bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase I Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Sciatic Nerve Block in the Popliteal Fossa for Bunionectomy
Authors: Sessler Daniel I. , Bao Xiaodong , Leiman David , Song Jia , Chittenden Jason , Voelkner Alexander , Turan Alparslan , Gadsden Jeffrey 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis trial assessed the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of liposomal bupivacaine given via ultrasound‐guided popliteal sciatic nerve block with or without immediate‐release bupivacaine hydrochloride in adults having bunionectomies. Forty‐five adults were enrolled into four sequential cohorts: (1) liposomal bupivacaine 266 mg with bupivacaine hydrochloride 50 mg; (2) liposomal bupivacaine 133 mg with bupivacaine hydrochloride 50 mg; (3) liposomal bupivacaine 266 mg; or (4) bupivacaine hydrochloride 100 mg. Outcomes included pharmacokinetics (e.g., bupivacaine maximum plasma concentration [Cmax]), onset and duration of motor and sensory nerve block, and safety. Liposomal bupivacaine admixed with bupivacaine hydrochloride produced biphasic bupivacaine plasma disposition profiles with two distinct peaks. Geometric mean Cmax of the early peak ranged from 235 to 421 ng/mL and the geometric mean of the late Cmax was ∼30%–50% lower than the early peak. Median time to sensory block onset was 18 to 29 min in all cohorts. Sensory blocks lasted about twice as long with liposomal bupivacaine (median, 119–167 h) than with bupivacaine hydrochloride alone (median, 67 h). There were no serious adverse events. In conclusion, liposomal bupivacaine provided prolonged sensory nerve block when given as popliteal sciatic nerve blocks with or without bupivacaine hydrochloride, and bupivacaine plasma concentrations were well below the lower bound of the toxicity threshold of 2000 ng/mL for all cohorts.
Application Value of Two‐Dimensional Ultrasound Combined With Three‐Dimensional Power Doppler in the Prediction of Macrosomia in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Qin Man , Zhu Tong , Wang Wenwen , Tang Lin , Wang Yanna , Chen Ling 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the value of two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound combined with three‐dimensional power Doppler (3D‐PD) in the prediction of macrosomia in early pregnancy.MethodsA total of 171 singleton pregnant women who underwent prenatal ultrasound examination at 11+0–13+6 weeks of gestation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from October 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the research subjects. They were followed up until delivery. Their general data and Doppler ultrasound parameters were recorded and analyzed. The differences in ultrasound data between the two groups were compared, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the parameters.ResultsCompared with the normal group, the macrosomia group had significantly higher biparietal diameter, placental volume, and placental microvascular index (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIncreased placental vascular perfusion occurs in macrosomia during early pregnancy. The vascularization‐flow index (VFI) had a high predictive value for macrosomia (AUC = 0.826), and 2D ultrasound combined with 3D‐PD had the best predictive efficiency for macrosomia in early pregnancy (AUC = 0.926). Future studies should also consider combining maternal and fetal factors to predict macrosomia, to reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Exposure to Sunset Yellow FCF since post‐weaning causes hippocampal structural changes and memory impairment in the adult rat: The neuroprotective effects of Coenzyme Q10
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Reza , Shadravanan Maryam , Farrokhi Majid Reza , Karimi Fatemeh , Karbalaei Narges , zadeh Melika Arzhang , Naseh Maryam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate whether exposure to Sunset Yellow FCF (SY) since post‐weaning can lead to hippocampal structural changes and memory impairment in adult rat and whether the Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can protect against these adverse effects.MethodsThe weanling rats were randomly divided into six groups and were treated daily by oral gavage for 6 weeks, as follows: (I) control group, administered distilled water (0.3 mL/100 g/day); (II) CoQ10 group, received 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10; (III) low SY group, received 2.5 mg/kg/day SY; (IV) high SY group, received 70 mg/kg/day SY; (V) low SY + CoQ10 group; and (VI) high SY + CoQ10 group. At the end of the sixth week, the novel object recognition (NOR) test was conducted to evaluate memory. Then, after sacrificing animals, the cerebral hemispheres were removed for stereological study and evaluation of MDA levels.ResultsThe low and high doses of SY led to significant neuronal loss and a decrease in the volume of the hippocampus (CA1 and DG subregions), as well as increased the MDA level, which was associated with short‐ and long‐term memory impairment. Although, administration of CoQ10 prevented the hippocampal neural loss and volume, and caused a reduction in MDA and improved memory in the low and high SY groups.ConclusionIt seems that CoQ10 could prevent the neuronal loss and hippocampal atrophy caused by post‐weaning exposure to SY through preventing oxidative stress, ultimately improving memory impairment in rats.
Slicing Network for Wide‐Field Fluorescence Image Based on the Improved U‐Net Model
Authors: Yao Shiqing , Guan Meiling , Ren Wei , Xi Peng , Li Meiqi , Sun Mingjian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFluorescence imaging stands as a pivotal component in biomedical research, requiring the elimination of out‐of‐focus background noise resulting from wide‐field volumetric illumination of the whole field‐of‐view and scattering within thick biological tissues. Traditional methods struggle to effectively address varying degrees of defocusing in fluorescence images. This study introduces the utilization of upU‐Net, 3D U‐Net, and 3D upU‐Net as defocusing networks tailored for 2D and 3D wide‐field fluorescence images, yielding notable enhancements. These advancements facilitate more economically viable confocal microscopy, delivering significant advantages to biologists presently utilizing wide‐field fluorescence microscopy.
Thermal Characteristics of the Extreme Cases of Tropopause Over the Tropics
Authors: Purushotham Pooja , Mehta Sanjay Kumar , Ali Saleem , Fujiwara Masatomo , Tegtmeier Susann 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe anomalous variability of extreme cases of the tropical tropopause provides insight into the stratosphere‐troposphere exchange process crucial for understanding climate change. The present study analyses the extreme variability of the tropopause and its thermal structure over the tropics using GPS radio occultation data over the period 2006–2019. The extremely cold and warm tropopauses and extremely high and low tropopauses are identified based on the cold point tropopause temperature and height, respectively, when their values exceed two standard deviations with respect to their climatological means. The analyses revealed frequent occurrence of extreme cases of tropopause over the Atlantic Ocean compared to the Western Pacific Ocean. Individually, extremely warm and low cases occur more frequently over the subtropics, while extremely cold and high cases occur frequently over the deep tropics. These extreme cases pose different thermal structures bounded within the extremely low and high tropopauses throughout the tropics. The height difference between the extremely high and low tropopause cases is wider over the Atlantic Ocean and adjoining areas compared to the western Pacific Ocean. The temperature difference between the extremely warm and cold tropopause cases is higher in the Atlantic, Central Pacific, and Indonesian regions compared to the American, Indian Ocean, and western Pacific Ocean regions. The relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases and extreme tropopause cases is also investigated which reveals a higher occurrence of extremely high tropopause cases during the El Niño phase while low tropopause cases during the La Niña phase. Our analysis also revealed the thermal patterns of the extreme cases characterising colder and sharper tropopause over the convective regions compared to subsidence regions.
School Culture's Openness to Creative Solutions and Teachers' Inquiry‐Based Teaching: A Multinational Study of Asian and European Countries
Authors: Wei Ju‐Hui , Chuang Hsueh‐Hua , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious research suggests that teachers' adoption of inquiry‐based teaching is influenced by school culture's openness to creative solutions, with teachers' self‐efficacy in inquiry‐based teaching acting as a mediator. However, considering the potential impact of local educational and socio‐cultural context on teachers' behavior, findings from one country may not readily generalize to another. For example, in regions with limited exposure and resources for inquiry‐based teaching, self‐efficacy may play a more prominent mediating role. Therefore, examining the comparative relationship between school culture's openness to creative solutions and teaching practices in Asian and European countries is worthwhile. This multinational study employed data from 23 Asian and European countries to scrutinize the connection between school culture's openness to creative solutions and inquiry‐based teaching, with teachers' self‐efficacy in inquiry‐based teaching as the mediating factor. The results extended the findings of a previous single‐country investigation and provided evidence supporting an indirect effect of school culture's openness to creative solutions on inquiry‐based teaching as mediated by teacher self‐efficacy across all 23 countries. Furthermore, it revealed stronger effects in Asian countries compared to their European counterparts.
Innovative foam drying technique for salted egg yolk powder production
Authors: Ma Ruipeng , Yang Xuhua , Cui Sijia , Obadi Mohammed , Xu Bin , Sun Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe powderization of salted egg yolks can circumvent the gelatinization issues that occur during frozen storage. In this study, salted egg yolk powder (SEYP) was prepared using microwave‐assisted foam drying (MFD) technology.RESULTSThe results show that, compared to traditional microwave drying and hot‐air drying, the SEYP prepared by MFD exhibits a bright color and a loose structure, and shows significant improvements in emulsifying properties, lecithin retention rate and antioxidant activity (P < 0.05). The optimal microwave power for MFD of SEYP, established through principal component analysis, is 350 W, with no requirement for a cooking treatment of the salted egg yolks. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry identified n‐butanol, hexanal, nonanal, ethyl acetate, d‐limonene and isopentanal as the primary volatile compounds in SEYP, contributing to its unique flavor profile. Furthermore, the SEYP prepared using MFD at 350 W also shows a reduction of 18.88% in the content of bitter‐tasting amino acids compared with microwave drying.CONCLUSIONIn summary, MFD technology is a green and efficient drying method suitable for the preparation of flavor‐type SEYP. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Outcomes in Pediatric Trisomy 21 Patients with Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Mecham Jeffrey C. , Gibbs Hannah , House Trenton , Scheffler Patrick 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HNS) implantation outcomes in pediatric patients with Down syndrome (DS). We compare outcomes of HNS implantation when comparing children based on overweight or obese status.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients at a single tertiary pediatric hospital who underwent HNS implantation between 2022 and 2024. Patients with DS under 21 years of age at time of implantation were included. One child with Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome was also included. The main outcome measured was reduction in apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI).ResultsTwenty patients were implanted with HNS during the study period. Eleven patients were implanted with a BMI considered overweight and 8 patients with a BMI considered obese. No significant correlation was found between BMI percentile and AHI reduction (r = 0.06, p = 0.8). No significant differences were found between obese and non‐obese groups for preoperative AHI, postoperative AHI, or AHI reduction. Both groups responded favorably to HNS therapy with AHI reduction of 83.8% in obese patients and 81.9% in non‐obese patients.ConclusionWe demonstrate no difference in postoperative AHI outcomes when comparing patients with obesity defined as BMI >95th percentile compared to those without.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:1223–1226, 2025
Comparing Intraoperative and In‐Office Steroid Injections for Management of Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Ramazani Fatemeh , Bosch J. Douglas , Randall Derrick R. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionIntralesional corticosteroid injection for management of subglottic stenosis (SGS) is thought to improve patients' surgery free interval (SFI). The objective of this study was to determine the difference in SFI between idiopathic SGS (iSGS) patients treated with endoscopic dilation alone, dilation with a single intraoperative intralesional corticosteroid injection, or dilation with intraoperative steroid injection followed by serial in‐office serial intralesional steroid injection (SILSI) procedures.MethodsRetrospective review of patients with iSGS from 1/1/2012 to 12/1/2023. The SFI was calculated as the time between surgical interventions and independent samples median test was used to compare the difference in SFIs between treatment groups.ResultsThis study identified 305 procedures, involving 104 patients. Fifty‐five procedures involved endoscopic dilation alone (median SFI = 658, IQR: 595 days), 102 involved one injection of steroids intraoperatively (median SFI = 395, IQR: 296 days), 27 involved endoscopic dilation (ED) followed by a single postoperative ILSI (median SFI = 533, IQR: 351), and 15 involved postoperative SILSI (median SFI = 585, IQR: 338 days). Comparing SFI between groups found mean SFI was significantly longer among patients managed with only ED compared with a single intraoperative steroid injection (p = 0.001). Patients who were initially managed with ED and an intraoperative steroid injection has a statistically significant decrease in SFI (p = 0.032) when transitioned to management with ED and intraoperative steroid injection followed by a single ILSI postoperatively.ConclusionPatients who received a single intraoperative steroid injection experienced shorter SFI when compared with those managed with dilation alone. SILSI did not result in a significant increase of SFI within this population.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Regulating Broadband Near‐Infrared Mechanoluminescence via Energy‐Level Engineering for Potential Biomechanical Imaging
Authors: Wu Sheng , Wang Shunyu , Xiao Binli , Zhou Zhiyao , Yu Hanze , Shao Zhigang , Wang Yinzhen , Xiong Puxian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared mechanoluminescent (NIR ML) materials have attracted attention due to their advantages, such as in situ and real‐time monitoring of biomechanical information in vivo. However, most ML materials are focused on the UV–vis light range, which limits their potential applications in the biological field. In this work, a broadband NIR ML material Ca2YGa3Ge2O12: 0.10Cr3+ (CYGGG: 0.10Cr3+) is successfully prepared by chemical co‐substitution and Cr3+ heavy doping. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to determine the type of defects in the material, and the composite defects formed by interstitial oxygen (iO′′) and antisite defects (CaY′ ‐ YCa°) mostly dominate NIR ML. Cr3+ ions act as electronic bridges to regulate energy levels, becoming the key to turning on the Nd3+ ion's NIR ML. Finally, based on the excellent ML properties of CYGGG: 0.10Cr3+ and CYGGG: 0.10Cr3+, 0.01Nd3+, the ML composites can penetrate pork tissues of different compositions/thicknesses under stress loads. Potentially, this work tries to realize biological tissue stress imaging, providing a new way for the biological application of NIR ML materials.
Redox Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges in their Unique Functionalities
Authors: Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe growing demand for energy‐storage devices has raised inevitable concerns regarding the availability of redox‐active inorganic compounds and metals. It is expected that some of the inorganic compounds will be replaced by organic redox polymers, which are produced from abundant sources using environmentally benign processes, and they exhibit inherent advantages, including flexibility, processability, and biocompatibility. Redox polymers contain groups that can be reversibly reduced and oxidized by gaining and releasing electrons, respectively, and constitute an emerging class of functional organic materials. This article begins with a retrospective discussion of polymers and their electron exchange concepts, presenting them as old but new materials. The basics of electrochemical redox couples are briefly reintroduced, and the chemical design strategies for extending them to redox polymers are summarized. Subsequently, the efficient and reversible charge propagation and storage in densely populated redox‐active sites on soft polymer platforms are discussed. The potential to employ redox polymers in rechargeable charge‐storage applications and next‐generation devices is discussed, along with the current challenges and prospects. This outlook suggests fundamental questions and proposes interesting topics for redox polymers to facilitate their development as valuable materials for use in sustainable technologies.
Enhanced Emission in Polyelectrolyte Assemblies for the Development of Artificial Light‐Harvesting Systems and Color‐Tunable LED Device
Authors: Duan Qunpeng , Li Xiuxiu , Wu Zhiying , Lin Shihao , Zeng Rong , Xiao Tangxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArtificial light‐harvesting systems (LHSs) are of growing interest for their potential in energy capture and conversion, but achieving efficient fluorescence in aqueous environments remains challenging. In this study, a novel tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivative, TPEN, is synthesized and co‐assembled with poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) to enhance its fluorescence via electrostatic interactions. The resulting PSS⊃TPEN network significantly increased blue emission, which is further harnessed by an energy‐matched dye, 4,7‐di(2‐thienyl)benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (DBT), to produce an efficient LHS with yellow emission. Moreover, this system is successfully applied to develop color‐tunable light‐emitting diode (LED) devices. The findings demonstrate a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly approach to designing tunable luminescent materials, with promising potential for future advancements in energy‐efficient lighting technologies.
Interfacial reaction on different solder composition after laser soldering
Authors: Muhamad Razizy F. , Saliza Azlina O. , Farazila Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study used electroless nickel‐immersion gold surface finish. The lead free solder used are tin‐silver‐copper 305 and tin‐silver‐copper 307 solder alloys. The difference in copper composition will affect the intermetallic compound′s microstructure after the laser soldering process. The intermetallic compound formation analysis reveals that only (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 was observed at the solder joint interface for both solders after laser soldering. The grain microstructure of tin‐silver‐copper 305 formed is rounded‐shaped and bar‐shaped, while tin‐silver‐copper 307 shapes are oval‐shaped and flake‐like. However, for cross‐sectioned analysis, the intermetallic compound grain microstructure formed at the solder joint formation was (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 and (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 presented in dendrite‐like and scale‐like shapes. This result shows that copper content in solder composition is directly affected the intermetallic compound grain microstructure. When exposed to the ageing process, the intermetallic compound thickness will increase directly with ageing time. The intermetallic compound thickness for tin‐silver‐copper 305 was increased from 0.98 μm to 8.34 μm while tin‐silver‐copper 307 was increased from 1.54 μm to 8.76 μm. The result also shows that nano‐sized of Ag3Sn grain particle was formed on the intermetallic compound surface after an ageing process for both samples, tin‐silver‐copper 305 and tin‐silver‐copper 307.
Solubility and magnetic properties of Ag−Co−Si alloy synthesized by mechanical alloying and annealing
Authors: Chabri S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis present work concerns the effect of ternary addition of non‐metallic and diamagnetic silicon on the metastable solubility of the immiscible silver‐cobalt system during the course of ball milling, annealing of the ball milled samples and the corresponding magnetic properties. It should be noted that silicon has a smaller goldsmidt radius (111 pm) than silver (144 pm) and silicon+4 has more valence electrons than silver+1. Keeping the objectives of the current study in mind, silicon may thus be considered as an option for ternary addition, in contrast to metallic components. An attempt has been made to examine the phase changes that occurred in the 50 silver‐40 cobalt‐10 silicon (atom percent) system during ball milling and the subsequent isothermal annealing of the ball milled product. Phase evolution during mechanical alloying and isothermal annealing is identified by means of x‐ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The addition of silicon facilitates cobalt‘s formation of a metastable alloy with copper after 50 hours of ball milling. Annealing significantly improves the magnetic characteristics of materials that have been ball milled; the optimal combination of magnetic properties was obtained after an hour of annealing at 550 °C.
Tremor Is Highly Responsive to Levodopa in Advanced Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Swinnen Bart E.K.S. , Frequin Henrieke L. , Wiggerts Yarit , Espay Alberto J. , Beudel Martijn , de Bie Rob M.A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly regarded as less responsive to levodopa than bradykinesia and rigidity, with levodopa‐resistant PD tremor considered relatively common.ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the levodopa responsiveness of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity in a population with advanced PD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 526 people with PD screened for deep brain stimulation.ResultsLevodopa's Cohen's d effect sizes were in the same order of magnitude for the 3 cardinal motor symptoms. Proportional improvement in tremor (86.8%) was higher than bradykinesia (45.7%) and rigidity (67.0%) (P < 0.0001). Full resolution was more frequent for tremor (67.9%) than for bradykinesia (0.4%) or rigidity (24.8%) (P < 0.0001). Levodopa‐unresponsive tremor, defined as improvement less than 25%, was documented only in 4.0%, as opposed to 19.4% for bradykinesia and 9.8% for rigidity (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn advanced PD, tremor was more responsive to levodopa than bradykinesia and rigidity, and levodopa‐unresponsive tremor was relatively rare.