bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERFORMA BIO-ADSORBEN DAN KARBON AKTIF DALAM PROSES PEMURNIAN MINYAK JELANTAH PADA ALAT PROTOTYPE PORTABLE BIO-ADSORBER
Authors: Fadhilah Roza , Kurniasih Eka , Rayhani Zulfa 
Published: November 2024

Performa bio-adsorben arang ampas tebu dan karbon aktif komersial dalam memurnikan minyak jelantah pada alat Prototype Portable Bio-adsorber telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sebuah alat untuk proses pemurnian minyak jelantah dengan metode adsorbsi menggunakan bio-adsorben dan karbon aktif komersial sebagai sorben, guna diketahui performa dari masing-masing sorben dalam menurunkan kadar asam lemak bebas dan warna dari minyak jelantah pada Prototype Portable Bio-adsorber. Pada penelitian ini pengujian performa sorben dilakukan dengan cara melewatkan minyak ke dalam kolom Prototype Portable Bio-adsorber yang di dalamnya telah terisi bio-adsorben arang ampas tebu dan karbon aktif komersial pada prosesnya masing-masing. Kemudian minyak diuji kadar asam lemak bebas dan diamati perbedaan warnanya sebelum dan sesudah proses adsorbsi dengan masing-masing bioadsorben arang ampas tebu dan karbon aktif komersial. Hasil terbaik yang diperoleh dari penelitan ini adalah pemurnian minyak jelantah menggunakan bio-adsorben arang ampas tebu, dengan kadar asam lemak bebas sebesar 1,97 mg NaOH/g dan mereduksi warna dari minyak jelantah sehingga warna minyak jelantah lebih bening dari sebelum proses adsorbsi berlangsung. Akan tetapi hasil kadar asam lemak bebas yang diperoleh belum memenuhi Standar SNI 3741:2013 tentang Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng, oleh karena itu disarankan proses adsorbsi harus dilakukan secara kontinu untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih maksimal.Â Kata kunci : Bio-adsorben arang ampas tebu, minyak jelantah, Prototype Portable Bio-adsorber
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK BIJI KAPUK RANDU (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn) MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKTOR BERBANTU GELOMBANG MIKRO
Authors: Hartati Ninik Indah , Raesta Revy Andar , Saâ€™diyah Nayyifatus , Kurniasari Laeli 
Published: November 2024

Minyak biji kapuk adalah salah satu alternatif pengembangan sumber minyak nabati yang mempunyai nilai jual tinggi. Di Indonesia proses ekstraksi minyak biji kapuk masih secara konvensional dan memiliki beberapa kelemahan antara lain Â waktu ekstraksi yang lama, pemakaian pelarut yang bermacam-macam, harga pelarut yang relatif mahal, dan yield yang dihasilkanÂ sedikit. Dari penelitian yang telah ada, penggunaan ekstraktor dengan gelombang mikro menjadi salah satu alternatif proses dengan kebutuhan energi yang sedikit serta hasil yield yang banyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (i) mengetahui pengaruh variabel waktu ekstraksi terhadap hasil ekstrak. (ii) mengetahui pengaruh variabel rasio solute:solvent (m/v) terhadap hasil ekstrak. (iii) mengetahui hasil analisa Free Fatty Acid (FFA) terhadap hasil ekstrak. (iv) mengetahui hasil analisa angka bilangan penyabunan terhadap hasil ekstrak. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap. Tahap petama yaitu proses ekstraksi menggunakan gelombang mikro dengan variabel berubah adalah waktu 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 menit serta rasio solute:solvent 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:35, 1:40 (m/v) menggunakan campuran solvent 5%etanol:95% n-hexane. Tahap kedua yaitu pemisahan minyak dari solvent dengan menggunakan metode destilasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil ekstraksi terbaik diperoleh dari lama waktu ekstraksi 15 menit, rasio solute:solvent 1:30 (m/v) dengan yield 33.53%, nilai FFA 1.49% dan angka bilangan penyabunan 141.147 mgKOH.Â Kata kunci : Biji Kapuk, Gelombang Mikro, Minyak.
PENGARUH KEBIASAAN MEROKOK TERHADAP KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Wijayanti Reni , Sumardiyono Sumardiyono , Probandari Ari 
Published: November 2024

Kebiasaan merokok merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab kejadian hipertensi pada masyarakat, dan sampai sekarang hipertensi masih menjadi permasalahan besar di Indonesia dengan prevalensi 25,5%. Hasil-hasil penelitian yang sudah ada masih terdapat beda pendapat mengenai pengaruh kebiasaan merokok terhadap kejadian hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebiasaan merokok terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada masyarakat di kecamatan Jaten kabupaten Karanganyar. Populasi penelitian adalah masyarakat di kecamatan Jaten kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian dilakukan bulan November 2017. Teknik sampling menggunakan purposive quota sampling. Kriteria inklusinya masyarakat yang tinggal di kecamatan Jaten kabupaten Karanganyar berusia 18 tahun atau lebih, dan sedang berobat ke Puskesmas di daerahnya. Data kebiasaan merokok dan kejadian hipertensi merupakan data sekunder yang diambil dari Puskesmas yang ada di kecamatan Jaten kabupaten Karanganyar. Analisis data menggunakan Chi Square Test dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Perhitungan menggunakan software SPSS versi 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebiasaan merokok berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi, dan pada orang yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok memiliki risiko 7,4 kali lebih besar dibanding dengan orang tidak memiliki kebiasaan merokok untuk mengalami kejadian hipertensi.Â Kata kunci : kebiasaan merokok, hipertensi, masyarakat
EFEKTIVITAS PROPORSI PELARUT UNTUK EKSTRAKSI DAUN WANGON (Olax psittacorum (Wild.) Vahl.) DALAM MENGHASILKAN FITOKONSTITUEN YANG BERPOTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Harjanti Reslely , Aisiyah Siti , Nopiyanti Vivin 
Published: November 2024

Wangon (Olax psittacorum (Wild.) Vahl.) adalah jenis tumbuhan liar yang terdapat di daerah hutan jati dan banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lokal sebagai bahan pangan terutama pada musim paceklik. Daun wangon mengandung senyawa polifenol diantaranya flavonoid yang mampu menghambat autooksidasi melalui mekanisme penangkapan radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari proporsi pelarut etanol yang food grade dan efektif mengekstraksi fitokonstituen antioksidan dalam daun wangon. Penelitian ini menggunakan pelarut etanol dengan konsentrasi 50%, 70% dan 96%. Daun wangon dibuat serbuk kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode soxhletasi hingga diperoleh ekstrak kental yang siap diuji aktivitas antioksidannya. Setelah itu ekstrak diuji aktivitas antioksidannya dan diidentifikasi dan ditetapkan kadar senyawa yang diduga aktif sebagai senyawa antioksidan di antaranya flavonoid dan fenolik total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi pelarut yang paling baik untuk mengekstraksi daun wangon supaya mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan terbesar adalah dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Hal ini dibuktikan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 71,27 ppm lebih baik daripada ekstrak etanol 50% dan 70%.Â Ekstrak etanolÂ 96% juga mempunyai kandungan flavonoid dan fenolik total terbesar yaitu 99,44Â±1,27mg QE/g sampel dan 121,66Â±1,39 mg GAE/g sampel. Kandungan fitokonstituen flavonoid dan fenolik total dalam ekstrak mempunyai korelasi linier dan sangat terkait dengan aktivitas antioksidannya.Â Kata kunci : antioksidan, Â daun wangon, DPPH,Â etanol, Â proporsi pelarut
IDENTIFIKASI BAHAYA DAN PENILAIAN RISIKO BAHAYA DI PABRIK TAHU
Authors: Dewi Aprilia Kusuma , Larasati Galuh , Ardiani Rizka Fitri , Sumardiyono Sumardiyono , Wijayanti Reni , Susilowati Susilowati 
Published: November 2024

Pabrik Tahu merupakan salah satu industri nonformal yang mempunyai berbagai risiko bahaya dalam setiap tahapan proses produksinya. Oleh karena itu aspek Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) perlu dijadikan perhatian industri nonfomal ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya serta menilai risiko bahaya di Pabrik Tahu X Kecamatan Jatisrono Kabupaten Wonogiri. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, dengan observasi secara langsung dan didukung dengan studi literatur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah semi kuantitatif.Â Identifikasi bahaya dilakukan dengan pengamatan secara langsung pada setiap tahapan proses pembuatan tahu, selanjutnya dilakukan penilaian risiko melalui fungsi perkalian antara probability dan severity yang menghasilkan tingkat risiko. Dari hasil penilaian risiko tersebut dapat dilakukan pengendalian risiko secara teknik, administratif, dan pemakaian alat pelindung diri. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan potensi bahaya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lantai, layout kerja, peralatan kerja yang digunakan dan lingkungan kerja, sebagian besar potensi bahaya adalah tingkat risiko medium, namun tingkat risiko paling tinggi pada kategori high yang ditemukan pada potensi meledaknya boiler.Â Kata kunci : indenfikasi bahaya, pabrik tahu, penilaian risiko, pengendalian risiko
Prevalence and associated risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in community households in Lanzhou city
Authors: Zhou Ju-Kun , Zheng Ya , Wang Yu-Ping , Ji Rui 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infection exhibits a familial clustering phenomenon.
AIM
To investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection, identify associated factors, and analyze patterns of transmission within families residing in the community.
METHODS
From July 2021 to September 2021, a total of 191 families (519 people) in two randomly chosen community health service centers in the Chengguan District of Lanzhou in Gansu Province, were recruited to fill out questionnaires and tested for H. pylori infection. Individuals were followed up again from April 2023 and June 2023 to test for H. pylori infection. The relationship between variables and H. pylori infection was analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models.
RESULTS
In 2021, the individual-based H. pylori infection rate was found to be 47.0% (244/519), which decreased to 38.1% (177/464) in 2023. Additionally, the rate of individual-based H. pylori new infection was 22.8% (55/241). The family-based H. pylori infection rate in 2021 was 76.9% (147/191), which decreased to 67.1% (116/173) in 2023, and the rate of family-based H. pylori new infection was 38.6% (17/44). Individual H. pylori infection was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), eating food that was excessively hot, frequent acid reflux, bloating, and halitosis symptoms, and negatively correlated with family size and nut consumption. New individual H. pylori infection was positively correlated with BMI, other types of family structures, drinking purified water, and frequent heartburn symptoms, while negatively correlated with the use of refrigerators and following a regular eating schedule. A larger living area was an independent protective factor for H. pylori infection in households. Frequently consuming excessively hot food and symptoms of halitosis were independent risk factors for H. pylori infection in individuals; frequent consumption of nuts was an independent protective factor for H. pylori infection. Other types of family structure, drinking purified water, and frequent heartburn symptoms were independent risk factors for new individual H. pylori infection; the use of a refrigerator was an independent protective factor for new H. pylori infections.
CONCLUSION
The household H. pylori infection rate in Lanzhou is relatively high and linked to socio-demographic factors and lifestyles. Eradication efforts and control of related risk factors are recommended in the general population.
A Panel of Cultures of Cancer and Normal Lung Cells with a Characterized Expression of PD-L1 to Search and Development of the Target Modifiers of Immunotherapy
Authors: Bogush T. A. , Grishanina A. N. , Scherbakov A. M. , Khochenkov D. A. , Yunusova R. Yu. , Kalyuzhny S. A. , Kosorukov V. S. 
Published: November 2024

Background. The search for eﬀective combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors with common cytostatics, targeted cancer drugs and other treatments is a modern trend to improve the eﬀectiveness of immunotherapy.Purpose. Development of a panel of lung cancer cell cultures and cells of normal lung tissue with a characterized molecular phenotype by expression of one of the targets of immunotherapy — programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1).Methods. PD-L1 expression was quantitatively analyzed by immunoﬂuorescence method associated with ﬂow cytometry.Results. A panel of lung cancer cell cultures of diﬀerent histotypes and cells of normal lung tissue with characterized molecular phenotype was formed according to the expression of the immunotherapy target PD-L1. In terms of PD-L1 expression intensity, cell cultures can be arranged in a series: Calu-1 HFL-1 Calu-6 Wi-26 A-549 H-596 H-211, with a 7-fold diﬀerence in the index between Calu-1 and H-211.Conclusion. The panel of cultures of cancer and normal lung cells is recommended for the search and development of eﬀective modiﬁers of the immunotherapy target PD-L1.
Dynamics of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels in the Novel Coronavirus Infection COVID-19
Authors: Sabitov A. U. , Khamanova Yu. B. , Moskaleva Yu. N. , Kamaev E. Yu. , Kuznetsov P. L. , Medvedeva M. D. 
Published: November 2024

Background. It has been established that metalloproteinase-9 (hereinafter MMP-9) is the most inducible enzyme of the metalloproteinase family. It regulates the migration of leukocytes to the site of inflammation, participates in the stimulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions and, thus, can act as an accessible biomarker of pulmonary matrix damage.The aim of the study was to evaluate MPP-9 levels and their relationship with systemic immunity indicators in the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 during treatment with various antiviral drugs.Materials and methods. The study included patients aged 35–69 years (N=25) diagnosed with novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases Inpatient Department of the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region City Clinical Hospital No. 40, Yekaterinburg, who were divided into two groups depending on antiviral therapy: group 1 (N=15) received favipiravir, group 2 (N=10) received riamilovir (trade name Triazavirin ®).Results. There was a 2-fold reduction in the duration of dyspnea (P<0.05), catarrhal symptoms — by 2.7 times, fever — by 1.3 times (P<0.05) among patients receiving riamilovir compared to patients receiving favipiravir. Against the background of riamilovir therapy, there was a dynamic increase in the level of leukocytes and CD 3+ lymphocytes by 1.9 times (P<0.05) and an increase in the level of MMP-9 by 3 times (P<0.05) compared to the initial indicators. Correlations were found between the level of MMP-9 and a reduction in the duration of the following clinical manifestations: dyspnea (R=0.5, P<0.001), respiratory failure (R=0.4, P<0.001), fever (R=0.4, P<0.001), as well as the level of lymphocytes (R=0.6, P<0.001), CD 4+ and CD 3+ lymphocytes (R=0.6 (P<0.001) and R=0.7 (P<0.001), respectively).Conclusions. A direct relationship between MMP-9 and clinical manifestations of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, as well as indicators of systemic immunity, has been established.
Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of the Combined Vector Vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Muravyeva N. V. , Belov B. S. , Gridneva G. I. , Aronova E. S. , Verizhnikova Z. G. , Samarkina E. Yu. 
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the combined vector vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac and to determine the risk factors for the development of adverse events (AEs) in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD).Patients and methods. The present study consisted of a retrospective and prospective parts, which included 295 and 42 patients with RD, as well as 113 and 57 healthy controls, respectively. Information about efficacy was obtained from 291 patients with RD and 146 controls, which was assessed by the incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases from 31 to 365 days after vaccination. The concentration of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was assessed by enzyme immunoassay in a prospective cohort at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after administration of the second component of the vaccine. Safety was studied in all participants based on the incidence of AEs and exacerbation of underlying RD.Results. After vaccination, 29 (9.97%) cases of COVID-19 were recorded in patients with RD, 27 of them were mild, and 2 required hospitalization, all cases ended in recovery. Treatment with rituximab before vaccination increased the risk of developing COVID-19 by 2.3 times. A sig-nificant increase in antibody titers was observed after 1, 3, and 12 months after full immunization in patients with RD (P<0.006 for all points). AEs were absent in 40.72% of patients with RD and 24.71% healthy controls, P<0.001. Exacerbations of RD were registered in 2 (0.6%) cases. The risk of developing local and systemic AEs (depending on the administered component) was increased in women, patients under the age of 60 year, with a duration of RD less than 10 years, and methotrexate therapy (P<0.016 for all cases).Conclusions. According to the data obtained, the use of Gam-COVID-Vac in patients with RD is characterized by good efficacy, sufficient immunogenicity, and safety.
Optimization Employee Performance Through Role Work Life Balance And Work Environment
Authors: Fikri Muchammad , Wahyu Utomo Kabul , Hidayah Zainur 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance and work environment on employee performance, with job satisfaction and organizational commitment as intervening variables. Data collection in this study was conducted through a survey approach with a descriptive quantitative research type, by distributing questionnaires to 103 respondents. The data analysis tool used in this study is SmartPLS 4.0. The results of this study indicate that, partially, work-life balance and job satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on performance. Partially, the work environment and organizational commitment have a positive but not significant effect on performance. Partially, work-life balance and work environment have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Work-life balance has a positive but not significant effect on organizational commitment. The work environment has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Job satisfaction mediates the effect of work-life balance on performance and the effect of the work environment on performance. Organizational commitment does not mediate the effect of work-life balance on performance nor the effect of the work environment on performance.

Keyword: Work Life Balance, Work Environment, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Employee Performance
Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: Abdollahi S. , Baldini L. , Barbiellini G. , Bellazzini R. , Berenji B. , Bissaldi E. , Blandford R. D. , Bonino R. , Bruel P. , Buson S. , Cameron R. A. , Caraveo P. A. , Casaburo F. , Cavazzuti E. , Cheung C. C. , Chiaro G. , Ciprini S. , Cozzolongo G. , Cristarella Orestano P. , Cutini S. , D’Ammando F. , Di Lalla N. , Dirirsa F. , Di Venere L. , Domínguez A. , Fegan S. J. , Ferrara E. C. , Fiori A. , Fukazawa Y. , Funk S. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Garrappa S. , Gasparrini D. , Germani S. , Giglietto N. , Giordano F. , Giroletti M. , Green D. , Grenier I. A. , Guiriec S. , Hays E. , Horan D. , Kuss M. , Larsson S. , Laurenti M. , Li J. , Liodakis I. , Longo F. , Loparco F. , Lott B. , Lovellette M. N. , Lubrano P. , Maldera S. , Malyshev D. , Manfreda A. , Marcotulli L. , Martí-Devesa G. , Mazziotta M. N. , Mereu I. , Michelson P. F. , Mitthumsiri W. , Mizuno T. , Monzani M. E. , Morselli A. , Moskalenko I. V. , Negro M. , Omodei N. , Orienti M. , Orlando E. , Ormes J. F. , Paneque D. , Perri M. , Persic M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Porter T. A. , Principe G. , Rainò S. , Rando R. , Rani B. , Razzano M. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Saz Parkinson P. M. , Scotton L. , Serini D. , Sesana A. , Sgrò C. , Siskind E. J. , Spandre G. , Spinelli P. , Suson D. J. , Tajima H. , Takahashi M. N. , Tak D. , Thayer J. B. , Thompson D. J. , Torres D. F. , Valverde J. , Verrecchia F. , Zaharijas G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A 2.1 yr periodic oscillation of the gamma-ray flux from the blazar PG 1553+113 has previously been tentatively identified in ∼7 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. After 15 yr of Fermi sky-survey observations, doubling the total time range, we report >7 cycle gamma-ray modulation with an estimated significance of 4σ against stochastic red noise. Independent determinations of oscillation period and phase in the earlier and the new data are in close agreement (chance probability <0.01). Pulse timing over the full light curve is also consistent with a coherent periodicity. Multiwavelength new data from Swift X-Ray Telescope, Burst Alert Telescope, and UVOT, and from KAIT, Catalina Sky Survey, All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, and Owens Valley Radio Observatory ground-based observatories as well as archival Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer satellite-All Sky Monitor data, published optical data of Tuorla, and optical historical Harvard plates data are included in our work. Optical and radio light curves show clear correlations with the gamma-ray modulation, possibly with a nonconstant time lag for the radio flux. We interpret the gamma-ray periodicity as possibly arising from a pulsational accretion flow in a sub-parsec binary supermassive black hole system of elevated mass ratio, with orbital modulation of the supplied material and energy in the jet. Other astrophysical scenarios introduced include instabilities, disk and jet precession, rotation or nutation, and perturbations by massive stars or intermediate-mass black holes in polar orbit.
Revealing the Elusive Companion of the Red Giant Binary 2MASS J05215658+4359220 from UV HST and Astrosat/UVIT Data
Authors: Bianchi Luciana , Hutchings John , Bohlin Ralph , Thilker David , Berti Emanuele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Black hole (BH) demographics in different environments is critical in view of recent results on massive star binarity, and of the multimessenger detectability of compact object mergers. But the identification and characterization of noninteracting BHs are elusive, especially in the sparse field stellar population. A candidate noninteractive BH + red giant (RG) binary system, 2MASS J05215658+4359220, was identified by T. A. Thompson et al. We obtained Astrosat/UVIT far-ultraviolet (FUV) imaging and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV−optical imaging and spectroscopy of the source to test possible scenarios for the optically elusive companion. HST/STIS spectra from ≈1600 to 10230 Å are best fit by the combination of two stellar sources, a RG with T
eff = 4250 ± 150 K, log g = 2.0, R
RG ∼ 27.8 R
⊙ (assuming a single-temperature atmosphere), and a subgiant companion with T
eff = 6000 K, R
comp = 2.7 R
⊙, or T
eff = 5270 K, R
comp = 4.2 R
⊙ using models with one-tenth or one-third solar metallicity, respectively, log g = 3.0, extinction E

B−V
= 0.50 ± 0.2, adopting the Data Release 3 Gaia distance D = 2463 ± 120 pc. No FUV data existed prior to our programs. STIS spectra give an upper limit of 10−17 erg cm−2 s−1 Å−1 shortwards of 2300 Å; an upper limit of ≳25.7 ABmag was obtained in two UVIT FUV broad bands. The nondetection of FUV flux rules out a compact companion such as a hot white dwarf. The STIS spectrum shows strong Mg ii
λ2800 Å emission, typical of chromospherically active RGs. The masses inferred by comparison with evolutionary tracks, ∼1M
⊙ for the RG and between 1.1 and 1.6 M
⊙ for the subgiant companion, suggest past mass transfer, although the RG currently does not fill its Roche lobe. WFC3 imaging in F218W, F275W, F336W, F475W, and F606W shows an unresolved source in all filters.