bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar energetic particles in the inner heliosphere: status and open questions
Authors: Anastasiadis Anastasios , Lario David , Papaioannou Athanasios , Kouloumvakos Athanasios , Vourlidas Angelos 
Published: May 2019

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are related to both solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and they present energy spectra that span from a few keV up to several GeV. A wealth of observations from widely distributed spacecraft have revealed that SEPs fill very broad regions of the heliosphere, often all around the Sun. High-energy SEPs can sometimes be energetic enough to penetrate all the way down to the surface of the Earth and thus be recorded on the ground as ground level enhancements (GLEs). The conditions of the radiation environment are currently unpredictable due to an as-yet incomplete understanding of solar eruptions and their corresponding relation to SEP events. This is because the complex nature and the interplay of the injection, acceleration and transport processes undergone by the SEPs in the solar corona and the interplanetary space prevent us from establishing an accurate understanding (based on observations and modelling). In this work, we review the current status of knowledge on SEPs, focusing on GLEs and multi-spacecraft events. We extensively discuss the forecasting and nowcasting efforts of SEPs, dividing these into three categories. Finally, we report on the current open questions and the possible direction of future research efforts.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Solar eruptions and their space weather impact’.
Understanding the ionosphere thermosphere response to solar and magnetospheric drivers: status, challenges and open issues
Authors: Sarris Theodore E. 
Published: May 2019

The ionosphere and thermosphere (IT) constitutes a coupled, complex and dynamical electromagnetic and photochemical system, which is sensitive to a combination of external factors: particle precipitation and electrical currents from the Earth's magnetosphere and incoming solar radiation produce dramatic effects in the IT and significantly alter its energetics, dynamics and chemistry in a way that is not well understood. This sensitivity of the IT to external factors results in large, yet often unpredictable changes in many of the variables in the IT, such as in its density, temperature, neutral and ion winds, total electron content, neutral and ion composition, electric fields, currents and conductivities. External forcing of the IT system varies over different time-scales, such as solar cycle (11-year), inter-annual (e.g. quasi-biennial), seasonal and diurnal; on top of these, geomagnetic disturbances caused by solar storms and substorms can lead to abrupt reconfigurations of the magnetospheric field-aligned and horizontal currents, setting a number of electrodynamics processes in motion. The overlapping physical and chemical phenomena occur at a range of temporal and spatial scales that are highly difficult to understand as a whole. The importance of the behaviour of this region to multiple issues related to aerospace technology, such as orbital calculations, vehicle re-entry, space debris lifetime, etc., and its potential threats to modern, technology-dependent society via geomagnetically induced currents and ionospheric scintillation of Global Navigation Satellite System signals, dictate that a more detailed understanding and accurate modelling are urgently needed. In this paper, we review the status of characterization and some of the key open issues and challenges of the IT, focusing on measurement gaps in this region as well as areas of largest discrepancies between models and data.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Solar eruptions and their space weather impact’.
Introduction to the physics of solar eruptions and their space weather impact
Authors: Archontis Vasilis , Vlahos Loukas 
Published: May 2019

The physical processes, which drive powerful solar eruptions, play an important role in our understanding of the Sun–Earth connection. In this Special Issue, we firstly discuss how magnetic fields emerge from the solar interior to the solar surface, to build up active regions, which commonly host large-scale coronal disturbances, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Then, we discuss the physical processes associated with the driving and triggering of these eruptions, the propagation of the large-scale magnetic disturbances through interplanetary space and the interaction of CMEs with Earth's magnetic field. The acceleration mechanisms for the solar energetic particles related to explosive phenomena (e.g. flares and/or CMEs) in the solar corona are also discussed. The main aim of this Issue, therefore, is to encapsulate the present state-of-the-art in research related to the genesis of solar eruptions and their space-weather implications.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Solar eruptions and their space weather impact’.
The regenerating skeletal muscle niche guides muscle stem cell self-renewal
Authors: Cutler Alicia A. , Pawlikowski Bradley , Wheeler Joshua R. , Betta Nicole Dalla , Elston Tiffany , O’Rourke Rebecca , Jones Kenneth , Olwin Bradley B. 
Published: May 2019

SummarySkeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for muscle regeneration and maintenance. While MuSCs typically are quiescent and reside in an asymmetric niche between the basal lamina and myofiber membrane: to repair or maintain muscle, MuSCs activate, proliferate and differentiate to repair injured tissue, and self-renew to replenish MuSCs. Little is known about the timing of MuSC self-renewal during muscle regeneration and the cellular processes that direct MuSC self-renewal fate decisions. Using DNA-based lineage tracing, we find that during muscle regeneration most MuSCs self-renew from 5-7 days post-injury, following fusion of myogenic cells to regenerate myofibers. Single cell sequencing of the myogenic cells in regenerating muscle reveals that non-cell autonomous signaling networks regulate MuSC self-renewal allowing identification of asymmetrically distributed proteins in self-renewing MuSCs. Cell transplantation experiments verified that the regenerating environment signals MuSC self-renewal. Our results define the critical window for MuSC self-renewal emphasizing the temporal contribution of the regenerative muscle environment on MuSC fate, establishing a new paradigm for restoring the MuSC pool during muscle regeneration.
Continuance use intention with mobile augmented reality games
Authors: Jang Seongsoo , Liu Yi 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
As mobile augmented reality (AR) games enter the maturity stage, understanding how to improve players’ continuance use intention with mobile AR games is critical. Drawing upon the uses and gratifications (U&G) theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of four major gratifications – content, process, social and technology – and other factors on continuance intention to play mobile AR games.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collected from 280 Pokémon Go players were used to address research questions. Partial least squares method was employed to assess the relationships in the model and multigroup analysis was conducted based on survey participants’ demographics and their gaming experience.

Findings
Content gratification (i.e. catching Pokémon), process gratification (i.e. entertainment), game knowledge and achievement drive players’ continuance use intention. However, social and technology gratifications do not influence players’ continuance use intention. Multigroup analysis suggests that mobile AR game developers should capitalize on the fact that different types of gratifications prompt continuance use intention of different user segments in terms of demographics and experience in general mobile games and Pokémon Go.

Originality/value
The user behavior of mobile AR games has been studied at the early stage of the games, with less attention to variable continuance use intentions across different user segments. This paper attempts to fill the gap by extending the U&G theory to continuance use intention of mobile AR games at the maturity stage and further investigating the importance of player heterogeneity in continuance use intention with mobile AR games. The findings of this study contribute to the literature on U&G, continuance use intention and mobile AR games.
Leveraging procurement-related knowledge through a fuzzy-based DSS: a refinement of purchasing portfolio models
Authors: Aloini Davide , Dulmin Riccardo , Mininno Valeria , Zerbino Pierluigi 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to model a decision support system (DSS) that could overcome the oversimplified, subjective, compensatory decision logic of extant purchasing portfolio models (PPMs) by leveraging the firms’ procurement-related knowledge base.Design/methodology/approachThe DSS was developed through a fuzzy-based approach, whose design and application were framed within a case study in a multinational company.FindingsThe application of the fuzzy-based DSS to a product class suggests investing in the relationship with two specific suppliers and to loosen the relationship with a third one.Research limitations/implicationsExploiting the fuzzy set theory and fostering the elicitation of procurement-related knowledge from the decision-makers, the DSS effectively tackles the concerns about the existing PPMs by including strategic-oriented priorities and contextual constraints in the evaluation.Practical implicationsThe recommendations in output from the DSS are feasible, more analytical and easy to interpret, enabling knowledge sharing, group decision processes and better decision-making.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this manuscript is the first attempt to effectively integrate traditional PPMs with contextual, strategy-related factors to refine the purchasing directions and make them objective.
How location-based advertising elicits in-store purchase
Authors: Shieh Chih-Hui , Xu Yingzi , Ling I-Ling 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate how location-based advertising (LBA) elicits in-store purchase intention. To deepen the understanding of LBA’s effect on consumers’ purchase decision, the research examines the role of consumers’ time consciousness in click intention in pull or opt-out LBA approaches. The study also explores how consumers react to LBA with an asymmetric dominance decoy versus a compromise decoy message.Design/methodology/approachTwo field experiments were conducted, and a total of 363 volunteers within 3 km of a shopping mall participated. The participants were asked to turn on their global positioning system and then informed that a convenience store was planning to launch a mobile coupon subscription service. Data collected were analysed using analysis of variance, regression analysis, bootstrapping and spotlight tests.FindingsThe results demonstrate that consumers had a higher intention to click pull LBA than to click opt-out push LBA. Consumers with high time-consciousness had greater click intentions for pull LBA than for opt-out push LBA. Consumers with low time-consciousness, however, showed no difference in click intention for either LBA approach. Further, click intention mediates the effect of LBA on in-store purchase intention, and the asymmetric dominance decoy message is a more powerful strategy for LBA to increase the likelihood of in-store purchase.Originality/valueThis research provides insight into location-based services marketing by revealing how time-consciousness and decoy promotional messages affect consumers’ reaction to LBA and in-store purchase intentions. The findings offer practical suggestions for retailers on how to reach and engage with consumers more effectively through the use of LBA.
Does more sense make sense? An empirical test of high and low interactive retail technology
Authors: Riedel Aimee , Mulcahy Rory Francis 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into whether “more sense makes sense” when attempting to encourage consumers to purchase retail products using technology; that is, does engaging senses in addition to visual and aural senses, such as haptic touch, through interactive retail technology lead to an easier and more enjoyable consumption experience of retail products for consumers, while also enhancing service provider outcomes? To test this assumption (“more sense makes sense”), this study empirically examines whether differences are present in the consumer experience (usefulness, ease of use and customer-perceived value) and service provider outcomes (satisfaction and purchase intentions) across retail technologies with and without haptic touch enabled.

Design/methodology/approach
The study randomly allocated participants to either the haptic touch (haptic touch, visual and aural senses, n = 135) or no haptic touch (visual and aural senses only, n = 182) interactive retail technology condition. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Findings
The data provide support for the use of high-interactive technology achieved through the inclusion of haptic touch by showing it to provide a more visually appealing, easy to use, enjoyable and entertaining experience. However, the results also provide insight into boundaries of where the use of haptic touch does not significantly increase outcomes. Overall, the results suggest high-interactive retail technology using haptic touch provides a more entertaining experience for consumers, which leads to increased satisfaction with service providers, but this does not translate into a significant increase in purchase intentions.

Originality/value
This study examines the consumer and service provider benefits and limitations of using haptic touch in interactive retail technology. The effects of haptic touch for both the consumer and service provider have not previously been empirically examined thoroughly in a technological setting.
Blockchain, herding and trust in peer-to-peer lending
Authors: Gonzalez Laura 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The gradual implementation of blockchain technology in peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms facilitates safer, transparent and quick access to funds without having to deal with the more complex and costly processes of banks. Beyond that, the purpose of this paper is to examine trust-enhancing heuristics that show a need for blockchain to assist in monitoring and bad loan recovery.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines 909 lending decisions by 303 finance students on a mock P2P site. Each participant was asked to make three lending decisions. The loan applications were identical with the exception of a female or male photo (vs an icon) and reports of having raised half the loan in either 2 or 11 days (vs 7).

Findings
Investors who have experienced financial trauma are more likely to herd and lend higher amounts to loan applicants that are highly trusted by other lenders. This effect is more pronounced for male investors lending to highly trusted female loan applicants.

Practical implications
Blockchain can compensate for behavioral biases and improve monitoring by helping track digital money transactions and assisting in bad loan recovery efforts.

Originality/value
This study is the first behavioral experiment to examine herding in P2P lending. The findings complement and corroborate those by Gonzalez and Komarova (2014, 2015) and emphasize the need for blockchain to assist beyond trusted records and safe transfers of funds.
Enriching m-banking perceived value to achieve reuse intention
Authors: Prodanova Jana , Ciunova-Shuleska Anita , Palamidovska-Sterjadovska Nikolina 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to model the perceived value and customers’ intention to continue using m-banking services, assuming the existence of multiple consumption values. Specifically, it is proposed that entertainment (hedonic value), ubiquity (utilitarian value) and novelty seeking (epistemic value) impact m-banking overall perceived value, which in turn influences customers’ reuse intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey with 260 Macedonian current users of m-banking services was carried out, using questionnaires as a method of data collection. Five-point Likert scales adapted from the relevant literature to the context of m-banking services were used to measure the variables. PLS-SEM approach was employed to estimate the proposed model.

Findings
The findings indicate that bank entities can increase customers’ intention to reuse m-banking, by providing an enriched perceived value of m-banking services, precisely putting emphasis on perceived value drivers related to utilitarian value (ubiquity) and epistemic value (novelty seeking). Hedonic value (perceived entertainment) does not show a significant influence on the perception of m-banking value.

Originality/value
This study provides a different perspective of the perceived value observation, by contemplating not only the well-established hedonic and utilitarian aspects of value, but also the epistemic component, considered as a vital element in contexts of mobile technologies adoption. Moreover, this is the first study to explore the m-banking perceived value in a developing country in the Balkans.
Justice “cost points”
Authors: Harris Alexes , Smith Tyler , Obara Emmi 
Published: May 2019

Research SummaryIn addition to outsourcing the management of correctional facilities, many local and state authorities contract with private companies to provide a variety of services and processes within U.S. courthouses, jails, and prisons. In this article, we explore the various “cost points” at which individuals who make contact with public systems of justice are charged by private entities. We provide two case studies with an in‐depth look at how private companies make money within U.S. justice facilities—court‐ordered programs and prison services.Policy ImplicationsThrough our examples, we show the extent to which private companies generate profits within U.S. systems of justice and the potential impacts of justice “cost points” on those involved in these systems. We end by suggesting policy makers more thoroughly explore the reasons for the privatization of justice system practices and services and develop transparent oversight to ensure private arrangements do not impose undue burdens on justice‐involved individuals and their families.
Factors associated with sarcopenia and undernutrition in older adults
Authors: Sousa‐Santos Ana Rita , Afonso Cláudia , Borges Nuno , Santos Alejandro , Padrão Patrícia , Moreira Pedro , Amaral Teresa F. 
Published: May 2019

AimThe aim of this study was to describe sarcopenia frequency, to identify the factors associated with sarcopenia and undernutrition, and to evaluate their coexistence.MethodsA total of 1500 Portuguese older adults aged ≥65 years from the Nutrition UP 65 study were evaluated using a cross‐sectional analysis. Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP)2 guidelines (2018), using anthropometric measures. Undernutrition status was evaluated by Mini‐Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form.ResultsSarcopenia frequency was 4.4% (n = 66). Sarcopenia coexists with undernutrition or undernutrition risk in 1.5% of this sample. In the multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was directly associated with age >75 years (odds ratio (OR): 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–3.84), undernutrition or undernutrition risk (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.01–3.43) and inversely associated with male gender (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29–0.97), overweight (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.13–0.42) or obesity (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01–0.09) and moderate alcohol consumption (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24–0.90). Undernutrition or undernutrition risk was associated with a poor or very poor self‐perception of health status (OR: 3.53; 95% CI: 2.32–5.37), a low physical activity level (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.23–2.47), sarcopenia (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.02–3.36), and being overweight (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.27–0.59) or obese (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.28–0.65).ConclusionsThe majority of the older adults presented low muscle strength (probable sarcopenia), but only a small number had concomitantly low muscle quantity or quality (sarcopenia). Coexistence between these conditions is low which reinforces the need to assess them both individually during geriatric assessment.
Alcohol‐Induced Interleukin‐17 Expression Causes Murine Lung Fibroblast‐to‐Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation via Thy‐1 Down‐Regulation
Authors: Neveu Wendy A. , Staitieh Bashar S. , Mills Stephen T. , Guidot David M. , Sueblinvong Viranuj 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAlcohol exposure induces TGFβ1 and renders the lung susceptible to injury and disrepair. We determined that TGFβ1 regulates myofibroblast differentiation through the loss of Thy‐1 expression and consequent induction of α‐SMA. TGFβ1 is important for T helper 17 (Th17) differentiation and IL‐17 secretion, which in turn participates in tissue repair. We hypothesized that alcohol induces Th17 differentiation via TGFβ1 and that IL‐17 produced by these cells contributes to the development of profibrotic lung myofibroblasts.MethodsPrimary lung fibroblasts (PLFs) were treated with alcohol, TGFβ1, and IL‐17 and then analyzed for Thy‐1 expression and cell morphology. Naïve and Th17‐polarized CD4+ T cells were exposed to alcohol and assessed for IL‐17 expression. CD4+ T cells from alcohol‐fed mice were analyzed for Th17 and IL‐17 expression. Lungs of control‐fed, bleomycin‐treated and alcohol‐fed, bleomycin‐treated mice were analyzed for IL‐17 protein expression.ResultsAlcohol‐treated PLFs expressed lower levels of Thy‐1 than untreated cells. TGFβ1 or IL‐17 exposure suppressed PLF Thy‐1 expression. When administered together, TGFβ1 and IL‐17 additively down‐regulated Thy‐1 expression. Exposure of naïve and Th17‐polarized CD4+ T cells to alcohol induced the Th17 phenotype and augmented their production of IL‐17. CD4+ Th17+ levels are elevated in the peripheral compartment but not in the lungs of alcohol‐fed animals. Treatment of the PLFs with IL‐17 and alcohol induced α‐SMA expression. Induction of α‐SMA and myofibroblast morphology by IL‐17 occurred selectively in a Thy‐1− fibroblast subpopulation. Chronic alcohol ingestion augmented lung‐specific IL‐17 expression following bleomycin‐induced lung injury.ConclusionsAlcohol exposure skews T cells toward a Th17 immune response that in turn primes the lung for fibroproliferative disrepair through loss of Thy‐1 expression and induction of myofibroblast differentiation. These effects suggest that IL‐17 and TGFβ1 contribute to fibroproliferative disrepair in the lung and targeting these proteins could limit morbidity and mortality following lung injury in alcoholic individuals.