bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of whey protein in carbohydrate‐electrolyte drinks on post‐exercise rehydration
Authors: Li Liang , Sun Feng‐Hua , Huang Wendy Ya‐Jun , Wong Stephen Heung‐Sang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different amounts of whey protein in carbohydrate–electrolyte (CE) drinks on post‐exercise rehydration. Ten males completed 5 trials in a randomised cross‐over design. A 4‐h recovery was applied after a 60‐min run at 65% VO2peak in each trial. During recovery, the participants ingested a high‐carbohydrate CE drink (CE‐H), a low‐carbohydrate CE drink (CE‐L), a high‐whey‐protein (33 g·L−1) CE drink (CW‐H), a medium‐whey‐protein (22 g·L−1) CE drink (CW‐M) or a low‐whey‐protein (15 g·L−1) CE drink (CW‐L) in a volume equivalent to 150% of their body mass (BM) loss. The drinks were provided in six equal boluses and consumed by the participants within 150 min in each trial. After exercise, a BM loss of 2.15% ± 0.05% was achieved. Urine production was less in the CW‐M and CW‐H trials during recovery, which induced a greater fluid retention in the CW‐M (51.0% ± 5.7%) and CW‐H (55.4% ± 3.8%) trials than in any other trial (p < .05). The plasma albumin content was higher in the CW‐H trial than in the CE‐H and CE‐L trials at 2 h (p < .05) and 3 h (p < .01) during recovery. The aldosterone concentration was lower in the CE‐H trial than in the CW‐M and CW‐H trials after recovery (p < .05). It is concluded that the rehydration was improved when whey protein was co‐ingested with CE drinks during a 4‐h recovery after a 60‐min run. However, this additive effect was only observed when whey protein concentration was at least 22 g·L−1 in the current study.
Emerging second language writing identity and complex dynamic writing
Authors: Tu I-Ju 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Complex Dynamic Systems theory (CDS) has been widely used in the field of second-language acquisition (SLA). While adopting CDS to investigate second language writing (L2W) research, second language writing identity (L2WID) is little address in CDS. This study emerges the notions of CDS and L2WID, and reconceptualizes as an inclusive framework for future studies. The notion of L2 Complex dynamic writing is refined and it consists of writers’ heterogeneities, acts of agency, and attractors among systems. The studies of L2WID are reviewed and categorized in sociopsychological, sociocultural, and sociolinguistic perspectives. Emerging the features of L2 complex dynamic writing and L2WID provides a framework to fill in the gap between L2 writing performance and writers’ identities. This study contributes to three aspects. This study tailors the connection of L2 writing process and L2WID and offers an inclusive framework for those who are situated in L2 writing formal (classroom) or informal (social media) discourses to examine the power relations among L2 writing texts, selves, and relationships in their writing discourses. Ultimately, this framework fundamentally theorizes the nonlinear features of L2 complex dynamic writing with consideration of L2WID.
International comparison of activity measurements of a solution of 238Pu
Authors: Ratel G , Michotte C 
Published: March 2018

This report concerns an international comparison of measurements of a solution of 238Pu that was carried out by 12 participants in 2001. The report includes the degrees of equivalence.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Quality improvement of laminated board made from oil palm trunk at various outer layer using phenol formaldehyde adhesive
Authors: Hartono R , Sucipto T 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Characteristic of laminated board from oil palm trunk (OPT) is very low in quality. The effort to improved it’s quality done by using the outer layer from high density wood. The purpose of this experiment was to analyzed the effects of the outer layer on physical and mechanical properties of OPT and to obtain optimum treatment to fulfills JAS 234:2003. All of laminated board was made of 3 layers, and for the middle layer was made by densified-OPT. Then for the outer layer was made of sengon and meranti wood. The sample size was 5 cm (width) × 3 cm (thick) × 45 cm (length). The various outer layer of laminated board were A (OPT/densified OPT/OPT); B (Sengon/densified OPT/OPT); C (Sengon/densified OPT/sengon); D (Meranti/densified OPT/OPT) and E (Meranti/densified OPT/meranti). The results showed that the moisture content, density, thickness swelling, delamination, MOR and MOE were 6.10-8.48%; 0.40-0.63 g/cm3; 6.43-13.20%; 0%; 168.79-438.29 kg/cm2 and 30115-100454 kg/cm2, respectively. The moisture content and delamination fulfills JAS 234:2003, while density and thickness swelling did not fulfill standard. Whereas for MOR and MOE value, only type D and E that fulfill standard. There are strongth relationship between density and mechanical properties, such as MOR and MOE value. The optimum treatment in this reseach to made laminated board made from OPT was type D that using the meranti as outer layer.
Interest rate changes, mortgages, and consumption: evidence from Italy
Authors: Jappelli Tullio , Scognamiglio Annalisa 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARY
Using the Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth, we study whether the drop in interest rates following the Great Recession was associated with an increase in consumption for households with Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARM) relative to those with Fixed Rate Mortgages (FRM). After the reduction in mortgage payments, consumption of ARM holders increases relative to FRM but the implied marginal propensity to consume is not statistically different from zero. We suggest three explanations for the weak consumption response to the income shock. First, cash-on-hand and debt heterogeneity may attenuate the consumption response. Second, borrowers believe that the income shock was short-lasting, and that interest rates would likely increase in the future, implying a small effect on consumption. Third, the shock is offset partly by a reduction in income from financial assets owned by mortgagors. The findings have implications for the conduct of monetary policy interventions and the credibility of the future path of interest rates, pass-through of monetary policy, and design of the mortgage market.
A304 FOOD ANTIGEN-STRESS INTERACTION INCREASES PERIPHERAL PAIN SIGNALING IN A MOUSE MODEL OF IBS
Authors: Lopez Lopez C D , Polanco J O Jaramillo , Vanner S , Reed D E 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Food and stress are common triggers of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, it is unknown whether a specific food antigen alone can induce symptoms such as abdominal pain or if a second trigger, such as stress, is required for a food antigen to increase pain signaling.

Aims
To determine if a food antigen (ovalbumin) can induce hyperexcitabiity in nociceptive neurons alone and/or in combination with stress.

Methods
Mice were exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS; 1 hr for 6 days). On day 2, mice were gavaged ovalbumin (20mg) daily after completing WAS (WAS/OVA). These were compared to 3 groups: no WAS and no ovalbumin (control); WAS but no ovalbumin (WAS); and ovalbumin (OVA) alone. On day 8, WAS, OVA and WAS/OVA mice were given ovalbumin (50 μg) subcutaneously; 3 hours later euthanized. Colons were removed and incubated with ovalbumin (100 μg/ml) for 4 hrs. Supernatants were collected and DRG neurons from control mice were incubated overnight with supernatants from each of the four groups. Changes in neuronal excitability were examined by measuring the rheobase (minimal current to evoke an action potential) using perforated patch clamp recording techniques. Stress effects on intestinal permeability in the ileum and colon were assessed in Ussing chambers. One way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test or unpaired t test were used to analyze the data.

Results
Incubation with supernatants obtained from WAS/OVA mice evoked hyperexcitability in DRG neurons compared to incubation with control supernatant (rheobase: control = 82 ± 10 pA vs WAS/OVA = 56 ± 4 pA, p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, WAS/OVA supernatant decreased the rheobase compared to both OVA mice (OVA = 80 ± 8 pA, p&lt;0.05) and WAS mice (WAS = 81 ± 9 pA, p&lt;0.05). The effect of supernatants from OVA mice and WAS mice did not differ from controls. In a separate series of experiments, the PAR2 antagonist GB83 inhibited the effect of WAS/OVA supernatant (p &lt; 0.01). There was no effect of GB83 on WAS or OVA supernatants. Stress decreased tissue resistance in ileum (p&lt;0.05) but not in colon.

Conclusions
The food antigen ovalbumin induced hyperexcitability in DRG nociceptive neurons only when combined with stress. This action was PAR2 dependent suggesting a role of tissue proteases. Stress may cause a loss of oral tolerance to ovalbumin by increasing mucosal permeability in the small intestine. The interaction of food antigens and stress may be a mechanism of meal induced increase in abdominal pain in IBS.

Funding Agencies
CIHR
A75 ROLE OF LRRK2 IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Rocha J , Sun C , Glogauer M , Philpott D 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Variants of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are associated with an increased susceptibility to Parkinson disease but also Crohn’s disease (CD).

Aims
The present research is designed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role of LRRK2 in immune system modulation, and how dysfunction of this pathway may lead to the development of CD.

Methods
WT and LRRK2-deficient neutrophil were infected with Gram-positive Bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes-LM) in a gentamicin protection assays and colony-forming unit assessment will determine the competence of LRRK2 deficient cells for bacterial phagocytosis as well as killing capacity). To examine how LRRK2 is involved in the generation of ROS during the respiratory burst, we will first examine if neutrophil from LRRK2-KO mice have altered ROS generation upon infection with LM and addition of PMA. We evaluate in vitro the ability of neutrophils from LRRK2-KO versus WT mice to transmigrate in vitro in a transwell assay using fMLP as a chemattractant. Also, we investigate the peritoneal cells (by FACS analysis) after injection of different microbial stimuli including FK105 (NOD1 ligand), MDP (NOD2 ligand) and LPS (TLR4 ligand) and anti-cd3 model of ielitis.

Results
We found that LRRK2 KO mice have a defect in migration of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity after injection of different microbial stimuli including FK10565 (NOD1 ligand), MDP (NOD2 ligand) and LPS (TLR4 ligand). Neutrophils from LRRK2 mice were compromised in their ability to transmigrate in vitro in a transwell assay using fMLP as a chemoattractant. Chemotaxis was also compromised. In parallel, we designed experiments to examine reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in response to infection of myeloid cells with bacteria. Neutrophils from LRRK2 KO mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes were less able to restrict bacteria growth compared to WT cells. Consistent with these findings, cells from LRRK2 KO mice produced lower levels of ROS following bacterial infection. In order to determine whether myeloid cell migration is compromised in vivo during inflammation, we performed experiments in WT and KO mice looking at different models of ileitis/colitis.

Conclusions
With this work we will further characterize the role of LRRK2 in intestinal homeostasis and mucosal barrier maintenance, including how its deficiency may predispose an individual to developing CD.

Funding Agencies
CAG, CIHR
A Prospective Study on Cognitive Impairment in Middle-aged Adults With Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease
Authors: Longarini Gabriela , Richly Pablo , Temprano M. de la Paz , Costa Ana F. , Vázquez Horacio , Moreno María L. , Niveloni Sonia , López Pablo , Smecuol Edgardo , Mazure Roberto , González Andrea , Mauriño Eduardo , Bai Julio C. 
Published: March 2018

Aims:
Our objectives were to: (1) determine whether celiac disease (CD) patients have cognitive impairment at diagnosis; and (2) compare their cognitive performance with nonceliac subjects who have similar chronic symptoms and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty adults (age range: 18 to 50 y) with symptoms and signs compatible with CD were enrolled in a prospective cohort irrespective of the final diagnosis. At baseline, all individuals underwent cognitive functional and psychological evaluation. CD patients were compared with subjects in whom CD was ruled out and with healthy controls matched by sex, age, and years of schooling.

Results:
Thirty-three subjects (66%) were diagnosed with CD. Compared with the healthy controls (n=26), CD cases and disease controls (n=17; mostly irritable bowel syndrome) had impaired cognitive performance (P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively), functional impairment (P<0.01), and higher depression (P<0.01). CD patients had similar cognitive performance and anxiety, but nonsignificant lower depression scores compared with disease controls.

Conclusions:
Abnormal cognitive functions detected in newly diagnosed CD adult patients seem not to be disease specific. Our results suggest that cognitive dysfunction could be related to the presence of prolonged symptoms due to a chronic disease.
Perforating Brain Injury By a Rusty Steel Bar
Authors: Pandey Sajan , Li Lei , Cui Da Ming , Wang Ke , Gao Liang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A perforating head injury is a type of an injury wherein the projectile passes entirely through the cranium leaving both entrance and exit wounds. It is considered less prevalent than other kinds of head trauma such as closed or penetrating head injuries carry a worse prognosis among other varieties of head injuries. Having unique mechanism and pathophysiology it is considered a significant challenge for the practicing neurosurgeon mandating high precaution and novel approach to minimize further damage. Here, we presented a case of a 5-year-old boy who suffered from perforating brain injury by a fallen rusty steel bar.
The Specific Morphological Features of Alveolar Bone
Authors: Zhou Siru , Yang Yiling , Ha Nayoung , Zhang Peng , Ma Xuhui , Gong Xinyi , Hong Yueyang , Yang Xiao , Yang Shuliang , Dai Qinggang , Jiang Lingyong 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
The aim of the study was to study the specific morphological features of alveolar bone and compare it to femoral bone in rats.

Methods:
Twelve 3-month-old nonpregnant female Sprague–Dawley rats were used in the present study. The left maxillae and femurs of 6 rats were used for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning. The trabecular bone of the distal femur and the interradicular alveolar bone of the maxillary first molar were reconstructed and analyzed. Another 6 rats were used for histological analysis of trabecular bone and alveolar bone.

Results:
Micro-CT analysis suggested that the femoral trabecular bone was porous with rod-like trabeculae with a scattered distribution in bone marrow, whereas alveolar bone showed a compact structure with plate-like trabeculae and limited bone marrow. Tissue mineral density, bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular thickness were dramatically higher in the alveolar bone compared with that in the trabecular bone. Alveolar bone displayed lower trabecular number and trabecular separation. Histomorphometric analysis showed that alveolar bone was formed of compact bone with wide trabeculae, whereas femurs were composed of loose bone with finer trabeculae.

Conclusions:
In comparison to the spongiosa of the distal femur, alveolar bone displays specific morphological features with compact, wide, and highly mineralized trabeculae.
Reconstruction of Thin and Pliable Oral Mucosa After Wide Excision of Oral Cancer Using a Trimmed Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap as an Adipofascial Flap
Authors: Kim Dong-Young , Alfadil Lina Omar , Ahn Kang-Min , Lee Jee-Ho 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A 21-year-old female patient underwent wide excision of the buccal mucosa and tongue as well as selective neck dissection due to squamous cell carcinoma on the left side of the tongue. She had a severe limitation in opening her mouth, owing to fibrosis of the mucosa and scar contracture after adjuvant radiation therapy. Reconstruction of the oral mucosa and tongue defect was performed after removal of the scar to improve mouth opening. An anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap was used, trimmed to an adipofascial flap for the reconstruction of the thin and pliable oral mucosa and tongue. The maximum mouth opening improved to 40 mm intraoperatively and was 30 mm after surgery. The adipofascial ALT flap had excellent viability and presented neomucosa after secondary healing. An adipofascial flap obtained by trimming an ALT flap could be a reliable option for the reconstruction of thin and pliable oral mucosa after wide excision of oral cancer.
Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation Reduces the M2 Phenotype of Alveolar Macrophages: A Potential Mechanism Contributing to Increased LPS-Induced Lung Injury
Authors: Safavian Dana , Leung Chung Ho , Kapus Andras , Ailenberg Menachem , Szaszi Katalin , Shani Ravi , Di Ciano-Oliveira Caterina , Ghazarian Magar , Rotstein Ori 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Major hemorrhage is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality resulting from traumatic injury. In addition to its role in in early mortality, hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation (HS/R) is known to initiate immunological events that contribute to the development of organ dysfunction. The pathogenesis of acute lung injury following HS/R involves macrophage activation. Recent studies have shown that macrophage function may in part be regulated by polarization toward classical M1 pro-inflammatory cells or alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2 cells. We hypothesized that alteration in the M1/M2 phenotypic balance of alveolar macrophages in the lung may contribute to a pro-inflammatory state following HS/R. Using a murine model, we show that HS/R causes a rapid reduction in surface cluster of differentiation (CD)206 and CD36, markers of M2 cells, as well as in CD206 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). M1 markers including surface CD80 and tumour necrosis factor alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA were increased, albeit in a somewhat delayed time course. The prostaglandin 5-deoxyDelta12,14 prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), known to polarize cells toward M2, restored levels of M2 macrophages toward control and prevented lung injury, as assessed by bronchoalveolar protein content. Adoptive cell transfer of in vitro M2 polarized macrophages also reduced lung inflammation/injury following hemorrhagic shock. Together, these studies demonstrate that HS/R increases M1/M2 ratio, predominantly by lowering M2 cells, and thus enhances the proinflammatory state. Various strategies aimed at promoting M2 polarization may lessen the magnitude of inflammation and injury. This represents a novel approach to the prevention/treatment of lung injury in critically ill trauma patients.
Virtual ChIP-seq: predicting transcription factor binding by learning from the transcriptome
Authors: Karimzadeh Mehran , Hoffman Michael M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMotivationIdentifying transcription factor binding sites is the first step in pinpointing non-coding mutations that disrupt the regulatory function of transcription factors and promote disease. ChIP-seq is the most common method for identifying binding sites, but performing it on patient samples is hampered by the amount of available biological material and the cost of the experiment. Existing methods for computational prediction of regulatory elements primarily predict binding in genomic regions with sequence similarity to known transcription factor sequence preferences. This has limited efficacy since most binding sites do not resemble known transcription factor sequence motifs, and many transcription factors are not even sequence-specific.ResultsWe developed Virtual ChIP-seq, which predicts binding of individual transcription factors in new cell types using an artificial neural network that integrates ChIP-seq results from other cell types and chromatin accessibility data in the new cell type. Virtual ChIP-seq also uses learned associations between gene expression and transcription factor binding at specific genomic regions. This approach outperforms methods that predict TF binding solely based on sequence preference, pre-dicting binding for 36 transcription factors (Matthews correlation coefficient > 0.3).AvailabilityThe datasets we used for training and validation are available athttps://virchip.hoffmanlab.org. We have deposited in Zenodo the current version of our software (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1066928), datasets (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.823297), predictions for 36 transcription factors on Roadmap Epigenomics cell types (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1455759), and predictions in Cistrome as well as ENCODE-DREAMin vivoTF Binding Site Prediction Challenge (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1209308).
Morphology of Mitochondria in Spatially Restricted Axons Revealed by Cryo-Electron Tomography
Authors: Fischer Tara D. , Dash Pramod K. , Liu Jun , Waxham M. Neal 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNeurons project axons to local and distal sites and can display heterogeneous morphologies with limited physical dimensions that may influence the structure of large organelles such as mitochondria. Using cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), we characterized native environments within axons and presynaptic varicosities to examine whether spatial restrictions within these compartments influence the morphology of mitochondria. Segmented tomographic reconstructions revealed distinctive morphological characteristics of mitochondria residing at the narrowed boundary between presynaptic varicosities and axons with limited physical dimensions (~80 nm), compared to mitochondria in non-spatially restricted environments. Furthermore, segmentation of the tomograms revealed discrete organizations between the inner and outer membranes, suggesting possible independent remodeling of each membrane in mitochondria at spatially restricted axonal/varicosity boundaries. Thus, cryo-ET of mitochondria within axonal subcompartments reveals that spatial restrictions do not obstruct mitochondria from residing within them but limited available space can influence their gross morphology and the organization of the inner and outer membranes. These findings offer new perspectives on the influence of physical and spatial characteristics of cellular environments on mitochondrial morphology and highlights the potential for remarkable structural plasticity of mitochondria to adapt to spatial restrictions within axons.