bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamifying Accelerometer Use Increases Physical Activity Levels of Sedentary Office Workers
Authors: Gremaud Allene L. , Carr Lucas J. , Simmering Jacob E. , Evans Nicholas J. , Cremer James F. , Segre Alberto M. , Polgreen Linnea A. , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: July 2018

Background

Sedentary work is hazardous. Over 80% of all
US
jobs are predominantly sedentary, placing full‐time office workers at increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a critical need for effective workplace physical activity interventions. MapTrek is a mobile health platform that gamifies Fitbit use for the purpose of promoting physical activity. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of MapTrek for increasing daily steps and moderate‐intensity steps over 10 weeks in a sample of sedentary office workers.

Methods and Results
Participants included 146 full‐time sedentary office workers aged 21 to 65 who reported sitting at least 75% of their workday. Each participant received a Fitbit Zip to wear daily throughout the intervention. Participants were randomized to either a: (1) Fitbit‐only group or 2) Fitbit + MapTrek group. Physical activity outcomes and intervention compliance were measured with the Fitbit activity monitor. The Fitbit + MapTrek group significantly increased daily steps (+2092 steps per day) and active minutes (+11.2 min/day) compared to the Fitbit‐only arm, but, on average, participants’ steps declined during the study period.

Conclusions
MapTrek is an effective approach for increasing physical activity at a clinically meaningful level in sedentary office workers, but as with accelerometer use alone, the effect decreases over time.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
03109535.
Polin: „Ultimate Lost Object”
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna 
Published: July 2018

Polin: "Ultimate Lost Object”The article is a critique of the POLIN Museum’s contemporary exhibition, which – according to the author – suppresses the most difficult aspect of Polish-Jewish past, the ones associated with the violence of the pogroms that were the decisive factor in the greatest waves of Jewish emigration from Poland.Polin: „Ultimate Lost Object”Tekst stanowi krytykę projektu wystawy współczesnej Muzeum POLIN, tłumiącej – zdaniem autorki – najtrudniejsze, związane z przemocą pogromową, aspekty polsko-żydowskiej przeszłości, które zdecydowały o największych falach emigracji Żydów z Polski.
Ukryci [The hidden]
Authors: Konopa Łukasz 
Published: July 2018

The hidden (2010)Łukasz Konopa’s film is devoted to the Righteous, their fate after World War II and the problem of memory about Jews. Shot as a part of an anthropological and historical research project concerning memory about Jews in provincial Poland. Using the ethnographic interview method, the author attempts to record accounts of events which transpired during the Nazi occupation of Poland and of postwar realities of people who had helped Jews in a village in Podlasie.Łukasz Konopa talks with two men living near Białystok. Some sixty years after the war, the Wasilewski brothers recount before the camera the dramatic events in which they took part. Their parents provided shelter to three Jews from the nearby town of Trzcianne, which brought upon them persecution from their Polish neighbors.The film’s heroes, answering sincerely and with pain the researcher’s question, demonstrating exceptional bravery and opposing the hostility of their own community. Ukryci (2010)Film Łukasza Konopy poświęcony jest Sprawiedliwym, ich losom po drugiej wojnie światowej oraz problematyce pamięci o Żydach. Film powstał w ramach badań antropologicznych i historycznych nad pamięcią o Żydach na polskiej prowincji. Korzystając z metody wywiadu etnograficznego, autor podejmuje próbę zapisu relacji z wydarzeń czasu okupacji nazistowskiej i późniejszych, powojennych realiów życia osób, które pomagały Żydom w jednej z podlaskich wsi.Łukasz Konopa rozmawia z dwoma mieszkańcami okolic Białegostoku. Sześćdziesiąt kilka lat po wojnie bracia Wasilewscy opowiadają przed kamerą o dramatycznych wydarzeniach, których byli uczestnikami. Ich rodzice udzielili schronienia trójce Żydów z pobliskiego miasteczka Trzcianne, za co całą rodzinę dotknęły prześladowania ze strony polskich sąsiadów.Bohaterowie filmu, odpowiadając szczerze i z bólem na pytania badacza, dają jednocześnie dowód niezwykłej odwagi, przeciwstawiając się wrogości ze strony własnej wspólnoty.
Fluoride Availability in Human Saliva after Dentifrice Use: Correlation with Anticaries Effects in Rats
Authors: Afflitto J. , Schmid R. , Esposito A. , Toddywala R. , Gaffar A. 
Published: July 2018

Studies were conducted to determine fluoride availability in saliva after dentifrice use and to relate this parameter to cariostatic efficacy in rat caries experiments. Three dentifrices—two commercial formulations (Colgate Winterfresh Gel and Crest Dentifrice with Na-Sr-polyacrylate) and an Experimental dentifrice—were compared with respect to salivary fluoride availability. All of the dentifrices tested contained 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride. It was observed that the Experimental dentifrice and Crest dentifrice with Sr-polyacrylate exhibited low salivary fluoride availability relative to the Colgate Winterfresh Gel. Salivary fluoride availability was assessed by means of two parameters:(a) the fluoride concentration in the dentifrice saliva slurry expectorated after brushing, and (b) the area under the curve of salivary F concentration vs. time for up to two hours after dentifrice use. In two rat caries experiments, it was observed that both the Experimental dentifrice and the Sr-polyacrylate dentifrice provided less cariostatic efficacy than the clinically validated Positive Control (Colgate Winterfesh Gel). Analysis of these data provides further evidence in support of the concept that fluoride availability in saliva following dentifrice use is an important parameter related to anticaries efficacy.
An Intra-oral Single-section Demineralization/Remineralization Model
Authors: Wefel J.S. , Jensen M.E. 
Published: July 2018

This paper reviews the use of our intra-oral crown single-section model for the evaluation of in situ demineralization and remineralization. The model uses normal, healthy adults who are in need of a gold crown. A slot is placed in the working crown which can hold 3–4 single sections. A typical experiment would use an enamel lesion, root lesion, and sound root section which are characterized with polarized light microscopy and/or microradiography prior to insertion in the crown. After the experimental regimen, the sections are removed and re-characterized for any changes. The model has been used to evaluate mineral changes from the use of fluoride dentifrices and rinses, chewing gum, and food sequencing. The advantages of the model system are the before-and-after measurements on the same section, a natural plaque formation, interaction with saliva, episodic demineralization and remineralization, no bulky appliances, and the use of reasonable time frames. This model, therefore, reduces the artificiality of the in situ study to a great extent and appears to be a useful predictor of demineralization/remineralization interactions.
Technical Advances in Intra-oral Model Systems Used to Assess Cariogenicity: Experimental Design and Analysis (Reactor Paper)
Authors: Stephen K.W. 
Published: July 2018

In situ cariogenicity-testing models must show evidence of compliance with valid clinical parameters, and this has been achieved with respect to pyrophosphate-, monofluorophosphate-, and zinc citrate trihydrate-containing dentifrices, where earlier in vitro studies failed to predict clinical efficacy. Parameters for validity testing should include the use of enamel fluoride uptake, plaque and/or saliva fluoride assessments, re-/demineralization assays of appliance-borne enamel slabs or slices, and plaque microbial, biochemical, and pH studies. Model reliability must be capable of withstanding repeat calibration experiments where the dosage, frequency of application, and/or duration of exposure to a new product may be varied. Furthermore, the number of enamel slabs/slices carried per appliance (and the number of artificial caries lesions per enamel insert) requires to be defined. Such studies should be repeated, but whether in the same or different subjects, or with or without cross-over, has to be determined. However, the capability of reproducing a clinically proven dose-response is essential. Models must be sensitive enough to detect changes in any test product F concentration, but only equivalence claims should be permitted. Thus, superiority cannot be established, since accuracy may not be assumed beyond the upward limits of a clinically validated range. Finally, models should not be so exclusive in design as to preclude independent verification of their findings.
Fairness in Criminal Justice Risk Assessments: The State of the Art
Authors: Berk Richard , Heidari Hoda , Jabbari Shahin , Kearns Michael , Roth Aaron 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: Discussions of fairness in criminal justice risk assessments typically lack conceptual precision. Rhetoric too often substitutes for careful analysis. In this article, we seek to clarify the trade-offs between different kinds of fairness and between fairness and accuracy. Methods: We draw on the existing literatures in criminology, computer science, and statistics to provide an integrated examination of fairness and accuracy in criminal justice risk assessments. We also provide an empirical illustration using data from arraignments. Results: We show that there are at least six kinds of fairness, some of which are incompatible with one another and with accuracy. Conclusions: Except in trivial cases, it is impossible to maximize accuracy and fairness at the same time and impossible simultaneously to satisfy all kinds of fairness. In practice, a major complication is different base rates across different legally protected groups. There is a need to consider challenging trade-offs. These lessons apply to applications well beyond criminology where assessments of risk can be used by decision makers. Examples include mortgage lending, employment, college admissions, child welfare, and medical diagnoses.
Between SET and ASP: balancing the scales of student evaluation of teaching (SET) and teachers’ assessments of student performance (ASP) for medical school education in psychiatry
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Anderson Katrina J 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: We explore the relative roles of student evaluation of teaching (SET) and teachers’ assessment of student performance (ASP) in medical school education in psychiatry. Conclusions: We conclude that SET and ASP need to be better researched as outcome measures, and input from both processes needs to be balanced in evaluating psychiatric medical education.
Effectiveness and Safety of Simultaneous Integrated Boost-Proton Beam Therapy for Localized Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Lee Woo Jin , Woo Sang Myung , Kim Hyunjung , Oh Eun Sang , Lee Ju Hee , Han Sung-Sik , Park Sang-Jae , Suh Yang-Gun , Moon Sung Ho , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Dae Yong 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and feasibility of simultaneous integrated boost-proton beam therapy in patients with localized pancreatic cancer. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with localized pancreatic cancer underwent simultaneous integrated boost-proton beam therapy, and 8 (21.6%) patients received induction chemotherapy. The internal target volume was obtained by summing the gross tumor volumes in exhalation phase computed tomography images. Planning target volume 1 included internal target volume plus 3 to 5 mm margins, excluding the 5 mm expanded volume of gastrointestinal structures, and planning target volume 2 included the internal target volume plus 7 to 12 mm margins. The prescribed doses to planning target volume 1 and planning target volume 2 were 45 GyE (equivalent dose in 2 Gy, 54.4 GyE10) and 30 GyE (equivalent dose in 2 Gy, 32.5 GyE10) in 10 fractions, respectively. Results: Overall, treatment was well tolerated, with no grade of toxicity ≥3. Median overall survival was 19.3 months, and 1-year local progression-free survival, relapse-free survival, and overall survival rates were 64.8%, 33.2%, and 75.7%, respectively. Patients treated with simultaneous integrated boost-proton beam therapy after induction chemotherapy had a significantly higher median overall survival time compared to those with simultaneous integrated boost-proton beam therapy alone (21.6 months vs 16.7 months, P = .031). Multivariate analysis showed that induction chemotherapy was a significant factor for overall survival ( P < .05). Conclusions: Simultaneous integrated boost-proton beam therapy could be feasible and promising for patients with localized pancreatic cancer.
The short-term effects of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on anorectal physiology in patients with faecal incontinence: a single centre experience
Authors: Heywood Nick A. , Pearson James S. , Nicholson James E. , Molyneux Clare , Sharma Abhiram , Kiff Edward S. , Whorwell Peter J. , Telford Karen J. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is a novel treatment for patients with faecal incontinence (FI) and may be effective in selected patients; however, its mechanism of action is unknown. We sought to determine the effects of PTNS on anorectal physiological parameters. Methods: Fifty patients with FI underwent 30 min of PTNS treatment, weekly for 12 weeks. High-resolution anorectal manometry, bowel diaries and Vaizey questionnaires were performed before and after treatment. Successful treatment was determined as a greater than 50% reduction in FI episodes. Results: Fifty patients with FI were studied; 39 women, median age 62 years (range 30–82). Compared with pretreatment, there were reductions in episodes of urgency (16.0 versus 11.4, p = 0.006), overall FI (14.5 versus 9.1, p = 0.001), urge FI (5.4 versus 3.2, p = 0.016) and passive FI (9.1 versus 5.9, p = 0.008). Vaizey score was reduced (16.1 versus 14.5, p = 0.002). Rectal sensory volumes (ml) decreased (onset 40.3 versus 32.6, p = 0.014, call 75.7 versus 57.5, p < 0.001, urge 104.1 versus 87.4, p = 0.004). There was no significant change in anal canal pressures (mmHg) (maximum resting pressure 41.4 versus 44.2, p = 0.39, maximum squeeze pressure, 78.7 versus 88.2, p = 0.15, incremental squeeze pressure 37.2 versus 44.1, p = 0.22). Reduction in FI episodes did not correlate with changes in physiological parameters ( p > 0.05). Treatment success of 44% was independent of changes in manometric parameters ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: PTNS has a measureable physiological effect on rectal sensory volumes without an effect on anal canal pressures. It also reduces FI episodes; however, this effect is independent of changing physiology, suggesting that PTNS has a complex mechanism of action.
Predictors of Optimal Antenatal Care Service Utilization Among Adolescents and Adult Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Nausad , Sultana Marufa , Sheikh Nurnabi , Akram Raisul , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Sarker Abdur Razzaque 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Utilization of recommended antenatal care (ANC) throughout the pregnancy period is a proven healthy behavior in reducing maternal mortalities and morbidities. The objective of this study is to identify the demand side factors that are associated with the recommended utilization of ANC services among adolescents and adult women in Bangladesh. Method: This study utilized cross-sectional data from latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Data of a total of 4626 adolescents and adult women were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed for identifying the significant determining factors associated with the ANC services utilization. Results: Approximately, 32% adult and 30% adolescent women utilized the recommended ANC care. The higher educated adolescents and adult women were 8.08 times ( P < .001) and 2.98 times ( P < .001) more likely to receive 4 or more ANC, respectively, compared to uneducated women. The richest quintile showed higher tendency to utilize optimum ANC services and had 2.70 times ( P < .05) and 6.51 times ( P < .001) more likelihood to receive optimal ANC services for adolescent and adult groups, respectively, compared to poorest quintile. Conclusion: Other than education and income, several other factors including mass -media, place of residence, working status, and geographical variations were significantly associated with recommended ANC. These findings might help health-care programmers and policy makers for initiating appropriate policy and programs for ensuring optimal ANC coverage for all. Ensuring adequate ANC regardless of economic status and residence of pregnant women could guarantee universal maternal health-care coverage as devoted to a national strategic guideline.
释 “風” ——兼说 “空穴来風”
Authors: 白于蓝  
Published: July 2018

摘要 “風” 字何以从 “虫” 表义, 清代《说文》注家多有说解, 近现代以来古文字研究者亦多有探讨。本文依照最新出土的古文字材料, 对 “風” 字的构型进行新的分析, 对其构型本义和来源问题进行探讨。并在此基础上, 对 “空穴来風” 一词加以新的解读。
Understanding the Role of “Vision” in Project Success
Authors: Christenson Dale , Walker Derek H.T. 
Published: July 2018

Rigorous applications of project management methodologies are responsible, though only partially, for project success. We argue, however, that a significant driver of project management success is effective and intelligent leadership communicated through an inspiring vision of what the project is meant to achieve and how it can make a significant positive impact. An information technology case study project is presented to illustrate how project vision provided and maintained commitment to a complex project that was judged successful when compared to similar projects despite the difficulties described. This success was substantially attributed to the project leadership group's use of a vision.
Visualizing Stakeholder Influence — Two Australian Examples
Authors: Bourne Lynda , Walker Derek H.T. 
Published: July 2018

This paper introduces and illustrates a tool, the Stakeholder Circle™, for measuring and visualizing stakeholder influence on managing projects drawing upon two case study examples. Development of the tool was based upon stakeholder and project management theory and it extends our appreciation of the potential impact that stakeholders may exert that unearths vital risk management and customer relationship implications for the project management profession. Using a case study and action learning approach, this paper draws upon emerging project management and wider strands of management decision-making literature. The paper is exploratory in nature and the case studies used provide a useful vehicle for reflection and sense making.
Non-invasive assessment of liver disease in rats using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: a feasibility study
Authors: Hoy Anna M. , McDonald Natasha , Lennen Ross J. , Milanesi Matteo , Herlihy Amy H. , Kendall Timothy J. , Mungall William , Gyngell Michael , Banerjee Rajarshi , Janiczek Robert L. , Murphy Philip S. , Jansen Maurits A. , Fallowfield Jonathan A. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Non-invasive quantitation of liver disease using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could refine clinical care pathways, trial design and preclinical drug development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of multiparametric MRI in experimental models of liver disease. Liver injury was induced in rats using 4 or 12 weeks of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and 4 or 8 weeks on a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet. Liver MRI was performed using a 7.0 Tesla small animal scanner at baseline and specified timepoints after liver injury. Multiparametric liver MRI parameters [T1 mapping, T2* mapping and proton density fat fraction (PDFF)] were correlated with gold standard histopathological measures. Mean hepatic T1 increased significantly in rats treated with CCl4 for 12 weeks compared to controls [1122±78 ms versus 959±114 ms; d=162.7, 95% CI (11.92, 313.4), P=0.038] and correlated strongly with histological collagen content (rs=0.717, P=0.037). In MCD diet-treated rats, hepatic PDFF correlated strongly with histological fat content (rs=0.819, P&lt;0.0001), steatosis grade (rs=0.850, P&lt;0.0001) and steatohepatitis score (rs=0.818, P&lt;0.0001). Although there was minimal histological iron, progressive fat accumulation in MCD diet-treated livers significantly shortened T2*. In preclinical models, quantitative MRI markers correlated with histopathological assessments, especially for fatty liver disease. Validation in longitudinal studies is required.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Effect of Mono-Substituents in Heptaisobutyl-Substituted Polyhedral Octasilsesquioxanes on Orientationally Disordered Phase Transition
Authors: Morimoto Satoshi , Imoto Hiroaki , Kanaori Kenji , Naka Kensuke 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A series of mono-functionalized polyhedral octasilsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives (R-POSSs) were prepared by corner capping reaction of heptaisobutyl incompletely condensed POSS and their orientationally disordered (OD) phase transition properties studied by DSC, XRD, and solid state NMR analyses. According to DSC analysis, octaisobutyl-POSS (iBu-POSS) showed the highest OD phase transition temperature among R-POSSs, whereas the OD phase transition temperatures decreased with replacing the mono-substituents smaller and larger than the isobutyl unit. The solid state NMR analysis suggests that the OD phase transition was caused by increasing the mobility of the substituent not by rotating the POSS cage. The composite films were prepared by drop-casting of a chloroform solution of PMMA with heptaisobutyl-butyl-POSS (Bu-POSS). No appearance change of films was observed despite the heating and cooling of the films on the hotplate due to the absence of drastic density difference below and above the OD phase transition.
Inefficiencies and waste in a neurosurgical clinic
Authors: Dapaah Andrew , Ashpole Richard David 
Published: July 2018

Background: The NHS comes under much scrutiny, in particular relating to its cost. This article examined inefficiencies in a clinic setting, and assessed their contribution to financial waste and waiting list length. Methods: Waste due to various clinician, patient, administrative and technological factors was recorded in one consultant's clinics, at two hospitals, over a 28-month period. Results were analysed, and quantified according to the costs for new and follow up patient appointments. Results: Four out of 103 consecutive clinics were waste-free. Seventy-three hours of total waste was identified, the equivalent of £34 943.89 – £43 804.59, of which non-attendance contributed 52.4%. The average waste generated in clinical time over 12 months was equivalent to the 9-month waiting list for the assessed consultant. Conclusion: Waste in both money and clinical time is generated through inefficiencies in the clinic setting. Addressing these inefficiencies service-wide could reduce waiting lists and make large financial savings.