bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Death of Leviathan: Feminist Dilemmas and State Phobia
Authors: Dhawan Nikita 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis essay takes the growing popularity of “hijab/refugee porn” in the West as a point of departure to revisit the historical feminist debate on pornography. While Catharine MacKinnon criticizes pornography as an eroticization of violence and advocates state intervention, Judith Butler warns of the dangers of state censorship, alternatively proposing nonjuridical forms of opposition. Instead of taking up unequivocal positions for or against the state, this essay addresses the political costs of evacuating the state as a site of redress of racial and sexual injustice and examines the risks of state phobia for postcolonial queer--feminist politics.
Opioid-Dependent Patients Require Slow Tapering Of Drug Dose
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: July 2019

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is reminding health care providers that patients receiving long-term opioids for pain could experience significant withdrawal symptoms if the drugs are stopped too abruptly.The FDA recommends a 10% to 25% dose reduction every two to four weeks for opioid-dependent patients.
Awake videolaryngoscopy versus fiberoptic bronchoscopy
Authors: Moore Albert , Schricker Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review
The difficult airway remains an ongoing concern in daily anesthesia practice, with awake intubation being an important component of its management. Classically, fiberoptic bronchoscope-assisted tracheal intubation was the method of choice in the awake patient. The development of new generation videolaryngoscopes has revolutionized the approach to tracheal intubation in the anesthetized patient. The question whether videolaryngoscopes have a place in the intubation of the difficult airway in the awake patient is currently being addressed.

Recent findings
Randomized controlled trials and their meta-analysis have shown that videolaryngoscopes provide similar success rates and faster intubation times when compared with fiberoptic bronchoscope intubation in awake patients with difficult airways.

Summary
Videolaryngoscopy is a valid technique that should be considered for difficult airway management in the awake patient.
Barriers and Facilitators to Cochlear Implant Uptake in Australia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Bierbaum Mia , McMahon Catherine M. , Hughes Sarah , Boisvert Isabelle , Lau Annie Y. S. , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Rapport Frances 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
Hearing loss (HL) affects a significant proportion of adults aged >50 years by impairing communication and social connectedness and, due to its high prevalence, is a growing global concern. Cochlear implants (CIs) are effective devices for many people with severe or greater sensorineural HL who experience limited benefits from hearing aids. Despite this, uptake rates globally are low among adults. This multimethod, multicountry qualitative study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators to CI uptake among adults aged ≥50 years.

Design:
Adult CI and hearing aid users with postlingual severe or greater sensorineural HL, general practitioners, and audiologists were recruited in Australia using purposive sampling, and a comparative sample of audiologists was recruited in England and Wales in the United Kingdom. Participants were interviewed individually, or in a focus group, completed a demographic questionnaire and a qualitative survey. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:
A total of 143 data capture events were collected from 55 participants. The main barriers to CI uptake related to patients’ concerns about surgery and loss of residual hearing. Limited knowledge of CIs, eligibility criteria, and referral processes acted as barriers to CIs assessment referrals by healthcare professionals. Facilitators for CI uptake included patients’ desire for improved communication and social engagement, and increased healthcare professional knowledge and awareness of CIs.

Conclusions:
There are numerous complex barriers and facilitators to CI uptake. Knowledge of these can inform the development of targeted strategies to increase CI referral and surgery for potential beneficiaries.
Admission NarxCare Narcotics Scores are not Associated With Adverse Surgical Outcomes or Self-reported Patient Satisfaction Following Elective Spine Surgery
Authors: Galivanche Anoop R. , Mercier Michael R. , Adrados Murillo , Pathak Neil , McLynn Ryan P. , Anandasivam Nidharshan S. , Varthi Arya G. , Rubin Lee E. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: July 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate how elective spine surgery patient preoperative opioid use (as determined by admission NarxCare narcotics use scores) correlated with 30-day perioperative outcomes and postoperative patient satisfaction.

Summary of Background Data.
The effect of preoperative narcotics usage on postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction following spine surgery has been of question. The NarxCare platform analyzes the patients’ state Physician Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) records to assign numerical scores that approximate a patient's overall opioid drug usage.

Methods.
Elective spine surgery cases performed at a single institution between October 2017 and March 2018 were evaluated. NarxCare narcotics use scores at the time of admission were assessed. Patient characteristics, as well as 30-day adverse events, readmissions, reoperations, and mortality, were abstracted from the medical record. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey data were also abstracted when available.
Cases were binned based on the following ranges of admission NarxCare scores: 0, 1 to 99, 100 to 299, 300 to 499, and 500+. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to compare the odds of having an adverse events, readmission, reoperation, and mortality between the different narcotics groups. One-way analysis of variance analyses were performed to compare HCAHPS survey response rates and HCAHPS survey results between the different narcotics score groups.

Results.
In total, 346 patients met criteria for inclusion in the study (NarxScore 0: n = 74, 1–99: n = 58, 300–499: n = 117, and 500+: n = 21). Multivariate logistic regressions did not detect statistically significant differential odds of experiencing adverse events, readmission, reoperation, or mortality between the different groups of admissions narcotics scores. Analyses of variance did not detect statistically significant differences in HCAHPS survey response rates, total HCAHPS scores, or HCAHP subgroup scores between the different narcotics score groups.

Conclusion.
Although there are many reasons to address preoperative patient narcotic utilization, the present study did not detect perioperative outcome differences or patient satisfaction based on the narcotic use scores as stratified here.

Level of Evidence: 3
Are Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Suitable for Cardiac Output Assessment With Transpulmonary Thermodilution?*
Authors: D’Arrigo Sonia , Sandroni Claudio , Cacciola Sofia , Dell’Anna Antonio Maria , Pittiruti Mauro , Annetta Maria Giuseppina , Colosimo Cesare , Antonelli Massimo 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
Peripherally inserted central catheters are increasingly used in ICU as an alternative to centrally inserted central catheters for IV infusion. However, their reliability for hemodynamic measurements with transpulmonary thermodilution is currently unknown. We investigated the agreement between transpulmonary thermodilution measurements obtained with bolus injection through peripherally inserted central catheter and centrally inserted central catheter (reference standard) using a transpulmonary thermodilution–calibrated Pulse Contour hemodynamic monitoring system (VolumeView/EV1000).

Design:
Prospective method-comparison study.

Setting:
Twenty-bed medical-surgical ICU of a teaching hospital.

Patients:
Twenty adult ICU patients who required hemodynamic monitoring because of hemodynamic instability and had both peripherally inserted central catheter and centrally inserted central catheter in place.

Intervention:
The hemodynamic measurements obtained by transpulmonary thermodilution after injection of a cold saline bolus via both centrally inserted central catheter and either a single-lumen 4F or a double-lumen 5F peripherally inserted central catheter using were compared. In order to rule out bias related to manual injection, measurements were repeated using an automated rapid injection system.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 320 measurements were made. Cardiac index was significantly higher when measured with double-lumen 5F peripherally inserted central catheter than with centrally inserted central catheter (mean, 4.5 vs 3.3 L/min/m2; p < 0.0001; bias, 1.24 L/min/m2 [0.27, 2.22 L/min/m2]; bias percentage, 31%). Global end-diastolic index, extravascular lung water index, and stroke volume index were also overestimated (853 ± 240 vs 688 ± 175 mL/m2, 12.2 ± 4.2 vs 9.4 ± 2.9 mL/kg, and 49.6 ± 14.9 vs 39.5 ± 9.6 mL/m2, respectively; p < 0.0001). Lower, albeit significant differences were found using single-lumen 4F peripherally inserted central catheter (mean cardiac index, 4.2 vs 3.7 L/min/m2; p = 0.043; bias, 0.51 L/min/m2 [–0.53, 1.55 L/min/m2]; bias percentage, 12.7%). All differences were confirmed, even after standardization of bolus speed with automated injection.

Conclusions:
Bolus injection through peripherally inserted central catheter for transpulmonary thermodilution using EV1000 led to a significant overestimation of cardiac index, global end-diastolic index, extravascular lung water index, and stroke volume index, especially when double-lumen 5F peripherally inserted central catheter was used (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03834675).
Assessment of Functionality in Elderly Patients When Determining Appropriate Treatment for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
Authors: Renzi Michael A. , Belcher Matthew , Brod Bruce , Chadwick Preston W. , Decker Ashley , Dolan Cynthia A. , Ilyas Erum N. , Magee Anna M. , McBurney Elizabeth I. , Regan Thomas D. , Seidenberg Roy S. , Somani Ally-Khan , Sommer Lacy L. , Srivastava Divya , Lawrence Naomi 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND
The treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in the elderly population is a source of significant debate. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a highly effective treatment option yet not every patient with a cutaneous malignancy that meets appropriate use criteria (AUC) should be treated with surgery.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to use the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale to categorize the functional status of patients aged 75 years and older who required treatment of NMSC. The authors wanted to see whether functionality played a role on the treatment selection.

METHODS
Patients aged 75 years and older presenting for biopsy of a suspected NMSC that met AUC for MMS were included in the study. Trained medical assistants used the KPS scale to assess patient functionality. Treatment modality was recorded once the biopsy confirmed the NMSC.

RESULTS
A cohort of 203 subjects met inclusion criteria for the study. There was a statistically significant difference in utilization of surgical treatments between high and low functionality patients (p = .03).

CONCLUSION
Dermatologists consider patient functionality when selecting a treatment for NMSC and use less invasive modalities for patients with poor functional status, even when the tumor meets AUC.
Nitroglycerin, or Not, When Treating Impending Filler Necrosis
Authors: Carley Sama K. , Kraus Christina N. , Cohen Joel L. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND
Dermal necrosis is a rare yet serious risk associated with cosmetic filler injections, and although current consensus recommends the use of hyaluronidase injections in cases of hyaluronic acid filler, the efficacy of topical nitroglycerin as a treatment has not yet been fully investigated.

OBJECTIVE
To review the literature on tissue necrosis resulting from soft tissue augmentation and to highlight the use of topical nitroglycerin as a first-line treatment.

METHODS
A review of the literature was performed with no time limitations resulting in 35 articles and 66 patients who experienced tissue necrosis secondary to injectable fillers. Articles were reviewed for pertinent information and presented.

RESULTS
Only 7 of the 66 reported cases (10%) used topical nitroglycerin as a treatment. Six of 7 (85%) were successful in halting the impending necrosis. Fifty-nine patients received alternative treatments, with hyaluronidase injection being the most common. Few reports of novel treatments for necrosis included the use of topical growth factors and injection of adipose-derived stem cells.

CONCLUSION
Topical nitroglycerin is a potentially effective and underused treatment for tissue necrosis from soft tissue augmentation, but because data are very limited, topical nitroglycerin should be used in conjunction with hyaluronidase injections in cases of hyaluronic acid filler dermal necrosis.
Curdione Ameliorated Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
Authors: Wu Zimei , Zai Wenjing , Chen Wei , Han Yuxuan , Jin Xin , Liu Hongrui 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a representative antibiotic of terpenoids and clinically used in the treatment of various malignant tumors. However, its application is limited by the cardiotoxocity. Curdione, an extract from Rhizoma Curcumae, has many promising pharmacological effects including protecting acute liver injury and cerebral ischemia. It is still unknown whether curdione has a protective function for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In our study, we investigated the protective effects of curdione against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Our results showed that curdione attenuated DOX-induced growth inhibition and release of lactic dehydrogenase in a concentration-dependent manner. And curdione ameliorated the histopathological damage, reduced the elevation of serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase by DOX. Furthermore, curdione inhibited DOX-induced cell apoptosis and modulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, as well as abrogated DOX-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and prevented mitochondria dysfunction. Further study indicated that curdione decreased DOX-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (Erk1/2) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase and activated nuclear factor-erythroid 2–related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signal pathway. Our results suggested that curdione maybe is a new and feasible strategy to prevent DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through monitoring multiple targets.
NLRP3 Inflammasome in Cardioprotective Signaling
Authors: Zuurbier Coert J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
The NLRP3 inflammasome may contribute to infarct development during acute cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Because infarct size strongly correlates with the degree of heart failure in the long term, therapies that reduce reperfusion injury are still needed as first primary care against heart failure development. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is currently viewed as such a potential therapy. However, previous research studies directed at inhibition of various inflammatory pathways in acute cardiac IR injury were often disappointing. This is because inflammation is a double-edged sword, detrimental when hyperactive, but beneficial at lower activity, with activity critically dependent on time of reperfusion and cellular location. Moreover, several inflammatory mediators can also mediate cardioprotective signaling. It is reasonable that this also applies to the NLRP3 inflammasome, although current literature has mainly focused on its detrimental effects in the context of acute cardiac IR. Therefore, in this review, we focus on beneficial, cardioprotective properties of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its components NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. The results show that (1) NLRP3 deficiency prevents cardioprotection in isolated heart by ischemic preconditioning and in vivo heart by TLR2 activation, associated with impaired STAT3 or Akt signaling, respectively; (2) ASC deficiency also prevents in vivo TLR2-mediated protection; and (3) caspase-1 inhibition results in decreased infarction but impaired protection through the Akt pathway during mild ischemic insults. In conclusion, the NLRP3 inflammasome is not only detrimental, it can also be involved in cardioprotective signaling, thus fueling the future challenge to acquire a full understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome role in cardiac IR before embarking on clinical trials using NLRP3 inhibitors.
Alirocumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the Virginia Commonwealth University Alirocumab Response Trial (VCU-AlirocRT)
Authors: Trankle Cory R. , Wohlford George , Buckley Leo F. , Kadariya Dinesh , Ravindra Krishna , Markley Roshanak , Park Tae Shik , Potere Nicola , Van Tassell Benjamin W. , Abbate Antonio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
Alirocumab improves outcomes in patients with a history of recent acute coronary syndrome, but treatment acutely at the time of myocardial infarction is untested. We present the results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot study of alirocumab treatment at the time of non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI). Twenty patients with type 1 NSTEMI and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >70 mg/dL despite high intensity statin therapy were randomized 1:1 to one dose of alirocumab 150 mg subcutaneously or placebo within 24 hours of presentation. LDL-C and inflammatory biomarkers—including C-reactive protein—were obtained at baseline, 72 hours, and 14 days. Median (interquartile range) and number (%) were: age 59 (49, 65) years, 7 (35%) men, 16 (80%) black; baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Alirocumab significantly reduced LDL-C from baseline to 14 days by 64 mg/dL (−96, −47) compared with placebo [+1 mg/dL (−25, +16)] (primary endpoint). There were no significant between-group differences in C-reactive protein changes at any time point (all P > 0.2) or serious adverse events attributable to the study treatment. In conclusion, alirocumab administration at the time of NSTEMI significantly reduced LDL-C levels at 14 days, was safe, and had neutral effects on inflammatory biomarkers. Further studies are warranted to explore the effects on clinical outcomes.
Carthamin Yellow Protects the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury With Reduced Reactive Oxygen Species Release and Inflammatory Response
Authors: Lu Qi Yu , Ma Jian Qiang , Duan Yu Yin , Sun Yi , Yu Songhua , Li Bin , Zhang Gui Min 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
Carthamin yellow (CY) is a flavonoid compound isolated from safflower, which is widely used clinically in China. It has various pharmacological effects including promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and alleviating pain. Ischemic heart disease is one of the main culprits of illness and death. Here, in this study, ex vivo and in vivo models were used to investigate whether CY reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury. In vitro experiments further verify and explain the potential mechanisms of CY cardioprotective function. Isolated hearts from male rats with or without CY pretreatment before ischemia which underwent 30-minute ischemia followed by 60-minute reperfusion showed that CY pretreatment significantly reduced the infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase release. The in vivo experiments also indicated CY preadministration (i.v.) reduced infarct size and improved the heart function, which was impaired by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The in vitro model on myocardial cell also showed that CY reduced ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing the lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) releasing. Eliminating ROS with N-acetylcysteine or preinject CY into rat jugular vein reduces the expression of IL-6, TNF-a, and, especially, IL-1b in an in vivo I/R model. Also, CY pretreatment strongly reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced NLRP3 up-expression and caspase-1 activation. Our results indicated CY reduced ischemia–reperfusion injury when administered before reperfusion. The reduction in injury is accompanied by a reduced ROS release and decreased inflammatory response.
Practical Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Medical Management of Stable Angina: An Expert Panel Consensus
Authors: Farmakis Dimitrios , Andrikopoulos George , Giamouzis Gregory , Giannakoulas George , Poulimenos Leonidas , Skalidis Emmanouil , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Parissis John 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
Stable angina affects a significant number of coronary artery disease patients, impairing their quality of life and worsening their prognosis. It manifests even despite a history of revascularization and is often poorly controlled with drug therapy. Comorbid conditions are frequently encountered in coronary artery disease patients, affecting their prognosis and rendering the diagnosis and management of angina more challenging. In this article, derived by an expert panel meeting, we attempt a practical approach to stable angina, focusing on symptomatic patients subjected to previous coronary revascularization or not suitable for revascularization and providing handy diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms and comorbidity-adjusted therapeutic approaches in accordance with existing evidence, current recommendations, and locally available therapeutic options.
Association of MMP-1 (rs1799750)-1607 2G/2G and MMP-3 (rs3025058)-1612 6A/6A Genotypes With Coronary Artery Disease Risk Among Iranian Turks
Authors: Ghaffarzadeh Ayda , Bagheri Morteza , Khadem-Vatani Kamal , Abdi Rad Isa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
The study was conducted to evaluate the association between MMP-1 (rs1799750)−1607 1G/2G and MMP-3 (rs3025058)−1612 5A/6A polymorphisms/haplotypes and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk among Iranian Turks. Totally, 102 patients with CAD and 102 healthy subjects joined the study. Genomic DNA isolation was carried out using “salting out” method from 3 to 4 mL of whole blood samples. The MMP-1 (−1607 2G/1G) and MMP-3 (−1612 5A/6A) promoter gene polymorphisms were detected via polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results indicated that the frequencies of the MMP-1 (−1607) 2G alleles and 2G/2G genotypes and the MMP-3 (−1612) 6A alleles and 6A/6A genotypes were higher in CAD patients older than 50 years than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). We failed to show statistically significant differences between the CAD patients younger than 50 years and controls concerning MMP-1 −1607 ins/delG (1G > 2 G, rs1799750) and MMP-3 −1612 ins/delA (5A/6A, rs3025058) polymorphisms (P > 0.05). The frequencies of MMP-3/MMP-1 haplotypes were not statistically different among tested groups (P > 0.05). This examination, as the first study of its own kind in Iranian Turks, reported association between MMP-1 (rs1799750) −1607 2G/2G and MMP-3 (rs3025058) −1612 6A/6A genotypes and CAD risk in patients older than 50 years.