bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Birth Spacing among the Agrarian Families in a North Jordanian Village
Authors: Alakkam Abdulla 
Published: October 2019

Increasing the world population in the poor countries who have limited food resources and a limited number of economic strategies has become a matter of interest, especially in the last two decades. This study has been done to illuminate the factors that affected birth spacing and then the total population number among the agrarian families in al-Mazar village in north Jordan. This site was chosen because of its unique historical and economic situation. The agrarian families in al-Mazar village had faced severe economic and political difficulties especially before 1973 by depending only on agriculture as the main economic strategy. They were forced to cultivate as much land as they could to obtain optimal yields. This study concluded that frequent births were practiced by families that owned large areas of agricultural lands to increase family size and the size of the yearly harvest by having more potential workers in the fields. This study shows that the abandonment of land by the farmers from 1940-1948 produced long interbirth intervals and the same thing had happened after 1973 (the last Arab-Israeli war) when the economic situation had started to improve. Short birth spacing was achieved by practicing early infant weaning, food supplementation to infants during breastfeeding and by the abandonment of breastfeeding for long hours of the day when mothers had worked in the field and left their infants at home.
Race and Independent Living among Elderly Brazilians Since 1980
Authors: Devos Susan , Andrade Fla Via 
Published: October 2019

This article investigates gender differences in gender-role attitudes in two societies with the same cultural heritage and identifies factors differentiating patterns of women’s and men’s attitudes. The data were collected from two surveys conducted in Taiwan and coastal China during 1996 97, with a total of 2.801 and 2,907 completed interviews, respectively, used in the analysis. Latent Class Analysis revealed two similar latent forms of gender-role attitudes for both genders in the two societies. Most of the respondents, with more males than females and more coastal Chinese than Taiwanese, were classified as holding “traditional type” attitudes. The gender gap in traditional attitudes was larger in Taiwan than in coastal China. The factors differentiating women’s patterns of attitudes from men’s found in Taiwan support the perspectives of gendered self-interest and paternal role-model. Urbanization and cohort effects were more significant in coastal China, showing that political ideology and policy implementation in different stages and regions shape gender-role attitudes in different societies. This study supports the importance of incorporating gender analysis into interpretations of societal differences in the ways gender-role attitudes are structured.
Intergenerational Assistance and Parental Marital Status in the US and Australia
Authors: Rezac Sandra J. 
Published: October 2019

The likelihood of assistance being exchanged between adult offspring (aged 27 to 44) and their parents is examined in the United States and Australia. Of particular concern is the role of parental marital status in exchanges ofassistance. Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Australian Family Formation Project, Stage 2 (AFFP2) and the USA-based National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH). Questions were asked ofthe offspring, concerning the amount of financial, social/emotional, and instrumental help they give to or receive from their parents. The findings indicate that divorce has similar roles in intergenerational exchanges in Australia and in the USA, with offspring from divorced families reporting receiving less help from their parents than those from continuously married families. Offspring in both countries generally report exchanging less assistance with widowed fathers than continuously married parents. This highlights the importance ofwomen in keeping ties with the extended family. Australian offspring appear to be more likely than American offspring to give help (particularly instrumental help) to widowed mothers. This greater assistance from offspring, combined with greater support from the government, may indicate that widowed mothers in Australia are receiving greater assistance than similar mothers in the USA. Overall the similarities in these western post-industrial societies seem to outweigh the differences in divorce rates and government programs and result in largely similar patterns of intergenerational helping.
Divorce: A Structural Problem not just a Personal Crisis
Authors: Al-Kazi Lubna Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

Social Change has transformed societies globally through the spread of education, the evolution of formal labor markets and the new roles individuals now play in the development of their societies. Just as economic institutions have been affected so have social institutions like the family, been transformed. Urbanization has led to the disintegration of the joint family to the independent, small, nuclear family. With residential autonomy and lack of control from the joint family elders, divorce rates have been rising universally. This paper studies the trend of Divorce in Kuwaiti Society. Kuwait is an oil rich Gulf state where rapid economic development has been witnessed for over four decades. Urbanization and the Governments’ Welfare policies have helped young married couples to move to new areas and establish their homes. While social allowances for wife, children, etc were intended to help the Kuwaiti family, cope with the rising cost of living, divorce rates did not decline. Through Vital Statistics, data from the court of Justice and past research, the paper tries to examine the characteristics of those getting divorced. What factors have had an effect on this trend - education, age at marriage, women’s labor force participation? How has the State attempted to help divorced women to readjust? Modernization has led to contradictions and challenges - weakening of the family support systems, legal reforms and a new awareness of rights and duties among the two sexes. How can these changes shed light on the problem of divorce? This study attempts to explain why divorce is a problem in Kuwait and some possible solutions to reduce the negative impact of divorce on future generations.
The Two Faces of Policy: Divorce Reform in Western Democracies
Authors: Stetson Dorothy M. 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to characterize the recent reforms in divorce laws in a number of Western democratic countries, including, the United States Canada Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, and Italy. Various types of policy are discussed with emphasis on the extent to which they are effective in achieving stated goals of family stability. The pattern of government involvement in divorce is reviewed and alternative policies for reform are described. The comparison of the statutes that have recently been revised indicates that although governments formally seek to maintain standards of marital stability, none provides effective means for state action to assist in achieving the goal. Although reforms have different provisions of procedures (no fault, breakdown, expanded fault grounds), the effect is the same: a couple who desires a divorce can obtain one, and the government has no power to prevent the breakup. Several reasons for the gap between public goals and private action in the area of divorce are discussed as they pertain to the various countries studied: (1) influence of raligious pressure groups; (2) lack of adequate knowledge of family patterns among legislators ; (3) weak mobilization of interests in support of adequate government regulation or services to maintain family stability. The conclusion of the paper relates the findings about divorce reform to the larger matter of policy capabilities. The situation with regard to divorce reform is an example of the gap between real policy output (divorce by consent) and symbolic pol icy output (marital stability). The findings represent an interesting reversal of the Edelman thesis that real policy output benefits organized interests while the people receive mostly symbolic output. In the case of divorce policy, the symbolic output satisfies interest groups, especially religious groups, and the real output answers needs of married couples for access to divorce.
Some Aspirations of Lower Class Black Mothers
Authors: Jackson Roberta H. 
Published: October 2019

In the past, maternal aspirations for offspring of lower class black mothers have been subjected to various myths or allegations. This study attempts to contribute to our understanding of the attitudes of indigent black mothers toward the future success of their children. Data on family size, education, income and aspirations for offspring were collected from 441 ghetto dwelling black mothers. Analyses of findings revealed that the 3 independent variables: family size, education and income, had a significant influence upon the aspirations of the lower class black female parents. The weight of available evidence suggests that: (1) the majority of indigent black mothers have positive aspirations for their Children; (2) those mothers who lived in families of above average size and those who had attained 9 or more years of formal training thought more positively about the future success of their children than other indigent black mothers; (3) the percentage of positive maternal aspirations f or children increases as levels of income and education become higher in the homes of lower class black mothers; and (4) female parents in low socioeconomic black families have become increasingly aware of the necessity of encouraging their children, regardless of sex; to obtain an education.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SABUT KELAPA ( Cocos nucifera L) DAN SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elais guineensis JACQ) SEBAGAI KOMBINASI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN PAPAN PARTIKEL
Authors: Maulana Adam , Udiantoro Udiantoro , Agustina Lya 
Published: October 2019

The utilization of coconut fiber that has not been optimal is one of the opportunities so that the waste has added value, one of which is to process it into particle board. Objective research is to best composition particle board making from coconut coir waste material and TKKS to produce qualified particle board. The method used was a complete randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatment, single factor treatment ie the composition of raw materials in the form of coconut husk and TKKS. Comparison of the particle-making composition of particle board P0: 100% coco fiber: 0% of oil palm empty bunch fibers, P1: 75% : 25%, P2: 50% : 50%, P3: 25% : 75%, P4: 0% : 100%. Best results the combination of raw material composition of particle board is in the treatment of P0 (100% coco fiber: 0% of oil palm empty bunch fiber) with a density value of 0.43 g / cm³, moisture content 7.0%, Modulus of Elasticity - MoE 2.037.45 kg / cm2 and the Modulus of Rupture - MoR 46.14 kg / cm².
USAHATANI PEPAYA CALIFORNIA: ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANASIAL SUATU STUDI KASUS DI DESA BENDANG RAYA KECAMATAN TENGGARONG KABUPATEN KUTAI KERTANEGARA
Authors: Dwijatenaya Ida Bagus Made Agung , Nugroho Agung Enggal , Iskandar Ahmad 
Published: October 2019

The aims of this experiment was to determine the effect of the application of Agrib Compost liquid organic fertilizer to the growth of bud grafting seedling of Lai (Durio kutejensis HASSK. BECC) var. Mahakam. The experiment used a Randominzed Block Design (RCBD) with Agrib Compost liquid organic fertilizer treatment (P) 8 level and 3 tests made up of p0 = without treatment (control), p1 = (2 ml L-1 water), p2 = (4 ml L-1 water), p3 = (6 ml L-1 water), p4 = (8 ml L-1 water), p5 = (10 ml L-1 water), p6 = (12 ml L-1 water), p7 = (14 ml L-1 water). The result of the experiment indicated that the treatment of Agrib Compost liquid organic fertilizer, it had a very significant effect to the age of broken buds but had no significant effect to the length of bud parameters, the number of leaves and the diameter of the stem. The treatment of Agrib Compost liquid organic fertilizer 14 ml L-1 water, providing better growth in age parameters of broken buds, bud length, and the number of leaves.
THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION AND FAMILY SUPPORT FOR STUDENTS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL II PRODI
Authors: Safitri Faradilla , Sasmita Feni 
Published: October 2019

Learning achievement is thehuman levelof the studentsin accepting, rejecting, andassess theinformation obtainedin the learning process. The are many factors manyfactorsthat influence the successprocess in the learning, such as learning motivationandfamily support. Students' motivationbecome a low, so the quality of achievement will be low. Therefore, the quality ofthestudents'learning achievementneeds to be increased continuously in order forstudentsto havea strongmotivation to learn, so that thelearning performancecan be achievedoptimally. In theirfamilystudents needed the support of their parentsin achievinglearning achievement, because the supportandattentionwilldetermine thestudentsreached a highacademic achievement. The purposeof thisstudywas to determine the"influence of motivation andfamily supporton student achievementlevelIIProdiD-III MidwiferySTIKesU'BudiyahBanda Aceh". This research isanalyticwith cross sectional approach. The populationinthis study were allsecondlevel studentsProdiD-III Midwifery, amounting to 73people. The sampling techniquetotal samplingwithcriteriaentiresecondlevel studentsare activein thefourth semester ofthe academic year2012/2013is73people. The research instrumentused questionnairesandtranscripts. This study was conductedon 20August to24 August, 2013. The results of this analysis study showed that there is influence of motivation on student achievement in grades P-Value = 0.000 (P <0.05) and no family support influences on student achievement in grades P-Value = 0.000 (P <0.05) . Based on the results of this study concluded that there was a significant relationship between motivation and family support on student achievement. Expected as input to the students and families that motivation and family support plays an important role in improving student achievement.Keywords: Motivation, family support, academic achievement
THE PARENTING TRAINING MODEL BASED ON SPIRITUAL INTELLEGENCE TO IMPROVE THE MOTHER TO CHILD CARE IN THE FAMILY
Authors: Ilham Asni 
Published: October 2019

The main problem of this research is the low level of maternal care in the family. This is probably caused by the limited frequencies of the maternal participation in the parenting training programs. In response tothis phenomenonrequired anefforttoempowerthemotherby giving themthe knowledgeandskills necessaryto implementgood parenting. Womenempowermentprogramimplementedthroughtraining. Inthisstudywillbe implemented the parenting training model based on spiritual intelligence, which isalleged to be effectiveforimprovingmother’s behavior infamily child care. The theoretical foundation of this research is the concept of parenting training model, adult education concept, the child family care, the spiritual intelligence concept, and the concept of early childhood education.The method that usedinthis studywasa quasi-experimental. The designisthe design(pretest -posttest) agroup(the one grouppretest-posttest design). Groups ofsubjectsweremothersof young childreninearly childhoodAlmourkyGorontalodistrict, amounting to 30 people. The techniques of data collection were using tests, interviews, questionnaires, observation, and documentation study. The analysis technique that usedtotest thehypothesesisthe analysis ofparametricstatisticaldifference test. This testwilllook atdifferent groups ofmothersbeforeand after thetrainingconducted. The statistical test used the two side t test with correlated sample The results ofdata processingshowthatthe parentingtraining model based on spiritual intelligence was effectiveforimprovingmother’s behaviorinfamily child care. This is evidenced bytheresults of testingthe hypothesis thatthere is asignificant differencebothtoaspects of knowledge, skills, attitudesandmothers behavior infamily child carebeforeandafter the training.The findings of this research show that the parenting training model based on spiritual intelligence effectively helped to improve the knowledge, skills and attitudes of mothers, hence of impact on improving maternal childcare in the family. Keywords: Child-Care, Spiritual Intelligence, and Parenting Training Model
Faktor- Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Upaya Pencegahan HIV/ AIDS pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Banda Aceh Tahun 2016
Authors: Husna Asmaul , Fonna Munirah Dara 
Published: October 2019

Menurut data Depkes (2012) dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2012, jumlah kasus HIV di Indonesia sebanyak 21.511 kasus dan AIDS sebanyak 5.686 kasus yang tersebar di 386 dari 498 kabupaten/kota di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia, dengan kasus terbanyak berasal dari Provinsi Papua.Menurut data komulatif kasus HIV/AIDS terbanyak pada usia 20-29 tahun sebanyak 45,4% dan terendah pada usia 40-49 tahun sebanyak 9,9%, dengan faktor risiko terbanyak adalah melalui heteroseksual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/ AIDS Pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Banda Aceh. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 8 Kota Banda Aceh yang berjumlah 244 yang terbagi dalam 8 kelas. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 18 November sampai dengan 23 November Tahun 2016. Sampel adalah sebagian atau wakil dari polulasi yang diteliti. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel total (total sampling) yaitu seluruh siswa di SMA kelas X di SMA Negei 8 Kota Banda Aceh sebanyak 244 siswa siswi. Hasil analisis bivariat Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/ AIDS Pada Siswa SMA Negeri 8 Banda Aceh, diperoleh p-value = 0,008 (p<0,05), Terdapat hubungan antara informasi dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/ AIDS Pada Siswa SMA Negeri 8 Banda Aceh, diperoleh p-value = 0,007 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan yang di dapat dari penenelitian sebagai berikut terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/ AIDS Pada Siswa SMA Negeri 8 Banda Aceh, diperoleh p-value = 0,008 (p<0,05), Terdapat hubungan antara informasi dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/ AIDS Pada Siswa SMA Negeri 8 Banda Aceh, diperoleh p-value = 0,007 (p<0,05).
Hubungan Status Gizi dan Genetik dengan Usia Menstruasi Pertama (Menarche) pada Siswi SMP Negeri 17 Banda Aceh Tahun 2016
Authors: ZA Raudhatun Nuzul , Maulidani Maulidani 
Published: October 2019

Menarche merupakan tanda awal masuknya seorang perempuan dalam masa reproduksi. Berdasarkan hasil riset kesehatan dasar tahun 2010 terdapat 5,2% anak-anak di 17 Provinsi di Indonesia telah memasuki usia menarche di bawah usia 12 tahun. Menarche dapat terjadi lebih awal pada usia 9-10 tahun atau lebih lambat pada usia 17 tahun. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari SMP Negeri 17 Banda Aceh terdiri dari 27 kelas dengan jumlah keseluruhan sisiwi putri 372 orang. terdapat bahwa hampir seluruh siswi yang mengalami menarche pada usia >12 tahun. Metode Penelitian :Jenis penelitian bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan crossectional yang dilakukan di SMP Negeri 17 Banda Aceh pada bulan Juni jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 79 orang dengan tehknik random sampling Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan uji statistik menggunakan Uji korelasi. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, adanya hubungan status Gizi Dengan Usia Menstruasi Pertama (Menarche) Pada Siswi, dengan nilai P value=0,000 adanya hubungan genetik Dengan Usia Menstruasi Pertama (Menarche) Pada Siswi, dengan nilai P value=0,000. Ada hubungan antara status gizi, genetik dengan usia menstruasi pertama (Menarche) Diharapkan unutk dapat menambah pengetahuan siswa tentang hubungan status gizi dan genetik dengan usia menarche.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kesadaran Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di Lingkungan Lanud Maimun Saleh Sabang
Authors: Priatna Hendri , Andika Fauziah 
Published: October 2019

Masalah adanya kasus kecelakaan maupun kecelakaan kerja , hal ini tentu saja harus dapat menjadi perhatian dari manajemen kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di Lanud Maimun Saleh agar dapat meminimalisir lagi kasus terjadinya kecelakaan maupun penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh kelalaian dan lingkungan kerja sehingga kesehatan setiap personil dapat terpelihara dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesadaran keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di lingkungan Lanud Maimun Saleh Sabang. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan, pada tanggal 22 s/d 25 November 2017. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh personil Lanud Maimun Saleh sebanyak 47 orang. pengambilan dengan cara total sampling Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara selanjutnya dilakukan dengan uji chi-square. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari hasil univariat kesadaran personil terhadap keselamatan dan keseahatan kerja yang tinggi 27 orang (57,4%), perilaku positif 25 orang (53,2%), lingkungan kerja baik 29 orang (61,7%), perilaku (p-value = 0,002), lingkungan ( p-value = 0,020). Ada hubungan antara prilaku dan lingkungan dengan kesadaran keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di lingkungan Lanud Maimun Saleh Sabang. Diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada personilnya agar berhati-hati dalam menjaga dirinya keselematan dan kesehatan kerja.Kata kunci: kesadaran keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, perilaku, lingkungan
Formulasi Lotion Ekstrak Air Daun Tahi Ayam (Tageteserecta L.) sebagai Repellent Nyamuk
Authors: Nufus Nurhayatun , Saisa Saisa , Ramadhani Diah , Nurman Saifauqi , Meilina Rulia 
Published: October 2019

Ekstraksi merupakan salah satu teknik pemisahan kimia untuk memisahkan atau menarik satu atau lebih komponen atau senyawa-senyawa (analit) dari suatu sampel dengan menggunakan pelarut tertentu yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi lotion dan menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak air sebagai repellent nyamuk. Ekstraksi daun tahi ayam (Tageteserecta L.) diperoleh melalui proses sokletasi dengan pelarut air pada suhu 100oC disuling selama 8 jam, 1 kg daun tahi ayam (Tageteserecta L.) menghasilkan ekstrak sebanyak 35 mL dengan karakteristik fisik berupa cairan kental berwarna kuning kecoklatan dan beraroma khas daun tahi ayam (Tageteserecta L.) dengan hasil rendemen sebesar 3,5 % (v/b). Pengujian organoleptis lotion ekstrak air daun tahi ayam menunjukkan bahwa semua sediaan berbentuk agak kental, dengan pH sebesar 6 dan 7. Pengamatan homogenitas terhadap sediaan lotion menunjukkan bahwa semua sediaan bersifat homogen serta tidak terjadinya iritasi. Hasil uji Repellent menunjukkan persentasi daya proteksi terbaik terdapat pada menit ke-0 pada tiap konsentrasi yaitu sebesar 69% pada formula I dengan konsentrasi 8 %, sebesar 73,23 % pada formula II dengan konsentrasi 10%, dan sebesar 76,75 % pada formula III dengan konsentrasi 12%, sedangkan basis lotion (kontrol negatif) tidak menghasilkan daya proteksi. Secara keseluruhan hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa Lotion ekstrak air dauntahiayam (Tageteserecta L.) dengan konsentrasi 12 % paling efektif sebagai repellent nyamuk Aedesaegypti.KataKunci: Tageteserecta (L.), lotion, ekstrak air, repellent nyamuk