bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐occurrence of pederin‐producing and Wolbachia endobacteria in Paederus fuscipes Curtis, 1840 (Coleoptera: Staphilinidae) and its evolutionary consequences
Authors: Maleki‐Ravasan Naseh , Akhavan Niloofar , Raz Abbasali , Jafari Mahmood , Zakeri Sedigheh , Dinparast Djadid Navid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe dual occurrence of Pseudomonas‐like and Wolbachia endobacteria has not been investigated in the Pederus beetles yet. We investigated pederin‐producing bacteria (PPB) infection in Paederus fuscipes specimens from the southern margins of the Caspian Sea by designed genus‐specific (OprF) and species‐specific (16S rRNA) primers. Wolbachia infection was studied through a nested‐PCR assay of Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene. Of the 125 analyzed beetles, 42 females (82.35%) and 15 males (20.27%) were positive to PPB infection; this is the first study reporting male P. fuscipes infection to PPB. Wolbachia infection was found in 45 female (88.23%) and 50 male (67.57%) analyzed beetles. Surprisingly, a number of 36 females (70.59%) and 13 males (17.57%) were found to be infected with both PPB and Wolbachia endosymbionts. In general, population infection rates to PPB and Wolbachia were determined to be 45.6% and 76%, respectively. The infection rates of female beetles to PPB and PPB‐Wolbachia were significantly higher than males. In Paederus species, only female beetles shelter PPB and the discovery of this bacterium in adult males may reflect their cannibalistic behavior on the contaminated stages. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences of OprF gene were unique among Pseudomonas spp.; however, sequences of 16S rRNA gene were related to the PPB of Pederus species. The co‐occurrence and random distribution of these endobacteria may imply putative tripartite interactions among PPB, Wolbachia, and Paederus. In order to elucidate these possible tripartite interactions, further studies are required even at gender level.
A clinical multi‐center registry study on digital nerve repair using a biodegradable nerve conduit of PGA with external and internal collagen scaffolding
Authors: Kusuhara Hirohisa , Hirase Yuichi , Isogai Noritaka , Sueyoshi Yu 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundIn this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of a biodegradable nerve conduit constructed of polyglycolic acid (PGA) tube with external and internal collagen scaffolding for digital nerve repair.Patients and methodsA multi‐center registry study was conducted in 11 locations between July 2013 and May 2016. Multiple mechanisms of injury included clean‐cut (12 patients), crush (5 patients), and avulsion (3 patients) types of injuries. These patients underwent nerve repair with a biodegradable nerve conduit, with 9 patients having a primary repair and 11 patients having delayed repair. Average nerve gap was 16.7 mm (range: 1–50 mm). An average of 13 months follow‐up (range: 12–15 months) was available including sensory assessments.ResultsImproved s2PD was found with less severe injury as in clean‐cut (7.5 ± 1.5 mm), which was statistically significant in comparison to those in crush (9.8 ± 1.9 mm, P = .0384) and in avulsion (10.7 ± 4.7 mm, P = .0013) type injuries. A meaningful recovery (S3+ or S4) was observed in 90% of the 20 digital nerve repairs with a biodegradable nerve conduit of PGA with external and internal collagen scaffolding. Avulsion injuries had significantly lower levels of meaningful recovery (67%) in comparison to those of clean‐cut (P = .0291) and crush (P = .0486) types of injury. No adverse effects were reported postoperatively.ConclusionThese results indicate that a biodegradable nerve conduit of PGA with external and internal collagen scaffolding is suitable for digital nerve repair of short nerve gaps with high levels of sensory recovery as measured by two‐point discrimination.
Mapping water exchange across the blood–brain barrier using 3D diffusion‐prepared arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI
Authors: Shao Xingfeng , Ma Samantha J. , Casey Marlene , D’Orazio Lina , Ringman John M. , Wang Danny J.J. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo present a novel MR pulse sequence and modeling algorithm to quantify the water exchange rate (kw) across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) without contrast, and to evaluate its clinical utility in a cohort of elderly subjects at risk of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD).MethodsA diffusion preparation module with spoiling of non–Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill signals was integrated with pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) and 3D gradient and spin echo (GRASE) readout. The tissue/capillary fraction of the arterial spin labeling (ASL) signal was separated by appropriate diffusion weighting (b = 50 s/mm2). kw was quantified using a single‐pass approximation (SPA) model with total generalized variation (TGV) regularization. Nineteen elderly subjects were recruited and underwent 2 MRIs to evaluate the reproducibility of the proposed technique. Correlation analysis was performed between kw and vascular risk factors, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, neurocognitive assessments, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH).ResultsThe capillary/tissue fraction of ASL signal can be reliably differentiated with the diffusion weighting of b = 50 s/mm2, given ~100‐fold difference between the (pseudo‐)diffusion coefficients of the 2 compartments. Good reproducibility of kw measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.75) was achieved. Average kw was 105.0 ± 20.6, 109.6 ± 18.9, and 94.1 ± 19.6 min–1 for whole brain, gray and white matter. kw was increased by 28.2%/19.5% in subjects with diabetes/hypercholesterolemia. Significant correlations between kw and vascular risk factors, CDR, executive/memory function, and the Fazekas scale of WMH were observed.ConclusionA diffusion prepared 3D GRASE pCASL sequence with TGV regularized SPA modeling was proposed to measure BBB water permeability noninvasively with good reproducibility. kw may serve as an imaging marker of cerebral SVD and associated cognitive impairment.
Polymeric fibers and microporous films by photo‐crosslinking of triphenylene‐derived liquid crystals
Authors: Hirose Takuji , Xu Zhe , Kikuchi Yuka , Fukushima Masahito , Kawamura Kengo , Kaguchi Yosuke , Kodama Koichi , Yasutake Mikio 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTTwo series of photoreactive discotic liquid crystals consisting of a triphenylene core and six cinnamate units with one (TPC1
n) or two (TPC2
n) n‐alkoxy groups (C
nH2n+1O; n = 10–14), respectively, as peripheral groups are synthesized. Both of them are polymerized into fibers up to 2 mm long by UV irradiation in liquid paraffin in the columnar LC temperature ranges. The fiber structures seem to be preconstructed in liquid paraffin. In addition, TPC2
n are shown to form microporous films up to 15 μm in diameter by simply casting the solutions of some solvents followed by drying for several minutes in air at room temperature. Photoirradiation of the films in the LC temperature range converts them to polymeric ones while preserving the microporous and hexagonally ordered structure. From comparison with TPC1
n and the hydrogenated derivative of TPC2
12, the porous film‐forming property is suggested to result from the combination of the double bond of the cinnamoyl group and the two long alkoxy chains on the phenyl ring. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 605–612
A Naphthalimide‐Based Fluorescent Turn‐On Sensor for the Selective Detection of Diethyl Chlorophosphate
Authors: Du Bin , Zhang Fa‐Heng , Cao Wei , Wang Pu‐Hong , Li Zhi‐Jun , Ding Zhi‐Jun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA naphthalimide derivative, named 4‐(2‐aminophenoxy)‐N‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐naphthalimide (AEN), was synthesized and characterized by NMR and ESI‐MS. The photophysical behaviors of AEN toward diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) were investigated by fluorescence spectrometry. Moreover, the detection mechanism of AEN for DCP was evaluated by 1H, 31P NMR and ESI‐MS spectroscopy. These results show that the fluorescence intensity of AEN significantly increased with the augment of DCP concentration. No obvious interference with the DCP detection was observed in the presence of other common solvents (e. g. tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, n‐hexane, N,N‐dimethylformamide, and isopropanol), phosphorus‐containing reagents (e. g. dimethyl methylphosphonate, and triethyl phosphate), brominated compounds (1‐bromobutane) and chlorinated compounds (e. g. 1,2‐dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride), indicating that AEN possesses satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of DCP.
Luminescence, Dye Degradation and DNA Binding Properties of a Dinuclear Nona‐Coordinated Y(III) Complex
Authors: Pathak Sayantan , Ghosh Mithun K. , Ghorai Tanmay K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, a dinuclear nona‐coordinated acetate bridged [Y2(μ3‐CH3COO)2(CH3COO)4(OH)4]. 4H2O (1) complex was synthesized and its luminescence, dye degradation and DNA binding properties were evaluated. The complex 1 belonged to triclinic crystal system with P‐1 space group and the structure consisted of [YIII2(μ3‐OR)2(μ‐OR)4(OH)4] asymmetric “butterfly” units, where R is the rest of a CH3CO2 group linked together in the form of a loop by alternating anti, anti (μ3‐O2CMe)2 and (μ‐O2CMe)2 units attached with the Y wingtip atoms. Interestingly, the co‐ordination number of each Y atom was nine in crystal 1, which was unprecedented and the oxidation states of both the Y atoms were +3 and confirmed by BVS calculation. The inter‐ and intra‐molecular H‐bonding in the molecule gave rise to a layer type of structure. The luminescence property of the Complex 1 reveals that the emission band arises at 279 nm which indicates the Complex 1 had efficient luminescence activity. The Complex 1 exhibited an exciting performance towards degradation of a model pollutant methylene blue and also showed good DNA‐ binding ability.
Synergetic Effect of Iron‐Doped Acidic Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Synthesis of Diverse Substituted Five‐Membered Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Mozaffari Mozhdeh , Aboonajmi Jasem , Doroodmand Mohammad Mahdi , Shiri Pezhman , Aberi Mahdi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIron‐doped acidic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (Fe@acidic‐MWCNs) were synthesized using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process in the presence of acetylene and ferrocene as the sources of carbon and iron nanoparticles, respectively. The Fe@acidic‐MWCNs was fully characterized by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman, and FT‐IR analysis. In continuation, the synergetic effect of iron nanoparticles and acidic groups of the Fe@acidic‐MWCNs was studied through the synthesis of substituted five‐membered heterocyclic compounds including 2‐substituted benzimidazoles, 2‐substituted benzothiazoles, 2‐substituted benzoxazoles, and 1‐substituted tetrazoles. Moreover, the 2‐substituted benzimidazoles were investigated by two different methods. In general, Fe@acidic‐MWCNs catalyst showed good to excellent catalytic activity. Finally, the Fe@acidic‐MWCNs catalyst displayed a high reusability and stability in the synthesis of 3 a, 5 a, 7 a, 9 a, and 11 a.
Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Some New Heterocyclic Schiff Bases
Authors: Arif Rizwan , Amaduddin  , Ahmed Sarfraz , Ahmed Saami , Abid Mohammad , Rahisuddin  
Published: December 2018

Abstract2‐Hydroxy‐naphthaldehyde based heterocyclic Schiff base derivatives (1 a‐1 h) were prepared and characterized by multi‐spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Antibacterial activity of all the compounds was tested against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bacterial strains. The antifungal potential of the synthesized compounds was also tested against three Candida strains (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis). In the antibacterial activity, the compounds showed high MIC values and thus found less potent against all the tested bacterial strains. Interestingly, compounds 1 b and 1 c exhibited significant activity with MIC 125 μg/ml against all the tested fungal strains. Hemolytic assay against human RBCs revealed that compounds 1 b and 1 c showed less toxicity than the standard drug fluconazole at each tested concentration (25‐1000 μg/ml). In growth kinetics studies, compounds 1 b and 1 c significantly inhibited the growth of Candida cells at 2MIC and MIC concentrations. The interaction ability of lead compounds (1 b and 1 c) with Ct–DNA was carried out by absorption, fluorescence, hydrodynamic, cyclic voltammetery measurements and circular dichroism. Results suggested that compound 1 b and 1 c bind to Ct–DNA via an intercalative mode supported by molecular docking studies. The antioxidant potential of heterocyclic derivatives 1 b and 1 c was estimated by DPPH free radical and hydrogen peroxide assay which confirm that compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity.
First Principles Investigation and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of Conformational Polymorphism of 3‐Chloroisonicotinic Acid
Authors: Yang Fang‐Ling , Wang Rui , Yang Xing , Lu Ka , Yang Xiao‐Shan , Yan Chao‐Xian , Zhou Pan‐Pan , Yang Zhaoyong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe crystallization of 3‐chloroisonicotinic acid (3‐CINA) can lead to three crystal forms (I, II and III), but 3‐CINA in each form has different conformation. The three crystal forms have different lattice energies. The intermolecular interactions in the molecular pairs involving the conformer in each crystal were evaluated, it is found that the sum of these intermolecular interaction energies in each crystal has a linear relationship with the corresponding lattice energy. QTAIM analyses for the intermolecular interactions of molecular pairs correspond to Hirshfeld surface analyses for the crystal form, illustrating that the stability of the crystal is closely associated with the intermolecular interactions involving the conformer in the asymmetric unit of the crystal.
Homo‐ and Cross Coupling of C‐2 Propargyl Substituted Triterpenoic Acids: Synthesis of Novel Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Triterpene 1,3‐Diynes
Authors: Gubaidullin Rinat R. , Khalitova Rezeda R. , Nedopekina Darya A. , Spivak Anna Yu. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA synthesis of the first representatives of symmetrical and unsymmetrical triterpene 1,3‐diynes in which one or two triterpene cores are linked by a diyne spacer at the C‐2 position of ring A is described. The new triterpenoids are prepared by Cu‐ and Pd‐catalyzed acetylenic homo‐ and cross coupling of accessible C‐2 propynyl derivatives of betulinic, ursolic, and oleanolic acids.
Ligand Influence on Structural Properties and Reactivity of Bis(μ‐oxo)dimanganese(III,IV) Species and Comparison of Reactivity with Terminal MnIV‐oxo Complexes
Authors: Lee Yuri , Jackson Timothy A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe ligand influence on structure and reactivity of a pair of bis(μ‐oxo)dimanganese(III,IV) complexes was investigated. The pentadentate N4py and DMMN4py ligands were employed to assemble the [MnIIIMnIV(μ‐O)2(N4py)2]3+ (1) and [MnIIIMnIV(μ‐O)2(DMMN4py)2]3+ (2) species by H2O2 oxidation of the corresponding MnII complexes. The electronic absorption and EPR properties of 1 and 2 are nearly identical. Analysis of the EXAFS region of the Mn K‐edge XAS spectra of 1 and 2 reveals comparable Mn‐ligand and Mn−Mn distances. Molecular structures of 1 and 2 from DFT calculations showed only minor variations in Mn‐ligand bond lengths between these complexes. Despite these structural similarities, a ligand influence was observed on the MnIIIMnIV to MnIIIMnIII reduction potential. Nonetheless, the oxidation of 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol by 1 and 2 proceeded at essentially identical rates. In contrast, reactivity comparison between 2 and the corresponding monomeric MnIV‐oxo species, [MnIV(O)(DMMN4py)]2+, showed that the latter complex is a vastly superior oxidant for O−H bond oxidation, showing a rate enhancement of 105 at parity of substrate and temperature.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Mild C7‐Amination of Indolines with Nitrosobenzenes
Authors: Xiong Dan , Wang Lianhui , Jie Lianghua , Yang Zi , Li Lulin , Cui Xiuling 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA mild and practical Rh(III)‐catalyzed C7–H amination of indolines has been described, which allows the synthesis of a variety of 7‐amino‐substituted indolines with good functional group tolerance and high atom economy. Notably, nitrosobenzenes serve as nitrogen source in this transformation, and therefore behave environmentally friendly for C−N bond constructions.
When and how to shift gears: Dynamic trade‐offs among adjustment, opportunity, and transaction costs in response to an innovation shock
Authors: Bigelow Lyda , Nickerson Jackson A. , Park Woo‐Yong 
Published: December 2018

Research SummaryThis study explores incumbent responses to the architectural innovation shock of index shifting in the bicycle component industry. Incumbents differed by when they imitated and by organization of production—some integrated while others outsourced components—and many of these decisions changed over time, which are not explained by extant theory. This paper develops a theory that predicts timing of imitation and organizational choice for component manufacturing that highlights a dynamic trade‐off among adjustment, opportunity, and transaction costs that explains timing of imitation, organizational structure of component manufacturing, and changes in organizational structure. Empirical analysis finds support for a fundamental trade‐off among these costs in response to an innovation shock.Managerial SummaryAn innovation shock presents managers both an opportunity to reposition and gain advantage against competitors and creates competitive pressure to do so. When and how should firms respond to such shocks? This paper develops a comparative approach to help managers decide when and how to imitate an innovation shock. The paper recommends comparatively assessing adjustment costs, opportunity costs of moving late, and initially outsourcing to imitate quickly even though doing so may be costly and problematic over the long‐run. The paper also predicts when firms should integrate to produce more efficiently. These findings are illustrated through the introduction and adoption of index shifting in the sport bicycling market from 1980 through 1995.
On the edge of degradation: Autophagy regulation by RNA decay
Authors: Delorme‐Axford Elizabeth , Klionsky Daniel J. 
Published: December 2018

Cells must dynamically adapt to altered environmental conditions, particularly during times of stress, to ensure their ability to function effectively and survive. The macroautophagy/autophagy pathway is highly conserved across eukaryotic cells and promotes cell survival during stressful conditions. In general, basal autophagy occurs at a low level to sustain cellular homeostasis and metabolism. However, autophagy is robustly upregulated in response to nutrient deprivation, pathogen infection and increased accumulation of potentially toxic protein aggregates and superfluous organelles. Within the cell, RNA decay maintains quality control to remove aberrant transcripts and regulate appropriate levels of gene expression. Recent evidence has identified components of the cellular mRNA decay machinery as novel regulators of autophagy. Here, we review current findings that demonstrate how autophagy is modulated through RNA decay.This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
The Hybrid Electronic Medical Registry Allows Benchmarking of Quality of Trauma Care: A Five‐Year Temporal Overview of the Trauma Burden at a Major Trauma Centre in South Africa
Authors: Donovan M. M. , Kong V. Y. , Bruce J. L. , Laing G. L. , Bekker W. , Manchev V. , Smith M. , Clarke D. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study is a five‐year follow‐up of previously published review of the trauma workload at our institution. It aims to provide evidence about the quality of trauma care delivered by a major academic trauma service in South Africa to provide a temporal analysis of trauma trends in the city of Pietermaritzburg.Materials and methodsAll trauma patients admitted by the Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service (PMTS) for the period December 2012‐April 2018 were retrieved from the Hybrid Electronic Medical Registry (HEMR) for analysis.ResultsOver the five‐year period, a total of 8722 trauma patients were admitted to Grey’s Hospital. There were 7242 (83.0%) males. The average age was 29.66 years. A total of 1719 (19.7%) patients less than 19 years of age, 377 (4.3%) older than 60 years of age and 1480 (17.0%) female patients were admitted following trauma. Table 3 breaks down the mechanism of trauma. A total of 5027 patients sustained blunt trauma (57.6%), and 3334 (38.5%) sustained penetrating trauma. A total of 4808 patients sustained intentional trauma implying that 55.1% of all trauma was secondary to grievous bodily harm or assault either in the form of a stab wound or GSW or of an assault. There was a total of 2232 road traffic‐related incidents, of which 37.9% (845) were pedestrian victims. The mortality rate for all trauma admissions was 4.5% (396). Of these 396 deaths, 64 (16.2%) were classified at the morbidity and mortality conference as being avoidable.ConclusionsThe HEMR has allowed us to track the burden of trauma presenting to our institution over a five‐year period. This confirms previous studies over shorter time periods from our institution. The pattern of trauma has remained consistent, and the previously described high levels show no sign of decreasing. Interventions to try and reduce this burden are urgently required.
Understanding Disparities in Surgical Outcomes for Medicaid Beneficiaries
Authors: Claflin Jake , Dimick Justin B. , Campbell Darrell A. , Englesbe Michael J. , Sheetz Kyle H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have evaluated whether outcome disparities between Medicaid and private insurance beneficiaries are driven by the hospital at which the patient receives care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hospital on surgical outcomes in Medicaid beneficiaries.MethodsWe identified 139,566 non‐elderly Medicaid and private insurance beneficiaries undergoing general, vascular, or gynecological surgery between 2012 and 2017 using a statewide clinical registry in Michigan. We calculated risk‐adjusted rates of complications, readmissions, emergency department (ED) visits, and post‐acute care utilization using multivariable logistic regression, accounting for patient and procedural factors. We then evaluated whether, and to what extent, the hospital influenced outcome disparities between Medicaid and privately insured beneficiaries.ResultsRisk‐adjusted rates for all outcomes were higher in Medicaid beneficiaries. For example, overall post‐discharge ED visit rates were 14.3% (95% CI 13.7% to 14.9%) for Medicaid compared to 7.5% (95% CI 7.1% to 7.9%, P < 0.01) for private insurance beneficiaries. Hospital factors explained 3.9% of the observed difference in complication rates between Medicaid and private insurance beneficiaries. In contrast, hospital factors explained a greater proportion of the disparities in readmissions (30.6%), ED visits (33.0%), and post‐acute care utilization (16.1%). Results were similar when restricting the study population to elective cases only.ConclusionsHospital factors account for a significant proportion of the disparities in post‐discharge resource utilization between Medicaid and private insurance beneficiaries. Policies aiming to improve the quality and equity of surgical care for Medicaid beneficiaries should focus on the post‐discharge period.