bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are family firms more optimistic than non-family firms?
Authors: Huang Xuan , Kang Fei 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate how family ownership affects the disclosure tone of firm earnings press releases.

Design/methodology/approach
Following prior literature, this study defines family firms as those in which members of the founding families continue to hold positions in top management, to sit on the board or to be blockholders. The disclosure tone of earnings press releases is measured by the level of optimism in firms’ earnings announcements using Loughran and McDonald’s (2011) word classifications. Multivariate analysis is performed to examine the impact of family ownership on firms’ disclosure tone. Additional analysis includes controlling for different firm-level characteristics and using alternative measures of disclosure tone.

Findings
This study documents that the disclosure tone of earnings announcements is more optimistic for family firms than for non-family firms. The result implies that family owners’ large undiversified equity position in their business results in strong incentives for them to issue more positive earnings announcements to maintain high stock performance. Further analysis reveals that the results are mainly driven by family firms with founder CEOs. The results are robust to controls for corporate governance characteristics and to alternative measures of corporate disclosure tone.

Originality/value
The findings of this study contribute to the literature that examines factors associated with the determinants of the tone in firms’ earnings announcements. In addition, this study adds to the extant literature on family firms by providing useful insight into the influence of family control on corporate voluntary disclosure.
Critical success factors for maintenance of local public buildings
Authors: Hopland Arnt Ove , Kvamsdal Sturla F. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate a survey on critical success factor for the maintenance of local public buildings and how reported score values and factor rankings depend on characteristics (contingencies) of the local governments that participated.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data from a large-scale survey of Norwegian local governments that covered 66 per cent of all local governments and 80 per cent of the population. The authors combine these data with contingent information from public registers on demographics, fiscal, political and geographical characteristics. The authors run regressions to determine whether contingencies affect survey results. They further study how score values vary with a key contingent factor.FindingsThe main result of this paper is that the reported importance of critical success factors is contingent on local government population levels. A comparison of importance rankings based on population quartiles shows that ranking orders change, both between quartiles and from the overall ranking, and that certain factors show systematic changes. Further, the authors find that when controlling for sampling error, groups of factors should be considered as equally important. This result holds both for the full sample ranking and for rankings within population quartiles.Originality/valueThe results of this paper have implications for all survey-based investigations of critical success factors where contingent information on respondents are available. Contingencies need to be taken into consideration, both when assessing rankings according to some criteria and when comparing actual score values.
Reviving the lost spaces under urban highways and bridges: an empirical study
Authors: Lak Azadeh , Ramezani Mina , Aghamolaei Reihaneh 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The fast development of urban movement infrastructures has created neglected urban places in cities. This study aims to provide users’ preferences for designing lost spaces that are a by-product of elevated urban highways (UHs) and bridges to develop a conceptual model for better environmental design.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is conducted by a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first phase, to explore the citizen’s environmental preferences based on the Q-sort technique and in-depth interviews, the ideas of 50 users were considered up to data saturation. The preferences of people for designs under urban bridges were extracted by content analysis in the qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, to validate these preferences, the extracted themes and sub-themes were examined by 144 experts in design studies using the web-based questionnaire based on the first phase outcomes. The validity of the model was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS22 and Lisrel software.

Findings
The findings show that users’ preferences emphasize design strategies such as safety and security, physical coherence, visibility, vitality, richness, a sense of belonging and comfort to the design of lost spaces. Overall, this study highlights an empirical study into user’s needs and expectations of lost urban spaces.

Originality/value
The findings show that users’ preferences emphasize design strategies such as safety and security, physical coherence, visibility, vitality, richness, a sense of belonging and comfort to the design of lost spaces. Overall, this study highlights an empirical study into user’s needs and expectations of lost urban spaces.
Meaning, perceptions and use of lean – a New Zealand perspective
Authors: Thornton Kim , Nath Nirmala , Hu Yuanyuan , Jia Jing 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This study aims to explore how lean and lean dimensions are perceived by senior managers in New Zealand (NZ). The authors use Searcy’s (2004) framework to establish how lean performance dimensions differ in importance in terms of sector, size and users of lean, thus, revealing the motivations and benefits of lean from the view of lean organisations.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were primarily sourced using an online survey tool. A thematic approach was used to establish an understanding of lean by NZ senior managers. An analytical hierarchy process model was used to determine if the relative importance of the lean performance dimensions is perceived differently between manufacturing and service organisations, large firms and small- and medium-sized enterprises and adopters and non-adopters of lean. The results are informed by Searcy’s (2004) framework.

Findings
The study reveals efficiency, elimination of waste, cost reduction and meeting customer demands based on secondary sources, to be the current prevalent dimensions of lean in NZ. Managers are yet to realise the importance of customer value and product quality, and the former is at the heart of the successful diffusion of lean dimensions. Customer value is beyond satisfying customer demands and needs; the focus is on how the authors can understand the customers.

Research limitations/implications
The sample size limits the generalisability of the results.

Practical implications
The study suggests that practitioners, including managers, need to incorporate customer demand and satisfaction into their lean performance dimensions to improve effectiveness. This group of actors should be instrumental in taking the lean philosophy, tools and techniques to NZ firms by hosting in-house training and seminars at regional and national levels. Furthermore, academics should incorporate lean studies as a programme/course in their respective tertiary institutions so that graduates can take this phenomenon to their workplace.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the understanding of lean within a NZ business context and provides evidence that NZ corporate managers need to incorporate customer value and product quality aspects when adopting lean.
Globalisation and the Recent Trade Wars: Linkages and Lessons
Authors: Oramah Benedict , Dzene Richman 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnti‐globalization sentiments have risen significantly in developed economies, impacting the outcome of national elections in the US and the BREXIT referendum in the United Kingdom. It has also led to tariff escalations and trade wars, especially between the US and China. These developments run contrary to the conventional wisdom that globalization has positively Impacted the global economy and that the distribution of gains has been in favor of developed economies. This paper argues that it is the incomplete implementation of the main pillars of globalization that has created rising discontent in developed countries. Conceived as the process of integration of goods, capital, technology and labor, globalization was premised on free movement of goods and factors of production within and across countries as well on the assumption that factors of production would be perfect substitutes everywhere. The paper posits that it is the immobility of labor across and within countries that has led to the globalization‐induced dislocations in some developed economies. Across countries, artificial immigration barriers restrict labor movement while within countries, labor market rigidities and absence of perfect substitution in the labor market constrain the migration of labor from the declining to the booming sectors of the economy creating large income inequalities. Implications of the foregoing for the future of globalization and Africa’s export‐led industrialization are presented.
Would Gradual De‐Dollarization and More Financing in Local Currencies Boost Trade?
Authors: Hirschhofer Harald 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe article summarizes arguments in favor of de‐nominating trade finance in local currencies. By reducing exposure to policy developments in reserve currency countries and improving the allocation of currency risk with the help of global currency risk markets will have a positive long‐term impact on stability, trade volumes, and growth.
The Efficacy of Technology‐Based Interventions for Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use Among Women of Childbearing Age: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hai Audrey Hang , Hammock Kyndal , Velasquez Mary M. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlcohol and illicit drug use is prevalent among women of childbearing age and may lead to higher risk for substance‐exposed pregnancy and related health consequences for both women and their offspring. Technology‐based interventions (TBIs) are increasingly used to prevent or reduce substance use among women of childbearing age. The efficacy of these approaches, however, is unclear. This review critically reviewed existing research evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of TBIs in preventing and reducing alcohol and illicit drug use among childbearing‐aged women.MethodsSeven electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risks of bias. Robust variance estimation in meta‐regression was used to estimate effect sizes and conduct moderator analyses.ResultsFifteen RCTs including 3,488 participants were included in the systematic review. Meta‐analysis results based on 13 RCTs suggest that TBIs were efficacious relative to control conditions in preventing and reducing substance use among women of childbearing age (d = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.35). Preliminary moderator analysis results suggest that the efficacy of TBIs might not vary by participant age, race/ethnicity, the type of technology used, or whether a virtual health assistant was used. TBIs’ efficacy in terms of specific substance use types (alcohol use and illicit drug use) or control types (inactive control and active controls) was inconclusive, due to the limited number of studies in each category.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis found evidence of TBIs’ efficacy in reducing alcohol and illicit drug use among women of childbearing age. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Event‐Level Correlates of Drinking Events Characterized by Alcohol‐Induced Blackouts
Authors: Merrill Jennifer E. , Boyle Holly K. , Jackson Kristina M. , Carey Kate B. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPrior research identifies a range of potential predictors of blackouts and suggests that blackouts increase risk for additional negative consequences. However, these studies are based on epidemiological work that allows us to draw conclusions about groups of people but not within‐person processes. The present study examined within‐person, event‐level correlates of blackouts.MethodsNinety‐six heavy drinking college students (52% female) completed 28 days of daily reports of alcohol use and consequences, including blackouts. Thirty‐three participants reported 56 blackouts. Hierarchical linear modeling compared morning reports of drinking events on which participants did versus did not report a blackout, controlling for total drinks at the event.ResultsBlackout likelihood increased as a function of total drinks consumed and of crossing thresholds for heavy episodic drinking (4+/5+ drinks for women/men) and high‐intensity drinking (8+/10+). Participants reported a higher total number of additional negative consequences on blackout events. Specific consequences that were more likely included embarrassing oneself and hangover. Blackouts were associated with morning ratings of less positive mood and a less favorable drinking event. Motives for drinking and simultaneous use of marijuana were not associated with blackouts.ConclusionsEvent‐level findings of this study document that events leading to alcohol‐induced memory loss are associated with other adverse experiences relative to drinking events that do not result in blackout, and offer potentially motivational levers for preventive interventions.
Age‐related cataract and 10‐year mortality: the Liwan Eye Study
Authors: Zhu Zhuoting , Wang Lanhua , Scheetz Jane , He Mingguang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore the association between age‐related cataract and 10‐year mortality in an adult population in urban China.MethodsA total of 1405 participants aged 50 years or older were examined at baseline in the Guangzhou Liwan Eye Study. All participants were invited to attend a 10‐year follow‐up visit. Cataract cases were defined as either having visible lens opacity confirmed with direct ophthalmoscope under pupil dilation or previous history of cataract surgery. Visual impairment (VI) was defined as a visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in the better‐seeing eye with habitual correction if worn. Body mass index (BMI) was based on anthropometric data. A brief questionnaire regarding family income, educational attainment and medical history of systemic disease was administered. Mortality rates were compared using the log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsAmong 1405 participants examined at baseline, 957 participants (68.1%) had visible lens opacity or history of cataract surgery. After 10 years, 320 (22.8%) participants died. The 10‐year mortality rate was significantly higher in participants with cataract than in those without (30.1% versus 7.14%, log‐rank p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, family income, educational attainment, BMI, history of diabetes and hypertension and presence of VI, presence of cataract predicted a nearly threefold increase in the risk of mortality (HR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.89–4.71).ConclusionsOur findings that age‐related cataract is a predictor for poorer survival compared to those without may imply that cataract is a biomarker of ageing and frailty.
Lung function and pulmonary vascular resistance are not associated in 6‐year‐old children born extremely preterm
Authors: Mohlkert Lilly‐Ann , Sjöberg Gunnar , Rydberg Annika , Pegelow Halvorsen Cecilia , Tufvesson Ellen , Hallberg Jenny , Domellöf Magnus , Norman Mikael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimChildren born preterm are at increased risk of reduced lung function. The aim was to test whether lung function was associated with pulmonary vascular resistance.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a population‐based cohort born in 2004‐2007. Lung function was assessed with spirometry after administration of a beta2‐agonist. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were determined. Estimations of pulmonary vascular resistance, arterial dimensions, right ventricular wall thickness, sphericity, and systolic (TAPSE) and diastolic functions were performed with echocardiography. Adjusted regression analyses were used to study associations.ResultsSixty‐six children (33 boys) born at 22‐26 weeks of gestational age (birthweights 460‐1134 g) were assessed at a mean age of 6.7 years. Despite large variations in lung function with FVC z‐scores ranging from −4.6 to +2.8, there were no associations between lung function and pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular structure or function. Children with higher FVC z‐scores (r = .52, β = .55 mm, P = .015) and higher FEV1 z‐scores (r = .58, β = .73 mm, P = .001) exhibited larger pulmonary arteries.ConclusionIn children born extremely preterm, lung function was not associated with pulmonary vascular resistance. Routine echocardiographic evaluation of extremely preterm children may not be indicated at age 6.5 years.
Acanthosis nigricans in childhood: A cutaneous marker that should not be underestimated, especially in obese children
Authors: Maguolo Alice , Maffeis Claudio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe occurrence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) in childhood should not be underestimated since it acts as a cutaneous marker of underlying diseases, such as insulin resistance, endocrinopathy, syndromes and malignancy. The purpose of this review was to highlight the clinical significance of AN in childhood and draw attention to its possible role as early marker of alterations in glucose metabolism in obese children.MethodsThe Cochrane Library and PubMed databases were searched for papers published in English up to April 2019. Observational studies, case reports and reviews from 1994 to 2019 were included.ResultsMost of the cases of AN are associated with obesity. The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide and is paralleled by global increases in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children. Insulin resistance and AN are closely associated. Evidence indicates that AN is a useful clinical marker for the identification of obese and overweight children and adolescents with insulin resistance who are susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.ConclusionIn clinical practice, the recognition of AN is useful for an early identification of children and adolescents, prone to the insulin‐resistant obese phenotype, who could benefit from early interventions.
Distinct age‐related patterns of overweight development to guide school healthcare interventions
Authors: Häkkänen Paula , But Anna , Ketola Eeva , Laatikainen Tiina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimWe aimed to identify groups of primary school children with similar overweight development, reveal age‐related patterns of overweight development in the resulting groups and analyse overweight‐related school healthcare interventions.MethodsThis retrospective longitudinal register study utilised electronic health records from six primary school years. From a random sample of 2000 sixth graders, we derived a study cohort of 508 children meeting criteria for overweight at least once during primary school. We investigated how many different groups (latent classes) of children with similar weight development would emerge by applying flexible latent class mixed models on body mass index standard deviation score. We also explored the resulting groups with respect to offered overweight‐related interventions.ResultsPer child, the data consisted in median 7 growth measurements over 5.4 years. We identified five overweight development groups for girls and four for boys. The groups converged temporarily around age 10 after which only some continued into obesity. School nurses and physicians offered overweight‐related interventions to children with obesity, less to children gaining weight or with overweight.ConclusionObesity prevention might benefit from awareness of typical overweight development patterns when designing intervention studies or planning and timing multidisciplinary school health check programmes.
Exploration of 5‐(5‐nitrothiophen‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazoles as selective, multitargeted antimycobacterial agents
Authors: Agre Neha , Khambete Mihir , Maitra Arundhati , Gupta Antima , Munshi Tulika , Bhakta Sanjib , Degani Mariam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report the biological evaluation of 5‐(5‐nitrothiophen‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole derivatives against bacteria, eukaryotic cell lines and the assessment of their mechanisms of action to determine their prospects of being developed into potent antituberculosis agents. The compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial property against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, multidrug‐resistant M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium aurum, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus using high‐throughput spot‐culture growth inhibition assay. They were found to be selective toward slow‐growing mycobacteria and Gram‐positive bacteria. In M. bovis BCG, they exhibited a bactericidal mode of action. Cytotoxicity was assessed in human THP‐1 and murine RAW 264.7 cell lines, and the compounds showed a lower cytotoxicity potential when compared with their antibacterial activity. They were found to be excellent whole‐cell efflux pump inhibitors of the mycobacterial surrogate M. aurum, performing better than known efflux pump inhibitor verapamil. The 5‐nitrothiophene moiety was identified for the first time as a prospective inhibitor scaffold of mycobacterial arylamine N‐acetyltransferase enzyme, which is the key enzyme in metabolizing isoniazid, a first‐line antituberculosis drug. The two aforementioned findings make the compounds potential hits in the development of adjunctive tuberculosis therapy.
Impact of type 2 diabetes on hospitalization and mortality in people with malignancy
Authors: Kiburg K. V. , Ward G. M. , Vogrin S. , Steele K. , Mulrooney E. , Loh M. , McLachlan S. A. , Sundararajan V. , MacIsaac R. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the characteristics of and outcomes for people with malignancies with and without a co‐diagnosis of diabetes.MethodsEmergency department and hospital discharge data from a single centre for the period between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 were used to identify people with a diagnosis of a malignancy and diabetes. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the effect of diabetes on all‐cause mortality. A truncated negative binomial regression model was used to assess the impact of diabetes on length of hospital inpatient stay. Prentice–Williams–Peterson total time models were used to assess the effect of diabetes on number of emergency department re‐presentations and inpatient re‐admissions.ResultsOf 7004 people identified with malignancies, 1195 (17.1%) were also diagnosed with diabetes. A diagnosis of diabetes was associated with a greater number of inpatient re‐admissions [adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (95% CI 1.03, 1.24)], a greater number of emergency department re‐presentations [adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (95% CI 1.05, 1.22)] and longer length of stay [adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.14 (95% CI 1.04, 1.25)]. A co‐diagnosis of diabetes was also associated with a 48% increased risk of all‐cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio 1.48 (95% CI 1.22–1.76)].ConclusionsPeople with malignancies and diabetes had significantly more emergency department presentations, more inpatient admissions, longer length of hospital stay and higher rates of all‐cause mortality compared to people with a malignancy without diabetes.