bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating students’ preferences for university brands through conjoint analysis and market simulation
Authors: Kamal Basha Norazlyn , Sweeney Jillian C. , Soutar Geoffrey Norman 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
In recent times, many universities have been pressured to become heavily involved in university branding. The purpose of this paper is to investigate students’ perceptions of different international universities (brands) in terms of important university attributes, including the country in which the university’s main campus is located and educational programs are designed (COD) and the method by which the educational services are distributed internationally (DM).

Design/methodology/approach
Using a conjoint simulation procedure, this paper predicts the impact that university attributes have on Malaysian and Chinese students’ preferences for international universities.

Findings
The results suggest that, although COD and DM are important factors, the extent to which these factors dominate student preference differs significantly across students according to nationality.

Research limitations/implications
The simulation suggests how international universities can improve their branding strategies, and highlights the need to understand students’ preferences when developing marketing strategies.

Originality/value
Past research has compared the importance of university attributes across countries from the perspective of students, but failed to assess this issue in the light of existing university brands (at an institutional or country level). Such knowledge can provide an indication of student preferences and competitive performance, which are of great interest to education marketers. The present study predicts the impact of various university attributes on Malaysian and Chinese students’ preferences for specific international universities (brands) in four different countries, and changes in preference that occur when the style of delivery or course suitability is altered.
Triple helix and its evolution: a systematic literature review
Authors: Galvao Anderson , Mascarenhas Carla , Marques Carla , Ferreira João , Ratten Vanessa 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the most extensively studied topics with respect to the triple, quadruple and quintuple helix models developed to explain these links. The review also focusses on ascertaining future trends within this field.Design/methodology/approachRelevant documents obtained from a search in the Institute for Scientific Information’s Web of Science were submitted to bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software.FindingsThe results of this systematic review illustrate that, despite growing concern about society and the environment, issues related to the three helixes of universities, industries and governments continue to be the most often studied. However, an additional focus on research on the quadruple and quintuple helix models has emerged in the more specialised literature. An analysis of co-citations also identified four clusters of research such as, innovation and knowledge policies; entrepreneurial universities; business innovation strategy; and triple helix stakeholders in innovation, knowledge and regional development.Originality/valueSome policies are needed. Polices that undergo the mapping of the universities’ specialisations, the industry/society necessities and financial measures could foster the relations between all the stakeholders.
Freedom of science
Authors: Fink Gerhard 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of “freedom of science” (“academic freedom”) for the advancement of society and mankind, which, however, is permanently endangered by powerful organisations, groups and individuals, who in pursuit of their one-sided interests are seeking to constrain information about the truth. As a broad term, freedom of science embraces freedom in research, learning, teaching and publication. All of these activities should be dedicated to identifying the truth and learning about the truth.

Design/methodology/approach
Three theoretical approaches are of importance for framing issues related to freedom of science, which in this paper are integrated into the framework of mindset agency theory: freedom is a value; “freedom” is claimed by agents who pursue specific interests (goals), which might constrain others; and individuals are agents who are interacting with each other within a social system – cooperation, ignorance or conflict.

Findings
Freedom as a value is at the core of intellectual autonomy. Intellectual autonomy is a necessary condition for innovation and advancement of knowledge. The observable modes of interaction/coexistence among researchers are influenced by individual research goals and by the researchers’ access to resources, which may be deliberately constrained by opponents or other researchers as competitors.

Research limitations/implications
For further research, which is beyond this paper, the authors can refer to: analyses of challenges of “academic freedom” – in terms of ethics, protection of individual human rights, political pressures and conflicts of interests; the issues of truth, i.e. the impact of fake news and creation of “alternate facts”; and the relation between academic freedom and employment (academic tenure) in present-day societies. Owing to lack of space, this paper cannot deal with the danger emerging from powerful organisations or powerful individuals, who are challenging freedom of science.

Social implications
If there is no freedom of science then social progress is constrained. If there is no access to right data, decisions will be wrong.

Originality/value
So far, a comprehensive cybernetic model was not published, which supports systems thinking about scholars and teachers (inter)acting in research organisations.
Do all CSR news affect market value equally?
Authors: Pérez Andrea , López-Gutiérrez Carlos , García de los Salmones María del Mar 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study explores the effects that media coverage of corporate social responsibility (CSR) news related to primary stakeholders (e.g. customers, employees and investors) and secondary stakeholders (e.g. community) have on the market value of companies, measured as the impact generated in the positive and negative abnormal returns for those companies.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 195 online papers published in the most important Spanish business newspaper during 2015, the authors implement an event study and a regression analysis that confirm the importance of CSR news for corporate financial goals.FindingsThe findings show that negative CSR news related to primary stakeholders such as investors and customers generate significant abnormal returns for companies that are notably larger than the abnormal returns generated by secondary stakeholders (e.g. community). Similarly, positive news related to primary stakeholders such as employees are the only positive news that affect market reactions significantly.Originality/valueThe study provides an empirical analysis that clarifies how media coverage of different types of CSR news affect the market value of companies. In doing so, the paper contributes to previous literature significantly because scant research exists that has compared the differential effects of CSR news focused on primary and secondary stakeholders. The findings are discussed under the premises of the managerial perspective of stakeholder theory.
Knowledge management practices and systems in county governments in developing countries
Authors: Ndiege Joshua Rumo Arongo , Wamuyu Patrick Kanyi 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
While several studies have indicated the critical role played by the ability of countries to exploit knowledge as an economic resource, it would appear that there have been very few studies conducted on understanding the practices adopted by governments in relation to exploring knowledge, particularly in Africa. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevailing knowledge management practices and technological solutions used by governments to support knowledge management.

Design/methodology/approach
To address the research objective of this study, semi-structured interviews and document analysis were used. The interviews were conducted with both senior and junior county officials from five counties in Kenya, with a total of 31 county officials participating. Further, various county documents were analysed both to seek convergence and corroborate the interview findings.

Findings
The study findings revealed that no systematic knowledge management practices existed in the county governments in Kenya, which were investigated. On the few occasions that the study did find evidence of knowledge management practices, these practices were isolated, informal, uncoordinated and rarely documented and/or communicated. Furthermore, the study found that there were inadequate policy frameworks in place to support knowledge management practices. The study also revealed a scarcity of relevant technological solutions tailored to support knowledge management practices.

Research limitations/implications
It was, thus, hoped that this research would promote an understanding of the prevailing local circumstances that hinder the effective utilisation of knowledge management practices and systems. The study recommends that county governments develop the capabilities required for creating and sustaining an enabling knowledge management environment through frameworks and policies that foster knowledge management practices and systems. The findings have practical implications for the way in which county governments in Kenya and other developing countries may improve their knowledge management practices and adopt appropriate technological solutions to support such practices.

Originality/value
Much of the existing literature on knowledge management is focussed on exploring such practices in large businesses. Studies centred specifically on the analysis of knowledge management practices in county governments in Africa, and how technological solutions may be used to build such practices are conspicuously lacking in the relevant literature.
Serum phosphatidylserine‐specific phospholipase A1 as a novel biomarker for monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity
Authors: Sawada Tetsuji , Kurano Makoto , Shirai Harumi , Iwasaki Yukiko , Tahara Koichiro , Hayashi Haeru , Igarashi Koji , Fujio Keishi , Aoki Junken , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the utility of serum levels of phosphatidylserine‐specific phospholipase A1 (PS‐PLA1), a lipase involved in the production of lysophosphatidylserine with multi‐immunomodulatory effects, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodSerum PS‐PLA1 was measured in 161 patients with SLE (including 54 untreated patients), 80 disease controls (35 active rheumatoid arthritis [RA], 23 Sjögren's syndrome [SS], and 22 systemic sclerosis [SSc]), and 237 healthy controls.ResultsSerum PS‐PLA1 was significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls, RA and SS patients. Although PS‐PLA1 was significantly elevated in SSc and SS patients compared with healthy controls, PS‐PLA1 was significantly higher in untreated SLE patients than in treated SLE patients and disease control patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a cut‐off value of 18.2 ng/mL distinguished untreated SLE from disease control, with sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 57.5%, respectively. PS‐PLA1 was significantly correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and inversely correlated with white blood cell counts, lymphocyte counts, total complement hemolytic activity (CH50), complements C3, and C4 in SLE patients overall. Stepwise multiple regression identified SLEDAI, CH50, and IgG as significant parameters. In SLEDAI‐based disease activity groups, PS‐PLA1 was significantly higher in SLE patients with high disease activity than in those with low disease activity. PS‐PLA1 decreased significantly in parallel with SLEDAI in 35 SLE patients whose paired serum samples were available pre‐ and post‐treatment.ConclusionSerum PS‐PLA1 is associated with disease activity of SLE, indicating its possible use as a biomarker for monitoring SLE disease activity.
AIIB at Three: A Comparative and Institutional Perspective
Authors: Lichtenstein Natalie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) joined the field of multilateral development banks (MDBs) in 2016 as a US$100 billion international financial institution, providing finance for public and private infrastructure projects in Asia. AIIB has been created with the experience of existing MDBs with an aim of innovating for the future. AIIB's establishment is compared here with the origin stories of major MDBs—all born in a mix of geopolitics and development needs. AIIB's policy and strategy framework has continued to be filled out in its first three years, supporting its approved portfolio of over US$8 billion in 45 investment operations. Innovative features in its otherwise classic MDB governance structure are also in operation, such as AIIB's non‐resident board, streamlined decision‐making and uniquely detailed oversight arrangements. For the future, factors that have affected other MDBs may also affect AIIB. Cycles in the global economic and financial environment and shifts in international relations and geopolitics will have an impact on AIIB's members. Institutional governance and leadership have been another source of uncertainty for some others. Time will tell how well AIIB's unique blend of old and new will enable it to serve its mandate and its clients around the world.
Adjuvant‐induced arthritis affects testes and ventral prostate of Wistar rats
Authors: Santos C. R. , Benjamin A. C. A. , Chies A. B. , Domeniconi R. F. , Zochio G. P. , Spadella M. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) may reduce the testosterone production, thereby leading to testicular dysfunction and subfertility.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate whether adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) induces histopathological and morphometric‐stereological alterations on testes with repercussions on the prostate, and alternatively, verifying AIA‐induced direct effects on the prostate, regardless of the testicular involvement.Material and methodsAdult male Wistar rats were sham‐orchiectomized or orchiectomized. Twenty days after the surgery, these animals were injected with vehicle (SHAM and ORQ groups, respectively) or adjuvant (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) to induce arthritis (AIA and ORQ/AIA groups, respectively). Forty days later, testes and ventral prostate were processed for histopathological and morphometric‐stereological analyses, as well as to PCNA immunohistochemistry. Collagen deposit was evaluated in prostate. Circulating testosterone levels were determined 15 days post‐AIA induction in SHAM and AIA rats and 40th day in all groups.ResultsIn the testes, AIA promoted histopathological changes characterized by an increase in the percentage of abnormal tubules and reduction in the height of the seminiferous epithelium, daily production of spermatozoa, and cellular proliferation. In the prostate, AIA decreased the luminal volume of the secretory ducts. In condition of androgenic deprivation due to the orchiectomy, AIA induced proliferation of the prostatic epithelium.DiscussionThe effects of arthritis on testes and prostate were observed 40 days post‐AIA induction, possibly results of the hypoandrogenism were already established on 15th day post‐induction, which is related to the decline of the steroidogenesis in the Leydig cells. On the other hand, the joint inflammatory process may also have direct repercussions upon the prostate, regardless of this hypoandrogenism.ConclusionAIA effects on reproductive tissues may be related to both hypoandrogenism and other direct inflammatory mechanisms. Possibly, these AIA effects on the testes and prostate occur at a stage in which the inflammatory process is most active, about 15–20 days after induction, remaining evident until the 40th day.
Socially responsible downsizing: Comparing family and non‐family firms
Authors: Sanchez‐Bueno Maria J. , Muñoz‐Bullón Fernando , Galan Jose I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study seeks to investigate whether family firms are more likely to downsize their workforce than their non‐family counterparts. Drawing on socioemotional wealth approach, we first explore the effect of family presence on workforce downsizing. Furthermore, we examine the moderating role of R&D activity on the family presence–downsizing relationship. Our sample covers a panel of manufacturing SMEs in Spain over the 1993–2014 period. We find that family firms are less likely to downsize than non‐family firms. Our results also reveal a negative association between R&D activity and workforce downsizing. Finally, the relationship between family presence and downsizing is contingent upon R&D activity, that is, family firms engaged in R&D activities are less likely to downsize than non‐innovative family firms.
Variability in In Vitro OATP1B1/1B3 Inhibition Data: Impact of Incubation Conditions on Variability and Subsequent Drug Interaction Predictions
Authors: McFeely Savannah J. , Ritchie Tasha K. , Ragueneau‐Majlessi Isabelle 
Published: August 2019

As the research into the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) continues to grow, it is important to ensure that the data generated are accurate and reproducible. In the in vitro evaluation of OATP1B1/1B3 inhibition, there are many variables that can contribute to variability in the resulting inhibition constants, which can then, in turn, contribute to variable results when clinical predictions (R‐values) are performed. Currently, the only experimental condition recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the inclusion of a pre‐incubation period.1 To identify other potential sources of variability, a descriptive analysis of available in vitro inhibition data was completed. For each of the 21 substrate/inhibitor pairs evaluated, cell type and pre‐incubation were found to have the greatest effect on half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) variability. Indeed, when only HEK293 cells and co‐incubation conditions were included, the observed variability for the entire data set (highest IC50/lowest) was reduced from 12.4 to 5.2. The choice of probe substrate used in the study also had a significant effect on inhibitor constant variability. Interestingly, despite the broad range of inhibitory constants identified, these two factors showed little effect on the calculated R‐values relative to the FDA evaluation cutoff of 1.1 triggering a clinical evaluation for the inhibitors evaluated. However, because of the small data set available, further research is needed to confirm these preliminary results and define best practice for the study of OATPs.
Novel CARD9 mutation in a patient with chronic invasive dermatophyte infection (tinea profunda)
Authors: Nazarian Rosalynn M. , Lilly Evelyn , Gavino Christina , Hamilos Daniel L. , Felsenstein Donna , Vinh Donald C. , Googe Paul B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCaspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 9 (CARD9) is an adaptor molecule that drives antifungal activity of macrophages and neutrophils in the skin. Autosomal recessive loss‐of‐function mutations in CARD9 confer increased susceptibility to invasive disease with select fungi in non‐immunosuppressed patients. We report on a patient with X‐linked ichthyosis complicated by chronic cutaneous invasive dermatophyte infection. We identified a previously reported c.271T>C (p.Y91H) mutation and a novel intronic c.1269+18G>A mutation in CARD9 underlying recurrent deep dermatophytosis in this patient despite various antifungals for over three decades. Our case highlights susceptibility to invasive dermatophytosis related to autosomal recessive CARD9 deficiency and illustrates the range of CARD9 mutations to be pursued in immunocompetent patients with unexplained deep dermatophyte infections. Further studies are needed to define the best therapeutic regimen.
Mechanism of glucose‐lowering by metformin in type 2 diabetes: Role of bile acids
Authors: Sansome Daniel J. , Xie Cong , Veedfald Simon , Horowitz Michael , Rayner Christopher K. , Wu Tongzhi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent chronic condition, characterized by abnormally elevated blood glucose concentrations and, as a consequence, increased risk of micro‐ and macrovascular complications. Metformin is usually the first‐line glucose‐lowering medication in T2DM; however, despite being used for more than 60 years, the mechanism underlying the glucose‐lowering action of metformin remains incompletely understood. Although metformin reduces hepatic glucose production, there is persuasive evidence that the gastrointestinal tract is crucial in mediating this effect, particularly via secretion of the incretin hormone glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1). It is now well recognized that bile acids, in addition to their established function in fat digestion and absorption, are important regulators of glucose metabolism. Exposure of the small and large intestine to bile acids induces GLP‐1 secretion, modulates the composition of the gut microbiota, and reduces postprandial blood glucose excursions in humans with and without T2DM. Metformin reduces intestinal bile acid resorption substantially, such that intraluminal bile acids may, at least in part, account for its glucose‐lowering effect. The present review focuses on the conceptual shift in our understanding as to how metformin lowers blood glucose in T2DM, with a particular emphasis on the role of intestinal bile acids.
Size and density mediate transitions between competition and facilitation
Authors: Cameron Hayley , Coulson Tim , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpecies simultaneously compete with and facilitate one another. Size can mediate transitions along this competition–facilitation continuum, but the consequences for demography are unclear. We orthogonally manipulated the size of a focal species, and the size and density of a heterospecific neighbour, in the field using a model marine system. We then parameterised a size‐structured population model with our experimental data. We found that heterospecific size and density interactively altered the population dynamics of the focal species. Size determined whether heterospecifics facilitated (when small) or competed with (when large) the focal species, while density strengthened these interactions. Such size‐mediated interactions also altered the pace of the focal’s life history. We provide the first demonstration that size and density mediate competition and facilitation from a population dynamical perspective. We suspect such effects are ubiquitous, but currently underappreciated. We reiterate classic cautions against inferences about competitive hierarchies made in the absence of size‐specific data.