bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic periodontitis is associated with erectile dysfunction. A case–control study in european population
Authors: Martín Amada , Bravo Manuel , Arrabal Miguel , Magán‐Fernández Antonio , Mesa Francisco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the association between chronic periodontitis and erectile dysfunction adjusting for biochemical markers and other comorbidities.MethodsA case–control study was conducted on 158 male patients; 80 cases with erectile dysfunction according to the International Index of Erectile Function and 78 controls. Sociodemographic data were gathered, and a periodontal examination was performed. Testosterone, lipid profile, C‐reactive protein and glycaemic parameters were assessed. All variables were compared between groups, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results74% of the cases were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Number of sites with pocket probing depth 4‐6 mm (p = 0.05) and number of sites with clinical attachment loss >3 mm (p < 0.01) were higher in the cases. Triglycerides (p < 0.01), C‐reactive protein (p = 0.02) and glycosylated haemoglobin (p = 0.04) were also higher in the cases. Logistic regression showed that patients with chronic periodontitis were more likely to have erectile dysfunction (OR=2.17; 95% CI (1.06–4.43); p = 0.03) independently of other confounders.ConclusionPatients with erectile dysfunction showed worse periodontal condition. Chronic periodontitis seems to play a key role as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction independently of other morbidities.
Neighborhood Physical Disorder and Early Delinquency Among Urban Children
Authors: Gold Sarah , Nepomnyaschy Lenna 
Published: May 2018

The neighborhoods in which children grow up have consequences for their short‐ and long‐term well‐being. Although most neighborhood research measures disadvantage at the census tract level, more proximate physical characteristics of neighborhoods may be more relevant indicators of neighborhood quality for the well‐being of young children. Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study explores the association between these more proximate indicators of neighborhood physical disorder measured across childhood (ages 3 to 9) and early delinquency at age 9. Descriptive results (N = 2,989) indicate that exposure to neighborhood physical disorder across childhood is common among children in urban areas. Multivariate analyses suggest that exposure to neighborhood physical disorder, particularly for older children, is strongly associated with a higher likelihood of engagement in early delinquent behaviors, over and above family and census tract‐level measures of disadvantage. Associations remain robust to numerous supplementary analyses and alternate specifications.
Effects of harvesting mediated by dispersal traits
Authors: Cantrell R. S. , Cosner C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTrait‐mediated behavioral responses to other species, especially predators, can have important effects on the dynamics of populations. One effect is to modify dispersal patterns, which in turn can modify population dynamics and species interactions. We model a situation where a focal population responds to disturbances created by the harvesting of another population by increasing the rate of random dispersal by individuals. The model shows that in some situations this effect can result in the extinction of the focal population, even if it is not itself subject to harvesting. This observation suggests that it may be desirable to consider trait‐mediated effects when assessing the possible impacts of harvesting on conservation.Recommendations for Resource Managers
Be aware that harvesting a given crop or population can affect other populations because of their behavioral responses to the harvesting activity, even if it does not directly impose mortality on those populations or change their interactions with other species.
A way that harvesting activity can affect nonharvested populations is to increase their dispersal rate. Managers should be aware that this has the potential to cause extinction in some situations even if no other effects of harvesting are present.
For some populations, harvesting resources with which they interact or share an environment could in principle cause both direct and indirect effects, which could combine to have a different, perhaps greater, impact than either one would have separately.
Triarabinosylation is required for nodulation‐suppressive CLE peptides to systemically inhibit nodulation in Pisum sativum
Authors: Hastwell April H. , Corcilius Leo , Williams James T. , Gresshoff Peter M. , Payne Richard J. , Ferguson Brett J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLegumes form root nodules to house beneficial nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia bacteria. However, nodulation is resource demanding; hence, legumes evolved a systemic signalling mechanism called autoregulation of nodulation (AON) to control nodule numbers. AON begins with the production of CLE peptides in the root, which are predicted to be glycosylated, transported to the shoot, and perceived. We synthesized variants of nodulation‐suppressing CLE peptides to test their activity using petiole feeding to introduce CLE peptides into the shoot. Hydroxylated, monoarabinosylated, and triarabinosylated variants of soybean GmRIC1a and GmRIC2a were chemically synthesized and fed into recipient Pisum sativum (pea) plants, which were used due to the availability of key AON pathway mutants unavailable in soybean. Triarabinosylated GmRIC1a and GmRIC2a suppressed nodulation of wild‐type pea, whereas no other peptide variant tested had this ability. Suppression also occurred in the supernodulating hydroxyproline O‐arabinosyltransferase mutant, Psnod3, but not in the supernodulating receptor mutants, Pssym29, and to some extent, Pssym28. During our study, bioinformatic resources for pea became available and our analyses identified 40 CLE peptide‐encoding genes, including orthologues of nodulation‐suppressive CLE peptides. Collectively, we demonstrated that soybean nodulation‐suppressive CLE peptides can function interspecifically in the AON pathway of pea and require arabinosylation for their activity.
Systematic Review and Quality Appraisal of Practice Guidelines for Self‐Harm in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Courtney Darren B. , Duda Stephanie , Szatmari Peter , Henderson Joanna , Bennett Kathryn 
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to systematically identify and appraise clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) relating to the assessment and management of suicide risk and self‐harm in children and adolescents. Our research question is as follows: For young people (under 18 years old) presenting to clinical care with suicide ideation or a history of self‐harm, what is the quality of up‐to‐date CPGs? Using the PRISMA format, we systematically identified CPGs meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, two independent raters conducted appraisals of the eligible CPGs using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. CPGs were then classified as “poor quality,” “minimum quality,” and “high quality” using operationally defined criteria developed a priori. We identified 10 eligible CPGs published or renewed between 2005 and May 2017. Only the long‐term management of self‐harm CPGs produced by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence met “high‐quality” criteria. Despite multiple options of CPGs published to choose from, only one was identified as “high quality,” where bias is adequately minimized. Clinicians are advised to direct resources to implementing the “high‐quality” CPG.
In vivo confocal microscopy characteristics of equine epithelial and subepithelial nonulcerative keratomycosis
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. , Irby Nita L. , Teixeira Leandro B.C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the in vivo confocal microscopy features of horses with epithelial and subepithelial nonulcerative keratomycosis.Animals studiedFour horses with a clinical diagnosis of epithelial or subepithelial keratomycosis.ProceduresHorses were examined on one or more occasions by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy of the cornea. Confocal microscopic examination characteristics were correlated with clinical, cytological, and histopathological findings for the horses.ResultsAll horses had an irregular corneal epithelial surface during slit‐lamp biomicroscopy examination. Epithelial or subepithelial corneal opacities were present in multifocal or diffuse patterns. Positive rose bengal corneal staining was present focally or diffusely in all cases. Fungal hyphae were detected in cytological or histopathological corneal samples from all horses.Aspergillus,Fusarium, andPenicilliumspp. were cultured from corneal samples. Confocal microscopy detected hyphae diffusely distributed over the axial cornea in horses with epithelial clinical disease. Fungal hyphae were present in all layers of the corneal epithelium and associated with disorganized and sloughing epithelial cells with minimal leukocytes. Subepithelial keratomycosis was correlated with focal, dense accumulations of hyphae in the immediate subepithelial anterior stroma that were surrounded by moderate numbers of leukocytes. Two horses were examined by confocal microscopy on multiple occasions during the course of medical therapy, and fungal hyphae were observed to migrate from the epithelium into the subepithelial stroma as the clinical corneal disease progressed.ConclusionsWith in vivo confocal microscopy, both epithelial and subepithelial keratomycosis appear as unique clinical entities. Equine epithelial keratomycosis is a potential precursor to subepithelial keratomycosis.
Antimicrobial Resistance in
Acinetobacter
spp. and
Pseudomonas
spp
Authors: Lupo Agnese , Haenni Marisa , Madec Jean-Yves 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The nonfermenting bacteria belonging to
Acinetobacter
spp. and
Pseudomonas
spp. are capable of colonizing both humans and animals and can also be opportunistic pathogens. More specifically, the species
Acinetobacter baumannii
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
have been recurrently reported as multidrug-resistant and even pandrug-resistant in clinical isolates. Both species were categorized among the ESKAPE pathogens, ESKAPE standing for
Enterococcus faecium
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
A. baumannii
,
P. aeruginosa
, and
Enterobacter
species. These six pathogens are the major cause of nosocomial infections in the United States and are a threat all over the world because of their capacity to become increasingly resistant to all available antibiotics.
A. baumannii
and
P. aeruginosa
are both intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics due to complementary mechanisms, the main ones being the low permeability of their outer membrane, the production of the AmpC beta-lactamase, and the production of several efflux systems belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division family. In addition, they are both capable of acquiring multiple resistance determinants, such as beta-lactamases or carbapenemases. Even if such enzymes have rarely been identified in bacteria of animal origin, they may sooner or later spread to this reservoir. The goal of this article is to give an overview of the resistance phenotypes described in these pathogens and to provide a comprehensive analysis of all data that have been reported on
Acinetobacter
spp. and
Pseudomonas
spp. from animal hosts.
Verbal autopsy in health policy and systems: a literature review
Authors: Thomas Lisa-Marie , D’Ambruoso Lucia , Balabanova Dina 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionEstimates suggest that one in two deaths go unrecorded globally every year in terms of medical causes, with the majority occurring in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This can be related to low investment in civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems. Verbal autopsy (VA) is a method that enables identification of cause of death where no other routine systems are in place and where many people die at home. Considering the utility of VA as a pragmatic, interim solution to the lack of functional CRVS, this review aimed to examine the use of VA to inform health policy and systems improvements.MethodsA literature review was conducted including papers published between 2010 and 2017 according to a systematic search strategy. Inclusion of papers and data extraction were assessed by three reviewers. Thereafter, thematic analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted in which evidence was critically examined and key themes were identified.ResultsTwenty-six papers applying VA to inform health policy and systems developments were selected, including studies in 15 LMICs in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and South America. The majority of studies applied VA in surveillance sites or programmes actively engaging with decision makers and governments in different ways and to different degrees. In the papers reviewed, the value of continuous collection of cause of death data, supplemented by social and community-based investigations and underpinned by electronic data innovations, to establish a robust and reliable evidence base for health policies and programmes was clearly recognised.ConclusionVA has considerable potential to inform policy, planning and measurement of progress towards goals and targets. Working collaboratively at sub-national, national and international levels facilitates data collection, aggregation and dissemination linked to routine information systems. When used in partnerships between researchers and authorities, VA can help to close critical information gaps and guide policy development, implementation, evaluation and investment in health systems.
Insulin sensitivity assessed using urine C peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) in pregnancy: cross-sectional analysis of an English multiethnic cohort
Authors: Markoska Ankica , Mendoza Lilian C , Valaiyapathi Rajalakshmi , Thorn Chloe , Dornhorst Anne 
Published: May 2018

AimsTo assess urinary C peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) used in a modified Matsuda equation to measure insulin sensitivity (IS) in pregnancy.Research and design methodsIn this cross-sectional study, two IS measurements were calculated in 73 pregnant women at ~28 weeks of gestation by two separate methods using modified Matsuda equations. The first using the 0 and 120 min serum C peptide concentration during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the second using the 0 and 120 min UCPCR values. The calculated IS measurements from the two methodologies were evaluated using Person’s test and linear regression analysis. The relationship between ISOGTTUCPCR and the fasting second void UCPCR and 120 min UCPCR was assessed using Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis after logarithmic transformation of the variables. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V.22.ResultsThe IS measured using serum C peptide (ISOGTTc-pep) in the modified Matsuda equation correlated with the IS measurement using serum UCPCR (ISOGTT-UCPCR) (r 0.704, p<0.0001). A strong correlation was found between the ISOGTT-UCPCRand the fasting UCPCR (r −0.916, p<0.0001), displaying a hyperbolic relationship.ConclusionThe UCPCR provides a practical methodology to assess IS and β-cell function in pregnancy.
Gender disparities in first medical contact and delay in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a prospective multicentre Swedish survey study
Authors: Sederholm Lawesson Sofia , Isaksson Rose-Marie , Ericsson Maria , Ängerud Karin , Thylén Ingela 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesCompare gender disparities in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) regarding first medical contact (FMC) and prehospital delay times and explore factors associated with prehospital delay in men and women separately.DesignCross-sectional study based on medical records and a validated questionnaire. Eligible patients were enrolled within 24 hours after admittance to hospital.SettingPatients were included from November 2012 to January 2014 from five Swedish hospitals with catheterisation facilities 24/7.Participants340 men and 109 women aged between 31 and 95 years completed the survey.Main outcome measuresFMC were divided into five possible contacts: primary healthcare centre by phone or directly, national advisory nurse by phone, emergency medical services (EMS) and emergency room directly. Two parts of prehospital delay times were studied: time from symptom onset to FMC and time from symptom onset to diagnostic ECG.ResultsWomen more often called an advisory nurse as FMC (28% vs 18%, p=0.02). They had a longer delay until FMC, 90 (IQR 39–221) vs 66 (28–161) min, p=0.04 and until ECG, 146 (68–316) vs 103 (61–221) min, p=0.03. Men went to hospital because of believing they were stricken by an MI to a higher extent than women did (25% vs 15%, p=0.04) and were more often recommended to call EMS by bystanders (38% vs 22%, p<0.01). Hesitating about going to hospital and experiencing pain in the stomach/back/shoulders were factors associated with longer delays in women. Believing the symptoms would disappear or interpreting them as nothing serious were corresponding factors in men. In both genders bystanders acting by contacting EMS explained shorter prehospital delays.ConclusionsIn STEMI, women differed from men in FMC and they had longer delays. This was partly due to atypical symptoms and a longer decision time. Bystanders acted more promptly when men than when women fell ill. Public knowledge of MI symptoms, and how to act properly, still seems insufficient.
Determinants of seat belt use behaviour: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Ghaffari Mohtasham , Armoon Bahram , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Mehrabi Yadollah , Soori Hamid , Simsekoghlu Ozelem , Harooni Javad 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionThe use of seat belts could prevent severe collision damage to people in vehicle accidents and keep passengers safe from sustaining serious injuries; for instance, it could prevent passengers from being thrown out of a vehicle after the collision. The current systematic review will identify and analyse the determinants of seat belt use behaviour.Methods and analysisWe will include qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies reporting the acquired data from passengers aged more than 12 years and drivers, from both commercial and personal vehicles. Online databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and PsycINFO will be investigated in the current study. Published and available articles will be evaluated according to their titles and abstracts. Published papers conforming to the inclusion criteria will be organised for a complete review. Next, the full text of the remaining articles will be studied independently for eligibility by two authors. The quality of the selected studies will be assessed with appropriate tools. Based on the information obtained from the data extraction, the type of determinants of seat belt use will be classified.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required, because this is a protocol for a systematic review and no primary data will be collected. The authors will ensure to maintain the rights of the used and included articles in the present systematic review. The findings of this review will be published in a relevant peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017067511.
Surficial sediment failures due to the 1929 Grand Banks Earthquake, St Pierre Slope
Authors: Schulten Irena , Mosher David C. , Krastel Sebastian , Piper David J. W. , Kienast Markus 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

A
M
w
7.2 earthquake centred beneath the upper Laurentian Fan of the SW Newfoundland continental slope triggered a damaging turbidity current and tsunami on 18 November 1929. The turbidity current broke telecommunication cables, and the tsunami killed 28 people and caused major infrastructure damage along the south coast of Newfoundland. Both events are believed to have been derived from sediment mass failure as a result of the earthquake. This study aims to identify the volume and kinematics of the 1929 slope failure in order to understand the geohazard potential of this style of sediment failure. Ultra-high-resolution seismic reflection and multibeam swath bathymetry data are used to determine: (1) the dimension of the failure area; (2) the thickness and volume of failed sediment; (3) fault patterns and displacements; and (4) styles of sediment failure. The total failure area at St Pierre Slope is estimated to be 5200 km
2
, recognized by escarpments, debris fields and eroded zones on the seafloor. Escarpments are typically 20–100 m high, suggesting failed sediment consisted of this uppermost portion of the sediment column. Landslide deposits consist mostly of debris flows with evidence of translational, retrogressive sliding in deeper water (>1700 m) and evidence of instantaneous sediment failure along fault scarps in shallower water (730–1300 m). Two failure mechanisms therefore seem to be involved in the 1929 submarine landslide: faulting and translation. The main surficial sediment failure concentrated along the deep-water escarpments consisted of widely distributed, translational, retrogressive failure that liquefied to become a debris flow and rapidly evolved into a massive channelized turbidity current. Although most of the surficial failures occurred at these deeper head scarps, their deep-water location and retrogressive nature make them an unlikely main contributor to the tsunami generation. The localized fault scarps in shallower water are a more likely candidate for the generation of the tsunami, but further research is needed in order to address the characteristics of these fault scarps.
Microvascularization is not a limiting factor for exercise in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Andersen Ida Torp , Harrison Adrian , Broholm Rikke , Harder Anja , Nielsen Jens Bo , Bülow Jens , Pingel Jessica 
Published: May 2018

Muscle contractures are a common complication in patients with central nervous system (CNS) lesions which limit range of movement and cause joint deformities. Furthermore, it has previously been shown that muscles with contractures have a reduced number of capillaries, indicating decreased tissue vascularization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microvascular volume (MV) at rest and after acute exercise in the muscle tissue of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and healthy control individuals. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used before and after 30 min of walking or running on a treadmill in 10 healthy control participants and 10 individuals with CP to detect MV of their skeletal muscle tissue. A significant increase in the MV was observed after exercise both in the adult CP group (21–53 yr) and in the control group (21–52 yr) (1.8 ± 0.8 ΔdB to 3.1 ± 0.9 ΔdB or 42.9% and 1.5 ± 0.6 ΔdB to 2.5 ± 0.9 ΔdB or 39.0%, respectively). Furthermore, a difference in the resting MV was observed between the most severe cases of CP [gross motor function classification scale (GMFCS) 3 and 4] (2.3 ± 0.5 ΔdB) and the less severe cases (GMFCS 1 and 2) (1.5 ± 0.2 ΔdB). When the CP group was walking (3.4 km/h), the lactate levels, Borg score, and heart rate matched the level of controls when they were running (9.8 km/h). In conclusion, individuals with CP become exhausted at much lower exercise intensities than healthy individuals. This is not explained by impaired microvascularization, since the MV of the individuals with CP respond normally to increased O2demand during acute exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cerebral palsy (CP) patients were less physically active compared with typically developed individuals. This may affect the microvascularization. We observed that the CP group became exhausted at much lower exercise intensities compared with healthy individuals. However, impaired microvascularization was not the reason for the decreased physical activity as the CP group responded normally to increased O2demand during acute exercise. These results indicate that walking may be recommended as an intervention to train and maintain skeletal muscle tissue in individuals with CP.