bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypericum perforatum (ethanolic extract) ameliorates simulated hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress and neuronal damage in brains of Balb/c mice
Authors: Gautam Amardeep , Tabassum Rizwana , Katyal Anju 
Published: March 2018

Background: Hypobaric hypoxia refers to lower oxygen availability at high altitudes and is the cause of high altitude illness. Drugs such as acetazolamide and dexamethasone provide symptomatic relief and are associated with undesired side effects. Plant extracts such as Hypericum perforatum, which are documented to have neuromodulatory role can be more beneficial in ameliorating high altitude illness. Aims and Objective: Progressive cognitive decline is the hallmark characteristic of hypobaric hypoxia induced neuropathology attributed to ensuing oxidative stress and subsequent hippocampal damage. We have explored the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Hypericum perforatum in amelioration of hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress and associated behavioral deficits in mice.Material and Methods: Male Balb/c mice were exposed to simulated altitude of 25,000 ft. for 7 days (6 hr. per day) in a specially designed chamber. Ethanolic extract of Hypericum perforatum (HPE)(25mg/kg of body weight) was given orally prior to hypoxia exposure and effects were compared to hypoxia and control groups.Results: Animals exposed to hypobaric hypoxia showed sign of cognitive deterioration at day 3 and day 7 in the Elevated Plus Maze and Passive Avoidance Step through behavioral paradigms as compare to normoxic animals. Administration of HPE was able to alleviate the amnesic effect in treatment group, indicated by reduction in transfer latencies at day 3(IR-3 = -0.66±0.07) and day 7 IR-7 = -0.81±0.06) in elevated plus maze task and increased passive avoidance step through latency at day 3, (IR-3 = 3.23±0.67),as compared to ±hypoxic mice. Hypoxia group of animals suffered significant oxidative stress compared to normoxic mice as indicated by up-regulated malondialdehyde and total nitrite levels in hippocampal homogenates. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity was also increased following hypoxia indicating tissue damage. Co-treatment with HPE in simulated hypobaric hypoxia insult for seven days resulted in significant reduction in malondialdehyde, total nitrites and plasma LDH levels in animals.Conclusion: Hypericum perforatum extract improves cognitive performance in hypobaric hypoxia exposed mice with a concomitant reduction in oxidative stress burden suggesting its plausible use for preventing high altitude illness.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(2) 2018 1-8
Facial nerve outcome and extent of resection in cystic versus solid vestibular schwannomas in radiosurgery era
Authors: Eser Ocak Pinar , Dogan Ihsan , Ocak Umut , Dinc Cem , Başkaya Mustafa K. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVECystic vestibular schwannomas (CVSs) are a subgroup of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) that are reported to be associated with unpredictable clinical behavior and unfavorable postoperative outcomes. The authors aimed to review their experience with microsurgical treatment of CVSs in terms of extent of resection and postoperative facial nerve (FN) function and compare these outcomes with those of their solid counterparts.METHODSTwo hundred-eleven VS patients were treated surgically between 2006 and 2017. Tumors were defined as cystic when preoperative neuroimaging demonstrated cyst formation that was confirmed by intraoperative findings. Solid VS (SVSs) with similar classes were used for comparison. Clinical data of the patients were reviewed retrospectively, including clinical notes and images, as well as operative, pathology, and neuroradiology reports.RESULTSThirty-two patients (20 males and 12 females) with a mean age of 52.2 years (range 17–77 years) underwent microsurgical resection of 33 CVSs (mean size 3.6 cm, range 1.5–5 cm). Forty-nine patients (26 males and 23 females) with a mean age of 49.9 years (range 21–75 years) underwent microsurgical resection of 49 SVSs (mean size 3 cm, range 2–4.5 cm). All operations were performed via either a retrosigmoid or a translabyrinthine approach. Gross-total resection was achieved in 30 cases in the CVS group (90.9%) and 37 in the SVS group (75.5%). The main reason for subtotal and near-total resection was adherence of the tumor to the brainstem and/or FN in both groups. None of the patients with subtotal or near-total resection in the CVS group demonstrated symptomatic regrowth of the tumor during the mean follow-up period of 41.6 months (range 18–82 months). The FN was anatomically preserved in all patients in both groups. Good FN outcomes were achieved in 15 of CVS (grade I–II; 45.5%) and 35 of SVS (71.4%) surgeries at discharge. Good and fair FN functions were noted in 22 (grade I–II; 81.5%) and 5 (grade III only; 18.5%) of the CVS patients, respectively, at the 1-year follow-up; none of the patients showed poor FN function.CONCLUSIONSSurgery of CVSs does not necessarily result in poor outcomes in terms of the extent of resection and FN function. Special care should be exercised to preserve anatomical continuity of the FN during surgery, since long-term FN function outcomes are much more satisfactory than short-term results. High rates of gross-total resection and good FN outcomes in our study may also suggest that microsurgery stands as the treatment of choice in select cases of large CVSs and SVSs in the era of radiosurgery.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the technique of subtotal resection and stereotactic radiosurgery for large vestibular schwannomas: a “nerve-centered” approach
Authors: Starnoni Daniele , Daniel Roy Thomas , Tuleasca Constantin , George Mercy , Levivier Marc , Messerer Mahmoud 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEDuring the last decade, the primary objective for large vestibular schwannoma (VS) management has progressively shifted, from tumor excision to nerve preservation by using a combined microsurgical and radiosurgical approach. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature regarding the combined strategy of subtotal resection (STR) followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for large VSs.METHODSThe authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines for article identification and inclusion using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Established inclusion criteria were used to screen all identified relevant articles published before September 2017 without backward date limit.RESULTSThe authors included 9 studies (248 patients). With a weighted mean follow-up of 46 months (range 28–68.8 months), the pooled rate of overall tumor control was 93.9% (95% CI 91.0%–96.8%). Salvage treatment (second STR and/or SRS) was necessary in only 13 (5.24%) of 18 patients who experienced initial treatment failure. According to the House-Brackmann (HB) grading scale, functional facial nerve preservation (HB grade I–II) was achieved in 96.1% of patients (95% CI 93.7%–98.5%). Serviceable hearing after the combined approach was preserved in 59.9% (95% CI 36.5%–83.2%).CONCLUSIONSA combined approach of STR followed by SRS was shown to have excellent clinical and functional outcomes while still achieving a tumor control rate comparable to that obtained with a total resection. Longer-term follow-up and larger patient cohorts are necessary to fully evaluate the rate of tumor control achieved with this approach.
Preoperative diffusion tensor imaging–fiber tracking for facial nerve identification in vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review on its evolution and current status with a pooled data analysis of surgical concordance rates
Authors: Savardekar Amey R. , Patra Devi P. , Thakur Jai D. , Narayan Vinayak , Mohammed Nasser , Bollam Papireddy , Nanda Anil 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVETotal tumor excision with the preservation of neurological function and quality of life is the goal of modern-day vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. Postoperative facial nerve (FN) paralysis is a devastating complication of VS surgery. Determining the course of the FN in relation to a VS preoperatively is invaluable to the neurosurgeon and is likely to enhance surgical safety with respect to FN function. Diffusion tensor imaging–fiber tracking (DTI-FT) technology is slowly gaining traction as a viable tool for preoperative FN visualization in patients with VS.METHODSA systematic review of the literature in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and those studies that preoperatively localized the FN in relation to a VS using the DTI-FT technique and verified those preoperative FN tracking results by using microscopic observation and electrophysiological monitoring during microsurgery were included. A pooled analysis of studies was performed to calculate the surgical concordance rate (accuracy) of DTI-FT technology for FN localization.RESULTSFourteen studies included 234 VS patients (male/female ratio 1:1.4, age range 17–75 years) who had undergone preoperative DTI-FT for FN identification. The mean tumor size among the studies ranged from 29 to 41.3 mm. Preoperative DTI-FT could not visualize the FN tract in 8 patients (3.4%) and its findings could not be verified in 3 patients (1.2%), were verified but discordant in 18 patients (7.6%), and were verified and concordant in 205 patients (87.1%).CONCLUSIONSPreoperative DTI-FT for FN identification is a useful adjunct in the surgical planning for large VSs (> 2.5 cm). A pooled analysis showed that DTI-FT successfully identifies the complete FN course in 96.6% of VSs (226 of 234 cases) and that FN identification by DTI-FT is accurate in 90.6% of cases (205 of 226 cases). Larger studies with DTI-FT–integrated neuronavigation are required to look at the direct benefit offered by this specific technique in preserving postoperative FN function.
Does SAE have /flap/? Evidence from Canadian Raising and Vowel Durations
Authors: Dickerson Bethany 
Published: March 2018

In American English, /t/ and /d/ neutralize to flaps intervocalically: write ∼ writer and ride ∼ rider. There also exist words which contain ambiguous surface flaps that do not alternate, for example, the name Ryder. Does the language user treat this flap like an allophone of /t/ or /d/ (as predicted by the Free Ride Principle), or as an independent segment (as predicted by Lexicon Optimization)? To investigate this question, acoustic data from elicited (Experiment 1) and spontaneous (Experiment 2) speech are analyzed. Voiceless consonants cause the vowel preceding them to be shorter and trigger Canadian Raising. Therefore, if language users treat non-alternating flaps as allophones of /t/, the vowel durations and F1 trajectories of the vowels in these two environments will be similar to each other and different from before flapped /d/, and vice versa if language users treat non-alternating flaps as allophones of /d/. If language users treat non-alternating flaps as different than both the flap allophones of /t/ and /d/, vowel durations and F1 will be different in all three environments. Results show that the durations and F1 trajectories of the vowels in the three environments are all different from each other, providing evidence for Lexicon Optimization.
Improved Ultraviolet and Infrared Oscillator Strengths for OH+
Authors: Hodges James N. , Bittner Dror M. , Bernath Peter F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Molecular ions are key reaction intermediates in the interstellar medium. OH+ plays a central role in the formation of more complex chemical species and for estimating the cosmic ray ionization rate in astrophysical environments. Here, we use a recent analysis of a laboratory spectrum in conjunction with ab initio methods to calculate infrared and ultraviolet oscillator strengths. These new oscillator strengths include branch dependent intensity corrections, arising from the Herman–Wallis effect, that have not been included before. We estimate 10% total uncertainty in the UV and 6% total uncertainty in the IR for the oscillator strengths.
Adsorption Energies of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Atoms on the Low-temperature Amorphous Water Ice: A Systematic Estimation from Quantum Chemistry Calculations
Authors: Shimonishi Takashi , Nakatani Naoki , Furuya Kenji , Hama Tetsuya 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We propose a new simple computational model to estimate the adsorption energies of atoms and molecules to low-temperature amorphous water ice, and we present the adsorption energies of carbon (3
P), nitrogen (4
S), and oxygen (3
P) atoms based on quantum chemistry calculations. The adsorption energies were estimated to be 14,100 ± 420 K for carbon, 400 ± 30 K for nitrogen, and 1440 ± 160 K for oxygen. The adsorption energy of oxygen is consistent with experimentally reported values. We found that the binding of a nitrogen atom is purely physisorption, while that of a carbon atom is chemisorption, in which a chemical bond to an O atom of a water molecule is formed. That of an oxygen atom has a dual character, with both physisorption and chemisorption. The chemisorption of atomic carbon also implies the possibility of further chemical reactions to produce molecules bearing a C–O bond, though this may hinder the formation of methane on water ice via sequential hydrogenation of carbon atoms. These properties would have a large impact on the chemical evolution of carbon species in interstellar environments. We also investigated the effects of newly calculated adsorption energies on the chemical compositions of cold dense molecular clouds with the aid of gas-ice astrochemical simulations. We found that abundances of major nitrogen-bearing molecules, such as N2 and NH3, are significantly altered by applying the calculated adsorption energy, because nitrogen atoms can thermally diffuse on surfaces, even at 10 K.
The Spread of Metals into the Low-redshift Intergalactic Medium
Authors: Pratt Cameron T. , Stocke John T. , Keeney Brian A. , Danforth Charles W. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We investigate the association between galaxies and metal-enriched and metal-deficient absorbers in the local universe (z < 0.16) using a large compilation of far-ultraviolet spectra of bright active galactic nuclei targets observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. In this homogeneous sample of 18 O vi detections at

and 18 nondetections at

using

absorbers with

, the maximum distance O vi extends from galaxies of various luminosities is ∼0.6 Mpc, or ∼5 virial radii, confirming and refining earlier results. This is an important value that must be matched by numerical simulations, which input the strength of galactic winds at the sub-grid level. We present evidence that the primary contributors to the spread of metals into the circum- and intergalactic media are sub-L* galaxies (

). The maximum distances that metals are transported from these galaxies is comparable to, or less than, the size of a group of galaxies. These results suggest that, where groups are present, the metals produced by the group galaxies do not leave the group. Since many O vi nondetections in our sample occur at comparably close impact parameters as those of the metal-bearing absorbers, some more pristine intergalactic material appears to be accreting onto groups where it can mix with metal-bearing clouds.
Anticarcinogenic effect of alpha-lipoic acid and <i>Jatropha gossypifolia</i> leaves against cypermethrin-induced genotoxicity in rats
Authors: Faokunla Opeyemi O. , Akinloye Oluseyi A. , Ugbaja Regina N. , Adeogun Abideen I. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Cypermethrin (Cyp), a synthetic pyrethroid developed for agricultural and public health applications, has become harmful to the environment and mammalian life owing to indiscriminate use.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia leaves against Cyp-induced genotoxicity in rats using alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) as standard drug.Method: Fifty-six male Wistar rats, assigned to eight groups of seven animals each, were treated orally for 28 days as follows - Group 1: only corn oil (Control); Group 2: 20 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of Cyp; Groups 3, 4 and 5: Cyp + 50 mg/kg b.wt of J. gossypifolia, Cyp + 100 mg/kg b.wt of J. gossypifolia and Cyp + 50 mg/kg b.wt of α-LA, respectively; Groups 6, 7 and 8: J. gossypifolia (50 mg/kg b.wt), J. gossypifolia (100 mg/kg b.wt) and α-LA (50 mg/kg b.wt), respectively. The P53 was assayed for using the plasma, while the micronucleus assay was carried out on the bone marrow.Results: Results showed that exposure to Cyp significantly increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (86.70%) as well as p53 concentration in both the liver and plasma (200.00% and 125.53%) compared to the control. Co-administration with methanolic extract of J. gossypifolia leaves significantly reversed these alterations in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The methanolic extract of J. gossypifolia leaves has the potential to ameliorate Cyp-induced genotoxicity in rats, and also, the toxicological evaluations of the plant extract and α-LA showed that it is relatively safe for use at the doses investigated.
Global sourcing risk management approaches: A study of small clothing and textile retailers in Gauteng
Authors: Niemann Wesley , Kotzé Theuns , Mannya Karabo 
Published: March 2018

Background: Global sourcing has increased as buyers searched for new markets that offered better pricing, quality, variety and delivery lead times than their local markets. However, the increase in global sourcing has also exposed businesses to many supply risks.Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore the global sourcing supply risks encountered by small clothing and textile retailers in Gauteng and to determine what supply risk identification and management approaches they utilise.Method: This study utilised semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 small clothing and textile retail owners.Results: The study found that the three major supply risks encountered by these retailers were fluctuating exchange rates, communication barriers and costly and complicated logistics, which included high customs costs. Furthermore, although aware of the supply risks, none of the small clothing and textile retailers had formal identification and management approaches in place. Instead, risks are dealt with at the sole discretion of the owner as and when they occur. The study also found that informal identification and management approaches were being applied by some of the retailers. These included factoring exchange rate fluctuations into the profit margins and using translators to combat communication barriers.Contribution: The study is one of the first empirical studies conducted on global supply risks and the associated identification and management approaches in the South African small business context, specifically focused on clothing and textile retailers.Conclusion: Small clothing and textile retailers need to proactively identify and manage global sourcing risk using the identified approaches in order to reduce and mitigate potential supply disruptions.
Pathways to Care in Patients approaching Community Mental Health Satellite Clinics in North India
Authors: Singh Shubh M , Kumar Eish , Saroj Rajoo , Satapathy Ashirbad , Nanjayya Subodh B , Sharma Akhilesh 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Research into pathway to care (PC) in mental health in India has focussed on severe mental illness in mental hospitals.

Aim
To assess PC in a cohort of health care seeking subjects from a predominantly rural background approaching weekly community mental health satellite clinics in three towns in North India.

Materials and methods
104 consecutive patients over a period of 6 months were included in the study. PC was assessed using a validated instrument.

Results
A majority of the participants were diagnosed with common mental disorders (CMD). The mean duration of symptoms was 22.97 months and the mean number of treatment contacts was 1.11. Primary care physicians were the most common initial point of contact rather than native/religious healers.

Conclusion
In a CMD predominant treatment seeking population in a rural community where affordable mental health care and primary health care is available, there is high acceptability and utilization of such services.

Clinical significance
Community psychiatry services should ideally be situated alongside primary health care services

How to cite this article
Singh SM, Kumar E, Saroj R, Satapathy A, Nanjayya SB, Sharma A. Pathways to Care in Patients approaching Community Mental Health Satellite Clinics in North India. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2018;52(1):12-15.
Efficacy of Single-dose Intra-articular Injection of High-molecular-weight Hyaluronic Acid in Patients suffering from Primary Osteoarthritis of Knee
Authors: Romi Singh N , Yengkhom Jotin S , Chongreilen Chiru MS , Thakur Kaustav B , Debnath Utpalendu 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
To find the effectiveness of single-dose intra-articular (IA) injection of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) in patients suffering from primary osteoarthritis (OA) of knee.

Study design
A randomized control trial.

Duration of the study
One-and-a-half years, commencing from October 2014.

Settings
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) Department, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, India.

Study population
All patients suffering from OA knee, who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for classification of idiopathic OA knee and attending the department during the study period.

Materials and methods
Sixty-five patients were randomized to receive either visco-supplementation with single-dose IA injection of HMWHA (study group) or methylprednisolone (control group) and follow-up was done at 1, 3, and 6 months. Outcome measures were done with Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.

Results
Both the groups showed significant improvement in both WOMAC and VAS pain score at the end of 3 months. But at the end of 6 months, improvement in terms of WOMAC (p = 0.09) and VAS pain (p = 0.07) scores in control group was not significant, whereas the study group maintained statistically significant improvement.

Conclusion
A single dose of IA HMWHA is effective in reducing pain and disability in patients with primary OA of knee.

How to cite this article
Yengkhom JS, Nongmaithem RS, Chiru MSC, Thakur KB, Debnath U. Efficacy of Single-dose Intra-articular Injection of High-molecular-weight Hyaluronic Acid in Patients suffering from Primary Osteoarthritis of Knee. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(3):89-94.