bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and Concentration of Plasma Aflatoxin Is Associated With Detection of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus in Kenyan Women
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Orang’o Omenge , Tonui Philip , Tong Yan , Maina Titus , Kiptoo Stephen , Muthoka Katpen , Groopman John , Smith Joshua , Madeen Erin , Ermel Aaron , Loehrer Patrick , Brown Darron R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer is common in Kenyan women. Cofactors in addition to infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) are likely to be important in causing cervical cancer, because only a small percentage of HPV-infected women will develop this malignancy. Kenyan women are exposed to dietary aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen and immunosuppressive agent, which may be such a cofactor.

Methods
Demographics, behavioral data, plasma, and cervical swabs were collected from 88 human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected Kenyan women without cervical dysplasia. Human papillomavirus detection was compared between women with or without plasma aflatoxin B1-lysine (AFB1-lys) and evaluated in relation to AFB1-lys concentration.

Results
Valid HPV testing results were available for 86 women (mean age 34.0 years); 49 women (57.0%) had AFB1-lys detected and 37 (43.0%) had none. The AFB1-lys detection was not associated with age, being married, having more than secondary school education, home ownership, living at a walking distance to healthcare ≥60 minutes, number of lifetime sex partners, or age of first sex. The AFB1-lys detection and plasma concentrations were associated with detection of oncogenic HPV types.

Conclusions
The AFB1-lys positivity and higher plasma AFB1-lys concentrations were associated with higher risk of oncogenic HPV detection in cervical samples from Kenya women. Further studies are needed to determine whether aflatoxin interacts with HPV in a synergistic manner to increase the risk of cervical cancer.
Lower Crustal Heterogeneity and Fractional Crystallization Control Evolution of Small-volume Magma Batches at Ocean Island Volcanoes (Ascension Island, South Atlantic)
Authors: Chamberlain K J , Barclay J , Preece K J , Brown R J , Davidson J P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Ocean island volcanoes erupt a wide range of magmatic compositions via a diverse range of eruptive styles. Understanding where and how these melts evolve is thus an essential component in the anticipation of future volcanic activity. Here we examine the role of crustal structure and magmatic flux in controlling the location, evolution and ultimately composition of melts at Ascension Island. Located in the South Atlantic, Ascension Island is an ocean island volcano that has produced a continuum of eruptive compositions from basalt to rhyolite in its 1 Myr subaerial eruptive history. Volcanic rocks broadly follow a silica-undersaturated subalkaline evolutionary trend, and new data presented here show a continuous compositional trend from basalt through trachyte to rhyolite. Detailed petrographic observations are combined with in situ geochemical analyses of crystals and glass, and new whole-rock major and trace element data from mafic and felsic pyroclastic and effusive deposits that span the entire range in eruptive ages and compositions found on Ascension Island. These data show that extensive fractional crystallization is the main driver for the production of felsic melts for Ascension Island, a volcano built on thin, young, oceanic crust. Strong spatial variations in the compositions of erupted magmas reveal the role of a heterogeneous lower crust; differing degrees of interaction with a zone of plutonic rocks are responsible for the range in mafic lava compositions, and for the formation of the central and eastern felsic complexes. A central core of nested, small-scale plutonic, or mush-like, bodies inhibits the ascent of mafic magmas, allowing sequential fractional crystallization within the lower crust, and generating felsic magmas in the core of the island. There is no evidence for magma mixing preserved in any of the studied eruptions, suggesting that magma storage regions are transient, and material is not recycled between eruptions.
Smoking Is Associated with Pain in All Body Regions, with Greatest Influence on Spinal Pain
Authors: Smuck Matthew , Schneider Byron J , Ehsanian Reza , Martin Elizabeth , Kao Ming-Chih J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveExamine the interrelationship between smoking and pain in the US population.DesignA cross-sectional population-based study.SettingNationwide survey.MethodsComprehensive pain reports categorically defined as head, spine, trunk, and limb pain; smoking history; demographics; medical history from a total of 2,307 subjects from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey obtained from the Centers for Disease Control were analyzed. Unpaired t tests were used to analyze independent continuous variables, and chi-square tests were used to analyze categorical variables between smoker and nonsmoker groups. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses determined the association of current smoking with the presence of pain in various body regions.ResultsSmoking is most strongly associated with spine pain (odds ratio [OR] = 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.21–3.77), followed by headache (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.73–3.53), trunk pain (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.45–2.74), and limb pain (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.45–2.73).ConclusionsCurrent smoking is associated with pain in every region of the body. This association is strongest for spine and head pain. Given that pain is a strong motivator and that current smoking was associated with pain in all body regions, we recommend that these results be used to further raise public awareness about the potential harms of smoking.
Joint microwave radiometry for inflammatory arthritis assessment
Authors: Laskari Katerina , Pentazos George , Pitsilka Despina , Raftakis John , Konstantonis George , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Siores Elias , Tektonidou Maria , Sfikakis Petros P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Increased in-depth joint temperature measured by the rapid, easy-to-perform microwave radiometry (MWR) method may reflect inflammation, even in the absence of clinical signs. We hypothesized that MWR is useful for RA and spondyloarthritis patients’ assessment.

Methods
Clinical examination, joint ultrasound and/or MRI and MWR were performed in two independent patient–control cohorts (n = 243).

Results
Among single RA joints MWR performed best in the knee using ultrasound as reference, with 75% sensitivity–73% specificity for grey-scale synovitis score ⩾2, and 80% sensitivity–82% specificity for power Doppler positivity. A stronger agreement was evident between increased knee relative temperature (Δt) and power Doppler positivity (82%) than with clinical examination (76%). In a different patient cohort with painful knees, a knee Δt ⩽0.2 predicted power Doppler positivity with 100% positive and negative predictive values. A thermo-score summing 10 Δt values of three large and seven small RA joints (elbow, knee, ankle, wrist, four hand and two foot joints of the clinically dominant arm or hand and leg or foot) correlated with ultrasound scores of synovitis/tenosynovitis (all P &lt; 0.001) and the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) (P = 0.004). The agreement of the thermo-score with ultrasound-defined joint inflammation (82%) was stronger than with DAS28 (64%). The thermo-score improved significantly after 90 days of treatment in patients with active RA at baseline (P = 0.004). Using MRI as reference, Δt of sacroiliac joints could discriminate between spondyloarthritis patients with or without sacroiliitis with 78% sensitivity–74% specificity.

Conclusion
In-depth increased MWR-derived joint temperature reflects both subclinical and clinically overt inflammation and may serve as a biomarker in arthritis.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Intravenous Versus Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Walker Joan L. , Brady Mark F. , Wenzel Lari , Fleming Gini F. , Huang Helen Q. , DiSilvestro Paul A. , Fujiwara Keiichi , Alberts David S. , Zheng Wenxin , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Cohn David E. , Powell Matthew A. , Van Le Linda , Davidson Susan A. , Gray Heidi J. , Rose Peter G. , Aghajanian Carol , Myers Tashanna , Secord Angeles Alvarez , Rubin Stephen C. , Mannel Robert S. 
Published: August 2019

(Abstracted from J Clin Oncol 2019;37:1380–1390)
The Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) protocol 172 demonstrated a median survival of 127.6 months with an intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy regimen compared with 82 months with an intravenous (IV) cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimen in women with stage 3 ovarian cancer and surgically resected disease. These findings represented an advancement in IP chemotherapy efficacy in ovarian cancer, although several phase 1 studies have concurrently found significant toxicity secondary to IP chemotherapy.
Effect of Postoperative Partial Bladder Filling After Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy on Postanesthesia Care Unit Discharge and Cost: A Single-blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moawad Gaby , Tyan Paul , Marfori Cherie , Abi Khalil Elias , Park Daniel 
Published: August 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;220:367.e1–367.e7)
Hysterectomy—one of the most common surgical procedures performed each year in the United States—has substantial related health care costs, more than US $5 billion. In 2010, it was estimated that upward of 430,000 patients received a hysterectomy, with 40% performed laparoscopically and close to half discharged the same day of surgery.
Maternal Complications Following Open and Fetoscopic Fetal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sacco Adalina , Van der Veeken Lennart , Bagshaw Emma , Ferguson Catherine , Van Mieghem Tim , David Anna L. , Deprest Jan 
Published: August 2019

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2019;39(4):251–268)
Fetal therapy options have expanded, and surgery on the fetus, placenta, or cord is now relatively common in tertiary-level fetal medicine units. Fetal therapy is almost exclusively offered to mothers who are healthy themselves, yet fetal surgery poses risks to the mother not only during the procedure itself but also during the remainder of the index pregnancy, potentially during any future pregnancies and throughout the woman's entire life.
Medically Assisted Reproduction and Birth Outcomes: A Within-Family Analysis Using Finnish Population Registers
Authors: Goisis Alice , Remes Hanna , Martikainen Pekka , Klemetti Reija , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: August 2019

(Abstracted from Lancet 2019;393:1225–1232)
Medically assisted reproduction—that is, reproduction brought about through treatments such as ovulation induction, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF), or intracytoplasmic sperm injection with fresh or frozen embryo transfer—has resulted in the birth of more than 5 million children. Although previous studies have consistently found that children born after medically assisted reproduction have worse perinatal outcomes than do children who were conceived naturally, the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Five Years After Early-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction: Analyses in a Dutch Subgroup Participating in a European Management Trial
Authors: Pels A. , Knaven O. C. , Wijnberg-Williams B. J. , Eijsermans M. J. C. , Mulder-de Tollenaer S. M. , Aarnoudse-Moens C. S. H. , Koopman-Esseboom C. , van Eyck J. , Derks J. B. , Ganzevoort W. , van Wassenaer-Leemhuis A. G. 
Published: August 2019

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019;234:63–70)
Uteroplacental insufficiency is the most common cause of fetal growth restriction (FGR), with potentially critical consequences for both the mother and fetus. Definitions of uteroplacental insufficiency vary between an antenatal diagnosis reflecting the placental dysfunction and a postnatal diagnosis based on birth weight.
Posterior Malleolar Fracture Morphology in Tibial Shaft Versus Rotational Ankle Fractures: The Significance of the Computed Tomography Scan
Authors: Kellam Patrick J. , Haller Justin M. , Rothberg David L. , Higgins Thomas F. , Marchand Lucas S. 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
To compare posterior malleolar fracture morphology in ankle fractures compared with those with tibial shaft fractures.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Patients/Participants:
Fifty-four patients with tibial shaft fractures and 61 patients with ankle fractures.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Posterior malleolar fractures in ankle fractures versus tibial shaft fractures were classified by type and pathomorphology analyzed.

Results:
Posterior malleolar fractures were significantly larger when associated with tibial shaft fractures (32% cross-sectional area) as compared to ankle fractures (15% cross-sectional area) (P < 0.001). The distribution of posterior malleolar fracture type differed between tibial shaft fractures and ankle fractures. In addition, 47% of the type II posterior malleolar fractures in tibial shaft fractures had an additional fracture line oriented in the sagittal plane, a fracture pattern unique to these injuries that were not observed in the ankle fracture cohort.

Conclusions:
Posterior malleolar fracture morphology varied significantly between tibial shaft fractures and rotational ankle fractures. Posterior malleolar fractures in tibial shaft fractures were over twice the size of posterior malleolar fractures that occur with rotational ankle fractures and more likely to involved the medial malleolus. This information emphasizes the importance of recognizing that large posterior malleolar fractures are associated with tibial shaft fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
National Trends in Timing of Death Among Patients With Septic Shock, 1994–2014
Authors: Law Anica C. , Stevens Jennifer P. , Walkey Allan J. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
To assess trends in timing of mortality among patients with septic shock.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample, 1994–2014.

Patients:
Hospitalized adults (≥ 18 yr) with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, Clinical Modification codes consistent with septic shock; secondary analysis: adults with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, Clinical Modification codes consistent with acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and patients with both septic shock and acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
From 1994 to 2014, 48-hour mortality rates decreased among patients with septic shock (21.2% to 10.8%) and septic shock with acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (19.1% to 13.4%) but increased among patients with acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (7.9% to 9.8%; p value for all trends, < 0.001). Three-to-14-day mortality decreased among patients with septic shock (22.1% to 15.5%), septic shock with acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (28.7% to 22.4%) and acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (16.8% to 15.0%; p value for all trends, < 0.001). Mortality after 14 days decreased among all groups (septic shock: 12.6% to 6.7%; septic shock with acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation: 20.3% to 11.3%; and acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation: 12.7% to 5.8%; p value for all trends, < 0.001). Cox proportional hazard ratio for declining risk in mortality per year (adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics) was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.96–0.96) for septic shock, 0.97 (0.97–0.97) for acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and septic shock, and 0.99 (0.99–0.99) for acute respiratory failure receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:
Septic shock 48-hour, 3–14-day and greater than 14-day mortality declined markedly over two decades; in contrast, patients with acute respiratory failure only experienced marked decreases in greater than 14-day in-hospital mortality rates.
Treatment of Hypertrophic Granulation Tissue: A Literature Review
Authors: Hirotsu Kelsey , Kannan Swati , Brian Jiang Shang I 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND
Hypertrophic granulation tissue (HGT) is an uncommon but a frustrating complication of wound healing. Given its low prevalence and often refractory nature, many treatment options have been explored.

OBJECTIVE
No comprehensive review exists on HGT management in dermatology literature; thus, the authors hope to compile a review of available treatments.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An exhaustive key word search of 3 databases was performed for treatment of HGT. Results from these reports were summarized in this review.

RESULTS
Methods of treatment included silver nitrate, topical steroids (n = 11), intralesional steroids (n = 55), steroid tape (n = 25), surgical removal, polyurethane foam dressing (n = 32), and pulsed-dye laser (n = 13).

CONCLUSION
With all treatment methods, the cases and studies reported varying degrees of successful treatment with HGT reduction. Given the lack of published literature, it remains unknown whether the initial injury preceding HGT formation determines treatment modality success. For HGT refractory to silver nitrate, choice of treatment depends on accessibility, ease of use, cost, and location of the wound. Intralesional and topical steroids should both be considered. Polyurethane foam can be considered an adjunct treatment. If resources allow, laser treatment should also be considered.
Use of Topical and Systemic Retinoids in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Update and Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Herold Mitchell , Good Allison J. , Nielson Colton B. , Longo Maria I. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at an increased risk of epithelial malignancies, mainly squamous cell carcinoma, and its precursor lesions such as actinic keratoses, warts, and porokeratosis, which may respond to retinoid therapy.

OBJECTIVE
To review the published evidence on the efficacy and safety of topical and systemic retinoids for the treatment and prophylaxis of malignant and premalignant conditions that mostly afflict SOTRs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Systematic review of the literature to summarize the level of evidence and grade of recommendation for retinoid therapy with emphasis in the SOTR population.

RESULTS
Acitretin has the highest strength of recommendation (Grade A) for prophylaxis of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and treatment and prophylaxis of actinic keratoses in SOTR. In nonimmunosuppressed patients, acitretin and isotretinoin have a Grade B recommendation for treatment of recalcitrant warts. Topical retinoids have not shown efficacy in preventing NMSC in immunocompetent patients.

CONCLUSION
Retinoids constitute a highly efficacious alternative for the management of the most common conditions that affect SOTRs. Acitretin has the most robust evidence for chemoprophylaxis in SOTRs. Knowledge about the specific indications and expected side effects of topical and systemic retinoids may help optimize their therapeutic potential.
Lumen Diameter and Associated Anatomy of the Superior Labial Artery With a Clinical Application to Dermal Filler Injection
Authors: Money Silas M. , Wall Weston B. , Davis Loretta S. , Edmondson Anna C. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND
Vascular compromise and subsequent tissue necrosis is a rare but disfiguring complication of dermal filler injection that frequently occurs in regions of the lip and nasolabial fold supplied by the superior labial artery (SLA).

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine lumen diameter and other anatomical features of the SLA relevant to dermal filler injection in the clinical setting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighteen adult cadavers were dissected. Detailed measurements of the SLA were taken at predetermined points along its course.

RESULTS
Lumen diameter of the SLA was largest at the labial commissure (0.85 ± 0.34 mm; Point P1) and smallest at the midline (0.56 ± 0.21 mm; Point P4). The deepest mean cutaneous depth of the SLA was at its branch point from the facial artery (5.49 ± 1.95 mm; SLA branch point), whereas the most superficial mean cutaneous depth was at the midpoint between the labial commissure and peak of Cupid's bow (4.29 ± 1.54 mm; Point P2).

CONCLUSION
The variable, superficial course of the SLA and its large caliber place it at significant risk for intra-arterial injection with dermal filler at all points along its course.
Comparison of 2-Octylcyanoacrylate Versus 5-0 Fast-Absorbing Gut During Linear Wound Closures and the Effect on Wound Cosmesis
Authors: Zhuang Anne R. , Beroukhim Kourosh , Armstrong April W. , Sivamani Raja K. , Eisen Daniel B. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND
Although the use of 2-octylcyanoacrylate (OCA) in cutaneous surgery offers increased efficiency, there is scant data comparing scar outcomes achieved with OCA versus 5-0 fast-absorbing gut suture (FG).

OBJECTIVE
To compare scar cosmesis achieved with OCA versus FG for surgical wound closure.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 44 patients with postoperative defects of at least 3 cm were included. Half of each wound was randomized to receive closure with either OCA or FG. At 3 months, patients and 2 blinded observers evaluated each scar using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS).

RESULTS
The total observer POSAS score (mean [SD]) for the side repaired with OCA (12.3 [4.72]) and the side that received FG (11.6 [4.36]) did not differ significantly (p = .40). There was no significant difference in the total patient POSAS scores between closure with OCA (14.9 [8.67]) and FG (14.6 [8.90]) (p = .70). Based on observer POSAS scores, scar pigmentation was significantly worse on the scar half repaired with OCA (1.98 [0.91]) compared with FG (1.79 [0.80]) (p = .05).

CONCLUSION
With the exception of inferior scar pigmentation with OCA, there was no statistically significant difference in wound cosmesis after linear wound closure with OCA versus FG.
Downward Rotation of the Capsulopalpebral Fascia, Orbital Septum, and Orbital Fat Complex: A New Technique for Lower Eyelid Rejuvenation
Authors: Huang Zhenying , Lee Yongkuk , Yan Gen , Wang Kai 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Filling of the orbitomalar sulcus through fat conservation and relocation is important for the lower eyelid rejuvenation procedure and has been reported on extensively. This study aimed to introduce a new technique—downward rotation of the capsulopalpebral fascia, septum, and fat complex in lower eyelid blepharoplasty to correct orbitomalar sulcus depression.

Methods:
Eighty-six patients who underwent transcutaneous lower eyelid blepharoplasty for cosmetic purposes from March 2015 to March 2016 were included in this study. The results were evaluated based on pre- and postoperative photographs, surgical records, and questionnaires.

Results:
The patients had no permanent or major complications. There were no fat hernia recurrences, diplopia, fat granulomas, or soft tissue irregularities. Approximately 98% of the patients were satisfied with the outcome.

Conclusions:
This technique more completely fills the orbitomalar sulcus and reinforces the anterior wall of the lower lid septum with capsulopalpebral fascia by rotating the orbital fat downward with the septum and capsulopalpebral fascia. Thus, it lowers the recurrence rate of the lower lid fat hernia and does not require fat removal. In particular, it has a distinct advantage in terms of the correction of the orbitomalar sulcus depression in reoperation cases, especially in patients who undergo fat removal or those with excessive fat removal.