bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DAF-16/Foxo suppresses the transgenerational sterility ofprg-1piRNA mutants via a systemic small RNA pathway
Authors: Simon Matt , Spichal Maya , Heestand Bree , Frenk Stephen , Hedges Ashley , Godwin Malik , Wellman Alicia S. , Sakaguchi Aisa , Ahmed Shawn 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMutation of thedaf-2insulin/IGF-1 receptor activates the DAF-16/Foxo transcription factor to suppress the transgenerational sterility phenotype ofprg-1/piRNA mutants that are deficient for piRNA-mediated genome silencing. As with PRG-1/piRNAs, mutations in the nuclear RNA interference genenrde-1compromised germ cell immortality, but deficiency fordaf-2did not suppress the transgenerational sterility ofnrde-1ornrde-4single mutants or ofprg-1; nrde-4orprg-1; hrde-1double mutants. NRDE-1 and NRDE-4 promote transcriptional silencing in somatic cells via the nuclear Argonaute protein NRDE-3, which was dispensable for germ cell immortality. However,daf-2deficiency failed to promote germ cell immortality inprg-1; nrde-3mutants. Consistently, we found that DAF-16 activity in somatic cells suppressed the transgenerational sterility ofprg-1mutants via the SID-1 dsRNA transmembrane channel that promotes systemic RNAi as well as Dicer, the dsRNA binding protein RDE-4 and the RDRP RRF-3. We conclude that DAF-16 activates a cell-non-autonomous systemic RNAi pathway that promotes small RNA-mediated genome silencing in germ cells to suppress loss of the genomic immune surveillance factor Piwi/PRG-1.Author SummarySmall RNAs can promote genome silencing. The Argonaute protein Piwi interacts with thousands of small RNAs termed piRNAs in germ cells to suppress expression of transposons and foreign genetic elements. However, the Piwi silencing system may be commonly targeted by viral or transposon genomic parasites that seek to suppress the endogenous defences against their expression and replication. Activation of the DAF-16 stress response pathway promotes adult longevity and can also abolish the transgenerational sterility ofC. elegansPiwi mutants. We found that DAF-16 accomplishes this by activating a somatic small RNA pathway where small RNAs are initially produced in the soma and are then transported into the germline to suppress expression of a toxic genetic locus in Piwi mutants. Thus, the DAF-16 stress response pathway activates a systemic small RNA cascade to suppress defects in the Piwi/piRNA genome silencing system.
The interplay between demography and neutral evolution at the expansion front of a widespread conifer,Picea sitchensis
Authors: Elleouet Joane S. , Aitken Sally N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTree species in the northern hemisphere have advanced and retreated with interglacial and glacial periods, and are currently subject to rapid anthropogenic climate change. These observations prompt questions about the mechanisms allowing tree populations to respond quickly to selection pressures when establishing into new areas. Focusing on the northern expanding range edge ofPicea sitchensis, a widespread conifer of western North America, we ask how genetic structure and diversity develop during colonization, and assess the role of demographic history in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of a colonizing population. By combining nearly 500 years of tree-ring and genetic data at the expansion front on the Kodiak Archipelago, we show that allelic richness - but not expected heterozygosity - increased rapidly during early stages of establishment in the 1600s, while genetic differentiation from populations further from the front decreased. This trend ended in the 1700s, after an increase in population growth rate. These findings highlight the major role of long-distance pollen dispersal in the recovery of genetic diversity during initial stages of colonization, and suggest that demographic dynamics including an initial lag in population growth are likely limiting factors in the adaptation of tree populations tracking their niche in a changing climate.
Autophagy Decreases Alveolar Epithelial Cell Injury by Suppressing the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Regulating the Release of Inflammatory Mediators
Authors: Fan Tao , Yang Shuo , Huang Zhixin , Wang Wei , Pan Shize , Xu Yao , Zhang Boyou , Mao Zhangfan , Fang Yifan , Guo Xiaobo , Hu Hao , Geng Qing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo research the impact of autophagy on alveolar epithelial cell inflammation and its possible mechanism in early stages of hypoxia, we established a cell hypoxia-reoxygenation model and orthotopic left lung ischemia-reperfusion model. Rat alveolar epithelial cells stably expressing GFP-LC3 were treated with an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA) or autophagy promoter (rapamycin), followed by hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment at 2, 4 and 6h in vitro. In vivo, twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (model group: no blocking of hilum in the left lung; control group: blocking of hilum in the left lung for 1h with DMSO lavage; 3-MA group: blocking of hilum in the left lung for 1h with 100ml/kg of 3-MA (5μmol/L) solution lavage; rapamycin group: blocking of hilum in the left lung for 1h with 100ml/kg of rapamycin (250nmol/L) solution lavage) to establish an orthotopic left lung ischemia model. This study demonstrated that rapamycin significantly suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway, restrained the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. A contrary result was confirmed by 3-MA pretreatment. These findings indicate that autophagy reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury by repressing inflammatory signaling pathways in the early stage of hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. This could be a new protective method for lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Ade novoperoxidase is also a promiscuous yet stereoselective carbene transferase
Authors: Stenner Richard , Steventon Jack W. , Seddon Annela , Anderson J. L. Ross 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBy constructing anin vivoassembled, catalytically proficient peroxidase, C45, we have recently demonstrated the catalytic potential of simple,de novo-designed heme proteins. Here we show that C45’s enzymatic activity extends to the efficient and stereoselective intermolecular transfer of carbenes to olefins, heterocycles, aldehydes and amines. Not only is this the first report of carbene transferase activity in a completelyde novoprotein, but also of enzyme-catalyzed ring expansion of aromatic heterocyclesviacarbene transfer by any enzyme.
Pink ShrimpFarfantepenaeus duorarumSpatiotemporal Abundance Trends Along an Urban, Subtropical Shoreline Slated for Restoration
Authors: Zink Ian C. , Browder Joan A. , Lirman Diego , Serafy Joseph E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands (BBCW) project of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) aims to reduce point-source freshwater discharges and spread freshwater flow along the mainland shoreline of southern Biscayne Bay to approximate conditions in the coastal wetlands and bay that existed prior to construction of canals and water control structures. An increase in pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) density to ≥ 2 individuals m−2during the wet season (i.e., August-October) along the mainland shoreline was previously proposed as an indicator of BBCW success. This study examined pre-BBCW baseline densities and compared them with the proposed target. Densities were monitored by seasonal (wet, dry) throw-trapping (1 m2replicated in triplicate) at 47 sites along ~22 km of the southwestern Biscayne Bay coastline over 10 years (2007-2016). Densities varied across years and were most often higher in dry seasons. Quantile regression revealed density limitation by four habitat attributes: water temperature (°C), depth (m), salinity (ppt), and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV: % cover). Procrustean analyses that tested for congruence between shrimp densities and habitat metrics found that water temperature, water depth, and salinity explained ~ 28%, 28%, and 22% of density variability, respectively. No significant relationship with SAV was observed. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify spatially and temporally similar groupings of pink shrimp densities by sites or season-years. Significant groupings were later investigated with respect to potentially limiting habitat attributes. Six site and four year-season clusters were identified. Although habitat attributes significantly differed among spatial clusters, within-cluster median pink shrimp densities did not correlate with within-cluster minima, maxima, medians, or standard deviations of habitat attributes. Pink shrimp densities corresponded significantly with salinity and appeared limited by it. Salinity is an environmental attribute that will be directly influenced by CERP implementation.
Prevalence of antibodies against Borna disease virus proteins in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Honda Tomoyuki , Sofuku Kozue , Matsunaga Hidenori , Tachibana Masaya , Mohri Ikuko , Taniike Masako , Tomonaga Keizo 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBornavirus infection occurs in many animals, including humans. However, the epidemiology of bornavirus in humans, especially children, is as yet unclear. Here, antibodies against bornaviruses in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were evaluated using immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting and radio ligand assay. The prevalence of antibodies against bornavirus‐specific speckles, nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein were 22%, 48%, and 33%, respectively, in children with ASD. According to our criteria, the prevalence of antibodies against bornaviruses was 7.4% in children with ASD. This is the first report of the serological prevalence of bornavirus in Japanese children. Our results provide valuable baseline‐data for future studies regarding bornavirus epidemiology in children.
Amniotic fluid lactic acid and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 levels at the time of fetal surgery for a spine defect: association with subsequent preterm prelabour rupture of membranes
Authors: Moron AF , Athanasiou A , Barbosa M , Milani HJ , Sarmento SG , Cavalheiro S , Witkin SS 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveIn utero fetal surgery to correct incomplete closure of the spinal cord lessens the extent of permanent damage but is associated with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM). We determined whether compounds in amniotic fluid collected at the time of surgery predicted subsequent development of PPROM.DesignProspective study.SettingHospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil.PopulationTwenty‐four consecutive pregnant women at 24–26 weeks of gestation seen between February and October 2017 with a singleton pregnancy underwent in utero surgery to correct an open spinal defect in their fetus.MethodsAmniotic fluid was tested for lactic acid, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), MMP‐8, MMP‐9 and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical data were collected after completion of all laboratory studies.Main outcome measureAmniotic fluid concentration of compounds in women with or without PPROM.ResultsPreterm prelabour rupture of membranes occurred in seven (29.2%) women. There were no differences in maternal age, gravidity, parity, race, history of caesarean sections or fetal gender between women with or without PPROM. Length of surgery, days of wound healing and length of hospital stay were also indistinguishable. The median concentrations of MMP‐8 (1.7 versus 0.6 ng/ml; P = 0.0041) and lactic acid (7.1 versus 5.9 mm; P = 0.0181) were higher in women with PPROM. The amniotic fluid MMP‐8 level was also negatively correlated with gestational age at delivery (Spearman r = −0.4217, P = 0.0319).ConclusionDifferences in susceptibility to develop PPROM are present before fetal surgery. An increase in anaerobic glycolysis, evidenced by the intra‐amniotic lactic acid level, may enhance MMP‐8 production and weaken maternal and fetal membranes.Tweetable abstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐8 and lactic acid in amniotic fluid predict preterm prelabour rupture of membranes.
Plasticizers and BPA Residues in Tunisian and Italian Culinary Herbs and Spices
Authors: Di Bella Giuseppa , Ben Mansour Hedi , Ben Tekaya Asma , Beltifa Asma , Potortì Angela Giorgia , Saiya Emanuele , Bartolomeo Giovanni , Dugo Giacomo , Lo Turco Vincenzo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the present study, 18 plasticizers and residues in 10 different Tunisian and Italian culinary herbs and spices (black pepper, mint, caraway, coriander, oregano, rosemary, thyme, fennel, verbena, and laurel) were determined by GC/MS. Di‐methylphthalate, di‐(2‐methylpropyl)adipate, di‐n‐butyladipate, di‐propylphthalate, benzylbenzoate, di‐phenylphthalate, and bisphenol A were lower than their LOQ in all 118 samples. Among the Tunisian samples, di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate was found in all types of samples and di‐butylphthalate in 50% of types; all other phthalates were rarely dectected. Among the adipates, only di‐methyladipate was found in 90% of types; di‐ethyladipate was seldom found and di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)adipate only in samples of caraway. Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate was found in all types of samples; di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)sebacate was detected rarely but with high values. Among the Sicilian samples, di‐ethylphthalate and di‐(2‐methylpropyl)phthalate were detected only in samples of mint; di‐methyladipate, di‐butylphthalate, and benzylbutylphthalate were identified in oregano and laurel; di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate and di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)sebacate only in oregano. In any case, the results suggested that intake of these contaminants through spices and herbs is not a dangerous risk to the consumers. Probably, as already observed for the other food, these contaminants could result from pollution of the environment (air, water, and/or soil) and/or farming methods.Practical ApplicationPlasticizers and BPA in Tunisian and Italian spices were determined by GC/MS. Tunisian spices seem to contain more residues than Italian samples. Intake of these contaminants by spices is not a dangerous risk to the consumers. These pollutants could result from environmental pollution or agricultural practices.
Muffins Elaborated with Optimized Monoglycerides Oleogels: From Solid Fat Replacer Obtention to Product Quality Evaluation
Authors: Giacomozzi Anabella S. , Carrín María E. , Palla Camila A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study demonstrates the effectiveness of using oleogels from high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and monoglycerides as solid fat replacers in a sweet bakery product. Firstly, a methodology to obtain oleogels with desired properties based on mathematical models able to describe relationships between process and product characteristics variables followed by multi‐objective optimization was applied. Later, muffins were prepared with the optimized oleogels and their physicochemical and textural properties were compared with those of muffins formulated using a commercial margarine (Control) or only HOSO. Furthermore, the amount of oil released from muffins over time (1, 7, and 10 days) was measured to evaluate their stability. The replacement of commercial margarine with the optimized oleogels in muffin formulation led to the obtention of products with greater spreadability, higher specific volume, similar hardness values, and a more connected and homogeneous crumb structure. Moreover, these products showed a reduction of oil migration of around 50% in contrast to the Control muffins after 10 days of storage, which indicated that the optimized oleogels can be used satisfactorily to decrease oil loss in this sweet baked product. Fat replacement with the optimized monoglycerides oleogels not only had a positive impact on the quality of the muffins, but also allowed to improve their nutritional profile (without trans fat and low in saturated fat).Practical ApplicationThe food industry demands new ways to reduce the use of saturated and trans fats in food formulations. To contribute to this search, oleogels from high oleic sunflower oil and saturated monoglycerides were prepared under optimized conditions in order to obtain a product with similar functionality to margarine, and its potential application as a semisolid fat ingredient in muffins was evaluated. Muffins formulated with oleogels showed an improved quality compare with those obtained using a commercial margarine with the added benefit of a healthier nutritional profile.
The Influence of Scalded Flour, Fermentation, and Plants Belonging to Lamiaceae Family on the Wheat Bread Quality and Acrylamide Content
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Bartkevics Vadims , Krungleviciute Vita , Pugajeva Iveta , Zadeike Daiva , Juodeikiene Grazina , Cizeikiene Dalia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of additives such as plants belonging to Lamiaceae family (Thymus vulgaris, Carum carvi, Origanum vulgare, Ocimum basilicum, and Coriandrum sativum), scalded flour (SF) or scalded flour fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135 (SFFLp) on the quality and acrylamide formation in wheat bread. The formation of acrylamide and bread quality significantly depended on the king of plants used and the amount of SF and SFFLp used. The additives of T. vulgaris and SF increased the content of acrylamide by 3.4‐fold in comparison with bread prepared without SF, whereas the addition of SFFLp significantly reduced the content of acrylamide in bread, especially using 5% of SFFLp supplemented with O. vulgare and 15% of SFFLp supplemented with C. sativum (respectively by 40% and 29.4%) therefore could be recommended for safer bread production.Practical ApplicationThe addition of 5% (from total wheat flour content) of scalded wheat flour fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135 strain (SFFLp) with Origanum vulgare addition, and 5% or 10% of SFFLp prepared with Ocimum basilicum, and 15% of SFFLp prepared with Coriandrum sativum significantly reduce the content of acrylamide in wheat bread, therefore could be recommended for safer bread production.
High Intensity Ultrasound for Salmonella Enteritidis Inactivation in Culture and Liquid Whole Eggs
Authors: Techathuvanan Chayapa , D'Souza Doris Helen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh intensity ultrasound (HIU) continues to be researched as a nonthermal inactivation technology of appeal to food manufacturers. The advantages of HIU include maintenance of product quality, freshness, product homogenization, along with simultaneous inactivation of pathogens. Besides, it is simple, relatively inexpensive, and easily adaptable to most processing environments. This study investigated the effect of HIU for Salmonella Enteritidis inactivation in culture and liquid whole eggs (LWEs) to decrease egg‐associated outbreaks. Overnight S. Enteritidis cultures and spiked LWE (both at 8 log CFU/mL) were treated with 20‐kHz HIU for 0, 1, 5, 10, and 30 min (n = 6) in a temperature‐controlled system, not to exceed 20 °C, and replicated thrice. At each time point, samples were enumerated on XLT4 agar and morphologically analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, with measurements of color and rheological properties. Our results revealed significant reduction of healthy S. Enteritidis cells up to 3.6 log CFU/mL and 2.3 log CFU/25 mL after HIU treatment of merely 10 min of overnight culture and 30 min in LWE, respectively (P < 0.05). After 5 and 10‐min HIU treatment, significant reduction of 1.4‐log CFU/25 mL healthy S. Enteritidis in LWE was obtained (P < 0.05). Even at 1‐min exposure time, HIU showed significant 1.9 log CFU/mL reduction of cultures (P < 0.05); however, no log‐reduction was observed in LWE after 1 min. Scanning electron micrographs showed increased cell structural damage using longer HIU exposure. For product color changes, lower redness and yellowness of LWE were observed visually and instrumentally after 5‐min HIU treatment (P < 0.05). The rheological properties of LWE measured at 0 to 200 s−1 shear rate, showed that shear stress of HIU‐treated LWEs decreased after 5‐min HIU exposure, but increased after 30‐min treatment. This study demonstrated that HIU shows promise for rapid Salmonella control in LWE and other liquid foods, as an alternative inactivation method for use in hurdle approaches.
Randomized controlled trials define shape of dose response for Pollinex Quattro Birch allergoid immunotherapy
Authors: Worm M. , Higenbottam T. , Pfaar O. , Mösges R. , Aberer W. , Gunawardena K. , Wessiepe D. , Lee D. , Kramer M. F. , Skinner M. , Lees B. , Zielen S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Birch Allergoid, Tyrosine Adsorbate, Monophosphoryl Lipid A (POLLINEX® Quattro Plus 1.0 ml Birch 100%) is an effective, well‐tolerated short course subcutaneous immunotherapy. We performed 2 phase II studies to determine its optimal cumulative dose.MethodsThe studies were conducted in Germany, Austria and Poland (EudraCT numbers: 2012‐004336‐28 PQBirch203 and 2015‐000984‐15 PQBirch204) using a wide range of cumulative doses. In both studies, subjects were administered 6 therapy injections weekly outside the pollen season. Conjunctival Provocation Tests were performed at screening, baseline and 3‐4 weeks after completing treatment, to quantify the reduction in Total Symptom Scores (as the primary endpoint) with each cumulative dose. Multiple Comparison Procedure and Modeling analysis was used to test for the dose response, shape of the curve and estimation of the median effective dose (ED50), a measure of potency.ResultsStatistically significant dose responses (P < .01 & .001) were seen, respectively. The highest cumulative dose in PQBirch204 (27 300 standardized units [SU]) approached a plateau. Potency of the PQBirch was demonstrated by an ED50 2723 SU, just over half the current dose. Prevalence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was similar for active doses, most being short‐lived and mild. Compliance was over 85% in all groups.ConclusionIncreasing the cumulative dose of PQBirch 5.5‐fold from 5100 to 27 300 SU achieved an absolute point difference from placebo of 1.91, a relative difference 32.3% and an increase in efficacy of 50%, without compromising safety. The cumulative dose response was confirmed to be curvilinear in shape.
A comparative study of dietary habits and nutritional intakes among Korean adults according to current depression status
Authors: Seo Yuri , Je Youjin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionData regarding the association between depression and dietary factors in Korean adults are limited. We hypothesized that Korean men and women with depression would have poorer nutritional intakes and different dietary habits than those without depression.MethodsThis study was based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted during 2012 to 2014. Overall, 10 591 subjects (4308 men, 6529 women) aged 19 to 64 years were selected and categorized according to current depression status. Food and nutrient intakes were estimated using semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaires.ResultsCompared with non‐depression, depression was associated with a higher body mass index and likelihood of a separated/divorced/widowed status, in addition to lower physical activity and employment rates. After adjusting for multiple variables, men with depression had lower intakes of rice cakes (P = 0.017) and eggs (P = 0.039) and a higher intake of chocolate (P = 0.040) than their non‐depressed counterparts. Women with depression had a higher intake of carbonated drinks than those without depression (P = 0.015). However, the groups did not differ significantly in terms of nutrient intakes. A multivariable logistic regression analysis of dietary habits showed that depression correlated inversely with eating out (≥1 time/day vs <1 time/month) among men [odds ratio (OR) = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10–0.55] and women (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05–0.35) and positively with a lower number of daily meals (<3 vs ≥3) among women (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.01–2.11).DiscussionCurrent depression status was associated with differences in some specific dietary intakes and habits in a sample of Korean adults.