bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A PSMA-Targeted Tri-Specific Killer Engager Enhances NK Cell Cytotoxicity against Prostate Cancer
Authors: Phung Shee Kwan , Zorko Nicholas A. , Soignier Yvette , Waller Rhett L. , Shackelford Madison , Walker Joshua T. , Nelson Trygve D. , Selleck Carly , Bendzick Laura E. , Kotz Laura E. , Kile Quinlan M. , Bozicevich Asha J. , Miller Sarah E. , Khaw Melissa , Shetty Mihir , Hinderlie Peter , Ehrhardt Michael , Li Yingming , Luo Xianghua , Dehm Scott M. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Kennedy Philippa R. , Miller Jeffrey S. , Felices Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
NK cell tumor infiltration is associated with good prognosis in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). NK cells recognize and kill targets by a process called natural cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that promoting an antigen-specific synapse with coactivation may enhance NK cell function in mCRPC. We describe a tri-specific killer engager (TriKE) construct that engages with the activating receptor CD16 on NK cells and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on mCRPC cells and has an IL15 moiety that is essential for NK cell survival, proliferation, and priming. We show that the PSMA TriKE specifically binds to PSMA-expressing cells and significantly enhances expansion, degranulation, and cytokine production of NK cells derived from healthy donors or patients with prostate cancer. Bystander killing of PSMA-negative tumor cells was also achieved with PSMA TriKE treatment when cocultured with PSMA-positive cells, suggesting potential PSMA TriKE benefit in controlling tumor antigen escape. When tested under physiologic conditions recapitulating the mCRPC tumor microenvironment, NK cells treated with PSMA TriKE and prolonged exposure to hypoxia or myeloid-derived suppressor cells maintained their potent function whereas IL15-treated NK cells showed greatly impaired cytotoxicity. Finally, in vivo testing of PSMA TriKE showed improved tumor control and survival of mice as compared with IL15-treated and untreated control groups. In conclusion, PSMA TriKE demonstrates potential as a new therapy for advanced prostate cancer by providing additional signals to NK cells to maximize their antitumor potential in prostate cancer, especially in the setting of a hostile tumor microenvironment.
A new clinical entity bridging the cardiovascular system and the kidney: The Chronic Cardiovascular-Kidney Disorder
Authors: Zoccali Carmine 
Published: November 2024

Background The complex relationship between heart and kidney dysfunction has been a subject of medical inquiry since the 19th century. The term "cardio-renal syndrome" (CRS) was introduced in the early 2000s and has since become a focal point of research. CRS is typically categorized into five subtypes based on the sequence of cardiovascular and kidney disease events.
Summary The Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome, as defined by the American Heart Association (AHA), describes a set of interrelated metabolic risk factors and their effects on the kidneys and cardiovascular system. This syndrome emphasizes the complexity of managing patients with combined conditions and identifies several knowledge gaps, including disease mechanisms, clinical phenotype variability, and the impact of social determinants of health. The Chronic Cardiovascular-Kidney Disorder (CCKD) framework proposes a shift from the term "syndrome" to "disorder," focusing on concurrent cardiovascular and kidney problems regardless of their sequence.
Key messages
•	The CCKD concept calls for simplification and conceptual clarity, arguing that understanding the bidirectional acceleration of disease progression between heart and kidney dysfunction can lead to more effective treatment strategies.
•	Both CKM and CCKD share common pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Managing these conditions requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the underlying risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms.
•	Future directions include embracing precision medicine, public health strategies, interdisciplinary care models, and ongoing research and innovation. Both frameworks underscore the need for comprehensive, interdisciplinary care models and innovative treatment strategies to address the complex interplay between cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
Abstract 4138282: Effect of cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters and global longitudinal strain on survival after surgery for severe primary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Afoke Jonathan , Tsai Chieh-Mei , Schaff Hartzell , Daly Richard , Dearani Joseph , Crestanello Juan , Shrestha Malakh , Bagameri Gabor , Rowse Phillip , Chopko Trevor , Briggs Casey , martinez aguilar myriam , Todd Austin , Michelena Hector , Nkomo Vuyisile , Allison Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Optimum timing of surgery for severe primary mitral regurgitation (MR) particularly in the absence of significant symptoms or echo evidence of LV impairment remains unclear. Other modalities of assessment include cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and novel echo measurements, such as LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS). We sought to evaluate whether pre-op CPET or LVGLS are associated with survival after surgery.

Methods:
We identified consecutive patients who had surgery for severe primary MR between 2007 and 2017 and had pre-op CPET. Clinical and mortality data were collected from chart review and our institutional database. LVGLS was retrospectively collected by a single person blinded to patient outcomes. Primary outcome was post surgery all cause death, and we used univariable analysis to identify variables associated with all cause death.

Results:
We included 176 patients with median age 63 (IQR 51, 71) years, 63 patients (35.8%) were female and 31 patients (14.8%) had a history of atrial fibrillation. 165 patients (93.8%) had mitral repair, 18 (10.2%) had concomitant CABG, 22 (12.5%) had concomitant ablation procedure and 14 (8.0%) had concomitant tricuspid procedure. 114 patients (64.8%) were in NYHA Class I and 56 (31.8%) were in NYHA Class II. There was no operative mortality. Median % predicted peak VO2 (ppVO2) was 89 (74, 101), median ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) was 28.0 (25.7, 31.0) l/min/l/min and median respiratory exchange ratio was 1.2 (1.1, 1.2). 73 patients (41.5%) had abnormal CPET (defined as ppVO2<85%).

Median LVEF was 65 (60, 68) %, median LVESD was 35 (32, 38) mm and median LVGLS was 18.5 (16.6, 20.3) %. 45 patients (25.9%) had abnormal LVEF (defined as ≤ 60%), 11 patients (6.7%) had abnormal LVESD (defined as ≥45mm) and 35 patients (20.8%) had abnormal LVGLS (defined as <16%).
At a median follow up of 10.2 (6.8, 13.2) years, there were 19 (10.8%) deaths. In the univariate analysis, age at surgery (HR 1.12, p<0.001), LVESD (HR 1.11, p=0.009), LVGLS (HR 1.11, p=0.013) and VE/VCO2 (HR 1.08, p=0.044) were associated with all cause mortality.

Conclusion:
A significant proportion of patients with no or mild symptoms exhibit echocardiographic evidence of LV impairment when having surgery for severe primary MR. CPET parameters such as VE/VCO2 and novel echocardiographic measurements such as LVGLS may predict risk of long term mortality and potentially inform timing of surgery in these patients.
Abstract 4138484: Exploring medical students’ clinical preparedness to provide cardiovascular care for sexual and gender minorities
Authors: Koehler Andreas , Beyer Rebecca , Nieder Timo , Briken Peer , Smith Sidney , Simpson Ross 
Published: November 2024

Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) have unique risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). A higher likelihood of tobacco use, inadequate exercise, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity have been found, driven by increased psychosocial stressors across the lifespan. Specific treatments, especially gender-affirming hormone therapy, can also increase the CVD risk. Even though SGM-related issues have been introduced into medical education, students’ expertise regarding cardiovascular care for SGM populations has not been studied. The present study examines the clinical preparedness, attitudes, and basic knowledge of medical students regarding cardiovascular care for SGM populations.
Medical students from Germany were recruited to take part in an online survey. Additionally, medical students from the UK and the USA will be recruited in the future. We used a variety of channels for recruitment (e.g., mailing lists of student councils, social medical groups). The LGBT-DOCSS was used to assess SGM-related clinical competency. Based on prior work of our research group, we developed items to assess the knowledge of SGM-related cardiovascular care and educational needs. We calculated descriptive statistics to describe the outcomes of interest.
Currently, 217 medical students (20% final-year) from 5 German medical schools participated in the study. Regarding general SGM-related clinical competency, participants scored below average on clinical preparedness (3.4/7.0), above average on basic knowledge about SGM-specific healthcare (5.1/7.0), and low on explicit bias and prejudice towards SGM individuals (6.4/7.0). 84 % of the participants reported not feeling appropriately prepared to deliver cardiovascular care for SGM populations. Most participants (72 %) only knew about one or two SGM-specific CVD risk factors. There was a high interest in learning about cardiovascular care for SGM populations (96%) and a preference to implement the issue in medical school curricula (93%). Additional data from Germany, the USA, and the UK will be presented at the time of the conference presentation.
The present study provides insights into the clinical preparedness of medical students regarding cardiovascular care for SGM populations. Despite showing a high interest in learning about SGM-specific cardiovascular care, most medical students feel underprepared on the issue. Implementing SGM-specific cardiovascular health into medical school curricula could close this gap.
Abstract 4143728: Pregnancy-Associated Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in the Antepartum Period: Navigating Clinical Uncertainties
Authors: Goodrich Robyn , Rodriguez-Lozano Patricia , Wang Shuo , Ondigi Olivia , Wingerter Kelly 
Published: November 2024

Description of Case:
A 35-year-old G2P1 female with history of drug and tobacco use presented to the emergency department at 25 weeks of gestation with chest pain in the setting of a recent upper respiratory infection. Her vital signs and electrocardiogram (EKG) were normal; however, HS-troponin was elevated at 398 ng/L (normal <5.0 ng/L). An echocardiogram revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 55-60% and apical hypokinesis (Figure 1). The initial differential diagnosis included viral myocarditis (supported by elevated inflammatory markers), spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), and distal atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Given her hemodynamic stability and preserved LVEF, the risk of invasive angiography outweighed the benefits. She was discharged with medical management and follow-up with maternal-fetal medicine and cardio-obstetric specialists.

She underwent planned cesarean delivery at week 37 of gestation. The following day, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) revealed severe stenosis of the mid-left anterior descending (LAD) artery (Figure 2A). Hours later, she had recurrence of chest pain without EKG changes, and HS-troponin increased to 7,000 ng/L. The decision was made to proceed with invasive coronary angiography, which confirmed SCAD in the mid-LAD (Figure 2B). Revascularization was not pursued given her hemodynamic stability, and she was managed conservatively.

Discussion:
Pregnancy-associated SCAD (PSCAD) is the leading cause of myocardial infarction during pregnancy. The presented case highlights the unique challenges associated with diagnosis and management of antepartum PSCAD, emphasizing the need for a high index of suspicion in pregnant women presenting with chest pain.

In PSCAD patients, invasive angiography has been associated with an increased risk of iatrogenic dissections and may pose risks to the fetus, limiting utility. Non-invasive imaging such as CCTA may be considered in clinically stable patients; but there is limited data evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of CCTA in SCAD.
Further research is needed to elucidate optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies tailored to pregnant women with PSCAD, and to better understand long-term implications of this condition on maternal and fetal outcomes. Given the complexities and unique challenges of managing PSCAD, advancing understanding and developing more specific guidelines is crucial to improving care for these patients.
Abstract Su602: Categorizing Witnessed Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest by Bystander Type
Authors: Shekhar Aditya , Stebel Jacob , Mitra Avir , Kimbrell Joshua , Mader Timothy , Abbott Ethan 
Published: November 2024

Witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are associated with improved outcomes with increased likelihood of rapid activation of the emergency response system thus decreasing no-flow or low-flow times. Current literature has largely treated witnessed cardiac arrest as binary (i.e. was a cardiac arrest witnessed Yes/No). We hypothesize there is a need to further delineate and categorize distinct bystander types; these differences may have important downstream contributions to outcomes and survival and targets for improving training and recognition. For example, a bystander who is a healthcare provider with formal training or has experience performing resuscitation may be associated with better outcomes than a non-medical layperson.
We examined a national-level database of emergency medical services (EMS) activations in the United States (NEMSIS). Inclusion criteria were any adult (18+ years) cardiac arrest activation between January 2022 and December 2023. Cardiac arrests taking place after EMS arrival (EMS-witnessed) were excluded. Witnessed status was described as unwitnessed, witnessed by healthcare provider, witnessed by family member, or witnessed by bystander. Across basic demographic variables, we compared overall witnessed rates, family member witnessed rates, and healthcare worker witnessed rates.
A total of 791,217 cardiac arrests met inclusion criteria. Overall, 62.5% of arrests were unwitnessed, 22.8% were witnessed by a family member, and 6.3% were witnessed by a healthcare provider. Across sex, cardiac arrests in male patients were more likely to be witnessed, however, cardiac arrests in female patients were more likely to be witnessed by a family member or healthcare provider (p<0.05). Significant differences in witnessed status were also seen across race/ethnicity. For instance, cardiac arrests in Black/African American patients were less likely to be witnessed by family members and cardiac arrests in Hispanic/Latino patients were less likely to be witnessed by healthcare workers (p<0.05).
Our analysis of a large and nationally-representative database of cardiac arrest suggests differences in rates of witnessed cardiac arrest and – perhaps, more importantly – the existence of different types of bystanders. Moreover, when considering these differences, there is heterogeneity among demographic variables. Future research is needed to understand whether these differences in bystander type may contribute to differences in outcomes.
Neurons as Autoencoders
Authors: Bull Larry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This letter presents the idea that neural backpropagation is exploiting dendritic processing to enable individual neurons to perform autoencoding. Using a very simple connection weight search heuristic and artificial neural network model, the effects of interleaving autoencoding for each neuron in a hidden layer of a feedforward network are explored. This is contrasted with the equivalent standard layered approach to autoencoding. It is shown that such individualized processing is not detrimental and can improve network learning.
Redescription of two parasitic copepods belonging to Chondracanthidae and Hatschekiidae, recovered from Japanese fishes (Actinopterygii)
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Acanthochondria uranoscopi Ho & Kim, 1995 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Chondracanthidae) and Laminohatschekia synaphobranchi Boxshall, 1989 (Siphonostomatoida, Hatschekiidae) are redescribed based on specimens of the female, recovered from Uranoscopus japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (Perciformes, Uranoscopidae) and Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877 (Anguilliformes, Synaphobranchidae), respectively.
On the presence of Solenocera membranacea (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata, Solenoceridae) in the Canary Islands
Authors: González-Lorenzo Gustavo , Arvelo Esther L. , González José A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We confirm the presence of the shrimp Solenocera membranacea (Risso, 1816) (Solenoceridae) in the Canary Islands. In this region, the species was only known from the capture of a specimen on the island of Lanzarote. The present finding based on a male collected on the island of Tenerife represents the second record. The data suggest that the species may be preferentially associated with soft mobile substrates, especially muddy ones, on continental shelves and upper slopes, while its presence on the hard bottoms of the volcanic archipelagos of Macaronesia would be testimonial.
Radial artery haemostasis after coronary angiography: A scoping review
Authors: Rodrigues David José Teixeira , Teixeira César , Parola Vitor , Marques Paulo 
Published: November 2024

Background: Nursing care in interventional cardiology is vital during perioperative stages, especially with coronary angiography. Radial artery access is now preferred, requiring proper haemostasis to prevent complications. Standardised protocols are needed for effective and economical haemostasis methods. This review aims to map the literature on haemostasis of the radial artery after coronary angiography, an area not previously reviewed. Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, two reviewers independently selected studies based on eligibility criteria. Data were extracted using a specially developed tool, with disagreements resolved through discussion or a third reviewer. Data synthesis is presented in tabular form and narrative summary. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews guidelines were followed. Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Opengrey, DART-Europe e-theses portal and six key interventional cardiology reference sites. Results: From 43 manuscripts, four haemostasis methods for the radial artery after coronary angiography were identified: manual compression ( n = 5), compression bandages ( n = 16), compression devices ( n = 30) and haemostatic patches ( n = 7). Nearly 70% ( n = 30) of references focused on compression devices. Nine techniques were used to evaluate haemostasis methods, with visual inspection (34 references) and Doppler ultrasound (17 references) being the most common. Only nine haemostasis methods lacked an associated protocol. Conclusion: This scoping review identifies four primary haemostasis methods post coronary angiography: manual compression, compression bandages, compression devices and haemostatic patches, with compression devices being the most frequently discussed. The variability in evaluation techniques, predominantly visual inspection and ultrasound, underscores the need for standardised guidelines. The absence of protocols for some methods further highlights the necessity for uniform standards to improve consistency and reliability in clinical practice. Standardising these methods and protocols is essential to enhance patient outcomes and advance the field.
A real-world comparison of commercial-use axicabtagene ciloleucel and lisocabtagene maraleucel in large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Looka Andrew , Qualls David A. , Matthews Daniel , Redd Robert A. , Sakellis Christopher , Duffy Caitlyn , Dela Cruz Jamie , Saucier Anna , Armand Philippe , Crombie Jennifer L. , Fisher David C. , Jacobsen Eric D. , Kim Austin I. , LaCasce Ann S. , Merryman Reid W. , Parry Erin M. , Jacobson Caron A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) are anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies approved for relapsed and refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL); however, there is currently no published data on liso-cel outside of clinical trials nor any data comparing these therapies. In this retrospective analysis, we reviewed patients with LBCL receiving liso-cel or axi-cel at a single institution in the third-line setting. From June 2021 to September 2022, a total of 50 patients received axi-cel and 37 liso-cel. Baseline patient characteristics were similar, aside from older age in liso-cel recipients. The median time from leukapheresis to CAR T-cell infusion was significantly longer for liso-cel (41 days) than axi-cel (30 days). Complete response rates were not significantly different between axi-cel (72%) and liso-cel (62%). At a median follow-up of 11 months, progression-free survival (PFS) was not significantly different between axi-cel and liso-cel cohorts, with 12-month PFS of 59% and 44%, respectively. However, on a propensity score analysis, an inferior PFS was observed with liso-cel (hazard ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence interval , 1.14-7.60). The rates of cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and prolonged neutropenia were higher with axi-cel than liso-cel. Overall, direct comparison of axi-cel and liso-cel cohorts shows similar key outcomes including response rate and PFS, but prolonged wait times for liso-cel may have resulted in biased selection of patients with more favorable characteristics for liso-cel. When accounting for these higher-risk characteristics, an inferior PFS is observed with liso-cel compared with axi-cel. These findings warrant further evaluation in a multicenter setting.
Cerebral vascular shunting and oxygen metabolism in sickle cell disease
Authors: Song Alexander K. , Richerson Wesley T. , Aumann Megan A. , Waddle Spencer L. , Jones R. Sky , Davis Samantha , Milner Lauren , Custer Chelsea , Davis L. Taylor , Pruthi Sumit , Martin Dann , Jordan Lori C. , Donahue Manus J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at elevated risk of silent cerebral infarcts and strokes; however, they frequently lack established stroke risk factors (eg, macrovascular arterial steno-occlusion) and the mechanisms underlying such events are incompletely characterized. This study evaluated cerebral hemometabolism with respect to imaging markers of vascular shunting in 143 participants with SCD, including 73 pediatric (aged 6-17 years) and 70 adult (aged 18-40 years) participants using 3-Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Vascular shunting was assessed in each patient using a previously published ordinal venous hyperintensity score (VHS) of 0, 1, or 2 on cerebral blood flow-weighted MRI. Participants with VHS of 2, indicative of the most rapid arteriovenous transit, had significantly reduced blood oxygen content (CaO2; 10.90 ± 1.69 mL O2/100 mL blood), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF; 33.52% ± 5.54%), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2; 2.91 ± 0.69 mL O2/100 g tissue per minute) compared with their counterparts with VHS = 0 (CaO2 = 12.42 ± 1.58 mL O2/100 mL blood; OEF = 39.03% ± 3.80%; CMRO2 = 3.77 ± 0.84 mL O2/100 g tissue per minute) or VHS = 1 (CaO2 = 11.86 ± 1.73 mL O2/100 mL blood; OEF = 36.37% ± 5.11%; CMRO2 = 3.59 ± 0.78 mL O2/100 g tissue per minute). Both pediatric and adult patients with SCD presenting with greater imaging evidence of vascular shunting had mildly reduced OEF and CMRO2. These findings highlight that imaging markers of vascular shunting are associated with significant, albeit mild, evidence of reduced OEF and CMRO2 in patients with SCD.