bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the TB data gap: in silico extraction of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis diagnostic test results from whole genome sequence data
Authors: Ng Kamela C. S. , Ngabonziza Jean Claude S. , Lempens Pauline , de Jong Bouke C. , van Leth Frank , Meehan Conor J. 
Published: August 2019

Background
Mycobacterium tuberculosis rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely employed in routine laboratories and national surveys for detection of rifampicin-resistant (RR)-TB. However, as next-generation sequencing technologies have become more commonplace in research and surveillance programs, RDTs are being increasingly complemented by whole genome sequencing (WGS). While comparison between RDTs is difficult, all RDT results can be derived from WGS data. This can facilitate continuous analysis of RR-TB burden regardless of the data generation technology employed. By converting WGS to RDT results, we enable comparison of data with different formats and sources particularly for low- and middle-income high TB-burden countries that employ different diagnostic algorithms for drug resistance surveys. This allows national TB control programs (NTPs) and epidemiologists to utilize all available data in the setting for improved RR-TB surveillance.

Methods
We developed the Python-based MycTB Genome to Test (MTBGT) tool that transforms WGS-derived data into laboratory-validated results of the primary RDTs—Xpert MTB/RIF, XpertMTB/RIF Ultra, GenoType MDRTBplus v2.0, and GenoscholarNTM+MDRTB II. The tool was validated through RDT results of RR-TB strains with diverse resistance patterns and geographic origins and applied on routine-derived WGS data.

Results
The MTBGT tool correctly transformed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data into the RDT results and generated tabulated frequencies of the RDT probes as well as rifampicin-susceptible cases. The tool supplemented the RDT probe reactions output with the RR-conferring mutation based on identified SNPs. The MTBGT tool facilitated continuous analysis of RR-TB and Xpert probe reactions from different platforms and collection periods in Rwanda.

Conclusion
Overall, the MTBGT tool allows low- and middle-income countries to make sense of the increasingly generated WGS in light of the readily available RDT results, and assess whether currently implemented RDTs adequately detect RR-TB in their setting. With its feature to transform WGS to RDT results and facilitate continuous RR-TB data analysis, the MTBGT tool may bridge the gap between and among data from periodic surveys, continuous surveillance, research, and routine tests, and may be integrated within the national information system for use by the NTP and epidemiologists to improve setting-specific RR-TB control. The MTBGT source code and accompanying documentation are available at https://github.com/KamelaNg/MTBGT.
Determination of Biochemical and Histological Parameters of Alcohol Administration in Wistar Rats
Authors: Dawodu O. G. , Ebuehi O. A. T. , Odesanmi O. S. , Olalekan M. O. 
Published: August 2019

Animal model development of alcohol administration in rats is of crucial importance as it gives indirect information to effects of alcohol in humans. An indirect assessment of this would be the biochemical and histological data that could arise from such experiments.
20 Male Wistar rats weighing (63.50±3.79 g), were divided into four groups (consisting 15 treated animals and 5 control animals) and administered with varying concentrations of ethanol (5% 15% and 40%) via intragastric intubation for a period of 28 days. Probic evaluations, liver biochemical enzymes and alteration in histology profile of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and viscera organs (namely the liver, kidney, heart and lungs) were determined after experimental duration.
At 40% ethanol administration, the rats showed biochemically significant decrease in serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum aspartate (AST) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT) when compared to normal study while 5% and 15% ethanol administered rats were comparable with control values i.e. normal study. Probic evaluations such as body weight, water intake and food intake showed percentage decrease in 40% ethanol administrated rat when compared with controls. The photomicrographs of the 5% and 15% ethanol administered rats indicated mild damage in their histological profiles when compared to the normal study while there was more adverse damage occurring in the 40% ethanol administrated rats.
Conclusion: From this study, serum aspartate (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT), probic evaluation (body weight, food intake and water intake) coupled with histopathological investigation may be used as biomarker for the early diagnosis of ethanol toxicity in human beings.
ASSESSING PUBLIC PERCEPTION FOR ILLUMINATION OF BUILDING IN KAYUTANGAN STREET, MALANG, INDONESIA
Authors: Azis Baskoro , Santosa Herry , Ernawati Jenny 
Published: August 2019

Malang is well-known for colonial buildings. Visual quality of building in the Kayutangan corridor makes it an icon of Malang City. Assessment of visual quality is affected by daytime and nighttime conditions. Day and night lighting are factors that influenced the visual quality assessment of buildings. This study meant to assess the visual quality of buildings in the kayutangan corridor which has a history and aspects that influence by society during the day and night. This study used a descriptive quantitative method explaining public perception about the visual quality of buildings in Kayutangan street corridors during the day and night. Semantic Differential Scale was the instrument to describe the respondents’ perceptions. From the result showed that visual quality of four of 10 buildings have a low scores and there are six variables that have the most influence on daylight and eight variables at night on buildings in the Kayutangan corridor.
Linkages between violence‐associated attitudes and psychological, physical, and sexual dating abuse perpetration and victimization among male and female adolescents
Authors: Ybarra Michele L. , Langhinrichsen‐Rohling Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAttitudes about violence and sex in dating relationships were related to psychological, physical, and sexual teen dating abuse perpetration and victimization. Data from Wave 4 of the national, randomly selected, Growing up with Media cohort (n = 876 adolescents aged 14‐19 years), collected in 2011, were analyzed. Dating youth perceived more peer pressure to have sex and were more accepting of sex in brief or nonmarital relationships than pre‐dating youth. Boys had higher levels of rape‐supportive attitudes than girls. Among dating youth, the relative odds of involvement in teen dating abuse as a perpetrator or a victim were generally associated with greater acceptance of relationship violence, perceived peer pressure to have sex, and acceptance of sex in brief and/or nonmarital relationships. Rape‐supportive attitudes were not significantly associated with any type of teen dating abuse involvement. Programs aimed at preventing dating abuse might benefit from targeting attitudes associated with sexual activity as well as relationship violence.
Parental media monitoring, prosocial violent media exposure, and adolescents' prosocial and aggressive behaviors
Authors: Holmgren Hailey G. , Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Stockdale Laura A. , Coyne Sarah M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProsocial violent media (e.g., media that combines both violent and prosocial content) is especially popular in entertainment media today. However, it remains unclear how parental media monitoring is associated with exposure to prosocial violent content and adolescent behavior. Accordingly, 1,193 adolescents were asked about parental media monitoring, media content exposure, and behavior. Main findings suggest that autonomy supportive restrictive monitoring was associated with lower levels of exposure to prosocial violent content, but only among older adolescents. Additionally, autonomy supportive restrictive monitoring was the only form of parental media monitoring associated with lower levels of violent content and higher levels of prosocial content, and autonomy supportive active monitoring was the only parental monitoring strategy that promoted prosocial behavior via exposure to prosocial media content. Discussion focuses on the importance of autonomy supportive parental monitoring, as well as the implications of parents encouraging their children to watch media with limited violent content—even if it is prosocial violent content.
Microglia in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with progranulin or C9ORF72 mutations
Authors: Sakae Nobutaka , Roemer Shanu F. , Bieniek Kevin F. , Murray Melissa E. , Baker Matthew C. , Kasanuki Koji , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Petrucelli Leonard , Van Blitterswijk Marka , Rademakers Rosa , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify clinicopathological differences between frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) due to mutations in progranulin (FTLD‐GRN) and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (FTLD‐C9ORF72).MethodsWe performed quantitative neuropathologic comparison of 17 FTLD‐C9ORF72 and 15 FTLD‐GRN with a focus on microglia. For clinical comparisons, only cases with high quality medical documentation and concurring diagnoses by at least two neurologists were included (14 FTLD‐GRN and 13 FTLD‐C9ORF72). Neuropathological analyses were limited to TDP‐43 Type A to assure consistent assessment between the groups, acknowledging that Type A is a minority of C9ORF72 patients. Furthermore, only cases with sufficient tissue from all regions were studied (11 FTLD‐GRN and 11 FTLD‐C9ORF72). FTLD cases were also compared to age– and sex–matched normal controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed for pTDP‐43, IBA‐1, CD68, and GFAP. Morphological characterization of microglia was performed in sections of cortex blinded to clinical and genetic information.ResultsFTLD‐GRN patients had frequent asymmetric clinical features, including aphasia and apraxia, as well as more asymmetric cortical atrophy. Neuropathologically, FTLD‐C9ORF72 had greater hippocampal tau pathology and more TDP‐43 neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. FTLD‐GRN had more neocortical microvacuolation, as well as more IBA‐1–positive ameboid microglia in superficial cortical layers and in subcortical white matter. FTLD‐GRN also had more microglia with nuclear condensation, possibly indicating apoptosis. Microglial morphology with CD68 immunohistochemistry in FTLD‐GRN and FTLD‐C9ORF72 differed from controls.InterpretationOur findings underscore differences in microglial response in FTLD‐C9ORF72 and FTLD‐GRN as shown by significant differences in ameboid microglia in gray and white matter. These results suggest the differential contribution of microglial dysfunction in FTLD‐GRN and FTLD‐C9ORF72 and suggest that clinical, neuroimaging and pathologic differences could in part be related to differences in microglia response.
Integrated Thin Film Battery Design for Flexible Lithium Ion Storage: Optimizing the Compatibility of the Current Collector‐Free Electrodes
Authors: Zhao Wenyu , Bai Miao , Li Shaowen , Tang Xiaoyu , Wu Weiwei , Sun Changchun , Yin Xiaokang , Zhou Jie , Yuan Shuai , Ma Yue 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe design of flexible full‐cell configuration relies on the light‐weight arrangement, structural robustness, compositional compatibility, and shape conformability of the coherent components. In this article, a general and scalable spin‐coating approach is developed to integrate the flexible, current‐collector‐free cathode and anode in the thin film batteries with the layer‐stacked configuration. The design of the ternary composite anode involves the reduced graphene oxide encapsulation of the MoS2/N‐doped carbon microrods composite (rGO‐MoS2/NC) via the facile hydrothermal‐calcination process. In the similar structure design of the cathode, the ball‐milled nanocrystalline mixture of LiMn2O4 and LiVPO4F is wrapped within the GO interfacial protection layer. Furthermore, the slurries of electroactive materials with the predetermined areal capacity ratio of negative to positive electrodes (N/P ratio) are cast onto both sides of the nano‐SiO2 modified polyethylene (SiO2‐MPE) separator via the facile spin‐coating process. The prototype full‐cell configuration delivers a high reversible capacity, satisfactory capacity retention at the high rate, as well as good cyclability under different mechanical loadings. This integrated thin film battery model showcases its potential use in the flexible electronic devices.
Polaronic Trions at the MoS2/SrTiO3 Interface
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Goswami Sreetosh , Trushin Maxim , Saha Surajit , Panahandeh‐Fard Majid , Prakash Saurav , Tan Sherman Jun Rong , Scott Mary , Loh Kian Ping , Adam Shaffique , Mathew Sinu , Venkatesan Thirumalai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe reduced electrical screening in 2D materials provides an ideal platform for realization of exotic quasiparticles, that are robust and whose functionalities can be exploited for future electronic, optoelectronic, and valleytronic applications. Recent examples include an interlayer exciton, where an electron from one layer binds with a hole from another, and a Holstein polaron, formed by an electron dressed by a sea of phonons. Here, a new quasiparticle is reported, “polaronic trion” in a heterostructure of MoS2/SrTiO3 (STO). This emerges as the Fröhlich bound state of the trion in the atomically thin monolayer of MoS2 and the very unique low energy soft phonon mode (≤7 meV, which is temperature and field tunable) in the quantum paraelectric substrate STO, arising below its structural antiferrodistortive (AFD) phase transition temperature. This dressing of the trion with soft phonons manifests in an anomalous temperature dependence of photoluminescence emission leading to a huge enhancement of the trion binding energy (≈70 meV). The soft phonons in STO are sensitive to electric field, which enables field control of the interfacial trion–phonon coupling and resultant polaronic trion binding energy. Polaronic trions could provide a platform to realize quasiparticle‐based tunable optoelectronic applications driven by many body effects.
Magnetically Controllable Liquid Metal Marbles
Authors: Chen Rui , Xiong Qin , Song Rui‐Zhou , Li Kai‐Lin , Zhang Yu‐Xin , Fang Cheng , Guo Jiang‐Long 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGallium‐based liquid metal alloys (LMAs) are extensively studied and used recently due to their excellent fluidity, high conductivity, and low evaporation pressure. Nonwettable and nonsticky liquid metal marbles (LMMs) are also developed to address the stickiness issue of oxidized LMAs in air. Current LMMs, however, lack acceptable controllability, shape stability, and robustness, greatly limiting their practical application. Here, a magnetically controllable liquid metal marble (MCLMM) that is noncorrosive and nonsticky, and exhibits good elasticity and mechanical robustness, is presented. The as‐obtained MCLMM consists of a soft liquid metal core coated with a mixture of ferronickel (FN) and polyethylene (PE) microparticles. This combined structure shows excellent magnetic controllability, good elasticity, and favorable mechanical robustness, as demonstrated by contact angle measurements, rolling angle measurements, corrosive testing, magnetically actuated locomotion, and impact and bounce tests. The MCLMM also possesses satisfying stability in air and stability against temperature changing. In addition, its capabilities are demonstrated as a robotic motor, controllable obstacle cleaner, and a flexible switch for circuits, which shows the potential for MCLMM applications in robotic locomotion and manipulation, electronic circuits, and beyond.
A 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Water Splitting Cell
Authors: Lee Chong‐Yong , Taylor Adam C. , Beirne Stephen , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract3D printing offers an attractive approach in fabricating complex designs across a wide range of materials to meet the functional requirements of targeted applications. In this study, the surface‐patterned metallic electrodes are printed and integrated with custom built reaction vessels produced via a polymer‐based 3D printing approach to create a complete electrochemical cell. It is shown that metallic electrodes with conical surface structures can be printed from Ti and Ni. In addition to conventional flat electrodes, the design can be tailor‐made to any desirable geometry such as a curved structure. The transformation of inactive Ti electrodes with the deposition of an active catalyst can be readily obtained by electrodeposition to enhance the electrode functionality. A new design of fully printed compartmented electrochemical cell with both anode and cathode facing outward, separated by a Nafion membrane, enabling the water oxidation and proton reduction reactions to occur in their respective compartments is fabricated.
Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Michael Addition of 2‐Hydroxypyridines and α,β‐Unsaturated 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Wu Yu‐Chun , Jhong Yi , Lin Hui‐Jie , Swain Sharada Prasanna , Tsai Hui‐Hsu Gavin , Hou Duen‐Ren 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe framework of 2‐pyridones is prevalent in biologically and medicinally important molecules. Here we report that chiral N‐substituted 2‐pyridones were prepared by enantioselective, organocatalytic aza‐Michael additions of halogenated 2‐hydroxypyridines (pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones) to α,β‐unsaturated‐1,4‐dketones or 1,4‐ketoesters. The reactions were optimized by the choice of solvents and systematic screening of Cinchona alkaloid‐based bifunctional catalysts to achieve excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield and >99% ee). Density functional theory calculations provided rationales for the observed enantioselectivity. Formal synthesis of a human rhinovirus protease inhibitor was achieved using the chiral Michael adduct generated by this method.magnified image
On the Crack‐Tip Region Stress Field in Molecular Systems: The Case of Ideal Brittle Fracture
Authors: Gallo Pasquale 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContinuum‐based fracture mechanics breaks down at the nanoscale where the discrete nature of atoms cannot be neglected. Intriguingly, this work shows that the concept of stress intensity factor is still valid if the atoms are modeled. Molecular statistics simulations are conducted on single‐edge cracked samples of ideal brittle silicon, varying the size until few nanometers. The local virial stress, derived as the functional derivative of the free energy of a molecular system with respect to the deformation tensor, is used as a measure of the mechanical stress at the atomic level. Then, stress intensity factor at failure is evaluated. The results show that regardless of the size, the atomistic stress field varies according to the classical 1/r0.5 relation, and discrete stress intensity factors can be derived for all the geometries. Continuum values, in contrast, fail to describe the fracture when the length of the singular stress field is smaller than 4–5 times the fracture process zone. Thus, this work shows that the stress intensity factor from atomic stress may be useful to describe the fracture criterion at extremely small dimensions, provided that virial stress is accepted as a representation of mechanical stress at the atomic level.
“Everybody is an Artist”: Arts‐based Education and Formerly Incarcerated Young Black Men's Academic and Social–Emotional Development in an Alternative School
Authors: Lea Charles H. , Malorni Angela , Jones Tiffany M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough arts‐based programming is shown to positively influence the development of youth exposed to adversity, little is known about the influence these programs have on formerly incarcerated emerging adult Black men enrolled in an alternative school. With educational resilience as a guiding framework, this qualitative case study explored the ways in which an arts‐based program in the context of an alternative school designed for formerly incarcerated young people facilitates emerging adult Black men's academic and social–emotional development. Data collection consisted of observations and interviews with school personnel and formerly incarcerated Black male students. Analysis and interpretation included a range of inductive techniques (coding, constant comparisons, and memoing). Results indicate that offering arts‐based activities fostered an environment where students could build caring and supportive relationships with peers and school personnel. Instructional practices that integrated music and poetry provided meaningful opportunities for the young men to participate, which appeared to enhance their motivation and attitudes (self, others, learning, and school) and academic self‐efficacy, and lessen their psychological and emotional distress. Study findings provide insights into how an arts‐based program in an alternative school can improve healthy development and academic achievement among formerly incarcerated young Black men transitioning into adulthood.
Aufklärung des Mechanismus von SnO2‐Gassensoren unter Betriebsbedingungen mittels kombinierter operando‐UV‐Vis‐, Raman‐ und IR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Elger Ann‐Kathrin , Hess Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSnO2 ist das am häufigsten verwendete Material für Metalloxid‐Gassensoren, aber ein detailliertes Verständnis der Funktionsweise steht trotz der Relevanz noch immer aus. Um mechanistische Einblicke in SnO2‐Gassensoren unter Arbeitsbedingungen zu erhalten, haben wir einen operando‐Zugang entwickelt, der UV‐Vis‐, Raman‐ und FT‐IR‐Spektroskopie kombiniert, und es erstmals erlaubt, die Sensorantwort mit der Sauerstoffleerstellen‐Konzentration im Metalloxid, der Art der Adsorbate und der Gasphasenzusammensetzung zu verknüpfen. Wir zeigen anhand der Ethanol‐Gassensorik, dass der Sensorwiderstand direkt mit der Anzahl an Sauerstoffleerstellen an der Oberfläche und der Art der Oberflächenspezies, insbesondere der Acetat‐ und Hydroxyspezies, korreliert ist. Unsere operando‐Ergebnisse erlauben eine Beurteilung der in der Literatur vorgeschlagenen Modelle hinsichtlich der Arbeitsweise von Gassensoren. Aufgrund ihres fundamentalen Charakters sind sie auch für andere Metalloxid‐Gassensoren von unmittelbarer Relevanz.
Indeno[1,2‐b]carbazole as Methoxy‐Free Donor Group: Constructing Efficient and Stable Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jialin , Zhang Heng , Wu Bingxue , Wang Zhihui , Sun Zhe , Xue Song , Wu Yongzhen , Hagfeldt Anders , Liang Mao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith perovskite‐based solar cells (PSCs) now reaching efficiencies of greater than 20 %, the stability of PSC devices has become a critical challenge for commercialization. However, most efficient hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) thus far still rely on the state‐of‐the‐art methoxy triphenylamine (MOTPA) donor unit in which methoxy groups usually reduce the device stability. Herein, a carbazole‐fluorene hybrid has been employed as a methoxy‐free donor to construct organic HTMs. The indeno[1,2‐b]carbazole group not only inherits the characteristics of carbazole and fluorene, but also exhibits additional advantages arising from the bulky planar structure. Consequently, M129, endowed with indeno[1,2‐b]carbazole simultaneously exhibits a promising efficiency of over 20 % and superior long‐term stability. The hybrid strategy toward the methoxy‐free donor opens a new avenue for developing efficient and stable HTMs.