bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender messages in girls' puberty books: A focus on parent representation
Authors: Carter Rona , Pitts Jessica , Park Joonyoung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study provides an ethnographic lens to understand gender messages in girls' puberty books, focusing on the representation of parents in both text and images.MethodsA content and thematic analysis was performed on 22 children's books on girls' pubertal development drawn from Amazon bestselling books on Children's Health & Maturing.ResultsContent analysis results demonstrated an imbalance in the representation of parents in books about girls' pubertal development. Mothers appeared and were mentioned in the text significantly more than fathers. Mothers relative to fathers also were depicted significantly more in illustrations with positive expressions (e.g., smiling) while talking or interacting with their daughters. Fathers were under‐represented and portrayed as relatively stoic actors with no clear role in preparing their daughters for puberty. Thematic analysis of the books reinforced and challenged gender norms and expectations. While mothers were observed as the primary source of support during this transition, some books emphasized fathers' valuable role in advocating for their daughters' well‐being and fostering open communication.ConclusionsImplications for girls' gender role development are discussed.
Preclinical Evaluation of Protective Effects of Terpenoids Against Nanomaterial‐Induced Toxicity: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sun Yuexiao , Zhou Yang , Xie Dongli , Wang Xuejiao , Wang Ya , Liang Yunxia , Luo Xiaogang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTerpenoids, the largest class of natural products, have been demonstrated to confer antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, and antitumor activities. However, whether terpenoids benefit populations exposed to nanomaterials through these mechanisms remains unclear. This meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effects of terpenoids in preclinical models with nanomaterial exposure. Electronic database searching identified 39 studies. The meta‐analysis by Stata 15.0 showed that terpenoid supplementation significantly improved cell viability and altered oxidative stress (decreased ROS, NO, MDA, and TOC and increased SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, GSH‐Px, and TAC)–, inflammation (decreased IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, monocytes, and increased IL‐10)–, apoptosis (reduced Bax, caspase‐3, caspase‐9, P53, and elevated Bcl‐2)–, genotoxic (reduced tail length, % tail DNA, tail moment, DNA fragmentation, chromosomal aberration, and MNPCEs)–, liver function (reduced ALT, AST, and ALP)–, renal function (reduced creatinine, urea, and uric acid)–, reproductive function (increased sperm count, testosterone, Johnsen's score, and number of progeny)–, lipid profile (lower cholesterol, TG, LDL, and higher HDL)–, and carcinogenesis (downregulated AFP and CEA)–related biomarkers induced by nanomaterials. Subgroup analysis indicated that monoterpenoids and tetraterpenoids were particularly effective. Collectively, terpenoids may be a promising candidate for prevention of toxicities caused by nanomaterials.
Navigating the Roadblocks: Progress and Challenges in Cell‐Based Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Chhabra Lakshay , Pandey Rajeev Kumar , Kumar Rajiv , Sundar Shyam , Mehrotra Sanjana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCell‐based therapies represent a major advancement in the treatment and management of HIV/AIDS, with a goal to overcome the limitations of traditional antiretroviral therapy (ART). These innovative approaches not only promise a functional cure by reconstructing the immune landscape but also address the persistent viral reservoirs. For example, stem cell therapies have emerged from the foundational success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in curing HIV infection in a limited number of cases. B cell therapies make use of genetically modified B cells constitutively expressing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against target viral particles and infected cells. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), including TCR‐T therapy, CAR‐T cells, NK‐CAR cells, and DC‐based therapy, is adapted from cancer immunotherapy and repurposed for HIV eradication. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms through which these engineered cells recognize and destroy HIV‐infected cells, the modification strategies, and their role in sustaining remission in the absence of ART. The review also addresses the challenges to cell‐based therapies against HIV and discusses the recent advancements aimed at overcoming them.
Shikonin Stimulates Mitochondria‐Mediated Apoptosis by Enhancing Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Production and DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells
Authors: Biswal Stuti , Panda Munmun , Biswal Bijesh Kumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPhytotherapy has rendered a new insight towards the treatment of various cancers, including oral cancer with fewer side effects, over the traditional chemotherapeutic drugs to overcome chemoresistance. Shikonin (Shk) is a natural biologically active alkaloid found in the Lithospermum erythrorhizon plant's root. It has potent cytotoxic activities against various cancers. Our study revealed the release time and anticancer potential of Shk on the SCC9 and H357 oral cancer cell lines. We investigated the antiproliferative, antimigratory, cell cycle arresting and apoptosis promoting activity of Shk in oral cancer cells by performing MTT and morphological assay, colony, and tumor sphere formation assay, AO/EtBr and DAPI staining, Annexin V‐FITC/PI staining, assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) measurement, comet assay, qRT‐PCR, and western blot analysis. We also checked the interaction of DNA and Shk by docking and CD spectroscopy and EtBr displacement assay. As a result, we found that Shk reduced the viability, proliferation, and tumorigenicity of SCC9 and H357 cells in a time and concentration‐dependent manner. We obtained half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 0.5 µM for SCC9 and 1.25 µM for H357. It promotes apoptosis via overexpressing proapoptotic Bax and caspase 3 via enhancing ROS that leads to MMP depletion and DNA damage and arrests cells at the G2/M & G2/S phase. The antimigratory activity of Shk was performed by analyzing the expression of markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition like E‐cadherin, ZO‐1, N‐cadherin, and vimentin. These overall results recommended that Shk shows potent anticancer activity against oral cancer cell lines in both in vitro and ex vivo conditions. So, it could be an excellent agent for the treatment of oral cancer.
Probing the Molecular Basis of Aminoacyl‐Adenylate Affinity With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Leucyl‐tRNA Synthetase Employing Molecular Dynamics, Umbrella Sampling Simulations and Site‐Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Volynets Galyna P. , Gudzera Olga I. , Usenko Mariia O. , Gorbatiuk Oksana B. , Bdzhola Volodymyr G. , Kotey Igor M. , Balanda Anatoliy O. , Prykhod'ko Andrii O. , Lukashov Sergiy S. , Chuk Oleksiy A. , Skydanovych Oleksandra I. , Yaremchuk Ganna D. , Yarmoluk Sergiy M. , Tukalo Michael A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLeucyl‐tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is clinically validated molecular target for antibiotic development. Recently, we have reported several classes of small‐molecular inhibitors targeting aminoacyl‐adenylate binding site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis LeuRS with antibacterial activity. In this work, we performed in silico site‐directed mutagenesis of M. tuberculosis LeuRS synthetic site in order to identify the most critical amino acid residues for the interaction with substrate and prove binding modes of inhibitors. We carried out 20‐ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and used umbrella sampling (US) method for the calculation of the binding free energy (ΔGb) of leucyl‐adenylate with wild‐type and mutated forms of LeuRS. According to molecular modeling results, it was found that His89, Tyr93, and Glu660 are essential amino acid residues both for aminoacyl‐adenylate affinity and hydrogen bond formation. We have selected His89 for experimental site‐directed mutagenesis since according to our previous molecular docking results this amino acid residue was predicted to be important for inhibitor interaction in adenine‐binding region. We obtained recombinant mutant M. tuberculosis LeuRS H89A. Using aminoacylation assay we have found that the mutation of His89 to Ala in the active site of M. tuberculosis LeuRS results in significant decrease of inhibitory activity for compounds belonging to three different chemical classes—3‐phenyl‐5‐(1‐phenyl‐1H‐[1,2,3]triazol‐4‐yl)‐[1,2,4]oxadiazoles, N‐benzylidene‐N′‐thiazol‐2‐yl‐hydrazines, and 1‐oxo‐1H‐isothiochromene‐3‐carboxylic acid (4‐phenyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl)‐amide derivatives. Therefore, the interaction with His89 should be taken into account during further M. tuberculosis LeuRS inhibitors development and optimization.
Comparative Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of 3D‐Printed Polyamide using Material Extrusion and Powder Bed Fusion Process with Industrial and Desktop Printers
Authors: Told Roland , Kardos Kinga , Paari‐Molnar Emese , Szabo Gabor , Ujfalusi Zoltan , Sahai Nitin , Szabo Peter , Maroti Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyamide (PA) has excellent mechanical properties, making it versatile in various applications, including 3D printing. This paper comprehensively investigates and compares the mechanical, structural, thermal, and geometric properties of 3D‐printed PA12 samples produced with desktop and industrial printers using material extrusion (MEX) and powder bed fusion (PBF) processes. The mechanical tests included tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, Shore hardness, torsion, and water absorption tests. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and melt volume rate (MVR) measurements are conducted. To verify printing accuracy from a biomedical perspective, 3D‐printed prosthetic fingers are subjected to geometric assessments. Industrial PBF samples show significantly higher values for most mechanical properties, including a tensile Young's modulus of 1776 ± 19.42 MPa, while the second highest value is 1419 ± 58.77 MPa (MEX desktop). Furthermore, the MVR of the PBF industrial samples is the highest (18.34 cm3/10 min ± 2.32 cm3/10 min) and this printer exhibits superior performance in printing accuracy than the other printers. The balanced print quality and mechanics make the PBF industrial printer the most recommended for medical device production, but lower‐priced desktop FFF printers can be a good alternative for simple, fast solutions that do not require high precision.
Side Illumination Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Twisted End‐Emitting Polymer Optical Fiber Bundles
Authors: Zhang Xiuling , Yang Kai , Kremenakova Dana , Militky Jiri 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolymer optical fibers (POFs), including side‐emitting POF (SEPOF) and end‐emitting POF (EEPOF) are developed for luminous textiles. The SEPOF is more common for usage but suffers from significant intensity decay, which limits its effective usage length. In contrast, the EEPOF can provide a much more stable side illumination behavior than SEPOF since the light is largely confined within the EEPOF, while its side illumination requires special treatment. In this work, 0.5 mm diameter EEPOFs were firstly assembled into bundles with 10 EEPOFs (B10) and 15 EEPOFs (B15), and then twisted. The morphology, tensile properties, and side illumination behavior of the twisted EEPOF bundles are evaluated. With an increased twisting degree, the initial modulus of twisted sample B10 increases (due to shortening of bundle diameter) from 1.06 to 1.17 GPa while the initial modulus of twisted sample B15 decreases from 1.01 to 0.91 GPa. The increased twisting degree also results in the higher flexibility (indirectly connected with modulus) of the twisted EEPOF bundles. Besides, the increased twisting degree results in a higher side illumination intensity meantime causes a decreased side illumination intensity along the light penetration path. When the twisting degree is low (e.g., 10 T m−1), the highest decrease rate of side illumination intensity along the light penetration path is found.
Engaging Consumers With Virtual Reality: A Moderation Role of Product Types and Consumption Orientations
Authors: Lee Sol , Choi Kyungdon , Kim Minki 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTExploring virtual reality as an innovative marketing channel, this study investigates its impact on consumer engagement across the consumer journey, highlighting the influence of product types and consumption orientations. Despite the growing interest in and integration of virtual reality in retail, there is a lack of detailed understanding of how businesses can effectively deploy virtual reality to improve consumer interactions, particularly on online platforms. We adopted the Difference‐in‐Differences approach with the Propensity Score Matching technique to analyze clickstream data from approximately 3800 students, collected by the education company through quasi‐experimental methods. We find that environment‐replicating virtual reality significantly enhances engagement throughout the consumer journey, with increased visits, clicks, and conversions. Consistent with the Benefit Congruency Framework, this effect is more pronounced for hedonic products designed for pleasure and entertainment, demonstrating virtual reality's capacity to heighten experiential enjoyment. However, environment‐replicating virtual reality's potential to offer immersive experiences can also introduce unintended inconvenience, particularly for consumers who are more focused on practical benefits. The integration of real‐world elements may detract from the convenience of online environments. Therefore, our results provide managerial implications for virtual environment design and consumer targeting strategies to enhance consumer experience and engagement.
Raman spectroscopy on dried blood plasma allows diagnosis and monitoring of colorectal cancer
Authors: Morasso Carlo , Daveri Elena , Bonizzi Arianna , Truffi Marta , Colombo Francesco , Danelli Piergiorgio , Albasini Sara , Rivoltini Licia , Mazzucchelli Serena , Sorrentino Luca , Corsi Fabio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) remains challenging to diagnose, necessitating the identification of a noninvasive biomarker that can differentiate it from other conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and diverticular disease (DD). Raman spectroscopy (RS) stands out as a promising technique for monitoring blood biochemical profiles, with the potential to identify distinct signatures identifying CRC subjects. We performed RS analysis on dried plasma from 120 subjects: 32 CRC patients, 37 IBD patients, 20 DD patients, and 31 healthy controls. We also conducted longitudinal studies of CRC patient's postsurgery to monitor the spectral changes over time. We identified six spectral features that showed significant differences between CRC and non‐CRC patients, corresponding to tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lipids, carotenoids, and disulfide bridges. These features enabled the classification of CRC patients with an accuracy of 87.5%. Moreover, longitudinal analysis revealed that the spectral differences normalized over 6 months after surgery, indicating their association with the presence of the disease. Our study demonstrates the potential of RS to identify specific biomolecular signatures related to CRC. These results suggest that RS could be a novel screening and monitoring tool, providing valuable insights for the development of noninvasive and accurate diagnostic methods for CRC.
A StarGAN and transformer‐based hybrid classification‐regression model for multi‐institution VMAT patient‐specific quality assurance
Authors: Cui Xiangxiang , Yang Xueying , Li Dingjie , Dai Xiangkun , Guo Yuexin , Zhang Wei , Li Ying , Wu Xiangyang , Zhu Lihong , Xu Shouping , Zhuang Hongqing , Yang Ruijie , Geng Lisheng , Sui Jing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe field of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) faces challenges in terms of developing general models across institutions due to the prevalence of multi‐institution data collection and multivariate heterogeneity. Building a general model that is capable of handling diverse multi‐institution data is critical for enabling large‐scale integration and analysis.PurposeThis study aims to develop a star generative adversarial network (StarGAN) and transformer‐based hybrid classification‐regression PSQA framework to address unification of heterogeneous data from different institutions.MethodsA StarGAN and transformer‐based hybrid classification‐regression model was developed as a general PSQA framework to predict gamma passing rates (GPRs) and classify quality assurance (QA) results as “Pass” or “Fail” at multiple institutions. A total of 1815 VMAT plans were collected from eight institutions to develop the general PSQA framework and perform clinical commissioning and implementation. Among them, 20 independent clinical plans from each of eight institutions, for a total of 160 plans, were used for the clinical commissioning, and 205 new clinical plans from eight institutions were used for clinical implementation.ResultsFor the 3%/3, 3%/2, and 2%/2 mm gamma criteria, the sensitivity of the proposed PSQA framework with pretraining was 90.13%, 92.03%, and 95.84%, respectively, while the specificity was 76.01%, 76.12%, and 85.34%, respectively. The mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the proposed PSQA framework with pretraining were 1.36%, 2.37%, and 3.96%, respectively, while the root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs) were 2.31%, 3.89%, and 5.17%, respectively. The results demonstrated visible improvement at multiple institutions. For clinical commissioning, the deviations between the predicted and measured results were all within 3% for 3%/3 and 3%/2 mm at eight institutions. For clinical implementation, all failure plans were correctly identified by the proposed PSQA framework.ConclusionsThe general PSQA framework enables diverse clinical data sources to be handled to achieve enhanced model performance and generalizability, and provides a solution to the unification of heterogeneous data from different institutions to construct robust QA models. This approach can be clinically deployed for VMAT QA.
Chemiebildung – Experimentieren wie Nobelpreisträger
Authors: Reinmold Marco , Lühken Arnim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDas Experiment zur l‐Prolin‐katalysierten enantioselektiven Aldolreaktion macht die asymmetrische Organokatalyse im Schulexperiment praktisch erfahrbar und ermöglicht es den Schüler:innen, aktuelle Entwicklungen der organischen Chemie ausschnittsweise zu entdecken.
Narkosemittel in der Atmosphäre
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDie neue EU‐Verordnung über fluorierte Treibhausgase verbietet voll‐ und teilfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe oder schränkt ihre Verwendung stark ein. Um das Klima zu schützen, wird jetzt erstmals ein Medikament für obsolet erklärt.
Symposium in Münster: Traumreaktionen mit Licht
Authors: Erchinger Johannes Eike 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWie können Chemikerinnen und Chemiker mit dem Schwerpunkt Synthese zu einer nachhaltigen Zukunft beitragen? Die zweite Ausgabe des Traumreaktionen‐Symposiums mit sieben Vorträgen Ende August zog mehr als 250 Teilnehmende aus Europa, China und Indien nach Münster. Schwerpunkt dieses Jahr: die Nutzung von Licht.
Karriereseminar für Doktorandinnen
Authors: Bigler Katrin , Schmidt Annika 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDer Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) veranstaltete im August zum elften Mal ein Doktorandinnenseminar, in dem Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und zukünftige Führungskräfte Unterstützung bei der Karriereentwicklung erhalten. 27 vom FCI geförderte Doktorandinnen tauschten sich über akademische und Industrielaufbahnen aus und vernetzten sich untereinander sowie mit Führungskräften.
Quality improvement initiative to achieve early enteral feeds in preterm infants at a level IV neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Prasad Usha , Johnson Kendall , McGuire Stephanie , Haines Kathleen , Spizzoucco Annmarie , Lainwala Shabnam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe report the results of a quality improvement initiative to reduce the time to full enteral feeds and number of central line and parenteral nutrition days in premature infants in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by 20%.Study DesignIn 2020, a multidisciplinary team at our NICU initiated a quality improvement project to improve enteral feeding in infants with a birthweight <1800 g. The key drivers were early donor human milk consent, trophic feeds initiation, and modification of the enteral feeding guidelines. The interventions included prenatal donor human milk consents, mandatory staff education, and NICU newsletter reminders. Retrospective baseline data were collected May 1, 2020, to November 23, 2020, and prospective data were collected November 24, 2020, to September 30, 2022.ResultsSpecial cause variation was detected for time to achieve full enteral feeds, central line days, and parenteral nutrition days with 30%, 44%, and 42% improvements, respectively. There was no increase in feeding intolerance or necrotizing enterocolitis.ConclusionSmall changes in feeding guideline processes improved enteral feedings in preterm infants without increase in morbidities. Our process measures are practical and easy to implement in most NICU settings.
Twelve‐month analysis of real‐world evidence from a telehealth obesity‐treatment provider using antiobesity medications
Authors: Ard Jamy D. , Hong Young‐Rock , Foster Gary D. , Medcalf Adam , Nadolsky Spencer , Cardel Michelle I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe weight changes in members of a large‐scale telehealth obesity‐treatment provider who were using antiobesity medications (AOMs).MethodsThis retrospective observational study analyzed real‐world data from adults who initiated AOM treatment with the WeightWatchers (WW) Clinic telehealth program between January 2022 and July 2023 (n = 53,590). The main outcomes were changes in body weight over 12 months, side effects over follow‐up, and medication usage patterns.ResultsThe 53,590 patients who initiated treatment were predominantly female (88.6%), with a mean BMI of 36.9 kg/m2. Mean (SD) treatment duration was 5.3 (4.3) months. Program retention rates based on the number of patients whose time from enrollment was at least 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 78% (n = 39,907/51,247), 63% (n = 25,515/40,203), 58% (n = 15,472/26,794), and 77% (n = 6459/8394), respectively. Average weight loss was 8.9% at 3 months (n = 37,565), 14.1% at 6 months (n = 24,140), 17.7% at 9 months (n = 15,169), and 19.4% at 12 months (n = 6089). Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1‐RA)‐based treatments were predominant. Side effects were consistent with the classes of medications used, and frequency declined over time.ConclusionsThis real‐world analysis of a telehealth‐delivered obesity‐treatment program demonstrated outcomes consistent with recent phase 3 clinical trials of AOMs, suggesting generalizability beyond clinical trial and in‐person settings.