bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factores nutricionales relacionados con las complicaciones en cirugía mayor abdominopélvica
Authors: Verdú-Fernández Maria Angeles , Soria Aledo Victoriano , Campillo-Soto Alvaro , Pérez-Guarinos Carmen Victoria , Carrillo-Alcaraz Andrés , Aguayo-Albasini José Luis 
Published: June 2018

Introducción La cirugía mayor abdomino-pélvica es un proceso que conlleva un alto porcentaje de complicaciones postquirúrgicas.Nuestro objetivo es identificar los factores relacionados con las complicaciones postquirúrgicas, catalogadas según la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo, con atención especial en los factores nutricionales en los pacientes que se intervienen de cirugía mayor abdomino-pélvica. Material y MétodoEstudio observacional retrospectivo, entre julio de 2012 a diciembre de 2013. Se seleccionaron a 255 pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor abdomino-pélvica (cirugía colorrectal, gástrica, obesidad o cistectomías) de forma programada. Se recogieron cuatro tipos de variables: sociodemográficas, de situación basal, de diagnóstico y de resultado, incluyendo las complicaciones perioperatorias que fueron clasificadas según la escala de Clavien-Dindo. El análisis estadístico se ha realizado mediante IBM SPSS versión 22.0. ResultadosLos pacientes tuvieron una edad media de 65 años. Reingresaron 20 pacientes (7,8%) en los primeros 30 días tras la cirugía y 8 pacientes murieron. El 40,4% obtuvieron un Clavien-Dindo mayor de I. Entre los pacientes con un Clavien-Dindo mayor de I y el resto, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los siguientes factores modificables: IMC prequirúrgico, albumina prequirúrgica, hemoglobina prequirúrgica y día de inicio de tolerancia postoperatoria. ConclusiónEn nuestro estudio hemos identificado factores modificables, como la hemoglobina y albumina preoperatoria, el IMC y el inicio temprano de tolerancia oral, relacionadas con la morbilidad postoperatoria. Así concluimos que el estado nutricional preoperatorio tiene relación con las complicaciones postquirúrgicas en cirugía mayor abdomino-pélvica.
Marijuana Regulatory Frameworks in Four US States: An Analysis Against a Public Health Standard
Authors: Barry Rachel A. , Glantz Stanton A. 
Published: June 2018

The movement to legalize and regulate retail marijuana is growing. We examined legislation and regulations in the first 4 states to legalize recreational marijuana (Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and Alaska) to analyze whether public health best practices from tobacco and alcohol control to reduce population-level demand were being followed. Only between 34% and 51% of policies followed best practices. Marijuana regulations generally followed US alcohol policy regarding conflict of interest, taxation, education (youth-based and problematic users), warning labels, and research that does not seek to minimize consumption and the associated health effects. Application of US alcohol policies to marijuana has been challenged by some policy actors, notably those advocating public health policies modeled on tobacco control. Reversing past decisions to regulate marijuana modeled on alcohol policies will likely become increasingly difficult once these processes are set in motion and a dominant policy framework and trajectory becomes established. Designing future marijuana legislation to prioritize public health over business would make it easier to implement legalization of recreational marijuana in a way that protects health.
A Rigorous Solution to the Problem of Phase Behavior in Unconventional Formations With High Capillary Pressure
Authors: Neshat Sajjad S. , Okuno Ryosuke , Pope Gary A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPhase behavior of hydrocarbon mixtures is affected by the petrophysical properties of the formation. This paper integrates several important thermodynamic and petrophysical aspects of the problem in a rigorous way and introduces a solution that can be applied over the range of pore sizes in tight and shale formations in which hydrocarbons can be practically recovered. A new criterion for phase-stability analysis is introduced that results in discovery of a new range of solutions for the capillary equilibrium problem. A novel three-phase capillary pressure model has been used to estimate the effect of connate water on the gas/oil capillary pressure. The model is then used in conjunction with the new stability method to solve several phase-behavior problems for binary and multicomponent reservoir fluids. We show that the new approach can significantly improve the estimation of phase behavior at high capillary pressure.
The role of student-teacher relationship in the link between social competence and involvement in bullying in the 1st grade
Authors: Legkauskas Visvaldas , Magelinskaitė-Legkauskienė Šarūnė , Kepalaitė Albina 
Published: June 2018

The present study was aimed at investigating whether student-teacher relationship plays a role in the link between social competence and involvement in bullying in the 1st grade. Subjects were 408 Lithuanian 1st graders, 225 girls and 183 boys. Analysis of results using structural equation modeling releaved that bullying behavior was directly predicted by learning-related social competence, while interpersonal social competence was linked to bullying behavior via student-teacher closeness. Bullying victimization was linked to learning-related social competence via student-teacher relationship conflict.
This work was supported by the Research Council of Lithuania under Grant No. MIP-003/2015
Assessment of the influence of speech-language intervention on perceptual-sensory integration in persons with autism spectrum disorder in the context of assessing the pragmatic level of language
Authors: Vitásková Kateřina , Kytnarová Lucie , Tabachová Jana Mironova 
Published: June 2018

<p> </p><p>Autism spectrum disorder is ranked among the most serious developmental disorders, because it affects multiple areas such as communication, social interactions, establishing and maintaining contacts with the environment, reactions to visual and auditory stimuli and many others. The therapy of these individuals requires multidisciplinary cooperation; therefore, it is currently addressed by many experts. The objective of the paper is to present the possibilities of assessing the influence of speech-language intervention on perceptual-sensory integration in persons with autism spectrum disorder in the context of assessing the pragmatic level of language. This area might be a potential barrier to speech-language intervention; therefore, it should be assessed at the beginning of any intervention.</p><p>The measurement tool for the assessment of perceptual-sensory integration was a test battery of the authors’ own design called ‘Assessment of the pragmatic level of language in persons with autism spectrum disorders: potential barriers to speech-language intervention’. The use of the screening material in the context of speech-language intervention is demonstrated on a case study of a boy with suspected autism spectrum disorder diagnosis – children’s autism with a disorder of sensory perception on the body, especially in the orofacial region. The principal methods were observation, analysis of targeted work with the client and interviews with the parents. According to the case report, the speech-language therapy lasted for nine months and focused on the development of the monitored area. The results can be compared on a global scale, including improvement or stagnation in various areas. The targeted therapy resulted in improvement in all monitored areas by at least 1 point (e.g. olfactory and gustatory perception) and by a maximum of 4 points (vestibular system). After initial examination the boy’s disorder was assessed as moderate to severe disorder (effect to negative effect on the process of learning social interaction). However, based on the results of follow-up examination the boy was in the category of moderate disorder (effect on the process of learning and social interaction).</p>
Colombia: ¿Una democracia censitaria?
Authors: Matta Herrera Alejandro 
Published: June 2018

Siguiendo la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, el presente artículo se propone analizar si las reglas del sistema electoral colombiano se adecúan a los estándares de derechos humanos para el ejercicio de los derechos políticos previstos en el artículo 23 de la Convención Americana. Para ello, expondrá los requisitos colombianos para el ejercicio de los derechos políticos, específicamente, de los grupos significativos de personas no afiliadas a ningún partido o movimiento político; luego, describirá los estándares de derechos humanos previstos en la jurisprudencia; y finalmente argumentará que con base en dichos estándares, la normativa colombiana no se ajusta a ellos pues la exigencia de una garantía de seriedad por medio de una póliza de seguros genera una práctica restrictiva. En un primer momento, la metodología que se usará será descriptiva: en este camino se realizará una enunciación de las normas nacionales e internacionales vigentes en torno a los derechos políticos. Luego, en la medida en que la jurisprudencia es la que fija el norte interpretativo de las normas que se describirán, se hará un análisis de casos con el propósito de saber, en la actualidad, cómo se deben proteger los derechos políticos por parte de los estados parte del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos. Finalmente se hará el proceso argumentativo que concluirá afirmando que las normas colombianas no se ajustan a los estándares de derechos humanos de la Corte Interamericana de derechos humanos.
Estudios Organizacionales y su posicionamiento en América Latina: acercamiento teórico-metodológico y desafíos latinoamericanos
Authors: Naranjo Otálvaro Mario Javier 
Published: June 2018

El artículo inicia con un acercamiento a los Estudios Organizacionales (EO), en el que se pretende rescatar sus orígenes y aspectos teórico-metodológicos que generalmente guían este tipo de estudios y contribuyen a comprender la complejidad de los mismos; logrando establecer una relación entre los EO con la categoría ¨discurso¨, la cual se encuentra presente de manera latente en algunos autores latinoamericanos para referirse y desarrollar análisis desde una perspectiva crítica sobre las organizaciones. El mismo presenta una reflexión a algunas de las producciones latinoamericanas sobre los EO y procura identificar el papel de la región en la dinámica mundial, la que a través de algunos planteamientos de la sociología latinoamericana, trata de desentrañar los elementos que articulan su discurso sobre el tema, con los de producción de conocimiento a nivel mundial. La metodología empleada fue de tipo reflexivo aplicando el método de revisión bibliográfica; una de estas reflexiones permite profundizar en la cantidad de producciones intelectuales sobre los EO y en la posición asumida por estudiosos latinoamericanos que actualmente se interesan por el tema, y las bases teóricas y metodológicas sobre las que sustentan sus análisis; los cuales, parecen no basarse en los mismos marcos de referencia con los que son analizados los fenómenos organizacionales en otras latitudes, sino que consideraban características políticas, económicas, y significados propios de las relaciones sociales latinoamericanas. Se rescatan algunos desafíos que deben ser considerados en el posicionamiento y desarrollo de esta nueva cultura académica e investigativa sobre EO que recién inicia en América Latina.
La prevención general y especial en el sistema penal y penitenciario colombiano
Authors: Gómez Horta Rafael 
Published: June 2018

El derecho que el Estado tiene de perseguir y reprimir las conductas que lesionen o pongan en peligro bienes jurídicamente tutelados, no lo sustrae de las obligaciones que éste tiene para la totalidad del conglomerado social, incluyendo la población carcelaria. Los ciudadanos que se encuentran inmersos en el sistema penitenciario, deben ser objeto de especial protección de las instituciones gubernamentales, en procura de su resocialización, ofreciéndoles oportunidades concretas y eficaces que permitan la integración del ex reo al aparato social y productivo de la Nación, sin segregar a la población carcelaria del goce y ejercicio de sus derechos resocializatorios, que desde los desde los imprescindibles aportes doctrinales, hasta la realidad histórica hoy conocida y regida por la actual política criminal, determinan la imperiosa necesidad de no solo ofrecer posibilidades serias de reintegración a la vida en comunidad, sino que más importante aún, deben garantizar que no solo unos pocos miembros de ciertos sectores sociales o políticos sean los únicos benefactores de la aplicación de la prevención general y prevención especial. Este documento ofrece desde un método descriptivo los fines y funciones de la pena dentro de nuestro ordenamiento constitucional y legal, soportado en décadas de estudio por parte de doctrinantes y prestigiosos juristas.
Las Vedas como Regulación del Aprovechamiento Sostenible de los Recursos Hidrobiológicos de las Aguas Dulces, Estuarinas y Marinas en Colombia
Authors: Alvarez León Ricardo 
Published: June 2018

Se analizan las vedas vigentes para regular el aprovechamiento y conservación de los recursos pesqueros dulceacuícolas, marinos y estuarinos de Colombia. En los recursos continentales se incluyen peces de las cuencas hidrográficas de los ríos Magdalena, Cauca, San Jorge, Sinú, Orinoco y Amazonas, y algunos embalses y parques nacionales naturales. Los recursos estuarinos y marinos incluyen los litorales del Mar Caribe y del Océano Pacífico, con normas para corales, moluscos, cangrejos, peces, tortugas y delfines.This article analyses the current closed seasons aiming at regulating the use and conservation of the fresh, marine and estuarine fishing resources of the hydrographic basins of Colombia. The continental resources include the hydrographic basins of the rivers Magdalena, Cauca, San Jorge, Sinú. Orinoco and Amazonas; some reservoirs and some National Parks. Estuarine and marine resources include the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean with standards for corals, mollusks, crabs, fish, turtles and dolphins.
In search of operational snow model structures for the future – comparing four snow models for 17 catchments in Norway
Authors: Skaugen Thomas , Luijting Hanneke , Saloranta Tuomo , Vikhamar-Schuler Dagrun , Müller Karsten 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In order to use the best suited snow models to investigate snow conditions at ungauged sites and for a changed climate, we have tested four snow models for 17 catchments in Norway. The Crocus and seNorge models are gridded whereas the Distance Distribution Dynamics (DDD) model with its two versions, DDD_CX and DDD_EB, is catchment based. Crocus and DDD_EB use energy balance for estimating snowmelt and SeNorge and DDD_CX use temperature-index methods. SeNorge has calibrated the temperature-index against observed snowmelt, whereas DDD_CX has calibrated the temperature-index against runoff. The models use gridded temperature and precipitation at 1 h resolution for the period 2013–2016. Crocus needs additional forcing from a numerical weather prediction model, whereas DDD_EB calculates the energy-balance elements by using proxy models forced by temperature and precipitation. The threshold temperature for solid and liquid precipitation is common for all the models and equal to 0.5 °C. No corrections of precipitation or temperature are allowed. The snow simulations are validated against observed snow water equivalent (SWE) and against satellite derived snow covered area (SCA). SeNorge and DDD_EB perform best with respect to both SWE and SCA suggesting model structures suited for describing snow conditions at ungauged sites and for a changed climate.
Investigating disinfectant by-products in Harare potable water supply, Zimbabwe
Authors: Nhongo Kuitakwashe , Hoko Zvikomborero , Kugara Jameson 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Formation of disinfectant by-products was investigated in the Harare water supply system from February to April 2015. Sampling sites were selected from the lake, Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works and critical points in the distribution system. The spatial variations of trihalomethanes and selected water quality parameters were investigated for 15 sampling points in 5 sampling campaigns to assess suitability for drinking. All trihalomethane species were measured, namely chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform. Only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were detected. The study confirmed that there is trihalomethanes formation in the Harare water distribution system and that it is affected by the residence time and presence of organic matter in the system. However, the levels of trihalomethanes are generally within the levels suggested by the World Health Organization. Only bromodichloromethane presents a risk for long-term exposure as it had levels that exceeded the limit for long-term exposure suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Bromodichloromethane, turbidity and free residual chlorine levels were not suitable for drinking in some of the zones. Boosting of chlorine residuals is necessary especially in areas with free chlorine less than 0.2 mg/L. Injection of ammonia, periodic cleaning of storage reservoirs, and flushing of lines will reduce trihalomethanes formation.
Non-Resonant Frequencies of Electromagnetic Fields in α-Helices Cellular Membrane Channels
Authors: Calabrò Emanuele , Magazù Salvatore 
Published: June 2018

Background:This paper would be a starting point addressed to a methodology to minimize the effects on livings of man made Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) pollution.Methods:Given that previous literature highlighted that the most relevant EMFs effects on biological systems can be due to resonance phenomena between electromagnetic field and organic matter, it was proposed here an algorithm to obtain values of frequencies of an applied electromagnetic field far from resonant frequencies, depending on the natural frequencies and viscous damper of a biological system. These frequencies have been named non-resonant frequencies.Results:The displacement of the α-helices in cellular membrane channels due to EMFs has been proposed as a relevant parameter for quantifying the result of the interaction between an applied EMF and organic matter, in order to find both the natural frequencies of a biological system and the resonant frequencies at which α-helices displacement should be maximum.Conclusion:The non-resonant frequencies can be obtained using the algorithm proposed here.
Cytotoxic, DNA Cleavage and Pharmacokinetic Parameter Study of Substituted Novel Furan C-2 Quinoline Coupled 1, 2, 4-Triazole and Its Analogs
Authors: Anantacharya Rajpurohit , Satyanarayan Nayak D. , Sukhlal Kalal Bhuvanesh , Pai Vinitha Ramanath 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Furan, quinoline and triazoles are known for their wide spectrum biologically active molecules. A series of novel furan C-2 quinoline and 1, 2, 4-triazole (FQT) coupled hybrids were designed and synthesized to evaluate for their DNA cleavage and cytotoxic studies.

Objectives:
In this work we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of furan C-2 quinoline coupled triazoles exposed for cytotoxic and DNA cleavage study.

Methods:
The electrophoretic DNA cleavage studies on λ-DNA (Eco-RI/Hinda-III double digest) using agarose gelelectrophoresis and the cytotoxic activity were carried out by MTT assay method.

Results:
The results revealed that, the molecules 7(a-o) did cleave the DNA completely with no trace of fragments at 100 µg concentration, on the other hand, cytotoxic assay was achieved by two different human cancer cell lines (melanoma cell line-A375 and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231). Among the synthesized compounds 7a, 7b, 7c and 7k exhibited potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 2.9, 4.0, 7.8 and 5.1 µg/ml against A375 and 6.2, 9.5, 11.3 and 7.3 µg/ml against, MDA-MB 231, respectively.

Conclusion:
In synthesized compounds 7(a-o) exhibited complete DNA cleavage at 100 µg/ml and the compounds 7a, 7b, 7c and 7k showed very less cytotoxic in nature. The structure activity relationship revealed that, the presence of halogen group/atoms at para position of phenyl ring remarkably enhanced the DNA cleavage and cytotoxic activities among the synthesized compounds.
Comparative Analysis of the Survival Status and Treatment Outcome of Under-five Children Admitted with Severe Acute Malnutrition Among Hospital-based and Health Center Based Stabilization Centers, South Ethiopia
Authors: Girum Tadele , Muktar Ebrahim , Worku Abdulsemed 
Published: June 2018

Background:Severe acute malnutrition has been managed at Hospital stabilization centers until the management at health center based stabilization centers was started recently. However, the treatment outcome was not assessed in relation to the existing hospital-based management. Therefore, this study comparatively assessed the treatment outcome and survival status of severe acute malnutrition among Health center-based and hospital-based stabilization centers. The finding will be used by healthcare providers, planners and policymakers at large.Methods:Randomly selected 400 records of under-five children admitted to five stabilization centers (2 hospitals and 3 health center) in Gedeo Zone was included. Data was entered by Epi Info version 7 and analyzed by STATA version 11. Survival difference was checked by life table and Kaplan-Mier with Log-Rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was built by forward stepwise procedure; compared to likely hood ratio test and Harrell’s concordance and fitness checked by the cox-snell residual plot.Result:The study showed that the cumulative probability of Survival is significantly different at Hospital stabilization center and health center stabilization centers (p.value <0.001) with shorter survival at hospitals. During the follow-up period, 28(13.86%) children from hospital and 5(2.5%) children from health center died, while 155(76.73%) children from the hospital and 145(73.23%) children from health center got cured. Eighteen (4.5%)children were defaulted. Death is significantly higher at the hospital, while default rate and cure rate are not significantly different. Altered pulse rate [AHR=2.44, 95% CI =1.47-4, p<0.001], NG tube insertion [AHR=1.8, 95% CI =1.04-3.1, p=0.038], Anemia [AHR=1.53, 95% CI =1.02-2.3, p<0.041] and Hypoglycemia [AHR=2.78, 95% CI =1.8-4.3, p<0.001] were found to be independent predictors of death.Conclusion:The survival of children in hospital is shorter and mortality is higher. An overall treatment outcome was in acceptable ranges. Intervention to further reduce deaths at hospitals has to focus on children with comorbidities and altered general conditions and early detection.