bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network embedding in biomedical data science
Authors: Su Chang , Tong Jie , Zhu Yongjun , Cui Peng , Wang Fei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOwning to the rapid development of computer technologies, an increasing number of relational data have been emerging in modern biomedical research. Many network-based learning methods have been proposed to perform analysis on such data, which provide people a deep understanding of topology and knowledge behind the biomedical networks and benefit a lot of applications for human healthcare. However, most network-based methods suffer from high computational and space cost. There remain challenges on handling high dimensionality and sparsity of the biomedical networks. The latest advances in network embedding technologies provide new effective paradigms to solve the network analysis problem. It converts network into a low-dimensional space while maximally preserves structural properties. In this way, downstream tasks such as link prediction and node classification can be done by traditional machine learning methods. In this survey, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on applying network embedding to advance the biomedical domain. We first briefly introduce the widely used network embedding models. After that, we carefully discuss how the network embedding approaches were performed on biomedical networks as well as how they accelerated the downstream tasks in biomedical science. Finally, we discuss challenges the existing network embedding applications in biomedical domains are faced with and suggest several promising future directions for a better improvement in human healthcare.
Yeast-like filamentous fungi: Molecular identification and in vitro susceptibility study
Authors: Esposto Maria Carmela , Prigitano Anna , Lo Cascio Giuliana , Ossi Cristina , Grancini Anna , Cavanna Caterina , Lallitto Fabiola , Tejada Milvana , Bandettini Roberto , Mularoni Alessandra , Tortorano Anna Maria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractYeast-like filamentous fungi, collected in Italy from 1985 to 2018, were submitted to molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testings. Clinical isolates were identified as Magnusiomyces capitatus (28), M. clavatus (18), and Geotrichum candidum (2). M. clavatus was prevalent among blood isolates (18/24), M. capitatus among isolates from other biological materials. The intrinsic echinocandin resistance was confirmed. Both species had low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, while M. clavatus had lower MIC of flucytosine and higher MIC of isavuconazole than M. capitatus. The intrinsic resistance of these species to echinocandins could be the reason of the recent increase of M. clavatus bloodstream infections.
The 2016 Tips From Former Smokers® Campaign: Associations With Quit Intentions and Quit Attempts Among Smokers With and Without Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Prochaska Judith J , Gates Emily F , Davis Kevin C , Gutierrez Karen , Prutzman Yvonne , Rodes Robert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Introduction
People living with mental health conditions (MH+) are more likely to smoke cigarettes than people without mental health conditions (MH−) and to experience tobacco-related disparities. The Tips From Former Smokers® (Tips®) campaign is a proven population-level strategy for motivating smokers to quit. In 2016, Tips included ads featuring Rebecca, a former smoker with depression. We evaluated self-reported frequency of exposure to the Rebecca and other Tips ads in association with quit intentions and quit attempts among MH+ and MH− smokers.

Methods
Intentions to quit and past 6-month quit attempts lasting at least 24 hours were reported from a two-wave longitudinal online survey conducted before and after the 2016 Tips campaign with a nationally representative sample of US adult cigarette smokers with (MH+, N = 777) and without (MH−, N = 1806) lifetime mental health conditions.

Results
In 2016, among MH+ respondents, greater exposure to the Rebecca ads was significantly associated with increased odds of intending to quit in the next 30 days (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.40, p < .05) and with reporting a quit attempt in the past 6 months (AOR = 1.25, p < .05). Among MH− respondents, greater exposure to the other Tips ads was associated with increased odds of making a quit attempt (AOR = 1.19, p < .05).

Conclusions
Exposure to the Rebecca ads was associated with a greater likelihood of intentions to quit and quit attempts among MH+ smokers; whereas, exposure to the other (non-mental-health-related) Tips ads was associated with a greater likelihood of quit attempts among MH− smokers.

Implications
National media campaigns are an important population-level strategy for reaching specific population groups who are experiencing tobacco-related disparities. The findings support the inclusion of ads featuring people living with mental health conditions in national tobacco education media campaigns, such as Tips.
The Integrated Clinical Education Strategic Initiatives Project—Development of Parameters to Guide Harmonization in Clinical Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: McCallum Christine , Bayliss Jamie , Becker Elaine , Nixon-Cave Kim , Colgrove Yvonne , Kucharski-Howard Janna , Stern Debra , Evans Kimeran , Strunk Valerie , Wetherbee Ellen , Russell Byron , Legar Tara 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Clinical education curricular models specifically related to integrated clinical education (ICE) vary across physical therapist education programs. The interconnectedness of ICE to the advancement of a shared vision for clinical education in professional physical therapist education needs investigating.

Purpose
The purpose of this scoping review was to: (1) define ICE, (2) define baseline expectations and parameters of ICE, and (3) discern and describe current ICE models.

Data Sources
Databases accessed included Medline, MedlinePlus with Full, CINAHL, and CINAHL Plus with full text.

Study Selection
A multimodal data collection scoping review was completed. Data collection included survey research, a systematic review of the literature, and a series of focus groups. The McMaster Critical Appraisal Tool assessed methodological study quality. A qualitative, metasynthesis approach was used for data synthesis. Consensus agreement produced results.

Data Extraction
Twenty-two articles were included in the literature review from the health disciplines of medicine, nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology. Data synthesis produced 8 parameters defining the factors essential to categorizing clinical education experiences as ICE in physical therapist education. The 8 parameters and ICE definition are supported by a description of models of ICE that currently exist within health profession curricula.

Data Synthesis
Data synthesis followed a qualitative, metasynthesis approach. Themes emerged from the surveys, literature review, and focus group data. Patterns were compared, analyzed, and synthesized to generate the themes and ICE parameters.

Limitations
Selection bias from the literature search could have limited the richness of the model descriptions by unintentional exclusion of articles, and might limit the applicability of results beyond the United States. Sampling bias from survey and focus groups, although purposeful, might have limited a broader description of current viewpoints about ICE. However, the data sources, including multiple health profession perspectives coupled with consensus agreement, provide sound evidence in development of profession-based parameters.

Conclusions
The results of this scoping review provide the profession with a standard definition of ICE and parameters that can guide a program in designing a curriculum using ICE experiences as a foundation. A recommended next step is to design education research studies using reliable and valid outcome measures across programs to determine impact and effectiveness of ICE as an educational intervention.
Claim Costs, Musculoskeletal Health, and Work Exposure in Physical Therapists, Occupational Therapists, Physical Therapist Assistants, and Occupational Therapist Assistants: A Comparison Among Long-Term Care Jobs
Authors: Kotejoshyer Rajashree , Punnett Laura , Dybel Gerard , Buchholz Bryan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Patient/resident-handling tasks are physically demanding and associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among nursing personnel. The routine performance of such tasks by physical therapists and occupational therapists during treatment can cause similar problems.

Objective
This study characterized the magnitude of MSDs and the risk factors for MSDs in physical therapists, occupational therapists, physical therapist assistants, and occupational therapist assistants (collectively called “therapy personnel” for this study) and compared them with those of other nursing home workers, especially nursing staff.

Design
This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods
Workers’ compensation claim (WCC) data from 1 year of experience in a long-term care company were used to compute claim rates by body region, nature, and cause of injury, and the costs per case and per full-time–equivalent employee. Data regarding musculoskeletal symptoms, use of patient/resident-lifting equipment, and perceived physical and psychological job demands were obtained from a concurrent cross-sectional survey of workers from 24 long-term care facilities.

Results
About 80% of the WCCs were related to musculoskeletal incidents in nursing aides and therapy personnel. WCC costs paid per case for therapy personnel were more than twice those for nursing staff for both ergonomic and resident-handling incidents. Prevalence of low back pain in therapy personnel was the same as in nursing aides (48%) but involved more chronic, milder pain. About half of therapy personnel reported “never” or “rarely” using patient/resident-lifting equipment. Therapy personnel, nursing aides, and housekeeping/dietary/maintenance personnel reported the highest physical job demands.

Limitations
Causal inference cannot be determined due to the cross-sectional nature of the survey data. Study findings are relevant only to therapy work in long-term care settings because exposures vary in other health care settings (hospitals, outpatient, and others).

Conclusions
MSD prevalence and claim costs in therapy personnel are high enough to deserve more attention. The low use of patient/resident-lifting equipment in therapy could increase the risk for MSDs. Future studies with comprehensive ergonomic analysis of therapist tasks and recommendations to reduce injuries are warranted.
EFFECTS OF THE SCAN RANGE ON RADIATION DOSE IN THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY COMPONENT OF ONCOLOGY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Nagahara Kazunori , Kudo Hiroko , Itoh Hiroyasu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We performed phantom experiments to investigate radiation dose in the computed tomography component of oncology positron emission tomography/computed tomography in relation to the scan range. Computed tomography images of an anthropomorphic whole-body phantom were obtained from the head top to the feet, from the head top to the proximal thigh or from the skull base to the proximal thigh. Automatic exposure control using the posteroanterior and lateral scout images offered reasonable tube current modulation corresponding to the body thickness. However, when the posteroanterior scout alone was used, unexpectedly high current was applied in the head and upper chest. When effective dose was calculated on a region-by-region basis, it did not differ greatly irrespective of the scan range. In contrary, when effective dose was estimated simply by multiplying the scanner-derived dose-length product by a single conversion factor, estimates increased definitely with the scan range, indicating severe overestimation in whole-body imaging.
Exploring the Heterogeneous Effects of Export Promotion
Authors: Olarreaga Marcelo , Sperlich Stefan , Trachsel Virginie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A semiparametric varying coefficient model is used to explore the heterogeneity in returns to export promotion across countries. Differences in characteristics of export-promotion agencies drive the heterogeneity in returns. Interestingly, characteristics that matter for export growth do not necessarily matter for GDP per capita growth. A 1 percent increase in export-promotion budgets is associated with an average increase in exports of 0.10 percent and an average increase in GDP per capita of 0.06 percent. However, these average returns hide a lot of heterogeneity. Returns in terms of exports vary from 0 percent in Cyprus and Vietnam to 0.22 percent in Portugal. Returns in terms of GDP per capita show less heterogeneity, varying from 0.05 in Malawi to 0.10 percent in Portugal and Nicaragua.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis and management of cardiac and vascular involvement in the systemic vasculitides
Authors: Mavrogeni Sophie I. , Dimitroulas Theodoros , Kitas George D. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose of review
Cardiac manifestations in systemic vasculitides, either primary or secondary due to infection, malignancy or autoimmune rheumatic diseases may be life-threatening. Cardiovascular (CVD) magnetic resonance (CMR) has been recently proposed as an ideal noninvasive tool to evaluate systemic vasculitides. In the present article, we present an overview of CMR in the diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac involvement in systemic vasculitides.

Recent findings
CMR is a noninvasive, nonradiating modality, capable to assess cardiac function, perfusion and tissue characterization that can be of great diagnostic value in both primary and secondary systemic vasculitides. It has been already documented that CMR is superior to other imaging modalities, because it has great versatility and higher spatial resolution that allows the detection of early CVD phenomena occurring during systemic vasculitides. Magnetic resonance angiography and oedema-fibrosis imaging detect early CVD involvement such as acute and/or chronic inflammation, coronary macro-micro-circulation abnormalities and/or small vessel vasculitis.

Summary
CMR due to its great versatility gives valuable information about cardiac function, perfusion, type of fibrosis and vascular integrity that may significantly contribute to treatment decisions beyond vascular scores, other disease activity or severity indices or the acute phase response.
The ties that bind: skin, gut and spondyloarthritis
Authors: Gracey Eric , Dumas Emilie , Yerushalmi Meital , Qaiyum Zoya , Inman Robert D. , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: November 2018

Purpose of review
This article aims to review recent literature linking epithelial barrier inflammation and arthritis in spondyloarthritis (SpA), with a critical view on how they are bound by genetic, immunological and environmental ties.

Recent findings
The epithelia-joint axis has become an intense area of both basic and clinical SpA research. The penultimate goal is to understand the immunopathologic links between epithelial inflammation and arthritis in SpA. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis (PsO) have strong links to SpA at several levels. Clinically, there is a strong association of IBD, PsO and SpA. Genetically, there are many shared risk factors; however, there are also distinct differences in the genetics of the respective diseases. Immunologically, type 3 immunity, especially interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 dysregulation, has been shown to play a central role in IBD, PsO and SpA. Environmentally, a microbial dysbiosis has been noted in each of these diseases, but whether the microbial signature is similar between diseases is not clear, nor is the effect of dysbiosis on the immune response known.

Summary
It will be crucial to determine whether the relationship between epithelia inflammation and SpA is truly causal for both the understanding of pathogenesis and for future treatment strategies.
Mitochondrial Pathway Is Involved in Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Apoptosis of Rabbit Annulus Fibrosus Cells
Authors: Hu Yiqiang , Shao Zengwu , Cai Xianyi , Liu Yunlu , Shen Min , Yao Yingtao , Yuan Tian , Wang Wentian , Ding Fan , Xiong Liming 
Published: November 2018

Study Design.
Experimental study.

Objective.
The purposes of this study were to evaluate whether advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) induce annulus fibrosus (AF) cell apoptosis and further to explore the mechanism by which this process occurs.

Summary of Background Data.
Recent studies revealed that AGEs accumulation is considered an important factor in diabetic intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, the effect of AGEs on intervertebral disc remains unclear.

Methods.
AF cells were treated with various concentrations of AGEs for 3 days. Cell viability and cell proliferation were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection kit and Hoechst 33342. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3, and caspase-9, was detected by western blotting. In addition, Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of AF cell were examined by 5,5′,6,6′ -Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′- tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining and 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probes, respectively.

Results.
Our results indicated that AGEs had inhibitory effects on AF cell proliferation and induced AF cell apoptosis. The molecular data showed that AGEs significantly up-regulated Bax expression and inhibited Bcl-2 expression. In addition, AGEs increased the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and enhanced caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Moreover, treatment with AGEs resulted in a decrease in MMP and the accumulation of intracellular ROS in AF cells. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reversed AGE-induced MMP decrease and AF cell apoptosis.

Conclusion.
These results suggested that AGEs induce rabbit AF cell apoptosis and mitochondrial pathway may be involved in AGEs-mediated cell apoptosis, which may provide a theoretical basis for diabetic IVD degeneration.

Level of Evidence: N/A
The role of CXCR2 in acute inflammatory responses and its antagonists as anti-inflammatory therapeutics
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Guo Rongxia , Kambara Hiroto , Ma Fengxia , Luo Hongbo R. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose of review
CXCR2 is key stimulant of immune cell migration and recruitment, especially of neutrophils. Alleviating excessive neutrophil accumulation and infiltration could prevent prolonged tissue damage in inflammatory disorders. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the role of CXCR2 in regulating neutrophil migration and the use of CXCR2 antagonists for therapeutic benefit in inflammatory disorders.

Recent findings
Recent studies have provided new insights into how CXCR2 signaling regulates hematopoietic cell mobilization and function in both health and disease. We also summarize several CXCR2 regulatory mechanisms during infection and inflammation such as via Wip1, T-bet, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, and microbiome. Moreover, we provide an update of studies investigating CXCR2 blockade in the laboratory and in clinical trials.

Summary
Neutrophil homeostasis, migration, and recruitment must be precisely regulated. The CXCR2 signaling pathway is a potential target for modifying neutrophil dynamics in inflammatory disorders. We discuss the recent clinical use of CXCR2 antagonists for controlling inflammation.
Well-being, Self-transcendence, and Resilience of Parental Caregivers of Children in Active Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bajjani-Gebara Jouhayna , Hinds Pamela , Insel Kathleen , Reed Pamela , Moore Ki , Badger Terry 
Published: November 2018

Background
Childhood cancer profoundly impacts the well-being of many parental caregivers in the United States yearly. Empirical evidence is extensive for negative well-being and scarce for positive well-being in this population.

Objective
Study aims were to (1) describe resilience, self-transcendence, and positive (general well-being) and negative well-being (depression and anxiety); (2) examine if caregiver-related personal factors (resilience and/or demographic characteristics) and/or child-related contextual factors (child’s cancer and/or demographic characteristics) are associated with well-being; and (3) test if self-transcendence mediates the relationship between resilience and well-being.

Methods
A cross-sectional study whereby 80 caregivers of children diagnosed with childhood cancer for at least 2 months completed study questionnaires. Descriptive statistics explored sample demographics, well-being, self-transcendence, and resilience levels. Bivariate correlations examined factors associated with well-being. One-way analysis of variance and independent-samples t tests explored differences in well-being across levels of independent variables. Baron and Kenny’s mediation analysis tested if self-transcendence mediated the relationship between resilience and well-being.

Results
Positive well-being and negative well-being coexist in parental caregivers. No child-related contextual factors related to caregivers’ well-being. Parental caregivers’ resilience and self-transcendence positively related to their general well-being and negatively related to their depression and anxiety. Satisfaction with current financial status positively related to general well-being and negatively related to depression. Self-transcendence mediated the relationship between resilience and well-being.

Conclusions
Findings confirm the importance of focusing on both positive and negative well-being, their associated factors, and mediators.

Implications for practice
The authors discuss practice implications to enhance self-transcendence such as journaling, mindfulness techniques, activities to connect with nature, and others.