bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing double bouquet cells into a modular cortical associative memory model
Authors: Chrysanthidis Nikolaos , Fiebig Florian , Lansner Anders 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present an electrophysiological model of double bouquet cells and integrate them into an established cortical columnar microcircuit model that has previously been used as a spiking attractor model for memory. Learning in that model relies on a Hebbian-Bayesian learning rule to condition recurrent connectivity between pyramidal cells. We here demonstrate that the inclusion of a biophysically plausible double bouquet cell model can solve earlier concerns about learning rules that simultaneously learn excitation and inhibition and might thus violate Dale’s principle. We show that learning ability and resulting effective connectivity between functional columns of previous network models is preserved when pyramidal synapses onto double bouquet cells are plastic under the same Hebbian-Bayesian learning rule. The proposed architecture draws on experimental evidence on double bouquet cells and effectively solves the problem of duplexed learning of inhibition and excitation by replacing recurrent inhibition between pyramidal cells in functional columns of different stimulus selectivity with a plastic disynaptic pathway. We thus show that the resulting change to the microcircuit architecture improves the model’s biological plausibility without otherwise impacting the model’s spiking activity, basic operation, and learning abilities.
Expression of selected miRNA, RARβ and FHIT genes in BALf of squamous cell lung cancer (squamous-cell carcinoma, SCC) patients: a pilot study
Authors: Dutkowska Agata , Antczak Adam , Domańska-Senderowska Daria , Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Two suppressor genes which often undergo epigenetic silencing during the early stages of lung carcinogenesis are those encoding retinoic acid receptor-β (RARβ) and Fhit protein (FHIT). RARβ expression is regulated by miRNA-34a and miRNA-141, and FHIT expression by miRNA-143 and miRNA-217. The aim of the study was to assess how selected miRNAs regulate the expression of their targeted genes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf), obtained from patients with SCC of the lung. It also examines the relationship between the genetic findings and the clinical and pathomorphological features of the tumor. A total of 50 BALf samples were taken: 25 from patients with SCC and 25 from healthy donors. The expression (RQ) of the selected genes was analyzed by qPCR, as well as the miRNA level, with a particular emphasis on the relationship between the expression of the genes themselves and their corresponding miRNAs; in addition, the expression of the genes and miRNAs were compared with the pathomorphological features of the tumor and the clinical features of patients. Analysis of the RQ values showed downregulation of RARß, FHIT and miRNA-34a and increased expression of miRNA-141, miRNA-143 and miRNA-217 in all BALf samples (P > 0.05). No correlation was found between the expression of the selected genes and corresponding miRNAs, history of smoking, cancer stage, age and sex of the patients. The presence of the selected genes and miRNAs in BALf material does not seem to have diagnostic potential in patients with SCC; however, the results should be verified on a larger group of patients.
Dapedium sp. from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) Úrkút Manganese Ore Formation (Bakony Mts., Hungary) and an overview of diversity of dapediiform fishes
Authors: Szabó Márton , Pálfy József 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDapediidae are a characteristic group of deep-bodied Mesozoic actinopterygian fishes with a moderate diversity at genus- and species-level. Here, we add a new occurrence to their patchy fossil record and describe in detail a nearly complete dapediid specimen from the pelagic deposit of the Toarcian Úrkút Manganese Ore Formation in the Transdanubian Range of Hungary. The preserved characters represent nearly all anatomically important body parts and allow assignment toDapediumand comparison with other dapediid genera. This is the first reported occurrence of the order in Hungary and the Carpathian Basin that extends the known geographical range of the genus to the Mediterranean (western Tethyan) Jurassic. A review of the temporal distribution of published occurrences of dapediids permits speculation that the disappearance of exclusively Late Triassic genera, coincident with the end-Triassic extinction event, was likely related to their specialised feeding strategies and light or incomplete squamation. Multiple environmental crises (warming, acidification and anoxia) severely affected reefal habitats and favoured the survival of the generalist-durophagousDapedium. The Úrkút specimen adds important data to the Early Jurassic, particularly ToarcianLagerstätte-dominated fossil record of dapediids. In contrast to the end-Triassic, the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event did not lead to genus extinction among dapediids, possibly prevented by adaptations evolved during the preceding and similarly multi-stressor event. Continuing studies of Mesozoic fish specimens in Hungarian collections may provide new records and insights into other groups as well.
NanoCarb hyperspectral sensor: on performance optimization and analysis for greenhouse gas monitoring from a constellation of small satellites
Authors:   for the SCARBO consortium, Gousset Silvère , Croizé Laurence , Le Coarer Etienne , Ferrec Yann , Rodrigo-Rodrigo Juana , Brooker Laure 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNanoCarb is an innovative Fourier-transform imaging spectrometer dedicated to the measurement of CO2and CH4. Both its unusual optical principle and sampling strategy allow to reach a compact design, ideal for small satellite constellation as investigated by the European project SCARBO. The NanoCarb performance assessment as well as a proof of concept is required in this framework. We have developed a design strategy to optimize the performances. We demonstrate the potential of the concept through an estimation of the sensitivity, compliant with the space mission target. We also present a preliminary mitigation of the bias induced by water on CO2and CH4retrieval, illustrating the efficiency and the flexibility of the NanoCarb partial interferogram sampling technique. The presented design reaches a sub-ppm random error for CO2and sub-10 ppb random error for CH4, considering 128 km swath and 2 by 2 km2ground resolution. Design optimization and more systematic performances are discussed.
Development and Management of Base Flow of a Sand-dominated Alluvial Aquifer of a Large Ephemeral River for Drinking Water Supply in Semi-arid and Fluoride Affected Areas: Example of the River Mayurakshi, Birbhum District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Sikdar P.K. , Dey Sudeshna , Ghosal U. , Chakraborty S. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Semi-arid tropical regions in India and elsewhere face major challenges in the management of public water supply for drinking purpose. In such regions knowledge on base flow availability in major rivers is important in development of water management strategies and estimation of small to medium water supplies especially for semi-arid conditions where groundwater is contaminated with fluoride at variable depths.
This study focuses on identification, exploitation and utilization of the unexploited base flow of the river Mayurakshi between Md. Bazar in the west and Sainthia in the east in Birbhum district, West Bengal, by understanding the subsurface hydrogeology of the river as well as a proper knowledge of the water budget, water resources in storage, and water quality.
Exploratory drilling on the river bed revealed two aquifer settings: unconfined in the west, and semi-confined in the east. Water level is shallow occurring within 2 m below ground level. The sands of the unconfined aquifer are mostly coarse and that of the semi-confined aquifer are medium to coarse. The transmissivity values reveal that the potentiality of the aquifer in the western stretch of the river is higher than that of the eastern stretch. Water supply systems that can be constructed below the river are bedmounted infiltration gallery and collector well with radials. Water quality does not exceed the permissible limit of Indian Drinking Water Standard except for manganese, iron and colliform bacteria. Therefore, the water needs to be treated for these parameters before supplying to the communities for drinking purpose.
Clay Minerals and Micromorphology of the Loess Paleosols, Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Ali Aasif , Achyuthan Hema , Azhardin Mohamad 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Loess paleosols have been often studied to reconstruct late Quaternary past climate changes. In the present study, textural analysis, TOC, CaCO3 content, micromorphology and clay mineralogy of the three loess paleosol profiles from three sites (Choori, Alochibagh and Burzahama), from Kashmir valley are presented. Based on the dates of Burzahama section, the exposed loess paleosols are approximately dated to 45ka. Textural analyses suggest that the sediments are largely fine silt followed by silty loam and silty clay loam. The fine sand component in the loess and paleosols indicate that winds in the valley were strong, but in phases the wind velocity was low. The paleosols are much thicker than loess layers and form several horizons within the lithosections. The increase of CaCO3 content indicates that it has leached in phases and along with total organic carbon (TOC) resulted in mild pedogenesis with variations in the rate of pedogenesis within the paleosols and forming pedocomplexes. Micromorphology of the loess-paleosols indicates the presence of calcite nodules with iron oxide coating indicating sub-aerial weathering and pedogenesis. The presence of channel structures in loess paleosols formed due to root traces and pores probably during the warmer periods. The replacement of chlorite by smectite clays in loess paleosols suggests that the alteration of clay minerals probably took place in cold, dry, warmer climatic conditions in low wind regime.
Hydrogeochemistry of High Fluoride Groundwater to Understand the Suitability of Groundwater for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Granulite Belt Part of Bhopalpatnam Area, Bijapur District, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Munna Korsa , Guhey Rajeeva , Jhariya D.C. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Present study describes the hydrogeochemistry of Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh, with the aim to understand fluoride concentration by geochemical behavior of groundwater, from recharge to discharge through factors such as rock weathering, aquifer lithology, cation exchange etc. Sixty-two representative groundwater samples from Bijapur District were collected during two different seasons pre-monsoon and post-monsoon (2016) and analyzed for major cations and anions. Results clearly demonstrate that the seasonal effect imposes a serious impact on the concentration of ions due to the dilution of water in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. High concentration of fluoride is observed during pre-monsoon (3.58 mg/L) and post-monsoon (3.12 mg/L) periods which are higher than the BIS permissible limit i.e. 1.5 mg/L. Gibbs diagram shows rock–water interaction dominance and evaporation dominance, which are responsible for the change in the quality of water in hard rock aquifer of the study area. Suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purpose also assessed this study. Considering the findings from the present study, the study area needs special attention to ensure the supply of potable water to maintain sustainable life.
Interaction Between Planetary Boundary Layer and PM2.5 Pollution in Megacities in China: a Review
Authors: Miao Yucong , Li Jing , Miao Shiguang , Che Huizheng , Wang Yaqiang , Zhang Xiaoye , Zhu Rong , Liu Shuhua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewDuring the past decades, the number and size of megacities have been growing dramatically in China. Most of Chinese megacities are suffering from heavy PM2.5pollution. In the pollution formation, the planetary boundary layer (PBL) plays an important role. This review is aimed at presenting the current state of understanding of the PBL-PM2.5interaction in megacities, as well as to identify the main gaps in current knowledge and further research needs.Recent FindingsThe PBL is critical to the formation of urban PM2.5pollution at multiple temporal scales, ranging from diurnal change to seasonal variation. For the essential PBL structure/process in pollution, the coastal megacities have different concerns from the mountainous or land-locked megacities. In the coastal cities, the recirculation induced by sea-land breeze can accumulate pollutants, whereas in the valley/basin, the blocking effects of terrains can lead to stagnant conditions and thermal inversion. Within a megacity, although the urbanization-induced land use change can cause thermodynamic perturbations and facilitate the development of PBL, the increases in emissions outweigh this impact, resulting in a net increase of aerosol concentration. Moreover, the aerosol radiative effects can modify the PBL by heating the upper layers and reducing the surface heat flux, suppressing the PBL and exacerbating the pollution.SummaryThis review presented the PBL-PM2.5interaction in 13 Chinese megacities with various geographic conditions and elucidated the critical influencing processes. To further understand the complicated interactions, long-term observations of meteorology and aerosol properties with multi-layers in the PBL need to be implemented.
An overview of key evolutions in the light-duty vehicle sector and their impact on oil demand
Authors: Albrahim Mohammed , Zahrani Ahmed Al , Arora Anvita , Dua Rubal , Fattouh Bassam , Sieminski Adam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe light-duty vehicle (LDV) sector is undergoing many changes, including technological advancements (e.g., vehicle electrification, automation), new business models (e.g., ride-hailing), and government regulations and policies (e.g., fuel economy (FE) standards, zero-emission vehicle mandates, infrastructure investments, and incentives to encourage adoption of alternative fuel vehicles). Despite significant uncertainty, these developments, combined with demographic growth, will influence the future LDV fleet size and composition, and consequently the oil demand from LDVs. This paper provides a review of changes in the LDV sector and an assessment of their impact on oil demand. It takes into account the impact of LDV fleet growth, increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and alternative fuels (focus on biofuels), and improvements in internal combustion engine vehicles’ (ICEV) FE. Our analysis indicates that oil demand in 2040 could remain unchanged relative to 2016, but depending on the development of certain trends, demand could shrink or increase by ~6 million barrels per day (±25% relative to 2016). Our findings suggest that ICEV FE improvements could have a much greater impact on oil demand than the emergence of EVs. Moreover, preliminary research indicates that automation and shared mobility could reinforce the economic attractiveness of EVs, thereby increasing their penetration and impact on oil demand. Because of uncertainties in the development of these two trends by 2040 and difficulties in quantifying the complex interactions, we have not captured these effects in our model. Therefore, the range of uncertainty on the oil demand evolution could be even higher than our model indicates.
Plasma lipocalin‐2 levels in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Eruysal Emily , Ravdin Lisa , Kamel Hooman , Iadecola Costantino , Ishii Makoto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionLipocalin‐2 is an acute‐phase protein with pleotropic functions that has been implicated in several diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unknown if circulating lipocalin‐2 levels are altered in the preclinical stage of AD, where AD pathology has accumulated but cognition remains relatively intact.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we used an immunoassay to measure plasma lipocalin‐2 levels in cognitively normal (Clinical Dementia Rating 0) elderly individuals. 38 of 156 subjects were classified as preclinical AD by cerebrospinal fluid criteria.ResultsPlasma lipocalin‐2 levels were higher in preclinical AD compared with control subjects and associated with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid‐beta42 levels but not cerebrospinal fluid tau or phosphorylated‐tau181 levels. Exploratory analyses revealed that plasma lipocalin‐2 was associated with executive function but not episodic memory.DiscussionCollectively, these results raise the possibility that circulating lipocalin‐2 is involved early in AD pathogenesis and may represent an early blood biomarker of amyloid‐beta pathology.
Incidence of mild cognitive impairment in World Trade Center responders: Long‐term consequences of re‐experiencing the events on 9/11/2001
Authors: Clouston Sean A.P. , Diminich Erica D. , Kotov Roman , Pietrzak Robert H. , Richards Marcus , Spiro Avron , Deri Yael , Carr Melissa , Yang Xiaohua , Gandy Sam , Sano Mary , Bromet Evelyn J. , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether World Trade Center (WTC) exposures and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were associated with incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a longitudinal analysis of a prospective cohort study of WTC responders.MethodsIncidence of MCI was assessed in a clinical sample of WTC responders (N= 1800) who were cognitively intact at baseline assessment. Crude incidence rates were calculated and compared to population estimates using standardized incidence ratios. Multivariable analyses used Cox proportional‐hazards regression.ResultsResponders were 53.1 years old (SD = 7.9) at baseline. Among eligible cognitively intact responders, 255 (14.2%) developed MCI at follow‐up. Incidence of MCI was higher than expected based on expectations from prior published research. Incidence was higher among those with increased PTSD symptom severity, and prolonged exposure was a risk factor in apolipoprotein‐ε4 carriers.ConclusionsPTSD and prolonged WTC exposures were associated with increased incidence of MCI in WTC responders, results that may portend future high rates of dementia in WTC‐exposed responders.
Tau pathology in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Ziontz Jacob , Bilgel Murat , Shafer Andrea T. , Moghekar Abhay , Elkins Wendy , Helphrey Jessica , Gomez Gabriela , June Danielle , McDonald Michael A. , Dannals Robert F. , Azad Babak Behnam , Ferrucci Luigi , Wong Dean F. , Resnick Susan M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionTau pathology, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, is observed in the brains of virtually all individuals over 70 years.MethodsUsing 18F‐AV‐1451 (18F‐flortaucipir) positron emission tomography, we evaluated tau pathology in 54 cognitively normal participants (mean age: 77.5 years, SD: 8.9) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. We assessed associations between positron emission tomography signal and age, sex, race, and amyloid positivity. We investigated relationships between regional signal and retrospective rates of change in regional volumes and cognitive function adjusting for age, sex, and amyloid status.ResultsGreater age, male sex, black race, and amyloid positivity were associated with higher 18F‐AV‐1451 retention in distinct brain regions. Retention in the entorhinal cortex was associated with lower entorhinal volume (β = −1.124, SE = 0.485, P = .025) and a steeper decline in memory performance (β = −0.086, SE = 0.039, P = .029).DiscussionAssessment of medial temporal tau pathology will provide insights into early structural brain changes associated with later cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Quantitative gait, cognitive decline, and incident dementia: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Darweesh Sirwan K.L. , Licher Silvan , Wolters Frank J. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Ikram M. Kamran , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPoor gait has recently emerged as a potential prodromal feature of cognitive decline and dementia. We assessed to what extent various aspects of poor gait are independently associated with cognitive decline and incident dementia.MethodsWe leveraged detailed quantitative gait (GAITRite™) and cognitive assessments in 4258 dementia‐free participants (median age 67 years, 55% women) of the population‐based Rotterdam Study (baseline 2009–2013). We summarized 30 gait parameters into seven mutually independent gait domains and a Global Gait score. Participants underwent follow‐up cognitive assessments between 2014 and 2016 and were followed up for incident dementia until 2016 (median 4 years).ResultsThree independent gait domains (Base of Support, Pace, and Rhythm) and Global Gait were associated with cognitive decline. Two independent gait domains (Pace and Variability) and Global Gait were associated with incident dementia. Associations of gait with cognitive decline and incident dementia were only present in individuals who had been cognitively unimpaired at baseline.DiscussionPoor performance on several independent gait domains precedes cognitive decline and incident dementia.
A Gift from the Buddhist Monastery: The Role of Buddhist Medical Practices in the Assimilation of the Opium Poppy in Chinese Medicine during the Song Dynasty (960–1279)
Authors: Canton-Alvarez Jose A. 
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to critically appraise the incorporation of opium poppy into medical practice in Song-dynasty China. By analysing materia medica and formularies, along with non-medical sources from the Song period, this study sheds light on the role of Chinese Buddhist monasteries in the process of incorporation of foreign plants into Chinese medicine. It argues that Buddhist monasteries played a significant role in the evolution of the use of opium poppy in Song dynasty medicine. This is because the consumption practices in Buddhist monasteries inspired substantial changes in the medical application of the flower during the Southern Song dynasty. While, at the beginning of Song dynasty, court scholars incorporated opium poppy into official materia medica in order to treat disorders such ashuangdan andxiaoke, as well as cinnabar poisoning, this study of the later Song medical treatises shows how opium poppy was repurposed to treat symptoms such as diarrhoea, coughing and spasms. Such a shift in the medical use of the poppy occurred after Chinese literati and doctors became acquainted with the role of the flower in the diet and medical practices of Buddhist monks across China. Therefore, the case study of the medical application of opium poppy during the Song dynasty provides us with insights into how the spread of certain practices in Buddhist monasteries might have contributed to the change in both professional medical practices and daily-life healthcare in local communities in that period.