bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of sunbed use in thirty European countries: data from the Euromelanoma skin cancer prevention campaign
Authors: Suppa M. , Gandini S. , Njimi H. , Bulliard J.L. , Correia O. , Duarte A.F. , Peris K. , Stratigos A.J. , Nagore E. , Longo M.I. , Bylaite‐Bucinskiene M. , Karls R. , Helppikangas H. ,   Euromelanoma Working Group,, del Marmol V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough considered as a first‐group carcinogen, indoor tanning is a common practice in Europe. Euromelanoma is a pan‐European skin cancer prevention campaign.ObjectivesTo compare several European countries in terms of the prevalence and determinants of sunbed use.MethodsParticipants in the Euromelanoma campaigns filled in questionnaires containing demographics and risk factors, including type/duration of sunbed use. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, education, skin type and year of survey were employed to assess factors independently associated with sunbed use in each country.ResultsIn total, 227 888 individuals (67.4% females, median age 44, 63.4% highly educated, 71.9% skin types III–VI) from 30 countries participated. Overall, the prevalence of sunbed ever use was 10.6% (≤19‐year‐olds: 5.9%; 20 to 35‐year‐olds: 17.0%; >35‐year‐olds: 8.3%). Females displayed a higher prevalence than males in all countries. Balkan countries displayed the highest female/male ratios (≥4). Sunbed use was significantly more prevalent among skin type III–VI (14/30 countries) and highly educated participants (11/30 countries). Significant correlations were found between sunbed use prevalence and countries’ latitude (P < 0.001) and sunshine (P = 0.002); Italy and Spain represented exceptions towards excessive exposure. Very different prevalence rates were found for Spain (19.3%) and Portugal (2.0%). Scandinavian countries ranked highest in sunbed use among ≤19‐year‐olds, Baltic countries among 20 to 35‐year‐olds.ConclusionsSunbed use prevalence was higher in northern, sun‐deprived countries, with the exception of Italy and Spain. The main determinants of sunbed use were age (young adults) and gender (females), whereas education and skin type had a less relevant effect. Geographic particularities were found in four regions: Iberian (prevalence ten times higher in Spain than Portugal), Balkan (prevalence disproportionately higher among women), Baltic (highest prevalence among young adults) and Scandinavian (highest prevalence among adolescents). These data have public health relevance for future interventions aimed at reducing sunbed use in Europe.
Modelling first‐year cost‐of‐illness of melanoma attributable to sunbed use in Europe
Authors: Krensel M. , Schäfer I. , Augustin M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma is a life‐threatening disease of the skin with an increasing incidence of approximately 87 000 new cases treated per year in the European Union and the European Free Trade Association states resulting in considerable costs for the society. Since the use of sunbeds is known to be a risk factor, which can be easily avoided, costs of malignant melanoma attributable to sunbed use are modelled in the present study.MethodsCosts‐of‐illness of melanoma were calculated and compared for all member states of the European Union and the European Free Trade Association states using an established modelling approach. Calculations were based on a systematic literature research. For countries with no available information on cost‐of‐illness the gross domestic product, health expenditures and gross national income served as a basis for extrapolation of costs. International comparison was enabled by adjusting costs by the national purchasing power parity.ResultsAfter adjusting melanoma treatment costs for the purchasing power parity, direct costs per patient vary between € 1056 in Romania and € 10 215 in Luxembourg. Costs due to morbidity range from € 102 per patient in Sweden and € 5178 in the UK resulting in total costs of € 1751–€ 12 611 per patient. Average weighted total costs per patient amount for € 6861–€ 6967 annually. In total, in 2012 approximately 4450 new cases of melanoma have been induced by sunbed use in the 31 included countries, which corresponds to 5.1% of all incident melanoma cases. National attributable melanoma costs range from € 1570 in Malta to € 11.1 million in Germany and sum up to an amount of € 32.5–€ 33.4 million for all countries.ConclusionThis article provides a first estimation on costs of melanoma in Europe. It illustrates the contribution of exposure to artificial ultraviolet light in the economic burden of malignant melanoma.
Males from populations with higher competitive mating success produce sons with lower fitness
Authors: Nguyen Trinh T. X. , Moehring Amanda J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFemale mate choice can result in direct benefits to the female or indirect benefits through her offspring. Females can increase their fitness by mating with males whose genes encode increased survivorship and reproductive output. Alternatively, male investment in enhanced mating success may come at the cost of reduced investment in offspring fitness. Here, we measure male mating success in a mating arena that allows for male–male, male–female and female–female interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. We then use isofemale line population measurements to correlate male mating success with sperm competitive ability, the number of offspring produced and the indirect benefits of the number of offspring produced by daughters and sons. We find that males from populations that gain more copulations do not increase female fitness through increased offspring production, nor do these males fare better in sperm competition. Instead, we find that these populations have a reduced reproductive output of sons, indicating a potential reproductive trade‐off between male mating success and offspring quality.
Dementia in the Bangladeshi diaspora in England: A qualitative study of the myths and stigmas about dementia
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Zakir , Khan Hafiz T.A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesAlthough Bangladeshis are three times more likely to be carers than White British, Bangladeshi family carers are the most deprived, neglected, and effectively a hidden group in the United Kingdom.1 There is a paucity of research within the Bangladeshi community that is capable of explaining and predicting the experiences and concerns of Bangladeshi family carers providing care for their relatives with dementia. The purpose of this study is to explore the perspectives of Bangladeshi family carers' knowledge and day‐to‐day experiences living in England.MethodsThis is a qualitative study involving semistructured face‐to‐face interviews with six Bangladeshi family carers living in London and Portsmouth. Interviews were recorded with the consent and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed by using NVivo software, and thematic analysis was performed.ResultsThis paper explores that most carers have a lack of knowledge and awareness of the symptoms of dementia. The results of this study are in contrast to previous studies, where South Asian carers perceived dementia as being possessed by evil spirits or God's punishment for previous life's sins; this study reveals that Bangladeshi family carers believed dementia was a medical condition. Unlike earlier South Asian studies, however, all family carers in this study also believed that there was no stigma attached to dementia.ConclusionsFurther research is warranted to investigate the religious beliefs, familism, and interpersonal motives as theoretical perspectives to explain how Bangladeshi family carers negotiate and construct their caregiving roles for their relatives with dementia.
The effect of acute exercise on the performance of verbal fluency in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Chen C.‐C. (J. J.). , Ringenbach S. D. R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction is well documented in individuals with Down syndrome. However, only a few studies have focused on the effect of exercise on cognitive performance in this population. In particular, verbal fluency has been shown to be relevant to the early onset of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Down syndrome. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between acute exercise and verbal fluency in this population.MethodsIt was a pre‐post design. Twenty‐eight participants (aged 14–31) were assigned to high‐intensity exercise (i.e. 70–85% of predicted maximum heart rate) (N = 8), moderate‐intensity exercise (i.e. 50–69% of predicted maximum heart rate) (N = 10) or attentional control (N = 10) groups. Two exercise groups walked on a treadmill using an incremental walking protocol, and the attentional control group watched a video for 20 min. Measures of verbal fluency (i.e. semantic fluency and phonetic fluency) were tested pre‐intervention and post‐intervention.ResultsThe result showed a quadric trend between semantic fluency and intensity of exercise. The improvement in cognitive performance on semantic fluency test was observed in the moderate‐intensity exercise. However, neither a linear trend nor a quadric trend was seen in phonetic fluency.ConclusionsThe result showed an inverted‐U relationship between exercise intensity and semantic fluency. A larger sample size, testing time and more reliable psychophysiological measures (e.g. VO2max and neuroimaging technology), should be considered to explore the underlying mechanisms in this population.
Global rosacea treatment guidelines and expert consensus points: The differences
Authors: Juliandri Juliandri , Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Zijing , Zhang Jiawen , Xu Yang , Yuan Chao 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundRosacea is a highly prevalent, chronic inflammatory disease. The treatment of rosacea remains a challenge to dermatologists. Therapies include skin care, medications, lasers, and various combinations of these modalities. The appropriate treatment depends on clinical types and patient's various clinical symptoms.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to review and compare current therapies for rosacea of all severities from four different guidelines.MethodologyWe searched PubMed using the keywords “rosacea,” “treatment” AND [“erythema rosacea” OR “papulopustular rosacea” OR “ocular rosacea” OR “phymatous rosacea”]. We selected randomized controlled trials, observational studies, controlled clinical trials, and clinical trials. We indentified further studies (including the guidelines) by hand‐searching relevant publications and included those that met the inclusion criteria.ResultsThe total number of records identified was 421. We limited our search to the specific abovementioned study types. Twenty‐five of these studies met with our inclusion criteria. An additional five manuscripts were selected using the abovementioned method, and four guidelines were included in this review.ConclusionDiagnosing and choosing the appropriate treatment options of rosacea according to guidelines is the basis of scientific criteria. More large‐scale randomized controlled clinical trials on new treatment methods, new drugs, or new dosage forms provide a new guideline for future rosacea treatment. Although there are some differences in the treatment of rosacea, it is generally based on anti‐demodex, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐angiogenesis.
Time‐Varying Asset Volatility and the Credit Spread Puzzle
Authors: DU DU , ELKAMHI REDOUANE , ERICSSON JAN 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMost extant structural credit risk models underestimate credit spreads—a shortcoming known as the credit spread puzzle. We consider a model with priced stochastic asset risk that is able to fit medium‐ to long‐term spreads. The model, augmented by jumps to help explain short‐term spreads, is estimated on firm‐level data and identifies significant asset variance risk premia. An important feature of the model is the significant time variation in risk premia induced by the uncertainty about asset risk. Various extensions are considered, among them optimal leverage and endogenous default.
Labor‐Technology Substitution: Implications for Asset Pricing
Authors: ZHANG MIAO BEN 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the asset pricing implications of a firm's opportunities to replace routine‐task labor with automation. I develop a model in which firms optimally undertake such replacement when their productivity is low. Hence, firms with routine‐task labor maintain a replacement option that hedges their value against unfavorable macroeconomic shocks and lowers their expected returns. Using establishment‐level occupational data, I construct a measure of firms' share of routine‐task labor. Compared to their industry peers, firms with a higher share of routine‐task labor (i) invest more in machines and reduce more routine‐task labor during economic downturns, and (ii) have lower expected stock returns.
The effect of perceived organisational justice on job satisfaction and burnout levels of haemodialysis nurses
Authors: Topbaş Eylem , Bay Hakan , Turan Buğra Burak , Çıtlak Umut , Emir Ahmet Hüdai , Erdoğan Tuğba Kavalalı , Akkaya Lale 
Published: February 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundOrganisational justice influences job satisfaction, the performance of individuals and the functioning of institutions. The lack of evidence‐based studies investigating the relationship between hemodialysis nurses' perceptions of organisational justice, job satisfaction and burnout has created a research gap in this area.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of perceived organisational justice on professional satisfaction and burnout levels of haemodialysis nurses and to identify any relation ship with individual and organisational factors.Material and MethodsThe study was designed as a multi‐centre descriptive study. The data were collected using the ‘personal information form’, the Organisational Justice Scale’, the ‘Maslach Burnout Inventory’ and the ‘Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire’.ResultsThe distributive justice scores decreased as the depersonalisation scores of the nurses increased. As the personal accomplishment scores of the nurses increased, the interactional justice scores also increased. It was observed that the job satisfaction scores increased as the sub‐dimensional scores of the organisational justice scale increased and exhaustion decreased.ConclusionIt was detected that there was a significant relationship between the organisational justice perception of nurses and their job satisfaction and level of burnout. Institutions are encouraged to adopt a fair policy towards nurses and promote personal development.
Statistical Regularities Affect the Perception of Second Language Speech: Evidence From Adult Classroom Learners of Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Wiener Seth , Lee Chao‐Yang , Tao Liang 
Published: February 2019

This study investigated how adult second language (L2) learners of Mandarin Chinese use knowledge of phonological and lexical statistical regularities when acoustic information is insufficient for word recognition. A gating task was used to test intermediate L2 learners at two time points across a semester of classroom learning. Native Mandarin speakers (tested once) served as a control group. Mixed‐effects modeling revealed that upon hearing truncated speech, L2 learners, like native speakers, identified high token frequency syllable–tone combinations more accurately than low token frequency syllable–tone combinations. Error analysis of correct syllable/incorrect tone responses revealed that native speakers made specific probability‐based errors. L2 learners primarily demonstrated more acoustic‐based errors but exhibited a trend toward greater probability‐based errors during the second test. These findings are interpreted in light of L2 speech learning models that emphasize a statistical learning mechanism.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework athttps://osf.io/c4zn6. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science:https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Convergence, constraint and the potential for mutualism between ants and gut microbes
Authors: Pringle Elizabeth G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnts are a hugely diverse family of eusocial insects that dominate terrestrial ecosystems all over the planet. Did mutualistic gut microbes help ants to achieve their diversity and ecological dominance? Initial studies suggested the potential for widespread convergence in ant gut bacterial communities based on dietary niche, but it now seems possible that dedicated bacterial symbionts are restricted to a minority of ant lineages (Russell et al., 2017). Nevertheless, as most ants are omnivores, the evidence so far has suggested a broad, positive correlation between the evolution of dietary specialization and ant investment in nutrient‐provisioning gut bacteria. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Sapountzis et al. (2019) and Rubin et al. (2019) examine the evolution of gut bacterial communities in two iconic ant taxa—the attine fungus farmers and the Pseudomyrmex plant bodyguards, respectively—in a comparative context. By comparing gut bacteria between ant species of differing dietary specialization within each taxon, these studies demonstrate a hint of convergence in the midst of widespread apparent constraints. These results raise numerous interesting questions about the nature of these apparent constraints and whether they are causes or consequences of varying investment by ants to mutualism with their gut microbes.
Invasive invertebrates associated with highly duplicated gene content
Authors: Makino Takashi , Kawata Masakado 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInvasion of alien species has led to serious problems, including the destruction of native ecosystems. In general, invasive species adapt to new environments rapidly, suggesting that they have high genetic diversity that can directly influence environmental adaptability. However, it is not known how genomic architecture causes genetic diversity that leads to invasiveness. Recent studies have showed that the proportion of duplicated genes (PD) in whole animal genomes correlate with environmental variability within a habitat. Here, we show that PD and propagule size significantly explain the differences in species categories (invasive species, noninvasive species, and parasites). PD correlated negatively with the propagule size. The residual values of regression of PD on propagule size revealed that the invasive species had higher PD values and larger propagule size than those of the noninvasive species, whereas the parasites had lower PD values and smaller propagule size than those of others. There were no correlations between the invasive species and other genomic factors including the genome size, number of genes, and certain gene families. Our results suggest that the PD values of a genome might be a potential genomic source causing genetic variations for adaptation to diverse environments. The results also showed that the invasiveness status of a species would be predicted by the residual values of regression of PD on propagule size. Our innovative approach provides a measure to estimate the environmental adaptability of organisms based on genomic data.
Intergroup Conflict 2020
Authors: Halevy Nir , Cohen Taya R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe pervasiveness, persistence, and petrifying scope of intergroup conflict have fueled substantial scholarly interest in intergroup conflict across the social and biological sciences. Here we outline five questions that we hope students of intergroup conflict will undertake to research in years to come: (a) When and why do people engage in, and publicly display, blatant forms of intergroup hostility? (b) How do different moral motives shape individual behavior in intergroup conflict? (c) How do intragroup processes influence intergroup processes and vice versa? (d) How does the changing nature of “groups” influence intergroup conflict and its resolution? And (e) how will global challenges shape intergroup relations in the 21st century? Although it is unimaginable that the problem of intergroup conflict will be eradicated, we hope that addressing these questions will help us understand how to manage intergroup conflicts and their harmful consequences better.
When the SUIT Fits: Constructive Controversy Training in Face‐to‐Face and Virtual Teams
Authors: O'Neill Thomas A. , Hancock Samantha , McLarnon Matthew J. W. , Holland Taylor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOne of the major reasons organizations have turned to work teams is because challenges are too complex, and too large in scope, for any single individual to address. As a result, teams must engage in information sharing, exchange, and processing that optimize the use of each team member's knowledge. Accordingly, we invoked a framework called SUIT, based on the theory of constructive controversy, that teaches teams to effectively share, understand, integrate, and make team decisions. We also considered whether a training program developed in accordance with the SUIT principles has stronger effects for virtual teams (VTs) relative to face‐to‐face (FtF) teams, given that VTs tend to need more information sharing and decision‐making support. Using a fully crossed and balanced experimental design, we found that teams receiving SUIT training reported greater constructive controversy levels and, in turn, higher objective task performance. The communication medium did not moderate this effect.
Do renewable energy incentive policies improve the performance of energy firms? Evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Hassan Aminu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNatural capital inventory approach to sustainability accounting advocates accountability system that keeps stock of natural capital intact. Substituting exhaustible energy resources with renewable energies (RE) is a particular example of the ‘substitutability’ condition for sustainability and a key principle of the natural capital theory. This paper investigates the effects ofREincentive policies, as facilitators of ‘substitutability’, on the financial performance of 420 energy firms inOECDcountries over 4 years (2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016). Findings reported using fixed effects panel‐data modelling reveal that mostREincentive policies deployed inOECDcountries stimulate improved accounting‐based measures of financial performance. In addition, some incentive policies that are long‐term in nature appear value relevant. Overall, the paper documents that substitutingREfor fossil fuels, incentivised throughREpolicies, stimulates improved financial performance of energy companies inOECDcountries. The significance of these results is evident in the empirical support they lend to the effectiveness ofREincentive policies, progress of global energy transition and the natural capital inventory theory. Furthermore, the results could be of benefit to policymakers, energy firms and investors.