bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
StarGO: A New Method to Identify the Galactic Origins of Halo Stars
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Chang Jiang , Banerjee Projjwal , Han Jiaxin , Kang Xi , Smith M. C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We develop a new method, Stars’ Galactic Origin (StarGO), to identify the galactic origins of halo stars using their kinematics. Our method is based on a self-organizing map (SOM), which is one of the most popular unsupervised learning algorithms. StarGO combines SOM with a novel adaptive group identification algorithm with essentially no free parameters. To evaluate our model, we build a synthetic stellar halo from mergers of nine satellites in the Milky Way. We construct the mock catalog by extracting a heliocentric volume of 10 kpc from our simulations and assigning expected observational uncertainties corresponding to bright stars from Gaia DR2 and LAMOST DR5. We compare the results from StarGO against those from a friends-of-friends-based method in the space of orbital energy and angular momentum. We show that StarGO is able to systematically identify more satellites and achieve higher number fraction of identified stars for most of the satellites within the extracted heliocentric volume. When applied to data from Gaia DR2, StarGO will enable us to reveal the origins of the inner stellar halo in unprecedented detail.
La crise depuis dix ans - étapes
Authors: Marhold Hartmut 
Published: August 2018

La crise financière, économique et de la dette de l’État a mis à l’épreuve l’UE et ses États membres à partir de 2008. Les réactions à cette crise inattendue et sans précédent sont multiples et semblent être pour la plupart des réponses ad hoc, sans logique systémique. Cet article soutient cependant qu’il existe une succession et une structure plausibles de la gestion de la crise par l’UE (1), en commençant par les programmes de redressement (keynésiens), (2) par des mesures de protection des États membres des marchés financiers (spéculatifs), à savoir les « fonds de sauvetage » (3), parallèlement à ces mesures, les mécanismes de contrôle assurant l’utilisation de ces fonds conformément au système, et (4) enfin, les tentatives de régulation des marchés financiers. Dans l’ensemble, cela revient à un système plus ou moins raisonnable, qui devrait, même si ce n’est pas le cas, se traduire par un changement de traité - une légitimation constitutionnelle d’une politique de crise aussi profonde.
A brief overview of the European Banking Union
Authors: Gortsos Christos V. 
Published: August 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter et évaluer brièvement le cadre institutionnel (ainsi que certains des principaux aspects juridiques liés) qui gouverne l’Union bancaire européenne (UBE), tel qu’il est en vigueur, ainsi que les propositions faites ou suggérées pour l’améliorer. L’article comporte deux sections :	(1) Un aperçu historique des dispositions institutionnelles de l’UE relatives à la stabilité du système bancaire dans l’Union européenne avant la création de l’UBE, les conditions qui ont conduit à son établissement en réponse à la crise budgétaire actuelle dans la zone euro, une brève description du contenu actuel de ses principaux piliers et de leur lien avec le (sous-jacent) règlement unique (le statu quo) font l’objet de la section I.	(2) La section II donne un aperçu, accompagné de quelques évaluations, du programme de réforme actuel de la Commission concernant l’UBE, les deux éléments que l’auteur considère comme le “programme inachevé” et le lien entre une Union Économique et Monétaire (plus) solide et une UBE qui fonctionne bien et qui (par conséquent) renforce la stabilité financière.	Les informations contenues dans cette étude précèdent la date du 23 décembre 2017.
Le titre de séjour pour raison médicale, un obstacle à l’accès au titre de séjour pérenne : résultats de l’enquête ANRS Parcours
Authors: Gosselin Anne 
Published: August 2018

Objectifs : En France, les acteurs associatifs dénoncent depuis longtemps les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes étrangères détentrices d’un titre de séjour pour raison médicale dans l’accès à des titres de séjour pérennes (carte de 10 ans ou nationalité française). L’objectif de cette étude est de vérifier si une discrimination existe envers les personnes étrangères détentrices de ce titre, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Méthodes : Nous utilisons les données de l’enquête quantitative rétrospective ANRS Parcours qui a été menée en 2012-2013 auprès de 1 705 immigrés subsahariens atteints de VIH/sida ou d’Hépatite B en Île-de-France. Cette enquête biographique a permis de reconstituer l’historique des titres de séjour. Au moyen de modèles logistiques à temps discret, nous modélisons les facteurs associés à l’obtention d’un titre de séjour pérenne et l’effet du titre de séjour pour soins sur cette probabilité. Des variables de contrôle permettent de prendre en compte le niveau d’étude, le motif de la venue en France, la période d’arrivée, la durée de séjour. Résultats : Le titre de séjour pour soins a un effet délétère sur l’accès à un titre de séjour pérenne (ORa compris entre 0,15 et 0,27 selon le groupe, p < 0,01). Par ailleurs, il y a un allongement du temps nécessaire pour obtenir un titre de séjour pérenne depuis 2005 comparé à avant 1996 pour l’ensemble des personnes étrangères participant à l’enquête. Conclusions : Nos résultats suggèrent une discrimination envers les personnes détentrices d’un titre de séjour pour raison médicale dans l’accès à un titre de séjour pérenne. Ainsi, c’est l’accès au droit à la santé des personnes étrangères qui est remis en question.
Isometric Hip Strength and Dynamic Stability of Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: McCann Ryan S. , Bolding Brenn A. , Terada Masafumi , Kosik Kyle B. , Crossett Ian D. , Gribble Phillip A. 
Published: August 2018

Context:
Compared with individuals who have a history of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) without markers of chronic ankle instability (CAI; LAS copers) and healthy people, those with CAI often exhibit neuromuscular impairments and dynamic-stability deficits at the hip. However, the influence of hip-strength deficits on dynamic stability remains unknown.

Objective:
To compare isometric hip strength and dynamic stability in individuals with or without CAI and examine the degree of dynamic-stability variance explained by isometric hip strength.

Design:
Case-control study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Sixty individuals (47 women, 13 men; age = 23.7 ± 4.6 years, height = 166.6 ± 7.7 cm, mass = 70.8 ± 15.7 kg) separated into CAI, LAS coper, and control groups based on previously established criteria.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Group differences in resultant vector time to stabilization (RVTTS) and isometric hip-extension, -abduction, and external-rotation strength were determined using 1-way analyses of covariance that controlled for sex and limb (dominant or nondominant) tested and Cohen d effect sizes (95% confidence intervals). Backward linear regressions and Cohen f2 effect sizes (95% confidence intervals) determined the amount of RVTTS variance explained by isometric hip strength. Significance was set a priori at P &lt; .05.

Results:
The CAI group had less isometric hip-extension strength than LAS copers (P = .02, d = 0.72 [0.06, 1.34]) and controls (P = .01, d = 1.19 [0.50, 1.84]) and less external-rotation strength than LAS copers (P = .03, d = 0.78 [0.13, 1.41]) and controls (P = .01, d = 1.02 [0.34, 1.65]). No group differences existed for RVTTS (F2,57 = 1.16, P = .32) or abduction strength (F2,57 = 2.84, P = .07). Resultant vector time to stabilization was explained by isometric hip strength for LAS copers (R2 = 0.21, f2 = 0.27 [0.22, 0.32], P = .04) but not for the CAI (R2 = 0.12, f2 = 0.14 [0.06, 0.22], P = .22) or control (R2 = 0.10, f2 = 0.11 [0.03, 0.19], P = .18) groups.

Conclusions:
Participants with CAI had decreased isometric hip strength, but that did not equate to dynamic-stability deficits. Clinicians should include hip-muscle strengthening in rehabilitation protocols for patients with CAI, yet these gains may not enhance dynamic stability when landing from a jump.
A replication plan for “Does social media reduce corruption?” (Information Economics and Policy, 2017)
Authors: Hannum Randall J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The importance of replicating economic research to improve the validity of findings has been the topic of an ongoing discussion, but there is not a consensus about what that means in practice. This article discusses a rationale for replicating a study and offers a plan of how one might go about approaching a replication of an actual study.
Infancia-adolescencia, Estado y Derecho. Una visión constitucional
Authors: Montejo Rivero Jetzabel Mireya 
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo analiza la protección que el Estado, la familia y la sociedad confieren a la infancia en distintas etapas históricas. Entre los métodos utilizados se encuentran el histórico-lógico, hermenéutico y el comparado los que sirvieron para el estudio del texto constitucional en países de Europa y América Latina, en la selección de los países de la muestra se privilegió aquellos en los tuvo lugar algún proceso de reforma constitucional posterior a 1990 o los que forman parte del ¨nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano”. Desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, describe el proceso de reconocimiento de los derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes de manera paralela al desarrollo de los derechos humanos. En ese propósito, se valora el tratamiento otorgado a la infancia por el Estado y el Derecho en las distintas fases del constitucionalismo (desde el siglo XIX hasta inicios del XXI). El artículo tiene como objetivo valorar la consideración jurídica de niños, niñas y adolescentes en el proceso de evolución del derecho constitucional. Se obtiene una sistematización comparativa de la regulación constitucional de la infancia y la adolescencia.
Population genetics and migration pathways of the Mediterranean fruit flyCeratitis capitatainferred with coalescent methods
Authors: Arias Maria Belen , Elfekih Samia , Vogler Alfried P. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundInvasive species are a growing threat to food biosecurity and cause significant economic losses in agricultural systems. Despite their damaging effect, they are attractive models for the study of evolution and adaptation in newly colonised environments. The Mediterranean fruit fly,Ceratitis capitata, as a member of the family Tephritidae, is one of the most studied invasive species feeding on many fruit crops in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. This study aims to determine the global macrogeographic population structure ofCeratitis capitataand reconstruct its potential migration routes.MethodA partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene from >400 individual medflies and 14 populations from four continents was sequenced and subjected to Bayesian demographic modelling.ResultsThe Afrotropical populations (Kenya, South Africa and Ghana) harbour the majority of haplotypes detected, which also are highly divergent, in accordance with the presumed ancestral range of medflies in Sub-Saharan Africa. All other populations in the presumed non-native areas were dominated by a single haplotype also present in South Africa, in addition to a few, closely related haplotypes unique to a single local population or regional set, but missing from Africa. Bayesian coalescence methods revealed recent migration pathways from Africa to all continents, in addition to limited bidirectional migration among many local and intercontinental routes.ConclusionThe detailed investigation of the recent migration history highlights the interconnectedness of affected crop production regions worldwide and pinpoints the routes and potential source areas requiring more specific quarantine measures.
Mate availability does not influence mating strategies in males of the sexually cannibalistic spiderArgiope bruennichi
Authors: Cory Anna-Lena , Schneider Jutta M. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSexual selection theory predicts that male investment in a current female should be a function of female density and male competition. While many studies have focused on male competition, the impact of female density on male mating investment has been widely neglected. Here, we aimed to close this gap and tested effects of mate density on male mating decisions in the orb-web spiderArgiope bruennichi. Males of this species mutilate their genitalia during copulation, which reduces sperm competition and limits their mating rate to a maximum of two females (bigyny). The mating rate is frequently further reduced by female aggression and cannibalization. Males can reduce the risk of cannibalism if they jump off the female in time, but will then transfer fewer sperm. An alternative solution of this trade-off is to copulate longer, commit self-sacrifice and secure higher minimal paternity. The self-sacrificial strategy may be adaptive if prospective mating chances are uncertain. InA. bruennichi, this uncertainty may arise from quick changes in population dynamics. Therefore, we expected that males would immediately respond to information about low or high mate availability and opt for self-sacrifice after a single copulation under low mate availability. If male survival depends on information about prospective mating chances, we further predicted that under high mate availability, we would find a higher rate of males that leave the first mating partner to follow a bigynous mating strategy.MethodWe used naïve males and compared their mating decisions among two treatments that differed in the number of signalling females. In the high mate availability treatment, males perceived pheromone signals from four adult, virgin females, while in the low mate availability treatment only one of four females was adult and virgin and the other three were penultimate and unreceptive.ResultsMales took more time to start mate searching if mate availability was low. However, a self-sacrificial strategy was not more likely under low mate availability. We found no effects of treatment on the duration of copulation, the probability to survive the first copulation or the probability of bigyny. Interestingly, survival chances depended on male size and were higher in small males.DiscussionOur results do not support the hypothesis that mate density variation affects male mating investment, although they clearly perceived mate density, which they presumably assessed by pheromone quantity. One reason for the absence of male adjustments to mating tactics could be that adaptations to survive female attacks veil adaptations that facilitate mating decisions.
Profile and clinical implication of circular RNAs in human papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Ren Huihui , Liu Zhelong , Liu Siyue , Zhou Xinrong , Wang Hong , Xu Jinchao , Wang Daowen , Yuan Gang 
Published: August 2018

Background
Differently expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play a considerable role in tumor behavior; however, the expression profile and biological function of circRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unknown. Thus, the study was aimed to characterize the circRNA expression profile to comprehensively understand the biological behavior of PTC.

Methods
We investigated the expression profile of circRNAs using circRNA microarray in three pairs of PTC and adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate eight candidate circRNAs in 40 paired PTC tumors and adjacent normal samples. Next, we employed a bioinformatics tool to identify putative miRNA and circRNA-associated downstream genes, followed by constructing a network map of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions and exploring the potential role of the candidate circRNAs.

Results
In total, 206 up- and 177 downregulated circRNAs were identified in PTC tissues (fold change >1.5; P < 0.05). The expression levels of eight candidate circRNAs confirmed by qRT-PCR were significantly different between the PTC and normal samples. The downstream genes of candidate circRNAs participated in various biological processes and signaling pathways. The most up and downregulated circRNAs were hsa_circRNA_007148 and hsa_circRNA_047771. The lower expression level of hsa_circRNA_047771 was associated BRAFV600 mutation, lymph node metastasis (LNM), as well as with advanced TNM stage (all P < 0.05). The higher expression level of hsa_circRNA_007148 was significantly correlated with LNM (P < 0.05). The areas under receiver operating curve were 0.876 (95% CI [0.78–0.94]) for hsa_circRNA_047771 and 0.846 (95% CI [0.75–0.96]) for hsa_circRNA_007148.

Discussion
The study suggests that dysregulated circRNAs play a critical role in PTC pathogenesis. PTC-related hsa_circRNA_047771 and hsa_circRNA_007148 may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic predictors for PTC patients.
A Facile Preparative Route of Nanoscale Perovskites over Mesoporous Metal Oxide Films and Their Applications to Photosensitizers and Light Emitters
Authors: Lee Hyo Joong , Cho Kyung Taek , Paek Sanghyun , Lee Yonghui , Huckaba Aron J. , Queloz Valentin I. E. , Zimmermann Iwan , Grancini Giulia , Oveisi Emad , Yoo So‐Min , Lee Seul‐Yi , Shin Taeho , Kim Myoung , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBy two‐step sequential Pb2+ adsorption and reaction with methylammonium‐iodide (MAI) or ‐bromide (MABr) at a low concentration level of 0.06–0.10 m over mesoporous TiO2 or ZrO2 film, a well‐defined nanoscale CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) photosensitizer or CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) light emitter could be prepared in situ, respectively in a reproducible and atom‐economical way. The as‐prepared nanoscale perovskites are compared with their thin film counterparts in terms of light absorption/emission, crystallinity, surface morphology, and energy‐conversion efficiency. The nanoscale perovskite‐decorated films display more transparency than the bulky film due to the much lower amount deposited, while blueshifted and overwhelmingly brighter photoluminescence is observed in the “nano” relative to the “bulk” due to quantum size confinement. Transmission electron microscopy images also clearly show that a few nanometer‐sized perovskite dots are deposited homogeneously over the surface of TiO2‐ or ZrO2‐particulate film in the course of the current preparative route. When the nano‐MAPbI3 is tested as a photosensitizer in a solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cell configuration with a very thin (≈650 nm) TiO2 mesoporous film, it has a promising initial power conversion efficiency of 6.23%, which outperformed the result of 2.28% from a typical organic molecular dye coded as MK‐2.
Semiconducting Photosensitizer‐Incorporated Copolymers as Near‐Infrared Afterglow Nanoagents for Tumor Imaging
Authors: Cui Dong , Xie Chen , Li Jingchao , Lyu Yan , Pu Kanyi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe fact that cancer metastasis is the main cause of death for most cancer patients necessitates the development of imaging tools for sensitive detection of metastases. Although optical imaging has high temporospatial resolution, tissue autofluorescence compromises the sensitivity for in vivo imaging of cancer metastasis. Herein, the synthesis of a series of photosensitizer‐incorporated poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)‐based semiconducting copolymers and their utility as near‐infrared (NIR) afterglow imaging nanoagents that emit light after cessation of light irradiation are reported. As compared with nondoped nanoparticles, the nanoparticles derived from the photosensitizer‐incorporated copolymers have red‐shifted NIR luminescence and amplified afterglow signals, allowing the detection of tiny peritoneal metastatic tumors almost invisible to naked eye. Moreover, the intrinsic oxygen‐sensitive nature of afterglow makes those nanoagents potentially useful for in vivo imaging of oxygen levels. Thus, this study introduces a generation of light‐excitation‐free background‐minimized optical imaging agents for the sensitive detection of diseased tissues in vivo.
Solution‐Based Micro‐ and Nanoscale Metal Oxide Structures Formed by Direct Patterning for Electro‐Optical Applications
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Cheng , Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Soppera Olivier 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDue to their transparency and tunable electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, metal oxide thin films and structures have many applications in electro‐optical devices. In recent years, solution processing combined with direct‐patterning techniques such as micro‐/nanomolding, inkjet printing, e‐jet printing, e‐beam writing, and photopatterning has drawn much attention because of the inexpensive and simple fabrication process that avoids using capital‐intensive vacuum deposition systems and chemical etching. Furthermore, practical applications of solution direct‐patterning techniques with metal oxide structures are demonstrated in thin‐film transistors and biochemical sensors on a wide range of substrates. Since direct‐patterning techniques enable low‐cost fabrication of nanoscale metal oxide structures, these methods are expected to accelerate the development of nanoscale devices and systems based on metal oxide components in important application fields such as flexible electronics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and human health monitoring. Here, a review of the fabrication procedures, advantages, limitations, and applications of the main direct‐patterning methods for making metal oxide structures is presented. The goal is to highlight the examples with the most promising perspective from the recent literature.
Electron Mobility of 24 cm2 V−1 s−1 in PbSe Colloidal‐Quantum‐Dot Superlattices
Authors: Balazs Daniel M. , Matysiak Bartosz M. , Momand Jamo , Shulga Artem G. , Ibáñez Maria , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Kooi Bart J. , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are nanoscale building blocks for bottom‐up fabrication of semiconducting solids with tailorable properties beyond the possibilities of bulk materials. Achieving ordered, macroscopic crystal‐like assemblies has been in the focus of researchers for years, since it would allow exploitation of the quantum‐confinement‐based electronic properties with tunable dimensionality. Lead‐chalcogenide CQDs show especially strong tendencies to self‐organize into 2D superlattices with micrometer‐scale order, making the array fabrication fairly simple. However, most studies concentrate on the fundamentals of the assembly process, and none have investigated the electronic properties and their dependence on the nanoscale structure induced by different ligands. Here, it is discussed how different chemical treatments on the initial superlattices affect the nanostructure, the optical, and the electronic‐transport properties. Transistors with average two‐terminal electron mobilities of 13 cm2 V−1 s−1 and contactless mobility of 24 cm2 V−1 s−1 are obtained for small‐area superlattice field‐effect transistors. Such mobility values are the highest reported for CQD devices wherein the quantum confinement is substantially present and are comparable to those reported for heavy sintering. The considerable mobility with the simultaneous preservation of the optical bandgap displays the vast potential of colloidal QD superlattices for optoelectronic applications.