bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willingness to Pay for Mandibular Overdentures: A Societal Perspective
Authors: Srivastava A. , Esfandiari S. , Madathil S.A. , Birch S. , Feine J.S. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Dental services in many countries are funded out-of-pocket by patients whose acceptance of a dental treatment depends on their valuation of it. Using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) strategy, this study aimed to determine how people who do not wear dentures value the benefits of dentures retained by implants and what factors explain variations in WTP among subjects. Methods: Telephone numbers of a representative Canadian sample were obtained from a consumer database provider. Respondents completed either an internet-based or telephone survey with 3 payment scenarios: paying oneself (out-of-pocket), coverage with private health insurance, and publicly financed through additional taxes. Personal information data (e.g., age, income) were used as independent variables in regression models to assess the determinants of WTP amounts. Results: Among 1,096 respondents, 317 participated in the survey (response rate, 28.9%). The mean WTP of participants (mean ± SD age: 41.2 ± 0.6 y; 54.3% male) who were dentate/partially edentate was $5,347 for implant overdentures. Considering a 1 in 5 chance of becoming edentate, they were willing to pay $26.93 as monthly payments for private insurance. They were also willing to pay an additional yearly tax of $103.63 to support a public program. WTP private payments increased substantially with increase in household income and dental needs. Conclusion: This preference study provides information to dentists, insurance companies, and policy makers on what dentate people are willing to pay for implant overdentures, whether directly or with insurance/government coverage. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study provides results of interest to many stakeholders. For clinicians, the results reveal what people are willing to pay for implant overdentures for themselves. It also provides information to employers and insurance companies on how people value having coverage for this kind of service. Furthermore, it provides public policy makers the value that people place on public funding of such treatments and how they would support a decision to publicly fund such a treatment.
Hydroa vacciniforme–like lymphoproliferative disorder: an EBV disease with a low risk of systemic illness in whites
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey I. , Manoli Irini , Dowdell Kennichi , Krogmann Tammy A. , Tamura Deborah , Radecki Pierce , Bu Wei , Turk Siu-Ping , Liepshutz Kelly , Hornung Ronald L. , Fassihi Hiva , Sarkany Robert P. , Bonnycastle Lori L. , Chines Peter S. , Swift Amy J. , Myers Timothy G. , Levoska Melissa A. , DiGiovanna John J. , Collins Francis S. , Kraemer Kenneth H. , Pittaluga Stefania , Jaffe Elaine S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPatients with classic hydroa vacciniforme–like lymphoproliferative disorder (HVLPD) typically have high levels of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in T cells and/or natural killer (NK) cells in blood and skin lesions induced by sun exposure that are infiltrated with EBV-infected lymphocytes. HVLPD is very rare in the United States and Europe but more common in Asia and South America. The disease can progress to a systemic form that may result in fatal lymphoma. We report our 11-year experience with 16 HVLPD patients from the United States and England and found that whites were less likely to develop systemic EBV disease (1/10) than nonwhites (5/6). All (10/10) of the white patients were generally in good health at last follow-up, while two-thirds (4/6) of the nonwhite patients required hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nonwhite patients had later age of onset of HVLPD than white patients (median age, 8 vs 5 years) and higher levels of EBV DNA (median, 1 515 000 vs 250 000 copies/ml) and more often had low numbers of NK cells (83% vs 50% of patients) and T-cell clones in the blood (83% vs 30% of patients). RNA-sequencing analysis of an HVLPD skin lesion in a white patient compared with his normal skin showed increased expression of interferon-γ and chemokines that attract T cells and NK cells. Thus, white patients with HVLPD were less likely to have systemic disease with EBV and had a much better prognosis than nonwhite patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00369421 and #NCT00032513.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The distribution and socioeconomic burden of Hepatitis C virus in South Australia: a cross-sectional study 2010–2016
Authors: Edmunds Bernard Luke , Miller Emma Ruth , Tsourtos George 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is a communicable disease of increasing global importance with 1.75 million new infections and 400,000 related deaths annually. Until recently, treatment options have had low uptake and most infected people remain untreated. New Direct Acting Antiviral medications can clear the virus in around 95% of cases, with few side-effects. These medications are restricted in most countries but freely accessible in Australia, yet most people still remain untreated. This study applies a cross-sectional research design to investigate the socio-spatial distribution of HCV in South Australia, to identify vulnerable populations, and examine epidemiological factors to potentially inform future targeted strategies for improved treatment uptake.

Method
HCV surveillance data were sourced from South Australia’s Communicable Diseases Control Branch and socio-economic population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics from January 2010 to December 2016 inclusive. HCV cases were spatially mapped at postcode level. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of demographic risks for HCV notification and notification source.

Results
HCV notifications (n = 3356) were seven times more likely to be from people residing in the poorest areas with high rates of non-employment (75%; n = 1876) and injecting drug use (74%; n = 1862) reported. Notifications among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were around six times that of non-Indigenous people. HCV notifications negatively correlated (Spearman’s rho − 0.426; p < 0.001) with socio-economic status (residential postcode socio-economic resources Index). History of imprisonment independently predicted HCV diagnoses in lesser economically-resourced areas (RR1.5; p < 0.001). Independent predictors of diagnosis elsewhere than in general practices were non-employment (RR 4.6; p = 0.028), being male (RR 2.5; p < 0.001), and younger than mean age at diagnosis (RR 2.1; p = 0.006).

Conclusions
Most people diagnosed with HCV were from marginalised sub-populations. Given general practitioners are pivotal to providing effective HCV treatment for many people in Australia a most concerning finding was that non-employed people were statistically less likely to be diagnosed by general practitioners. These findings highlight a need for further action aimed at improving healthcare access and treatment uptake to help reduce the burden of HCV for marginalised people, and progress the vision of eliminating HCV as a major public health threat.
Is surgical axillary staging necessary in women with T1 breast cancer who are treated with breast‐conserving therapy?
Authors: Wang Jin , Tang Hailin , Li Xing , Song Cailu , Xiong Zhenchong , Wang Xi , Xie Xiaoming , Tang Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the post‐Z0011 trial era, the need to perform surgical axillary staging for early‐stage breast cancer patients, who are treated with breast‐conserving therapy (BCT), is being questioned. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate the safety of waiving surgical axillary staging in patients with T1 breast cancer treated with BCT.MethodsA total of 166,615 eligible patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 were divided into staging (sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection) and non‐staging (no lymph node examined or only needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes) groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance disparities between the two groups. Multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess factors related to breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS).ResultsAlthough the tumor size at time of presentation was decreasing over years, the rate of surgical axillary staging increased from 93.3% to 96.9%. The 5‐year BCSS rates of the whole cohort (before PSM) and matched cohort (after PSM) were 98.0% and 97.5%. Within the matched cohort, the BCSS was significantly longer in the staging group than in the non‐staging group (P < 0.001). However, surgical axillary staging did not benefit patients who were 50–79 years old, had tumor size < 1 cm, histological grade I disease, or favorable histological types (tubular/mucinous/papillary) in stratified analyses (P > 0.05). Race, marital status, hormone receptors, and chemotherapy were not associated with the favorable impact of surgical axillary staging on BCSS (P > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough surgical axillary staging remains important for T1 breast cancer patients treated with BCT, it might be unnecessary for patients with old age, small tumor, grade I disease, or favorable histological types.
Three-dimensional numerical modeling of gravity and magnetic anomaly in a mixed space-wavenumber domain
Authors: Dai Shikun , Zhao Dongdong , Wang Shunguo , Xiong Bin , Zhang Qianjiang , Li Kun , Chen Longwei , Chen Qingrui 
Published: May 2019

Fast and accurate numerical modeling of gravity and magnetic anomalies is the basis of field-data inversion and quantitative interpretation. In gravity and magnetic prospecting, the computation and memory requirements of practical modeling is still a significant issue, which leads to the difficulty of using efficient and detailed inversions for large-scale complex models. A new 3D numerical modeling method for gravity and magnetic anomaly in a mixed space-wavenumber domain is proposed to mitigate the difficulties. By performing a 2D Fourier transform along two horizontal directions, 3D partial differential equations governing gravity and magnetic potentials in the spatial domain are transformed into a group of independent 1D differential equations wrapped with different wavenumbers. Importantly, the computation and memory requirements of modeling are greatly reduced by this method. A modeling example with 4,040,100 observations can be finished in approximately 28 s on a desktop using a single core, and the independent differential equations are highly parallel among different wavenumbers. The method preserves the vertical component in the space domain, and thus a mesh for modeling can be finer at a shallower depth and coarser at a deeper depth. In general, the new method takes into account the calculation accuracy and the efficiency. The finite-element algorithm combined with a chasing method is used to solve the transformed differential equations with different wavenumbers. In a synthetic test, a model with prism-shaped anomalies is used to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm by comparing the analytical solution, our numerical solution, and a well-known numerical solution. Furthermore, we have studied the balance between computational accuracy and efficiency using a standard fast Fourier transform (FFT) method with grid expansion and the Gauss-FFT method. A model with topography is also used to explore the ability of modeling topography with our method. The results indicate that the proposed method using the Gauss-FFT method has characteristics of fast calculation speed and high accuracy.
The cytoneme connection: direct long-distance signal transfer during development
Authors: González-Méndez Laura , Gradilla Ana-Citlali , Guerrero Isabel 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
During development, specialized cells produce signals that distribute among receiving cells to induce a variety of cellular behaviors and organize tissues. Recent studies have highlighted cytonemes, a type of specialized signaling filopodia that carry ligands and/or receptor complexes, as having a role in signal dispersion. In this Primer, we discuss how the dynamic regulation of cytonemes facilitates signal transfer in complex environments. We assess recent evidence for the mechanisms for cytoneme formation, function and regulation, and postulate that contact between cytoneme membranes promotes signal transfer as a new type of synapse (morphogenetic synapsis). Finally, we reflect on the fundamental unanswered questions related to understanding cytoneme biology.
Superb microvascular imaging is a rational choice for accurate Bosniak classification of renal cystic masses
Authors: Mu Jie , Mao Yiran , Li Fangxuan , Xin Xiaojie , Zhang Sheng 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
Bosniak classification system provides a fine imaging evaluation for the malignant cystic renal masses. Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) is a new ultrasonic technique which apply advanced clutter suppression to reflect microflow information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ultrasound Bosniak classification aided by SMI in diagnosis of cystic renal masses.

Methods:
By comparing with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and pathology, we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of conventional ultrasound and SMI combination in the diagnosis of renal cystic masses.

Results:
Color Doppler Flow image (CDFI) and SMI had significant difference in evaluation the blood flow and Bosniak classification for cystic renal mass of IIf, III and IV (p = 0.020). SMI was consistent with CEUS for cystic renal mass Bosniak classification of IIf, III and IV. Although, CEUS had highest sensitivity of 97.4%, SMI had the highest area under curve in differential diagnosis malignance from benign masses [area under curve = 0.869 (0.743 – 0.995), p &lt; 0.001].

Conclusion:
SMI can display better in observing blood flow in septa and solid structures of renal cystic lesions compared with CDFI, thus, it can perform more accurate Bosniak classification for renal cystic mass. SMI and CEUS are consistent in Bosniak classification. Bosniak classification aided by SMI maybe an accurate non-invasive ultrasonic examination in distinguishing benign and malignant renal cystic lesions.

Advances in knowledge:
Conventional ultrasound had limited ability to distinguish malignance in Bosniak classifications IIf and III. SMI can display better in observing blood flow in septa and solid structures of renal cystic lesions compared with CDFI.
Ride Your Luck! A Field Experiment on Lottery-Based Incentives for Compliance
Authors: Fabbri Marco , Nicola Barbieri Paolo , Bigoni Maria 
Published: May 2019

In a field experiment, we studied the performance of an incentive scheme that combines a lottery-based reward for compliance with probabilistic sanctions for noncompliance. For one month, bus passengers who purchased a ticket on board a subset of buses operating in a medium-sized Italian city participated in a lottery awarding a €500 prize. The remaining buses—otherwise identical—were used as controls. We observed the amount of tickets sold on treated and control buses over three months, before, during, and after the introduction of the lottery. Results show that treated buses sold significantly more on-board tickets than control buses during the lottery period. In our setup, the estimated extra revenues from the ticket sales caused by the introduction of the lottery fell short of the amount of the total prizes raffled off. However, the incentive scheme proved cost-effective because not all the lottery prizes were claimed by winners. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
The experience of the non-medical prescriber in the emergency department in Ireland
Authors: Connor Roger , McHugh Áine 
Published: May 2019

Aim: this study set out to evaluate the position of the non-medical prescriber in the emergency department in Ireland. It aims to explore how the role is developing and determine possible barriers to role expansion. Results: six main themes were identified: the process of role development, changes in professional relationships, nurses' awareness of non-medical prescribing, role progression, the future of the role of the non-medical prescriber, and nursing management's understanding of the role. Conclusion: the findings suggest that despite major leaps in the progression of the non-medical prescriber role, many barriers remain. There have been great improvements in professional support from medical and pharmacy colleagues, but nurses themselves were identified as impeding the progression of the role.
Revolução, contrarrevolução e homossexualidade em Cuba: alguns apontamentos
Authors: Ribas Jorge Luiz Teixeira 
Published: May 2019

Este artigo discute o conceito de "contrarrevolução" na historiografia daRevolução Cubana, inserindo nesse campo de discussão a eliminação dahomossexualidade como objetivo político dos revolucionários, sendo oshomossexuais considerados pelo regime como contrarrevolucionários porexcelência. A ideia de contrarrevolução é ainda muito restrita a oposiçõespolíticas contrárias Ã revolução (imperialismo, luta armada e organizaçõespolíticas) negligenciando indivíduos que, malgrado não atuaremdeliberadamente contra o regime, foram combatidos comocontrarrevolucionários com base em critérios morais e sexuais. Adesconsideração dos homossexuais como contrarrevolucionários nahistoriografia deve-se ao próprio silêncio existente na historiografia emrelação à perseguição homofóbica promovida pelo regime de Fidel Castro.Dessa forma, serão abordados os critérios e atividades que têm definido ocampo dos opositores ao regime revolucionário na historiografia,apontando para as limitações e possibilidades do termo, propondo oalargamento do debate e aprofundando a compreensão do fenômeno, combase no delineamento da homossexualidade como lócuscontrarrevolucionário por parte da ideologia revolucionária instaurada em1959 em Cuba.
O príncipe exemplar: o Clarimundo de João de Barros como modelo de príncipe dirigido ao futuro rei D. João III
Authors: Reis Flávio Antônio Fernandes 
Published: May 2019

Nesse artigo propomos estudar aspectos retóricos da narrativa de cavalaria de João de Barros e suas articulações com a filosofia moral, mais precisamente, com aqueles saberes e doutrinas dirigidos à educação régia. Publicado em 1522, dedicado ao príncipe e depois rei D. João III,Â Â a narrativa conhecida atualmente como "Crônica do Imperador Clarimundo" é um compêndio retoricamente constituído com artifícios discursivos e figurações que evidenciam as virtudes próprias do príncipe, juntando ao deleite das narrativas de cavalaria o proveito dos exemplos que nelas são preconizados.Â
O professor reflexivo para o ensino de ciências com abordagem CTS / The reflective teacher for CTS-based science education
Authors: Calefi Paulo Sérgio , Fortunato Ivan 
Published: May 2019

Este ensaio foi tecido a partir dos encontros de pesquisa promovidos pelo Núcleo de Estudos Transdisciplinares em Ensino, Ciência, Cultura e Ambiente (Nutecca), nos quais a busca por um ensino de qualidade têm se tornado o catalisador de discussões, sejam essas sobre questões relacionadas a Ambiente & Sociedade ou sobre nossas próprias práticas pedagógicas. O texto ora apresentado é um esforço colaborativo de organizar ideias a respeito de um conceito importante para a educação, mas que talvez tenha sido popularizado de uma forma que o banalizou. Trata-se do "professor reflexivoâ€, termo cunhado por Donald Schon no final do século passado, que diz respeito Ã tríade ação-reflexão-ação, que deveria ser tratada como aspecto basilar da profissão docente. Especificamente, nosso objetivo é introduzir a necessária discussão a respeito do professor reflexivo no ensino de ciências e a abordagem mais ampla, que trata da interface Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS).
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação. Tecnologia. Sociedade.
O ensino das leis de Newton a partir das concepções prévias dos alunos e de mapas conceituais / The teaching of Newton's laws starting from the previous conceptions of the students and the conceptual maps.
Authors: Silva Jonas Cegelka da , Nonenmacher Sandra Elisabet Bazana 
Published: May 2019

O ensino da física ocorre, muitas vezes, de forma desarticulada da realidade vivida pelos alunos. Além disso, o conhecimento prévio dos mesmos é desconsiderado nas práticas pedagógicas. Nesse sentido, o trabalho em tela foi estruturado tendo as ideias prévias dos alunos como ponto de partida no estudo das leis de Newton, no primeiro ano do ensino médio. Buscando indícios de que a aprendizagem ocorreu de forma significativa, suas concepções prévias foram comparadas com o mapa conceitual que os mesmos elaboraram ao final da instrução. Disso, foi possível perceber a evolução conceitual dos mesmos, embora, ainda, outras ferramentas sejam importantes e necessárias para verificar indícios da aprendizagem dos conceitos desenvolvidos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Conhecimento Prévio. Aprendizagem Significativa. Mapas Conceituais.
The Concentration Behavior of Ground States for a Class of Kirchhoff-type Problems with Hartree-type Nonlinearity
Authors: Gu Guangze , Tang Xianhua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the Kirchhoff equation with Hartree-type nonlinearity

{

-

(

ε
2

⁢
a

+

ε
⁢
b
⁢

∫

ℝ
3

|

∇
⁡
u

|

2

⁢

d
⁢
x

)

⁢
Δ
⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

=

ε

μ
-
3

⁢

(

∫

ℝ
3

K
⁢

(
y
)

⁢
F
⁢

(

u
⁢

(
y
)

)

|

x
-
y

|

μ

⁢

d
⁢
y

)

⁢
K
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
f
⁢

(
u
)

,

u
∈

H
1

⁢

(

ℝ
3

)

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle-&\displaystyle\biggl{(}\varepsilon^{2}a+% \varepsilon b\int_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{2}\mathop{}\!dx\biggr{% )}\Delta u+V(x)u=\varepsilon^{\mu-3}\biggl{(}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}\frac{K(y)F(% u(y))}{\lvert x-y\rvert^{\mu}}\mathop{}\!dy\biggr{)}K(x)f(u),\\ &\displaystyle u\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}),\end{aligned}\right.

where

ε
>
0

{\varepsilon>0}

is a small parameter,

a
,
b

>
0

{a,b>0}

,

μ
∈

(
0
,
3
)

{\mu\in(0,3)}

,

V
,
K

{V,K}

are two positive continuous function and F is the primitive function of f which is superlinear but subcritical at infinity in the sense of the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality. We show that the equation admits a positive ground state solution for

ε
>
0

{\varepsilon>0}

sufficiently small. Furthermore, we prove that these ground state solutions concentrate around such points which are both the minima points of the potential V and the maximum points of the potential K as

ε
→
0

{\varepsilon\to 0}

.
Crystal structure of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole, C21H16ClFN2
Authors: Shen Zhenpeng , Liu E. , Tian Xinzhe , Jian Fangfang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C21H16ClFN2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 20.286(4) Å, b = 5.3827(11) Å, c = 16.254(3) Å, β = 104.95(3)°, Z = 4, V = 1714.7(7) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0548, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1199, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of 1,3,5-trinitro-4,6-diazidobenzene, C6HN9O6
Authors: Peilan Wang , Jianlong Wang , Lizhen Chen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C6HN9O6, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.5199(19) Å, b = 13.436(3) Å, c = 15.235(3) Å, V = 2153.4(7) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0435, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1355, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of 4-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, C8H7N3S
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C8H7N3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.0155(1) Å, b = 14.1062(1) Å, c = 10.1990(1) Å, β = 98.871(1)°, V = 855.092(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0241, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0609, T = 100(2) K.
The synthysis and crystal structure of cyclohexyl 5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, C18H15N3Cl2F6O3S
Authors: Chen Lianqing , Wei Xiaoshan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C18H15N3Cl2F6O3S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.6682(7) Å, b = 31.130(4) Å, c = 12.2829(16) Å, β = 98.328(2)°, V = 2144.5(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0535, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1133, T = 173 K.