bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal health after Ebola: unmet needs and barriers to healthcare in rural Sierra Leone
Authors: Elston James W T , Danis Kostas , Gray Nell , West Kim , Lokuge Kamalini , Black Benjamin , Stringer Beverley , Jimmisa Augustine S , Biankoe Aiah , Sanko Mohammed O , Kazungu Donald S , Sang Sibylle , Loof Annemarie , Stephan Claudia , Caleo Grazia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sierra Leone has the world’s highest estimated maternal mortality. Following the 2014–16 Ebola outbreak, we described health outcomes and health-seeking behaviour amongst pregnant women to inform health policy. In October 2016–January 2017, we conducted a sequential mixed-methods study in urban and rural areas of Tonkolili District comprising: household survey targeting women who had given birth since onset of the Ebola outbreak; structured interviews at rural sites investigating maternal deaths and reporting; and in-depth interviews (IDIs) targeting mothers, community leaders and health workers. We selected 30 clusters in each area: by random GPS points (urban) and by random village selection stratified by population size (rural). We collected data on health-seeking behaviours, barriers to healthcare, childbirth and outcomes using structured questionnaires. IDIs exploring topics identified through the survey were conducted with a purposive sample and analysed thematically. We surveyed 608 women and conducted 29 structured and 72 IDIs. Barriers, including costs of healthcare and physical inaccessibility of healthcare facilities, delayed or prevented 90% [95% confidence interval (CI): 80–95] (rural) vs 59% (95% CI: 48–68) (urban) pregnant women from receiving healthcare. Despite a general preference for biomedical care, 48% of rural and 31% of urban women gave birth outside of a health facility; of those, just 4% and 34%, respectively received skilled assistance. Women expressed mistrust of healthcare workers (HCWs) primarily due to payment demanded for ‘free’ healthcare. HCWs described lack of pay and poor conditions precluding provision of quality care. Twenty percent of women reported labour complications. Twenty-eight percent of villages had materials to record maternal deaths. Pregnant women faced important barriers to care, particularly in rural areas, leading to high preventable mortality and morbidity. Women wanted to access healthcare, but services available were often costly, unreachable and poor quality. We recommend urgent interventions, including health promotion, free healthcare access and strengthening rural services to address barriers to maternal healthcare.
Effect of Stopping Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy on Microbial Translocation and Inflammatory Markers Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Ugandan Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy: The COSTOP Trial Immunology Substudy
Authors: Kyosiimire-Lugemwa Jacqueline , Anywaine Zacchaeus , Abaasa Andrew , Levin Jonathan , Gombe Ben , Musinguzi Kenneth , Kaleebu Pontiano , Grosskurth Heiner , Munderi Paula , Pala Pietro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a World Health Organization–recommended standard of care in resource-limited settings, but the mechanism of CPT’s beneficial effects is unclear. The COSTOP trial (ISRCTN44723643) evaluated the noninferiority of discontinuing CPT in stabilized patients on antiretroviral therapy. The COSTOP immunology substudy was conducted on a subset of COSTOP participants randomized to continue CPT (n = 86) or discontinue CPT (placebo, n = 86) as daily treatment for 1 year.MethodsWe evaluated whether CPT reduces microbial translocation, indicated by the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS control factors such as soluble CD14 (sCD14) and endotoxin core antibody (EndoCAb immunoglobulin M [IgM]) in plasma. Intestinal barrier damage as indicated by plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), T-cell activation, and the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were also evaluated.ResultsWe found no significant change in markers of microbial translocation (LPS, IFABP, sCD14, and T-cell activation), with decreased EndoCAb IgM. There was significant increase in inflammation markers (CRP and IL-6) after stopping CPT compared to those who continued CPT.ConclusionsThese results add to the evidence of immunological benefits of CPT among HIV-infected populations in resource-limited settings. However, no evidence of reducing microbial translocation was observed.
Consolidation of Usability Problems With Novice Evaluators Re-Examined in Individual vs. Collaborative Settings
Authors: Hoffmann Rebekka , Jónsdóttir Anna Helga , Hvannberg Ebba Thora 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsability testing can involve multiple users and evaluators. In such cases, consolidating usability problems (UPs) constitutes an essential part of data analysis. In a between-subjects design, this study aims to re-examine a previous study by comparing the results of novice evaluators merging UPs individually vs. collaboratively and to assess the quality of the final UP lists, by computing the merging rate and the accuracy rate, respectively. Law and Hvannberg compared the results of evaluators merging UPs individually vs. collaboratively in a within-subjects design, revealing a tendency towards merging UPs in collaborative settings. In the present study, 45 novice evaluators consolidated four UP lists into a single UP master list while working alone or with a partner. The results showed no significant difference between evaluators in the two settings, suggesting that the UP consolidation process does not benefit from positive group decision effects.
Keeping Armed Actors Out: The Protective Effect of Shuras in Afghanistan
Authors: Breslawski Jori 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Though civilians have traditionally been perceived as powerless at the hands of armed groups in civil war, recent research credits civilians with a greater degree of agency than previously perceived, revealing that effective institutions may be able to lessen the likelihood of violence in their locality through strategies such as resolving disputes between community members before they involve armed actors. However, systematic tests have been restricted in their scope and level of analysis due to the limited availability of data that captures the effectiveness of community-level institutions, so the applications of existing findings remain unclear. In this article, I replicate findings that effective local institutions lessen the likelihood of violence, even in a “hard” test of the hypothesis. Drawing upon survey data from Afghanistan, I demonstrate that more effective shuras and jirgas are associated with communities that perceive themselves and their families as safer, even in areas marred by armed group violence.
Patient-Reported and Parent Proxy-Reported Outcomes in Pediatric Medical Specialty Clinical Settings: A Systematic Review of Implementation
Authors: Anderson Lindsay M , Papadakis Jaclyn L , Vesco Anthony T , Shapiro Jenna B , Feldman Marissa A , Evans Meredyth A , Weissberg-Benchell Jill 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Youth with chronic illness are at higher risk for psychosocial difficulties, leading to a call for screening via patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The purpose of the current review is to summarize PRO implementation in pediatric medical specialty settings. A literature review of PRO implementation in these settings, conceptual issues, value and approach, legal and ethical concerns, as well as a case example of PROA in type 1 diabetes are presented.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant articles published since the most recent Journal of Pediatric Psychology Special Issue on Evidence-Based Assessment in Pediatric Psychology (2008).

Results
Thirty-two articles were identified and reviewed. The majority of studies reported that PROA was feasible, did not disrupt clinic flow, identified psychosocial issues warranting intervention, and was acceptable to families and providers. Response to elevated scores and impact on behavioral health referrals varied.

Conclusion
While many evidenced-based assessment measures are well-validated within pediatric chronic illness groups, the literature regarding implementation of PROs is still emerging. Research findings are promising, with PROs being feasible, acceptable, and leading to increased discussion of psychosocial issues when integrated into pediatric medical settings. Additional research is needed to evaluate the longitudinal impact of PROs and the optimal manner of responding to assessment data, particularly when clinically-elevated. Ultimately, identifying psychosocial issues in pediatric medical settings can promote optimal health and well-being of youth with chronic illness and their families.
The Relationship Between Interviewer-Respondent Rapport and Data Quality
Authors: Sun Hanyu , Conrad Frederick G , Kreuter Frauke 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Interviewer-respondent rapport is generally considered to be beneficial for the quality of the data collected in survey interviews; however, the relationship between rapport and data quality has rarely been directly investigated. We conducted a laboratory experiment in which eight professional interviewers interviewed 125 respondents to see how the rapport between interviewers and respondents is associated with the quality of data—primarily disclosure of sensitive information—collected in these interviews. It is possible that increased rapport between interviewers and respondents might motivate respondents to be more conscientious, increasing disclosure; alternatively, increased rapport might inhibit disclosure because presenting oneself unfavorably is more aversive if respondents have a positive relationship with the interviewer. More specifically, we examined three issues: (1) what the relationship is between rapport and the disclosure of information of varying levels of sensitivity, (2) how rapport is associated with item nonresponse, and (3) whether rapport can be similarly established in video-mediated and computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPIs). We found that (1) increased respondents’ sense of rapport increased disclosure for questions that are highly sensitive compared with questions about topics of moderate sensitivity; (2) increased respondents’ sense of rapport is not associated with a higher level of item nonresponse; and (3) there was no significant difference in respondents’ rapport ratings between video-mediated and CAPI, suggesting that rapport is just as well established in video-mediated interviews as it is in CAPI.
Language Proficiency Among Respondents: Implications for Data Quality in a Longitudinal Face-To-Face Survey
Authors: Wenz Alexander , Al Baghal Tarek , Gaia Alessandra 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When surveying immigrant populations or ethnic minority groups, it is important for survey researchers to consider that respondents might vary in their level of language proficiency. While survey translations might be offered, they are usually available for a limited number of languages, and even then, non-native speakers may not utilize questionnaires translated into their native language. This article examines the impact of language proficiency among respondents interviewed in English on survey data quality. We use data from Understanding Society: The United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) to examine five indicators of data quality, including “don’t know” responding, primacy effects, straightlining in grids, nonresponse to a self-completion survey component, and change in response across survey waves. Respondents were asked whether they are native speakers of English; non-native speakers were subsequently asked to self-rate whether they have any difficulties speaking or reading English. Results suggest that non-native speakers provide lower data quality for four of the five quality indicators we examined. We find that non-native respondents have higher nonresponse rates to the self-completion section and are more likely to report change across waves, select the primary response option, and show straightlining response behavior in grids. Furthermore, primacy effects and nonresponse rates to the self-completion section vary by self-rated level of language proficiency. No significant effects were found with regard to “don’t know” responding between native and non-native speakers.
Prediction of galaxy halo masses in SDSS DR7 via a machine learning approach
Authors: Calderon Victor F , Berlind Andreas A 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a machine learning (ML) approach for the prediction of galaxies’ dark matter halo masses which achieves an improved performance over conventional methods. We train three ML algorithms (XGBoost, random forests, and neural network) to predict halo masses using a set of synthetic galaxy catalogues that are built by populating dark matter haloes in N-body simulations with galaxies and that match both the clustering and the joint distributions of properties of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We explore the correlation of different galaxy- and group-related properties with halo mass, and extract the set of nine features that contribute the most to the prediction of halo mass. We find that mass predictions from the ML algorithms are more accurate than those from halo abundance matching (HAM) or dynamical mass estimates (DYN). Since the danger of this approach is that our training data might not accurately represent the real Universe, we explore the effect of testing the model on synthetic catalogues built with different assumptions than the ones used in the training phase. We test a variety of models with different ways of populating dark matter haloes, such as adding velocity bias for satellite galaxies. We determine that, though training and testing on different data can lead to systematic errors in predicted masses, the ML approach still yields substantially better masses than either HAM or DYN. Finally, we apply the trained model to a galaxy and group catalogue from the SDSS DR7 and present the resulting halo masses.
ExoMol molecular line lists – XXXV. A rotation-vibration line list for hot ammonia
Authors: Coles Phillip A , Yurchenko Sergei N , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
A new hot line list for 14NH3 is presented. The line list CoYuTe was constructed using an accurate, empirically refined potential energy surface and a CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ ab initio dipole moment surface of ammonia, previously reported. The line list is an improvement of the ammonia line list BYTe. The CoYuTe line list covers wavenumbers up to 20 000 cm−1, i.e. wavelengths beyond 0.5 μm for temperatures up to 1500 K. Comparisons with the high temperature experimental data from the literature show excellent agreement for wavenumbers below 6000 cm−1. The CoYuTe line list contains 16.9 billion transitions and is available from the ExoMol website (www.exomol.com) and the CDS data base.
Rotational and pulsational variability in the TESS light curve of HD 27463
Authors: Khalack V , Lovekin C , Bowman D M , Kobzar O , David-Uraz A , Paunzen E , Sikora J , Lenz P , Kochukhov O , Holdsworth D L , Wade G A 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The new photometric data on pulsating Ap star HD 27463 obtained recently with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) are analysed to search for variability. Our analysis shows that HD 27463 exhibits two types of photometric variability. The low-frequency variability with the period P = 2.834 274 ± 0.000 008 d can be explained in terms of axial stellar rotation assuming the oblique magnetic rotator model and presence of surface abundance/brightness spots, while the detected high-frequency variations are characteristics of δ Scuti pulsations. From the analysis of Balmer line profiles visible in two FEROS spectra of HD 27463 we have derived its effective temperature and surface gravity, finding values that are close to those published for this star in the TESS Input Catalogue (TIC). Knowing the rotation period and the v sin i value estimated from the fitting of Balmer line profiles we found that the rotational axis is inclined to the line of sight with an angle of $i=33\pm 8\deg$. Our best-fitting model of the observed pulsation modes results in an overshoot parameter value fov = 0.014 and values of global stellar parameters that are in good agreement with the data reported in the TIC and with the data derived from fitting Balmer line profiles. This model indicates an age of 5.0 ± 0.4 × 108 yr, which corresponds to a core hydrogen fraction of 0.33.
NuSTAR view of Be/X-ray binary pulsar 2S 1417−624 during 2018 giant outburst
Authors: Gupta Shivangi , Naik Sachindra , Jaisawal Gaurava K 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We report the results obtained from a detailed timing and spectral studies of Be/X-ray binary pulsar 2S 1417−624 using data from Swift and NuSTAR observatories. The observations were carried out at the peak of a giant outburst of the pulsar in 2018. X-ray pulsations at ∼17.475 s were detected in the source light curves up to 79 keV. The evolution of the pulse profiles with energy was found to be complex. A four-peaked profile at lower energies gradually evolved into a double-peak structure at higher energies. The pulsed fraction of the pulsar, calculated from the NuSTAR observation was found to follow an anticorrelation trend with luminosity as observed during previous giant X-ray outburst studies in 2009. The broad-band spectrum of the pulsar is well described by a composite model consisting of a cut-off power-law model modified with the interstellar absorption, a thermal blackbody component with a temperature of ≈1 keV, and a Gaussian function for the 6.4 keV iron emission line. Though the pulsar was observed at the peak of the giant outburst, there was no signature of presence of any cyclotron line feature in the spectrum. The radius of the blackbody emitting region was estimated to be ≈2 km, suggesting that the most probable site of its origin is the stellar surface of the neutron star. Physical models were also explored to understand the emission geometry of the pulsar and are discussed in the paper.
The Evolutionary History of Ephs and Ephrins: Toward Multicellular Organisms
Authors: Arcas Aida , Wilkinson David G , Nieto M Ángela 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eph receptor (Eph) and ephrin signaling regulate fundamental developmental processes through both forward and reverse signaling triggered upon cell–cell contact. In vertebrates, they are both classified into classes A and B, and some representatives have been identified in many metazoan groups, where their expression and functions have been well studied. We have extended previous phylogenetic analyses and examined the presence of Eph and ephrins in the tree of life to determine their origin and evolution. We have found that 1) premetazoan choanoflagellates may already have rudimental Eph/ephrin signaling as they have an Eph-/ephrin-like pair and homologs of downstream-signaling genes; 2) both forward- and reverse-downstream signaling might already occur in Porifera since sponges have most genes involved in these types of signaling; 3) the nonvertebrate metazoan Eph is a type-B receptor that can bind ephrins regardless of their membrane-anchoring structure, glycosylphosphatidylinositol, or transmembrane; 4) Eph/ephrin cross-class binding is specific to Gnathostomata; and 5) kinase-dead Eph receptors can be traced back to Gnathostomata. We conclude that Eph/ephrin signaling is of older origin than previously believed. We also examined the presence of protein domains associated with functional characteristics and the appearance and conservation of downstream-signaling pathways to understand the original and derived functions of Ephs and ephrins. We find that the evolutionary history of these gene families points to an ancestral function in cell–cell interactions that could contribute to the emergence of multicellularity and, in particular, to the required segregation of cell populations.
Active digital spoof plasmonics
Authors: Zhang Hao Chi , Cui Tie Jun , Luo Yu , Zhang Jingjing , Xu Jie , He Pei Hang , Zhang Le Peng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Digital coding and digital modulation are the foundation of modern information science. The combination of digital technology with metamaterials provides a powerful scheme for spatial and temporal controls of electromagnetic waves. Such a technique, however, has thus far been limited to the control of free-space light. Its application to plasmonics to shape subwavelength fields still remains elusive. Here, we report the design and experimental realization of a tunable conformal plasmonic metasurface, which is capable of digitally coding and modulating designer surface plasmons at the deep-subwavelength scale. Based on dynamical switching between two discrete dispersion states in a controlled manner, we achieve digital modulations of both amplitude and phase of surface waves with nearly 100% modulation depth on a single device. Our study not only introduces a new approach for active dispersion engineering, but also constitutes an important step towards the realization of subwavelength integrated plasmonic circuits.
Impact of nutrition interventions and dietary nutrient density on productivity in the workplace
Authors: Drewnowski Adam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The global spread of diet-related noncommunicable diseases represents a threat to public health and national economies alike. The elimination of poverty and the eradication of hunger, two key United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, cannot be accomplished without a well-nourished labor force. Easy access to low-cost diets that are energy dense but nutrient poor has resulted in hidden hunger, in which micronutrient deficiencies coexist with obesity or overweight. Workplace interventions in low- and middle-income countries have addressed nutrient adequacy and micronutrient deficiencies, often using fortified foods. Workplace interventions in high-income countries have largely focused on weight loss, smoking cessation, stress reduction, and physical activity. Even though improvement of productivity may have been the ultimate goal, relatively few interventions in high-income countries have explored the likely impact of improved dietary nutrient density on workplace performance. Given that optimal nutrition benefits both physical and mental health, interventions to improve diet quality ought to have a measurable impact on the productivity of the labor force. The present review examines the evidence linking workplace dietary interventions with workplace productivity measures.