bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konstruktivistické teorie učení a jejich využití v edukační realitě muzea
Authors: Kolaříková Veronika 
Published: December 2018

Edukace je součástí nejen školního prostředí, ale i dalších institucí, mezi které se dnes výraznou měrou řadí muzea. Ta mohou edukovat a kultivovat své návštěvníky, přičemž vhodným ukotvením muzejně edukačních aktivit se zdají být konstruktivistické teorie učení. Ty vycházejí z konstruktivistického paradigmatu sociálních věd i myšlenek klasiků, jako je např. Dewey. Představení konstruktivistických teorií učení, jejich ukotvení v konstruktivistickém paradigmatu i jejich následná aplikace do prostředí muzea tvoří klíčovou osu i téma předkládané studie. Hlavním cílem studie ale není pouze představit konstruktivisticky orientovanou muzejní edukaci, ale především vymezit a definovat základní prvky konstruktivistických teorií učení, které mohou být využitelné (nejen) pro muzejně-edukační realitu, její praxi i následnou evaluaci.
The American Academic Profession at Risk
Authors: Finkelstein Martin J. 
Published: December 2018

The Faculty Factor (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016) creatively mines fresh—and heretofore unavailable—data sources to follow the fortunes of the American faculty through the lingering Great Global Recession of 2008. Building on The American Faculty (Johns Hopkins, 2006), Finkelstein and Schuster, now joined by Valerie Martin Conley, document the emergence of a “new” model of academic work and careers in the United States built on an increasingly contingent, stratified academic workforce; the unbundling of the traditionally integrated role into specialist teaching, research and administrative roles, and the progressive yielding of faculty authority on campus, even in academic matters, to a growing core of full-time professional administrators. This volume includes two chapters that explicitly place the U.S. faculty in international perspective.
Better Informing the Market? The Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF)
Authors: Shattock Michael 
Published: December 2018

The current British policy toward higher education emphasizes that market forces and competition represent key factors in raising quality. Intense competition already exists in research through the Research Excellence Framework (REF) but this, it is argued, has led to a diversion of interest away from teaching. The REF is therefore to be paralleled by a Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF), which will better inform the student market. The TEF, the first results of which were announced in June, is metrics based and categorizes teaching as qualifying for a Gold, Silver, or Bronze award. The metrics have been heavily criticized. The article describes the metrics involved and the reactions to the first round of TEF awards.
Reenvisioning Welsh Postcompulsory Education
Authors: Hazelkorn Ellen 
Published: December 2018

In 2015, the Welsh government commissioned a review of its postcompulsory education system. Recommendations included the creation of a single regulatory, oversight, and coordinating authority bringing together further, higher, and adult learning. By its swift endorsement of the report’s principles and recommendations, the Welsh government conspicuously diverged from the market–demand drivenapproach adopted by the UK government for England.
Combating Academic Corruption: Quality Assurance and Accreditation
Authors: Eaton Judith S. 
Published: December 2018

The role of quality assurance and accrediting bodies in advancing academic integrity has long been clear. Increasingly, however, these bodies are also expected to focus on the challenging issue of academic corruption – practices such as plagiarism, fraudulent credentials, bribery – and how to end them. This article explores additional tools that quality assurance and accreditation may need to combat corruption, beyond advancing academic integrity.
Income-Contingent Loans: Not a Miracle Solution
Authors: De Gayardon Ariane 
Published: December 2018

With the rising costs of higher education, an increasing share of which is borne by students and their families, governments have had to design student loans schemes to open higher education to all. A popular option among economists is income-contingent loans, where repayment is calculated as a share of the borrower’s income to avoid high repayment burden. However, the three flagship countries forincome-contingent loans—Australia, England, and New Zealand—are all currently experiencing financing issues. This raises the question of defining the correct specification of income-contingent loans schemes, as well as finding the proper balance between different financial aid policies.
International Branch Campuses: Success Factors
Authors: Garrett Richard 
Published: December 2018

The article provides an overview of the second part of a report on international branch campuses (IBCs). The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education (OBHE) and the Cross-Border Education Research Team (C-BERT) are the authors of the report. IBCs continue to grow in number and variety around the world, and the report includes updated estimates and patterns by country, but previously there has been limited attention paid to the success factors of mature IBCs. Defined as campuses in place for a decade or more, the report draws on in-depth interviews with campus and institutional leaders.
The New National Rankings in India
Authors: Varghese N.V. 
Published: December 2018

India started ranking its higher education institutions in 2015. Although a major share of higher education institutions in India are private, public institutions dominate the ranking list. The ranking exercise is not a substitute to improve the overall quality of the system, since a large majority of higher education institutions in India do not participate in the exercise. India needs to adopt more effective strategies to improve the overall quality of higher education, by focusing on research and teaching–learning processes at the institutional level.
“Super-Short-Term” Study Abroad in Japan: A Dramatic Increase
Authors: Shimmi Yukiko , Ota Hiroshi 
Published: December 2018

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase of Japanese students participating in “super-short-term” study-abroad programs, lasting from one week up to one month. This reflects a growing global trend among college students, especially in developed countries. This article discusses the background of this trend in Japan as well as emerging challenges.
Pathway Colleges: A New Institutional Form in Canada
Authors: McCartney Dale M. , Scott Metcalfe Amy 
Published: December 2018

Canada’s public universities seeking to increase their international student recruitment are building pathways that allow students who lack the academic or language credentials needed for direct entry to the university to upgrade their skills and eventually matriculate to the larger institution. These pathway collegesare a new institutional form in Canada, but as yet they have received almost no attention from scholars. This paper offers a brief typology of these emerging institutions and offers some suggestions for future research.
University Autonomy and Accountability in Russian Higher Education
Authors: Volkov Andrei , Melnyk Dara 
Published: December 2018

Historically, the Russian State has had a tumultuous relationship with institutional independence. For the country to become again an academic superpower, it is necessary to expand university autonomy to enable independent strategic thinking on the leadership’s part and ensure that universities are accountable to their stakeholders. This article considers the broad issues of university autonomy and accountability in Russia from historical and contemporary perspectives.
Effect of Different Insole Materials on Kinetic and Kinematic Variables of the Walking Gait in Healthy People
Authors: Özmanevra Ramadan , Angin Salih , Günal İzge H. , Elvan Ata 
Published: December 2018

Background:There is a lack of data that could address the effects of off-the-shelf insoles on gait variables in healthy people.Methods:Thirty-three healthy volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 35 years were included to this study. Kinematic and kinetic data were obtained in barefoot, shoe-only, steel insole, silicone insole, and polyurethane insole conditions using an optoelectronic three-dimensional motion analysis system. A repeated measures analysis of variance test was used to identify statistically significant differences between insole conditions. The alpha level was set at P &lt; .05Results:Maximum knee flexion was higher in the steel insole condition (P &lt; .0001) compared with the silicone insole (P = .001) and shoe-only conditions (P = .032). Reduced maximum knee flexion was recorded in the polyurethane insole condition compared with the shoe-only condition (P = .031). Maximum knee flexion measured in the steel insole condition was higher compared to the barefoot condition (P = .020). Higher maximum ankle dorsiflexion was observed in the barefoot condition, and there were significant differences between the polyurethane insole (P &lt; .0001), silicone insole (P = .001), steel insole (P = .002), and shoe conditions (P = .004). Least and highest maximum ankle plantarflexion were detected in the steel insole and silicone insole conditions, respectively. Maximum ankle plantarflexion in the barefoot and steel insole conditions (P = .014) and the barefoot and polyurethane insole conditions (P = .035) were significant. There was no significant difference between conditions for ground reaction force or joint moments.Conclusions:Insoles made by different materials affect maximum knee flexion, maximum ankle dorsiflexion, and maximum ankle plantarflexion. This may be helpful during the decision-making process when selecting the insole material for any pathological conditions that require insole prescription.
Comparative Study Between the Different Techniques of Molding and the Morphology of the Foot in Weightbearing
Authors: Márquez María José Manfredi , Vidalón Priscila Távara , Hurtado Nuria Lara , Ramos-Ortega Javier 
Published: December 2018

Background:Taking a mold of the foot is an important advance for podiatric medicine and an indispensable procedure for the individualization of orthopedic treatments. We sought to determine which method of measuring molds (plaster cast in weightbearing and nonweightbearing and phenolic foam in weightbearing) reproduces with more reliability the expansion of the foot in weightbearing by comparing the widths of the forefoot and hindfoot in the different methods and in barefoot weightbearing.Methods:In 54 patients, we studied the differences in width between the forefoot and hindfoot in barefoot weightbearing compared with in the different mold obtainment techniques. A descriptive, observational, and transversal study was performed in which foot molds were obtained with the different techniques, without corrective maneuvers, followed by scanning of each as well as barefoot weightbearing.Results:Significant differences among the techniques were shown, with phenolic foam being more similar to barefoot weightbearing in forefoot and hindfoot width.Conclusions:The method that reproduces the expansion of the foot in weightbearing with more reliability is phenolic foam. The forefoot width is superior in barefoot weightbearing versus the three foot casts studied. The hindfoot width is superior in the foot cast with plaster in weightbearing compared with barefoot weightbearing and the other two foot casts.
DIGITAL DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION: PARADOX or CONCEPTUAL DISTORTION?
Authors: Rodrigues Leonel Cezar , Riscarolli Valeria , Jesus Marco Antônio Sampaio de , Zucco Fabricia Durieux 
Published: December 2018

Cultures that incorporate new knowledge produced elsewhere in the industrial or academic environment need rethink the basic elements of knowledge they incorporate, or else they may incur huge conceptual distortions or even superficial absorption, without intrinsic value. This seems to be the case of concept on disruptive innovation. It’s conceptual purposes seem to be distorted as disruptive innovation spreads through academia and industry. The main objective of this research is to identify the conceptual premises of disruptive innovation in selected cases of digital disruptive innovation, to characterize an epistemology meaning to it. The methodology is quantitative. We used the CAPES journal base and Publish or Perish, evaluating the articles and performing a textual scan with the Iramuteq software. The main results indicated that there are two clusters of concepts of disruptive innovation, one from the context of established companies and another from the context of new companies, originated as result of digital transformations. Conclusions lead to same conceptual logic in both concepts. However, conceptual logic based on events of established companies, is epistemologically more dogmatic than the one that considers disruptive innovation in the context of digital companies, which is more typically perspectivist.
Intoxicated eyewitnesses: The effect of a fully balanced placebo design on event memory and metacognitive control
Authors: Gawrylowicz Julie , Scoboria Alan , Teodorini Rachel , Albery Ian P. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryFew studies have examined the impact of alcohol on metacognition for witnessed events. We used a 2 × 2 balanced placebo design, where mock witnesses expected and drank alcohol, did not expect but drank alcohol, did not expect nor drank alcohol, or expected but did not drink alcohol. Participants watched a mock crime in a bar‐lab, followed by free recall and a cued‐recall test with or without the option to reply “don't know” (DK). Intoxicated mock witnesses' free recall was less complete but not less accurate. During cued‐recall, alcohol led to lower accuracy, and reverse placebo participants gave more erroneous and fewer correct responses. Permitting and clarifying DK responses was associated with fewer errors and more correct responses for sober individuals; and intoxicated witnesses were less likely to opt out of erroneous responding to unanswerable questions. Our findings highlight the practical and theoretical importance of examining pharmacological effects of alcohol and expectancies in real‐life settings.
Magnetic Nanomaterials for Advanced Regenerative Medicine: The Promise and Challenges
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Li , Chen Shizhu , Zhang Huan , Zhou Jin , Fan Hai‐Ming , Liang Xing‐Jie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe recent emergence of numerous nanotechnologies is expected to facilitate the development of regenerative medicine, which is a tissue regeneration technique based on the replacement/repair of diseased tissue or organs to restore the function of lost, damaged, and aging cells in the human body. In particular, the unique magnetic properties and specific dimensions of magnetic nanomaterials make them promising innovative components capable of significantly advancing the field of tissue regeneration. Their potential applications in tissue regeneration are the focus here, beginning with the fundamentals of magnetic nanomaterials. How nanomaterials—both those that are intrinsically magnetic and those that respond to an externally applied magnetic field—can enhance the efficiency of tissue regeneration is also described. Applications including magnetically controlled cargo delivery and release, real‐time visualization and tracking of transplanted cells, magnetic regulation of cell proliferation/differentiation, and magnetic activation of targeted ion channels and signal pathways involved in regeneration are highlighted, and comments on the perspectives and challenges in magnetic nanomaterial‐based tissue regeneration are given.
Precise Network Polymerized Ionic Liquids for Low‐Voltage, Dopant‐Free Soft Actuators
Authors: Shen Chengtian , Zhao Qiujie , Evans Christopher M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNext‐generation material applications require electroactive materials for actuation which are light weight, operate at low voltages (<5 V), exhibit cyclability, and are compatible with a range of environments. Here, a class of network polymerized ionic liquid (n‐PIL) actuators is reported, synthesized via a facile step growth polymerization, which not only have comparable actuation strains (≈0.9%) to other state‐of‐the‐art ionic polymer systems at ±3 V, but also exhibit 85% performance preservation after 1000 testing cycles and operate with no additives such as solvent or free ionic liquid. Molecular engineering of the n‐PILs by controlling crosslinking density and linker polarity leads to an order‐of‐magnitude increase in tip displacement which provides insights on future materials development.
Spatially Ordered Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Fibril Nanostructures via Controlled Evaporative Self‐Assembly
Authors: Park Woon Ik , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Jung Jaehan , Hong Suck Won , Lin Zhiqun , Byun Myunghwan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHierarchically structured, gradient concentric rings of regioregular conjugated polymer, rr‐poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (rr‐P3HT) with randomly or directionally crystallized nanofibrils over large areas are obtained by regulating consecutive “stick‐slip” motions of the three‐phase contact line in a confined geometry consisting of an upper curved sphere surface and a lower flat Si substrate (i.e., sphere‐on‐flat geometry), which leads to an axially symmetric capillary‐bridge (bound solution). Self‐organized concentric P3HT ring patterns result from mediating intermolecular interactions between the polymer molecules, and varying the solvent concentration. More interestingly, from the lower solution concentration “shish‐kebab” like morphologies are observed in between adjacent rings. These unusual, directionally crystallized structures are formed spontaneously parallel to the moving direction of the contact line on solvent evaporation. Subsequently, I–V characteristics of the directionally crystallized and randomly distributed P3HT nanofibrils formed across the electrodes are investigated and compared.
In‐Planar‐Electrodes Organic Light‐Emitting Devices for Smart Lighting Applications
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Liu Shihao , Zhang Letian , Xie Wenfa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSmart lighting systems have earned an irreplaceable position in fields such as health care, communication, and garden cultivation. Inorganic light‐emitting diode (LED) illuminant, as a traditional and well‐developed field, is suitable for smart lighting systems and widely researched. However, smart lighting systems with organic light‐emitting device (OLED) illuminant are rare. The key issue is to fabricate an efficient OLED illuminant with tunable spectra and intensity. Here, in‐planar‐electrodes OLEDs (IPE‐OLEDs), which could be a possible solution to OLED illuminant used in smart lighting systems, is presented. By utilizing Mg:Ag thin film to connect two regular OLEDs with novel electron transporting layer, efficient and easy‐to‐fabricate IPE‐OLEDs with high brightness and low voltage are achieved. The working mechanism of the IPE‐OLEDs is discussed. The IPE‐OLEDs can be easily driven with alternating current signals to independently address each emissive sub‐cell. Thus, the OLED illuminant based on IPE‐OLEDs enables adjustment of color temperature and intensity. To exhibit the features of the fabricated IPE‐OLEDs further, a simple but effective smart lighting system containing IPE‐OLEDs and gas detector is constructed, which could be used in the mining industry.
Atomic Sn4+ Decorated into Vanadium Carbide MXene Interlayers for Superior Lithium Storage
Authors: Wang Changda , Chen Shuangming , Xie Hui , Wei Shiqiang , Wu Chuanqiang , Song Li 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIon intercalation is an important way to improve the energy storage performance of 2D materials. The dynamic energy storage process in such layered intercalations is important but still a challenge mainly due to the lack of effective operando methods. Herein, a unique atomic Sn4+–decorated vanadium carbide (V2C) MXene not only exhibiting highly enhanced lithium‐ion battery (LIB) performance, but also possessing outstanding rate and cyclic stability because of the expanded interlayer space and the formation of VOSn bonding is demonstrated. In combination with ex situ tests, an operando X‐ray absorption fine structure measurement is developed to explore the dynamic mechanism of V2C@Sn MXene electrodes in LIBs. The results clearly reveal the valence changes of vanadium (V), tin (Sn), and positive contribution of oxygen (O) atoms during the charging/discharging process, confirming their contribution for lithium storage capacity. The stability of intercalated MXene electrode is further in situ studied to prove the key role of VOSn bonding.
Isolation and identification of respiratory tract and intestinal microflora of Meriones meridianus in a conventional animal facility
Authors: Xu Yimei , Shi Shen , Yan Huakui , Xu Xiaohui , Yuan Jiangling , Liao Lifu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundCulturable bacterial species from the respiratory tract and ileocecal junction of Meriones meridianus (midday gerbils) captured in the Xinjiang Luntai area were isolated and identified to confirm the microflora and develop approaches for biological purification of laboratory animals and relevant microbial precautions.MethodsBacteria from respiratory tracts and ileocecal junctions of 30 wild M. meridianus were harvested and isolated by inoculation into culture media. Isolated strains were confirmed by mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsThirty‐nine bacterial species from 20 families and 27 genera were identified and isolated from wild M. meridianus. Typical bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the most common microflora were Vibrio, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.ConclusionWild M. meridianus carries multiple bacteria, most of which are pathogenic or conditional pathogens. This study provides a basis for the development of animal models and laboratory animals from wild M. meridianus.
A Pretreatment‐Free, Polymer‐Based Platform Prepared by Molecular Imprinting and Post‐Imprinting Modifications for Sensing Intact Exosomes
Authors: Mori Kisho , Hirase Mitsuhiro , Morishige Takahiro , Takano Eri , Sunayama Hirobumi , Kitayama Yukiya , Inubushi Sachiko , Sasaki Ryohei , Yashiro Masakazu , Takeuchi Toshifumi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExosomes are small (30–100 nm) membrane vesicles that serve as regulatory agents for intercellular communication in cancers. Currently, exosomes are detected by immuno‐based assays with appropriate pretreatments like ultracentrifugation and are time consuming (>12 h). We present a novel pretreatment‐free fluorescence‐based sensing platform for intact exosomes, wherein exchangeable antibodies and fluorescent reporter molecules were aligned inside exosome‐binding cavities. Such antibody‐containing fluorescent reporter‐grafted nanocavities were prepared on a substrate by well‐designed molecular imprinting and post‐imprinting modifications to introduce antibodies and fluorescent reporter molecules only inside the binding nanocavities, enabling sufficiently high sensitivity to detect intact exosomes without pretreatment. The effectiveness of the system was demonstrated by using it to discriminate between normal exosomes and those originating from prostate cancer and analyze exosomes in tear drops.