bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new class of disordered elements controls DNA replication through initiator self-assembly
Authors: Parker Matthew W. , Bell Maren , Mir Mustafa , Kao Jonchee A. , Darzacq Xavier , Botchan Michael R. , Berger James M. 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYThe initiation of DNA replication in metazoans occurs at thousands of chromosomal sites known as origins. At each origin, the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), Cdc6, and Cdt1 co-assemble to load the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase onto chromatin. Current replication models envisage a linear arrangement of isolated origins functioning autonomously; the extent of inter-origin organization and communication is unknown. Here, we report that the replication initiation machinery ofD. melanogasterunexpectedly undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) upon binding DNAin vitro. We find that ORC, Cdc6, and Cdt1 contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that drive LLPS and constitute a new class of phase separating elements. Initiator IDRs are shown to regulate multiple functions, including chromosome recruitment, initiator-specific co-assembly, and Mcm2-7 loading. These data help explain how CDK activity controls replication initiation and suggest that replication programs are subject to higher-order levels of inter-origin organization.
Hdac3, Setdb1, and Kap1 mark H3K9me3/H3K14ac bivalent regions in young and aged liver
Authors: Price Andrew J. , Manjegowda Mohan C. , Bochkis Irina M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPost-translational modifications of histone tails play a crucial role in gene regulation. Here, we performed chromatin profiling by quantitative targeted mass spectrometry to assess all possible modifications of the core histones. We discovered a novel bivalent combination, a dually-marked H3K9me3/H3K14ac modification in the liver, that is significantly decreased in old hepatocytes. Subsequent genome-wide location analysis (ChIP-Seq) identified 1032 and 668 bivalent regions in young and old livers, respectively, with 280 in common. Histone H3K9 deacetylase Hdac3, as well as H3K9 methyltransferase Setdb1, found in complex Kap1, occupied bivalent regions in both young and old livers, correlating to presence of H3K9me3. Expression of genes associated with bivalent regions in young liver, including those regulating cholesterol secretion and triglyceride synthesis, is upregulated in old liver once the bivalency is lost. Hence, H3K9me3/H3K14ac dually-marked regions define a poised inactive state that is resolved with loss of one or both of the chromatin marks, which subsequently leads to change in gene expression.
Difficulties in spontaneously performing level 2 perspective-taking skills in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Asaoka Hiroshi , Takahashi Tomoya , Chen Jiafei , Fujiwara Aya , Watanabe Masataka , Noro Fumiyuki 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate why children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to respond to tasks from their own perspective. The authors investigated the effects of explicitness of viewpoint on performance of spontaneous level 2 perspective-taking skills in six- to eight-year-old children with ASD.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted visual perspective-taking tasks with explicit and implicit instructions about the viewpoint to be used. Participants operated a toy car on a map while listening to the experimenter’s instructions. In the implicit condition, when the experimenter said “Turn right/left” at each intersection, the participants moved the car accordingly. Subsequently, in the explicit condition, the experimenter said “Look from the driver’s viewpoint and turn right/left” at each intersection.

Findings
In the implicit condition, the authors did not observe a clear developmental change in performance between six- and eight-year-old children in the ASD group. In contrast, performance in the ASD group improved under the explicit condition relative to that under the implicit condition.

Originality/value
The results suggest six- to eight-year-old children with ASD tend not to spontaneously use level 2 perspective-taking skills. Therefore, viewpoints should be explicitly instructed to children with ASD. In addition, it is also important to implement training to encourage spontaneous transitions from self-perspective to other-perspective under the implicit condition.
Policy coordination in fiscal federalism: drawing lessons from the Dubai debt crisis
Authors: Cevik Serhan 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
With the global financial crisis, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) experienced its own unraveling of macro-financial imbalances and thus presents an interesting case to analyze the underlying fragilities in federal governments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of fiscal policy in the UAE at consolidated and subnational levels in the run-up and after the crisis, and provide pertinent insights about the importance of policy coordination in other federal fiscal systems – and monetary unions, as brought to light by the recent developments in Europe.

Design/methodology/approach
In measuring the cyclicality of fiscal balances at the consolidated and emirate level in the UAE, this paper uses the non-hydrocarbon primary budget balance, excluding interest spending and hydrocarbon revenues, investment income of the sovereign wealth fund, scaled by non-hydrocarbon GDP. The cyclically adjusted primary balance is estimated by deducting cyclical components from the actual balance. It is important to correct for cyclical changes because the budget balance tends to vary endogenously according the state of the economy – deteriorating during a bust and improving in a boom. Furthermore, since hydrocarbon revenues are dependent on the erratic behavior of hydrocarbon prices, the cyclically adjusted non-hydrocarbon primary balance is computed, using the elasticity of non-hydrocarbon revenues and primary expenditures relative to non-hydrocarbon GDP, to assess whether fiscal policy exacerbates economic fluctuations in the UAE at the aggregate and emirate levels.

Findings
The empirical findings show that procyclical fiscal policies prior to the crisis reinforced the financial sector cycle, exacerbated the economic upswing, and thereby contributed to the build-up of macro-financial vulnerabilities. The paper also sets out policy lessons to develop a rule-based fiscal framework that would help strengthen fiscal policy coordination between the various layers of government and ensure long-term fiscal sustainability and a more equitable intergenerational distribution of wealth.

Originality/value
The lack of fiscal policy coordination among subnational governments complicates macro-economic management at the federal level. Since the UAE has a pegged exchange rate regime and consequently a limited scope to use monetary policy, the burden of macro-economic stabilization falls on fiscal policy. Accordingly, this paper shows that procyclical fiscal policies prior to the crisis reinforced the “financial accelerator” effect, exacerbated the economic cycle, and thereby contributed to the build-up of economic and financial vulnerabilities in the UAE.
Youthful parricide: child abuse is not the primary motivator (invited paper)
Authors: Thompson Sherry A. , Thompson Brooke 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share nascent theory, suggesting there are five types of parricide offenders. The old theories are not valid: child abuse is not the primary motivator for parricide events.

Design/methodology/approach
This research draws on archival data derived from public sources (i.e. court records, offender statements, newspapers, etc.).

Findings
Child abuse is not the primary motivator for youthful parricide events. However, it appears to remain a factor in the parricide equation. The Good Child Postulate romanticizes youthful parricide offenders and could introduce potentially harmful positive bias into investigations, trials and treatment. The nascent theory suggests the five fatal personality clusters for youthful parricide offenders.

Research limitations/implications
The identified clusters are still being developed and statistically validated. More research and analysis is needed to delimit, refine and verify the five fatal personality types of parricide offenders and to create a clear, cohesive theory.

Practical implications
Murder in general has decreased over the past decade, parricides have not. A better understanding of the phenomena may help to slow the rate of parricide events. Law enforcement, natal families and the courts can help to improve rehabilitative outcomes if children could be recognized as the type of killer they are and treated differently during the investigative and defense phases of their cases. For example, if parents are placed on trial (i.e. are used by defense to mitigate/excuse the murders), some types of children will adopt the defense arguments laid out in court and feel no need for rehabilitation at all. Families of the murdered parents can come to a better understanding of what has happened – allowing them to grieve without being forced to defend the murder of their love one. This research serves as further correction for the promulgation of the notion that all parents who are victims of youthful parricide abused the perpetrator, thereby causing their own deaths. This does occur on occasion, but is not a complete picture of the phenomenon.

Social implications
Although murder, in general, has decreased over the past decade, parricides have not. The standing typology stymies fresh research and researcher’s abilities to explore models that may help to teach parents, law enforcement and other caring members of society how to prevent parricides in the future. Additionally, the Good Child Postulate works to create positive bias in the courtroom as attorneys for well-off, white children can easily build an imperfect defense for a population that is not actually the abused population. This has many social justice implications.

Originality/value
This information can be utilized by law enforcement, attorneys, the courts, parents and the prisons/therapeutic settings to better meet the needs of the youthful parricide offender.
The impact of financial crisis on audit quality and audit fee stickiness: evidence from Iran
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Komeili Farzaneh , Daemi Gah Ali 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
There is a few studies about stickiness and changes in audit fees. In previous studies, researchers focused on fees behavior, which is expected to change in the short term, regardless of mentioning stickiness of fees and its possible changes. In this study, the authors investigate stickiness of audit fees and the influential factors, specifically audit quality and financial crisis in an emerging economy.

Design/methodology/approach
Audit quality is examined under three main criteria, namely, auditor size, auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure. The Altman adjusted bankruptcy model is used to identify firms’ financial crisis. In this study, listed companies in Tehran stock exchange market is investigated during the period of 2009-2015. Multiple regression models are used to test research hypotheses. Furthermore, Chow and Hausman tests are selected to choose among hybrid, fixed and random effects models.

Findings
The findings show no significant relationship between audit quality and audit fees stickiness. The authors also find that financial crisis has no impact on the association between audit quality and audit fees stickiness.

Originality/value
The current study almost is the first study, which conducted in emerging market of Iran. So, the results may play a helpful role for developing nations.
Approaching public sector transparency through an integrated reporting benchmark
Authors: Nistor Cristina Silvia , Stefanescu Cristina Alexandrina , Oprisor Tudor , Crisan Andrei Razvan 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether the key items encompassed in the new reporting trends are addressed in the current reporting set and, also, whether there are certain patterns regarding disclosure practices across a sample of reporting entities.

Design/methodology/approach
The research methodology takes into consideration both the financial and non-financial elements from the entities’ activities and embeds them in the analysis, in a more holistic frame offered by integrated reporting. The disclosure level is investigated using the six-tier capital model from the International Integrated Reporting Council Framework and the eight major principles from GRI guidelines. Furthermore, the cluster analysis is used to identify the disclosure practices patterns within some European Union local public administrations.

Findings
The level of disclosure within the analyzed entities is relatively high. Also, the results of the cluster analysis reveal some disclosure patterns, especially regarding the Anglo-Saxon and Northern local public administrations, the municipalities with the highest degree of disclosure of the sample.

Research limitations/implications
The most significant limitations are represented by the sample of municipalities, the language filter and the fact that only one-year data were considered for analysis.

Practical implications
The study can be useful to any other institutions under the dome of the public sector, willing to enhance public accountability throughout greater transparency. Also, it might help the public managers to outline a long-term development plan about how to create value and to whom, material issues, risks and strategy through the integrated reporting, a cornerstone for future changes. Moreover, it might also be a subject of interest in the research environment, offering new opportunities for further empirical studies, by applying and testing it in other public organizations.

Originality/value
The study provides an original assessment tool useful to improving the reporting process. Also, it can be useful to other public institutions that are willing to enhance public accountability throughout greater transparency.
Managing projects in war-torn societies
Authors: Earnest James 
Published: April 2019

PurposePlanning and implementing reconstruction projects in areas that are affected by conflict has proven to be far more challenging than expected and has often been considered to be inappropriate response from practitioners, aid agencies and government. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore reconstruction and development projects in Kosovo given its history of non-sovereign state under United Nations administration and analyse how they were planned and executed that would more likely yield progressive outcomes for the society.Design/methodology/approachThe study was designed to explore how projects are planned and implemented, as well as help in understanding the phenomena in the historical, social, cultural and governance context within the project implementation practices of multilateral agencies in Kosovo. Applying action research principles and using a detailed case study approach to the interviews, the study identified programme strengths, weaknesses and implications of project management practice and theory and differences of opinion within the project team in project planning and implementation in their wider sense.FindingsThere is evidence that both aid organisations’ constructed project management processes and international aid agencies practices do not work effectively in a community service delivery setting. The study showed that there continue to be challenges in project processes, implementation, stakeholder coordination, communication, cost, quality, procurement and risk management.Practical implicationsForward looking and grounded in traditions, the study indicated a need to promote a better understanding of how reconstruction and development projects are undertaken at all levels of the organisation and to describe processes, procedures and tools used for the actual application of projects in war-torn societies.Originality/valueThe study is among the first academic research worldwide to examine traditional practices of project management which are wildly applied and to explore if the same processes can be applied in post-conflict settings. This study is timely and beneficial in fulfilling its responsibility to post-conflict communities.
Integration as unrealised ideal of ERP systems
Authors: van Roekel Henk-Jan , van der Steen Martijn 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to uncover how implementation practices affect the unfolding of integration as the ideal of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. In this way, the authors aim to provide a better understanding of the ways in which the ideal of integration affects the complexity of ERP systems.Design/methodology/approachThis paper interprets a case study of the implementation of an ERP system in a Dutch company.FindingsThe paper highlights how different variations of an object of integration were enacted during an ERP implementation. The authors observe how the interests of the various actors were not always served by the variations of integration in circulation. They illustrate how this resulted in a failure of the network to be folded into a taken-for-granted configuration of constituent parts. Consequentially, having multiple variations of integration contributed to increased complexity of the system.Originality/valueThe paper highlights how multiple variations of a single object of integration are brought into circulation. Such perspective enables a better understanding of some of the complexities associated with ERP implementations.
Effect of infiltration head on soil water movement of small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film
Authors: Wu H.X. , Zhang Yunxin , Wang Lishu , Chen Dongjuan , Ma Chao 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different infiltration heads on soil water movement using a free infiltration test for small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film.Design/methodology/approachThe test consisted of small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film with three different infiltration heads (3, 4 and 5 cm) and furrow drip irrigation under mulch film using an infiltration head of 4 cm (CK).FindingsDuring irrigation, the accumulated infiltration and migration distance of the wetting front increased with time. During the same infiltration time, both the accumulated infiltration and horizontal migration distance of the wetting front increased with the larger infiltration head, whereas the vertical migration distance of the wetting front gradually decreased. With increasing distance from the furrow center, soil moisture content declined, but the uniformity of its distribution increased as the infiltration head increased.Originality/valueThis study can provide scientific basis for the use of small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film.
Numerical study on racking behavior of light steel frames with K-shaped bracing
Authors: Kazemi Mohammad Javad , Hatami Shahabeddin , Zare Abdolreza , Parvaneh Ali 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to study the lateral behavior of cold-formed steel walls with K-shaped bracing by finite element modeling.

Design/methodology/approach
The braces which have the same section as those for studs and tracks are connected to the frame by screw connections. By pushover analysis, lateral performance of two frame categories, with different dimensions and bracing arrangements, is examined, and the force-displacement diagram and the ultimate strength of walls are extracted. Probable failure modes during lateral loading including distortional buckling of studs, buckling in braces and failure of connections are simulated in the numerical model, and some strengthening suggestions would be offered to prevent brittle failures and, therefore, to increase the lateral strength of the walls.

Findings
The strengthened walls are examined, and their seismic behavior is compared with the original walls. Finally, a parametric study is carried out to evaluate the effect of factors such as thickness of frame members, frame height and yield tension of members on lateral behavior of the shear walls.

Originality/value
In the present research, lateral strength and failure modes of nine types of cold-formed steel shear walls with different arrangements of K-shaped bracing are examined by non-linear finite element analysis, and a parametric study is carried out to extract the effect of the wall frame characteristics on the lateral behavior. Shear walls are classified into two series.
Summer and winter ecosystems of the world ocean photic zone
Authors: Zhao Qianshuo , Costello Mark J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe increased availability of global scale environmental and biological data is enabling more objective, data‐driven, classifications of the oceans. However, comparisons of seasonal differences at a global scale have been limited to ocean color and derived variables. Here, we used long‐term averages of 18 ocean variables in summer and winter to classify the seasonal ocean surface waters through principle components analysis and k‐means clustering. We identified 11 distinct areas that fit the definition of “ecosystems,” which is enduring regions demarcated by environmental characteristics. Overall, the “ecosystems” retained their general distribution with latitude boundaries in each season, while there were some variations in latitude and some more complex differences. Of all the variables, temperature had the greatest importance and correlated with many other variables in both seasons. Some variables had uniquely significant effects on the classification in both seasons as well, such as calcite, land distance, depth, and surface current. Thus while the present seasonal classification is robust for available data, future analyses with variables not presently available may improve it. Nevertheless, the results indicate that species will need to either move or have adapted to live in greater ecosystem variation in mid temperature and subtropical latitudes where ecosystem boundaries move seasonally. In contrast, because conditions vary less in the tropics and polar seas, species in these latitudes may be more sensitive to climatic change.
Trust Parties’ Uniquely Easy Access to Rescission: Analysis, Critique and Reform
Authors: Hofri‐Winogradow Adam , Weiss Gadi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractParties to trusts currently enjoy easier access to judicial avoidance of voluntary dispositions resulting from mistakes and inadequate decision‐making than other persons. The principal doctrinal basis for this advantage has shifted from the rule in Re Hastings‐Bass to rescission in equity. The article argues that this advantage is normatively unjustified, and recommends a uniform legal framework to govern the avoidance of voluntary dispositions resulting from mistakes or inadequate decision‐making, whether or not a trust was involved. Under this framework, dispositions resulting from laypersons’ mistakes and inadequate decision‐making should be avoided, subject to appropriate defences, whenever that causative nexus is present, while dispositions resulting from professionals’ mistakes and inadequate decision‐making should only be avoided where the mistake or deliberative flaw was so serious as to render the transferee's retention of property transferred unjust.