bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal socialization of children’s positive affect regulation: Associations with children’s savoring, dampening, and depressive symptoms
Authors: Moran Karena M. , Root Amy E. , Vizy Boglarka K. , Wilson Tyia K. , Gentzler Amy L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMaternal socialization of positive affect (PA) is linked to children's regulation of positive and negative emotions and the development of psychopathology. However, few studies have examined multiple types of emotion socialization as related to children's PA regulation and depressive symptoms. The current study examined how mothers’ socialization of children's PA regulation was related to children's PA regulation, and if children's PA regulation mediated the association between maternal socialization and children's depressive symptoms. Ninety‐six mother–child dyads (children aged 7–12) completed questionnaires and a five‐minute discussion about a positive event the child previously experienced; 76 dyads completed surveys again five months later. Partial correlations, controlling for child age and gender, indicated associations between maternal PA socialization and child PA regulation. Moderated mediation models suggested that maternal modeling of savoring predicted Time 2 child depressive symptoms via children's own savoring, which was moderated by Time 1 depressive symptoms. The moderated path indicated that only for children who reported higher depressive symptoms at Time 1, higher levels of savoring predicted lower depressive symptoms at Time 2. These results underscore the importance of examining multiple types of PA socialization and child PA regulation to predict children's depressive symptoms longitudinally.
Exploring the effectiveness of location‐based social media in modeling user activity space: A case study of Weibo
Authors: Yuan Yihong , Wang Xujiao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLocation‐based social media (LBSM) has been widely utilized to supplement traditional survey methods in modeling human activity patterns. However, there has not been sufficient study to assess the reliability of these data in deriving human movement. This research aims to evaluate how data collection duration and sample sizes affect the reliability of LBSM data in activity modeling based on two indicators: radius of gyration (ROG) and entropy. We use a linear regression model with logarithmic transformation to approximate how the magnitude of each indicator changes with different data collection durations—from 1 to 12 months. The results indicate that both ROG and entropy increase when the amount of data increases. However, the rate of increase slows down and approaches zero eventually. We also approximated the limit values and verified that with 12‐month data, we are at approximately >95% magnitude of the limit values for both indicators in all three cities. The clustering analysis also demonstrated that there are outlier users who exhibit distinct patterns. This case study focuses on three Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou) and provides a useful reference to explore the balance point between data effectiveness and an appropriate sample size from LBSM data.
Clinical outcomes among low‐titer group O whole blood recipients compared to recipients of conventional components in civilian trauma resuscitation
Authors: Seheult Jansen N. , Anto Vincent , Alarcon Louis H. , Sperry Jason L. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Yazer Mark H. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUNDThe serological safety of transfusing ≤4 units of low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) in civilian trauma patients has been demonstrated. This study investigated clinical outcomes of LTOWB recipients compared to patients who received only conventional blood components during their resuscitation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective analysis of trauma patients' medical records who received LTOWB during the first 24 hours of their admission was performed. Using a 12‐parameter propensity matching strategy, LTOWB recipients were matched to other patients who received at least one red blood cell (RBC) unit during their first 24 hours of admission but not LTOWB. The primary outcomes were mortality and blood use.RESULTSA total of 135 patients who received LTOWB (median 2 units) were matched to 135 patients who received conventional components. There were no significant differences in the matching parameters between the groups. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the conventional component and LTOWB groups: median (interquartile range) in‐hospital mortality, 24.4% vs. 18.5% (respectively, p = 0.24); 24‐hour mortality, 12.6% vs. 8.9% (respectively, p = 0.33). The hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay were not significantly different between groups. The median number of RBC units transfused, including the contribution from the LTOWB, was not significantly different between the groups. The time to normalization of elevated plasma lactate levels tended to be shorter among the LTOWB recipients compared to the conventional component recipients (median 8.1 [3.7‐15.4] hr vs. 13.2 [4.4‐26.8] hr, respectively, p = 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe LTOWB recipients had similar clinical outcomes compared to recipients of conventional component therapy.
A review of the biology and classification of human chimeras
Authors: Wenk Robert E. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUNDChimeras are organisms composed of cells derived from two or more zygotes. Clinicians, blood group serologists, and cytogeneticists have recognized natural human chimeras for more than 60 years and molecular biologists are now able to recognize them using more sensitive and definitive tests.STUDY DESIGNHuman chimeras are divided into two major classes, man‐made and natural. Man‐made chimeras include transplanted patients and several kinds of iatrogenic chimeras including those that develop after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Natural chimeras have historically included twin chimeras and fusion chimeras. Recently described microchimeras are primarily natural ones as well. Updated terminology and classification are suggested to account for information gleaned from natural and experimental animal chimeras.CONCLUSIONSMany human chimeras remain undetected. The states of health and disease of human chimeras remain largely unknown. Of four ways to detect human chimeras, molecular typing is the most sensitive and specific. Before systematic and temporal studies can be undertaken, improved cell sampling and better analytical detection methods are necessary. Chimeras may be sought among dizygotic twins and children born after IVF procedures.
Absorption and translocation of glyphosate in Spermacoce verticillata and alternative herbicide control
Authors: Fadin D A , Tornisielo V L , Barroso A A M , Ramos S , Dos Reis F C , Monquero P A 
Published: August 2018

SummaryGlyphosate has been associated with control failures for Spermacoce verticillata in some Brazilian States. The objective of this work was to evaluate and determine the possible causes of this and propose alternative herbicides to use. Glyphosate was applied at three plant stages of development (2–4 leaves, 4–6 leaves and full bloom) where foliar absorption and translocation of glyphosate to various plants parts and time were analysed using the 14C technique. Data were submitted to nonlinear regressions and analysis of variance, where means were compared by a Tukey test at 5% probability. Plant control by the application of different herbicides (19) in the same three stages of development of weed was evaluated. Twenty‐one days after herbicide application, control was visually evaluated and data analysed and means were compared. Due to absorption and/or translocation problems, S. verticillata plants were not controlled by glyphosate. Plants with 4–6 leaves showed lower absorption and translocation of the herbicide to the leaf/root regions compared with plants at the beginning of their development. Plants at full bloom showed lower translocation of the herbicide to the root. In addition to the application of glyphosate at early stages of development, the application of paraquat, flumioxazin and mixtures of glyphosate with flumioxazin or cloransulam is recommended. Late applications could result in poor control, principally if glyphosate is used. Therefore, early applications are strongly recommended for control of this species.
EXPLORING OLD AND NEW PATHS IN THEODICY
Authors: Sollereder Bethany 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChristopher Southgate's work raises questions about God, evolution, and suffering. In this article, I begin by contributing an alternative to Southgate's “only way” argument and by offering a third option in speculations about the nature of nonhuman animals in heaven. The second half of the article starts with Southgate's approach of evolutionary theodicy as “an adventure in theology” and proposes a new path branching off his work. “Compassionate theodicy” is a reworking of the method and audience of traditional theodicy in the hope that it might become something that could offer theological resources to those who suffer.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: August 2018

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 9Ajda Şenol Sakin, Uludag Univesity, TurkeyAvni Yildiz, Bülent Ecevit University, TurkeyBünyamin Aydin, Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversity, TurkeyChosang Tendhar, Long Island University (LIU), USAEmel Funda Türkmen, Afyon Kocatepe Univesity, TurkeyEmel Funda Türkmen, Afyon Kocatepe Univesity, TurkeyEsin Sahin Pekmez, Agean University, TurkeyGözde Ersöz, Namık Kemal University, TurkeyGülsüm Yuca, Aksaray University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaIoannis Syrmpas, University of Thessaly, GreeceJeyavel Sundaramoorthy, Gulbarga University Campus, IndiaJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaJon S. Turner, Missouri State University, USAKatya De Giovanni, University of Malta, MaltaKerim Gündogdu, Adnan Menderes University, TurkeyKerim Sözbir, Abant İzzet Baysal University, TurkeyMassimiliano Barattucci, Ecampus University, ItalyMehmet Aydin, Dicle University, TurkeyMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceMurat Taş, Manisa Celalbayar University, TurkeyNevzat Dinçer, University of Batman, TurkeyÖnder Şemşek, Abant İzzet Baysal University, TurkeyOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeyOzkan Kırmızı, Karabuk University, TurkeySenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeySerdal Baltaci, Ahi Evran University, TurkeyŞirin Akbulut Demirci, Uludag Univesity, TurkeyTorok Marianna, University of Massachusetts Boston, USAYerlan Seisenbekov, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Control Optimization for Multiple Gas Turbine Driven Compressors
Authors: Zamotorin Roman , Kurz Rainer , Zhang Donghui , Lubomirsky Matt , Brun Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Many gas compressor stations use multiple gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors. In many instances, the units are not identical. The challenge is to control the units such, that certain operational parameters, for example fuel consumption, are optimized. The control system has to rely on measurable parameters. The system has to be reliable even if parameters that are not directly measured change during operation.
For practical use, the two methods available are to control all compressors for the same turndown, or to control all gas turbines for the same load. This methodology can be derived and discussed for the case of identical machines, and will be expanded for the case where the compressors and their drivers are not identical.
The paper describes a variety of optimization methods, starting with a simple algorithm, then comparing equalization methods, and finally illustration the capability of methods that combine turbomachinery optimization and the optimization of pipeline hydraulics.
Shock Tube Simulation of the Transient Surge Phase Inside an Axial Compressor
Authors: Huang Paul Xiubao , Mazzawy Robert S. 
Published: August 2018

This paper is a continuing work from one author on the same topic of the transient aerodynamics during compressor stall/surge using a shock tube analogy by Huang [1, 2]. As observed by Mazzawy [3] for the high-speed high-pressure (HSHP) ratio compressors of the modern aero-engines, surge is an event characterized with the stoppage and reversal of engine flow within a matter of milliseconds. This large flow transient is accomplished through a pair of internally generated shock waves and expansion waves of high strength. The final results are often dramatic with a loud bang followed by the spewing out of flames from both the engine intake and exhaust, potentially damaging to the engine structure [3].
It has been demonstrated in the previous investigations by Marshall [4] and Huang [2] that the transient flow reversal phase of a surge cycle can be approximated by the shock tube analogy in understanding its generation mechanism and correlating the shock wave strength as a function of the pre-surge compressor pressure ratio. Kurkov [5] and Evans [8] used a guillotine analogy to estimate the inlet overpressure associated with the sudden flow stoppage associated with surge. This paper will expand the progressive surge model established by the shock tube analogy in [2] by including the dynamic effect of airflow stoppage using an “integrated-flow” sequential guillotine/shock tube model. It further investigates the surge formation (characterized by flow reversal) and propagation patterns (characterized by surge shock and expansion waves) after its generation at different locations inside a compressor. Calculations are conducted for a 12-stage compressor using this model under various surge onset stages and compared with previous experimental data [3]. The results demonstrate that the “integrated-flow” model closely replicates the fast moving surge shock wave overpressure from the stall initiation site to the compressor inlet.
Centrifugal Compressor Design for Near-Critical Point Applications
Authors: Ameli Alireza , Afzalifar Ali , Turunen-Saaresti Teemu , Backman Jari 
Published: August 2018

The supercritical CO2 (sCO2) Brayton cycle has been attracting much attention to produce the electricity power, chiefly due to its higher thermal efficiency with the relatively lower temperature at the turbine inlet compared to other common energy conversion cycles. Centrifugal compressor operating conditions in the supercritical Brayton cycle are commonly set in vicinity of the critical point, owing to smaller compressibility factor and eventually lower compressor work.
This paper investigates and compares different centrifugal compressor design methodologies in close proximity to the critical point and suggests the most accurate design procedure based on the findings. An in-house mean-line design code, which is based on the individual enthalpy loss models, is compared to stage efficiency correlation design methods. Moreover, modifications are introduced to the skin friction loss calculation to establish an accurate 1-D design methodology. Moreover, compressor performances are compared to the experimental measurements.
Off-Design Prediction of Transonic Axial Compressors: Part 2 — Generalized Mean-Line Loss Modelling Methodology
Authors: Kidikian John , Reggio Marcelo 
Published: August 2018

In Part 1, of this two-part paper, an off-design mean-line code and a generalized methodology to obtain “tuning” factors were presented. It was shown that the modified factors were capable of predicting the off-design performance of four well documented NASA transonic axial compressors.
In this paper, Part 2, a generalized methodology to create correlations for the rotor and stator total pressure losses, deviation angles, and blade row inlet and exit blockage factors is presented.
The generalized mean-line loss modelling methodology will allow the compressor designer to decommission the use of the performance map scaling techniques. In its place, the generalized predictive methodology will accurately estimate the off-design performance of transonic axial compressors and can be used to fill the gaps of missing data.
Rotor System Mathematical Model Substructure-Based Reduction and Updating Using Experimental Modal Analysis
Authors: Semenov Sergey , Nikhamkin Mikhail , Sazhenkov Nikolai 
Published: August 2018

Modeling of rotor dynamics is one of the most important parts of gas turbine engine creation process. But the need to understand the system response to design predictable, low maintenance, cost-effective, and optimal systems has driven rotor dynamics to large-order complex rotor system models. These models contain more intricate geometric complexities, bearings, seals, and attached components such as disks, blades, fans, and couplings. All this makes vibration processes more complicated and so they require more calculation resources. That makes such iterative procedures as model updating and optimization difficult.
Possible solution for this problem is substructuring. Partitioning of the model to substructures opens up a possibility to verify and update parts of the model independently using modern modal analysis experimental techniques like 3D scanning vibrometry. And then they can be condensed using reduction methods to simplify the whole model.
This work demonstrates the possible way of rotor system model updating based on experimental modal analysis via 3D scanning vibrometry and reduction using CMS method. Demonstration of the method is made on a special rotor test rig. The quality of updating and reduction is evaluated by comparing of critical speeds obtained numerically and experimentally. The comparison shows that proposed method is adequate for rotor system model creation and simplification but for constructions with a lot of connections updating procedure should be improved.
Rotating Annulus Component Performance Characterisation Based on CFD Analyses
Authors: Yuan Youming , Hunt David 
Published: August 2018

FloMASTER is a 1-D thermo-fluids system simulation tool and its component models depend on the characterisation data of the component performance. Such performance data is mainly based on data banks established from extensive tests exemplified by the books like “Internal Flow” by Miller [1] and “Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance” by Idelchik [2].
One of the key components of the gas turbine secondary air system is the rotating annulus. However, reliable data and correlations for performance characteristics like pressure loss coefficient, torque coefficient, windage and heat transfer for this component are rare and non-existent in the open literature for the case of both walls rotating simultaneously, which is becoming more common in today’s multi-spool military aero engines.
To overcome this challenge of lack of reliable performance data and correlations, in this paper the Mentor Graphics 3D CFD tool “FloEFD” is used to model both inner wall rotating and outer wall rotating annulus flow, and to verify the 3D CFD results of performance data in terms of pressure loss coefficient and torque coefficient versus some published test data in the open literature. It is shown that the CFD gives results on pressure loss and torque coefficients that are in good agreement with test data based correlations used in FloMASTER. This demonstrates that 3D CFD can be used as a powerful tool for verifying the existing 1D model, extending the 1D model performance data range and generating new performance data for developing new components where such data is not available from open literature. A future project is to extend this approach to provide performance data for rotating annuli with both walls rotating. Such data will form the basis for developing a new component model for a rotating annulus with both walls rotating.
Numerical Investigations of an Axial Exhaust Diffuser Coupling the Last Stage of a Generic Gas Turbine
Authors: Mihailowitsch Marius , Schatz Markus , Vogt Damian M. 
Published: August 2018

It is well known that the last stage of a turbine and the subsequent diffuser should be viewed at and designed as a coupled system rather than as single standalone components. The turbine outlet flow imposes the inlet conditions to the diffuser, whereas the recovered dynamic pressure in the diffuser directly controls the turbine back pressure.
With changing operating point, the turbine outflow can vary significantly. This results consequently in large variations of the diffuser performance. A major role in the coupled system of turbine and diffuser can be attributed to the tip leakage flow. While it is desirable to minimize the tip leakage with regard to the turbine, a higher leakage mass flow can often be beneficial for the diffuser performance. As there is currently a trend towards aggressive and hence shorter diffusers which are particularly prone to separation, the question arises where the optimum for this tradeoff problem lies.
To investigate the performance in the coupled turbine/diffuser system, a generic last stage with shrouded rotor and axial exhaust diffuser have been designed. The components are representative for heavy duty stationary gas turbine applications. Results are presented for three different operating points representing part-load, design-load and over-load condition. Three different seal gap widths are taken into account to control the leakage flow. The results indicate that an operating point dependent optimum gap width can be found for the coupled system efficiency whereas the maximimum turbine performance is always achieved with a minimum gap width.
Source Term Based Modeling of Rotating Cavitation in Turbopumps
Authors: Vermes A. G. , Lettieri C. 
Published: August 2018

The recent growth of private options in launch vehicles has substantially raised price competition in the space launch market. This has increased the need to deliver reliable launch vehicles at reduced engine development cost, and has led to increased industrial interest in reduced order models.
Large-scale liquid rocket engines require high-speed turbopumps to inject cryogenic propellants into the combustion chamber. These pumps can experience cavitation instabilities even when operating near design conditions. Of particular concern is rotating cavitation, which is characterized by an asymmetric cavity rotating at the pump inlet, which can cause severe vibration, breaking of the pump and loss of the mission. Despite much work in the field, there are limited guidelines to avoid rotating cavitation during design and its occurrence is often assessed through costly experimental testing.
This paper presents a source term based model for stability assessment of rocket engine turbopumps. The approach utilizes mass and momentum source terms to model cavities and hydrodynamic blockage in inviscid, single-phase numerical calculations, reducing the computational cost of the calculations by an order of magnitude compared to traditional numerical methods. Comparison of the results from the model with experiments and high-fidelity calculations indicates agreement of the head coefficient and cavity blockage within 0.26% and 5% respectively. The computations capture rotating cavitation in a 2D inducer at the expected flow coefficient and cavitation number. The mechanism of formation and propagation of the instability is correctly reproduced.