bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody–drug conjugates for ovarian cancer: current clinical development
Authors: Stewart Daphne , Cristea Mihaela 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
Antibody drug conjugates (ADC) are a novel class of cancer therapeutics, delivering cytotoxic therapy directly to cancer cells, and show promise in the management of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Herein we summarize the ADC landscape currently in clinical study.

Recent findings
Mirvetuximab Soravtansine, IMGN853, is an ADC targeting the folate receptor alpha (FRα) and has demonstrated promising single agent activity and a favorable toxicity profile in FRα-positive, platinum-resistant, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The antitumor effect is seen primarily in less heavily pretreated EOC patients with moderate-to-high FRα tumor expression. A phase III study, randomizing patients to either IMGN853 or the physician's choice of single-agent chemotherapy has completed accrual. Additional ADC are being evaluated in ovarian cancer including agents that target NaPiB2, Trop2, mesothelin, and MUC16 are in phase 1 clinical trials.

Summary
ADC bind antigens overexpressed on cancer cells and provide site-selective drug delivery, with the goal to increase therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxics while decreasing the off-target toxicity of the payloads. With appropriate antigen selection and adequate, measurable antigen threshold targets, these new agents may provide an improved strategy for overcoming resistance to standard chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.
Application of muon tomography to fuel cask monitoring
Authors: Poulson Dan , Bacon Jeff , Durham Matt , Guardincerri Elena , Morris C. L. , Trellue Holly R. 
Published: December 2018

Long-term monitoring of spent fuel stored in dry cask storage is currently achieved through the use of seals and surveillance. Muon tomography can provide direct imaging that may be useful in cases where what is known as Continuity of Knowledge (CoK) has been lost using the former methods. Over the past several years, a team from Los Alamos National Laboratory has been studying the use of muon scattering and stopping to examine spent fuel in dry cask storage. Data taken on a partially loaded Westinghouse MC-10 fuel cask have demonstrated that muon scattering radiography can detect missing fuel assemblies. A model, validated by this data, shows that tomographic reconstructions of the fuel can be obtained in relatively short exposures. Model fitting algorithms have been developed for dealing with datasets with limited angular that appear to work well. Here we show that muon tomography can provide a fingerprint of a loaded fuel cask, because of its sensitivity to both the density and atomic charge of the spent fuel, and that it is sensitive to many diversion scenarios.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.
Muon geotomography: selected case studies
Authors: Schouten Doug 
Published: December 2018

Muon attenuation in matter can be used to infer the average material density along the path length of muons underground. By mapping the intensity of cosmic ray muons with an underground sensor, a radiographic image of the overburden above the sensor can be derived. Multiple such images can be combined to reconstruct a three-dimensional density model of the subsurface. This article summarizes selected case studies in applying muon tomography to mineral exploration, which we call muon geotomography.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.
Investigation of the limits of high-definition muography for observation of Mt Sakurajima
Authors: Oláh László , Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. , Hamar Gergő , Varga Dezső 
Published: December 2018

A multi-wire proportional chamber-based muo- graphy observatory is under development for the monitoring of the internal structure of Mt Sakurajima in Kyushu, Japan. We investigated the limits of large-scale and high-definition muography. We adjusted the parameters of a modified Gaisser model and found that the spectral index of
γ
=  − 2.64 and normalization factor of
C
= 0.66 reproduce more accurately the measured fluxes than the original parameters at large thickness. A thickness and zenith angle-dependent correction is suggested to the measured muon flux due to the energy cut which is introduced to suppress the background particles. The multiple scattering of muons was simulated across the standard rock and sea-level atmosphere up to the distance of 5 km. We found that multiple scattering decreases from 10 mrad to 4 mrad across the rock due to the decrease in the steepness of muon spectra. The multiple scattering falls down to about 2 mrad after the object in the atmosphere due to the increase in observed arrival zenith angles. The 2 m
2
sized multi-wire proportional chamber-based Muographic Observation System (MMOS) was operating between February and June 2018. Three tracking systems operated reliably with tracking efficiencies of above 95%. The muon flux has been measured correctly down to 10
−3
m
−2
sr
−1
s
−1
. The average density map of Mt Sakurajima has been measured with angular resolution of 12 mrad × 12 mrad (spatial resolution of 34 m × 34 m from the distance of 2.8 km). The average density values were found between 1.4 and 2 g cm
−3
, except at the crater regions where lower densities were observed.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.
Imaging the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore using cosmic rays
Authors: Guardincerri E. , Bacon J. D. , Barros N. , Blasi C. , Bonechi L. , Chen A. , D'Alessandro R. , Durham J. M. , Fine M. , Mauger C. , Mayers G. , Morris C. , Newcomer F. M. , Okasinski J. , Pizzico T. , Plaud-Ramos K. , Poulson D. C. , Reilly M. B. , Roberts A. , Saeid T. , Vaccaro V. , Van Berg R. 
Published: December 2018

The dome of Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence Cathedral, was built between 1420 and 1436 by architect Filippo Brunelleschi and it is now cracking under its own weight. Engineering efforts are under way to model the dome's structure and reinforce it against further deterioration. According to some scholars, Brunelleschi might have built reinforcement structures into the dome itself; however, the only known reinforcement is a wood chain 7.75 m above the springing of the Cupola. Multiple scattering muon radiography is a non-destructive imaging method that can be used to image the interior of the dome's wall and therefore ascertain the layout and status of any iron substructure in it. A demonstration measurement was performed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory on a mock-up wall to show the feasibility of the work proposed, and a lightweight and modular imaging system is currently under construction. We will discuss here the results of the demonstration measurement and the potential of the proposed technique, describe the imaging system under construction and outline the plans for the measurement.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.
Muography applications developed by IFIN-HH
Authors: Mitrica Bogdan , Stanca Denis , Cautisanu Bogdan , Niculescu-Oglinzanu Mihai , Balaceanu Alexandru , Gherghel-Lascu Alexandru , Munteanu Andreea , Saftoiu Alexandra , Mosu Toma , Margineanu Romul , Alkotbe Bashar 
Published: December 2018

Cosmic-ray muons have been studied at IFIN-HH for more than 20 years. Starting as fundamental physics research, the muon flux measurements bring new directions of study regarding muography. Two new directions have been recently developed: underground muon scanning of old mining sites in order to detect the possible presence of unknown cavities and underwater scanning of ships in commercial harbours in order to prevent the illegal traffic of radioactive materials. The main goal of the first direction of study is to improve the security of underground civilian and industrial infrastructures, by starting the development of a new, innovative detection system that can be used to identify potentially dangerous conditions using a non-invasive, totally safe method. The method proposed uses information provided by a device placed underground that measures directional cosmic muon flux and identifies anomalies produced by irregularities in the geological layers above. For the second direction of study, the method proposed is based on the detection and analysis of the cosmic muon flux. The high-density materials (uranium, lead—used for radiation shielding, etc.) cause a decrease in the directional muon flux. The detection system will be submerged underneath the ship that will be scanned, being able to locate illegal radioactive materials without exposing any personnel to radiation or contamination. Correlated with simulations based on the known configuration of the ship scanned, the data provided by the detection system will provide the location and dimensions of the undeclared material transported.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.
Overview of muographers
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. , Oláh László 
Published: December 2018

By observing the growth of a research community, particularly the factors of size and strength of involvement, it is possible to evaluate the vitality of a new field. The emerging technology of muography, a new visualization technique to look through gigantic objects with an elementary particle called the muon, is the focus of this study. Recently, the initial applications of muography to the study of structures such as pyramids and volcanoes have been expanding to include more commercial interests such as inspecting social infrastructures and energy and mineral resources. Evolutions of the research networks of muography will be discussed with particular attention to the chronological and lateral structures that could be an indicator of the development of this new technology.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.
A novelqacAallele results in an elevated chlorhexidine glu conate minimum inhibitory concentration in cutaneousStaphylococcus epidermidisisolates
Authors: Addetia Amin , Greninger Alexander L , Adler Amanda , Yuan Shuhua , Makhsous Negar , Qin Xuan , Zerr Danielle M 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is a topical antiseptic widely used in healthcare settings. InStaphylococcusspp., the pump QacA effluxes CHG, while the closely related QacB cannot due to a single amino acid substitution. We characterized 1,050 cutaneousStaphylococcusisolates obtained from 173 pediatric oncology patients enrolled in a multicenter CHG bathing trial. CHG susceptibility testing revealed 63 (6%) of these isolates had elevated CHG MICs (≥ 4 μg/mL). Screening of all 1,050 isolates forqacA/Bby restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) yielded 56 isolates with a novelqacA/BRFLP pattern,qacAB273. The CHG MIC was significantly higher forqacAB273-positive isolates (MIC50: 4 μg/mL, [range: 0.5 – 4 μg/mL]) compared to otherqacgroups:qacA-positive (n=559, 1 μg/mL, [0.5 – 4 μg/mL]),qacB-positive (n=17, 1 μg/mL, [0.25 – 2 μg/mL]), andqacA/B-negative (n=418, 1 μg/mL, [0.125 – 2 μg/mL], p=0.001). TheqacAB273-positive isolates also displayed a high proportion of methicillin resistance (96.4%) compared to otherqacgroups (24.9 – 61.7%, p=0.001). Whole genome sequencing revealed thatqacAB273-positive isolates encoded a variant of QacA with 2 amino acid substitutions. This new allele, namedqacA4, was carried on the novel plasmid pAQZ1. TheqacA4-carrying isolates belonged to the highly resistantS. epidermidisclone ST2 and were collected from multiple centers across the United States and Canada. Curing an isolate ofqacA4resulted in a four-fold decrease in the CHG MIC, confirming the role ofqacA4in the elevated CHG MIC. Our results highlight the importance of further studyingqacA4and its functional role in clinical staphylococci.ImportanceStaphylococcus epidermidisis an important cause of infections in patients with implanted devices. Bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), a topical antiseptic, has been shown to reduce rates of device-associated infections, especially those caused byS. epidermidis. InS. epidermidis, reduced susceptibility to CHG is associated with carriage of theqacAgene. As part of a multicenter CHG bathing trial, we obtained cutaneousStaphylococcusisolates from pediatric oncology patients across the United States and Canada. We identified a group of isolates capable of surviving in higher concentrations of CHG and determined a novel allele ofqacA, termedqacA4and carried on the novel plasmid pAQZ1, was responsible for the isolates’ survival in higher CHG concentrations. TheqacA4-carryingS. epidermidisisolates belonged to the highly resistant and virulent ST2 clonal type. Our results highlight the need to understand the global distribution of novelqacAalleles, includingqacA4, and their mechanistic effect on efflux.
A second order numerical method for singularly perturbed delay parabolic partial differential equation
Authors: Govindarao Lolugu , Mohapatra Jugal 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a robust second-order numerical scheme for singularly perturbed delay parabolic convection–diffusion initial boundary value problem.

Design/methodology/approach
For the parabolic convection-diffusion initial boundary value problem, the authors solve the problem numerically by discretizing the domain in the spatial direction using the Shishkin-type meshes (standard Shishkin mesh, Bakhvalov–Shishkin mesh) and in temporal direction using the uniform mesh. The time derivative is discretized by the implicit-trapezoidal scheme, and the spatial derivatives are discretized by the hybrid scheme, which is a combination of the midpoint upwind scheme and central difference scheme.

Findings
The authors find a parameter-uniform convergent scheme which is of second-order accurate globally with respect to space and time for the singularly perturbed delay parabolic convection–diffusion initial boundary value problem. Also, the Thomas algorithm is used which takes much less computational time.

Originality/value
A singularly perturbed delay parabolic convection–diffusion initial boundary value problem is considered. The solution of the problem possesses a regular boundary layer. The authors solve this problem numerically using a hybrid scheme. The method is parameter-uniform convergent and is of second order accurate globally with respect to space and time. Numerical results are carried out to verify the theoretical estimates.
Heat transfer of incompressible flow in a rotating microchannel with slip boundary conditions of second order
Authors: Avramenko A.A. , Dmitrenko N.P. , Shevchuk I.V. , Tyrinov A.I. , Shevchuk V.I. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The paper aims to consider heat transfer in incompressible flow in a rotating flat microchannel with allowance for boundary slip conditions of the first and second order. The novelty of the paper encompasses analytical and numerical solutions of the problem, with the latter based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The analytical solution of the problem includes relations for the velocity and temperature profiles and for the Nusselt number depending on the rotation rate of the microchannel and slip velocity. It was demonstrated that the velocity profiles at high rotation rates transform from parabolic to M-shaped with a minimum at the channel axis. The temperature profiles tend to become uniform (i.e. almost constant). An increase in the channel rotation rate contributes to the increase in the Nusselt number. An increase in the Prandtl number causes a similar effect. The trend caused by the effect of the second-order slip boundary conditions depends on the closure hypothesis. It is shown that heat transfer in a flat microchannel can be successfully modeled using the LBM methodology, which takes into account the second-order boundary conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on the comparisons of an analytical solution and a numerical solution, which employs the lattice Boltzmann method. Both mathematical approaches used the first-order and second-order slip boundary conditions. The results obtained using both methods agree well with each other.

Findings
The analytical solution of the problem includes relations for the velocity and temperature profiles and for the Nusselt number depending on the rotation rate of the microchannel and slip velocity. It was demonstrated that the velocity profiles at high rotation rates transform from parabolic to M-shaped with a minimum at the channel axis. The temperature profiles tend to become uniform (i.e. almost constant). The increase in the channel rotation rate contributes to the increase in the Nusselt number. An increase in the Prandtl number causes the similar effect. The trend caused by the effect of the second-order slip boundary conditions depends on the closure hypothesis. It is shown that heat transfer in a flat microchannel can be successfully modeled using the LBM methodology, which considers the second-order boundary conditions.

Originality/value
The novelty of the paper encompasses analytical and numerical solutions of the problem, whereas the latter are based on the LBM.
Assessment of thermal protective performance of firefighter’s clothing by a sweating manikin in low-level radiation
Authors: Lei Zhongxiang , Qian Xiaoming , Zhang Xianglong 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the thermal protective performance of firefighter’s clothing by a sweating manikin in low-level radiation.

Design/methodology/approach
A new method and a novel objective index based on measurements of the sweating thermal manikin are proposed to measure the thermal protection performance of firefighter’s clothing under low-level radiation exposure of 3.0 kW/m2. Finally, the effect of thermal insulation on thermal protective performance of firefighter’s clothing was analyzed.

Findings
The results reveal that the new index which used the changing rate of core temperature of the clothed manikin is a vital indicator of the thermal protection performance. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that there is a linear correlation between thermal protection performance of firefighter’s clothing and the thermal insulation.

Originality/value
A new method and a novel objective index are proposed to quantify the thermal protective performance of firefighter’s clothing in low-level radiation.
Re-orienting the paradigm: path dependence in FDI theory and the emerging multinationals
Authors: Knoerich Jan 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how path dependence in the evolution of major theories of foreign direct investment (FDI) locked in a theoretical perspective of the multinational enterprise that focused on asset-exploitation. This perspective is challenged by recent contradicting observations of multinationals from China and other emerging economies. A decisive re-orientation of FDI theory is proposed as a way forward to resolve this tension.Design/methodology/approachPlacing FDI theories into the context of FDI patterns prevailing at the time they were developed, Thomas Kuhn’s framework on the evolution of scientific knowledge is employed to track how the mainstream FDI theory emerged, went through a period of normal science and then approached a crisis of science in this field.FindingsThe evolution of FDI theory is strongly path-dependent, which made it difficult for theory to effectively incorporate new conceptual discoveries and empirical findings about the nature of FDI activity.Originality/valueFDI theory would benefit from a full re-orientation to a demand-oriented perspective which places the pursuit of advantages, assets, resources, etc., at the core of the theory. Such a change is implicit in many recent theoretical advances and would assure theory is generalizable to all types of FDI.
The influence of roughness distribution characteristic on the lubrication performance of textured cylinder liners
Authors: Yin Bifeng , Zhou Huiqin , Xu Bo , Jia Hekun 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the coupling mechanism of the roughness distribution characteristic and surface textures on the cylinder liner.

Design/methodology/approach
The cylinder liner-piston ring lubrication model with non-Gaussian roughness distribution surface was proposed in this paper to find the optimum cylinder liner surface. The motored engine tests were carried out to verify the simulation results.

Findings
The calculation and experiment results show that the large negative skewness surface has the optimal lubrication performance in the un-textured liner, while in the textured liner, the small negative skewness surface is more appropriate, which means surface textures couple with small negative skewness surface can improve the lubrication performance.

Originality/value
Although there are some works related to liner surface roughness and textures, the combine of roughness distribution and surface textures is not usually taken into account. Therefore, this research is different from others, as the present model considers with real non-Gaussian roughness distribution liners.
Special WSMC edition paper
Authors: Kutin Jozica Johanna , Reid Mike , Russell Roslyn 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate how economic abuse manifests in young adult relationships from the perspective of practice experts to inform the role of social marketing in economic abuse prevention. Practitioners were asked for their views on prevention strategies at the individual, relationship, community and societal levels.

Design methodology/approach
Twenty-four experts were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Thematic analysis was undertaken.

Findings
Experts reported that young adults experienced economic exploitation, adverse economic entanglement and economic control. Young adults’ frame of reference was a challenge for practitioners. Experts believed that more work needed to be done to improve the financial literacy of young adults.

Research limitations/implications
Practitioner views provide one side of the story. A separate study has been established interviewing young adults to explore these issues further.

Practical implications
The authors argue that prevention and intervention strategies need to focus on young adults who are in their critical relationship formation stage. The identified attitudinal factors present a challenge to policy, prevention and service providers.

Originality/value
The authors shift the attention from service engaged women leaving violent relationships to young adults who have not sought assistance from community or domestic violence services. In doing so, they highlight the importance of the relationship formation phase. This paper raises the challenge for social marketers to consider appropriate prevention and intervention programmes for this cohort. Current and future campaigns and programmes need to be designed and evaluated with an economic abuse lens.
Strategies for competing in markets enabled by digital platforms
Authors: Ikeda Kazuaki , Marshall Anthony 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The article examines four strategies for creating competitive advantage in markets enabled by digital platforms.

Design/methodology/approach
The four strategies are assessed: 10; Strategy 1: The Digital Industrialist - hardware-data-experience. 10;Strategy 2: The Digital Consumer - experience-data-platform-hardware. 10;Strategy 3: The Data Acquirer - buy data (D). 10;Strategy 4: The Platform over Platform (PoP).

Findings
By offering their customers even more compelling and unique cross-platform experiences, platform over platform entrants can create new mega-platform environments, overarching existing, otherwise successful platform environments.

Practical implications
By expanding and deepening their customers’ engagement, platform over platform businesses might ultimately relegate some existing platforms to digital infrastructure – providing the pipes and plumbing for customers empowered to jump seamlessly across and between platforms with the support and encouragement of their platform over platform orchestrators.