bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient experience feedback in UK hospitals: What types are available and what are their potential roles in quality improvement (QI)?
Authors: Marsh Claire , Peacock Rosemary , Sheard Laura , Hughes Lesley , Lawton Rebecca 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground & objectivesThe comparative uses of different types of patient experience (PE) feedback as data within quality improvement (QI) are poorly understood. This paper reviews what types are currently available and categorizes them by their characteristics in order to better understand their roles in QI.MethodsA scoping review of types of feedback currently available to hospital staff in the UK was undertaken. This comprised academic database searches for “measures of PE outcomes” (2000‐2016), and grey literature and websites for all types of “PE feedback” potentially available (2005‐2016). Through an iterative consensus process, we developed a list of characteristics and used this to present categories of similar types.Main resultsThe scoping review returned 37 feedback types. A list of 12 characteristics was developed and applied, enabling identification of 4 categories that help understand potential use within QI—(1) Hospital‐initiated (validated) quantitative surveys: for example the NHS Adult Inpatient Survey; (2) Patient‐initiated qualitative feedback: for example complaints or twitter comments; (3) Hospital‐initiated qualitative feedback: for example Experience Based Co‐Design; (4) Other: for example Friends & Family Test. Of those routinely collected, few elicit “ready‐to‐use” data and those that do elicit data most suitable for measuring accountability, not for informing ward‐based improvement. Guidance does exist for linking collection of feedback to QI for some feedback types in Category 3 but these types are not routinely used.ConclusionIf feedback is to be used more frequently within QI, more attention must be paid to obtaining and making available the most appropriate types.
Effect of recreational‐fisheries management on fish biodiversity in gravel pit lakes, with contrasts to unmanaged lakes
Authors: Matern Sven , Emmrich Matthias , Klefoth Thomas , Wolter Christian , Nikolaus Robert , Wegener Nicola , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGravel pit lakes are novel ecosystems that can be colonized by fish through natural or anthropogenic pathways. In central Europe, many of them are managed by recreational anglers and thus experience regular fish stocking. However, also unmanaged gravel pits may be affected by stocking, either through illegal fish introductions or, occasionally, by immigration from connected water bodies. We sampled 23 small (< 20 ha) gravel pit lakes (16 managed and 7 unmanaged) in north‐western Germany using littoral electrofishing and multimesh gillnets. Our objective was to compare the fish biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the presence or absence of recreational fisheries. Given the size of the sampled lakes, we expected species poor communities and elevated fish diversity in the managed systems due to regular stocking of game fish species. Our study lakes were primarily mesotrophic and did not differ in key abiotic and biotic environmental characteristics. Lakes of both management types hosted similar fish abundances and biomasses, but were substantially different in terms of fish community structure and species richness. Fish were present in all lakes, with a minimum of three species. Higher α‐diversity and lower β‐diversity was discovered in managed gravel pit lakes compared to unmanaged lakes. Consequently, recreational‐fisheries management fostered homogenization of fish communities, by stocking a similar set of fish species desired by anglers such as piscivorous fish and large bodied cyprinids. However, unmanaged gravel pit lakes were also affected by human‐mediated colonization, presumably by illegal fish releases. Hardly any non‐native species were detected, suggesting that recreational‐fisheries management did not foster the spread of exotic species in our study region.
Selection of reference genes for quantitative real‐time PCR normalisation in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides fed on alternative diets
Authors: Ma Dongmei , Fan Jiajia , Tian Yuanyuan , Jiang Peng , Wang Junjie , Zhu Huaping , Bai Junjie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe partial cDNA sequences of eight reference genes (actb, tuba1, gapdh58, gapdh59, eef1a1, RNA 18 s, pabpc1, ube2I) were cloned from largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. The expression levels of these eight genes were compared in the various tissues (eye, spleen, kidney, gill, muscle, brain, liver, heart, gut and gonad) of M. salmoides fed on forage fish. The results showed that the candidate genes exhibited tissue‐specific expression to various degrees and the stability ranking order was eef1a1 > tuba1 > RNA 18 s > pabpc1 > ube2I > actb > gapdh58 > gapdh59 among tissue types. Four candidate genes eef1a1, tuba1, RNA 18 s and actb were used to analyse the stability in liver tissues of largemouth bass between the forage‐fish group and the formulated‐feed group. The candidate genes also showed some changes in expression levels in the livers, while eef1a1 and tuba1 had the most stable expression in livers of fish fed on alternative diets within 10 candidates. So eef1a1 and tuba1 were recommended as optimal reference gene in quantitative real‐time PCR analysis to normalise the expression levels of target genes in tissues and lives of the M. salmoides fed on alternative diets. In livers, the expression levels of gck normalised by eef1a1 and tuba1 showed the significant up‐regulation in formulated feed group (P < 0.05) than those in forage‐fish group. While sex difference has no significant effects on the expression levels of gck in both groups.
From thinking to acting: occupational self‐analysis tools for use with people with intellectual disability. A pilot study
Authors: Fernández‐Solano A. J. , del Baño‐Aledo M. E. , Rodríguez‐Bailón M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundOccupational self‐analysis programmes have been developed to promote health, mainly in older adults. However, we have found no published studies dealing with this in people with intellectual disability (ID). The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an occupational self‐analysis programme in people with ID, focusing on the areas of subjective health perception and participation.MethodsThis study explored the benefits of the ‘Occupational Self‐Analysis Programme’ in people with ID. The intervention group comprised 12 participants and the control group comprised 13 participants. Outcomes were measured using the SF‐36 Health Survey and the Role Checklist. The contents of participants' journals and a focus group discussion were also analysed.ResultsCompared with the control group, the intervention group showed statistically significant improvements in role limitations because of physical health and role limitations because of emotional problems, social functioning and the cumulative scores of the mental component in the SF‐36 Health Survey. The qualitative analysis revealed that participants in the intervention group increased their participation in activities related with daily living, leisure, employment seeking and acquisition, and social participation. These participants also became more aware of issues that lead to a greater engagement in meaningful occupations.ConclusionThis programme allowed participants to engage in meaningful activities with other people and to increase their perceived health status by raising awareness of the strengths and difficulties of participation.
Patient acceptability of wearable vital sign monitoring technologies in the acute care setting: A systematic review
Authors: Sprogis Stephanie K. , Currey Judy , Considine Julie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine patient acceptability of wearable vital sign monitoring devices in the acute setting.BackgroundWearable vital sign monitoring devices may improve patient safety, yet hospital patients' acceptability of these devices is largely unreported.DesignA systematic review.MethodsCumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete, MEDLINE Complete and EMBASE were searched, supplemented by reference list hand searching. Studies were included if they involved adult hospital patients (≥18 years), a wearable monitoring device capable of assessing ≥1 vital sign, and measured patient acceptability, satisfaction or experience of wearing the device. No date restrictions were enforced. Quality assessments of quantitative and qualitative studies were undertaken using the Downs and Black Checklist for Measuring Study Quality and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Research Checklist, respectively. Meta‐analyses were not possible given data heterogeneity and low research quality. Reporting adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines and a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist was completed.ResultsOf the 427 studies screened, seven observational studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies were of low quality and one was of high quality. In two studies, patient satisfaction was investigated. In the remaining studies, patient experience, patient opinions and experience, patient perceptions and experience, device acceptability, and patient comfort and concerns were investigated. In four studies, patients were mostly accepting of the wearable devices, reporting positive experiences and satisfaction relating to their use. In three studies, findings were mixed.ConclusionThere is limited high‐quality research examining patient acceptability of wearable vital sign monitoring devices as an a priori focus in the acute setting. Further understanding of patient perspectives of these devices is required to inform their continued use and development.Relevance to clinical practiceThe provision of patient‐centred nursing care is contingent on understanding patients' preferences, including their acceptability of technology use.
An investigation of main meal preferences in nursing home residents
Authors: Okkels Signe L. , Dybdal Ditte R. , Beck Anne M. , Bügel Susanne , Klausen Tobias W. , Olsen Annemarie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNursing home residents are at high risk of undernutrition. Their nutritional status could possibly be improved by identifying and serving meals according to their preferences. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate basic sensory customization factors of most preferred main meals in nursing home residents. In total, 40 popular Danish meals from two hospital kitchens and one meals‐on‐wheels kitchen were chosen for the study. Thirty of the meals contained meat (pork, beef, mixed meat, chicken, and fish) and the rest were plant‐based. Twenty‐nine nursing home residents evaluated liking of appearance, flavor, and texture on a five‐point liking scale. The test was divided in eight tasting sessions, where the participants tested five food samples per session at 10.30–11.30 a.m. Prior to the tasting sessions, the participants were screened for nutritional risk and eating problems and level of appetite was tested on a five‐point category scale. The sensory meal preferences included meals containing fish, beef, and pork and could be related to meal familiarity and chewing and swallowing difficulties of old adults, which should be kept in mind when making further adjustments in the meal preparation before served the target group.Practical applicationsProduct development and sensory meal customization are used in various ways to improve food intake indifferent populations. When focusing on nursing home residents, customization of meals could be a way to improve the nutritional status of this target group. Before determining the exact way of customization, the actual acceptance of the meal types available for nursing home residents should be identified. In this way the sensory factors of high and low liked meals could be found, and the product development initiated. To gain in sight into meal preferences from the target group of focus, meal tasting sessions with nursing home residents could be used.
The signaling peptide NprX controlling sporulation and necrotrophism is imported into Bacillus thuringiensis by two oligopeptide permease systems
Authors: Dubois Thomas , Lemy Christelle , Perchat Stéphane , Lereclus Didier 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe infectious cycle of Bacillus thuringiensis in the insect host is regulated by quorum sensors of the RNPP family. The activity of these regulators is modulated by their cognate signaling peptides translocated into the bacterial cells by oligopeptide permeases (Opp systems). In B. thuringiensis, the quorum sensor NprR is a bi‐functional regulator that connects sporulation to necrotrophism. The binding of the signaling peptide NprX switches NprR from a dimeric inhibitor of sporulation to a tetrameric transcriptional activator involved in the necrotrophic lifestyle of B. thuringiensis. Here, we report that NprX is imported into the bacterial cells by two different oligopeptide permease systems. The first one is Opp, the system known to be involved in the import of the signaling peptide PapR in B. thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus. The second, designated as Npp (NprX peptide permease), was not previously described. We show that at least two substrate binding proteins (SBPs) are able to translocate NprX through OppBCDF. In contrast, we demonstrate that a unique SBP (NppA) can translocate NprX through NppDFBC. We identified the promoter of the npp operon, and we showed that transcription starts at the onset of stationary phase and is repressed by the nutritional regulator CodY during the exponential growth phase.
The Wnt signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic target against cancer
Authors: Ghosh Noyel , Hossain Uday , Mandal Ankita , Sil Parames C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe role of the evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway is well documented in several cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and maintenance of the stem cell niche. The very first indication that aberrant Wnt signaling can cause carcinogenesis came from a finding that the mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) predisposes a person to colorectal carcinoma. Later, with progressing research it became clear that abnormal activation or mutation of the genes related to this pathway could drive tumorigenesis. Here, we review recent advances in research regarding Wnt signaling regulation and its role in several cancer subtypes. Additionally, the utility of Wnt pathway–targeted cancer therapy intervention is also highlighted, with an overview of current approaches to target the Wnt pathway in oncogenesis and the future scopes and challenges associated with them.
Repressive Compassion: Deportation Caseworkers Furnishing an Emotional Comfort Zone in Encounters with Illegalized Migrants
Authors: Kalir Barak 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe treatment of illegalized migrants in Western liberal states has been often characterized by a duality of compassion and repression. Within this dyad, repression is said to be applied with the right hand of the state by the police, border control, refugee status determination units, etc., and compassion with its left hand by social workers, medical staff, as well as civil society organizations and humanitarian agencies. Drawing on the toil of deportation caseworkers in the Netherlands, this article argues that compassion is prevalent not only among those who show benevolence and support illegalized migrants but also among many who work on the repressive side of the divide. However, expressions of compassion by deportation caseworkers do not seem to mitigate an otherwise repressive bureaucratic work. Instead, compassion often helps caseworkers to furnish a comfort zone in which emotions can be discharged and from which caseworkers neutralize potentially disruptive affective dynamics by experiencing them as intrinsic to the law they implement. Compassion not only fails to produce vertical commonality with deportable migrants in vulnerable positions; it also willfully fosters the self‐image of civil servants as humane and sensitive actors as they effectively implement controversial state policies.
Power transitions and global trade governance: The impact of a rising China on the export credit regime
Authors: Hopewell Kristen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe existing liberal international economic order was constructed during the era of American hegemony and has been heavily shaped by US power. How is the rise of China affecting global economic governance? This article analyzes the case of export credit, which has long been considered a highly effective international regulatory regime and an important component of global trade governance. I show that the rise of China is profoundly altering the landscape of export credit and undermining its governance arrangements. State‐backed export credit is a key tool of China's development strategy, yet I argue that an explosion in China's use of export credit is eroding the efficacy of existing international rules intended to prevent a competitive spiral of state subsidization via export credit. The case of export credit highlights a fundamental tension between liberal institutions of global governance and the development objectives of emerging powers.
Zebrafish fin regeneration involves transient serotonin synthesis
Authors: König Désirée , Jaźwińska Anna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe zebrafish is a vertebrate organism capable of regenerating many of its organs. Notably, it can undergo epimorphic regeneration of its fins after amputation. This process occurs through the formation of a wound epithelium and the dedifferentiation of mesenchymal and bone‐forming cells, which form a proliferative blastema. Here, we report that the entry into the regenerative process involves the local synthesis of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) in the injury‐associated tissue. One day after wounding, intracellular accumulation of serotonin was induced in the stump below the amputation plane. During blastema formation, serotonin was detected in the mesenchyme at the vicinity of the amputation plane and in the apical wound epithelium. During the advanced outgrowth phase, this monoamine was no longer present in the blastema, suggesting a temporal involvement of serotonin in the postinjury area. We show the expression of two serotonin synthesizing enzymes, tryptophan hydroxylase 1a and 1b in the blastema, suggesting the local production of this monoamine. Neither depletion of serotonin by chemical inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase, nor ectopic administration of this monoamine affected fin regeneration, indicating it does not play a role during this process. Finally, we found that the presence of serotonin during regeneration depends on fibroblast growth factor and retinoic acid signaling. Overall, our study demonstrates that the initiation of fin regeneration is associated with a transient synthesis of serotonin in the regrowing tissue.
Insufficient sleep is associated with a pro‐atherogenic circulating microRNA signature
Authors: Hijmans Jamie G. , Levy Ma'ayan , Garcia Vinicius , Lincenberg Grace M. , Diehl Kyle J. , Greiner Jared J. , Stauffer Brian L. , DeSouza Christopher A. 
Published: April 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of the study
Is habitual short sleep associated with altered circulating levels of specific inflammation‐ and vascular‐related microRNAs?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Circulating levels of miR‐125a, miR‐126 and miR‐146a were significantly lower in the short sleep compared with the normal sleep group. Altered circulating profiles of these vascular‐related microRNAs have been linked to vascular inflammation, dysfunction and increased cardiovascular disease events. Sleep‐related changes in these microRNAs are consistent with, and might play a role in, the aberrant vascular physiology and increased vascular risk associated with short sleep.

AbstractHabitual short sleep duration (<7 h night−1) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality attributable, in large part, to increased inflammatory burden and endothelial dysfunction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in regulating vascular health, and circulating levels are now recognized to be sensitive and specific biomarkers of cardiovascular function, inflammation and disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of circulating miR‐34a, miR‐92a, miR‐125a, miR‐126, miR‐145, miR‐146a and miR‐150 is disrupted in adults who habitually sleep <7 h night−1 (short sleep). These were chosen based upon their well‐established links with vascular inflammation, function and, in turn, cardiovascular risk. Twenty‐four adults were studied: 12 with normal nightly sleep duration (six men and six women; age, 55 ± 3 years old; sleep duration, ≥7.0 h night−1) and 12 with short nightly sleep duration (seven men and five women; 55 ± 2 years old; sleep duration, <7 h night−1), and circulating miRNA expression was assayed by RT‐PCR. All subjects were non‐smokers, normolipidaemic, non‐medicated and free of overt cardiovascular disease. Circulating levels of miR‐125a (3.07 ± 1.98 versus 7.34 ± 5.34 a.u.), miR‐126 [1.28 (0.42–2.51) versus 1.78 (1.29–4.80) a.u.] and miR‐146a [2.55 (1.00–4.80) versus 6.46 (1.50–11.44) a.u.] were significantly lower (∼60, 40 and 60%, respectively) in the short compared with the normal sleep group. However, there were no significant group differences in circulating levels of miR‐34a, miR‐92a, miR‐145 and miR‐150. In summary, chronic short sleep is associated with a marked reduction in circulating levels of miR‐125a, miR‐126 and miR‐146a. Dysregulation of these miRNAs might contribute to the increased inflammatory burden and endothelial dysfunction associated with habitual insufficient sleep.
Designing a Mobility Solution for Fully Autonomous Welding of Double-Hull Blocks
Authors: Goh Chun Fan , Hinduja Akshay , Ajmani Divish , Song Robin , Zhang Lei , Shimada Kenji 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Automating the double-hull block welding improves the shipbuilding efficiency and mitigates health risk to the welders. Due to the unique challenge posed by the internal structures, existing technologies are at most semi-autonomous. Believing that mobility is key to full autonomy, we employ mobile robot technology to transport the welding manipulator, treating the internal structures as obstacles. Though many robot designs for obstacle scaling exist, there is no selection guideline. To this end, we surveyed existing robots and came out with a taxonomy to explain the design philosophies behind them. From the survey, it is ascertained that there are two suitable philosophies: bridging and conforming. Bridging mechanisms create links between points on obstacles while conforming mechanisms have the robot’s body attuned to the surface contour of obstacles. Understanding the pros and cons, we conclude that having a hybrid mechanism with tracked arms and articulated body would be ideal for the structured environment. Subsequently, we studied the feasibility of the design in terms of configuration, geometry, kinematics, and stability. Lastly, the proposed design was tested by building a 1/3 scale prototype robot. It was made to perform the expected motions in a mock double-hull block setup. The experiment proved that the design achieves the mobility objectives of the robot. With this mobility design, we solved the most challenging issue in enabling fully autonomous welding in double-hull blocks. The taxonomy is instrumental in our design selection and could be helpful for other robot designers too.