bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrin/Fibrinogen Degradation Products in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Purdie D. W. , Howie P. W. , Edgar W. , Prentice G. R. M. 
Published: June 2019

Fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (F. D. P.) have been studied in amniotic fluid from normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by hypertension, anencephaly, and hydramnios without foetal anomaly.Using the haemagglutination inhibition immunoassay, F. D. P. were identified in 51 of 53 (mean 3.75 mcg/ml, S.D.±2.80) samples of amniotic fluid from healthy patients with normal pregnancies between 14 and 40 weeks gestation. In the hypertensive group of 16 patients the mean F. D. P. level of 5.00 mcg/ml (S.D.±3.25), was not significantly different from the normal group. In 7 patients with anencephalic foetuses the amniotic fluid F. D. P. level was significantly elevated (mean 17.5 mcg/ml, S.D.±5.75), while in 6 patients with hydramnios without foetal anomaly the F. D. P. level (mean 6.00 mcg/ml ±3.25) was not significantly different from the normal group.Characterization of the amniotic fluid F. D. P. was carried out using double immunodiffusion polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The F. D. P. were present in two distinct components. The major fraction was fragment X (M. W. 240,000) and in a lower concentration, fragment D was identified.The detection of raised amniotic fluid F. D. P. levels in early pregnancy may provide a diagnostic test for open central nervous system foetal abnormalities.
Studies on Platelet Factor 4 Like Activity in Atherosclerosis Susceptible and Resistant Pigeons
Authors: Fuster V. , Kottke B. A. , Ruiz G. E. , Lewis J. C. , Bowie E. J. W. , Owen C. A. 
Published: June 2019

Recent studies suggest that a platelet factor(s) may be implicated in the stimulation of the smooth muscle cell proliferation occurring at the initial stages of atherosclerosis. Platelet factor 4 like activity in serum (PF4 = units of heparin neutralized by serum heated to 60° C) was measured at sequential ages in 9 White Carneau pigeons which develop spontaneous atherosclerosis first grossly apparent a 1 year of age (susceptible pigeons) and in 9 Show Racer pigeons which do not develop atherosclerosis (resistant pigeons). The susceptible pigeons developed progressive elevation of serum PF4, the maximal rate of increase being between 6 months (2.05u.) and 1 year (4.05 u.) (p < 0.001) and persisting at 3 years (3.40 u.). By contrast, in the resistant pigeons serum PF4 fell progressively from age 6 months (2.05 u.) to 1 year (1.85 u.) and 3 years (1.45 u.) (p < 0.001). Preliminary studies on thrombocyte count, size and ultrastructure transmission and scanning electronmicroscopy show no obvious differences between the two species of pigeons except for a more irregular and less pseudopodic surface in the thrombocyte of the susceptible pigeons.The study suggests that platelet factor 4 may be correlated with the initiation of atherosclerosis in the pigeon.
Multiple Molecular Forms of Factor VIII
Authors: Seghatchian M. J. , Gaffney P. J. 
Published: June 2019

The notion that factor VIII is present naturally in plasma as a large molecular weight aggregate (MW about 2 × 106) has recently come under scrutiny. This preliminary report of molecular size chromatographic separations (Sepharose 2B, 4B and 6B) of factor VIII in plasma and concentrate preparations suggests that factor VIII activity can exist in at least four different molecular sizes (a) over 2 × 106 (b) about 350,000 (c) about 180,000 and (d) about 60,000.Chromatographic eluates of factor VIII concentrate were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (with and without sodium dodecyl sulphate) and by immunoelectro-phoresis/immunoabsorption techniques against antisera to albumin, fibrinogen and factor VIII (void volume antigen). Varying conditions of chromatography suggested that the different size forms of factor VIII were molecularly interchangable, suggesting that a basic subunit (possibly inactive or nearly so) can associate with itself and/or with other plasma proteins of different sizes. Support for this proposition was found in the consistent presence of factor VIII activity and a low molecular weight (about 60,000) protein in all the chromatographic fractions of factor VIII concentrate from molecular sizes of over 2 × 106 to about 60,000. Another interpretation of the heterogeneity is that factor VIII in vivo is in a state of dynamic equilibrium which can be disrupted in vitro by proteolytic enzymes and/or by processing procedures.
Intravascular Thrombosis and Platelet function in Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Preston F. E. , Timperley W. R. , O’Malley B. C. , Ward J. D. 
Published: June 2019

Peripheral neuropathy is a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus, The precise pathogenesis is unknown. Histological examination of biopsy material obtained from patients with diabetic neuropathy has revealed intravascular fibrin in vessels supplying the sural nerve in 10 out of 25 cases. This finding prompted us to study platelet function in this same group of patients.Blood samples were obtained from fifteen patients. After preparation of platelet-rich plasma, platelet aggregation was measured following the addition of various concentrations of ADP, collagen and adrenaline. The responses were assessed photoelectrically in a temperature-controlled, constantly stirred, non-glass system. In addition the samples were tested for spontaneous platelet aggregation.Spontaneous platelet aggregation was detected in one-third of samples studied, but in none of the controls. Enhanced ADP-induced aggregation was observed in 53% of samples and enhanced adrenaline-induced aggregation in 50%. Similar results were obtained with collagen.The data supports the view that enhanced platelet aggregation and intravascular thrombosis is of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
Coagulation and Fibrinolysis During and after Hepatic Lobectomy in 17 Patients
Authors: Gonard J. , Morisot P. , Huguet C. , Samanta M. 
Published: June 2019

Hepatic lobectomy was performed in 17 patients for tumor (15 cases) or for hepatic cyst (2 cases). With regard to the hepatic lobes resected, there are 2 left lobectomies, 3 right, 9 right extended to the medial segment of the left lobe, 1 atypical resection of the right lobe and 1 of the left lobe, and 1 total hepatectomy followed by hepatic homotransplantation. In 9 patients, laparotomy showed that resection was not possible and they are used as controls.Blood samples were drawn every 30 minutes during operation, every day or every other day during the two post-operative weeks.Increased fibrinolytic activity and positive ethanol gelation tests are frequent but transient during surgery. However hemorragic problems are not encountered if hepatectomy is regulated. Routine administration of PPSB, antifibrinolytics or heparin does not seem to be required.Variations of clotting factors and antithrombin III are observed during the days following surgery.
Effects of Dietary α-Tocopherol and Polyunsaturated Fats on the Fatty Acid Composition of Platelet Phospholipids and on Blood Coagulation
Authors: Korsan-Bengtsen K. , Hallgren B. , Teger-Nilsson A.-C 
Published: June 2019

The study group was 40 male post myocardial infarction patients 47-57 years old. All the participants were investigated two times with two weeks interval after which they were randomly divided into four groups with 10 subjects in each. Group 1 was given alpha-tocopherol 300 mg/day, group 2 was given alpha tocopherol 300 mg/day and a diet containing extra polyunsaturated fats, group 3 was given extra polyunsaturated fats but no extra alpha-tocopherol and group 4 served as a control group – thus continued their ordinary diet. After three months all participants were again investigated twice with two weeks interval.On the values from all 40 subjects before the start of the dietary regimens linear regression analyses showed that there was a significant correlation between the content of the fatty acid 18 : 0 in the serin cephalin fraction and re calcification time in platelet rich plasma (RPRP), and a negative correlation between 20: 4 and RPRP. There was also a correlation between the ratio 18: 0/20: 4 and RPRP and a negative correlation between 18: 0/20: 4 and platelet factor 3 activity in plasma.In group 2 there was a significant decrease in 18:0 and an increase in 20: 4 in the serin cephalin fraction from platelets after the diet period compared to preexperimental values. Russel’s viper venom clotting time (RVV) decreased significantly in group 1. There was a significant correlation between the decrease in RVV and the increase in plasma alphatocopherol.
Fibrinogen-Fibrin Interaction Studied by Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Starnberger A. , Hörmann H. 
Published: June 2019

From human plasma, fibrinogen was adsorbed at 4° C on thrombin activated immobilized fibrinogen. Additionally retained plasma proteins were eluted at 37° C with 1.0 M Trisphosphate buffer, pH 7.6. Fibrinogen was subsequently eluted with 1.0 M KBr. It was free of contaminating proteins and showed a high clottability after removing KBr. Fibrin covalently linked to Sepharose 6B was reduced with dithioerythritol in 8 M urea. Washing with 8 M urea removed only औ-chains and γ-chains, while α-chains remained fixed to the insoluble matrix. Following carboxymethylation, the affinity of the immobilized α-chains to plasma fibrinogen was tested. Fibrinogen was adsorbed as described above. This may indicate that the α-chains are predominantly responsible for fibrinogen-fibrin interaction.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Sonderforschungsbereich 51.
The Effect of Platelet Basic Platelet Proteins on Cell Membranes and Small Vessels
Authors: Molander H. , Jørgensen L. , Seljelid R. 
Published: June 2019

Basic proteins were extracted from washed human platelets and partially purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The platelet basic proteins caused immediate release of histamine from rat mast colls taken from peritoneal cavity and isolated on Ficoll.Platelet basic proteins added to cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages, lead to loss of unit membrane function at 1–6 hours, as evidenced by slCr-leakage and loss of trypan-blue exclution function. This shows that high dosages of the platelet basic protein may have a delayed toxic effect on cell membranes. In rabbits, the basic proteins have both an immediate permeability increasing effect in small vessels inhibited by antihistamine, and a delayed permeability increasing effect on the vessel wall, not inhibited by antihistamine.
Brinase Treatment of Advanced Obliterative Arterial Disease
Authors: Ekeström S. , Frisch E. P. , Lund F. , Magaard F. 
Published: June 2019

Thirtyfive patients with chronic peripheral arterial disease (10 Stage II, 23 Stage III and IV, 2 acute occlusions) were treated with brinase. Arteriosclerosis was the cause of disease in 27 patients, 8 had non-arteriosclerotic obstructions (5 thrombangiitis obliterans, 2 necrotizing vasculitis and 1 systemic lupus erythematodes). Twentyfive patients received full series of brinase treatment, in 10 patients treatment was discontinued (4/10 of reasons related to treatment).Twenty patients were treated by i. v. brinase infusions. Dosage was based on determination of the brinase inhibitor capacity in plasma. In 5 cases brinase was instilled intra-arterially during vascular surgery, treatment was continued by i. v. brinase infusions. All patients except two were anticoagulated (dicoumarol and/or heparin). After initial arteriography the patients were followed by peripheral blood pressure measurement and in part by dynamic fluorescein angiography. Patients, treated peroperatively with brinase, were examined by electromagnetic flowmetry.At termination of brinase treatment 20/25 patients showed clinical improvement. Increase of flow in the superficial femoral artery was recorded after peroperative intra-arterial instillation of brinase. The blood pressure gradient (arm-leg) before treatment (25 patients) was 112±24 mmHg. In patients with arteriosclerotic obstructions showing clinical improvement (14/19) the gradient was lowered to 49±20 mmHg, as compared to 112±27 mmHg in clinical failures. In patients with non-arteriosclerotic occlusions (6/6 improved) the gradient was lowered to 32±21 mmHg. Fluorescein angiography indicated improved microcirculation. Bleeding complications were not observed.
Surface Location of the Soluble Glycoprotein of Human Platelets
Authors: Okumura T. , Jamieson G. A. 
Published: June 2019

A soluble glycoprotein has been isolated in homogenous form from the soluble fraction of human platelet homogenates (FEBS Letters 41, 30, 1974). Chicken antiglycoprotein antisera caused the agglutination of intact platelets and showed specificities directed against the glyeopeptide and peptide portions of the molecule. Treatment of intact platelets with neuraminidase prior to homogenization results in quantitative removal of sialic acid from the isolated glycoprotein. Similarly, radioactivity from 14C-glycine ethyl ester is incorporated into the glycoprotein by extracellular labeling with transglutaminase and it is cleaved to the macroglycopeptide by treatment of intact platelets with chymotrypsin, which does not cause the release reaction. These data indicate a surface location of the glycoprotein in intact platelets.(Supported, in part, by USPHS grants.)
Factor XIII Deficiency in Congenital and Acquired Coagulation Disorders
Authors: Egbring R. , Schmidt W. , Havemann K. , Fuchs G. 
Published: June 2019

According to Bohn the factor XIII molecule consist of 3 subunits (2 subunits A, MW 80,000 and subunit S, MW 180,000 named FSF-binding globulin).In 3 patients with congenital defect (homozygotes) a total deficiency of enzyme activity and subunit A could be demonstrated, whereas subunit S was found to be 50% of normal. After substitution with human factor XIII concentrate an increase of subunit A can be observed by immunochemical methods. During a long term treatment of one patients with factor XIII concentrate since 1970 no antibodies against factor XIII could be detected.In patients with acute leucemia (AML) acquired factor XIII deficiency occured. In this cases both subunits A and S were found to be reduced. This penomenon is not consistent with the concept of DIC.However granulocytic proteases digest both subunits A and S of factor XIII in vitro. Moreover an elastase-like granulocytic protease could be found in plasma of these patients. These results demonstrate that factor XIII deficiency in AML may be due to direct proteolysis by enzymes released from granulocytes.Further investigations suggest that this mechanism may bo operative in patients with septicemia too.
Study of the Distribution of Platelet Volumes in Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tohic F. Le , Prost-Dvojakovic R. J. , Samama M. 
Published: June 2019

The distribution of platelet volumes was studied by Coulter F Counter and Coulter Z Bic Channelyser Model C 1000. Platelet rich plasma from severe thrombocytopenia often gives a curve with an abnormal pattern.A first peak due to particles smaller than 3.5 μ3 is often present and due to elements of discussed origin. A second distribution, of elements larger than 3.5 μ3, corresponds with platelets, and, for sizes over 25 μ3, the shape of the curve can be altered by the presence of red cells or of cell stroma particularity frequent in thrombocytopenic plasma.These abnormal results are however not found when mixtures of platelet rich plasma and platelet poor plasma are used.For a better analysis of the distribution of platelet volumes in severe thrombocytopenia the albumin-gradient separation according to Levy-Toledano was found to be the method of choice in most cases.
Platelet Survival Time in Angina Pectoris Treated with Clofibrate or Placebo
Authors: Jonker J. J. C. , Schopman W. , Riel L. H. M. v. , Steur J. C. v. d. , Stoets W. , Ottolander G.J.H. den 
Published: June 2019

With platelet survival time (PST) determinations we observed in a group of 20 normal volunteers a platelet half life time (T½) of 99.05 hours. In a group of 35 patients with angina pectoris (A. P.) we obtained a T½ of 84.6 hours (p < 0.05).In a second trial on the effect of Clofibrate in patients with E. C. G. proven A. P., we obtained in 46 patients a T½ of 84.9 hours.The difference with the “normal” group was again significant (p < 0.02). When looking at patients with A. P. + hyperliporoteinaemie (HLP), we found in comparison with the “normal” group in A. P. + HLP type IIA: acc. to Frederickson: T½ = 96,7 (ns); in A. P. + HLP type IIB: T½ = 88.3 (p < 0.2), in A. P. + HLP type IV: T½ = 82.2 (p < 0,02).After 6 months treatment with Clofibrate or Placebo there was in the 27 A. P. treated with Clofebrate a significant increase in T½ of 106.8 hours (p < 0.01). In the group A. P. + HLP type IIB T½ = 90 (ns) and in the group A. P. + HLP type IV T½ = 94,3 (ns).In the 27 Clofibrate treated patients cholesterol level decreased from 257 mg% to 217 mg% (p < 0.001), the fibrinogen level from 397 mg% to 247 mg% (p < 0.001) and the ESR from 22 mm to 14,7 mm (p < 0.01). Results and possible explanations will be discussed.
Acquired von Willebrand’s Syndrome and Acquired Thrombopathy in a Patient with a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Wautier J. L. , Levy-Toledano S. , Sultan Y. , Bodevin E. 
Published: June 2019

The patient was 65 years old when she developped spontaneous bleeding. She did not have a family history of abnormal bleeding and profered clear evidence of normal hemostasis before.Bleeding time, platelet aggregation induced by collagen were abnormal. VIII related antigen, ristocetin cofactor were 10 per cent the normal range while VIII procoagulant activity was 50%.Interaction with rabbit sub endothelium was studied: contact and adhesion were 50% of the normal range and thrombi were absent.Infusion of cryoprecipitate corrected partially von Willebrand abnormalities while platelet aggregation induced by collagen remained unchanged. Velocity of platelet aggregation induced by collagen, VIII related antigen and ristocetin cofactor increased moderately after corticotherapy.The association of an acquired thrombopathy and von Willebrand’s disease in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia lead one to wonder about possible relationship between these diseases in this case.
Heterogeneity of Platelets: Origin of Light Platelet Fraction from 32N Megakaryocytes
Authors: Penington D. G. , Lee N. Y. T. , Moore A. , Streatfield K. 
Published: June 2019

Heterogeneity of circulating platelets has been ascribed to ageing but demonstration of differing cytoplasmic features in 8N, 16N and 32N megakaryocytes (Ser. Haemat. 8, 21, 1975) suggests that heterogeneity arises during platelet production.Rat platelets have been separated on continuous density gradients (whole blood on Ludox: PVP) and platelets sized using a Coulter Counter with 24 channel pulse: height analyser. Approx. 80% of rat platelets settle between S. G. 1,058 and 1.067 with marked, consistent size variation (modal channel, 6). Approx. 12% settle between 1,042 and 1,058 and are small in size (modal channel, 3) with few large platelets. Platelets between 1,007 and 1,074 are a mixed population, both large and small.
In vivo 75Se selenomethionine injection gives synchronous labelling of the three density fractions.
IN vitro incubation of platelets with colloidal gold 188Au (200–400 Å) gives more avid labelling of light than of median and heavy platelets. Mature megakaryocytes in vitro also take up colloid and 32N cells, with abundant demarcation tubular system, are particularly heavily labelled. Origin of small light platelets from 32N megakaryocytes is suggested.
Recontextualizing racialized stories on YouTube
Authors: Perrino Sabina M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When stories (re)appear in YouTube videos, they are recontextualized not only by their titling and editing, but especially by chains of online comments. This article explores how a Northern Italian politician’s racialized story, which was first recontextualized by a TV news reporter on a YouTube video, is further recontextualized for different ends by commenters on that video. I show how these commenters negotiate and reframe the racial aspects of digital discourse and its sociocultural meanings through their various responses and across different temporal and spatial scales. By applying linguistic anthropological and sociolinguistic theories and narrative analytical tools to digital storytelling, this study emphasizes how racialized language is neither stable nor unidirectional, but is rather constantly negotiated discursively among various groups of virtual audience members. Besides investigating the pragmatics of narrative interaction in the digital realm, this article speaks to methodological challenges that surround the study of online storytelling.
Sharing the moment as small stories
Authors: Georgakopoulou Alexandra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sharing the moment live, a built-in logic of many social networking sites, is, I claim, an invitation for creating plots, which has led to systematic practices. I single out taking a narrative stance on Facebook as such a practice and show the interplay between key-norms and evolving media affordances for pre-selection of story ingredients, localization, visualization of the experience, and audience selection. These contribute to showing the moment as opposed to telling it, with selected friends serving as knowing co-narrators and with story-linking allowing for allusive, transmedia links. I review these practices in the context of increased story facilities that notably bring together several social media apps. I argue that although this curation promises a move beyond the moment, it ultimately serves to consolidate sharing-lives-in-the-moment. I reflect on the implications of this for the direction of travel in relation to stories on many social media platforms.
A study of phatic emoji use in WhatsApp communication
Authors: Aull Bethany 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMobile messaging is considered as a prominent site for phatic communication, where interpersonal connection is often foregrounded over information transaction. Though frequently overlooked, a large amount of this interpersonal work is done nonverbally through regular and meaningful emoji use. This exploratory study deals with emoji use withinLaver’s (1975)phatic token framework, showing that different relationship structures (e.g., status-differential vs. solidary) correspond to distinct phatic token norms. The article analyzes phatic emoji use in a small-scale corpus of WhatsApp interactions between (a) a teacher and her L2-English students and (b) a teacher and her friends/family. Qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal patterns which widely corroborate Laver’s account of socially marked and unmarked token options: the teacher, the students, and the friends/family members tend towards addressee-specific use of neutral, other-oriented, and self-oriented phatic emojis.
Cooking pasta in La Paz
Authors: Bak Thomas H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Literature on bilingualism and cognition is characterized by a large amount of conflicting evidence. In some studies, bilinguals perform better then monolinguals on executive tasks involving inhibition, monitoring, and switching but are slower on tasks of lexical processing. Other studies don’t find any significant effects and challenge the very existence of cognitive differences between monolinguals and bilinguals. In this paper I question the assumption that different studies performed in different parts of the world should yield the same results. I argue that the environment (in the widest sense of the word) in which an experiment is conducted can exert profound influence on its outcome. Against the background of the current debate about the replication crisis in science, I propose that conflicting evidence is not a threat to the trustworthiness of scientific research but a sign of the health of a discipline and a welcome opportunity to identify new relevant variables.