bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic posterior cricoid reduction: A surgical method to improve posterior glottic diastasis
Authors: de Alarcón Alessandro , Zacharias Stephanie , Oren Liran , de Luzan Charles Farbos , Tabangin Meredith E. , Cohen Aliza P. , Roetting Nicholas J. , Fleck Robert J. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisDescribe the preoperative evaluation of patients with glottic diastasis who are candidates for endoscopic posterior cricoid reduction (EPCR) and their perioperative and postoperative surgical and voice outcomes, and validate the aerodynamic benefit of EPCR using computation fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based modeling from computed tomography (CT) scans.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsThirteen patients who underwent EPCR were followed from 2013 to 2017. They received a preoperative voice evaluation, microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, dynamic voice CT (performed on patients seen from 2014 to study completion), and postoperative voice evaluation (n = 12). Postoperative inpatient days, complications, and postoperative endoscopic intervention were collected. To validate the aerodynamic benefit of EPCR, CFD modeling was carried out on one patient.ResultsThirteen patients (nine females, nine with intubation injury, and four with post–airway reconstruction dysphonia) underwent EPCR at a mean age of 11.0 years. The mean preoperative and postoperative Pediatric Voice handicap Index scores were 53.8 and 33.8, respectively (P = .006). Mean maximum phonation time preoperatively and postoperatively was 5.3 and 6.7, respectively (P = .04). Of eight patients who underwent preoperative CT imaging, all demonstrated a posterior gap. Modeling demonstrated a change in flow and pressure. The mean hospital stay was 2.4 days. Nine patients underwent postoperative endoscopic intervention, and one experienced a complication that resolved with intervention.ConclusionsPatients who underwent EPCR for dysphonia following intubation or airway reconstruction showed improvements in vocal efficiency, loudness, and perceived voice handicapping. Their hospital stay was brief, with few complications. CFD modeling corroborated these clinical findings. EPCR thus warrants consideration in the management of patients with posterior glottic diastasis.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:S1–S9, 2019
Emotions, deliberations, and end‐of‐life products
Authors: Sheng Xiaojing , Simpson Penny M. , Siguaw Judy A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeath is inevitable; yet, not all consumers prepare for death by purchasing end‐of‐life (EOL) products. Using the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the dual‐process model framework, this study aims to examine the role of emotions and cognitions in influencing consumers' decisions to engage in planning for death. A mixed methodology design was used. Study 1, a qualitative study, uncovered positive and negative emotions and deliberative reasoning that comprise consumers' EOL purchase decision process. Study 2, a quantitative study, confirmed that emotions and deliberations independently and jointly influenced consumers' EOL attitude and behavior and that emotions affected deliberations for both prepaid funerals and wills. Subjective norms outperformed attitude in predicting both products' purchase behavior. These finding supported the dual‐process model of behavior and the TRA in the EOL research context and contributed to the EOL literature by investigating the effects of emotions and deliberations concurrently; thus validating the important role of emotions in influencing EOL planning and purchase. In light of our findings, marketers could, after due cognizance of the morbidity and sensitivity of the topic, develop actionable promotional and segmentation strategies for EOL products and other emotion‐laden, unsought products and service.
Epimagnolin targeting on an active pocket of mammalian target of rapamycin suppressed cell transformation and colony growth of lung cancer cells
Authors: Yoo Sun‐Mi , Lee Cheol‐Jung , Kang Han Chang , Lee Hye Suk , Lee Joo Young , Kim Kwang Dong , Kim Dae Joon , An Hyun‐Jung , Cho Yong‐Yeon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and cancer cell proliferation in diverse human cancers. In this study, we observed that epimagnolin, a natural compound abundantly found in Shin‐Yi, suppressed cell proliferation by inhibition of epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐induced G1/S cell‐cycle phase transition in JB6 Cl41 cells. Interestingly, epimagnolin suppressed EGF‐induced Akt phosphorylation strongly at Ser473 and weakly at Thr308 without alteration of phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK kinases (MEKs), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERKs), and RSK1, resulting in abrogation of the phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 and p70S6K at Thr389. Moreover, we found that epimagnolin suppressed c‐Jun phosphorylation at Ser63/73, resulting in the inhibition of activator protein 1 (AP‐1) transactivation activity. Computational docking indicated that epimagnolin targeted an active pocket of the mTOR kinase domain by forming three hydrogen bonds and three hydrophobic interactions. The prediction was confirmed by using in vitro kinase and adenosine triphosphate‐bead competition assays. The inhibition of mTOR kinase activity resulted in the suppression of anchorage‐independent cell transformation. Importantly, epimagnolin efficiently suppressed cell proliferation and anchorage‐independent colony growth of H1650 rather than H460 lung cancer cells with dependency of total and phosphorylated protein levels of mTOR and Akt. Inhibitory signaling of epimagnolin on cell proliferation of lung cancer cells was observed mainly in mTOR‐Akt‐p70S6K and mTOR‐Akt‐GSK3β‐AP‐1, which was similar to that shown in JB6 Cl41 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that epimagnolin potentiates as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents by direct active pocket targeting of mTOR kinase, resulting in sensitizing cancer cells harboring enhanced phosphorylation of the mTORC2‐Akt‐p70S6k signaling pathway.
IRS1‐ rs10498210 G/A and CCR5‐59029 A/G polymorphisms in patients with type 2 diabetes in Kurdistan
Authors: Keshavarzi Fatemeh , Golsheh Shadi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a critical factor in the signaling pathway for insulin, and mutations in this gene have been reported, which contribute to the ability to develop type 2 diabetes. The polymorphisms in the promoter region of C‐C motif chemokine receptor5 (CCR5) are also being studied as candidates for susceptibility to develop type 2 diabetes. The aim of the current study was to determine the relationship between IRS1 and CCR5 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in the Kurdistan population.MethodsGenomic DNA was isolated from the blood by salt extraction method and the polymorphisms were examined using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method.ResultsThe results of current study indicated that the frequency of AA genotype in type 2 diabetic patients in both CCR5 (OR = 2.9, p = 0.04) and IRS1 (OR = 3.3, p = 0.036) were significantly more than controls.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, the presence of AA genotype in both CCR5 and IRS1 is associated with type 2 diabetes. There was no significant association between AG or GG genotypes with type 2 diabetes.
Assessing the Role of 98 Established Loci for BMI in American Indians
Authors: Muller Yunhua L. , Hanson Robert L. , Piaggi Paolo , Chen Peng , Wiessner Gregory , Okani Chidinma , Skelton Graham , Kobes Sayuko , Hsueh Wen‐Chi , Knowler William C. , Bogardus Clifton , Baier Leslie J. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveMeta‐analyses of genome‐wide association studies in Europeans have identified > 98 loci for BMI. Transferability of these established associations in Pima Indians was analyzed.MethodsAmong 98 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 82 had minor allele frequency ≥ 0.01 in Pima Indians and were analyzed for association with the maximum BMI in adulthood (n = 3,491) and BMIzscore in childhood (n = 1,958). Common tag SNPs across 98 loci were also analyzed for additional signals.ResultsAmong the lead SNPs, 13 (TMEM18,TCF7L2,MRPS33P4,PRKD1,ZFP64,FTO,TAL1,CALCR,GNPDA2,CREB1,LMX1B,ADCY9,NLRC3) were associated with BMI (P  ≤ 0.05) in Pima adults. A multi‐allelic genetic risk score (GRS), which summed the risk alleles for 82 lead SNPs, showed a significant trend for a positive relationship between GRS and BMI in adulthood (beta = 0.48% per risk allele;P = 1.6 × 10−9) and BMIzscore in childhood (beta = 0.024 SD;P = 1.7 × 10−7). GRS was significantly associated with BMI across all age groups ≥ 5 years, except for those ≥ 50 years. The strongest association was seen in adolescence (age 14‐16 years;P = 1.84 × 10−9).ConclusionsIn aggregate, European‐derived lead SNPs had a notable effect on BMI in Pima Indians. Polygenic obesity in this population manifests strongly in childhood and adolescence and persists throughout much of adult life.
Measurement of 18O18O and 17O18O in atmospheric O2 using the 253 Ultra mass spectrometer and applications to stratospheric and tropospheric air samples
Authors: Laskar Amzad H. , Peethambaran Rahul , Adnew Getachew A. , Röckmann Thomas 
Published: March 2019

RationaleThe doubly substituted isotopologues (e.g., 18O18O, 17O18O) in atmospheric O2 are potential tracers for ozone photochemistry and atmospheric temperatures. Their low abundances and isobaric interference are the major analytical challenges. The 253 Ultra high‐resolution stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer is suitable for resolving isobaric interferences.MethodsO2 from air is purified using gas chromatography on a packed column filled with molecular sieve 5 Å and cooled to −78°C. The δ17O, δ18O, Δ17O, Δ35 and Δ36 values are measured on the extracted O2 with the 253 Ultra at medium mass resolution (M/ΔM ~10000) using Faraday detectors for the singly substituted isotopologues and ion counters for the doubly substituted isotopologues.ResultsInterferences from isobars, mainly 35Cl for 17O18O and H35Cl and 36Ar for 18O18O, are sufficiently resolved to enable high‐precision determination of Δ35 and Δ36. The Δ35 and Δ36 values of O2 after photochemical isotope equilibration at −63°C and heating to 850°C agree with the theoretical prediction. The stratospheric Δ35 and Δ36 values are close to isotopic equilibrium at the ambient temperatures. However, the values for tropospheric O2 differ from those expected at equilibrium.ConclusionsThe 253 Ultra allows interference‐free clumped isotope measurements of O2 at medium mass resolution. The Δ35 and Δ36 signatures in atmospheric O2 are mainly governed by O3 photochemistry, temperature and atmospheric transport. Tropospheric O2 is isotopically well mixed and retains a significant stratospheric signature.
Valorization of the Modified Mono Ammonium Phosphate by Cobalt in the Synthesise of 3,4‐Dihydropyrano[c]chromene Derivatives
Authors: El Hallaoui Achraf , Chehab Soukaina , Malek Badr , Zimou Omar , Ghailane Tourya , Boukhris Said , Souizi Abdelaziz , Ghailane Rachida 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis work presents a simple process for the preparation of Cobalt Orthophosphate (Co3(PO4)2), by modifying phosphate fertilizer mono‐ammonium phosphate (MAP) by cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2). Co3(PO4)2 has been characterised using microscopic and spectroscopic methods namely X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is the first time that Co3(PO4)2 is used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the condensation between an aryl aldehyde, 4‐hydroxycoumarin and malononitrile. The results show that Co3(PO4)2 is an effective catalyst for one‐pot synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrano [3, 2‐c] chromene. The optimisation of each reaction parameter allows achieving excellent results in terms of time and yield. The application of Co3(PO4)2 as catalyst in the 3, 4‐dihydropyrano [3, 2‐c] chromene derivatives synthesis offers certain advantages such as shorter reaction time, simple treatment, furthermore, the catalyst possesses a great capacity for reutilization and therefore its application contributes to the development of green chemistry.
A Pyrene‐Based Turn‐On Fluorescence Probe for CN− Detection and Its Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Chao Jianbin , Xu Miao , Liu Yaoming , Zhang Yongbin , Huo Fangjun , Yin Caixia , Wang Xiaolu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe fluorescent probe 1‐(pyren‐1‐yl)‐3‐(2, 6‐dichlorophenyl)‐acrylketone (probe 1) was synthesized for the detection of cyanide (CN−). The results indicated that CN− significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of probe 1 at 464 nm. The fluorescence intensity showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of CN− in the range of 2.5‐12.5 μM, and the detection limit was 37 nM. Probe 1 exhibited outstanding selectivity toward CN−. Reaction mechanism of CN− nucleophilic addition to probe 1 was supported by DFT and TD‐DFT calculations. In addition, probe 1 had been successfully employed for the imaging of CN− in cells, C. elegans and zebrafishes. Besides, the probe 1 was also successfully applied to detect the concentration of CN− in spiked tap water samples.
Novel Turtle‐Shape Dendrimers Based on a Pyrene Core
Authors: Mangione María I. , Cappellari María V. , Fungo Fernando , Spanevello Rolando A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe design and synthesis of X‐shaped molecules bases on a central pyrene is reported. A Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction was applied to successfully bond the pyrene core through acetylene linkages to electroactive dendrons moieties such as triphenylamine or carbazole. Dendrons were functionalized with bulky alkyl groups to disrupt π‐π stacking interactions and consequently affording soluble dendrimers. These novel π‐conjugated turtle‐shape dendrimers are organic materials with great potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
Stressful work conditions, positive affect, and physical health of middle‐aged couples: A dyadic analysis
Authors: Wickrama Kandauda A.S. , Lee Seonhwa , Klopack Eric T. , Wickrama Thulitha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study investigated actor and partner effects involving middle‐aged husbands' and wives' stressful work conditions (SWCs), positive affect (PA), and health outcomes in a dyadic trajectory context in three steps. First, examination of husbands' and wives' individual trajectories showed significant interindividual variations in SWCs and PA over time. Second, a dyadic growth curve model incorporating both husbands' and wives' growth curves of SWCs and PA showed that husbands' and wives' trajectories of SWCs over their early middle years (1991–1994) were negatively associated with their own parallel trajectories of PA independent of depressive symptoms trajectories. Finally, most of the growth factors of PA trajectories of husbands and wives (1991–1994) predicted their own residual changes in physical illness and overall physical health in 2001. In dyadic models, although contemporaneous correlations between most of the study constructs between husbands and wives were significant, all partner effects involving growth parameters of SWCs, PA, and health outcomes were not significant. Most of the indirect effects from SWCs growth factors to health outcomes through PA were significant. The findings suggested that PA was an important health resource for middle‐aged husbands and wives that mediates the influence of one's SWCs on own physical health outcomes.
Inkjet‐Printed High‐Efficiency Multilayer QLEDs Based on a Novel Crosslinkable Small‐Molecule Hole Transport Material
Authors: Xie Liming , Xiong Xueying , Chang Qiaowen , Chen Xiaolian , Wei Changting , Li Xia , Zhang Meng , Su Wenming , Cui Zheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuantum dots light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted much interest owing to their compatibility with low‐cost inkjet printing technology and potential for use in large‐area full‐color pixelated display. However, it is challenging to fabricate high efficiency inkjet‐printed QLEDs because of the coffee ring effects and inferior resistance to solvents from the underlying polymer film during the inkjet printing process. In this study, a novel crosslinkable hole transport material, 4,4′‐bis(3‐vinyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (CBP‐V) which is small‐molecule based, is synthesized and investigated for inkjet printing of QLEDs. The resulting CBP‐V film after thermal curing exhibits excellent solvent resistance properties without any initiators. An added advantage is that the crosslinked CBP‐V film has a sufficiently low highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (≈−6.2 eV), high film compactness, and high hole mobility, which can thus promote the hole injection into quantum dots (QDs) and improve the charge carrier balance within the QD emitting layers. A red QLED is successfully fabricated by inkjet printing a CBP‐V and QDs bilayer. Maximum external quantum efficiency of 11.6% is achieved, which is 92% of a reference spin‐coated QLED (12.6%). This is the first report of such high‐efficiency inkjet‐printed multilayer QLEDs and demonstrates a unique and effective approach to inkjet printing fabrication of high‐performance QLEDs.
Improving supply chain management process using design structure matrix based cross‐functional analysis
Authors: Son Samuel , Kim Junhong , Lee Jangwon , Ahn Jaemyung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces a process improvement study for a supply chain management (SCM) system of an aircraft manufacturer by using the design structure matrix (DSM). A high‐level model for the overall SCM process has been set up. Information and operation interfacing between critical tasks (CTs) belonging to adjacent steps of the high‐level models are expressed and analyzed using the DSM. The interface values (IVs), which represent the extent of risk exposure of the interfaces, are computed. The IVs associated with DSM cells are used to identify high‐impact cross‐functional areas of the system. The gray areas, which present opportunities for improvements in the system performance, are found after an in‐depth gap analysis of the identified high‐impact areas. Finally, the measures that can address the gaps in the gray areas and improve the system process are developed. The results and insights obtained from a process improvement case study on SCM of the Boeing Company are discussed.
Calcium signals that determine vascular resistance
Authors: Ottolini Matteo , Hong Kwangseok , Sonkusare Swapnil K. 
Published: March 2019

Small arteries in the body control vascular resistance, and therefore, blood pressure and blood flow. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the arterial walls respond to various stimuli by altering the vascular resistance on a moment to moment basis. Smooth muscle cells can directly influence arterial diameter by contracting or relaxing, whereas endothelial cells that line the inner walls of the arteries modulate the contractile state of surrounding smooth muscle cells. Cytosolic calcium is a key driver of endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions. Cytosolic calcium can be increased either by calcium release from intracellular stores through IP3 or ryanodine receptors, or the influx of extracellular calcium through ion channels at the cell membrane. Depending on the cell type, spatial localization, source of a calcium signal, and the calcium‐sensitive target activated, a particular calcium signal can dilate or constrict the arteries. Calcium signals in the vasculature can be classified into several types based on their source, kinetics, and spatial and temporal properties. The calcium signaling mechanisms in smooth muscle and endothelial cells have been extensively studied in the native or freshly isolated cells, therefore, this review is limited to the discussions of studies in native or freshly isolated cells.This article is categorized under:
Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Introduction: Bridging Histories of East and Central Africa
Authors: Castryck Geert , von Oppen Achim , Zöller Katharina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:Regional distinctions such as “East” and “Central” Africa have been constructed, originally very much from an outsiders’ perspective. Different East and Central African historiographies reflect – and reproduce – these distinctions. However, the inhabitants of those spaces never stopped crossing and entangling them. Likewise, this section approaches East and Central Africa empirically as a space of historical entanglement. Moreover, the authors question the traditional divide between both regions epistemologically, by transferring research perspectives from one region’s historiography to the other. They thus illustrate that bridging histories of East and Central Africa can reveal histories that would otherwise remain hidden or marginal.
Motion of an oil droplet through a capillary with charged surfaces
Authors: Grassia P. 
Published: March 2019

A model developed by Wilmottet al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 841, 2018, pp. 310–350) for the advance of a charged oil droplet along a charged capillary pore is considered. The oil droplet is surrounded by an aqueous phase filling the pore, and the model considers a uniformly curved capillary static droplet front plus an aqueous thin film separating the body of the oil droplet from the capillary wall, with these two regions being joined by a transition region. The methodology follows a classical asymptotic approach proposed by Bretherton (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 10, 1961, pp. 166–188) but incorporates additional electro-osmotic effects (specifically an electro-osmotic disjoining tension) due to the charged surfaces. A number of dimensionless parameters control the model’s behaviour, of which the most important is denoted$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}^{\prime }$and represents the ratio between the ‘nominal’ thickness of the aqueous film (as determined neglecting any electrostatic effects) and the Debye length within the film, which is sensitive to ion concentrations and hence to salinity. When$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}^{\prime }$is large, electro-osmotic effects are screened and Bretherton’s classical results are recovered. However as$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}^{\prime }$decreases, electro-osmotic effects come into play and the film becomes much thicker than Bretherton’s prediction to ensure that screening effects are not altogether lost, and also there is a noticeable increase in the pressure needed to drive the droplet front along. These results apply with minor variations in the case of singly charged surfaces (charge on either oil or on the capillary wall), oil and wall surfaces with like charges, or oil and wall surfaces with opposite but unequal charges. However in the case of opposite and equal charges, the system’s behaviour changes dramatically. There is now a conjoining electro-osmotic pressure rather than a disjoining tension, the film becomes thinner than the analogous Bretherton film, and the pressure needed to drive the droplet front along decreases. Surprisingly in this case, for sufficiently small$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}^{\prime }$, the work done by the conjoining pressure can exceed the work done against viscous dissipation, meaning the pressure required to drive the droplet front is not just smaller than in Bretherton’s predictions but also slightly less than would be estimated based on capillary forces alone. Although the main effect of reducing salinity is to increase Debye length and hence reduce$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}^{\prime }$, salinity also affects surface charges. A situation is explored whereby reducing salinity affects charges, producing a switch from disjoining tensions to conjoining pressures and back again: this leads to a non-monotonic response in film thickness and pressure required to drive the droplet front along.