bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workplace‐related generational characteristics of nurses: A mixed‐method systematic review
Authors: Stevanin Simone , Palese Alvisa , Bressan Valentina , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Kvist Tarja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to describe and summarize workplace characteristics of three nursing generations: Baby Boomers, Generations X and Y.BackgroundGenerational differences affect occupational well‐being, nurses’ performance, patient outcomes and safety; therefore, nurse managers, administrators and educators are interested increasingly in making evidence‐based decisions about the multigenerational nursing workforce.DesignMixed‐method systematic review.Data sourcesMedline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus (January 1991–January 2017).Review methods(1) The Joanna Briggs Institute's method for conducting mixed‐method systematic reviews; (2) the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses and (3) the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines. The studies’ methodological quality was assessed with the Mixed‐Methods Appraisal Tool. Quantitative and mixed‐method studies were transformed into qualitative methods using a convergent qualitative synthesis and qualitative findings were combined with a narrative synthesis.ResultsThirty‐three studies were included with three main themes and 11 subthemes: (1) Job attitudes (work engagement; turnover intentions, reasons for leaving; reasons, incentives/disincentives to continue nursing); (2) Emotion‐related job aspects (stress/resilience; well‐being/job satisfaction; affective commitment; unit climate; work ethic) and (3) Practice and leadership‐related aspects (autonomy; perceived competence; leadership relationships and perceptions). Baby Boomers reported lower levels of stress and burnout than did Generations X and Y, different work engagement, factors affecting workplace well‐being and retention and greater intention to leave compared with Generation Y, which was less resilient, but more cohesive.ConclusionAlthough several studies reported methodological limitations and conflicting findings, generational differences in nurses’ job attitudes, emotional, practice and leadership factors should be considered to enhance workplace quality.
Valuing and understanding fish populations in the Anthropocene: key questions to address
Authors: Obregón C. , Lyndon A. R. , Barker J. , Christiansen H. , Godley B. J. , Kurland S. , Piccolo J. J. , Potts R. , Short R. , Tebb A. , Mariani S. 
Published: February 2018

Research on the values of fish populations and fisheries has primarily focused on bio‐economic aspects; a more nuanced and multidimensional perspective is mostly neglected. Although a range of social aspects is increasingly being considered in fisheries research, there is still no clear understanding as to how to include these additional values within management policies nor is there a cogent appreciation of the major knowledge gaps that should be tackled by future research.This paper results from a workshop held during the 50th anniversary symposium of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles at the University of Exeter, UK, in July 2017. Here, we aim to highlight the current knowledge gaps on the values of fish populations and fisheries thus directing future research. To this end, we present eight questions that are deeply relevant to understanding the values of fish populations and fisheries. These can be applied to all habitats and fisheries, including freshwater, estuarine and marine.
Preserved re‐experience of discrete emotions: Amnesia and executive function
Authors: Stanciu Marian Andrei , Rafal Robert D. , Turnbull Oliver H. 
Published: February 2018

Amnesic patients can re‐experience emotions elicited by forgotten events, suggesting that brain systems for episodic and emotional memory are independent. However, the range of such emotional memories remains under‐investigated (most studies employing just positive–negative emotion dyads), and executive function may also play a role in the re‐experience of emotions. This is the first investigation of the intensity of the emotional re‐experience of a range of discrete emotions (anger, fear, sadness, and happiness) for a group of amnesic patients. Twenty Korsakoff syndrome (KS) patients and 20 neurologically normal controls listened to four novel emotional vignettes selectively eliciting the four basic emotions. Emotional experience was measured using pen‐and‐paper Visual Analogue Mood Scales and episodic memory using verbal recollections. After 30 min, the recollection of stories was severely impaired for the patient group, but the emotional re‐experience was no different from that of controls. Notably, there was no relationship between episodic recall and the intensity of the four emotions, such that even profoundly amnesic patients reported moderate levels of the target emotion. Exploratory analyses revealed negative correlations between the intensity of basic emotions and executive functions (e.g., cognitive flexibility and response inhibition) for controls but not patients. The results suggest that discrete emotions can be re‐experienced independently of episodic memory, and that the re‐experience of certain discrete emotions appears to be dampened by executive control. KS patients with absent or mild cognitive symptoms should benefit from emotion‐regulation interventions aimed at reducing the recognized affective burden associated with their episodic memory deficit.
CCL23: a new CC chemokine involved in human brain damage
Authors: Simats A. , García‐Berrocoso T. , Penalba A. , Giralt D. , Llovera G. , Jiang Y. , Ramiro L. , Bustamante A. , Martinez‐Saez E. , Canals F. , Wang X. , Liesz A. , Rosell A. , Montaner J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundCCL23 role in the inflammatory response after acute brain injuries remains elusive. Here, we evaluated whether CCL23 blood levels associate with acquired cerebral lesions and determined CCL23 predictive capacity for assessing stroke prognosis. We used preclinical models to study the CCL23 homologous chemokines in rodents, CCL9 and CCL6.MethodsBaseline CCL23 blood levels were determined on 245 individuals, including ischaemic strokes (IS), stroke mimics and controls. Temporal profile of circulating CCL23 was explored from baseline to 24 h in 20 of the IS. In an independent cohort of 120 IS with a 3‐month follow‐up, CCL23 blood levels were included in logistic regression models to predict IS outcome. CCL9/CCL6 cerebral expression was evaluated in rodent models of brain damage. Both chemokines were also profiled in circulation and histologically located on brain following ischaemia.ResultsBaseline CCL23 blood levels did not discriminate IS, but permitted an accurate discrimination of patients presenting acute brain lesions (P = 0.003). IS exhibited a continuous increase from baseline to 24 h in circulating CCL23 (P < 0.001). Baseline CCL23 blood levels resulted an independent predictor of IS outcome at hospital discharge (ORadj: 19.702 [1.815–213.918], P = 0.014) and mortality after 3 months (ORadj: 21.47 [3.434–134.221], P = 0.001).In preclinics, expression of rodent chemokines in neurons following cerebral lesions was elevated. CCL9 circulating levels decreased early after ischaemia (P < 0.001), whereas CCL6 did not alter within the first 24 h after ischaemia.ConclusionsAlthough preclinical models do not seem suitable to characterize CCL23, it might be a novel promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of cerebral lesions and might facilitate the prediction of stroke patient outcome.
The association and potentially destructive role of Th9/IL‐9 is synergistic with Th17 cells by elevating MMP9 production in local lesions of oral lichen planus
Authors: Wang Hui , Guan Xiaobing , Luo Zhenhua , Liu Yao , Ren Qian , Zhao Xin 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThis study was to investigate association and potentially destructive role of Th9/IL‐9 and their synergistic interaction with Th17 cells in elevating MMP9 production in local lesions of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients.MethodsOral mucosal tissues were obtained from OLP patients and healthy controls (HC) and then divided into an epithelial part (EP) or a lamina propria part (LP). Both EP and LP subsets were assessed for IL‐9 and MMP9 mRNA levels by real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Flow cytometry was used to detect the CD4+ T helper subset Th9 (IL‐9+IL‐17−CD4+) and Th17 (IL‐9−IL‐17+CD4+) in co‐cultured CD4+ Th cells and oral keratinocytes of OLP. IL‐9, IL‐17, and MMP9 in co‐culture supernatant were detected by ELISA.ResultsThe qPCR results demonstrated that IL‐9 and MMP9 mRNA levels were positively correlated in OLP lesions, and both significantly elevated in EP and LP lesions of erosive type OLP. Th9 and Th17 cells were significantly elevated in co‐cultures of CD4+ Th cells and keratinocytes, and MMP9, IL‐9, and IL‐17 levels were simultaneously increased. In vitro, recombinant human IL‐17 treatment significantly enhanced MMP9 protein and mRNA levels, while a synergistic effect of IL‐9 and IL‐17 was not observed. However, further results showed Th17 cells, IL‐17, and MMP9 were increased significantly when recombinant IL‐9 was added to the cultured CD4+ T cells.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that Th9/IL‐9 can induce elevated levels of MMP9 to aggravate OLP disease severity, which may occur directly through increasing Th17 levels or indirectly through a synergistic role with Th17.
Convex duality for Epstein–Zin stochastic differential utility
Authors: Matoussi Anis , Xing Hao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces a dual problem to study a continuous‐time consumption and investment problem with incomplete markets and Epstein–Zin stochastic differential utilities. Duality between the primal and dual problems is established. Consequently, the optimal strategy of this consumption and investment problem is identified without assuming several technical conditions on market models, utility specifications, and agent's admissible strategies. Meanwhile, the minimizer of the dual problem is identified as the utility gradient of the primal value and is economically interpreted as the “least favorable” completion of the market.
Distribution‐constrained optimal stopping
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Miller Christopher W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe solve the problem of optimal stopping of a Brownian motion subject to the constraint that the stopping time's distribution is a given measure consisting of finitely many atoms. In particular, we show that this problem can be converted to a finite sequence of state‐constrained optimal control problems with additional states corresponding to the conditional probability of stopping at each possible terminal time. The proof of this correspondence relies on a new variation of the dynamic programming principle for state‐constrained problems, which avoids measurable selections. We emphasize that distribution constraints lead to novel and interesting mathematical problems on their own, but also demonstrate an application in mathematical finance to model‐free superhedging with an outlook on volatility.
Integrating genomic and phenotypic data to evaluate alternative phylogenetic and species delimitation hypotheses in a recent evolutionary radiation of grasshoppers
Authors: Noguerales Víctor , Cordero Pedro J. , Ortego Joaquín 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough resolving phylogenetic relationships and establishing species limits are primary goals of systematics, these tasks remain challenging at both conceptual and analytical levels. Here, we integrated genomic and phenotypic data and employed a comprehensive suite of coalescent‐based analyses to develop and evaluate competing phylogenetic and species delimitation hypotheses in a recent evolutionary radiation of grasshoppers (Chorthippus binotatus group) composed of two species and eight putative subspecies. To resolve the evolutionary relationships within this complex, we first evaluated alternative phylogenetic hypotheses arising from multiple schemes of genomic data processing and contrasted genetic‐based inferences with different sources of phenotypic information. Second, we examined the importance of number of loci, demographic priors, number and kind of phenotypic characters and sex‐based trait variation for developing alternative species delimitation hypotheses. The best‐supported topology was largely compatible with phenotypic data and showed the presence of two clades corresponding to the nominative species groups, one including three well‐resolved lineages and the other comprising a four‐lineage polytomy and a well‐differentiated sister taxon. Integrative species delimitation analyses indicated that the number of employed loci had little impact on the obtained inferences but revealed the higher power provided by an increasing number of phenotypic characters and the usefulness of assessing their phylogenetic information content and differences between sexes in among‐taxa trait variation. Overall, our study highlights the importance of integrating multiple sources of information to test competing phylogenetic hypotheses and elucidate the evolutionary history of species complexes representing early stages of divergence where conflicting inferences are more prone to appear.
Substance P ameliorates tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced endothelial cell dysfunction by regulating eNOS expression in vitro
Authors: Piao Jiyuan , Hong Hyun Sook , Son Youngsook 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the beneficial effects of SP on NO production and inflammation‐induced vascular endothelium cell death.MethodsTo mimic the inflammatory environment, TNF‐α was treated with HUVECs, and SP was added prior to TNF‐α to determine its protective effect. WST‐1 assay was performed to detect cell viability. NO level in conditioned medium was measured by Griess Reagent System. The protein level of cleaved caspase‐3, eNOS, and phosphorylated Akt was detected by Western blot analysis.ResultsTNF‐α declined endothelial cell viability by downregulating Akt and NO production. TNF‐α‐induced cell death was reliably restored by NO, confirming the requirement of NO for cell survival. By contrast, pretreatment of SP attenuated TNF‐α‐induced cellular apoptosis, accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS expression, and NO production. Blockage of NK‐1R, phosphorylated Akt or eNOS by CP‐96345, A6730, or L‐NAME entirely eliminated the effect of SP.ConclusionsSP can protect the vascular endothelium against inflammation‐induced damage through modulation of the Akt/eNOS/NO signaling pathway.
Partial Resemblance and Property Immanence
Authors: Audi Paul 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjects partially resemble when they are alike in some way but not entirely alike. Partial resemblance, then, involves similarityin a respect. It has been observed that talk of “respects” appears to be thinly‐veiled talk of properties. So some theorists take similarity in a respect to require property realism. I will go a step further and argue that similarity inintrinsicrespects (partialintrinsicresemblance) requires properties to be immanent in objects. For a property to be immanent in an object is roughly for it to be wholly present in that object. (So understood, immanence does not imply repeatability, and thus tropes count as immanent.) If two objects are intrinsically similar in one way but not another, there must be a difference between the two ways. And if the similarity is between the objects as they are in themselves, then this difference, too, must be within the objects. Partial intrinsic resemblance thus requires internal structure. Without it, there can be no distinctions between ways in which things are intrinsically alike and ways in which they aren't. I will argue, further, that distinctions between properties that transcend objects fail to account for the possibility of partial intrinsic resemblance.
A novel antisense long noncoding RNA,TWISTED LEAF, maintains leaf blade flattening by regulating its associated sense R2R3‐MYB gene in rice
Authors: Liu Xue , Li Dayong , Zhang Donglei , Yin Dedong , Zhao Yi , Ji Chengjun , Zhao Xianfeng , Li Xiaobing , He Qun , Chen Runsheng , Hu Songnian , Zhu Lihuang 
Published: February 2018

Summary

Natural antisense long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widespread in many organisms. However, their biological functions remain largely unknown, particularly in plants.

We report the identification and characterization of an endogenous lncRNA, TWISTED LEAF (TL), which is transcribed from the opposite strand of the R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene locus, OsMYB60, in rice (Oryza sativa). TL and OsMYB60 were found to be coexpressed in many different tissues, and the expression level of TL was higher than that of OsMYB60.

Downregulation of TL by RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression of OsMYB60 resulted in twisted leaf blades in transgenic rice. The expression level of OsMYB60 was significantly increased in TL‐RNAi transgenic plants. This suggests that TL may play a cis‐regulatory role on OsMYB60 in leaf morphological development. We also determined that the antisense transcription suppressed the sense gene expression by mediating chromatin modifications. We further discovered that a C2H2 transcription factor, OsZFP7, is an OsMYB60 binding partner and involved in leaf development.

Taken together, these findings reveal that the cis‐natural antisense lncRNA plays a critical role in maintaining leaf blade flattening in rice. Our study uncovers a regulatory mechanism of lncRNA in plant leaf development.
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Proportion of patients who continue hospital visits
Authors: Maeda Naoko , Saito Akiko , Kada Akiko , Imamura Toshihiko , Hayakawa Akira , Horibe Keizo , Sato Atsushi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term follow up in adulthood after childhood cancer therapy is particularly important because of the risk of late effects, and information on the rate of continuing hospital visits by childhood cancer survivors (CCS) is also important for the planning of studies on the risk of late effects.MethodsThe rate of continuing hospital visits (“long‐term follow up”) in 1,252 cases registered in the multicenter Japan Association of Childhood Leukemia Study on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (JACLS ALL‐02) was investigated using data from its electronic data capture (EDC) system, including case number, date of diagnosis, date of therapy completion, date of birth, sex, survival or death, date of death, date of last outcome confirmation, and facility code. EDC entries of confirmed survival or death during the 2 years preceding the data lock represented continuing visitors, and the number of those cases, divided by the total number of cases (excluding cases of confirmation of death prior to those 2 years), was calculated as the proportion of continuing visitors (PCV).ResultsThe PCV for survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia was found to decline over time from diagnosis. For subjects aged 21–29 years who were ≥9 years from diagnosis, PCV was approximately 30% overall, representing 23.5% for men and 41.8% for women, thus indicating a gender difference.ConclusionsFurther studies may be necessary to assess whether CCS who stopped visiting childhood cancer treatment facilities, actually received therapeutic intervention or appropriate screening for late effects as adults.
The battle of two ions: Ca2+ signalling against Na+ stress
Authors: Köster P. , Wallrad L. , Edel K. H. , Faisal M. , Alatar A. A. , Kudla J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSoil salinity adversely affects plant growth, crop yield and the composition of ecosystems. Salinity stress impacts plants by combined effects of Na+ toxicity and osmotic perturbation. Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms to counteract the detrimental consequences of salinity. Here we reflect on recent advances in our understanding of plant salt tolerance mechanisms. We discuss the embedding of the salt tolerance‐mediating SOS pathway in plant hormonal and developmental adaptation. Moreover, we review newly accumulating evidence indicating a crucial role of a transpiration‐dependent salinity tolerance pathway, that is centred around the function of the NADPH oxidase RBOHF and its role in endodermal and Casparian strip differentiation. Together, these data suggest a unifying and coordinating role for Ca2+ signalling in combating salinity stress at the cellular and organismal level.
Using virtual reality to distinguish subjects with multiple‐ but not single‐domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment from normal elderly subjects
Authors: Mohammadi Alireza , Kargar Mahmoud , Hesami Ehsan 
Published: February 2018

AimSpatial disorientation is a hallmark of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease. Our aim was to use virtual reality to determine the allocentric and egocentric memory deficits of subjects with single‐domain aMCI (aMCIsd) and multiple‐domain aMCI (aMCImd). For this purpose, we introduced an advanced virtual reality navigation task (VRNT) to distinguish these deficits in mild Alzheimer’s disease (miAD), aMCIsd, and aMCImd.MethodsThe VRNT performance of 110 subjects, including 20 with miAD, 30 with pure aMCIsd, 30 with pure aMCImd, and 30 cognitively normal controls was compared. Our newly developed VRNT consists of a virtual neighbourhood (allocentric memory) and virtual maze (egocentric memory). Verbal and visuospatial memory impairments were also examined with Rey Auditory‐Verbal Learning Test and Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, respectively.ResultsWe found that miAD and aMCImd subjects were impaired in both allocentric and egocentric memory, but aMCIsd subjects performed similarly to the normal controls on both tasks. The miAD, aMCImd, and aMCIsd subjects performed worse on finding the target or required more time in the virtual environment than the aMCImd, aMCIsd, and normal controls, respectively. Our findings indicated the aMCImd and miAD subjects, as well as the aMCIsd subjects, were more impaired in egocentric orientation than allocentric orientation.ConclusionWe concluded that VRNT can distinguish aMCImd subjects, but not aMCIsd subjects, from normal elderly subjects. The VRNT, along with the Rey Auditory‐Verbal Learning Test and Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, can be used as a valid diagnostic tool for properly distinguishing different forms of aMCI.