bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing clinical effects of marbofloxacin and gamithromycin in goat kids with pneumonia
Authors: Kacar Yigit , Batmaz Hasan , Yilmaz Ozge E. , Mecitoglu Zafer 
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of a single-dose of gamithromycin (GM) or marbofloxacin (MR) in kids with naturally occurring pneumonia. Thirty-six kids, aged 2–2.5 months, with body weight ranging from 12 kg to 18 kg were presented with clinical signs of pneumonia. The most prominent clinical findings were an increase in the respiratory rate, crackling lung sounds on auscultation, coughing, nasal discharge and an increased rectal temperature. Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma spp. colonies were isolated from microbiological examination of six transtracheal washes and lung tissues of one necropsied kid. The severity of pneumonia was evaluated by using cumulative clinical score (CCS). The CCS of the 36 kids used in the study were four and above. Kids were randomly divided into two equal groups; the GM group received a single subcutaneous dose of GM at a dosage of 6 mg/kg and the MR group received MR intramuscularly at a dosage of 8 mg/kg as a single-dose. No side effects related to the drugs were detected in either group. All 36 kids were clinically examined 3 weeks after the initiation of the treatment. Clinical signs in both groups were almost completely absent at the end of the study. A single administration of GM or MR was successfully used in the treatment of kids with pneumonia.
John Gower, Squire of Kent, the Peasants' Revolt, and the Visio Anglie
Authors: Bennett Michael 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Though the status of John Gower as a squire of Kent is acknowledged, it has been generally assumed that the poet sold the manor of Aldington by Thurnham, his chief holding in Kent, in 1373, moving to Southwark shortly afterwards. This grant, however, was not a sale, but an enfeoffment to uses, through which Gower retained a beneficial interest. Gower's occupation of the property in 1381 is attested by his action to enforce a contract for the rebuilding of his house there. The evidence that he was living at Aldington, close to Maidstone, an epicenter of the Peasants' Revolt, provides a new perspective on his representation of the rising in Vox Clamantis, Book 1 (Visio Anglie). A recognition that the grantees in 1373, including Lord Cobham, were Gower's trusted friends provides a clearer view of his social circle and helps to explain his views of Richard II.
“They weren no thyng ydel”: Noblemen and Their Supporters in Chaucer's Knight's Tale
Authors: Stewart James T. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In Chaucer's Knight's Tale, chivalric heroism depends on a knight's ability to exercise both prowess and lordship. This article analyzes chivalry in Chaucer's romance alongside medieval didactic texts and modern historical discussions of the English nobility to suggest that the medieval imagination considered noble social status, and the personal control of men that status implied, to be an integral aspect of knighthood. As Theseus, Palamon, and Arcite call upon attendants in preparation for combat and prestigious displays, they demonstrate Chaucer's interest in interdependent relationships between noblemen and their supporters. The tale characterizes chivalry as an organizing principle that links men together with bonds of mutual loyalty.
“An irous man”: Anger and Authority in the Summoner's Tale
Authors: Cels Marc B. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The theme of wrath in the Summoner's Tale is revisited in light of the medieval moral tradition disseminated through pastoral commonplaces. Although it was counted among the Deadly Sins, anger was considered virtuous when used for correcting sin. Friar John's discourse on anger and his conversations with other characters in the tale revolve around the relationship of social status to the legitimacy of anger, or zeal for correction. Previous studies have shown that the vicious anger of Friar John undermines the authority of mendicants. Here it is argued that the right ordering of anger by aristocratic characters at the manor hall legitimizes their authority. They practice the virtues opposed to wrath and employ pastoral remedies against John's ire. Finally, Jankyn punishes the friar with his witty and courtly solution to dividing Thomas's fart. Aristocratic authority over other social estates is dramatized at the expense of undermining mendicant and clerical pretenses.
Reading Family in the Rate Manuscript's Saint Eustace and Sir Isumbras
Authors: Matlock Wendy A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A close resemblance between Sir Isumbras and Saint Eustace has long been recognized. Indeed, they appear together in Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Ashmole 61, a miscellaneous manuscript copied sometime around 1500 by a single scribe who signs the name Rate. Rate places the two narratives first and fifth in the Ashmole manuscript, with intervening poems that provide instruction for the community and household. Bringing together four different genres from three different centuries, Rate's initial scribal activity domesticates these aristocratic narratives for a bourgeois audience by highlighting the affective family already visible in both Saint Eustace and Sir Isumbras. This article argues that the first five poems in Ashmole 61 constitute the nuclear family with a strong patriarch as the foundation of Christian society.
Physicians’ electronic health records use at home, job satisfaction, job stress and burnout
Authors: Privitera Michael R. , Atallah Fouad , Dowling Frank , Gomez-DiCesare Caroline , Hengerer Arthur , Arnhart Katie , Young Aaron , Staz Mark 
Published: June 2018

Objective: To determine how electronic health record (EHR) use at home impacts physician job satisfaction, job stress and burnout.Methods: This study looks at survey responses from 1,048 physicians in New York in 2016 to see how time spent on EHRs at home affected physician’s job satisfaction, job stress and burnout.Results: Accounting for demographic and practice values, physicians’ moderately high to excessive time spent on EHRs at home did not significantly affect job satisfaction but did significantly increase their odds of experiencing job stress by 50% and burnout by 46%. However, length and degree of documentation requirements and extension of work life into home by means of e-mail, completion of records and phone calls significantly correlated to decreased job satisfaction and increased job stress and likelihood of burnout.Conclusions: Although technology allows for physicians to work on electronic devices in various locations, healthcare administrators, policy makers and physicians alike should be aware of negative implications of excessive EHR use, documentation completion, e-mails and phone calls at home. Greater attention is needed on the human factors in the delivery of care and the importance of joy in the practice of medicine. Suggestions for organizational interventions are discussed.
Measuring healthcare service quality in a private hospital in a developing country by tools of Victorian patient satisfaction monitor
Authors: Chu Si Dung , Khong Tan Sin 
Published: June 2018

Objective: A survey was conducted for patient satisfaction (PS) in a private hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam using the Tools of Victorian Patient Satisfaction Monitor (VPSM) 2012.Methods: The study obtained feedbacks from patients from December 2013 to Jan 2014. After patients finished their outpatient care at the hospital, they were asked 25 questions following the VPSM. Each question can score from 1-5.Results: In total, 420 patients were interviewed and 396 patients completed the survey. Levels of customer satisfaction about service quality (SQ) were influenced by the VPSM with 6 items (25 score) and Cronbach alpha coefficient’s 0.938, including: (1) Access and Admission, (2) General Patient Information, (3) Treatment and Related Information, (4) Complaints Management, (5) Physical Environment, and (6) Discharge And Follow, with highly Corrected Item-Total Correlation of six constructs of PS (from 0.749 to 0.885). Overall, the level of highly PS in the hospital was explained almost 77.347% what could be achieved. There is no difference in the assessment of the SQ for medical examination under the “Gender” and the “level of education”, but there is a difference in the assessment of the SQ between the “monthly income level” with the model of research.Conclusions: Adjusted research model for the hospital has six constructs of levels of customer satisfaction about SQ is influenced by the VPSM with 6 items (25 score). The VPSM provides feedback on the SQ for medical examination of a private hospital experience from the adult outpatient’s perspective at the developing nation as Vietnam country.
Perception of Farmers on Conservation Agriculture for Climate Change Adaptation in Namibia
Authors: Taapopi M. , Kamwi J. M. , Siyambango N. 
Published: June 2018

Traditional cultivation methods in Namibia are characterised by cultivating the same type of crops persistently on the same piece of land, using a disc or mouldboard plough with minimal to no fertilizer application. This study assessed the knowledge level of farmers' on conservation agriculture and the household factors,which influence farmers to take up conservation agriculture in the Omusati Region of Namibia. Both socioeconomic and biophysical data were collected through household face-to-face interviews from 40 households located in seven constituencies of the Omusati Region. The results showed that technological know-how, limited agricultural inputs and implements for conservation agriculture hindered the uptake of conservation agriculture. In addition, lack of crop residues for mulching purposes and little understanding of the importance of crop rotation were identified as barriers to practice conservation agriculture. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, marital status, education level, crop field size and farming period did not significantly influence the adoption of conservation agriculture. The study indicates that there is a need to encourage the use of climate smart agriculture technologies such as conservation agriculture, which minimizes the negative impacts of dry spells in order to maximize crop production and increase farmers' understanding on the principles of conservation agriculture. Thus, strategies and policies to reduce poverty need to consider local contexts, social norms and values. In this regard, engagement of local farmers and demonstration of the short and long-term benefits of conservation agricultural practices offer promising entry points.
How many fish? Comparison of two underwater visual sampling methods for monitoring fish communities
Authors: Thanopoulou Zoi , Sini Maria , Vatikiotis Konstantinos , Katsoupis Christos , Dimitrakopoulos Panayiotis G. , Katsanevakis Stelios 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundUnderwater visual surveys (UVSs) for monitoring fish communities are preferred over fishing surveys in certain habitats, such as rocky or coral reefs and seagrass beds and are the standard monitoring tool in many cases, especially in protected areas. However, despite their wide application there are potential biases, mainly due to imperfect detectability and the behavioral responses of fish to the observers.MethodsThe performance of two methods of UVSs were compared to test whether they give similar results in terms of fish population density, occupancy, species richness, and community composition. Distance sampling (line transects) and plot sampling (strip transects) were conducted at 31 rocky reef sites in the Aegean Sea (Greece) using SCUBA diving.ResultsLine transects generated significantly higher values of occupancy, species richness, and total fish density compared to strip transects. For most species, density estimates differed significantly between the two sampling methods. For secretive species and species avoiding the observers, the line transect method yielded higher estimates, as it accounted for imperfect detectability and utilized a larger survey area compared to the strip transect method. On the other hand, large-scale spatial patterns of species composition were similar for both methods.DiscussionOverall, both methods presented a number of advantages and limitations, which should be considered in survey design. Line transects appear to be more suitable for surveying secretive species, while strip transects should be preferred at high fish densities and for species of high mobility.
Preparation of Aryl Alkyl Ketenes
Authors: Staudaher Nicholas D. , Lovelace Joseph , Johnson Michael P. , Louie* Janis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThree procedures yielding4‐methyl‐2‐(p‐tolyl)pentanoic acidas a white solid,4‐methyl‐2‐(p‐tolyl)pentanoyl chlorideas a colorlesss liquid, and4‐methyl‐2‐(p‐tolyl)pent‐1‐en‐1‐oneas a yellow liquid are presented. Following are notes on instruments and chemicals used and required in each procedure. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the general concepts regarding preparation of ketenes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed External‐CO‐Free Reductive Carbonylation of Bromoarenes
Authors: Konishi Hideyuki , Fukuda Masataka , Ueda Tsuyoshi , Manabe* Kei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA procedure that yields4‐phenylbenzaldehydeas a white solid is presented. Column chromatography is performed to purify the obtained residue. Following the procedure are notes on the instruments and chemicals used and required. The chapter concludes with a discussion on formylation using carbon monoxide (CO).
Synthesis of Allenyl Mesylate by a
J
ohnson‐
C
laisen Rearrangement. Preparation of 3‐(((
tert
‐Butyldiphenyl‐silyl)oxy)methyl)penta‐3,4‐dien‐1‐yl Methanesulfonate
Authors: Burchick Joseph E. , Wells Sarah M. , Brummond* Kay M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Procedures yielding
4‐((tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)but‐2‐yn‐1‐ol
(
1
) as a clear, pale yellow oil, e
thyl 3‐(((tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)penta‐3,4‐dienoate
(
2
) as a pale yellow oil, and
3‐(((tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)penta‐3,4‐dien‐1‐yl methanesulf‐onate
(
3
) as a clear yellow oil are presented. The chapter concludes with a discussion on allenes, allenyl precursors in intramolecular cycloaddition reactions, and Johnson–Claisen rearrangement, reduction, and functional group transformation.
Dirhodium (II) Tetrakis[N‐4‐Bromo‐1,8‐Naphthoyl‐(S)‐tert‐Leucinate]
Authors: Lebel* Hélène , Piras Henri , Bartholoméüs Johan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProcedures yieldingN‐4‐bromo‐1,8‐naphtaloyl‐(S)‐tert‐leucine, [(S)‐4‐Br‐nttl] (1)as a pale yellow solid anddirhodium (II) tetrakis[N‐4‐bromo‐1,8‐naphthoyl‐(S)‐tert‐leucinate] [Rh2{(S)‐4‐Br‐nttl}4] (2)as a pale green powder are presented. Following the procedure are notes on the instruments and chemicals used and required. The chapter concludes with a discussion on rhodium(II) carboxylate dimers as catalysts.
N

‐Methoxy‐

N

‐Methylcyanoformamide
Authors: Nugent Jeremy , Schwartz* Brett D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Procedures yielding
N
‐methoxy‐
N
‐methyl‐1
H
‐imidazole‐1‐carboxamide (
1
) as a lemon‐gold‐colored oil and
N
‐methoxy‐
N
‐methylcyanoformamide
2
as a pale‐yellow, clear, free‐flowing oil are presented. Both can be used without further purification. Following the procedures are notes on the instruments and chemicals used and required. The chapter concludes with a discussion on cyanoformate as a preferred reagent.
Asymmetric
M
ichael Reaction of Aldehydes and Nitroalkenes
Authors: Hayashi* Yujiro , Ogasawara Shin , Ueda Yasuyuki , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

A procedure yielding alcohol
2
as a yellow oil is presented. The main paraphernalia used is a three‐necked round‐bottomed flask equipped with an egg‐shaped, Teflon‐coated, magnetic stir bar, an internal thermometer, a two‐way stopcock with a hose, and a three‐way stopcock connected to a nitrogen inlet hose. A brief summary of asymmetric Michael reaction of aldehydes and nitroalkenes concludes the chapter.
Preparation of

anti

‐1,3‐Amino Alcohol Derivatives through an Asymmetric Aldol‐Tishchenko Reaction of Sulfinimines
Authors: Mackey Pamela , Cano Rafael , Foley Vera M. , McGlacken* Gerard P. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Procedures yielding (
S
)‐2‐Methyl‐
N
‐(1‐phenylethylidene)propane‐2‐sulfinamide
3
as two fractions of a yellow solid and (1
S
,3
S
)‐1‐(((
S
)‐
tert
‐butylsulfinyl)amino)‐4‐methyl‐1‐phenylpentan‐3‐yl isobutyrate as a pale yellow oil are presented. A discussion on 1,3‐aminoalcohols as useful synthetic intermediates and building blocks concludes the chapter.
Preparation of Sodium Heptadecyl Sulfate(Tergitol‐7i)
Authors: Banasik* Brent A. , Samadpour Mansour 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA procedure yielding sodium heptadecyl sulfate (Tergitol‐7i) (2) as a pure, fine, off‐white powder upon pulverization is presented. Notes on instruments and chemicals required are provided. The chapter concludes with a discussion on sodium heptadecyl sulfate as an important surfactant for selective inhibition of Gram‐positive bacteria and enumeration of coliforms in food and water samples.
Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Diethyl Phosphite to
N
‐Thiophosphinoyl Ketimines: Preparation of (
R
)‐Diethyl (1‐Amino‐1‐phenylethyl)phosphonate
Authors: Lin Shaoquan , Otsuka Yasunari , Yin Liang , Kumagai* Naoya , Shibasaki* Masakatsu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Procedures yielding phosphinothioic amide
2
and ketimine
4
as colorless crystals and phosphonate
6
as a brown viscous oil are presented. Notes on instruments and chemicals required are provided.A brief discussion on construction of tetrasubstituted stereogenic centers in a catalytic and enantioselective manner as a significant progress in asymmetric catalysis.
Synthesis of Methyltrans‐Oxazolidine‐5‐Carboxylate, A Chiral Synthon forthreo‐β‐Amino‐α‐Hydroxy Acid
Authors: Seo Youngran , Yoo Jae Won , Lee Yoonjae , Lee Boram , Kim Bonghyun , Kim* Young Gyu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProcedures yieldingphenylsulfonylnitromethane as white powder and 3‐tert‐butyl 5‐methyl (4S,5R)‐4‐benzyloxazolidine‐3,5‐dicarboxylateas pure product are presented. A single‐necked, round‐bottomed flask equipped with a Teflon‐coated, oval magnetic stir bar is primarily used. Notes on the paraphernalia and chemicals to be used during each procedures are provided. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on stereoselective syntheses of vicinal amino hydroxy acids.
Alzheimer's genetic risk is reduced in primary age‐related tauopathy: a potential model of resistance?
Authors: McMillan Corey T. , Lee Edward B. , Jefferson‐George Kyra , Naj Adam , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Wolk David A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveNearly all adults >50 years of age have evidence for neurofibrillary tau tangles (NFTs) and a significant proportion of individuals additionally develop amyloid plaques (Aβ) consistent with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In an effort to identify the independent genetic risk factors for NFTs and Aβ, we investigated genotypic frequencies of AD susceptibility loci between autopsy‐confirmed AD and primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), a neuropathological condition defined by characteristic neurofibrillary tau tangles (NFTs) with minimal or absent Aβ.MethodsGeneral linear models assessed the odds of AD (N = 1190) relative to PART (N = 376) neuropathologically confirmed cases from two independent series: the Penn Brain Bank (PENN; AD N = 312; PART N = 65) and National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC; AD N = 878; PART N = 311). We also evaluated the odds of Braak stage NFT burden.ResultsThree genotypes significantly associated with reduced AD risk relative to PART in the PENN (N = 377) and NACC (N = 1189) cohorts including APOE ε4, APOE ε2, and rs6656401 in the CR1 gene. The genotypes rs6733839 in the BIN1 gene and rs28834970 in the PTK2B gene approached significance in the PENN cohort and were significantly associated with reduced AD risk in the NACC cohort. In a combined cohort analysis (N = 1566), APOE ε4 dosage was highly associated with higher Braak stage of NFT burden in Probable PART and AD, but not Definite PART.InterpretationThe presence of genotypic differences between PART and AD suggest that PART can provide a genetic model of NFT risk and potential Aβ resistance to inform disease‐modifying therapies.
Towards Cellular Sieving: Exploring the Limits of Scaffold Accessibility for Cell Type Specific Invasion
Authors: Ashworth Jennifer C. , Mehr Marco , Buxton Paul G. , Best Serena M. , Cameron Ruth E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCoordinating the behavior of multiple cell types provides a challenge for the tissue engineer, since response to structure is highly cell type dependent. Here, human primary fibroblast invasion is compared with that of the MC3T3 and HT1080 cell lines to demonstrate proof‐of‐concept that controlled changes in 3D collagen scaffold architecture can modify the invasion response of one cell type, while keeping that of other cells constant. While complete invasion is seen for all three cell types where pore size and percolation diameter are sufficiently high, both primary fibroblasts and MC3T3 require a percolation diameter above roughly 40 µm to permit efficient invasion by day 3. Conversely, substantial HT1080 invasion is observed in all scaffold conditions. By day 7, MC3T3 and fibroblast invasion responses to structure are also distinct, with only MC3T3 inhibited by low percolation diameters. Collagen scaffolds can therefore act as cellular sieves, using structural control to promote the invasion of some cell types, while restricting the movement of others. As well as holding promise for the design of tissue engineering scaffolds for complex applications, this result is highly relevant for the development of in vitro systems for studying in vivo phenomena such as cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Polydopamine Encapsulation of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jung Hak‐Sung , Cho Kyung‐Jin , Seol Yeonee , Takagi Yasuharu , Dittmore Andrew , Roche Paul A. , Neuman Keir C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising bioimaging probes compared with other fluorescent nanomaterials such as quantum dots, dye‐doped nanoparticles, and metallic nanoclusters, due to their remarkable optical properties and excellent biocompatibility. Nevertheless, they are prone to aggregation in physiological salt solutions, and modifying their surface to conjugate biologically active agents remains challenging. Here, inspired by the adhesive protein of marine mussels, encapsulation of FNDs within a polydopamine (PDA) shell is demonstrated. These PDA surfaces are readily modified via Michael addition or Schiff base reactions with molecules presenting thiol or nitrogen derivatives. Modification of PDA shells by thiol terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐SH) molecules to enhance colloidal stability and biocompatibility of FNDs is described. Their use as fluorescent probes for cell imaging is demonstrated; it is found that PEGylated FNDs are taken up by HeLa cells and mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells and exhibit reduced nonspecific membrane adhesion. Furthermore, functionalization with biotin‐PEG‐SH is demonstrated and long‐term high‐resolution single‐molecule fluorescence based tracking measurements of FNDs tethered via streptavidin to individual biotinylated DNA molecules are performed. This robust polydopamine encapsulation and functionalization strategy presents a facile route to develop FNDs as multifunctional labels, drug delivery vehicles, and targeting agents for biomedical applications.