bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tell me if you can: time pressure, prosocial motivation, perspective taking, and knowledge hiding
Authors: Škerlavaj Miha , Connelly Catherine E. , Cerne Matej , Dysvik Anders 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe belief that knowledge actually expands when it is shared has been deeply rooted in the mainstream knowledge management literature. Although many organizations and managers expect employees to share their knowledge with their colleagues, this does not always occur. This study aims to use the conservation of resources theory to explain why employees who experience greater time pressure are more likely to engage in knowledge hiding; it further considers how this behavior may be moderated by these employees’ prosocial motivation and perspective taking.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses quantitative multi-study research design as a combination of two-wave field study among 313 employees at an insurance company and a lab experimental study.FindingsIn the field study (Study 1), the authors find that perceived time pressure is positively related to knowledge hiding. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by prosocial motivation: employees who perceive greater time pressure hide knowledge only when they are low in prosocial motivation. An experiment (Study 2) replicates these findings, and finds that perspective taking mediates the moderating effect of prosocial motivation on the relationship between time pressure and knowledge hiding.Research limitations/implicationsDespite its many contributions, the present research is also not without limitations. Study 1 was a cross-lagged sectional field study with self-reported data (although the two-wave design does help alleviate common-method-bias concerns). Causality concerns were further alleviated by using additional experimental study.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights important reasons why people hide knowledge at work (because of experienced time pressure) as well as identifies two interlinked potential remedies (prosocial motivation and perspective taking) to reduce knowledge hiding.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to expanding nomological network of knowledge hiding construct by extending the set of known antecedents and contingencies.
Evaluating emotion visualizations using AffectVis, an affect-aware dashboard for students
Authors: Derick Leony , Sedrakyan Gayane , Munoz-Merino Pedro J. , Delgado Kloos Carlos , Verbert Katrien 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate four visualizations that represent affective states of students.

Design/methodology/approach
An empirical-experimental study approach was used to assess the usability of affective state visualizations in a learning context. The first study was conducted with students who had knowledge of visualization techniques (n=10). The insights from this pilot study were used to improve the interpretability and ease of use of the visualizations. The second study was conducted with the improved visualizations with students who had no or limited knowledge of visualization techniques (n=105).

Findings
The results indicate that usability, measured by perceived usefulness and insight, is overall acceptable. However, the findings also suggest that interpretability of some visualizations, in terms of the capability to support emotional awareness, still needs to be improved. The level of students’ awareness of their emotions during learning activities based on the visualization interpretation varied depending on previous knowledge of information visualization techniques. Awareness was found to be high for the most frequently experienced emotions and activities that were the most frustrating, but lower for more complex insights such as interpreting differences with peers. Furthermore, simpler visualizations resulted in better outcomes than more complex techniques.

Originality/value
Detection of affective states of students and visualizations of these states in computer-based learning environments have been proposed to support student awareness and improve learning. However, the evaluation of visualizations of these affective states with students to support awareness in real life settings is an open issue.
Determinants of high-growth university spin-offs in Spain
Authors: Fernández-López Sara , Rodeiro-Pazos David , García González Fernando , Rodríguez-Gulías María Jesús 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This study aims to determine that the factors that lead to university spin-offs (USOs) high-growth firms (HGFs). In recent years, HGFs have been a topic of growing interest in the field of economic research because of these companies’ capacity for job creation and the dynamism they bring to the growth of the economy. In parallel, companies that are born of knowledge or technology developed at universities, known as university spin-offs, have also received attention from the literature in entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, to analyse the extent to which USOs have become HGFs, a sample of 237 Spanish companies with university origins for a period of study from 2007 to 2014 were used. To contrast the present study’s hypotheses, eight different models were estimated using probit models.

Findings
The results show that factors such as number of employees, internationalization, profitability and indebtedness positively affect the probability that a USO will become an HGF. However, for age, industry, innovation, the presence of venture capital and productivity, no statistically significant relationship could be found.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature in HGFs and university entrepreneurship in different ways. First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous studies have analysed the determinants of becoming an HGF from a USO. Second, hypotheses that, until now, had not been analysed in previous studies, in particular the fact of being a knowledge-intensive company, are tested. Third, the results obtained allow the establishment of recommendations to improve policies to support HGF-USO.
Perceived threats of infanticide reduce maternal allocation during lactation and lead to elevated oxidative damage in offspring
Authors: Gale Teagan , Garratt Michael , Brooks Robert C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Maternal investment is costly to the mother but essential to offspring survival in altrical species. Infanticide by novel males results in loss of maternal investment, and maternal strategies have evolved to mitigate these losses. One such maternal strategy, the Bruce effect, involves spontaneous abortion by females of some mammal species when exposed to a novel male during pregnancy.

In mice, the Bruce effect only occurs during early pregnancy, but we have previously found that female mice exposed to a novel male's scent in late pregnancy weaned smaller offspring. Here, we replicate that manipulation to resolve the cause of the reduced weaning weight and subsequent effects on offspring fitness.

Females exposed to an unfamiliar male's scent in late pregnancy spent significantly less time nursing their pups during lactation, suggesting that reduced maternal allocation contributes to slower offspring growth. The offspring with a reduced weaning weight exhibited catch‐up growth and reached a normal weight at adulthood. These offspring, however, were found to bear oxidative damage in adulthood, revealing long‐term effects on offspring condition.

We conclude that female mice strategically alter their investment in lactation in relation to the likelihood of infanticide, but that this results in long‐term fitness costs to their offspring.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Elemental sulfur reduction in the deep‐sea vent thermophile, Thermovibrio ammonificans
Authors: Jelen Benjamin , Giovannelli Donato , Falkowski Paul G. , Vetriani Costantino 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe reduction of elemental sulfur is an important energy‐conserving pathway in prokaryotes inhabiting geothermal environments, where sulfur respiration contributes to sulfur biogeochemical cycling. Despite this, the pathways through which elemental sulfur is reduced to hydrogen sulfide remain unclear in most microorganisms. We integrated growth experiments using Thermovibrio ammonificans, a deep‐sea vent thermophile that conserves energy from the oxidation of hydrogen and reduction of both nitrate and elemental sulfur, with comparative transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, coupled with scanning electron microscopy. Our results revealed that two members of the FAD‐dependent pyridine nucleotide disulfide reductase family, similar to sulfide‐quinone reductase and to NADH‐dependent sulfur reductase (NSR), respectively, are over‐expressed during sulfur respiration. Scanning electron micrographs and sulfur sequestration experiments indicated that direct access of T. ammonificans to sulfur particles strongly promoted growth. The sulfur metabolism of T. ammonificans appears to require abiotic transition from bulk elemental sulfur to polysulfide to nanoparticulate sulfur at an acidic pH, coupled to biological hydrogen oxidation. A coupled biotic‐abiotic mechanism for sulfur respiration is put forward, mediated by an NSR‐like protein as the terminal reductase.
Re‐Thinking Territorial Cohesion in the European Planning Context
Authors: Marques Teresa Sá , Saraiva Miguel , Santinha Gonçalo , Guerra Paula 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe socio‐economic dimensions of cohesion have long been considered an integral part of Europeanization. However, recently a third dimension has been added to the Europe 2020 cohesion policy debate: territorial cohesion. Consequently this term is as yet undeveloped, resulting in a lack of consensus on how to define and interpret it. Such ambiguity represents a theoretical and empirical challenge to regional actors needing to respond to European Union (EU) directives while operationalizing the concept within their national and/or regional agendas. This article uses Portugal as a case study to examine how the concept of territorial cohesion is being interpreted and transposed from EU‐based to territorial‐based instruments and policy documents. First, we conducted a qualitative content analysis (QCA) of a selection of European and regional publications to compare their intrinsic discourses. This was followed by around 60 structured qualitative interviews, conducted with leading actors who had been instrumental in writing or implementing regional policy documents. On the basis of this dual analysis we conclude that, as a whole, the writers of the Portuguese strategic documents successfully transposed this concept, although perceptible differences exist between regions, as local actors have selectively redefined it to better suit their strategic priorities. These differences are debated with the aim of contributing to the design of effective public policies that facilitate inclusion, cohesion and Europeanization.
Do values explain the low employment levels of Muslim women around the world? A within‐ and between‐country analysis
Authors: Abdelhadi Eman , England Paula 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUsing worldwide data from the World Values Survey (WVS) gathered in 2010–2014, we examine two distinct ways in which Islam may be associated with women's employment. We show that, within their countries, Muslim women are less likely to be employed than women of other religions. We also examine between‐country differences and find that, net of education and family statuses, the employment levels of women living in countries that are 90–100 per cent Muslim are not significantly different than those living in countries that are only 0–20 per cent Muslim. Then we test a prevailing view: that Islam discourages gender egalitarian values, and that these values – held by women themselves or people around them – explain why Muslim women are less likely to be employed than women of other religions within their own countries. Despite the rich measures of values in the WVS and a large sample, we find no evidence that values explain any of the lower employment of Muslim women, mainly because values have little or no effect on women's employment. Thus, we conclude that most of the world's gap in employment between Muslim women and other women is within‐country and is not explained by gender ideology. Future research should examine alternative hypotheses, including ethno‐religious discrimination.
Age diversity, group organisational citizenship behaviour, and group performance: Exploring the moderating role of charismatic leadership and participation in decision‐making
Authors: Seong Jee Young , Hong Doo‐Seung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examines the effect of age diversity on group organisational citizenship behaviour (GOCB) and group performance in 99 work‐based teams of a Korean bank. Previous research on the relationship between work group diversity and group outcomes has produced inconsistent results. Based on the categorisation‐elaboration model, the study finds that both high and low levels of group diversity limit GOCB and group performance, whereas intermediate group diversity enhances it, producing relationships that can be represented by an inverted U‐shaped curve. The curvilinear relationships between age diversity and GOCB and between age diversity and group performance are moderated by participation in decision‐making. Charismatic leadership also moderates the relationship between age diversity and group performance, but no moderation effect was found for charismatic leadership in the relationship between age diversity and GOCB. The authors discuss the implications of these results for future research and practice.
The generational “exchange” rate: How generations convert career development satisfaction into organisational commitment or neglect of work
Authors: Benson John , Brown Michelle , Glennie Miriam , O'Donnell Michael , O'Keefe Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUtilising social exchange theory, we investigate the exchange of career development satisfaction for organisational commitment and neglect of work. Employees can, however, show more or less reciprocity towards their organisation. We assess the role of generational membership (Baby Boomers vs. Generation X) as a determinant of reciprocity. Boomers began work when jobs were “for life”; they value job security and tend to rely on the organisation for their career direction. In contrast, Generation X generally commenced work during the recession of the early 1990s, so they feel they cannot rely on one employer for a lifetime of employment. We investigate the extent to which generational differences in work and career values moderate the relationship between career development satisfaction and organisational commitment or neglect of work. We find, using data from 1,530 employees in one organisation, that Generation X are more likely to exchange high career development satisfaction for higher levels of organisational commitment and lower neglect of work than are Boomers.
Current and Future Technologies for Microbiological Decontamination of Cereal Grains
Authors: Los Agata , Ziuzina Dana , Bourke Paula 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCereal grains are the most important staple foods for mankind worldwide. The constantly increasing annual production and yield is matched by demand for cereals, which is expected to increase drastically along with the global population growth. A critical food safety and quality issue is to minimize the microbiological contamination of grains as it affects cereals both quantitatively and qualitatively. Microorganisms present in cereals can affect the safety, quality, and functional properties of grains. Some molds have the potential to produce harmful mycotoxins and pose a serious health risk for consumers. Therefore, it is essential to reduce cereal grain contamination to the minimum to ensure safety both for human and animal consumption. Current production of cereals relies heavily on pesticides input, however, numerous harmful effects on human health and on the environment highlight the need for more sustainable pest management and agricultural methods. This review evaluates microbiological risks, as well as currently used and potential technologies for microbiological decontamination of cereal grains.
Systematic overview and critical appraisal of meta‐analyses of interventions in intensive care medicine
Authors: Koster T. M. , Wetterslev J. , Gluud C. , Keus F. , van der Horst I. C. C. 
Published: May 2018

RationaleMeta‐analysed intervention effect estimates are perceived to represent the highest level of evidence. However, such effects and the randomized clinical trials which are included in them need critical appraisal before the effects can be trusted.ObjectiveCritical appraisal of a predefined set of all meta‐analyses on interventions in intensive care medicine to assess their quality and assessed the risks of bias in those meta‐analyses having the best quality.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search to select all meta‐analyses of randomized clinical trials on interventions used in intensive care medicine. Selected meta‐analyses were critically appraised for basic scientific criteria, (1) presence of an available protocol, (2) report of a full search strategy, and (3) use of any bias risk assessment of included trials. All meta‐analyses which qualified these criteria were scrutinized by full “Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews” ROBIS evaluation of 4 domains of risks of bias, and a “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses” PRISMA evaluation.ResultsWe identified 467 meta‐analyses. A total of 56 meta‐analyses complied with these basic scientific criteria. We scrutinized the risks of bias in the 56 meta‐analyses by full ROBIS evaluation and a PRISMA evaluation. Only 4 meta‐analyses scored low risk of bias in all the 4 ROBIS domains and 41 meta‐analyses reported all 27 items of the PRISMA checklist.ConclusionIn contrast with what might be perceived as the highest level of evidence only 0.9% of all meta‐analyses were judged to have overall low risk of bias.
The association between pre‐operative sepsis and 30‐day mortality in hip fracture patients—A cohort study
Authors: Mørch S. S. , Tantholdt‐Hansen S. , Pedersen N. E. , Duus C. L. , Petersen J. A. , Andersen C. Ø. , Jarløv J. O. , Meyhoff C. S. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundPost‐operative sepsis considerably increases mortality, but the extent of pre‐operative sepsis in hip fracture patients and its consequences are sparsely elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the association between pre‐operative sepsis and 30‐day mortality after hip fracture surgery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected among 1894 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery in the Capital Region of Denmark in 2014 (NCT03201679). Data on vital signs, cultures and laboratory data were obtained. Sepsis was defined as a positive culture of any kind and presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome within 24 hours and was assessed within 72 hours before surgery and 30 days post‐operatively. Primary outcome was 30‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and admission to intensive care unit.ResultsA total of 144 (7.6%) of the hip fracture patients met the criteria for pre‐operative sepsis. The 30‐day mortality was 13.9% in patients with pre‐operative sepsis as compared to 9.0% in those without (OR 1.69, 95% CI [1.00; 2.85], P = .08). Patients with pre‐operative sepsis had longer hospital stays (median 10 days vs 9 days, mean difference 2.1 [SD 9.4] days, P = .03), and higher frequency of ICU admission (11.1% vs 2.7%, OR 4.15, 95% CI [2.19; 7.87], P < .0001).ConclusionPre‐operative sepsis in hip fracture patients was associated with an increased length of hospital stay and tended to increase mortality. Pre‐operative sepsis in hip fracture patients merits more intensive surveillance and increased attention to timely treatment.
Fetal heart rate short term variation during labor in relation to scalp blood lactate concentration
Authors: Lu Ke , Holzmann Malin , Abtahi Fahrad , Lindecrantz Kaj , Lindqvist Pelle G , Nordstrom Lennart 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionFetal heart rate short term variation (STV) decreases with severe chronic hypoxia in the antenatal period. However, only limited research has been done on STV during labor. We have tested a novel algorithm for a valid baseline estimation and calculated STV. To explore the value of STV during labor, we compared STV with fetal scalp blood (FBS) lactate concentration, an early marker in the hypoxic process.Material and methodsSoftware was developed which estimates baseline frequency using a novel algorithm and thereby calculates STV according to Dawes and Redman in up to four 30‐minute blocks prior to each FBS. Cardiotocography traces from 1070 women in labor who had had FBS performed on 2134 occasions were analyzed.ResultsIn acidemic cases (lactate >4.8 mmol/L; Lactate Pro™), median STV 30 minutes prior to FBS was 7.10 milliseconds compared with 6.09 milliseconds in the preacidemic (4.2‐4.8 mmol/L) and 5.23 milliseconds in the normal (<4.2 mmol/L) groups (P < .05). There was a positive correlation between lactate and STV (rho = 0.16‐0.24; P < .05). Median lactate concentration in cases with STV <3.0 milliseconds (n = 160) was 2.3 mmol/L. When 2 FBS were performed within 60 minutes the change rate of lactate correlated to STV (rho = 0.33; P < .001). Cases with increasing lactate concentration had a median STV of 5.29 milliseconds vs 4.41 milliseconds in those with decreasing lactate (P < .001).ConclusionsIn the early stages of intrapartum hypoxia, STV increases, contrary to findings regarding chronic hypoxia in the antenatal period. The increase in the adrenergic surge is a likely explanation.
Improving Causal Inferences in Meta‐analyses of Longitudinal Studies: Spanking as an Illustration
Authors: Larzelere Robert E. , Gunnoe Marjorie Lindner , Ferguson Christopher J. 
Published: May 2018

To evaluate and improve the validity of causal inferences from meta‐analyses of longitudinal studies, two adjustments for Time‐1 outcome scores and a temporally backwards test are demonstrated. Causal inferences would be supported by robust results across both adjustment methods, distinct from results run backwards. A systematic strategy for evaluating potential confounds is also introduced. The methods are illustrated by assessing the impact of spanking on subsequent externalizing problems (child age: 18 months to 11 years). Significant results indicated a small risk or a small benefit of spanking, depending on the adjustment method. These meta‐analytic methods are applicable for research on alternatives to spanking and other developmental science topics. The underlying principles can also improve causal inferences in individual studies.