bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influência da acurácia de completude na delimitação de áreas de preservação permanente
Authors: Sousa Mayara Soares de , Sampaio Tony Vinicius Moreira 
Published: May 2018

Desde 1934 com as “Florestas Protetoras” até 2012 com as “Áreas de Preservação Permanente” o Código Florestal Brasileiro prevê a criação de áreas destinadas à preservação dos recursos naturais. Atualmente, o SIG (Sistema de Informações Geográficas) associado a produtos de sensoriamento remoto se apresentam como ferramentas auxiliares na delimitação de APPs, pois possuem baixo custo e otimizam o tempo necessário a identificação e delimitação das mesmas. O trabalho empregou técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto, fotointerpretação e SIG para identificar e quantificar as nascentes existentes nas Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Forquilha e Mirim, localizadas no Sudoeste do Paraná, além de delimitar suas Áreas de Preservação Permanente e das margens de rios de primeira ordem, utilizando imagens de satélite disponibilizadas pelo Google no software QGIS versão 2.16, via ferramenta Open Layers Plugin. Para tanto, foi empregada chave de classificação construída a partir de conhecimentos prévios de campo, com alguns elementos visíveis na imagem que pudessem indicar a presença de nascentes dentro da área das bacias hidrográficas, o que possibilitou definir as áreas de APP de acordo com a Lei Florestal brasileira vigente. A análise resultou na delimitação de 4,76 km² de APPs de nascentes e 18,31 km² de margens de rios, com acurácia de 50,65% para a Bacia do Rio Forquilha, e 2,06 km² de nascentes, 7,69 km² de margens de rios, com acurácia de 64,63% para a Bacia do Rio Mirim. Promovendo um acréscimo (comissão) dentro do total mencionado anteriormente, de Área de Preservação Permanente de nascente de 2,13 km² (44,74%) e 7,44 (0,63%) de margens de rios para a Bacia do Rio Forquilha e 0,70km² (33,98%) e 2,23 km² (29%) para a Bacia do Rio Mirim.
The Batalin–Vilkovisky Algebra in the String Topology of Classifying Spaces
Authors: Kuribayashi Katsuhiko , Menichi Luc 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor almost any compact connected Lie group$G$and any field$\mathbb{F}_{p}$, we compute the Batalin–Vilkovisky algebra$H^{\star +\text{dim}\,G}(\text{LBG};\mathbb{F}_{p})$on the loop cohomology of the classifying space introduced by Chataur and the second author. In particular, if$p$is odd or$p=0$, this Batalin–Vilkovisky algebra is isomorphic to the Hochschild cohomology$HH^{\star }(H_{\star }(G),H_{\star }(G))$. Over$\mathbb{F}_{2}$, such an isomorphism of Batalin–Vilkovisky algebras does not hold when$G=\text{SO}(3)$or$G=G_{2}$. Our elaborate considerations on the signs in string topology of the classifying spaces give rise to a general theorem on graded homological conformal field theory.
Key drivers of ozone change and its radiative forcing over the 21st century
Authors: Iglesias-Suarez Fernando , Kinnison Douglas E. , Rap Alexandru , Maycock Amanda C. , Wild Oliver , Young Paul J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Over the 21st century changes in both tropospheric and
stratospheric ozone are likely to have important consequences for the Earth's
radiative balance. In this study, we investigate the radiative forcing from
future ozone changes using the Community Earth System Model (CESM1), with
the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), and including fully
coupled radiation and chemistry schemes. Using year 2100 conditions from the
Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, we quantify the
individual contributions to ozone radiative forcing of (1) climate change,
(2) reduced concentrations of ozone depleting substances (ODSs), and
(3) methane increases. We calculate future ozone radiative forcings and their
standard error (SE; associated with inter-annual variability of ozone) relative to
year 2000 of (1) 33 ± 104 m Wm−2,
(2) 163 ± 109 m Wm−2, and (3) 238 ± 113 m Wm−2 due
to climate change, ODSs, and methane, respectively. Our best estimate of net
ozone forcing in this set of simulations is 430 ± 130 m Wm−2
relative to year 2000 and 760 ± 230 m Wm−2 relative to year
1750, with the 95 % confidence interval given by ±30 %. We find
that the overall long-term tropospheric ozone forcing from methane
chemistry–climate feedbacks related to OH and methane lifetime is relatively
small (46 m Wm−2). Ozone radiative forcing associated with climate
change and stratospheric ozone recovery are robust with regard to background
climate conditions, even though the ozone response is sensitive to both
changes in atmospheric composition and climate. Changes in
stratospheric-produced ozone account for ∼ 50 % of the overall
radiative forcing for the 2000–2100 period in this set of simulations,
highlighting the key role of the stratosphere in determining future ozone
radiative forcing.
Detection of carbon monoxide pollution from cities and wildfires on regional and urban scales: the benefit of CO column retrievals from SCIAMACHY 2.3 µm measurements under cloudy conditions
Authors: Borsdorff Tobias , Andrasec Josip , aan de Brugh Joost , Hu Haili , Aben Ilse , Landgraf Jochen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In the perspective of the upcoming TROPOMI Sentinel-5 Precursor carbon monoxide data product, we discuss the benefit of using CO total column retrievals from cloud-contaminated SCIAMACHY 2.3 µm shortwave infrared spectra to detect atmospheric CO enhancements on regional and urban scales due to emissions from cities and wildfires. The study uses the operational Sentinel-5 Precursor algorithm SICOR, which infers the vertically integrated CO column together with effective cloud parameters. We investigate its capability to detect localized CO enhancements distinguishing between clear-sky observations and observations with low (<  1.5 km) and medium–high clouds (1.5–5 km). As an example, we analyse CO enhancements over the cities Paris, Los Angeles and Tehran as well as the wildfire events in Mexico–Guatemala 2005 and Alaska–Canada 2004. The CO average of the SCIAMACHY full-mission data set of clear-sky observations can detect weak CO enhancements of less than 10 ppb due to air pollution in these cities. For low-cloud conditions, the CO data product performs similarly well. For medium–high clouds, the observations show a reduced CO signal both over Tehran and Los Angeles, while for Paris no significant CO enhancement can be detected. This indicates that information about the vertical distribution of CO can be obtained from the SCIAMACHY measurements. Moreover, for the Mexico–Guatemala fires, the low-cloud CO data captures a strong outflow of CO over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean and so provides complementary information to clear-sky retrievals, which can only be obtained over land. For both burning events, enhanced CO values are even detectable with medium–high-cloud retrievals, confirming a distinct vertical extension of the pollution. The larger number of additional measurements, and hence the better spatial coverage, significantly improve the detection of wildfire pollution using both the clear-sky and cloudy CO retrievals. Due to the improved instrument performance of the TROPOMI instrument with respect to its precursor SCIAMACHY, the upcoming Sentinel-5 Precursor CO data product will allow improved detection of CO emissions and their vertical extension over cities and fires, making new research applications possible.
Multi-model ensembles for assessment of flood losses and associated uncertainty
Authors: Figueiredo Rui , Schröter Kai , Weiss-Motz Alexander , Martina Mario L. V. , Kreibich Heidi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Flood loss modelling is a crucial part of risk assessments. However, it is subject to large uncertainty that is often neglected. Most models available in the literature are deterministic, providing only single point estimates of flood loss, and large disparities tend to exist among them. Adopting any one such model in a risk assessment context is likely to lead to inaccurate loss estimates and sub-optimal decision-making. In this paper, we propose the use of multi-model ensembles to address these issues. This approach, which has been applied successfully in other scientific fields, is based on the combination of different model outputs with the aim of improving the skill and usefulness of predictions. We first propose a model rating framework to support ensemble construction, based on a probability tree of model properties, which establishes relative degrees of belief between candidate models. Using 20 flood loss models in two test cases, we then construct numerous multi-model ensembles, based both on the rating framework and on a stochastic method, differing in terms of participating members, ensemble size and model weights. We evaluate the performance of ensemble means, as well as their probabilistic skill and reliability. Our results demonstrate that well-designed multi-model ensembles represent a pragmatic approach to consistently obtain more accurate flood loss estimates and reliable probability distributions of model uncertainty.
Educação e complexidade: um diálogo possível
Authors: Castro Elza Maria Neffa Vieira de , Castro Krishna Neffa Vieira de 
Published: May 2018

Por supor que a filosofia de Paulo Freire se encontra impregnada de elementos de complexidade, um dos princípios da transdisciplinaridade, este artigo analisa as premissas do pensamento complexo identificando suas aproximações com os pressupostos freirianos, entendidos como elementos organizadores do conhecimento e estimuladores do espírito problematizador-criativo dos sujeitos históricos atuantes na educação brasileira. O estudo aponta elementos da abordagem transdisciplinar no pensamento de Paulo Freire por ele vislumbrar a educação como caminho de autonomia e libertação, a partir de um método de ensino entendido como campo de construção de conhecimento que incorpora a dimensão ontológica do ser humano e a prática educativa formadora de um sujeito transdisciplinar comprometido com a geração de novas estratégias articuladas ao bem comum em um processo contínuo de aprendizagem e de atuação política.
Upgrading Traffic Circles to Modern Roundabouts to Improve Safety and Efficiency – Case Studies from Italy
Authors: Pratelli Antonio , Sechi Paolo , Souleyrette Reginald Roy 
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a procedure for analysing safety and operational improvements made possible by converting traffic circles to modern roundabouts. An Italian case study is presented for alternative layouts under various traffic demand scenarios. In the application of the procedure, the average waiting times and queue lengths at entries are computed with an analytical capacity model, using default values for gap parameters. Then, the roundabout is dynamically simulated. The simulation results in a revised set of gap parameters that are in turn used as inputs to a second trial of the capacity model, and in turn fed back into the simulation. The two steps are repeated until the parameters reach a pre-selected convergence criterion, so that gap parameter values for both the static capacity and dynamic microsimulation models are in equilibrium. Therefore, the applied procedure can conduct both static and dynamic roundabout design, usually applied separately. One can start with default values in guidelines and couple them with limited field data, improving both the expected results and cost-effectiveness of solutions. Next, safety is estimated using dynamic simulation software and a compatible conflict counting model to acquire surrogate measures of safety. Level-of-serviceand surrogate safety indicators for the existing and redesigned roundabouts are then compared. The procedure is first demonstrated on an old “ultra-large” roundabout. The procedure is tested on this roundabout using the Highway Capacity Manual 2016 (HCM2016), AimsunTM, and Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) software. A redesign is shown to be far superior in efficiency and safety. Finally, two cases are described where large first generation roundaboutswere upgraded to modern standards.
Observation of High Capacitance from Molecular Gd@C82 in Aqueous Electrolyte Derived from Energy‐Level Matching with Proton
Authors: Wang Xin , Hu Ziqi , Yuan Xiaotao , Dong Chenlong , Dong Wujie , Riaz Muhammad Sohail , Lin Tianquan , Shi Zujin , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFullerenes with very high specific surface area have never been used as an electrode material in advanced energy storage, which is due to their incompatible electronic structures hindering any large Faradaic capacitance. Here, molecular endohedral metallofullerene of Gd@C82 for the first time as a novel active material is observed a capacitance of 186 F g−1 and good rate capability in aqueous electrolyte, exceeding other fullerenes (<10 F g−1) and commercial activated carbon (YP‐50 ≈155 F g−1). This less symmetric C82 filled by gadolinium achieves apposite energy levels absorbing protons to greatly improve its capacitance, which is confirmed by the results of first‐principals calculations. Gibbs free energy analyses further demonstrate that the Gd@C82 is spontaneous to accept electrons coupled with protons. This research would open up a path for fullerenes as a new‐type electrode material.
Organellar phylogenomics inform systematics in the green algal family Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae) and provide clues to the complex evolutionary history of plastid genomes in the green algal tree of life
Authors: McManus Hilary A. , Fučíková Karolina , Lewis Paul O. , Lewis Louise A. , Karol Kenneth G. 
Published: May 2018

Premise of the StudyPhylogenomic analyses across the green algae are resolving relationships at the class, order, and family levels and highlighting dynamic patterns of evolution in organellar genomes. Here we present a within‐family phylogenomic study to resolve genera and species relationships in the family Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae), for which poor resolution in previous phylogenetic studies, along with divergent morphological traits, have precluded taxonomic revisions.MethodsComplete plastome sequences and mitochondrial protein‐coding gene sequences were acquired from representatives of the Hydrodictyaceae using next‐generation sequencing methods. Plastomes were characterized, and gene order and content were compared with plastomes spanning the Sphaeropleales. Single‐gene and concatenated‐gene phylogenetic analyses of plastid and mitochondrial genes were performed.Key ResultsThe Hydrodictyaceae contain the largest sphaeroplealean plastomes thus far fully sequenced. Conservation of plastome gene order within Hydrodictyaceae is striking compared with more dynamic patterns revealed across Sphaeropleales. Phylogenetic analyses resolve Hydrodictyon sister to a monophyletic Pediastrum, though the morphologically distinct P. angulosum and P. duplex continue to be polyphyletic. Analyses of plastid data supported the neochloridacean genus Chlorotetraëdron as sister to Hydrodictyaceae, while conflicting signal was found in the mitochondrial data.ConclusionsA phylogenomic approach resolved within‐family relationships not obtainable with previous phylogenetic analyses. Denser taxon sampling across Sphaeropleales is necessary to capture patterns in plastome evolution, and further taxa and studies are needed to fully resolve the sister lineage to Hydrodictyaceae and polyphyly of Pediastrum angulosum and P. duplex.
Preparation and Physicochemical Attributes of Refined Liver Oil from Deep‐Sea Dogfish
Authors: Chakraborty Kajal , Joseph Dexy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe liver oil of deep‐sea dogfish, Centrophorus squamosus, was extracted by different physical methods and refined by sequential processes of degumming, neutralization, decolorization, and deodorization. Phosphoric acid effectively eliminated the mucilaginous substances in crude oil to result in triglycerides with permissible contents of peroxides, unesterified fatty acids, volatile compounds, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and total oxidation values. A synergistic combination of activated charcoal and Fuller's earth could effectively bleach the crude deep‐sea dogfish liver oil (CDLO) for greater clarity and acceptable color characteristics. The adverse odors in the crude oil were eliminated by acetic acid treatment and vacuum deodorization. This study shows that the multistep refining process of CDLO significantly enhances the composition of C20–22 n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with the removal of the components responsible for the undesirable physicochemical characteristics.
Delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy following alcohol and psychotropic drug overdose: a case report
Authors: Ueno Kanji , Takahashi Tetsuya , Higashima Masato , Okazaki Ryoko , Takano Seiichiro , Wada Yuji 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageDelayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL), a demyelinating syndrome, can easily be misdiagnosed as a psychiatric condition. Our case study shows that magnetic resonance imaging is highly useful for an early diagnosis of DPHL and that vascular endothelial growth factor might be a supplementary biomarker for the early detection of DPHL.
Oxidation‐Induced C—H Functionalization: A Formal Way for C—H Activation
Authors: Liu Yichang , Yi Hong , Lei Aiwen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCross‐coupling reactions have developed widely and provided a powerful means to synthesize a variety of compounds in each chemical field. The compounds which have C—H bonds are widespread in fossil fuels, chemical raw materials, biologically active molecules, etc. Using these readily‐ available substances as substrates is high atom‐ and step‐economy for cross‐coupling reactions. Over the past decades, our research group focused on finding and developing new strategies for C—H functionalization. Compared with classical C—H activation methods, for example, C—H bonds are deprotonated by strong base or converted into C—M bonds, oxidation‐induced C—H functionalization would be another pathway for C—H bond activation. This perspective shows a brief introduction of our recent works in this oxidation‐induced C—H functionalization. We categorized this approach of these C—H bond activations by the key intermediates, radical cations, radicals and cations.
Targeting body dissatisfaction among women with overweight or obesity: A proof‐of‐concept pilot study
Authors: Olson KayLoni L. , Thaxton Tyler T. , Emery Charles F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis proof‐of‐concept study was designed to replicate the effects of the empirically‐supported Body Project intervention on body dissatisfaction when combined with behavioral recommendations for weight loss among women with overweight or obesity.MethodWomen with overweight or obesity who reported body dissatisfaction and a desire to lose weight were randomized to one of two 4‐week treatment conditions. Individuals assigned to the standard group (n = 15) were directed to track diet and activity level daily. Body project (n = 17) participants tracked daily diet and activity, in addition to attending four weekly, group‐based body project intervention sessions. Body mass index, body dissatisfaction, body appreciation, and internalization of thin ideal and weight stigma were evaluated before and after the treatment period.ResultsFeasibility data suggest the Body Project can be implemented with this novel sample. Preliminary estimates suggest greater effects on body appreciation in the Body Project group than in the standard group (ES = 0.43), but no group effects for other body image variables.ConclusionsWith minor modifications, the Body Project was successfully implemented among women with overweight or obesity. The effect on body appreciation is encouraging and worthy of further investigation. Modification to the intervention may be necessary to enhance treatment effects on other body image variables.
Effect of partial or total supplementation of soybean meal with fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) seed meal in the diet of hybrid Catfish (Heteroclarias) fingerlings
Authors: Omosowone Olamiposi Olajumoke , Ogunrinde Abibat Motunrayo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe study evaluated the effect of partial or total supplementation of soybean meal with full‐fat Telifaria occidentalis seed meal on performance and whole body composition of Heteroclarias fingerlings. Five iso‐nitrogenous (40% crude protein) basal diets were prepared using locally available feedstuffs, while T. occidentalis seed meal was added at varying inclusion levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). One hundred and fifty apparently healthy Heteroclarias fingerlings (4.26 ± 0.26 g) were stocked in glass tanks (50 L capacity) at 10 fish / tank with each treatment in triplicate. Fish were fed at 5% body weight in two equal portions daily for 56 days and culture water changed on alternate days. The result of this study showed a significant variation (p < .05) in crude protein and lipid contents of whole body composition of Heteroclarias fingerlings‐fed T. occidentalis seed meal supplemented diets compared with the control. Increasing levels of fat and protein deposition were also observed in the muscle of Heteroclarias with increase in T. occidentalis. Also, some growth evaluation indices (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, and protein efficiency ratio) of Heteroclarias fingerlings decreased with increase in inclusion levels of T. occidentalis seed meal. Dissolved oxygen in culture units also decreased with increase in T. occidentalis. From this study, chemical body composition of Heteroclarias fed T. occidentalis seed meal supplemented diets increased with increase in inclusion levels, while the reverse was the case in weight gain. There was a decline in the quantity of dissolved oxygen with increase in quantity of T. occidentalis seed meal. Other water parameters such as pH, temperature, nitrate, and ammonia were within the limits for culturing tropical fish species.
A tricalcium phosphate/polyether ether ketone anchor bionic fixation device for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Safety and efficacy in a beagle model
Authors: Mao Genwen , Qin Zili , Li Zheng , Li Xiang , Qiu Yusheng , Bian Weiguo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe goal of this study was to develop a bionic fixation device based on the use of a tricalcium phosphate/polyether ether ketone anchor and harvesting of the ulnar carpal flexor muscle tendon for application as a ligament graft in a beagle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model, with the goal of accelerating the ligament graft‐to‐bone tunnel healing and providing a robust stability through exploration of this new kind of autologous ligament graft. The safety and efficacy of this fixation device were explored 3 and 6 months after surgery in a beagle ACL reconstruction model using biomechanical tests and comprehensive histological observation. The data were compared using a two‐tailed Student's t test and a paired t test. A p value <0.05 was defined as statistically significant. All the models were successfully established. This fixation device possessed the excellent mechanical properties for ACL reconstruction. A comprehensive histological observation revealed that a cartilage layer was visible in the transition zone between the tendon and bone interface at both 3 and 6 months postoperation. The trabecular of the new bone was observed six months after surgery and was found to be similar to a direct connection. This fixation technique provided not only a robust primary mechanical fixation but also a bionic fixation for long‐term knee joint stability by accelerating the healing of the tendon to the bone tunnel, showing a high potential for use in clinical practice. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 554–563, 2019.