bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of phospho‐S6 in hair follicle tumors: Evidence of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activation
Authors: Sardiña Luis A. , Rubin Brian , Jour George , Piliang Melissa , Elston Carly , Bergfeld Wilma F. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in hair follicle tumorigenesis is unclear. mTOR controls cell growth and can be activated through ribosomal S6 kinase. Herein, we sought to evaluate the expression of phospho‐S6 in six different benign and malignant follicular tumor types.Methods76 cases were selected (17 fibrofolliculomas, 20 trichoepitheliomas, 10 tricholemmomas, 19 pilomatricomas, 1 malignant proliferating tricholemmal tumor, 8 tricholemmal carcinomas, and 1 trichoblastic carcinoma) and collected over 16 years. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody for phospho‐S6 was performed and analyzed semi‐quantitatively; statistical analysis using the χ2 test was performed, with P < 0.05 considered significant.ResultsAll malignant neoplasms in our series (8/8 [100%] cases of tricholemmal carcinoma, 1/1 [100%] trichoblastic carcinoma, and 1/1 [100%] malignant proliferating tricholemmal tumor) showed a strong and diffuse pattern of staining for phospho‐S6 involving 70% to 90% of tumor cells. By contrast, a minority of benign tumors were positive for phospho‐S6 and most stained in a patchy pattern including 12/17 (71%) fibrofolliculomas, 9/20 (45%) trichoepitheliomas and 1/10 (10%) tricholemmomas, involving 30% to 50%, 5% to 20%, and 40% to 50% of tumor cells, respectively. Most pilomatricomas (17/19 [89%]) exhibited a stronger, but distinctive staining pattern, staining mostly the basaloid cells with a multifocal distribution, involving 70% to 90% of tumor cells.ConclusionsPhospho‐S6 is differentially expressed among benign and malignant hair follicle tumors (P = 0.0044). While malignant tumors show diffuse expression, only a small subset of benign neoplasms were positive, primarily in a patchy distribution.
Mite‐y bees: bumble bees (Bombus spp., Hymenoptera: Apidae) host a relatively homogeneous mite (Acari) community, shaped by bee species identity but not by geographic proximity
Authors: Haas Stephanie M. , Cardinal Sophie , Beaulieu Frédéric , Forrest Jessica R. K. 
Published: January 2019

1. Parasites can affect the communities of their hosts; and hosts, in turn, shape communities of parasites and other symbionts. This makes host–symbiont relationships a key but often overlooked aspect of community ecology.2. Mites associated with bees have a range of lifestyles; however, little is known about mites associated with wild bees or about factors influencing the make‐up of bee‐associated mite communities. This study investigated how mite communities associated with bumble bees (Bombus spp.) are shaped by the Bombus community and geographic proximity.3. Bees were collected from 15 sites in Ontario, Canada, and examined for mites. Mite abundance and species richness increased with local bee abundance. Several bee species also differed in mite abundance, species richness, prevalence, and diversity. Locally uncommon species tended to have more mites than other bees. Queen bees had the most mites, and males had more mites than workers.4. Spatial proximity was not a predictor of mite community composition, despite a strong effect of proximity on bee community similarity.5. On the 11 Bombus spp. examined, 33 mite species were found. Whereas nearly half of these mite species are obligate associates of bumble bees, none was restricted to particular Bombus species.6. The best predictor of mite community composition was bee identity. Although many parasite communities show strong geographic patterns, the communities of primarily commensalistic bee‐mites in this study did not. These findings have implications for bumble bee conservation, given that pollen‐feeding commensals might become harmful at high densities or act as disease vectors.
Common oral diseases in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients pre‐HSCT
Authors: Uutela Pauliina , Passweg Jakob , Halter Jörg , Weiger Roland , Waltimo Tuomas , Mauramo Matti 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of common oral diseases between allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients and healthy controls.Materials and methodsA total of 143 adult allogeneic HSCT recipients who were treated for haematological malignancies between 2008 and 2016 were included in the study. The HSCT recipients were age and sex matched with healthy controls. A dental examination was performed on the HSCT recipients prior to HSCT. Differences in stimulated saliva flow rate (SSFR), decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index, number of teeth, number of caries lesions, and measures of current or previous periodontitis (radiological attachment loss >3 mm or probing pocket depth ≥4 mm) between HSCT recipients and controls were examined.ResultsStimulated saliva flow rate, DMFT index and the number of caries lesions were poorer in the HSCT recipients pre‐HSCT compared to controls (all P‐values <0.05). No statistically significant differences in the measures of current or previous periodontitis were observed.ConclusionsStimulated saliva flow rate was low and caries was common in HSCT recipients prior to HSCT. Efficient preventive strategies are important in order to maintain the oral health of these patients.
Separate cortical and hippocampal cell populations target the rat nucleus reuniens and mammillary bodies
Authors: Mathiasen Mathias L. , Amin Eman , Nelson Andrew J. D. , Dillingham Christopher M. , O'Mara Shane M. , Aggleton John P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNucleus reuniens receives dense projections from both the hippocampus and the frontal cortices. Reflecting these connections, this nucleus is thought to enable executive functions, including those involving spatial learning. The mammillary bodies, which also support spatial learning, again receive dense hippocampal inputs, as well as lighter projections from medial frontal areas. The present study, therefore, compared the sources of these inputs to nucleus reuniens and the mammillary bodies. Retrograde tracer injections in rats showed how these two diencephalic sites receive projections from separate cell populations, often from adjacent layers in the same cortical areas. In the subiculum, which projects strongly to both sites, the mammillary body inputs originate from a homogenous pyramidal cell population in more superficial levels, while the cells that target nucleus reuniens most often originate from cells positioned at a deeper level. In these deeper levels, a more morphologically diverse set of subiculum cells contributes to the thalamic projection, especially at septal levels. While both diencephalic sites also receive medial frontal inputs, those to nucleus reuniens are especially dense. The densest inputs to the mammillary bodies appear to arise from the dorsal peduncular cortex, where the cells are mostly separate from deeper neurons that project to nucleus reuniens. Again, in those other cortical regions that innervate both nucleus reuniens and the mammillary bodies, there was no evidence of collateral projections. The findings support the notion that these diencephalic nuclei represent components of distinct, but complementary, systems that support different aspects of cognition.
How Firms Use Director Networks in Setting CEO Pay
Authors: Cherry Ian , Gatchev Vladimir A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe examine how firms use the network of overlapping directorships to determine chief executive officer (CEO) compensation. We contribute to related work by empirically exploring two competing hypotheses. In the first hypothesis, networks propagate relevant information used to establish good pay practices. In the second hypothesis, director networks are used opportunistically to benefit the CEO. The empirical findings are generally consistent with the first hypothesis. Yet, the importance of director networks is reduced when the CEO is entrenched and when management hires a compensation consultant. The latter finding is especially pronounced when director networks predict a reduction in CEO pay.
Understanding subgroup differences with general mental ability tests in employment selection: Exploring socio‐cultural factors across inter‐generational groups
Authors: Hausdorf Peter A. , Robie Chet 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn employment selection, general mental ability (GMA) tests predict training and job performance but also lead to subgroup differences which in turn can produce adverse impact against minority groups. Although researchers have explored genetic, developmental, and environmental explanations for ethnic group differences, few studies have explored socio‐cultural factors comparing immigrant and non‐immigrant job applicants. Given that many ethnic job applicants may also be immigrants, understanding these factors can provide insight into GMA test score differences. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of individual and socio‐cultural factors on GMA test scores with immigrant and non‐immigrant bus driver applicants. This is the first study of its kind to our knowledge that has attempted to disentangle the effects of socio‐cultural factors from race/ethnicity in the study of subgroup differences. Incorporating these variables between non‐visible minority and minority groups accounted for considerable variance in GMA test scores across groups. The implications of focusing on socio‐cultural variables to enhance our understanding of subgroup differences are discussed. Our results specifically suggest that practitioners attend to the issue of the intersecting grounds of potential discrimination when using GMA tests in personnel selection.
Interview etiquette and hiring outcomes
Authors: Tews Michael J. , Stafford Kathryn , Michel John W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite the presumed importance of interview etiquette, research examining its relationship with hiring outcomes has been relatively limited. As a step toward validating its importance, two studies were conducted to assess the influence of interview etiquette on hiring outcomes relative to other predictors. In the first study, the impact of interview etiquette was demonstrated to be similar to that of interview answer quality in influencing recruiters’ perceptions of employment suitability. Moreover, a significant interaction was found, whereby interview etiquette mattered more when interview answer quality was also high. In the second study, interview etiquette was demonstrated to explain incremental variance in job offers beyond other impression management strategies (i.e., ingratiation and self‐promotion) and biographical data (i.e., work experience, academic achievement, and extracurricular involvement). Overall, these findings provide evidence that interview etiquette bears a significant relationship with hiring outcomes, signaling its value beyond other credentials and impression management tactics.
Effectiveness of a visual‐verbal integration model in training parents and their preschool children with intellectual and developmental disabilities to dispense a pea‐sized amount of fluoridated toothpaste
Authors: Zhou Ni , Wong Hai Ming , McGrath Colman 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundA visual‐verbal integration model (VVIM) was used to train parents and their children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to dispense a pea‐sized amount of fluoridated toothpaste, aiming to balance the occurrence of dental caries and fluorosis.MethodParticipants were 370 pairs of IDD preschool children and their parents. A two‐phase pre‐post‐intervention study was performed. The weight of toothpaste was calculated by a portable electronic compact balance.ResultsA quarter of parents and <20% children dispensed the appropriate amount at baseline. Almost 85% parents and 50% children achieved the pea‐sized amount after intervention. Half of the children continued to use the recommended toothpaste amount after 6 months. Children with higher intellectual functioning and conceptual skills were more likely to dispense the pea‐sized amount of toothpaste.ConclusionsVisual‐verbal integration model training had a desired impact on parents’ toothpaste‐dispensing performance. Children with higher adaptive skills may benefit from VVIM training.
Association of interleukin‐27 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression
Authors: Pang Xiao‐Xia , Luo Shun‐Da , Zhang Ting , Shi Feng , Wang Chun‐Fang , Chen Xing‐Hong , Wei Yu‐Xia , Qin Li , Wei Jing‐Xi , Luo Xiao‐Qiong , Wang Jun‐Li 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInterleukin‐27 (IL‐27) gene polymorphisms are linked to infectious disease susceptibility and IL‐27 plasma level is associated with HIV infection. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between IL‐27 polymorphisms and susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression. A total of 300 patients with HIV infection (48 long‐term nonprogressors and 252 typical progressors) and 300 healthy controls were genotyped for three IL‐27 polymorphisms, rs17855750, rs181206, rs40837 which were performed by using multiple single nucleotide primer extension technique. Significant association was found between IL‐27 rs40837 polymorphisms with susceptibility to HIV infection (AG vs AA: adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI, 1.11‐2.30, P = 0.012; AG+GG vs AA: adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.02‐2.03, P = 0.038) and disease progression (LTNP: AG vs AA: adjusted OR = 2.33, 95% CI, 1.13‐4.80, P = 0.021; TP: AG vs AA: adjusted OR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.04‐2.24, P = 0.030). Serum IL‐27 levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (P < 0.001). There were lower serum IL‐27 levels in TPs than in LTNPs (P < 0.001). We further found that LTNPs with rs40837 AG or GG genotype had lower serum IL‐27 levels than with AA genotype (P < 0.05). The CD4+T counts in cases were significantly lower than controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, individuals with rs40837 AG genotype had lower CD4+T counts than with AA genotype in cases (P < 0.05). In addition, CD4+T counts in TPs were significantly lower than LTNPs (P < 0.001). IL‐27 rs40837 polymorphism might influence the susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression probably by regulating the level of serum IL‐27 or the quantity of CD4+T.
Acne relapses: impact on quality of life and productivity
Authors: Dreno B. , Bordet C. , Seite S. , Taieb C. ,   for the ‘Registre Acné’ Dermatologists
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a common skin disease that mostly affects teenagers, with a negative impact on quality of life. Recently, adult acne and acne relapses have increased in frequency, for yet unknown reasons.ObjectiveThis non‐interventional, real‐life study sought to investigate the rate of acne relapses and their impact on quality of life and productivity (loss/absenteeism) among teenagers and adults.MethodsAn online self‐administered questionnaire was proposed to ≥15‐year‐olds suffering from acne who spontaneously consulted their dermatologist. To ensure homogeneous assessment of acne severity, the global acne severity scale was applied. Quality of life was assessed via Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), SF12‐physical score and SF12‐mental score questionnaires. Productivity loss or absenteeism in middle/high school was estimated based on the number of days off work or school over the last 30 days.ResultsOverall, 1048 questionnaires were considered assessable, with 448 (43%) mild acne, 434 (41%) moderate acne and 166 (16%) severe acne. Overall, 755 (72%) participants were in middle/high school, 267 (25%) employed and 26 (3%) with no professional activity. Considering the population by age groups, 68% (n = 716) were ≤20‐year‐olds and 32% (n = 332) >20‐year‐olds, with a mean age of 20.26 (SD: 7.43) years. Acne relapses were reported by 44% of respondents. Analyses revealed that poorer quality of life scores was observed in acne relapsers vs. non‐relapsers, with a significant difference for CADI scores (P < 0.01) in >20‐year‐olds. Acne‐related absenteeism was recorded in 5.7% of cases. On multivariate analyses, after adjusting for other variables, acne relapse was proven a significant determinant of absenteeism/productivity loss.ConclusionThis real‐life study first demonstrated acne relapse rates of 44%, which appeared to be generation‐dependent, affecting 39.9% of ≤20‐year‐olds vs. 53.3% of >20‐year‐olds. Acne relapses were significantly associated with impaired quality of life and productivity loss/absenteeism.
Juvenile ecthyma gangrenosum caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealing an underlying neutropenia: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wuyts L. , Wojciechowski M. , Maes P. , Matthieu L. , Lambert J. , Aerts O. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEcthyma gangrenosum (EG) is characterized by the occurrence of erythematous, violaceous or haemorrhagic macules and/or vesicles, often evolving into necrotic ulcers, with a central grey–black eschar. It is a rare skin condition, usually occurring in immunocompromised patients suffering from bacterial sepsis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, seemingly healthy children have been diagnosed with this skin disease as well.ObjectivesWe report the workup of a case of vulvar EG caused by P. aeruginosa in a toddler, which led to a diagnosis of an underlying neutropenia. Moreover, we provide a brief literature review on those cases of EG where an underlying primary immunodeficiency, neutropenia in particular, was eventually diagnosed.MethodsA one‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old girl presented with a history of recurrent (respiratory) infections and the sporadic occurrence of purpuric, vulvar ulcers. Workup consisted of microbiological and haematological investigations, including repeated blood analyses.ResultsBacterial swabs from the vulvar ulcers showed the growth of P. aeruginosa. No concomitant sepsis was present, but laboratory investigations pointed towards a cyclic neutropenia, coinciding with the occurrence of the EG lesions. Topical gentamicin ointment allowed the skin lesions to heal faster. Following the administration of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), the girl experienced less infections in general and had no recurrence of EG lesions in particular. Treatment with G‐CSF could eventually be stopped, and the neutropenia, ultimately transient in nature, completely resolved.ConclusionChildren presenting with (anogenital) EG should always alert a physician to consider a potentially underlying immunodeficiency, neutropenia in particular.
Trichoscopic signs in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative study with 109 patients and 305 healthy controls
Authors: Suchonwanit P. , Udompanich S. , Thadanipon K. , Chanprapaph K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundHair and scalp involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can manifest as scarring alopecia, non‐scarring alopecia or scalp/hair shaft changes without apparent hair loss. While trichoscopic signs in chronic cutaneous lupus are well established, data on SLE patients with normal‐looking or non‐scarring scalp are limited.ObjectivesTo investigate trichoscopic features of SLE patients without chronic cutaneous scalp lesions and compare the findings with normal controls, as well as determine which feature associates with systemic disease. Furthermore, we aim to explore different clinical presentations of the scalp in SLE patients and their association with disease activity.MethodsTrichoscopic photographs were taken from patients and healthy controls and evaluated by one blinded hair specialist. For SLE patients, their clinical presentations and evaluations for cutaneous, extracutaneous involvement; SLE Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) score were documented.ResultsOf 109 SLE patients and 305 healthy controls were included. Hair shaft changes were significantly more common in SLE and associated with higher SLEDAI‐2K (P < 0.05). The most common feature was prominent arborizing blood vessels (60.6% vs. 18.4%, P < 0.001), followed by thick arborizing blood vessels (57.8% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.001), black dots (47.7% vs. 2%, P < 0.001), brown scattered pigmentation (5.5% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.005) and blue–grey speckled pigmentation (44% vs.0.3%, P < 0.001). When hair loss is diffuse and severe, there were associations with haematologic (P = 0.002) and renal involvement (P = 0.027 for proteinuria > 500 mg/day, P = 0.004 for proteinuria > 1 g/day).ConclusionsTrichoscopic examination is a valuable tool for SLE diagnosis and monitoring. Severe diffuse non‐scarring alopecia most likely indicates active disease.
Crossed looks on the dermatologist's position and the patient's preoccupations as to psoriasis and pregnancy: preliminary results of the PREGNAN‐PSO study
Authors: Maccari F. , Fougerousse A.‐C. , Esteve E. , Frumholtz L. , Parier J. , Hurabielle C. , Cassius C. , Taieb C. ,   the GEM RESOPSO and the AJDerm
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile some information on psoriasis impact on pregnancy is available, very little is known on the preoccupations of women afflicted by the disease or on the dermatologists’ (D) positioning as to psoriasis and pregnancy. The ‘Objectifs Peau’ project demonstrated a 4.7% prevalence of psoriasis in women aged 18–45 years in France.ObjectiveThis project sought to further address these issues in view of a targeted action plan.MethodsA questionnaire was made available to 361 D of different types.ResultsOverall, 152 D answered the questionnaire, 50.7% working in private or mixed practice and 49.3% in hospitals, with 63% females (DF) and 37% males (DM). Over the last 3 months, the mean percentage of women of child‐bearing age seen by these D was 28.6%. The main issue addressed by D upon psoriasis diagnosis was the patient's wish to become pregnant in the short‐term (84%), while the compatibility of drug treatment with pregnancy was the issue prioritized by patients (64%). Among DM and DF, 46% and 29% reported having been confronted with an unplanned pregnancy, with their reaction mainly dependent on the treatment taken in 66%. Regarding follow‐up, 26% D declared having shared their decision‐making with gynaecologists, while 56% considered the first pregnancy trimester to be the highest‐risk period. Only 28% D were familiar with existing recommendations, with only 21% of them considering them appropriate.ConclusionOverall, 26.2% of French psoriasis women are of child‐bearing potential, in line with our dataset (28.6%). Only 56% D considered the 1st pregnancy trimester to be the highest‐risk period, with only one‐third familiar with existing recommendations. The gap between recommendations and actual practices must be addressed through policies that take women's preoccupations better into account.
The Relative Effectiveness of Spot and Derivatives‐Based Intervention
Authors: NEDELJKOVIC MILAN , SABOROWSKI CHRISTIAN 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the relative effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention in spot and derivatives markets. We use Brazilian data where spot and nondeliverable futures intervention have been used in tandem for more than a decade. The analysis finds evidence of a link between both modes of intervention and the exchange rate. In line with theory, the impact of spot intervention is strikingly similar to that of futures intervention when convertibility risk is limited. We show that both types of interventions also affect the level and the price of hedging risk in the foreign exchange market.