bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of reinforced concrete structures in marine environment: a case study
Authors: Loreto Giovanni , Di Benedetti Matteo , De Luca Antonio , Nanni Antonio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a series of investigations that were performed on a reinforced concrete bridge structure exposed to marine environment in subtropical weather. Data were obtained by assessing the structural conditions using visual observations, nondestructive evaluations, and laboratory testing in order to define the cause and the level of concrete deterioration due to corrosion. In addition, a probabilistic methodology was used to compute the time of corrosion initiation focusing on reinforced concrete subjected to a similar chloride environment. The initial service life was predicted with a method that employed the use of statistical models of the governing parameters obtained from field data. Results show that this approach could be utilized for assessment of existing and new constructions and/or as a tool for decision-making process during the structural design phase.
Approximate property of a functional equation with a general involution
Authors: Park Won-Gil , Bae Jae-Hyeong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation f(x + y, z + w) + f(x + σ(y),z + τ(w)) = 2f(x, z) + 2f(y, w), where σ, τ are involutions.
Beyond Risk Sharing and Risk Reduction
Authors: Bénassy-Quéré Agnès 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The debate on the reform of the euro area has confronted those who prioritize “risk reduction” with those who insist on “risk sharing”. Such antagonism is misleading since both items are complements rather than substitutes. It is also insufficient as it misses the core questions of macroeconomic convergence and of the modernization of the subsidiarity concept.
Who are “The Taxpayers”?
Authors: Williamson Vanessa S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWho are the taxpayers? In political rhetoric, the taxpayer is often the hardworking counterpoint to the undeserving welfare recipient, or the long-suffering victim of government corruption and ineptitude. And yet, despite its potency as a political symbol, we know little about who is understood by the public to be among the taxpaying class. New survey data reveal that there is a large discrepancy between the population of self-described taxpayers and the population of perceived taxpayers; about 93% of US adults describe themselves as taxpayers, but they imagine that only about 69% of their peers pay taxes. In the control condition, Republicans had lower estimates of the taxpaying population, were more concerned that low-income people do not pay enough in taxes, and low-income Republicans were more likely to doubt their own status as taxpayers. After receiving information about the substantial total tax liability of low-income people, Republicans and Democrats’ views of the taxpaying population converged. However, in the condition that focused on low-income Americans as net beneficiaries of the federal tax system, partisans had opposite responses. Low-income Democrats become less likely to describe themselves as taxpayers while low-income Republicans become more likely to assert their status as taxpayers. The results have implications for how and why the parties talk about tax policy, and suggest that the identity of “the taxpayer” has both an economic and a political resonance worthy of greater scholarly scrutiny.
Tax Designs and Tax Attitudes
Authors: Campbell Andrea Louise 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The watchword of the policy feedbacks approach to political analysis – that politics shapes policy – suggests that the way in which taxes are designed may influence how the public feels about various levies: their support for those taxes, their perceptions of fairness, and their willingness to pay them. Hypotheses about the design features of different taxes Americans pay, including tax regressivity or progressivity, the manner in which they are exacted, their actual and perceived costs, and the visibility and desirability of resulting benefits, are examined with closed- and open-ended survey data. Taxes with more attractive design features are generally more positively perceived by the public. Open-ended responses help explain the fairness perceptions and popularity of several taxes, including a widespread belief that estate taxes constitute “double taxation” and the considerable embrace of the notion that “everyone pays” state sales tax (as opposed to the federal income tax, where some rich and poor people “get away” without paying). These results help explain why some taxes invite more ire than others.
Land deformation associated with exploitation of groundwater in Changzhou City measured by COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1A SAR data
Authors: Chen Deliang , Lu Yanyan , Jia Dongzhen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Urban Agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta is one of the most important economic and industrial regions in China. The City of Changzhou is one of the most important industrial citys in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Activities here include groundwater exploration. Groundwater overexploitation has contributed to the major land deformation in this city. The severity and magnitude of land deformation over time were investigated in Changzhou City. A Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology, provides a useful tool in measuring urban land deformation. In this study, a time series of COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1A SAR images covering Changzhou City were acquired. SBAS-InSAR imaging technique was used to survey the extent and severity of land deformation associated with the exploitation of groundwater in Changzhou City. Leveling data was used to validate the SBAR-InSAR productions, the error of SBAR-InSAR annual subsidence results was within 2 mm. The results showed that three main land subsidence zones were detected at Xinbei, Tianning and Wujin District. Four subsidence points were selected to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of land subsidence. The subsidence rate of P1 to P4 was −2.48 mm/year, −12.78 mm/year, −18.09 mm/year, and −12.69 mm/year respectively. Land subsidence over Changzhou showed a trend of slowing down from 2011 to 2017, especially in Wujin District. SBAR-InSAR derived land deformation that correlates with the water level change in six groundwater stations. Indicated that with groundwater rebound, the land rebound obviously, and the maximum rebound vale reached 9.13 mm.
Feasibility of applying viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) orientation in the study of palaeowind direction by loess magnetic fabric
Authors: Xie Xingjun , Kong Xianghui , Du Yajuan , Chang Qiufang , Tang Ling , Zhou Jie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe loess formation sampling method on the Chinese Loess Plateau generally involves the acquisition of samples from the basset section and the drilling core. Constraints imposed by the precision of the drilling machine operation make it difficult to determine the orientation of the samples due to the rotation of the core.Although researchers have proposed solutions for reconstructing the north direction of the samples by adopting the viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) orientation, it remains uncertain whether this approach can be adopted in studies that use the magnetic fabric to trace the palaeomonsoonal direction, and the degree to which this approach will change the magnetic fabric results.Based on the achievements of other researchers, we adopted the VRM orientation of the basset section samples oriented in the field. By determining how the VRM orientation changes the magnetic fabric of loess over different demagnetization temperature ranges, we can draw the preliminary conclusion that there is no significant difference between the magnetic fabric information of the loess obtained at 100–150°C VRM orientation and that obtained from the field orientation (the statistical bin size is 22.5°, significance levelα= 0.05). This indicates that the VRM orientation approach is feasible for studying non-oriented drilling core samples to determine the prevailing surface paleowind direction with appropriate precision.
Spiritual belief and its link with potentially addictive behaviors in a youth sample in Switzerland
Authors: Chen Fei , Berchtold André , Barrense-Dias Yara , Suris Joan-Carles 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Earlier studies suggested a positive impact of spirituality on addictive disorders, but this effect has rarely been studied in a large adolescent and young adult population.

Aim
To examine the association between spiritual beliefs (general belief, the supporting role of spiritual belief, the critical role of spiritual belief) and potentially addictive behaviors (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and other illegal drugs, excessive Internet use and gambling).

Methods
Data were collected using online self-report questionnaires among a sample of 5179 adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 years in post-mandatory education in Switzerland. Statistical analysis at bivariate and multivariate level was performed.

Results
At the bivariate level, spiritual beliefs were linked to a lower risk of tobacco smoking, alcohol misuse and cannabis use as well as an increased risk of Internet overuse and gambling. However, at the multivariate level, controlling for age, gender, language and place of birth, significant associations were found only for alcohol misuse, Internet overuse and gambling.

Conclusion
The study provides evidence that spiritual belief could protect youth from the risk of alcohol misuse but could also increase the risk of excessive Internet use and gambling. The role of spiritual beliefs in preventing or motivating these problematic behaviors is of great interest for adolescent health care providers and should be considered in the light of the separation-individuation process and transition from adolescence to adulthood.
High adenovirus 36 seroprevalence among a population of Hispanic American youth
Authors: LaVoy Emily C. , Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Rooney Bridgette V. , Gupta Priti , Atkinson Richard , Johnston Craig A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Infection with adenovirus 36 (Ad36) has been associated with risk of obesity in youth in some studies, but the seroprevalence of this virus has not been examined among all populations. As Hispanic-American youth are of greater risk for obesity than other American youth, we sought to determine the proportion of Ad36 seropositive (Ad36+) students in an urban middle school serving a Hispanic population. We further examined if Ad36+ students were more likely to have obesity, and if Ad36 serostatus impacted changes in weight status following a health intervention. We determined body mass index (BMI) at the beginning and end of a 16-week health intervention among 40 Hispanic-American middle-school students. Ad36 serostatus was determined by enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA). Seventy percent of the students were Ad36+. Ad36+ and Ad36 seronegative (Ad36−) did not differ before or after the intervention in body weight measures. The odds of being classified as obese was 1.4 times greater among Ad36+ than Ad36− at baseline, and 2.4 times greater post-intervention, but these were not statistically significant. We report a high seroprevalence of Ad36 among a population of Hispanic-American students. Ad36 seropositivity was associated with a trend for a greater likelihood of having obesity, but did not impact response to a health intervention.
Flourishing and academic engagement among adolescents with overweight and obesity
Authors: Rupp Kristie , McCoy Stephanie M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Overweight and obesity in adolescence are associated with several negative health indicators; the association with flourishing, an indicator of overall well-being, is less clear.

Objectives
To examine associations between weight status and indicators of flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents.

Subjects
Analyses included 22,078 adolescents (10–17 years) from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health.

Methods
Adolescents were grouped according to body mass index (BMI) classification; outcomes included indicators of flourishing and academic engagement. Logistic regression models assessed the odds of each outcome comparing adolescents with overweight and adolescents with obesity to healthy weight adolescents.

Results
For flourishing, adolescents with overweight and adolescents with obesity were less likely to stay calm during a challenge (17% and 30%, respectively; p < 0.01); adolescents with obesity were 30% less likely to finish a task they started (p < 0.001), and 34% less likely to show interest in new things (p < 0.001) in comparison to healthy weight peers. Adolescents with obesity were 26% less likely to care about doing well in school (p < 0.001), and adolescents with overweight and adolescents with obesity were significantly less likely to complete all required homework (19% and 34%, respectively) (p < 0.001), in comparison to healthy weight peers.

Conclusions
A comprehensive approach to addressing overweight and obesity in adolescence should target improving academic engagement and flourishing to promote overall well-being.
Perfil antropométrico e imagen corporal de escolares rugbistas de sexo femenino de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile.
Authors: Lagos-Hernández Roberto Iván , Bruneau-Chávez José Gastón , Adriazola-Ojeda Claudio Pablo , Bustos-San Martín Milton Blass , Leiva-Peña Claudio Andrés , Macías-Urra Ignacio Arturo 
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: Determinar perfil antropométrico y su relación con el IMC e imagen corporal (IC) del total de escolares de sexo femenino de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile, que practican regular y competitivamente Rugby Seven. Participantes: Se evaluó a 25 niñas que reunían los criterios de inclusión cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 10 y 19 años (Media=16.39±2.81). Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una evaluación Antropométrica bajo los protocolos de la Internacional Society for the Avancement in Kineanthropometric (ISAK, 2017) y se hizo una apreciación de la percepción de la IC a través de la observación de una serie de imágenes corporales siguiendo el protocolo de Montero, Morales, & Carbajal (2004). Resultados: Se logró establecer que las escolares evaluadas, presentan una composición corporal (CC) alta en tejido adiposo con un 33.9% y un porcentaje muscular de 39%. En relación a la clasificación antropomética, se puede señalar que manifiestan características endo-mesomorficas, además se pudo constatar que las escolares presentaron una percepción de la IC según IMC percibido, diferente de los niveles reales de IMC presentados, no apreciándose relacion estadísticamente significativa entre la CC, el somatotipo y la imagen percibida.
ELEMENTOS DO CENÁRIO SÓCIO-POLITICO E A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DAS LICENCIATURAS INTERDISCIPLINARES
Authors: Luz Aline Souza da , C. S. Medeiros Gonçalves Pinto Maria das Graças 
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórica sobre os cursos de formação de inicial de professores em nível superior que tem despontado no cenário nacional, as Licenciaturas Interdisciplinares. O objetivo é apontar algumas condições que produziram a formulação e a implementação das Licenciaturas Interdisciplinares no cenário nacional, explicando esses processos. Não é intenção discutir o conceito de interdisciplinaridade ou mesmo a concepção de formação apresentada por esse curso. No presente trabalho interessa saber: Por que foram propostas as Licenciaturas Interdisciplinares? Para que surgem? Quais os fundamentos que sustentam sua implementação? Conclui-se neste estudo que a implementação das Licenciaturas Interdisciplinares pauta-se por determinantes econômicos e político-sociais.
Taking the hydro out of hydrofracturing: Application of ultra-light weight proppants to cryogenic liquid nitrogen as a fracturing fluid
Authors: Ahmed Amna , Zhu Teresa , Majeed Amna 
Published: November 2018

In the last decade, hydraulic fracturing has rapidly gained popularity worldwide, emerging as the leading method of natural gas extraction in the United States. However, the practice remains controversial due to its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and the contamination of freshwater used in fracturing fluids. Although waterless fracturing fluids have been developed, including those using N2, CO2, oil, and alcohol, their application has been limited largely due to reduced fracturing power. Recent research has demonstrated that cryogenic nitrogen may prove a viable alternative, if this issue is properly addressed. Addition of durable, lightweight proppants is one way to increase fracturing power. This study aims to investigate the effect of proppant addition on the fracturing capabilities of cryogenic nitrogen. Three ultra-lightweight proppants will be combined with liquid nitrogen and fracturing power will be measured using triaxial stress tests. This novel approach has not yet been explored and will open more avenues of research into sustainable and efficient fracturing using cryogenic nitrogen.
Using Online Short Stories to Improve the Reading Comprehension Ability
Authors: Syafii Muhammad Lukman 
Published: November 2018

Abstract Reading materials can be obtained from many sources, like storybooks, magazines, and the Internet. Online Short Stories is one of the Internet resources with images and sound and quizzes. This study was aimed at benefiting these readily used materials to improve the eighth graders’ reading comprehension of narrative texts. The Online Short Stories are combined with five worksheets that consist of guiding questions on comprehension, namely: Self Monitoring Card, Key Concept, Story Map, Reading Journal, and Reading Log which are used for intensive and extensive reading activity. This study implemented classroom action research design and had taken 34 eighth graders of MTs Al-Islam Joresan Mlarak Ponorogo as the subjects 2017/2018 academic year. Based on the results of the students’ tests as well as their on-going assessments, it is found out that the students’ reading comprehension was gradually improving. It means that there was a positive effect of using Online Short Stories towards the students’ reading ability. The result shows that the combination of materials and worksheets that were implemented in both cooperative and individual learning had facilitated the students in improving their reading comprehension ability, as well as their social skills. Therefore, it is very important to implement this strategy to order to improve the students’ reading comprehension. Keywords: Online Short Stories, Improvement, Reading Comprehension Ability
The Practice of Caring Leadership: A Resource Addressing the Duality of Health Care
Authors: Bolstad Britni 
Published: November 2018

Purpose The purpose of this project was to implement a 4-week educational practicum focused on the practice of caring leadership in a senior living home care setting and to determine how this approach impacted the therapeutic interactions and leadership competencies of home care team members. Background Caring practice models have been implemented in various healthcare settings. However, little is known about what kinds of interventions can develop leadership effectively or how to evaluate the impact of leadership on healthcare providers’ use of caring behaviors in professional practice. Design Descriptive, mixed method. Methods The Caring Assessment for Caregivers (CACG) instrument and the Leadership Practices Inventory-Self (LPI-S) instrument measured change in self-reported therapeutic interactions and leadership skills, respectively, before and after facilitating multi-site practicum sessions for caring leadership practice enculturation. Findings Among practicum participants, the mean change for the LPI-S and CACG subscales represented statistically significant improvement. The themes and subthemes identified suggest that leadership and relational expertise can be described within the context of professional, relationship-based practice. Conclusion The caring leader practicum intervention, a low-cost, workplace approach, was successful in improving the outcome variables in a 4-week period.
Becoming a Voluntary Doula: Personal and Caring Motives
Authors: Bondas Terese , Wikberg Anita 
Published: November 2018

Background:Voluntary doula care, as a complement to midwifery care, is emerging as support for women and their families throughout the childbearing period. Doula care is not an official part of the public health care system in Nordic countries.Aim:The aim was to describe and interpret women’s experiences of becoming voluntary unpaid doulas and to generate a model as part of a research program.Method:Latent qualitative content analysis was chosen using interviews with nine voluntary doulas in an NGO group in Finland.Findings:Becoming a voluntary doula seems to be related to two motives, personal and caring. Interest in and fascination with childbearing, doula care as rewarding and joyous but challenging work, and networking and affinity in the doula group are personal motives. The caring motives were seeing doula care as important for the childbearing woman and her partner, being humble about childbearing knowledge, understanding vulnerability and uniqueness in childbearing based on their own experiences, and seeing doula care as a complement to midwifery care.Conclusion:A model has been created suggesting that the balance between the two motives might be crucial for doula care. Ethical reflections on the motives for becoming and being a doula need to be supported in a caring culture where the primary focus is the best care for the woman and her partner in childbearing.