bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Olfactory Function With the “Sniffin’ Sticks” Test After Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Cingoz Ilker Deniz , Kizmazoglu Ceren , Guvenc Gonul , Sayin Murat , Imre Abdulkadir , Yuceer Nurullah 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the olfactory function of patients who had undergone endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. In this prospective study, the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test was performed between June 2016 and April 2017 at Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital. Thirty patients who were scheduled to undergo endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery were evaluated preoperatively and 8 weeks postoperatively using the Sniffin’ Sticks test battery for olfactory function, odor threshold, smell discrimination, and odor identification. The patients were evaluated preoperatively by an otolaryngologist. The patients’ demographic data and olfactory functions were analyzed with a t test and Wilcoxon-labeled sequential test. The study group comprised 14 women (46.7%) and 16 men (53.3%) patients. The mean age of the patients was 37.50 ± 9.43 years (range: 16–53 years). We found a significant difference in the preoperative and postoperative values of the odor recognition test (P = 0.017); however, there was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative odor threshold values (P = 0.172) and odor discrimination values (P = 0.624). The threshold discrimination identification test scores were not significant (P = 0.110). The olfactory function of patients who were normosmic preoperatively was not affected postoperatively. This study shows that the endoscopic transsphenoidal technique for pituitary surgery without nasal flap has no negative effect on the olfactory function.
Ablation of Buccal Cancer and Functionality Buccal Reconstruction Using an Individuation Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Zhou Ting , Zhang Lei , Sun Guowen , Hu Qingang 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The complex area for reconstruction of the head and the neck is the buccal because of difficult anatomy of this region. This article aimed to describe our individualized design for the reconstruction of the buccal using an different categories anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. Ninety-four patients were involved in this study. Among 94cases, the number of using the musculocutaneous ALT flap was 57, using the fasciocutaneous ALT flap was 25, and using the thin ALT flap was 12. Postoperative vessel thrombosis occurred in 8 flaps, and required operative exploration in the perioperative period, 6 flaps were complete survival after the salvages, 2 flap was failure. The ALT flap represents a very good choice for the reconstruction of the complex defects at the cheek level. The flap can replace large volumes of tissues and the skin island is large and can be used both for the tegument reconstruction and for the oral mucosa reconstruction.
Unilateral Orticochea Pharyngoplasty for Unilateral Velopharyngeal Dysfunction: Long-Term Outcomes Data
Authors: Klement Kristen A. , Black Jonathan S. , Vanlue Michael J. , Denny Arlen D. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A unilateral deficit in velopharyngeal closure during speech production is an unusual presentation of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) and few solutions have been described for this problem. This report details the long-term outcomes using this technique. We performed a retrospective chart review of all the patients who underwent a unilateral Orticochea pharyngoplasty for VPD. The authors identified 10 patients treated with 11 unilateral pharyngoplasty at a single tertiary care institutional setting. The mean age at repair was 8.6 years. The mean length of follow-up was 7.6 years. All the patients demonstrated improvement in velopharyngeal closure and speech resonance with 4 showing complete resolution of VPD. There were no revisions required or complications. One patient, after 10.7 years, required a unilateral procedure on the contralateral side which resulted in complete resolution of VPD postoperatively.
A Rare Cause of Recurrent Cerebral Ischemia and Syncope: Eagle Syndrome
Authors: Bal Kemal Koray , Ismi Onur , Esen Kaan , Yilmaz Ibrahim Arda , Vayisoglu Yusuf 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Eagle syndrome is defined as symptomatic elongation of the styloid process or calcification of the stylohyoid and stilomandibular ligament. The syndrome was described by WW Eagle in 1937. The styloid process is located between the internal and external carotid arteries and laterally in the tonsillar fossa. Patients with cerebrovascular ischemia causing syncope or hemiparesia due to Eagle syndrome are rarely published in the literature. The authors presented a patient with recurrent cerebrovascular attacks due to long styloid process.
Nasolabial Morphology Following Nasoalveolar Molding in Infants With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Nur Yilmaz Rahime Burcu , Germeç Çakan Derya 
Published: February 2018

Aim:
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy on nasolabial morphology three dimensionally, and compare the nasolabial linear and surface distance measurements in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Methods:
Facial plaster casts of 42 infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate taken at the onset (pre-NAM) and finishing stage (post-NAM) of NAM were scanned with 3dMDface stereophotogrammetry system (3dMD, Atlanta, GA). Nineteen nasolabial linear and surface distance measurements were performed on three-dimensional images. In addition to standard descriptive statistical calculations (means and SDs), pre- and post-NAM measurements were evaluated by paired t test.

Results:
All measurements except lip gap, nostril floor width, and nostril diameter increased between pre-NAM and post-NAM. Nostril and lip height increased significantly on the cleft side (P < 0.05). No differences were present between linear and surface distance measurements except for nasal width measurement.

Conclusions:
Nasal and lip symmetry improved with NAM. The use of surface distance measurements may be advised particularly for continuous and curved anatomic structures in which circumference differences are expected.
Nephrogenic Adenoma in the Setting of Refractory Labial Agglutination in an Elderly Woman
Authors: Bretschneider Carol Emi , Share Sarah M. , Paraiso Marie Fidela R. 
Published: February 2018

Background
Severe labial agglutination can be refractory to outpatient management and can lead to voiding dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Labial agglutination is often a sequela of long-standing inflammatory processes, which include untreated lichen planus, lichen sclerosus, and atrophic vaginitis.

Case
An 82-year-old parous woman presented with severe labial agglutination and complete obstruction of her vaginal introitus, causing obstructive voiding symptoms. She underwent a surgical procedure to release the fused labia. Pathologic evaluation of a vulvar biopsy revealed nephrogenic adenoma, which is an uncommon benign lesion usually presenting in the urinary tract.

Conclusions
Refractory, severe labial agglutination in postmenopausal women can lead to significant voiding dysfunction, and the underlying chronic inflammation may result in pathologic changes such as nephrogenic adenoma. Pathologic tissue diagnosis is important to plan appropriate surveillance for patients with this chronic condition.
Impact of Trainee Involvement on Complication Rates Following Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Sheyn David , Bretschneider C. Emi , Canfield Dana , Duarte Mary , Mangel Jeffrey M. , Mahajan Sangeeta T. 
Published: February 2018

Objective
Trainee involvement in surgical procedures has been associated with longer surgical times and increased rates of certain complications. There has been limited study of the impact trainee involvement has on outcomes in urogynecologic surgery. We sought to determine the impact of resident and fellow involvement in pelvic reconstructive surgeries on 30-day complication rates.

Methods
Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, patients who underwent pelvic floor surgery were identified between 2010 and 2015. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: no trainee, resident, or fellow involvement. The primary outcome was the composite complication rate. Three-group comparison was performed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis. If statistically significant, then pairwise analysis was performed between the reference group (attending alone) and experimental groups (resident or fellow). Additional pairwise analysis was performed between the fellow and resident groups. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with an increased risk of complications.

Results
Seven thousand seven hundred fifty-two surgical cases met all criteria for inclusion; 2440 (31.4%) included residents, and 646 (8.3%) included fellows. The median operating times were significantly higher in the resident and fellow groups compared with the attending-alone group (109 minutes [interquartile range, 55–164 minutes) compared with 110 minutes [interquartile range, 61–174 minutes] compared with 72 minutes [interquartile range, 38–113 minutes], P < 0.001). After multivariable logistic regression, trainee participation did not result in an increase in complication rate. Preoperative transfusion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03–30.09), coagulopathy (aOR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.74–5.82), nonwhite race (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.31–1.89), insulin-dependent diabetes (aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.03–2.72), American Society of Anesthesiologists class greater than 2 (aOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.21–1.77), length of stay (aOR, 1.04, 95%CI:1.02–1.06), operating time (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.03), and undergoing a sling procedure (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01–1.41) were associated with higher complication rates.

Conclusions
Resident and fellow involvement during pelvic reconstructive surgery is associated with longer operating times but does not increase the risk of complications within 30 days of the procedure.
Reproducible big data science: A case study in continuous FAIRness
Authors: Madduri Ravi , Chard Kyle , D’ Arcy Mike , Jung Segun C. , Rodriguez Alexis , Sulakhe Dinanath , Deutsch Eric W. , Funk Cory , Heavner Ben , Richards Matthew , Shannon Paul , Glusman Gustavo , Price Nathan , Kesselman Carl , Foster Ian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBig biomedical data create exciting opportunities for discovery, but make it difficult to capture analyses and outputs in forms that are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). In response, we describe tools that make it easy to capture, and assign identifiers to, data and code throughout the data lifecycle. We illustrate the use of these tools via a case study involving a multi-step analysis that creates an atlas of putative transcription factor binding sites from terabytes of ENCODE DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing data. We show how the tools automate routine but complex tasks, capture analysis algorithms in understandable and reusable forms, and harness fast networks and powerful cloud computers to process data rapidly, all without sacrificing usability or reproducibility—thus ensuring that big data are not hard-to-(re)use data. We compare and contrast our approach with other approaches to big data analysis and reproducibility.
Thethaplotype, a selfish genetic element, manipulates migration propensity in free-living wild house miceMus musculus domesticus
Authors: Runge Jan-Niklas , Lindholm Anna K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLife is built on cooperation between genes, which makes it vulnerable to parasitism. However, selfish genetic elements that exploit this cooperation can achieve large fitness gains by increasing their transmission unfairly relative to the rest of the genome. This leads to counter-adaptations that generate unique selection pressures on the selfish genetic element. This arms race is similar to host-parasite co-evolution. Some multi-host parasites alter the host’s behaviour to increase the chance of transmission to the next host. Here we ask if, similarly to these parasites, a selfish genetic element in house mice, thethaplotype, also manipulates host behaviour, specifically the host’s migration propensity. Variants of thetthat manipulate migration propensity could increase in fitness in a meta-population. We show that juvenile mice carrying thethaplotype were more likely to emigrate from and were more often found as migrants within a long-term free-living house mouse population. This result may have applied relevance as thethas been proposed as a basis for artificial gene drive systems for use in population control.
Network Mechanisms Underlying the Role of Oscillations in Cognitive Tasks
Authors: Schmidt Helmut , Avitabile Daniele , Montbrió Ernest , Roxin Alex 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOscillatory activity robustly correlates with task demands during many cognitive tasks. However, not only are the network mechanisms underlying the generation of these rhythms poorly understood, but it is also still unknown to what extent they may play a functional role, as opposed to being a mere epiphenomenon. Here we study the mechanisms underlying the influence of oscillatory drive on network dynamics related to cognitive processing in simple working memory (WM), and memory recall tasks. Specifically, we investigate how the frequency of oscillatory input interacts with the intrinsic dynamics in networks of recurrently coupled spiking neurons to cause changes of state: the neuronal correlates of the corresponding cognitive process. We find that slow oscillations, in the delta and theta band, are effective in activating network states associated with memory recall by virtue of the hysteresis in sweeping through a saddle-node bifurcation. On the other hand, faster oscillations, in the beta range, can serve to clear memory states by resonantly driving transient bouts of spike synchrony which destabilize the activity. We leverage a recently derived set of exact mean-field equations for networks of quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons to systematically study the bifurcation structure in the periodically forced spiking network. Interestingly, we find that the oscillatory signals which are most effective in allowing flexible switching between network states are not smooth, pure sinusoids, but rather burst-like, with a sharp onset. We show that such periodic bursts themselves readily arise spontaneously in networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and that the burst frequency can be tuned via changes in tonic drive. Finally, we show that oscillations in the gamma range can actually stabilize WM states which otherwise would not persist.Author SummaryOscillations are ubiquitous in the brain and often correlate with distinct cognitive tasks. Nonetheless their role in shaping network dynamics, and hence in driving behavior during such tasks is poorly understood. Here we provide a comprehensive study of the effect of periodic drive on neuronal networks exhibiting multistability, which has been invoked as a possible circuit mechanism underlying the storage of memory states. We find that oscillatory drive in low frequency bands leads to robust switching between stored patterns in a Hopfield-like model, while oscillations in the beta band suppress sustained activity altogether. Furthermore, inputs in the gamma band can lead to the creation of working-memory states, which otherwise do not exist in the absence of oscillatory drive.
Optimization and uncertainty analysis of ODE models using 2nd order adjoint sensitivity analysis
Authors: Stapor Paul , Fröhlich Fabian , Hasenauer Jan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMotivationParameter estimation methods for ordinary differential equation (ODE) models of biological processes can exploit gradients and Hessians of objective functions to achieve convergence and computational efficiency. However, the computational complexity of established methods to evaluate the Hessian scales linearly with the number of state variables and quadratically with the number of parameters. This limits their application to low-dimensional problems.ResultsWe introduce second order adjoint sensitivity analysis for the computation of Hessians and a hybrid optimization-integration based approach for profile likelihood computation. Second order adjoint sensitivity analysis scales linearly with the number of parameters and state variables. The Hessians are effectively exploited by the proposed profile likelihood computation approach. We evaluate our approaches on published biological models with real measurement data. Our study reveals an improved computational efficiency and robustness of optimization compared to established approaches, when using Hessians computed with adjoint sensitivity analysis. The hybrid computation method was more than two-fold faster than the best competitor. Thus, the proposed methods and implemented algorithms allow for the improvement of parameter estimation for medium and large scale ODE models.AvailabilityThe algorithms for second order adjoint sensitivity analysis are implemented in the Advance MATLAB Interface CVODES and IDAS (AMICI, https://github.com/ICB-DCM/AMICI/). The algorithm for hybrid profile likelihood computation is implemented in the parameter estimation toolbox (PESTO, https://github.com/ICB-DCM/PESTO/). Both toolboxes are freely available under the BSD license.Contactjan.hasenauer@helmholtz-muenchen.deSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
End-to-end deep image reconstruction from human brain activity
Authors: Shen Guohua , Dwivedi Kshitij , Majima Kei , Horikawa Tomoyasu , Kamitani Yukiyasu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDeep neural networks (DNNs) have recently been applied successfully to brain decoding and image reconstruction from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity. However, direct training of a DNN with fMRI data is often avoided because the size of available data is thought to be insufficient to train a complex network with numerous parameters. Instead, a pre-trained DNN has served as a proxy for hierarchical visual representations, and fMRI data were used to decode individual DNN features of a stimulus image using a simple linear model, which were then passed to a reconstruction module. Here, we present our attempt to directly train a DNN model with fMRI data and the corresponding stimulus images to build an end-to-end reconstruction model. We trained a generative adversarial network with an additional loss term defined in a high-level feature space (feature loss) using up to 6,000 training data points (natural images and the fMRI responses). The trained deep generator network was tested on an independent dataset, directly producing a reconstructed image given an fMRI pattern as the input. The reconstructions obtained from the proposed method showed resemblance with both natural and artificial test stimuli. The accuracy increased as a function of the training data size, though not outperforming the decoded feature-based method with the available data size. Ablation analyses indicated that the feature loss played a critical role to achieve accurate reconstruction. Our results suggest a potential for the end-to-end framework to learn a direct mapping between brain activity and perception given even larger datasets.
Aberrant resting-state functional brain networks in dyslexia: Symbolic mutual information analysis of neuromagnetic signals
Authors: Dimitriadis Stavros I. , Simos Panagiotis G. , Fletcher Jack M. , Papanicolaou Andrew C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have identified a variety of structural and functional connectivity abnormalities in students experiencing reading difficulties. The present study adopted a novel approach to assess the dynamics of resting-state neuromagnetic recordings in the form of symbolic sequences (i.e., repeated patterns of neuromagnetic fluctuations within and/or between sensors).Participants were 25 students experiencing severe reading difficulties (RD) and 27 age-matched non-impaired readers (NI) aged 7-14 years. Sensor-level data were first represented as symbolic sequences in eight conventional frequency bands. Next, dominant types of sensor-to-sensor interactions in the form of intra and cross-frequency coupling were computed and subjected to graph modeling to assess group differences in global network characteristics.As a group RD students displayed predominantly within-frequency interactions between neighboring sensors which may reflect reduced overall global network efficiency and cost-efficiency of information transfer. In contrast, sensor networks among NI students featured a higher proportion of cross-frequency interactions. Brain-reading achievement associations highlighted the role of left hemisphere temporo-parietal functional networks, at rest, for reading acquisition and ability.HighlightsSymbolic dynamics of MEG time series revealed aberrant Cross Frequency Coupling in RD studentsGlobal efficiency and strength of Cross Frequency Coupling could reliably identify RD students from age-matched controlsGlobal Cost Efficiency, coupling strength, and the relative preponderance of cross-frequency interactions strongly correlated with reading achievement across groups.
Host-parasite coevolution can promote the evolution of seed banking as a bet-hedging strategy
Authors: Verin Mélissa , Tellier Aurélien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSeed (egg) banking is a common bet-hedging strategy maximizing the fitness of organisms facing environmental unpredictability by the delayed emergence of offspring. Yet, this condition often requires fast and drastic stochastic shifts between good and bad years. We hypothesize that the host seed banking strategy can evolve in response to coevolution with parasites because the coevolutionary cycles promote a gradually changing environment over longer times than seed persistence. We study the evolution of host germination fraction as a quantitative trait using both pairwise competition and multiple mutant competition methods, while the germination locus can be genetically linked or unlinked with the host locus under coevolution. In a gene-for-gene model of coevolution, hosts evolve a seed bank strategy under unstable coevolutionary cycles promoted by moderate to high costs of resistance or strong disease severity. Moreover, when assuming genetic linkage between coevolving and germination loci, the resistant genotype always evolves seed banking in contrast to susceptible hosts. Under a matching-allele interaction, both hosts’ genotypes exhibit the same seed banking strategy irrespective of the genetic linkage between loci. We suggest host-parasite coevolution as an additional hypothesis for the evolution of seed banking as a temporal bet-hedging strategy.