bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenges and benefits of annotating oral bilingual corpora
Authors: Bullock Barbara E. , Serigos Jacqueline , Toribio Almeida Jacqueline , Wendorf Arthur 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article describes efforts to collect, process, and automatically annotate a corpus of Spanish as spoken in Texas. It elaborates the protocols for the development of the corpus and the procedures for automatic annotation, illustrating the common pitfalls to language identification in bilingual corpora and potential methods for circumventing them. The benefits of a comparative corpus approach to contact varieties is illustrated by a case study of a putative verbal calque from the Spanish in Texas data. It is demonstrated that the relative frequency of the verb is much higher than in its source Mexican variety and that the verb selects different complements in Texas than it does in other varieties. The article concludes with a discussion of how computational tools might be fruitfully exploited to resolve long-standing debates about language variation in contact settings.
The influence of linguistic temporal organization on children’s understanding of temporal terms and concepts
Authors: Wagner Laura 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The Typological Prevalence Hypothesis argues that the cognitive biases that lead to common cross-linguistic patterns also guide language development. Two studies investigated English learning children’s understanding of temporal terms and concepts and how they might be influenced by three typologically common patterns: the use of a deictic center, the asymmetry between past and future times, and the use of temporal remoteness. Using a timeline task, five- and eight-year-old children were asked to locate events with a range of temporal expressions as well as with general event descriptions. The results provided only limited support for the TPH for the temporal domain but do demonstrate the potential for the hypothesis as a research approach.
The Peculiar Logic of the Black-Scholes Model
Authors: Weatherall James Owen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Black-Scholes(-Merton) model of options pricing establishes a theoretical relationship between the “fair” price of an option and other parameters characterizing the option and prevailing market conditions. Here I discuss a common application of the model with the following striking feature: the (expected) output of analysis apparently contradicts one of the core assumptions of the model on which the analysis is based. I will present several attitudes one might take toward this situation and argue that it reveals ways in which a “broken” model can nonetheless provide useful (and tradeable) information.
The Efficiency Question in Economics
Authors: Northcott Robert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMuch philosophical attention has been devoted to whether economic models explain and more generally to how scientific models represent. Yet there is an issue more practically important to economics than either of these, which I label theefficiency question: regardless of how exactly models represent, or of whether their role is explanatory or something else, is current modeling practice an efficient way to achieve these goals or should research efforts be redirected? In addition to showing how the efficiency question has been relatively neglected, I give two examples of the kind of analysis it requires.
The Public Understanding of What? Laypersons’ Epistemic Needs, the Division of Cognitive Labor, and the Demarcation of Science
Authors: Keren Arnon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhat must laypersons understand about science to allow them to make sound decisions on science-related issues? Relying on recent developments in social epistemology, this article argues that scientific education should have the goal not of bringing laypersons’ understanding of science closer to that of expert insiders but rather of cultivating the kind of competence characteristic of “competent outsiders.” Moreover, it argues that philosophers of science have an important role to play in attempts to promote this kind of understanding but that, to successfully fulfill this role, they will have to approach central questions in the field differently.
Memory and Optogenetic Intervention: Separating the Engram from the Ecphory
Authors: Robins Sarah K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOptogenetics makes possible the control of neural activity with light. In this article, I explore how the development of this experimental tool has brought about methodological and theoretical advances in the neurobiological study of memory. I begin with Semon’s distinction between the engram and the ecphory, explaining how these concepts present a methodological challenge to investigating memory. Optogenetics provides a way to intervene into the engram without the ecphory that, in turn, opens up new means for testing theories of memory error. I focus on a series of experiments where optogenetics is used to study false memory and forgetting.
Cost-Effectiveness of Renal Denervation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Hypertension: A Best Case Scenario
Authors: Chowdhury Enayet Karim , Reid Christopher M , Zomer Ella , Kelly Darren J , Liew Danny 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Renal denervation (RDN) is effective at reducing blood pressure (BP) among patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH). However, recent findings regarding the effectiveness of RDN for BP reduction compared with standard treatment of care (SoC) has initiated a rigorous debate about its role in TRH management. In this study, we sought to determine the thresholds for cardiovascular risk and costs of RDN which would make RDN cost-effective.

METHODS
A Markov model was constructed to simulate cardiovascular events over a lifetime among TRH subjects aged 60 years at baseline, and without prior cardiovascular disease. The effect on lowering BP was based on results observed in clinical trials of RDN undertaken to date, and the expected subsequent change to cardiovascular risk was drawn from a published meta-regression. Cost and utility data were drawn from published sources. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) in terms of Australian dollars (AUD) per life year and per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained were estimated to assess RDN cost-effectiveness relative to SoC from the Australian health care perspective, assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of AUD 50,000.

RESULTS
Over a lifetime horizon, the model predicted that at the current estimated costs of RDN (AUD 9531/€6573, 1€ = 1.45 AUD), it would be cost-effective only if it was targeted to patients whose 10-year predicted cardiovascular risk was at least 13.2% initially. The ICERs (discounted) were AUD 49,519 per life year gained and AUD 47,130 per QALY gained.

CONCLUSIONS
At current costs and based on currently observed effects on BP reduction, RDN would be cost-effective among patients with TRH.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Hypertension in Deaf Adults Who Use American Sign Language
Authors: Simons Abbi N , Moreland Christopher J , Kushalnagar Poorna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In the United States, roughly one-third of adults have hypertension; another third have prehypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in deaf American Sign Language (ASL) users is unknown. We address this gap through a descriptive study for the prevalence of hypertension in the American Deaf community and discuss future directions to address this issue.

METHODS
Self-reported data for 1,388 ASL using deaf adults were compared with a secondary data of 2,830 English-speaking hearing adults. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the prevalence of hypertension in the deaf community. Age-weighted analysis was used to compare unmodifiable risk factors and hypertension rate between deaf and hearing adults.

RESULTS
Deaf and hearing samples’ hypertension rates for gender and age were similar. Significant group differences between deaf and hearing samples emerged across race. Compared with the hearing controls, our deaf sample demonstrated a significantly decreased risk for hypertension with a prevalence of 37% (compared with 45% in the hearing sample).

CONCLUSIONS
Although the hypertension rate for gender and age was similar across deaf and hearing samples, between-group disparities exist for race. The lower rate of hypertension in our deaf sample is likely a consequence of underdiagnoses due to lower health literacy and poor patient–physician communication. Furthermore, deaf black Americans’ lower rates compared with hearing black Americans may be due to poor patient–physician communication, not having regular providers or social stressors. It is recommended that modifiable risk factors and social determinants be investigated to determine their effect on hypertension within the deaf community.
GIGSEA: genotype imputed gene set enrichment analysis using GWAS summary level data
Authors: Zhu Shijia , Qian Tongqi , Hoshida Yujin , Shen Yuan , Yu Jing , Hao Ke 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Summary
Summary level data of GWAS becomes increasingly important in post-GWAS data mining. Here, we present GIGSEA (Genotype Imputed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis), a novel method that uses GWAS summary statistics and eQTL to infer differential gene expression and interrogate gene set enrichment for the trait-associated SNPs. By incorporating empirical eQTL of the disease relevant tissue, GIGSEA naturally accounts for factors such as gene size, gene boundary, SNP distal regulation and multiple-marker regulation. The weighted linear regression model was used to perform the enrichment test, properly adjusting for imputation accuracy, model incompleteness and redundancy in different gene sets. The significance level of enrichment is assessed by the permutation test, where matrix operation was employed to dramatically improve computation speed. GIGSEA has appropriate type I error rates, and discovers the plausible biological findings on the real data set.

Availability and implementation
GIGSEA is implemented in R, and freely available at www.github.com/zhushijia/GIGSEA.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A parallel computational framework for ultra-large-scale sequence clustering analysis
Authors: Zheng Wei , Mao Qi , Genco Robert J , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Buck Michael , Cai Yunpeng , Sun Yijun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMotivationThe rapid development of sequencing technology has led to an explosive accumulation of genomic data. Clustering is often the first step to be performed in sequence analysis. However, existing methods scale poorly with respect to the unprecedented growth of input data size. As high-performance computing systems are becoming widely accessible, it is highly desired that a clustering method can easily scale to handle large-scale sequence datasets by leveraging the power of parallel computing.ResultsIn this paper, we introduce SLAD (Separation via Landmark-based Active Divisive clustering), a generic computational framework that can be used to parallelize various de novo operational taxonomic unit (OTU) picking methods and comes with theoretical guarantees on both accuracy and efficiency. The proposed framework was implemented on Apache Spark, which allows for easy and efficient utilization of parallel computing resources. Experiments performed on various datasets demonstrated that SLAD can significantly speed up a number of popular de novo OTU picking methods and meanwhile maintains the same level of accuracy. In particular, the experiment on the Earth Microbiome Project dataset (∼2.2B reads, 437 GB) demonstrated the excellent scalability of the proposed method.Availability and implementationOpen-source software for the proposed method is freely available at https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~yijunsun/lab/SLAD.html.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
AuTom-dualx: a toolkit for fully automatic fiducial marker-based alignment of dual-axis tilt series with simultaneous reconstruction
Authors: Han Renmin , Wan Xiaohua , Li Lun , Lawrence Albert , Yang Peng , Li Yu , Wang Sheng , Sun Fei , Liu Zhiyong , Gao Xin , Zhang Fa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Dual-axis electron tomography is an important 3 D macro-molecular structure reconstruction technology, which can reduce artifacts and suppress the effect of missing wedge. However, the fully automatic data process for dual-axis electron tomography still remains a challenge due to three difficulties: (i) how to track the mass of fiducial markers automatically; (ii) how to integrate the information from the two different tilt series; and (iii) how to cope with the inconsistency between the two different tilt series.

Results
Here we develop a toolkit for fully automatic alignment of dual-axis electron tomography, with a simultaneous reconstruction procedure. The proposed toolkit and its workflow carries out the following solutions: (i) fully automatic detection and tracking of fiducial markers under large-field datasets; (ii) automatic combination of two different tilt series and global calibration of projection parameters; and (iii) inconsistency correction based on distortion correction parameters and the consequently simultaneous reconstruction. With all of these features, the presented toolkit can achieve accurate alignment and reconstruction simultaneously and conveniently under a single global coordinate system.

Availability and implementation
The toolkit AuTom-dualx (alignment module dualxmauto and reconstruction module volrec_mltm) are accessible for general application at http://ear.ict.ac.cn, and the key source code is freely available under request.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Incorporating teleseismic tomography data into models of upper mantle slab geometry
Authors: Portner Daniel Evan , Hayes Gavin P 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARY
Earthquake-based models of slab geometry are limited by the distribution of earthquakes within a subducting slab, which is often heterogeneous. The fast seismic velocity signature of slabs in tomography studies is independent of the distribution of earthquakes within the slab, providing a critical constraint on slab geometry when earthquakes are absent. In order to utilize this constraint, researchers typically hand-contour images of subducting slabs in tomography models, leading to a subjective final slab model. With this paper, we present an automated procedure for extracting slab geometry from teleseismic tomography volumes that limits this subjectivity and provides constraints on the structure of aseismic segments of slabs. This procedure is designed as a complement to earthquake-based slab models rather than as a replacement, which can help to broaden the extent of existing subduction zone geometry databases.
Fluoroscopic-Guided Paramedian Approach for Lumbar Catheter Placement in Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting: Assessment of Safety and Accuracy
Authors: Tucker Adam , Kajimoto Yoshinaga , Ohmura Tomohisa , Ikeda Naokado , Furuse Motomasa , Nonoguchi Naosuke , Kawabata Shinji , Kuroiwa Toshihiko 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Spinal catheter insertion in lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is frequently associated with technical difficulties especially in patients with obesity and elderly patients with vertebral deformities.

OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the accuracy and safety of image-guided spinal catheter placement using a paramedian approach (PMA).

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 39 consecutive iNPH patients treated by LP shunting with spinal catheter insertion via the PMA. The success rate of catheter placement and the number of changes in puncture location were evaluated. Accuracy of catheter insertion was assessed by measuring both vertical and horizontal deviations in the point of catheter dural penetration from the center of the interlaminar space.

RESULTS
The success rate of catheter placement was 100% (39/39). The difficulty rate for catheter insertion, measured by the number of changes in puncture location, was 2.6% (1/39). No bloody punctures or surgical infections were observed. Accuracy of catheter insertion, measured as the degree of deviation, was 0.5 ± 1.9 mm horizontally and 0.0 ± 2.4 mm vertically. The rates of minor complications, including caudal catheter insertion, transient low-pressure headache, and root pain, were 5.1% (2/39), 10.4% (4/39), and 0% (0/43), respectively. Subdural hematoma requiring surgical intervention occurred in 1 case (2.6%). During the mean follow-up period of 36 mo, spinal catheter rupture at the level of the spinous processes was not observed.

CONCLUSION
Fluoroscopic-guided spinal catheter placement via the PMA was safe, accurate, and reliable, even for use in geriatric and obese patients.
Temporal and Spatial Changes of μ-Opioid Receptors in the Brain, Spinal Cord and Dorsal Root Ganglion in a Rat Lumbar Disc Herniation Model
Authors: Kaneuchi Yoichi , Sekiguchi Miho , Kameda Takuya , Kobayashi Yoshihiro , Konno Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2018

Study Design.
Controlled, interventional, animal study.

Objective.
To investigate the spatial and temporal changes of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression in a rat lumbar disc herniation (LDH) model.

Summary of Background Data.
MORs widely express in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and opioid drugs produce an analgesic effect through their activation. However, the efficacy of opioid drugs is sometimes inadequate in several pathological conditions of pain. MORs in the brain as well as the spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are thought to be associated with pain-related behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood.

Methods.
In all, 91 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Autologous nucleus pulposus (NP) was applied onto the left L5 DRG in the NP group rats. Rats were divided into two surgical groups, the NP and the sham group. The von Frey test of left hind paw was performed before surgery, and 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in the DRG, SC, Caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and periaqueductal grey matter were performed before surgery, and 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery.

Results.
The thresholds in the NP group were significantly lower than those in the sham group from day 2 onwards. At days 7 and 14, MOR expression in the injured-side SC and DRG were significantly lower than those in the sham group. At day 21, MOR in the NAc was significantly decreased compared to that in the sham group.

Conclusion.
Changes of MOR expression in the NAc, SC and DRG were associated with pain-related behavior. This result might show the underling pathogenesis of the resistance to MOR agonists in the patient with LDH.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Expectations for Postoperative Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Patients With Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Bourassa-Moreau Étienne , Labelle Hubert , Parent Stefan , Hresko Micheal Timothy , Sucato Daniel , Lenke Laurence G. , Marks Michelle , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2018

Study Design.
Prospective multicenter study of the changes in Scoliosis Research Society Outcome Questionaire 22 (SRS-22) scores for 78 patients younger than 25 years old surgically treated for lumbosacral spondylolisthesis

Objective.
Report the change of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients younger than 25 years after surgical treatment of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis.

Summary of Background Data.
There is a paucity of data with regard to the influence of surgical treatment on the HRQOL of patients with lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. Large prospective studies are needed to clearly define the benefits of surgery in the young patient population.

Methods.
A prospective multicenter cohort of 78 patients younger than 25 years (14.8 ± 2.9, range: 7.9–23.6 yr) undergoing posterior fusion for lumbosacral spondylolisthesis were enrolled. There were 17 patients with low-grade (<50%) and 61 with high-grade (≥50%) slips. SRS-22 scores calculated before surgery and after 2 years of follow-up were compared for all patients using two-tailed paired t tests. Subanalyses for low- and high-grade patients were done using two-tailed Wilcoxon signed ranked and paired t tests, respectively. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Results.
HRQOL was significantly improved 2 years after surgery for all domains and for the total score of the SRS-22 questionnaire. The individual total score was improved in 66 patients (85%), and 52 patients (67%) improved by at least 0.5 point. All domains and the total score of the SRS-22 questionnaire were significantly improved for high-grade patients, whereas only pain, function, and total score were improved for low-grade patients.

Conclusion.
This is the largest study comparing the HRQOL before and after surgery in young patients with low- and high-grade lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. HRQOL significantly improves after surgery for the majority of patients, especially for high-grade patients. This study helps clinicians to better counsel patients with regard to the benefits of surgery for lumbosacral spondylolisthesis.

Level of Evidence: 2
Magnetoencephalographic Recordings in Infants: A Retrospective Analysis of Seizure-Focus Yield and Postsurgical Outcomes
Authors: Garcia-Tarodo Stephanie , Funke Michael , Caballero Lisa , Zhu Liang , Shah Manish N. , Von Allmen Gretchen K. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is often incorporated into the presurgical work-up of children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. There is growing literature on its role in improving selection for epilepsy surgery, particularly when brain MRI is “non-lesional” or in patients with recurrence or intractable seizures after epilepsy surgery. There are, however, no reports on the extrapolation of its role in the presurgical decision-making process of infants.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of infants who underwent MEG over a 10-year period at our center for presurgical work-up. We reviewed medical records to ascertain seizure history, work-up procedures including brain MRI and scalp EEG, and in the case of surgery, intracranial recordings, operative notes, and follow-up outcomes.

Results:
We identified 31 infants (<2 years of age) who underwent MEG recordings. Despite EEG interictal readings showing patterns of generalized dysfunction in 80%, MEG was able to pinpoint the foci of epileptic activity in 45%. In the MRI-negative group, 44% had focal lateralized interictal spikes on MEG. The sensitivity of MEG to detect interictal epileptiform activity was 90%, and its ability to provide additional information was 28%. Among 18 infants who had surgery, 13 became seizure free at follow-up. The percentage of infants with a focal spike volume on MEG studies and a seizure-free outcome was 66%.

Conclusions:
MEG recordings in infants were found to be as sensitive for identifying seizure focus as other age groups, also supplying additional information to the decision-making process and validating its role in the presurgical work-up of infants with intractable epilepsy.