bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing the Phase Space of Heterogeneous Inertial Particles in 2D Flows
Authors: Rojo Irene Baeza , Gross Markus , Günther Tobias 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn many scientific disciplines, the motion of finite‐sized objects in fluid flows plays an important role, such as in brownout engineering, sediment transport, oceanology or meteorology. These finite‐sized objects are called inertial particles and, in contrast to traditional tracer particles, their motion depends on their current position, their own particle velocity, the time and their size. Thus, the visualization of their motion becomes a high‐dimensional problem that entails computational and perceptual challenges. So far, no visualization explored and visualized the particle trajectories under variation of all seeding parameters. In this paper, we propose three coordinated views that visualize the different aspects of the high‐dimensional space in which the particles live. We visualize the evolution of particles over time, showing that particles travel different distances in the same time, depending on their size. The second view provides a clear illustration of the trajectories of different particle sizes and allows the user to easily identify differences due to particle size. Finally, we embed the trajectories in the space‐velocity domain and visualize their distance to an attracting manifold using ribbons. In all views, we support interactive linking and brushing, and provide abstraction through density volumes that are shown by direct volume rendering and isosurface slabs. Using our method, users gain deeper insights into the dynamics of inertial particles in 2D fluids, including size‐dependent separation, preferential clustering and attraction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in multiple steady and unsteady 2D flows.
Visualization of 4D Vector Field Topology
Authors: Hofmann Lutz , Rieck Bastian , Sadlo Filip 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we present an approach to the topological analysis of four‐dimensional vector fields. In analogy to traditional 2D and 3D vector field topology, we provide a classification and visual representation of critical points, together with a technique for extracting their invariant manifolds. For effective exploration of the resulting four‐dimensional structures, we present a 4D camera that provides concise representation by exploiting projection degeneracies, and a 4D clipping approach that avoids self‐intersection in the 3D projection. We exemplify the properties and the utility of our approach using specific synthetic cases.
An Approximate Parallel Vectors Operator for Multiple Vector Fields
Authors: Gerrits Tim , Rössl Christian , Theisel Holger 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Parallel Vectors (PV) Operator extracts the locations of points where two vector fields are parallel. In general, these features are line structures. The PV operator has been used successfully for a variety of problems, which include finding vortex‐core lines or extremum lines. We present a new generic feature extraction method for multiple 3D vector fields: The Approximate Parallel Vectors (APV) Operator extracts lines where all fields are approximately parallel. The definition of the APV operator is based on the application of PV for two vector fields that are derived from the given set of fields. The APV operator enables the direct visualization of features of vector field ensembles without processing fields individually and without causing visual clutter. We give a theoretical analysis of the APV operator and demonstrate its utility for a number of ensemble data.
Core Lines in 3D Second‐Order Tensor Fields
Authors: Oster T. , Rössl C. , Theisel H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVortices are important features in vector fields that show a swirling behavior around a common core. The concept of a vortex core line describes the center of this swirling behavior. In this work, we examine the extension of this concept to 3D second‐order tensor fields. Here, a behavior similar to vortices in vector fields can be observed for trajectories of the eigenvectors. Vortex core lines in vector fields were defined by Sujudi and Haimes to be the locations where stream lines are parallel to an eigenvector of the Jacobian. We show that a similar criterion applied to the eigenvector trajectories of a tensor field yields structurally stable lines that we calltensor core lines. We provide a formal definition of these structures and examine their mathematical properties. We also present a numerical algorithm for extracting tensor core lines in piecewise linear tensor fields. We find all intersections of tensor core lines with the faces of a dataset using a simple and robust root finding algorithm. Applying this algorithm to tensor fields obtained from structural mechanics simulations shows that it is able to effectively detect and visualize regions of rotational or hyperbolic behavior of eigenvector trajectories.
DimSUM: Dimension and Scale Unifying Map for Visual Abstraction of DNA Origami Structures
Authors: Miao H. , De Llano E. , Isenberg T. , Gröller M. E. , Barišić I. , Viola I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present a novel visualization concept for DNA origami structures that integrates a multitude of representations into a Dimension and Scale Unifying Map (DimSUM). This novel abstraction map provides means to analyze, smoothly transition between, and interact with many visual representations of the DNA origami structures in an effective way that was not possible before. DNA origami structures are nanoscale objects, which are challenging to model in silico. In our holistic approach we seamlessly combine three‐dimensional realistic shape models, two‐dimensional diagrammatic representations, and ordered alignments in one‐dimensional arrangements, with semantic transitions across many scales. To navigate through this large, two‐dimensional abstraction map we highlight locations that users frequently visit for certain tasks and datasets. Particularly interesting viewpoints can be explicitly saved to optimize the workflow. We have developed DimSUM together with domain scientists specialized in DNA nanotechnology. In the paper we discuss our design decisions for both the visualization and the interaction techniques. We demonstrate two practical use cases in which our approach increases the specialists’ understanding and improves their effectiveness in the analysis. Finally, we discuss the implications of our concept for the use of controlled abstraction in visualization in general.
VirtualDesk: A Comfortable and Efficient Immersive Information Visualization Approach
Authors: Wagner Filho J. A. , Freitas C.M.D.S. , Nedel L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract3D representations are potentially useful under many circumstances, but suffer from long known perception and interaction challenges. Current immersive technologies, which combine stereoscopic displays and natural interaction, are being progressively seen as an opportunity to tackle this issue, but new guidelines and studies are still needed, especially regarding information visualization. Many proposed approaches are impractical for actual usage, resulting in user discomfort or requiring too much time or space. In this work, we implement and evaluate an alternative data exploration metaphor where the user remains seated and viewpoint change is only realisable through physical movements. All manipulation is done directly by natural mid‐air gestures, with the data being rendered at arm's reach. The virtual reproduction of the analyst's desk aims to increase immersion and enable tangible interaction with controls and two dimensional associated information. A comparative user study was carried out against a desktop‐based equivalent, exploring a set of 9 perception and interaction tasks based on previous literature and a multidimensional projection use case. We demonstrate that our prototype setup, named VirtualDesk, presents excellent results regarding user comfort and immersion, and performs equally or better in all analytical tasks, while adding minimal or no time overhead and amplifying user subjective perceptions of efficiency and engagement. Results are also contrasted to a previous experiment employing artificial flying navigation, with significant observed improvements.
Maps and Globes in Virtual Reality
Authors: Yang Yalong , Jenny Bernhard , Dwyer Tim , Marriott Kim , Chen Haohui , Cordeil Maxime 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper explores different ways to render world‐wide geographic maps in virtual reality (VR). We compare: (a) a 3D exocentric globe, where the user's viewpoint is outside the globe; (b) a flat map (rendered to a plane in VR); (c) an egocentric 3D globe, with the viewpoint inside the globe; and (d) a curved map, created by projecting the map onto a section of a sphere which curves around the user. In all four visualisations the geographic centre can be smoothly adjusted with a standard handheld VR controller and the user, through a head‐tracked headset, can physically move around the visualisation. For distance comparison exocentric globe is more accurate than egocentric globe and flat map. For area comparison more time is required with exocentric and egocentric globes than with flat and curved maps. For direction estimation, the exocentric globe is more accurate and faster than the other visual presentations. Our study participants had a weak preference for the exocentric globe. Generally the curved map had benefits over the flat map. In almost all cases the egocentric globe was found to be the least effective visualisation. Overall, our results provide support for the use of exocentric globes for geographic visualisation in mixed‐reality.
Baseball Timeline: Summarizing Baseball Plays Into a Static Visualization
Authors: Ono Jorge P. , Dietrich Carlos , Silva Claudio T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn sports, Play Diagrams are the standard way to represent and convey information. They are widely used by coaches, managers, journalists and fans in general. There are situations where diagrams may be hard to understand, for example, when several actions are packed in a certain region of the field or there are just too many actions to be transformed in a clear depiction of the play. The representation of how actions develop through time, in particular, may be hardly achieved on such diagrams. The time, and the relationship among the actions of the players through time, is critical on the depiction of complex plays. In this context, we present a study on how player actions may be clearly depicted on 2D diagrams. The study is focused on Baseball plays, a sport where diagrams are heavily used to summarize the actions of the players. We propose a new and simple approach to represent spatiotemporal information in the form of a timeline. We designed our visualization with a requirement driven approach, conducting interviews and fulfilling the needs of baseball experts and expert‐fans. We validate our approach by presenting a detailed analysis of baseball plays and conducting interviews with four domain experts.
Cosine‐Weighted B‐Spline Interpolation on the Face‐Centered Cubic Lattice
Authors: Rácz Gergely Ferenc , Csébfalvi Balázs 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCosine‐Weighted B‐spline (CWB) interpolation [Csé13] has been originally proposed for volumetric data sampled on the Body‐Centered Cubic (BCC) lattice. The BCC lattice is well known to be optimal for sampling isotropically band‐limited signals above the Nyquist limit. However, the Face‐Centered Cubic (FCC) lattice has been recently proven to be optimal for low‐rate sampling. The CWB interpolation is a state‐of‐the‐art technique on the BCC lattice, which outperforms, for example, the previously proposed box‐spline interpolation in terms of both efficiency and visual quality. In this paper, we show that CWB interpolation can be adapted to the FCC lattice as well, and results in similarly isotropic signal reconstructions as on the BCC lattice.
Rendering and Extracting Extremal Features in 3D Fields
Authors: Kindlmann G. , Chiw C. , Huynh T. , Gyulassy A. , Reppy J. , Bremer P.‐T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVisualizing and extracting three‐dimensional features is important for many computational science applications, each with their own feature definitions and data types. While some are simple to state and implement (e.g. isosurfaces), others require more complicated mathematics (e.g. multiple derivatives, curvature, eigenvectors, etc.). Correctly implementing mathematical definitions is difficult, so experimenting with new features requires substantial investments. Furthermore, traditional interpolants rarely support the necessary derivatives, and approximations can reduce numerical stability. Our new approach directly translates mathematical notation into practical visualization and feature extraction, with minimal mental and implementation overhead. Using a mathematically expressive domain‐specific language, Diderot, we compute direct volume renderings and particle‐based feature samplings for a range of mathematical features. Non‐expert users can experiment with feature definitions without any exposure to meshes, interpolants, derivative computation, etc. We demonstrate high‐quality results on notoriously difficult features, such as ridges and vortex cores, using working code simple enough to be presented in its entirety.
SetCoLa: High‐Level Constraints for Graph Layout
Authors: Hoffswell Jane , Borning Alan , Heer Jeffrey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConstraints enable flexible graph layout by combining the ease of automatic layout with customizations for a particular domain. However, constraint‐based layout often requires many individual constraints defined over specific nodes and node pairs. In addition to the effort of writing and maintaining a large number of similar constraints, such constraints are specific to the particular graph and thus cannot generalize to other graphs in the same domain. To facilitate the specification of customized and generalizable constraint layouts, we contribute SetCoLa: a domain‐specific language for specifying high‐level constraints relative to properties of the backing data. Users identify node sets based on data or graph properties and apply high‐level constraints within each set. Applying constraints to node sets rather than individual nodes reduces specification effort and facilitates reapplication of customized layouts across distinct graphs. We demonstrate the conciseness, generalizability, and expressiveness of SetCoLa on a series of real‐world examples from ecological networks, biological systems, and social networks.
Multiscale Visualization and Exploration of Large Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Pezzotti Nicola , Fekete Jean‐Daniel , Höllt Thomas , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P.F. , Eisemann Elmar , Vilanova Anna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA bipartite graph is a powerful abstraction for modeling relationships between two collections. Visualizations of bipartite graphs allow users to understand the mutual relationships between the elements in the two collections, e.g., by identifying clusters of similarly connected elements. However, commonly‐used visual representations do not scale for the analysis of large bipartite graphs containing tens of millions of vertices, often resorting to an a‐priori clustering of the sets. To address this issue, we present the Who's‐Active‐On‐What‐Visualization (WAOW‐Vis) that allows for multiscale exploration of a bipartite social‐network without imposing an a‐priori clustering. To this end, we propose to treat a bipartite graph as a high‐dimensional space and we create the WAOW‐Vis adapting the multiscale dimensionality‐reduction technique HSNE. The application of HSNE for bipartite graph requires several modifications that form the contributions of this work. Given the nature of the problem, a set‐based similarity is proposed. For efficient and scalable computations, we use compressed bitmaps to represent sets and we present a novel space partitioning tree to efficiently compute similarities; the Sets Intersection Tree. Finally, we validate WAOW‐Vis on several datasets connecting Twitter‐users and ‐streams in different domains: news, computer science and politics. We show how WAOW‐Vis is particularly effective in identifying hierarchies of communities among social‐media users.
Interactive Investigation of Traffic Congestion on Fat‐Tree Networks Using TreeScope
Authors: Bhatia H. , Jain N. , Bhatele A. , Livnat Y. , Domke J. , Pascucci V. , Bremer P.‐T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParallel simulation codes often suffer from performance bottlenecks due to network congestion, leaving millions of dollars of investments underutilized. Given a network topology, it is critical to understand how different applications, job placements, routing schemes, etc., are affected by and contribute to network congestion, especially for large and complex networks. Understanding and optimizing communication on large‐scale networks is an active area of research. Domain experts often use exploratory tools to develop both intuitive and formal metrics for network health and performance. This paper presents TreeScope, an interactive, web‐based visualization tool for exploring network traffic on large‐scale fat‐tree networks. TreeScope encodes the network topology using a tailored matrix‐based representation and provides detailed visualization of all traffic in the network. We report on the design process of TreeScope, which has been received positively by network researchers as well as system administrators. Through case studies of real and simulated data, we demonstrate how TreeScope's visual design and interactive support for complex queries on network traffic can provide experts with new insights into the occurrences and causes of congestion in the network.
Quality Metrics for Information Visualization
Authors: Behrisch M. , Blumenschein M. , Kim N. W. , Shao L. , El‐Assady M. , Fuchs J. , Seebacher D. , Diehl A. , Brandes U. , Pfister H. , Schreck T. , Weiskopf D. , Keim D. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe visualization community has developed to date many intuitions and understandings of how to judge the quality of views in visualizing data. The computation of a visualization's quality and usefulness ranges from measuring clutter and overlap, up to the existence and perception of specific (visual) patterns. This survey attempts to report, categorize and unify the diverse understandings and aims to establish a common vocabulary that will enable a wide audience to understand their differences and subtleties. For this purpose, we present a commonly applicable quality metric formalization that should detail and relate all constituting parts of a quality metric. We organize our corpus of reviewed research papers along the data types established in the information visualization community: multi‐ and high‐dimensional, relational, sequential, geospatial and text data. For each data type, we select the visualization subdomains in which quality metrics are an active research field and report their findings, reason on the underlying concepts, describe goals and outline the constraints and requirements. One central goal of this survey is to provide guidance on future research opportunities for the field and outline how different visualization communities could benefit from each other by applying or transferring knowledge to their respective subdomain. Additionally, we aim to motivate the visualization community to compare computed measures to the perception of humans.
Psychosoziale Belastung und Unterstützungswunsch von Hauttumorpatienten – Einfluss des Behandlungs‐Settings
Authors: Buchhold Britta , Lutze Stine , Arnold Andreas , Jülich Andreas , Daeschlein Georg , Wendler Martin , Jünger Michael , Hannich Hans‐Joachim 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDiagnose und Behandlung einer Krebserkrankung bringen für Betroffene und Angehörige oft vielfältige Probleme mit sich. Um eine adäquate psychoonkologische und soziale Betreuung zu gewährleisten, wird die routinemäßige Erfassung der psychosozialen Belastung empfohlen. Während die stationären psychosozialen Angebote in den vergangenen Jahren ausgebaut wurden, ist gerade in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern die ambulante psychoonkologische Versorgungstruktur unbefriedigend. Uns interessierte: Variiert der psychosoziale Betreuungsbedarf in Abhängigkeit von (a) Behandlungs‐Setting (ambulant vs. stationär) und (b) Diagnose und (c) wünschen belastete Patienten Unterstützung?Patienten und MethodikAmbulante und stationäre Hauttumorpatienten wurden gebeten, ihre psychosoziale Situation mittels Hornheider Fragebogen einzuschätzen. Erfragt wurden auch der Wunsch nach psychosozialer Unterstützung und der bevorzugte Unterstützungsgeber.Ergebnisse(a) Das Behandlungs‐Setting hat keinen Einfluss auf die Betreuungsbedürftigkeit und den Unterstützungswunsch. (b) Der Betreuungsbedarf der 251 Patienten variiert abhängig von der Diagnose. (c) Trotz Abweichung korrelieren Betreuungsbedürftigkeit (39,0 %; n = 98/251) und Unterstützungswunsch (14,3 %; n = 35/245) signifikant. d) Belastete Patienten wählen hauptsächlich Arzt und Psychologen als potentielle Ansprechpartner.Schlussfolgerungen(1) Zusätzlich zur Belastung sollte der Unterstützungswunsch erfragt werden. (2) Die Empfehlung der Ärzte stellt einen wichtigen Zugangsweg zu psychoonkologischen Angeboten dar. (3) Ambulante Unterstützungsangebote sollten ausgebaut werden.
Update of the S1 guidelines on the definition and treatment of primary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Rzany Berthold , Bechara Falk G. , Feise Konstantin , Heckmann Marc , Rapprich Stefan , Wörle Birgit 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFocal hyperhidrosis can have a considerable impact on social and occupational activities and be associated with significant impairment in quality of life. Primary (idiopathic) hyperhidrosis is neither caused by systemic disorders nor by external factors. It usually occurs in areas characterized by a high density of sweat glands such as the axillae and hands. The diagnosis of focal hyperhidrosis is based on history and clinical findings. Supplementary diagnostic tests include gravimetry (measurement of the amount of sweat) and the iodine starch test (which shows the area of sweating). Treatment options consist of topical agents, botulinum toxin A injections, iontophoresis, treatment with radiofrequency, microwaves, or ultrasound as well as surgical procedures (axillary suction curettage, sympathectomy). Systemic agents such as anticholinergics may also be used. Selection of the most appropriate therapeutic approach depends on the site affected, prior treatment as well as the patient's requests.