bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concepts in Early Reconstruction of the Burned Hand
Authors: Hundeshagen Gabriel , Warszawski Jan , Tapking Christian , Ziegler Benjamin , Hirche Christoph , Kneser Ulrich , Schmidt Volker J. 
Published: October 2019

Background
Early reconstruction of burn sequelae of the hand can be challenging owing to high goals for functional and aesthetic outcome. A variety of reconstructive procedures with ascending levels of complexity exists and warrants careful indication.

Methods
In this case series, the main reconstructive techniques for reconstruction of burn defects of the hand are described, illustrated, and discussed: split thickness skin grafting (STSG) with fibrin glue, dermal matrices with STSG, distant random pattern (abdominal bridge) flap, distant pedicled flap (superficial circumflex iliac artery flap), and free microvascular tissue transfer (anterolateral thigh flap). An algorithm for decision making in the reconstructive process is proposed.

Results
Split thickness skin grafting provides sufficient coverage for partial thickness defects without exposure of functional structures; fixation with fibrin glue avoids unnecessary stapling. Dermal matrices under STSG provide vascularized granulation tissue on full thickness defects and can be used as salvage procedure on functional structures. Distant random pattern or pedicled flaps provide sufficient coverage of large full thickness defects with exposed functional structures but pose some challenges regarding patient compliance and immobilization. Free tissue transfer allows tailored reconstruction of large full thickness defects with exposed functional structures and can be safely and feasibly performed. Secondary and tertiary procedures are needed with more complex techniques; if applied correctly and consequently, all methods can yield favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Conclusions
Reconstruction of the burned hand may require a broad armamentarium of surgical techniques with different levels of complexity, versatility, and applicability. Excellent results can be achieved with the right procedure for the right patient.
Simultaneous Surgical Correction of Skeletal Class III Dentofacial Deformity During Acute Management of Facial Fractures
Authors: Pandit Vikram S. , Chang Chun-Shin , Ho Cheng-Ting , Hsu Sam Sheng-Pin , Lin Susie , Liao Han-Tsung 
Published: October 2019

Background
Mandibular prognathism is a common dentofacial deformity in Asia. Treatment of such condition may vary from orthodontic camouflage to surgical orthodontics with orthognathic surgery depending on the severity of the condition. Because of the prominent position of the mandible, fractures involving different locations of the mandible commonly occur in maxillofacial trauma. Anatomical reduction of maxillofacial fractures and restoration of the pretraumatic occlusion are the primary goals of acute management of facial fractures. In patients with dentofacial deformity, simultaneous surgical correction of their malocclusion and improvement of their facial aesthetics while providing open treatment to the maxillofacial fractures are rarely reported in the literature.

Patients and Methods
We reported 3 cases with combined open reduction and internal fixation and surgery-first orthognathic surgery principles to correct class III malocclusion with mandibular prognathism during acute management of maxillofacial fractures. Computer-assisted surgical simulation was used in surgical planning and fabrication of surgical splint.

Results
Two patients underwent mandibular osteotomies in addition to open reduction and internal fixation of maxillofacial fractures. One patient had both maxillary and mandibular osteotomies during facial fracture repair. Class I occlusion with satisfactory facial profile was achieved in all 3 cases.

Conclusions
Careful patient selection with presurgical planning using computer-assisted surgical simulation is essential in achieving successful outcomes in correcting dentofacial deformities while managing maxillofacial fractures. This combined technique is a viable option in the surgical management of facial fractures in patients with dentofacial deformities.
Perioperative Risks of Sleeve Gastrectomy Versus Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Montgomery John R. , Waits Seth A. , Dimick Justin B. , Telem Dana A. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To determine whether patients with CKD experience higher rates of perioperative complications after RYGB compared to sleeve gastrectomy.

Summary of Background Data:
For obese CKD patients who qualify for bariatric surgery, sleeve gastrectomy is often preferred to RYGB based on perceptions of prohibitively-high perioperative risks surrounding RYGB. However, some patients with CKD are not candidates for sleeve gastrectomy and the incremental increased-risk from RYGB has never been rigorously tested in this population.

Methods:
CKD patients who underwent RYGB or sleeve gastrectomy between 2015 and 2017 were identified from the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program Participant Use File. RYGB patients were 1:1 propensity-score matched with sleeve gastrectomy patients based on preoperative factors that influence operative choice. Primary outcomes included 30-day readmissions, surgical complications, medical complications, and death. Secondary outcomes included the individual complications used to create the composite surgical/medical complications. Univariate logistic regression was used to compare outcomes. E-value statistic was used to test the strength of outcome point estimates against possible unmeasured confounding.

Results:
Demographics were similar between RYGB (n = 673) and sleeve gastrectomy (n = 673) cohorts. There were no statistically significant differences in primary outcomes. Among secondary outcomes, only acute kidney injury was statistically-significantly higher among RYGB patients (4.9% vs 2.7%, P = 0.035, E-value 1.27).

Conclusions:
Among well-matched cohorts of RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy patients, incidence of primary outcomes were similar. Among secondary outcomes, only acute kidney injury was statistically-significantly higher among RYGB patients; however, the E-value for this difference was small and relatively weak confounder(s) could abrogate the statistical difference. The perception that RYGB has prohibitively-high perioperative risks among CKD patients is disputable and operative selection should be weighed on patient candidacy and anticipated long-term benefit.
Studying global processing in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with gaze movements: The example of a copying task
Authors: Seernani D. , Ioannou C. , Damania K , Spindler K. , Hill H. , Foulsham T. , Smyrnis N. , Bender S. , Fleischhaker C. , Biscaldi M. , Ebner-Priemer U. , Klein C 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent discussions in the literature, along with the revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) [2], suggest aetiological commonalities between the highly comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Addressing this discussion requires studying these disorders together by comparing constructs typical to each of them. In the present study, we investigate global processing, known to be difficult for participants with ASD, and Intra-Subject Variability (ISV), known to be consistently increased in participants with ADHD, in groups, aged 10-13 years, with ADHD (n=25), ASD without comorbid ADHD (ASD-) (n=13) and ASD with ADHD (ASD+) (n=18) in comparison with a typically developing group (n=22). A Copying task, typically requiring global processing and in this case particularly designed using equally complex stimuli to also measure ISV across trials, was selected. Oculomotor measures in this task proved to be particularly sensitive to group differences. While increased ISV was not observed in the present task in participants with ADHD, both ASD groups needed to look longer on the figure to be drawn, indicating that global processing takes longer in ASD. However, the ASD+ group needed to fixate on the figure only between drawing movements, whereas the ASD-group needed to do this throughout the drawing process. The present study provides evidence towards ASD and ADHD being separate, not-overlapping, disorders. Since the pure ASD-group was affected more by central coherence problems than the ASD+ group, it may suggest that neuropsychological constructs interact differently in different clinical groups and sub-groups.
The role of SRSF3 splicing factor in generating circular RNAs
Authors: Naqvi Ammar S. , Asnani Mukta , Black Kathryn L. , Hayer Katharina E. , Taylor Deanne , Thomas-Tikhonenko Andrei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a novel class of non-coding RNAs that are emerging as potentially important regulators of gene expression. circRNAs are typically generated from host gene transcripts through a non-canonical back-splicing mechanism, whose regulation is still not well understood. To explore regulation of circRNAs in cancer, we generated sequence data from RNase R-resistant transcripts in human p493-6 B-lymphoid cells and identified thousands of novel as well as previously identified circRNAs. Approximately 40% of expressed genes generated a circRNA, with half of them generating multiple isoforms, suggesting the involvement of alternative back-splicing and regulatory RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). We observed that genes generating circRNAs with back-spliced exonic junctions were enriched for RBP recognition motifs, including multiple splicing factors, most notably SRSF3, a splicing factor known to promote exon inclusion. To test the role of SRSF3 role in circRNA production, we performed traditional RNA-seq in p493-6 B-lymphoid cells with and without SRSF3 knockdown, and identified 926 mRNA transcripts, whose canonical splicing was affected by SRSF3. We found that a subset (205) of these SRSF3 targets served as host transcripts for circRNA, suggesting that SRSF3 may regulate exon circularization. Since this splicing factor is deregulated in hematologic malignancies, we hypothesize that SRSF3-dependent circRNAs, similar to their mRNA counterparts, might contribute to the pathogenesis of lymphomas and leukemias.
Bootstrapping promotes the RSFC-behavior associations: an application of individual cognitive traits prediction
Authors: Wei Lijiang , Jing Bin , Li Haiyun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResting state functional connectivity records enormous functional interaction information between any pair of brain nodes, which enriches the prediction of individual phenotypes. To reduce the high dimensional features in prediction, correlation analysis is a common way for feature selection. However, rs-fMRI signal exhibits typically low signal-to-noise ratio and correlation analysis is sensitive to outliers and data distribution, which may bring unstable and uninformative features to subsequent prediction. To alleviate this problem, a bootstrapping-based feature selection framework was proposed and applied on three widely used regression models: connectome-based predictive model (CPM), support vector regression (SVR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). A large open-source dataset from Human Connectome Project (HCP) was adopted in the study and a series of cognitive traits were acted as the prediction targets. To systematically investigate the influences of different parameter settings on the bootstrapping-based framework, a total of 216 parameter combinations were evaluated through the R value between the predicted and real cognitive traits, and the best identified performance among them was chosen out as the final prediction accuracy for each cognitive trait. By using bootstrapping without replacement, the best performances of CPM with positive and negative feature sets, SVR and LASSO averagely increased by 28.0%, 33.2%, 11.6% and 24.3% in R values in contrast to the baseline method without bootstrapping. By using bootstrapping with replacement, these best performances increased by 22.1%, 22.9%, 9.4% and 19.6%. Furthermore, the bootstrapping-based feature selection methods could effectively refine the original feature sets obtained from correlation analysis, which thus retained the more stable and informative feature sets. The results demonstrate that bootstrapping-based feature selection is an easy-to-use and effective method to improve RSFC prediction of cognitive traits and is highly recommended in future RSFC prediction studies.
Functional brain network reconfiguration during learning in a dynamic environment
Authors: Kao Chang-Hao , Khambhati Ankit N. , Bassett Danielle S. , Nassar Matthew R. , McGuire Joseph T. , Gold Joshua I. , Kable Joseph W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhen learning about dynamic and uncertain environments, people should update their beliefs most strongly when new evidence is most informative, such as when the environment undergoes a surprising change or existing beliefs are highly uncertain. Here we show that modulations of surprise and uncertainty are encoded in a particular, temporally dynamic pattern of whole-brain functional connectivity, and this encoding is enhanced in individuals that adapt their learning dynamics more appropriately in response to these factors. The key feature of this whole-brain pattern of functional connectivity is stronger connectivity, or functional integration, between the fronto-parietal and other functional systems. Our results provide new insights regarding the association between dynamic adjustments in learning and dynamic, large-scale changes in functional connectivity across the brain.
Comparative therapeutic potential of ALX-0171 and palivizumab against RSV clinical isolate infection of well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cell cultures
Authors: Broadbent Lindsay , Parke Hong Guo , Ferguson Lyndsey J. , Miller Andrena , Shields Michael D. , Detalle Laurent , Power Ultan F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in young infants. There are no RSV-specific treatments available. Ablynx has been developing an anti-RSV F-specific Nanobody®, ALX-0171. To characterise the therapeutic potential of ALX-0171 we exploited our well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cell (WD-PBEC)/RSV infection model, which replicates several hallmarks of RSV diseasein vivo.Using 2 clinical isolates (BT2a; Memphis 37), we compared the therapeutic potential of ALX-0171 with palivizumab, which is currently prescribed for RSV prophylaxis in high-risk infants. ALX-0171 treatment (900 mM) at 24 h post-infection reduced apically released RSV titers to near or below the limit of detection within 24 h for both strains. Progressively lower doses resulted in concomitantly diminished RSV neutralisation. ALX-0171 was approximately 3 fold more potent in this therapeutic RSV/WD-PBEC model than palivizumab (mean IC50= 346.9-363.6 nM and 1048-1090 nM for ALX-0171 and palivizumab, respectively), irrespective of the clinical isolate. When viral genomic copies (GC) were measured by RT-qPCR, the therapeutic effect was considerably less and GCs were only moderately reduced (0.62 – 1.28 Log10copies/mL) by ALX-0171 treatment at 300 and 900 nM. Similar findings were evident for palivizumab. Therefore, ALX-0171 was very potent at neutralising RSV released from apical surfaces but only had a limited impact on virus replication. The data indicate a clear disparity between viable virus neutralisation and GC viral load, the latter of which does not discriminate between viable and neutralised RSV. This study validates the RSV/WD-PBEC model for the pre-clinical evaluation of RSV antivirals.
Age of seizure onset as a major determinant of memory changes following surgery for hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Leal-Conceição Eduardo , Bianchin Marino Muxfeldt , Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , de Oliveira Liss Januário , Wagner Mário Bernardes , Palmini André , Neto Eliseu Paglioli , Radaelli Graciane , Escobar Vinícius Spencer , da Costa Jaderson Costa , Portuguez Mirna Wetters 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relation of epileptological and surgical variables with post-operative memory performance, following surgery for refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS).MethodsLogical memory (LM) and visual memory (VM) scores for immediate and late recall of 201 patients operated for MTLE/HS from 1996 to 2016 were reviewed. All patients were evaluated prior to surgery and reevaluated up until 5 years after the procedure. Scores were standardized to a control group of 54 healthy individuals matched for age and education. Patients were divided in two groups according to the hemisphere affected and scores for immediate and late recall were compared. Reliable Change Index (RCI) with a 90% confidence interval was performed to verify individual memory changes for each late LM (lLM) and late VM (lVM) score. A multiple linear regression was performed with the RCI using late recall scores of lLM and lVM and clinical variables.Results112 (56%) patients had left HS (lHS). The lHS group showed decreased immediate LM (iLM) scores before and after surgery (p<0.05), compared with rHS. The rHS group showed increased iLM scores post-operatively (p<0.05). RCI of the rHS group showed that 6 (7%) individuals had improved, 78 (87%) stabilized and 5 (6%) decresead in lLM scores, and for lVM 7 (8%) improved, 80 (89%) stabilized and 2 (3%) worsened (RCI> 1.645). RCI of the lHS group showed that 3 (3%) individuals had increased scores, 104 (93%) stabilized and 5 (4%) worsened for lLM, and for lVM 3 (3%) obtained improved scores, 103 (92%) stabilized and 6 (5%) decreased (RCI> 1.645). lHS and later age of onset of the first epileptic seizure were predictors of lLM loss (p<0.05).ConclusionLeft MTLE/HS and later age of seizure onset were predictive factors for worsening of lLM. No RCI predictors of post-op lVM performance were identified. We found a decreased baseline functioning of LM in the lHS group and improvement of LM in some patients who had resection of the right MTL. Patients of the rHS group had a higher percentage of reliable post-op improvement for both VM and LM scores.
Topical 2% ketoconazole cream monotherapy significantly improves adult female acne: A double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Chottawornsak Natcha , Chongpison Yuda , Asawanonda Pravit , Kumtornrut Chanat 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe emergence of bacterial resistance is a global crisis. Prolonged use of antibiotics especially in acne is one issue of concern among dermatologists. Ketoconazole (KTZ) cream, a topical antifungal with anti‐inflammatory and antiandrogenic actions, can decrease lipase activity ofCutibacterium acnes in vitro. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of KTZ cream in mild adult female acne (AFA) by conducting a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial using KTZ 2% and placebo cream twice daily for 10 weeks. We assessed the improvement of clinical severity, measured by AFA score graded by investigators and participants, and the change of acne count. Forty‐one participants enrolled in our study. The proportion of participants with acne improvement from baseline (42.9% vs 9.5%,P = 0.015) and the success rate (45.0% vs 14.3%,P = 0.043) in the KTZ group were significantly higher than that of the placebo group. The most common adverse events were dryness and itching. The percentage change of acne count decreased significantly compared with baseline but did not differ statistically between the two groups (P = 0.268). We concluded that the KTZ monotherapy showed a plausible effect in improving AFA with excellent safety profile. It should be considered as a viable option for mild AFA treatment.
Pop‐off data storage tags reveal niche partitioning between native and non‐native predators in a novel ecosystem
Authors: Raby Graham D. , Johnson Timothy B. , Kessel Steven T. , Stewart Thomas J. , Fisk Aaron T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Niche partitioning might be predicted to be particularly dynamic in ‘novel ecosystems’ characterized by human‐altered environmental conditions and biological invasions. Restoration efforts for native species in such systems can be informed by detailed characterization of niche partitioning.

In Lake Ontario, fishery management agencies have been engaged in a long‐term struggle to restore native top predators including lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Meanwhile, management agencies continue to stock non‐native species like Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into the lake to support a recreational fishery and to help control the abundance of a non‐native forage fish, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus).

We used pop‐off data storage tags to study fine scale (9.1M lines of data from 22 animals) behaviour and habitat use by lake trout (native) and Chinook salmon (non‐native) in Lake Ontario in terms of depth and temperature, recorded at ≤70 s intervals for periods of up to 12 months.

Chinook salmon occupied warmer and shallower waters during summer than did lake trout, and their niche breadth was wider. They achieved greater niche breadth in part because they were much more active vertically, cumulatively traveling 103 ± 1 m/hour during summer (model‐estimated median), whereas most lake trout were relatively inactive vertically (7 ± 1 m/hour). In each of our analyses, there was more inter‐individual variation among lake trout than among Chinook salmon, driven by some lake trout that spent considerable time making forays into warmer, shallower waters.

Synthesis and applications. Our results illustrate the different foraging tactics used by two species in the Great Lakes and reflect their distinct life histories. Physical niche partitioning between Chinook salmon and lake trout helps to explain how these species can co‐exist in a multi‐species fishery even while having overlap in diet. The diversity of behaviours exhibited here by native lake trout have likely helped them persist during dramatic changes to the forage base in recent decades; that flexibility could help underlie their long‐term prospects for restoration during future changes to the ecosystem.