bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoradiation versus Oesophagectomy for Locally Advanced Oesophageal Cancer in Chinese patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jia Ruinuo , Yin Weijiao , Li Shuoguo , Li Ruonan , Yang Junqiang , Shan Tanyou , Zhou Dan , Wang Wei , Wan Lixin , Zhou Fuyou , Gao Shegan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: Surgery is the gold standard treatment for local advanced disease, while definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (DCRT) is recommended for those who are medically unable to tolerate major surgery or medically fit patients who decline surgery. The primary aim of this trial is to compare the outcomes in Chinese oesophageal squamous cell cancer patients with locally advanced resectable disease who have received either surgery or DCRT. Methods/design: One hundred ninety-six patients with T1bN+M0 or T2-4aN0-2M0 oesophageal squamous cell cancer will be randomized to the DCRT group or the surgery group. In the DCRT group, patients will be given intensity modulation radiation therapy (IMRT) with 50 Gy/25 fractions and basic chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) regimens. In the surgery group, patients will receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and standard oesophagectomy. Five years of follow-up will be scheduled for patients. The primary endpoints are 2-year/5-year overall survival; the secondary endpoints are 2-year/5-year progression-free survival, treatment-related adverse events and the patients’ quality of life. The main evaluation methods include oesophagoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography and biopsy, oesophageal barium meal, CT, PET-CT, blood tests, and questionnaires. Discussion: The preponderant oesophageal cancer pathology type is dramatically different in western Caucasian and Asian oesophageal cancer patients: Caucasian patients present with 80% adenocarcinomas, and Asians patients present with 95% squamous cell carcinomas. This phenomenon needs more in-depth studies to elucidate the differences in these populations. Based on the results of this study, we will show whether DCRT will benefit patients more than oesophagectomy. It will contribute more evidence to the management of oesophageal squamous cell cancer. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02972372; registered on November 26, 2016；the URL of the trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02972372?term=shegan+gao&rank=1
Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Tase Saho , Shimizu Toshiki , Hayashi Takahiko , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Niimi Koji , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Kato Naoko 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and features of Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 37 DMEK cases were reviewed from available medical records. Patients who exhibited endothelial dysfunction derived from PEX or Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and successfully underwent cataract surgery approximately four weeks before DMEK were enrolled. The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), and incidence of intra-operative/post-operative complications of DMEK were analyzed.

Results: This study included 14 eyes of 14 patients (PEX: n=6, FECD: n=8). There was no primary graft failure. In the PEX group, BSCVA improved from 0.67 ± 0.28 preoperatively to 0.43 ± 0.14 at 1 month, 0.27 ± 0.10 at 3 months, and 0.19 ± 0.08 at 6 months after DMEK. The donor corneal ECD was 2,704 ± 225 cells/mm2 preoperatively and decreased to 1,691 ± 498 cells/mm2 at 1 month, 1,425 ± 366 cells/mm2 at 3 months, and 1,281 ± 340 cells/mm2 (52.7 ± 11.7% less than ECD of the donor graft) at 6 months after DMEK. None of the patients required rebubbling. When compared with the FECD group, no statistical difference was observed in CCT (p=0.821); BSCVA (p=0.001) and the reduction rate of ECD (p=0.010) were comparatively worse.

Conclusions: DMEK is effective for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction due to PEX.
Reliability of pleth variability index in predicting preload responsiveness of mechanically ventilated patients under various conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Xu Chao , Wang Min , Niu Zheng , Qi Dun yi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: Goal-directed volume expansion is increasingly used for fluid management in mechanically ventilated patients. The Pleth Variability Index (PVI) has been shown to reliably predict preload responsiveness; however, a lot of research on PVI has been published recently, and update of the meta-analysis needs to be completed.
Methods: We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (updated to November 7, 2018) and the associated references. We also contacted relevant authors and researchers.
Results: Twenty-five studies with 975 patients were included in this meta-analysis. All patients were mechanically ventilated. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to predict preload responsiveness in patients was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 - 0.85). The pooled sensitivity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.67-0.85) and the pooled specificity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.71-0.82). The results of the without undergoing surgery subgroup (AUC =0.86, Youden index =0.65) and ICU subgroup (AUC =0.89, Youden index =0.67) were reliable.
Conclusion: The reliability of the PVI is limited, but the PVI can play an important role in bedside monitoring for mechanically ventilated patients who are not undergoing surgery. Patients who are expanded with colloid and patients who undergoing cardiac surgery may be more suitable for PVI.
El acto cognoscitivo en la perspectiva de Juan Duns Escoto
Authors: Elías Gloria Silvana 
Published: March 2019

Este trabajo propone abordar, desde el enfoque de Juan Duns Escoto, los actos cognoscitivos humanos, concretamente el conocimiento por intuición y por abstracción, y dejar planteada la vinculación con la especie inteligible y el contendido intencional de la misma. Para ello, se centrará principalmente en el análisis de la Quaestio Quodlibetal xiii, en la que Escoto desarrolla uno de los nudos problemáticos más innovadores de su noética, a saber: la diferencia entre los actos mentales intuitivos y abstractivos, por un lado, y entre especie inteligible y contenido mental, por otro. Para tal propósito, este escrito se organiza en tres partes, las cuales no coinciden necesariamente con el modo de exposición del texto de Juan Duns Escoto, sino que se presenta como un posible recorrido de abordaje exegético de la compleja cuestión. El análisis interpretativo de los pasajes centrales y de las tesis que en ellos se arguyen se apoya en los estudios actuales que hay respecto de la noética escotista, tratando de dejar en evidencia tanto los puntos de acuerdo como los de conflicto respecto de qué entiende Escoto poractos cognoscitivos, su relación al objeto y qué quiere decir cuando habla de especie inteligible y contenido intencional.
Mens sana in corpore sano. Sobre la educación del cuerpo en la Contrarreforma española, siglos xvi y xvii
Authors: Torrebadella Flix Xavier , Rius Jordi Brasó 
Published: March 2019

La genealogía de la educación física y el deporte moderno tiene una fundamentación civilizadora y pedagógica, forjada a través de los códigos disciplinares de la moral católica que utilizó el aforismo clásico: Mens sana in corpore sano. En el caso de España, la Contrarreforma utilizó la educación con el propósito de construir y solidificar un Estado católico. Las didácticas utilizadas, caracterizadas por el sentido de la eutrapelia y la emulación, fueron dispositivos que actuaron en el modelamiento de la docilidad corporal y del caballero cristiano. De este modo aparecieron diferentes usos sociales de la corporalidad en la educación, la formación militar, la recreación, el trabajo y la vida religiosa de la gente. De ahí surgió una concepción ética y burguesa que, a través del juego, la emulación y la eutrapelia, cimentó las bases de un capitalismo y una nueva manera de imaginar el mundo. El análisis de esta concepción y sentido de la corporalidad en la Contrarreforma (s. xvi y xvii) es el objeto de estudio del presente trabajo. La metodología se ha basado en el análisis de las principales fuentes primarias, contextualizándolas con trabajos posteriores que aportan una determinada visión hermenéutica al estudio. Se concluye que la educación (del cuerpo) en esta época fue una excusa para promover un ideal nacional, patriótico y de servidumbre a la patria española.
Physicochemical Properties and Photochemical Reactions in Organic Crystals
Authors: Leyva Elisa , de Loera Denisse , Espinosa-González Claudia G. , Noriega Saúl 
Published: March 2019

Background:Molecular organic photochemistry is concerned with the description of physical and chemical processes generated upon the absorption of photons by organic molecules. Recently, it has become an important part of many areas of science: chemistry, biology, biochemistry, medicine, biophysics, material science, analytical chemistry, among others. Many synthetic chemists are using photochemical reactions in crystals to generate different types of organic compounds since this methodology represents a green chemistry approach.Objective & Method:Chemical reactions in crystals are quite different from reactions in solution. The range of organic solid state reactions and the degree of control which could be achieved under these conditions are quite wider and subtle. Therefore, for a large number of molecular crystals, the photochemical outcome is not the expected product based on topochemical principles. To explain these experimental results, several physicochemical factors in crystal structure have been proposed such as defects, reaction cavity, dynamic preformation or photoinduced lattice instability and steric compression control. In addition, several crystal engineering strategies have been developed to bring molecules into adequate orientations with reactive groups in good proximity to synthesize complex molecules that in many cases are not available by conventional methods. Some strategies involve structural modifications like intramolecular substitution with different functional groups to modify intermolecular interactions. Other strategies involve chemical techniques such as mixed crystal formation, charge transfer complexes, ionic and organometallic interactions. Furthermore, some examples of the single crystal to single crystal transformations have also been developed showing an elegant method to achieve regio and stereoselectivity in a photochemical reaction.Conclusion:The several examples given in this review paper have shown the wide scope of photochemical reactions in organic molecular crystals. There are several advantages of carrying photochemical reaction in the solid state. Production of materials unobtainable by the traditional solution phase reactions, improved specificity, reduction of impurities, and enhancement in the yields by the reduction of side reactions. These advantages and the multidisciplinary nature of solid-state photochemistry make this discipline quite likely to develop a lot in the future.
Follistatin-like 1 in Cardiovascular Disease and Inflammation
Authors: Peters Marijn M.C. , Meijs Timion A. , Gathier Wouter , Doevendans Pieter A.M. , Sluijter Joost P.G. , Chamuleau Steven A.J. , Neef Klaus 
Published: March 2019

:
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), a secreted glycoprotein, has been shown to participate in regulating
developmental processes and to be involved in states of disease and injury. Spatiotemporal regulation
and posttranslational modifications contribute to its specific functions and make it an intriguing
candidate to study disease mechanisms and potentially develop new therapies. With cardiovascular
diseases as the primary cause of death worldwide, clarification of mechanisms underlying cardiac regeneration
and revascularization remains essential. Recent findings on FSTL1 in both acute coronary
syndrome and heart failure emphasize its potential as a target for cardiac regenerative therapy. With
this review, we aim to shed light on the role of FSTL1 specifically in cardiovascular disease and inflammation.
A “Crazy Paving” Pattern on CT Scan in a Patient Treated with Pembrolizumab
Authors: Marvisi Maurizio , Ramponi Sara , Balzarini Laura , Mancini Chiara 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, have
shown great promise in clinical practice and have been incorporated into standard management of
NSCLC. Pneumonitis is a serious autoimmune toxicity associated with the use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1
antibodies, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods:
We described the case of a 73-year-old woman with no history of smoking developing
exertional dyspnea four months after taking Pembrolizumab.

Results:
High resolution contrast CT scan (HRCT) presented a unilateral “crazy paving” pattern,
and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) an important lymphocytosis (20% of total cell count). The patient
reached clinical stability after the administration of systemic steroids (2mg\Kg\die) and was
discharged with long term oxygen therap

Discussion:
Pulmonary toxicity is frequent when using PD-1 inhibitors, resulting in significant
morbidity and mortality, often leading to the discontinuation of therapy. Clinical presentation is
usually protean and HRCT pattern is nonspecific. This is the first case presenting a “crazy paving”
pattern associated with BAL lymphocytosis.

Conclusion:
Oncologists, pulmonologists, radiologists and general practitioners have to consider
PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor pneumonitis as a potentially disabling and fatal event.
Clinical Characteristics and Possible Drug Targets in Autosomal Dominant Spinocerebellar Ataxias
Authors: Szpisjak Laszlo , Zadori Denes , Klivenyi Peter , Vecsei Laszlo 
Published: March 2019

Background & Objective:
The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) belong
to a large and expanding group of neurodegenerative disorders. SCAs comprise more than 40 subtypes
characterized by progressive ataxia as a common feature. The most prevalent diseases among SCAs
are caused by CAG repeat expansions in the coding-region of the causative gene resulting in polyglutamine
(polyQ) tract formation in the encoded protein. Unfortunately, there is no approved therapy to
treat cerebellar motor dysfunction in SCA patients. In recent years, several studies have been conducted
to recognize the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of the polyQ SCAs more accurately.
This scientific progress has provided new opportunities to develop promising gene therapies, including
RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotides.

Conclusion:
The aim of the current work is to give a brief summary of the clinical features of SCAs
and to review the cardinal points of pathomechanisms of the most common polyQ SCAs. In addition,
we review the last few year’s promising gene suppression therapies of the most frequent polyQ SCAs
in animal models, on the basis of which human trials may be initiated in the near future.
Development of Graphene Oxide-Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride Nanohybrid and Release behavior
Authors: Jawanjal Pradip M. , Patil Pritam B. , Patil Jayesh , Waghulde Mrunal , Naik Jietndra B. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The demand of an efficient nanocarrier in drug delivery, graphene
and its derivatives are emerging as a rising star due to its remarkable chemical and structural
properties.

Objective:
Graphene oxide (GO) has high surface area and ability to load high amount of
aromatic drugs. Hence, the objective of the research was to load Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
(THP), antiparkinsonian drug on GO ultrasonically by π-π stacking interaction.

Methods:
GO was synthesized by the modified Hummer method. The conjugation of GOTHP
was generated by using Design-Expert Software and release study of GO-THP nanohybrids
was performed in the dissolution tester by using a dialysis membrane.

Results:
By varying an amount of GO and THP, the effect on loading efficiency and drug
release was studied. THP showed sustained release behavior with release efficiency of
89% to 98% over 8 h. GO-THP complex was characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer,
FTIR, FESEM and XRD analysis.

Conclusion:
GO-THP complex showed better-sustained release of the drug and can be useful
for the reduction dose frequency as well as adverse effect with better patient compliance.
Studies on Polyacrylate-Starch/Polyaniline Conducting Hydrogel
Authors: Prabhakar Reetu , Kumar Devendra 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The superabsorbent polymers based conducting hydrogel such as polyaniline
impregnated polyacrylate-starch hydrogel were synthesized via two -steps interpenetrating polymer
network process. In the present work instead of using a synthetic polymer of acrylamide, a biodegradable
polymer such as starch has been used with polyacrylate superabsorbent polymer. The
main attempt of this work is to analyze the electrical conductivity of resulting hydrogel at varying
concentrations of crosslinker, initiator, monomer, and a copolymer for improving the properties of
synthesized hydrogel and elaborating the diversity of its utilization.

Methods:
The polymerization of aniline was performed through the absorption of aniline monomer
into the polymer matrix followed by the addition of initiator/dopant solution. The morphological and
structural analysis and thermal stability of the synthesized hydrogel were studied using Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA), respectively. The swelling behaviour of the synthesized hydrogel was performed in a different
medium.

Results:
Electrical conductivity data of polyacrylate-starch/polyaniline (PAANa-starch/PANI) were
compared from polyacrylate-co-polyacrylamide/polyaniline P(AANa-co-AM)/PANI hydrogel, which
revealed that polyacrylate-starch/polyaniline shows higher conductivity than polyacrylate-co-polyacrylamide/
polyaniline conducting hydrogel. Maximum swelling of the synthesized hydrogel was reported
in the basic medium.

Conclusion:
It is observed that the addition of starch into the matrix significantly improved the overall
properties of hydrogel. The polymerization of aniline was done in-situ with the absorption of aniline
monomer into the PAANa-starch polymer matrix followed by soaking in an initiator/dopant solution.
The XRD pattern of PAANa-starch/PANI showed a broad peak at 22.8o while no peak was
observed in the PAANa-starch gel, implying that PAANa-starch/PANI has a crystalline and more ordered
structure. PAANa-starch/PANI has higher conductivity than the P(AANa-co-AM)/PANI hydrogel.
This enhanced electrical conductivity in case of PAANa-starch/PANI hydrogel could be due
to the more crosslink points of synthetic polymer polyacrylamide between PAANa-PANI hydrogel.
Pengaruh Kemampuan E-Commerce dan Promosi di Media Sosial terhadap Kinerja Pemasaraan
Authors: Prihadi Deddy , Susilawati Agnes Dwita 
Published: March 2019

Berbagai organisasi terutama organisasi bisnis sudah banyak yang memanfaatkan teknologi internet. Menggunakan teknologi internet merupakan cara yang inovatif dalam melakukan kegiatan perusahaan untuk memasuki pasar di dunia maya yang disebut sebagai electronic commerce (e-commerce). Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi internet, pelaku bisnis dapat melakukan berbagai kegiatan usaha bisnis secara elektronik seperti misalnya transaksi bisnis, berbagi informasi dengan konsumen dan suplier untuk mempertahankan hubungan sebelum, selama dan setelah proses pembelian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan e-commerce dan promosi di media sosial terhadap kinerja pemasaran pegadang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pegadang di Pasar Pagi Kota Tegal yang berjumlah 100 orang. Pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kemampuan e-commerce berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaran pegadang, 2) promosi di media sosial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaran pegadang dan 3) kemampuan e-commerce dan promosi di media sosial secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaran pegadang.
Manajemen Perubahan Organisasi Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan di Industri Batik Laweyan Surakarta
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Sugiyanto Eko 
Published: March 2019

Abstract : The purpose of this study are: (1) Identify the causes of organizational changes that occur in Batik Laweyan Surakarta industry. (2) Identify the impact of organizational change in Batik Laweyan Surakarta industry. (3) Analyzing organizational change process that happened in Batik Laweyan Surakarta industry. (4) Analyzing the constraining factors and supporting organizational change in Batik Laweyan Surakarta industry. The result of the research concludes that the cause of organizational change: (1) because the fulfillment of consumer needs and tastes, (2) competition from batik entrepreneurs, (3) due to fluctuating economic condition in Indonesia. (4) The existence of education problem and financial ability of batik company, (5) environmental factor around. The process of execution of changes that occurred in Batik Laweyan industry in general is the same character that is the character of calm and orderly by evolution or stages (midle of change). Factors supporting the change include: (1) the government, (2) the protective institutions(Kampoeng Batik Laweyan Development Forum), (3) company policy, (4) the materials used to innovate in the process of easy staining obtained. Source of rejection to change of organization, among others: (1) concern about the emergence of new competitor, (2) Variety of idea batik entrepreneur.Abstraksi : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengidentifikasi penyebab perubahan organisasi yang terjadi di industri Batik Laweyan Surakarta. (2) Mengidentifikasi dampak perubahan organisasi di industri Batik LaweyanSurakarta. (3) Menganalisis proses perubahan organisasi yang terjadi di industri Batik LaweyanSurakarta. (4) Menganalisis faktor pendukung perubahan organisasi di industri Batik LaweyanSurakarta. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penyebab perubahan organisasi: (1) karena pemenuhan kebutuhan dan selera konsumen, (2) adanya persaingan dari competitor pengusaha batik, (3) karena kondisi perekonomian di Indonesia yang fluktuatif. (4) Adanya masalah pendidikan dan kemampuan keuangan perusahaan batik, (5) faktor lingkungan sekitar. Proses pelaksanaan perubahan yang terjadi di Industri Batik Laweyan secara umum adalah berkarakter sama yaitu karakter tenang dan teratur secara evolusi atau tahapan-tahapan (midle of change). Faktor pendukung perubahan, antara lain: (1) pihak pemerintah, (2) lembaga pelindung (Forum Forum Pengembangan Kampoeng Batik Laweyan/ FPKBL), (3) Kebijakan perusahaan, (4) bahan-bahan yang digunakan untuk melakukan inovasi dalam proses pewarnaan mudah didapatkan. Sumber penolakan terhadap perubahan oganisasi, antara lain:(1) kekhawatiran akan munculnya pesaing-pesaing baru, (2) Beragamnya ide atau gagasan pengusaha batik.