bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moduli identification methods in Type II compactifications
Authors: Gray James , Parsian Hadi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent work on four dimensional effective descriptions of the heterotic string has identified the moduli of such systems as being given by kernels of maps between ordinary Dolbeault cohomology groups. The maps involved are defined by the supergravity data of the background solutions. Such structure is seen both in the case of Calabi-Yau compactifications with non-trivial constraints on moduli arising from the gauge bundle and in the case of some non-Kähler compactifications of the theory. This description of the moduli has allowed the explicit computation of the moduli stabilization effects of a wide range of non-trivial gauge bundles on Calabi-Yau three-folds. In this paper we examine to what extent the ideas and techniques used in this work can be extended to the case of flux compactifications of Type IIB string theory. Certain simplifications arise in the Type IIB case in comparison to the heterotic situation. However, complications also arise due to the richer supergravity data of the theory inducing a more involved map structure. We illustrate our discussion with several concrete examples of compactification of Type IIB string theory on conformal CICY three-folds with flux.
Differential decay rates of CP-even and CP-odd Higgs bosons to top and bottom quarks at NNLO QCD
Authors: Bernreuther Werner , Chen Long , Si Zong-Guo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe consider the decay of a neutral Higgs boson of arbitrary CP nature to a massive quark antiquark pair at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. Our analysis is made at the differential level using the antenna subtraction framework. We apply our general set-up to the decays of a CP-even and CP-odd heavy Higgs boson to a top-quark top-antiquark pair and to the decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson to a massive bottom-quark bottom-antiquark pair. In the latter case we calculate, in particular, the two-jet, three-jet, and four-jet decay rates and, for two-jet events, the energy distribution of the leading jet.
Developing a low‐cost milliliter‐scale chemostat array for precise control of cellular growth
Authors: Skelding David , Hart Samuel F M , Vidyasagar Thejas , Pozhitkov Alexander E , Shou Wenying 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundMultiplexed milliliter‐scale chemostats are useful for measuring cell physiology under various degrees of nutrient limitation and for carrying out evolution experiments. In each chemostat, fresh medium containing a growth rate‐limiting metabolite is pumped into the culturing chamber at a constant rate, while culture effluent exits at an equal rate. Although such devices have been developed by various labs, key parameters — the accuracy, precision, and operational range of flow rate — are not explicitly characterized.MethodsHere we re‐purpose a published multiplexed culturing device to develop a multiplexed milliliter‐scale chemostat. Flow rates for eight chambers can be independently controlled to a wide range, corresponding to population doubling times of 3~13 h, without the use of expensive feedback systems.ResultsFlow rates are precise, with the maximal coefficient of variation among eight chambers being less than 3%. Flow rates are accurate, with average flow rates being only slightly below targets, i.e., 3%–6% for 13‐h and 0.6%–1.0% for 3
‐h doubling times. This deficit is largely due to evaporation and should be correctable. We experimentally demonstrate that our device allows accurate and precise quantification of population phenotypes.ConclusionsWe achieve precise control of cellular growth in a low‐cost milliliter‐scale chemostat array, and show that the achieved precision reduces the error when measuring biological processes.
Attitudes Toward Penile Transplantation Among Urologists and Health Professionals
Authors: Najari Bobby , Flannigan Ryan , Hobgood Jackson , Paduch Darius 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Penile transplantation, in its infancy, has the potential to reestablish functional outcomes for men with penile loss and disfigurement. However, significant bioethical considerations are pertinent, and systematic discussions are necessary to safely progress implementation.

Aim
To determine the attitude of health practitioners toward the penile transplant and identify the key aspects of concern pertinent to the operation and clinical care.

Methods
Health care professionals from the United States responded to either email invitation, web link, or social media post on Facebook to complete a questionnaire investigating perceptions and attitudes toward penile transplantation.

Main Outcome Measures
Respondents' attitude toward penile transplantation, their own perceived important functions of the penis, and concerns about performing a penile transplantation. Respondents' previous exposure to visceral transplants, to penile disfigurement, and information about penile transplants were used as independent factors in analysis.

Results
Among 412 health care professionals who responded to the questionnaire, 95.9% were in favor of visceral organ transplant, but only 64.3% were in favor of penile transplantation. The results showed that 61.3% of respondents first learned about the penile transplant from mass media, whereas only 37.5% had been exposed through a scientific journal, formal lecture, or a professional colleague. Younger health professionals and those exposed through professional forums surrounding penile transplantation were more likely to be in favor of the procedure (P &lt; .001). The most important functions of the penis were identified by respondents as being sexual function (role in sexual activity) and gender identity (being a man) with rates of 86.4% and 85.3%, respectively (P &lt; .001). Barriers identified by respondents included the use of immunosuppression and the potential subsequent effect on healthcare resource utilization. Reading an excerpt about penile trauma in war during the questionnaire improved acceptance of penile transplantation (P = .05).

Conclusion
Penile transplantation is accepted by most health professionals surveyed. Younger respondents and those informed through professional outlets are more favorable toward penile transplantation. Anticipated limitations include the risk of immunosuppression, lack of available donors, and the effect on healthcare utilization.
On the Mabinogion urn model
Authors: Stenlund David 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the Mabinogion urn model introduced by Williams (1991). Therein he describes an optimal control problem where the objective is to maximize the expected final number of objects of one kind in the Mabinogion urn model. Our main contribution is formulae for the expected time to absorption and its asymptotic behaviour in the optimally controlled process. We also present results for the noncontrolled Mabinogion urn process and briefly analyze other strategies that become superior if a certain discount factor is included.
Coagulation and universal scaling limits for critical Galton–Watson processes
Authors: Iyer Gautam , Leger Nicholas , Pego Robert L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe basis of this paper is the elementary observation that then-step descendant distribution of any Galton–Watson process satisfies a discrete Smoluchowski coagulation equation with multiple coalescence. Using this we obtain simple necessary and sufficient criteria for the convergence of scaling limits of critical Galton–Watson processes in terms of scaled family-size distributions and a natural notion of convergence of Lévy triples. Our results provide a clear and natural interpretation, and an alternate proof, of the fact that the Lévy jump measure of certain continuous-state branching processes (CSBPs) satisfies a generalized Smoluchowski equation. (This result was previously proved by Bertoin and Le Gall (2006).) Our analysis shows that the nonlinear scaling dynamics of CSBPs becomelinear and purely dilatationalwhen expressed in terms of the Lévy triple associated with the branching mechanism. We prove a continuity theorem for CSBPs in terms of the associated Lévy triples, and use our scaling analysis to prove the existence ofuniversalcritical Galton–Watson processes and CSBPs analogous to Doeblin's `universal laws'. Namely, these universal processes generateallpossible critical and subcritical CSBPs as subsequential scaling limits. Our convergence results rely on a natural topology for Lévy triples and a continuity theorem for Bernstein transforms (Laplace exponents) which we develop in a self-contained appendix.
Error bounds for augmented truncation approximations of Markov chains via the perturbation method
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Li Wendi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLetPbe the transition matrix of a positive recurrent Markov chain on the integers with invariant probability vectorπT, and let(n)P̃ be a stochastic matrix, formed by augmenting the entries of the (n+ 1) x (n+ 1) northwest corner truncation ofParbitrarily, with invariant probability vector(n)πT. We derive computableV-norm bounds on the error betweenπTand(n)πTin terms of the perturbation method from three different aspects: the Poisson equation, the residual matrix, and the norm ergodicity coefficient, which we prove to be effective by showing that they converge to 0 asntends to ∞ under suitable conditions. We illustrate our results through several examples. Comparing our error bounds with the ones of Tweedie (1998), we see that our bounds are more applicable and accurate. Moreover, we also consider possible extensions of our results to continuous-time Markov chains.
Use of Big Data and Information and Communications Technology in Disasters: An Integrative Review
Authors: Freeman Jeffrey D. , Blacker Brigette , Hatt Grace , Tan Sophia , Ratcliff Jeremy , Woolf Thomas B. , Tower Craig , Barnett Daniel J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTNovel approaches to improving disaster response have begun to include the use of big data and information and communication technology (ICT). However, there remains a dearth of literature on the use of these technologies in disasters. We have conducted an integrative literature review on the role of ICT and big data in disasters. Included in the review were 113 studies that met our predetermined inclusion criteria. Most studies used qualitative methods (39.8%, n=45) over mixed methods (31%, n=35) or quantitative methods (29.2%, n=33). Nearly 80% (n=88) covered only the response phase of disasters and only 15% (n=17) of the studies addressed disasters in low- and middle-income countries. The 4 most frequently mentioned tools were geographic information systems, social media, patient information, and disaster modeling. We suggest testing ICT and big data tools more widely, especially outside of high-income countries, as well as in nonresponse phases of disasters (eg, disaster recovery), to increase an understanding of the utility of ICT and big data in disasters. Future studies should also include descriptions of the intended users of the tools, as well as implementation challenges, to assist other disaster response professionals in adapting or creating similar tools. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:353–367)
OVERGROWN COURTYARDS AND TILLED FIELDS: IMAGE-BASED DEBATES ON GOVERNANCE AND BODY POLITICS IN THEMENGZI,ZHUANGZI, ANDHUAINANZI
Authors: Zürn Tobias Benedikt 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThus far, scholarship on early China has mainly focused on conceptual debates and re-interpretations of terminology. I showcase in this article a methodology called metaphorology that enables us to analyze how discourses developed through the reworking of images. In particular, I reconstruct a discourse on governance and self-cultivational practices as enshrined inMengzi3A.4, theZhuangzi’s “Mati” chapter andHuainanzi9.13. WhileMengzi3A.4 purports that the cultivation of agricultural fields and human bodies are necessary steps in the civilizational process, theZhuangzi’s “Mati” chapter demands a decultivation of the human population and a return to the wilderness. In my reading,Huainanzi9.13, from the “Arts of Rulership” chapter, amalgamates these two image-based debates with the help of the metaphors of the ruler as an overgrown courtyard and the officials as tilled fields. Hence, I propose thatHuainanzi9.13 creates its integrative vision of governance that promotes both education and decultivation by synthesizing the “Mati” chapter's focus on wilderness andMengzi3A.4's concerns with tilling. As a result, I encourage us to engage fully in imagery's role as a central and foundational aspect of early Chinese debate culture rather than a rhetorical side effect of its various discourses.
Effects of limiting memory capacity on the behaviour of exemplar dynamics
Authors: Goodman B. , Tupper P. F. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Exemplar models are a popular class of models used to describe language change. Here we study how limiting the memory capacity of an individual in these models affects the system's behaviour. In particular, we demonstrate the effect this change has on the extinction of categories. Previous work in exemplar dynamics has not addressed this question. In order to investigate this, we will inspect a simplified exemplar model. We will prove for the simplified model that all the sound categories but one will always become extinct, whether memory storage is limited or not. However, computer simulations show that changing the number of stored memories alters how fast categories become extinct.
On an ageing class based on the moment generating function order
Authors: Ghosh Shyamal , Mitra Murari 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We develop shock model theory in different scenarios for the ℳ-class of life distributions introduced by Klar and Müller (2003). We also study the cumulative damage model of A-Hameed and Proschan (1975) in the context of ℳ-class and establish analogous results. We obtain moment bounds and explore weak convergence issues within the ℳ-class of life distributions.
Approximation of the difference of two Poisson-like counts by Skellam
Authors: Gan H. L. , Kolaczyk Eric D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPoisson-like behavior for event count data is ubiquitous in nature. At the same time, differencing of such counts arises in the course of data processing in a variety of areas of application. As a result, the Skellam distribution – defined as the distribution of the difference of two independent Poisson random variables – is a natural candidate for approximating the difference of Poisson-like event counts. However, in many contexts strict independence, whether between counts or among events within counts, is not a tenable assumption. Here we characterize the accuracy in approximating the difference of Poisson-like counts by a Skellam random variable. Our results fully generalize existing, more limited, results in this direction and, at the same time, our derivations are significantly more concise and elegant. We illustrate the potential impact of these results in the context of problems from network analysis and image processing, where various forms of weak dependence can be expected.
A quenched central limit theorem for biased random walks on supercritical Galton–Watson trees
Authors: Bowditch Adam 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper we prove a quenched functional central limit theorem for a biased random walk on a supercritical Galton–Watson tree with leaves. This extends a result of Peres and Zeitouni (2008) where the case without leaves was considered. A conjecture of Ben Arous and Fribergh (2016) suggests an upper bound on the bias which we observe to be sharp.
Hazard rate ordering of the largest order statistics from geometric random variables
Authors: Kim Bara , Kim Jeongsim 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Mao and Hu (2010) left an open problem about the hazard rate order between the largest order statistics from two samples of n geometric random variables. Du et al. (2012) solved this open problem when n = 2, and Wang (2015) solved for 2 ≤ n ≤ 9. In this paper we completely solve this problem for any value of n.
Concentrated sugars and incidence of prostate cancer in a prospective cohort
Authors: Miles Fayth L. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Zhang Zuo-Feng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe association between consumption of added or concentrated sugars and prostate cancer risk is unclear. We examined the association between concentrated sugars in beverages and desserts and prostate cancer risk among 22 720 men in the usual-care arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, enrolled during 1993–2001. After a median follow-up of 9 years, 1996 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for prostate cancer risk and 95 % CI, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Increased consumption of sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer for men in the highest quartile of sugar consumption (HR: 1·21; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·39), and there was a linear trend (P<0·01). There were no linear associations between prostate cancer risk and consumption of sugars from fruit juices or dessert foods. In conclusion, in this prospective substudy within the PLCO trial, consumption of sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer among men receiving standard medical care. Our study suggests that limiting intake of sugars from beverages may be important in the prevention of prostate cancer.
‘It Gives Us a Power and Strength which We Do Not Possess’: Martiality, manliness, and India's Great War enlistment drive
Authors: UPTON ROBERT E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article studies the extraordinarily broad advocacy of military enlistment by India's political and intellectual elites during the First World War. Though often interpreted as politically motivated, it shows above all a preoccupation with the enlivening effects of military experience—in particular its development of courage and manliness. In this it followed an established pattern of Indian elite concern with martiality. It also reflected anxieties of Indian weakness and effeminacy—something elites indicted themselves for, but which, importantly, they assumed to be more generally prevalent. Sampling calls for enlistment in the public space throughout the war, the article focuses on Bombay Presidency—a region that gave rise to such prominent Indian voices for enlistment as M. K. Gandhi, B. G. Tilak, and M. A. Jinnah. Bombay's recent experience of relative exclusion from military recruitment, and from membership of the ‘martial races’, was representative of much of India. This article enables us to view the effects of such ‘demartialization’ away from the classic case of Bengal. It suggests that it helped to inspire the call to enlist, especially as public spokesmen for the ‘martial race’ ideology explicitly linked martiality with manliness. The concern for enlistment ultimately superseded political calculation even for so hard-nosed a politician as Tilak. And though elites were most obviously concerned for their own martial vigour and leadership, they were also concerned with the manliness of the bulk of India's population, especially in Gandhi's conception of war as a preparation forsatyagraha.
EXPOSURE IN VIVOVERSUSPAIN-CONTINGENT PHYSICAL THERAPY IN COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME TYPE I: A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
Authors: den Hollander Marlies , Heijnders Noortje , de Jong Jeroen R. , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Smeets Rob J.E.M. , Goossens Mariëlle E.J.B. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of exposure in vivo (EXP, a cognitive-behavioral treatment targeting pain-related fear) in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I (CRPS-I), as compared to pain-contingent physical therapy (PPT).Methods:Data from a randomized controlled trial were used to compare the cost-effectiveness of EXPversusPPT from a societal perspective. Intervention costs, other healthcare costs, costs to patient and family, and productivity losses were included. The main outcomes were changes in the SF-36 physical component scale and quality-adjusted life-years. Changes were followed until 6 months after treatment. Uncertainty was estimated using nonparametric bootstrap analysis, cost-effectiveness acceptability curves and cost-effectiveness planes. Sensitivity analyses were performed to check robustness of findings.Results:Forty-six patients were randomized and thirty-eight completed the study. Over 6 months, EXP resulted in greater improvement in physical health-related quality of life and quality-adjusted life-years than PPT. Despite higher initial treatment costs, EXP showed a tendency to reduce all costs compared with PPT; healthcare costs were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness planes were in favor of EXP. Sensitivity analyses, for different program costs and complete cases only, confirmed robustness of these findings.Conclusions:EXP, a cognitive-behavioral treatment, seems more cost-effective than PPT in CRPS patients with pain-related fear. The initial higher costs for EXP are offset by a long-term reduction of costs for healthcare use, and a tendency to lower work absenteeism and reduced societal costs. Due to low sample sizes, replication of findings is required to confirm results.
Cost-effectiveness of treating infantile haemangioma with propranolol in an outpatient setting
Authors: Chaturvedi Kanupriya , Steinberg Joni S. , Snyder Christopher S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfantile haemangioma is one of the most commonly known benign vascular tumours of infancy and childhood, having an incidence of 3–10%. Most lesions regress spontaneously; however, some may require treatment owing to their clinical and cosmetic effects. Propranolol has become the treatment of choice for infantile haemangioma, but treatment protocols are largely institutional based without any specific consensus guidelines. Our aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of propranolol use as inpatient versus outpatient therapy.MethodsA decision tree model was created depicting alternate strategies for initiating propranolol treatment on an inpatient versus outpatient basis combined with the option of a pretreatment echocardiogram applied to both strategies. Cost analysis was assumed to be based on treatment of haemangioma in patients who were born at term, had no chronic illnesses, a non-life-threatening location of the haemangioma, and those who were not taking any other medications that could potentiate the side effects of propranolol. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the probability of side effects.ResultsThe average cost incurred for inpatient treatment of infantile haemangioma was approximately $2603 for a single hospital day and increased to $2843 with the addition of an echocardiogram. The expected cost of treatment in the outpatient setting was $138, which increased to $828 after the addition of an echocardiogram.ConclusionTreating infantile haemangioma with propranolol is more cost-effective when initiated on an outpatient basis.
A case of Kounis syndrome associated with branched-chain amino acid supplementation in a 17-year-old boy
Authors: Dogan Volkan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKounis Syndrome is characterised by the concurrence of acute coronary syndrome with mast cell activation induced by inflammatory mediators released during an allergic reaction. Although several factors and diseases were reported to be associated with Kounis Syndrome, branched-chain amino acid supplements have not been previously reported as a cause of Kounis Syndrome. We present a 17-year-old boy admitted to our hospital with thoracic pain after the ingestion of a branched-chain amino acid supplement.