bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Reported Long Working Hours and History of Stroke in the CONSTANCES Cohort
Authors: Fadel Marc , Sembajwe Grace , Gagliardi Diana , Pico Fernando , Li Jian , Ozguler Anna , Siegrist Johannes , Evanoff Bradley A. , Baer Michel , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Iavicoli Sergio , Leclerc Annette , Roquelaure Yves , Descatha Alexis 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
Long working hours (LWHs) are a potential risk factor for stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in a large general population cohort.

Methods—
We used the French population-based cohort, CONSTANCES (Cohorte des Consultants des Centres d'Examens de Santé), to retrieve information on age, sex, smoking, and working hours from the baseline, self-administered questionnaire. Other cardiovascular risk factors and previous occurrence of stroke were taken from a parallel medical interview. We defined LWH as working time >10 hours daily for at least 50 days per year. Participants with primarily part-time jobs were excluded as were those with stroke before LWH exposure. We used logistic models to estimate the association between LWH and stroke, stratified by age, sex, and occupation. In additional modeling, we excluded subjects whose stroke occurred within 5 years of the first reported work exposure.

Results—
Among the 143 592 participants in the analyses, there were 1224 (0.9%) strokes, 42 542 (29.6%) reported LWH, and 14 481 (10.1%) reported LWH for 10 years or more. LWH was associated with an increased risk of stroke: adjusted odds ratio of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.11–1.49). Being exposed to LWH for 10 years or more was more strongly associated with stroke, adjusted odds ratio of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.21–1.74). The association showed no differences between men and women but was stronger in white-collar workers under 50 years of age.

Conclusions—
This large analysis reveals a significant association between stroke and exposure to LWH for 10 years or more. The findings are relevant for individual and global prevention.
Most People Keep Their Word Rather Than Their Money
Authors: Woike Jan K. , Kanngiesser Patricia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Promises are crucial for human cooperation because they allow people to enter into voluntary commitments about future behavior. Here we present a novel, fully incentivized paradigm to measure voluntary and costly promise-keeping in the absence of external sanctions. We found across three studies (N = 4,453) that the majority of participants (61%–98%) kept their promises to pay back a specified amount of a monetary endowment, and most justified their decisions by referring to obligations and norms. Varying promise elicitation methods (Study 1a) and manipulating stake sizes (Study 2a) had negligible effects. Simultaneously, when others estimated promise-keeping rates (using two different estimation methods), they systematically underestimated promise-keeping by up to 40% (Studies 1b and 2b). Additional robustness checks to reduce potential reputational concerns and possible demand effects revealed that the majority of people still kept their word (Study 3). Promises have a strong normative power and binding effect on behavior. Nevertheless, people appear to pessimistically underestimate the power of others’ promises. This behavior–estimation gap may prevent efficient coordination and cooperation.
Gregory of Nyssa’s Engagement with Conceptual Metaphors
Authors: Sandwell Isabella 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This essay explores what Gregory of Nyssa is doing when he claims in Against Eunomius that his use of the language of “father,” “son” and “begetting” for the divine is supported by the “apprehension of ordinary people” and by the “judgement of nature.” It uses conceptual metaphor theory in order to show that while Gregory recognised the role of ordinary human language in comprehending the divine, and so engaged with normal conceptual mappings from the domain of kinship, he also sought to transform those mappings in order to transform peoples’ thought processes and thus how they conceptualised the divine.
100 Years of Progress in Mesoscale Planetary Boundary Layer Meteorological Research
Authors: Kristovich David A. R. , Takle Eugene , Young George S. , Sharma Ashish 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter outlines the development of our understanding of several examples of mesoscale atmospheric circulations that are tied directly to surface forcings, starting from thermally driven variations over the ocean and progressing inland to man-made variations in temperature and roughness, and ending with forced boundary layer circulations. Examples include atmospheric responses to 1) overocean temperature variations, 2) coastlines (sea breezes), 3) mesoscale regions of inland water (lake-effect storms), and 4) variations in land-based surface usage (urban land cover). This chapter provides brief summaries of the historical evolution of, and tools for, understanding such mesoscale atmospheric circulations and their importance to the field, as well as physical processes responsible for initiating and determining their evolution. Some avenues of future research we see as critical are provided. The American Meteorological Society (AMS) has played a direct and important role in fostering the development of understanding mesoscale surface-forced circulations. The significance of AMS journal publications and conferences on this and interrelated atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrological fields, as well as those by sister scientific organizations, are demonstrated through extensive relevant citations.
A comparison between two educational methods in the rehabilitation of the microstomia in systemic sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Uras Claudia , Mastroeni Simona , Tabolli Stefano , Masini Cinzia , Pallotta Sabatino , Teofoli Patrizia , Rocco Gennaro , Mazzanti Cinzia , Abeni Damiano 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To test the effectiveness of an educational intervention including “face to face” training, compared to a standard information program, to reduce microstomia in women with systemic sclerosis. Design: Single-blind, two-arm, randomized controlled study with a 12-month follow-up period. Setting: Hospital wards of a large Italian dermatological reference center. Subjects: Female inpatients with diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Interventions: For both groups an information brochure and an audio-visual DVD were developed specifically for the study. The control group was assigned to educational materials alone (i.e. brochures and DVD), while the experimental group, in addition to the same educational materials, received specific “face-to-face” interventions, repeated at each follow-up visit. Main measures: Primary outcome was measurement of the opening of the mouth. Secondary outcomes was the self-reported mouth disability. Results: The intention-to-treat analysis included 63 patients. Compared to the baseline measurement, we observed an increase of the mouth opening of 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.49), P = 0.003; in the control group, the increase was 0.13 cm (95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.25), P = 0.06. The difference in improvement between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P = 0.10); however, it reached statistical significance in the per-protocol analysis (39 patients, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Face-to-face nursing rehabilitation training seems to improve microstomia to a greater extent, when compared to a standard intervention based only on written and audio-visual materials.
Impulsivity moderates the effects of dopamine D2 and mixed D1–D2 antagonists in individuals with gambling disorder
Authors: Zack Martin , Lobo Daniela , Biback Candice , Fang Tim , Smart Kelly , Tatone Daniel , Kalia Aditi , Digiacomo Daniel , Kennedy James L 
Published: June 2019

Background: The functional role of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in gambling disorder (GD) remains unclear. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the role of D1 activation and the moderating effects of impulsivity, a trait linked with weaker D2-mediated inhibition of dopamine release, in GD subjects. Methods: Thirty (nine female) non-comorbid GD subjects with low (LI), moderate (MI), or high impulsivity (HI) received the preferential D2 antagonist haloperidol (HAL; 3 mg) or the mixed D1–D2 antagonist fluphenazine (FLU; 3 mg), on separate sessions before a 15-minute slot machine game or amphetamine (AMPH; 20 mg), in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced design. Results: On their own, HAL and FLU led to linear increases and decreases, respectively, in desire to gamble across increasing levels of impulsivity. The slot machine and AMPH each evoked an inverted-U pattern of desire to gamble across increasing impulsivity. HAL reversed this effect of the game, whereas FLU did not alter post-game desire. HAL and FLU decreased and increased psychostimulant-like effects of the game, respectively, in LI and MI subjects, but consistently reduced these effects in HI subjects. HAL also altered the salience of negative affective words on a reading task, such that greater salience of negative words coincided with lower post-game desire to gamble. Conclusions: D1 receptors appear to gauge the incentive value of gambling in GD subjects. D1 activation has negative reinforcing effects in HI gamblers and positive reinforcing effects in LI gamblers. Medications that activate D1 could curtail chasing in HI gamblers. D1 blockade could benefit HI gamblers whose main concern is craving.
Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in committed differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by kartogenin
Authors: Wang Cheng , Liu Qiaohui , Ma Xiaoyuan , Dai Guofeng 
Published: June 2019

Objective To measure the inductive effect of kartogenin on matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels during the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into chondrocytes in vitro. Methods In vitro cultured bone marrow hMSCs were grown to the logarithmic phase and then divided into three groups: control group (0 µM kartogenin), 1 µM kartogenin group and 10 µM kartogenin group. After 72 h of culture, cell proliferation and differentiation were observed microscopically. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the cell supernatant and type II collagen levels in the cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Results Kartogenin induced the proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs. With the increase of kartogenin concentration, the level of type II collagen was increased, while the level of MMP-2 decreased. Conclusion These findings indicate that kartogenin can induce hMSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes, and with the increase of kartogenin concentration, degeneration of the cartilage extracellular matrix may be inhibited.
Long-term outcome after flexible ureteroscopy with holmium laser for simultaneous treatment of a single renal cyst and ipsilateral renal stones
Authors: Zewu Zhu , Hequn Chen , Yu Cui , Yang Li , Zhongqing Yang , Zhiyong Chen , Feng Zeng 
Published: June 2019

Objective To assess the long-term outcome of simultaneous treatment of a single renal cyst and ipsilateral stones with transurethral flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) lithotripsy and internal cyst drainage. Methods Patients who underwent simultaneous treatment with FURS lithotripsy and internal cyst drainage in our institution between July 2014 and September 2017 were enrolled. The cyst wall was identified endoscopically and a 1–3-cm window was created in the wall using a holmium laser. The proximal end of a double-J stent was placed in the cystic cavity to facilitate internal drainage. Results Thirteen patients underwent simultaneous treatment. No intraoperative complications with Clavien grading score >2 were noted in any patients. Mean stone burden and cyst diameter were 1.6 (range: 0.9–2.5) cm and 5.8 (range: 3.0–7.1) cm, respectively. Stone-free rates after single and complementary procedures were 84.6% and 92.3%, respectively. During the mean 33.1-month follow-up period (range: 17–54 months), seven patients (53.8%) achieved full resolution of renal cysts, five patients (38.5%) maintained >50% size reduction, and one patient (7.6%) experienced recurrence at 18 months postoperatively. Conclusions FURS with a holmium laser may constitute a safe and effective alternative procedure for simultaneous treatment of a single renal cyst and ipsilateral stones.
Craniofacial Morphology in Patients With Opitz G/BBB Syndrome
Authors: Dalben Gisele da Silva , Garib Daniela Gamba , Pinto Rayane de Oliveira , Richieri-Costa Antonio , Taveira Luís Antônio de Assis 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To compare the cephalometric characteristics of patients with and without Opitz G/BBB syndrome type I. Design: Cross-sectional, case–control study. Setting: Tertiary cleft center in Brazil. Participants: Eighteen individuals with Opitz G/BBB syndrome with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), compared to 18 individuals with nonsyndromic complete cleft lip and palate and 18 individuals without malformations, matched for gender and age. Interventions: Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of all patients were manually traced and digitized for achievement of linear and angular measurements. Main Outcome Measures: Analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis followed by Tukey tests were used for intergroup comparisons at a significance level of P < .05. Results: Individuals with Opitz G/BBB syndrome exhibited alterations in SNGn, P-Co, and N’-Pr/Po-Or that were not attributable to BCLP. Co-Go, Sella-Nasion-Supramentale, ANB (maxillo-mandibular relationship), and anterior nasal spine-posterior nasal spine (ANS-PNS)/U1A-U1T were significantly different in both G/BBB and BCLP groups compared to control, but not different between G/BBB and BCLP groups. Anterior nasal spine-posterior nasal spine/Go-Gn, ANS-PNS, V-Upper pharyngeal wall, and U-lower pharyngeal wall were different in nonsyndromic BLCP compared to nonsyndromic controls and Opitz G/BBB group. Conclusion: Patients with Opitz G/BBB syndrome exhibited some unique cephalometric alterations compared to patients with nonsyndromic complete BCLP and controls.
A case report of ganglion cell complex change in incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Kim Jiyeon , Gupta Arvind 
Published: June 2019

Background: Incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is a heavily underdiagnosed ophthalmic condition due to its nature of being asymptomatic. Only a handful of cases have been reported and, therefore, limited information is available in respect to it. To date, incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy has been viewed as threatened nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, which does not cause any symptoms or structural change to the affected eye. Case presentation: A 68-year-old female was diagnosed with right incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and left classic nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Despite her right eye remaining asymptomatic, the optical coherence tomography scan of her right macula at her 3-month follow-up appointment showed thinning of retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first ever case report describing a thinning of ganglion cell complex in a patient with incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. This suggests that contrary to current belief, incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy can result in subclinical structural changes to the affected eye.
Delayed Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis in the Setting of Isolated Lingual Necrosis
Authors: DeBord Logan Christopher , Chiu Ilene , Liou Nelson Eddie 
Published: June 2019

Background: Lingual necrosis is a rare complication of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods: A 77-year-old woman presented for treatment of a painful and discolored tongue, odynophagia, and dehydration refractory to antimicrobials over 2 weeks. An extensive, well-demarcated necrotic area was visualized on the anterior tongue upon admission. Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate were present. Computed tomography angiogram of the head and neck revealed an undulated-beaded appearance of the distal internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries bilaterally. Results: High-dose intravenous steroids were initiated for suspected vasculitis. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of GCA. The patient’s condition improved and the anterior tongue was well healed at 1 month follow-up. Conclusions: An atypical presentation of GCA (eg, isolated lingual necrosis) risks a delay in diagnosis and increased morbidity. Any patient above the age of 50 years presenting with tongue necrosis, in the absence of known cause, should undergo expedited workup for GCA.
Trait Conscientiousness predicts rate of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fuchs Tom A , Benedict Ralph HB , Wilding Gregory , Wojcik Curtis , Jakimovski Dejan , Bergsland Niels , Ramasamy Deepa P , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Zivadinov Robert , Dwyer Michael G 
Published: June 2019

Background: Conscientiousness is a core personality trait with favorable prognosis in neuropsychiatric disease. Objective: We aimed to determine whether baseline Conscientiousness predicts future brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) after accounting for demographic and basic clinical characteristics. Methods: Trait Conscientiousness, clinical features, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were obtained at baseline. Lateral ventricle volume (LVV) was measured longitudinally. In a retrospective general linear mixed effects model, data from 424 patients were analyzed (mean 6 time-points, up to 15 years). Results/Conclusion: We observed significant age and Conscientiousness by time-from-baseline interactions indicating that younger age and higher Conscientiousness are associated with reduced progression of brain atrophy.
Adolescents’ experiences of brief psychosocial intervention for depression: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of good-outcome cases
Authors: Dhanak Darshita , Thackeray Lisa , Dubicka Bernadka , Kelvin Raphael , Goodyer Ian M , Midgley Nick 
Published: June 2019

Background: Brief psychosocial intervention (BPI) is a treatment for adolescent depression that has recently demonstrated clinical effectiveness in a controlled trial. The aim of this study is to explore experiences of adolescents with major depression receiving BPI treatment in the context of good treatment outcomes. Method: A subsample of five interviews from a larger study of adolescents’ experiences of BPI was purposively selected, focusing on good-outcome cases. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis to provide a richer understanding of participants’ experiences of overcoming depression in the BPI group. Results: Four central themes were identified: ‘Being heard and feeling safe’, ‘Collaborative working enhancing therapy’, ‘Gaining a different perspective on one’s self and relationships’ and ‘A positive therapeutic relationship’. Conclusion: BPI is a novel approach with promising clinical effectiveness. Utilising adolescents’ experiences has revealed potential psychological mechanisms of good treatment response to BPI. Overall implications for clinical practice with depressed adolescents are discussed.
The Handling of the Rectal Stump Does Not Affect Severe Morbidity After Subtotal Colectomy For Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lissel M. , Omidy S. , Myrelid P. , Block M. , Angenete E. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Aims: Colectomy due to ulcerative colitis is associated with complications. One severe complication is the risk for blow-out of the remaining rectal remnant. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and severity of complications in patients with the rectal remnant left subcutaneously versus patients with the rectal remnant left intra-abdominally. A secondary aim was to identify risk factors for complications. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients at two tertiary centers in Sweden were retrospectively reviewed regarding surgical procedures; complications classified according to Clavien–Dindo; and possible risk factors for complications such as preoperative medication, emergency surgery, and body mass index. Results: 307 patients were identified. Minor complications were more common than previously reported (85%–89%). Severe surgical complications were not related to the handling of the rectal remnant. Leaving the rectal remnant subcutaneously was associated with local wound problems. Risk factors for severe complications were emergency surgery and preoperative medication with 5-aminosalicylic acid. Conclusion: Minor complications after colectomy for ulcerative colitis are very common and need to be addressed. Leaving the rectal stump intra-abdominally seems safe and may be advantageous to reduce local wound morbidity.
Community physiotherapy for people with dementia following hip fracture: Fact or fiction? A qualitative study
Authors: Hall Abigail J , Fullam James , Lang Iain A , Endacott Ruth , Goodwin Victoria A 
Published: June 2019

Background Physiotherapy is a core component of rehabilitation following a hip fracture. Approximately 40% of people sustaining a hip fracture will have dementia, but there is little evidence to guide physiotherapy interventions in this population. Objective This study forms part of a process evaluation seeking to explore reasons why people with dementia were not referred for physiotherapy following a hip fracture and challenges that are faced treating these people in the community. Methods We undertook a series of structured focus groups and interviews with physiotherapists based in community-rehabilitation services in the South West of England. Qualitative data sought to explain reasons why people with dementia were not being referred for onward physiotherapy following discharge from the acute setting after hip fracture. Framework analysis was used to make sense of the data. Results Four focus groups and interviews were undertaken with physiotherapists and assistants working in community settings. Three main themes were determined – beliefs, the importance of pathways of care and the effect of resources on decision making. Discussion Out data suggest that people with dementia were often labelled as having ‘no rehabilitation potential’ in the acute setting and this excluded them from receiving ongoing therapy in the community setting. It was also suggested that physiotherapists were judging this potential using biomedical measures of outcome which fails to recognise the importance of person centred care for this population. Conclusion There was suggestion of therapeutic nihilism when considering rehabilitation for this population, whereby it is assumed that people with dementia cannot be rehabilitated, so they are not given the opportunity. It is unsurprising that outcomes for this population are poor considering the reluctance to provide physiotherapy to people with dementia following hip fracture.