bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 6D nonabelian (1, 0) theory
Authors: Chen Fa-Min 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe construct a 6D nonabelian$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(1,\ 0\right) $$N=1,0theory by coupling an$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(1,\ 0\right) $$N=1,0tensor multiplet to an$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(1,\ 0\right) $$N=1,0hypermultiplet. While the$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(1,\ 0\right) $$N=1,0tensor multiplet is in the adjoint representation of the gauge group, the hypermultiplet can be in the fundamental representation or any other representation. If the hypermultiplet is also in the adjoint representation of the gauge group, the supersymmetry is enhanced to$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(2,\ 0\right) $$N=2,0, and the theory is identical to the (2, 0) theory of Lambert and Papageorgakis (LP). Upon dimension reduction, the (1, 0) theory can be reduced to a general$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in 5D. We discuss briefly the possible applications of the theories to multi M5-branes.
Postoperative Peritonitis After Digestive Tract Surgery: Surgical Management and Risk Factors for Morbidity and Mortality, a Cohort of 191 Patients
Authors: Bensignor Thierry , Lefevre Jérémie H. , Creavin Ben , Chafai Najim , Lescot Thomas , Hor Thévy , Debove Clotilde , Paye François , Balladur Pierre , Tiret Emmanuel , Parc Yann 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative peritonitis (POP) following gastrointestinal surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with no clear management option proposed. The aim of this study was to report our surgical management of POP and identify pre‐ and perioperative risk factors for morbidity and mortality.MethodsAll patients with POP undergoing relaparotomy in our department between January 2004 and December 2013 were included. Pre‐ and perioperative data were analyzed to identify predictors of morbidity and mortality.ResultsA total of 191 patients required relaparotomy for POP, of which 16.8% required >1 reinterventions. The commonest cause of POP was anastomotic leakage (66.5%) followed by perforation (20.9%). POP was mostly treated by anastomotic takedown (51.8%), suture with derivative stoma (11.5%), enteral resection and stoma (12%), drainage of the leak (8.9%), stoma on perforation (8.4%), duodenal intubation (7.3%) or intubation of the leak (3.1%). The overall mortality rate was 14%, of which 40% died within the first 48 h. Major complications (Dindo–Clavien > 2) were seen in 47% of the cohort. Stoma formation occurred in 81.6% of patients following relaparotomy. Independent risk factors for mortality were: ASA > 2 (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.07–7.62, p = 0.037), multiorgan failure (MOF) (OR = 5.22, 95% CI = 2.11–13.5, p = 0.0037), perioperative transfusion (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.05–7.47, p = 0.04) and upper GI origin (OR = 3.55, 95% CI = 1.32–9.56, p = 0.013). Independent risk factors for morbidity were: MOF (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.26–6.19, p = 0.013), upper GI origin (OR = 3.74, 95% CI = 1.59–9.44, p = 0.0034) and delayed extubation (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.14–0.55, p = 0.0027).ConclusionMortality following POP remains a significant issue; however, it is decreasing due to effective and aggressive surgical intervention. Predictors of poor outcomes will help tailor management options.
Efficacy and safety of Velmanase alfa in the treatment of patients with alpha‐mannosidosis: results from the core and extension phase analysis of a phase III multicentre, double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Borgwardt Line , Guffon Nathalie , Amraoui Yasmina , Dali Christine I. , De Meirleir Linda , Gil‐Campos Mercedes , Heron Bénédicte , Geraci Silvia , Ardigò Diego , Cattaneo Federica , Fogh Jens , Van den Hout J. M. Hannerieke , Beck Michael , Jones Simon A. , Tylki‐Szymanska Anna , Haugsted Ulla , Lund Allan M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis phase III, double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial (and extension phase) was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of velmanase alfa (VA) in alpha‐mannosidosis (AM) patients.MethodsTwenty‐five patients were randomised to weekly 1 mg/kg VA or placebo for 52 weeks. At study conclusion, placebo patients switched to VA; 23 patients continued receiving VA in compassionate‐use/follow‐on studies and were evaluated in the extension phase [last observation (LO)]. Co‐primary endpoints were changes in serum oligosaccharide (S‐oligo) and in the 3‐min stair‐climb test (3MSCT).ResultsMean relative change in S‐oligo in the VA arm was −77.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) −81.6 to −72.8] at week 52 and −62.9% (95% CI −85.8 to −40.0) at LO; mean relative change in the placebo arm was −24.1% (95% CI −40.3 to −3.6) at week 52 and −55.7% (95% CI −76.4 to −34.9) at LO after switch to active treatment. Mean relative change in 3MSCT at week 52 was −1.1% (95% CI −9.0 to 7.6) and − % (95% CI −13.4 to 6.5) for VA and placebo, respectively. At LO, the mean relative change was 3.9% (95% CI −5.5 to 13.2) in the VA arm and 9.0% (95% CI −10.3 to 28.3) in placebo patients after switch to active treatment. Similar improvement pattern was observed in secondary parameters. A post hoc analysis investigated whether some factors at baseline could account for treatment outcome; none of those factors were predictive of the response to VA, besides age.ConclusionsThese findings support the utility of VA for the treatment of AM, with more evident benefit over time and when treatment is started in the paediatric age.
Amyloid positron emission tomography candidates may focus more on benefits than risks of results disclosure
Authors: Lingler Jennifer H. , Roberts J. Scott , Kim Hyejin , Morris Jonna L. , Hu Lu , Mattos Meghan , McDade Eric , Lopez Oscar L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionGiven mounting calls to disclose biomarker test results to research participants, we explored factors underlying decisions by patients with mild cognitive impairment to receive amyloid imaging results.MethodsProspective, qualitative interviews were conducted with 59 participants (30 = mild cognitive impairment patients, 29 = care partners) from the scan arm of a randomized controlled trial on the effects of amyloid PET results disclosure in an Alzheimer Disease Research Center setting.ResultsSixty‐three percent of the participants were female, with an average age of 72.9 years, and most had greater than a high school level of education (80%). Primary motivations included: (1) better understanding one's mild cognitive impairment etiology and prognosis to plan ahead, and (2) learning one's brain amyloid status for knowledge's sake, regardless of whether the information is actionable. Most participants demonstrated an adequate understanding of the scan's limitations, yet instances of characterizing amyloid PET as a definitive test for Alzheimer's disease occurred. Mention of potential drawbacks, such as negative psychological outcomes, was minimal, even among care partners.DiscussionFindings demonstrate a risk of disproportionate focus on possible benefits of testing among amyloid scan candidates and suggest a need to clearly emphasize the limitations of amyloid PET when counseling cognitively impaired patients and their families before testing. Future research should examine whether minimizing drawbacks at the pre‐imaging stage has adverse consequences on results disclosure.
Effects of Paroxetine on Motor and Cognitive Function Recovery in Patients with Non-Depressed Ischemic Stroke: An Open Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Pan Xiao-Ling , Chen Hong-Fang , Cheng Xing , Hu Chuan-Chen , Wang Jian-Wei , Fu Ya-Ming , Kong Hui-Mei , Shao Hui-Jun 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: To investigate the effects of paroxetine (PAR) on motor and cognitive function recovery in patients with non-depressed ischemic stroke (nD-AIS).Methods: One hundred sixty-seven patients hospitalized for non-depressed acute ischemic stroke were selected and divided into treatment (T) and control (C) groups using a random number table. All patients received conventional secondary ischemic stroke prevention and rehabilitation training; patients in Group T additionally received treatment with PAR (10 mg/day during week 1 and 20 mg/day thereafter) for 3 months. The follow-up observation lasted 6 months. The Fugl–Meyer motor scale (FMMS), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used on D0, D15, D90, and D180 (T0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively; D180 = 90 days after treatment cessation) after study initiation, and scores were compared between the groups.Results: The FMMS and MoCA scores differed significantly between Groups T and C at T2 and T3 (p < .05); by contrast, these scores did not differ significantly between the groups at T1 (p > .05). Furthermore, the HAMD scores differed significantly between the two groups at T3 (p < .05), but not at T1 and T2 (p > .05).Conclusions: PAR treatment may improve motor and cognitive function recovery in patients with nD-AIS. Moreover, PAR may reduce the occurrence of depression after stroke.
Mutual Trust and the Dark Horse of Civil Justice
Authors: STORSKRUBB Eva 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHow to understand and deal with the principle of mutual trust, its emanations, interpretations, and imperatives has in recent years become one of the central and most critical issues in the development of the Area of Freedom Security and Justice (AFSJ). Civil justice may be the dark horse with respect to mutual trust among the policy areas of the AFSJ in the sense that it may show useful but hitherto hidden possibilities and have an un-tipped winning strategy. In particular, the balancing safeguards in legislation, the importance of which have been confirmed in case law, are important to ensure the fundamental right to a fair trial. However, that does not mean that mutual trust does not pose challenges in the context of civil justice. Hence, it remains important to focus on how—normatively, and by which regulatory means—to support mutual trust as well as how to balance, and perhaps limit, its implementation in order to enhance its legitimacy. In addition, the recent pressures towards harmonisation need to be carefully analysed.
Understanding why older adults choose to seek non-urgent care in the emergency department: the patient’s perspective
Authors: Goodridge Donna , Stempien James 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesOlder adults make up a significant proportion of patients seeking care in the ED, with about 25% of these visits classified as “non-urgent.” This study explored older adults’ understandings, expectations of and self-reported reasons for seeking care and treatment provided in the ED.MethodsThis qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with CTAS 4-5 patients conducted at randomly selected times and days during ED visits at three Saskatoon facilities in 2016. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview data.Results115 patients over age 65 years (mean age 79.1 years) were interviewed. While the majority had independently or with family made the decision to attend the ED, almost one-third of patients (31.6%) reported that they had been referred to the ED by general practitioners or specialists. Few respondents indicated the visit was the result of their general practitioner not being available. Most participants cited comprehensiveness and convenience of diagnostic and treatment services in a single location as the primary motivation for seeking treatment in the ED, which was especially important to those in poor health, without family supports, or with functional limitations, personal mobility and/or transportation challenges. Other common motivations were availability of after-hours care and perceived higher quality care compared to primary care.ConclusionsAccessibility to comprehensive care, availability, quality of care and positive past experiences were key considerations for older adults seeking treatment of non-urgent concerns. Older adults will likely continue to use EDs for non-urgent medical care until trusted, “one-stop” settings that better addresses the needs of this population are more widely available.
Application of quality improvement analytic methodology in emergency medicine research: A comparative evaluation
Authors: Harries Bruce , Filiatrault Lyne , Abu-Laban Riyad B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveQuality improvement (QI) analytic methodology is rarely encountered in the emergency medicine literature. We sought to comparatively apply QI design and analysis techniques to an existing data set, and discuss these techniques as an alternative to standard research methodology for evaluating a change in a process of care.MethodsWe used data from a previously published randomized controlled trial on triage-nurse initiated radiography using the Ottawa ankle rules (OAR). QI analytic tools were applied to the data set from this study and evaluated comparatively against the original standard research methodology.ResultsThe original study concluded that triage nurse-initiated radiographs led to a statistically significant decrease in mean emergency department length of stay. Using QI analytic methodology, we applied control charts and interpreted the results using established methods that preserved the time sequence of the data. This analysis found a compelling signal of a positive treatment effect that would have been identified after the enrolment of 58% of the original study sample, and in the 6th month of this 11-month study.ConclusionsOur comparative analysis demonstrates some of the potential benefits of QI analytic methodology. We found that had this approach been used in the original study, insights regarding the benefits of nurse-initiated radiography using the OAR would have been achieved earlier, and thus potentially at a lower cost. In situations where the overarching aim is to accelerate implementation of practice improvement to benefit future patients, we believe that increased consideration should be given to the use of QI analytic methodology.
Issue Ownership and Electoral Rule: Empirical Evidence from Japan
Authors: Kim Yong Jae 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article examines the effects of electoral systems on issue ownership. This study argues that electoral rules significantly affect issue ownership because they prompt candidates to adopt different types of electoral campaigns. Compared to the single non-transferable vote (SNTV) system, the mixed-member majoritarian (MMM) system prods candidates to change the pattern of electoral campaigns from candidate-centred to issue-centred competition. In particular, partisan issue effects are more effective in gaining votes under the MMM. To support the argument, I find evidence from content analyses of party manifestos and multinomial logistic regression models of electoral surveys between the pre-reform and post-reform elections in Japan.
Dimensions of Radiocarbon Variability within Sedimentary Organic Matter
Authors: Bao Rui , McNichol Ann P , McIntyre Cameron P , Xu Li , Eglinton Timothy I 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTOrganic carbon (OC) radiocarbon (14C) signatures in marine surface sediments are highly variable and the causes of this heterogeneity remain ambiguous. Here, we present results from a detailed 14C-based investigation of an Arabian Sea sediment, including measurements on organic matter (OM) in bulk sediment, specific grain size fractions, and OC decomposition products from ramped-pyrolysis-oxidation (RPO). Our results show that 14C ages of OM increase with increasing grain size, suggesting that grain size is an important factor controlling the 14C heterogeneity in marine sediments. Analysis of RPO decomposition products from different grain size fractions reveals an overall increase in age of corresponding thermal fractions from finer to coarser fractions. We suggest that hydrodynamic properties of sediment grains exert the important control on the 14C age distribution of OM among grain size fractions. We propose a conceptual model to account for this dimensionality in 14C variability that invokes two predominant modes of OM preservation within different grain size fractions of Arabian Sea sediment: finer (<63 µm) fractions are influenced by OM-mineral grain aggregation processes, giving rise to relatively uniform 14C ages, whereas OM preserved in coarser (>63 µm) fractions includes materials encapsulated within microfossils and/or entrained fossil (14C-depleted) OC hosted in detrital mineral grains. Our findings highlight the value of RPO for assessment of 14C age variability in sedimentary OC, and for assessing mechanisms of OM preservation in aquatic sediments.
Potato consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer in the HELGA cohort
Authors: Åsli Lene A. , Braaten Tonje , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Nilsson Lena Maria , Renström Frida , Lund Eiliv , Skeie Guri 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPotatoes have been a staple food in many countries throughout the years. Potatoes have a high glycaemic index (GI) score, and high GI has been associated with several chronic diseases and cancers. Still, the research on potatoes and health is scarce and contradictive, and we identified no prospective studies that had investigated the association between potatoes as a single food and the risk of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between potato consumption and pancreatic cancer among 114 240 men and women in the prospective HELGA cohort, using Cox proportional hazard models. Information on diet (validated FFQ’s), lifestyle and health was collected by means of a questionnaire, and 221 pancreatic cancer cases were identified through cancer registries. The mean follow-up time was 11·4 (95 % CI 0·3, 16·9) years. High consumption of potatoes showed a non-significantly higher risk of pancreatic cancer in the adjusted model (hazard ratio (HR) 1·44; 95 % CI 0·93, 2·22,Pfor trend0·030) when comparing the highestv.the lowest quartile of potato consumption. In the sex-specific analyses, significant associations were found for females (HR 2·00; 95 % CI 1·07, 3·72,Pfor trend0·020), but not for males (HR 1·01; 95 % CI 0·56, 1·84,Pfor trend0·34). In addition, we explored the associations by spline regression, and the absence of dose–response effects was confirmed. In this study, high potato consumption was not consistently associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. Further studies with larger populations are needed to explore the possible sex difference.
What is the effect of diet and/or exercise interventions on behavioural compensation in non-exercise physical activity and related energy expenditure of free-living adults? A systematic review
Authors: Silva Analiza M. , Júdice Pedro B. , Carraça Eliana V. , King Neil , Teixeira Pedro J. , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNon-exercise physical activity (NEPA) and/or non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) reductions may occur from diet and/or exercise-induced negative energy balance interventions, resulting in less-than-expected weight loss. This systematic review describes the effects of prescribed diet and/or physical activity (PA)/exercise on NEPA and/or NEAT in adults. Studies were identified from PubMed, web-of-knowledge, Embase, SPORTDiscus, ERIC and PsycINFO searches up to 1 March 2017. Eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCT), randomised trials (RT) and non-randomised trials (NRT); objective measures of PA and energy expenditure; data on NEPA, NEAT and spontaneous PA; ≥10 healthy male/female aged>18 years; and ≥7 d length. The trial is registered at PROSPERO-2017-CRD42017052635. In all, thirty-six articles (RCT-10, RT-9, NRT-17) with a total of seventy intervention arms (diet, exercise, combined diet/exercise), with a total of 1561 participants, were included. Compensation was observed in twenty-six out of seventy intervention arms (fifteen studies out of thirty-six reporting declines in NEAT (eight), NEPA (four) or both (three)) representing 63, 27 and 23 % of diet-only, combined diet/exercise, and exercise-only intervention arms, respectively. Weight loss observed in participants who decreased NEAT was double the weight loss found in those who did not compensate, suggesting that the energy imbalance degree may lead to energy conservation. Although these findings do not support the hypothesis that prescribed diet and/or exercise results in decreased NEAT and NEPA in healthy adults, the underpowered trial design and the lack of state-of-the-art methods may limit these conclusions. Future studies should explore the impact of weight-loss magnitude, energetic restriction degree, exercise dose and participant characteristics on NEAT and/or NEPA.
A bedtime milk snack does not impact RMR, substrate utilisation and appetite the following morning in mildly overweight males
Authors: Lay Arthur H. H. , Crabtree Daniel R. , Campbell Tom G. , Dreczkowski Gillian M. , Galloway Stuart D. R. , Tipton Kevin D. , Witard Oliver C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNighttime eating is often associated with a negative impact on weight management and cardiometabolic health. However, data from recent acute metabolic studies have implicated a benefit of ingesting a bedtime snack for weight management. The present study compared the impact of ingesting a milk snack containing either 10 (BS10) or 30 g (BS30) protein with a non-energetic placebo (BS0) 30 min before bedtime on next morning metabolism, appetite and energy intake in mildly overweight males (age: 24·3 (sem 0·8) years; BMI: 27·4 (sem 1·1) kg/m2). Next morning measurements of RMR, appetite and energy intake were measured using indirect calorimetry, visual analogue scales and an ad libitum breakfast, respectively. Bedtime milk ingestion did not alter next morning RMR (BS0: 7822 (sem 276) kJ/d, BS10: 7482 (sem 262) kJ/d, BS30: 7851 (sem 261) kJ/d, P=0·19) or substrate utilisation as measured by RER (P=0·64). Bedtime milk ingestion reduced hunger (P=0·01) and increased fullness (P=0·04) during the evening immediately after snack ingestion, but elicited no effect the next morning. Next morning breakfast (BS0: 2187 (sem 365) kJ, BS10: 2070 (sem 336) kJ, BS30: 2582 (sem 384) kJ, P=0·21) and 24 h post-trial (P=0·95) energy intake was similar between conditions. To conclude, in mildly overweight adults, compared with a non-energetic placebo, a bedtime milk snack containing 10 or 30 g of protein does not confer changes in next morning whole-body metabolism and appetite that may favour weight management.