bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of the transmission of Babesia rossi by Haemaphysalis elliptica in dogs treated with Nexgard®
Authors: Beugnet Frederic , Lebon Wilfried , de Vos Christa 
Published: August 2019

This experimental study aimed to determine the efficacy of Afoxolaner (NexGard®) to prevent Babesia rossi transmission by Haemaphysalis elliptica ticks on dogs. The study included three groups of seven dogs each. Groups 1 and 2 remained untreated, whereas group 3 dogs received NexGard® on Day 0. All dogs were infested by 50 Haemaphysalis elliptica adult ticks: Group 1 on Day 2, Group 2 on Day 28 and Group 3 on Days 2 and 28. The ticks were originally nymphs having fed on B. rossi infected donor dogs. Their infection rate, assessed by PCR, was 12.8% at Day 2 and 6% at Day 28. On Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56, and in case of suspicion of babesiosis, blood samples were collected for blood smears, PCR and ELISA. The B. rossi infection rate in the untreated group 1 was 100% (6/6, as one dog was inadvertently treated on Day 15 and removed from statistical analysis). The infection rate was 57.1% (4/7) in group 2, and 0% (0/7) in the afoxolaner treated group 3 at all time-points until the end of the study on Day 56. After tick removal and count 144 h after each infestation, the control groups had an arithmetic mean of ticks of 23.8 (group 1) and 26.8 (group 2). No tick was recovered from any treated dogs. This study demonstrated that NexGard® protected dogs against infection by B. rossi for at least 28 days.
Signatures of Sudden Storm Commencement on the equatorial thermospheric dayglow
Authors: Sumod Sukumarn N.G.K. , Pant Tarun K. , Ajesh Asokan P. 
Published: August 2019

It has been observed that the OI 630.0 nm dayglow emission over a dip equatorial station, Trivandrum (8.5° N, 77° E, dip 0.5° N), India registered an abrupt increase of ~ 2000 R during the compression phase of the magnetosphere as dictated by a sudden increase in solar wind ram pressure. Furthermore, an unusual depletion of these emissions has been observed during the eastward interplanetary electric field (IEF), concomitant with southward excursion of IMF Bz. The ionosonde and magnetometer observations confirmed the effects of prompt penetration electric field (PPEF). Associated with the eastward PPEF, formation of F3 layers were also noticed. These unique results, which emphasize the effect of Sudden Storm Commencement/IEF on these equatorial daytime airglow emissions are discussed in context of changes in the equatorial zonal electric field and F region height variations associated with polar/auroral activities due to the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.
Ernährungsberatung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Klinik und ambulanter Versorgung
Authors: Weiss Heike 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDass mit der Diagnose Krebs gleichzeitig eine erhöhte Gefahr für die Entstehung oder auch Verschlimmerung einer Mangelernährung einhergeht, ist eine seit fast 40 Jahren bekannte Tatsache. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass mehr dafür getan wird, um die kontinuierliche Versorgung dieser Patienten mit ernährungstherapeutischen Maßnahmen zu verbessern.Es zeigt sich, dass im stationären Bereich mittlerweile Strukturen bestehen und Spezialisten verschiedenster Professionen daran arbeiten, die Ernährungssituation der Patienten zu verbessern. Einen massiven Einschnitt erfahren viele Patienten jedoch unmittelbar nach ihrer Entlassung. Ernährungstherapeutische Maßnahmen, die in der Klinik initiiert wurden, enden oft mit dem Tag der Entlassung. Die Ursachen hierfür sind vielfältig. Fehlende Strukturen im ambulanten Bereich, unzureichende Kommunikation zwischen Klinik und übernehmendem Haus- oder Facharzt oder eine ungenügende Aufklärung der Patienten über Sinn, Funktion und Ablauf der Ernährungstherapie verhindern deren kontinuierliche Fortsetzung nach der Entlassung.Ein erster Schritt, um diesen Übergang zu verbessern, vollzog sich 2017 mit der gesetzlichen Verankerung des Entlassmanagements. Nun gilt es in diesem Sinne auch die Bedingungen für das Entlassmanagement der Patienten mit supportiver Ernährungstherapie so zu formulieren und zu strukturieren, dass keine Brüche im Behandlungsverlauf durch Entlassungen entstehen können. Dies führt letzten Endes nicht nur zu einer höheren Lebensqualität und Zufriedenheit bei den Patienten, sondern auch durch eine Verbesserung der Ernährungssituation zu weniger und kürzeren Klinikaufenthalten, die sich dann auch gesamtwirtschaftlich positiv auswirken.
Inadvertent iatrogenic prostatectomy and urethrectomy in 2
dogs
Authors: Häußler Thomas C. , Thiel Cetina , Fischer Andreas , Kramer Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo dogs were referred because of dysuria following inadvertent iatrogenic total
prostatectomy and urethrectomy. In both cases an existing perineal hernia was
not recognized by the referring veterinarians and the caudally herniated
prostate gland was diagnosed as a perianal neoplasia and subsequently removed.
Both dogs were treated with isolation of the urinary bladder from the urethra
and a permanent prepubic cystostomy tube.
Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Potential of Halogenated Chamigrenes from Malaysian Red Alga, Laurencia majuscula
Authors: Kamada Takashi , Phan Chin-Soon , Okino Tatsufumi , Vairappan Charles Santhanaraju 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRed algae of the genus Laurencia have been known to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites. Here, we report the isolation of two new halogenated chamigrenes, lauremantanones A (1) and B (2), along with seven known compounds, dendroidiol (3), (+)-elatol (4), cartilagineol (5), obtusol (6), (+)-laurencenone B (7), 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-α-chamigren-9-one (8), and puertitol A (9), from a population of Laurencia majuscula (Harvey) Lucas from Mantanani Island (North Borneo). The structures of the two new metabolites were determined based on spectroscopic data (IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and MS). Compounds isolated from this alga exhibited potent cytotoxic (HeLa, MCF-7, P-388) and antibacterial (against antibiotic-resistant clinical bacteria) activities. The major metabolite of this population has significant importance in the geographical distribution of this species globally.
Anatomical Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patella Dislocation: Two-Strand Grafts versus Four-Strand Grafts
Authors: Niu Jinghui , Lin Wei , Qi Qi , Lu Jiangfeng , Dai Yike , Wang Fei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe two anatomical medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction methods: reconstruction with two-strand grafts and reconstruction with four-strand grafts and to evaluate the clinical and radiological results. From January 2010 to January 2013, patients who sustained recurrent patella dislocation and met inclusion criteria were included in the study and divided into two groups randomly to undergo MPFL reconstruction either by two-strand grafts (T group) or four-strand grafts (F group). Patients were followed up 1 month, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years postoperatively. The apprehension test was applied to test patella stability. The Kujala score, Lysholm score, and Crosby–Insall grading were used to evaluate the function of the affected knee. The patellar congruence and patellar tilt angle were used to measure the morphology of the patellofemoral joint. In addition, patients' subjective assessments and complications were recorded. Thirty-eight patients in T group and 38 patients in F group were followed for at least 36 months. The apprehension test was positive in all patients preoperatively but was negative at follow-up. The Kujala score, Lysholm score, patellar congruence angle, and the patellar tilt angle of patients in both groups improved significantly at 36-month follow-up when compared with those assessed preoperatively. However, patients in the F group achieved better clinical results in terms of Kujala score, patellar congruence angle, patellar tilt angle, and Crosby–Insall grading when compared with those in the T group 3 years after the operation. Most patients (92% of patients in the T group and 97% of patients in the F group) were satisfied with the surgery. The anatomical MPFL reconstruction with two-strand grafts or four-strand grafts were both safe techniques for recurrent patella dislocation with satisfactory clinical outcomes. The anatomical fixation with four-strand grafts achieved better clinical and radiographic results in the follow-up, which may be a better reconstruction method.
Vascular Redistribution for SIRT—A Quantitative Assessment of Treatment Success and Long-Term Analysis of Recurrence and Survival Outcomes
Authors: Borg Philip , Wong Jen Jou , Lawrance Nicholas , Chander Amarjot , Tipping Jill , Bell Jon , Mullan Damian , Manoharan Prakash , Jeans Steve , Lawrance Jeremy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Aim Flow redistribution is not uncommonly performed as a treatment strategy to optimize delivery of radioembolization particles to the liver. We quantitatively evaluated the effect of vessel embolization to promote flow redistribution when performing selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) for liver metastases, and assessed long-term outcomes of treatment.
Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty-eight SIRT procedures over an 8-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-three patients who underwent partial/whole embolization of the left hepatic artery were compared to a control group of 18 patients who did not receive any hepatic embolization as part of their work up. Counts were measured for each patient on both the post-99mTcMAA injection, and the post-90Y microspheres injection imaging. Recurrence and survival rates were also measured.
Results A statistically significant shift in the right:left ratio between planning and treatment procedures was seen in patients who had vessel embolization in favor of the embolized lobe (p = 0.014). There was no significant difference in the time to recurrence in the embolized lobes versus the nonembolized lobes. No significant difference in overall survival was detected between the two cohorts.
Conclusion To facilitate safe whole liver treatment, it is sometimes necessary to partially or completely occlude main or accessory hepatic arteries. This study shows that the success of flow redistribution strategies can be quantitatively measured, and there is no adverse impact on time to recurrence or overall survival outcomes.
Craniotomy Does Have its Share in the Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Sah Shashank , Rawal Divyant 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Burr hole drainage (BHD) is the most popular technique for surgical management of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) and is able to successfully address the problem in majority of patients. However, in a select few cases, the formation of subdural membrane necessitates a wider surgical approach to relieve the compressed cerebral parenchyma. We evaluated the need for craniotomy and associated issues in management of CSDH in a consecutive series of 114 patients.
Material and Method Data of 114 patients, who underwent surgical management of CSDH in our neurosurgical unit were analyzed. We specifically looked for the cases requiring craniotomy, it's indication and surgical outcome.
Results Craniotomy was required in 12 patients (8.6%)—as primary procedure in 8 patients and as add-on secondary procedure in 4 patients. Clinical outcome was good. Mild subdural bleed, not requiring any surgical intervention, was observed in two patients as postoperative complication. There was no mortality.
Conclusion In the presence of thick subdural membranes, BHD alone may not help relieve the cerebral compression. Wider surgical approach in form of craniotomy and membranectomy is the answer in such situations and can be safely performed with low complications. Good quality computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are essential in preoperative identification of membrane and appropriate surgical planning.
Assessment of Mechanical Fetal PR Interval in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy and Its Relationship with the Severity of the Disease
Authors: Yakut Kadriye , Öcal Fatma Doğa , Öztürk Merve , Öztürk Filiz Halici , Oğuz Yüksel , Çelen Şevki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the fetal atrioventricular conduction system in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) by measuring the fetal mechanical PR interval and to explore the significance of predicting the severity of the disease.
Study Design Forty pregnant women diagnosed with ICP, classified as severe and mild, and 40 healthy pregnant women participated in the study. Fetal mechanical PR interval was calculated, and fetal mechanical PR interval and neonatal outcome were compared between the groups. The relationship between the mechanical PR interval and the severity of ICP was analyzed.
Results The fetal mechanical PR interval was significantly longer in the ICP group than in the control group (p < 0.005). Likewise, laboratory parameters such as transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) and total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the ICP group (p < 0.005).There were no statistically significant differences in the fetal complications. There was a positive correlation between the severity of disease and fetal PR interval.
Conclusion A prolonged fetal mechanical PR interval in fetuses of mothers with ICP was demonstrated in this study. It was also shown that there was a positive correlation between fetal PR interval and severity of the disease. The study concluded that fetal mechanical PR interval measurement can be used to predict the severity of disease in ICP.
Nonoperative Management of Minimally Displaced Patellar Sleeve Fractures
Authors: Sousa Paul L. , Stuart Michael J. , Prince Matthew R. , Dahm Diane L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPatellar sleeve fractures primarily occur in the adolescent population from a rapid contraction of the quadriceps with the knee in a flexed position. Several small case reports describe operative reduction and fixation for displaced fractures. However, there is sparse literature on nonoperative management of these injuries. Retrospective review and prospective follow-up of all patients diagnosed with patellar sleeve fracture between 1991 and 2014 at a single institution. Patients with superior pole avulsion fractures, history of prior knee surgery, and fractures managed operatively were excluded. Patients with a clinical diagnosis without support of advanced imaging were also excluded. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reviewed for initial fracture displacement, time until fracture union, and the presence of patellar tendon ossification. Outcome was assessed using the Tegner's activity scale, Kujala's Score and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation score at final follow-up. Eighteen nonoperatively treated distal patellar pole sleeve fractures were identified, while five patients had advanced imaging to support their diagnosis. All were males with a mean age of 15.1 (range: 12–18). Traumatic and sport-related injuries were noted in the majority of patients. Only one patient had any appreciable displacement, but still < 2 mm. Final radiographic evaluation revealed fracture healing without patellar tendon ossification in all patients. All five patients had full terminal knee extension and symmetric range of motion. Mean IKDC score was 96.4 (range: 82–100) mean Tegner's activity score was 60 (range: 5–8), and mean Kujala's score was 89.7 (range: 63–100) at final follow-up. Of the five cases, three patients presented in a delayed fashion, and all went on to have surgical treatment. Two required arthroscopic loose body removal, while the other had an open patellar debridement and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection. Minimally displaced patellar sleeve fractures can be successfully managed nonoperatively with excellent clinical outcomes. However, delayed in presentation may be associated with worse outcome. This study of case series reflects level of evidence IV.
Robust computation with rhythmic spike patterns
Authors: Frady E. Paxon , Sommer Friedrich T. 
Published: August 2019

Significance
This work makes 2 contributions. First, we present a neural network model of associative memory that stores and retrieves sparse patterns of complex variables. This network can store analog information as fixed-point attractors in the complex domain; it is governed by an energy function and has increased memory capacity compared to early models. Second, we translate complex attractor networks into spiking networks, where the timing of the spike indicates the phase of a complex number. We show that complex fixed points correspond to stable periodic spike patterns. It is demonstrated that such networks can be constructed with resonate-and-fire or integrate-and-fire neurons with biologically plausible mechanisms and be used for robust computations, such as image retrieval.
Optimizing organic electrosynthesis through controlled voltage dosing and artificial intelligence
Authors: Blanco Daniela E. , Lee Bryan , Modestino Miguel A. 
Published: August 2019

SignificanceThe electrification of chemical manufacturing can enable the integration of renewable electricity sources into a sustainable chemical industry. The combined experimental and artificial intelligence-enabled approach discussed in this work represents a paradigm shift in the electrosynthesis field and can help accelerate the industry’s transformation. The strategy that we present improves reaction selectivity (by 325%) and production rates (by 30%) for the largest organic electrochemical process in industry, the electrosynthesis of adiponitrile (ADN). These advances are achieved by carefully tuning the electrochemical environment around the electrocatalyst surface and implementing data-driven models to rapidly elucidate optimal reaction conditions unpredictable by existing physical models. Although this approach was demonstrated for ADN production, it can serve as a universal model for sustainable electrosynthesis development.
Verifying commuting quantum computations via fidelity estimation of weighted graph states
Authors: Hayashi Masahito , Takeuchi Yuki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The instantaneous quantum polynomial time (IQP) model is one of promising models to demonstrate a quantum computational advantage over classical computers. If the IQP model can be efficiently simulated by a classical computer, an unlikely consequence in computer science can be obtained (under some unproven conjectures). In order to experimentally demonstrate the advantage using medium or large-scale IQP circuits, it is inevitable to efficiently verify whether the constructed IQP circuits faithfully work. There exist two types of IQP models, each of which is the sampling on hypergraph states or weighted graph states. For the first-type IQP model, polynomial-time verification protocols have already been proposed. In this paper, we propose verification protocols for the second-type IQP model. To this end, we propose polynomial-time fidelity estimation protocols of weighted graph states for each of the following four situations where a verifier can (i) choose any measurement basis and perform adaptive measurements, (ii) only choose restricted measurement bases and perform adaptive measurements, (iii) choose any measurement basis and only perform non-adaptive measurements, and (iv) only choose restricted measurement bases and only perform non-adaptive measurements. In all of our verification protocols, the verifier’s quantum operations are only single-qubit measurements. Since we assume no independent and identically distributed property on quantum states, our protocols work in any situation.
Light pollution – an interesting context for teaching and learning optics
Authors: Haagen-Schützenhöfer Claudia , Kopper Manuela 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Physics as a school subject is in general very unpopular. This fact is especially true for the situation in Austria. PISA results show that motivation, interest and self-efficacy of Austrian highschool students are significantly lower than the OECD average. In addition, a significant gender-gap in disadvantage for girls was shown. In general, one reason for low interest which was identified by previous research is that physics instruction is frequently decontextualized and students can hardly see any relevance of understanding physics for their lives. On the contrary, science and technology play a crucial and increasingly important role in our lives and in our globalized society. At the same time, edutainment focusing on science topics is booming. Interest studies like the ROSE-study may give reasons for this discrepancy: the choice of contexts does often not meet students’ interests. This contribution reports the development of a context-oriented learning environment on light pollution to stimulate learning processes and at the same time interest in introductory optics.
Using a smartphone to investigate classroom acoustics
Authors: Elejalde-García Maria Jesús , Macho-Stadler Erica 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present a proposal for active learning about environmental acoustics and room acoustics for high school and undergraduate students. Students work on the concepts of sound pressure level and reverberation time through a set of activities centred on speech communication in the school. For experimental work, they use smartphone applications for sound measurement. At the end of the work, students would be able to suggest some actions to improve the acoustic comfort in school. The students’ interest increases as they focus on their own experience. Moreover, they can apply and test the solutions that they propose.
From the dicey world to the physical laws: dice toy models for bridging microscopic and macroscopic understanding of physical phenomena
Authors: Onorato Pasquale , Gratton Luigi M , Oss Stefano , Malgieri Massimiliano 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We discuss an educational approach to some different physical phenomena that can be explained by means of stochastic toy models, and explored by students with rolling dice. The discussion of the physical principles governing the phenomena, proceeds through a recurrent comparison between the outcomes obtained with the toy models and the results of real experiments.
The educational proposal allows students to compare experimental data they obtain to both analytical results and simulations.
The effectiveness of our approach was tested both with groups of undergraduate students and with a group of on service teachers.
Analyzing the measurement error from false positives in the Force Concept Inventory
Authors: Yasuda J , Mae N , Hull M M , Taniguchi M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We analyze the measurement error due to false positives of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) focusing on four questions (Q.5, Q.6, Q.7, and Q.16). We determine whether or not a correct response to a given FCI question is a false positive using subquestions. Using the data of 1145 university students in Japan from 2015 to 2017, we find that the sum of the systematic error from the false positives of Q.5, Q.6, Q.7, and Q.16 is about 10% of the FCI score of a mid-level student. We consider what degree the error influences the measures of the effectiveness of a course, namely, the average normalized gain and Cohens’ d. Using a set of simulated data, we show that Cohens’ d is less sensitive to the systematic error due to false positives than the average normalized gain.