bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collections to think with
Authors: Hase Jackson , Darley Rebecca 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Blackburn Museum and Art Gallery has a nationally significant coin collection, thanks mainly to two bequests in the early twentieth century. The donation by R. E. Hart, a local industrialist, was made along with all his accompanying notes and books. This collection offers unique insights into the habits and aims of Hart as a numismatist, his wider network and the intellectual community of collecting. Understanding Hart’s processes of acquisition, and his role as a learned society member and customer of major auction houses supplies the outlines of a shared endeavour that, in the early twentieth century, shaped social and personal, as well as economic and cultural identities. Collections and collecting like Hart’s were also fundamental in creating the resources and structures for numismatic study today, offering a reminder of the importance of preserving and understanding inclusive environments of knowledge curation, as well as context for the collections underpinning much current research.
Traces of Mysticism in Ibn al-Jawzī’s Thought; an Examination of His Baḥr al-Dumūʿ
Authors: Held Pascal 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study attempts to show that the well-known Ḥanbalī scholar Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 1201) was not, as commonly assumed, intrinsically opposed to mystical endeavours, but in fact himself had mystical inclinations. The basis for this argument is the previously unstudied Baḥr al-dumūʿ. A detailed examination of selected sections of this work reveals a relatively comprehensive, developed idea of the mystical path. This path sees man, upon being inspired by divine love, as desiring and later encountering God, leading to intoxication and intimacy with Him and, by extension, to mutual love between man and God. Baḥr al-dumūʿ often relies on the metaphors of monasteries and wine to illustrate this journey through which man takes on a new perspective focused on God’s unveiled countenance. This perspective enables him to decipher God’s subtle speech, which gives him a keen understanding of His actions and a spiritual cognizance of Him. Hence, man recognizes God alone as True Being, surrendering all to Him and passing from his own created existence to become a witness on His behalf. While Baḥr al-dumūʿ reveals mystical elements in Ibn al-Jawzī thought, this article nevertheless argues against identifying him on this basis as a Sufi.
40 Years of Change in Age- and Stage-Specific Cancer Incidence Rates in US Women and Men
Authors: Kehm Rebecca D , Yang Wan , Tehranifar Parisa , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Studies have documented a temporal increase in incidence for several cancers in US young adults aged 25 to 39-years, including noncardia gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and distant-stage breast cancer. To further characterize trends in young adults, we assessed age-specific and stage-specific incidence trends from 1975 to 2015, overall (all malignant cancers combined), and for 18 and 16 cancer sites in women and men, respectively.

Methods
We used US population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program to obtain overall and site-specific cancer incidence rates by sex and age group. We individually analyzed cancer sites with an incidence rate of at least 5 per 100 000 in 2015, accounting for greater than 90% of all cancer diagnoses. We estimated annual percent changes (APCs) using segment log-linear regression performed with joinpoint software; multiple permutation testing was used to identify inflection points. We forecasted overall cancer incidence through 2030 using age-period-cohort regression models.

Results
Based on trends occurring after the most recent joinpoint inflection point, overall cancer incidence increased by 1.15% (95% CI = 1.01% to 1.28%) per year in 25- to 39-year-old women and by 0.46% (95% CI = 0.17% to 0.75%) per year in 25- to 39-year-old men; APCs were of much lower magnitude in the older age groups (eg, 70- to 84-year-old women APC = −0.31%, 95% CI = −0.42% to −0.20%). We forecasted that overall cancer incidence will increase by an additional 11% by 2030 in 25- to 39-year-old women, and by an additional 12% in 25- to 39-year-old men. Ten of the 18 cancers assessed in 25- to 39-year-old women and 7 of the 16 cancers in 25- to 39-year-old men have been statistically significantly increasing over time. We found that the increase in incidence for young adults is stage specific for some cancers (eg, only nonlocalized breast cancer has increased in 25- to 39-year-old women).

Conclusion
Cancer incidence is increasing in young adults, particularly in young women.
Formal description of plant morphogenesis
Authors: Pałubicki Wojtek , Kokosza Andrzej , Burian Agata 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlant morphogenesis may be characterized by complex feedback mechanisms between signals specifying growth and by the growth of the plant body itself. Comprehension of such feedback mechanisms is an ongoing research task and can be aided with formal descriptions of morphogenesis. In this review, we present a number of established mathematical paradigms that are useful to the formal representation of plant shape, and of biomechanical and biochemical signaling. Specifically, we discuss work from a range of research areas including plant biology, material sciences, fluid dynamics, and computer graphics. Treating plants as organized systems of information processing allows us to compare these different mathematical methods in terms of their expressive power of biological hypotheses. This is an attempt to bring together a large number of computational modeling concepts and make them accessible to the analytical as well as empirical student of plant morphogenesis.
Genetic insights into the modification of the pre-fertilization mechanisms during plant domestication
Authors: Manrique Silvia , Friel James , Gramazio Pietro , Hasing Tomas , Ezquer Ignacio , Bombarely Aureliano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlant domestication is the process of adapting plants to human use by selecting specific traits. The selection process often involves the modification of some components of the plant reproductive mechanisms. Allelic variants of genes associated with flowering time, vernalization, and the circadian clock are responsible for the adaptation of crops, such as rice, maize, barley, wheat, and tomato, to non-native latitudes. Modifications in the plant architecture and branching have been selected for higher yields and easier harvests. These phenotypes are often produced by alterations in the regulation of the transition of shoot apical meristems to inflorescences, and then to floral meristems. Floral homeotic mutants are responsible for popular double-flower phenotypes in Japanese cherries, roses, camellias, and lilies. The rise of peloric flowers in ornamentals such as snapdragon and florists’ gloxinia is associated with non-functional alleles that control the relative expansion of lateral and ventral petals. Mechanisms to force outcrossing such as self-incompatibility have been removed in some tree crops cultivars such as almonds and peaches. In this review, we revisit some of these important concepts from the plant domestication perspective, focusing on four topics related to the pre-fertilization mechanisms: flowering time, inflorescence architecture, flower development, and pre-fertilization self-incompatibility mechanisms.
Mathematical principles and models of plant growth mechanics: from cell wall dynamics to tissue morphogenesis
Authors: Smithers Euan T , Luo Jingxi , Dyson Rosemary J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlant growth research produces a catalogue of complex open questions. We argue that plant growth is a highly mechanical process, and that mathematics gives an underlying framework with which to probe its fundamental unrevealed mechanisms. This review serves to illustrate the biological insights afforded by mathematical modelling and demonstrate the breadth of mathematically rich problems available within plant sciences, thereby promoting a mutual appreciation across the disciplines. On the one hand, we explain the general mathematical principles behind mechanical growth models; on the other, we describe how modelling addresses specific problems in microscale cell wall mechanics, tip growth, morphogenesis, and stress feedback. We conclude by identifying possible future directions for both biologists and mathematicians, including as yet unanswered questions within various topics, stressing that interdisciplinary collaboration is vital for tackling the challenge of understanding plant growth mechanics.
Universal expansion with spatially varying G
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M , Kazanas Demosthenes 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
We calculate the expansion of the Universe under the assumptions that G varies in space and the radial size r of the Universe is very large (we call this the MOND regime of varying-G gravity). The inferred asymptotic behaviour turns out to be different from that found by McCrea & Milne in 1934 and our equations bear no resemblance to those of the relativistic case. In this cosmology, the scale factor R(t) increases linearly with time t, the radial velocity is driven by inertia, and gravity is incapable of hindering the expansion. Yet, Hubble’s law is borne out without any additional assumptions. When we include a repulsive acceleration ade due to dark energy, the resulting universal expansion is then driven totally by this new term and the solutions for ade → 0 do not reduce to those of the ade ≡ 0 case. This is a realization of a new Thom catastrophe: The inclusion of the new term alters the conservation of energy and the dark energy solutions are not reducible to those in the case without dark energy.
The Birth and Death of Toxins with Distinct Functions: A Case Study in the Sea Anemone Nematostella
Authors: Sachkova Maria Y , Singer Shir A , Macrander Jason , Reitzel Adam M , Peigneur Steve , Tytgat Jan , Moran Yehu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cnidarian Nematostella vectensis has become an established lab model, providing unique opportunities for venom evolution research. The Nematostella venom system is multimodal: involving both nematocytes and ectodermal gland cells, which produce a toxin mixture whose composition changes throughout the life cycle. Additionally, their modes of interaction with predators and prey vary between eggs, larvae, and adults, which is likely shaped by the dynamics of the venom system.Nv1 is a major component of adult venom, with activity against arthropods (through specific inhibition of sodium channel inactivation) and fish. Nv1 is encoded by a cluster of at least 12 nearly identical genes that were proposed to be undergoing concerted evolution. Surprisingly, we found that Nematostella venom includes several Nv1 paralogs escaping a pattern of general concerted evolution, despite belonging to the Nv1-like family. Here, we show two of these new toxins, Nv4 and Nv5, are lethal for zebrafish larvae but harmless to arthropods, unlike Nv1. Furthermore, unlike Nv1, the newly identified toxins are expressed in early life stages. Using transgenesis and immunostaining, we demonstrate that Nv4 and Nv5 are localized to ectodermal gland cells in larvae.The evolution of Nv4 and Nv5 can be described either as neofunctionalization or as subfunctionalization. Additionally, the Nv1-like family includes several pseudogenes being an example of nonfunctionalization and venom evolution through birth-and-death mechanism. Our findings reveal the evolutionary history for a toxin radiation and point toward the ecological function of the novel toxins constituting a complex cnidarian venom.
Arabidopsis Class I Formin FH1 Relocates between Membrane Compartments during Root Cell Ontogeny and Associates with Plasmodesmata
Authors: Oulehlov� Denisa , Koll�rov� Eva , Cifrov� Petra , Pejchar Přemysl , Ž�rsk� Viktor , Cvrčkov� Fatima 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Formins are evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic proteins engaged in actin nucleation and other aspects of cytoskeletal organization. Angiosperms have two formin clades with multiple paralogs; typical plant Class I formins are integral membrane proteins that can anchor cytoskeletal structures to membranes. For the main Arabidopsis housekeeping Class I formin, FH1 (At3g25500), plasmalemma localization was documented in heterologous expression and overexpression studies. We previously showed that loss of FH1 function increases cotyledon epidermal pavement cell shape complexity via modification of actin and microtubule organization and dynamics. Here, we employ transgenic Arabidopsis expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged FH1 (FH1-GFP) from its native promoter to investigate in vivo behavior of this formin using advanced microscopy techniques. The fusion protein is functional, since its expression complements the fh1 loss-of-function mutant phenotype. Accidental overexpression of FH1-GFP results in a decrease in trichome branch number, while fh1 mutation has the opposite effect, indicating a general role of this formin in controlling cell shape complexity. Consistent with previous reports, FH1-GFP associates with membranes. However, the protein exhibits surprising actin- and secretory pathway-dependent dynamic localization and relocates between cellular endomembranes and the plasmalemma during cell division and differentiation in root tissues, with transient tonoplast localization at the transition/elongation zones border. FH1-GFP also accumulates in actin-rich regions of cortical cytoplasm and associates with plasmodesmata in both the cotyledon epidermis and root tissues. Together with previous reports from metazoan systems, this suggests that formins might have a shared (ancestral or convergent) role at cell–cell junctions.
A new in vitro model of polymyositis reveals CD8+ T cell invasion into muscle cells and its cytotoxic role
Authors: Kamiya Mari , Mizoguchi Fumitaka , Takamura Akito , Kimura Naoki , Kawahata Kimito , Kohsaka Hitoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe hallmark histopathology of PM is the presence of CD8+ T cells in the non-necrotic muscle cells. The aim of this study was to clarify the pathological significance of CD8+ T cells in muscle cells.MethodsC2C12 cells were transduced retrovirally with the genes encoding MHC class I (H2Kb) and SIINFEKL peptide derived from ovalbumin (OVA), and then differentiated to myotubes (H2KbOVA-myotubes). H2KbOVA-myotubes were co-cultured with OT-I CD8+ T cells derived from OVA-specific class I restricted T cell receptor transgenic mice as an in vitro model of PM to examine whether the CD8+ T cells invade into the myotubes and if the myotubes with the invasion are more prone to die than those without. Muscle biopsy samples from patients with PM were examined for the presence of CD8+ T cells in muscle cells. The clinical profiles were compared between the patients with and without CD8+ T cells in muscle cells.ResultsAnalysis of the in vitro model of PM with confocal microscopy demonstrated the invasion of OT-I CD8+ T cells into H2KbOVA-myotubes. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed an electron-lucent area between the invaded CD8+ T cell and the cytoplasm of H2KbOVA-myotubes. The myotubes invaded with OT-I CD8+ T cells died earlier than the uninvaded myotubes. The level of serum creatinine kinase was higher in patients with CD8+ T cells in muscle cells than those without these cells.ConclusionCD8+ T cells invade into muscle cells and contribute to muscle injury in PM. Our in vitro model of PM is useful to examine the mechanisms underlying muscle injury induced by CD8+ T cells.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of Camellia sinensis L. cv. ‘Suchazao’ exposed to temperature stresses reveals modification in protein synthesis and photosynthetic and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways
Authors: Shen Jiazhi , Zhang Dayan , Zhou Lin , Zhang Xuzhou , Liao Jieren , Duan Yu , Wen Bo , Ma Yuanchun , Wang Yuhua , Fang Wanping , Zhu Xujun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To determine the mechanisms in tea plants responding to temperature stresses (heat and cold), we examined the global transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of the tea plant cultivar ‘Suchazao’ under moderately low temperature stress (ML), severely low temperature stress (SL), moderately high temperature stress (MH) and severely high temperature stress (SH) using RNA-seq and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), respectively. The identified differentially expressed genes indicated that the synthesis of stress-resistance protein might be redirected to cope with the temperature stresses. We found that heat shock protein genes Hsp90 and Hsp70 played more critical roles in tea plants in adapting to thermal stress than cold, while late embryogenesis abundant protein genes (LEA) played a greater role under cold than heat stress, more types of zinc finger genes were induced under cold stress as well. In addition, energy metabolisms were inhibited by SH, SL and ML. Furthermore, the mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis were different under the cold and heat stresses. Indeed, the CsUGT75C1 gene, encoding UDP-glucose:anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyl transferase, was up-regulated in the SL-treated leaves but down-regulated in SH. Metabolomics analysis also showed that anthocyanin monomer levels increased under SL. These results indicate that the tea plants share certain foundational mechanisms to adjust to both cold and heat stresses. They also developed some specific mechanisms for surviving the cold or heat stresses. Our study provides effective information about the different mechanisms tea plants employ in surviving cold and heat stresses, as well as the different mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis, which could speed up the genetic breeding of heat- and cold-tolerant tea varieties.
Characterization of the developmental dynamics of the elongation of a bamboo internode during the fast growth stage
Authors: Wei Qiang , Guo Lin , Jiao Chen , Fei Zhangjun , Chen Ming , Cao Junjie , Ding Yulong , Yuan Qisen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies on the fast growth of bamboo shoots mainly focused on the entire culm. No work about the fast elongation of a single internode, which is the basic unit for the fast growth of bamboo shoots, has been reported so far according to our knowledge. In this study, we have systematically investigated the regulating mechanisms underlying the fast growth of a single bamboo internode of Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult. We discovered that the growth of the internode displays a logistic pattern, and the two sections located in the bottom of the internode, one for cell division and, another for cell elongation, each with an ~1-cm length, comprise the effective zones for the internode growth. RNA-Seq analysis identified a number of genes potentially involved in regulating the fast growth of bamboo internode such as those that have positive roles in promoting cell growth or division, which were dramatically down-regulated in the internode at fast growth decreasing stage. Further analysis revealed that sugar plays an important role in promoting the fast growth of bamboo internodes through inhibition of BmSnf1. Mechanical stress is found to be involved in the triggering of the internode growth decrease through activation of the generation of reactive oxygen species by upregulating Calmodulins. These results provide systematic insight into the biological mechanisms underlying the fast growth of bamboo shoots based on the behavior of a single internode.
Opioid Prescribing Patterns Among Postpartum Women
Authors: Badreldin N. , Grobman W.A. , Chang K.T. , Yee L.M. 
Published: May 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219:103.e1–103.e8)
The United States is experiencing an opioid epidemic, which is thought to be caused in part by an increase in opioid prescriptions. There is a lack of data regarding opioid prescriptions after vaginal delivery. This study examined patterns of opioid prescription at the time of discharge for women delivering via cesarean section or vaginally, and related those patterns to measures of pain before discharge.
Dantrolene and Malignant Hyperthermia Carts
Authors: Wong C.A. 
Published: May 2019

(Anesthesiology. 2018;129:225–227)
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is unpredictable, rare, and has a high fatality rate. Fortunately, mortality related to MH has decreased in the past 3 decades, primarily because of increased availability of dantrolene and the education of operating room staff and anesthesia providers. The Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States has specified that dantrolene must be available within 10 minutes of all anesthetizing locations.
A Review of the Impact of Obstetric Anesthesia on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Lim G. , Facco F.L. , Nathan N. , Waters J.H. , Wong C.A. , Eltzschig H.K. 
Published: May 2019

(Anesthesiology. 2018;129:192–215)
Since the beginning of obstetric anesthesiology in 1847, the discipline has gone through many changes and employed many different techniques, connecting the fields of obstetrics, maternal fetal medicine, general surgery, neonatology and anesthesiology. Obstetric anesthesia includes a wide range of patient care issues. Clinicians concern themselves with both maternal and neonatal outcomes, and with the prevention as well as management of complications during labor and delivery. This review summarizes advancements in obstetric anesthesia over the past 20 years, including the areas of labor analgesia and anesthesia, anesthesia for cesarean delivery, obstetric anesthesia outcomes, and maternal safety.
Diagnostic Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Applications in Obstetric Anaesthetic Management
Authors: Zieleskiewicz L. , Bouvet L. , Einav S. , Duclos G. , Leone M. 
Published: May 2019

(Anaesthesia. 2018;73:1265–1279)
Even in low-risk centers, pregnancies can become complicated seriously and quickly, without time to obtain diagnostic help from specialists. While ultrasound has been routinely used in fetal monitoring, it can also be a useful tool in maternal bedside diagnosis and screening. This report reviews the use of ultrasound in assessing patients’ gastric contents and airways, managing breathless patients, diagnosing shock, and predicting fluid responsiveness.
Increased Single-balloon Foley Catheter Volume for Induction of Labor and Time to Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schoen C.N. , Saccone G. , Backley S. , Sandberg E.M. , Gu N. , Delaney S. , Berghella V. 
Published: May 2019

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:1051–1060)
The Foley catheter is commonly used for cervical ripening in women undergoing labor induction. In an attempt to raise the Bishop score at a faster rate and decrease the time to delivery, Foley balloons are often overinflated, or balloons that accept larger volumes are used. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined randomized controlled trials to determine whether or not this practice is effective in decreasing the time between the start of labor induction and delivery.
Cardiac Arrest During Pregnancy: Ongoing Clinical Conundrum
Authors: Zelop C.M. , Einav S. , Mhyre J.M. , Martin S. 
Published: May 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219(1):52–61)
Maternal mortality is complex and involves many factors, including comorbidities, access to health care, and racial, socioeconomic, and ethnic disparities. While the global maternal mortality ratio has declined, the maternal mortality ratio in the United States has increased over the last 25 years. The rate of survival of maternal cardiac arrest (MCA) has previously been seen as poor; however, new evidence suggests the pregnant population may have greater survival than others requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This report reviewed techniques for the clinical management of MCA while highlighting existing knowledge gaps. As there is a lack of randomized clinical trials for guiding management of cardiac arrest during pregnancy, data for this review largely came from expert opinions, small case series, simulation studies, and cohort studies.