bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical decision-making climate in the ICU: theoretical framework and validation of a self-assessment tool
Authors: Van den Bulcke Bo , Piers Ruth , Jensen Hanne Irene , Malmgren Johan , Metaxa Victoria , Reyners Anna K , Darmon Michael , Rusinova Katerina , Talmor Daniel , Meert Anne-Pascale , Cancelliere Laura , Zubek Làszló , Maia Paolo , Michalsen Andrej , Decruyenaere Johan , Kompanje Erwin J O , Azoulay Elie , Meganck Reitske , Van de Sompel Ariëlla , Vansteelandt Stijn , Vlerick Peter , Vanheule Stijn , Benoit Dominique D 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundLiterature depicts differences in ethical decision-making (EDM) between countries and intensive care units (ICU).ObjectivesTo better conceptualise EDM climate in the ICU and to validate a tool to assess EDM climates.MethodsUsing a modified Delphi method, we built a theoretical framework and a self-assessment instrument consisting of 35 statements. This Ethical Decision-Making Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ) was developed to capture three EDM domains in healthcare: interdisciplinary collaboration and communication; leadership by physicians; and ethical environment. This instrument was subsequently validated among clinicians working in 68 adult ICUs in 13 European countries and the USA. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the structure of the EDM climate as perceived by clinicians. Measurement invariance was tested to make sure that variables used in the analysis were comparable constructs across different groups.ResultsOf 3610 nurses and 1137 physicians providing ICU bedside care, 2275 (63.1%) and 717 (62.9%) participated respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that a shortened 32-item version of the EDMCQ scale provides a factorial valid measurement of seven facets of the extent to which clinicians perceive an EDM climate: self-reflective and empowering leadership by physicians; practice and culture of open interdisciplinary reflection; culture of not avoiding end-of-life decisions; culture of mutual respect within the interdisciplinary team; active involvement of nurses in end-of-life care and decision-making; active decision-making by physicians; and practice and culture of ethical awareness. Measurement invariance of the EDMCQ across occupational groups was shown, reflecting that nurses and physicians interpret the EDMCQ items in a similar manner.ConclusionsThe 32-item version of the EDMCQ might enrich the EDM climate measurement, clinicians’ behaviour and the performance of healthcare organisations. This instrument offers opportunities to develop tailored ICU team interventions.
Repetitive simulation is an effective instructional design within a pediatric resident simulation curriculum
Authors: Sagalowsky Selin Tuysuzoglu , Prentiss Kimball A , Vinci Robert J 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionRepetitive paediatric simulation (scenario-debrief-scenario; RPS) is an instructional design that allows immediate application of learner-directed feedback, in contrast to standard simulation (scenario-debrief; STN). Our aim was to examine the impact of RPS embedded within a paediatric resident simulation curriculum, comparing it to STN.MethodsIn this prospective educational cohort study, paediatric residents were enrolled in STN (n=18) or RPS (n=15) groups from August 2012 through June 2013. Each group performed an initial high-fidelity simulation and another after 1–2 weeks. Attitudes, confidence and knowledge were assessed using anonymous surveys with each scenario and at 4–6 months. Skills were assessed in real time with a modified Tool for Resuscitation Assessment Using Computerised Simulation (TRACS). Two blinded reviewers assessed a subset of videotaped scenarios for TRACS inter-rater reliability.ResultsBoth STN and RPS designs were rated highly. The curriculum led to significant short-term and long-term improvements in confidence, knowledge and performance, with no significant differences between groups. All final respondents reported that they would prefer RPS to STN (n=6 STN, 4 RPS). TRACS intraclass correlation was 0.87 among all reviewers.ConclusionsPaediatric residents reported preference for RPS over STN, with comparable impacts on confidence, knowledge and performance. The modified TRACS was a reliable tool to assess individual resident performance. Further research is needed to determine whether RPS is a more effective instructional design for teaching resuscitation skills to paediatric residents.
Adolescent tobacco coupon receipt, vulnerability characteristics and subsequent tobacco use: analysis of PATH Study, Waves 1 and 2
Authors: Rose Shyanika W , Glasser Allison M , Zhou Yitong , Cruz Tess Boley , Cohn Amy M , Lienemann Brianna A , Byron M Justin , Huang Li-Ling , Meissner Helen I , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Unger Jennifer B 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesWe examine adolescent receipt of tobacco coupons and subsequent tobacco use.MethodsData were from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013–2015). We identified correlates of coupon receipt at Wave 1 (youth sample age 12–17 ; n = 13 651) including demographics, additional vulnerability factors that may place youth at risk of tobacco use and correlates of coupon receipt by channel. We examined associations of Wave 1 coupon receipt with Wave 2 tobacco use using weighted multivariable models.ResultsOverall, 7.6% of US youth received tobacco coupons in the 6 months before Wave 1. Coupon recipients were more likely to be women, living outside urban areas, living with a tobacco user, current and former (vs never) tobacco users, having high internalising mental health symptoms and having a favourite tobacco advertisement. Coupons were received primarily through direct mail (56%), product packs (28%) and online (25%). Never tobacco users at Wave 1 who received coupons were more likely to be ever users at Wave 2 (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.42; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.91). Coupon recipients were more likely to use a new tobacco product between waves (aOR=1.67; 95% CI 1.18 to 2.36) and report past 30-day tobacco use at Wave 2 (aOR=1.81; 95% CI 1.31 to 2.49).ConclusionsOne in 13 US youth (7.6%) received coupons. Vulnerable youth had the greatest odds of coupon receipt. Coupon recipients had greater odds of tobacco use among never users, trying a new tobacco product and current use. Coupon bans, limits on youth coupon exposure, stronger age verification, pack inserts or restricting coupon redemption may help reduce tobacco use among adolescents, particularly for those at greatest risk.
Synthesis, characterization and luminescent properties of mixed phase bismuth molybdate-doped with Eu3+ ions
Authors: Wang Liyong , Guo Xiaoqing , Cai Xiaomeng , Song Qingwei , Han Yuanyuan , Jia Guang 
Published: February 2018

Red phosphors of Eu[Formula: see text]-doped bismuth molybdate (BMO) are prepared by a low temperature hydrothermal method assisting with Phenol Formaldehyde resin (PFr), and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Fourier transform infrared-spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential thermal analyzer (DTA), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. PL properties influence factors including molar ratio of Bi[Formula: see text] and Mo[Formula: see text] ions, PFr dosage and dopants concentration are discussed in detail. The results show that BMO can act as a useful host for Eu[Formula: see text] ions doping, and energy transferring from Bi[Formula: see text] to Eu[Formula: see text] achieved efficiently, the BMO phosphors displayed intense red color emission under ultraviolet light excitation.
Hubbard model analysis of the double photoionization of aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Huber D. L. 
Published: February 2018

Using the one-dimensional Hubbard model as a guide, the peaks in the double photoionization in a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons and related molecules are analyzed. In all the aromatic hydrocarbons that have been studied, there are peaks in the 2[Formula: see text] ion concentration that are 40 eV above threshold. These peaks arise from the emission of electrons from a Hubbard state associated with carbon atoms on the perimeter of the molecule. Pyrene and coronene also have low energy peaks 10 eV above threshold that are associated with the carbon atoms inside the perimeter. The linear behavior of the 2[Formula: see text] ion concentration above the two-electron ionization energy that is found in organic molecules lacking periodic symmetry in their perimeter atoms is associated with the simultaneous emission of two photoelectrons with approximately equal kinetic energies moving in opposite directions.
Report from the Fourth Workshop on Algorithms andSystems for MapReduce and Beyond (BeyondMR '17)
Authors: Afrati Foto N. , Hidders Jan , Koutris Paraschos , Sroka Jacek , Ullman Jeffrey 
Published: February 2018

This report summarizes the presentations and discussions of the fourth workshop on Algorithms and Systems for MapReduce and Beyond (BeyondMR '17). The BeyondMR workshop was held in conjunction with the 2017 SIGMOD/PODS conference in Chicago, Illinois, USA on Friday May 19, 2017. The goal of the workshop was to bring together researchers and practitioners to explore algorithms, computational models, languages and interfaces for systems that provide large-scale parallelization and fault tolerance. These include specialized programming and data-management systems based on MapReduce and extensions thereof, graph processing systems and data-intensive workflow systems.
The program featured two well-attended invited talks, the first on current and future development in big data processing by Matei Zaharia from Databricks and the University of Stanford, and the second on computational models for the analysis and development of big data processing algorithms by Ke Yi from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
Cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains are needed for insulin signaling and proliferation in hepatic cells
Authors: Fonseca Matheus de Castro , França Andressa , Florentino Rodrigo Machado , Fonseca Roberta Cristelli , Lima Filho Antônio Carlos Melo , Vidigal Paula Teixeira Vieira , Oliveira André Gustavo , Dubuquoy Laurent , Nathanson Michael H. , Leite M. Fátima 
Published: February 2018

Hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration is a well-coordinated process regulated by the activation of several growth factor receptors, including the insulin receptor (IR). The IR can be localized in part to cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains, but the role of such domains in insulin-mediated events in hepatocytes is not known. We investigated whether partitioning of IRs into cholesterol-enriched membrane rafts is important for the mitogenic effects of insulin in the hepatic cells. IR and lipid rafts were labeled in HepG2 cells and primary rat hepatocytes. Membrane cholesterol was depleted in vitro with metyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and in vivo with lovastatin. Insulin-induced calcium (Ca2+) signals studies were examined in HepG2 cells and in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes as well as in whole liver in vivo by intravital confocal imaging. Liver regeneration was studied by 70% partial hepatectomy (PH), and hepatocyte proliferation was assessed by PCNA staining. A subpopulation of IR was found in membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol. Depletion of cholesterol from plasma membrane resulted in redistribution of the IR along the cells, which was associated with impaired insulin-induced nuclear Ca2+signals, a signaling event that regulates hepatocyte proliferation. Cholesterol depletion also led to ERK1/2 hyper-phosphorylation. Lovastatin administration to rats decreased hepatic cholesterol content, disrupted lipid rafts and decreased insulin-induced Ca2+signaling in hepatocytes, and delayed liver regeneration after PH. Therefore, membrane cholesterol content and lipid rafts integrity showed to be important for the proliferative effects of insulin in hepatic cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY One of insulin’s actions is to stimulate liver regeneration. Here we show that a subpopulation of insulin receptors is in a specialized cholesterol-enriched region of the cell membrane and this subfraction is important for insulin’s proliferative effects.
Comparison of Urine 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3)Pyridyl-1-Butanol and Cotinine for Assessment of Active and Passive Smoke Exposure in Urban Adolescents
Authors: Benowitz Neal L. , Nardone Natalie , Jain Shonul , Dempsey Delia A. , Addo Newton , St. Helen Gideon , Jacob Peyton 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background: Many adolescents are exposed to tobacco smoke, from either active smoking (CS) or secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Tobacco-specific biomarkers of exposure include cotinine (detects use in past 2–4 days) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL; detects use for a month or longer). NNAL is expected to detect more intermittent tobacco exposure. We compared NNAL and cotinine as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco in urban adolescents and determined the optimal NNAL cutoff point to distinguish CS from SHS exposure.
Methods: Surplus urine samples, collected from 466 adolescents attending pediatric well or urgent care visits at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital in 2013 to 2014, were assayed for cotinine and NNAL.
Results: Ninety-four percent of adolescents had measurable levels of NNAL compared with 87% for cotinine. The optimal NNAL cutoff point to distinguish CS from SHS was 9.6 pg/mL by latent class or 14.4 pg/mL by receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Cotinine and NNAL were strongly correlated, but the correlation slopes differed for active versus SHS-exposed adolescents. Among nonsmokers, NNAL levels were significantly higher in African American (median, 3.3 pg/mL) compared with other groups (0.9–1.9 pg/mL), suggesting greater exposure to SHS.
Conclusions: Urine NNAL screening finds a large majority (94%) of urban adolescents are exposed to tobacco. African Americans are exposed to higher levels of SHS than other ethnic/racial groups.
Impact: SHS is associated with significant medical morbidity in adolescents. Routine biochemical screening with NNAL or cotinine detects high prevalence of SHS exposure and should be considered as a tool to reduce SHS exposure in high-risk populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 254–61. ©2018 AACR.
Temporal Variability of Oral Microbiota over 10 Months and the Implications for Future Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Vogtmann Emily , Hua Xing , Zhou Liang , Wan Yunhu , Suman Shalabh , Zhu Bin , Dagnall Casey L. , Hutchinson Amy , Jones Kristine , Hicks Belynda D. , Sinha Rashmi , Shi Jianxin , Abnet Christian C. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background: Few studies have prospectively evaluated the association between oral microbiota and health outcomes. Precise estimates of the intrasubject microbial metric stability will allow better study planning. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the temporal variability of oral microbiota.
Methods: Forty individuals provided six oral samples using the OMNIgene ORAL kit and Scope mouthwash oral rinses approximately every two months over 10 months. DNA was extracted using the QIAsymphony and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the MiSeq. To estimate temporal variation, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for a variety of metrics and examined stability after clustering samples into distinct community types using Dirichlet multinomial models (DMMs).
Results: The ICCs for the alpha diversity measures were high, including for number of observed bacterial species [0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–0.82 and 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75–0.94] from OMNIgene ORAL and Scope mouthwash, respectively. The ICCs for the relative abundance of the top four phyla and beta diversity matrices were lower. Three clusters provided the best model fit for the DMM from the OMNIgene ORAL samples, and the probability of remaining in a specific cluster was high (59.5%–80.7%).
Conclusions: The oral microbiota appears to be stable over time for multiple metrics, but some measures, particularly relative abundance, were less stable.
Impact: We used this information to calculate stability-adjusted power calculations that will inform future field study protocols and experimental analytic designs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(5); 594–600. ©2018 AACR.
Focal Irradiation and Systemic TGFβ Blockade in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Formenti Silvia C. , Lee Percy , Adams Sylvia , Goldberg Judith D. , Li Xiaochun , Xie Mike W. , Ratikan Josephine A. , Felix Carol , Hwang Lin , Faull Kym F. , Sayre James W. , Hurvitz Sara , Glaspy John A. , Comin-Anduix Begoña , Demaria Sandra , Schaue Dörthe , McBride William H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurpose: This study examined the feasibility, efficacy (abscopal effect), and immune effects of TGFβ blockade during radiotherapy in metastatic breast cancer patients.Experimental Design: Prospective randomized trial comparing two doses of TGFβ blocking antibody fresolimumab. Metastatic breast cancer patients with at least three distinct metastatic sites whose tumor had progressed after at least one line of therapy were randomized to receive 1 or 10 mg/kg of fresolimumab, every 3 weeks for five cycles, with focal radiotherapy to a metastatic site at week 1 (three doses of 7.5 Gy), that could be repeated to a second lesion at week 7. Research bloods were drawn at baseline, week 2, 5, and 15 to isolate PBMCs, plasma, and serum.Results: Twenty-three patients were randomized, median age 57 (range 35–77). Seven grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 5 of 11 patients in the 1 mg/kg arm and in 2 of 12 patients in the 10 mg/kg arm, respectively. Response was limited to three stable disease. At a median follow up of 12 months, 20 of 23 patients are deceased. Patients receiving the 10 mg/kg had a significantly higher median overall survival than those receiving 1 mg/kg fresolimumab dose [hazard ratio: 2.73 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–7.30; P = 0.039]. The higher dose correlated with improved peripheral blood mononuclear cell counts and a striking boost in the CD8 central memory pool.Conclusions: TGFβ blockade during radiotherapy was feasible and well tolerated. Patients receiving the higher fresolimumab dose had a favorable systemic immune response and experienced longer median overall survival than the lower dose group. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2493–504. ©2018 AACR.
Annotated checklist of the millipede family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 from São Paulo state, Brazil (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)
Authors: Bouzan Rodrigo Salvador , Iniesta Luiz Felipe Moretti , Pena-Barbosa João Paulo Peixoto , Brescovit Antonio Domingos 
Published: February 2018

A checklist of the family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 (order Polydesmida) from state of São Paulo, Brazil has been performed based on literature and examined material from the collection of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP). A total of 15 genera (7 tribes and 5 genera considered incertae sedis) with 64 species are listed. Among these species, 30 presented a single one record in the state, 19 with more than one record and four recorded for the first time for the state of São Paulo, and 11 species occurring in other Brazilian states. The most distributed species is Brasilodesmus paulistus paulistus (Brölemann, 1902) with 52 records of occurrence. In addition, a complete bibliography list of the chelodesmidan fauna from the state is compiled, as well as distribution maps for all species are provided.
Range extension to Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province and revised distribution of Platyrrhinus chocoensis (Phyllostomidae: Chiroptera) in western Ecuador
Authors: Pozo-Rivera Wilmer E. , Yazán-Ayala Karolina , Alvear-Barrezueta Ramiro , Loaiza‑S. Christian R. , Berovides-Álvarez Vicente , Mancina Carlos A. 
Published: February 2018

We report the first record of the Choco broad-nosed bat (Plathyrrhinus chocoensis Alberico & Velazco, 1991) in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province in northwestern Ecuador. This voucher specimen represents the southernmost record of the species and expands its distribution ca. 120 km south. The animal was caught at a farm, specifically in a live fence consisting of several tree species. Preservation of bat species occurring in agricultural landscapes requires local policies and environmental education.
First avifaunal survey of a Cerrado dry forest enclave on the right bank of the São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with insights on geographic variation of some species
Authors: Vasconcelos Marcelo Ferreira de , D’Angelo Neto Santos 
Published: February 2018

Cerrado dry forest enclaves have been treated as an endemic bird area. In the last years, some avifaunal surveys have been conducted in dry forests on the left bank of the São Francisco River, eastern Brazil. Nevertheless, there is a gap of detailed ornithological surveys in the Cerrado dry forest enclaves on the right bank of this river. Here, we present the first avifaunal survey of a Cerrado dry forest enclave on the right bank of the São Francisco River. The study area, named “Curral de Pedras”, comprises a dry forest enclave and other associated habitats in central Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. We recorded 172 bird species; nine taxa have their ranges strongly associated to the Caatinga; six present their ranges associated to the Atlantic Forest and one is typical of the Cerrado. Important records are those of Campylopterus calcirupicola, a recently described species associated with dry forests of central Brazil, and Celeus ochraceus, collected in its southernmost range. Furthermore, we obtained specimens that present intermediate phenotypes between the following woodcreeper species: Lepidocolaptes squamatus / L. wagleri and Xiphocolaptes albicollis / X. falcirostris. Those records reinforce the need of further sampling and collecting activities in those dry forest enclaves aiming future researches in taxonomy, geographic variation, and phylogeography.
TRÁFICO ATLÂNTICO, ESCRAVIDÃO E RESISTÊNCIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Leite Maria Jorge dos Santos 
Published: February 2018

Entre os séculos XVI e XIX, milhares de homens e mulheres negros perderam sua condição humana ao serem capturados e transformados em mercadoria negociável, através de uma atividade comercial denominada tráfico atlântico, que envolveu sujeitos de três continentes: Europa, África e América, culminando na escravidão negra, da qual o Brasil participou intensamente. Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisitar a história da escravidão no Brasil, através da análise das formas de resistência apresentadas pelos escravizados, desde sua retirada da África, até a formação de quilombos. Reflete, ainda, as contradições entre os ideais liberais que deram sustentação às lutas por liberdade política e econômica no Brasil e a manutenção da escravidão após a Independência de 1822; bem como, as lutas encabeçadas pelos ex-escravos a partir Abolição, em 1888, na defesa do direito à cidadania e contra o racismo. A metodologia de pesquisa foi pesquisa bibliográfica – revisão de literatura- através da análise da contribuição de vários autores para a história da escravidão e resistência no Brasil, do movimento negro pós-abolição e da questão racial.