bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Bacterial Single-cell RNA-seq Reveals Biofilm Heterogeneity
Authors: Yan Xiaodan , Liao Hebin , Wang Chenyi , Huang Chun , Zhang Wei , Guo Chunming , Pu Yingying 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In contrast to mammalian cells, bacterial cells lack mRNA polyadenylated tails, presenting a hurdle in isolating mRNA amidst the prevalent rRNA during single-cell RNA-seq. This study introduces a novel method, Ribosomal RNA-derived cDNA Depletion (RiboD), seamlessly integrated into the PETRI-seq technique, yielding RiboD-PETRI. This innovative approach offers a cost-effective, equipment-free, and high-throughput solution for bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). By efficiently eliminating rRNA reads and substantially enhancing mRNA detection rates (up to 92%), our method enables precise exploration of bacterial population heterogeneity. Applying RiboD-PETRI to investigate biofilm heterogeneity, distinctive subpopulations marked by unique genes within biofilms were successfully identified. Notably, PdeI, a marker for the cell-surface attachment subpopulation, was observed to elevate cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels, promoting persister cell formation. Thus, we address a persistent challenge in bacterial single-cell RNA-seq regarding rRNA abundance, exemplifying the utility of this method in exploring biofilm heterogeneity. Our method effectively tackles a long-standing issue in bacterial scRNA-seq: the overwhelming abundance of rRNA. This advancement significantly enhances our ability to investigate the intricate heterogeneity within biofilms at unprecedented resolution.
Ultra-Lightweight and Reinforced ZnO/Cellulose Hierarchical Aerogel for Thermal Insulation
Authors: Wang Tingli , Sun Juanjuan , Zhang Fang , Tan Jialing , Wang Chaoxia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Cellulose aerogels (CA) with high porosity and environmental sustainability are expected to replace traditional petroleum-based insulation materials. However, the efficient thermal insulation and mechanical reinforcement of cellulose aerogel still face challenges. We develop zinc oxide/cellulose (ZnO/CA) aerogels through a straightforward strategy involving the dissolution of cellulose in a sodium hydroxide-urea solution followed by directional freezing. Specifically, the sodium hydroxide-urea solution disrupts the intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds within cellulose, converting its crystalline structure from cellulose I to cellulose II. The temperature gradient during directional freezing induces a uniformly ordered, three-dimensional layered porous structure with ultra-low density (0.071–0.102 g/cm³) and high porosity (97.14–98.02%). Importantly, The compressive modulus of the ZnO/CA aerogel reaches 917.43 kPa, while its thermal conductivity is as low as 0.0138 W·m− 1·K− 1, indicating high compressive strength and excellent thermal stability. Within the ZnO/CA aerogel framework, the overall emissivity in the infrared band is below 0.5, effectively reducing thermal radiation intensity. On an 80°C hot target, the surface radiation temperature of the aerogel drops to as low as 38°C. Furthermore, ZnO/CA aerogel-coated fabrics exhibit a 74% increase in insulation compared to untreated cotton fabric and demonstrate effective insulation for various heat sources. The lightweight, reinforced ZnO/CA aerogel offers new possibilities for developing wearable insulating devices and high-performance thermal insulation materials.
Application of problem based learning (PBL) and case based learning (CBL) in the teaching of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Xie Weimin , Li Ya , Liu Xiaohang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of combining problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) in clinical teaching of ectopic pregnanancy.
Methods:Fifth-year students majoring in clinical medicine were recruited in the Department of Gynecology at the Hengyang Central Hospital and Hainan General Hospital from September 2023 to June 2024. The students were randomly assigned into either the combined PBL-CBL group or the traditional group. Students in the experimental group were trained using the combined PBL-CBL teaching method, while those in the traditional group were trained using a lecture based learning (LBL) teaching method. After the end of the class, both groups of students were required to complete a post-class quiz and an anonymous questionnaire.
Results: The basic knowledge score in the combined PBL-CBL group was significantly higher than in the traditional group (42.6 ± 3.6 vs 35.0 ± 2.3, p = 0.000).Similarly, the case analysis score was higher in the combined PBL-CBL group than in the traditional group (37.1 ± 6.2 versus 33.8 ± 5.7, P = 0.013). The scores for learning motivation, understanding, student-teacher interaction, communication skills, clinical thinking skills, self-learning skills, knowledge absorption, and satisfaction with the course in the combined PBL-CBL group were significantly higher than that in the traditional group (P <0.05 for all). However, the score for how much free time the course consumed in the combined PBL-CBL group was significantly higher than that in the traditional group (P <0.05).
Conclusion: The combined PBL-CBL teaching method exhibited better acquisition of basic knowledge and higher competence in case analysis compared with those learning ectopic pregnancy with the traditional teaching methods. These results suggested that the combined PBL-CBL teaching method might be a promising new mode for gynecologic education.
Sector-specific and carbon removal targets could limit adverse impacts of climate change and promote sustainability
Authors: Liu Haifeng , Ampah Jeffrey , Jin Chao , Yao Mingfa , Yin Yan , Afrane Sandylove , Zhang Xuan , Adun Humphrey , Kyle Page , Fuhrman Jay , Bamisile Olusola , Dioha Michael O , Ho David , Ou Yang , McJeon Haewon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study explores a new approach in modeling explicit targets for decarbonization of the electricity and transport sectors combined with separate targets for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) based on the current plans and strategies put forward or expected by countries. Additionally, we examine an equitable "fair share" scenario that aligns sectoral decarbonization timelines and CDR liabilities with the respective capabilities of countries. In this "capability" burden-sharing principle, developed countries with the financial means to support their climate change mitigation efforts undertake faster energy transition while developing countries with lower incomes are allowed an extended timeline for decarbonization and are exempted from excessive CDR obligations. Here, we modify a technology-rich multi-sector model in a manner where explicit sectoral emission reduction and CDR targets can be modeled. Our analysis reveals that adopting this sector-specific strategy shows a potential reduction in residual emissions by up to 35%, and a 35-45% decrease in carbon removal requirement. Furthermore, sector-specific decarbonization and carbon removal targets not only help mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change but also promote sustainability by supporting food security and reducing the global demand for water, land, and fertilizer necessary for energy production and negative emissions.
Mechanical characteristics of roll crushing of ore materials based on discrete element method
Authors: Gu Ruijie , Qin Zhenzhong , Zhao Shuaifeng , Xing Hao , Chen Liaoyuan , Yang Fang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The application of high-pressure grinding rolls for ore crushing is considered to be one of the effective ways to save energy and reduce emissions in the ore processing industry. The crushing effect is directly determined by the forces of ore material during roll crushing. However, the mechanical state of ore material in roll crushing and the effect of roll structure, process parameters, feed particle size, on the force during the crushing of ore material needs to be expanded. Therefore, this paper intends to use the discrete element method to study the mechanical characteristics of roll crushing of ore materials. Firstly, the contact parameters of an ore material and the parameters of the Tavares UFRJ Breakage model are calibrated through tests. Then, considering different roll structures, process parameters, and feed particle sizes of high-pressure grinding rolls, a simulation of the industry high-pressure grinding roll crushing process is developed. The force state of ore material, rolls and cheek plates is studied. The main factors and laws are also investigated, which affect the crushing effect and wear of high-pressure grinding rolls. The results show that the material in the roll-crushing process is mainly subject to the normal force. The forces on particles at different locations in the compression zone are related to average velocity. Specific effects of different parameter levels on the forces on the material, rolls, and cheek plates. The wear between the material and the rolls due to extrusion is slightly lower than the shear effect. Besides, the wear of the cheek plates is mainly dominated by the shear effect of the ore material.
Therapeutic effects of melatonin on the lungs of rats exposed to passive smoking
Authors: Xiong Juanjuan , Xie Li , Huang YiRan , Zhu JiaHui , Hong ZhiYan , Qian HaoYun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Passive smoke has a significant impact on lung function and constitutes a critical public health issue, as smoking generates free radicals that damage the lungs and other tissues. Currently, limited research exists on whether the antioxidant melatonin can mitigate lung damage caused by smoking. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms through which melatonin alleviates acute lung disease induced by passive smoking.
Methods Rats were divided into five groups (n=6): a control group and three groups exposed to low, medium, and high concentrations of smoke, and a melatonin treatment group.
Results Data indicated that in the high concentration passive smoking group, the alveolar structure of the lung tissue was destroyed, and the total antioxidant capacity in lung tissue diminished as the concentration of smoke increased. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β exhibited similar results. The anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL mRNA level significantly decreased in the high concentration smoking group, while no significant changes were observed in the medium and low concentration groups. Conversely, the high concentration passive smoking increased the pro-apoptotic factors Baxand Caspase-3 mRNA levels. Additionally, endogenous melatonin levels in lung tissue gradually decreased following exposure to smoke, whereas the exogenous melatonin alleviated the changes in inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related factors in lung tissue. Furthermore, at high smoking concentrations, the mRNA levels of lung cancer-related genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cytochromeP450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) were significantly increased, while exogenous melatonin reduced the expression of these genes in lung tissue.
Conclusions These findings suggest that melatonin can diminish lung tissue damage, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses induced by passive smoking, as well as decrease the expression of lung cancer-related genes. Further experimental investigations involving exogenous melatonin treatments will be needed.
Surrounded by Invaders: Primate Conservation Challenges in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Guimarães-Lopes Vanessa de Paula , Loureiro Natasha Grosch , Damo Júlia Simões , de Melo Fabiano Rodrigues , Rodrigues Flávio Henrique Guimarães , Massara Rodrigo Lima 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Fragmented landscapes resulting from Atlantic Forest loss can facilitate biological invasions by certain species of the Callithrix genus. These primates demonstrate high invasion potential, spreading across Brazil, competing for resources, and even hybridizing with C. aurita, the only native species to Rio Doce State Park (RDSP). Using playback for data collection and occupancy models, we investigated whether the surrounding matrix type affected Callithrix spp. occupancy probability in RDSP’s surrounding fragments. We also assessed the influence of environmental conditions and fragment size on Callithrix spp. detection probability and identified regions vulnerable to new introductions. Notably, we found no C. aurita in the fragments surrounding the park, only hybrid individuals. Furthermore, western and southern forest remnants are most susceptible to the introduction of non-native marmosets. Our findings underscore a substantial threat to RDSP’s C. aurita population and other native marmoset species of the region. We advocate for controlling allochthonous marmosets in surrounding fragments to safeguard native species.
Efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell in an animal model of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Xue Chunran , Yu Haojun , Ding Jie , Yao Xiaoying , Pei Xuzhong , Wang Xiying , Chen Yi , Guan Yangtai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have great potential for treating autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and tissue-regenerative abilities; however, their therapeutic role in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains uncertain.
Methods: hUC-MSCs were intravenously administered to a systemic NMOSD model and evaluated disease progression, immune responses, and blood-brain barrier integrity. Additionally, we tested the effects of hUC-MSCs on astrocyte viability and apoptosis using an aquaporin 4 (AQP4) IgG and complement-induced cytotoxicity model in vitro.
Results: hUC-MSCs alleviatedNMOSD progression in vivo with improved motor function, reduced inflammatory infiltration, myelin loss, and preservation of astrocytes and neurons. hUC-MSC treatment did not affect autoimmune reactions in the spleen, however, decreased cytokine release in the spinal cord and mitigated blood-brain barrier disruption. Furthermore, in vitro studies revealed that co-culture with hUC-MSCs significantly restored astrocyte viability and reduced apoptosis in AQP4 IgG and complement-mediated damage.
Conclusion: Our results revealed that hUC-MSCs displayed therapeutic efficacy in NMOSD and showed potential in attenuating blood-brain barrier disruption, as well as AQP4 IgG and complement-induced astrocyte apoptosis.
ONC201 enhances the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin through ATF3/ATF4/CHOP in HNSCC cells
Authors: Chou Ming Huei , Chuang Hui-Ching , Chuang Jiin-Haur , Hong Ya-Ting , Chien Chih-Yen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a prevalent and challenging cancer to treat due to its genetic heterogeneity. Cisplatin resistance is one of important causes in treatment failure of locally advanced HNSCC. This study is aimed to investigate the potential of ONC201 to enhance the cisplatin cytotoxicity in HNSCC cells through the ATF3/ATF4/CHOP pathway. At first, cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cell lines (OC2-CR1) were built up and then, the treatment effectiveness of ONC201 alone and cisplatin in combination on cell viability, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and stress response markers were evaluated. Cisplatin-resistant cells showed increased IC50 values compared to parental OC2 cells. Combined treatment with ONC201 and cisplatin significantly increased mitochondrial ROS and intracellular ROS levels, enhancing DNA damage and apoptosis through ATF3/ATF4/CHOP-mediated pathways. In vivo studies by using xenograft models demonstrated that the combination treatment suppressed tumor growth more effectively than either agent alone. ONC201 significantly potentiates the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in HNSCC by modulating stress response pathways, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for cisplatin-resistant HNSCC.
Urban Air Pollutant Mapping and Tracing Using Mobile In-Situ Measurements Combined with Clustering and Trajectory Analysis
Authors: Mulyana M. Rizky , Aristiawan Yosi , Linggabinangkit Chairil , Samodro Rudi Anggoro , Prasetia Hafiizh , Fauziyyah Nidaa , Iswara Nikolas Jalu Padma , Ega Adindra Vickar , Prihhapso Yonan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Air pollution poses significant risks, particularly in developing countries where rapid urbanization exacerbates pollutant emissions. These pollutants impact local populations and contribute to global air quality challenges through long-range transport. Despite numerous studies, comprehensive data on pollutant profiles in urban areas remain limited by the availability of stationary monitoring systems. This study addresses these gaps by employing a novel approach that combines mobile in-situ air quality measurements with clustering and back trajectory analysis to map and trace pollution sources across diverse urban environments. The use of mobile instruments allows for resource-efficient data collection, enhancing the ability to identify pollution hotspots without requiring extensive infrastructure. The analysis revealed two distinct pollutant clusters: aerosol pollutants dominated in residential areas, while gaseous pollutants were more prevalent near traffic-heavy and construction areas. This methodology not only provides a scalable alternative to traditional air quality monitoring but also offers valuable insights into pollution source attribution, particularly in developing countries where resources for environmental monitoring are limited.
Transformative Change in Extension Services: Balancing Human Well-being, Wealth Protection, and Sustainability
Authors: Sy Francis Ann , III Don Eliseo Lucero Prisno , Ogaya Jerico , Sabusap Angel , Aniga Frederick , Balbon Lilian , Sabandal Glaiza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The academic landscape surrounding revolutionary developments in extension services is examined in this bibliometric analysis, with a particular emphasis on sustainability, wealth protection, and human well-being. Key trends, influential authors, and new research fields are identified by means of an analysis of citation patterns and scholarly publications. The results highlight the critical role that extension services play in solving global concerns and advancing sustainable development, and they indicate a growing desire in implementing revolutionary changes in these services. The fact that authors from different locations are included highlights the fact that extension services research is a global endeavor, and CIRAD stands out as a prominent institution in the field. Extension, development, policy, governance, knowledge, and human-centered approaches are among the key themes that have been highlighted; these indicate how intertwined these aspects are in promoting sustainable development. Emerging trends suggest a need for further research on integrating sustainability, wealth protection, and human well-being within extension services. Technological advancements, policy and governance reforms, knowledge sharing, and human-centered approaches are crucial for effective and sustainable change. While the bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights, future research should address its limitations and explore additional avenues to gain a deeper understanding of transformative changes in extension services.
Improving the MCQ Quality in Basic Medical Sciences through a Novel Interventional Approach
Authors: Sadiqa Ayesha , Ashar Abid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
MCQs are commonly used to assess theoretical knowledge efficiently. High-quality MCQs have high Cronbach's alpha values and strong item analysis scores, linked to effective assessment. We hypothesized that using a standardized self-evaluation checklist by faculty can improve the MCQ-quality index.
Method
A quasi-experimental study was conducted with the faculty of basic medical sciences to assess the impact of self-evaluation, using a checklist as an interventional tool on MCQ quality. A predesigned checklist was familiarized to the faculty members in a discussion session. After the intervention, only self-evaluated MCQs were included. MCQ quality was measured through item analysis before and after intervention. To establish a statistical difference Chi-square test was employed.
Results
MCQ-reliability was insignificantly improved through intervention from low to acceptable levels for all study subjects. Post-intervention, the difficulty index expressed a 0.6% rise (p = 0.026) in ‘Difficult items’ for Anatomy; a 16.43% decline in ‘Easy items’ as well as a 15% rise in ‘Good/Acceptable items’ for physiology (p = 0.005); and for Oral Biology a 1.11% (p = 0.000) raised ‘Difficult items’. Point-Biserial Correlation exposed a 2.11% reduction in ‘Defective items’ for Anatomy (p = 0.000), a 2.5% increase in ‘Excellent items’ for Physiology (p = 0.000), and for Oral Biology, a 9.72% decline in ‘Poor items’ and a 14.72% rise in ‘Excellent items’ (p = 0.000). An escalation of 26.43% (p = 0.000), 12.5% (p = 0.004), and 46.66% (p = 0.000) in distractor efficiency of MCQs with well-functional distractors for Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Oral Biology respectively was evident. Academic results supplemented, with a 17.83% (p = 0.004), 28.65% (p = 0.000), and 23.06% (p = 0.000) rise in ‘Good’ for Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Oral Biology respectively, while a 22.66% (p = 0.000) increase in ‘Satisfactory’ performing students for Physiology.
Conclusion
The use of a checklist as a self-evaluation interventional tool significantly enhanced the quality of MCQ-based assessments, with improved indices of reliability, difficulty, discrimination, distractor efficiency, and student academic performance.
Nanoscale 3D characterization of an Al-1Fe-1Zr alloy for additive manufacturing
Authors: Mani Deepak , Cloetens Peter , Karpov Dmitry , Monaco Federico , Chehab Bechir , Shahani Ravi , Petegem Steven Van , Barriobero-Vila Pere , Bugelnig Katrin , Requena Guillermo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The Al-1Fe-1Zr alloy exploits the non-equilibrium solidification dynamics inherent to laser powder bed fusion, characterized by high thermal gradients and rapid solidification front velocities. Here, we investigate the alloy’s 3D microstructure using state-of-the-art synchrotron-based nano-tomography techniques. High-resolution holographic and near-field ptychographic X-ray computed tomography were employed, achieving spatial resolutions as small as 57 nm. Our comparative analysis shows that near-field ptychographic tomography offers superior signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, while holographic tomography allows for faster data acquisition with minimal loss in quality. These methods reveal the 3D distribution, morphology, and interconnectivity of Fe-rich and Zr-rich intermetallic phases. Complementary X-ray fluorescence computed tomography further provides quantitative local information on elemental concentrations, revealing Fe and Zr distribution with concentration resolutions 1.5 and 3 mg/cm³, respectively. The findings highlight key microstructural features that contribute to the alloy’s enhanced strength and thermal conductivity, offering critical insights for optimizing its performance in LPBF applications.