bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Papiospp. Colon microbiome and its link to obesity in pregnancy
Authors: Li XuanJi , Rensing Christopher , Taylor William L. , Costelle Caitlin , Brejnrod Asker Daniel , Ferry Robert J. , Higgins Paul B. , Folli Franco , Kottapalli Kameswara Rao , Hubbard Gene B. , Dick Edward J. , Yooseph Shibu , Nelson Karen E. , Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch Natalia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionGut microbial communities are critical players in the pathogenesis of obesity. Pregnancy is associated with increased bacterial load and changes in gut bacterial diversity. Sparse data exist regarding composition of gut microbial communities in obesity combined with pregnancy.Material and methodsBanked tissues were collected under sterile conditions during necropsy, from three non‐obese (nOb) and four obese (Ob) near‐term pregnant baboons. Sequences were assigned taxonomy using the Ribosomal Database Project classifier. Microbiome abundance and its difference between distinct groups were assessed by a nonparametric test.ResultsThree families predominated in both the nOb and Ob colonic microbiome:Prevotellaceae(25.98% and 32.71% respectively),Ruminococcaceae(12.96% and 7.48%), andLachnospiraceae(8.78% and 11.74%). Seven families of the colon microbiome displayed differences between Ob and nOb groups.ConclusionChanges in gut microbiome in pregnant obese animals open the venue for dietary manipulation in pregnancy.
Therapeutic value of stimulating the nitrate‐nitrite‐nitric oxide pathway to attenuate oxidative stress and restore nitric oxide bioavailability in cardiorenal disease
Authors: Carlstrom M. , Montenegro M. F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCardiovascular disorders including hypertension and associated renal disease are major health problems affecting more than 1.5 billion people worldwide. Apart from nonmodifiable factors such as ageing, family history and gender, both sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary habits are considered as major risk factors. The disorders are interrelated suggesting common pathological pathways. Mechanistically, oxidative stress and compromised function of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system leading to endothelial dysfunction and reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability have been widely implicated and associated with development and progression of disease. New strategies that correct this redox imbalance and increase NO bioactivity may have major clinical implications. The inorganic anions, nitrate and nitrite, are endogenously formed by oxidization of NOS‐derived NO, but there are also high amounts of nitrate in our daily diet. In this regard, accumulated evidence over the past two decades demonstrates that these anions can be recycled back to NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides, thus offering an attractive alternative strategy for therapeutic exploitation. In this review, we describe how dietary stimulation of the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway affects cardiovascular and renal functions in health and disease via modulation of oxidative stress and NO bioavailability. Clinical studies addressing potential effects on the renal system are still limited, but blood pressure‐lowering effects of nitrate supplementation have been demonstrated in healthy and hypertensive subjects as well as in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, larger clinical studies are warranted to reveal whether chronic nitrate treatment can slow‐down the progression of cardiorenal disease and associated complications.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Zirconia and Metal‐Ceramic Three‐Unit Posterior Fixed Partial Dentures: A 5‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Suarez Maria J. , Perez Cristina , Pelaez Jesus , Lopez‐Suarez Carlos , Gonzalo Esther 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare the survival, success rates, and biological/technical complications of posterior metal‐ceramic (MC) and zirconia fixed partial dentures (FPDs).Materials and MethodsA total of 40 patients requiring 40 posterior FPDs were randomly assigned to receive 20 zirconia and 20 MC restorations. The restorations were examined 1 week (baseline) and 1, 3, and 5 years after the end of treatment. Technical and biological outcomes were compared. Data were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank and Mann‐Whitney U tests.ResultsThe survival rates of both groups were 100%, and the success rates were 80% (zirconia) and 100% (MC). No biological complications were observed. Minor chipping was found in 20% of the zirconia restorations. No differences in periodontal parameters were observed between groups.ConclusionsZirconia FPDs exhibited the same survival rate (100%) as MC FPDs after 5 years; however, the success rate was 80%, because an increased rate of chipping was observed in zirconia restorations.
The effects of group‐based Laughter Yoga interventions on mental health in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Bressington Daniel , Yu Clare , Wong Wandy , Ng Tsz C. , Chien Wai Tong 
Published: July 2018

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Laughter yoga is claimed to promote mental health and has become increasingly popular worldwide.

There has been no systematic review of laughter yoga intervention studies and thus evidence of its effects on mental health is unclear.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Laughter Yoga interventions improved depressive symptoms in two studies over the short term.

There is a lack of good quality evidence to show that laughter yoga is more effective than other group‐based interventions in improving mental health.

What are the implications for practice?

Well‐conducted and clearly reported trials of laughter yoga are needed before the intervention can be considered as an evidence‐based intervention to improve mental health.

AbstractIntroductionLaughter Yoga is claimed to promote mental health and is increasingly popular worldwide. Despite its popularity, there has been no systematic review of Laughter Yoga intervention studies and thus evidence of its effects on mental health is unclear.AimThis review aimed to critically evaluate the effects of group‐based Laughter Yoga on improving mental health in adults.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of experimental studies (published from 1995 to 2017). Study quality was assessed, the effect sizes for individual mental health outcomes were calculated and all reviewed studies were narratively synthesized.ResultsSix experimental studies with inconsistent results were included in this review. The most promising effect of Laughter Yoga is the improvement of depressive symptoms, indicating significant medium‐large effect sizes in two studies over the short term. The overall level of evidence was weak due to poor study quality and risks of bias.DiscussionLaughter Yoga shows potential, but currently there is insufficient evidence to support its effectiveness in improving mental health when compared to other group‐based interventions.Implications for practiceThis review highlights the need to conduct rigorous trials of laughter yoga before the intervention can be considered as an evidence‐based intervention to improve mental health.
Vegetation patterns along agricultural land abandonment in the Balkans
Authors: Zakkak Sylvia , Radovic Andeja , Panitsa Maria , Vassilev Kiril , Shuka Lulëzim , Kuttner Michael , Schindler Stefan , Kati Vassiliki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractQuestionWhat are the woody vegetation encroachment patterns after agricultural land abandonment? Focusing on two parameters, woody plant species richness and vertical vegetation heterogeneity (number of different vegetation strata and their relative cover) we investigated: (a) the effect of forest encroachment following land abandonment; (b) the comparative importance of forest encroachment vis‐a‐vis topographic and climatic parameters, and finally; (c) the ecological importance of eight land‐cover types encountered in abandoned agricultural landscapes.LocationThe Balkan Peninsula (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece).MethodsWe set up a standard methodology for 1 × 1 km site selection (70 sites) and data collection within 497 plots, along a well‐defined forest encroachment gradient that reflects land abandonment in terms of woody vegetation cover.ResultsThe pattern that emerged was neither clear nor common for the Balkan region, regarding the effect of forest encroachment on the woody plant species richness in young forests, formed from 20 to 50 years after land abandonment. However, at national level, species diversity was significantly affected by elevation (Bulgaria and Croatia) and temperature (Croatia), with lower and cooler areas being richer. Elevation was of great importance in determining vertical vegetation heterogeneity. Woodlots, broad‐leaved forests, hedges and shrublands held the highest woody species richness in comparison to the more open land‐cover types, and vertical vegetation heterogeneity was higher in open forests and woodlots.ConclusionsWe expect the expansion of broad‐leaved forests following land abandonment to enhance woody species richness. However, other land‐cover types that were found to be important for woody plants should be maintained. As woody plants play a key role in supporting overall biodiversity, by providing suitable habitat for many species, we consider the preservation of a mosaic of patches of different land‐cover types essential for the conservation of both plant and animal species diversity. Young forests should be preserved at intermediate stages of succession, through intermediate disturbance activities, including medium intensity grazing and the enhancement of wild ungulates.
Integrative approaches to guide conservation decisions: Using genomics to define conservation units and functional corridors
Authors: Barbosa Soraia , Mestre Frederico , White Thomas A. , Paupério Joana , Alves Paulo C. , Searle Jeremy B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClimate change and increasing habitat loss greatly impact species survival, requiring range shifts, phenotypic plasticity and/or evolutionary change for long‐term persistence, which may not readily occur unaided in threatened species. Therefore, defining conservation actions requires a detailed assessment of evolutionary factors. Existing genetic diversity needs to be thoroughly evaluated and spatially mapped to define conservation units (CUs) in an evolutionary context, and we address that here. We also propose a multidisciplinary approach to determine corridors and functional connectivity between CUs by including genetic diversity in the modelling while controlling for isolation by distance and phylogeographic history. We evaluate our approach on a Near Threatened Iberian endemic rodent by analysing genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) genomic data from 107 Cabrera voles (Microtus cabrerae), screening the entire species distribution to define categories of CUs and their connectivity: We defined six management units (MUs) which can be grouped into four evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and three (putatively) adaptive units (AUs). We demonstrate that the three different categories of CU can be objectively defined using genomic data, and their characteristics and connectivity can inform conservation decision‐making. In particular, we show that connectivity of the Cabrera vole is very limited in eastern Iberia and that the pre‐Pyrenean and part of the Betic geographic nuclei contribute the most to the species genetic diversity. We argue that a multidisciplinary framework for CU definition is essential and that this framework needs a strong evolutionary basis.
Immunoglobulin‐like domains of the cargo proteins are essential for protein stability during secretion by the type IX secretion system
Authors: Sato Keiko , Kakuda Shinji , Yukitake Hideharu , Kondo Yoshio , Shoji Mikio , Takebe Katsuki , Narita Yuka , Naito Mariko , Nakane Daisuke , Abiko Yoshimitsu , Hiratsuka Koichi , Suzuki Mamoru , Nakayama Koji 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis secretes many potent virulence factors using the type IX secretion system (T9SS). T9SS cargo proteins that have been structurally determined by X‐ray crystallography are composed of a signal peptide, functional domain(s), an immunoglobulin (Ig)‐like domain and a C‐terminal domain. Role of the Ig‐like domains of cargo proteins in the T9SS has not been elucidated. Gingipain proteases, which are cargo proteins of the T9SS, were degraded when their Ig‐like domains were lacking or truncated. The degradation was dependent on the activity of a quality control factor, HtrA protease. Another T9SS cargo protein, HBP35, which has a thioredoxin domain as a functional domain, was analyzed by X‐ray crystallography, revealing that HBP35 has an Ig‐like domain after the thioredoxin domain and that the hydrophobic regions of the thioredoxin domain and the Ig‐like domain face each other. HBP35 with substitution of hydrophobic amino acids in the Ig‐like domain was degraded depending on HtrA. These results suggest that the Ig‐like domain mediates stability of the cargo proteins in the T9SS.
Inferring distributional shifts of epidemiologically important North and Central American sandflies from Pleistocene to future scenarios
Authors: Moo‐Llanes D. A. , Pech‐May A. , Ibarra‐Cerdeña C. N. , Rebollar‐Téllez E. A. , Ramsey J. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNine sandfly species (Diptera: Psychodidae) are suspected or proven vectors of Leishmania spp. in the North and Central America region. The ecological niches for these nine species were modelled in three time periods and the overlaps for all time periods of the geographic predictions (G space), and of ecological dimensions using pairwise comparisons of equivalent niches (E space), were calculated. Two Nearctic, six Neotropical and one species in both bioregions occupied a reduced number of distribution areas. The ecological niche projections for most sandfly species other than Lutzomyia shannoni and Lutzomyia ovallesi have not expanded significantly since the Pleistocene. Only three species increase significantly to 2050, whereas all others remain stable. Lutzomyia longipalpis shared a similar ecological niche with more species than any other, although both L. longipalpis and Lutzomyia olmeca olmeca had conserved distributions over time. Climate change, at both regional and local levels, will play a significant role in the temporal and spatial distributions of sandfly species.
Widespread ancient whole‐genome duplications in Malpighiales coincide with Eocene global climatic upheaval
Authors: Cai Liming , Xi Zhenxiang , Amorim André M. , Sugumaran M. , Rest Joshua S. , Liu Liang , Davis Charles C. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWhole‐genome duplications (WGDs) are widespread and prevalent in vascular plants and frequently coincide with major episodes of global and climatic upheaval, including the mass extinction at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary (c. 65 Ma) and during more recent periods of global aridification in the Miocene (c. 10–5 Ma). Here, we exploreWGDs in the diverse flowering plant clade Malpighiales.Using transcriptomes and complete genomes from 42 species, we applied a multipronged phylogenomic pipeline to identify, locate, and determine the age ofWGDs in Malpighiales using three means of inference: distributions of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks) among paralogs, phylogenomic (gene tree) reconciliation, and a likelihood‐based gene‐count method.We conservatively identify 22 ancientWGDs, widely distributed across Malpighiales subclades. Importantly, these events are clustered around the Eocene–Paleocene transition (c. 54 Ma), during which time the planet was warmer and wetter than any period in the Cenozoic.These results establish that the Eocene Climatic Optimum likely represents a previously unrecognized period of prolificWGDs in plants, and lends further support to the hypothesis that polyploidization promotes adaptation and enhances plant survival during episodes of global change, especially for tropical organisms like Malpighiales, which have tight thermal tolerances.
Topographic approach to the long‐term effect of solar exposure on facial skin of Korean automobile commuters
Authors: Kim D. Y. , Ahn T. M. , Kye Y. C. , Seo S. H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundCar drivers are generally exposed to direct sunlight during commuting hours, which may lead to irreversible skin damage; however, topographical analysis for different facial areas has not been reported.MethodsFacial areas were divided topographically into 11 areas based on esthetic units. We performed a preliminary study to identify the delivery pattern of solar energy on the face in the car during commuting time; subsequently, 15 drivers aged above 50 years were enrolled. Statistical evaluation was performed to investigate topographical differences between the left and right sides of the face and between sexes.ResultsThe left side of the face was different from the right side for L*, a*, and b* on the infraorbital area and L* and b* on the temporal area. Differences were found for L*, a*, or b* between sexes on the central and right face, but not on the left. The left side had more severe hyperpigmentation and wrinkles than the right on average.ConclusionThe left facial area, especially the infraorbital and temporal areas, of Korean automobile commuters was vulnerable to sun damage. Therefore, automobile drivers should care about these areas while driving to prevent long‐term effect from chronic solar damage.
The FT/FD‐dependent initiation of flowering under long‐day conditions in the day‐neutral species Nicotiana tabacum originates from the facultative short‐day ancestor Nicotiana tomentosiformis
Authors: Beinecke Farina A. , Grundmann Lena , Wiedmann David R. , Schmidt Florentin J. , Caesar Andrea S. , Zimmermann Marius , Lahme Michael , Twyman Richard M. , Prüfer Dirk , Noll Gundula A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPhotoperiod is an important external stimulus governing the precise timing of the floral transition in plants. Members of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)‐like clade of phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding proteins induce this developmental process in numerous species by forming regulatory protein complexes with FD‐like bZIP transcription factors. We identified several thus far unknown FT‐like and FD‐like genes in the genus Nicotiana and found that, even in the day‐neutral species Nicotiana tabacum, floral initiation requires the photoperiod‐dependent expression of several FT‐like genes. Furthermore, floral promotion under long‐day (LD) and short‐day (SD) conditions is mediated by an FT‐like protein (NtFT5) that originates from the genome of the paternal, facultative SD ancestor Nicotiana tomentosiformis. In contrast, its ortholog of the maternal LD ancestor Nicotiana sylvestris is not present in the genome of N. tabacum cv. SR1. Expression profiling in N. tabacum and its ancestors confirmed the relevance of these FT and FD orthologs in the context of polyploidization. We also found that floral inhibition by tobacco FT‐like proteins is not restricted to SD conditions, highlighting the coincident expression of tobacco FT‐like genes encoding floral activators and floral inhibitors. Multicolor bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed the preferential formation of FT/FD complexes that promote rather than inhibit flowering, which in concert with the regulation of NtFT and NtFD expression could explain how floral promotion overcomes floral repression during the floral transition in tobacco.
A Turn of the Crank
Authors: Woods Robert O. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
ASME is reviewing this article to reflect current historical scholarship on the subject. Please check back soon for an update.
This article elaborates the social impact of the invention of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin. Before introduction of the gin, cotton had been a mildly interesting but barely productive crop. That changed dramatically with the advent of the gin. Prior to the gin's introduction, cotton fiber could only be separated from the sticky, embedded seeds by a manual operation. The procedure was so slow that cotton was just barely commercially attractive. So little could be produced that the greatest application was in such specialized little things as candle wicks. An individual would work 10 hours to separate a pound of fiber from seeds. Production increased by a staggering amount with the introduction of the cotton gin. A team of two or three could then process 50 pounds of cotton in a single day. Cotton growing suddenly became lucrative, and an unexpected tidal wave of cotton fields sprang up. It soon became by far the major export of the South.
Prediction of Aeroacoustic Resonance in Cavities of Hole-Pattern Stator Seals
Authors: Liliedahl David N. , Carpenter Forrest L. , Cizmas Paul G. A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the mechanism for prediction of aeroacoustic resonance in cavities of hole-pattern stator seals. A Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver developed in-house was used to simulate grazing channel flow past a cavity located in a channel. The numerical results generated with the RANS solver showed good agreement with those obtained using a commercial large eddy simulation code. In addition, the numerical results agreed well with the experimental data. Rossiter’s formula, a popular semi-empirical model used to predict frequencies of holetone acoustic instabilities caused by grazing fluid flow past open cavities, was modified using the RANS solver results to allow for its application to channel flows. This was done by modifying the empirical constant, the ratio of vortex velocity, and the freestream velocity. The RANS solver accurately captured the salient features of the flow/acoustic interaction and predicted well the dominant acoustic frequencies measured in an experimental investigation. The flow solver also provided detailed physical insight into the cavity flow instability mechanism.
Forging a New Nuclear Safety Construct
Authors:   By the ASME Presidential Task Force on Response to Japan Nuclear Power Plant Events
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article provides an insight into critical elements, challenges, and next steps of the ASME’s Presidential Task Force, which has been formed to examine unforeseen nuclear plant events and their implications. Within its broad charter, the ASME Task Force chose to build on the growing body of United States and international technical assessments of different events, and to examine the Fukushima Daiichi accident in the context of the broader lessons learned from a half-century of nuclear operations. This initiative could be perceived as just another layer of requirements limiting the economic viability of nuclear power. On the contrary, the intention is to support the overall viability of safe nuclear generation. The ASME Task Force is convinced that a new nuclear safety construct can be developed that addresses the safety issues from the Fukushima lessons learned with reasonable and well-defined provisions. The ASME Task Force report recommends a set of next actions in this regard, particularly using the experience, stature, and capabilities of ASME in convening workshops, to bring together worldwide stakeholders including industry, regulators, professional societies, government agencies, and industry organizations worldwide.