bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Harris Kumar D , Renga Boss V 
Published: April 2019

An effective personal assistant should have adaptability, judgment, and technical, team player, customer service & communication skills, from the olden days personal assistant has been assigned to look after a team. A personal assistant (PA) usually carries out administrative work on behalf of one individual. The role of a PA is to free an executive’s time from organizing and administrative tasks so that they can spend maximum time on strategic tasks. Now we are living in the technological emerging world, physical personal assistants are replaced by the virtual assistant, they can be in the form of small device or robots and even it can be a contract that is signed over the Internet that assists in the day to day tasks performed by the human. Artificial intelligence plays an important role in a virtual assistant.
One common characterization of intelligent computation is based on the ability to solve a problem. Types of problems requiring intelligence include inference based on acquiring knowledge, reasoning, and acting with uncertain or incomplete information, various forms of perception and learning, and applications to problems such as control, prediction, classification, and optimization. The second characterization of AI computation is based on the underlying mechanism for biological processes it is used to arrive a solution. The primary variant of this category is neural networks and genetic algorithms. This view of AI is necessary even if such techniques are used to compute things that don’t appear intelligent in the way of computing. In this article the current trend of Artificial intelligence has been discussed.
Revisiting the HIP 41378 System with K2 and Spitzer
Authors: Berardo David , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Werner Michael , Petigura Erik , Christiansen Jessie , Ciardi David R. , Dressing Courtney , Fulton Benjamin J. , Gorjian Varoujan , Greene Thomas P. , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin , Kane Stephen R. , Livingston John , Morales Farisa , Schlieder Joshua E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present new observations of the multiplanet system HIP 41378, a bright star (V = 8.9, K

s
= 7.7) with five known transiting planets. Previous K2 observations showed multiple transits of two Neptune-sized bodies and single transits of three larger planets (R

P
= 0.33R

J
, 0.47R

J
, 0.88R

J
). K2 recently observed the system again in Campaign 18 (C18). We observe one new transit each of two of the larger planets d/f, giving maximal orbital periods of 1114/1084 days, as well as integer divisions of these values down to a lower limit of about 50 days. We use all available photometry to determine the eccentricity distributions of HIP 41378 d & f, finding that periods ≲300 days require non-zero eccentricity. We check for overlapping orbits of planets d and f to constrain their mutual periods, finding that short periods (P < 300 days) for planet f are disfavored. We also observe transits of planets b and c with Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), which we combine with the K2 observations to search for transit timing variations (TTVs). We find a linear ephemeris for planet b, but see a significant TTV signal for planet c. The ability to recover the two smaller planets with Spitzer shows that this fascinating system will continue to be detectable with Spitzer, CHEOPS, TESS, and other observatories, allowing us to precisely determine the periods of d and f, characterize the TTVs of planet c, recover the transits of planet e, and further enhance our view of this remarkable dynamical laboratory.
Origin and Evolution of Long-period Comets
Authors: Vokrouhlický David , Nesvorný David , Dones Luke 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We develop an evolutionary model of the long-period comet (LPC) population, starting from their birthplace in a massive trans-Neptunian disk that was dispersed by migrating giant planets. Most comets that remain bound to the solar system are stored in the Oort cloud. Galactic tides and passing stars make some of these bodies evolve into observable comets in the inner solar system. Our approach models each step in a full-fledged numerical framework. Subsequent analysis consists of applying plausible fading models and computing the original orbits to compare with observations. Our results match the observed semimajor axis distribution of LPCs when Whipple’s power-law fading scheme with an exponent

is adopted. The cumulative perihelion (q) distribution is well fit by a linear increase plus a weak quadratic term. Beyond q = 15 au, however, the population increases steeply, and the isotropy of LPC orbital planes breaks. We find tentative evidence from the perihelion distribution of LPCs that the returning comets are depleted in supervolatiles and become active due to water ice sublimation for q ≤ 3 au. Using an independent calibration of the population of the initial disk, our predicted LPC flux is smaller than observations suggest by a factor of ≃2. Current data only characterize comets from the outer Oort cloud (semimajor axes ≳104 au). A true boost in understanding the Oort cloud’s structure should result from future surveys when they detect LPCs with perihelia beyond 15 au. Our results provide observational predictions of what can be expected from these new data.
Dust Continuum Emission and the Upper Limit Fluxes of Submillimeter Water Lines of the Protoplanetary Disk around HD 163296 Observed by ALMA
Authors: Notsu Shota , Akiyama Eiji , Booth Alice , Nomura Hideko , Walsh Catherine , Hirota Tomoya , Honda Mitsuhiko , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Millar T. J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the upper limit fluxes of submillimeter ortho-H2
16O 321 GHz, para-H2
18O 322 GHz, and HDO 335 GHz lines from the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. These water lines are considered to be the best candidate submillimeter lines to locate the position of the H2O snowline, on the basis of our previous model calculations. We compare the upper limit fluxes with the values calculated by our models with dust emission included, and we constrain the line-emitting region and the dust opacity from the observations. We conclude that, if the outer edge of the region with a high water abundance and the position of the water snowline are both beyond 8 au, then themillimeter dust opacity κ
mm will have a value larger than 2.0 cm2 g−1. In addition, the position of the water snowline must lie inside 20 au if the millimeter dust opacity κ
mm is 2.0 cm2 g−1. Future observations of the dust continuum emission at higher angular resolution and submillimeter water lines with a longer observation time are required to clarify the detailed structures and the position of the H2O snowline in the disk midplane.
The Redshift Dependence of the Alcock–Paczynski Effect: Cosmological Constraints from the Current and Next Generation Observations
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Miao Haitao , Wang Xin , Zhang Xue , Fang Feng , Luo Xiaolin , Huang Qing-Guo , Li Miao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The tomographic Alcock–Paczynski (AP) test is a robust large-scale structure (LSS) measurement that receives little contamination from the redshift space distortion. It has placed tight cosmological constraints by using small and intermediate clustering scales of the LSS data. However, previous works have neglected the cross-correlation among different redshift bins, which could cause the statistical uncertainty being underestimated by ∼20%. In this work, we further improve this method by including this multi-redshift’s full correlation. We apply it to the SDSS DR12 galaxies sample and find out that, for ΛCDM, the combination of AP with the Planck+BAO data set slightly reduces (within 1σ) Ω
m
to 0.304 ± 0.007 (68.3% CL). This then leads to a larger H
0 and also mildly affects Ω
b

h
2 and n

s
as well as the derived parameters z
*, r
*, and z

re
but not τ, A

s
, and σ
8. For the flat wCDM model, our measurement gives Ω
m
= 0.301 ± 0.010 and w = −1.090 ± 0.047, where the additional AP measurement reduces the error budget by ∼25%. When including more parameters into the analysis, the AP method also improves the constraints on Ω
k
,

, and N
eff by 20%–30%. Early universe parameters such as

and r, however, are unaffected. Assuming the dark energy equation of state

, the Planck+BAO+SNe Ia+H
0+AP data sets prefer a dynamical dark energy at ≈1.5σ CL. Finally, we forecast the cosmological constraints expected from the DESI galaxy survey and find that combining AP with the CMB+BAO method would improve the w
0–w

a
constraint by a factor of ∼10.
Do Halos that Form Early, Have High Concentration, Are Part of a Pair, or Contain a Central Galaxy Potential Host More Pronounced Planes of Satellite Galaxies?
Authors: Pawlowski Marcel S. , Bullock James S. , Kelley Tyler , Famaey Benoit 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy, and Centaurus A host flattened distributions of satellite galaxies that exhibit coherent velocity trends indicative of rotation. Comparably extreme satellite structures are very rare in cosmological ΛCDM simulations, giving rise to the “satellite plane problem.” As a possible explanation, it has been suggested that earlier-forming, higher-concentration host halos contain more flattened and kinematically coherent satellite planes. We have tested for such a proposed correlation between the satellite plane and host halo properties in the Exploring the Local Volume in Simulations suite of simulations. We find evidence for neither a correlation of plane flattening with halo concentration or formation time nor a correlation of kinematic coherence with concentration. The height of the thinnest subhalo planes does correlate with the host virial radius and the radial extent of the subhalo system. This can be understood as an effect of not accounting for differences in the radial distribution of subhalos and selecting them from different volumes than covered by the actual observations. Being part of a halo pair like the Local Group does not result in narrower or more correlated satellite planes either. Additionally, using the Phat ELVIS simulations, we show that the presence of a central galaxy potential does not favor narrower or more correlated satellite planes; rather, it leads to slightly wider planes. Such a central potential is a good approximation of the dominant effect baryonic physics in cosmological simulations has on a subhalo population. This suggests that, in contrast to other small-scale problems, the issue of planes of satellite galaxies is made worse by accounting for baryonic effects.
Structure of Our Galactic Bulge from CN Measurements
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The double red clumps (DRCs) are now dominantly believed to be the strong observational line of evidence of the so-called X-shaped Galactic bar structures. Recently, Lee et al. reported a subtle mean δCN(3839) difference between the DRCs and suggested a dichotomic picture that can be seen in globular clusters: the faint red clump is the first generation, while the bright red clump corresponds to the second generation (SG). They argued that the magnitude difference between the DRCs is due to different stellar populations, and is not due to the geometric difference between the DRCs. Our reanalysis shows that their data do not appear to support the idea of multiple population-induced DRCs in our Galactic bulge. We perform fully empirical Monte Carlo simulations and find that the shape of the δCN(3839) distributions is the most stringent evidence to pursue. Our results strongly suggest that the CN distributions toward the Galactic bulge are qualitatively consistent with the X-shaped Galactic bulge with a minor fraction of the SG of about 2%–3%.
Variations of Solar Oblateness with the 22 yr Magnetic Cycle Explain Apparently Inconsistent Measurements
Authors: Irbah Abdanour , Mecheri Redouane , Damé Luc , Djafer Djelloul 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Solar oblateness results from distortion processes due to several phenomena inside of the Sun, but it can also be induced by the centrifugal potential of surface rotation. This fundamental parameter is of great scientific interest, yet for more than a century its measurements have remained a controversial topic, whether because of its average value or its variations observed (or not) over time. Special images acquired for almost the whole of Cycle 24 by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory are used for calculating solar oblateness. The average oblateness obtained is 8.8 ± 0.8 mas, in good agreement with measurements over the last two decades. Variations are observed in anti-phase with the solar activity during Cycle 24, whereas they were in phase with activity during Cycle 23. More generally, the trend of both in-phase variation during odd cycles and anti-phase variation during even cycles is confirmed when revisiting past measurements. Therefore, it is possible that the Sun initiates a physical process resulting in a pulsation with the 22 yr magnetic cycle; it has extreme values during the polarity reversals, with a maximum swelling during odd cycles and the opposite for even ones. This oscillation could resolve the controversy surrounding past measurements.
Pharmacological correction of endothelial dysfunction using ademethionin and taurine
Authors: Khadiyeva Taisiya A. , Pokrovskaya Tatyana G. , Belousova Yuliya V. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Рharmacological correction of endothelial dysfunction is a urgent problem of modern medicine.
Materials and methods: Endothelial dysfunction was simulated in male rats using the e-NOS inhibitor L-NAME (25 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally, for 7 days). Simulation of ADMA-like preeclampsia was performed by intraperitoneal injection of L-NAME to females in the same doses for 7 days (14-20th days of pregnancy). These pathologies were corrected by administering ademethionine in dose 150 mg/kg and taurine at a dose of 260 mg/kg, as well as their com­bination at the same doses, intragastrically, through an atraumatic probe, once a day.
Results: In the group with use of taurine at a dose of 260 mg/kg the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction decreased to the level of intact animals. Use of ademethionine at a dose of 150 mg/kg and taurine at a dose of 260 mg/kg combined resulted in the most pronounced endothelioprotective effect on the ADMA-like preeclampsia model. The coefficient of endothelial dysfunction decreased more than when using monotherapy of these drugs. Morphological studies of myo­cardiocytes showed that the combination of ademethionine at a dose of 150 mg/kg and taurine at a dose of 260 mg/kg prevented an increase in the cross-section of cardiomyocytes.
Discussion: Possibly, ademethionine and taurine have an endothelioprotective effect because of their ability to decrease hyperhomocysteinemia.
Conclusion: The investigated drugs showed pronounced endothelioprotective activity and can be recommended for further pre-clinical studies.
L’analyse de pratique ou comment rester soi-même
Authors: Malcoeffe Evelyne 
Published: April 2019

On dit communément que les enfants grandissent, que les ados mûrissent et que les « profs » prennent de la bouteille – sous-entendu se bonifient, deviennent « meilleurs » tel un bon vin. Certes ! Il y a pourtant plus efficace que le nombre des années pour aider un enseignant à faire son métier avec plus de sérénité : l’analyse des pratiques professionnelles. Ce nom ronflant désigne un dispositif simple encadré par un professionnel, permettant à des enseignants volontaires de se réunir, au mieux, deux fois par mois pour échanger sur leurs pratiques, leurs questionnements, leurs petits bonheurs et leurs grands malheurs qui jalonnent leur quotidien.	Bureau des pleurs ? Cet article devrait dissuader les plus réticents d’adopter un tel jugement. À travers le récit d’une situation réelle – en l’occurrence un accrochage entre un élève et une enseignante –, ce témoignage tente d’illustrer le rôle positif que joue l’ app dans l’exercice du métier d’enseignant. Il ne s’agit pas là d’écrire une tribune mais plutôt de montrer que l’ app , souvent méconnu, redonne du sens, de l’humanité à nos pratiques. Il fait tomber les masques, permettant à chacun de se sentir écouté, considéré. Ce n’est pas unilatéral. Les bienfaits de l’analyse rayonnent jusque dans nos classes, offrant aux élèves la possibilité de bénéficier du cheminement d’un enseignant détoxiqué, pleinement conscient d’enseigner avec ce qu’il est, en accord avec lui-même.
A Requirement for Neutrophil Glycosaminoglycans in Chemokine:Receptor Interactions Is Revealed by the Streptococcal Protease SpyCEP
Authors: Goldblatt Jennifer , Lawrenson Richard Ashley , Muir Luke , Dattani Saloni , Hoffland Ashley , Tsuchiya Tomoko , Kanegasaki Shiro , Sriskandan Shiranee , Pease James E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To evade the immune system, the lethal human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes produces SpyCEP, an enzyme that cleaves the C-terminal α-helix of CXCL8, resulting in markedly impaired recruitment of neutrophils to sites of invasive infection. The basis for chemokine inactivation by SpyCEP is, however, poorly understood, as the core domain of CXCL8 known to interact with CXCL8 receptors is unaffected by enzymatic cleavage. We examined the in vitro migration of human neutrophils and observed that their ability to efficiently navigate a CXCL8 gradient was compromised following CXCL8 cleavage by SpyCEP. SpyCEP-mediated cleavage of CXCL8 also impaired CXCL8-induced migration of transfectants expressing the human chemokine receptors CXCR1 or CXCR2. Despite possessing an intact N terminus and preserved disulfide bonds, SpyCEP-cleaved CXCL8 had impaired binding to both CXCR1 and CXCR2, pointing to a requirement for the C-terminal α-helix. SpyCEP-cleaved CXCL8 had similarly impaired binding to the glycosaminoglycan heparin. Enzymatic removal of neutrophil glycosaminoglycans was observed to ablate neutrophil navigation of a CXCL8 gradient, whereas navigation of an fMLF gradient remained largely intact. We conclude, therefore, that SpyCEP cleavage of CXCL8 results in chemokine inactivation because of a requirement for glycosaminoglycan binding in productive chemokine:receptor interactions. This may inform strategies to inhibit the activity of SpyCEP, but may also influence future approaches to inhibit unwanted chemokine-induced inflammation.
Effect of socio-economic status & proximity of patient residence to hospital on survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Totadri Sidharth , Trehan Amita , Kaur Appinderjit , Bansal Deepak 
Published: April 2019

Background & objectives:
Survival in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in lower/middle income countries continues to lag behind outcomes seen in high-income countries. Socio-economic factors and distance of their residence from the hospital may contribute to this disparity. This study was aimed at identifying the impact of these factors on outcome in childhood ALL.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, file review of children with ALL was performed. Patients were treated with the modified United Kingdom (UK) ALL-2003 protocol. Details of socio-economic/demographic factors were noted from a web-based patients’ database. Modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to classify socio-economic status.

Results:
A total of 308 patients with a median age of five years (range: 1-13 yr) were studied. Patients belonging to upper, middle and lower SE strata numbered 85 (28%), 68 (22%) and 155 (50%). Nearly one-third of the patients were underweight. There was no treatment abandonment among children whose mothers were graduates. Neutropenic deaths during maintenance therapy were lower in mothers who had passed high school. In patients who survived induction therapy, the five year event-free survival (EFS) of upper SE stratum was significantly better 78.7±4.9 vs. 59±7.2 and 58.1±4.6 per cent in middle and lower strata (P=0.026). Five year overall survival was higher in the higher SE group; being 91.2±3.5, 78.3±5.6 and 78.8±3.9 per cent (P=0.055) in the three strata. Survival was unaffected by a distance of residence from treating centre or rural/urban residence. High-risk and undernourished children had a greater hazard of mortality [1.80 (P=0.015); 1.98 (P=0.027)].

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings showed that higher socio-economic status contributed to superior EFS in children with ALL who achieved remission. Undernutrition increased the risk of mortality.
On the Spurious Mode Generation Induced by Spectral-Like Optimized Interpolation Schemes Used in Computational Acoustics
Authors: Cunha Guilherme , Redonnet Stéphane 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present work constitutes a fraction of a more extensive study that is devoted to numerical methods in acoustics. More precisely, we address here the interpolation process, which is more and more frequently used in Computational Acoustics–whether it is for enabling multi-stage hybrid calculations, or for easing the proper handling of complex configurations via advanced techniques such as Chimera grids or Immersed Boundary Conditions. In that regard, we focus on high-order interpolation schemes, so as to analyze their intrinsic features and to assess their effective accuracy. Taking advantage of specific insights that had been previously achieved by the present authors regarding standard high-order interpolation schemes (of centered nature), we here focus on their so-calledspectral-like optimizedcounterparts (of both centered and noncentered nature). The latter spectral-like optimized schemes are analyzed thoroughly thanks to dedicated theoretical developments, which allow highlighting better what their strengths and weaknesses are. Among others, the various ways such interpolation schemes can degrade acoustic signals they are applied to are carefully investigated from a theoretical point-of-view. Besides that, specific criteria that could help in optimizing interpolation schemes better are provided, along with generic rules about how to minimize the signal degradation induced by existing interpolation schemes, in practice.