Abstract P6-20-09: Pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 enhances chemo-sensitivity and overcomes acquired resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Poh HM , Chong QY , Chen RM , Pandey V , Salundi B , Kumar AP , Lee SC , Lobie PE 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Dose-dependent toxicity and acquired chemo-resistance are two major challenges in the use of doxorubicin in breast cancer treatment. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a secreted ligand that promotes breast cancer progression and predicts poor survival outcome of breast cancer patients. It has also been shown to confer resistance to anti-estrogens and trastuzumab in breast cancer. Here, the role of TFF3 in regulating the sensitivity and acquired resistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer was investigated.
Methods
MCF7, ZR-75-1 and BT474 breast cancer cell lines with siRNA-mediated depletion of TFF3, and doxorubicin-resistant MCF7 cells generated from the pulsatile exposure to doxorubicin, were used as in vitromodels. We have developed a novel non-toxic small molecule inhibitor of TFF3 (AMPC) that binds specifically to cysteine 57 residue of dimeric TFF3 and promotes its dissociation to monomers thereby, inhibiting its dimeric functions such as proliferation and apoptosis. Here, the effects of AMPC in enhancing doxorubicin sensitivity and overcoming acquired doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells were also explored.
Results
Consistent with siRNA-mediated depletion of TFF3, pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 by AMPC enhanced doxorubicin-mediated decrease in cell viability, foci formation and 3D growth of the breast cancer cells, suggesting that TFF3 inhibition increased the sensitivity of these cells to doxorubicin treatment. Notably, AMPC combined with doxorubicin in a synergistic manner, enabling doxorubicin dose reduction for the same inhibitory effect. Doxorubicin-induced AKT activation has been reported to antagonize the effects of doxorubicin and promote its resistance in breast cancer. Here, the inhibition of TFF3 by AMPC was shown to reduce AKT activation. Mechanistically, AMPC co-treatment suppressed doxorubicin-induced AKT activation thereby enhancing doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, with an overall up-regulation of pro-apoptotic and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, as compared to doxorubicin monotherapy. TFF3 also mediated the acquired doxorubicin resistance in MCF7 cells. Elevated expression of TFF3 was observed in the doxorubicin-resistant MCF7 cells as compared to the parental MCF7 cells, while the inhibition of TFF3 by AMPC completely abrogated the resistant phenotype of these cells as shown in the cell viability, foci formation and 3D growth assays. In concordance with the elevated levels of TFF3, doxorubicin-resistant MCF7 cells also exhibited increased activation of AKT with reduced susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis as compared to the parental MCF7 cells. Consistently, this was reversed with AMPC co-treatment, which suppressed the elevated levels of activated AKT in the doxorubicin-resistant MCF7 cells, resulting in the re-sensitization of these resistant cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Similar to that in the parental cells, AMPC also exhibited a synergistic inhibitory effect with doxorubicin in the doxorubicin-resistant MCF7 cells.
Conclusion
The pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 with AMPC is a potential therapeutic approach to reduce the dose-dependent toxicity and to overcome the acquired resistance of doxorubicin in breast cancer.
Citation Format: Poh HM, Chong QY, Chen RM, Pandey V, Salundi B, Kumar AP, Lee SC, Lobie PE. Pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 enhances chemo-sensitivity and overcomes acquired resistance in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-20-09.