bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical and Judd‐Ofelt spectroscopic study of Er3+‐doped strontium gadolinium gallium garnet single‐crystal
Authors: Piao Rui‐Qi , Wang Yan , Zhang Zi‐Bo , Zhang Chao‐Yang , Yang Xiao‐Fei , Zhang De‐Long 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEr3+‐doped strontium gadolinium gallium garnet (SrGdGa3O7) single‐crystal was grown by Czochralski method. The Er3+ concentration in the crystal was determined as 4.2 × 1021 ions/cm3 by inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy. Refractive index of the crystal was measured at the wavelengths of 633, 1311 and 1553 nm by prism coupling technique. The results show that the crystal is a positive uniaxial crystal with a birefringence of ~0.01, and the Sellmeier equation reported previously for the crystal doped with Nd3+ is also valid for the one doped with Er3+. Unpolarized absorption spectrum of the crystal was measured at room temperature and the Er3+ absorption cross‐section spectrum was calibrated from it. The Er3+ spectroscopic properties were studied by Judd‐Ofelt theory. Some fundamental spectroscopic parameters were obtained that include absorption coefficient and cross‐section spectral distributions, electronic transition oscillator strength, Judd‐Ofelt parameters, fluorescence branch ratio, transition probability, radiative and fluorescence lifetimes, and quantum efficiency.
Ferroelectric aging effects and large recoverable electrostrain in ceria‐doped BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Yan Kang , Wang Fangfang , Wu Dawei , Ren Xiaobing , Zhu Kongjun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFerroelectric aging is a phenomenon that is generally observed in acceptor‐doped ferroelectrics and usually produces a large recoverable electrostrain. In this work, using an oxide ionic conducting material, a Gd‐modified ceria solution (GDC), as a dopant, we find that GDC‐doped BaTiO3 ceramics exhibit ferroelectric aging behaviors at room temperature. These ceramics show double polarization hysteresis (P‐E) loops and sprout‐shaped recoverable strain vs electric field (S‐E) curves. GDC‐doped BT ceramic (3 mol%) produces a large recoverable electrostrain of 0.12% at 3 kV/cm. The large ions of Ce3+ and Gd3+, which have small electronegativity, lead to the high mobility of oxygen vacancies and a rapid symmetry conformation for short range ordering (SC‐SRO) of points defects, which appear as fast aging effects and a large electrostrain in GDC‐doped BT ceramics at room temperature.
Recent progress in the utilization of industrial waste and by‐products of citrus fruits: A review
Authors: Chavan Prasad , Singh Avdesh Kumar , Kaur Gagandeep 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCitrus fruits are major processed fruits in the world that results in generation of large quantities of by‐products, which are rich sources of soluble sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and essential oils. However, very large amount of residues is end up at agriculture field or dumping pit as waste. The present review highlights the technologies and processes for utilization of the citrus by‐products viz., feed for extraction of essential oils, charcoal and bio‐oil production, hydrogen syngas etc. Citrus pulp a very effective agent for removal of metals and chemicals in and effluent generated by industries by adsorption technique. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell developed by synthesis of activated carbon from citrus pulp is considered to be next generation potential power. In order to make rational use of this valuable resource and protect the environment, the present study aims at comprehensive utilization of this value added by‐products.Practical ApplicationsIn the present scenario of fast developing world, the generation of waste is increasing day by day in large quantities which influences the heath of ecosystem and ultimately the human health. Adaptation of advanced technologies and processes is not only a technique of waste management but also generate an alternative to environment polluting substances through development of craft paper, biodiesel, activated carbon along with development of value added food products such as extruded, pectin extraction, essential oils, etc. Increased scope of product development increases the overall returns to manufacturer, employment generation and sustainable socio‐economic development and maintains environmental stability.
Modeling sterilization value and nutrient degradation in the thermal processing of liquid foods under diffusive laminar flow with associations of tubular heat exchangers
Authors: Dantas Jorge Aliomar Trocoli Abdon , Gut Jorge Andrey Wilhelms 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThermal processing of a liquid food under diffusive laminar flow was modeled coupling fluid flow, heat transfer, diffusion, and inactivation/degradation kinetics. Model considers associated countercurrent tubular exchangers for heating and cooling and the holding tube. Axial and radial distributions of temperature and concentration in the food product (non‐Newtonian power‐law flow) were accounted and parameters for effective diffusion of heat and mass were used to model enhanced transfer from corrugate tubes or coils. Heat exchanged with environment was included. A case study of 40.2 °Brix blackberry juice pasteurization is presented, and results discussed. Influence of effective diffusivities, inlet heating media temperature and product flow rate were analyzed, and it was possible to minimize anthocyanin degradation while meeting food safety requirements (5‐log reduction on yeasts) considering the contributions from the whole process.Practical applicationsMathematical modeling of a chemical process based on first principles, also called physical or phenomenological models, is a powerful tool to couple fluid flow, heat transfer, mass diffusion, and reaction kinetics, thus creating a virtual prototype of the process that is useful for design, analysis, control, and optimization. The model presented considers important features that are often neglected in process design, but without unnecessarily increasing complexity and computational requirements, such as in a CFD model (computational fluid dynamics) that requires a detailed representation of the geometry and specialized software and hardware for simulation. Lower computational times allow the use of this model to solve optimization or predictive control problems with a reliable representation of transport phenomena and reaction kinetics.
Effect of Relocation on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Elderly Adults Living in Long‐Term Care
Authors: Haddad Kamal El , de Souto Barreto Philipe , Gerard Stephane , Prouff Aurelie , Vellas Bruno , Rolland Yves 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVESTo determine the evolution of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in nursing home (NH) residents after an environmental change through a relocation to a more architecturally suitable facility, while conserving the same medical staff.DESIGNProspective, single arm study.SETTINGLong‐term care unit.PARTICIPANTSNH residents (N=116; median age 82.3, range 75.5–89.2; median Neuropsychiatric Inventory for the Nursing Home (NPI/NH) score 22, range 11–34.5; 66.3% female), of whom 102 lived in regular units and 14 in specialized care units (SCUs).MEASUREMENTSNeuropsychiatric symptoms were evaluated as part of a comprehensive geriatric assessment for each resident 1 week before the relocation and 3 times after the relocation (1, 4, 12 weeks) using the NPI/NH.RESULTSA mixed‐effect linear model found no significant change in global NPI/NH score in the regular unit and a significant decrease in overall NPI/NH score 4 weeks after relocation in the SCUs (β‐coefficient for time by SCU=–11.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)=−17.9–5.2, p < .001), reaching a total decrease of 13 points by 12 weeks after relocation (β‐coefficient for time by SCU=–12.8, 95% CI=−19.1–6.4, p < .001). A statistically significant decrease of 3 points for disinhibition, apathy, and agitation accompanied the NPI/NH score in the secured unit. An increase of 3 points in aberrant motor behavior was seen by 12 weeks after relocation in the SCU.CONCLUSIONRelocation to an architecturally different facility significantly reduced BPSD of NH residents 1 month after relocation. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2183–2187, 2018.
Astrocyte support is important for the compensatory potential of the nigrostriatal system neurons during early neurodegeneration
Authors: Kuter Katarzyna , Olech Łukasz , Głowacka Urszula , Paleczna Martyna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlial pathology precedes symptoms of Parkinson's disease and multiple other neurodegenerative diseases. Prolonged impairment of astrocytic functions could increase the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), accelerate their degeneration and affect ability to compensate for partial degeneration at the presymptomatic stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the astrocyte depletion in the SN, its impact on the dopaminergic system functioning and multiple markers of energy metabolism during the early stages of neurodegeneration and compensation. We induced death of 30% of astrocytes by chronic infusion of fluorocitrate (FC) into the SN, simultaneously activating microglia response but sparing the dopaminergic neurons. The FC effect was reversible after toxin withdrawal. Dopaminergic neurons were killed by 6‐hydroxydopamine causing transient locomotor disability, reversed with time showing compensatory potential. Death of astrocytes diminished the capability of the dopaminergic system to compensate for the degeneration of neurons and caused a local energy deprivation by decreasing lactate and glycogen amount. Studied markers suggest a shift in the usage of energy substrates, via increased glycogenolysis and glycolysis markers, ketone bodies availability and fatty acid transport in remaining cells. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1α (PGC‐1alpha) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), the energy sensors, showed different regulation between the cell‐types. Increased neuronal expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1c could play a role in the adaptation to metabolic stress in response to glia dysfunction. Astrocyte energetic support is one of the essential factors for neuronal compensatory mechanisms of dopaminergic system and might have a leading role in the presymptomatic Parkinson's disease stages.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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The Dark Side of Deeply Meaningful Work: Work‐Relationship Turmoil and the Moderating Role of Occupational Value Homophily
Authors: Oelberger Carrie R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHow are close personal relationships experienced by people in deeply meaningful work? Drawing upon in‐depth interview data with 82 international aid workers, I offer three distinct contributions. First, I find that people who experience their work as deeply meaningful have high work devotion. I identify boundary inhibition as a mechanism to explain why they participate more willingly in overwork and erratic work, despite giving rise to time‐ and trust‐based conflict in their relationships. Second, I find that people with high work devotion often also experience emotional distance in their personal relationships when their close others don’t value their work – a context I call occupational value heterophily. This disconnection‐based conflict compounds the time‐ and trust‐based conflict and engenders an emotionally agonizing situation, which I call work‐relationship turmoil. Third, when close others do value their partner’s work – a context I call occupational value homophily – it fosters an emotional connection and offers an avenue for work‐relationship enrichment. These findings draw upon deeply meaningful work to detail the multi‐faceted work‐relationship experience among those with high work devotion.
A Prosthesis Retention System for Full‐Arch, Fixed, Implant‐Supported Prosthesis
Authors: Massad Joseph , Wicks Russell , Ahuja Swati , Cagna David R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFull‐arch, fixed, implant‐supported prostheses can be designed to be cement‐ or screw‐retained. Both retention mechanisms have a few inherent disadvantages. A fixed attachment system has been introduced to circumvent the disadvantages of both screw and cement retention. This system eliminates the screw access holes and the use of cement. The number of intraoral procedures required is also reduced. The purpose of this article is to report a case using the Locator F‐Tx Attachment System to facilitate fabrication of an esthetic, clinician‐retrievable, full‐arch implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis.
Motor impairments in children: More than just the clumsy child
Authors: Spittle Alicia J , FitzGerald Tara , Mentiplay Benjamin , Williams Jacqueline , Licari Melissa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDevelopmental co‐ordination disorder is a motor skill disorder that affects an estimated 5–6% of children but lacks recognition and understanding, leading to under‐diagnosis. Essential for diagnosis is a marked impairment in motor co‐ordination that significantly impacts daily living, including education. Although ‘clumsiness’ is often dismissed, the impact of this disorder is significant and extends beyond motor skills into physical and psychological health and educational and vocational success. This is discussed here with regard to the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This review also discusses the importance of an accurate, early diagnosis and factors that inhibit this; dual diagnosis with comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders; the multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and the role of the paediatrician within this; and current evidence regarding the most effective interventions.
Recognition of attachment difficulties and developmental trauma is the responsibility of all paediatricians
Authors: Kaiser Samantha , Zimmet Marcel , Fraser Jolene , Liddle Karen , Roberts Gehan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article provides an overview of attachment theory, developmental trauma and trauma‐informed care for paediatricians. The impact of difficult or impoverished parent–child relationships on brain development and long‐term health is now well known. Recent neuroscience research reveals the adverse neurological impacts of developmental trauma and supports the biological basis of attachment theory. There is also an increasing body of evidence that childhood adversity is common and impacts physical and mental health throughout the life‐span. Comprehensive paediatric assessment should include an understanding of attachment difficulties and developmental trauma. Viewing children and their families through a ‘trauma‐informed lens’ can provide critical insights into their clinical presentation and care needs. All paediatricians should be providing and practicing trauma‐informed care.
Specific learning disability
Authors: McDowell Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpecific learning disabilities (SLD) have an impact on discrete areas of academic function. They result in a level of difficulty that is unexpected when considered in the context of a student's overall intellectual and academic competence. A common example is dyslexia, an SLD that affects the acquisition of literacy. Medical professionals have an important role to play in the evaluation and management of SLD. The medical role is founded on the fact that these conditions are biologically based and have the potential to cause significant harm for the developing child. Even if details of biological causation are not possible to demonstrate for individual children, medical professionals may, nevertheless, make an important judgement call regarding the likelihood of aetiology. When learning problems are medically based, it is clearly unreasonable to expect children to do more than they are able and to learn faster than is reasonable. Advocacy around these biological presumptions and their implications is a major contribution to the well‐being of children who have SLD.
Ultrasound‐guided catheterization of the femoral artery in a canine model of acute hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Pavlisko Noah D. , Soares João Henrique N. , Henao‐Guerrero Natalia P. , Williamson Ellen J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a technique for gaining ultrasound‐guided access to the femoral artery in an experimental model of acute hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized dogs.Case Series SummaryFive healthy, purpose‐bred adult male intact Beagles were enrolled in a respiratory mechanics study under general anesthesia. Upon completion of the primary study a hypovolemic state was induced by blood removal to achieve a mean arterial pressure ≤ 55 mm Hg. Dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency with the hind limb extended caudally. An ultrasound probe was applied to the medial aspect of the hind limb and positioned in the transverse orientation so that the femoral artery was visualized in its short axis. The artery was identified by lack of compression and presence of visible pulsation. The probe was rotated 90° into the longitudinal orientation such that the artery was visualized in its long axis. Under ultrasound guidance a 19‐gauge introducer needle was advanced into the lumen of the femoral artery. Using a modified Seldinger technique the needle was removed and a catheter was placed in the femoral artery. Correct placement of the catheter was verified by observation of the characteristic arterial blood pressure waveform. Upon completion of the study dogs were humanely euthanized. The femoral artery was successfully catheterized in 4/5 dogs and a hematoma was reported in 1/5 dogs.New or Unique Information ProvidedUltrasound‐guided femoral artery catheterization is feasible on anesthetized dogs with concurrent acute hemorrhagic shock.
Comparative blood donation knowledge attitudes and practice surveys from two multi‐ethnic communities
Authors: Charles Kenneth S. , Bhagwansingh Sudha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA recently published blood donation knowledge, attitudes and practice community survey from a developing country with family replacement donation were repeated in a developed country with exclusively voluntary non‐remunerated blood donors (VNRD). Higher altruism, information, access and percentage donors were observed in the VNRD‐based system. A family member or friend in need of blood was a powerful incentive for VNRDs. The importance of information, convenience and a regulatory pathway for VNRD was confirmed. Family replacement donation could be used to attract first‐time donors before conversion to regular VNRDs.
The postnatal development of ultrasonic vocalization‐associated breathing is altered in glycine transporter 2‐deficient mice
Authors: Hülsmann Swen , Oke Yoshihiko , Mesuret Guillaume , Latal A. Tobias , Fortuna Michal G. , Niebert Marcus , Hirrlinger Johannes , Fischer Julia , Hammerschmidt Kurt 
Published: October 2018

Key points
Newborn mice produce ultrasonic vocalization to communicate with their mother.
The neuronal glycine transporter (GlyT2) is required for efficient loading of synaptic vesicles in glycinergic neurons.
Mice lacking GlyT2 develop a phenotype that resembles human hyperekplexia and the mice die in the second postnatal week.
In the present study, we show that GlyT2‐knockout mice do not acquire adult ultrasonic vocalization‐associated breathing patterns.
Despite the strong impairment of glycinergic inhibition, they can produce sufficient expiratory airflow to produce ultrasonic vocalization.
Because mouse ultrasonic vocalization is a valuable read‐out in translational research, these data are highly relevant for a broad range of research fields.
AbstractMouse models are instrumental with respect to determining the genetic basis and neural foundations of breathing regulation. To test the hypothesis that glycinergic synaptic inhibition is required for normal breathing and proper post‐inspiratory activity, we analysed breathing and ultrasonic vocalization (USV) patterns in neonatal mice lacking the neuronal glycine transporter (GlyT2). GlyT2‐knockout (KO) mice have a profound reduction of glycinergic synaptic currents already at birth, develop a severe motor phenotype and survive only until the second postnatal week. At this stage, GlyT2‐KO mice are smaller, have a reduced respiratory rate and still display a neonatal breathing pattern with active expiration for the production of USV. By contrast, wild‐type mice acquire different USV‐associated breathing patterns that depend on post‐inspiratory control of air flow. Nonetheless, USVs per se remain largely indistinguishable between both genotypes. We conclude that GlyT2‐KO mice, despite the strong impairment of glycinergic inhibition, can produce sufficient expiratory airflow to produce ultrasonic vocalization.
Class 1 Integron-Borne Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance Carried by IncFI and IncL/M Plasmids in
Salmonella enterica
Serotype Typhimurium
Authors: Tosini Fabio , Visca Paolo , Luzzi Ida , Dionisi Anna Maria , Pezzella Cristina , Petrucca Andrea , Carattoli Alessandra 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

The presence and genetic content of integrons were investigated for 37 epidemiologically unrelated multiple-drug-resistant strains of
Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhimurium from humans. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim, as well as to tetracycline and/or nalidixic acid; 20% of them were also resistant to gentamicin and amikacin. Three different class 1 integrons (In-t1, In-t2, and In-t3) were identified by Southern blot hybridization, PCR, and DNA sequencing, and these integrons were found to carry the
aadB
,
catB3
,
oxa1
,
aadA1a
,
aacA4
, and
aacC1
gene cassettes. Integrons In-t1 (
aadB
and
catB3
) and In-t2 (
oxa1
and
aadA1a
) were both located on a conjugative IncFI plasmid of 140 kb. In-t3 (
aacA4
,
aacC1
, and
aadAIa
) was located on an IncL/M plasmid of 100 kb which was present, in association with the IncFI plasmid, in gentamicin- and amikacin-resistant isolates. Despite the extensive similarity at the level of the antibiotic resistance phenotype, integrons were not found on the prototypic IncFI plasmids carried by epidemic
Salmonella
strains isolated during the late 1970s. The recent appearance and the coexistence of multiple integrons on two conjugative plasmids in the same
Salmonella
isolate are examples of how mobile gene cassettes may contribute to the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.