bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological Approaches to Evaluate Fetal Drug Exposure
Authors: Bouazza Naïm , Foissac Frantz , Hirt Déborah , Urien Saïk , Benaboud Sihem , Lui Gabrielle , Treluyer Jean-Marc 
Published: March 2019

Background:Drug prescriptions are usual during pregnancy, however, women and their fetuses still remain an orphan population with regard to drugs efficacy and safety. Most xenobiotics diffuse through the placenta and some of them can alter fetus development resulting in structural abnormalities, growth or functional deficiencies.Methods:To summarize the different methodologies developed towards the prediction of fetal drug exposure.Results:Neonatal cord blood concentration is the most specific measurement of the transplacental drug transfer at the end of pregnancy. Using the cord blood and mother drug concentrations altogether, drug exchanges between the mother and fetus can be modeled and quantified via a population pharmacokinetic analysis. Thereafter, it is possible to estimate the fetus exposure and the fetus-to-mother exposure ratio. However, the prediction of placental transfer before any administration to pregnant women is desirable. Animal studies remain difficult to interpret due to structural and functional inter-species placenta differences. The ex-vivo perfusion of the human placental cotyledon is the method of reference to study the human placental transfer of drugs because it is thought to mimic the functional placental tissue. However, extrapolation of data to in vivo situation remains difficult. Some research groups have extensively worked on physiologically based models (PBPK) to predict fetal drug exposure and showed very encouraging results.Conclusion:PBPK models appeared to be a very promising tool in order to predict fetal drug exposure in-silico. However, these models mainly picture the end of pregnancy and knowledge regarding both, development of the placental permeability and transporters is strongly needed.
Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Past and Future
Authors: Shibata Keita , Hashimoto Terumasa , Miyazaki Takuro , Miyazaki Akira , Nobe Koji 
Published: March 2019

Background:Thromboembolic ischemic stroke, which is mainly caused by hypertension, as well as plasma dyslipidemia, arterial fibrillation and diabetes, is a leading cause of death in the US and other countries. Numerous clinical trials for thrombolytic drugs, which aimed to pharmacologically dissolve thrombi, were conducted in the 1950s, when the first thrombolytic therapy was performed.Methods:In this study, we summarize the pathophysiologic features of ischemic stroke, and the history of thrombolytic therapy, and discuss the recent progress that has been made in the ongoing development of thrombolytic drugs.Conclusion:Thrombolytic therapy is sometimes accompanied by harmful hemorrhagic insults; accordingly, a window of time wherein therapy can safely be performed has been established for this approach. Several basic and clinical studies are ongoing to develop next-generation thrombolytic drugs to expand the time window
Domain-based Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Proteomes: Uniqueness, Interactions, and the Dark Matter
Authors: Wang Liang , Yang Jianye , Xu Yaping , Piao Xue , Lv Jichang 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Proteins may have none, single, double, or multiple domains, while a single
domain may appear in multiple proteins. Their distribution patterns may have impacts on bacterial
physiology and lifestyle.

Objective:
This study aims to understand how domains are distributed and duplicated in bacterial proteomes,
in order to better understand bacterial physiology and lifestyles.

Methods:
In this study, we used 16712 Hidden Markov Models to screen 944 bacterial reference proteomes
versus a threshold E-value<0.001. The number of non-redundant domains and duplication
rates of redundant domains for each species were calculated. The unique domains, if any, were also
identified for each species. In addition, the properties of no-domain proteins were investigated in
terms of physicochemical properties.

Results:
The increasing number of non-redundant domains for a bacterial proteome follows the trend
of an asymptotic function. The domain duplication rate is positively correlated with proteome size and
increases more rapidly. The high percentage of single-domain proteins is more associated with small
proteome size. For each proteome, unique domains were also obtained. Moreover, no-domain proteins
show differences with the other three groups for several physicochemical properties analysed in this
study.

Conclusion:
The study confirmed that a low domain duplication rate and a high percentage of singledomain
proteins are more likely to be associated with bacterial host-dependent or restricted nicheadapted
lifestyle. In addition, the unique lifestyle and physiology were revealed based on the analysis
of species-specific domains and core domain interactions or co-occurrences.
Development of Validated Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for the Estimation of Teriflunomide in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Karmankar Snehal , Tajne M. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Teriflunomide is an immunosuppressive agent. Immunosuppressive agents are
drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of immune system. Teriflunomide was investigated as a medication
for multiple sclerosis (MS). Various studies have reported the HPLC, UPLC, LC/MS methods for the
estimation of teriflunomide. However, till date stability indicating HPTLC analysis method has not been
reported for the estimation of teriflunomide in bulk and tablet dosage form.

Objective:
Objective of the present work was to develop and validate stability indicating high performance
thin layer chromatography method for the determination of teriflunomide in bulk and tablet dosage
form.

Methods:
Chromatography was performed on aluminium plates coated with silica gel 60F254 using toluene,
methanol and acetic acid (7.5: 2.5: 0.05 v/v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric analysis was performed
at 254 nm. The method was validated with different parameters such as linearity, precision,
accuracy, specificity, robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The RF value
of teriflunomide was 0.56 ± 0.03. The method is sensitive (limit of quantification 17.83 ng/band),
precise (RSD ≤ 1.34%), accurate (drug recovery 98.49–99.53 %), and linear over the range 100–600
ng/band (r2 0.998).

Results:
Degradation products were found in stress conditions did not interfere with the detection of
teriflunomide; therefore, the proposed technique can be considered stability-indicating. Teriflunomide
did not degrade under alkaline hydrolysis, thermal and photolytic conditions but showed degradation
under acid hydrolysis and oxidation with about 14.5 and 13.8 % decompositions respectively.

Conclusion:
The developed method was satisfactorily applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations
and proved to be specific and accurate for quality control of the cited drugs in their tablet dosage
form.
Спектральные и структурные характеристики молибдатов (Lu-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Eu-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-(MoO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Шмурак С.З. , Кедров В.В. , Киселев А.П. , Фурсова Т.Н. , Зверькова И.И. , Хасанов С.С. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe structure, the photoluminescence, and IR absorption spectra of solid solutions (Lu_1 ‒ _ x Eu_ x )_2(MoO_4)_3 have been studied over a wide range of europium concentrations (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). It has been found that there is a correlation between the structure and the spectral characteristics of these compounds. Three types of crystal phases are sequentially changed as the europium concentration increases. The photoluminescence and IR absorption spectra of the monoclinic phase with space group P 2_1/ a have been studied for the first time. The glow maximum at a resonant excitation of Eu^3+ ions is shown to be observed in the samples with orthorhombic structure Pba 2 at x ~ 0.8. The samples existing in monoclinic P 2_1/ a phase at x ~ 0.2 demonstrate the maximum luminescence intensity upon excitation in the band with the charge transfer.
Рентгеновские компьютерные методы исследований структурной целостности семян и их значение в современном семеноведении
Authors: Архипов М.В. , Прияткин Н.С. , Гусакова Л.П. , Потрахов Н.Н. , Грязнов А.Ю. , Бессонов В.Б. , Ободовский А.В. , Староверов Н.Е. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractX-ray computer methods of research (projection microfocus radiography and microtomography), which are used to study the problem of hidden defects of seeds and investigate its impact on sowing quality, have been considered. The description and main characteristics of technical means that were used to obtain digital two-dimensional and three-dimensional (tomographic) X-ray images of seeds have been given and the possible ways of their quantitative computer processing and analysis have been discussed. Conclusions about the abilities of the methods of projection microfocus radiography and microtomography to study the features of the internal structures of a seed that are related to the violation of its integrity have been formulated.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NANOSPONGES LOADED EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS OF LANSOPRAZOLE
Authors: Francis Dingwoke John Emeka , Yusuf Felix Sunday 
Published: March 2019

Nanosponges are tiny sponges with an average diameter below 1µm and consist of cavities filled with drug molecules. Lansoprazole is one of the classes of proton pump inhibitors, it reduces gastric acidity, and used in disorders such as gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and reflux oesophagitis. In present study for extended delivery of lansoprazole at optimal concentration and to reduce the frequency of dosing and thus to increase patient convenience nanosponges loaded extended release tablets were prepared. Initially four different nanosponges formulations were prepared by solvent evaporation method and evaluated on various parameters. Ethyl cellulose was used as entrapping agent and dichloromethane as cross linking agent in various proportions and evaluated for powder flow properties, % yield, zeta potential, and in-vitro drug release characteristics. Based on the evaluation results, formulation NS1 was selected to prepare five extended release tablets formulations by using HPMC K30 and chitosan as extended release polymers. All five formulations were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, % drug content and in-vitro drug release. From the results, it was found that all the evaluation results are within pharmacopoeial limits. From this study, we concluded feasibility of extended release of Lansoprazole through nanosponge loaded extended release tablets. Formulation of batch NT1, containing HPMC K30 was found to be optimum formulation.
Assessment of the readability of patient education materials regarding breast cancer on websites
Authors: Aksoy Nergis , Kozanhan Betul , ERYİLMAZ Mehmet Ali , Tutar Mahmut Sami 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The Google search engine
is a widely used resource for accessing health-related patient education texts.
Therefore accessible information in the texts should be accurate, up-to-date
and appropriate to the general public health literacy level. In this research,
we aimed to analyze the readability of patient education texts prepared for
breast cancer presented on internet and to evaluate the content of texts.Methods:A total of 200 web sites
at Google search engine were evaluated using the terms “breast cancer and breast mass”. The average
readability level was analyzed using Ateşman and Bezirci-Yilmaz readability formulas.
The texts were also evaluated in terms of the risk factors identified in the
development of breast cancer, the presence of examination and screening methods
that could be used in early diagnosis.Results:A total 64 internet sites
that are in compliance with the research criteria were evaluated. The overall
mean reading level of the texts was found moderate, using the Ateşman formula
and college level according to Bezirci. 18 Web sites had both the risk factors
identified in the development of breast cancer and the methods of screenings.Conclusions: A
total 64 internet sites that are in compliance with the research criteria were
evaluated. The overall mean reading level of the texts was found moderate,
using the Ateşman formula and college level according to Bezirci. 18 Web sites
had both the risk factors identified in the development of breast cancer and
the methods of screenings.
Modelo para el diseño y producción de un multimedia para el curso Recursos Didácticos para el Aprendizaje del Inglés
Authors: Saborío-Taylor Silvia 
Published: March 2019

Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) implican cambios no sólo a nivel global en la sociedad, sino también en los sistemas educativos. Los profesores deben adquirir las competencias necesarias que les faculte para una integración de las TIC en los diferentes escenarios educativos. Paralelo a la propuesta de un rediseño curricular del curso Recursos Didácticos para la Enseñanza del Inglés, se presentó el diseño y producción de un multimedia para informar y proporcionar a los docentes que imparten el curso sobre herramientas tecnológicas aplicables a la enseñanza y aprendizaje del inglés. Como sistematización de la experiencia, este artículo presenta un modelo como guía para los diversos elementos que componen explícitamente la fase de diseño y producción de un material multimedia. De igual forma se incluye aspectos evaluativos posterior al proceso de diseño y producción del multimedio que ayudaron a mejorar la calidad del material desde la perspectiva de aspectos técnicos, estéticos y de contenido.
Tekijän identiteetti taloussanomalehtien pääkirjoituksissa
Authors: Katajamäki Heli 
Published: March 2019

Heli Katajamäen soveltavan kielitieteen alaan kuuluva väitöskirjatutkimus tarkastettiin lauantaina 17. marraskuuta 2018 Vaasan yliopistossa. Vastaväittäjänä toimi dosentti, FT Pekka Pälli Aalto-yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Merja Koskela.
Heli Katajamäki: Tekijän identiteetti taloussanomalehtien pääkirjoituksissa. Pääkirjoitustoimittajan sosiaalisesta roolista tuotettu, teksteistä tulkittu. Vaasan yliopisto. Markkinoinnin ja viestinnän akateeminen yksikkö. Acta Wasaensia 411. Vaasa: Vaasan yliopisto 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-476-833-7.
DISTANCE EDUCATION COMMUNICATIONS: THE SOCIAL PRESENCE AND MEDIA RICHNESS OF INSTANT MESSAGING
Authors: Kuyath Stephen J. , Winter Susan J. 
Published: March 2019

Instant messaging (IM) is changing the way we communicate with each other and may prove to be a more effective communication tool for distance learning environments than the more commonly used discussion groups and email. Media richness and social presence theories are described and young adults’ perception of IM’s richness and social presence are determined. In addition, preferences for using instant messaging for communicating messages of low, medium, and high levels of equivocality were investigated. The results indicate that young adults perceive IM to fall between email and the telephone in both social presence and media richness. As message equivocality increases, preference for the use of the telephone increases while preference for the use of email decreases. Preference for the use of IM increases for messages of intermediate equivocality, but decreases for those of high equivocality. Overall, young adults prefer IM over email as a communication tool, but prefer the phone over IM. Implications for media richness theory, social presence theory, and distance learning are described.
Integrating ALN into an Independent Study Distance Education Program: NVCC Case Studies
Authors: Sener John , Stover Mary Liana 
Published: March 2019

This paper describes eight ALN courses developed under various Sloan Foundation-funded degree program initiatives at Northern Virginia Community College (NVCC) Extended Learning Institute (ELI). These chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and information technology courses offer useful lessons about what makes ALN courses successful. The courses incorporated ALN into an independent study format to increase interaction among learning participants while maximizing learner convenience and flexibility; some courses also focused on both online and in-person collaboration. A wide variety of other course design and delivery strategies contributed to the courses' success. The results of this study indicate that ALN courses can be viable and successful for community college students and that ALN can succeed in a distance education program delivered in an independent study format to motivated learners. NVCC/ELI's experience also suggests that ALN works within a multiple media approach to course design and delivery; that faculty selection, support, and development are critical factors in assuring quality ALN courses; that a wide variety of best practices can result in successful ALN courses; and that the learning effectiveness of ALN courses will continue to improve as better tools, content, and support are developed.
Factors Influencing Faculty Satisfaction with Asynchronous Teaching and Learning in the SUNY Learning Network
Authors: Fredericksen Eric , Pickett Alexandra , Shea Peter , Pelz William , Swan Karen 
Published: March 2019

The State University of New York (SUNY) Learning Network (SLN) is the online instructional program created for the 64 colleges and nearly 400,000 students of SUNY. The foundation of the program is freedom from schedule and location constraints for our faculty and students. The primary goals of the SLN are to bring SUNY's diverse and high-quality instructional programs within the reach of learners everywhere, and to be the best provider of asynchronous instruction for learners in New York State and beyond. We believe that these goals cannot be achieved unless faculty receives appropriate support.This paper will examine factors that have contributed to the high level of faculty satisfaction we have achieved in the SLN. The analysis will be done on several levels. This first section will look at the SLN at a program-wide level and will provide information regarding the systemic implementation of our asynchronous learning environment.The second section examines issues that contribute to on-line teaching satisfaction from a faculty-development and course-design perspective. This section will present the evolution of the four-stage faculty development process and a seven-step course design process that was developed by SLN and comment on lessons learned.The third section presents results from the SLN Faculty Satisfaction Survey conducted in spring 1999. This section examines factors from a quantitative analysis that significantly contributes to faculty satisfaction with online teaching and offers recommendations for course and program design based on these factors.The fourth section examines faculty satisfaction at the level of individual institutions with examples from specific courses. This section will introduce the reader to local implementation of SLN courses at two college programs in the SUNY system: the Department of Educational Theory and Practice at the University at Albany (UA), and the Internet Academy (IA) of Herkimer County Community College (HCCC). These case studies present and examine important evidence of faculty satisfaction from a single-institution and individual-faculty perspective.
Radiological and clinical patterns of myeloid sarcoma
Authors: Meyer Hans-Jonas , Beimler Maximilian , Borte Gudrun , Pönisch Wolfram , Surov Alexey 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a solid tumor of extramedullary localization composed of malignant primitive myeloid cells. The purpose of the study was to identify clinical and imaging features in a large patient sample.

Patients and methods
Overall, 71 cases (34 females (47.9%) and 37 males (52.1%) with a median age of 56 (± 16 years) of histopathologically confirmed myeloid sarcoma were included into this study. The underlying hematological disease, occurrence, localizations and clinical symptoms as well as imaging features on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were investigated.

Results
In 4 cases (5.63%) the manifestation of MS preceded the systemic hematological disease by a mean value of 3.8 ± 2.1 months. In 13 cases, first presentation of MS occurred simultaneously with the initial diagnosis of leukemia, and 51 patients presented MS after the initial diagnosis of the underlying malignancy with a mean latency of 39.8 ± 44.9 SD months. The visceral soft tissue was affected in 26 cases, followed by the cutis/subcutis was affected in 21 cases. Further localizations were bones (n = 13), central nervous system (n = 9), lymph nodes (n = 4) and visceral organs (n = 9).

Conclusions
MS is a rare complication of several hematological malignancies, predominantly of acute myeloid leukemia, which can affect any part of the body. In most cases it occurs after the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy, and affects frequently the cutis and subcutis.
The influence of genetic variability of DNA repair mechanisms on the risk of malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Levpuscek Kristina , Goricar Katja , Kovac Viljem , Dolzan Vita , Franko Alenka 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare aggressive tumour of mesothelium caused by asbestos exposure. It has been suggested that the genetic variability of proteins involved in DNA repair mechanisms affects the risk of MM. This study investigated the influence of functional polymorphisms in ERCC1 and XRCC1 genes, the interactions between these polymorphisms as well as the interactions between these polymorphisms and asbestos exposure on MM risk.

Patients and methods
In total, 237 cases with MM and 193 controls with no asbestos-related disease were genotyped for ERCC1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms.

Results

ERCC1 rs3212986 polymorphism was significantly associated with a decreased risk of MM (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41–0.91; p = 0.014). No associations were observed between other genetic polymorphisms and MM risk. Interactions between polymorphisms did not significantly influence MM risk. Interaction between ERCC1 rs11615 and asbestos exposure significantly influenced MM risk (OR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.12–11.66; p = 0.032). Carriers of polymorphic ERCC1 rs11615 allele who were exposed to low level of asbestos had a decreased risk of MM (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.19–0.84; p = 0.016). Interactions between other polymorphisms and asbestos exposure did not significantly influence MM risk.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the genetic variability of DNA repair mechanisms could contribute to the risk of developing MM.
O LADO ‘NEGO’ DOS MEMES DA INTERNET
Authors: Souza Júnior Jaime De 
Published: March 2019

“Meme nego” foi o nome dado a um “evento digital” (SOUZA JÚNIOR, 2015a; 2015c, p.318) propagado nas redes sociais, no qual postagens apresentam a expressão “nego” associada a imagens e outros recursos léxico-gramaticais que se prestam a construir visões particulares sobre o negro no discurso online. Os posts trazem majoritariamente participantes negros sendo retratados em diversas criações semiótico-discursivas (KRESS e VAN LEEUWEN, 2000; KRESS, 2015; SOUZA JÚNIOR, 2016), e veiculando padrões de composição e de indicação de propósitos/proposições multimodais reconhecidos como “memes da internet” (SOUZA JÚNIOR, 2015a). Assim, tomamos os eventos digitais como “eventos sociais” (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001; 2004) e, também, como fonte de posts/textos (em sentido amplo), objetivando: a) relatar como tais textos podem ser utilizados na produção de atividades pedagógicas (SOUZA JÚNIOR, 2015a; 2015c), mais especificamente, no caso em tela, contemplando a questão racial no contexto brasileiro; b) promover oportunidades para (de/em)bates na perspectiva de mudança social (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001; 2004; 2014), tendo como ponto de partida a sugestão de atividade de letramento visual crítica relacionada com as postagens coletadas.