bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensified Electrocatalytic CO2 Conversion in Pressure‐Tunable CO2‐Expanded Electrolytes
Authors: Shaughnessy Charles I. , Sconyers David J. , Kerr Tyler A. , Lee Hyun‐Jin , Subramaniam Bala , Leonard Kevin C. , Blakemore James D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMultimolar CO2 concentrations are achieved in acetonitrile solutions containing supporting electrolyte at relatively mild CO2 pressures (<5 MPa) and ambient temperature. Such CO2‐rich, electrolyte‐containing solutions are termed as CO2‐eXpanded Electrolytes (CXEs) because significant volumetric expansion of the liquid phase accompanies CO2 dissolution. Cathodic polarization of a model polycrystalline gold electrode‐catalyst in CXE media enhances CO2 to CO conversion rates by up to an order of magnitude compared with those attainable at near‐ambient pressures, without loss of selectivity. The observed catalytic process intensification stems primarily from markedly increased CO2 availability. However, a non‐monotonic correlation between the dissolved CO2 concentration and catalytic activity is observed, with an optimum occurring at approximately 5 m CO2 concentration. At the highest applied CO2 pressures, catalysis is significantly attenuated despite higher CO2 concentrations and improved mass‐transport characteristics, attributed in part to increased solution resistance. These results reveal that pressure‐tunable CXE media can significantly intensify CO2 reduction rates over known electrocatalysts by alleviating substrate starvation, with CO2 pressure as a crucial variable for optimizing the efficiency of electrocatalytic CO2 conversion.
Sustainable Non‐Thermal Plasma‐Assisted Nitrogen Fixation—Synergistic Catalysis
Authors: Peng Peng , Schiappacasse Charles , Zhou Nan , Addy Min , Cheng Yanling , Zhang Yaning , Ding Kuan , Wang Yunpu , Chen Paul , Ruan Roger 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this Minireview, the multiple chemical synergies present in catalytic non‐thermal plasma‐assisted nitrogen fixation (NTPNF) are uncovered through a critical exploration of the underlying mechanisms, during which the catalyst, plasma, and reactants play different roles. For the gas‐phase NTPNF, the synergies consist of different aspects of the catalytic pathways such as electron‐impact dissociation; Zeldovich mechanism in the PNO interactions; and Eley–Rideal, Langmuir–Hinshelwood, surface adsorption, and diffusion mechanisms for the plasma–catalyst interactions. The synergies within the gas–liquid NTPNF involve contributions of plasma and UV excitation to the gas‐phase reactions and the UV excitation of molecules at the liquid–surface interface, which improves synthesis of aqueous nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium products. Based on the various synergistic mechanisms during NTPNF, future potential applications are proposed for how NTPNF could benefit the sustainable nitrogen fixation industry.
Residual eating disorder symptoms and clinical features in remitted and recovered eating disorder patients: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Tomba Elena , Tecuta Lucia , Crocetti Elisabetta , Squarcio Fabio , Tomei Giuliano 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn psychiatry, the presence of residual symptoms after treatment is linked to the definitions of remission and recovery. To identify the presence of residual eating disorder (ED) symptoms and associated non‐ED clinical features in remitted and recovered EDs, the current systematic review with meta‐analysis was performed.MethodA systematic review was conducted on residual ED symptoms and non‐ED clinical features including comorbid psychopathology, neurophysiological functioning, cognitive functioning, and quality of life in ED patients considered remitted or recovered. To examine residual ED symptoms, meta‐analyses were performed while considering age, study quality, remission, and recovery criteria strictness as moderators. Sensitivity, publication bias, and heterogeneity analyses were also conducted.ResultsThe 64 studies selected for the systematic review underscored the presence of residual ED symptoms in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), and impairments and deficits in the additional features examined. From the 64 studies, 31 were selected regarding residual ED symptoms in AN for meta‐analysis. Large effect sizes indicated that remitted/recovered AN patients reported significantly lower body mass index (Hedges' g = −0.62[−0.77, −0.46]) and significantly greater symptomatology in terms of ED examination‐questionnaire (Hedges'g = 0.86 [0.48,1.23]) and ED inventory (Hedges' g = 0.94[0.64,1.24]) than healthy controls, independently of remission and recovery criteria strictness, age, and study quality.DiscussionThe presence of residual ED symptoms in AN is quantitatively supported, whereas the presence of residual ED symptoms in BN should be further investigated. Data on binge‐eating disorder are missing. Future research should use consistent, multicomponent, and standardized comparable indicators of recovery.
Opposite effects of winter day and night temperature changes on early phenophases
Authors: Meng Fandong , Zhang Lirong , Zhang Zhenhua , Jiang Lili , Wang Yanfen , Duan Jichuang , Wang Qi , Li Bowen , Liu Peipei , Hong Huan , Lv Wangwang , Renzeng Wangmu , Wang Zhezhen , Luo Caiyun , Dorji Tsechoe , Zhou Huakun , Du Mingyuan , Wang Shiping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChanges in day (maximum temperature, TMAX) and night temperature (minimum temperature, TMIN) in the preseason (e.g., winter and spring) may have opposite effects on early phenophases (e.g., leafing and flowering) due to changing requirements of chilling accumulations (CAC) and heating accumulations (HAC), which could cause advance, delay or no change in early phenophases. However, their relative effects on phenology are largely unexplored, especially on the Tibetan Plateau. Here, observations were performed using a warming and cooling experiment in situ through reciprocal transplantation (2008–2010) on the Tibetan Plateau. We found that winter minimum temperature (TMIN) warming significantly delayed mean early phenophases by 8.60 d/°C, but winter maximum temperature (TMAX) warming advanced them by 12.06 d/°C across six common species. Thus, winter mean temperature warming resulted in a net advance of 3.46 d/°C in early phenophases. In contrast, winter TMIN cooling, on average, significantly advanced early phenophases by 5.12 d/°C, but winter TMAX cooling delayed them by 7.40 d/°C across six common species, resulting in a net delay of 2.28 d/°C for winter mean temperature cooling. The opposing effects of TMAX and TMIN warming on the early phenophases may be mainly caused by decreased CAC due to TMIN warming (5.29 times greater than TMAX) and increased HAC due to TMAX warming (3.25 times greater than TMIN), and similar processes apply to TMAX and TMIN cooling. Therefore, our study provides another insight into why some plant phenophases remain unchanged or delayed under climate change.
Species interactions affect the spread of vector‐borne plant pathogens independent of transmission mode
Authors: Crowder David W. , Li Jing , Borer Elizabeth T. , Finke Deborah L. , Sharon Rakefet , Pattemore David E. , Medlock Jan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWithin food webs, vectors of plant pathogens interact with individuals of other species across multiple trophic levels, including predators, competitors, and mutualists. These interactions may in turn affect vector‐borne pathogens by altering vector fitness and behavior. Predators, for example, consume vectors and reduce their abundance, but often spur movement of vectors as they seek to avoid predation. However, a general framework to predict how species interactions affect vectors of plant pathogens, and the resulting spread of vector‐borne pathogens, is lacking. Here we developed a mathematical model to assess whether interactions such as predation, competition, and mutualism affected the spread of vector‐borne plant pathogens with nonpersistent or persistent transmission modes. We considered transmission mode because interactions affecting vector–host encounter rates were expected to most strongly affect nonpersistent pathogens that are transmitted with short feeding bouts; interactions that affect vector feeding duration were expected to most strongly affect persistent pathogens that require long feeding bouts for transmission. Our results show that interactions that affected vector behavior (feeding duration, vector–host encounter rates) substantially altered rates of spread for vector‐borne plant pathogens, whereas those affecting vector fitness (births, deaths) had relatively small effects. These effects of species interactions were largely independent of transmission mode, except when interactions affected vector–host encounter rates, where effects were strongest for nonpersistent pathogens. Our results suggest that a better understanding of how vectors interact with other species within food webs could enhance our understanding of disease ecology.
A simplified DNA extraction protocol for unsorted bulk arthropod samples that maintains exoskeletal integrity
Authors: Nielsen Martin , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Pape Thomas , Bohmann Kristine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh‐throughput DNA sequencing offers an efficient tool for assessing the taxonomic content of bulk arthropod samples. Many current DNA extraction protocols however require extensive handling of samples, like specimen‐based DNA extractions, or sorting of samples and are thus unsuitable for large scale studies. Furthermore, protocols often include homogenization and thus imply partial or complete destruction of the sample constituents. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate steps related both to sample pre‐processing and DNA extraction of unsorted bulk arthropod samples and explore possibilities for simplifying sample processing and thus increase sample handling efficiency without losing taxonomic information. Using mock bulk arthropod samples, we compare laboratory steps related to DNA extraction and semi‐automatic handling. Specifically, we (a) assess whether aliquots of digest buffer from bulk arthropod samples adequately describe the community composition; (b) compare a non‐destructive and a destructive DNA extraction method; (c) compare a phenol/chloroform inhibitor removal method with the exclusion of the same; and (d) compare manual purification to automated DNA purification on a QIAcube laboratory robot. Using DNA metabarcoding and mock bulk arthropod samples, we show that it is possible to efficiently process unsorted arthropod bulk samples with a non‐destructive DNA extraction approach. We found that homogenizing samples yielded more DNA but also generally produced more inconsistent results when compared to non‐destructive extraction. When assessing the recovered taxonomic content of samples (operational taxonomic units, OTUs), intact samples performed at least comparable to, if not better, than homogenized samples. Additionally, we show that sample processing can be further simplified from using a defined volume of digest, no phenol/chloroform purification and automated DNA purification. This approach can be a way to process hundreds of unsorted bulk samples effectively, consistently and with a minimum loss of valuable morphologic information.
Long Term Egg Yolk Consumption Alters Lipid Metabolism and Attenuates Hyperlipidemia in Mice Fed a High‐Fat Diet Based on Lipidomics Analysis
Authors: Yu Zhihui , Wang Ning , Ahn Dong U. , Ma Meihu 
Published: June 2019

Studies on the association between egg yolk (EY) consumption and obesity are limited and the involved mechanism still needs to be further explored. In this study, the effects of EY consumption under normal and high fat diets on mice based on lipidomics approach is compared. A total of 893 and 925 individual lipid species are determined in serum and liver, respectively. The results reveal that EY can alleviate the hyperlipidemia in HFD‐induced obese mice by increasing serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and neutral glycerolipid, hepatic fatty acids (FAs), and the size of adipose tissue cells. OPLS‐DA and S‐plots show that 29 lipid biomarkers in serum, mainly including phosphatidylcholine (PC), triglyceride (TG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI), and 44 lipid biomarkers in liver including TG, lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE) are related to obesity caused by HFD. In addition, the regulation of EY on lipid disorders is mainly related to the decreases in serum TG and PC, and hepatic fatty acids (FAs), TG and diacylglycerol (DG), which is closely associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism. These findings suggest that long‐term treatment of EY consumption may not increase NAFLD risk factors in normal diet‐fed mice, further improving the hyperlipidemia in HFD‐induced mice.Practical Applications: This study investigates the overall effects of EY on normal and high‐fat diet by lipidomic analysis. It is concluded that the intake of EY can improve the hyperlipidemia in HFD‐induced obese mice by improving glycerophospholipid metabolism. These results facilitate to comprehensively evaluate the nutrition of EY and help elucidate the favorable effect of eggs.The flow chart of the egg yolk nutritional evaluation based on 100‐d mice experiment. The lipid profiles in serum and liver are further investigated using UPLC‐MS/MS method to elucidate its favorable effect on lipid metabolism.
Amplified Electrochemical Response of Phenol by Oxygenation of Tyrosinase Coupling with Electrochemical‐chemical‐chemical Redox Cycle
Authors: Guo Liping , Du Hui , Zhao Huiying , Li Jian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, an novel electrochemical‐chemical‐chemical (ECC) redox cycle was designed in an enzyme‐based sensor for acquiring additional signal amplification. The tyrosinase (Tyr) was entrapped in a sulfonated polyaniline−chitosan (SPAN−CS) composite which was used as a redox capacitor on a glass carbon electrode. Firstly, the substrate, phenol was catalyzed to catechol and further catalyzed to o‐benzoquinone by Tyr. Next, in the presence of Ru(NH3)6Cl2, the reduced state of SPAN(SPANred) was reacted with o‐benzoquinone to form it's oxidized state (SPANox) and catechol, then SPANox was reduced back to SPANred by Ru(II) in the solution. Finally, the amplified anodic current of catechol was obtained on electrode through above ECC redox cycle system. In addition, the ECC redox cycling led to a high signal‐to‐background ratio. The voltammetric response showed excellent analytical performance to phenol over two linear range of 3.5 to 200.0 nmol L−1 and 200.0 to 2000.0 nmol L−1 with a high sensitivity of 2204 μA mM−1. The detection limit was obtained to be 0.8 nmol L−1 (S/N=3). Furthermore, the proposed approach exhibited good repeatability, stability and specificity, and could offer practicality in the detection of phenol in tap water.
The new Micro‐set for Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Cobalt Traces in Aqueous Media
Authors: Ochab Mateusz , Gęca Iwona , Korolczuk Mieczyslaw 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article the first reports on a fabrication and application of an electrochemical three electrode micro‐set containing: in situ plated lead film on carbon fiber working microelectrode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a platinum wire counter electrode placed in one casing for simultaneous Ni(II) and Co(II) traces determination by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SW AdSV). Ni(II) and Co(II) in forms of their complexes with nioxime were accumulated on the lead film plated on a carbon fibers microelectrode during standard procedure of measurement. Thanks to the fact that measurements were performed in micro‐vessel of a volume of 200 μl small amounts of reagents were used to prepare samples for measurements. In addition, because of the use of microelectrode, sample solutions were not mixed during accumulation step of measurements. This fact creates the possibility of conducting fields analysis. The experimental parameters (composition of the supporting electrolyte, potential and time of accumulation) and possible interference effects were investigated. The linear calibration graphs for Ni(II) and Co(II) were in the range from 2×10−9 to 1×10−7 mol L−1 and from 2×10−10 to 1×10−8 mol L−1 for Ni(II) and Co(II), respectively. The correctness of the proposed method was checked by determining Ni(II) and Co(II) in the certified reference material (SPS‐SW1) with satisfactory results.
Optimal operation of the combined heat and power system equipped with power‐to‐heat devices for the improvement of wind energy utilization
Authors: Yu Yanjuan , Chen Hongkun , Chen Lei , Chen Cheng , Wu Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe combined heat and power system (CHPS) is one important type of the integrated energy system in Northern China. Compared with the independently operated power system, the combined heat and power system (CHPS) has a great potential to improve the utilization of wind energy in virtue of the energy storage of the heating system and power‐to‐heat (P2H) devices. This paper studies the optimal operation of the CHPS equipped with the electric boiler (EB) and heat pump (HP). Comprehensive factors are considered, including P2H conversion, the thermal inertia of district heating network (DHN) and buildings, and adjustable heat loads. An equivalent model of the heating system is developed to express the direct mathematical relations between the heat source and heat loads. Redundant details of the DHN are simplified to reduce the complexity of the optimization problem. Furthermore, a self‐repair method incorporated with the real‐coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) is proposed to efficiently handle the nonlinear constraints. The effectiveness of the solving method is verified in case studies. The impacts of the EB and the HP on the CHPS are compared in details. The results show that the HP offers better performance than the EB on coal saving and improving wind power integration.
Sustainable Surface Engineering of Lignocellulose and Cellulose by Synergistic Combination of Metal‐Free Catalysis and Polyelectrolyte Complexes
Authors: Alimohammadzadeh Rana , Osong Sinke H. , Rafi Abdolrahim A. , Dahlström Christina , Cordova Armando 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA sustainable strategy for synergistic surface engineering of lignocellulose and cellulose fibers derived from wood by synergistic combination of metal‐free catalysis and renewable polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes is disclosed. The strategy allows for improvement and introduction of important properties such as strength, water resistance, and fluorescence to the renewable fibers and cellulosic materials. For example, the “green” surface engineering significantly increases the strength properties (up to 100% in Z‐strength) of chemi‐thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) and bleached sulphite pulp (BSP)‐derived sheets. Next, performing an organocatalytic silylation with a nontoxic organic acid makes the corresponding lignocellulose and cellulose sheets hydrophobic. A selective color modification of polysaccharides is developed by combining metal‐free catalysis and thiol‐ene click chemistry. Next, fluorescent PE complexes based on cationic starch (CS) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) are prepared and used for modification of CTMP or BSP in the presence of a metal‐free catalyst. Laser‐scanning confocal microscopy reveals that the PE‐strength additive is evenly distributed on the CTMP and heterogeneously on the BSP. The fluorescent CS distribution on the CTMP follows the lignin distribution of the lignocellulosic fibers.
The impact of climate change on water fluxes in a Macaronesian cloud forest
Authors: Ritter Axel , Regalado Carlos M. , Guerra Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFog phenomena and their associated meteorological variables were continuously monitored during 4 years in an evergreen laurisilva cloud forest of the Anaga Massif Biosphere Reserve (Tenerife, Canary Islands), in order to establish its current dynamics. Fog was more frequent during night through early morning and in the afternoon, and particularly from May until September, coincidental with a frequent immersion of the 1025 m a.s.l. experimental site in the cloud layer of wind‐driven stratocumulus. The concomitant meteorological conditions during different fog regimes, characterized according to visibility (Ω) ranges, were compared with those when fog was absent. The presence of fog was associated with a significant reduction in global solar radiation, Rg, increased wind speed, and lower and more stable ambient temperatures. The foggy versus fog‐free hourly medians of Rg were found to be linearly related, whereas the proportion of median Rg reduction due to fog varied logarithmically with Ω. However, foggy versus fog‐free extreme values of the hourly Rg distributions departed from such a linear trend. By contrast, hourly temperatures during foggy versus fog‐free periods behaved linearly for most of the Ω range, except for very dense fog, Ω ≤ 100 m. Transpiration of the canopy, intermittently wetted due to interception of both rain and fog water droplets, was determined by quantifying the water balance at leaf scale with a mathematical model for the two representative hypostomatous species present at the site: the arboreal shrub Erica platycodon, with needle‐like leaves, and the laurophyll tree Myrica faya. Both tree transpiration and evaporation of the intercepted fog water were predictively higher during summer. By contrast, transpiration was reduced during February, in agreement with a 1 year period of sap velocity measurements, and was not appreciably affected by soil moisture content. The consequences of an anticipated downward shift of the stratocumulus cloud layer and of various projected Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios in the Macaronesian area were simulated, yielding in all cases a significant rise in transpiration for both species. Particularly, the simulated RCPs scenarios implied 29%–73% increments in transpiration from the actual values. Because fog is concomitant with lower temperatures and vapour pressure deficit, the modification of its current distribution as a consequence of climate change may have a direct effect on such associated meteorological variables, and therefore a meaningful impact in the water relations of the laurel cloud forests.
Long noncoding RNA NORAD regulates cancer cell proliferation and migration in human osteosarcoma by endogenously competing with miR‐199a‐3p
Authors: Wang Xuming , Zou Jilong , Chen Hongjun , Zhang Peng , Lu Zhiyuan , You Zhitao , Sun Jiabing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the expressions and functions of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), Noncoding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) in human osteosarcoma. NORAD expressions were evaluated by qRT‐PCR in in vitro osteosarcoma cell lines and in vivo clinical specimens. SiRNA‐induced NORAD downregulation was conducted in Saos‐2 and 143B cells, and the functional effects of NORAD downregulation on osteosarcoma cells were evaluated by CCK‐8 proliferation assay, 24‐well transwell invasion assay and in vivo tumor explant assay, respectively. The possibility of NORAD endogenously competing microRNA target, hsa‐miR‐199a‐3p was examined by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and qRT‐PCR. Then, hsa‐miR‐199a‐3p was downregulated in NORAD‐inhibited osteosarcoma cells to examine its role in regulating NORAD inhibition induced cancer suppression in osteosarcoma cells. NORAD was found to be significantly overexpressed in both osteosarcoma cells and osteosarcoma tumors. In Saos‐2 and 143B cells transfected with NORAD‐specific siRNA, their proliferation, invasion, and in vivo explant growth were all markedly suppressed. Hsa‐miR‐199a‐3p was confirmed to be the competing target of NORAD. Its downregulation in Saos‐2 and 143B cells inversely augment proliferation and invasion that were initially suppressed by NORAD‐downregulation. The results of our study show that NORAD plays an important role in regulating cancer cell functions of osteosarcoma, possibly through endogenously competing with hsa‐miR‐199a‐3p.