bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of lubricant properties of vegetable oils as base oil for industrial lubricant
Authors: Sneha E , Rani S , Arif Muhammed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The possible insufficiency of oil resources in the future and the poor bio-degradability of mineral oil based lubricant resulted in the need of bio lubricant. Bio-based products are typically produced from vegetable oils. For the present study rice bran oil [RBO], jatropha oil [JO] and karanja oil [KO] are selected as the base oils for the industrial lubricant. Friction and wear characteristics are evaluated on four ball tester and the initial findings show that wear scar of RBO is lowest, this is because of the presence of natural anti-oxidants like gamma oryzanol. The coefficient of friction and wear of all the oils were evaluated as per ASTM D5183 and ASTMD 4172 respectively. Viscosity of the oils are tested on Brookfield rheometer and KO is having high viscosity when compared to other two oils but the change in viscosity with temperature is low for both RBO and JO. Chemical properties of the oils are conducted as per IS: 548 (Part 1) –1964. The iodine value for KO is less when compared to RBO and JO. Less iodine value is required to impart better oxidation stability. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that RBO is stable till 320 °C and KO, JO started degrading at 200 °C. The thermal properties of all the oils are measured and RBO has shown better properties at wide range of temperatures. The disadvantages of vegetable oils like oxidative stability need to be improved by adding additives and by chemical modifications.
Design optimization of steering knuckle by adopting bionic design approach
Authors: Ghungarde Vikas , Awachar Sudhir , Vaidya N K , Jagadeesha T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Weight optimization plays vital role in performance improvement for an automobile. In vehicle, steering knuckle is one of critical components as it is subjected to millions of varying cyclic loads and it contributes to unsprung mass of vehicle. Therefore, steering knuckle of passenger vehicle is selected for this research work. The aim of this research work is to relate optimized shape of the part with bionic shape, which will give the optimum design. Topology optimization is used as a tool for getting optimum material layout with given space and boundary conditions. The objective function for topology optimization is to maximize stiffness with minimum mass constraints as 30%. The optimization is done by Altair INSPIRE software in which the part is imported as cad model with SG 500/7 as part material. The final surface modeling is done by Polyworks software package for parametric model and result of that modelling has been applied for the standard analysis of the part. The proposed design of the parts meets the strength and stiffness as per requirement. For physical prototype the part is manufactured by additive manufacturing using AlSi10Mg as a material and required properties for same material is also generated. New proposed design of the part shows that there is reduction in weight by 35%.
Optimal Design and Analyses of T-shaped rotor Magnetorheological Brake
Authors: Acharya S , Saini T R S , Kumar H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) brakes, belonging to the class of electromagnetic brakes, have a potential to replace conventional hydraulic brakes owing to reversible, rapidly controllable torque characteristics. In this study, T-shaped rotor MR brake was considered due to their higher braking torque capability and compactness compared to other configurations of brake. Optimal design of the brake was performed considering brake rotor radius, rotor thickness, flange length, casing thickness, coil height and coil width. Magnetostatic analyses were performed for different combinations of parameters of the brake dimensions to compute the magnetic flux density generated in the MR fluid region and the torque ratio and mass were calculated. The optimum dimensions of the brake were determined based on maximization of torque ratio and minimization of mass of the brake using multi-objective Genetic algorithm optimization technique. Further, magnetostatic analyses of the T-rotor brake with optimal dimensions were performed and torque characteristics were compared with those obtained for brake with simple disk rotor. It was concluded that T-rotor brake produces higher braking torque compared to simple disk rotor type MR brake for similar dimensions.
Impurity effects on nano-structured dirty superconductors: violation of Anderson’s Theorem
Authors: Umeda Masaki , Kato Masaru 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is shown that in nano-structured s-wave superconductor, transition temperature T

c
depends on random impurity potentials. This means violation of the Anderson’s theorem, which states that non-magnetic impurity does not affect the T

c
of s-wave superconductor. We determine the impurity effects on T

c
for nano-structured superconductor, using the finite element method to solve the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations under spatially a random impurity potential. We show that some impurity potentials increase T

c
but other impurity potentials decrease T

c
. We find that the superconductor with localized order parameter shows increased T

c
, which is contrary to expectation. Our results show that a dirty superconductor does not always mean weak superconductivity.
Beyond the isotropic Lifshitz endpoint
Authors: Chang Tom T S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The puzzle of the disappearance of isotropic Lifshitz points in condensed matter physics is explained from the point of view of the Wilsonian renormalization group. In analogy to the commensurate ideas of metamagnetic phase transitions, we describe the physics of thermodynamic states beyond an isotropic Lifshitz endpoint. Such phenomenon may be understood in terms of a statistically isotropic environment of coexisting multiple helicoidal and non-helicoidal states. In addition to the magnetic and condensed matter discussions, we consider also an interesting example in the context of cosmic evolution.
The interaction between grain boundary and tool geometry in nanocutting of a bi-crystal copper
Authors: Wang Zhanfeng , Sun Tao , Zhang Haijun , Li Guo , Li Zengqiang , Zhang Junjie , Yan Yongda , Hartmaier Alexander 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anisotropy is one central influencing factor on achievable ultimate machined surface integrity of metallic materials. Specifically, grain boundary has a strong impact on the deformation behaviour of polycrystalline materials and correlated material removal at the microscale. In the present work, we perform molecular dynamics simulations and experiments to elucidate the underlying grain boundary-associated mechanisms and their correlations with machining results of a bi-crystal Cu under nanocutting using a Berkovich tool. Specifically, crystallographic orientations of simulated bi-crystal Cu with a misorientation angle of 44.1° are derived from electron backscatter diffraction characterization of utilized polycrystalline copper specimen. Simulation results reveal that blocking of dislocation motion at grain boundaries, absorption of dislocations by grain boundaries and dislocation nucleation from grain boundaries are operating deformation modes in nanocutting of the bi-crystal Cu. Furthermore, heterogeneous grain boundary-associated mechanisms in neighbouring grains lead to strong anisotropic machining behaviour in the vicinity of the grain boundary. Simulated machined surface morphology and machining force evolution in the vicinity of grain boundary qualitatively agree well with experimental results. It is also found that the geometry of Berkovich tool has a strong impact on grain boundary-associated mechanisms and resultant ploughing-induced surface pile-up phenomenon.
Impact of an extended International Normalized Ratio follow-up interval on healthcare use among veteran patients on stable warfarin doses
Authors: Margolis Amanda R , Porter Andrea L , Staresinic Carla E , Ray Cheryl A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To analyze the impact of a 12-week extended International Normalized Ratio (INR) follow-up interval on healthcare use.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of the use of an extended INR follow-up interval of up to 12 weeks was conducted over 2 years in a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic. A detailed protocol was used to extend the INR follow-up interval to 5–6 weeks and then 7–8 weeks and 11–12 weeks. The number of planned and unplanned anticoagulation encounters, procedures requiring warfarin interruption, telephone triage phone calls, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations were collected. A post hoc subanalysis was also completed on participants who were scheduled for 4 consecutive 12-week intervals.

Results
Compared to baseline, at 12 months there was a mean decrease in planned anticoagulation encounters of 2.24 visits (p < 0.001) among 44 participants. From 12 to 24 months compared to baseline, there was a mean decrease in planned anticoagulation encounters of 3.13 visits (p < 0.001) and an increase of 0.54 unplanned anticoagulation encounters (p = 0.04) among 39 participants. The remainder of healthcare use variables were not statistically significantly different from baseline at any time point. Of the 15 participants scheduled for 4 consecutive 12-week intervals, there was a decrease from baseline of approximately 5 visits over the course of a year (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
An extended INR follow-up interval appears to decrease anticoagulation healthcare use without an increase in acute healthcare use. While this intervention could be cost-effective, institutions need to consider safety, efficacy, and feasibility prior to implementation.
On the Green function of the Lord–Shulman thermoelasticity equations
Authors: Wang Zhi-Wei , Fu Li-Yun , Wei Jia , Hou Wanting , Ba Jing , Carcione José M 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
Thermoelasticity extends the classical elastic theory by coupling the fields of particle displacement and temperature. The classical theory of thermoelasticity, based on a parabolic-type heat-conduction equation, is characteristic of an unphysical behaviour of thermoelastic waves with discontinuities and infinite velocities as a function of frequency. A better physical system of equations incorporates a relaxation term into the heat equation; the equations predict three propagation modes, namely, a fast P wave (E wave), a slow thermal P wave (T wave), and a shear wave (S wave). We formulate a second-order tensor Green's function based on the Fourier transform of the thermodynamic equations. It is the displacement–temperature solution to a point (elastic or heat) source. The snapshots, obtained with the derived second-order tensor Green's function, show that the elastic and thermal P modes are dispersive and lossy, which is confirmed by a plane-wave analysis. These modes have similar characteristics of the fast and slow P waves of poroelasticity. Particularly, the thermal mode is diffusive at low thermal conductivities and becomes wave-like for high thermal conductivities.
Methane production and nitrogen balance of dairy heifers grazing palisade grass cv. Marandu alone or with forage peanut
Authors: Berça Andressa S , Cardoso Abmael Da S , Longhini Vanessa Z , Tedeschi Luís O , Boddey Robert Michael , Berndt Alexandre , Reis Ricardo A , Ruggieri Ana Cláudia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLivestock production systems are an essential agribusiness activity in Brazil, but a critical challenge of Brazilian farmers is to maintain the equilibrium of the ecosystem, using herbage resources efficiently with a minimum impact on the environment. Nitrogen (N) fertilization and the inclusion of forage legumes into tropical grass pastures are management strategies which increase the productivity and nutritive value of pastures and may also affect methane (CH4) production by ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of either fertilizing palisade grass pastures with N or including the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) into grass pastures on enteric CH4 emission, microbial protein production in the rumen via purine derivatives in the urine, and N balance. Twenty-one nonlactating crossbred dairy heifers were used in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments. The treatments consisted of pastures of palisade grass without N fertilization (control), fertilized with urea (fertilized), and palisade grass mixed with forage peanut (mixed). Seven animals (replications) were used to evaluate dry matter intake, digestibility, CH4 emission, urea, purine derivatives, and volume of urine, and N ingestion and excretion. Four paddocks (replications) were used to measure herbage mass; morphological, botanical, and chemical composition of herbage; and herbage allowance. The CH4 emissions were determined using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique. The efficiency of N utilization (ENU) was calculated using the N balance data. Crude protein (CP) concentration of herbage increased with fertilization or legumes inclusion (P < 0.0001) while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration decreased (P = 0.0355). The leaf allowance was higher in the fertilized treatment (P = 0.0294). Only uric acid excretion increased with N fertilization (P = 0.0204). The ENU was not affected by fertilized or mixed compared to control and averaged 55% (P = 0.8945). The enteric CH4 production was similar between treatments and averaged 129 g/d (P = 0.3989). We concluded that the changes in chemical composition of herbage provided by N fertilization or the inclusion of the legume showed no reduction in enteric CH4 emissions, but the ENU was more significant than previous studies with palisade grass, suggesting that different management strategies might alter the ENU under grazing conditions.
Mapping the Potential Distribution of Oak Wilt (Bretziella fagacearum) in East Central and Southeast Minnesota Using Maxent
Authors: Gearman Melissa , Blinnikov Mikhail S 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the advancement of spatial analysis and remote sensing technology, potentially devastating forest pathogens can be managed through spatial modeling. This study used Maxent, a presence-only species-distribution model, to map the potential probability distribution of the invasive forest pathogen oak wilt (Bretziella fagacearum) in eastern and southeastern Minnesota. The model related oak wilt occurrence data to environmental variables including climate, topography, land cover, soil, and population density. Results showed that areas with the highest probability of oak wilt occur within and surrounding the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. The jackknife test of variable importance indicated land cover and soil type as important variables contributing to the prediction of the distribution. Multiple methods of analysis showed that the model performed better than random at predicting the occurrence of oak wilt. This study shows Maxent’s potential as an accurate tool in the early detection and management of forest diseases.
Modelling the interaction between relativistic and non-relativistic winds in binary pulsar systems: strong magnetization of the pulsar wind
Authors: Bogovalov S V , Khangulyan D , Koldoba A , Ustyugova G V , Aharonian F 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a numerical study of the properties of the flow produced by the collision of a magnetized anisotropic pulsar wind with the circumbinary environment. We focus on studying the impact of the high wind magnetization on the geometrical structure of the shocked flow. This work is an extension of our earlier studies that focused on a purely hydrodynamic interaction and weak wind magnetization. We consider the collision in the axisymmetric approximation, i.e. the pulsar rotation axis is assumed to be oriented along the line between the pulsar and the optical star. The increase of the magnetization results in the expansion of the opening cone in which the shocked pulsar wind propagates. This effect is explained in the frameworks of the conventional theory of collimation of magnetized winds. This finding has a direct implication for scenarios that involve Doppler boosting as the primary mechanism behind the GeV flares detected with the Fermi Large Area Telescope from PSR B1259−63/LS 2883. The maximum enhancement of the apparent emission is determined by the ratio of 4$\pi$ to the solid in which the shocked pulsar wind propagates. Our simulations suggest that this enhancement factor is decreased by the impact of the magnetic field.
New Drug Indications for Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes, Cystic Fibrosis, and Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: October 2019

Liraglutide (Victoza) is now approved for use in children 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes.Tezacaftor–ivacaftor (Symdeko) is now approved for children six years and older with cystic fibrosis and a specific genetic mutation. Previously, the combination drug was approved for children ages 12 and older.The combination antiinfective ceftolozane–tazobactam (Zerbaxa) is now approved to treat hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia in patients 18 years and older. The dose of ceftolozane–tazobactam is higher for this indication than for others.
Special Feature: Countering Vaccine Misinformation
Authors: Danielson Lindsey , Marcus Blima , Boyle Lori 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT:
Evidence consistently shows that vaccines are safe, effective, and cost-efficient. Yet preventable outbreaks of infectious diseases are occurring in the United States, leading to a strong public response and intense scrutiny of the antivaccine movement and its persistent spread of misinformation. Social media has been a major platform for such misinformation, and recent examinations have found that nurses are not exempt from engaging in antivaccine discourse.
By practicing evidence-based care, addressing health literacy, and becoming involved in public health policy, nurses can be excellent advocates for immunization and may help prevent additional outbreaks of preventable diseases.
Fluid Overload and Risk of Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Gomes Jessica , Pesavento Marcele Liliane , de Freitas Flavia Fernandes Manfredi , de Andrade Coelho Filipe Utuari 
Published: October 2019

Background
Fluid overload (FO) is a condition present in critical care units, and it is associated with clinical complications and worse outcomes for severe patients.

Objective
The aim of this study was to verify if FO is a risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods
Retrospective study performed in a Brazilian intensive care unit, from January to March 2016, with patients older than 18 years and hospitalized for more than 24 hours. Demographic and clinical data, as well as fluid balance and overload, were analyzed to verify the risk factors for mortality. A logistic regression model was elaborated, and significance was set at P < .05.

Results
There were 158 patients included, of which only 13 (8.2%) presented FO. Mortality was verified in individuals 30 (18.9%), of whom only 7 (23.3%) developed FO, which was lower in survivors 6 (4.9%), P = .001. In the simple regression model, the FO was significant (odds ratio [OR], 6.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04–19.53), P = .001. However, in the multiple regression model, there were significant findings only for mechanical ventilation (OR, 5.86; 95% CI, 2.10–18.12, P = .001), acute kidney injury (OR, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.53–11; P = .001), and noradrenaline (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.01–9.51; P = .041); FO was not significant (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 0.91–15.55; P = .069).

Conclusion
Fluid overload is higher in patients who died. Therefore, it was not considered a risk factor for mortality.
Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in women
Authors: Whiteside James L. , Yuen Hoi T.H. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the problem of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) in women and the most recent publications on the topic.

Recent findings
Urologic malignancy is rarely associated with AMH in low-risk women. Screening for urologic malignancy includes upper urinary tract imaging and cystoscopy. Renal ultrasound is a cost-effective first-line imaging modality in patients with AMH. Multiphasic computed tomography (CT) urography increases healthcare costs, the risk of secondary malignancy due to cumulative radiation exposure, and the discovery of incidental benign findings resulting in additional work-up. Cystoscopy is universally recommended as a diagnostic test in the evaluation of AMH but it is not without harm. Reliable risk factors for urologic malignancy in women are age, smoking, and possibly the presence of visible blood in the urine. Given the infrequency of these cancers and the performance characteristics of diagnostic testing in this context there is a need for better diagnostic strategies incorporating these risk factors in estimating the woman's risk.

Summary
There is a need for sex-specific guidelines to risk stratify diagnostic evaluation for urologic malignancy in women with AMH. The low prevalence of these malignancies in women render diagnostic testing (e.g., cystoscopy and multiphasic CT urography) less impactful and pose unwarranted risk and significant healthcare costs.
Surgically-Relevant Anatomy of the External Auditory Canal Bulge and Scutum
Authors: Kennel Christopher E. , Puricelli Michael D. , Rivera Arnaldo L. 
Published: October 2019

Hypothesis:
Anatomic study of the external auditory canal's (EAC) anterior bulge, scutum, and ossicular chain will generate knowledge applicable to safe ear surgery and instrument design.

Background:
The EAC contains two structures that obscure view of the middle ear: the anterior bulge and the scutum. The dimensions of these structures and their relationships to the ossicular chain have not been previously described.

Methods:
Cadaveric temporal bones underwent computed tomography scanning, and three-dimensional reconstructions were created. Dimensions and angles of the EAC, its anterior bulge and scutum were measured. Distances to ossicular landmarks and the facial nerve were examined.

Results:
The anterior EAC had a swan-neck shape. The thinnest portion was located medially and correlated with the canal thickness at the anterior bulge. However the thickness of the anterior bulge was not correlated with its angulation. The scutum averaged 3.8 mm long with a base thickness of 2.3 mm and a mean tip angle of 33 degrees. The short process of the incus was significantly closer to the scutum than other ossicular landmarks.

Conclusion:
Prominent anterior canal bulges are formed by posterior temporomandibular joints, not thicker bone. The scutum has asymmetric distances to various portions of the ossicles with the incus short process sometimes as close as 0.2 mm, placing it at risk of injury.