bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Variables to be Considered when Attempting to Estimate Blood Ethanol Concentrations in Rats from g/kg Exposure Data
Authors: Dannenhoffer Carol A. , Hosová Dominika , Dang Sanjeena , Dang Utkarsh , Spear Linda P. ,   Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood (NADIA) Consortium
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn rodent studies of ethanol (EtOH) consumption where blood sample collection does not occur, there is often mention of likely BECs based on prior studies. These studies may vary in dose(s) used, age/sex/species, or administration route. Often, intake studies may presume that binge-levels were achieved without knowing that BECs exceeded 80 mg% (binge threshold). In human studies, estimated BECs (eBECs) have been derived using complex formulas that consider EtOH consumption level and the weight and sex of the individual.MethodThree datasets were used to derive eBECs using a conversion factor (CF) that considers gram (g) of EtOH per kilogram (kg) of animal weight and other variables that may influence BECs such as age, sex, dose, route, vehicle, chronicity, and timing post-exposure. Regression analyses were also conducted for each dataset, building regression models with BEC as the response and other variables in the study specific to each dataset as predictor variables.ResultsDataset1 assessed age, sex and post-injection time point. Both CF and regression analyses determined that different CFs should be used for 10- and 30-min post-administration time points. Dataset2 assessed age, dose, vehicle and post-intubation time point. Depending on the post-intubation time point, several CFs were used to derive eBECs. When weight was not used as a regression variable, data across approaches corresponded, with age differences emerging later in elimination phase. In Dataset3 that used BECs from a repeated intake study, chronic exposure influenced CFs, although regression analysis did not yield similar findings.ConclusionsAlthough eBECs can be derived, critical variables vary with subject and test conditions and do not always concur with results of regression analyses. Although, not designed to replace assessment of BECs when sample collection is possible, the CF approach may prove useful when estimating BECs in studies where assessments are not feasible.
Cell Cycle Asynchrony Generates DNA Damage at Mitotic Entry in Polyploid Cells
Authors: Nano Maddalena , Simon Anthony , Pennetier Carole , Fraisier Vincent , Marthiens Veronique , Basto Renata 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolyploidy arises from the gain of complete chromosomes sets [1] and is known to promote cancer genome evolution. Recent evidence suggests that a large proportion of human tumours experience whole genome duplications (WGDs), which might favour the generation of highly abnormal karyotypes within a short time frame, rather than in a stepwise manner [2–6]. However, the molecular mechanisms linking whole genome duplication to genetic instability remain poorly understood. Further, possible mechanisms responsible for rapid genome reshuffling have not been described yet. Using repeated cytokinesis failure to induce polyploidization ofDrosophilaneural stem cells (NSCs, also called neuroblasts - NBs), we investigated the consequences of polyploidyin vivo. Here, we show that polyploid NSCs accumulate high levels of chromosome instability. Surprisingly, we found that DNA damage is generated in a subset of nuclei of polyploid NBs during mitosis, in an asymmetric manner. Importantly, our observations in flies were confirmed in mouse NSCs (mNSCs) after acute cytokinesis inhibition. Interestingly, DNA damage occurs in nuclei that were not ready to enter mitosis but were forced to do so when exposed to the mitotic environment of neighbouring nuclei within the same cell. Additionally, we found that polyploid cells are cell cycle asynchronous and forcing cell cycle synchronization is sufficient to lower the levels of DNA damage generated during mitosis. Overall, this work supports a model in which DNA damage at mitotic entry can generate a mutated genetic landscape that contributes to the onset of genetic instability.
A Critique of Pure Learning: What Artificial Neural Networks can Learn from Animal Brains
Authors: Zador Anthony M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTOver the last decade, artificial neural networks (ANNs), have undergone a revolution, catalyzed in large part by better tools for supervised learning. However, training such networks requires enormous data sets of labeled examples, whereas young animals (including humans) typically learn with few or no labeled examples. This stark contrast with biological learning has led many in the ANN community posit that instead of supervised paradigms, animals must rely instead primarily on unsupervised learning, leading the search for better unsupervised algorithms. Here we argue that much of an animal’s behavioral repertoire is not the result of clever learning algorithms—supervised or unsupervised—but arises instead from behavior programs already present at birth. These programs arise through evolution, are encoded in the genome, and emerge as a consequence of wiring up the brain. Specifically, animals are born with highly structured brain connectivity, which enables them learn very rapidly. Recognizing the importance of the highly structured connectivity suggests a path toward building ANNs capable of rapid learning.
StretchfMRI: a new technique to quantify the contribution of the reticular formation to long-latency responses via fMRI
Authors: Zonnino Andrea , Farrens Andria J. , Ress David , Sergi Fabrizio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIncreased reticulospinal (RS) function has been observed to cause both positive and negative outcomes in the recovery of motor function after corticospinal lesions such as stroke. Current knowledge of RF function is limited by the lack of accurate, noninvasive methods for measuring RS function. Recent studies suggest that the RS tract may be involved in processing and generating Long Latency Responses (LLRs). LLRs, elicited by applying precisely controlled perturbations, can act as a reliable stimulus to measure LLR-related brainstem function using fMRI with high signal-to-noise ratio.In this paper, we present StretchfMRI, a new technique that enables simultaneous recording of neural and muscular activity during motor responses conditioned by velocity-controlled robotic perturbations, which allows for direct investigation of the neural correlates of LLRs using fMRI.Via preliminary validation experiments, we demonstrate that our technique can reliably elicit and identify LLRs in two wrist muscles–FCR and ECU. Moreover, via a single-subject pilot experiment, we show that the occurrence of an LLR in a flexor and extensor muscle modulates neural activity in distinct regions of the brainstem. The observed somatotopic organization is in agreement with the double reciprocal model of RS function observed in animal models, in which the right medullary and left pontine reticular formation are responsible for control of the motor activity in flexors and extensors, respectively.
Single-stride exposure to pulse torque assistance provided by a robotic exoskeleton at the hip and knee joints
Authors: McGrath Robert L. , Sergi Fabrizio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRobot assisted gait retraining is an increasingly common method for supporting restoration of walking function after neurological injury. Gait speed, an indicator of walking function, is correlated with propulsive force, a measure modulated by the posture of the trailing limb at push-off. With the ultimate goal of improving efficacy of robot assisted gait retraining, we sought to directly target gait propulsion, by exposing subjects to pulses of joint torque applied at the hip and knee joints to modulate push-off posture. Our previous work investigated changes in joint moments associated with push-off posture modulation, which informed the composition of 16 joint torque pulse conditions.In this work, we utilized a robotic exoskeleton to apply pulses of torque to the hip and knee joints, during individual strides, of 16 healthy control subjects, and quantified the effects of this intervention on hip extension and propulsive impulse during and after application of these pulses.We observed significant effects in the outcome measures primarily at the stride of pulse application. Specifically, when pulses were applied at late stance, we observed a significant increase in propulsive impulse when knee and/or hip flexion pulses were applied and a significant increase in hip extension angle when hip extension torque pulses were applied. When pulses were applied at early stance, we observed a significant increase in propulsive impulse associated with hip extension torque.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate controls the cis and trans interactions of synaptotagmin 1
Authors: Nyenhuis S.B. , Thapa A. , Cafiso D. S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSynaptotagmin 1 acts as the Ca2+-sensor for synchronous neurotransmitter release; however, the mechanism by which it functions is not understood and is presently a topic of considerable interest. Here we describe measurements on full-length membrane reconstituted synaptotagmin 1 using site-directed spin labeling where we characterize the linker region as well as thecis(vesicle membrane) andtrans(cytoplasmic membrane) binding of its two C2 domains. In the full-length protein, the C2A domain does not undergo membrane insertion in the absence of Ca2+; however, the C2B domain will bind to and penetrate intransto a membrane containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2), even if phosphatidylserine (PS) is present in the cis membrane. In the presence of Ca2+, the Ca2+-binding loops of C2A and C2B both insert into the membrane interface; moreover, C2A preferentially inserts into PS containing bilayers and will bind in acisconfiguration to membranes containing PS even if a PIP2membrane is presented intrans. The data are consistent with a bridging activity for Syt1 where the two domains bind to opposing vesicle and plasma membranes. The failure of C2A to bind membranes in the absence of Ca2+and the long unstructured segment linking C2A to the vesicle membrane indicates that synaptotagmin 1 could act to significantly shorten the vesicle-plasma membrane distance with increasing levels of Ca2+.
Composition variation of agarwood-associated microbial communities from Aquilaria sinensis
Authors: Mo Qigui , Fan Chenyang , Zhou Gao , Fu Huiying , Wang Youwei 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAgarwood, derived from Aquilaria sinensis and Aquilaria malaccensis, is of medicinal and ecological value and religious importance as incense. The existing imbalance between short supply and increasing demand of this product remains to be solved. Thus, the biologically artificial agarwood-inducing methods commonly called whole-tree agarwood-inducing techniques (agar-wit) have been established to dramatically improve agarwood yield within a short period. However, several studies reported a lower content of ethanol-soluble extractive in the agar-wit agarwood than in the natural agarwood. To further understand the role of microorganisms in agarwood formation, we investigated and contrasted the endophytic bacteria and fungi between different types of agarwood from A. sinensis through high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the same dominant phyla of bacteria consisting of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were shared by the natural agarwood and agar-wit agarwood. Meanwhile, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota constituted the similar dominant fungal phyla of these two kinds of agarwood. However, the principal microbial communities at the genus or order level evidently varied from natural agarwood to agar-wit agarwood. Moreover, the bacterial communities are closely connected with terpenoid and carbohydrate metabolism, which indicated that the bacterial communities also play a vital role in agarwood formation. In conclusion, the higher concentrated abundance of the dominant microbial communities in agar-wit agarwood than in natural agarwood may promote agarwood formation, however, the low evenness of microbial communities also lowers the content of ethanol-soluble extractive.IMPORTANCEAgarwood has become an indispensable product in modern life because of medicinal value, ecological and religious importance as incense. Nevertheless, the enormous demand for agarwood markedly exceeds the supply because of the dramatically declining population of genus Aquilaria. Agarwood formation occurring slowly and infrequently in a natural environment, so various artificial techniques were developed to promote the formation of agarwood, such as the physical methods and chemical methods. However, these techniques still are insufficient to compensate for the agarwood shortage. In this case, a novel biological method called the whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique (Agar-wit) induces agarwood production. However, several studies have shown that agarwood harvested from biological technology contains lower content of ethanol-soluble extractive compared with natural agarwood. So to further expose and understand the endophytic bacteria and fungi in agarwood formation is important for the improvement of biological method.
Time rationalities
Authors: Chakhovich Terhi 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The temporality of performance measurement systems has been claimed to affect actors’ time orientation, such as that of listed company managers. The purpose of this paper is to explore this view.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses constructivist data gathered from executives in one listed and one non-listed company.

Findings
The study shows that the research on performance measurement is based on a linear-quantitative view on time that assumes that humans orient towards the future from one point, the present; this view excludes other time-related constructs, particularly the past, and highlights a choice between the short term and the long term, idealising the long term. It is shown that the performance measurement of non-listed company executives is constructed through past-based, present-based and future-based rationalities: executives acknowledge the past as a basis for present and future performance, present actions as shaping future performance and future plans and performance targets as bases for present actions. Listed company executives’ performance measurement is constructed predominantly through the present-based time rationality.

Research limitations/implications
“The orientation from the present” and the “short” and “long terms” could be enhanced with time rationalities.

Practical implications
The evaluation periods within performance measurement systems do not determine the time orientations of the actors subjected to those systems; time rationalities could be considered when designing such systems.

Originality/value
The paper provides a novel view on performance measurement and time.
Factors influencing Turkish parents’ intentions towards anti-consumption of junk food
Authors: Yarimoglu Emel , Kazancoglu Ipek , Bulut Zeki Atıl 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze parents’ intentions toward the anti-consumption of junk food for their children. The paper incorporated the theory of planned behavior (TPB) using two external factors, which previously have not been investigated together.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was designed from previous studies consisting of the constructs of the TPB (intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) and two external factors (anticipated regret and perceived risk). An online survey was conducted among 392 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
All hypotheses were supported. Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control affected parental intentions toward the anti-consumption of junk food. The two external factors of the model also affected parental intentions toward the anti-consumption of junk food.

Research limitations/implications
There were four limitations regarding participants, the research model and product type.

Practical implications
Junk food producers, sellers, fast food restaurants and public policies should encourage healthy lifestyles, particularly for children. Junk food producers and fast food restaurants should offer healthier nutritional options. Governmental policies should include legal regulations to restrict marketing strategies for unhealthy products. Parents, as the primary influencers of children, should be educated regarding the anti-consumption of junk food.

Originality/value
The study contributed to the anti-consumption literature by analyzing buying intentions toward junk food within the concept of anti-consumption, analyzing intentions by adding anticipated regret and perceived risk to the TPB model and analyzing the effects of perceived risk on anticipated regret.
Co-designing integrated care for high-needs clients: the Help Team for school-aged children
Authors: Tuominen Tuula , Harju Mari , Oksman Erja , Hujala Anneli 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a Finnish pilot project aiming to support high-needs clients in their everyday lives by developing an integrated care approach based on the multi-sectoral collaboration of care professionals. The Help Team for school-aged children will be described as an example of the integrative practices developed on the project.

Design/methodology/approach
Altogether 250 professionals from primary and secondary health care and social care and from the education sector were designated to collaborate in 37 local, multi-sectoral teams, aiming to develop integrated care practices for high-needs clients. Teamwork was supported by coaches and project seminars, the Breakthrough method and other LEAN methods. The project was evaluated internally by means of a survey and interviews with the participants.

Findings
As a result of the project, all 37 teams developed a specific collaboration model for their selected target group comprising different kinds of high-needs clients.

Research limitations/implications
The sustainability of the outcomes of the project depends on how managers and decision-makers are committed to applying the collaboration models in future.

Practical implications
Many of the collaboration models developed in the project will be implemented in practice in a wider area.

Social implications
The project highlighted the need to pay attention to the problems of people with multiple care needs and the challenges they pose for integrated care.

Originality/value
The project was based on the client-centered development work done by frontline professionals. Due to the high level of involvement of the professionals themselves, the project proved highly instructive for them. It is extremely important to engage frontline level professionals in development work and support them in collaborating beyond the traditional “silos”.
To Invest or Not to Invest?: The Roles of Product Information, Attitudes Towards Finance and Life Variables in Retail Investor Propensity to Engage with Financial Products
Authors: Hillenbrand Carola , Saraeva Anastasiya , Money Kevin , Brooks Chris 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLittle is known in the current literature about the factors affecting retail investor (RI) propensity to engage with financial products other than their attitude towards financial risk (ATFR). This study explores the role of a number of variables, thematically grouped into domain‐specific (product information and attitudes towards finance) and general impact factors (life variables). Data from 970 UK‐based RIs, collected in 2017 across a variant of products, suggest that when analysed thematically, variables related to product information emerge as the most important group of influence factors. While the relevance of ATFR is also vindicated in the findings of this study, the results bring a dose of life context to situations of financial decision‐making by illustrating that information about the product as well as life variables matter significantly, in particular negative emotions and sensation‐seeking, thereby highlighting a duty of care towards potentially vulnerable people. The study discusses implications arising from the findings in relation to research, practice and policy.
Barbara Johnson's Album: Material Literacy and Consumer Practice, 1746‐1823
Authors: Dyer Serena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article examines Barbara Johnson's Album, a prolific record of the dress consumption of a vicar's daughter. The album contains over a hundred samples of dress fabrics acquired by Johnson between the ages of eight and eighty‐five. Interrogated alongside the Johnson family correspondence and didactic tools produced by Johnson's mother, this article argues that the album acted as a material form of account book, conceived as a moral, financial and material regulator. Considered within the emerging framework of material knowledge and consumer skill, the album provides important evidence of how consumers maintained and developed their material literacy.
Demand for temperature and rainfall index insurance in India
Authors: Matsuda Ayako , Kurosaki Takashi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWeather index insurance has been attracting considerable attention from academics and policymakers. This study investigates the demand for two types of index insurance sold in India: temperature index insurance for dry season and rainfall index insurance for subsequent monsoon season. Using data from randomized subsidy experiments, we separate purchase and quantity decisions and investigate how demand for rainfall insurance is correlated with demand for temperature insurance sold in the previous season. We find that the price (premium) does not influence purchase decisions per se but does significantly influence quantity decisions. The quantity demanded is less price‐sensitive for subsequent rainfall insurance than it is for temperature insurance. We also find that purchasers of temperature insurance tend to buy rainfall insurance more often than nonpurchasers do. However, a one‐time subsidy does not influence on subsequent demand, suggesting no price‐anchoring effect.
Two novel variants in the ATM gene causing ataxia‐telangiectasia, including a duplication of 90 kb: Utility of targeted next‐generation sequencing in detection of copy number variation
Authors: Martin‐Rodriguez Samuel , Calvo‐Ferrer Alicia , Ortega‐Unanue Nerea , Samaniego‐Jimenez Laura , Sanz‐Izquierdo Maria Pilar , Bernardo‐Gonzalez Ivan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAtaxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, ocular apraxia, immunodeficiency, telangiectasia, elevated serum α‐fetoprotein concentration, radiosensitivity and cancer predisposition. Classical A‐T is caused by biallelic variants on ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) gene, leading to a loss of function of the protein kinase ATM, involved in DNA damage repair. Atypical presentations can be found in A‐T‐like disease or in Nijmegen breakage syndrome, caused by deficiency of mre11 or nibrin proteins, respectively. In this report, we present the genetic characterization of a 4‐year‐old female with clinical diagnosis of A‐T. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) revealed two novel heterozygous mutations in the ATM gene: a single‐nucleotide variant (SNV) at exon 47 (NM_000051.3:c.6899G > C; p.Trp2300Ser) and ∼90 kb genomic duplication spanning exons 17–61, NG_009830.1:g.(41245_49339)_(137044_147250)dup. These findings were validated by Sanger sequencing and MLPA (multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification) analysis respectively. Familial segregation study confirmed that the two variants are inherited, and the infant is a compound heterozygote. Thus, our study expands the spectrum of ATM pathogenic variants and demonstrates the utility of targeted NGS in the detection of copy number variation.