bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of hot subdwarf B stars with neutron star components
Authors: Wu You , Chen Xuefei , Li Zhenwei , Han Zhanwen 
Published: July 2018

Context. Binary population synthesis predicts the existence of subdwarf B stars (sdBs) with neutron star (NS) or black hole (BH) companions. Several works have been dedicated to finding such systems, but none has been confirmed yet. Theoretically, the formation of sdBs with white dwarf (WD) and main sequence (MS) companions has been well investigated, while those with NS or BH companions remain to be explored further.
Aims. We systematically investigate the formation of sdB+NS binaries from binary evolution and aim to obtain some clues for a search for such systems.
Methods. We started from a series of MS+NS systems and determined the parameter spaces for producing sdB+NS binaries from the stable Roche-lobe overflow (RLOF) channel and from the common envelope (CE) ejection channel. The parameters for sdB+NS binaries were obtained from detailed binary evolution calculation with the code called modules for experiments in stellar astrophysics (MESA), and the CE parameters were given by the standard energy budget for CE evolution. The MS star had an initial mass ranging from 0.8 to 5 M⊙. Various NS accretion efficiencies and NS masses were examined to investigate the effects they have. We show the characteristics of the produced sdB+NS systems, such as the mass of components, orbital period, the semi-amplitude of the radial velocity (K), and the spin of the NS component.
Results. sdB+NS binaries can be produced either from stable RLOF or from CE ejection. In the stable RLOF channel, sdBs can be formed when the donor starts mass transfer close to the tip of the giant branch if the donor has an initial mass ≤2.0 M⊙. For more massive donors, sdBs can be formed when the donor starts mass transfer during the Hertzsprung gap or near the end of the MS. The orbital period of sdB+NS binaries produced in this way ranges from several days to more than 1000 days and moves toward the short-period (∼hr) side with increasing initial MS mass. The highest K is about 150 km s−1 for an MS star of initially 5 M⊙. However, the sdB+NS systems that result from CE ejection have very short orbital periods and then high values of K (up to 800 km s−1). Such systems are born in very young populations (younger than 0.3 Gyr) and are potential gravitational wave sources that might be resolved by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) in the future. Gravitational wave radiation may again bring them into contact on a timescale of only ∼Myr. As a consequence, they are rare and hard to discover. The pulsar signal is likely a feature of sdB+NS systems caused by stable RLOF, and some NS components in sdB binaries may be millisecond pulsars. Various NS accretion efficiencies and NS masses change some properties of sdB+NS binaries, but not our general results.
Immunization with plasmid DNA expressing Heat Shock Protein 40 confers prophylactic protection against chronicToxoplasma gondiiinfection in Kunming mice
Authors: Li Zhong-Yuan , Lu Jing , Zhang Nian-Zhang , Elsheikha Hany M. , Hou Jun-Ling , Guo Hai-Ting , Zhu Xing-Quan 
Published: July 2018

Toxoplasma gondiicauses one of the most common protozoal diseases of humans and animals worldwide. With the aim of designing an effective vaccine againstT. gondiiinfection, we examined the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing heat shock protein 40 (HSP40) against challenge withT. gondii(type I RH and type II Pru) strains in Kunming mice. The plasmid pVAX1-HSP40 was constructed and used to immunize mice by intramuscular injection for three sequential immunizations with two-week intervals. This immunization regimen significantly reduced parasite cyst burden in pVAX1-HSP40-immunized mice (1871.9 ± 142.3) compared with control mouse groups immunized with pVAX1 (3479.2 ± 204.4), phosphate buffered saline (3024.4 ± 212.8), or left untreated (3275.0 ± 179.8) as healthy controls (p < 0.01). However, immunization failed to protect mice against challenge with the virulent RH strain. There was a significant increase in T lymphocyte subclasses (CD3e+CD4+T and CD3e+CD8a+T lymphocytes) in splenic tissues in immunized mice compared with controls (p < 0.05). However, the level of antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation and concentration of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12p70) were not significantly different between immunized and control mouse groups (p < 0.05). These data indicate that pVAX1-HSP40 induced specific immune responses and achieved a significant reduction in the number of brain cysts in Pru-infected mice, and thus can be tested in future immunization studies along with plasmids containing other immunogenic proteins as a cocktail vaccine to fully abolish chronic toxoplasmosis.
Im Schatten der Eltern
Authors: Rothenburg Andrea 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungPsychiatrisch Pflegende kommen auch mit Angehörigen in Kontakt, doch wenn es um Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern geht, entstehen oft Unsicherheiten: Wie verhalte
ich mich? Kann ich die Kinder direkt ansprechen oder kann ich etwas falsch machen? Soll ich lieber an ihnen vorbeischauen, denn ich habe doch nicht gelernt, mit
ihnen umzugehen? Unsere Autorin erläutert anhand ihrer Erfahrungen mit Kindern psychisch kranker Eltern, wie wichtig es ist, nicht wegzugucken, sondern sich dem
Thema zu widmen. Sie nutzt als Projektbeauftragte in einer Psychiatrischen Klinik auch das Medium Film und macht Mut, hinzuschauen und Kinder in schwierigen
Situationen zu unterstützen.
Orte unbegreiflicher Unmenschlichkeit
Authors: Sedetzki Maria , Rungg Christine , Perkhofer Susanne 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungErgänzend zu ihrem Bericht in der letzten Ausgabe – über die Verwahrung und Tötung von psychisch kranken und behinderten Menschen im Nationalsozialismus – schildern die Autorinnen die Gräueltaten in der Tötungsanstalt Hartheim bei Linz und beschäftigen sich mit der wilden Euthanasie sowie der Rolle der Pflege in der NS-Zeit.
Uso de pruebas genómicas en tejido prostático, en el seguimiento de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata en protocolo de vigilancia activa: Revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Gómez Meza Jorge , Lizcano Ana , Solano Liz , Riatiga Diego , Rojas Daniel , García Juan 
Published: July 2018

Introducción y objetivos La vigilancia activa es una estrategia que busca diferir tratamientos con intención curativa y la morbilidad derivada de los mismos. Actualmente se requieren estrategias de seguimiento con mayor potencial de predicción en la enfermedad que permitan determinar de manera adecuada los pacientes candidatos para vigilancia activa. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre las pruebas genómicas en tejido prostático de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata en protocolo de vigilancia activa.
Materiales y métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura basados en criterios de inclusión y exclusión, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, Embase y Cochrane, para pruebas genómicas en tejido prostático de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata en vigilancia activa, basados en el modelo PRISMA.
Resultados Los estudios incluidos tuvieron en cuenta los siguientes desenlaces: Progresión de la enfermedad, mortalidad cáncer específica, Gleason >4 y hallazgos adversos en la biopsia confirmatoria. Las pruebas más utilizadas fueron el TMPRSS2: ERG, alelos para riesgo de cáncer de próstata y polimorfismos simples de nucleótidos. Se encontró el ERG–2 como factor predictor de progresión de enfermedad. Para los polimorfismos simples de nucleótidos, la evidencia no mostró correlación con el hallazgo de Gleason >4, tiempo a tratamiento ni para hallazgos adversos en la biopsia confirmatoria, sin embargo, esos estudios fueron de carácter retrospectivo. Por el contrario, en otro estudio, se encontró un área bajo la curva de 0,66 para polimorfismos simples de nucleótidos lo que sugiere que ellos pueden discriminar entre un resultado favorable y desfavorable en la patología del espécimen. En cuanto a los alelos asociados al riesgo de características adversas en la patología, se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa y un aumento de dos veces mayor riesgo en aquellos pacientes que tuvieran la expresión de al menos 3 de esos alelos. Ninguna de las pruebas utilizadas en los diferentes estudios permitió tomar la decisión de continuar o suspender el protocolo de vigilancia activa.
Conclusión Los estudios sobre pruebas genómicas en tejido prostático de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata en vigilancia activa son escasos y con bajo poder estadístico, algunos de ellos sugieren la capacidad discriminatoria entre características favorables y desfavorables en la patología, sin embargo, esos resultados aún son controversiales y con poca validez interna. Se requieren de estudios prospectivos que permitan determinar el rol actual en el manejo de esos pacientes.
Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides on Inhibition of Thrombus Formation initiated by Different Stimuli
Authors: Ryn-McKenna J Van , Gray E , Weber E , Ofosu F A , Buchanan M R 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTo test the possibility that different doses of heparin or other sulfated polysaccharides are required to inhibit thrombosis initiated by different stimuli, we compared the effects of heparin (HEP), pentosan polysulfate (SP54) and dermatan sulfate (DS) on the inhibition of thrombus formation induced by either I) tissue thromboplastin; II) thrombin; or III) factor Xa. Inhibition of thrombus formation induced by the stimuli was measured in a rabbit jugular vein hypercoagulation/stasis model. First, we determined the minimum dose of each sulfated polysaccharide which inhibited tissue thromboplastin-induced thrombus formation by ∼75%, and then compared the relative effectiveness of this dose to prevent thrombus formation initiated with the other two stimuli. HEP and SP54 were less effective when thrombin was the thrombogenic stimulus, while DS was more effective. HEP was the most effective agent when factor Xa was the stimulus. We conclude that the antithrombotic effectiveness of a given dose of a sulfated polysaccharide may vary depending on the stimulus which initiates thrombus formation.
ARICHemostasis Study - I. Development of a Blood Collection and Processing System Suitable for Multicenter Hemostatic Studies
Authors: Papp A C , Hatzakis H , Bracey A , Wu K K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn order to carry out a multicenter study aimed at understanding the association of hemostatic factors with atherosclerotic vascular disorders for the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study, we compared a blood collection and processing system developed in our laboratory with the state-of-the-art- procedures. The salient features of our system included the use of a new phlebotomy set for venipuncture, the use of Millipore filters for removing platelet residues in the plasma and the use of a mixture of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents for inhibiting the in vitro activation of platelets, coagulation and fibrinolytic system. The results derived from systematic evaluations indicate that this newly developed system yields the lowest values of plasma ßTG, PF 4 and FPA when compared with the reported values. The technique also gave reliable values of representative hemostatic measurements such as fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, antithrombin-III, protein C, tissue- type plasminogen activator, and serum thromboxane B2. Further experiments revealed that the samples withstood temporary storage at −70° C and overnight “shipping” manipulations without significant changes in the hemostatic values. We conclude that the described blood collection and processing system may be a valuable asset for conducting multicenter cooperative clinical trials and epidemiologic studies involving blood collection by multiple field centers or clinics.
Absence of Potentiation with Murine Antiplatelet GPIIb/IIIa Antibody of Thrombolysis with Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (rt-PA) in a Canine Venous Thrombosis Model
Authors: Spriggs D , Gold H K , Hashimoto Y , Houtte E Van , Vermylen J , Collen D 
Published: July 2018

SummaryF(ab’)2 fragments of a murine monoclonal anti-platelet GPIIb/ IIIa antibody (7E3) are a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor, which in a canine coronary artery thrombosis model accelerate lysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and prevent reocclusion (7).In the present study, we have investigated the potential value of platelet aggregation inhibition as adjunctive therapy to lysis of venous thrombi, by measuring the thrombolytic potency of 7E3- F(ab’)2 and rt-PA used alone or in combination, in dogs with a 125I-fibrin labeled femoral vein thrombus. The dose-response of thrombolysis with rt-PA infused over 4 hours was linear: doses of 0.075 mg/kg, 0.15 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg produced 37 ± 3, 57 ± 11 and 83 ± 4% lysis respectively, against a background value of 20 ± 2%. With F(ab’)2 fragments of 7E3 given as a bolus of 1.2 mg/ kg, which saturated 70% of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptors and prolonged the bleeding to more than 30 min, lysis was not significantly increased over background. Combination of 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg of 7E3-F(ab’)2 with either 0.03 or 0.06 mg/kg of rt-PA did not produce more lysis than obtained with a comparable dose of rt-PA alone. No significant changes in plasma fibrinogen or α2- antiplasmin were observed with either agent alone or with the combination. It is concluded that extensive inhibition of platelet aggregation does not potentiate the thrombolytic effect of rt-PA in this venous thrombosis model.
Significance of Plasma Adenosine in the Antiplatelet Activity of Forskolin: Potentiation by Dipyridamole and Dilazep
Authors: Agarwal Kailash C , Zielinski Beth A , Maitra Ranjan S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryForskolin, a plant (Coleus forskohlii) diterpene, inhibits ADP- induced (human: IC50, 2.3±1.0 μ;M; rat: IC50, 1.2±0.5 μM) and collagen-induced (human: IC50, 2.4±1.2 μM; rat: 0.6±0.2 μM) platelet aggregation in human and rat platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Human blood levels of adenosine (Ado) are low (100-300 nM) as compared to levels in rat plasma (7.55 ± 0.51 μM). Ado is a natural antiplatelet and vasodilatory agent produced by vascular endothelium, heart and other body tissues. If the plasma Ado is degraded by pretreatment of PRP with adenosine deaminase (ADA), forskolin inhibition on platelet aggregation is reduced by 2-4 fold both in human and rat blood. On the other hand, if the physiological steady state levels of Ado are maintained by collecting the blood in the presence of the inhibitors of ADA (2’-deoxycoformycin, dCF, 5 μM) and Ado uptake (dipyridamole, 10 μM or dilazep, 2 μM), forskolin inhibition (IC50, 3.2 μM) on platelet aggregation in human PRP is potentiated by 20-40 fold (IC50, 0.075-0.15 μM). Similar potentiated forskolin effect (IC50, 0.53 μM) is seen if the ADA-treated human PRP is replenished with a low level of Ado (50 nM) after ADA inactivation by dCF and Ado-uptake blockade by dilazep. If the plasma is replenished with a higher concentration of Ado (300 nM), greater potentiation is seen (IC50, 0.23 μM). Forskolin is 2-4 fold more inhibitory in rat PRP than in human PRP, partially due to the presence of higher levels of Ado in the rat plasma. These studies demonstrate an important role of plasma Ado in the antiplatelet activity of forskolin and this effect can be greatly potentiated by the clinically used drugs, dipyridamole and dilazep.
Differing Susceptibilities of Platelets from Normal Individuals and Patients with von Willebrand’s Disease to Attack by Quinine- and Quinidine-Dependent Antiplatelet Antibodies
Authors: Pfueller Sharron L , Bilston Robyn A , Logan Dana , David Rosemary , Sloan Ian G , Firkin Barry G 
Published: July 2018

SummaryReactivity of quinine- and quinidine-dependent antiplatelet antibodies has been compared in platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) from normal donors and from patients with von Willebrand’s disease (vWd). One quinine-dependent antibody (Q. Ab) caused platelet aggregation and [14C] serotonin release with only 7 of 12 normal donors, while another Q. Ab and a quinidine-dependent antibody (Qd. Ab) caused aggregation and release with all 12. Drug- dependent IgG binding and PF 3 availability induced by the antibodies were, however, comparable in all donors. Differences in responsiveness were associated with platelets and not plasma. vWd platelets showed normal drug-dependent IgG binding, but decreased aggregation and serotonin release to most drug- dependent antibodies. Responsiveness was not restored by purified vWf:Ag, but, in one case, was corrected by normal plasma or cryoprecipitate. Drug-dependent binding of the Q. Ab which caused variable responsiveness in normals was to the same platelet antigens (GPIb and GPIIIa) in both normal and vWd platelets and did not require plasma components. Reduced PF 3 availability was seen with some antibodies in some vWd patients. Plasma from two of these patients inhibited aggregation of normal platelets to Q. Ab and one of these inhibited aggregation to ADP. Antiplatelet antibodies were detected in these two plasmas by ELISA. Thus some Q. Ab produce different responses with platelets from different donors. In vWd, reduced responsiveness to Q.Ab and Qd. Ab may result from production of inhibitory antiplatelet antibodies.
Binding of Tissue Plasminogen Activator to Vascular Grafts
Authors: Harvey Richard A , Kim Hugh C , Pincus Jonathan , Trooskin Stanley Z , Wilcox Josiah N , Greco Ralph S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTissue plasminogen activator labeled with radioactive iodine (125I-tPA) was immobilized on vascular prostheses chemically modified with a thin coating of water-insoluble surfactant, tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDM AC). Surfactant- treated Dacron, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silastic, polyethylene and polyurethane bound appreciable amounts of 125I- tPA (5-30 μg 125I-tPA/cm2). Upon exposure to human plasma, the amount of 125I-tPA bound to the surface shows an initial drop during the first hour of incubation, followed by a slower, roughly exponential release with a t½ of appoximately 75 hours. Prostheses containing bound tPA show fibrinolytic activity as measured both by lysis of clots formed in vitro, and by hydrolysis of a synthetic polypeptide substrate. Prior to incubation in plasma, tPA bound to a polymer surface has an enzymic activity similar, if not identical to that of the native enzyme in buffered solution. However, exposure to plasma causes a decrease in the fibrinolytic activity of both bound tPA and enzyme released from the surface of the polymer. These data demonstrate that surfactant-treated prostheses can bind tPA, and that these chemically modified devices can act as a slow-release drug delivery system with the potential for reducing prosthesis-induced thromboembolism.
A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Thromboprophylaxis in Major Elective General Surgery Using Once Daily Injections of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin Fragment (Fragmin)
Authors: Ockelford Paul A , Patterson Janet , Johns Allan S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe safety and efficacy of the low molecular weight heparin fragment (Fragmin) administered as a single daily injection of 2,500 anti Xa units has been evaluated in 183 patients undergoing major elective general surgery. The study was double-blinded and placebo controlled. The active agent, or placebo, was given subcutaneously with the preoperative medication and continued postoperatively for 5-9 days. Ninety five patients received Fragmin and 88 were randomized to receive the placebo. The clinical characteristics of the two treatment groups were similar. Fragmin significantly reduced the incidence of deep venous thrombosis, as detected by a positive 125I fibrinogen leg scan, relative to the placebo treated patients (4/95, 4.2%; v. 14/88, 15.9%; p = 0.008). The thrombotic events occurred predominantly (73%) amongst patients with malignancy. Haemorrhagic endpoints necessitating discontinuation of the trial treatment were 4% in each group. No severe adverse reactions or drug related deaths occurred. These results indicate that 2,500 anti Xa units of Fragmin given only once daily is effective thromboprophylaxis for patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery.
Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complexes in the Prediction of Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Hoek J A , Nurmohamed M T , ten Cate J W , Büller H R , Knipscheer H C , Hamelynck K J , Marti R K , Sturk A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn 196 consecutive patients who underwent elective total hip surgery we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the thrombinantithrombin III complex immunoassay, as assessed on the first, fourth and tenth postoperative day, for the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Patients received either LMWheparinoid (n = 97) or placebo (n = 99) and underwent contrast venography on the tenth postoperative day.Thrombin-antithrombin III (T-AT) plasma levels were raised in all patients on the first postoperative day and gradually decreased during the study period. T-AT plasma levels were significantly higher in patients developing DVT when compared to patients without DVT and remained so until day 10. This difference was apparent both in the LMW-heparinoid group as well as in the placebo-treated patients.ROC-curve analysis revealed no satisfactory discriminative power for the diagnosis of developing DVT at any of the studied cut-off values for T-AT.We conclude that the postoperative determination of T-AT complex plasma concentrations in hip surgery patients has no clinical utility in the prediction of postoperative DVT.
Gold-Labeled Bovine Fibrinogen for Study of Human Platelets
Authors: Grouse Lynette H , White James G 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFibrinogen coupled to colloidal gold has proven to be a useful agent for probing the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor on human and bovine platelets at the ultrastructural level. The reagent has helped to demonstrate fundamental differences in the reorganization of the fibrinogen receptors on human and cattle platelets following surface activation. However, commercial preparations of human fibrinogen have not yielded a stable reagent in our hands when coupled to colloidal gold. The present study has substituted bovine for human fibrinogen. Bovine fibrinogen gold proved to be a more stable reagent and could be substituted for human fibrinogen gold in all experiments on human and bovine platelets.
The Prediction of Post-operative Deep Vein Thrombosis, Using a Newly Described Test of Platelet Function
Authors: King J. B , Joffe S. N 
Published: July 2018

SummaryUsing a newly described test of platelet function which measured the ability of platelets washed free of plasma to generate thrombin in vitro, a study was made of patients undergoing surgery. Samples of platelets were taken before and immediately after operation in 27 cases. In 10 cases there was a significant increase in thromboplastin generation by these washed platelets, and 8 of these cases developed postoperative deep vein thrombosis. In a further 17 cases both pre- and post-operative tests were within the normal range, and only 2 of these cases developed deep vein thrombosis. It is thought that this test makes use to a significant degree of the throm- boplastic properties of the platelet surface, and it is suggested that alteration in these surface properties during operation may be, to some extent, responsible for the deep vein thrombosis in the post-operative period.