bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate Energy for Charging Li‐Ion Batteries Determined by First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Chen Po‐Tuan , Yang Fang‐Haur , Sangeetha Thangavel , Gao Hong‐Min , Huang K. David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCharging methods that were employed earlier provided constant energy to a battery, but the negative impact was the activation of chemical reactions that lead to battery passivation. Thus, in order to mitigate the battery aging, moderate energy for charging a lithium‐ion battery has been theoretically calculated using density functional theory. The charging process was associated with a Li‐ion transfer model between two electrodes. When charging, Li‐ions from the positive electrode, pass through a separator/electrolyte, transfer via a solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and intercalate into the negative electrode. Calculations provided activation energies of migration through the SEI and intercalation of graphite. The inverse reaction of electrolyte reduction was introduced in the process to prevent impedance formation. The unit of power of the external charger can be converted to voltage. Therefore, the proposed novel charging strategy used positive voltage for migration and negative voltage for the inverse reaction of reduction. The charging strategy can be approximated to a sinusoidal waveform, which is effective in reviving Li‐ion battery and prolonging the cycle life.
Biomedical Applications of Fluorescent and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dual‐Modality Probes
Authors: Deng Yun , Xu Aifei , Yu Yanhua , Fu Cheng , Liang Gaolin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMolecular imaging plays a critical role in biomedical research. The combination of different modalities can generate complementary information and provide synergistic advantages over single modality alone. Noninvasive and nonradioactive fluorescent imaging (FI)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dualmodality probes fuse the high sensitivity of FI and the high temporal and spatial resolution and deep‐tissue penetration of MRI, and their increasing applications have been reported in biomedical research and clinical practices, including cell labeling, enzyme activity measurement, tumor diagnosis and therapy, and anatomical localization and real‐time assessment during surgery.
Co‐Mo‐P Based Electrocatalyst for Superior Reactivity in the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Thenuwara Akila C. , Dheer Lakshay , Attanayake Nuwan H. , Yan Qimin , Waghmare Umesh V. , Strongin Daniel R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEnergy efficient hydrogen production via electrochemical and/or photoelectrochemical water splitting holds significant potential for clean and sustainable energy. Toward this end, a significant amount of research has been focused on developing active earth abundant metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for use in acidic and alkaline media. Here, we report an earth abundant metal‐based catalyst for HER under alkaline conditions. The catalyst consisting of Co, Mo and P had a similar HER activity as the precious metal platinum under the conditions used in the study. The Co−Mo−P catalyst is amorphous and was prepared by room temperature electrodeposition. The best Co−Mo−P catalyst exhibited an overpotential of ∼30–35 mV for HER at a geometrical current density of 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline medium. An amorphous Co−Mo−P model was used to simulate the energetics of HER intermediates with density functional theory (DFT). The DFT study suggests that a Co−Mo center acts as the water‐dissociation site enhancing the alkaline medium HER.
Cobalt–Pincer Complexes in Catalysis
Authors: Junge Kathrin , Papa Veronica , Beller Matthias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNon‐noble metal catalysts based on pincer type compounds are of special interest for organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis. Next to iron and manganese, currently cobalt–pincer type complexes are successfully applied in various catalytic reactions. In this review the recent progress in (de)hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation, hydroboration and hydrosilylation as well as dehydrogenative coupling reactions using cobalt–pincer complexes is summarised.
Mineralische Reststoffe als Ersatzbaustoffe
Authors: Brett Beate , Weigand Harald , Fröhlich Peter 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungViele mineralische Reststoffe und Baurestmassen eignen sich sowohl auf Basis der strengen chemischen Anforderungen als auch hinsichtlich ihrer bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften dazu, primäre Rohstoffe in Bauprojekten zu ersetzen. Neben der Schonung natürlicher Ressourcen wäre der konsequente Einsatz qualitätsgesicherter abfallbürtiger Ersatzbaustoffe (nach geeigneter Aufbereitung) zudem ein Beitrag zur Einsparung kostbaren Deponieraumes für die Ablagerung wirklich kritischer Materialien. Ein Beispiel für den Einsatz von Recyling‐Baustoffen ist die Waldspirale – eine vom Künstler Friedensreich Hundertwasser gestaltet Wohnanlage in Darmstadt. Dennoch bestehen in der Praxis oftmals Vorbehalte. Diese werden überlagert durch die Verfügbarkeit natürlicher Baustoffe, die regional oftmals bevorzugt werden. Daher ist es eine wesentliche Forschungsaufgabe für Wissenschaftler auf dem Gebiet der Abfall‐ und Ressourcentechnologie, den Einsatz von Ersatzbaustoffen auf eine rationale Basis zu stellen. Zusätzlich soll in öffentlichen Ausschreibungen bewusst der Einsatz von Recycling‐Baustoffen aufgenommen werden. Erste Projekte wurden beispielsweise mit dem Einsatz eines güteüberwachten Recyclingmaterials im Straßenbau umgesetzt.
Comparative analysis of coprocessors
Authors: Sakdhnagool Putt , Sabne Amit , Eigenmann Rudolf 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWhile GPUs have seen a steady increase in usage, Xeon Phis have struggled in proving their value, and eventually got discontinued. Is this a matter of the Intel many‐core architecture's younger age or are there reasons due to specific features? This paper reviews quantitative information addressing these questions. Using two latest coprocessors, we evaluate performance and programming productivity across a range of microbenchmarks and applications. We consider productivity as the percentage of hand‐optimized performance reached by a simple high‐level parallel programming model that is translated onto the specific architectures by advanced compilers. We evaluate and compare the performance of the two coprocessors and point out where Xeon Phis fall short. We also briefly review the performance of different execution modes of Xeon Phis. Moreover, unlike common expectation, we found that Xeon Phis' productivity is marginally better that GPUs. The current results suggest that the performance advantage of GPUs outweighs the productivity benefit of Xeon Phis. Closing the performance gap and increasing the productivity benefit that a more regular many‐core paradigm can offer will be essential in designing a next‐generation architecture.
ISM‐band 902‐ to 928‐MHz FSK transceiver with scalable performance for medical devices
Authors: Zgaren Mohamed , Moradi Arash , Tanguay Louis‐François , Sawan Mohamad 
Published: September 2018

SummaryA 902‐ to 928‐MHz industrial, scientific, and medical band transceiver using a wake‐up link for wireless body area networks wearable and implantable medical devices is presented. The design reaches exceptionally low‐power dissipation and provides an adapted data‐rate by gathering the advantages of frequency‐shift‐keying (FSK) and amplitude‐shift‐keying (ASK) modulation techniques. Transmitter (Tx) includes a new efficient FSK modulation scheme to generate up to 20 Mb/s of data‐rate and consumes around 0.084 nJ/b. The integrated receiver (Rx) is based on a new FSK‐to‐ASK conversion technique using on‐off keying fully passive wake‐up circuit (WuRx) with energy harvesting from radio frequency link. The adopted scheme leads to the scalability of energy consumption versus data‐rate at constant transceiver sensitivity, insuring high‐performances requirements. The transceiver is implemented in IBM 0.13‐μm CMOS process. The WuRx achieves a sensitivity of −53 dBm while the main receiver shows −78‐dBm sensitivity. Thanks to the simplified hardware, the receiver consumes only 640 μW while the transmitter uses 1.4 mW from 1.2‐V supply voltage.
Limited phenological and dietary overlap between bee communities in spring flowering crops and herbaceous enhancements
Authors: Wood T. J. , Gibbs J. , Rothwell N. , Wilson J. K. , Gut L. , Brokaw J. , Isaacs R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWild bee populations have undergone declines in recent years across much of the Western world, and these declines have the potential to limit yield in pollination‐dependent crops. Highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum, and tart cherry, Prunus cerasus, are spring‐blooming crops that rely on the movement of pollen by bees and other insects for pollination. Wild bee populations can be increased on farmland by providing floral resources, but whether the addition of these plants translates into increased pollinator density on crop flowers has not been documented in most cropping systems. To determine the importance of providing additional floral resources for wild bee pollinator communities, we selected blueberry fields and tart cherry orchards with and without herbaceous floral enhancements in western Michigan, USA. The bee communities visiting crop flowers, enhancements and control grassy field margins were sampled over a 5‐yr period. In addition, the pollen diets of the most abundant wild bee crop pollinators were quantified across Michigan to better understand their foraging niches and to identify potentially important alternative host plants. The presence of floral enhancements did not increase the abundance of wild bees on either blueberry or cherry flowers during bloom. The bee community visiting blueberry was evenly composed of short‐season bees that fly only during the spring and long‐season bees that fly in both spring and summer. In contrast, the bee community visiting cherry was dominated by short‐season spring bees. The majority of pollen collected by the wild bee communities visiting blueberry and cherry was from spring‐flowering woody plants, with limited use of the herbaceous enhancements. Enhancements attracted greater abundance and species richness of bees compared to control areas, including twice as many floral specialists. Conserving summer‐flying, grassland‐associated bees is an appropriate goal for pollinator conservation programs. However, herbaceous enhancements may not provide adequate resources for the wild bees that pollinate spring‐flowering crops. This study demonstrates that an examination of the pollen collected by wild bees across their flight periods can identify plant species to help them persist in intensively managed landscapes.
Parapatric subspecies of Macaca assamensis show a marginal overlap in their predicted potential distribution: Some elaborations for modern conservation management
Authors: Suwal Madan K. , Huettmann Falk , Regmi Ganga Ram , Vetaas Ole R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhylogenetic niche conservatism implies that sister taxa will have similar niches, although the niches of disjunct subspecies may evolve differently. This study uses Macaca assamensis, subspecies assamensis and pelops, to investigate the similarities of realized climatic niches of two disjunct subspecies (separated by the Brahmaputra River) along with a similarity analysis of their respective regions’ climate. Modeled distributions were used to quantify their potential distribution under current and future climate scenarios. The climatic similarity between regions of each subspecies was tested with principal component analysis (PCA), and the realized climatic niche overlap between two subspecies was tested with a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on a subset of the least correlated variables out of 24 publicly available topo‐bioclimatic variables. Tukey's honest significance difference (HSD) was used to test the range differences (on all 24 variables) between subspecies. The potential distribution of both taxa in the current climate and projected future climate was model‐predicted using MaxEnt and Random Forest. We found significantly different climatic ranges for 21 predictors (HSD; p < 0.05) for the two subspecies, significantly different climatic conditions for their regions (using PCA; p < 0.001), and significantly different realized climatic niches for the two subspecies (MANOVA; p < 0.001). The distribution models generated a larger potential area than the currently known distributions. Although literature show that the Brahmaputra River is an effective dispersal barrier, we found some of the neighboring geographic range for both subspecies appears to be potentially suitable for the other taxon. The projected future potential areas indicate that some parts of the currently occupied geography, mostly southern parts, may become climatically unsuitable, whereas other new geographical areas may become suitable. Most of these new potential areas will be toward the north where higher and fragmented mountains, which has conservation implications.
Gender differences in bone mineral density in patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Vodopivec Danica M. , Silva Angelica M. , Garcia‐Banigan Dinamarie C. , Christakis Ioannis , Stewart Ashley , Schwarz Kelly , Hussey Caroline S. , Bassett Roland , Hu Mimi I. , Perrier Nancy D. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryContextPrimary hyperparathyroidism reduces bone mineral density, which increases the risk of fracture.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in bone mineral density and clinical characteristics after parathyroidectomy between men and women (premenopausal and postmenopausal) with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism.DesignThis is a retrospective study of adult patients who underwent parathyroidectomy in a tertiary referral center from 1990 to 2013.PatientsA total of 1529 patients underwent parathyroidectomy during the study period; 80 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 24 were men and 56 were women (10 premenopausal and 46 postmenopausal).MeasurementsDemographics, preoperative and postoperative biochemical analysis, preoperative and postoperative T‐scores, preoperative Z‐scores, preoperative and postoperative absolute bone mineral density values, and percentage change in bone mineral density from baseline to 12 ± 6 months after parathyroidectomy in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and distal one‐third of the nondominant radius.ResultsPreoperative 24‐hour urinary calcium levels were significantly higher in men than in women overall (P = 0.02) and postmenopausal women (P = 0.01). Men had significantly lower preoperative Z‐scores than women overall, premenopausal women and postmenopausal women. Men had greater percentage change of increase in bone mineral density in the femoral neck than did women overall (2.77%; P = 0.04) and postmenopausal women (2.98%; P = 0.03) 1 year after parathyroidectomy.ConclusionsFrom this study, men demonstrated a greater improvement of bone mineral density in the femoral neck from baseline after parathyroidectomy compared with women.
Numerical and experimental investigation of ‘water fan’ effect due to electrohydrodynamic force in a microchamber
Authors: Jiang Hai , Yang Xu , Fan Na , Peng Bei , Weng Xuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectrohydrodynamics is commonly used in microfluidics to control and manipulate the fluid. Though there are studies on the rotation flow in suspended films, the thin film liquid is easily broken and cannot last long hence not applicable in specific applications. Here, we established a three‐dimensional microchamber embedded with two pairs of microelectrodes to investigate the rotational phenomenon of bulk of liquid which we called ‘water fan’ effect based on the electrohydrodynamics force. When proper voltages were applied on these microelectrodes, the tornado‐like rotation would be generated. Both the numerical and experimental results showed that the controllable and continuous rotation could be achieved in the microchamber. In addition, the concentration effect resulting from the rotation flow was also observed. The proposed method offers great promises in providing theoretical and practical guideline in microfluidic devices for mixing, separating, and cooling applications.
Decadal variability analysis of extreme precipitation in Turkey and its relationship with teleconnection patterns
Authors: Duzenli Eren , Tabari Hossein , Willems Patrick , Yilmaz Mustafa Tugrul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNatural disasters such as droughts and floods originate as a consequence of excessive high or low precipitation amount and/or frequency. Due to the temporal persistence of the latter, the disasters tend to cluster in time. Because global ocean–atmosphere teleconnection patterns with (multi‐)decadal oscillations are tightly related with the precipitation variability, it is useful to analyse precipitation variability at the same timescale to understand any possible connection between them. In this study, decadal oscillations of daily extreme precipitation are investigated using quantile perturbation method for 65 stations in Turkey for the period 1955–2014. Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and Western Mediterranean Oscillation teleconnection patterns are examined for their relation with the extreme precipitation variability. The analyses are conducted for four climatic seasons and seven subregions. According to the analysis based on single drivers, NAO is identified as the most effective driver of Turkish extreme precipitation variability in winter, especially over regions influenced by the Mediterranean climate, whereas AO has a similar effect. When the teleconnection patterns are investigated in pairs, the combination of the NAO and SOI results in the strongest influence on the winter extremes. Though obvious differences are not recorded between the results of linear and nonlinear methods for single driver analysis, the nonlinear method is superior for the multiple driver analysis.
Open Information Enterprise Transactions: Business Intelligence and Wash and Spoof Transactions in Blockchain and Social Commerce
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates what are referred to as ‘open information transactions’. Such transactions are in contrast to traditional transactions, where typically two parties to a transaction are the only ones with information about the transaction. For example, in a sale, the seller and the purchaser typically are the only ones with information about the transaction. However, some emerging technologies, such as blockchain accounting, supply chain social media, and hashtag commerce are making information about the transactions potentially openly available to others. This paper investigates some of the implications and strategies that include the use of that open information. For example, open information in accounting and supply chain transactions provides the potential for both business intelligence analysis of the information and possibly misleading and illusory transactions, analogous to those that have garnered the recent attention of the Justice Department in cryptocurrencies. Finally, this paper suggests that blockchain transaction processing will provide reliable information in those settings where there is a “single truth” feed of information flow for the phenomena of interest, no ability to do off‐blockchain transactions (or a large penalty cost) and limitation to a single identity for each enterprise on the blockchain.
(Under)Mining local residential property values: A semiparametric spatial quantile autoregression
Authors: Malikov Emir , Sun Yiguo , Hite Diane 
Published: September 2018

SummaryRock mining operations, including limestone and gravel production, have considerable adverse effects on residential quality of life due to elevated noise and dust levels resulting from dynamite blasting and increased truck traffic. This paper provides the first estimates of the effects of rock mining—an environmental disamenity—on local residential property values. We focus on the relationship between a house's price and its distance from a nearby rock mine. Our analysis studies Delaware County, Ohio, which, given its unique features, provides a natural environment for the valuation of property‐value‐suppressing effects of rock mines on nearby houses. We improve upon the conventional approach to evaluating adverse effects of environmental disamenities based on hedonic house price functions. Specifically, in the pursuit of robust estimates, we develop a novel (semiparametric) partially linear spatial quantile autoregressive model which accommodates unspecified nonlinearities, distributional heterogeneity, as well as spatial dependence in the data. We derive the consistency and normality limit results for our estimator as well as propose a consistent model specification test. We find statistically and economically significant property‐value‐suppressing effects of being located near an operational rock mine which gradually decline to insignificant near‐zero values at roughly a 10‐mile distance. Our estimates suggest that, all else equal, a house located a mile closer to a rock mine is priced, on average, at about 2.3–5.1% discount, with more expensive properties being subject to larger markdowns.
The ontogenetic scaling of form and function in the spotted ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes): Fins, muscles, and locomotion
Authors: Higham Timothy E. , Seamone Scott G. , Arnold Amanda , Toews Desiree , Janmohamed Zeanna , Smith Sara J. , Rogers Sean M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe alteration of form and function through the life of a fish can have profound impacts on the ability to move through water. Although several studies have examined morphology and function in relation to body size, there is a paucity of data for chondrichthyans, an ancient group of fishes. Ratfishes are interesting in that they utilize flapping pectoral fins to drive movement, and they diverged from elasmobranchs early in the gnathostome phylogeny. Using the spotted ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei, we quantified the scaling of traits relevant for locomotion, including median and paired fin external anatomy, the musculature of the pectoral and pelvic fins, and the kinematics of the pectoral fins. Whereas pelvic fins scaled with either positive allometry (fin span and area) or isometry (fin chord length at the base of the fin), pectoral fin measurements either scaled with negative allometry (fin span and aspect ratio) or isometry (fin area and chord length). Correspondingly, all pelvic fin muscles exhibited positive allometry, whereas pectoral muscles exhibited a mix of isometric and positively allometric growth. Caudal fin area and body frontal area both scaled with positive allometry, whereas dorsal fin area and span scale with isometry. Pectoral fin amplitude during swimming exhibited isometry, and fin beat frequency decreased with body size. Our results highlight the complex changes in form and function throughout ontogeny. Finally, we highlight that hierarchical differentiation in morphology can occur during growth, potentially leading to complex changes in performance of a functional system.