bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Management of Lower Extremity Free Tissue Transfer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Soteropulos Carol , Chen Jenny , Poore Samuel , Garland Catharine 
Published: July 2018

Background Free tissue transfer for lower extremity reconstruction is a safe and reliable option for a wide range of challenging wounds; however, no consensus exists regarding postoperative management.
Methods A systematic review of postoperative management of lower extremity free tissue transfer was conducted using Medline, Cochrane Database, and Web of Science. Multicenter surveys, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series were reviewed.
Results Fifteen articles investigating current protocols, flap physiology, and aggressive dangle protocols were reviewed. The following evidence-based conclusions were made: (1) Free tissue transfer to the lower extremity is unique due to altered hemodynamics and dependency during orthostasis. Free flap circulation is dependent on locally mediated responses and deprived of compensatory muscular and neurovascular mechanisms that prevent venous congestion in the normal extremity. (2) Compressive wrapping reduces venous congestion and edema and may induce ischemic conditioning, which can increase blood flow. (3) Dangle protocols vary widely in timing of initiation, frequency, and monitoring. Small volume studies examining aggressive mobilization protocols initiating early dependency have led to earlier ambulation and discharge, with no change in flap survival as compared with conservative protocols. (4) Weight bearing may begin after the completion of dangle protocol if no orthopedic injury is present. Conclusions Early initiation of a dangle protocol does not appear to negatively impact flap survival based on this systematic review. Compressive wrapping may be a useful adjunct. Many surgeons agree that clinical monitoring is sufficient; there is no consensus on the utility of adjunct monitoring techniques. Weight bearing may begin after completion of dangle protocol with close flap monitoring, if not prevented by orthopedic restrictions. By providing additional outflow vasculature to reduce venous congestion, flow-through anastomoses may eliminate the need for a dangle protocol. Further research, including large randomized controlled trials is still needed to establish high-level evidence-based conclusions.
Evaluating Venous Drainage in Reverse Flow Pedicles: Available Evidence and Mechanisms
Authors: Karinja Sarah , Riesel Johanna , Iorio Matthew 
Published: July 2018

Background The anatomy and physiology of venous drainage in the reversed flow vascular pedicle is controversial and there have been few well-designed, controlled studies to effectively evaluate the physiology. We evaluated the available evidence for venous drainage to synthesize the conclusions of these studies, and to identify areas in need of further research.
Methods Electronic databases were searched for articles published from January 1, 1950 to November 1, 2017. A total of 316 citations were screened for inclusion. Fifty articles met inclusion criteria and underwent review, yielding 12 articles for final data analysis. Three principal study types were found: human cadaveric (7), animal (3), human clinical (1), and mixed (1).
Results We identified two main theories regarding the mechanism of venous drainage in reverse flow flaps. The “avalvular bypass” theory is based on the findings of intact valves of the venae comitantes, and venous outflow through the crossover pattern of the communicating branches and bypass pattern of the collateral branches. Alternatively, the “valvular incompetence” theory implies that pedicle dissection, proximal ligation, and insetting of the flap cause physiologic changes, such as increased venous pressure, denervation, and simultaneous proximal and distal filling, which together result in valvular insufficiency.
Conclusion The mechanism by which retrograde venous outflow occurs in reverse flow flaps remains controversial. Nonetheless, a few well-designed studies have contributed to the understanding of venous anatomy and outflow. Most likely, the true mechanism is based on venous outflow that occurs via the “avalvular bypass” route initially and the “valvular incompetence” route later.
Prognosis of Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Ipsilateral Pulmonary Metastasis
Authors: Ucvet Ahmet , Yazgan Serkan , Gursoy Soner , Samancilar Ozgur 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background Ipsilateral pulmonary metastasis (PM) in the same lobe (T3Satell) or different lobe (T4Ipsi Nod) constitutes a small proportion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In our study, we aimed to determine prognostic factors and to evaluate long-term survival outcomes in the patients who underwent complete resection due to NSCLC.
Methods Data of 1,502 surgically treated patients with NSCLC from January 2007 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty (3.3%) patients diagnosed with PM were the basis of the study. Demographic and histopathological characteristics, surgical procedures, and prognostic factors for survival were analyzed, categorizing patients according to the presence of PM in the same lobe or different lobe.
Results Among the 50 patients, 23 (46%) had PM in the same lobe as the primary tumor and 27 (54%) had PM in different ipsilateral lobes. The mean size of nodules was 11.5 mm. While T3Satell was detected mostly in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (65.2%), T4Ipsi Nod was more common in adenocarcinoma (AC) (70.4%), and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.022). Survival was significantly better in the SCC-T3Satell group than the AC-T3Satell group (64 and 58.3%, respectively; p = 0.043). Although the overall 5-year survival was better in the T3Satell group, the difference between survival outcomes of both groups was not statistically significant (61.2 and 37.2%, respectively; p = 0.27). In the T3Satell group, nodule size was found to be a negative prognostic factor in survival (p = 0.042), whereas the number of nodules was found to be a negative prognostic factor in the T4Ipsi Nod group (p = 0.046). In multivariate analysis, advanced age was a poor prognostic factor for PM (p = 0.03).
Conclusion There was no significant difference in survival between T3Satell and T4Ipsi Nod patients. Among surgically treated patients due to NSCLC, poor prognostic factors were advanced age for the patients with PM, nodule size and AC for T3Satell patients, and the number of nodules for T4Ipsi Nod patients.
Pfannenstiel versus Vertical Skin Incision for Cesarean Delivery in Women with Class III Obesity: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Blackwell Sean , Hester Ashley , Olson Gayle , Saade George , Faro Jonathan , Pedroza Claudia , Sibai Baha , Marrs Caroline 
Published: July 2018

Objective To compare Pfannenstiel versus vertical skin incision for the prevention of cesarean wound complications in morbidly obese women.
Study Design Women with body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2 undergoing cesarean delivery (CD) were randomly allocated to Pfannenstiel or vertical skin incision. The primary outcome was a wound complication within 6 weeks. Due to a low consent rate, we limited enrollment to a defined time period for feasibility. We conducted a traditional frequentist analysis with log-binomial regression to obtain relative risks (RRs), and a Bayesian analysis to estimate the probability of treatment benefit. A priori, we decided that a ≥60% probability of treatment benefit for either incision type would be convincing evidence to pursue a larger trial.
Results A total of 648 women were approached, 228 were consented, and 91 were randomized. The primary outcome rate was 19% in the Pfannenstiel group and 21% in the vertical group (RR: 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 0.49–2.85). Bayesian analysis revealed a 59% probability that Pfannenstiel had a lower primary outcome rate.
Conclusion In the first published randomized trial to compare skin incision types for obese women undergoing CD, we were unable to demonstrate differences in clinical outcomes. Our trial suggests that a larger study would have a low probability for different findings.
Trial Registration NCT 01897376 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Future population and human capital in heterogeneous India
Authors: KC Samir , Wurzer Marcus , Speringer Markus , Lutz Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

Significance
India will soon be the world’s most populous country, but in terms of human capital and, consequently, Gross Domestic Product per capita, it has been trailing behind China. While some economists believe that India’s younger population will be an advantage over China’s aging one, here we show that much will depend on future investments in education and health and thus human capital. In terms of methodology, this paper addresses the question of what sources of observable population heterogeneity should be explicitly incorporated in population projections. It suggests that the dominant model of considering only the age and sex structures at the national level should be complemented by multidimensional models depending on the importance of heterogeneity and substantive user interest in the additional dimensions.
Rheotaxis-based separation of sperm with progressive motility using a microfluidic corral system
Authors: Zaferani Meisam , Cheong Soon Hon , Abbaspourrad Alireza 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceThe separation of motile sperm from semen samples is required for medical infertility treatments and clinical studies. Conventional methods are time- and labor-intensive and could be potentially hazardous to morphology and paternal content of the sperm. Using a microfluidic corral system and the ability of viable sperm to swim against flow, we were able to passively isolate motile sperm from the semen sample inside a corral. This device can separate sperm with velocities higher than a cutoff, which is tunable with the injection rate. The unprecedented efficiency of our device in comparison to previous studies and its benign passive nature make it favorable for sperm separation.
Inhibition of GCN2 sensitizes ASNS-low cancer cells to asparaginase by disrupting the amino acid response
Authors: Nakamura Akito , Nambu Tadahiro , Ebara Shunsuke , Hasegawa Yuka , Toyoshima Kosei , Tsuchiya Yasuko , Tomita Daisuke , Fujimoto Jun , Kurasawa Osamu , Takahara Chisato , Ando Ayumi , Nishigaki Ryuichi , Satomi Yoshinori , Hata Akito , Hara Takahito 
Published: July 2018

Significancel-asparaginase (ASNase) is a critical component of treatment protocols for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although the cure rates have dramatically improved, the prognosis for patients with recurrent ALL remains poor. General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) plays a major role in cellular response to amino acid limitation. As inhibitors targeting GCN2 have been lacking, the potential of GCN2 inhibitors as cancer therapeutic agents remains unclear. Here we report potent GCN2 inhibitors that exhibit synergistic antiproliferative effects with ASNase in asparagine synthetase-low cancer. Our findings enhance the molecular understanding of the disrupted amino acid response caused by GCN2 inhibition under limited asparagine availability. Combined treatment with GCN2 inhibitors and ASNase shows promise for achieving improved outcomes in ALL and other types of cancer.
Bottom-up single-molecule strategy for understanding subunit function of tetrameric β-galactosidase
Authors: Li Xiang , Jiang Yu , Chong Shaorong , Walt David R. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
β-Galactosidase (β-gal) is one of the most commonly used enzymes in molecular biology. There is widespread interest in understanding the details of how the different monomeric units in the tetrameric structure of β-gal influence the kinetics and affect the enzyme activity. In this work, we present a bottom-up strategy to synthesize β-gal containing varying numbers of active monomers in vitro and profile the single-enzyme activity for each specific configuration. We were able to identify four distinct configurations of the engineered β-gal by measuring the activities of individual β-gal molecules. Based on the resulting correlation between enzyme activity and configuration, we studied rare occurrences of mistranslation using a microwell array platform and determined an accurate in vitro mistranslation frequency.
Nitro-fatty acids are formed in response to virus infection and are potent inhibitors of STING palmitoylation and signaling
Authors: Hansen Anne Louise , Buchan Gregory J. , Rühl Michael , Mukai Kojiro , Salvatore Sonia R. , Ogawa Emari , Andersen Sidsel D. , Iversen Marie B. , Thielke Anne L. , Gunderstofte Camilla , Motwani Mona , Møller Charlotte T. , Jakobsen Andreas S. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Roos Jessica , Lin Rongtuan , Maier Thorsten J. , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela , Miner Cathrine A. , Qian Wei , Miner Jonathan J. , Rigby Rachel E. , Rehwinkel Jan , Jakobsen Martin R. , Arai Hiroyuki , Taguchi Tomohiko , Schopfer Francisco J. , Olagnier David , Holm Christian K. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Several chronic inflammatory conditions have recently been shown to depend on abnormally high activity of the signaling protein stimulator of IFN genes (STING). These conditions include examples from systemic lupus erythematosus, Aicardi–Goutiéres syndrome, and STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy. The involvement of STING in these diseases points to an unmet demand to identify inhibitors of STING signaling, which could form the basis of anti-STING therapeutics. With this report, we identify distinct endogenously formed lipid species as potent inhibitors of STING signaling—and propose that these lipids could have pharmaceutical potential for treatment of STING-dependent inflammatory diseases.
The Rwandan agrarian and land sector modernisation: confronting macro performance with lived experiences on the ground
Authors: Ansoms An , Cioffo Giuseppe , Dawson Neil , Desiere Sam , Huggins Chris , Leegwater Margot , Murison Jude , Nyenyezi Bisoka Aymar , Treidl Johanna , Van Damme Julie 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Rwanda has embarked on an ambitious policy package to modernise and professionalise the agrarian and land sector. Its reform fits into a broader call – supported by major international donors – to implement a Green Revolution in Sub-Saharan Africa. After 10 years of implementation, there is increased production output and value-addition in commercialised commodity chains. These are promising results. However, poverty reduction, particularly in more recent years, seems limited. Moreover, micro-level evidence from the field calls into question the long-term sustainability of the agricultural and land sector reform. In this article, a group of researchers, having engaged in in-depth qualitative research in a variety of settings and over an extended period, bring together their main research results and combine their key findings to challenge the dominant discourse on Rwanda as a model for development.
Bilateral comparison of 1.018 V and 10 V standards between the KEBS (Kenya) and the BIPM, January to March 2018, (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b)
Authors: Solve S , Chayramy R , Aguko Gibson O , Stock M 
Published: July 2018

As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b, a comparison of the 1.018 V and 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the Kenya Bureau of Standards, was carried out from January to February 2017. Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B), BIPM_A (Z8) and BIPM_B (ZB), were hand carried to KEBS and back to BIPM by M. Gibosn Aguko. Since the total duration of the travels from one institute to the other was not exceeding the capabilities of the self-powering of the Zeners (36 hours), the transfer standards did not need any additional battery connected in parallel to the internal battery. At KEBS, the reference standard for DC voltage is a 732B Zener standard traceable to a primary voltage by means of a calibration service requested once a year from a National Measurement Institute (UME, Turkey) operating a Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS) two times per year. The output EMF (Electromotive Force) of each travelling standard was measured against the Zener voltage standard by means of an accurate multimeter.
At the BIPM, the travelling standards were calibrated, before and after the measurements at KEBS, with the Josephson Voltage Standard. Results of all measurements were corrected for the dependence of the output voltages of the Zener standards on internal temperature and atmospheric pressure.Since KEBS did not record the temperature of the internal voltage reference during its measurement session, no correction for the Zener temperature dependence was applied. However, as a consequence the related uncertainty was adjusted.
The final result of the comparison is presented as the difference between the values assigned to DC voltage standards by KEBS, at the level of 1.018 V and 10 V, at KEBS, U
KEBS, and those assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, U
BIPM, at the reference dates of the 2 February 2018.

U
KEBS - U
BIPM = + 0.11 µV; u
c = 0.34 µV, at 1.018 V

U
KEBS - U
BIPM = + 0.25 µV; u
c = 1.55 µV, at 10 V

where u
c is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference, including the uncertainty of the representation of the volt at the BIPM and at KEBS, based on KJ-90, and the uncertainty related to the comparison. KEBS' uncertainties appear to be over estimated and would require revision.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Josephson voltage standard; Zener diode; KEBS; BIPM; comparison; Kenya; electricity and magnetism; CIPM MRA

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Eigen-frequency analysis of spherical shell laminated composite plates with and without central cutouts using finite elements
Authors: Behera Ranjan K. , Garg Kushagra , Patro Sudhansu S. , Sharma Nitin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article presents the free vibration responses of spherical shell laminated composite panels (SSLCP) without and with central cutouts (square, circular and rectangular) using finite elements. The SSLCP midplane kinematics has been modeled using ABAQUS commercial finite element tool in the framework of first order shear deformation theory. Firstly, the validity of the present model is established by comparing the present natural frequencies values with the available benchmark results. Subsequently, the influence of both varying and constant aspect ratio for different central cutouts on the natural frequencies of SSLCP are investigated by solving appropriate numerical examples and findings are discussed in detail. The results are given in the form of tables and figures.
Harms and objections
Authors: McDermott Michael 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Intuition says that choosing to create a miserable person is wrong, but choosing not to create a happy one is not; this is ‘the Asymmetry’. There is a complete theory which agrees – the ‘Harm Minimization’ theory. A well-known objection is that this theory rejects Parfit’s principle of ‘No Difference’. But No Difference has less intuitive support than the Asymmetry, and there seems to be no complete theory which agrees with both. There is, however, a more serious problem for Harm Minimization: it says it is wrong to create happy people if we could have made some of them happier at the expense of others. The purpose of this note is to describe a complete theory which agrees with the Asymmetry and avoids this unacceptable consequence; like Harm Minimization, it rejects No Difference.
Acute Kidney Injury in a Patient on Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate After Initiation of Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Serota David P , Franch Harold A , Cartwright Emily J 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
HIV treatment with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) has decreased renal toxicity compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in clinical trials. We report the case of a patient with HIV/HCV coinfection who was started on a TAF-based HIV regimen and developed acute kidney injury that worsened with the addition of sofosbuvir-ledipasvir.
Nuances of Endovascular Treatment of Transverse/Sigmoid Sinus Stenosis With Stenting Venoplasty in a Patient With Pseudotumor Cerebri: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present a case of a patient with pseudotumor cerebri (PC) and transverse/sigmoid junction sinus (TSJS) stenosis treated with stenting venoplasty. A 54-yr-old man with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented with subacute onset of progressive headaches, blurred vision, and papilledema. He was clinically diagnosed with PC. Left TSJS stenosis was suspected on magnetic resonance venography and confirmed with digital subtraction angiography and venography. During angiography, venous pressures were measured along the intracranial venous system revealing a significant drop compared with pressures obtained from the superior sagittal and sigmoid sinuses. For 7 d prior to venous sinus stenting, he was prescribed antiplatelet therapy with aspirin (350 mg/d) and clopidogrel (75 mg/d). Patient consent was obtained prior to performing the procedure; institutional board approval is not required for the report of a single case. Under conscious sedation and systemic heparinization, the patient underwent endovascular stenting of the left TSJS with an open-cell carotid stent (Precise 7 × 40 mm; Cordis, Milpitas, California). Successful left TSJS reconstruction transpired with no procedure-related complications. The patient was discharged home 1 d postprocedure. After 2 mo of dual antiplatelet therapy, clopidogrel was discontinued. At the 1-yr follow-up, he had resolution of papilledema and notably less intense headaches. Venous sinus stenting is an effective endovascular treatment for symptomatic patients with PC and sinus stenosis. Venous pressure measurement is imperative for patient selection. Adequate venous access with a 6-French guide catheter into the sigmoid sinus and an intermediate catheter into the transverse sinus is crucial to navigate a stent through the acute angles of the TSJS and jugular vein.