bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portal vein stenosis preconditioning of living donor liver in swine: early mechanisms of liver regeneration and gain of hepatic functional mass
Authors: Brige Pauline , Hery Geraldine , Palen Anais , Guilbaud Théophile , Buffat Christophe , Moyon Anais , Hardwigsen Jean , Guedj Eric , Guillet Benjamin , Vidal Vincent , Gorincour Guillaume , Chopinet Sophie , Gregoire Emilie 
Published: February 2018

To reduce the morbidity and mortality risk for the donor in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), we previously identified 20% left portal vein (LPV) stenosis as an effective preconditioning method to induce cell proliferation in the contralateral lobe without downstream ipsilateral atrophy. In this study, we report the pathways involved in the first hours after preconditioning and investigate the changes in liver volume and function. Fourteen pigs were used this study. Five pigs were used to study the genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms set up in the early hours following the establishment of our preconditioning. The remaining nine pigs were equally divided into three groups: sham-operated animals, 20% LPV stenosis, and 100% LPV stenosis. Volumetric scanning and 99 mTc-Mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy were performed before preconditioning and 14 days after to study morphological and functional changes in the liver. We demonstrated that liver regeneration triggered by 20% LPV stenosis in the contralateral lobe involves TNF-α, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 by means of STAT3 and hepatocyte growth factor. We confirmed that our preconditioning was responsible for an increase in the total liver volume. Finally, we demonstrated that this volumetric gain was associated with an increase in hepatic functional capacity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe a new preconditioning method for major hepatectomy that is applicable to hepatectomy for donation. We identified 20% left portal vein stenosis as effective preconditioning that is capable of inducing cell proliferation in the contralateral lobe without the downstream ipsilateral atrophy. In this study, we report the pathways involved in the first hours following preconditioning, and we confirm that 20% left portal vein stenosis is responsible for an increase in the functional capacity and total liver volume in a porcine model.
Repeated airway constrictions in mice do not alter respiratory function
Authors: Mailhot-Larouche Samuel , Deschênes Louis , Gazzola Morgan , Lortie Katherine , Henry Cyndi , Brook Bindi S. , Morissette Mathieu C. , Bossé Ynuk 
Published: February 2018

It is suggested that the frequent strain the airways undergo in asthma because of repeated airway smooth muscle (ASM)-mediated constrictions contributes to airway wall remodeling. However, the effects of repeated constrictions on airway remodeling, as well as the ensuing impact of this presumptive remodeling on respiratory mechanics, have never been investigated in subjects without asthma. In this study, we set out to determine whether repeated constrictions lead to features that are reminiscent of asthma in mice without asthma. BALB/c mice were subjected to a 30-min constriction elicited by aerosolized methacholine every other day over 6 wk. Forty-eight hours after the last constriction, the mechanics of the respiratory system was evaluated at baseline and in response to incremental doses of nebulized methacholine with the flexiVent. The whole-lung lavages, the tracheas, and the lungs were also collected to evaluate inflammation, the contractile capacity of ASM, and the structural components of the airway wall, respectively. The resistance and the compliance of the respiratory system, as well as the Newtonian resistance and the resistive and elastic properties of the lung tissue, were not affected by repeated constrictions, both at baseline and in response to methacholine. All the other examined features also remained unaltered, except the number of goblet cells in the epithelium and the number of macrophages in the whole-lung lavages, which both increased with repeated constrictions. This study demonstrates that, despite causing goblet cell hyperplasia and a mild macrophagic inflammation, repeated constrictions with methacholine do not lead to structural changes that adversely impact the physiology. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Repeated airway constrictions led to signs of remodeling that are typically observed in asthma, which neither altered respiratory mechanics nor the contractile capacity of airway smooth muscle. These findings shed light on a debate between those claiming that constrictions induce remodeling and those convinced that methacholine challenges are harmless. Insofar as our results with mice relate to humans, the findings indicate that repeated challenges with methacholine can be performed safely.
Repeated Bioimpedance Measurements Predict Prognosis of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Kim Jwa-Kyung , Song Young Rim , Lee Hyung Seok , Kim Hyung Jik , Kim Sung Gyun 
Published: February 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Fluid overload is a major risk factor for mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, few studies have investigated the effect of chronic exposure to sustained fluid overload on long-term outcomes. <b><i>Method:</i></b> A total of 284 prevalent PD patients were included in this prospective study. Repeated multifrequency body composition analysis was performed 12 months apart, and 1-year cumulative chronic fluid overload were used to predict all-cause mortality and the risk for transfer to hemodialysis (HD) during the ensuing 15.6 ± 9.1 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of fluid overload was approximately 27%. Interestingly, a substantial number of hypervolemic patients at first test were persistently hypervolemic at their second test. With this, chronic fluid overload was observed in 18.3% (<i>n</i> = 52). Notably, most of chronic fluid overload patients had diabetes (86.5%), and it was accompanied by concomitant changes in peritoneal membrane characteristics, a higher progression rate to high transporter. The risk of transfer to HD increased 2.8 times in patients with chronic fluid overload than in those without. Also, it significantly increased the risk of mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.038). Surprisingly, subgroup analysis found that patients with euvolemic status at follow-up experienced no mortality despite being in a fluid overload state at baseline. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> One-year chronic exposure to fluid overload is a strong independent risk factor for transfer to HD and death in prevalent PD patients. Although the fluid status of most PD patients is not easily changed over time, becoming euvolemic during the entire PD treatment period seems to be very important.
Carotid Artery Remodeling Is Segment Specific
Authors: Watase Hiroko , Sun Jie , Hippe Daniel S. , Balu Niranjan , Li Feiyu , Zhao Xihai , Mani Venkatesh , Fayad Zahi A. , Fuster Valentin , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Yuan Chun 
Published: February 2018

Objective—
Early atherosclerosis is often undetected due in part to compensatory enlargement of the outer wall, termed positive remodeling. Variations in hemodynamic conditions and clinical factors influence the patterns of remodeling. The carotid artery provides an opportunity to examine these variations because of the unique geometry of the carotid bulb. This study aimed to determine differences in remodeling of the common, internal, and bifurcation segments of the carotid using magnetic resonance imaging.

Approach and Results—
Carotid arteries of 525 subjects without history of cardiovascular disease were imaged by magnetic resonance imaging. The carotid artery was divided into 3 segments: common carotid artery; bifurcation; and internal carotid artery. Remodeling patterns were characterized using linear regression analysis of lumen and total vessel areas (dependent variables) compared with maximum wall thickness (independent variable) for each segment, adjusted for age, sex, and height. The common carotid artery demonstrated a pattern consistent with positive remodeling, whereas the bifurcation demonstrated negative remodeling. The internal carotid artery demonstrated a mixed pattern of outer wall expansion and lumen constriction. Females and subjects with diabetes mellitus showed more positive remodeling, hypertension was associated with attenuated positive remodeling, and those with hypercholesterolemia showed more negative remodeling.

Conclusions—
In this cohort of 55- to 80-year-old individuals without history of cardiovascular disease, the pattern of early carotid artery remodeling was segment specific and appeared to be associated with sex and clinical characteristics. These findings provide the groundwork for longitudinal studies to define local and systemic factors such as hemodynamic and clinical conditions on carotid artery remodeling.
Realism + Its Discontents: Determinism Noir
Authors: Beech Amanda 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This short comic based narrative depicts the challenges to and climate of an alternative form of realism in the art-world as a new project for art's politics and construction. Determinism Noir, Realism and Its Discontents calls upon the classic genre of noir narratives to situate themes of agency, mastery, rationalism and metaphysics. These ideas and images are generated in the nihilistic climate of alienation, itself borne out through the machinic, technological and capitalistic forces of the Twentieth Century. The comic presents three parts: first we see the formation of a project base to insinuate a rational determinism: A world of cause that is unpredictable but nevertheless, a pragmatic working environment; second we see a report, based on real life events, showing arguments from politics and the art-world that continue to voice the fear that it is representation itself that has blighted art's real political purchase. The comic criticizes these arguments as having left art with either a naive commitment to an abstract and essential mythology of present-ness or an antirealist self-contortion that dispossesses it of power. The third part of this narrative re-joins the work of the epistemological detective work that is the exercise for this new realist project. Beech's abstract story gels painterly construction, philosophical argument and political diatribe to extend her ongoing work. Here she argues that art must surpass the egotistic self-consciousness that have wrongly subtended claims to realism, whilst condemning those that aspire to exit realism altogether.
White Collies, Beauty or Genetic Defect
Authors: Derry Margaret 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between standards of beauty and genetic knowledge in regulations for the breeding of nonhuman animals. Collie breeding and views concerning the coat color white, in North America and Britain between 1870 and the present, illustrate how advances in dog coat genetics did little to alter perceptions concerning beauty and/or quality held in the different countries. Today, North American Collie breeders consider white coats to be desirable. Modern British breeders see these coats as unacceptable. Breed standards that support practices have not changed to reflect a better understanding of genetics. An assessment of how attitudes to white Collies arose, and why these views differed between North America and Britain, illustrates how entrenched cultural perceptions concerning beauty/quality can be in the face of information that undermines their validity. The story introduces a larger topic: how can change be introduced in light of the complicated beauty/science axis?
Factors affecting the milk urea nitrogen concentration in Chinese Holstein cows
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Wang Mengqi , Jiang Hongrui , Cui Yan , Xia Hailei , Ni Wei , Li Mingxun , Karrow Niel A. , Yang Zhangping , Mao Yongjiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn order to investigate the factors affecting milk urea nitrogen in Chinese Holstein cows, a large commercial dairy farm participated in a 30-month study. In this study, the mean milk urea nitrogen concentration was 11.75 mg/dl. The milk urea nitrogen reached its maximum value on day 90 of lactation for the first parity and the third or higher parities, but it peaked at the end of lactation for the second parity. The milk urea nitrogen of the first parity was lower than that of other parities. The milk urea nitrogen showed its minimum level in January, and reached its maximum in July. The milk urea nitrogen at the first month of lactation in cows calving in summer was higher than other seasons, while at the fourth month of lactation, the milk urea nitrogen of cows calving in autumn was significantly lower than in cows calving in other seasons. Positive correlations were observed between daily milk yield, net energy for lactation, crude protein and milk urea nitrogen for the first and third parities, but negative correlations were observed in the second parity. The milk urea nitrogen showed significantly positive correlations with fat content, total solid content and daily matter intake for all parities. A negative correlation was observed between milk urea nitrogen and protein content, with the exception of the second parity. For all data, as milk urea nitrogen concentration increased, milk protein content decreased. It has been recommended that milk urea nitrogen concentration should be evaluated in combination with parity, days in milk, season (or month), daily matter intake and dietary nutritional components, in order to improve the management and economic benefits of dairy farm.
What You Don’t Notice Can Harm You: Age-Related Differences in Detecting Concurrent Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Cues
Authors: Pitts Brandon J. , Sarter Nadine 
Published: February 2018

Objective This research sought to determine whether people can perceive and process three nonredundant (and unrelated) signals in vision, hearing, and touch at the same time and how aging and concurrent task demands affect this ability. Background Multimodal displays have been shown to improve multitasking and attention management; however, their potential limitations are not well understood. The majority of studies on multimodal information presentation have focused on the processing of only two concurrent and, most often, redundant cues by younger participants. Method Two experiments were conducted in which younger and older adults detected and responded to a series of singles, pairs, and triplets of visual, auditory, and tactile cues in the absence (Experiment 1) and presence (Experiment 2) of an ongoing simulated driving task. Detection rates, response times, and driving task performance were measured. Results Compared to younger participants, older adults showed longer response times and higher error rates in response to cues/cue combinations. Older participants often missed the tactile cue when three cues were combined. They sometimes falsely reported the presence of a visual cue when presented with a pair of auditory and tactile signals. Driving performance suffered most in the presence of cue triplets. Conclusion People are more likely to miss information if more than two concurrent nonredundant signals are presented to different sensory channels. Application The findings from this work help inform the design of multimodal displays and ensure their usefulness across different age groups and in various application domains.
Effects of Task Difficulty and Display Format on Automation Usage Strategy: A Workload Capacity Analysis
Authors: Yamani Yusuke , McCarley Jason S. 
Published: February 2018

Objective An experiment used workload capacity analysis to quantify automation usage strategy across different task difficulty and display format types in a speeded task. Background Workload capacity measures the efficiency of concurrent information processing and can serve as a gauge of automation usage strategy in speeded decision tasks. The present study used workload capacity analysis to investigate automation usage strategy while information display format and task difficulty were manipulated. Method Subjects performed a speeded judgment task assisted by an automated aid that issued decision cues at varying onset times. Response time distributions were converted to measures of workload capacity. Results Two variants of a workload capacity measure, CzOR and CzAND, gave evidence that operators moderated their own decision times both in anticipation of and following the arrival of the aid’s diagnosis under difficult task conditions regardless of display format. Conclusion Assistance from an automated decision aid may cause operators to delay their own responses in a speeded decision task, producing joint response time distributions that are slower than optimal. Application Even when it renders its own judgments quickly and with high accuracy, an automated decision aid may slow responses from a user. Automation designers should consider the relative costs and benefits of response accuracy and time when choosing whether and how to implement an automated decision aid.
Goal setting for weight-related behavior change in children: An exploratory study
Authors: Fisher Abigail , Hammersley Megan L , Jones Rachel A , Morgan Philip J , Collins Clare E , Okely Anthony 
Published: February 2018

Background: There is an absence of studies exploring different goal-setting appraches and none which have examined the use of proxy goal-setting by parents for their children. Aim: To explore how proficient parents are in setting health behaviour goals for their children according to SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-framed) goal principles. A secondary aim was to examine associations between goal setting and change in health behaviors. Methods: Participants were parents and children taking part in one of two trials incorporating goal setting. Study 1 ( Time2bHealthy) was an online program for parents of preschoolers ( n = 36) and Study 2 ( HIKCUPS) was a three-arm face-to-face trial examining a parent-centered dietary intervention, (Study2Diet); a child-centered physical activity intervention, (Study2PA); or combination of both (Study2Combo) ( n = 83). Goals were coded on five ‘SMART’ principles. Goals were scored 1 or 0 for each principle (1 indicated the principle was met and 0, not met). The total maximum score for each goal was 5. Mean total goal-score and means for each SMART principle were calculated. Results: Mean (and standard deviation) goal setting scores for Study 1 were 3.84 (0.61), Study2Diet 2.17 (1.33), Study2PA 3.18 (1.45) and Study2Combo 2.24 (1.30). Goal-scores were significantly higher for Study 1 than Study 2 ( p < 0.001). In Study2Diet, goal setting was significantly associated with greater reduction in energy intake ( p = 0.019). Conclusions: Goal-scores were highest in Study 1, which used a supported online format for setting goals. Parents were better at setting physical activity goals, but these goals did not translate into improvements in physical activity behavior. Goals set by parents may be useful in energy intake reduction, however further research is required to determine benefits for weight status or physical activity.
Aberrant left subclavian artery occlusion in right-sided aortic artery associated with left cerebral infarction: A case report
Authors: Tempaku Akira , Kuroiwa Terumasa , Nishio Akimasa 
Published: February 2018

Purpose Right-sided aortic arch is a rare vessel anomaly with an incidence of 0.1% worldwide. Supra-aortic branches form a mirror image of the left-sided aortic arch or an aberrant left subclavian artery associated with Kommerell diverticulum. Most patients are diagnosed by a difference in blood pressure in each upper extremity or by the presence of left subclavian steal syndrome in their younger age. The diagnosis of onset of ischemic stroke in middle age is rare. Methods We present the case of a female patient who presented with an ischemic stroke in the left posterior circulation area. She had no history of congenital heart malformation. We performed head magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral angiography, and enhanced computed tomography of the aortic arch and major branches. Results The patient had a right-sided aortic arch and an aberrant left subclavian artery. The left subclavian artery was occluded at the proximal portion with a fibrous string. Collateral flow in the anterior cervical subcutaneous area supported left limb perfusion. Conclusion An atheromatous change reduced shunt flow via collateral networks at the anterior cervical region. Congenital subclavian steal supported the ischemic stroke.
Association between smoking and risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Panjawatanan Panadeekarn , Mousa Omar Y , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Pungpapong Surakit , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: February 2018

Background/ObjectivesStudies have suggested that smokers may have a lower risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) although the results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to summarize all available data to better characterize this association.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted using Medline and Embase databases through January 2018 to identify all studies that compared the risk of PSC among current/former smokers versus nonsmokers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined using the random‐effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsSeven case‐control studies with 2,307,393 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. The risk of PSC among current smokers and former smokers was significantly lower than nonsmokers with the pooled odds ratio of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.18–0.53) and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.44–0.61), respectively. The risk remained significantly lower among current smokers and former smokers compared with nonsmokers even when only patients with PSC without inflammatory bowel disease were included.ConclusionsA significantly decreased risk of PSC among current and former smokers was demonstrated in this study.
Trends in female authorship in research papers on eating disorders: 20-year bibliometric study
Authors: Strand Mattias , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThere is a clear gender gap in scientific authorship. Although the proportions of female authors in medicine and psychiatry have increased over the past decades, women are still underrepresented.AimsTo analyse authorship gender trends in eating disorder research.MethodFirst and last author gender in research articles on eating disorders during the period 1997–2016 were assessed in eating disorder specialty journals, high-impact psychiatry journals and high-impact clinical psychology journals.ResultsThe total number of papers on eating disorders increased substantially over the observation period, although a decrease was observed in high-impact psychiatry journals. Female authorship increased in both specialty journals and high-impact psychiatry journals. Authors were significantly less likely to be female in high-impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals than in speciality journals.ConclusionsEating disorder research has been increasingly allocated to specialty journals over the past 20 years. A consistent gender gap between specialty and high-impact journals exists.Declaration of interestC.M.B is a grant recipient from Shire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and has participated as a member of their scientific advisory board. These positions are unrelated to the content of this article.