bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentre experience with the second‐generation subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator and the intermuscular two‐incision implantation technique
Authors: Migliore Federico , Mattesi Giulia , De Franceschi Pietro , Allocca Giuseppe , Crosato Martino , Calzolari Vittorio , Fantinel Mauro , Ortis Benedetta , Facchin Domenico , Daleffe Elisabetta , Fabris Tommaso , Marras Elena , De Lazzari Manuel , Zanon Francesco , Marcantoni Lina , Siciliano Mariachiara , Corrado Domenico , Iliceto Sabino , Bertaglia Emanuele , Zecchin Massimo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe recently developed second‐generation subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) and the intermuscular two‐incision implantation technique demonstrate potential favorable features that reduce inappropriate shocks and complications. However, data concerning large patient populations are lacking. The aim of this multicentre prospective study was to evaluate the safety and outcome of second‐generation S‐ICD using the intermuscular two‐incision technique in a large population study.Methods and ResultsThe study population included 101 consecutive patients (75% male; mean age, 45 ± 13 years) who received second‐generation S‐ICD (EMBLEM; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) implantation using the intermuscular two‐incision technique as an alternative to the standard implantation technique. Twenty nine (29%) patients were implanted for secondary prevention. Twenty four (24%) patients had a previously implanted transvenous ICD. All patients were implanted without any procedure‐related complications. Defibrillation testing was performed in 80 (79%) patients, and ventricular tachycardia was successfully converted at less than or equal to 65 J in 98.75% (79/80) of patients without pulse generator adjustments. During a median follow‐up of 21 ± 10 months, no complications requiring surgical revision or local or systemic device‐related infections were observed. Ten patients (9.9%) received appropriate and successful shocks for ventricular arrhythmias. Three (2.9%) patients experienced inappropriate shocks due to oversensing the cardiac signal (n = 1), noncardiac signal (n = 1), and a combination of both cardiac and noncardiac signals (n = 1), with one patient requiring device explantation. No patients required device explantation due to antitachycardia pacing indications.ConclusionsAccording to our multicentre study, second‐generation S‐ICD implanted with the intermuscular two‐incision technique is an available safe combination and appears to be associated with a low risk of complications, such as inappropriate shocks.
Low‐fluenced erbium:yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet laser treatment in combination with broadband light pretreatment for various pigmentation disorders in Asian patients
Authors: Kim Heesu , Park Jiho , Zheng Zhenlong , Cho Sung Bin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundLow‐fluenced 2940‐nm erbium (Er):yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet (YAG) resurfacing elicits ablative photothermal tissue reactions confined to the uppermost parts of the epidermis.ObjectiveTo demonstrate the efficacy and safety of low‐fluenced ablative Er:YAG laser treatment in combination with broadband light (BBL) pretreatment for various pigmentation disorders.MethodsIn total, 35 Korean patients with various pigmentation disorders were pretreated with BBL, and then, low‐fluenced Er:YAG laser resurfacing was performed with a beam size of 4 mm and a fluence of 1.0‐1.5 J/cm2.ResultsAn average of 1.1 ± 0.4 sessions of combined BBL and low‐fluenced Er:YAG resurfacing treatment was delivered to the patients. Most post‐Er:YAG scaling fell off spontaneously over 3‐5 days, and most of the post‐BBL crusting disappeared spontaneously over 5‐7 days. At 2 months after final treatment, the mean global aesthetic improvement scale score for the clinical improvement of pigmentation lesions was estimated as 2.5 ± 0.8, and that for the improvement of overall skin tone, texture, and wrinkles was 2.8 ± 1.0.ConclusionOur data demonstrated that post‐BBL, low‐fluenced Er:YAG laser resurfacing can be used to effectively treat various pigmentation disorders in Asian patients. Further improvements in overall skin tone, texture, and wrinkles were also achieved without major side effects.
Filters in the coping process of people with schizophrenia: A constructivist grounded theory study
Authors: Jacques Marie‐Claude , St‐Cyr Tribble Denise , Bonin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2019

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

In the nursing perspective of Roy’s adaptation model, to be adapted means to have positive interactions with one’s environment.

The ability to use effective coping strategies is an essential ingredient of mental health recovery. However, coping difficulties are often a problem for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, especially those who have inadequate social support.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

“Filters in the coping process” is a grounded theory of coping in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. A filter effect impairs their ability and limits their opportunities to use effective coping strategies.

These filters are as follows: to have been helped, to understand in one’s own way, to act despite limited freedom and to modulate the process of self‐disclosure. “Surface coping” is the product of the effect of these filters on coping attempts and possibilities. It does not reflect the person’s real potential.

What are the implications for practice?

By offering an alternative, holistic nursing perspective, the filter model provides the nurse with factors to consider when assessing clients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, so as to plan interventions towards improving their coping capacity.

By allowing for the presence of surface coping, the nurse will have less tendency to form negative judgments about clients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

AbstractIntroductionNumerous studies confirm the coping difficulties of people diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, especially those with limited social support. Further, the coping process is itself poorly understood.AimStarting from a conceptualization of the adaptation of Roy's model, the aim of this study was to describe the coping process of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder in the context of an inadequate social support.MethodA constructivist grounded theorization was performed with a sample of 30 persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.ResultsThe results are a model named: “Filters in the coping process of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder who have inadequate social support.” The type of coping strategies used evolves over time and in accordance with the filters. The consequence of the process is “surface coping.”DiscussionThe coping potential of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder is affected by environmental factors as well as factors inherent to the disorder itself. The filter model provides a holistic perspective, as opposed to merely focusing on behaviours.Implication for practiceThe findings of this study could improve nursing interventions through a better understanding of impediments to coping: what they are, how they arise and the nature of their effects.
Accretion of the asteroids: Implications for their thermal evolution
Authors: Weidenschilling S. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermal models of asteroids generally assume that they accreted either instantaneously or over an extended interval with a prescribed growth rate. It is conventionally assumed that the onset of accretion of chondrite parent bodies was delayed until a substantial fraction of the initial 26Al had decayed. However, this interval is not consistent with the early melting, and differentiation of parent bodies of iron meteorites. Formation time scales are tested by dynamical simulations of accretion from small primary planetesimals. Gravitational accretion yields rapid runaway growth of large planetary embryos until most smaller bodies are depleted. In a given simulation, all asteroid‐sized bodies have comparable growth times, regardless of size. For plausible parameters, growth times are shorter than the lifetime of 26Al, consistent with thermal models that assume instantaneous accretion. Rapid growth after planetesimal formation is consistent with differentiation of parent bodies of iron meteorites, but not with the assumed delay in formation of chondritic bodies. After the initial growth stage, there is an interval of slower evolution until the belt is stirred and the embryos are dynamically removed. During this interval, a fraction of asteroid‐sized bodies experience large accretional impacts, allowing bodies of the same final size to have very different histories of radius versus time. Accretion from small primary planetesimals leaves some fraction of material in bodies small enough to preserve CAIs while avoiding heating by 26Al. Unheated material can be a significant fraction of the mass that remains after large embryos are removed from the Main Belt.
Participatory farm diversification and nutrition education increase dietary diversity in Western Kenya
Authors: Boedecker Julia , Odhiambo Odour Francis , Lachat Carl , Van Damme Patrick , Kennedy Gina , Termote Céline 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOur study assessed the effectiveness of a community‐based participatory approach in increasing micronutrient adequacy of diets of women and young children through agricultural activities and nutrition education in Vihiga County, Western Kenya. Outcome indicators include the mean dietary diversity score (DDS), the percentage of women and children reaching minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and micronutrient adequacy (mean adequacy ratio). The project consisted of(a) a diagnostic survey covering agrobiodiversity and nutrition, (b) participatory development of activities to improve nutrition, (c) a baseline survey covering dietary intakes, (d) participatory implementation of the developed activities, and (e) an endline survey covering dietary intakes. The diagnostic survey was conducted in 10 sublocations of Vihiga County, which were pair‐matched and split into five intervention and five control sublocations. The intervention sublocations developed activities towards improving nutrition. Before implementation, a baseline survey collected the dietary intake data of 330 women–child pairs in the intervention and control sublocations. To support the activities, communities received agriculture and nutrition training. After 1 year of implementation, an endline survey collected dietary intake data from 444 women–child pairs in the intervention and control sublocations. Impact was assessed using the difference‐in‐difference technique. Highly significant positive impacts on children's mean DDS (treatment effect = 0.7, p < 0.001) and on the share of children reaching MDD (treatment effect = 0.2, p < 0.001) were shown. Higher dietary diversity can be explained by the development of subsistence and income‐generating pathways and increased nutrition knowledge. Participatory farm diversification and nutrition education were shown to significantly increase dietary diversity of young children in Western Kenya.
Multiple transcriptional factors control stomata development in rice
Authors: Wu Zhongliang , Chen Liang , Yu Qi , Zhou Wenqi , Gou Xiaoping , Li Jia , Hou Suiwen 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Grass stomata can balance gas exchange and evaporation effectively in rapidly changing environments via their unique anatomical features. Although the key components of stomatal development in Arabidopsis have been largely elucidated over the past decade, the molecular mechanisms that govern stomatal development in grasses are poorly understood.

Via the genome editing system and T‐DNA insertion lines, the key transcriptional factors (TFs) regulating stomatal development in rice (Oryza sativa) were knocked out. A combination of genetic and biochemical assays subsequently revealed the functions of these TFs.

OsSPCH/OsICE is essential for the initiation of stomatal lineage. OsMUTE/OsICE determines meristemoid to guard mother cell (GMC) transition. OsFAMA/OsICE influences subsidiary mother cell asymmetric division and mature stoma differentiation. OsFLP regulates the orientation of GMC symmetrical division. More importantly, we found that OsSCR/OsSHR controls the initiation of stomatal lineage cells and the formation of subsidiary cells. The transcription of OsSCR is activated by OsSPCH and OsMUTE.

This study characterised the functions of master regulatory TFs that control each stomatal developmental stage in rice. Our findings are helpful for elucidating how various species reprogramme the molecular mechanisms to generate different stomatal types during evolution.
Visualization of astrocytic intracellular Ca2+ mobilization
Authors: Okubo Yohei , Iino Masamitsu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAstrocytes generate robust intracellular Ca2+ concentration changes (Ca2+ signals), which are assumed to regulate astrocytic functions that play crucial roles in the regulation of brain functions. One frequently used strategy for exploring the role of astrocytic Ca2+ signalling is the use of mice deficient in the type 2 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (IP3R2). These IP3R2‐knockout (KO) mice are reportedly devoid of Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in astrocytes. However, they have shown no functional deficits in several studies, causing a heated debate as to the functional relevance of ER‐mediated Ca2+ signalling in astrocytes. Recently, the assumption that Ca2+ mobilization from the ER is absent in IP3R2‐KO astrocytes has been re‐evaluated using intraorganellar Ca2+ imaging techniques. The new results indicated that IP3R2‐independent Ca2+ release may generate Ca2+ nanodomains around the ER, which may help explain the absence of functional deficits in IP3R2‐KO mice.
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A Heuristic Algorithm for Rigid Foldability
Authors: Zimmermann Luca , Shea Kristina , Stanković Tino 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Rigid foldability is an important requirement when origami is used as the basis to design technical systems that consist of rigid materials. This paper presents a heuristic algorithm that adjusts the location of vertices of nonrigidly foldable but kinematically determinate crease patterns such that they become rigidly foldable. The adjustment is achieved by utilizing constraint violations that occur during the folding process of nonrigidly foldable configurations. The folding process is kinematically simulated through a robust simulator that is based on a bar and hinge principle. The benefits of the algorithm are showcased in different examples, including single-vertex as well as multi-vertex crease patterns.
An Improved Design of Gravity Compensators Based on the Inverted Slider-Crank Mechanism
Authors: Arakelian Vigen , Zhang Yang 
Published: March 2019

The static balancing of mechanical systems is an important issue because it allows one to significantly decrease the size of actuators for equivalent displacements of the end effector. Indeed, the actuators do not have to produce the required input energy to counterbalance the variation of the potential energy of the robot. However, the literature review shows that in many cases the gravity balancing of mechanical systems is carried out by neglecting the masses of auxiliary links associated with the principal mechanism. For many balancing schemes, it is a source of errors.This paper deals with an improved solution for gravity compensators based on the inverted slider-crank mechanism considering the masses of the coupler and the spring. To achieve this, the torques are determined due to auxiliary links. Subsequently, they are introduced into the balancing equation for minimization of the residual unbalance. Hence, a more accurate balancing of gravity compensators based on the inverted slider-crank mechanism can be achieved. The efficiency of the suggested approach is illustrated by numerical simulations.
Association between perception of bodily discomfort and individual and work organisational factors in Brazilian slaughterhouse workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tirloni Adriana Seára , Reis Diogo Cunha dos , Borgatto Adriano Ferreti , Moro Antônio Renato Pereira 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveBrazil is the world’s second largest poultry meat producer and leading exporter. Many poultry processing tasks are physically demanding and involve factors that increase the risk of developing a work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD). However, little is known about the assessment of bodily discomfort in these workers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between perception of bodily discomfort and individual and work organisational factors in poultry slaughterhouse workers.DesignDescriptive, cross-sectional study.SettingThree poultry slaughterhouses in the South of Brazil.ParticipantsThis paper included 925 workers of 3 poultry slaughterhouses, 575 women and 350 men. The selection of the participants was random.Main outcome measureWorkers were asked about individual factors, work organiation, perception of bodily discomfort and cold, as well as ingestion of pain medication. Crude and adjusted ORs were estimated and 95% CIs were derived from binary logistic regression analysis for perception of bodily discomfort.ResultsThere was a significant association (p<0.05) between perception of bodily discomfort and female gender (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.41), performance of repetitive tasks (OR=1.81; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.91) and perception of cold (OR=2.05; 95% CI 1.44 to 2.91).ConclusionsThe findings of this research demonstrated that the sector of occupational safety and health management in poultry slaughterhouses should monitor the symptoms of WMSD among their workers, especially female workers, workers who perform repetitive tasks, as well as those who perform tasks in cold environments because these groups are more likely to experience bodily discomfort.
Investigating differences in dietary patterns among a small cross-sectional study of young and old Pacific peoples in NZ using exploratory factor analysis: a feasibility study
Authors: Tupai-Firestone Ridvan , Cheng Soo , Kaholokula Joseph , Borman Barry , Ellison-Loschmann Lis 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesObesity among Pasifika people living in New Zealand is a serious health problem with prevalence rates more than twice those of the general population (67% vs 33%, respectively). Due to the high risk of developing obesity for this population, we investigated diet quality of Pacific youth and their parents and grandparents. Therefore, we examined the dietary diversity of 30 youth and their parents and grandparents (n=34) toidentify whether there are generational differences in dietary patternsand investigate the relationship between acculturation and dietary patterns.MethodsThestudy designof the overarching study was cross-sectional. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with Pasifika youth, parents and grandparents to investigate dietary diversity, that included both nutritious and discretionary food items and food groups over a 7 day period.Study settingwas located in 2 large urban cities, New Zealand. Exploratory factor analyses were used to calculate food scores (means) from individual food items based on proportions consumed over the week, and weights were applied to calculate a standardised food score. The relationship between the level of acculturation and deprivation with dietary patterns was also assessed.ResultsThree distinctive dietary patterns across all participants were identified from our analyses. Healthy diet, processed diet and mixed diet. Mean food scores indicated statistically significant differences between the dietary patterns for older and younger generations. Older generations showed greater diversity in food items consumed, as well as eating primarily a ‘healthy diet’. The younger generation was more likely to consume a ‘processed diet’. There was significant association between acculturation and deprivation with the distinctive dietary patterns.ConclusionOur investigation highlighted generational differences in consuming a limited range of food items. Identified dietary components may, in part, be explained by specific acculturation modes (assimilation and marginalised) and high socioeconomic deprivation among this particular study population.
Effect of a 2-day communication skills training on nursing and midwifery students’ empathy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Alhassan Mustapha 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionEmpathy is crucial to the fundamental aim and achievement of nursing and midwifery goals. Researchers agree on the positive role empathy plays in interpersonal relationships when providing healthcare. Models of good communication have been developed to assist nurses, midwives and doctors to improve their ability to communicate with patients. This study investigated the effect of a 2-day communication skills training (CST) on nursing and midwifery students’ empathy in a randomised controlled trial.MethodsThe two groups had a baseline data collection at the same time. The intervention group had a CST, followed by post-test on day 3. The control group had post-test on day 4 just before their CST. The empathy outcome was measured with Jefferson Scales of Empathy-Health Professions Student version. Both groups had a follow-up test at the same time 6 months after the CST.ResultsIn this study, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of empathy between the groupsF(1, 171)=0.18, p=0.675. The intervention group had baseline T1 (M=109.8, SD=9.8,d=0.160), and post-test T2 (M=111.9, SD=9.0,d=0.201), whereas the control group had baseline T1 (M=107.9, SD=11.46,d=0.160), and post-test T2 (M=110.0, SD=11.0,d=0.201). Baseline data were collected on 15 June 2013.ConclusionsThis study has shown that empathy may not be enhanced within a short period after CST.
Cross-sectional survey on job satisfaction and its associated factors among doctors in tertiary public hospitals in Shanghai, China
Authors: Liu Jiazhen , Yu Wenya , Ding Tao , Li Meina , Zhang Lulu 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesDoctors in public hospitals in China face considerable pressure and excessive workloads, which are likely to predispose them to job dissatisfaction. We explored the job satisfaction of doctors and examined the influence of diverse sociodemographic characteristics.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingEleven tertiary public hospitals in Shanghai, China.ParticipantsThe questionnaire was designed based on the fifth National Health Service General Research, which was based on the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered to 897 doctors randomly (using random number tables) and 730 were returned completed (response rate=81.4%). Doctors who volunteered and provided informed, written consent participated.Primary outcome measuresThe dependent variable was doctors’ job satisfaction.ResultsStatistical analyses were conducted using SPSS and SAS. Overall, 64.8% of participants were dissatisfied with their jobs. Factors that were statistically significant to doctors’ job satisfaction in the univariate analysis were entered into the logistic regression analysis, including doctors’ professional title, department, work hours, work requirements (reflected as the number of patients they diagnosed and treated monthly), life and work stress, and the types of patients that doctors treated or expected to treat. The results of the logistic regression analysis suggested that doctors’ job satisfaction was related to their professional title, types of patients that doctors treated or expected to treat, as well as their work stress.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for public hospitals in China to establish a more reasonable promotion and management system for doctors, encourage patients to accept the two-way referral, pay more attention to less-experienced staff and help doctors release their work stress.