bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast identification of dermatophytes by MALDI‐TOF/MS using direct transfer of fungal cells on ground steel target plates
Authors: da Cunha Keith C. , Riat Arnaud , Normand Anne‐Cecile , Bosshard Philipp P. , de Almeida Margarete T. G. , Piarroux Renaud , Schrenzel Jacques , Fontao Lionel 
Published: May 2018

SummaryDermatophytes cause human infections limited to keratinised tissues. We showed that the direct transfer method allows reliable identification of non‐dermatophytes mould and yeast by MALDI‐TOF/MS. We aimed at assessing whether the direct transfer method can be used for dermatophytes and whether an own mass spectra library would be superior to the Bruker library. We used the Bruker Biotyper to build a dermatophyte mass spectra library and assessed its performance by 1/testing a panel of mass spectrum produced with strains genotypically identified and, 2/comparing MALDI‐TOF/MS identification to morphology‐based methods. Identification of dermatophytes using the Bruker library is poor. Our library provided 97% concordance between ITS sequencing and MALDI‐TOF/MS analysis with a panel of 1104 spectra corresponding to 276 strains. Direct transfer method using unpolished target plates allowed proper identification of 85% of dermatophytes clinical isolates most of which were common dermatophytes. A homemade dermatophyte MSP library is a prerequisite for accurate identification of species absent in the Bruker library but it also improves identification of species already listed in the database. The direct deposit method can be used to identify the most commonly found dermatophytes such as T. rubrum and T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes by MALDI‐TOF/MS.
Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer in the era of multimodality management
Authors: Borggreve Alicia S. , Kingma B. Feike , Domrachev Serg A. , Koshkin Mikhail A. , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Hillegersberg Richard , Takeda Flavio R. , Goense Lucas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the last decades, the treatment of resectable esophageal cancer has evolved into a multidisciplinary process in which all players are essential for treatment to be successful. Medical oncologists and radiation oncologists have been increasingly involved since the implementation of neoadjuvant therapy, which has been shown to improve survival. Although esophagectomy is still considered the cornerstone of curative treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer, it remains associated with considerable postoperative morbidity, despite promising results of minimally invasive techniques. In this light, both physical status and response to neoadjuvant therapy may be important factors for selecting patients who will benefit from surgery. Furthermore, it is important to optimize the entire perioperative trajectory: from the initial outpatient clinic visit to postoperative discharge. Enhanced recovery after surgery is increasingly recognized for esophagectomy and emphasizes perioperative aspects, such as nutrition, physiotherapy, and pain management. To date, several facets of esophageal cancer treatment remain topics of debate, such as the preferred neoadjuvant treatment, anastomotic technique, extent of lymphadenectomy, organization of postoperative care, and the role of surgery beyond locally advanced disease. Here, we describe the current and future perspectives in the surgical treatment of patients with esophageal cancer in the context of the available literature.
The microscopic anatomy of the esophagus including the individual layers, specialized tissues, and unique components and their responses to injury
Authors: Zhang Xuchen , Patil Deepa , Odze Robert D. , Zhao Lei , Lisovsky Mikhail , Guindi Maha , Riddell Robert , Bellizzi Andrew , Yantiss Rhonda K. , Nalbantoglu Ilke , Appelman Henry D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe esophagus, a straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach, has the complex architecture common to the rest of the gastrointestinal tract with special differences that relate to its function as a conduit of ingested substances. For instance, it has submucosal glands that are unique and have a specific protective function. It has a squamous lining that exists nowhere else in the gut except the anus and it has a different submucosal nerve plexus when compared to the stomach and intestines. All of the layers of the esophageal wall and the specialized structures including blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves have specific responses to injury. The esophagus also has unique features such as patches of gastric mucosa called inlet patches at the very proximal part and it has a special sphincter mechanism at the most distal aspect. This review covers the normal microscopic anatomy of the esophagus and the patterns of reaction to stress and injury of each layer and each special structure.
Stress‐related salivary proteins affect the production of volatile sulfur compounds by oral bacteria
Authors: de Lima Patricia Oliveira , Nani Bruno Dias , Almeida Barbara , Marcondes Fernanda Klein , Groppo Francisco Carlos , de Moraes Antonio Bento Alves , Franz‐Montan Michelle , Cogo‐Müller Karina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether stress‐related substances and sex hormones influence the growth and in vitro production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) by Solobacterium moorei and Fusobacterium nucleatum.Materials and MethodsBacteria growth and VSCs production were evaluated in the presence of alpha‐amylase, beta‐defensin‐2, mucin, estradiol, and progesterone. Growth was evaluated by colony counting, and the production of the VSCs hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) was measured using the Oral Chroma™ instrument.ResultsMucin induced the production of H2S by both bacteria, but had a slight inhibitory effect on CH3SH production by F. nucleatum. It also increased the viability of F. nucleatum. Alpha‐amylase increased H2S production by S. moorei and CH3SH production by F. nucleatum, but had no effect on H2S production by F. nucleatum. No substance altered the viability of S. moorei. No effects of beta‐defensin‐2, estradiol, or progesterone were observed.ConclusionThe salivary stress‐related proteins mucin and alpha‐amylase altered VSCs production by F. nucleatum and S. moorei, favoring H2S production. These findings are a step toward understanding the relation between stress and increased amounts of H2S.
Stem radial growth and water storage responses to heat and drought vary between conifers with differing hydraulic strategies
Authors: Manrique‐Alba Àngela , Sevanto Sanna , Adams Henry D. , Collins Adam D. , Dickman Lee T. , Chirino Esteban , Bellot Juan , McDowell Nate G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigated stem radial growth and water storage dynamics of 2 conifer species differing in hydraulic carbon strategies, Juniperus monosperma and Pinus edulis, under conditions of ambient, drought (∼45% reduction in precipitation), heat (∼4.8 °C temperature increase), and the combination of drought + heat, in 2013 and 2014. Juniper maintained low growth across all treatments. Overall, the relatively isohydric piñon pine showed significantly greater growth and water storage recharge than the relatively anisohydric juniper across all treatments in the average climate year (2014) but no differences in the regionally dry year (2013). Piñon pine ceased growth at a constant predawn water potential across all treatments and at a less negative water potential threshold than juniper. Heat has a greater negative impact on piñon pines' growth and water storage than drought, whereas juniper was, in contrast, unaffected by heat but strongly impacted by drought. The whole‐plant hydraulic carbon strategies, in this case captured using the isohydric/anisohydric concept, translate into alternative growth and water storage strategies under drought and heat conditions.
Polypharmacy and psychotropic drug loading in patients with schizophrenia in Asian countries: Fourth survey of Research on Asian Prescription Patterns on antipsychotics
Authors: Yang Shu‐Yu , Chen Lian‐Yu , Najoan Eunice , Kallivayalil Roy Abraham , Viboonma Kittisak , Jamaluddin Ruzita , Javed Afzal , Hoa Duong Thi Quynh , Iida Hitoshi , Sim Kang , Swe Thiha , He Yan‐Ling , Park Yongchon , Ahmed Helal Uddin , De Alwis Angelo , Chiu Helen Fung‐Kum , Sartorius Norman , Tan Chay‐Hoon , Chong Mian‐Yoon , Shinfuku Naotaka , Lin Shih‐Ku 
Published: May 2018

AimThe aim of the present study was to survey the prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy and combined medication use across 15 Asian countries and areas in 2016.MethodsBy using the results from the fourth survey of Research on Asian Prescription Patterns on antipsychotics, the rates of polypharmacy and combined medication use in each country were analyzed. Daily medications prescribed for the treatment of inpatients or outpatients with schizophrenia, including antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antiparkinson agents, were collected. Fifteen countries from Asia participated in this study.ResultsA total of 3744 patients’ prescription forms were examined. The prescription patterns differed across these Asian countries, with the highest rate of polypharmacy noted in Vietnam (59.1%) and the lowest in Myanmar (22.0%). Furthermore, the combined use of other medications, expressed as highest and lowest rate, respectively, was as follows: mood stabilizers, China (35.0%) and Bangladesh (1.0%); antidepressants, South Korea (36.6%) and Bangladesh (0%); anxiolytics, Pakistan (55.7%) and Myanmar (8.5%); hypnotics, Japan (61.1%) and, equally, Myanmar (0%) and Sri Lanka (0%); and antiparkinson agents, Bangladesh (87.9%) and Vietnam (10.9%). The average psychotropic drug loading of all patients was 2.01 ± 1.64, with the highest and lowest loadings noted in Japan (4.13 ± 3.13) and Indonesia (1.16 ± 0.68), respectively.ConclusionDifferences in psychiatrist training as well as the civil culture and health insurance system of each country may have contributed to the differences in these rates. The concept of drug loading can be applied to other medical fields.
Autoimmune thyroiditis following HLA‐matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Knight Tristan , Kotz Katherine , Savaşan Süreyya 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWAS is a fatal X‐linked combined immunodeficiency syndrome, the only cures for which are HSCT or gene therapy. AID occur in up to 72% of patients with WAS who do not receive HSCT, likely arising secondary to impaired multilineage immune autoregulatory function; AITD is not typically seen. In this article, we describe the case of a male patient who underwent HLA‐matched HSCT for WAS at the age of 5 months, with his sister (a WAS carrier) acting as his donor and subsequently developed AITD 12 months post‐transplant, with marked elevation of antithyroid peroxidase antibody titer. His donor sister was subsequently found to have elevated antithyroid peroxidase antibody titer with increasing trend and normal thyroid function. Although several mechanisms exist by which our patient may have developed AITD, we suggest the transfer of autoreactive donor immune cells as the most plausible explanation.
The use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin with or without hepatitis B vaccine to prevent de novo hepatitis B in pediatric recipients of anti‐HBc–positive livers
Authors: Yamashiki Noriyo , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Ueda Yoshihide , Kaido Toshimi , Okajima Hideaki , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Seno Hiroshi , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractProphylactic measures are used to reduce DNHB after HBsAg‐negative patients receive anti‐HBc–positive liver grafts. This study investigated the incidence of DNHB and clinical outcomes in pediatric LT recipients under HBIG prophylaxis, with or without hepatitis B vaccination. Between 1995 and 2013, 51 HBsAg‐negative pediatric recipients underwent living‐donor LT from anti‐HBc–positive donors. The median (range) age was 4 (0.1‐17) years, 23 (45%) were male, and 71% were negative for both anti‐HBc and anti‐HBc. During a median follow‐up of 12.1 (0.06‐19.9) years, 13 (25.4%) developed DNHB; 7 of the 13 achieved HBsAg seroconversion after administration of LAM or ETV. Among studied patients, 20 (39%) received hepatitis B vaccination, and 2 of them (10%) developed DNHB. At last follow‐up, 41% (21/51) discontinued HBIG either after successful HBV vaccination (n = 17) or retransplantation with anti‐HBc–negative grafts (n = 4). In conclusion, pediatric LT recipients of anti‐HBc–positive grafts, most of them were naïve to HBV infection, were at high risk of DNHB, and consistent monitoring for the early detection of DNHB was necessary. A combination use of post‐LT vaccination is promising prophylactic strategy against DNHB.
Associative bacteria influence maize (Zea mays L.) growth, physiology and root anatomy under different nitrogen levels
Authors: Calzavara A. K. , Paiva P. H. G. , Gabriel L. C. , Oliveira A. L. M. , Milani K. , Oliveira H. C. , Bianchini E. , Pimenta J. A. , de Oliveira M. C. N. , Dias‐Pereira J. , Stolf‐Moreira R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Despite the great diversity of plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) with potential to partially replace the use of N fertilisers in agriculture, few PGPB have been explored for the production of commercial inoculants, reinforcing the importance of identifying positive plant–bacteria interactions. Aiming to better understand the influence of PGPB inoculation in plant development, two PGPB species with distant phylogenetic relationship were inoculated in maize.

Maize seeds were inoculated with Bacillus sp. or Azospirillum brasilense. After germination, the plants were subjected to two N treatments: full (N+) and limiting (N−) N supply. Then, anatomical, biometric and physiological analyses were performed.

Both PGPB species modified the anatomical pattern of roots, as verified by the higher metaxylem vessel element (MVE) number. Bacillus sp. also increased the MVE area in maize roots. Under N+ conditions, both PGPB decreased leaf protein content and led to development of shorter roots; however, Bacillus sp. increased root and shoot dry weight, whereas A. brasilense increased photosynthesis rate and leaf nitrate content. In plants subjected to N limitation (N−), photosynthesis rate and photosystem II efficiency increased in maize inoculated with Bacillus sp., whilst A. brasilense contained higher ammonium, amino acids and total soluble sugars in leaves, compared to the control.

Plant developmental and metabolical patterns were switched by the inoculation, regardless of the inoculant bacterium used, producing similar as well as distinct modifications to the parameters studied. These results indicate that even non‐diazotrophic inoculant strains can improve the plant N status as result of the morpho‐anatomical and physiological modifications produced by the PGPB.
The Arabidopsis CrRLK1L protein kinases BUPS1 and BUPS2 are required for normal growth of pollen tubes in the pistil
Authors: Zhu Lei , Chu Liang‐Cui , Liang Yan , Zhang Xue‐Qin , Chen Li‐Qun , Ye De 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn flowering plants, the interaction of pollen tubes with female tissues is important for the accomplishment of double fertilization. Little information is known about the mechanisms that underlie signalling between pollen tubes and female tissues. In this study, two Arabidopsis pollen tube‐expressed CrRLK1L protein kinases, Buddha's Paper Seal 1 (BUPS1) and BUPS2, were identified as being required for normal tip growth of pollen tubes in the pistil. They are expressed prolifically in pollen and pollen tubes and are localized on the plasma membrane of the pollen tube tip region. Mutations in BUPS1 drastically reduced seed set. Most of the bups1 mutant pollen tubes growing in the pistil exhibited a swollen pollen tube tip, leading to failure of fertilization. The bups2 pollen tubes had a slightly abnormal morphology but could still accomplish double fertilization. The bups1 bups2 double mutant exhibited a slightly enhanced phenotype compared to the single bups1 mutants. The BUPS1 proteins could form homomers and heteromers with BUPS2, whereas BUPS2 could only form heteromers with BUPS1. The BUPS proteins could interact with the Arabidopsis pollen‐expressed RopGEFs in the yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. The results indicated that the BUPSs may mediate normal polar growth of pollen tubes in the pistil.
Hemodialysis catheter‐associated fibrin sheath in a dog
Authors: Langston Cathy E. , Eatroff Adam E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe an intravascular fibrin sheath associated with a hemodialysis catheter in a dog.Case SummaryA 4‐year‐old dog presented for hemodialysis to treat acute kidney injury. Hemodialysis catheter dysfunction during the course of treatment was temporarily alleviated using a tissue plasminogen activator. A thrombus composed of fibrin and granulation tissue creating a sheath around the catheter and focally adherent to the vessel wall was identified on postmortem evaluation.New or Unique Information ProvidedFibrin sheath formation is a commonly recognized problem of central venous catheters used for hemodialysis in people and is likely a common problem in veterinary patients undergoing dialysis as well. This report provides a description of the clinical features of the catheter dysfunction, response to treatment, postmortem radiographic and direct imaging, and histology of the fibrin sheath, and also provides a brief review of potential management techniques that have been described in people.
Transforming Care to Evidence‐Based Practice With Scripted Messages: An Improvement Project for Pain Management in Outpatient Surgical Patients
Authors: Bellury Lanell M. , Mullinax Karen , Mozingo Judi , Dantzler Berta , McGee Nancy 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundOutpatient surgeries are common and most patients experience pain postoperatively requiring nursing attention to pain management. Scripting, recommended for consistent, targeted communication to improve patient satisfaction, has limited evidence to support its use.AimsTo explore the effect of scripted messages on self‐reported pain control and patient satisfaction with care in outpatient surgical patients.MethodsA retrospective medical record review pre‐ and postintervention evaluated a pain management scripted message delivered at two time points (preoperatively and postoperatively). Intention to treat analysis compared patient reports of pain control and patient satisfaction with care 48 hours postdischarge from outpatient surgical procedures.ResultsA total of 231 records (98 preintervention; 133 postintervention) were analyzed. The sample included 144 (62%) male, 156 (68%) married with mean age of 57.6 (SD = 16.1) years. The majority (90%) received general anesthesia, and the most common surgical procedures were urologic (24%), colorectal (17%), and laparoscopy (13%). A Mann–Whitney U test indicated patient reported pain control was statistically significantly greater for the postintervention group (mean rank = 62.66) compared to the preintervention group (mean rank = 51.95), U = 1,258, p = .01 with an effect size φ = .223.Linking Evidence to ActionA scripted message showed statistical significance and a small clinical effect in pain control that adds to the body of knowledge around the effectiveness of scripting delivered by nurses. Although it is encouraging that even the small dose of scripting had a significant effect on postoperative pain control, the feasibility issues around similar study designs will require considerable resources to surmount. Practice change is a complex process requiring sensitivity to work and patient flow especially in specialty care units. Resistance to change when evidence is not robust may be especially difficult related to scripting, often perceived as a mandated intrusion into the nurse–patient relationship.
In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine at preventing intestinal colonization in chicks
Authors: Howard Alexander J. , Chousalkar Kapil K. , McWhorter Andrea R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVaccination of chicks with Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium aroA deletion mutants has previously been shown to inhibit intestinal colonization of wild‐type S. Typhimurium strains. In Australia, Bioproperties VaxSafe™ STM1 strain is the only licensed and commercially available S. Typhimurium vaccine. This vaccine is a live attenuated aroA deletion mutant. Currently, it is recommended that the first dose of the STM1 vaccine is administered through coarse spray. It is unclear whether this mode of administration effectively permits intestinal colonization. Furthermore, it is not known whether the STM1 strain prevents or inhibits Salmonella colonization of chicks following this first dose. This study investigated both in vitro and in vivo colonization parameters. Invasiveness was assessed using an in vitro invasion assay into sections of ileum and caecum collected from day‐old chicks. The S. Typhimurium definitive types (DT) 9 and 44 exhibited the greatest invasion into both intestinal segments. STM1 was invasive but was significantly less so than both isolates of S. Typhimurium. In dual and triple infections, no competitive microbial interactions between STM1 and wild‐type Salmonella were observed. In vivo colonization inhibition was also tested. Vaccinated and nonvaccinated day‐old chicks were challenged with S. Typhimurium DT9. Both STM1 and S. Typhimurium DT9 were found in spleen, liver, ileum, caecum and caecal contents from day 2 postinfection. No significant exclusion effect was observed in vaccinated and challenged chicks.
Experiences and perceptions of physical restraint policies and practices by health professionals in the acute care sector: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Lockwood Craig , Stannard Daphne , Munn Zachary , Porritt Kylie , Carrier Judith , Rittenmeyer Leslie , Bjerrum Merete , Salmond Susan 
Published: May 2018

Review question:
What are the experiences and perceptions of physical restraint policies and practices by health professionals, administrators and policy makers in the acute care sector?
Effectiveness of Nissen fundoplication versus anterior and posterior partial fundoplications for treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Marshall-Webb Matthew , Peters Micah D.J. , Bright Tim , Watson David I. 
Published: May 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to determine the relative effectiveness of Nissen fundoplication compared to anterior and posterior partial fundoplication in controlling the symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and reducing their side effect profile in adults.
The specific questions posed by this review are: what is the effectiveness of Nissen fundoplication in comparison to anterior partial fundoplication (90 degree, 120 degree and 180 degree) and posterior 270 degree fundoplication in terms of symptom control of gastro-esophageal reflux disease, and what are the side effects of these surgical interventions?
Prevalence and incidence of congenital anomalies amongst babies born to women with sickle cell disease and exposed to hydroxyurea during pregnancy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Gwer Stephen Otieno , Onyango Kennedy Odoyo 
Published: May 2018

Review question/objective:
What is the prevalence and incidence of congenital anomalies among babies born to women with sickle cell disease (SCD) and who have been exposed to hydroxyurea (HU) therapy at any time in their pregnancy?
The objective of this review is to identify the proportion of babies born with congenital anomalies among babies born to mothers with SCD who have been exposed to HU therapy at any point during pregnancy and to describe the specific types of congenital anomalies encountered.