bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition via Flexible‐Rigid Coupling Composite Network for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Chai Jingchao , Chen Bingbing , Xian Fang , Wang Peng , Du Huiping , Zhang Jianjun , Liu Zhihong , Zhang Huanrui , Dong Shanmu , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNotorious lithium dendrite causes severe capacity fade and harsh safety issues of lithium metal batteries, which hinder the practical applications of lithium metal electrodes in higher energy rechargeable batteries. Here, a kind of 3D‐cross‐linked composite network is successfully employed as a flexible‐rigid coupling protective layer on a lithium metal electrode. During the plating/stripping process, the composite protective layer would enable uniform distribution of lithium ions in the adjacent regions of the lithium electrode, resulting in a dendrite‐free deposition at a current density of 2 mA cm−2. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4‐based lithium metal battery presents an excellent cycling stability at a voltage range of 3.5–5.0 V with the induction of 3D‐cross‐linked composite protective layer. From an industrial field application of view, thin lithium metal electrodes (40 µm, with 4 times excess lithium) can be used in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (with industrially significant loading of 18 mg cm−2 and 2.6 mAh cm−2)‐based lithium metal batteries, which reveals a promising opportunity for practical applicability in high energy lithium metal batteries.
Let There be Light: Polymeric Micelles with Upper Critical Solution Temperature as Light‐Triggered Heat Nanogenerators for Combating Drug‐Resistant Cancer
Authors: Deng Yongyan , Käfer Florian , Chen Tingting , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian , Agarwal Seema 
Published: August 2018

AbstractComplete drug release and efficient drug retention are two critical factors in reversing drug resistance in cancer therapy. In this regard, polymeric micelles with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) are designed as a new exploration to reverse drug resistance. The amphiphilic UCST‐type block copolymers are used to encapsulate photothermal agent IR780 and doxorubicin (DOX) simultaneously. The integrated UCST‐type drug nanocarriers show light‐triggered multiple synergistic effects to reverse drug resistance and are expected to kill three birds with one stone: First, owing to the photothermal effect of IR780, the nanocarriers will be dissociated upon exposure to laser irradiation, leading to complete drug release. Second, the photothermal effect‐induced hyperthermia is expected to avoid the efflux of DOX and realize efficient drug retention. Last but not least, photothermal ablation of cancer cells can be achieved after laser irradiation. Therefore, the UCST‐type drug nanocarriers provide a new strategy in reversing drug resistance in cancer therapy.
SERS‐Active‐Charged Microgels for Size‐ and Charge‐Selective Molecular Analysis of Complex Biological Samples
Authors: Kim Dong Jae , Park Sung‐Gyu , Kim Dong‐Ho , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides a dramatic increase of Raman intensity for molecules adsorbed on nanogap‐rich metal nanostructures, serving as a promising tool for molecular analysis. However, surface contamination caused by protein adsorption and low surface concentration of small target molecules reduce the sensitivity, which severely restricts the use of SERS in many applications. Here, charged microgels containing agglomerates of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are designed using droplet‐based microfluidics to provide a reliable SERS substrate with molecular selectivity and high sensitivity. The limiting mesh size of hydrogel enables the autonomous exclusion of large proteins and the charged matrix concentrates oppositely charged small molecules through electrostatic attraction. As nanogaps among Au NPs in the agglomerates enhance Raman intensity, Raman spectrum of the adsorbed molecules is selectively measured with high sensitivity in the absence of interruption from adhesive proteins. Therefore, the SERS‐active‐charged microgels can be used for direct analysis of pristine biological samples without the pretreatment steps of separation and concentration, which are commonly a prerequisite for Raman analysis. For the purpose of demonstration, a direct detection of fipronil sulfone with partial negative charges, a metabolite of toxic insecticide, dissolved in eggs using the positively charged microgels without any pretreatment of the samples, is shown.
Airflow‐Assisted 3D Bioprinting of Human Heterogeneous Microspheroidal Organoids with Microfluidic Nozzle
Authors: Zhao Haiming , Chen Yishan , Shao Lei , Xie Mingjun , Nie Jing , Qiu Jingjiang , Zhao Peng , Ramezani Hamed , Fu Jianzhong , Ouyang Hongwei , He Yong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHydrogel microspheroids are widely used in tissue engineering, such as injection therapy and 3D cell culture, and among which, heterogeneous microspheroids are drawing much attention as a promising tool to carry multiple cell types in separated phases. However, it is still a big challenge to fabricate heterogeneous microspheroids that can reconstruct built‐up tissues' microarchitecture with excellent resolution and spatial organization in limited sizes. Here, a novel airflow‐assisted 3D bioprinting method is reported, which can print versatile spiral microarchitectures inside the microspheroids, permitting one‐step bioprinting of fascinating hydrogel structures, such as the spherical helix, rose, and saddle. A microfluidic nozzle is developed to improve the capability of intricate cell encapsulation with heterotypic contact. Complex structures, such as a rose, Tai chi pattern, and single cell line can be easily printed in spheroids. The theoretical model during printing is established and process parameters are systematically investigated. As a demonstration, a human multicellular organoid of spirally vascularized ossification is reconstructed with this method, which shows that it is a powerful tool to build mini tissues on microspheroids.
Distribution and Age Composition of Red Snapper across the Inner Continental Shelf of the North‐Central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Powers Sean P. , Drymon J. Marcus , Hightower Crystal L. , Spearman Trey , Bosarge George S. , Jefferson Amanda 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus is an economically and ecologically important species in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where it often dominates the reef fish community in shallow to mid water depths along the continental shelf. The affinity of Red Snapper for artificial and natural reefs is well established; however, this affinity appears to vary with age. We used a multigear survey that targeted all age‐classes of Red Snapper to determine the distribution by age‐class on artificial reefs, natural reefs, and unconsolidated mud–sand bottom across the shallow‐water (<100 m) portion of the north‐central Gulf of Mexico continental shelf. Bottom trawl, remotely operated vehicle (video), vertical longline, and bottom longline surveys were conducted in randomly selected 2‐km × 2‐km grids that were previously surveyed with side‐scan sonar to yield a synoptic understanding of habitat use by age‐class. Zero‐ and 1‐year‐old Red Snapper (collected from trawls) were found primarily in shallow water (~20–40 m deep) on unconsolidated muddy bottom in the northwestern portion of the survey area. Vertical longline catch per unit effort was highest at artificial reef sites, followed by natural reef sites and lastly sites with unstructured bottom. The vertical longline surveys collected 2–8‐year‐old Red Snapper near artificial and natural reefs, yet the mean age and size of these fish did not differ between the two habitats. Older Red Snapper (5–42 years old) were collected on bottom longlines, away from reef structures on unstructured bottom throughout all depth strata. Our results demonstrate ontogenetic changes in habitat use for Red Snapper (from unstructured bottom areas to artificial or natural reefs and back to unstructured bottom areas), but unlike the results from previous studies they do not show a strong trend toward increases in the prevalence of older Red Snapper with increasing depth.
The abrupt increase in the Aegean sea surface temperature during June 2007 – a marine heatwave event?
Authors: Mavrakis Anastasios F. , Tsiros Ioannis X. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article we examine the abrupt increase in the Aegean Sea (southeast Mediterranean) surface temperature (SST) during the heatwave of June 2007 and the associated synoptic conditions. Air temperature and wind speed meteorological data, along with SST reanalysis data and combined satellite image and model data, are used. The analysis shows an unusual and very rapid rise in SST for the Aegean Sea and eastern Mediterranean area for the period 22 June to 2 July 2007, indicating the possible occurrence of a marine heatwave event. The average SST value for June 2007 was found to be of the order of +5 degC above the month's normal climatic average. The available data support the hypothesis that the cause of these anomalies was a combination of the passive response of the Aegean Sea surface to radiation flux anomalies during the June 2007 heatwave period and the prevailing low wind speed conditions.
U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from pre-Devonian sequences along the southeast Yangtze: a link to the final assembly of East Gondwana
Authors: MA XIAO , YANG KUNGUANG , POLAT ALI 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Early Palaeozoic geology of the South China Craton (SCC) is characterized by an Early Palaeozoic intracontinental orogen with folded pre-Devonian strata and migmatites, MP/MT metamorphic rocks and Silurian post-orogenic peraluminous magmatic rocks in both the Yangtze and the Cathaysia blocks. In this contribution, we present new zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope data for detrital zircons from the Neoproterozoic to Silurian sedimentary sequences in the southeastern Yangtze Block. Samples from Neoproterozoic rocks generally display a major peak at 900–560 Ma, whereas samples from Lower Palaeozoic rocks are characterized by several broader peaks within the age ranges 600–410 Ma, 1100–780 Ma, 1.6–1.2 Ga and 2.8–2.5 Ga. Provenance analysis indicates that the 900–630 Ma detritus in Cryogenian to Ediacaran samples was derived from the Late Neoproterozoic igneous rocks in South China that acted as an internal source. The occurrence of 620–560 Ma detritus indicates the SE Yangtze was associated with Late Neoproterozoic arc volcanism along the north margin of East Gondwana. The change of provenance resulted in the deposition of 550–520 Ma and 1.1–0.9 Ga detrital zircons in the Cambrian–Ordovician sedimentary rocks. TheεHf(t) values of these detrital zircons are similar to those of zircons from NW Australia–Antarctica and South India. This change of provenance in the Cambrian can be attributed to the intracontinental subduction between South China and South Qiangtang, and the convergence of India and Australia when East Gondwana finally amalgamated.
Reclaiming Rangoon: (Post-)imperial urbanism and poverty, 1920–62
Authors: SUGARMAN MICHAEL 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article considers the relationship between poverty in Rangoon and the ways in which both an imperial and a post-imperial urbanism helped ‘improve’, develop, and reclaim Rangoon's urban environment. Examining the actions of the Rangoon Development Trust before and after the Second World War in the context of actions taken by the Bombay Improvement Trust, Bombay Development Directorate, Singapore Improvement Trust, and Hong Kong Housing Authority, it both analyses measures taken in Rangoon and constructs a connective history of urban development in relation to other Asian port cities. Incorporating documents released only in 2014 by the National Archives of Myanmar, this analysis for the first time considers interventions made in Rangoon's post-war built environment of poverty, connecting these actions to policies constructed over the preceding decades.
Why dysfunctional expectations in depression persist – Results from two experimental studies investigating cognitive immunization
Authors: Kube Tobias , Rief Winfried , Gollwitzer Mario , Gärtner Thomas , Glombiewski Julia Anna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundResearch has revealed that negative expectations impact depressive symptoms. However, research on the change of dysfunctional expectations in depression is lacking so far. Therefore, the present research aimed to fill this gap by testing the hypothesis that people with the major depressive disorder (MDD), contrary to healthy individuals, maintain their expectations despite experiences that positively disconfirm expectations. Further, it was hypothesized that cognitive immunization (a cognitive reappraisal of the disconfirming evidence) is a mechanism underlying the persistence of expectations.MethodIn Study 1, we compared individuals with MDD (N = 58) to healthy individuals (N = 59). Participants worked on the same performance test and received standardized feedback that either confirmed or disconfirmed their initial performance expectations. In Study 2, we investigated the effects of cognitive immunization on expectation change among 59 individuals reporting elevated levels of depression by varying the appraisal of expectation-disconfirming feedback.ResultsResults from Study 1 show that in the expectation-disconfirming condition, healthy individuals changed their expectations, whereas individuals with MDD did not. No such difference between the two groups was found for expectation-confirming feedback. Results from Study 2 indicated that varying cognitive immunization impacted expectation change, thus suggesting a crucial role of cognitive immunization in expectation change.ConclusionsThese two studies indicated that individuals suffering from depression have more difficulties in changing their expectations after disconfirming experiences than do healthy individuals, and cognitive immunization might be a core mechanism underlying expectation persistence. Therefore, psychotherapeutic interventions should aim to inhibit cognitive immunization processes to enhance expectation change.
Teaching older workers new tricks: workplace practices and gender training differences in nine European countries
Authors: Lössbroek Jelle , Radl Jonas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite its benefits for prolonging careers, participation in training is far lower among older employees (age 50+) than among younger employees. This study analyses gender differences in older employees’ training participation. To investigate the predictors of training intensity, we examine two forms of training: formal educational programmes and on-the-job training. The study draws on a novel data-set, the European Sustainable Workforce Survey, carried out in nine European countries in 2015 and 2016, analysing 2,517 older employees and their managers, spread over 228 organisations. We concentrate on the interplay between employees’ gender, managers’ gender and managers’ ageism in shaping older employees’ training participation. Our findings indicate comparable training participation of older men and women in both forms of training, yet older women more often pay for enrolment in educational programmes themselves. Also, predictors of training participation are different. In line with the tenet of ‘gendered ageism’, we find that managerial ageism primarily targets older women, excluding female employees from the training opportunities available to their comparable male colleagues. Finally, female managers are associated with higher training participation rates for older employees, but only for older men. This result supports ‘queen bee’ arguments and runs counter to ‘homophily’ arguments. Overall, the study demonstrates that workplace dynamics and managerial decisions contribute to the reproduction of traditional gender divides in the late career.
Conceptual understanding and quantity inferences: a new framework for examining consumer understanding of food energy
Authors: Liu Dawn , Juanchich Marie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe study examined two components of consumer understanding of food energy information: understanding the concept of energy and its quantity. Using this new framework, we investigated whether activity-equivalent labels facilitated interpretations of food energy compared with calorie labels and whether an image format would strengthen this facilitative effect compared with text.DesignWe assessed the effect of energy representation and format in a 2 (activityv.calories)×2 (imagev.text) between-subjects design. Conceptual understanding of energy was measured in terms of level of understanding and personal engagement. Quantitative understanding was measured in terms of participants’ estimations of a food’s contribution to their recommended daily intake and perceptions of energy values as precise or single-bound interval estimates.SettingThe experiment was conducted online through Qualtrics.SubjectsEight hundred and twelve participants (55 % female, age range 18–74 years) were recruited through a national survey panel in the UK.ResultsParticipants were twice more likely to have a stronger conceptual understanding of energy and four times more likely to personally engage with activity labelsv. calorie labels. Participants did not differ across labels in their estimations of energy quantities; however, they inferred quantities to mean exactly the stated number of calories, but at least the stated activity duration. There were no added benefits in presenting an image over the text format.ConclusionsActivity labels can facilitate conceptual understanding of energy, but may be subject to quantitative misinterpretations. Nutrition communication should consider what people infer from quantities represented on labels.
Magnetic Vortex States in Small Octahedral Particles of Intermediate Titanomagnetite
Authors: Khakhalova E. , Moskowitz B. M. , Williams W. , Biedermann A. R. , Solheid P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFine particles of titanomagnetites (Fe3‐xTixO4, x > 0.5) in the pseudo‐single‐domain (PSD) size (0.5–20 μm) are important carriers of natural remanent magnetization in basalts. Understanding the mechanism of magnetic recording in these grains has important implications for paleomagnetic studies. This study reports first observations of magnetic vortex states in intermediate titanomagnetite. We imaged magnetic structures of 109 synthetic titanomagnetite grains with x = 0.54 (TM54) and 1–4‐μm size using magnetic force microscopy. For six grains, we explored local energy minimum states after alternating field demagnetization and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization. According to the magnetic force microscopy results, 80% of TM54 grains display in‐plane magnetization with one to four domains, vortex‐like or flux‐closure structures, and Néel‐like domain walls. Electron backscatter diffraction data on six grains showed that their surface orientations are cutting planes of octahedral crystals and those with approximately square cross sections are within 15° of a (100) crystallographic plane. Magnetic force microscopy observations of magnetic structures in ~1.5‐μm grains agree well with numerical micromagnetic modeling of a pyramidal shaped grain with a (100) square base and displayed four discrete local energy minimum states: a single vortex as a ground state and three multivortex states with higher energy. Our observations show that vortex states in titanomagnetite grains (1–5 μm) occur at the lower end of the PSD size range in this mineral and corresponding to a size range known to carry stable and reliable remanence in natural titanomagnetites.
3‐D Finite Difference Time Domain Simulation of Lightning Strikes to the 634‐m Tokyo Skytree
Authors: Araki S. , Nasu Y. , Baba Y. , Rakov V. A. , Saito M. , Miki T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWaveforms of vertical electric field observed at distances of 27, 57, and 101 km from the 634‐m tall Tokyo Skytree (Japan) struck by lightning have been reproduced using the 3‐D finite difference time domain method. Optically observed 3‐D lightning channels and currents directly measured in the tower were used. Distribution of current along the lightning channel was represented using the transmission line model, assuming a constant propagation speed v = 0.5c. Simulations with commonly assumed vertical channel did not allow us to reproduce the observed early (within 5 μs or so) field zero crossing when the 1‐D speed was set to be constant and equal to the 3‐D speed (v = 0.5c) used for the actual‐channel‐geometry case. It was, however, possible to achieve a good match for a vertical channel when the vertical component of 3‐D speed was evaluated for each nonvertical channel segment and used in the corresponding range of heights.
Numerical Modeling of Plant Root Controls on Gravel Bed River Morphodynamics
Authors: Caponi F. , Siviglia A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe role of vegetation in shaping the geomorphology of rivers and deltas, along with tidal and estuarine environments, is widely recognized. While mutual interactions between flow, plant canopy, and morphodynamics have been extensively investigated, similar studies considering plant roots are limited. Here we present results from a numerical model that quantify the feedbacks of both the aboveground and belowground vegetation on gravel bed river morphodynamics. Plant root biogeomorphic feedbacks, that is, uprooting and root‐enhanced riverbed cohesion, are quantified through the description of the vertical root distribution. By investigating the evolution of the riverbed of a straight gravel channel with a vegetated patch, we show that uprooting is the primary plant root biogeomorphic feedback determining the evolution of the riverbed and the competing influence of the potential flow erosion versus uprooting depth mediates the plant root controls on morphodynamics. These findings broaden our understanding on the role played by plant roots on gravel bed river morphodynamics.
Ocean Circulation Reduces the Hadley Cell Response to Increased Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Chemke R. , Polvani L. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Hadley cell (HC) plays an important role in setting the strength and position of the hydrological cycle. Climate projections show a weakening of the HC, together with widening of its vertical and meridional extents. These changes are projected to have profound global climatic impacts. Current theories for the HC response to increased greenhouse gases account only for atmospheric and oceanic thermodynamic changes and not for oceanic circulation changes. Here the effects of ocean circulation changes on the HC response to increased greenhouse gases are examined by comparing fully coupled and slab ocean model configurations. By reducing the warming of both the sea surface and the atmosphere, changes in ocean circulation reduce the HC response to increased CO2 concentrations. This reduced warming suppresses convective heating, which reduces the weakening of the HC and the stabilization at low latitudes, and thus also reduces the meridional (in the Southern Hemisphere) and vertical HC expansion.