bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative Urological Emergency a Pre-covid and Peri-covid19 Brief Comparison
Authors: Khalid Farooq  , Najma Hameed  , Haris Hamid  , Israr Ali  , Rafi Ullah  , Zubaida khanum wazir  
Published: December 2024

Objective: The goal of this study is to compare the number of operative urological emergencies in pre-covid and peri-covid 19 pandemics, as well as the pattern of operative urological emergencies in pre-covid and peri-covid 19 pandemics.
Methodology: Retrospective study was conducted in the urology department of the Medical Teaching Institute at Lady Reading hospital Peshawar. All pre-covid and peri-covid operative urological emergency procedures performed between July 18, 2019 and February 25, 2020 (pre-covid) and February 26, 2020 to September 25, 2020 (peri-covid). Total numbers of 73 patients were operated as urological emergency. Mean patient age was 38 years (range 15 to 70) and male to female ratio was 5:1.
Results: Twenty six patients were operated in the pre-covid timings having 18 males and 08 female patients, mean age 36±13 years. Forty seven patients were operated in the peri-covid time (38 males and 09 females) having age of 40±14 years. T test was applied, and no statistical significance was observed in both durations. A total of 36% emergency cases were operated in the pre-covid times whereas 64% of patients were operated in the peri-covid timings. Chi square test of independence revealed no statistical significance (N=73) =15, p=0.109. No difference in emergency pattern was observed except obstructive-uropathy. Obstructive uropathy was treated in 27% of patients during the precovid period, while 73% were treated during the pericovid period (p = 0.375).
Conclusion: Covid has no impact on the number and pattern of operative urological emergency.
Factors Associated with Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Azhar Mehwish , Younas Muhammad Tahir , Tahir Muhammad , Masud Maryam , Tahir Muhammad Zuhair , Tahir Muhammad Zubair 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of factors leading to poor treatment outcome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Study Design: The study design was cross sectional.
Place and Duration of the study: This study was conducted over a period of 1 year at the department of General Medicine, PAF Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan from 1st September 2021 to 31 August 2022.
Patients and Methods: A total of 100 patients with poor treatment outcome of pulmonary TB treatment registered at department for the above mentioned period were included through consecutive sampling. Record was extracted from TB treatment card and medical record registers. Patient’s socio demographic, clinical investigation and treatment data were taken. Major factors associated with pulmonary TB treatment outcomes were found by applying frequency and percentage.
Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 31.98±9.55 years. Most of the patients belonged to younger age groups between 18-37 years (73%). Male gender was dominant with 63% of total population. Dominant factors in these patients with poor treatment outcome with statistical significance were poor educational status (84%), low economic status (72%), low knowledge of TB (64%), difficult accessibility to hospital (65%), being single (61%) smoking (61%) and no adherence to treatment (52%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, keeping in mind the fact that success rate of pulmonary TB in Pakistan is still lower than the target of 85%, factors that contributes most to the poor treatment outcome and are addressable by the medical community must be kept under keen focus to improve the treatment out comes
Frequency of Postnatal Depression after Normal Vaginal Delivery in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Zeb Laila , Nawaz Ayesha 
Published: December 2024

Background: Postnatal depression (PND) is considered as an important health problem in modern societies.Most of the women nation-wide have access to skilled birth attendants. Postpartum depression) is a neglected area of maternal health care in developing countries like Pakistan.
Objective: To determine frequency of postnatal depression after normal vaginal delivery in patients reporting to Lady Reading hospital, Peshawar
Methodology: This Descriptive Cross Sectional study was conducted in Department of Obs & Gynae, MTI-Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 22 June, 2021 to 22 Dec, 2021 Post-natal depression was assessed through Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) with cut-off value of above 12 was labeled as positive for postnatal depression.
Results: As per frequencies and percentages for post-natal depression, 46 (15.2%) patients had post-natal depression after normal vaginal delivery.
Conclusion: This study concluded that Post-Natal depression is prevelant amongst women having normal vaginal delivery without any risk factors as well.
Parameters for Identifying Stress among Doctors in Mardan Medical Complex: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Khan Sajid , Khan Arshad , Usman Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To evaluate the common causes of stress among doctors of Mardan Medical Complex.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Mardan Medical Complex. Totally 95 doctors were enrolled. This was a questionnaire base study. The Questionnaire was filled by the doctors and data was analyzed by using SPSS Software Version 23.
Results: Out of total 95 enrolled doctors, 63 were male and 32 were female doctors with mean age of 41.45 ± 8.19 years. The most common age group was 31-40 years, followed by the age group of 42-50 years and the least number of age group was < 50 years. The most common parameters identified by doctors was sleep deprivation and Lengthy Working Hours followed by other causes such as High Patient Volume, External /Political Interference, Senior’s Pressure/High Expectations/Work Targets, Night Duties and Phone calls during Night/Early Morning. Stratification on the basis of gender and age group were done.
Conclusion: It is concluded that stress is a hurdle that the doctors faces in different pattern. For better performance the doctors should take proper sleep and manage the time to overcome the stress. Also avoid Phone calls during Night/Early Morning
Comparison of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession Vs Unilateral Recession/Resection for Basic Type Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Rehman Hamid Ur , Ahmad Adnan , Ullah Wali , Ullah Hidayat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Background: Intermittent exotropia (IXT), highly prevalent strabismus type in children, characterized by visual axis intermittent divergence. It can cause greater than 50% of all the exotropia cases. Because of different deviation at near and at a distance, IXT can be grouped as Basic, Pseudo-divergence excess, true distance and insufficiency of convergence. The most common is basic exotropia.
Objective: To compare post-operative ocular alignment in bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) Vs unilateral lateral rectus recession/resection (RR) in basic type intermittent exotropia in young patients.
Material and Methods: 96 cases of basic intermittent exotropia who went through surgery were selected. Total duration of study was 18 months from January 2020 to June 2021. The patients were categorized into BLR group and unilateral RR group based on type of surgery received. Based on motor outcomes, patients were categorized as: 1) successful alignment (Orthophoria) Esophoria/tropia< 10 Prism diopters to Exophoria/tropia< 15 Prism diopters.2) Overcorrection (Esophoria/tropia>10 Prism diopters) 3) Under-correction/recurrence (Exophoria/tropia> 15 Prism diopters). Surgical outcome including motor criteria and sensory status compared at post-operative 03, 06, 09 and 12 months between groups.
Results: The mean age at the time of surgery was 12.68 ± 8.12yrs. for BLR and 13.88 ± 8.34yrs. for RR group. The rate of successful alignment was 70.83% (n= 34) for BLR group and 58.33% (n=28) for RR group at final follow-up visit (p=0.200). At 03 months, RR had better alignment rate while BLR had superior outcome at 06-, 09- and 12-months’ follow-up visits. The secondary outcome i.e. stereopsis recovery rate was also comparable between the two groups at final follow-up of 12 months (p-value= 0.159).
Conclusion: The motor outcomes in BLR group were comparable to RR group at the final follow-up visit.
The rates of under-correction were higher in RR group (though not statistically significant) at 12th month visit.
Frequency and determinants of Respiratory Failure in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pervez Naveed , Khan Samiullah , Khan Radhia , Khan Gohar Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is slowly and progressive disorder that is characterized by a permanent or partially reversible obstruction of airflow. A COPD exacerbation can have a variety of clinical outcomes, from self-limited sickness to progressive respiratory failure.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with respiratory failure among patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Objective: The study was designed to evaluate maternal complications of emergency vs elective cesarean section for placenta previa.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pulmonology in KhalifaGul Nawaz (KGN), MTI Bannu from January 2022 to December 2022, following approval from the institutional ethical committee. A total of 385 participants were enrolled in this study. Following the documentation of the physical examination and clinical history, various demographic details were noted. The data was analyzed through SPSS Version 25.0.
Results: A total of 385 patients presented with acute exacerbation of COPD were assessed. Out of which 258 were males (67%) and 127(32.9%) were females. In an acute exacerbation of COPD, the number of individuals presenting with respiratory failure was 138 (35.8%). out of which 91(23.6%) were males and 47(12.2%) were females. The age group of 51 to 60 years old had the highest number of individuals experiencing respiratory failure, which were 69 (17.9%).
Conclusion: : In the current study the frequency of respiratory failure in the participants presented with acute exacerbation was high. It is crucial to create efficient plans for stopping smoking and preventing COPD exacerbations in light of its effect on health care resources
PERSPECTIVAS TERMINOLÓGICAS DA ACCOUNTABILITY NO GOVERNO DIGITAL:
Authors: Faleiros Júnior José Luiz de Moura 
Published: December 2024

O artigo aborda o conceito de accountability, que é o processo pelo qual as entidades e gestores públicos são responsabilizados por suas ações e decisões, incluindo o trato com recursos públicos e o desempenho em geral. O termo pode ser analisado sob diferentes perspectivas, incluindo a capacidade e autoridade dos servidores públicos para agir, a obrigação de prestação de contas e a suposição das consequências dos próprios atos. Serão análisadas quatro dimensões terminológicas: a política, a administrativa, a profissional e a democrática. Destacarse-á que a accountability não implica um distanciamento completo entre Estado e cidadãos, mas sim uma aproximação essencial baseada em transparência e boa conduta, que se coaduna com o direito fundamental à boa administração pública, reavivado em razão das perspectivas introduzidas no sistema jurídico pela Lei do Governo Digital (Lei nº 14.129/2021). Será utilizado o método dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica.
Learning, Indigenizing, and Delivering Forum Theatre Activities in Indigenous Communities: Reflections of Community Facilitators
Authors: Lines Laurie-Ann , Anderson Shaun , Jardine Cindy , Marty Casadaya 
Published: December 2024

In many Indigenous communities, wellness is a holistic balance of spiritual, physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing through connections with self, family, community, and environment. Interventions to promote mental wellness (as a means of suicide prevention) with Indigenous youth thus need to focus on strengths and promoting these relations. First Nations and Métis communities in Alberta and the Northwest Territories in Canada partnered with academic researchers to adapt Forum Theatre as a mental health intervention for Indigenous youth. Forum Theatre, developed by Brazilian activist Augusto Boal, is based on playing games that encourage laughter, trust, and cooperation to build a community. The games lead to creating images with participants' bodies to reflect different life events, which are developed into a play with conflict and oppression. Through interaction with the play, community members explore solutions to the conflict.
Indigenous community partners handpicked community members to train in facilitating Forum Theatre activities to deliver this mental health intervention. Our video showcases the reflections of a group of community facilitators and researchers on the process of being trained in Forum Theatre and indigenizing it for delivery to the participating communities. Community facilitators explain how they came to understand the potential and power of Forum Theatre activities. They describe their training experiences and briefly explain how they indigenized Forum Theatre in a manner that prioritized each community's assets and needs. Their description of the impact they saw in themselves, participants, and communities emphasizes the transformative nature of delivering indigenized Forum Theatre in communities.
Nonlinear relationship between circulating natural killer cell count and 1-year relapse rates in myasthenia gravis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Wen Zhiguo , Chen Meiqiu , Xia Cong , Cai Fang , Chu Lan 
Published: December 2024

Background
The relapse rate in myasthenia gravis (MG) is high, and promising therapies have emerged; however, identifying potential predictive factors for relapse remains a challenge. This study aimed to explore the association between circulating natural killer (NK) cell levels and the risk of recurrence in MG.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 265 patients with MG whose data were included in the Neurology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University database between March 2015 and March 2022. Data from electronic medical records were collected, which included the patients’ circulating NK cell count (exposure variable) and demographic/clinical characteristics (covariates). The primary outcome was the 1-year MG recurrence rate.

Results
The study revealed a non-linear relationship between peripheral NK cell count and MG recurrence, with an inflection point at 5.38. Below this threshold, the risk of recurrence was low with higher NK cell counts (relative risk (RR): 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.11–0.490]); above this threshold, no significant association was observed (RR: 1.43, 95% CI [0.62–3.34]). Furthermore, the NK cell proportion showed no significant linear or non-linear association with MG recurrence risk (RR: 0.84, 95% CI [0.57–1.2]).

Conclusion
This study provides epidemiological evidence of a potential association between peripheral NK cell count and MG recurrence risk, suggesting an immunoregulatory protective effect within a specific NK cell count range. These findings may inform more personalized MG treatment strategies, warranting further validation in larger and more diverse cohorts.
Effects of combined immunosuppressant and hepatitis B virus antiviral use on COVID-19 vaccination in recipients of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Lee Ryunjin , Choi Jiwan , Lee Eunkyeong , Lee Jooyoung , Kim Jiye , Kang Seoon , An Hye-In , Kim Sung-Han , Kim Sung-Min , Jwa Eun-Kyoung , Park Gil-Chun , Namgoong Jung-Man , Song Gi-Won , Yoon Young-In , Tak Eunyoung , Lee Sung-Gyu 
Published: December 2024

Background & Aims
The global pandemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus led to the emergency approval of COVID-19 vaccines to reduce rising morbidity and mortality. However, limited research exists on evaluating the impact of these vaccines on immunocompromised individuals, such as recipients of living donor liver transplantation, highlighting the need for further studies to better understand their effectiveness in this specific population.

Methods
From June 2021, we followed up on the effectiveness of the vaccine for patients taking immunosuppressive drugs after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). A total of 105 immunocompromised individuals participated, of which 50 patients with hepatitis B were taking antiviral drugs. Patients were assessed to analyze how the combination of immunosuppressive and antiviral drugs affected the efficacy of the BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vaccines.

Results
Before and after the vaccinations, patients were monitored to establish differences between immunosuppressed patients and those additionally taking antiviral drugs. In immunocompromised patients taking antiviral drugs for hepatitis B, we confirmed that the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine was reduced when compared to immunocompromised patients. Interestingly, 23 patients (11 without and 12 additionally with hepatitis B drug administration) encountered breakthrough infections, and although there was a minor discrepancy in vaccine efficacy among the patients taking antiviral drugs for hepatitis B, it did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
Additional COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for patients taking immunosuppressive drugs and hepatitis B antiviral drugs after LDLT.
Dippolito, Dalia
Authors: Craig Miltonette Olivia 
Published: August 2019

Dalia Dippolito was convicted of solicitation of first‐degree murder in 2017 and sentenced to 16 years in state prison. Her case first made national news headlines in 2009 when investigators alleged that she hired a hitman to kill her husband. The hitman was an undercover officer who recorded their interactions. The crime scene staged by local police and Dippolito's feigned reaction to the scene were filmed and have since gone viral. Dippolito's case has been in the Florida court system since 2011 and she has had three separate prosecutions related to this criminal charge.
Increasing Solar Absorption of Atomically Thin 2D Carbon Nitride Sheets for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Yong , Du Peipei , Pan Hongzhe , Fu Lin , Zhang Yu , Chen Jie , Du Youwei , Tang Nujiang , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAtomically thin 2D carbon nitride sheets (CNS) are promising materials for photocatalytic applications due to their large surface area and very short charge‐carrier diffusion distance from the bulk to the surface. However, compared to their bulk counterpart, CNS' applications always suffer from an enlarged bandgap and thus narrowed solar absorption range. Here, an approach to significantly increase solar absorption of the atomically thin CNS via fluorination followed by thermal defluorination is reported. This approach can greatly increase the visible‐light absorption of CNS by extending the absorption edge up to 578 nm. The modulated CNS loaded with Pt cocatalyst as a photocatalyst shows a superior photocatalytic hydrogen production activity under visible‐light irradiation to Pt‐CNS. Combining experimental characterization with theoretical calculations shows that this approach can introduce cyano groups into the framework of CNS as well as the accompanied nitrogen vacancies at the edges, which leads to both narrowing the bandgap and changing the charge distribution. This study will provide an effective strategy to increase solar absorption of carbon‐nitride‐based photocatalysts for solar energy conversion applications.
Optical Vortex Transmutation with Geometric Metasurfaces of Rotational Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe free‐space optical vortex transmutation is realized by using geometric plasmonic metasurfaces with the designed noncanonical vortex phase profiles possessing discrete rotational symmetries of finite order. Based on the introduced continuous‐to‐discrete rotational symmetry breaking in metasurfaces, the vortex transmutation phenomena are observed behind the metasurfaces from the near‐field to far‐field diffraction in free space. The near‐field optical beam profile represents the input vortex, while in the far field the input vortex is diffracted into the central output vortex with topological charge determined by the transmutation rule and the symmetrically distributed off‐axis vortices with unity topological charge bifurcating from the input vortex, with the total orbital angular momentum conserved. The demonstrated free‐space optical vortex transformation will promise many potential applications related to optical communication, particle manipulation, and quantum information processing.
Silylative Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 2,2‐Dialkyl 5‐ and 6‐Membered Cyclic Benzylic Alcohol Derivatives Catalyzed by Chiral Guanidine, (R)‐N‐Methylbenzoguanidine
Authors: Yoshimatsu Shuhei , Nakata Kenya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEfficient silylative kinetic resolution of racemic 2,2‐dialkyl 5‐ and 6‐membered cyclic benzylic alcohols was achieved using diphenylmethylchlorosilane (Ph2MeSiCl) or phenyldimethylchlorosilane (PhMe2SiCl) as a silyl source catalyzed by chiral guanidine. The reaction could be applied to a broad range of 2,2‐dialkyl 1‐indanols with good s‐values, irrespective of the electronic nature of the substituent on the aromatic ring of the substrates and the type of substituent at the C2‐position. In addition, several 2,2‐dimethyl 6‐membered cyclic and heterocyclic alcohols could be adopted in the reaction.magnified image
Effect of electrolyte nature in mass transport of a neutral solute in a microtube with porous wall
Authors: Bhattacharjee Saikat , Mondal Sourav , Mondal Mrinmoy , De Sirshendu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElectroosmotic flow in a microchannel is an active area in microfluidics. Microchannels with porous wall are advantageous due to selective separation and enhanced mass transport. An economic and innovative method to fabricate hollow microtubes and their application in electrokinetics are illustrated. Effects of asymmetric electrolyte on mass transport of a neutral macrosolute in the microtube with porous wall are investigated. The combined velocity profile including both pressure‐driven and electroosmotic flow is modeled for different electrolytes. It is found from the study that the addition of higher valency asymmetric electrolyte (3:1) increases transport of neutral solutes across the porous wall compared to its symmetric counterpart (1:1). The developed model was validated with the experimental results, using a cartridge having hollow microtubes with porous wall. This study would be helpful to select an appropriate electrolyte, improving the design, and performance prediction of microfluidic devices.
Quadruple and Sextuple Triptycene Gears in Macrocyclic Frameworks
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Kawahata Kenta , Sugahara Kota , Oki Tomohiro , Iwanaga Tetsuo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThree macrocyclic compounds consisting of four or six triptycene‐9,10‐diyl units and acetylene and phenylene linkers were synthesized as multiple‐gear systems. These compounds were synthesized by macrocyclization of acyclic precursors via Eglinton coupling. DFT calculations showed that two or three triptycene units meshed with each other in the macrocyclic frameworks with C−H⋅⋅⋅π contacts. The 1H NMR spectra of these compounds were symmetric at room temperature, and the signals became slightly broad at low temperature. These observations suggest that the gear moieties rotate rapidly on the NMR time scale.