bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle mass measures and incident osteoporosis in a large cohort of postmenopausal women
Authors: Papageorgiou Maria , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Schutte Rudolph 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite several muscle mass measures being used in the current definitions of sarcopenia, their usefulness is uncertain because of limited data on their association with health outcomes. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of different muscle mass measures for predicting incident osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.MethodsThis study included data from 149 166 participants (aged 60.3 ± 5.5 years) as part of the UK Biobank cohort. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance. The muscle mass measures included were total body skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and appendicular SMM (aSMM) divided by height squared (ht2), derived residuals, SMM, SMM adjusted for body mass (SMM/bm × 100), and aSMM normalized for body mass index (aSMM/BMI). Diagnoses of the events were confirmed by primary care physicians and coded according to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD‐10: M80‐M82).ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 6.75 (5th to 95th percentile interval, 1.53 to 8.37) years, 394 newly diagnosed cases of osteoporosis occurred, with 40 (10.2%) cases being associated with a pathological fracture. SMM/ht2, aSMM/ht2 residual, and SMM were lower in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared with women without (all P < 0.0001), while SMM/bm × 100 (P = 0.003), but not aSMM/BMI (P = 0.59), was higher in the osteoporosis group. The unadjusted rates of osteoporosis increased with decreasing quintiles for SMM/ht2, aSMM/ht2, residuals, and SMM (all P trend <0.0001), while the incidence of osteoporosis increased with increasing SMM/bm × 100 (P trend =0.001), but not for aSMM/BMI (P = 0.45). After minimally adjusting for age and after full adjustment, SMM/ht2, aSMM/ht2, and SMM were the only measure that consistently predicted osteoporosis in the total group of postmenopausal women [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65–0.67, all P ≤ 0.0001], in lean women (HR 0.62–0.68; all P ≤ 0.001), and women with increased adiposity (HR 0.64–0.68; all P ≤ 0.01). In fully adjusted models, the changes in the R2 statistic were 13.4%, 11.6%, and 15.3% for the SMM/ht2 (aSMM/ht2), residual, and SMM, but only 4.9% and 1.3% for SMM/bm × 100 and aSMM/BMI.ConclusionsMuscle mass measures adjusted for height only (SMM/ht2, aSMM/ht2) appear to be better muscle‐relevant risk factors for incident osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, including when stratified into lean participants and participants with increased adiposity.
Ultrastructural variation and adaptive evolution of the ovipositor in the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae
Authors: Craddock Elysse M. , Kambysellis Michael P. , Franchi Lisa , Francisco Peter , Grey Marques , Hutchinson Angela , Nanhoo Shawn , Antar Shyar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEcological diversification of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae has been accompanied by striking divergence in egg morphology, and ovarian structure and function. To determine how these flies successfully oviposit in a variety of breeding substrates, we used Scanning Electron Microscopy to examine the ultrastructure of the ovipositor of a sample of 65Drosophilaspecies and fiveScaptomyzaspecies of this hyperdiverse monophyletic group. TheDrosophilaspecies analyzed included representatives of the fungus‐breedinghaleakalaegroup, the leaf‐breedingantopocerusand modified tarsus groups, the modified mouthparts species group, thenudidrosophila, and the picture wing clade; the latter sample of 41 species from four species groups included stem‐ and bark‐breeders, as well as tree sap flux‐breeders. Ovipositor length was found to vary more than 12‐fold among Hawaiian drosophilids, with the longest ovipositors observed in the bark‐breeding species and the shortest among theScaptomyzaand fungus‐breeders. More noteworthy is the striking variation in overall shape and proportions of the ovipositor, in the shape of the apical region, and in the pattern of sensory structures or ovisensilla. Ultrastructural observations of the pair of long subapical sensilla on the ventral side identify these, for the first time, as taste bristles. Ovipositor form correlates strongly with the oviposition substrate used by the species, being of a distinctive shape and size in each case. We infer that the observed morphological divergence in the ovipositor is adaptive and the product of natural selection for successful reproduction in alternate microhabitats. The array of ovipositor forms that have evolved among the HawaiianDrosophilaspecies represent a series of ecomorphs that along with other divergent traits of the female reproductive system, have contributed to the successful adaptive radiation of this remarkable fauna.
Memento Mori: The development and validation of the Death Reflection Scale
Authors: Yuan Zhenyu , Baranik Lisa E. , Sinclair Robert R. , Sliter Michael T. , Rand Kevin L. , Salyers Michelle P. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryDespite its potential for advancing organizational behavior (OB) research, the topic of death awareness has been vastly understudied. Moreover, research on death awareness has predominantly focused on the anxiety‐provoking aspect of death‐related cognitions, thus overlooking the positive aspect of death awareness, death reflection. This gap is exacerbated by the lack of a valid research instrument to measure death reflection. To address this issue, we offer a systematic conceptualization of death reflection, develop the Death Reflection Scale, and assess its psychometric properties across four studies. Further, using a sample of 268 firefighters, we examine whether death reflection buffers the detrimental impact of mortality cues at work on employee well‐being and safety performance. Results provide strong support for the psychometric properties of the Death Reflection Scale. Further, moderation analysis indicates death reflection weakens the negative effect of mortality cues on firefighters' safety performance. Overall, these findings suggest the newly developed Death Reflection Scale will prove useful in future research on death‐related cognitions.
The interaction between BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability (MSI) status in determining survival outcomes after adjuvant 5FU based chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer
Authors: Chouhan Hanumant , Sammour Tarik , Thomas Michelle L , Moore James W 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe predictive role of biomarkers in colon cancer is still being defined. The aim of this study is to determine the interaction between BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability (MSI) status in determining survival benefit after adjuvant 5‐FU based chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study including all curatively resected stage III colon cancer cases over a 33‐year period. A clinicopathological database was collated (adjuvant chemotherapy, age, gender, obstruction, perforation, tumor location, grade, mucin, nodal stage, extramural vascular, and perineural invasion). BRAF (V600E) mutation testing was performed and MSI status established by immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins and molecular testing for National Cancer Institute panel markers. Patients were categorized into four groups for comparison: MSS and BRAF−ve (termed “
traditional”), MSI and BRAF−ve (termed “
presumed Lynch”), MSI and BRAF+ve (termed “
sporadic MSI”), and MSS and BRAF+ve (termed “
other BRAF”). The primary endpoint was cancer specific survival. Interaction testing was conducted to determine whether there were different responses to chemotherapy between groups.ResultsA total of 686 unselected cases met inclusion criteria and had tissue available, of which 15.7% had BRAF mutation (BRAF+ve) and 13.8% had MSI. Thirty‐nine percent received chemotherapy. Overall, adjuvant chemotherapy produced a cancer specific survival benefit (HR 0.66, 95% CI, 0.49‐0.88,
P < 0.01). On adjusted analysis, neither
BRAF nor MSI status were individually predictive of survival benefit. On adjusted analysis specifically of the chemotherapy effect in each subgroup, only patients in the
presumed Lynch (HR 0.260, 95% CI, 0.09‐0.80,
P < 0.01) and
other BRAF groups (HR 0.45, 95% CI, 0.23‐0.87,
P < 0.01) had a significant survival benefit from chemotherapy. On interaction testing of subgroups, adjusting for all the clinicopathological parameters, only patients in the
presumed Lynch group (HR 0.277, 95% CI, 0.10‐0.75,
P < 0.01) gained a differentially greater benefit from chemotherapy than other groups.ConclusionsIn this historical cohort, MSI testing is predictive of response to adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer, but only when results are interpreted in combination with BRAF. This supports the role of routine testing for these biomarkers.
Pre‐operative predictors of early recurrence/mortality including the role of inflammatory indices in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chua Darren W , KOH Ye Xin , LIEW Yi Xin , Chan Chung‐Yip , Lee Ser‐Yee , Cheow Peng‐Chung , Chow Pierce K , Chung Alexander Y , Ooi London L , Goh Brian KP 
Published: November 2018

Background and ObjectivesSpontaneous rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (srHCC) is a life‐threatening emergency. We sought to identify the pre‐operative predictors of early tumor recurrence/mortality including the role of inflammatory indices after partial hepatectomy for srHCC.MethodsBetween 2000‐2015, 79 patients with srHCC were identified to have undergone upfront partial hepatectomy following srHCC. Clinicopathologic data were retrospectively analyzed to identify pre‐operative predictors of early (<1 year) recurrence and mortality.ResultsSeventy‐nine patients were identified to have undergone partial hepatectomy for srHCC. The 1‐year mortality and 1‐year recurrence rate in our series was 30.3% and 41.8% respectively. On multivariate analyses, free tumor rupture and a tumor size > 10 cm were identified to be independent predictors of early recurrence while an alpha fetoprotein (AFP) > 200 ng/mL was an independent predictor of early mortality. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio > 3 and prognostic nutritional index < 40 were predictors of early recurrence while PLR > 180 was a predictor of early mortality on univariate analyses but not multivariate analyses.ConclusionsTumor size > 10 cm, free tumor rupture, and an AFP > 200 ng/mL were useful predictors in avoiding “futile surgery” in patients with srHCC undergoing a partial hepatectomy. Preoperative inflammatory markers appear to be less useful as predictors of early recurrence/mortality in this cohort of patients.
The everlasting issue of prolonged air leaks after lobectomy for non‐small cell lung cancer: A data‐driven prevention planning model in the era of minimally invasive approaches
Authors: Viti Andrea , Socci Laura , Congregado Miguel , Ismail Mahmoud , Nachira Dania , Muñoz Carlos Galvez , Bolufer Sergio , Rückert Jens C. , Margaritora Stefano , Terzi Alberto 
Published: November 2018

Background and ObjectivesProlonged air leaks (PAL) are the most frequent complication after lobectomy for non–small cell lung cancer, even in case of minimally invasive approaches. We developed a novel score to identify high‐risk patients for PAL during minimally invasive lobectomy.MethodsA dedicated database was created. We investigated preoperative candidate features and specific intraoperative variables. Univariate and subsequent logistic regression analysis with bootstrap resampling have been used. Model performance has been assessed by reckoning the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and the Hosmer‐Lemeshow goodness of fit.ResultsPAL (>5 days) occurred in 72 (15.69%) patients. Five variables emerged from the model. Each one was assigned a score to provide a cumulative scoring system: forced expiratory volume in 1 second below 86% (P = 0.004, 1.5 points), body mass index <24 (
P = 0.002, 1 point), active smoking (
P = 0.001, 1.5 points), incomplete fissures (
P = 0.004, 1.5 points), and adhesions (
P = 0.0001, 1 point). The new score provided a stratification into four risk classes.ConclusionsThe risk score incorporates either general or more specific variables, providing a risk stratification that could be readily applied intra‐ and postoperatively. Henceforth, specific technical and management measures could be properly allocated to curb PAL.
Design of a wideband antenna by manipulating characteristic modes of a metallic loop
Authors: Wen Dingliang , Hao Yang , Wang Hanyang , Zhou Hai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA wideband antenna is designed by manipulating characteristic modes (CMs) of a metallic loop structure. It is shown that the resonant behavior of the CMs can be modified by inductive loading on the specific positions of the loop antenna. Therefore, it is possible to manipulate certain modes to ensure their resonant frequencies are close to each other. Then, a proper feeding scheme can be designed such that these modes are excited simultaneously and a multi‐mode wideband antenna can be obtained. It is found that by using the theory of characteristic modes (TCMs), the antenna design procedure becomes more intuitive. To validate the proposed approach, the wideband antenna was fabricated and tested. Simulation and measurement results indicate that it can achieve a wide impedance bandwidth of 51.6% with |S11| < −10 dB.
Electro‐optic conversion circuit incorporating a fiber optic loop for light fidelity up‐down link use
Authors: Chaiwong Khomyuth , Bahadoran Mahdi , Amiri Iraj Sadegh , Youplao Phichai , Pornsuwancharoen Nithiroth , Yupapin Preecha 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe propose the use of the electro‐optic circuit to integrate with the short distance fiber optic loop network, which can be used to form the light fidelity (LiFi) network platform within the building. The electro‐optic conversion circuit is formed by a plasmonic circuit. It is a passive device consisting of an embedded plasmonic island within the microring conjugate mirror (MCM), in which the applied input‐output information can be connected to the fiber optic loop. In this design, all sources of the information can be coupled to the plasmonic transducer and connected to the network. The transducer mobility and two different wavelengths of the input sources are demonstrated and all port signals plotted. The free spectral range and the full‐width at half maximum at the center wavelength of 1.30 μm are ~370.0 and ~0.62 nm, respectively. This is equal to the bandwidth of ~77 PetaHz, from which the output intensity power is ranged between 5 and 15 mW (μm)−2. The linear relationship between the driven mobility and the input power of ~0.75 (cm)2. (Vs)−1 W−1 is achieved at the drop port, with the gold layer length is 600 nm.
Dose reduction of biologic therapy in inflammatory arthritis: A qualitative study of patients' perceptions and needs
Authors: Hewlett Sarah , Haig‐Ferguson Andrew , Rose‐Parfitt Emily , Halls Serena , Freke Samuel , Creamer Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveSuccessful biologic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug (bDMARD) dose reduction appears increasingly possible from clinical trials. The present study aimed to understand the patient perspective of bDMARD dose reduction.MethodsPatients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis who were self‐administering subcutaneous bDMARDs therapy at two National Health Service trusts participated in semi‐structured interviews. To capture multiple experiences, patients were purposefully sampled for a range of age, gender, disease duration, reducing/not reducing bDMARDs and either within 3–12 months of bDMARD initiation or ≥12 months and in remission/low disease activity. Inductive thematic analysis was utilized.ResultsFifteen patients were interviewed (six on dose reduction). Five overarching themes were identified. When thinking about dose reduction, patients reflected on their difficult life before bDMARDs (“Where I was then”) compared with their transformative effects (“Where I am now”). All raised concerns that a dose reduction would take them back to where they used to be (“Fears for the future”) and most believed it to be a cost‐cutting exercise. Most had “Hopes for the future”, that a reduction would lower their risk of side effects, and release funds for other patients. They wanted a clear rationale for reduction, collaborative decision making, and control over flexible dosing (“Information needs”).ConclusionPatients were fearful of reducing the dose of their bDMARDs, having previously experienced uncontrollable symptoms. However, most were willing to try, provided that there was a clear rationale and that it was in their best interests, with opportunities for collaboration and dose control. These patient perspectives will inform the provision of patient information to guide clinical discussions.
One machine, one minute, three billion tetrahedra
Authors: Marot Célestin , Pellerin Jeanne , Remacle Jean‐François 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a new scalable parallelization scheme to generate the 3D Delaunay triangulation of a given set of points. Our first contribution is an efficient serial implementation of the incremental Delaunay insertion algorithm. A simple dedicated data structure, an efficient sorting of the points, and the optimization of the insertion algorithm have permitted to accelerate reference implementations by a factor three. Our second contribution is a multithreaded version of the Delaunay kernel that is able to concurrently insert vertices. Moore curve coordinates are used to partition the point set, avoiding heavy synchronization overheads. Conflicts are managed by modifying the partitions with a simple rescaling of the space‐filling curve. The performances of our implementation have been measured on three different processors: an Intel core‐i7, an Intel Xeon Phi, and an AMD EPYC, on which we have been able to compute three billion tetrahedra in 53 seconds. This corresponds to a generation rate of over 55 million tetrahedra per second. We finally show how this very efficient parallel Delaunay triangulation can be integrated in a Delaunay refinement mesh generator, which takes as input the triangulated surface boundary of the volume to mesh.
The relationships between coping, occupational stress, and emotional intelligence in newly hired oncology nurses
Authors: Mazzella Ebstein Ann M. , Sanzero Eller Lucille , Tan Kay See , Cherniss Cary , Ruggiero Jeanne S. , Cimiotti Jeannie P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesAssociations between the varying levels of emotional intelligence in newly hired oncology nurses and their responses to stress and coping were examined. The secondary aim was to analyze whether emotional intelligence could moderate their choice of problem‐focused or emotion‐focused coping strategies.MethodsNewly hired nurses (n = 114) were recruited from a national cancer institute. Data were collected through surveys using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the Nursing Stress Scale, and the Emotional Quotient Inventory between the eighth and twelfth weeks post‐hire date. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were conducted on all variables. Regression models determined whether emotional intelligence moderated the choice of coping strategies.ResultsEmotional intelligence had a mean value of M = 105.24, SD = 13.02, and occupational stress scores were M = 65.57, SD = 15.68. Significant negative correlations were found for occupational stress and problem‐focused coping (r = −.189, P = .022), emotional intelligence and emotion‐focused coping (r = −.340, P = .000), and emotional intelligence and occupational stress (r = −.428, P < 0.001). Positive correlations were noted between occupational stress and emotion‐focused coping (r = .189, P = .022) and emotional intelligence and problem‐focused coping (r = .340, P = .000). Emotional intelligence did not predict the choice of coping strategies.ConclusionsAlthough emotional intelligence did not moderate coping strategies in newly hired nurses, using problem focused coping to address occupational stress during the initial employment period may be a protective factor for coping with stress in the oncology workplace.
Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on the disposition of cefazolin in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery
Authors: Asada Mizuho , Nagata Masashi , Mizuno Tomohiro , Uchida Tokujiro , Kurashima Naoki , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Makita Koshi , Arai Hirokuni , Echizen Hirotoshi , Yasuhara Masato 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the disposition of plasma unbound cefazolin in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Adult patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery with CPB were enrolled in the study. Cefazolin sodium was given intravenously before skin incision (1 g) and at the beginning of CPB (2 g). Thereafter, an additional dose (1 g) was given every 4 hours. Seven to ten blood samples were collected before and during surgery. Plasma total and unbound (ultrafiltrated) cefazolin concentrations were analyzed using an HPLC‐UV method. Plasma protein binding was analyzed with the Langmuir model. Twenty‐seven patients (aged 70 ± 12 years, body weight 62 ± 12 kg, mean ± SD) with GFR >30 mL min−1 completed the study. There was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in median plasma unbound fraction of cefazolin from 21% before skin incision to 45% during CPB (P < 0.001), which was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in median plasma albumin concentration from 36 to 27 g L−1. Plasma concentrations of unbound cefazolin exceeded the assumed target thresholds of 2 μg mL−1 in all samples and of 8 μg mL−1 in all but one of 199 samples. The increased plasma unbound fraction of cefazolin would be attributable to dilutional reduction of serum albumin at the beginning of CPB and to saturable plasma protein binding of cefazolin. These data reveal CPB may alter the plasma protein binding and possibly distribution of cefazolin. Further studies are warranted to reappraise the protocol of antimicrobial prophylaxis with cefazolin in patients undergoing surgery with CPB.
The circular economy's closed loop and product service systems for sustainable development: A review and appraisal
Authors: Camilleri Mark Anthony 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis review paper examines relevant regulatory guidelines, policies, and recommendations on sustainable development, where it traces the origins of circular economy (CE). Afterwards, it sheds light on key theoretical underpinnings on CE's closed loop and product service systems. The findings suggest that the CE's regenerative systems minimise the environmental impact as practitioners reduce their externalities, including waste, emissions, and energy leakages through the use and reuse of resources. Therefore, this contribution offers a critique on CE's inherent limitations and discusses about the implications of having regulatory interventions that are intended to encourage responsible consumption and production behaviours. This contribution implies that CE is creating value to business and the environment. The closed loop and product service systems can unleash a new wave of operational efficiencies through increased throughput in production processes, as practitioners repair, reuse, remanufacture, refurbish, and recycle resources, whilst safeguarding the natural environment.