bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los pliegues de la subjetividad: individuo y responsabilidad moral en la Grecia Antigua
Authors: Lozano Nembrot Milena 
Published: May 2019

<p>La moral griega clásica ha sido objeto de diversas interpretaciones por parte de especialistas y filósofos. Por un lado, encontramos una línea exegética, de tradición alemana, que observa en la moral griega desde Homero a la época helenística un progresivo desarrollo, en donde se formarían por primera vez ciertas nociones básicas de la ética occidental. Por otro lado, a partir de los años setenta del siglo pasado se han hecho varias críticas a este tipo de posición, haciendo hincapié en las continuidades tanto dentro de los siglos de la Grecia Antigua como con respecto a la actualidad. El objetivo del presente artículo es, en primer lugar, trazar un mapa de estas dos líneas fundamentales en los estudios específicos sobre esta temática. De esta forma, la parte más extensa de este trabajo consistirá en un recorrido por los textos de los principales referentes de estas líneas de pensamiento, para observar sus similitudes y diferencias, y rastrear sus fundamentos filosóficos. En segundo lugar, propondremos brevemente un punto de partida concreto para analizar la ética griega y sus posibles cambios: la aparición y desarrollo del concepto de enkrateia o “dominio de sí”, término que aparece recién en los testimonios del siglo IV a. C., pero que, como veremos, se origina en el ambiente intelectual del siglo V a.C. Por último, consideraremos este tema desde la lectura de Foucault, y la interpretación deleuziana de esta, la cual coloca como clave para comprender la ética antigua el concepto de gobierno de sí. De esta manera, a partir de lo visto en el segundo apartado, a la luz de la filosofía foucaultiana, propondremos un modo de acercamiento a la ética griega que permita apreciar los cambios dentro de esta, sin suponer una visión evolucionista de la historia de la moral.</p>
Inspiración poética y conocimiento en el Ion platónico
Authors: Delgado Ana Carolina 
Published: May 2019

<p>El planteamiento con el que se aborda la cuestión de la interpretación literaria responde en Ion no a un interés estético relativo a la adecuada producción y recepción de la poesía, sino, más bien, a un interés de corte estrictamente epistemológico. En efecto, la pregunta que atraviesa el análisis de este diálogo apunta a examinar las condiciones que habría de involucrar toda práctica discursiva, como la de interpretar una obra poética, para llevar a cabo adecuadamente su objetivo. El modelo al que se recurre para analizar la práctica de la interpretación poética es el de la technê, esto es, el de un saber especializado que rige la producción de una determinada obra. De este tipo de saber se destacan en el diálogo dos de sus características fundamentales, a saber, la de abordar un dominio unitario de objetos y la constituirse a sí misma a partir de un objeto específico. En este marco temático, se observa que, contra lo que suele suponerse, el motivo de la inspiración divina no es introducido por Platón para referirse a la posibilidad de que en el origen de la poesía se encuentre un fenómeno de carácter sapiencial superior. El de la inspiración es, más bien, un tópico que viene a expresar exactamente la misma conclusión a la que se arriba en los dos momentos refutatorios del diálogo, a saber, la carencia de conocimiento por parte del rapsoda Ión, y de todo aquél que lleve a cabo su oficio al modo en que Ión lo hace. Los términos en que se expresa la conclusión en el discurso socrático es elogioso y, por tanto, más aceptable, pero el contenido de la conclusión es la misma.</p><p>La tesis fuerte de Platón en este diálogo defiende que un saber efectivamente conducente a la adecuada interpretación de un discurso incluye necesariamente un pasaje previo por el conocimiento del correlato externo al que el discurso se refiere. Dicho de otro modo, la hermenéutica trabaja como conocimiento si y sólo si se emplaza en una específica relación de dependencia respecto del conocimiento de los asuntos de que se trata en los discursos; conocimiento que, a su vez, compete a los saberes especializados en esos determinados asuntos. De lo contrario la hermenéutica no dejaría de ser sino una mera práctica librada a error que, en el mejor de los casos, podría proceder de una mera afición y obtener exitosos resultados sólo de manera más o menos casual. En este sentido, las discursivas son siempre técnicas subsidiarias de las ciencias que se ocupan de los temas tratados en los distintos discursos del caso.</p>
Perbandingan Hasil Pemeriksaan Hemoglobin Metode Azidemet Hemoglobin dan Cyanide-Free
Authors: Asih Estu Sami , Pramudianti Diah , Gunawan Lucia Sincu 
Published: May 2019

Hemoglobin (Hb) adalah komponen utama sel darah merah atau eritrosit yang terdiri dari heme dan globin. Pemeriksaan Hb otomatis dapat dilakukan diantaranya dengan metode Azidemet Hb pada alat Point Of Care Testing (POCT) dan metode Cyanide-free pada alat Hematology Analyzer. Penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil pemeriksaan Hb metode Azidemet Hb dan Cyanide- free.
Penelitian bersifat observasi analitik cross sectional, dilakukan pada 78 sampel menggunakan alat Quick Chek dan Cell Dyn Ruby di Instalasi Patologi Klinik Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) dr. Moewardi di Surakarta pada bulan Mei - Juni 2017, digunakan uji perbedaan Independent Sample T-Test dan Paired Sample T-Test dengan signifikansi 0,05 dan interval kepercayaan (IK) Karakteristik subjek penelitian mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) umur 51,6 ± 12,89 tahun, perempuan 50 (64,1 %), laki-laki 28 (35,9 %). Hasil mean ± SD kadar Hb metode Azidemet Hb (darah kapiler), Cyanide-free (darah vena), dan Azidemet Hb (darah vena) adalah 11,75 ± 1,65 g/dl, 11,57 ± 1,77 g/dl, dan 11,43 ±1,65 g/dl.
Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p = 0,51) hasil pemeriksaan Hb metode Azidemet Hb (darah kapiler) dan Cyanide-free (darah vena). Ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p = 0,01) hasil pemeriksaan Hb metode Azidemet Hb (darah vena) dan Cyanide-free (darah vena). Metode Azidemet Hb disarankan hanya digunakan untuk sampel darah kapiler, perlu penelitian lebih lanjut dengan metode dan jenis sampel yang lain.
Kata kunci : Hemoglobin, metode Azidemet Hb, metode Cyanide-free
Association of plasma levels of testosterone and vitamin D with abdominal obesity and smoking. Pilot study
Authors: Zhidkova E. A. , Oranskaya A. N. , Kalinin M. R. , Gurevich K. G. 
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study is to study the association of vitamin D and testosterone levels in railway workers in the presence of concomitant risk factors: smoking and abdominal obesity.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with inpatient profi le (form 003/s) for the period from 01.01.2016 to 31.12.2018, treated in the Scientifi c Advisory Center /SAC/ N «Russian Railways», Moscow. Among these medical records were randomly selected 60? of these, 30 were without signs of central obesity and 30 were with signs of central obesity. The criterion for central obesity were waist circumference of 102 cm or more. The results of biochemical studies, plasma content of free testosterone and vitamin D, as well as indications of whether the patient smokes or not were writt en out. The mean age was 45,3±9.0 years; body mass index (BMI) was 38,1±7.4 kg/m2. Results. Th e presence of abdominal obesity and Smoking were factors that were independently or in combination associated (p<0.05) with changes in glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, testosterone, and vitamin D. Both abdominal obesity and smoking were associated with increased levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and triglycerides, as well as decreased testosterone and vitamin D. Th e χ2 method has been shown that low testosterone levels are observed against the background of low plasma concentrations of vitamin D mainly in smokers, and high testosterone levels against the background of high vitamin D content — in non-smokers. Similarly, against the background of central obesity, low testosterone levels are associated with low vitamin D. signifi cant (p<0.05) weight correlations with triglyceride levels (0.50); waist circumferences with triglyceride levels (0.53), glucose and glycated hemoglobin (0.59), cholesterol, and LDL (0.93) were found.Conclusion: Th e simultaneous reduction of vitamin D and testosterone levels, the most typical for smokers and for those with signs of abdominal obesity, requires more att ention fr om endocrinologists.
Lipoid pneumonia in an employee of the petrochemical laboratory
Authors: Brovko M. Yu. , Strizhakov L. A. , Sholomova V. I. , Ezhova N. E. , Lebedeva M. V. , Konovalov D. V. , Moiseev S. V. 
Published: May 2019

Th e most common pathologies of the respiratory organs caused by harmful production factors include dust diseases, bronchial asthma, various variants of toxic lesions and hypersensitive pneumonitis. However, there are also more rare diseases, the awareness of doctors about which is insuffi cient. Th ese include, in addition to alveolar proteinosis, rare forms of interstitial pneumonia, including lipoid pneumonia. Lipoid pneumonia is a rare lung disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid substances in the alveoli. Cases of development of lipoid pneumonia as a result of inhalation or aspiration of various substances, including oil products are described. Th e presented clinical observation presents a case of morphologically confi rmed disease development in an employee of the petrochemical laboratory who has been in contact with oil vapors and products of its processing for a long time. Th e main approaches to the treatment of such patients are mentioned. Due to the fact that this pathology is not in the list of occupational diseases approved in the Russian Federation, it was not possible to link the patient’s disease with the profession. Th e article discusses the features of the legal framework in the fi eld of occupational diseases in the Russian Federation and in the world, proposed harmonization of the list of occupational diseases with the list of the international labour organization as one of the main tasks to improve the legal framework in the fi eld of occupational pathology in Russia.
The Role of Healthy Workplace in Austria
Authors: Spitzbart S. , Heigl C. 
Published: May 2019

The topic of healthy workplace is part of the Austrian health targets. The 10 Austrian health targets were developed with the aim to prolong the healthy life years of all people living in Austria within 20 years (until 2032), irrespective of their level of education, income or personal living condition. Th e 10 health targets were offi cially approved by the Bundesgesundheitskommission and the Council of Ministers in summer 2012. Th ey were mentioned in two government programs and are an important basis for the health reform process. Th e fi rst health target focuses on provide health-promoting living and working conditions for all population groups through cooperation of all societal and political areas. Healthy working conditions are a relevant determinant for health and at the focus of health politics in Austria.Developing a national strategy for healthy workplaces is thereby the most infl uential activity that is set by the Ministry of Labour, Social Aff airs, Health and Consumer Protection and Social Security Institutions. Th e main aim of this strategy is to develop an integrated system, in order to achieve the needs of the people and companies.In Austria exists the system of employee protection, which has two specifi c aspects which the other sectors do not have: 1. Employee protection (a legal duty for companies, which means that companies have to fulfi ll the legal requirements), health promotion and reintegration (voluntary for the enterprises). 2. The Fulfi lment of the le gal requirements is controlled by federal institutions — the Labour Inspection. The Duties of these two Institutions are defi ned by federal law and focus mainly on technical protection, working conditions and which is new since 2015 on mental workloads. Health promotion is regulated by diff erent kinds of legal sources at the federal level. Concerning workplace health promotion the two biggest and most important stakeholders are the Network of Workplace Health promotion which is mostly driven by health insurance and the Funds healthy Austria.In Austria exists the national Program “Fit2work”, which is responsible for reintegration at workplaces. Th is National Program is fi nanced by Accident Insurance, Health Insurance, Pension Insurance, Employment Service, unemployment insurance, Ministry of Social and Labour and off ers services for individuals and companies.Also, the key element of the network is the quality-assurance-system, which is well accepted and established in Austria. However modern companies need integrated services that would combine workplace health promotion with employee protection and occupational integration management. These three fields have different legal bases in Austria and are implemented by diff erent institutions now, which is why there is a need for additional collaborations and networks.
Grain Disintegration in a Welded Sheet Construction
Authors: Kauczor Egon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The corner of a welded sheet construction made from austenitic corrosion-resistant chromium-nickel steel showed corrosive attack of the outer sheet. This attack was most severe at the points subjected to the greatest heat during welding. Particularly large amounts of weld metal had been applied. Microscopic examination showed grain disintegration was promoted by the thickness of the weld bead and the amount of heat required to produce it. If nonstabilized austenitic sheet is to be used in the future, one of the particularly low-carbon steels, X2 CrNi 18 9 or X2 CrNiMo 18 10, is recommended.
Examination of Wires for the Manufacture of Tempered Bolts
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A bolt manufacturer observed that products made from certain shipments of steel 41 Cr4 wire were prone to the formation of quench cracks in their rolled threads. The affected wire was tested and found to be highly sensitive to overheating because of the metallurgical method by which it was produced. A stronger decarburization of the case was a contributing factor that could not be prevented by working because the thread was rolled. Hardening tests conducted by the bolt manufacturer showed that quench cracks did not occur in specimens that were turned down before hardening and when notches were machined instead of beaten with a chisel.
Failure of Steam-Water Heat Exchangers
Authors: Brown B. F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Gross wastage and embrittlement were observed in plain carbon steel desuperheaters in five new Naval power plants. The gross wastage could be duplicated in laboratory bomb tests using sodium hydroxide solutions and was concluded to be caused by free caustic concentrated by high heat flux. The embrittlement was shown to be caused by the flow of corrosion generated hydrogen which converted the cementite to methane which nucleated voids in the steel. A thermodynamic estimate indicated that a small amount of chromium would stabilize the carbides against decomposition by hydrogen in this temperature range, and laboratory tests with 2-14% Cr steel verified this.
Failure of Ship Hull Plate Attributed to Lamellar Tearing
Authors: Myllymaki R. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
During a refit of a twenty-year-old Naval destroyer, two cracks were found on the inside of the killed carbon-manganese steel hull plate at the forward end of the boiler room. The cracks coincided with the location of the top and bottom plates of the bilge keel. Metallurgical examination of sections cut from the cracked area identified lamellar tearing as the principle cause of the cracking. This was surprising in 6 mm thick hull plates. Corrosion fatigue and general corrosion also contributed to hull plate perforation. Although it is probable that more lamellar tears exist near the bilge keel in other ships and may be a nuisance in the future, the hull integrity of the ships is not threatened and major repairs are not needed.
Broken Connecting Rod from a Motor Boat
Authors: Kauczor Egon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A connecting rod from a motor boat was broken in two places at the small end. At position I there was a fatigue fracture brought about by operational stress, whereas the fibrous fracture surface II was a secondary tensile fracture. Furthermore the transition on the other side of the rod was cracked symmetrically to the fatigue fracture (position III). Magnetic inspection showed indications of cracking at the transition between the rod and small end in six other connecting rods from the same batch. Metallographic investigation showed the connecting rods were rendered susceptible to fatigue by the notch effect of coarse scale-filled folds formed during forging.
Fractured Post of a Loading Gear
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In a shipyard one of the two posts of a loading gear fractured under a comparatively small load at the point where it was welded into the ship’s deck. The post consisted of several pipe lengths that were produced by longitudinal seam welding of 27 mm thick sheets. The sheet metal was a construction steel of 60 to 75 kp/sq mm strength. Thick-walled parts of steels of such high strength must be preheated to approximately 200 deg C along the edges prior to welding to minimize the strong heat losses by the cold mass of the part. In the case under investigation this either was not done at all or the preheating was not high enough or sufficiently uniform. This damage was therefore caused by a welding defect.
Investigation of a Failed Stainless Steel Spindle Assembly
Authors: Morrison J. , Martin P.D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the metallurgical investigation of a broken spindle used to attach an antenna to the mast of a naval vessel. Visual inspections of both failed and intact fastener assemblies were carried out both on-board ship and in the laboratory followed by metallographic and fractographic examinations. Simulations were also performed on stressed material in a suitable environment to assess the relative importance of postulated failure mechanisms. Factors contributing to this failure including assembly procedures and applied preloads, service loading and environment, and material selection and specification. The discussion considers whether this failure was an isolated incident or is likely to be a fleet-wide problem, and suggests ways to prevent reoccurrence.
Pitting of TiN-Coated Back Surgery Wires
Authors: Dhar Suranjeeta , Mohammed Fameeda , Xu Laura , Fontana Raymond 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
TiN coated back surgery wires were made of Ti-6Al-4V. The reported failure was the presence of pits located in the uncoated area of the wires. The uncoated area of the wire is where the wire is fixtured in the coating chamber during coating. Examination and analysis of the pits using SEM/EDX detection unit revealed significant peaks of B, O, Zr and Fe. Moreover, the shape of the pits was similar to an arc crater. The formation of pits in the wire was caused during coating due to microarcing. A contaminated fixture used during the coating most likely caused the microarcing.
Microstructural Analysis of Failure of a Stainless Steel Bone Plate Implant
Authors: Proverbio E. , Bonaccorsi L.M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Stainless steel is frequently used for bone fracture fixation in spite of its sensitivity to pitting and cracking in chloride containing environments (such as organic fluids) and its susceptibility to fatigue and corrosion fatigue. A 316L stainless steel plate implant used for fixation of a femoral fracture failed after only 16 days of service and before bone callus formation had occurred. The steel used for the implant met the requirements of ASTM Standard F138 but did contain a silica-alumina inclusion that served as the initiation point for a fatigue/corrosion fatigue fracture. The fracture originated as a consequence of stress intensification at the edge of a screw hole located just above the bone fracture; several fatigue cracks were also observed on the opposite side of the screw hole edge. The crack propagated in a brittle-like fashion after a limited number of cycles under unilateral bending. The bending loads were presumably a consequence of leg oscillation during assisted perambulation.
Retrieval and Analysis of Surgical Implants in Brazil: The Need for Proper Regulation
Authors: Azevedo C.R.F. , Hippert E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper summarizes several cases of metallurgical failure analysis of surgical implants conducted at the Laboratory of Failure Analysis of IPT, in Brazil. Investigation revealed that most of the samples were not in accordance with ISO standards and presented evidence of corrosion assisted fracture. Additionally, some components were found to contain fabrication/processing defects that contributed to premature failure. The implant of nonbiocompatible materials results in immeasurable damage to patients as well as losses for the public investment. It is proposed that local sanitary regulation agencies create mechanisms to avoid commercialization of surgical implants that are not in accordance with standards and adopt the practice of retrieval analysis of failed implants. This would protect the public health by identifying and preventing the main causes of failure in surgical implants.
Corroded Pipes from Gas Generating Plant
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
After four months at a temperature of 400 to 5000 C, pipes at a gas generating plant were so heavily eroded they had to be replaced. Three sections of pipe, from different locations, were analyzed to determine whether mechanical wear or corrosion caused the damage. Samples of corrosion product from each pipe section were analyzed for carbon, sulfur, and iron and were found to consist mainly of iron sulfide mixed with soot and rust. The damage resulted from a high content of hydrogen sulfide in the gas (6% CO2, 20% CO, 8 to 12% H2, 0.5 to 1.5% CH4, remainder N2). To process the coal in question, the pipes material should be a heat-resistant steel that contains more chromium and has greater resistance to hydrogen sulfide.
Examination of a Blistered and Cracked Natural Gas Line
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A welded natural gas line of 400 mm OD and 9 mm wall thickness made of unalloyed steel with 0.22C had to be removed from service after four months because of a pipe burst. Metallographic examination showed the pipe section located next to the gas entrance was permeated by cracks or blisters almost over its entire perimeter in agreement with the ultrasonic test results. Only the weld seam and a strip on each side of it were crack-free. Based on this investigation, the pipeline was taken out of service and reconstructed. To avoid such failures in the future, two preventative measures may be considered. One is to desulfurize the gas. Based on tests, however, the desulfurization would have to be carried very far to be successful. The second possibility is to dry the gas to such an extent as to prevent condensate, and this corrosion, from forming no matter how low winter temperatures may drop. This measure was ultimately recommended, deemed more effective and cheaper.
Failure Analysis of a Crude Oil Storage Tank
Authors: May Iain Le 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A 100,000 barrel crude oil storage tank rupture caused extensive property damage in Dec 1980, in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Failure was attributed to a brittle fracture that originated at a weld between a reinforcing pad and a manway nozzle. Factors that contributed to the brittle fracture included incomplete penetration in a single-bevel groove weld, poor impact properties of the hot rolled ASTM A283 low-carbon steel base material, and air temperature down to 27 C on the day of failure. Details of the analysis and results of impact testing are discussed.