ludi , Chu Xiang , Hu Chunfeng , Liu Huan , Chen Ningjun , Liu Fangyan , Deng Wen , Gu Bingni , Zhang Hepeng , Yang Weiqing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractApproaching state‐of‐the‐art areal and volumetric capacitances while maintaining high‐power characteristic is a big challenge that promotes practical application of flexible solid‐state micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs), which have recently attracted great attention with the rapid development of flexible microelectronics. Herein, it is reported that freestanding extrahigh conductive Ti3C2Tx (MXene) films with excellent flexibility and effectively controlled thickness ranging from 1–21 µm performed as excellently scalable and flexible solid‐state MSCs owing to their ultrahigh underlying electrical conductivity (up to 1.25 × 105 S m−1) and self‐functionalized surfaces (O, OH, and F terminations). Amazingly, freestanding conductive Ti3C2Tx based flexible solid‐state MSCs with interdigital electrodes and polyvinyl alcohol/sulfuric acid (PVA/H2SO4) gel electrolyte display outstanding areal capacitances of 340 mF cm−2 at 0.25 mA cm−2 based on the two working electrodes. Moreover, the maximum corresponding volumetric capacitance and energy density of flexible solid‐state MSCs reach up to 183 F cm−3 and 12.4 mWh cm−3, which is on the topmost level among all the unconventional supercapacitors to date. Compared with materials currently used in MSCs, this freestanding conductive Ti3C2Tx shows potential and scalability in increasing overall micro‐supercapacitor performance, which evidently sheds light on promising application of freestanding conductive MXenes for next‐generation flexible, portable, and integrated MSCs.
An Immobilized‐Dirhodium Hollow‐Fiber Flow Reactor for Scalable and Sustainable C−H Functionalization in Continuous Flow
Authors: Yoo Chun‐Jae , Rackl Daniel , Liu Wenbin , Hoyt Caroline B. , Pimentel Brian , Lively Ryan P. , Davies Huw M. L. , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA scalable flow reactor is demonstrated for enantioselective and regioselective rhodium carbene reactions (cyclopropanation and C−H functionalization) by developing cascade reaction methods employing a microfluidic flow reactor system containing immobilized dirhodium catalysts in conjunction with the flow synthesis of diazo compounds. This allows the utilization of the energetic diazo compounds in a safe manner and the recycling of the dirhodium catalysts multiple times. This approach is amenable to application in a bulk‐scale synthesis employing asymmetric C−H functionalization by stacking multiple fibers in one reactor module. The products from this sequential flow–flow reactor are compared with a conventional batch reactor or flow–batch reactor in terms of yield, regioselectivity, and enantioselectivity.
Dry Chemistry of Ferrate(VI): A Solvent‐Free Mechanochemical Way for Versatile Green Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Zhao‐Yang , Ji Deyang , Mao Wenting , Cui Yu , Wang Qing , Han Lu , Zhong Hongliang , Wei Zhongming , Zhao Yixin , Nørgaard Kasper , Li Tao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe +6 oxidation state of iron generally exists in the form of ferrate(VI) with high redox potential and environmentally friendly nature. Although ferrate(VI) has been known for over a century, its chemistry is still limited to the solvent‐based reactions that suffers from the insolubility/instability of this oxidant and the environmental issues caused by hazardous solvents. Herein, we explore the solvent‐free reactivity of ferrate(VI) under mechanical milling, revealing that its strong oxidizing power is accessible in the “dry” solid state towards a broad variety of substrates, for example, aromatic alcohols/aldehydes and carbon nanotubes. More significantly, solvent‐free mechanochemistry also reshapes the oxidizing ability of ferrate(VI) due to the underlying solvent‐free effect and the promotive mechanical actions. This study opens up a new chemistry of ferrate(VI) with promising application in green oxidative transformation of both organic and inorganic substrates.
Vielseitige Mikrostrukturen aus N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen auf Goldoberflächen: Erhöhte thermische und Strukturstabilität mit erhöhter Leitfähigkeit
Authors: Nguyen D. Thao , Freitag Matthias , Körsgen Martin , Lamping Sebastian , Rühling Andreas , Schäfer Andreas H. , Siekman Martin H. , Arlinghaus Heinrich F. , van der Wiel Wilfred G. , Glorius Frank , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStrukturierte Monoschichten aus N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen auf Goldoberflächen wurden durch Mikrokontaktdruck von NHC‐CO2‐Addukten und NHC(H)[HCO3]‐Salzen hergestellt. Die NHC‐modifizierten Bereiche zeigten eine erhöhte Leitfähigkeit im Vergleich zu der nicht modifizierten Goldoberfläche. Darüber hinaus konnte die nicht bedeckte Oberfläche mit einem zweiten, Azid‐funktionalisierten Carben bestückt werden, was weitere Anwendungen und nachträgliche Änderungen nach dem Drucken ermöglichte. Eine gründliche Aufklärung durch eine Vielzahl von Analysemethoden bietet einen umfassenden Nachweis für die Durchführbarkeit der hier vorgestellten Methode. Das Protokoll ermöglicht den einfachen Zugang zu vielseitigen, mikrostrukturierten NHC‐modifizierten Goldoberflächen mit hochstabilen Mustern, erhöhter Leitfähigkeit und der Möglichkeit zur weiteren Modifikation.