bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Water Physiological Integration and its Ecological Significance for Populus euphratica Young Ramets in an Extremely Drought Environment
Authors: Zhu C. G. , Li W. H. , Chen Y. N. , Chen Y. P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWater physiological integration plays an important role and has profound effects on the population renewal and expansion of clonal plants. This work discussed the spatial distribution architecture, water sources, water physiological integration, and the ecological significance of Populus euphratica young ramets in an extremely drought environment based on field investigation, stable isotope technology, and eco‐physiological experiments. The spatial distribution architecture of P. euphratica young ramets assumes a guerrilla growth form that is adapted to significant heterogeneity and patches of habitat resources. There is obvious water integration that is characterized by an acropetally flow. The water integration process and daily flow showed the bimodal pattern following the physiological rhythm of parent trees and declined with increasing length of spacers connecting parent trees and their young daughter ramets. The young daughter ramets of P. euphratica can use the deeper soil water in a similar manner to the parent trees and obtain an average daily water acquisition of about 1.09 kg by water integration when the spacer length is about 2–3 m. It is about 5 times as much water as seedlings sucking by themselves. This lets young ramets maintain higher leaf water content and midday leaf water potential of 10.27% and 29.73%, respectively, than seedlings in same habitats. Therefore, P. euphratica young ramets can benefit from a higher survival advantage in extreme drought habitats compared to seedlings. This facilitates the establishment and growth of young ramets in those adverse habitats where P. euphratica seedlings are less likely to survive.
Viewpoint and practical recommendations from a movement disorder specialist panel on objective measurement in the clinical management of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Odin Per , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Volkmann Jens , Antonini Angelo , Storch Alexander , Dietrichs Espen , Pirtošek Zvezdan , Henriksen Tove , Horne Malcolm , Devos David , Bergquist Filip 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMotor aspects of Parkinson’s disease, such as fluctuations and dyskinesia, can be reliably evaluated using a variety of “wearable” technologies, but practical guidance on objective measurement (OM) and the optimum use of these devices is lacking. Therefore, as a first step, a panel of movement disorder specialists met to provide guidance on how OM could be assessed and incorporated into clinical guidelines. A key aspect of the incorporation of OM into the management of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defining cutoff values that separate “controlled” from “uncontrolled” symptoms that can be modified by therapy and that relate to an outcome that is relevant to the person with PD (such as quality of life). Defining cutoffs by consensus, which can be subsequently tested and refined, is the first step to optimizing OM in the management of PD. OM should be used by all clinicians that treat people with PD but the least experienced may find the most value, but this requires guidance from experts to allow non-experts to apply guidelines. While evidence is gained for devices that produce OM, expert opinion is needed to supplement the evidence base.
Automated optimization of large quantum circuits with continuous parameters
Authors: Nam Yunseong , Ross Neil J. , Su Yuan , Childs Andrew M. , Maslov Dmitri 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe develop and implement automated methods for optimizing quantum circuits of the size and type expected in quantum computations that outperform classical computers. We show how to handle continuous gate parameters and report a collection of fast algorithms capable of optimizing large-scale quantum circuits. For the suite of benchmarks considered, we obtain substantial reductions in gate counts. In particular, we provide better optimization in significantly less time than previous approaches, while making minimal structural changes so as to preserve the basic layout of the underlying quantum algorithms. Our results help bridge the gap between the computations that can be run on existing hardware and those that are expected to outperform classical computers.
Pb(II) Induces Scramblase Activation and Ceramide-Domain Generation in Red Blood Cells
Authors: Ahyayauch Hasna , García-Arribas Aritz B. , Sot Jesús , González-Ramírez Emilio J. , Busto Jon V. , Monasterio Bingen G. , Jiménez-Rojo Noemi , Contreras F. Xabier , Rendón-Ramírez Adela , Martin Cesar , Alonso Alicia , Goñi Félix M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms of Pb(II) toxicity have been studied in human red blood cells using confocal microscopy, immunolabeling, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and atomic force microscopy. The process follows a sequence of events, starting with calcium entry, followed by potassium release, morphological change, generation of ceramide, lipid flip-flop and finally cell lysis. Clotrimazole blocks potassium channels and the whole process is inhibited. Immunolabeling reveals the generation of ceramide-enriched domains linked to a cell morphological change, while the use of a neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor greatly delays the process after the morphological change, and lipid flip-flop is significantly reduced. These facts point to three major checkpoints in the process: first the upstream exchange of calcium and potassium, then ceramide domain formation, and finally the downstream scramblase activation necessary for cell lysis. In addition, partial non-cytotoxic cholesterol depletion of red blood cells accelerates the process as the morphological change occurs faster. Cholesterol could have a role in modulating the properties of the ceramide-enriched domains. This work is relevant in the context of cell death, heavy metal toxicity and sphingolipid signaling.
Scalable and accurate deep learning with electronic health records
Authors: Rajkomar Alvin , Oren Eyal , Chen Kai , Dai Andrew M. , Hajaj Nissan , Hardt Michaela , Liu Peter J. , Liu Xiaobing , Marcus Jake , Sun Mimi , Sundberg Patrik , Yee Hector , Zhang Kun , Zhang Yi , Flores Gerardo , Duggan Gavin E. , Irvine Jamie , Le Quoc , Litsch Kurt , Mossin Alexander , Tansuwan Justin , Wang De , Wexler James , Wilson Jimbo , Ludwig Dana , Volchenboum Samuel L. , Chou Katherine , Pearson Michael , Madabushi Srinivasan , Shah Nigam H. , Butte Atul J. , Howell Michael D. , Cui Claire , Corrado Greg S. , Dean Jeffrey 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPredictive modeling with electronic health record (EHR) data is anticipated to drive personalized medicine and improve healthcare quality. Constructing predictive statistical models typically requires extraction of curated predictor variables from normalized EHR data, a labor-intensive process that discards the vast majority of information in each patient’s record. We propose a representation of patients’ entire raw EHR records based on the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) format. We demonstrate that deep learning methods using this representation are capable of accurately predicting multiple medical events from multiple centers without site-specific data harmonization. We validated our approach using de-identified EHR data from two US academic medical centers with 216,221 adult patients hospitalized for at least 24 h. In the sequential format we propose, this volume of EHR data unrolled into a total of 46,864,534,945 data points, including clinical notes. Deep learning models achieved high accuracy for tasks such as predicting: in-hospital mortality (area under the receiver operator curve [AUROC] across sites 0.93–0.94), 30-day unplanned readmission (AUROC 0.75–0.76), prolonged length of stay (AUROC 0.85–0.86), and all of a patient’s final discharge diagnoses (frequency-weighted AUROC 0.90). These models outperformed traditional, clinically-used predictive models in all cases. We believe that this approach can be used to create accurate and scalable predictions for a variety of clinical scenarios. In a case study of a particular prediction, we demonstrate that neural networks can be used to identify relevant information from the patient’s chart.
The Receptive–Expressive Gap in English Narratives of Spanish–English Bilingual Children With and Without Language Impairment
Authors: Gibson Todd A. , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeFirst, we sought to extend our knowledge of second language (L2) receptive compared to expressive narrative skills in bilingual children with and without primary language impairment (PLI). Second, we sought to explore whether narrative receptive and expressive performance in bilingual children's L2 differed based on the type of contextual support.MethodIn a longitudinal group study, 20 Spanish–English bilingual children with PLI were matched by sex, age, nonverbal IQ score, and language exposure to 20 bilingual peers with typical development and administered the Test of Narrative Language (Gillam & Pearson, 2004) in English (their L2) at kindergarten and first grade.ResultsStandard scores were significantly lower for bilingual children with PLI than those without PLI. An L2 receptive–expressive gap existed for bilingual children with PLI at kindergarten but dissipated by first grade. Using single pictures during narrative generation compared to multiple pictures during narrative generation or no pictures during narrative retell appeared to minimize the presence of a receptive–expressive gap.ConclusionsIn early stages of L2 learning, bilingual children with PLI have an L2 receptive–expressive gap, but their typical development peers do not. Using a single picture during narrative generation might be advantageous for this population because it minimizes a receptive–expressive gap.
Prosodic Boundary Effects on Syntactic Disambiguation in Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Fortunato-Tavares Talita , Schwartz Richard G. , Marton Klara , de Andrade Claudia F. , Houston Derek 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThis study investigated prosodic boundary effects on the comprehension of attachment ambiguities in children with cochlear implants (CIs) and normal hearing (NH) and tested the absolute boundary hypothesis and the relative boundary hypothesis. Processing speed was also investigated.MethodFifteen children with NH and 13 children with CIs (ages 8–12 years) who are monolingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese participated in a computerized comprehension task with sentences containing prepositional phrase attachment ambiguity and manipulations of prosodic boundaries.ResultsChildren with NH and children with CIs differed in how they used prosodic forms to disambiguate sentences. Children in both groups provided responses consistent with half of the predictions of the relative boundary hypothesis. The absolute boundary hypothesis did not characterize the syntactic disambiguation of children with CIs. Processing speed was similar in both groups.ConclusionsChildren with CIs do not use prosodic information to disambiguate sentences or to facilitate comprehension of unambiguous sentences similarly to children with NH. The results suggest that cross-linguistic differences may interact with syntactic disambiguation. Prosodic contrasts that affect sentence comprehension need to be addressed directly in intervention with children with CIs.
Herzinsuffizienz bei niedrigem BNP-Wert: Paradoxon oder Wegweiser?
Authors: Dopp Henning , Maagh Petra , Meissner Axel 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Wir berichten über einen 48-jährigen Patienten indischer Abstammung, der sich mit Luftnot, Beinödemen und Aszitesbildung in unserer Notaufnahme vorstellte.Im Vorjahr war die Diagnose einer tuberkulösen Pleuritis bioptisch gesichert und leitliniengerecht behandelt worden.
Untersuchungen In der Computertomografie des Herzens zeigte sich eine Perikardverdickung mit punktuellen Verkalkungen. Die Echokardiografie und invasive Druckmessung lieferten keine eindeutigen Befunde in Bezug auf eine Pericarditis constrictiva. Eine koronare Makroangiopathie konnte ausgeschlossen werden. Laborchemisch fiel, trotz schwerer kardialer Dekompensation, ein niedriger BNP-Wert auf.
Diagnose Vor dem Hintergrund des wegweisenden niedrigen BNP-Wertes stellten wir die Verdachtsdiagnose einer Pericarditis constrictiva.
Therapie und Verlauf Nach intraoperativer Diagnosesicherung durch unsere kardiochirurgischen Kollegen erfolgte eine komplette Perikardektomie. Postoperativ stellte sich der Patient beschwerdefrei und mit normaler Belastbarkeit zur Nachuntersuchung vor.
Folgerung Im Fall von inkongruenten Befunden kann ein niedriger BNP-Wert ein zusätzliches hilfreiches Kriterium zur Diagnosestellung der Pericarditis constrictiva darstellen.
Structural and Functional Changes in Maternal Heart during Pregnancy: An Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Kasula Sunanda , Beeram Sumalatha , Janapati Ramakrishna , Garre Indrani 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background Pregnancy is associated with profound physiologic alterations in the maternal cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate maternal cardiac performance during normal pregnancy by two-dimensional echocardiography parameters and various functional and structural alterations.
Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 100 normal pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic, and all participants had clinical history, physical examination, and 12-lead electrocardiogram. Two-dimensional, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography was done. Echocardiographic parameters were compared with normal age-matched controls from previously published studies.
Results The mean age of the study group was 23.35 ± 3.05 years, mean systolic blood pressure was 110.5 ± 8.69 mm Hg, and mean diastolic blood pressure was 71.6 ± 6.77 mm Hg. There was an increase in left atrial (LA) diameter, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, and interventricular septum (IVS) thickness as gestational age advanced. There was a gradual decrease in E-wave velocity, and E/A ratio increased during the second trimester and decreased during the third trimester. The E-wave deceleration time increased with gestational age There was no statistically significant difference between IVS thickness and E/A ratio (p = 1.000).
Conclusion Cardiac chamber dimensions, LV wall thickness, and LA size, most indices of systolic function although within normal range, were significantly higher in pregnant Asian Indian women than in the controls. This study shows that the subtle reduction in myocardial compliance appears as an adaptive response to changes of preload, afterload, and LV geometry.
Coronal Knee Malalignment in Young Adults and Its Link to Body Measures
Authors: Hershkovich Oded , Thein Ran , Gordon Barak , Burstein Gideon , Tenenbaum Shay , Derazne Estela , Tzur Dorit , Afek Arnon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOur aim was to report the prevalence of knee varus-valgus malalignment (KVVM) and its association with body mass index (BMI) and body height in a healthy and fit young adult population. Information on the disability codes associated with KVVM according to the Regulations of Medical Fitness Determination was retrieved from a medical database containing records of 17-year-old males and females before their recruitment into mandatory military service. Logistic regression models assessed the association between the BMI and body height to KVVM. The study cohort included 821,381 subjects (460,674 males and 360,707 females). The prevalence of KVVM was 0.9% in males and 0.6% for females. Under/overweight subjects were associated with higher prevalence of KVVM. The odds ratios (ORs) had a “J” curve pattern, increasing for underweight males and females, and even more so for above-normal BMIs (for obese males and for both overweight and obese females). The strongest association was between obese females and KVVM: an obese female had an OR of 22.864 (confidence interval [CI] = 20.683–25.725, p < 0.001) to have KVVM and an obese male had an OR of 4.483 (CI = 4.158–4.833 p < 0.001). When the BMI was analyzed as a continuous variable, each increase in one BMI unit was associated with an increase in OR of 7.6% for males and 24.1% for females. There is a strong association between BMI and KVVM in both underweight and overweight young adults. KVVM is more common in males, but most strongly associated with overweight and obese females.This is a Level III, case–control study.
Arzneimittel zur Gewichtsreduktion
Authors: Engeli S. 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Arzneimitteln zur Gewichtsreduktion wird in den Leitlinien der Deutschen Adipositas-Gesellschaft klar geregelt. Als adjuvante Therapie zusätzlich zu Interventionen bei Ernährung, Bewegung und Verhalten können sichere und wirksame Arzneimittel zur Gewichtsreduktion zur Anwendung kommen. Der Artikel fasst die Indikationsstellung zusammen und zeigt die derzeitige Situation in Deutschland auf, wo aktuell drei Arzneimittel(kombinationen) die geforderten Kriterien von Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit erfüllen (Orlistat, Liraglutid, Naltrexon+Bupropion). Weitere, nur in den USA zugelassene Arzneimittel werden beschrieben (Lorcaserin, Phentermin+Topiramat). Zuletzt wird die derzeitige Erstattungssituation in Deutschland im Bereich der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen dargestellt.
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel: Bedeutung in der ärztlichen Praxis
Authors: Bakhiya Nadiya , Richter Klaus , Ziegenhagen Rainer , Hirsch-Ernst Karen , Lampen Alfonso 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFood supplements in Europe are subject to food safety legislation. They should not be confused with pharmaceuticals. Rather, they are foods, whose purpose is to supplement the normal diet, and represent concentrated sources of nutrients (i. e. vitamins and minerals, including trace elements) or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect. Nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that consumers may in some cases use food supplements for the purpose of self-medication. In the context of anamnesis, physicians should specifically question their patients about the use of food supplements. This can be of significant relevance for evaluation of possible undesirable or adverse effects, influences on laboratory parameters, or interactions with pharmaceuticals, which may be due to consumption of certain products that are marketed as food supplements. Furthermore, education of patients with respect to the possible benefits and risks related to the use of vitamins, minerals and other constituents of food supplements should be intensified.
Der Gendergap in der medizinischen Spitzenforschung
Authors: Bendels Michael , Wanke Eileen , Benik Steffen , Schehadat Marc , Schöffel Norman , Bauer Jan , Gerber Alexander , Brüggmann Dörthe , Oremek Gerhard , Groneberg David 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Integration weiblicher Akademiker anhand ihrer Repräsentation in wissenschaftlichen Autorenschaften im Bereich der medizinischen Spitzenforschung für die Jahre 2008 bis September 2017 zu objektivieren.
Methode Insgesamt wurden 133 893 Autorenschaften aus 7 der einflussreichsten medizinischen Fachjournale analysiert. Kernmethodik war die kombinierte Analyse der relativen Häufigkeiten, Odds Ratios und Zitationen weiblicher Autorenschaften. Der Prestige-Index misst die Verteilung prestigeträchtiger Autorenschaften zwischen beiden Geschlechtern.
Ergebnisse 35,0 % aller Autorenschaften und 34,3 % der Erst-, 36,1 % der Co- und 24,2 % der Letzt-Autorenschaften werden von Frauen gehalten. Frauen besitzen bezogen auf Männer eine Odds Ratio von 0,97 (KI: 0,93 – 1,01) für Erst-, 1,36 (KI: 1,32 – 1,40) für Co- und 0,57 (KI: 0,54 – 0,60) für Letzt-Autorenschaften. Der Anteil weiblicher Autorenschaften besitzt eine durchschnittliche jährliche Wachstumsrate von 1,3 % (total) und 0,5 % für Erst-, 1,2 % für Co- und 0,8 % für Letzt-Autorenschaften. Frauen sind auf prestigeträchtigen Autorenschaften unterrepräsentiert (Prestige Index = –0,38). Die weibliche Unterrepräsentation akzentuiert in zitationsstarken Artikeln mit hochkompetitiven Autorenschaften (Artikel mit vielen Autoren, Artikel aus hochrenommierten Fachjournalen). Multi-Autoren-Artikel mit männlichen Erst- und Letztautoren werden signifikant häufiger zitiert als jene mit weiblichen Schlüsselautoren. Die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede in den Zitationsraten sind umso größer, je mehr Autoren an einem Artikel beteiligt sind. Frauen publizieren weniger als Männer (39,6 % weibliche Autoren halten 35,0 % der Autorenschaften) und sind ab einem Produktivitätsniveau von mehr als einem Artikel pro Autor relativ unterrepräsentiert. Es finden sich deutliche länderspezifische Unterschiede.
Schlussfolgerung Die medizinische Spitzenforschung ist charakterisiert durch wenige, als Letzt-Autor agierende Gruppenleiterinnen und viele weibliche Co- und Erst-Autoren am Anfang ihrer Karriere. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass diese geschlechtsspezifische Karriere-Dichotomie in der nächsten Dekade persistiert.
Social interaction effects on immigrant integration
Authors: Agliari Elena , Barra Adriano , Contucci Pierluigi , Pizzoferrato Andrea , Vernia Cecilia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn recent years Italy has been involved in massive migration flows and, consequently, migrant integration is becoming a urgent political, economic and social issue. In this paper we apply quantitative methods, based on probability theory and statistical mechanics, to study the relative integration of migrants in Italy. In particular, we focus on the probability distribution of a classical quantifier that social scientists use to measure migrant integration, that is, the fraction of mixed (natives and immigrants) married couples, and we study, in particular, how it changes with respect to the migrant density. The analysed dataset collected yearly by ISTAT (Italian National Institute of Statistics), from 2002 to 2010, provides information on marriages and population compositions for all Italian municipalities. Our findings show that there are strong differences according to the size of the municipality. In fact, in large cities the occurrence of mixed marriages grows, on average, linearly with respect to the migrant density and its fluctuations are always Gaussian; conversely, in small cities, growth follows a square-root law and the fluctuations, which have a much larger scale, approach an exponential quartic distribution at very small densities. Following a quantitative approach, whose origins trace back to the probability theory of interacting systems, we argue that the difference depends on how connected the social tissue is in the two cases: large cities present a highly fragmented social network made of very small isolated components while villages behave as percolated systems with a rich tie structure where isolation is rare or completely absent. Our findings are potentially useful for policy makers; for instance, the incentives towards a smooth integration of migrants or the size of nativist movements should be predicted based on the size of the targeted population.
The Russian Revolution and the development challenge – Part II: the Russian Revolution and the mantra of developmentalism
Authors: Hopfmann Arndt 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARY
100 years after the Great Russian Revolution it is time to evaluate the impact of this epoch-making event on the politics and development of the Global South. Part I, published in the December 2017 issue of ROAPE, provided deliberations on historical and geo-political aspects of the Revolution. Part II deals with some of its influences on development theory.