bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling one of the rarest ‘butterflies’ ever (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae, Noctuidae)
Authors: Zilli Alberto , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMany insect species named by the Danish entomologist J.C. Fabricius remain enigmatic due to loss of the original type specimens, sketchy descriptions and lack of illustrations, but even some well‐illustrated taxa remain unrecognized. This is the case forHesperia busiris, a ‘butterfly’ illustrated by W.J. Jones, the identity of which has puzzled experts for 225 years. Here we argue that the description and illustrations of this species are a perfect fit to a colourful moth later described by F. Walker asEusemia contigua. Furthermore, we present evidence that Walker unwittingly based his name on the same specimen as Fabricius, and that this is the only known example of this species. An extraordinary sequence of misconceptions led the geographic origin of this specimen to become thoroughly confused, so that it is currently unknown where on Earth this species may occur (although a substantial body of evidence points to West Africa) and if it is even still extant.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3D148142‐C738‐4368‐9CA8‐69789A6D3E6A.
Anti‐dumping duty circumvention through trade rerouting: Evidence from Chinese exporters
Authors: Liu Xuepeng , Shi Huimin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe study the evasion of US anti‐dumping duties by some Chinese exporters through trade rerouting via third countries or regions. Using detailed monthly trade data reported by China and the US Customs during the period of 2002–06, we find that US anti‐dumping actions against China lead to a stronger positive correlation between US imports from third countries and Chinese exports to the same third countries. Such a positive correlation is more pronounced for the products subject to anti‐dumping duties (treatment groups) than similar products not subject to these duties (control groups). The evidence is stronger for less‐differentiated products whose certificates of origins are easier to be modified and is stronger for third countries where the rerouting cost is low. These findings are consistent with a trade rerouting story, rather than a simple story of trade diversion (i.e., increase in some third countries' imports from China) and trade deflection (i.e., increase in some third‐country exports to the US). We also rule out other alternative stories, consider prior production in third countries and concurrent anti‐dumping actions against China or third countries, pay a particular attention to the many zero trade flows in the monthly level data and check the robustness to using an alternative control group and quarterly data, etc.
One Health as a moral dilemma: Towards a socially responsible zoonotic disease control
Authors: van Herten Joost , Bovenkerk Bernice , Verweij Marcel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring the last decade, the concept of One Health has become the international standard for zoonotic disease control. This call for transdisciplinary collaboration between professionals in human, animal and environmental health has produced several successes in zoonotic disease control, surveillance and research. Despite the lack of a clear definition, a shared agenda or institutional governance, One Health has proven to be a fruitful idea. Due to its ambiguity, the One Health concept functions as a boundary object: by leaving room for interpretation to fit different purposes, it facilitates cooperation. In many cases, this results in the promotion of health of humans, animals and the environment. However, there are also situations in which this mutual benefit of a One Health approach is not that evident, for instance, when healthy animals are culled to protect public health. Although such a strategy could well be part of a One Health approach, it is hard to understand how this contributes to the health of concerning animals. Consequently, these practices often lead to public debate. This raises questions on how we should understand the One Health concept in zoonotic disease control. Is it really about equally improving the health of humans, animals and the environment and is this even possible? Or is it ultimately just public health that counts? In cases of conflict between different values, the lack of a universal definition of the One Health concept contributes to this complexity. Although boundary objects have many positive aspects, in the context of One Health and zoonotic disease control, this conception seems to conceal underlying normative differences. To address moral dilemmas related to a One Health approach in zoonotic disease control, it is important to reflect on moral status and the meaning of health for humans, animals and the environment.
Lamina‐specific population encoding of cutaneous signals in the spinal dorsal horn using multi‐electrode arrays
Authors: Greenspon Charles M. , Battell Emma E. , Devonshire Ian M. , Donaldson Lucy F. , Chapman Victoria , Hathway Gareth J. 
Published: November 2018

Key points
Traditional, widely used in vivo electrophysiological techniques for the investigation of spinal processing of somatosensory information fail to account for the diverse functions of each lamina.
To overcome this oversimplification, we have used multi‐electrode arrays, in vivo, to simultaneously record neuronal activity across all laminae of the spinal dorsal horn.
Multi‐electrode arrays are sensitive enough to detect lamina‐ and region‐specific encoding of different subtypes of afferent fibres and to detect short‐lived changes in synaptic plasticity as measured by the application of cutaneous electrical stimulation of varying intensity and frequency.
Differential encoding of innocuous and noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli were also detected across the laminae with the technique, as were the effects of the application of capsaicin.
This new approach to the study of the dorsal spinal cord produces significantly more information per experiment, permitting accelerated research whilst also permitting the effects of pharmacological tools to modulate network responses.
AbstractThe dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord is a complex laminar structure integrating peripheral signals into the central nervous system. Spinal somatosensory processing is commonly measured electrophysiologically in vivo by recording the activity of individual wide‐dynamic‐range neurons in the deep DH and extrapolating their behaviour to all cells in every lamina. This fails to account for the specialized processes that occur in each lamina and the considerable heterogeneity in cellular phenotype within and between laminae. Here we overcome this oversimplification by employing linear multi‐electrode arrays (MEAs) in the DH of anaesthetized rats to simultaneously measure activity across all laminae. The MEAs, comprising 16 channels, were inserted into the lumbar dorsal horn and peripheral neurons activated electrically via transcutaneous electrodes and ethologically with von Frey hairs (vFHs) or an aluminium heating block. Ascending electrical stimuli showed fibre thresholds with distinct dorsoventral innervation profiles. Wind up was observed across the DH during the C‐fibre and post‐discharge latencies following 0.5 Hz stimulation. Intrathecal application of morphine (5 ng/50 μl) significantly reduced Aδ‐ and C‐fibre‐evoked activity in deep and superficial DH. Light vFHs (≤10 g) predominantly activated intermediate and deep laminae whereas noxious vFHs (26 g) also activated the superficial laminae. Noxious heat (55°C) induced significantly greater activity in the superficial and deep laminae than the innocuous control (30°C). The application of these arrays produced the first description of the processing of innocuous and noxious stimuli throughout the intact DH.
The Mackey-Glass models, 40 years later
Authors: Roussel Marc R 
Published: November 2018

In 1977, Michael Mackey and Leon Glass published a short paper thatВ presented and analyzed three delay-differential physiological models, oneВ of which, now known as the Mackey-Glass equation, was shown to generateВ chaotic behavior. This paper also introduced the concept of a dynamicalВ disease. In this perspective article, I attempt to place the Mackey-Glass paperВ andВ a 1979 followup in historical context, and thereby to gain someВ understanding of the very significant influence it has had across theВ sciences. This influence is mapped through a citation analysis, revealingВ both the timelessness of the themes broached in the Glass-Mackey papers, andВ of the broad influence of these papers, far transcending the specificВ scientific problems originally tackled.
Pipeline Operations Improvement With Ultrasonic Meter Diagnostics
Authors: Rasool Noman , Un Nabi Waqas 
Published: November 2018

Ultrasonic meters are widely accepted as being robust, reliable and having the ability to provide custody transfer accuracy over varied application ranges. Because of these characteristics and their inherent advanced signal processing and non-intrusive design, the meters have the capability to deliver unique performance and diagnostic information that can be used to improve Pipeline operations and Leak Detection applications.
This paper presents real time data from liquid ultrasonic meters. The data helps to improve pipeline operations including dual Drag Reducing Agent (DRA) injections, Batch Detection (BD), Commodity Movement Tracking (CMT) etc. Diagnostic data can also identify upstream instrumentation anomalies and illustrate the abilities of the utilizing diagnostics within liquid ultrasonic meters to further improve current leak detection real time transient models (RTTM) and pipeline operational procedures. The paper discusses considerations addressed while evaluating data and understanding the importance of accuracy within the metering equipment utilized. It also elaborates on significant benefits associated with the utilization of ultrasonic meters capabilities and the importance of diagnosing other pipeline issues and uncertainties outside of measurement errors.
Interaction Rule Guidance for Corrosion Features Reported by ILI
Authors: Smart Lucinda , Li Yanping , Nestleroth J. Bruce , Ward Suzanne 
Published: November 2018

Corrosion anomalies which reduce the strength of the pipeline must be mitigated appropriately. When corrosion defects have varying morphologies it is not always simple to determine the point at which the corrosion region becomes a safety concern, particularly for complex corrosion areas where multiple corrosion anomalies may interact with one another. Therefore, understanding how various anomalies may interact is important to determining the overall remaining strength of a pipeline under pressure. Many criteria for this spacing and how to apply the rules are recommended in the literature and have been studied either as the focus or periphery by several more, but no single criterion is provided as regulation. The task is left to the pipeline operator to choose the interaction rule for what is defined as ‘closely spaced corrosion.’ The method by which the failure pressure is calculated should be considered as varying levels of conservatism are inherent in these assessments.
Recommendations for interaction guidelines have been determined by either empirical or analytical approaches. The empirical approaches may be limited when an insufficient number and variety of pipes can be burst tested. Many analytical approaches are based upon relationships of remaining wall and simple corrosion morphologies which may not be applicable to real world corrosion. The source of the corrosion anomaly data is an important variable when selecting and applying interaction rules. In-line inspections (ILI) are the most common methods by which to obtain corrosion anomaly data, but each technology has an inherent measurement error and bias which should be considered. This paper will go into detail on each of the items discussed, present the current state of research into this subject in the industry, and will present a general recommendation for selection of an interaction criterion for corrosion features reported by ILI.
Evaluation of Corrosion Growth Prediction Methodologies Using Burst Pressure Comparisons From Repeated In-Line Inspections
Authors: Wright Chance , Dessein Thomas , Li Yanping , Ward Suzanne 
Published: November 2018

At the forefront of the effort to understand and mitigate pipeline corrosion is the prediction of corrosion growth rates. It is important to understand the effect of corrosion growth estimates on integrity management decisions. An overly conservative approach results in unnecessary digs, while removing conservatism increases the potential for a missed feature to grow to a threatening size. While approaches to feature depth growth have been well-established, there has been less investigation into the growth of feature lengths. A literature review was performed on the methodologies applicable to length growth, and their performance was compared to those that only account for depth growth using a sample analysis.
For pipelines with multiple in-line inspection (ILI) runs, feature or signal matching can be used to estimate the change in feature size. These rates can be used directly on individual features, averaged across pipe joints, or compiled into a statistical distribution. Alternatively, only one ILI measurement can be used and an assumption made on the age of the defect. These approaches are more commonly applied to depth growth but could be used to predict length growth as well.
To compare the growth methodologies, the study used historical ILI measurements of a liquid pipeline to predict feature sizes and estimated burst pressures determined at the time of the latest ILI. The number of defects correctly predicted to have an insufficient burst pressure safety factor for safe operation was compared to the number of defects that were erroneously predicted to not meet this criterion, and those that were predicted to be safe but later found to not meet the safety factor requirement. The number of erroneously flagged defects was found to vary the most between methodologies. For the assessed data set, using the joint average rate based on feature box-matching was non-conservative on average. It was also found that incorporating length growth did not significantly affect the accuracy of the burst pressure predictions.
Some Factors Affecting Initiation of Stress Corrosion Cracking of an X80 Pipe Steel in Near-Neutral pH Environment
Authors: Kang Jidong , Bibby Darren , Gianetto James A. , Gesing Mark , Arafin Muhammad 
Published: November 2018

Near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking (NNpHSCC) continues to be a concern for existing high pressure pipelines used to transport oil and gas in Canada. Although several studies have focused on the role of pipe steel microstructure on the initiation and growth of NNpHSCC, most used specimens machined from sub-surface locations that did not preserve the original pipe surface, which is the material that ultimately exposed.
In the present work, a series of test specimens were designed to preserve the external pipe surface and allowed shallow 0.05 mm root radius surface notches with depths from 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm to be machined and tested. All specimens were machined in the hoop (transverse) direction from a 1067 mm diameter, 12.5 mm thick X80 pipe. The specimens were subjected to a constant load of 95% of the specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) (equivalent to 80% of the actual pipe hoop yield strength) using proof rings for extended durations, e.g., 110, 220, 440 or 660 days. The results show that there was no apparent SCC developed on the smooth specimens with the original surface even after being tested for up to 660 days. In contrast, SCC were found to have initiated at the machined notches, irrespective of their depth after testing for 220 days. To provide further understanding of specimen design, the same SCC testing conditions were applied to smooth round-bar test specimens machined in the hoop direction of this same pipe close to the external surface and the mid-wall locations. While minor SCC initiation was found in the near surface specimens, significant SCC was observed in the specimens taken from the mid-wall location. This finding suggests that the heterogeneous or variable microstructure through the pipe wall thickness plays a critical role in SCC initiation for the X80 pipe investigated. It also suggests that careful attention must be paid to the design of test specimens as well as the location that they are removed from a test pipe in order to realistically assess the SCC susceptibility of pipe steels.
Operational Change Assessments: A Proactive Approach to Managing Pipeline Integrity
Authors: Fernuik Kelsey , Keane Sean , Akonko Saheed , Jomha Omer , Limming Wayne 
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a safety case program approach used by Enbridge to assess proposed operational changes. This approach identifies the impact to threats, barriers, and consequences associated with a proposed change, and ensure the safety of the system is not compromised by following a plan-do-check-act methodology.
Enbridge integrity management uses a plan-do-check-act system. A key aspect of this is the integrity plan which is developed for each asset to balance integrity requirements (fitness for service) with business drivers (risk and asset plan). Completion of a safety case provides an independent check for each pipeline segment within the system, ensuring identified risks are managed to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). Additional mitigation actions are identified and implemented in the event that ALARP is not met.
Operational parameters are a key consideration in the development of the integrity plan and include variables such as flow rate, injection and delivery locations, service, maximum allowable operating pressures, temperature and pressure cycling. The safety case program acts as a check by considering the threats associated with the proposed change to operational parameters, and then identifies whether or not the current pipeline integrity barriers for that asset are sufficient for the proposed operation, and if ALARP is still achieved based on the safety case program assessment. Where current barriers are not sufficient, actions are identified and put into place as required. The program also considers alignment to set demonstrated program performance targets, including reliability targets such as probability of failure, and deterministic targets which are used to confirm the safety case status.
This paper details the operational change assessment process within the safety case program, and discusses the benefits where the process was used.
Breathing New Life to Aging Pipeline Infrastructure Using Unique Wireline Inspection Techniques and Pipe-Lining Technology
Authors: Goudy Clay , Gutiérrez Alex 
Published: November 2018

Mexico’s Energy Reform has opened up various interesting and unique opportunities for energy infrastructure. A CO2 pipeline project that was recently completed in southern Mexico provides a perfect example of how to breathe new life to deteriorated pipeline infrastructure — infrastructure that would have typically been written off. By coupling a unique pipeline inspection method with a novel lining system, two 28-kilometer (17 mile) pipelines were rehabilitated in record time and in a cost-effective manner. The project consisted of two 12 and 18-inch (300 and 450 millimeters) CO2 transport pipelines that had been out of service for 22 years and that are a central component for a high-profile fertilizer project. Replacing these deteriorated assets with a new transport pipeline was not an option due to time, environmental, permitting and budgetary constraints. The rehabilitated system had to offer a minimum 25-year service life required by the owner.
To put this aging infrastructure back into service, it was essential to assess the condition of the pipelines with a high level of accuracy and precision which would allow for the rehabilitation of the pipeline and installation of an interactive liner to extend the system’s serviceable life for a minimum of 25 years. The challenge, however, was that these pipelines were non-piggable by traditional methods.
By using a tethered MFL and Caliper ILI solution, the pipelines were each inspected in 13 separate sections with the level of detail necessary to assess the condition and suitability of the rehabilitation strategy selected for the project. Fast-track scheduling constraints required 24-hour data analysis turnaround of reports identifying and discriminating areas of modest and significant corrosion as well as deformations including areas of significant weld slag which could complicate the installation of the liners.
Once high-quality data was available, pinpoint repairs were possible with a combination of carbon fiber reinforcement and steel pipe replacement. Afterwards, the pipelines were internally lined with a patented process that effectively provides a double containment system. A grooved liner and the host steel pipe create an annular space that is pressurized with air and remotely monitored. The system is able to detect even a small pressure drop in the annulus that would occur in case the integrity is breached, or a pinhole develops in the steel pipe. With the grooved liner, external repairs can be conducted while the line continues to operate without interrupting CO2 service to the plant.
By applying these novel solutions, the rehabilitated pipelines will transport carbon dioxide to a revitalized fertilizer plant in a safe and efficient manner for the next 25 years.