bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical therapy pathway and protocol for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mohammed Jaleel , Aljurf Mahmoud , Althumayri Abdulaziz , Almansour Muntaha , Alghamdi Ahmed , Hamidieh Amir Ali , ElHaddad Alaa , Othman Tarek Ben , Bazarbachi Ali , Almohareb Fahad , Alzahrani Mohsen , Alkindi Salam S. , Alsharif Fahad , Da'na Waleed , Alhashmi Hani , Bekadja Mohamed A. , Al-Shammari Salem H. , Quessar Asma El , Satti Tariq M. , Aljohani Naif , Rasheed Walid , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir , Chaudhri Naeem , Hashmi Shahrukh K. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are often referred for physical therapy (PT) to help improve their quality of life. However, to our knowledge there is no clear PT pathway to guide therapists and patients before, during, and after HSCT.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature review was carried out exploring the role and benefits of PT in HSCT patients. The current evidence was comlimented with recommendations and opinions from the experts in the field, which included PT's and hematology consultants from PTAGVHD and the EMBMT group.

Result:
A clear pathway and protocol as a working guide for rehabilitation professionals working with the HSCT patient's was developed.

Conclusion:
This paper not only reviews the current evidence on safe PT practice but also puts forward a protocol and pathway for HSCT rehabilitation, highlights the importance of individualized exercise intervention for HSCT patients, and outlines safe practice guidelines for the physical therapists working in this field.
Probabilistic size effect law for mode II fracture from critical lengths in snow slab avalanche weak layers
Authors: McCLUNG D. M. , BORSTAD C. P. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTFrom field observations, dry snow slab avalanche initiation is associated with fracture within relatively thin weak layers under stronger, cohesive slabs. For risk-based avalanche prediction, it is important to understand the fracture properties of alpine snow. Alpine snow is a quasi-brittle material with a fracture mechanical size effect on nominal shear strength meaning that strength decreases with increasing specimen size. A related size effect is the critical length required for rapid propagation of a shear fracture. In that case, the probability of fracture increases with increasing crack length. In this paper, 45 sets of field-measured critical lengths are presented based on 591 individual tests. From analysis, a probabilistic size effect law based on critical lengths is derived analogous to the deterministic size effect law for nominal shear strength related to fracture mechanics. The new size effect law may be useful in applications, particularly since the critical length is easily measured in the field and it is a principal component of weak layer fracture toughness.
Low-carbohydrate diets and prevalence, incidence and progression of coronary artery calcium in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Hu Tian , Jacobs David R. , Bazzano Lydia A. , Bertoni Alain G. , Steffen Lyn M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe evidence linking low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) to CVD is controversial, and results from epidemiological studies are inconsistent. We aimed to assess the relationship between LCD patterns and coronary artery Ca (CAC) scores from computed tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Our sample included 5614 men and women free of clinical CVD at baseline (2000–2002), who had a FFQ, a baseline measure and ≥1 measure of CAC during follow-up. We excluded those with implausible energy intake or daily physical activity. The overall, animal-based and plant-based LCD scores were calculated based on intakes of macronutrients. Relative risk regression and robust regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between LCD score quintile and CAC outcomes, after adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The mean age of participants was 63 years. The median intakes of total carbohydrate, fat and protein were 53·7, 30·5 and 15·6 % energy/d, respectively. Among 2892 participants with zero CAC scores at baseline, 264 developed positive scores during 2·4-year follow-up (11–59 months). Among those with positive scores at baseline, the median increase in CAC was 47 units over the course of follow-up. The overall, the animal-based and the plant-based LCD scores were not associated with CAC prevalence, incidence and progression. In conclusion, diets low in carbohydrate and high in fat and/or protein, regardless of the sources of protein and fat, were not associated with higher levels of CAC, a validated predictor of cardiovascular events, in this large multi-ethnic cohort.
MATERIAL ENCOUNTERS: KNOTTING CULTURES IN EARLY MODERN PERU AND SPAIN
Authors: HANß STEFAN 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the early modern nexus between feather-work and textiles with a focus on Spanish Peru. Whilst Peruvian feather-work has been defined as pre-Columbian, this article presents new textual, visual, and material evidence that shows its significance in the material culture of colonial Peru, which serves to initiate a broader debate on the dynamics of cultural encounters in the Ibero-American world. I chart the development of craft cultures beyond the moment of the Spanish conquest of the Americas by discussing Peruvian practices of feather manufacturing in relation to the production and usage of textiles in early modern Spain. This approach, I argue, will enable a reconsideration of the dynamics of the Spanish Empire, whose centres and peripheries were linked through circulating objects that constituted a shared material world. In the particular case of feather-work, this was a world that jointly valued the aesthetics of knots and the intricacy of knotting.
The Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance as a Public Matter of Concern: A Swedish History of a “Transformative Event”
Authors: Gröndal Hedvig 
Published: January 2019

ArgumentThis article examines how antimicrobial resistance (AMR) came to be constituted as a matter of public concern in Sweden in conjunction with the development of an inter-professional organization called Strama, founded to promote rational prescription of antibiotics. An outbreak of penicillin-resistant pneumococci in the mid-1990s was crucial for this development, because it brought attention to AMR as an urgent public threat. This outbreak fuelled the constitution of AMR as caused by consumption of antibiotics and as a matter of disease control. As a consequence, Strama was able to mobilize the Swedish health officers responsible for disease control. The outbreak is conceptualized as a “transformative event” – an event that makes an issue and its associated risks concrete and urgent. Transformative events play the crucial role of expediting the transformation of issues into matters of public concern.
Identification, characterization and expression analysis of the chalcone synthase family in the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans
Authors: Yao Xinghao , Wang Tailin , Wang Huijuan , Liu Hongwei , Liu Shenghao , Zhao Qingang , Chen Kaoshan , Zhang Pengying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMosses have adapted to the Antarctic environment and are an ideal medium for studying plant resistance to abiotic stress. Chalcone synthase is the first committed enzyme in the flavonoid metabolic pathway, which plays an indispensable role in plant resistance to adversity. In this study, six genes (Pn021, PnCHS088, Pn270, PnCHS444, PnCHS768 and Pn847) were identified in the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans Lindberg transcriptome by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Sequence alignment and three-dimensional structure analysis revealed the conserved amino acid residues of the enzymes of the chalcone synthase family, including three catalytic residues (Cys164, His303 and Asn336) and two substrate recognition residues (Phe215 and Phe265). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PnCHS088, PnCHS444 and PnCHS768 might be chalcone synthase but that Pn021 is more like stilbenecarboxylate synthase. These genes were located at the transition between fungi and advanced plants in the phylogenetic tree. In addition, real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression profiles of the six P. nutans genes were influenced by diverse abiotic stresses as well as by abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate. The results presented here contribute to the study of the CHS gene family in polar mosses and further reveal the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of mosses to extreme environments.
Health economics methods for public health resource allocation: a qualitative interview study of decision makers from an English local authority
Authors: Frew Emma , Breheny Katie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLocal authorities in England have responsibility for public health, however, in recent years, budgets have been drastically reduced placing decision makers under unprecedented financial pressure. Although health economics can offer support for decision making, there is limited evidence of it being used in practice. The aim of this study was to undertake in-depth qualitative research within one local authority to better understand the context for public health decision making; what, and how economics evidence is being used; and invite suggestions for how methods could be improved to better support local public health decision making. The study included both observational methods and in-depth interviews. Key meetings were observed and semi-structured interviews conducted with participants who had a decision-making role to explore views on economics, to understand the barriers to using evidence and to invite suggestions for improvements to methods. Despite all informants valuing the use of health economics, many barriers were cited: including a perception of a narrow focus on the health sector; lack of consideration of population impact; and problems with translating long timescales to short term impact. Methodological suggestions included the broadening of frameworks; increased use of natural experiments; and capturing wider non-health outcomes that resonate with the priorities of multiple stakeholders.
Oligocene‐Early Miocene Topographic Relief Generation of Southeastern Tibet Triggered by Thrusting
Authors: Cao Kai , Wang Guocan , Leloup Philippe Hervé , Mahéo Gweltaz , Xu Yadong , van der Beek Pieter A. , Replumaz Anne , Zhang Kexin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe timing and mechanisms of uplift in southeastern Tibet remain disputed. To address this debate, we conducted structural and morphological analyses of the Yulong thrust belt; we also reconstruct the cooling and exhumation history of the Jianchuan basin in the hanging wall of the thrust system using inverse thermal modeling of apatite fission‐track and (U‐Th)/He thermochronology data. Our results provide evidence for 2.3–3.2 km of rapid exhumation in the Jianchuan basin between ~28 and ~20 Ma, followed by limited exhumation of less than 0.2 km since then. The magnitude of basin exhumation is consistent with the present‐day topographic step of 1.8–2.4 km across the Yulong and Chenghai thrust belts, as shown by morphometric analysis. We thus infer that the present‐day morphology of the southeastern margin of Tibet results partly from thrusting along the Yulong thrust belt during the Late Oligocene‐Early Miocene. This structure may be the southwest continuation of the Longmen Shan thrust belt, offset by the Xianshuihe fault in the Late Miocene. On a regional scale, the approximate synchronicity of exhumation in the hanging walls of the Yalong‐Yulong and Longmen Shan thrust systems indicates that widespread crustal shortening and thickening took place in southeastern Tibet during the Late Oligocene‐Early Miocene.
Relative Roles of Preconditioning Moistening and Global Circumnavigating Mode on the MJO Convective Initiation During DYNAMO
Authors: Chen Xingchao , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe relative importance of preconditioning moistening and global circumnavigating mode in the convective initiation of the October 2011 Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) event observed during the Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign is investigated using a series of convection‐permitting regional model simulations. It is demonstrated that the MJO convective initiation is largely controlled by the global circumnavigating mode at the intraseasonal scales. Rapid moistening closely related to this eastward propagating mode a few days prior to the MJO active phase is crucial to the initiation of deep convection and enhanced rainfall. This moistening process nevertheless cannot be accurately described by the “discharge‐recharge” hypothesis, which speculates the importance a gradual moisture buildup over an approximately 2‐week period leading to the arrival of the active MJO phase.
Simulations of Secondary Farley‐Buneman Instability Driven by a Kilometer‐Scale Primary Wave: Anomalous Transport and Formation of Flat‐Topped Electric Fields
Authors: Young Matthew A. , Oppenheim Meers M. , Dimant Yakov S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSince the 1950s, high frequency and very high frequency radars near the magnetic equator have frequently detected strong echoes caused ultimately by the Farley‐Buneman instability (FBI) and the gradient drift instability (GDI). In the 1980s, coordinated rocket and radar campaigns made the astonishing observation of flat‐topped electric fields coincident with both meter‐scale irregularities and the passage of kilometer‐scale waves. The GDI in the daytime E region produces kilometer‐scale primary waves with polarization electric fields large enough to drive meter‐scale secondary FBI waves. The meter‐scale waves propagate nearly vertically along the large‐scale troughs and crests and act as VHF tracers for the large‐scale dynamics. This work presents a set of hybrid numerical simulations of secondary FBIs, driven by a primary kilometer‐scale GDI‐like wave. Meter‐scale density irregularities develop in the crest and trough of the kilometer‐scale wave, where the total electric field exceeds the FBI threshold, and propagate at an angle near the direction of total Hall drift determined by the combined electric fields. The meter‐scale irregularities transport plasma across the magnetic field, producing flat‐topped electric fields similar to those observed in rocket data and reducing the large‐scale wave electric field to just above the FBI threshold value. The self‐consistent reduction in driving electric field helps explain why echoes from the FBI propagate near the plasma acoustic speed.
Storm Time EMIC Waves Observed by Swarm and Van Allen Probe Satellites
Authors: Wang Hui , He Yangfan , Lühr Hermann , Kistler Lynn , Saikin Anthony , Lund Eric , Ma Shuying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe temporal and spatial evolution of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves during the magnetic storm of 21–29 June 2015 was investigated using high‐resolution magnetic field observations from Swarm constellation in the ionosphere and Van Allen Probes in the magnetosphere. Magnetospheric EMIC waves had a maximum occurrence frequency in the afternoon sector and shifted equatorward during the expansion phase and poleward during the recovery phase. However, ionospheric waves in subauroral regions occurred more frequently in the nighttime than during the day and exhibited less obvious latitudinal movements. During the main phase, dayside EMIC waves occurred in both the ionosphere and magnetosphere in response to the dramatic increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Waves were absent in the magnetosphere and ionosphere around the minimum SYM‐H. During the early recovery phase, He+ band EMIC waves were observed in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. During the late recovery phase, H+ band EMIC waves emerged in response to enhanced earthward convection during substorms in the premidnight sector. The occurrence of EMIC waves in the noon sector was affected by the intensity of substorm activity. Both ionospheric wave frequency and power were higher in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere. Waves were confined to an MLT interval of less than 5 hr with a duration of less than 186 min from coordinated observations. The results could provide additional insights into the spatial characteristics and propagation features of EMIC waves during storm periods.
Effects of Induced Stress on Seismic Waves: Validation Based on Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Tromp Jeroen , Marcondes Michel L. , Wentzcovitch Renata M. M. , Trampert Jeannot 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhen a continuum is subjected to an induced stress, the equations that govern seismic wave propagation are modified in two ways. First, the equation of conservation of linear momentum gains terms related to the induced deviatoric stress, and, second, the elastic constitutive relationship acquires terms linear in the induced stress. This continuum mechanics theory makes testable predictions with regard to stress‐induced changes in the elastic tensor. Specifically, it predicts that induced compression linearly affects the prestressed moduli with a slope determined by their local adiabatic pressure derivatives and that induced deviatoric stress produces anisotropic compressional and shear wave speeds. In this article we successfully compare such predictions against ab initio mineral physics calculations for NaCl and MgO.
Long‐Term Fog Variation and Its Impact Factors Over Polluted Regions of East China
Authors: Yan Shuqi , Zhu Bin , Kang Hanqing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDuring the past five decades, China has witnessed frequent fog and haze events. Previous studies have revealed that in polluted regions of East China, such as the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) region, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, fog frequencies are impacted not only by climate change but also by fast urbanization and increasing air pollution. In this study, we find that haze days increased markedly in the three regions. However, fog days showed an initially increasing and then decreasing trend, with the turning point in the 1980s; moreover, the turning point occurred 5–15 years earlier in large cities than in small cities. We further attribute the long‐term fog variations over East China to three factors: regional‐scale climate change, urbanization, and air pollution (aerosol pollution). We quantitatively show that urbanization and aerosol pollution contributed at least 1.6 times more than climate change, and their contributions varied with urban development stages. Fog was dominantly promoted by abundant aerosols (45–85%) during the slow urbanization stage, while it was dominantly inhibited by urban heat island and dry island (53–60%) effects during the rapid urbanization stage. In the 53‐year period, aerosol pollution promoted fog formation (20–40%).
Magnetic Anomalies Within the Crisium Basin: Magnetization Directions, Source Depths, and Ages
Authors: Baek Seul‐Min , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Garrick‐Bethell Ian , Jin Ho 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUsing Lunar Prospector magnetic field data, we identify four isolated anomalies (CNA, CSA1, CSA1, and CWA) within the Crisium basin. We assume the sources of the anomalies to be buried point dipoles and find that the estimated depths and radial positions are well contained within Crisium's melt pool (∼250‐km radii and ∼100‐km depth). This implies that the anomalies recorded a thermoremanent magnetization in a dynamo field at ∼3.9 Ga. We also find that the anomalies can be classified into two groups (Groups 1 and 2) according to source depths and paleopoles. The sources of Group 1 (CNA and CSA1) are buried at ∼30 km. Estimated paleopoles are located at ∼45°N for CNA and near the equator (∼12°N) CSA1, with remanence acquisition timescale of ∼5 Myr. The sources of Group 2 (CSA2 and CWA) are more deeply buried at ∼55–70 km. Their paleopole positions are close to the present south pole, with a remanence acquisition timescale of ∼15–23 Myr. These variable paleopoles imply that the local field orientation shifted during formation of the anomalies. That is, the Moon may have experienced a ∼14‐Myr‐epoch of complex field geometries. These changes may have arisen from true polar wander driven by impact or internal density changes, or from equatorial dynamo orientations produced by anomalous core heat flux conditions. The long cooling timescales of the anomalies also suggest that they were not magnetized by transient fields produced by impact‐induced stirring of the core.
Potential Vorticity of Saturn's Polar Regions: Seasonality and Instabilities
Authors: Antuñano Arrate , del Río‐Gaztelurrutia Teresa , Sánchez‐Lavega Agustín , Read Peter L. , Fletcher Leigh N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe analyze the potential vorticity of Saturn's polar regions, as it is a fundamental dynamical tracer that enables us to improve our understanding of the dynamics of these regions and their seasonal variability. In particular, we present zonally averaged quasi‐geostrophic potential vorticity maps between 68° planetographic latitude and the poles at altitudes between 500 and 1 mbar for three different epochs: (i) June 2013 (early northern summer) for the north polar region, (ii) December 2008 (late northern winter) for both polar regions, and (iii) October 2006 (southern summer) for the south, computed using temperature profiles retrieved from Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer data and wind profiles obtained from Cassini's Imaging Science Subsystem. The results show that quasi‐geostrophic potential vorticity maps are very similar at all the studied epochs, showing positive vorticities at the north and negative at the south, indicative of the dominance of the Coriolis parameter 2Ωsinϕ at all latitudes, except near the pole. The meridional gradients of the quasi‐geostrophic potential vorticity show that dynamical instabilities, mainly due to the barotropic term, could develop at the flanks of the Hexagon at 78°N, the jet at 73.9°S, and on the equatorward flank of both polar jets. There are no differences in potential vorticity gradients between the two hemispheres that could explain why a hexagon forms in the north and not in the south. No seasonal variability of the potential vorticity and its meridional gradient has been found, despite significant changes in the atmospheric temperatures over time.