bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between factors related to atopic disease and glaucoma in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Tseng Victoria L , Lee Janet , Yu Fei , Sirsy Omar , Coleman Anne L 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested associations between glaucoma and serum sensitization to specific allergens. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between inciting factors for atopic disease, atopic diseases and symptoms, and glaucoma in the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: The study population included adult participants of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. Inciting factors for atopic disease included pet ownership, mildew/musty smell in home, cockroaches in home, use of water treatment devices, and crowded living conditions. Atopic diseases and symptoms included hay fever, eczema, any allergy, sneezing problems, and sinus infections. The outcome was glaucoma defined by the Rotterdam criteria. Covariates included age, gender, ethnicity, and allergy-related medication use. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between each exposure and glaucoma prevalence, controlling for all covariates. Statistical analyses were weighted by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey multistage sampling design. Results: The weighted study population included 83,205,587 subjects, of whom 2,657,336 (3.2%) had glaucoma. After adjusting for covariates, factors associated with increased glaucoma included cat ownership (odds ratio =1.99, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–3.87) and mildew/musty smell in home (odds ratio = 1.95, 95% confidence interval = 0.99–3.84; borderline significance), while history of eczema was associated with decreased glaucoma (odds ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.02–0.99). Conclusion: In National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, self-reported cat ownership is associated with increased glaucoma prevalence, while a mildew/musty smell in home may have a borderline association with increased glaucoma prevalence. These findings are possibly related to laboratory associations identified in the same population and further studies are needed to identify potential mechanisms to explain these associations.
Surface integrity of polyethylene liners following trunnionosis of a dual modular neck total hip implant
Authors: Spiegelberg Ben GI , Lanting Brent A , Howard James L , Teeter Matthew G , Naudie Douglas DR 
Published: May 2018

Background: There has been a trend in the evolution of total hip arthroplasty towards increased modularity; with this increase in modularity come some potentially harmful consequences. Modularity at the neck shaft junction has been linked to corrosion, adverse reaction to metal debris and pseudotumour formation. Aim: The aim of this retrieval study is to assess whether the surface integrity of the polyethylene (PE) liner is affected by metal wear debris in a single implant design series of THA revised for trunnionosis. Methods: A retrieval analysis of thirty dual-taper modular neck hip prostheses was performed; the mean time from implantation to revision was 2.7 years (1.02–6.2). PE liners were analysed using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer to assess for metal particles embedded on the liner surface. Serum metal ion levels and inflammatory markers were also analysed. Results: There were small numbers of metal particles present on the PE liners. The mean number of metal particles per liner was four and the particles varied in size from 0.5 µm to 122 µm mean 16 µm. All patients had elevated metal ion levels: cobalt 6.02 µg/l, chromium 1.22 µg/l, titanium 3.11 µg/l. The cobalt:chromium ratio was 7.55:1. Inflammatory markers were also marginally raised (ESR 17; CRP 10). Conclusion: These results suggest that retention of PE liners may be reasonable when performing isolated revision of the femoral component in cases of failure at the modular neck stem junction, especially when the inner diameter of the liner is already optimised for head size and stability.
Relationship between muscular and bony anatomy in native hips: a theoretical background for approach-specific implant positioning
Authors: Akgün Doruk , von Roth Philipp , Winkler Tobias , Perka Carsten , Trepczynski Adam , Preininger Bernd 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between bony joint orientation and the distribution of hip musculature. Methods: The bone anatomy of the hip (femoral antetorsion (AT), acetabular anteversion (AV), and combined anteversion (AV/AT)) and the muscle volume of the gluteal muscles and the tensor fasciae latae were analysed bilaterally using computed tomography data of 49 patients. Muscle force direction (MFD) was determined for each muscle. The total MFD of the hip musculature was calculated and then correlated with the bony anatomy. Results: The mean AV, AT, and AV/AT were 21.9° ± 5.9°, 7.22° ± 7.4°, and 29.2° ± 9°, respectively. We found the following mean muscle volumes: gluteus maximus: 780 ± 227 cm3, gluteus medius: 322 ± 82 cm3, gluteus minimus: 85 ± 20 cm3, and tensor fasciae latae: 68 ± 22 cm3. The mean MFD was 18.92° ± 1.29°. We found a uniform distribution of the musculature that was not correlated with the bone anatomy. Conclusion: This study highlights the variability in native acetabular and femoral anatomy and that bone hip anatomy does not correlate with the distribution of hip musculature. Although native acetabular anteversion matches the suggested targets for cup insertion, native combined anteversion is not related to current implant insertion targets. Understanding native muscular anatomy and the alterations that occur with different surgical approaches can serve as an explanatory model for THAs that has become unstable despite the components being implanted within the safe zone.
Bilateral total hip arthroplasty: one-stage versus two-stage procedure
Authors: Taheriazam Afshin , Mohseni Gholamreza , Esmailiejah Ali A , Safdari Farshad , Abrishamkarzadeh Hashem 
Published: May 2018

Background: Despite several studies, controversy has prevailed over the rate of complications following 1-stage and 2-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). In the current study, we compare the complications and functional outcomes of 1-stage and 2-stage procedures. Methods: One hundred and eighty patients (ASA class I or II) with bilateral hip osteoarthritis were assigned randomly to two equal groups. The two groups were matched in terms of age and sex. All of the surgeries were performed via the Hardinge approach using uncemented implants. In 2-stage procedures, surgeries were performed with a 6-month to 1-year interval. All patients were evaluated 1 year postoperatively. Results: The Harris Hip Score (HHS) averaged 84.1 and 82.6 in 1-stage and 2-stage groups, respectively ( p = 0.528). The hospital stay was significantly longer in the 2-stage group (9.8 days vs. 4.9 days). The cumulative haemoglobin drop and the number of transfused blood units were the same. One patient in each group developed symptomatic deep venous thrombosis which was managed successfully. There was no patient with perioperative death, pulmonary embolism, infection, dislocation, periprosthetic fracture or heterotrophic ossification. No patient required reoperation. Two patients in the 1-stage group developed unilateral temporary peroneal nerve palsy, which was resolved after 3–4 months. Conclusion: 1-stage bilateral THA can be used successfully for patients with bilateral hip disease without increasing the rate of complications. Functional and clinical outcomes are comparable and hospital stay is significantly shorter.
Association between Abdominal Free Fluid and Postoperative Complications and Mortality in Patients with Small-Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Pinar I. , Abdul-Wahid W. , Fransgaard T. , Gögenur I. 
Published: May 2018

Background and Aims: Small-bowel obstruction is a frequent cause of hospitalization. The condition is potentially life-threatening, causing many admission days and is a heavy burden socioeconomically. Patients with small-bowel obstruction may develop abdominal free fluid and the quality of this fluid may be predictive of worse outcomes. Our aim was to examine whether the presence of free fluid and its density, measured on computed tomography scans, was associated with severe complications and mortality postoperatively. Materials and Methods: Patients admitted to the Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital with a diagnosis of small-bowel obstruction between January 2010 and December 2015 were included. Medical records were reviewed and preoperative computed tomography scans were examined. A radiologist blinded to the outcomes reviewed all Hounsfield unit values of the free fluid. The primary outcomes evaluated were odds ratios of the severity of complications and hazard ratios of 30- and 90-day mortality postoperatively. Results: A total of 289 patients were included. Analyses revealed an adjusted odds ratio of 1.03 (95%confidence interval = 0.93–1.15) between the presence of free fluid and postoperative complications and an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.28 (95% confidence interval =  0.80–2.05, p = 0.30) of the 30-day mortality in this patient group. Furthermore, the analyses revealed an adjusted odds ratio of 1.22 (95% confidence interval 0.98–1.52) between the density of the free fluid > 20 Hounsfield unit and postoperative complications and an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.85 (95% confidence interval =  0.28–2.63, p = 0.78) of the 30-day mortality. Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between the presence of free fluid nor its density in regard to postoperative complications or mortality in patients with small-bowel obstruction.
A randomized controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of a topical gentamicin–collagen sponge in diabetic patients with a mild foot ulcer infection
Authors: Uçkay Ilker , Kressmann Benjamin , Di Tommaso Sébastien , Portela Marina , Alwan Heba , Vuagnat Hubert , Maître Sophie , Paoli Christophe , Lipsky Benjamin A 
Published: May 2018

Objectives: The initial phase of infection of a foot ulcer in a person with diabetes is often categorized as mild. Clinicians usually treat these infections with antimicrobial therapy, often applied topically. Some experts, however, believe that mild diabetic foot ulcer infections will usually heal with local wound care alone, without antimicrobial therapy or dressings. Methods: To evaluate the potential benefit of treatment with a topical antibiotic, we performed a single-center, investigator-blinded pilot study, randomizing (1:1) adult patients with a mild diabetic foot ulcer infection to treatment with a gentamicin–collagen sponge with local care versus local care alone. Systemic antibiotic agents were prohibited. Results: We enrolled a total of 22 patients, 11 in the gentamicin–collagen sponge arm and 11 in the control arm. Overall, at end of therapy, 20 (91%) patients were categorized as achieving clinical cure of infection, and 2 (9%) as significant improvement. At the final study visit, only 12 (56%) of all patients achieved microbiological eradication of all pathogens. There was no difference in either clinical or microbiological outcomes in those who did or did not receive the gentamicin–collagen sponge, which was very well tolerated. Conclusion: The results of this pilot trial suggest that topical antibiotic therapy with gentamicin–collagen sponge, although very well tolerated, does not appear to improve outcomes in mild diabetic foot ulcer infection.
Prevalence and Consequences of Injuries in Powerlifting: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Strömbäck Edit , Aasa Ulrika , Gilenstam Kajsa , Berglund Lars 
Published: May 2018

Background: Powerlifting consists of the squat, bench press, and dead lift, and extreme loads are lifted during training and competitions. Previous studies, which have defined an injury as an event that causes an interruption in training or competitions, have reported a relatively low frequency of powerlifting injuries (1.0-4.4 injuries/1000 hours of training). No previous study has investigated the prevalence of injuries, defined as a condition of pain or impairment of bodily function that affects powerlifters’ training, in a balanced sample of men and women, and no studies have established possible risk factors for an injury. Purpose: To investigate the prevalence, localization, and characterization of injuries among Swedish subelite classic powerlifters, with an emphasis on differences between men and women, and to investigate whether training and lifestyle factors are associated with an injury. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 53 female and 51 male Swedish subelite powerlifters answered an online questionnaire including questions about background characteristics, training habits, and lifestyle factors. The main part of the questionnaire included questions about injuries and their consequences. An injury was defined as a condition of pain or impairment of bodily function that affects powerlifters’ training. Results: Seventy percent (73/104) of participants were currently injured, and 87% (83/95) had experienced an injury within the past 12 months. The lumbopelvic region, shoulder, and hip were the most commonly injured areas for both sexes. Women experienced a significantly greater frequency of injuries in the neck and thoracic region than men. Injuries seemed to occur during training, although only 16% (11/70) of those currently injured had to completely refrain from training. Training frequency, greater personal best in the dead lift, injury onset during bench-press and dead-lift training, use of straps, alcohol consumption, and dietary issues were associated with current injuries. Conclusion: Injuries are very common in subelite powerlifters. Men and women report similar injury frequencies but different anatomic locations. These injuries do not prevent powerlifters from training and competing, but they may change the content of training sessions. Why powerlifters develop injuries is still unclear; however, it is likely that the management of training loads and optimization of the lifting technique during the squat, bench press, and dead lift are of importance.
CTCF boundary remodels chromatin domain and drives aberrant HOX gene transcription in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Luo Huacheng , Wang Fei , Zha Jie , Li Haoli , Yan Bowen , Du Qinghua , Yang Fengchun , Sobh Amin , Vulpe Christopher , Drusbosky Leylah , Cogle Christopher , Chepelev Iouri , Xu Bing , Nimer Stephen D. , Licht Jonathan , Qiu Yi , Chen Baoan , Xu Mingjiang , Huang Suming 
Published: May 2018

Key Points
CRISPR-Cas9 library screening identifies CBS7/9 boundary that defines an aberrant HOXA chromatin domain and HOX gene transcription in AML. Attenuation of CBS7/9 boundary impairs the leukemic transcription program and attenuates leukemic progressions in AML mouse models.
Model-based meta-analysis to evaluate optimal doses of direct oral factor Xa inhibitors in atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Yoshioka Hideki , Sato Hiromi , Hatakeyama Hiroto , Hisaka Akihiro 
Published: May 2018

Key Points
Simulations suggested that the dose reduction of rivaroxaban would decrease fatal events associated with major bleeding. Dose optimization of FXa inhibitors might further enhance their therapeutic benefit.
Establishing a Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program in Botswana
Authors: Slone Jeremy S. , Slone Amanda K. , Wally Oaitse , Semetsa Pearl , Raletshegwana Mpho , Alisanski Susan , Force Lisa M. , Chinyundo Kamusisi , Margolin Judith , Agrawal Anurag K. , Anderson Alan R. , Scheurer Michael E. , Mehta Parth S. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose Annually, 300,000 children are diagnosed with cancer, and the majority of these children live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Currently, there is incomplete information on pediatric cancer incidence, diagnosis distribution, and treatment outcomes in Africa. Since 2007, a pediatric hematology-oncology program has been operating in Botswana through a partnership between the Botswana government, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital. Methods To better understand patient characteristics and outcomes at Botswana’s only pediatric cancer program, a hospital-based data base—the Botswana Pediatric Oncology Database—was established in 2014. Children younger than 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis who presented between 2008 and 2015 were included. Data for this study were extracted in February 2016. Results Of the 240 potential enrollees, 185 (77%) children met eligibility for this study. The median age was 6.4 years, and 50.8% were male. Leukemia was the most common malignancy representing 18.9% of the cohort and 88.1% of the total cohort had a histopathologic diagnosis. HIV seropositivity was confirmed in 13.5%. The 2-year overall survival of all pediatric cancer diagnoses was 52.4%. Abandonment of treatment occurred in 3.8% of patients. Conclusion In the first 9 years of the program, capacity has been developed through a longstanding partnership between Botswana and Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital that has led to children receiving care for cancer and blood disorders. Although continued improvements are necessary, outcomes to date indicate that children with cancer in Botswana can be successfully diagnosed and treated.
The Dog That Almost Barked: What the ACA Repeal Fight Says about the Resilience of the American Welfare State
Authors: Hacker Jacob S. , Pierson Paul 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The 2017 GOP drive to “repeal and replace” the Affordable Care Act (ACA) arguably constituted the most ambitious effort to dismantle a social program in American history. Certainly it was the most ambitious to come so close to enactment, falling just three votes short in the Senate. According to an extensive body of scholarship, this near miss should have been nearly impossible. The political fallout associated with dismantling social programs, as well as their entrenchment in social and economic life, should deter electorally sensitive politicians from undertaking retrenchment of the scale Republicans sought. To unravel this mystery, we explain how the radicalization of the GOP is rooted in distinct electoral and organizational realities that have simultaneously increased the party's desire to move right and its capacity to do so—even when the policies that Republicans seek to enact are distinctly unpopular. We also explain why the ACA was underentrenched and why Republicans believed they could use legislative procedures and policy design to minimize the risks they faced. Finally, we highlight some new barriers to retrenchment in this age of “asymmetric polarization.” The hurdles facing retrenchment—in particular, the sway of national public opinion—have not simply diminished; they have changed, in ways that should be incorporated into our theories.
Health Policy and White Nationalism: Historical Lessons, Disruptive Populism, and Two Parties at a Crossroads
Authors: Morone James A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Trump administration's effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act (ACA) broke with Republican health care policies that stretch back more than six decades to the early Eisenhower administration. While Republicans have always opposed Democratic plans, once in office they generally found creative, market-oriented ways to try to extend access to health care. This article summarizes the health policy legacy of past Republican administrations, contrasts it to the Trump administration's repeal and replace effort, and locates that effort in a larger political context: the rise of white nationalism. White nationalism erodes the social capital that fosters social welfare policies; it challenges the basic idea of a right to health care. White nationalism is an old urge that rises with a new twist in the Trump era: the political parties, which historically diffused conflicts about American identity, have for the first time become divided by ideology, by race, and by immigration status. As a result, racialism and nativism may be more difficult to contain, for the parties now amplify questions of national identity. Health policy debate has become connected to something more powerful and fundamental: the definition of America and Americans.
1H-NMR as implemented in several origin of life studies artificially implies the absence of metabolism-like non-enzymatic reactions by being signal-suppressed
Authors: Keller Markus A. , Driscoll Paul C. , Messner Christoph B. , Ralser Markus 
Published: May 2018

Background. Life depends on small subsets of chemically possible reactions. A chemical process can hence be prebiotically plausible, yet be unrelated to the origins of life. An example is the synthesis of nucleotides from hydrogen cyanide, considered prebiotically plausible, but incompatible with metabolic evolution. In contrast, only few metabolism-compatible prebiotic reactions were known until recently. Here, we question whether technical limitations may have contributed to the situation. Methods: Enzymes evolved to accelerate and control biochemical reactions. This situation dictates that compared to modern metabolic pathways, precursors to enzymatic reactions have been slower and less efficient, yielding lower metabolite quantities. This situation demands for the application of highly sensitive analytical techniques for studying ‘proto-metabolism’. We noticed that a set of proto-metabolism studies derive conclusions from the absence of metabolism-like signals, yet do not report detection limits. We here benchmark the respective 1H-NMR implementation for the ability to detect Krebs cycle intermediates, considered examples of plausible metabolic precursors. Results: Compared to metabolomics ‘gold-standard’ methods, 1H-NMR as implemented is i) at least one hundred- to thousand-fold less sensitive, ii) prone to selective metabolite loss, and iii) subject to signal suppression by Fe(II) concentrations as extrapolated from Archean sediment. In sum these restrictions mount to huge sensitivity deficits, so that even highly concentrated Krebs cycle intermediates are rendered undetectable unless the method is altered to boost sensitivity. Conclusions 1H-NMR as implemented in several origin of life studies does not achieve the sensitivity to detect cellular metabolite concentrations, let alone evolutionary precursors at even lower concentration. These studies can hence not serve as proof-of-absence for metabolism-like reactions. Origin of life theories that essentially depend on this assumption, i.e. those that consider proto-metabolism to consist of non-metabolism-like reactions derived from non-metabolic precursors like hydrogen cyanide, may have been derived from a misinterpretation of negative analytical results.