bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol binge disrupts the rat intestinal barrier: the partial protective role of oleoylethanolamide
Authors: Antón M , Rodríguez‐González A , Ballesta A , González N , del Pozo A , de Fonseca F R , Gómez‐Lus M L , Leza J C , García‐Bueno B , Caso J R , Orio L 
Published: September 2018

Background and PurposeChronic alcohol consumption alters the gut–brain axis, but little is known about alcohol binge episodes on the functioning of the intestinal barrier. We investigated the influence of ethanol binges on bacterial translocation, gut inflammation and immunity, and tight junction (TJ) structure and the ability of the biolipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA) to prevent ethanol binge‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.Experimental ApproachOEA was injected i.p. before repeated ethanol administration by oral gavage. Plasma, spleen, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected in sterile conditions for determination of bacterial load. Immune/inflammatory parameters, TJ proteins and apoptotic markers were determined in colonic tissue by RT‐PCR and Western blotting. TJ ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy.Key ResultsEthanol binges induced bacterial translocation to the MLN (mainly) and spleen. Colonic tissues showed signs of inflammation, and activation of innate (Toll‐like receptor‐4) and adaptive (IgA) immune systems and TJ proteins (occludin and claudin‐3) were decreased after ethanol binges. Pretreatment with OEA reduced intestinal inflammation and immune activation and partially preserved the TJ structure affected by alcohol binges but had no effect on alcohol‐induced apoptosis. Ultrastructural analyses of colonic TJs revealed dilated TJs in all ethanol groups, with less electron‐dense material in non‐pretreated rats. The protective effects of i.p. OEA did not reduce bacterial translocation to the MLN. However, intragastric OEA administration significantly reduced plasma LPS levels and bacterial translocation to the MLN.Conclusion and ImplicationsOEA‐based pharmacotherapies could potentially be useful to treat disorders characterized by intestinal barrier dysfunction, including alcohol abuse.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue therapy reduces fat by dual X‐ray absorptiometry scan and improves tissue structure by ultrasound in women with lipoedema and Dercum disease
Authors: Ibarra M. , Eekema A. , Ussery C. , Neuhardt D. , Garby K. , Herbst K. L. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryLipoedema is painful nodular subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) on legs and arms of women sparing the trunk. People with Dercum disease (DD) have painful SAT masses. Lipoedema and DD fat resists loss by diet and exercise. Treatments other than surgery are needed. Six women with lipoedema and one with DD underwent twelve 90‐min sessions over 4 weeks. Body composition by dual X‐ray absorptiometry scan, leg volume, weight, pain, bioimpedance, tissue size by caliper and ultrasound were analysed before and after SAT therapy by paired t‐tests. There was a significant decrease from baseline to end of treatment in weight, 87.6 ± 21 to 86.1 ± 20.5 kg (P = 0.03), leg fat mass 17.8 ± 7.7 to 17.4 ± 7.6 kg (P = 0.008), total leg volume 12.9 ± 4 to 12 ± 3.5 L (P = 0.007), six of 20 calliper sites and tissue oedema. Pain scores did not change significantly. By ultrasound, six women had 22 hyperechoic masses in leg fat that resolved after treatment; five women developed seven new masses. Fascia improved by ultrasound after treatment. SAT therapy reduced amount and structure of fat in women with lipoedema and Dercum disease; studies are needed to compare SAT therapy to other therapies.
Long‐term retention in an employer‐based, commercial weight‐loss programme
Authors: Alexander E. , Tseng E. , Durkin N. , Jerome G. J. , Dalcin A. , Appel L. J. , Clark J. M. , Gudzune K. A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study is to examine factors associated with long‐term retention in a commercial weight‐loss programme. We conducted a retrospective analysis of an employer‐based, commercial programme from 2013 to 2016. Our dependent variable was ‘long‐term retention’, defined as continuously enrolled participants who actively engaged through coach calls at 6 and 12 months. Independent variables included baseline demographics, programme engagement and weight change. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses assessing for differences in long‐term retention by several factors, adjusted for employer clustering. Overall, 68.3% were retained at 6% and 45.9% at 12 months. Greater number of coach calls and website logins during the first 3 months significantly increased the odds of long‐term retention, while having chronic conditions significantly decreased the odds. Weight‐loss success (≥5% loss at 6 months) was significantly associated with increased odds of retention (12‐month: odds ratio [OR] 2.80, P < 0.001), while early weight‐loss failure (≥0% weight change at 1 month) significantly decreased odds of retention (12‐month: OR 0.66, P = 0.008). In an employer‐based, commercial weight loss programme, greater early programme engagement was associated with long‐term retention. Given these programmes’ popularity and potential reach, our results could be used to develop and test strategies designed to improve retention in commercial weight‐loss programmes.
The efficacy of ablation‐based combination therapy for vitiligo: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: King Yih‐An , Tsai Tsung‐Yu , Tsai Hsiou‐Hsin , Huang Yu‐Chen 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackground and objectivesThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of vitiligo treatments with and without ablation therapy.Patients and methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of literature published before September 15, 2017. Comparative studies of vitiligo patients treated with and without ablation therapy were included. The primary outcome was ≥ 50 % repigmentation. Secondary outcomes were ≥ 75 % repigmentation and patient scores on a subjective visual analogue scale.ResultsFifteen studies with a total of 401 participants were included. The ablation‐based combination therapy group had significantly superior results to the control group (odds ratio [OR] for ≥ 50 % repigmentation: 10.490, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.632–23.757; OR for ≥ 75 % repigmentation: 5.812, 95 % CI: 2.194–15.393). Patients receiving ablation‐based combination therapy were significantly more satisfied with the efficacy than the control group (standardized mean difference: 1.073, 95 % CI: 0.528–1.619). Subgroup analysis showed that the erbium laser group, CO2 laser group and fractional CO2 laser group achieved significantly better repigmentation than the control groups.ConclusionsAccording to objective and subjective evaluations, treatments for vitiligo are more effective when combined with ablation therapy than when used alone.
Histological intralesional heterogeneity of actinic keratoses relates to field cancerization
Authors: Schmitz Lutz , Stücker Markus , Gambichler Thilo , Stockfleth Eggert , Dirschka Thomas 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesHistological heterogeneity within distinct actinic keratosis (AK) lesions has been described and might serve as an additional feature of AKs. We aimed to investigate and quantify the histological heterogeneity of AKs regarding different grading systems.Methods and MaterialWe assessed the histology of 3 mm biopsies of AK lesions located on the scalp or face. We documented basal proliferation (PRO I–III), histological grade (AK I–III) and determined the overall classification of each lesion.ResultsOf the 305 lesions included, 48 (15.7 %) lesions were classified as AK I, 152 (49.8 %) as AK II and 105 (34.4 %) as AK III. 33 AKs (10.8 %) showed no basal proliferation, 94 (30.8 %) were graded as PRO I, 99 (32.5 %) as PRO II and 79 (25.9 %) as PRO III. One histological grade and basal growth pattern per lesion was observed in 94 (30.8 %) and 104 (34.1 %) cases respectively, two grades in 170 (55.7 %) and 168 (55.1 %) cases, and three grades in 41 (13.4 %) and 33 (10.8 %) cases (Chi‐squared test, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsBy analogy with the clinical heterogeneity of field cancerization, AKs show a high histological grade heterogeneity even within small lesions. Variations in AK grading reflect the heterogeneity of the cancerization field and might serve as additional feature.
Female type of adult acne: Physiological and psychological considerations and management
Authors: Dreno Brigitte , Bagatin Edileia , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Rocha Marco , Gollnick Harald 
Published: September 2018

SummaryToday we see more cases of acne after adolescence, with a greater prevalence in females than males. Adult female acne has a distinct clinical presentation and is associated with a number of specific pathophysiological features and gender‐specific triggers. The psychological impact of acne is generally significant and largely underestimated; stress during professional and private life, anxiety and sleep quality, in particular, have a reciprocal relationship with disease susceptibility and severity. It is essential to compare with males. Acne in females often causes greater distress in adults than in adolescents. The impact of disease may therefore be greater for female patients, triggering higher levels of psychosocial anguish and increasing the likelihood of sequelae such as skin picking and the risks of cutaneous superinfection, scarring and PIH and acne recurrence. The management of adult female acne should encompass not just medical treatment of the symptoms, but also a comprehensive, holistic approach to the patient as a whole, her individual lifestyle factors and the impact of acne on her quality of life. Future management of this disease should aim to improve patient adherence to therapy and to develop validated outcomes of treatment regarding overall skin appearance and quality of life.
The vocabulary spurt predicts the emergence of backward semantic inhibition in 18‐month‐old toddlers
Authors: Chow Janette , Aimola Davies Anne M. , Fuentes Luis J. , Plunkett Kim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe current study examines the relationship between 18‐month‐old toddlers’ vocabulary size and their ability to inhibit attention to no‐longer relevant information using the backward semantic inhibition paradigm. When adults switch attention from one semantic category to another, the former and no‐longer‐relevant semantic category becomes inhibited, and subsequent attention to an item that belongs to the inhibited semantic category is impaired. Here we demonstrate that 18‐month‐olds can inhibit attention to no‐longer relevant semantic categories, but only if they have a relatively large vocabulary. These findings suggest that an increased number of items (word knowledge) in the toddler lexical‐semantic system during the “vocabulary spurt” at 18‐months may be an important driving force behind the emergence of a semantic inhibitory mechanism. Possessing more words in the mental lexicon likely results in the formation of inhibitory links between words, which allow toddlers to select and deselect words and concepts more efficiently. Our findings highlight the role of vocabulary growth in the development of inhibitory processes in the emerging lexical‐semantic system.
Comparison of echocardiographic parameters in Fabry cardiomyopathy and light‐chain cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Marek Josef , Palecek Tomas , Magne Julien , Lavergne David , Boulogne Cyrille , Fadel Bahaa M. , Jaccard Arnaud , Linhart Ales , Mohty Dania 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundFabry cardiomyopathy (FC) and light‐chain amyloid cardiomyopathy (AL) present with concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy/remodeling and diastolic rather than systolic dysfunction. Direct comparisons are difficult due to rarity and confounded by variability of LV thickness.AimsTo compare LV diastolic and systolic properties between patients with FC and AL in a cohort matched for interventricular septal thickness (IVS).MethodsA two‐center echocardiographic analysis was performed, comprising 118 patients with IVS ≥12 mm (FC and AL 59 patients each) matched by IVS.ResultsFabry cardiomyopathy patients had larger LV end‐diastolic diameter (47.7 [44.0–50.9] vs 45.0 [41.5–49.0] mm, P = 0.002), better LV ejection fraction (EF 68.7 [63.4–74.0] vs 63.0 [54.0–70.0]%, P = 0.001) and midwall fractional shortening (midFS 14.8 [13.0–16.1] vs 12.1 [8.9–15.0]%, P = 0.006). LV EF <40% was rare in both (2% vs 7%, P = 0.17). AL patients expressed higher LV diastolic dysfunction grade (III in 26% vs 4%, II in 21% vs 12% and I in 54% vs 84%, P = 0.004), with higher E/e’ ratio (13.6 [10.2–18.8] vs 9.8 [7.5–12.3], P < 0.0001). Average E/e’ ratio and midFS were significantly associated with NYHA severity in both groups (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsMatched AL patients had worse LV diastolic function than FC, driven by E/e’. Significant LV systolic dysfunction was rare overall. MidFS and E/e’ were associated with heart failure severity in both groups.
Validation and usability of a mobile phone application for epidemiological surveillance of traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Zaror Carlos , Espinoza‐Espinoza Gerardo , Atala‐Acevedo Claudia , Muñoz‐Millán Patricia , Li Yunhan , Clarke Ken , Onetto Juan , Díaz Jaime , Hallet Kerrod , Manton David , Mariño Rodrigo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground/AimTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a public health problem, given their prevalence and consequences. However, their epidemiology is uncertain due to a general lack of quality data capture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and usability of a mobile phone‐based application for community‐based surveillance of traumatic dental injuries.Materials and MethodsA mobile phone‐based application, Dental Trauma Tracker (DTT), was developed. This system involves a mobile application for general users to report TDIs and a Web application for researchers to generate epidemiological data. The DTT evaluation used mixed methods and was conducted in three phases: (a) validation of a trauma identification system using preselected TDI images; (b) design evaluation by experts; and (c) usability evaluation measured by the reporting of three fictitious TDI cases and using the System Usability Scale (SUS).ResultsIn the first phase, 182 participants participated. Most images showed over 95% accuracy, indicating that they adequately represented the type of dentoalveolar trauma being evaluated (κ = 0.75). The design evaluation identified nine usability problems—four of them with a “High priority” to be fixed, four with “Low priority,” and one “No fix necessary.” A total of 29 volunteers participated in the usability evaluation. The mean time for users to complete all of the reports was 7.8 ± 3.0 minutes. Mean SUS score was 67.4 ± 21.9 (Range: 0‐100; worst to best). The global agreement between cases registered with the gold standard was also “Substantial” (κ = 0.71).ConclusionsThis preliminary evaluation confirmed the App's usability, using a sample of potential users, as well as reporting on the results of an expert panel review of the DTT. These are the minimum requirements necessary before further expansion and widespread implementation occurs to confirm these results.
Working class educational transitions to university: The limits of success
Authors: Reay Diane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEducational transitions experienced within a context of wide and growing inequalities such as England result in very different transition experiences to those experienced by young people growing up in relatively equitable societies with strong communal links. Transitions of working class young people in England are beset with competition, individualism and low expectations. Employing Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, capital and field, the article argues that working class transitions to university reveal the failure of the English educational system to provide anything like a level playing field to support working class young people who are seen to be educational successes. Focusing on those working class young people who are particularly successful by gaining access to elite universities the paper argues that even this small select group face discrimination, set‐backs, and a degree of social exclusion. The paper concludes that the vast majority of working class young people, including many of those who are the most academically successful have very different transitions to higher education, and experiences within it, from their middle and upper class peers.
The Ecumenical Movement and 1968
Authors: Schilling Annegreth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe year 1968 is remembered as a turning point in ecumenical history: the 4th Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Uppsala appeared to mark the end of the era of early ecumenism and the beginning of a new era. This article questions this understanding of “Uppsala” and examines the reasons for such a mythologization of the assembly through analyzing its themes and conflicts in a twofold way. First, the analysis shows the connection between the students' revolts of 1968 and the assembly. Second, the article draws on the assembly's main theme, “Behold, I make all things new,” and the key aspects of ecumenical renewal discussed at the assembly: the new relationship between the WCC and the Roman Catholic Church, the WCC's commitment to development issues, liberation from racism, and the churches' role in political conflicts. While these themes became a symbol for identifying the assembly with a groundbreaking ecumenical change, the article argues that this change had already begun in the early 1960s, and that the assembly at Uppsala was more the medial and visible expression of this continuing ecumenical turbulence than its source.
Uppsala 1968 – The Swedish Context
Authors: Jonson Jonas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe 4th Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Uppsala, Sweden, in 1968 was an event of global significance, drawing participants from around the world under the theme “Behold, I make all things new.” At the same time, it was an event taking place in Sweden – a country that by the 1960s had become a model of “responsible society,” with strong economic growth, an all‐encompassing welfare state, and an ambitious policy for international development that was channelling material aid to Southern Africa. For the Church of Sweden, the assembly marked a continuity with the 1925 World Conference on Life and Work convened in Stockholm by Swedish Archbishop Nathan Söderblom. In turn, the Swedish churches themselves were influenced by the Uppsala assembly, especially in the renewal of liturgy and worship. This article explores the Swedish dimension of the Uppsala assembly through examining the legacy of the Stockholm conference of 1925, the societal and political context in Sweden of the 1960s, the participation of youth, and the impact of the assembly on Swedish church life.
Revisiting the Message to the People of South Africa: 1968–2018
Authors: de Gruchy John W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe year 2018 marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of the Message to the People of South Africa in 1968, the same year in which the 4th Assembly of the World Council of Churches was held in Uppsala. The Message was the first major South African ecumenical statement that rejected apartheid as unbiblical and unchristian, a “false gospel.” At the time it was likened to the Barmen Declaration of the Confessing Church in Germany (1934). It also set in motion a process of ecumenical opposition to apartheid that prepared the way for declaring its theological justification a heresy and its practice a sin that had to be rejected and resisted. This article sets out the background to the Message, describes the process which led to its publication, outlines its content, and considers its significance looking back after 50 years.
The World in Theology
Authors: Lavignotte Stéphane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on the activity of French Protestant theologian Georges Casalis as a co‐editor of the French journal Christianisme social (Social Christianity) in the turbulent period between 1965 and 1970. The journal reflected the conflicts of the times on issues such as relations with Eastern Europe, Christian–Marxist dialogue, the new impulses coming from revolutionary movements of the South, and the events of May 1968.
The impact of supreme audit institutions and ombudsmen in Belgium and The Netherlands
Authors: van Acker Wouter , Bouckaert Geert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of the audit and ombud process on the implementation of recommendations made by supreme audit institutions and ombudsmen in Belgium and the Netherlands. Based on previous findings, the focus lies on influential internal and external factors in determining the effectiveness of the audit and ombud investigations. The article concludes that the impact of the process and factors often mentioned in the literature are less significant than found in other research. Political factors, such as coalition agreements and politicians trying to save face, seem to be much more influential in explaining the implementation rate.
Tropical hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha): Biology, fishery and management
Authors: Hossain M. Shahadat , Sharifuzzaman S. M. , Rouf Muhammad Abdur , Pomeroy Robert S. , Hossain Md Delwer , Chowdhury Sayedur R. , AftabUddin Sheikh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTropical hilsa shad, which is an anadromous fish migrating from the sea to spawn in freshwater river, constitutes an important fishery in some Asian and Middle East countries, particularly in Bangladesh. But, historical information on hilsa biology and ecology has confronted the scientists and policymakers with research and management challenges. We have reviewed both the old and recent findings on hilsa fishery to document the status of knowledge and potential gaps, necessary to comprehend for formulating a more effective fishery management plan. Thus, there has been a decline in hilsa catches in the riverine system associated with shift in fish migration routes, indiscriminate harvesting of brood and juvenile fish, and degradation of habitat. Specifically, the riverine hilsa catches peaked in the 1960s, declining thereafter, and became relatively abundant in marine waters since 1990s. Biological data indicated that hilsa goes through multiple reproductive cycles; therefore, a comprehensive understanding of reproductive biology, recruitment by various cohorts, stock abundance and habitats across the life cycle are necessary to accurately impose fishery regulatory measures, such as fishing ban in spawning season in Bangladesh. Moreover, domestication initiative is important for artificial seed production and mariculture development of hilsa that can not only offer economic return to small‐scale farmers but also reduce the growing pressure on capture fishery. Importantly, the arrangement of co‐management is found ideal as fishermen, scientists and managers can work jointly to improve the regulatory processes and to sustain the hilsa fishery over time.