bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated, multiscale forensic soil science applied to an unsolved murder case in Italy
Authors: Terribile F. , Iamarino M. , Langella G. , Mele Giacomo , Gargiulo L. , Mileti F. A. , Vingiani S. , Dawson L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSoil forensics is not only a well‐established research domain but has also been used in numerous successful international searches for burials and as trace evidence to help police and law enforcement in solving criminal, environmental and terrorism investigations. However, despite the confidentiality and legal constraints in case work in many parts of the world, some actual case studies using soil materials as evidence in court hearings have been published in international journals and books. This paper presents a case from the Campania region in Italy where soil analysis played a pivotal role. Employing a multiscale integrated approach encompassing soil microtomography, morphology, chemical analysis and geography, the study aimed to discern the origin of questioned soil residues found on a victim of crime. Results highlight the significance of considering spatial variability and an appropriate choice of analytical methods. The sequential and multiscale approach facilitated timely investigation without incurring unnecessary costs. Soil morphological and chemical analysis revealed inconsistencies between soil on the victim and soil at the suspected crime scenes, narrowing the investigative area down to approximately one square km. While detailed sampling did not yield statistically significant results, the evidence provided crucial insights, aiding investigators in working out what happened and helped in building a narrative around their case. The analysis indicated contact with a primary scene where the victim was likely dragged (over a Calcisol) and a final deposition site (over an Andosol) where the body was found. While potential murder sites were excluded, final guilt attribution remained inconclusive, and as in all trace evidence evaluation, it is not the role of the forensic soil scientist to consider the level of guilt, but to provide factual soil forensic evidence to assist the justice system. This study exemplifies the use of soil forensics in informing criminal investigations and highlights the complexities that can be involved in establishing comparability between soil samples.
Do Mouth‐Infecting Parasites Alter the Foraging Ecology of Host Fish? A Test With the Parasitic Copepod Salmincola markewitschi and White‐Spotted Charr Salvelinus leucomaenis
Authors: Hasegawa Ryota , Koizumi Itsuro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Many parasites infect host mouth cavities and are expected to physically impede host foraging. Despite these potential impacts, few studies have evaluated host foraging activities and their findings are equivocal.

We examined the effects of the mouth‐infecting copepod, Salmincola markewitschi, on wild white‐spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis foraging using stomach contents analysis. Because the mouth‐infecting copepod occupies a large space in the host mouth cavity, we hypothesized that infected fish exhibit reduced stomach fullness and total prey consumed compared to uninfected fish. In addition, we also hypothesized that infected fish shift their main diets from terrestrial to aquatic invertebrates because parasites reduce host activity, body condition and competitive ability.

Contrary to our predictions, stomach fullness and total prey consumed were not significantly different between infected and uninfected fish: smaller infected fish consumed more prey. We also found that smaller infected hosts foraged on a lower proportion of terrestrial invertebrates than their uninfected counterparts.

Our results suggest that small infected fish increased foraging activities to compensate for energetic loss induced by infection. They also shifted their diet from large terrestrial to small aquatic invertebrates, possibly due to physical impediments and reduced competitive abilities associated with copepod infection.

Our study indicates that mouth‐infecting parasites affect host foraging ecology, but the impacts are weaker than expected and depend on host body size. Nonetheless, behavioural shifts could have important ecological consequences such as loss of host fitness and strengthening trophic cascades in aquatic ecosystems.
A Railway Carpenter in the History of Technology?: New Opportunities From Modern South Asia
Authors: Lanzillo Amanda 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article examines interconnected questions that are central to new scholarship on the history of technology in modern South Asia. Which communities, groups and individuals have formed and sustained relationships with knowledge and practices that are seen as representative of technological modernity? Why were some individuals and communities understood—by both the state and various South Asian publics—to be cultivators of technological knowledge, while others were not? And to what degree were claims on technical knowledge and practice made and sustained through South Asian “vernacular” languages, practices, and conceits? The article integrates Punjabi verses written by an early 20th‐century railway carpenter with an analysis of current historiographical trends. In doing so, it explores both the opportunities and limitations of the new social historical turn in the history of technology in South Asia. I argue that recent efforts to expand the “who” of the South Asian history of technology must lead us to new approaches to the social role of technology itself, and to new considerations of technology's relationship with science, labor, the environment, and material culture.
Myxofibrosarcoma with epithelioid morphology: A clinicopathological study of 44 cases with emphasis on differential diagnosis
Authors: Isaacson Alexandra L , Berry Ryan S , Ulici Veronica , Armstrong Susan M , Bena James , John Ivy , Karunamurthy Arivarasan , Billings Steven D , Dermawan Josephine K , Goldblum John , Kilpatrick Scott E , Rubin Brian P , Fritchie Karen J 
Published: November 2024

AimsEpithelioid myxofibrosarcoma (eMFS) is an aggressive morphological variant associated with high rates of local recurrence and metastatic disease. The clinicopathological understanding of this disease is currently limited to a few small case‐series.Methods and resultsWe reviewed 44 cases of eMFS and classified them based on the presence of focal (< 50%) or diffuse (> 50%) epithelioid morphology and Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) grade. The patients (28 males; 16 females) had a median age of 71 years (range = 14–90 years). The proximal extremity was the most common site (n = 21), followed by the trunk (n = 11), distal extremity (n = nine) and head/neck (n = two). Of cases with known depth of involvement (n = 41), 39 involved the subcutis, one was limited to the dermis and one limited to the skeletal muscle. Most cases (n = 34, 77%) demonstrated diffuse (> 50%) epithelioid morphology and were FNCLCC grade 3 (n = 29, 66%). Follow‐up data were available for 22 patients. Two developed local recurrence and 10 developed metastases, frequently to regional lymph nodes. All metastatic tumours had a primary lesion with diffuse epithelioid morphology (P = 0.09). There was no association between grade and recurrent or metastatic disease (P = 0.67 and 0.90, respectively). Three cases initially diagnosed as eMFS, one in the neck and two in the axilla, were found to have NRAS Q61R mutations and a high tumour mutation burden and/or ultraviolet (UV)‐light DNA mutational signature.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that UV‐driven malignancies (including melanoma or sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma) may histologically mimic eMFS and should be considered in cases of eMFS presenting at atypical anatomical sites.
Aerosols Contamination in the Dental Practice Following Everyday Procedures: An Observational Study
Authors: Mensi Magda , Donnet Marcel , Marchetti Silvia , Mantelli Luca , Scotti Eleonora , Sordillo Annamaria , Calza Stefano , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of the present observational study was to evaluate the bacterial load in the air following various dental procedures.MethodsAir contamination following seven aerosol‐generating dental procedures was assessed. The air volume was sampled by a wet cyclone collector for 10 min during 10 sessions of the following procedures: air‐polishing, ultrasonic instrumentation, manual instrumentation, rubber cup polishing, cavity preparation with a 1:5 red contra‐angle, cavity preparation with turbine and Low Volume Evacuator (LVE), and cavity preparation with turbine and High Volume Evacuator (HVE). Contamination of the sampled solution was determined using ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) quantification of the viable bacterial count, and compared to baseline measurements.ResultsThe baseline air contamination was 1.45 (0.85–2.04) CFUs/L of air. The highest increase in air contamination was observed after the use of a turbine with LVE, with an average of 7.38 (95% CI 3.87–10.89) CFUs/L of air (p < 0.01). The use of the turbine with HVE and the use of the red hand‐piece resulted in non‐significant increases in bacterial counts compared to baseline (2.98 [1.34–4.63] and 2.70 [0.18–4.22] CFUs/L of air respectively). The application of air polishing, ultrasonic instrumentation, hand instrumentation and rubber cups did not result in a higher bacterial count than the baseline.ConclusionRoutine professional oral hygiene procedures do not increase air contamination. However, cavity excavation with LVE creates a significantly higher bacterial count in the air.
An Evaluation of a New Ultrasonic Water Irrigator in the Management of Gingival Health: A Randomised Study
Authors: Bissett Susan M. , Gulakova Polina , Unbereit Katrin , Seymour Robin A. , Preshaw Philip M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis randomised, single‐blind, controlled study aimed to compare daily adjunctive use of an ultrasonic water irrigation device to dental floss in controlling plaque and gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to either daily use of an ultrasonic water irrigator or dental floss as an adjunct to manual toothbrushing for 4 weeks, with periodontal assessment repeated at 1 and 4 weeks after baseline (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index [PI], Loe and Silness Gingival Index [GI] and bleeding on marginal probing [BOMP]).ResultsSixty‐two participants completed the investigation. Statistically significant reductions in total and marginal PI at Weeks 1 and 4 were noted in both groups compared to baseline (p < 0.05) with no significant differences between groups. BOMP and GI scores were likewise significantly reduced in both groups at Weeks 1 and 4 compared to baseline (p < 0.01). However, at Week 4, those using the ultrasonic water irrigator showed a significantly greater reduction in GI scores when compared to the floss group (−0.35 ± 0.26 vs. −0.16 ± 0.25, respectively, p < 0.01) and a significantly greater reduction in BOMP scores when compared to floss (−0.26 ± 0.12 vs. −0.15 ± 0.15, respectively, p < 0.01). Those using the ultrasonic water irrigator also reported easier usage scores (p < 0.05) when compared to the floss group.ConclusionDaily use of the ultrasonic water irrigator resulted in significantly greater reductions in gingival inflammation (gingival index and BOMP) than dental floss after 4 weeks, whereas plaque removal was similarly effective using the irrigator or floss.
Preparation of chemically strengthened glass with varying B2O3/SiO2 ratios using spodumene mineral residue
Authors: Gu Yuxin , Wang Fu , Zhu Hanzheng , Xu Guoliang , Liao Qilong , Liu Laibao , Dan Yong , Zhao Peng , Liu Yunxiu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study pioneers the use of spodumene mineral residue as a primary raw material for producing chemically strengthened glass, addressing concerns related to sustainable waste management. The resulting glasses achieve over 90% transparency at 550 nm, with compressive stress exceeding 1000 MPa and Vickers hardness surpassing 6.6 GPa. As the B2O3/SiO2 ratio increases, the depth of the compressive stress layer (DOL) of the samples shows a trend of initially decreasing and then stabilizing (DOL: 16–24 µm). The compressive stress (CS) of all samples >1000 MPa. Analysis reveals that [BO4] units hinder ion exchanges while [BO3] promote strengthening. Furthermore, as the B2O3/SiO2 ratio increases, the refractive index rises, thermal stability decreases, and density initially increases before decreasing, while the trend for molar volume is opposite to that of density. This study provides a potential application solution for the treatment of spodumene mineral residue, promoting green and circular economic development.
Perceptual Experiences of Autistic People With an Intellectual Disability and People With Williams Syndrome: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis
Authors: Elise Freya , Irvine Brian , Brinkert Jana , Hamilton Charlie , Farran Emily K. , Milne Elizabeth , Scerif Gaia , Remington Anna 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAutistic people without intellectual disabilities have increased perceptual capacity: they can process more information at any given time compared to non‐autistic people. We examined whether increased perceptual capacity is evident across the autistic spectrum (i.e. for autistic people with intellectual disabilities) and whether it is specific to autism, or also experienced by people with Williams Syndrome (WS).MethodsFive autistic adults with intellectual disabilities and five adults with WS took part in accessible, qualitative interviews. Responses were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsBoth groups expressed enjoyment of focussed attention, with autistic participants preferring multiple simultaneous inputs. Responses suggested increased perceptual capacity for autistic participants only. The sensory environment was reported to be anxiety‐inducing for both groups.ConclusionsThis study gives preliminary evidence that increased perceptual capacity may be universal across the autistic spectrum, and specific to autism. Understanding differences in capacity offers more targeted suggestions to support sensory challenges.
Hospital and Post‐Discharge Mortality in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Ventricular Ectopy
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Coleman Kristie M. , Cunn Gregory , Kleiman Jeremy , Kossack Andrew , Bimal Tia , Ansari Umair , Yang Bo , Gabriels James , Ismail Haisam , Gandomi Amir , Fishbein Joanna , Mountantonakis Stavros E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionVentricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were associated with increased hospital mortality in the early revascularization era.ObjectiveExamine the predictive value of VPDs and their morphology for hospital and post‐discharge mortality in patients admitted for ACS.MethodsWe identified patients admitted with ACS across 13 Northwell Health Hospitals from 2015 to 2021 and had VPDs captured on a 12‐lead ECG or full disclose telemetry. We characterized and reported descriptively the VPDs based on bundle branch block pattern (right or RBBB vs. left or LBBB), frontal (inferior vs. superior) and horizontal (leftward vs. rightward) axis, QRS width, and coupling interval (CI). Hierarchical generalized linear mixed modeling was used to assess the association between VPDs and hospital mortality, while Cox regression was used for post‐discharge mortality.ResultsOf 18 009 patients admitted for ACS, we identified 627 patients with VPDs with complete data (65.7% RBB, 49.9% superior, and 63.4% leftward axis). Mean VPD QRS width and CI were 175 ± 30 and 523 ± 157 ms, respectively. Hospital mortality was higher in the VPD group (7.8% vs. 4.9%, p < 0.001) with most common mode of death being arrhythmic (28.1% vs. 14.5%). After adjusting for clinical covariates, only VPDs with RBBB patterns were associated with hospital mortality (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.06−4.82). Conversely, age‐adjusted post‐discharge mortality was higher only for patients with superior axis VPDs (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13−2.24).ConclusionAmong patients with VPDs during an ACS admission, presence of RBBB pattern predicts hospital mortality, whereas superior axis is associated with post‐discharge mortality.
Gestational diabetes in early pregnancy is associated with postpartum glucose intolerance: A perspective from the diabetes and pregnancy outcome for mother and baby study in Japan
Authors: Yokoyama Maki , Miyakoshi Kei , Iwama Noriyuki , Yamashita Hiroshi , Yasuhi Ichiro , Kawasaki Maki , Arata Naoko , Sato Shiori , Imura Yuko , Waguri Masako , Kawaguchi Haruna , Masaoka Naoki , Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Hiramatsu Yuji , Sugiyama Takashi ,   DREAMBee Study Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Group
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo compare perinatal outcomes and postpartum glucose tolerance between women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) before 20 weeks of gestation (EGDM) and those diagnosed at or after 24 weeks of gestation (LGDM) in a Japanese population.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from a prospective GDM registry. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the association between the timing of GDM diagnosis (EGDM vs LGDM) and perinatal outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, and neonatal hypoglycemia), as well as postpartum glucose intolerance.ResultsA total of 1,275 mother‐infant pairs were analyzed for perinatal outcomes. Of these, 924 women underwent postpartum testing for glucose intolerance. No significant differences in perinatal outcomes were observed between the EGDM and LGDM groups, except that overweight/obese women with EGDM had 2.5‐fold higher rate of preterm birth than those with LGDM. Postpartum glucose intolerance was 1.5 times more likely in the EGDM group than in the LGDM group.ConclusionsWomen with EGDM had a significantly higher risk of postpartum glucose intolerance than those with LGDM, despite similar perinatal outcomes between the two groups.
Evaluating Large Language Model‐Assisted Emergency Triage: A Comparison of Acuity Assessments by GPT‐4 and Medical Experts
Authors: Haim Gal Ben , Saban Mor , Barash Yiftach , Cirulnik David , Shaham Amit , Eisenman Ben Zion , Burshtein Livnat , Mymon Orly , Klang Eyal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the accuracy of the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) assignments by GPT‐4, a large language model (LLM), compared to senior emergency department (ED) nurses and physicians.MethodAn observational study of 100 consecutive adult ED patients was conducted. ESI scores assigned by GPT‐4, triage nurses, and by a senior clinician. Both model and human experts were provided the same patient data.ResultsGPT‐4 assigned a lower median ESI score (2.0) compared to human evaluators (median 3.0; p < 0.001), suggesting a potential overestimation of patient severity by the LLM. The results showed differences in the triage assessment approaches between GPT‐4 and the human evaluators, including variations in how patient age and vital signs were considered in the ESI assignments.ConclusionWhile GPT‐4 offers a novel methodology for patient triage, its propensity to overestimate patient severity highlights the necessity for further development and calibration of LLM tools in clinical environments. The findings underscore the potential and limitations of LLM in clinical decision‐making, advocating for cautious integration of LLMs in healthcare settings.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines for reporting observational studies.
Who's on the boss's radar? Examination of the antecedent and consequence of leader voice solicitation
Authors: Pang Xingyu , Zhang Limei , Liu Zhaopeng , Liu Mingyue , Xia Yuhuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhilst the existing literature highlights the importance of leader voice solicitation, limited research has explored its antecedent and consequence from a dyadic perspective. To fill this gap, we draw on signalling theory to investigate the effect of subordinate narcissism on leaders' voice solicitation behaviour towards them and its potential impacts on subordinates' work‐related outcomes. We conducted two field studies with subordinate–leader dyadic samples (Ns = 453 and 393) to test our theoretical model. Both studies showed a positive relationship between subordinate narcissism and leader voice solicitation towards the subordinates, which strengthened as the quality of leader–member exchange increased. Moreover, we found that leader voice solicitation was positively related to subordinates' work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour, and negatively related to their intention to leave. We also found evidence supporting the mediation and moderated mediation models. Our research provides theoretical and practical implications for voice solicitation literature.
A comparison of veterinary classification schemes, serum ascites albumin gradient, and Boyer's criteria in discriminating transudates from exudates in ascitic dogs
Authors: Busato F. , Gianesini G. , Drigo M. , Zoia A. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the parameters utilised by and the diagnostic performance of two traditional veterinary classification schemes (named A and B) based on ascites total protein and total nucleated cell count, the Boyer's criteria based on ascites lactic dehydrogenase activity, its serum ratio and the serum total protein, a simplified Boyer's criteria based on ascites lactic dehydrogenase activity and serum total protein only, and finally the serum‐ascites albumin gradient in discriminate the pathophysiological origin of the ascites formation in dogs.Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional study including 291 client‐owned dogs with ascites. Ascites aetiology was used to classify the pathophysiology of its formation. Parameters measured and calculated included ascites total protein, ascites total nucleated cell count, ascites lactic dehydrogenase activity and its serum ratio, serum total protein, and the serum‐ascites albumin gradient.ResultsThere were 33 transudates due to decreased colloid osmotic pressure, 69 transudates due to increased hydrostatic pressure gradient, and 189 exudates. Simplified Boyer's criteria misclassified 16 of 291 ascites (94.5% accuracy; 95% confidence interval: 91.2 to 96.8) and Boyer's criteria misclassified 21 of 291 ascites (92.8% accuracy; 95% confidence interval: 89.2 to 95.5). The traditional veterinary classification scheme B misclassified 71 of 291 ascites (75.6% accuracy; 95% confidence interval: 70.3 to 80.4) and scheme A 130 of 291 (55.3% accuracy; 95% confidence interval: 49.4 to 61.1). Finally, the serum‐ascites albumin gradient misclassified 100 of 291 ascites (65.6% accuracy; 95% confidence interval: 59.9 to 71.1).Clinical SignificanceThe Boyers' criteria and a simplified Boyer's criteria were highly accurate in discriminating exudates from transudates, while the other classification schemes had significantly less diagnostic value in doing so.