bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Curriculum Alignment in Mathematics in a Transition Period: An Analysis of the New Elementary School Mathematics Textbooks
Authors: Shimizu Hiroyuki , Kawazoe Mitsuru , Iwata Koji , Nishimura Kei’ichi , Shimizu Yoshinori 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines the alignment of school mathematics curriculum with a focus on the relationship between the intended and the implemented curriculum by analysing the elementary school mathematics textbooks based on the new national curriculum standards released in 2017. A theoretical framework of curriculum alignment in the earlier TIMSS curriculum analysis was used in this study. The results of analysis reveal that textbooks do not cover all types of mathematical activities emphasized in the new national curriculum standards and that there are certain limitations in the types of problem included. The results suggest that teachers need to supplement tasks and activities that are not explicitly provided in the textbooks for achieving the new competency-oriented goals intended by the national curriculum standards.
A Study on Junior High School Teachers’ Use of Mathematics Textbook: A Case Study in China
Authors: Yan Jiajie , Guo Yufeng , Chen Lixue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOne of the focuses on the current Chinese mathematics curriculum reform is shifting from “teaching with textbook” to “using the textbook for teaching”. Based on this background, this study aims to analyse the use of mathematics textbooks by an excellent Junior High School mathematics teacher in mathematics classroom. The content analysis method is used to compare the textbooks and the teaching materials actually used by teachers from teaching content and design sequence. In terms of teaching content, teachers have a higher degree of recognition of the mathematics textbooks contents and use most contents in the textbooks. However, the content of the textbook will be split, reorganized, supplemented and deleted when used. Moreover, teachers adjusted the order of teaching based on textbooks. It can be seen that teachers have redesigned textbooks when using them. This research helps inform that teachers should not use math textbooks directly, but should modify them according to their respective schools.
Study on the Types of Problems in Junior High School Mathematics Textbooks
Authors: Yang Junna , Liu Xiaomei , Wang Yihan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs the most important resource for mathematics learning, mathematics textbooks directly affect teachers’ teaching activities and students’ learning, the presentation of its content has always been one of the focuses of textbook attention and research. The content of textbooks should not merely be the presentation of concepts, theorems and other mathematical facts. As students’ learning materials, mathematical problems should be an important part of mathematics textbooks. As P. R. Halmos said, “Problem is the heart of mathematics”, the real component of mathematics is the raising and solving of problems. The textbook of version of Beijing Normal University Press is based on the model of “problem situation-mathematical modeling-explanation, application and expansion”, which builds a platform for students to learn mathematics by trying to solve various problems. Based on the existing researches on the types of questions, classroom questions, textbook questions and Bloom’s target taxonomy, this research statistically collation the problems in the textbooks, divides them into 5 types according to their characteristics, analyzes and studies their specific distribution, some of their characteristics revealed in textbooks and how textbooks provide students in different fields and grades with different types of problems.
Study on Learning Opportunities of Geometric Transformation in NCM Textbooks
Authors: Xie Zhiyong , Tian Yanyan , Liu Jian , Huang Wenbei , Li Linxue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpatial geometry is closely related to our lives. Geometric transformation raises geometry to a dynamic level, which helps students construct and manipulate the psychological representation of multidimensional objects. Student academic performance is closely related to opportunities to learn (OTL). Textbooks are the most important learning resource for students’ differences in OTL. Based on the perspective of OTL, this study has constructed an evaluation framework, studied the characteristics of the NCM textbook, a mainstream textbook of primary school mathematics in China, in terms of geometric transformation compilation, and discussed the compilation of textbooks.
Modularity in d > 2 free conformal field theory
Authors: Lei Yang , van Leuven Sam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We derive new closed form expressions for the partition functions of free conformally-coupled scalars on S2D−1 × S1 which resum the exact high-temperature expansion. The derivation relies on an identification of the partition functions, analytically continued in chemical potentials and temperature, with multiple elliptic Gamma functions. These functions satisfy interesting modular properties, which we use to arrive at our expressions. We describe a geometric interpretation of the modular properties of multiple elliptic Gamma functions in the context of superconformal field theory. Based on this, we suggest a geometric interpretation of the modular property in the context of the free scalar CFT in even dimensions and comment on extensions to odd dimensions and free fermions.
Shadow formalism for supersymmetric conformal blocks
Authors: Belavin V. , Ramos Cabezas J. , Runov B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Shadow formalism is a technique in two-dimensional CFT allowing straightforward computation of conformal blocks in the limit of infinitely large central charge. We generalize the construction of shadow operator for superconformal field theories. We demonstrate that shadow formalism yields known expressions for the large-c limit of the four-point superconformal block on a plane and of the one-point superconformal block on a torus. We also explicitly find the two-point global torus superconformal block in the necklace channel and check it against the Casimir differential equation.
Electric Dipole Moments as indirect probes of dark sectors
Authors: Ardu Marco , Rahat Moinul Hossain , Valori Nicola , Vives Oscar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dark sectors provide beyond Standard Model scenarios which can address unresolved puzzles, such as the observed dark matter abundance or the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. A naturally small portal to the dark sector is obtained if dark-sector interactions stem from a non-Abelian hidden gauge group that couples through kinetic mixing with the hypercharge boson. In this work, we investigate the phenomenology of such a portal of dimension five in the presence of CP violation, focusing on its signatures in fermion electric dipole moments. We show that, currently unbounded regions of the parameter space from dark photon searches can be indirectly probed with upcoming electron dipole moment experiments for dark boson masses in the range 1 − 100 GeV. We also discuss two particular scenarios where a SU(2)D dark gauge group spontaneously breaks into either an Abelian U(1)D or nothing. In both cases, we show that potentially observable electron dipole moments can be produced in vast regions of the parameter space compatible with current experimental constraints and observed dark matter abundance.
Freezing-in cannibal dark sectors
Authors: Cervantes Esau , Hryczuk Andrzej 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Self-Interacting Dark Matter models can successfully explain dark matter (DM) production through interactions confined within the dark sector. However, they often lack measurable experimental signals due to their secluded nature. Including a feeble interaction with the visible sector through a Higgs portal leads not only to potential detection avenues and richer thermal production dynamics, but also to a possible explanation of the initial dark sector population through the freeze-in mechanism. In this work we study, by solving the full system of coupled Boltzmann equations for the number densities and temperatures of all the involved states, three scenarios of this type where the DM is: a real scalar with broken ℤ2, a complex scalar with unbroken ℤ3, and a ℤ3 scalar with an additional scalar mediator. All of these models have viable dark matter candidates in a cannibal phase while having different detection profiles. We show that cosmological bounds can be either exacerbated or evaded by changing the dark sector interactions, leading to potential signatures in long-lived particle and indirect detection experiments.
Update zu Indikationen und Möglichkeiten der invasiven fetalen Diagnostik
Authors: Burkhardt Tilo , Bürger Olga 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Häufigkeit angeborener Fehlbildungen wird laut der aktuellen EUROCAT(European Registration of Congenital Anomalies and Twins)-Statistik mit 2–3 % angegeben. Fehlbildungen können dank besserer Ultraschallgeräte und geschulten Untersuchern immer häufiger und auch früher in der Schwangerschaft erkannt werden und einer weiteren Abklärung mittels genetischer Untersuchungen zugeführt werden. Vorgeburtliche genetische Untersuchungen wiederum wurden in den letzten Jahren schneller und kostengünstiger verfügbar. Eine genetische Diagnose kann den Verlauf von Schwangerschaft und Geburt, von postnatalen Therapien und den weiteren Kinderwunsch maßgeblich beeinflussen. Adäquate und zielführende Pränataldiagnostik beruht immer mehr auf einem Zusammenspiel von Geburtshilfe und Humangenetik. Deshalb ist eine enge Kommunikation zwischen den Fachdisziplinen enorm wichtig. Der Beitrag soll als Leitfaden für die Beratung Schwangerer vor und nach einer Pränataldiagnostik dienen und einen Überblick über gängige Untersuchungsmethoden der Humangenetik geben.
A novel ionic liquid-based approach for DNA and RNA extraction simplifies sample preparation for bacterial diagnostics
Authors: Kreuter Johanna , Bica-Schröder Katharina , Pálvölgyi Ádám M. , Krska Rudolf , Sommer Regina , Farnleitner Andreas H. , Kolm Claudia , Reischer Georg H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDNA- and RNA-based diagnostics play a pivotal role in accurately detecting and characterizing health-relevant bacteria, offering insights into bacterial presence, viability and treatment efficacy. Herein, we present the development of a novel extraction protocol for both DNA and RNA, designed to enable simple and rapid molecular diagnostics. The extraction method is based on the hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and silica-coated magnetic beads. First, we developed an IL-based cell lysis protocol for bacteria that operates at room temperature. Subsequently, we established a magnetic bead purification procedure to efficiently and reproducibly extract DNA and RNA from the IL-lysates. The IL not only lyses the cells, but also facilitates the adsorption of nucleic acids (NAs) onto the surface of the magnetic beads, eliminating the need for a chaotropic binding buffer and allowing for purification of NAs without significant effort and materials required. Lastly, we combined the cell lysis step and the purification step and evaluated the novel IL-based extraction method on periopathogenic bacterial cultures, comparing it to commercial DNA and RNA extraction kits via (RT)-qPCR. In comparison to the reference methods, the IL-based extraction protocol yielded similar or superior results. Furthermore, costs are lower, required materials and equipment are minimal and the process is fast (30 min), simple and automatable. These characteristics favour the developed method for use in routine and high-throughput testing as well as in point-of-care, on-site and low-resource settings, thereby advancing the field of molecular diagnostics.
Graphical Abstract
Mean curvature flow from conical singularities
Authors: Chodosh Otis , Daniels-Holgate J. M. , Schulze Felix 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe prove Ilmanen’s resolution of point singularities conjecture by establishing short-time smoothness of the level set flow of a smooth hypersurface with isolated conical singularities. This shows how the mean curvature flow evolves through asymptotically conical singularities. Precisely, we prove that the level set flow of a smooth hypersurface$M^{n}\subset \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$Mn⊂Rn+1,$2\leq n\leq 6$2≤n≤6, with an isolated conical singularity is modeled on the level set flow of the cone. In particular, the flow fattens (instantaneously) if and only if the level set flow of the cone fattens.
Utilizing retinal arteriole/venule ratio to estimate intracranial pressure
Authors: Nortvig Mathias Just , Andersen Mikkel Christian Schou , Eriksen Niclas Lynge , Aunan-Diop Jan Saip , Pedersen Christian Bonde , Poulsen Frantz Rom 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Intracranial pressure (ICP) control is important to avoid secondary brain injury in patients with intracranial pathologies. Current methods for measuring ICP are invasive and carry risks of infection and hemorrhage. Previously we found correlation between ICP and the arteriole-venous ratio (A/V ratio) of retinal vessels in an outpatient setting. This study investigated the usability of fundoscopy for non-invasive ICP estimation with the addition of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients in a neuro-intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods
This single-center prospective cohort study was conducted at the NICU of Odense University Hospital from September 2020 to May 2021. Adult patients with a Glasgow Coma Score of 8 or less, who underwent invasive pressure neuromonitoring were included. Fundoscopy videos were captured daily and analyzed using deep learning algorithms. The A/V ratio was calculated and correlated with ICP. The data was analyzed using mixed-effect linear regression models.

Results
Forty patients were enrolled. Fifteen were included in the final analysis. ICP ranged from -1 to 31 mmHg (mean: 10.9, SD: 5.7), and IOP ranged from 4 to 13 mmHg (mean: 7.4, SD: 2.1). The A/V ratio showed a significant negative correlation with ICP > 15 mmHg (regression slope: -0.0659, 95%-CI: [-0.0665;-0.0653], p < 0.001). No significant change in A/V ratio was observed for ICP ≤ 15 mmHg. A similar significant correlation was found for ICP > IOP (regression slope: -0.0055, 95%-CI: [-0.0062;-0.0048], p < 0.001). Taking the IOP into account did not improve the model. The sensitivity analysis showed a sensitivity of 80.08% and a specificity of 22.51%, with an AUC of 0.6389.

Conclusion
In line with our previous work, non-invasive fundoscopy is a potential tool for detecting elevated ICP. However, challenges such as image quality and diagnostic specificity remains. Further research with larger, multi-center studies are needed to validate the utility. Standardization may enhance the technique's clinical applicability.
Die Toxidromsonne als diagnostisches Instrument im Schockraum
Authors: Hüser Christoph , Bernhard Michael , Biermann Henning , Gröning Ingmar , Kumle Bernhard , Michael Mark , Bentele Stefanie 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungWährend akute Intoxikationen häufige Notfallereignisse darstellen, sind Vergiftungen mit einigen spezifischen Toxinen so selten, dass regelhaft kaum klinische Erfahrung mit der Identifikation und dem Management dieser Vergiftungen vorliegt. Jedoch kann eine Therapieverzögerung lebensbedrohlich sein. Toxidrome helfen, die Vergiftungssymptome schneller einzuordnen und eine zielgerichtete Diagnostik und Therapie rascher zu initiieren. Die Toxidromsonne ermöglicht, Untersuchungsbefunde und Leitsymptome intuitiv einem Toxidrom zuzuordnen und dadurch rasch eine spezifische Therapie einzuleiten. Die Toxidromsonne dient als Instrument zur strukturierten Herangehensweise bei intoxikierten Patienten und ist insbesondere für den Einsatz bei kritisch erkrankten Patienten im Schockraum geeignet.
Divergent tunes: exploring dialects in Great Reed Warbler song pattern
Authors: Węgrzyn Ewa , Tańska Natalia , Leniowski Konrad , Czechowski Rafał 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn most songbirds, there is geographic variability in their songs, and for some of these species, populations display unique vocal characteristics that can be used to identify the origin of individual birds, i.e., dialects. Although studies indicate the significant role of dialects in bird vocal behaviour, the majority of species remain largely unexplored in this regard. In this paper, we investigate whether dialects occur in the vocal behaviour of the Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus)—a model species in studies of birdsong and sexual selection. In this study, we analyze the vocal behaviour of ten Great Reed Warbler populations, ranging in distance from 6 to 410 km. We test the hypotheses that (i) populations of the Great Reed Warbler differ in dialects and (ii) differences in dialects between populations increase with the distance that separates their breeding grounds. The results of our research confirmed both our hypotheses. Each population had characteristic whistles or their specific combinations, allowing males to be assigned to the population they originated from based on their song. We also demonstrated that the between-population variation in syllable repertoire increases with the distance between populations. The greatest similarities in the repertoire composition occur among populations separated by less than 50 km which may result from individuals moving between closely located populations, thereby sharing vocalisations. As the distance between populations increases, the likelihood of individual migration decreases, which in turn favors the emergence of specific and distinct elements of the song for each population.
Assessing the need for coronary angiography in high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients using artificial intelligence and computed tomography
Authors: Cagnina Aurelien , Salihu Adil , Meier David , Luangphiphat Wongsakorn , Faltin Benjamin , Skalidis Ioannis , Zimmerli Aurelia , Rotzinger David , Dine Qanadli Salah , Muller Olivier , Abbe Emmanuel , Fournier Stephane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in guiding the need for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in high-risk non-ST-elevation (NSTE) acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients based on both standard clinical data and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) findings.

Methods
This investigation is a sub-study of a larger prospective multicentric double blinded project where high-risk NSTE-ACS patients underwent CCTA prior to ICA to compare coronary lesion by both modalities. ChatGPT analyzed clinical vignettes containing patient data, electrocardiograms, troponin levels, and CCTA results to determine the necessity of ICA. The AI’s recommendations were then compared to actual ICA findings to assess its decision-making accuracy.

Results
In total, 86 patients (age: 62 ± 13 years old, female 27%) were included. ChatGPT recommended against ICA for 19 patients, 16 of whom indeed had no significant findings. For 67 patients, ChatGPT advised proceeding with ICA, and a significant lesion was confirmed in 58 of them. Consequently, ChatGPT’s overall accuracy stood at 86%, with a sensitivity of 95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–0.92) and a specificity of 64% (95% CI 0.62–0.94). The model’s negative predictive value was 84% (95% CI 0.44–0.79), and its positive predictive value was 87% 95% CI 0.86–0.97).

Conclusion
Preliminary evidence suggests that ChatGPT can effectively assist in making ICA decisions for high-risk NSTE-ACS patients, potentially reducing unnecessary procedures. However, the study underscores the importance of data accuracy and calls for larger, more diverse investigations to refine artificial intelligence’s role in clinical decision-making.
Stochastic Comparisons for Finite Mixtures from Location-scale Family of Distributions
Authors: Bhakta Raju , Kayal Suchandan , Finkelstein Maxim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we consider two finite mixture models (FMMs) with location-scale family distributed components, in which ordering results are established in various stochastic senses. For heterogeneity in one parameter, the comparisons are obtained with respect to usual stochastic order, hazard rate order, reversed hazard rate order and likelihood ratio order. Further, for heterogeneity in two parameters, we derive sufficient conditions for the stochastic comparison of FMMs with respect to usual stochastic order and hazard rate order. Various examples and counterexamples are presented to illustrate the proposed results.
The role of inflammation induced by necroptosis in the development of fibrosis and liver cancer in novel knockin mouse models fed a western diet
Authors: Selvarani Ramasamy , Nguyen HoangVan Michelle , Pazhanivel Natesan , Raman Muthusamy , Lee Sunho , Wolf Roman F. , Deepa Sathyaseelan S. , Richardson Arlan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon-resolving, chronic inflammation (inflammaging) is believed to play an important role in aging and age-related diseases. The goal of this study was to determine if inflammation induced by necroptosis arising from the liver plays a role in chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver cancer in mice fed a western diet (WD). Necroptosis was induced in liver using two knockin (KI) mouse models that overexpress genes involved in necroptosis (Ripk3 or Mlkl) specifically in liver (i.e., hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice). These mice and control mice (not overexpressing Ripk3 or Mlkl) were fed a WD (high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol) starting at 2 months of age for 3, 6, and 12 months. Feeding the WD induced necroptosis in the control mice, which was further elevated in the hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice and was associated with a significant increase in inflammation in the livers of the hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice compared to control mice fed the WD. Overexpressing Ripk3 or Mlkl significantly increased steatosis and fibrosis compared to control mice fed the WD. Mice fed the WD for 12 months developed liver tumors (hepatocellular adenomas): 28% of the control mice developing tumors compared to 62% of the hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice. The hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice showed significantly more and larger tumor nodules. Our study provides the first direct evidence that inflammation induced by necroptosis arising from hepatocytes can lead to the progression of hepatic steatosis to fibrosis in obese mice that eventually results in an increased incidence in hepatocellular adenomas.
Teachers’ use of questions and the science/religion encounter: Basil Bernstein and the impossibility of the unthinkable
Authors: Revell Lynn , Bowie Bob , Woolley Mary , Riordan John-Paul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines the teaching of creation in a year six and a year three Religious Education (RE) class in schools in the south of England with a focus on the type and role of teacher questioning in relation to classroom discussions. The nature of knowledge, curriculum content and the relationship between RE and other subjects is currently under scrutiny and there is an ongoing debate about the negative effects of presenting science and religion as epistemically siloed. This paper presents an analysis of the way two teachers in two primary schools used questions to frame the relationship between science and religion where the aim was to minimise the polarisation of religion and science. Using Bernstein’s idea of the pedagogic device and the related notions of frame, classification and the unthinkable the analysis suggests that teachers employed both visible and invisible pedagogies that limited the diversity of ideas that were considered legitimate in discussions, and which therefore influenced the nature of pupil questions and responses. We suggest that despite attempts by both teachers to diminish the strong boundaries between different types of knowledge their use of questions serves to reinforce them.