bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validação do instrumento de avaliação do desempenho da atenção primária nas ações de controle da hanseníase (PCAT – hanseníase): versão profissionais
Authors: Moura Lanza Fernanda , Figueiredo Vieira Nayara , De Oliveira Mônica Maria Celestina , Félix Lana Francisco Carlos 
Published: July 2019

Introdução: A hanseníase ainda é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil e os serviços de atenção primária possuem papel primordial na realização das ações de prevenção e controle para redução da carga de doença. Objetivo: construir e validar um instrumento de avaliação do desempenho da atenção primária nas ações de controle da hanseníase na perspectiva dos profissionais médicos e enfermeiros. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico de construção e validação de instrumento. Foram realizadas a validação de face e conteúdo com 15 especialistas, pré-teste do instrumento com 37 profissionais do município de Betim e validação de construto e de confiabilidade, cuja amostra foi composta por 124 enfermeiros e médicos de Almenara, Teófilo Otoni e Governador Valadares. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho a dezembro de 2012. Para a validação de construto, foi utilizada a análise fatorial exploratória. Para a validade, a análise da consistência interna foi realizada utilizando o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e considerou-se um valor de, no mínimo, 0,70. O estudo de confiabilidade teste/reteste foi realizado por meio da reaplicação do instrumento em 10% da amostra, 30 dias após o término da coleta de dados em cada município. Utilizou-se o Teste de Wilcoxon, adotando o valor de p≥0,05. Resultados: A primeira fase do estudo permitiu a exclusão de 86 itens do questionário e não foi possível realizar a validação de construto devido à inadequação da amostra. Optou-se em realizar a análise fatorial para explorar o comportamento dos itens dos atributos e efetuar a exclusão dos itens em espelho à versão do instrumento destinada aos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde que foi validada. O instrumento mostrou medidas de fidedignidade aceitáveis. Conclusão: A utilização do instrumento proposto poderá identificar as fragilidades da atenção primária na atenção à hanseníase segundo a experiência dos profissionais.
An Analysis of Positive Politeness Strategies to Promote Effective Interaction in The Classroom
Authors: Nurmawati Nurmawti , Atmowardoyo Haryanto , Weda Sukardi 
Published: July 2019

In the teaching learning process, a lively and friendly atmosphere in the classroom between teacher and students is the key to promote effective interaction. This study investigates an EFL classroom at the course in the terms of interaction between teacher and students to see how positive politeness strategies used by the teacher and the effect of positive politeness strategies in promoting effective interaction. One class of conversation class at the course was observed and recorded by the researcher. The recording were transcribed and analyzed by making use of related positive politeness strategies and effective interaction. Also, interview was done to get deeper data. The findings showed that positive politeness strategies existed in this class and it has created effective interaction between teacher and students and among the students.
Droit des biotechnologies (janvier 2014-avril 2015)
Authors: Brosset Estelle 
Published: July 2019

Biotechnology Law (january 2014-april 2015).
The year 2013 was characterized by repetitions on GMO authorisation procedure. The year 2014 was clearly different. A major legal transformation was added to repetitions. This year, there is indeed a review of the European legal framework and a new possibility of Member States to restrict or ban GMO cultivation which is logically raised many questions.
Pandangan Tokoh NU Tentang Hadirnya Wali yang Telah Mewakilkan Perwaliannya
Authors: Abidin M. Zaenal , Azizah Nurul 
Published: July 2019

It has become the custom people when they want to marry their children so the guardian represents either to the kiai, ustad, or penghulu on the grounds, the guardian isn’t confident to marry himself because he or she hopes to be barokah from someone who is considered more appropriate to do. After the guardian surrender his guardianship to the deputy, the guardian is usually asked to leave when the contract is executed without apparent reason. The purpose of study is to know how the views of NU Jember figures about the presence of a guardian has represented his guardianship in majlis akad and how the view of Islamic legal opinion about the presence of a guardian has represented his it. The approach method used research is qualitative approach, the data collection technique chosen is interview. The results of research found in addressing of NU jember character different views. Some NU leaders have some opinions that a guardian has represented his or her guardianship may be present in the contracting majlis and hasn’t effect the contract carried out as long as it doesn’t become one of the witnesses of the marriage.
Pandangan Islam Terhadap Pasal Penistaan Agama
Authors: Aziz Abdul 
Published: July 2019

Freedom in certain religions has been guaranteed by law. This freedom should not interfere another people's freedom. To realize this kind of freedom then the law appears to regulate the prohibition of insulting or defamating a particular religion. When the state has provided a provision in the matter of blasphemy, what is about Islam? To find the answer of this question, ought to look at the Qur’an, the Hadith and the opinions of Fuqaha. The conclusion obtained that the article contained in the Criminal Code is in accordance with the doctrine of Islam. Islam always teach moslems to appreciate what other people trust meanwhile when there are people who insult at Islam, such as insulting Allah and Prophet, so must be consequent as murtad and be killed.
Studi Analisis Ijtihad Rasul SAW dalam Kitab Ijtihad Rasul SAW
Authors: Ihwan Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

This research aims to find out the views of the scholars about the ijtihad of the Prophets in the book of Ijtihad al-Rasul SAW by Abdul Jalil Isa and to find out the description of the actions of the Prophet Muhammad which was considered ijtihad. The type of research is used by qualitative research. The data obtained were clarified and analyzed according to the topic of discussion. From the results of the data collection and analysis can be concluded that are: 1) The Preception of the scholars about ijtihad of the Prophets in the book of Ijtihad al-Rasul SAW are divided into three. Firstly, Abu Ali al-Juba'i argued that the Prophet did not carry out jihad, both in legal matters (sharia) and worldly affairs in. Secondly, Ibn Hazm, Ibn Taymiyyah and Kamal al-Hummam argued that the Prophet had jihad, both in the affairs of the Shariah and world affairs in. Thirdly, Qadhi Iyadh and Ibn Khaldun argued that the Prophet did not carry out jihad in the Shari'ah region, the Prophet only had jihad the in area of world affairs. This difference of opinions are based on the third approach in concluding the Prophet's ijtihad; 2) The act of the Prophet Muhammad SAW which was considered ijtihad in the book of Ijtihad al-Rasul SAW was that there were two, namely: The first, the act which turned out to be wrong then by the Shari was straightened out, and secondly, his decision was not followed by his friend.
Transformasi Fikih Munakahat tentang Hukum Menikahi Wanita Ahli Kitab ke dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam Pasal 40 Huruf (C)
Authors: Mujahid Ilham 
Published: July 2019

There are three elements examined in this article, namely: legal transformation, Islamic law, and compilation of Islamic law. Legal transformation is a change of law from a legal system to another legal system with characteristics that are not the same so that it changes shape, nature and substance. Islamic law question is the dimension of marriage fiqh which is transferred to the Compilation of Islamic Law, with the process of national legislation. The substance of Jurisprudence about the prohibition of marrying expert women of the Book from the books of Jurisprudence became the focus of the study, then traced how the transformation process into the Compilation of Islamic Law Article 40 letter (c).
Middle Level Education in Rural Communities
Authors: Thomas Douglas D. 
Published: July 2019

Middle level teachers and administrators working in small or rural schools often face unique obstacles in implementing recommended middle level practices. From sharing staff and schedules with other school sites, to inappropriate instructional techniques, to a general lack of understanding of the middle level philosophy, these obstacles can be a source of frustration for school leaders and hinder school improvement initiatives. A better understanding of these issues and the discussion of potential solutions will benefit teachers, administrators, and policy makers in improving middle level education in rural communities. By building on the positive characteristics found in rural and smaller schools, as well as identifying and addressing the obstacles encountered at smaller schools, middle level leaders can create and maintain distinctive and effective programs for their students.
Helping Children with Emotional Difficulties
Authors: Pearce Lee R. 
Published: July 2019

This article describes a Response to Intervention (RTI) model of service delivery implemented within a rural elementary school for students in kindergarten through fifth grade experiencing significant emotional and behavioral difficulties. A multi-tiered model is presented that includes school wide interventions in Tier 1, as well as a six separate interventions applied within Tier 2 and Tier 3. These included applied behavioral analysis, social skills training, counseling, differentiated instruction, cognitive behavioral interventions and parent involvement designed to assist identified students with improving prosocial skills. Nine children were treated within this program model over a two year period, resulting in two students being placed in special education under the category of emotional disturbance by the project’s termination. Positive and negative aspects of the project’s implementation are reviewed, along with directions for future research.
Supervision Experiences of Rural School Counselors
Authors: Wilson Tara A. , Schaeffer Susan , Bruce Mary Alice 
Published: July 2019

This qualitative study explored the needs of professional school counselors and school counselor interns located in rural areas with regard to clinical supervision, consultation, and professional growth. Four separate focus groups (n=21) were conducted. To allow for consistency across focus groups, a series of six structured interview questions were used. Results of the data analysis revealed six themes which included unique issues of rural school counselors, dynamics of rural living, supervision from school administrators, supporting development through technology, desire for increased connection through supervision, and the identification of roles and responsibilities. Implications of this study indicate a crucial need to increase supervision training opportunities for current school counselors and interns. Technology and active participation with professional organizations may provide a platform for rural school counselors to receive supervision training and offer increased professional connection to solidify their counseling identity.
Developing Leadership Capacity in New Rural School District Leaders: The Kansas Educational Leadership Institute
Authors: Augustine-Shaw Donna 
Published: July 2019

Understanding the context of rural school settings is critical to beginning school district leaders. Rural communities present multifaceted challenges that leaders must embrace as diverse community expectations unfold. The majority of Kansas school districts are in rural settings. Mentoring and induction shapes the experiences encountered during the first year of practice. The Kansas Educational Leadership Institute provides high quality mentoring and induction for new superintendents and principals in Kansas. Mentoring and induction provided by veteran superintendents familiar with leadership complexities in rural communities is offered through on-site visits. In addition, new superintendents participate in activities focused on building capacity through regional cohort networks, attendance at professional organization and state meetings, and in professional learning seminars. The rural superintendent wears many hats in serving their local district. Professional learning opportunities that provide leaders with strategies to focus on achievement, plan for change, and build leadership capacity in rural environments are critical for success.
Carlos Gatti Murriel
Authors: Wiesse Rebagliati Jorge 
Published: July 2019

El presente ensayo plantea la importancia de la experiencia docente, en el testimonio de vida de Carlos Gatti Murriel, como guía para la formación integral de los jóvenes universitarios y para el soporte de una vida académica a la que debe aspirar toda universidad. Para tal efecto, se consideran dos factores determinantes y trascendentes que caracterizan la vida de Carlos Gatti Murriel. Por un lado, su sapiencia producto de los años de estudio, de su encuentro con los Clásicos, y de la convivencia con grandes maestros de las letras; y, por otro lado, su calidad humana —reflejada en su capacidad de acogimiento— la cual ha sido fundamental y contundente para asumir la ardua tarea de todo educador: humanizar al hombre.
Primeramente, se recoge la riqueza de su enseñanza en la Facultad de Letras de la Católica y en el Instituto Riva-Agüero, para cuyos alumnos el encuentro con Gatti significó la experiencia raigal de lo que era una universidad. Luego, se valora su vinculación con la música, sus dones musicales los aplica tanto en la docencia como en funciones académicas relevantes. En tercer lugar, se resalta su fecunda experiencia en la Universidad del Pacífico hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, se valora su generosa entrega para con otras casas de estudios; así como la experiencia de la “Lectura Dantis” como parte del camino de humanización del hombre. Finalmente, se concluye argumentando que su trabajo debe bastar para dar por buena, por bella y por verdadera la opción universitaria de toda una vida.
El deseo derrotará las nuevas esclavitudes
Authors: Vittadini Giorgio 
Published: July 2019

En este texto, el autor abordará la situación actual en relación a tendencias mundiales dentro de la economía, tecnología y relaciones sociales. Así, frente a cada época tecnológica, se afirmará que el deseo empujará al hombre a buscar el pan y el agua, a interesarse por sus problemas y los problemas de los otros, a mejorar sus condiciones y la de sus hermanos hombres. Cabe agregar que este texto se trata de una traducción del italiano.
Francisco Becerra, arquitecto de dos mundos: Extremadura y América, en el siglo XVI (Virreinato del Perú)
Authors: Fernández Muñoz Yolanda 
Published: July 2019

En opinión de la autora, el objetivo de este texto es dar a conocer a un "constructor" del siglo XVI, que caminó entre dos mundos, Extremadura y América, a través de la obtención de datos (fuentes bibliográfica, arquitectónicas). Dichas fuentes le servirán para conformar un conocimiento sobre lo que hizo un arquitecto extremeño en América. Con una sólida precisión histórica, la autora dará más luces sobre lo hecho por este importante arquitecto.
Los derechos humanos después del 11 de septiembre: destino de la humanidad
Authors: Rodriguez Iturri Roger 
Published: July 2019

En este artículo, la tragedia del 11 de septiembre es la fuente para volver sobre una discusión en torno a la libertad del hombre. Igualmente, se abordará el tema de los derechos humanos y sus bases en las enseñanzas cristianas. A su vez, se dará un repaso por la coyuntura política vivida tras ese acontecimiento. Es también interesante el enfoque desde el cristianismo, pues garantizará una reflexión más honda.
Respon imun krustase
Authors: Manoppo Henky , Kolopita Magdalena E.F 
Published: July 2019

Crustacean does not have adaptive immune system and mostly depends on innate or nonspecific immune response. This system can recognize and destroy foreign materials including pathogen. The nonspecific immune responses of crustacean consist of cellular and humoral responses. In cellular response, hemocyte plays an important role in body defenses to pathogen including virus, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In humoral response, recognition of pathogen is mediated by protein and enzyme such as β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (BGBP), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPS-BP), peptidoglycan recognition protein, phenoloxydase enzime. Keywords: crustacean, nonspecific immune response, cellular responses, humoral response, protein, enzime
Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Inkubasi Telur Terhadap Tingkat Penetasan Telur Lobster Air Tawar (Cherax quadricarinatus)
Authors: Tamima Nani I 
Published: July 2019

The important thing in cultivation of freshwater crayfish is the availability and quality of seed. The use of appropriate method could support the production of good seed, therefore in this research we conduct the seed production methods, one is hatching in a natural way, while the other is separating the eggs from the female. On this research, we used 5 females and 3 males of freshwater crayfish (LAT) and placed them in a round glass fiber container with a diameter of 1.5 together with aeration and small pipe (as shelter). Initial average weight of the female and male, respectively from 74.5 to 76.7 grams and an average length of 6 cm. These female and male freshwater crayfish were acclimatized before spawning. Gonadal maturation performed together in a single glass fiber container for 2 months. In this study routinely measured water quality parameters including temperature, acidity (pH) using cremometer, also dissolved oxygen and CO2. Egg test used for this study was given as treatment A which is 150 eggs incubated by each female and treatment B which is 150 eggs separate from each parent and left to hatch by itself. Females that incubate their eggs and the separating eggs were placed in different aquarium (60 x 40 x 40 cm) equipped with modified pipes for shelter. The results of water quality parameter are temperature 24.5-26.5 oC, pH 7, DO 6.43 ppm and CO2 0.04 ppm. Egg incubation period lasts for 45 days. From this research the following conclusions can be drawn between the two treatments were performed in the study, natural incubation method gives much better results for egg hatching of freshwater crayfish. Keywords: egg incubation method, freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, reproduction
Karakteristik Jaringan Secara Histologi dari Strain Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) yang Terinfeksi Penyakit Ice-Ice
Authors: Maulani Resi Kumala , Achmad Marlina , Latama Gunarto 
Published: July 2019

Salah satu yang menyebabkan kegagalan budidaya rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii yaitu terserangnya penyakitice – ice . Penyakit ice-ice merupakan penyakit yang umum terjadi pada rumput laut kappaphycus dengan gejalaterjadinya pemutihan pada bagian thallus dan penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan kematian massal pada produksirumput laut kappaphycus alvarezii . Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menganalisa bagian thallus rumputlaut Kappaphycus alvarezii yaitu uji histopatologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan bentuksel pada kondisi jaringan thallus rumput laut K.alvarezii yang terserang penyakit ice- ice menggunakan metodehistopatologi. Pengambilan sampel rumput laut yang digunakan jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii varietas coklat danhijau dengan 1 titik masing – masing varietas. Sampel rumput laut terdiri atas 2 sampel yaitu bagian thallus yangterserang penyakit ice-ice dan bagian thallus tanpa gejala ice-ice . Sampel berumur 15 hari. Sampel yang dipilihuntuk pemeriksaan, dipotong setebal 0,5 - 1 cm. Sampel dimasukkan kedalam botol sampel untuk difiksasi ± 1minggu, yang berisi formalin 10%.Tahapan pembuatan preparat histopatologi terdiri atas fiksaksi, dehidrasi,clearing , impregnasi , embedding , cutting , staining , dan pemeriksaan dibawah mikroskop. Penelitian ini dianalisissecara dekskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan pengamatan gambar histopatologi pada jaringan rumput laut K.alvarezii . Jaringan thallus yang yang terserang penyakit ice-ice mengalami perubahan bentuk sel, bagian lapisanluar terlihat tidak utuh, hancur, sehingga mengalami kematian sel dan bagian korteks dalam dinding sel terlihattidak teratur dan renggang, tidak terbentuk bulat atau lonjong, sebagian sel mengecil. Jaringan thallus yang tidaknormal mengalami gejala Hipoplastik (terhambatnya atau terhentinya pertumbuhan sel) dan Nekrotik (kematiansel).Kata kunci : Kappaphycus alvarezii, penyakit ice – ice, Histopatologi, Hipoplastik, Nekrotik
Effectivity of mulberry leaf extract on stimulating ekdisteroid hemolimph content and molting of mud crab (Scylla olivacea)
Authors: Fujaya Yushinta , Trijuno Dody Dharmawan , Haryati Haryati , Hasnidar Hasnidar , Rusdi Muhammad , Usman Zainal 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to study the performance of phytoecdisteroids from mulberry leaves in molting stimulating of mangrove crabs. The research was carried out at the Research and Development Center for Aquaculture at the Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries at Hasanuddin University, located in Bojo Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Mangrove crabs (Scylla olivacea) weighing 45-55 g and carapace widths 60-65 mm were used as test animals. There were five doses of mulberry leaf extract applied through feed, namely: A) 1.1 mg / g feed, B) 1.9 mg / g feed, C) 2.7 mg / g feed, D) 3.5 mg / g feed. Crabs were kept individually in plastic boxes that are floated above the surface of the pond. During rearing, crabs are fed 3% dry fish per day which has been enriched with mulberry leaf extract. The parameters observed were ecdysteroid compounds contained in mulberry leaf extract, ecdysteroid content in hemolymph before and after application of mulberry leaf extract, and molting percentage. Identification of the ekdisteroid compounds contained in mulberry leaf extract was carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Measurement of the content of ecdysteroids in crab hemolymh was carried out using Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC). The results showed that the 3.5 mg dose of mulberry leaf extract / g feed gave the highest increase in ecdysteroid hemolymph, which was approximately 1760 ekdisteroid per mL hemolimph, while the dose of 1.1 mg / g feed only provided an increase of 100 ng ekdisteroid per mL hemolymph. The higher the dose of mulberry leaf extract in the feed, the higher the increase in the concentration of hemolymph ecdysteroids, but the high concentration of ecdystoid in the hemolymph does not guarantee molting. The optimal dose of mulberry leaf extract in the feed stimulating molting was 2.4 mg / g of feed.Keywords: mulberry, phytoecdysteroid, molting, crab, aquaculture