bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Early Jurassic Micromammals from Upper Gondwana Sequence of Pranhita Godavari Valley, India
Authors: Datta P. M. , Yadagiri P. , Jagannatha Rao B. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of Early Jurassic mammalian parts which are microscopic consisting of teeth, mandibles with attached teeth, limb bones, vertibrae, pelvic and pectoral girdles and broken skull portions, have been found for the first time in the marly clay of the Kota Formation from Yamanpalli area in Pranhita Godavari Valley of Andhra Pradesh, India. Also occurring with these micromammalian remains are interesting microscopic eggs. The paper gives an account of the stratigraphic setting of the horizon yielding the micromammalian fossils and fossil evidences that support Early Jurassic age for the Kota Formation.
Narmada-Son Lineament of India Traced into Madagascar
Authors: Crawford A. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An extension of the Narmada-Son lineament of peninsular India can be traced across northern Madagascar, the lineament having been continuous in Gondwanaland. The Indian section, now a narrow seismicrift, appears to be a deep fault. It influenced Precambrian and Phanerozoic sedimentation and is the locus for post-Deccan Trap carbonatite and fluorite occurrences. The Malagasy section shows comparable unusual rocks. Postulated sinistral movement along the Indian section of about 450 km culminating at 750 Ma BP was associated with volcanism, plutonism and base metal mineralisation. The structure may not then have been in existence in Madagascar.
Some Observations on the Foraminifera from the Tertiary Rocks of the Vinjhan-Miani Area, Kutch
Authors: Jauhari A. K. , Vimal K. P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Six biostratigraphic zones of local nature have been proposed in this section and correlated on regional as well as inter-continental scale. Possible palaeoecologic interpretations are briefly discussed with the help of recovered fossil fauna.
Occurrence of Camelus Sivalensis Falconer and Cautley from the Tatrot formation of Ambala, India
Authors: Nanda A. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper gives the first detailed morphological description of a partial mandibular ramus of Camelus sivalensis Falconer and Cautley from the Tatrot Formation of the Siwalik Hills of Ambala district and discusses in brief its stratigraphic occurrence.
Deformation and Metamorphism in the Western Part of Singhbhum Shear Belt Around Lapsa Buru and Kharsawan, Bihar
Authors: Sarkar A. N. , Bhattacharyya D. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rocks record four phases of deformation, of which the imprints of the first two are not readily recognisable. The deformation during the third phase was the most intense and is manifested in the northern part of the area by a set of E-W folds on an earlier schistosity and its transposition into a later schistosity. Towards the south, the transposition increases and culminates in the formation of the shear zone. The fourth deformation, restricted within the shear zone, indicates a relative downsliding movement of the northern block over the southern block. Two phases of regional metamorphism are recognised: (i) a progressive cycle, synchronous with the first deformation, and (ii) a progressive-retrogressive cycle, syn-to post-kinematic with respect to the third deformation. The later cycle shows a general increase of grade towards tbe north. The study records two highly contrasting, but grossly simultaneous, tectonometamorphic environments during the third deformation: (i) low stresses, low strain-rates, more of grain rotation and progressive metamorphism in the areas of folding in the north, and (ii) high stresses, high strain-rates, more of flowage and slip and retrogressive metamorphism in the shear zone in the south.
On the Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of the Vindhyan Sediments in the Chitrakut Area, Banda District (U.P.)-Satna District (M.P.)
Authors: Singh I. B. , Kumar S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The lower Vindhyan sediments of Chitrakut area (Chitrakut Formation-Semri Group of Son Valley) are deposits of a tidal swept shallow sea, mainly in tidal flats under extremely stable conditions. They represent a special case of condensation horizons (condensed deposit) under conditions of exceptionally low rates of deposition and negligible sinking of the basin. The stromatolite assemblage suggests lower Riphean age and can be correlated to the Kajrahat limestone of Son Valley area. A marked depositional hiatus is established at the base of Kaimur at Sangrampur hill. Variation in the facies and absence of time plane index-horizons makes the correlation in the Chitrakut area very difficult. It is too early to suggest a generalized lithostratigraphy for the Chitrakut Formation.
Ganges Versus Indus Cone-A Comparative Study
Authors: Mallik Tapas Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Ganges and the Indus cones represent two of the most important sediment inputs in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea respectively. The different aspects of these cones have been presented here giving mainly the Deep Sea Drilling Project Data and results of smear slide examinations and other sedimentalogical studies of samples from the DSDP sites on these cones and from the river mouths.
Structural Studies in the Archaean Sargur and Dharwar Supracrustal Rocks of the Karnataka Craton
Authors: Chadwick Brian , Ramakrishnan M. , Viswanatha M. N. , Srinivasa Murthy V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Structural studies in the linear supracrustal belts and adjacent Peninsular Gneiss in the areas of Sargur, Holenarsipur and Chitradurga have revealed Land S tectonites and related structures, which are attributed to phases of deformation SgDl, SgD2 and SgD3 in the older Sargur Group and DhDI, DhD2 and DhD3 in the younger Dharwar Supergroup. These phases gave rise to comparable patterns of strain in each group, the deformation taking place with similar timing relative to metamorphism. Metamorphic grade is higher (middle to upper amphibolite facies) in the Sargur Group and lower (upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies) in the Dharwar Supergroup: the higher grade assemblages in the Sargur Group show some degree of retrogression. The structures and fabrics in both groups may either be of approximately the same age (SgD1=DhDl, SgD2=DhD2, SgD3=DhD3) or more probably, the SgDI, SgD2 and SgD3 structures and fabrics in the Sargur Group may be older and were rotated into parallelism with younger structures formed in the Dharwar Supergroup during phases of deformation DhD1 and DhD2 that gave rise to the present form of the linear belts of supracrustal rocks extending from Sargur to Chitradurga. Some aspects of the Archaean tectonometamorphic evolution of the Karnataka Craton are discussed in the light of these alternatives.
Rare Earth Minerals of Carbonatites of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Semenov E. I. , Upendran R. , Subramanian V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Uranium-titanium pyrochlore, fergusonite (cubic), eschynite, Fe-Nb rutile, allanite, chevkinite, thorite and bastnaesite are some of the rare earth minerals identified and described.
Fossil Sea Cow from the Tertiary of Kutch
Authors: Satsangi P. P. , Trivedy A. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper records the occurrence of Sea Cow from the Tertiary sediments of Kutch. The mandibular fragment recovered from the ferruginous marl.beds of Chattian resembles Halitherlum reported from Europe, Africa and North America. In certain respects it is comparable to Dugong, the living genus, and it may represent a transitional form between the two. With overall consideration it is assigned Halitherium sp.
Nature of Fluorspar Mineralisation at Chowkri-Chhapoli, Sikar-Jhunjhunu Districts, Rajasthan
Authors: Ranawat P. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fluorite mineralisation is localised in post-Delhi intrusives of tonalite, hornblendite and vein quartz at Chowkri. Fluorite occurs in Ajabgarh feldspathic quartzites at Chhapoli and also aplites of younger age. The mineralisation is attributed to hydrothermal solutions genetically related to the post-Delhi intrusive granite, tonalite and aplites of the area.
Structural History of Sargur Supracrustals and Associated Gneisses, Southwest of Mysore, Karnataka
Authors: Janardhan A. S. , Ramachandra H. M. , Ravindra Kumar G. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Results of structural investigations in Sargur schist complex around Sargur, Dodkanya and Gundlupet indicate four major fold episodes and associated fault movements. These episodes have resulted in the formation of antiform-synform structures(F2), extensive interleaving and dome-basin patterns (F2 and F3). Tectono-metamorphic studies have brought out the polymetamorphic (with late retrogressive) and polydeformational nature of the terrain. At least two migmatization events and (anatectic) granitic intrusions (associated with F2 and F3) have been recognised. A classification of gneisses of the area has been made and reasons and criteria for the recognition of 'Kabini gneiss' are given.
The tectonic relations between the Sargurs, Dharwars and 'Khondalite-Char- nockites', point to structural continuity of the Sargur terrain with the 'Khondalite-Charnockite' terrain to its south.
Geology, Structure and Uranium Mineralisation in Kulu, Himachal Himalaya
Authors: Narayan Das G. R. , Parthasarathy T. N. , Taneja P. C. , Perumal N. V. A. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Uranium mineralisation as Uraninite vein filling is seen in joints and fractures in the quartzites exposed within an eroded cover of crystallines, tectonically thrust from east and NE in Kulu-Banjar area of Himachal Pradesh. Analysis of the joints suggests a tensional origin and can be related to the three main folding events identified from the fold structure in the quartzites. It is believed that the mineralisation is essentially under low temperature-pressure conditions as there is a remarkable absence of large scale wallrock alteration.
U-Pb dating of six Uraninite samples reveals two distinct episodes of mineralisation at 1200 m.y. and 700 m.y. confirming the Precambrian age of Uranium mineralisation, and associated metasediments.
Environment and Age of the Tal formation of Mussorie and Nilkanth Areas of Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Singh Indra Bir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Tal Formation in Mussorie area represents deposits of a shallow tidal sea. The basal black shale succession-with phosphorite, chert, and minor amounts of sandy layers and limestone bands is the deposit of a protected lagoon or embayment, followed by streaky siltstone facies, representing deposits of a protected tidal flat. Streaky siltstone shows characteristic features of mixed flat and mud flat of intertidal zone. The topmost thick quartzite succession is a deposit of a shoal complex of a tidal sea with rather high energy. Thus, from bottom towards top of the Tal succession, there is a gradual improvement in the circulation system, as well as increase in the energy of deposition. The fossiliferous shell limestone (Nilkanth Formation) is not a part of the Tal Formation, but represents deposits of a high-energy sand bar-shoal complex of a shallow tidal sea.
The Tal succession is devoid of any well defined body fossils and a Precambrian age is proposed. The fossil-bearing horizons occurring in association with the Tal Formation (hitherto considered to be part of Tal Formation) may belong to different age, namely, Carboniferous-Permian and Jurassic-Cretaceous; however, and these horizons do not appear to form part of the Tal succession.
Fossil Plants from the Sub-Recent Clay in Sirmur District, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Tewari A. P. , Swain P. K. , Awasthi N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This note records some Prunus sp., Mallotus philippinensis Muell, and Celtis sp. from Kalidhang in district Sirmur, Himachal Pradesh. These plant fossils were found embedded in varve like clay around Kalidhang during the course of the field investigation in 1975-76. The geological set-up and the plant assemblage indicate a sub-Recent age for the clay beds.
Migrations of the Indus River, Pakistan, in Response to Plate Tectonic Motions
Authors: Snelgrove Alfred K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is contended that the westerly shift of the Indus River, up to about 160km, much of which occurred during historic times and is attested to by a network of abandoned channels and associated structures (and the corresponding easterly trend of the Ganges) is a side-effect of the northward drift of the Indian tectonic plate.
In the extremely fiat alluvial Indus Plain, located in a mobile belt near the boundary of the Indian and Afghanistan plates, instrumental documentation of tilting is lacking but is strongly indicated by systematic and progressive river migrations in stages recognized by Pithawalla as Prehistoric, Greek, Arab, Middle Ages, Eighteenth Century, and British.
Speculations are ventured on how future differential motions of the Indus and Afghanistan plates might further affect the Indus drainage; engineering applications of such motions focus on the Tarbela Dam.
Palaeomagnetism of the Dykes from Kolar Gold Mines, India
Authors: Damodara Reddy V. , Prasad C. V. R. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Results of the palaeomagnetic studies on five dykes intruding the Archaean schists from the Nundydroog mine (lat. 12°57', long. 78°15") of the Kolar Gold Fields are reported. Three dykes have given consistent and stable directions after cleaning in an alternating field of 150-200 oe. The virtual geomagnetic poles (VGP's) of these dykes are 47°N, 163°W; 50°N 36°W; and 45°N, 30°W. A Precambrian polar wandering curve for India is drawn taking into consideration radiometric ages and the palaeomagnetic data, available from the formations other than the dykes. Based on this polar wandering curve the ages of the dykes are interpreted. It is suggested that these dykes occupy the fractures which were probably formed during Precambrian times, due to an East-West compressive stress. Continental drift in Precambrian era is indicated.
Welded Tuffs from Mangampeta, Cuddapah District Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sastry A. V. R. , Viswanath K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Close association of peralkaline vitric crystal tuffs (welded) with the massive dark grey stratified barytes deposit is reported. Megascopic and microscopic description of the rocks reveal that these rocks are of eruptive origin.
Chemical analyses of three representative rock samples are given. Peculiar chemical characteristics are discussed.
Factors of Concentration of Chalcophile Elements in the Evolution of Plateau-Basaltic Magmas
Authors: Al' Mukhamedov A. I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The geochemical evolution of ore-bearing trappean intrusions particularly from the Siberian platform is discussed. Analysis of empirical geochemical and experimental data shows, on the one hand, that it is reasonable to suggest that chalcophile elements were concentrated together with the sulfide melt in the lower horizons of the bedded bodies due to gravitational accumulation of the sulfide melt and, on the other hand, that the mechanism of sulfurization of basic magmas is the most possible one to explain the formation of sulfide liquid in sufficient quantities to concentrate ore components in economic amounts.
Within the framework of the hypothesis of magmatic sulphurization, the source of ore elements is the parental magma. The source of sulfur seems to be of crustal nature. Since the sulfide melt formed after the sulfurization mechanism is in equilibrium with the silicate part of the system, it does not differ from the sulfide melt formed due to liquation of the sulfur dissolved in the magma. There are as yet no data enough for a quantitative estimation of the contribution from the sulfide-silicate liquation which is, undoubtedly, manifested steadily. However, it may be stated that the role of sulfide-liquid liquation in the ore genesis is negligible.
In terms of the above mechanism, the conditions necessary for chalcophile elements to be concentrated at the magmatic stage in ore amounts are estimated: 1. Primary enrichment of ore elements in magma at the pre-chamber stage effected by the formation of magnesian melts. 2. The contact of the intruding melt with sulfur-containing sequences. 3. Deep differentiation of the intruding melt to facilitate gravitational accumulation of sulfide liquid.
Geochemistry and Origin of Acidic Rocks of Shimoga, Karnataka, India
Authors: Ali Syed , Divakara Rao V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Acid igneous rocks of Shimoga which were earlier mapped as single granite unit actually consist of two distinct lithological units: an older tonalite and a younger granodiorite. Tonalite is highly disturbed, migmatised and appears to have been derived by partial melting of a basic crust. Younger granodiorite is coarse grained to often porphyritic with higher concentration of K, Ni, Cr and V. Its field relationship with tonalite suggests a different late stage intrusive mode of origin.
On the Workings of Some Crabs on the Sandy Beach of Western Sundarban, Bengal Delta, India
Authors: Baksi Subhendu Kumar , Ray Tapan Kumar , De Chirananda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present study includes the nature of burrowing and grazing activities of different types of Crabs on the beach floor of a part of shore line delta complex of Western Sundarbans, West Bengal, India (Fig. 1) along with their geological significance. Two species of the crab Ocypoda are seen forming contrasting burrows, pellets and grazing marks. One crab species with its products of burrowing activities significantly reflects microenvironment in its spatial extent with respect to the shoreline region. Such features might enable us to determine the orientation of shoreline and the basin marginal configuration of the past. Two species of the hermit crab Diogenes are located on the wave washed part of the foreshore and they form contrasting trails of grazing marks from which the orientation of the shoreline, foreshore slope and outer extremities of foreshore may be confidently indicated.
Geomorphological and Sedimentological Study of a Part of the Lower Ganga Basin, District Begusarai, Bihar
Authors: Sinha S. N. , Dayal N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present day geomorphological features of the area have been evolved through the combined influence of neotectonism and interfluvial processes of the rivers Burhi Gandak, Baghmati, Bainti and Balan. The various geomorphological units have been classified into three major groups: (i) levees, (ii) stream channels and (iii) flood plains. A review of the borehole data and the size analysis of sediments from different geomorphic facies suggests that sedimentation in the eastern part is exclusively fluviatile, whereas the western portion has also experienced a lacustrine environment in the later part of its geological history.
Sedimentology of Limestones in Niniyur Formation, Paleocene, Cauvery Basin, South India
Authors: Madhavan Nair K. , Vijayam B. E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Niniyur Formation, composed essentially of limestones, of Paleocene age, is exposed along a narrow stretch in the Ariyalur outcrop area. The maximum exposed thickness of 15 m constitutes but a part of the Formation, the rest being concealed by the Cuddalore Sandstone. Three shallow boreholes ENE of Sendurai and 2 stratigraphic information wells in Tanjore area indicate that the Formation extends subsurface over a large area.
Exposed sections show sandy and clayey limestone of wackestone texture, deposited in shelf lagoon environments. But eastward in the subsurface, the formation becomes pure limestone (algal lime boundstone-packstone-grainstone) deposited in algal banks. In the Tanjore area the formation is composed of foraminiferal and algal lime packstone-wackestone, probably deposited in quiet to slightly agitated inner to middle shelf environments. In the deeper parts of the basin, under favourable conditions of tectonics and clastics dispersal, transgressive carbonates of similar age and lithology could be expected.
Evidences of Multiple Deformations Near Amaidegri in the Western Part of the Gangpur Group
Authors: Chaudhuri A. K. , Pal A. B. , Roy A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Three phases of folding have been detected in a large exposure along the Sapai lladi near Amaidegri (22°01': 84°08') in the Ghoriajhor manganese belt in the western part of the Gangpur Group. Reclined to inclined folds (F1) plunging SSE have been coaxially refolded by open upright F2 folds, and finally, upright folds with ENE-trending axial planes (F3) cause culmination and depression of axes of open-folded reclined folds. The multiple deformations cause characteristic outcrop patterns and they are reflected in two distinct S-pole girdles around a plane of symmetry which is the axial trend of F3 folds.
The Uppalapadu Alkaline Pluton, Prakasam District Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Leelanandam C. , Krishna Reddy K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Uppalapadu alkaline pluton is predominantly composed of hypersolvus nepheline syenites containing biotite as the sole ferromagnesian mineral. Hornblendesyenites and orthopyroxene-bearing hornblende-syenites are the associated rock types. The pluton is enveloped by a variety of rock types such as amphibolites, gabbros, and granitic rocks.
Uranium Distribution in Siwalik Vertebrates using Fission Track Technique
Authors: Sharma Kewal K. , Chousey Vinay M. , Sharma O. P. , Nagpaul K. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Uranium distribution in Vertebrate Fossils from the Siwaliks of NW-Himalaya has been worked out using Fission Track Method. Uranium is found to be uniformly distributed in collophane and ferruginous material of the bone and a sympathetic relationship between uranium and collophane content has been observed. Percolating waters which leached uranium and phosphorus from the granitic matrix (80 to 90%) of the Siwalik sandstones appear to have brought about diagenesis, uranium mineralization and fossilisation of the organic remains in the Siwalik sediments.
Cenozoic Marine Sediments of Long Island, Andaman Sea
Authors: Srinivasan M. S. , Dave Alok 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper briefly describes the sequence of Cenozoic marine sediments that occur on Long Island, Middle Andaman, northeastern Indian Ocean. The stratigraphic sequence recognized is based mainly on the study of smaller foraminifera from measured sections in the western, and eastern parts of the island. The occurrence of Neogene strata on Long Island has been known for some time but until now Paleogene rocks have not been reported from Long Island or any of the other islands east of the main Andaman ridge. The Paleogene strata represented by the Conglomerate and Grit Formation (Port Blair Series) occur only in the northern part of the island, forming the basement upon which the Neogene sediments were deposited. The Neogene strata of Long Island are represented by Inglis Formation (Early Miocene), Long Formation (Late Miocene) and Guitar Formation (Pliocene). The Long Formation yielded rich foraminiferal assemblages, while the recovery from the other two formations was poor.
The Narmada-Son Lineament and the Structure of the Narmada Rift System
Authors: Murty T. V. V. G. R. K. , Mishra Sharad K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Geological, geomorphological, geophysical, petrological and mineralisation evidences have been presented to show that the Narmada-Son line is a line of dislocation from Precambrian to Recent times. Maps have been drawn on the basis of available evidence showing the location of the faults. It has also been shown that the Narmada fault system is interconnected with the Tapti and Purna fault systems. The main faults in the system are east northeast-west southwest traversed by a large number of generally north-south trending cross faults. At places the continuity of the ENE-WSW trending main faults is obscure.