bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management strategies for recurrent acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lin Jiahui , Kacker Ashutosh 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundManagement of patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS) is often challenging, and robust data in the literature is scant. The aim of this study is to better characterize the current treatment strategies for RARS used by otolaryngologists.MethodsAn online survey sent to all members of the American Rhinologic Society in a 1 month period evaluated demographics, practice characteristics, and management strategies for patients with RARS, subdivided into those with (RARSwD) and without (RARSsD) septal deviation. Eighty‐eight practicing members responded, of whom 41% were fellowship‐trained rhinologists.ResultsFor most cases of RARSsD, 61% of otolaryngologists would primarily use medical management. Most would wait until patients had experienced 4–5 episodes to perform balloon sinuplasty (80%) or formal sinus surgery (79%). The sinus surgery procedure of choice was limited sinus surgery (62%). For RARSwD, 52% primarily chose medical management. Most would wait until patients had experienced 4–5 episodes to perform balloon sinuplasty (80%) or formal sinus surgery (78%). Nearly all fellowship‐trained rhinologists (97%) would perform limited sinus surgery with septoplasty for RARSwD, compared to only 70% of other otolaryngologists who would do so and 24% who would perform complete sinus surgery with septoplasty. While 89% of practitioners in private practice would wait to perform balloon sinuplasty until patients had experienced 4–5 episodes, only 68% of those in academia would wait this long and 23% would do so after only 1–3 episodes.ConclusionsTreatment of patients with RARS is complex, and the differences in strategies employed between groups of otolaryngologists may reflect their training backgrounds and different patient populations.Level of EvidenceV
Closing the oxygen mass balance in shallow coastal ecosystems
Authors: Long Matthew H. , Rheuban Jennie E. , McCorkle Daniel C. , Burdige David J. , Zimmerman Richard C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe oxygen concentration in marine ecosystems is influenced by production and consumption in the water column and fluxes across both the atmosphere–water and benthic–water boundaries. Each of these fluxes has the potential to be significant in shallow ecosystems due to high fluxes and low water volumes. This study evaluated the contributions of these three fluxes to the oxygen budget in two contrasting ecosystems, a Zostera marina (eelgrass) meadow in Virginia, U.S.A., and a coral reef in Bermuda. Benthic oxygen fluxes were evaluated by eddy covariance. Water column oxygen production and consumption were measured using an automated water incubation system. Atmosphere–water oxygen fluxes were estimated by parameterizations based on wind speed or turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates. We observed significant contributions of both benthic fluxes and water column processes to the oxygen mass balance, despite the often‐assumed dominance of the benthic communities. Water column rates accounted for 45% and 58% of the total oxygen rate, and benthic fluxes accounted for 23% and 39% of the total oxygen rate in the shallow (~ 1.5 m) eelgrass meadow and deeper (~ 7.5 m) reef site, respectively. Atmosphere–water fluxes were a minor component at the deeper reef site (3%) but a major component at the shallow eelgrass meadow (32%), driven by diel changes in the sign and strength of atmosphere–water gradient. When summed, the measured benthic, atmosphere–water, and water column rates predicted, with 85–90% confidence, the observed time rate of change of oxygen in the water column and provided an accurate, high temporal resolution closure of the oxygen mass balance.
Effect of Solvent on Segregated Network Morphology in Elastomer Composites for Tunable Piezoresistivity
Authors: Sang Zhen , Guo Haochen , Ke Kai , Manas‐Zloczower Ica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlexible, light‐weight, and wearable electronics have significant potential for the development of Internet of Things. Flexible sensors with tunable piezoresistive properties are in high demand for various practical applications. Herein, different morphology thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/ carbon nanostructure (CNS) composites with segregated network are obtained by swelling the TPU powders using various solvents. The better solvent for TPU, dimethylformamide (DMF), renders the composites with 0.7 wt% CNS stronger polymer‐filler interactions, resulting in significantly improved piezoresistive sensitivity at strain larger than 150%. Also the gauge factors (GFs) for these composites are 9.7 in the range 0–60% strain and 19.3 for 60–100% strain. In contrast, the composites with ethanol (EtOH) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) which swell less the TPU show delayed increase in piezoresistivity and GFs of 2.2 and 3.5 for strain up to 100%, respectively, suggesting potential applications for stretchable conductors.
A novel MBD5 mutation in an intellectually disabled adult female patient with epilepsy: Suggestive of early onset dementia?
Authors: Verhoeven Willem , Egger Jos , Kipp Janneke , Verheul‐ aan de Wiel Jiska , Ockeloen Charlotte , Kleefstra Tjitske , Pfundt Rolph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe minimal critical region in 2q23.1 deletion syndrome comprises one gene only, that is, the methyl‐CpG‐binding domain protein 5 (MBD5) gene. Since the phenotypes of patients with deletions, duplications or pathogenic variants of MBD5 show considerable overlap, the term MBD5‐associated neurodevelopmental disorder (MAND) was proposed. These syndromes are characterized by intellectual disability, seizures of any kind and symptoms from the autism spectrum. In a very limited number of patients, MAND may be associated with regression starting either at early infancy or at midlife.MethodsThe present paper describes a severely intellectually disabled autistic female with therapy resistant complex partial epilepsy starting at her 16the with gradual cognitive and behavioral regression towards her sixth decade.ResultsCognitive and behavioral regression occurred towards the patient's sixth decade. Exome sequencing disclosed a novel heterozygous pathogenic frameshift mutation of MBD5 that was considered to be causative for the combination of intellectual disability, treatment‐resistant epilepsy and autism.ConclusionThe presented patient is the second with a pathogenic MBD5 mutation in whom the course of disease is suggestive of early onset dementia starting in her fifth decade. These findings stress the importance of exome sequencing, also in elderly intellectually disabled patients, particularly in those with autism.
A multichannel optic fiber sensing system based on hybrid Sagnac structure
Authors: Ye Zi , Li Churui , Wang Chao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe proposed a multichannel optic fiber sensing system based on hybrid Sagnac structure to convert phase changes of light transmitting in optic fiber caused by vibrations to be detected into intensity changes of interference signals. By using the differential demodulation method, the originally applied vibration signal can be retrieved for further signal analysis. The auxiliary modulation method was introduced into this system so that even tiny vibration signals less than one period can also be detected precisely since all the original signals would be carried by the high frequency and large modulation signals. In the signal retrieve algorithm, we also added a response smoothing transform algorithm to improve the smoothness of the system's frequency response. Besides, in association with wavelength division multiplexer, this sensing system can realize multipoints' vibration detection. By designing the spatial arrangement of sensing fiber array according to application scenarios, this system can realize monitoring and positioning vibration sources with appropriate algorithms.
Coherence transfer delay optimisation in PSYCOSY experiments
Authors: Kenwright Alan M. , Aguilar Juan A. , Koley Seth Banabithi , Kuprov Ilya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPSYCOSY is an f1 broadband homonuclear decoupled version of the COSY nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence. Here, we investigate by a combination of experimental measurements, spatially distributed spin dynamics simulations, and analytical predictions the coherence evolution delay necessary in PSYCOSY experiments to ensure intensity discrimination in favour of the correlations typically arising from short range (nJ, n ≤ 3) 1H–1H couplings and show that, in general, a coherence evolution delay of around 35 ms is optimum.
Structural softening, mesh dependence, and regularisation in non‐associated plastic flow
Authors: Sabet Sepideh Alizadeh , de Borst René 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA severe dependence of numerical simulations on the mesh density is usually attributed to the presence of strain softening in the constitutive relation. However, other material instabilities, like non‐associated plastic flow, can also cause mesh sensitivity. Indeed, loss of ellipticity in quasi‐static analyses is the fundamental cause of the observed mesh dependence. It has been known since long that non‐associated plastic flow can cause loss of ellipticity, but the consequence for mesh sensitivity, and subsequently, for the difficulty of the equilibrium‐finding iterative procedure to converge have remained largely unnoticed. We first demonstrate at the hand of a biaxial test structural softening and a marked mesh dependence for an ideally plastic material equipped with a non‐associated flow rule. The phenomena are then analysed in depth using an infinitely long shear layer. Finally, it is shown that the mesh effect disappears when the standard continuum model is replaced by a Cosserat continuum, a well‐known regularisation method for strain‐softening constitutive relations.
Women's and Men's Work: The Production and Marketing of Fresh Food and Export Crops in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Curry George N. , Koczberski Gina , Inu Susan May 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTFresh food markets have been a fixture of the social and economic landscape of urban and rural PNG since colonial times. They were often the first points of engagement with the market economy, especially for women, who as small‐scale producers, sold surplus produce from their food gardens located on communally‐owned land. Although local food markets have remained an important livelihood for women, the later adoption and expansion of perennial export cash crops like coffee and cocoa overshadowed food production for local markets as men dominated export crop production on land alienated from communal ownership for decades or permanently. New forms of social relations of production and more exclusive forms of land tenure emerged to accommodate export crop production that were very different from those governing the production and marketing of fresh food. Market values and a trend towards individualisation of production with less capacity to mobilise labour through reciprocal labour exchange networks have characterised export crop production. With the income benefits captured largely by men, women began redirecting their labour to fresh food production where they were able to exercise more control of production and income while still mobilising labour through indigenous labour exchange arrangements. Attempts by men to appropriate the income of women and sons’ labour in export cropping were greater during flush periods when income levels were high, and they were less likely to attempt to appropriate this income in low crop periods when incomes were lower. However, with the recent emergence of female entrepreneurers earning relatively large sums of money in large‐scale, profit‐driven vegetable production, the moral frameworks governing food production are coming to resemble those governing export crops, and making labour more difficult to mobilise. Despite women being key players in these changes, we argue there is an emerging risk that men will attempt to assert control over this income or move into vegetable production themselves and possibly marginalise women in the process.
Degradomics in Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Grozdanić Marija , Vidmar Robert , Vizovišek Matej , Fonović Marko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe upregulation of protease expression and proteolytic activity is implicated in numerous pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, and bone degeneration. During disease progression, various proteases form characteristic patterns of cleaved proteins and peptides, which can affect disease severity and course of progression. It has been shown that qualitative and quantitative monitoring of cleaved protease substrates can provide relevant prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic information. As proteolytic fragments and peptides generated in the affected tissue are commonly translocated to blood, urine, and other proximal fluids, their possible application as biomarkers is the subject of ongoing research. The field of degradomics has been established to enable the global identification of proteolytic events on the organism level, utilizing proteomic approaches and sample preparation techniques that facilitate the detection of proteolytic processing of protease substrates in complex biological samples. In this review, some of the latest developments in degradomic methodologies used for the identification and validation of biologically relevant proteolytic events and their application in the search for clinically relevant biomarker candidates are presented. The current state of degradomics in clinics is discussed and the future perspectives of the field are outlined.
Integrated vehicle dynamics management for distributed‐drive electric vehicles with active front steering using adaptive neural approaches against unknown nonlinearity
Authors: Huang Wei , Wong Pak Kin 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a new integrated vehicle dynamics management for enhancing the yaw stability and wheel slip regulation of the distributed‐drive electric vehicle with active front steering. To cope with the unknown nonlinear tire dynamics with uncertain disturbances in integrated control problem of vehicle dynamics, a neuro‐adaptive predictive control is therefore proposed for multiobjective coordination of constrained systems with unknown nonlinearity. Unknown nonlinearity with unmodeled dynamics is modeled using a random projection neural network via adaptive machine learning, where a new adaptation law is designed in premise of Lyapunov stability. Given the computational efficiency, a neurodynamic method is extended to solve the constrained programming problem with unknown nonlinearity. To test the performance of the proposed control method, simulations were conducted using a validated vehicle model. Simulation results show that the proposed neuro‐adaptive predictive controller outperforms the classical model predictive controller in tracking nominal wheel slip ratio, desired vehicle yaw rate and sideslip angle, showing its significance in vehicle yaw stability enhancement and wheels slip regulation.
Fast approximate clearance evaluation for rovers with articulated suspension systems
Authors: Otsu Kyohei , Matheron Guillaume , Ghosh Sourish , Toupet Olivier , Ono Masahiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a light‐weight body‐terrain clearance evaluation algorithm for the automated path planning of NASA's Mars 2020 rover. Extraterrestrial path planning is challenging due to the combination of terrain roughness and severe limitation in computational resources. Path planning on cluttered and/or uneven terrains requires repeated safety checks on all the candidate paths at a small interval. Predicting the future rover state requires simulating the vehicle settling on the terrain, which involves an inverse‐kinematics problem with iterative nonlinear optimization under geometric constraints. However, such expensive computation is intractable for slow spacecraft computers, such as RAD750, which is used by the Curiosity Mars rover and upcoming Mars 2020 rover. We propose the approximate clearance evaluation (ACE) algorithm, which obtains conservative bounds on vehicle clearance, attitude, and suspension angles without iterative computation. It obtains those bounds by estimating the lowest and highest heights that each wheel may reach given the underlying terrain, and calculating the worst‐case vehicle configuration associated with those extreme wheel heights. The bounds are guaranteed to be conservative, hence ensuring vehicle safety during autonomous navigation. ACE is planned to be used as part of the new onboard path planner of the Mars 2020 rover. This paper describes the algorithm in detail and validates our claim of conservatism and fast computation through experiments.
Fluxes of nutrients and primary production between the main channel and floodplain backwaters of the Lower Mississippi River—Development of a simulation model
Authors: Ochs Clifford A. , Shields Fletcher Douglas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConnection between rivers and their floodplain is critical to the function of fluvial systems; however, there has been little research quantitatively examining the dynamics of this interaction for large, alluvial rivers. Critical questions include the following: What are the rates and mechanisms of materials and energy exchange, and in what ways does the exchange impact ecosystem functioning? To address these questions, we built a simple model of a hypothetical reach of the Lower Mississippi River (LMR) containing a single backwater. The model is based on empirical data obtained from the LMR system. Our primary objectives for the model were to assess potential backwater impacts on river nitrate transport and in subsidizing phytoplankton biomass to the main channel. Simulations run over a 10‐year period suggest that on an annual basis, (a) LMR backwaters remove NO3–N, and it would require a temporal mean of 34,400 ha functioning like the model backwater, or 2.8 times the current area of oxbow lakes, to eliminate 100% of the river flux of NO3–N of our study region; (b) it would require inputs of phytoplankton from a mean of 5,242 ha of sites functioning like the model backwater to produce observed river flux of phytoplankton biomass; and (c) backwater function is sensitive to the controlling elevation in linking channels hence subject to management. Although simple, this model is a useful first step in quantifying the significance of river–backwater connectivity on ecological processes of the LMR system.
Mine drainage: Treatment technologies and rare earth elements
Authors: Wei Xinchao , Zhang Shicheng , Shimko Jonathan , Dengler Robert W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe recent research and development on mine drainage published in 2018 was summarized in this annual review. In particular, this review was focused on two main aspects of mine drainage: (a) advances in treatment technologies and (b) rare earth elements in mine drainage and its recovery. The first section covers passive treatment technologies and active treatment options, including physiochemical treatment and biological treatment. The second section includes the characterization of rare earth elements in mine drainage and recovery technologies. Due to the importance of rare earth elements and the growing interest in their recovery from mine drainage, rare earth elements are reported as a separate section for the first time in this review.Practitioner points

Advances in treatment technologies for mine drainage are reviewed.

Rare earth elements in mine drainage and its recovery are summarized.

Reviewed technologies include passive, active, advanced and novel processes.
Adsorption of bivalent lead ions from an aqueous phase system: Equilibrium, thermodynamic, kinetics, and optimization studies
Authors: Saini Suman , Kumar Rajeev , Chawla Jyoti , Kaur Inderpreet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPunica granatum carpellary membrane powder (PGCM) and its surface modified form (MPGCM) with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4‐DNP) were used as adsorbents for removal of bivalent lead ions from aqueous phase system. Batch mode experiments using various parameters were carried out to assess the adsorption isotherms and dynamics of the process. Langmuir isotherm was well‐fitted model for experimental data. Langmuir adsorption capacity using PGCM and MPGCM at pH of 7 was found to be 169.49 and 196.07 mg/g, respectively. Rate constant and thermodynamic parameters were calculated to evaluate the kinetic model and temperature dependence nature of adsorption. Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the adsorption process of bivalent lead ions for PGCM and MPGCM using pH (3.0–9.0), initial bivalent lead ions concentration (20–100 mg/L), contact time (20–180 min), and temperature (20–60°C) parameters. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of bivalent lead ions on PGCM were found to be at pH of 6.99, initial bivalent lead ions concentration of 98.95, contact time of 176.05, and temperature of 21.20°C and on MPGCM at pH of 6.51, initial bivalent lead ions concentration of 99.99, contact time of 177.89, and temperature of 20.02°C, respectively.Practitioner points

Adsorption of bivalent lead from water using Punica granatum carpellary membrane powder and its modified form MPGCM is discussed.

Batch mode experiments using various parameters were carried out to assess the adsorption isotherms and dynamics of the process.

Langmuir adsorption capacity using PGCM and MPGCM at pH of 7 was found to be 169.49 and 196.07 mg/g, respectively.

Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the adsorption process of bivalent lead ions.
Analytical solution for two equal collinear modified strip saturated cracks in 2‐D semipermeable piezoelectric media
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Sharma Kuldeep , Bhargava R. R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn analytical solution and study is presented for two equal collinear cracks in 2‐D semipermeable piezoelectric media based on modified strip saturation models. The constant saturated condition defined in strip saturation model is modified here by considering the symmetric and polynomial varying saturation conditions. These proposed saturated conditions are multiplicative of saturated electric displacement value and polynomial (constant to cubic order) of a variable defined as ratio of distance of a point on saturated zone length to the extended half‐crack length. Moreover, these are interpolated on the basis of possible saturated values near the crack‐tips and zone tips. To present the analytical study, a problem of two cracks of equal length situated in series is considered in 2‐D arbitrary polarized infinite piezoelectric domain subjected to semipermeable crack‐face and electromechanical loading conditions. Applying the extended Stroh formalism and complex variable approach, these problems are mathematically modeled into non‐homogeneous Riemann Hilbert problems in terms of unknown complex functions representing stress and electric displacement components at any point within the domain. Using Muskhelishvili [1] and Collin's [2] mathematical techniques, these complex functions are obtained from the developed non‐homogeneous Riemann Hilbert problems. Hence, the explicit expressions for saturated zone lengths (inner and outer), crack opening potentials (COPs), crack opening displacements (CODs) and local stress intensity factors (LSIFs) are obtained. Further, the impact of polynomial varying saturated conditions is highlighted on these fracture parameters with respect to inter crack space distance, crack‐face conditions, polarization angle by presenting the numerical applications in infinite 2‐D PZT‐4 media.