bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diaspora and mapping methodologies: tracing transnational digital connections with ‘mattering maps’
Authors: ALINEJAD DONYA , CANDIDATU LAURA , MEVSIMLER MELIS , MINCHILLI CLAUDIA , PONZANESI SANDRA , VAN DER VLIST FERNANDO N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is a methodological tendency in work on diaspora and digital media for quantitative investigations to approach diaspora in static ways that contrast with theories of diaspora as a dynamic cultural formation. On the other hand, qualitative, ethnographic work tends not to engage with digital methods and quantitative data‐driven investigation. In this article, we sketch this methodological and disciplinary disconnect and address it by proposing a model for understanding digitally mediated formations of diaspora that combines digital methods techniques with a sensitivity to ethical and theoretical discussions of migration and diaspora. Drawing on interpretive epistemologies and feminist research ethics, we present a case study analysis of a locally informed, Turkish–Dutch issue. We argue for a method that produces ‘mattering maps’. This involves tracking and visualizing digital traces of an issue across web platforms (Google Search results, Facebook pages, and Instagram posts) and integrating this with an analysis of the face‐to‐face interview responses of a key issue actor.
Diagnostic accuracy of point‐of‐care ultrasound for evaluation of early blood‐induced joint changes: Comparison with MRI
Authors: Foppen W. , van der Schaaf I. C. , Beek F. J. A. , Mali W. P. T. M. , Fischer K. 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionRecurrent joint bleeding is the hallmark of haemophilia. Synovial hypertrophy observed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is associated with an increased risk of future joint bleeding.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether point‐of‐care ultrasound (POC‐US) is an accurate alternative for MRI for the detection of early joint changes.MethodsIn this single centre diagnostic accuracy study, bilateral knees and ankles of haemophilia patients with no or minimal arthropathy on X‐rays were scanned using POC‐US and 3 Tesla MRI. POC‐US was performed by 1 medical doctor, blinded for MRI, according to the “Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound” (HEAD‐US) protocol. MRIs were independently scored by 2 radiologists, blinded for clinical data and ultrasound results. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsKnees and ankles of 24 haemophilia patients (96 joints), aged 18‐34, were studied. Synovial hypertrophy on MRI was observed in 20% of joints. POC‐US for synovial tissue was correct (overall accuracy) in 97% (CI: 91‐99) with a positive predictive value of 94% (CI: 73‐100) and a negative predictive value of 97% (CI: 91‐100). The overall accuracy of POC‐US for cartilage abnormalities was 91% (CI: 83‐96) and for bone surface irregularities 97% (CI: 91‐99).ConclusionPOC‐US could accurately assess synovial hypertrophy, bone surface irregularities and cartilage abnormalities in haemophilia patients with limited joint disease. As POC‐US is an accurate and available alternative for MRI, it can be used for routine evaluation of early joint changes.
High expression of CD10 in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Nakazawa Tadao , Kondo Tetsuo , Vuong Huy Gia , Odate Toru , Kawai Masataka , Tahara Ippei , Kasai Kazunari , Inoue Tomohiro , Oishi Naoki , Mochizuki Kunio , Ito Koichi , Katoh Ryohei 
Published: May 2018

AimsCD10 is an endopeptidase that degrades various bioactive peptides in the extracellular matrix. In addition to enzymatic degradation, it affects multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways. CD10 expression has been extensively studied in human epithelial cancers of numerous organs and sites. However, its presence in thyroid carcinomas, especially in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), has not been fully determined. An actual CD10 expression in thyroid lesions including a large series of ATC was evaluated.Methods and resultsWe examined CD10 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 152 thyroid lesions: nine adenomatous goitres (AGs) and 143 tumours, including 47 anaplastic carcinomas. IHC showed diffuse and strong positivity for CD10 in the epithelial components of almost all ATCs. However, epithelia with squamous metaplasia and oncocytic change from AGs, follicular adenomas and differentiated carcinomas had focal CD10 reactivity. Some papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), along with the PTC components of some ATCs, showed CD10 positivity in fibroblast‐like stromal cells and fibrous material.ConclusionOur results imply that the CD10 expression pattern depended on the histotypes of thyroid lesions. When possible metastatic tumours and non‐epithelial tumours are excluded, high CD10 expression may be useful in determining whether a primary thyroid carcinoma includes an anaplastic component.
Phenotypic and molecular changes in nodule‐in‐nodule hepatocellular carcinoma with pathogenetic implications
Authors: Rudini Noemi , Novello Chiara , Destro Annarita , Riboldi Elena , Donadon Matteo , Viganò Luca , Morenghi Emanuela , Roncalli Massimo , Di Tommaso Luca 
Published: May 2018

AimsNodule‐in‐nodule (N/N) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a convincing proof of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. In this lesion, an inner HCC develops within an outer, more differentiated, tumour, which can be rapidly taken over by the former so that N/N HCC is rarely detected.Methods and resultsTen resected N/N HCCs arising in cirrhotic background and characterized: (i) as outer lesions by early (n = 3) and G1 (n = 7) HCC; (ii) as inner lesions by G1 (n = 3) and G2 (n = 7) HCC. The largest/smallest diameters of outer and inner nodules were, respectively, 20/6 mm and 16/4 mm. We investigated vascular (CD34 and endocan), hepatocellular VEGF, GS, GPC3, HSP70 and CHC) and molecular (TERT promoter and β‐catenin) changes taking place from the outer neoplastic compartment to the inner neoplastic compartment (INC). A diffuse pattern of CD34+ capillarized vessels and focal endocan immunoreactivity were major distinctive features acquired in the INC; VEGF immunoreactivity was inversely related to CD34 staining. A gain in the number of cells immunoreactive for GPC3, HSP70, and CHC, but not of GS‐immunoreactive cells, also occurred in the INC. TERT promoter mutations were seen in half of the cases in both compartments, whereas β‐catenin mutations were more rarely detectable.ConclusionsMajor phenotypic changes take place in the INC of N/N HCC. TERT promoter mutations take place frequently and very early, and, in contrast to β‐catenin mutations, do not appear to be acquired during N/N growth. These findings suggest that inner nodules represent a step further along the pathway of tumour progression, in contrast to earlier, simply initiated, lesions, and that complete neovascularisation predicts a change in HCC biology.
Chemsex and new HIV diagnosis in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics
Authors: Pakianathan M , Whittaker W , Lee MJ , Avery J , Green S , Nathan B , Hegazi A 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyse associations between chemsex and new HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) accessing sexual health clinics.MethodsA retrospective case note review was carried out for all GBMSM attending two London sexual health clinics between 1 June 2014 and 31 July 2015.ResultsChemsex status was documented for 1734 of 1840 patients. Overall, 27.1% (n = 463) disclosed current recreational drug use, of whom 286 (16.5%) disclosed chemsex participation and 74 of 409 (18.1%) injected drugs. GBMSM who were already HIV positive were more likely to disclose chemsex participation [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89–3.44; P < 0.001]. Those disclosing chemsex participation had higher odds of being newly diagnosed with HIV infection (AOR 5.06; 95% CI 2.56–10.02; P < 0.001), acute bacterial STIs (AOR 3.94; 95% CI 3.00–5.17; P < 0.001), rectal STIs (AOR 4.45; 95% CI 3.37–6.06; P < 0.001) and hepatitis C (AOR 9.16; 95% CI 2.31–36.27; P = 0.002). HIV‐negative chemsex participants were also more likely to have accessed post‐exposure prophylaxis for HIV in the study period and to report sex with a discordant HIV‐ or hepatitis C virus‐infected partner (P < 0.001).ConclusionsChemsex disclosure in sexual health settings is associated with higher rates of STI diagnoses, including HIV infection and hepatitis C. GBMSM attending sexual health services should therefore be assessed for chemsex participation and disclosure should prompt health promotion, harm minimization and wellbeing interventions.
Sensitivity and specificity of ex vivo dermatoscopy: a case series
Authors: Dobrosavljevic Danijela , Brasanac Dimitrije , Glumac Sofija , Radojevic Sanja , Matija Lidija , Stanisavljevic Dejana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundSensitivity and specificity of ex vivo dermatoscopy (EVD) for malignancy detection of skin tumors is unknown. We sought to assess whether the use of EVD could be a useful adjunct to histopathological diagnosis of pigmented skin tumors, including cases where complete clinical information is inadequate or missing.Materials and methodsEVD was performed on 195 excised, formalin‐fixed pigmented skin tumors.ResultsOf 183 eligible lesions, 104 (56.8%) were melanocytic and 79 (43.2%) nonmelanocytic. Overall, 54 (29.5%) were malignant: 10 melanomas, 39 basal cell carcinomas, and five squamous cell carcinomas. Ex vivo images were devoid of red color. The following colors were seen: light and dark brown, grey, blue, black, and white. All structures typical for pigmented melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions were observed. In malignant nonmelanocytic lesions, diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for malignant/benign decision was not better when combining visual assessment and EVD but diagnostic specificity improved by 3.0%. For melanoma, combined diagnostics improved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for 9.6, 30.0, and 7.5%, respectively.ConclusionFor dermatopathologists, EVD offers increased specificity for all categories of tumors and increased diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for melanoma. With EVD view, the dermatopathologist can instantly find areas of interest, thus minimizing the possibility for missing a malignant lesion.
Maximising yield of peripheral blood flow cytometry for chronic lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Lim H. Y. , Hong F. S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionFlow cytometry is used in the diagnosis of haematological diseases including chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. This audit aims to ascertain the real‐world indications for peripheral blood (PB) flow cytometry and which of these are associated with higher diagnostic yields.MethodsAll PB flow cytometry requests for chronic lymphoproliferative disorders from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 were identified using the laboratory information system. Data including patient demographics, specialty of requestor, lymphocyte count and blood film report (if available), indications for tests and subsequent diagnosis were collected.ResultsA total of 185 requests with median patient age of 60 years were analysed. The main requestor was the Haematology Unit (n = 109; 58.9%) although the diagnostic yield of their requests was not significantly better than other units combined (16.5% vs 13.2%, P = .49). Factors that significantly improved the diagnostic yield of testing were older age, the presence of atypical lymphocytes on the blood film and lymphocytosis (P < .01). Constitutional symptoms and cytopenias were not found to influence the diagnostic yield.ConclusionPB flow cytometry is a useful tool when used in the appropriate clinical setting. Rationalisation of testing is important to reduce the futility of testing and unnecessary health costs.
Cooperative cation substitution facilitated construction of garnet oxynitride MgY2Al3Si2O11N:Ce3+ for white LEDs
Authors: Pan Zaifa , Wang Ruiping , Li Weiqiang , Wu Haiqin , Chen Jiacheng , Zheng Yifan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStructural modification is an important means to induce redshift of Ce3+ emission in garnet phosphor. We intend to design and synthesize garnet oxynitride compounds which combine attributes of rigidity inherited from garnet structure and of high covalence characteristic of oxynitride compounds. However, impurity phase usually occurs in the nitridation of garnet phosphor, due to the low solubility of nitrogen in oxides. We herein exploit the cooperative cation substitution strategy to facilitate the incorporation of nitrogen in Y3Al5O12. It is found that partial substitution of Y3+‐Altet3+ pairs by Mg2+‐Si4+ pairs can diminish the phase instability caused by the replacement of Altet3+‐O2− by Si4+‐N3−. A novel pure garnet phase oxynitride phosphor MgY2Al3Si2O11N:Ce3+ with a higher substitution content of N has been obtained and the successful incorporation of N in the garnet phosphor is confirmed by the Rietveld refinements of XRD, XPS, and TEM. The emission and excitation spectra indicate that the blue‐light‐excitable MgY2Al3Si2O11N:Ce3+ phosphor exhibited a bright yellow‐orange emission peaking at 570 nm, which is redshifted by 28 nm when compared to YAG:Ce3+. The garnet oxynitride phosphor exhibit excellent thermal stability with high quantum efficiency and is a promising candidate for warm white LED.
Posttraumatic stress symptomatology following exposure to perceived traumatic perinatal events within the midwifery profession: The impact of trait emotional intelligence
Authors: Nightingale Suzanne , Spiby Helen , Sheen Kayleigh , Slade Pauline 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsTo explore factors associated with, and predictors of, posttraumatic stress symptoms in midwives. To explore factors associated with, and potential moderating effects of, trait emotional intelligence. Secondary analysis explored predictors of resilience.BackgroundMidwives may experience vicarious trauma responses due to exposure to certain perinatal events in their professional lives. This may have adverse psychological outcomes for midwives, and women and children in their care.DesignA cross‐sectional, online and paper survey of midwives in the United Kingdom was conducted.MethodsBetween February and October 2016, 113 midwives who met inclusion criteria provided demographic information, and completed scales measuring posttraumatic stress symptoms, trait emotional intelligence, empathy, resilience, social support, and attitudes towards emotional expression.ResultsHigher resilience and trait emotional intelligence scores were associated with reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms. Higher empathy, perceived social support, and resilience were associated with higher trait emotional intelligence. Lower resilience significantly predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms. Trait emotional intelligence did not moderate relationships between resilience and posttraumatic stress symptoms, but may protect against posttraumatic stress symptoms in midwives with higher empathy. Higher trait emotional intelligence, and lower empathy and need for support, significantly predicted resilience. Notably, when trait emotional intelligence was higher, the negative relationship between empathy and resilience was reduced.ConclusionApproximately one‐fifth of midwives were experiencing posttraumatic stress symptoms at clinically significant levels. Trait emotional intelligence may protect against posttraumatic stress symptoms by supporting resilience, while enabling midwives to remain empathic. The negative correlation between resilience and empathy needs careful consideration by policy makers.
Factors associated with quality of life of dementia caregivers: Direct and indirect effects
Authors: Oba Hikaru , Matsuoka Teruyuki , Kato Yuka , Narumoto Jin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine the direct and indirect relationships between the characteristics of people with dementia and caregivers associated with caregivers' quality of life.BackgroundComplex relationships exist among the factors associated with caregivers' quality of life.DesignThis study was a retrospective cross‐sectional design.MethodsThe data were retrospectively extracted from participants who had visited the Center for Diagnosis of Dementia at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine from April 2013–March 2016. The data search was conducted on 21 April 2017. In total, 110 people with dementia and their caregivers participated. The characteristics of people with dementia were evaluated in terms of cognitive function, basic and instrumental activities of daily living and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We also evaluated caregivers' quality of life, depressive symptoms and care burden. Path analysis was used to investigate direct and indirect relationships.ResultsThe path analysis revealed that care burden and depressive symptoms directly affected caregivers' quality of life. Furthermore, declines in instrumental activities of daily living among people with dementia indirectly affected caregivers' quality of life, while declines in cognitive function of people with dementia also indirectly affected caregivers' care burden and depressive symptoms.ConclusionCaregiver quality of life was directly and indirectly affected by the characteristics of caregivers and people with dementia. The present findings provided evidence that factors related to both people with dementia and caregivers should be considered when nursing interventions are conducted.
Effects of endurance training on hippocampus DJ‐1, cannabinoid receptor type 2 and blood glucose concentration in diabetic rats
Authors: Kurd Mohammad , Valipour Dehnou Vahid , Tavakoli Seyed A , Gahreman Daniel E 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the effect of endurance training on hippocampus DJ‐1 and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) protein and blood glucose concentration in diabetic rats.Materials and MethodsA total of 32 rats were randomly divided into diabetic (D), diabetic and exercise (DE), exercise (E) and control (C) groups. The endurance training was carried out five times per week for 6 weeks. The hippocampus DJ‐1 and CB2 were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method.ResultsThe level of DJ‐1 in the D group was significantly higher than the other groups (P ≤ 0.01). However, the level of DJ‐1 was not significantly different between the C, E and DE groups. In addition, the level of CB2 was significantly lower in the D group compared with the other groups (P ≤ 0.01). Blood glucose was significantly higher in the D group compared with the DE group (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the level of DJ‐1 and blood glucose was observed (r = 0.67, P ≤ 0.001). There was also a significant inverse correlation between the level of CB2 and blood glucose (r = −0.77, P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the level of DJ‐1 and CB2 might change in response to diabetes, and regular aerobic exercise could mediate the effect of DJ‐1 and CB2 on diabetes‐induced neurodegenerative diseases.
What happens to offspring when parents are inbred, old or had a poor start in life? Evidence for sex‐specific parental effects
Authors: Vega‐Trejo Regina , Kruuk Loeske E. B. , Jennions Michael D. , Head Megan L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParental effects on offspring performance have been attributed to many factors such as parental age, size and condition. However, we know little about how these different parental characteristics interact to determine parental effects, or the extent to which their effect on offspring depends on either the sex of the parent or that of the offspring. Here we experimentally tested for effects of variation in parents’ early diet and inbreeding levels, as well as effects of parental age, and for potential interactive effects of these three factors on key aspects of offspring development in the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Older mothers produced offspring that were significantly smaller at birth. This negative effect of maternal age on offspring size was still evident at maturation as older mothers had smaller daughters, but not smaller sons. The daughters of older mothers did, however, reach maturity sooner. Paternal age did not affect offspring body size, but it had a complex effect on their sons’ relative genital size. When initially raised on a food‐restricted diet, older fathers sired sons with relatively smaller genitalia, but when fathers were initially raised on a control diet their sons had relatively larger genitalia. The inbreeding status of mothers and fathers had no significant effects on any of the measured offspring traits. Our results indicate that the manifestation of parental effects can be complex. It can vary with both parent and offspring sex; can change over an offspring's life; and is sometimes evident as an interaction between different parental traits. Understanding this complexity will be important to predict the role of parental effects in adaptation.
Looking for trouble? Diagnostics expanding disease and producing patients
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNovel tests give great opportunities for earlier and more precise diagnostics. At the same time, new tests expand disease, produce patients, and cause unnecessary harm in overdiagnosis and overtreatment. How can we evaluate diagnostics to obtain the benefits and avoid harm? One way is to pay close attention to the diagnostic process and its core concepts. Doing so reveals 3 errors that expand disease and increase overdiagnosis. The first error is to decouple diagnostics from harm, eg, by diagnosing insignificant conditions. The second error is to bypass proper validation of the relationship between test indicator and disease, eg, by introducing biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease before the tests are properly validated. The third error is to couple the name of disease to insignificant or indecisive indicators, eg, by lending the cancer name to preconditions, such as ductal carcinoma in situ. We need to avoid these errors to promote beneficial testing, bar harmful diagnostics, and evade unwarranted expansion of disease. Accordingly, we must stop identifying and testing for conditions that are only remotely associated with harm. We need more stringent verification of tests, and we must avoid naming indicators and indicative conditions after diseases. If not, we will end like ancient tragic heroes, succumbing because of our very best abilities.
Dactylomonas gen. nov., a Novel Lineage of Heterolobosean Flagellates with Unique Ultrastructure, Closely Related to the Amoeba Selenaion koniopes Park, De Jonckheere & Simpson, 2012
Authors: Hanousková Pavla , Táborský Petr , Čepička Ivan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe report the discovery of a new genus of heterolobosean flagellates, Dactylomonas gen. nov., with two species, D. venusta sp. nov. and D. crassa sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene showed that Dactylomonas is closely related to the amoeba Selenaion, the deepest‐branching lineage of Tetramitia. Dactylomonads possess two flagella, and ultrastructural studies revealed an unexpected organization of the flagellar apparatus, which resembled Pharyngomonada (the second lineage of Heterolobosea) instead of Tetramitia: basal bodies were orthogonal to each other and a putative root R1 was present in the mastigont. On the other hand, Dactylomonas displayed several features uncommon in Heterolobosea: a microtubular corset, a distinctive rostrum supported by the main part of the right microtubular root, a finger‐like projection on the proximal part of the recurrent flagellum, and absence of a ventral groove. In addition, Dactylomonas is anaerobic and seems to have lost mitochondrial cristae. Dactylomonas and Selenaion are accommodated in the family Selenaionidae fam. nov. and order Selenionida ord. nov. The taxonomy of Tetramitia is partially revised, and the family Neovahlkampfiidae fam. nov. is established.