bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B-56 Personal and Family Psychiatric Histories and Self-Report of Post-Concussive Symptoms in Concussed Children and Adolescents with Prolonged Recovery
Authors: Hassara K , Pulsipher D , Stanford L , Schneider B , Krapf E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study seeks to examine whether personal psychiatric history (PPH) and/or family psychiatric history (FPH) are related to prolonged concussion recovery and increased post-concussive symptoms (PCs) in concussed children and adolescents. We hypothesized that individuals with PPH/FPH would endorse a greater number of and more severe PCs relative to those with concussion only or concussion with either PPH or FPH.

Methods
Data from 255 concussed 8 to 18-year-olds (median = 15.50 years, range = 10.25 years) were retrospectively examined from a clinical database excluding patients with confounding medical comorbidities. PCs (i.e., total symptom count and severity [frequency, intensity, and duration of symptoms]) were compared among four groups (concussion only [n = 80], concussion + PPH [n = 14], concussion + FPH [n = 125], and concussion + PPH/FPH [n = 36]) using a multivariate Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results
The omnibus analysis indicated group differences for injury interval (p = 0.05) and PCs severity (p = 0.002). Post-hoc analyses indicated patients with concussion + PPH/FPH reported greater PCs severity than those with concussion only (U = 726.00, p = 0.0001, r = 0.36) and those with concussion + FPH (U = 1203.00, p = 0.003, r = 0.23). Injury interval was greater for patients with concussion + FPH than those with concussion alone (U = 3474.50, p = 0.007, r = 0.19). Other group differences were non-significant.

Conclusions
All groups reported a similar number of PCs. FPH contributes to severity of symptoms when combined with PPH. PPH alone did not significantly affect PCs severity. Findings suggest that providers should screen for both PPH and FPH at the time of concussion diagnosis. Early identification of risk factors may lead to targeted intervention, therefore reducing persistent PCs.
B-59 Prevalence of Pseudobulbar Affect Symptoms in Professional Fighters
Authors: Durant J , Bennett L , Bernick C , Miller J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) is defined as dysregulation of emotional expression and is characterized by sudden, uncontrollable, laughing and/or crying that is discordant with the present mood or social context. This study sought to establish the prevalence of PBA symptoms in individuals with a high incidence of sports-related head injuries and explore the relationship between two rating scales designed to measure PBA symptoms.

Methods
Sixty-three professional fighters (age: M = 44.7, SD = 10.0; 98% male) underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessment including completion of the Pathological Laughing and Crying Scale (PLCS) and the Center for Neurologic Study – Lability Scale (CNS-LS). Diagnostic criteria for PBA were reviewed during the neurological exam to establish the prevalence of the clinical syndrome. Prevalence statistics for item endorsement on the rating scales and diagnostic status were calculated. To investigate the rate of agreement between rating scales, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and root mean square difference (RMSD) were calculated.

Results
Eleven percent of participants met clinical criteria for PBA diagnosis, 25% of participants endorsed clinically significant PBA symptoms on the CNS-LS (M = 10.9, SD = 4.9), and 8% endorsed significant symptoms on the PLCS (M = 3.1, SD = 6.5). The rating scales were significantly positively correlated (r = .58; p < .01), though overall agreement was low (CCC = 0.55; RMSD = 5.4).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the prevalence of PBA symptoms in a sample of professional fighters is not uncommon. Although both the CNS-LS and PCLS are designed to measure PBA symptoms, they appear to be measuring unique aspects of PBA that may provide complimentary, rather than redundant information.
B-63 Subacute Cognitive Sequelae of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and Traditional Neuropsychological Tests
Authors: Stenberg J , Karlsen R , Saksvik S , Iverson G , Karr J , Vik A , Skandsen T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study examined cognitive functioning at approximately two weeks following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and explored whether tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) revealed greater differences between patients with MTBI and controls than traditional neuropsychological tests.

Method
Patients with MTBIs (n = 177) according to the World Health Organization criteria, trauma controls with orthopedic injuries (n = 79), and community controls (n = 81) were assessed with 18 neuropsychological tests an average of 17 days post injury (SD = 3 days). The tests consisted of both traditional, well-established, paper and pencil tests (9 tests, 11 outcome measures) and tests from the CANTAB battery (9 tests, 14 outcome measures).

Results
Of the 25 outcome measures, the groups only differed significantly on the Coding subtest from the WAIS-IV battery (uncorrected Kruskal-Wallis test: p = 0.025), with lower performance in the MTBI group compared to the community control group (Cliff’s delta = -0.20). Effect sizes of the differences between patients with MTBI and community controls ranged from -0.16 to 0.01 on the CANTAB tests and -0.20 to 0.00 on the traditional tests. Effect sizes of the differences between patients with MTBI and trauma controls ranged from -0.13 to 0.06 on the CANTAB tests and -0.15 to 0.02 on the traditional tests.

Conclusions
Patients with MTBI did not have significantly lower cognitive test performance than trauma controls or community controls on a large number of tests two weeks after injury. Further, differences between patients with MTBI and controls were similar for the CANTAB battery and traditional tests.
B-64 Symptom Reporting and Cognitive Functioning in Middle School Athletes with Past Concussions
Authors: Terry D , Maxwell B , Zafonte R , Berkner P , Iverson G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
We examined the association between past concussions and current preseason symptom reporting and cognitive performance in boys participating in school sports.

Method
A sample of 2,582 boys ages 11-13 completed neurocognitive testing prior to participating in a school sport, using ImPACT®, between 2009-2015. A minority reported prior concussions: 0 (n = 2,244, 86.9%), 1 (n = 261, 10.1%), and ≥2 (n = 77, 3.0%).

Results
There was a significant difference in total symptom scores across groups (Kruskall-Wallis = 10.75, p = .005). Those with ≥2 prior concussions reported more symptoms than those with 0 concussions (p = .004, Cohen’s d = 0.41). A multivariate regression examining the contribution of concussion history and developmental/health history to symptom reporting was significant [F(7, 2,267) = 16.80, p < .001]. The following were independent predictors of symptoms scores (in descending order of strength): treatment for a psychiatric condition, treatment for headaches, history of learning disability, age, and history of ADHD. Prior concussion history was not a significant independent predictor in this multivariate model. There was a very small omnibus difference in visual motor speed (ANOVA, F = 4.10, p = .02); athletes with 1 prior concussion performed worse than those with no prior concussions (Tukey p = .01; d = 0.19). There were no significant differences on the other cognitive variables.

Conclusions
Boys with two or more prior concussions reported more symptoms than those with no prior concussions, but performed similarly on cognitive testing. The strongest predictors of current symptom reporting were a prior history of treatment for mental health problems or headaches, and a personal history of learning disability.
B-66 The Effect of Bilingualism on Boston Naming Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults
Authors: Lopez Hernandez D , Knight J , Litvin P , Rugh-Fraser R , Bueno A , Cervantes R , Mangassarian S , Fatoorechi S , Rico M , Arzuyan AMcElwee C , Hardy D , Carranza E , Vespa P , Plurad D , Hovda D , Woo E , Fuster J , Budding D , Wright M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a lexical-retrieval task. It has been documented that those with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have reduced performance on the BNT. Bilingualism is also known to impact BNT performances. We examined the relationship of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performances.

Method
The sample (N = 95) consisted of 36 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 17 monolingual), 32 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. All participants passed performance validity testing. A 3X2 ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performance.

Results
A main effect was found for group (i.e., control, 6 month TBI, and 12 month TBI), p < .001, ηp² = .21. Pairwise comparisons revealed that acute TBI participants performed worse than the control and chronic TBI groups. A main effect for bilingualism/ monolingualism was found, p < .001, ηp² = .14; monolinguals performed better on the BNT. No interactions were found between TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism.

Conclusions
BNT performance improves overtime in TBI and the pattern of improvement post-TBI is not statistically different between bilingual/monolingual groups. Relative to monolinguals, bilingual participants demonstrated worse BNT performance.
B-67 The Effect of Bilingualism on Executive Functioning Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults
Authors: Cervantes R , Lopez Hernandez W , Knight J , Litvin P , Bueno A , Rugh-Fraser R , McElwee C , Bichlmeier A , Arzuyan A , Hardy DMangassarian S , Torres E , Fatoorechi S , Vespa P , Plurad D , Hovda D , Woo E , Fuster J , Budding D , Wright M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often exhibit problems with executive function (EF). Language use can also impact EF test performances. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on several EF tests.

Method
The sample (N = 94) consisted of 37 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 30 acute TBI participants (10 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. Stroop Color-Word (SCW), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Letter Fluency (DKEFS-LF), Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) and a EF global composite (EF-GC) were used to assess EF. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on EF performances.

Results
Main effects were found between groups (control and TBI groups) on SCW, p = .046, ηp² = .07, TMT-B, p = .042, ηp² = .07, and EF-GC, p = .005, ηp² = .13; the 6-month TBI group performed worse than controls on TMT-B and EF-GC. Main effects were found for bilingualism/ monolingualism on SCW, p = .012, ηp² = .07, and TMT-B, p = .034, ηp² = .05; monolingual participants performed better than bilingual participants. No significant interactions between TBI and language were found.

Conclusion
The TBI group underperformed on SCW, TMT-B, and EF-GC compared to controls; relative to monolinguals, bilinguals underperformed on the SCW and TMT-B only. In conclusion, our findings seem to suggest that monolinguals have better cognitive flexibility compared to bilinguals that result in better EF performances.
B-75 A Preliminary Investigation of Predictors of Employment and Perception of Ability to Work in Combat-Exposed Veterans
Authors: Merritt V , Jurick S , Crocker L , Keller A , Hoffman S , Jak A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to evaluate whether perception of one’s ability to work (a subjective rating) predicts employment status (an objective marker of functioning) in a sample of combat-exposed Veterans, and (2) to examine predictors of employment status and perception of work ability to determine whether the same sets of variables that predict employment status also predict perception of one’s ability to work.

Method
Combat-exposed Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans (N = 83) completed self-report questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, combat-related experiences, and psychiatric and neurobehavioral/health-related symptoms. Veterans also underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Primary outcomes of interest were employment status (unemployed versus employed) and Veterans’ rating of a perceived decline in work ability (yes versus no).

Results
Logistic regression analyses showed that perception of work ability significantly predicted employment status (p = .046). Moreover, psychiatric and neurobehavioral/health-related symptoms significantly predicted employment status and perception of work ability (p = .001-.017), whereas demographic characteristics (i.e., service-connection disability rating) and combat-related experiences (i.e., number of traumatic brain injuries) only predicted perception of work ability (p = .010-.029). Cognition was not significantly associated with employment status or perception of work ability (p’s > .05).

Conclusions
Altogether, these findings support the notion that perception of one’s ability to work plays an important role in employment-related outcomes in combat-exposed Veterans. Future studies using larger samples are needed to confirm these findings, but our preliminary results suggest that perception of work ability may be a particularly important treatment target in this population.
A-16 Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) Scores are Associated with Pre-Reading Skills in Preschoolers
Authors: Figuccio M , Falconi A , Priefer R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Executive function (EF) skills are an array of cognitive abilities that have been linked to future scholastic achievement. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) is used to assess EF in young children. The aims of the current study are to assess whether males and females differ in BRIEF-P scores, and to measure the relationship between EF and pre-reading skills.

Method
11 typically developing males (M = 53.13 months, SD = 3.74) and 12 typically developing females (M = 54.71 months, SD = 3.14) participated in the study. Children completed a cognitive-linguistic battery, while parents completed the BRIEF-P. Independent sample t tests were employed to investigate differences between males and females, and Pearson correlations were employed to examine the relationship between BRIEF-P and cognitive-linguistic scores.

Results
Males scored significantly higher than females on the Blending Words subtest t(21) = 2.97, p = .007, 95% CI [5.83, 32.92]. Males and females also significantly differed in BRIEF-P scores: Shift t(21) = 6.43, p < .001, 95% CI [36.42, 71.26] and Emotional Control t(21) = 3.02, p = .006, 95% CI [11.44, 61.86]. In males, Blending Words was associated with Inhibit r = -.77, p = .005, Emotional Control r = -.75, p = .008, and Plan/Organize r = -.638, p = .035. In females, Memory for Digits subtest was associated with Inhibit r = -.632, p = .027, and Plan/Organize r = -.595, p = .041.

Conclusions
Male and female preschoolers differed in Blending Words, Shift, and Emotional Control. Interestingly, EF was associated with pre-reading measures in both males and females; however, EF measures were associated with Blending Words in males and Memory for Digits in females. This study adds to the body of research suggesting the importance of EF in early development.
B-79 Trauma through the Neuropsychologist's Eyes: A Systematic Review of Standardized Test Results after Trauma
Authors: Silveira K , Garcia-Barrera M , Smart C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Approximately 90% of adults in the United States have been exposed to trauma (Kilpatrick et al. 2013). Among clients seen for neuropsychological services, trauma may be an etiological or co-occurring factor, especially with traumatic brain injury. Understanding neuropsychological impact is essential to trauma-informed assessment, diagnosis, and rehabilitation. Prior reviews were limited to between-group statistical differences rather than clinically significant results. In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, this review evaluated studies of standardized neuropsychological test scores among adults with trauma histories and psychopathology.

Data Selection
Terms for “neuropsychology” and “trauma” were searched within peer-reviewed empirical studies from PsycINFO, MedLine with Full Text, and Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress from 1/2013-8/2018. 2350 initial records were ultimately reduced to 21 articles, after removing duplicates and ineligible articles (e.g., no standardized neuropsychological tests or scores, baseline treatment assessments, studies where age groups were not stratified, non-clinical samples). Extracted data included demographic, neuropsychological, and clinical characteristics, and potential study biases.

Data Synthesis
Studies assessed combat trauma (n = 8), developmental trauma (n = 2), intimate partner violence and sexual assault (n = 2), accidental trauma (n = 2), refugee trauma (n = 1), and unspecified trauma (n = 6) in the context of various psychiatric conditions. Performance across neuropsychological domains ranged from low to high average, with one borderline verbal memory score.

Conclusions
Lack of clinically observable neuropsychological impairment suggests cognitive challenges are state-based, driven by intra-individual variability and the psychophysiological traumatic stress response. Client-centered rehabilitation emphasizing self-regulation is recommended. Future research can expand on assessment comprehensiveness and ecological validity.
C-04 Cognitive Status, Tau levels, and Depression in Older Adults
Authors: Jean K , Chummar S , Miller L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Worsening cognitive status has been related to depression in older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between cognitive status and depression and whether this relation was dependent upon tau levels, a biomarker for brain pathology related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias.

Method
This study consisted of 507 older adults with a mean age of 74. Participants were 40.9% female and 93.9% Caucasian. Neuropsychological assessments, collateral report, and clinician ratings were used to classify each participant by their cognitive status (i.e., cognitively normal (CN), early mild cognitive impairment (MCI), late MCI, or AD). Depression was based on the total score of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). A hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze the amount of variance explained in depression scores, controlling for age.

Results
There was a significant relation between cognitive status and GDS, with cognitive status explaining 2.8% of the variance (R-squared = .028, p < .001). Tau explained .6% of the variance in depression scores above and beyond what was explained by cognitive status and age (p = .089). The interaction between cognitive status and tau explained .4% of the variance in depression scores, ΔR-squared = .004, p = .160.

Conclusions
While this suggests cognitive status and depression may not be dependent upon tau levels in this sample, further research should be done to determine whether other sensitive measures of brain pathology, such as the ratio between phosphorylated tau and total tau, may be relevant in the prediction and diagnosis of depression in individuals with varying levels of cognitive status.
C-06 Differential and Dual Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Personality Disorders: Performance on WAIS-IV Subtests
Authors: Berger R , Marker C , Burger C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Certain personality disorder (PD) diagnoses are related to the development of dementing disorders. There is a higher rate of comorbidity of PD in samples of patients with dementing disorders compared to healthy controls, which can lead to difficulties during the diagnostic process. The present study seeks to identify the neurocognitive correlates of those diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) compared to PD, potentially aiding in differential diagnosis.

Method
Data was collected as part of a large assessment outpatient clinical practice. The data contained 580 participants who came to the clinic with a variety of referral questions (e.g., neurological diagnosis, personality functioning, ADHD assessment). To measure cognitive functioning, participants were administered the WAIS-IV. Participants included 43 people diagnosed with AD and 18 with PD.

Results
Subtest scores for participants diagnosed with AD were lower than participants with PD. We adjusted the mean level difference using vocabulary. Using regression, we pulled out the variance associated with vocabulary as it is not susceptible to cognitive decline. Block design was significantly different for the two groups even after controlling for vocabulary (r-square = .06; p = .017). Matrix reasoning was significantly different for the two groups even after controlling for vocabulary (r-square = .09; p = .005).

Conclusions
The differential diagnosis of PD and dementing disorders is important, and thus these findings are important in beginning to understand the cognitive patterns in those with AD and PD. Past research has not controlled for intellectual functioning. However, additional research utilizing larger sample sizes and an extensive test battery is necessary.
C-09 Diastolic Blood Pressure and Executive Function in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Staley Shumaker B , Wei Qi G , Amano S , Nolty A , Harrington M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Our aim was to investigate the effect of elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) within normal blood pressure range (NBPR) on an executive functioning task (Stroop C) in a cognitively healthy, high functioning, older adult population.

Method
Archival data at Huntington Medical Research Institutes provided 35 cognitively healthy, high functioning adults from 63 to 89 years of age (M = 76, SD = 7.0). The majority were female and Caucasian, and had college or higher degrees. A general linear model (GLM) regression analysis was performed to determine if the Stroop C Interference z score would be predicted by DBP NBPR when controlling for age, sex, education level, and ApoE4 genotype.

Results
The regression model for DBP NBPR on Stroop Interference z scores was significant, F(5, 29) = 1.56, p < .05, with increased DBP NBPR associated with decreased Stroop Interference z scores (slower completion time).

Conclusions
Increased DBP NBPR was negatively associated with executive functioning as indicated by Stroop C Interference performance, such that individuals with slower completion times had elevated DBP NBPR measurements. These results suggest that increased DBP NBPR may play a role in the reduction of executive functioning performance in cognitively healthy older adults and are consistent with prior findings identifying increased DBP as a risk factor for neurodegeneration (den Heijer et al., 2005; Kennelly et al., 2009). The current study highlights the need for increased attention to the role of DBP in neurodegeneration.