bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Piperazine Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Patel Nalini , Karkhanis Vaishali , Patel Pinkal 
Published: September 2019

Some 1-((4-methylpiperazin-1yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole & 1-((4-phenylpiperazin-1yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized through reaction of 1-substituted piperazines with different benzimidazole derivatives in methanol yielded the corresponding mannich bases (42-a to 42-i). All the synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H NMR and MASS spectroscopy. They were tested for anti-inflammatory activity using in-vivo (Carrageenan- induced rat paw edema model) method at a dose of 50mg/kg. result showed that compounds 42-c, 42-d and 42-h were found to be most potent in series.
Keywords: 1,4-disubstituted Piperazine, Anti-inflammatory, Mannich Base.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Determination of Didanosine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Gholve Sachin , Gangapure Sharddha , Birajdar Mahesh , Mujewar Imran , Bhusnure Omprakash G 
Published: September 2019

To develop a simple, cheap, accurate, and rapid Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validate as per ICH guidelines for estimation of Didanosine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The separation was conducted by using mobile phase consisting of methanol: water in the ratio (30:70). The wavelength was found at 246nm. Agilent 1220 Infinity LC with ezchrome software is used for chromatographic determination. The separation was conducted by using Zebra Eclipse XDB-C-18 (4.6×250×5µm) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min using variable wavelength detector. The developed method resulted in didanosine eluting at 4.650 min. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range 2-12µg/ml with coefficient regression R2-0.997. Mean recovery was found to be in the range of 99.99%, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitiation (LOQ) was found to be 5 mg/ml and 16 mg/ml respectively. A cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Didanosine as per ICH guidelines.
Keywords:-RP-HPLC, Didanosine, Method Validation
A Review on Two Endemic Species of Genus Premna and their Conservational Importance
Authors: Francis Steffy , Gideon V. Anand , Britto S. John , Dessy VJ 
Published: September 2019

The genus Premna (Lamiaceae-APG IV) consists of about 200 species that are native mainly to the tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, Australia and the Pacific islands. The species ofPremna are well known for their medicinal properties and have been used in Indian traditional system of medicine especially for diarrhoea, stomach and hepatic disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight two endemic species Premna rajendranii and Premna paucinervisand their importance of conservation. This review also helps to summarize the recent advances in the studies on genus Premna, its endemic status and their distribution in Western Ghats.
Keywords: Endemism, Western Ghats, Premna rajendranii, Premna paucinervis
Anti-Anemic and Haemopoietic Evaluation of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) in Rodent Model
Authors: Chourasiya Anand , Sahu Rakesh Kumar , Khan Mohd Azaz 
Published: September 2019

The health benefits and medicinal properties of herbal food products are known since antiquity. Fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn (T. foenum-graecum, Fabaceae), a seed spice used to enhance flavor, color and texture of food is employed for medicinal purposes in many traditional systems. Ethno botanical survey of T. foenum-graecum revealed the seeds of the plant to be useful in anemia. The objective of this study was to study the ant-anemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of T. foenum-graecum against phenylhydrazine induced anemic rat model. The hydroalcoholic extracts of seeds were prepared by soxhlation. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was performed using standard testing procedures. Hemolytic anemia was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of phenylhydrazine HCl (PHZ) at doses of 40 mg/kg of body weight during two successive days then one day after the animals were treated orally by the hydroalcoholic extracts with the amounts of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of body weight and Dexorange (reference drug) up to 13 days. The rats were analyzed for hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) on day 2 and 13. Phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, sterols, polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. Anemia was induced successfully in Groups II, III, IV and V which was indicated by a mean reduction of 51.6% in RBC count; 52.85% in Hb content and 54.9% in WBC. Analysis of hematological parameters on day 13 showed that extract significantly (p<0.05) improved Hb, RBC and WBC count at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. This study, not only substantiates the folklore use of the seed of T. foenum-graecum, but also suggests its inclusion in the treatment of anemia as it exhibited significant anti-anemic activity
Keywords: Trigonella foenum-graecum, Anemia, Phytochemical analysis, Phenyl hydrazine, Dexorange
Formulation, Development and Characterization of Transdermal Patches of Sitagliptin Phosphate
Authors: Shukla Kavita Varma , Swamy Manisha , Pathak Rekha 
Published: September 2019

Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4-(DPP-4) inhibitor with glucose controlling capabilities that was effectively used for treating diabetes in the past. However, the oral administration of this drug caused such severe side effects that it was removed from the market. Transdermal patches are innovative drug delivery systems and can be used for achieving efficient systemic effect by passing hepatic first pass metabolism and increasing the fraction absorbed. Transdermal patches of Sitagliptin phosphate (SIT) were prepared by the solvent casting evaporation technique using ethyl cellulose: HPMC, Eudragit RLPO, propylene glycol and permeation enhancer using different ratios. The physicochemical parameters such as flexibility, thickness, smoothness, weight variation, moisture content, hardness, folding endurance and tensile strength were evaluated for the prepared patches. The formulation exhibited flexibility, uniform thickness and weight, smoothness, good drug content (95.65to 99.45%) and little moisture content. The in vitro diffusion studies were carried out using modified Franz diffusion cell using egg membrane as the diffusion membrane and the formulation followed the Higuchi diffusion mechanism. The formulation containing ethyl cellulose: HPMC as polymers showed faster release rate compared to Eudragit: HPMC. The stability studies indicated that all the patches maintained good physicochemical properties and drug content after storing the patches in different storage conditions. Compatibility studies indicated that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers. Hence, the aim of the present study was to prepare the sustained release formulation (Transdermal patches) of the drug using different blend of polymers.
Keywords: Transdermal patches, Sitagliptin phosphate, Physicochemical parameters, in vivo study
ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Costus spicatus JACQ. IN RHIZOME EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS –HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Azhagu Madhavan S , Senthilkumar S , Andrews S , Ganesan S 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and each group consisted of 6 rats and the duration of treatment was 45 days. Body weight, fasting plasma glucose levels, SGOT, SGPT and ALP levels were measured.
Methods: Albino Wistar male rats; 10- weeks old with a bodyweight ranged between 180-250 g were used. Anti-diabetic effect of plant Costus spicatus. In rhizome extract of ethanol extract.
Result: The present study clearly indicates in the form of administration of C. spicatus rhizome extract towards glucose fed mice normalizes blood glucose level. Recent studies have revealed induced diabetic rats caused anti-diabetic effects. Histopathological studies of Pancreasin diabetic and treated groups are determined to show the protective action of the ECS. The administration of STZ resulted in a significant increase in plasma glucose level, SGOT, SGPT and ALP along with a reduction in body weight.
Conclusion: All these effects were observed on 45th day. ECS and Glibenclamide of STZ induced diabetic animals restored the normal plasma glucose levels and SGOT, SGPT and ALP levels without damaging the pancreas.
Keywords:Anti-hypolipidemic, diabetes mellitus, peripheral insulin resistance, pancreatic, STZ.
Stability indicating RP-HPLC method development for docetaxel trihydrate
Authors: Rarokar Nilesh R. , Khedekar Pramod B. 
Published: September 2019

The purpose of present study was to develop RP-HPLC method for estimation of docetaxel trihydrate which should be a suitable, simple, precise, accurate, robust, and reproducible. The samples were assayed by the Shimadzu HPLC instrument - LC-20AD (Japan) equipped with Shimadzu SPD-M20A UV-VIS detector operated at wavelength of 230 nm. The binary gradiant pump was used for the analytical method development. The reverse phase stainless steel column (150 × 4.6 mm) packed with 5 μm particles (C-8, LiCrosphore® 100, Germany) was used to take chromatograph. A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/phosphate buffer 20 mM, (45:55, v/v), pH 3.5 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The method was validated by system suitability and reproducibility. The linearity was also determined using samples with five different concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µg/mL. The results of the study showed that the developed RP-HPLC method is simple and robust which is useful for the estimation of docetaxel trihydrate in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical dosage form. The results of stability show that the method has stability over a period of 48 h at room temperature.
Keyword: Docetxel trihydrate, RP-HPLC method, validation, stability
UV-Spectrophotometric Estimation of Olopatadine hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Zero, First and Second Order Derivative Methods
Authors: Aher Smita. S. , Gawali Jayshree S. , Saudagar Ravindranath B. 
Published: September 2019

Simple and accurate UV spectrophotometric methods by Zero, First and Second order derivative method have been developed and validated for the estimation of Olopatadine hydrochloride in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The standard and sample solutions of Olopatadine hydrochloride were prepared in methanol and water. Olopatadine hydrochloride was estimated at 299, 289 and 267 nm for the derivative UV-spectrophotometric method. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 20 to 120 μg / mL with coefficient of correlation value 0.9996, 0.999 and 0.999 for Zero, First and Second order derivative method. These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH and USP guidelines. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation were of less than 2 for the above three methods respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of Olopatadine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods are simple, easy to apply, low-cost and require relatively inexpensive instruments.
Keywords: Olopatadine HCl, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Derivative Spectroscopy, Method validation.
Formulation Optimization of Polyox Based Modified Release Drug Delivery System
Authors: Shah Sunil , Shukla Dilip , Pandey Harish 
Published: September 2019

Polyethylene Oxide (PEOs) offer specific advantages to be used in pharmaceutical products as release modifiers by forming a hydrogel around the dosage form in aqueous environment causing the drug to follow a diffusional path before releasing into the media. The strength of the hydrogel governs the release retardation capacity of the PEO system. The objective of this dissertation work was to use the Design of Experiments methodology to develop and optimize a PEO based modified release formulation of a highly water-soluble drug like Metoprolol succinate. The effect of the different viscosity grade PEOs, their concentration with respect to the drug, combination of two different viscosity grades, % drug content in the formulation and the use of water soluble / insoluble fillers on the dissolution of metoprolol succinate was studied. The critical formulation parameters namely PEO concentration and % drug content were chosen as input factors and dissolution at 1, 4, 8 and 20 hours was recorded as responses to carry out optimization using the DOE approach. The results obtained after statistical treatment of data provided a design space that can be used for achieving the desired formulation profile. The model has been validated to predict the effect of the input factors (PEO type and concentration and % drug content) on the responses (in vitro dissolution).
Keywords: Polyethylene Oxide, Modified Release Drug Delivery System, Metoprolol
Human papillomavirus is the cause of human prostate cancer
Authors: Barukčić Ilija 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of the present meta-analysis study is to investigate whether human papillomavirus (HPV) serves as a cause or as the cause of human prostate cancer (PC).
Methods: The PubMed database was searched for suitable articles. Previously published expert reviews and systematic meta-analysis were used as an additional source to identify appropriate articles. Articles selected for this meta-analysis should fulfill the following inclusion criteria: (a) no data access barrier, (b) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA based identification of HPV. The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship was used to prove the hypotheses whether being married is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non) of PC. In other words, without being married no PC. The method of the conditio per quam relationship (sufficient condition) was used to prove the hypotheses if HPV is present in human prostate tissues then PC is present too. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to prove the hypothesis, whether there is a cause effect relationship between HPV and PC. Significance was indicated by a p-value (two sided) of less than 0.05.
Results: In to more than 33 studies were considered for a meta-analysis. Several studies support the hypotheses without being married no PC. All the studies considered for a re-analysis support the null-hypotheses if HPV then PC, while the cause effect relationship between HPV and PC was highly significant.
Conclusions: HPV is the cause of PC.
Keywords: Human papillomavirus, prostate cancer, causality
Therapeutic Equivalence: A Connecting Link Between Test Drug and Reference Drug
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Soujanya G.V.R.L. 
Published: September 2019

The concept of therapeutic equivalence is becoming increasingly important in today’s cost – conscious environment. Though an effective therapy already exists, but clinically equivalent therapy also becoming important. An improved toxicity profile better effects on symptoms and ease of administration may be important considerations. In these positive controls substantial effect is required to define equivalence. The goal is to prove that the new treatment is not inferior to standard, since providing that two treatments are equal is not possible. The superiority trials demonstrate the better efficacy of the treatment against the concurrent placebo control. Innovative drugs become available for the treatment of number of diseases. These, new products may offer some specific advantages over the standard drugs. The Placebo controlled trials are invariably unethical, when known effective therapy is available for the condition being studies. The active controlled trials are used extensively in the development of new pharmaceuticals. The equivalence limit is defined by a lower equivalence or upper equivalence limit. These, principles are proposed for setting such limits, depending on the objective of the study placebo conditions and methods based on statistical properties.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanodiamond-Doxorubicin (Dox) Conjugate for Effective Delivery against MCF-7 Cell Lines
Authors: Garg Sweta , Garg Ashish , Sahu Nitendra K. , Yadav Awesh K 
Published: September 2019

In this work, we have introduced a carbon nanomaterial (nanodiamond), to bind with anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with via amide bond conjugation for cancer drug delivery and therapy. Nanodiamond (ND) was initially carboxylated by the surface modification along the treatment with strong alkaline solution (H2SO4:HNO3) and then activated the carboxyl moiety of ND with the addition of EDC. Anticancer drugs were bound to the ND through a succession of chemical modifications by adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH). The ND-Drug conjugate was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy (MS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Particle size, Zeta potential, Drug release, SRB assay against MCF-7 cells, and DNA fragmentation. Spectroscopic analysis confirms the conjugation of nanodiamond with different anticancer drug. AFM photomicrograph represents the surface morphological features of ND-DOX conjugates. In- vitro investigation showed that ND-DOX conjugates have slow and sustained drug release characteristics. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies, an enormous cytotoxic potential of ND-Drug conjugates were showed against cancer cell line. Above all findings were suggested that the ND-DOX conjugates may be a potential inhibitor of MCF-7 cancer cells to act as a drug candidate. According to all these data it can be confirm that the ND-DOX conjugates could be an effective agent for drug delivery and could be promising in future for tumor targeting strategy.
Keywords: Nanodiamond, Sustained Release, Drug Delivery, Cytotoxicity, Conjugates
A Review on Bioanalytical Method Development and Various Validation Stages Involved In Method Development Using RP- HPLC
Authors: Mujewar Imran N. , Bhusnure Omprakash G. , Jagtap Sneha R. , Gholve Sachin B. , Giram Padmaja S. , Savangikar Atul B. 
Published: September 2019

Bioanalysis is an essential part in drug discovery and development. Bioanalysis is related to the analysis of analytes (drugs, metabolites, biomarkers) in biological samples and it involves several steps from sample collection to sample analysis and data reporting. The first step is sample collection from clinical or preclinical studies; then sending the samples to laboratory for analysis. Second step is sample preparation and it is very important step in bioanalysis. In order to reach reliable results, a robust and stable sample preparation method should be applied. The role of sample preparation is to remove interferences from sample matrix and improve analytical system performance. Sample preparation is often labour intensive and time consuming. This guideline defines key elements necessary for the validation of bioanalytical methods. The guideline focuses on the validation of the bioanalytical methods generating quantitative concentration data used for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic parameter determinations. Guidance and criteria are given on the application of these validated methods in the routine analysis of study samples from animal and human studies. Measurement of drug concentrations in biological matrices (such as serum, plasma, blood, urine, and saliva) is an important aspect of medicinal product development. It is therefore paramount that the applied bioanalytical methods used are well characterised, fully validated and documented to a satisfactory standard in order to yield reliable results. This review provides an overview of bioanalytical method development and validation and main principles of method validation stages discussed.
Keywords: Bioanalysis, Sample Preparation, Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation
Therapeutic and Traditional Uses of Mangrove Plants
Authors: Vinoth R , Kumaravel S , Ranganathan R 
Published: September 2019

Mangrove plants are specialized timbered plants growing in the swamps of tidal coastal areas and stream deltas of tropical and subtropical parts of the world. They have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes by the coastal folks over the years. A large number of mangrove plants grows natural and exploited especially, for use in indigenous pharmaceutical houses. Several mangroves genus produce expensive drugs which have high export potential. The utilization of plants and plant products as medicines could be traced as far back as the commencement of human civilization. Mangrove plants have been used in folklore medicines and extracts from mangrove species have prove inhibitory activity against human, animal and plant pathogens. Traditionally, the mangroves have been exploited for firewood and charcoal. Exploit has been found for mangroves in the manufacture of dwellings, furniture, boats and fishing gear, tannins for dyeing and leather production. The mangroves afford food and wide variety of traditional products and artefacts for the mangrove dwellers. The present review deals with the pharmacological activity, medicinal, traditional and produce bioactive compounds of mangrove medicinal plants.
Keywords: Mangroves, Medicinal, Pharmacological, Recourses, Traditional.
Tailormade Drug Delivery System: A Novel Trio Concept of 3DP+ Hydrogel+ SLA
Authors: Devi Lalita , Gaba Punam , Chopra Hitesh 
Published: September 2019

Hydrogels possess three-dimensional polymeric network structure and equipped for retaining extensive measure of water or organic fluids. This quality makes them as exceptional candidate for the simulation of extra cellular matrixes. For this the three dimensional printing (3DP) has evolved as the technique for the formation of the digital models. The 3DP is capable for processing the prescriptions and the therapeutic gadgets. One of the technique known as stereolithographic (SLA) printing has shown promising results in formulating the hydrogel based system for fabrication. The SLA acts by cross connecting the saps to shape the polymer matrices. Due to water captured in the gels it is conceivable to create the pre- wetted, medicate hydrogels and gadgets. The 3DP helps in formation of tailor made drug delivery system as per needs of patients. Many of Bioinks has been tried up for the hydrogel formation such as collagen, gelatin, hyaluronan, silk, alginate, and nanocellulose etc.
Keywords: 3D Printing, Hydrogel, Steriolithography
Private versus Public Corporate Ownership: Implications for Future Changes in Profitability
Authors: Allee Kristian D. , Badertscher Brad A. , Yohn Teri Lombardi 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the association between public versus private ownership and future changes in profitability. Managers have long debated the implications of public and private corporate ownership; however, little empirical research has provided insight into the issue. We find robust evidence that public firms are associated with significantly lower future changes in operating profitability compared to private firms matched on current profitability, size, growth, and industry. We also find that the differential future changes in profitability of public and private firms manifests in both future changes in profit margins and changes in asset turnovers. Additionally, we find evidence consistent with an association between short-termism, competition, and agency costs and the lower future changes in profitability for public versus private firms. The results provide insight for managers and investors into the differential future changes in profitability of public versus private firms and into the factors that drive the differential profitability.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M44.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the paper.