bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel α-mangostin derivative synergistic to antibiotics against MRSA with unique mechanisms
Authors: Ge Rile , Zhao Haiyan , Tang Qun , Chandarajoti Kasemsiri , Bai Han , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhang Keyu , Ye Wenchong , Han Xiangan , Wang Chunmei , Zhou Wen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) remains a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, often linked to complicated treatments, increased mortality risk, and significant cost burdens. Several antibacterial agents have been developed to address MRSA resistance. In this study, potential agents to combat MRSA resistance were explored, with the antibacterial activity of synthesized α-mangostin (α-MG) derivatives being evaluated alongside investigations into their cellular mechanisms against MRSA2. α-MG-4, featuring an allyl group at C3 of the lead compound α-MG, restored the sensitivity of MRSA2 to penicillin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin, while also demonstrating improved safety profiles. Although α-MG-4 alone was ineffective against MRSA2, it exhibited an optimal synergistic ratio
in vitro
when combined with these antibiotics. This significant synergistic antibacterial effect was further confirmed
in vivo
using a mouse skin abscess model. Additionally, the synergistic mechanisms revealed that α-MG-4 was associated with changes in membrane permeability and inhibition of the
MepA
and
NorA
genes, which encode the efflux pumps of MRSA2. α-MG-4 also inhibited PBP2a expression, potentially by occupying a crucial binding site in a dose-dependent manner.

IMPORTANCE

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)’s resistance to multiple antibiotics poses significant health and safety concerns. A novel α-mangostin (α-MG) derivative, α-MG-4, was first identified as a xanthone-based PBP2a inhibitor that reverses MRSA2 resistance to penicillin. The synergistic antibacterial effects of α-MG-4 were linked to increased cell membrane permeability and the inhibition of genes involved in efflux pump function.
Mediating role of resilience on burnout to well-being for hospital nursing staff in Northeast China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xiujie , Tian Wei , Tang Xu , Jia Lihong , Meng Xin , Shi Tieying , Zhao Jin 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThe well-being of nursing staff is closely related to nursing performance and patient safety. It has attracted much attention from nursing managers and researchers. However, the most important influencing factors and their relationships are not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the well-being of nurses and find out the mediating role of resilience of from burnout to well-being of hospital nursing staff.DesignA descriptive, multicentre cross-sectional study design.Settings111 hospitals in Northeast China were randomly selected by the random cluster sampling method.ParticipantsAn online survey was administered to 11 827 nurses in December 2021, who engaged in clinical, nursing or management work and volunteered to participate.Outcomes measuresThe sociodemographic characteristics, general well-being schedule, Maslach burnout inventory and Connor–Davidson resilience scale were used to assess all participants.ResultsThere are 15 variables entered into the regression equation, which can jointly predict 57.80% of the variance. There were a number of well-being-related factors identified. The individual factors include age, educational level, exercise, smoke, drinking, general health status, chronic disease, burnout and resilience. The organisational factors include psychological group, participating in psychological group activities, leadership training or communication training, working years, monthly income and night shifts. The results showed that the structural equation model of partial mediating effect of resilience was established. And the partial mediating effect accounted for 16.91% (−0.083/0.488) of the total effect.ConclusionsThere were a number of well-being-related factors identified, including individual and organisational factors, which provide directions for targeted support and interventions of nurses. It could improve the resilience of hospital nursing staff, reduce burnout and enhance well-being.
Association of advance care planning with hospital use and costs at the end of life: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Scott Ian , Reymond Liz , Sansome Xanthe , Carter Hannah 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between the availability and timing of digitally available advance care planning (ACP) documents and hospital use and costs during the last 6 months of life.DesignRetrospective population-based cohort study using data linkage.Setting11 public hospitals in Queensland, Australia.Participants5586 decedents with ACP documents were directly matched 1:2 to 11 172 control decedents based on age category, sex, location, year of death and principal diagnosis code for the last-known hospital admission.ExposureACP discussions with documents uploaded to a widely accessible statewide digital platform. Directly matched subgroup analyses investigated differences between decedents with ACP documents available at three different times prior to death: ≥6 months, between 1 and 6 months, and <1 month.Main outcomes and measuresEmergency department (ED) presentations, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and in-hospital deaths, expressed as adjusted OR (aOR). Secondary outcomes were hospital bed-days and costs.ResultsACP decedents with documents uploaded ≥6 months prior to death, compared with controls, had fewer ED presentations (aOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.00), hospitalisations (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.92), ICU admissions (aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.48), and in-hospital deaths (aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.63), and lower adjusted mean hospital costs per person over the last 6 months of life ($A2290 less (95% CI −$4116 to −$463)). Conversely, decedents with ACP documents uploaded less than 6 months prior to death showed higher rates of ED presentations and hospital admissions and greater hospital costs relative to controls.ConclusionThe association between digitally available ACP documents and health service use and cost differed based on the timing of ACP upload, with documents available ≥6 months prior to death being associated with less hospital use and costs.
Assessment of muscle strength in elderly as a screening method for sarcopenia in primary care: a scoping review
Authors: Du Rietz Matilda , Beischer Susanne 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo identify and map the available evidence for whether a test of handgrip strength (HGS) and/or the chair stand test (CST) have been used as screening tools for the detection of sarcopenia in elderly individuals within primary care settings.DesignThis study was designed as a scoping review, in accordance with the methodological framework for scoping reviews, developed by Arksey and O’Malley, and using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews.Data sourcesA literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles listed in PubMed and Scopus databases up to 16 October 2023.Eligibility criteriaStudies including individuals aged ≥60 years who had undergone assessments of HGS and/or the CST in primary care settings were included.Data extraction and synthesisFollowing the article selection process, based on predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion, the selected articles were analysed regarding population demographics, the setting in which the research was conducted, the study design, used diagnostic tools and reported results.ResultsThe search yielded 282 unique articles, of which 7 were included in the final analysis. All seven included articles had a cross-sectional study design, whereof one also had a longitudinal 3-year follow-up. The number of participants ranged from 75 to 719. Three of the articles used the diagnostic criteria presented by European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), two used the criteria by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019, one used the EWGSOP2 criteria and one applied both the EWGSOP and EWGSOP2 criteria to their data. All the articles used HGS to assess muscle strength. CST was not used for this purpose in any of the articles, although it was used to estimate physical performance or as part of the short physical performance battery. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the included articles was 12.0%–20.7%, while the prevalence of possible sarcopenia was 69.9%–73.3% and that of probable sarcopenia was 25.5%–94%.ConclusionNone of the included articles aimed to study a test of HGS and/or the CST as screening tools for the detection of sarcopenia. However, four of the articles diagnosed possible or probable sarcopenia by using a test of HGS and/or the CST among elderly patients in a primary care setting. There is a need for more research to elucidate whether a test of HGS and/or the CST might be used for screening of sarcopenia in primary care.
Age, sex and sexual orientation effects in the Safetxt trial: secondary data analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Berendes Sima , Palmer Melissa J , Hickson Ford Colin Ian , Bradley Ellen , McCarthy Ona L , Carpenter James R , Free Caroline 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIncreasing rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and antimicrobial resistance among young people underscore the urgent need for preventative interventions. Interventions should be evidence-based and tailored to the unique risks and needs associated with varying age, sex and sexual orientation. We used data from the Safetxt trial to explore whether young people’s age, sex and sexual orientation influence (1) their risk of STI reinfection and condom use and (2) the effect of the Safetxt intervention on STI reinfection and condom use.MethodsWe conducted exploratory secondary analyses of data from the Safetxt trial that evaluated a theory-based digital sexual health intervention tailored according to sex and sexual orientation. We recruited 6248 young people with STIs from 92 UK sexual health clinics and assessed outcomes after 1 year, including the cumulative incidence of STI reinfection and condom use at last sex. We used adjusted logistic regression and margins plots to visualise effect modification.ResultsThere were differences in STI reinfection and condom use by age, sex and sexuality. Age was associated with STI reinfection (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.94) with evidence for interaction between age and sexuality (p<0.001). Our findings suggest that the risk of STI reinfection decreases with age among young heterosexuals but increases among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). Overall, MSM had the highest likelihood of reinfection (OR 3.53, 95% CI 2.66 to 4.68) despite being more likely to use condoms (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.91).Among MSM, age modified the intervention effect on condom use at 1 year with highest benefits among participants aged 16–18, moderate to minor benefits among those aged 18–21 and no effect among participants aged 22–24 years.ConclusionsFuture digital health interventions tailored for diverse sexuality groups need to target young people early enough to have an impact on sexual behaviour. Specific novel interventions are needed for older MSM.Trial registration numberISRCTN64390461.
Modeling and understanding the impact of COVID-19 containment policies on mobile service consumption in French cities
Authors: Zanella André Felipe , Rubrichi Stefania , Smoreda Zbigniew , Fiore Marco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmid recent studies that have been exploring the wide impact that COVID-19 containment policies have had across sectors and industries, we investigate how mobility restrictions enacted in French cities during the later stages of the pandemic have affected the usage of smartphones and mobile applications. Leveraging a large-scale dataset of over 14 billion records, we unveil and quantify the substantial incidence of the different measures enforced in urban France to combat the COVID-19 epidemic on mobile service consumption. We present a simple but effective spatial linear model that can relate changes occurring at fine-grained spatial zoning in both global and per-service traffic to a limited set of socioeconomic indicators. Our model unveils some of the mechanisms that drove the significant evolution of mobile data traffic demands during the pandemic. It allows observing how the demand for mobile services has been affected by COVID-19 in very different ways across urban areas characterized by diverse population density, income levels and leisure area presence. It also discloses that usages of individual smartphone applications have been impacted in highly heterogeneous ways by the pandemic, even more so when considering the composite impacts of different transitions between periods characterized by diverse restrictions. Our results can aid governments in understanding how their measures were received across the space and different portions of population, and network operators to comprehend changes in usage due to extraordinary events, which can be used to optimize service provisioning.
Analysis of Alumni Information Using Machine Learning-Based Online Centralized Alumni Network Model
Authors: Jiang Liyu 
Published: November 2024

Paper-based and word-based files are the primary ways alumni data are handled. These vast amounts of data become challenging due to the many graduates each year. It is difficult to hunt for data about previous graduates to learn about their present condition. Even though many institution-wide processes exist to ensure that alumni information handbooks are always up-to-date, maintaining private relationships with alumni is costly and time-consuming for current students. This paper presents a Machine Learning-Based Online Centralized Alumni Network (ML-OCAN) model to enhance the institutional community and the community of incoming students. The proposed method uses support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to let graduates post their information while facilitating student–alumni connections and viewing filtered events provided by both the alumni and the admin. The alumni individuals and their posting messages were classified using an SVM method. There is a way for current and former students to stay in touch with one another, as well as for current and future students and other school community members. The experimental results show that everyone from the university’s administration to its alumni and the general public may benefit.
Parallel Communication Obliviousness: One Round and Beyond
Authors: Tao Yufei , Wang Ru , Deng Shiyuan 
Published: November 2024

This paper studies communication-oblivious algorithms under the massively parallel computation (MPC) model. The communication patterns of these algorithms follow a distribution dependent only on the definition of the underlying problem, the problem size N, and the number p of machines, but not on the specific input elements. Our objective is to understand when obliviousness necessitates --- or does not necessitate --- heavier communication compared to the traditional MPC model that does not enforce such a requirement.
The first part of our investigation focuses on single-round algorithms. We prove that skew-free hashing, a fundamental problem solvable with load Õ(N/p) (with high probability or w.h.p.\ for short) under the traditional model, demands a load of nearly Ω(N) under communication obliviousness. Intriguingly, we show that hashing can still be applied in an oblivious manner to process any natural join in one round with a load complexity matching that of the best traditional MPC algorithm. The second part of our investigation studies compilation methods that convert a traditional MPC algorithm A into a communication-oblivious counterpart. Given an A that operates within l = poly(p) rounds and entails a load at most L = Ω(p log p) w.h.p., we can produce w.h.p.\ a communication-oblivious version running in 2l rounds with a load at most (1 + δ) L, where δ < 0 can be an arbitrarily small constant. Additionally, we establish hardness results indicating that the theoretical guarantees of our compilation can no longer be significantly improved.
Revisiting Weighted Information Extraction: A Simpler and Faster Algorithm for Ranked Enumeration
Authors: Gawrychowski Paweł , Manea Florin , Schmid Markus L. 
Published: November 2024

Information extraction from textual data, where the query is represented by a finite transducer and the task is to enumerate all results without repetition, and its extension to the weighted case, where each output element has a weight and the output elements are to be enumerated sorted by their weights, are important and well studied problems in database theory. On the one hand, the first framework already covers the well-known case of regular document spanners, while the latter setting covers several practically relevant tasks that cannot be described in the unweighted setting.
It is known that in the unweighted case this problem can be solved with linear time preprocessing O(|D|) and output-linear delay O(|s|) in data complexity, where D is the input data and s is the current output element. For the weighted case, Bourhis, Grez, Jachiet, and Riveros [ICDT 2021] recently designed an algorithm with linear time preprocessing, but the delay of O(|s| · log|D|) depends on the size of the data.

We first show how to leverage the existing results on enumerating shortest paths to obtain a simple alternative algorithm with linear preprocessing and a delay of O(|s
i
| + min\ log i, log|D| ) for the i
th
output element s
i
(in data complexity); thus, substantially improving the previous algorithm. Next, we develop a technically involved rounding technique that allows us to devise an algorithm with linear time preprocessing and output-linear delay O(|s|) with high probability. To this end, we combine tools from algebra, high-dimensional geometry, and linear programming.
Fast Analysis of Humic Acid in Mud and Water Samples
Authors: Stefan-van Staden Raluca Ioana , Sandu Dorneanu Andreea Elena , Negut Catalina Cioates , Stanciu Gabriela 
Published: November 2024

A broad spectrum of pharmacological activity of mud is related to humic acid, creating a need for fast reliable methods for its assay in mud and water samples. This paper proposes an electroanalytical method for the determination of humic acid content using a stochastic sensor, a method that does not involve the extraction of active ingredients prior to the determination. The method has proven to be a very good choice for the analysis as no sample processing is needed, the sample matrix does not influence the analysis results, and reliable quantitative and qualitative analyses can be performed. High sensitivity (1.61 × 109 s−1g−1ml) and very low limit of determination (1 × 10−18 g ml−1) were recorded. Recoveries higher than 95.00% of humic acid, with percentages of RSD lower than 1.00 determined, when the stochastic sensor was used for the electroanalysis of humic acid in mud.
Assessing Social Capital Among Chinese Older Adults: Dimensions and Associative Factors
Authors: Li Yuekang , Morrow-Howell Nancy 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Recent research has identified social capital as an essential element of social context that influences the healthy aging experience. Since social capital is a resource that is context and culture relative, this study builds on and extends the existing literature on social capital among older adults by investigating different dimensions of social capital in later life and related individual and environmental characteristics in the Chinese context.Materials & Methods: Using the China Family Panel Study (CFPS) 2016 wave, 8097 individuals aged 60 years and older were included in the sample. Factor analysis was used to explore the dimensions that comprise the social capital of Chinese older adults. Multiple indicators, multiple cause (MIMIC) structural equation models were used to identify influential individual and environmental characteristics.Results: The findings of this study showed that as an interaction between the actor and the multiple levels of the social environment, the social capital of Chinese older adults derived from three levels of social environment—family, community, and macro society. Rural older adults had higher levels of social capital across all three levels. While demographic factors and functioning, including female, age, marital status, education, and functional limitations, had a significant relationship with family‐based social capital, having higher income and better self‐rated health were related to higher level of community‐ and society‐based social capital. Additionally, the physical community environment was a key determinant across all three levels of social capital.Discussion and Conclusion: Findings from this study demonstrate the important roles of neighborhood environment in shaping older adults’ all levels of social capital. The findings also identified the unique role of family social capital and the need for policies and practices to reduce the vulnerability associated with a limited ability to adapt to the broader environment.
Correlation Between Anxiety and Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Undergoing Microwave Ablation
Authors: Li Yan , Peng Lili , Wei Ying , Zhao Zhenlong , Yu Ming-an 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to explore the correlation between anxiety and serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who underwent microwave ablation (MWA).Methods: A total of 107 PTC patients who underwent MWA were recruited. Three months after MWA, serum samples were collected from each participant to analyze their thyroid‐related hormone levels, including free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), T3, T4, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Additionally, the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to measure anxiety levels at the same time. Linear correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between anxiety and serum thyroid hormone levels.Results: SAS scores among the 107 PTC patients ranged from 27 to 58, with an average score of 38.19 ± 6.68. Seven patients (6.54%) met the criteria for anxiety; the mean SAS score among these patients was 51.57 ± 2.88. The remaining 100 patients (93.46%) did not meet the criteria for anxiety; the mean SAS score among these patients was 37.04 ± 5.49. Among all participants, TSH levels varied from 0.30 to 5.09, with an average of 2.08 ± 0.91. Nine participants exhibited slight fluctuations in FT3, FT4, T3, T4, and TSH levels; these hormone levels consistently remained within the normal range for the other 98 patients. Linear correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between anxiety and TSH levels (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between anxiety and TSH levels in patients with PTC post‐MWA, indicating that increased anxiety is associated with increased TSH levels.