bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diagnosis of Lupus Anticoagulants by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - The Central Role of Phosphatidyl Serine
Authors: Kelsey P R , Stevenson K J , Poller L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryLiposomes of pure phospholipids were used in a modified APTT test system and the role of phosphatidyl serine (PS) in determining the sensitivity of the test system to the presence of lupus anticoagulants was assessed. Six consecutive patients with lupus anticoagulants and seven haemophiliacs with anticoagulants directed at specific coagulation factors, were studied. Increasing the concentration of phospholipid in the test system markedly reduced the sensitivity to lupus anticoagulants but had marginal effect on the specific factor inhibitors. The same effect was achieved when the content of PS alone was increased in a vehicle liposome of constant composition.The results suggest that the lupus anticoagulants can best be detected by a screening method using an APTT test with a reagent of low PS content. The use of a reagent rich in PS will largely abolish the lupus anticoagulant’s effect on the APTT. An approach using the two different types of reagent may facilitate differentiation of lupus inhibitors from other types of anticoagulant.
Interaction of Thromboplastin Apoprotein of Different Tissues with Concanavalin A - Evidence for Heterogeneous Glycosylation of the Human Apoprotein
Authors: van den Besselaar A M H P , Bettina R M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThromboplastin apoproteins of different tissues were solubilized with Triton X-100. Induction of plasma coagulation by these extracts was dependent on the presence of factor VII. Binding of the apoprotein-Triton complex to Concanavalin A- Sepharose 4B was studied. The apoprotein activity extracted from rabbit brain and bovine brain was almost completely bound to Concanavalin A-Sepharose. Under the same conditions, only partial binding was observed with human lung, human brain and human placenta apoprotein. These results suggest that human apoprotein is heterogeneous with respect to its carbohydrate moiety.
Inherited Fibrinolytic Disorder Due to an Enhanced Plasminogen Activator Level
Authors: Aznar J , Estellés A , Vila V , Regañón E , España F , Villa P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA family with “in vitro” increased red-cell fall out from the blood clot was studied. One member of the family (JVM) had a clinical history of hemorrhages after minor trauma or dental extractions. Routine coagulation and platelet function were normal except for the fibrinogen level which was slightly low in several members. The antigenic as well as functional evaluation of factor XIII was within normal limits. No factor XIII inhibitors were present. An increase in the clot permeability index was observed in most family members.The study of the fibrinolytic system showed an enhanced lysis of euglobulins, a normal plasminogen value, normal level of fibrin/ogen degradation products, normal fibrinolytic inhibitors, and an increase in the activity of the plasminogen activator. The activity of this activator was inhibited by an antiserum against tissue-type plasminogen activator. The t-pA inhibitor was in the normal range.It is concluded that the family studied in this paper shows familial alteration in the fibrinolytic system due to an excess of plasminogen activator immunologically related to that in human tissue.
Effect of Adenyl-Cyclase Activators, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors and Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate on Platelet Aggregation and Adenosine-3’-5’-Cyclic Monophosphate Accumulation
Authors: Zahavi M , Zahavi J , Kakkar V V 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and compound BW245C, adenyl-cyclase activators, theophylline, papaverine and dipyridamole, phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors and pyridoxal- 5-phosphate (PALP) on inhibition of platelet aggregation (PA) and platelet c-AMP accumulation was determined in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelets. PGE1 at 280 nM and BW245C at 7.7 nM induced a significant PA inhibition in PRP and washed platelets (though less pronounced by PGE1) concomitant to a very large increase (8-13-fold) in platelet cAMP level both in PRP and washed platelets. At comparable PA inhibition, c-AMP level was not significantly changed by PALP and only moderately (but significantly) increased (2-4.6-fold) by PDE inhibitors. PALP or theophylline potentiated both PGE1 induced platelet c-AMP accumulation and PA inhibition. Yet PALP potentiated theophylline-induced PA inhibition without affecting platelet c-AMP level.Our results indicate that 2 c-AMP pools are presumably present in the platelets, since at comparable c-AMP accumulation PDE inhibitors or BW245C were more effective than PGE1 in PA inhibition in PRP. Morever, this pattern was more pronounced in washed platelets and was also found in the presence of thrombin and adenosine diphosphate which induced a decrease in platelet c-AMP level. The effect of PALP on PA inhibition is presumably mediated by 2 mechanisms: a) a direct effect on the platelet membrane independent from the c-AMP system, b) In the presence of PGE1, the increment in PA inhibition, is through further indirect activation of the adenyl-cyclase. The mechanism of PA inhibition by BW245C in intact platelets, is most probably through activation of adenyl-cyclase. This study emphasize the importance of c-AMP accumulation in the inhibition of PA.
Examination of Certain Coagulation Factors in Menstrual Fluid from Women with Normal Blood Loss
Authors: Cederholm-Williams S A , Rees Margaret C P , Turnbull A C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryExamination of coagulation factors in menstrual fluid collected from women with normal menstrual blood less (<80 ml) showed the absence of thrombin generating enzymes. Factor X, prothrombin and free thrombin were absent from menstrual fluid. No difference was found between days 1 and 2 of menstruation. Thus activation of coagulation enzymes occurs during normal menstruation though the menstrual blood is characteristically fluid.
Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension
Authors: Isles C , Lowe G D O , Rankin B M , Forbes C D , Lucie N , Lever A F , Kennedy A C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.
Studies on Prothrombin Complex Concentrates Contact Factors, Complement Components and Proteinase Inhibitors
Authors: Steinbuch M , Péjaudier L , Kichenin V , Boffa M C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe behaviour of contact factors, complement components and antiproteases during the preparation of prothrombin complex concentrates by adsorption of the clotting components on DEAE-Sephadex has been studied.The pro-enzymes: factors XII, XI and prekallikrein were removed by pre-elution in function of the salt concentration. In contrast, high molecular weight kininogen was considerably enriched in PCC preparations. C4 of the complement system displayed an analogous behaviour. Cls reached a 4-5 fold plasma concentration but C3 only 30% of the normal plasma level.The prothrombin complex concentrate contained no antithrombin III nor α2M nor α2 antiplasmin but a three fold plasma concentration of Cl-inactivator and a 15 fold increase of inter-α- trypsin inhibitor.NAPTT (Non Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) ratios did not seem to be in accordance with either the presence or the absence of contact enzymes. Moreover 0.20 M NaCl appeared as the minimal pre-elution molarity necessary to ensure a NAPTT ratio above thrombogenic values.Molecular alteration of high molecular weight kininogen and C4 was observed and its significance discussed. Complex formation between C1-inactivator and proteases was shown to be another sign of undesirable proteolytic events.
Progressive Exposure of E-Neoantigen Associated with Degradation of Crosslinked Fibrin by Plasmin In Vitro
Authors: Stegnar Mojca , Chen James P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFragment E-neoantigen (Eneo) is a specific marker of structural and conformational changes associated with the degradation of fibrinogen and its related proteins. In this study Eneo expression was followed during the plasmin degradation of crosslinked (XL) fibrin in vitro, utilizing double antibody radioimmunoassay. Eneo was progressively exposed as degradation proceeded and its expression was associated with the liberation of high molecular weight fragments from XL-fibrin, their degradation into fragments DD and E, and the partial degradation of fragment E itself. An isolated protein fraction containing early high molecular weight fragments (MW >360000 d) and a fraction containing fragments YY and DY expressed approximately 170 times and 15 times less Eneo per protein respectively compared to the fragment E standard. XL- fibrin fragment E isolated from 1-hr plasmin digest expressed approximately 8 times less Eneo than fragment E isolated from 24-hr digest, indicating increased exposure of Eneo during fragment E degradation. Eneo expression of this terminal fragment E was comparable to fibrinogen fragment E. As expected, fragment DD had no Eneo immunoreactivity.
The Calibration of the Second Primary International Reference Preparation for Thromboplastin (Thromboplastin, Human, Plain, Coded BCT/253)
Authors: Thomson Jean M , Tomenson J A , Poller L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn international collaborative exercise has been undertaken to calibrate a replacement for the first WHO primary international reference preparation (IRP) for thromboplastin. The replacement preparation is a lyophilised batch of British Comparative Thromboplastin (BCT/253, human plain) for use in the Quick prothrombin time test. Seventeen centres participated. The experimental design, calibration model and statistical analysis were based on the recommended WHO procedure. As a result of this calibration exercise an International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.1 has been assigned to the preparation by WHO and it has been officially recognised as the second primary IRP for thromboplastin.The calibration of BCT/253 is an essential link in a new hierarchical structure for the standardisation of the prothrombin time. The aim is to provide a uniform international system of reporting prothrombin time results using International Normalised Ratios (INR) derived from the ISI of individual thromboplastins.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin E on the Production of Platelet 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (12-HETE)
Authors: Pritchard K A , Greco N J , Panganamala R V 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCollagen and thrombin challenged platelets from vitamin E-deficient rabbits generated significantly more 12-HETE when compared to the platelets from vitamin E-supplemented rabbits. Similarly, conversion of arachidonic acid to 12-HETE was increased in platelets from vitamin E-deficient rabbits. These data show that vitamin E plays a role not only in deacylation of platelet phospholipids but also in the lipoxygenase mediated reactions.
High Plasma Levels of Protein C Activity and Antigen in the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Mannucci Pier Mannuccio , Valsecchi Carla , Bottasso Bianca , D'Angelo Armando , Casati Stefano , Ponticelli Claudio 
Published: July 2018

SummaryLow plasma levels of antithrombin III due to excessive urinary loss are thought to be the cause of thrombotic complications in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. To see whether protein C (PC), another antithrombotic protein, is also reduced in plasma by the same mechanism, plasma and urinary protein C were determined in 24 patients with nephrotic syndrome and no thrombotic complication, and compared to plasma and urinary antithrombin III. Twenty patients (83%) had high plasma levels of protein C activity (mean ± SD 157 ± 41 U/dl) and antigen (158 ± 41). Even though measurable amounts of PC antigen were found in the urines of all but two patients the urinary loss of protein C relative to its plasma concentration was about 40 times lower than that of antithrombin III. High protein C might help to counteract hypercoagulability in nephrotic syndrome.
The illocutionary basis of information structure
Authors: Cresti Emanuela , Moneglia Massimo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper briefly presents the Language into Act Theory (L-AcT) that relies on two primary assumptions: (a) the pragmatic
basis of Information Structure (IS); (b) a strict correspondence between prosodic units and
information units. The study of IS requires the identification of the proper reference unit for
speech, that according to L-AcT is the utterance. Utterance is defined as the counterpart of a speech
act (Austin 1962), and is demarcated by prosody in the flow of speech. The paper
demonstrates the pragmatic foundation of IS. The Comment information unit conveys the illocutionary force,
automatically expressing the new information and is the core of IS. In addition to the Topic-Comment relation, other information units
exist, corresponding to Textual and Dialogical Functions. Given that information units match in one-to-one way to
prosodic units, the prosodic annotation grounds the identification of information units in the flow of speech. The
paper demonstrates L-AcT’s assumptions through examples taken from spontaneous spoken corpora of Romance languages, English, and
Chinese. L-AcT appears therefore viable for application in large, corpus-based, typological studies.
Think tanks in ‘hard times’ – the Global Financial Crisis and economic advice
Authors: Hernando Marcos Gonzalez , Pautz Hartwig , Stone Diane 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe Global Financial Crisis of 2008 and the Great Recession that ensued had reverberations that were not only social, political and economic. The crises also led to increased doubt in the value and usefulness of policy expertise and in its producers. This ‘epistemic crisis’ is the starting point of this thematic issue dedicated to think tanks in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis and Great Recession. The Introduction to the issue has four objectives. First, it gives a high-level overview of the challenges and opportunities think tanks have faced in the wake of these crises, given the paradox of growing demand for policy expertise precisely at the moment when such expertise and its makers became suspect for many. Second, the Introduction gives an overview of the research literature on think tanks and their role in the policy-making process and the public debate. Third, the articles comprising this thematic issue are introduced, and connections between them established. Fourth, the introduction gauges the effects of Global Financial Crisis and Great Recession, but also crises more generally, on think tanks and the environment they operate in, and speculates about the future of the think tank industry.
Think tanks and ‘policy hybrids’ in the Western Balkans and post-soviet space
Authors: Galushko Vlad , Djordjevic Masha 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
In response to changing geopolitical circumstances and the fiscal austerity in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, many think tank donors have considered expanding their funding options to include new policy actors in order to achieve the same (or greater) policy impact on a more limited budget. This article reviews one case of donor assistance to support policy hybrid organizations in the Western Balkans and the former Soviet Union. While generally successful in helping a number of local organizations to become policy relevant, the experience provides a series of lessons for foreign donors. It also seeks to marry these insights with a new funding reality, which combines less money available for supporting policy research with greater pressure for that research to be responsive and influential.
The Implementation of Supreme Court Precedent
Authors: Boldt Ethan D. , Gizzi Michael C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile many scholars have focused on the relationship shared between the Supreme Court and lower courts, fewer have studied how those outside the judicial branch implement court policy. This study examines how police implemented a major shift in vehicle search law after the Supreme Court placed limits on search incident to arrest. Comprehensive traffic-stop data from two states are relied upon for time series intervention analyses to test the decision’s impact. Evidence of the Court’s influence is found in seriously limiting searches incident to arrest and expanding the use of alternative searches as a means to circumvent the ruling.
Regional key comparison SIM.QM-K111—propane in nitrogen
Authors: Augusto Cristiane Rodrigues , Fioravante Andreia de Lima , Smarçaro da Cunha Valnei , Ramírez Nambo Carlos , Murillo Francisco Rangel , Delgado Jorge Koelliker , Salas Manuel de Jesus Avila , Ramírez Octavio Piedra 
Published: July 2018

This key comparison is one of a series of key comparisons in the gas analysis area assessing core competences (track A key comparisons). Such competences include, among others, the capabilities to prepare primary standard gas mixtures (PSMs), perform the necessary purity analysis on the materials used in the gas mixture preparation, the verification of the composition of newly prepared PSMs against existing ones, and the capability of calibrating a gas mixture. For this key comparison, a binary mixture of propane in nitrogen has been chosen at a nominal amount-of-substance fraction level of 1000 μmol mol−1 [6]. The key comparison design follows that of the key comparisons for gas mixture that are prepared gravimetrically.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Centenarians Overexpress Pluripotency-Related Genes
Authors: Inglés Marta , Mas-Bargues Cristina , Berna-Erro Alejandro , Matheu Ander , Sanchís Paula , Avellana Juan-Antonio , Borrás Consuelo , Viña José 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Human mesenchymal cells can become pluripotent by the addition of Yamanaka factors OCT3/4, SOX2, c-MYC, KLF4. We have recently reported that centenarians overexpress BCL-xL, which has been shown to improve pluripotency; thus, we aimed to determine the expression of pluripotency-related genes in centenarians. We recruited 22 young, 32 octogenarian, and 47 centenarian individuals and determined the mRNA expression of Yamanaka factors and other stemness-related cell surface marker genes (VIM, BMP4, NCAM, BMPR2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found that centenarians overexpress OCT3/4, SOX2, c-MYC, VIM, BMP4, NCAM, and BMPR2, when compared with octogenarians (p < .05). We further tested the functional role of BCL-xL in centenarians’ ability to express pluripotency-related genes: lymphocytes from octogenarians transduced with BCL-xL overexpressed SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4. We conclude that centenarians overexpress Yamanaka Factors and other stemness-related cell surface marker genes, which may contribute to their successful aging.
Blood Exposure Causes Ventricular Zone Disruption and Glial Activation In Vitro
Authors: Castaneyra-Ruiz Leandro , Morales Diego M , McAllister James P , Brody Steven L , Isaacs Albert M , Strahle Jennifer M , Dahiya Sonika M , Limbrick David D 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is the most common cause of pediatric hydrocephalus in North America but remains poorly understood. Cell junction-mediated ventricular zone (VZ) disruption and astrogliosis are associated with the pathogenesis of congenital, nonhemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Recently, our group demonstrated that VZ disruption is also present in preterm infants with IVH. On the basis of this observation, we hypothesized that blood triggers the loss of VZ cell junction integrity and related cytopathology. In order to test this hypothesis, we developed an in vitro model of IVH by applying syngeneic blood to cultured VZ cells obtained from newborn mice. Following blood treatment, cells were assayed for N-cadherin-dependent adherens junctions, ciliated ependymal cells, and markers of glial activation using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. After 24–48 hours of exposure to blood, VZ cell junctions were disrupted as determined by a significant reduction in N-cadherin expression (p < 0.05). This was also associated with significant decrease in multiciliated cells and increase in glial fibrillary acid protein-expressing cells (p < 0.05). These observations suggest that, in vitro, blood triggers VZ cell loss and glial activation in a pattern that mirrors the cytopathology of human IVH and supports the relevance of this in vitro model to define injury mechanisms.
Oral Management for Pediatric Lyme Meningitis
Authors: Lopez Santiago M C , Campfield Brian T , Nowalk Andrew J 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines for pediatric Lyme meningitis recommend treatment with parenteral therapy [1, 2]. Adult studies suggest that Lyme meningitis can be successfully treated with oral therapy. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical response, side effects and outcome of oral therapy for Lyme meningitis in the pediatric population compared with parenteral therapy in an area endemic for Lyme disease.MethodsWe conducted a case series chart review from January 2012 to May 2017 of pediatrics patient diagnosed and treated for Lyme meningitis. We recorded clinical presentation, laboratory values, antimicrobial therapy and follow up after therapy to compare the efficacy of oral versus parenteral route of therapy.ResultsWe identified 38 patients diagnosed with Lyme meningitis. Thirty-two patients were discharge with exclusively oral therapy with: doxycycline and amoxicillin. We had only 2 patients developed potential adverse effects from oral doxycycline therapy. All patients treated with oral antibiotics had resolution of symptoms on follow up appointments.ConclusionsOral therapy for Lyme meningitis yields no serious adverse events, was well tolerated and showed resolution of symptoms.