bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use and cost of disease-modifying therapies by Sonya Slifka Study participants: has anything really changed since 2000 and 2009?
Authors: Minden Sarah L , Kinkel R Philip , Machado Helene T , Levin Jonathan S , Rosenthal Meredith B , Iezzoni Lisa I 
Published: February 2019

Background Disease-modifying therapies benefit individuals with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, but their utility remains unclear for those without relapses. Objective To determine disease-modifying therapy use and costs in 2009, compare use in 2009 and 2000, and examine compliance with evidence-based guidelines. Methods We determined the extent and characteristics of disease-modifying therapy use by participants in the Sonya Slifka Longitudinal Multiple Sclerosis Study (Slifka) in 2000 ( n=2156) and 2009 ( n=2361) and estimated out-of-pocket and total (payer) costs for 2009. Two multivariable logistic regressions predicted disease-modifying therapy use. Results Disease-modifying therapy use increased from 55.3% in 2000 to 61.5% in 2009. In 2009, disease-modifying therapy use was reported by 76.5% of participants with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, 73.2% with progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis, 62.5% with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, and 41.8% with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Use was significantly associated with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, shorter duration of illness, one to two relapses per year, non-ambulatory symptoms, using a cane, younger age, higher family income, and having health insurance. Average annual costs in 2009 were US$939–3101 for patients and US$16,302–18,928 for payers. Conclusion Use rates were highest for individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, but substantial for those with progressive courses although clinical trials have not demonstrated significant benefits for them.
Thoracic endovascular repair of a rare case of leaking aortic arch intramural hematoma secondary to Giant cell arteritis
Authors: Salaskar Abhijit , Najam Farzad , Pocock Elizabeth , Sarin Shawn 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Traditionally thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) secondary to Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) were treated with resection and open repair. However no prior studies have reported an aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) as a presentation of GCA or outcome of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in TAA or IMH secondary to GCA.

Case presentation
A 59 year old female, nonsmoker, non-hypertensive, non-diabetic with a known history of GCA, temporal arteritis on prednisone presented with shortness of breath & chest pain. Chest CT revealed aortic arch IMH and large left hemothorax. CTA confirmed distal aortic arch focal dilation, a focal intimal irregularity in the distal aortic arch and extensive IMH without any active extravasation or signs of aortitis. Patient underwent an urgent TEVAR without oversizing the aortic landing zones. Post TEVAR aortogram showed exclusion of the site of IMH origin and dilated aortic arch segment by the stent and absence of active extravasation. One month post-TEVAR CTA showed patent stent graft with resolution of IMH and hemothorax. One year after TEVAR, patient remained asymptomatic.

Conclusion
GCA can present as an IMH secondary to underlying chronic vasculitis. When endovascular repair is considered, great care should be taken not to grossly oversize aortic landing zones.
Who Participated in the ACA? Gains in Insurance Coverage by Political Partisanship
Authors: Sances Michael W. , Clinton Joshua D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContext: The authors examined whether participation in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) differed by political partisanship. Answering this question is important for understanding how contentious elite-level decision making and discourse may affect policy uptake, and the ability of the ACA to create a constituency of beneficiaries invested in its support.Methods: The authors combined county- and individual-level data on health insurance gains, political partisanship, and variation in the ACA's implementation to test whether Democratic areas and individuals are more likely to gain health insurance after implementation of the ACA.Findings: While there was some evidence that Democrats experienced larger insurance gains than Republicans, the major partisan divide was in how insurance was obtained: Democrats were more likely than Republicans to enroll in private marketplace plans, but there were no partisan differences in uptake among those gaining insurance via the Medicaid expansions.Conclusions: These results provide some important context for the well-known and persistent partisan divide in support for the ACA, an attitudinal divide whose reflection in program participation appears conditional on the salience of different aspects of the ACA.
Disenrolled: Retrenchment and Voting in Health Policy
Authors: Haselswerdt Jake , Michener Jamila 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Context: Recent studies have shown that changes in public health insurance policy have the potential to affect political participation. In particular, aggregate-level analyses suggest that increases in Medicaid enrollment due to the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion are associated with increased voter turnout. Given the current uncertainty surrounding the future of Medicaid, these results lead to an important and related question: What happens to political participation when public health insurance coverage is reduced?
Methods: Leveraging changes instituted by the state of Tennessee in the early 2000s to its Medicaid program, TennCare, the authors employed a first-differences approach to examine the effect of health policy retrenchment on county-level voter turnout and partisan vote share in gubernatorial elections.
Findings: Counties with larger Medicaid enrollment declines saw larger decreases and smaller increases in voter turnout between 2002 and 2006 relative to those with smaller declines. Disenrollment was also associated with reduced Democratic vote share, though these results are not robust to controls.
Conclusions: Rather than mobilizing voters angry about losing coverage, the TennCare disenrollment seems to have had a demobilizing effect. The negative resource and interpretive effects of losing coverage likely outweigh any mobilizing backlash effect of retrenchment.
Wearable Sleep Technology in Clinical and Research Settings
Authors: DE ZAMBOTTI MASSIMILIANO , CELLINI NICOLA , GOLDSTONE AIMÉE , COLRAIN IAN M. , BAKER FIONA C. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

The accurate assessment of sleep is critical to better understand and evaluate its role in health and disease. The boom in wearable technology is part of the digital health revolution and is producing many novel, highly sophisticated and relatively inexpensive consumer devices collecting data from multiple sensors and claiming to extract information about users’ behaviors, including sleep. These devices are now able to capture different biosignals for determining, for example, HR and its variability, skin conductance, and temperature, in addition to activity. They perform 24/7, generating overwhelmingly large data sets (big data), with the potential of offering an unprecedented window on users’ health. Unfortunately, little guidance exists within and outside the scientific sleep community for their use, leading to confusion and controversy about their validity and application. The current state-of-the-art review aims to highlight use, validation and utility of consumer wearable sleep-trackers in clinical practice and research. Guidelines for a standardized assessment of device performance is deemed necessary, and several critical factors (proprietary algorithms, device malfunction, firmware updates) need to be considered before using these devices in clinical and sleep research protocols. Ultimately, wearable sleep technology holds promise for advancing understanding of sleep health; however, a careful path forward needs to be navigated, understanding the benefits and pitfalls of this technology as applied in sleep research and clinical sleep medicine.
Placing Value on Telemedicine for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Siegel Corey A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Telemedicine can take a number of forms. A popular approach is the use of telemonitoring, which takes advantage of available technology to follow patients remotely. Cross and colleagues present the results of a well-done randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a telemonitoring program for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. They did not show a difference in disease activity, but this study leads us to question whether we know the appropriate outcomes to follow for telemedicine interventions. If we can show that telemedicine maintains quality of care at lower costs, the value of these types of interventions will ultimately be increased.
Relationship between climate trends and grassland yield across contrasting European locations
Authors: Goliński Piotr , Czerwiński Marek , Jørgensen Marit , Mølmann Jørgen A.B. , Golińska Barbara , Taff Gregory 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe investigated climatic trends in two contrasting locations in Europe at a regional level and at two specific sites, and we analysed how these trends are associated with the dry matter yield (DMY) of agriculturally improved grasslands. Trends of different meteorological variables were evaluated for Wielkopolska province, central Poland (1985-2014) and Troms county, northern Norway (1989-2015), as well as for two research stations located in these regions. Significant trends of increased mean air temperatures annually, and in April, June, July, August and November were identified both at the regional and site levels in Wielkopolska. In addition, growing degree days were increasing in Wielkopolska. In Troms, the common trends for the region and site studied were increase in mean air temperature in May and decrease in January. Grassland DMY was subsequently regressed against those meteorological variables for which significant trends were detected. In the Wielkopolska region, yields were negatively associated with the increase in air temperature in June, August, and the annual air temperature. The last relationship was also detected at the site level. We did not find any significant effects of climate trends on grassland DMY in the Norwegian study site or region.
Chemical modification of neuropeptide Y for human Y1receptor targeting in health and disease
Authors: Hofmann Sven , Bellmann-Sickert Kathrin , Beck-Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs a very abundant neuropeptide in the brain and widely distributed peptide hormone in the periphery, neuropeptide Y (NPY) appears to be a multisignaling key peptide. Together with peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide and the four human G protein-coupled receptor subtypes hY1R, hY2R, hY4R and hY5R it forms the NPY/hYR multiligand/multireceptor system, which is involved in essential physiological processes as well as in human diseases. In particular, NPY-induced hY1R signaling plays a central role in the regulation of food intake and stress response as well as in obesity, mood disorders and cancer. Thus, several hY1R-preferring NPY analogs have been developed as versatile tools to unravel the complex NPY/hY1R signaling in health and disease. Further, these peptides provide basic lead structures for the development of innovative drugs. Here, the current research is summarized focusing on the development of differently sized hY1R-preferring NPY analogs as well as their advances with respect to hY1R profiling, potential therapeutic applications and targeted cancer imaging and therapy. Finally, major limitations and innovative strategies for next generation hY1R-preferring NPY analogs are addressed.
Wolf diet and livestock selection in central Greece
Authors: Petridou Maria , Youlatos Dionisios , Lazarou Yorgos , Selinides Kiriakos , Pylidis Charilaos , Giannakopoulos Alexios , Kati Vassiliki , Iliopoulos Yorgos 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Understanding the feeding habits of wolves is essential for designing and implementing fundamental management processes across the range of the species. This is even more important within human-dominated areas, such as southern Europe, and more especially Greece. In this context, we analyzed 123 scat samples, collected between 2010 and 2012, from a mixed agricultural, forested and human-dominated area, centered on the municipality of Domokos in central continental Greece. We used standard laboratory procedures for scat analysis and calculated percentages of frequency of occurrence (FO%), average volume (AV%) and biomass index (BM%) to assess diet composition, and estimated prey selectivity. Domestic prey composed the bulk of wolf diet (FO%=73.5, AV%=84.8, BM%=97.2), wild ungulates were almost absent (FO%=0.5, AV%=0.8, BM%=1.2), whereas grass consumption was high in our area (FO%=19.5, AV%=11.0). The high dependence on livestock corroborates previous studies from Greece and other countries in southern Europe. Goat (FO%=46.0, AV%=61.2, BM%=64.9) was the main prey and was strongly selected, with sheep (FO%=11.5, AV%=9.0, BM%=11.2), pig carrion and cattle ranking behind (FO%=11.5, AV%=10.1, BM%=8.7 and FO%=4.5, AV%=4.5, BM%=12.4, respectively). No differences across seasons were detected, except from pig carrion, which increased during winter. The preference for goats is probably associated with its grazing behavior. High livestock consumption generally results in increased human-wolf conflict. Thus, substantial improvement of husbandry practices and restoration of wild ungulate populations are recommended to facilitate wolf-human coexistence in Greece.
‘Ikke snakke norsk?’ – Transnational adolescents and negotiations of family language policy explored through family interview
Authors: Obojska Maria Antonina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Multilingual families and their language policies have attracted considerable attention in recent sociolinguistic work. Adding to this line of research, this article focuses on a case study of a transnational Polish family living in Norway and investigates the role adolescent children may play in the formation of family language policies. To this end the article analyses stances towards language practices at home taken in an interaction between the father and one of the adolescent daughters of the family. The article argues that the perspectives of adolescent children may be of crucial importance for the establishment of family language policies and thus deserve scholarly attention. Methodologically, the article draws attention to family interviews as a useful tool in generating sociolinguistic data for studies of Family Language Policies and advocates an interactional approach to interview data.
Isolation and crystal structure of 4-((2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)amino)-2-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid from Delphinium Grandiflorum, C13H15N1O5
Authors: Li Guo-Qiang , Li Yun-Yi , Zhao Yi-Ting , Xu Qing-Peng , Li Yao-Lan , Wang Guo-Cai 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
C13H15N1O5, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.9457(7) Å, b = 8.7190(9) Å, c = 9.9964(10) Å, α = 100.254(8)°, β = 100.036(8)°, γ = 94.760(8)°, V = 666.38(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0453, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1243, T = 298 K.
Evolution of the periodic table through the synthesis of new elements
Authors: Chemey Alexander T. , Albrecht-Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This brief introduction to the synthesis and chemistry of elements discovered since 1940 is focused primarily on Z=93–118. The goal of this work is not to simply catalogue the nuclear fusion reactions needed to prepare new elements, but rather to focus on the chemical and physical properties that these elements possess. These elements share a single common feature in that they all have large Z values, and thus have electronic structures that are significantly altered by both scalar relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling. These effects scale nonlinearly with increasing Z and create unexpected deviations both across series and down groups of elements. The magnitude of these effects is large enough that orbital energies rearrange and mix in ways that complicate incomplete depictions of electronic structure that are based solely on electron repulsion. Thus, the primary aim of this review is to document the impact of relativistic effects on electronic structure and how this has altered not just our understanding of the chemistry of heavy elements, but has even created in the need to rearrange the Periodic Table itself.
Structural, Dielectric and Magnetic Studies of Perovskite [Gd1−xMxCrO3 (M = La, Co, Bi)] Nanoparticles: Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes
Authors: Bibi Ismat , Hussain Sabir , Majid Farzana , Kamal Shagufta , Ata Sadia , Sultan Misbah , Din Muhammad Imran , Iqbal Munawar , Nazir Arif 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) of Gd1−xMxCrO3 (M = La, Co, Bi) were synthesized by microemulsion techniques, involving simultaneous single ion substitution philosophy. Structural, magnetic, dielectric properties, morphology, elemental analysis and distribution size of fabricated nano-crystalline were determined. The techniques employed for investigation are X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), dielectric measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), photoluminescence (PL) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. XRD pattern confirm that all the as-synthesized NPs have orthorhombic structure and successfully substituted of different metal ions into the regular crystal structure of GdCrO3. The lattice parameters X-ray density, bulk density, porosity and grain size were calculated from XRD pattern of Gd1−xMxCrO3 (M = La, Co, Bi) substituted and un-substituted GdCrO3. The magnetic hysteresis loop of fabricated product confirmed that the entire sample exhibits ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. It was also found that the fabricated NPs show excellent photocatalytic activity (PCA) against Congo-red, about 78.24% after 55 min of incubation.
Multiple-Joint Isokinetic Dynamometry: A Critical Review
Authors: Dvir Zeevi , Müller Steffen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Dvir, Z and Müller, S. Multiple-joint isokinetic dynamometry: a critical review. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 587–601, 2020—Angular isokinetic dynamometry (AID) is widely regarded as the gold standard for dynamic muscle performance testing. Based on the rotational movement of its actuator, AID targets “single-joint” (knee, shoulder, hip, etc.) configurations namely measurement of muscle potential while it moves the lever arm-limb assembly ostensibly around a single fixed axis. On the other hand, the application of multiple-joint isokinetic dynamometry (MID) is relatively narrow, both in research and in practice. This situation is due, possibly, to the fact that these dynamometers are generally more limited in scope namely to testing/conditioning of combined hip, knee, ankle motion (leg press), combined shoulder, elbow motion, and lifting motion patterns, despite the fact that all 3 are associated with higher functionality. However, with the emerging importance of MID, this critical review takes a fresh look at its various aspects including the terminology and classification of multiple-joint isokinetic dynamometers; the problem of scaling namely the need to adjust the range of motion and linear velocities to subjective anthropometric measures; specific technical and methodological issues that underlie the valid application of these dynamometers; available reference values; and the reproducibility of MID-based test findings. Analysis of these topics indicates that MID may validly and effectively be applied for the assessment and conditioning of specific muscle action patterns. However, there is a clear need for standardization of tests and for conditioning protocols alongside research into the use of this method in various clinical cohorts.
Laboratory Simulator for Geotechnical Penetration Tests
Authors: Ghali Michael , Chekired Mohamed , Karray Mourad 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The most widely used methods for the in situ investigation of the mechanical characteristics of soil are field penetration tests such as the standard and cone penetration tests, which apply several empirical correlations. Many geotechnical researchers have tried to improve the empirical correlations by analyzing comparisons of field penetration tests and laboratory simulations, as well as virtual numerical simulations. However, geotechnical parameters such as relative density, void ratio range, grain size distribution, angularity, mean particle size, uniformity coefficient, effective overburden stress, and mean confinement stress have interlocking effects. Consequently, the use of calibration chambers, which can simulate ideal conditions for the soil in the laboratory, are essential. The authors have developed an axisymmetric innovative simulator system, not only to perform parametric studies on the aforementioned parameters but also to simulate a range of field conditions under substantially controlled boundary conditions. This article also presents results for a series of calibration tests to prove its applicability on nonplastic silts, sands, and granular materials. Repetitive tests, under identical testing circumstances, verified the accuracy, efficiency, and durability of the system. The current work also correlates with the results of comparative studies to investigate the effectiveness of the simulations.
Seccess is the Enemy of Experimentation
Authors: Hidayati Sri 
Published: February 2019

In a competitive world, the raising demands to perform good governance are urgency. Learning is essential requirement to organisation to sustain existence and get success. However, success sometimes defined differently by different people. Success which is defined as stability more likely would impede the experimentation (a learning process). By using the perspective of organization culture, this paper tries to assess and contextualize the claim from Levitt and March (1988) that “Success is the Enemy of Experimentation” to organizational learning. This paper is provided by an empirical case study of a university based research organisation and is try to contribute to a more complete understanding of organizational learning.