bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and vasculoprotective potential of Viola odorata and Wrightia tinctoria
Authors: Jamshed Humaira , Siddiqi Hasan Salman , Gilani Anwar‐ul‐Hassan , Arslan Jamshed , Qasim Muhammad , Gul Bilquees 
Published: June 2019

We have reported the antidyslipidemic, antihypertensive, and Ca++ channel blocking activities of Viola odorata (VO) and Wrightia tinctoria (WT). This study extends our understanding of their therapeutic potential by exploring the effects on biomarkers of hepatic and vascular dysfunction together with phytochemical standardization and antioxidant potential. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids content, and proanthocyanins of the methanolic extracts were identified using HPLC. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the in vitro assays. Two studies of 6‐week duration were conducted on a high‐fat diet rat model to test the leaves and seed extracts of VO and WT (300 and 600 mg/kg) for their effect on biomarkers for hepatic and vascular dysfunction. The HPLC analysis showed high contents of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids content, and proanthocyanins along with distinctive phenolic composition. Both extracts exhibited significant antioxidant potential in 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays, comparable with synthetic standard antioxidants. The in vivo studies indicated a significant reduction in the high‐fat‐diet‐induced rise in serum uric acid, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma‐glutamyl transferase. This study indicates the potential of VO and WT to protect from vascular and hepatic damage and an antioxidant effect, thus making these herbs strong candidates for managing cardiometabolic disorders.
Characterization and optimization of the smoothed spectral abscissa for time‐delay systems
Authors: Gomez Marco A. , Michiels Wim 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWe introduce a new robust stability measure for systems with multiple pointwise delays, which is called smoothed spectral abscissa, consistently with the existing measure for delay‐free systems. Its main characteristics are that it is smooth with respect to the system parameters and it provides a trade‐off between the decay rate of the system solution and the
norm of a transfer matrix related with the system. The smoothed spectral abscissa is implicitly defined in terms of the
norm of an auxiliary system, and its computation is based on the so‐called delay Lyapunov matrix. We show that these features make the smoothed spectral abscissa suitable for the design of robust controllers by using standard gradient‐based optimization techniques and exploiting a novel characterization of the derivatives of the delay Lyapunov matrix with respect to the system parameters.
Mittag‐Leffler stabilization for an unstable time‐fractional anomalous diffusion equation with boundary control matched disturbance
Authors: Zhou Hua‐Cheng , Lv Chunwan , Guo Bao‐Zhu , Chen YangQuan 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper addresses the Mittag‐Leffler stabilization for an unstable time‐fractional anomalous diffusion equation with boundary control subject to the control matched disturbance. The active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) approach is adopted for developing the control law. A state‐feedback scheme is designed to estimate the disturbance by constructing two auxiliary systems: One is to separate the disturbance from the original system to a Mittag‐Leffler stable system and the other is to estimate the disturbance finally. The proposed control law compensates the disturbance using its estimation and stabilizes system asymptotically. The closed‐loop system is shown to be Mittag‐Leffler stable and the constructed auxiliary systems in the closed loop are proved to be bounded. This is the first time for ADRC to be applied to a system described by the fractional partial differential system without using the high gain.
Appearance‐based landmark selection for visual localization
Authors: Bürki Mathias , Cadena Cesar , Gilitschenski Igor , Siegwart Roland , Nieto Juan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVisual localization in outdoor environments is subject to varying appearance conditions rendering it difficult to match current camera images against a previously recorded map. Although it is possible to extend the respective maps to allow precise localization across a wide range of differing appearance conditions, these maps quickly grow in size and become impractical to handle on a mobile robotic platform. To address this problem, we present a landmark selection algorithm that exploits appearance co‐observability for efficient visual localization in outdoor environments. Based on the appearance condition inferred from recently observed landmarks, a small fraction of landmarks useful under the current appearance condition is selected and used for localization. This allows to greatly reduce the bandwidth consumption between the mobile platform and a map backend in a shared‐map scenario, and significantly lowers the demands on the computational resources on said mobile platform. We derive a landmark ranking function that exhibits high performance under vastly changing appearance conditions and is agnostic to the distribution of landmarks across the different map sessions. Furthermore, we relate and compare our proposed appearance‐based landmark ranking function to popular ranking schemes from information retrieval, and validate our results on the challenging University of Michigan North Campus long‐term vision and LIDAR data sets (NCLT), including an evaluation of the localization accuracy using ground‐truth poses. In addition to that, we investigate the computational and bandwidth resource demands. Our results show that by selecting 20–30% of landmarks using our proposed approach, a similar localization performance as the baseline strategy using all landmarks is achieved.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Aryl Halides and Terminal Olefins Using Zinc/Triflate Ligand/DMA/TBAB
Authors: Mishra Satyendra , Halpani Chandni G , Patel Sejal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA straightforward and proficient procedure for the nickel‐catalyzed Heck C−C coupling reaction of different aryl halides and with olefins has been accomplished. The reaction, was catalyzed via combination of NiBr2(PPh3)2, zinc powder, additive (BMIM.OTf), K3PO4 as a base in the presence of solvents N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) and Tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide(TBAB). The arylation of methyl acrylate and styrene with various aryl iodides under optimized catalytic systems, showed excellent yield of the products. Remarkably, base (K3PO4), additive (BMIM.OTf) and the solvent (TBAB/DMA) have shown an indispensable effects on the efficacy of the reaction and it has been found to be in most favorable condition for heck reaction.
1D Rodlike mBiVO4 Mesocrystals: Preparation, Formation Mechanism and Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Zhao Guosheng , Zheng Xuchen , Qian Jingyi , Wang Mengyao , Cao Xinyu , Teng Honghui , Liu Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMesocrystals have attracted more attention owing to their unique structures and properties. Nevertheless, facile and green synthesis of well‐defined mesocrystals still remains a significant challenge. Herein, one‐dimensional (1D) rodlike monoclinic scheelite phase BiVO4 (mBiVO4) mesocrystals having superstructures orderly assembled by mBiVO4 nanoparticle building blocks, were created via a facile solvothermal method in the glycerol (Gly)/water mixed solvent without any additives. By adjusting the dosage of Gly and pH value of the reaction system, the microstructure of BiVO4 can be accurately regulated. The obtained samples were carefully characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, BET, FTIR, PL and UV‐vis techniques. The lower pH value and the higher dosage of Gly were propitious to form rodlike mBiVO4 mesocrystals. Of course, the kind and concentration of reaction species in the system and the assembly force were affected by the dosage of Gly and pH value. The possible formation mechanism of the BiVO4 mesocrystals was proposed on the basis of these analyses. The optimized rodlike mBiVO4 mesocrystal prepared with 8 mL of Gly at pH 2 exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation activity for methylene blue (MB) under simulated sunlight irradiation, which could be attributed to its phase composition, higher surface area, stronger light absorption and 1D rodlike morphology with short L/D ratio which may increase the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes.
Untangling Cooperative Effects of Pyridinic and Graphitic Nitrogen Sites at Metal‐Free N‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Behan James A. , Mates‐Torres Eric , Stamatin Serban N. , Domínguez Carlota , Iannaci Alessandro , Fleischer Karsten , Hoque Md. Khairul , Perova Tatiana S. , García‐Melchor Max , Colavita Paula E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetal‐free carbon electrodes with well‐defined composition and smooth topography are prepared via sputter deposition followed by thermal treatment with inert and reactive gases. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy show that three carbons of similar N/C content that differ in N‐site composition are thus prepared: an electrode consisting of almost exclusively graphitic‐N (NG), an electrode with predominantly pyridinic‐N (NP), and one with ≈1:1 NG:NP composition. These materials are used as model systems to investigate the activity of N‐doped carbons in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using voltammetry. Results show that selectivity toward 4e‐reduction of O2 is strongly influenced by the NG/NP site composition, with the material possessing nearly uniform NG/NP composition being the only one yielding a 4e‐reduction. Computational studies on model graphene clusters are carried out to elucidate the effect of N‐site homogeneity on the reaction pathway. Calculations show that for pure NG‐doping or NP‐doping of model graphene clusters, adsorption of hydroperoxide and hydroperoxyl radical intermediates, respectively, is weak, thus favoring desorption prior to complete 4e‐reduction to hydroxide. Clusters with mixed NG/NP sites display synergistic effects, suggesting that co‐presence of these sites improves activity and selectivity by achieving high theoretical reduction potentials while facilitating retention of intermediates.
Contemplating social engineering studies and attack scenarios: A review study
Authors: Yasin Affan , Fatima Rubia , Liu Lin , Yasin Awaid , Wang Jianmin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe previous year has seen an enormous increase in the studies related to social engineering. This increase is partly due to increasing number of social engineering attacks and partly due to people's inability to identify the attack. Thus, it is of great importance to find solutions which are helpful for human to understand the social engineering attacks and scenarios. To address this, we have performed a literature review of studies (on social engineering) in top‐notch journals and conferences. In this paper, we have enlisted the types of attacks, and the persuasion techniques used by social engineers as listed in the literature. We also combined different theories which researchers tried to use to explain various activities of social engineers. Furthermore, we have mentioned that a better understanding of the social engineering attack scenarios can be done using thematic and game‐based analysis techniques. Preliminary empirical evaluation of the proposed game based method shows overall neutral results. Future extension and evaluation is needed for the proposed methods.
Growth, Condition, and Trophic Relations of Stocked Trout in Southern Appalachian Mountain Streams
Authors: Fischer Jesse R. , Kwak Thomas J. , Flowers H. Jared , Cope W. Gregory , Rash Jacob M. , Besler Douglas A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStream trout fisheries are among the most popular and valuable in the United States, but many are dependent on hatcheries to sustain fishing and harvest. Thus, understanding the ecology of hatchery‐reared trout stocked in natural environments is fundamental to management. We evaluated the growth, condition, and trophic relations of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss that were stocked in southern Appalachian Mountain streams in western North Carolina. Stocked and wild (naturalized) trout were sampled over time (monthly; September 2012–June 2013) to compare condition and diet composition and to evaluate temporal dynamics of trophic position with stable isotope analysis. Relative weights (Wr) of stocked trout were inversely associated with their stream residence time but were consistently higher than those of wild trout. Weight loss of harvested stocked trout was similar among species and sizes, but fish stocked earlier lost more weight. Overall, 40% of 141 stomachs from stocked trout were empty compared to 15% of wild trout stomachs (N = 26). We identified a much higher rate of piscivory in wild trout (18 times that of stocked trout), and wild trout were 4.3 times more likely to consume gastropods relative to stocked trout. Hatchery‐reared trout were isotopically similar to co‐occurring wild fish for both δ13C and δ15N values but were less variable than wild trout. Differences in sulfur isotope ratios (δ34S) between wild and hatchery‐reared trout indicated that the diets of wild fish were enriched in δ34S relative to the diets of hatchery‐reared fish. Although hatchery‐reared trout consumed prey items similar to those of wild fish, differences in consumption or behavior (e.g., reduced feeding) may have resulted in lower condition and negative growth. These findings provide critical insight on the trophic dynamics of stocked trout and may assist in developing and enhancing stream trout fisheries.
Ecosystem services of poplar at long‐term phytoremediation sites in the Midwest and Southeast, United States
Authors: Zalesny Ronald S. , Headlee William L. , Gopalakrishnan Gayathri , Bauer Edmund O. , Hall Richard B. , Hazel Dennis W. , Isebrands Jud G. , Licht Louis A. , Negri M. Cristina , Nichols Elizabeth Guthrie , Rockwood Donald L. , Wiese Adam H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractShort rotation woody crops (SRWCs) including Populus species and their hybrids (i.e., poplars) are ideal for incorporating biomass production with phytotechnologies such as phytoremediation. To integrate these applications, 15 poplar plantings from nine long‐term phytoremediation installations were sampled from 2012 to 2013 in the Midwest (Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin) and Southeast (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina) United States. In this review, we report summary results of this sampling and how performance at each site compared with comparable phytoremediation systems in the literature. We review significant genotypic differences from each planting within the context of provisioning (i.e., biomass production) and regulating (i.e., carbon sequestration) ecosystem services and how they relate to the need for a cleaner environment during times of accelerated ecological degradation. Overall, the contaminated poplar sites provided these ecosystem services comparable to noncontaminated poplar sites used for bioenergy and biofuels feedstock production. For example, phytoremediation trees at the Midwestern sites had biomass values ranging from 4.4 to 15.5 Mg ha−1 y−1, which was ~20% less relative to bioenergy trees (p = .0938). Results were similar for diameter and carbon, with some genotype × environment interactions resulting in phytoremediation trees exhibiting substantially greater growth and productivity (i.e., +131% at one site). As illustrated in the current review, phytoremediation success can be increased with the identification and deployment of genotypes tailored to grow well and tolerate a broad diversity of contaminants (generalists) (i.e., ‘DN34’, ‘NM6’, ‘7300501’) versus those that significantly outperform their counterparts under unique site conditions (specialists) (i.e., ‘220‐5’, ‘51‐5’, ‘S13C20’).This article is categorized under:
Concentrating Solar Power > Climate and Environment
Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Preclinical assessment of transiently TCR redirected T cells for solid tumour immunotherapy
Authors: Mensali Nadia , Myhre Marit Renée , Dillard Pierre , Pollmann Sylvie , Gaudernack Gustav , Kvalheim Gunnar , Wälchli Sébastien , Inderberg Else Marit 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Off-target toxicity due to the expression of target antigens in normal tissue or TCR cross-reactivity represents a major risk when using T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells for treatment of solid tumours. Due to the inherent cross-reactivity of TCRs it is difficult to accurately predict their target recognition pre-clinically. It has become evident that direct testing in a human being represents the best evaluation of the risks. There is, therefore, a clear unmet need for assessing the safety of a therapeutic TCR in a more controllable manner than by the injection of permanently modified cellular products. Using transiently modified T cells combined with dose escalation has already been shown feasible for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells, but nothing is yet reported for TCR. We performed a preclinical evaluation of a therapeutic TCR transiently expressed in T cells by mRNA electroporation. We analyzed if the construct was active in vitro, how long it was detectable for and if this expression format was adapted to in vivo efficacy assessment. Our data demonstrate the potential of mRNA engineered T cells, although less powerful than permanent redirection, to induce a significant response. Thus, these findings support the development of mRNA based TCR-therapy strategies as a feasible and efficacious method for evaluating TCR safety and efficacy in first-in-man testing.
Exploratory expertise and the dual intentionality of music-making
Authors: Høffding Simon , Schiavio Andrea 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we advance the thesis that music-making can be advantageously understood as an exploratory phenomenon. While music-making is certainly about aesthetic expression, from a phenomenological, cognitive, and even evolutionary perspective, it more importantly concerns structured explorations of the world around us, our minds, and our bodies. Our thesis is based on an enactive and phenomenological analysis of three cases: the first concerns the study of infants involved in early musical activities, and the two latter are phenomenologically inspired interviews with an expert jazz improviser, and members of a prominent string quartet. Across these examples, we find that music-making involves a dual intentionality - one oriented towards the exploration of the sonic, material, and social environment, and one oriented toward the self, including the exploration of bodily awareness and reflective mental states. In enactivist terms, exploration is a fundamental way of making sense of oneself as coupled with the world. Understanding music-making as a pre-eminent case of exploration helps us explicate and appreciate the developmental, sensorimotor, and more advanced cognitive resources that exist in music-making activities.
Protecting the world of connected devices
Authors: Boughton Nick 
Published: June 2019

In 1982, long before a cyber security threat to control system networks was widely recognised, a trojan attack on control system software reportedly caused a huge explosion in a Siberian gas pipeline. Even now, despite technological advancements, many systems that have been retrofitted for compatibility with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) remain unprotected. In a world of connected devices, industries vulnerable to attack must upgrade their security systems. The Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming an increasingly popular route taken by malicious hackers looking to gain access to organisations' networks. Part of the problem is that network capability is often bolted onto the existing systems. And IT and operational technology (OT) teams lack co-ordination when it comes to security. Nick Boughton of Boulting Technology argues that an end-to-end cyber security approach that incorporates both IT and OT environments must be considered when integrating legacy systems into existing networks.
Product vs toolkit: API and IAM security
Authors: Macy Jason 
Published: June 2019

Marketing departments are great at capitalising on the latest industry trends. Whether it's slapping the ‘cloud’ badge onto their product or putting ‘security’ in their verbiage to appease their customers, it is a common marketing approach to reposition a product in a way that will improve sales. In the current era of conglomerate-acquired technologies, large-scale marketing departments will pay top dollar to get air cover from analysts (such as paying for a dot on the Gartner Magic Quadrant) to claim universal capabilities in niche market segments. The term ‘security’ when used in the context of application programming interface (API) and identity access management (IAM) solutions doesn't always mean what you might expect. Many frameworks aimed at these areas are often little more than increasingly large collections of features built on a baseline that is inherently insecure, argues Jason Macy of Forum Systems. Security products are built with a locked-down architecture with self-integrity checks to ensure that the product itself cannot be compromised. And the two functions are being combined in technology known as an API security gateway.
Trapped in the Past: Memories of Georgian Internally Displaced Persons on the Margins of Society
Authors: Toria Malkhaz , Pirtskhalava Nino , Kekelia Elene , Ladaria Konstantine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFrom the early 1990s through the 2008 “Russo-Georgian war,” waves of armed conflicts in the Abkhazia and South Ossetia/Tskhinvali regions of Georgia forced thousands of residents, mainly ethnic Georgians, to leave their homes. More than two decades of protracted internal displacement, marked by tough economic and social problems, led this vulnerable community to a common trap in reckoning with the past: an overwhelming sense of the fundamental ruptures between the idealized past and current, miserable reality. Failures of the displacement policy and “side effects” of numerous humanitarian aid projects hinder internally displaced persons’ social integration and leave them on the margins of Georgian society with almost a singular option: to constantly recall meaningful life in the lost homeland, which they remember as free of ethnic phobias and economic problems. In this article, we suggest that for persons who are internally displaced, memories are defined not only by their past lived experiences and present hardships, but also by the official historical narratives that argue that Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian “endemic” unity and cohabitation was destroyed by Russian imperial politics. Living in constant pain also narrows the future expectations of the internally displaced persons. However, it is the past and the memories that are supposed to be useful in achieving the utopian dream of a return.