bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and risk of relapse in pediatric patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia according to NOPHO‐AML 2004 and DB AML‐01
Authors: Løhmann Ditte J. A. , Asdahl Peter H. , Abrahamsson Jonas , Ha Shau‐Yin , Jónsson Ólafur G. , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Koskenvuo Minna , Lausen Birgitte , De Moerloose Barbara , Palle Josefine , Zeller Bernward , Hasle Henrik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSupportive‐care use of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains controversial due to a theoretical increased risk of relapse and limited impact on neutropenic complications. We describe the use of G‐CSF in patients treated according to NOPHO‐AML 2004 and DB AML‐01 and investigated associations with relapse.ProcedurePatients diagnosed with de novo AML completing the first week of therapy and not treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the first complete remission were included (n = 367). Information on G‐CSF treatment after each course (yes/no) was registered prospectively in the study database and detailed information was gathered retrospectively from each center. Descriptive statistics were used to describe G‐CSF use and Cox regression to assess the association between G‐CSF and risk of relapse.ResultsG‐CSF as supportive care was given to 128 (35%) patients after 268 (39%) courses, with a large variation between centers (0‐93%). The use decreased with time—the country‐adjusted odds ratio was 0.8/diagnostic year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7‐0.9). The median daily dose was 5 μg/kg (range 3‐12 μg/kg) and the median cumulative dose was 75 μg/kg (range 7‐1460 μg/kg). Filgrastim was used in 82% of G‐CSF administrations and infection was the indication in 44% of G‐CSF administrations. G‐CSF was associated with increased risk of relapse—the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.5 (95% CI 1.1‐2.2).ConclusionsG‐CSF as supportive care was used in a third of patients, and use decreased with time. Our results indicate that the use of G‐CSF may be associated with an increased risk of relapse.
Tetradentate schiff base ligand/MCln initiating systems for the controlled cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether: Effects of the ligand framework
Authors: Kigoshi Sensho , Kanazawa Arihiro , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe investigated the cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers using metal complex catalysts with salen and salphen ligands. Metal complexes were generated in situ from the reaction of a ligand and a metal chloride. The choice of a ligand and a central metal was crucial for tuning the catalyst function such as catalytic activity and controllability of the polymerization. Among metal chlorides employed, ZrCl4 was the most efficient for controlled polymerization. Cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) proceeded using the salen and salphen‐type ligand/ZrCl4 initiating systems, yielding polymers with predetermined molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Importantly, the structural effects of the complex catalysts were responsible for the polymerization behavior. For example, the polymerization using the salen‐type ligand/ZrCl4 system was much slower than that using the salphen‐type ligand/ZrCl4 system. In addition, the polymerization of IBVE using the salen‐type ligand/FeCl3 system proceeded in a controlled manner, which was in contrast to uncontrolled polymerization using the salphen‐type ligand/FeCl3 system. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 989–996
Women's perceptions of personalized risk‐based breast cancer screening and prevention: An international focus group study
Authors: Rainey Linda , Jervaeus Anna , Donnelly Louise S. , Evans D. Gareth , Hammarström Mattias , Hall Per , Wengström Yvonne , Broeders Mireille J.M. , van der Waal Daniëlle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveIncreased knowledge of breast cancer risk factors enables a shift from one‐size‐fits‐all breast cancer screening to a risk‐based approach, tailoring screening policy to a woman's individual risk. New opportunities for prevention will arise. However, before this novel screening and prevention program is introduced, its acceptability from a woman's perspective needs to be explored.MethodsWomen eligible for breast cancer screening in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Sweden were invited to take part in focus groups. A total of 143 women participated. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis identified five themes across the three countries. The first theme “impact of knowledge” describes women's concern of not being able to unlearn their risk, perceiving it as either a motivator for change or a burden which may lead to stigma. The second theme “belief in science” explains women's need to trust the science behind the risk assessment and subsequent care pathways. Theme three “emotional impact” explores, eg, women's perceived anxiety and (false) reassurance, which may result from knowing their risk. Theme four “decision making” highlights cultural differences in shared versus individual decision making. Theme five “attitude to medication” explores the controversial topic of offering preventative medication for breast cancer risk reduction.ConclusionsAcceptability of risk‐based screening and prevention is mixed. Women's perceptions are informed by a lack of knowledge, cultural norms, and common emotional concerns, which highlights the importance of tailored educational materials and risk counselling to aid either shared or individual informed decision making.
Hydrologic connectivity and backswamp water quality during a flood in the Atchafalaya Basin, USA
Authors: Baustian Joseph J. , Piazza Bryan P. , Bergan James F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Atchafalaya River Basin (ARB) is the largest distributary basin of the Mississippi River and contains the largest tract of forested wetlands in North America. However, hydrologic manipulations for flood control, logging, and mineral extraction have altered how water flows through the ARB and have led to widespread stagnation and hypoxia. To address this, the State of Louisiana has developed a hydrologic restoration plan to increase connectivity between the Atchafalaya River and backswamp areas on the floodplain. Here, we report on water quality changes in the forested wetlands of the ARB during a flood pulse as part of a prerestoration monitoring programme. Monitoring stations were set up in the backswamp to collect data on water levels, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature, and specific conductance. We found that when water levels were high enough to overtop bayou banks and spoil banks, north‐to‐south flow patterns were reinstated and water quality in the backswamp was improved. Specifically, hypoxic conditions, which had been common before the flood, were alleviated whereas the swamps were receiving flowing, oxygenated river water. The magnitude and duration of dissolved oxygen improvement was dependent on the length of time a site received river water. Our results suggest that stagnation and hypoxia can be alleviated in the ARB by increasing the amount of time river water can access to floodplain swamps.
Enabling Large-Scale Ex Vivo Production of Megakaryocytes from CD34+ Cells Using Gas-Permeable Surfaces
Authors: Martinez Andres F. , Miller William M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPatients suffering from acute or sustained thrombocytopenia require platelet transfusions, which are entirely donor-based and limited by challenges related to storage and fluctuating supply. Developing cell-culture technologies will enable ex vivo and donor-independent platelet production. However, critical advancements are needed to improve scalability and increase megakaryocyte (Mk) culture productivity. To address these needs, we evaluated Mk production from mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells cultured on a commercially available gas-permeable silicone rubber membrane, which provides efficient gas exchange, and investigated the use of fed-batch media dilution schemes. Starting with a cell-surface density of 40 × 103 CD34+ cells per cm2 (G40D), culturing cells on the membrane for the first 5 days and employing media dilutions yielded 39 ± 19 CD41+CD42b+ Mks per input CD34+ cell by day 11—a 2.2-fold increase compared with using standard culture surfaces and full media exchanges. By day 7, G40D conditions generated 1.5-fold more CD34+ cells and nearly doubled the numbers of Mk progenitors. The increased number of Mk progenitors coupled with media dilutions, potentially due to the retention of interleukin (IL)-3, increased Mk production in G40D. Compared with controls, G40D had higher viability, yielded threefold more Mks per milliliter of media used and exhibited lower mean ploidy, but had higher numbers of high-ploidy Mks. Finally, G40D-Mks produced proplatelets and platelet-like-particles that activate and aggregate upon stimulation. These results highlight distinct improvements in Mk cell-culture and demonstrate how new technologies and techniques are needed to enable clinically relevant production of Mks for platelet generation and cell-based therapies.
Benzo[b]carbazolediones Synthesis and Inhibitory Effects on Nucleotide Pyrophosphatases/Phosphodiesterases
Authors: Huy Do Hoang , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Molenda Ricardo , Ohlendorf Lars , Villinger Alexander , Khan Shafi Ullah , Lecka Joanna , Sévigny Jean , Iqbal Jamshed , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo new and efficient methods for the synthesis of benzo[b]carbazolediones have been developed. Various derivatives were synthesized by either a three‐component one‐pot reaction or a two‐component domino reaction in moderate to good yield. Moreover, inhibition studies of these compounds against nucleotide pyrophosphatases (NPPs) have been carried out. An interesting and promising inhibitory effect was observed by the influence of different substituents. Substitution with a methyl group located at the indole moiety was found sensitive towards h‐NPP1 (4b; IC50 ±SEM = 0.57 ± 0.05 μM), while the unsubstituted derivative exhibited a higher sensitivity towards h‐NPP3 (4a; IC50 ± SEM = 0.16 ± 0.06 μM). Both derivatives presented non‐selective inhibition of both isozymes. Among all the derivatives, two derivatives with anisyl groups showed the highest selectivity towards h‐NPP3 and no interaction with h‐NPP1. Finally, the free binding energies were calculated and molecular docking studies were performed in order to provide an insight into putative binding modes of these inhibitors.
Preparation and Enhanced UV‐Visible Light Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu Ternary Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhao Hexi , Kang Jie , Nan Hui , Yang Guijun , Wei Haomin , Chen Huiyuan , Wang Gang , Lin Hong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFe2O3, TiO2, TiO2‐Fe2O3 and TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu nanomaterials were synthesized by hydrothermal methods. The crystal structure and chemical valence of the samples were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐vis DRS). The results show that the TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized and have good UV‐Vis absorption properties. The electrocatalytic properties of the samples were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) and Tafel polarization curve (Taf). The TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu nanocomposites have the highest cathode potential and current density, and the charge transfer resistance in EIS is TiO2 > Fe2O3 > TiO2‐Fe2O3 > TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu. It is indicated that TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu nanocomposites had good electrocatalytic properties. Finally, the photocatalytic properties of Fe2O3, TiO2, TiO2‐Fe2O3 and TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) were studied under UV‐vis irradiation. The results show that the reaction rate constants k of TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu is the relatively highest(12.91×10−3 min−1), indicating the synthetic of TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu have good photocatalytic properties, which are due to the highest light utilization of TiO2‐Fe2O3/Cu and the best charge transfer performance.
Green Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots from Cotton Cellulose
Authors: Chen Weifeng , Shen Jialu , Lv Guo , Li Dejiang , Hu Yulin , Zhou Changlin , Liu Xiang , Dai Zhongxu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFabrication of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) often requires strong acids or organic solvents, and their green synthesises on sustainable routes still face challenges. Herein, an eco‐friendly synthetic process has been developed, in which the natural polymer cellulose has been utilized as a new precursor for the first time. The reaction system is only composed of cellulose and water, in absence of any other chemical reagents. Moreover, the products contain only GQDs, carbide precipitates, and water, leading to easy separation and avoiding complicated post‐processes. In addition, the synthetic mechanism is presented that the formation process of GQDs consists of the first hydrolyzation and the following cyclic condensation. With highly photoluminescent (PL) properties, favourable hydrophilicity, low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatability, the as‐synthesized GQDs have been successfully applied in bioimaging. This work not only develops a sustainable route for the green synthesis of GQDs, but also finds a renewable resource as the raw material, which significantly facilitates the extensive applications of GQDs in biological fields.
Molecular Ferroelectric Piperidine‐4‐ylmethanaminium Perchlorate with Superior Switchable Dielectric Properties
Authors: Gan Xuecheng , Tang Zheng , Wang Yan , Zhang Wenjun , Sun Xiaofan , Wu YiZhang , Gao Zhangran , Cai Hong‐Ling , Wu X. S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new piperidyl‐based molecular ferroelectric piperidine‐4‐ylmethanaminium perchlorate (compound 1) has been successfully synthesized, which undergoes a reversible phase transition around Tc = 258.8 K. The spontaneous polarization of compound 1 is about 0.63 μC/cm2 and coercive field as small as 1.14 kV/cm at 192 K. The variable‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the space group transforms from a polar space group of P21 at 173 K to a centrosymmetric space group of P212121 at 293 K. Especially, the dielectric anomaly at the phase transition temperature increases more than 4 times, which indicates potential applications in switchable dielectric devices.
Effects of egg yolk and soybean lecithin on sperm quality determined by computer‐assisted sperm analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope in chilled canine sperm
Authors: Nguyen Vui V. , Ponchunchoovong Samorn , Kupittayanant Sajeera , Kupittayanant Pakanit 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe reduction of spermatozoa survival time is a major problem of canine chilled sperm for artificial insemination. The aim of the study was to improve the quality of canine chilled sperm during storage time. We therefore, evaluated the effects of eight treatments with different levels of soybean lecithin concentration (1, 3 and 5%) and egg yolk (20%) in Tris‐citric‐fructose or Tris‐citric‐fructose‐mineral salts extender on chilled canine sperm quality during 10 days of storage. The sperm motility was analysed by computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA), whereas plasma membrane integrity, acrosome membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential parameters were determined using a fluorescent staining combination of propidium iodide (PI), Hoechst 33342 (H342), fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC‐PSA) and 5,5′,6,6′‐tetrachloro‐1,1′,3,3′‐tetraethylbenzimidazolyl‐carbocyanine iodide (JC‐1) by confocal laser scanning microscope. The results showed that egg yolk was found to be better than soybean lecithin in Tris‐citric‐fructose or Tris‐citric‐fructose‐mineral salts extender for maintaining the quality of chilled canine sperm within 10 days of storage (P < 0.05). Although egg yolk in Tris‐citric‐fructose extender could maintain the motility better than other extenders, egg yolk in Tris‐citric‐fructose‐mineral salts extender was the highest in intact plasma membrane, intact acrosome membrane and high mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05). In contrast, the sperm quality of soybean lecithin in Tris‐citric‐fructose‐mineral salts extender was lower than that of soybean lecithin in Tris‐citric‐fructose extender, and soybean lecithin 1% was greater than soybean lecithin 3% and 5% in plasma membrane integrity, acrosome membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05). In conclusion, soybean lecithin cannot replace egg yolk in Tris‐citric‐fructose or Tris‐citric‐fructose‐mineral salts extenders, and egg yolk in Tris‐citric‐fructose‐mineral salts extender is superior to other extenders in chilling canine sperm.
Partial $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supersymmetry breaking and deformed hypermultiplets
Authors: Farakos Fotis , Kočí Pavel , Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli Gabriele , von Unge Rikard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study partial supersymmetry breaking from$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 to$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 by adding non-linear terms to the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 supersymmetry transformations. By exploiting the necessary existence of a deformed supersymmetry algebra for partial breaking to occur, we systematically use$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 projective superspace with central charges to provide a streamlined setup. For deformed$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(2) and$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(4) hypermultiplets, besides reproducing known results, we describe new models exhibiting partial supersymmetry breaking with and without higher-derivative interactions.
Ethics in Global Pediatric Surgery: Existing Dilemmas and Emerging Challenges
Authors: Cunningham Aaron J. , Stephens Caroline Q. , Ameh Emmanuel A. , Mshelbwala Philip , Nwomeh Benedict , Krishnaswami Sanjay 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe rapid growth of global pediatric surgery beyond direct care delivery into research, education, and advocacy necessitates re‐evaluation of the traditional ethical paradigms which have governed our partnerships in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Within this paper, we consider current and emerging ethical challenges and discuss principles to consider in order to promote autonomous systems for pediatric surgical care in LMIC.
Simple Analysis of the Computed Tomography Features of Gastric Schwannoma
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Wenming , Zhou Xiaoxuan , Xu Junliang , Hu Hong-jie 
Published: March 2019

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) findings of gastric schwannoma (GS) and identify the difference between large (> 5 cm) and small (≤ 5 cm) GS. Materials and Methods CT findings of 38 pathologically proven cases of GSs were retrospectively reviewed. The CT evaluation of GS included categorical variables (location, contour, growth pattern, enhancement pattern, necrosis, ulceration, calcification, and lymph nodes) and continuous variables (size, CT value of 3 phases, and enhancement degree). The lesion was divided into 2 groups (large [> 5 cm] and small [≤ 5 cm] GS) according to the tumor size. The Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables and the Student t or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. Results Of the 38 patients, there were 32 women and 6 men. The median age was 54.5 years (range 39–79). Most of patients (65.8%, [25 of 38]) had nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal or gastric pain, fullness and discomfort, bleeding, and melena. The tumors were mainly located in the stomach body (71.1% [27 of 38]), and the mean diameter was 3.7 cm (range 1.5 cm-10.3 cm), of which included large (> 5 cm) (n = 8) and small (≤ 5 cm) (n = 30). All of the GSs were benign, 9 of whom had palpable perigastric lymph nodes, which confirmed by pathology for the reactive inflammatory hyperplasia. Growth pattern, pattern of enhancement, necrosis, calcification, surface ulceration, and lymph node in the CT images were found to be significant variables for differentiating large (> 5 cm) and small (≤ 5 cm) GS ( P < .05). Conclusion GSs were predominantly located at the gastric body and occurred most frequently in women between the ages of 40–70 years, and showed gradual enhancement after contrast enhancement. Palpable perigastric lymph nodes could not be considered as malignant factor of GS. There 7 computed CT criteria are significant difference between large (> 5 cm) and small (≤ 5 cm) GS.
Screening Sensitivity According to Breast Cancer Location
Authors: Théberge Isabelle , Guertin Marie-Hélène , Vandal Nathalie , Côté Gary , Dufresne Michel-Pierre , Pelletier Éric , Brisson Jacques 
Published: March 2019

Purpose To examine the relation between breast cancer location and screening mammogram sensitivity, and assess whether this association is modified by body mass index (BMI) or breast density. Methods This study is based on all interval cancers (n = 481) and a random sample of screen-detected cancers (n = 481) diagnosed in Quebec Breast Cancer Screening Program participants in 2007. Film-screening mammograms, diagnostic mammograms, and ultrasound reports (when available) were requested for these cases. The breast cancer was then localised in mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) projections of the breast by 1 experienced radiologist. The association between cancer location and screening sensitivity was assessed by logistic regression. Adjusted sensitivity and sensitivity ratios were obtained by marginal standardisation. Results A total of 369 screen-detected and 268 interval cancers could be localised in MLO and/or CC projections. The 2-year sensitivity reached 68%. Overall, sensitivity was not statistically associated with location of the cancer. However, sensitivity seems lower in MLO posterior inferior area for women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared to sensitivity in central area for women with lower BMI (adjusted sensitivity ratio: 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.98). Lower sensitivity was also observed in subareolar areas for women with breast density ≥ 50% compared to the central areas for women with lower breast density (for MLO and CC projections, adjusted sensitivity ratio and 95% CI of, respectively, 0.54 [0.13–0.96] and 0.46 [0.01–0.93]). Conclusions Screening sensitivity seems lower in MLO posterior inferior area in women with higher BMI and in subareolar areas in women with higher breast density. When interpreting screening mammograms, radiologists need to pay special attention to these areas.
Community-acquired urinary tract infections in children
Authors: Hameed Tahir , Nafeesah Abdullah Al , Chishti Syed , Shaalan Mohammed Al , Fakeeh Khaled Al 
Published: March 2019

Objective
The aim of the present study was to investigate the bacterial pathogens and their resistance patterns in children presenting with their first admission for a urinary tract infection (UTI) in a large tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted of pediatric patients 0–14 years of age who were admitted for their first community-acquired UTI in a large tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The review covered a 6-year period (2006–2012).

Results
Data were obtained from 202 children, of which 162 (80.2%) were female. The most frequently isolated uropathogens were Escherichia coli (75.7%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.9%) and Enterococcus species (3.5%). Sixteen (7.9%) isolates were ESBLs. Among all uropathogens, 68% were resistant to ampicillin, 54% resistant to co-trimoxazole, and 30% resistant/intermediate sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulinic acid. Overall, there was a low resistance rate to cefotaxime (4.4%).

Conclusion

E. coli is the predominant uropathogen causing UTIs in children, yet there is a high rate of multidrug-resistant organisms. For children admitted for a community-acquired UTI, a third-generation cephalosporin remains an appropriate empiric antibiotic. Our study and the work of others emphasize the importance of choosing empiric antibiotics for pediatric UTIs based on local resistance patterns.