bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sex genetic correlations for fitness and fitness components: Connecting theoretical predictions to empirical patterns
Authors: Connallon Tim , Matthews Genevieve 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSex differences in morphology, physiology, development, and behavior are widespread, yet the sexes inherit nearly identical genomes, causing most traits to exhibit strong and positive cross-sex genetic correlations. In contrast to most other traits, estimates of cross-sex genetic correlations for fitness and fitness components (rW fm ) are generally low and occasionally negative, implying that a substantial fraction of standing genetic variation for fitness might be sexually antagonistic (i.e., alleles benefitting one sex harm the other). Nevertheless, while low values of rW fm are often regarded as consequences of sexually antagonistic selection, it remains unclear exactly how selection and variation in quantitative traits interact to determine the sign and magnitude of rW fm , making it difficult to relate empirical estimates of cross-sex genetic correlations to the evolutionary processes that might shape them. We present simple univariate and multivariate quantitative genetic models that explicitly link patterns of sex-specific selection and trait genetic variation to the cross-sex genetic correlation for fitness. We show that rW fm provides an unreliable signal of sexually antagonistic selection for two reasons. First, rW fm is constrained to be less than the cross-sex genetic correlation for traits affecting fitness, regardless of the nature of selection on the traits. Second, sexually antagonistic selection is an insufficient condition for generating negative cross-sex genetic correlations for fitness. Instead, negative fitness correlations between the sexes (rW fm &lt;0) can only emerge when selection is sexually antagonistic and the strength of directional selection on each sex is strong relative to the amount of shared additive genetic variation in female and male traits. These results imply that empirical tests of sexual antagonism that are based on estimates of rW fm will be conservative and underestimate its true scope. In light of these theoretical results, we revisit current data on rW fm and sex-specific selection and find that they are consistent with the theory.
Extended haplodiploidy hypothesis
Authors: Rautiala Petri , Helanterä Heikki , Puurtinen Mikael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEvolution of altruistic behavior was a hurdle for the logic of Darwinian evolution. Soon after Hamilton formalized the concept of inclusive fitness, which explains how altruism can evolve, he suggested that the high sororal relatedness brought by haplodiploidy could be why Hymenopterans have a high prevalence in eusocial species, and why helpers in Hymenoptera are always female. Later it was noted that in order to capitalize on the high sororal relatedness, helpers would need to direct help toward sisters, and this would bias the population sex ratio. Under a 1:3 males:females sex ratio, the inclusive fitness valuation a female places on her sister, brother, and an own offspring are equal—apparently removing the benefit of helping over independent reproduction. Based on this argumentation, haplodiploidy hypothesis has been considered a red herring. However, here we show that when population sex ratio, cost of altruism, and population growth rate are considered together, haplodiploidy does promote female helping even with female-biased sex ratio, due the lowered cost of altruism in such populations. Our analysis highlights the need to re-evaluate the role of haplodiploidy in the evolution of helping, and the importance of fully exploring the model assumptions when comparing interactions of population sex ratios and social behaviors.
Forecasting price delay and future stock returns: The role of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Gong Yujing , Ho Kung‐Cheng , Lo Chia‐Chun , Karathanasopoulos Andreas , Jiang I‐Ming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance in forecasting companys' stock prices and future returns. The forecasting analysis identifies a negative association between CSR performance and proxies of price delay. The negative CSR–delay association is weak for state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) because of their politically oriented motivation of CSR activities, but significantly strong for non‐SOEs. Furthermore, we find that forecasting delayed firms is expected to have higher future returns. In particular, the returns premium is most attributable to the CSR component of delay, compared with the non‐CSR component. Taken together, these results suggest that CSR performance plays a positive role in enhancing stock price efficiency, and a potential explanation is that CSR performance can be considered as additional information for equity predictions.
Aspects of astrocytic cAMP signaling with an emphasis on the putative power of compartmentalized signals in health and disease
Authors: Reuschlein Ann‐Kathrin , Jakobsen Emil , Mertz Christoffer , Bak Lasse K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis review discusses aspects of known and putative compartmentalized 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in astrocytes, a cell type that has turned out to be a key player in brain physiology and pathology. cAMP has attracted less attention than Ca2+ in recent years, but could turn out to rival Ca2+ in its potential to drive cellular functions and responses to intra— and extracellular cues. Further, Ca2+ and cAMP are known to engage in extensive crosstalk and cAMP signals often take place within subcellular compartments revolving around multi‐protein signaling complexes; however, we know surprisingly little about this in astrocytes. Here, we review aspects of astrocytic cAMP signaling, provide arguments for an increased interest in this subject, suggest possible future research directions within the field, and discuss putative drug targets.
Astrocyte‐to‐astrocyte contact and a positive feedback loop of growth factor signaling regulate astrocyte maturation
Authors: Li Jiwen , Khankan Rana R. , Caneda Christine , Godoy Marlesa I. , Haney Michael S. , Krawczyk Mitchell C. , Bassik Michael C. , Sloan Steven A. , Zhang Ye 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAstrocytes are critical for the development and function of the central nervous system. In developing brains, immature astrocytes undergo morphological, molecular, cellular, and functional changes as they mature. Although the mechanisms that regulate the maturation of other major cell types in the central nervous system such as neurons and oligodendrocytes have been extensively studied, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control astrocyte maturation. Here, we identified molecular markers of astrocyte maturation and established an in vitro assay for studying the mechanisms of astrocyte maturation. Maturing astrocytes in vitro exhibit similar molecular changes and represent multiple molecular subtypes of astrocytes found in vivo. Using this system, we found that astrocyte‐to‐astrocyte contact strongly promotes astrocyte maturation. In addition, secreted signals from microglia, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, or endothelial cells affect a small subset of astrocyte genes but do not consistently change astrocyte maturation. To identify molecular mechanisms underlying astrocyte maturation, we treated maturing astrocytes with molecules that affect the function of tumor‐associated genes. We found that a positive feedback loop of heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor (HBEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling regulates astrocytes maturation. Furthermore, HBEGF, EGFR, and tumor protein 53 (TP53) affect the expression of genes important for cilium development, the circadian clock, and synapse function. These results revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying astrocytes maturation with implications for the understanding of glioblastoma.
Connexin 43 hemichannels and pannexin‐1 channels contribute to the α‐synuclein‐induced dysfunction and death of astrocytes
Authors: Díaz Esteban F. , Labra Valeria C. , Alvear Tanhia F. , Mellado Luis A. , Inostroza Carla A. , Oyarzún Juan E. , Salgado Nicole , Quintanilla Rodrigo A. , Orellana Juan A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiverse studies have suggested that cytoplasmic inclusions of misfolded α‐synuclein in neuronal and glial cells are main pathological features of different α‐synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Up to now, most studies have focused on the effects of α‐synuclein on neurons, whereas the possible alterations of astrocyte functions and neuron–glia crosstalk have received minor attention. Recent evidence indicates that cellular signaling mediated by hemichannels and pannexons is critical for astroglial function and dysfunction. These channels constitute a diffusional route of communication between the cytosol and the extracellular space and during pathological scenarios they may lead to homeostatic disturbances linked to the pathogenesis and progression of different diseases. Here, we found that α‐synuclein enhances the opening of connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels and pannexin‐1 (Panx1) channels in mouse cortical astrocytes. This response was linked to the activation of cytokines, the p38 MAP kinase, the inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), and purinergic and glutamatergic signaling. Relevantly, the α‐synuclein‐induced opening of hemichannels and pannexons resulted in alterations in [Ca2+]i dynamics, nitric oxide (NO) production, gliotransmitter release, mitochondrial morphology, and astrocyte survival. We propose that α‐synuclein‐mediated opening of astroglial Cx43 hemichannels and Panx1 channels might constitute a novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis and progression of α‐synucleinopathies.
Tumor‐derived exosomal lncRNA GAS5 as a biomarker for early‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer diagnosis
Authors: Li Chuling , Lv Yanling , Shao Chenye , Chen Cen , Zhang Tianli , Wei Yuqing , Fan Hang , Lv Tangfeng , Liu Hongbin , Song Yong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiagnosis and treatment at an early stage may improve survival of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies have found that long noncoding RNA growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is essential to cancer progression. However, the expression and diagnostic value of GAS5 in exosomes (Exo‐GAS5) remain unclear. One hundred and four participants were enrolled, including subjects with NSCLC (n = 64) and healthy subjects (
n = 40). The total Exosome Isolation Kit was applied to isolate exosomes from serum. Total RNA was extracted and the AS5 expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of Exo‐GAS5 in NSCLC. Our data indicated that the Exo‐GAS5 was downregulated in patients with NSCLC compared with healthy controls (
p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with NSCLC with larger tumor size (
p = 0.025) and advanced TNM (T: extent of the primary tumor; N: lymph node involvement; M: metastatic disease) classification (
p = 0.047) showed lower Exo‐GAS5 expression. ROC curve analysis using Exo‐GAS5 combined with carcinoembryonic antigen showed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.929. Exo‐GAS5 could be used to distinguish patients with Stage I NSCLC with an AUC of 0.822. In conclusion, Exo‐GAS5 may function as an ideal noninvasive serum‐based marker for identifying patients with early NSCLC.
P2Y14 receptor is functionally expressed in satellite glial cells and mediates interleukin‐1β and chemokine CCL2 secretion
Authors: Lin Jiu , Liu Fei , Zhang Yan‐yan , Song Ning , Liu Meng‐ke , Fang Xin‐yi , Liao Da‐qing , Zhou Cheng , Wang Hang , Shen Jie‐fei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSatellite glial cells (SGCs) activation in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) is critical in various abnormal orofacial sensation in nerve injury and inflammatory conditions. SGCs express several subtypes of P2 purinergic receptors contributing to the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. The P2Y14 receptor, a G‐protein‐coupled receptor activated by uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glucose and other UDP sugars, mediates various physiologic events such as immune, inflammation, and pain. However, the expression, distribution, and function of P2Y14 receptor in SGCs remains largely unexplored. Our study reported the expression and functional identification of P2Y14 receptor in SGCs. SGCs were isolated from TG of rat, and the P2Y14 receptor expression was examined using immunofluorescence technique. Cell proliferation and viability were examined via cell counting kit‐8 experiment. Immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of P2Y14 receptor in SGCs. Immunofluorescence and western blot showed that UDP‐glucose treatment upregulated glial fibrillary acid protein, a common marker for glial activation. Extracellular UDP‐glucose enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, which were both abolished by the P2Y14 receptor inhibitor (PPTN). Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that extracellular UDP‐glucose significantly enhanced interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and chemokine CCL2 (CCL2) release, which was abolished by PPTN and significantly decreased by inhibitors of MEK/ERK (U0126) and p38 (SB202190). Our findings directly proved the functional presence of P2Y14 receptor in SGCs. It was also verified that P2Y14 receptor activation was involved in activating SGCs, phosphorylating MAPKs, and promoting the secretion of IL‐1β and CCL2 via ERK and p38 pathway.
Effect of foliar application with sodium selenate on selenium biofortification and fruit quality maintenance of ‘Starking Delicious’ apple during storage
Authors: Babalar Mesbah , Mohebbi Sheida , Zamani Zabihollah , Askari Mohammad A 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSelenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient due to its anticarsinogenic properties and positive influence on human immune system. Fortification of some fruits based on their rates of consumption and availability all year round appears to be an effective way to supplement Se in the human diet. In this study the possibility of augmenting Se content in ‘Starking Delicious’ apple fruit during two growing seasons was investigated. In 2016, the impact of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg Se L−1 by foliar application on Se accumulation and fruit ripening as well as quality attributes was investigated. In 2017, the effects of 1.5 mg Se L−1 foliar application on fruit Se content and changes in the antioxidant system and storability were studied with a 30‐day interval during 6 months storage at 0 ± 1 °C.RESULTSFoliar application of Se significantly increased both leaf and fruit Se concentration. The increase in Se content enhanced the flesh firmness, titrable acidity, and soluble solid content of the fruit. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were markedly amplified by Se treatments as compared to the control, resulting in lower superoxide anion radical (O2−•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, correspondingly higher membrane integrity as revealed by lower ion leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation and the fruit with lower water core.CONCLUSIONApplication of Se was efficient in increasing fruit Se content and nutraceutical properties, retarding the flesh firmness reduction, and postponing fruit ripening resulting from lower ethylene biosynthesis rate, thereby positively affecting apple fruit quality and storability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel heterozygous BPIFC variant in a Chinese pedigree with hereditary trichilemmal cysts
Authors: Fu Xian‐Guo , Huang Zhao , Zhou Su‐Juan , Yang Jing , Peng Yun‐Juan , Cao Luo‐Yuan , Guo Hua , Wu Guang‐Hui , Lin Ying‐Hua , Huang Bao‐Ying 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundTrichilemmal cysts (TCs) are common intradermal or subcutaneous cysts, which are commonly sporadic and rarely autosomal dominantly inherited. However, little is known about the disease‐determining genes in families with TCs exhibiting Mendelian inheritance.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the causative gene in a family with TCs.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was performed on a TCs family to identify the candidate gene. Sanger sequencing was conducted to validate the candidate variants and familial segregation.ResultsWe identified the heterozygous variant c.3G>C (p.Met1?) within the BPIFC gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed the cosegregation of this variant with the TCs phenotype in the family by demonstrating the presence of the heterozygous variant in all the 12 affected and absence in all the seven unaffected individuals. This variant was found to be absent in dbSNP141, 1,000 Genomes database and 500 ethnicity matched controls.ConclusionOur results imply that BPIFC is a causative gene in this Chinese family with hereditary TCs. Further studies should be performed to validate the role of BPIFC in the pathogenesis of this disease.
The seminal acrosin‐inhibitor ClTI1/SPINK2 is a fertility‐associated marker in the chicken
Authors: Thélie Aurore , Rehault‐Godbert Sophie , Poirier Jean‐Claude , Govoroun Marina , Fouchécourt Sophie , Blesbois Elisabeth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe seminal plasma is a very complex fluid, which surrounds sperm in semen. It contains numerous proteins including proteases and protease inhibitors that regulate proteolytic processes associated with protein activation and degradation. We previously identified a seminal protein, chicken liver trypsin inhibitor 1 (ClTI‐1) over expressed in semen of roosters with high fertility, suggesting a role in male fertility. In the present study, we showed that ClTI‐1 gene is actually SPINK2. Using normal healthy adult roosters, we showed that SPINK2 amount in seminal plasma was positively correlated with male fertility in chicken lines with highly contrasted genetic backgrounds (broiler and layer lines). Using affinity chromatography combined to mass spectrometry analysis and kinetic assays, we demonstrated for the first time that two chicken acrosin isoforms (acrosin and acrosin‐like proteins) are the physiological serine protease targets of SPINK2 inhibitor. SPINK2 transcript was overexpressed all along the male tract, and the protein was present in the lumen as expected for secreted proteins. Altogether, these data emphasize the role of seminal SPINK2 Kazal‐type inhibitor as an important actor of fertility in birds through its inhibitory action on acrosin isoforms proteins.
Temperature and aging dependence of strain‐induced crystallization and cavitation in highly crosslinked and filled natural rubber
Authors: Demassieux Quentin , Berghezan Daniel , Cantournet Sabine , Proudhon Henry , Creton Costantino 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the structural changes occurring in highly crosslinked and carbon‐black filled natural rubber under uniaxial extension by small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. The experiments focused on strain‐induced crystallization (SIC) and nanocavitation and were carried out on a model series of materials as a function of temperature and aging conditions. We find that for all materials both SIC and cavitation decrease markedly with temperature and aging. However, the presence of carbon black filler shifts the ceiling temperature where SIC is observed to at least 120°C, presumably by a nucleating effect, maintaining the high strength of the elastomers. Interestingly, although in pure elastomers, the cavitation strength decreases with temperature, we find that in these filled elastomers the critical stress for the onset of cavitation increases significantly with temperature strongly suggesting that cavitation is due to the local confinement between fillers and supporting the idea of a glassy layer near the filler. Aging for 10 days at 110°C in oxygen‐free conditions decreases both SIC and cavitation and reduces the strength of the elastomer at high temperature. This is attributed to the formation of sulfur side chains hindering the crystallization. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 780–793
Molecular Genetic and Immune Functional Responses Distinguish Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Chinnadurai Raghavan , Sands Jenna , Rajan Devi , Liu Xiao , Arafat Dalia , Das Rahul , Anania Frank A. , Gibson Greg , Kisseleva Tatiana , Galipeau Jacques 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Defining the immune physiology of culture-adapted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from distinct tissue compartments informs their potential utility as pharmaceuticals. Here, we have investigated the comparative immune plasticity of MSCs and hepatic stellate cells (HeSCs) isolated from human and murine bone marrow (BM) and liver, respectively. Although both BM–MSCs and HeSCs share mesenchymal phenotype and overall molecular genetic responses to inflammatory cues, HeSCs differ from BM–MSCs in a meaningful manner. We show that culture–adapted HeSCs express substantially higher levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), matrix metalloproteinase–1, and chemokine (C—C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) than BM–MSCs. Both human BM–MSCs and HeSCs inhibit T–cell proliferation by a shared indoleamine 2,3–dioxygenase (IDO)–dependent mechanism. However, HeSCs are distinct from BM–MSCs by their significant differential expression of HGF, CCL2, IL–8, CCL11, and GMCSF when cocultured with and/or without activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We have investigated MSCs and HeSCs derived from murine systems to describe interspecies comparability. Murine BM–MSCs inhibit T–cell proliferation through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) but not IDO. However, murine HeSCs inhibit T–cell proliferation through a mechanism distinct from either IDO or iNOS. Altogether, these results suggest that although culture–adapted BM–MSCs and HeSCs display a similar phenotype, their secretome and immune plasticity are in part distinct likely mirroring their tissular origins. In addition, the discordance in immune biology between mouse and human sourced HeSC and BM–MSCs speaks to the importance of comparative biology when interrogating rodent systems for human translational insights. Stem Cells 2019;37:1075–1082
An approximate method for separated spectral analysis of connected buildings with added damping
Authors: Andalibi Mostafa , Behnamfar Farhad 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe problem of determining maximum seismic responses, or spectral analysis, of connected adjacent structures is studied in this research. The goal of the study is twofold. First, determining when the dynamic coupling is important in such a problem and, second, establishing how to analyze each of the two structures separately when coupling is important. For tall buildings in many cases, the connecting link is intentionally accommodated with an added damping to suppress the lateral displacements. Therefore, effect of the localized damping is also accounted for in the analysis. Using essentials of modal analysis, a criterion is developed for estimation of the dynamic coupling of the two adjacent structures. Also, a procedure is developed for separated analysis of each structure incorporating the stiffness and inertial effects of the adjacent structures when coupling is important. The representative examples confirm good accuracy of the presented method.