bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). IV. The hippocampal formation
Authors: Imam Aminu , Bhagwandin Adhil , Ajao Moyosore S. , Ihunwo Amadi O. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEmploying a range of standard and immunohistochemical stains we provide a description of the hippocampal formation in the brain of the tree pangolin. For the most part, the architecture, chemical neuroanatomy, and topological relationships of the component parts of the hippocampal formation of the tree pangolin were consistent with that observed in other mammalian species. Within the hippocampus proper fields CA1, 3, and 4 could be identified with certainty, while CA2 was tentatively identified as a small transitional zone between the CA1 and CA3 fields. Within the dentate gyrus evidence for adult hippocampal neurogenesis at a rate comparable to other mammals was observed. The subicular complex and entorhinal cortex also exhibited divisions typically observed in other mammalian species. In contrast to many other mammals, an architecturally and neurochemically distinct CA4 field was observed, supporting Lorente de Nó's proposed CA4 field, at least in some mammalian species. In addition, up to seven laminae were evident in the dentate gyrus. Calretinin immunostaining revealed the three sublamina of the molecular layer, while immunostaining for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and neurofilament H indicate that the granule cell layer was composed of two sublamina. The similarities and differences observed in the tree pangolin indicate that the hippocampal formation is an anatomically and neurochemically conserved neural unit in mammalian evolution, but minor changes may relate to specific life history features and habits of species.
Managing a Cray supercomputer as a git branch
Authors: Jacobsen Douglas M. , Kleinman Randy , Longley Harold 
Published: December 2018

SummaryModern software engineering/DevOps techniques applied to Cray XC Series systems management enable higher fidelity translation from test to production environments, reduce administration costs by avoiding duplicate efforts, and increase reliability. This can be done by using a git repository to track and manage all system configurations on the SMW(s) (System Management Workstation) and then adapt a gitflow‐like development methodology. Using git improves change management with peer review of changes, identification of who made a change, knowing why a change was made, facilitating easier reversion of bad changes, and enables a workflow using the ideas from gitflow with individual branches for preparing, maintaining, and recording releases. Using branches enables multiple contributors to work on different types of changes without getting unexpected changes from another feature area. We will describe a process similar to that used at NERSC (National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center) to extract/abstract configuration data, manage it using git, and then re‐apply changes to the SMW(s).
Adaptive optimal multi key based encryption for digital image security
Authors: Shankar K. , Lakshmanaprabu S.K. , Gupta Deepak , Khanna Ashish , de Albuquerque Victor Hugo C. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe security of digital images is an essential and challenging task on shared communication Model. Generally, high secure working environment and data are also secured with an encryption and decryption method by using secret and public keys. In this paper, the innovative encryption technique for image security, ie, Multiple key‐based Homomorphic Encryption (MHE) technique is proposed. For increasing the security level of encryption and decryption processes, the optimal key is selected using Adaptive Whale Optimization (AWO) algorithm. Fitness function was considered for optimization as PSNR of plain and cipher images. The original image was transformed into blocks and then rearranged utilizing encryption process, this work achieved maximum security, much better than other encryption techniques. From the outcomes, one can achieve incredible quality of the proposed model, the maximum PSNR, and the minimum MSE contrasted with other encryption schemes.
An effective cluster based data dissemination in a hybrid cellular ad hoc network
Authors: Rajkumar M. , Suresh R.M. , Sasikumar R. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryRecent research works have shown much interest in incorporating ad hoc networks with a cellular network to improve the data dissemination. The primary challenge of disseminating data over a hybrid network is to select the mode of operation between the cellular and ad hoc interfaces effectively. This work proposes Adaptive Data Dissemination (ADD) algorithm that enables the nodes to switch between the cellular and ad hoc interfaces and reduces the burden of the base station without degrading the communication efficiency. The proposed algorithm partitions the entire network into small clusters and selects the cluster head for each cluster based on the link‐worth function. This algorithm divides the transmission range of a base station into two regions such as interior and exterior. The interior region is nearer to the base station, while the exterior constitutes the border region of the base station's coverage area. The cluster heads in the interior region choose the cellular mode and retrieve the data from the base station directly. The cluster head in the exterior region initially chooses the ad hoc mode and later on chooses the cellular mode in the unavailability of demanding data in the neighboring cluster. The ADD algorithm does not allow the same node to act as a cluster head for a long time as the energy will get drained‐off quickly. Therefore, the proposed approach dynamically exchanges the role of the cluster head with the cluster members based on the link‐worth function. The base station deals only with the cluster heads in the interior range, and hence, minimizing the resource consumption at the base station. Nodes exchange as many chunks as possible using ad hoc links to reduce cellular network usage. The success of the proposed approach is evaluated using NS2 simulation.
Dynamic anonymous identity authentication (DAIA) scheme for VANET
Authors: Liu Yi‐Ning , Lv Song‐Zhan , Xie Ming , Chen Zu‐Bin , Wang Peng 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWith the development of the vehicular ad hoc network, the security and privacy are now becoming vital concerns, especially when the attacker owns more and more resources. In order to address these concerns, a dynamic anonymous identity authentication scheme is proposed using Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem and blockchain method, which guarantees the security and fast off‐line authentication for vehicle‐to‐infrastructure. Specifically, a dynamic pseudonym key is generated using tamper proof device (TPD) for off‐line authentication and anonymity when a vehicle roams among different roadside units' (RSUs) communication ranges. Even if all RSUs are compromised, vehicle's identity is still privacy. Moreover, two additional design goals are more suitable for the practical environment: (1) the reduced assumption of TPD; (2) certification authority can trace vehicle under the authorization by law.
The psychobiology of emotional development: The case for examining sociocultural processes
Authors: Michalska Kalina J. , Davis Elizabeth L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPsychobiological techniques to assess emotional responding have revolutionized the field of emotional development in recent decades by equipping researchers with the tools to quantify children's emotional reactivity and regulation more directly than behavioral approaches allow. Knowledge gained from the incorporation of methods spanning levels of analysis has been substantial, yet many open questions remain. In this prospective review, we (a) describe the major conceptual and empirical advances that have resulted from this methodological innovation, and (b) lay out a case for what we view as the most pressing challenge for the next decades of research into the psychobiology of emotional development: focusing empirical efforts toward understanding the implications of the broader sociocultural contexts in which children develop that shape the psychobiology of emotion. Thus, this review integrates previous knowledge about the psychobiology of emotion with a forward‐looking set of recommendations for incorporating sociocultural processes into future investigations.
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of 10 illicit drugs in oral fluid collected with FLOQSwabs™ and application to real samples
Authors: Fabresse Nicolas , Aouad Hassan , Knapp Adeline , Mayer Charlotte , Etting Isabelle , Larabi Islam Amine , Alvarez Jean‐Claude 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAccording to French law, the roadside testing for drugs of abuse (DOA) should be performed in oral fluid (OF) using an immunological screening kit. If the screening is positive, confirmation has to be done in OF collected by a special swab, called the FLOQSwab™ (FS). Unlike other sampling kits, this device was not designed to collect OF since it does not contain an elution buffer. An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous detection of 10 DOA under control in France: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at 1 ng/mL, and cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE), morphine, 6‐monoacetylmorphine (6‐MAM), amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐ethylamphetamine (MDEA), 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐methylamphetamine (MDMA) at 10 ng/mL. Samples were eluted using the Quantisal® buffer and extracted by liquid–liquid extraction for THC and by solid‐phase extraction for the remaining analytes. Analyses were performed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The validated method made it possible to detect the concentrations required by law and was successfully applied to samples from drivers who screened positive. The main limitations of this kit are the large variability of the collected OF volume and the poor stability of DOA in OF, requiring the use of a conservation buffer.
Little evidence of a road‐effect zone for nocturnal, flying insects
Authors: Bhardwaj Manisha , Soanes Kylie , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. , Lumsden Linda F. , van der Ree Rodney 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRoads and traffic may be contributing to global declines of insect populations. The ecological effects of roads often extend far into the surrounding habitat, over a distance known as the road‐effect zone. The quality of habitat in the road‐effect zone is generally degraded (e.g., due to edge effects, noise, light, and chemical pollution) and can be reflected in species presence, abundance, or demographic parameters. Road‐effect zones have been quantified for some vertebrate species but are yet to be quantified for insects. Investigating the road‐effect zone for insects will provide a better understanding of how roads impact ecosystems, which is particularly important given the role insects play as pollinators, predators, and prey for other species. We quantified the road‐effect zone for nocturnal flying insects along three major freeways in agricultural landscapes in southeast Australia. We collected insects using light traps at six points along 2‐km transects perpendicular to each highway (n = 17). We sorted the samples into order, and dried and weighed each order to obtain a measure of dry biomass. Using regression models within a Bayesian framework of inference, we estimated the change in biomass of each order with distance from the road, while accounting for environmental variables such as temperature, moon phase, and vegetation structure. The biomass of nine of the ten orders sampled did not change with distance from the freeway. Orthoptera (i.e., grasshoppers and crickets) was the only order whose biomass increased with distance from the freeway. From our findings, we suggest that the impacts of roads on insects are unlikely extending into the surrounding landscape over a distance of 2 km. Therefore, if there are impacts of roads on insects, these are more likely to be concentrated at the road itself, or on finer taxonomic scales such as family or genus level.
Energetically relevant predator–prey body mass ratios and their relationship with predator body size
Authors: Reum Jonathan C. P. , Holsman Kirstin K. , Aydin Kerim Y. , Blanchard Julia L. , Jennings Simon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFood web structure and dynamics depend on relationships between body sizes of predators and their prey. Species‐based and community‐wide estimates of preferred and realized predator–prey mass ratios (PPMR) are required inputs to size‐based size spectrum models of marine communities, food webs, and ecosystems. Here, we clarify differences between PPMR definitions in different size spectrum models, in particular differences between PPMR measurements weighting prey abundance in individual predators by biomass (rbio) and numbers (rnum). We argue that the former weighting generates PPMR as usually conceptualized in equilibrium (static) size spectrum models while the latter usually applies to dynamic models. We use diet information from 170,689 individuals of 34 species of fish in Alaskan marine ecosystems to calculate both PPMR metrics. Using hierarchical models, we examine how explained variance in these metrics changed with predator body size, predator taxonomic resolution, and spatial resolution. In the hierarchical analysis, variance in both metrics emerged primarily at the species level and substantially less variance was associated with other (higher) taxonomic levels or with spatial resolution. This suggests that changes in species composition are the main drivers of community‐wide mean PPMR. At all levels of analysis, relationships between weighted mean rbio or weighted mean rnum and predator mass tended to be dome‐shaped. Weighted mean rnum values, for species and community‐wide, were approximately an order of magnitude higher than weighted mean rbio, reflecting the consistent numeric dominance of small prey in predator diets. As well as increasing understanding of the drivers of variation in PPMR and providing estimates of PPMR in the north Pacific Ocean, our results demonstrate that that rbio or rnum, as well as their corresponding weighted means for any defined group of predators, are not directly substitutable. When developing equilibrium size‐based models based on bulk energy flux or comparing PPMR estimates derived from the relationship between body mass and trophic level with those based on diet analysis, weighted mean rbio is a more appropriate measure of PPMR. When calibrating preference PPMR in dynamic size spectrum models then weighted mean rnum will be a more appropriate measure of PPMR.
Identifying spawning sites and other critical habitat in lotic systems using eDNA “snapshots”: A case study using the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus L.
Authors: Bracken Fiona S. A. , Rooney Sean M. , Kelly‐Quinn Mary , King James J. , Carlsson Jens 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany aquatic species of conservation concern exist at low densities and are inherently difficult to detect or monitor using conventional methods. However, the introduction of environmental (e)DNA has recently transformed our ability to detect these species and enables effective deployment of limited conservation resources. Identifying areas for breeding, as well as the ecological distribution of species, is vital to the survival or recovery of a conservation species (i.e., areas of critical habitat). In many species, spawning events are associated with a higher relative abundance of DNA released within an aquatic system (i.e., gametes, skin cells etc.), making this the ideal time to monitor these species using eDNA techniques. This study aims to examine whether a “snapshot” eDNA sampling approach (i.e., samples taken at fixed points in chronological time) could reveal areas of critical habitat including spawning sites for our target species Petromyzon marinus. We utilized a species‐specific qPCR assay to monitor spatial and temporal patterns in eDNA concentration within two river catchments in Ireland over three consecutive years. We found that eDNA concentration increased at the onset of observed spawning activity and patterns of concentration increased from downstream to upstream over time, suggesting dispersal into the higher reaches as the spawning season progressed. We found P. marinus to be present upstream of several potential barriers to migration, sometimes in significant numbers. Our results also show that the addition of a lamprey‐specific fish pass at an “impassable” weir, although assisting in ascent, did not have any significant impact on eDNA concentration upstream after the pass had been installed. eDNA concentration was also found to be significantly correlated with both the number of fish and the number of nests encountered. The application of snapshot sampling techniques for species monitoring therefore has substantial potential for the management of low‐density species in fast‐moving aquatic systems.
Habitat associations of bats in a working rangeland landscape
Authors: Trubitt Rebecca T. , Hovick Torre J. , Gillam Erin H. , McGranahan Devan A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLand‐use change has resulted in rangeland loss and degradation globally. These changes include conversion of native grasslands for row‐crop agriculture as well as degradation of remaining rangeland due to fragmentation and changing disturbance regimes. Understanding how these and other factors influence wildlife use of rangelands is important for conservation and management of wildlife populations. We investigated bat habitat associations in a working rangeland in southeastern North Dakota. We used Petterson d500x acoustic detectors to systematically sample bat activity across the study area on a 1‐km point grid. We identified calls using Sonobat autoclassification software. We detected five species using this working rangeland, which included Lasionycteris noctivagans (2,722 detections), Lasiurus cinereus (2,055 detections), Eptesicus fuscus (749 detections), Lasiurus borealis (62 detections), and Myotis lucifugus (1 detection). We developed generalized linear mixed‐effects models for the four most frequently detected species based on their ecology. The activity of three bat species increased with higher tree cover. While the scale of selection varied between the four species, all three investigated scales were explanatory for at least one bat species. The broad importance of trees to bats in rangelands may put their conservation needs at odds with those of obligate grassland species. Focusing rangeland bat conservation on areas that were treed prior to European settlement, such as riparian forests, can provide important areas for bat conservation while minimizing negative impacts on grassland species.
Agrilus maliMatsumara (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a new invasive pest of wild apple in western China: DNA barcoding and life cycle
Authors: Bozorov Tohir A. , Luo Zhaohui , Li Xiaoshuang , Zhang Daoyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAgrilus maliMatsumara (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a wood‐boring beetle distributed to eastern China that occasionally injures apple species. However, this wood‐boring beetle is new to the wild apple forests (Malus sieversii) of the Tianshan Mountains (western China) and has caused extensive tree mortality. The development of a biological control program for these wild apple forests is a high priority that requires exploration of the life cycle, DNA barcoding and taxonomic status ofA. mali. In this study, to determine the diversity of invasive beetles, a fragment of the mitochondrialcytochrome oxidasegene was analyzed. Based on the results, beetles from Gongliu and Xinyuan counties of Xinjiang were identical but differed from those in the apple nursery of Gongliu by a single‐nucleotide substitution. We summarize the taxonomic status, relationships, and genetic distances ofA. maliamong otherAgrilusspecies using the Tajima‐Nei model in maximum likelihood phylogeny. Analysis revealed thatA. maliwas closely related toAgrilus mendaxand both belong to theSinuatiagrulussubgenus. The life cycle ofA. maliwas investigated based on a monthly regular inspection in the wild apple forests of Tianshan. Similar to congeneric species, hosts are injured by larvae ofA. malifeeding on phloem tissue, resulting in serpentine galleries constructed between bark and xylem that prevent nutrient transport and leading to tree mortality. Future studies will focus on plant physiological responses to the invasive beetles and include surveys of natural enemies for a potential classical biological control program.
Leaf temperatures mediate alpine plant communities’ response to a simulated extended summer
Authors: Wentz Katherine F. , Neff Jason C. , Suding Katharine N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe use a quantitative model of photosynthesis to explore leaf‐level limitations to plant growth in an alpine tundra ecosystem that is expected to have longer, warmer, and drier growing seasons. The model is parameterized with abiotic and leaf trait data that is characteristic of two dominant plant communities in the alpine tundra and specifically at the Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research Site: the dry and wet meadows. Model results produce realistic estimates of photosynthesis, nitrogen‐use efficiency, water‐use efficiency, and other gas exchange processes in the alpine tundra. Model simulations suggest that dry and wet meadow plant species do not significantly respond to changes in the volumetric soil moisture content but are sensitive to variation in foliar nitrogen content. In addition, model simulations indicate that dry and wet meadow species have different maximum rates of assimilation (normalized for leaf nitrogen content) because of differences in leaf temperature. These differences arise from the interaction of plant height and the abiotic environment characteristic of each plant community. The leaf temperature of dry meadow species is higher than wet meadow species and close to the optimal temperature for photosynthesis under current conditions. As a result, 2°C higher air temperatures in the future will likely lead to declines in dry meadow species’ carbon assimilation. On the other hand, a longer and warmer growing season could increase nitrogen availability and assimilation rates in both plant communities. Nonetheless, a temperature increase of 4°C may lower rates of assimilation in both dry and wet meadow plant communities because of higher, and suboptimal, leaf temperatures.