bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Aplasia Cutis Congenita: Suggestion of Management Algorithm
Authors: Lee Yeon Ji , Kim Seong Ae , Moon Suk-Ho 
Published: October 2019

Background:
When a child is born with Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), it is important for the surgeon to decide promptly whether to perform early surgical intervention, or proceed with conservative care. Several patients of ACC have been reported in which various treatments have attempted. However, the criteria of treatment remain controversial. In this study, the authors present an algorithm and the literature review to assist with objective decisions during ACC management.

Methods:
A total of 4 cases of infants born with ACC were referred to our department between January 2017 and April 2019. Conservative care was to be considered a first choice of management.

Results:
The ACC lesions were presented in the scalp vertex area in all 4 infants with the intact dura mater. There was no large vein exposure or sagittal sinus exposure in all infants. All 4 infants were managed with conservative care, which immediately resulted in complete healing of the defects without any complications.

Conclusions:
Rapid decision-making is required whether or not the patient requires emergency surgical coverage. Even extensive defects may be healed by conservative care alone, if the dura mater is intact and accompanying large vein or sagittal sinus exposure is not identified.
Sound generation due to the interaction of turbulence with surfaces embedded in transversely sheared flow
Authors: Goldstein M. E. , Leib S. J. , Afsar M. Z. 
Published: October 2019

This paper reviews the application of Rapid Distortion Theory (RDT) on transversely shear mean flows to the prediction of sound generated from solid surfaces imbedded in turbulent shear flows. This phenomenon is relevant to the so-called installation noise problem which has received considerable attention in recent years. A few representative results from applications that have appeared in the literature are also presented.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Frontiers of aeroacoustics research: theory, computation and experiment’.
First-principle description of acoustic radiation of shear flows
Authors: Wu Xuesong , Zhang Zhongyu 
Published: October 2019

As a methodology complementary to acoustic analogy, the asymptotic approach to aeroacoustics seeks to predict aerodynamical noise on the basis of first principles by probing into the physical processes of acoustic radiation. The present paper highlights the principal ideas and recent developments of this approach, which have shed light on some of the fundamental issues in sound generation in shear flows. The theoretical work on sound wave emission by nonlinearly modulated wavepackets of supersonic and subsonic instability modes in free shear flows identifies the respective physical sources or emitters. A wavepacket of supersonic modes is itself an efficient emitter, radiating directly intensive sound in the form of a Mach wave beam, the frequencies of which are in the same band as those of the modes in the packet. By contrast, a wavepacket of subsonic modes radiates very weak sound directly. However, the nonlinear self-interaction of such a wavepacket generates a slowly modulated mean-flow distortion, which then emits sound waves with low frequencies and long wavelengths on the scale of the wavepacket envelope. In both cases, the acoustic waves emitted to the far field are explicitly expressed in terms of the amplitude function of the wavepacket. The asymptotic approach has also been applied to analyse generation of sound waves in wall-bounded shear flows on the triple-deck scale. Several subtleties have been found. The near-field approximation has to be worked out to a sufficiently higher order in order just to calculate the far-field sound at leading order. The back action of the radiated sound on the flow in the viscous sublayer and the main shear layer is accounted for by an impedance coefficient. This effect is of higher order in the subsonic regime, but becomes a leading order in the transonic and supersonic regimes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Frontiers of aeroacoustics research: theory, computation and experiment’.
A conveyor feeder for animal experiments
Authors: Oh Jinook 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeveral different types of open source feeders have been used in animal experiments in cognitive biology, neuroscience, psychology and related fields. These feeders use either dry pellets, which have hard surface and simple shape, or liquid food types such as sucrose solution. These food types can be rather easily manipulated due to its physical attributes. Although it is beneficial in terms of controllability, animal subjects often lose motivation to interact with operant conditioning devices offering such food items. Using natural food items such as fruits, insects, worms and pieces of meat will be helpful to keep the subject’s motivation high, however, those food items are not very well suited for currently available open source feeders due to its physical attributes, including its complex shape, sticky and delicate texture. We made a feeder to deliver such natural food items to animal subjects for operant conditioning, using relatively cheap and easily obtainable parts. For a validation, we built a full operant conditioning device for wolves and dogs, containing two of these feeders, a pressure-sensitive monitor and a speaker.Specifications table
The neural signature of numerosity: Separating numerical and continuous magnitude extraction in early visual cortex with frequency-tagged EEG
Authors: Van Rinsveld Amandine , Guillaume Mathieu , Kohler Peter J. , Schiltz Christine , Gevers Wim , Content Alain 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ability to handle approximate quantities, or number sense, has been recurrently linked to mathematical skills, though the nature of the mechanism allowing to extract numerical information (i.e., numerosity) from environmental stimuli is still debated. A set of objects is indeed not only characterized by its numerosity but also by other features, such as the summed area occupied by the elements, which often covary with numerosity. These intrinsic relations between numerosity and non-numerical magnitudes led some authors to argue that numerosity is not independently processed but extracted through a weighting of continuous magnitudes. This view cannot be properly tested through classic behavioral and neuroimaging approaches due to these intrinsic correlations. The current study used a frequency-tagging EEG approach to separately measure responses to numerosity as well as to continuous magnitudes. We recorded occipital responses to numerosity, total area, and convex hull changes but not to density and dot size. We additionally applied a model predicting primary visual cortex responses to the set of stimuli. The model output was closely aligned with our electrophysiological data, since it predicted discrimination only for numerosity, total area, and convex hull. Our findings thus demonstrate that numerosity can be independently processed at an early stage in the visual cortex, even when completely isolated from other magnitude changes. The similar implicit discrimination for numerosity as for some continuous magnitudes, which correspond to basic visual percepts, shows that both can be extracted independently, hence substantiating the nature of numerosity as a primary feature of the visual scene.
Global brain signal in awake rats
Authors: Ma Yuncong , Ma Zilu , Liang Zhifeng , Neuberger Thomas , Zhang Nanyin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough often used as a nuisance in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), the global brain signal in humans and anesthetized animals has important neural basis. However, our knowledge of the global signal in awake rodents is sparse. To bridge this gap, we systematically analyzed rsfMRI data acquired with a conventional single-echo (SE) echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence in awake rats. The spatial pattern of rsfMRI frames during peaks of the global signal exhibited prominent co-activations in the thalamo-cortical and hippocampo-cortical networks, as well as in the basal forebrain, hinting that these neural networks might contribute to the global brain signal in awake rodents. To validate this concept, we acquired rsfMRI data using a multi-echo (ME) EPI sequence and removed non-neural components in the rsfMRI signal. Consistent co-activation patterns were obtained in extensively de-noised ME-rsfMRI data, corroborating the finding from SE-rsfMRI data. Furthermore, during rsfMRI experiments we simultaneously recorded neural spiking activities in the hippocampus using GCaMP-based fiber photometry. The hippocampal calcium activity exhibited significant correspondence with the global rsfMRI signal. These data collectively suggest that the global rsfMRI signal contains significant neural components that involve coordinated activities in the thalamo-cortical and hippocampo-cortical networks. These results provide important insight into the neural substrate of the global brain signal in awake rodents.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate-regulated transcriptomes in heterogenous arterial and lymphatic endothelium of the aorta
Authors: Engelbrecht Eric , Levesque Michel V. , He Liqun , Vanlandewijck Michael , Nitzsche Anja , Kuo Andrew , Singh Sasha A. , Aikawa Masanori , Holton Kristina , Proia Richard L , Kono Mari , Pu William T. , Camerer Eric , Betsholtz Christer , Hla Timothy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the medical importance of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), in vivo cellular heterogeneity of GPCR signaling and downstream transcriptional responses are not understood. We report the comprehensive characterization of transcriptomes (bulk and single-cell) and chromatin domains regulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) in adult mouse aortic endothelial cells. First, S1PR1 regulates NFkB and nuclear glucocorticoid receptor pathways to suppress inflammation-related mRNAs. Second, spatially distinct S1PR1 signaling in the aorta is associated with heterogenous endothelial cell (EC) subtypes. For example, a transcriptomically distinct arterial EC population at vascular branch points (aEC1) exhibits ligand- independent S1PR1/ß-arrestin coupling. In contrast, circulatory S1P-dependent S1PR1/ß-arrestin coupling was observed in non-branch point aEC2 cells that exhibit an inflammatory signature. Moreover, an adventitial lymphatic EC (LEC) population shows suppression of lymphangiogenic and inflammation-related transcripts in a S1P/S1PR1-dependent manner. These insights add resolution to existing concepts of GPCR signaling and S1P biology.
Orbitofrontal-striatal potentiation underlies stimulant induced hyperactivity
Authors: Bariselli Sebastiano , Miyazaki Nanami , Kravitz Alexxai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStimulants are one of the most widely prescribed classes of pharmaceuticals, but it is unclear which brain pathways underlie their therapeutic and adverse actions. Here, with real-time monitoring of circuit plasticity, we demonstrate that psychostimulants strengthen orbitofrontal (OFC) to dorsomedial striatum (DMS) pathway synapses, and increase striatal output in awake mice. In vivo high-frequency stimulation of OFC-DMS pathway blocked stimulant-induced potentiation and the expression of locomotor sensitization, thereby directly linking OFC-DMS plasticity to hyperactivity.
Using a Motion Sensor to Categorize Low Back Pain Patients: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Abdollahi Masoud , Ashouri Sajad , Abedi Mohsen , Azadeh-Fard Nasibeh , Parnianpour Mohamad , Rashedi Ehsan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLow back pain (LBP) remains a critical health issue impacting literally millions of people worldwide. Currently, clinical practitioners rely on subjective measures such as the STarT Back Screening Tool to categorize LBP patients, which then informs specific treatment regimens. This study sought to develop a machine learning model to classify LBP patients into different groups according to kinematic data. Specifically, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) was attached to each patient’s chest while he performed trunk flexion/extension motions at a self-selected pace. Machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) were implemented to evaluate the efficiency of the models. The results showed that the kinematic data we obtained could be used to categorize the patients into two groups: high vs. low-medium risk. We achieved accuracy levels of ~75% and 60% for SVM and MLP, respectively. Additionally, among a range of variables detailed herein, we determined that time-scaled IMU signal resulted in the highest accuracy. Our findings support the use of body-motion measures in developing prognosis tools for healthcare applications. Our results could help overcome the need for objective clinic-based diagnosis approaches, which in turn would lead to assigning better treatment approaches and rehabilitation services for LBP sufferers.
Characterization of vertically and cross-species transmitted viruses in the cestode parasiteSchistocephalus solidus
Authors: Hahn Megan A , Rosario Karyna , Lucas Pierrick , Dheilly Nolwenn M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParasitic flatworms (Neodermata) represent a public health and economic burden due to associated debilitating diseases and limited therapeutic treatments available. Despite their importance, there is scarce information regarding flatworm-associated microbes. We report the discovery of six RNA viruses in the cestodeSchistocephalus solidus. None were closely related to classified viruses and they represent new taxa. Mining transcriptomic data revealed the broad distribution of these viruses in Alaskan and EuropeanS. soliduspopulations. We demonstrate throughin vitroculture ofS. solidusthat five of these viruses are vertically transmitted. With experimental infections and field-sampling, we show that one of the viruses is transmitted to parasitized hosts. The impact of these viruses in parasite fitness and pathogenicity, and in host-parasite co-evolutionary dynamics remains to be determined. The detection of six novel viruses in this first characterization of viruses in Neodermatans likely represents a fraction of virus diversity in parasitic flatworms.
Heterochronically expressed midline netrin was recruited to guide mesoderm migration in epibolic gastrulation of the leech
Authors: Lee Jun-Ru , Kuo Dian-Han 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNetrin is a remarkably conserved midline landmark, serving as a chemotactic factor that organizes the bilateral neural architecture in the post-gastrula bilaterian embryos. Netrin signal also guides cell migration in many other neural and non-neural organogenesis events in later developmental stages, but it has never been before found to participate in gastrulation – the earliest cell migration in metazoan embryogenesis. Here, we found that netrin signaling molecules and their receptors are expressed during gastrulation of the leechHelobdella. Intriguigly,Hau-netrin-1was expressed in the N lineage, the precursor of ventral ectoderm, at the onset of gastrulation. We demonstrated that the N lineage is required for the entrance of mesoderm into the germinal band and that misexpression of Hau-netrin-1 in early gastrulation prevented mesoderm from entering the germinal band. Together, these results suggested that Hau-netrin-1 secreted by the N lineage guides mesoderm migration during germinal band assembly. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Hau-netrin-1 after the completion of germinal band assembly disrupted the epibolic migration of the germinal bands in a later stage of gastrulation. Thus, Hau-netrin-1 is likely involved in two distinct events in sequential stages of leech gastrulation: the assembly of germinal bands in early gastrulation and their epibolic migration in mid-gastrulation. This mode of gastrulation as observed in the leech is apomorphic for clitellate annelids. We postulated that a heterochronic shift of netrin gene expression in the clitellate ancestor might have facilitated the evolutionary emergence of a novel form of gastrulation in this lineage.
Identification and comparison of genes differentially regulated by transcription factors and miRNAs
Authors: Asiaee Amir , Abrams Zachary B , Nakayiza Samantha , Sampath Deepa , Coombes Kevin R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTranscription factors and microRNAs (miRNA) both play a critical role in gene regulation and in the development of many diseases such as cancer. Understanding how transcription factors and miRNAs influence gene expression is thus important to understand, but complicated due to the large and interconnected nature of the human genome. To help better understand what genes are being regulated by transcription factors and/or miRNAs we looked at it over 8000 patient samples from 32 different cancer types collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We started by clustering the transcription factors and miRNAs using Thresher to reduce the number of features. Using both the mRNA and miRNA sequencing data we constructed linear models to calculate the coefficient of determination (R2) for each mRNA based on the Thresher cluster expression. We generated three types of linear models: transcription factor, miRNA and transcription factor plus miRNA. We then determined genes that were highly explained or poorly explained by each of the three models based on the genes R2 value. We performed downstream gene enrichment analysis using ToppGene on the sets of well and poorly explained genes. This identified differences in gene regulation between transcription factors and miRNAs and showed what groups of gene are differentially regulated.
Qualitative study of challenges and strategies of Indian IT organizations toward global branding
Authors: Ray Keshab , Sharma Meenakshi 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
There is a lacuna in research work in terms of understanding how Indian IT organizations can become global brands. Benchmarking has not received much attention in marketing literature due to lack of benchmarking framework, and IT organizations are yet to make progress in benchmarking. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of brand strength on global branding by developing a conceptual benchmarking framework for Indian IT organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured in-depth interviews are conducted with thirty middle-level managers from two Indian IT organizations, two US-based global IT organizations and one UK-based leading bank, which is a customer of these IT organizations.

Findings
Results show a positive relationship between brand strength and global branding, between customer loyalty and global branding, between brand loyalty and competitive advantage and between global branding and competitive advantage. Indian IT organizations can benchmark global IT organizations to improve delivering brand promise, positioning, awareness building and authenticity toward making Indian IT organizations future ready to address the entire breadth of opportunities in the evolving world of cloud and digital.

Practical implications
This research helps managers with a brand strength-based benchmarking framework toward global branding of Indian IT organizations.

Social implications
IT is instrumental for rapid growth of Indian’s economy. India should optimally utilize its greatest wealth, its human potential, with the latent global demand in IT through building global IT brands.

Originality/value
The originality of the study lies in conducting a qualitative study on global branding of Indian IT organizations and also proposing a conceptual benchmarking framework. The study further validates the model using qualitative analysis.
Innovative solutions to increase last-mile delivery efficiency in B2C e-commerce: a literature review
Authors: Mangiaracina Riccardo , Perego Alessandro , Seghezzi Arianna , Tumino Angela 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to review and classify scientific publications dealing with those innovative solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of last-mile delivery in business to consumer (B2C) e-commerce; and, second, to outline directions for future research in this field.

Design/methodology/approach
The review is based on 75 papers published between 2001 and 2019 in international peer-reviewed journals or proceedings of conferences, retrieved from bibliographic databases and science search engines.

Findings
Due to its importance in affecting the overall logistics costs and, as a consequence, the economic sustainability of a B2C e-commerce initiative, last-mile delivery process deserves particular attention in order to be optimised. The review highlights that, among the main factors affecting its cost, there are the probability to have failed deliveries, the customer density in the delivery areas and the degree of automation of the process. Innovative and viable last-mile delivery solutions – which may impact the mentioned drivers – include parcel lockers, crowdsourcing logistics, mapping the consumer presence at home and dynamic pricing policies. Eventually, some gaps and areas for further research activities have been identified (e.g. mapping customer behaviour, crowdsourcing logistics).

Originality/value
This review offers interesting insights to both academics and practitioners. On the academic side, it analyses and classifies relevant literature about innovative and efficiency-oriented last-mile delivery solutions, proposing directions for future research efforts. On the managerial side, it presents a holistic framework of the main factors affecting last-mile delivery cost and of viable innovative solutions that may be implemented to increase efficiency.