bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variability in Thermally Driven Cross-Shore Exchange: The Role of Semidiurnal Tides
Authors: Ulloa Hugo N. , Davis Kristen A. , Monismith Stephen G. , Pawlak Geno 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe examine temporal variability of thermally driven baroclinic cross-shore exchange in the context of a tropical fringing reef system focusing on the role of tidally driven alongshore flow. Ensemble diurnal phase averaging of cross-shore flow at the Kilo Nalu Observatory (KNO) in Oahu, Hawaii, shows a robust diurnal signal associated with an unsteady buoyancy/diffusive dynamic balance, although significant variability is observed at subdiurnal time scales. In particular, persistent fortnightly variability in the cross-shore diurnal flow pattern is consistent with modulation by the semidiurnal alongshore tidal flow. The alongshore flow plays a direct role in the cross-shore exchange momentum balance via Coriolis acceleration but also affects the cross-shore circulation indirectly via its influence on vertical turbulent diffusion. An idealized linear theoretical model for thermally driven cross-shore flow is formulated using the long-term time-averaged diurnal dynamic balance at KNO as a baseline. The model is driven at leading order by the surface heat flux, with contributions from the alongshore flow and cross-shore wind appearing as linear perturbations. Superposition of the idealized solutions for Coriolis and time-varying eddy viscosity perturbations are able to reproduce key aspects of the fortnightly variability. Modifying the model to consider a more realistic alongshore flow and considering effects of nightly convection lead to further improvements in comparisons with KNO observations. The ability of the theoretical approach to reproduce the fortnightly patterns indicates that semidiurnal variations in the alongshore flow are effective in modulating the cross-shore flow via Coriolis and vertical turbulent transport mechanisms.
High-Altitude (0–100 km) Global Atmospheric Reanalysis System: Description and Application to the 2014 Austral Winter of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE)
Authors: Eckermann Stephen D. , Ma Jun , Hoppel Karl W. , Kuhl David D. , Allen Douglas R. , Doyle James A. , Viner Kevin C. , Ruston Benjamin C. , Baker Nancy L. , Swadley Steven D. , Whitcomb Timothy R. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Xu Liang , Kaifler N. , Kaifler B. , Reid Iain M. , Murphy Damian J. , Love Peter T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA data assimilation system (DAS) is described for global atmospheric reanalysis from 0- to 100-km altitude. We apply it to the 2014 austral winter of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE), an international field campaign focused on gravity wave dynamics from 0 to 100 km, where an absence of reanalysis above 60 km inhibits research. Four experiments were performed from April to September 2014 and assessed for reanalysis skill above 50 km. A four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) run specified initial background error covariances statically. A hybrid-4DVAR (HYBRID) run formed background error covariances from an 80-member forecast ensemble blended with a static estimate. Each configuration was run at low and high horizontal resolution. In addition to operational observations below 50 km, each experiment assimilated 105 observations of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) every 6 h. While all MLT reanalyses show skill relative to independent wind and temperature measurements, HYBRID outperforms 4DVAR. MLT fields at 1-h resolution (6-h analysis and 1–5-h forecasts) outperform 6-h analysis alone due to a migrating semidiurnal (SW2) tide that dominates MLT dynamics and is temporally aliased in 6-h time series. MLT reanalyses reproduce observed SW2 winds and temperatures, including phase structures and 10–15-day amplitude vacillations. The 0–100-km reanalyses reveal quasi-stationary planetary waves splitting the stratopause jet in July over New Zealand, decaying from 50 to 80 km then reintensifying above 80 km, most likely via MLT forcing due to zonal asymmetries in stratospheric gravity wave filtering.
Global mental health and the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria
Authors: Weine Stevan Merill , Langenecker Scott , Arenliu Aliriza 
Published: May 2018

Background: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project presents innovative ways of investigating mental illness based on behavioral and neurobiological measures of dimensional processes. Although cultural psychiatrists have critiqued RDoC’s implications and limitations for its under-developed focus on context and experience, RDoC presents opportunities for synergies with global mental health. It can capture aspects of clinical or sub-clinical behavior which are less dependent upon Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) and perhaps better elucidate the role of culture in disease expression and resilience. Aim/Results: This article uses the example of migration to describe several starting points for new research: (1) providing components for building an investigable conceptual framework to understand individual’s mental health, resilience and adjustment to migration challenges or social adversities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and (2) identifying measurable factors which determine resilience or vulnerability, to guide development and evaluation of targeted prevention, treatment and recovery strategies for mental health in LMICs. Conclusion: In such ways, RDoC frameworks could help put the new cutting edge neurobiological dimensional scientific advances in a position to contribute to addressing mental health problems amid social adversities in LMICs. However, this would require a much-expanded commitment by both RDoC and global mental health researchers to address contextual and experiential dimensions.
Latin American Studies in China during the Cold War
Authors: Xianglin Mao , Huiye Shi 
Published: May 2018

China’s Latin American studies during the Cold War can be divided into five phases. Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai showed concern for the development of Latin American studies in China. These studies were suspended during the Great Cultural Revolution. The field developed significantly in the 1970s and 1980s, with three academic associations being established and the five major systems of Latin American studies beginning to take shape. After 2000, Sino–Latin American relations entered a new era, and the first 10 years of the century saw their rapid development, opening broad perspectives for the field. Los estudios latinoamericanos en China durante la Guerra Fría se pueden dividir en cinco fases. El presidente Mao Zedong y el primer ministro Zhou Enlai mostraron interés en el desarrollo de dichos estudios, pero estos se suspendieron durante la Revolución Cultural. Posteriormente, el campo se desarrolló de manera significativa durante los años setenta y ochenta gracias al establecimiento de tres asociaciones académicas y conforme se consolidaron los cinco sistemas principales de estudios latinoamericanos. Después del año 2000, las relaciones entre China y Latinoamérica entraron en una nueva fase, y la primera década del nuevo siglo atestiguó un rápido desarrollo que expandió las posibilidades en el campo.
Optical Coherence Tomography of the Tympanic Membrane and Middle Ear: A Review
Authors: Tan Hsern Ern Ivan , Santa Maria Peter Luke , Wijesinghe Philip , Francis Kennedy Brendan , Allardyce Benjamin James , Eikelboom Robert Henry , Atlas Marcus David , Dilley Rodney James 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for tympanic membrane (TM) and middle ear (ME) imaging and to identify what further development is required for the technology to be integrated into common clinical use.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.Review MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed for English language articles published from January 1966 to January 2018 with the keywords “tympanic membrane or middle ear,”“optical coherence tomography,” and “imaging.”ConclusionConventional imaging techniques cannot adequately resolve the microscale features of TM and ME, sometimes necessitating diagnostic exploratory surgery in challenging otologic pathology. As a high‐resolution noninvasive imaging technique, OCT offers promise as a diagnostic aid for otologic conditions, such as otitis media, cholesteatoma, and conductive hearing loss. Using OCT vibrometry to image the nanoscale vibrations of the TM and ME as they conduct acoustic waves may detect the location of ossicular chain dysfunction and differentiate between stapes fixation and incus‐stapes discontinuity. The capacity of OCT to image depth and thickness at high resolution allows 3‐dimensional volumetric reconstruction of the ME and has potential use for reconstructive tympanoplasty planning and the follow‐up of ossicular prostheses.Implications for PracticeTo achieve common clinical use beyond these initial discoveries, future in vivo imaging devices must feature low‐cost probe or endoscopic designs and faster imaging speeds and demonstrate superior diagnostic utility to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. While such technology has been available for OCT, its translation requires focused development through a close collaboration between engineers and clinicians.
Can Predictive Modeling Identify Head and Neck Oncology Patients at Risk for Readmission?
Authors: Manning Amy M. , Casper Keith A. , Peter Kay St. , Wilson Keith M. , Mark Jonathan R. , Collar Ryan M. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveUnplanned readmission within 30 days is a contributor to health care costs in the United States. The use of predictive modeling during hospitalization to identify patients at risk for readmission offers a novel approach to quality improvement and cost reduction.Study DesignTwo‐phase study including retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data followed by prospective longitudinal study.SettingTertiary academic medical center.Subjects and MethodsProspectively collected data for patients undergoing surgical treatment for head and neck cancer from January 2013 to January 2015 were used to build predictive models for readmission within 30 days of discharge using logistic regression, classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, and random forests. One model (logistic regression) was then placed prospectively into the discharge workflow from March 2016 to May 2016 to determine the model's ability to predict which patients would be readmitted within 30 days.ResultsIn total, 174 admissions had descriptive data. Thirty‐two were excluded due to incomplete data. Logistic regression, CART, and random forest predictive models were constructed using the remaining 142 admissions. When applied to 106 consecutive prospective head and neck oncology patients at the time of discharge, the logistic regression model predicted readmissions with a specificity of 94%, a sensitivity of 47%, a negative predictive value of 90%, and a positive predictive value of 62% (odds ratio, 14.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.02‐55.45).ConclusionProspectively collected head and neck cancer databases can be used to develop predictive models that can accurately predict which patients will be readmitted. This offers valuable support for quality improvement initiatives and readmission‐related cost reduction in head and neck cancer care.
Sex Differences in the Association Between Cyberbullying Victimization and Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Kimber Melissa , Boyle Michael H. , Georgiades Katholiki 
Published: May 2018

Objective: To examine sex differences in the association between cyberbullying victimization and mental health (psychological distress and delinquency), substance use-related outcomes (drug and tobacco use, binge drinking), and suicide ideation among adolescents. Method: Data were obtained from the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS; 2013, N=10,272, grade 7 to 12). The sample for analysis included 4,940 students with a mean age of 15.1 years (43.3% male). A series of multi-level, binary, logistic regression models were conducted separately for female and male adolescents to quantify the strength of associations between cyberbullying victimization and study outcomes, after accounting for traditional forms of bullying and demographic covariates. Results: Female adolescents reported significantly higher prevalence of cyberbullying victimization (once, 9.4%; twice or more, 13.3%) as compared with male adolescents (once, 8.3%, twice or more, 7.8%). Exposure to cyberbullying victimization was associated with an increased odds for psychological distress, suicide ideation, and delinquency among both female and male adolescents (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.76 to 4.63); although, the effects were more pronounced in females. Among females, but not males, the odds of reporting psychological distress, suicide ideation, and delinquency increased (in a step-wise fashion) with more frequent exposure to cyberbullying victimization. Cyberbullying victimization was associated with an increased odds of adolescent substance use only among females. Conclusion: Adolescents exposed to cyberbullying victimization demonstrate an increased odds of poorer mental health, substance use outcomes, and suicide ideation. The current study reveals increased risk among female adolescents as compared with male adolescents. These findings lend support for the need to develop and evaluate targeted preventative interventions specifically tailored for female and male adolescents.
Maternal Perception of Adequacy of Mother’s Milk Among Mothers Giving Birth at a Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rodrigo Ranmali , Rodrigo Asiri , Liyanage Nisansala , Hatahagoda Wathsala , Hewavitharana Uthpala 
Published: May 2018

Background: Sri Lanka boasts high rates of early and exclusive breastfeeding. Perceived inadequacy of milk, a global problem, is the main cause for early cessation of breastfeeding. Research Aims: The aims of this study are to (a) determine the prevalence, (b) identify the risk factors, and (c) ascertain the association that maternal psychological distress has with perceived inadequacy of milk (PIM), among mothers during the early postpartum period. Identifying and addressing modifiable risk factors for PIM may improve mothers’ satisfaction with breastfeeding. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of mothers ( n = 249) during the first week after birth was conducted at Colombo North Teaching Hospital (Ragama, Sri Lanka) from May 1, 2016, to June 10, 2016. Participants were recruited when the infant was more than 24 hours but less than 7 days old. A self-administered questionnaire, including the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, was used. Results: The majority of mothers (78%) perceived their milk quantity to be adequate. A family member telling mothers that their milk supply was low had the most significant associations with perceived inadequacy. Other associations were antenatal maternal complications and birth by cesarean section. Kessler scores indicating psychological distress occurred in 26% of all participating mothers, with a higher mean score in those with PIM. Conclusions: Sri Lankan family members should be educated further about normal patterns of milk production during the postpartum period. The authors recommend that PIM be included in screening tools for postpartum depression in Sri Lanka.
Capecitabine-induced myopericarditis – A case report and review of literature
Authors: Saunders Sydney , Anwar Maria 
Published: May 2018

Objective To describe a possible case of capecitabine-induced myopericarditis in a patient at the Cardio-Oncology Clinic in Calgary, AB. Design A literature search and adverse drug reaction assessment with the Naranjo tool was conducted. Results A 39-year-old male with recurrent locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma presented two days after adjuvant treatment with capecitabine and oxaliplatin complaining of intermittent, severe interscapular pain. Based on symptoms, laboratory investigations, and imaging, the patient was diagnosed with acute myopericarditis. Management included aspirin, colchicine, and discontinuing adjuvant chemotherapy. A literature review revealed one case report of capecitabine-induced myopericarditis; however, more data were found regarding the cardiotoxicity of fluorouracil, for which capecitabine is a pro-drug. No case reports were found for oxaliplatin. Conclusion Due to the timeline of capecitabine administration, symptom onset, and improvement upon medication discontinuation, capecitabine is the probable cause of the myopericarditis. Although rare, it is important to consider the possibility of myopericarditis in patients receiving a fluoropyrimidine who present with cardiovascular symptoms.
Atrial fibrillation symptom clusters and associated clinical characteristics and outcomes: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis
Authors: Streur Megan , Ratcliffe Sarah J , Callans David , Shoemaker M Benjamin , Riegel Barbara 
Published: May 2018

Background: Symptom clusters among adults with atrial fibrillation have previously been identified but no study has examined the relationship between symptom clusters and outcomes. Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify atrial fibrillation-specific symptom clusters, characterize individuals with each cluster, and determine whether symptom cluster membership is associated with healthcare utilization. Methods: This was a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of 1501 adults from the Vanderbilt Atrial Fibrillation Registry with verified atrial fibrillation. Self-reported symptoms were measured with the University of Toronto Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale. We used hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward’s method) to identify clusters and dendrograms, pseudo F, and pseudo T-squared to determine the ideal number of clusters. Next, we used regression analysis to examine the association between cluster membership and healthcare utilization. Results: Males predominated (67%) and the average age was 58.4 years. Two symptom clusters were identified, a Weary cluster (3.7%, n=56, fatigue at rest, shortness of breath at rest, chest pain, and dizziness) and an Exertional cluster (32.7%, n=491, shortness of breath with activity and exercise intolerance). Several sociodemographic and clinical characteristics varied by symptom cluster group membership, including age, gender, atrial fibrillation type, body mass index, comorbidity status, and treatment strategy. Women were more likely to experience either cluster ( p<0.001). The Weary cluster was associated with nearly triple the rate of emergency department utilization (incident rate ratio [IRR] 2.8, p<0.001) and twice the rate of hospitalizations (IRR 1.9, p<0.001). Conclusion: We identified two symptom clusters. The Weary cluster was associated with a significantly increased rate of healthcare utilization.
Morphological changes and myocardial function assessed by traditional and novel echocardiographic methods in preadolescent athlete’s heart
Authors: Bjerring Anders W , Landgraff Hege EW , Leirstein Svein , Aaeng Anette , Ansari Hamza Z , Saberniak Jørg , Murbræch Klaus , Bruun Henrik , Stokke Thomas M , Haugaa Kristina H , Hallén Jostein , Edvardsen Thor , Sarvari Sebastian I 
Published: May 2018

Background Athlete’s heart is a term used to describe the morphological and functional changes in the hearts of athletes. Recent studies suggest that these changes may occur even in preadolescent athletes. This study aims to improve our understanding of the changes occurring in the preadolescent athlete’s heart. Design and methods Cardiac morphology and function in 76 preadolescent cross-country skiers (aged 12.1 ± 0.2 years) were compared with 25 age-matched non-competing preadolescents. Echocardiography was performed in all subjects, including 2D speckle-tracking strain echocardiography and 3D echocardiography. All participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess oxygen uptake and exercise capacity. Results Athletes had greater indexed VO2 max (62 ± 7 vs. 44 ± 5 mL/kg per min, p < 0.001), indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume (79 ± 7 vs. 68 ± 7 mL/m2, p < 0.001), left ventricular mass (69 ± 12 vs. 57 ± 13 g/m2, p < 0.001), indexed right ventricular basal diameter (28.3 ± 3.0 vs. 25.4 ± 3.5 mm/m2, p < 0.001) and right atrial area (10.6 ± 1.4 vs. 9.7 ± 1.2 cm2/m2, p < 0.01). There was no difference in left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, and global circumferential strain and right ventricular fractional area change between the groups. Controls had higher right ventricular global longitudinal strain (−28.1 ± 3.5 vs. −31.1 ± 3.3%, p < 0.01). VO2 max was highly correlated to left ventricular end-diastolic volume ( r = 0.76, p < 0.001). Conclusion Athletes had greater left ventricular mass and greater left and right ventricular chamber dimensions compared with controls, while left ventricular function did not differ. Interestingly, right ventricular deformation was significantly lower compared with controls. This supports the notion that there is physiological, adaptive remodelling in preadolescent athlete’s heart.
Treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in paediatric patients: A monocentric experience
Authors: Buonuomo Paola S , Macchiaiolo Marina , Leone Giovanna , Valente Paola , Mastrogiorgio Gerarda , Gnazzo Maria , Rana Ippolita , Gonfiantini Michaela V , Gagliardi Maria G , Romano Francesca , Bartuli Andrea 
Published: May 2018

Background Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia is a rare life-threatening disease characterized by markedly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and accelerated atherosclerosis. The presence of double gene defects in the LDL-Receptor, either the same defect (homozygous) or two different LDL-raising mutations (compound heterozygotes) or other variants, identify the homozygous phenotype (HopFH). Apheresis is a procedure in which plasma is separated from red blood cells before the physical removal of LDL-C or the LDL-C is directly removed from whole blood. It is currently the treatment of choice for patients with HopFH whose LDL-C levels are not able to be reduced to target levels with conventional lipid-lowering drug therapy. Design The aim of this study is to report a cohort of six paediatric patients and to evaluate the long term efficacy of combined medical therapy and LDL-apheresis on LDL-C reduction. Methods We collected data from six children with confirmed diagnosis of HopFH (two females and four males; age range at diagnosis 3–8 years, mean 6 ± 1 years) from a single clinical hospital in Italy from 2007 to 2017. Results Clinical manifestations and outcomes may greatly vary in children with HopFH. Medical therapy and LDL-apheresis for the severe form should be started promptly in order to prevent cardiovascular disease. Conclusions Lipoprotein apheresis is a very important tool in managing patients with HopFH at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on our experience and the literature data, the method is feasible in very young children, efficient regarding biological results and cardiac events, and safe with minor side-effects and technical problems. We advise treating homozygous and compound heterozygous children as soon as possible.