bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Correction Control Based on Plasticized Multilayer P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE) Actuator—Live Mirror
Authors: Thetpraphi Kritsadi , Le Minh Quyen , Houachtia Afef , Cottinet Pierre‐Jean , Petit Lionel , Audigier David , Kuhn Jeff , Moretto Gil , Capsal Jean‐Fabien 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe interdisciplinary approach presented here creates next‐generation large mirrors using electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators without classical glass abrasive polishing (“live mirrors”). The outstanding electromechanical coupling properties of terpolymer are taken advantage of, particularly when doped with plasticizer, e.g., diisononyl phthalate (DINP). This doped terpolymer creates a large strain response as well as excellent mechanical energy density under relatively low electric fields. Classical EAPs (e.g., polyurethane, silicone) require extremely high input voltages to reach sufficient mechanical strain. Using the high‐permittivity doped terpolymer and the concept of stacking multilayers, high displacements and large forces are generated. The actuation performance of multilayered terpolymer filled with DINP has been proven to shape mirror glass with a preliminary prototype of an 8‐layer actuator stack. The experimental results demonstrate surface deformations under load conditions of several microns. This is large enough to usefully control large optical telescope mirrors. This technology may enable much larger high‐quality optical mirror systems for ground‐ and space‐based astronomy and communications telescopes.
Grating Diffraction or Bragg Diffraction? Coloration Mechanisms of the Photonic Ball
Authors: Ohnuki Ryosuke , Isoda Shinji , Sakai Miki , Takeoka Yukikazu , Yoshioka Shinya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe coloration mechanism of the photonic ball is investigated, which is a spherical aggregation of submicrometer‐sized colloidal particles. An interesting optical property is reported for photonic balls with colloidal particles larger than 400 nm: a ring‐like iridescent reflection appears on the peripheral part of the ball when observed under an optical microscope. Previous studies considered grating diffraction or Bragg diffraction separately to explain this iridescence. Here, it is shown from detailed structural and optical investigations that both diffraction mechanisms are important. In particular, Bragg diffraction explains the presence of a specific color for the photonic ball when observed with the naked eye in contrast to the iridescence seen under the microscope. The essential idea of the optical analysis is to combine the Bragg diffraction that occurs in the 3D periodic structure with the grating diffraction that originates from the surface with a 2D periodicity. The macroscopic color is almost independent of the angle of observation because of this unique reflection mechanism; hence, the photonic ball can be a suitable candidate for the structurally colored pigment.
Hybrid Digital Coding Metasurface for Independent Control of Propagating Surface and Spatial Waves
Authors: Wang Meng , Ma Hui Feng , Wu Liang Wei , Sun Shi , Tang Wen Xuan , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA metasurface is a kind of planar metamaterial made by placing subwavelength‐scale structures into a 2D pattern on a surface or interface. It has been attracting much attention in recent years. In this paper, a concept for a hybrid digital coding metasurface is proposed that can manipulate the radiation of surface waves (SWs) and spatially propagating waves (SPWs), independently and simultaneously, in the same frequency band. By independently controlling the coding sequences of digital elements “0” and “1” for surface impedance and metasurface reflection phase, the SW radiation and SPW reflection can be reconfigured and manipulated in both the elevation and azimuth directions, respectively, with weak mutual coupling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to simultaneously manipulate SW and SPW radiation using only a single metasurface with a shared aperture. Full‐wave simulations and experimental measurements are presented to validate the proposed theory and new physical phenomena.
Computational Dissection of 2D SiC7 Monolayer: A Direct Band Gap Semiconductor and High Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Guan Jintong , Zhang Lingyan , Deng Kaiming , Du Yongping , Kan Erjun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is well known that zero‐gap character of graphene and silicene limits their applications, which stimulates the great passions to open an energy gap in graphene (silicene) and develop their application in optoelectronic devices. Recently, it is reported that SixC1 − x monolayers hold great potential in solar cells. In this paper, based on the global particle‐swarm optimization algorithm and the density functional theory methods, two new novel stable SiC7 (α‐SiC7 and β‐SiC7) was predicted, which are 22 meV per atom and 86 meV per atom lower than g‐SiC7 in energy, respectively. Among them, β‐SiC7 presents graphene‐like honeycomb configuration, having a direct band gap of 1.01 eV, which covers the main energy of the solar spectrum. Moreover, its hole mobility can reach ≈10 000 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is much higher than that of silicon. These advantages make it a promising candidate as a donor material for excitonic solar cells. The authors’ theoretical simulations show a considerably high power conversion efficiency of 20.5% for the primarily designed β‐SiC7/g‐SiC7 excitonic solar cells.
On the Origins of Fracture Toughness in Advanced Teleosts: How the Swordfish Sword's Bone Structure and Composition Allow for Slashing under Water to Kill or Stun Prey
Authors: Schmidt Felix N. , Zimmermann Elizabeth A. , Walsh Flynn , Plumeyer Christine , Schaible Eric , Fiedler Imke A. K. , Milovanovic Petar , Rößle Manfred , Amling Michael , Blanchet Clément , Gludovatz Bernd , Ritchie Robert O. , Busse Björn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe osseous sword of a swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is specialized to incapacitate prey with stunning blows. Considering the sword's growth and maturation pattern, aging from the sword's base to the tip, while missing a mechanosensitive osteocytic network, an in‐depth understanding of its mechanical properties and bone quality is lacking. Microstructural, compositional, and nanomechanical characteristics of the bone along the sword are investigated to reveal structural mechanisms accounting for its exceptional mechanical competence. The degree of mineralization, homogeneity, and particle size increase from the base toward the tip, reflecting aging along its length. Fracture experiments reveal that crack‐growth toughness vastly decreases at the highly and homogeneously mineralized tip, suggesting the importance of aging effects. Initiation toughness, however, is unchanged suggesting that aging effects on this hierarchical level are counteracted by constant mineral/fibril interaction. In conclusion, the sword of the swordfish provides an excellent model reflecting base‐to‐tip‐wise aging of bone, as indicated by increasing mineralization and decreasing crack‐growth toughness toward the tip. The hierarchical, structural, and compositional changes along the sword reflect peculiar prerequisites needed for resisting high mechanical loads. Further studies on advanced teleosts bone tissue may help to unravel structure–function relationships of heavily loaded skeletons lacking mechanosensing cells.
Low‐Conductance and Multilevel CMOS‐Integrated Nanoscale Oxide Memristors
Authors: Sheng Xia , Graves Catherine E. , Kumar Suhas , Li Xuema , Buchanan Brent , Zheng Le , Lam Sity , Li Can , Strachan John Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing memristors, such as oxide and phase change resistive switches, as tunable resistors to construct analog computing hardware accelerators is gaining keen attention. Such accelerators have demonstrated the potential to significantly outperform digital computers in highly relevant applications such as machine learning and image processing. However, improvements in device‐level performance of memristors, including reducing power consumption and high current–induced metal migration in interconnects, need continued developments. Nanoscaling and complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integration are also of significant importance in commercialization of such accelerators. Here tantalum oxide memristors scaled down to 25 nm sizes and integrated on CMOS transistor circuits are presented. The memristor conductance is programmable with a 6 order‐of‐magnitude operating range, especially with 3‐bits below 10 µS for low current operation. The stability of such levels and the size scaling of the operating parameters are further studied. These results will aid device engineering of memristors and bolster development of neuromorphic hardware accelerators.
Structural Anisotropy in Stretchable Silicon
Authors: Curtis Sabrina M. , Tompkins Randy P. , Nichols Barbara M. , Graziano Milena B. , Kierzewski Iain , Smith Gabriel , Leite Marina S. , Lazarus Nathan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPatterned planar silicon (Si) semiconductor structures able to conform around 3D surfaces are promising candidates for wearable devices from solar cells to displays. Despite the known anisotropic material properties of crystalline semiconductors, prior evaluations have assumed isotropic stretchable mechanical behavior. The effect of structural anisotropy on the mechanical stretching behavior of {100} single crystalline Si planes is demonstrated through models and experiments. 3D finite element analysis results show serpentines fabricated and strained loaded on the dense {111} family of planes will have maximum von Mises peak stresses that are 20% higher than those fabricated in the <100> direction on the {100} family of planes. A fabrication process is presented to release in‐plane Si serpentine test structures from (100) silicon‐on‐insulator wafers aligned parallel to the <110> and <100> crystallographic orientations. The released test structures can accommodate strains to 84%. Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize anisotropic effects on the internal stresses of Si serpentines. Raman measurements confirm two different maximum stress locations on <110> and <100> Si serpentines, resulting in two different break locations. All results show anisotropy plays a critical role in the mechanical behavior of stretchable Si serpentines and must be considered during design of stretchable semiconductor structures.
Highly Sensitive and Stretchable CNT‐Bridged AgNP Strain Sensor Based on TPU Electrospun Membrane for Human Motion Detection
Authors: Huang Jieyu , Li Dawei , Zhao Min , Mensah Alfred , Lv Pengfei , Tian Xiaojuan , Huang Fenglin , Ke Huizhen , Wei Qufu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHighly stretchable, conductive, and sensitive strain‐sensing materials have aroused wide interest owing to their potential in wearable devices. A facile and scalable method to fabricate a carbon‐nanotube‐ (CNT‐) bridged silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) strain sensor based on thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun membrane (TPUEM), which exhibits a large strain range with a high gauge factor simultaneously, is demonstrated. It exhibits a high stretchability with large workable strain range of up to 550%, high gauge factor of 7066, good durability over 1000 cycles, and comparable stability under various strains. Importantly, it can be used for human motion detection, including subtle movements and large‐scale human motion, showing its promising application in flexible and wearable devices.
Identifying Catalytic Active Sites of Trimolybdenum Phosphide (Mo3P) for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Kondori Alireza , Esmaeilirad Mohammadreza , Baskin Artem , Song Boao , Wei Jialiang , Chen Wei , Segre Carlo U. , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza , Prendergast David , Asadi Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSolid‐state electrocatalysis plays a crucial role in the development of renewable energy to reshape current and future energy needs. However, finding an inexpensive and highly active catalyst to replace precious metals remains a big challenge for this technology. Here, tri‐molybdenum phosphide (Mo3P) is found as a promising nonprecious metal and earth‐abundant candidate with outstanding catalytic properties that can be used for electrocatalytic processes. The catalytic performance of Mo3P nanoparticles is tested in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The results indicate an onset potential of as low as 21 mV, H2 formation rate, and exchange current density of 214.7 µmol s−1 g−1cat (at only 100 mV overpotential) and 279.07 µA cm−2, respectively, which are among the closest values yet observed to platinum. Combined atomic‐scale characterizations and computational studies confirm that high density of molybdenum (Mo) active sites at the surface with superior intrinsic electronic properties are mainly responsible for the remarkable HER performance. The density functional theory calculation results also confirm that the exceptional performance of Mo3P is due to neutral Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*) of the hydrogen (H) adsorption at above 1/2 monolayer (ML) coverage of the (110) surface, exceeding the performance of existing non‐noble metal catalysts for HER.
Testosterone moderates the effects of social support on cardiovascular disease risk factors among older US men
Authors: Gettler Lee T. , Sarma Mallika S. , Gengo Rieti G. , Oka Rahul C. , McKenna James J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesSocial support positively affects health through pathways such as shaping intrapersonal emotional and psychological well‐being. Lower testosterone often interrelates with psychological and behavioral orientations that are beneficial to participation in emotionally supportive relationships. Yet, little research has considered the ways in which testosterone may contribute to health outcomes related to emotional support.MethodsWe draw on testosterone, social support data, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)‐relevant indicators (inflammatory markers; blood pressure [BP]) from older men (n = 366) enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a US nationally representative study. We test whether men's testosterone moderates associations between emotional social support and markers related to CVD risk.ResultsFor men with relatively lower testosterone, higher levels of social support predicted lower white blood cell (WBC) counts, consistent with reduced inflammation. In contrast, men with higher testosterone exhibited elevated WBC counts with greater support. In a diverging pattern, men with lower testosterone had higher systolic and diastolic BP with higher support, whereas the slopes for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, were comparatively flatter for men with higher levels of testosterone.ConclusionsWe suggest that our findings are theoretically consistent with the idea that testosterone helps shape intrapersonal and interpersonal experiences and perceptions of men's emotional support networks, thereby affecting the health implications of that support. The somewhat divergent results for WBC count vs BP highlight the need for inclusion of other neuroendocrine markers alongside testosterone as well as refined measures of perceived and received support.
The different facets of “culture” in genetic counseling: A situated analysis of genetic counseling in Hong Kong
Authors: Zayts Olga , Shipman Hannah , Fung Jasmine L.‐F. , Liu Anthony P.‐Y. , Kwok Sit‐Yee , Tsai Anne C.‐H. , Yung Tak‐Cheung , Chung Brian H.‐Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article, we problematize the concept of “culture” in genetic counseling. With globalization and increased mobility of both genetic professionals and clients, there is an increased acknowledgement of the impact of “culture” on a counseling process. There is, however, little agreement on what “culture” is. The essentialist understanding that has long been dominant in the medical literature views culture as a set of shared beliefs, attitudes and practices among a group of people. Such an approach does not account for the individual differences and the dynamic nature of genetic counseling encounters. Following Zayts and Schnurr (2017), we use the distinction between two orders of culture: culture1 that refers to the static, generalized understanding of culture that is external to the specific context, and culture2, an analytic concept that denotes dynamic enactments of culture, emerging in the interaction. We use empirical data from genetic counseling sessions to illustrate these different facets of culture and to consider how and why speakers draw on them. The clinical implications of the study include highlighting the importance of cultural awareness among counselors, including cultural self‐awareness, and demonstrating how authentic interactional data could be used to enhance cultural training in genetic counseling.
A 1,3,2‐Diazaphospholene‐Catalyzed Reductive Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Reed John H. , Donets Pavel A. , Miaskiewicz Solène , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: May 2019

Abstract1,3,2‐Diazaphospholenes (DAPs) are an emerging class of organic hydrides. In this work, we exploited them as efficient catalysts for very mild reductive Claisen rearrangements. The method is tolerant towards a wide variety of functional groups and operates at ambient temperature. Besides being enantiospecific for substrates with existing stereogenic centers, the diastereoselectivity can be switched by varying solvents and DAP catalysts. The reaction kinetics show direct rearrangements of O‐bound phospholene enolates and provide a proof‐of‐principle for catalytic enantioselective reactions.
Revealing the correlation between molecular structure and dielectric properties of carbonyl‐containing polyimide dielectrics
Authors: Tong Hui , Ahmad Aftab , Fu Jing , Xu Hongyan , Fan Tao , Hou Yudong , Xu Ju 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPolymer dielectrics with outstanding heat resistance and advanced dielectric properties are of great importance for high‐temperature capacitors in the applications of hostile circumstances. In this work, a series of aromatic carbonyl‐containing polyimides (CPI) are prepared from the carbonyl dianhydride and different diamines. The correlation between molecular structure (i.e., different linked structure (─O─, ─CH2─, ─SO2─) in diamines, the length of repeating unit and the linked position (para‐para or meta‐meta), and properties is revealed in detail to obtain CPI dielectrics with excellent thermal resistance (glass transition temperature, Tg: 241~352°C), reasonably high dielectric constant (3.99~5.23), low dissipation factor (0.00307~0.00395), and admirable breakdown strength (425~552 MV/m) simultaneously. Particularly, CPI‐5 with carbonyl structure in dianhydride and sulfonyl group in diamine proves to exhibit discharged energy density and charge–discharge efficiency of 6.34 J/cm3and 92.3% at 500 MV/m, respectively. In addition, CPI‐5 also displays stable dielectric properties in temperature range of −50‑200°C. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47883.
Agricultural residue‐derived lignin as the filler of polylactic acid composites and the effect of lignin purity on the composite performance
Authors: Gao Yiwei , Qu Wangda , Liu Yang , Hu Hui , Cochran Eric , Bai Xianglan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, corn stover lignin with different purities was used as filler in polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. It was found that the impurity metals present in unpurified lignin can significantly affect the performance of the composites in terms of their thermal stability, rheological behavior, mechanical properties, and hydrophobicity. Among the PLA composites, the ones fabricated with the lignin containing 4% of impurities overall had the best thermal stability and tensile strength. From melt rheology analysis, it was also found that the presence of the impurity metals decreases the complex viscosity of the composites. It is suggested that the impurity metals acted as catalysts to promote the interaction between lignin and PLA, resulting in an improved compatibility between PLA and the filler. In the present study, mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of the composites were further improved by acetylating the lignin with the optimum content of impurities. Tensile strength of the composite with the acetylated lignin was comparable to that of pure PLA, whereas the modulus increased to as high as 2.75 GPa. Overall, the study showed that unpurified lignin could be used as filler to achieve similar or better performance than the composites made with highly purified lignin fillers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47915.
Why is there a tilted cloud vertical structure associated with the northward advance of the East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Sun Guorong , Li Yunying , Liu Lihang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cloud fraction demonstrates an obvious northward‐tilting structure associated with the northward advance of the East Asian summer monsoon. As a follow‐up study, this study explores the physical explanation of the tilted structure based on ERA‐Interim data. The lower convergence center is located on the northern side of the convective center, and the upper divergence center is located on the southern side of the convective center. This specific atmospheric circulation promotes the formation of the tilted cloud vertical structure. Further study shows that the convective instability layer is thinner, and the convective available potential energy is smaller on the northern side of the convective center, favoring the formation of cumulus and altocumulus clouds in the lower troposphere. Condensation from cumulus convection releases latent heat, enhancing convective activity and generating an abundance of deep convective clouds. As the cloud anvils after deep convective clouds collapse, high clouds accumulate in the upper troposphere and are transported to the southern side of the convective center. Therefore, the observed clouds demonstrate a tilted structure. This study can be used to validate cloud vertical structure simulated by climate and weather models.
A machine learning approach for individual claims reserving in insurance
Authors: Baudry Maximilien , Robert Christian Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAccurate loss reserves are an important item in the financial statement of an insurance company and are mostly evaluated by macrolevel models with aggregate data in run‐off triangles. In recent years, a new set of literature has considered individual claims data and proposed parametric reserving models based on claim history profiles. In this paper, we present a nonparametric and flexible approach for estimating outstanding liabilities using all the covariates associated to the policy, its policyholder, and all the information received by the insurance company on the individual claims since its reporting date. We develop a machine learning–based method and explain how to build specific subsets of data for the machine learning algorithms to be trained and assessed on. The choice for a nonparametric model leads to new issues since the target variables (claim occurrence and claim severity) are right‐censored most of the time. The performance of our approach is evaluated by comparing the predictive values of the reserve estimates with their true values on simulated data. We compare our individual approach with the most used aggregate data method, namely, chain ladder, with respect to the bias and the variance of the estimates. We also provide a short real case study based on a Dutch loan insurance portfolio.