bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Convolutional Neural Network-Weighted Cellular Automaton Model for the Fast Prediction of Urban Pluvial Flooding Processes
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Liu Kai , Wang Ming , Zhao Gang , Wu Wei , Yue Qingrui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDeep learning models demonstrate impressive performance in rapidly predicting urban floods, but there are still limitations in enhancing physical connectivity and interpretability. This study proposed an innovative modeling approach that integrates convolutional neural networks with weighted cellular automaton (CNN-WCA) to achieve the precise and rapid prediction of urban pluvial flooding processes and enhance the physical connectivity and reliability of modeling results. The study began by generating a rainfall-inundation dataset using WCA and LISFLOOD-FP, and the CNN-WCA model was trained using outputs from LISFLOOD-FP and WCA. Subsequently, the pre-trained model was applied to simulate the flood caused by the 20 July 2021 rainstorm in Zhengzhou City. The predicted inundation spatial distribution and depth by CNN-WCA closely aligned with those of LISFLOOD-FP, with the mean absolute error concentrated within 5 mm, and the prediction time of CNN-WCA was only 0.8% that of LISFLOOD-FP. The CNN-WCA model displays a strong capacity for accurately predicting changes in inundation depths within the study area and at susceptible points for urban flooding, with the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency values of most flood-prone points exceeding 0.97. Furthermore, the physical connectivity of the inundation distribution predicted by CNN-WCA is better than that of the distribution obtained with a CNN. The CNN-WCA model with additional physical constraints exhibits a reduction of around 34% in instances of physical discontinuity compared to CNN. Our results prove that the CNN model with multiple physical constraints has significant potential to rapidly and accurately simulate urban flooding processes and improve the reliability of prediction.
Overload Alarm Prediction in Power Distribution Transformers
Authors: Rafati Amir , Mirshekali Hamid , Shaker Hamid Reza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe growing demand for electricity puts more strain on the grid, requiring automated and proactive strategies such as overload prediction to improve grid maintenance. However, the intermittent nature of power distribution loads makes the prediction more challenging. This paper proposes a novel framework for overload alarm prediction in distribution transformers, aimed at enhancing the reliability and efficiency of grid operations. Leveraging real-world smart meter data and machine learning techniques, the proposed system develops a classification model to predict overloads for distribution transformers. Due to resource constraints, a new strategy is adopted to assess the significance of alarms based on expert observations. Subsequently, a new approach is developed to imitate the experts, leading to an automated decision-making process using random forest. Ultimately, the transfer learning strategy is utilized to predict overload alarms for distribution transformers facing data scarcity in real-world applications. The proposed system demonstrates high accuracy of overload alarm predictions, paving the way for developing more proactive grid maintenance strategies.
Multi-objective optimal trajectory planning for manipulators based on CMOSPBO
Authors: Bao Tingting , Wu Zhijun , Chen Jianliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFeasible, smooth, and time-jerk optimal trajectory is essential for manipulators utilized in manufacturing process. A novel technique to generate trajectories in the joint space for robotic manipulators based on quintic B-spline and constrained multi-objective student psychology based optimization (CMOSPBO) is proposed in this paper. In order to obtain the optimal trajectories, two objective functions including the total travelling time and the integral of the squared jerk along the whole trajectories are considered. The whole trajectories are interpolated by quintic B-spline and then optimized by CMOSPBO, while taking into account kinematic constraints of velocity, acceleration, and jerk. CMOSPBO mainly includes improved student psychology based optimization, archive management, and an adaptive ε-constraint handling method. Lévy flights and differential mutation are adopted to enhance the global exploration capacity of the improved SPBO. The ε value is varied with iterations and feasible solutions to prevent the premature convergence of CMOSPBO. Solution density estimation corresponding to the solution distribution in decision space and objective space is proposed to increase the diversity of solutions. The experimental results show that CMOSPBO outperforms than SQP, and NSGA-II in terms of the motion efficiency and jerk. The comparison results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to generate time-jerk optimal and jerk-continuous trajectories for manipulators.
Performance response analysis and optimization for integrated renewable energy systems using biomass and heat pumps: a multi-objective approach
Authors: Dong Zhang , Qing Zou , Yu Zheng , Haoran Li , Qifan Yang , Rui Zhang , Zhoujian An 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe focus of this study is to optimize the exploration of biomass-driven multi-energy systems, which include combined heat, power, and gas generation. The objective is to enhance the thermal, environmental, and economic performance indicators of the system. The optimization objectives encompass the quantities of internal combustion engines and air source heat pumps, as well as the dimensions of tanks utilized for anaerobic fermentation. A mathematical model was developed to optimize multiple objectives for combined heat, power, and gas generation systems by employing multi-objective intelligent optimization algorithms. The validation and analysis were conducted using rural residences in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, as a case study. The sensitivity analysis of biomass gasification combined heat and power systems was conducted from both technical and cost perspectives, examining the dynamic impact characteristics on the outcomes of multi-objective optimization. The findings indicate that the annual energy-saving rate of the optimized combined generation system decreased from 3.62% to -6.78%, while the growth in carbon emissions reduction rate increased from 76.05 to 81.38%, and the annual cost-saving rate grew from 0.97 to 14.96%. The power generation efficiency of the cogeneration station and hydraulic retention time were found to have a significant impact on the multi-objective optimization results of the combined generation system among the technical parameters. The unit cost of anaerobic fermentation tanks had a more significant impact on the multi-objective optimization results in terms of cost parameters, compared to the price of biogas residue.
Application of emulgel in muscle-based foods: a review
Authors: Oppong David , Abdullah  , Kaburi Sandra Ama , Lamptey Francis Padi , Chaijan Manat , Panpipat Worawan , Mussa Ngassa Julius , Lyimo Charles Moses , Bawa Nadratu Musah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in implementing technological food systems to enhance the quality and safety of food items. One such example of this endeavor is the study of the applications of natural biopolymers as food stabilizers. An "emulgel," also known as an emulsion gel, is a gel-like substance that contains a dispersion of emulsion. This emulsion can have a continuous or dispersed phase, creating networks throughout the substance and giving it a semi-solid texture. Gels have garnered significant attention in the food industry due to their ability to be easily shaped and structured and their potential to possess desirable physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. They offer greater stability and controlled release capabilities for the encapsulated bioactive compounds. The review demonstrated that different emulgels exhibit varied relationships between their structure, physicochemical properties, unique applications, and outcomes from different preparation methods. Emulgels enhance the yield, sensory characteristics, and nutritional quality of foods while also controlling lipid oxidation and microbiological development. Emulgels find primary utility in the food business for fat replacement and distribution. Viscosity, temperature, pH, water activity, and ionic strength are influential factors that impact the destabilization mechanisms of emulgels. This article thoroughly summarizes the practical use of emulgels in muscle-based foods and explains their impact on the functioning and quality of such edibles. There is a recommendation to promote the utilisation of emulgels as effective colloids and delivery systems in the future. Additionally, it is proposed that a description of potential new applications in the food industry be provided.
Hydrogel-based soft bioelectronics for personalized healthcare
Authors: Zhang Chuan Wei , Chen Chi , Duan Sidi , Yan Yichen , He Ping , He Ximin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSoft bioelectronics have emerged as a promising platform for personalized healthcare, offering improved compatibility with biological tissues. Among various soft materials, hydrogels stand out due to their unique tissue-like properties and multifunctionality. However, the development of hydrogel-based bioelectronics faces three major challenges: (1) achieving a wide range of mechanical properties, from kilopascals to gigapascals, to match diverse tissues from soft brain to stiff tendon; (2) balancing and decoupling various material properties, particularly mechanical and electrical characteristics, and (3) achieving effective implantation and integration with target organs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in hydrogel-based bioelectronics, focusing on strategies to address these challenges. We first explore approaches to tune the mechanical properties of hydrogels, matching them with a wide range of tissues from soft brain tissue to stiff tendons. We then discuss innovative methods to incorporate conductivity into hydrogels while maintaining their mechanical integrity, highlighting recent developments in conductive polymers that show potential in decoupling electrical and mechanical properties. To address the challenge of implantation, we examine emerging concepts in stimuli-responsive hydrogels capable of programmable deformation, enabling targeted attachment and conformability to specific organs. We also categorize and analyze applications of hydrogel-based systems in both wearable and implantable devices, compiling the latest progress in hydrogel bioelectronics at the application level. While significant advancements have been made, integrating multiple functionalities within a single hydrogel-based device remains a considerable challenge. Further research is necessary to develop truly multimodal bioelectronic systems that can seamlessly interface with the human body, ultimately translating these promising technologies into clinical practice.
Graphical Abstract
Association Between Short‐Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Emergency Attendance for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Hong Kong: A Time‐Series Study
Authors: Li Yun hao , Tong Tan Jing , Hwa Ooi Poh , Jiang Fang , Kan Haidong , Leung Wai K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe relationship between exposure to ambient air pollutants and emergency attendance for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains inconclusive. This study examines the association between short‐term exposure to various ambient pollutants and the risk of UGIB emergency attendance. Data on daily UGIB emergency attendance, ambient pollutants, and meteorological conditions in Hong Kong were collected from 2017 to 2022. A time‐series study using a distributed lag non‐linear model to analyze the data, considering lag days. Stratified analysis was performed based on sex, seasons, and the COVID‐19 pandemic period. The burden was quantified using attributable fraction (AF) and number (AN). The study included 31,577 UGIB emergency records. Exposure to high levels of PM2.5 significantly increased the risk of UGIB emergency attendance from lag day 3 (RR: 1.012) to day 6 (RR: 1.008). High NO2 exposure also posed a significant risk from lag day 0 (RR: 1.026) to day 2 (RR: 1.014), and from lag day 5 (RR: 1.013) to day 7 (RR: 1.024). However, there was no association between UGIB and high O3 levels. The attributable burden of high‐concentration NO2 exposure was higher compared to those of PM2.5. Males and elderly individuals (≥65 years) faced a higher risk of UGIB emergencies, particularly during cold seasons. Our study suggests that both PM2.5 and NO2 exposure are associated with an increased risk of emergency attendance for UGIB. Ambient pollutant exposure has a stronger effect on UGIB in males and the elderly, particularly during cold seasons.
Shear‐Dominant Continental Rifting in Northern Ryukyu Revealed by Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Chen Kai‐Xun , Kuo Ban‐Yuan , Lin Ting‐Jun , Lin Pei‐Ying Patty , Gung Yuancheng , Tan Eh , Kodaira Shuichi , Ishihara Yasushi , Nakamura Mamoru , Arai Ryuta , Lee Fang‐Yi , Hung Shu‐Huei , Chen Kate Huihsuan , Lin Ching‐Ren , Wang Chau‐Chang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we reveal the deformational structure of the crust of the northern part of the Ryukyu Arc and Okinawa Trough using ambient noise tomography. Compared with southern Ryukyu, the northern segment exhibits a wide and shallow basin, a crust without localized thinning, slow extension rates, and highly arc‐oblique, right‐lateral retreat of the Ryukyu Arc. We present both isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic shear‐wave velocity models using data recorded by an ocean‐bottom seismometer array and nearby island stations. The isotropic model demonstrates a monotonic decrease in velocity from the backarc to the forearc, in accord with the accretionary‐prism origin of the latter. The resolved azimuthal anisotropy exhibits arc‐parallel and arc‐perpendicular fast shear‐wave polarization directions in the upper to mid‐crust and the lower crust to uppermost mantle in much of the arc and backarc, respectively. We interpret the arc‐parallel anisotropy as resulting from the anisotropic fabrics aligned by the vertical shearing imposed by the right‐lateral motion of the Ryukyu Arc. The underlying arc‐perpendicular anisotropy may be attributed to horizontal shearing driven by corner flow in the mantle wedge. We found arc‐perpendicular anisotropy in the forearc upper crust, which may reflect crack alignment caused by the collision of the Amami Plateau. The oblique arc retreat and the resolved deformation fabrics in the arc and backarc together attest to the shear‐dominant, transtensional nature of the northern Ryukyu continental rift system. Some of the features in northern Ryukyu may be better explained from the perspective of transtensional rifting.
Experimental performance verification of an intelligent detection and assessment scheme for disturbances and imbalances of three-phase synchronous machine output using coherence estimators
Authors: Mahmoud R. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this article, power quality disturbances, such as voltage and current unbalances, series and shunt faults, are monitored in three-phase synchronous machines. Because the imbalances affect machine efficiency and service life, it is essential to figure out whether the three-phase voltages/currents are balanced or unbalanced. An integrated detection algorithm is proposed to detect the unbalanced voltages/currents and various abnormal conditions precisely and quickly, which is based on the coherence estimator. Most existing detection methods require more than one cycle time to determine the contingency conditions, while the proposed technique detects these situations in a fast and discrete protection system. The suggested scheme acquires instantaneous measurements of the three-phase voltages and currents taken at the synchronous machine terminals in order to calculate fifteen coherence coefficients that are utilized to detect and assess any unbalance or trouble accurately and swiftly. A new proposal for imbalance and disturbance indicators based on the coherence estimators is developed in this study. Multiple test cases have been conducted to validate the proposed algorithm capabilities using a real power system, which includes a motor-generator set, a three-phase load and measurement transformers. The experimental results have been revealed that the relay reliability and accuracy percentages have been found to be 98.28% and 98.52%, respectively. The quantitative findings of the imbalance and disturbance assessment are recorded.
Advocating individual-based profiles of elite athletes to capture the multifactorial nature of elite sports performance
Authors: Zentgraf K. , Musculus L. , Reichert L. , Will L. , Roffler A. , Hacker S. , Hilpisch C. , Wiedenbrüg K. , Cermak N. , Lenz C. , de Haan H. , Mutz M. , Wiese L. , Al-Ghezi A. , Raab M. , Krüger K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElite athletes are high-performance outliers within their specific sports. Even though science seeks to understand the nature of expertise and elite performance, much knowledge remains compartmentalized within subdisciplines. Despite this multidimensionality being acknowledged, an interdisciplinary approach to understanding elite athletes is still rare. This paper synthesizes insights across scientific domains in order to describe the population and individual characteristics of elite athletes. We analyzed diagnostic data from approximately 300 German squad athletes across eight different sports (e.g., gymnastics, volleyball, ice hockey, 3 × 3 basketball etc., agefemale = 18.95 ± 4.84 years, agemale = 19.32 ± 4.19 years) with expertise values ranging from 2 (low expertise) to 16 (high expertise). Data covered muscular strength, lower-body dynamics, muscle-power genetics, blood micronutrients, basic cognitive function, mental health, social support, and training conditions. Results of logistic regressions identified basic cognitive function (B = 0.89) and well-balanced blood micronutrients (B = 1.22) as critical factors distinguishing elite athletes. Additionally, multiple linear regressions suggested that lower-body dynamics (ß = 0.72) is related to increasing expertise values. We examined interactions between determinants of elite performance, and found that social support is positively associated with mental health and training conditions, whereas muscular strength correlates with lower-body dynamics. Focusing on top elite athletes in contrast to semi-elite athletes, we found higher within-group similarities in basic cognitive function and blood micronutrients. Findings indicate the need for a systemic, individualized, and comprehensive model using individual-based profiles.
Propensity score-adjusted analysis on early tirofiban administration to prevent thromboembolic complications during stand-alone coil embolization of ruptured aneurysms
Authors: Bürkle Franziska , Weyland Charlotte S. , Hasan Dimah , Yousefi Farzaneh , Ridwan Hani , Nikoubashman Omid , Wiesmann Martin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist tirofiban has been shown to prevent thromboembolic events during endovascular procedures, but the benefits and risks of its prophylactic early intraprocedural administration for stand-alone coil embolization of acutely ruptured aneurysms are still unclear. We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of patients treated for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with stand-alone coil embolization. Two study cohorts were compared according to the primary prophylactic antithrombotic medication during the procedure: patients receiving only intravenous heparin (HEP) versus patients receiving tirofiban in addition to heparin prior to final aneurysm obliteration (HEP + TF). Outcome endpoints were the incidence of angiographically visible thrombus formation or distal embolization, and the incidence of periprocedural intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Of 204 cases, 159 were prophylactically treated with HEP and 45 with HEP + TF. Intraprocedural thromboembolic events were less frequent with HEP + TF before and after propensity score matching (PSM) (2.5% vs. 19.7%, p = 0.017). The incidence of ICH and symptomatic ICH did not differ between HEP + TF and HEP before and after PSM (20.5% vs. 30.7%, p = 0.29; and 5.1% vs. 4%, p = 0.88). Early intraprocedural tirofiban administration may be effective in preventing thromboembolic complications during stand-alone coil embolization of acutely ruptured aneurysms without increasing the risk of ICH.
Sustainable production of Pleurotus sajor-caju mushrooms and biocomposites using brewer’s spent and agro-industrial residues
Authors: do Nascimento Deschamps Joara Lúcia , Schulz João Guilherme , Riani Josiane Costa , Bonatti-Chaves Mariane , Bonatti Michelle , Sieber Stefan , Lana Marcos , Wisbeck Elisabeth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBrazil is one of the world’s largest beer producers and also a major food producer. These activities generate a large amount of residues which, if disposed of inappropriately, can have adverse effects on the environment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of using these residues for both mushroom cultivation (traditional use) and the production of mycelium-based composites (innovative use). Mushroom production (Pleurotus sajor-caju) was conducted using only brewer’s spent grains (fresh and dried) and also mixed with banana leaves (1:1) or peach palm leaves (1:1), which are residues widely available in the northern region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The productivity of mushrooms cultivated using fresh and dried brewer’s spent grains did not exhibit a statistically significant difference, indicating that this residue can be utilized shortly after its generation in the industrial process, thereby reducing costs associated with production. Combining brewer’s spent grains with banana or peach palm leaves resulted in enhanced mushroom production (0.41 and 0.38 g day−1, respectively) compared to using the leaves as a sole substrate. The mushrooms produced contain sugars and a minimal sodium content, and are considered a source of phosphorus. In addition, no toxic elements (Hg and Pb) were present. The mycelium-based composites produced using the residual substrate (after the mushroom harvest) exhibited better mechanical properties (compressive strength = 0.04 MPa, density = 242 kg m−3, and low humidity sorption) than those produced using fresh substrate. The results demonstrate the synergistic effect of combining the two approaches under investigation. The use of brewer´s spent enhance the mushroom productivity and the residual substrate enhance the mechanical properties of mycelium-based composites. The compressive strength, density, and air humidity sorption properties are essential for determining the potential applications of mycelium-based composites. The use of brewer’s spent grains mixed with banana leaves demonstrated significant promise for mushroom production and subsequent application in the development of mycelium-based composites. These sequential approaches contribute to waste valorization and the rational utilization of natural resources, as the mycelium-based composites are considered for substitution of synthetic materials, thereby promoting sustainability for future generations.