bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tephrosia Vogelii oil use in biodiesel production and its conservation with Syzygium jambolanum DC (jambul) extract
Authors: Santos Alexandre Coccia , Borsato Dionisio , Galão Olivio Fernandes 
Published: May 2018

Tephrosia (Tephrosia Vogelii) é uma leguminosa que tem cerca de 8% de óleo e rotenoides, que tem sido estudado por vários autores. Este óleo foi extraído das sementes e utilizado para transesterificação formando, glicerina e biodiesel como principais produtos, que são uma mistura de ésteres alquílicos de cadeia linear. Na transesterificação, foi utilizado um excesso de álcool em proporções molares de 6: 1 para o metanol e de 9: 1 a 12: 1 para o etanol e subsequente remoção da glicerina. O jamelão (Syzygium jambolanum), é um fruto da família myrtaceae, amplamente utilizado como ornamental e seus frutos são comestíveis, eles foram empregados na forma de extrato como antioxidante. O biodiesel obtido foi submetido ao teste Rancimat, método padrão aprovado pela norma europeia EN 14214 e pela norma brasileira RANP 07/08, com o objetivo de analisar a estabilidade oxidativa do biodiesel, onde o valor mínimo permitido de indução é de 6 horas. A composição de ácidos graxos foi feita por cromatografia gasosa, gentilmente efetuada pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM). O extrato de jamelão mostrou atividade antioxidante por eliminação de radicais livres do DPPH e o valor de 44,15%, em relação ao Trolox. A concentração fenólicos totais em soluções diluídas até dez vezes, foi de 4,45 mg ml-1. O teste Rancimat mostrou um período de indução de 3,59 horas sem a presença de antioxidante, indicando que a presença desse antioxidante era necessária. Quando o teste de Rancimat foi realizado na presença de extrato de jamelão, observou-se um tempo de indução de 8,2 horas, sugerindo a eficiência do antioxidante aplicado e mostrando grande similaridade com os valores obtidos de um biodiesel sintetizado a partir de óleo de soja. Biodiesel de óleo de soja sem hidroxitolueno butilado (BHT) mostrou um tempo de indução de 4,2 horas, enquanto que na presença de extrato de jamelão o tempo de indução obtido foi de 7,1 horas. Novas alternativas ao óleo de soja para a produção de biodiesel são cada vez mais exigidas, e o óleo de sementes de Tephrosia (Tephrosia vogelii) pode ser usado para este fim. O antioxidante provou ser de grande viabilidade e aplicabilidade para conservação, e não requer grandes quantidades para obter um resultado satisfatório e consistente conforme requerido pela legislação, uma vez que sua obtenção é derivada de fontes naturais.
Families, Intellectuals, and Enemies in the “Red Classic” Remake New Tunnel Warfare
Authors: Vanderstaay Lara 
Published: May 2018

This chapter investigates how the animated film New Tunnel Warfare (Xin didao zhan, 2009), a remake of the red classic Tunnel Warfare (Didao zhan, 1965), reshapes the socio-political ideologies present in the original film for a twenty-first century child audience. The chapter particularly focuses, firstly, on how New Tunnel Warfare re-inserts the biological family into Communist discourse, in contrast to the original film where the biological family was less important than the Communist ‘family’ of people unrelated by blood. Secondly, the chapter analyses the overt representation of violence in New Tunnel Warfare and the responses of its characters to violent acts. Finally, the chapter examines the film’s revival of the intellectual as a positive figure in Communist mythology. The chapter argues that these changes have been made in New Tunnel Warfare to reflect the major socio-political changes in Chinese society between the 1960s and the early twenty-first century
Monumental-Filme
Authors: Rode Alan K. 
Published: May 2018

Count Kolowrat was inspired to produce Sodom undGomorrha after viewing D. W. Griffith’s Intolerance.Doraine was cast as the lead, but after a series of arguments, she left Kertész and the picture before production wrapped. The extras numbered 80,000, and huge, ornate sets were built for the most expensive film of the period. Filming went on for two years,as the mammoth temple sets were destroyed and had to be rebuilt.A detailed account of the film’s production is bolstered by the recollections of the actor Walter Slezak, who made his screen debut after being discovered by Kertész in a Viennese café. Although severely cut before general release, the film was profitable and boosted Kertész’s reputation. He endured a messy divorce from Doraine and would sire two more children with two different women. He went on to make The Young Medardus, a Napoleonic love story based on a play by Arthur Schnitzler. It was another acclaimed spectacle, but post–WWI hyperinflation afflicted the Austrian economy, casting doubt on Kertész’s future as a European filmmaker.
Úloha chyb, korektivní zpětné vazby a normy v cizojazyčné výuce s důrazem na výuku angličtiny
Authors: Kalová Simona 
Published: May 2018

Tato teoretická studie se zaměřuje na problematiku chyb a na úlohu, kterou hrají v cizojazyčné výuce, zejména ve výuce angličtiny. Jejím cílem je porovnat poznatky o chybách a korektivní zpětné vazbě z české i zahraniční odborné literatury a vyvodit z nich obecné principy, které by našly své uplatnění ve výuce. Podrobněji je pojednáno o otázkách jazykové normy, s důrazem na specifickou situaci normy v současném anglickém jazyce a její dopady na výuku angličtiny jako druhého a cizího jazyka. Tato problematika, v níž nepanuje v odborných kruzích shoda, představuje jedno z významných aktuálních témat ve výuce angličtiny, ale povědomí o ní v českém kontextu dosud není dostatečné. Po teoretickém vymezení klíčových pojmů chyba a norma v první kapitole následuje ve druhé kapitole přehled vývoje přístupu k chybám v diachronní perspektivě. Závěrečná část shrnuje poznatky nejnovějšího výzkumu o úloze chyb ve výuce angličtiny a naznačuje stěžejní principy přístupu k chybám a poskytování zpětné vazby, které je ve výuce třeba respektovat tak, aby zpětná vazba byla pro učení přínosem, a ne překážkou. Důraz je potřeba klást zejména na volbu vhodných strategií poskytování korektivní zpětné vazby v závislosti na konkrétním kontextu výuky.
Participatory Contact Zones and Conflict Transformation: The Participatory Intensities of the Cyprus Friendship Program
Authors: Yüksek Derya , Carpentier Nico 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
DESPITE THE CELEBRATORY APPROACH TOWARDS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN PEACE-BUILDING, LESS ATTENTION HAS BEEN PLACED ON THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS ITSELF, LEAVING AMBIGUOUS HOW, AND TO WHAT DEGREE, POWER IS ACTUALLY REDISTRIBUTED IN THESE PROCESSES. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO ADDRESS THIS GAP BY FURTHER DEVELOPING TORRE’S CONCEPT OF THE PARTICIPATORY CONTACT ZONE. THIS NOTION FIRST STRUCTURES A MAPPING OF CYPRIOT BI-COMMUNAL EDUCATION-RELATED PROJECTS (2010-2015) AND THEN SUPPORTS AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF ONE PROJECT, THE CYPRUS FRIENDSHIP PROGRAM (CFP). THIS CASE STUDY USES CARPENTIER’S FOUR-LEVEL, TWELVE-STEP MODEL FOR PARTICIPATORY ANALYSIS TO SCRUTINIZE THE PARTICIPATORY INTENSITY OF THE CFP’S ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES, FOCUSING ON THE POWER POSITION OF THE INVOLVED YOUNGSTERS. IT SHOWS THAT TEENAGERS PARTICIPATE IN THE CFP AT VARYING DEGREES: WHILE THEIR POWER POSITION ON A MORE STRUCTURAL LEVEL IS LIMITED, THERE ARE THREE AREAS WHERE THESE YOUNGSTERS BECOME MORE EMPOWERED: CO-ORGANIZATION (AT LOWER LEVELS), THE TEAMWORK DURING ACTIVITIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW INITIATIVES.
Touchy Art: A Phenomenological Approach to Artistic Practice in Stigmatised Neighbourhoods
Authors: Taylor Gretel , Warr Deborah 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
THIS PAPER OUTLINES AN ARTISTIC METHOD COMBINING A SOCIALLY ENGAGED AND SITE-RESPONSIVE ARTS PRACTICE WITH SOCIOLOGICAL DISCURSIVE REFLECTION THAT AIMED TO CHALLENGE THE STIGMATISING STEREOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH MANY LOW-INCOME NEIGHBOURHOODS IN AUSTRALIA. WE CHARACTERISE OUR APPROACH AS ‘TOUCHY’ TO DRAW ATTENTION TO ISSUES THAT INFORMED OUR APPROACH: THE SENSITIVITY OF THE TOPIC OF STIGMA FOR RESIDENTS; THE NEED FOR A PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD THAT SENSITISED PARTICIPANTS TO SEE/PERCEIVE BEYOND STEREOTYPES; AND AIMS OF CREATING EXPERIENTIAL AND TACTILE ARTWORKS THAT COULD ENGAGE LOCAL AND WIDER AUDIENCES IN THE ISSUES. THE PAPER DISCUSSES OUR RATIONALE FOR THE METHOD AND EXPLICATES COMPONENTS OF THE APPROACH – EXCURSIONS, WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES AND EXHIBITIONS – AND DRAWS ON ARTEFACTS, ARTWORKS AND INTERVIEW MATERIAL TO VISUALISE AND GIVE VOICE TO PARTICIPANTS’ EXPERIENCES OF THE PROJECT. ARTISTIC AND SOCIAL OUTCOMES WERE SUGGESTIVE OF THE POTENTIAL OF THIS APPROACH TO DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE, EXPERIENTIAL PORTRAYALS THAT MIGHT CHALLENGE THE PERSISTENTLY NEGATIVE STEREOTYPING OF LOW-INCOME NEIGHBOURHOODS.
A New Approach to Design Artificial 3D Microniches with Combined Chemical, Topographical, and Rheological Cues
Authors: Stoecklin Celine , Yue Zhang , Chen Wilhelm W. , de Mets Richard , Fong Eileen , Studer Vincent , Viasnoff Virgile 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe in vitro methods to recapitulate environmental cues around cells are usually optimized to test a specific property of the environment (biochemical nature or the stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM), or nanotopography) for its capability to induce defined cell behaviors (lineage commitment, migration). Approaches that combine different environmental cues in 3D to assess the biological response of cells to the spatial organization of different biophysical and biochemical cues are growingly being developed. It is demonstrated how the lamination of through‐hole polymeric biofunctionalized membranes can be implemented to create complex bona fide microniches with differential 3D environmental properties using photoactive materials. The approach enables to create microniches ranging in size from single cells to cell aggregates. They are biofunctionalized in 3D simultaneously with topographical featured, protein patterns and structured ECM surrogate with 1 µm resolution. It is demonstrated how these niches extend in 3D the ability to pattern cells. It is exemplified how they can be used to standardize cells' shapes in 3D and to trigger the apicobasal polarization of single epithelial cells.
Morphokinematics of the Hygroactuation of Feather Grass Awns
Authors: Yanez Alvaro , Desta Israel , Commins Patrick , Magzoub Mazin , Naumov Panče 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCertain awns utilize actuating mechanisms that harness energy from variations in aerial humidity to self‐burrow their seeds into the soil. Here the morphokinematics of such hygroresponse from the awn of the feather grass Stipa epilosa is described. The elongated body of the awn is typically doubly bent, and has three segments with different functionalities: the long and stiff proximal segment twists reversibly to generate thrust for burrowing the seed, the plumose and flexible distal segment contributes to aerial dispersion, and the short and stiff middle segment provides a bent geometry for effective burial. Periodic variation in humidity results in expansion and twisting of individual cells, and the collective expansion generates a torque that drives reversible twisting of the proximal and middle segments.
A Rapid and Robust Diagnostic for Liver Fibrosis Using a Multichannel Polymer Sensor Array
Authors: Peveler William J. , Landis Ryan F. , Yazdani Mahdieh , Day James W. , Modi Raakesh , Carmalt Claire J. , Rosenberg William M. , Rotello Vincent M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLiver disease is the fifth most common cause of premature death in the Western world, with the irreversible damage caused by fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis, a primary driver of mortality. Early detection of fibrosis would facilitate treatment of the underlying liver disease to limit progression. Unfortunately, most cases of liver disease are diagnosed late, with current strategies reliant on invasive biopsy or fragile lab‐based antibody technologies. A robust, fully synthetic fluorescent‐polymer sensor array is reported, which, rapidly (in 45 minutes), detects liver fibrosis from low‐volume serum samples with clinically relevant specificity and accuracy, using an easily readable diagnostic output. The simplicity, rapidity, and robustness of this method make it a promising platform for point‐of‐care diagnostics for detecting and monitoring liver disease.
Screening Small Metabolites from Cells as Multifunctional Coatings Simultaneously Improves Nanomaterial Biocompatibility and Functionality
Authors: Sun Anqi , Ban Zhan , Mu Li , Hu Xiangang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCurrently, nanomaterials face a dilemma due to their advantageous properties and potential risks to human health. Here, a strategy to improve both nanomaterial biocompatibility and functionality is established by screening small metabolites from cells as nanomaterial coatings. A metabolomics analysis of cells exposed to nanosilver (nAg) integrates volcano plots (t‐tests and fold change analysis), partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), and significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) and identifies six metabolites (l‐aspartic acid, l‐malic acid, myoinositol, d‐sorbitol, citric acid, and l‐cysteine). The further analysis of cell viability, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis reveals that d‐sorbitol markedly reduces nAg cytotoxicity. Subsequently, small molecule loading, surface oxidation, and ionic release experiments support d‐sorbitol as the optimal coating for nAg. Importantly, d‐sorbitol loading improves the duration of the antibacterial activity of nAg against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The biocidal persistence of nAg‐sorbitol is extended beyond 9 h, and the biocidal effects at 12 h are significantly higher than those of naked nAg. This work proposes a new strategy to improve the biocompatibility and functionality of nAg simultaneously by screening small metabolites from cells as nanomaterial functional coatings, a method that can be applied to mitigate the side effects of other nanomaterials.
Emergency Medicine Resident Shift Work Preferences: A Comparison of Resident Scheduling Preferences and Recommended Schedule Design for Shift Workers
Authors: Rischall Megan L. , Chung Arlene S. , Tabatabai Ramin , Doty Christopher , Hart Danielle 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundShift work can negatively impact an individual's health, wellness, and quality of work. Optimal schedule design can mitigate some of these effects. The American College of Emergency Physicians has published schedule design guidelines to increase wellness and longevity in the field, but these guidelines are difficult to apply to emergency medicine (EM) residents given their high shift burdens and other scheduling constraints. Little is known is known about EM resident scheduling preferences or ideal schedule design in the context of residency training.ObjectivesThe objectives were to determine whether EM resident schedule design preferences are consistent with current scheduling guidelines for shift workers and to gather information on scheduling practices that are important to residents.MethodsWe surveyed residents at four allopathic EM residency programs and assessed residents’ preferences on various schedule design features including shift length, circadian scheduling, night shift scheduling, and impact of schedule design on personal wellness.ResultsOf the 144 residents surveyed, 98% of residents felt that their shift schedule was a key factor in their overall wellness. Residents agreed with shift work guidelines regarding the importance of circadian scheduling (65% favorable), although rated the ability to request a day off and have a full weekend off as more important (84 and 78% favorable responses, respectively). Recommended guidelines promote shorter shifts, but only 24% of residents preferred 8‐hour shifts compared to 57, 71, and 43% of residents preferring 9‐, 10‐, and 12‐hour shifts, respectively. Sixty‐seven percent of residents preferred their nights to be scheduled in one sequence per 4‐week period, a night scheduling strategy most at odds with recommended guidelines.ConclusionsEmergency medicine resident scheduling preferences are not universally consistent with shift work guidelines, likely due to the distinct circumstances of residency training. Residents identify schedule design as a significant factor in their overall wellness.
Efficient Synthesis and Properties of [1]Benzothieno[3,2‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]furans and [1]Benzothieno[3,2‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophenes
Authors: Kurimoto Yuji , Mitsudo Koichi , Mandai Hiroki , Wakamiya Atsushi , Murata Yasujiro , Mori Hiroki , Nishihara Yasushi , Suga Seiji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEfficient syntheses of benzodithienofuran (BDTF; [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]furan) and benzodithienothiophene (BDTT; [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene) were achieved by the combination of an addition‐elimination reaction, reduction, and Pd‐catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization. We also achieved the synthesis of π‐extended BDTF and BDTT derivatives through the use of coupling reactions. The detailed physical properties of these compounds were investigated. The newly synthesized BDTFs exhibited strong fluorescence compared with BDTTs. 2,2′‐Bis([1]benzothieno[3,2‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]furan) (BBTTF) exhibited p‐type organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) properties.
MnI/AgI‐Kaskadenkatalyse: spurlose diazoassistierte C(sp2)‐H/C(sp3)‐H‐Kupplung für β‐(Hetero)aryl‐/β‐Alkenylketone
Authors: Lu Qingquan , Mondal Shobhan , Cembellín Sara , Glorius Frank 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEine neuartige MnI/AgI‐kaskadenkatalysierte C(sp2)‐H/C(sp3)‐H‐Kupplung von (Vinyl)arenen mit α‐Diazoketonen wurde entwickelt, wobei die Diazogruppe als ein spurloses Hilfsmittel zur Kontrolle der Regioselektivität genutzt wurde. Anspruchsvolle β‐(Hetero)aryl‐/β‐Alkenylketone wurden über diese operativ einfache Methode erhalten. Die Kaskadenreaktion umfasst die N2‐Abspaltung, Carbenumlagerung, C‐H‐Aktivierung und Hydroarylierung/Hydroalkenylierung. Die Robustheit dieser Methode wurde im präparativen Maßstab gezeigt und auf die Diversifizierung von Naturstoffen angewendet.
Genome Mining and Comparative Biosynthesis of Meroterpenoids from Two Phylogenetically Distinct Fungi
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Wang Ting Ting , Xu Qin Lan , Xiong Ying , Zhang Li , Han Hao , Xu Kuang , Guo Wen Jie , Xu Qiang , Tan Ren Xiang , Ge Hui Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo homologous meroterpenoid gene clusters consisting of contiguous genes encoding polyketide synthase (PKS), prenyltransferase (PT), terpenoid cyclase (TC) and other tailoring enzymes were identified from two phylogenetically distinct fungi through computational analysis. Media optimization guided by reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) enabled two strains to produce eight new and two known meroterpenoids (1–10). Using gene inactivation, heterologous expression, and biochemical analyses, we revealed a new polyketide‐terpenoid assembly line that utilizes a pair of PKSs to synthesize 2,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐alkylbenzoic acid, followed by oxidative decarboxylation, farnesyl transfer, and terpene cyclization to construct the meroterpenoid scaffold. In addition, two of the isolated meroterpenoids (3 and 17 d) showed immunosuppressive bioactivity. Our work reveals a new strategy for meroterpenoid natural products discovery, and reveals the biosynthetic pathway for compounds 1–10.
Whole‐Cell Biotransformation of Benzene to Phenol Catalysed by Intracellular Cytochrome P450BM3 Activated by External Additives
Authors: Karasawa Masayuki , Stanfield Joshua Kyle , Yanagisawa Sota , Shoji Osami , Watanabe Yoshihito 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn Escherichia coli whole‐cell biocatalyst for the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol has been developed. By adding amino acid derivatives as decoy molecules to the culture medium, wild‐type cytochrome P450BM3 (P450BM3) expressed in E.coli can be activated and non‐native substrates hydroxylated, without supplementing with NADPH. The yield of phenol reached 59 % when N‐heptyl‐l‐prolyl‐l‐phenylalanine (C7‐Pro‐Phe) was employed as the decoy molecule. It was shown that decoy molecules, especially those lacking fluorination, reached the cytosol of E. coli, thus imparting in vivo catalytic activity for the oxyfunctionalisation of non‐native substrates to intracellular P450BM3.
Reforming the Eastern Australian gas market
Authors: Shi Xunpeng (Roc) , Grafton R. Quentin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe analyse the deficiencies behind the Eastern Australian gas market by applying a framework proposed by the International Energy Agency. We show that this gas market has structural weaknesses that include inadequate supplies at hubs; limited pipeline capacity; predominance of long‐term gas supply contracts; deficiencies in design; and difficulties with third party access. We provide five policy actions to help remedy these deficiencies and to help establish a functional gas market. Although our study is limited to Australia, it, nevertheless, provides insights for countries in the Asia Pacific region, which may wish to move towards more competitive gas markets, including trading hubs.
Linking “adaptive efficiency” with the basic market functions: A new analytical perspective for institution and policy analysis
Authors: Song Ligang , Simpson Chérie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis conceptual paper develops a new perspective linking the concept of “adaptive efficiency” with the allocative, discovery and creative functions of the market from an institutional perspective. The efficacy of the adaptive efficiency of market functions in improving economic performance is proposed to be measured by changes in transaction costs. This perspective enables an analysis of the independent and interrelated effects of these functions, provides a more complete understanding of entrepreneurial activities and the efficient allocation of resources, better deals with the central problems of economic system and organisation, namely, adaptation and the coordination of knowledge, and has useful implications for public policy.
A Supramolecular Hydrogel Based on Polyglycerol Dendrimer‐Specific Amino Group Recognition
Authors: Cho Ik Sung , Ooya Tooru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDendrimer‐based supramolecular hydrogels have gained attention in biomedical fields. While biocompatible dendrimers were used to prepare hydrogels via physical and/or chemical crosslinking, smart functions such as pH and molecular control remain undeveloped. Here, we present polyglycerol dendrimer‐based supramolecular hydrogel formation induced by a specific interaction between the polyglycerol dendrimer and an amino group of glycol chitosan. Gelation was achieved by mixing the two aqueous solutions. Hydrogel formation was controlled by varying the polyglycerol dendrimer generation. The hydrogel showed pH‐dependent swelling; strongly acidic conditions induced degradation via dissociation of the specific interaction. It also showed unique l‐arginine‐responsive degradation capability due to competitive exchange of the amino groups of glycol chitosan and l‐arginine. These polyglycerol dendrimer‐based supramolecular characteristics allow multimodal application in smart biomaterials.
PdII‐Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of Chromane Derivatives Initiated by cis‐Chloropalladation or trans‐Acetoxypalladation
Authors: Shukla Rahul K. , Pal Kuntal , Volla Chandra M. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA highly regio‐ and stereoselective PdII‐catalyzed cascade synthesis of biologically relevant chromane derivatives from easily available enynes was developed under operationally simple conditions. The cascade reaction consists of nucleopalladation of alkynes, insertion of the alkene and protonation. When CuCl2 was employed as nucleophile, a cis‐chloropalladation initiates the cascade. Whereas in the case of AcOH, a trans‐acetoxypalladation takes place.