bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and In Silico Studies on the Toxic Effects of Antibacterial Drugs as Human Serum Paraoxonase 1 Inhibitor
Authors: Türkeş Cüneyt , Beydemir Şükrü , Küfrevioğlu Ömer İrfan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe core purpose of the current study was to investigate the interactions of widely used broad‐spectrum antibacterial drugs developed in response to the increasing rate of antibiotic‐resistant various bacteria and to contribute to the field of drug design. Also, it is to broaden the current knowledge of paraoxonase 1 enzyme (EC: 3.1.8.1; PON1) which is a crucial drug‐target enzyme. For this aim, first, we purified PON1 from human serum using rapid chromatographic techniques including, enzyme precipitation, IEX (ion‐exchange) chromatography, and SEC (size exclusion chromatography), quickly. Following this, we researched the inhibitory effects of some antibacterial drugs. Finally, molecular docking tests were performed and analyzed in silico data. PON1 was found to be effectively inhibited by tigecycline, linezolid, ciprofloxacin lactate, and ertapenem sodium (Kis in the ranging from 0.018 to 125.540 mM). Drugs showed two different inhibition mechanisms: Linezolid was competitive; others were non‐competitive. While Glide GScore of the linezolid for 1 V04 and 3SRE receptors were detected to be –4.442 and –4.915 kcal/mol in the SP mode, monitored as –3.548 and –3.791 kcal/mol in the XP mode, respectively
Versatile Aerogels for Sensors
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Yi , Zheng Yuanyuan , Xu Yingming , Zheng Zhikun , Chen Xudong , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAerogels are unique solid‐state materials composed of interconnected 3D solid networks and a large number of air‐filled pores. They extend the structural characteristics as well as physicochemical properties of nanoscale building blocks to macroscale, and integrate typical characteristics of aerogels, such as high porosity, large surface area, and low density, with specific properties of the various constituents. These features endow aerogels with high sensitivity, high selectivity, and fast response and recovery for sensing materials in sensors such as gas sensors, biosensors and strain and pressure sensors, among others. Considerable research efforts in recent years have been devoted to the development of aerogel‐based sensors and encouraging accomplishments have been achieved. Herein, groundbreaking advances in the preparation, classification, and physicochemical properties of aerogels and their sensing applications are presented. Moreover, the current challenges and some perspectives for the development of high‐performance aerogel‐based sensors are summarized.
Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for Women
Authors: Davis Susan R. , Baber Rodney , Panay Nicholas , Bitzer Johannes , Perez Sonia Cerdas , Islam Rakibul M. , Kaunitz Andrew M. , Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Lambrinoudaki Irene , Liu James , Parish Sharon J. , Pinkerton JoAnn , Rymer Janice , Simon James A. , Vignozzi Linda , Wierman Margaret E. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

This Statement is being simultaneously published in the journals Climacteric, Maturitas, Journal of Sexual Medicine, and Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism on behalf of the International Menopause Society, The European Menopause and Andropause Society, The International Society for Sexual Medicine, and The Endocrine Society, respectively.
This Position Statement has been endorsed by the International Menopause Society, The Endocrine Society, The European Menopause and Andropause Society, The International Society for Sexual Medicine, The International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health, The North American Menopause Society, The Federacion Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Climaterio y Menopausia, The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, The International Society of Endocrinology, The Endocrine Society of Australia, and The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
Are antidementia drugs associated with reduced mortality after a hospital emergency admission in the population with dementia aged 65 years and older?
Authors: Hapca Simona , Burton Jennifer Kirsty , Cvoro Vera , Reynish Emma , Donnan Peter T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPeople with dementia experience poor outcomes after hospital admission, with mortality being particularly high. There is no cure for dementia; antidementia medications have been shown to improve cognition and function, but their effect on mortality in real‐world settings is little known. This study examines associations between treatment with antidementia medication and mortality in older people with dementia after an emergency admission.MethodsThe design is a retrospective cohort study of people aged ≥65 years, with a diagnosis of dementia and an emergency hospital admission between 01/01/2010 and 31/12/2016. Two classes of antidementia medication were considered: the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. Mortality was examined using a Cox proportional hazards model with time‐varying covariates for the prescribing of antidementia medication before or on admission and during one‐year follow‐up, adjusted for demographics, comorbidity, and community prescribing including anticholinergic burden. Propensity score analysis was examined for treatment selection bias.ResultsThere were 9142 patients with known dementia included in this study, of which 45.0% (n = 4110) received an antidementia medication before or on admission; 31.3% (n = 2864) were prescribed one of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 8.7% (n = 798) memantine, and 4.9% (n = 448) both. 32.9% (n = 1352) of these patients died in the year after admission, compared to 42.7% (n = 2148) of those with no antidementia medication on admission. The Cox model showed a significant reduction in mortality in patients treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78, 95% CI 0.72–0.85) or memantine (HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.86) or both (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.68–0.94). Sensitivity analysis by propensity score matching confirmed the associations between antidementia prescribing and reduced mortality.DiscussionTreatment with antidementia medication is associated with a reduction in risk of death in the year after an emergency hospital admission. Further research is required to determine if there is a causal relationship between treatment and mortality, and whether “symptomatic” therapy for dementia does have a disease‐modifying effect.
Accelerating parallel tempering: Quantile tempering algorithm (QuanTA)
Authors: Tawn Nicholas G. , Roberts Gareth O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt is well known that traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods can fail to effectively explore the state space for multimodal problems. Parallel tempering is a well-established population approach for such target distributions involving a collection of particles indexed by temperature. However, this method can suffer dramatically from the curse of dimensionality. In this paper we introduce an improvement on parallel tempering called QuanTA. A comprehensive theoretical analysis quantifying the improved efficiency and scalability of the approach is given. Under weak regularity conditions, QuanTA gives accelerated mixing through the temperature space. Empirical evidence of the effectiveness of this new algorithm is illustrated on canonical examples.
Telomere length in depression and association with therapeutic response to electroconvulsive therapy and cognitive side-effects
Authors: Ryan Karen M. , McLoughlin Declan M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most acutely effective treatment for severe treatment-resistant depression. However, there are concerns about its cognitive side-effects and we cannot yet confidently predict who will experience these. Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that maintain genomic integrity. In somatic cells, telomeres shorten with each cell division. Telomere length (TL) can thus provide a measure of ‘biological’ aging. TL appears to be reduced in depression, though results are mixed. We sought to test the following hypotheses: (1) that TL would be shorter in patients with depression compared to controls; (2) that TL would be a predictor of response to ECT; and (3) that shorter TL would predict cognitive side-effects following ECT.MethodWe assessed TL in whole blood DNA collected from severely depressed patients (n = 100) recruited as part of the EFFECT-Dep Trial and healthy controls (n = 80) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mood and selected cognitive measures, including global cognition, re-orientation time, and autobiographical memory, were obtained pre-/post-ECT and from controls.ResultsOur results indicate that TL does not differ between patients with depression compared to controls. TL itself was not associated with mood ratings and did not predict the therapeutic response to ECT. Furthermore, shorter baseline TL is not a predictor of cognitive side-effects post-ECT.ConclusionsOverall, TL assessed by PCR does not represent a useful biomarker for predicting the therapeutic outcomes or risk for selected cognitive deficits following ECT.
FORGIVING THE DEAD
Authors: Bell Macalester 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:Resentment and other hard feelings may outlive their targets, and people often express a desire to overcome these feelings through forgiveness. While some see forgiving the dead as an important moral accomplishment, others deny that genuine forgiveness of the dead is coherent, let alone desirable or valuable. According to one line of thought, forgiveness is something we do for certain reasons, such as the offender’s expressed contrition. Given that the dead cannot express remorse, forgiveness of the dead is impossible. Others see the apparent coherence and moral importance of forgiving the dead as a reason to give up on the idea that forgiveness is conditional upon the offender’s remorse. According to these philosophers, forgiveness of the dead poses no special problems; forgiveness of the dead, like forgiveness of the living, is not contingent upon the offender’s contrition. I steer a path between these two positions in such a way as to bring out an important aspect of forgiveness that is not adequately addressed in the literature: I argue that forgiving the dead may be perfectly coherent and morally valuable even though the dead cannot ask for forgiveness or engage in reparative activities. A full appreciation of the relational character of forgiveness allows us to make sense of forgiving the dead.
THE FALLIBILITY PARADOX
Authors: Sripada Chandra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:Reasons-responsiveness theories of moral responsibility are currently among the most popular. Here, I present the fallibility paradox, a novel challenge to these views. The paradox involves an agent who is performing a somewhat demanding psychological task across an extended sequence of trials and who is deeply committed to doing her very best at this task. Her action-issuing psychological processes are outstandingly reliable, so she meets the criterion of being reasons-responsive on every single trial. But she is human after all, so it is inevitable that she will make rare errors. The reasons-responsiveness view, it is claimed, is forced to reach a highly counterintuitive conclusion: she is morally responsible for these rare errors, even though making rare errors is something she is powerless to prevent. I review various replies that a reasons-responsiveness theorist might offer, arguing that none of these replies adequately addresses the challenge.
FORGIVING AS EMOTIONAL DISTANCING
Authors: Amaya Santiago 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:In this essay, I present an account of forgiveness as a process of emotional distancing. The central claim is that, understood in these terms, forgiveness does not require a change in judgment. Rationally forgiving someone, in other words, does not require that one judges the significance of the wrongdoing differently or that one comes to the conclusion that the attitudes behind it have changed in a favorable way. The model shows in what sense forgiving is inherently social, shows why we should be pluralists about it, and provides a basis for arguing against the existence of necessary conditions of forgiving.
Cohomology and projectivity of modules for finite group schemes
Authors: BENDEL CHRISTOPHER P. 
Published: September 2019

Let G be a finite group scheme over a field k, that is, an affine group scheme whose
coordinate ring k[G] is finite dimensional. The dual algebra
k[G]* ≡ Homk(k[G], k)
is then a finite dimensional cocommutative Hopf algebra. Indeed, there is an equivalence
of categories between finite group schemes and finite dimensional cocommutative
Hopf algebras (cf. [19]). Further the representation theory of G is equivalent
to that of k[G]*. Many familiar objects can be considered in this context. For example,
any finite group G can be considered as a finite group scheme. In this case,
the algebra k[G]* is simply the group algebra kG. Over a field of characteristic
p > 0, the restricted enveloping algebra u([gfr ]) of a
p-restricted Lie algebra [gfr ] is a finite
dimensional cocommutative Hopf algebra. Also, the mod-p Steenrod algebra is graded
cocommutative so that some finite dimensional Hopf subalgebras are such algebras.Over the past thirty years, there has been extensive study of the modular representation
theory (i.e. over a field of positive characteristic p > 0) of such algebras,
particularly in regards to understanding cohomology and determining projectivity
of modules. This paper is primarily interested in the following two questions:Questions1·1. Let G be a finite group scheme G over a field k
of characteristic p > 0, and let M be a rational G-module.(a) Does there exist a family of subgroup schemes of G which detects whether M is projective?(b) Does there exist a family of subgroup schemes of G which detects whether a
cohomology class z ∈ ExtnG(M, M)
(for M finite dimensional) is nilpotent?
Applications of machine learning techniques to predict filariasis using socio-economic factors
Authors: Kondeti Phani Krishna , Ravi Kumar , Mutheneni Srinivasa Rao , Kadiri Madhusudhan Rao , Kumaraswamy Sriram , Vadlamani Ravi , Upadhyayula Suryanaryana Murty 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFilariasis is one of the major public health concerns in India. Approximately 600 million people spread across 250 districts of India are at risk of filariasis. To predict this disease, a pilot scale study was carried out in 30 villages of Karimnagar district of Telangana from 2004 to 2007 to collect epidemiological and socio-economic data. The collected data are analysed by employing various machine learning techniques such as Naïve Bayes (NB), logistic model tree, probabilistic neural network, J48 (C4.5), classification and regression tree, JRip and gradient boosting machine. The performances of these algorithms are reported using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under ROC curve (AUC). Among all employed classification methods, NB yielded the best AUC of 64% and was equally statistically significant with the rest of the classifiers. Similarly, the J48 algorithm generated 23 decision rules that help in developing an early warning system to implement better prevention and control efforts in the management of filariasis.
Voltage mapping to guide pacemaker placement in patients with CHD
Authors: Dasgupta Soham , Fischbach Peter , Whitehill Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransvenous pacemaker implantation for sinus node dysfunction in patients with Fontan palliation presents the difficulty of finding suitable pacing tissue and the potential of causing vascular obstruction in a low-flow circuit. We describe a patient who underwent electro-anatomic voltage mapping to guide a transvenous single chamber lead within her Fontan baffle. This highlights the use of advanced mapping technologies for pacemaker implantation in complex cyanotic heart disease.
Anisotropy at the Inner Core Boundary
Authors: Helffrich G. , Mainprice D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe outermost part of the inner core is isotropic, though the thickness of this layer varies longitudinally, commonly interpreted to be a zone where compaction of the crystallites randomly adhering to the inner core boundary eventually aligns them. We explore the possibility that the surface layer is also anisotropic, but of a form that thwarts detection by travel time observation. If the surface material is hexagonally anisotropic with a vertical symmetry axis (vertically oriented transverse isotropy), P wave travel times through the shallow inner core will not depend on their angle to the Earth's rotation axis. To detect any anisotropy in this layer, we explore PKiKP amplitudes versus distance to determine whether there is a range trend diagnostic of anisotropy. P wave anisotropy levels of 2–10% can increase reflection amplitudes by a factor of 10. The trend of PKiKP amplitude with range may be fit with vertically oriented transverse isotropy anisotropy levels of 5–10%.
Functional impairment as a proxy measure indicating high rates of trauma exposure, post-migration living difficulties, common mental disorders, and poor health amongst Rohingya refugees in Malaysia
Authors: Tay Alvin Kuowei , Rees Susan , Miah Mohammed Abdul Awal , Khan Sanjida , Badrudduza Mohammad , Morgan Karen , Fadil Azim Darlina , Balasundaram Susheela , Silove Derrick 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA major challenge in the refugee field is to ensure that scarce mental health resources are directed to those in greatest need. Based on data from an epidemiological survey of 959 adult Rohingya refugees in Malaysia (response rate: 83%), we examine whether a brief screening instrument of functional impairment, the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), prove useful as a proxy measure to identify refugees who typically attend community mental health services. Based on estimates of mental disorder requiring interventions from analyses of epidemiological studies conducted worldwide, we selected a WHODAS cutoff that identified the top one-fifth of refugees according to severity of functional impairment, the remainder being distributed to moderate and lower impairment groupings, respectively. Compared to the lower impairment grouping, the severe impairment category comprised more boat arrivals (AOR: 5.96 [95% CI 1.34–26.43); stateless persons (A20·11 [95% CI 7.14–10); those with high exposure to pre-migration traumas (AOR: 4.76 [95% CI 1.64–13.73), peri-migration stressors (AOR: 1.26 [95% CI 1.14–1.39]) and postmigration living difficulties (AOR: 1.43 [95% CI 1.32–1.55); persons with single (AOR: 7.48 [95% CI 4.25–13.17]) and comorbid (AOR: 13.54 [95% CI 6.22–29.45]) common mental disorders; and those reporting poorer general health (AOR: 2.23 [95% CI 1–5.02]). In addition, half of the severe impairment grouping (50.6%) expressed suicidal ideas compared to one in six (16.2 percent) of the lower impairment grouping (OR: 2.39 [95% CI 1.94–2.93]). Differences between the severe and moderate impairment groups were similar but less extreme. In settings where large-scale epidemiological studies are not feasible, the WHODAS may serve as readily administered and brief public health screening tool that assists in stratifying the population according to urgency of mental health needs.
Measuring change in anhedonia using the “Happy Faces” task pre- to post-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): relation to empathic happiness
Authors: Light Sharee N. , Bieliauskas Linas A. , Taylor Stephan F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe investigated whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would reduce anhedonia in a sample of 19 depressed adults (Mage = 45.21, SD = 11.21, 63% women) randomized to either active or sham rTMS. To track anhedonia, patients completed the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS)1 and a novel behavioral task called “Happy Faces,” which required patients to interpret neutral versus various intensities of positively valenced human facial expressions. Patients had to indicate dichotomously whether any degree of positive emotion was expressed. We expected that more anhedonic patients would struggle most with low intensity happy faces; often incorrectly calling them neutral. Patients also completed a self-report measure of “empathic happiness”—i.e., vicarious joy. Measures were completed pre- to post-treatment. Results indicate rTMS to DLPFC related to improvement in interpretation of subtle forms of happiness in active rTMS patients relative to sham. Furthermore, empathic happiness and anhedonia score were significantly antagonistic across all patients.
Earthquake crisis unveils the growth of an incipient continental fault system
Authors: Gràcia Eulàlia , Grevemeyer Ingo , Bartolomé Rafael , Perea Hector , Martínez-Loriente Sara , Gómez de la Peña Laura , Villaseñor Antonio , Klinger Yann , Lo Iacono Claudio , Diez Susana , Calahorrano Alcinoe , Camafort Miquel , Costa Sergio , d’Acremont Elia , Rabaute Alain , Ranero César R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLarge continental faults extend for thousands of kilometres to form boundaries between rigid tectonic blocks. These faults are associated with prominent topographic features and can produce large earthquakes. Here we show the first evidence of a major tectonic structure in its initial-stage, the Al-Idrissi Fault System (AIFS), in the Alboran Sea. Combining bathymetric and seismic reflection data, together with seismological analyses of the 2016Mw6.4 earthquake offshore Morocco – the largest event ever recorded in the area – we unveil a 3D geometry for the AIFS. We report evidence of left-lateral strike-slip displacement, characterise the fault segmentation and demonstrate that AIFS is the source of the 2016 events. The occurrence of theMw6.4 earthquake together with historical and instrumental events supports that the AIFS is currently growing through propagation and linkage of its segments. Thus, the AIFS provides a unique model of the inception and growth of a young plate boundary fault system.
Engineered ribosomes with tethered subunits for expanding biological function
Authors: Carlson Erik D. , d’Aquino Anne E. , Kim Do Soon , Fulk Emily M. , Hoang Kim , Szal Teresa , Mankin Alexander S. , Jewett Michael C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRibo-T is a ribosome with covalently tethered subunits where core 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs form a single chimeric molecule. Ribo-T makes possible a functionally orthogonal ribosome–mRNA system in cells. Unfortunately, use of Ribo-T has been limited because of low activity of its original version. Here, to overcome this limitation, we use an evolutionary approach to select new tether designs that are capable of supporting faster cell growth and increased protein expression. Further, we evolve new orthogonal Ribo-T/mRNA pairs that function in parallel with, but independent of, natural ribosomes and mRNAs, increasing the efficiency of orthogonal protein expression. The Ribo-T with optimized designs is able to synthesize a diverse set of proteins, and can also incorporate multiple non-canonical amino acids into synthesized polypeptides. The enhanced Ribo-T designs should be useful for exploring poorly understood functions of the ribosome and engineering ribosomes with altered catalytic properties.