bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parotidectomy by an endoscopic‐assisted postauricular‐groove approach
Authors: Li Tiancheng , Liu Yuhe , Wang Quangui , Qin Yong , Gao Weihua , Li Qian , Schiferle Erik , Xiao Shuifang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the feasibility of an endoscopic‐assisted postauricular‐groove approach parotidectomy and to evaluate the advantages and limitations of such an approach.MethodsA total of 72 patients with parotid gland tumors underwent a parotidectomy procedure between January 2014 and January 2016. Of the aforementioned patients, 15 were treated by a postauricular‐groove approach (group I), whereas the remaining 57 were treated by the Blair “S” incision (group II).ResultsDifference in visual analogue scale score for aesthetic outcome (0 vs 3) and median intraoperative blood loss (30 vs 50 mL) was statistically significant. Operation time and transient facial nerve paralysis were comparable. No recurrence of tumors was found in either group.ConclusionThe endoscopic‐assisted postauricular‐groove approach for limited parotid tumor resection offers several advantages over the conventional “S” incision parotidectomy. In addition, it is arguably safer and results in a superior aesthetic outcome.
Electroacupuncture in rats normalizes the diabetes‐induced alterations in the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system
Authors: Protto Virginia , Soligo Marzia , De Stefano Maria Egle , Farioli‐Vecchioli Stefano , Marlier Lionel N. J. L. , Nisticò Robert , Manni Luigi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiabetes induces early sufferance in the cholinergic septo‐hippocampal system, characterized by deficits in learning and memory, reduced hippocampal plasticity and abnormal pro‐nerve growth factor (proNGF) release from hippocampal cells, all linked to dysfunctions in the muscarinic cholinergic modulation of hippocampal physiology. These alterations are associated with dysregulation of several cholinergic markers, such as the NGF receptor system and the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme choline‐acetyl transferase (ChAT), in the medial septum and its target, the hippocampus. Controlled and repeated sensory stimulation by electroacupuncture has been proven effective in counteracting the consequences of diabetes on cholinergic system physiology in the brain. Here, we used a well‐established Type 1 diabetes model, obtained by injecting young adult male rats with streptozotocin, to induce sufferance in the septo‐hippocampal system. We then evaluated the effects of a 3‐week treatment with low‐frequency electroacupuncture on: (a) the expression and protein distribution of proNGF in the hippocampus, (b) the tissue distribution and content of NGF receptors in the medial septum, (c) the neuronal cholinergic and glial phenotype in the septo‐hippocampal circuitry. Twice‐a‐week treatment with low‐frequency electroacupuncture normalized, in both hippocampus and medial septum, the ratio between the neurotrophic NGF and its neurotoxic counterpart, the precursor proNGF. Electroacupuncture regulated the balance between the two major proNGF variants (proNGF‐A and proNGF‐B) at both gene expression and protein synthesis levels. In addition, electroacupuncture recovered to basal level the pro‐neurotrophic NGF receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase‐A content, down‐regulated in medial septum cholinergic neurons by diabetes. Electroacupuncture also regulated ChAT content in medial septum neurons and its anterograde transport toward the hippocampus. Our data indicate that repeated sensory stimulation can positively affect brain circuits involved in learning and memory, reverting early impairment induced by diabetes development. Electroacupuncture could exert its effects on the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission in diabetic rats, not only by rescuing the hippocampal muscarinic responsivity, as previously described, but also normalizing acetylcholine biosynthesis and NGF metabolism in the hippocampus.
Effects of Intravenous Zoledronate on Bone Turnover and Bone Density Persist for at Least 11 Years in HIV-Infected Men
Authors: Bolland Mark J , Horne Anne M , Briggs Simon E , Thomas Mark G , Reid IanR , Gamble Greg D , Grey Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Previously we reported the results of a 4-year extension of a 2-year randomized placebo-controlled trial showing that the antiresorptive effects of two annual 4-mg doses of zoledronate in HIV-infected men persisted for at least 5 years after the second dose. We set out to determine whether the effects on BMD and bone turnover persist beyond 10 years. We invited all participants in the original trial known to be alive and living in New Zealand to attend an additional visit approximately 12 years after trial entry and 11 years after their second dose of study medication. The outcome measures were BMD at the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and total body, and markers of bone turnover. Twenty-five of the 43 men originally enrolled in the trial attended the final visit, representing 25 of 31 (81%) participants alive and residing in New Zealand at the time. The average duration of follow-up was 12.4 years. At the final visit, BMD remained higher in the zoledronate group than the placebo group (lumbar spine 3.7%, 95% CI, 0.1 to 7.3; total hip 3.7%, 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.2; femoral neck 5.0%, 95% CI, 2.1 to 7.9; total body 2.4%, 95% CI, 0.7 to 4.0), and the between-group differences in BMD remained stable between 6 and 12 years. Serum CTx remained lower in the zoledronate group than the placebo group between 6 and 12 years and, at the final visit, was 45% lower (95% CI, 25 to 64) than the placebo group. P1NP was 26% (95% CI, 4 to 48) lower in the zoledronate group than the placebo group at the final visit. In summary, two annual 4-mg doses of zoledronate have effects on bone turnover and BMD in men that persist for at least 11 years after the second dose. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The interaction of high and low‐risk human papillomavirus genotypes increases the risk of developing genital warts: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hasanzadeh Malihe , Rejali Marzieh , Mehramiz Mehraneh , Akbari Mahdieh , Mousavi Seresht Leila , Yazdandoost Yasaman , Farokhi Saba , Mahdian Zahra , Maleki Faezeh , Emamdadi‐Aliabad Zohreh , Jalilvand Narjes , Khorrami Shadi , Fadaei Zahra , Movahedi Mehraneh , Hosseini Zeinab , Razmi Fatemeh , Takamoli Toktame , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCervical cancer is among the most common type of cancers in women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Genital warts are also reported to be linked with HPV infection types 11 and 6. In turn, clinical characteristics and morphological features of warts may be useful in the prediction of prognosis and in making treatment decisions. Thus, we have investigated the association of high and low‐risk HPVs genotype with genital wart risk, as well as pathological and cytological information in cases recruited from a population‐based cohort study of 1380 patients. Patients infected with HPV genotype 6 or 11 had an increased risk of having warts, with OR of 2.34 (95% CI: 0.955‐5.737, P = 0.06). Also, this association was enhanced in the presence of high plus low‐risk HPV for having genital wart (OR: 2.814; 95%: 1.208‐6.55,
P = 0.017) and cases having high‐risk HPV (OR: 2.329; 95% CI: 1.029‐5.269,
P = 0.042). Moreover, we observed patients with genital warts having CIN2/3, indicating the importance of informing the physician to the patient to prevent more severe lesions. Our data demonstrated that patients with both low/high‐risk HPV types had an increased risk of developing genital warts and persistent infection with HPV was a necessary precursor for the increase in cervical lesions.
Loneliness and social support: Differential predictive power on depression and satisfaction in senior citizens
Authors: Tomás Jose M. , Pinazo‐Hernandis Sacramento , Oliver Amparo , Donio‐Bellegarde Mónica , Tomás‐Aguirre Francisco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe lack of social support and the feelings of loneliness among older adults are associated with physical and mental health negative outcomes. This study attempts to test for their differential predictive power on depression and satisfaction in seniors. Data were drawn from a sample of 335 older adults ranging from 55 to 80 years old, with a mean age of 63.97 years (standard deviation = 5.56) attending a learning program at the University of Valencia during the academic year 2014–2015. In addition to health and wellbeing outcomes, we used the Functional Social Support Questionnaire DUKE‐UNC, and two scales of loneliness, the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and the University of California Loneliness Scale version 3. Using structural equations models with Mplus, two models were proposed to assess the predictive power of social support and loneliness on wellbeing outcomes, specifically life satisfaction and depression, while controlling for health. Results confirm the negative association between loneliness and satisfaction with life and the positive one with depression.
Tumour‐specific and organ‐specific protein synthesis rates in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: van Dijk David P.J. , Horstman Astrid M.H. , Smeets Joey S.J. , den Dulk Marcel , Grabsch Heike I. , Dejong Cornelis H.C. , Rensen Sander S. , Olde Damink Steven W.M. , van Loon Luc J.C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundLiving tissues maintain a fine balance between protein synthesis and protein breakdown rates. Animal studies indicate that protein synthesis rates are higher in organs when compared with skeletal muscle tissue. As such, organ and tumour protein synthesis could have major effects on whole‐body protein metabolism in wasting disorders such as cancer cachexia. We aimed to assess protein synthesis rates in pancreatic tumour tissue and healthy pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle tissue in vivo in humans.MethodsIn eight patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, primed continuous infusions with L‐[ring‐13C6]phenylalanine and L‐[3,5‐2H2]tyrosine were started prior to surgery and continued throughout the surgical procedures. During surgery, plasma samples and biopsies from the pancreas, pancreatic tumour, liver, and vastus lateralis muscle were taken. Post‐absorptive fractional protein synthesis rates were determined by measuring incorporation of labelled L‐[ring‐13C6]phenylalanine in tissue protein using the weighed plasma L‐[ring‐13C6]phenylalanine enrichments as the precursor pool.ResultsFive male patients and three female patients with a mean age of 67 ± 2 years were included into this study. Plasma L‐[ring‐13C6]phenylalanine enrichments (6–9 mole per cent excess) did not change during surgery (P = 0.60). Pancreatic tumour protein synthesis rates were 2.6‐fold lower than surrounding pancreatic tissue protein synthesis rates (0.268 ± 0.053 vs. 0.694 ± 0.228%/h, respectively; P = 0.028) and 1.7‐fold lower than liver protein synthesis rates (0.268 ± 0.053 vs. 0.448 ± 0.043%/h, respectively; P = 0.046). Among healthy organ samples, protein synthesis rates were 20‐fold and 13‐fold higher in pancreas and liver, respectively, compared with skeletal muscle tissue (0.694 ± 0.228 and 0.448 ± 0.043 vs. 0.035 ± 0.005%/h, respectively; P < 0.05).ConclusionsLiver and pancreas tissue protein synthesis rates are higher when compared with pancreatic tumour and skeletal muscle tissue protein synthesis rates and can, therefore, strongly impact whole‐body protein metabolism in vivo in humans.
Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection in Middle‐Limburg Belgium, year 2017: Importance of migration
Authors: Koc Özgür M. , Kremer Cécile , Bielen Rob , Buscchots Dana , Hens Niel , Nevens Frederik , Robaeys Geert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence study performed in 2003 in Belgium is believed to be underestimating HBV prevalence due to underrepresentation of the non‐Belgian population. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection in a multi‐ethnic region situated in Middle‐Limburg Belgium, in 2017.MethodsBetween May and November 2017, blood samples and questionnaires were taken from patients who presented at the emergency department of a large educational hospital. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibodies (anti‐HBc). A sample size of 1000 persons was required to obtain a representative sample of the general Middle‐Limburg population.ResultsOf the 1131 patients screened, the overall HBsAg prevalence was 0.97% with differences between Belgians (0.67%) and first‐generation‐migrants (2.55%), (P = 0.015). Five (45.5%) of 11 HBsAg‐positive individuals were not aware of their HBV status. All five (100%) newly diagnosed HBsAg‐positive patients had further clinical evaluation and all had a normal level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The prevalence of anti‐HBc was 8.4%, and was significantly associated with age‐gender‐ethnicity interaction, presence of HBV‐infected household member, hepatitis C virus infection, men who have sex with men, and hemodialysis.ConclusionsIn this area with large immigrant populations, we found a higher prevalence of HBV infection compared with the nationwide study of 2003. National HBV screening for first‐generation migrants is needed as this high‐risk group will go unnoticed due to the possible incorrect interpretation of normal ALT values.
Radiofrequency heating for powder pasteurization of barley grass: antioxidant substances, sensory quality, microbial load and energy consumption
Authors: Cao Xiaohuang , Zhang Min , Chitrakar Bimal , Mujumdar Arun S , Zhong Qifeng , Wang Zhushan , Wang Liping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDYoung barley grass powder contains abundant nutrition and its antioxidant substances are severely impaired by radiation (60Co) sterilization. To overcome product quality degradation, radiofrequency pasteurization was conducted using pilot‐scale radiofrequency equipment (27 MHz, 6 kW) with electrode gaps of 12, 14 and 16 cm, while hot‐air (80 °C) pasteurization was used for comparison.RESULTSAssessment suggested that uneven radiofrequency heating was improved for the 14 cm electrode gap. With an increase of electrode gap, microbial inactivation needs more energy consumption. A minimum energy consumption of 970 J g−1 was required for 1 log‐reduction of colonies. Radiofrequency pasteurization retained better antioxidant substances, lightness (L*), green color (a*) and odors in barley grass powder, compared with hot‐air sterilization. Contents of flavonoid and chlorophyll were 5.82 and 4.87 g kg−1 respectively, using the 14 cm electrode gap. Additionally, radiofrequency pasteurization led to an improvement in sourness, bitterness and umami tastes.CONCLUSIONSRadiofrequency pasteurization would be a superior alternative for the pasteurization of barley grass powder. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergistic effect of ultraviolet radiation and high hydrostatic pressure on texture, color, and oxidative stability of refrigerated tilapia fillets
Authors: Monteiro Maria LG , Mársico Eliane T , Rosenthal Amauri , Conte‐Junior Carlos A 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe isolated application of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) radiation may induce physicochemical changes, thus jeopardizing fish quality attributes during refrigerated storage, which could be minimized by the use of synergistic treatments. Therefore, this study investigated the combined effect of UV‐C at 0.103 ± 0.002 J cm−2 and HHP at 220 MPa for 10 min on quality parameters of tilapia fillets stored at 4 °C for 15 days.RESULTSHHP and UV‐C+HHP showed higher myoglobin concentration, higher metmyoglobin‐reducing activity, and lower a* than control and the UV‐C treatment (P < 0.05), reaching 2.49, 2.58, 1.62, 1.54 mg myoglobin g−1, 13.30, 13.81, 2.29, 2.29%, and 2.32, 2.58, 4.29, 3.98 respectively on the last day of storage. UV‐C, HHP, and UV‐C+HHP increased water‐holding capacity and decreased the pH levels, hardness, and chewiness (P < 0.05). HHP retarded lipid oxidation and UV‐C increased protein oxidation compared with control (P < 0.05), achieving 0.81 and 2.80 mg malondialdehyde per kilogram of fish tissue, and 5.50 and 4.15 nmol carbonyl per milligram of protein respectively on 15th day of the storage.CONCLUSIONBoth technologies (alone or together) enhanced texture parameters and water‐holding capacity. UV‐C did not induce color changes and lipid oxidation, whereas HHP showed high potential to prevent meat discoloration, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. In addition, this combination of methods could be an alternative to prevent protein oxidation induced by UV‐C. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Huntington's disease in the United States: Variation by demographic and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Bruzelius Emilie , Scarpa Joseph , Zhao Yiyi , Basu Sanjay , Faghmous James H. , Baum Aaron 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite extensive research regarding the etiology of Huntington's disease, relatively little is known about the epidemiology of this rare disorder, particularly in the United States where there are no national‐scale estimates of the disease.ObjectivesTo provide national‐scale estimates of Huntington's disease in a U.S. population and to test whether disease rates are increasing, and whether frequency varies by race, ethnicity, or other factors.MethodsUsing an insurance database of over 67 million enrollees, we retrospectively identified a cohort of 3,707 individuals diagnosed with Huntington's disease between 2003 and 2016. We estimated annual incidence, annual diagnostic frequency, and tested for trends over time and differences in diagnostic frequency by sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsDuring the observation period, the age‐adjusted cumulative incidence rate was1.22 per 100,000 persons (95% confidence interval: 1.53, 1.65), and age‐adjusted diagnostic frequency was 6.52 per 100,000 persons (95% confidence interval: 5.31, 5.66); both rates remained relatively stable over the 14‐year period. We identified several previously unreported differences in Huntington's disease frequency by self‐reported sex, income, and race/ethnicity. However, racial/ethnic differences were of lower magnitude than have previously been reported in other country‐level studies.ConclusionsIn these large‐scale estimates of U.S. Huntington's disease epidemiology, we found stable disease frequency rates that varied by several sociodemographic factors. These findings suggest that disease patterns may be more driven by social or environmental factors than has previously been appreciated. Results further demonstrate the potential utility of administrative Big Data in rare disease epidemiology when other data sources are unavailable. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Guo Yu , Xu Wei , Liu Feng‐Tao , Li Jie‐Qiong , Cao Xi‐Peng , Tan Lan , Wang Jian , Yu Jin‐Tai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a common and devastating manifestation in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to identify modifiable risk factors for PD with cognitive impairment.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library from June 1937 to September 2018 and included prospective cohort studies with random‐effects model used to combine estimates. Primary analyses for all types of cognitive impairments and subgroup analyses for separate outcomes were conducted.ResultsA total of 31,298 articles were identified, of which 32 articles with 18 factors met the inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. In the primary analysis, 9 modifiable risk factors were found to increase the risk of PD with cognitive impairment, including postural‐instability‐gait disorder (relative risk = 3.76, 95% confidence interval = 1.36‐10.40), hallucinations (relative risk = 3.09, 95% confidence interval = 1.61‐5.93), orthostatic hypotension (relative risk = 2.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.41‐6.28), cerebrovascular disease (relative risk = 1.52, 95% confidence interval = 1.01‐2.28), diabetes mellitus (relative risk = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.13‐1.92), obesity (relative risk = 1.38, 95% confidence interval = 1.15‐1.65), cardiac disease (relative risk = 1.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.17‐1.56), alcohol consumption (relative risk = 1.32, 95% confidence interval = 1.15‐1.52), and smoking (relative risk = 1.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.14‐1.50). In the subgroup analysis, postural‐instability‐gait disorder subtype, orthostatic hypotension and hallucinations may increase the risk of dementia in PD. A total of 37 articles were included in the systematic review, in which 9 risk factors and 1 protective factor were additionally associated in single studies with the risk of PD with cognitive impairment, and 5 factors were associated with specific cognition domains.ConclusionsEffective interventions in the management of PD symptoms, comorbidities, and lifestyles may be promising to reduce PD with cognitive impairment risk. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Two‐dimensional elastoplastic analysis of cylindrical cavity problems in Tresca materials
Authors: Zhuang Pei‐Zhi , Yu Hai‐Sui 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper presents analytical elastic‐plastic solutions for static stress loading analysis and quasi‐static expansion analysis of a cylindrical cavity in Tresca materials, considering biaxial far‐field stresses and shear stresses along the inner cavity wall. The two‐dimensional static stress solution is obtained by assuming that the plastic zone is statically determinate and using the complex variable theory in the elastic analysis. A rigorous conformal mapping function is constructed, which predicts that the elastic‐plastic boundary is in an elliptic shape under biaxial in situ stresses, and the range of the plastic zone extends with increasing internal shear stresses. The major axis of the elliptical elastic‐plastic boundary coincides with the direction of the maximum far‐field compression stress. Furthermore, considering the internal shear stresses, an analytical large‐strain displacement solution is derived for continuous cavity expansion analysis in a hydrostatic initial stress filed. Based on the derived analytical stress and displacement solutions, the influence of the internal shear stresses on the quasi‐static cavity expansion process is studied. It is shown that additional shear stresses could reduce the required normal expansion pressure to a certain degree, which partly explains the great reduction of the axial soil resistance due to rotations in rotating cone penetration tests. In addition, through additionally considering the potential influences of biaxial in situ stresses and shear stresses generated around the borehole during drillings, an improved cavity expansion approach for estimating the maximum allowable mud pressure of horizontal directional drillings (HDDs) in undrained clays is proposed and validated.