bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spring Onset Predictability in the North American Multimodel Ensemble
Authors: Carrillo Carlos M. , Ault Toby R. , Wilks Daniel S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe predictability of spring onset is assessed using an index of its interannual variability (the “extended spring index” or SI‐x) and output from the North American Multimodel Ensemble reforecast experiment. The input data to compute SI‐x were treated with a daily joint bias correction approach, and the SI‐x outputs computed from the North American Multimodel Ensemble were postprocessed using an ensemble model output statistic approach—nonhomogeneous Gaussian regression. This ensemble model output statistic approach was used to quantify the effects of training period length and ensemble size on forecast skill. The lead time for predicting the timing of spring onset is found to be from 10 to 60 days, with the higher end of this range located along a narrow band between 35°N to 45°N in the eastern United States. Using continuous rank probability scores and skill score (SS) thresholds, this study demonstrates that ranges of positive predictability of SI‐x fall into two categories: 10–40 and 40–60 days. Using higher skill thresholds (SS equal to 0.1 and 0.2), predictability is confined to a lower range with values around 10–30 days. The postprocessing work using joint bias correction improves the predictive skill for SI‐x relative to the untreated input data set. Using nonhomogeneous Gaussian regression, a positive change in the SS is noted in regions where the skill with joint bias correction shows evidence of improvement. These findings suggest that the start of spring might be predictable on intraseasonal time horizons, which in turn could be useful for farmers, growers, and stakeholders making decisions on these time scales.
First Estimate of Wind Fields in the Jupiter Polar Regions From JIRAM‐Juno Images
Authors: Grassi D. , Adriani A. , Moriconi M. L. , Mura A. , Tabataba‐Vakili F. , Ingersoll A. , Orton G. , Hansen C. , Altieri F. , Filacchione G. , Sindoni G. , Dinelli B. M. , Fabiano F. , Bolton S. J. , Levin S. , Atreya S. K. , Lunine J. I. , Momary T. , Tosi F. , Migliorini A. , Piccioni G. , Noschese R. , Cicchetti A. , Plainaki C. , Olivieri A. , Turrini D. , Stefani S. , Sordini R. , Amoroso M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present wind speeds at the ~ 1 bar level at both Jovian polar regions inferred from the 5‐μm infrared images acquired by the Jupiter InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Juno spacecraft during its fourth periapsis (2 February 2017). We adopted the criterion of minimum mean absolute distortion (Gonzalez & Woods, 2008) to quantify the motion of cloud features between pairs of images. The associated random error on speed estimates is 12 m/s in the northern polar region and 9.8 m/s at the south. Assuming that polar cyclones described by Adriani et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25491) are in rigid motion with respect to System III, tangential speeds in the interior of the vortices increase linearly with distance from the center. The annulus of maximum speed for the main circumpolar cyclones is located at approximatively 1,000 km from their centers, with peak cyclonic speeds typically between 80 and 110 m/s and ~50 m/s in at least two cases. Beyond the annulus of maximum speed, tangential speed decreases inversely with the distance from the center within the Southern Polar Cyclone and somewhat faster within the Northern Polar Cyclone. A few small areas of anticyclonic motions are also identified within both polar regions.
TRIM50 suppressed hepatocarcinoma progression through directly targeting SNAIL for ubiquitous degradation
Authors: Ma Xiaoxiao , Ma Xiaomin , Qiu Yumin , Zhu Lihui , Lin Yueke , You Yajing , Ma Dapeng , Qin Zhenzhi , Sun Caiyu , Zhao Yunxue , Sun Yanlin , Han Lihui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTripartite motif-containing 50 (TRIM50) belongs to the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple cancers. However, the role of TRIM50 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be clarified. Here we showed that TRIM50 expression was significantly decreased in liver cancer tissues compared with corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues, and its decreased expression was significantly correlated with advanced disease progression. Gain-of-function assay by exogenous overexpression of TRIM50 in HCC cells showed that proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCC cells were significantly inhibited, whereas loss-of-function assay by TRIM50 knockdown showed that these malignant behaviors of HCC cells were significantly increased. Further investigation showed that TRIM50 could directly bind with SNAIL and induced K-48 linked poly-ubiquitous degradation of SNAIL protein, which further reversed SNAIL-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of HCC cells. In vivo assay by xenograft tumor model verified the antitumor effect of TRIM50 on HCC. Taken together, these results showed that TRIM50 acted as a tumor suppressor in HCC cells by directly targeting SNAIL and reversing EMT, which further indicated that positive modulation of TRIM50 might be a novel therapeutic strategy for SNAIL overexpressed HCC cells.
Triad3a induces the degradation of early necrosome to limit RipK1-dependent cytokine production and necroptosis
Authors: Alturki Norah A. , McComb Scott , Ariana Ardeshir , Rijal Dikchha , Korneluk Robert G. , Sun Shao-Cong , Alnemri Emad , Sad Subash 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular signaling in programmed cell death is vital to a practical understanding of inflammation and immune cell function. Here we identify a previously unrecognized mechanism that functions to downregulate the necrosome, a central signaling complex involved in inflammation and necroptosis. We show that RipK1 associates with RipK3 in an early necrosome, independent of RipK3 phosphorylation and MLKL-induced necroptotic death. We find that formation of the early necrosome activates K48-ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of RipK1, Caspase-8, and other necrosomal proteins. Our results reveal that the E3-ubiquitin ligase Triad3a promotes this negative feedback loop independently of typical RipK1 ubiquitin editing enzymes, cIAPs, A20, or CYLD. Finally, we show that Triad3a-dependent necrosomal degradation limits necroptosis and production of inflammatory cytokines. These results reveal a new mechanism of shutting off necrosome signaling and may pave the way to new strategies for therapeutic manipulation of inflammatory responses.
The RPAP3-Cterminal domain identifies R2TP-like quaternary chaperones
Authors: Maurizy Chloé , Quinternet Marc , Abel Yoann , Verheggen Céline , Santo Paulo E. , Bourguet Maxime , C.F. Paiva Ana , Bragantini Benoît , Chagot Marie-Eve , Robert Marie-Cécile , Abeza Claire , Fabre Philippe , Fort Philippe , Vandermoere Franck , M.F. Sousa Pedro , Rain Jean-Christophe , Charpentier Bruno , Cianférani Sarah , Bandeiras Tiago M. , Pradet-Balade Bérengère , Manival Xavier , Bertrand Edouard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractR2TP is an HSP90 co-chaperone that assembles important macro-molecular machineries. It is composed of an RPAP3-PIH1D1 heterodimer, which binds the two essential AAA+ATPases RUVBL1/RUVBL2. Here, we resolve the structure of the conserved C-terminal domain of RPAP3, and we show that it directly binds RUVBL1/RUVBL2 hexamers. The human genome encodes two other proteins bearing RPAP3-C-terminal-like domains and three containing PIH-like domains. Systematic interaction analyses show that one RPAP3-like protein, SPAG1, binds PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 to form an R2TP-like complex termed R2SP. This co-chaperone is enriched in testis and among 68 of the potential clients identified, some are expressed in testis and others are ubiquitous. One substrate is liprin-α2, which organizes large signaling complexes. Remarkably, R2SP is required for liprin-α2 expression and for the assembly of liprin-α2 complexes, indicating that R2SP functions in quaternary protein folding. Effects are stronger at 32 °C, suggesting that R2SP could help compensating the lower temperate of testis.
Pathway crosstalk enables cells to interpret TGF-β duration
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Tian Xiao-Jun , Chen Yi-Jiun , Wang Weikang , Watkins Simon , Xing Jianhua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe detection and transmission of the temporal quality of intracellular and extracellular signals is an essential cellular mechanism. It remains largely unexplored how cells interpret the duration information of a stimulus. In this paper, we performed an integrated quantitative and computational analysis on TGF-β induced activation of SNAIL1, a key transcription factor that regulates several subsequent cell fate decisions such as apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We demonstrate that crosstalk among multiple TGF-β activated pathways forms a relay from SMAD to GLI1 that initializes and maintains SNAILl expression, respectively. SNAIL1 functions as a key integrator of information from TGF-β signaling distributed through upstream divergent pathways. The intertwined network serves as a temporal checkpoint, so that cells can generate a transient or sustained expression of SNAIL1 depending on TGF-β duration. Furthermore, we observed that TGF-β treatment leads to an unexpected accumulation of GSK3 molecules in an enzymatically active tyrosine phosphorylation form in Golgi apparatus and ER, followed by accumulation of GSK3 molecules in an enzymatically inhibitive serine phosphorylation in the nucleus. Subsequent model analysis and inhibition experiments revealed that the initial localized increase of GSK3 enzymatic activity couples to the positive feedback loop of the substrate Gli1 to form a network motif with multi-objective functions. That is, the motif is robust against stochastic fluctuations, and has a narrow distribution of response time that is insensitive to initial conditions. Specifically for TGF-β signaling, the motif ensures a smooth relay from SMAD to GLI1 on regulating SNAIL1 expression.
Gravity modeling finds a large magma body in the deep crust below the Gulf of Naples, Italy
Authors: Fedi M. , Cella F. , D’Antonio M. , Florio G. , Paoletti V. , Morra V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe analyze a wide gravity low in the Campania Active Volcanic Area and interpret it by a large and deep source distribution of partially molten, low-density material from about 8 to 30 km depth. Given the complex spatial-temporal distribution of explosive volcanism in the area, we model the gravity data consistently with several volcanological and petrological constraints. We propose two possible models: one accounts for the coexistence, within the lower/intermediate crust, of large amounts of melts and cumulates besides country rocks. It implies a layered distribution of densities and, thus, a variation with depth of percentages of silicate liquids, cumulates and country rocks. The other reflects a fractal density distribution, based on the scaling exponent estimated from the gravity data. According to this model, the gravity low would be related to a distribution of melt pockets within solid rocks. Both density distributions account for the available volcanological and seismic constraints and can be considered as end-members of possible models compatible with gravity data. Such results agree with the general views about the roots of large areas of ignimbritic volcanism worldwide. Given the prolonged history of magmatism in the Campania area since Pliocene times, we interpret the detected low-density body as a developing batholith.
Mitophagy is required for brown adipose tissue mitochondrial homeostasis during cold challenge
Authors: Lu Yuan , Fujioka Hisashi , Joshi Dinesh , Li Qiaoyuan , Sangwung Panjamaporn , Hsieh Paishiun , Zhu Jiyun , Torio Jose , Sweet David , Wang Lan , Chiu Shing Yan , Croniger Colleen , Liao Xudong , Jain Mukesh K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized thermogenic organ in mammals. The ability of BAT mitochondria to generate heat in response to cold-challenge to maintain core body temperature is essential for organismal survival. While cold activated BAT mitochondrial biogenesis is recognized as critical for thermogenic adaptation, the contribution of mitochondrial quality control to this process remains unclear. Here, we show mitophagy is required for brown adipocyte mitochondrial homeostasis during thermogenic adaptation. Mitophagy is significantly increased in BAT from cold-challenged mice (4 °C) and in β-agonist treated brown adipocytes. Blockade of mitophagy compromises brown adipocytes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OX-PHOS) capacity, as well as BAT mitochondrial integrity. Mechanistically, cold-challenge induction of BAT mitophagy is UCP1-dependent. Furthermore, our results indicate that mitophagy coordinates with mitochondrial biogenesis, maintaining activated BAT mitochondrial homeostasis. Collectively, our in vivo and in vitro findings identify mitophagy as critical for brown adipocyte mitochondrial homeostasis during cold adaptation.
Porcine Neonatal Pancreatic Cell Clusters Maintain Their Multipotency in Culture and After Transplantation
Authors: Li Wan-Chun , Chen Chen-Yi , Kao Chen-Wei , Huang Pei-Chun , Hsieh Yi-Ta , Kuo Tz-Yu , Chen Tsai-Ying , Chia Hao-Yuan , Juang Jyuhn-Huarng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuctal epithelium is primarily detected in porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs) bearing grafts, suggesting that transplants might exhibit progenitor-like phenotypes. Here we found that soon after NPCC isolation, PDX1+/insulin− and SOX9+ pancreatic progenitor-like cells dramatically increased while dual-hormonal progenitor-like cells were routinely observed in NPCC culture. After transplantation (Tx), insulin+ cells increased and PDX1+ and SOX9+ cells gradually decreased in both non-diabetic (NDM) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DM) grafts over 2 months. Strikingly, a significantly higher percentage of insulin+ cells were detected in 9-day and 16-day, but not in 23-day, 30-day and 60-day grafts implying that hyperglycemia could only facilitate NPCC-derived β cells early post-Tx. A higher percentage of NPCC-derived β cells in early DM grafts was determined via an enhanced neogenic differentiation based on the detection of insulin+ cells budding out from PDX1+/SOX9+ epithelium. Interestingly, a drop in SOX9+ progenitor-like cells was detected 16 days post-Tx in DM grafts whilst PDX1+ cells do not show a significant difference until 60 days post-Tx between DM and NDM grafts, demonstrating that distinct progenitor-like populations fuel new β cells post-Tx. In conclusion, PDX1+/SOX9+ cells could be quickly activated after NPCC isolation, maintain their multipotency in culture and differentiate into new β cell post-Tx.
The feasibility and stability of large complex biological networks: a random matrix approach
Authors: Stone Lewi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the 70’s, Robert May demonstrated that complexity creates instability in generic models of ecological networks having random interaction matrices A. Similar random matrix models have since been applied in many disciplines. Central to assessing stability is the “circular law” since it describes the eigenvalue distribution for an important class of random matrices A. However, despite widespread adoption, the “circular law” does not apply for ecological systems in which density-dependence operates (i.e., where a species growth is determined by its density). Instead one needs to study the far more complicated eigenvalue distribution of the community matrix S = DA, where D is a diagonal matrix of population equilibrium values. Here we obtain this eigenvalue distribution. We show that if the random matrix A is locally stable, the community matrix S = DA will also be locally stable, providing the system is feasible (i.e., all species have positive equilibria D > 0). This helps explain why, unusually, nearly all feasible systems studied here are locally stable. Large complex systems may thus be even more fragile than May predicted, given the difficulty of assembling a feasible system. It was also found that the degree of stability, or resilience of a system, depended on the minimum equilibrium population.
Antibody-mediated stabilization of NRG1 induces behavioral and electrophysiological alterations in adult mice
Authors: Dominguez Sara L. , Hegde Ganapati V. , Hanson Jesse E. , Xiang Hong , Mandikian Danielle , Boswell C. Andrew , Chiu Cecilia , Wu Yan , Tsai Siao Ping , Fleck Daniel , Weber Martin , Ngu Hai , Scearce-Levie Kimberly , Jackson Erica L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeuregulin 1 (NRG1) is required for development of the central and peripheral nervous system and regulates neurotransmission in the adult. NRG1 and the gene encoding its receptor, ERBB4, are risk genes for schizophrenia, although how alterations in these genes disrupt their function has not been fully established. Studies of knockout and transgenic mice have yielded conflicting results, with both gain and loss of function resulting in similar behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes. Here, we used high affinity antibodies to NRG1 and ErbB4 to perturb the function of the endogenous proteins in adult mice. Treatment with NRG1 antibodies that block receptor binding caused behavioral alterations associated with schizophrenia, including, hyper-locomotion and impaired pre-pulse inhibition of startle (PPI). Electrophysiological analysis of brain slices from anti-NRG1 treated mice revealed reduced synaptic transmission and enhanced paired-pulse facilitation. In contrast, mice treated with more potent ErbB4 function blocking antibodies did not display behavioral alterations, suggesting a receptor independent mechanism of the anti-NRG1-induced phenotypes. We demonstrate that anti-NRG1 causes accumulation of the full-length transmembrane protein and increases phospho-cofilin levels, which has previously been linked to impaired synaptic transmission, indicating enhancement of non-canonical NRG1 signaling could mediate the CNS effects.
A Novel Geometry-Based Approach to Infer Protein Interface Similarity
Authors: Budowski-Tal Inbal , Kolodny Rachel , Mandel-Gutfreund Yael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe protein interface is key to understand protein function, providing a vital insight on how proteins interact with each other and with other molecules. Over the years, many computational methods to compare protein structures were developed, yet evaluating interface similarity remains a very difficult task. Here, we present PatchBag – a geometry based method for efficient comparison of protein surfaces and interfaces. PatchBag is a Bag-Of-Words approach, which represents complex objects as vectors, enabling to search interface similarity in a highly efficient manner. Using a novel framework for evaluating interface similarity, we show that PatchBag performance is comparable to state-of-the-art alignment-based structural comparison methods. The great advantage of PatchBag is that it does not rely on sequence or fold information, thus enabling to detect similarities between interfaces in unrelated proteins. We propose that PatchBag can contribute to reveal novel evolutionary and functional relationships between protein interfaces.
Compromised microvascular oxygen delivery increases brain tissue vulnerability with age
Authors: Moeini Mohammad , Lu Xuecong , Avti Pramod K. , Damseh Rafat , Bélanger Samuel , Picard Frédéric , Boas David , Kakkar Ashok , Lesage Frédéric 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite the possible role of impaired cerebral tissue oxygenation in age-related cognition decline, much is still unknown about the changes in brain tissue pO2 with age. Using a detailed investigation of the age-related changes in cerebral tissue oxygenation in the barrel cortex of healthy, awake aged mice, we demonstrate decreased arteriolar and tissue pO2 with age. These changes are exacerbated after middle-age. We further uncovered evidence of the presence of hypoxic micro-pockets in the cortex of awake old mice. Our data suggests that from young to middle-age, a well-regulated capillary oxygen supply maintains the oxygen availability in cerebral tissue, despite decreased tissue pO2 next to arterioles. After middle-age, due to decreased hematocrit, reduced capillary density and higher capillary transit time heterogeneity, the capillary network fails to compensate for larger decreases in arterial pO2. The substantial decrease in brain tissue pO2, and the presence of hypoxic micro-pockets after middle-age are of significant importance, as these factors may be related to cognitive decline in elderly people.
Effect of religion on hypertension in adult Buddhists and residents in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Meng Qingtao , Xu Ying , Shi Rufeng , Zhang Xin , Wang Si , Liu Kai , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCorrelation between religion and hypertension is worth investigating since they both influence many people. Compared to studies which quantify religion with indicators representing only restricted dimensions of religion, researches assessing religion as an integral is preferable while lacking. Moreover, religious behaviors have great potential to be generalized if they are proved to be mediator through which religion exerts effect. However, relevant evidence is limited. Therefore, this cross-sectional study recruited 1384 adult Tibetan Buddhists from two Buddhist institutes in the Sichuan Province of China, and enrolled 798 adult Tibetan residents from nearby villages/towns. Each participant received a questionnaire, physical examination, and blood biochemistry tests. Buddhist effect on hypertension was investigated. The effects of uniquely Buddhist behaviors on hypertension were analyzed. The hypertensive risk of the Tibetan Buddhists is significantly decreased by 38% than Tibetan residents. As a Buddhist behavior, vegetarian diet highly approximates to be protective for Tibetan hypertension. As another Buddhist behavior, longer Buddhist activity participation time is associated with decreased prevalence of hypertension as well as lower blood pressure (BP) by analyzing subgroup of 570 Buddhists. Therefore, the protective role of religion on hypertension is suggested, and the religious behaviors are mediators which may be applied to general population.
Plastische Hautdeckung der Shuntvene
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungHautdefekte über einer Shuntvene lassen sich insbesondere bei der Revision von Infekten und Nekrosen nicht immer vermeiden. Die Shuntvene muss aber immer am Ende
jeder Revision komplett mit Haut und Subkutis bedeckt sein, wenn erforderlich auch mit Einsatz plastisch-chirurgischer Techniken.
Granularzelltumor der Lunge – eine bronchoskopische Blickdiagnose?
Authors: Keymel S. , Büter S. , Krüger S. 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungEin 38-jähriger Patient wurde aufgrund einer zunehmenden Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustandes und einer Kachexie stationär aufgenommen. Bildmorphologisch ergab sich bei einschmelzenden Rundherden und einer kavernösen Formation der Verdacht auf eine Mykobakteriose, sodass die Indikation zu einer Bronchoskopie gestellt wurde. In der Bronchoskopie gelang tatsächlich der Nachweis einer nicht tuberkulösen Mykobakteriose. Als Zufallsbefund zeigte sich im Mittellappenbronchus eine weißliche polypöse Schleimhautveränderung. Histologisch war ein Granularzelltumor (GZT) nachweisbar. Der GZT ist ein seltener Tumor, der an verschiedenen anatomischen Lokalisationen auftreten kann. In der Lunge kann er klinisch durch eine bronchiale Obstruktion manifest werden, bildgebend als Rundherd oder Infiltrat bzw. Atelektase oder als Zufallsbefund in einer Bronchoskopie auffallen. Therapie der 1. Wahl ist die chirurgische Entfernung.