bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicenter investigation of respiratory syncytial viral infection in children with hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Rowan Courtney M. , Gertz Shira J. , Zinter Matt S. , Moffet Jerelyn , Bajwa Rajinder P. S. , Barnum Jessie L. , Kong Michele ,   the Hematopoietic Cell Transplant group of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigator (PALISI) network
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) may be a risk factor for morbidity and mortality from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Previous studies have been limited by small sample size. We took a multicenter approach with the goal of better understanding the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, morbidity, and mortality associated with RSV infections among children with HCT in the United States.MethodsA retrospective, multicenter, cohort study of pediatric HCT recipients were diagnosed with RSV infection between January 2010 and December 2014.ResultsOf the 1522 HCT, 47 (3%) patients were diagnosed with RSV. Of those with RSV, 9 (19.1%) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), 6 (12.8%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1 died. Prophylactic palivizumab was uncommon. All who required critical care received ribavirin vs 7.3% of those who did not (P = .004). Cobacterial infections were found in 16 patients and were not associated with the need for critical care. We examined potential risk factors for severity of RSV disease. In those who received invasive ventilation, 100% had one of the preidentified risk factors. Half of those requiring mechanical ventilation were diagnosed with RSV during their conditioning for transplant as opposed to only 2.4% of those that did not require invasive mechanical ventilation (P = .005).ConclusionsIn this multicenter cohort, RSV was not common in children following HCT. Few children infected with RSV required critical care and mortality was low. Those diagnosed with RSV during conditioning for transplant were at higher risk for invasive mechanical ventilation.
De novo CMV‐associated collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Patel Anup M. , Zenenberg Robert D. , Goldberg Ryan J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCollapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a variant of FSGS and is associated with severe nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury and can occur after kidney transplantation. The exact mechanism of collapsing FSGS after kidney transplantation is unknown, but potential causes include autoimmune diseases, certain malignancies, bisphosphonates, m‐TOR inhibitors, interferon‐alpha, HIV infection, and other viruses. We describe a case of de novo Cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐associated collapsing FSGS in a kidney transplant recipient with a UL97 phosphotransferase mutation that was successfully treated with intravenous ganciclovir, intravenous immunoglobulin, and steroids.
Molecular diversity and landscape genomics of the crop wild relative Triticum urartu across the Fertile Crescent
Authors: Brunazzi Alice , Scaglione Davide , Talini Rebecca Fiorella , Miculan Mara , Magni Federica , Poland Jesse , Enrico Pè Mario , Brandolini Andrea , Dell'Acqua Matteo 
Published: March 2018

SummaryModern plant breeding can benefit from the allelic variation that exists in natural populations of crop wild relatives that evolved under natural selection in varying pedoclimatic conditions. In this study, next‐generation sequencing was used to generate 1.3 million genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on ex situ collections of Triticum urartu L., the wild donor of the Au subgenome of modern wheat. A set of 75 511 high‐quality SNPs were retained to describe 298 T. urartu accessions collected throughout the Fertile Crescent. Triticum urartu showed a complex pattern of genetic diversity, with two main genetic groups distributed sequentially from west to east. The incorporation of geographical information on sampling points showed that genetic diversity was correlated to the geographical distance (R2 = 0.19) separating samples from Jordan and Lebanon, from Syria and southern Turkey, and from eastern Turkey, Iran and Iraq. The wild emmer genome was used to derive the physical positions of SNPs on the seven chromosomes of the Au subgenome, allowing us to describe a relatively slow decay of linkage disequilibrium in the collection. Outlier loci were described on the basis of the geographic distribution of the T. urartu accessions, identifying a hotspot of directional selection on chromosome 4A. Bioclimatic variation was derived from grid data and related to allelic variation using a genome‐wide association approach, identifying several marker–environment associations (MEAs). Fifty‐seven MEAs were associated with altitude and temperature measures while 358 were associated with rainfall measures. The most significant MEAs and outlier loci were used to identify genomic loci with adaptive potential (some already reported in wheat), including dormancy and frost resistance loci. We advocate the application of genomics and landscape genomics on ex situ collections of crop wild relatives to efficiently identify promising alleles and genetic materials for incorporation into modern crop breeding.
Detection, characterization, and enrollment of donors of Ebola convalescent plasma in Sierra Leone
Authors: Tedder Richard S. , Samuel Dhan , Dicks Steve , Scott Janet T. , Ijaz Samreen , Smith Catherine C. , Adaken Charlene , Cole Christine , Baker Samuel , Edwards Tansy , Kamara Philip , Kargbo Osman , Niazi Saidia , Nwakanma Davis , d'Alessandro Umberto , Burch Graham , Doughty Heidi , Brown Colin S. , Andrews Nick , Glynn Judith R. , van Griensven Johan ,   Ebola_CP Consortium Investigators, Pollakis Georgios , Paxton William A. , Semple Malcolm G. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDPassive therapy with convalescent plasma provides an early opportunity to intervene in Ebola virus disease (EVD). Methods for field screening and selection of potential donors and quantifying plasma antibody are needed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRecombinant Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) was formatted into immunoglobulin G‐capture, competitive, and double‐antigen bridging enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). EVD survivors in Freetown, Sierra Leone, were recruited as potential plasma donors and assessed locally using sera alone and/or paired sera and oral fluids (ORFs). Uninfected controls comprised unexposed Gambians and communities in Western Area, Sierra Leone. Antibody neutralization in selected sera was measured retrospectively in a pseudotype virus assay.RESULTSA total of 115 potential donors were considered for enrollment: 110 plasma samples were concordantly reactive in the three EIAs; three were concordantly unreactive and two were reactive in two of three EIAs (98.2% agreement; 95% confidence interval [CI], 93.9%‐99.8%). In 88 donors with paired ORF and plasma, G‐capture EIA reactivity correlated well in the two analytes (R2 = 0.795). Plasma and ORF from 44 Gambians were unreactive. ORF samples from 338 of 339 unexposed Western Area community controls were unreactive (specificity, 99.7%; 95% CI, 98.4%‐99.7%); ORF samples from 113 of 116 Kerry Town EVD survivors were reactive (sensitivity, 97.4%; 95% CI, 92.5%‐99.5%). Strong reactivity in G‐capture and/or competitive EIAs identified donors with high plasma EBOV GP antibody levels in the double‐antigen bridging assay, correlating with high levels of neutralizing antibody.CONCLUSIONSIn‐field testing can qualify convalescent donors for providing high‐titer antibody.
Red blood cell transfusion in perioperative pediatric anesthesia: a survey of current practice in Germany
Authors: Wittenmeier Eva , Troeber Claudius , Zier Ulrike , Schmidtmann Irene , Pirlich Nina , Becke Karin , Piepho Tim 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDLittle is known about the current practice of the perioperative transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) in pediatric patients. This study was performed to evaluate the practice of RBC transfusion in German pediatric anesthesia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAn online survey was conducted among members of the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care. Participants were asked to indicate the hemoglobin (Hb) thresholds for starting RBC transfusion in six cases of different bleeding situations in pediatric anesthesia. Demographics of participants, general knowledge, and application of transfusion rules and guidelines were assessed.RESULTSWe included 1207 of 1396 returned questionnaires. Of the respondents, 89% were qualified specialists and 68% had experience in anesthesia in children aged less than 6 months. The lowest median Hb transfusion threshold was 6 g/dL in a 16‐year‐old and the highest was 10 g/dL in a premature neonate. Intraoperative Hb thresholds increased for clinically unstable (median difference to clinically stable children, +1 g/dL; p < 0.001) or neonate and premature children (median difference to older children, +1 and +2 g/dL; p < 0.001). The stated Hb threshold ranges were broad, especially in neonates or premature children (interquartile range, neonates 3, premature children 4 g/dL). Of the participants, only 16% had knowledge of a guideline that includes blood transfusion in children.CONCLUSIONStriking variability exists in practice of perioperative pediatric RBC transfusion. A specialized guideline for perioperative blood transfusion in children could be helpful to define and promote optimal pediatric RBC transfusion strategies.
Seed biology of Mikania micrantha in Viti Levu, Fiji
Authors: Macanawai A R , Day M D , Adkins S W 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMikania micrantha (mile‐a‐minute) reproduces both by seed and vegetatively. A study to determine the possible pollinators, seed production rates, temperature and salinity limitations to germination and its seedbank size and persistence was conducted in Viti Levu, Fiji. Representatives of the Diptera had the greatest percentage of all floral visits (38%), followed by Hymenoptera (34%) and Lepidoptera (27%), while the honeybee was the most recurring visitor (18% of all visits). Flower heads (capitula) within the inflorescence commonly formed four viable seeds, resulting in 60 820 filled seed being produced per m2. However, the seedbanks formed were not massive (600 seed m−2) and they were moderately persistent (T50: 1–3 years). Seed germination from both high and moderate rainfall regions occurred rapidly, under a wide range of temperature regimes, with no primary dormancy being observed. This study indicates that the seed reproductive success of M. micrantha in the two rainfall regions of Fiji is due to a number of factors, including the production of large numbers of flowers, successful pollination by local insects and the subsequent production of a large number of viable seeds. These seeds have high viability, no dormancy and are capable of forming small‐to‐medium seedbanks that are moderately long‐lived. In addition, seeds can germinate under a wide range of temperature and salinity conditions. This knowledge on seed production, biology, longevity and salt tolerance is vital in the development of management plans of M. micrantha in Fiji.
Quantification of regulating ecosystem services provided by weeds in annual cropping systems using a systematic map approach
Authors: Blaix C , Moonen A C , Dostatny D F , Izquierdo J , Le Corff J , Morrison J , Von Redwitz C , Schumacher M , Westerman P R 
Published: March 2018

SummaryEcosystem services have received increasing attention in life sciences, but only a limited amount of quantitative data are available concerning the ability of weeds to provide these services. Following an expert focus group on this topic, a systematic search for articles displaying evidence of weeds providing regulating ecosystem services was performed, resulting in 129 articles. The most common service found was pest control and the prevailing mechanism was that weeds provide a suitable habitat for natural enemies. Other articles showed that weeds improved soil nutrient content, soil physical properties and crop pollinator abundance. Weeds were found to provide some important ecosystem services for agriculture, but only a small number of studies presented data on crop yield. Experimental approaches are proposed that can: (i) disentangle the benefits obtained from ecosystem services provisioning from the costs due to weed competition and (ii) quantify the contribution of diverse weed communities in reducing crop competition and in providing ecosystem services. Existing vegetation databases can be used to select weed species with functional traits facilitating ecosystem service provisioning while having a lower competitive capacity. However, for services such as pest control, there are hardly any specific plant traits that have been identified and more fundamental research is needed.
Building Capacity for Evidence‐Based Practice: Understanding How Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) Source Knowledge
Authors: Phillips Leah , Neumeier Melanie 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn Canada, all nurses are required to engage in evidence‐based practice (EBP) as an entry‐to‐practice competency; however, there is little research that examines Licensed Practical Nurses’ (LPNs’) information seeking behaviors or preferred sources of knowledge to conduct EBP.AimsDue to the differences in education and roles of LPNs and Registered Nurses (RNs), it is both necessary and important to gain an understanding of how LPNs utilize evidence in their unique nursing practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate how LPNs source knowledge for their nursing practice.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional survey of LPNs from Alberta, Canada asked participants to rank sources of knowledge that inform their practice. Responses were correlated with age and years of practice. Analysis of variance was used to determine if there were significant mean differences between average scores and place of employment.ResultsLPN participants used similar sources of knowledge as RNs. The top source of knowledge for both RNs and LPNs was the information they learn about each individual client and the least utilized sources of knowledge were articles published in nursing, medical, and research journals, tradition, and popular media. This finding is consistent with previous studies on RNs that found nurses do not often access current research evidence to inform their practice.Linking Evidence to ActionSince relatively few LPNs access nursing and research journals, it is important to tailor EBP education information to the workplace context. Future avenues of research might explore the potential of using in‐services and webinars to disseminate information and skills training on EBP to the LPNs, as this was a popular source of practice knowledge.
Feedforward neural control of toe walking in humans
Authors: Lorentzen Jakob , Willerslev‐Olsen Maria , Hüche Larsen Helle , Svane Christian , Forman Christian , Frisk Rasmus , Farmer Simon Francis , Kersting Uwe , Nielsen Jens Bo 
Published: March 2018

Key points
Activation of ankle muscles at ground contact during toe walking is unaltered when sensory feedback is blocked or the ground is suddenly dropped.
Responses in the soleus muscle to transcranial magnetic stimulation, but not peripheral nerve stimulation, are facilitated at ground contact during toe walking.
We argue that toe walking is supported by feedforward control at ground contact.
AbstractToe walking requires careful control of the ankle muscles in order to absorb the impact of ground contact and maintain a stable position of the joint. The present study aimed to clarify the peripheral and central neural mechanisms involved. Fifteen healthy adults walked on a treadmill (3.0 km h−1). Tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (Sol) EMG, knee and ankle joint angles, and gastrocnemius–soleus muscle fascicle lengths were recorded. Peripheral and central contributions to the EMG activity were assessed by afferent blockade, H‐reflex testing, transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) and sudden unloading of the planter flexor muscle–tendon complex. Sol EMG activity started prior to ground contact and remained high throughout stance. TA EMG activity, which is normally seen around ground contact during heel strike walking, was absent. Although stretch of the Achilles tendon–muscle complex was observed after ground contact, this was not associated with lengthening of the ankle plantar flexor muscle fascicles. Sol EMG around ground contact was not affected by ischaemic blockade of large‐diameter sensory afferents, or the sudden removal of ground support shortly after toe contact. Soleus motor‐evoked potentials elicited by TMS were facilitated immediately after ground contact, whereas Sol H‐reflexes were not. These findings indicate that at the crucial time of ankle stabilization following ground contact, toe walking is governed by centrally mediated motor drive rather than sensory driven reflex mechanisms. These findings have implications for our understanding of the control of human gait during voluntary toe walking.
Stem Cell Properties of Normal Human Keratinocytes Determine Transformation Responses to Human Papillomavirus 16 DNA
Authors: Woappi Yvon , Hosseinipour Maria , Creek Kim E. , Pirisi Lucia 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the genital tract is common; however, only about 10 to 15% of infections persist, and approximately 10 to 15% of these persistent infections result in cancer. Basal epidermal stem cells are the presumed target cells for HPV infection, providing a reservoir of latently infected cells that persist over time and initiate lesions. However, it is not known whether stem cell density has any influence on transformation of human keratinocytes by HPV. We explored the relationship between stem cell properties of normal human keratinocytes and their susceptibility to transformation by HPV16 DNA. Normal human keratinocyte isolates (NHKc) derived from different donors were cultured in three-dimensional anchorage-free suspension to assess their spheroid-forming ability. NHKc spheroids were then plated back into plastic monolayer culture and transfected with full-length HPV16 DNA, which we have previously shown to integrate into the host cell genome upon transfection. Spheroid-derived NHKc (SD-NHKc) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified populations of basal stem-like keratinocytes, expressing low levels of epidermal growth factor receptor and high levels of integrin alpha 6 (EGFR
lo
/ITGα6
hi
), responded to transfection with HPV16 DNA with more vigorous proliferation, greater immortalization efficiency, and faster progression to differentiation resistance than autologous mass-cultured cells. Conversely, cells committed to terminal differentiation (EGFR
hi
/ITGα6
lo
) grew slowly after transfection with HPV16 and failed to generate immortalized or DR clones. HPV16 DNA induced stem cell properties in mass-cultured NHKc. We conclude that HPV16 preferentially immortalizes basal keratinocytes with stem cell properties and that these cells readily achieve a differentiation-resistant phenotype upon immortalization by HPV16.

IMPORTANCE
This paper explores the relationship between the stem cell properties of normal human epidermal cells in culture and these cells' susceptibility to transformation by HPV16 DNA, the HPV type present in about 50% of cervical cancers. We report variable susceptibilities to HPV16-mediated transformation among different keratinocyte isolates derived from neonatal foreskin. Our findings provide strong experimental evidence that HPV16 preferentially transforms basal keratinocytes with stem cell properties. Insights gained from these studies increase our understanding of the host cell-specific factors influencing individual susceptibility to HPV-driven transformation and the contributing factors leading to preneoplastic and neoplastic progression of HPV-positive lesions.
Patient demographic and surgical characteristics in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a description of registries from six countries
Authors: Prentice Heather A , Lind Martin , Mouton Caroline , Persson Andreas , Magnusson Henrik , Gabr Ayman , Seil Romain , Engebretsen Lars , Samuelsson Kristian , Karlsson Jon , Forssblad Magnus , Haddad Fares S , Spalding Tim , Funahashi Tadashi T , Paxton Liz W , Maletis Gregory B 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveFindings from individual anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) registry studies are impactful, but how various registries from different countries compare with different patient populations and surgical techniques has not been described. We sought to describe six ACLR registry cohorts to understand variation across countries.MethodsFive European registries and one US registry participated. For each registry, all primary ACLR registered between registry establishment through 31December 2014 were identified. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, proportions, medians and IQRs. Revision incidence rates following primary ACLR were computed.Results101 125 ACLR were included: 21 820 in Denmark, 300 in Luxembourg, 17 556 in Norway, 30 422 in Sweden, 2972 in the UK and 28 055 in the US. In all six cohorts, males (range: 56.8%–72.4%) and soccer injuries (range: 14.1%–42.3%) were most common. European countries mostly used autografts (range: 93.7%–99.7%); allograft was most common in the US (39.9%). Interference screw was the most frequent femoral fixation in Luxembourg and the US (84.8% and 42.9%), and suspensory fixation was more frequent in the other countries (range: 43.9%–75.5%). Interference was the most frequent tibial fixation type in all six cohorts (range: 64.8%–98.2%). Three-year cumulative revision probabilities ranged from 2.8% to 3.7%.ConclusionsSimilarities in patient demographics and injury activity were observed between all cohorts of ACLR. However, graft and fixation choices differed. Revision rates were low. This work, including >100 000 ACLR, is the most comprehensive international description of contemporary practice to date.