bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and improved properties of Glutamine synthetase from Providencia vermicola by site-directed mutagenesis
Authors: Zuo Wu , Nie Leitong , Baskaran Ram , Kumar Ashok , Liu Ziduo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, a novel gene for Glutamine synthetase was cloned and characterized for its activities and stabilities from a marine bacterium Providencia vermicola (PveGS). A mutant S54A was generated by site directed mutagenesis, which showed significant increase in the activity and stabilities at a wide range of temperatures. The Km values of PveGS against hydroxylamine, ADP-Na2 and L-Glutamine were 15.7 ± 1.1, (25.2 ± 1.5) × 10−5 and 32.6 ± 1.7 mM, and the kcat were 17.0 ± 0.6, 9.14 ± 0.12 and 30.5 ± 1.0 s−1 respectively. In-silico-analysis revealed that the replacement of Ser at 54th position with Ala increased the catalytic activity of PveGS. Therefore, catalytic efficiency of mutant S54A had increased by 3.1, 0.89 and 2.9-folds towards hydroxylamine, ADP-Na2 and L-Glutamine respectively as compared to wild type. The structure prediction data indicated that the negatively charged pocket becomes enlarged and hydrogen bonding in Ser54 steadily promotes the product release. Interestingly, the residual activity of S54A mutant was increased by 10.7, 3.8 and 3.8 folds at 0, 10 and 50 °C as compared to WT. Structural analysis showed that S54A located on the loop near to the active site improved its flexibility due to the breaking of hydrogen bonds between product and enzyme. This also facilitated the enzyme to increase its cold adaptability as indicated by higher residual activity shown at 0 °C. Thus, replacement of Ala to Ser54 played a pivotal role to enhance the activities and stabilities at a wide range of temperatures.
Modelling brain-wide neuronal morphology via rooted Cayley trees
Authors: Lin Congping , Huang Yuanfei , Quan Tingwei , Zhang Yiwei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeuronal morphology is an essential element for brain activity and function. We take advantage of current availability of brain-wide neuron digital reconstructions of the Pyramidal cells from a mouse brain, and analyze several emergent features of brain-wide neuronal morphology. We observe that axonal trees are self-affine while dendritic trees are self-similar. We also show that tree size appear to be random, independent of the number of dendrites within single neurons. Moreover, we consider inhomogeneous branching model which stochastically generates rooted 3-Cayley trees for the brain-wide neuron topology. Based on estimated order-dependent branching probability from actual axonal and dendritic trees, our inhomogeneous model quantitatively captures a number of topological features including size and shape of both axons and dendrites. This sheds lights on a universal mechanism behind the topological formation of brain-wide axonal and dendritic trees.
Embodying functionally relevant action sounds in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Pazzaglia Mariella , Galli Giulia , Lewis James W. , Scivoletto Giorgio , Giannini Anna Maria , Molinari Marco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that perceptual-motor codes may be associated with and influenced by actual bodily states. Following a spinal cord injury (SCI), for example, individuals exhibit reduced visual sensitivity to biological motion. However, a dearth of direct evidence exists about whether profound alterations in sensorimotor traffic between the body and brain influence audio-motor representations. We tested 20 wheelchair-bound individuals with lower skeletal-level SCI who were unable to feel and move their lower limbs, but have retained upper limb function. In a two-choice, matching-to-sample auditory discrimination task, the participants were asked to determine which of two action sounds matched a sample action sound presented previously. We tested aural discrimination ability using sounds that arose from wheelchair, upper limb, lower limb, and animal actions. Our results indicate that an inability to move the lower limbs did not lead to impairment in the discrimination of lower limb-related action sounds in SCI patients. Importantly, patients with SCI discriminated wheelchair sounds more quickly than individuals with comparable auditory experience (i.e. physical therapists) and inexperienced, able-bodied subjects. Audio-motor associations appear to be modified and enhanced to incorporate external salient tools that now represent extensions of their body schemas.
The roles ofMTRRandMTHFRgene polymorphisms in congenital heart diseases: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Aiping , Wang Weiping , Jiang Xiaolei 
Published: October 2018

Background: We performed the present study to better elucidate the correlations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) gene polymorphisms with the risk of congenital heart diseases (CHD).Methods: Eligible articles were searched in PubMed, Medline, Embase and CNKI. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to detect any potential associations of MTHFR and MTRR gene polymorphisms with CHD.Results: A total of 47 eligible studies were finally included in our meta-analysis. Our overall analyses suggested that MTRR rs1801394, MTRR rs1532268, MTHFR rs1801131 and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphisms were all significantly associated with the risk of CHD in certain genetic models. Further subgroup analyses according to ethnicity of study participants demonstrated that the MTRR rs1801394 polymorphism was significantly correlated with the risk of CHD only in Asians, whereas MTRR rs1532268, MTHFR rs1801133 and MTHFR rs1801131 polymorphisms were significantly correlated with the risk of CHD in both Asians and Caucasians.Conclusions: Our findings indicated that MTRR rs1532268, MTHFR rs1801131 and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphisms may affect the risk of CHD in Asians and Caucasians, while the MTRR rs1801394 polymorphism may only affect in risk of CHD in Asians.
High‐linearity SAR‐VCO MASH ΔΣ ADC with second‐order noise shaping
Authors: Payandehnia P. , Maghami H. , Mirzaie H. , Temes G.C. 
Published: October 2018

A novel 0‐2 Multi‐Stage Noise Shaping (MASH) analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC) is proposed. The first stage is implemented using a 4‐bit SAR ADC. The second stage uses a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)‐based quantiser (VCOQ). Unlike earlier VCOQs which provide first‐order noise shaping, the VCOQ proposed in this Letter achieves second‐order noise filtering. To implement this noise shaping, the quantisation noise of the VCOQ is extracted as a pulse‐width‐modulated signal, and it is fed back to the VCO input using a charge pump circuit. In the proposed scheme, the input signal to the VCO is small. Therefore, the linearity requirement of this block is relaxed. Also, any error related to the charge pump circuitry will be first‐order shaped at the output. Simulation results confirm the second‐order noise shaping of the output of the ADC, and an excellent (14‐bit signal‐to‐noise and distortion ratio) performance with the over‐sampling ratio of 16.
Deklaration von Zucker
Authors: Meisterernst Andreas 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie verpflichtende Deklaration von Zucker bei vorverpackten Lebensmitteln bestimmt sich nach den Vorschriften der Lebensmittelinformationsverordnung (LMIV). Auch die freiwillige Wiederholung der Deklaration von Zucker in der Etikettierung von vorverpackten Lebensmitteln ist in der LMIV geregelt. Bei lose abgegebenen Lebensmitteln, die keine Nährwertdeklaration tragen müssen, gibt es keine Vorschriften bezüglich etwaiger Pflichtinformationen zur Angabe des Zuckergehalts oder des Brennwerts von Zucker. Neben den relativ neuen Vorschriften zur ab dem 13. Dezember 2016 grundsätzlich verpflichtenden Nährwertdeklaration sind freiwillige nährwert- und gesundheitsbezogene Angaben zu Zucker durch die Health-Claims-Verordnung (HCV VO [EG] Nr. 1924/2006) geregelt. Die Europäische Kommission hat jüngst von der Europäischen Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit (EFSA) positiv bewertete gesundheitsbezogene Angaben abgelehnt. Auch nährwertbezogene Angaben für Zucker sind restriktiv reguliert. Insgesamt hat es die Zutat „Zucker“ daher regulatorisch schwer.
Viabel handeln mit Kinaesthetics in der Endoskopie
Authors: Brenner Heike , Kirov Ute 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungHerausfordernde Situationen während der Bewegungsunterstützung von PatientInnen kennt wohl jede MitarbeiterIn im Funktionsbereich einer Klinik. Das Team der Endoskopie Abteilung der medius KLINIKEN am Standort Ruit nutzt Kinaesthetics als ein pragmatisches und hilfreiches Lerninstrument, um ihr Handling situativ an die Problematiken und Möglichkeiten der Patientinnen anpassen zu können.
Neoliberalism versus distributional autonomy: the skipped step in rawls’sthe law of peoples
Authors: Edmundson William A. , Schrepfer Matthew R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDebates about global distributive justice focus on the gulf between the wealthy North and the impoverished South, rather than on issues arising between liberal democracies. A review of John Rawls’s approach to international justice discloses a step Rawls skipped in his extension of his original-position procedure. The skipped step is where a need for the distributional autonomy of sovereign liberal states reveals itself.Neoliberalismdenies the possibility and the desirability of distributional autonomy. A complete Rawlsian account of global justice shows the necessity and possibility of a charter between liberal states, assuring each a proper minimum degree of distributional autonomy
Using the Multidimensional Prognostic Index to Predict Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Older Persons: A Prospective, Multicenter, International Study
Authors: Pilotto Alberto , Veronese Nicola , Daragjati Julia , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J , Polidori Maria Cristina , Mattace-Raso Francesco , Paccalin Marc , Topinkova Eva , Siri Giacomo , Greco Antonio , Mangoni Arduino A , Maggi Stefania , Ferrucci Luigi ,   MPI_AGE Investigators, Musacchio Clarissa , Custureri Romina , Simonato Matteo , Durando Mario , Miret-Corchado Carmen , Montero-Errasquin Beatriz , Meyer Anna , Hoffmann Dirk , Schulz Ralf-Joachim , Tap Lisanne , Egberts Angelique , Bureau Marie-Laure , Brunet Thomas , Liuu Evelyne , Michalkova Helena , Madlova Pavla , Sancarlo Daniele , D’Onofrio Grazia , Ruxton Kimberley 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) is useful as a prognostic tool in hospitalized older patients, but our knowledge is derived from retrospective studies. We therefore aimed to evaluate in a multicenter, longitudinal, cohort study whether the MPI at hospital admission is useful to identify groups with different mortality risk and whether MPI at discharge may predict institutionalization, rehospitalization, and use of home care services during 12 months.

Methods
This longitudinal study, carried out between February 2015 and August 2017, included nine public hospitals in Europe and Australia. A standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment including information on functional, nutritional, cognitive status, risk of pressure sores, comorbidities, medications, and cohabitation status was used to calculate the MPI and to categorize participants in low, moderate, and severe risk of mortality. Data regarding mortality, institutionalization, rehospitalization, and use of home care services were recorded through administrative information.

Results
Altogether, 1,140 hospitalized patients (mean age 84.1 years, women = 60.8%) were included. In the multivariable analysis, compared to patients with low risk group at admission, patients in moderate (odds ratio [OR] = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.79–6.17; p &lt; .001) and severe risk (OR = 10.72, 95% CI: 5.70–20.18, p &lt; .0001) groups were at higher risk of overall mortality. Among the 984 older patients with follow-up data available, those in the severe-risk group experienced a higher risk of overall mortality, institutionalization, rehospitalization, and access to home care services.

Conclusions
In this cohort of hospitalized older adults, higher MPI values are associated with higher mortality and other negative outcomes. Multidimensional assessment of older people admitted to hospital may facilitate appropriate clinical and postdischarge management.
Diet of seals in the Baltic Sea region: a synthesis of published and new data from 1968 to 2013
Authors: Scharff-Olsen Camilla Hjorth , Galatius Anders , Teilmann Jonas , Dietz Rune , Andersen Signe May , Jarnit Simon , Kroner Anne-Mette , Botnen Amanda Bolt , Lundström Karl , Møller Peter Rask , Olsen Morten Tange 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A crucial first step in assessing and managing the role and impacts of predators on their environment is knowledge on their foraging behaviour and diet. Here, we synthesize previously published and newly generated data on the diet of harbour seals, grey seals, and ringed seals in the Baltic Sea region. More than 45 000 otoliths recovered from 3147 samples of scats and digestive tracts were collected throughout all seasons and most Baltic Sea sub-basins from 1968 to 2013. The data revealed a large extent of interspecific, spatial, and seasonal variation in seal diet, implying that caution should be made when extrapolating from one species, area or season, to others. Still, a few fish species, including Atlantic herring, sprat, cod, and sandeels had high occurrence across seal species and locations. The compiled data provide the first overview of seal diet across the entire Baltic Sea region, but also comes with several limitations. Thus, while the data presented here constitutes an important reference for future inference, it also illustrates an urgent need for standardizing methodology across studies on the diet of seals and other aquatic predators.
Truth in a Logic of Formal Inconsistency: How classical can it get?
Authors: Picollo Lavinia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWeakening classical logic is one of the most popular ways of dealing with semantic paradoxes. Their advocates often claim that such weakening does not affect non-semantic reasoning. Recently, however, Halbach and Horsten (2006) have shown that this is actually not the case for Kripke’s fixed-point theory based on the Strong Kleene evaluation scheme. Feferman’s axiomatization $\textsf{KF}$ in classical logic is much stronger than its paracomplete counterpart $\textsf{PKF}$, not only in terms of semantic but also in arithmetical content. This paper compares the proof-theoretic strength of an axiomatization of Kripke’s construction based on the paraconsistent evaluation scheme of $\textsf{LP}$, formulated in classical logic with that of an axiomatization directly formulated in $\textsf{LP}$, extended with a consistency operator. The ultimate goal is to find out whether paraconsistent solutions to the paradoxes that employ consistency operators fare better in this respect than paracomplete ones.
${LFIs}$
and methods of classical recapture
Authors: Tajer Diego 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, I will argue that Logics of Formal Inconsistency $(LFIs)$ can be used as very sophisticated and powerful methods of classical recapture. I will compare $LFIs$ with the well-known non-monotonic logics by Batens (2001, Log. Anal., 45–68) and Priest (2006, In Contradiction, Oxford University) and the ‘shrieking’ rules of Beall (2013, Rev. Symb. Log., 6, 755–764). I will show that these proposals can be represented in $LFIs$ and that $LFIs$ give room to more complex and varied recapturing strategies.
Complex Research Teams on the Rise
Authors: Davidson Judith 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The first part of this chapter examines the research literature in two important areas: the reasons behind the rise in complex teams in qualitative research, and concurrently, the significant discussions emerging about writing among qualitative researchers. As the reader will discover, these two issues are linked in significant ways. The second part of the chapter provides a foundational discussion on qualitative research (definitions, principles, and forms of data) that will anchor the novice reader and provide important background for the expert reader. This text takes a problem-based approach to qualitative research, which is carefully described in this section. This chapter is supported with extensive bibliographic resources that will prove useful for readers who want to do further exploration of their own.
Research Design in Team-Based Qualitative Research
Authors: Davidson Judith 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In the introduction to this chapter and interwoven throughout the text is the message that qualitative research begins and ends in writing, which in this case means that research design is a beginning point for that writing. This chapter is composed of three major sections that illustrate how team start-up is critical to how the writing will proceed down the line. The first section—Team Formation—provides detailed information on issues to consider in establishing the team in a manner that will be most beneficial to the conduct of qualitative research. The second section—Research Design and Project Organization—discusses early writing tasks, establishing a project management system, and the importance of linking all of this to a data archiving plan. Digital tools are discussed in some depth. The third section—Caring: Internalized and Externalized—suggests a novel approach to the issue of ethics and team management.
Trends, Issues, and Considerations
Authors: Davidson Judith 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Trends, issues, and considerations are the topic of Chapter 5. Trends include the continuing increase of complex team research in qualitative research, which will be interdisciplinary and global. This research will take place in a world where “big data” reigns, while social science writing forms will continue to evolve. Three issues are taken up: the continued evolution of IRBs, governmental calls to archive qualitative research data, and issues related to the evaluation of faculty productivity. In the third section—considerations—the chapter looks toward the future, addressing, in particular, the qualitative/quantitative divide, as well as social justice considerations that are changing methodological approaches, and, finally, the important need to train rising researchers to be able to work productively on complex research teams.
A Gang
Authors: Batson C. Daniel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The first new possibility was that empathic concern simultaneously produces all five egoistic motives we have considered. This possibility raised three distinct but related concerns: (a) The search for altruism has focused on testing egoistic alternatives, not on testing the altruism hypothesis directly. (b) The egoistic alternatives have been tested one at a time. (c) The egoistic alternatives should be examined simultaneously, as a gang. Concerning the first concern, the reason for focusing on the egoistic alternatives was examined and found justified. Second, testing the egoistic motives one at a time wasn’t a problem because when examining each new egoistic motive, care was taken to make sure that previously dismissed motives couldn’t account for the new results predicted by the empathy–altruism hypothesis. Regarding simultaneous testing, several later experiments had addressed all five egoistic motives and failed to support the all-at-once alternative. The gang idea was dismissed.
The Musical Gift
Authors: Sykes Jim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor a concise overview of the aims of the book and the author’s research process, please read the Foreword that can be accessed via the Front Matter link. In the Introduction to The Musical Gift, Sykes expands upon various problems (for music studies and the world at large) that emerge from assuming there is an inherent connection between music, the self, expression, and identity. The section argues that while many scholars have noted the historical emergence of these links in European modernity, there is a tendency in scholarly research and public culture to subordinate “ontologies of the otherwise” to European-derived notions of the link between music and identity. The author also argues that while music scholars have spent much time questioning what music is, the same energy has not been devoted in music studies to what a self is, how sound relates to the self differently in different contexts, and what this should mean for music history. The section raises questions about Buddhist notions of “not-self” and karma, setting the stage for a consideration of the politics of Sri Lankan music history that is explored in Chapter 1.
Sri Lankan Tamil Musical Giving
Authors: Sykes Jim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis chapter is a musical cartography of Sri Lankan Tamil traditional musics: through interviews in the Tamil-dominated north and east and the capital Colombo, archival research, and consultation of Tamil and English secondary sources, the chapter provides the first consideration in English of which musical genres and styles are prevalent in which regions of the Tamil heartland of northern and eastern Sri Lanka. The chapter focuses particularly on the musical drama form called kooththu and its revival in the twentieth-century through the efforts of Suppiramaniam Vithiananthan and his student Sinniah Maunaguru. The chapter discusses their play Ravanesan (staged in 1961–1962) and Maunaguru’s later revival of it as a commentary on Sri Lanka’s civil war and the tragic role of women in the conflict.
Beyond the Musicology of Disaster
Authors: Sykes Jim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this crucial ethnographic chapter of The Musical Gift, the author explores the plight of Tamil musicians during the war in Sri Lanka’s north and east, the role of music after the 2004 tsunami, and the use of music by NGOs and local musicians to forge peace (with not always successful results). The chapter explores what “reconciliation” might mean, and what role music and scholarship might play in achieving it. The chapter argues that attempts to use music to forge peace tend to succeed when activists define music as a form of exchange and gift-giving between populations, rather than defining music as naturally definitive of ethnic and religious identity. The chapter discusses a hip-hop artist, the national anthem, post-tsunami mixtapes for charity, well-publicized “concerts for peace,” and a Sinhala-led charity bringing European classical music to a Tamil school, among other examples.
The Island Space
Authors: Sykes Jim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, the author discusses the historical development of Sinhala music in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Sri Lanka (called Ceylon until 1972) in relation to colonial surveillance and conceptions of Sri Lanka as an island space. The chapter theorizes “islands” for music studies and compares Sri Lankan discussions on indigeneity and “movements to” the island with those on the Caribbean. The chapter considers mid-twentieth century anxieties that the Sinhalese “have no music” because their music is “too hybrid.” It then argues that in recent decades, music has been a crucial way for Sinhala nationalists to indigenize the Sinhalese, eschewing the longstanding narrative that their ancestors came from North India, through the figure of Ravana (the “evil king” in the Hindu Ramayana epic) that allows them to draw a link between Sinhala culture and the indigenous Väddas.