bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluoxetine does not influence response to continuous theta burst stimulation in human motor cortex
Authors: Austin Duncan K. , Amador Lourenço M. D. , Li Lucia M. , Little Simon J. , Rothwell John C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are thought to exert a clinical effect through various mechanisms, including through alteration in synaptic plasticity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can induce temporary changes in synaptic excitability in cerebral cortex that resemble long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression that serve as a measure of synaptic plasticity in vivo. A version of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation called continuous theta burst stimulation can induce inhibition of cortical excitability that can be measured through a motor evoked potential. Previous work has suggested that this response can be modulated by administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.MethodThirty‐one healthy volunteers received both fluoxetine 20 mg and placebo in randomly ordered sessions, followed by spaced continuous theta burst stimulation to motor cortex. Changes in Motor Evoked Potentials were then recorded over 60 min.ResultsThe response to spaced continuous theta burst stimulation did not differ significantly between fluoxetine and placebo sessions. Spaced continuous theta burst stimulation produced a paradoxical excitatory response in an unexpected number of participants.ConclusionA single dose of fluoxetine 20 mg does not influence the response to continuous theta burst stimulation. Previous results suggesting an effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on inhibitory non‐invasive brain stimulation protocols may be due to insufficiently large sample sizes.
Game Theory and Dual Approach to the Dynamic Programming on the Example of the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Poland Described by Mathematical Model With Three‐Dose Vaccinated
Authors: Matusik Radosław 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a new approach to the disease transmission dynamics of the COVID‐19 pandemic is presented, involving the use of game theory and dual dynamic programming. A new compartmental model that describes these dynamics is introduced. New classes have been added to this model to account for the portion of the population vaccinated with one dose, two doses, or three doses. Pandemic costs are also included. Time‐dependent parameters (strategies) are employed, allowing for the consideration of different behavior variants and decisions made by policymakers. Sufficient conditions for a dual ‐closed‐loop Nash equilibrium, are formulated in the form of a verification theorem. A numerical algorithm is constructed, and numerical simulations are performed. A comparison between real pandemic data for Poland and the data obtained from the model is made.
Associations of Microvascular Risk Factors with Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma Outcomes Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Dornhoffer James R. , Babajanian Eric E. , Khandalavala Karl R. , Marinelli John P. , Daher Ghazal S. , Lohse Christine M. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly used for small‐to‐medium‐sized sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) and is associated with good tumor control and low‐risk of adverse radiation‐associated events. The exact mechanism of VS tumor control is unknown but may relate to microvascular hyalinization and resultant tumoral ischemia. This study examined associations of microvascular risk factors with outcomes following SRS.DesignHistorical cohort of patients who underwent SRS for sporadic VS from 2000 to 2022.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsAssociations of microvascular risk factors with tumor control and complications were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsIn total 749 patients were studied, 31% with a history of smoking, 38% obesity, 19% hypertension, 8% diabetes, 3% peripheral vascular disease, and 2% history of coronary bypass. Regarding tumor control, no factor was associated with salvage treatment following SRS (n = 42). Hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] 2.81; P = .02) and coronary bypass (HR 6.91; P = .002) were significantly associated with developing facial nerve paresis (n = 22). No significant associations with new facial spasms (n = 53) were identified. Lastly, 191 of 294 patients with serviceable hearing at SRS progressed to nonserviceable hearing at a median 2.0 years (interquartile range: 1.0‐5.0). After multivariable adjustment for age and ipsilateral hearing status, the HR for the association of smoking history with time to nonserviceable hearing was 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.04‐2.04; P = .03).ConclusionWe demonstrate that hypertension and history of coronary bypass may be associated with development of facial nerve weakness, while smoking may be associated with accelerated hearing loss in patients undergoing SRS for sporadic VS. These data may help guide patient counseling and inform decision‐making regarding treatment.
Results of a pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial using counseling to augment a digital weight loss program
Authors: Martinez Caitlin E. , Nezami Brooke T. , Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth , Willis Erik A. , Gorin Amy A. , Tate Deborah F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveAdaptive interventions may improve the potency and scalability of behavioral weight loss interventions, but the treatments—or treatment combinations—that should be offered are unknown. A two‐stage pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial was used to test the timing and dose of human support added to a core digital weight loss program.MethodsIn stage 1, 99 adults with overweight/obesity were randomized at baseline to a kick‐off with or without additional human support. In stage 2, “early non‐responders” who had not achieved a 2% weight loss were re‐randomized after 4 weeks to either biweekly counseling (120 min over 8 weeks) or a one‐time check‐in (30 min) with a dietitian. “Early responders” continued with the mHealth program alone. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed against pre‐specified criteria. Preliminary outcomes (weight loss, self‐monitoring and behavioral goal adherence) were explored.ResultsThe study met all feasibility and acceptability criteria. The rate of early response was 52.5%. Mean (SE) 3‐month percent weight losses were significantly greater in early responders (−6.63% (0.72)) than non‐responders (−1.70% (0.43), p < 0.001). Outcomes were similar by first‐ and second‐line treatment though more counseling (27.3%) than check‐in (12.5%) participants achieved a 5% weight loss.ConclusionsIdentifying early responders may help optimize weight loss interventions, but more research is needed on rescue treatments for early non‐responders.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrial.gov, NCT05929469.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of paired plasma–breast milk lamivudine data for estimation of infant exposure in breastfeeding mother–infant pairs
Authors: Ojara Francis Williams , Kawuma Aida N. , Nakalema Shadia , Kyohairwe Isabella , Nakijoba Ritah , Lamorde Mohammed , Pertinez Henry , Khoo Saye , Waitt Catriona 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAround 1.2 million women living with HIV give birth annually, majority of whom will breastfeed their infants while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lamivudine, a component of first‐line ART regimens crosses from maternal plasma to breast milk, with measurable concentrations in some breastfed infants. Wide variability in plasma‐to‐breast milk transfer has been reported within‐ or across studies, probably due to differences in sampling framework. This work sought to characterize the milk‐to‐plasma transfer of lamivudine, quantify inter‐patient variability and associated factors, and predict exposure of a breastfed infant. We explored data from an observational pharmacokinetic study that included 35 Ugandan mothers and their infants. Mothers received lamivudine doses of 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily as part of their antiretroviral regimen. Pharmacokinetic sampling was undertaken across two visits approximately 8 weeks apart, providing 248 maternal plasma, 256 breast milk‐, and 151 infant blood concentrations, measured across a 24‐h sampling interval. A one‐compartmental model best described the plasma disposition of lamivudine, with first‐order absorption, interindividual variability on clearance and volume of distribution, and a proportional residual error model. A lag in time of plasma‐to‐breast milk drug accumulation was described using an effect compartment model with a milk‐to‐plasma ratio of 1.77. An estimated daily infant dose of 179.3 μg/kg (range: 125.8, 282.3) closely predicted the observed infant steady‐state concentrations and translated into 3.34% (2.13, 7.20) and 3.35% (1.10, 7.15) of the standard daily maternal dose in visits 1 and 2, respectively. The established modeling framework can be extended to other drugs.
Achieving Color‐Tunable Solid‐State Fluorescence by Adjusting the Molecular‐State Chromophores on Carbonized Polymer Dots
Authors: Li Rui , Tao Songyuan , Liu Junjun , Han Xiao , Xia Chunlei , Yang Bai 
Published: November 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted great interest in recent years due to their excellent fluorescent properties, convenient synthetic methods, and wide availability of source materials. However, although most CDs exhibit excellent luminescent properties in solution, achieving solid‐state fluorescence (SSF) CDs is still difficult due to aggregation‐caused quenching, and realizing color‐tunable SSF‐CDs remains a serious challenge. Herein, the SSF‐carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) are successfully obtained by one‐step hydrothermal of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and citric acid. The photoluminescence centers of these CPDs are molecular‐state chromophores, which are proved as imidazo [1,2‐a] pyridine‐7‐carboxylic acid, 1,2,3,5‐tetrahydro‐5‐oxo‐ (IPCA) derivatives by NMR. Further investigation reveals that the formation and distribution of IPCA derivatives would affect the bandgaps when CPDs particles aggregate, which is also verified by density functional theory calculations. Based on the above conclusion, the blue, green, yellow, and orange SSF CPDs are successfully obtained, and the multicolor and white emission light emitting diodes are effectively fabricated by these CPDs.
Society's educational debts due to racism, sexism, and classism in introductory biology student learning
Authors: Nissen Jayson , Van Dusen Ben Clare , Kukday Sayali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigated the intersectional relationships between racism, sexism, and classism in inequities in student conceptual knowledge in introductory biology courses using a quantitative critical framework. Using Bayesian hierarchical linear models, we examined students' conceptual knowledge as measured by the Introductory Molecular and Cell Biology Assessment. The data came from the LASSO Platform database and included 6547 students from 87 introductory courses at 11 institutions. The model indicated that students with marginalized identities by race, gender, and class tended to start with lower scores than continuing‐generation, White men. We conceptualized these differences as educational debts society owed these students due to racism, sexism, and classism. Instruction added to these educational debts for most marginalized groups, with the largest increases for students with multiple marginalized identities. After instruction, society owed Black and Hispanic, first‐generation women an educational debt equal to 60–80% of the average learning in the courses. These courses almost all (85/87) used collaborative learning and half (45/87) supported instruction with near‐peer learning assistants. While research shows collaborative learning better serves students than lecture‐based instruction, these results indicate it adds to educational debts due to racism, sexism, and classism in introductory college biology courses.
Pancreatic cancer surveillance: Risk stratification of individuals with a germline CDKN2A pathogenic variant
Authors: Klatte Derk C. F. , Meziani Jihane , Cahen Djuna L. , van Diepen Merel , Bruno Marco J. , van Leerdam Monique E. ,   the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals carrying a germline CDKN2A pathogenic variant (PV) are at a high risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Risk stratification could allow tailored surveillance.ObjectiveTo develop a Fine‐Gray prediction model for the risk of PDAC in carriers of a CDKN2A PV.MethodsData from two large Dutch pancreatic cancer surveillance programs were used. A limited set of predictor variables were selected bsased on previous literature and the clinical expertise of the study group.ResultsA total of 506 CDKN2A PV carriers were included, among whom we showed a substantial lifetime risk of PDAC (23%). The model identifies having a first‐degree relative with PDAC (B = 0.7256) and a history of smoking (B = 0.4776) as significant risk factors. However, the model shows limited discrimination (c‐statistic 0.64) and calibration.ConclusionOur study highlights the high lifetime risk of PDAC in carriers of a CDKN2A PV. While identifying significant risk factors such as family history of PDAC and smoking, our prediction model shows limited precision, highlighting the need for additional factors such as biomarkers to improve its clinical utility for tailored surveillance of high‐risk individuals.
Research on Groundwater Classification and Grading Method for Underground Space Development
Authors: Zhou Junhong , Yan Jiajia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research paper focuses on the development of a groundwater classification and grading method specifically tailored for underground space development projects. The study aims to provide a systematic approach to assess the groundwater conditions and associated risks. Based on the principle of multi-objective optimization, groundwater classification and grading method is proposed in this paper. According to the types of confined water in different foundation pits, this method accurately evaluates the impact of the changes in the confined water on the surrounding environment, and comprehensively analyzes other limiting factors such as project investment, project safety, surrounding buildings, and ecological environment, and then controls the confined water.
Study on the Influence of Anchor Reinforcement Methods on the Stability of Slope Under Rainfall Infiltration Condition
Authors: Zhang Nan , Mao Zhilin , Zou Shijie , Wang Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRainfall infiltration is a major cause of slope instability, and many researchers have conducted extensive studies on the mechanism of slope instability under the influence of rainfall infiltration. The design of slope support currently faces several challenges, including a shortage of appropriate design basis, dependence on imprecise, experience-based, or analogy-based designs, and the absence of focused and optimized design methods. Using numerical simulation, this study aimed to find the impact of various anchor reinforcement schemes on slope stability during heavy rainfall. Several anchoring reinforcement schemes have been proposed, the impact of anchoring angle, anchoring distance, anchoring length, and other parameters on the slope’s safety factor has been analyzed and compared, and the optimal solution has been suggested.
Mechanism and Stability Analysis of Karst Collapse in Jingquan Water Source Area of Tengzhou City
Authors: Feng Tangwu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo study the development and collapse mechanism of karst collapse in Jingquan Water Source Area of Tengzhou City, a two-dimensional fluid solid coupling model was established using the finite element software ABAQUS. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the development process of karst collapse, and the mechanism of soil cave collapse under the effects of rainfall and excessive groundwater exploitation in the study area was summarized. The results indicate that the periodic fluctuation of groundwater level caused by rainfall and excessive groundwater exploitation is manifested as a decrease in soil strength, ultimately leading to karst collapse. The use of strength reduction method can effectively conduct quantitative analysis of karst cave collapse stability.
Application of Digital Twin Technology in Assessing the Level of Water Ecological Civilization Construction in Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Hu Donghui , Zhou Chaomin , Xie Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe emergence of digital twin technology has facilitated the assessment of the level of water ecological civilization in the Yangtze River basin. In recent years, the digital twin technology in the Yangtze River basin has led to a gradual improvement in the efficiency of water quality and environment monitoring. In this context, how to flexibly apply digital twin technology to measure the development level of ecological civilization in the Yangtze River basin? In order to solve this problem, this paper firstly builds the evaluation index system of water ecological civilization level in Yangtze River basin based on DPSIRM model, and introduces Entropy weighting technique. Then analyzes the impact of digital twin technology on each index dimension, and finally designs how digital twin construction can better promote the construction of water ecological civilization in Yangtze River basin.
Research on the Whole Life Cycle Management of Water Conservancy Project Based on K-means Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Jiabao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResearch on full life cycle management in water conservancy engineering is currently limited, resulting in issues like improper project siting, high construction costs, and insufficient risk management capabilities. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an innovative management approach using the K-means clustering algorithm. This method leverages the K-means algorithm's simplicity and fast convergence to cluster and analyze diverse data from different stages of water conservancy projects. It then presents these clustering results visually to assist project managers in making informed decisions. Using the K-means algorithm in the planning and design stage of water conservancy projects as an example, we demonstrate its feasibility, efficiency, and scientific rigor in managing the entire project life cycle. The research findings indicate the following: The research results show that (1) In the planning and design stage, the K-means algorithm aids in making informed decisions about engineering construction sites by clustering and analyzing relevant data. (2) The improved K-means clustering algorithm exhibits high processing efficiency and accuracy when handling various types of water conservancy project data. (3) The K-means algorithm's application can span the construction, operation, and maintenance stages. It can cluster and analyze data related to material consumption, equipment usage, construction efficiency, and quality, ensuring compliance with quality standards, cost control, and project optimization. Additionally, it can be used to cluster and analyze data akin to water conservancy projects, like historical risk factors, aiding in risk evaluation and prediction.
Spatial Characteristics of Basic Storage Media of Reservoir-Induced Earthquakes in the Lower Reaches of Jinsha River—A Case Study in Baitan-Zhilixincun
Authors: Yang Liu , Du Zedong , Feng Zhiren , Jin Bo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractReservoir-induced earthquakes have the characteristics of shallow focal depth, small magnitude, high frequency and density in the Baitan-Zhilixincun section of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. The rock mass of the shallow strata is mostly carbonate rock, which is widely distributed. The shallow metamorphic rocks are mainly distributed at the depth of 10 km. In the concentrated area of reservoir-induced earthquakes, the number of secondary faults is relatively large, and they are mainly reverse faults. The stress and strain patterns of the shallow cracks are mainly unloading cracks in the rock mass on the left and right banks of the Baitan-Jiaopingdu section. The main storage characteristics of groundwater are bedrock fissure water and karst fissure water. The rapid impoundment of the reservoir makes the bedrock fissure.
Shape Preserving Approximation of Periodic Functions: Conclusion
Authors: Leviatan D. , Shevchuk I. O. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe give here the final results about the validity of Jackson-type estimates in comonotone approximation of $$2\pi $$

2
π

-periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials ($$q=1$$

q
=
1

). For coconvex ($$q=2$$

q
=
2

) and the so called co-q-monotone, $$q>2$$

q
>
2

, approximations, everything is known by now. Thus, this paper concludes the research on Jackson type estimates of Shape Preserving Approximation of periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials. It is interesting to point out that the results for comonotone approximation of a periodic function are substantially different than the analogous results for comonotone approximation of a continuous function on a finite interval, by algebraic polynomials.
Validität des Schweregradindex bei nichtspezifischen chronischen Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Hampel Petra , Hüwel Anna Maria 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Höhere Schmerzgrade hängen mit hoher psychischer Belastung zusammen und erhöhen das Risiko für die Aufrechterhaltung von chronischen Rückenschmerzen (CRS).

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Kriteriumsvalidität des Schweregradindex sollte erstmalig im Kontext der verhaltensmedizinisch-orthopädischen Rehabilitation (VMO) sowie an weiteren psychosozialen und arbeitsbezogenen Kennwerten überprüft werden.

Methode
Die Multicenterstudie an 1010 Personen mit nichtspezifischen CRS (Internationale Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme, ICD-10: M51/53/54) untersuchte zu Beginn einer stationären VMO den Unterschied in psychologischen sowie arbeits- und schmerzbezogenen Kennwerten in Abhängigkeit vom Schweregrad (I–IV). Zudem wurden die Häufigkeitsverteilungen der klinisch unauffälligen und auffälligen Fälle in der schmerzspezifischen Selbstwirksamkeit, Depressivität und subjektiven Prognose der Erwerbstätigkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Schweregrad überprüft.

Ergebnisse
Der Schweregradindex trennte die Grade in den psychologischen sowie arbeits- und schmerzbezogenen Kennwerten in erwarteter Richtung. In angeschlossenen paarweisen Vergleichen unterschied sich Grad IV signifikant von den niedrigeren Graden. Personen mit höheren Schweregraden wiesen ungünstige Werte in den psychosozialen Maßen auf und lagen häufiger im auffälligen Bereich.

Diskussion
Die Befunde stützen die Kriteriumsvalidität des Schweregradindex. Das psychosoziale Risikoprofil bei höheren Graden unterstützt sowohl eine frühzeitige schmerzbezogene und psychologische Diagnostik als auch eine gezielte Zuweisung zu bedarfsgerechten interdisziplinären multimodalen Behandlungsangeboten.

Graphic abstract