bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Efficiency In Prediction Of TIBO Activity By Evolutionary Neural Network
Authors: Seal Abhik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a challenging medical problem. TIBO is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, which binds non-competitively to the hydrophobic pocket on the p66 subunit of RT enzyme. We used a dataset consisting of physicochemical properties and reverse transcriptase inhibitor activities of 88 set of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-y-imidazo-[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-x-benzodiazepin-2-(1h)one derivatives that are variously substituted by halogens, alkyl groups. The dataset was taken from the BIOBYTE database at (www.davidhoekman.com). The concentration of the compound leading to 50% effect has been measured and expressed as IC50. The logarithm of the inverse of this parameter has been used as biological end points (log 1/C) in the QSAR studies. The evolutionary neural network (ENN) is a new system for modeling multivariate data. The strengths of ENN’s are that they can extract insignificant predictors, choose the size of the hidden layers and nodes and fine tune the parameters needed in training the network. We have used an ENN to predict the biological activities of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. We have found out that Evolutionary Neural networks are better predictor of activity values than Multiple linear regression and Multilayered Perceptrons. We have calculated the correlation coefficient of each of the methods where we have found ENNs are the best.
Different Approaches For Protein Engineering In Industrial Biotechnology
Authors: Khan Israr , Waheed Akhtar Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein engineering is the novel field which has wide applications from pharmaceutics, industry, commercial, laundry and research. It may apply rational design or non rational design or both. Site directed mutagenesis is a classical approach involving the protein folding principles and as such different techniques involving multidisciplinary research and broad knowledge is required involving biocomputing of complex data obtained from various sequencing projects and prediction of the future protein structure either chemically or genetically modified. Non rational mutagenesis or directed evolution involves random mutations in the gene encoding protein or shuffling the genes encoding different domains producing a random set of numerous large libraries of mutant proteins, using advanced technology the desired protein can be selected but the exact structure or changes may remain unnoticed.
Breeding ecology and conservation of Brown booby in Gorgona Island, eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ospina-Alvarez Andres 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBreeding ecology and reproductive traits of Brown Booby _Sula leucogaster_ etesiaca in Gorgona Natural National Park, Colombia, were studied. Adults morphometrics, eggs dimensions, chicks growth and nesting site characteristics, were examined at three different locations in the park. As with other subspecies, Brown Booby in Gorgona presents inverted sexual dimorphism, with adult females being lengthier, wider and heavier than adult males. Breeding of S. l. etesiaca results in eggs from the first deposition bigger in weight and dimensions than eggs from the second or third deposition. Growth of brown boobies chicks fit to a natural log equation: bodymass(g) = 0.8773 ln(days) + 3.3895. A variety of spawning aggregations was found, and their relationship with the other marine birds nesting in the area is discussed.
Laboratory culture of stem borer, Aeolesthes holosericea F., method developed
Authors: Sinha Ravi Bhushan , Debnath Anil Kumar , Singh Bishwa Mohan Kumar , Prasad Bhagwan Chandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAeolesthes holosericea, a polyphagous stem borer has been reported to damage up to 40% of tropical tasar silkworm host-plants wherever infestation is high. Known control measures are not very effective as information on its life cycle and susceptible stages against insecticides and bio-agents are insufficient. Laboratory culture of the insect is inevitable for developing control measures as the insect passes most of its life within stem tissues. Culture method of other borer species was not applied to it due to sophistication of process. A convenient laboratory culture method has been developed for the insect. The culture includes complete larval rearing; preservation of pupa; rearing and mating of adults followed by oviposition, incubation and hatching. Other available culture methods are incomplete and hence of little applied value. The present method is simple, economic and easy to be adopted in absence of a sophisticated laboratory having provision for stepwise observation to suit testing of control measures. This method can be utilized by Agriculture and Forest Entomologists and Sericulturists for testing and developing its control measures to save precious forests and to increase production of tasar silk. Anybody can be trained easily.
Inhibition of central insulin-receptor signaling by S961 causes hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in rats
Authors: Vikram Ajit , Jena Gopabandhu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenetic ablation studies confirmed the role of central insulin-receptor signaling (CIRS) in fuel metabolism. However, the need to examine the role of CIRS in glucose homeostasis under normal physiological condition is indispensable, as insulin affects the neuronal growth, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. Intracerebral administration of S961 induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in normal rats, and provided direct evidence for the involvement of CIRS in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Length, Weight, and Yield in Channel Catfish, Lake Diane, MI
Authors: Keenan Elizabeth , Warner Sarah , Crowe Ashley , Courtney Michael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background:
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are important to both commercial aquaculture and recreational fisheries. Little published data is available on length-weight relationships of channel catfish in Michigan. Though there is no record of public or private stocking, channel catfish appeared in Lake Diane between 1984 and 1995 and it has developed into an excellent fishery.

Materials and Methods:
Sport angling provided 38 samples which were weighed and measured (fork length). Fillets were also weighed. The best fit estimates of parameters a and b in the model, W(L) = aLb, were obtained by both linear least-squares (LLS) regression (log(W) = log(a) + b log(L)) and non-linear least-squares (NLLS) regression. Best-fit parameters of an improved model, W(L) = (L/L1)^b, were also determined by NLLS regression; the parameter L1 is the typical length of a fish weighing 1 kg. The resulting best-fit parameters, parameter standard errors, and covariances are compared between the two models. The average relative weight for this sample of channel catfish is also determined, along with the typical meat yield obtained by filleting.

Results:
NLLS regression yields parameter estimates of b = 3.2293 and a = 0.00522. The improved model yields the same estimate for the exponent, b, and a length estimate (parameter L1) of 45.23 cm. Estimates of uncertainty and covariance are smaller for the improved model, but the correlation coefficient is r = 0.995 in both cases. LLS regression produced different parameter values, a = 0.01356 and b = 2.9726, and a smaller correlation coefficient, r = 0.980. On average, catfish in the sample weighed 106.0% of the standard weight, (Brown et al.) and the linear regression (no slope) of fillet yield vs. total weight suggests a typical fillet yield of 28.1% with r = 0.989.

Conclusion:
Most of the fish in the sample were above the standard weight, heavier than the 75th percentile for their length. Channel catfish are doing well in Lake Diane and the population is well matched to the food supply. Management should attempt to maintain current population levels. In this case, the improved length-weight model, W(L) = (L/L1)^b, provided lower uncertainties in parameter estimates and smaller covariance than the traditional model.
Integrin-mediated membrane blebbing is dependent on the NHE1 and NCX1 activities.
Authors: Yi Yung-Hsiang , Chang Yu-Sun , Lin Chi-Hung , Lew Tien-Shen , Tang Chih-Yung , Chen Tsung-Yu , Tseng Wei-Lien , Tseng Ching-Ping , Lo Szecheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntegrin-mediated signal transduction and membrane blebbing have been well studied to modulate cell adhesion, spreading and migration^1-6^. However, the relationship between membrane blebbing and integrin signaling has not been explored. Here we show that integrin-ligand interaction induces membrane blebbing and membrane permeability change. We found that sodium-proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) and sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1) are located in the membrane blebbing sites and inhibition of NHE1 disrupts membrane blebbing and decreases membrane permeability change. However, inhibition of NCX1 enhances cell blebbing to cause cell swelling which is correlated with an intracellular sodium accumulation induced by NHE17. These data suggest that sodium influx induced by NHE1 is a driving force for membrane blebbing growth, while sodium efflux induced by NCX1 in a reverse mode causes membrane blebbing retraction. Together, these data reveal a novel function of NHE1 and NCX1 in membrane permeability change and blebbing and provide the link for integrin signaling and membrane blebbing.
A Tobacco Homolog of DCN1 is Involved in Cellular Reprogramming and in Developmental Transitions
Authors: Hosp Julia , Ribarits Alexandra , Szaszka Katarzyna , Jin Yongfeng , Tashpulatov Alisher , Baumann Marina , Resch Tatiana , Friedmann Christina , Ankele Elisabeth , Voronin Viktor , Palme Klaus , Touraev Alisher , Heberle-Bors Erwin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlant proteomes show remarkable plasticity in reaction to environmental challenges and during developmental transitions. Some of this adaptability comes from ubiquitin-mediated protein destruction regulated by cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). CRLs are activated through modification of the cullin subunit with the ubiquitin-like protein RUB/NEDD8 by an E3 ligase called defective in cullin neddylation 1 (DCN1). Here we show that tobacco DCN1 binds ubiquitin and RUB/NEDD8, and associates with cullin. When knocked down by RNAi, tobacco pollen formation stopped and zygotic embryogenesis was blocked around the globular stage. Additionally, we found that RNAi of DCN1 inhibited the stress-triggered reprogramming of cultured microspores from their intrinsic gametophytic mode of development to an embryogenic state. This stress-induced developmental switch is a known feature in many important crops and leads ultimately to the formation of haploid embryos and plants. Compensating the RNAi effect by re-transformation with a promoter-silencing construct restored pollen development and zygotic embryogenesis, as well as the ability for stress-induced formation of embryogenic microspores. Overexpression of DCN1, however, accelerated pollen tube growth and increased the potential for microspore reprogramming. These results demonstrate that the biochemical function of DCN1 is conserved in plants and that its activity is specifically required for transitions during pollen development and embryogenesis, and for pollen tube tip growth.
A Quantitative Approach to Investigating the Hypothesis of Prokaryotic Intron Loss
Authors: Sinclair Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing a novel method, we show that ordered triplets of motifs usually associated with spliceosomal intron recognition are underrepresented in the protein coding sequence of complete Thermotogae, archaeal and bacterial genomes. The underrepresentation observed does not extend to the noncoding strand, suggesting that the cause of the asymmetry is related to mRNA rather than DNA. Our data do not suggest that the underrepresentation is due to gene transfer from eukaryotes. We speculate that one possible explanation for these observations is that the protein coding sequence of Thermotogae, Archaea and Bacteria was at some time in the past subjected to selection against certain motifs appearing in an order which might initiate splicing in environments harboring a functional spliceosome. This is consistent with, but certainly does not prove, a hypothetical scenario in which at least some prokaryote lineages once possessed a functional spliceosome. Thus, we present a new quantitative method, observations obtained using the method, and a speculative discussion of a possible explanation of the observations.
Human Immune Responses to Plasmodium falciparum infection: Molecular Evidence for a Suboptimal THαβ(TH9) and TH17 Bias over Ideal and Effective Traditional TH1 Immunity
Authors: Hu Wan-Chung , Bourgeois August Louis , Wolfe Nathan , Singh Sher , Jedlicka Anne , Scott Alan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing microarray analysis, we showed up-regulation of Toll-like receptors 1,2,4,7,8, NF-[kappa][BETA], TNF-[alpha], p38-MAPK and MHC molecules in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells following infection with Plasmodium falciparum. We report herein further studies based on time-course microarray analysis with a focus on malaria-induced host immunity. Results show that in early malaria; selected immunity-related genes were up-regulated including alpha, beta, and gamma interferon related genes, as well as genes of IL-15, CD36, chemokines (CXCL10, CCL2, S100A8/9, CXCL9, and CXCL11), TRAIL and IgG Fc receptors. During acute febrile malaria, up-regulated genes included alpha, beta, and gamma interferon related genes, IL-8, IL-1[beta], IL-10 downstream genes, TGFB1, oncostatin-M, chemokines, IgG Fc receptors, ADCC signaling, complement-related genes, granzymes, NK cell killer/inhibitory receptors and Fas antigen. During remission, genes for NK receptors, immunoglobins, and granzymes/perforin were up-regulated. When viewed in terms of immunity type, malaria infection appeared to induce a mixed TH1 response, in which α and β interferon driven responses appear to predominate over the more classic IL-12 driven pathway. In addition, TH17 pathway also appears to be playing a significant role in the immunity to Plasmodium falciparum. Gene markers of TH17 (neutrophil-related genes, TGFB1 and IL-6 family (oncostatin-M)) and TH[alpha]/[beta] (IFN-[alpha]/[beta] and NK cytotoxicity and ADCC gene) immunity were up-regulated. Initiation of TH[alpha]/[beta] immune response was associated with an IFN-[alpha]/[beta] response which ultimately resulted in IL-10 and IFN-[gamma] achieved via a different pathway from the more classic IL-12 TH1 pattern. Based on these observations, we speculate that in Plasmodium falciparum infection, TH[alpha]/[beta] and TH17 immunity may predominate over the more traditional TH1 response.
X-ray phase contrast imaging of biological specimens with tabletop synchrotron radiation
Authors: Kneip Stefan , McGuffey Chris , Dollar Franklin , Bloom Michael , Chvykov Vladimir , Kalintchenko Galina , Krushelnick Karl , Maksimchuk Anatoly , Mangles Stuart , Matsuoka Takeshi , Najmudin Zulfikar , Palmer Charlotte , Schreiber Joerg , Schumaker Will , Thomas Alexander , Yanovsky Victor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince their discovery in 1896, x-rays have had a profound impact on science, medicine and technology. Here we show that the x-rays from a novel tabletop source of bright coherent synchrotron radiation can be applied to phase contrast imaging of biological specimens, yielding superior image quality and avoiding the need for scarce or expensive conventional sources.
Consensus virtual screening approaches to predict protein ligands
Authors: Kukol Andreas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn order to exploit the advantages of receptor-based virtual screening, namely time/cost saving and specificity, it is important to rely on algorithms that predict a high number of active ligands at the top ranks of a small molecule database. Towards that goal consensus methods combining the results of several docking algorithms were developed and compared against the individual algorithms. Furthermore, a recently proposed rescoring method based on drug efficiency indices was evaluated. Among AutoDock Vina 1.0, AutoDock 4.2 and GemDock, AutoDock Vina was the best performing single method in predicting high affinity ligands from a database of known ligands and decoys. The rescoring of predicted binding energies with the water/butanol partition coeffcient did not lead to an improvement averaged over all receptor targets. Various consensus algorithms were investigated and a simple combination of AutoDock and AutoDock Vina results gave the most consistent performance that showed early enrichment of known ligands for all receptor targets investigated. In case a number ligands is known for a specific target, every method proposed in this study should be evaluated.
Generation of Human Epidermis-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-like Pluripotent Cells and their reprogramming in mouse chimeras
Authors: Huang Bing , Li KaiJing , Yu Jie , Zhang Min , Li YongPing , Xu XiaoPing , Luo Ting , Huang JianFa , Guan LiPing , Li WeiHua , Zhang WenXin , Lin ShaoChun , Huang XinTao , Lin LiPing , Lin YongLiang , Zhang YiChi , Wang WenCong , Wang ZhiChong , Gao QianYing , Chen XiGu , Song XinMing , Ge Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStem cells can be derived from the embryo (embryonic stem cells, ESCs), from adult tissues (adult stem cells, ASCs), and by induction of fibroblasts (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSs). Ethical problems, immunological rejection, and difficulties in obtaining human tissues limit the use of ESCs in clinical medicine. Induced pluripotent stem cells are difficult to maintain in vitro and carry a greater risk of tumor formation. Furthermore, the complexity of maintenance and propagation is especially difficult in the clinic. Adult stem cells can be isolated from several adult tissues and present the possibility of self-transplantation for the clinical treatment of a variety of human diseases. Recently, several ASCs have been successfully isolated and cultured in vitro, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) , mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), epidermis stem cells, neural stem cells (NSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), islet stem cells, and germ line stem cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells originate mainly from bone marrow, cord blood, and placenta, but epidermis-derived MSCs have not yet been isolated. We isolated small spindle-shaped cells with strong proliferative potential during the culture of human epidermis cells and designed a medium to isolate and propagate these cells. They resembled MSCs morphologically and demonstrated pluripotency in vivo; thus, we defined these cells as human epidermis-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like pluripotent cells (hEMSCPCs). These hEMSCPCs present a possible new cell resource for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Molecular-genetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains spread in different patient groups in St.Petersburg (Russia)
Authors: Chernyaeva Ekaterina , Dobrynin Pavel , Pestova Natalia , Matveeva Natalia , Zhemkov Vladimir , Kozlov Andrei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMolecular epidemiological features of M.tuberculosis strains spread among different patient groups in Russia is not studied well. The aim of our study was to compare genotypes of M.tuberculosis strains circulating among TB patients from different groups: homeless, HIV-infected, prisoners and general population of St.Petersburg citizens.One hundred fifty M.tuberculosis complex isolates from different TB patient groups were studied using spoligotyping method.The majority of studied M.tuberculosis isolates in all groups belonged to Beijing family (56% among homeless; 77% among HIV-infected; 60% among general population; 83% among prisoners). There were no significant difference in Beijing family prevalence among homeless patients, HIV/TB co-infected and general population of TB patients. The lowest genetic diversity of the pathogen was detected among imprisoned patients.
Results
of our study demonstrate that M.tuberculosis strains circulating among homeless and HIV-infected people are also spread among general population of St.Petersburg citizens. Thus, we have investigated participation of high-risk groups in the TB infection spread in the city.
Finding the key transition states and intermediates controlling net reaction rates and selectivity
Authors: Stegelmann Carsten , Andreasen Anders 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper Campbell's degree of rate control is extended to introduce the concepts of degree of kinetic rate control, degree of kinetic selectivity control, degree of thermodynamic rate control and degree of thermodynamic selectivity control. It is demonstrated by applying hypothetical but realistic kinetic models of varying complexity that the new methods offers a rigorous framework to analyze the importance of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters i.e. establishing the critical parameters of the kinetic model. The methods are general and can be applied to complex reaction networks with multiple overall reactions not only in heterogeneous catalysis but for all sorts of chemical kinetic models.
When Spandrels Become Arches: Neural crosstalk and the evolution of consciousness
Authors: Wallace Rodrick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOnce cognition is recognized as having a 'dual' information source, the information theory chain rule implies that isolating coresident information sources from crosstalk requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This provides conditions for an evolutionary exaptation leading to the rapid, shifting global neural broadcasts of consciousness. The argument is quite analogous to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in neurons and neuronal subsystems. Astrobiological implications are obvious.
Translational Oncogenomics and Human Cancer Interactome Networks:
Authors: Baianu I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn overview of translational, human oncogenomics, transcriptomics and cancer interactomic networks is presented together with basic concepts and potential, new applications to Oncology and Integrative Cancer Biology. Novel translational oncogenomics research is rapidly expanding through the application of advanced technology, research findings and computational tools/models to both pharmaceutical and clinical problems. A self-contained presentation is adopted that covers both fundamental concepts and the most recent biomedical, as well as clinical, applications. Sample analyses in recent clinical studies have shown that gene expression data can be employed to distinguish between tumor types as well as to predict outcomes. Potentially important applications of such results are individualized human cancer therapies or, in general, ‘personalized medicine’. Several cancer detection techniques are currently under development both in the direction of improved detection sensitivity and increased time resolution of cellular events, with the limits of single molecule detection and picosecond time resolution already reached. The urgency for the complete mapping of a human cancer interactome with the help of such novel, high-efficiency / low-cost and ultra-sensitive techniques is also pointed out.