bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature and Extent of Solution Aggregation Determines the Performance of P(NDI2OD‐T2) Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Nahid Masrur M. , Welford Adam , Gann Eliot , Thomsen Lars , Sharma Kamendra P. , McNeill Christopher R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHere the effect of solvent quality on the microstructure and organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) performance of thin films of the high mobility naphthalene‐diimide‐thiophene‐based n‐type semiconducting copolymer P(NDI2OD‐T2) is investigated. A strong correlation between OFET mobility and solvent quality is observed with average electron mobility increasing from 0.21 cm2V−1s−1for samples prepared from tolerably good solvents to 0.56 cm2V−1s−1for samples prepared from poor solvents, with a maximum electron mobility of 1.5 cm2V−1s−1observed for transistors processed from toluene. The variation in transistor performance with solvent quality is linked to the nature and extent of the solution aggregation of P(NDI2OD‐T2) chains. Small angle X‐ray scattering measurements reveal elongated rod‐like aggregates up to 300 nm in length in solutions prepared using poor solvents, in contrast to more coil‐like chains with radius of gyration of ≈10–15 nm for solutions based on good to tolerably poor solvents. Thin films produced from decreasing solvent quality show an increase in the extent of correlated ordering of backbones and the degree of edge‐on orientation of polymer chains at the air/film interface. This work establishes the important link between solution‐phase chain aggregation behavior, thin‐film microstructure, and transistor performance in the P(DNI2OD‐T2) system.
Air Plasma Activation of Catalytic Sites in a Metal‐Cyanide Framework for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Yanru , Wang Teng , Chen Jun , Zheng Jie , Li Xingguo , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTargeted activation of highly ordered and distributed metal sites in nanoporous frameworks is a generic strategy to develop high‐performance catalysts. The key challenge is to achieve such activation without damaging the frameworks. Here it is demonstrated that atmospheric‐pressure low‐temperature plasma generated in air improve catalytic properties of an Fe/Co bimetallic cyanide framework through the specific “soft” incorporation of reactive oxygen species without affecting the framework structure. The bonding and oxidative states of the high‐density catalytic metal sites in the framework are modified while the nanoporous nature of the framework is retained, which leads to superior catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction at high current densities close to the operation conditions of commercial alkaline electrolyzers.
Clinical associations between allergies and rapid eye movement sleep disturbances
Authors: Berson Shelley R. , Klimczak Jaclyn , Prezio Elizabeth A. , Hu Shirley , Abraham Manoj 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis, an immunoglobulin E inflammatory condition including nasal congestion, obstruction, sneezing, pruritus, and fatigue symptoms, has significant impact on quality of life and impairs sleep. Sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) patients often have normal all‐night apnea‐hypopnea (AHI) or respiratory‐disturbance (RDI) indices on polysomnography (PSG). We hypothesized that the rapid eye motion–respiratory disturbance index (REM‐RDI) may be a novel predictor of allergic status.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 100 patients compared REM‐RDI results in 67 allergen‐positive patients with 33 nonallergic patients who presented with nasal blockage. Subjects completed STOP‐Bang©, 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22)©, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale© questionnaires and underwent skin‐prick testing (SPT) and PSGs including REM‐RDI values. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we evaluated relationships between allergic status and sleep parameters while controlling for possible confounders including body mass index (BMI).ResultsUsing REM‐RDI as the outcome of interest, allergen‐positive patients were 3.92 times more likely to have REM‐RDI values in a moderate/severe range (≥15 events/hour); and patients with moderate/severe REM‐RDI values were more likely to be allergen positive (p < 0.05). Allergic status was not significantly related to all‐night AHI, RDI, or REM‐AHI. BMI was not significantly related to REM‐RDI. STOP‐Bang© was related to allergy status (p = 0.02) and REM‐RDI (p < 0.01). Allergic patients had increased REM latency and less total amount of REM.ConclusionWe revealed significant bidirectional associations between allergen positivity and increased REM‐RDI values independent of BMI, AHI, RDI, and REM‐AHI. Allergic inflammation and REM‐RDI data may play important roles in diagnosing and treating fatigued SDB patients and as objective perioperative safety and outcomes measures.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Stereoselective Dearomative Coupling of Indolylboron Ate Complexes with Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Alkyl Halides
Authors: Das Saikat , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIndolylboron ate complexes readily generated from 2‐lithioindoles and boronic esters underwent multicomponent dearomative coupling with D‐A cyclopropanes and alkyl halides in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 as a catalyst. The reactions proceeded with complete diastereoselectivity and excellent stereospecificity to provide indolines containing three contiguous stereocenters. The valuable boronic ester moiety remains in the product and allows for subsequent functionalization.
Mit N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen behandelte Goldoberflächen in Pentacen‐Transistoren: Verbesserte Stabilität und Kontakt an der Grenzfläche
Authors: Lv Aifeng , Freitag Matthias , Chepiga Kathryn M. , Schäfer Andreas H. , Glorius Frank , Chi Lifeng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractN‐Heterocyclische Carbene (NHCs), die mit der Oberfläche von Au‐Elektroden reagieren, wurden erfolgreich in Pentacen‐Transistoren eingesetzt. Mit der Anwendung von NHCs stieg die Ladungsträgermobilität von Pentacen‐Transistoren um das Fünffache, während der Kontaktwiderstand an der Pentacen‐Au‐Grenzfläche um 85 % reduziert wurde. Selbst nach zweistündigem Tempern der NHC‐Au‐Elektroden bei 200 °C vor der Pentacen‐Abscheidung nahm die Ladungsträgermobilität der Pentacen‐Transistoren nicht ab. Die hervorragenden Eigenschaften machen NHCs zu ausgezeichneten Alternativen zu Thiolen als Metallmodifikatoren für die Anwendung in organischen Feldeffekttransistoren (OFETs).
Tracking the Dynamic Folding and Unfolding of RNA G‐Quadruplexes in Live Cells
Authors: Chen Xiu‐Cai , Chen Shuo‐Bin , Dai Jing , Yuan Jia‐Hao , Ou Tian‐Miao , Huang Zhi‐Shu , Tan Jia‐Heng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBecause of the absence of methods for tracking RNA G‐quadruplex dynamics, especially the folding and unfolding of this attractive structure in live cells, understanding of the biological roles of RNA G‐quadruplexes is so far limited. Herein, we report a new red‐emitting fluorescent probe, QUMA‐1, for the selective, continuous, and real‐time visualization of RNA G‐quadruplexes in live cells. The applications of QUMA‐1 in several previously intractable applications, including live‐cell imaging of the dynamic folding, unfolding, and movement of RNA G‐quadruplexes and the visualization of the unwinding of RNA G‐quadruplexes by RNA helicase have been demonstrated. Notably, our real‐time results revealed the complexity of the dynamics of RNA G‐quadruplexes in live cells. We anticipate that the further application of QUMA‐1 in combination with appropriate biological and imaging methods to explore the dynamics of RNA G‐quadruplexes will uncover more information about the biological roles of RNA G‐quadruplexes.
Designed Precursor for the Controlled Synthesis of Highly Active Atomic and Sub‐nanometric Platinum Catalysts on Mesoporous Silica
Authors: De Sudipta , Babak Maria V. , Hülsey Max J. , Ang Wee Han , Yan Ning 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe development of new methods to synthesize nanometric metal catalysts has always been an important and prerequisite step in advanced catalysis. Herein, we design a stable nitrogen ligated Pt complex for the straightforward synthesis by carbonization of uniformly sized atomic and sub‐nanometric Pt catalysts supported on mesoporous silica. During the carbonization of the Pt precursor into active Pt species, the nitrogen‐containing ligand directed the decomposition in a controlled fashion to maintain uniform sizes of the Pt species. The nitrogen ligand had a key role to stabilize the single Pt atoms on a weak anchoring support like silica. The Pt catalysts exhibited remarkable activities in the hydrogenation of common organic functional groups with turnover frequencies higher than in previous studies. By a simple post‐synthetic treatment, we could selectively remove the Pt nanoparticles to obtain a mixture of single atoms and nanoclusters, extending the applicability of the present method.
Neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten einseitiger Kernspinresonanzmesstechnik in der Baustoffforschung
Authors: Schulte Holthausen Robert , Raupach Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMithilfe der einseitigen Kernspinresonanz kann eine Vielzahl interessanter und für die Bauwerkserhaltung relevanter Informationen gewonnen werden. Dieses vergleichsweise junge Messverfahren erlaubt es, Materialoberflächen bis zu einer Tiefe von ca. 25 mm mit einer hochpräzisen Tiefenauflösung zerstörungsfrei zu charakterisieren. Da die Kernspinresonanz, wie alle anderen zerstörungsfreien Messtechniken auch, nur indirekte Messinformationen zugänglich machen kann, erfordern die Interpretation und der Rückschluss auf wesentliche Baustoffeigenschaften kontrollierte Messungen zur Korrelation. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden mehrere Beispiele aus den Forschungstätigkeiten am Institut für Baustoffforschung (ibac) zu den Einsatzmöglichkeiten einseitiger Kernspinresonanz in der Bauwerkserhaltung erläutert. Es werden die zerstörungsfreie Diagnose von säurebeständigem polymergebundenen Mörtel, das Quellverhalten von polymeren Dichtungsbahnen sowie die Möglichkeiten zur Charakterisierung der Porosität von zementären Mörteln und Betonen beschrieben. Für die einzelnen Anwendungen werden Grenzen diskutiert wie auch zukünftiges Entwicklungs‐ und Forschungspotenzial aufgezeigt.
Amphetamine, but not methylphenidate, increases ethanol intake in adolescent male, but not in female, rats
Authors: Ruiz Paul , Calliari Aldo , Genovese Patricia , Scorza Cecilia , Pautassi Ricardo Marcos 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionThere has been an increasing interest in analyzing the interactions between stimulants and ethanol during childhood and adolescence. Stimulants are used to treat attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in these developmental stages, during which ethanol initiation and escalation often occur.MethodsThis study assessed the effects of repeated d‐amphetamine (AMPH) or methylphenidate (MPH) treatment during adolescence [male and female Wistar rats, between postnatal day (PD) 28 to PD34, approximately] on the initiation of ethanol intake during a later section of adolescence (PD35 to PD40).ResultsAmphetamine and MPH exerted reliable acute motor stimulant effects, but there was no indication of sensitized motor or anxiety responses. MPH did not affect dopamine (DA) levels, whereas AMPH significantly reduced insular levels of DA in both sexes and norepinephrine levels in females only. Repeated treatment with AMPH, but not with MPH, enhanced ethanol intake during late adolescence in male, but not in female, rats.ConclusionA short treatment with AMPH during adolescence significantly altered DA levels in the insula, both in male and females, and significantly enhanced ethanol intake in males. The present results suggest that, in adolescent males, a very brief history of AMPH exposure can facilitate the initiation of ethanol intake.
Ketamine induces apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells by regulating the expression of CD69
Authors: Zhou Xuhui , Zhang Peihong , Luo Wei , Zhang Lei , Hu Rong , Sun Yu , Jiang Hong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractKetamine, an anesthetic, analgesic, or sedative, is widely used for the treatment of cancer pain. Recently, ketamine has been also reported to be tumor repressor for inhibiting proliferation, invasion, and migration, and inducing apoptosis in many cancers. However, whether ketamine can induce the apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and which downstream molecular mediates its function remain largely unknown. A LUAD cell line A549 was incubated with ketamine at 0, 1, 10, and 100 μmol/L for 24 h. Trypan blue staining was used to detect the cell viability. Flow cytometry (FACS) was applied to evaluate cell apoptosis proportion. The expression of CD69 was quantitated by western blotting. Ketamine induced the A549 cell apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner. CD69 was downregulated in LUAD patients’ cancer tissue compared with the normal tissue. CD69 can be upregulated in ketamine treating A549 cells and induce the A549 cell apoptosis. Rescue experiment showed that downregulation of CD69 significantly blocked the function of ketamine on inducing apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ketamine induced LUAD cells apoptosis by upregulating the CD69 expression. This study suggests that the ketamine can be potential drug for LUAD treatment, and the ketamine/CD69 signaling may be the new potential therapeutic target LUAD therapy.
Effect of PPARG on AGEs‐induced AKT/MTOR signaling‐associated human chondrocytes autophagy
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Jun , Zhang Hai‐Bin , Chen Cheng , Huang Hao , Liang Jian‐Xia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAccumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in articular cartilage is thought to represent a major risk factor for osteoarthritis development. In this study we aimed to probe the role of AGEs in human chondrocytes and to determine the impact of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARG) on AGEs‐induced cell autophagy. Cell viability was measured after human chondrocytes were treated with different concentrations of AGEs with or without the PPARG inhibitor, T0070907, or agonist, pioglitazone. Autophagy activation markers (MAP2LC3, BECN1 and SQSTM1/P62), expression of PPARG and the phosphorylation levels of Akt/MTOR were determined by Western blotting; autophagosome formation was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); autophagic flux was detected with mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 tandem construct. Low doses of AGEs over a short amount of time stimulated chondrocyte proliferation and autophagy by limiting phosphorylation of Akt/MTOR signaling. The addition of PPARG inhibitor T0070907 lead to defective autophagy. High dose and long exposure to AGEs inhibited cell viability and autophagy by increasing phosphorylation levels of Akt/MTOR signaling. The agonist, pioglitazone, was shown to protect cell autophagy in a dose‐dependent manner. Our findings suggest AGEs can downregulate PPARG and that PPARG maintains cell viability by activating the Akt/MTOR signaling pathway as well as inducing chondrocyte autophagy.
Bladder squamous cell cancer accompanied by Trousseau's syndrome: a case report
Authors: Kayukawa Satoshi , Ina Kenji , Furuta Ryuichi , Nishio Tomoko , Miyashita Tadayuki , Umeda Shun , Kataoka Takae 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe association between thrombosis and cancer has been recognized since Trousseau's report in 1865. We present a case of bladder squamous cell carcinoma associated with multiple cerebral infarctions. This patient was diagnosed as having Trousseau's syndrome and received radiotherapy for bladder cancer treatment, along with anticoagulation therapy.
Easy Access to Enantiopure (S)‐ and (R)‐Aryl Alkyl Alcohols by a Combination of Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Alkyne Hydration and Enzymatic Reduction
Authors: Schaaf Patricia , Gojic Vladimir , Bayer Thomas , Rudroff Florian , Schnürch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChemoenzymatic one‐pot processes based on the combination of metal catalysis and biocatalysis open up highly attractive perspectives regarding the production of enantiopure compounds. By combining a gold‐catalyzed hydration reaction with an enzymatic reduction, we present a straightforward and atom‐economical chemoenzymatic method for the synthesis of secondary alcohols with excellent optical purity. Efficient cofactor recycling exploits the solvent of the metal‐catalyzed step as an auxiliary substrate for the enzymatic step.
Kinetics of the Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Coupling of Furfural with Biomass‐Derived Alcohols
Authors: Goulas Konstantinos A. , Gokhale Amit A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe tandem dehydrogenation and aldol condensation of butanol with furfural was investigated over homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts using kinetics and isotope effects. In the homogeneous system, Ni(dppe)Cl2 catalyzes the transfer dehydrogenation of butanol to the furfural, whereas the aldol condensation of butyraldehyde and furfural takes place over the basic K2CO3 cocatalyst. In the heterogeneous system, a transition‐metal‐free mixed Mg–Al oxide, both the transfer hydrogenation and aldol condensation take place over the basic sites of the catalyst, and the rate‐determining step is the alpha‐hydride transfer from the butanol to the furfural.
Prediction of Power Consumption in a Mechanically Agitated Gassed Reactor in Viscous Batches
Authors: Petříček Radim , Moucha Tomáš , Rejl František Jonáš , Valenz Lukáš , Haidl Jan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVolumetric mass transfer coefficient, power input, and gas holdup are key parameters in the design of mechanically agitated gas‐liquid contactors. Although the majority of industrial batches are of higher viscosity, reliable transport characteristics correlations for viscous batches are lacking in literature. These correlations are often based on the power input as the scale of energy dissipation. In order to develop reliable power input correlations, its measurements were carried out in a pilot‐plant vessel using multiple impellers of various types and diameters. Power input correlation shapes providing the best match with the comprehensive database are also expected to predict most precisely the impeller power in industrial‐scale vessels.
Highly Reversible Water Oxidation at Ordered Nanoporous Iridium Electrodes Based on an Original Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Schlicht Stefanie , Haschke Sandra , Mikhailovskii Vladimir , Manshina Alina , Bachmann Julien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNanoporous iridium electrodes are prepared and electrochemically investigated towards the water oxidation (oxygen evolution) reaction. The preparation is based on ‘anodic’ aluminum oxide templates, which provide straight, cylindrical nanopores. Their walls are coated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) with a newly developed reaction which results in a metallic iridium layer. The ALD film growth is quantified by spectroscopic ellipsometry and X‐ray reflectometry. The morphology and composition of the electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Their catalytic activity is quantified for various pore geometries by cyclic voltammetry, steady‐state electrolysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. With an optimal pore length of L≈17–20 μm, we achieve current densities of J=0.28 mA cm−2 at pH 5 and J=2.4 mA cm−2 at pH 1. This platform is particularly competitive for achieving moderate current densities at very low overpotentials, that is, for a high degree of reversibility in energy storage.
A Sulfonozanamivir Analogue Has Potent Anti‐influenza Virus Activity
Authors: Hadházi Ádám , Li Linghui , Bailly Benjamin , Maggioni Andrea , Martin Gael , Dirr Larissa , Dyason Jeffrey C. , Thomson Robin J. , Gao George F. , Borbás Anikó , Ve Thomas , Pascolutti Mauro , von Itzstein Mark 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInfluenza virus infection continues to cause significant, often severe, respiratory illness worldwide. A validated target for the development of anti‐influenza agents is the virus surface protein sialidase. In the current study, we have discovered a highly potent inhibitor of influenza virus sialidase, based on a novel sialosyl sulfonate template. The synthesised 3‐guanidino sialosyl α‐sulfonate, a sulfonozanamivir analogue, inhibits viral replication in vitro at the nanomolar level, comparable to that of the anti‐influenza drug zanamivir. Using protein X‐ray crystallography we show that the sialosyl α‐sulfonate template binds within the sialidase active site in a 1C4 chair conformation. The C1‐sulfonate moiety forms crucial and strong‐binding interactions with the active site's triarginyl cluster, while the 3‐guanidino moiety interacts significantly with conserved active site residues. This sulfonozanamivir analogue provides a new direction in anti‐influenza virus drug development.
Regional deposition of nasal sprays in adults: A wide ranging computational study
Authors: Kiaee Milad , Wachtel Herbert , Noga Michelle L. , Martin Andrew R. , Finlay Warren H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present work examines regional deposition within the nose for nasal sprays over a large and wide ranging parameter space by using numerical simulation. A set of 7 realistic adult nasal airway geometries was defined based on computed tomography images. Deposition in 6 regions of each nasal airway geometry (the vestibule, valve, anterior turbinate, posterior turbinate, olfactory, and nasopharynx) was determined for varying particle diameter, spray cone angle, spray release direction, particle injection speed, and particle injection location. Penetration of nasal spray particles through the airway geometries represented unintended lung exposure. Penetration was found to be relatively insensitive to injection velocity, but highly sensitive to particle size. Penetration remained at or above 30% for particles exceeding 10 μm in diameter for several airway geometries studied. Deposition in the turbinates, viewed as desirable for both local and systemic nasal drug delivery, was on average maximized for particles ranging from ~20 to 30 μm in diameter, and for low to zero injection velocity. Similar values of particle diameter and injection velocity were found to maximize deposition in the olfactory region, a potential target for nose‐to‐brain drug delivery. However, olfactory deposition was highly variable between airway geometries, with maximum olfactory deposition ranging over 2 orders of magnitude between geometries. This variability is an obstacle to overcome if consistent dosing between subjects is to be achieved for nose‐to‐brain drug delivery.