bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TiO2‐Phase‐Mediated Size Effect of Rh Nanoparticles on Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Liao Yanlin , Guo Qiaoqi , Sun Wenzheng , Yang Hui , Xu Jun , Luo Ying , Wang Qiang , Wang Zheng , He Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation on TiO2‐based catalysts has drawn extensive attention. However, few reports have focused on the impact of particle size of the active sites by altering TiO2 crystal phase on the CO2 hydrogenation activity. Herein, we successfully regulated Rh nanoparticle size by adjusting the crystal phases of TiO2 at different calcination temperatures and obtained impressive photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation performance. Notably, the anatase‐phase TiO2 loaded with Rh nanoparticles achieved a CH4 production rate of 2.7 mmol h−1 with nearly 100 % selectivity and a single‐pass CO2 conversion rate of 69.4 %. Given the anatase‐phase TiO2 is more favorable for the presence of surface hydroxyl groups and oxygen vacancies, which can facilitate the distribution of Rh cations, Rh nanoparticles on the anatase‐phase TiO2 exhibited the smallest sizes. Small Rh particle size further enhanced CO2 adsorption and activation, leading to high photothermal CO2 hydrogenation performance. Furthermore, the optimized Rh nanoparticle‐loaded anatase‐phase TiO2 catalyst exhibited high structural stability and resistance to coke accumulation, maintaining stability during long‐term performance tests. This work investigated the particle size effect of active sites adjusted by crystal phase of light‐harvesting materials on the photothermal catalytic performance, providing guidance for the preparation of effective catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to CH4.
Social capital as a catalyst for gender inequality: A scoping review of networking disparities in academic medicine
Authors: Callander Jacquelyn K. , Johnson Daniel E. , Grandis Jennifer R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGender disparities in academic medicine persist despite gender parity among medical school graduates. Women remain underrepresented in higher academic ranks and leadership roles, with significant differences in retention, promotion, and compensation. In this scoping review, the authors explore the role of networking and social capital in exacerbating these disparities. The literature reviewed highlights the importance of networking in obtaining leadership roles, decreasing social isolation, and enhancing retention. Sponsorship, distinct from mentorship, is vital for career development and has a direct impact on professional growth. However, women are often under‐sponsored compared with men, limiting their access to influential networks. In addition, virtual networking platforms and women‐focused organizations offer promising alternatives to traditional, male‐dominated networking activities. Despite the progress made, informal networking practices and gender biases continue to exclude women from key opportunities. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing the social capital of women in academic medicine to help close the gender gap. Proposed interventions prime for further evaluation include the implementation of formal sponsorship programs, the development of structured networking opportunities, and the promotion of women‐focused organizations.
Facile Fabrication of Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐Functionalised Nickel‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks Nanoplates for Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Detection of Prostate‐Specific Antigen
Authors: Alake John , Nate Zondi , Adu Darko Kwabena , Ike Blessing Wisdom , Chauhan Ruchika , Gill Atal , Karpoormath Rajshekhar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Current study proposes the first application of nanoplate poly(acrylic acid)‐modified Nickel‐2‐Amino‐1,4‐benzene dicarboxylic (PAA−Ni−NH2BDC) for quantifying PSA in serum. The MOF surface was functional with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to supply carboxylic groups. Anti‐PSA antibodies were immobilised onto the modified electrode using EDC‐NHS chemistry facilitated by the carboxylic groups supplied by PAA. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to study the sensor's performance towards prostate‐specific antigen using 2.5 mM Fe (CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− in 0.01 M PBS as a redox probe. The immunosensor exhibited a detection limit of 1.0×10−13 μg/L with a wide linear range of 10−13 to 10−3 μg/L. The MOF′s high surface area and large pore sizes allowed the material to adsorb large quantities of the anti‐PSA antibodies for enhanced performance. Furthermore, the results from the proposed technique were highly reproducible. The PAA‐NI‐MOF may be useful for early prostate cancer detection in clinical diagnosis and monitoring.
Hierarchical Architectures by Hybridizing Ru Nanoparticles with Nitrogen/Oxygen Dual‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Advanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance
Authors: Han Yan , Lu Yanhui , Yu Xu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts is critical for advancing hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) for hydrogen production. Herein, we report a facile approach to fabricating a hierarchical catalyst featuring ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles uniformly integrated with nitrogen/oxygen co‐doped carbon nanotube aerogels (Ru‐NOCAs). Heteroatoms N and O‐modified CNTs can result in a negatively charged surface to effectively trap Ru3+ ions. Ru‐NOCAs exhibit a well‐defined hierarchical morphology facilitated by the self‐assembly of functional groups on the surface of CNTs, which enhances the interaction between Ru nanoparticles and CNTs. Due to the synergistic effect of hierarchical structure and strong interaction formation, Ru‐NOCAs show excellent catalytic activity and stability. Ru‐NOCAs catalyst demonstrates a remarkable overpotential of 41 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 57 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH and an overpotential of 68 mV with a Tafel slope of 65.8 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4. These results indicate superior catalytic efficiency and enhanced charge transfer kinetics compared to the control samples. This study highlights the effectiveness of incorporating hierarchical structures and tailored surface chemistries in electrocatalyst design, offering new avenues for optimizing HER performance and advancing hydrogen fuel technology.
Investigating the Influence of Pore Wall–Water Interactions on Proton Conductivity within Metal‐Organic Nanotubes Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Jahinge Tiron H.L. , Forbes Tori Z. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWater‐mediated proton conductivity in nanoporous materials is influenced by channel water ordering and the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of interior walls, making metal‐organic nanotubes (MONTs) useful systems for exploring these relationships due to their high crystallinity and tunable hydrophobicity. In the current study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is utilized to explore the proton conductivity on two metal organic nanotubes (UMONT and Cu‐LaMONT) with weak hydrophobic behavior that possess extended water networks within the 1‐D channels. Measurements performed at 95% RH and 20 °C indicate values of 1.63 × 10−4 S cm−1 for UMONT and 3.80 × 10−4 S cm−1 for Cu‐LaMONT, which is lower than values for walls with acidic, hydrophilic functional groups or nanotubular materials with strictly hydrophobic behavior. Proton conductivity decreases sharply with lower humidity, with Cu‐LaMONT being more sensitive to humidity changes. At low temperatures, UMONT outperforms LaMONT due to its well‐established hydrogen bonding network and hydrophobic interior. The anisotropic nature of proton conduction is also confirmed through pelletized powder sample analysis, emphasizing that the conductivity occurs through the water networks located within the 1‐D MONT channels. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding water–pore interactions and the resulting proton conductivity mechanisms to understand complex systems and design advanced materials.
Reduced Biofilm Accumulation on Implants Treated With Implantoplasty—An In Situ Trial With a Within‐Subject Comparison
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Al‐Said Mohammad , Mourad Ahmed , Mayol Magdalena , Lopes da Silva Zita , Papia Evaggelia , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate potential differences in biofilm accumulation on three different implant surfaces: turned surface (TS), modified surface (MS), and modified surface treated with implantoplasty (IPS), using a within‐subject comparison.Material and MethodsTen volunteers wore individualized splints containing three titanium implants with different surfaces (TS, MS, and IPS) on each buccal side of the splint. The implant position (anterior, central, and posterior) was randomly assigned among the three implants on each side. Volunteers were instructed to wear the splint for 72 h and to remove it only for eating, drinking, and performing standard oral hygiene; the splint itself was not cleaned. After 72 h, the implants were carefully removed from the splint, and the accumulated biofilm was assessed using a crystal violet assay by measuring intensity/absorbance at 570 nm.ResultsAll volunteers reported no deviations from the instructions. The lowest mean amount of biofilm (0.405 ± 0.07) was detected on implants of the IPS group, followed by implants of the MS (0.463 ± 0.06) and TS group (0.467 ± 0.07). A multilevel mixed‐effects linear regression analysis confirmed that implants of the IPS group accumulated a significantly lower amount of biofilm than the other surfaces (p < 0.001); however, no significant difference was detected between implants of the TS and MS groups (p = 0.806).ConclusionsImplantoplasty can generate a surface significantly less conducive to biofilm accumulation in the short term compared to pristine implants with turned or modified surfaces.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT06049121.
Evaluation of Bone Density for Primary Implant Stability Using a Newly Designed Drill: An In Vitro Study on Polyurethane Bone Blocks
Authors: Wakamatsu Kaien , Doi Kazuya , Kobatake Reiko , Oki Yoshifumi , Tsuga Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesBone density is an important factor for long‐term implant success. Peri‐implant bone density evaluation before implant placement can be useful for treatment planning, such as the selection of proper implant size or drilling protocol in each case. In this study, we aimed to establish an objective intraoperative bone density evaluation method by measuring the drilling torque value using a newly designed density measurement drill.Materials and MethodsDrilling torque value measurement was performed intraoperatively using three types of drills; two previously reported drills and a newly designed drill as a density measurement drill. Polyurethane bone blocks of different densities (D1–D4) were used in this experiment. After the measurement, implants were inserted based on the scheduled plan, and insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured to assess primary implant stability.ResultsThe drilling torque value increased with the bone blocks' density, and there were significant differences among different densities in all groups (p < 0.05). The drilling torque value showed a positive correlation with IT in all groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the drilling torque value increased with the increase in ISQ in all groups.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, a newly designed density measurement drill was able to classify D1–D4 in polyurethane bone blocks despite its narrow diameter, and an objective intraoperative bone evaluation can be achieved. An intraoperative assessment of the drilling torque value can predict primary implant stability and provide valuable information for intraoperative treatment planning, such as undersized drilling protocol and implant size change.
The Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐7, and ‐13 Gene Polymorphisms With Peri‐Implantitis in an Iranian Population: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Saremi Leila , Shahbazi Soheil , Ghaffari Mohammad Ebrahim , Esmaeili Saharnaz , Lotfipanah Shirin , Amid Reza , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesPeri‐implantitis (PI) is the most common biological issue surrounding dental implants. According to current knowledge, the aforementioned complication is not equally distributed across different populations, and gene polymorphisms might be one contributing factor. The current study aimed to examine the association between gene polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase‐ (MMP‐) 1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐7, and ‐13 with PI in an Iranian demographic.Material and MethodsThe study's sample included 50 subjects suffering from PI and 89 healthy controls. From each participant, a venous blood sample of 5 cc was obtained, and DNA was extracted. Gene polymorphisms were investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP‐PCR) combined with electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were done using the Pearson chi‐square test, odds ratio, and t‐test via SPSS version 28.ResultsThe MMP‐3 (‐1171 5A/6A) and MMP‐7 (‐181 A/G) gene polymorphisms were significantly different between the patients with PI and healthy controls (PV < 0.001 and =0.025, respectively). MMP‐1 (‐1607 1G/2G), MMP‐2 (‐1306 C/T), and MMP‐13 (‐77 A/G) gene polymorphisms did not, however, differ in terms of prevalence between the two groups (PV > 0.05). Moreover, the presence of the 6 A allele in the MMP‐3 (‐1171 5A/6A) genotype resulted in a significant decrease in PI risk (PV < 0.001).ConclusionsGene polymorphisms in the genotypes of MMP‐3 (‐1171 5A/6A) and MMP‐7 (‐181 A/G) were differential when comparing PI patients and healthy controls of the studied population.
Petrocodon gracilis (Gesneriaceae), a New Species From Southwestern Guangxi, China
Authors: Ding Tao , Liu Ming , Zhang Qiang , Wang Peng‐Fei , Huang Xing , Lin Yan‐Xiang , Pan Bo , Li Peng‐Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe genus Petrocodon is renowned for its remarkably diverse floral morphology, exhibiting a high level of disparity compared to most genera within Gesneriaceae. In this study, we present a detailed description and illustration of Petrocodon gracilis T. Ding & B. Pan, a new species with unique floral features that is native to Guangxi, China. This species is geographically close to P. jingxiensis H.S. Gao & W.B. Xu and is indistinguishable from P. jingxiensis in vegetative characteristics. However, it can be clearly distinguished from the latter by its shorter pedicels, slender tubular corolla, shorter corolla tube, distinctly unequal corolla lobes with upper ones linear and reflexed and lower ones oblanceolate, and included chiritoid‐like stigma. The presence of linear upper lobes and the chiritoid‐like stigma has not been previously reported in Petrocodon, and the emergence of this new species will further expand the morphospace occupied by this morphologically diverse genus.
Dominant species stabilize pollination services through response diversity, but not cross‐scale redundancy
Authors: Genung Mark A. , Winfree Rachael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubstantial evidence suggests that biodiversity can stabilize ecosystem function, but how it does this is less clear. In very general terms, the hypothesis is that biodiversity stabilizes function because having more species increases the role of compensatory dynamics, which occur when species in a community show different responses to the environment. Here, we focus on two forms of compensatory dynamics, cross‐scale redundancy (CSR) and response diversity (RD). CSR occurs when species respond to a disturbance at different scales such that scale‐specific disturbances do not negatively affect all species. RD occurs when species contributing to the same function show different responses to an environmental change. We developed a new analytical approach that can compare the strength of CSR and RD in the same dataset and used it to study native bee pollination of blueberry at 16 farms that varied in surrounding agricultural land use. We then asked whether CSR and RD among bee species are associated with the stability of blueberry pollination. Although CSR and RD were both present, only RD was associated with higher stability of pollination. Furthermore, the effects of RD on stability were due to a single widespread species, Andrena bradleyi, that is a specialist on blueberry and, unlike other bee species, was highly abundant at farms surrounded by intensive blueberry agriculture. Thus, the stabilizing effect we observed was attributable to an “identity effect” more than to species richness per se. Our results demonstrate how CSR and RD can be empirically measured and compared and highlight how the theoretical expectations of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning field are not always upheld when confronted with real‐world data.
An insect pheromone primes tolerance of herbivory in goldenrod plants
Authors: Yip Eric C. , Mescher Mark C. , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Tooker John F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnvironmental cues that predict increased risk of herbivory can prime plant defenses; however, few studies have explored how such cues elicit broader plant responses, including potential effects on plant growth and other resource allocations that may affect tolerance to herbivore damage. We exposed goldenrod plants (Solidago altissima) to varying concentrations of the putative sex pheromone of a gall‐inducing herbivore, which has previously been implicated in defense priming. In experiments with two plant genotypes and three herbivore populations, any level of exposure to the pheromone enhanced tolerance of galling, rescuing flower production to levels observed for ungalled plants. Exposure to low doses of the pheromone elicited greater resistance to galling than exposure to high doses, with unexposed plants exhibiting intermediate resistance, suggesting a nonlinear relationship between exposure and defense priming. These findings suggest plant responses to environmental cues associated with biotic stressors are broader and more complex than previously appreciated.
Involvement as a Polarizing Factor?—A Comprehensive Multi‐Method Analysis across Representative Datasets
Authors: Hoffstadt Madlen , Smal Iris , Maas Han van der , Garcia‐Bernardo Javier 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTComplex system models of attitudes, such as the Hierarchical Ising Opinion Model (HIOM), suggest that a person's involvement in an attitude object could be linked to attitude extremity and polarization. Despite its potential to integrate various theories of attitude change and despite the implications it could hold for attitude research, this assumption has not yet been studied systematically. We investigate the role of involvement in five large‐scale, representative surveys on general political orientation and attitudes towards the EU and COVID‐19 vaccines, conducted in 79 different countries over the last 8 years. We propose criteria to classify the degree of ideological divergence and introduce a modality detection measure suited for ordinal data and large sample sizes. We find that involvement is linked to attitude extremity and that predictions of HIOM are validated in a topic‐specific dataset on COVID‐19 vaccines. Results on political orientation and general attitudes towards the EU show either no effect of involvement or patterns that contradict HIOM's predictions. We discuss implications for the measurement of involvement, complex system models of attitudes and polarization research.
Analysis of Bifurcation Characteristics of Fractional‐Order Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
Authors: Chen Wei , Kou Wentao , Wei Zhanhong , Wang Bo , Li Qiangqiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we establish a fractional‐order direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind turbines (DPMSG) model defined by Caputo based on the fractional calculus theory to overcome the singularity and limitations of integer‐order DPMSG models. The path and characteristics of the DPMSG system entering the bifurcation and chaos caused by the internal parameter changes and external disturbances were analyzed. First, we established a nonlinear fractional‐order mathematical model of a DPMSG system. Second, a bifurcation diagram was drawn using the maximum algorithm, and the path to chaos of the system at different orders was analyzed by combining its chaotic phase portrait and temporal sequence diagram. Subsequently, the impact of variations in the system order on the chaotic features of the original system was analyzed. The internal parameter adjustments of the system and changes in the system stability under external disturbances and other external excitations were analyzed. The influence of the system on its bifurcation phenomenon and chaotic behavior under multidimensional orders was determined, and it was observed that its path into chaos was opened by period‐doubling bifurcation. Lastly, the dual‐parameter stability domain of the system order corresponding to the internal parameters of the system was obtained by determining the parameter conditions for the critical stability of the system.
Single Cell Deletion of the Transcription Factors Trps1 and Sox9 in Astrocytes Reveals Novel Functions in the Adult Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Natarajan Poornemaa , Koupourtidou Christina , de Resseguier Thibault , Thorwirth Manja , Bocchi Riccardo , Fischer‐Sternjak Judith , Gleiss Sarah , Rodrigues Diana , Myoga Michael H. , Ninkovic Jovica , Masserdotti Giacomo , Götz Magdalena 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAstrocytes play key roles in brain function, but how these are orchestrated by transcription factors (TFs) in the adult brain and aligned with astrocyte heterogeneity is largely unknown. Here we examined the localization and function of the novel astrocyte TF Trps1 (Transcriptional Repressor GATA Binding 1) and the well‐known astrocyte TF Sox9 by Cas9‐mediated deletion using Mokola‐pseudotyped lentiviral delivery into the adult cerebral cortex. Trps1 and Sox9 levels showed heterogeneity among adult cortical astrocytes, which prompted us to explore the effects of deleting either Sox9 or Trps1 alone or simultaneously at the single‐cell (by patch‐based single‐cell transcriptomics) and tissue levels (by spatial transcriptomics). This revealed TF‐specific functions in astrocytes, such as synapse maintenance with the strongest effects on synapse number achieved by Trps1 deletion and a common effect on immune response. In addition, spatial transcriptomics showed non‐cell‐autonomous effects on the surrounding cells, such as oligodendrocytes and other immune cells with TF‐specific differences on the type of immune cells: Trps1 deletion affecting monocytes specifically, while Sox9 deletion acting mostly on microglia and deletion of both TF affecting mostly B cells. Taken together, this study reveals novel roles of Trps1 and Sox9 in adult astrocytes and their communication with other glial and immune cells.