bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive evaluation of context dependence of the prognostic impact of MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma: A report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) project
Authors: Campbell Kevin , Shyr Derek , Bagatell Rochelle , Fischer Matthias , Nakagawara Akira , Nieto Adela Canete , Brodeur Garrett M. , Matthay Katherine K. , London Wendy B. , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMYCN amplification (MYCN‐A) is an established adverse prognostic factor in neuroblastoma. The extent to which the prognostic impact of MYCN‐A depends on other factors has not been fully characterized.Patients and methodsUsing the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group database, we constructed Cox models of overall survival (OS) to obtain hazard ratios of the effect of MYCN‐A within subgroups defined by other prognostic factors. Cox models assessed the degree to which the prognostic impact of MYCN‐A was modulated by each other covariate. We used absolute hazard ratio (HR) differences to construct classification trees to identify subgroups with greatest differential prognostic effect of MYCN‐A.ResultsIn a cohort of 6223 patients with known MYCN status, the OS hazard ratio associated with MYCN‐A was 6.3 (95% confidence interval 5.7‐7.0, P < .001). Age at diagnosis conferred the largest HR absolute difference for MYCN‐A between subgroups (HR absolute difference 16.6; HRs for MYCN‐A of 19.6 for <18 months, 3.0 for ≥18 months). MYCN‐A remained significantly prognostic of OS after controlling for other factors, abrogating their prognostic strength. Patients whose outcome was most impacted by MYCN status were those who were <18 months, had high mitosis karrhyohexis index (MKI) and low ferritin.ConclusionThe prognostic strength of MYCN‐A varies depending on which patient subgroup defined by other neuroblastoma risk factors is examined, with greatest strength in patients with otherwise favorable features. MYCN‐A has little effect within some subgroups, aiding clinical decision‐making if MYCN status cannot be assessed. Subgroups where MYCN‐A has large effect may be prioritized for agents targeting Myc family proteins.
Micellization behavior of bile salt with pluronic (F‐127) and synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a mixed system
Authors: Rub Malik Abdul , Azum Naved , Asiri Abdullah M. , Khan Anish , Alamry Khalid A. , Kosa Samia A. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe sequestrant is a substance used to cure bile salt diarrhea. They bind to bile salts by hydrophobic and electrostatic forces to stop them from contact with colon mucosa. The block copolymer could be used as bile salt binding agents. Herein, the physicochemical parameters between bile salt and block copolymer have been studied for a new potential sequestrant. The mixed micellization behavior of bile salt, sodium deoxycholic acid (NaDC) with pluronic (F‐127) was investigated by the tensiometry method. Various micellar and thermodynamic parameters were computed. The results of the present study have been analyzed by using different theoretical models for mixed binary systems. The obtained data indicate attractive interactions (synergistic interactions) among two components upon mixing. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using a chemical reduction method. We used single and mixed amphiphilic solution in different compositions for stabilizing silver nanoparticles. The resulting silver sol was analyzed using UV‐visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Synthesis and self‐assembly of thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐b‐poly(oligo ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate) double hydrophilic block copolymers
Authors: Giaouzi Despoina , Pispas Stergios 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWe report on the synthesis of novel poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐b‐poly(oligo ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate) (PNIPAM‐b‐POEGA) thermoresponsive block copolymers using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization methodologies. The synthesized block copolymers are characterized by gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques in terms of molecular weight and composition. Their thermoresponsive self‐assembly in aqueous media is investigated using dynamic and static light scattering. The PNIPAM‐b‐POEGA thermoresponsive block copolymers formed aggregates in water by increasing the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature value of PNIPAM block. Solution pH seems to affect the self‐assembly behavior in some cases due to the presence of COOH end groups. Therefore, the copolymers were utilized as “smart” nanocarries for the hydrophobic drug indomethacin, implementing a novel encapsulation protocol taking advantage of the thermoresponsive character of the PNIPAM block. The empty and loaded self‐assembled nanocarriers systems were studied by light scattering techniques, ultraviolet–visible, and FTIR spectroscopy, which gave information on the size and structure of the nanocarriers, the drug loading content and the interactions between the drug and the components of the block copolymers. Drug loaded nanostructures show stability at room temperature, due to active drug/block copolymer interactions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1467–1477
Respiratory manifestations in inherited metabolic diseases: 6‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Ilarslan Nisa Eda Çullas , Gunay Fatih , Cobanoglu Nazan , Karaman Merve , Eminoglu Fatma Tuba 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to call attention to respiratory system manifestations which occur in the course of many inherited metabolic diseases (IMD), and present as the leading cause of death.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of patients evaluated at our hospital between June 2012 and June 2018 with a diagnosis of IMD and accompanying respiratory manifestations.ResultsA total of 50 children (29 [58%] male, 21 [42%] female) with IMD and respiratory manifestations were defined. Disorders of intracellular metabolism (n = 33, 66%) formed the majority, followed by intoxication type metabolic disorders (n = 9, 18%) and energy metabolism disorders (n = 8, 16%). The most frequent respiratory symptoms were snoring (20, 40%), tachypnea (16, 32%) and wheezing (14, 28%). Physical examination findings were signs of respiratory distress (n = 28, 56%), crackles (n = 24, 48%), thoracic deformity (n = 23, 46%), decreased breath sounds (n = 17, 34%), rhonchus (n = 17, 34%), wheezing (n = 17, 34%) and stridor (n = 10, 20%). Major respiratory manifestations were chronic airway aspiration (n = 23, 46%), upper airway obstruction (n = 23, 46%), and recurrent pneumonia (n = 18, 36%). Twenty‐three 23 patients (46%) experienced endotracheal intubation, 9 patients (18%) required whole‐house mechanical ventilation and tonsilloadenoidectomy was performed in 7 patients (14%). Overall survival rate was 70% (n = 35) in a median follow‐up period of 2.36 (0.05‐5.86) years.ConclusionsRespiratory system manifestations of IMD strongly relate with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and correct intervention of respiratory complications with a multidisciplinary team including pediatric metabolic diseases specialists, pulmonologists, otorhinolaryngologists, physiotherapists, and anesthesiologists are crucial to prevent progression and irreversible damage.
Multi‐layer distributed protocols for robust cooperative tracking in interconnected nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Rezaei Vahid , Stefanovic Margareta 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWe develop a mixed graph and optimal control theoretic formulation to design a robust cooperative control protocol for a large‐scale multiagent system with partially known interconnected first‐, second‐, or mixed first‐ and second‐order dynamics. In each case, we transform the control protocol design task to a robust communication graph design problem, which, from a cyber‐physical perspective, is interpreted as the control layer design problem for an interconnected system with unknown agent layer dynamics. According to this viewpoint, each state variable has its own control layer communication topology separate from the other state variable's communication topology and the unknown agent layer interconnection topologies. We prove that all cooperative, decentralized, and centralized tracking protocols can be treated as a single design problem and, by deriving closed‐form solutions for the robust control layer topologies, we further provide a simpler design procedure, which is only based on the matrix manipulations. Aside from the linear implementation of the protocol and the connection of the proposed formulation to the well known rules‐of‐thumb in optimal control theory, this creates a higher potential to transfer ideas to industry. Modeling uncertainties tolerable by a given control layer topology is analyzed, and a preliminary performance‐oriented analysis and design approach for large‐scale interconnected systems is discussed. We show that exactly the same steps can be followed to design appropriate control layers for both tracking and stabilization.
Synthesis Strategies and Structural Design of Porous Carbon‐Incorporated Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Enhui , Chen Mingzhe , Guo Xiaodong , Chou Shu‐Lei , Zhong Benhe , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOver the past decades, porous carbonaceous and carbon‐incorporated composites have aroused tremendous attention owing to their unique properties such as high surface area, excellent accessibility to active sites, tunable morphologies and structures, and superior mass transport and diffusion. They have been widely investigated and applied in various fields, such as energy storage, absorption, water filtration, drug delivery, catalysis, and sensing. In the energy storage area, rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted tremendous attention as the next‐generation power plants for large‐scale energy storage systems (EESs). However, their low energy density and power density, as well as their poor cyclability, are still the main challenges for SIBs, especially for the anode, which acts as a bottleneck. With the incorporation of appropriate porous carbonaceous materials, the disadvantages of large volume shrinkage and low electron conductivity of alloying‐ and conversion‐based anode materials have been significantly alleviated. This review points out and summarizes the most recent developments in synthesis strategies and morphology control of porous carbonaceous materials and the corresponding carbonaceous‐material‐incorporated high performance anodes for SIBs. Furthermore, the remaining challenges associated with these composites and effective routes to enhance their performance are discussed.
In Utero Transplantation of Expanded Autologous Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Results in Long-Term Hematopoietic Engraftment
Authors: Loukogeorgakis Stavros P. , Shangaris Panicos , Bertin Enrica , Franzin Chiara , Piccoli Martina , Pozzobon Michela , Subramaniam Sindhu , Tedeschi Alfonso , Kim Aimee G. , Li Haiying , Fachin Camila G. , Dias Andre I. B. S. , Stratigis John D. , Ahn Nicholas J. , Thrasher Adrian J. , Bonfanti Paola , Peranteau William H. , David Anna L. , Flake Alan W. , De Coppi Paolo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In utero transplantation (IUT) of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been proposed as a strategy for the prenatal treatment of congenital hematological diseases. However, levels of long-term hematopoietic engraftment achieved in experimental IUT to date are subtherapeutic, likely due to host fetal HSCs outcompeting their bone marrow (BM)-derived donor equivalents for space in the hematopoietic compartment. In the present study, we demonstrate that amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs; c-Kit+/Lin−) have hematopoietic characteristics and, thanks to their fetal origin, favorable proliferation kinetics in vitro and in vivo, which are maintained when the cells are expanded. IUT of autologous/congenic freshly isolated or cultured AFSCs resulted in stable multilineage hematopoietic engraftment, far higher to that achieved with BM-HSCs. Intravascular IUT of allogenic AFSCs was not successful as recently reported after intraperitoneal IUT. Herein, we demonstrated that this likely due to a failure of timely homing of donor cells to the host fetal thymus resulted in lack of tolerance induction and rejection. This study reveals that intravascular IUT leads to a remarkable hematopoietic engraftment of AFSCs in the setting of autologous/congenic IUT, and confirms the requirement for induction of central tolerance for allogenic IUT to be successful. Autologous, gene-engineered, and in vitro expanded AFSCs could be used as a stem cell/gene therapy platform for the in utero treatment of inherited disorders of hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2019;37:1176–1188
Specific miRNA-G Protein-Coupled Receptor Networks Regulate Sox9a/Sox9b Activities to Promote Gonadal Rejuvenation in Zebrafish
Authors: Guo Huiping , Du Xinlu , Zhang Ying , Wu Jiacheng , Wang Chenghui , Li Mingyou , Hua Xianxin , Zhang Xin A. , Yan Jizhou 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fertility and endocrine function rely on a tightly regulated synchronicity within the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, for which the sex gonad serves as the primary source of sex steroid hormones and germ cells. To maintain hormonal stasis and fertility throughout the lifespan, inducing gonadal stem cell renewal is an attractive strategy. The follicle-stimulating hormone/cAMP/MAPK/Sox9 signaling axis and its regulated specific miRNAs are thought to regulate vertebrate gonadal development and sex differentiation, yet the regulatory networks are largely unknown. By genome-wide transcriptome mining and gonadal microinjections, we identify two G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-regulatory circuits: miR430a-Sox9a in the testis and miR218a-Sox9b in the ovary. Coinjection of a Sox9a-miR430a mixture promotes spermatogenesis, whereas Sox9b-miR218a mixture increases primordial ovarian follicles. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry indicate that the two mixtures differentially modulate Sox9a/Sox9b multiple covalent modifications. We further reveal that miR430a and Sox9a synergistically activate testicular protein kinase C (PKC)/Akt signaling, whereas the miR218a and Sox9b mixture constrains ovary PKC/Akt signaling. pMIR-GFP reporter assay demonstrate that miR430a and miR218a target the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of four GPCR targets (lgr4, grk5l, grk4, and grp157). Knockdown of these GPCR genes or two Sox9 genes alters miR430a and miR218a regulation in the above gonad-specific PKC and Akt signaling pathways. These results establish two specific miRNA-GPCR-Sox9 networks and provide mechanistic insight into gonadal differentiation and rejuvenation. Stem Cells 2019;37:1189–1199
Microarray and RASopathy‐disorder testing in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency
Authors: Sinajon P. , Chitayat D. , Roifman M. , Wasim S. , Carmona S. , Ryan G. , Noor A. , Kolomietz E. , Chong K. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities, submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities and RASopathy‐disorder (RD) pathogenic variants in a cohort of pregnancies with nuchal translucency thickness (NT) ≥ 3.5 mm, and to propose a clinical protocol for surveillance of this group of patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of patients referred to The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program at Mount Sinai Hospital between January 2013 and December 2015, due to NT ≥ 3.5 mm, who underwent chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. Patients underwent extensive genetic counseling prior to invasive procedures and testing. Quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) was performed as the first‐line test for aneuploidy. If the result was negative, patients underwent karyotyping and/or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and if the findings were normal, they had testing for RD pathogenic variants, which included nine known genes. Patients also underwent detailed fetal ultrasound examinations and echocardiography, performed by expert operators.ResultsA total of 226 eligible patients were identified. In 116/226 (51.3%) patients, QF‐PCR identified a chromosomal aneuploidy. The remaining 110/226 (48.7%) patients had further genetic testing. Karyotyping/CMA detected an abnormal/pathogenic cytogenetic result in 9/110 (8.2%) patients, as well as five variants of unknown significance (VOUS). RD testing yielded three pathogenic variants (3/103), giving a detection rate of 2.9%, and one VOUS. The optimal NT cut‐off for RD screening was 7.9 mm in this population. In 92/110 (83.6%) patients, the genetic investigations were normal. Of these pregnancies, an early (14–16 weeks' gestation) detailed fetal ultrasound examination identified a structural abnormality in 24 (26.1%), 15 (16.3%) had an abnormal detailed ultrasound examination at 18–22 weeks' gestation and fetal echocardiography showed a cardiac abnormality in nine (9.8%). The birth outcome in the 83 pregnancies that had normal genetic investigations and known outcome included seven (8.4%) cases of termination of pregnancy, seven (8.4%) cases of intrauterine fetal death and 69 (83.1%) cases of live birth. Nine (9.8%) patients were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsBoth CMA and molecular testing for RD are important investigations in pregnancies with NT ≥ 3.5 mm. The use of genetic testing combined with fetal ultrasound examination provides valuable information that can influence pregnancy outcome, and provide recurrence risks, in this patient population. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AdS2 solutions and their massive IIA origin
Authors: Dibitetto Giuseppe , Petri Nicolò 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider warped AdS2× ℳ4backgrounds withinF(4) gauged supergravity in six dimensions. In particular, we are able to find supersymmetric solutions of the aforementioned type characterized by AdS6asymptotics and an ℳ4given by a three-sphere warped over a segment. Subsequently, we provide the 10D uplift of the solutions to massive type IIA supergravity, where the geometry is AdS2×S3×$$ {\tilde{S}}^3 $$S˜3warped over a strip. Finally we construct the brane intersection underlying one of these supergravity backgrounds. The explicit setup involves a D0-F1-D4 bound state intersecting a D4-D8 system.
Sphere partition functions & cut-off AdS
Authors: Caputa Pawel , Datta Shouvik , Shyam Vasudev 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider sphere partition functions ofTTdeformed largeNconformal field theories ind= 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 dimensions, computed using the flow equation. These are shown to non-perturbatively match with bulk computations ofAdSd+1with a finite radial cut-off. We then demonstrate how the flow equation can be independently derived from a regularization procedure of definingTToperators through a local Callan-Symanzik equation. Finally, we show that the sphere partition functions, modulo bulk-counterterm contributions, can be reproduced from Wheeler-DeWitt wavefunctions.
Medical Contraindications to Transplant Listing in the USA: A Survey of Adult and Pediatric Heart, Kidney, Liver, and Lung Programs
Authors: Wall Anji , Lee Gun Ho , Maldonado Jose , Magnus David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionListing practices for solid organ transplantation are variable across programs in the USA. To better characterize this variability, we performed a survey of psychosocial listing criteria for pediatric and adult heart, lung, liver, and kidney programs in the USA. In this manuscript, we report our results regarding listing practices with respect to obesity, advanced age, and HIV seropositivity.MethodsWe performed an online, forced‐choice survey of adult and pediatric heart, kidney, liver, and lung transplant programs in the USA.ResultsOf 650 programs contacted, 343 submitted complete responses (response rate = 52.8%). Most programs have absolute contraindications to listing for BMI > 45 (adult: 67.5%; pediatric: 88.0%) and age > 80 (adult: 55.4%; pediatric: not relevant). Only 29.5% of adult programs and 25.7% of pediatric programs consider HIV seropositivity an absolute contraindication to listing. We found that there is variation in absolute contraindications to listing in adult programs among organ types for BMI > 45 (heart 89.8%, lung 92.3%, liver 49.1%, kidney 71.9%), age > 80 (heart 83.7%, lung 76.9%, liver 68.4%, kidney 29.2%), and HIV seropositivity (heart 30.6%, lung 59.0%, kidney 16.9%, liver 28.1%).
ConclusionsWe argue that variability in listing enhances access to transplantation for potential recipients who have the ability to pursue workup at different centers by allowing different programs to have different risk thresholds. Programs should remain independent in listing practices, but because these practices differ, we recommend transparency in listing policies and informing patients of reasons for listing denial and alternative opportunities to seek listing at another program.
Fruit and vegetable intake and its correlates among high-school adolescents in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ziaei Reza , Shahi Hadi , Dastgiri Saeed , Mohammadi Reza , Viitasara Eija 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Two important components of a healthy diet are fruits and vegetables (F&V), which are essential for maintaining physical health. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of F&V intake among high school adolescents in the city of Tabriz.

Methods
The Global School-based Student Health Survey self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection among 1517 adolescents.

Results
The prevalence of fruit intake was 76.1% (≥ 2 times/day) and vegetable intake 23% (≥ 3 times/day). Being at the third level of high school and having sedentary behavior, low intake of vegetables, low or lack of parental support, lack of peer support and lack of enough food at home were significantly associated with low consumption of fruit among students. Also, being overweight or obese and having low intake of fruit, low or lack of peer support, and being physically inactive were significantly associated with low intake of vegetables.

Conclusion
Results suggest that interventions targeting personal, interpersonal and environmental factors for increased F&V consumption should be given more priority by the public health authorities.