bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yet another structured mesh generator for screw machines simulation
Authors: Ji Y , Möller M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High-quality structured mesh generation is essential for the numerical simulation and design optimization of screw machines, particularly rotary twin-screw compressors used in high-pressure gas production. Existing meshing techniques often struggle to accurately capture their intricate geometries, limiting their application potential. This paper proposes a novel Isogeometric Analysis (IGA)-based mesh generation approach specifically tailored for twin-screw compressors. Our method leverages high-order B-spline parameterizations derived from boundary representations to enable efficient and precise mesh generation. A novel boundary correspondence technique using Schwarz-Christoffel mapping is introduced to further enhance mesh quality and preserve critical profile features. Additionally, we integrate elliptic grid generation techniques within the IGA framework, combined with a block-diagonal Jacobian-preconditioned Anderson acceleration algorithm, to efficiently solve the associated nonlinear systems. This approach, built upon the open source Geometry + Simulation Modules (G+Smo) library, demonstrates its effectiveness in generating high-quality structured meshes that meet stringent requirements for screw machine simulations, providing a viable alternative for design optimization.
Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis
Authors: Hocaoglu Mehmet , Jaros Brian , Dua Anisha B. , Sattui Sebastian E. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
Ongoing research contributes to our understanding of the epidemiology of vasculitis and its outcomes across the globe. This review aims to summarize important research studies published on this topic in the last 18 months.

Recent findings
The implementation of rapid referral systems and use of large vessel imaging have improved the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. A population-based study in immunoglobulin G4-related disease provides incidence and prevalence estimates for the United States for the first time. Recently published data supported viral infectious triggers for Kawasaki disease and immunoglobulin A vasculitis. Population studies in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis report an increase in the incidence of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and have provided further insights into the burden of cardiovascular disease in these patients. Data on Behçet's disease continues to show increased all-cause mortality and need for better treatment strategies.

Summary
Recent literature highlights the heterogeneity of the epidemiology of vasculitis in different parts of the world as well as associated outcomes, comorbidities, and potential triggers. Thought new classification criteria are being employed in some forms of vasculitis, standardization of case identification remains an unmet need in multiple other forms of vasculitis.
The Effect of Earplugs and Eye Masks on the Melatonin and Cortisol Levels of Patients Hospitalized in Cardiac Critical Care Units
Authors: Noroziani Saeideh I. , Esmaeili Maryam , Cheraghi Mohammad A. 
Published: December 2024

To determine the effectiveness of using earplugs and eye masks on the melatonin and cortisol levels of patients hospitalized in cardiac critical care units (CCUs). The research population of this study included all patients with acute coronary syndrome hospitalized in the CCU of Shahid Rajaei Hospital affiliated with to Alborz University of Medical Sciences. A total of 60 patients were selected by the available sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and then were divided into 2 control and intervention groups by block randomization method with blocks of 4 (n = 30 in the intervention group, and n = 30 in the control group). Patients in the intervention groups used blindfolds and earmuffs during the night sleep for 3 nights, but patients in the control group received the routine care. Cortisol and melatonin levels of both groups were measured at 8 am, using the urine samples. The findings of the 2 groups were compared and statistically analyzed by SPSS software version 16. The findings showed no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of demographic characteristics and clinical variables. The intervention had no effect on the cortisol level of patients in the intervention group (P = .24). After the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the control and intervention groups in terms of the melatonin level in the nocturnal urine (P ≤ .001). A statistically significant difference was also observed between the 2 groups in terms of the time taken for patients to fall asleep (P ≤ .001) and the number of times waking up at night (P ≤ .001). The use of earplugs and eye masks had no impact on the level of cortisol hormone, but it affected the level of melatonin hormone and the sleep quality of patients hospitalized in the CCU.
Effect of Implementing Respiratory Care Unit Ventilator Weaning Assessment Checklist on Weaning and Extubation Outcomes
Authors: Ahmed Salwa Hassan , Mehany Mogedda Mohamed , Kamel Emad Zarief , Mahgoub Asmaa Aly 
Published: December 2024

Background: Approximately 48% of patients with chronic respiratory disorders experience post-extubation respiratory failure necessitating noninvasive respiratory support or reintubation, which is linked to higher morbidity and mortality. So, it is necessary to determine patients’ preparedness for weaning and extubation. Objectives: To examine the effect of implementing respiratory care unit (RCC) ventilator weaning assessment checklist on weaning and extubation outcomes. Methods: Randomized controlled trial, carried out in 70 patients receiving mechanical ventilation from January 2023 to September 2023 at the respiratory intensive care units at Assiut University Hospital, Egypt. Patients were randomly assigned to a study and a usual care group, with 35 patients for each group. The usual care group weaned using the routine method, while the study group weaned using (RCC) ventilator weaning assessment checklist; the 2 groups were compared concerning weaning and extubation outcomes. Results: Compared to the usual care group, the study group’s weaning success rate was significantly higher than that of the usual care group (88.6% vs 51.4%; P = .008), and extubation failure rate was significantly lower (17.1% vs 45.7%; P = .010). Conclusions: Using RCC ventilator weaning assessment checklist improving weaning and extubation outcomes.
Assessment of the Roles of Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Younis Mohammad Bani 
Published: December 2024

Critical care nursing is considered one of the most challenging and demanding fields in nursing. Critical care nurses work in high-stress environments, tending to patients who are experiencing acute illness and necessitate intensive care. Nurses play a crucial role in providing nursing care for critically ill patients, encompassing duties such as assessment, administration of medications, ventilator management, diligent monitoring, and responding to life-saving situations. Despite the significance of their contributions, there are limited assessment tools used to assess critical care nurses’ perceptions about their roles and responsibilities in intensive care units (ICU). The main aim of this study was to develop a tool to assess the critical care nurses’ knowledge, awareness, and perception of their roles and responsibilities in the critical care units. The researcher developed the Critical Care Nurses’ Roles and Responsibilities Assessment Tool. Subsequently, the tool underwent content validity assessment by five nursing experts, resulting in a final tool with 17 Likert-scale items. The scores ranged from 17 to 85, with intervals indicating varying levels of awareness. To assess the nurses’ perception of the roles and responsibilities identified in the tool, a study was conducted on 120 registered nurses working in the ICU units across 9 governmental hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected through an online questionnaire covering demographical data and the roles and responsibilities of critical care nurses in the ICU. The collected data were subjected to quantitative analysis using appropriate statistical methods. Regarding the results among the experts, the content validity index (CVI) of the tool was 0.93. Among the participants, Cronbach alpha was measured to assess the reliability and internal consistency of the tool and the result was 0.912. Regarding the nurses’ perception, a small percentage of participants, specifically (9%), demonstrated a moderate level of agreement with the roles and responsibilities mentioned in the tool (mean of scores = 40 – 63). Conversely, a substantial majority of participants (91%), exhibited a high level of agreement (mean of scores = 64 – 85). In conclusion, the results of this study revealed a powerful and reliable tool that has earned widespread acclaim among experts and participants alike.
Unraveling bidirectional evolution of unstable mitochondrial DNA mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma at single-cell resolution
Authors: Zhou Kaixiang , Wang Zhenni , Guo Wenjie , Xie Fanfan , Yuan Qing , Guo Shanshan , Zhang Huanqin , Liu Yang , Gu Xiwen , Song Wenjie , Guo Xu , Xing Jinliang 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:
Somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are abundant in HCC and directly affect metabolic homeostasis and tumor progression. The mixed population of mutant and wild-type mtDNA alleles within a cell, termed heteroplasmy, can vary from cell-to-cell and orchestrate tumorigenesis. However, the systematic evolutionary dynamics of somatic mtDNA mutations in HCC tissues remain to be delineated at single-cell resolution.

Approach and Results:
We established the single-cell capture-based mtDNA sequencing approach for accurately detecting somatic mtDNA mutations at single-cell resolution. Based on single-cell capture-based mtDNA sequencing, the single-cell somatic mtDNA mutational landscape, intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), and spatiotemporal clonal evolution were systematically investigated in 1641 single cells from 11 patients with HCC and 528 single cells from 2 patient-derived xenografts mouse models. Our data revealed the presence of 2 distinct categories of mtDNA mutation at single-cell resolution, including stable mutations exhibiting similar heteroplasmy levels and unstable mutations exhibiting remarkable cell-to-cell variability of heteroplasmy levels. Furthermore, the proportion of unstable mtDNA mutations was positively associated with the ITH of patients with HCC, with high ITH reflecting the proliferative and aggressive clinicopathological features of HCC cells. In addition, reconstruction of the evolutionary history classified HCC evolution patterns as linear or branched. Notably, spatiotemporal lineage tracing in patient-derived xenograft mouse models and multifocal lesions revealed bidirectional evolution of unstable mtDNA mutations during HCC progression.

Conclusions:
Our study unravels the landscape of single-cell somatic mtDNA mutations in HCC tissues and reveals the bidirectional evolution of unstable mtDNA mutations, with potential implications for HCC stratification and therapeutic intervention.
Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of the Full-thickness Macular Hole Without Focal Vitreomacular Traction: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Akai Ryota , Inoue Rikuto , Kogo Jiro , Fukushima Masaki , Kato Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Atsushi , Iwase Takeshi 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This study investigated the clinical features and surgical outcomes of full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) without focal vitreomacular traction (VMT) and discusses possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study included patients aged 18 years or older with stage 2 FTMHs who underwent pars plana vitrectomy at three hospitals between December 2016 and March 2024. Patients diagnosed without focal VMT in the macula were classified as VMT– and those with focal VMT were classified as VMT+. Medical records and comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography assessments, were reviewed.

Results:
This study analyzed 94 eyes that underwent surgery for stage 2 MHs. Patients in the VMT– were younger (VMT– vs VMT+: 63.6 vs 69.1 years, P = 0.008), had a longer axial length (AL) (25.2 vs 24.0 mm, P = 0.004), and had better preoperative BCVA [0.41 (20/43) vs 0.66 (20/74) logMAR, P = 0.002 ] compared with the VMT+. The VMT– had a higher prevalence of epiretinal proliferation (EP) compared with the VMT+ (76 vs 5 %, P<0.001). Postoperatively, no significant difference in visual outcomes was found between the two groups . VMT– showed significantly thicker central retinal thickness at 1 month (244 vs 201 μm, P = 0.021) and poorer external limiting membrane status at 1 month compared with the VMT+.

Conclusions:
FTMHs without focal VMT were associated with younger age, longer AL, better baseline visual acuity, and a higher incidence of EP compared with FTMHs with VMT.
Mental Health Care Needs and Access to Care for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Frazier Jean A. , Hanratty Laura , Weinstock Amy K. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at greater risk for psychiatric disorders than the general population. Yet, they have limited access to mental health services.

Objectives:
To examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with ID. To describe evidence-based interventions for this population, their access to mental health care, and outline opportunities for improved access.

Design:
This manuscript summarizes literature regarding psychiatric disorders in adults with ID and their access to behavioral health care. We considered articles referencing mental health care for adults with ID. PubMed and a variety of search terms were used. Studies published in English from 2010 to the date of the searches were included. Quantitative and qualitative study designs, review articles, program descriptions, and opinion papers were considered for inclusion. Additional references from the selected articles were also considered.

Results:
We identified 2864 records. One hundred two records were included, consisting of work commenting on mental health and ID and access to care in the United States. The articles describe increased psychiatric comorbidities in adults with ID. They highlight the few evidence-based interventions for psychiatric comorbidities and the limited access to care.

Conclusions:
Our mental health care providers generally have minimal training and experience with people with ID, limiting access to appropriate care for these individuals. Improved access could be created by increasing education and experiences with these populations for mental health providers. Aligning policies, financing, and adequate insurance reimbursement to develop a continuum of care will be critical for these individuals.
Dual organ transplantation: Pancreas and Liver in the kidney axis
Authors: Alotaibi Manal E. , Kant Sam 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
This article explores the benefits and challenges of dual organ transplants.

Recent findings
Simultaneous liver-kidney transplant has become a valuable option for patients with both liver and kidney failure, especially since the introduction of clearer eligibility guidelines in 2017. When done for the appropriate candidate, it can significantly improve survival and quality of life. Similarly, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation provides significant advantages for patients with diabetes-related kidney failure by addressing both glycemic control and kidney function, with significant improvement in diabetes associated complications and survival.

Summary
While these procedures are complex, they offer promising solutions for managing difficult multiorgan conditions. Ongoing research and personalized patient care will be key to maximizing their benefits.
Suicide Prevention and Telehealth in Children's Hospital Emergency Departments
Authors: Doupnik Stephanie K. , Bowden Cadence F. , Worsley Diana , Keating Cameron , Cassidy Kyla , Foster Ashley A. , Quarshie William , Min Jungwon , Meisel Zachary , Marcus Steven C. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents. Emergency department (ED) visits for mental health concerns are rising, and telehealth is increasingly used to provide emergency mental health care. We conducted a national survey to describe suicide prevention practices and tele-mental health care in children's hospital EDs.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of leaders at all 52 US EDs affiliated with dedicated children's hospitals (ie, hospitals that provide care only to children) to describe use of tele-mental health care and suicide prevention practices.

Results
Leaders from 41 EDs completed the survey (79% response rate). Tele-mental health care was used in 23 EDs (56%); there were no differences in ED structural characteristics between institutions with telehealth versus without telehealth. Among responding EDs, 40 (98%) reported they screen for suicide risk, and 29 (71%) reported they use a standardized approach to suicide prevention discharge planning. Risk reduction practices conducted at many but not all EDs included assessment of access to lethal means (n = 31, 86%), counseling on reduction of access to lethal means (n = 30, 73%) and providing patients with a list of professionals or agencies that they can contact in a crisis (n = 35, 85%). There were no differences in use of suicide prevention practices at EDs with versus without telehealth (P > 0.1 for all).

Conclusions
Approximately half of children's hospital EDs use tele-mental health care, and hospitals with versus without tele-mental health care report similar rates of suicide prevention practice use. Opportunities exist to increase use of discharge safety practices.
Multisite pain is longitudinally associated with an increased risk of fall among older adults with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Alenazi Aqeel M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine the association between baseline multisite pain (two and three or more sites) and longitudinal risk of fall and recurrent falls among older adults with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Design
This prospective longitudinal cohort study included older adults with or at risk of knee OA. Fall, including the history of falls, number of falls, and recurrent falls, were assessed at baseline and during six follow-up visits at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 months. Multisite pain was categorized into the following four categories: no pain, 1-site, 2-sites, ≥3-sites.

Results
This study included 2585 older adults. Baseline 2-sites (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.50, p = 0.018) and ≥ 3-sites (OR 1.89, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased risk of fall over time compared to no pain sites. Baseline 2-sites (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] 1.44, p = 0.024) and ≥ 3-sites (IRR 1.73, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with an increased number of falls over time. Only ≥3-sites were associated with the recurrent falls (OR 2.16, p = 0.003).

Conclusions: Baseline multisite pain (≥3-sites) was longitudinally associated with increased fall incidence, number of falls, and recurrent falls over seven years of follow-up.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Radiofrequency Ablation for Morton's Neuroma: Outcomes and Predictors of Success
Authors: Llombart Rafael , Mariscal Gonzalo , Benlloch María , Barrios Carlos , Llombart-Ais Rafael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Morton's neuroma presents a challenge in terms of pain management. This study aimed to evaluate the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for Morton's neuroma.

Design
PRISMA guidelines were followed. Prospective clinical trials, cohort studies, and case series were also included. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4. Meta-analysis applied fixed- or random-effects models depending on the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the effects of temperature, radiofrequency cycles, and imaging guidance.

Results
Eight studies (n = 237) were included. Significant pain reduction was observed at the final follow-up (MD5.74, 95%CI 5.58, 5.90). At the final follow-up, 47.57% (95%CI 25.13%-70.00%) experienced complete pain relief, while 16.40% (95%CI 11.86%-20.94%) reported no benefit at final follow-up. Sensitivity analyses found higher temperature settings (≥85 °C) conferred greater relief on VAS (MD-6.97, 95%CI -6.75 to -7.18) compared to temperatures <85 °C (MD-3.94, 95%CI -3.68 to -4.19). Fewer radiofrequency cycles (≤3) also demonstrated significantly greater VAS improvement (MD-6.97, 95%CI -6.75 to -7.18) versus >3 cycles (MD-4.79, 95%CI -3.02 to -6.57). Complications were minimal (2.1%), and most resolved without significant interventions.

Conclusion
Radiofrequency ablation, particularly at specific temperatures and cycle thresholds, is effective and safe for the management of Morton’s neuroma.
Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Primary Motor Cortex Potentiates Improvement of Neurological but not Upper Limb Motor Functions in Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Routine Physical Therapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial
Authors: Balikshahi Niloufar , Ramezani Sara , Eghbali Babak Bakhshayesh , Hosseininezhad Mozaffar , Ezzati Kamran , Atefi Amirhomayoun , Yazdanipour Mohammad Ali , Herfeh Sina Sedaghat , Chobe Mohammad Shabani , Chobe Masoud Shabani 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the therapeutic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with routine physiotherapy on the neurological and upper limb motor function in ischemic stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Methods
In a Randomized double-blind controlled trial study, 52 eligible stroke patients were assigned to real tDCS receiving bihemispheric electrical current with 1.5 mA for 30 minutes over the primary motor cortex, and sham tDCS with a current intensity of 0.5 mA for 30 seconds. Both groups received routine physiotherapy, 5 sessions per week for two weeks. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Medical Research Council Scale for Muscle Strength were used to assess the neurological and upper limb motor functions, respectively.

Results
Both therapeutic approaches begot a significant improvement in upper limb motor function and neurological impairment at the last session of therapy and follow-up study. However, the treatment-induced neurological amelioration at the last session of therapy in real tDCS was significantly more than sham, especially in those identified as female and under 60 years old.

Conclusions
A gender and age-specific protocol of real tDCS combined with routine physiotherapy might be beneficial to improve neurological impairment but not upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke.