bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of open and laparoscopic appendectomy according to the trimester of pregnancy: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Sugai Shunya , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Aso Shotaro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yoshihara Kosuke , Nishijima Koji 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for acute appendicitis during pregnancy by trimester.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan. We identified pregnant women diagnosed with appendicitis who underwent OA or LA from 2010 to 2022. Pathological confirmation of appendicitis was not required for inclusion. The patients were categorized by the trimester of pregnancy. Outcomes were compared using multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equations.ResultsA total of 1624 patients were included. In the first trimester, 64.2% patients underwent OA, whereas 35.8% patients underwent LA; in the second trimester, 59.1% patients had OA and 40.9% patients had LA; and in the third trimester, 72.8% patients had OA and 27.2% patients had LA. LA was associated with a higher rate of preterm labor, preterm delivery, or abortion in the second (odds ratio, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.76–6.47; and p < 0.001) and third trimesters (odds ratio, 2.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–5.70; and p = 0.021) but not in the first trimester. The duration of surgery was longer across all trimesters in patients who underwent LA. Additionally, the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in patients who had LA than in those who had OA in the second trimester.ConclusionsIn‐hospital outcomes vary by trimester, and our results suggest that LA does not consistently lead to better outcomes than OA. Based on our findings, treatment options for appendicitis during pregnancy must be carefully selected.
Difference equations and integral families for Witten diagrams
Authors: Alaverdian Mark , Herderschee Aidan , Roiban Radu , Teng Fei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We show that tree-level and one-loop Mellin space correlators in anti-de Sitter space obey certain difference equations, which are the direct analog to the differential equations for Feynman loop integrals in the flat space. Finite-difference relations, which we refer to as “summation-by-parts relations”, in parallel with the integration-by-parts relations for Feynman loop integrals, are derived to reduce the integrals to a basis. We illustrate the general methodology by explicitly deriving the difference equations and summation-by-parts relations for various tree-level and one-loop Witten diagrams up to the four-point bubble level.
Higher derivative heterotic supergravity on a torus and supersymmetry
Authors: Jayaprakash Sabarenath , Liu James T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ignoring ten-dimensional heterotic gauge fields, heterotic supergravity reduced on a d-dimensional torus gives rise to a half-maximal supergravity coupled to d vector multiplets. The reduced theory has a continuous O(d, d; ℝ)/O(d)− × O(d)+ symmetry that persists to all perturbative orders in the string α′ expansion. We highlight this symmetry by explicitly reducing the bosonic sector of four-derivative heterotic supergravity as well as its fermionic supersymmetry variations. After appropriate field redefinitions, the resulting action and supersymmetry variations are manifestly O(d)− × O(d)+ invariant. This reduction allows us to explore the interplay between the gravity and vector multiplets beyond leading order, where (in our conventions) O(d)− is the supergravity R-symmetry while O(d)+ is a flavor symmetry of the d vector multiplets.
Sprachentwicklungstest für zweijährige Kinder (2;0–2;11 Jahre) – Auswertung multizentrischer Daten von Kindern mit Cochleaimplantat nach bilateraler Versorgung
Authors: Kröger Stefanie , Aschendorff Antje , Glaubitz Cynthia , Kreibohm-Strauß Kerstin , Kronesser Dominique , Seebens Yvonne , Streicher Barbara , Overlach Fabian , Rother Stephanie , Beck Rainer 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein zeitgerechter Spracherwerb ist eines der Kernziele der Rehabilitation bei Kindern, die mit einem Cochleaimplantat (CI) versorgt wurden. Verschiedene Testverfahren werden zur Beurteilung herangezogen, so auch der Sprachentwicklungstest für zweijährige Kinder (SETK-2). Alle Verfahren wurden an normalhörenden Kindern normiert, zusätzlich erfolgt die Auswertung teils nach Lebensalter, teils gemäß Zeitraum nach der CI-Versorgung (Höralter). In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird momentan bestehende Praxis beschrieben und soweit möglich bewertet.

Material/Methode
In einer multizentrischen retrospektiven Studie wurden von 5 CI-Centren 375 Datensätze des SETK‑2 von kongenital tauben und bilateral mit CI versorgten Kindern erhoben. Alle wurden vor Vollendung des 4. Lebensjahres versorgt, der Abstand betrug bei bilateraler CI-Versorgung weniger als 12 Monate.

Ergebnisse
Alle Subtests der betrachteten Gruppen schnitten mit Ausnahme des Verstehens für Wörter in der Auswertung nach Hör- und Lebensalter signifikant schlechter als die Normstichprobe ab. Einzelergebnisse zeigten gleich gute oder sogar bessere Leitungen im Vergleich zur Normstichprobe. Je komplexer die geprüfte Leistung war, desto höher war der Anteil der auffälligen Testergebnisse. Der Zeitpunkt der Implantation zeigte keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Testergebnisse.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Auswertung des SETK‑2 sollte nach Lebensalter erfolgen, da sonst die Entwicklung im frühen Spracherwerb falsch eingeschätzt und Interventionen zu spät initiiert werden könnten. Außerdem lässt die Beurteilung nach Höralter die Kognition des Kindes außer Acht.
The use of automated insulin delivery around physical activity and exercise in type 1 diabetes: a position statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD)
Authors: Moser Othmar , Zaharieva Dessi P. , Adolfsson Peter , Battelino Tadej , Bracken Richard M. , Buckingham Bruce A. , Danne Thomas , Davis Elizabeth A. , Dovč Klemen , Forlenza Gregory P. , Gillard Pieter , Hofer Sabine E. , Hovorka Roman , Jacobs Peter G. , Mader Julia K. , Mathieu Chantal , Nørgaard Kirsten , Oliver Nick S. , O’Neal David N. , Pemberton John , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi , Sherr Jennifer L. , Sourij Harald , Tauschmann Martin , Yardley Jane E. , Riddell Michael C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Regular physical activity and exercise (PA) are cornerstones of diabetes care for individuals with type 1 diabetes. In recent years, the availability of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems has improved the ability of people with type 1 diabetes to achieve the recommended glucose target ranges. PA provide additional health benefits but can cause glucose fluctuations, which challenges current AID systems. While an increasing number of clinical trials and reviews are being published on different AID systems and PA, it seems prudent at this time to collate this information and develop a position statement on the topic. This joint European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)/International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) position statement reviews current evidence on AID systems and provides detailed clinical practice points for managing PA in children, adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes using AID technology. It discusses each commercially available AID system individually and provides guidance on their use in PA. Additionally, it addresses different glucose responses to PA and provides stratified therapy options to maintain glucose levels within the target ranges for these age groups.

Graphical Abstract
Kinetic description of flow detachment at a smooth micro-step: the near-free-molecular regime
Authors: Ben-Adva D. , Tatsios G. , Manela A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the pressure-driven steady gas flow, imposed by temperature or density gradients, over a backward-facing step in a two-dimensional microchannel. Focusing on the near-free-molecular regime of high Knudsen (

$$\textrm{Kn}$$

Kn

) numbers, the problem is analyzed asymptotically based on the Bhatnagar, Gross and Krook kinetic model, and supported by numerical Discrete Velocity Method and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo calculations. The wall conditions are formulated using the Maxwell model, superposing specular and diffuse surface conditions. The asymptotic solution contains the leading-order free-molecular description and a first-order integral representation of the near-free-molecular correction. Our results indicate that flow separation at the step can occur at arbitrarily large (yet finite) Knudsen numbers in channels with specular surfaces (i.e., having an accommodation coefficient of

$$\alpha = 0$$

α
=
0

), driven by temperature differences between the inlet and outlet reservoirs. It is then shown that detachment is significantly suppressed by density variations between reservoirs and partially diffuse surfaces (with

$$\alpha \gtrsim 0.3$$

α
≳
0.3

). While the mass flow rate in a specular channel decreases with decreasing

$$\mathrm {Kn\gg 1}$$

Kn
≫
1

in a density-driven setup (in line with the Knudsen Paradox), it increases in a temperature-driven flow. The results are obtained for arbitrary differences between the inlet and outlet reservoir equilibrium properties, and are rationalized using the linearized problem formulation.
Analysis And Spectral Theory Of Neck-Stretching Problems
Authors: Langlais Thibault 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the mapping properties of a large class of elliptic operators

$$P_T$$

P
T

in gluing problems where two non-compact manifolds with asymptotically cylindrical geometry are glued along a neck of length 2T. In the limit where

$$T \rightarrow \infty $$

T
→
∞

, we reduce the question of constructing approximate solutions of

$$P_T u = f$$

P
T

u
=
f

to a finite-dimensional linear system, and provide a geometric interpretation of the obstructions to solving this system. Under some assumptions on the real roots of the model operator

$$P_0$$

P
0

on the cylinder, we construct a Fredholm inverse for

$$P_T$$

P
T

with good control on the growth of its norm. As applications of our method, we study the decay rate and density of the low eigenvalues of the Laplacian acting on differential forms, and give improved estimates for compact

$$G_2$$

G
2

-manifolds constructed by twisted connected sum. We relate our results to the swampland distance conjectures in physics.
An empirical assessment of the role of independence filters in temporal activity analyses using camera trapping data
Authors: Smith Kyle 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Independence filters are commonly applied to camera trapping data when determining the temporal activity patterns of species or populations. However, recent research challenges the validity of independence filters, stating that it leads to flawed inferences of temporal activity patterns and a substantial reduction in sample sizes, and should not be used. This study presents an empirical counter-argument using data from Snapshot Serengeti. By manually applying 60-minute independence filters, common behaviours influencing the reliability of activity patterns derived from density-based analyses in African savanna species were identified. Results showed that applying independence filters primarily leads to decreased midday activity densities, mainly due to herding behaviour and the prevalent use of shade in a tree-sparse savanna. Idle herds or individuals that feed or rest in front of camera traps also influenced derived activity patterns. Furthermore, it is confirmed that adequate sample sizes are generally maintained after applying independence filters. The findings from this study highlight the shortcomings of the recent research disputing the use of independence filters in temporal activity analyses and underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach of inspecting data, understanding species behaviour, and considering regional environmental characteristics. This will ensure more accurate representations of species’ true temporal activity patterns.
Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination and Related Factors Among People who Inject Drugs, San Francisco, 2022
Authors: Sadaat Said Iftekhar , Marr Alexander , Mirzazadeh Ali , Suprasert Bow , Tate Moranda , Wilson Erin , McFarland Willi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We assessed the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in a community-recruited sample of people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Francisco in 2022. Overall, 72.4% (95% CI 64.6–80.3) were vaccinated for COVID-19. Independent predictors of vaccination were age 65 years and older (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 9.7, 95% CI 2.2–28.7) and ever testing positive for COVID-19 (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.5). Homelessness was associated with lower COVID-19 vaccination (AOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.8). Our study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address unique challenges faced by PWID in accessing COVID-19 vaccination, particularly for those experiencing homelessness and who are younger.
Recovering population of the southern sea otter suppresses a global marine invader
Authors: Jeppesen Rikke , de Rivera Catherine E. , Grosholz Edwin D. , Tinker M. Tim , Hughes Brent B. , Eby Ron , Wasson Kerstin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding the role of apex predators on ecosystems is essential for designing effective conservation strategies. Supporting recovery of apex predators can have many benefits; one that has been rarely examined is control of invasive prey. We investigated whether a recovering apex predator, the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), can exert local control over a global marine invader, the green crab (Carcinus maenas). We determined that southern sea otters in Elkhorn Slough estuary in California can consume large numbers of invasive green crabs and found strong negative relationships in space and time between otter and green crab abundance. Green crabs persisted at highest abundance in this estuary at sites with artificial tidal restriction that were not accessible to otters. Green crab abundance remained lower in this estuary than in all other estuaries in the region, which lack resident sea otters. Conservation organizations and agencies have invested heavily in recovery of southern sea otters, increasing their numbers in this estuary. Restoration of natural tidal exchange, lost marshes, and seagrass beds further support sea otter populations. We have demonstrated that these investments in top predator recovery and habitat restoration have reduced the impacts of a global invader. Our investigation highlights that investment in recovery of top predators can increase beneficial food web interactions and resilience of the entire ecosystem.
Service and Treatment Factors as Predictors of Satisfaction with Mental Health Services Among Service Users with Psychosis
Authors: Skar-Fröding Regina , Clausen Hanne Kristin , Biringer Eva , Ruud Torleif , Šaltyte Benth Jurate , Veland Mina , S. Heiervang Kristin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSatisfaction with services among service users is an important aspect of quality in mental health care. This prospective study investigated associations between service and treatment factors at baseline and satisfaction with services at 18-month follow-up among service users with psychosis in specialist mental health services. Data were collected from 119 service users with psychosis and their clinicians from 26 clinical sites across Norway at baseline and after 18 months. Satisfaction with services was measured using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8). Linear mixed models with random intercepts for units were estimated to test the association between service- and treatment-related predictors and the CSQ-8. Participating in the Individual Placement and Support program or other interventions to promote work or study, receiving well-coordinated services, and receiving helpful assistance from a general practitioner at baseline were positively associated with satisfaction with services at 18-month follow-up. The present results suggest that receiving integrated and well-coordinated services and targeting the goal of facilitating employment and study opportunities is important for satisfaction with services among service users with psychosis.
The Archaeology of Cannibalism: a Review of the Taphonomic Traits Associated with Survival and Ritualistic Cannibalism
Authors: Bello Silvia M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTaphonomic studies of osteoarchaeological human assemblages have mainly focused on establishing recognisable markers that allow us to discriminate between humanly induced modifications from natural causes, or how to differentiate cannibalism from secondary burial. Less attention has been dedicated to recognise specific taphonomic patterns associated with the different motivations for cannibalism. In this paper, I present a review of archaeological human assemblages whose induced modifications have been interpreted either as survival or ritualistic cannibalism, based on their association with historic and ethnographic evidence. The broad range of different butchery and modification patterns observed for these assemblages suggests that the osteological evidence and the frequency of taphonomic traits alone cannot be used to unequivocally identify different forms of cannibalism. However, the environmental, historical and archaeological contexts can offer indications on the type of cannibalism practiced. In particular, the strongest arguments for cannibalism as a survival event are found within the environmental context and the opportunistic behaviour associated with the cannibalistic act. On the other hand, evidence for ritualistic cannibalism comes from its recurrent appearance within a historical context, as a widespread activity over time and as an established customary behaviour for the group involved.
Stable Periodic Orbits for Delay Differential Equations with Unimodal Feedback
Authors: Benedek Gábor , Krisztin Tibor , Szczelina Robert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe consider delay differential equations of the form $$ y^{\prime }(t)=-ay(t)+bf(y(t-1)) $$

y
′

(
t
)

=
-
a
y

(
t
)

+
b
f

(
y

(
t
-
1
)

)

with positive parameters a, b and a unimodal $$f:[0,\infty )\rightarrow [0,1]$$

f
:
[
0
,
∞
)
→
[
0
,
1
]

. It is assumed that the nonlinear f is close to a function $$g:[0,\infty )\rightarrow [0,1]$$

g
:
[
0
,
∞
)
→
[
0
,
1
]

with $$g(\xi )=0$$

g
(
ξ
)
=
0

for all $$\xi >1$$

ξ
>
1

. The fact $$g(\xi )=0$$

g
(
ξ
)
=
0

for all $$\xi >1$$

ξ
>
1

allows to construct stable periodic orbits for the equation $$x^{\prime }(t)=-cx(t)+dg(x(t-1))$$

x
′

(
t
)

=
-
c
x

(
t
)

+
d
g

(
x

(
t
-
1
)

)

with some parameters $$d>c>0$$

d
>
c
>
0

. Then it is shown that the equation $$ y^{\prime }(t)=-ay(t)+bf(y(t-1)) $$

y
′

(
t
)

=
-
a
y

(
t
)

+
b
f

(
y

(
t
-
1
)

)

also has a stable periodic orbit provided a, b, f are sufficiently close to c, d, g in a certain sense. The examples include $$f(\xi )=\frac{\xi ^k}{1+\xi ^n}$$

f

(
ξ
)

=

ξ
k

1
+

ξ
n

for parameters $$k>0$$

k
>
0

and $$n>0$$

n
>
0

together with the discontinuous $$g(\xi )=\xi ^k$$

g

(
ξ
)

=

ξ
k

for $$\xi \in [0,1)$$

ξ
∈
[
0
,
1
)

, and $$g(\xi )=0$$

g
(
ξ
)
=
0

for $$\xi >1$$

ξ
>
1

. The case $$k=1$$

k
=
1

is the famous Mackey–Glass equation, the case $$k>1$$

k
>
1

appears in population models with Allee effect, and the case $$k\in (0,1)$$

k
∈
(
0
,
1
)

arises in some economic growth models. The obtained stable periodic orbits may have complicated structures.
Comparison of the power and type 1 error of total score models for drug effect detection in clinical trials
Authors: Haem Elham , Karlsson Mats O. , Ueckert Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Composite scale data consists of numerous categorical questions/items that are often summed as a total score and are commonly utilized as primary endpoints in clinical trials. These endpoints are conceptually discrete and constrained by nature. Item response theory (IRT) is a powerful approach for detecting drug effects in composite scale data from clinical trials, but estimating all parameters requires a large sample size and all item information, which may not be available. Therefore, total score models are often utilized. The most popular total score models are continuous variable (CV) models, but this strategy establishes assumptions that go against the integer nature, and typically also the bounded nature, of data. Bounded integer (BI) and Coarsened grid (CG) models respect the nature of the data. However, their power to detect drug effects has not been as thoroughly studied in clinical trials. When an IRT model is accessible, IRT-informed models (I-BI and I-CV) are promising methods in which the mean and variability of the total score at any position are extracted from the existing IRT model. In this study, total score data were simulated from the MDS-UPDRS motor subscale. Then, the power, type 1 error, and treatment effect bias of six total score models for detecting drug effects in clinical trials were explored. Further, it was investigated how the power, type 1 of error, and treatment effect bias for the I-BI and I-CV models were affected by mis-specified item information from the IRT model. The I-BI model demonstrated the highest statistical power, maintained an acceptable Type I error rate, and exhibited minimal bias, approaching zero. Following that, the I-CV, BI, and CG with Czado transformation (CG_Czado) models provided the maximum power. However, the CG_Czado model had inflated type 1 error under low sample size scenarios in each arm of clinical trials. The CG model among total score models displayed the lowest power and the most inflated type 1 error. Therefore, the results favor the I-BI model when an IRT model is available; otherwise, the BI model.
Thermochemical investigation of phenyl and benzyl benzoates as lignin-based models for hydrogen storage
Authors: Verevkin Sergey P. , Samarov Artemiy A. , Vostrikov Sergey V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The thermochemical properties of phenyl and benzyl benzoates, including vapour pressures, enthalpies of vaporisation and enthalpies of formation, were the subject of this study. The datasets for each thermodynamic property were evaluated using quantum chemical calculations and structure–property correlations and recommended for engineering calculations. The energetics of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions relevant to hydrogen storage were calculated and compared with the enthalpies of reactions of conventional liquid organic hydrogen carriers.

Graphical Abstract
Characterizing global work-conserving scheduling tardiness with uniform instances on multiprocessors
Authors: Buzzega Giovanni , Montangero Manuela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoft real-time multiprocessor systems need scheduling policies introducing small overheads and for which it is possible to give guarantees on tardiness (i.e., the maximum delay that might arise with respect to job deadlines) in order to assess their feasibility in specific applications. For these reasons, lightweight policies such as Global Earliest Deadline First, and First-in First-out are preferred. Much effort has been spent in literature to provide efficiently computable tardiness bounds for periodic task systems scheduled on multiprocessors, but still, no exact bounds are known and results are given for specific classes of instances. In this paper, we use a work-conserving policy to schedule uniform instances, namely synchronous and periodic task systems in which tasks have the same period length and the same job length. We analytically derive a tight bound on the maximum tardiness and we give the exact length of the schedule hyper-period, showing that the latter can be computed in time linear in the number of processors. This result provides a lower bound to tardiness for the more general class of instances and is intended to close the gap with the upper bound from below.