bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Unaffordable to Affordable: Looking into Affordable Housing Issues and Its Remedies
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Affordable Housing is a critical issue in many developing countries that impacts their potential for sustainability and socio-economic development. Lack of affordable housing, slower growth of housing stock, and aging housing conflates numerous other problems in Pakistan, including overcrowding, poor indoor air quality, prevalence of preventable diseases, and development of slums and katchi abadies, etc. These challenges lessen living standards in many areas. Unaffordable housing forces low income families in urban areas to live in dilapidated areas. An increase in the construction of affordable housing is needed to mitigate housing affordability challenges in Pakistan. Setting aside land quotas for low-income families in housing development schemes is not sufficient because the households still lack the means to construct housing. This paper attempts to identify the causes of unaffordable housing and solutions for its provision.
Ship Noise Level Analysis Based on the International Regulations
Authors: Klaucans Rauls , Krizus Arnis , Kreisberg Deniss 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The target of analyse was to determine the exposure levels to the staff on the vessel and ensure adequate measures are in place to minimize the exposure when necessary. Noise levels through the vessel will be compared to the noise code detailed in section 2 of this report. The measurement data results obtained at this survey will be analysed against the codes, as shown below. In addition, the measurement result table has the readings from 2007 during sea trials at the shipyard, Brodogradilište d.o.o. – Split. The analyse is to measure the exposure levels, through the accommodation and machinery spaces to determine the risk to staff working in these areas as well as making recommendations that could reduce the exposure levels.
AS TUTELAS JURÍDICAS PARA MINORIAS NAS LEIS ORGÂNICAS MUNICIPAIS SEGUNDO A TEORIA DE JUSTIÇA DE JOHN RAWLS
Authors: Oliveira Pedro César Sousa , Franco Dalton Rodrigues , Da Silva Marta Catarina Ferreira , Guena Rodrigo Soncini de Oliveira 
Published: September 2019

A Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, instrumento legislativo de maior relevância no nosso ordenamento, institui direitos fundamentais para todos os indivíduos em três níveis: o nacional, estadual e municipal. O presente trabalho busca examinar as Leis Orgânicas Municipais (as Cartas locais responsáveis por organizar a cidade e instituir direitos fundamentais) de Santa Fé do Sul, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Nova Iguaçu com a fundamentação teórica fixada na teoria de justiça de John Rawls com o propósito de analisar como se comportam na proteção formal dos menos favorecidos. O objetivo geral do trabalho é averiguar o tratamento dado pelas cidades para os menos favorecidos, ao passo que o objetivo específico é analisar as Leis Orgânicas Municipais das quatro localidades segundo o Índice Rawlsiano de Equidade. Sendo assim, a pesquisa apresenta a forma como as cidades tratam de modo quantitativo-qualitativo, por meio do método de subsistemas comparados e utilizando-se do Índice Rawlsiano de Equidade, extraindo e analisando as tutelas destinadas é proteção desses grupos de indiví­duos, entendendo que as leis locais poderão oferecer um grau de compreensão de como o problema da injustiça é internalizado pelas cidades. Os resultados gerais, ou seja, quantitativos e qualitativos, aparecem de maneira discrepante, com Rio de Janeiro apresentando melhor tutela, seguida do São Paulo, Nova Iguaçu e Santa Fé do Sul. Conclui-se que os Municípios não atendam de maneira uniforme e satisfatória às necessidades protetivas, possuindo baixo grau na tutela e consagração dos direitos.
Evolução da pobreza e da desigualdade de renda nas áreas rurais e urbanas dos municípios do Sertão de Alagoas no período 2000 – 2010
Authors: Moreira Aristides dos Santos Anderson , Barbosa Oliveira José Jefferson , Silva dos Santos Manoel 
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a evolução da desigualdade de renda e da pobreza para os municípios do Sertão Alagoano, considerando o período 2000-2010, com base nos dados do Censo Demográfico. Para tanto foi feito um comparativo entre as áreas rurais e urbanas. Primeiramente, observou-se que houve queda nos indicadores de pobreza e desigualdade de renda para a maioria dos municípios do Sertão de Alagoas, ou seja, diferente da década de 90, que houve aumentos na desigualdade de renda, esta última década (2000) foi caracterizada por melhorias na distribuição de renda. Percebe-se que os indicadores de pobreza ainda são muito maiores no Sertão de Alagoas comparado ao Estado como um todo e mais elevados ainda em sua área rural.
Efecto psicosocial en torno al uso de la píldora del día después
Authors: Marcillo Cecilia 
Published: September 2019

En virtud del alto índice de embarazos en adolescentes en el Ecuador, el Gobierno, a través de su Ministerio de Salud Pública, en el mes de marzo del presente año, dispuso que se entreguen de forma gratuita anticonceptivos para evitar el incremento de dichos embarazos, muchos de ellos no deseados. El anticonceptivo fue el denominado “píldora del día después”, o Píldora Anticonceptiva de Emergencia (PAE), cuyo componente principal es el levonorgestrel.
La presencia de esta píldora dio paso a una polémica, y mientras unos sostenían que era abortiva, otros lo negaban. Sin embargo, esta situación no ha impedido que muchas adolescentes e incluso personas adultas; hagan uso de este método con libertad y confianza en su eficacia.
Esta investigación no pretende describir si dicha píldora es o no abortiva, sobra información al respecto; más bien busca la opinión sobre los efectos que está causando en el comportamiento psicosocial de aquellos que tienen que ver directa o indirectamente con su uso.
Para este trabajo se realizó una encuesta a 700 personas, entre ellos adolescentes, jóvenes, profesionales y padres de familia.
Los resultados señalan como efecto psicosocial niveles medios de promiscuidad, libertinaje, pérdida de valores e irrespeto al cuerpo humano femenino, la no disminución de embarazos y sobretodo la falta de información sobre el concepto y función real de la píldora del día después.
Las conclusiones sugieren poner atención en la educación, en la impartición de información continua sobre todo en los colegios, en el rescate del diálogo familiar, en el rescate mismo de la familia, así como en la toma de conciencia por parte de los usuarios adolescentes, jóvenes y jóvenes adultos.
La polifonía de Platón: de la universidad a la pluriversidad Reforma universitaria y modernización
Authors: Saltos Napoleón 
Published: September 2019

Hoy uno de los campos principales de disputa es el campo del conocimiento y, con ello, el campo de la universidad. La disputa entre un modelo monofónico, que gira en esferas en torno a un centro que piensa, vigila y controla. Una universidad jerarquizada, con centros encargados de la producción de conocimiento, ciencia, y con periferias prescritas a partir del orden generador. Y un modelo polifónico que traza la armonía en la diversidad, aún más, que busca pasar de la armonía de la convergencia. A partir de este dilema, la disputa sobre la universidad se mueve en tres campos principales: el rol de la universidad en las nuevas condiciones de la globalización de la sociedad del conocimiento; el nivel de democratización hacia abajo de la educación superior de calidad; y la constitución del sujeto del cambio universitario.
ANALISIS USAHATANI KAKAO PADA DUA POLA TANAM POLIKULTUR
Authors: Ariani Eva , Rifin Amzul 
Published: September 2019

The Contributions of cocoa plantations to the profit of farmers is an important issue for the farm development. Cocoa plant is annual plant that can produce throughout the year. In Order to increase profit and Reduce the risk of crop failure, farmers applying polyculture pattern. Application of intercropping patterns on their farm has a linkage with the structure of the costs incurred to cultivate these plants.The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of income and efficiency of the two cropping pattern with the combination of 2 (cocoa and clove) and 3 (cocoa, clove, and coffee) commodities. The method of data collection conducted randomly collected as many as 49 farmers that working on 2 commodities using polyculture cropping pattern and 33 farmers that working on 3 commodities using polyculture cropping pattern. The analytical results showed that the farmers that working on 3 commodities using polyculture cropping pattern have low production level, income, and efficiency, but this polyculture system is still running continuously by the farmers, because it is profitable and has a good efficiency.
ANALISIS RISIKO HARGA KOMODITAS SAYURAN UNGGULAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rahmawati Astuti , Fariyanti Anna 
Published: September 2019

Chilies, potatoes, shallots, and cabbage are five main vegetables that have high rates of production, but they also have high levels of price fluctuation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of price risk and analyze alternative strategies needed to reduce the price risk of chilies, potatoes, shallots, and cabbage. The method of analysis that used in this research is ARCH/GARCH model, Value at Risk (VaR), and coefficient variation. The results showed that the price of chilies, tomatoes, and potatoes were influenced by price volatility and variants in previous periods. The price volatility and variants of shallots and cabbages were influenced by the prices of one and two previous periods. The calculation of VaR, which was based on the total capital in a one-day sale period showed that price risk of chilies, potatoes, shallots, and cabbage were at 4.077 persen, 3.078 persen, 5.240 persen, 6.879 persen, dan 3.980 persen. Based on coefficient variation showed that tomatoes had the highest price risk was at 0.428 while potatoes was found to have the lowest price risk was at 0.080. Shallot had the second highest price risk was at 0.195. Cabbage and chilies had the third and the forth highest price risk were at 0.209 and 0.349. Alternative strategy to solve the price risk of vegetables need to be applied by traders, farmers, and government.
RANCANGAN KEBIJAKAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI UNTUK PENINGKATAN KAPABILITAS BANK SENTRAL
Authors: Gunadi Widyo , Hutagaol Manuntun Parulian , Hadad Muliaman D 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to develop policies of organization culture (OC). The policies analysis cover management process and its changing in Bank Indonesia, including direction and substance of OC, developing ideal models, methods, dynamic change and its management. Awareness about the importance of OC in improving the performance of the organization had been recognized by management of Bank Indonesia in the surface, but when examined the dynamics of the changes, the implementation seem fluctuated. Using a system approach, this research employ three main tools: Analytical Network Process (ANP), Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST), and Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The knowledge base data are compiled using combination of several methods: survey, focus group discussion (FGD), statistics of secondary data, and structured in depth interviews. This research has found the new values which should be adopted for BI are integrity professional, visionary, competence, and transparent. Besides, it also delevelop models to implement a new organization culture management. In terms of organization culture change program, this research uncovers several important phenomena such as: the central role of the board of governor, the function of performance management and assessment, and the role of director in every unit.Keywords : organization Culture, Values,Sub-culture Type, Analytical Network Process, Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing, Interpretative Structural Modeling
PENGARUH FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DAN AFTA TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA SEKTORAL DI ASEAN 5
Authors: Ilhamdi Ilhamdi , Oktaviani Rina , Purnamadewi Yeti Lis 
Published: September 2019

This study aims to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) ‎and ‎ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) on sectoral employment in ASEAN ‎‎5. The analysis ‎focused on five main sectors, namely agriculture, mining, ‎manufacturing, ‎construction and service sectors. This paper uses panel data ‎approach with Fixed Effect Model. Variable used include employment as an ‎edogenous variable, while GDP, wages and AFTA as exogenous variables. Cross section data that are used in this study consist of ASEAN 5 countries, ‎namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam with periods of ‎observation as much as 9 years, from 2006 until 2014.‎The result of this paper that FDI, GDP, wages and AFTA have different ‎impacts in each sector. FDI has positive impact on employment in service sector. ‎GDP has positive impact on employment in manufacturing, construction and ‎service sectors. While GDP in the agricultural and mining sectors has negative ‎impact on employment. The wage has a positive impact on employment in the ‎mining and agricultural sectors. ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) that took ‎place in 2010 has a positive impact on employment in the manufacturing and ‎mining sectors.‎Foreign Direct Investment is one factor to overcome employment issues in ‎ASEAN 5, especially in service sector. While GDP becomes an important variable ‎in enhancing ASEAN 5 employment in the manufacturing, construction and ‎services. Increasing wages can be applied on agriculture and mining as it has a ‎positive impact on employment. AFTA that has taken place is proper policy for the ‎ASEAN 5 to encourage economic growth in the mining and manufacturing ‎sectors that have an impact on increasing demand of labor in the sector.‎
Kritik atas Fikih Lintas Agama: Studi atas Pemikiran Kaum Revivalis
Authors: Liputo Siti Hardianti , Kau Sofyan A. P. 
Published: September 2019

Tulisan ini mengungkap kritik Islam revivalis atas pandangan Tim Penulis Paramadina melalui buku Fiqh Lintas Agama Membangun Masyarakat Inklusif-Pluralis yang membolehkan perkawinan beda agama tanpa membedakan apakah ahlul Kitab, musyrik dan kafir. Demikian juga kebolehan atas waris beda agama. Pendapat ini didasarkan atas paradigma fikih inklusif, yang akomodatif terhadap hak-hak minoritas. Akomodasi fikih ini didasarkan atas argumen teologis-normatif dengan merujuk kepada surat al-Mâidah ayat 5. Sedangkan secara historis adanya bukti praktik sahabat yang mengawini wanita non muslim. Karena itu, pelarangan atas pernikahan beda agama dalam fikih klasik lebih bersifat ijtihadi. Sementara kebolehan waris beda agama tidak ditegaskan secara eksplisit oleh teks, sebaliknya adanya teks (riwayat) Mu‟azd dan Mu‟awiyah yang membolehkan. Pendapat Tim Penulis Paramadina ini menuai kritik dari Islam revivalis dengan merujuk kepada pendapat ulama fikih klasik yang menyepakati keharaman perkawinan dan waris beda agama. Dalam hal yang disebut terakhir, Islam revivalis berargumen bahwa riwayat Mu‟azd dan Mu‟awiyah tidak disepakati kevalidannya dibandingkan dengan riwayat yang melarang seorang muslim mewarisi orang kafir. Sedangkan mendahulukan dalil yang disepakti kevalidannya adalah lebih utama diperpegangi daripada dalil yang tidak disepakti kevalidannya. Demikian juga memilih pendapat mayoritas atas pendapat minoritas jauh lebih dikedepankan. Hal mana mayoritas ulama melarang nikah beda agama adalah haram karena pernyataan tekstual ayat, kecuali nikah dengan ahlul Kitab. Itu pun kebolehan tersebut bersifat darurat. Bahkan dampak buruk perkawinan beda agama harus didahulukan daripada mengambil manfaat. Pandangan mayoritas ulama fikih klasik diikuti oleh MUI, NU dan Muhammadiyah, serta tokoh dan pemikir Islam Indonesia lainnya. Meskipun ruang dan jalan alternatif tersedia dalam opini hukum minoritas, tetapi tidak dapat dipraktikan di Indonesia. Karena undang-undang perkawinan no. 1 tahun 1974 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam tidak mengakomodir sehingga kehilangan keabsahannya secara legal.
Clinical Research on the Postoperative Recurrence of Non Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Xu Hui , Xu Chang-Li , Song Jin-Qi , Zhou Ya-Nan 
Published: September 2019

Background: Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor in the urinary system, in which non muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the most common. The recurrence rate of the patients after operation is high, which has a serious impact on the physical and mental health of the patients. Therefore, how to reduce the recurrence rate of NMIBC patients is the focus of clinical research.
Objectives: To study the recurrent factor of NMIBC after surgery for promotion of therapeutic efficacy.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of one hundred patients of carcinoma of urinary bladder were consecutively enrolled and data on gender, age, tumor stage, tumor grade, tumor size, tumor configuration, multiplicity, date of surgery, tumor histology, recurrence history, resident area, frequency of tumor recurrence, follow-up history as screening target to analyze by Cox proportional-risk model, and screen dependent factor which can be used to predict tumor recurrent risk after surgery.
Results: Tumor size, tumor stage, tumor grade, frequency of tumor recurrence, multiplicity and history of regular follow-up are related to NMIBC recurrence after surgery.
Conclusion: Aggregate analysis of these factors can evaluate recurrent risk of NMIBC and it is significant to the therapy of NMIBC.
Optimasi Rasio Air dan Karbon Berpori untuk Proses Pembentukan Metana Hidrat
Authors: Nandari Wibiana Wulan , Prasetyo Imam , Fahrurrozi Moh 
Published: September 2019

Metana merupakan sumber energi alternatif yang sangat potensial dan melimpah serta menghasilkan emisi CO2 yang lebih rendah ketika digunakan sebagai bahan bakar karena kandungan C dalam molekul metana jauh lebih kecil dari kandungan H nya. Selain ada dalam bentuk gas, metana di alam juga bisa berada dalam bentuk metana hidrat. Setiap volume metana hidrat mengandung sebanyak 164 volume gas metana dalam keadaan standar (STP). Proses terbentuknya metana hidrat di alam dapat diadopsi sebagai metode penyimpanan gas metana. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan percobaan pembentukan metana hidrat pada karbon mesopori dengan jumlah air yang bervariasi untuk mengetahui kandungan air optimum untuk membentuk metana hidrat secara efektif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengadsorpsi gas metana pada karbon berpori yang basah dengan metode static volumetric. Untuk mengetahui rasio yang optimum terhadap proses terbentuknya metana hidrat, maka pada penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan dengan rasio berat air dibandingkan karbon berpori 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5 ; 2. Sistem adsorpsi dikondisikan pada suhu 275 K dengan maksud untuk menghindari terbentuknya es (sistem dikondisikan diatas titik beku air). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa rasio air : karbon mesopori yang memberikan jumlah metana hidrat yang paling besar adalah pada R = 1
Pengaruh Limbah Industri Batik Menggunakan Pewarna Alami dari Desa Wukirsari terhadap Viabilitas Bakteri Tanah
Authors: Ratih Yanisworo Wijaya 
Published: September 2019

Industri batik menggunakan pewarna alami sedang berkembang. Pewarna alami diperoleh dengan melakukan ekstraksi pada beberapa tanaman seperti jolawe (Terminalia bellirica), mahoni (Swieteniamacrophylla mahoni) dan indigo (Indigofera tinctoria). Beberapa tanaman penghasil pewarna alami sering digunakan sebagai antibiotik alami karena mampu menghambat pertumbuhan mikrobia. Kemampuan senyawa tersebut menghambat pertumbuhan mikrobia perlu diwaspadai karena ada kemungkinan bahwa paparannya dalam tanah dapat mengurangi populasi mikrobia. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh limbah industri batik pewarna alami terhadap viabilitas bakteri tanah. Pengujian viabilitas sel dilakukan dengan mengamati pertumbuhan bakteri total, penambat nitrogen dan pelarut fosfat dalam tanah yang ditambah dengan masing-masing limbah jolawe, indigo, mahoni dan limbah pewarna campuran. Limbah dan tanah yang digunakan berasal dari desa Wukirsari, Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul, DIY. Dilakukan pula karakterisasi terhadap limbah dan tanah yang digunakan. Parameter utama yang diamati meliputi jumlah sel bakteri total, penambat nitrogen dan pelarut fosfat, pH, serta kadar fenolik dan flavonoid. Jumlah bakteri total, penambat nitrogen dan pelarut fosfat diamati dengan metode taburan berturut-turut dalam media nutrien agar, Jensen’s dan Pikovskaya, sedangkan fenolik dan flavonoid dianalisis menggunakan metode spetrofotometrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah meningkatkan pH tanah dari 5 menjadi 6,7. Kadar flavonoid dan fenolik limbah berturut-turut berkisar antara 0,14% sampai dengan 0,70% dan 0,18% sampai dengan 1,76%. Viabilitas sel bakteri tidak dipengaruhi oleh kadar flavonoid dan fenolik limbah. Pada umumnya limbah batik pewarna alami tidak menurunkan viabilitas bakteri tanah.
Yetişkinlerin Ruhsal Hastalığa/Hastalara Yönelik Tutumları
Authors: Tümer Adile , Hebcan Örs Sevilay , Akpınar Havva 
Published: September 2019

Çalışmada
yetişkinlerin ruhsal hastalığa/hastalara yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi
amaçlandı. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte tasarlanan bu araştırmada, veriler 15
Mart-15 Mayıs 2016 tarihleri arasında, bir il merkezindeki Aile Sağlığı
Merkezi’nden sağlık hizmeti alan ve çalışmaya gönüllülük esasıyla katılan, 312
yetişkin bireyden anket yöntemi ile yüz yüze görüşerek toplandı. Bu
araştırmadaki veriler, Tanımlayıcı Özellikler Formu ve Ruhsal Sorunlu Bireylere
Yönelik Toplum Tutumları Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Veriler, SPSS 20.0 programıyla
değerlendirildi. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler (sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart
sapma) ve nonparametrik testler (Kruskall-Wallis Testi, Mann-Whitney U Testi)
kullanıldı. Araştırmaya katılan kişilerin %51.3’ü kadın ve katılımcıların yaş
ortalaması 39.32±11.51’dir. Toplum ruh sağlığı ideolojisi alt ölçek puan
ortalaması 29.0±4.0, iyi niyet alt ölçek puan ortalaması 27.8±3.8,
korku/dışlama alt ölçek puan ortalaması 6.1±1.7 ve toplam ölçek puan ortalaması
63.0±7.3’tür. Kadınların, iyi niyet, korku/dışlama ve toplam ölçek puan
ortalamalarının; erkeklere göre,
üniversite mezunu olanların toplam puan ortalamasının, ilkokul ve lise
mezunu olanlara göre, kentsel çevrede yetişenlerin korku/dışlama alt ölçek puan
ortalamasının, kırsal çevrede yetişenlere göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu ve
bu sonuçların istatistiksel açıdan anlamlılık taşıdığı saptandı (p&lt;0.05).
Araştırmaya katılanlardan kadınların ruhsal hastalığı erkeklere göre daha çok
kabullendiği, erkeklere göre ruhsal hastalıklardan daha çok korktuğu, kentsel
çevrede yetişenlerin kırsal çevrede yetişenlere göre, ruhsal hastalığa karşı
daha çok olumsuz tutum gösterdikleri, üniversite ve lise mezunlarının ruhsal
hastalığı daha çok kabullendiği belirlendi. Toplumun ruhsal hastalıklar
konusunda görüşlerinin belirlenmesi ve olumsuz görüşlerinin değişimine yönelik
bilgilendirici eğitimlerin yapılması önerilmektedir.