bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotid artery stenosis, an underestimated cause of stroke recurrence in patients with ischaemic monocular visual loss
Authors: Cheng SF , Zarkali A , Richards T , Simister R , Chandratheva A 
Published: June 2019

Introduction Isolated monocular ischaemic events are thought to be low risk for stroke recurrence. In the presence of carotid stenosis however, the risks should not be treated similarly and surgical intervention should be considered at an early stage. The aim of this study was to determine the vascular risk profile and stroke recurrence in patients with ischaemic monocular visual loss. Methods and methods Consecutive records for all patients with monocular ischaemia were reviewed from January 2014 to October 2016. Stroke, transient ischaemic attack or monocular ischaemia recurrence within 90 days were recorded. Carotid stenosis was assessed with duplex ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography. Results In total, 400 patients presented with monocular ischaemia; 391 had carotid imaging (97.8%). Causality was symptomatic carotid stenosis ≥ 50% in 53 (13.6%), including carotid stenosis ≥ 70% in 31 (7.9%). Patients with permanent visual loss (n = 131) were more likely to have significant stenosis compared with patients with transient visual loss (n = 260), 19.8% compared with 10.4% (P = 0.012). Recurrent stroke, transient ischaemic attack or monocular ischaemia within 90 days after presentation occurred in three patients (5.7%) in the carotid stenosis group, compared to three (0.9%) who did not have stenosis (P = 0.035). Age, male sex and hypertension were associated with carotid stenosis but hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes and smoking were not. Conclusions Carotid stenosis ≥ 50% is present in patients with ocular ischaemia in approximately 20% of those with persistent visual loss and in 10% with transient visual loss. Those with carotid stenosis have a higher risk of stroke recurrence and should be considered urgent surgical intervention as other forms of stroke.
Day of surgery: the impact on patient length of stay in a tertiary vascular unit
Authors: Holford NC , Ní Ghuidhir C , Hands L 
Published: June 2019

Background Our hypothesis was that patients undergoing surgery earlier in the week would have better access to physiotherapy and other discharge services after surgery and, as a result, would have a shorter length of hospital stay compared with patients undergoing surgery later in the week. This study aimed to assess whether there is a significant difference in postoperative length of hospital stay between the groups with secondary assessment by operation subtype. Methods We identified all patients admitted for vascular surgery in 2015 from a prospectively collected database and divided the week into Monday to Wednesday and Thursday to Friday. Endovascular cases were included but day cases were excluded. Further analysis was performed with a breakdown in both groups by operation type. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0. Results We identified 652 patients who met our criteria. Within the elective patient group, there was a significantly longer length of stay of three days for the late-week group compared with two days for the early-week group (P = 0.016). Femoral artery procedures had a median length of stay of two days for those operated on early in the week compared with four days later in the week (P < 0.005). Open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair showed a trend to longer length of stay in the late-week group (P = 0.06). Conclusion Day of surgery appears to impact on patients’ length of stay following vascular procedures, with the greatest impact on medium-sized procedures. This difference could be explained by the difference in weekend support services, but further evaluation is required following introduction of weekend support services to assess this.
Cartografando o panorama da pesquisa em biblioterapia no Brasil: mapa produzido a partir do território da base referencial de artigos de periódicos em Ciência da Informação (Brapci) e a Plataforma Lattes
Authors: Andrade Lucas Veras de , Silva Ana Caroline Oliveira da 
Published: June 2019

O trabalho centra-se em apresentar o panorama da pesquisa em biblioterapia no Brasil. O corpus do estudo foi constituído a partir das informações contidas nos territórios da Base Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI) e na Plataforma Lattes, delimitando como recorte temporal os anos de (1975-2017). Nesse sentido, temos como objetivo geral: Mapear a produção científica brasileira em biblioterapia, tendo por base a BRAPCI. Elecando ainda como objetivos específicos: 1) Identificar o comportamento da produção em biblioterapia ao longo do tempo; 2) Levantar o perfil dos pesquisadores; 3) Mapear as instituições com grupos de pesquisa no tema ou linhas que tem como escopo o estudo da biblioterapia; 4) Demonstar a área geográfica dos pesquiadores e os periódicos que mais publicam artigos relacionados ao tema. Nesse sentido, tem-se como metodologia, a abordagem quanti-qualitativa com perspectiva descritiva, tendo a partir análise contéudo a estruturação das categorias de análise. Os resultados demonstram que apesar de um número considerável de pesquisadores, a pesquisa em biblioterapia se demonstra tímida quando comparada a outras áreas dentro do contexto da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação. Nó entanto, em crescimento constante ao longo dos anos. Nisso, tem-se destaque dois grupos de Pesquisas: o Laboratório de Estudos em Biblioterapia, Bibliotecas Escolares e Leitura e o Grupo de Estudos em Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação (GEPEBIC).
Temática da biblioteca escolar publicada em revistas científicas
Authors: Rita Andreia Aguiar , Blattmann Ursula 
Published: June 2019

O estudo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa bibliográfica cujo objetivo visa analisar a temática da Biblioteca escolar nos periódicos da Ciência da Informação. Os objetivos específicos : a) Levantar os artigos publicados sobre biblioteca escolar em periódicos da Ciência da Informação; b) Verificar quais periódicos têm maior representatividade na área de Biblioteca Escolar; c) Descrever o perfil dos autores mais produtivos sobre Biblioteca escolar de acordo com sua titulação e instituição de origem. Para identificar artigos nos periódicos da área foi usada a Base de dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI). Nos resultados observou-se 100 artigos dos quais 95 se enquadraram nos parâmetros estabelecidos para realização deste estudo. A pesquisa revelou três revistas que mais publicaram artigos na área de biblioteca escolar: Revista Brasileira de Biblioteconomia e Documentação – RBBD com 27 artigos, a Biblioteca Escolar em Revista a com 27 artigos, e a Revista ACB com 13 artigos. No que se refere ao perfil dos autores pode-se dizer que a maioria são docentes em Instituições de Ensino Superior. As instituições de origem dos autores são: a UNESP com cinco, a UFMG com três e a UEL com duas pessoas.
Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin: small pore, large consequences
Authors: von Hoven Gisela , Qin Qianqian , Neukirch Claudia , Husmann Matthias , Hellmann Nadja 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The small β-pore-forming α-toxin, also termed α-hemolysin or Hla is considered to be an important virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus. Perforation of the plasma membrane (PM) by Hla leads to uncontrolled flux of ions and water. Already a small number of toxin pores seems to be sufficient to induce complex cellular responses, many of which depend on the efflux of potassium. In this article, we discuss the implications of secondary membrane lesions, for example, by endogenous channels, for Hla-mediated toxicity, for calcium-influx and membrane repair. Activation of purinergic receptors has been proposed to be a major contributor to the lytic effects of various pore forming proteins, but new findings raise doubts that this holds true for Hla. However, the recently discovered cellular pore forming proteins gasdermin D and Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) which perforate the PM from the cytosolic side might contribute to both calcium-influx-dependent damage and membrane repair. Activation of endogenous pore forming proteins by Hla above a threshold concentration could explain the apparent dependence of pore characteristics on toxin concentrations. If secondary membrane damage in the aftermath of Hla-attack contributes significantly to overall PM permeability, it might be an interesting target for new therapeutic approaches.
Mental Health Problems and Initiation of E-cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use
Authors: Riehm Kira E. , Young Andrea S. , Feder Kenneth A. , Krawczyk Noa , Tormohlen Kayla N. , Pacek Lauren R. , Mojtabai Ramin , Crum Rosa M. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
During adolescence, mental health problems may increase the risk of initiating combustible cigarette use. However, it is unknown if this association extends to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We examined whether internalizing and externalizing problems were associated with initiation of e-cigarette, combustible cigarette, and dual-product use among adolescents.

METHODS:
Participants were drawn from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of US adolescents followed from 2013 to 2015. The study sample included 7702 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who at baseline reported no lifetime use of tobacco products. We examined the respective associations between baseline internalizing and externalizing problems and initiating use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, or both at 1-year follow-up.

RESULTS:
Compared with adolescents with low externalizing problems, adolescents with high externalizing problems were significantly more likely to initiate use of e-cigarettes (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76–4.40), combustible cigarettes (aRRR = 5.59; 95% CI: 2.63–11.90), and both products (aRRR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.15–4.31). Adolescents with high internalizing problems were at increased risk of initiating use of e-cigarettes (aRRR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.12–2.33) but not combustible cigarettes or both products.

CONCLUSIONS:
Mental health problems are associated with increased risk for initiating e-cigarette, combustible cigarette, and dual-product use in adolescence. This association is more consistent for externalizing problems than internalizing problems. Addressing mental health problems could be a promising target for preventing initiation of nicotine- and/or tobacco-product use by adolescents.
Aproximación descriptiva al fenómeno del suicidio en el estado de Mérida, Venezuela
Authors: Crespo Freddy 
Published: June 2019

El presente estudio es una aproximación descriptiva al suicidio en el estado de Mérida, Venezuela, con el objetivo de exponer y alertar sobre el comportamiento de este fenómeno y su tendencia diferenciada con las tasas de los demás estados en el lapso 1995-2012. Empleando una metodología complementaria, se expone la tendencia de suicidios a escala nacional y su diferenciación entre los diferentes estados. Igualmente, se efectuaron entrevistas en profundidad a los familiares de las personas suicidas. Los resultados demuestran que la tasa de suicidio de Mérida tiene un comportamiento diferente a la tendencia nacional y de los demás estados, pues constituye la más alta en el lapso en estudio. Por otro lado, las entrevistas muestran una desestructuración de la relación entre medios y metas sociales debido a la coyuntura por la que atraviesa el país, lo cual conlleva a la acumulación de tensión del individuo. La principal conclusión es que esta situación está generando nuevas morfologías para la expresión de la conducta violenta, entre las que el suicidio es una acción muy probable.
Abstract
The present study is a descriptive approximation to suicide in Merida, Venezuela, with the objective of exposing and alerting about the behavior of this phenomenon and its differentiated tendency with the rates of the other states of Venezuela in the period 1995-2012. Using a complementary methodology, the national suicide trend and its differentiation between the different states is exposed. Likewise, in-depth interviews were conducted with the relatives of the suicidal persons in the state. The results show that Merida's suicide rate behaves differently from the national trend and that of the other states, since it is the highest in the period under study. On the other hand, the interviews show a destructuring of the relationship between means and social goals due to the situation that the country is going through, which leads to the accumulation of tension of the individual. The main conclusion is that this situation is generating new morphologies for the expression of violent behavior, among which suicide is a very probable action.
Justicia restaurativa y reintegración social: retos procedimentales y estructurales
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Alejandro Ernesto , Bazán Mayagoitia Norma Deirdré 
Published: June 2019

El artículo tiene como propósitos identificar y examinar los principales retos estructurales y procedimentales de la reintegración social para adolescentes en México, así como analizar la posible transformación del actual sistema de justicia para adolescentes, de carácter positivista, punitivo y sustentado en prácticas penitenciarias violatorias de los derechos humanos, en un sistema de justicia que sane y restaure las omisiones sociales e institucionales, al igual que las condiciones de exclusión y marginación que históricamente han caracterizado a los/las adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. Para ello, se utiliza el método etnográfico, por medio de observación participante, entrevistas y grupos focales con asociaciones civiles vinculadas al proceso de reintegración. El marco teórico se basa en la teoría crítica, fundamentalmente criminológica. Se concluye que, si bien la justicia restaurativa ha sido incorporada declarativamente a los mecanismos penitenciarios, el núcleo positivista del sistema penal todavía produce y permite violaciones a los derechos humanos, aun con la labor que desarrollan asociaciones civiles, centrada en la dimensión fundamental de la justicia restaurativa: el vínculo social entre jóvenes y comunidad.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to identify and examine the main structural and procedural challenges of social reintegration for adolescents in Mexico, as well as to analyze the possible transformation of the current justice system for adolescents (which is positivist, punitive and sustained in penitentiary practices that violate human rights), into a justice system that heals and restores social and institutional omissions, and also the conditions of exclusion and marginalization that historically have characterized adolescents in conflict with the law. For such purposes, the ethnographic method is used, through interviews and focus groups with organizations of civil society. The theoretical framework is based on critical theory, fundamentally criminological. It is concluded that, although restorative justice has been incorporated declaratively into penitentiary mechanisms, the positivist nucleus of the penal system still produces and allows violations of human rights, even with the work developed by civil associations focused on the fundamental dimension of restorative justice: the social bond between the youth and the community.
La Performance y los Laboratorios de la Utopía: Oskar Schlemmer y la Creación de la Noción de Performance
Authors: Navarro Segura Maria Isabel (Maisa) , Camerino Parra Angélica 
Published: June 2019

The main emphasis of the article is on the origins of performative manifestations until they reached a conscious conceptual development with repercussions on contemporary artistic practices. Here we will see how the figure of Oskar Schlemmer, who had started as an artist in the visual arts,was gradually metamorphosed until concreting performative and action experimentations that carried out representative expressions of the utopian laboratories within the vanguards of the first half of the twentieth century; thus contributing to the creation of the notion of performances with a wideand rich possibility of using materials and with a conceptual depth of great depth in constant relation with the most groundbreaking philosophical currents of the time. In addition, he processed and carried out, alone or with the collaboration of several artists, all the known modalities of creative expressions that occurred in parallel with the technological development. And to this was added the research component on the body, human syche, biocentrism, color, materials, music, lighting and prosthetics, among otherpoints of interest, and on which will delve into the present work.
Relations on Taxes Imposition as General Regulatory Tax Relations
Authors: Yadrikhinskiy S. A. 
Published: June 2019

In the paper the author attempts to define the legal nature of relations regarding establishment and introduction of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The author refutes the traditional ideas about the absolute model of such legal relations, as the alleged circle of obligated persons does not have the potential to prevent implementation of the sovereign right of the authorized party. It is concluded that relations concerning the imposition of taxes amount to general regulatory relations with broader legal relations, where the right of the authorized person corresponds to the legal status manifesting connectedness, dependence of the opposing subject as the actions of the authorized entity inevitably affect his or her interest. The author identifies the subjects (participants) in such relations and analyzes the peculiarity of their interaction that is manifested in a bilateral (mutual) legal relationship. The paper demonstrates the rights-obligations status of the participants of such relations through direct and reverse legal relations. The State acts not only as a holder of power, but also as the main guarantor of the rights and legitimate interests of all citizens. The article scrutinizes the content of the legitimate interest of the taxpayer based on the fundamental principles of tax law and determining the lawmaker’s behavior.Based on the analysis of the legal relationship between a public law entity and the taxpayer, the author outlines the boundaries of discretionary powers and criteria of discretion of the legislator in the process of imposition of taxes. The tools of reasonable deterrence of fiscal appetite include legal requirements, as well as constitutional and legal justification of legislative decisions.The author emphasizes the importance of active involvement of the taxpayer in the process of regulatory control of legislative provisions.
Form of Government in Countries around the World: Classification Problems and their Possible Solutions
Authors: Nechkin A. V. 
Published: June 2019

The main purpose of the paper is to develop a unified classification of the states of the world according to the form of government. The author considers the existing approaches, and the classification of the world states in the form of government in the theory and practice of state-building.Further, the author gives examples of states whose forms of government cannot be classified within the framework of traditional approaches. To solve this problem of classification, the author proposes, in addition to the typical (traditional) forms of government — monarchy and republic, to allocate atypical forms of government — a monarchy with a republican element and a republic with a monarchical element, and within the republican form of government, in addition to the traditional (classical) varieties — presidential, parliamentary and semi-presidential republics. It is proposed to allocate non-traditional (non-classical) varieties — hybrid, superpresidential, socialist and Islamic. In addition, the author distinguishes the mixed republic in two varieties (semipresidential and semi-parliamentary republics) as a kind of watershed between traditional and non-traditional varieties of the republican form of government. Within the framework of the paper, the author also touches upon the question of correlation of the categories «form of government», «state and political regime», concluding that they are independent but interrelated categories. In conclusion, the author summarizes the findings of the study and, for clarity, offers a scheme of his own approach to the classification of the States of the world in the form of government.
REC.: Zaratustrianizm, czyli kwestia interpretacji – refleksje na marginesie książki: Marta Jaworek, Mit dziecka – Korczak – Nietzsche – Zaratustra, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo SBP, 2016, ss. 196
Authors: Janusz-Lorkowska Monika 
Published: June 2019

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Effect of 6 weeks aerobic training on peripheral neuropathic pain and expression of NOTCH1 pathway genes in posterior spinal cord of diabetic male rats
Authors: Askarabadi Siros Hosseini , Mirnasouri Rahim , Rahmati Masoud 
Published: June 2019

Introdution: Neuropathic pain is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of life of people with diabetes mellitus; regular exercises may have a role in reducing the pain associated with diabetes. The purpose of this study was the effect of six weeks aerobic training on environmental neuropathic pain and expression of the NOTCH1 pathway in the spinal cord of diabetic male rats.
Methods: 40 male Wistar rats (age: 8 weeks old; weight 220-250g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: diabetic neuropathy training (DNT), diabetic neuropathy control (DNC), healthy training (HT) and healthy control (HC).The diabetic groups were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and two weeks after induction of diabetes, behavioral pain tests were administered and endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks and 5 sessions per week. .The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 19 and one-way ANOVA with a significant level (P <0.05)
Results: After 6 weeks of aerobic training, the expression of NOTCH1 HES1 and il6 genes in diabetic neuropathy training group was significantly lower than the diabetic neuropathy control group (P≤0/05). The mean weight of the diabetic neuropathic training group was more than the diabetic neuropathy control group (p=0/001). Also, exercise significantly decreased blood glucose levels in the diabetic neuropathy group (P=0/237).
Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise on rats with diabetic neuropathy can affect on pain sensation as well as the levels of NOTCH1, HES1 and il6 factors, and aerobic exercise is a suitable method for preventing, controlling and treating pain associated with diabetes.