bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A costly chemical trait: phenotypic condition dependence of cuticular hydrocarbons in a dung beetle
Authors: Berson Jacob D. , Simmons Leigh W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChemical traits are increasingly recognized as important cues used in mate choice. For example, the cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of insects have been shown to influence mating success in a range of taxa. Less is known, however, about how CHCs are expressed in proportion to an individual's condition, and consequently whether CHCs can function as condition‐dependent signals of quality. We investigated this question using the dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus. CHCs are subject to sexual selection in this species through mate choice. A dietary manipulation revealed condition dependence of CHC expression for both sexes: dietary restriction decreased overall CHC production and altered the composition of CHCs. Furthermore, CHC production was associated with a measure of condition in beetles fed a limited diet but not those fed ad libitum. These results implicate a resource cost to CHC production that is likely to result in trade‐offs with other fitness components in this species, as these respond similarly to a dietary restriction. The CHC profiles showed sexual dimorphism: males produced more CHCs and the sexes differed in the blend of compounds they produced. There was evidence for a male dimorphism in the CHC profile, in line with the presence of the alternative reproductive tactics (minor sneaks and major fighters) in this species. However, rather than mimicking a female CHC profile, minor males differed more from females than major males. Our results suggest that CHCs are a costly trait in O. taurus that has the potential to act as a condition‐dependent signal of quality.
Death penalty decision‐making: Fundamentalist beliefs and the evaluation of aggravating and mitigating circumstances
Authors: Yelderman Logan A. , West Matthew P. , Miller Monica K. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeJurors’ religious characteristics are related to death penalty attitudes and verdicts. Jurors’ religious characteristics might also relate to endorsements of aggravating circumstances (aggravators) and mitigating circumstances (mitigators)—factors that make a defendant more or less deserving of the death penalty, respectively. The purpose of this research was to assess the extent to which religious fundamentalism was related to endorsement and weighing of aggravators and mitigators and subsequent death penalty decisions while controlling for relevant religious and demographic characteristics.MethodsTwo studies were conducted. Study 1 included a regression analysis in which participants filled out religious and demographic measures via an online survey. In Study 2, participants acted as mock jurors in a death penalty trial in which the defendant was already found guilty. Mock jurors read the case facts and attorney arguments and then weighed aggravators and mitigators before recommending a sentence for the defendant.ResultsIn Study 1, fundamentalism negatively predicted mitigator endorsement, intrinsic religiosity negatively predicted aggravator endorsement, and orthodoxy positively predicted aggravator endorsement. In Study 2, fundamentalism was related to death penalty sentences, and this was mediated by people's weighing of aggravators and mitigators. Specifically, fundamentalism was related to a lower likelihood of choosing a life sentence because fundamentalism was negatively related to weighing mitigators over aggravators.ConclusionsResults support and explain prior research linking fundamentalism with punitiveness in death penalty cases. Such findings support the “eye for an eye” punishment philosophy associated with fundamentalist beliefs. Theoretical and legal implications are discussed.
The actinobacterial WhiB‐like (Wbl) family of transcription factors
Authors: Bush Matthew J. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe WhiB‐like (Wbl) family of proteins are exclusively found in Actinobacteria. Wbls have been shown to play key roles in virulence and antibiotic resistance in Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria, reflecting their importance during infection by the human pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. In the antibiotic‐producing Streptomyces, several Wbls have important roles in the regulation of morphological differentiation, including WhiB, a protein that controls the initiation of sporulation septation and the founding member of the Wbl family. In recent years, genome sequencing has revealed the prevalence of Wbl paralogues in species throughout the Actinobacteria. Wbl proteins are small (generally ~80–140 residues) and each contains four invariant cysteine residues that bind an O2‐ and NO‐sensitive [4Fe–4S] cluster, raising the question as to how they can maintain distinct cellular functions within a given species. Despite their discovery over 25 years ago, the Wbl protein family has largely remained enigmatic. Here I summarise recent research in Mycobacteria, Corynebacteria and Streptomyces that sheds light on the biochemical function of Wbls as transcription factors and as potential sensors of O2 and NO. I suggest that Wbl evolution has created diversity in protein–protein interactions, [4Fe–4S] cluster‐sensitivity and the ability to bind DNA.
Managerial and Employee Conflict Communication in Papua New Guinea: Application of the Culture‐Based Social Ecological Conflict Model
Authors: Tommy Polang Forenuwe , Oetzel John G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFramed by the culture‐based social ecological conflict model (CBSECM), this study examines individuals’ accounts of conflict communication in Papua New Guinea (PNG) between Chinese managers andPNGemployees. In‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 participants: six Chinese managers and eightPNGemployees. The findings show that primary orientation elements of face and power distance and situational features of labor laws and family obligations shape reported conflict communication strategies.PNGemployees tended to submit to managers even when they felt wrongly accused given their cultural orientations and situational constraints. To express dissent, these employees often used indirect, passive resistance strategies. Chinese managers reported using competition to resolve conflicts. The resulting conflict outcomes are distrust and dissatisfaction and have potential negative implications for intercultural relations and organizational success. The study contributes to theCBSECMby illuminating some of the multilevel effects proposed in the model.
Sweaty feet in adolescents—Early use of botulinum type A toxin in juvenile plantar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Bernhard Matthias K. , Krause Matthias , Syrbe Steffen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPlantar hyperhidrosis can have severe social effects on children and adolescents. Therapeutic options include antiperspirants and surgical interventions (eg, sympathectomy). Botulinum type A toxin is approved for axillary hyperhidrosis in adults only. The aim of the study was the determination of effect and safety of botulinum type A toxin in plantar hyperhidrosis in juvenile patients.MethodsChildren and adolescents with idiopathic focal plantar hyperhidrosis were treated with 50‐100 U of botulinum type A toxin per sole. Local anesthesia was provided using topical eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream and ice, in combination with midazolam as an anxiolytic.ResultsFifteen patients (aged 12‐17) were included in the study. Best results were achieved with a dose of 75‐100 U of botulinum type A toxin per sole. Two patients did not benefit from the therapy, and 11 (73%) were satisfied with the results. Nine patients (60%) experienced pain at the injection site for a maximum duration of 3 days. One patient reported transient focal weakness for 4 weeks.ConclusionBotulinum type A toxin seems to be a safe secondary treatment option for plantar hyperhidrosis in adolescents aged 12 and older. A dose of 75‐100 U per sole resulted in a good therapeutic effect of variable duration in most patients. There were no severe side effects.
A randomized clinical trial of age and genotype‐guided tacrolimus dosing after pediatric solid organ transplantation
Authors: Min Sandar , Papaz Tanya , Lafreniere‐Roula Myriam , Nalli Nadya , Grasemann Hartmut , Schwartz Steven M. , Kamath Binita M. , Ng Vicky , Parekh Rulan S. , Manlhiot Cedric , Mital Seema 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundTacrolimus pharmacokinetics are influenced by age and CYP3A5 genotype with CYP3A5 expressors (CYP3A5*1/*1 or *1/*3) being fast metabolizers. However, the benefit of genotype‐guided dosing in pediatric solid organ transplantation has been understudied.ObjectiveTo determine whether age and CYP3A5 genotype‐guided starting dose of tacrolimus result in earlier attainment of therapeutic drug concentrations.SettingSingle hospital‐based transplant center.MethodsThis was a randomized, semi‐blinded, 30‐day pilot trial. Between 2012 and 2016, pediatric patients listed for solid organ transplant were consented and enrolled into the study. Participants were categorized as expressors, CYP3A5*1/*1 or CYP3A5*1/*3, and nonexpressors, CYP3A5*3/*3. Patients were stratified by age (≤ or > 6 years) and randomized (2:1) after transplant to receive genotype‐guided (n = 35) or standard (n = 18) starting dose of tacrolimus for 36‐48 hours and were followed for 30 days.ResultsMedian age at transplant in the randomized cohort was 2.1 (0.75‐8.0) years; 24 (45%) were male. Participants in the genotype‐guided arm achieved therapeutic concentrations earlier at a median (IQR) of 3.4 (2.5‐6.6) days compared to those in the standard dosing arm of 4.7 (3.5‐8.6) days (P = 0.049), and had fewer out‐of‐range concentrations [OR (95% CI) = 0.60 (0.44, 0.83), P = 0.002] compared to standard dosing, with no difference in frequency of adverse events between the two groups.ConclusionsCYP3A5 genotype‐guided dosing stratified by age resulted in earlier attainment of therapeutic tacrolimus concentrations and fewer out‐of‐range concentrations.
Assessing the institutionalization of private sustainability governance in a changing coffee sector
Authors: Grabs Janina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe potential of transnational private governance initiatives to constitute effective alternatives to state‐led regulation of global value chains rests on their ability to scale up and become institutionalized in a given sector. This study examines whether such institutionalization has occurred in the coffee sector, the commodity with the most widespread adoption of certified products and over 30 years’ experience of private governance, and tests hypotheses on facilitating and inhibiting conditions. It finds that while norm generation around responsible supply chain management and the organizational institutionalization of standard‐setting bodies is well advanced, the practice of internalizing social and environmental externalities through the routinized production and purchase of higher priced certified goods continues to be questioned by industry actors. Indeed, conditions that favored normative and organizational institutionalization, such as high levels of industry concentration, product differentiation, and deliberative interaction, are shown to represent barriers to the practice‐oriented institutionalization of market‐driven regulatory governance.
Real exchange rate dynamics: Relative importance of Taylor‐rule fundamentals, monetary policy shocks, and risk‐premium shocks
Authors: Kim Chang‐Jin , Park Cheolbeom 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe first show that the solution to the real exchange rate under the Taylor rule with interest rate smoothing can have two alternative representations—one based on a first‐order difference equation and the other based on a second‐order difference equation. Then, by comparing error terms from these two alternative representations and analyzing their second moments, we evaluate the relative importance of Taylor‐rule fundamentals, monetary policy shocks, and risk‐premium shocks in the dynamics of the real exchange rate. Empirical results suggest that the risk‐premium shock is the largest contributor to real exchange rate movements for all the countries examined, with the Taylor‐rule fundamentals and monetary policy shocks playing a limited role. These results are robust to various alternative sets of parameter values considered for the Taylor rule with interest rate smoothing.
Sports and Qatar's empowered woman narrative
Authors: Harkness Geoff , Quiroz Esther , Gomez Kimberly 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQatar is a wealthy Arabian Gulf country whose petrodollars have been spent on a series of neoliberal projects intended to boost its economy and enhance its international profile. Integral to Qatar's ambitions is an “empowered woman” narrative that situates female advancement as central to the state's agenda. Qatar has relied heavily on sports to disseminate this motif, integrating it into its national development goals, sending female athletes to high‐profile mega‐sports events, establishing government entities to promote women's sports, building elaborate athletic facilities for sportswomen, and hosting exhibitions devoted to female athletes. Despite these efforts, however, studies find that rates of physical activity among Qatari women remain low due to cultural and institutional barriers. Within the literature, however, we find a striking paradox: Despite readily acknowledging the obstacles that deter female athletic participation, Qatari sportswomen and the mostly Western or Western‐trained scholars who study them are reluctant to characterize Qatari females as lacking agency. Instead, many of these parties echo the government's empowerment motif. This pattern emerges not only in research on female sports in Qatar but also in studies of Qatari women set in other realms. Narratives of empowerment may camouflage bleaker realities for Qatari women but also illustrate the tensions for Western and Western‐trained academics researching gender inequalities in the Middle East.
Digital soil assessment for quantifying soil constraints to crop production: a case study for rice in Punjab, India
Authors: Okonkwo E. I. , Corstanje R. , Kirk G. J. D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAssessments of land capability for particular functions such as food production need to allow for uncertainties both in the criteria used to specify the function and in information on relevant soil properties. In this paper, we evaluate the use of digital soil assessment (DSA) for dynamic assessment of soil capability allowing for both uncertainties and spatial variability in soil properties and flexibility in the values of assessment criteria. We do this for soil constraints to rice production in the state of Punjab, India, where soil salinity and alkalinity are potentially important constraints to cropping. In DSA, spatial predictions of soil properties and associated uncertainties made with digital soil mapping (DSM) are used to assess soil functions. We use a combination of DSM and Monte Carlo simulation methods to estimate the spatial variation in soil electrical conductivity (ECe) and pH to 20 cm depth in soils across Punjab. We then use the estimates and associated uncertainties to assess the likelihood that soil salinity or alkalinity or both could constrain rice production. Results show that allowing for prediction uncertainties of soil attributes results in far smaller areas affected by salinity (1.2 vs. 2.0 Mha) and alkalinity (3.0 vs. 3.2 Mha). Results also show the importance of correctly setting threshold values for constraint criteria and the flexibility of the DSA approach for setting thresholds.
A More Plausible Collapsing Principle
Authors: Andersson Henrik , Herlitz Anders 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn 1997 John Broome presented the Collapsing Argument that was meant to establish that non‐conventional comparative relations (e.g., “parity,” “imprecise equality,” “incommensurability”) cannot exist. Broome's argument has faced a lot of scrutiny and a certain type of counterexample has been used to undermine it. Most of the counterexamples focus on the Collapsing Principle which plays a central role in Broome's argument. In this article we will take a closer look at the most common type of counterexample and propose how to adjust the Collapsing Principle in order to avoid objections based on these counterexamples. We argue that a weaker version of the Collapsing Principle is not susceptible to the classical counterexamples. Furthermore, after an explorative discussion about the intuitions behind the original principle, we show that this weaker formulation is at least as intuitive as the principle suggested by Broome.
Influence of barbed suture on leak pressures after double‐layer inverting closure of cystotomy sites in sheep
Authors: Duffy Daniel J. , Duddy Hugh R. , Keating Stephanie , Gutierrez‐Nibeyro Santiago D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of barbed suture on double‐layer inverting closure of cystotomy sites in sheep.Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationUrinary bladders harvested from ovine (n = 26) cadaveric specimens.MethodsAfter collection and specimen preparation, a 3‐cm‐long incision was created on the ventral aspect of the urinary bladder. The cystotomy was repaired with barbed (n = 13) or nonbarbed analogous monofilament absorbable suture (n = 13) in a double‐layer inverting suture pattern. Time required for closure in seconds was recorded for each test. Each bladder was connected to a pressure transducer to monitor intraluminal pressure during infusion with dyed Hartmann's solution until leakage occurred. Intraluminal pressure at time of initial leakage and leakage site were also recorded. Two‐sample t tests were used to compare initial leakage pressure and closure time between the 2 types of suture (P = .05).ResultsThe mean ( ± SD) leakage pressure of ovine urinary bladder incisions did not differ between closures with barbed sutures (42.3 ± 21.7 mmHg) and nonbarbed closures (32.5 ± 14.4 mmHg, P = .187). Cystorrhaphies were performed faster with barbed suture (307 ± 50 seconds) than with nonbarbed suture (390 ± 62 seconds, P = .001).ConclusionThe use of barbed suture did not affect mean leakage pressure of ovine urinary bladder incisions but decreased the time required to complete cystorrhaphies in this model.Clinical significanceThis study provides evidence to support the use of knotless barbed suture for open ovine cystorrhaphies. Use of such suture for laparoscopic and laparoscopic‐assisted procedures in sheep warrants caution until cyclic and in vivo testing is performed with appropriate laparoscopic instrumentation.
Análisis de eficiencia multidireccional en hospitales públicos del Valle del Cauca
Authors: Murillo Kelly Patricia , Miguel Rocha Eugenio Alexandre , García González Carlos Alberto 
Published: September 2018

La crisis financiera de los hospitales públicos en Colombia conlleva un análisis detallado de cómo funcionan los diferentes servicios de salud, a fin de detectar fallas y generar una mejor utilización de los recursos. En esta investigación se estudiaron los niveles de eficiencia de 44 hospitales públicos del departamento del Valle del Cauca, referente a los servicios de ginecología y obstetricia, odontología y urgencias, entre los años 2007 y 2014. Adoptamos un método determinístico no paramétrico reciente, hasta ahora no aplicado en estudios científicos de salud en Colombia, el cual combina el análisis de eficiencia multidireccional con otrasrelevantes técnicas para comparar grupos con diferentes niveles de eficiencia. Los resultados indicaron que más del 60% de los hospitales quedaron en el rango de poco eficientes, lo cual evidencia un inadecuado uso de los insumos (inputs). Esperamos motivar a burócratas a incorporar este tipo de técnicas de evaluación en su proceso de toma de decisiones.
Saturación en los servicios de urgencias: Análisis de cuatro hospitales de Medellín y simulación de estrategias
Authors: Restrepo Zea Jairo Humberto , Jaén Posada Juan Sebastián , Espinal Piedrahita Juan José , Zapata Flórez Paula Andrea 
Published: September 2018

Las urgencias médicas pueden saturarse debido a factores externos e internos al ser vicio. Esto se refleja en congestión, tiempos de espera elevados e insatisfacción de los usuarios. Identificar y simular estrategias para gestionar las urgencias médicas, procurando atenuar la saturación. Investigación exploratoria y analítica, con trabajo de campo en cuatro unidades de urgencias de Medellín y simulación de estrategias contra la saturación mediante dinámica de sistemas. Las estrategias utilizadas son: reorganizar el registro,remitir los pacientes que no requieren atención urgente, implementar consultorio fast-track e incrementar el traslado a pisos. Esta última es la estrategia más efectiva en la simulación. Aunque las estrategias de flujo pueden ayudar a resolver la saturación a partir de sus causas internas, como lo sugiere la literatura, su alcance es limitado. Se requieren estrategias de entrada, que no están al alcance del ser vicio, y estrategias de salida del sistema hospitalario. Es posible disminuir la saturación, concibiendo las urgencias y el hospitalcomo dos elementos de un mismo sistema, de modo que se agilice el flujo de pacientes y se cuente con oferta adecuada de camas hospitalarias sin sobredimensionar la capacidad instalada.
Valorización económica de los cuidados no remunerados en salud: un aporte al reconocimiento del trabajo invisible de los hogares y las mujeres
Authors: Batthyány Dighiero Karina , Scavino Solari Sol 
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objetivos la valorización del cuidado no remunerado en salud en Uruguay y la caracterización de los/as cuidadores/as (remunerado o no) de personas enfermas. Dichos objetivos son llevados a cabo, principalmente, mediante el análisis cuantitativo de los datos de la primera Encuesta Nacional de Cuidados No Remunerados en Salud (2013) en Uruguay. La encuesta permite conocer y valorizar (método de costo de reemplazo) el tiempo de cuidados no remunerados en salud, así como la caracterización de las/os cuidadoras/es no remunerados en salud. El artículo muestra que el trabajo de cuidados no remunerados en salud realizado por los hogares equivale a un tercio del agregado del sector salud del Producto Interno Bruto y que las mujeres son las principales cuidadoras. En consecuencia, asumen los costos de pérdida de autonomía y limitaciones en el goce de derechosque la realización de este trabajo implica.
Adolescentes en riesgo: factores asociados con el intento de suicidio en México
Authors: Contreras Marisol Luna , Dávila Cervantes Claudio Alberto 
Published: September 2018

En México el suicidio ha aumentado desde hace más de cuarenta años. El objetivo fue analizar los factores asociados con el intento de suicidio en adolescentes mexicanos en tres momentos: los doce meses previos a la encuesta, antes de doce meses y en algún momento de la vida. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística binomial y se exploró el método del intento con un análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Las mujeres reportaron mayor prevalencia de intento de suicidio, y esta fue menor para los más jóvenes. Si sufrió una agresión o tenía rezago educativo aumentó la propensión a intentar suicidarse, al igual que en aquellos adolescentes que consumen alcohol o tabaco. La prevención del suicidio se debe enfocar en el intento, que es su principal factor de riesgo, y se debe dirigir hacia las mujeres más jóvenes, adolescentes con rezago educativo, que fumen o consuman alcohol o que sufrieron recientemente violencia.