bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a quiescent typhoon season over the western North Pacific following a strong El Niño event?
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Liguang , Zhao Haikun , Cao Jian , Tian Wei 
Published: September 2018

Previous studies found that tropical cyclone (TC) formation is generally suppressed over the western North Pacific (WNP) following strong El Niño events. The 2015/2016 event is identified as one of the three major El Niño events since 1950. However, a climatological average of 26 named TCs occurred over the WNP in 2016. The plausible causes for this inconsistency are investigated in this study.By examining the historical records, we also found that 28 named TCs occurred over the WNP following 1991/1992 El Niño. For most strong El Niño cases, the suppressed TC formation in the ensuing early season (January–June) can persist to the peak season and lead to the negative TC frequency anomalies. However, TC formation turns to be active during August–October in 1992 and 2016, offsetting the suppressed TC formation in the early season and thus resulting in the climatological annual TC counts. It is found that anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) cooling over the north Indian Ocean and SST warming over the tropical North Pacific contribute to the enhanced TC formation in 1992 by stimulating an anomalous cyclonic circulation over the WNP, while the tri‐polar SST pattern across the tropical Indo‐western Pacific Ocean and the related convergence zone over 130°–160°E are responsible for the enhanced TC formation in 2016. The results indicate the crucial role of SST evolution over the north Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific in TC formation following strong El Niño events, which has important implication for the seasonal forecasting of TC activity over the WNP.
Ameliorative effect of hesperidin on ligation‐induced periodontitis in rats
Authors: Kuo Po‐Jan , Fu Earl , Lin Chi‐Yu , Ku Cheng‐Te , Chiang Cheng‐Yang , Fu Martin MJ , Fu Min‐Wen , Tu Hsiao‐Pei , Chiu Hsien‐Chung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the ameliorative effect of hesperidin (HES), an anti‐inflammatory flavanone, in rats with ligation (Lig)‐induced periodontitis.MethodsA total of 48 rats were randomly divided into non‐ligation group (NL), Lig group, and two ligation‐plus‐HES groups (L+H). HES was administered immediately after ligature placement at a dose of 75 or 150 mg/kg by intragastric feeding. Destruction of the ligated maxillary second and mandibular first molars were evaluated by dental radiography, microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT), and histometry performed after sacrificing the rats on the seventh day. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger (m)RNAs in the gingiva were determined by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of iNOS was examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe dental radiography and micro‐CT findings revealed significantly increased alveolar bone loss in the Lig group, which was significantly prevented by HES. The histometry results revealed less gingival inflammation and connective tissue loss in the L+H groups compared with that in the Lig group. The mRNA expression levels of IL‐6, IL‐1 β, and iNOS were significantly increased in the Lig group but were reduced in the L+H groups. The immunostaining results showed that the ligation‐induced iNOS expression was also decreased by HES.ConclusionsOral administration of HES promotes an ameliorative effect against the ligation‐induced alveolar bone loss and effectively inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis. Therefore, HES may be a good candidate for modulating oral inflammatory diseases.
Impact of polyphenols on the headspace concentration of aroma compounds in apple cider
Authors: Guo Jing , Yue Tianli , Yuan Yahong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo study the effect of polyphenols on the release of aroma compounds in apple cider, the impact of (−)‐epicatechin, hydrocaffeic acid and phloridzin on volatility of 12 typical aroma compounds was investigated by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.RESULTSAnalysis of variance results showed that increased concentrations of the phenolic compounds significantly affected the headspace concentration of most aroma compounds. The three polyphenols induced a volatility decrease for the majority of hydrophobic aroma compounds, while they exhibited an opposite behavior by salting out some hydrophilic alcohols. (−)‐Epicatechin and hydrocaffeic acid showed a higher retention effect on most hydrophobic aroma compounds than phloridzin did.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that the polyphenols had varying effects on aroma compound volatility in apple cider. The physicochemical characteristics and spatial conformation of polyphenols and aroma compounds influenced the magnitude of aroma–polyphenol interaction in apple cider. Understanding the effects of polyphenols on aroma release can improve the prediction of aroma profiles through chemical analysis, which assists cidermakers in improving the aroma quality of apple cider. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Let's stay together: A survey of relationships between American university presses and their host institutions
Authors: Bayer Lisa 
Published: September 2018

Key points

American university presses have widely varying organizational and cultural relationships with their host institutions.
A survey of primarily US university presses, including the University of Georgia Press, reveals a range of strategies, most of which involved close collaboration with the parent organization.
Of 44 presses responding to the survey, 43 said that they purposely align their mission and publishing activities with those of their host institution.
Free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for external hemipelvectomy reconstruction
Authors: Tashiro Kensuke , Arikawa Masaki , Fukunaga Yutaka , Nakatani Fumihiko , Kobayashi Eisuke , Kawai Akira , Miyamoto Shimpei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionExternal hemipelvectomy is one of the most extensive surgical procedures for locally advanced pelvic tumors. Stump coverage with the local tissues can be difficult in recurrent cases. Herein, we report our experience with immediate stump coverage using a free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (LDMC) flap after external hemipelvectomy for recurrent pelvic malignancies.MethodsSix patients underwent external hemipelvectomy and immediate reconstruction using a free LDMC flap between November 2012 and June 2017. The mean age of the patients was 65 years (range: 63–69 years). The primary tumors were myxoid liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and pleomorphic liposarcoma. A free LDMC flap was harvested from the ipsilateral back and transferred to the defect. When an intercostal nerve was found at the recipient site, the thoracodorsal nerve was coaptated with the intercostal nerve to reinnervate the muscle.ResultsThe mean flap size was 23 × 10 cm and the range was 20 × 8–27 × 13.5 cm. The contralateral deep inferior epigastric vessels were used as recipient vessels in all patients. Thoracodorsal–intercostal nerve coaptation was performed in 2 patients. The flap survived in all patients. Three patients had complications of abscess formation. No patient developed postoperative hernia.ConclusionAlthough it is challenging to do reconstruction after external hemipelvectomy, a free LDMC flap has several advantages, including a large coverage area, stability of circulation, ease of elevation, and preservation of the strength of the remaining abdominal wall. Technical tips for selecting anastomosis vessels are important and nerve coaptation could be effective.
Governance‐related values as dimensions of good water governance
Authors: Schulz Christopher 
Published: September 2018

While many studies have investigated governance‐related values such as sustainability, economic efficiency, or social justice as dimensions of good water governance, the concept of governance‐related values as a separate category of values has received considerably less attention. The present study reviews existing, mostly normative work on governance‐related values and water governance from various disciplines, including policy‐oriented and water ethics literature. The review points towards a lack of studies that seek to understand empirically how governance‐related values are perceived and related in the mind of the public as well as among relevant stakeholders. The study proceeds with an illustration of how quantitative research methods can be used to study these linkages in practice. It uses data from a large household survey on public preferences for governance‐related values conducted in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, and examines these with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques. The results suggest that there may be three relevant broad categories of governance‐related values, namely democratic governance‐related values, economic governance‐related values, and scientific governance‐related values. The article concludes by pointing out the need for further empirical research and academic debate on the fundamental ways in which governance‐related values are interrelated as dimensions of good water governance, and environmental governance more broadly.This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Value of Water
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Some solutions of minimaxmax problems for the torsional displacements of rectangular plates
Authors: Antunes Pedro R.S. , Gazzola Filippo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe consider an optimal shape problem aiming to reduce the torsional displacements of a partially hinged rectangular plate. The cost functional is the gap function, namely the maximum difference of displacements between the two free edges of the plate. We seek optimal shapes for reinforcements in order to minimize the gap function. This leads to a minimaxmax problem that we address both theoretically and numerically in some particular situations. Our results are in line with the expected behavior of bridges and they also give some hints for designs of future bridges.
The Attention Economy
Authors: Hendricks Vincent F. , Vestergaard Mads 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAccording to legend, Abraham Lincoln was willing to walk several miles in order to borrow a book while growing up in Indiana during the early nineteenth century. “My best friend is the man who’ll get me a book I ain’t read,” young Lincoln is reported to have said. Literature was scarce, difficult to access, and precious. Not only literature but information in general was hard to come by. Whether news from afar, new knowledge and insight, or simple entertainment, it usually took effort and came at considerable expense to get hold of information.
The Post-factual Democracy
Authors: Hendricks Vincent F. , Vestergaard Mads 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn 2016 “post-truth” was the word of the year in Oxford Dictionaries. Post-truth is defined as “relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief’.” Oxford attributed the nomination to the fact that post-truth went from a peripheral concept to exploding in popularity in 2016 pace the British vote on the EU leading to Brexit and with the American presidential election.
Frequency and Circumstances of Falls Reported by Ambulatory Unilateral Lower Limb Prosthesis Users: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Kim Janis , Major Matthew J. , Hafner Brian , Sawers Andrew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMore than 50% of lower limb prosthesis (LLP) users report falling at least once a year, placing them at high risk for adverse health outcomes such as decreased mobility and diminished quality of life. Efforts to decrease falls in LLP users have traditionally focused on developing clinical tests to assess fall risk, designing prosthetic components to improve patient safety, and identifying risk factors to recognize potential fallers. Little attention has been directed toward recording, reporting, and characterizing the circumstances of falls in LLP users. Identifying the most common types of falls could help guide and prioritize clinical and research needs.ObjectiveTo characterize the frequency and circumstances of falls reported by unilateral LLP users.DesignSecondary analysis of data from 2 cross‐sectional studies.SettingOutpatient clinic and research laboratory.ParticipantsAmbulatory unilateral transtibial and transfemoral LLP users (N = 66).InterventionNone.OutcomeA fall‐type classification framework was developed based on biomechanical theory and published falls terminology. Self‐reported falls and accompanying narrative descriptions of LLP users’ falls in the previous 12 months were analyzed with the framework. Frequencies, estimated proportions, and estimated counts were compared across fall circumstances using 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThirty‐eight participants (57.6%) reported 90 falls during the previous year. All reported falls were successfully categorized using the proposed framework. Most falls occurred from disruptions to the base of support, intrinsic destabilizing factors, and a diverse set of fall patterns. Walking on level terrain was the most common activity at the time of a fall.ConclusionThis secondary analysis showed that falls remain frequent in ambulatory LLP users and that clinicians and researchers might wish to prioritize falls owing to disruptions of the base of support that occur while walking. Additional research with a larger sample is required to confirm and expand these results.Level of EvidenceIII
The association of Leptospermum honey with cytokine expression in the sinonasal epithelium of chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Manji Jamil , Thamboo Andrew , Sunkaraneni Vishnu , Singh Amrit , Tebbutt Scott , Garnis Cathie , Javer Amin 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo identify the differences in cytokine expression between sinonasal tissue from patients treated with Leptospermum (Manuka) honey (LH) irrigation versus normal saline irrigation twice‐daily for twelve weeks following sinus surgery (FESS).MethodsForty‐six CRS patients were recruited. Sinus tissue biopsies were collected during FESS and then at 5 and 12 weeks postoperatively during the course of treatment. A multi‐plex cytokine assay quantified the abundance of 17 cytokines in biopsied tissue. Cytokine expression fold‐change was analyzed between each time point using a robust linear regression model and compared between the two treatment groups.ResultsCompared to the saline irrigation group, five cytokines were differently expressed (CI = 95%) in sinonasal tissue obtained from subjects in the LH irrigation group during the 12‐week treatment period. Cytokines IL‐6 (P = 0.0400), IL‐8 (P = 0.0398), MCP‐1 (P = 0.0284), and MIP‐1β (P = 0.016) were significantly increased in the LH irrigation group compared to the saline irrigation group. IL‐13 was significantly increased in the saline irrigation group compared to the LH group (P = 0.0086).ConclusionLH may potentially act to modulate the expression of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐13, MCP‐1 and MIP‐1β in sinonasal tissue.
Low vowel variation in three French-speaking countries
Authors: Berns Janine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is commonly noted that standard French is losing the contrast between its two low vowels /a/ and /ɑ/, due to the fronting of the back vowel. The difference in length, which accompanied the qualitative difference of this pair, is affected as well. In mainland France, this tendency can be found to various degrees across the country, and is spreading throughout the speech community. This article further develops the picture of the current status of the low vowel contrast by investigating Belgian and Swiss French, where length is known to play overall a far more prominent role in the vowel inventories than it does in standard French. Are Belgian and Swiss French also affected by the merger of the two low vowels? To what extent can a difference in length and/or timbre still be found? And how do the patterns of contrast neutralisation/preservation relate to the developments in France?
Serum ferritin levels are associated with insulin resistance in Chinese men and post-menopausal women: the Shanghai Changfeng study
Authors: Ma Hui , Lin Huandong , Hu Yu , Li Xiaoming , He Wanyuan , Jin Xuejuan , Gao Jian , Zhao Naiqing , Pan Boshen , Gao Xin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAssociations between ferritin and insulin sensitivity have been described in recent studies. The possible association showed conflicting results by sex and menopausal status. We aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association of ferritin levels with insulin resistance and β-cell function. A total of 2518 participants (1033 men, 235 pre-menopausal women and 1250 post-menopausal women) were enrolled from the Changfeng Study. A standard interview was conducted, as well as anthropometric measurements and laboratory analyses, for each participant. The serum ferritin level was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Insulin resistance and β-cell function indices were derived from a homeostasis model assessment. The results showed that the serum ferritin levels were 250·4 (sd 165·2), 94·6 (sd 82·0) and 179·8 (sd 126·6) ng/ml in the men, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women, respectively. In fully adjusted models (adjusting for age, current smoking, BMI, waist:hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TAG, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, log urine albumin:creatinine ratio, leucocytes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase), serum ferritin concentrations are significantly associated with insulin resistance in men and post-menopausal females, and the null association was observed in pre-menopausal females. Interestingly, an increased β-cell function associated with higher ferritin was observed in post-menopausal participants, but not in male participants. In conclusion, these results suggested that elevated serum ferritin levels were associated with surrogate measures of insulin resistance among the middle-aged and elderly male and post-menopausal women, but not in pre-menopausal women.
Optimal design and evaluation of a dexterous 4 DoFs haptic device based on delta architecture
Authors: Préault Célestin , Saafi Houssem , Laribi Med Amine , Zeghloul Said 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYThis paper introduces a novel kinematic of a four degrees of freedom (DoFs) device based on Delta architecture. This new device is expected to be used as a haptic device for tele-operation applications. The challenging task was to obtain orientation DoFs from the Delta structure. A fourth leg is added to the Delta structure to convert translations into rotations and to provide translation of the handle. The fourth leg is linked to the base and to the moving platform by two universal joints. The architecture as well as the kinematic model of the new structure, called 4haptic, are presented. Comparisons in terms of kinematic behavior between the 4haptic device and the existing device developed based on spherical parallel manipulator architecture are presented. The results prove the improved behavior of the 4haptic device offering a singularity-free useful workspace, which makes it a suitable candidate to tele-operated system for Minimally Invasive Surgery. The dimensions of the 4haptic device, having the smallest workspace containing a prespecified region in space, are identified based on an optimal dimensional synthesis method.
Sleep Biomarkers, Health Comorbidities, and Neurocognition in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Considine Ciaran M. , Parker Hillary A. , Briggs Jeralee , Quasney Erin E. , Larson Eric R. , Smith Heather , Shollenbarger Skyler G. , Abeare Christopher A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectives:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive impairment but the relationships between specific biomarkers and neurocognitive domains remain unclear. The present study examined the influence of common health comorbidities on these relationships. Adults with suspected OSA (N=60; 53% male; M age=52 years;SD=14) underwent neuropsychological evaluation before baseline polysomnography (PSG). Apneic syndrome severity, hypoxic strain, and sleep architecture disturbance were assessed through PSG.Methods:Depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, CESD), pain, and medical comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index) were measuredviaquestionnaires. Processing speed, attention, vigilance, memory, executive functioning, and motor dexterity were evaluated with cognitive testing. A winnowing approach identified 9 potential moderation models comprised of a correlated PSG variable, comorbid health factor, and cognitive performance.Results:Regression analyses identified one significant moderation model: average blood oxygen saturation (AVO2) and depression predicting recall memory, accounting for 31% of the performance variance,p<.001. Depression was a significant predictor of recall memory,p<.001, but AVO2 was not a significant predictor. The interaction between depression and AVO2 was significant, accounting for an additional 10% of the variance,p<.001. The relationship between low AVO2 and low recall memory performance emerged when depression severity ratings approached a previously established clinical cutoff score (CESD=16).Conclusions:This study examined sleep biomarkers with specific neurocognitive functions among individuals with suspected OSA. Findings revealed that depression burden uniquely influence this pathophysiological relationship, which may aid clinical management. (JINS, 2018,28, 864–875)
The Accumulation of Slip Deficit in Subduction Zones in the Absence of Mechanical Coupling: Implications for the Behavior of Megathrust Earthquakes
Authors: Herman Matthew W. , Furlong Kevin P. , Govers Rob 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe distribution of slip during subduction megathrust earthquakes depends on the slip deficit that accumulates on the plate interface prior to the event. We develop 3‐D finite element models of subduction zones to investigate how locked zones restrict surrounding regions on the plate boundary from sliding. What is new is that we quantify the slip around asperities on the megathrust. The models show plate interface slip increasing from zero at the edge of a locked zone to the relative plate motion over a distance of ~200 km along the megathrust. This area of reduced slip accumulates a seismic moment deficit up to 10 times larger than the moment deficit in the asperity alone. Updip of locked areas, slip at the trench can be reduced by more than 50% of the plate motion. Despite large displacements of the upper plate near the trench, this region moves as a semirigid block. Rupture models of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, its tsunami characteristics, and geophysical observations near the trench can be interpreted to reflect the consequences of slip deficit accumulated on a low friction interface updip of the seismogenic zone. Neighboring asperities affect plate interface slip in a nonlinear way. Multiple asperities have overlapping pseudo‐coupled regions that may restrict the magnitude of coseismic slip in single‐asperity ruptures. Once an earthquake has a rupture length greater than ~250 km, it may recover the entire accumulated slip deficit. This is consistent with the magnitude of coseismic slip in several recent great megathrust earthquakes.