bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternativpsychose und forcierte Normalisierung durch Antiepileptika unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der neuen Antiepileptika
Authors: Fröscher Walter , Steinert Tilman 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungBei der Alternativpsychose und der forcierten Normalisierung alternieren Perioden von epileptischen Anfällen bei normalem Verhalten mit Perioden von Anfallsfreiheit (oder wesentlicher Anfallsreduktion) mit gleichzeitigem Bestehen einer Psychose oder anderen psychischen Störungen. Anders als die klinisch definierte Alternativpsychose geht die forcierte Normalisierung vom EEG-Befund aus. In der klinischen Praxis und in der Literatur werden die beiden Begriffe meist synonym gebraucht und beschreiben auch die gleichen Krankheitsbilder. Dies erlaubte eine zusammenfassende Auswertung der Publikationen über Alternativpsychose und forcierte Normalisierung. Meist ist eine Alternativpsychose oder eine forcierte Normalisierung Folge der Anfallsunterdrückung durch Antiepileptika. In der Zeit der älteren Antiepileptika wurde eine Alternativpsychose bzw. eine forcierte Normalisierung vor allem bei der Behandlung von Absencen mit Succinimiden beobachtet. In der Ära der neuen Antiepileptika, die mit der Einführung von Vigabatrin begann, waren vor allem Patienten mit relativ pharmakoresistenten fokalen Epilepsien betroffen. 1987 - vor 31 Jahren - wurde erstmals über eine paranoid-halluzinatorische Psychose bei Epilepsie durch die Behandlung mit Vigabatrin berichtet. Sukzessive folgten bis heute bei den meisten neuen Antiepileptika Berichte über eine Alternativpsychose bzw. eine forcierte Normalisierung. Eine umfassende Literatursuche ergab in diesem Zeitraum 66 Fälle mit detaillierten Angaben. Frauen waren mehr als doppelt so häufig betroffen wie Männer; der Grund ist nicht klar. In 4 retrospektiven Studien wurden weitere 176 alternative Ereignisse in pauschalerer Form mitgeteilt. Bei den wichtigeren neuen Antiepileptika scheint das Risiko einer Alternativpsychose oder einer forcierten Normalisierung bei Oxcarbazepin, Eslicarbazepin, Gabapentin und Pregabalin besonders gering zu sein.
Wissen und Einstellungen über die saisonale Influenza-Impfung von Hebammenschülerinnen in Nordrhein-Westfalen: Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Westhofen Johannes , Puth Marie-Therese , Steudel Henrike , Münster Eva , Weckbecker Klaus 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Erstmalig für Deutschland wurden Einstellungen und Wissensstand von Hebammenschülerinnen bezüglich Impfungen im Allgemeinen, sowie der Influenza-Impfung im Speziellen erfasst.
Methodik Im Rahmen einer Querschnittsstudie wurde zwischen Mai und Juli 2017 eine standardisierte schriftliche Befragung aller Hebammenschülerinnen in Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden sowohl durch Häufigkeitsanalysen, als auch mittels multipler, logistischer Regression ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Alle 10 Hebammenschulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen nahmen an der Befragung teil und Fragebögen von 315 Hebammenschülerinnen (Teilnahmerate: 95,7%) konnten ausgewertet werden. Die Effektivität der Impfung gegen saisonale Influenza schätzten 77,8% der Befragten falsch ein, mögliche Nebenwirkungen wurden nur von 35,2% der Befragten korrekt eingeschätzt. Von der Sicherheit einer Impfung während der Schwangerschaft waren 56,2% der Befragten nicht überzeugt. Faktoren, die ein erhöhtes Risiko eines nicht ausreichenden Wissensstands bezüglich Influenza-Impfung bieten, sind ein Lebensalter zwischen 22 und 25 Jahren (adjustiertes Odds ratio (aOR) 1,99 95%-Konfidenzintervall (KI) 1,12–3,52) im Vergleich zu Jüngeren (18–21 Jahre), eine fehlerhafte Einschätzung des Übertragungsrisikos (aOR 3,68 95%-KI 1,85–7,29) sowie ein nicht ausreichendes Wissen über die Influenza-Erkrankung (aOR 1,78 95%-KI 1,04–3,06). Im Gegensatz hierzu zeigten 76,8% der Befragten eine positive Einstellung gegenüber Impfungen im Allgemeinen, 73,3% der Befragten beklagten eine zu geringe Information der Öffentlichkeit über Impfkomplikationen.
Schlussfolgerung Das unzureichende Wissen der Hebammenschülerinnen bezüglich der saisonalen Influenza-Impfung steht einer Erhöhung des Impfschutzes von Hebammen, Schwangeren und somit auch dem Schutz von Neugeborenen entgegen. Aufklärungskampagnen in den Ausbildungsgängen, sowie eine Analyse und Anpassung der Unterrichtsinhalte mit wissenschaftlich validierten Erkenntnissen, erscheinen notwendig. Ferner sollten die Ergebnisse Anlass vorrangig für Betriebsmediziner, Hausärzte und Gynäkologen sein, um Personal in der Hebammenausbildung bzw. -beruf intensiver bezüglich saisonaler Influenza-Impfung zu beraten.
The Learning Curve and Pitfalls of Arthroscopic Four-Corner Arthrodesis
Authors: Vihanto Aleksi , Kotkansalo Tero , Pääkkönen Markus 
Published: February 2019

Background Midcarpal “four-corner” wrist arthrodesis may be done from an open arthrotomy or arthroscopically.
Purpose This study aimed to examine the results of the recently described arthroscopic four-corner arthrodesis and whether the procedure seems to have any merit compared with the open technique.
Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified eight patients with nine cases of arthroscopic four-corner arthrodesis performed at our institution, 2014 to 2017. The underlying pathologies were scapholunate advanced collapse (n = 6), Preiser's disease (n = 1), radioscaphoid (n = 1), or capitolunar (n = 1) osteoarthritis. Osteosynthesis was done with cannulated compression screws.
Results Operating time for the first surgery was 198 minutes while the final one lasted 132 minutes. All patients achieved fusion. Three patients required a reoperation; one for screw malposition with screw removal, one for tendon reconstruction and screw removal due to a tendon injury induced by a retracted screw, and one for scaphoid impingement with removal of the scaphoid remnants. One patient experienced a probable superficial radial nerve injury. The follow-up time was 5 to 16 months.
Conclusion The arthroscopic approach is technically extremely demanding and has a learning curve. Thorough resection of the scaphoid is recommended to avoid potential impingement.
Level of Evidence This is a level IV, retrospective case series.
Constipation as a Rare Cause of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Dysfunction: A Case Report
Authors: Mete Mesut , Selçuki Mehmet 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVentriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Constipation can play an important role in shunt failure either by mechanically blocking drainage from the peritoneal end of the VPS catheter or by increasing intra-abdominal pressure. The present report describes a 2-year-old boy with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus who presented with signs of shunt dysfunction. Medical history with detailed physical examination determined the constipation. Before shunt revision, a pediatric fleet enema was administered to possibly relieve the constipation and he had good evacuation of the bowel contents. Following the enema, his continuous crying resolved and ultimately disappeared within a few hours. Brain computed tomography scans performed 4 days later showed a reduction in ventricular size.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor influences primary cilium length through an interaction with intestinal cell kinase
Authors: Kunova Bosakova Michaela , Nita Alexandru , Gregor Tomas , Varecha Miroslav , Gudernova Iva , Fafilek Bohumil , Barta Tomas , Basheer Neha , Abraham Sara P. , Balek Lukas , Tomanova Marketa , Fialova Kucerova Jana , Bosak Juraj , Potesil David , Zieba Jennifer , Song Jieun , Konik Peter , Park Sohyun , Duran Ivan , Zdrahal Zbynek , Smajs David , Jansen Gert , Fu Zheng , Ko Hyuk Wan , Hampl Ales , Trantirek Lukas , Krakow Deborah , Krejci Pavel 
Published: February 2019

Significance
A properly functioning primary cilium is prerequisite for both normal development and aging of all ciliated organisms, including humans. In vertebrates, the signaling of Hedgehog family morphogens depends entirely on primary cilium. Recently, we reported that fibroblast growth factors (FGF) signaling interacts with that of Hedgehog, and that this is a consequence of FGF regulating length of the cilium and speed of processes that happen therein. In this report, we provide a molecular mechanism of such interaction, identifying intestinal cell kinase as a mediator of the FGF-induced changes in the ciliary morphology and function. This expands our understanding how FGF signaling regulates intracellular processes, and how aberrant FGF signaling contributes to diseases, such as achondroplasia and cancer.
26S Proteasomes are rapidly activated by diverse hormones and physiological states that raise cAMP and cause Rpn6 phosphorylation
Authors: VerPlank Jordan J. S. , Lokireddy Sudarsanareddy , Zhao Jinghui , Goldberg Alfred L. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Most studies of proteolysis by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway have focused on the regulation by ubiquitination. However, we showed that pharmacological agents that raise cAMP and activate protein kinase A by phosphorylating a proteasome subunit enhance proteasome activity and the cell’s capacity to selectively degrade misfolded and regulatory proteins. We investigated whether similar adaptations occur in physiological conditions where cAMP rises. Proteasome activity increases by this mechanism in human muscles following intense exercise, in mouse muscles and liver after a brief fast, in hepatocytes after epinephrine or glucagon, and renal collecting duct cells within 5 minutes of antidiuretic hormone. Thus, hormones and conditions that raise cAMP rapidly enhance proteasome activity and the cells’ capacity to eliminate damaged and preexistent regulatory proteins.
Form and function of F-actin during biomineralization revealed from live experiments on foraminifera
Authors: Tyszka Jarosław , Bickmeyer Ulf , Raitzsch Markus , Bijma Jelle , Kaczmarek Karina , Mewes Antje , Topa Paweł , Janse Max 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceUnicellular organisms form endless variability of complex skeletons that serve as archives of Earth’s history and play a crucial role in global geochemical cycles. A longstanding question is how single cells control morphogenesis and mineralization of skeletal structures. Although already addressed by Sir D’Arcy W. Thompson, this problem is still unsolved. Shell emerges from a controlled cascade of interactions at different levels of cellular organization. To gain insight into its morphogenesis, we apply live fluorescent imaging to observe cytoskeleton structures during shell formation in foraminifera. Our live experiments on calcifying foraminiferal chambers show that dynamic F-actin structures are involved in shaping and controlling mineralization.
Role of the striatum in incidental learning of sound categories
Authors: Lim Sung-Joo , Fiez Julie A. , Holt Lori L. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Humans are born as “universal listeners.” However, over the first year, infants’ perception is shaped by native speech categories. How do these categories naturally emerge without explicit training or overt feedback? Using fMRI, we examined the neural basis of incidental sound category learning as participants played a videogame in which sound category exemplars had functional utility in guiding videogame success. Even without explicit categorization of the sounds, participants learned functionally relevant sound categories that generalized to novel exemplars when exemplars had an organized distributional structure. Critically, the striatum was engaged and functionally connected to the auditory cortex during game play, and this activity and connectivity predicted the learning outcome. These findings elucidate the neural mechanism by which humans incidentally learn “real-world” categories.
Differential cortical microstructural maturation in the preterm human brain with diffusion kurtosis and tensor imaging
Authors: Ouyang Minhui , Jeon Tina , Sotiras Aristeidis , Peng Qinmu , Mishra Virendra , Halovanic Cathy , Chen Min , Chalak Lina , Rollins Nancy , Roberts Timothy P. L. , Davatzikos Christos , Huang Hao 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Delineating cortical microstructure differentiation is important for understanding complicated yet precisely organized patterns in early developing brain. Knowledge of cortical differentiation predominantly from histological studies is limited in localized and discrete cortical regions. We quantified the preterm brain cerebral cortical profile with microstructural complexity [indexed by mean kurtosis (MK)] and microstructural organization [indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA)] from advanced diffusion MRI. Cortical MK and FA maps revealed a heterogeneous maturation signature. Spatiotemporally distinctive disruption of radial glia and decrease of neuronal density among cortical regions were inferred by FA and MK decreases, respectively. These findings suggest that diffusion kurtosis metrics are significant imaging markers for microstructural differentiation of the developmental brain in health and disease.
Processing generates 3′ ends of RNA masking transcription termination events in prokaryotes
Authors: Wang Xun , N Monford Paul Abishek , Jeon Heung Jin , Lee Yonho , He Jin , Adhya Sankar , Lim Heon M. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Transcription termination by RNA polymerase in prokaryotes is well understood in contrast to similar mechanisms in higher organisms. Despite the in vitro occurrence of two types of demonstrable transcription termination events in prokaryotes at the end of transcription units, they are obscured in vivo in two ways: suppression of termination by traversing of the RNA polymerase through the termination sites when coupled to translation, or by further processing of the actual terminated RNA 3′ ends by RNases, as in eukaryotes.
Multimodal gradients across mouse cortex
Authors: Fulcher Ben D. , Murray John D. , Zerbi Valerio , Wang Xiao-Jing 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceThe brain is organized into processing streams, along which incoming sensory information is processed at increasingly abstract and integrative levels. This specialization of function is thought to be underpinned by corresponding changes in the brain’s local circuitry. Here we combine a wide range of measurements across the mouse brain, including the expression of genes, cell densities, and axonal connectivity, to show that the properties of local circuits of the mouse brain vary along putative processing streams in a similar way to the primate brain. This similarity across species points to common mechanisms through which mammalian brains may process information.
Dual AAV-mediated gene therapy restores hearing in a DFNB9 mouse model
Authors: Akil Omar , Dyka Frank , Calvet Charlotte , Emptoz Alice , Lahlou Ghizlene , Nouaille Sylvie , Boutet de Monvel Jacques , Hardelin Jean-Pierre , Hauswirth William W. , Avan Paul , Petit Christine , Safieddine Saaid , Lustig Lawrence R. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
In humans, inner ear development is completed in utero, with hearing onset at ∼20 weeks of gestation. However, genetic forms of congenital deafness are typically diagnosed during the neonatal period. Gene therapy approaches in animal models should therefore be tested after the period of hearing onset, to determine whether they can reverse an existing deafness phenotype. Here, we used a mouse model of DFNB9, a human deafness form accounting for 2–8% of all cases of congenital genetic deafness. We show that local gene therapy in the mutant mice not only prevents deafness when administered to immature hearing organs, but also durably restores hearing when administered at a mature stage, raising hopes for future gene therapy trials in DFNB9 patients.
Linking plasma formation in grapes to microwave resonances of aqueous dimers
Authors: Khattak Hamza K. , Bianucci Pablo , Slepkov Aaron D. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
In a popular parlor trick, plasma is created by irradiating grape hemispheres in a household microwave oven. This work ties the source of the plasma to microwave photonic hotspots at the junction of aqueous dielectric spherical dimers. We use a combination of thermal-imaging techniques and computer simulations to show that grape-sized fruit and hydrogel beads form resonant cavities that concentrate electromagnetic fields to extreme subwavelength regions. This is enabled by the large dielectric susceptibility of water at microwave frequencies. Furthermore, the absorptive properties of water are key to washing out complex internal modes and for allowing the evanescent hotspot build-up. Our approach to microwave resonances in high-dielectric materials opens a sandbox for nanocluster photonics research.
A novel method of producing the key intermediate ASI-2 of ranirestat using a porcine liver esterase (PLE) substitute enzyme
Authors: Yamamura Ei-Tora , Tsuzaki Kazuya , Kita Shinji 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
(R)-2-amino-2-ethoxycarbonylsuccinimide (ASI-2) is a key intermediate used in the pharmaceutical industry and is valuable for the industrial synthesis of ranirestat, which is a potent aldose reductase inhibitor. ASI-2 was synthesized in a process combining chemical synthesis and bioconversion. Bioconversion in this study is a key reaction, since optically active carboxylic acid derivative ((R)-1-ethyl hydrogen 3-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-ethoxycarbonylsuccinate, Z-MME-AE) is synthesized from a prochiral ester, diethyl 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-ethoxycarbonylsuccinate, Z-MDE-AE, at a theoretical yield of 100%. Upon screening for microorganisms that asymmetrically hydrolyze Z-MDE-AE, Bacillus thuringiensis NBRC13866 was found. A novel esterase EstBT that produces Z-MME-AE was purified from Bacillus thuringiensis NBRC13866 and was stably produced in Escherichia coli JM109 cells. Using EstBT rather than porcine liver esterase (PLE), ASI-2 was synthesized with a 17% higher total yield by a novel method, suggesting that the esterase EstBT is a PLE substitute enzyme and therefore, may be of interest for future industrial applications.
Prognostic Value of the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline in Hypertensive Patients Without Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Coll-de-Tuero Gabriel , Comas-Cufí Marc , Rodríguez-Poncelas Antonio , Barrot-de-la Puente Joan , Blanch Jordi , Figa-Vaello Josep , Barceló Maria A , Saez Marc 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Our objective of this study was to determine if rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and its intensity was associated with cardiovascular risk and death in patients with hypertension whose baseline eGFR was higher than 60 ml/minute/1.73 m2.

METHODS
This study comprised 2,516 patients with hypertension who had had at least 2 serum creatinine measurements over a 4-year period. An eGFR reduction of ≥10% per year has been deemed as high eGFR and a reduction in eGFR of less than 10% per year as a low decline. The end points were coronary artery disease, stroke, transitory ischemic accident, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and death from any cause. Cox regression analyses adjusted for potentially confounding factors were conducted.

RESULTS
A total of 2,354 patients with low rate of eGFR decline and 149 with high rate of eGFR decline were analyzed. The adjusted model shows that a −10% rate of eGFR decline per year is associated with a higher risk of the primary end point (HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1–3.5; P = 0.02) and arteriosclerotic vascular disease (HR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2–4.2; P &lt; 0.001) in all hypertensive groups. The variables associated to high/low rate of eGFR decline in the logistic regression model were serum creatinine (OR 3.35; P &lt; 0.001), gender, women (OR 15.3; P &lt; 0.001), tobacco user (OR 1.9; P &lt; 0.002), and pulse pressure (OR 0.99; P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
A rate of eGFR decline equal to or higher than −10% per year is a marker of cardiovascular risk for patients with arterial hypertension without chronic kidney disease at baseline. It may be useful to consider intensifying the global risk approach for these patients.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Control in the United States: An Assessment of Proposed UNAIDS Metrics, 2010–2015
Authors: Bosh Karin A , Brooks John T , Hall H Irene 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Epidemic control is necessary to eliminate human immunodeficiency virus infections. We assessed epidemic control in the United States by applying 4 proposed UNAIDS metrics to national surveillance data collected between 2010 and 2015. Although epidemic control in the United States is possible, progress by UNAIDS metrics has been mixed.
Effects of renal denervation on kidney function and long-term outcomes: 3-year follow-up from the Global SYMPLICITY Registry
Authors: Mahfoud Felix , Böhm Michael , Schmieder Roland , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Ewen Sebastian , Ruilope Luis , Schlaich Markus , Williams Bryan , Fahy Martin , Mancia Giuseppe 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Aims
Several studies and registries have demonstrated sustained reductions in blood pressure (BP) after renal denervation (RDN). The long-term safety and efficacy after RDN in real-world patients with uncontrolled hypertension, however, remains unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of RDN, including its effects on renal function.

Methods and results
The Global SYMPLICITY Registry is a prospective, open-label registry conducted at 196 active sites worldwide in hypertensive patients receiving RDN treatment. Among 2237 patients enrolled and treated with the SYMPLICITY Flex catheter, 1742 were eligible for follow-up at 3 years. Baseline office and 24-h ambulatory systolic BP (SBP) were 166 ± 25 and 154 ± 18 mmHg, respectively. SBP reduction after RDN was sustained over 3 years, including decreases in both office (−16.5 ± 28.6 mmHg, P &lt; 0.001) and 24-h ambulatory SBP (−8.0 ± 20.0 mmHg; P &lt; 0.001). Twenty-one percent of patients had a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Between baseline and 3 years, renal function declined by 7.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 in patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2; baseline eGFR 87 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2) and by 3.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 in patients with CKD (eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2; baseline eGFR 47 ± 11 mL/min/1.73 m2). No long-term safety concerns were observed following the RDN procedure.

Conclusion
Long-term data from the Global SYMPLICITY Registry representing the largest available cohort of hypertensive patients receiving RDN in a real-world clinical setting demonstrate both the safety and efficacy of the procedure with significant and sustained office and ambulatory BP reductions out to 3 years.