bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La construcción jurídica de las nuevas formas de familias en la legislación penal sustantiva cubana actual
Authors: Pérez Duharte Arlín , Lam Peña Reynaldo Jorge 
Published: July 2018

Objetivos: Analizar desde la construcción de un nuevo concepto de familia y su edificación como un bien jurídico penal independiente en el ordenamiento jurídico penal cubano los futuros retos que se le presentan a la normativa penal sustantiva cubana debido a los cambios sociales en temas familiares y brindar una protección efectiva ante formas de violencia de género o intrafamiliar que sufren los miembros que la integran.
Metodología: la investigación se elaboró a partir de un estudio de documentos teóricos y sentencias del Tribunal Supremo Popular de la República de Cuba junto a métodos científicos como el exegético normativo, que busca el análisis de las normas jurídicas; el histórico lógico que extrae la ratio de las instituciones desde su evolución histórica y el jurídicodoctrinal que combina los aspectos teóricos necesarios para entender las categorías que se ponen en discusión en este material. De esta forma se analizó un concepto de familia y sus nuevas tipológicas y la necesidad de protección de estas por el Derecho y en particular por el Derecho Penal para luego exponer la regulación jurídica actual en temas familiares de la norma penal contemporánea en Cuba.
Resultados: existe en Cuba imperfecciones jurídicas en cuanto a la protección de las nuevas formas de familia, pues si bien preexiste un reconocimiento de la misma como bien jurídico está construido sobre patrones patriarcales y machistas, por lo cual su atemperamiento a las nuevas condiciones sociales requiere de cambios legislativos en algunas materias.
Conclusiones: en Cuba la normativa penal sustantiva en materia de familia existe como bien jurídico, sin embargo, está desactualizada en cuanto a la protección de las nuevas formas de familia.
Evaluation of some blood parameters alteration following low-dose radiation induced by Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Alavi M S , Okhovat M A , Atefi M , Khajeh Rahimi F , Mortazavi S , Ebadi F 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: With increasing the usage of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, we aimed to evaluate the side effects of low-dose radiation induced by this technique on blood elements, especially proteins and liver function factors.Materials and Methods: 40 eligible patients (Mean age: 54.62±10.35, 22 female and 18 male), who had referred to the nuclear medicine department for MPI from May till August 2014, were enrolled in the study. A blood sample was taken from each patient just before and 24 hours after the injection of 740Mbq of Tecnetium-99m Methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) in the rest phase of the MPI in a reference medical laboratory; blood tests included total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), globulin (Glo), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (D.Bili), total bilirubin (T.Bili),serum iron (SI), total iron bounding capacity (TIBC), Albumin globulin ratioA/G ratio), and complete blood count (CBC).Results: Injection of 740Mbq99mTc-MIBI caused a significant increase in serum levels of AST (p= 0.001), ALT (p= 0.001), SI(p= 0.030), TIBC (p= 0.003) and A/G Ratio (p= 0.020). However, following radiotracer injection, a significant decrease was noted in the serum levels of TP (p= 0.002), Alb (p= 0.014), Glo(p= 0.002), ALP(p= 0.001), D.Bili (p= 0.003) and T.Bili(p= 0.000).Conclusion: Due to increased usage of MPI, our data highlights the importance of monitoring the clinical and paraclinical effects of the procedure on vital organs and physiological pathways to reduce their adverse effects.
Comparison of ELISA and DNA Lateral Flow Assays for Detection of Pork, Horse, Beef, Chicken, Turkey, and Goat Contamination in Meat Products
Authors: Ha Youngsil , Thienes Cortlandt P , Agapov Alexander A , Laznicka Amanda V , Han Sukkyun , Nadala Cesar , Samadpour Mansour 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background: Concerns about the contamination of meat products with undeclared meats and new regulations for the declaration of meat adulterants have established the need for a sensitive test to detect meat adulteration. To address this need, Microbiologique, Inc. has developed ELISA assays that can detect the presence of pork, horse, beef, chicken, turkey, and goat meat adulterants to 0.1% (w/w) and a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) lateral flow assay for pork, horse, beef, chicken, turkey, goat, and lamb adulterants to 0.1% (w/w). Objective: We compared the results of the DNA lateral flow assay to the ELISA assays. Methods: ELISA and DNA lateral flow assays were performed on the same spiked meat samples, prepared meats, and pet foods. Results: Both the DNA lateral flow and the ELISA assays were sensitive to 0.1% meat adulterant, and the agreement between the DNA lateral flow and ELISA assays for spiked samples, prepared meat, and pet foods was 100%. Conclusions: Based on the 100% concordance between the two assay formats, the choice between the two is dependent on whether quantitation is desired, which assay is more familiar to the particular laboratory, availability of the required equipment, and time restrictions. Highlights: The ELISA assays are less time consuming, taking about 1.5 h, compared with about 2.5 h for the DNA lateral flow assay. Because the DNA lateral flow test detects seven species in one test, it can be more cost effective when the potential adulterant is not known, while the ELISA may be better for quantification.
WRF 1960–2014 Winter Season Simulations of Particulate Matter in the Sahel: Implications for Air Quality and Respiratory Health
Authors: Jenkins Gregory S. , Gueye Moussa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe use the Weather Research and Forecast model using the Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) dust module (WRF‐CHEM) to simulate the particulate matter (PM) variations in the Sahel during the winter seasons (January–March) of 1960–2014. Two simulations are undertaken where the direct aerosol feedback is turned off, and only transport is considered and where the direct aerosol feedback is turned on. We find that simulated Sahelian PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were lower in the 1960s and after 2003 and higher during the period between 1988 and 2002. Higher Sahelian PM10 concentrations are due to stronger winds between the surface and 925 hPa over the Sahara, which transport dust into the Sahel. Negative PM10 concentration anomalies are found over the Bodele Depression and associated with weaker 925 wind anomalies after 1997 through 2014. Further west, positive PM10 concentration anomalies are found across the Adrar Plateau in the Sahara and responsible for dust transport to the Western Sahel. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is positively correlated to Sahelian dust concentrations especially during the periods of 1960–1970 and 1988–2002. The temporal/spatial patterns of PM10 concentrations have significant respiratory health implications for inhabitants of the Sahel.
Comparison of methods to estimate water‐equivalent diameter for calculation of patient dose
Authors: Daudelin Andrew , Medich David , Andrabi Syed Yasir , Martel Chris 
Published: July 2018

AbstractModern CT systems seek to evaluate patient‐specific dose by converting the CT dose index generated during a procedure to a size‐specific dose estimate using conversion factors that are related to patient attenuation properties. The most accurate way to measure patient attenuation is to evaluate a full‐field‐of‐view reconstruction of the whole scan length and calculating the true water‐equivalent diameter (Dw) using CT numbers; however, due to time constraints, less accurate methods to estimate Dw using patient geometry measurements are used more widely. In this study we compared the accuracy of Dw values calculated from three different methods across 35 sample scans and compared them to the true Dw. These three estimation methods were: measurement of patient lateral dimension from a pre‐scan localizer radiograph; measurement of the sum of anteroposterior and lateral dimensions from a reconstructed central slice; and using CT numbers from a central slice only. Using the localizer geometry method, 22 out of 35 (62%) samples estimated Dw within 20% of the true value. The middle slice attenuation and geometry methods gave estimations within the 20% margin for all 35 samples.
DDQ‐Promoted Allylic C−H Phosphorylation of 1,3‐Diarylpropenes
Authors: Chen Qian , Wen Chunxiao , Wang Xiaofeng , Yu Guodian , Ou Yingcong , Huo Yanping , Zhang Kun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn efficient allylic C−H phosphorylation has been achieved through the DDQ‐promoted cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of 1,3‐diarylpropenes with P(O)H compounds at room temperature. This method provides a convenient route to allylphosphonates in up to 97% yield with good functional group compatibility.magnified image
Improved vasculogenesis and bone matrix formation through coculture of endothelial cells and stem cells in tissue‐specific methacryloyl gelatin‐based hydrogels
Authors: Wenz Annika , Tjoeng Iva , Schneider Isabelle , Kluger Petra J. , Borchers Kirsten 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe coculture of osteogenic and angiogenic cells and the resulting paracrine signaling via soluble factors are supposed to be crucial for successfully engineering vascularized bone tissue equivalents. In this study, a coculture system combining primary human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) and primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) within two types of hydrogels based on methacryloyl‐modified gelatin (GM) as three‐dimensional scaffolds was examined for its support of tissue specific cell functions. HDMECs, together with hASCs as supporting cells, were encapsulated in soft GM gels and were indirectly cocultured with hASCs encapsulated in stiffer GM hydrogels additionally containing methacrylate‐modified hyaluronic acid and hydroxyapatite particles. After 14 days, the hASC in the stiffer gels (constituting the “bone gels”) expressed matrix proteins like collagen type I and fibronectin, as well as bone‐specific proteins osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase. After 14 days of coculture with HDMEC‐laden hydrogels, the viscoelastic properties of the bone gels were significantly higher compared with the gels in monoculture. Within the soft vascularization gels, the formed capillary‐like networks were significantly longer after 14 days of coculture than the structures in the control gels. In addition, the stability as well as the complexity of the vascular networks was significantly increased by coculture. We discussed and concluded that osteogenic and angiogenic signals from the culture media as well as from cocultured cell types, and tissue‐specific hydrogel composition all contribute to stimulate the interplay between osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and are a basis for engineering vascularized bone.
Gut–liver on a chip toward an in vitro model of hepatic steatosis
Authors: Lee Seung Yeon , Sung Jong Hwan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHepatic steatosis is a process of abnormal lipid deposition within the liver cells, often caused by excessive alcohol uptake or obesity. A conventional in vitro model for hepatic steatosis uses a liver cell culture, treated with fatty acids and measures accumulation of lipids within the cells. This model does not recapitulate the complex process of absorption and metabolism of digestive lipids. Here, we introduce a gut–liver chip, which mimics the gut absorption and hepatic metabolism in a microfluidic chip. Absorption of fatty acids through gut layer and subsequent deposition within liver cells was demonstrated. Tumor necrosis factor‐α, butyrate, and α‐lipoic acid were chosen as model molecules that can affect hepatic steatosis via different mechanisms, and their effects were evaluated. Our results suggest that the gut–liver chip can mimic the absorption and accumulation of fatty acids in the gut and the liver.
Metabolomic profiling of rat urine after oral administration of the prescription antipyretic Hao Jia Xu Re Qing Granules by UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Yu Chu‐qin , Chen Jian‐ping , Zhong Yan‐mei , Zhong Xun‐long , Tang Chun‐ping , Yang Yi , Lin Hua‐qing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHao Jia Xu Re Qing Granules (HJ), is an effective clinically used antipyretic based on traditional Chinese medicine. Although its antipyretic therapeutic effectiveness is obvious, its therapeutic mechanism has not been comprehensively explored yet. In this research, we first identified potential biomarkers which may be relevant for the antipyretic effect of HJ based on urine metabolomics using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). A rat model of fever was established using the yeast‐induced febrile response. Total‐ion‐current metabolic profiles of different groups were acquired and the data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis–partial least‐squares discriminant analysis. As envisioned, the results revealed changes of urine metabolites related to the antipyretic effect. Fourteen potential biomarkers were selected from the urine samples based on the results of Student's t‐test, “shrinkage t”, variable importance in projection and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis. N‐Acetylleucine, kynurenic acid, indole‐3‐ethanol, nicotinuric acid, pantothenic acid and tryptophan were the most significant biomarkers found in the urine samples, and may be crucially related to the antipyretic effect of HJ. Consequently, we propose the hypothesis that the significant antipyretic effect the HJ may be related to the inhibition of tryptophan metabolism. This research thus provides strong theoretical support and further direction to explain the antipyretic mechanism of HJ, laying the foundation for future studies.
Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activities of Novel 1,2,4‐Triazole Schiff Base Derivatives
Authors: Jin Ruyi , Liu Jingli , Zhang Guanghui , Li Jiajia , Zhang Shuan , Guo Hui 
Published: July 2018

With the aim to find new compounds with high antifungal activity, 21 4‐amino‐5‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazole Schiff bases (2a – 2g, 3a – 3g, and 4a – 4g) were designed and synthesized. Their antifungal activities against Pythium solani, Gibberlla nicotiancola, Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. niveum, Gibberlla saubinetii, Alternaria iycopersici, Phytophthora capsici, Physalospora piricola, Cercospora arachidicola hori, and Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. cucumber were tested, parts of the compounds exhibited excellent antifungal activity. This research provides useful information for further study of antifungal agents.
Protein Engineering of the Progesterone Hydroxylating P450‐Monooxygenase CYP17A1 Alters Its Regioselectivity
Authors: Morlock Lisa K. , Grobe Sascha , Balke Kathleen , Mauersberger Stephan , Böttcher Dominique , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe CYP171 enzyme is known to catalyse a key step in the steroidogenesis of mammals. The substrates progesterone and pregnenolone are first hydroxylated at the C17 position, and this is followed by cleavage of the C17−C20 bond to yield important precursors for glucosteroids and androgens. In this study, we focused on the reaction of the bovine CYP17A1 enzyme with progesterone as a substrate. On the basis of a created homology model, active‐site residues were identified and systematically mutated to alanine. In whole‐cell biotransformations, the importance of the N202, R239, G297 and E305 residues for substrate conversion was confirmed. Additionally, mutation of the L206, V366 and V483 residues enhanced the formation of the 16α‐hydroxyprogesterone side product up to 40 % of the total product formation. Furthermore, residue L105 was found not to be involved in this side activity, which contradicts a previous study with the human enzyme.
Study of the functionality of nixtamalized maize flours and tortillas added with microcapsules of ferrous fumarate and folic acid
Authors: Martínez‐Bustos Fernando , Cruz Sánchez Alejandro , Ortega‐Martínez Areli del C. , Aguilar‐Palazuelos Ernesto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn Mexico, the deficiency of folic acid (FA) and iron in the diet of citizens of some rural zones are public health problems. Fortification is a viable strategy for improving processing, sensory acceptation, and overall quality of the fortified food. Acetylated normal and waxy maize starches were evaluated as wall materials of FA and ferrous fumarate (FF) and analyzed the addition of these microencapsulated micronutrients in the functional properties of nixtamalized maize flour and tortillas.FindingsHydrolyzed, succinylated, and extruded maize starches showed good performance as wall materials of micronutrients in the spray dryer. Microcapsules prepared with derivative starches have higher retention of FA and FF.ConclusionsFresh and stored tortillas at room temperature and in refrigerator added with encapsulated micronutrients were not affected in their color, tensile strength, moisture content, and cutting values and showed good retention of micronutrients. The sensorial panel judged tortillas added with microencapsulated micronutrients with sensorial properties similar to tortillas made with commercial nixtamalized maize flour.Significance and noveltyModified maize starches showed good properties as encapsulant agents of micronutrients added to nixtamalized maize flours and tortillas.
Improved Li–Metal Cycling Performance in High Concentrated Electrolytes for Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Pranay Reddy K. , Fischer Philipp , Marinaro Mario , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince the carbonate‐solvents used in Li‐ion batteries were incompatible for Li‐O2 electrochemistry, alternatives have been investigated recently. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) stands among the best solvents for the Li‐O2 system owing to its comparative stability against the superoxide and peroxide species formed during cell discharge. However, it has a drawback of instability towards metallic lithium. Recent reports suggest the use of concentrated electrolytes that prevent solvent decomposition via shielding from lithium‐metal. Herein, LiTFSI/DMSO is chosen as salt/solvent configuration with 3 salt concentrations. The solution properties, namely ionic conductivity, Li‐transference number, and viscosity are studied along with electrochemical properties such as Li‐stripping/plating coulombic efficiency and symmetrical long‐term cycling. It is shown that concentrated electrolytes (>1 M) exhibit superior cycling stability and coulombic efficiency. Post cycling analysis on electrodes confirms solvent decomposition only in low concentrated electrolyte. Moreover, the presence of oxygen in concentrated solutions yields an even better cycling stability than oxygen free electrolyte.
Multifold Nanostructuring and Atomic‐Scale Modulation of Cobalt Phosphide to Significantly Boost Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yu Jie , Wu Xinhao , Zhong Yijun , Yang Guangming , Ni Meng , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWater electrolysis is regarded as a green and highly efficient approach to producing high‐purity hydrogen, but commercialization of this technology still requires the development of high‐performance and affordable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Currently, because of its excellent electrical conductivity and good corrosion resistance in acidic media, cobalt phosphide (CoP) has become a representative non‐noble‐metal HER catalyst despite its inadequate catalytic activity. Herein, a strategy of multiple catalyst‐structure engineering, which simultaneously includes doping, nanostructuring, and in situ nanocarbon coating, was employed to significantly improve the HER performance of CoP. CoP with optimized ruthenium doping and covered by ultrathin graphitic carbon shells shows remarkably high HER catalytic behaviour with a low overpotential of only 73 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 46 mV dec−1, close to that of the Pt/C benchmark, while maintaining excellent durability. Moreover, the ultrathin graphene shell has a significant positive effect on catalytic activity. This work demonstrates the necessity and validity of multifold structural control, which can be widely used to design various materials for different catalytic processes.
Exploring drivers of litter decomposition in a greening Arctic: results from a transplant experiment across a treeline
Authors: Parker Thomas C. , Sanderman Jonathan , Holden Robert D. , Blume‐Werry Gesche , Sjögersten Sofie , Large David , Castro‐Díaz Miguel , Street Lorna E. , Subke Jens‐Arne , Wookey Philip A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDecomposition of plant litter is a key control over carbon (C) storage in the soil. The biochemistry of the litter being produced, the environment in which the decomposition is taking place, and the community composition and metabolism of the decomposer organisms exert a combined influence over decomposition rates. As deciduous shrubs and trees are expanding into tundra ecosystems as a result of regional climate warming, this change in vegetation represents a change in litter input to tundra soils and a change in the environment in which litter decomposes. To test the importance of litter biochemistry and environment in determining litter mass loss, we reciprocally transplanted litter between heath (Empetrum nigrum), shrub (Betula nana), and forest (Betula pubescens) at a sub‐Arctic treeline in Sweden. As expansion of shrubs and trees promotes deeper snow, we also used a snow fence experiment in a tundra heath environment to understand the importance of snow depth, relative to other factors, in the decomposition of litter. Our results show thatB. pubescensandB. nanaleaf litter decomposed at faster rates thanE. nigrumlitter across all environments, while all litter species decomposed at faster rates in the forest and shrub environments than in the tundra heath. The effect of increased snow on decomposition was minimal, leading us to conclude that microbial activity over summer in the productive forest and shrub vegetation is driving increased mass loss compared to the heath. UsingB. pubescensandE. nigrumlitter, we demonstrate that degradation of carbohydrate‐C is a significant driver of mass loss in the forest. This pathway was less prominent in the heath, which is consistent with observations that tundra soils typically have high concentrations of “labile” C. This experiment suggests that further expansion of shrubs and trees may stimulate the loss of undecomposed carbohydrate C in the tundra.
Adolescents Becoming Feminist on Twitter: New Literacies Practices, Commitments, and Identity Work
Authors: Gleason Benjamin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe author investigated the relation between young people's new literacies practices and identity development on Twitter and found that participants used three new literacies practices (live‐tweeting, hashtagging, and information sharing) in unique ways to develop feminist identities in this social media space. Participants mobilized popular culture to initiate dialogue about feminist issues, such as the wage gap, to participate in social activism (e.g., advocating for women's reproductive care), and to provide informal counsel to peers. Twitter can be a vital space for young people to become feminists, providing opportunities to learn, develop, and participate.