bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research methodology for orthopaedic surgeons, with a focus on outcome
Authors: Lübbeke Anne 
Published: May 2018

Since improving the patient’s condition is the ultimate goal of clinical care and research, this review of research methodology focuses on outcomes in the musculoskeletal field. This paper provides an overview of conceptual models, different types of outcomes and commonly assessed outcomes in orthopaedics as well as epidemiological and statistical aspects of outcomes determination, measurement and interpretation. Clinicians should determine the outcome(s) most important to patients and/or public health in collaboration with the patients, epidemiologists/statisticians and other stakeholders. Key points in outcome choice are to evaluate both the benefit and harm of a health intervention, and to consider short- and longer-term outcomes including patient-reported outcomes. Outcome estimation should aim at identifying a clinically important difference (not the same as a statistically significant difference), at presenting measures of effects with confidence intervals and at taking the necessary steps to minimize bias. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170064
New trends in the orthopaedic management of diabetic foot
Authors: Kılıçoğlu Önder İ. , Demirel Mehmet , Aktaş Şamil 
Published: May 2018

Although there are various types of therapeutic footwear currently used to treat diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), recent literature has enforced the concept that total-contact casts are the benchmark. Besides conventional clinical tests and imaging modalities, advanced MRI techniques and high-sensitivity nuclear medicine modalities present several advantages for the investigation of diabetic foot problems. The currently accepted principles of DFU care are rigorous debridement followed by modern wound dressings to provide a moist wound environment. Recently, hyperbaric oxygen and negative pressure wound therapy have aroused increasing attention as an adjunctive treatment for patients with DFUs. For DFU, various surgical treatments are currently available, including resection arthroplasty, metatarsal osteotomies and metatarsal head resections. In the modern management of the Charcot foot, surgery in the acute phase remains controversial and under investigation. While conventional fixation techniques are frequently insufficient to keep alignment postoperatively, superconstruct techniques could provide a successful fixation. Retrograde intramedullary nailing has been a generally accepted method of achieving stability. The midfoot fusion bolt is a current treatment device that maintains the longitudinal columns of the foot. Also, Achilles tendon lengthening remains a popular method in the management of Charcot foot.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170073
Correlation of Adhesive Performance between Automated Bond Evaluation System Tests and Plywood Tests: A Case Study of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesives*
Authors: Huang Zeen , Feng Martin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The automated bond evaluation system (ABES), which recently became ASTM D7998-15 standard test method, is an effective tool for screen testing of different water-based wood adhesive formulations. This method enables rapid evaluations of mechanical responsiveness of different adhesive formulations to various press temperatures and/or press times, providing an efficient and realistic comparison of bondability and reactivity among the adhesive formulations.
Based on extensive testing work, this article provides experimental findings and evidence for the use of this method to evaluate bonding performance of lignin as a major ingredient in the phenolic adhesive system. The relationship between bond strength development and press temperature can be established for a particular adhesive formulation using this method, which can then help the formulation and optimization of a wood adhesive containing lignin. Softwood plywood experiments demonstrated that there is a strong correlation between ABES test results and adhesive performance in the panel products.
Dialog z tradycyjnymi religiami Afryki w nauczaniu papieża Pawła VI, Jana Pawła II oraz w liście kardynała Francisa Arinze
Authors: SZYMCZYCHA KAZIMIERZ 
Published: May 2018

The letter of pope Paul VI Africae terrarum is the first official Church document consecrated to Africa. It was issued on 29th of October 1967. It shows a positive perspective on African Traditional Religion. The second important group of texts regarding the attitude towards ATR are different texts said by John Paul II during his travels to Africa. Special attention should be paid also to the letter of card. F. Arinze consecrated to the pastoral care of the followers of African Traditional Religion.
Tromba - kult nawiedzenia i transu na Madagaskarze. Próba interpretacji
Authors: KRZYŻOSTANIAK GRZEGORZ 
Published: May 2018

Le culte de posession et transe (tromba) est connue dans tout Madagascar. Toutefois, les chercheurs sont generalement d’accord qu’elle a son origine au sein du groupe ethnique Sakalava residant partie nord-ouest de Madagascar. Auteur en commenęant par la clarification de la terminologie decrit le processus rituel lui-meme, qui comporte cinq etapes, dont le but est de reveler l’esprit-tromba dans le corps humain “possede”. Le medium (saha) joue un role principal dans dans le ritual du tromba. L’ auteur presente les differentes interpretations du tromba. Il conclut que phenomene du tromba est complexe. C’est donc le culte de posession et transe, et la communication avec les ancetres (razana). Tromba a indeniablement des qualites therapeutiques et il semble qu’elle a un caractere syncretique.
Opieka stomatologiczna oraz problemy zdrowia jamy ustnej u pacjentów w Ośrodku Rehabilitacji i Leczenia Trądu w Puri (Indie) - doświadczenia własne*
Authors: GERRETH KAROLINA 
Published: May 2018

Most people in developing countries have little or no access to organized oral health care or to basic emergency dental treatment. The main reasons are lack of dentists and poor socio-economic status. Particularly access to dental health is characteristic of isolated groups such as, e.g., lepers’ colonies. The author presents her own observations gathered during two medical missions organized by the Redemptoris Missio Humanitarian Aid Foundation to the Karunalaya Leprosy Care Center in Puri, in 2001 and 2003. The paper describes the problems resulting from health status, methods of dental treatment and ways of teeth cleaning. The author’s experience shows that even if dental aid is rendered at irregular intervals it allows to treat successfully a relatively high number of patients. The poor appreciate any dental help, which, in turn, encourages the dentist to continue his/her efforts in the future.
Dziewczęta-żołnierze. Przyczyny występowania tego zjawiska
Authors: BŁAŻEJEWSKA BEATA 
Published: May 2018

This article presents an overview of the issue of the girls-soldiers. It presents the motives for becoming a soldiers by girls. Sometimes the reasons for becoming a soldier could be of fear (lack of safety), but often it is also of prestige and certain power. It might be surprising but a girl becoming a soldier may also gain some security or prestige.
Religie Indii w relacjach arcybiskupa Władysława Michała Zaleskiego opublikowanych w „Misjach Katolickich" (1891-1897)
Authors: BOGUSIAK MAŁGORZATA 
Published: May 2018

Archbishop Władysław Zaleski was one of the best known Polish missionaries in history of Catholic Church. He spent over 30 years in India, where he founded first theological seminary in Ceylon and established indigenous hierarchy in Indian Church. During his mission he used to write a lot of letters, which were published in periodical “Missye Katolickie”. This text presents archbishop’s attitude toward religions he met in India - Buddhism and Hinduism. As many missionaries in his times he believed that only Christianity is true religion and other people outside Catholic Church were pagans. In his opinion those Indian indigenous religions were worshiping devil. Text shows also Zaleski’s opinion about Budda and nirvana.
Perceptual Oscillation of Audiovisual Time Simultaneity
Authors: Benedetto Alessandro , Burr David Charles , Morrone Maria Concetta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAction and perception are tightly coupled systems requiring coordination and synchronization over time. How the brain achieves synchronization is still a matter of debate, but recent experiments suggest that brain oscillations may play an important role in this process. Brain oscillations have been also proposed to be fundamental in determining time perception. Here, we had subjects perform an audiovisual temporal order judgment task to investigate the fine dynamics of temporal bias and sensitivity before and after the execution of voluntary hand movement (button-press). The reported order of the audiovisual sequence was rhythmically biased as a function of delay from hand action execution. Importantly, we found that it oscillated at a theta range frequency, starting ∼500 ms before and persisting ∼250 ms after the button-press, with consistent phase-locking across participants. Our results show that the perception of cross-sensory simultaneity oscillates rhythmically in synchrony with the programming phase of a voluntary action, demonstrating a link between action preparation and bias in temporal perceptual judgments.
Combinatorial Expression ofGrpandNeurod6Defines Dopamine Neuron Populations with Distinct Projection Patterns and Disease Vulnerability
Authors: Kramer Daniel J. , Risso Davide , Kosillo Polina , Ngai John , Bateup Helen S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMidbrain dopamine neurons project to numerous targets throughout the brain to modulate various behaviors and brain states. Within this small population of neurons exists significant heterogeneity based on physiology, circuitry, and disease susceptibility. Recent studies have shown that dopamine neurons can be subdivided based on gene expression; however, the extent to which genetic markers represent functionally relevant dopaminergic subpopulations has not been fully explored. Here we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of mouse dopamine neurons and validated studies showing thatNeurod6andGrpare selective markers for dopaminergic subpopulations. Using a combination of multiplex fluorescentin situhybridization, retrograde labeling, and electrophysiology in mice of both sexes, we defined the anatomy, projection targets, physiological properties, and disease vulnerability of dopamine neurons based onGrpand/orNeurod6expression. We found that the combinatorial expression ofGrpandNeurod6defines dopaminergic subpopulations with unique features.Grp+/Neurod6+dopamine neurons reside in the ventromedial VTA, send projections to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens, and have noncanonical physiological properties.Grp+/Neurod6-dopamine neurons are found in the VTA as well as in the ventromedial portion of the SNc, where they project selectively to the dorsomedial striatum.Grp-/Neurod6+dopamine neurons represent a smaller VTA subpopulation, which is preferentially spared in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson’s disease. Together, our work provides detailed characterization ofNeurod6andGrpexpression in the midbrain and generates new insights into how these markers define functionally relevant dopaminergic subpopulations.
Differences in Hearing Acuity among “Normal-Hearing” Young Adults Modulate the Neural Basis for Speech Comprehension
Authors: Lee Yune S. , Wingfield Arthur , Min Nam-Eun , Kotloff Ethan , Grossman Murray , Peelle Jonathan E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how subtle differences in hearing acuity affect the neural systems supporting speech processing in young adults. Auditory sentence comprehension requires perceiving a complex acoustic signal and performing linguistic operations to extract the correct meaning. We used functional MRI to monitor human brain activity while adults aged 18–41 years listened to spoken sentences. The sentences varied in their level of syntactic processing demands, containing either a subject-relative or object-relative center-embedded clause. All participants self-reported normal hearing, confirmed by audiometric testing, with some variation within a clinically normal range. We found that participants showed activity related to sentence processing in a left-lateralized frontotemporal network. Although accuracy was generally high, participants still made some errors, which were associated with increased activity in bilateral cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal attention networks. A whole-brain regression analysis revealed that activity in a right anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG) component of the frontoparietal attention network was related to individual differences in hearing acuity, such that listeners with poorer hearing showed greater recruitment of this region when successfully understanding a sentence. The activity in right aMFGs for listeners with poor hearing did not differ as a function of sentence type, suggesting a general mechanism that is independent of linguistic processing demands. Our results suggest that even modest variations in hearing ability impact the systems supporting auditory speech comprehension, and that auditory sentence comprehension entails the coordination of a left perisylvian network that is sensitive to linguistic variation with an executive attention network that responds to acoustic challenge.
„Koks aš esu...“: režisieriaus Juozo Miltinio asmeninės bibliotekos knygų pastabos
Authors: Mikelinskaitė Angelė 
Published: May 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje, remiantis režisieriaus Juozo Miltinio (1907–1994) asmenine biblioteka, nagrinėjamos šios kolekcijos knygose išlikusios marginalinės pastabos: informaciniai įrašai, tekstai, ženklai ir žymos, sutelkiant dėmesį į „pogamybines“ marginalines pastabas, kurios atsirado kaip bibliotekos savininko darbo su knyga išraiška. Aiškinamas šių marginalijų santykis su knygos teksto turiniu, tematika. Aptariamas marginalijų turinys, funkcinė prigimtis ir reikšmė, apžvelgiama, ką liudija šie pagalbiniai informaciniai įrašai už knygos pagrindinio teksto. Tyrinėjant režisieriaus asmeninės bibliotekos marginalinius įrašus, ieškoma sąsajų su asmenybe, jos veikla bei santykių su aplinka.
The Knowledge Economy and the Activation of Scientific and Technological Progress: Contemporary Challenges
Authors: Melnikas Borisas 
Published: May 2018

This article is dedicated to the problems and processes of the activation of scientific and technological progress in the context of contemporary challenges of the creation of a knowledge-based society and knowledge economy. The main focus here is on activating innovations, scientific and technological progress and creating various preconditions for the development of a knowledge-based society and knowledge economy.The contemporary processes and phenomena of innovations of scientific and technological progress and of its activation are analyzed in a complex manner; the needs for the purposeful activation and acceleration of scientific and technological progress, in particular in response to the aspirations of the knowledge-based society and the creation of a knowledge economy, are investigated in the presented material.The role and importance of innovation activities and the acceleration of scientific and technological advance in the context of the creation of a knowledge-based society and a knowledge economy are revealed and highlighted. New ideas of the search and use of synergetic effects, as well as a new theoretical approach based on the so-called universal principle of the creation of a “new quality,” are described.The results of the presented research can be used for preparing practical recommendations and methodologies that could be applied in the creation and implementation of the managerial and economic instruments and support systems aimed at the purpose of activating the processes of innovations and scientific and technological progress. These recommendations and methodolies could also be utilized in the development of international relations in the context of what is required in the creation of a knowledge-based society and knowledge economy.It is shown that the problems and processes of scientific and technological progress can be appreciated as an extremely important and viable field of scientific research on the creation and development of a knowledge economy.
Keywords: knowledge economy, scientific and technological progress, innovation, synergy, networking
Comparação da força e resistência dos músculos inspiratórios entre ativos e sedentários
Authors: De Oliveira Francisco Tiago Oliveira , Petto Jefferson , Esquivel Mateus Souza , Carvalho Costa Dias Cristiane Maria , Oliveira Ana Carolina Santana , Aras Roque 
Published: May 2018

INTRODUÇÃO: A prática regular de atividade física está associada com melhora do estado de saúde, aumento da capacidade funcional, aumento da força muscular e redução da mortalidade por doenças cardíacas. Apesar dos benefícios de a prática regular de exercício físico estarem consolidados na literatura, as adaptações na força e resistência dos músculos inspiratórios são controversas. OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese que não há diferença da força e resistência dos músculos inspiratórios entre indivíduos ativos e sedentários. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional de corte transversal. Avaliou-se indivíduos entre 18 e 30 anos, ambos os sexos e saudáveis. Os voluntários foram divididos em ativos e sedentários de acordo a classificação da American College of Sports Medicine (ACMS). Os indivíduos tiveram a força máxima dos músculos inspiratórios (FMI) determinada através do dispositivo POWERbreathe® K5 inspiratory muscle trainer, que intula esta variável como Sindex. A resistência dos músculos inspiratórios foi avaliada través de um teste incremental. Para comparação das médias foi aplicada o teste t de student para distribuição simétrica, p< 0,05. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa com CAAE : 37781014.4.0000.5544. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 92 indivíduos, destes 55 (60%) foram classificados como ativos e 57 (62%) do sexo masculino. Ao realizar a comparação do Sindex entre ativos e sedentários (128±26; 119±24 cmH2O; p=0,85) e da exaustão no teste incremental (65±16% e 60±16%;p=0,095), respctivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Os indivíduos ativos não apresentam músculos inspiratórios mais fortes e resistentes quando comparados com sedentários.
Physical exercise and reduction of Postprandial Lipemia: the influence of caloric expenditure
Authors: Petto Jefferson , Do Sacramento Marvyn de Santana , Gomes Vinícius Afonso , Andrade André Lemos de Souza , Dos Santos Alan Carlos Nery , Ladeia Ana Marice Teixeira 
Published: May 2018

INTRODUCTION: Although the reductive effect of a single physical exercise (PE) session on postprandial lipemia (PPL) is controversial, studies indicate that caloric expenditure is the main determinant of PPL reduction. OBJECTIVE: Test the hypothesis that a PE session based on caloric expenditure modifies PPL. METHODS: This is a prospective controlled intervention study, including a cohort of 18 men with average age of 22 ± 1.3 years and BMI of 21 ± 4.2 kg/m². All were irregularly active students, with fasting triglyceride (TG) values of less than or equal to 150mg/dL. They were submitted to two PPL tests: Basal (PPLB) and Exercise (PPLE). Blood samples were collected at time 0 (fasting) and after ingestion of a lipid compound (25g) at 180 and 240 minutes for TG dosing. In the PPLE test, a PE session on treadmill was applied shortly after the collection at 120 minutes, achieving an energy expenditure of 500kcal. STATISTICS: The medians of the variation (delta) between the TG values between fasting and 120min (?1), fasting and 240min (?2) and between 120 and 240min (?3) were compared. The bi-directional Wilcoxon test was used to compare deltas. RESULTS: The TG medians of ?1 respectively for PPLB and PPLE were 63 Vs.60 (p=0.95); ?2 102 Vs. 25 (p=0.02) and ?3 32 Vs. -10 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In this study, a physical exercise session based on caloric expenditure of 500kcal, after lipid intake, reduced the PPL peak in healthy youngsters.
Parental compliance and influences factors in treatment of children with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Nalyotov Andrew V. , Vunichenko Yulia S. , Masyuta Dmitry I. 
Published: May 2018

Summary. The irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common of functional gastrointestinal tract disorders in the population. The Rome criteria IV are basic recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in patients of different ages. At the present time, the therapy of most diseases requires special attention not only from the treating physician, but also from the patient. In turn, in the treatment of children, the monitoring of compliance with the treatment is carried out not by the patient, but by his parents who control the regimen of taking medications.
The aim of the study was to determine the level of parental compliance and factors affecting it in the treatment of children with irritable bowel syndrome. It was established that the level of parental compliance to the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome for their children is low, which may lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment. It was found that only in less than 1/3 of the patients the parents are fully compliant with respect to the therapy received by their child. The main causes that influence the adherence of parents to the treatment of their child with irritable bowel syndrome are revealed. Establishment of interpersonal relationships in the “doctor-patient-parent” system, working with parents, aimed at explaining the essence of the disease (in some cases, the mechanisms of its formation), the consequences of the disease, treatment tactics are an important stage in the therapy of a sick child.
Clinical observation of severe laryngomalacia an infant
Authors: Zakharova Maria L. , Pavlov Pavel V. , Kuznecova Alla A. , Rachkova Ksenia K. 
Published: May 2018

Relevance. Disorders of the larynx are a poorly studied section of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. In recent years, the incidence of congenital malformations of the larynx increases, and laryngomalacia is the most common. Diagnosis of this disease is difficult in the conditions of outpatient department without necessary equipment. However, each doctor should understand the importance of diagnosis of laryngomalacia, because this disease can get a severe form with a potential injury to the life and health of the child, especially during the catarrhal disease.
Objectives: development of diagnostic algorithm and the choice of optimal treatment strategy, intended to restoring of laryngeal functions.
Materials and methods. Your attention is the case of severe clinical course laringomalacia an infant and its surgical correction in the clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. The child was observed by the standard method: flexible laryngoscopy, x-ray examination of the neck in the lateral view, x-ray examination of the chest, laboratory blood tests.
Results. This article demonstrates the diagnostic algorithm and the choice of optimal treatment strategy, which avoids the imposition of tracheostomy and rehabilitation the child in infancy. A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of children with laringomalacia is validated.
Conclusions. This clinical case is a striking example of the need for early diagnosis of the type of congenital malformation of the larynx in newborns with congenital stridor and other signs of dysfunction of the larynx.