bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highlights from the Lowlands: Early Career Researchers Shine at Medicinal Chemistry Frontiers 2024
Authors: McKenna Sean M. , Borsari Chiara , Chin Chan Sean , Donckele Etienne J. , Faucher Franco F. , Grenier‐Davies Melissa C. , Haranahalli Krupanandan , Matagne Brieuc , Monastyrskyi Andrii , Petracca Rita 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEFMC‐ACS MEDI Medicinal Chemistry Frontiers 2024 welcomed scientists from across Europe and the USA to share their research at a Spring meeting hosted in the Netherlands. A stellar lineup of speakers including industry luminaries and academic leaders delivered presentations on their research, encompassing a wide variety of topics in drug discovery. The event also proved to be a worthy showcase for many wonderfully talented early career researchers in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Presented here are some of the notable themes and activities, as well as perspectives from the event.
Absorption and Excited‐State Coherences of Cryogenically Cold Retinal Protonated Schiff Base in Vacuo
Authors: Klinkby Nikolaj , Rasmussen Anne P. , Lauridsen Anders G. S. , Andersen Lars H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRetinal protonated Schiff base (RPSB), found in its all‐trans conformer in Bacteriorhodopsin, undergoes barrier‐controlled isomerization upon photoabsorption through polyene chain torsion. The effects of the protein environment on the active vibrations during photoabsorption and their redistribution are still not understood. This paper reports on femtosecond time‐resolved action‐absorption measurements of cryogenically cooled gas‐phase all‐trans RPSB, which exhibit two coherent vibrational oscillations, 167(14) cm
and 117(1) cm
, of the first excited state with dephasing times of
ps. The absence of the high‐frequency vibration in solution and the low‐frequency vibration in the protein indicates that these vibrations are sensitive to environments. An action‐absorption spectrum of cryogenically cold all‐trans RPSB, reveals a
cm
active vibration when using a hole‐burning technique and 1500 cm
C=C stretching modes.
Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation on Crystal Nucleation, Morphology and Structural Properties of Maltol Polymorphs I and II From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Srinivasan Kavipriya , Karuppannan Srinivasan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe impact of ultrasound on the nucleation control and separation of maltol polymorphs in aqueous solution has been studied for the first time. The study involved varying ultrasound parameters such as power (ranging from 75 to 225 W), pulse rate (from 10% to 50%), and insonation time (2, 4, and 6 min) at room temperature and at different supersaturation levels. In addition to the expected effects of supersaturation on induction time, nucleation, and morphology of the maltol polymorphs, ultrasound is found to have a significant influence on nucleation control and separation of the polymorphs. The results reveal that ultrasound promotes the nucleation of maltol polymorphs with shorter induction times by creating nucleation hot spots through cavitation effect, and improves the quality of the crystals. Notably, under specific conditions, ultrasound induces the nucleation of a rare metastable Form‐II polymorph of maltol in aqueous solution, while without ultrasound, only the stable Form‐I polymorph is obtained. Morphology of the nucleated polymorphs is observed using in situ optical microscopy, and their structure is confirmed through powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analyses. Furthermore, thermal stability of the grown stable Form‐I and metastable Form‐II polymorphs of maltol is verified using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Growth Kinetics on KDP Crystal (101) Faces In Situ Observed by Michelson Interference
Authors: Li Xianglin , Cao Xuecheng , Li Xiaojie , Zhao Huihui , Hou Ruoxian , Wang Shenglai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe effect of rotational speeds on the growth kinetics of KDP crystal (101) faces is explored by the Michelson interference technique. The experimental results show that the growth rates rise as the rotational speed increases. The decrease in rotational speed affects the slopes of growth hillock on KDP crystal (101) faces, resulting in an overall decrease in the slopes. The kinetic coefficient of KDP crystal (101) face increases with increasing rotational speeds, and always βI, βII>βIII.
Green Electrochemical Point‐of‐Care Devices: Transient Materials and Sustainable Fabrication Methods
Authors: Batet David , Gabriel Gemma 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe spread of point‐of‐care (PoC) diagnostic tests using electrochemical sensors poses a significant environmental challenge, especially in limited‐resource settings due to the lack of waste management infrastructure. This issue is expected to intensify with the emergence of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), necessitating eco‐friendly solutions for disposable devices. This review discusses efforts to develop green and sustainable PoC diagnostic devices, clarifying terms like biodegradability and transient electronics. It explores potential transient and biodegradable materials and fabrication technologies, emphasizing sustainable electronics with low‐energy consumption and low‐carbon footprint techniques, particularly favoring printing methods. The review highlights examples of necessary electronic components containing biodegradable materials for electrochemical PoC devices and discusses their role in device sustainability. Finally, it examines the feasibility of integrating these components and technologies into comprehensive biodegradable PoC devices, addressing the imminent need for eco‐friendly solutions in diagnostic testing. This comprehensive discussion serves as a guide for researchers and developers striving to mitigate the environmental impact of PoC testing in the era of IoMT and personalized medicine.
Metal‐Free N, P‐Codoped Carbon for Syngas Production with Tunable Composition via CO2 Electrolysis: Addressing the Competition Between CO2 Reduction and H2 Evolution
Authors: Takada Ryuji , Okada Hiroyuki , Narimatsu Kotaro , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Tsuji Etsushi , Nishiyama Norikazu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectroreduction of carbon dioxide into value‐added fine chemicals is a promising technique to realize the carbon cycle. Recently, metal‐free heteroatom doped carbons are proposed as promising cost‐effective electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the lack of understanding of the active site prevents the realization of a high‐performance electrocatalyst for the CO2RR. Herein, we synthesized metal‐free N, P co‐doped carbons (NPCs) for producing syngas, which is composed of H2 and CO, by CO2 electrolysis using inexpensive bio‐based raw materials via simple pyrolysis. The syngas ratio (H2/CO) can be controlled within the high demand range (0.3–4) at low potentials using NPCs by tuning the N and P contents. In comparison with only N doping or P doping, N and P co‐doping has a positive impact on improving CO2RR activity. Experimental analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that negatively charged C atoms adjacent to N and P atoms are the most favorable active sites for CO2‐to‐CO conversion compared to pyridinic N on N, P co‐doped carbon. Introducing N atoms generates the preferable CO2 adsorption site, and P atoms contribute to decreasing the Gibbs free energy barrier for key *COOH intermediates adsorbed on the negatively charged C atoms.
Disentangling the molecular mystery of tumour–microbiota interactions: Microbial metabolites
Authors: Duan Yu‐Fei , Dai Jia‐Hao , Lu Ying‐Qi , Qiao Han , Liu Na 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe profound impact of the microbiota on the initiation and progression of cancer has been a focus of attention. In recent years, many studies have shown that microbial metabolites serve as key hubs that connect the microbiome and cancer progression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Multiple mechanisms that influence tumour development and therapy resistance, including disrupting cellular signalling pathways, triggering oxidative stress, inducing metabolic reprogramming and reshaping tumour immune microenvironment, are reviewed. Focusing on recent advancements in this field, this review also summarises the methodological framework of studies regarding microbial metabolites. In this review, we outline the current state of research on tumour‐associated microbial metabolites and describe the challenges in future scientific research and clinical applications.Key points
Metabolites derived from both gut and intratumoural microbiota play important roles in cancer initiation and progression.
The dual roles of microbial metabolites pose an obstacle for clinical translations.
Absolute quantification and tracing techniques of microbial metabolites are essential for addressing the gaps in studies on microbial metabolites.
Integrating microbial metabolomics with multi‐omics transcends current research paradigms.
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor With Cytohistological Correlation: A Case Report
Authors: Woods Shane M. , Pei Robert , Wang Brant G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTJuxtaglomerular cell tumors (JCT) are uncommon renin‐secreting tumors of the kidney with cytologic findings of JCT rarely reported. We describe a case of JCT in a 37‐year‐old man with uncontrolled hypertension that was cured by removal of the tumor via partial nephrectomy. Cytology material was prepared by scraping of the freshly sectioned tumor mass and stained with Diff‐Quik and Papanicolaou stains. Cytohistological findings and immunohistochemistry studies are discussed regarding diagnosis and differential diagnoses.
Predicting the Potential Distribution of a Rodent Pest, Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus), Associated With Changes in Climate and Land Cover in South Korea
Authors: Kunwar Binod , Baral Suraj , Jeong Young‐Hun , Park Seon‐Mi , Choi Sung‐Hwan , Oh Hong‐Shik 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe distribution of mammalian pests is altered by changes in global climate and land cover. Rattus norvegicus is a significant pest that contributes to the catastrophic decline of native species. Therefore, the studies identifying potentially suitable habitats for Rattus norvegicus and the impact of future climate change on the extent of such habitats are crucial. In this study, we determined the effects of key environmental and ecological variables on Rattus norvegicus in South Korea by considering multiple climate changes, land cover, and dispersal scenarios. The available presence locations with the least correlated variables and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model along with multiple Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios were utilized to project current and future habitat suitability. Additionally, three dispersal scenarios were incorporated into the model to enrich the analysis of potential future distribution. Mean diurnal temperature, elevation, and nighttime light were the three most important variables contributing to the species' distribution. The coastal and northern regions of South Korea constitute currently suitable habitats and are expected to exhibit a significant increase in the species' population under future climate projections. The results demonstrate the potential expansion of Rattus norvegicus as a result of changes in climate and land cover and provide crucial insights into the species' environmental niches. This study highlights the potential areas for monitoring, early warning, and developing effective prevention and control strategies for Rattus norvegicus.
Condo or cuisine? The function of fine woody debris in driving decomposition, detritivores, and their predators
Authors: Benedetto Nicholas V. , McClain Craig R. , Clay Natalie A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCommunity structure and ecosystem function may be driven by the size or the energy within a given habitat, but these metrics (space and energy) are difficult to separate, especially in systems where the habitat itself is also food, such as detritus. Only a handful of studies have attempted to isolate potential mechanisms experimentally, which has left a notable knowledge gap in understanding the drivers of community structure and function. Here, we tested whether fine woody debris (FWD) affects leaf litter communities primarily as a source of space or energy. We used a crossed factor design to isolate the effects of FWD as space and energy, with four treatments: (1) no FWD, (2) only energy‐providing FWD (sawdust), (3) only space‐providing synthetic wood debris, and (4) a combination of both space and energy. We hypothesized that the highest levels of diversity, carnivore:detritivore ratio, and decomposition rate would occur on plots supplied with sawdust (representing energy), synthetic woody debris (representing space), or a combination of both, depending on the relative significance of FWD as a source of either energy or space. After 7 months, FWD as a source of energy but not space led to decreased decomposer abundance and richness. Conversely, increased proportion of carnivores and labile substrate decomposition was primarily driven by FWD as a source of space. However, the fastest decomposition of more recalcitrant substrates required both space and energy (additive), and the synergy of space and energy supported the greatest proportion of carnivores. These results suggest that the presence of FWD in forest ecosystems supports increased diversity and decomposition through a synergistic interaction of space and energy and the maintenance of deadwood like FWD in forest ecosystems can thus significantly contribute to forest ecosystem function.
Memory Phenotype Tfh Cells Develop Without Overt Infection and Support Germinal Center Formation and B Cell Responses to Viral Infection
Authors: Symonds Alistair L. J. , Busharat Zabreen , Du Mengmeng , Miao Tizong , Li Suling , Hou Xiujuan , Wang Ping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPathogen‐induced memory Tfh cells are important to maintain high‐affinity antibodies against pathogens. We have now discovered Tfh cells with a similar memory phenotype (MP) that develop in pathogen‐free conditions. These MP Tfh cells are similar to pathogen‐induced memory Tfh in both phenotype and function. They express FR4 and Egr2, which are both found in pathogen‐induced memory Tfh cells. FR4+Egr2+ CD4 MP cells express genes involved in the development of Tfh cells and homeostatic proliferation, as well as key metabolic pathways discovered in pathogen‐induced memory Tfh cells. MP Tfh cells can support B cell–mediated IgG production in vitro and induce germinal center formation and anti‐viral antibodies in response to virus infection. These mouse MP Tfh cells share a similar phenotype to human circulating Tfh cells that are increased in Sjögren's syndrome patients. Although Foxp3‐positive circulating T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are normal, a proportion of circulating Tfh cells from patients express increased levels of T‐bet, which is associated with high levels of inflammatory pathology. Thus, although they do not require overt infection for their development, MP Tfh cells are important for protective immune responses, and dysregulated MP Tfh responses may play a role in autoimmunity.
Nanofiber/Nanoparticle Electrodes for Ultra‐low Platinum Fuel Cells via Simultaneous Foam Electrospinning and Electrospraying
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Sun Rui , Elabd Yossef A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we developed a new technique, simultaneous foam electrospinning and electrospraying (FE/E), that produces nanofiber/nanoparticle electrodes at higher production rates compared to needle‐based electrospinning and electrospraying (E/E). Herein, the nanofiber amount was precisely controlled by applying various voltages on the foam electrospinning process at a fixed platinum (Pt) loading, which enables an exclusive investigation into the impact of ionomer nanofiber on fuel cell performance at ultra‐low Pt loadings for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The results show that fuel cell performance is strongly dependent on ionomer nanofiber content. At 0.04 mg/cm2 nanofiber amount, the electrodes exhibited the highest fuel cell power density of 1.09 W/cm2 and Pt utilization of 11.5 kW/gPt, which are 28% and 39% higher than those of the electrode produced via electrospraying alone, respectively. The improvement results from enhanced proton and gas transport stemming from the nanofiber network as verified by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and oxygen gain voltage analysis. The FE/E technique provides a pathway to produce ultra‐low Pt nanofiber/nanoparticle electrodes at high production rates and high fuel cell performance.
Hydrological Dynamics in Response to Vegetation Restoration in a Typical Wind–Water Erosion Crisscross Catchment
Authors: Jing Tongge , Fang Nufang , Ni Lingshan , Zhang Fengbao , Zeng Yi , Dai Wei , Shi Zhihua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe intricate climate and surface composition of the wind‐water erosion crisscross region create a distinctive environment for erosion and sediment production. However, research on the hydrological characteristics and responses to vegetation restoration in this area is limited. This study focuses on a representative catchment (3253 km2) in the northern Loess Plateau of China, examining the streamflow and sediment transport dynamics before (P1: 1977–1988) and after (P2: 2006–2017) vegetation restoration. Our results show that streamflow is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, while sediment transport is highly concentrated over a few days during the wet season. Flood events account for the majority of sediment yield, contributing over 70% in both periods, with hyperconcentrated flows (SSCp ≥ 300 kg m−3) being particularly significant. Vegetation restoration has resulted in an 85% reduction in annual sediment yield and an 89% decrease in the frequency of hyperconcentrated flood events. Despite these reductions, hyperconcentrated floods remain the dominant sediment transport mechanism, with just 9.7% of events in P2 responsible for nearly half of the sediment transported. Analyses of effective sediment transport discharge and sediment rating curves indicate a higher discharge threshold for hyperconcentrated floods post‐vegetation restoration, leading to a greater sediment transport magnitude in P2. Hysteresis analysis shows a predominant counter‐clockwise pattern in both periods, driven by abundant sediment sources and the high transport capacity of hyperconcentrated floods. Vegetation restoration has reduced the availability of sediment for transport, resulting in more linear relationships and decreased complexity in hysteresis patterns. Under future scenarios of intensified climate extremes, this region remains at high risk of erosion and sediment yield.
Association of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width to Albumin Ratio With the Prevalence of Kidney Stones Among the General Adult Population
Authors: Wu Linbin , Zhang Yuanfeng , Chen Dake , Chen Wu , Wu Yuanzhao , Yin Bowei , Kong Xianghui , Miao Feilong , Ye Ruxian , Li Chengpeng , Li Xiaodan , Chen Li 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and serum albumin levels are potential indicators of inflammatory conditions. However, the relationship between the RDW to albumin ratio (RAR) and the prevalence of kidney stones in the general adult population is not yet established.MethodsThis study utilized data from the 2007 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) project. RAR levels were calculated by dividing RDW by albumin. Multiple logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were applied to examine the associations between RDW, albumin, RAR, and the prevalence of kidney stones.ResultsA total of 31,417 adults (2987 participants with kidney stones) were included for analysis. The mean age of the participants was 47.84 ± 0.23 years, and 48.86% were male. The mean of RDW, albumin, and RAR was 13.25 ± 0.02%, 4.26 ± 0.01 g/dL, and 3.14 ± 0.01, respectively. Compared to the first quartile, the fourth quartile of RDW (OR = 1.44 [1.21–1.72], Ptrend < 0.001) and RAR (OR = 1.62 [1.35–1.95], Ptrend < 0.001) were positively associated with the prevalence of kidney stones, whereas albumin (OR = 0.75 [0.63–0.89], Ptrend < 0.001) was negatively associated with the prevalence of kidney stones after multivariable adjustment. Furthermore, we found that both RDW and RAR levels were positively and non‐linearly related to the prevalence of kidney stones, with inflection points of 13.50% and 3.23, respectively. On the other hand, serum albumin concentrations exhibited a linear association with the prevalence of kidney stones.ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher RAR levels are associated with an increased prevalence of kidney stones in the general adult population.
The potential hazards of high doses of vitamin B6 in treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: He Ling , Fan Yulin , Hu Yuanmei , Tian Chunhua , Tian Ying , Zhang Jidong , Ren Yanping , Tan Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVitamin B6 is frequently utilized as a therapeutic agent for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). Research indicates that excessive intake of vitamin B6 can have implications on neurological function, underscoring the importance of cautious consideration when administering vitamin B6 treatment during early pregnancy. This systematic review investigates the effects of high doses of vitamin B6 on pregnant women experiencing NVP. We searched the PubMed® MEDLINE® database for articles using the following terms: “pregnancy” or “nausea and vomiting during pregnancy” and “vitamin B6.” Women with nausea and vomiting symptoms during pregnancy use more than the tolerable amount of vitamin B6. A total of 136 articles were identified from the PubMed® MEDLINE® database. The etiology and treatment of NVP are briefly outlined, followed by a summary and analysis of 19 relevant literature sources. Among these sources, 12 reports detailed the adverse effects of excessive vitamin B6 intake in women; 164/1226 individuals experienced neurological symptoms such as burning, tingling, paresthesia, ataxia, or perioral numbness. Additionally, out of 245 women, four experienced miscarriages and one had an intrauterine demise. The overconsumption of vitamin B6 has the potential to impact nerve function, particularly during the critical first trimester of embryonic development. It might result in adverse outcomes such as miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and congenital abnormalities.