bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization of Matrix Metalloproteinases in regenerating lizard tail suggests that an intense remodelling activity allows for apical tail growth
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRegeneration of the tail in lizards suggests that a continuous remodelling process is active in the developing tissues. The present immunological study has detected Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), previously indicated from a transcriptome study, in the lizard Podarcis muralis. Immunoblots show a main labelled band for MMPs around 68 kDa, possibly a MMP16‐like. Immunofluorescence shows that MMPs are mainly present in the central apical region of the mesenchymal blastema, in the ependyma of regenerating spinal cord, and in the basal layer and basement membrane‐region of the apical wound epidermis. The immune‐labelling decreases or disappears in differentiating tissues present in proximal regions of the regenerating tail such as the epidermis and dermis, muscles, inner connective tissues and in the axial cartilaginous tube. The prevalent localization of MMPs in the central mesenchyme of the blastema indicates a continuous remodelling of the extracellular matrix that actively contributes to the progressive distal growth of the apical blastema into a new tail. The study stresses that in regenerating organs of amniotes, a massive growth can only occur where connective tissues are maintained loose by the continuous action of extracellular matrix proteases in concert with the high production of hyaluronate and consequent tissue hydration.
The importance of being pregnant: On the healthcare need for uterus transplantation
Authors: Sandman Lars 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearchers have recently provided proof of concept for uterus transplantation, giving rise to a discussion about priority setting. This article analyses whether absolute uterine‐factor infertility (AUFI), the main indication for uterus transplantation, gives rise to a healthcare need and the extent to which such a need places justified claims on public funding in a needs‐based welfare system. It is argued that, regardless of the concept of health to which one subscribes, there is a healthcare need for uterus transplantation in women with AUFI. The provision of alternative ways of addressing this need, such as surrogacy and adoption, reduces its severity. Hence, where such alternatives are publicly funded, uterus transplantation is unlikely to become cost‐effective. However, where surrogacy and adoption are not publicly funded, uterus transplantation should be given a similar priority level to other assisted reproductive technologies. In these circumstances, public funding for uterus transplants may well be justified, particularly in well‐funded healthcare system with relatively generous cost‐effectiveness thresholds.
Retrieval practice opportunities in middle school mathematics teachers’ oral questions
Authors: Fazio Lisa K. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundTasks that involve retrieving information from memory, such as answering short answer questions, are more effective at improving learning than restudying, concept mapping, and other study techniques. However, little is known about how often teachers naturally provide these retrieval practice opportunities during lectures and classroom discussions.AimsTo identify how often teachers ask questions that require retrieval, what types of retrieval questions they ask, and whether teachers in high‐growth classrooms differ in their use of retrieval questions compared to teachers in low‐growth classrooms.SampleThe sample included twenty middle school mathematics classrooms that showed high growth on a test of mathematics achievement and twenty with low growth. For each classroom, we examined a videotape of one class period.MethodsWe coded the number of teacher questions in each lesson, and the number and type of questions that provided an opportunity for retrieval.ResultsWe found wide variability in the frequency and type of questions asked across classrooms. On average, almost half of the non‐classroom management questions provided an opportunity for retrieval. However, teachers in high‐ and low‐growth classrooms asked similar numbers and types of retrieval questions.ConclusionsTeachers naturally use a wide variety of retrieval questions in their mathematics classrooms. As such, improving their use of retrieval opportunities will require only small changes to their natural practice, rather than large changes to their instructional style.
Metformin produces anxiolytic‐like effects in rats by facilitating GABAA receptor trafficking to membrane
Authors: Fan Jun , Li Di , Chen Hong‐Sheng , Huang Jian‐Geng , Xu Jun‐Feng , Zhu Wen‐Wen , Chen Jian‐Guo , Wang Fang 
Published: October 2018

Background and PurposeAltered function or expression of GABAA receptors contributes to anxiety disorders. Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed for the treatment of anxiety. However, the long‐term use of benzodiazepines increases the risk of developing drug dependence and tolerance. Thus, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic approaches. Metformin is widely used to treat Type 2 diabetes and other metabolic syndromes. However, the role of metformin in psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety, remains largely unknown.Experimental ApproachWe examined the effects of metformin on anxiety‐like behaviour of rats in open field test and elevated plus maze test. We also observed the effect of metformin (10 μM, in vitro; 100 mg·kg−1, in vivo) on the trafficking of GABAA receptors, as mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic effects of metformin.Key ResultsMetformin (100 mg·kg−1, i.p. 30 min) displayed a robust and rapid anxiolytic effect, without tolerance. Metformin up‐regulated the surface expression of GABAA receptors and increased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activated by metformin‐induced stimulation of forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) transcriptional activity, followed by increased expression of GABAA receptor‐associated protein (GABARAP) and its binding to GABAA receptors finally resulted in the membrane insertion of GABAA receptors.Conclusions and ImplicationsMetformin increased mIPSCs by up‐regulating the membrane insertion of GABAA receptors, via a pathway involving AMPK, FoxO3a, and the GABAA receptor‐associated protein. Thus metformin has a potential new use in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Children's Conceptions of Ownership for Self and Other: Categorical Ownership Versus Strength of Claim
Authors: Davoodi Telli , Nelson Laura J. , Blake Peter R. 
Published: October 2018

Children are capable of viewing object ownership as categorical and exclusive, but ownership claims can also vary by degree. This study investigated how children use these different conceptions of ownership in a giving and a taking task. In two studies, 4‐ to 7‐year olds (N = 105) could give and take craft objects that they or another child had found (weaker claim) and made (stronger claim). In Study 1, no additional ownership information was given, and in Study 2 categorical ownership was stated (“these belong to you”). The results showed that children used categorical ownership for their own objects but used ownership strength for the other child's objects, taking more of the found items.
Effects of seascape connectivity on reserve performance along exposed coastlines
Authors: Ortodossi Nicholas L. , Gilby Ben L. , Schlacher Thomas A. , Connolly Rod M. , Yabsley Nicholas A. , Henderson Christopher J. , Olds Andrew D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeascape connectivity (landscape connectivity in the sea) can modify reserve performance in low‐energy marine ecosystems (e.g., coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass), but it is not clear whether similar spatial linkages also shape reserve effectiveness on high‐energy, exposed coastlines. We used the surf zones of ocean beaches in eastern Australia as a model system to test how seascape connectivity and reserve attributes combine to shape conservation outcomes. Spatial patterns in fish assemblages were measured using baited remote underwater video stations in 12 marine reserves and 15 fished beaches across 2000 km of exposed coastline. Reserve performance was shaped by both the characteristics of reserves and the spatial properties of the coastal seascapes in which reserves were embedded. Number of fish species and abundance of harvested fishes were highest in surf‐zone reserves that encompassed >1.5 km of the surf zone; were located < 100 m to rocky headlands; and included pocket beaches in a heterogeneous seascape. Conservation outcomes for exposed coastlines may, therefore, be enhanced by prioritizing sufficiently large areas of seascapes that are strongly linked to abutting complementary habitats. Our findings have broader implications for coastal conservation planning. Empirical data to describe how the ecological features of high‐energy shorelines influence conservation outcomes are lacking, and we suggest that seascape connectivity may have similar ecological effects on reserve performance on both sheltered and exposed coastlines.
MaDHS: Many‐objective discrete harmony search to improve existing package design
Authors: Prajapati Amarjeet , Chhabra Jitender Kumar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecently, many computational intelligence algorithms have been proposed to address software remodularization problem. Unfortunately, it has been observed that the performance of optimizers degrades with the optimization problem containing more than three objectives. In this paper, we propose a many‐objective discrete harmony search (MaDHS) to address the software remodularization problem having more than three objectives. The basic idea of MaDHS is that it uses the quality indicator Iϵ + and external archive to rank and store the nondominated solutions. Along with MaDHS, five remodularization objectives, ie, low coupling, high cohesion, low modification degree, quality of class distribution, and low package instability have also been adapted to improve the package structure of existing object‐oriented software systems. To improve the accuracy of modularization solution, the coupling and cohesion objectives are formulated in terms of various dimensions of direct coupling relationships. To test the supremacy of the proposed approach, it is evaluated over eight real‐world object‐oriented software systems. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms the other existing approaches in terms of couplings, cohesion, modularization quality, modularization merit factor, rate per refactoring of achieved improvement, and external developers view.
Once‐daily vs twice‐daily tacrolimus for de novo living kidney transplantation patients including ABO/HLA compatible and incompatible: A randomized trial
Authors: Okumi Masayoshi , Unagami Kohei , Furusawa Miyuki , Kakuta Yoichi , IIzuka Junpei , Takagi Toshio , Shirakawa Hiroki , Shimizu Tomokazu , Omoto Kazuya , Inui Masashi , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTacrolimus (TAC) is available as a twice‐daily capsule (TAC‐BID), once‐daily capsule (TAC‐QD), and once‐daily tablet. Recipients with ABO‐incompatible/anti‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐incompatible transplantation were excluded in previous trials and have thus not been evaluated. We conducted a 5‐year trial to determine whether TAC‐QD is noninferior to TAC‐BID for transplant outcomes. Adults who underwent de novo living kidney transplantation were randomly assigned (62 TAC‐QD; 63 TAC‐BID). We did not exclude ABO‐/HLA‐ incompatible transplantation. TAC was initiated 7 days preoperatively (0.10 mg/kg/d). Mycophenolate mofetil, methylprednisolone, and basiliximab were administered. The primary endpoint was graft failure (non‐censored for death). We performed a noninferiority test. The noninferiority margin was 10% in risk difference. Five‐year graft failure rates were 6.5% and 9.5% for TAC‐QD and TAC‐BID, respectively (noninferiority, P = 0.009). The estimated glomerular filtration rates were similar between the groups (noninferiority, P < 0.001). TAC‐QD did not have point estimates of risk difference above the inferiority margin in any assessed endpoints. However, a tendency of interaction was observed between biopsy‐proven acute rejection and the follow‐up period. In a living kidney transplant population with 40% of patients with ABO/HLA incompatibility, the effect of TAC‐QD was not appreciably worse on various clinical transplant outcomes than that of TAC‐BID over 5 years.
Tacrolimus trough and dose intra‐patient variability and CYP3A5 genotype: Effects on acute rejection and graft failure in European American and African American kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Seibert Stephan R. , Schladt David P. , Wu Baolin , Guan Weihua , Dorr Casey , Remmel Rory P. , Matas Arthur J. , Mannon Roslyn B. , Israni Ajay K. , Oetting William S. , Jacobson Pamala A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundSuboptimal immunosuppression after kidney transplantation contributes to toxicity and loss of efficacy. Little is known regarding the impact of intra‐patient variability of tacrolimus (TAC) doses and troughs in the early post‐transplant period or the influence of genetic variants on variability.MethodsCoefficients of variation (CV) of TAC troughs and doses of 1226 European American (EA) and 246 African American (AA) adult recipients enrolled in DeKAF Genomics were compared for association with acute rejection and graft failure. Additionally, the influence of recipients’ number of CYP3A5 loss‐of‐function alleles was assessed.ResultsAcute rejection was associated with greater CV of dose in AA (P < 0.001) and EA recipients (P = 0.012). Graft failure was associated with a greater CV of dose (P = 0.022) and trough (P < 0.001) in AA, and higher CV of trough (P = 0.024) in EA recipients. In EA, CYP3A5 loss‐of‐function alleles were associated with decreased CV of trough (P = 0.0042) and increased CV of dose (P < 0.0001).ConclusionCYP3A5 loss‐of‐function alleles influence intra‐patient TAC trough and dose variability. High variability of TAC dose increases risk of acute rejection. High variability of TAC trough increases risk of graft failure. Early clinical recognition of TAC dose and trough variability may improve patient management and outcomes.
Respiratory morbidity in children with cerebral palsy: an overview
Authors: Boel Lieve , Pernet Kurt , Toussaint Michel , Ides Kris , Leemans Glenn , Haan Jurn , Van Hoorenbeeck Kim , Verhulst Stijn 
Published: October 2018

Respiratory problems have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). In particular, recurrent aspiration, impaired airway clearance, spinal and thoracic deformity, impaired lung function, poor nutritional status, and recurrent respiratory infections negatively affect respiratory status. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia may contribute to pulmonary problems, but asthma is not more common in CP than in the general population. We discuss treatment options for each of these factors. Multiple coexisting and interacting factors that influence the respiratory status of patients with CP should be recognized and effectively addressed to reduce respiratory morbidity and mortality.What this paper adds

Respiratory problems are a significant cause of morbidity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP).

Respiratory status in patients with CP is influenced by recurrent aspiration and impaired airway clearance.

Spinal and thoracic deformity, impaired lung function, poor nutrition, and respiratory infections also negatively affect respiratory status.

These factors should all be addressed to reduce respiratory problems in patients with CP.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Terrorism
Authors: Nurunnabi Mohammad , Sghaier Asma 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe term “terrorism” is notoriously difficult to define, but terrorism has become a global concern over the last two decades. The findings of prior research on the social, political, and economic determinants of terrorism are mixed and inconclusive. Accordingly, this study investigates the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and terrorism in Tunisia for the period 1979–2015. The error correction model has been used to determine the stability of any long‐term relationship. Using autoregressive distributed lag bound testing, the findings reveal that the unemployment rate, political instability, the informal sector and higher school enrollment rates positively and significantly affect terrorism. However, gross domestic product per capita and foreign direct investment have a negative and significant impact on terrorism. Interestingly, the poverty rate has no relationship to terrorism. Policy implications and future research are also discussed.
Comparing three methods to estimate the average size at first maturity: A case study on a Curimatid exhibiting polyphasic growth
Authors: Hashiguti Danielly Torres , Soares Bruno Eleres , Wilson Kyle Logan , Oliveira‐Raiol Roberta Dannyelle , Montag Luciano Fogaça de Assis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe average size at first |maturity (L50) is among the most important parameters for fisheries management and conservation. This paper aims to compare three different methods for its estimation. Considering a classical approach, a logistic model was used (a) by determining the gonadal stage macroscopically; and (b) by using the GSI as proxy of sexual maturity; and finally; (c) by using the length–weight relationship (LWR) in a theoretical approach. The proposed methods were applied using data of a detritivorous fish, Cyphocharax abramoides, monthly sampled using gill nets. Captured individuals were measured, weighed, sexed and the gonadal stage was classified macroscopically and weighed. Estimated L50 values using the macroscopic identification, GSI approach and LWR were not different from each other considering confidence intervals. Between the three different techniques, we concluded that the analysis of the LWR in fishes with polyphasic growth presented promising results as it only requires length and weight data to be performed and estimate a L50 within the range of both classical logistic models analysed.
Youth‐focused group mindfulness‐based intervention in individuals with early psychosis: A randomized pilot feasibility study
Authors: MacDougall Arlene G. , Price Elizabeth , Vandermeer Matthew R. J. , Lloyd Chantelle , Bird Richelle , Sethi Rickinder , Shanmugalingam Aturan , Carr Jason , Anderson Kelly K. , Norman Ross M. G. 
Published: October 2018

AimTo assess the feasibility of a randomized pilot trial that evaluated the acceptability and potential clinical utility of the Mindfulness Ambassador Program (MAP), a unique, standardized 12‐session facilitated group mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI) for youth experiencing early psychosis.MethodsTwenty‐one patients of an early psychosis intervention program were randomized to receive MAP (n = 11) or treatment as usual (n = 10). Acceptability was measured by group attendance rate and client satisfaction; feasibility of the study design was measured by the recruitment and retention rate. The means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals were described for outcomes of interest.ResultsMAP is associated with a high degree of acceptability and has beneficial effects for depression and fatigue. The randomized trial design is feasible.ConclusionsThis study provides important pilot data supporting a larger randomized trial of effectiveness for MAP as a group MBI for early psychosis. Details of MAP and study limitations are discussed.
A computational strategy for damage‐tolerant design of hollow shafts under mixed‐mode loading condition
Authors: Lepore Marcello Antonio , Yarullin Rustam , Maligno Angelo Rosario , Sepe Raffaele 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional numerical analyses, using the finite element method (FEM), have been adopted to simulate fatigue crack propagation in a hollow cylindrical specimen, under pure axial or combined axial‐torsion loading conditions. Specimens, made of Al alloys B95AT and D16T, have been experimentally tested under pure axial load and combined in‐phase constant amplitude axial and torsional loadings. The stress intensity factors (SIFs) have been calculated, according to the J‐integral approach, along the front of a part through crack, initiated in correspondence of the outer surface of a hollow cylindrical specimen. The crack path is evaluated by using the maximum energy release rate (MERR) criterion, whereas the Paris law is used to calculate crack growth rates. A numerical and experimental comparison of the results is presented, showing a good agreement in terms of crack growth rates and paths.
Association between health‐related quality of life and work status in older Korean adults
Authors: Kim Jinseok , Noh Jin‐Won , Park Jumin , Huh Taewook , Kwon Young Dae 
Published: October 2018

AimEmployment status has consistently been associated with health‐related quality of life. This study investigated the effect of age on the association between work status and health‐related quality of life in Korean adults using a large, nationally representative sample.MethodsWe used data from the Korean Health Panel, and ran a series of random effects panel models to test the relationship between quality of life as measured by the EuroQol five‐dimension questionnaire and work status. The moderation effect of age on the relationship between quality of life and work status was also tested in the same model.ResultsOverall, Korean adults who were employed reported a higher level of quality of life than those who were unemployed. Furthermore, the relationship between quality of life and work status was stronger for those who were aged ≥60 years compared with those who were not.ConclusionsEmployment status among older people was found to have a greater association on quality of life than among younger people. Thus, it is necessary to carry out further research for employment status of older people about the relationship with quality of life. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1629–1633.
Identifying the processes of change and engagement from using a social network intervention for people with long‐term conditions. A qualitative study
Authors: Vassilev Ivaylo , Rogers Anne , Kennedy Anne , Oatley Chad , James Elizabeth 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPersonal and community networks are recognized as influencing and shaping self‐management activities and practices. An acceptable intervention which facilitates self‐management by mobilizing network support and improves network engagement has a positive impact on health and quality of life. This study aims to identify the processes through which such changes and engagement take place.MethodsThe study was conducted in the south of England in 2016‐2017 and adopted a longitudinal case study of networks design. Purposive sample of respondents with long‐term conditions (n = 15) was recruited from local groups. Barriers and facilitators to implementation were explored in interviews with key stakeholders (5).ResultsIntervention engagement leads to a deepening of relationships within networks, adding new links and achieving personal objectives relevant for improving the health and well‐being of users and network members. Such changes are supported through two pathways: the mobilization of network capabilities and by acting as a nudge. The first is a gradual process where potentially relevant changes are further contemplated by forefronting immediate concerns and negotiating acceptable means for achieving change, prioritizing objective over subjective valuations of support provided by network members and rehearsing justifications for keeping the status quo or adopting change. The second pathway changes are enacted through the availability of a potential fit between individual, network and environmental conditions of readiness.ConclusionsThe two pathways of network mobilization identified in this study illuminate the individual, network and environmental level processes involved in moving from cognitive engagement with the intervention to adopting changes in existing practice.