bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration in NMDAR‐related amino acids in first episode psychosis
Authors: Garip Beyazit , Kayir Hakan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to explore the role of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) related amino acids in drug‐naive first episode psychosis (FEP) patients. The medication naïve patients with FEP (n = 40) and healthy volunteers with no family history of schizophrenia (n = 35) were recruited to the study and followed up for 10 weeks. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method was used to measure plasma levels of the amino acids. The plasma glutamine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, asparagine, and hydroxyproline levels were significantly higher in the FEP patients compared to healthy controls (p values < .0001). The glutamine/glutamic acid ratio in FEP patients was not different from the healthy controls (p > .05). After the antipsychotic treatment, plasma glutamic acid, proline, and hydroxyproline levels were significantly increased (p values < .05) while the asparagine level and glutamine/glutamic acid ratio were decreased (p values < .05). The serine and glutamine levels did not show any differences with the treatment (p > .05). The initial plasma glutamine levels were negatively correlated with the initial Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) score (r = −.45, p = .003). The initial plasma proline levels were negatively correlated with the initial and follow‐up SAPS scores (r = −.51 and −.39, p values < .05). The initial plasma proline and hydroxyproline levels were both negatively correlated with the initial Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score (r = −.37, p = .017 and r = −.33, p = .033, respectively). Increase in NMDAR‐related amino acid levels during the FEP may be a compensatory response to glutamatergic hypofunction. Their plasma levels were significantly correlated with several psychotic symptoms before and after 10‐week treatment. Antipsychotic treatment has differential effects on the plasma levels of these amino acids.
Opioid modulation of cochlear auditory responses in the rat inner ear
Authors: Ramírez Teresa , Soto Enrique , Vega Rosario 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe auditory system has an extensive efferent innervation, which contributes to processes of control and regulation of the afferent input. The expression of receptors to various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the inner ear has been described, among which endogenous opioid receptors are found. The role of opioid receptors in the cochlea is not yet fully defined, it has been reported that opioid agonists and antagonists modulate the response to auditory stimuli and in clinical practice, multiple cases have been reported in which the consumption of opioid derivatives induce sensorineural hearing loss. In this work, we evaluated the effects of acute treatment with morphine, fentanyl, tramadol, and naloxone, in the auditory brain stem potentials (ABR), the compound action potential (CAP), and distortion products otacoustic emissions (DPOAE), across a wide range of stimulus frequencies and amplitudes. Adult Long‐Evans rats of the strain CII/ZV weighing 180–220 g were used. For the ABR recording drugs were administered intraperitoneally or intravenously. For the CAP and DPOAE drugs were applied by direct perfusion in the middle ear. The opioid agonists produced a consistent increase in the amplitude of the PI component of the ABR and of the N1‐P1 amplitude of the CAP. Naloxone produced no significant changes in the ABR and a reduction of the CAP N1‐P1 amplitude. Also, opioid agonists induced a decrease in the amplitude of the DPOAE. These results show that the opioid receptor activation modulates both the afferent response at both the afferent response to acoustic stimuli, and also at the cochlear mechanics as revealed by DPOAE changes. These results present a significant step in understanding how opioid modulation of auditory responses may contribute to the auditory processing and to sensorineural hearing loss produced by opioids.
Running Records Revisited: A Tool for Efficiency and Focus
Authors: Barone Jennifer , Khairallah Pamela , Gabriel Rachael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRunning records can be the assessments that teachers are looking for when searching for an efficient way to plan meaningful literacy instruction. Running records can give teachers immediate insights to guide on‐the‐fly prompting and teaching decisions to build reader independence. The authors use classroom examples to illustrate how taking and analyzing running records can save time, focus instruction, and identify patterns that might otherwise be missed during guided or independent reading. It is time to revisit and revive the purpose, remember the practice, and reinvigorate the analysis of running records for intentional, individualized instruction.
Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula in Surgery for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Watanabe Nobuyuki , Ebata Tomoki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Igami Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Takashi , Yamaguchi Junpei , Onoe Shunsuke , Nagino Masato 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are numerous studies on postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in pancreatic surgery but few studies on POPF in extrahepatic bile duct resection with or without hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC). The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for POPF in this challenging surgery.MethodsAll consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for presumed PHCC between January 2008 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed, with special attention paid to POPF.ResultsAmong 416 patients, 90 patients showed a drain amylase level of > 3 times the normal limit on day 3 or after. The severity of POPF was biochemical leakage in 46 patients and grade B in 44 patients. No patient had grade C POPF; thus, the incidence of clinically relevant POPF was 10.6% (44/416). The resection line of the common bile duct was closely associated with POPF; 23 (27.7%) of the 83 patients who underwent intrapancreatic resection of the common bile duct developed POPF. The occurrence of intra‐abdominal abscess and liver failure was significantly higher in patients with POPF, but the 90‐day mortality was similar. The multivariate analysis identified a body mass index of ≥ 22 and intrapancreatic bile duct resection as independent risk factors for POPF.ConclusionsPOPF occurs in approximately 10% of patients undergoing resection for PHCC. Careful postoperative management with attention to POPF is required, especially in patients who undergo intrapancreatic resection of the common bile duct and in those with a high body mass index.
Plato’s Error and a Mean Field Formula for Convex Mosaics
Authors: Domokos Gábor , Lángi Zsolt 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlato claimed that the regular solids are the building blocks of all matter. His views, commonly referred to as the geometric atomistic model, had enormous impact on human thought despite the fact that four of the five Platonic solids can not fill space without gaps. In this paper we quantify these gaps, showing that the errors in Plato’s estimates were quite small. We also develop a mean field approximation to convex honeycombs using a generalized version of Plato’s idea. This approximation not only admits to view convex mosaics in$$d=3$$d=3dimensions as a continuum but we also find that it is quite accurate, showing that Plato’s geometric intuition may have been remarkable.
The Diversity of Fiction and Copredication: An Accommodation Problem
Authors: Collins John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe paper presents an accommodation problem for extant semantic accounts of fiction. Some accounts of fiction are designed to accommodate one or another form of fictive statement exclusively, what I shall call in-fiction (roughly, statements made within fiction) and out-fiction (roughly, statements relating fictional things and events to extra-fictional things and events). Thus, typically, the accounts fail to do justice to their respective excluded form. A natural response, entertained by Kripke (Reference and existence. The John Locke lectures. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013) and in a different fashion by latter-day Meinongians, is to let the two different kinds of fiction have their respective accounts. It is very easy, however, to mix in and out predicates, which amounts to a species of copredication, where a single nominal receives simultaneous distinct interpretations relative to distinct predicates without creating ambiguity (Bond is a killer but remains as popular as ever). Copredication is a perfectly general phenomenon that arises for any nominal (The meal was delicious, but lasted all day/Bill read then burnt every book/Brazil is at last happy after the civil unrest). The simple problem now is that copredication appears to render all extant accounts of fiction either (1) essentially partial, in dealing with one kind of simple form of fiction but not another, or (2) merely wrong in imagining that fiction comes in categorically distinct forms, for the coherence of copredication is enough to show that this is not so. The aim of the paper is to show to resolve this accommodation problem by the radical expedient of suggesting that the fiction/non-fiction distinction is not really a semantic one, but more one between different ways in which sentences are made true or false.
Epidemiology Update of Erectile Dysfunction in Eight Countries with High Burden
Authors: Goldstein Irwin , Goren Amir , Li Vicky W. , Tang Wing Y. , Hassan Tarek A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrior epidemiology studies on erectile dysfunction (ED) have varied in geography/place, time period, and methodology. Due to this variability, comparisons of data across studies are greatly limited. Additionally, little is known about the rates of comorbid ED and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).AimTo update the prevalence of ED and patient characteristics using a single methodology in 8 countries: Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included men (≥18 years) who self-reported experiencing difficulty in achieving or maintaing an erection in the past 6 months in the 2015 and 2016 National Health and Wellness Surveys (N = 97,159). Pairwise comparisons between the United States and each of the other countries were performed among respondents with ED and no BPH, aged ≥18 years, and within the subset of men aged 40–70 years.Main Outcome MeasuresED prevalence (with BPH, with no BPH, and overall), health characteristics, and ED risk factors were assessed.ResultsED with BPH was found to be &lt; 6.0% in all countries. ED prevalence overall varied from 37.2% (Brazil) to 48.6% (Italy). Similar patterns were observed for the subset of men aged 40−70 years. Patients in Brazil were younger (aged ≥18: 43.85 vs. 52.35; aged 40−70: 52.94 vs. 56.76 years; for both, P &lt; .05) than those in the United States. ED-related comorbidities were more common in European countries, comparatively.ConclusionThis study provides an important update and outlook to ED epidemiology in Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Overall, ED prevalence is high, relative to some previous estimates. Findings from this study highlight the continued burden ED plays in the lives of men in these countries.
Testing the Retrieval Effort Theory
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhao Chaoyong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Testing effect refers to the phenomenon that, relative to relearning, retrieval practice enhances delayed memory performance. In two experiments, this study tested the retrieval effort theory proposed to explain the enhancement effect of testing. In Experiment 1, participants learned English words with their corresponding Chinese definitions. Then they were tested on half of the encoded items and restudied the remaining half under three delays after encoding (0 min, 20 min, and 40 min). All participants took delayed memory tests 60 min after the end of the initial encoding phase. The result showed that testing conducted 20 min after encoding, but not immediately or 40 min after encoding, enhanced memory retention. In Experiment 2, feedback was provided to ensure more equitable exposure across the conditions, and then the final memory test was conducted 24 h after the end of learning. The result showed that testing enhanced memory retention across the three delay conditions, and that the size of the testing effect increased with the extension of the interval between initial learning and retrieval practice, thus providing support for the retrieval theory.
Aeolian Dust Provenance in Central East Antarctica During the Holocene: Environmental Constraints From Single‐Grain Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Paleari Chiara Ileana , Delmonte Barbara , Andò Sergio , Garzanti Eduardo , Petit Jean Robert , Maggi Valter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe analyzed the single‐grain mineralogical composition of aeolian dust transported to central East Antarctica for provenance purposes. Comparison with data from the last glacial period shows for the first time disappearance of carbonates during the Holocene related to sea level rise and suppressed deflation from the Argentinean continental shelf, exposed during Marine Isotope Stage 2. Zeolites, related to alteration of volcanic glass in the subglacial/periglacial environment of Patagonia, show a similar behavior. The remaining minerals, remarkably similar between the two climatic periods, are compatible with a Pampean and Patagonian provenance, but Holocene data show a more pronounced volcanic and metamorphic imprint and presence of minerals related to warm climate weathering environments compatible with an additional contribution from subtropical latitudes of South America. These results do not imply a major large‐scale reorganization of atmospheric circulation after the last climatic transition.
Climate Noise Influences Ice Sheet Mean State
Authors: Niu Lu , Lohmann Gerrit , Gowan Evan J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEvidence from proxy records indicates that millennial‐scale abrupt climate shifts, called Dansgaard‐Oeschger events, happened during past glacial cycles. Various studies have been conducted to uncover the physical mechanism behind them, based on the assumption that climate mean state determines the variability. However, our study shows that the Dansgaard‐Oeschger events can regulate the mean state of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Sensitivity experiments show that the simulated mean state is influenced by the amplitude of the climatic noise. The most likely cause of this phenomenon is the nonlinear response of the surface mass balance to temperature. It could also cause the retreat processes to be faster than the buildup processes within a glacial cycle. We propose that the climate variability hindered ice sheet development and prevented the Earth system from entering a full glacial state from Marine Isotope Stage 4 to Marine Isotope Stage 3 about 60,000 years ago.
Large Uncertainties in Estimation of Tropical Tropopause Temperature Variabilities Due to Model Vertical Resolution
Authors: Wang Wuke , Shangguan Ming , Tian Wenshou , Schmidt Torsten , Ding Aijun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTropopause temperature (TPT) is a useful indicator and a key component of climate change. Well simulating its value and seasonal‐to‐decadal variability by climate models is still challenging. How the vertical resolution influences the representation of TPT and its response to a climate forcing is largely unknown. This study investigates TPT responses to sea surface temperatures using a series of model simulations in various vertical resolution. With high vertical resolution (HV‐Res), the model gives a better representation of tropical TPTs in absolute values and seasonal variations. The corresponding changes in TPTs associated with sea surface temperature anomalies (El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation) are 30% stronger and more realistic in the HV‐Res model. Such improvements may get benefits from better representations of equatorial waves with more realistic structure and stronger interannual variations. A proper vertical resolution is therefore essential to well simulate the stratosphere‐troposphere coupling and should be used in climate change assessment.
Sensitivity of Simulated Deep Convection to a Stochastic Ice Microphysics Framework
Authors: Stanford McKenna W. , Morrison Hugh , Varble Adam , Berner Judith , Wu Wei , McFarquhar Greg , Milbrandt Jason 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIce microphysics parameterizations in models must make major simplifications relative to observations, typically employing empirical relationships to represent average functional properties of particles. However, previous studies have established that ice particle properties vary even in similar cloud types and thermodynamic environments, and it remains unclear how this so‐called “natural variability” impacts simulated deep convection. This uncertainty is addressed by implementing a stochastic framework into the Predicted Particle Properties microphysics scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The approach stochastically varies the coefficients of the mass‐size (m‐D) relationship (m=aDb) for unrimed and partially rimed ice. Using guidance from aircraft in situ measurements obtained during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E), the scheme samples from distributions of the prefactor (a) and the exponent (b) of the m‐D relationship. Simulations of two MC3E deep convective cases indicate that the stochastic m‐D scheme produces considerable variability of anvil cirrus cloud optical depth (τ) distributions, even for the same ice water path (IWP). Thus, the stochastic scheme produces variable cloud radiative forcing that is independent of IWP. This τ‐IWP relationship variability is nonexistent using the deterministic m‐D ensemble. Additional sensitivity tests are performed in which the fallspeed‐size relationship (V=cDd) is stochastically varied, resulting in variable precipitation amounts and rain rate distributions. Results are presented in the context of satellite and precipitation observations and include comparison with other ensemble configurations using perturbed initial and lateral boundary conditions and small‐amplitude noise added to the potential temperature field.
Selective inhibition of mutant IDH1 by DS-1001b ameliorates aberrant histone modifications and impairs tumor activity in chondrosarcoma
Authors: Nakagawa Makoto , Nakatani Fumihiko , Matsunaga Hironori , Seki Takahiko , Endo Makoto , Ogawara Yoko , Machida Yukino , Katsumoto Takuo , Yamagata Kazutsune , Hattori Ayuna , Fujita Shuhei , Aikawa Yukiko , Ishikawa Takamasa , Soga Tomoyoshi , Kawai Akira , Chuman Hirokazu , Yokoyama Nobuhiko , Fukushima Suguru , Yahiro Kenichiro , Kimura Atsushi , Shimada Eijiro , Hirose Takeshi , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Setsu Nokitaka , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Iwamoto Yukihide , Nakashima Yasuharu , Kitabayashi Issay 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChondrosarcoma is the second most common malignant bone tumor. It is characterized by low vascularity and an abundant extracellular matrix, which confer these tumors resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There are currently no effective treatment options for relapsed or dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, and new targeted therapies need to be identified. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, which are detected in ~50% of chondrosarcoma patients, contribute to malignant transformation by catalyzing the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Mutant IDH inhibitors are therefore potential novel anticancer drugs in IDH mutant tumors. Here, we examined the efficacy of the inhibition of mutant IDH1 as an antitumor approach in chondrosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and investigated the association between the IDH mutation and chondrosarcoma cells. DS-1001b, a novel, orally bioavailable, selective mutant IDH1 inhibitor, impaired the proliferation of chondrosarcoma cells with IDH1 mutations in vitro and in vivo, and decreased 2-HG levels. RNA-seq analysis showed that inhibition of mutant IDH1 promoted chondrocyte differentiation in the conventional chondrosarcoma L835 cell line and caused cell cycle arrest in the dedifferentiated JJ012 cell line. Mutant IDH1-mediated modulation of SOX9 and CDKN1C expression regulated chondrosarcoma tumor progression, and DS-1001b upregulated the expression of these genes via a common mechanism involving the demethylation of H3K9me3. DS-1001b treatment reversed the epigenetic changes caused by aberrant histone modifications. The present data strongly suggest that inhibition of mutant IDH1 is a promising therapeutic approach in chondrosarcoma, particularly for the treatment of relapsed or dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.
Fasting and rapamycin: diabetes versus benevolent glucose intolerance
Authors: Blagosklonny Mikhail V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRapamycin (Sirolimus) slows aging, extends life span, and prevents age-related diseases, including diabetic complications such as retinopathy. Puzzlingly, rapamycin can induce insulin sensitivity, but may also induce insulin resistance or glucose intolerance without insulin resistance. This mirrors the effect of fasting and very low calorie diets, which improve insulin sensitivity and reverse type 2 diabetes, but also can cause a form of glucose intolerance known as benevolent pseudo-diabetes. There is no indication that starvation (benevolent) pseudo-diabetes is detrimental. By contrast, it is associated with better health and life extension. In transplant patients, a weak association between rapamycin/everolimus use and hyperglycemia is mostly due to a drug interaction with calcineurin inhibitors. When it occurs in cancer patients, the hyperglycemia is mild and reversible. No hyperglycemic effects of rapamycin/everolimus have been detected in healthy people. For antiaging purposes, rapamycin/everolimus can be administrated intermittently (e.g., once a week) in combination with intermittent carbohydrate restriction, physical exercise, and metformin.
Paeonol induces cytoprotective autophagy via blocking the Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Gao Likun , Wang Zhi , Lu Danhua , Huang Jinling , Liu Jin , Hong Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPaeonol (Pae), a phenolic acid compound isolated from the Moutan Cortex, was previously demonstrated to exert multiple anticancer effects. The rational control of autophagy has been considered a potential treatment strategy for epithelial ovarian cancer. However, whether Pae induces autophagy and the relationship between its antitumour activities and autophagy in epithelial ovarian cancer are still unclear. In this study, we found that Pae induced not only antiproliferation activity and apoptosis but also autophagy, and complete autophagic flux was observed in A2780 and SKOV3 cells. In addition, combination treatment with Pae and an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine and hydroxychloroquine) showed significant synergetic effects on inhibiting cell viability and promoting apoptosis in vitro and in the A2780 xenograft model, without severe side effects, which was often had by cisplatin. These results indicate that autophagy induced by Pae has a cytoprotective role in both A2780 and SKOV3 cells. Mechanistically, we found that Pae inhibited the protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Furthermore, when combined with the inhibitors MK2206 and rapamycin to inhibit Akt and mTOR kinase activity, Pae-induced autophagy was increased. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Pae induced cytoprotective autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, the strategy of combining Pae with an autophagy inhibitor to block Akt/mTOR-dependent autophagy could enhance the antitumour activity of Pae and warrants further application for the treatment of ovarian cancer.