bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration of whey protein from cheese whey effluent using ultrafiltration by combination of hydrophilic metal oxides and hydrophobic polymer
Authors: Yogarathinam Lukka Thuyavan , Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Arumugam Sivasamy , Narayanan Anantharaman 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, hydrophilic metal oxides such as TiO2, ZrO2 and ZnO were used as modifier for the preparation of polyethersulfone (PES) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for the filtration of cheese whey effluent. Nano metal oxide loading concentration was varied from 0.5 to 2.5 wt%.RESULTSCharacterization of metal oxide studies show that the particles are hydrophilic and nanoscaled. ZnO nanoparticles are in the form of nanocluster and of size 14.28–20.10 nm. Physio‐chemical characterization of PES MMMs indicated that the nano metal oxides dispersed well in the PES matrix. Contact angle decreased up to 59.88° for 1.5 wt% TiO2 embedded PES (TiO2ePES) MMMs. Also, 1.5 wt% TiO2ePES MMMs gives a higher water permeability of 4.62 × 10–7 m s–1 kPa–1. Among membranes, 1.5 wt% TiO2ePES, 2.0 wt% ZrO2ePES and 1.5 wt% ZnOePES MMMs showed better flux, lower percentage fouling and better rejection for individual whey proteins.CONCLUSIONThe whey protein from cheese whey effluent was concentrated up to maximum of 43.9 mg L–1 using 2.0 wt% ZrO2ePES MMMs. It was found that 1.5 wt% TiO2ePES MMMs gives a higher average flux of 25.09 L m–2 h–1 and a lower flux reduction percentage of 39%. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Trichoderma harzianum‐based novel formulations: potential applications for management of Next‐Gen agricultural challenges
Authors: Fraceto Leonardo F , Maruyama Cintia R , Guilger Mariana , Mishra Sandhya , Keswani Chetan , Singh Harikesh Bahadur , de Lima Renata 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFungi of the Trichoderma spp. genus, notably Trichoderma harzianum, are commonly used for biological management of deleterious seed‐ and soil‐borne pathogens. The global biopesticides market is booming with a major share of various commercial formulations of T. harzianum. However, there are some major drawbacks associated with these commercial formulations including short shelf life, low on‐field stability and irregular performance in different agro‐climatic regions. For effectively resolving these issues, new strategies are urgently required for efficient management of pathogens. The present review provides an overview of the use of Trichoderma spp., with special emphasis on T. harzianum, and discusses future trends for biological control. Technologies are described for the microencapsulation of fungi and for the biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles, with the aim of improving the biological control of pathogens and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
High resolution SEM characterization of nano‐precipitates in ODS steels
Authors: Jóźwik Iwona , Strojny‐Nędza Agata , Chmielewski Marcin , Pietrzak Katarzyna , Kurpaska Łukasz , Nosewicz Szymon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe performance of the present‐day scanning electron microscopy (SEM) extends far beyond delivering electronic images of the surface topography. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel is on of the most promising materials for the future nuclear fusion reactor because of its good radiation resistance, and higher operation temperature up to 750°C. The microstructure of ODS should not exceed tens of nm, therefore there is a strong need in a fast and reliable technique for their characterization. In this work, the results of low‐kV SEM characterization of nanoprecipitates formed in the ODS matrix are presented. Application of highly sensitive photo‐diode BSE detector in SEM imaging allowed for the registration of single nm‐sized precipitates in the vicinity of the ODS alloys. The composition of the precipitates has been confirmed by TEM‐EDS.
Theoretical study of the effect of piezoelectric bone matrix on transient fluid flow in the osteonal lacunocanaliculae
Authors: Min Sungki , Lee Taekyeong , Lee Soon Hyuck , Hong Junghwa 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTA new theoretical generation mechanism of the transient streaming potential considering variations in the surface potential on the wall in a lacunocanalicular system, is proposed based on the assumption of the piezoelectric bone matrix. To obtain the streaming potential analytically, a modified transient charge density equation is proposed. An osteon is modeled as a piezoelectric solid phase having fluid‐filled cavities (lacunae) connected by channels (canaliculae) to obtain the pressure gradients in the canaliculae and the electric boundary conditions on the canalicular walls. In addition, this study focused on modeling of the negatively charged glycocalyx that fills the annular fluid space between the osteocytic process and the canalicular wall. It is assumed that the annular fluid space of the canaliculi can be represented as a two‐layer configuration for flow through a gap (between the tips of the glycocalyx and the canalicular wall) overlaying the porous glycocalyx. The transient streaming potential and bone fluid flow affected by the generated total potential are analyzed using the one‐dimensional lacunocanalicular fluid path, which is surrounded by the piezoelectric bone matrix. A significant increase in the streaming potential is predicted for the case with piezoelectricity. The peak streaming potential value with the piezoelectricity is found to be up to 58.8% greater compared with that without piezoelectricity. The electroviscous effect due to the total electric potential gradients on the fluid velocities in the canaliculi is negligible. These findings imply that the piezoelectric effect caused by deformation of the bone matrix should be considered for prediction of the streaming potential in the lacunocanaliculae. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2239–2249, 2018.
Transcriptional profiling of synovium in a porcine model of early post‐traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Sieker Jakob T. , Proffen Benedikt L. , Waller Kimberly A. , Chin Kaitlyn E. , Karamchedu Naga Padmini , Akelman Matthew R. , Perrone Gabriel S. , Kiapour Ata M. , Konrad Johannes , Fleming Braden C. , Murray Martha M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTTo determine the transcriptional profile of synovium during the molecular phase of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament transections (ACL) were performed in 36 Yucatan minipigs. Equal numbers were randomly assigned to no further treatment, ACL reconstruction or repair. Perimeniscal synovium for histopathology and RNA‐sequencing was harvested at 1 and 4 weeks post‐operatively and from six healthy control animals. Microscopic synovitis scores significantly worsened at 1 (p < 0.001) and 4 weeks (p = 0.003) post‐surgery relative to controls, and were driven by intimal hyperplasia and increased stromal cellularity without inflammatory infiltrates. Synovitis scores were similar between no treatment, reconstruction, and repair groups (p ≥ 0.668). Relative to no treatment at 1 week, 88 and 367 genes were differentially expressed in the reconstruction and repair groups, respectively (227 and 277 at 4 weeks). Relative to controls and with the treatment groups pooled, 1,683 transcripts were concordantly differentially expressed throughout the post‐surgery time‐course. Affected pathways included,proteolysis_connective tissue degradation(including upregulations of protease‐encodingMMP1,MMP13, andADAMTS4), anddevelopment_cartilage development(including upregulations ofACAN,SOX9, andRUNX2), among others. Using linear regression, significant associations of post‐surgery synovial expression levels of 20 genes with the articular cartilage glycosaminoglycan loss were identified. These genes were predominantly related toembryonic skeletal system developmentand includedRUNX2. In conclusion, this study confirmed an increased synovial expression of genes that may serve as targets to prevent cartilage degradation, includingMMP1,MMP13, andADAMTS4, in knees with microscopic synovitis and cartilage proteoglycan loss. Attractive novel targets include regulators of embryonic developmental processes in synovium. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2128–2139, 2018.
Subgingival microbial profile of obese women with periodontal disease
Authors: Silva‐Boghossian Carina M. , Cesário Paola C. , Leão Anna Thereza T. , Colombo Ana Paula V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study compared the composition of subgingival microbiota between obese and non‐obese women with or without periodontal disease.MethodsFull‐mouth periodontal clinical assessments were carried out in 76 obese women (17 periodontally healthy and 59 with periodontal disease), and 34 non‐obese women (12 periodontally healthy, 22 with periodontal disease). Subgingival biofilm samples were individually obtained from seven sites of each individual, and the prevalence and counts of 40 bacterial taxa were determined by the checkerboard method. The frequency and counts of each species were computed for each individual and across the groups. Differences among and between groups were sought by the Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney tests, respectively. Possible correlations between obesity and clinical and microbiologic parameters were tested with Spearman correlation coefficient.ResultsStreptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, and Capnocytophaga ochracea were found in significantly higher levels in obese compared with non‐obese women (P < 0.01). In patients with periodontal health, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Leptotrichia buccalis were detected in higher mean frequency and/or counts in obese women than in non‐obese women, whereas in patients with periodontal disease, obese women harbored greater levels of C. ochracea than non‐obese women (P < 0.01). Moreover, obese women with periodontal disease presented significantly greater mean counts of P. gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia than non‐obese women with periodontal health (P < 0.01). When the conditions obesity and periodontal disease are present at the same time, significant positive correlations were detected with C. ocharcea, P. gingivalis, S. sanguinis, and T. forsythia.ConclusionFew differences in the composition of the subgingival microbiota of obese and non‐obese women with periodontal health or disease were found. However, a high prevalence of P. gingivalis in obese women with periodontal health was observed.
Impact of a triclosan‐containing toothpaste during the progression of experimental peri‐implant mucositis: Clinical parameters and local pattern of osteo‐immunoinflammatory mediators in peri‐implant fluid
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda V. , Casati Marcio Z. , Casarin Renato C. , Corrêa Mônica G. , Cirano Fabiano R. , Negri Brenno M. , Pimentel Suzana P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the influence of a triclosan‐containing toothpaste in the profile of osteo‐immunoinflammatory mediators in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and in clinical parameters during progression of peri‐implant mucositis.MethodsTwenty‐two clinically healthy patients with an implant‐supported single‐unit crown were enrolled in this double‐blind, randomized, crossover study carried out in two phases of 21 days each. During an experimental 3‐week period of undisturbed plaque accumulation in the implants, patients were randomly assigned to use three times/day: triclosan (n = 11), triclosan/copolymer/fluoride toothpaste; or placebo (n = 11), fluoride toothpaste. After a professional prophylaxis, a washout period of 30 days was established. Clinical parameters and 15 osteo‐immunoinflammatory mediators in the PICF were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days.ResultsBoth groups showed increase in plaque index at implant sites from the 3rd until the 21st day (P < 0.05). Only triclosan treatment was able to avoid an increase in bleeding on probing (BOP) throughout the follow‐ups (P > 0.05), whereas a significant intensification in BOP was observed from the 14th day in the placebo‐treated sites (P < 0.05). Lower interleukin (IL)‐10 concentrations were detected in the placebo group at the 21st day when compared with triclosan‐treated implant sites (P < 0.05). IL‐10 levels were reduced and IL‐1β concentrations were increased at 21 days when compared with baseline only in placebo‐treated sites (P < 0.05). Osteoprotegerin levels significantly increased from the 14th until the 21st day only in triclosan‐treated sites (P < 0.05).ConclusionTriclosan‐containing toothpaste controls clinical inflammation and interferes positively in the profile of osteo‐immunoinflammatory mediators during progression of experimental peri‐implant mucositis.
Influence of periodontal treatment on subgingival and salivary microbiotas
Authors: Belstrøm Daniel , Grande Maria Anastasia , Sembler‐Møller Maria Lynn , Kirkby Nikolai , Cotton Sean L. , Paster Bruce J. , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to characterize and compare subgingival and salivary microbiotas before and after periodontal treatment to learn if any changes of the subgingival microbiota were reflected in saliva. We tested the hypothesis that salivary levels of specific periopathogens correlate with corresponding subgingival levels before and after periodontal treatment.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with generalized chronic periodontitis completed the study. Stimulated saliva samples and subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Subgingival and salivary microbiotas were processed by means of the Human Oral Microbe Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) technique and characterized based on relative abundance. Spearman signed rank test was used to test correlation of periopathogens in subgingival and saliva samples.ResultsPeriodontal treatment resulted in significantly higher relative abundance of Streptococcus, Rothia and Actinomyces in combination with a significant decrease in Porphyromonas and Treponema in subgingival plaque samples. Relative abundance of the overall predominant genera in saliva was not influenced by periodontal treatment. However, there was a positive correlation between samples of subgingival plaque and saliva before and after periodontal treatment (p < 0.0001) with respect to relative abundance of specific periopathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (r = 0.68), Prevotella intermedia (r = 0.72), Filifactor alocis (r = 0.58), Treponema denticola (r = 0.51), Tannerella forsythia (r = 0.45) and Parvimonas micra (r = 0.45).ConclusionsSubgingival and salivary abundance of periodontal pathogens correlated before and after treatment. Thus, data from this study suggest that periopathogens identified in saliva may be spill‐over from the subgingival microbiota.
Raman spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemical calculations of ion association behavior in calcium nitrate solution
Authors: Zhu Fayan , Zhou Hongxia , Wang Xiufang , Zhou Yongquan , Liu Hongyan , Fang Chunhui , Fang Yan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this work, microscopic Raman spectroscopy and component analysis were used to study a calcium nitrate solution with molar water‐to‐salt ratio (WSR) values of 4–320. The results showed that the symmetrical stretching vibration wavenumber of the nitrate ion (v1‐NO3−) in the solution blue shifted from 1,048 to 1,053 cm−1, and the full width at half maximum increased from 9.7 to 11 cm−1 when the WSR was reduced from 320 to 4. The component analysis of v1‐NO3− showed that the first concentration region was for WSR ≥ 16.3. In this region, solvent‐shared ion pairs (SIPs) were the main species, and contact ion pairs (CIPs) and free‐hydrated ions were the secondary species. For 8.4 ≤ WSR < 16.3, the main species were CIPs; the amount of complex structures in this region increased rapidly, whereas the amount of SIPs decreased rapidly. For WSR < 8.4, the main species were the complex structures, and the amount of CIPs and SIPs dropped rapidly. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations showed that the SIPs in the first concentration range were composed of 2 hexahydrate calcium ions and 1 nitrate ion that formed a shared ion pair, SIP‐SIP. The calcium ions were directly bonded with water molecules, and the nitrate ions formed hydrogen bonds with the water molecules. In the second concentration region, the CIPs were each formed by 2 hydrated calcium ions and 1 nitrate ion via monodentate or bidentate coordination with a CIP‐CIP structure. When the WSR was further reduced, a large number of the complex structures such as Comp5 and Comp6 formed in the solution, which were the complex structures [(H2O)nCa2+(NO3−)Ca2+(H2O)m] clustered by C5 or C6.
Laser crystallization of germanium nanowires fabricated by electrochemical deposition
Authors: Gavrilov Sergey A. , Dronov Alexey A. , Gavrilin Ilya M. , Volkov Roman L. , Borgardt Nickolay I. , Trifonov Alexey Yu. , Pavlikov Alexander V. , Forsh Pavel A. , Kashkarov Pavel K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGermanium (Ge) nanowires were fabricated by electrochemical deposition on titanium‐coated silicon substrate. Arrays of nanowires with different mean diameters were obtained using indium nanoparticles of various sizes as centers of nucleation. Raman spectroscopy was used to establish the structural properties of nanowires under different laser excitation intensities. Cycles of measurements with different intensities demonstrated irreversible changes in the structure. Initial study with minimal excitation intensity of 3 W/cm2 displayed that the spectra are descriptive of amorphous Ge. Further study at increased intensities led to the transformation of Raman spectra to the shapes that can be attributed to crystalline Ge. Detailed analysis of spectra shapes for samples with different mean diameters of Ge nanowires after exposure to high intensity laser radiation allows to estimate the fraction of the crystalline phase in Ge nanowires. The spectra of a sample irradiated by He–Ne laser were compared with thermally annealed sample in a vacuum at 150 °C. A similar shape of the obtained spectra indicates on the thermal nature of the effect, which leads to a change in the observed structural properties. This change under even slight heating can be explained by thermal isolation of nanowires from the substrate.
Effects of a wax organogel and alginate gel complex on holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) in vitro ruminal dry matter disappearance and gas production
Authors: Templeman James R , Rogers Michael A , Cant John P , McBride Brian W , Osborne Vern R 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to: (a) select an ideal organogel for the oil phase of a novel gel encapsulation technology, (b) optimize the formulation of an organogel and sodium alginate‐based gel complex, and (c) examine the rumen protective ability of the gel by measuring 48‐h in vitro ruminal dry matter disappearance and gas production from encapsulated dried and ground holy basil leaves.RESULTSA rice‐bran wax and canola oil organogel was selected for the oil phase of the gel complex as this combination had a 48‐h dry matter disappearance of 6%, the lowest of all organogels analyzed. The gel complex was formulated by homogenizing the organogel with a sodium alginate solution to create a low‐viscosity oil‐in‐water emulsion. Average dry matter disappearance of gel‐encapsulated holy basil was 19%, compared to 42% for the free, unprotected holy basil. However, gel encapsulation of holy basil stimulated gas production. Specifically, gas production of encapsulated holy basil was four times higher than the treatment with holy basil added on top of the gel prior to incubation rather than encapsulated within the gel.CONCLUSIONAlthough the gel itself was highly degradable, it is speculated encapsulation thwarted holy basil's antimicrobial activity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Measuring Resilience to Operational Stress in Canadian Armed Forces Personnel
Authors: Hellewell Sarah C. , Cernak Ibolja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAdaptability to stress is governed by innate resilience, comprised of complex neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms alongside inherited or learned behavioral traits. Based on their capacity to adapt, some people thrive in stressful situations, whereas others experience maladaptation. In our study, we used state‐of‐the‐art tools to assess the resilience level in individuals, as well as their susceptibility to developing military stress‐induced behavioral and cognitive deficits. To address this complex question, we tested Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel in three distinct stress environments (baselines): during predeployment training, deployment in Afghanistan, and readjustment upon return to Canada. Our comprehensive outcome measures included psychometric tests, saliva biomarkers, and computerized cognitive tests that used the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Test Battery. Participants were categorized based on initial biomarker measurements as being at low‐, moderate‐, or high stress‐maladaptation risk. Biomarkers showed significant changes (ds = 0.56 to 2.44) between baselines, calculated as “delta” changes. Participants at low stress‐maladaptation risk demonstrated minimal changes, whereas those at high stress‐maladaptation risk showed significant biomarker variations. The psychometric patterns and cognitive functions were likewise affected across baselines, suggesting that the panel of saliva stress biomarkers could be a useful tool for determining the risk of stress maladaptation that can cause psychological and cognitive decline.
Tolerance for the Florida panther in exurban southwest Florida
Authors: Rodgers Phillip D. , Pienaar Elizabeth F. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTHuman tolerance for negative interactions with the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) is an important component of panther conservation efforts. Residents’ tolerance for interactions with Florida panthers in exurban areas has not been explicitly studied, even though the highest number of documented human‐panther interactions has occurred in a single exurban community in Florida (i.e., Golden Gate Estates). We implemented a mail‐based survey in Golden Gate Estates in 2015 to investigate community members’ level of tolerance for the panther. Golden Gate Estates provides a case study for future conservation efforts as panthers recolonize their historical range, and the panther comes into contact with more exurban and residential communities. Based on regression analysis of survey data, we found that individuals with eco‐centric value orientations, individuals who were aware of panthers’ presence in Florida prior to moving to Golden Gate Estates, and individuals who believe that proper animal care protects domestic animals from panthers were more tolerant of the panther. Age, livestock ownership, panther depredation of domestic animals, and risk concern were significant negative determinants of panther tolerance. The majority of respondents were willing to collaborate with neighbors and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) to manage panther‐related risks. Our research provides insights into how tolerance for the Florida panther in exurban and residential communities may be secured or improved. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.