bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing Integration Decisions, Intermediate Goals and Market Expansion in Horizontal Acquisitions: How Marketing Fit Moderates the Relationships on Intermediate Goals
Authors: Bauer Florian , Rothermel Marcella , Tarba Shlomo Y. , Arslan Ahmad , Uzelac Borislav 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite their enormous importance for value creation, marketing topics are broadly ignored in merger and acquisitions (M&A) research. Even though the internal aspects of M&A processes receive much research attention, marketing‐related integration decisions play an important role in customer retention and market expansion. In this paper, we develop a model that integrates core marketing integration decisions, intermediate goals and market expansion by considering the contingency of marketing fit. The theoretical framework was tested empirically through a sample of 82 horizontal acquisitions made by acquirers from German‐speaking countries. Our results show that there are no universally pertinent integration decisions; rather, there are important trade‐offs that, when aggregated, may explain the insignificant results achieved by commonly accepted success factors. Furthermore, intermediate goals mediate the relationship between integration decisions and market expansion. Implications for management research and practice are also discussed.
An Ethnographic Perspective on Urban Planning in Brazil: Temporality, Diversity and Critical Urban Theory
Authors: Koster Martijn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article provides an ethnographic perspective on urban planning by presenting the creative practices of marginalized slum residents in Recife, Northeast Brazil, who are affected by planners’ decisions. It argues that such a perspective contributes to current critical urban theory in three ways. First, while many studies of urban planning follow the temporality of the timeframe of a particular project (‘project time’), this analysis emphasizes the timeframe of the lives of the affected residents (‘people's time’). Second, it attends to diversity, taking account of the variety of affected residents and the diverse consequences of urban planning on their lives. Third, it shows how urban interventions — similar to marriage, divorce, the birth of children and the death of loved ones — are high‐impact life events for the urban poor. Finally, the article assesses the engagement between ethnography and critical urban theory and argues in favour of ‘grounding’ the latter better in the analysis of actual practices and experiences.
Origin and Petrogenetic Implications of Spessartine Garnet in Highly‐Fractionated Granite from the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt
Authors: SAMI Mabrouk , NTAFLOS Theodoros , MOHAMED Haroun A. , FARAHAT Esam S. , HAUZENBERGER Christoph , MAHDY Nasser M. , ABDELFADIL Khaled M. , FATHY Douaa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA highly‐fractionated garnet‐bearing muscovite granite represents the marginal granitic facies of the Abu‐Diab multiphase pluton in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. New electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) data from garnets are reported, in order to constrain their origin and genesis. Garnet in the Abu‐Diab host granite is euhedral to subhedral, generally homogeneous and, in rare cases, it shows weak zonation. The garnet contains appreciable amounts of MnO and FeO, with lesser amounts of MgO and CaO, yielding an end‐member formula of Sps61–72Alm25–35Prp1–4Adr0–1. Moreover, it is depleted in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) with lower values of Ba, Nb and Sr relative to the primitive mantle. Additionally, it contains high concentrations of HREE and Y and their REE pattern shows strong negative Eu anomalies. The garnet was crystallized under relatively low temperature (646°C–591°C) and pressure (< 3 kbar) conditions. The textural and chemical features indicate that the garnet is magmatic in origin and is chemically similar to that from highly‐fractionated A‐type granite. It was probably formed at the expense of biotite in a highly‐evolved MnO‐rich magma and/or by hydroxyl complexing of Mn during the ascending fluid phases.
Pore Structure Characterization of Clay Minerals in the Lower Karamay Formation Conglomerate Reservoir in the Junggar Basin and its Impact on Hydrocarbon Storage and Seepage
Authors: ABITKAZY Taskyn , DU Shuheng , XU Feng , SHI Yongmin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe micro‐nano pore structure of conglomerate in the Lower Karamay Formation of the Xinjiang Oilfield, Junggar Basin, northern China is characterized to predict its impact on fluid reserves and seepage. Authigenic clay minerals are mainly kaolinite (67%), followed by an illite/smectite mixed layer (18%), illite (10%), and chlorite (5%). For kaolinite, pore throats between 0–200 nm are dominant, accounting for 90% of the total pore throats. For illite/smectite mixed layer, pore throats also between 0–200 nm account for nearly 80%, while pore throats between 200‐500 nm only account for 15%. For illite, pore throats below 100 nm account for about 80%, while pore throats in the range of 100–500 nm only account for 20%. For chlorite, most throats are below 200 nm. The pore roundness of illite is the highest, while the pore roundness of chlorite is relatively lower. The lower limits of the dynamic and static pore throat radii are 42.128 nm and 72.42 nm, respectively. The theoretical contribution rates of the illite/smectite mixed layer, kaolinite, illite and chlorite to storage/seepage are 60%/45.86%, 52.72%/38.18%, 37.07%/28.78% and 32.97%/26.3%, respectively. Therefore, the contribution rates of clay minerals in the study area are as follows: illite/smectite mixed layer, kaolinite, illite and chlorite.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide‐induced tolerogenic dendritic cells attenuated arthritis in experimental collagen‐induced arthritic mice
Authors: Wu Huaxiang , Shen Jingfang , Liu Lei , Lu Xiaoyong , Xue Jing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimCumulative evidence has revealed that tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) could relieve inflammation reactions in various autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the potential therapeutic application of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)‐induced tolDC (VIP‐DC) on arthritis using collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice.MethodsBone marrow cells were differentiated into dendritic cells (DC) using granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)‐4. tolDC were induced by either VIP or Bay 11‐7082 in vitro. Immunophenotypes and cytokine production of VIP‐DC and Bay‐DC were detected by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Bay‐DC, VIP‐DC and untreated DC were ip administrated to CIA mice on day 40 when arthritis was onset. The treatment effects on arthritic and pathological changes, including synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, inflammation and bone erosion, were assessed.ResultsVIP‐DC (40 ng/mL) and Bay‐DC (0.5 µg/mL) had a lower level of major histocompatibility complex II, CD40 and CD86 expression, reduced γ‐interferon and increased IL‐4 production (P < 0.05 or 0.01), compared with untreated DC. The administration of VIP‐DC and Bay‐DC decreased the arthritis score clinically at the end of the therapy. Pathological assessments showed that bone erosion and inflammation were alleviated in the VIP‐DC group compared with those in the untreated DC group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionVIP‐DC showed reduced immunogenicity and enhanced anti‐inflammatory cytokine production. Both VIP‐DC and Bay‐DC could ameliorate arthritis in CIA mice clinically. VIP‐DC were not inferior to Bay 11‐7082‐induced tolDC but may exert a better preventive effect on bone destruction.
Forecast Accuracy and Consistent Preferences for the Timing of Information Arrival
Authors: Hofmann Christian , Rothenberg Naomi R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWe study a principal's choice of whether to produce an imperfect forecast about a firm's outcome either before or after an agent's effort choice. The early forecast affects the agent's effort choice, which means the forecast can also be used to infer information about the effect of the agent's effort on outcome. The late forecast is more accurate because, by working hard, the agent also learns about productivity, implying that the late forecast has an additional performance measurement role. With verifiable information, the principal prefers a late forecast when the agent's effect on the accuracy of the forecast is either large or small. The agent has consistent preferences when the agent's effect on the accuracy of the late forecast is not too large. With unverifiable information, the agent's information rents imply that the principal cannot use either forecast as a performance measure. Thus, the accuracy of the late forecast has no effect on the principal's preference. However, if the accuracy of the early forecast is low and its decision‐making function is diminished, the principal prefers a late signal.
It Goes without Saying: The Effects of Intrinsic Motivational Orientation, Leadership Emphasis of Intrinsic Goals, and Audit Issue Ambiguity on Speaking Up
Authors: Kadous Kathryn , Proell Chad A. , Rich Jay , Zhou Yuepin (Daniel) 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTRegulation requires auditors to raise significant audit issues and concerns to the attention of audit engagement leadership and requires leadership to encourage such communication. This research demonstrates, using an experiment and a survey, that audit team members' willingness to speak up about such issues is associated with their intrinsic motivational orientation. Based on this result, we test whether audit leadership can leverage this relationship to increase speaking up, particularly when audit issues are more ambiguous, by emphasizing intrinsic goals. Results across three additional experiments indicate that auditors whose leaders emphasize intrinsic goals, whether directly or through tone at the top and firm culture, are more likely to speak up than are other auditors. We also find that auditors are more likely to speak up when an audit issue is less versus more ambiguous. We conclude that leadership can fulfill their obligation to encourage upward communication by emphasizing intrinsic versus extrinsic goals, regardless of the level of ambiguity surrounding the audit issue.
Molecular footprint of Medawar’s mutation accumulation process in mammalian aging
Authors: Turan Zeliha Gözde , Parvizi Poorya , Dönertaş Handan Melike , Tung Jenny , Khaitovich Philipp , Somel Mehmet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMedawar's mutation accumulation hypothesis explains aging by the declining force of natural selection with age: Slightly deleterious germline mutations expressed in old age can drift to fixation and thereby lead to aging‐related phenotypes. Although widely cited, empirical evidence for this hypothesis has remained limited. Here, we test one of its predictions that genes relatively highly expressed in old adults should be under weaker purifying selection than genes relatively highly expressed in young adults. Combining 66 transcriptome datasets (including 16 tissues from five mammalian species) with sequence conservation estimates across mammals, here we report that the overall conservation level of expressed genes is lower at old age compared to young adulthood. This age‐related decrease in transcriptome conservation (ADICT) is systematically observed in diverse mammalian tissues, including the brain, liver, lung, and artery, but not in others, most notably in the muscle and heart. Where observed, ADICT is driven partly by poorly conserved genes being up‐regulated during aging. In general, the more often a gene is found up‐regulated with age among tissues and species, the lower its evolutionary conservation. Poorly conserved and up‐regulated genes have overlapping functional properties that include responses to age‐associated tissue damage, such as apoptosis and inflammation. Meanwhile, these genes do not appear to be under positive selection. Hence, genes contributing to old age phenotypes are found to harbor an excess of slightly deleterious alleles, at least in certain tissues. This supports the notion that genetic drift shapes aging in multicellular organisms, consistent with Medawar's mutation accumulation hypothesis.
Increased relapse to cocaine‐seeking in a genetic model for depression
Authors: Zilkha Noga , Barnea‐Ygael Noam , Keidar Liraz , Zangen Abraham 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe greatest difficulty in treating cocaine addiction is the enormous rates of relapse, which occur despite immense negative consequences. Relapse risks are even greater in addicts with comorbid depression, perhaps because they use drugs to alleviate depressive symptoms. Only a few preclinical studies have examined this comorbidity, mostly exploring depressive‐like effects following drug exposure. We examined rats from two different depression‐like models: (a) chronic‐mild‐stress (CMS), which respond to antidepressant medications and (b) depressed‐rat‐line (DRL), a genetic model of selective breeding, which is less responsive to antidepressant medications. We tested addictive behaviors in a cocaine self‐administration procedure, including the “conflict model,” where drug‐seeking and relapse encounter adverse consequences: an electrified grid in front of the drug‐delivering lever. Following behavioral testing, we explored a potential association between behavioral outcomes and protein expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We found that DRL rats self‐administer more cocaine compared with both CMS and controls, while CMS and control groups did not differ significantly. Notably, DRL but not CMS rats, displayed higher rates of relapse than controls, and expressed higher levels of BDNF in the prelimbic cortex (PLC). Potential translation of these results suggest that medication‐resistant depressed patients tend to consume more drugs and are more susceptible to relapse. The increase in PLC BDNF levels is consistent with previous rat models of depression, and concomitantly, with its suggested role in promoting cocaine‐seeking.
Exposure of the wild bee Osmia bicornis to the honey bee pathogen Nosema ceranae
Authors: Müller Uta , McMahon Dino P. , Rolff Jens 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Wild bees are important pollinators for agricultural crops and solitary species such as Osmia bicornis are particularly suitable for pollination management. Wild bees share floral resources with managed honey bees and may be exposed to emerging infectious diseases. Although studies have explored the prevalence of pathogens in solitary wild bee species, data regarding the impact of pathogens on solitary bee health are lacking.
We carried out experiments examining whether the solitary bee species O. bicornis is susceptible to infection with the emerging pathogen Nosema ceranae and recorded the impact of exposure on survival.
The results obtained indicate that N. ceranae may be able to infect O. bicornis but its impact on host fitness is negligible: survival rates did not differ between control and inoculated bees, although male survival was marginally lower after infection. To explore the possible field‐relevance of our findings, we collected wild bees near an infected and a non‐infected hive and showed that N. ceranae was shared between managed and wild bees, although only the in presence of infected honey bees.
The findings of the present study show that O. bicornis is susceptible to pathogen spillover and could act as a potential reservoir host for N. ceranae in pollinator networks. Additional studies on this species incorporating sublethal effects, multiple infections and other interacting stressors are warranted.
Melanopsin‐mediated pupillary light reflex and sleep quality in patients with normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Ahmadi Hamid , Lund‐Andersen Henrik , Kolko Miriam , Bach‐Holm Daniella , Alberti Mark , Ba‐Ali Shakoor 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeThe intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and sleep quality are impaired in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). In this study, we investigated whether ipRGCs and sleep quality were also impaired in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).MethodsWe performed pupillometry and sleep quality assessment in 15 patients with NTG and 17 healthy age‐matched controls. Pupillometry protocol consisted of monocular stimulation with high illuminance (100 lux) red (633 nm, 300 cd/m2 or 15.23 log quanta/cm2/s) and blue light (463 nm, 332 cd/m2 or 15.27 log quanta/cm2/s) and binocular pupil measurements. Prior to light stimulation, patients were dark‐adapted for 5 min. The late postillumination pupillary response (PIPRLate) to blue light was used as marker of ipRGC activity. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire.ResultsThe PIPRLate to blue light was significantly reduced in patients with NTG compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001), indicating impairment of the melanopsin‐mediated pupillary pathway. There was no significant difference in the response elicited by red light (p = 0.6). Baseline pupil diameter and pupillary constriction amplitude to both red and blue light were reduced in patients with NTG (p < 0.05). The global score in PSQI was not significantly different between healthy controls and patients with NTG, indicating normal sleep quality (p = 0.6). Furthermore, we found no correlation between sleep parameters and pupillary light reflex parameters.ConclusionPatients with NTG exhibited reduced ipRGC activity compared to healthy subjects, while no differences were observed in sleep quality.
To learn, to remember, to forget—How smart is the gut?
Authors: Schemann Michael , Frieling Thomas , Enck Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) resides within the gut wall and autonomously controls gut functions through coordinated activation of sensory, inter and motor neurons. Its activity is modulated by the enteric immune and endocrine system as well as by afferent and efferent nerves of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. The ENS is often referred to as the second brain and hence is able to perform sophisticated tasks. We review the evidence that the “smartness” of the ENS may even extend to its ability to learn and to memorize. Examples for habituation, sensitization, conditioned behaviour and long‐term facilitation are evidence for various forms of implicit learning. Moreover, we discuss how this may change not only basic Neurogastroenterology but also our understanding of development of gut diseases and chronic disorders in gut functions. At the same time, we identify open questions and future challenges to confirm learning, memory and memory deficits in the gut. Despite some remaining experimental challenges, we are convinced that the gut is able to learn and are tempted to answer the question with: Yes, the gut is smart.
Immediate occlusal vs nonocclusal loading of implants: A randomized prospective clinical pilot study and patient centered outcome after 36 months
Authors: Vogl Susanne , Stopper Marlene , Hof Markus , Theisen Kerstin , Wegscheider Walther A. , Lorenzoni Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmediate provisionalization reduces chair time and improves patient comfort.PurposeTo analyze immediate functional loading vs nonfunctional loading with restorations in the posterior mandible for marginal bone defects, implant success/survival, and patient satisfaction.Materials and MethodsA randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to assess these parameters based on 20 adult patients who underwent implant surgery, followed by immediate delivery of screw‐retained or cemented single or splinted restorations in full occlusal contact or in infraocclusion (test and control group). A questionnaire with visual analog scales was used to assess patient satisfaction.ResultsFollowing 36‐month data were evaluable for 9 patients (21 implants) in the study group (immediate functional loading) and for 10 patients (31 implants) in the control group (immediate nonfunctional loading). One implant in the control group was lost, hence the overall implant survival and success rate was 98.2%. Marginal bone defects were consistent with previous studies and comparable in both groups. Periotest values did not significantly change from baseline and the 12‐month follow‐up (Friedmann test). Patient satisfaction was high and did not involve any significant intergroup differences (Mann‐Whitney U‐test).ConclusionsBoth types of immediate provisional restorations are viable in selected patients. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to establish immediate functional loading as a standard treatment for partially edentulous jaws.
Cochlear implants for patients with inner ear malformation: Experience in a cohort of 877 surgeries
Authors: Shi Ying , Li Yongxin , Gong Yue , Chen Biao , Chen Jingyuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse clinical information from a cohort of 877 cochlear implant (CI) surgeries performed in patients with inner ear malformations and report our experience with this procedure.MethodsClinical information on patients with inner ear malformation who underwent CI surgery in our department from January 2010 to April 2017 was analysed.ResultsSeven hundred and fifty‐four CI surgeries (86.0%) were uneventful but cerebrospinal fluid gusher occurred during surgery in 118 cases (13.5%). Not including the patients lost to follow‐up, postoperative Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) scores were collected from 13 patients with common cavity deformity, 38 with IP‐I, 11 with hypoplasia, 13 with IP‐III, 285 with IP‐II and 43 with cochlear nerve deficiency. The mean CAP scores were 2.55, 3.39, 3.45, 3.77, 3.98, 2.95 and 2.90, and the mean SIR scores were 1.54, 3.68, 3.72, 3.54, 3.80, 2.31 and 2.32. Patients with common cavity deformity who underwent surgery using the traditional facial recess approach or transmastoid slotted labyrinthotomy approach had significantly better post‐activation scores on the CAP, SIR and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale/Infant‐Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, with no significant differences between the two approaches.ConclusionThe traditional facial recess approach can be successful, and several approaches may be used for electrode insertion and gusher control in patients with a severe deformity, particularly common cavity deformity and IP‐III. A gusher was the most common intraoperative finding and occurred most often in patients with IP‐III. Careful consideration of the type of electrode used is important.