bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysyl oxidase induces epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and predicts intrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Umezaki Naoki , Nakagawa Shigeki , Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Kitano Yuki , Arima Kota , Miyata Tatsunori , Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Okabe Hirohisa , Nitta Hidetoshi , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Imai Katsunori , Chikamoto Akira , Baba Hideo 
Published: March 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high recurrence rates even after curative hepatectomy. Drug therapy for recurrence of HCC is still limited; therefore, identifying new therapeutic targets is urgently needed. We searched for genes that would predict HCC recurrence from intrahepatic metastasis in an exhaustive DNA microarray database by searching genes associated with high early recurrence rate and having higher expression in the tumor area compared to background liver. We detected lysyl oxidase (LOX) and validated the clinical significance of LOX in 358 patients who underwent hepatectomy. Expression of LOX was evaluated by qRT‐ PCR, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. High LOX expression group had a significantly higher recurrence rate than the low LOX expression group (2‐year recurrence rate was 64.0% vs 24.2%, P < .0001 for IHC) and poorer survival rate (5‐year rate was 60.1% vs 86.2%, P < .0001 for IHC). Multivariate analysis showed that high LOX expression was an independent risk factor for early recurrence (IHC: HR, 2.52; P < .0001). Bioinformatic analysis showed that LOX expression was associated with hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and the hypoxia cascade, suggesting that HIF‐1α or hypoxia regulates LOX expression and induces epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, LOX and HIF‐1α were involved in migration and invasion capability. High LOX expression is associated with EMT markers and predicts early recurrence and poor survival in patients with HCC. These findings indicate that lysyl oxidase could be a potential therapeutic target for early recurrence of HCC.
The State of the Art in Multilayer Network Visualization
Authors: McGee F. , Ghoniem M. , Melançon G. , Otjacques B. , Pinaud B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractModelling relationship between entities in real‐world systems with a simple graph is a standard approach. However, reality is better embraced as several interdependent subsystems (or layers). Recently, the concept of a multilayer network model has emerged from the field of complex systems. This model can be applied to a wide range of real‐world data sets. Examples of multilayer networks can be found in the domains of life sciences, sociology, digital humanities and more. Within the domain of graph visualization, there are many systems which visualize data sets having many characteristics of multilayer graphs. This report provides a state of the art and a structured analysis of contemporary multilayer network visualization, not only for researchers in visualization, but also for those who aim to visualize multilayer networks in the domain of complex systems, as well as those developing systems across application domains. We have explored the visualization literature to survey visualization techniques suitable for multilayer graph visualization, as well as tools, tasks and analytic techniques from within application domains. This report also identifies the outstanding challenges for multilayer graph visualization and suggests future research directions for addressing them.
Increased urinary glucose excretion is associated with a reduced risk of hyperuricaemia
Authors: Chen J. , Qiu S.‐H. , Guo H.‐J. , Li W. , Sun Z.‐L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the association of urinary glucose excretion with levels of serum uric acid in adults with newly diagnosed diabetes.MethodsA total of 597 people with newly diagnosed diabetes, confirmed in an oral glucose tolerance test, were included in the present study. The participants were divided into two groups: 142 participants with low urinary glucose excretion and 455 with high urinary glucose excretion. Demographic characteristics and clinical variables were evaluated. The association of urinary glucose excretion with uric acid was analysed using multivariable regression analysis.ResultsThe low urinary glucose excretion group had a significantly higher prevalence of hyperuricaemia than the high urinary glucose excretion group. Moreover, urinary glucose excretion was negatively associated with uric acid level. The correlation remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders, including gender, age, fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h plasma glucose and BMI. The results also showed that participants with high urinary glucose excretion were at decreased risk of hyperuricaemia (odds ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.27–0.80; P = 0.006).ConclusionUrinary glucose excretion was independently associated with uric acid level in participants with newly diagnosed diabetes. In addition to lowering blood glucose, promoting urinary glucose excretion may also be an effective approach to reducing serum uric acid levels, especially for people with diabetes complicated with hyperuricaemia.
Florivory by a floriphilic katydid,Phaneroptera brevis, induces changes in a leaf trait inLantana camara
Authors: Goh Cherry Pei Shan , Tan Ming Kai , Tan Hugh Tiang Wah 
Published: March 2019

1. Plants can induce a response when they are attacked by herbivores. Although the induction of responses by herbivory in both flowers and leaves is relatively well studied, whether florivory (feeding of flowers) can also induce responses in flowers and leaves is less well explored and there are still unanswered questions. These include whether plants exhibit different levels of induced responses depending on the length of exposure to the florivores.2. To address this knowledge gap, this study used a tropical floriphilic katydid,Phaneroptera brevis, and its non‐native food plant,Lantana camara. Nursery experiments were performed in which dry matter content and anthocyanin concentration of the flower (corolla and stamens), leaf dry matter content, and leaf blade punch resistance were measured at three time phases before and after exposing the plant to the katydid individuals for 0–7 days.3. It was demonstrated that increasing the length (days) of exposure to the katydid individual leads to higher levels of induced plant response (leaf blade punch resistance), but only in the leaves. It was also shown that higher levels of induced plant response owing to the increase in the length of exposure to the katydid individual was not observed beyond the first set of leaves developed after the exposure.4. These results address the knowledge gap and show that plants can exhibit different levels of induced responses depending on the length of exposure to florivores. This study thus highlights the far‐reaching importance of florivory on plants.
A review on the relation between soil and mycotoxins: Effect of aflatoxin on field, food and finance
Authors: Winter Gal , Pereg Lily 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSoil phytopathogenic fungi are principally associated with crop diseases; however, the effects of fungal infection may extend beyond the field to human and animal consumers putting their health at risk. Mycotoxigenic fungi can produce secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, which are considered to be toxic when present in human food and animal feed. Mycotoxins are characterized as odourless and tasteless compounds, thus their identification in food is difficult. Furthermore, mycotoxins are heat resistant and tolerate a wide range of pH, making them hard to breakdown. In this review we follow the fates of mycotoxins from the ecology of their producers in the soil to pre‐harvest occurrence in host plants, postharvest in storage and their effect on human well‐being, focusing on aflatoxin as a case study. Aflatoxin production begins in the soil, the natural habitat of toxin‐producing fungi of the Aspergillus spp., and its production is influenced by agricultural practices, environmental conditions and fungal interaction with the plant. The fungi are further dispersed during storage, which leads to a vast increase in toxin concentration during the storage period. Aflatoxin may then be consumed by humans or animals in raw or processed foods and feeds, respectively. Animal consumption of the toxin might carry over to humans in animal food products, such as milk. Once consumed, various forms of aflatoxin are recognized as human carcinogens and exposure is mainly associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of mycotoxins in foods also carries severe economic implications because of the loss of crops, the cost of analysis and enforcement of a regulatory system. This review provides a critical analysis of each of these stages and highlights the importance of understanding soil–fungal–plant interactions as key steps in the development of successful strategies to minimize mycotoxin exposure.Highlights
Mycotoxins are produced by soil‐borne fungi during pre‐ and post‐harvest stages.
Mycotoxins reach human diet directly by contamination of foods or indirectly through animal feeds.
Chronic and acute exposure to mycotoxins is a major health hazard.
Economic impact from mycotoxin contamination exceeds US$1 billion.
Beyond the “Crazy House”: Mental/Moral Breakdowns and Moral Agency in First‐Episode Psychosis
Authors: Myers Neely 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper draws on a two‐year, longitudinal, prospective study of 38 young people diagnosed with early psychosis. It focuses on one young Mexican‐American woman, Ariana, over a five month period during and after her initial hospitalization for a psychotic break. I trace Ariana's moral experiences as she goes through a process of “moral breakdown” and moral rejuvenation (Zigon 2007). Ariana uses moral experiments and “ordinary ethics” to re‐imagine herself as a good person living a good life beyond the limitations of her diagnosis, prescriptions for her treatment, and the reaction of her broader community to her experience (Lambek 2010; Robbins 2013; Mattingly 2014). Her work exposes the importance and potential of intersubjective moral experimentation for healing. This paper also looks closely at the moral entanglements of the ethnographer and interlocutor to re‐imagine the ways ethnographic work can help us all mutually repair moral wounds.
Injury modifies the fate of hair follicle dermal stem cell progeny in a hair cycle‐dependent manner
Authors: Abbasi Sepideh , Biernaskie Jeff 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe dermal papilla (DP) is one of two principal mesenchymal compartments of the hair follicle (HF). We previously reported that a population of HF dermal stem cells (hfDSCs) function to regenerate the dermal sheath (DS), but intriguingly also contribute new cells to the adult DP at the onset of anagen hair growth to maintain normal cycling of HFs and support the production of large hair fibres. Here, we asked whether injury altered the behaviour of hfDSCs and their progeny in order to support wound‐induced hair growth (WIHG) and if the response was modulated by hair cycle stage. αSMACreERT2:ROSAYFP mice received tamoxifen to label the DS, including hfDSCs. Full‐thickness excisions were made on the dorsal skin during various stages of the hair cycle. The skin was harvested at the subsequent anagen. Interestingly, there was an increase in the magnitude of recruitment of hfDSC progeny into the DP after injury compared to follicles entering natural second anagen. This bias towards a DP fate only occurred when a wound was induced during certain stages of the HC. In summary, injury modifies the fate of hfDSCs progeny, biasing them towards recruitment into the DP, with the hair cycle stage also influencing this response.
Impacts of increasing nitrogen:phosphorus ratios on zooplankton community composition and whitefish (Coregonus macrophthalmus) growth in a pre‐alpine lake
Authors: Lorenz Patrick , Trommer Gabriele , Stibor Herwig 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The combination of increasing atmospheric depositions of reactive nitrogen (N) and the highly effective diminishing of external phosphorus (P) loadings can change key nutrient ratios in lake ecosystems. Consequently, ratios of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) to dissolved P (DP) in lakes are increasing. However, potential consequences for aquatic organisms are as yet far from understood.

We formulated three hypotheses on the potential effects of rising DIN:DP ratios on a lake food web: (1) increasing DIN:DP ratios intensify the P limitation of phytoplankton communities and lower their food quality; (2) densities of P rich zooplankters (e.g. cladocerans) will be negatively affected by P‐limited food algae; (3) as result, planktivorous fish will experience a reduction of their main prey (especially Daphnia species) and respond with lowered growth.

These hypotheses were tested in a mesocosm experiment conducted in a pre‐alpine lake in southern Germany, Lake Brunnensee. For 76 days, the natural phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were exposed to a wide gradient of DIN:DP ratios. At the end of the experiment, juvenile planktivorous whitefish (Coregonus macrophthalmus) were released into the mesocosms and allowed to feed on zooplankton communities for 72 hr.

Along the gradient of DIN:DP ratios, we found evidence for a rising P limitation of autotroph growth, which was indicated by increasing ratios of N:P (15:1–157:1) and C:P (91:1–797:1) in seston biomass. The rising P limitation in algae reduced the nutritional food quality for the majority of herbivorous zooplankton. Both the total zooplankton biomass and the Daphnia biomass declined substantially with increasing DIN:DP ratios. In contrast, increasing DIN:DP ratios favoured rotifer species, showing strong positive correlation with rotifer biomass. Whitefish weights decreased with increasing rotifer biomass and increased with rising Daphnia biomass in zooplankton communities.

In summary, our results provide an experimental demonstration that increasing DIN:DP ratios can cause stoichiometric shifts in the biomass of primary producers towards higher N:P and C:P ratios. Effects on zooplankton were changes in the taxonomical community composition towards lower cladoceran biomass (mainly Daphnia spp.). The reduction in Daphnia biomass in turn caused significantly reduced growth rates of whitefish in our experiment. Our experimental results therefore support the assumption that stoichiometric effects can travel up the food chain. General consequences of such multi‐trophic effects induced by altered nutrient ratios could be potentially visible during re‐oligotrophication of water bodies, often resulting in high N:P ratios. Further empirical studies could look for signatures of these effects on the yield of economically important species.
Temporal expression and functional analysis of long non‐coding RNAs in colorectal cancer initiation
Authors: Dai Lei , Li Junshu , Dong Zhexu , Liu Yi , Chen Ye , Chen Na , Cheng Lin , Fang Chao , Wang Huiling , Ji Yanhong , Chen Shuang , Su Xiaolan , Shi Gang , Lin Yi , Zhang Shuang , Yang Yang , Qiu Meng , Yu Dechao , Huang Wei , Zhou Zongguang , Wei Yuquan , Deng Hongxin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have potential applications in clinical diagnosis and targeted cancer therapies. However, the expression profile of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation is still unclear. In this study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were determined by microarray at specific tumour stages in an AOM/DSS‐induced primary colon cancer model. The temporal expression of lncRNAs was analysed by K‐means clustering. Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and gene ontology analysis were performed to construct co‐expression networks and establish functions of the identified lncRNAs and mRNAs. Our results suggested that 4307 lncRNAs and 5798 mRNAs are deregulated during CRC initiation. These differential expression genes (DEGs) exhibited a clear correlation with the differential stage of tumour initiation. WGCNA results suggested that a series of hub lncRNAs are involved in regulating cell stemness, colon inflammation, oxidative stress response and cell death at each stage. Among them, lncRNA H19 was up‐regulated in colon tumours and correlated with poor patient prognosis. Collectively, we have been the first to demonstrate the temporal expression and function of lncRNAs in CRC initiation. These results provide novel diagnosis and therapy targets for CRC.
Circulating anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase‐65 antibody titers are positively associated with the capacity of insulin secretion in acute‐onset type 1 diabetes with short duration in a Japanese population
Authors: Yamamura So , Fukui Tomoyasu , Mori Yusaku , Hayashi Toshiyuki , Yamamoto Takeshi , Ohara Makoto , Fukase Ayako , Sasamori Hiroto , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Hirano Tsutomu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo elucidate the relationship between titers of islet autoantibodies, the C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10 – a circulating chemokine that activates T‐helper 1 cells leading to β‐cell destruction – and β‐cell function in type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn total, 58 type 1 diabetes patients positive for glutamic decarboxylase‐65 autoantibodies (GADA)‐radioimmunoassay (mean age 54.1 years; 27 acute‐onset cases and 31 slowly progressive cases) were enrolled; serum C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10 (n = 50), zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (n = 50) and GADA (n = 58) by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 autoantibodies by radioimmunoassay (n = 50) were measured. The ratio of 100 × random C‐peptide (ng/mL)‐to‐plasma glucose levels (mg/dL; C‐peptide index [CPI]) was measured.ResultsThe CPI significantly decreased in both groups with the progression of disease duration. GADA titers by radioimmunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were strongly correlated with the CPI in acute‐onset type 1 diabetes patients with a shorter disease duration (≤10 years), but not in those with a longer duration or slowly progressive type 1 diabetes. Neither insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 nor zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies titers were correlated with the CPI. Serum C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10 levels in both groups were significantly higher than in non‐diabetic controls, and persisted at high levels even in those with chronic duration.ConclusionsAmong islet autoantibodies, the intensity of the humoral immune response, as defined by GADA titers, reflected the degree of residual β‐cell function in acute‐onset type 1 diabetes patients with short duration. Prolonged disease activity might accelerate β‐cell impairment in both subtypes of type 1 diabetes.
Shared decision‐making (SDM) in dentistry: A concise narrative review
Authors: Asa'ad Farah 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this review was to evaluate the implementation of shared decision‐making (SDM) in dentistry and the roles of informed consent and patient decision‐making aids (PDAs) as part of this process.Materials and MethodsA review of pertinent literature was performed using PubMed and MEDLINE to determine the current position of the application of SDM in dentistry and the influence of informed consent and PDAs on this process.ResultsLimited number of published studies on the implementation of SDM in dental practice is available. These studies demonstrated that SDM is influenced by many factors. Informed consent intertwines with the SDM process and begins with providing high quality information to patients and employing PDAs. PDAs have been developed for some dental fields to facilitate the SDM process.ConclusionsSDM is applied in dentistry and is influenced by many factors. Informed consent is an important part of this process. PDAs in more dental fields need to be further developed, in order to ensure a satisfactory integration of patients in the SDM process.
Evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model for the viral infections of fish
Authors: Rakus Krzysztof , Adamek Mikołaj , Mojżesz Miriam , Podlasz Piotr , Chmielewska‐Krzesińska Małgorzata , Duk Karolina , Kasica‐Jarosz Natalia , Kłak Katarzyna , Rakers Sebastian , Way Keith , Steinhagen Dieter , Chadzińska Magdalena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZebrafish (Danio rerio) is a laboratory model organism used in different areas of biological research including studies of immune response and host–pathogen interactions. Thanks to many biological tools available, zebrafish becomes also an important model in aquaculture research since several fish viral infection models have been developed for zebrafish. Here, we have evaluated the possible use of zebrafish to study infections with fish viruses that have not yet been tested on this model organism. In vitro studies demonstrated that chum salmon reovirus (CSV; aquareovirus A) and two alloherpesviruses cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV‐1) and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) are able to replicate in zebrafish cell lines ZF4 and SJD.1. Moreover, CSV induced a clear cytopathic effect and up‐regulated the expression of antiviral genes vig‐1 and mxa in both cell lines. In vivo studies demonstrated that both CSV and CyHV‐3 induce up‐regulation of vig‐1 and mxa expression in kidney and spleen of adult zebrafish after infection by i.p. injection but not in larvae after infection by immersion. CyHV‐3 is eliminated quickly from fish; therefore, virus clearing process could be evaluated, and in CSV‐infected fish, a prolonged confrontation of the host with the pathogen could be studied.
Effect of low‐temperature vacuum frying assisted by microwave on the property of fish fillets (Aristichthys nobilis)
Authors: Shi Hao , Zhang Min , Yang Chaohui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of microwave‐assisted vacuum frying (MVF) on the processing of bighead carp fish fillets (Aristichthys nobilis, FF) at low temperature (90 ± 2°C) and at the same vacuum degree (0.085 ± 0.002 MPa). FF were fried with vacuum frying (VF) and MVF methods at different power levels (800, 900, and 1,000 W). Parameters were used to evaluate the effect of various VF conditions on the processing of fried FF, including moisture content, oil content, color parameters (L*, a*, b*, ΔE*), texture (hardness), also scanning electron microscopy and sensory evaluation of fried FF were carried out in our study. The application of MVF significantly increased the water evaporation rate. Oil content of the fried FF reduced significantly at lower power levels (800 and 900 W), producing with more well‐distributed pores, thinner fiber interval and more desirable outlooks. Higher microwave power (1,000 W) during MVF resulted in faster moisture removal, brighter the products. Results of this study indicated that MVF is an alternative frying method for the fried FF to maintain good quality.Practical applicationsMicrowave‐assisted vacuum frying (MVF) can significantly reduce the oil content in the fish fillets on the premise of ensuring the good appearance and texture of the products, compared with the traditional frying at normal atmospheric pressure and vacuum condition. It could be applied to other aquatic products and meat products in further study. With deepening of research on microwave technology and the development of microwave instruments, MVF technology will have wide application and development prospects.