bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary approaches for identifying individual risk for periodontitis
Authors: Kornman Kenneth S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractKey breakthroughs in our understanding of the etiology and principles of predictable treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis first emerged in the late 1960s and carried on into the mid‐1980s. Unfortunately, some generalizations of the evidence led many to believe that periodontitis was a predictable result of exposure to bacterial plaque accumulations over time. For a brief period, the initial plaque concept was translated by some to implicate specific bacterial infections, with both concepts (plaque exposure and specific infection) being false assumptions that led to clinical outcomes which were frustrating to both the clinician and the patient. The primary misconceptions were that every individual was equally susceptible to periodontitis, that disease severity was a simple function of magnitude of bacterial exposure over time, and that all patients would respond predictably if treated based on the key principles of bacterial reduction and regular maintenance care. We now know that although bacteria are an essential initiating factor, the clinical severity of periodontitis is a complex multifactorial host response to the microbial challenge. The complexity comes from the permutations of different factors that may interact to alter a single individual's host response to challenge, inflammation resolution and repair, and overall outcome to therapy. Fortunately, although there are many permutations that may influence host response and repair, the pathophysiology of chronic periodontitis is generally limited to mild periodontitis with isolated moderate disease in most individuals. However, approximately 20%‐25% of individuals will develop generalized severe periodontitis and probably require more intensive bacterial reduction and different approaches to host modulation of the inflammatory outcomes. This latter group may also have serious systemic implications of their periodontitis. The time appears to be appropriate to use what we know and currently understand to change our approach to clinical care. Our goal would be to increase our likelihood of identifying those patients who have a more biologically disruptive response combined with a more impactful microbial dysbiosis. Current evidence, albeit limited, indicates that for those individuals we should prevent and treat more intensively. This paper discusses what we know and how we might use that information to start individualizing risk and treat some of our patients in a more targeted manner. In my opinion, we are further along than many realize, but we have a great lack of prospective clinical evidence that must be accumulated while we continue to unravel the contributions of specific mechanisms.
Why Be Just? The Problem of Motivation in Hegel and Rawls
Authors: Fogh Nielsen Carsten , Hartz Emily 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAt the heart of any theoretical problem of justice lies the problem of motivation: Even if we could conceive of a way to develop a comprehensive system of just laws, and even if we could rationally believe in the justice of these laws, how could we ever ensure that we—or anyone else—would be motivated to abide by them? By unearthing how the problem of motivation sways canonical discussions of justice, the article brings forth intrinsic similarities and differences in these discussions that are often overlooked in the literature. In particular, the article highlights intrinsic similarities in the analysis of the concept of justice in two central works that belong to the continental and the analytic tradition respectively and are otherwise rarely discussed together: Hegel’s Outlines of the Philosophy of Right and Rawls’s Theory of Justice.
Red blood cell exchange in patients with sickle cell disease—indications and management: a review and consensus report by the therapeutic apheresis subsection of the AABB
Authors: Biller Elizabeth , Zhao Yong , Berg Mary , Boggio Lisa , Capocelli Kelley E. , Fang Deanna C. , Koepsell Scott , Music‐Aplenc Lejla , Pham Huy P. , Treml Angela , Weiss John , Wool Geoffrey , Baron Beverly W. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDA prior practice survey revealed variations in the management of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and stressed the need for comprehensive guidelines. Here we discuss: 1) common indications for red blood cell exchange (RCE), 2) options for access, 3) how to prepare the red blood cells (RBCs) to be used for RCE, 4) target hemoglobin (Hb) and/or hematocrit (Hct) and HbS level, 5) RBC depletion/RCE, and 6) some complications that may ensue.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFifteen physicians actively practicing apheresis from 14 institutions representing different areas within the United States discussed how they manage RCE for patients with SCD.RESULTSSimple transfusion is recommended to treat symptomatic anemia with Hb level of less than 9 g/dL. RCE is indicated to prevent or treat complications arising from the presence of HbS. The most important goals are reduction of HbS while also preventing hyperviscosity. The usual goals are a target HbS level of not more than 30% and Hct level of less than 30%.CONCLUSIONAlthough a consensus as to protocol details may not be possible, there are areas of agreement in the management of these patients, for example, that it is optimal to avoid hyperviscosity and iron overload, that a target Hb S level in the range of 30% is generally desirable, and that RCE as an acute treatment for pain crisis in the absence of other acute or chronic conditions is ordinarily discouraged.
Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Escherichia coli involved in transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections: implications for preventive strategies
Authors: Desroches Marine , Clermont Olivier , Lafeuillade Bruno , Rodriguez Christophe , Darty Mélanie , Royer Guilhem , Bouvet Odile , Ounnoughene Nadra , Noizat‐Pirenne France , Denamur Erick , Decousser Jean‐Winoc 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDTransfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections (TTBIs) are the main residual infectious complications of transfusions. Escherichia coli and platelet (PLT) concentrates may be epidemiologically associated, leading to severe, if not lethal, TTBIs. We investigated the genotypic and phenotypic reasons for this clinically deleterious combination.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe investigated a French national E. coli strain collection related to six independent episodes of TTBIs. Their phenotypic characterizations included antibiotic susceptibility testing, growth testing under different culture conditions, serum survival assays, and virulence in a sepsis mouse model. Their genotypic characterizations included polymerase chain reaction phylotyping, whole genome sequencing, and a subsequent in silico analysis.RESULTSWe highlighted a selection process of highly extraintestinal virulent strains, mainly belonging to the B2 phylogroup, adapted to the hostile environment (high citrate concentration and a bactericidal serum effect) of apheresis‐collected platelet concentrates (PCs). Compared to controls, the E. coli TTBI strains grew faster in the PCs due to a superior ability to capture iron. The in vitro growth performances were highly compatible with blood‐derived product real‐life conditions, including storage conditions and delays. The consistent serum resistance of TTBI strains promotes their survival in both the donor's and the receiver's blood and in the PCs.CONCLUSIONThis study pointed out that E. coli strains responsible for TTBI exhibit very specific traits. They belong to the extraintestinal pathogenic phylogroups and have a high intrinsic virulence. They can be resistant to complement, capture iron, and grow in the apheresis‐collected PCs. These findings therefore support the reinforcement of the postdonation information.
Cervical stabilization with polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct in horses: A proof of concept study
Authors: Aldrich Ellison , Nout‐Lomas Yvette , Seim Howard B. , Easley Jeremiah T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate safety and efficacy of a novel technique for cervical stabilization.Study designIn vivo experimental.AnimalsFour normal adult quarterhorse crossbreed horses (2‐4 years of age, > 250 kg).MethodsOne mid‐cervical spinal unit (C3‐C4) was distracted with a porous metal interbody fusion device (IFD) and stabilized with a polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct. Neurologic examinations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Radiographs of the fusion site and adjoining vertebrae were obtained preoperatively and monthly. Horses were euthanized at 8 months and spinal units were evaluated for osseointegration and implant safety via micro–computed tomography (CT), histology, and histomorphometry.ResultsThe procedure was performed safely in all horses, without severe postoperative complications. Evaluation of radiographs revealed no implant failure, implant migration, or spinal unit instability in any of the horses. The presence of new bone formation around the screw and rod constructs was confirmed via micro‐CT. No evidence of inflammation or iatrogenic damage was noted from histology. New bone was present within the IFD in all horses, with variable osseointegration on the cranial and caudal surfaces of the implant in 3 horses.ConclusionThe novel technique reported in the present study was safely applied to stabilize the C3‐C4 spinal unit in the horses tested here and led to variable osseointegration within 8 months.Clinical significanceThe results of this study justify evaluation of this technique in horses with a diagnosis of cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy.
Occurrence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in humans, dogs and cats sharing household in northern Spain and assessment of zoonotic transmission risk
Authors: Paulos Silvia , Köster Pamela C. , de Lucio Aida , Hernández‐de‐Mingo Marta , Cardona Guillermo A. , Fernández‐Crespo Juan C. , Stensvold Christen R. , Carmena David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBlastocystis sp. is probably the most common enteric parasite in humans globally. Although the role of Blastocystis in human disease is still controversial, epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that pathogenicity may be associated with certain subtypes of the protist. Since the life cycle of Blastocystis is maintained through still elusive pathways, companion animals have attracted the attention of researchers as potential reservoirs of human infections. In order to evaluate the risk of zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis, we investigated the occurrence and molecular diversity of this microorganism in human, canine and feline populations sharing temporal and spatial settings in the province of Álava, northern Spain. A total of 268 (including 179 human, 55 canine and 34 feline) faecal specimens were obtained from 63 family households during February–December 2014. Detection of Blastocystis was achieved by PCR amplification and sequencing of small subunit rRNA genes. Blastocystis was found in 35.2% (95% CI: 0.29%–0.42%) of the human stool samples analysed, but not in any of the canine or feline faecal specimens investigated. Out of the 63 PCR‐positive human samples, 84.1% (53/63) were successfully subtyped, allowing the identification of the subtypes ST2 (62.3%), ST3 (17.0%), ST1 (13.2%) and ST4 (7.5%). No mixed subtype infections were identified. Blastocystis carriage was independent of the gender and region of origin of the affected individuals, but children in the age groups of >5‒10 years and >10‒15 years were significantly more affected by the protist. None of the risk factors considered (water‐use practices, contact with livestock, contact with individual undergoing diarrhoeal episodes) were associated with increased prevalence of Blastocystis. Our data demonstrate that pet dogs and cats play a negligible role as natural reservoirs of human Blastocystis infection in this geographic region, although the applicability of these results should be corroborated in future molecular epidemiological studies.
Mechanical Genomic Studies Reveal the Role of
d
-Alanine Metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cell Stiffness
Authors: Trivedi Rishi R. , Crooks John A. , Auer George K. , Pendry Joel , Foik Ilona P. , Siryaporn Albert , Abbott Nicholas L. , Gitai Zemer , Weibel Douglas B. 
Published: September 2018

The mechanical properties of bacteria are important for protecting cells against physical stress. The cell wall is the best-characterized cellular element contributing to bacterial cell mechanics; however, the biochemistry underlying its regulation and assembly is still not completely understood. Using a unique high-throughput biophysical assay, we identified genes coding proteins that modulate cell stiffness in the opportunistic human pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. This approach enabled us to discover proteins with roles in a diverse range of biochemical pathways that influence the stiffness of
P. aeruginosa
cells. We demonstrate that
d
-Ala—a component of the peptidoglycan—is tightly regulated in cells and that its accumulation reduces expression of machinery that cross-links this material and decreases cell stiffness. This research demonstrates that there is much to learn about mechanical regulation in bacteria, and these studies revealed new nonessential
P. aeruginosa
targets that may enhance antibacterial chemotherapies or lead to new approaches.
Structural Analysis of the Interaction between the Bacterial Cell Division Proteins FtsQ and FtsB
Authors: Kureisaite-Ciziene Danguole , Varadajan Aravindan , McLaughlin Stephen H. , Glas Marjolein , Montón Silva Alejandro , Luirink Rosa , Mueller Carolin , den Blaauwen Tanneke , Grossmann Tom N. , Luirink Joen , Löwe Jan 
Published: September 2018

In most bacteria and archaea, filaments of FtsZ protein organize cell division. FtsZ forms a ring structure at the division site and starts the recruitment of 10 to 20 downstream proteins that together form a multiprotein complex termed the divisome. The divisome is thought to facilitate many of the steps required to make two cells out of one. FtsQ and FtsB are part of the divisome, with FtsQ being a central hub, interacting with most of the other divisome components. Here we show for the first time in detail how FtsQ interacts with its downstream partner FtsB and show that mutations that disturb the interface between the two proteins effectively inhibit cell division.
Mosaic Drug Efflux Gene Sequences from Commensal
Neisseria
Can Lead to Low-Level Azithromycin Resistance Expressed by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Clinical Isolates
Authors: Shafer William M. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

In a previous
mBio
article, Wadsworth and colleagues (mBio 9:e01419-18, 2018,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01419-18
) described
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
isolates that express low levels of azithromycin (Azi) resistance. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis suggested that the isolates had acquired DNA from commensal
Neisseria
spp. that caused numerous nucleotide changes in the
mtr
locus, which contains genes for a transcriptional repressor (MtrR) and three proteins (MtrC-MtrD-MtrE) that form a multidrug efflux pump known to export macrolides. Strong regions of linkage disequilibrium mapped to the overlapping
mtrR
and
mtrCDE
promoters and
mtrD.
Genetic analyses revealed that these mosaic-like sequences increased transcription of
mtrCDE
and MtrD function, respectively. These changes also had strong epistatic effects that collectively were responsible for decreased susceptibility to MtrCDE substrates, including Azi. The report emphasizes the importance of gene exchange among neisserial species and development of antibiotic resistance in gonococci, both of which have ramifications for detection of resistance markers and efficacy of antibiotic treatment regimens for gonorrhea.
Effectiveness of multicomponent lower extremity injury prevention programmes in team-sport athletes: an umbrella review
Authors: Brunner Romana , Friesenbichler Bernd , Casartelli Nicola C , Bizzini Mario , Maffiuletti Nicola A , Niedermann Karin 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo identify which exercise combinations are most effective as part of a lower extremity injury prevention programme for team-sport athletes.DesignUmbrella review.Data sourcesA comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PEDro databases. Studies published between January 2000 and March 2017 were included in this umbrella review.Study eligibility criteriaModerate to high-quality systematic reviews that investigated the effectiveness of a combination of two or more exercise components, that is, strength, agility, plyometrics, balance, stretching, technique, warm-up and functional activity, regarding injury incidence/rate of lower extremity injuries in team-sport athletes. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews measurement tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines were used to assess the overall quality of evidence for particular outcomes.ResultsTwenty-four systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Multicomponent exercise interventions were effective in reducing the injury incidence/rate of lower extremity, knee, ACL and ankle injuries, but not groin injuries. Strength and balance exercise components were included in 10 of 11 effective injury prevention programmes for the lower extremity, knee, ACL and ankle injuries.Summary/conclusionLower extremity injury prevention programmes in team sports are effective in preventing lower extremity, knee, ACL and ankle injuries. Lower extremity muscle strength and balance exercises should be prioritised in lower extremity injury prevention programmes for team-sport athletes.
Perioperative lung protective ventilation
Authors: O’Gara Brian , Talmor Daniel 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPerioperative lung injury is a major source of postoperative morbidity, excess healthcare use, and avoidable mortality. Many potential inciting factors can lead to this condition, including intraoperative ventilator induced lung injury. Questions exist as to whether protective ventilation strategies used in the intensive care unit for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome are equally beneficial for surgical patients, most of whom do not present with any pre-existing lung pathology. Studied both individually and in combination as a package of intraoperative lung protective ventilation, the use of low tidal volumes, moderate positive end expiratory pressure, and recruitment maneuvers have been shown to improve oxygenation and pulmonary physiology and to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications in at risk patient groups. Further work is needed to define the potential contributions of alternative ventilator strategies, limiting excessive intraoperative oxygen supplementation, use of non-invasive techniques in the postoperative period, and personalized mechanical ventilation. Although the weight of evidence strongly suggests a role for lung protective ventilation in moderate risk patient groups, definitive evidence of its benefit for the general surgical population does not exist. However, given the shift in understanding of what is needed for adequate oxygenation and ventilation under anesthesia, the largely historical arguments against the use of intraoperative lung protective ventilation may soon be outdated, on the basis of its expanding track record of safety and efficacy in multiple settings.
Scenarios with low mass Higgs bosons in the heavy supersymmetry
Authors: Dubinin M. N. , Petrova E. Yu. 
Published: September 2018

Possible realistic scenarios are investigated in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) Higgs sector extended by dimension-six effective operators. The CP-odd Higgs boson with low mass around 30–90 GeV could be consistently introduced in the regime of large threshold corrections to the effective MSSM two-doublet Higgs potential.
Effects of different sintering temperature on structural and magnetic properties of Ni–Cu–Co ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Pan Xiaoguang , Sun Aimin , Han Yingqiang , Zhang Wei , Zhao Xiqian 
Published: September 2018

In this work, sol–gel auto-combustion technology is used to synthesize nanocrystalline Ni[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Fe2O4with high purity metal nitrate and citric acid as precursor solution. The prepared samples are sintered at different temperatures (400[Formula: see text]C, 500[Formula: see text]C, 600[Formula: see text]C, 700[Formula: see text]C, 800[Formula: see text]C, 900[Formula: see text]C, 1000[Formula: see text]C and 1100[Formula: see text]C) for 3.5 h. The structure and magnetic properties of the samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The analysis of the XRD patterns confirms that all the samples have a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The particle size of the prepared samples (between 23 nm and 36 nm) is determined by the Scherrer equation. The effect of particle size is through observation of samples sintered at different temperatures. FT-IR spectroscopy shows the characteristic peak is near 588 cm[Formula: see text]. And the measurement also confirms the formation of spinel structure. The magnetic parameters of the samples are measured by VSM at room temperature with a maximum magnetic field of 1 T. Coercivity, remanent magnetization and saturation magnetization change with the changing sintering temperature. It can be clearly observed that the magnetic properties increase significantly with the temperature increasing from 600[Formula: see text]C to 700[Formula: see text]C. The dM/dH versus H curves are obtained by differentiating the hysteresis loop. The increasing peak height of dM/dH at [Formula: see text], indicates a magnetically stable state for the samples with good crystalline cubic spinel structure.
Workshop on internet economics (WIE2017) final report
Authors: claffy kc , Huston Geoff , Clark David 
Published: September 2018

On December 13-14 2017, CAIDA hosted the 8th interdisciplinary Workshop on Internet Economics (WIE) at the UC San Diego's Supercomputer Center. This workshop series provides a forum for researchers, Internet facilities and service providers, technologists, economists, theorists, policy makers, and other stakeholders to exchange views on current and emerging regulatory and policy debates. The FCC's expected decision (released during the workshop, on 14 December 2017) - to repeal the 2015 classification of broadband Internet access service as a telecommunications (common carrier) service - set the stage for vigorous discussion on what type of data can inform debate, development, and empirical evaluation of public policies we will need for Internet services in the future.
http://www.caida.org/workshops/wie/1712/.