bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate signals in carbon and oxygen isotope ratios ofPinus cembratree‐ring cellulose from the Călimani Mountains, Romania
Authors: Nagavciuc Viorica , Kern Zoltán , Ionita Monica , Hartl Claudia , Konter Oliver , Esper Jan , Popa Ionel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe analyse annually resolved tree‐ring stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic chronologies from Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembraL.) in Romania. The chronologies cover the period between 1876 and 2012 and integrate data from four individual trees from the Calimani Mts in the eastern Carpathians where climatic records are scarce and starts only from 1961. Calibration trials show that the δ13C values correlate with local April–May relative humidity and with regional to larger scale (European) summer precipitation. δ18O correlates significantly with local relative humidity, cloud cover, maximum temperature, as well as European scale drought conditions. In all cases, the climate effects on δ13C values are weaker than those recorded in the δ18O data, with the latter revealing a tendency toward higher (lower) values of δ18O during extremely dry (wet) years. The most striking signal, however, is the strong link between the interannual δ18O variability recorded in the Calimani Mts and large‐scale circulation patterns associated with North Atlantic and Mediteraneean Sea sea surface temperatures. High (low) values of δ18O occur in association with a high (low) pressure system over the central and eastern part of Europe and with a significantly warmer (colder) Mediterranean Sea surface temperature. These results demonstrate the possibility of using tree ring oxygen isotopes from the eastern Carpathians to reconstruct regional drought conditions in eastern Europe on long‐term time scales and larger scale circulation dynamics over the preinstrumental periods.
The composition and oxidative stability of vegetarian omega‐3 algal oil nanoemulsions suitable for functional food enrichment
Authors: Lane Katie E , Zhou Qiqian , Robinson Sharon , Li Weili 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDLong chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn3PUFA) nanoemulsion enriched foods offer the potential to address habitually low oily fish intakes. Nanoemulsions increase LCn3PUFA bioavailability, although they may cause lipid oxidation. The present study examined the oxidative stability of LCn3PUFA algal oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions created by ultrasound using natural and synthetic emulsifiers during 5 weeks of storage at 4, 20 and 40 °C. Fatty acid composition, droplet size ranges and volatile compounds were analysed.RESULTSNo significant differences were found for fatty acid composition at various temperatures and storage times. Lecithin nanoemulsions had significantly larger droplet size ranges at baseline and during storage, regardless of temperatures. Although combined Tween 40 and lecithin nanoemulsions had low initial droplet size ranges, there were significant increases at 40 °C after 5 weeks of storage. Gas chromatograms identified hexanal and propanal as predominant volatile compounds, along with 2‐ethylfuran, propan‐3‐ol and valeraldehyde. The Tween 40 only nanoemulsion sample showed the formation of lower concentrations of volatiles compared to lecithin samples. The formation of hexanal and propanal remained stable at lower temperatures, although higher concentrations were found in nanoemulsions than in bulk oil. The lecithin only sample had formation of higher concentrations of volatiles at increased temperatures, despite having significantly larger droplet size ranges than the other samples.CONCLUSIONPropanal and hexanal were the most prevalent of five volatile compounds detected in bulk oil and lecithin and/or Tween 40 nanoemulsions. Oxidation compounds remained more stable at lower temperatures, indicating suitability for the enrichment of refrigerated foods. Further research aiming to evaluate the oxidation stability of these systems within food matrices is warranted. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Polyphenol analysis using high‐resolution mass spectrometry allows differentiation of drought tolerant peanut genotypes
Authors: Juliano Fernanda F , Alvarenga José Fernando R , Lamuela‐Raventos Rosa Maria , Massarioli Adna P , Lima Liziane M , Santos Roseane C , Alencar Severino M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important economic food crop highly appreciated worldwide. Although peanut cultivation has been expanding to dry regions, with water stress during growth stages, current genotypes are not adapted to drought. This study aimed to identify and quantify the full range of polyphenols in five peanut genotypes with different degrees of drought tolerance developed by Embrapa (Brazil) using ultra‐high‐definition accurate‐mass liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–LTQ‐Orbitrap–mass spectrometry.RESULTSFifty‐eight polyphenols of the classes hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavonols and flavanones were identified and quantified using high mass accuracy data and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometric experiments. High‐definition mass spectrometric analyses revealed nine phenolic compounds that have never been reported in peanuts before. Polyphenol assessment using multivariate analysis allowed identification of the level of similarities among the five peanut genotypes studied.CONCLUSIONHigher drought‐tolerant genotypes exhibited higher content of flavonoids, which suggests a relationship between these compounds and drought tolerance traits. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Patterns of Dysphagia and Airway Protection in Infants with 22q11.2‐Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Wong Nicole S. , Feng Zipei , Rappazzo Christina , Turk Catherine , Randall Chelsea , Ongkasuwan Julina 
Published: October 2019

Objective22q11.2‐deletion syndrome is a genetic condition that affects 1:3000 births. In addition to cardiac anomalies and immunosuppression, individuals with 22q11.2‐deletion syndrome can have feeding difficulties from birth resulting in failure to thrive and infections. This study aims to characterize the dysphagia seen in infants with 22q11.2‐deletion syndrome.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of infants with 22q11.2‐deletion syndrome who underwent videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) from June 1, 2008 to January 1, 2018 at a tertiary children's hospital. Demographic data and VFSS findings were collected.ResultsForty‐four patients were identified, 52% were females, and mean age at VFSS was 71 days. In their lifetime, 30% of the patients had at least 1 episode of pneumonia, 66% had NG‐tube placement and 41% required G‐tube placement. 93% had oral‐phase dysphagia, and 89% had pharyngeal‐phase dysphagia. Twenty‐two patients (50%) demonstrated evidence of penetration. Eighteen patients (41%) showed tracheal aspiration. Of the patients that showed tracheal aspiration, 83% of them aspirated “silently.” Three patients (7%) had upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening dysfunction.ConclusionVast majority of the infants with 22q11.2‐deletion syndrome referred for swallow studies demonstrated evidence of dysphagia in both oral and pharyngeal phases with deficits in swallow physiology not yet documented in other studies. Importantly, more than 80% of these infants showed evidence of “silent” tracheal aspiration, which can lead to recurrent pneumonia and significant morbidity if overlooked. Prompt recognition is paramount in these infants to intervene early and reduce long‐term complications and also develop targeted interventions.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2532–2536, 2020
Olfactory cleft and sinus opacification differentially impact olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Loftus Catherine , Schlosser Rodney J. , Smith Timothy L. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Mattos Jose L. , Mappus Elliott , Storck Kristina , Yoo Frederick , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesPrior studies have indicated that olfactory cleft (OC) opacification correlates with olfaction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the results have been unclear in patients without polyps. The purpose of this study was to further explore the relationship between OC opacification, sinus opacification, and olfactory function in patients with CRS.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐eight patients with CRS were prospectively enrolled across five institutions. Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin’ Sticks tests (Burghardt, Wedel, Germany) and the 17‐item Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD‐NS). Computed tomography (CT) scans for each patient were acquired and Lund‐Mackay scores recorded. Opacification of the OC was determined using OsiriX MD (Pixmeo, Bernex, Switzerland) and correlated with olfaction scores.ResultsA total of 148 CRS patients, 73 CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and 75 CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), as well as 30 control subjects were enrolled. Overall OC opacification averaged 63.7% in CRS patients and 47.1% in control subjects (P < 0.001). In the overall cohort, OC opacification significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) (r = −0.520; P < 0.001) and QOD‐NS scores (r = 0.374; P < 0.001). CRSwNP patients demonstrated a significant correlation between OC opacification and TDI scores (r = −0.464; P < 0.001) but not the CRSsNP group (r = −0.143; P = 0.229). Lund‐Mackay score correlated with TDI in both the CRSsNP (r = −0.300; P = 0.010) and CRSwNP (r = −0.271; P = 0.019) groups.ConclusionCT opacification is associated with olfactory dysfunction differentially based on nasal polyp status. Smell loss in CRSwNP correlated with both OC opacification and Lund‐Mackay score, whereas CRSsNP correlated only with Lund‐Mackay score, indicating different relationships between olfactory function and local inflammatory processes in these disorders.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 130:2311–2318, 2020
Comparative transcriptomics supports the presence of G protein‐coupled receptor‐based signaling in unicellular marine eukaryotes
Authors: Mojib Nazia , Kubanek Julia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBeing abundant primary producers, single‐celled eukaryotic diatoms and dinoflagellates dominate marine food webs and significantly impact the ecology of the oceans. These organisms face competition and predation which have contributed to the evolution of chemical defenses and their ability to sense chemical cues. Elucidating how these chemical cues are perceived by organisms requires identification of proteins involved in relaying chemical information to cells. The functions of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling diversified over evolutionary time in multicellular organisms, but the role that GPCR signaling plays in unicellular eukaryotes remains largely unknown. Using comparative transcriptomic analysis, we identified repertoires of GPCR signaling proteins from 81 diatom and 36 dinoflagellate transcriptomes. Diatoms and dinoflagellates express putative GPCRs that are highly diverged from known metazoan GPCRs along with well‐conserved core components of GPCR signaling pathways. Unlike other eukaryotes that express multiple classes of GPCRs, diatoms and dinoflagellates were each found to express a single, major class of putative GPCRs with greatest similarity to class C and rhodopsin‐like GPCRs, respectively. Furthermore, only 4.2% of the GPCR‐like transcripts from dinoflagellates were predicted to be true GPCRs compared to 48% in diatoms. These results suggest that further expansion of GPCRs did not take place within each of these two major phytoplankton groups, and that dinoflagellate GPCRs are more divergent from known GPCRs than are diatom GPCRs. Our results provide additional evidence for the global existence of relatively ancestral GPCR signaling machinery in marine phytoplankton.
Negative brand meaning co‐creation in social media brand communities: A laddering approach using NVivo
Authors: Rossolatos George 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSocial media brand communities (SMBCs) have been heralded for their co‐creative, participatory potential whereby consumers actively contribute to the proliferation of meaningful brand avenues in a virtuously circular relationship with brands. Elevated loyalty and enhanced brand equity have been posited repeatedly as likely outcomes of a positively engaged community of brand aficionados. However, evidence to the contrary as negative brand co‐creation or brand co‐destruction has been progressively piling up in the extant literature. This paper contributes to the meaning co‐creation in SMBCs literature primarily on two grounds: first, by offering a methodological framework for adapting the laddering research technique in a mixed methods vein to SMBCs data in a thread‐specific context, by leveraging the analytical capabilities of NVivo CAQDAS software; second, by addressing bottlenecks in the applicability of the proposed methodology in light of negative brand co‐creation.
Sex differences in Parkinson's disease: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Kolmancic Kaja , Perellón‐Alfonso Ruben , Pirtosek Zvezdan , Rothwell John C. , Bhatia Kailash , Kojovic Maja 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDemographic and clinical studies imply that female sex may be protective for PD, but pathophysiological evidence to support these observations is missing. In early PD, functional changes may be detected in primary motor cortex using transcranial magnetic stimulation.ObjectiveWe hypothesised that if pathophysiology differs between sexes in PD, this will be reflected in differences of motor cortex measurements.MethodsForty‐one newly diagnosed PD patients (22 males, 19 females) were clinically assessed using MDS‐UPDRS part III, and various measures of cortical excitability and sensorimotor cortex plasticity were measured over both hemispheres, corresponding to the less and more affected side, using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Twenty‐three healthy (10 men, 13 women) participants were studied for comparison.ResultsAmong patients, no significant differences between sexes were found in age, age of diagnosis, symptom duration, and total or lateralized motor score. However, male patients had disturbed interhemispheric balance of motor thresholds, caused by decreased resting and active motor thresholds in the more affected hemisphere. Short interval intracortical inhibition was more effective in female compared to male patients in both hemispheres. Female patients had a preserved physiological focal response to sensorimotor plasticity protocol, whereas male patients showed an abnormal spread of the protocol effect.ConclusionThe study provides one of the first neurophysiological evidences of sex differences in early PD. Female patients have a more favorable profile of transcranial magnetic stimulation measures, possibly reflecting a more successful cortical compensation or delayed maladaptive changes in the sensorimotor cortex. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Omnidirectional broadband patch antenna with horizontal gain enhanced by epsilon‐negative metamaterial superstrate
Authors: Guo Yao , Zhao Jing , Hou Quanwen , Zhao Xiaopeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is hard to improve the horizontal gain of broadband omnidirectional patch antenna based on zero‐order resonance. Enlightened by metamaterial employed to enhance the directional patch antenna, we devised an epsilon‐negative (ENG) metamaterial as a cover that placed above omnidirectional antenna to enhance the horizontal gain. Then, the air layer is replaced by a low permittivity foam for practical application. Measured results prove that this method can improve the horizontal gain more than 30% (0.6 dBi) at various frequencies with roundness below 3 dB. This method provides a novel approach to improve the horizontal gain of broadband omnidirectional patch antenna, which is especially suitable for dedicated short‐range communication field.
High altitude ducts causing abnormal wave propagation in coastal area of Korea
Authors: Lim Tae Heung , Wang Sungsik , Chong Young‐Jun , Park Yong Bae , Ko Jinwon , Choo Hosung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes the number of duct occurrences in the Korean coastal area by seasonal statistical histograms using massive atmospheric data sets collected from 2010 to 2017 at four meteorological observatories. In order to estimate electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics in the presence of the duct atmosphere, we obtain and examine the path loss values by using the advanced refractive prediction system (AREPS) software applying the massive refractive index data set and the actual Korean coastal terrain data. These results are then fitted using Burr Type XII PDF curves to derive quantitative mean and variance values. To verify the suitability of the simulated path losses in the proposed analysis, the measurement of the path losses between Jeung‐do and Heuksan‐do are carried out in October 2017. The measurements and simulations of the autumn results are fitted by Burr Type XII CDF curves and agree well with each other.
Design of a dual band dual mode antenna for on/off body communications
Authors: Zhao Chen , Geyi Wen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA dual band dual mode patch antenna for on/off body communications is proposed in this letter. The antenna operates at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz with different radiation modes. The radiation pattern is omnidirectional at the lower frequency band while directional in the broadside at the higher frequency band. Through introducing a ground plane below the radiating patch, the influence of the human body on the performance of the proposed antenna is minimized and the specific absorption rate value is significantly reduced and is much lower than the standard limit value.
Application of the TRS 483 code of practice for reference and relative dosimetry in tomotherapy
Authors: Lopes Maria do Carmo , Santos Tania , Ventura Tiago , Capela Miguel 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo apply the recent code of practice from the IAEA/AAPM, TRS 483, to helical tomotherapy (HT) for reference and relative dosimetry obtaining correction factors for the Exradin A1SL ionization chamber.MethodsThe beam quality correction factor for the A1SL chamber was obtained through three different approaches following TRS 483 concepts and compared with published values. The determination of the reference absolute dose for the machine‐specific reference (msr) field was complemented with relative dosimetry through the determination of output factors of small fields using different detectors. The response of A1SL was compared with correction‐free film results and corrected output factors of other detectors.ResultsA weighted mean beam quality correction factor of 0.9945± 0.0073 was obtained for the A1SL chamber which is in agreement with values reported in the literature. Output factors obtained with different detectors were in agreement, given the uncertainty level. Considering the film output factors as free of corrections, the average value for A1SL output factors corrections was 1.000 ± 0.007.ConclusionsThe beam quality correction factors for the A1SL chamber obtained through the three different pathways recommended by TRS 483 agreed with each other and also with published values. The measurements from the A1SL chamber normalized to the msr field in HT can be taken as output factors for small clinical field sizes without further corrections.
Calculation of clinical dose distributions in proton therapy from microdosimetry
Authors: Bertolet Alejandro , Cortés‐Giraldo Miguel Antonio , Souris Kevin , Cohilis Marie , Carabe‐Fernandez Alejandro 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo introduce a new algorithm—MicroCalc—for dose calculation by modeling microdosimetric energy depositions and the spectral fluence at each point of a particle beam. Proton beams are considered as a particular case of the general methodology. By comparing the results obtained against Monte Carlo computations, we aim to validate the microdosimetric formalism presented here and in previous works.Materials and methodsIn previous works, we developed a function on the energy for the average energy imparted to a microdosimetric site per event and a model to compute the energetic spectrum at each point of the patient image. The number of events in a voxel is estimated assuming a model in which the voxel is completely filled by microdosimetric sites. Then, dose at every voxel is computed by integrating the average energy imparted per event multiplied by the number of events per energy beam of the spectral distribution within the voxel. Our method is compared with the proton convolution superposition (PCS) algorithm implemented in Eclipse™ and the fast Monte Carlo code MCsquare, which is here considered the benchmark, for in‐water calculations, using in both cases clinically validated beam data. Two clinical cases are considered: a brain and a prostate case.ResultsFor a SOBP beam in water, the mean difference at the central axis found for MicroCalc is of 0.86% against 1.03% for PCS. Three‐dimensional gamma analyses in the PTVs compared with MCsquare for criterion (3%, 3 mm) provide gamma index of 95.07% with MicroCalc vs 94.50% with PCS for the brain case and 99.90% vs 100.00%, respectively, for the prostate case. For selected organs at risk in each case (brainstem and rectum), mean and maximum difference with respect to MCsquare dose are analyzed. In the brainstem, mean differences are 0.25 Gy (MicroCalc) vs 0.56 Gy (PCS), whereas for the rectum, these values are 0.05 Gy (MicroCalc) vs 0.07 Gy (PCS).ConclusionsThe accuracy of MicroCalc seems to be, at least, not inferior to PCS, showing similar or better agreement with MCsquare in the considered cases. Additionally, the algorithm enables simultaneous computation of other quantities of interest. These results seem to validate the microdosimetric methodology in which the algorithm is based on.
Monte Carlo study of out‐of‐field exposure in carbon‐ion radiotherapy: Organ doses in pediatric brain tumor treatment
Authors: Matsumoto Shinnosuke , Yonai Shunsuke , Bolch Wesley E. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo estimate out‐of‐field doses during carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for pediatric cerebellar ependymoma.MethodsGiven that the out‐of‐field dose of CIRT depends on beam parameters, we set them for treatment of typical pediatric cerebellar ependymoma based on a previous study. The out‐of‐field dose during CIRT for pediatric cerebellar ependymoma was then estimated using the Particle and Heavy‐Ion Transport code System with Monte Carlo simulations and a computational phantom developed at the University of Florida. From the simulation results, out‐of‐field doses at dose equivalents of passive beam and active scanning beam CIRT were calculated and compared to the secondary neutron‐equivalent dose of passive beam CIRT and proton therapy.ResultsThe out‐of‐field dose equivalent decreases from 1.45 mSv/Gy (relative biological effectiveness — RBE) at the thyroid to 0.06 mSv/Gy (RBE) at the bladder, verifying decay as the distance from the treatment target increases. The out‐of‐field neutron‐equivalent dose in organs per prescribed dose for passive beam CIRT is lower than that for passive beam proton therapy. Moreover, the out‐of‐field organ dose equivalent per prescribed dose for the active scanning beam CIRT is lower than that for the passive beam CIRT.ConclusionsActive scanning beam CIRT is promising for pediatric cerebellar ependymoma regarding out‐of‐field exposure, outperforming the comparison radiotherapy modalities.