bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of dietary macronutrient composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an ageing population: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Alferink Louise JM , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C , Erler Nicole S , Veldt Bart J , Schoufour Josje D , de Knegt Robert J , Ikram M Arfan , Metselaar Herold J , Janssen Harry LA , Franco Oscar H , Darwish Murad Sarwa 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveA healthy lifestyle is the first-line treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but specific dietary recommendations are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether dietary macronutrient composition is associated with NAFLD.DesignParticipants from the Rotterdam Study were assessed on (1) average intake of macronutrients (protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre) using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and (2) NAFLD presence using ultrasonography, in absence of excessive alcohol, steatogenic drugs and viral hepatitis. Macronutrients were analysed using the nutrient density method and ranked (Q1–Q4). Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and metabolic covariates. Moreover, analyses were adjusted for and stratified by body mass index (BMI) (25 kg/m2). Also, substitution models were built.ResultsIn total, 3882 participants were included (age 70±9, 58% female). NAFLD was present in 1337 (34%) participants of whom 132 were lean and 1205 overweight. Total protein was associated with overweight NAFLD after adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates (ORQ4vsQ1 1.40; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.77). This association was driven by animal protein (ORQ4vsQ1 1.54; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.98). After adjustment for metabolic covariates, only animal protein remained associated with overweight NAFLD (ORQ4vsQ1 1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.77). Monosaccharides and disaccharides were associated with lower overall NAFLD prevalence (ORQ4vsQ1 0.66; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.83) but this effect diminished after adjustment for metabolic covariates and BMI. No consistent associations were observed for fat subtypes or fibre. There were no substitution effects.ConclusionThis large population-based study shows that high animal protein intake is associated with NAFLD in overweight, predominantly aged Caucasians, independently of well-known risk factors. Contrary to previous literature, our results do not support a harmful association of monosaccharides and disaccharides with NAFLD.
The effect of early growth patterns and lung function on the development of childhood asthma: a population based study
Authors: Casas Maribel , den Dekker Herman T , Kruithof Claudia J , Reiss Irwin K , Vrijheid Martine , Sunyer Jordi , de Jongste Johan C , Jaddoe Vincent W V , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundInfant weight gain is associated with lower lung function and a higher risk of childhood asthma. Detailed individual childhood growth patterns might be better predictors of childhood respiratory morbidity than the difference between two weight and height measurements. We assessed the associations of early childhood growth patterns with lung function and asthma at the age of 10 years and whether the child’s current body mass index (BMI) influenced any association.MethodsWe derived peak height and weight growth velocity, BMI at adiposity peak, and age at adiposity peak from longitudinally measured weight and height data in the first 3 years of life of 4435 children enrolled in a population-based prospective cohort study. At 10 years of age, spirometry was performed and current asthma was assessed by questionnaire. Spirometry outcomes included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flow after exhaling 75% of vital capacity (FEF75).ResultsGreater peak weight velocity was associated with higher FVC but lower FEV1/FVC and FEF75. Greater BMI at adiposity peak was associated with higher FVC and FEV1 but lower FEV1/FVC and FEF75. Greater age at adiposity peak was associated with higher FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF75, particularly in children with a small size at birth, and lower odds of current asthma in boys. The child’s current BMI only explained the associations of peak weight velocity and BMI at adiposity peak with FVC and FEV1. Peak height velocity was not consistently associated with impaired lung function or asthma.ConclusionPeak weight velocity and BMI at adiposity peak were associated with reduced airway patency in relation to lung volume, whereas age at adiposity peak was associated with higher lung function parameters and lower risk of asthma at 10 years, particularly in boys.
4He versus 4Li and production of light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Bazak Sylwia , Mrówczyński Stanisław 
Published: July 2018

We propose to measure the yields of 4He and 4Li in relativistic heavy-ion collisions to clarify a mechanism of light nuclei production. Since the masses of 4He and 4Li are almost equal, the yield of 4Li predicted by the thermal model is five times bigger than that of 4He which reflects the different numbers of internal degrees of freedom of the two nuclides. Their internal structures are, however, very different: the alpha particle is well bound and compact while 4Li is weakly bound and loose. Within the coalescence model, the ratio of yields of 4Li to 4He is shown to be significantly smaller than that in the thermal model and the ratio decreases fast from central to peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy-ion collisions because the coalescence rate strongly depends on the nucleon source radius. Since the nuclide 4Li is unstable and it decays into 3He and p after roughly 30 fm/c, the yield of 4Li can be experimentally obtained through a measurement of the 3He[Formula: see text]p correlation function.
The XYZ states revisited
Authors: Yuan Chang-Zheng 
Published: July 2018

The BESIII and the LHCb became the leading experiments in the study of the exotic states after the Belle and BaBar experiments finished their data taking in the first decade of this century. We review the progress in the study of the XYZ states at BESIII and LHCb experiments with their unique data samples in [Formula: see text] annihilation at center-of-mass energies of 3.8–4.6 GeV and in [Formula: see text] collision at center-of-mass energies 7, 8, and 13 TeV, respectively. With these data samples, we have deepened our understanding of the most famous charmonium-like states [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], as well as other similar states like the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We review the progress in the study of these states and also discuss perspectives at future experiments.
Submarine landslide catalogue onshore/offshore harmonization: Spain as a case study
Authors: León Ricardo , García-Davalillo Juan Carlos , Casas David , Giménez-Moreno Carmen Julia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a Geographic Information System catalogue of the submarine landslides of the Spanish continental margin and describes the problems associated with harmonizing the catalogue with its onshore homologue. The data model structure is described to explain how to apply the rules and specifications following the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE). Because of the singularities of the marine environment compared with those of land, integrating the submarine landslide catalogues into INSPIRE specifications requires the following procedures: (1) simplification of the list of values of state of activity into three categories: active, dormant and relict; and (2) inclusion of debris avalanches and turbidites as new typologies of landslides. This paper discusses the problems associated with harmonizing different data types and units from different sources, such as the thickness (metres and seismic two travel time) or the age of the event, and a numeric code for the geological timescale is proposed to harmonize these data. We establish whether an item is required based on the reliability of the landslide event, which is categorized by three levels (high–middle–low) depending on the precision of the data source, methodology used and quality of the publication where the data are obtained.
Geohazard assessment related to submarine instabilities in Bjørnafjorden, Norway
Authors: Carlton Brian , Vanneste Maarten , Forsberg Carl Fredrik , Knudsen Siren , Løvholt Finn , Kvalstad Tore , Holm Søren , Kjennbakken Heidi , Mazhar Muhammad Adeel , Degago Samson , Haflidason Haflidi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

This paper presents the geohazard assessment for a proposed bridge across Bjørnafjorden in western Norway. The fjord is
c.
5 km wide with a maximum depth of 550 m at the proposed bridge crossing. The main geohazards of concern are submarine slope instabilities. To identify locations of instability, their susceptibility to failure, and their potential runout distances, we performed the following analyses: (1) static and pseudo-static limit equilibrium analyses for the entire fjord crossing area; (2) 1D seismic slope stability sensitivity analyses for different slope angles and soil depths; (3) 2D static and pseudo-static finite element analyses for selected profiles; (4) back-analysis of a palaeolandslide; and (5) quasi-2D and quasi-3D landslide dynamic simulations calibrated using results from the back-analysis. The workflow progresses from simplified to more advanced analyses focusing on the most critical locations. The results show that the soils in many locations of the fjord are potentially unstable and could be the loci of landslides and debris flows. The evidence of numerous palaeosubmarine landslides identified on geophysical records reinforces this conclusion. However, the landslide triggers and timing are currently unknown. This paper demonstrates the need for comprehensive and multidisciplinary geohazard analyses for any infrastructure projects conducted in fjords.
Space-time tomography for continuously deforming objects
Authors: Zang Guangming , Idoughi Ramzi , Tao Ran , Lubineau Gilles , Wonka Peter , Heidrich Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a valuable tool for analyzing objects with interesting internal structure or complex geometries that are not accessible with optical means. Unfortunately, tomographic reconstruction of complex shapes requires a multitude (often hundreds or thousands) of projections from different viewpoints. Such a large number of projections can only be acquired in a time-sequential fashion. This significantly limits the ability to use x-ray tomography for either objects that undergo uncontrolled shape change at the time scale of a scan, or else for analyzing dynamic phenomena, where the motion itself is under investigation.
In this work, we present a non-parametric space-time tomographic method for tackling such dynamic settings. Through a combination of a new CT image acquisition strategy, a space-time tomographic image formation model, and an alternating, multi-scale solver, we achieve a general approach that can be used to analyze a wide range of dynamic phenomena. We demonstrate our method with extensive experiments on both real and simulated data.
Megapixel adaptive optics
Authors: Wang Congli , Fu Qiang , Dun Xiong , Heidrich Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

Adaptive optics has become a valuable tool for correcting minor optical aberrations in applications such as astronomy and microscopy. However, due to the limited resolution of both the wavefront sensing and the wavefront correction hardware, it has so far not been feasible to use adaptive optics for correcting large-scale waveform deformations that occur naturally in regular photography and other imaging applications.
In this work, we demonstrate an adaptive optics system for regular cameras. We achieve a significant improvement in focus for large wavefront distortions by improving upon a recently developed high resolution coded wavefront sensor, and combining it with a spatial phase modulator to create a megapixel adaptive optics system with unprecedented capability to sense and correct large distortions.
Computational design of nanostructural color for additive manufacturing
Authors: Auzinger Thomas , Heidrich Wolfgang , Bickel Bernd 
Published: July 2018

Additive manufacturing has recently seen drastic improvements in resolution, making it now possible to fabricate features at scales of hundreds or even dozens of nanometers, which previously required very expensive lithographic methods. As a result, additive manufacturing now seems poised for optical applications, including those relevant to computer graphics, such as material design, as well as display and imaging applications.
In this work, we explore the use of additive manufacturing for generating structural colors, where the structures are designed using a fabrication-aware optimization process. This requires a combination of full-wave simulation, a feasible parameterization of the design space, and a tailored optimization procedure. Many of these components should be re-usable for the design of other optical structures at this scale.
We show initial results of material samples fabricated based on our designs. While these suffer from the prototype character of state-of-the-art fabrication hardware, we believe they clearly demonstrate the potential of additive nanofabrication for structural colors and other graphics applications.
MoSeL: a general, extensible modal framework for interactive proofs in separation logic
Authors: Krebbers Robbert , Jourdan Jacques-Henri , Jung Ralf , Tassarotti Joseph , Kaiser Jan-Oliver , Timany Amin , Charguéraud Arthur , Dreyer Derek 
Published: July 2018

A number of tools have been developed for carrying out separation-logic proofs mechanically using an interactive proof assistant. One of the most advanced such tools is the Iris Proof Mode (IPM) for Coq, which offers a rich set of tactics for making separation-logic proofs look and feel like ordinary Coq proofs. However, IPM is tied to a particular separation logic (namely, Iris), thus limiting its applicability.
In this paper, we propose MoSeL, a general and extensible Coq framework that brings the benefits of IPM to a much larger class of separation logics. Unlike IPM, MoSeL is applicable to both affine and linear separation logics (and combinations thereof), and provides generic tactics that can be easily extended to account for the bespoke connectives of the logics with which it is instantiated. To demonstrate the effectiveness of MoSeL, we have instantiated it to provide effective tactical support for interactive and semi-automated proofs in six very different separation logics.
A type and scope safe universe of syntaxes with binding: their semantics and proofs
Authors: Allais Guillaume , Atkey Robert , Chapman James , McBride Conor , McKinna James 
Published: July 2018

Almost every programming language’s syntax includes a notion of binder and corresponding bound occurrences, along with the accompanying notions of α-equivalence, capture avoiding substitution, typing contexts, runtime environments, and so on. In the past, implementing and reasoning about programming languages required careful handling to maintain the correct behaviour of bound variables. Modern programming languages include features that enable constraints like scope safety to be expressed in types. Nevertheless, the programmer is still forced to write the same boilerplate over again for each new implementation of a scope safe operation (e.g., renaming, substitution, desugaring, printing, etc.), and then again for correctness proofs.
We present an expressive universe of syntaxes with binding and demonstrate how to (1) implement scope safe traversals once and for all by generic programming; and (2) how to derive properties of these traversals by generic proving. Our universe description, generic traversals and proofs, and our examples have all been formalised in Agda and are available in the accompanying material.
NB. we recommend printing the paper in colour to benefit from syntax highlighting in code fragments.
Functional programming for compiling and decompiling computer-aided design
Authors: Nandi Chandrakana , Wilcox James R. , Panchekha Pavel , Blau Taylor , Grossman Dan , Tatlock Zachary 
Published: July 2018

Desktop-manufacturing techniques like 3D printing are increasingly popular because they reduce the cost and complexity of producing customized objects on demand. Unfortunately, the vibrant communities of early adopters, often referred to as "makers," are not well-served by currently available software pipelines. Users today must compose idiosyncratic sequences of tools which are typically repurposed variants of proprietary software originally designed for expert specialists.
This paper proposes fundamental programming-languages techniques to bring improved rigor, reduced complexity, and new functionality to the computer-aided design (CAD) software pipeline for applications like 3D-printing. Compositionality, denotational semantics, compiler correctness, and program synthesis all play key roles in our approach, starting from the perspective that solid geometry is a programming language.
Specifically, we define a purely functional language for CAD called LambdaCAD and a polygon surface-mesh intermediate representation. We then define denotational semantics of both languages to 3D solids and a compiler from CAD to mesh accompanied by a proof of semantics preservation. We illustrate the utility of this foundation by developing a novel synthesis algorithm based on evaluation contexts to "reverse compile" difficult-to-edit meshes downloaded from online maker communities back to more-editable CAD programs. All our prototypes have been implemented in OCaml to enable further exploration of functional programming for desktop manufacturing.
Refunctionalization of abstract abstract machines: bridging the gap between abstract abstract machines and abstract definitional interpreters (functional pearl)
Authors: Wei Guannan , Decker James , Rompf Tiark 
Published: July 2018

Abstracting abstract machines is a systematic methodology for constructing sound static analyses for higher-order languages, by deriving small-step abstract abstract machines (AAMs) that perform abstract interpretation from abstract machines that perform concrete evaluation. Darais et al. apply the same underlying idea to monadic definitional interpreters, and obtain monadic abstract definitional interpreters (ADIs) that perform abstract interpretation in big-step style using monads. Yet, the relation between small-step abstract abstract machines and big-step abstract definitional interpreters is not well studied.
In this paper, we explain their functional correspondence and demonstrate how to systematically transform small-step abstract abstract machines into big-step abstract definitional interpreters. Building on known semantic interderivation techniques from the concrete evaluation setting, the transformations include linearization, lightweight fusion, disentanglement, refunctionalization, and the left inverse of the CPS transform. Linearization expresses nondeterministic choice through first-order data types, after which refunctionalization transforms the first-order data types that represent continuations into higher-order functions. The refunctionalized AAM is an abstract interpreter written in continuation-passing style (CPS) with two layers of continuations, which can be converted back to direct style with delimited control operators. Based on the known correspondence between delimited control and monads, we demonstrate that the explicit use of monads in abstract definitional interpreters is optional.
All transformations properly handle the collecting semantics and nondeterminism of abstract interpretation. Remarkably, we reveal how precise call/return matching in control-flow analysis can be obtained by refunctionalizing a small-step abstract abstract machine with proper caching.
InKeV
Authors: Ahmed Zaafar , Alizai Muhammad Hamad , Syed Affan A. 
Published: July 2018

InKeV is a network virtualization platform based on eBPF, an in-kernel execution engine recently upstreamed into linux kernel. InKeV's key contribution is that it enables in-kernel programmability and configuration of virtualized network functions, allowing to create a distributed virtual network across all edges hosting tenant workloads.
Despite high performance demands of production environments, existing virtualization solutions have largely static in-kernel components due to the difficulty of developing and maintaining kernel modules and their years-long feature delivery time. The resulting compromise is either in programmability of network functions that rely on the data plane, such as payload processing, or in performance, due to expensive user-/kernel-space context switching.

InKeV addresses these concerns: The use of eBPF allows it to dynamically insert programmable network functions into a running kernel, requiring neither to package a custom-kernel nor to hope for acceptance in mainline kernel. Its novel
stitching
feature allows to flexibly configure complete virtual networks by creating a graph of network functions inside the kernel. Our evaluation reports on the flexibility of InKeV, and in-kernel implementation benefits such as low-latency and impressive flow creation rate.
The Trouble with Calasiris
Authors: Kim Lawrence 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this article, I take a new look at the problem of Calasiris’ ‘duplicity’ as depicted in the long autobiographical narrative he delivers to Cnemon in Books 2-5 of Heliodorus’ Aethiopica. A close parallel for Calasiris’ self-presentation can be found in an unlikely source: the medical case histories of the doctor Galen. Through a comparison of Calasiris’ narrative with those of Galen, I demonstrate that both narrators employ similar ‘deceptive’ strategies to showcase their observational and deductive skills to their audience. Calasiris’ foregrounding of such ‘rational’ methods and his downplaying of the prophetic power that others attribute to him suggest that, despite the Aethiopica’s religious trappings, its ideal reader is a secular one.
Public Theology: Its Pastoral, Apologetic, Scientific, Political, and Prophetic Tasks
Authors: Peters Ted 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This blueprint for a constructive public theology assumes that Christian theology already includes public discourse. Following David Tracy’s delineation of three publics—church, academy, culture—further constructive work leads to a public theology conceived in the church, reflected on critically in the academy, and meshed with the wider culture. Public reflection on classic Christian doctrines in a post-secular pluralistic context takes the form of pastoral illumination, apologetic reason, a theology of nature, political theology, and prophetic critique.
Constructing a Public Comparative Theology: Examining Ernst Troeltsch through a Critical Hermeneutic Lens
Authors: Chung Paul 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article explores Ernst Troeltsch’s potential contribution to a Christian public theology. It does so by way of a case being made for a public comparative theology. For this purpose I reconsider investigating Troeltsch’s sociological method through a critical hermeneutic lens provided by Hans G. Gadamer’s hermeneutics and Jürgen Habermas’ sociology of a lifeworld. Through this hermeneutical mediation I propose a more comprehensive understanding of Troeltsch’s project, and how it can bring relevancy to a public theology that takes into account the comparative study of religions in our pluralist context. Troeltsch’s work will thus be hermeneutically refined in a socially responsible manner in keeping with the reality of multiple modernities and the religious humanism in our contemporary context.