bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of system identity threat in conspiracy theory endorsement
Authors: Federico Christopher M. , Williams Allison L. , Vitriol Joseph A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractConspiracy theories (CTs) about government officials and the institutions they represent are widespread, and span the ideological spectrum. In this study, we test hypotheses suggesting that system identity threat, or a perception that society's fundamental, defining values are under siege due to social change, will predict conspiracy thinking. Across two samples (N = 870, N = 2,702), we found that system identity threat is a strong predictor of a general tendency toward conspiracy thinking and endorsement of both ideological and non‐ideological CTs, even after accounting for numerous covariates. We also found that the relationship between system‐identity threat and conspiracy‐theory endorsement is mediated by conspiracy thinking. These results suggest that conspiracy‐theory endorsement may be a compensatory reaction to perceptions that society's essential character is changing.
Carbon‐nanotube Modified Screen‐printed Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Nitrite and Uric Acid in Biological Fluids Using Batch‐injection Amperometric Detection
Authors: Caetano Larissa P. , Lima Ana P. , Tormin Thiago F. , Richter Eduardo M. , Espindola Foued S. , Botelho Françoise V. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA portable electroanalytical system applied for rapid and simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA) and nitrite (NIT) in human biological fluids (urine, saliva and blood) is reported. The system is based on batch‐injection analysis with multiple‐pulse amperometric (BIA‐MPA) detection using screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. Sample dilution in optimized electrolyte (0.1 mol L−1 Britton‐Robinson buffer pH 2) followed by injection of 100 μL on the electrode surface using an electronic micropipette is performed. UA is detected at +0.45 V and both UA+NIT at +0.70 V. Linear calibration plots for UA and NIT were obtained over the range of 1–500 μmol L−1 with detection limits of 0.05 and 0.06 μmol L−1, respectively. For comparison, a differential‐pulse voltammetric (DPV) method was optimized, and linear calibration plots for UA and NIT were obtained over range of 1–30 μmol L−1 and 1–40 μmol L−1 with detection limits of 0.1 and 0.3 μmol L−1, respectively. BIA‐MPA is highly precise (RSD<1.3 %), fast (160 h−1) and free from sample‐matrix interferences as recovery values ranged from 77 to 121 % for spiked samples (short contact time of sample aliquot with SPE). Contrarily, recovery tests conducted using DPV did not provide adequate recovery values (>150 %), probably due to the longer contact time of the SPE with the biological samples during analysis leading to a severe interference of sample matrices.
Accumulation and sublethal effects of triclosan and its transformation product methyl-triclosan in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to environmental concentrations in an artificial soil
Authors: Chevillot Fanny , Guyot Mélanie , Desrosiers Mélanie , Cadoret Nicole , Veilleux Éloïse , Cabana Hubert , Bellenger Jean-Philippe 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Municipal biosolids are increasingly used as a low-cost fertilizer in agricultural soil. Biosolids are contaminated by low concentrations (nanograms per gram dry wt range) of a large variety of organic contaminants, such as triclosan. The effect of exposure to low concentrations of organic contaminants on soil biota remains largely undocumented. We evaluated the sublethal effects of triclosan on the earthworm Eisenia andrei using an artificial soil amended with a nominal concentration of triclosan of 50 ng g−1 dry weight soil. Using a 56-d reproduction test, we monitored the effect of triclosan exposure on adult earthworm survival, growth, and reproduction. The bioaccumulation of triclosan in earthworm tissue (adults and juveniles) and degradation of triclosan were monitored. The genotoxicity of triclosan was evaluated using a comet assay (DNA damage) on adult earthworm coelomocytes. Exposure to a low concentration of triclosan had no significant effects on adult earthworm survival and DNA damage but significantly stimulated growth (p &lt; 0.05) by 2-fold compared with controls. It also significantly affected E. andrei reproduction parameters (p &lt; 0.05), as evidenced by an increase in the number of cocoons and juveniles and a decrease in the mean dry weight of juveniles. The bioaccumulation of triclosan in earthworms was moderate (bioaccumulation factor ∼2). In biosolid-borne trials, the bioaccumulation of methyl-triclosan in earthworm tissues was higher than that of the parent compound triclosan. We conclude that exposure to low concentrations of triclosan in artificial soil can significantly affect the growth and reproductive performance of earthworms (i.e., E. andrei). More research is required with natural soils to assess triclosan bioavailability for earthworms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1940–1948. © 2018 SETAC
Experimental investigation of CO2 absorption enthalpy in conventional imidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Hu Yi , Li Xiaoshan , Liu Ji , Li Liwei , Zhang Liqi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have elicited considerable attention in the field of gas absorption and separation due to their unique properties. In addition to absorption capacity and absorption rate, absorption enthalpy is an important indicator for sorbent evaluation. In this work, the absorption enthalpy of CO2 in several kinds of ILs was measured directly using a Calvet calorimeter. The effects of anions, cationic alkyl chain length, and temperature on absorption properties were discussed. Results showed that anions influenced CO2 absorption enthalpy considerably. 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate presented the most appropriate enthalpy for CO2 absorption compared with the other ILs investigated with different chain lengths. Absorption enthalpy was dependent on temperature, and the isosteric absorption enthalpy decreased with an increase in temperature. This work provides a useful basis for the appropriate selection of alternative forms of IL sorbents for post‐combustion CO2 capture technology. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geochemistry and chronology of the granites in Alasituo, west Tianshan Orogen: Implications for a magma mixing origin
Authors: Han Yixiao , Liu Yunhua , Zhou Saifang , Teng Fei , Wei Juzhen , Tian Runqing 
Published: April 2018

There are intense magmatic activities in the Alasituo integrated gold exploration area, west Tianshan Orogen. On the basis of field characteristics, geochemistry features, and chronology in Alasituo, the formation mechanism of complex granite rocks was explored. The intrusive rocks are divided into 3 parts: a silicic endmember, a mafic endmember, and intermediate rocks. Mafic microgranular enclaves, as well as spotted structure, silicic veins intruding mafic rocks and plagioclase xenocrysts, developed in rocks. Under the microscope, there are many unbalanced mineral combinations, needle‐like apatites, and poikilitic structures. Futhermore, there is an obvious linear trend between the mafic endmember samples, intermediate samples, and the silicic endmember samples in Harker diagrams. All samples were evolved from magma mixing in TFe2O3‐MgO diagram. The trace element concentrations of intermediate rocks have the transitional features of both silicic and mafic endmember rocks. The above characteristics show that rocks have experienced low degree and uneven physical and chemical magma mixing. The silicic endmember rocks have a high content of K2O + Na2O, Zr, Nb, Y, and REE; high Ga/Al ratios, and; low content of Sr, Eu, Ti, and P, which have the characteristics of A‐type granites with a crustal source. The high content of MgO, TFe2O3, and low K2O/Na2O in mafic endmember rocks indicate a mantle source. The LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb zircon age of the granodiorites is 350.3 ± 3.0 Ma. Combined with regional geological background and geochemical characteristics, the intrusive rocks were formed when the thinning lithosphere triggered mafic magma underplating, heating upper crust granites, and causing them partial melt.
Different brain networks underlying intelligence in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Pua Emmanuel Peng Kiat , Malpas Charles B. , Bowden Stephen C. , Seal Marc L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere has been sustained clinical and cognitive neuroscience research interest in how network correlates of brain‐behavior relationships might be altered in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. As previous work has mostly focused on adults, the nature of whole‐brain connectivity networks underlying intelligence in pediatric cohorts with abnormal neurodevelopment requires further investigation. We used network‐based statistics (NBS) to examine the association between resting‐state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) connectivity and fluid intelligence ability in male children (n = 50) with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD; M = 10.45, SD = 1.58 years and in controls (M = 10.38, SD = 0.96 years) matched on fluid intelligence performance, age and sex. Repeat analyses were performed in independent sites for validation and replication. Despite being equivalent on fluid intelligence ability to strictly matched neurotypical controls, boys with ASD displayed a subnetwork of significantly increased associations between functional connectivity and fluid intelligence. Between‐group differences remained significant at higher edge thresholding, and results were validated in independent‐site replication analyses in an equivalent age and sex‐matched cohort with ASD. Regions consistently implicated in atypical connectivity correlates of fluid intelligence in ASD were the angular gyrus, posterior middle temporal gyrus, occipital and temporo‐occipital regions. Development of fluid intelligence neural correlates in young ASD males is aberrant, with an increased strength in intrinsic connectivity association during childhood. Alterations in whole‐brain network correlates of fluid intelligence in ASD may be a compensatory mechanism that allows equal task performance to neurotypical peers.
The impact of the legalisation of abortion on birth outcomes in Uruguay
Authors: Antón José‐Ignacio , Ferre Zuleika , Triunfo Patricia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the short‐term impact on the quantity and quality of births of an abortion reform in Uruguay that legalised termination of pregnancy until the 12th week of pregnancy in the short run. We employ a differences‐in‐differences approach, comprehensive administrative records of births, and a novel identification strategy based on the planned or unplanned nature of pregnancies that came to term. Our results suggest that this policy change has led to an 8% decline in the number of births from unplanned pregnancies, driven by the group of mothers aged between 20 and 34 years old who have secondary education. This decline has triggered an increase in the average quality of births in terms of more intensive prenatal control care and a lower probability of births among single mothers. Furthermore, we document a positive selection process of births because of the reform, as adequate prenatal control care and Apgar scores rose among the affected demographic group.
Pretreatment neurocognitive function and self‐reported symptoms in patients with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer compared with noncancer cohort
Authors: Bernstein Lori J. , Pond Gregory R. , Gan Hui K. , Tirona Kattleya , Chan Kelvin K. , Hope Andrew , Kim John , Chen Eric X. , Siu Lillian L. , Razak Albiruni R. Abdul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundNewly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancer may be at risk for impaired neurocognitive function (NCF) due to disease, treatment, and lifestyle factors.MethodsEighty pretreatment patients with head and neck cancer and 40 control patients without cancer completed assessment of NCF and self‐reported cognition, fatigue, and mood. Blood samples to evaluate organ reserves, hormones, and cytokines were collected.ResultsPatients experienced worse symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and anxiety than controls. In contrast, NCF was equivalent for patients and controls. Using published norms as comparison, groups had similar high rates of impairment in performance (9/80 patients and 3/40 controls scored in the abnormal range).ConclusionPretreatment patients with head and neck cancer reported cognitive disturbance. The frequency of impaired performance, albeit high, was consistent with the literature demonstrating false‐positive “abnormal” neuropsychological test performance is not uncommon. Inclusion of a noncancer patient control cohort is essential because using solely normative data as a comparison may foster erroneous interpretation.
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Groundwater Irrigation Using the Life Cycle Assessment Method: Application to a Tunisian Arid Region
Authors: Pradeleix Ludivine , Bouarfa Sami , Bellon‐Maurel Veronique , Roux Philippe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGroundwater irrigation is an opportunity to improve yield, but it also brings about a variety of environmental impacts that go beyond the most noticeable impact of water depletion. In this paper, a multi‐criteria environmental impact assessment based on life cycle analysis (LCA) is conducted at the regional level on the Kairouan Plain (Tunisia) where groundwater withdrawals for irrigation purposes are constantly increasing. At this regional level, we have addressed impacts of both groundwater pumping and cropping practices. The diversity of farming and cropping systems was also accounted for.Results highlight that the main processes contributing to the impacts on resources—when overlooking impacts on water depletion—are: energy used for groundwater pumping (23%), fertilization (30%), i.e. road transportation of manure (21%), ammonium nitrate manufacturing (9%), and also the manufacturing of irrigation pipes (13%). However, the specific impacts of freshwater depletion on natural resources are by far the most severe when accounted for in the method. Indeed, it is essential that these impacts on freshwater depletion be fully accounted for in this water‐scarce context, especially given the increasing water scarcity predicted by climatic models. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutations That Alter the Carboxy-Terminal-Propeptide Cleavage Site of the Chains of Type I Procollagen Are Associated With a Unique Osteogenesis Imperfecta Phenotype
Authors: Cundy Tim , Dray Michael , Delahunt John , Hald Jannie Dahl , Langdahl Bente , Li Chumei , Szybowska Marta , Mohammed Shehla , Duncan Emma L , McInerney-Leo Aideen M , Wheeler Patricia G , Roschger Paul , Klaushofer Klaus , Rai Jyoti , Weis MaryAnn , Eyre David , Schwarze Ulrike , Byers Peter H 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone disorder characterized by fractures, low bone mass, and skeletal fragility. It most commonly arises from dominantly inherited mutations in the genes COL1A1 and COL1A2 that encode the chains of type I collagen. A number of recent reports have suggested that mutations affecting the carboxyl-terminal propeptide cleavage site in the products of either COL1A1 or COL1A2 give rise to a form of OI characterized by unusually dense bones. We have assembled clinical, biochemical, and molecular data from 29 individuals from 8 families with 7 different mutations affecting the C-propeptide cleavage site. The phenotype was generally mild: The median height was ∼33th centile. Eighty percent of subjects had their first fracture by the age of 10 years, and one-third had a femoral or tibial fracture by the age of 25 years. Fractures continued into adulthood, though rates varied considerably. Healing was normal and rarely resulted in long bone deformity. One-third of subjects older than 15 years had scoliosis. The teeth and hearing were normal in most, and blue sclerae were not observed. Other features noted included fibro-osseous dysplasia of the mandible and Achilles tendon calcification. The mean spinal bone mineral density Z-score was +2.9 (SD 2.1) compared with –2.2 (0.7) in subjects with COL1A1 haploinsufficiency mutations. Bone mineral density distribution, assessed by quantitative backscattered electron imaging in bone showed higher levels of mineralization than found in any other disorder. Bone histology showed high trabecular volume and increased cortical thickness, with hyperosteoidosis and delayed mineralization. In vitro studies with cultured skin fibroblasts suggested that these mutations interfere with processing of the chain in which the sequence alteration occurs, but the C-propeptide is eventually cleaved (and detectable in blood), suggesting there are alternative sites of cleavage. The precise mechanism of the bony pathology is not yet clear. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hemoglobin S monitoring on TOSOH G8 in hemoglobin A1c mode in case of urgent red blood cell exchange
Authors: Van Aelst Sophie , Claerhout Helena , Nackers Elke , Desmet Koen , Kieffer Davy 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundPre‐ and post‐transfusion hemoglobin S (HbS) levels are used to document the efficacy of red blood cell exchange (RCE) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). In case of urgent RCE a 24/7 short turn‐around time (STAT) analysis, with the ability to identify and quantify HbS, is warranted. The use of TOSOH G8 (Tosoh Europe) is evaluated for this purpose, using the variant HbA1c mode.MethodsAnalytical performance of the HbS analysis on TOSOH G8 in variant HbA1c mode was evaluated, including assessment of imprecision and linearity for HbS. In addition, a comparison study between TOSOH G8 and Minicap Flex Piercing (FP) system CZE (Sebia) using 32 HbS samples (HbS range: 9%‐93%) was carried out to evaluate analytical and clinical concordance.ResultsTotal HbS imprecision was 1.77% and 0.31% for a sickle cell trait and a sickle cell anemia sample, respectively. An acceptable linearity (HbS range: 6%‐88%) was observed (R2 > .99). Passing‐Bablok regression analysis showed a significant proportional bias; however, a good analytical concordance (r > .95) was found. Our results suggested that TOSOH G8 underestimated HbS results compared with those of Minicap FP system (mean difference: −3.54%), especially in samples with a high HbS concentration.ConclusionHemoglobin S results obtained with TOSOH G8 in variant HbA1c mode are clinically acceptable to monitor urgent RCE. The observed underestimation will not alter clinical decision‐making.
Gender differences in social anxiety disorder
Authors: Asher Maya , Aderka Idan M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjective Despite the ample literature on gender differences in anxiety and mood disorders, gender differences in social anxiety disorder (SAD) have received little empirical attention. The aim of the present study is to examine gender differences in 12‐months prevalence, patterns of comorbidity, clinical presentation, subjective distress and functional impairment, age of onset, and treatment seeking, and discuss their clinical implications.MethodWe used data from the National Comorbidity Survey‐Replication (NCS‐R; n = 652, 63.3% women) to examine gender differences.ResultsMain findings highlighted that compared with men, women are more likely to have SAD, to have a more severe clinical presentation of the disorder and to have greater subjective distress. Women are more likely than men to have comorbid specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, whereas men are more likely to have comorbid substance abuse disorders and conduct disorder.ConclusionsGreater SAD prevalence and severity among women can have implications for assessment (e.g., potentially setting gender‐specific cutoffs) and treatment (e.g., guiding exposures) of SAD.
Artemisia annua organic solvent extract, processed by supercritical CO2
Authors: Baldino Lucia , Reverchon Ernesto 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDArtemisia annua L. extraction is traditionally performed using hexane; the process is simple, but not selective. In this work, a strategy to concentrate artemisinin and the other similar active principles in the final extract is proposed, combining cheapness of maceration and selectivity of SC‐CO2 processing.RESULTSHexane extraction produced a solid, waxy extract with a yield of 3.3% w/w with respect to the starting vegetable material. Then, SC‐CO2 processing of this solid extract was performed operating at 0.8 kg h−1 SC‐CO2 flow rate and at different operative parameters. Very selective conditions were found operating at 90 bar and 50°C, obtaining a final product containing more than 71% w/w of active compounds (artemisinin, artemisin and dehydroartemisinin).CONCLUSIONUsing this approach, a product more than 2.6 times richer in artemisinin than the one obtained by conventional techniques and about 2 times richer than direct CO2 extraction, was obtained. Another relevant result is that the overall process scheme is cheaper than direct CO2 extraction, since a high pressure extractor about 20 times smaller can be used, to process the waxy product obtained by hexane extraction. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
RETRACTED: Estrogen‐regulated expression of P450arom genes in the brain and ovaries of adult female Indian climbing perch, Anabas testudineus
Authors: Pal Puja , Moulik Sujata Roy , Gupta Shreyasi , Guha Payel , Majumder Suravi , Kundu Sourav , Mallick Buddhadev , Pramanick Kousik , Mukherjee Dilip 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCytochrome P450arom (CYP19), a product of cyp19a1 gene, catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens and is essential for regulation of reproductive function in vertebrates. In the present study, we isolated partial cDNA encoding the ovarian (cyp19a1a) and brain (cyp19a1b) P450arom genes from adult female perch, Anabas testudineus and investigated their regulation by estrogen in vivo. Results demonstrated that cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b predominate in ovary and brain respectively, with quantity of both attuned to reproductive cycle. To elucidate estrogen‐regulated expression of cyp19a1b in brain and cyp19a1a in ovary, dose‐ and time‐dependent studies were conducted with estrogen in vitellogenic‐stage fish in the presence or absence of specific aromatase inhibitor fadrozole. Results demonstrated that treatment of fish with 17β‐estradiol (E2; 1.0 μM)) for 6 days caused significant upregulation of cyp19a1b transcripts, aromatase B protein, and aromatase activity in brain in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Ovarian cyp19a1a mRNA, aromatase protein, and aromatase activity, however, was less responsive to E2 than brain. Treatment of fish with an aromatase inhibitor fadrozole for 6 days attenuated both brain and ovarian cyp19a1 mRNAs expression and stimulatory effects of E2 was also significantly reduced. These results indicate that expression of cyp19a1b in brain and cyp19a1a in ovary of adult female A. testudineus was closely associated to plasma E2 levels and seasonal reproductive cycle. Results further show apparent differential regulation of cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b expression by E2/fadrozole manipulation.