bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peyer's patches‐derived CD11b+ B cells recruit regulatory T cells through CXCL9 in dextran sulphate sodium‐induced colitis
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Zhang Hushan , Liu Ronghua , Qian Tingting , Liu Jiajing , Huang Enyu , Lu Zhou , Zhao Chujun , Wang Luman , Chu Yiwei 
Published: July 2018

SummaryRegulatory T (Treg) cells play an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. In Peyer's patches (PPs), which comprise the most important IgA induction site in the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue, Treg cells promote IgA isotype switching. However, the mechanisms underlying their entry into PPs and isotype switching facilitation in activated B cells remain unknown. This study, based on the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis model, revealed that Treg cells are significantly increased in PPs, along with CD11b+ B‐cell induction. Immunofluorescence staining showed that infiltrated Treg cells were located around CD11b+ B cells and produced transforming growth factor‐β, thereby inducing IgA+ B cells. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that CD11b+ B cells in PPs had the capacity to recruit Treg cells into PPs rather than promoting their proliferation. Finally, we found that Treg cell recruitment was mediated by the chemokine CXCL9 derived from CD11b+ B cells in PPs. These findings demonstrate that CD11b+ B cells induced in PPs during colitis actively recruit Treg cells to accomplish IgA isotype switch in a CXCL9‐dependent manner.
Accuracy of pen‐type laser fluorescence device and radiographic methods in detecting approximal carious lesions in primary teeth – an in vivo study
Authors: Souza Luana Alves de , Cancio Viviane , Tostes Mônica Almeida 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe diagnosis of approximal lesions is limited due to the difficulty of direct examination of these areas.AimTo determine the accuracy of pen‐type laser fluorescence (LFpen) device, compared to digital bitewing (BW) radiography, in diagnosing approximal carious lesions in posterior primary teeth at cavitation and non‐cavitation thresholds.DesignA total of 46 children (aged 3–9 years) were assessed and 195 approximal surfaces of 184 primary molars were examined by digital BW and LFpen. Visual‐tactile inspection based on the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS‐II) was used as the reference standard. All examinations were performed by the same examiner. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated between LFpen and BW readings and the reference standard.ResultsSensitivity, specificity and AUC were 81.8, 86.7, and 0.84 for BW and 49.1, 87.9, and 0.69 for LFpen both at non‐cavitation thresholds. At cavitation thresholds, BW showed higher specificity (96.0), sensitivity (93.0), and AUC (0.98) than did LFpen (72.0, 86.9, and 0.82, respectively), but a lower correlation was indicated by LFpen readings.ConclusionBitewing had a better diagnostic accuracy and significantly outperformed LFpen in the detection of non‐cavitated lesions. Similar results were obtained by the two methods at the cavitation threshold.
Carrier frequencies of hearing loss variants in newborns of China: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Yali , Zha Shuwei , Lü Nianqing , Xu Haoqin , Zhang Xuening , Shi Wenhui , Zha Ji 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to review the carrier frequencies of hearing loss gene variants, such as GJB2, SLC26A4, and MT‐RNR1 in newborns of China.DesignPubMed, Embase, BioCentral, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were used for searching relevant literature studies published during the period of January 2007 and January 2016. Meta‐analysis was performed by using the R software. The estimated rate and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the relevant indexes in newborns were collected and calculated using a fixed‐effects model or a random‐effects model when appropriate.ResultsIn total, 35 of 958 published literature studies in Chinese and English were selected. The overall results showed that in newborns of China, the carrier frequencies of GJB2 variants (235 delC, 299 delAT) were 1.64% (95% CI 1.52% to 1.77%) and 0.33% (95% CI 0.19% to 0.51%); SLC26A4 variants (IVS7‐2 A > G, 2168 A > G) were 1.02% (95% CI 0.91% to 1.15%) and 0.14% (95% CI 0.06% to 0.25%); MT‐RNR1 variants (1555 A > G, 1449 C > T) were 0.20% (95% CI 0.17% to 0.23%) and 0.03% (95% CI 0.02% to 0.05%).ConclusionsThere are high carrier frequencies of GJB2 variants among newborns in China, followed by SLC26A4 and MT‐RNR1 variants. In order to achieve “early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment” and reduce the incidence of hereditary hearing loss in offspring, a comprehensive combination of neonatal hearing screening and deafness gene detection should be recommended and implemented in China.
“She doesn't want to go to hospital. That's one thing she hates”: Collective performativity in avoidable nursing home to hospital transfers
Authors: Mäkelä Petra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOlder people who live with a combination of conditions experience fluctuations over time, which others may interpret as a need for medical attention. For some nursing home residents, this results in transitions in and out of hospital. Such transfers may be arranged without expectation of improved quality of life, can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and may preclude end‐of‐life preferences. Factors affecting avoidable hospitalization for nursing home residents are not well understood. I aim to explore potential drivers, moving beyond deficit explanations relating to funding, training, and resources. I use a framework of analysis that firstly considers medicalization of frailty, as a state of vulnerability that provides focus for others' action. I then draw on Judith Butler's theory of performativity, to explore nursing homes as sites of identity work for staff, residents and families. I consider ways subjectivities can be effected through reiterative practice that is compelled by normative conventions. Trouble may arise when citational practice of health care staff, and performative acquiescence of residents and families, culminates in an inevitability of hospitalization when navigating grey areas of assumed clinical risk. Principles of coproduction could present a disruptive opening, to rework power asymmetries, and move toward aspirations for residents and their relatives to be at the centre of decisions about care.
Efficacy and safety of fixed‐dose combination of drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg) and paracetamol (500 mg) in amelioration of abdominal pain in acute infectious gastroenteritis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Narang Shiva , Koli Jitender 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThis randomized controlled trial was undertaken to assess efficacy and safety of fixed‐dose combination of drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg) and paracetamol (PCM) (500 mg). This was performed by comparison of mean pain intensity difference, total pain relief at 2 h, onset of pain relief, decrease in number of pain episodes, global improvement, and adverse effects.MethodsA randomized double‐blind controlled trial for adults between 18 and 59 years of either gender with acute infectious diarrhea (≥ 3 unformed, watery, or soft stools with symptoms at least within the last 24 h preceding randomization with duration of illness not more than 72 h) with moderate‐to‐severe abdominal pain. Participants were treated with either a fixed‐dose combination of oral drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg) and PCM (500 mg) or oral PCM (500 mg) three times a day for 3 days.ResultsOf 252 (126 in each group) participants, all received at least one dose of medication. Two hundred forty‐two completed the study. Mean pain intensity difference at 60 min after administration of study medication by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and total pain relief at 2 h using both VAS and Verbal Rating Scale showed statistically significant improvement in drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg) and PCM (500 mg) group. The onset of pain relief was also significantly better in drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg) and PCM (500 mg) group when using VAS.ConclusionFixed‐dose combination of drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg) and PCM (500 mg) is an effective and safe antispasmodic agent in abdominal pain associated with acute infectious gastroenteritis.
High‐mobility group box 1 protein modulated proliferation and radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Di Xiaoke , He Guofeng , Chen Hui , Zhu Caiqiang , Qin Qin , Yan Jingjing , Zhang Xiaowen , Sun Xinchen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein plays an important role in a lot of biological behaviors, including DNA damage repair, gene transcription, cell replication, and cell death, and its expression is higher in many solid tumors tissues than in their adjacent normal tissues, and it is always involved in tumor proliferation, metastasis, therapeutic tolerance, and poor prognosis. However, HMGB1 in proliferation and radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains poorly understood. In this study, the effect of HMGB1 on proliferation, cell death, DNA damage repair and radioresistance, and its underlying mechanism was investigated in human ESCC.MethodsThe immunohistochemistry scores of tumor and adjacent normal tissues in ESCC tissue microarray were analyzed. Stable HMGB1 knockdown cell lines were constructed using Kyse150 and Kyse450 cells. Cell viability, radioresistance, apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage were determined using CCK‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, clonogenic survival assay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blot assays.ResultsDifferential analyses showed that the expression of HMGB1 in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. The downregulation of HMGB1 could effectively inhibit proliferation, increase radiosensitivity, impair DNA damage repair abilities, reduce autophagy, and increase apoptosis rates in ESCC cells after irradiation.ConclusionsHMGB1 is expected to be a potential target for ESCC therapy and radiosensitization.
Capability of four sigmoidoscopy‐based screening strategies to predict proximal neoplasia in an asymptomatic Chinese population
Authors: Chen Ping , Huang Jason Liwen , Yuan Xiaoqin , Huang Junjie , Wang Harry Haoxiang , Tse Gary , Wong Martin C S , Wu Yunlin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimA proper colonoscopy referral criterion is essential for flexible sigmoidoscopy‐based colorectal cancer screening. We aimed to compare the predictive capability of four existing criteria to detect proximal neoplasia (PN) and advanced proximal neoplasia (APN) in a Chinese population.MethodsAsymptomatic Chinese participants aged 50–75 years, who received screening colonoscopy, were consecutively recruited. The four criteria included (i) UK flexible sigmoidoscopy; (ii) Italian Screening for COlon REctum; (iii) NORwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention trial; and (iv) US clinical index. The sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value, and the number of subjects needed to screen (NNS)/refer (NNR) to detect one APN/PN were examined. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was evaluated.ResultsAmong 5833 subjects, 749 (12.8%) and 151 (2.6%) cases were found to have PN and APN, respectively. US criteria achieved the highest sensitivity for PN (49%) and APN (66%), while UK criteria attained the highest specificity (93%) for PN/APN. The lowest NNS was required by US criteria for PN (16 vs 19–38) and APN (58 vs 69–86), while the lowest NNR was required by UK criteria for PN (3.2 vs 4.0–4.8) and APN (7 vs 10–16). The receiver operating characteristic of all four criteria was 0.57–0.61 for PN and 0.68–0.70 for APN.ConclusionsAmong all the four criteria, US criteria had the highest sensitivity and lowest NNS, while UK criteria achieved the highest specificity and lowest NNR. Their limited discriminatory capability highlighted the need for a new score to predict PN/APN in Chinese populations.
The prevalence of mental health problems in adults with intellectual disabilities in Japan, associated factors and mental health service use
Authors: Shimoyama M. , Iwasa K. , Sonoyama S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities are more likely than people in the general population to experience life events associated with an increased risk of mental health problems. However, there has been little research in Japan on the prevalence of mental health problems in adults with intellectual disability (ID) or on associated factors and access to relevant services.MethodsInformants completed the Japanese version of the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disabilities Checklist, and questions on the use of mental health services, for 126 adults with ID living in Tokyo.ResultsA total of 23.8% of adults with ID had scores above the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disabilities Checklist threshold score. Mental health problems were associated with age, gender and life events and not associated with the level of ID or living environment. Approximately 60% of participants with mental health problems were treated by psychiatrists and 6% of them received psychotherapy.ConclusionIn the present study, mental health problems occurred in adults with ID at similar frequencies as in previous studies. Adults with ID who experienced mental health problems tended to receive less psychological therapy than the general Japanese population experiencing such problems. This result may indicate poor provision of psychological services for people with intellectual disabilities in Japan.
CALD Assist—Nursing: Improving communication in the absence of interpreters
Authors: Silvera‐Tawil David , Pocock Courtney , Bradford DanaKai , Donnell Andrea , Harrap Karen , Freyne Jill , Brinkmann Sally 
Published: July 2018

Aims and objectivesTo develop a communication app to support nursing staff during the provision of standard care of patients from non‐English‐speaking backgrounds (NESBs), when an interpreter is not available. This paper reports on the user needs analysis phase that informed the development, content and functionality of the app.BackgroundIn 2014 we developed CALD Assist, a communication app to support patient interactions with allied health clinicians when interpreters are not present. It includes 95 commonly used phrases professionally interpreted into 10 languages and grouped by discipline. This work expands upon our previous app to meet the needs of the nursing workforce.DesignQualitative through focus groups, observations and interviews, with a quantitative component from observational data and staff surveys.MethodsFour focus groups with hospital staff, ten interviews with patients from NESBs and 85 observation sessions of everyday patient–staff interactions followed by staff surveys (n = 85) were held between January and June 2017.ResultsBaseline data prior to app development revealed that staff confidence of the patients’ level of understanding and the success of the interaction were significantly greater for English‐speaking (ES) patients, than for non‐English‐speaking patients. A total of 143 phrases were identified and subdivided into 16 categories for inclusion in the new app.ConclusionStaff participants highlighted that patients from NESBs are a challenging patient group to interact with. Patient and staff participants identified a range of areas where the nursing app could benefit, including pain management, mobility, hygiene and nutrition.Relevance to clinical practiceThe proposed app can be used to reduce variances in practice and provide a timely and positive patient experience for patients from NESBs who are unable to communicate in English during hospital admissions.
Clinical nurses’ experiences and perceptions after the implementation of an interprofessional team intervention: A qualitative study
Authors: Baik Dawon , Zierler Brenda 
Published: July 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore clinical nurses’ experiences and perceptions following a purposeful interprofessional (IP) team intervention in practice.BackgroundDespite increasing interest in IP collaborative practice to improve teamwork, nursing outcomes and quality of care, there has been little research that focused on nurses’ perspectives of IP collaboration after a purposeful IP team intervention.DesignA qualitative descriptive study using focus group interviews of registered nurses who care for patients with advanced heart failure.MethodsThis study is part of a larger study that conducted and evaluated a purposeful IP team intervention. Registered nurses (n = 10) were invited to participate in three focus groups following the IP team intervention. Data were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using a conventional content analysis approach and constant comparative method.ResultsWe identified six interrelated themes: (a) IP team building, (b) psychological safety and cultural change, (c) efficiency in delivery of care, (d) quality of patient care, (e) job outcomes and (f) team challenges. Notably, participants reported that they could better understand the patient's care plan of the day because every team member was “on the same page at the same time.” Registered nurses perceived that they were more satisfied with their job through improved IP team performance, enhanced psychological safety and cultural change, efficient workflow and better quality of patient care.ConclusionsThe IP team intervention contributed to enhancing IP team functioning as well as improving registered nurse job satisfaction. To sustain the improved perceptional and behavioural changes, team strategies to improve workflow and communication should be considered.Relevance to clinical practiceEffective teamwork and communication between multiple healthcare professionals including nurses are the cornerstones to improve care delivery, nursing outcomes and quality of patient care in clinical settings.
Initiatives aimed at retaining ethnically diverse student nurses in undergraduate programmes: An integrative review
Authors: Tranter Siobhan , Gaul Chris , McKenzie Susannah , Graham Karen 
Published: July 2018

Aims and objectivesTo identify initiatives aimed at retaining ethnically diverse students in Bachelor/Baccalaureate undergraduate nursing programmes. The review focused on identifying strategies attempting to address this issue.BackgroundThere is a recognised shortage of ethnically diverse registered nurses (RN) worldwide. Multiple strategies have been implemented internationally to create a more linguistically and culturally diverse RN workforce. Governments have invested significant resources into these strategies, but the outcomes have been variable. If a future RN workforce is to be representative of their populations, then effective evidence‐based interventions are required.DesignAn integrative review of the literature published from January 2006–December 2015.MethodCINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest, ERIC and Cochrane databases were searched using the key terms student nurse, attrition and retention to identify papers. The CASP tools were used to evaluate relevant studies for rigour (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme [CASP], 2017). Seventeen papers were identified for inclusion. The findings from these studies were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes emerged from the analysis: prediction, recruitment and retention, single approach and multiple approaches.ConclusionsMany factors affect the processes of retaining ethnically diverse student nurses in a Bachelor/Baccalaureate undergraduate programme. Programme single approaches appear to be limiting; however, implementation of a broad range of strategies across the continuum from recruitment to graduation is likely to be a more appropriate solution to achieving higher graduation rates amongst ethnically diverse students.Relevance to clinical practiceSupporting the recruitment and retention of ethnically diverse students assists in greater numbers of RNs graduating and provides a more linguistically and culturally diverse workforce representative of their population.
In their shoes: An ontological perspective on empathy in nursing practice
Authors: McKinnon John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo present an enquiry into empathy as part of nursing ontology. The work aims to improve understanding of how empathy is developed and used in practice.BackgroundEmpathy is the ability to grasp the frame of reference of another. As such, empathy is a key feature of nursing practice involving self‐awareness and the use of emotion in interpersonal understanding.MethodAs part of a larger study into the commonality of emotion in nursing, thirty‐three nurses across a range of settings talked exhaustively about their experiences with empathy in the context of their relationships with service users. The interviews were audio‐taped and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed using Grounded Theory Method.ResultsEmpathy was experienced as a libidinal entity motivating care dependent on a number of allied skills which formed a process: listening and echoing, knowing another's circumstances, imagining and representing the imagined perception within the self. Empathy was viewed as a tool for person‐centred care with two distinct levels: phenomena related and biography related. Sensitivity to care context in the use of nurses’ life experience also enabled empathy in an emotional kinship. Person‐centred care and empowerment were inhibited where empathy could not be achieved.DiscussionThe findings confirm the place of empathy in the hierarchy of embodied nursing skills and add to the current bank of knowledge on the sharing of emotions and the value of emotion to professional judgement.ConclusionEmpathy is a tool with which to ascertain the cognitive and emotional perspective of others. Empathy's libidinal properties mean that shared understanding enhances care. Emotional kinship means that life experience can be harnessed for empathy in practice.Relevance to clinical practiceInsight into the ontology of empathy provides a basis for the construction of teaching tools and learning objects for character and skill development in practice.
CROWDFUNDING AND INNOVATION
Authors: Hervé Fabrice , Schwienbacher Armin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEntrepreneurs have started relying on crowdfunding to fund their investments. This paper surveys the literature linking crowdfunding with innovation in entrepreneurial firms. Two distinct areas are discussed. First, crowdfunding has the potential to foster innovation by offering new sources of capital to innovation‐driven firms and thereby reduce the funding gap for innovative startups. Second, crowdfunding offers a way for the crowd to participate in the innovation process by providing feedback to the entrepreneur. This feedback can take various forms, including providing ideas on the development of the product during and after the campaign (in the spirit of crowdsourcing), and providing valuable information on the future demand for the new product.