bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of psychomotor subtypes and duration of delirium on 6‐month mortality in hip‐fractured elderly patients
Authors: Bellelli Giuseppe , Carnevali Lucio , Corsi Maurizio , Morandi Alessandro , Zambon Antonella , Mazzola Paolo , Galeazzi Marianna , Bonfanti Alessandra , Massariello Francesca , Szabo Hajnalka , Oliveri Giulia , Haas Justin , d'Oro Luca Cavalieri , Annoni Giorgio 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveStudies exploring the incidence and impact of the psychomotor subtypes of postoperative delirium (POD) on the survival of hip fracture patients are few, and results are inconsistent. We sought to assess the incidence of POD subtypes and their impact, in addition to delirium duration, on 6‐month mortality in older patients after hip‐fracture surgery.MethodsThis is a prospective study involving 571 individuals admitted to an Orthogeriatric Unit within a 5‐year period with a diagnosis of hip fracture. Survival status was assessed 6 months after posthip fracture surgery. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Postoperative delirium subtypes were classified according to Lipowski's criteria. Cox regressions were used to evaluate the associations between POD subtypes, POD duration, and 6‐month mortality, adjusting for covariates.ResultsThe incidence of psychomotor POD subtypes was hypoactive 57 (10.0%), hyperactive 84 (14.7%), and mixed 79 (13.8%). Six‐month mortality rates were 8.3%, 10.7%, 36.8%, and 29.1% in the no‐delirium, hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed‐delirium subgroups, respectively. In adjusted models, the hypoactive subgroup (Hazard Ratio, HR = 3.14, 95% Confidence Intervals, CI, 1.63‐6.04) and mixed subgroup (HR = 2.89, 95% CI, 1.49‐5.62) showed high mortality rates and a significantly increased risk of mortality associated with POD duration as well.ConclusionsHyperactive delirium was the most common POD psychomotor subtype, but hypoactive and mixed POD were associated with 6‐month mortality risk. Moreover, the risk of death 6 months after surgery increased for both subgroups (hypoactive and mixed) with increasing duration of POD.
The course of apathy in late‐life depression treated with electroconvulsive therapy; a prospective cohort study
Authors: Carlier A. , van Exel E. , Dols A. , Bouckaert F. , Sienaert P. , ten Kate M. , Wattjes M.P. , Vandenbulcke M. , Stek M.L. , Rhebergen D. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesApathy, a lack of motivation, is frequently seen in older individuals, with and without depression, with substantial impact on quality of life. This prospective cohort study of patients with severe late‐life depression treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) aims to study the course of apathy and the predictive value of vascular burden and in particular white matter hyperintensities on apathy course.MethodsInformation on apathy (defined by a score of >13 on the Apathy Scale), depression severity, vascular burden, and other putative confounders was collected in at 2 psychiatric hospitals on patients with late‐life depression (aged 55 to 87 years, N = 73). MRI data on white matter hyperintensities were available in 52 patients. Possible risk factors for apathy post‐ECT were determined using regression analyses.ResultsAfter treatment with ECT, 52.0% (26/50) of the depression remitters still suffered from clinically relevant apathy symptoms. In the entire cohort, more patients remained apathetic (58.9%) than depressed (31.5%). Presence of apathy post‐ECT was not associated with higher age, use of benzodiazepines, or severity of apathy and depression at baseline. Less response in depressive symptomatology after ECT predicted post‐treatment apathy. The presence of vascular disease, diabetes mellitus and smoking, and white matter hyperintensities in the brain was not associated with post‐treatment apathy.ConclusionsApathy may perpetuate in individual patients, despite remission of depressive symptoms. In this cohort of patients with late‐life depression, post‐ECT apathy is not associated with white matter hyperintensities.
Single‐ and dual‐task performance during on‐the‐road driving at a low and moderate dose of alcohol: A comparison between young novice and more experienced drivers
Authors: Jongen Stefan , van der Sluiszen Nick N.J.J.M. , Brown Dennis , Vuurman Eric F.P.M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDriving experience and alcohol are two factors associated with a higher risk of crash involvement in young novice drivers. Driving a car is a complex task involving multiple tasks leading to dividing attention. The aim of this study was to compare the single and combined effects of a low and moderate dose of alcohol on single‐ and dual‐task performance between young novice and more experienced young drivers during actual driving. Nine healthy novice drivers were compared with 9 more experienced drivers in a three‐way, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study design. Driving performance was measured in actual traffic, with standard deviation of lateral position as the primary outcome variable. Secondary task performance was measured with an auditory word learning test during driving. Results showed that standard deviation of lateral position increased dose‐dependently at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.2 and 0.5 g/L in both novice and experienced drivers. Secondary task performance was impaired in both groups at a BAC of 0.5 g/L. Furthermore, it was found that driving performance in novice drivers was already impaired at a BAC of 0.2 g/L during dual‐task performance. The findings suggest that young inexperienced drivers are especially vulnerable to increased mental load while under the influence of alcohol.
Comparative analysis and optimization of protocols for producing recombinant lentivirus carrying the anti‐Her2 chimeric antigen receptor gene
Authors: Yuan Weihua , Chen Jie , Cao Ying , Yang Lingcong , Shen Luxi , Bian Qi , Bin Shufang , Li Panyuan , Cao Jiawei , Fang Hezhi , Gu Haihua , Li Hongzhi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe production of anti‐Her2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells needs to be optimized to make it a reliable therapy.MethodsThree types of lentiviral vectors expressing anti‐Her2 CAR together with packaging plasmids were co‐transfected into 293 T‐17 cells. The vector with the best packaging efficiency was selected, and the packaging cell culture system and packaging plasmid system were optimized. Centrifugation speed was optimized for the concentration of lentivirus stock. The various purification methods used included membrane filtration, centrifugation with a sucrose cushion and the novelly‐designed instantaneous high‐speed centrifugation. The recombinant lentiviruses were transduced into human peripheral T cells with an optimized multiplicity of infection (MOI). CAR expression levels by three vectors and the efficacy of CAR‐T cells were compared.ResultsWhen co‐transfected, packaging cells in suspension were better than the commonly used adherent culture condition, with the packaging system psPAX2/pMD2.G being better than pCMV‐dR8.91/pVSV‐G. The optimal centrifugation speed for concentration was 20 000 g, rather than the generally used ultra‐speed. Importantly, adding instantaneous centrifugation for purification significantly increased human peripheral T cell viability (from 13.25% to 62.80%), which is a technical breakthrough for CAR‐T cell preparation. The best MOI value for transducing human peripheral T cells was 40. pLVX‐EF1a‐CAR‐IRES‐ZsGreen1 expressed the highest level of CAR in human peripheral T cells and the cytotoxicity of CAR‐T cells reached 63.56%.ConclusionsWe optimized the preparation of recombinant lentivirus that can express third‐generation anti‐Her2 CAR in T cells, which should lay the foundation for improving the efficacy of CAR‐T cells with respect to killing target cells.
In vitro assessment of the factors that determine the activity of the rumen microbiota for further applications as inoculum
Authors: Belanche Alejandro , Palma‐Hidalgo Juan M , Nejjam Ibtissam , Serrano Rosa , Jiménez Elisabeth , Martín‐García Ignacio , Yáñez‐Ruiz David R 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rumen microbiota has been used as inoculum for in vitro studies and as a probiotic to improve productivity in young animals. However, great variability across studies has been noted depending on the inoculum considered. The present study aims to assess the relevance of different factors (microbial fraction, collection time, donor animal diet, fermentation substrate and inoculum preservation method) to maximize the rumen inoculum activity and set the standards for further in vitro and in vivo applications.RESULTSRumen inoculum sampled at 3 h after feeding led to greater microbial growth and activity [+12% volatile fatty acid (VFA), +17% ammonia] compared to before feeding. Similar results were noted when rumen liquid or rumen content were used as inocula. Rumen inoculum adapted to concentrate diets increased microbial activity (+19% VFA) independently of the substrate used in vitro. Freezing‐thawing the inoculum, in comparison to fresh inoculum, decreased microbial activity (−14% VFA, −96% ammonia), anaerobic fungi and protozoa, with holotrichs protozoa being particularly vulnerable. Inoculum lyophilization had a stronger negative effect on microbial activity (−51% VFA) and delayed re‐activation of the microbes, leading to lower levels of methanogens and anaerobic fungi, as well as almost complete wipe out of rumen protozoa.CONCLUSIONSFresh rumen fluid sampled at 3 h after feeding from donor animals that were fed concentrate diets should be chosen when the aim is to provide the most diverse and active rumen microbial inoculum. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Probiotic mitigates the toxic effects of potassium dichromate in a preclinical study: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Younan Soraia , Sakita Gabriel Zanuto , Coluna João Gabriel Younan , Rufino Marcos Natal , Keller Rogéria , Bremer‐Neto Hermann 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional, physiological and biochemical effects of dietary supplementation of an association of probiotic bacteria in rats intoxicated with chromium (VI). Ninety‐six male rats, recently weaned, were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12): Control, DK12, DK24 and DK36 (0, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 g kg−1 of K2Cr2O7 incorporated in the basal feed, respectively) and groups Prob, DK12 + Prob, DK24 + Prob and DK36 + Prob received a progressive dose of 0, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 g kg−1 of K2Cr2O7 incorporated in the basal feed and supplemented with 0.02 g kg−1 of an association of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum).RESULTSAfter 90 days, we observed significant (P < 0.05) and dose‐dependent alterations from incorporation of increasing doses of chromium (VI) related to nutritional, physiological and biochemical parameters. These changes were attenuated (P < 0.05) with probiotic supplementation.CONCLUSIONSupplementation with probiotics in the diet beneficially modified the nutritional and physiological parameters, as well as hepatic, renal, glycemic and lipid profiles, of animals intoxicated with increasing doses of K2Cr2O7. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
High Power, High Speed, High Quality
Authors: Fetzer Florian , Hagenlocher Christian , Weber Rudolf 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAt the Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), laser beam welding of aluminum sheets with a laser power of 16 kW and feed rates up to 50 m/min was investigated. The resultant weld seams were virtually free of processing pores and fluctuations of the penetration depth. Welding at very high feed rates reduced centerline cracking in close edge positions and increased the process efficiency. Humping could be prevented by welding with a large beam diameter of the processing spot of 630 μm. The quality of the welds was correlated to a stabilization of the vapor capillary by online X‐ray videography.
Tomorrow's Advanced Technology for Laser Welding – Today
Authors: Dupriez Nataliya Deyneka 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) becomes a widely accepted technique for precise and consistent seam‐guided laser welding. Being advantageous due to its operation principle, OCT has gained a role of innovative seam tracking technology for highly productive, cost‐effective laser processing. The industrial tests deliver satisfactory results. Either remote laser welding of body‐in‐white or gap bridging, OCT is an unbeatable technique for the laser welding applications with extended tracking limits.
Laser Technology for Tool Production
Authors: Hoffmann Peter , Dierken Roland 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the course of the last twenty years, laser treatment of tools and dies has been transferred from a fundamental research work into an established technology of the modern manufacturing process. In the beginning, the focus was put on laser beam hardening. Nowadays, laser beam cladding is also increasingly accepted for repair and modification of tools or even completely new tool design. In principle, both technologies, hardening and cladding, can be performed with a single machine, simply by adapting laser parameters and auxiliary equipment like a powder feeding device.
The Worldwide Market for Lasers
Authors: Pozo Jose 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the last thirty years, new developments in laser systems have impacted strongly on every single aspect in the manufacturing of devices and products that are currently available on the market, for example, novel femtosecond laser solutions allow materials processing of practically any material with extremely high precision and minimal collateral damage (for example, the femtosecond lasers by EXPLA as the one depicted in Fig. 2). Lasers are used in the manufacturing of cars, PCs, and displays as well as in marking steel and in the creation of logos, and in lithography, lasers have been the key enabler of wafer‐level manufacturing, even in the case of hard substrates such as sapphire, with the workstations provided by Elas (Fig. 3).
Full Nutrition or Not?
Authors: Stuever Mary F. , Kidner Ryan F. , Chae Floria E. , Evans David C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEnteral nutrition (EN) is widely used in intensive care units around the world, but the optimal dosing strategy during the first week of critical illness is still controversial. Numerous studies in the past decade have provided conflicting recommendations regarding the roles of trophic and permissive/intentional underfeeding strategies. Further complicating effective medical decision making is the widespread, yet unintentional and persistent underdelivery of prescribed energy and protein, in addition to the trend for recommending ever‐higher amounts of protein delivery. We postulate that the key to appropriate enteral strategy lies within an accurate and patient‐specific assessment. Patients with a baseline high nutrition risk and those with increased nutrition demands, such as those with wounds, surgery, or burns, likely require full nutrition support, in contrast with medical patients, such as those with acute respiratory distress syndrome, who may selectively be appropriate for trophic strategies. In this analysis, we review several key trials for and against full EN in the first week of critical illness, as well as key issues such as the role of autophagy and immunonutrition in enteral dose selection.
Immunonutrition in Critical Illness: What Is the Role?
Authors: McCarthy Mary S. , Martindale Robert G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAcute illness–associated malnutrition leads to muscle wasting, delayed wound healing, failure to wean from ventilator support, and possibly higher rates of infection and longer hospital stays unless appropriate metabolic support is provided in the form of nutrition therapy. Agreement is still lacking about the value of individual immune‐modulating substrates for specific patient populations. However, it has long been agreed that there are 3 primary targets for these substrates: 1) mucosal barrier function, 2) cellular defense function, and 3) local and systemic inflammation. These targets guide the multitude of interventions necessary to stabilize and treat the hypercatabolic intensive care unit patient, including specialized nutrition therapy. The paradigm shift that occurred 30 years ago created a unique role for nutrition as an agent to support host defense mechanisms and prevent infectious complications in the critically ill patient. This overview of immunonutrition will discuss the evidence for its role in critical illness today.
Effects of polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene/propylene)‐b‐polystyrene compatibilizer on the recycled polypropylene and recycled high‐impact polystyrene blends
Authors: Kong Yufei , Li Yingchun , Hu Guosheng , Cao Nuo , Ling Youquan , Pan Duo , Shao Qian , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: May 2018

The recycled polypropylene/recycled high‐impact polystyrene (R‐PP/R‐HIPS) blends were melt extruded by twin‐screw extruder and produced by injection molding machine. The effects of polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene/propylene)‐b‐polystyrene copolymer (SEPS) used as compatibilizer on the mechanical properties, morphology, melt flow index, equilibrium torque, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blends were investigated. It was found that the notch impact strength and the elongation at break of the R‐PP/R‐HIPS blends with the addition of 10 wt% SEPS were 6.46 kJ/m2 and 31.96%, which were significantly improved by 162.46% and 57.06%, respectively, than that of the uncompatibilized blends. Moreover, the addition of SEPS had a negligible effect on the tensile strength of the R‐PP/R‐HIPS blends. Additionally, the morphology of the blends demonstrated improved distribution and decreased size of the dispersed R‐HIPS phase with increasing the SEPS content. The increase of the melt flow index and the equilibrium torque indicated that the viscosity of the blends increased when the SEPS was incorporated into the R‐PP/R‐HIPS blends. The dynamic mechanical properties test showed that when the content of SEPS was 10 wt%, the difference of Tg decreased from 91.72°C to 81.51°C. The results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry were similar to those measured by dynamic mechanical properties, indicating an improved compatibility of the blends with the addition of SEPS.
Tannic acid: A sustainable crosslinking agent for high glass transition epoxy materials
Authors: Korey Matthew , Mendis Gamini P. , Youngblood Jeffrey P. , Howarter John A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTEpoxy thermosets have revolutionized the coating, adhesive, and composite industries but the chemicals from which they are synthesized have significant effects on the environment and human health not only precure but also after crosslinking has occurred. In this study, we propose tannic acid (TA) as an alternative epoxy hardening agent for commercially available epoxy resin, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The resulting thermosets were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, compression testing, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results from this study showed that at temperatures above 100 °C, the compatibility of TA in DGEBA was significantly increased for loading levels up to 37% weight of TA in DGEBA, something that has not been seen before in literature. It was also discovered that at high loading levels, the resulting materials had glass transition temperatures at and above 200 °C. The resulting material was proposed as a more sustainable alternative to amine or acid hardened epoxy thermosets and was particularly useful in high‐temperature applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1468–1480
Mineralocorticoid receptor signaling affects therapeutic effect of enzalutamide
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Fujimoto Naohiro , Higashijima Katuyoshi , Imada Kenjiro , Kashiwagi Eiji , Takeuchi Ario , Inokuchi Junichi , Tatsugami Katsunori , Kajioka Shunichi , Uchiumi Takeshi , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundCorticosteroids play important roles in prostate cancer therapeutics. However, their role when combined with enzalutamide remains obscure. Then, we aimed to elucidate the functional and clinical impact of corticosteroids on steroid receptors in androgen receptor (AR)‐targeting therapy utilizing enzalutamide.MethodsThe therapeutic effect was studied according to concomitant use of corticosteroids in 86 men treated with enzalutamide. The sensitivity to various agents was evaluated using cytotoxicity assays in prostate cancer cells. Gene expression levels were evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in prostate cancer cells and tissues.ResultsThe therapeutic effect of enzalutamide was particularly lessened with concomitant treatment with dexamethasone. Consistently, dexamethasone increased cellular resistance to enzalutamide while prednisolone and aldosterone decreased cellular resistance to enzalutamide in prostate cancer cells. Inversely, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) knockdown augmented the activity of AR signaling and the cellular resistance to enzalutamide.ConclusionsMR plays a critical role in resistance to AR‐targeting therapies, which may be overcome by activation of MR signaling.
Influence of the length of the internal sleeve valve on the release of powdery substances from the closures of valved bags for dangerous goods
Authors: Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Eiben Mario , Drousch Björn , Heinrich Annika , Goedecke Thomas , Kraume Matthias 
Published: May 2018

In practice, checks on dangerous goods transports often detect leaks of powdered dangerous goods from valved bags. In this work, the influence factors of a sudden release of powdery substances from the valves of valved bags were investigated. Drop tests were performed on paper bags of UN design type 5M2 with internal sleeve valve using 2 different powdery substances (Esplas H130 and zinc oxide “Rotsiegel”).The internal sleeve valves of all test samples were not sift‐proof with respect to both filling substances. For almost all test samples, the Esplas H130 powder already leaked out of pasted joints during manual filling. This is a contradiction to the requirement in UN 6.1.4.18.1, according to which closures and joints of paper bags 5M2 should be sift‐proof.In the drop tests, longer valve lengths had a greater sealing effect for both filling substances (for filling degrees of at least 95% and for test samples which had already been mechanically loaded). As an extreme example, at the drop height of 1.20 m and a filling degree of 100%, the released amount of zinc oxide powder from a 10‐cm‐long valve was about 16 times higher than from a valve length of 12.5 cm. The valve length is therefore a safety‐relevant parameter and should be specified by the manufacturer.To ensure that only filling goods with similar physical properties in comparison with the test substance are used for valved bags, the user must be informed of the particle size of the test substance.