bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ РОССИЙСКИХ РАБОЧИХ: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ДИНАМИКА, ФАКТОРЫ, "Общественные науки и современность"
Authors: Тихонова Наталья Евгеньевна , КАРАВАЙ Анастасия Вадимовна 
Published: May 2018

В статье показано, что образовательный уровень российских рабочих довольно высок, хотя у подавляющего большинства из них нет профессиональной подготовки по той специальности, по которой они работают, или по близкой к ней (за исключением обучения непосредственно на рабочем месте). Более того, они не повышают и не стремятся повышать свою квалификацию. Продемонстрировано, что все эти особенности в последние годы усилились и что ключевые для развития данных негативных тенденций факторы - институционального характера, прежде всего незначимость в масштабах страны для уровня зарплат рабочих продолжительности их обучения или уровня профессионализма. Положительно влияет на их зарплату лишь наличие диплома о высшем образовании, который выступает для работодателя маркером большей социализированности, поскольку полученная в вузе специальность никак не соотносится у подавляющего большинства из них с профилем их деятельности. Падение ценности профессионализма и депрофессионализация не только рабочих, но и других российских работников, активно разворачивающаяся сейчас в России под лозунгами перехода к компетентностному подходу, ведет к тому, что в национальной производственной культуре постепенно утрачиваются ценности профессионализма. Однако видеть складывающуюся в области человеческого капитала рабочих картину исключительно в черном цвете тоже было бы неверно, поскольку у трети из них ярко выражена способность к обучению и переобучению, и при грамотной государственной политике именно эта часть рабочих способна стать кадровым резервом для технологического прорыва страны.
ПРОЩАЙ, СОВЕТСКИЙ ПРОСТОЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК!*, "Общественные науки и современность"
Authors: РАДАЕВ Вадим Валерьевич 
Published: May 2018

Обосновывается идея социального перелома в современной России, вызванного сменой поколений и обусловленного размыванием ценностей “советского простого человека”. ­Рассматриваются специфика и ограничения концепции “советского простого человека” и политического подхода к анализу поколений. Предлагается оригинальная классификация поколений, построенная по характеру исторических условий в период взросления. Исследуется межпоколенческая динамика по широкому набору социальных показателей. Особый акцент делается на разделении “советских” и “постсоветских” поколений. Для эмпирических иллюстраций используются данные Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ (1994-2016 гг.). ­Выявлена устойчивая значимость межпоколенческих различий в уровне образования, использовании цифровых технологий, формах досуговой деятельности и приверженности здоровому образу жизни. Делается общий вывод о необходимости новых исследовательских программ, альтернативных концепции “советского простого человека”.
МЕЖНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ БРАКИ КАК ЧАСТЬ СОВЕТСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО СЦЕНАРИЯ: СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ПОДХОД*, "Общественные науки и современность"
Authors: Лурье Светлана Владимировна 
Published: May 2018

В статье рассматриваются межнациональные браки в СССР как социокультурный феномен в контексте формирования в стране сценария “дружба народов”. Анализируется влияние советской национальной политики на народные сценарии межэтнических отношений. Сценарий “дружба народов” анализируется как форма поведенческого ролевого сценария, который проявляется в ­институте межнационального брака. Выдвигается тезис, что возможность массового распространения межнациональных браков между народами СССР была обусловлена формированием единого советского обобщенного культурного сценария, имевшего преломления в каждой из культур советских народов. Особое значение для межнациональной брачности имело распространение его в русской культуре, которая в лице мигрантов-колонистов в союзных республиках представала в ее советско-имперской форме. Изучаются особенности ассимиляционных процессов в СССР.
Long‐Lived Flexible Displays Employing Efficient and Stable Inverted Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Fukagawa Hirohiko , Sasaki Tsubasa , Tsuzuki Toshimitsu , Nakajima Yoshiki , Takei Tatsuya , Motomura Genichi , Hasegawa Munehiro , Morii Katsuyuki , Shimizu Takahisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are promising for use in applications such as in flexible displays, reports of long‐lived flexible OLED‐based devices are limited due to the poor environmental stability of OLEDs. Flexible substrates such as plastic allow ambient oxygen and moisture to permeate into devices, which degrades the alkali metals used for the electron‐injection layer in conventional OLEDs (cOLEDs). Here, the fabrication of a long‐lived flexible display is reported using efficient and stable inverted OLEDs (iOLEDs), in which electrons can be effectively injected without the use of alkali metals. The flexible display employing iOLEDs can emit light for over 1 year with simplified encapsulation, whereas a flexible display employing cOLEDs exhibits almost no luminescence after only 21 d with the same encapsulation. These results demonstrate the great potential of iOLEDs to replace cOLEDs employing alkali metals for use in a wide variety of flexible organic optoelectronic devices.
High‐Performance, Solution‐Processed, and Insulating‐Layer‐Free Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang Zhenxing , Ye Yuxun , Pu Chaodan , Deng Yunzhou , Dai Xingliang , Chen Xiaopeng , Chen Dong , Zheng Xuerong , Gao Yuan , Fang Wei , Peng Xiaogang , Jin Yizheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) may combine superior properties of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and advantages of solution‐based fabrication techniques to realize high‐performance, large‐area, and low‐cost electroluminescence devices. In the state‐of‐the‐art red QLED, an ultrathin insulating layer inserted between the QD layer and the oxide electron‐transporting layer (ETL) is crucial for both optimizing charge balance and preserving the QDs' emissive properties. However, this key insulating layer demands very accurate and precise control over thicknesses at sub‐10 nm level, causing substantial difficulties for industrial production. Here, it is reported that interfacial exciton quenching and charge balance can be independently controlled and optimized, leading to devices with efficiency and lifetime comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art devices. Suppressing exciton quenching at the ETL–QD interface, which is identified as being obligatory for high‐performance devices, is achieved by adopting Zn0.9Mg0.1O nanocrystals, instead of ZnO nanocrystals, as ETLs. Optimizing charge balance is readily addressed by other device engineering approaches, such as controlling the oxide ETL/cathode interface and adjusting the thickness of the oxide ETL. These findings are extended to fabrication of high‐efficiency green QLEDs without ultrathin insulating layers. The work may rationalize the design and fabrication of high‐performance QLEDs without ultrathin insulating layers, representing a step forward to large‐scale production and commercialization.
Cobalt Covalent Doping in MoS2 to Induce Bifunctionality of Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Xiong Qizhong , Wang Yun , Liu Peng‐Fei , Zheng Li‐Rong , Wang Guozhong , Yang Hua‐Gui , Wong Po‐Keung , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe layer‐structured MoS2 is a typical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst but it possesses poor activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a cobalt covalent doping approach capable of inducing HER and OER bifunctionality into MoS2 for efficient overall water splitting is reported. The results demonstrate that covalently doping cobalt into MoS2 can lead to dramatically enhanced HER activity while simultaneously inducing remarkable OER activity. The catalyst with optimal cobalt doping density can readily achieve HER and OER onset potentials of −0.02 and 1.45 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) in 1.0 m KOH. Importantly, it can deliver high current densities of 10, 100, and 200 mA cm−2 at low HER and OER overpotentials of 48, 132, 165 mV and 260, 350, 390 mV, respectively. The reported catalyst activation approach can be adapted for bifunctionalization of other transition metal dichalcogenides.
Ionic Liquid Gating Control of Spin Reorientation Transition and Switching of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Zhao Shishun , Wang Lei , Zhou Ziyao , Li Chunlei , Dong Guohua , Zhang Le , Peng Bin , Min Tai , Hu Zhongqiang , Ma Jing , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo‐Guang , Chen Wei , Yu Pu , Nan Ce‐Wen , Liu Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElectric field (E‐field) modulation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) switching, in an energy‐efficient manner, is of great potential to realize magnetoelectric (ME) memories and other ME devices. Voltage control of the spin‐reorientation transition (SRT) that allows the magnetic moment rotating between the out‐of‐plane and the in‐plane direction is thereby crucial. In this work, a remarkable magnetic anisotropy field change up to 1572 Oe is achieved under a small operation voltage of 4 V through ionic liquid (IL) gating control of SRT in Au/[DEME]+[TFSI]−/Pt/(Co/Pt)2/Ta capacitor heterostructures at room temperature, corresponding to a large ME coefficient of 378 Oe V−1. As revealed by both ferromagnetic resonance measurements and magnetic domain evolution observation, the magnetization can be switched stably and reversibly between the out‐of‐plane and in‐plane directions via IL gating. The key mechanism, revealed by the first‐principles calculation, is that the IL gating process influences the interfacial spin–orbital coupling as well as net Rashba magnetic field between the Co and Pt layers, resulting in the modulation of the SRT and in‐plane/out‐of‐plane magnetization switching. This work demonstrates a unique IL‐gated PMA with large ME tunability and paves a way toward IL gating spintronic/electronic devices such as voltage tunable PMA memories.
Temperature and Humidity Stable Alkali/Alkaline‐Earth Metal Carbonates as Electron Heterocontacts for Silicon Photovoltaics
Authors: Wan Yimao , Bullock James , Hettick Mark , Xu Zhaoran , Samundsett Chris , Yan Di , Peng Jun , Ye Jichun , Javey Ali , Cuevas Andres 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNanometer scale interfacial layers between the metal cathode and the n‐type semiconductor play a critical role in enhancing the transport of charge carriers in and out of optoelectronic devices. Here, a range of nanoscale alkali and alkaline earth metal carbonates (i.e., potassium, rubidium, caesium, calcium, strontium, and barium) are shown to function effectively as electron heterocontacts to lightly doped n‐type crystalline silicon (c‐Si), which is particularly challenging to contact with common metals. These carbonate interlayers are shown to enhance the performance of n‐type c‐Si proof‐of‐concept solar cells up to a power conversion efficiency of ≈19%. Furthermore, these devices are thermally stable up to 350 °C and both the caesium and barium carbonates pass a standard 1000 h damp heat test, with >95% of their initial performance maintained. The temperature and humidity stable electron heterocontacts based on alkali and alkaline earth metal carbonates show a high potential for industrial feasibility and longevity for deployment in the field.
Designing Low Impedance Interface Films Simultaneously on Anode and Cathode for High Energy Batteries
Authors: Liao Bo , Li Hongying , Xu Mengqing , Xing Lidan , Liao Youhao , Ren Xiubin , Fan Weizhen , Yu Le , Xu Kang , Li Weishan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh energy batteries urgently required to power electric vehicles are restricted by a number of challenges, one of which is the sluggish kinetics of cell reactions under low temperatures. A novel approach is reported to improve the low temperature performance of high energy batteries through rational construction of low impedance anode and cathode interface films. Such films are simultaneously formed on both electrodes via the reduction and oxidation of a salt, lithium difluorobis(oxalato) phosphate. The formation mechanisms of these interface films and their contributions to the improved low temperature performances of high energy batteries are demonstrated using various physical and electrochemical techniques on a graphite/LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 battery using 1 m LiPF6‐ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (1/2, in weight) baseline electrolyte. It is found that the interface impedances, especially the one on the anode, constitute the main obstacle to capacity delivery of high energy batteries at low temperatures, while the salt containing fluorine and oxalate substructures used as additives can effectively suppress them.
Carbene und Nitrene: Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Grundlagenchemie
Authors: Wentrup Curt 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbene und Nitrene können sowohl in Singulett‐ als auch Triplett‐Zuständen existieren, die zuweilen gleich stabil sind und entweder thermisch oder photochemisch interkonvertiert werden können. Viele Carben‐ und Nitren‐Reaktionen verlaufen über Tunnelprozesse bei tiefen Temperaturen. Zahlreiche Singulett‐ und Triplett‐Zustände wurden spektroskopisch charakterisiert, und ein detailliertes Verständnis der chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Carbenen und Nitrenen ist im Entstehen. In den letzten Jahren gab es signifikante Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der direkten Beobachtung von Carbenen, Nitrenen und vielen anderen reaktiven Zwischenstufen mittels Matrix‐Photolyse und Vakuum‐Blitzpyrolyse (flash vacuum pyrolysis, FVP) gekoppelt mit Matrixisolation bei kryogenen Temperauren. Unser Verständnis von Singulett‐ und Triplett‐Zuständen hat sich durch das Zusammenspiel von Spektroskopie und theoretischen Studien weiterentwickelt. Die Existenz bistabiler Carbene und Nitrene sowie viele Beispiele von Tunnelprozessen wurden demonstriert, ebenso wie die Korrelation zwischen den magnetischen Nullfeldparametern D und Spindichten in Nitrenen und Carbenen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz gibt einen Überblick über einige diese Entwicklungen.
Innovative Strategien für die photodynamische Therapie hypoxischer Tumore
Authors: Li Xingshu , Kwon Nahyun , Guo Tian , Liu Zhuang , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTrotz ihres Potentials für klinische Anwendungen besitzt die photodynamische Therapie einen entscheidenden Nachteil, der mit der inhärenten Abhängigkeit von Sauerstoff einhergeht und ihre Effektivität bei der Behandlung hypoxischer Tumore einschränkt. Des Weiteren befördern sowohl der Sauerstoffverbrauch als auch die Schädigung der Mikrovaskulatur die Tumorhypoxie und beeinträchtigen daher den möglichen Therapieerfolg. In den letzten Jahren widmeten sich zahlreiche Untersuchungen der Entwicklung innovativer Methoden, um diese Schwierigkeiten zu überwinden und die Einschränkungen der PDT im Zusammenhang mit Hypoxie zu umgehen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien werden in diesem Kurzaufsatz zusammengefasst.
Van der Waals Emulsions: Emulsions Stabilized by Surface‐Inactive, Hydrophilic Particles via van der Waals Attraction
Authors: Marina Paula Facal , Cheng Chongling , Sedev Rossen , Stocco Antonio , Binks Bernard P. , Wang Dayang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSurface‐inactive, highly hydrophilic particles are utilized to effectively and reversibly stabilize oil‐in‐water emulsions. This is a result of attractive van der Waals forces between particles and oil droplets in water, which are sufficient to trap the particles in close proximity to oil–water interfaces when repulsive forces between particles and oil droplets are suppressed. The emulsifying efficiency of the highly hydrophilic particles is determined by van der Waals attraction between particle monolayer shells and oil droplets enclosed therein and is inversely proportional to the particle size, while their stabilizing efficiency is determined by van der Waals attraction between single particles and oil droplets, which is proportional to the particle size. This differentiation in mechanism between emulsification and stabilization will significantly advance our knowledge of emulsions, thus enabling better control and design of emulsion‐based technologies in practice.
Innovative Strategies for Hypoxic‐Tumor Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Xingshu , Kwon Nahyun , Guo Tian , Liu Zhuang , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite its clinical promise, photodynamic therapy (PDT) suffers from a key drawback associated with its oxygen‐dependent nature, which limits its effective use against hypoxic tumors. Moreover, both PDT‐mediated oxygen consumption and microvascular damage further increase tumor hypoxia and, thus, impede therapeutic outcomes. In recent years, numerous investigations have focused on strategies for overcoming this drawback of PDT. These efforts, which are summarized in this review, have produced many innovative methods to avoid the limits of PDT associated with hypoxia.
Zinc(II)‐N2O2ligation complex‐based DNA/protein binder and cleaver having enhanced cytotoxic and phosphatase activity
Authors: Neelakantan M.A. , Balakrishnan C. , Balamurugan K. , Mariappan S.S. 
Published: May 2018

The alkyne arms containing zinc(II) N2O2ligation complexes (1) and (2) were prepared from 2,2′‐{cyclohexane‐1,2‐diylbis[nitrilo(E)methylylidene]}bis[5‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)phenol] (L1) and 2,2′‐{1,2‐phenylenebis[nitrilo(E)methylylidene]}bis[5‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)phenol] (L2) and characterized by analytical and various spectral techniques. The molecular geometry of1and2was optimized by Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level and compared with literature. The complexes are stable in solution, and their solution structure was assessed using NMR and ESI‐MS spectroscopy. Topological analysis of the electron density and nature of the bonding in the complexes has been determined by using Bader's AIM method. The interaction and binding modes of calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) with complexes (1and2) were investigated by using absorption and emission spectral and viscometric studies. The nuclease activity investigated through gel electrophoresis reveals that1and2exhibits a significant DNA cleavage activity via a hydrolytic pathway and is further confirmed by an experiment performed in the presence of T4 ligase. The protein binding ability of1and2with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein evaluated show good protein binding propensity.In‐vitrocytotoxicity of the complexes has shown significant activity against human brain tumor (U87 MG) and breast carcinoma (BT20) cancer cell lines. The comet assay has been used to determine the extent of DNA fragmentation in cancer cells. The phosphatase activity investigated through kinetic measurements establishes that the zinc complexes possess significant hydrolytic efficiency and follow the order2 > 1. The DFT calculations have also been carried out to support the proposed mechanistic pathway of catalytic activity.
On fail‐safe systems under random shocks
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Amini‐Seresht Ebrahim , Zhao Peng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn practical situations, systems often suffer shocks from external stressing environments, stressing the system at random. These random shocks may have non‐ignorable effects on the system's reliability. In this paper, we provide sufficient (and necessary) conditions on components' lifetimes and their surviving probabilities from random shocks for comparing the lifetimes of two fail‐safe systems by means of the usual stochastic, hazard rate, and likelihood ratio orderings. Numerical examples are presented to highlight these theoretical results as well.
Cancer phase I trial design using drug combinations when a fraction of dose limiting toxicities is attributable to one or more agents
Authors: Jimenez Jose L. , Tighiouart Mourad , Gasparini Mauro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDrug combination trials are increasingly common nowadays in clinical research. However, very few methods have been developed to consider toxicity attributions in the dose escalation process. We are motivated by a trial in which the clinician is able to identify certain toxicities that can be attributed to one of the agents. We present a Bayesian adaptive design in which toxicity attributions are modeled via copula regression and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) curve is estimated as a function of model parameters. The dose escalation algorithm uses cohorts of two patients, following the continual reassessment method (CRM) scheme, where at each stage of the trial, we search for the dose of one agent given the current dose of the other agent. The performance of the design is studied by evaluating its operating characteristics when the underlying model is either correctly specified or misspecified. We show that this method can be extended to accommodate discrete dose combinations.
19q13.11 microdeletion: Clinical features overlapping ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia‐clefting syndrome phenotype
Authors: Abe Kikue Terada , Rizzo Isabela M. P. O. , Coelho Ana L. V. , Sakai Nilo , Carvalho Daniel R. , Speck‐Martins Carlos E. 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe report a patient who was followed for a long time under an ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia‐clefting (EEC) syndrome and was subsequently diagnosed with a 19q13.11 microdeletion. After a review of the related literature, we suggest testing patients with EEC for 19q13.11 microdeletion and include WTIP and UBA2 to a minimal overlapping region.
Cheilitis: An unusual presentation of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Sujanitha Vathulan , Kumanan Thirunavukarasu , Felicia Srisaravanapavananthan , Suganthan Navaneethakrishnan 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL) involving lip is extremely uncommon. A clinical diagnosis of Leishmaniasis of the lips is often challenging to the treating clinician and may result in delayed diagnosis as this case illustrates. MCL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lip lesions in a Leishmania endemic area.
Environmental Effects Determine the Structure of Potential β‐Amino Acid Based Foldamers
Authors: Sussman Fredy , Sánchez‐Pedregal Víctor M. , Estévez Juan C. , Balo Rosalino , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Ardá Ana , Gimeno Ana , Royo Miriam , Villaverde M. Carmen , Estévez Ramón J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis work shows that hybrid peptides formed by alternating trans‐2‐aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (trans‐ACPC) and trans‐2‐aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (trans‐ACHC) do not fold in the solvents typically used in the study of their homo‐oligomers. Only when the peptides are assayed in SDS micelles are the predicted helical structures obtained. This indicates that the environment could play an equally important role (as the backbone stereochemistry) in determining their fold, possibly by providing a sequestered environment.
General Catalytic Enantioselective Access to Monohalomethyl and Trifluoromethyl Cyclopropanes
Authors: Huang Wei‐Sheng , Schlinquer Claire , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier , Charette André B. , Jubault Philippe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn efficient catalytic enantioselective access to chiral functionalized trifluoromethyl cyclopropanes from two classes of diazo compounds and α‐trifluoromethyl styrenes using Rh2((S)‐BTPCP)4 as a catalyst is described. This method provides an efficient and practical strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized CF3‐cyclopropanes with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 20:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). The depicted methodology represents, to date, the most efficient catalytic enantioselective method to access highly decorated chiral CF3‐cyclopropanes. Extension to chiral monohalomethyl cyclopropanes in high ee is also reported.