bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadmium availability in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in cacao farms in Santander, Colombia
Authors: Adarme-Duran C. A. , Ágreda J. , Brandão P. F. B. , Castillo E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCurrent research has highlighted the need to understand the factors influencing cadmium (Cd) availability in cacao-growing soils to elucidate its presence in cacao beans (the raw material for chocolate). Although literature about this topic is increasing, few report the importance of rhizosphere soils on Cd dynamics. This study aimed to understand the changes in available Cd and its association with soil properties (pH, pseudo-total Cd, available Cd (Cd-DTPA), Ca, Mg, K, Na, soil organic carbon, P, Zn, urease activity, exchangeable acidity, and cation exchange capacity) considering rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. Both soil types (51 samples of each, 102 in total) were collected from two Colombian cacao farms. The medians of pseudo-total Cd (1.86 mg kg−1) and Cd-DTPA (0.76 mg kg−1) were, respectively, about threefold and fourfold higher in rhizosphere compared to non-rhizosphere soils. Principal component analysis showed a clear distinction between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils based on differences in soil properties, which explained the observed changes in available Cd when comparing both soil types. Soil organic carbon and Zn were important drivers of available Cd in rhizosphere soils. Spatial distribution analysis revealed a tendency of available Cd to cluster in rhizosphere soils, and indicated hotspots within each farm. These findings highlight the importance of rhizosphere soils for Cd diagnosis and monitoring, and for improving knowledge about Cd dynamics in the soil-Theobroma cacao L. system.
Overqualification Among Second-Generation Children of Immigrants in the Swedish Labour Market
Authors: Kim Wooseong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Research on the children of immigrants born in the host country (G2) consistently reveals disparities between their educational achievements and labour market outcomes compared to the majority population. This study provides new insights into understanding this disparity by examining patterns of overqualification—i.e., a downward educational mismatch—among the G2. Specifically, it explores 1) how overqualification patterns differ between the G2, foreign-born immigrants (G1), and the majority population and 2) how overqualification patterns vary across ten G2 ancestry groups compared to the majority population. Utilizing Swedish total population register data and linear probability models, this study estimates the probability of overqualification across different immigrant generations and ancestry groups, employing the Realised Matches method to measure overqualification. The results indicate that while G2 individuals have a lower probability of experiencing overqualification compared to G1, they face moderately higher probabilities of overqualification than the majority population—up to 19% higher. This disparity is particularly pronounced among G2 individuals with tertiary education and those of Iranian, Middle Eastern and North African, and Other Non-Western origins, with up to 39% higher probabilities. These findings suggest that G2 individuals, particularly those of non-Western origins, encounter significant challenges in translating their educational qualifications into commensurate employment within the Swedish labour market.
Some Remarks on Recent Approaches to Torsionful Non-relativistic Gravity
Authors: March Eleanor , Read James , Teh Nicholas J. , Wolf William J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, the physics literature on torsionful non-relativistic gravity has burgeoned; more recently, philosophers have also begun to explore this topic. As of yet, however, the connections between the writings of physicists and philosophers on torsionful non-relativistic gravity remain unclear. In this article, we seek to bridge the gap, in particular by situating within the context of the existing physics literature a recent theory of non-relativistic torsionful gravity developed by philosophers Meskhidze and Weatherall (Philos Sci, https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2023.136, 2023) we also discuss the philosophical significance of that theory.
The Structure of Paradoxes in a Logic of Sentential Operators
Authors: Walicki Michał 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAny language $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
of classical logic, of first- or higher-order, is expanded with sentential quantifiers and operators. The resulting language $$\mathcal {L}^+\!$$

L

+

, capable of self-reference without arithmetic or syntax encoding, can serve as its own metalanguage. The syntax of $$\mathcal {L}^+$$

L

+

is represented by directed graphs, and its semantics, which coincides with the classical one on $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
, uses the graph-theoretic concepts of kernels and semikernels. Kernels provide an explosive semantics, while semikernels generalize this to situations where paradoxes do not lead to explosion, thus distinguishing them from contradictions. Paradoxes arise only at the metalevel due to specific interpretations of the operators, but they can be avoided: $$\mathcal {L}^+$$

L

+

can express paradoxes but remains free from them. For an expansion $$\mathcal {L}^+$$

L

+

of any FOL language $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
, with the non-explosive semantics, a complete reasoning system is obtained by extending Gentzen’s classical sequent calculus with two rules for the sentential quantifiers. Adding (cut) yields a complete system for the explosive semantics. The novel semantics and self-referential capabilities seem promising for a further extension of classical logic towards one capable also of consistently expressing its own syntax and truth theory.
Dental-dedicated magnetic resonance imaging in the follow-up of lower third molar removal
Authors: Fuglsig João M. C. E. S. , Sampaio-Oliveira Matheus , Spin-Neto Rubens 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe objective is to present a dental-dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (ddMRI)-based follow-up of inferior third molar removal over 12 months. A 30-year-old female presented with recurrent pain and bleeding from her lower right third molar. With adding diagnostic information from a panoramic image, the tooth was referred for removal. The patient underwent ddMRI using a dental coil with a proton density (PD) weighed turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence and a PD-TSE-STIR with fat suppression to highlight possible inflammatory processes. The scans were performed pre-operatively, immediately post-operatively, and in a rigorous follow-up (weekly basis for the first 6 weeks, bi-weekly from 7 to 12 weeks, and once at 6 and 12 months post-operatively). Using ImageJ software, circular ROIs were selected in the extraction alveolus coronary, middle, and apical regions. Mean grey values (MGVs) and standard deviation (SD) were obtained. A trend of decreasing MGVs in the PD (TSE) pulse sequence was observed over time, irrespective of the root third. Considering the PD-STIR (TSE), no trend was observed. ddMRI is feasible in the follow-up assessment of inferior third molar removal. Further clinical trials with larger samples are needed to define the usability of follow-up with ddMRI, considering a potential added diagnostic value.
Dynamics of plastic debris and its density change between river compartments in the Tuul River system, Mongolia
Authors: Munkhbat Dolgormaa , Battulga Batdulam , Oyuntsetseg Bolormaa , Kawahigashi Masayuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlastic pollution in river environments has become an emerging global concern. However, the migration of plastic and changes in its properties between river compartments are less understood. This study demonstrates the plastic debris aging and the dynamics between floodplain, surface water, and sediment compartments of the Tuul River, Mongolia. Plastic occurrence is evaluated in terms of their abundance, size, shape, polymer type, and photodegradation in each compartment. Photodegradation stages were calculated using the carbonyl index (CI). Plastic abundance was 5.46 ± 3.53 items m−2 in the floodplain, 155 ± 100.7 items m−3 in the surface water, and 128.4 ± 76.3 items kg−1 in the sediment. Microplastics dominated in the size category in all compartments, while macro- and megaplastics were found only in the floodplain. Polyethylene and polypropylene dominated the surface water and sediment, while polystyrene was the predominant plastic in the floodplain. A positive correlation was found between the distributed polymer types in the surface water and sediment compartments. The similar composition in size and polymer type suggests vertical plastic migration from water to sediment. Although CI values showed that the plastic aging was significantly different between water and sediment (water, 0.61 ± 0.26, and sediment, 0.90 ± 0.68), the dominance of low-density plastics with high CI in the sediment suggests that the aged plastic density changed during the vertical transport in the river system.
Management of the soil environment using biochar and zeolite in various combinations: impact on soil condition and economical aspects
Authors: Kukowska Sylwia , Szewczuk-Karpisz Katarzyna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Both biochars (BCs) and zeolites (Zs) are defined as soil conditioners affecting various parameters of soil environment. In most cases, BCs and Zs are characterized by well-developed specific surface area, high porosity, and excellent sorption properties, which is highly helpful in soil reclamation or conditioning. This literature review compares impact of BCs and Zs on the physicochemical properties of various soils as well as economic aspects of their synthesis.

Materials and methods
The review was prepared based on the articles published in the last 5 years (2018–2023). The articles were selected from the ScienceDirect® database using the keywords: ‘biochar/zeolite impact on soil physicochemical properties’, ‘biochar/zeolite impact on water retention of soil’ and ‘biochar/zeolite economic aspects’.

Results and discussion
Based on the available data, it can be stated that both BCs and Zs have good sorptive properties, which usually contributes to better growth of crops. Comparing them and choosing which one is more promising depends on the specific purpose and type of soil to which they are to be applied. BCs usage contributes mainly to providing organic matter and improving soil structure, while Zs enhance soil water retention. The profitability of BCs/Zs production depends largely on the precursor as well as the synthesis method.

Conclusions
Due to the fact that impact of synthetic Zs on the soil environment is much less frequently investigated than that of BCs, the research using Zs and various soil types is especially needed. In some cases, it is advisable to apply biochar (BC) and zeolite (Z) simultaneously. Combinations of these materials may provide benefits in soil structure, water retention, and fertility. Such mixed techniques should be investigated in the near future.
Mapping China’s influence at the United Nations
Authors: Lam Shing-hon , Fung Courtney J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHow do emerging powers secure international leadership posts? How do these international civil service positions contribute to an emerging power’s influence in multilateral institutions? Focusing on China as an emerging power in the UN system, we find that China forms coalitions with other weaker states to control leadership personnel appointments. We couple UN voting affinity data with under-utilized nationality-leadership data of the UN’s six principal organs’ departments and agencies. States with higher UN General Assembly voting affinity with China in turn secure a greater increase in UN leadership positions. We then investigate the effect of these bureaucratic leadership positions for China’s influence, scoping analysis to discourse (i.e. aligning liberal diplomatic discourse with PRC discourse). Applying text analysis methods to 54 UN departments against PRC-produced documentation, we show that China-friendly leadership positively correlates with the frequency of PRC-specific terms and PRC-reinterpreted words in its reports. Our findings illustrate that China wields influence in the UN system, i.e. the worldview of the international bureaucrats converges with their perceived principal, China. Our project advances research largely focused on United States and its allies’ influence in the multilateral system, and speaks to a limited literature on emerging power’s attempts to influence multilateral institutions.
Bone-marrow-based augmentation in rotator cuff repair—from microfracture to bone marrow aspirate concentrate
Authors: Rupp Marco-Christopher , Khan Zeeshan A. , Villarreal Juan , Verma Nikhil , Chahla Jorge 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRotator cuff tears are a major cause of shoulder dysfunction, and relatively high rates of rotator cuff re-tear persist despite surgical advancements, particularly in patients with poor biological healing potential. Bone-marrow-based augmentation techniques, specifically bone marrow stimulation (BMS) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), have been introduced to enhance the biological environment at the repair site, potentially improving outcomes. Bone marrow stimulation, commonly achieved through microfracture, stimulates the release of growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the bone marrow to promote tendon-to-bone integration. Although simple and cost-effective, clinical results for BMS augmentation in rotator cuff repair (RCR) are mixed, with most recent meta-analyses not demonstrating a clinically significant superiority over conventional RCR. Augmentation with BMAC offers a more sophisticated approach, concentrating MSCs and anti-inflammatory cytokines to directly enhance the healing process. Preclinical studies have shown promising results with BMAC augmentation, demonstrating improved tendon integrity and biomechanical strength. The existing clinical studies suggest BMAC may reduce re-tear rates and enhance tendon healing, although outcomes are not yet universally optimal. The current evidence highlights the potential of these techniques, particularly as a potential treatment option in biologically challenging cases. However, the variability in clinical outcomes underscores the need for further research to refine these methods and establish their role in routine clinical practice.
Hofer distance on Lagrangian links inside the disc
Authors: Trifa Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe show that the set of Hamiltonian isotopies of certain unions of circles inside the disc is unbounded for the Hofer distance. The proof relies on a result by Francesco Morabito (Link Floer Homology and a Hofer Pseudometric on Braids. https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08105, 2024) together with a standard argument of Michael Khanevsky (Geometric and topological aspects of Lagrangian submanifolds-intersections, diameter and Floer theory. PhD thesis. Tel-Aviv University, 2011).
What Makes Me Happy and what Worries Me? A Cross-national Comparison of Stressors and Resources for Stress Relief Among Youth
Authors: Wright Michaela , Reitegger Franziska , Veldin Manja , Vidmar Maša , Borzucka-Sitkiewicz Katarzyna , Gierczyk Marcin , Kowalczewska-Grabowska Katarzyna , Gasteiger-Klicpera Barbara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Numerous evidence-based programs aim to promote youth mental health. Unfortunately, however, they often fail to engage the target group and lack cultural sensitivity. The present study addresses these issues by using a participatory approach to look at variations of stressors and resources for stress relief among students (12-15 years) in three European countries. Two participatory workshops were conducted in three schools in Austria, Poland and Slovenia, with a total of 81 students participating in the first workshop, and 83 in the second. This study presents the findings derived from two distinct participatory activities wherein participants reported their stressors (Relevant Topics activity) and resources (Photovoice activity). Overall, the study revealed remarkable similarities in stressors and resources across the three countries, but differences were also identified. Stressors relating to interpersonal relationships, school, and self-concept were common themes. While concerns regarding health, future, and global issues were less frequently mentioned, they remained persistent across all countries, an indication of their growing relevance amid today’s multiple crises. Animals, sports, and relationships emerged as the most frequently reported resources. Creative arts and expression, music, and calm activities like reading, and spending time in nature were also frequently cited. Notably, engagement with digital devices or social media emerged neither as a common stressor nor as a notable personal resource. The findings will be used to inform the content development of a culturally sensitive digital mental health promotion program, covering salient topics comprehensively while ensuring diversity awareness.
Single-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of HNO3 Exfoliated Graphite/Fe2O3 Composite for Methanol Oxidation in Acidic Media
Authors: Khan Shan Ahmed , Batool Aqsa , Salman Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Methanol has potential to replace conventional fuels. But its popularity is hindered by lower kinetics of electrode reactions, lower surface area, CO poisoning of catalysts, and higher cost of platinum-based catalysts. It is rare to find electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation in acidic media because its mechanism is not fully understood yet. In this research, HNO3 exfoliated graphite powder and iron oxide composites have been synthesized by facile, single-step hydrothermal method. This procedure replaces the long and hazardous route of synthesizing graphene oxide. These composites not only provide large surface area for electrode reactions but also utilize catalytic and electrical capabilities of graphene and iron synergistically. Samples were characterized with FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses while electrocatalytic efficiencies were studied with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Composites have shown remarkable efficiencies for oxidation of methanol in acidic media.

Graphical Abstract
A mini cutting-edge review of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their health implications in some vegetables in Nigeria
Authors: Akwaowo Edidiong Samuel , Lawal Abib S. , Abugu Hillary Onyeka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRelevant research on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations and the health implications of the levels of PAHs in some vegetables in Nigeria were compiled using data obtained from a thorough review of contemporary literature between 2010 and 2023. Of the fifteen available studies on PAH in vegetables, around 67% of the studies sampled fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis). This could be a result of Fluted pumpkin being frequently used owing to its believed blood enrichment against anemia patients and having been shown to contain significant quantities of potassium and iron in its leafy vegetables and edible seeds. The vegetables with the highest PAHs concentrations followed the trend: Fluted pumpkin > African black pepper > Water leaf > Tomatoes > Others. Vegetables with high PAHs levels have been shown to contain less PAHs after being washed in distilled water and much less after being rinsed in a salt solution. This was mostly possible when the PAHs source(s) unto the vegetables were from dry depositions. The difference in PAHs concentration in the same type of vegetable from different locations revealed that there are different sources of PAHs to the vegetable in their respective locations. The potential for cancer risk and its impact on Nigerian health through continuous consumption of contaminated vegetables was evident. Therefore, vegetables are to be washed thoroughly before consumption at least to reduce the PAHs concentrations and in turn, its effects on man if such contaminated vegetables must be consumed.
Graphical Abstract
Nightly space use of African ungulates in zoos
Authors: Gübert Jennifer , Dierkes Paul W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn addition to fulfilling the four main aims of zoos, namely conservation, education, research, and recreation, modern zoos must also ensure animal welfare. Enclosure design is a significant determinant of the extent to which animal needs are met, and thus of animal welfare. The majority of studies examining the impact of enclosure design on animal welfare in zoos have focused on the behavioral patterns and the enclosure use patterns of animals in outdoor enclosures during daylight hours. As animal’s behavior differs between day and night, it is likely that the nocturnal animal’s needs vary from those at daylight. This study focuses on nocturnal space use in the inside enclosures of the animals. Therefore, 50 individuals from 15 ungulate species belonging to the orders Cetartiodactyla and Perissodactyla were examined. In total, the data set comprises 25,938 h of video material from 2358 nights in 14 zoos. On the analyzed data, most individuals primarily use a small part of the indoor enclosure during night. Moreover, most animals have one, and some animals have two preferred lying places, which are almost always on bedding products. In a case study of okapis Okapia johnstoni in which different bedding products were provided to the individuals during the night, it was observed that each individual had a preferred bedding product, although the type differed between the individuals. Finally, environmental changes had only a minor impact on the space use. These observations may assist zoos in evaluating their housing conditions for African ungulates, which could potentially lead to enhanced animal welfare.
Lifting G-Valued Galois Representations when
$\ell \neq p$
Authors: Booher Jeremy , Cotner Sean , Tang Shiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the universal lifting spaces of local Galois representations valued in arbitrary reductive group schemes when

$\ell \neq p$

. In particular, under certain technical conditions applicable to any root datum, we construct a canonical smooth component in such spaces, generalizing the minimally ramified deformation condition previously studied for classical groups. Our methods involve extending the notion of isotypic decomposition for a

$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n$

-valued representation to general reductive group schemes. To deal with certain scheme-theoretic issues coming from this notion, we are led to a detailed study of certain families of disconnected reductive groups, which we call weakly reductive group schemes. Our work can be used to produce geometric lifts for global Galois representations, and we illustrate this for

$\mathrm {G}_2$

-valued representations.