bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic dissection of root architectural traits by QTL and genome‐wide association mapping in rapeseed (Brassica napus)
Authors: Kiran Aysha , Wakeel Abdul , Snowdon Rod , Friedt Wolfgang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVariation in root architecture is essential for the adaptation of plants to target environments. A non‐destructive gel‐based mini‐rhizotron system was used for root architecture trait phenotyping. This system has facilitated the visualization of root architectural traits in large genotype collection of rapeseed including 94 double haploid (DH) lines from “Express617” x “V8” and 439 inbred lines (ASSYST diversity set). A high‐density Express617‐V8 linkage map was used for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identification in DH population based on standard composite interval mapping. 6K SNPs were analysed for association mapping of root traits in ASSYST diversity set. A large variation, broad segregation and medium–low heritability of root architectural traits, primary root length and growth rate, lateral root number, lateral root length and lateral root density, were observed. In the double haploid population, 11 QTL regions, and in the diversity set, 38 significant marker–trait associations were detected. Significant marker–trait associations proved that these are quantitatively inherited traits controlled by multiple genes which revealed to proceed for genetic improvement and selection of rapeseed lines with improved root system.
Virus‐specific and common transcriptomic responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum) against PVY, PVA and PLRV using microarray meta‐analysis
Authors: Osmani Zhila , Sabet Mohammad Sadegh , Shams‐Bakhsh Masoud , Moieni Ahmad , Vahabi Khabat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPotato as an essential root crop plays a fundamental role in sustenance security of the world. Viruses are among the most critical pathogens that can decrease the quality of products such as potato and their potential yield. Understanding plant responses to various stresses is an economically important subject in global food security, which is seriously threatened by climate changes. One of the effective methodologies to expand the resistance of potato against various stresses can be identified as the natural defence‐related genes. Microarray meta‐analysis was used for finding common patterns in microarray data sets. The results were filtered out by comparing the resistant and susceptible host data sets in combination with the data derived from biotic and abiotic stress experiments. A total of 42 candidate resistance genes were selected, which were specifically regulated during the potato–virus interaction. Also, 265 genes were recognized to respond to virus infection or other stresses. Integration of transcriptome data sets from various microarray studies gives new insight into the potato–stress interactions. Moreover, the selected genes can be used as candidates to enhance potato resistance against viruses.
Competence versus control: The governor's dilemma
Authors: Abbott Kenneth W. , Genschel Philipp , Snidal Duncan , Zangl Bernhard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMost governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. Principal–agent theory views indirect governance primarily as a problem of information: the agent has an informational advantage over the principal, which it can exploit to evade principal control. But indirect governance creates a more fundamental problem of power. Competent intermediaries with needed expertise, credibility, legitimacy, and/or operational capacity are inherently difficult to control because the policy benefits they can create (or the trouble they can cause) give them leverage. Conversely, tight governor control constrains intermediaries. The governor thus faces a dilemma: emphasizing control limits intermediary competence and risks policy failure; emphasizing intermediary competence risks control failure. This “governor's dilemma” helps to explain puzzling features of indirect governance: why it is not limited to principal–agent delegation but takes multiple forms; why governors choose forms that appear counterproductive in an informational perspective; and why arrangements are frequently unstable.
Resolving the unbiasedness and forward premium puzzles
Authors: Thornton Daniel L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere are two unresolved puzzles in the foreign exchange literature. The unbiasedness puzzle – the finding of a marked difference in the conclusion about the forward rate unbiasedness hypothesis depending on whether the hypothesis is tested using the forward rate equation or forward premium equation, and the forward premium puzzle – the fact that more often than not the forward premium incorrectly predicts the direction of the subsequent change in the spot rate. This paper resolves both puzzles.
Forecasting European economic policy uncertainty
Authors: Degiannakis Stavros , Filis George 
Published: January 2019

AbstractForecasting the economic policy uncertainty in Europe is of paramount importance given the ongoing sovereign debt crisis. This paper evaluates monthly economic policy uncertainty index forecasts and examines whether ultra‐high frequency information from asset market volatilities and global economic uncertainty can improve the forecasts relatively to the no‐change forecast. The results show that the global economic policy uncertainty provides the highest predictive gains, followed by the European and US stock market realized volatilities. In addition, the European stock market implied volatility index is shown to be an important predictor of the economic policy uncertainty.
Volatility persistence and asymmetry under the microscope: the role of information demand for gold and oil
Authors: Bampinas Georgios , Panagiotidis Theodore , Rouska Christina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between Google search activity and the conditional volatility of oil and gold spot market returns. By aggregating the volume of queries related to the two commodity markets in the spirit of Da et al. (), we construct a weekly Searching Volume Index (SVI) for each market as proxy of households and investors information demand. We employ a rolling EGARCH framework to reveal how the significance of information demand has evolved through time. We find that higher information demand increases conditional volatility in gold and oil spot market returns. Information flows from Google SVI's reduce the proportion of the significant volatility asymmetry produced by negative shocks in both commodity markets. The latter is more profound in the gold market.
Neuromuscular and Torque Kinetic Changes After 10 Months of Explosive Sport Training in Prepubertal Gymnasts
Authors: Kochanowicz Andrzej , Niespodziński Bartłomiej , Mieszkowski Jan , Sawczyn Stanisław , Cięszczyk Paweł , Kochanowicz Kazimierz 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: To determine neuromuscular and torque kinetic changes after 10 months of explosive sport training in the elbow of prepubertal gymnasts compared with untrained age-matched controls. Methods: In 15 young gymnasts (9.02 [0.41] y) and 15 age-matched untrained males (8.76 [0.51] y), the rate of torque development (RTD) using the Biodex System 4 and the coactivation index were evaluated using electromyography. Explosive strength variables were normalized to the peak torque. Measures were determined twice: before and after a 10-month period of gymnastic training. Covariation analysis was used to account for differences in baseline values between gymnasts and controls. Results: After 10 months of training, gymnasts demonstrated a significantly (P < .05) greater increase in normalized peak RTD values in elbow flexion compared with controls (7.76% vs 0.65%). Covariation analysis also revealed a significantly (P < .05) greater reduction in the coactivation index of elbow extension in the gymnasts (−7.81% [5.44%] points) compared with controls (−1.23% [6.32%] points). Conclusions: Compared with physical development alone, 10 months of explosive-strength training of young gymnasts is sufficient to increase torque-normalized RTD in the elbow joint of prepubertal boys. The RTD changes the authors observed in antagonistic elbow functions vary among gymnasts due to the specific demands of gymnastic training.
Infrared thermography study as a complementary method of screening and prevention of muscle injuries: pilot study
Authors: Côrte Ana Carolina , Pedrinelli André , Marttos Antonio , Souza Ivan Furlan Grava , Grava Joaquim , José Hernandez Arnaldo 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate thermography application as a complementary method in preventing muscle injury in professional soccer players. Methods﻿A longitudinal prospective study with 28 professional soccer players that composed a first division of Brazilian’s soccer team between 2015 and 2016. In both seasons (2015 and 2016), muscle injuries were documented and classified in grade of severity, by ultrasound. During the following season (2016), infrared medical thermography was applied twice a week (48 hours after game) and if a difference of temperature was detected higher than 0.4°C, a prevention protocol was initiated. Muscle injuries in 2016 were documented.ResultsIn 2015, the total number of muscle injuries was 11. In 2016, the total number of muscle injuries was 4 (p=0.04). It represents an incidence/player of 78% in 2015 and 28% in 2016, corresponding to a decrease of 64% in 2016. Seven players played in the first team in both seasons. Among these seven players, muscle injuries were reduced from 8 (in 2015) to 3 (in 2016)—a decrease of 63% in the season we used thermographic monitoring (p=0.06).ConclusionThe pilot data provide a promising catalyst for a rigorous RCT that could examine whether thermography can contribute to a muscle injury prevention programme.
Outcomes of Multimodality In situ Recanalization in Hybrid Operating Room (MIRHOR) for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusions
Authors: Jiang Wei-jian , Liu Ao-Fei , Yu Wengui , Qiu Han-Cheng , Zhang Yi-Qun , Liu Fang , Li Chen , Wang Rong , Zhao Yuan-Li , Lv Jin , Li Tian-Xiao , Liu Ce , Zhou Ji , Zhao Ji-Zong 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAn in situ recanalization procedure of endovascular therapy (ET) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been attempted in patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusions (ICAOs), though the recanalization rates of both are low.ObjectiveTo investigate the outcomes of Multimodality In situ Recanalization for ICAOs in a Hybrid Operating Room (MIRHOR) at the same session.MethodsSymptomatic chronic ICAOs were classified into type A or B (short occlusion with or without a tapered residual root [TRR]), and C or D (long occlusion with or without TRR), and managed in a hybrid operating room with ET, CEA, or both, as needed. Primary efficacy outcome was technical success of recanalization with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 3. Secondary efficacy outcome was any stroke or death within 30 days (primary safety outcome) plus an ipsilateral ischemic stroke after 30 days.ResultsTechnical success was finally achieved in 35 (83.3%) of 42 consecutively enrolled patients with ICAO, which was significantly higher than 35.7% (15/42, p<0.001) from the initial ET or CEA alone. Furthermore, the success rate was in descending order: 100% (18/18) for type A and B occlusions, 75% (6/8) for type C occlusions, and 69% (11/16) for type D occlusions (p=0.017). Two secondary efficacy outcome events (5.1%) without mortality, including one (2.4%) primary safety outcome, were observed during a mean follow-up of 10.5 months.ConclusionThe MIRHOR for symptomatic chronic ICAOs at the same session significantly improves technical success, with low periprocedural complications and favorable clinical outcomes. The ICAO classification appears valuable in predicting technical success.
Effect of routing paradigm on patient centered outcomes in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhou Minerva H , Kansagra Akash P 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundTo compare performance of routing paradigms for patients with acute ischemic stroke using clinical outcomes.MethodsWe simulated different routing paradigms in a system comprising one primary stroke center (PSC) and one comprehensive stroke center (CSC), separated by distances representative of urban, suburban, and rural environments. In the nearest center paradigm, patients are initially sent to the nearest center, while in CSC first, patients are sent to the CSC. In the Rhode Island and distributive paradigms, patients with a FAST-ED (Facial palsy,Arm weakness,Speech changes,Time,Eye deviation, andDenial/neglect) score ≥4 are sent to the CSC, while others are sent to the nearest center or PSC, respectively. Performance and efficiency were compared using rates of good clinical outcome, determined by type and timing of treatment using clinical trial data, and number needed to bypass (NNB).ResultsGood clinical outcome was achieved in 43.76% of patients in nearest center, 44.48% in CSC first, and 44.44% in Rhode Island and distributive in an urban setting; 43.38% in nearest center, 44.19% in CSC first, and 44.17% in Rhode Island in a suburban setting; and 41.10% in nearest center, 43.20% in CSC first, and 42.73% in Rhode Island in a rural setting. In all settings, NNB was generally higher for CSC first compared with Rhode Island or distributive.ConclusionRouting paradigms that allow bypass of nearer hospitals for thrombectomy capable centers improve population level patient outcomes. Differences are more pronounced with increasing distance between hospitals; therefore, paradigm choice may be most impactful in rural settings. Selective bypass, as implemented in the Rhode Island and distributive paradigms, improves system efficiency with minimal impact on outcomes.
Effect of solid state phase transformation on the residual stress in multi-pass weld plates of S355J2W steel
Authors: Zhu Z. , Chen B. , Gou G. , Zhang Z. , Ma C. , Gao W. 
Published: January 2019

The coupling model of temperature-phase transformation-mechanics is constructed in this paper. The effect of solid state phase transformation and different hardening models on the residual stress distribution of S355J2W welded joints have been studied with finite element method (FEM) simulation. The microstructure, micro hardness and residual stress of welded joints are also studied. It has been shown that the microstructure of weld seam is composed of bainite structure with little martensite, while the base metal is ferrites and pearlites. The simulation results by FEM were in good accordance with the X-ray results. The maximum tensile residual stress is 463 MPa in the weld. The tensile residual stress was decreased with the larger distance to the weld.
Diagrammatic algebra: from linear to concurrent systems
Authors: Bonchi Filippo , Holland Joshua , Piedeleu Robin , Sobociński Paweł , Zanasi Fabio 
Published: January 2019

We introduce the resource calculus, a string diagrammatic language for concurrent systems. Significantly, it uses the same syntax and operational semantics as the signal flow calculus --- an algebraic formalism for signal flow graphs, which is a combinatorial model of computation of interest in control theory. Indeed, our approach stems from the simple but fruitful observation that, by replacing real numbers (modelling signals) with natural numbers (modelling resources) in the operational semantics, concurrent behaviour patterns emerge.
The resource calculus is canonical: we equip it and its stateful extension with equational theories that characterise the underlying space of definable behaviours---a convex algebraic universe of additive relations---via isomorphisms of categories. Finally, we demonstrate that our calculus is sufficiently expressive to capture behaviour definable by classical Petri nets.
A true positives theorem for a static race detector
Authors: Gorogiannis Nikos , O'Hearn Peter W. , Sergey Ilya 
Published: January 2019

RacerD is a static race detector that has been proven to be effective in engineering practice: it has seen thousands of data races fixed by developers before reaching production, and has supported the migration of Facebook's Android app rendering infrastructure from a single-threaded to a multi-threaded architecture. We prove a True Positives Theorem stating that, under certain assumptions, an idealized theoretical version of the analysis never reports a false positive. We also provide an empirical evaluation of an implementation of this analysis, versus the original RacerD.
The theorem was motivated in the first case by the desire to understand the observation from production that RacerD was providing remarkably accurate signal to developers, and then the theorem guided further analyzer design decisions. Technically, our result can be seen as saying that the analysis computes an under-approximation of an over-approximation, which is the reverse of the more usual (over of under) situation in static analysis. Until now, static analyzers that are effective in practice but unsound have often been regarded as ad hoc; in contrast, we suggest that, in the future, theorems of this variety might be generally useful in understanding, justifying and designing effective static analyses for bug catching.
Decoupling lock-free data structures from memory reclamation for static analysis
Authors: Meyer Roland , Wolff Sebastian 
Published: January 2019

Verification of concurrent data structures is one of the most challenging tasks in software verification. The topic has received considerable attention over the course of the last decade. Nevertheless, human-driven techniques remain cumbersome and notoriously difficult while automated approaches suffer from limited applicability. The main obstacle for automation is the complexity of concurrent data structures. This is particularly true in the absence of garbage collection. The intricacy of lock-free memory management paired with the complexity of concurrent data structures makes automated verification prohibitive.
In this work we present a method for verifying concurrent data structures and their memory management separately. We suggest two simpler verification tasks that imply the correctness of the data structure. The first task establishes an over-approximation of the reclamation behavior of the memory management. The second task exploits this over-approximation to verify the data structure without the need to consider the implementation of the memory management itself. To make the resulting verification tasks tractable for automated techniques, we establish a second result. We show that a verification tool needs to consider only executions where a single memory location is reused. We implemented our approach and were able to verify linearizability of Michael&Scott's queue and the DGLM queue for both hazard pointers and epoch-based reclamation. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to verify such implementations fully automatically.
Human-Competitive awards 2018
Authors: Langdon W. B. 
Published: January 2019

The GECCO 2018 conference in Kyoto, Japan hosted the 15th annual "Humies" Awards.
The first annual "Humies" competition was held at the 2004 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2004) in Seattle (USA). With its generous prize money (provided by John Koza) it has become a staple of the Genetic and Evolutioary Computing calendar. The Humies offer the opportunity to the EC community to showcase its best work, work, which by definition, is better than human.
Membrane-Anchored Serine Proteases and Protease-Activated Receptor-2–Mediated Signaling: Co-Conspirators in Cancer Progression
Authors: Pawar Nisha R. , Buzza Marguerite S. , Antalis Toni M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pericellular proteolysis provides a significant advantage to developing tumors through the ability to remodel the extracellular matrix, promote cell invasion and migration, and facilitate angiogenesis. Recent advances demonstrate that pericellular proteases can also communicate directly to cells by activation of a unique group of transmembrane G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCR) known as protease-activated receptors (PAR). In this review, we discuss the specific roles of one of four mammalian PARs, namely PAR-2, which is overexpressed in advanced stage tumors and is activated by trypsin-like serine proteases that are highly expressed or otherwise dysregulated in many cancers. We highlight recent insights into the ability of different protease agonists to bias PAR-2 signaling and the newly emerging evidence for an interplay between PAR-2 and membrane-anchored serine proteases, which may co-conspire to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Interfering with these pathways might provide unique opportunities for the development of new mechanism-based strategies for the treatment of advanced and metastatic cancers.
CKAP4, a DKK1 Receptor, Is a Biomarker in Exosomes Derived from Pancreatic Cancer and a Molecular Target for Therapy
Authors: Kimura Hirokazu , Yamamoto Hideki , Harada Takeshi , Fumoto Katsumi , Osugi Yoshihito , Sada Ryota , Maehara Natsumi , Hikita Hayato , Mori Soichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Ikawa Masahito , Takehara Tetsuo , Kikuchi Akira 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is poor; thus, novel molecularly targeted therapy and companion diagnostics are required. We asked whether cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), a novel Dickkopf1 (DKK1) receptor, is a candidate for PDAC diagnosis and therapy.
Experimental Design: Whether CKAP4 can be secreted with small extracellular vesicles (SEV) from PDAC cells was examined. It was also investigated whether CKAP4 can be detected in sera from patients with PDAC by ELISA using newly generated anti-CKAP4 mAbs and whether anti-CKAP4 mAbs can show antitumor activity in vivo.

Results:
CKAP4 was secreted with SEVs from PDAC cells, and the SEVs exhibited the characteristics of exosomes. The secretion of CKAP4-containing exosomes was mediated by DKK1-dependent endocytosis routes and required exosome biogenesis molecules. Two ELISAs capable of detecting tumor-secreted CKAP4 were developed. The serum CKAP4 levels were higher in patients with PDAC than healthy control individuals. CKAP4 was highly detected in the sera of pancreatic tumor-bearing xenografted mice and patients with PDAC, whereas CKAP4 was barely detectable in sera from normal mice and postoperative patients. Anti-CKAP4 mAbs with different epitopes demonstrated the inhibitory activities for the binding of DKK1 and CKAP4, AKT activity, and proliferation and migration of PDAC cells. Anti-CKAP4 mAbs also suppressed xenograft tumor formation in immunodeficient mice and extended the survival of mice receiving intraperitoneal or orthotopic injection of PDAC cells.

Conclusions:
CKAP4 secreted in exosomes may represent a biomarker for PDAC. Anti-CKAP4 mAbs can contribute to the development of novel diagnostic methods and therapeutics.