bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrolabe: Curating, Linking, and Computing Astronomy’s Dark Data
Authors: Heidorn P. Bryan , Stahlman Gretchen R. , Steffen Julie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Where appropriate repositories are not available to support all relevant astronomical data products, data can fall into darkness: unseen and unavailable for future reference and reuse. Some data in this category are legacy or old data, but newer data sets are also often uncurated and could remain dark. This paper provides a description of the design motivation and development of Astrolabe, a cyberinfrastructure project that addresses a set of community recommendations for locating and ensuring the long-term curation of dark or otherwise at-risk data and integrated computing. This paper also describes the outcomes of the series of community workshops that informed creation of Astrolabe. According to participants in these workshops, much astronomical dark data currently exist that are not curated elsewhere, as well as software that can only be executed by a few individuals and therefore becomes unusable because of changes in computing platforms. Astronomical research questions and challenges would be better addressed with integrated data and computational resources that fall outside the scope of existing observatory and space mission projects. As a solution, the design of the Astrolabe system is aimed at developing new resources for management of astronomical data. The project is based in CyVerse cyberinfrastructure technology and is a collaboration between the University of Arizona and the American Astronomical Society. Overall, the project aims to support open access to research data by leveraging existing cyberinfrastructure resources and promoting scientific discovery by making potentially useful data available to the astronomical community, in a computable format.
Prediction of Solar Eruptions Using Filament Metadata
Authors: Aggarwal Ashna , Schanche Nicole , Reeves Katharine K. , Kempton Dustin , Angryk Rafal 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We perform a statistical analysis of erupting and non-erupting solar filaments to determine the properties related to the eruption potential. In order to perform this study, we correlate filament eruptions documented in the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK) with HEK filaments that have been grouped together using a spatiotemporal tracking algorithm. The HEK provides metadata about each filament instance, including values for length, area, tilt, and chirality. We add additional metadata properties such as the distance from the nearest active region and the magnetic field decay index. We compare trends in the metadata from erupting and non-erupting filament tracks to discover which properties present signs of an eruption. We find that a change in filament length over time is the most important factor in discriminating between erupting and non-erupting filament tracks, with erupting tracks being more likely to have decreasing length. We attempt to find an ensemble of predictive filament metadata using a Random Forest Classifier approach, but find the probability of correctly predicting an eruption with the current metadata is only slightly better than chance.
The Significance of an Excess in a Counting Experiment: Assessing the Impact of Systematic Uncertainties and the Case with a Gaussian Background
Authors: Vianello Giacomo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Several experiments in high-energy physics and astrophysics can be treated as on/off measurements, where an observation potentially containing a new source or effect (“on” measurement) is contrasted with a background-only observation free of the effect (“off” measurement). In counting experiments, the significance of the new source or effect can be estimated with a widely used formula from Li & Ma, which assumes that both measurements are Poisson random variables. In this paper we study three other cases: (i) the ideal case where the background measurement has no uncertainty, which can be used to study the maximum sensitivity that an instrument can achieve, (ii) the case where the background estimate b in the off measurement has an additional systematic uncertainty, and (iii) the case where b is a Gaussian random variable instead of a Poisson random variable. The latter case applies when b comes from a model fitted on archival or ancillary data, or from the interpolation of a function fitted on data surrounding the candidate new source/effect. Practitioners typically use a formula that is only valid when b is large and when its uncertainty is very small, while we derive a general formula that can be applied in all regimes. We also develop simple methods that can be used to assess how much an estimate of significance is sensitive to systematic uncertainties on the efficiency or on the background. Examples of applications include the detection of short gamma-ray bursts and of new X-ray or γ-ray sources. All the techniques presented in this paper are made available in a Python code that is ready to use.
Machine-learning-based Brokers for Real-time Classification of the LSST Alert Stream
Authors: Narayan Gautham , Zaidi Tayeb , Soraisam Monika D. , Wang Zhe , Lochner Michelle , Matheson Thomas , Saha Abhijit , Yang Shuo , Zhao Zhenge , Kececioglu John , Scheidegger Carlos , Snodgrass Richard T. , Axelrod Tim , Jenness Tim , Maier Robert S. , Ridgway Stephen T. , Seaman Robert L. , Evans Eric Michael , Singh Navdeep , Taylor Clark , Toeniskoetter Jackson , Welch Eric , Zhu Songzhe ,   (The ANTARES Collaboration)
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The unprecedented volume and rate of transient events that will be discovered by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) demand that the astronomical community update its follow-up paradigm. Alert-brokers—automated software system to sift through, characterize, annotate, and prioritize events for follow-up—will be critical tools for managing alert streams in the LSST era. The Arizona-NOAO Temporal Analysis and Response to Events System (ANTARES) is one such broker. In this work, we develop a machine learning pipeline to characterize and classify variable and transient sources only using the available multiband optical photometry. We describe three illustrative stages of the pipeline, serving the three goals of early, intermediate, and retrospective classification of alerts. The first takes the form of variable versus transient categorization, the second a multiclass typing of the combined variable and transient data set, and the third a purity-driven subtyping of a transient class. Although several similar algorithms have proven themselves in simulations, we validate their performance on real observations for the first time. We quantitatively evaluate our pipeline on sparse, unevenly sampled, heteroskedastic data from various existing observational campaigns, and demonstrate very competitive classification performance. We describe our progress toward adapting the pipeline developed in this work into a real-time broker working on live alert streams from time-domain surveys.
Substructures and Tidal Distortions in the Magellanic Stellar Periphery
Authors: Mackey Dougal , Koposov Sergey , Costa Gary Da , Belokurov Vasily , Erkal Denis , Kuzma Pete 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We use a new panoramic imaging survey conducted with the Dark Energy Camera to map the stellar fringes of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC/SMC) to extremely low surface brightness V ≈ 32 mag arcsec−2. Our results starkly illustrate the closely interacting nature of the LMC–SMC pair. We show that the outer LMC disk is strongly distorted, exhibiting an irregular shape, evidence for warping, and significant truncation on the side facing the SMC. Large diffuse stellar substructures are present both to the north and south of the LMC, and in the inter-Cloud region. At least one of these features appears as co-spatial with the bridge of RR Lyrae stars that connects the Clouds. The SMC is highly disturbed; we confirm the presence of tidal tails, as well as a large line-of-sight depth on the side closest to the LMC. Young, intermediate-age, and ancient stellar populations in the SMC exhibit strikingly different spatial distributions. In particular, those with ages ∼1.5–4 Gyr exhibit a spheroidal distribution with a centroid offset from that of the oldest stars by several degrees toward the LMC. We speculate that the gravitational influence of the LMC may already have been perturbing the gaseous component of the SMC several Gyr ago. With careful modeling, the variety of substructures and tidal distortions evident in the Magellanic periphery should tightly constrain the interaction history of the Clouds.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Impair B Cell Responses in Lung Cancer through IL-7 and STAT5
Authors: Wang Yong , Schafer Cara C. , Hough Kenneth P. , Tousif Sultan , Duncan Steven R. , Kearney John F. , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan , Hsu Hui-Chen , Deshane Jessy S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known suppressors of antitumor immunity, affecting amino acid metabolism and T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. However, it is unknown whether MDSCs regulate B cell responses during tumor progression. Using a syngeneic mouse model of lung cancer, we show reduction in percentages and absolute numbers of B cell subsets including pro–, pre–, and mature B cells in the bone marrow (BM) of tumor-bearing mice. The kinetics of this impaired B cell response correlated with the progressive infiltration of MDSCs. We identified that IL-7 and downstream STAT5 signaling that play a critical role in B cell development and differentiation were also impaired during tumor progression. Global impairment of B cell function was indicated by reduced serum IgG levels. Importantly, we show that anti–Gr-1 Ab-mediated depletion of MDSCs not only rescued serum IgG and IL-7 levels but also reduced TGF-β1, a known regulator of stromal IL-7, suggesting MDSC-mediated regulation of B cell responses. Furthermore, blockade of IL-7 resulted in reduced phosphorylation of downstream STAT5 and B cell differentiation in tumor-bearing mice and administration of TGF-β–blocking Ab rescued these IL-7–dependent B cell responses. Adoptive transfer of BM-derived MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice into congenic recipients resulted in significant reductions of B cell subsets in the BM and in circulation. MDSCs also suppressed B cell proliferation in vitro in an arginase-dependent manner that required cell-to-cell contact. Our results indicate that tumor-infiltrating MDSCs may suppress humoral immune responses and promote tumor escape from immune surveillance.
Do running speed and shoe cushioning influence impact loading and tibial shock in basketball players?
Authors: Lam Wing-Kai , Liebenberg Jacobus , Woo Jeonghyun , Park Sang-Kyoon , Yoon Suk-Hoon , Cheung Roy Tsz-Hei , Ryu Jiseon 
Published: May 2018

Background
Tibial stress fracture (TSF) is a common injury in basketball players. This condition has been associated with high tibial shock and impact loading, which can be affected by running speed, footwear condition, and footstrike pattern. However, these relationships were established in runners but not in basketball players, with very little research done on impact loading and speed. Hence, this study compared tibial shock, impact loading, and foot strike pattern in basketball players running at different speeds with different shoe cushioning properties/performances.

Methods
Eighteen male collegiate basketball players performed straight running trials with different shoe cushioning (regular-, better-, and best-cushioning) and running speed conditions (3.0 m/s vs. 6.0 m/s) on a flat instrumented runway. Tri-axial accelerometer, force plate and motion capture system were used to determine tibial accelerations, vertical ground reaction forces and footstrike patterns in each condition, respectively. Comfort perception was indicated on a 150 mm Visual Analogue Scale. A 2 (speed) × 3 (footwear) repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the main effects of shoe cushioning and running speeds.

Results
Greater tibial shock (P < 0.001; η2 = 0.80) and impact loading (P < 0.001; η2 = 0.73–0.87) were experienced at faster running speeds. Interestingly, shoes with regular-cushioning or best-cushioning resulted in greater tibial shock (P = 0.03; η2 = 0.39) and impact loading (P = 0.03; η2 = 0.38–0.68) than shoes with better-cushioning. Basketball players continued using a rearfoot strike during running, regardless of running speed and footwear cushioning conditions (P > 0.14; η2 = 0.13).

Discussion
There may be an optimal band of shoe cushioning for better protection against TSF. These findings may provide insights to formulate rehabilitation protocols for basketball players who are recovering from TSF.
Laparoscopic Resection of Subclinical Functioning Para-aortic Paraganglioma
Authors: Nakao Yousuke , Sakamoto Yasuo , Miyamoto Yuji , Kurashige Junji , Imamura Yu , Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Ida Satoshi , Iwagami Shiro , Baba Yoshifumi , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas (paragangliomas) are neuroendocrine tumors derived from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells. Although laparoscopic resection of adrenal pheochromocytomas is a common procedure, there are few reports of the use of this approach in extra-adrenal para-aortic paragangliomas. Here, we report the case of a patient with a subclinical functioning para-aortic paraganglioma that was successfully resected laparoscopically.

Case presentation:
A 58-year-old man was referred to our department for treatment of a para-aortic tumor after endoscopic submucosal dissection of early-stage colorectal cancer. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed abnormal accumulation by the para-aortic tumor. During its laparoscopic resection, the patient's blood pressure unexpectedly rose to over 180 mmHg, which suggested that the tumor was a paraganglioma. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining, which showed chromogranin-positive cells forming a Zellballen pattern. The operation was successfully completed, and the patient's postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic resection may be a suitable procedure for the treatment of retroperitoneal paraganglioma.
Actionable Structural Variant Detection via RNA-NGS and DNA-NGS in Patients With Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Owen Dwight , Ben-Shachar Rotem , Feliciano Josephine , Gai Lisa , Beauchamp Kyle A. , Rivers Zachary , Hockenberry Adam J. , Harrison Genelle , Guittar John , Catela Catarina , Parsons Jerod , Cohen Ezra , Sasser Kate , Nimeiri Halla , Guinney Justin , Patel Jyoti , Morgensztern Daniel 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for non–small cell lung cancer suggest that RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) may improve the detection of fusions and splicing variants compared with DNA-NGS alone. However, there is limited adoption of RNA-NGS in routine oncology clinical care today.ObjectiveTo analyze clinical evidence from a diverse cohort of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and compare the detection of NCCN-recommended actionable structural variants (aSVs; fusions and splicing variants) via concurrent DNA and RNA-NGS vs DNA-NGS alone.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multisite, retrospective cohort study examined patients sequenced between February 2021 and October 2023 within the deidentified, Tempus multimodal database, consisting of linked molecular and clinical data. Participants included patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and sufficient tissue sample quantities for both RNA-NGS and DNA-NGS testing.ExposuresReceived results from RNA-NGS and DNA-NGS solid-tissue profiling assays.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDetection rates of NCCN guideline–based structural variants (ALK, ROS1, RET and NTRK1/2/3 fusions, as well as MET exon 14 skipping splicing alterations) found uniquely by RNA-NGS.ResultsIn the evaluable cohort of 5570 patients, median (IQR) age was 67.8 (61.3-75.4) years, and 2989 patients (53.7%) were female. The prevalence of actionable structural variants detected by either RNA-NGS or DNA-NGS was 8.8% (n = 491), with 86.7% (n = 426) of these detected by DNA-NGS. Concurrent RNA-NGS and DNA-NGS identified 15.3% more patients harboring aSVs compared with DNA-NGS alone (491 vs 426 patients, respectively), including 14.3% more patients harboring actionable fusions (376 vs 329 patients) and 18.6% more patients harboring MET exon 14 skipping alterations (115 vs 97 patients). There was no significant association between the assay used for aSV detection and aSV-targeted therapeutic adoption or clinical outcome. Emerging structural variants (eSVs) were found to have a combined prevalence to be 0.7%, with only 47.5% of eSVs detected by DNA-NGS.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the detection of structural variants via concurrent RNA-NGS and DNA-NGS was higher across multiple NCCN-guideline recommended biomarkers compared with DNA-NGS alone, suggesting that RNA-NGS should be routinely implemented in the care of patients with advanced NSCLC.
Food Insecurity Among LGBQ+ Veterans
Authors: Haigh Sylvia V. , Halladay Christopher W. , Kauth Michael R. , Going Christine , Cohen Alicia J. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceFood insecurity is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. Little is known about the prevalence of and risks for food insecurity among veterans identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and similar (LGBQ+), a population facing unique social barriers and medical comorbidities.ObjectiveTo examine food insecurity and potential risk factors among LGBQ+ veterans.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study used administrative data from all US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities nationally. Participants included veterans screened for food insecurity between March 1, 2021, and August 31, 2023.ExposurePositive response to food insecurity screening administered in VHA facilities as part of routine clinical care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with food insecurity among veterans identifying as LGBQ+ or heterosexual and those with “don’t know” responses regarding their sexual orientation.ResultsOf 3 580 148 veterans screened, the mean (SD) age was 61.6 (0.4) years; 3 192 507 (89.2%) were assigned male sex at birth. A total of 83 292 veterans (2.3%) identified as LGBQ+, and 10 183 (0.3%) had “don’t know” responses. LGBQ+ veterans (5352 [6.4%]) and veterans with “don’t know” responses (635 [6.2%]) were more than twice as likely as heterosexual veterans (90 426 [2.6%]) to have positive screen results for food insecurity. While risk factors for food insecurity were similar for veterans across sexual orientation groups, LGBQ+ veterans had higher rates of several risk factors compared with heterosexual veterans, including age younger than 45 years (45.3% vs 19.5%), female sex assigned at birth (44.1% vs 10.0%), being in a minoritized racial or ethnic group (34.7% vs 29.8%), unmarried or unpartnered status (69.1% vs 39.7%), low income (16.4% vs 14.9%), homelessness or housing instability (10.3% vs 5.4%), anxiety (7.7% vs 4.3%), depression (31.1% vs 19.3%), suicidality (3.6% vs 1.4%), posttraumatic stress disorder (42.2% vs 30.2%), substance use disorder (13.1% vs 9.0%), military sexual trauma (24.0% vs 5.4%), and recent intimate partner violence (2.6% vs 1.4%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of veterans screened for food insecurity, LGBQ+ veterans and those with “don’t know” responses for sexual orientation experienced food insecurity at nearly 2.5 times the rate of heterosexual veterans. While risk factors for food insecurity were similar across groups, LGBQ+ veterans faced a higher prevalence of particular risks, including homelessness and several mental health and trauma-related comorbidities. Future work should examine targeted screening and interventions tailored to identifying and addressing food insecurity in this population, given their increased vulnerability and burden of food insecurity.
A Programmable Oral Nanomotor Microcapsule for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Han Jingwen , Ye Jiamin , Shi Jiacheng , Fan Yueyue , Yuan Xue , Li Ruiyan , Niu Gaoli , Abubakar Muhammad , Kang Yong , Ji Xiaoyuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven the unique anatomy and location of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), oral pharmacological treatment is the mainstay for managing IBD because of its convenience and direct accessibility to the gastrointestinal tract. However, efficient delivery systems must be designed to navigate the harsh gastrointestinal environment during application. Here, an innovative oral drug delivery system was proposed using nanomotor (NM)‐loaded soluble microcapsules for treating IBD. MnO2‐Au‐mSiO2 NMs incorporate partially encapsulated MnO2 antennas that convert reactive oxygen species into oxygen, autonomously propelling the NMs. Astaxanthin (AST), known for its anti‐inflammatory properties, is loaded into the mesoporous silica (mSiO2) of NMs (AST@NMs). AST effectively reduces inflammation and shifts macrophages from a proinflammatory (M1) phenotype to an anti‐inflammatory (M2) phenotype. To protect the nanomotors from harsh digestive conditions and achieve intestinal‐responsive release, using photocurable 3D printing, we fabricated enteric‐coated oral microcapsules (MCs). Additionally, to prevent leakage of AST@NMs, a calcium alginate shell was cured in situ on the surface of the microcapsules (AST@NMs@MCs). In vitro and in vivo, AST@NMs@MCs effectively reduced inflammation, repaired the intestinal barrier, and modulated the gut microbiota. These findings underscore the protective effects of the microcapsules on AST@NM, highlighting their potential as a promising strategy for treating colitis.
Engineering Co Single Atoms in Ultrathin BiOCl Nanosheets for Boosted CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Hou Huilin , Wang Shuo , Wang Lin , Yang Yang , Bowen Chris R. , Wang Jinguo , Liao Ziyi , Yang Dongjiang , Yan Ruifang , Yang Weiyou 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite the development of a range of photocatalysts for CO2 reduction, the practical applications are significantly limited by low conversion efficiencies and their reliance on sacrificial agents, which are rooted in thermodynamic and kinetic challenges related to CO2 conversion. Here, the engineering of Co single atoms in ultrathin single‐crystal BiOCl nanosheets for boosted photocatalytic CO2 reduction is reported. The engineering of Co atoms modulates the distribution of photogenerated charges at the catalyst surface, controlling key surface reaction dynamics and suppressing surface electron‐hole recombination. This modulation also improves light absorption and enhances CO2 adsorption and activation, leading to more efficient surface reactions. Notably, CO2 is stably adsorbed onto the (001) face of BiOCl through a Bi‐O‐C(= O)‐Co‐O coordination unit, which lowers the activation energy for CO2 reduction and reduces the formation energy of COOH− intermediates. As a result, the BiOCl photocatalysts achieve a CO formation rate of 183.9 µmol g−1 h−1, when irradiated with a 300 W Xe lamp without cocatalysts or sacrificial agents. It represents an ≈13‐fold increase compared to that of pristine BiOCl, and surpasses most reported Bi‐based photocatalysts to date. Current work provides valuable insights into engineering of single atoms for developing advanced CO2‐reduction photocatalysts.