bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Force to Deformation of the Anterior Bundle of the Medial Collateral Ligament Through Consideration of Band Laxity
Authors: Jordan David , Schimoler Patrick , Kharlamov Alexander , DeMeo Patrick J. , Miller Mark Carl 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament (AMCL) resists the loads that arise at the elbow during overhand throwing and has commonly been divided into posterior and anterior bands. While these anterior and posterior bands have been thought to bear the load at different flexion angles, any transition of the load distribution between the two bands is poorly understood and has not considered laxity (slack). This study considers the AMCL as three bands and quantifies the mechanical response to vertical distraction, simulating valgus‐load joint opening, through the sequential superposition of the band responses after the elimination of inherent laxity. Eight cadaveric elbow specimens were used for the study. The intact AMCL of each specimen was tested under vertical distraction in a specialized load frame at four elbow flexion angles and then subsequently retested after two longitudinal transections. The greatest laxity at full extension and full flexion belonged to the posterior (1.9 mm) and anterior (2.4 mm) band, respectively. At the lesser and higher flexion angles, the greatest structural stiffness belonged to the anterior and middle band. The overall AMCL was the most structurally stiff at 60°, with approximately 150 N of force required for 2% elongation. This study shows that the different bands of the AMCL may have different load bearing properties at different flexion angles, causing each band to support different proportions of an imposed load. The presence of the laxity may impose a load‐bearing delay, causing load‐bearing in each band to begin asynchronously. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2027–2034, 2019
The reproductive success of sandhill cranes in midwestern landscapes
Authors: Fox Jeff , Semel Brad , Ward Michael P. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA number of wildlife species have recovered from the brink of extinction to flourish and, in some cases, even become a commonly recognized urban species (e.g., Canada goose [Branta canadensis]). Broadly extirpated from much of their historical range in North America, the sandhill crane (Antigone canadensis) demonstrated this potential for population recovery. The trajectory of the eastern population of greater sandhill cranes is remarkable—perhaps as many as 90,000 cranes now occur throughout the same Great Lakes states that reported only dozens of birds less than a century ago. However, understanding future population growth of the species remains uncertain because breeding birds are increasingly exposed to the pressures of urban sprawl and a changing agricultural landscape. From 2009 to 2014 we investigated the survival of sandhill crane nests and young up to 11 weeks of age (the point at which they are capable of flight) in the core of the eastern population's range in central Wisconsin and at its peripheral extent in a rapidly developing urban region of northeastern Illinois, USA. We located crane nests via systematic surveys on foot and from helicopters, we then radio‐tagged the young and monitored them until they died or were capable to sustained flight. Overall, young were more likely to hatch from nests in Illinois (60%) than in central Wisconsin (46%), regardless of differences in land cover surrounding the nest site. In contrast, the survivorship of young was positively correlated with urban land cover in both regions but higher in central Wisconsin (54%) than in northeast Illinois (27%). Overall, the probability of producing young was greater in landscapes with more urban development, regardless of region. We suggest that differences in predator composition, predator behavior, and crane density between rural and urban areas is the primary reason for the difference in crane productivity. Higher recruitment of sandhill cranes using urban landscapes may allow cranes to echo the population trajectory of urban Canada geese. We anticipate that sandhill cranes will continue to use urban landscapes, and likely expand their geographic range as breeding pairs benefit from the increased survivorship of young in those landscapes. © The Wildlife Society, 2019
Survival in low‐grade and high‐grade sinonasal adenocarcinoma: A national cancer database analysis
Authors: Shay Aryan , Ganti Ashwin , Raman Anish , Kuhar Hannah N. , Auger Samuel R. , Eggerstedt Michael , Patel Tirth , Kuan Edward C. , Batra Pete S. , Tajudeen Bobby A. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to investigate survival differences between low‐grade and high‐grade sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC) by examining demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment modalities.Study DesignRetrospective database analysis.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients with SNAC between 2004 and 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for all cases of SNAC. Subsequent analysis focused on low‐grade (grade 1 and grade 2) and high‐grade (grade 3 and grade 4) SNAC.ResultsA total of 1,288 patients with SNAC were included in the main cohort and divided into low grade (n = 601) and high grade (n = 370). The 5‐year overall survival for all patients, low‐grade, and high‐grade was 54%, 64%, and 38%, respectively. Prognostic factors associated with decreased survival for the main cohort include advanced age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03‐1.06), Charlson‐Deyo score (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05‐1.78), grade 2 (HR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.26‐3.86], grade 3 (HR: 3.67; 95% CI: 2.09‐6.45), and grade 4 (HR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.38‐7.91). Radiotherapy was associated with improved overall survival for high‐grade SNAC (HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.24‐0.70) but not for low‐grade SNAC (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.59‐1.85).ConclusionsThis investigation is the largest to date analyzing the association of treatment modalities with overall survival in SNAC. Surgery remains paramount to treatment, with radiotherapy offering additional survival benefit for high‐grade SNAC. Administration of chemotherapy was not associated with improved survival.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E1–E10, 2020
Long‐term subsidence in Mexico City from 2004 to 2018 revealed by five synthetic aperture radar sensors
Authors: Du Zheyuan , Ge Linlin , Ng Alex Hay‐Man , Zhu Qinggaozi , Zhang Qi , Kuang Jianming , Dong Yifei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic land subsidence is an example of changes to the natural environment due to human activities and is one of the key factors in causing land degradation at a range of scales. Previous studies assessing land subsidence in the Valley of Mexico either focused on regional scale or short (noncontinuous) temporal scale. In this study, long‐term land subsidence (~15 years) is mapped in Mexico City (Mexico) using two interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods, namely, GEOS (Geoscience and Earth Observing Systems Group)‐Advance Time‐series Analysis and GEOS‐Small Baseline Subset. An inverse distance weighted‐based integration module and maximum likelihood regression‐based M estimator are introduced to further enhance these two methods. The land subsidence was continuously mapped using ENVISAT (2004–2007), ALOS‐1 (2007–2011), COSMO‐SkyMed (2011–2014), ALOS‐2 (2014–2018), and SENTINEL‐1 (2015–2017) data sets. A comparison between InSAR time‐series and GPS measurement shows that the subsidence rates are consistent over 2004–2018. The subsidence map over 15 years was generated finding a maximum subsidence over 4.5 m. By comparing our InSAR results with a land use map, we find that the subsidence centre in Mexico City is mostly located in the residential regions with the consumption of groundwater contributing considerably to the local subsidence rate. A total volume of 1.20 × 108 m3 of the land in Ciudad Nezahualcoyotl subsided/degraded. A continuing subsidence process limits the potential land use causing serious land degradation. Our results may be used to assist disaster reduction plans.
Fetal whole‐heart 4D imaging using motion‐corrected multi‐planar real‐time MRI
Authors: van Amerom Joshua F.P. , Lloyd David F.A. , Deprez Maria , Price Anthony N. , Malik Shaihan J. , Pushparajah Kuberan , van Poppel Milou P.M. , Rutherford Mary A. , Razavi Reza , Hajnal Joseph V 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo develop an MRI acquisition and reconstruction framework for volumetric cine visualization of the fetal heart and great vessels in the presence of maternal and fetal motion.MethodsFour‐dimensional (4D) depiction was achieved using a highly‐accelerated multi‐planar real‐time balanced steady‐state free precession acquisition combined with retrospective image‐domain techniques for motion correction, cardiac synchronization and outlier rejection. The framework was validated using a numerical phantom and evaluated in a study of 20 mid‐ to late‐gestational age human fetal subjects (23‐33 weeks gestational age). Reconstructed MR data were compared with matched ultrasound. A preliminary assessment of flow‐sensitive reconstruction using the velocity information encoded in the phase of real‐time images is included.ResultsReconstructed 4D data could be visualized in any two‐dimensional plane without the need for highly specific scan plane prescription prior to acquisition or for maternal breath hold to minimize motion. Reconstruction was fully automated aside from user‐specified masks of the fetal heart and chest. The framework proved robust when applied to fetal data and simulations confirmed that spatial and temporal features could be reliably recovered. Evaluation suggested the reconstructed framework has the potential to be used for comprehensive assessment of the fetal heart, either as an adjunct to ultrasound or in combination with other MRI techniques.ConclusionsThe proposed methods show promise as a framework for motion‐compensated 4D assessment of the fetal heart and great vessels.
A novel method for measuring small amounts of saliva in mice
Authors: Arakaki Rieko , Ushio Aya , Otsuka Kunihiro , Kudo Yasusei , Ishimaru Naozumi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDry mouth is caused by the dysfunction of salivary glands due to various factors. In order to understand the mechanism of dry mouth or develop new therapies for dry mouth, many mice models have been widely used to analyze the function of saliva secretion. In this study, a small amount of saliva was collected using oral pH paper, following stimulation with a low dose of pilocarpine in mice. The method is simple and accurate for the evaluation of small volumes of saliva secretion following weak stimulation in mice. Thus, a simple method would be useful during experiments using mice for detection of small volumes of saliva. The establishment of small saliva volume detection in mice could be applied in the development of any new therapies for dry mouth.
High risk—What's next? A survey study on decisional conflict, regret, and satisfaction among high‐risk pregnant women making choices about further prenatal testing for fetal aneuploidy
Authors: Hartwig Tanja Schlaikjær , Borregaard Miltoft Caroline , Malmgren Charlotta Ingvoldstad , Tabor Ann , Jørgensen Finn Stener 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate decision making among pregnant women when choosing between noninvasive prenatal testing, invasive testing, or no further testing.MethodsWomen with a high‐risk result from the first trimester screening were invited to fill in two online questionnaires at gestational age 12 to 14 (Q1) and 24 weeks (Q2). The scales used were Decisional Conflict and Regret Scales, Satisfaction with genetic Counselling Scale, and Health‐Relevant Personality Inventory.ResultsThree hundred thirty‐nine women agreed to participate, and the response rates were 76% on Q1 and 88% on Q2. A percentage of 75.4% chose an invasive test, 23.8% chose noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), 0.4% chose no further testing, and 0.4% had both NIPT and invasive testing. Among all participants, 13.3% had a high level of decisional conflict. We found that choosing NIPT was associated with a high decisional conflict (p = 0.013), receiving genetic counselling the same day was associated with a high decisional conflict (p = 0.039), and a high satisfaction with the genetic counselling was associated with low decisional conflict (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the personality subtrait “alexithymia” was associated with low decisional conflict (p = 0.043). There was a significant association between high decisional conflict and later decisional regret (p = 0.008).ConclusionWe present evidence that satisfaction with and timing of counselling are important factors to limit decisional conflict. Interestingly, women choosing NIPT had more decisional conflict than women choosing invasive testing.
Latent Fingerprint Imaging Using Dy and Sm Codoped HfO2 Nanophosphors: Structure and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Rai Shyam Bahadur , Rath Chandana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of latent fingerprints (LFPs) detected at the site of crime is considered as an imperative physical evidence in forensic investigations. Herein, a rapid and cost‐effective approach using nonhazardous Dy and Sm codoped HfO2 nanophosphors is demonstrated to be utilized for LFP imaging. Sol–gel method can produce Dy and Sm codoped HfO2 of monoclinic phase with crystallite size ranging from ≈10 to 25 nm. While selected area electron diffraction and lattice spacing calculated from high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm monoclinic phase, Le‐Bail profile refinement of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns demonstrate an exponential increase in lattice volume with incorporating various concentrations of Dy and Sm in HfO2 lattice. Exciting Dy and Sm codoped HfO2 with 393 nm photoluminescence spectra show emissions in blue, yellow, and near red regions emerging primarily due to energy transfer from Dy3+ to Sm3+ through multipolar interaction suggested by time resolved decay spectra. Combining excitation and emission spectra, an energy band diagram is proposed. Owing to excellent emissions, Dy and Sm codoped HfO2 are explored for LFP imaging with good selectivity and resolution over multivariate surfaces like float glass and aluminum foil. The third‐level details like enclosure and termination–bifurcation are extracted due to nanosized nature of particles.
Atrazine nanoencapsulation improves pre‐emergence herbicidal activity against Bidens pilosa without enhancing long‐term residual effect on Glycine max
Authors: Preisler Ana C , Pereira Anderson ES , Campos Estefânia VR , Dalazen Giliardi , Fraceto Leonardo F , Oliveira Halley C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoly(ϵ‐caprolactone) nanocapsules (NC + ATZ) are an efficient carrier system for atrazine and were developed as an alternative to reduce the harmful environmental effects of this herbicide. Here, we analyzed the pre‐emergence herbicidal activity of NC + ATZ against Bidens pilosa and evaluated its residual effect on soybean plants after different periods of soil treatment with the formulations.RESULTSIn contrast to non‐nanoatrazine, NC + ATZ treatment led to very high mortality rates of B. pilosa seedlings even after a tenfold dilution, which suggests that atrazine nanoencapsulation improved its pre‐emergence herbicidal activity. In a short‐term assay (17 days), soil treatment with all atrazine‐containing formulations resulted in intense toxicity to soybean plants. NC + ATZ at 200 g ha−1 had the same inhibitory effects on the physiological and growth parameters of soybean plants compared with non‐nanoatrazine at 2000 g ha−1, which suggests that atrazine nanoencapsulation increased the short‐term residual effect of the herbicide. In a long‐term assay (60 days), a gradual recovery of soybean plants from atrazine phytotoxicity was observed. When comparing the effects of nano‐ and non‐nanoatrazine at the same concentrations, the growth and physiological parameters of soybean plants were mainly affected to the same extent. This indicates that encapsulation of atrazine into poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) nanocapsules did not enhance the long‐term residual effect of the herbicide on soybean.CONCLUSIONNC + ATZ could be applied for efficient weed control without additional phytotoxicity to susceptible crops compared with non‐nanoatrazine, provided that a safe interval is respected from atrazine application to sowing. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergistic Effect of Cr3+ on Layered Double Hydroxide Supported Cu0 Nanoparticles for the Oxidation of Alcohols and Hydrocarbons
Authors: Choudhary Anu , Sharma Nitika , Sharma Chandan , Jamwal Babita , Paul Satya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChromium(III)‐doped layered double hydroxide supported copper nanoparticles (Cr3+‐Cu0/LDH) has been prepared as an efficient and reusable catalyst using simple and versatile synthetic method. Effect of doping of Cr3+ to the layered double hydroxide supported Cu0 nanoparticles was evaluated for the oxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons by varying the amount of Cr3+ loading in the catalyst. The catalyst with Cu:Cr ratio= 1:1 afforded highest catalytic activity among the synthesized catalysts towards the oxidation using TBHP (tBuOOH) in aqueous medium and was structurally characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Field Emission Gun‐Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG‐SEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), High Resolution‐Transmission Electron Spectroscopy (HR‐TEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The high activity and selectivity was assigned to the synergistic electronic interaction between copper(0) nanoparticles and chromium(III) ions based on experimental data and XPS results. Moreover, the high stability of Cu0 and Cr3+ in the catalyst was attributed to the strong metal‐support interactions, which make the catalyst recyclable upto five runs.
Development of analytical method by free solution capillary electrophoresis for furosemide under stress degradation
Authors: de Souza Aline , Kedor‐Hackmann Erika Rosa Maria , Santoro Maria Inês Rocha Miritello , Aurora‐Prado María Segunda 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA fast, economical, precise and accurate free solution capillary electrophoresis method with photodiode array detector was developed and validated for the determination of furosemide in tablets. The separation was achieved by using a fused silica capillary column with (total length of 30.2 cm × 50.0 µm id). The optimum separations conditions were: 2.0 mmol L−1 sodium tetraborate buffer solution, pH 9.3 and 10% methanol; hydrodynamic injection 3.45 kPa/5 s; voltage and temperature set at +25 kV and 25°C, respectively, and UV detection at 273 nm. The method allowed the quantitative determination of furosemide and showed good linearity (70.0 to 130.0 µg mL−1) with a correlation coefficient (>0.99). The migration time was 1.8 min. Accuracy repeatability and intermediate precisions were less than 5.0% and the average recovery, 102.1%. Degradation was tested under neutral, acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, as well as under chemical oxidation, thermal and photodegradation. The method was specific and allowed the detection of three potential degradation products with migration times of 1.3, 2.0, and 2.2 min, respectively under oxidation test. Also, one potential degradation product under acidic hydrolysis (2.0 min). The method can be used in quality control laboratories and also as a stability‐indicating method for furosemide in tablets.
The Ghosts of Wagnerism: Organized Labour, Union Strategies, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Authors: Smith Charles W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWagnerism has been at the centre of Canadian labour relations since the end of World War II. Wagnerism rests on a so-called balance between workers and employers. Between 2007 and 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada has ruled that the constitution includes protections for good faith collective bargaining and to strike. In these cases, the Court stated that it is not constitutionally enshrining Wagnerism, yet it also leaned heavily on Wagner principles in arriving at its decisions. Building on interviews with national union leaders, I argue that the ambiguity between the Court’s decisions and Wagnerism has left workers uncertain about how these rights alter the material conditions of unions. I conclude that the court’s embrace of labour freedoms will only have material benefit if workers are willing to use these newfound freedoms to build working class capacities to directly confront ongoing attacks by governments and employers on core union freedoms.
THE OPTIONS BY CONTEXT APPROACH: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN AGRONOMY
Authors: SINCLAIR FERGUS , COE RIC 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYInnovation in agronomy by large numbers of smallholder farmers will need to accelerate if global commitments to end hunger are to be achieved in the face of major climate and other global change that are both caused by, and impact, agriculture. Conventional research and development in agronomy have involved a research process that produces technologies, which are then promoted for uptake by large numbers of farmers through extension, with both research and extension phases being more or less participatory. Recent research, including key contributions to this special issue, reveals that the performance of many technology options varies hugely across the geographies over which development programmes operate, depending on social, economic and ecological context. This severely limits the value of attempting to produce recommendations for large areas and numbers of farmers and identifies the need for new ways of supporting innovation that address the real-world heterogeneity of farmer circumstances. Addressing this widespread phenomenon of option by context interaction (OxC) has profound implications for how agronomic research and development are organised. Papers in this special issue show the nature and implications of such interactions and suggest ways in which research and development systems need to respond in order to support locally relevant innovation. It is evident that a paradigm shift is well underway, with researchers embracing new modes of thinking and action required to address OxC interactions, but these also need to be taken up and further developed by extension and change agents in the public and private sector. It is only through continued co-development of methods involving both these constituencies, working closely with farmers that sufficient progress is likely to be made for smallholder farming to keep pace with global demand for food without further damaging the environmental resources upon which production is based.