bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOSS DAN GAIN PADA TERJEMAHAN BUKU HUKUM THE CONCEPT OF LAW KARYA H. L. A HART KE DALAM VERSI BAHASA INDONESIA “KONSEP HUKUM”
Authors: Pascarina Hanifa , Nababan M.R. , Santosa Riyadi 
Published: September 2019

<p>This research aims to: (1) identify what is omitted (Loss) and what is<br /> added (Gain), (2) discover the causes of Loss and Gain, (3) determine the level of accuracy, (4) determine the level of acceptability, (5) determine the level of readability of translation in the legal book <em>The Concept of Law</em>.</p><p>This research employs a descriptive qualitative research with an embedded case study and it is oriented to the translation product. The source of data consists of documents selected with purposive sampling technique and the discussion results with the informant. The documents refer to a legal book <em>The Concept of Law </em>and its translated book. The informants are experts of law study field who understand English grammar and Indonesia. The research data comprises of: (1) forms of Loss and Gain in translation of legal book <em>The Concept of Law, </em>(2) causes of Loss and Gain, (3) results of discussion with the informant regarding legal text and the quality of the translated text. The techniques of collecting data involved document analysis, questionnaires, and focus group discussion. The research data were analyzed using ethnographic analysis by Spradley (1980) which consists of domain, taxonomic, componential, and cultural themes analysis.</p><p>The findings show that: (1) there are Loss and Gain which occur separately as well as simultaneously in the forms of certain linguistics unit, namely lexical unit, phrase unit, clause unit, and sentence unit, (2) there are four causes of Loss and Gain in translation of legal book <em>The Concept of Law, </em>namely Loss and Gain by the translator himself, knowledge of specific subject/legal jargon, untranslatability, and the use of Latin language, (3) the effects of applying translation techniques Loss and Gain to the translation of legal text towards the quality of its translation show the high level in accuracy, acceptability, and readability level.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: translation technique, loss, gain, translation quality, legal translation, <em>The Concept of Law.</em></p>
THE ANALYSIS OF A CERTAIN TECHNIQUE THAT IMPACTS ON THE QUALITY OF TRANSLATION IN THE STATEMENT OF RESPONDING TOWARD ARGUING SPEECH ACT IN THE NOVEL ALLEGIANT
Authors: Sholihah Siti Fathiyatus , Nababan M.R. , Djatmika D. 
Published: September 2019

<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>This research discusses about how a certain </em><em>technique can impact on the </em><em>quality of </em><em>translation in the statements of responding toward </em><em>arguing</em><em> speech act</em><em>. It aims to determine the impact of choosing a </em><em>certain micro </em><em>technique of translation toward the quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability, and readability. This research can be classified as a descriptive qualitative research which focuses on a single case. The source data of this research is the novel Allegiant, its translation</em><em> in Indonesian</em><em>, and the two raters. Then, the data are collected from the statement that respond</em><em>s</em><em> toward arguing. </em><em>Furthermore</em><em>, </em><em>Focus Group Discussion that has been done by two raters and the researcher is used to assess</em><em> the three aspect</em><em>s</em><em> of translation quality and determine the micro technique</em><em> that has been applied to translate the statement that responds arguing speech act</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>The result of this research </em><em>is that</em><em> the application of</em><em> micro</em><em> technique of translation </em><em>that </em><em>is </em><em>mostly applied is established equivalent</em><em> technique that has been applied 172 data</em><em> 52,9 % that has been influenced the quality of translation because </em><em>he </em><em>total average of quality translation is 2,97 that is considered as a good translation</em><em>. In other words, </em><em>the establish equivalent </em><em>has a good impact toward quality of translation</em><em> toward statement that responds of arguing speech act</em><em>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>
XAB2 TagSNP is Associated with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in Chinese Population:a case-control study
Authors: Xie Yuning , Yu Yuan , Wu Hongjiao , Gao Hui , Yang Zhengbang , Zhang Yi , Zhang Xuemei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: XAB2 protein (xeroderma pigmentosum group A-binding protein 2) plays a significant role in the nucleotide excision repair pathway and transcription coupled DNA repair. Polymorphisms in XAB2 gene may effect on the capability of DNA repair and further contribute to the risk of developing various cancers. Methods: in order to investigate the relationship between XAB2 genetic variants and the risk of gastric cancer, we performed a hospital-based case-control study. XAB2 tagSNPs were genotyped by using iPlex Gold Genotyping Asssy and Sequenom MassArray. By conducting logistic regression, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to represent the association of XAB2 tagSNPs with the risk of gastric cancer. Results: Our results showed that XAB2 rs794078 AA genotype was associated with a significantly lower risk of gastric cancer compared with GG genotype with OR (95%CI) of 0.33(0.12-0.91). Stratified analysis indicated a significantly decreased risk for gastric cancer among smokers with rs794078 AA genotype compared with non-smokers with GG genotype (OR=0.11, 95%CI=0.01-0.91, P=0.040). The gene-gene interactions by multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) showed that tagSNP rs794078 was the best predictive elements for gastric cancers (Testing Bal. Acc=51.68%, P=0.055, cross-validation consistency=9). Conclusion: The XAB2 tagSNP rs794078 were significantly associated with the risk of gastric cancer in Chinese population, which proved the important role of XAB2 in the development of gastric cancer.
Material deprivation and sexual risk nexus among young people in urban disadvantaged settings in Malawi and South Africa
Authors: Kamndaya Mphatso 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: Understanding how context-specific measures of urban disadvantage are associated with sexual risk is critical to the refinement of effective HIV prevention interventions in urban disadvantaged settings in sub-Saharan Africa . This study describes how a mixed methods research design was used to get a more nuanced understanding of young people’s experience of material deprivation and their motivation for sexual risk-taking in urban disadvantaged settings. The study involved secondary analysis of data (n=560) from South Africa, primary qualitative study with 60 young people and household survey (n = 1,071) in Malawi. Legitimation strategies were used to identify inferences from the findings. Material deprivation characteristics that explained the most variance in sexual risk were determined by using logged coefficients multiplied by their standard deviations. Results: In South Africa, financial difficulty (0.16 = (log 2.11)*(0.50)) exerted the strongest effects on sexual risk followed by deprivation (0.10 = (log 1.43)*(0.66)) among young women, while for young men, material deprivation (0.04 = (log 1.20)*(0.50)) showed significant effects on sexual risk-taking. However in Malawi, material deprivation (0.08 = (log 1.37)*(0.58)) and unemployment (0.12 = (log 1.77)*(0.50)) were the most influential indicators of deprivation associated with coercive sex among young women and young men respectively.
2108 cases of thyroid cancer cervical lymph node dissection or not
Authors: Han Lin , Wu Zhen , Li Wenlei , Li Yingxue , Ma Jinglin , Wu Xinxin , Wen Wenjuan , Li Rui , Yao Yumin , WANG Yongkun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Clinical and pathological data from 2108 patients with thyroid cancer, who were initially diagnosed and treated surgically, were collected from the Department of Thyroid Surgery. Among them,There were 1001 cases underwent open operation with total thyroidectomy + central lymph node dissection, meanwhile 1107 cases were treated with neck lateral lymph node dissection at the same time.The overall metastasis rate of all patients was 57.23%. Even the lymph node metastasis of PTMC was as high as 48.97%. When the mass rose above 2cm, the proportion of metastasis increased to 77.22%. With the increase of tumor diameter, the metastasis of cervical lymph nodes ranged from 22.54% to 73.33%, which showed positive correlation.When the diameter of the tumor reached T1c level, the metastasis of the cervical lymph nodes was 56.91%, and the number of metastatic cases above T1c level accounted for 69.96% of the total metastatic cases. It is recommended that initial treatment should comprise at least total thyroidectomy + central lymph node dissection in China, to avoid the risks associated with secondary surgery and effects on patient quality of life.When the tumor diameter exceeds 1cm, the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis is high, we recommended the lateral lymph node dissection.
Hepatitis C Virus: Efficacy of New DAAs Regimens
Authors: Mohamed Amal Ahmed , El-Toukhy Naglaa El-Toukhy Ramadan , Said Ebada Mohamed , Gabal Hoda Mohamed Rabie , AbdelAziz Hossameldin , Doss Wahid , El-Hanafi Hadeel , El Deeb Hala H. , Mahmoud Seham , Elkadeem Mahmoud , Shalby Hassan Salama , Abd-Elsalam Sherief 
Published: September 2019

Background:
HCV treatment showed dramatical change due to the introduction of potent,
strong, direct antiviral drugs. Before the appearance of Direct-acting antivirals, multiple
therapeutic interventions were used for hepatitis C, but none of these interventions were effective
on patient-centered outcomes. Direct-acting antivirals cause disruption of viral replication because
they target specific nonstructural viral proteins.

Aim:
To review the advantages of efficient HCV therapy and its long term drawbacks.

Methods:
A search of the literature published in indexed databases (PubMed, Medline In-Process,
and Embase) within the last 5 years was conducted. Any duplicated citations were excluded before
first-pass screening. Citations (titles and abstracts) were screened for eligibility by a single
reviewer. Full texts (including congress abstracts, posters and other congress communications) of
citations deemed relevant during title and abstract screening were retrieved for second-pass review.

Results:
Studies on the clinical effects of DAAs for hepatitis C show better tolerance, improved
survival and fewer complications when compared to previous interferon therapy.

Conclusion:
HCV treatment has improved dramatically. Since that time, there are multiple approved
oral therapies all with high efficacy. The most important factor which should be considered
during choosing appropriate therapy is to ensure that it covers the viral genotype of the infected
patients.
Trends in Biotechnology at the Turn of the Millennium
Authors: Mozafari Masoud , Tariverdian Tara , Beynaghi Ali 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The concept of biotechnology has gained wide popularity by the time.
There is, of course, some anecdotal evidence as to what topics are currently considered the most
prominent and how they can be compared to the common perception of which research topics
were considered “trendy” years ago.

Objective:
A thorough search of exact time frames can help us quantitatively determine the evolution
of prominent biotechnology research topics since the turn of the century.

Method:
A text data mining approach has been followed to better identify the emerging trends
and perspectives in biotechnology, taking a look back at how the focus of research and innovation
in biotechnology has shifted, evolved and impacted the human race over the past three decades.

Results:
The extent of biotechnology today is vast, however, the most important newly developed
research themes and patents largely influence human healthcare, affecting hundreds of millions of
people who use grafts, devices, diagnostics, treatment and delivery systems. Even if biotechnology
is very much focused on healthcare, there is also focus on other specialized concepts, such as biofuel,
biocatalyst, food, agriculture and water purification, which have a strong influence on the research
topics studied today.

Conclusion:
We are in the process of developing the practice of medicine through pioneering advances
in biotechnology research and innovation. As companies continue to develop emerging
treatment strategies (involving gene therapy, stem cells, nanomedicine and new drug delivery systems)
that address significant unmet needs, future innovations in biotechnology research will bring
exciting new advancements to help millions of more people worldwide.
Analisis Penerapan Firewall Nftables Sebagai Sistem Keamanan Server Pada Mesin Virtualisasi
Authors: Purwoko Malik , Hilal Hamzah 
Published: September 2019

Teknologi virtualisasi telah mengubah arah revolusi industri komputer dengan cara penurunan biaya-biaya modal, biaya operasional, ketersediaan layanan yang lebih tinggi dan mekanisme perlindungan data. Begitupun di Balai Teknologi Polimer yang menerapkan server-servernya di dalam mesin virtualisasi, pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisa dan penerapan firewall dengan menggunakan nftables pada mesin virtualisasi. Nftables adalah firewall generasi baru di sistem operasi linux yang siap menggantikan iptables sebagai firewall. Penelitian ini menguji kinerja firewall nftables terhadap serangan DDoS ( Distribution Denial of Service). Pengambilan data pengujian DDoS dilakukan sebanyak 30 kali dengan tools yang ada di linux, yaitu htping3 dan wireshark. Skenario 1 tanpa gangguan DDoS diambil data sebanyak 10 kali, skenario 2 dengan DDoS gangguan ke server sebanyak 32000 byte dengan 3 komputer sebanyak 10 kali. Dan terakhir skenario 3 dengan gangguan DDoS sebanyak 65000 byte dengan 6 komputer sebanyak 10 kali juga. Hasil penelitian menunjukan saat tidak ada serangan DDoS server berjalan baik dengan troughput yang besar dan pemakaian sumber daya CPU (%) yang kecil. Namun setelah dilakukan serangan DDoS terjadi penurunan nilai troughput dan pemakaian CPU yang besar. Semakin besar jumlah serangan maka semakin menurunkan nilai troughput dan makin membesarnya pemakaian sumber daya CPU dari server firewall.
Genetic Prediction of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Calcium, and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Relation to Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Jiang Xia , Michaëlsson Karl , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE
We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to investigate the associations of genetically predicted serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD), calcium (S-Ca), and parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) levels with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Seven, six, and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with S-25OHD, S-Ca, and S-PTH levels, respectively, were used as instrumental variables. Data on T2DM were available for 74,124 case subjects with T2DM and 824,006 control subjects. The inverse variance–weighted method was used for the primary analyses, and the weighted median and Mendelian randomization (MR)–Egger methods were used for supplementary analyses.

RESULTS
Genetically predicted S-25OHD but not S-Ca and S-PTH levels were associated with T2DM in the primary analyses. For 1 SD increment of S-25OHD levels, the odds ratio (OR) of T2DM was 0.94 (95% CI 0.88–0.99; P = 0.029) in an analysis based on all seven SNPs and 0.90 (95% CI 0.83–0.98; P = 0.011) in an analysis based on three SNPs within or near genes involved in vitamin D synthesis. Only the association based on the SNPs involved in vitamin D synthesis remained in the weighted median analysis, and no pleiotropy was detected (P = 0.153). Pleiotropy was detected in the analysis of S-Ca (P = 0.013). After correcting for this bias using MR-Egger regression, the OR of T2DM per 1 SD increment of S-Ca levels was 1.41 (95% CI 1.12–1.77; P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
Modest lifelong higher S-25OHD levels were associated with reduced odds of T2DM, but the association was only robust for SNPs in the vitamin D synthesis pathway. The possible role of S-Ca levels for T2DM development requires further research.
Childlessness and social support in old age
Authors: Křenková Lenka 
Published: September 2019

This structured literature review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of literature on the topic of childlessness and social support in old age. In total, 33 articles that were published between January 2000 and July 2018 were reviewed. Articles to some extent covered topics of nonparents and their social support, social contacts, their social networks, and what are other socio-demographic factors that are possibly influencing these. There was no overall consensus on reviewed topics, but some findings emerged more frequently than others. Nonparents have smaller, but more diverse social networks, they seem to have less frequent social contacts with family, but they see friends and neighbours more often. Most articles depict childless as a vulnerable group with higher rates of loneliness. Childless elderly generally do not lack social support in forms of household help, yet their social networks appear to be less capable of providing intense care tasks. Among factors that also affect all above belong the cultural context, marital status, gender of the given individual, their age, and health status. Interestingly, within group of parents the family size, gender of children, and their proximity also play an important role in social support provision. This review also advices on a further study and development of the topic in the future.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TIME TOKEN TERHADAP PENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KONSEP CIRI-CIRI MAKHLUK HIDUP PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP KRISTEN YPKPM AMBON
Authors: Popla Amelia , Arini Ine 
Published: September 2019

Background: Education is a business that is intentionally designed to achieve predetermined goals and provide certain knowledge, insights, skills and expertise to individuals to explore and develop talents and personalities.
Method: This study is a descriptive study that describes mastery learning using the Time Token learning model. The sample in this study was class VII2 students consisting of 34 students.
Results: This study shows that there is a significant influence by using the time token learning model towards improving student learning outcomes. At the time of the application of the time token learning model, it was seen that student learning outcomes were improved. Data obtained from the research results obtained with an average score reaching 54.70 and being in a failed qualification, while the final test 91.47 is in complete qualification.
Conclusion: The application of the time token learning model can improve the learning outcomes of the concept of living things in class VII2 YPKPM Christian Middle School Ambon by showing a significant success rate for students.
KOMODIFIKASI PROGRAM BERITA LIPUTAN 6 PAGI SCTV
Authors: Andriana Dina , Widarti Widarti , Martana I Ketut 
Published: September 2019

Commodification was carried out by the editor as an effort to maintain the existence of an event program, this was also done by the editor of Liputan 6 Pagi, SCTV. The research method used is a case study. Data collection methods used are interviews, and literature studies with qualitative analysis using the theory of Political Media Politics by Vincent Mosco. This study also revealed that there is a news commodification on the news that is broadcast. Commodification of audiences is done in packaging news by paying attention to the interests of the audience. The types of workers who intersect with media workers, but media workers get comfort and job satisfaction, which may be unwittingly capable and maximally utilized by SCTV.
Keywords: Commodification, News Program, Editor, Liputan 6 Pagi, SCTV.
TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DIREKSI PERSEROAN BUMN YANG MENIMBULKAN KERUGIAN KEUANGAN NEGARA
Authors: Lumban Toruan Henry Donald 
Published: September 2019

Determination of Directors of state-owned company as perpetrators of corruption that cause financial loss to the state being debated. Actions in the framework of the management of the company's Board of Directors conduct business relationships with other companies is intended pursuit for profit purposes set forth in the articles of association of the company. If the state-owned company suffered losses in the business relationship, then it becomes a loss to the state even after careful and responsible as set out in the Company Law. Unfortunately the state losses at state- owned company made an unlawful act of corruption in the Corruption Eradication Act (Act PTPK). Establishes the Board of Directors as a subject perpetrators of corruption in PTPK Law, caused the expansion of the formulation of the notion of public servants, not just civil servants who are subject to the Civil Service Act but also includes those who receive salaries and wages of state finance or state facilities. In terms of state-owned company is a legal entity which has the property that is separate from its shareholders. When capital from state financial aid is included in the state-owned company in the form of capital stock, the capital instantly become the company's wealth. If any damage occurs as a result of the company's business relationships, then it becomes a loss company. Shareholders are only responsible for the loss of shares owned by the company.

Kata kunci: Kerugian perseroan BUMN bukan kerugian keuangan Negara
PELAKSANAAN KEWENANGAN PENAHANAN TERHADAP DEBITOR PAILIT MENURUT UU RI NO 37 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG KEPAILITAN DAN PKPU
Authors: Simanjuntak Jimmy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Indonesian Criminal Code Procedure (KUHAP) provides fundamental legal basis in conducting detention, in concern that the suspect/defendant shall conduct escapement, erasure or destruction of the evidence, or shall conduct recidivism. Law Number 37 of 2004 regarding Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligation also regulates regarding Detentions towards Bankrupt Debtors on the obligations as Bankrupt Debtors in providing important information/details towards the Administrators, Supervisory Judge, or the Administrators Members concerning the Debtors assets which then shall be managed and settled as bankruptcy assets; however this does not cover the mechanism for detention undertook by the Public Prosecutor evidently appointed by the Supervisory Judge.

Keyword: kewenangan penahanan terhadap debitor pailit
PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENGANTISIPASI TERJADINYAPERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK JUJUR BERDASARKANUNDANG-UNDANGNOMOR20TAHUN 2016 TENTANG MEREK DAN INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS
Authors: Ferdian Muhammad 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Business competition is often found whose business competition is dishonest, especially towards trademarks. In terms of minimizing the occurrence of violations of unfair business competition, the government has a very im- portant role. The government needs to conduct socialization related to fair business competition on trademarks, by: conducting education, campaigns, providing understanding, providing training for of cers in the Directorate General of Intellectual Property, inviting the public in the ght against counterfeiting and imitation, and the exis- tence of monitoring, evaluation , and fostering by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property or the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) and conducting strict reprimands and legal sanctions for business actors who continue to violate their business activities and are proven, then Law Number 20 Year 2016 concern- ing Trademarks and Geographical Indications , speci cally regulates the provision of criminal sanctions that are included in the provisions of Articles 100 and 102.

Keywords: business competition; dishonest; KPPU; legal sanctions.