bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ursolic acid prevents doxorubicin‐induced cardiac toxicity in mice through eNOS activation and inhibition of eNOS uncoupling
Authors: Mu Haiman , Liu Haiwen , Zhang Jiayi , Huang Jianhua , Zhu Chen , Lu Yue , Shi Yueping , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn addition to the known antitumour effects of ursolic acid (UA), increasing evidence indicates that this molecule plays a role in cardiac protection. In this study, the effects of ursolic acid on the heart in mice treated with doxorubicin (DOX) were assessed. The results showed that ursolic acid improved left ventrical fractional shortening (LVFS) and left ventrical ejection fraction (LVEF) of the heart, increased nitrogen oxide (NO) levels, inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased cardiac apoptosis in mice treated with doxorubicin. Mechanistically, ursolic acid increased AKT and endothelial nitric‐oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation levels, and enhanced eNOS expression, while inhibiting doxorubicin induced eNOS uncoupling through NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) down‐regulation. These effects of ursolic acid resulted in heart protection from doxorubicin‐induced injury. Therefore, ursolic acid may be considered a potential therapeutic agent for doxorubicin‐associated cardiac toxicity in clinical practice.
Platform market competition with endogenous side decisions
Authors: Choi Jay Pil , Zennyo Yusuke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper develops a framework to analyze platform competition in two‐sided markets in which agents endogenously decide on which side of a platform to join. We characterize the equilibrium pricing structure and perform a comparative statics analysis on how the distribution of agents’ preferences affects the platforms’ profits. We also show that the market equilibrium under profit‐maximizing platforms leads to the first best social surplus, which illustrates the importance of the price mechanism to induce more balanced participation across the two sides. This framework can be applied to analyze market competition for “rental” or “sharing” platforms. In addition, we extend our analysis to consider an initial investment stage, which makes participants the owner of some durable goods to rent out.
Interdisciplinary full‐mouth rehabilitation for redefining esthetics, function, and orofacial harmony
Authors: Edelhoff Daniel , Probst Florian , Ehrenfeld Michael , Prandtner Otto , Schweiger Josef , Liebermann Anja 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn severe congenital or acquired orofacial anomalies, both dental esthetics and function are usually compromised. In particular, the esthetic ideas of the final desired appearance may differ from patient to patient, as the human esthetic sensibility differs significantly. Especially in complex cases, digital technology today offers outstanding improvements and simplifications in craniomaxillofacial surgical and prosthetic treatments, leading to a wide range of planning and pretreatment options.Clinical ConsiderationsThis case report describes a patient‐oriented interdisciplinary craniomaxillofacial surgical and prosthetic treatment with noninvasive tooth‐colored splints, a Le Fort I osteotomy, and a full‐mouth rehabilitation to meet the patient's demand for better function as well as orofacial esthetics and harmony.ConclusionsBy means of the digitally planned Le Fort I intervention and completion of the prosthetic rehabilitation, it was possible to optimize esthetics and facial harmony.Clinical SignificanceIn complex cases, digital technology today offers outstanding improvements and simplifications in craniomaxillofacial surgery and prosthetic treatments, leading to a wide range of planning and pretreatment options. Computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing technology enables the fabrication of tooth‐colored flexible polycarbonate splints that offer a noninvasive, removable, functional, and esthetic solution. In intricate cases involving craniomaxillofacial anomalies, often together with necessary orofacial surgeries or prosthetic treatments due to moderate to severe tooth wear, such digital preprosthetic treatment and planning options represent an important enhancement with more predictable results.
Developmental pathways for shaping spike inflorescence architecture in barley and wheat
Authors: Koppolu Ravi , Schnurbusch Thorsten 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGrass species display a wide array of inflorescences ranging from highly branched compound/panicle inflorescences to unbranched spike inflorescences. The unbranched spike is a characteristic feature of the species of tribe Triticeae, including economically important crops, such as wheat and barley. In this review, we describe two important developmental genetic mechanisms regulating spike inflorescence architecture in barley and wheat. These include genetic regulation of (i) row‐type pathway specific to Hordeum species and (ii) unbranched spike development in barley and wheat. For a comparative understanding, we describe the branched inflorescence phenotypes of rice and maize along with unbranched Triticeae inflorescences. In the end, we propose a simplified model describing a probable mechanism leading to unbranched spike formation in Triticeae species.
Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and H2O2 metabolism
Authors: Corpas Francisco J. , del Río Luis A. , Palma José M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlant peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in many biochemical pathways during the life cycle of a plant but also in the mechanism of response against adverse environmental conditions. These organelles have an active nitro‐oxidative metabolism under physiological conditions but this could be exacerbated under stress situations. Furthermore, peroxisomes have the capacity to proliferate and also undergo biochemical adaptations depending on the surrounding cellular status. An important characteristic of peroxisomes is that they have a dynamic metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) which generates two key molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These molecules can exert signaling functions by means of post‐translational modifications that affect the functionality of target molecules like proteins, peptides or fatty acids. This review provides an overview of the endogenous metabolism of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes with special emphasis on polyamine and uric acid metabolism as well as the possibility that these organelles could be a source of signal molecules involved in the functional interconnection with other subcellular compartments.
Feasibility of a dance and exercise with music programme on adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Martínez‐Aldao D. , Martínez‐Lemos I. , Bouzas‐Rico S. , Ayán‐Pérez C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundResearch regarding the feasibility and effects of dancing and exercise with musical support programmes on the physical fitness of adults with intellectual disability (ID) is scarce. The purpose of this study was to provide scientific evidence regarding the feasibility of a training programme consisting of dancing and exercise with music designed for adults with ID, as well as to assess its impact on their body composition and cardiovascular and muscular fitness.MethodsA total of 30 adults (mean age 36.37 ± 11.24 years) with mild (n = 13), moderate (n = 16) or severe (n = 1) ID took part in a 10‐week dancing and exercise with music programme. Recruitment and completion rate, adherence to the programme, participation and adverse effects were registered as measures of feasibility. The body mass index, cardiovascular endurance (6‐min walk test) and muscular strength (standing long jump test) of the participants were assessed in order to determine the effects of the programme on their fitness level.ResultsA 92.5% recruitment rate and a 90% completion rate were achieved. Adherence to the programme stood at 76.6%, and no adverse effects were registered. The comparison between the values obtained in the initial and final evaluations indicated the existence of positive changes in all the fitness dimensions measured.ConclusionA training programme combining dancing and exercise with music proved to be feasible when performed by adults with ID. These kind of programmes can have a positive effect on the fitness level of this specific group.
CBT for late‐life insomnia and the accuracy of sleep and wake perceptions: Results from a randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Dzierzewski Joseph M. , Martin Jennifer L. , Fung Constance H. , Song Yeonsu , Fiorentino Lavinia , Jouldjian Stella , Rodriguez Juan Carlos , Mitchell Michael , Josephson Karen , Alessi Cathy A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSubjective and objective estimates of sleep are often discordant among individuals with insomnia who typically under‐report sleep time and over‐report wake time at night. This study examined the impact and durability of cognitive‐behavioural therapy for insomnia on improving the accuracy of sleep and wake perceptions in older adults, and tested whether changes in sleep quality were related to changes in the accuracy of sleep/wake perceptions. One‐hundred and fifty‐nine older veterans (97% male, mean age 72.2 years) who met diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder were randomized to: (1) cognitive‐behavioural therapy for insomnia (n = 106); or (2) attention control (n = 53). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post‐treatment, 6‐months and 12‐months follow‐up. Sleep measures included objective (via wrist actigraphy) and subjective (via self‐report diary) total sleep time and total wake time, along with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score. Discrepancy was computed as the difference between objective and subjective estimates of wake and sleep. Minutes of discrepancy were compared between groups across time, as were the relationships between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores and subsequent changes in discrepancy. Compared with controls, participants randomized to cognitive‐behavioural therapy for insomnia became more accurate (i.e. minutes discrepancy was reduced) in their perceptions of sleep/wake at post‐treatment, 6‐months and 12‐months follow‐up (p < .05). Improved Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores at each study assessment preceded and predicted reduced discrepancy at the next study assessment (p < .05). Cognitive‐behavioural therapy for insomnia reduces sleep/wake discrepancy among older adults with insomnia. The reductions may be driven by improvements in sleep quality. Improving sleep quality appears to be a viable path to improving sleep perception and may contribute to the underlying effectiveness of cognitive‐behavioural therapy for insomnia.
Short sleep—poor sleep? A polysomnographic study in a large population‐based sample of women
Authors: Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Schwarz Johanna , Gruber Georg , Theorell‐Haglöw Jenny , Lindberg Eva 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is a lack of studies on the association between total sleep time (TST) and other polysomnographical parameters. A key question is whether a short sleep is an expression of habitual short sleep, or whether it reflects temporary impairment. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between TST and amount of sleep stages and sleep continuity measures, in a large population‐based sample of women (n = 385), sleeping at home in a normal daily life setting. The results show that sleep efficiency, N1 (min), N2 (min), REM (min), REM% and proportion of long sleep segments, increased with increasing TST, whereas the number of awakenings/hr, the number of arousals/hr, N1% and REM intensity decreased. In addition, longer sleep was more associated with TST being perceived as of “usual” duration and with better subjective sleep quality. TST was not associated with habitual reported sleep duration. It was concluded that short TST of a recorded sleep in a real‐life context may be an indicator of poor objective sleep quality for that particular sleep episode. Because individuals clearly perceived this reduction, it appears that self‐reports of poor sleep quality often may be seen as indicators of poor sleep quality. It is also concluded that PSG‐recorded sleep duration does not reflect habitual reported sleep duration in the present real‐life context.
Imagining informal empire: Nineteenth‐century British literature and Latin America
Authors: Knox Marisa Palacios 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis essay examines the emerging field of literary scholarship on Great Britain's “informal empire” in nineteenth‐century Latin America following independence from the Spanish and Portuguese empires. While “informal empire” was originally theorized as a concept within the field of economic history to describe the means by which Great Britain exercised political influence in sovereign states of Latin America through finance and commerce, it has also become a useful framework with which to analyze the literature of the period and its varied depictions of Latin America in multiple, overlapping forms: travel writing, science writing, poems, and novels. Just as some historians argue that informal empire is essentially the continuation of formal empire, some literary scholars read Romantic and Victorian literature about Latin America as another form of imperialist dominance. Most recent criticism, however, has highlighted the ambiguities, paradoxes, and ironies of nineteenth‐century British literature of informal empire, which seems to dwell on failure as much as fantasy, and the inaccessible past as much as the present and future.
Determinants of growth in HIV‐exposed and HIV‐uninfected infants in the Kabeho Study
Authors: Lane Charlotte E. , Bobrow Emily A. , Ndatimana Diuedonne , Ndayisaba Gilles F. , Adair Linda S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHIV‐exposed and HIV‐uninfected (HEU) infants may be at increased risk of poor health and growth outcomes. We characterized infant growth trajectories in a cohort of HEU infants to identify factors associated with healthy growth. HIV‐positive women participating in prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission programmes in Kigali, Rwanda, were followed until their infants were 2 years old. Infant anthropometrics were regularly collected. Latent class analysis was used to categorize infant growth trajectories. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of infants belonging to each growth trajectory class. On average, this population of HEU infants had moderate linear growth faltering, but only modest faltering in weight, resulting in mean weight‐for‐length z‐score (WLZ) above the World Health Organization (WHO) median. Mean WLZ was 0.53, and mean length‐for‐age z‐score (LAZ) was −1.14 over the first 2 years of life. We identified four unique WLZ trajectories and seven trajectories in LAZ. Low neonatal weight‐for‐age and a high rate of illness increased the likelihood that infants were in the lightest WLZ class. Shorter mothers were more likely to have infants with linear growth faltering. Female infants who were older at the end of exclusive breastfeeding were more likely to be in the second tallest LAZ class. In conclusion, the current WHO recommendations of Option B+ and extended breastfeeding may induce higher WLZ and lower LAZ early in infancy. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in growth patterns that is obscured by simply analysing average growth trends, necessitating the analysis of growth in subpopulations.
Altered globotriaosylceramide accumulation and mucosal neuronal fiber density in the colon of the Fabry disease mouse model
Authors: Masotti Martina , Delprete Cecilia , Dothel Giovanni , Donadio Vincenzo , Rimondini Roberto , Politei Juan Manuel , Liguori Rocco , Caprini Marco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundFabry disease (FD) is a hereditary X‐linked metabolic storage disorder characterized by deficient or absent lysosomal α‐galactosidase A (α‐Gal A) activity. This deficiency causes progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids, primarily globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in nearly all organ systems. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can be very debilitating and are among the most frequent and earliest of the disease. As the pathophysiology of these symptoms is poorly understood, we carried out a morphological and molecular characterization of the GI tract in α‐Gal A knockout mice colon in order to reveal the underlying mechanisms.MethodsHere, we performed the first morphological and biomolecular characterization of the colon wall structure in the GI tract of the α‐Gal A knock‐out mouse (α‐Gal A −/0), a murine model of FD.Key ResultsOur data show a greater thickness of the gastrointestinal wall in α‐Gal A (−/0) mice due to enlarged myenteric plexus' ganglia. This change is paralleled by a marked Gb3 accumulation in the gastrointestinal wall and a decreased and scattered pattern of mucosal nerve fibers.Conclusions and InferencesThe observed alterations are likely to be a leading cause of gut motor dysfunctions experienced by FD patients and imply that the α‐Gal A (−/0) male mouse represents a reliable model for translational studies on enteropathic pain and GI symptoms in FD.
Prevention of physical restraint use among nursing home residents in Australia: The top three recommendations from experts and stakeholders
Authors: Bellenger Emma N. , Ibrahim Joseph E. , Kennedy Briohny , Bugeja Lyndal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and prioritise recommendations to prevent the use of physical restraints among nursing home residents.MethodsThis study comprised two expert and stakeholder consultation forums using a modified nominal group technique and a follow‐up electronic survey to rank the final set of recommendations.ResultsThere were 15 recommendations formulated to prevent the use of physical restraint among nursing home residents. The three recommendations ranked as most important were that: a single definition be mandated for describing “physical restraint”; use of physical restraint acts as a trigger for mandatory referral to a specialist aged care team; and nursing home staff profile and competencies are appropriate to meet the complex needs of residents with dementia and obviate the need to apply physical restraint.ConclusionsFuture studies should investigate the feasibility of implementing these recommendations and whether the proposed interventions reduce the use of physical restraint.ImplicationsImplementation of recommendations to prevent the use of physical restraint may assist nursing home staff, providers and policy makers to deliver improved care that is more aligned with contemporary views of human rights.
Single injection ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath blocks for children: Distribution of injected anesthetic
Authors: Visoiu Mihaela , Hauber John , Scholz Stefan 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundSingle injection ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath blocks are used for postoperative analgesia after midline abdominal incisions, but the ultrasonographic spread of medication posterior to the rectus muscle has not been investigated.AimsThe primary goal of this study was to determine the ultrasound‐measured medication spread superiorly and inferiorly after single injection ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath blocks and to calculate the incidence of cases with spread up to the subcostal margin and below of umbilicus. The secondary goals were to correlate the spread with the volume of medication administered and with the patient's age, weight, height, sex, and body mass index.MethodsPediatric patients who underwent single injection ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath blocks and underwent data collection of ultrasonographic information on medication spread along the plane of the posterior rectus sheath were identified retrospectively from an acute pain service database at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.ResultsSixty‐eight children, 10.2 ± 4.2 (mean ± SD) years old, 41.7 ± 17.9 kg, 140 ± 24.6 cm, had complete data collection. Mean injected volume of ropivacaine was 8.3 ± 2.8 mL (right) and 8.2 ± 2.8 mL (left). The average spread was measured as 3.9 ± 1.4 cm (right) and 3.4 ± 1.3 cm (left) cranial to the umbilicus, and 1.5 ± 1.6 cm (right) and 1.6 ± 1.4 cm (left) caudal to the umbilicus. Complete spread up to the level of the subcostal margin was observed in 52.9% (n = 36; right) and 36.8% (n = 25; left) of cases. The spread correlated closely with the volume of injected ropivacaine (right: 0.556, P < 0.001; left: 0.541, P < 0.001). The spread below umbilicus was 70.6% (n = 48, right) and 80.9% (n = 55, left). There was a positive strong correlation (P < 0.001) between total medication spread and age (right: 0.608; left: 0.538), weight (right: 0.600; left: 0.540), and height (right: 0.593; left: 0.526).ConclusionAfter single injection ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath blocks, incomplete cephalocaudal medication spread can be expected within the posterior rectus sheath.
Moderate‐severe primary graft dysfunction after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Mowers Katie L. , Simpson Kathleen E. , Gazit Avihu Z. , Eghtesady Pirooz , Canter Charles E. , Castleberry Chesney D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPGD is a complication after heart transplantation (OHT) and a significant cause of mortality, particularly in infant recipients. Lack of standardized definition of PGD in the pediatric population makes the prevalence and magnitude of impact unclear.MethodsISHLT PGD consensus guidelines, which include inotrope scores and need for MCS, were applied retrospectively to 208 pediatric OHT recipients from a single institution from 1/2005‐5/2016. PGD was defined as: moderate PGD—inotrope score >10 on postoperative day 1 (24‐48 hours), and severe PGD—MCS within 24 hours (in the absence of detectable rejection).ResultsPGD occurred in 34 patients (16.3%); 14 of which had severe PGD (6.7%). Multivariate risk factors for PGD included CPB time (OR 10.3/10 min, 95% 10.05, 10.2, P = 0.03), Fontan palliation (OR 1.9, 95% 1.2, 3.97), and PCM (OR 5.65, 95% 1.52, 22.4); but not age, weight, ischemic time, or donor characteristics. Upon sub‐analysis excluding patients with PCM, increased CPB was a significant multivariate risk factor (OR 10.09, 95% 9.89, 10.12, P = 0.003). Patients with PGD had decreased discharge survival compared to those without PGD (85% vs 96%, P < 0.01). Severe PGD was associated with the poorest 1‐year survival (57% vs 91% without PGD, P = 0.04).ConclusionPatients with prolonged CPB are potentially at risk for developing PGD. Neither infant recipients nor donor characteristics were associated with an increased risk of PGD in the current era.
Striking coincidences: How realists should reason about them
Authors: Hopster Jeroen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany metaethicists assume that our normative judgments are both by and large true, and the product of causal forces. In other words, many metaethicists assume that the set of normative judgments that causal forces have led us to make largely coincides with the set of true normative judgments. How should we explain this coincidence? This is what Sharon Street (2006) calls the practical/theoretical puzzle. Some metaethicists can easily solve this puzzle, but not all of them can, Street argues; she takes the puzzle to constitute a specific challenge for normative realism. In this article I elucidate Street’s puzzle and outline possible solutions to it, framed in terms of a general strategy for reasoning about coincidences. I argue that the success of Street’s challenge crucially depends on how we set the ‘reference class’ of normative judgments that we could have endorsed, assuming realism. I conclude that while the practical/theoretical puzzle falls short of posing a general challenge for normative realism, it can be successful as a selective challenge for specific realist views.