bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-diagnostic leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number and colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Yang Keming , Li Xin , Forman Michele R , Monahan Patrick O , Graham Bret H , Joshi Amit , Song Mingyang , Hang Dong , Ogino Shuji , Giovannucci Edward L , De Vivo Immaculata , Chan Andrew T , Nan Hongmei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is susceptible to oxidative stress and mutation. Few epidemiological studies have assessed the relationship between mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), with inconsistent findings. In this study, we examined the association between pre-diagnostic leukocyte mtDNAcn and CRC risk in a case–control study of 324 female cases and 658 matched controls nested within the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS). Relative mtDNAcn in peripheral blood leukocytes was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of interest. Results showed lower log-mtDNAcn was significantly associated with increased risk of CRC, in a dose-dependent relationship (P for trend &lt; 0.0001). Compared to the fourth quartile, multivariable-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 1.10 (0.69, 1.76) for the third quartile, 1.40 (0.89, 2.19) for the second quartile and 2.19 (1.43, 3.35) for the first quartile. In analysis by anatomic subsite of CRC, we found a significant inverse association for proximal colon cancer [lowest versus highest quartile, multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) = 3.31 (1.70, 6.45), P for trend = 0.0003]. Additionally, stratified analysis according to the follow-up time since blood collection showed that the inverse association between mtDNAcn and CRC remained significant among individuals with ≥ 5 years’ follow-up, and marginally significant among those with ≥ 10 years’ follow-up since mtDNAcn testing, suggesting that mtDNAcn may serve as a long-term predictor for risk of CRC. In conclusion, pre-diagnostic leukocyte mtDNAcn was inversely associated with CRC risk. Further basic experimental studies are needed to explore the underlying biological mechanisms linking mtDNAcn to CRC carcinogenesis.
Spatiotemporal Clustering of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Is Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status and Drug-Susceptibility Patterns in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Wolf Allison , Padayatchi Nesri , Naidoo Kogieleum , Master Iqbal , Mathema Barun , O’Donnell Max R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Using an open-access spatiotemporal analytics program, we mapped spatiotemporal heterogeneity loci in tuberculosis (TB) cases (clusters) and dynamic changes, and characterized the drug-resistant TB clustering risk using routine microbiological data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The data may provide insight into transmission dynamics and support efficient deployment of public health resources.
Switching to Tenofovir Alafenamide in Elvitegravir-Based Regimens: Pharmacokinetics and Antiviral Activity in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Ma Qing , Ocque Andrew J , Morse Gene D , Sanders Chelsea , Burgi Alina , Little Susan J , Letendre Scott L 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) co-formulated with elvitegravir (EVG; E), cobicistat (C), and emtricitabine (F), a recommended antiretroviral regimen, was evaluated for distribution and antiviral activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as neurocognitive (NC) performance change in participants switching from E/C/F/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to E/C/F/TAF.MethodsThis was a 24-week, single-arm, open-label study in treatment-experienced adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nine participants switched from E/C/F/TDF (150/150/200/300 mg once daily) to E/C/F/TAF (150/150/200/10 mg once daily) at week 12. CSF and total plasma concentrations of EVG, TDF, TAF, tenofovir (TFV), and HIV RNA levels were measured at baseline and week 24. NC performance was estimated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.ResultsEVG concentrations in CSF and the CSF:plasma ratio remained stable (P = .203) over time. Following the switch, TFV concentrations in CSF and plasma declined (P = .004), although the TFV CSF:plasma ratio increased (P = .004). At week 24, median TAF plasma concentration was 11.05 ng/mL (range, 2.84–147.1 ng/mL) 2 hours postdose but was below assay sensitivity 6 hours after dosing. TAF was below assay sensitivity in all CSF specimens. HIV RNA was ≤40 copies/mL in all CSF and plasma specimens. Three participants (33%) had NC impairment at baseline and 2 (22%) remained impaired at week 24.ConclusionsSwitch to E/C/F/TAF was associated with reductions in TFV concentrations in CSF but stable EVG concentrations that exceeded the 50% inhibitory concentration for wild-type HIV, suggesting that EVG achieves therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system. No virologic failure or significant NC changes were detected following the switch.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02251236.
Intrusion Detection Over Encrypted Network Data
Authors: Karaçay Leyli , Savaş Erkay , Alptekin Halit 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Effective protection against cyber-attacks requires constant monitoring and analysis of system data in an IT infrastructure, such as log files and network packets, which may contain private and sensitive information. Security operation centers (SOC), which are established to detect, analyze and respond to cyber-security incidents, often utilize detection models either for known types of attacks or for anomaly and applies them to the system data for detection. SOC are also motivated to keep their models private to capitalize on the models that are their propriety expertise, and to protect their detection strategies against adversarial machine learning. In this paper, we develop a protocol for privately evaluating detection models on the system data, in which privacy of both the system data and detection models is protected and information leakage is either prevented altogether or quantifiably decreased. Our main approach is to provide an end-to-end encryption for the system data and detection models utilizing lattice-based cryptography that allows homomorphic operations over ciphertext. We employ recent data sets in our experiments which demonstrate that the proposed privacy-preserving intrusion detection system is feasible in terms of execution times and bandwidth requirements and reliable in terms of accuracy.
Use of echocardiography to stratify the risk of atrial fibrillation: comparison of left atrial and ventricular strain
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Ramkumar Satish , Pathan Faraz , Wright Leah , Marwick Thomas H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
Although both left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) dysfunction has been accepted as an important risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF), usefulness of LA and LV strain has not been fully compared for prediction of AF. The aims of this study were to clarify the associations of both LA and LV strain with AF and to compare their predictive values in the risk stratification for AF.

Methods and results
We evaluated 531 consecutive patients (median age 67 years, 56% male), with no history of AF who underwent echocardiography after cryptogenic stroke. Standard echocardiographic parameters were measured, and speckle-tracking was used to measure LA (reservoir, pump, and conduit strain) and LV strain (global longitudinal strain, GLS). The baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters of the patients who developed AF and those who did not were compared. Median 36 months of follow-up, 61 patients (11%) had newly diagnosed AF. LA pump strain and GLS were significantly and independently associated with AF and provided incremental predictive value over clinical and standard echocardiographic parameters. Areas under the receiver-operating curves for GLS (0.841) were comparable to LA pump (0.825) and reservoir (0.851) strain. However, predictive value of both strains was different between patients with and without LA enlargement at the time of transthoracic echocardiography screening. LA strain was more useful than LV strain in patients with normal LA volumes, while LV strain was more useful than LA strain in patients with abnormal LA volumes.

Conclusion
Both LA and LV strain are significantly and independently associated with AF and provide incremental predictive value over clinical and standard echocardiographic parameters. However, priorities of strain assessment are different depends on patients’ condition at the time of echocardiography.
The association between depression and type of treatments received for chronic low back pain
Authors: Zubatsky Max , Witthaus Matthew , Scherrer Jeffrey F , Salas Joanne , Gebauer Sarah , Burge Sandra , Schneider F David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Depression is associated with receipt of opioids in non-cancer pain.

Objectives
To determine whether the receipt of opioid therapy modifies the relationship of depression and use of multiple non-opioid pain treatments.

Methods
Patients (n = 320) with chronic low back pain (CLBP) were recruited from family medicine clinics and completed questionnaires that measured use of home remedies, physical treatments requiring a provider and non-opioid medication treatments. A binary variable defined use (yes/no) of all three non-opioid treatment categories. Depression (yes/no) was measured with the PHQ-2. The use of opioids (yes/no) was determined by medical record abstraction. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models, stratified on opioid use, estimated the association between depression and use of all three non-opioid treatments.

Results
Participants were mostly female (71.3%), non-white (57.5%) and 69.4% were aged 18 to 59 years. In adjusted analyses stratified by opioid use, depression was not significantly associated with using three non-opioid treatments (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 0.80–6.07) among non-opioid users; but among opioid users, depression was significantly associated with using three non-opioid treatments (OR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.14–8.99). These odds ratios were not significantly different between opioid users and non-users (P = 0.609).

Conclusion
There is modest evidence to conclude that patients with CLBP and comorbid depression, compared with those without depression, were more likely to try both opioid and non-opioid pain treatments. Non-response to other pain treatments may partly explain why depression is associated with greater prescription opioid use.
Toward spreadable entertainment-education: leveraging social influence in online networks
Authors: Lutkenhaus Roel O , Jansz Jeroen , Bouman Martine P A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Entertainment-education (EE) is a communication strategy that uses popular media to engage with audiences on prosocial topics such as health, social tolerance and sustainability. The purpose of EE serials on radio, television or the internet is to introduce new ideas, norms and practices by means of storytelling, as well as to offer points of engagement for audiences to talk about the themes raised by the intervention. However, in today’s media landscape, it has become increasingly difficult to captivate audiences as they have fragmented across channels and have started to create and circulate content themselves. The concept of spreadable media allows us to deal with fragmentation and user-generated content in productive ways, as it recognizes the role of autonomous audience members in shaping the flows of media content in the online networks that underlie today’s media landscape. In this article, we introduce spreadable EE: an innovative approach that builds on transmedia storytelling strategies to reach and captivate target audiences for a longer period of time, and that entails collaboration with online platforms, communities and social influencers to stimulate meaningful conversations. We enhance EE's theoretical, empirical and practical traditions with insights about how today’s audiences have come to engage with media and propose strategic approaches to create and evaluate spreadable EE.
Five-year follow-up of transvenous and epicardial left ventricular leads: experience with more than 1000 leads
Authors: Burger Heiko , Pecha Simon , Hakmi Samer , Opalka Bastian , Schoenburg Markus , Ziegelhoeffer Tibor 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Transvenous coronary sinus leads are considered to be the gold standard for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, in patients with abnormal coronary vein anatomy, the epicardial leads can be an alternative. Data comparing durability and performance of these 2 lead types are limited. In order to provide clarity, we investigated patients receiving CRT system in our centre.

METHODS
One thousand and fifty-three consecutive patients scheduled for CRT implantation were retrospectively analysed. From these, 895 received transvenous coronary sinus and 158 epicardial left ventricular (LV) leads. Lead-specific as well as LV functional parameters have been evaluated in 60 months’ follow-up.

RESULTS
Technical characteristics (pacing threshold, impedance and sensing) of both lead types remained stable during the whole observation period. Whereas an early revision (<6 month) was noted in 5.4% of transvenous leads, no reintervention has been necessary for epicardial leads. During the 5-year observation period, a lead revisions rate of 10.2% for transvenous leads and 1.9% for epicardial leads were detected. Regarding CRT efficacy, excellent results were achieved for both electrode types. In both groups, a statistically significant reduction of New York Heart Association class (2.85–2.13 and 2.96–2.09), increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (24.6–32.6% and 27.2–34.6%), reduction of left ventricular end-systolic diameter/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and reduction in degree of mitral valve insufficiency could be observed over the time.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data demonstrate safety and functional efficacy of both transvenous and epicardial leads. Moreover, in long-term follow-up, a commendable durability and performance were found for both lead types. Thus, epicardial leads represent a good alternative when transvenous implantation fails.
Prevalence of Viremic Hepatitis C Virus Infection by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Birthplace and Disease Awareness Among Viremic Persons in the United States, 1999–2016
Authors: Zou Biyao , Yeo Yee Hui , Le Michael Huan , Henry Linda , Chang Ellen T , Lok Anna S , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Athough curative therapy is now available for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States, it is not clear whether all affected persons have been diagnosed and/or linked to care.

Methods
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016) and included 46 465 nonincarcerated and noninstitutionalized participants.

Results
Viremic HCV prevalence decreased from 1.32% in 1999–2004 to 0.80% in 2011–2016, although most of the decrease occurred in US-born whites and blacks but not the foreign-born or those born after 1985. In 2011–2016, approximately 1.90 million US adults remained viremic with HCV, and 0.33 million were at higher risk for advanced fibrosis, but only 49.8% were aware of their HCV infection, with higher disease awareness in those with health insurance coverage and US-born persons.

Conclusions
The prevalence of viremic HCV has decreased in recent years among US born whites and blacks but not in other race/ethnicities and foreign-born persons and birth cohort born after 1985. Less than half of the viremic population was aware of having HCV infection. Improved HCV screening and linkage to care are needed, especially for the uninsured, foreign-born, birth cohort after 1985 and certain ethnic minorities.
Updates to and quality of clinical practice guidelines for high-priority diseases in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Sho , Imura Haruki , Sakai Kyoko , Goto Yoshihito , Kitazawa Kyoko , Neff Yukiko , Fujimoto Shuhei , Kaneyama Junji , Okumura Akiko , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To examine the update status of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for 24 main diseases in Japan, and to clarify the quality of and issues pertaining to the most recent versions of CPGs for each disease.

Data sources
CPGs were searched in two Japanese guideline databases.

Study selection
All relevant Japanese CPGs published between January 1999 and July 2016 were selected.

Data extraction
The developer and issue date were extracted for all target CPGs. The most recent CPGs were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation—II (AGREE II) instrument.

Results of data synthesis
Among 106 target CPGs, 24 most recent CPGs were subjected to assessment using the AGREE II instrument. CPGs for 11 diseases (46%) had a mean time interval for update of ≥5 years. Among the 24 CPGs subjected to AGREE II assessment, median domain scores were 74% for “Domain 1: Scope and Purpose,” 43% for “Domain 2: Stakeholder Involvement,” 46% for “Domain 3: Rigor of Development,” 69% for “Domain 4: Clarity of Presentation,” 24% for “Domain 5: Applicability” and 27% for “Domain 6: Editorial Independence.”

Conclusions
The systematic assessment of CPGs for 24 major diseases in Japan revealed a trend for a delay in timing of update for many CPGs. Moreover, the 24 most recent CPGs had low domain scores for domains 2, 3, 5 and 6. In the future, concrete measures will need to be considered in order to improve the quality of CPGs.
Horizontal Transmission of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Isolate INRS-242 of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Srei Narin , Lavallée Robert , Guertin Claude 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an invasive and destructive beetle that causes extensive damage to ash trees in North America. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin is considered as an effective biological control agent for EAB adult populations. Using an autodissemination device with a fungal isolate of B. bassiana, our research aims to investigate the possibility of horizontal transmission of the fungal disease from infected to uninfected EAB adults during mating. Results show that the efficiency of fungal transmission is significantly related to the sex of EAB carrying the fungal pathogen. EAB males are the promising vector to transmit mycosis to their partners during mating. Results strengthen the potential of the fungal autodissemination device as a powerful biological strategy to control EAB populations.
Beyond the Cold War: American Labor, Algeria’s Independence Struggle, and the Rise of the Third World (1954–62)
Authors: von Bülow Mathilde 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
During the late 1950s, trade unions came to be vital actors in the solidarity movements of the Global South, especially in pan-African initiatives. The case of the Union générale des travailleurs algériens (UGTA) is particularly illustrative of this development. Algeria’s long and brutal independence struggle was championed throughout the Afro-Asian bloc, and the UGTA became an important auxiliary in the bloc’s campaigns to secure that end. In this essay, the case of Algeria and the UGTA serves as a prism through which to study how some of the most powerful Western trade union federations of the day—especially the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)—responded to the “subaltern” internationalisms engendered by decolonization and the “spirit of Bandung,” whether in the guise of positive neutrality or the project for pan-African unity. In this way, this essay sheds new light on the nature and role of labor internationalism in the context of the global Cold War. The case of Algeria is emblematic of the ways in which decolonization and the “spirit of Bandung” came to challenge traditional understandings of labor internationalism, whether as an identity or a practice. What is more, the case of Algeria allows us to reconceptualize AFL-CIO attitudes and designs vis-à-vis the decolonizing world. In highlighting American weakness when confronted by non-Western agency, this essay argues that the polarized view of the federation as an anticommunist crusader with an imperialist agenda is flawed.
The resilience of perennial grasses under two climate scenarios is correlated with carbohydrate metabolism in meristems
Authors: Volaire Florence , Morvan-Bertrand Annette , Prud’homme Marie-Pascale , Benot Marie-Lise , Augusti Angela , Zwicke Marine , Roy Jacques , Landais Damien , Picon-Cochard Catherine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtreme climatic events (ECEs) such as droughts and heat waves affect ecosystem functioning and species turnover. This study investigated the effect of elevated CO2 on species’ resilience to ECEs. Monoliths of intact soil and their plant communities from an upland grassland were exposed to 2050 climate scenarios with or without an ECE under ambient (390 ppm) or elevated (520 ppm) CO2. Ecophysiological traits of two perennial grasses (Dactylis glomerata and Holcus lanatus) were measured before, during, and after ECE. At similar soil water content, leaf elongation was greater under elevated CO2 for both species. The resilience of D. glomerata increased under enhanced CO2 (+60%) whereas H. lanatus mostly died during ECE. D. glomerata accumulated 30% more fructans, which were more highly polymerized, and 4-fold less sucrose than H. lanatus. The fructan concentration in leaf meristems was significantly increased under elevated CO2. Their relative abundance changed during the ECE, resulting in a more polymerized assemblage in H. lanatus and a more depolymerized assemblage in D. glomerata. The ratio of low degree of polymerization fructans to sucrose in leaf meristems was the best predictor of resilience across species. This study underlines the role of carbohydrate metabolism and the species-dependent effect of elevated CO2 on the resilience of grasses to ECE.
Another Pre-1592 Copy of the English Faust Book
Authors: Fehrenbach R J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A second copy of a pre-1592 edition of the English Faust Book, Marlowe’s source for Doctor Faustus, has been uncovered in a catalogue of books owned by a London apothecary. This catalogue, of which at least a quarter are books associated with an apothecary’s profession, was compiled by the owner himself, one Edward Barlow, and, most importantly, is firmly dated 17 November 1589/90. This discovery, made by Peter Murray Jones of King’s College, Cambridge, is the second appearance of that book prior to the publication of its only extant edition in 1592, providing confirmation that Marlowe could have written Faustus prior to 1592. But whenever Marlowe wrote his play, the medico-magical material he employed had its source in a work that a practising apothecary judged valuable enough to add to his other professional books. The complete record of Jones’s discovery is found in Volume IX of Private Libraries in Renaissance England, PLRE 263.157.