bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setting the top 10 research priorities to improve the health of people with Type 2 diabetes: a Diabetes UK–James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership
Authors: Finer S. , Robb P. , Cowan K. , Daly A. , Shah K. , Farmer A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsTo describe processes and outcomes of a priority setting partnership to identify the ‘top 10 research priorities’ in Type 2 diabetes, involving people living with the condition, their carers, and healthcare professionals.MethodsWe followed the four‐step James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership process which involved: gathering uncertainties using a questionnaire survey distributed to 70 000 people living with Type 2 diabetes and their carers, and healthcare professionals; organizing the uncertainties; interim priority setting by resampling of participants with a second survey; and final priority setting in an independent group of participants, using the nominal group technique. At each step the steering group closely monitored and guided the process.ResultsIn the first survey, 8227 uncertainties were proposed by 2587 participants, of whom 18% were from black, Asian and minority ethnic groups. Uncertainties were formatted and collated into 114 indicative questions. A total of 1506 people contributed to a second survey, generating a shortlist of 24 questions equally weighted to the contributions of people living with diabetes and their carers and those of healthcare professionals. In the final step the ‘top 10 research priorities’ were selected, including questions on cure and reversal, risk identification and prevention, and self‐management approaches in Type 2 diabetes.ConclusionSystematic and transparent methodology was used to identify research priorities in a large and genuine partnership of people with lived and professional experience of Type 2 diabetes. The top 10 questions represent consensus areas of research priority to guide future research, deliver responsive and strategic allocation of research resources, and improve the future health and well‐being of people living with, and at risk of, Type 2 diabetes.
Factors associated with equine shedding of multi‐drug‐resistantSalmonella entericaand its impact on health outcomes
Authors: Burgess B. A. , Bauknecht K. , Slovis N. M. , Morley P. S. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundSalmonella entericais an important cause of healthcare‐associated infections in veterinary hospitals – with outbreaks of multi‐drug resistant (MDR)Salmonellaamong equine cases resulting in high case fatality rates and substantial financial cost.ObjectivesStudy objectives were to 1) investigate factors associated with shedding ofMDR‐Salmonella entericaand 2) evaluate the effect shedding may have on health outcomes of previously hospitalised horses and their stablemates.Study designRetrospective case–control study with prospective cohort study.MethodsAnalysis of medical records (N = 373; 94 culture positive, 279 culture negative) was undertaken to determine factors associated with shedding ofMDR‐Salmonella. Additionally, a follow‐up study was conducted to assess long‐term outcomes associated with shedding among previously hospitalised horses and their stablemates. Data regarding exposures of interest were collected retrospectively from medical records. Information on long‐term outcomes was obtained by phone interview of owners. Multivariable regression techniques were used to investigate factors associated with shedding and subsequent health outcomes.ResultsHorses experiencing diarrhoea during hospitalisation were more likely to shedSalmonella(OR1.88; 95%CI1.02, 3.45) compared with horses without diarrhoea, but isolates tended to be susceptible strains. Antimicrobial therapy during hospitalisation was not associated with shedding or recovery ofMDRstrains. Shedding did not increase long‐term risk for non‐survival, colic or abnormal faeces after hospital discharge; nor increase risk for hospitalisation or occurrence of abnormal faeces in stablemates.Main limitationsData collection was reliant upon the quality of medical records and owner recall, which may have led to information bias. The study population was derived from central Kentucky and may differ from horse populations in other regions.Conclusions and clinical importanceIn general,Salmonellashedding was not associated with decreased average survival times or impacts to health of stablemates, perhaps due to owner implemented biosecurity precautions. Regardless, recently hospitalised horses should be segregated after discharge, in addition to employing rigorous hygiene practices.The Summary is available in Spanish – seeSupporting Information.
Blood vessel occlusion with erythrocyte aggregates causes burn injury progression—microvasculature dilation as a possible therapy
Authors: Clark Richard A. F. , Fenner Justine , Sasson Arielle , McClain Steve A. , Singer Adam J. , Tonnesen Marcia G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBurns are dynamic injuries characterized by progressive tissue death and continuous severe pain over the course of several days. The extent of burn injury progression determines the ultimate patient outcome. Initial burns result in a central zone of necrosis surrounded by a potentially viable zone of ischemia. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain injury progression, including oxidant and cytokine stress resulting from either ischemia/reperfusion and/or inflammation, but no proven therapy has emerged. To address the unmet need to limit burn injury progression, the root cause of this process must be delineated. For this reason, we have recently focused on post‐burn blood vessel occlusion, currently ascribed to microthrombi. We have found that blood vessel occlusion is initially, mainly and persistently caused by erythrocyte aggregation. Although thermal‐induced cell necrosis is the immediate cause of cell death, apoptotic cells from persistent ischemia/anoxia, admixed with inflammatory cells, form a band between viable and nonviable tissue 24 hours later. The delayed cell death by apoptosis appears to be the main attractant for inflammatory cells. Finally, we posit that fibrinogen elevation arising from inflammation provides stimulus for additional erythrocyte aggregation, further extending blood vessel occlusion. In our view this persistent occlusion with resultant prolonged tissue ischemia/anoxia, not ischemia/reperfusion, is the root cause of burn injury progression concomitant with associated severe and persistent pain. Epiviosamines, a new class of peptides, appear to selectively dilate microvasculature, and may provide therapy for burn injury progression.
Prevalence of vertical root fractures in teeth planned for apical surgery. A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Maddalone M. , Gagliani M. , Citterio C. L. , Karanxha L. , Pellegatta A. , Del Fabbro M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate retrospectively the prevalence of vertical root fractures (VRFs) in a cohort of patients during apical surgery and the factors possibly associated with VRF.MethodologyThe sample consisted of 944 root filled teeth belonging to 768 patients (49.3% males and 50.7% females; mean age 43.5 ± 11.2 years, range 22–68 years), consecutively referred for endodontic surgery over a six‐year period. All patients underwent a clinical assessment of their signs and symptoms. Periapical radiographs of teeth that were candidates for endodontic surgery were taken. Sixty‐eight teeth with VRF were identified. Vertical root fractures were identified in pre‐surgical screenings in 32 cases (47.1%), and these did not undergo surgery. Another 36 cases of VRF were noted during the intervention for root‐end resection. The influence of posts, post type, tooth type, periodontal probing defects, spontaneous pain, sinus tract and follow‐up duration was assessed using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsVertical root fractures occurred significantly more frequently (P < 0.001) when a post was present (61 VRF out of 377 teeth with post, prevalence 16.2%) than in teeth without a post (1.2%). Threaded posts and cast posts were significantly more involved in VRF than fibre, silica or carbide posts (P < 0.001). Most fractures (80.9%) occurred 1–5 years after root canal treatment. Sinus tracts, probing defects and spontaneous pain were significantly more associated with VRF cases than with nonfractured teeth.ConclusionsIn the present group of teeth, the major risk for VRF was represented by posts retained by actively engaging the canal via mechanical design (thread) or by frictional fit (cast).
Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance and bending properties of two reciprocating nickel‐titanium glide path files
Authors: Özyürek T. , Uslu G. , Gündoğar M. , Yılmaz K. , Grande N. M. , Plotino G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the cyclic fatigue resistance and bending properties of R‐Pilot and WaveOne Gold (WOG) Glider files, at intracanal temperature (35°C).MethodologyForty R‐Pilot and 40 WOG Glider files were subjected to a cyclic fatigue resistance test (n = 20), calculating the time to fracture (TTF) in an artificial stainless steel canal. The length of the fractured file tips (FL) was also measured. The fracture surface of fragments was examined with a scanning electron microscope, and the cross‐sectional area of the fractured surfaces was measured. Flexibility of the tested files (n = 20) was determined using 45° bending test. Data were analysed statistically using the Mann–Whitney U‐test at 5% significance level.ResultsTime to fracture was significantly higher in the R‐Pilot group compared to the WOG Glider (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for fracture length. The bending resistance of R‐Pilot files was significantly greater than WOG Glider files (P < 0.05).ConclusionsA significant greater cyclic fatigue resistance was observed for R‐Pilot files compared to WOG Glider instruments, although the bending resistance of WOG Glider files was lower.
Optimization of dry powder deposition parameters for production of large substrates using functionally graded ceramics
Authors: Berkun Isil , Kiziltas Gullu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability to control the spatial variation in three dimensions of dielectric properties is known to play a crucial role in achieving novel electromagnetic performance such as miniaturization and high gain of broadband antennas. To address this need, the objective in this paper is to use earlier proposed Dry Powder Deposition to produce large substrates of Functionally Graded Materials with spatially controlled CaTiO3‐MgTiO3‐Mg2TiO4 dielectrics. We present an in‐depth analysis and optimization of critical processing parameters such as compaction pressure, sintering temperature, and dwell time. Using the optimized compaction and co‐sintering process, spatially varying large (8.2 cm × 8.2 cm) substrates were produced without the presence of any significant cracks and warping. In addition to these structural functionalities, sintered ceramic constituents of the designed substrate display targeted dielectric permittivity values of a miniaturized broadband Satellite Communication Ultra High Frequency antenna at the optimized conditions. This optimized route opens up possibilities for multifunctional metrics to be addressed for other applications calling for different spatial distributions of large Functionally Graded Materials possibly with the same family of ceramic constituents.
Lattice distortion and residual stress of a carbon‐doped TiZrN coating
Authors: Hong Eunpyo , Jeon Seol , Choi Youngkue , Yoo Hyunjo , Kwon Se‐Hun , Lee Heesoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe mechanism of hardness improvement of a TiZrN coating by carbon doping was investigated in terms of the residual stress and the lattice deformation. Carbon was doped using laser carburization to improve the hardness of TiZrN, which was increased from 3025 HV to 3388 HV. The lattice parameter was calculated through Rietveld refinement in order to analyze the behavior inside the lattice due to carbon doping, which showed that the parameter increased from 4.21 Å to 4.44 Å after the carbon doping process. The diffraction pattern was analyzed using an electron beam to identify the lattice state of the coating layer, and lattice distortion was revealed through a diffused ring pattern. The compressive residual stress was increased by 48%, which was identified through the sin2Ψ method using the lattice constant change due to carburization. After the carbon doping, the hardness of the TiZrN was increased by 10%, which was attributed to the expansion distortion generated in the TiZrN lattice and the increase of the compressive residual stress.
Design and characterization of novel glass‐ceramic sealants for solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) applications
Authors: Javed Hassan , Sabato Antonio Gianfranco , Herbrig Kai , Ferrero Domenico , Walter Christian , Salvo Milena , Smeacetto Federico 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this work, three new glass‐ceramic compositions are designed and characterized as sealant materials for solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), having operating temperature of 850°C. The crystallization and the sintering behavior of the glasses are investigated by using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and heating stage microscopy (HSM) respectively. The glasses show glass transition temperatures of 715‐740°C, while the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of 9.3‐10.3 × 10−6 K−1 (200‐500°C) are measured for the glass‐ceramics, matching with the CTEs of the other cell components. The compatibility between the glass‐ceramic sealants, the 3YSZ electrolyte and the Crofer22APU interconnect is examined by means of SEM and EDS, in the as‐joined condition and after 1000 hours at 850°C in air. Compositional changes in the glass‐ceramic sealants are reviewed and discussed with respect to the formed crystalline phases before and after the aging treatment at 850°C.
Subclinical atrial fibrillation in patients with recent transient ischemic attack
Authors: Pedersen Kenneth Bruun , Madsen Charlotte , Sandgaard Niels C.F. , Diederichsen Axel C.P. , Bak Søren , Brandes Axel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor of stroke, but the association between AF and transient ischemic attack (TIA) is less clear. Despite this, patients with TIA are included in stroke trials.AimsTo determine the 1‐year incidence of AF in TIA patients using an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM); second, to determine factors associated with incident AF in these patients.MethodsProspective cohort study of patients with TIA with normal standard electrocardiogram (ECG) and 72‐hour Holter monitoring (HM). Exclusion criteria were as follows: age < 18 or > 81 years; prior AF/stroke; ongoing oral anticoagulation therapy or contraindication for it; significant carotid artery stenosis; uncertain TIA diagnosis. Eligible patients received an ICM and were followed for 12 months.ResultsFrom November 2013 to October 2015, 809 patients were diagnosed with TIA. In total, 235 patients were eligible. Nine (3.8%) of these had AF on standard ECG or HM. Of the remaining patients, 121 refused ICM implantation. In total, 105 patients (median age 65.4 years [range 27.1–80.8], 46% males) received an ICM, which revealed AF in 7 (6.7%). Factors associated with new‐onset AF were a history of recurrent TIA (odds ratio [OR] 11.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–63.6) and heart failure (OR 12.7, 95% CI 1.71–96.83).ConclusionsThe 1‐year incidence of AF in TIA patients with normal ECG and HM was 6.7% using an ICM. Factors associated with development of AF were recurrent TIA and heart failure.
Temporal trends of in‐hospital complications associated with catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the United States: An update from Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2011–2014)
Authors: Tripathi Byomesh , Arora Shilpkumar , Kumar Varun , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Lahewala Sopan , Dave Mihir , Shah Mahek , Tan Bryan , Savani Sejal , Badheka Apurva , Gopalan Radha , Shantha Ghanshyam Palamaner Subash , Viles‐Gonzalez Juan , Deshmukh Abhishek 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation is widely accepted intervention for atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs, but limited data are available regarding contemporary trends in major complications and in‐hospital mortality due to the procedure. This study was aimed at exploring the temporal trends of in‐hospital mortality, major complications, and impact of hospital volume on frequency of AF ablation–related outcomes.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was utilized to identify the AF patients treated with catheter ablation. In‐hospital death and common complications including vascular access complications, cardiac perforation and/or tamponade, pneumothorax, stroke, and transient ischemic attack, were identified using International Classification of Disease (ICD‐9‐CM) codes.ResultIn‐hospital mortality rate of 0.15% and overall complication rate of 5.46% were noted among AF ablation recipients (n = 50,969). Significant increase in complications during study period (relative increase 56.37%, P‐trend < 0.001) was observed. Cardiac (2.65%), vascular (1.33%), and neurological (1.05%) complications were most common. On multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]; P value), significant predictors of complications were female sex (OR = 1.40; CI = 1.17–1.68; P value < 0.001), high burden of comorbidity as indicated by Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥2 (OR = 2.84; CI = 2.29–3.52; P value < 0.001), and low hospital volume (< 50 procedures).ConclusionOur study noted a decline in AF ablation–related hospitalizations and complications associated with the procedure. These findings largely reflect shifting trends of outpatient performance of the procedure and increasing safety profile due to improved institutional expertise and catheter techniques.
Influence of cigarette smoking on pemphigus – a systematic review and pooled analysis of the literature
Authors: Lai O. , Recke A. , Zillikens D. , Kasperkiewicz M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEpidemiological evidence suggests that smoking cigarettes may be beneficial in pemphigus, but no systematic evaluation exists to corroborate this assumption. Therefore, a systematic literature review with pooled data analysis of the smoking status in patients with pemphigus was conducted. Electronic searches using PubMed from inception to November 2017 identified 13 reports meeting predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most were case–control studies partly reporting that pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus occurred less frequently in current and former smokers. Studies also indicated that duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked were lower in patients with pemphigus than controls and that remission may be achieved sooner in those who smoke. However, although a generally low prevalence of smoking was demonstrated in patients with pemphigus, which was lower than in controls by pooled analysis, some investigations found no difference regarding the smoking status compared with non‐pemphigus subjects. One study demonstrated more severe mucosal involvement in non‐smoking patients with pemphigus, whereas another observed no difference in the rate of cutaneous or mucosal lesions between smokers and non‐smokers with pemphigus. This review indicates that smoking may be a possible protective factor in pemphigus, although some compromised study methodologies yet hinder any firm conclusion. Further investigations with a refined quality design are required to resolve the so far partly conflicting results in this area.
Insulin resistance in hidradenitis suppurativa: a case–control study
Authors: Vilanova I. , Hernández J.L. , Mata C. , Durán C. , García‐Unzueta M.T. , Portilla V. , Fuentevilla P. , Corrales A. , González‐Vela M.C. , González‐Gay M.A. , Blanco R. , González‐López M.A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe association between chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, and insulin resistance (IR) has been well established. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease that affects the apocrine gland‐bearing areas of the body.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the prevalence of IR in patients with HS.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, case–control study enrolled 137 subjects, 76 patients with HS and 61 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Demographic data, clinical examination of HS patients, anthropometric measures, cardiovascular risk factors and laboratory studies were recorded. The homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR) was calculated in all participants by measuring fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels.ResultsThe median (IQR) HOMA‐IR value in HS patients was significantly higher [2.0 (1.0–3.6)] than in controls [1.5 (0.9–2.3)] (P = 0.01). The prevalence of IR was significantly higher in cases (43.4%) compared with controls (16.4%) (P = 0.001). In the linear regression multivariable analysis after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index (BMI), HS remained as a significant factor for a higher HOMA‐IR [2.51 (0.18) vs 1.92(0.21); P = 0.04]. The HOMA‐IR value and the prevalence of IR did not differ significantly among HS patients grouped by severity of the disease.ConclusionOur results show an increased frequency of IR in HS. Thus, we suggest HS patients to be evaluated for IR and managed accordingly.
Fates of Evolutionarily Distinct, Plastid‐type Glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes in Kareniacean Dinoflagellates
Authors: Kamikawa Ryoma , Yazaki Euki , Tahara Michiru , Sakura Takaya , Matsuo Eriko , Nagamune Kisaburo , Hashimoto Tetsuo , Inagaki Yuji 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ancestral kareniacean dinoflagellate has undergone tertiary endosymbiosis, in which the original plastid is replaced by a haptophyte endosymbiont. During this plastid replacement, the endosymbiont genes were most likely flowed into the host dinoflagellate genome (endosymbiotic gene transfer or EGT). Such EGT may have generated the redundancy of functionally homologous genes in the host genome—one has resided in the host genome prior to the haptophyte endosymbiosis, while the other transferred from the endosymbiont genome. However, it remains to be well understood how evolutionarily distinct but functionally homologous genes were dealt in the dinoflagellate genomes bearing haptophyte‐derived plastids. To model the gene evolution after EGT in plastid replacement, we here compared the characteristics of the two evolutionally distinct genes encoding plastid‐type glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in Karenia brevis and K. mikimotoi bearing haptophyte‐derived tertiary plastids: “gapC1h” acquired from the haptophyte endosymbiont and “gapC1p” inherited from the ancestral dinoflagellate. Our experiments consistently and clearly demonstrated that, in the two species examined, the principal plastid‐type GAPDH is encoded by gapC1h rather than gapC1p. We here propose an evolutionary scheme resolving the EGT‐derived redundancy of genes involved in plastid function and maintenance in the nuclear genomes of dinoflagellates that have undergone plastid replacements. Although K. brevis and K. mikimotoi are closely related to each other, the statuses of the two evolutionarily distinct gapC1 genes in the two Karenia species correspond to different steps in the proposed scheme.