bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remnant woodland biodiversity gains under 10 years of revealed‐price incentive payments
Authors: Bond Anthelia J. , O'Connor Patrick J. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Evaluation of conservation incentive programme outcomes is needed to direct future investment, however, monitoring of large‐scale programmes is relatively rare. Research in this area has frequently relied on space‐for‐time substitution or similar designs, rarely controlling for counterfactual trends or potential learning or leakage effects using repeated measures taken before and after intervention at impact and independent control sites.

Using a Before‐After‐Control‐Impact (BACI) monitoring design, we investigate the ecological impact of a conservation stewardship programme, where landholders set their own contract price through a reverse auction. In order to maintain or increase species and structural diversity of remnant native vegetation, contracted landholders agreed to manage grazing pressure (from stock and feral animals), control weeds and retain fallen logs. We test whether impact sites (private land under contract) changed over a 9–10 year period relative to control sites (independently managed, non‐contracted private land) and reference sites (public conservation areas).

Modest improvements were detected in native plant species richness, log abundance and grazing pressure at impact sites compared with background changes observed at control sites. While log abundance and grazing pressure were directly managed at impact sites, the improvement in native plant species richness was assumed to be influenced by reduction in multiple pressures such as grazing pressure and weed abundance.

No significant intervention effects were detected in other variables including regeneration, plant litter cover, weed cover and canopy dieback. However, these variables did show changes over time which were likely due to weather, particularly an extended period of drought followed by unusually high rainfall.

Policy implications. This study shows that revealed‐price incentive contracts can produce biodiversity improvement compared with the business‐as‐usual scenario of native vegetation management on private land. The use of a Before‐After‐Control‐Impact monitoring design enabled the separation of treatment effects from background changes such as those linked to climate and weather, demonstrating the importance of this approach for programme evaluation. We recommend the allocation of appropriate resources for monitoring and also highlight the need for the collection of baseline data prior to contract establishment at both impact and independently managed control sites.
What does the Australian public know about occupational therapy for older people? A population survey
Authors: Rahja Miia , Laver Kate 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionOccupational therapy can delay functional decline and improve quality of life of older people. Yet people may not seek occupational therapy services as they may not be aware of their scope or benefits. The aim of this study was to ascertain what the general public in Australia knows about occupational therapy services for older people.MethodsA cross‐sectional cohort study completed via a consumer panel provider PureProfile (https://www.pureprofile.com/au/) a company specialising in online survey programming to registered participants of the general public (‘panel’). For a fee, a client can include a question in a weekly survey, and receive approximately 1000 responses (including detail about the respondents’ gender, age group and place of residence). We asked a free‐text question about the participants’ understanding of occupational therapy and its role in supporting older adults. We used descriptive statistics to summarise sociodemographic data. Thematic approach to analysis was used to explore themes from the free text responses. Chi‐squared test for independence was used to explore association and/or differences between age group, gender, place of residence and understanding about occupational therapy for older people. Included were people aged ≥18 years living in Australia.ResultsWe received 1004 responses; about half were female (50.9%) and one‐fifth (20.1%) aged 65 or over. Of the 1004 respondents, approximately 10% could provide a good or advanced description of occupational therapy. Over half of the participants had some, but limited knowledge about the profession with references to general rehabilitation, physical therapies and return to work type interventions.ConclusionKnowledge about the role of occupational therapy in supporting older people is limited. There is a need to address misconceptions that occupational therapy is only concerned with workplace or physical health‐related matters to enable better service engagement in the consumer‐driven care model in Australia.
Delphinidin Chloride and Its Hydrolytic Metabolite Gallic Acid Promote Differentiation of Regulatory T cells and Have an Anti‐inflammatory Effect on the Allograft Model
Authors: Hyun Ki Hyeob , Gil Ki Cheol , Kim Sung Gun , Park So‐young , Hwang Kwang Woo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) control the reactivity of other T cells to prevent excessive inflammatory responses. They also plays a role in preventing autoimmune diseases; but when they are overproduced, they decreased vital immunity, which can lead to invasion of external pathogens. Therefore, it is most important in preventing the development of immune diseases to maintain the homeostasis of these cells. Delphinidin chloride is an anthocyanidin and known to have anti‐oxidant activities. However, its structure is very unstable and easily decomposed. One of these degradation products is gallic acid, which also has anti‐oxidant effects. In this study, we examined the effect of these materials on Tregs in controlling immune response. It was found that these materials further promote differentiation into Tregs, and TGF‐β and IL‐2 related signals are involved in this process. Furthermore, it was verified that a variety of immunosuppressive proteins were secreted more, and the function of induced Tregs was also increased. Finally, in the allograft model, we could find a decrease in activated T cells when these materials were treated because they increased differentiation into Tregs. Therefore, these two materials are expected to become new candidates for the treatment of diseases caused by excessive activation of immune cells, such as autoimmune diseases.Practical ApplicationDelphinidin, a kind of anthocyanin rich in pigmented fruits, and its hydrolytic metabolite, gallic acid, are known to have antimicrobial and anti‐oxidant properties. In this experiment, it was shown that delphinidin and gallic acid had an effect of increasing the differentiation of regulatory T cells, and the effect of suppressing the function of memory T cells was also observed. Due to these functions, delphinidin and gallic acid might have the potential to be used as immune suppressive agents in organ transplant and autoimmune disease patients or be a model for food development associated with the immune system.
Differentiation Between Unfiltered and Filtered Oblica and Leccino cv. Virgin Olive Oils
Authors: Jukić Špika Maja , Žanetić Mirella , Kraljić Klara , Soldo Barbara , Ljubenkov Ivica , Politeo Olivera , Škevin Dubravka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe quality parameters, a variety of microcomponents, and the sensory characteristics of Oblica and Leccino cv. virgin olive oils (VOOs) were evaluated before and after filtration process adopted in order to estimate the individual varietal compositional changes. The dynamics of the formation of hydrolytic and oxidative changes in unfiltered (UF) and filtered (F) oils was asses by comparing level of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and spectrophotometric indices periodically during 1 year of oil storage. An analysis of phenolics, tocopherols, and fatty acids was determined by chromatographic (HPLC and GC) and spectrometric methods, oxidative stability by Rancimat method while sensory analyses of obtained olive oils were performed by a trained professional panel. Single monovarietal VOO loses phenols in different rate with the applied filtration. Total secoiridoids decreases significantly in “Oblica” VOOs while no changes in their concentrations were found between unfiltered and filtered “Leccino” oils. Intensity of desired sensory properties decreases with filtration. In “Leccino” VOOs decrease of oxidative stability was more pronounced. After 12 months of storage, filtered “Leccino” VOOs had significantly lower FFA values than observed for the unfiltered counterparts. Further, there were no significant changes in PV and K270 values between unfiltered and filtered oils of both studied varietal oils. Storage time influenced more studied quality parameters than filtration, during which PV of unfiltered oils faster deteriorate. The highest changes between stored and corresponding fresh samples were exhibited in unfiltered “Oblica” VOOs.Practical ApplicationQuality enhancement of olive oil is constantly being done professionally and scientifically. The information provided in this study can be used in the industry of olive oil for improve the phenolic content, oxidative stability, and the sensory quality of virgin olive oils. The findings of stability test could be guidelines for mindful leading of the oil finishing up to bottling.
Predictive value of computed tomography in identifying extracapsular spread of cervical lymph node metastases in p16 positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Noor Anthony , Mintz Jack , Patel Sandy , Bajic Nicholas , Boase Sam , Sethi Neeraj , Foreman Andrew , Krishnan Suren , Hodge John‐Charles 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundExtracapsular spread (ECS) of lymph node metastases is associated with poor prognosis and is an indication for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Accurately identifying ECS using imaging may allow us to recommend primary chemoradiotherapy to avoid trimodality treatment. We investigated the accuracy of staging CT in diagnosing ECS in P16 + oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodsPatients with pathologically determined cervical nodal metastases from P16 + OPSCC were included. Two blinded radiologists scored images to predict the presence of ECS in comparison to histopathology.ResultsEighty patients with a total of 91 specimens were evaluated. Pathologic ECS was identified in 53.8% of the patients. Sensitivity and specificity of CT for the two observers were 56.5% and 60.9%, and 73.3% and 66.7%, respectively. The presence of perinodal stranding was found to be significantly associated with pathological ECS.ConclusionComputed tomography displays consistently high specificity, which may be used to rule out the presence of extracapsular spread in cervical nodal metastases of P16 + oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
A DNA barcode library for 5,200 German flies and midges (Insecta: Diptera) and its implications for metabarcoding‐based biomonitoring
Authors: Morinière Jérôme , Balke Michael , Doczkal Dieter , Geiger Matthias F. , Hardulak Laura A. , Haszprunar Gerhard , Hausmann Axel , Hendrich Lars , Regalado Ledis , Rulik Björn , Schmidt Stefan , Wägele Johann‐Wolfgang , Hebert Paul D. N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study summarizes results of a DNA barcoding campaign on German Diptera, involving analysis of 45,040 specimens. The resultant DNA barcode library includes records for 2,453 named species comprising a total of 5,200 barcode index numbers (BINs), including 2,700COIhaplotype clusters without species‐level assignment, so called “dark taxa.” Overall, 88 out of 117 families (75%) recorded from Germany were covered, representing more than 50% of the 9,544 known species of German Diptera. Until now, most of these families, especially the most diverse, have been taxonomically inaccessible. By contrast, within a few years this study provided an intermediate taxonomic system for half of the German Dipteran fauna, which will provide a useful foundation for subsequent detailed, integrative taxonomic studies. Using DNA extracts derived from bulk collections made by Malaise traps, we further demonstrate that species delineation using BINs and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) constitutes an effective method for biodiversity studies using DNA metabarcoding. As the reference libraries continue to grow, and gaps in the species catalogue are filled, BIN lists assembled by metabarcoding will provide greater taxonomic resolution. The present study has three main goals: (a) to provide a DNA barcode library for 5,200 BINs of Diptera; (b) to demonstrate, based on the example of bulk extractions from a Malaise trap experiment, that DNA barcode clusters, labelled with globally unique identifiers (such as OTUs and/or BINs), provide a pragmatic, accurate solution to the “taxonomic impediment”; and (c) to demonstrate that interim names based on BINs and OTUs obtained through metabarcoding provide an effective method for studies on species‐rich groups that are usually neglected in biodiversity research projects because of their unresolved taxonomy.
Influence of disease duration and socioeconomic factors on the prevalence of infection and hospitalization in rheumatoid arthritis: KRAC study
Authors: Chandrashekara S. , Shobha Vineeta , Dharmanand Balebail G. , Jois Ramesh , Kumar Sharath , Mahendranath Kurugodu Mathada , Haridas Vikram , Prasad Shiva , Singh Yogesh , Daware Manisha Ashwin , Swamy Anupama , Subramanian Ramaswamy , Somashekar Srirama Attappa , Shanthappa Arun Madhanaghatta , Anupama K. R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThe use of healthcare resources by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients can be related to the presence of disease, comorbid conditions, use of steroids, and the combined use of immunosuppressants. This study evaluated the risk factors associated with infection and hospitalization in RA.MethodsThis multicenter, cross‐sectional study enrolled 3247 RA subjects fulfilling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria to examine the prevalence of hospitalization and episodes of documentable non‐tubercular infections as a part of the “Karnataka rheumatoid arthritis comorbidity” study (KRAC). The study included 2081 subjects and 1166 were excluded due to incomplete data. Demographic, clinical and treatment variables were collected, and the events related to infections and hospitalization were extracted from the medical records. Comparative analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed.ResultsAround 22% of the subjects had hospitalizations and 2.9% had infections. Infections were pertaining to dental (1.3%), urinary tract (1.6%) and candidiasis (0.2%). Skin‐ and soft tissue‐related infections were found in 1.8% and 0.3% of patients, respectively. Increased need of hospitalization in RA patients was associated with advanced age (≥60 years), lower education, family income, and longer duration of RA. Presence of comorbidity, usage of three or more disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and family income influenced the likelihood of infection. Dental infections were less likely in working subjects and more likely in patients with increased disease duration, higher family income, comorbidities and those between the age group 40‐59 years. Urinary tract infection was associated with DMARD usage.ConclusionPatient‐specific risk factors should be considered to improve treatment strategies and to reduce the risk of infection and hospitalization in RA patients.
Brief Motivational Interventions Are Associated with Reductions in Alcohol‐Induced Blackouts Among Heavy Drinking College Students
Authors: Acuff Samuel F. , Voss Andrew T. , Dennhardt Ashley A. , Borsari Brian , Martens Matthew P. , Murphy James G. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundAlcohol‐induced blackouts, a form of anterograde amnesia that restricts the encoding of short‐term memories into long‐term ones, are among the most severe alcohol‐related consequences. College students are at high risk of experiencing alcohol‐induced blackouts, and there is a need to determine whether alcohol interventions can effectively reduce blackouts in this population. The current study uses data from 3 randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of various intervention approaches on alcohol‐induced blackouts.MethodsFour interventions were compared over 3 studies: (i) a computerized feedback intervention (electronic Check‐Up To Go [e‐Chug]; Study 1); (ii) a single‐session brief motivational intervention (BMI; Study 1); (iii) a BMI plus behavioral economic session focused on increasing substance‐free activities (BMI + Substance‐Free Activity Session [SFAS]; Studies 2 and 3); and (iv) a BMI plus supplemental Relaxation Training session (BMI + Relaxation Training; Studies 2 and 3). Studies 1 and 3 also included an assessment‐only control condition. For each study, participants reported whether they had experienced an alcohol‐induced blackout at each time point; binary logistic regressions examined differential likelihood of experiencing an alcohol‐induced blackout over time.ResultsNeither the single‐session BMI nor e‐Chug reduced alcohol‐induced blackouts over assessment only; however, participants in the BMI + SFAS or BMI + Relaxation Training condition were significantly less likely to experience an alcohol‐induced blackout compared to assessment only at 1‐month (Wald = 4.77, odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, p = 0.03) and 6‐month follow‐ups (Wald = 5.72, OR = 0.52, p = 0.02). Study 2 also revealed a larger effect for the BMI + SFAS over the BMI + Relaxation Training condition at 6 months (Wald = 4.11 OR = 0.22, p = 0.043), although this was not replicated in Study 3. The effects for the 2‐session BMIs lasted 6 months, at which point maturation effects diminished differences between assessment‐only and intervention conditions.ConclusionsTwo sessions of BMI are a substantial enough dose to result in reductions in alcohol‐induced blackouts among college student heavy drinkers.
Mindfulness‐Based Relapse Prevention and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Reduce Heavy Drinking: A Double‐Blind Sham‐Controlled Randomized Trial
Authors: Witkiewitz Katie , Stein Elena R. , Votaw Victoria R. , Wilson Adam D. , Roos Corey R. , Gallegos Stevi J. , Clark Vincent P. , Claus Eric D. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundMindfulness‐based relapse prevention (MBRP) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have independently shown benefits for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recent work suggests tDCS may enhance mindfulness. The combination of MBRP and tDCS may provide synergistic benefits and may target both behavioral and neurobiological dysfunctions in AUD. The goal of this double‐blind sham‐controlled randomized trial was to examine the efficacy of a rolling group MBRP treatment combined with tDCS among individuals interested in reducing their drinking.MethodsIndividuals who were interested in reducing their alcohol use (n = 84; 40.5% female; mean age = 52.3; 98.9% with current AUD) were randomized to receive active (2.0 milliamps) or sham (0.0 milliamps) anodal tDCS (5 cm × 3 cm electrode) of the right inferior frontal gyrus with the 5 cm × 3 cm cathodal electrode applied to the left upper arm, combined with 8 weeks of outpatient MBRP rolling group treatment. Assessments were conducted at baseline, posttreatment, and 2 months following treatment. The primary outcome was drinks per drinking day, and secondary outcomes were percent heavy drinking days, self‐reported craving, alcohol cue reactivity in an alcohol cue task, and response inhibition in a stop signal reaction time task.ResultsResults indicated significant reductions in drinks per drinking day over time, B(SE) = −0.535 (0.16), p = 0.001, and a significant dose effect for number of groups attended, B(SE) = −0.259 (0.11), p = 0.01. There were also significant effects of time and dose for number of groups attended on secondary outcomes of percent heavy drinking days and alcohol cue reactivity. There were no effects of active versus sham tDCS on primary or secondary outcomes.ConclusionsFindings from the current study provide initial support for the effectiveness of rolling group MBRP as an outpatient treatment for drinking reduction. The current study did not find additive effects of this tDCS protocol in enhancing MBRP among individuals with drinking reduction goals.
Assessment of gastric emptying of maltodextrin, coffee with milk and orange juice during labour at term using point of care ultrasound: a non‐inferiority randomised clinical trial
Authors: Nascimento A. C. , Goveia C. S. , Guimarães G. M. N. , Filho R. P. L. , Ladeira L. C. A. , Silva H. B. G. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryLabouring women have been shown to have slower gastric emptying than non‐pregnant subjects, and this argument is sometimes used to recommend fasting guidelines such as nil‐by‐mouth during labour. We performed a parallel group, randomised non‐inferiority trial, comparing gastric emptying of 450 ml isocalorically‐adjusted maltodextrin, coffee with milk or pulp‐free orange juice, with 18 women in each group. The women were initially fasted for 2 h for clear fluids, 6 h for a light meal and 8 h for a high fat or high protein meal. We performed gastric ultrasound in the semirecumbent–right lateral decubitus position. Gastric antral area was measured at baseline and at 5 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min. Gastric emptying of maltodextrin was significantly faster than coffee with milk (p < 0.001) and orange juice (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between pulp‐free orange juice and coffee with milk (p = 0.97). The estimated gastric residual volume was lower than baseline from 90 min after drinking maltodextrin. In labouring women, maltodextrin is cleared from the stomach faster than coffee with milk and orange juice. Gastric emptying depends on other factors besides the caloric load and volume of the drink.
Quality of life after oncoplastic breast‐conserving surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Aristokleous Iliana , Saddiq Muhammad 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundOncoplastic breast‐conserving surgery (OBCS) has gained increasing attention as a treatment option for early breast cancer patients, aiming to achieve the best possible breast symmetry with concomitant oncological safety. This paper aims to systematically review the current literature on patient quality of life (QoL) after OBCS compared with QoL after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) alone.MethodsMEDLINE via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO and PsycINFO via OvidSP were searched to retrieve all relevant studies. The reference lists of identified eligible studies were manually examined to search for additional eligible studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme.ResultsA total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies used validated patient‐reported outcome measures for assessing QoL with good response rates. However, only one study was of sufficiently good quality to provide good evidence (P < 0.05) in favour of OBCS, while the remainder were of low to moderate quality with differences in outcomes that were not statistically significant.ConclusionThe review found that the current evidence base is limited and not adequate enough to support or to reject the assumption that OBCS is associated with improved QoL when compared with QoL post‐BCS. However, the majority of studies show that OBCS is associated with a trend towards better patient QoL. The impact of OBCS on patient QoL needs to be more adequately investigated. Large prospective cohort studies to assess the impact of OBCS on QoL compared with QoL post‐BCS are strongly recommended.
Letter: studies of salivary pepsin in patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Dettmar Peter William , Woodcock Andrew David , Wilcox Matthew David , Chater Peter Ian , Pearson Jeffrey Peter 
Published: April 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Race et al and Corfe et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15138 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15225.