bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning–aided exploration of relationship between strength and elastic properties in ascending thoracic aneurysm
Authors: Luo Yuanming , Fan Zhiwei , Baek Stephen , Lu Jia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMachine learning was applied to classify tension‐strain curves harvested from inflation tests on ascending thoracic aneurysm samples. The curves were classified into rupture and nonrupture groups using prerupture response features. Two groups of features were used as the basis for classification. The first was the constitutive parameters fitted from the tension‐strain data, and the second was geometric parameters extracted from the tension‐strain curve. Based on the importance scores provided by the machine learning, implications of some features were interrogated. It was found that (1) the value of a constitutive parameter is nearly the same for all members in the rupture group and (2) the strength correlates strongly with a tension in the early phase of response as well as with the end stiffness. The study suggests that the strength, which is not available without rupturing the tissue, may be indirectly inferred from prerupture response features.
ANSYS‐MATLAB co‐simulation of mucus flow distribution and clearance effectiveness of a new simulated cough device
Authors: Ren Shuai , Shi Yan , Cai Maolin , Zhao Hongmei , Zhang Zhaozhi , Zhang Xiaohua Douglas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoughing is an irritable reaction that protects the respiratory system from infection and improves mucus clearance. However, for the patients who cannot cough autonomously, an assisted cough device is essential for mucus clearance. Considering the low efficiency of current assisted cough devices, a new simulated cough device based on the pneumatic system is proposed in this paper. Given the uncertainty of airflow rates necessary to clear mucus from airways, the computational fluid dynamics Eulerian wall film model and cough efficiency (CE) were used in this study to simulate the cough process and evaluate cough effectiveness. The Ansys‐Matlab co‐simulation model was set up and verified through experimental studies using Newtonian fluids. Next, model simulations were performed using non‐Newtonian fluids, and peak cough flow (PCF) and PCF duration time were analyzed to determine their influence on mucus clearance. CE growth rate (λ) was calculated to reflect the CE variation trend. From the numerical simulation results, we find that CE rises as PCF increases while the growth rate trends to slow as PCF increases; when PCF changes from 60 to 360 L/min, CE changes from 3.2% to 51.5% which is approximately 16 times the initial value. Meanwhile, keeping a long PCF duration time could greatly improve CE under the same cough expired volume and PCF. The results indicated that increasing the PCF and PCF duration time can improve the efficiency of mucus clearance. This paper provides a new approach and a research direction for control strategy in simulated cough devices for airway mucus clearance.
Remarkable Confinement Effect of Nanofiber in Carbon Nanotubes for Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols with α‐Diaminobenzene: A Route for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles
Authors: Shaikh Melad , Yadav Richa , Tyagi Pawan K. , Mishra Lallan , Ranganath Kalluri V. S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMagnetic nanofiber (MNF) confined in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been efficiently used in dehydrogenative coupling. A remarkable effect has been observed in the coupling of alcohols with diaminobenzene. This represents a new method to produce benzimidazoles in high yields under heterogeneous conditions without using expensive metals such as Pt, Ru, and Ir. This MNF was synthesized by reacting magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) with various spacers such as di‐, tri‐ and tetracarboxylic acids.
An adaptive approach to create on‐demand color schemes for mapping quantitative geographic data
Authors: Wu Mingguang , Chen Taisheng , Wang Hong , Lv Guonian , Zhu A‐Xing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCreating a satisfying quantitative color scheme is challenging for both novices and experts. Geovisualization often suffers from the misuse and misunderstanding of quantitative color schemes. This article presents an adaptive method to create ready‐to‐use quantitative schemes. A probability‐based method for color selection is presented to quantify the selection of quantitative colors from learning samples of varying popularity. To shape the color transitions, a regression analysis is performed to fit the mathematical curves for the transitions of hue, saturation, and brightness. Finally, the problem of creating satisfying quantitative schemes is translated into a multiconstraint optimization problem. A discretize‐and‐filter method is also presented to solve the optimization problem of globally identifying a suitable scheme in a continuous color space. The proposed method is evaluated with a case study, and the results indicate that the proposed method can derive satisfying schemes. In addition, the proposed method is adaptive to mapping feature, target reader and target device.
Costs and benefits of admixture between foreign genotypes and local populations in the field
Authors: Shi Jun , Joshi Jasmin , Tielbörger Katja , Verhoeven Koen J. F. , Macel Mirka 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdmixture is the hybridization between populations within one species. It can increase plant fitness and population viability by alleviating inbreeding depression and increasing genetic diversity. However, populations are often adapted to their local environments and admixture with distant populations could break down local adaptation by diluting the locally adapted genomes. Thus, admixed genotypes might be selected against and be outcompeted by locally adapted genotypes in the local environments. To investigate the costs and benefits of admixture, we compared the performance of admixed and within‐population F1 and F2 generations of the European plant Lythrum salicaria in a reciprocal transplant experiment at three European field sites over a 2‐year period. Despite strong differences between site and plant populations for most of the measured traits, including herbivory, we found limited evidence for local adaptation. The effects of admixture depended on experimental site and plant population, and were positive for some traits. Plant growth and fruit production of some populations increased in admixed offspring and this was strongest with larger parental distances. These effects were only detected in two of our three sites. Our results show that, in the absence of local adaptation, admixture may boost plant performance, and that this is particularly apparent in stressful environments. We suggest that admixture between foreign and local genotypes can potentially be considered in nature conservation to restore populations and/or increase population viability, especially in small inbred or maladapted populations.
Fish presence and inter‐patch connectivity interactively alter the size of emergent insects in experimental enclosures
Authors: Pitcher Kristopher A. , Soluk Daniel A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStructural habitat complexity (SHC) and functional habitat connectivity (FHC) are the basic components that make up the physical architecture of an ecosystem, and can have substantial impacts on predator–prey interactions. These structural components influence animal behaviors such as inter‐patch movement, foraging, and competition, and can impact community structure/dynamics in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The effects of SHC and FHC on predator–prey dynamics within an ecosystem may also have important cascading effects on neighboring ecosystems by altering the movement of individuals across ecosystem boundaries. For example, when aquatic insects emerge as adults, they enter terrestrial ecosystems where they become an important food resource for terrestrial predators. Using a multiple patch, predator enclosure design in ponds, we tested whether altering intra‐patch plant stem densities (SHC) and inter‐patch distances (FHC) would influence the impact a predatory fish has on the biomass, quality, and trophic composition of emergent insects. As expected, fish significantly reduced emergent insect biomass (33% ± 7.6, mean ± SE). Intra‐patch stem densities (SHC) did not significantly alter fish effects; however, inter‐patch distance (FHC) did significantly alter the impact of fish on the size of some emergent insects. Damselflies that emerged in treatments with fish present and shorter inter‐patch distances were significantly larger, 4.1 ± 0.1 mg/m2 compared to 3.3 mg/m2 ± 0.1 in the long/fish treatments. In fish treatments, this effect on damselfly size resulted in greater reductions in total emergent insect biomass in long inter‐patch distance treatments (47.3% ± 6.9) compared to short inter‐patch distance treatments (20.5% ± 12.4). Our results suggest that physical components of a habitat, such as inter‐patch distances, have important impacts on predator–prey dynamics within habitats. These altered predator–prey dynamics can then have cascading effects on adjacent habitats by influencing the abundance, trophic composition, and quality of exported trophic subsidies.
The association between patient–professional partnerships and self‐management of chronic back pain: A mixed methods study
Authors: Fu Y. , Yu G. , McNichol E. , Marczewski K. , Closs S.J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐management is recommended for patients with chronic back pain. Health professionals’ support for self‐management can be more effective when working in partnership with patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between patient–professional partnerships and the self‐management of chronic back pain.MethodsAn explanatory sequential mixed methods study was undertaken. Adults with chronic back pain referred to pain management clinics participated at baseline and 3‐month follow‐up. Their pain severity, partnerships with health professionals and self‐management ability were measured. Hierarchical linear regression was undertaken to examine the strength of the associations between partnerships and self‐management. A subsample was interviewed about experiences of the impact of patient–professional partnerships on their self‐management ability, using a grounded theory approach.ResultsA total of 147 patients were recruited and 103 (70%) patients completed the follow‐up. A strong association (p < 0.001) was detected between patient–professional partnerships and all dimensions of self‐management ability. This was validated by interviews with a subsample of 26 patients. Four themes emerged as follows: connecting with health professionals, being supported through partnerships, feeling positive and making progress towards self‐management, and acknowledging the impact but feeling no difference.ConclusionsDeveloping a partnership in care may improve patients’ ability to gain knowledge, manage side effects and symptoms and adhere to treatment. It helped strengthen health professionals’ support and produce a sense of safety for patients. Guiding health professionals in building partnerships where expectations are acknowledged and tailored information and support are provided could be considered as part of the standard education and training.SignificanceThis study identified and validated strong associations between patient–professional partnerships and self‐management. Support for self‐management alone may not be sufficient, and building partnerships where patients and professionals work together towards agreed goals make an essential contribution to helping increase patients’ ability to self‐manage chronic back pain.
Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Determination of L‐Cysteine Based on Cerium Oxide Nanofibers Modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode
Authors: Cao Fei , Dong Qiuchen , Li Caolong , Kwak Dongwook , Huang Yikun , Song Donghui , Lei Yu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel L‐cysteine (CysH) electrochemical sensor based on CeO2 nanofibers (NFs) modified screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) was developed. The morphology and the structure of the as‐prepared CeO2 NFs were first characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction pattern (XRD), respectively. The electrochemical and electrocatalytic performances of the CeO2 NFs modified SPCEs were then evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Experimental results showed that the CeO2 NFs modified SPCEs possess excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the detection of CysH. Specifically, the developed electrochemical sensor demonstrated a high sensitivity of 120 μA mM−1 cm−2, a low detection limit of 20 nM (signal to noise ratio of 3) and a wide linear range up to 200 μM for the determination of CysH, which are among the best values reported in literature. In addition, good selectivity and outstanding intra‐ and inter‐electrode reproducibility have also been observed. Furthermore, the developed CysH sensor was applied to detect CysH spiked into human serum samples with remarkable accuracy. All these features indicate that CeO2 NFs hold great promise in the development of high performance electrochemical sensor for CysH.
Geochemical characterization, petrogenesis, and emplacement tectonics of Paleoproterozoic high‐Ti and low‐Ti mafic intrusive rocks from the western Arunachal Himalaya, northeastern India and their possible relation to the ~1.9 Ga LIP event of the Indian shield
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh K. , Samal Amiya K. 
Published: March 2018

Paleoproterozoic mafic intrusive rocks from the western Arunachal Himalaya have been studied for understanding their petrogenesis and tectonic environment, in which they were emplaced, with the help of their bulk‐rock major, trace, and rare‐earth elements (REE) compositions. These mafic intrusive rocks, mostly small bodies of dykes, sills, and lenses, are exposed in the Higher as well as the Lesser Himalaya sequences. Geochemically, 2 suites of rocks are identified and grouped into high‐titanium and low‐titanium mafic intrusive rocks. High‐titanium mafic intrusive (HTMI) samples have comparatively low Mg number (Mg#) and high high‐field strength element contents in comparison to low‐titanium mafic intrusive (LTMI) rocks. Multielements and REE patterns for these two identified groups are distinct. The LTMI and HTMI were originally spatially separated at the time of their emplacement and believed that probably they have been juxtaposed during the Himalayan orogeny by crustal shortening through development of imbricated thrusts. It is perceived that the HTMI and LTMI have different petrogenetic histories and are derived from two different melts; however, they are postulated to be parts of the same igneous province. Geochemical characteristics do not support any serious effect of crustal contamination; however, interaction with metasomatized lithospheric mantle cannot be discounted. Trace element petrogenetic modelling suggests derivation of the LTMI samples from a parental magma generated in spinel stability field (thin lithosphere) through a ~20–25% melting of a lherzolite mantle source, whereas the HTMI samples were derived from ~5–10% melting of a similar mantle source but from garnet stability field (thick lithosphere). Widespread Paleoproterozoic mafic events in the Indian shield such as Bastanar dyke swarm in the Bastar and the Hampi dyke swarm (also includes Pulivendla sills in the Cuddapah Basin) in the eastern Dharwar Craton together with mafic intrusive and extrusive rocks in the Himalayan region suggest presence of a large igneous province at ~1.9 Ga.
Suicide among nursing home residents in Australia: A national population‐based retrospective analysis of medico‐legal death investigation information
Authors: Murphy Briony J. , Bugeja Lyndal C. , Pilgrim Jennifer L. , Ibrahim Joseph E. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesSuicide among nursing home residents is a growing public health concern, currently lacking in empirical research. This study aims to describe the frequency and nature of suicide among nursing home residents in Australia.MethodsThis research comprised a national population‐based retrospective analysis of suicide deaths among nursing home residents in Australia reported to the Coroner between July 2000 and December 2013. Cases were identified using the National Coronial Information System, and data collected from paper‐based coroners' records on individual, incident, and organizational factors, as well as details of the medico‐legal death investigation. Data analysis comprised univariate and bivariate descriptive statistical techniques; ecological analysis of incidence rates using population denominators; and comparison of age and sex of suicide cases to deaths from other causes using logistic regression.ResultsThe study identified 141 suicides among nursing home residents, occurring at a rate of 0.02 deaths per 100 000 resident bed days. The ratio of deaths from suicide to deaths from any other cause was higher in males than females (OR = 3.56, 95%CI = 2.48–5.12, P = <0.001). Over half of the residents who died from suicide had a diagnosis of depression (n = 93, 66.0%) and had resided in the nursing home for less than 12 months (n = 71, 50.3%). Common major life stressors identified in suicide cases included the following: health deterioration (n = 112, 79.4%); isolation and loneliness (n = 60, 42.6%); and maladjustment to nursing home life (n = 42, 29.8%).ConclusionsThis research provides a foundational understanding of suicide among nursing home residents in Australia and contributes important new information to the international knowledge base.
Hand gestures support word learning in patients with hippocampal amnesia
Authors: Hilverman Caitlin , Cook Susan Wagner , Duff Melissa C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCo‐speech hand gesture facilitates learning and memory, yet the cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting this remain unclear. One possibility is that motor information in gesture may engage procedural memory representations. Alternatively, iconic information from gesture may contribute to declarative memory representations mediated by the hippocampus. To investigate these alternatives, we examined gesture's effects on word learning in patients with hippocampal damage and declarative memory impairment, with intact procedural memory, and in healthy and in brain‐damaged comparison groups. Participants learned novel label‐object pairings while producing gesture, observing gesture, or observing without gesture. After a delay, recall and object identification were assessed. Unsurprisingly, amnesic patients were unable to recall the labels at test. However, they correctly identified objects at above chance levels, but only if they produced a gesture at encoding. Comparison groups performed well above chance at both recall and object identification regardless of gesture. These findings suggest that gesture production may support word learning by engaging nondeclarative (procedural) memory.
Fatigue resistance, electrochemical corrosion and biological response of Ti‐15Mo with surface modified by amorphous TiO2 nanotubes layer
Authors: Campanelli Leonardo C. , Oliveira Nilson T. C. , da Silva Paulo Sergio C. P. , Bolfarini Claudemiro , Palmieri Annalisa , Cura Francesca , Carinci Francesco , Motheo Artur J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe objective of this work was a systemic evaluation of the anodizing treatment in a β‐type Ti‐15Mo alloy to grow a TiO2 nanostructured layer for osseointegration improvement. The technical viability of the surface modification was assessed based on the resistance to mechanical fatigue, electrochemical corrosion, and biological response. By using an organic solution of NH4F in ethylene glycol, a well‐organized array of 90 nm diameter nanotubes was obtained with a potential of 40 V for 6 h, while undefined nanotubes of 25 nm diameter were formed with a potential of 20 V for 1 h. Nevertheless, the production of the 90 nm diameter nanotubes was followed by micrometer pits that significantly reduced the fatigue performance. The undefined nanotubes of 25 nm diameter, besides the greater cell viability and improved osteoblastic cell differentiation in comparison to the as‐polished surface, were not deleterious to the fatigue and corrosion properties. This result strengthens the necessity of an overall evaluation of the anodizing treatment, particularly the fatigue resistance, before suggesting it for the design of implants. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 86–96, 2019.
Silk fibroin produced by transgenic silkworms overexpressing the Arg‐Gly‐Asp motif accelerates cutaneous wound healing in mice
Authors: Baba Atsunori , Matsushita Shigeto , Kitayama Kasumi , Asakura Tetsuo , Sezutsu Hideki , Tanimoto Akihide , Kanekura Takuro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe investigated the effect of silk fibroin (SF) on wound healing in mice. SF or an amorphous SF film (ASFF) prepared from silk produced by the wild‐type silkworm Bombyx mori (WT‐SF, WT‐ASFF) or by transgenic worms that overexpress the Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) sequence (TG‐SF, TG‐ASFF) was placed on 5‐mm diameter full‐thickness skin wounds made by biopsy punch on the back of 8–12 week‐old BALB/c mice. Each wound was covered with WT‐ASFF and urethane film (UF), TG‐ASFF plus UF, or UF alone (control). Wound closure, histological thickness, the area of granulation tissue, and neovascularization were analyzed 4, 8, and 12 days later. The effect of SF on cell migration and proliferation was examined in vitro by scratch‐ and MTT‐assay using human dermal fibroblasts. Wound closure was prompted by TG‐ASFF, granulation tissue was thicker and larger in ASFF‐treated wounds than the control, and neovascularization was promoted significantly by WT‐ASFF. Both assays showed that SF induced the migration and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. The effects of TG‐ASFF and TG‐SF on wound closure, granulation formation, and cell proliferation were more profound than that of WT‐ASFF and WT‐SF. We document that SF accelerates cutaneous wound healing, and this effect is enhanced with TG‐SF. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 97–103, 2019.