bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gesture for generalization: gesture facilitates flexible learning of words for actions on objects
Authors: Wakefield Elizabeth M. , Hall Casey , James Karin H. , Goldin‐Meadow Susan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVerb learning is difficult for children (Gentner, ), partially because children have a bias to associate a novel verb not only with the action it represents, but also with the object on which it is learned (Kersten & Smith, ). Here we investigate how well 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children (N = 48) generalize novel verbs for actions on objects after doing or seeing the action (e.g., twisting a knob on an object) or after doing or seeing a gesture for the action (e.g., twisting in the air near an object). We find not only that children generalize more effectively through gesture experience, but also that this ability to generalize persists after a 24‐hour delay.
A common data language for clinical research studies: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine Cerebral Palsy Common Data Elements Version 1.0 recommendations
Authors: Schiariti Verónica , Fowler Eileen , Brandenburg Joline E , Levey Eric , Mcintyre Sarah , Sukal‐Moulton Theresa , Ramey Sharon L , Rose Jessica , Sienko Susan , Stashinko Elaine , Vogtle Laura , Feldman Robin S , Koenig James I 
Published: March 2018

To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical research studies, cerebral palsy (CP) specific Common Data Elements (CDEs) were developed through a partnership between the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM). International experts reviewed existing NINDS CDEs and tools used in studies of children and young people with CP. CDEs were compiled, subjected to internal review, and posted online for external public comment in September 2016. Guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework, CDEs were categorized into six domains: (1) participant characteristics; (2) health, growth, and genetics; (3) neuroimaging; (4) neuromotor skills and functional assessments; (5) neurocognitive, social, and emotional assessments; and (6) engagement and quality of life. Version 1.0 of the NINDS/AACPDM CDEs for CP is publicly available on the NINDS CDE and AACPDM websites. Global use of CDEs for CP will standardize data collection, improve data quality, and facilitate comparisons across studies. Ongoing collaboration with international colleagues, industry, and people with CP and their families will provide meaningful feedback and updates as additional evidence is obtained. These CDEs are recommended for NINDS‐funded research for CP.What this paper adds

This is the first comprehensive Common Data Elements (CDEs) for children and young people with CP for clinical research.

The CDEs for children and young people with CP include common definitions, the standardization of case report forms, and measures.

The CDE guides the standardization for data collection and outcome evaluation in all types of studies with children and young people with CP.

The CDE ultimately improves data quality and data sharing.
The Test of Infant Motor Performance at 3 months predicts language, cognitive, and motor outcomes in infants born preterm at 2 years of age
Authors: Peyton Colleen , Schreiber Michael D , Msall Michael E 
Published: March 2018

AimTo determine the relationship between the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) at 3 months and cognitive, language, and motor outcomes on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III) at 2 years of age in high‐risk infants born preterm.MethodOne hundred and six infants (47 females, 59 males) born at earlier than 31 weeks gestational age were prospectively tested with the TIMP at 10 to 15 weeks after term age and were assessed again with the Bayley‐III at 2 years corrected age. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for various cut points of the TIMP z‐score and Bayley‐III composite scores of no more than 85.ResultsThe TIMP z‐scores at 10 to 15 weeks of age were significantly associated with all three subscales on the Bayley‐III at 2 years of age (p<0.001). Using a TIMP z‐score cutoff of −0.5, specificity was relatively high for cognitive (87%), language (88%), and motor (89%) outcomes, but sensitivity was low (cognitive 41%, language 49%, motor 57%).InterpretationThis study demonstrates that the TIMP is related to cognitive, language, and motor outcomes on the Bayley‐III at 2 years of age in high‐risk infants born preterm.What this paper adds

The Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) predicts Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition outcomes at 2 years of age.

The TIMP is relatively good at discriminating between children who will and will not have typical development.
Mid‐term development of hamstring tendon length and velocity after distal femoral extension osteotomy in children with bilateral cerebral palsy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Salami Firooz , Wagner Julia , van Drongelen Stefan , Klotz Matthias C M , Dreher Thomas , Wolf Sebastian I , Niklasch Mirjam 
Published: March 2018

AimFlexed knee gait can be treated with distal femoral extension osteotomy (DFEO) and additional patellar tendon advancement (PTA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study assesses changes in hamstring muscle tendon length (MTL) and velocity after DFEO (+PTA).MethodNineteen children (mean age 13y [standard deviation 3y] at surgery) with CP and flexed knee gait who were treated with DFEO (15 limbs) or DFEO+PTA (10 limbs) were retrospectively included in this study. Gait analyses were performed preoperatively (E0), 1 year postoperatively (E1), and for 10 limbs additionally 2 to 5 years postoperatively (E2). Hamstring MTL and velocities were assessed at all examination dates using OpenSim.ResultsHamstring MTL and velocity did not change significantly over time. From E0 to E1, knee flexion in stance improved for both DFEO and DFEO+PTA (p<0.05), knee flexion in swing only improved after DFEO+PTA (p<0.05). The improved knee flexion in stance and swing was maintained at E2.InterpretationDFEO led to a significant improvement in knee kinematics at E1 which was maintained at E2. DFEO seems to prevent recurrent hamstring tightness but does not lead to lengthened or fastened hamstrings.What this paper adds

Distal femoral extension osteotomy (DFEO) does not change hamstring muscle tendon length.

DFEO does not change hamstring lengthening velocity.

DFEO leads to a significant improvement in knee kinematics.

Changes in knee kinematics after DFEO can be maintained at mid‐term.

DFEO seems to prevent recurrent hamstring tightness.
Newly released non‐native dung beetle species provide enhanced ecosystem services in New Zealand pastures
Authors: Forgie Shaun A. , Paynter Quentin , Zhao Zeng , Flowers Christine , Fowler Simon V. 
Published: March 2018

1. Whether the release of non‐native insect species benefits or harms ecosystem services has been the subject of debate. In New Zealand, the release of new non‐native dung beetle species was intended to enhance ecosystem services but concerns were raised over possible negative effects.2. Field cage trials used three newly released dung beetle species to investigate two concerns: that soil disturbance from dung beetle activity increases soil losses in runoff after rainfall; and that dung burial increases survival of infective parasitic nematodes on pasture.3. Three treatments – dung + beetles, dung‐only, and controls (without dung or beetles) – were applied on each of three soil types with different permeability: sandy loam, clay loam, and compacted clay.4. Dung beetle activity resulted in significant reductions of 49% and 81% in mean surface runoff volume, depending on simulated rainfall intensity. Amounts of sediment in the runoff did not change under an extreme rainfall simulation, but in a less extreme rainfall simulation the presence of dung beetles resulted in a 97% reduction in mean sediment amount in runoff.5. The numbers of infective third‐stage nematode larvae recovered from foliage varied considerably between soil types and through time; however, dung beetle activity reduced overall mean nematode numbers on grass around the dung pats by 71%.6. This study adds to global evidence that dung beetles can improve agricultural ecosystem services by providing data on services that have rarely been investigated: reduced runoff/soil losses through increased soil porosity, and reductions in parasitic nematodes.
Screening for psychosis risk among help‐seeking adolescents: Application of the Italian version of the 16‐item prodromal questionnaire (iPQ‐16) in child and adolescent neuropsychiatry services
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Azzali Silvia , Paterlini Federica , Garlassi Sara , Scazza Ilaria , Chiri Luigi Rocco , Poletti Michele , Pupo Simona , Raballo Andrea 
Published: March 2018

AimThe 16‐item Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ‐16) is a versatile screen tool for routine screening of at‐risk individuals. We wished to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the PQ‐16 (iPQ‐16) in a sample of 72 help‐seeking adolescents (age range 13‐17 years) referred to child and adolescent neuropsychiatry services for diagnostic assessment.MethodsParticipants who completed iPQ‐16 were subsequently interviewed with the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS) to confirm the psychosis high risk state. We then examined the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values [PPV e NPV]) and concurrent validity between iPQ‐16 and CAARMS using Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's kappa. We also tested the validity of the adopted iPQ‐16 cut‐offs through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves plotted against CAARMS diagnoses and the 1‐year predictive validity of the iPQ‐16.ResultsOverall, the psychometric properties of the iPQ‐16 were satisfactory. The iPQ‐16 showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .827) and acceptable diagnostic accuracy (77% sensitivity, 72% PPV) and concurrent validity (Cohen's k = 0.309). ROC analyses pointed to iPQ‐16 total distress score of ≥10 as best cut‐off.ConclusionThe iPQ‐16 is a reliable and valid instrument for routine screening of at‐risk individuals in Italian neuropsychiatry services.
Low response rate to ATG‐based immunosuppressive therapy in very severe aplastic anaemia — A Swedish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Vaht Krista , Göransson Magnus , Carlson Kristina , Isaksson Cecilia , Lenhoff Stig , Sandstedt Anna , Uggla Bertil , Winiarski Jacek , Ljungman Per , Brune Mats , Andersson Per‐Ola 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesAntithymocyte globulin (ATG)‐based immunosuppression remains a cornerstone in aplastic anaemia (AA) treatment. However, most ATG studies are not population‐based and knowledge about real‐world results concerning response and outcome could offer important information for treating physicians.MethodsWe have recently performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study on all AA patients diagnosed in Sweden in 2000–2011 and now present treatment and outcome data on patients receiving first‐line ATG.In total, 158 patients showed a 47.0% response rate which was similar in all age groups (range 41.5%‐51.7%) with no difference regarding ATG formulation. The response was significantly associated with severity grade—especially at time of treatment initiation: very severe (VSAA) 22.7%; severe (SAA) 54.5% (P < .001); and non‐severe 88.5% (P < .001). A logistic regression‐based predictive model indicated that VSAA patients with an absolute reticulocyte count <25 × 109/L had only a 19% probability of response. In a multivariable analysis, age and VSAA at the time of treatment were the independent factors for inferior survival.ConclusionsReal‐world VSAA patients respond poorly to ATG which indicates the need for a different treatment approach. Our findings suggest that age alone should not be a discriminating factor for administering ATG treatment.
Hepcidin regulation in a mouse model of acute hypoxia
Authors: Ravasi Giulia , Pelucchi Sara , Buoli Comani Gaia , Greni Federico , Mariani Raffaella , Pelloni Irene , Bombelli Silvia , Perego Roberto , Barisani Donatella , Piperno Alberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveDuring hypoxia, hepcidin expression is inhibited to allow iron mobilization to sustain erythropoietic expansion. We analyzed molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia‐induced hepcidin inhibition in an in vivo model of acute hypoxia.MethodsMice were kept under normal or hypoxic conditions for 6 hours and 15 hours and treated with α‐PDGF‐BB antibody or PDGF‐BB receptor inhibitor. Blood, liver, spleen, and bone marrow were collected to extract RNA and protein or to quantify EPO and PDGF‐BB. mRNA and protein levels were assessed by RT‐PCR and Western blot.ResultsHepcidin was strongly inhibited at 15 hours, and this downregulation followed erythropoiesis activation and upregulation of several growth factors. PDGF‐BB, erythroferrone, GDF15, and TWSG1 were upregulated by hypoxia in the bone marrow, but not in spleen or liver. Inactivation of PDGF‐BB or its receptor suppressed the hypoxia‐induced hepcidin inhibition.ConclusionSpleen and liver are not involved in the early stages of hypoxia‐induced hepcidin downregulation. Our data support the role of PDGF‐BB and probably also of erythroferrone in the recruitment of iron for erythropoiesis in the hypoxia setting. The rapid normalization of all the erythroid factors against persistent hepcidin suppression suggests that other signals are involved that should be clarified in future studies.
Land cover change and management implications for the conservation of a seabird in an urban coastal zone under climate change
Authors: Rastandeh Amin , Pedersen Zari Maibritt , Brown Daniel K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryLittle Penguin (Eudyptula minor) is one of the most ecologically important seabirds in New Zealand and depends strongly on terrestrial ecosystems for nesting, moulting and breeding. Wellington, New Zealand, is one of the world's most important biodiversity hot spots for this species, mostly in confluence with human urban settlements. This species is currently suffering from the local impacts of climate change associated with urbanisation. Two suburbs of Wellington, New Zealand, that are used seasonally by Little Penguin as terrestrial habitat were selected as the study area to address two issues: (i) how local impacts of climate change may affect the population and habitat structure of species in urban coastal zones where land cover change occurs; and (ii) how landscape management practices may help to mitigate the impacts imposed by climate change on the species in such a context. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems techniques were applied to quantify and measure the extent of the prehuman forests and current land cover classes in the study area to reveal the degree to which land cover has changed from predevelopment to the present time. The research shows that land cover change in the study area has been widespread and partly irreversible, particularly in areas covered by the class Built‐up Area. Results reveal that there are still spatial opportunities to safeguard this vulnerable species against the ill effects of climate change through landscape management practices.
Management across boundaries: A municipal dilemma
Authors: Thomasson Anna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPublic sector mergers have the potential of being viable alternative to other public sector reforms in the striving toward making public service provision more equipped to confront some of the challenges faced today. Mergers however often fail to deliver promised results. Previous research point to the importance of post‐merger integrating processes for realizing the synergies expected from mergers. However, so far these studies have focused on what occurs inside organizations and less on the interplay between different levels. By adopting a governance and top management perspective, this study increases our understanding of the importance of political decisions on the outcome of a merger in the public sector context. Further, this study increases our understanding of how organizational boundaries on different levels of merging organizations influence post‐merger integrating processes and the role of different actors as boundary spanners. The results of this study are based on five case studies of public sector mergers at the local level in Sweden.
Compositional and functional consequences of environmental change in Belgian farmland ponds
Authors: Verbeek Laura , Vanhamel Matthias , van den Berg Edwin , Hanashiro Fabio T. T. , Gianuca Andros T. , Striebel Maren , Lemmens Pieter , Declerck Steven A. J. , Hillebrand Helmut , De Meester Luc 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

A resampling of 38 small farmland ponds in Belgium after 10 years revealed a high temporal species turnover for both phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, associated with substantial changes in abiotic factors, especially a reduction in total phosphorus concentration.

Across ponds, phytoplankton biomass decreased while evenness and richness increased between the samplings in 2003 and 2013. By contrast, the zooplankton assemblage was characterised by lower biomass, richness and evenness in 2013. Ponds experiencing larger environmental change showed stronger changes in phytoplankton richness and evenness.

Resource use efficiency (RUE) of zooplankton increased with greater environmental change and zooplankton evenness, which points to a switch towards species with higher RUE or greater variety in food sources in higher trophic levels.

As ponds are important habitats for freshwater biodiversity and ecosystems services, the strong but predictable species turnover and the opposing effects of environmental change on different trophic levels need to be embedded in conservation and management plans.
Does the severity of non‐flow periods influence ecosystem structure and function of temporary streams? A mesocosm study
Authors: Muñoz Isabel , Abril Meritxell , Casas‐Ruiz Joan Pere , Casellas Maria , Gómez‐Gener Lluís , Marcé Rafael , Menéndez Margarita , Obrador Biel , Sabater Sergi , von Schiller Daniel , Acuña Vicenç 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Global change is dramatically altering flow regimes worldwide. Among the most important consequences are the transition of many permanent waterways to temporary waterways, the increase in duration and frequency of non‐flow periods of temporary streams, and the increase in the severity (i.e. irradiance, temperature and humidity) of the non‐flow period. Nowadays, there is a lack of knowledge on how changes in duration, frequency and severity of the non‐flow period will reflect on biodiversity and biogeochemical changes in temporary streams.

We designed a manipulative experiment using artificial streams to evaluate the effects of severity of the non‐flow period on stream biofilms. Sixteen artificial streams were assigned to four treatments: continuous flow, continuous intermittency and intermittency with and without rain events. Effects were assessed on selected features of stream biofilm structure (i.e. bacterial density and basal fluorescence) and function (photosynthetic efficiency and enzymatic activities), as well as CO2 emissions and dissolved organic matter quantity and quality from water column and sediments.

The occurrence of rain events during the non‐flow period enhanced organic carbon processing and CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, reducing the sediment reservoir of exportable organic carbon and therefore reducing the dissolved organic carbon exports from streambeds at flow resumption. Given the ongoing reducing trends in the frequency of rain events in semi‐arid and arid regions, we expect temporary streams to process and emit less and to export more carbon to downstream systems.
A 120‐year record of resilience to environmental change in brachiopods
Authors: Cross Emma L. , Harper Elizabeth M. , Peck Lloyd S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe inability of organisms to cope in changing environments poses a major threat to their survival. Rising carbon dioxide concentrations, recently exceeding 400 μatm, are rapidly warming and acidifying our oceans. Current understanding of organism responses to this environmental phenomenon is based mainly on relatively short‐ to medium‐term laboratory and field experiments, which cannot evaluate the potential for long‐term acclimation and adaptation, the processes identified as most important to confer resistance. Here, we present data from a novel approach that assesses responses over a centennial timescale showing remarkable resilience to change in a species predicted to be vulnerable. Utilising museum collections allows the assessment of how organisms have coped with past environmental change. It also provides a historical reference for future climate change responses. We evaluated a unique specimen collection of a single species of brachiopod (Calloria inconspicua) collected every decade from 1900 to 2014 from one sampling site. The majority of brachiopod shell characteristics remained unchanged over the past century. One response, however, appears to reinforce their shell by constructing narrower punctae (shell perforations) and laying down more shell. This study indicates one of the most calcium‐carbonate‐dependent species globally to be highly resilient to environmental change over the last 120 years and provides a new insight for how similar species might react and possibly adapt to future change.
Generational Differences in Trip Timing and Purpose: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Newbold K. Bruce , Scott Darren M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent anecdotal evidence suggests that millennials (individuals born following Generation X and between the early 1980s and early 2000s) are characterized by different travel behavior characteristics, including being less likely to have a valid driver's license and less likely to drive than their older counterparts. The old, conversely, represent a rapidly growing segment of the Canadian population that have grown up with the personal automobile and are dependent on it. But are there differences in trip purpose and timing between different generational cohorts? Using data from Statistics Canada's 2010 General Social Survey “Time Use” cycle, this paper evaluates the purpose and timing of trips across generational cohorts, with the paper distinguishing between millennials, generation X, baby boomers, and the greatest generation. Descriptive statistics are used to characterize the purpose and timing of trips, and multivariate analyses of peak versus non‐peak departure‐time models offers insights into the differences and similarities across cohorts. Findings suggest that the timing of travel, along with reasons for travel, are broadly similar across the generations.