bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes and patterns of care in the treatment of carcinosarcoma of the breast
Authors: Kennedy William R. , Gabani Prashant , Acharya Sahaja , Thomas Maria A. , Zoberi Imran 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeCarcinosarcoma of the breast is a rare yet highly aggressive tumor accounting for <1% of all breast cancers, for which guidance on optimal management and prognosis are sparse. The purpose of this study was to investigate population‐based treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) outcomes in patients with this diagnosis.Materials and MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database for patients diagnosed with carcinosarcoma of the breast. All patients included were treated with surgery in the form of mastectomy or lumpectomy, with or without chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Patients with metastatic disease were excluded. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to estimate OS. Univariate and multivariable Cox analyses were used to determine predictive factors of OS.ResultsA total of 329 patients from 2004 to 2012 were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 58 years (range, 24‐90). Patients had T1 (21%), T2 (44%), T3 (25%), or T4 disease (10%). Most patients were node‐negative at diagnosis (77%). Breast conservation surgery was utilized in 33% of patients. Chemotherapy was used in 66% of patients. Less than half (44%) of patients received radiation therapy to a median dose of 50.4 Gy (range 35‐56 Gy), with a median 10 Gy boost used in 76%. With a median follow‐up of 40.0 months, 3‐ and 5‐year OS for all patients was 74% and 60%, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier estimates revealed the 3‐yr OS was 80% in patients receiving chemotherapy vs 59% without chemotherapy (P < 0.001). The 3‐yr OS was 82% in patients receiving RT vs 66% without RT (P = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, OS was significantly influenced by Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity index, insurance status, clinical T stage, surgical margin status, and treatment group, with trimodality therapy (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27‐0.78; P = 0.004) and surgery plus CT (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33‐0.90; P = 0.02) being associated with the greatest OS. Logistic regression revealed only younger patients were more likely to receive trimodality therapy.ConclusionsCarcinosarcoma of the breast is associated with relatively poor rates of OS. The addition of CT and RT to surgery improves OS. Trimodality therapy and surgery plus CT were associated with the greatest OS compared to surgery alone.
Detection of the clarithromycin resistance of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa by the amplification refractory mutation system combined with quantitative real‐time PCR
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Shen Wei‐Xiang , Chen Chun‐Feng , Sheng Hai‐Hui , Cheng Hong , Li Jiang , Hu Fulian , Lu Da‐Ru , Gao Heng‐Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of detecting Helicobacter pylori clarithromycin resistance in gastric mucosa using the amplification refractory mutation system combined with quantitative real‐time PCR (ARMS‐PCR). Gastric mucosal specimens (150) were collected from patients who were unsuccessfully treated for H. pylori eradication. Each specimen was divided into 2 samples. One sample was used to extract genomic DNA and detect any gene mutations of H. pylori produced by ARMS‐ PCR. Sequencing was used to assess the accuracy of this method. The other sample was used to culture H. pylori. The E‐test minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to assess clarithromycin resistance. The results were compared with a paired chi‐square test to validate the coincidence rate among the 3 methods. The coincidence rate between the sequencing and ARMS‐PCR results was 98.7%, thus verifying the accuracy of ARMS‐PCR. E‐tests detected 144 clarithromycin resistance cases, including 45 sensitivity cases; the resistance rate was 70%. The coincidence rate between the results of the E‐test and ARMS‐PCR was 97.1%, and no significant difference between the 2 methods was observed. ARMS‐PCR is a simple and fast method that has high sensitivity and specificity and can be used to detect the clarithromycin resistance of H. pylori in gastric mucosa. ARMS‐PCR is expected to be used to study drug resistance mechanisms and use in assays of individual therapies for H. pylori eradication.
Biocatalysis Fueled by Light: On the Versatile Combination of Photocatalysis and Enzymes
Authors: Seel Catharina J. , Gulder Tanja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEnzymes catalyze a plethora of highly specific transformations under mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions. Their fascinating performances attest to high synthetic potential that is often hampered by operational obstacles such as in vitro cofactor supply and regeneration. Exploiting light and combining it with biocatalysis not only helps in overcoming these drawbacks, but the fruitful liaison of these two fields of “green chemistry” also offers opportunities to unlock new synthetic reactivities. In this review we provide an overview of the wide variety of photo‐biocatalysis, ranging from the photochemical delivery of electrons required in redox biocatalysis and photochemical cofactor and reagent (re)generation to direct photoactivation of enzymes enabling reactions unknown in nature. We highlight synthetically relevant transformations such as asymmetric reactions facilitated by the combination of light as energy source and enzymes’ catalytic power.
Oral lipoma: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Dehghani Nima , Razmara Farnoosh , Padeganeh Tahereh , Mahmoudi Xaniar 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageLipoma is a benign neoplasm that primarily affects the middle‐aged individuals and has a rare oral cavity occurrence. Given its noninvasive behavior and low recurrence rate, surgical conservative management should be regarded as the best therapeutic option. This paper highlights two patients along with their improved conditions following the treatment.
An On‐Demand, Selective Hydrogenation Catalysis over Pt−Fe Nanocatalysts under Ambient Condition
Authors: Yang Chengyong , Bai Shuxing , Feng Yonggang , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe selective hydrogenation of organic compounds with multiple unsaturated bonds is of significant for fine chemicals, while simultaneously achieving high selectivities of different potential products is still great challenge. Herein, we have successfully designed a nanocatalysis system, which can serve as a control switch of selective α, β‐unsaturated aldehydes hydrogenation towards potential products in a highly on‐demand fashion. We demonstrate that the PtFe nanospheres (NSs) represent excellent selectivity (>92.8 %) to unsaturated alcohols with high conversion (>99.7 %), due to the higher electron density of the active Pt atoms. When introducing AlCl3, the selectivity of saturated aldehydes enhances to 97.1 % at 95.8 % conversion, owing to synergy between PtFe NSs and AlCl3. Finally, the PtFe−A NSs generated by etching away the Fe can promote the selectivity saturated alcohols (>99.7 %) with the highest activity, on account of more exposed active sites after the chemical etching. Significantly, the developed nanocatalysis system can also exhibit high activity/selectivity for other typical α, β‐unsaturated aldehydes as well as excellent stability after consecutive reactions. This work provides a guideline for the rational design highly active and selective Pt‐based nanocatalyst.
Building a Cocrystal by Using Supramolecular Synthons for Pressure‐Accelerated Heteromolecular Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Meng Xiao , Chen Changqing , Deng Xinyuan , Wang Zhangyuan , Chen Qi , Ma Yuguo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFacilitated by the supramolecular synthons of carboxylic acids and amides through cooperative hydrogen‐bonding and arene–perfluoroarene interactions, the azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction between two different molecules in a cocrystal was achieved. This reaction could be accelerated by pressure using a common hydraulic press equipment with excellent regioselectivity to yield 1,4‐triazole products. The absence of decarboxylation side reactions in the products in the solid state demonstrated that this strategy can provide a green synthetic route for products not directly accessible by traditional syntheses in solution.
Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)‐Derived Carbon‐Mediated Interfacial Reaction for the Synthesis of CeO2−MnO2 Catalysts
Authors: Song Lianghao , Xu Tiantian , Gao Daowei , Hu Xun , Li Cuncheng , Li Shun , Chen Guozhu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCeO2‐based catalysts are widely studied in catalysis fields. Developing one novel synthetic approach to increase the intimate contact between CeO2 and secondary species is of particular importance for enhancing catalytic activities. Herein, an interfacial reaction between metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived carbon and KMnO4 to synthesize CeO2−MnO2, in which carbon is derived from the pyrolysis of Ce‐MOFs under an inert atmosphere, is described. The MOF‐derived carbon is found to restrain the growth of CeO2 crystallites under a high calcination temperature and, more importantly, intimate contact within CeO2/C is conveyed to CeO2/MnO2 after the interfacial reaction; this is responsible for the high catalytic activity of CeO2−MnO2 towards CO oxidation.
Enzymatic One‐Step Reduction of Carboxylates to Aldehydes with Cell‐Free Regeneration of ATP and NADPH
Authors: Strohmeier Gernot A. , Eiteljörg Inge C. , Schwarz Anna , Winkler Margit 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe direct generation of aldehydes from carboxylic acids is often a challenging synthetic task but undoubtedly attractive in view of abundant supply of such feedstocks from nature. Though long known, biocatalytic carboxylate reductions are at an early stage of development, presumably because of their co‐factor requirement. To establish an alternative to whole‐cell‐based carboxylate reductions which are limited by side reactions, we developed an in vitro multi‐enzyme system that allows for quantitative reductions of various carboxylic acids with full recycling of all cofactors and prevention of undesired over‐reductions. Regeneration of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate is achieved through the simultaneous action of polyphosphate kinases from Meiothermus ruber and Sinorhizobium meliloti and β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′‐phosphate is reduced by a glucose dehydrogenase. Under these conditions and in the presence of the carboxylate reductases from Neurospora crassa or Nocardia iowensis, various aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic carboxylic acids were quantitatively reduced to the respective aldehydes.
Rhodium(III) Complexes Featuring Coordinated CF3 Appendages
Authors: Emerson‐King Jack , Prokes Ivan , Chaplin Adrian B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of a homologous series of rhodium 2,2′‐biphenyl complexes featuring intramolecular dative bonding of the nominally inert and weakly coordinating trifluoromethyl group are described. Presence of these interactions is evidenced in the solid state using X‐ray diffraction, with Rh−F contacts of 2.36–2.45 Å, and in solution using NMR spectroscopy, through hindered C−CF3 bond rotation and the presence of time‐averaged 1JRhF and 2JPF coupling.
Prediction of painful temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in juvenile patients using bone scintigraphy
Authors: Lee Yeon‐Hee , Hong Il Ki , Chun Yang‐Hyun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe study aims to evaluate whether bone scintigraphy is effective in diagnosing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) in juvenile patients. A retrospective study was conducted with 356 consecutive patients with TMJ–OA who were clinically assessed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Patients were assigned to three groups based on their ages: Group 1: aged 12–16 years; Group 2: aged 17–19 years; and Group 3: aged 20 years. Additionally, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of bone scintigraphy images for the TMJ uptake ratio of the involved joint. The diagnostic rate of TMJ–OA (n = 356, 100%), and the overall presence of subjective pain (n = 282, 77.3%) was closest to the results of bone scintigraphy (n = 333, 91.2%). In addition, reported TMJ pain was significantly associated only with the results of bone scintigraphy and not with the results of panoramic radiography or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in all age groups. With CBCT as the reference standard, the optimal cutoff values of the uptake ratio for the diagnosis of TMJ–OA were 2.171 and 2.017 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P value < 0.05). Our results suggest that bone scintigraphy can be considered a useful modality for diagnosing TMJ–OA in juvenile patients.
Creation and circuit implementation of two‐to‐eight–wing chaotic attractors using a 3D memristor‐based system
Authors: Zhong Xiaoyun , Peng Minfang , Shahidehpour Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper constructs a three‐dimensional (3D) memristor‐based system for creating multiwing chaotic attractors. A second‐degree polynomial memristance function and a sixth‐order exponent internal state memristor function with one parameter are employed, and the complexity of attractors is increased. A detailed analysis on dynamical behaviors of the proposed system are described, such as the bifurcation diagrams, finite‐time local Lyapunov exponents, time series, phase portraits, and Poincaré maps. By adjusting the design parameters, the system displays two‐to‐eight–wing chaotic attractors, especially the five‐wing and seven‐wing attractors, which have never been found in the known systems. Further, we provide the calculation formula of the number of wings in the system, discuss the distribution of the involving inner holes on the plane, and design an electronic circuit to realize the proposed system. The experimental results of the circuit implementation agree with the numerical simulations on Matlab well. It indicates the potential engineering applications for various chaos‐based information systems.
Enantioselective disposition of (R,R)‐formoterol, (S,S)‐formoterol and their respective glucuronides in urine following single inhaled dosing and application to doping control
Authors: Jacobson Glenn A. , Hostrup Morten , Narkowicz Christian K. , Nichols David S. , Walters E. Haydn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFormoterol is a long‐acting beta2‐adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) used for the treatment of asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction. Formoterol is usually administered as a racemic (rac‐) mixture of (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐enantiomers. While formoterol is restricted by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA), inhalation of formoterol is permitted to a predetermined dose (54 μg/24 hours) and a urine threshold of 40 ng/mL. However, chiral switch enantiopure (R,R)‐formoterol is available, effectively doubling the therapeutic advantage for the same threshold. The aim of this study was to investigate whether formoterol exhibits enantioselective urinary pharmacokinetics following inhalation. Six healthy volunteers were administered a 12 μg inhaled dose of rac‐formoterol. Urine was collected over 24 hours and analyzed by enantioselective ultra‐performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC−MS/MS) assay. Total (free drug plus conjugated metabolite) median (min‐max) rac‐formoterol urine levels following inhalation were 1.96 (1.05–13.4) ng/mL, 1.67 (0.16–9.67) ng/mL, 0.45 (0.16–1.51) ng/mL, 0.61 (0.33–0.78) ng/mL, and 0.17 (0.08–1.06) ng/mL at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, respectively, well below the 2019 urine threshold. The proportion of conjugation differed between enantiomers with glucuronide conjugation much greater for (R,R)‐formoterol (around 30%–60% of total) compared to (S,S)‐formoterol (0%–30%). There was clear evidence of inter‐individual enantioselectivity observed in the ratios of (R,R):(S,S)‐formoterol, where (S,S)‐ was predominant in free formoterol, and (R,R)‐ predominant in the conjugated metabolite. In conclusion, rac‐formoterol delivered by inhalation exhibits enantioselective elimination in urine following single‐dose administration. Enantioselective assays should be employed in doping control to screen for banned beta2‐agonist chiral switch products such as (R,R)‐formoterol, and total hydrolyzed rac‐formoterol is warranted to account for inter‐individual differences in enantioselective glucuronidation.
Effect of silkworm peptide on inducting M1 type polarization and Th1 activation via TLR2‐induced MyD88‐dependent pathway
Authors: Zhu Guanglai , Gui Zhongzheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore immune activity and molecular mechanism of silkworm peptide. The cell subsets induced by silkworm peptides were detected by flow cytometry. The IFN‐γ and IL‐4 levels in CD4+ cells were measured by ELISA. TLR2 mRNA expression in mouse CD4+ T cells was detected by qRT‐PCR. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of MyD88 and p‐IκB. The growth rate of Lewis lung cancer xenografts in mice of the medium‐dose group was significantly reduced, and the tumor volume was significantly smaller than that of the control group on the 14th day. The relative vitality values of spleen lymphocytes in the medium‐dose and high‐dose groups were higher than the control group. The IFN‐γ levels in the medium‐dose and high‐dose groups were significantly higher than the control group. The levels of IL‐4 were no significant change among different groups. Compared with the control group, different doses of silkworm peptide groups could increase the levels of NO, IL‐6, IL‐12, and IL‐1β. Compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of MyD88 and p‐IκB in 10 μg/ml group and 20 μg/ml groups were significantly increased compared with the control group. Silkworm peptide could induce Th1 activation and M1 type polarization, which was dose‐dependent and was relative to the effect of silkworm peptide on inhibiting tumor growth. Silkworm peptide could directly induce M1 type polarization and Th1 activation via TLR2‐induced MyD88‐dependent pathway in vitro.
Episodic density, subsyndromic symptoms, and mood instability in late‐life bipolar disorders: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Strejilevich Sergio , Szmulewicz Alejandro , Igoa Ana , Marengo Eliana , Caravotta Pablo , Martino Diego 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesCharacterization of clinical course in old age bipolar disorder (OABD) is scarce and based solely on episode density (ED). The aim of this study was to explore mood instability (MI) and subsyndromal symptomatology (SS) in a prospective cohort of OABD. Further, we contrasted these measures with a cohort of young age bipolar disorder (YABD).MethodsLife charts from weekly mood ratings were used to compute the number of weeks spent with subsyndromal symptoms (SD), the ED, and the MI during follow‐up for a cohort of OABD (N = 38) that excluded late onset BD. Linear and logistic regression models were fitted to compare the clinical course of OABD with a cohort of YABD (N = 52) and to explore the relationship between these measures and functional outcomes.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 5 years (IQR: 3.6‐7.9). OABD (61.6 years, SD: 8.3) spent 15%, 6%, and 3% of their follow‐up with depressive, manic, and mixed symptoms, respectively, and suffered 4.2 mood changes per year (SD: 2.6). No significant differences between OABD and YABD regarding ED or MI emerged in multivariate analysis, while a higher subsyndromal manic symptom burden was observed in OABD (β coefficient: 3.79, 95%CI: 0.4‐7.2). Both SS and MI were associated with functional outcomes in OABD.ConclusionsThe course of illness throughout OABD was similar to the one observed in YABD except for a higher subsyndromal manic burden. This study extended the association of MI and SD with global functioning to the late‐life BD.
Test–retest reproducibility of white matter parcellation using diffusion MRI tractography fiber clustering
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wu Ye , Norton Isaiah , Rathi Yogesh , Golby Alexandra J. , O'Donnell Lauren J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere are two popular approaches for automated white matter parcellation using diffusion MRI tractography, including fiber clustering strategies that group white matter fibers according to their geometric trajectories and cortical‐parcellation‐based strategies that focus on the structural connectivity among different brain regions of interest. While multiple studies have assessed test–retest reproducibility of automated white matter parcellations using cortical‐parcellation‐based strategies, there are no existing studies of test–retest reproducibility of fiber clustering parcellation. In this work, we perform what we believe is the first study of fiber clustering white matter parcellation test–retest reproducibility. The assessment is performed on three test–retest diffusion MRI datasets including a total of 255 subjects across genders, a broad age range (5–82 years), health conditions (autism, Parkinson's disease and healthy subjects), and imaging acquisition protocols (three different sites). A comprehensive evaluation is conducted for a fiber clustering method that leverages an anatomically curated fiber clustering white matter atlas, with comparison to a popular cortical‐parcellation‐based method. The two methods are compared for the two main white matter parcellation applications of dividing the entire white matter into parcels (i.e., whole brain white matter parcellation) and identifying particular anatomical fiber tracts (i.e., anatomical fiber tract parcellation). Test–retest reproducibility is measured using both geometric and diffusion features, including volumetric overlap (wDice) and relative difference of fractional anisotropy. Our experimental results in general indicate that the fiber clustering method produced more reproducible white matter parcellations than the cortical‐parcellation‐based method.
New neurons restore structural and behavioral abnormalities in a rat model of PTSD
Authors: Schoenfeld Timothy J. , Rhee Diane , Martin Laura , Smith Jesse A. , Sonti Anup N. , Padmanaban Varun , Cameron Heather A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with anxiety, memory impairments, enhanced fear, and hippocampal volume loss, although the relationship between these changes remain unknown. Single‐prolonged stress (SPS) is a model for PTSD combining three forms of stress (restraint, swim, and anesthesia) in a single session that results in prolonged behavioral effects. Using pharmacogenetic ablation of adult neurogenesis in rats, we investigated the role of new neurons in the hippocampus in the long‐lasting structural and behavioral effects of SPS. Two weeks after SPS, stressed rats displayed increased anxiety‐like behavior and decreased preference for objects in novel locations regardless of the presence or absence of new neurons. Chronic stress produced by daily restraint for 2 or 6 hr produced similar behavioral effects that were also independent of ongoing neurogenesis. At a longer recovery time point, 1 month after SPS, rats with intact neurogenesis had normalized, showing control levels of anxiety‐like behavior. However, GFAP‐TK rats, which lacked new neurons, continued to show elevated anxiety‐like behavior and enhanced serum corticosterone response to anxiogenic experience. Volume loss in ventral CA1 region of the hippocampus paralleled increases in anxiety‐like behavior, occurring in all rats exposed to SPS at the early time point and only rats lacking adult neurogenesis at the later time point. In chronic stress experiments, volume loss occurred broadly throughout the dentate gyrus and CA1 after 6‐hr daily stress but was not apparent in any hippocampal subregion after 2‐hr daily stress. No effect of SPS was seen on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus, but the survival of young neurons born a week after stress was decreased. Together, these data suggest that new neurons are important for recovery of normal behavior and hippocampal structure following a strong acute stress and point to the ventral CA1 region as a potential key mediator of stress‐induced anxiety‐like behavior.