bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and pathogen features of infective endocarditis:A retrospective study of 111 episodes in a teaching hospital in southwest China
Authors: Wang Yuanfang , Kang Mei , Liu Ya , Wu Siyin , Zhang Weili , Deng Jin , Xiao Yulin , Xie Yi , He Chao , Chen Zhixing , Ma Ying 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a health-threaten infectious disease. Diverse and complicated etiology and causative microorganisms make IE difficult to diagnose and treat. As we know, current investigations of clinical and pathogen features of IE in West china are scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and pathogen characteristic of IE in our region.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data was performed from all blood culture positive IE patients between 2012 to 2017 in Westchina Hospital of Sichuan University。The diagnosis is traditionally based on the modified Duke criteria.
Results
The mean age of the patient cohort was 40.7±21.5 years (ranging from 2-78); 73 cases (65.2%) were males and 39 cases (34.8%) were females. Of the 111 cases, 100 were native valve endocarditis (NVE) while 11 were prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), 87 cases (78.4%) were left-heart infection. Congenital heart disease (28.6%) and rheumatic heart disease (11.6%) were most common history of heart disease. Primary clinical manifestations were fever (87.5%) and heart murmur (78.6%).Streptococci spp (20.7%) was the most common organism, followed by Staphylococcus spp(17.9%). Streptococcus viridians showed no resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance rate were 47.4% and 40%. Benzocillin resistance rate of staphylococcus aureus to was 26.3%. Vancomycin or linezolid resistance staphylococcus aureus were not found. 75 patients died while 36 patients survived at last. With respect to risk factors, history of heart disease was the only prognostic risk factor (OR: 0.239, 95%CI 0.08-0.68)
Conclusions
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis are various and complex, distribution of pathogen is regional difference. Our research of infective endocarditis with bloodstream infection verified regional characteristics of infective endocarditis. The variations we observed in the study will be of important value to clinical preventive medication in our region.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide induced resistance against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla is based on increased tomato basal defense
Authors: Abdelsamad Noor , Regmi H. , Desaeger J. , DiGennaro P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most damaging pests to tomato production in the USA and worldwide, with yield losses ranging from 25 to 100%. Host resistance conferred by the Mi gene in tomato is effective against some species of RKN (e.g. M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. arenaria); however, there are virulent species and lines including M. hapla and M. eterolobii that break Mi-mediated resistance. Plant innate immunity is another possible form of defense against pathogen attack and is known to be induced by chemical elicitors. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is one such chemical elicitor that regulates plant defense responses to multiple biotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the role of NAD in the context of induced tomato innate immunity and RKN pathogenicity in two tomato cultivars; VFN and Rutgers, with and without Mi, respectively. Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculation significantly induced defense response pathways, reduced infective-juveniles penetration, number of galls, and increased plant mass in both cultivars. Importantly, we observed no direct toxic effects of NAD on nematode viability and infectivity. The results presented here suggest that NAD induces resistance against RKN pathogenicity likely through the accumulation of tomato basal defense responses rather than the direct effect on the infective-juveniles behavior.
Expeditious Synthesis of 2-Amino-4H-chromenes and 2-Amino-4H-pyran-3- carboxylates Promoted by Sodium Malonate
Authors: Tazari Mohsen , Kiyani Hamzeh 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Chromenes and pyran annulated heterocycles are the most common frameworks
existing in various biologically active molecules. Due to their beneficial and biological properties, they are eyecatching
synthetic targets in the arsenal of organic chemistry. Thus, finding green and efficient methods, as
well as searching for a new catalyst for the synthesis of these heterocycles is of interest to organic chemistry
researchers.

Objective:
Sodium malonate as a readily available catalyst was employed aimed at the multicomponent
synthesis of numerous 2-amino-4H-chromenes and 2-amino-4H-pyrans in water as a green medium reaction.

Methods:
The reaction was performed via treatment of aldehydes (1 mmol) with malononitrile/ethyl
cyanoacetate (1 mmol) and β-dicarbonyl compounds (1 mmol)/or resorcinol (1 mmol) in water (4 mL) in the
presence of sodium malonate (10 mol %) at 70°C. On completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC analysis),
the reaction mixture was gradually cooled at room temperature, and the resulting precipitates were collected by
filtration, washed with cold ethanol and air-dried to give the corresponding pure products. The solvent was
evaporated from the filtrate to recover the catalyst, and the catalyst was reused for subsequent reactions.

Results:
In the initial stages, we explored the best reaction conditions using three-component reaction of
benzaldehyde, malononitrile, and dimedone as the model reaction. The effects of catalyst loading, temperature,
and solvents were explored for this reaction. It was found that the best results were obtained for the synthesis
of 2-amino-4H-chromenes and 2-amino-4H-pyran when the three-component reaction was carried out with
equivalent molar quantities of each of the reactants in water containing 10 mol% sodium malonate at 70°C for
15 min in 96% yield. After finding optimal conditions, these conditions apply to other reactants and the target
heterocyclic products were obtained with excellent yields.

Conclusion:
This study describes an efficient, environmentally benign, and clean one-pot, three-component
synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes and 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carboxylates in the presence of sodium malonate
as the commercially available catalyst in an aqueous medium at 70°C. High yields, mild reaction conditions,
relatively shorter reaction times, use of simple reagents, and no requirement of the ultrasound, microwave, and
ball milling techniques are the salient features and benefits of the present method. In addition, the present
process is smooth and green.
New Developments on the Hirao Reactions, Especially from “Green” Point of View
Authors: Henyecz Réka , Keglevich György 
Published: April 2019

Background:
The Hirao reaction discovered ca. 35 years ago is an important P–C
coupling protocol between dialkyl phosphites and aryl halides in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 as the
catalyst and a base to provide aryl phosphonates. Then, the reaction was extended to other Preagents,
such as secondary phosphine oxides and H-phosphinates and to other aryl and hetaryl
derivatives to afford also phosphinic esters and tertiary phosphine oxides. Instead of the Pd(PPh3)4
catalyst, Pd(OAc)2 and Ni-salts were also applied as catalyst precursors together with a number of
mono- and bidentate P-ligands.

Objective:
In our review, we undertook to summarize the target reaction with a special stress on the
developments attained in the last 6 years, hence this paper is an update of our earlier reviews in a similar topic.

Conclusion:
“Greener” syntheses aimed at utilizing phase transfer catalytic and microwave-assisted
approaches, even under “P-ligand-free. or even solvent-free conditions are the up-to date versions of the
classical Hirao reaction. The mechanism of the reaction is also in the focus these days.
A Quantitative LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Liposomal Amphotericin B in Rat Plasma and Tissues and its Application to a Toxicokinetic and Tissue Distribution Study
Authors: Xu Quanyu , Qian Yueyue , Yuan Yanjuan , Shao Qing , He Xuejun , Qiao Hongqun 
Published: April 2019

Background::
Among the existing antifungal drugs, Amphotericin B is the first drug in
the treatment of systemic fungal infections. However, its large adverse reactions limit the clinical
application and Liposome Amphotericin B resolves the problem.

Objective::
In the present study, a rapid, simple, sensitive and efficient method based on LCMS/
MS for determination of liposomal Amphotericin B in rat plasma and tissue samples using
natamycin as the internal standard has been developed and validated.

Methods:
The analytical samples contain the plasma and various tissues disposed of by protein
precipitation and determination of liposomal Amphotericin B by an LC-MS/MS. Chromatographic
separation was achieved on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) with 10
mmol/L ammonium acetate in water-acetonitrile by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min.
The MS analysis was conducted in positive electrospray ionization with Multiple Reaction Monitoring
(MRM).

Results::
The calibration curves of plasma and tissues showed good linear range from 50 to 10000
ng/mL. The analytical samples containing plasma and tissues were stable under different storage
conditions and temperature.

Conclusions: :
The developed LC-MS/MS method has been successfully applied to the studies of
toxicokinetics and tissue distribution after intravenous injection of liposomal Amphotericin B to
rats.
Modelling of Sub-Sea Gas Transmission Pipeline to Predict Insulation Failure
Authors: Chinedu Ode Samson , Emmanuel Okoro Emeka , Bose Ekeinde Evelyn , Adewale Dosunmu 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Thermally insulated subsea production and transmission systems are becoming more common in deep-water/ offshore operations. Premature failures of the insulation materials for these gas transmission pipelines have had significant operational impacts. The ability to timely detect these failures within these systems has been a very difficult task for the oil and gas industries. Thus, periodic survey of the subsea transmission systems is the present practice. In addition, a new technology called optic-fibre Distributed Temperature Sensing system (DTS) is now being used to monitor subsea transmission pipeline temperatures; but this technology is rather very expensive.

Objective:
However, this study proposed a model which will not only predict premature insulation failure in these transmission pipelines; but will also predict the section of the transmission line where the failure had occurred.

Methods:
From this study, we deduced that in gas pipeline flow, exit temperature for the system increases exponentially with the distance of insulation failure and approaches the normal operation if the failure occurs towards the exit of the gas pipe. This model can also be used to check the readings of an optic-fibre distributed temperature sensors.

Result and Conclusion:
After developing this model using classical visual basic and excel package, the model was validated by cross plotting the normal temperature profiles of the model and field data; and R-factor of 0.967 was obtained. Analysis of the results obtained from the model showed that insulation failure in subsea gas transmission pipeline can be predicted on a real-time basis by mere reading of the arrival temperature of a gas transmission line.
Companies Commitment to Transparency and Disclosure in the Stock Exchanges
Authors: Abdulqadr Dana Hama Baqi , Amin Kwestan Aziz 
Published: April 2019

The commitment to transparency and disclosure is considered as one of the main components of the stock markets. Therefore, the law imposes it on the companies to ensure the flow of information and data which are needed for the daily transactions in such markets. This research deals with the general framework of this obligation and the position of the Iraqi and comparative laws in the aim of explaining the strengths and determining the weaknesses in the legal regulation of this commitment in the Iraqi law and recommending sound legal solutions. These solutions require necessary reformulation of some of the relevant legal provisions and adopting a set of new legal rules to reform the Iraqi legal system in this regards. This reform doubtlessly participates in the activation of the Iraqi stock exchanges and secure sustainable and safe transactions in these markets.
TO EXAMINE LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE AS MODERATING VARIABLE ON THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE PSYCHOLOGICAL UNCERTAINTY TOWARD EMPLOYEES’ JOB SATISFACTION AND TURNOVER INTENTION
Authors: Zakiy Muhammad 
Published: April 2019

The studies revealed that organizational change could create employee’s psychological uncertainty. However, this study argues that the quality of leader-member exchange enables to control the impact of the psychological uncertainty during the change toward employee’s attitude. This study represents job satisfaction and turnover intention as proxy of employee’s attitude for that matter. Based on social exchange theory, quality relationship of leader and employees affects on the relationship of psychological uncertainty and employee’s job satisfaction and turnover intention. This study selected private hospitals experiencing the changes of operational system for complying with national health security system. This study conducted cross-section survey for individual level-analysis. This study produces some findings. Firstly, the LMX has been failed to reduce the negative influence of psychological uncertainty towards employee’s job satisfaction, although the quality of the LMX was good. employee’s job satisfaction is more perceived as personal afective state experienced during the organizational change. Secondly, the LMX has been successfully moderated the positive influence of the psychological uncertainty towards employee’s turnover intention.The data were collected by using questioners, distributed to the employees who worked in hospitals in Yogyakarta Province. There were 193 questioners that could be collected and analyzed by using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to test the hypothesis by using SPSS application version 21. The result of the study shows that psychological uncertainty had negative correlation to employee’s job satisfaction and positive influence to psychological uncertainty toward turnover intention. Besides, LMX was proven to moderate positive influence of psychological uncertainty toward turnover intention, but it could not moderate negative influence of psychological uncertainty toward job satisfaction.
Morfodinâmica da praia e zona de arrebentação do Cassino, RS através de técnicas de vídeo imageamento e perfis de praia
Authors: GUEDES Rafael Marcondes Carvalho , PEREIRA Pedro De Souza , CALLIARI Lauro Júlio 
Published: April 2019

Um experimento interdisciplinar de processos costeiros foi conduzido na Praia do Cassino, Rio Grande do Sul entre os meses de Abril e Junho de 2005. Resultados obtidos a partirde 71 perfis praiais amostrados diariamente, simultaneamente a aquisição de vídeo-imagens Argus e dados hidrodinâmicos indicam baixa e alta variação do envelope praial, associadas respectivamente às porções subaéreas e subaquosas da praia. As altas variações na porção subaquosa ocorreram em função da migração dos bancos arenosos na zona de surfe. Um deslocamento de 15 m da berma em direção à costa foi observado durante uma forte tempestade onde a altura significativa das ondas atingiu 3 m e uma alta sobre-elevação do nível do mar ocorreu em resposta a uma maré meteorológica. Três bancos arenosos foram identificados ao longo dos perfis. O primeiro, localizado próximo à linha d’água caracterizou-se como um banco inter-mareal, periodicamente exposto devido a marés meteorológicas negativas, enquanto os outros dois foram identificados em posições médias de 99 e 237 m a partir da posição média da linha d’água. Alta mobilidade em escalas temporais curtas (horas) foi observada para as posições do primeiro banco, sendo estas posições aparentemente condicionadas ao espraiamento das ondas na face praial. O segundo banco mostrou-se mais estável em curtas escalas temporais, entretanto alta mobilidade foi identificada em escalas temporais de dias. Taxas de migração em direção mar afora de até 11,6 m/dia foram medidas para o segundo banco, estando este valor associado à presença de uma corrente de retorno observada no local. Em direção à costa, contudo, valores de até 9,3 m/dia foram obtidos, predominantemente em condições de baixa dinâmica com altura significativa das ondas entre 0,5 e 0,75 m. Durante um período de 13 dias consecutivos com baixa hidrodinâmica, o segundo banco deslocou-se 45,5 m em direção à costa na região amostrada pelos perfis, agregando-se ao primeiro e caracterizando o desenvolvimento de uma feição rítmica na zona de surfe. Alta dissipação de energia das ondas associou-se ao período quando os bancos estavam agregados.
BIOESTRATIGRAFIA (CONODONTES E PALINOLOGIA) DA FORMAÇÃO ITAITUBA (PENSILVANIANO DA BACIA DO AMAZONAS), EM UM DEPÓSITO SELECIONADO EM ITAITUBA, ESTADO DO PARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: NASCIMENTO Sara , SMANIOTTO Larissa , SOUZA Paulo , LEMOS Valesca , SCOMAZZON Ana Karina 
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho objetiva apresentar uma nova abordagem de estudo com a integração de dados bioestratigráficos advindos de conodontes e palinomorfos recuperados de uma mesma seção aflorante da Formação Itaituba, na cidade homônima, borda sul da Bacia do Amazonas, Estado do Pará, Brasil. A associação de conodontes inclui Idiognathodus incurvus, Idiognathoides sinuatus, Adetognathus lautus, Hindeodus minutus, Diplognathodus coloradoensis, D. orphanus, D. ellesmerensis. Dentre os palinomorfos, Costatascyclus crenatus, Protohaploxypinus amplus, Spelaeotriletes arenaceus, S. triangulus, Meristocorpus explicatus, Striomonosaccites incrassatus e Meristocorpus sp. B constituem espécies bioestratigraficamente importantes, indicando posicionamento do afloramento no Atokano médio, corroborando dados obtidos pelos conodontes.
Datação de Processos Diagenéticos em Arenitos-Reservatório de Hidrocarbonetos: Uma Revisão Conceitual
Authors: MARASCHIN ANDERSON JOSÉ , MIZUSAKI ANA MARIA 
Published: April 2019

Geochronology has became a powerfull tool for diagenetic studies in siliciclastic rocks as it supply parameters for the definition of their depositional or diagenetic ages. This development occurred particularly in the last decades, with analytical techniques improvements and application of oil exploration. Sandstones are important hydrocarbon reservoir-rocks in many basins of the world. Sandstones devoid of fossils with defined ages lack precise chronostratigraphic definition. Such lack of definition limits the precision of the generation-migration-accumulation models developed for the exploration and exploitation of these reservoirs. However, many sandstones contain diagenetic minerals which represent the possibility of dating the deposition of these sandstones, or episodic diagenetic fluid migration through radiometric 40K-40Ar, 40Ar-39Ar and 87Rb-87Sr methods. In the present work, we show that these methods have been successfully applied to samples of reservoirsandstones all over the world. The improvement of the radiometric methods applied to sedimentary rocks yielded significant results concerning depositional or diagenetic ages.
Análise Palinotaxonômica e Bioestratigráfica da Subturma Monosaccites na Bacia do Paraná, Brasil. II: Gêneros Costatascyclus, Circumplicatipollis, Caheniasaccites, Stellapollenites e Divarisaccus
Authors: FELIX CRISTINA MOREIRA , SOUZA PAULO ALVES DE 
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a taxonomic and biostratigraphic analysis of the monosaccate pollen grains related to the genera Costatascyclus Felix & Burbridge emend. Urban 1971, Circumplicatipollis Ottone & Azcuy 1988, Caheniasaccites Bose & Kar 1966, Stellapollenites Lele 1965 and Divarisaccus Venkatachala & Kar 1966 recorded in the Pensylvannian - Permian interval in the Paraná Basin. These genera are represented by seven species: Costatascyclus crenatus Felix & Burbridge 1967, Circumplicatipollis plicatus Ottone & Azcuy 1988, Caheniasaccites flavatus Bose & Kar 1966, Caheniasaccites elongatus Bose & Kar 1966, Caheniasaccites verrucosus (González-Amicón) Gutiérrez 1993, Stellapollenites talchirensis Lele 1965 and Divarisaccus stringoplicatus Ottone 1991. Among these species, C. verrucosus is recorded for the first time to the Paraná Basin. Based on analysis of samples from new localities, new slides of published sections, from scientific collections, and on the examination of available papers, synonymic lists are shown, modifying the ranges of certain species. Respective occurrences of the taxa in the other Brazilian intracratonic basins (Amazonas and Parnaíba) are also analyzed. Furthermore, main morphologic distinctive characters of these species are presented, to facilitate the identification and their use in biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental analysis.
Análise Sedimentar e Micropaleontológica (Foraminíferos) de Seções Quaternárias do Talude Continental Superior do Norte da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: ARAÚJO TÂNIA MARIA FONSECA , MACHADO ALTAIR DE JESUS 
Published: April 2019

Sediment from four cores of the north part of the continental upper slope, Bahia State, consist predominantly of siliciclastic mud in its bottom and carbonatic mud in the top of the majority of the studied cores. The sediment color varies from light olive gray to brownish black. The sediments are mainly composed of foraminifera, mollusk fragments, coralline algae debris, plant fragments and quartz grains. The following major foraminifera benthonic species were recorded in the studied cores: Cibicides pseudoungerianus, Bulimina marginata, Amphistegina lessonii, Cassidulina laevigata, Bolivina subaenariensis, Uvigerina peregrina. The following major foraminifera planctonic species are frequent in the cores: Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerina bulloides, Orbulina universa, Globigerinoides trilobus, G. elongatus, Globigerina quinqueloba, Globigerinoides ruber f. pyramidalis. The siliciclastic sediment (higher quartz percentage) in the core bottom, suggests that sedimentation occurred with strong continental influence, indicating proximity to the coast line. The benthonic foraminifera predominance in the bottom cores and the higher planctonic frequency toward the top cores is an indicative of the sea-level oscilation events during Quaternary time.