bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous Fat Fibrosis Links Obesity to Insulin Resistance in Chinese Americans
Authors: Alba Diana L , Farooq Jeffrey A , Lin Matthew Y C , Schafer Anne L , Shepherd John , Koliwad Suneil K 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objective
Type 2 diabetes presents at a lower body mass index (BMI) in Chinese individuals than in white individuals. We sought to determine the role of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT)–intrinsic factors, vs BMI or adiposity per se, in the vulnerability of Chinese individuals to obesity-associated impairment of insulin sensitivity.

Research Design and Methods
Thirty-two Chinese and 30 white men and women from a cohort in the San Francisco Bay Area underwent anthropometric measurements, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) analyses, and measurement of fasting plasma glucose and insulin. Forty-eight also provided abdominal SCAT samples for transcriptional and biochemical analyses of tissue fibrosis.

Results
BMI correlated with total body fat in white (r = 0.74, P &lt; 0.001) but not Chinese individuals, whereas BMI correlated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accrual in both ethnicities (r = 0.88 and 0.81, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). Insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) worsened with VAT mass, but not total body fat, in Chinese subjects (r = 0.63, P &lt; 0.01), whereas it worsened with both in white individuals. By contrast, SCAT mRNA levels of genes encoding profibrotic proteins rose remarkably along with both BMI and VAT mass in Chinese but not white subjects. Similarly, SCAT levels of hydroxyproline, an indicator of tissue collagen content that correlated with increasing VAT mass, were higher in Chinese vs white subjects, particularly in the setting of relative insulin resistance.

Conclusions
Our findings dissociate BMI from adiposity in Chinese individuals and instead highlight SCAT fibrosis as a process linked to visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in this group.
Impact of Thyroid Hormone Therapy on Atherosclerosis in the Elderly With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Blum Manuel R , Gencer Baris , Adam Luise , Feller Martin , Collet Tinh-Hai , da Costa Bruno R , Moutzouri Elisavet , Dopheide Jörn , Depairon Michèle , Sykiotis Gerasimos P , Kearney Patricia , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Westendorp Rudi , Stott David J , Bauer Douglas C , Rodondi Nicolas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Context
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) has been associated with atherosclerosis, but no conclusive clinical trials assessing the levothyroxine impact on carotid atherosclerosis exist.

Objective
To assess the impact of treatment of SHypo with levothyroxine on carotid atherosclerosis.

Design and Setting
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial nested within the Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Subclinical Hypothyroidism trial.

Participants
Participants aged ≥65 years with SHypo [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 4.60 to 19.99 mIU/L; free thyroxine level within reference range].

Intervention
Levothyroxine dose-titrated to achieve TSH normalization or placebo, including mock titrations.

Main Outcome Measures
Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), maximum plaque thickness measured with ultrasound.

Results
One hundred eighty-five participants (mean age 74.1 years, 47% women, 96 randomized to levothyroxine) underwent carotid ultrasound. Overall mean TSH ± SD was 6.35 ± 1.95 mIU/L at baseline and decreased to 3.55 ± 2.14 mIU/L with levothyroxine compared with 5.29 ± 2.21 mIU/L with placebo (P &lt; 0.001). After a median treatment of 18.4 months (interquartile range 12.2 to 30.0 months), mean CIMT was 0.85 ± 0.14 mm under levothyroxine and 0.82 ± 0.13 mm under placebo [between-group difference = 0.02 mm; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.06; P = 0.30]. The proportion of carotid plaque was similar (n = 135; 70.8% under levothyroxine and 75.3% under placebo; P = 0.46). Maximum carotid plaque thickness was 2.38 ± 0.92 mm under levothyroxine and 2.37 ± 0.91 mm under placebo (between-group difference −0.03; 95% CI, −0.34 to 0.29; P = 0.86). There were no significant interactions between levothyroxine treatment and mean CIMT, according to sex, baseline TSH (categories 4.6 to 6.9, 7.0 to 9.9, and ≥10 mIU/L), or established cardiovascular disease (all P for interaction ≥ 0.14).

Conclusion
Normalization of TSH with levothyroxine was associated with no difference in CIMT and carotid atherosclerosis in older persons with SHypo.
Increased Risk of Sudden Sensory Neural Hearing Loss in Osteoporosis: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study
Authors: Kim So Young , Kong Il Gyu , Lim Hyun , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractContextThe results of a previous population cohort study suggested an association between osteoporosis and sudden sensory neural hearing loss (SSNHL).ObjectivesTo use a nationwide cohort in the Korean population to investigate the risk of SSNHL in patients with osteoporosis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData entered from 2002 to 2013 were collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. A total of 68,241 patients with osteoporosis aged ≥50 years were matched with 68,241 control individuals. The crude (simple) and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of SSNHL in those with osteoporosis were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. A subgroup analysis was performed according to age and sex.ResultsThe risk of SSNHL was greater in the osteoporosis group than in the control group (adjusted HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.37 to 1.78; P &lt; 0.001). The risk of SSNHL in those with osteoporosis was greater in patients aged &lt;60 years, regardless of sex. Women aged ≥60 years had a higher HR for SSNHL in the presence of osteoporosis (women aged 60 to 69 years: adjusted HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.08; P &lt; 0.001; women aged ≥70 years: adjusted HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.79; P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe risk of SSNHL was greater for patients with osteoporosis aged ≥50 years. Middle-age adults, as well as the elderly, are at an increased risk of SSNHL in the presence of osteoporosis.
Transverse anisotropy in the deformation of the muscle during dynamic contractions
Authors: Randhawa Avleen , Wakeling James M. 
Published: May 2018

When pennate muscle fibres shorten, the transverse deformation of fibres results in an increase in pennation angle of fascicles (bundles of fibres) and transverse deformation of muscle belly. Transverse shape changes of a muscle can influence force generation. Recent modelling studies predicted asymmetrical transverse deformations in the muscle fascicles in the gastrocnemii. However, these predictions have not been tested experimentally. Since muscle is a 3D entity it is important to explore the structural changes in a 3D perspective to enhance our understanding of the underlying structural mechanisms that have functional implications.
The medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles from 12 subjects were imaged during plantarflexion movements on a dynamometer. The muscle belly was simultaneously scanned from two orthogonal directions using two ultrasound probes. Fascicle deformations were measured from the two orthogonal ultrasound scans to provide 3D information of muscle geometry.
Whilst transverse deformations in the medial gastrocnemius were similar from the two directions, the data for the lateral gastrocnemius confirm that transverse anisotropy can occur in the muscle fascicles. As the lateral gastrocnemius fascicle length shortened, the pennation angle increased and the fascicles bulged transversally in one direction (closest to the typical 2D scanning plane) while thinning in other orthogonal direction. It is suggested that the transverse deformation of the muscle fascicles depends on the stiffness of the aponeuroses, properties of connective tissue structures surrounding muscle, and compressive forces both internal and external to the muscle. These results highlight that muscle fascicles do not bulge uniformly and the implications for this behavior on muscle function remain largely unexplored.
Adequacy of food consumption in elderly Alzheimer’s disease in a community of Southern Brazil: a Cross-sectional study
Authors: Hilgemberg Glaucia Renee , Silva Aline Jacoski de Oliveira Krüger da , Fermino Bárbara Luisa , Diedrich Camila , Benincá Simone Carla , Pinheiro Débora Fernandes , Ivanski Flávia , Santos Fernando Sluchensci dos , Silva Weber Cláudio Francisco Nunes da , Mazur Caryna Eurich , Fabbri Roberta , Bonini Juliana Sartori 
Published: May 2018

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, with a multifactorial etiology, in which the person has great difficulty identifying feelings of hunger, satiety, and feeding, which may affect their nutritional status. Pathologically, it is associated with neurodegeneration of synapses followed by neuronal loss, accompanied by glial proliferation surrounded by neurofibrillary tangles, beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposition, inflammation and cerebrovascular injury hindering the ability to perform activities of daily living. This study aimed to analyze quantitatively the differences between an elderly group with AD and a control group, in terms of macro and micronutrient consumption evaluation. Methods: the study involved 69 participants who were assessed via collection of anthropometric measurements (weight, height and body mass index) with nutritional status being assessed by 24-hour food recall and three-day food record. Cognitive assessments were performed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Ranting (CDR). Results: The intake of lipids in patients with severe dementia, was lower (p <0.05). The consumption of proteins showed a decrease with demential advance. For vitamins, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) in the amount of thiamine, niacin, vitamin D, E and K and calcium, chromium and iodine minerals, which were significantly reduced in AD patients (p <0.05). Conclusions: Decreases in macronutrient and micronutrient consumption may result in a consequent impairment of nutritional status, dementia progression, and decreased quality and life expectancy of elderly patients with AD.
Smoking Cessation After Hospital Discharge: Factors Associated With Abstinence
Authors: Streck Joanna M. , Chang Yuchiao , Tindle Hilary A. , Regan Susan , Park Elyse R. , Levy Douglas E. , Singer Daniel E. , Ylioja Thomas , Rigotti Nancy A. 
Published: May 2018

Hospitalization offers tobacco smokers an opportunity to quit smoking, but factors associated with abstinence from tobacco after hospital discharge are poorly understood. We analyzed data from a multisite, randomized controlled trial testing a smoking cessation intervention for 1,357 hospitalized cigarette smokers who planned to quit. Using multiple logistic regression, we assessed factors identifiable in the hospital that were independently associated with biochemically confirmed tobacco abstinence six months after discharge. Biochemically confirmed abstinence at six months (n = 218, 16%) was associated with a smoking‐related primary discharge diagnosis (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.41‐2.77), greater confidence in the ability to quit smoking (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.60), and stronger intention to quit (plan to quit after discharge vs try to quit; AOR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.19‐2.38). In conclusion, smokers hospitalized with a tobacco‐related illness and those with greater confidence and intention to quit after discharge are more likely to sustain abstinence in the long term. Hospital clinicians' efforts to promote smoking cessation should target smokers' confidence and motivation to quit.Funding Source: The study was funded by NIH/NHLBI [grant #R01‐HL11821].
THE OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION ROUTINE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND ITS CONTENT IN LI-CHENS THALLI
Authors: Дымова (Dymova) Ольга (Ol'ga) Васильевна (Vasil'evna) , Кузиванова (Kuzivanova) Ольга (Ol'ga) Александровна (Аleksandrovna) 
Published: May 2018

In this study the way of photosynthetic pigments extraction (chlorophylls and carotinoids) from lichens thalli of two species (Lobaria pulmonaria and Cladonia rangiferina) was optimized. Use of dimethylsulphoxide : acetone (2 : 1) mix, without heating of the pigment extract at 65 °C was recommended. Previous rinsing of thallus by acetone depends on a lichen species and habitat conditions (pollution, etc.). By means of the developed technique the chlorophylls and carotenoids content was defined in 21 different lichen species growing in a middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. There are folious and bushy lichens among these species. The lichens were divided into three groups according to photobionts: species with green algae, species with cyanobacteria, and tripartite species with green algal photobionts and cyanobacteria in cephalodia. Across species, significant differences on accumulation of photosynthetic pigments pool was revealed. Thallus chlorophyll concentration ranged 0.4–0.6 mg/g, carotenoids – 0.15–0.30 mg/g in the most of studied lichen species. Photosynthetic pigments, especially chlorophyll a, in the lichens thallus can serve as the important bioindicator on the changing environment conditions and criterion of ecological assessment of habitats. It is important for biomonitoring of the environment and use of lichens as medical materials because of their biochemical structure (pigments, polysaccharides, lichen acids, etc.).
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING THE TALL OIL BY LIGNIGN PHASE THERMAL EFFICIEN-CY AND EVALUATING THE CONFORMITY OF ITS QUALITY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF STANDARD-SETTING DOCUMENTS
Authors: Глуханов (Glukhanov) Анатолий (Аnatolij) Андреевич (Аndreevich) , Третьяков (Tretyakov) Сергей (Sergej) Иванович (Ivanovich) 
Published: May 2018

The main problem of industrial methods of production of tall oil is significant losses of the finished product with the waste of production – the lignin phase. It is a stable emulsion of the oil-in-water type, stabilized by lignin. Traditional ways to reduce the loss of tall oil by destroying the lignin phase are associated with a number of difficulties and in industrial practice are almost not currently used. In the present work, in order to increase the yield of tall oil when it is separated from the sulphate soap, a method for breaking the emulsion by heat treatment is proposed. The effect of the heat treatment temperature on the yield of tall oil from the lignin phase was studied. Optimum in relation to the yield of tall oil from the lignin phase is the temperature-time mode of heat treatment. It is shown that, under the optimal regime, the loss of tall oil with waste is reduced by 80%. Based on the results of the studies, a variant of the mechanism of changes occurring with components of the lignin phase during heat treatment is proposed. The composition of the components of the product after heat treatment at different temperatures has been studied. The values of the quality indicators of the obtained tall oil were established and their compliance with the requirements of the standard-setting documents in force in the territory of Russia was assessed. It was noted that all the parameters of the oil obtained during heat treatment correspond to the values established in the normative documents at the processing temperature from 100 to 140 °С. Based on the results of work, the heat treatment mode optimized for yield and quality of tall oil is proposed.
ADVANCED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF HIGH PURITY ARABINOGALACTAN
Authors: Медведева (Medvedeva) Елена (Elena) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Малков (Malkov) Юрий (Yurij) Алексеевич (Аlekseevich) , Бабкин (Babkin) Василий (Vasilij) Анатольевич (Аnatol'evich) 
Published: May 2018

The technology of larch wood arabinogalactan production, combined with the preparation of dihydroquercetin, has been developed. The improved process includes the following steps: extraction of larch raw material with hot water (80–90 °C) after extraction of dihydroquercetin from it; purification of the obtained extract from high-molecular impurities by ultrafiltration using a hydrophobic membrane; concentration and additional purification of the extract from low molecular weight phenolic impurities by diafiltration using a hydrophilic membrane; spray drying of the concentrate. The concentrate drying parameters are optimized. The improved technology makes it possible to obtain a product with a main substance content ≥98%, to exclude the use of imported reagents – flocculants, and, therefore, the expenses of separation from clarified extract cake and its utilization are eliminated. Undoubted advantages of the developed technology are the reduction of the purification time of the extract, as well as the ability to automate the process of AG production and realize it in a continuous mode, that increase the feasibility and economic efficiency of the process, as well as to increase the exploitation time of the hydrophilic membrane, and to reduce energy costs.
APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL ADDITIVES FOR RESOURCE CONSERVATION PRODUCTION OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD
Authors: Остапенко (Ostapenko) Алина (Alina) Анатольевна (Anatol'evna) , Ковернинский (Koverninskij) Иван (Ivan) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Ткаченко (Tkachenko) Ольга (Ol'ga) Викторовна (Viktorovna) 
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study is to evaluate the interaction of amphoteric polymer resins with cellulose fibers at the molecular level.The interaction of amphoteric polymer resins with cellulose fragments was determined by standard 1H NMR and 13C spectroscopy techniques.To study the interaction of amphoteric polymeric resins with cellulose at the molecular level, imitation modeling has been carried out in the work. The essence of the simulation is the replacement of cellulose fibers with substances that are close to the functional purpose of cellulose. Such substances include glucose, sucrose, starch and ethylene glycol, which dissolve in water. It is established that in the presence of a large amount of water in the APS – waste paper system, intermolecular and interfluid hydrogen bonds are formed, and upon reaching a critical amount of water in the system, new covalent ether-type bonds are formed between the functional groups of the components as model systems and amphoteric polymeric systems resin - cellulose and this indicates the possibility of increasing the physical and mechanical properties of paper and paperboard from secondary raw materials.The results show that simulation simulation of structural and functional transformations in complex systems, including the cellulose-APS system, confirms the presence in them of processes that occur during the interaction of amphoteric polymeric resins with hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibers
Estudio longitudinal sobre la adherencia al patrón de dieta mediterránea en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud
Authors: Sánchez-Fideli María Amparo , Gutiérrez-Hervás Ana , Rizo-Baeza Mercedes , Cortés-Castell Ernesto 
Published: May 2018

Introducción: El periodo universitario suele ser el momento en que los estudiantes asumen por primera vez su propia alimentación y pueden adquirir hábitos que repercutirán en su futura salud. Se analiza la evolución del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud estudiando los efectos de la formación recibida en el primer curso y en el segundo curso académico.Material y métodos: Estudio piloto sobre el seguimiento de 124 estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Cardenal Herrera - CEU (grados de Enfermería y Fisioterapia), mediante el cuestionario KIDMED en primer curso y durante el segundo curso académico, valorando los cambios en la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea y posibles factores asociados (sexo, grado de procedencia, comensalidad, estado de IMC y valoración de la adherencia previa). Resultados: Se encuentra buena correlación entre IMC inicial y final (r2=0,848; p<0,001) y valoración KIDMED inicial y final (r2=0,691; p<0,001). El IMC no muestra diferencias significativas al recibir la formación. Se produce un incremento significativo de la valoración KIDMED, mayor en los alumnos de enfermería (p=0,045). El 50,8 % mejora su adherencia a la dieta, tanto en el análisis bivariante como multivariante de regresión logística binaria, únicamente se observa asociación inversa a la adherencia inicial (OR= 1,68 (1,35-2,08); IC 95%; p<0,001). Conclusiones: se observó una ligera mejoría en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea cuando los estudiantes cursaban segundo curso de ciencias de la salud. Por ello, incluir información científica acerca de hábitos dietéticos y estilos de vida saludables a los universitarios contribuye a mejorar sus propios hábitos y poderlos promover entre sus futuros pacientes.
Aging and an Immune Challenge Interact to Produce Prolonged, but Not Permanent, Reductions in Hippocampal L-LTP and mBDNF in a Rodent Model with Features of Delirium
Authors: Tanaka Naoto , Cortese Giuseppe P. , Barrientos Ruth M. , Maier Steven F. , Patterson Susan L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAging increases the risk of abrupt declines in cognitive function after an event that triggers immune system activation (e.g. surgery, infection, or injury). This phenomenon is poorly understood, but rodent models may provide clues. We have previously shown that aging (24-mo-old) F344xBN rats generally do not show significant physical or cognitive impairments. However, their brains mount an exaggerated inflammatory response to signals triggered by a peripheral immune challenge (an intraperitoneal injection ofEscherichia colior laparotomy). Their hippocampal levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β are significantly elevated for at least 8 d, but generally less than 14 d, after infection or surgery. This IL-1β elevation is mirrored by prolonged deficits in a hippocampus-dependent long-term memory task. In contrast, young (3-mo-old) counterparts exhibit only transient elevations in IL-1β that drop to near baseline levels within 24 h. We previously demonstrated that theta burst–evoked late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP)—a BDNF-dependent form of synaptic plasticity—is impaired in hippocampal area CA1 of aged animals 4 d after infection. Also, levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF)—the protein isoform required for stabilization of L-LTP—are reduced in hippocampal synaptoneurosomes of aged animals at the same time point. In this study, we investigated whether the deficits in L-LTP and mBDNF persist in parallel with the elevation in IL-1β and impairment in memory. This was the case, consistent with the idea that an exaggerated brain inflammatory response may compromise memory consolidation in part by altering availability of mBDNF to stabilize memory-related synaptic plasticity.