bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The presence of companions during emergency department evaluation and its impact on perceptions of clinician–patient communication
Authors: Cornelius Talea , Moise Nathalie , Birk Jeffrey L , Edmondson Donald , Chang Bernard P 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesResearch in outpatient setting suggests that the presence of companions during a medical encounter can improve clinician–patient communication. It is not known if the presence of companions has a similar effect in the acutely stressful context of the ED. This study tested whether the presence of companions in the ED relate to stronger clinician–patient communication. We further explored effect modification by demographic factors (race/ethnicity, education and language) thought to compromise communication.MethodsParticipants were drawn from an observational cohort study of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (n=876) recruited from an urban academic medical centre between 2013 and 2016. Patient interviews occurred both in the ED and post-ED discharge; communication was assessed using the Interpersonal Processes of Care Survey with possible range of scores of 14–70. Companions were categorised as close others (ie, partner/spouse or child), non-close others (eg, neighbour) or no one.ResultsPerceptions of clinician–patient communication were high (mean=57.1,SD=10.6;). There was no association between companions (close/non-close/no one) and clinician–patient communication, p=0.262. Demographic factors were unrelated to communication. There was a significant interaction between education and companions. Having a close other in the ED was associated with stronger clinician–patient communication only for patients with high school education or less, p=0.027.ConclusionsNeither the presence of companions nor demographic factors were related to clinician–patient communication. The interaction effect suggesting that patients completing high school or less have the most to gain from the presence of close others warrants further exploration.
Performance, carcass characteristics, and centesimal composition of meat from Santa Inês lambs and Texel crossbred lambs (Santa Inês × Texel)
Authors: Nunes Iolanda Aparecida , Brito Ricardo Alessandro Martins , de Morais Letícia Aparecida , Silva Vanessa Souza , da Silva Marco Antônio Pereira , do Carmo Ruthele Moraes 
Published: August 2018

This study evaluated the performance, carcass characteristics, and centesimal composition of the meat of intact and castrated lambs of the Santa Inês breed and of the crossbred animals: one-half Santa Inês × one-half Texel. Thirty-four lambs were used, nine intact and nine castrated males of the Santa Inês breed, and seven intact and nine castrated crossbred males, all aged between 6 and 7 mo and with an average live weight of 18.2 kg. The design was completely randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial (two crossing and two sexual conditions), with statistical analyses performed in the STAT version 9.4 program. There was a significant difference the Santa Inês and the Texel and Santa Inês crossbred animals in feed conversion and average daily gain, with superiority of the latter group. Castration of animals aged <12 mo had no significant effect on the performance and on the carcass traits of the Texel and Santa Inês crossbred animals, whereas the genotype had a great influence on weight gain and on subjective and quantitative carcass characteristics, demonstrating that crosses in sheep are needed to explore the complementarity of breeds, and heterosis is needed to achieve better performances and carcass characteristics.
Effect of a single dose of subcutaneous meloxicam before knife castration alone or combined with hot-iron branding on scrotal healing, inflammatory response, and behaviour in 2-mo-old beef calves over 42 d post procedure
Authors: Marti S. , Meléndez D.M. , Pajor E.A. , Moya D. , Gellatly D. , Janzen E.D. , Schwartzkopf-Genswein K.S. 
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam on scrotal healing, inflammatory response, and behaviour in castrated or castrated and branded beef calves for 42 d post procedure. Seventy-two 2-mo-old Angus crossbred bull calves were used to assess the effects of procedure (Trt): (1) sham control, (2) knife castration, and (3) knife castration and hot-iron branding; and pain mitigation (Med): (1) nonmedicated and (2) medicated with meloxicam according to a 3 × 2 factorial design. Body weight, scrotal circumference (SC), and healing scores were collected weekly until day 42. Blood samples were collected weekly until day 42 to assess haptoglobin, serum amyloid-A, and complete blood cell count. Hair was collected on day −1 and day 42 to assess cortisol concentrations. Lying and standing behaviour were recorded for 42 d, whereas pain-related behaviours were recorded on days 7, 15, 22, 29, and 34 post procedure. The inflammatory response (SC) and duration of standing was greater (P < 0.05) in calves castrated and branded than those only castrated. However, meloxicam did not reduce inflammation or improve wound healing in either castrated or castrated and branded calves.
A lower limb exoskeleton based on recognition of lower limb walking intention
Authors: Cha Dowan , Kim Kab Il 
Published: August 2018

Recognition of walking intention and assistance in the load-carrying driver’s walking capability are key challenging areas in lower limb exoskeletons. We present a lower limb exoskeleton called the unmanned technology research centre exoskeleton (UTRCEXO). It recognizes walking intention, including step initiation, step velocity (acceleration and deceleration), and step termination of drivers using only insole-type FSRs and three axis F/T sensors. UTRCEXO recognizes the driver’s intention of step initiation using insole-type FSRs and recognizes the intention of step velocity and step termination using three axis F/T sensors. UTRCEXO makes use of four DC motors, two at each knee and hip joint, to assist the driver. The the driver can carry a 20 kg payload comfortably with muscle activity reduction. In this paper, we evaluate muscle activity reduction in walking drivers equipped with UTRCEXO carrying a 20 kg payload.
Degrees of Infinite Words, Polynomials and Atoms
Authors: Endrullis Jörg , Karhumäki Juhani , Klop Jan Willem , Saarela Aleksi 
Published: August 2018

We study finite-state transducers and their power for transforming infinite words. Infinite sequences of symbols are of paramount importance in a wide range of fields, from formal languages to pure mathematics and physics. While finite automata for recognising and transforming languages are well-understood, very little is known about the power of automata to transform infinite words. The word transformation realised by finite-state transducers gives rise to a complexity comparison of words and thereby induces equivalence classes, called (transducer) degrees, and a partial order on these degrees. The ensuing hierarchy of degrees is analogous to the recursion-theoretic degrees of unsolvability, also known as Turing degrees, where the transformational devices are Turing machines. However, as a complexity measure, Turing machines are too strong: they trivialise the classification problem by identifying all computable words. Finite-state transducers give rise to a much more fine-grained, discriminating hierarchy. In contrast to Turing degrees, hardly anything is known about transducer degrees, in spite of their naturality. We use methods from linear algebra and analysis to show that there are infinitely many atoms in the transducer degrees, that is, minimal non-trivial degrees.
The Development and Motion of Typhoon “Doris,” 1950
Authors: Cressman George P. 
Published: August 2018

The development and motion of typhoon “Doris,” which was observed during the first two weeks of May, 1950, are studied. The development of the storm is examined with respect to previously published theories of storm formation. The original deepening occurred in the low latitude portion of an extended trough, after the fracture of the trough. This is in agreement with a model proposed by Riehl. The motion of the deepening storm relative to the high-level flow patterns differed from previously studied examples in that the deepening occurred as the low-level cyclone moved from under the west side of an upper anticyclone toward a position under an upper cyclone. The storm developed as two cyclonic vortices, which gradually merged into one, in agreement with a principle of Fujiwhara.
The motion of the storm northward, as it broke through the subtropical ridge line, is shown. After examination of several possibilities, this motion is attributed to the resultant of all the Coriolis forces acting on the storm, as discussed by Rossby. The suggestion is made that this resultant force becomes prominent in determining the motion of the storm due to changes in the radial velocity profile and the increasing geographical extent of the storm.
The Effect of Relative Humidity on the Nucleating Properties of Photolyzed Silver Iodide *
Authors: Birstein S. J. 
Published: August 2018

The effect of adsorbed water vapor on the photolysis of silver iodide has been studied. Inn has found that when silver iodide nuclei are exposed to ultraviolet light before injection into a cold chamber containing a cloud of supercooled water droplets, no ice formation is observed. Reynolds, Hume, Vonnegut and Schaefer have investigated the effect of bright sunlight on the action of silver iodide as a sublimation nucleus, and have found a decrease in the magnitude of nucleating effectiveness which is less than that observed by Inn.
The studies in this laboratory have been concerned with the effect of relative humidity on the photolysis and subsequent nucleating properties of silver iodide particles. Known amounts of water vapor were introduced into a stream of nitrogen passing over a silver iodide generator. The silver iodide particles, covered with adsorbed water, were collected in a cell and exposed to ultraviolet light of known intensity for varying amounts of time. After irradiation, the silver iodide particles were injected into a cloud of supercooled water droplets and ice formation was watched for. The nucleating effectiveness of silver iodide exposed to ultraviolet light was found to be directly dependent on the relative humidity of the gas stream passing over the generator.
A Method for Forecasting Hailstone Size at the Earth's Surface*
Authors: Fawbush Ernest J. , Miller Robert C. 
Published: August 2018

All upper-air soundings in the United States have been evaluated since January 1, 1950 and 274 selected as representative of air in which hailstones of known size formed. These soundings are summarized and several parameters which are or may be useful in forecasting are discussed. A graph is presented, which permits the translation of a forecast of air structure into one of hailstone size and two groups of forecasts are summarized to show the validity of this forecasting tool. The forecasts discussed were prepared in practical situations by meteorologists on regular forecasting duty and issued before the storms occurred. They therefore constitute a real test of the method under working conditions.
Evidence is presented to show a very striking relation between the incidence of surface hail and the height of the wet bulb freezing level above the terrain. It was found that in 91.6% of the 274 representative soundings, the wet bulb freezing levels were between 5000 and 12,000 feet above the surface and the larger the reported surface hail, the greater the concentration of these levels near 8000 feet.
It is emphasized that the method of hail forecasting discussed is not susceptible to machine methods, but depends on accurate prognostication of the thermodynamic structure of the air column as it changes in time and space.
Corrections of Upper-Level Wind Computations for Effect of Earth's Curvature*
Authors: Clem Leroy H. , Colson Dever , Harrison Louis P . 
Published: August 2018

The conventional method of upper-wind evaluation involves projection of the sounding balloon's trajectory on the surface of a horizontal plane, tangent to the earth at the observation point. This method which fails to allow for the curvature of the earth is shown to be seriously in error in situations where the balloon is tracked by new electronic equipment to large horizontal distances. This is particularly significant under jet-stream conditions. By projecting the balloon's path on an appropriate spherical surface corresponding arc distances are obtained. Thus the effect of the earth's curvature is taken into account and more accurate wind evaluations result.
Two methods of upper-level wind computations, making proper allowance for the earth's curvature, are given. The first method involves the determination of a correction (ΔE)to one of the observed parameters (elevation angle, E) as an intermediate step to calculation of the required arc distances. The second method gives the corrected arc distances directly.
Examples are shown illustrating the effect of neglecting the curvature of the earth in computing upper-level wind speeds; positive errors of as much as 20 percent being possible under the conventional method.
A Discontinuity Surface Produced by Topographic Winds Over the Upper Snake River Plain, Idaho *
Authors: Wilkins Eugene M. 
Published: August 2018

Eastern Idaho's Snake River Plain and that portion of the Continental Divide bordering it to the north comprise a topographic feature that provides an interesting local wind phenomenon. A sloping discontinuity surface is produced in a zone of conflict between slope ** and valley winds. The incursions of the front at the National Reactor Testing Station have become the subject of investigation because of their effect on the dispersion of stack effluents*
Photographs are presented showing the effect of the frontal shear on a stack plume, smoke released at the ground, and a debris cloud from an experimental explosion. These photographs give an indication of the circulation pattern in the vicinity of the front. In addition, data from a network of recording stations, instruments on a 250-ft tower, and low-level wind and temperature soundings have been used to establish the circulation model.
Information is presented to show seasonal and diurnal effects, and also the influence of major pressure systems on the front phenomenon.
A Simple Analog Computer for Determination of the LaPlacian of a Mapped Quantity
Authors: Hess Seymour L. 
Published: August 2018

The determination of the LaPlacian of a mapped quantity, such as the geostrophic vorticity, is an important but a time consuming process. The common procedure involves a number of interpolations and an algebraic computation for each point at which the evaluation is made. A device is presented in which the slow process of interpolation is replaced by the faster and more reliable process of measurement of distance between isopleths of the mapped quantity, and the algebraic calculation is replaced by the rapid, automatic operation of a DC analog computer. The numerical result is presented as the deflection of a millivoltmeter.
In practice the use of this computer proves to be a rapid, reproducible, sufficiently accurate means of determining the geostrophic vorticity from an analysis of the contours of an isobaric surface.
Weather Reconnaissance by Airborne Time Lapse Camera
Authors: Schaefer Vincent J. , Taylor Wallace M. 
Published: August 2018

The operation, in a high flying airplane, of a simple 16 mm time lapse motion picture camera produces an excellent record of the cloud systems and other visual atmospheric patterns existing over large areas of continent and ocean.
Over the past several years such records were obtained from both jet and propeller driven planes through the cooperation of the Boeing Airplane Company and the Air Weather Service, U.S.A.F. with the Munitalp Foundation.
For best results it was found that the camera should be mounted at right angles or at 45 degrees with respect to the flight path and with a downward tilt of from five to twenty degrees depending on the cruising height of the plane. A two second interval was found to be suitable for good results with planes with an average speed in the range of 300–600 mph. Intervals of four to even ten seconds are permissible at these speeds for economy or convenience. When such a sequence is viewed as a movie, near clouds move by at a different rate from those in the middle or far distance thus giving an excellent illusion of three dimensions. Successive frames may be selected from a sequence and viewed in a stereoscope to get a three dimensional view of the area photographed. When projcted at sound speed in a movie projector, a film made with a two second interval sequence presents the illusion that the viewer is travelling through the sky at a speed of nearly 29,000 mph.
Large-Scale Vertical Motion and Weather in January, 19531
Authors: Miller Albert , Panofsky Hans A. 
Published: August 2018

This paper summarizes the relationships between weather, moisture and large-scale vertical motion for January, 1953. The moisture parameter was the dew point depression at 850 mb, and vertical velocities at 700 mb were available as computed by three different methods. The probability of clear sky at an individual station varies from five percent for moist, ascending air to 93 percent for dry, descending air. The probability of precipitation for the same conditions varies from 67 percent to 0 percent.
Incidentally, comparison of vertical velocities of various types indicates that nonadiabatic warming at 700 mb is important only for rapid flow from north to south, then averaging 1.3C in 12 hours.
The standard errors of the different techniques of computing vertical motion are estimated to vary from 0.9 to 1.4 cm sec−1.
The Relation Between Large-Scale Vertical Motion and Weather in Summer
Authors: Curtis R. C. , Panofsky H. A. 
Published: August 2018

Large-scale vertical velocities are shown to be closely related to the probabilities of convective precipitation and fair weather in the eastern United States during July 1955. In the daytime the mean relative humidity of the 900 to 700 mb layer is better related to the probability of convective precipitation than the vertical velocity. At night, however, vertical velocity is the best single predictor of convective precipitation, with a modified Showalter Index being a very useful additional criterion.
The large-scale vertical velocities that occur in normal summer synoptic situations appear to be produced by a diurnal variation in the momentum exchange between the ground and the air.
Nuclei in the Exhaust of a Jet Engine
Authors: Poppoff I. G. , Robbins R . C. , Goettelman R. C. 
Published: August 2018

Surveys were made of condensation nuclei, freezing nuclei, and water vapor concentrations in the exhaust wake of an F80 jet aircraft.
Condensation nuclei concentrations were found to be maximum in a region of 50 to 75 ft aft of the tailpipe, with secondary maxima appearing at approximately 150 ft. No freezing nuclei were found, although observations indicated the possibility that they were present but inhibited by exhaust constituents.
History and Measurement of the Two Major Scottsbluff Tornadoes of 27 June 1955
Authors: Hoecker Walter H. 
Published: August 2018

Fairly complete tornado life histories have been synthesized from over 100 still photographs and eight strips of color movie film taken of two tornadoes near Scottsbluff, Nebraska, in June 1955. Funnel height and width measurements have been made from the still photographs, and translational speed has been determined at a few points and rotational speed at one point from the movies.
Evidence of downward air motion in the vicinity of the second tornado was found, and in one instance cloud elements acting as air parcel tracers demonstrated the downward motion.
Outline tracings of photographs illustrating significant size- and shape-changes are presented and measurements of interest are attached. All drawings are scaled to give the effect of observing the tornadoes from the same distance. Time lapse between the significant stages of each tornado has been estimated.
Some definite relationships are shown to exist between the tornado height and width, and differences between the two tornadoes in time trends of the several dimensions are also shown.
A model of tornado evolution is proposed.
An Operational Technique for the Forecasting of Flow Patterns in the Upper Troposphere
Authors: Vederman Joseph , Dubofsky Bernard 
Published: August 2018

Forecasting procedures are given so that a rapid 300-mb or 200-mb prognostic chart can be made from any valid 500-mb prognosis. Height relationships are given between the 500- and 300-mb levels and the 500- and 200-mb levels.
The 500-mb relative vorticity is also utilized to adjust for variations in tropopause height.
A Method in Regression Equations for Forecasting the Movement of Typhoons
Authors: Wang Griffith 
Published: August 2018

Based on six years (1950 through 1955) of typhoon data, three equations are formulated for the purpose of forecasting the movement of typhoons. In these equations, the following criteria at the 700-mb level are accounted for:(1) the contour height and its tendency at a point 10 deg of lat north of the typhoon center,(2) the contour height and its tendency at a point 10 deg of lat from the typhoon center and 90 deg to the right of its direction of motion,(3) the contour height and its tendency at a point 10 deg of lat from the typhoon center and 90 deg to the left of its direction of motion, and(4) the intensity and orientation of the major axis of a subtropical high cell which plays the role of steering the movement of the typhoon.
Typhoon data collected during the years 1956 through 1958 are used for verification. With use of these equations, results of forecasting a 24-hr typhoon movement are found to be of practical value.
Cloud Structure of an Occluded Cyclone Over the Gulf of Alaska as Viewed by TIROS I1
Authors: Winston Jay S. , Tourville Lloyd 
Published: August 2018

The cloud structure of an occluded cyclone and its environs over the Gulf of Alaska is revealed in detail by a series of TIROS pictures. The pictures clearly portray:(1) the nature and extent of dense cloudiness around the inner core of the cyclone;(2) a broad band of cloudiness associated with the main polar front;(3) the pattern of overrunning cloudiness marking a newly developing wave south of the main storm;(4) a previously undetected, old cyclonic vortex in mid-troposphere; and(5) the striking cellular arrangement of cumuliform clouds in the cyclonic flow to the rear of the storm.
These features are related to the conventional meteorological data and analyses over this area and are found in many places to corroborate them rather well. On the other hand, there are several places, particularly in view of the sparsity of conventional data, where the cloud pictures suggest that improvements could be made in the map analyses and numerically computed vertical motions on the basis of the TIROS cloud information.
A Modification of the Standard Weather Bureau Rain Gage for Summer and Winter Use 1
Authors: Gomm F. B. 
Published: August 2018

This article describes a modified collection unit for the standard Weather Bureau-type rain gage. The described unit, consisting of a polyethylene bottle, rubber stopper, vent tube and adapter funnel, replaces the metal collection tube of the standard gage.
In a laboratory test, evaporation from the modified system was not great enough in a 30-day period to measure with a standard measuring tube. Field tests showed the described unit superior to the standard collection unit and equal to the standard unit with a 0.20-inch oil film in the reduction of evaporation. The described unit, which eliminates recharging with oil or antifreeze after each reading, has been in field use for two years without damage from freezing.