bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of inappropriate prescribing according to the Screening Tool of Older People's Prescriptions and Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment version 2 criteria in older patients discharged from geriatric and internal medicine wards: A prospective observational multicenter study
Authors: Bo Mario , Gibello Maddalena , Brunetti Enrico , Boietti Edoardo , Sappa Matteo , Falcone Yolanda , Aurucci Maria Luigia , Iacovino Marina , Fonte Gianfranco , Cappa Giorgetta 
Published: October 2018

AimTo evaluate the prevalence and predictors of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and potential prescribing omissions (PPO) in hospital‐discharged older patients, according to the recently updated Screening Tool of Older People's Prescriptions and Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment version 2 criteria.MethodsThis was a multicenter prospective observational study of patients aged ≥65 years consecutively discharged from geriatric and internal medicine wards. Each patient underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment, and PIM and PPO at discharge were determined according to the Screening Tool of Older People's Prescriptions and Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment version 2 criteria. A multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify variables independently associated with PIM and PPO.ResultsAmong 726 participants (mean age 81.5 years, 47.8% women), the prevalence of PIM and PPO were 54.4% and 44.5%, respectively. Benzodiazepines and proton‐pump inhibitors were the drugs most frequently involved with PIM, whereas PPO were often related to 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, statins and drugs for osteoporosis. The number of medications (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15–1.28) and discharge from geriatric units (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.40–0.75) were associated with PIM, whereas PPO were independently associated with discharge from geriatric wards (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.31–0.62), age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07), comorbidities (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.30) and the number of drugs (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.18).ConclusionsInappropriate prescribing is highly prevalent among hospital‐discharged older patients, and is associated with polypharmacy and discharge from internal medicine departments. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 5–11.
Prevalence and risk factors of delirium and subsyndromal delirium in Chinese older adults
Authors: Yam Ka‐Keung , Shea Yat‐Fung , Chan Tuen‐Ching , Chiu Ka‐Chun , Luk James Ka‐Hei , Chu Leung‐Wing , Chan Felix Hon‐Wai 
Published: October 2018

AimTo study the prevalence and risk factors of delirium and subsyndromal delirium (SSD) in Chinese older adults with acute medical illnesses.MethodsA prospective cohort study was carried out in acute general medical wards in a university‐affiliated hospital in Hong Kong. Patients were assessed by the confusion assessment method by geriatricians within 6 h after admission and classified into three mutually exclusive groups, namely delirium, SSD and those without both conditions. Predisposing factors and precipitating factors of delirium and SSD were retrieved from collateral information, clinical charts and electronic clinical records.ResultsA total of 575 patients with mean age of 80.8 years were recruited. A total of 73% of the patients did not have delirium, 15.8% of patients had delirium and 11.3% of patients had SSD. On multivariate analysis, patients with delirium or SSD were more likely to be current users of psychotropic medications, had hearing and visual impairment, had a major neurocognitive disorder as defined by the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and with a lower Barthel Index 20 points version than those without both conditions. Significant predisposing and precipitating factors of delirium included psychotropic medications, acute stroke and other causes of organic brain syndromes. Predisposing and precipitating factors of delirium and SSD were almost identical.ConclusionsDelirium and SSD are common among Chinese older adults with acute medical illnesses, with a combined prevalence of delirium and SSD of 27%. Important precipitating and predisposing factors include psychotropic medications, acute ischemic stroke and other causes of organic brain syndromes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1625–1628.
Developments in Survey Research over the Past 60 Years: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Kalton Graham 
Published: October 2018

SummaryMany developments have occurred in the practice of survey sampling and survey methodology in the past 60 years or so. These developments have been partly driven by the emergence of computers and the continuous growth in computer power over the years and partly by the increasingly sophisticated demands from the users of survey data. The paper reviews these developments with a main emphasis on survey sampling issues for the design and analysis of social surveys. Design‐based inference based on probability samples was the predominant approach in the early years, but over time, that predominance has been eroded by the need to employ model‐dependent methods to deal with missing data and to satisfy analysts' demands for survey estimates that cannot be met with design‐based methods. With the continuous decline in response rates that has occurred in recent years, much current research has focused on the use of non‐probability samples and data collected from administrative records and web surveys.
Process assessment in dynamic testing using electronic tangibles
Authors: Veerbeek Jochanan , Vogelaar Bart , Verhaegh Janneke , Resing Wilma C.M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTask solving processes and changes in these processes have long been expected to provide valuable information about children's performance in school. This article used electronic tangibles (concrete materials that can be physically manipulated) and a dynamic testing format (pretest, training, and posttest) to investigate children's task solving processes and changes in these processes as a result of training. We also evaluated the value of process information for the prediction of school results. Participants were N = 253 children with a mean age of 7.8 years. Half of them received a graduated prompts training; the other half received repeated practice only. Three process measures were used: grouping behaviour, verbalized strategies, and completion time. Different measures showed different effects of training, with verbalized strategies showing the largest difference on the posttest between trained and untrained children. Although process measures were related to performance on our dynamic task and to math and reading performance in school, the amount of help provided during training provided the most predictive value to school results. We concluded that children's task solving processes provide valuable information, but the interpretation requires more research.
Weak and inconsistent associations between melanic darkness and fitness‐related traits in an insect
Authors: Sandre Siiri‐Lii , Kaart Tanel , Morehouse Nathan , Tammaru Toomas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe idea that the fitness value of body coloration may be affected by biochemically mediated trade‐offs has received much research attention. For example, melanization is believed to interact with other fitness‐related traits via competition for substrates, costs associated with the synthesis of melanin or pleiotropic effects of the involved genes. However, genetic correlations between coloration and fitness‐related traits remain poorly understood. Here, we present a quantitative‐genetic study of a coloration trait correlated to melanin‐based cuticular darkness (‘darkness’, hereafter) in a geometrid moth, Ematurga atomaria. This species has considerable variation in larval appearance. We focus on correlations between larval darkness and fitness‐related growth performance traits. Both a half‐sib analysis and an ‘animal model’ approach revealed moderately high heritabilities of larval darkness and indices of growth performance. Heritability estimates of darkness derived from the animal model were, however, considerably higher than those based on the half‐sib model suggesting that the determination of coloration includes genetic interactions and epigenetic effects. Importantly, on the host plant with the largest sample size, we found no evidence for either genetic or environmental correlations between darkness and growth parameters. On an alternative host plant, there was some indication of positive genetic and negative environmental correlation between these traits. This shows that respective relationships are environment‐specific. Nevertheless, the overall pattern of weak and inconsistent correlations between larval coloration and growth parameters does not support universal trade‐offs between these traits and suggests that physiological costs of producing colour patterns do not necessarily interfere with adaptive evolution of coloration.
Ear, nose, and throat surgical access for remote living Indigenous children: What is the least costly model?
Authors: Jacups Susan P. , Kinchin Irina , McConnon Kate M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThis costing evaluation compares three service delivery models for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery for remote living Indigenous children to improve their hearing outcomes, with the aim to identify the least costly model.MethodsThe main outcome measure presented was the incremental cost difference between the base case (Model 1) and two alternative models (Model 2, 3). The costs in 2017 Australian dollars are assessed from two viewpoints: (1) health system perspective, and (2) patients and their families including travel out‐of‐pocket expenses, presented separately according to the funding source.ResultsFindings indicate that the least costly model offered low‐risk ENT surgery from a state funded hospital in a remote setting, with high use of videoconference technology: TeleHealth (Model 3) could save $3626 to $5067 per patient, compared with patients travelling to a regional centre public hospital (Model 1). A federally funded scheme which allowed groups of patients to access a direct flight charter transfer to the private hospital in regional centre (Model 2) reduced the cost by $2178 to $2711 per patient when compared with standard care (Model 1). From a societal perspective, Model 1 required out‐of‐pocket patient expenses, with greater time away from home, and hence appears the least preferred option.ConclusionsThe sensitivity analyses also demonstrate that Model 3 would be the more economical model for providing ENT surgery for remote living children. By proving an accurate assessment of the true costs of delivering these important ear and hearing health services, strategic health service planners may be better informed and sufficient budgets can be allocated to provide improved service delivery. The benefits of Model 3, over Models 1 or 2, would also incorporate improvements to patient safety as a result of reducing patient travel, which should in‐turn, reduce failure‐to‐attend rates.
Methodology for the analysis and comparison of protocols for glycaemic control in intensive care
Authors: Fernández‐Méndez Rocío , Rodríguez‐Villar Sancho , Méndez Pablo F. , Windle Richard , Adams Gary George 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe practice of glycaemic control of critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) is guided by clinical management protocols, designed locally by the ICUs. These protocols differ significantly in their aims and methods. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized methodology for the systematic and objective analysis and comparison of protocols for glycaemic control implemented in any ICU.MethodThe protocols for glycaemic control implemented in seven ICUs of a UK‐based ICU network were analysed using techniques of inductive content analysis, through an open coding process and the framework method. This involved the identification and classification of protocol instructions for glycaemic control, as well as of the processes and decisions pertaining to each of these instructions. These were used to develop a framework for the structured and systematic description and comparison of the protocols' contents, and to develop a technique for the protocols' graphic visualization.ResultsThe following elements were identified or developed: (1) 35 quantifiable variables and 11 non‐quantifiable subjects that could be present in an ICU protocol for glycaemic control, to be used as a framework for the description and comparison of contents; (2) a technique for condensing a protocol into a single, comprehensive flowchart; (3) using these flowcharts, a method for assessing the complexity and comprehensiveness of the protocols.ConclusionsThe methodology developed in this study will allow for any future work analysing the contents of glycaemic control protocols to be carried out in a structured and standardized way. This may be done either as a standalone study, or as the essential first step in any investigation on the impact of new protocols. In turn, the methodology will facilitate the performance of regional, national, and international comparisons, demonstrating the usefulness of this study at a global scale.
Pathogenicity of Pasteurella sp. in lumpsuckers (Cyclopterus lumpus L.)
Authors: Ellul Rebecca Marie , Walde Cecilie , Haugland Gyri Teien , Wergeland Heidrun , Rønneseth Anita 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe incidence of disease caused by Pasteurella sp. in farmed lumpsuckers in Norway has been steadily increasing in recent years, causing significant economic losses and fish welfare issues. The disease affects all life stages, both in hatcheries and after release into salmon cages. Therefore, it is important to establish robust challenge models, to be used for vaccine development. Exposure experiments via intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection underlined the high virulence of the bacteria, whereas the cohabitation and bath models allowed the chronic symptoms of the disease to be studied more accurately. Skin lesions and haemorrhage at the base of fins were observed in the more acute cases of the disease. Symptoms including white spots over the skin, especially around the eyes, characterized the chronic cases. The latter were most prominent from the bath challenge model. Histopathology indicated a systemic pattern of disease, whereas qPCR analysis from head kidney showed that bacteria may be present in survivor fish at the end of the challenges. In all the challenge models investigated, Pasteurella sp. was re‐isolated from the fish, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. These findings highlight the importance of screening of lumpsuckers prior to transfer to minimize the risks of carrying over asymptomatic carriers.
Street food research worldwide: a scoping review
Authors: Abrahale K. , Sousa S. , Albuquerque G. , Padrão P. , Lunet N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundStreet foods vary with respect to their nutritional value and safety characteristics and contribute to a sizable proportion of food intake in many populations worldwide. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the coverage in the scientific literature of different health‐related and socio‐economic aspects of street food consumption and trading.MethodsThree electronic databases (searched from inception to 16 October 2017), a hand‐search of relevant journals and backward citation tracking were used to identify eligible scientific articles with a main objective of investigating or reporting specific results on health‐related or socio‐economic aspects of street food. Papers published in English, Portuguese, French, Spanish or Italian, as well as English abstracts of papers published in other languages, were assessed. The selected articles were evaluated by two independent researchers and described according to year of publication, geographical distribution, definition of street food, main topics addressed and target population.ResultsIn total, 441 papers were selected. The number of publications has increased in recent years, almost half of them being published after 2012. Almost three‐quarter of the articles were from Africa or Asia. Most studies addressed food safety (85.5%), whereas street food availability and consumption were much less frequently investigated (30.3%). The focus of the studies was usually the food (mostly its microbiological contamination) and the vendors (mostly their food handling), whereas consumers and vending sites were seldom evaluated. More than half of the studies did not specify a definition for street food.ConclusionsEfforts are needed for a more widespread and comprehensive assessment of different issues related to street food availability and consumption in different settings, especially regarding street food offer, nutritional composition, and patterns of purchase and consumption by the population.
REE partitioning between monazite and garnet: Implications for petrochronology
Authors: Hacker Bradley , Kylander‐Clark Andrew , Holder Robert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRare‐earth element and Y partitioning between garnet and monazite was measured in metamorphic rocks from western Norway to provide more confidence in tying monazite U/Th–Pb dates to P–T conditions recorded in garnet. A subset of samples has low‐Y garnet mantles and low‐Y monazite cores that gave Y‐partitioning temperatures similar to independently determined metamorphic temperatures. In combination with previously published data, these monazite–garnet pairs have temperature‐dependent partitioning of the HREE from Dy to Lu, and nonsystematic partitioning of the LREE from La–Gd. The temperature‐dependent partitioning must be considered when using HREE to assess which portions of garnet and monazite might have coexisted, but experiments are needed to place the dependence on a firm footing.
High‐fat diet and type 2 diabetes induced disruption of the oestrous cycle and alteration of hormonal profiles, but did not affect subpopulations of KNDy neurones in female rats
Authors: Ziarniak Kamil , Kołodziejski Paweł A. , Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek Ewa , Kallό Imre , Śliwowska Joanna H. 
Published: October 2018

Apart from the primary metabolic symptoms of obesity and/or diabetes, there are numerous secondary problems, including disruptions of the reproductive system. The KNDy neurones, which express kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin A and are located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), are important regulators of reproduction. Their functions are highly influenced by metabolic and hormonal status. We have previously shown that, in male rats with experimentally‐induced diabetes type 2 (but not with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity), there are alterations in the number of these cells. In the present study, we hypothesised that a high‐fat diet (HFD) and/or diabetes type 2 (DM2) in female rats affect the oestrous cycle, hormonal profiles and the number of kisspeptin‐immunoreactive, neurokinin B‐immunoreactive and/or dynorphin A‐immunoreactive neurones in the ARC. Rats were assigned to one of three groups: a control group fed a regular chow diet, a high‐fat diet group (HFD) and a diabetic group (DM2), with both of the latter two groups receiving a high calorie diet (50% of energy from lard). The third group was additionally treated with streptozotocin to induce DM2. Their oestrous cycles was monitored and their metabolic and hormonal status were assessed. We found that HFD and DM2 female rats, despite having significant alterations in their metabolic and hormonal profiles, as well as disruptions of the oestrous cycle, showed no changes in the number of the kisspeptin‐immunoreactive, neurokinin B‐immunoreactive and/or dynorphin A‐immunoreactive neurones in the ARC. However, slight differences in the rostrocaudal distribution of these neurones among groups were reported. In conclusion, the data from the present study, together with our previously published results in males, indicate sex differences in the response of KNDy neurones to DM2 but not to HFD conditions.
The association between a mixing ability test and patient reported chewing ability in patients treated for oral malignancies
Authors: de Groot Reilly J. , Rosenberg Antoine J. W. P. , van der Bilt Andries , Aalto Daniel , Merkx Matthias A. W. , Speksnijder Caroline M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIntroductionMastication has been assessed in several ways in the past. Both patients reported and objective assessment methods have been developed. The University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht has developed a mixing ability test (MAT) using a two‐coloured wax tablet. The present study investigates the association between the mixing ability test and a chewing related questionnaire in patients treated for oral malignancies.Patients and methodsIn a cohort study, patients treated for oral malignancies were assessed 4‐6 weeks before and 4‐6 weeks after treatment, as well as 6 months, 1 year and 5 years after treatment. The mixing ability test was assessed using 10 and 20 chewing strokes and was compared to seven questions about several aspects of mastication. Regression analysis was performed and density plots were drawn for statistical analysis.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐three patients were included in this study. The questionnaire was less predictive for the 10‐chewing stroke test and the test was less discriminatory for different food types than the 20‐chewing stroke mixing ability test. Three questions about the ability to chew solid, soft and thickened liquid food types were found to be significantly predictive for the 20‐chewing stroke test. Threshold values on the mixing ability index were around 20 for the ability to chew solid food types and 24 for soft food types.ConclusionThe 10‐chewing stroke mixing ability test is less suitable than 20‐chewing strokes for patients with and treated for oral cancer. The 20‐chewing stroke mixing ability test has a fair association with self‐reported outcomes.