bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhagic transformation after stroke: inter‐ and intrarater agreement
Authors: Guenego A. , Lecler A. , Raymond J. , Sabben C. , Khoury N. , Premat K. , Botta D. , Boisseau W. , Maïer B. , Ciccio G. , Redjem H. , Smajda S. , Ducroux C. , Di Meglio L. , Davy V. , Olivot J. M. , Wang A. , Duplantier J. , Roques M. , Krystal S. , Koskas P. , Collin A. , Ben Maacha M. , Hamdani M. , Zuber K. , Blanc R. , Piotin M. , Fahed R. ,   the Aspiration versus STEnt‐Retriever (ASTER) trial investigators
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeHemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a complication of stroke that can occur spontaneously or after treatment. We aimed to assess the inter‐ and intrarater reliability of HT diagnosis.MethodsStudies assessing the reliability of the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) classification of HT or of the presence (yes/no) of HT were systematically reviewed. A total of 18 raters independently examined 30 post‐thrombectomy computed tomography scans selected from the Aspiration versus STEnt‐Retriever (ASTER) trial. They were asked whether there was HT (yes/no), what the ECASS classification of the particular scan (0/HI1/HI2/PH1/PH2) (HI indicates hemorrhagic infarctions and PH indicates parenchymal hematomas) was and whether they would prescribe an antiplatelet agent if it was otherwise indicated. Agreement was measured with Fleiss’ and Cohen's κ statistics.ResultsThe systematic review yielded four studies involving few (≤3) raters with heterogeneous results. In our 18‐rater study, agreement for the presence of HT was moderate [κ = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41–0.68]. Agreement for ECASS classification was only fair for all five categories, but agreement improved to substantial (κ = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.69–0.75) after dichotomizing the ECASS classification into 0/HI1/HI2/PH1 versus PH2. The inter‐rater agreement for the decision to reintroduce antiplatelet therapy was moderate for all raters, but substantial among vascular neurologists (κ = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57–0.84).ConclusionThe ECASS classification may involve too many categories and the diagnosis of HT may not be easily replicable, except in the presence of a large parenchymal hematoma.
MitochondrialDNAhaplogroups and age at onset of Machado–Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a study in patients from multiple populations
Authors: Ramos A. , Planchat M. , Vieira Melo A. R. , Raposo M. , Shamim U. , Suroliya V. , Srivastava A. K. , Faruq M. , Morino H. , Ohsawa R. , Kawakami H. , Bannach Jardim L. , Saraiva‐Pereira M. L. , Vasconcelos J. , Santos C. , Lima M. 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeMitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), an autosomal dominant late‐onset polyglutamine ataxia that results from an unstable expansion of a CAG tract in theATXN3gene. The size of the CAG tract only partially explains age at onset (AO), highlighting the existence of disease modifiers. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been associated with clinical presentation in other polyglutamine disorders, constituting potential modifiers of MJD phenotype.MethodsA cross‐sectional study, using 235 unrelated patients from Portugal, Brazil, India and Japan, was performed to investigate if mtDNA haplogroups contribute to AO of MJD. mtDNA haplogroups were obtained after sequencing the mtDNA hypervariable region I. Patients were classified in 15 phylogenetically related haplogroup clusters.ResultsThe AO was significantly different among populations, implying the existence of other non‐CAG factors, which seem to be population specific. In the Portuguese population, patients classified as belonging to haplogroup JT presented the earliest onset (estimated onset 34.6 years of age). Haplogroups W and X seem to have a protective effect, causing a delay in onset (estimated onset 47 years of age). No significant association between haplogroup clusters and AO was detected in the other populations or when all patients were pooled. Although haplogroup JT has already been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders, no previous reports of an association between haplogroups W and X and disease were found.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that haplogroups JT, W and X modify AO in MJD. Replication studies should be performed in European populations, where the frequency of the candidate modifiers is similar.
Clinical course of multiple sclerosis and labour‐force absenteeism: a longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Castelo‐Branco A. , Landfeldt E. , Svedbom A. , Löfroth E. , Kavaliunas A. , Hillert J. 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease associated with substantial disability and morbidity. The objective of our study was to assess the long‐term consequences of MS clinical course on sick leave and disability pension.MethodsPatients with relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS) were identified through the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Registry. We calculated the mean annual prevalence and number of sick leave and disability pension days by clinical course, age and year pre‐ and post‐diagnosis, and compared outcomes using Welch's t‐tests and ANOVA models, mixed‐effects regression and survival analysis.ResultsThe sample included 5371 patients (4568 with RRMS, 390 with SPMS and 413 with PPMS). The mean annual number of days with sick leave and disability pension ranged from 101 at 1 year after diagnosis to 164 after 11 years for patients with RRMS. Corresponding estimates for PPMS were 188 and 311 days. Higher levels of absenteeism were observed in patients with PPMS versus RRMS 7 years before diagnosis for sick leave (P < 0.025) and 10 years before diagnosis for disability pension (P < 0.034). Differences between SPMS and PPMS were minor.ConclusionsPatients with RRMS had substantially lower levels of sick leave and disability pension over time compared with their counterparts with SPMS and PPMS, whereas labour‐force absenteeism was similar for patients with SPMS and PPMS. These findings contribute to the understanding of the impact of MS on socioeconomic outcomes and help inform the discussion on the clinical classification of different courses of the disease.
Inhibition of dentin matrix‐bound cysteine cathepsins by potassium fluoride
Authors: Altinci Pinar , Mutluay Murat , Tjäderhane Leo , Tezvergil‐Mutluay Arzu 
Published: November 2018

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins (CCs) can break down unprotected type I collagen fibrils in dentin matrix. This study investigated the use of potassium fluoride (KF) as a potential inhibitor of MMPs and CCs in dentin. Demineralized dentin beams were divided into groups (n = 10 in each group) and incubated in artificial saliva (AS, control), either alone or with one of seven concentrations of KF (6–238 mM fluoride) for 1, 7, and 21 d. After 21 d, all groups were further aged in AS for 6 months. Total MMP activity was screened using the colorimetric MMP assay. The activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were investigated using gelatin zymography. At the end of each incubation, changes in loss of dry mass and CC‐mediated or total dissolution of collagen peptides were measured via precision weighing, C‐terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and hydroxyproline (HYP) assays. The beams were examined using scanning electron microscopy. After 21 d, total MMP activities, dry mass loss, and CTX release for the groups exposed to 179 and 238 mM fluoride were significantly lower compared with the control group. After 6 months, all groups showed similar total MMP activity, dry mass loss, and HYP release, and CTX levels were significantly lower when the fluoride concentration was ≥24 mM. Calcium fluoride (CaF2)‐like precipitates were observed over the beams. In summary, KF significantly inhibited the catalytic activity of dentin matrix‐bound CCs but did not seem to be effective for MMP‐mediated activity.
Factors associated with survival, laminitis and insulin dysregulation in horses diagnosed with equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Authors: Horn R. , Bamford N. J. , Afonso T. , Sutherland M. , Buckerfield J. , Tan R. H. H. , Secombe C. J. , Stewart A. J. , Bertin F. R. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundPituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a commonly described endocrine disorder in higher latitudes of the Northern hemisphere but the description of the disease at lower latitudes and in the Southern hemisphere is limited.ObjectivesDocument the clinical features ofPPIDat different Australian latitudes and climates, and investigate factors associated with survival, laminitis and insulin dysregulation (ID).Study designRetrospective study of 274 equids from eight institutions across Australia.MethodsA diagnosis ofPPIDwas based on endogenousACTH, overnight dexamethasone suppression test, thyrotropin‐releasing hormone stimulation test or necropsy. Clinical and clinicopathologic characteristics ofPPIDand therapeutic responses were investigated. Laminitis was diagnosed by radiographic or histologic changes andIDwas diagnosed based on endogenous insulin, an oral glucose test or a 2‐step insulin‐response test.ResultsBeing a pony, having a higher body condition score and pergolide administration were associated with survival. The clinical presentation ofPPIDchanged with latitude and climate, with anhidrosis and polyuria/polydipsia more commonly recognised at lower latitudes. Laminitis was diagnosed in 89.9% of cases andIDwas present in 76.5% of cases in which they were investigated.Main limitationsDespite the sample size, the lack of uniform testing at all locations (primary or referral cases) and the incompleteness of data sets limited the power of the statistical analyses.ConclusionsPPIDcan present with variable signs at different latitudes and climates, andIDshould be investigated in equids diagnosed withPPID. Adequate body condition and administration of pergolide are fundamental inPPIDmanagement.
A Phenomenological Study on the Experience of Syrian Asylum‐Seekers and Refugees in the United States
Authors: Utržan Damir S. , Wieling Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2018

Violence in Syria has displaced an unprecedented number of people from their homes. While couple/family therapy (C/MFT) scholars have explored migration experiences, particularly among refugees, there is still limited research using a bioecological framework. This exploratory study examined the experiences of Syrian asylum‐seekers and refugees living in the United States using a qualitative phenomenological approach. Twelve Syrians (n = 8 men, n = 4 women) between 20 and 52 years of age (M = 35.8, SD = 10.7) were interviewed about their experiences across three stages of resettlement: (1) pre‐resettlement, (2) resettlement/migration, and (3) post‐resettlement. Findings suggest that the effects of conflict‐induced displacement and resettlement permeate across multiple ecologies. These range from the individual and his or her interpersonal relationships to their larger community and society. C/MFTs should account for contextual factors while becoming familiar with the sociopolitical impact of displacement and resettlement in their clinical work with this population.
nanoDSF as screening tool for enzyme libraries and biotechnology development
Authors: Magnusson Anders O. , Szekrenyi Anna , Joosten Henk‐Jan , Finnigan James , Charnock Simon , Fessner Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: November 2018

Enzymes are attractive tools for synthetic applications. To be viable for industrial use, enzymes need sufficient stability towards the desired reaction conditions such as high substrate and cosolvent concentration, non‐neutral pH and elevated temperatures. Thermal stability is an attractive feature not only because it allows for protein purification by thermal treatment and higher process temperatures but also due to the associated higher stability against other destabilising factors. Therefore, high‐throughput screening (HTS) methods are desirable for the identification of thermostable biocatalysts by discovery from nature or by protein engineering but current methods have low throughput and require time‐demanding purification of protein samples. We found that nanoscale differential scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF) is a valuable tool to rapidly and reliably determine melting points of native proteins. To avoid intrinsic problems posed by crude protein extracts, hypotonic extraction of overexpressed protein from bacterial host cells resulted in higher sample quality and accurate manual determination of several hundred melting temperatures per day. We have probed the use of nanoDSF for HTS of a phylogenetically diverse aldolase library to identify novel thermostable enzymes from metagenomic sources and for the rapid measurements of variants from saturation mutagenesis. The feasibility of nanoDSF for the screening of synthetic reaction conditions was proved by studies of cosolvent tolerance, which showed protein melting temperature to decrease linearly with increasing cosolvent concentration for all combinations of six enzymes and eight water‐miscible cosolvents investigated, and of substrate affinity, which showed stabilisation of hexokinase by sugars in the absence of ATP cofactor.EnzymesAlcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.2), transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1), hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), 2‐deoxyribose‐5‐phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.4), fructose‐6‐phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.n).
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Methodology for Isotopic Ratio Measurement of Micro‐Grains in Thin Sections: True Grain Size Estimation and Deconvolution of Inter‐Grain Size Gradients and Intra‐Grain Radial Gradients
Authors: Jones Clive , Fike David A. , Meyer Katja M. 
Published: November 2018

In a thin section, grains that were approximately spherical in situ appear circular in cross section, and the distribution of apparent diameters frequently assumed to be their size distribution. Scanning ion imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is capable of providing precise (< 1‰) stable isotope ratio measurements of such grains, but, importantly, also registers their rate of evolution in apparent size as they are ablated by the primary beam. By assessing rates of radius change with depth, the described methodology enables the ‘true’ size of grains to be estimated, as well as the distance of the sectioned surface from the original grain centre. Transects in three dimensions are made possible, and this capability enables better identification (and thus separation) of both inter‐grain chemical signatures as a function of grain size, and intra‐grain radial trends. In this example, we highlight the specific application to pyrite (FeS2) minerals, which are frequently analysed by SIMS to determine their inter‐grain and intra‐grain geochemical variations, particularly in their sulfur stable isotopic ratios (δ34S). Benefits of the new methodology over the Faraday cup ‘spot mode’ are described. Data correction algorithms and precision considerations are discussed.
Effect of zein additive on perfume evaporation
Authors: Cabin‐Flaman A. , Delaune A. , Poutrain P. , Gangwe Nana Y.G. , Jourdain B. , Gibouin D. , Paris J.P. , Trestour S. , Seigneuret J.M. , Léopoldès de Vendômois A. , Cosette P. , Etienne J.J. , Ripoll C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveZein is known to have filmogen properties. We wanted to show if a zein film containing eugenol (eugenol as model) would retain the fragrances, slow their evaporation and therefore produce a long‐lasting perception of perfume.MethodsWe added corn zein to eugenol in a hydro‐alcoholic solution to form a film in vitro and at the surface of the human skin. We have studied the trapping and release of eugenol from zein film by GC/MS. Also we labelled eugenol with deuterium to image specifically its distribution in the zein film using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry technique (NanoSIMS 50). Finally, we applied the zein/D‐eugenol formulation onto skin to image the eugenol location on and in skin by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry).ResultsWe showed that eugenol evaporation from zein film can be divided in three periods. The first period (≤2 h) corresponds to the simultaneous solvent and eugenol evaporation occurring during film formation. The second period corresponds to the continuous and slow eugenol evaporation during a few hours (about 10 h) but not to its completion. The third period (at least up to 48 h) results from the trapping of eugenol in zein film. After 24 or 48 h, trapped eugenol can be released and evaporated under mechanical deformations of the film. Moreover we showed that zein addition does not favour the eugenol penetration into viable epidermis which may cause allergenic cutaneous reaction.ConclusionThe zein additive is safe to use, does not impact the olfactory perception, allows a better perception of the fragrance (long‐lasting effect) in a more protective way and can be used in perfume.
Fractal characterization of ceramic crack patterns after thermal shocks
Authors: Qi Fei , Meng Songhe , Song Fan , Guo Hao , Xu Xianghong , Shao Yingfeng , Chen Yao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis work utilized a combination of experimental evidence and fractal geometric method to assess the effect of crack extension concerning the thermal shock on residual strength of ceramics. Sintered alumina (Al2O3) ceramic slabs were bundled and quenched in water under different thermal shock temperatures. The fractal dimension of thermal shock crack patterns on the interior surface and the cooled surface was calculated by the Box‐counting method. Fracture energy of a fractal pattern of microcracks in quasi‐brittle solids was employed to explain the relationship between crack length and fractal dimensions. The results show that if the crack propagation has the same crack length but a larger fractal dimension, it will absorb more fracture energy. The thermal shock crack patterns of Al2O3 ceramics with different grain sizes were analyzed, and the smaller grain size ceramic had a higher fractal dimension of crack patterns than the larger one.
Domain epitaxy of crystalline BeO films on GaN and ZnO substrates
Authors: Lee Seung Min , Yum Jung Hwan , Larsen Eric S. , Shervin Shahab , Wang Weijie , Ryou Jae‐Hyun , Bielawski Christopher W. , Lee Woo Chul , Kim Seong Keun , Oh Jungwoo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe demonstrated the growth of wurtzite‐crystalline beryllium oxide (BeO) thin films on GaN and ZnO substrates using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Single‐crystalline BeO were epitaxially grown on GaN. Despite the inherently large lattice mismatch of BeO and GaN atoms, the 6/5 and 7/6 domain‐matched structures dramatically reduced the residual strain in BeO thin films. On the other hand, the lattice mismatch of BeO and ZnO was not effectively accommodated in the mixed domains. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the in‐plane crystallization of BeO‐on‐substrates in the (002){102}BeO||(002){102}Sub orientation and relaxation degrees of 20.8% (GaN), 100% (ZnO). The theoretical critical thicknesses of BeO for strain relaxation were 2.2 μm (GaN) and 1.6 nm (ZnO), calculated using a total film energy model. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier‐filtered imaging supported the bonding configuration and crystallinity of wurtzite BeO thin films on GaN and ZnO substrates.
Do ecogeographical rules explain morphological variation in a diverse, Holarctic genus of small mammals?
Authors: Stanchak Kathryn E. , Santana Sharlene E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimWe use ecogeographical rules to understand the relationship between biogeography and morphological evolution in Sorex (Linnaeus, 1758) shrews. Specifically, we test for climatic correlations in body size (Bergmann's rule; larger species in colder habitats) and pelage brightness (Gloger's rule; darker species in more humid/warmer habitats).LocationNorth America and Eurasia (Holarctic).TaxonSorex spp. (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae).MethodsWe compiled body size data for 51 species of Sorex and measured pelage brightness from museum specimens for 43 species. We sourced bioclimatic data across the geographical range of each species as well as specific to the museum specimen localities. For comparative purposes, we also estimated a Sorex phylogeny using existing sequence data. To test Bergmann's and Gloger's rules, we constructed phylogenetic least squares models considering latitude, altitude, and bioclimatic variables as predictors of interspecific variation in body size and pelage brightness across Sorex. We then performed these tests separately for the Palaearctic and Nearctic lineages.ResultsSorex exhibits wide variation in both body size and pelage brightness. In models of the entire genus and of the Nearctic clade, neither trait is significantly predicted by the variables tested. A decrease in pelage brightness in the Palaearctic clade is significantly predicted by increasing mean annual temperature and annual precipitation, but only when considering climatic data specific to the measured specimen localities.Main conclusionsSorex does not conform to Bergmann's rule. This result aligns with intraspecific studies suggesting Bergmann's rule is less evident in smaller taxa, but it counters others that found support for the rule in North American and European assemblages. Different patterns in pelage evolution across the Nearctic and Palaearctic clades may result from different historical climatic pressures; however, the significance of the relationship between climate and pelage evolution is dependent on the specificity of the climatic data. Sorex may be a useful focal taxon for exploring the relationship between intra‐ and interspecific ecogeographical patterns as well as the relative roles of morphological, behavioural, physiological, and life history characteristics in explaining the ability to persist in climatically challenging environments.
Domestication and crop evolution of wheat and barley: Genes, genomics, and future directions
Authors: Haas Matthew , Schreiber Mona , Mascher Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWheat and barley are two of the founder crops of the agricultural revolution that took place 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent and both crops remain among the world's most important crops. Domestication of these crops from their wild ancestors required the evolution of traits useful to humans, rather than survival in their natural environment. Of these traits, grain retention and threshability, yield improvement, changes to photoperiod sensitivity and nutritional value are most pronounced between wild and domesticated forms. Knowledge about the geographical origins of these crops and the genes responsible for domestication traits largely pre‐dates the era of next‐generation sequencing, although sequencing will lead to new insights. Molecular markers were initially used to calculate distance (relatedness), genetic diversity and to generate genetic maps which were useful in cloning major domestication genes. Both crops are characterized by large, complex genomes which were long thought to be beyond the scope of whole‐genome sequencing. However, advances in sequencing technologies have improved the state of genomic resources for both wheat and barley. The availability of reference genomes for wheat and some of its progenitors, as well as for barley, sets the stage for answering unresolved questions in domestication genomics of wheat and barley.