bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of parenteral viral hepatitis B and C markers among migrants in the North-West Federal District
Authors: Serikova E. N. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Anufrieva E. V. , Reingardt D. E. , Schemelev A. N. , Zueva E. B. , Ivanova A. R. , Semenov A. V. , Totolian A. A. 
Published: November 2024

The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of serological and molecular biological markers of parenteral viral hepatitis B and C among international migrants in the North-West Federal District (NWFD).Materials and methods. The study included 537 blood plasma samples obtained from foreign nationals from 46 countries who underwent medical examination to obtain a work permit in the Migration Department of the North-West Federal District. We assayed for the presence of serological (anti-HCV IgG, HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG, anti-HBs IgG) and molecular biological (HCV RNA, HBV DNA) markers.Results and discussion. More than 80% of the examined citizens belonged to 11 out of 46 represented countries. The analysis revealed 6.1% of persons with anti-HCV IgG antibodies and 2.6% with HBsAg. HCV RNA and HBV DNA were detected in 2.79% and 8.19%, respectively. Among HCV RNA-positive individuals, four (0.74%) were undetectable for anti-HCV. 6.15% of HBsAg-negative hepatitis B patients were detected. The contribution of migrants’ countries of origin to the frequencies of serological and molecular biological markers of hepatitis B and C identiﬁed in the surveyed group is discussed.Conclusion. The study of migration processes and associated ﬂows of socially signiﬁcant infections plays a key role in controlling the spread of infectious diseases on the territory of the Russian Federation, including the strengthening of the Russian Federation’s strategy for the elimination of viral hepatitis.
THE RIGHT OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO THE IJARAH 'ALA AL-'AMAL CONTRACT
Authors: Dedi Setiawan  , Teuku Reza Surya  
Published: November 2024

Every prisoner has the right to guarantee work safety, wages or premiums from the results of their work. However, at the Lhoknga Class III Penitentiary, the fulfilment of this right is not yet optimal because there are no regulations or laws that determine the nominal amount or percentage of wages that prisoners must receive. Currently, the amount of wages received by inmates is only determined based on the policy of the Head of the local Correctional Institution. This article aims to explain the wage process applied by the Lhoknga Class III Penitentiary to prisoners, as well as to explain how the wages of prisoners in this institution are determined based on the ijarah 'ala al-'amal agreement. To obtain data, the author used qualitative research methods. The main data was collected through interviews with respondents and informants who were considered to have relevant information regarding the problem under study. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from reading sources such as books, journals, articles and other materials related to this research topic. From the research results, the fulfilment of the right to wages for work has not been optimal. Some prisoners' work activities do not yet receive decent wages, while in other activities, prisoners earn wages of 33% from sales of goods or products.
Brasil, um sistema social diante do caos:
Authors: Zorzi Felipe 
Published: November 2024

Qual foi o impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 sobre a estrutura de poder emergente no sistema social brasileiro? A pandemia causou isolamento social por dois anos. A desigualdade ficou evidente durante esse período. O Brasil apresenta alta concentração de riqueza, estudantes de diferentes classes recebem educação desigual, e as autoridades políticas não enfrentam tais dilemas. Nesse sentido, a crise pode ter afetado na socialização dos jovens para a política. A teoria dos sistemas sociais diz que a sociedade é um todo interdependente com funções que se interpenetram: educação, economia e política. Aplica-se análise sistêmica em dados de questionários (survey, 2015-2022) sobre política que turmas de jovens responderam em escolas públicas e privadas de ensino médio. A hipótese é que a pandemia aprofundou a concentração de poder na sociedade capitalista. Evidencia-se ampliação da alienação política de estudantes de grupos subalternos como resultado da qualidade desigual do seu aprendizado.

Palavras-chaves: teoria dos sistemas, socialização, política, desigualdade, pandemia
A Forma Empresa Nos Programas De Pós-Graduação: Docentes, Empreendedorismo De Si E Capital Humano
Authors: Almeida Leal Luiza , Hillesheim Betina 
Published: November 2024

As pós-graduações stricto sensu correspondem aos programas de mestrado e doutorado acadêmicos e/ou profissionais e a agência estatal de financiamento, regulação e controle – CAPES – é responsável pela sua avaliação. Nos últimos anos, os critérios quantitativos de produção acadêmica foram intensificados como parâmetros para a classificação. O presente texto discute os efeitos dessa lógica avaliativa sobre os modos de subjetivação das/os professoras/es de um programa de mestrado da área da Psicologia, inspirando-se na cartografia e utilizando o diário de campo como ferramenta de produção de dados. Discute-se como, apesar do produtivismo e da sobrecarga de trabalho, as/os professoras/es relatam prazer com o trabalho que realizam. Além disso, mesmo no período da pandemia da Covid-19, houve a manutenção do ritmo de trabalho, inclusive com aumento da carga. Dessa forma, evidencia-se uma busca constante por investimento em si, (re)produzindo uma forma empresa, a qual é marcada pelo acirramento competitivo da lógica empresarial.
Da decoração à tecelagem: processos e experiências da artista professora Dilma Góes
Authors: Rebouças Moema Martins , Mattos Ivana de Macedo 
Published: November 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar como o processo artístico conduz à docência e institui práticas e pesquisas em arte. Elege a artista e professora Dilma Góes professora do Centro de Artes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, entre os anos de 1968 a 1992. Analisa as performances artísticas e educativas presentes nas narrativas, nos documentos de docência e nos documentos de artista, por meio da metodologia de história de vida com ênfase nas narrativas da Dilma Góes. Conclui que a vida de Dilma se apresenta/se entrelaça na sua obra/produção, no transcorrer de sua vida de artista e de professora.
Er universitetspedagogiske kurs relevante? Erfaringer fra et kurs om diskusjon som læringsaktivitet
Authors: Breivik Jens , Ludvigsen Kristine , Pilskog Ingjald , Beisland Elisabeth Grov , Lundervold Alexander Selvikvåg 
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, we discuss the development of a university pedagogy course about how to facilitate discussion as a learning activity in higher education. Some critics have claimed that courses in university pedagogy have low relevance for university teachers. We discuss how this course is experienced by academic staff as relevant for their professional development. To develop the course, we have used a participatory action research design and invited course participants to join us in developing our practice.
Participants stressed the need for a balance between theoretical insight and practical strategies for implementing discussions as learning activities in their teaching and highlighted the value of collegial collaboration. Finally, participants recognized the importance of addressing the responsibilities and opportunities associated with their role as teachers in higher education.
Personlig utvikling som emne for studenter i høyere utdanning
Authors: Omholt Knut 
Published: November 2024

A large proportion of students at universities and university colleges in Norway have mental health challenges. How can we set up courses in a professional study program that promote their mental health and growth? This chapter outlines a course in personal development at a university. In accordance with its purpose, it differs in many ways from other academic courses. Our theoretical basis is that we psychologically consist of different subpersonalities. In the course, we address other aspects than those that are usually engaged in studies. The chapter explains how we can get in touch with some of these: We expand the realm of cognition by taking in bodily sensations, active imagination, the narrative we live and our interactions with other people, man-made things, and nature. Towards the end of the course, we look at how we can see our life not only in the mirror of society, but also in an inner mirror, a mirror of the soul. The involvement of the unconscious and the aesthetic provide a basis for postulating that third-order learning can take place in the course.
Students keep a visual and verbal journal throughout the course. In it, they express what they experience in the exercises and, by conversing with the expressions, they can enter into conversations with inner parts of themselves. Quotes from these journals show examples of what the students experienced.
The regulatory action of acetylcholine and its receptors on B4 and C4 leukotriene formation in the porcine endometrium after experimental inflammogenic Escherichia coli infection
Authors: Jana Barbara , Całka Jarosław , Bulc Michał , Kawka Dominika 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Endometritis is a very common pathology in animals which changes endometrial leukotriene (LT) formation and muscarinic 2 and 3 receptor subtypes (M2R/M3R) and α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (α-7 nAChR) expression patterns. With the relationship between ACh, its receptors and LT production remaining unclear, the role of M2R, M3R and α-7 nAChR in action of ACh on the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), LTA4 hydrolase (LTAH) and LTC4 synthase (LTCS) protein abundances in the inflamed porcine endometrium and on the tissue secretion of LTB4 and LTC4 were studied.

Material and Methods
On day three of the oestrous cycle in gilts aged 7–8 months, 50 mL of either saline solution (control group, n = 5) or an E. coli suspension at 109 colony-forming units/mL (E. coli group, n = 5), was injected into each uterine horn. Endometrial explants obtained eight days later, were incubated with ACh alone, antagonists of M2R, M3R and α-7 nAChR alone, or with ACh together with particular antagonists for 16 h. Enzyme abundances in endometrial tissue were estimated by Western blotting, and LT concentrations in medium by ELISA.

Results
Severe acute endometritis developed in the E. coli group. In the endometrial explants from both groups, ACh elevated 5-LO, LTAH and LTCS protein abundances and LTB4 and LTC4 release. In the E. coli group, ACh-induced 5-LO and LTCS abundances and LTB4 release were increased versus the control group. In both groups, the M3R antagonist with ACh reduced all ACh-stimulated enzyme abundances and LT release in comparison to the abundances and release mediated by ACh alone. This effect on LTCS protein abundance and LTB4 release was also produced by the M2R antagonist with ACh in the E. coli group. Compared to the effect of ACh alone, exposure of the E. coli group endometrium to the α-7 nAChR antagonist with ACh led to a rise in LTAH and LTCS protein abundances and LTB4 and LTC4 secretion.

Conclusion
In the inflamed pig endometrium, ACh increased 5-LO, LTAH and LTCS protein abundances and LTB4 and LTC4 release by M3R, and LTCS protein abundance and LTB4 release also by M2R. By interaction with α-7 nAChR, ACh reduced LTAH and LTCS protein abundances and the release of these LTs. Thus, in an indirect manner, ACh can affect LT-controlled processes.
Pflege und Pflegekosten in der Zukunft – Brauchen wir mehr Versicherungsschutz?
Authors: Kesternich Iris , Romahn André , Biesebroeck Johannes Van , Damme Marjolein Van 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We evaluate the effect of supplementary long-term care insurance, which would limit the costs of a stay in a care facility. A higher long-term care insurance subsidy reduces the costs of a stay in a care facility and increases the welfare of those in need of care. However, falling costs could lead to people in need of care switching from outpatient care to in-patient facilities, which would cause costs to rise sharply and exceed the welfare gains. The main beneficiaries of higher subsidies are unmarried people and those in need of care with very low and high incomes. A flat-rate subsidy would be preferable to a percentage-based subsidy.
Стратегии конструировании идентичности путешественников — русских дворян Н. М. Пржевальского и А. М. Оссендовского по Монголии
Authors: Поморцева Наталья Владимировна , Красильникова Светлана Валерьевна , Апакина Людмила Вячеславовна , Эрнисова Айгерим Эрнисовна 
Published: November 2024

В статье исследуется проблема конструирования представлений русских путешественников конца XIX –– начала XX в. Н. М. Пржевальского и А. М. Оссендовского о Монголии и рассматривается роль пространственных образов в осмыслении авторами травелогов собственной идентичности в свете концепции Космо-Психо-Логоса Г. Д. Гачева. Концепция ученого позволяет описать монгольскую культуру как единое семиотическое пространство, аккумулирующее архетипы сакрального ландшафта, национального характера и мышления.
Рассматривается восприятие авторами путешествий в Центральную Азию мифологемного образа невидимой страны Агарти (Пржевальский) и Агарты (Оссендовский), соотносимого в представлениях русских путешественников с широко распространенными легендами Тибета и Индии о стране Шамбала с одной стороны, и о Беловодье в представлениях старообрядцев Сибири — с другой.
Утверждается, что авторы путешествий в поликультурной среде использовали стратегию гибридной или смешанной идентичности. Нарратив о невидимой земле в сочинениях путешественников — это экзистенциальный опыт переживания «своего» и «чужого» пространства. Авторы путешествий демонстрируют открытость при восприятии элементов центральноазиатской культуры и воспринимают её как совместимую с родной.
Символическая мощность эвенкийского языка в контексте устойчивости этнической идентичности эвенков Якутии
Authors: Данилов Игорь Альбертович , Захарова Наталия Егоровна , Захарова Акулина Егоровна 
Published: November 2024

В статье анализируется символическая мощность эвенкийского языка в условиях неоднородной языковой ситуации, сложившейся в Республике Якутия (Россия). Авторы рассматривают устойчивость этнической идентичности эвенков как возможный ресурс для ревитализации эвенкийского языка. На основе данных полевых исследований, проведенных в 2022–2023 гг. в трех эвенкийских населенных пунктах Якутии (сс. Иенгра, Тяня, Таймылыр) с различной степенью сохранности этнического языка, авторы выявляют особенности трансформации роли эвенкийского языка в иерархии этнообразующих факторов местного населения.
Установлено, что в селах с относительно высокой витальностью эвенкийского языка язык по-прежнему выступает одним из ключевых маркеров этнической принадлежности. Показано, что в сообществах, давно утративших язык, ослабляется консолидирующая функция эвенкийского языка, смещаясь культурно-традиционными и историко-территориальными аспектами идентичности. Вместе с тем анализ языковых установок демонстрирует наличие прочной основы для ревитализации, сохранения и межпоколенной передачи эвенкийского языка.
Результаты исследования свидетельствуют, что несмотря на неоднородность языковой ситуации, различную степень языкового сдвига, устойчивость этнической идентичности эвенков Якутии обеспечивает высокую символическую мощность эвенкийского языка, что создает возможности для его возрождения. Для этого требуется реализация комплекса локально ориентированных институциональных и социокультурных мер, учитывающих специфику каждого эвенкийского поселения республики и направленных на всестороннюю поддержку эвенкийского языка.
Гендерная проблематика в тувинском Интернет-дискурсе
Authors: Боргоякова Тамара Герасимовна , Лопсан Алимаа Партизановна 
Published: November 2024

В статье анализируются константы, трансформации и проблемные зоны гендерных отношений в Республике Тыва, выявляемых в тувиноязычном Интернете. Материалами для анализа выступили тексты постов и их обсуждений в рамках пяти сообществ в социальной сети «ВКонтакте», а также интернет-версии статей республиканской газеты «Шын» (на тувинском языке) и для сравнения — «Тувинской правды» (на русском языке).
Определены наиболее актуальные вопросы и ориентации гендерной культуры в «живой» репрезентации современных носителей тувинского языка. Выявлены тенденции трансформации гендерных ролей в противоречивом соотношении с сохранностью традиционных представлений о социальных отношениях пола в тувинской традиционной культуре. Реализация принципов гендерного равенства отражена в дискурсивных практиках о тувинских женщинах — финансово независимых, самодостаточных, обеспечивающих себя и свою семью, и мужчинах, принимающих современную гендерную культуру, основанную на социальном равноправии полов. Повышение социального статуса женщин, их профессиональных и деловых успехов не изменило устойчивость стереотипных представлений о гендерной иерархии и закрепленности преимущественно за женщинами домашних обязанностей по уборке, уходу за детьми, приготовлению пищи и т. д. Проблемные зоны брачно-семейных отношений связаны с алкоголизмом, абьюзом, отсутствием материального достатка, склонностью к иждивенчеству и неверности.
Выявлены лексические и стилистические особенности разных типов дискурса, включая литературную и разговорную формы современного тувинского языка. К заметным особенностям тувинского дискурса социальных сетей относится активное присутствие ненормативной лексики. В официальном сегменте СМИ республики выявлена бỏльшая степень идеализации традиционных образов мужчины и женщины и их гендерных ролей в газете «Шын» и более высокий уровень критического освещения гендерных отношений в сочетании с доминированием позитивной репрезентации успешных мужчин и женщин Республики Тыва в «Тувинской правде».
Acute oral toxicity evaluation of p-propoxybenzoic acid in Sprague-Dawley rats according to OECD guideline 425 – Up and down method
Authors: Raval Keval , Tirgar Pravin 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to assess the acute oral toxicity of p-propoxybenzoic acid (p-PBA) following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 425.

Materials and Methods:
Then animals were equally divided into two groups: p-PBA and normal control (NC). The standardised up-and-down procedure involved a limit test, starting with a 2000 mg/kg dose of p-PBA in one animal of the p-PBA group. On confirming the absence of toxicity in one animal, the remaining four animals of p-PBA and five animals of NC group were treated with the same dose of p-PBA and vehicle (1 mL, 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose), respectively. Monitoring extended over a 14-day period, encompassing observations of body weight, behavioural patterns, blood serum parameters and histopathological examinations.

Results:
The study revealed no significant difference in the body weight of the p-PBA and NC groups over the 14-day observation period. Behavioural patterns, including respiration, sleep tendencies and itching, showed transient alterations in the p-PBA group, returning to baseline within the study period. Blood parameters, serum renal and lipid profile displayed no statistically significant differences between the groups. Histopathological analysis demonstrated no hypertrophy or abnormalities in the heart, kidney and liver. Minor muscular damage was observed in the heart and a loose network of neurons in the cerebellum.

Conclusion:
The absence of significant adverse effects on body weight, behavioural patterns and vital organs suggests a favourable safety profile. Minor histopathological findings indicate a nuanced impact on cardiac and neurological tissues, warranting further investigation. The study revealed the acute oral toxicity of p-PBA supporting its potential therapeutic applications.
Nail changes in dermatological diseases: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Warke Nupur , Padhiar Bela 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The nail unit is involved in many skin and systemic diseases. Although easy to examine, this part is often not given due importance. For this, a deeper understanding of the various finer details of the nail changes is required. This knowledge can serve as a valuable addition to the clinical evaluation to arrive at an accurate clinical diagnosis.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and spectrum of nail changes in patients with various dermatoses.

Material and Methods:
This was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. The sample size was calculated as 158. After Institutional Ethics Committee approval, patients were recruited by convenience sampling. Clinical examination and onychoscopy were done with photographic documentation after obtaining informed written consent. Descriptive statistics were applied for outcome variables, in the form of frequency and proportions.

Results:
A total of 163 patients (84 females and 79 males) were included in the study. The youngest patient was 1 year old, whereas the oldest was 78 years old. Dermatological disease seen in the study were clubbed into four major groups including infective (66 patients), inflammatory (64 patients), genodermatoses (10 patients), and miscellaneous (23 patients) disorders. The nail changes were divided into nail matrix, nail plate, nail bed, and nail fold changes. Onychomycosis was found to be the most common disease.

Conclusion:
Nail changes can provide valuable clinical insights, aiding clinicians in accurate diagnosis. Nails may provide evidence in support of diseases that may have occurred in the recent past, even though the skin manifestations may have resolved.