bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholinergic deficits and galaninergic hyperinnervation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body disorders
Authors: Alexandris A. S. , Walker L. , Liu A. K. L. , McAleese K. E. , Johnson M. , Pearce R. K. B. , Gentleman S. M. , Attems J. 
Published: August 2019

AimsGalanin is a highly inducible neuroprotective neuropeptide and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a network of galaninergic fibres has been reported to hypertrophy and hyperinnervate the surviving cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. We aimed to determine (i) the extent of galanin hyperinnervation in patients with AD and Lewy body disease and (ii) whether galanin expression relates to the neuropathological burden and cholinergic losses.MethodsGalanin immunohistochemistry was carried out in the anterior nucleus basalis of Meynert of 27 Parkinson’s disease (PD) cases without cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment [MCI]), 15 with PD with MCI, 42 with Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), 12 with Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 19 with AD, 12 mixed AD/DLB and 16 controls. Galaninergic innervation of cholinergic neurons was scored semiquantitatively. For a subgroup of cases (n = 60), cholinergic losses were determined from maximum densities of choline acetyltransferase positive (ChAT+ve) neurons and their projection fibres. Quantitative data for α‐synuclein, amyloid beta and tau pathology were obtained from tissue microarrays covering cortical/subcortical regions.ResultsSignificant losses of cholinergic neurons and their projection fibres were observed across all diseases. Galaninergic hyperinnervation was infrequent and particularly uncommon in established AD and DLB. We found that hyperinnervation frequencies are significantly higher in the transition between PD without MCI to PDD and that higher burdens of co‐existent AD pathology impair this galaninergic response.ConclusionsOur results suggest that galanin upregulation represents an intrinsic response early in Lewy body diseases but which fails with increasing burdens of AD related pathology.
Parents' and primary caregivers' conceptualizations of fever in children: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Villarejo‐Rodríguez María Gloria , Rodríguez‐Martín Beatriz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study was a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. The aim was to explore parents' and primary caregivers' knowledge and conceptualizations of fever in children aged between 0 and 12 years. A systematic literature search of the Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, BIREME, CUIDEN, ProQuest, and PsycINFO databases was undertaken for qualitative studies published in English or Spanish up to December 2018. Ten studies were included in the thematic synthesis. Parents' perceptions of their children's fever were classified according to three criteria: fever as a pathology, care for the febrile child, and the search for understandable and reliable information on this topic. Fever was perceived as being harmful to children's health and as a pathology that requires health care. Further studies are necessary to gather key information for improving health action plans and satisfaction with the care received. This information might help us to understand the management of fever and the related fears experienced by caregivers. These perceptions can be influenced by parents' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on fever and their previous experiences.
Systolic aortic root motion predicts response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Celikyurt Umut , Acar Burak , Hidayet Siho , Karauzum İrem , Karauzum Kurtulus , Vural Ahmet , Agacdiken Aysen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is recommended for patients with advanced chronic heart failure. Systolic aortic root motion (SARM) has been investigated in dilated cardiomyopathy patients and found that heart failure patients had reduced SARM. We aimed to investigate the relationship between SARM and response to CRT.MethodsFifty‐six patients with advanced heart failure, wide QRS complex, and LVEF ≤35% were included. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before, and repeated at 6 months in follow‐up. Systolic aortic root motion was measured in each patient before the device implantation. Echocardiographic response to CRT was defined by a ≥15% reduction in left ventricular end‐systolic volume at 6 months follow‐up.ResultsForty patients (71%) had CRT response after 6 months of follow‐up. In multivariate analysis, significant associates of response to CRT was evaluated adjusting for functional capacity, etiology of cardiomyopathy, QRS duration, baseline left ventricular dimensions/volumes and SARM. SARM was the only predictor of response to CRT (OR 1.818, 95% CI, 1.101‐3.003, P = .019).ConclusionsSARM predicts non‐response to CRT and may help in the selection of CRT candidates.
A data transfer method for improving seed identification of maize (Zea mays) haploid breeding based on genetic similarity
Authors: Lin Jianchu , Li Jinlong , Li Weijun , Qin Hong , Chen Shaojiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaize haploid breeding technology is able to identify haploid seeds non‐destructively, rapidly and at low cost with the help of Near‐infrared (NIR) spectral analysis. However, due to the hybridization of numerous parents and the low production rate of haploid, the haploid data collection becomes a burden for engineering this technology. Biologically, there are considerable similarities between the progeny of the same female parent and different male parents. Based on this advantage, similar spectral data can be transferred when the NIR technology is employed. A revised method of Transfer adaptive boost (TrAdaBoost) is proposed to improve identifying for the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) classifier. To avoid the negative transfer, a screening thresh is used to select out similar data, and the amount of these data are limited to join current training. The results show that the identification performances are improved significantly when the data amount is small. This method shows a high ability to make the seed identification more convenient for engineering maize haploid breeding.
The perceived impact of legalized cannabis on nursing workload in adult and pediatric emergency department visits: A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Wolf Lisa A. , Perhats Cydne , Clark Paul R. , Frankenberger Warren D. , Moon Michael D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate changes in emergency nursing workload related to cannabis ingestion or inhalation by adult and pediatric patients in states and bordering states where recreational cannabis is legal.DesignQualitative exploratory design using data collected from focus groups.SampleTwenty‐four English‐speaking emergency nurses over the age of 18 who provide direct care to patients and work in US emergency departments located in a state, or bordering state, where recreational cannabis use is legal.MeasurementsQualitative data were gathered using a semi‐structured interview format and analyzed using situational analysis.ResultsThe legalization of recreational cannabis in some US states is reported as resulting in an increase in patients presenting with cyclic vomiting syndromes, and increased difficulty in managing both associated behaviors and repetitive ED presentations. New presentations also include unintentional intoxication in both pediatric and geriatric populations. An unexpected finding was the displacement of local homeless populations by younger, indigent “cannabis tourists”; social services agencies might consider this while planning for cannabis legalization in their state or territory.ConclusionsTo protect public health and safety, regulatory efforts to standardize the formulation, dosing and labeling of cannabis products would be beneficial along with educational initiatives for both consumers and health care providers.
The influence of stimulus valence on perceptual processing of facial expressions and subsequent response inhibition
Authors: Stockdale Laura A. , Morrison Robert G. , Silton Rebecca L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe constant interplay between affective processing and cognitive control supports emotion regulation and appropriate social functioning. Even when affective stimuli are processed implicitly, threat‐related stimuli are prioritized in the earliest stages of processing; yet, it remains unclear how implicit attention to affect influences subsequent cognitive control functions. The present study evaluated the influence of affective valence on early perceptual processes and subsequent response inhibition in a context where affective properties of the stimuli (facial expressions) were not critical for performing the task. Participants (N = 32) completed an affective stop‐signal task (SST) while their scalp EEGs were recorded. The SST assessed response inhibition while participants implicitly attended to happy and afraid facial expressions that were matched for level of arousal. Behavioral performance was measured via response time and accuracy while physiological response was measured via the P100, N170, and N200/P300 ERP components. Decreased gender discrimination accuracy, delayed P100 latency, and more negative N170 amplitude were observed for afraid faces compared to happy faces, suggesting a shift in processing with respect to face valence. However, differences in stopping accuracy or N200/P300 ERP components during response inhibition were not observed, pointing to top‐down cognitive processes likely being recruited to override the early automatic response to prioritize threat‐related stimuli. Findings highlight that, in this implicit affective attention task, threat‐related stimuli are prioritized early during processing, but implicitly attending to differentially valenced stimuli did not modulate subsequent cognitive control functions.
Proximity (Mis)perception: Public Awareness of Nuclear, Refinery, and Fracking Sites
Authors: Lyons Benjamin A. , Akin Heather , Stroud Natalie Jomini 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhether on grounds of perceived safety, aesthetics, or overall quality of life, residents may wish to be aware of nearby energy sites such as nuclear reactors, refineries, and fracking wells. Yet people are not always accurate in their impressions of proximity. Indeed, our data show that only 54% of Americans living within 25 miles of a nuclear site say they do, and even fewer fracking‐proximal (30%) and refinery‐proximal (24%) residents respond accurately. In this article, we analyze factors that could either help people form more accurate perceptions or distort their impressions of proximity. We evaluate these hypotheses using a large national survey sample and corresponding geographic information system (GIS) data. Results show that among those living in close proximity to energy sites, those who perceive greater risk are less likely to report living nearby. Conversely, social contact with employees of these industries increases perceived proximity regardless of actual distance. These relationships are consistent across each site type we examine. Other potential factors—such as local news use—may play a role in proximity perception on a case‐by‐case basis. Our findings are an important step toward a more generalizable understanding of how the public forms perceptions of proximity to risk sites, showing multiple potential mechanisms of bias.
Economic Downturns and Hardline Public Opinion
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuro , Madrid‐Morales Dani , Asaba Yuki , Tago Atsushi 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveWith an aim of extending the scope of group threat theory from within‐country tensions between racial groups to international economic competition, this study specifically examined the impacts of perceived relative economic status of an in‐group country on attitudes about contentious political issues with a rival out‐group country.MethodsTwo survey experiments were administered, both of which manipulated Japanese participants’ perceptions of the relative economic powers of Japan and South Korea.ResultsWhen Japanese perceive that their country's economic power is declining relative to South Korea's economy, they demonstrate more hardline attitudes about territorial and historical issues between the two countries.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the applicability of group threat theory to bilateral international relations. It also suggests that public opinion about international conflicts is a function of the long‐term rebalancing of economic power, which cannot be easily influenced by short‐term policies.
Interobserver agreement between non‐cardiologist veterinarians and a cardiologist after a 6‐hour training course for echographic evaluation of basic echocardiographic parameters and caudal vena cava diameter in 15 healthy Beagles
Authors: Darnis Elodie , Merveille Anne Christine , Desquilbet Loïc , Boysen Soren , Gommeren Kris 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate cardiovascular focused assessment with sonography for trauma and triage (CV‐FAST) interobserver agreement for echocardiographic parameters and caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter measurement, between a cardiologist and 2 non‐cardiologists after a 6‐hour training course.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsFifteen healthy Beagle dogs.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsEchocardiography parameters were assessed via standardized views. Caudal vena cava was assessed via a subxiphoid window (CVC‐SubX) using 3 measurements (minimal and maximal CVC diameter, and collapsibility index) and via a dorsolateral window (CVC‐DL) using 1 measurement (CVC diameter). Bland–Altman analysis assessed agreement of each non‐cardiologist with the cardiologist; coefficients of variation (CoV) quantified variability between observers. The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) and CoVs were considered acceptable for left atrial diameter, left atrium to aortic ratio, normalized left ventricle diameter in diastole and systole but non‐acceptable for fractional shortening and pulmonary vein to pulmonary artery ratio. For CVC‐SubX, the 95% LOA for maximum CVC diameter were acceptable, while minimum CVC diameter and CVC collapsibility index were non‐acceptable. The CoVs were good for maximum and minimum CVC (7%) and poor for collapsibility index (37%). For CVC‐DL, the 95% LOA were non‐acceptable, although the CoV was considered good (11%).ConclusionsA 6‐hour training course in echocardiography allows non‐cardiologists to assess left atrial diameter, left atrium to aortic ratio, normalized left ventricle diameter in diastole and systole, and CVCmax of the CV‐FAST exam in healthy Beagles. Standardization of the CVC‐SubX technique and assessment of the impact of the respiratory phase on CVC diameter in dogs is needed. Further studies are required to determine whether interobserver agreement remains acceptable when including different breeds. Assessment of basic echocardiographic parameters and the CVC to estimate volume status in small animal medicine merits further clinical evaluation.
Fresh frozen plasma and platelet concentrate storage duration not associated with in hospital mortality risk
Authors: Ng Monica Suet Ying , Hay Karen , Choy Joleen , Middelburg Rutger A. , Tung John‐Paul , Fraser John Francis 
Published: August 2019

Background and ObjectivesTo date, the effects of FFP and PC storage duration on mortality have only been studied in a few studies in limited patient subpopulations. The aim of the current study was to determine whether FFP and PC storage duration is associated with increased in hospital mortality risk across cardiac surgery, acute medicine, ICU and orthopaedic surgery patients.Materials and MethodsTwo‐stage individual patient data meta‐analyses were performed to determine the effects of FFP and PC storage duration on in hospital mortality. Preset random effects models were used to determine pooled unadjusted and adjusted (adjusted for age, gender and units of product transfused) effect estimates.ResultsThe FFP storage duration analysis included 3625 patients across four studies. No significant association was observed between duration of storage and in hospital mortality in unadjusted analysis, but after adjusting for patient age, gender and units of product a small increased risk of in hospital mortality was observed for each additional month of storage (OR: 1·05, 95% CI: 1·01–1·08). This effect was no longer statistically significant when donor ABO blood group was incorporated into the random effects model on post hoc analyses. A total of 547 patients across five studies were incorporated in the PC storage duration analysis. No association was observed between PC storage duration and odds of in hospital morality (adjusted OR: 0·94, 95% CI: 0·79–1·11).ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to support shortening FFP or PC shelf life based on in hospital mortality.
Haemoglobin trajectories during pregnancy and associated outcomes using pooled maternity and hospitalization data from two tertiary hospitals
Authors: Randall Deborah A. , Patterson Jillian A. , Gallimore Felicity , Morris Jonathan M. , Simpson Judy M. , McGee Therese M. , Ford Jane B. ,   for the Obstetric Transfusion Steering Group
Published: August 2019

Background and objectivesThis study aimed to describe how haemoglobin trajectories in pregnant Australian women were associated with subsequent postpartum haemorrhage, blood transfusion and other outcomes.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted in two tertiary public hospitals in Australia, using routinely collected maternity and hospital data on singleton pregnancies (2011–2015). Latent class growth modelling defined trajectories among those with at least one haemoglobin in each of three antenatal time periods (0–15, 16–30 and 31+ weeks; n = 7104). Observed over expected ratios were calculated after predicting expected outcomes with adjusted logistic regression.ResultsThe mean minimum haemoglobin levels across the three periods were 127·9, 116·5 and 119·3 g/l. We identified seven groups of women with similar haemoglobin trajectories: five with parallel U‐shaped trajectories, one with increasing and one with decreasing trajectory. Thirty‐eight women (0.5%) had very low haemoglobin across the pregnancy and the highest adverse outcomes, including higher than expected blood transfusion risk. One hundred thirteen women (1.6%) with a progressively decreasing trajectory also had higher risk of transfusion. Women with high haemoglobin across the antenatal period had higher than expected risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age and infants transferred to higher care.ConclusionsHaemoglobin trajectories across pregnancy can predict women at higher risk of requiring transfusion around birth. Women who maintain high haemoglobins across the pregnancy are worthy of increased surveillance as they carry increased risks of newborn morbidity.
Motivation for donation among hospital blood donors and their attitude towards voluntary blood donation in State Government Hospitals, Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Ismaila Nda , Mamman Aisha Indo , Balogun Muhammad Shakir , Abubakar Aisha , Awwalu Sani , Kusfa Ibrahim Usman , Usman Aishat Bukola , Waziri Aliyu Dahiru , Muktar Haruna Mohammed 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundVoluntary blood donation (VBD) is critical to adequate blood supply. Public health facilities in Nigeria rely mostly on replacement blood donation. Motivation for blood donation among hospital donors was assessed, and factors that influence VBD were determined in Kaduna, Nigeria.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study on 361 blood donors in three selected hospitals. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of VBD at P < 0·05.ResultsThe major motivator (86·9%) for respondents was when relatives or friends required blood transfusion. About 86% (310) of the respondents had good attitude towards VBD. Having primary or no formal education [adjusted odds ratio {AOR} (95% CI): 0·35(0·12–0·98)] and those who were not in marital relationships [AOR (95% CI)]: 0·45 (0·21, 0·97) were less likely to have good attitude to VBD. Additional factors that hinder VBD were concerns that donated blood might be sold [AOR (95% CI)]: 0·11 (0·05, 0·24) and poor phlebotomy technique by personnel [AOR (95% CI)]: 0·10 (0·03, 0·41). However, repeat blood donors were more likely to have good attitude to VBD [AOR (95% CI)]: 4·22 (1·79, 9·94).ConclusionThe main motivator for respondents is when a family member or a friend needs blood transfusion. Low educational attainment, not been in a marital relationship, concerns that donated blood might be sold and fear of phlebotomy technique were deterrents to VBD. Appropriate blood donor education and providing conducive setting with skilled personnel could convert eligible replacement donors to voluntary donors.
THE OSTEOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF Azadirachta excelsa LEAVES EXTRACT ON BONE OF STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Azmi Nur Syimal`ain , Hashim Nooraain , Samsulrizal Nurdiana , Mohamad Zin Noor Syaffinaz Noor 
Published: August 2019

Insulin signalling in bone favours whole-body glucose homeostasis by activating osteocalcin, which is important for bone remodeling. However, diabetes causes deficient production of insulin which consequently affects the osteocalcin and bone turnover marker. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of A. excelsa to improve insulin and osteocalcin secretion, resulting in improved bone histomorphometric and bone turnover marker in STZ- induced diabetic rats. The experimental rats were divided into normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), Metformin-treated diabetic (DMET) (positive control) and A. excelsa-treated diabetic (DAE) rats with the treatment period of eight weeks. After the treatment, the femoral bones were removed and bone morphometrical parameters were defined using Micro-CT scan. The bones were analysed for mineral density (BMD) and trabecular parameters. The bones samples were decalcified for histological preparation and images of the was hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained bones were captured and analysed. The concentrations of serum insulin, osteocalcin and bone turnover marker were evaluated using specific ELISA kits. The study showed that A. excelsa caused a significant increase in insulin and osteocalcin levels. A. excelsa also represents ameliorative effects on trabecular bone of the diabetic rat. The data also demonstrated that with A. excelsa treatment, it moderately restored the balance between bone formation and bone resorption markers. These data confirmed that A. excelsa extract could attenuate the STZ-induced bone loss and reverses the deterioration of bone microarchitecture in diabetic rats. This finding indicates the osteoprotective effects presence in the A. excelsa extract.