bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluxes of particulate matter, carbonates, organic carbon and nitrogen in the northern Adriatic continental shelf: A synthesis overview
Authors: Giani Michele , Miquel Juan Carlos , De Lazzari Amelia , Boldrin Alfredo 
Published: December 2018

Time series of composition and fluxes of settling particles in the marine environment, obtained by sediment traps, contribute to define the main processes driving the dynamics of particulate matter and of the time/space variability of benthic-pelagic exchanges. With this aim, the composition and seasonal and annual fluxes of settling matter, obtained from different projects and from published papers, at 8 sites of the Northern Adriatic shelf were estimated. The mean yearly particulate fluxes varied from 2763 to 14,447 g m-2 y-1, from 66 to 236 gC m-2y-1 for organic carbon (OC) flux, from 861 to 7525 g m-2y-1 for carbonates and from 12 to 42 gN m-2y-1 for nitrogen (N). The fluxes were characterized by high seasonal variations with marked increase in autumn or in winter with respect to spring or summer. The sink of particles occurs in relatively short episodes as about 50% of annual particle flux settles in less than 1-2 months in the western coastal area. This seasonality can be related to the riverine discharges, primary production and wind regimes of the basin. Utilizing the N/OC ratio as an index for discriminating the different origin of organic matter (i.e., resuspended/riverine and autochthonous), the primary marine carbon flux was estimated to range from 10 to 28% of the OC fluxes and accounted for 8-40% of the primary production, depending on the site. Then, due to the shallow waters of the basin and to the relevant riverine inputs, the total fluxes near the sea bottom were highly dependent on resuspension and advective transport processes. The important contribution of these last processes as source of organic matter is suggested also by the comparison between fluxes determined by sediment traps with mass accumulation rates (MAR) in sediments, derived from radionuclide measurements. Indeed, the fraction of OC fluxes which is not buried in the sediment is sufficient to support the benthic respiration processes.
Using an Audience Response System to Prepare Athletic Training Students for the Board of Certification Exam
Authors: Potteiger Kelly , Lundgren Andrew 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To describe a pedagogical method using an Audience Response System (ARS), commonly referred to as “clickers,” for use in preparing athletic training students (ATSs) for the Board of Certification (BOC) exam.
Background: The BOC is the only certifying agency for athletic trainers in the United States. ATSs may become a certified athletic trainer (AT) upon graduating from a Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) accredited Athletic Training Education Program (ATEP) and successfully passing the BOC exam. In 2012, CAATE standards were revised to require programs to publish their graduates' recent exam scores on their website (in aggregate form).
Description: Preparation for the BOC exam can be a monumental and stress-inducing task for the ATS due to the plethora of information to review. Most ATEPs include test preparation assistance within the curriculum. To date, a review of the literature revealed no published documentation of successful test preparation strategies.
Clinical Advantages: The data collected from use of the ARS during BOC exam preparation can be a valuable tool in identifying domain areas in which an ATS may be deficient. In doing so, an ATS may redirect study time to focus on weaker concepts. Additionally this data, when trended, can provide invaluable programmatic information when used as part of a larger assessment plan. As part of the revised CAATE standards, programs are also required to meet or exceed a score of 70% for the first-time pass rate. As a result, there may be a heightened need for test preparation strategies.
Conclusion: Athletic training educators seeking a pedagogical method for BOC exam preparation may benefit from the implementation of an ARS to increase ATS motivation and accountability. As an additional benefit, programmatic educational assessment data may also be collected.
La Médecine Numérique : nouvelle spécialité… nouvelle médecine !
Authors: Richard Christophe 
Published: December 2018

A l’heure où des intelligences artificielles sont presque en mesure de réaliser des diagnostics, la Médecine n’a pas complètement pris conscience de sa profonde méconnaissance du Numérique. Mais lorsque ces mêmes intelligences artificielles proposeront des options thérapeutiques innovantes non conçues par des médecins (ni même des humains), peut-être hors de leur compréhension : qui sera alors au contrôle ? Si l’avenir de la médecine dépend du numérique, comment le médecin peut-il s’y préparer ? L’article propose une approche visant à enrichir le champ de la médecine d’une spécialisation numérique.
Conquête du Pôle Sud et premières interventions chirurgicales héroïques
Authors: E. Gentili Marc , Scholtes Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2018

L’Antarctique est un continent terrible à l’échelle humaine : froid, sec et venteux qui fut exploré tardivement à la fin du XIX e et au début du XX e siècle. Certaines expéditions sont entrées dans la légende : celles de Scott, d’Amundsen le vainqueur du Pôle, de Shackleton ou de Jean-Baptiste Charcot. Des médecins prirent part à ces expéditions et eurent à opérer dans des conditions difficiles avec des moyens limités. On peut répertorier un certain nombre de gestes : drainage de collection abdominale, d’abcès prostatique, extraction dentaire, énucléation post-traumatique, chirurgie de la main et amputation d’orteil. Le défaut de luminosité, la nécessité de maintenir une température permettant la vaporisation des anesthésiques ou l’utilisation d’instruments dérivés sont les principales difficultés rapportés par les praticiens concernés.
Dos “Fundamentos Científicos” à “Teoria da Comunicação”: uma controvérsia epistemológica nas origens da Área
Authors: Martino Luís Mauro Sá 
Published: December 2018

Este texto delineia aspectos da formação das Teorias da Comunicação no Brasil, tal como apresentadas na bibliografia publicada entre 1969 e 1986. Em perspectiva genealógica, observam-se as condições de produção do discurso teórico sobre Comunicação e suas especificidades. O exame dos livros sugere que: (a) a “teoria da comunicação”, como campo de estudos, foi criada por demandas institucionais, não epistemológicas; (b) os conceitos de “comunicação” utilizados eram oriundos de diversas áreas, da Biologia à Filosofia, sem intersecção entre elas; (c) o diálogo era com pesquisas e autores estrangeiros, quase sem referências cruzadas entre autores nacionais. Esses pontos são discutidos contra o pano de fundo do debate epistemológico contemporâneo sobre a Área.
Avaliação da dependência dos parâmetros de ajuste de um modelo E − l com a estratificação térmica estável
Authors: Carvalho Junior Arlindo Dutra , Oliveira Pablo E.S. de , Santos Daniel Michelon dos , Costa Felipe Denardin 
Published: December 2018

One of the main challenges of the atmospheric model is the proper determination of the turbulent diffusivity. In this sense, variousboundary layer parametrization have been developed along of the years. For the same closure order, many times, the bigger differences between them, are concentrated in the adjustment parameters. From the adequate physical description, to find the real value of each constant is the great challenge of the models. Them, the present work compare three different parametrization for the non-dimensional relation u2 ∗=E, that is used as a constant in the momentum diffusion coefficient in the E - l models. In the comparison with the GABLS experiment, the results show that the constant does not have a great influence over the windcomponents and over the temperature. On the other hand, the constant have a fundamental role in the behavior of the turbulence kinetic energy. This is due the fact of the constant is also present in the turbulence viscous dissipation term. Finally, it is important to stress that this is a work that is in its beginning and it aims the construction of a boundary layer parameterization for climate and weather forecasting models.
Des élèves (pas?) comme les autres parmi les autres. La littérature jeunesse comme facteur d’inclusion sociale pour les enfants avec trisomie 21 et autisme
Authors: Lemoine Lise , Schneider Benoît , Mietkiewicz Marie-Claude 
Published: December 2018

L’inclusion dans des classes ordinaires d’élèves avec trisomie ou autisme se heurte à bien des difficultés dont le regard des enfants typiques peu préparés à ces rencontres. En France, depuis la promulgation, en 2005 de la loi « pour l’égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées », l’inclusion des enfants en situation de handicap est devenue l’objectif à atteindre. Pour examiner dans quelle mesure la littérature jeunesse pourrait être un outil pertinent pour leur faire découvrir les difficultés rencontrées par des enfants avec des troubles neuro-développementaux, nous avons analysé 26 ouvrages destinés aux enfants de 3 à 11 ans dans lesquels un héros avec trisomie ou autisme est scolarisé. Au terme d’une étude comparative des deux séries de livres (15 sur la trisomie, 11 sur l’autisme), dans lesquels les caractéristiques et les difficultés des enfants en situation de handicap sont décrites de manière différentielle, nous avançons que ces ouvrages qui délivrent des messages implicites d’acceptation de la différence et de tolérance pourraient contribuer à lever les réticences et à engager le dialogue au sein des établissements scolaires.
Mapping Forest and Surrounding Landscape Changes 1949-2015 at the University of Michigan's Historic Forestry Education Properties
Authors: BERGEN KATHLEEN , ZHANG ZHENZHEN , TYRRELL GERALD , KLUGE KAREN VON , RUMSCHLAG JACOB 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThree forested properties owned by the University of Michigan and near to Ann Arbor were the sites of some of the earliest forestry field education in the USA. No longer managed solely for this purpose after the mid-1960s, and at the same time nested within a rapidly developing area of Michigan, current planning for the properties focuses on melding their historic legacy with renewed ecologically and sustainably sound uses. We developed new maps and knowledge of forest and land change within and surrounding the properties between 1949 and 2015. We acquired aerial photography at 5-10 year intervals, created land-cover/land-use and change data, and identified key trajectories of change. Results within Saginaw Forest (established 1904) showed a consistent amount of forest area, but transitions in some observed overstory composition from coniferous to mixed forest between 1949 and 2015. Within the present-day extent of Stinchfield Woods and the Newcomb Tract (established 1925-1955), forest area increased from 68% to 98% and 51% to 93% respectively between 1949 and 2015, as forest plantations and other regrowth replaced former cleared lands. In 0.5 km-wide buffer areas surrounding the properties, agriculture decreased, and urban uses increased dramatically between 1949 and 2015 for all three sites. Forested land cover has also increased on the surrounding landscapes, again replacing agriculture and grassland. The properties today still display the legacies of their historic forestry education and research, and are living laboratories of natural succession in planted forests. The properties now also represent some of the most protected local lands while the landscapes surrounding them continue to change.
Does Money Always Matter? Campaign Spending in Michigan State Ballot Proposal Elections
Authors: KLEMANSKI JOHN S. , DULIO DAVID A. , COGO HARIS 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
This article explores the role of money in Michigan statewide ballot proposals from 1978 to 2015. Of particular concern is how spending patterns in ballot proposal campaigns compare to candidate-centered campaigns. Ballot proposal campaigns do not experience many of the influences that are associated with candidate campaigns. For example, there is no incumbency advantage in fundraising, or name recognition to help voters decide, and little or no political party involvement such as a party label on the ballot or party mobilization of voters. In the period investigated, we found that: ballot proposal campaign spending has skyrocketed; spending is greater with controversial ballot proposals; more money in Michigan ballot proposal campaigns was spent by those supporting a proposal than opposing a proposal beginning in the 2000s while the opposite was true before; and, although it does not guarantee a victory, money can have a meaningful effect when spent strategically.
Up-regulation of Grb2-associated binder 1 promotes hepatocyte growth factor induced endothelial progenitor cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Fan Qing , Zhang Liyu , Zhu Wenjie , Xue Sheng , Song Yisheng , Chang Qing 
Published: December 2018

Objectives. Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1), a scaffolding adaptor protein, plays an important role in transmitting key signals that control cell growth, migration, and function from multiple tyrosine kinase receptors. This study was designed to investigate the influence of upregulation of Gab1 in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) stimulated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Materials and Methods. EPCs isolated from human umbilical cord blood were identified and divided into four groups. EPCs in the Control group were cultured normally; those in the Control+HGF group were treated with HGF stimulation; those in the AD-Gab1 group were transfected with adenovirus containing the Gab1 gene but not treated with HGF stimulation; and, those in the AD-Gab1+HGF group were treated with both HGF stimulation and transfection with adenovirus containing the Gab1 gene. Subsequently, Gab1 expression and proliferation and migration ability were compared for EPCs grown under different conditions. Furthermore, we measured phosphorylation levels of three key proteins Gab1, SHP2 and ERK1/2.
Results. The AD-Gab1+HGF group had the highest expression of Gab1 and higher proliferation and migration than the other three groups.
Conclusions. Upregulation of Gab1 promoted HGF-induced EPC proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, HGF stimulated Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation in EPCs, thus leading to activation of extracellular regulated MAP kinase 1/2, which is involved in proliferation and migration signaling.
General Practitioners' Discretion of Preventive Needs
Authors: Ilsvard Sofie , Møller Marie Østergaard 
Published: December 2018

This article examines general practitioners’ discretion in preventive contexts. Based on semi-structured interviews with 15 general practitioners, we examine how lifestyle is used in their discretionary practices in contexts of healthcare prevention. Despite common educational background and professional ideology, GPs’ do not share lifestyle and our analyses show that this matters to their discretion of patients’ need for lifestyle intervention. The correspondence between general practitioners’ preventive strategies and their own lifestyle preferences is interpreted as evidence of autonomy in general practice where general practitioners act relatively autonomously and differ in their interpretation of how preventive policies should be exercised in practice towards patients.Keywords: discretion, lifestyle, health prevention and promotion, street-level bureaucrats, general practitioners
Solitary Pancreatic Metastasis From Breast Matrix-Producing Carcinoma: A First Case Report
Authors: Kiyasu Yoshiyuki , Hayashi Ken , Miyahara Go , Narita Makoto 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Breast matrix-producing carcinoma (MPC) is a rare histologic type. Pancreatic metastases from breast cancers are also rare. We report the first case of solitary pancreatic metastasis from breast MPC, treated with distal pancreatectomy.

Case presentation:
A 56-year-old woman presented with a 56-mm mass in her right breast and a swollen right axillary lymph node. Both lesions had characteristic early ring enhancement on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tumor biopsy revealed MPC. She underwent total mastectomy and axillary clearance. On histopathologic examination, the tumor was composed of extracellular matrix with areas of osseous and chondroid differentiation without spindle cells or osteoclasts, surrounded by a dense population of glandular epithelial tumor cells. On immunohistochemical analysis, the tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE3 and cytokeratin 5/6. The final diagnosis was breast MPC with axillary metastasis. Two years later, dynamic MRI displayed a mass in the pancreatic body with early ring enhancement, suspicious for solitary breast MPC metastasis. Distal pancreatectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed bone and cartilaginous matrix with necrosis, surrounded by pleomorphic sarcomatous tumor cells. Tumor cells showed less cytokeratin positivity than the primary breast lesion. These findings were compatible with breast MPC metastasis.

Conclusion:
Solitary pancreatic metastasis from breast MPC has not yet been reported. Surgical resection of malignant pancreatic metastases is controversial; however, considering that breast MPC has limited responsiveness to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, curative resection would be important in this case. The histopathologic features of MPC may reflect enhancement and calcification on radiologic studies.
Chiral Nanoparticle‐Induced Enantioselective Amplification of Molecular Optical Activity
Authors: Yang Lin , Kwan Chak‐Shing , Zhang Lianglin , Li Xinghua , Han Yu , Leung Ken Cham‐Fai , Yang Yonggang , Huang Zhifeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEnantiodifferentiation is of fundamental importance in chiral chemistry and substantially requires high optical activity (OA) of enantiomers; but the enantiomeric OA is typically weak due to subwavelength molecular dimension, leading to a lack of sensitive enantiodifferentiation. A new approach is devised to evidently amplify the enantiomeric OA by anchoring axially chiral molecules containing the binaphthyl chromophore on silver chiral nanoparticles (AgCNPs) with a sub‐5 nm helical pitch (P). Compared to the OA of dissolved enantiomers, that of (R)‐ and (S)‐ enantiomers can be enantioselectively amplified on right‐handed and left‐handed AgCNPs, respectively, in as high as one order of magnitude. The enantioselective amplification is probably ascribed to the enantiospecific adsorption‐induced change in the dihedral angle of the binaphthyl chromophore, resulting from chirality transfer from chiral footprints of the AgCNPs to the binaphthyl chromophore through the Ag–S bicontacts. The enantioselective amplification tends not to occur as long as P > 5 nm or on achiral Ag nanoparticles, due to a lack of the chirality transfer. This work imposes the significant application of enantiodifferentiation, which is on practical demand for producing single‐enantiomer pharmaceutics and pesticides with no fatal adverse effect, on the emerging chiral metamaterials composed of metallic CNPs.
Total Aqueous Synthesis of Au@Cu2−xS Core–Shell Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In Vivo SERS/PA Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lv Qian , Min Huan , Duan Dong‐Ban , Fang Wei , Pan Gui‐Ming , Shen Ai‐Guo , Wang Qu‐Quan , Nie Guangjun , Hu Ji‐Ming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBoth accurate tumor navigation and nanostructures with high photothermal (PT) conversion efficiency are important but remain challenging to achieve in current biomedical applications. This study reports an anion exchange‐based facile and green approach for synthesizing Au@Cu2−xS core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) in an aqueous system. In addition to the PT effect of the suggested NPs, the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is also significantly improved due to the tailored localized surface plasmon resonance coupling between the Au metal core and the Cu2−xS semiconductor shell. Using an epitaxial strategy, Au@Cu2O NPs are first obtained by the in situ reduction of cupric hydroxide on a cresyl violet acetate‐coated Au core; then, Au@Cu2−xS NPs are obtained via anion exchange between the S2− and Cu2O shell. Both the Cu/S atomic ratio and the Cu2−xS shell thickness can be adjusted conveniently. Hence, the ideal integration of the plasmonic Au core and Cu2−xS shell into a single unit is conducive not only to highly efficient PT conversion but also to the construction of a SERS‐based navigator. This new type of SERS‐guided NP, with enhanced photoacoustic signals, is an important candidate for both accurate tumor navigation and nondestructive PT treatment guided in vivo by two modes of optical imaging.
Guiding Principles for Designing Highly Efficient Metal‐Free Carbon Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Lipeng , Lin Chun‐Yu , Zhang Detao , Gong Lele , Zhu Yonghao , Zhao Zhenghang , Xu Quan , Li Hejun , Xia Zhenhai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials are promising metal‐free catalysts for energy conversion and storage, but the catalysts are usually developed via traditional trial‐and‐error methods. To rationally design and accelerate the search for the highly efficient catalysts, it is necessary to establish design principles for the carbon‐based catalysts. Here, theoretical analysis and material design of metal‐free carbon nanomaterials as efficient photo‐/electrocatalysts to facilitate the critical chemical reactions in clean and sustainable energy technologies are reviewed. These reactions include the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells, the oxygen evolution reaction in metal–air batteries, the iodine reduction reaction in dye‐sensitized solar cells, the hydrogen evolution reaction in water splitting, and the carbon dioxide reduction in artificial photosynthesis. Basic catalytic principles, computationally guided design approaches and intrinsic descriptors, catalytic material design strategies, and future directions are discussed for the rational design and synthesis of highly efficient carbon‐based catalysts for clean energy technologies.
Chiral‐Auxiliary‐Controlled Diastereoconvergent Benzamidation Reactions of Diastereomixtures of Diarylmethanols with Benzamide Catalyzed by SnBr4
Authors: Kubo Rikiya , Nakata Kenya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn efficient chiral‐auxiliary‐controlled diastereoconvergent benzamidation reaction of diastereomixtures of diarylmethanols catalyzed by SnBr4 (Lewis acid) is described. A variety of substrates with various substituents on aromatic rings were applicable for the reaction, regardless of the type of substituent that they were bearing.
Domino Cyclization/Trifluoromethylation of 2‐Alknylphenols for the Synthesis of 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)benzofurans and Evaluation of their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities
Authors: Li Mengwan , Ye Yibin , He Lisi , Hui Mamie , Ng Tzi Bun , Wong Jack Ho , Tsui Gavin Chit 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHerein, we describe a one‐step synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant 3‐(trifluoromethyl)benzofurans from readily accessible 2‐alkynylphenols. The method utilizes a domino cyclization/trifluoromethylation strategy with [CuCF3] as a reagent. The CF3 source is the low‐cost industrial byproduct fluoroform (CF3H). The assays for antifungal and antibacterial activities conducted on these fluorinated benzofuran derivatives revealed that all were devoid of hemolytic activity toward rabbit erythrocytes indicating absence of toxicity. One of the compounds, 2 g, containing a 4‐NH2C6H4 moiety at the C‐2 position of the benzofuran core, demonstrated suppressive activity against the fungal pathogens Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and the bacterium methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, showing minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 64 μM, 128 μM, and 128 μM, respectively. Incubation of Candida cells with 2 g elicited a time‐dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).