bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trial-by-trial learning of successor representations in human behavior
Authors: Kahn Ari E. , Bassett Dani S. , Daw Nathaniel D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDecisions in humans and other organisms depend, in part, on learning and using models that capture the statistical structure of the world, including the long-run expected outcomes of our actions. One prominent approach to forecasting such long-run outcomes is the successor representation (SR), which predicts future states aggregated over multiple timesteps. Although much behavioral and neural evidence suggests that people and animals use such a representation, it remains unknown how they acquire it. It has frequently been assumed to be learned by temporal difference bootstrapping (SR-TD(0)), but this assumption has largely not been empirically tested or compared to alternatives including eligibility traces (SR-TD(λ> 0)). Here we address this gap by leveraging trial-by-trial reaction times in graph sequence learning tasks, which are favorable for studying learning dynamics because the long horizons in these studies differentiate the transient update dynamics of different learning rules. We examined the behavior of SR-TD(λ) on a probabilistic graph learning task alongside a number of alternatives, and found that behavior was best explained by a hybrid model which learned via SR-TD(λ) alongside an additional zeroth-order predictive model. The relatively largeλwe estimate indicates a predominant role of eligibility trace mechanisms over the bootstrap-based chaining typically assumed. Our results provide insight into how humans learn predictive representations, and demonstrate that people simultaneously learn the SR alongside lower-order predictions.
From Quantitative Trait Loci towards Mechanisms: Linkage Integration Hypothesis Testing (LIgHT) Sheds Light on the Mechanisms of Genetically Modulated Stress Tolerance
Authors: Hoh Donghee , Osei-Bonsu Isaac , Kanazawa Atsuko , Fisher Nicholas , Cruz Jeffrey , Roberts Philip A. , Huynh Bao-Lam , Kramer David M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe goal of this work is to assess the mechanistic bases of natural genetic variations in plant responses of photosynthesis to stress. To achieve this goal, we devised the Linkage Integration Hypothesis Testing (LIgHT) approach, comparing chromosomal locations of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for multiple phenotypes to distinguish between hypothetical mechanisms. As a use case, we explored genetic variations in photosynthesis-related processes under chilling stress in recombinant inbred lines of cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL. Walp.). We focused on photosynthesis-related parameters measurable in high throughput and indicative of proposed chilling responses, including the states of photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII), photoprotective nonphotochemical quenching, PSII photodamage, and nyctinastic leaf movements (NLM). The patterns of QTL linkages indicated chilling stress tolerance is genetically controlled by avoiding PSII photodamage rather than PSI damage or NLM. This model was validated in a separate experiment measuring the rates of PSII photodamage and repair. Additional linkages suggest that chilling-induced damage to PSII is controlled by the thylakoid proton motive force and redox state of PSII. This regulation is modulated by thylakoid fatty acid composition, as suggested in Hoh et al., 2022. We propose the LIgHT approach can be broadly applied to test mechanisms underlying genetic variations.HighlightThis work Introduces the Linkage Integration Hypothesis Testing(LIgHT) approach for mechanistic studies of natural variations, identifying photosynthetic regulatory mechanisms underlying natural variations to abiotic stresses by applying this approach.
OsMORF protein selectively promotes the dual-localized RNA editing factor OsPGL1 binding to its target RNA
Authors: Xiao Haijun , Wang Qiuren , Lin Yingru , Zhong Yang , Ma Chilin , Lin Honghui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPost-transcriptional RNA editing plays a key regulatory role and serves as a genetic information proofreading mechanism. In flowering plants, RNA editing typically involves the removal of amino groups from cytidine to produce uridine in both plastids and mitochondria. In our previous work, we identified OsPGL1 as a rare organelle editing factor that regulates both mitochondrial and chloroplast RNA in rice. This protein mediates RNA editing and is associated with several OsMORFs. We speculated that they may form editing complex to regulate editing events, but we are still unclear about the detailed mechanism between OsMORF proteins and OsPGL1, as well as their roles in target RNA recognition and binding. In this study, we found that three OsMORFs can significantly promote the binding of OsPGL1 to target RNA in vitro. Notably, OsMORF8 can promote OsPGL1 to form a homologous dimer, thereby enhancing RNA binding to a greater extent. The E and DYW motifs do not affect the role of MORF proteins in RNA editing events, ruling out the potential influence of these two special motifs. In addition, we predicted a series of supercomplex structures of OsPGL1, the OsPGL1-RNA ligand complex, the OsPGL1-OsMORF2-OsMORF8-OsMORF9 complex, and the OsPGL1-OsMORF2-OsMORF8-OsMORF9-RNA complex. We determined that the conformational changes and newly added positively charged surface caused by OsMORF on OsPGL1 are the main reasons for MORF to promote the binding of OsPGL1 to RNA. Based on some new discoveries, we have expanded the RNA editing complex model, which greatly enhances our understanding of plant RNA editing complexes.Short summaryPPRs and MORFs are two kinds of RNA editing factors, both can mediate organelle RNA editing, the difference between them is that PPR can directly bind target RNA, MORF does not directly bind RNA, but can independently or assist PPR in performing RNA editing. Function of MORF protein in post-transcriptional processing is not clear, our study verifies the function of MORFs in the process of PPR binding RNA through molecular biology. We also analyzed the interaction network between PPR-MORF-RNA from the perspective of structural biology.
Investigating the Impact of Habitual Sleep Quality on Episodic Memory Performance: An EEG-Based Representational Similarity Analysis
Authors: Seraji Masoud , Mirjalili Soroush , Duarte Audrey , Calhoun Vince D 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSleep is crucial for episodic memory consolidation, yet the impact of habitual sleep quality on memory performance remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between sleep quality and episodic memory retrieval using EEG-based representational similarity analysis (RSA). Thirty-six participants wore wrist accelerometers for one week to capture habitual sleep patterns, including total sleep time and restlessness. Memory performance was assessed through a paired associate learning task, with EEG data recorded during encoding and retrieval phases. RSA was applied to EEG oscillatory power across time-frequency windows to examine the neural similarity between encoding and retrieval. The results showed both positive and negative correlations between sleep metric and memory performance, with sleep restlessness being linked to both increases and decreases in neural similarity across specific clusters. These findings emphasize the important role of sleep quality in shaping the neural processes underlying episodic memory retrieval, indicating a strong connection between sleep patterns and memory function.
Electrical conductivity of hot relativistic plasma in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Ghosh Ritesh , Shovkovy Igor A. 
Published: November 2024

We employ first-principles quantum field theoretical methods to investigate the longitudinal and transverse electrical conductivities of a strongly magnetized hot quantum electrodynamics (QED) plasma at the leading order in coupling. The analysis employs the fermion damping rate in the Landau-level representation, calculated with full kinematics and exact amplitudes of one-to-two and two-to-one QED processes. In the relativistic regime, both conductivities exhibit an approximate scaling behavior described by σ∥,⊥=Tσ˜∥,⊥, where σ˜∥,⊥ are functions of the dimensionless ratio |eB|/T2 (with T denoting temperature and B magnetic field strength). We argue that the mechanisms for the transverse and longitudinal conductivities differ significantly, leading to a strong suppression of the former in comparison to the latter.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Fear more or fear no more: examining the emotional and behavioral consequences of FOMO and JOMO
Authors: Tan Poh Ling , Tjiptono Fandy , Tan Ser Zian 
Published: November 2024

PurposeFear of Missing Out (FOMO) is characterized by anxiety over potentially missed experiences, while Joy of Missing Out (JOMO) embraces contentment in opting out of social engagements. Drawing on cognitive appraisal theory, this study aims to investigate how FOMO and JOMO appeals influence pride, gratitude and purchase intention while considering the impacts of age and social comparison orientation.Design/methodology/approachThree experiments examined the impact of FOMO (Study 1), JOMO (Study 2), and comparison between FOMO and JOMO (Study 3) on pride, gratitude and purchase intention. Moderated-moderated mediation models were also tested to assess the roles of age and social comparison orientation (SCO).FindingsFOMO appeals tend to boost feelings of pride, while JOMO appeals promote gratitude, both of which result in a higher likelihood of making a purchase. The effect of FOMO appeal on purchase intention via pride is stronger among younger consumers with high SCO. In contrast, the impact of JOMO appeal on purchase intention via gratitude is higher among older consumers with low SCO.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the nuances of different advertising appeals and their effect on consumer emotions (e.g. pride and gratitude) and purchase intention can inform marketers and advertising agencies in crafting more targeted and effective advertising campaigns that resonate with diverse consumer segments.Originality/valueThis study adds to the consumer emotion literature and generational research by emphasizing the role of emotions and age in shaping consumer responses to advertisements.
The shape of careers in the future workplace: extreme scenarios and their prospect impact
Authors: Rabenu Edna , Baruch Yehuda 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to discuss the way future workplaces may operate and how careers will be developed under possible extreme scenarios.Design/methodology/approachWe propose a thought-provoking conceptual discussion of the challenges for people’s careers under such scenarios.FindingsWe identified four such possible extreme scenarios and elaborated on the theoretical knowledge regarding the essence of each scenario. We discussed their impact on future workplaces in general and on careers in particular. These are (1) highly developed artificial intelligence and other cyber entities; (2) massive immigration due to wars, refugees and other forces; (3) widescale de-globalization; and (4) major global recession.Originality/valueEmploying the career ecosystem and sustainability theories, we identify possible outcomes and implications for theory as well as practice of managing careers under these extreme scenarios. This offers a novel perspective for individuals, organizations and policymakers at national and global levels.
Performance of repair pre-damaged RC columns using steel straps tensioning techniques (SSTT) confinement: experimental data and modelling
Authors: Mohd Apandi Nazirah , Ahmad Zailani Warid Wazien , Chin Chee-Loong , Ma Chau-Khun 
Published: November 2024

PurposeA model that extends study parameters to predict repaired column behaviour is efficient. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models were created in ABAQUS to simulate steel strap confinement with inclusion of pre-damaged levels.Design/methodology/approachExperimental and analytical studies demonstrate that restored reinforced concrete (RC) columns usually crush at mid-height under axial compressions. Numerical models verified RC column load-deformation. Although some specimens have considerable column stiffness differences, a numerical model based on statistical analysis matches experimental test results.FindingsIt shows that, finite element model exhibited a tendency to overestimate the stiffness of the columns, with an average absolute error (AAE) of 23.1%. The validation results indicate that the AAE values for strength and ductility were 15.1% and 12.3%. It has been demonstrated that the combination of strength and ductility is capable of yielding predictions with an error rate of approximately 20%. A parametric study focused on finite element model-predicted load bearing capacity reduction.Originality/valueA numerical analysis employing finite element modelling has been formulated to investigate the behaviour of confined columns. The model underwent validation through comparison with the experimental results. The validated model is utilised to perform additional parametric investigations on the confined column.
Does reconciliation affect your bottom dollar? The business case for honoring Indigenous rights in Canada
Authors: Smoke Wynonna , Gray Darcy 
Published: November 2024

PurposeIn acknowledgment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's Call to Action #92, the purpose of this paper is to present the business case for honoring Indigenous rights in Canada. We outline the strengths as well as risk-mitigation that come from honoring Indigenous rights and present opportunities to action economic reconciliation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilize professional insights, lived community experience and research on the extent of Indigenous rights in Canada to form the business case.FindingsThere is evidence of risk to businesses that forgo honoring Indigenous rights.Social implicationsMany businesses consider Indigenous rights and relationship building as barriers to moving forward on projects such as economic development. Through a rights-based lens, this paper outlines that honoring Indigenous rights is a business opportunity producing risk mitigation and social value.Originality/valueThe paper offers a simplified and concise business case to a complex issue and suggests an approach honoring Indigenous rights for non-Indigenous businesses.
Evlogia Eco Care: start-up to scale-up
Authors: Singh Padmalini , D. Tamizharasi , Bung Purushottam 
Published: November 2024

Learning outcomes
After completion of the case study, students will be able to discuss the characteristics of sustainable enterprises driving the innovation; analyze the concept of waste to wealth, along with its associated benefits and challenges; provide an example of a sustainable start-up that operates conventionally and is attempting to increase production capacity through automation; and describe the strategies for scaling up the business.

Case overview/synopsis
Mr Manigandan Kumarappan’s goal was to provide the world with alternatives to plastic and other nonbiodegradable articles used in homes, offices, hotels and other places which compelled him to leave his corporate life behind and become an entrepreneur. His knowledge, expertise and creativity made him work toward providing a sustainable solution to the plastic-free world which made him create leafy straws for the world. His start-up Evalogia made 10,000 straws a day, mostly with manual production and machine-assisted in part of the processes. Evalogia got orders from all over the world after the ban on plastic from many countries. However, Evalogia was unable to meet the demand, as the manufacturing process mostly depended on manual production at present. Hence, the company planned to scale up its production capacity from 10,000 straws per day to 100,000 straws to meet the demand through automation or by increasing the production units to meet the growing demand from domestic and international markets. Kumarappan wondered if increasing the number of manufacturing facilities would make it harder to hire new staff, manage existing ones, train them and provide overall supervision; if these tasks were not completed well, the product’s quality and, subsequently, its demand, might suffer. The automation process required huge investment, time and a great deal of skepticism for its success. Kumarappan was stuck over whether to add more production units or automate the process to increase production.

Complexity academic level
This case study is suitable for graduate students.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Re-visiting women’s work motivations and career needs: international evidence from the perspective of self-determination theory
Authors: Zielińska Agnieszka , Montes de Oca Ramirez María Ana , Dahadha Enas Hosni , Usanova Ksenia 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The study explores the work motivations and career needs of women, drawing on self-determination theory. The study aims to develop motivation theories and support organisations to shape the work environment addressing women’s work motivations and current career needs.

Design/methodology/approach
The exploratory study was conducted based on two research questions: Why do women change jobs? What are women looking for in a new workplace? To conduct this study, an online questionnaire with open-ended questions was prepared. Respondents were women who had applied for an administrative job post in Brazil, Mexico, Poland, Portugal and State of Palestine. Collected answers from 363 respondents were analysed by using Nvivo software.

Findings
This study presents women’s work motivations and career needs that affect the decision to change the job. Results indicate that women’s work motivations include four components: 1 − career growth (career development, skills improvement, challenges), 2 − competitive compensation (financial, personal fulfilment), 3 − work environment (organisational culture, work-life balance) and 4 − leadership (recognition, management leadership skills). Additionally, the study highlights four components of women’s current career needs: 1 − career growth (continuous professional development, challenges, training skills), 2 − competitive compensation (financial/fair pay, personal fulfilment), 3 − work environment (cooperation/teamwork, adequate tools, respect and safety) and 4 − leadership (clear organisation goals, communication/empathy, recognition, support).

Originality/value
Based on collected data, components of women’s work motivations and career needs were identified. The results provide contemporary and international evidence about the complex nature of women’s work motivations and career needs.
Work readiness and Work-changing ability: exploring the employability profiles of a social psychiatric care graduate programme’s alumni
Authors: Björck Ville , Hedman Ahlström Britt , Kerekes Nóra 
Published: November 2024

PurposeWork readiness and the ability to change how work is conducted are key dimensions of employability. This study focuses on alumni from the social psychiatric care (SPC) programme at University West in Trollhättan, Sweden. As their work readiness and work-changing abilities have not been studied to this point, the purpose was to explore the eventual main employability profiles in these alumni.Design/methodology/approachBetween 8th November 2022 and 2nd January 2023, 94 SPC alumni responded to the Employee Agility and Resilience Short Swedish Version Measurement Scale, consisting of five subscales that represent different employability features. Cluster analysis was used to explore eventual employability profiles in these alumni.FindingsThree clusters of SPC alumni with different employability profiles were identified. Cluster 1: Highly employable profile, which is represented by SPC alumni who scored high on each of the five employability features. Cluster 2: Employability with alliance-creating profile; this cluster comprise SPC alumni whose strengths lie in creating collegial relationships. Cluster 3: Employability with a strong social support profile, which comprise SPC alumni with a strong social backing at work. We discuss that SPC alumni of these employability profiles are variously equipped to (1) follow and develop how work is conducted in their fields and (2) adapt to changes at work.Originality/valueThe study presents employability profiles of SPC alumni and offers valuable insights that could enhance the prospects of these alumni becoming a recognised occupation within the realms of psychiatry, social services, institutional work and community work.
Constructing non-hegemonic entrepreneurial masculinity: the case of Black men doing entrepreneurship in a predominantly white context
Authors: Korede Tayo 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe literature on entrepreneurial masculinity has primarily focused on how hegemonic masculinity is constructed and performed in entrepreneurship. Little is known about how non-hegemonic masculinity is performed by male entrepreneurs who do not fit the dominant and traditional form of masculinity in a specific context. Focusing on a cohort of Black male entrepreneurs who practised entrepreneurship in a predominantly white context, this paper explores how non-hegemonic entrepreneurial masculinity is constructed.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to analyse qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with nine Black male entrepreneurs living and doing business in the Northeast of England.FindingsThe study found that Black male entrepreneurs construct a distinct form of entrepreneurial masculinity by leveraging the identity of White women to construct a respectable entrepreneurial masculinity. The form of masculinity the men engaged in is theorised as transactional masculinity. This is enacted through relationships with White women which is seen as a symbol of respect and social acceptance, and as a “rite of passage” in entrepreneurship. The study presents a model of entrepreneurial masculinity to explain how transactional masculinity is constructed in relation to femininity and other forms of masculinity.Originality/valueThe study theorises how non-hegemonic entrepreneurial masculinity is enacted through the concept of transactional masculinity. It presents a model of entrepreneurial masculinity and gives voice to the experiences of male entrepreneurial actors with non-hegemonic masculinity.