bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in English Past Tense Use by Bilingual School-Age Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Jacobson Peggy F. , Yu Yan H. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine changes in English past tense accuracy and errors among Spanish–English bilingual children with typical development (TD) and developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method
Thirty-three children were tested before and after 1 year to examine changes in clinically relevant English past tense errors using an elicited production task. A mixed-model linear regression using age as a continuous variable revealed a robust effect for age. A 4-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted with age (young, old) and language ability group (TD, DLD) as between-subjects variables, time (Time 1, Time 2) and verb type (regular, irregular, and novel verbs) as within-subject variables, and percent accuracy as the dependent variable. Subsequently, a 4-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to measure the overall distribution of verb errors across 2 time points.

Results
Overall, children produced regular and novel verb past tense forms with higher accuracy than irregular past tense verbs in an elicitation task. Children with TD were more accurate than children with DLD. Younger children made more improvement than older children from Time 1 to Time 2, especially in the regular and novel verb conditions. Bare stem and overregularization were the most common errors across all groups. Errors consisting of stem + ing were more common in children with DLD than those with TD in the novel verb condition.

Discussion
Contrary to an earlier report (Jacobson & Schwartz, 2005), the relative greater difficulty with regular and novel verbs was replaced by greater difficulty for irregular past tense, a pattern consistent with monolingual impairment. Age was a contributing factor, particularly for younger children with DLD who produced more stem + ing errors in the novel verb condition. For all children, and particularly for those with DLD, an extended period for irregular past tense learning was evident. The results support a usage-based theory of language acquisition and impairment.
Aktuelle endoskopische Methoden in der Adipositas- und metabolischen Chirurgie
Authors: Stroh Christine , Will Uwe , Meyer Frank , Manger Thomas 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungAuf dem World Health Summit 2011 wurde die epidemieartige Verbreitung von Diabetes mellitus und Adipositas bestätigt. In Deutschland weisen derzeit 62,7% der Bevölkerung einen BMI über 25 kg/m² und 21,9% einen BMI über 30 kg/m² auf. Derzeit erhalten 10,5 Betroffene pro 100 000 Einwohner einen adipositaschirurgischen Eingriff, währenddessen in Frankreich 86,0 Betroffene und in Schweden sogar 114,8 Betroffene pro 100 000 Einwohner operiert werden. Die Entwicklung zahlreicher endoskopischer Techniken ermöglicht die Konditionierung (Bridging) von Hochrisikopatienten vor dem Einsatz operativer Methoden ebenso wie im therapeutischen Management chirurgischer Komplikationen. Dies erfordert jedoch ein selektives und spezialisiertes Vorgehen. Die Endoskopie in der Adipositas entwickelt sich aktuell zunehmend zu einem Spezialgebiet, das Erfordernis der Kenntnis der metabolisch-chirurgischen Methoden mit spezieller endoskopischer Expertise verbindet. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Übersicht ist es, basierend auf ausgewählter Literatur und eigenen Erfahrungen die aktuellen Konzepte der Endoskopie mit ihren Besonderheiten darzustellen.
Plasma Steroids are Not Associated with Resting and Exercise Blood Pressure
Authors: He Zihong , Rankinen Tuomo , Leon Arthur , Skinner James , Tchernof André , Bouchard Claude 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe investigated the associations between steroid hormones and resting and exercise blood pressure in the sedentary state and in response to an exercise program controlling for sex, body mass, ethnicity, age, oral contraceptives, hormone therapy, smoking and alcohol intake in subjects from the HERITAGE Family Study. In the sedentary state, 267 men (28% Blacks) and 301 women (37% Blacks) were available, and 241 men and 254 women completed the exercise program. Fourteen steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were assayed in a fasted state. Statistical significance was set at a Bonferroni adjusted p<0.0001. After controlling for the various covariates, only testosterone came close to a significant correlation with exercise systolic blood pressure at 50 W (r=−0.21, P=0.0006) in men. No other correlations with resting and exercise blood pressure traits were found at baseline. There were significant changes in blood pressure in response to the exercise program, but none of the correlations with baseline plasma steroids reached statistical significance. Plasma steroids do not correlate with resting and exercise blood pressure in sedentary adults and do not associate with blood pressure changes in response to a 20-week endurance exercise program.
Infraspecific Variation of Huperzine A and B in Icelandic Huperzia selago Complex
Authors: Xu Maonian , Heidmarsson Starri , Thorsteinsdottir Margret , Wasowicz Pawel , Sun Hang , Deng Tao , Omarsdottir Sesselja , Olafsdottir Elin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe alkaloids huperzine A and huperzine B were originally isolated from the Chinese club moss Huperzia serrata. They are known inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, and especially huperzine A shows pharmaceutical potential for the treatment of Alzheimerʼs disease. Its supply heavily relies on natural plant sources belonging to the genus Huperzia, which shows considerable interspecific huperzine A variations. Furthermore, taxonomic controversy remains in this genus, particularly in the Huperzia selago group. With focus on Icelandic H. selago taxa, we aimed to explore the relatedness of Huperzia species using multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, and to investigate correlations between huperzine A contents, morphotypes, and genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with five chloroplastic loci (the intergenic spacer between the photosystem II protein D1 gene and the tRNA-His gene, maturase K, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit, tRNA-Leu, and the intergenic spacer region between tRNA-Leu and tRNA-Phe). Huperzine A and huperzine B contents were determined using an HPLC-UV method. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that previously proposed Huperzia appressa and Huperzia arctica should not be considered species, but rather subspecies of H. selago. Three genotypes of Icelandic H. selago were identified and presented in a haplotype networking diagram. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher amount of huperzine A was found in H. selago genotype 3 (264 – 679 µg/g) than genotype 1 (20 – 180 µg/g), where the former shows a typical green and reflexed “selago” morphotype. The huperzine A content in genotype 3 is comparable to Chinese H. serrata and a good alternative huperzine A source. Genotype 2 contains multiple morphotypes with a broad huperzine A content (113 – 599 µg/g). The content of huperzine B in Icelandic taxa (6 – 13 µg/g) is much lower than that in Chinese H. serrata (79 – 207 µg/g).
Bilateral Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation in a Case of Progressive Dystonia in Mohr-Tranebjaerg Syndrome with Bilateral Cochlear Implants
Authors: Rijntjes Michel , Sajonz Bastian , Piroth Tobias , Prokop Thomas , Jost Wolfgang , Trippel Michael , Urbach Horst , Reinacher Peter , Coenen Volker 
Published: October 2018

Introduction A 28-year-old man presented with a history of sensorineural deafness since early childhood treated with bilateral cochlear implants (CIs). He showed signs of debilitating dystonia that had been present since puberty. Dystonic symptoms, especially a protrusion of the tongue and bilateral hand tremor, had not responded to botulinum toxin therapy. We diagnosed Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome (MTS).
Methods and Material Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the bilateral globus pallidus internus was performed predominantly with stereotaxic computed tomography angiography guidance under general anesthesia. Electrophysiology was used to identify the target regions and to guide DBS electrode placement.
Results In the immediate postoperative course and stimulation, the patient showed marked improvement of facial, extremity, and cervical dystonia. More than 2 years after implantation, his dystonic symptoms had dramatically improved by 82%.
Discussion MTS is a rare genetic disorder leading to sensorineural deafness, dystonia, and other symptoms. The use of DBS for the dystonia in MTS was previously described but not in the presence of bilateral CIs.
Conclusion DBS in MTS may be a viable option to treat debilitating dystonic symptoms. We describe successful DBS surgery, despite the presence of bilateral CIs, and stimulation therapy over 2 years.
“Vertical Root Fracture”- A Dilemma Revisited
Authors: Kukreja Navneet , Agarwal Disha , Bansal Abhishek , Chaudhary Devendra , Kukreja Urvashi , Mittal Sangam 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDiagnosis of vertical root fracture in an endodontically treated tooth presents with various difficulties. The diagnosis of such a fracture is a challenge to the clinician since it is based on subjective parameters. There are, however, many specific clinical and radiographical signs which, when present, can alert clinicians to the existence of such a fracture. Various methods to clinically diagnose vertical root fracture include conventional methods such as illumination, periodontal probing, staining, direct visual examination and newer techniques such as cone beam computed tomography, optical coherence tomography. The management of a vertical root fracture has always been considered a difficult task for the endodontist. This article provides an insight into the various methods of diagnosis and treatment strategies for the vertical root fracture.
Diode Lasers in Dentistry-The One Tool to Cure Them All - Case Series
Authors: Kaur Harjit , Jain Sanjeev , Mahajan Gaurav , Saxena Divya , Kochhar Sumit , Pandav Gaurav 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe breakthrough for dental laser systems came in the mid 1990’s. Among the various laser types with corresponding wavelengths, diode laser systems quickly began establishing themselves as compact, competitively priced and versatile additions to the dentist’s repertoire, predominantly for performing soft tissue applications. The advantages of laser use include a relatively bloodless operating field, sterilization of the wound site, minimal swelling and scarring, reduction of surgical time and less postoperative pain to the patient. It should appeal to dental professionals seeking to optimize the procedures they currently perform and expand the number of services they offer.
CAD-CAM Implant Abutments-A Solution for Challenging Clinical Cases
Authors: Kuckreja Harinder , Kuckreja K 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDue to the success of osseointegration and improved surgical protocols, implant placement has become a routine practice in most of the dental clinics. The latest developments focus on the implant superstructure and prosthodontic phase. In digitally driven world, use of virtually designed and milled implant abutments is growing exponentially. More and more dentists are going in for customised milled abutments for predicable soft tissue contours and esthetics. The present article discusses about the restorative options for a few clinical situations where custom milled abutments seemed a best option.
Dental Sexual Dimorphism
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Gupta Sameer , Sharma Avdesh , Bhardwaj Vandana , Sharma Pooja , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective : Forensic odontology is a lineage that deals in relation to jaws and teeth as evidence to law and justice. Tooth serves as a prime importance in the context of sex identification. (1) To investigate whether there exists any correlation between odontometric measures and sexual dimorphism. (2) To compare the inter-canine arch width of mandible. (3) To evaluate the mean value of standard mandibular canine index. Method: This study is an odontometric analysis performed intra-orally with a sample of 150 teeth (75male:75 female) on students of Kanti Devi Dental college, Mathura. Mesiodistal dimensions of mandibular right and left canine with a caliper device and statistical analysis for significance of sexual dimorphism was done with student’s t test. Result: The result showed that sexual dimorphism is significant in relation to mesiodistal diameter of canine. Furthermore, there was statistical significant difference in tooth crown dimension between males and females where the males showed higher mean values. Conclusion: The study show definite statistically significant sexual dimorphism hence they can play significant role in providing expertise in civil & criminal proceedings to ensure that forensic dentistry will remain viable component of forensic medicine.
Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs Among Residents of Orphanages in Panchkula District, Haryana, India
Authors: Bansal Mohit , Veeresha K , Walia Navdeep 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs among residents of orphanages in Panchkula district. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 11 orphanages of Panchkula District in which all the 464 subjects aged 4-26 years were examined. A Modified WHO format (1997) was used to record the oral health status and demographic details. The inmates needing the treatment were treated up to the best possible extent. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was found to be 22.7% while for the primary dentition was 5.73%. The mean DMFT was 1.01 whereas the mean dft was 0.28. 58.1% had healthy periodontium, 28% had CPI score 2 followed by 13.6% who had CPI score 1. 16.4% subjects had various grades of dental fluorosis. 56.7% of the subjects had never visited a dental surgeon. Conclusion: The results from this baseline study indicate that the prevalence of dental diseases is high among orphans. They have many cumulative treatment needs and very poor access to oral health care. Therefore, educational programs are to be initiated for the orphans regarding causes, prevention and treatment of dental diseases. It is crucial to generate considerable efforts to implement health promotion strategies to reverse the observed trends and to provide treatment to dental problems to prevent their biologic and psychological consequences.
Surgical Vs Nonsurgical Therapy Adjuncted with Tetracycline Local Drug Delivery in Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Karnik Aashutosh , Baburaj Mala 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine if non-surgical therapy adjuncted with local drug delivery of tetracycline fibers produces at least optimally comparable results as surgical therapy in non-insulin dependent diabetic individuals with moderate to severe periodontitis. Method and Materials: 80 sites with periodontal pockets measuring 5-8 mm in 40 controlled non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients were treated with either tetracyclinelocal drug deliveryorflap surgery. Measurements of Probing pocket depth and Clinical attachment level at selected sites in each patient along with Plaque Index and Gingival Index were documented at baseline and after 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 9 weeks and 12 weeks post treatment. Results: Both non-surgical therapy adjuncted with local drug delivery and surgical therapy were found to be comparably effectivein reduction of all parameters except Probing Pocket Depth, for which surgical therapy wasstatistically significantly more efficacious(p<0.01), though clinically the difference was insignificant. Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, non-surgical therapy adjuncted with local drug delivery of tetracycline fibers appears to be clinically as efficacious as surgical therapy and may be employed as the preferred therapy for treatment of deep pockets measuring 5-8 mm in controlled non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of A 3 Year Old Child With Ectodermal Dysplasia – A Case Report
Authors: Bector Aditi , Kaur Avninder , Acharya Shivesh , Rajpal Sumeet , Awasthi Surabhi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEctodermal dysplasia are rare hereditary disorders characterized by abnormal development of certain tissues and structures of ectodermal origin. Children affected need multidisciplinary approach and a removable prosthesis is recommended in initial years of life to prevent bone resorption, improve esthetics, mastication and speech apart from boosting self image. Implants are recommended only once the growth is complete. This case reports hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with partial anodontia in a 3 year old child, rehabilitated with partial denture in maxillary and complete denture in mandibular arch.
Comparison of Prevalence of Periodontitis with Different Indices in Population of District Ghaziabad
Authors: Kumar Vimal , Arora Pallak , Khatri Manish , Sharma Shivani , Malhotra Sumit , Sharma Vandana 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease with different indices. Methods & materials: The study population consisted of multistage stratified random sample of 1300 subjects from total population of district Ghaziabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted with multi stage stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample population. The subjects were divided into different age groups and the periodontal assessment was made on the basis of CPITN index and ESI Index. Results: The CPITN has shown to estimate incorrect periodontal disease prevalence because of its underestimation of the disease severity. A huge difference was noticed in the prevalence rate of periodontitis when subjects were examined with ESI index. Conclusion Periodontal disease was found to be highly prevalent in the study population and severity of disease increased with age. More number of subjects in younger age group were found to be healthy.
The Effect of Different Post Materials and Cements on Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth–An in Vitro Study
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Garg Nisha , Bogra Poonam , Nikhil Vineeta , Garg Amit , Thakur Anamika 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of various post materials and cements on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Material and methods: Three post systems; custom made Ni-Cr post and core, prefabricated stainless steel and carbon fibre post with composite core and two different luting cements i.e glass ionomer and resin cements were used. Results and conclusions: Carbon fibre post cemented with resin cements showed higher failure load than Ni-Cr and stainless steel post and resin cement performed better than glass ionomer cement, the mode of fracture was more favourable with carbon fibre post than in metallic post.
Widening The Horizon of Forensic Dentistry
Authors: Arora Sheen , Arora Aman , Gupta Nitika , Goyal Aditi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDenture labelling is not a new concept in either prosthetic or forensic dentistry and its routine practice has been urged by forensic dentists internationally for many years. Prosthodontists are playing very important role in forensic dentistry as they are concerned with fabrication of various prosthesis which can serve as an important tool for identification. The main objective of this article is to discuss the various methods available for denture marking along with three case reports.
Periodontal Microsurgery and Microsurgical Instrumentation: A Review
Authors: Kang Kawaldeep , Grover Deepak , Goel Viniti , Kaushal Sumit , Kaur Gurpreet 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncreasing surgical refinement of procedures to meet both biologic and esthetic demands of patients is seen in today's periodontal practice. For these new technologies, instruments, and surgical techniques are necessary. Technical skills of the clinician are challenged by the limit of range of visual acuity. Periodontal microsurgery improves the outcome of basic periodontal surgical procedures by enhancing normal vision through magnification along with favorable lighting system. It gives enhanced outcomes not possible with traditional macrosurgery in terms of passive wound closure and reduced tissue trauma. The purpose of this review is to provide brief knowledge of periodontal microsurgery: the role of magnification, microsurgical instrumentation and applications of microsurgery.
Botox – A New Weapon in a Dentist's Arsenal
Authors: Sachdeva Mitasha , Dua Vinay , Gupta Puneet , Ahuja Gaurav 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBotulinum toxin was first used therapeutically by a German physician Justinus Kerner (1786-1862). Trade name BOTOX was given by Allergan, Inc, Irvine, Calif for treating strabismus, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm. It is neurotoxin derived from an anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACH), a neurotransmitter responsible for the activation of muscle contraction and its administration results in diminution of tone in the injected muscle. It has found a variety of uses in dentistry like treatment of gummy smile, masseteric hypertrophy, bruxism, temporomandibular disorders and so on. It is a minimally invasive and cosmetically effective method of treating several conditions with excessive muscle contraction.
Bisphosphonates and Implants
Authors: Goyal Eva , Sharma Vivek , Bhatia Vineet , Gill Jaspreet , Gupta Gagandeep 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe posterior portion of the maxilla has been described as the most difficult part of the mouth for the implant practitioner, and it requires great ability to achieve successful results. Anatomical considerations include reduced bone quantity, especially in patients who have had alveolar resorption in the wake of tooth loss. So, it may be necessary to perform a bone augmentation procedure before placing the implant. However, one disadvantage of using autogenous bone is the unpredictable bone resorption, which might be reduced by the use of bisphosphonates, perhaps locally. Bisphosphonates have been tested for treating osteoporosis and they are in clinical use. These drugs can also be used to reduce peri-implant resorption thereby allowing orthopedic implants to achieve a stronger primary fixation. Once released from the surface of a coated implant, bisphosphonates reduce osteoclast activity, thereby changing the balance of bone turnover, leading to a net increase in local bone density. Clinically, this idea has been tested in orthopedics but not in dentistry. For dental implants, improved fixation would enable surgeons to push the limits regarding the quality of bone (in a surgical sense) in which implants can be inserted.
To Evaluate the Marginal Fit of Metal Copings Fabricated by Conventional Casting Procedure and Direct Metal Laser Sintering Technology – an In Vitro Study
Authors: Sharma Monica , Bansal Ajay , Panthi Sunny , Malik Shefali , Sharma Atulya 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate marginal fit of cobalt- chromium (Co-Cr) copings fabricated by direct metal laser sintering system (DMLS) and conventional lost-wax technique (LW). Materials and method: Forty tooth preparations were carried out over extracted mandibular molars. They were divided into two groups A and B of 20 each. For group A Co-Cr copings were fabricated by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and for group B by lost wax technique (LW). Glass –ionomer cement (GIC) was used to tack the copings over their preparations. Marginal fit was then evaluated directly under the stereomicroscope. Results: The mean marginal gap of group A was 27.9 ± 2.4 μm and group B was 40.4 ±6 μm. Statistical analysis using t - test showed highly significant difference (P>.05) between the marginal mean of the DMLS (group A) compared to LW (group B). Conclusion: The DMLS copings demonstrated superior marginal fit compared to that of conventional Co-Cr casted copings.