bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delay management for heterogeneous traffic in vehicular sensor networks using packet fragmentation of low priority data
Authors: Khan Anwar Ahmed , Siddiqui Shama , Siddiqui Muhammad Shoaib 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVehicular sensor networks (VSNs) are expected to revolutionize the transportation systems through automated decision‐making. These networks function on the communication between vehicles, traffic infrastructure, and people. One of the major challenges of VSNs is to deal with heterogeneous traffic due to the diverse nature of information and data generated by different types of sensors and devices within the vehicular environment. To ensure an effective operation of the network, it is crucial to offer a differentiated quality of service to each traffic class. Media access control (MAC) protocols offer an opportunity to provide differentiated channel access to the traffic of different priorities. This work is focused on offering comparison of recent MAC schemes in terms of their performance for heterogeneous traffic generated by VSNs. Two protocols FROG‐MAC and UrgMAC have been selected: FROG‐MAC is developed using a simple concept of packet fragmentation, where the packets of lower priority are fragmented to offer an early transmission opportunity to urgent traffic; on the other hand, urgMAC is designed using advanced cross‐layer techniques of two‐tiered service differentiation mechanism, adaptive data rate adjustment mechanism, urgency‐based contention window size adaptation, traffic type adaptive duty cycle, and multimedia message passing. It has been found that the FROG‐MAC outperforms urgMAC in terms of delay, energy consumption and packet delivery ratio.
Catalytic oxidation of CO over CuO@TiO2 catalyst: The relationship between activity and adsorption performance
Authors: Bai Yuan , Shi Ping , Zhang Xin , Wei Fei , Chen Liguo , Song Jing , Qiu Jian , Chen Bin , Zhu Hong , Xu Haitao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe emission of CO toxic gases seriously endangers environmental safety and human health. At present, the use of catalysts for catalytic oxidation of CO has become the mainstream research direction. In this study, CuO@TiO2 catalysts with different ratios were prepared by solvent hydrothermal method, and the effects of reaction pretreatment temperature and other factors on the catalytic oxidation performance of CO were investigated. The experimental results show that the catalyst can achieve 100% conversion of CO at 115°C under the condition of pretreament at 350°C for 2 h. This excellent performance is due to the uniform distribution of the active component on the surface of the TiO2 support, and the large pore structure constructed by the solvent hydrothermal method enhances the adsorption and activation of CO. This work provides an idea for the preparation of CO oxidation catalysts.
Integrated energy microgrids participating in voltage regulation ancillary services: An improved ADMM based distributed optimization approach
Authors: Xiao Hao , Pei Wei , Han Daoxin , Pu Xiaowei , Wang Jiarui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe integrated energy microgrid (IEM) has good potential for both active and reactive power regulation, which are gradually becoming critical resources for participating in power system ancillary services. This paper constructs a distributed optimization model for the IEMs participating in voltage regulation ancillary services by considering multiple physical network constraints. To reduce computational complexity, the DistFlow power flow model and the second‐order cone relaxation method are introduced to transform the optimization model into a second‐order cone programming problem. Moreover, an improved accelerated consensus alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is proposed to accelerate distributed optimization solutions of the model while protecting user privacy. Finally, the proposed optimization model and solution method are tested in the modified IEEE‐33 node test case to verify their effectiveness and feasibility.
Efficacy of anti-obesity medication (AOM) and endoscopic gastric remodeling (EGR): Analysis of combination therapy with optimal timing and agents
Authors: Jirapinyo Pichamol , Jaroenlapnopparat Aunchalee , Thompson Christopher C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic gastric remodeling (EGR) and anti-obesity medications (AOMs) are effective weight loss therapies. While the efficacy of EGR and AOMs has been established, the effect of combination therapy and its optimal approach remain unknown.
Patients and methods This was a single-center retrospective
review of prospectively collected data from patients who underwent EGR. Patients were
categorized as: 1) monotherapy – EGR alone; 2) combination therapy – an AOM prescribed within
6 months of EGR; and 3) sequential therapy – an AOM prescribed greater than 6 months of EGR.
Outcomes included percent total weight loss (%TWL) at 12 months, response rate (≥ 10%TWL at 12
months), and serious adverse event rate.
Results A total of 208 patients were included. Of them, 65 (34%), 61 (31%), and 82 (35%) underwent monotherapy, combination therapy, and sequential therapy, respectively. At 12 months, patients who received EGR+GLP-1RA combination therapy achieved the greatest weight loss (23.7±4.6% TWL), while those who began with AOM followed by EGR more than 6 months later had the lowest weight loss (12.0±7.7%TWL) compared with monotherapy (17.3±10.0% TWL) (P = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). The response rate was 100% for EGR+GLP-1RA combination therapy and 56% for AOM followed by EGR sequential therapy (P = 0.02).
Conclusions Combining AOM with EGR appears to result in greater weight loss compared with other strategies, with GLP-1RA as the preferred agent and optimal initiation of both therapies occurring within 6 months of each other. Prolonged medication use prior to EGR appears to be associated with suboptimal weight loss, suggesting the importance of early referral for adjunctive therapy.
Advancements in MELD Score and Its Impact on Hepatology
Authors: Hudson David , Valentin Cortez Francisco Javier , León Ivonne Hurtado Díaz de , Malhi Gurpreet , Rivas Angelica , Afzaal Tamoor , Rad Mahsa Rahmany , Diaz Luis Antonio , Khan Mohammad Qasim , Arab Juan Pablo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere continues to be an ongoing need for fair and equitable organ allocation. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score has evolved as a calculated framework to evaluate and allocate patients for liver transplantation objectively. The original MELD score has undergone multiple modifications as it is continuously scrutinized for its accuracy in objectively representing the clinical context of patients with liver disease. Several refinements and iterations of the score have been developed, including the widely accepted MELD-Na score. In addition, the most recent updated iteration, MELD 3.0, has been created. The MELD 3.0 calculator incorporates new variables such as patient sex and serum albumin levels and assigns new weights for serum sodium, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and creatinine levels. It is anticipated that the use of MELD 3.0 scores will reduce overall waitlist mortality and enhance access for female liver transplant candidates. However, despite the emergence of the MELD score as one of the most objective measures for fair organ allocation, various countries and healthcare systems employ alternative methods for stratification and organ allocation. This review article will highlight the origins of the MELD score, its iterations, the current MELD 3.0, and future directions for managing liver transplantation organ allocation.
Lay Summary
Organ donation is crucial for the management of patients unwell with liver disease, but organs must be allocated fairly and equitably. One method used for this is the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, which helps objectively decide which patient is a candidate for liver transplant. Over time, the MELD score has been refined to better reflect patients' needs. For example, the latest version, MELD 3.0, now considers factors like nutrition and gender. This should ensure that more patients, especially females, are candidates and receive appropriate access to liver transplantation. However, not every country uses the MELD score. Some countries have created their own scoring systems based on local research. This review will explain where the MELD score came from, how it has changed, the current characteristics of the MELD 3.0 score, and what the future might hold for organ allocation in liver transplants.
CBCT Guidance for Removing Foreign Object from the Jawbone: A Case Study
Authors: Rizqiawan Andra , Kamadjaja David B. , Raka Dewa Gede , Nisa Kharisma , Ramadhani Nastiti Faradilla , Nurrachman Aga Satria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractForeign objects lodged in the mandibular bone often result from trauma or dental procedures. Accurate localization of these foreign objects is crucial for guided surgical removal, especially when patients present with persistent pain. Conventional imaging modalities like periapical and panoramic radiographs may not provide sufficient detail for precise localization. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a valuable tool for guided surgical interventions owing to its superior imaging capabilities. We present two cases of foreign objects lodged in the mandible, where patients complained of prolonged pain, soreness, and numbness in the right mandible extending to the head and behind the ear. Both patients had undergone previous right mandibular tooth extractions and received treatment from a neurologist without resolution of symptoms. Both cases showed the control improvement in complaints, and no paresthesia or postoperative complications were found. CBCT-guided surgical removal was performed in both cases, revealing a metal specimen measuring 6 × 3 × 1 mm3 in the first patient and a remaining root measuring 5 × 3 × 2 mm3 in the second patient. Diagnosing foreign objects in the mandible poses challenges due to their varied size, composition, and proximity to vital structures. CBCT offers superior imaging resolution, enabling precise localization and assessment of anatomical relationships, such as the distance to the inferior alveolar nerve and surrounding boundaries. CBCT emerges as the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing and guiding the surgical removal of foreign objects in the mandible. Its advantages include accurate localization, low radiation exposure, and cost-effectiveness. Compared with CT scans, CBCT also offers faster scanning times, making it a valuable tool in clinical practice for managing such cases
Remineralizing Potential of Natural Hydroxyapatite from Snakehead (Channa striata) Fish Bone on Remineralization of Primary Teeth Enamel: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Dewi Nurdiana , Rahmah Rindha Aulia , Wardhana Agung Satria , Puspitasari Dewi , Wasiaturrahmah Yusrinie , Gustiono Dwi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroxyapatite from snakehead (Channa striata) fish bone on the surface hardness of the enamel of the primary teeth.
Materials and Methods Twenty-six primary maxillary incisors were mounted on self-cured acrylic resin, divided into two groups, and demineralized. Remineralization was performed using hydroxyapatite paste synthesized from C. striata fish bone by the precipitation method. The case group was subjected to 15% hydroxyapatite paste and subsequently submerged in artificial saliva, while the control group was only exposed to artificial saliva. Enamel hardness was measured by the Vickers hardness tester after 7 days of treatment. The statistical analysis used in this research was an independent t-test.
Results The case group had a surface hardness of 356.192 ± 25.218, and the control group had a surface hardness of 269.686 ± 22.931. Statistical tests showed a significant difference between the case and control groups.
Conclusion Hydroxyapatite paste from snakehead (C. striata) fishbone stimulates remineralization of primary teeth, as evidenced by an increase in the enamel surface hardness of the teeth.
Correction of Severe Pterygium Colli with a Staged, Double, Posterior and Lateral Approach: A Case Report
Authors: San Basilio María , Lorca-García Concepción , de la Torre Manuel , Terrados Rocío , Berenguer Beatriz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPterygium colli is a rare congenital disorder characterized by excessive skin in the lateral and posterior neck, often associated with genetic syndromes such as Turner's syndrome or Klippel–Feil syndrome. Severe presentations present special challenges for surgeons since its diagnosis is not always evident and its treatment often results in important scaring. Surgical correction of the typical cases mostly involves a lateral approach, but in this “special” case, we used a double, posterior and lateral approach. A 15-month-old girl with prenatal diagnosis of a cystic lesion in the posterior neck presented with massive neck webbing at birth. Genetic studies ruled out chromosomal disorders and RASA 1 mutations. Surgical correction involved a modified posterior approach combined with a lateral approach 1 year later. The cervical tissue redundancy was successfully reduced achieving a good aesthetic outcome with very acceptable scars. At 1 year of follow-up, the patient continues with good neck appearance and mobility. The goal of surgical treatment of pterygium colli is achieving a harmonious neck contour with good function and minimal scarring while minimizing complications and sequelae. No consensus exists on the optimal approach for its correction, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment considering patient-specific characteristics, particularly in the severe cases.
Giant Cell Tumor of Capitate with Secondary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Ramanujapuram Suneel , Parameswaran Apurve , Perubhotla Lakshmi Manasa , Mohammed Murtuza Ahmed , Shah Harshil Nitinkumar , Eachempati Krishna Kiran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the carpal bones are rare. GCTs of the hand tend to be aggressive, could result in multifocal presentation, and have a high rate of recurrence.
Case Description We report a rare case of GCT of the capitate with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in a 40-year-old man. The patient presented with complaints of pain and swelling over his right wrist since 6 months. Radiographs showed the presence of a lytic lesion in the capitate. Magnetic resonance imaging scanning revealed a well-defined, lobulated, multiseptate lytic lesion involving the entire capitate, extending into its subarticular regions. Fine-needle aspiration revealed findings suggestive of a GCT. He underwent en-bloc excision of the capitate, bone grafting of the defect using an appropriately sized bicortical iliac crest autograft, and third carpometacarpal and midcarpal fusion. Histopathological examination of the lesion confirmed the presence of a GCT, with a secondary ABC. At 3 years following surgery, he was asymptomatic with no signs of tumor recurrence, radiocarpal arthritis, or instability. He was able to perform 45 and 60 degrees of wrist extension and flexion, respectively.
Literature Review To our knowledge, there are no prior reported cases of GCT of the capitate with a secondary ABC.
Clinical Relevance GCTs of the hand in general have a high rate of recurrence. The presence of a super-added ABC could further increase this risk. In the authors' opinion, en-bloc excision of the affected bone, reconstruction of the defect, and appropriate fusion is the optimal mode of management of these cases.
“To the crematorium”: postwar U.S. tourism to West German concentration camps and beyond
Authors: Werle Leonie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor a long time since the end of the Second World War, the memory of concentration camps influenced U.S. public views on Germany. When in the late 1940s Americans could travel to West Germany again, a new tourist industry brought West Germany, and with-it Germany’s recent past, closer to the U.S. American public. This article investigates the renewed travel interest of Americans in West Germany with a special focus on former concentration camp sites. It demonstrates the importance of tourism in creating new cultural ties, the ways in which U.S. tourism to the camps established a memory of the Second World War, and how these narratives influenced German-American relations. In newspaper articles, visitors to West Germany shared their experiences, attitudes, and challenges upon visiting the former concentration camp sites and through those interactions made sense of the war and their own position in the postwar world order.
Constructing surface oxygen vacancy in the [Bi2O2]2+ layer defects mediated Bi2MoO6 enhanced visible light responsive photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhu Yali , Wu Rong , Li Aolin , Hui Jialei , Zhang Zhilong , Wei Shunhang 
Published: November 2024

Bi2MoO6 nanospheres with surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs) controlled by the calcination process were prepared in this study. Performance testing revealed that the Bi2MoO6-4 sample (Bi2MoO6 calcined at 350 °C for 4 h) with SOVs achieved a remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency up to 99.16% for Rhodamine B (RhB) within 50 min, which is 2.19 times higher than that of pure Bi2MoO6. The higher photocatalytic performance of the Bi2MoO6-4 sample is attributed to the SOVs’ defect level located at the Bi2MoO6 bandgap, narrowing the bandgap to effectively promote the photogenerated charge separation. The promotion of photocarrier separation and electron were transferred due to the Bi–O bond breakage in the Bi2MoO6-4 [Bi2O2]2+ layer, which mediates the defect level of SOVs in the band structure. The density functional theory calculation results reveal the possible formation site of the oxygen vacancy and the vacancy-induced defect states. This study provides a new approach for fabricating new photocatalysts with surface oxygen defects.
Rational design of MoS2/CNT heterostructure with rich S-vacancy for enhanced HER performance
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Li Jinhua , Wang Zhiying , Tan Fengxue , Shi Kaixi , Zhai Yingjiao 
Published: November 2024

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to excellent stability and low cost. However, the utilization in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution is constrained by inherent shortcomings, including fewer edge active sites, poor dispersion, and electrical conductivity. In this work, MoS2 was compounded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are known for their high specific surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. These CNTs, laden with oxygen-containing functional groups, provided nucleation sites that facilitated the rapid assembly of MoS2 nanoflowers under hydrothermal conditions within 3 h. Due to their diminutive size (∼300 nm), these nanoflowers possess a large specific surface area and numerous active sites at their edges. Furthermore, MoS2 nanoflowers exhibited a high concentration of intrinsic S-vacancies. This heterojunction material exhibited superior HER properties. In addition, density functional theory simulation further confirmed that the MoS2 with S vacancy and CNT heterojunction electrocatalysts (VS-M/C) provided a fast charge transfer pathway for water electrolysis, and analysis showed that the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum were mainly contributed by the d orbits of Mo and the p orbits of C. This study proffered a novel approach for the engineering of high-performance MoS2-based HER electrocatalysts.
Estimation of soil loss and sediment yield by using the modified RUSLE model in the Indus River basin, including the quantification of error and uncertainty in remote-sensing images
Authors: Boota Muhammad Waseem , Soomro Shan-e-hyder , Xia Haoming , Qin Yaochen , Azeem Syed Shahid , Yan Chaode , Luo Weiran , Yousaf Ayesha , Boota Muhammad Azeem 
Published: November 2024

Context Indus River is the cradle of Pakistani lifeline, and its lower reaches are prone to soil loss owing to bank erosion. Aims The aim was to investigate the sediment yield in the Lower Indus River Basin (LIRB), while addressing challenges related to error or uncertainty in remote-sensing data. Methods We employed a modified revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model, integrating high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and calibrated Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with station data (CHIRPS). Additional data layers, including land use, soil and cropping data, were also utilised. Key results The extent of actual soil erosion ranges from minimum to maximum erosion; 38.9% area lies in the range >50 Mg ha‒1 year‒1, whereas 23.2% area lies in the range of 0–10 Mg ha‒1 year‒1, and 18.1% area lies in the range of 10–20 Mg ha‒1 year‒1. Conclusions The study identifies critical erosion areas and tackles uncertainties in remote-sensing data. The spatial analysis showed that higher distribution sediment erosion along the channel flow direction from the northern part of LIRB to the Arabian Sea. Implications The findings have provided critical information for policymakers and water managers to implement effective measures to reduce erosion, maintain soil integrity and promote the sustainability of the Indus River system.
Impressions of Parton Distribution Functions
Authors: Yu 俞 Yang 杨 , Roberts Craig D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Parton distribution functions (DFs) have long been recognized as key measures of hadron structure. Today, theoretical prediction of such DFs is becoming possible using diverse methods for continuum and lattice analyses of strong interaction (QCD) matrix elements. Recent developments include a demonstration that continuum and lattice analyses yield mutually consistent results for all pion DFs, with behavior on the far valence domain of light-front momentum fraction that matches QCD expectations. Theory is also delivering an understanding of the distributions of proton mass and spin amongst its constituents, which varies, of course, with the resolving scale of the measuring probe. Aspects of the pion DF and proton spin developments are sketched herein, along with some novel perspectives on gluon and quark orbital angular momentum.
Photovoltaic effect in methylammonium lead triiodide single crystal
Authors: Kapustianyk Volodymyr , Kolomiets Volodymyr , Eliyashevskyy Yuriy , Uhrynovych Olesia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to the crystalline acentricity leading to the bulk photovoltaic effect (PV) the ferroelectrics (FEs) are considered as important candidates for creation of the PV cells overcoming the Shockley–Queisser limit of semiconductors. However, this research direction still requires more investigations to develop reliable pathways for PV efficiency optimization. The recent progress in the power conversion efficiency of the cells based on the organic-based compounds such as CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite attracted much attention of the scientists. Unfortunately, manufacturing of these multilayer cells implies a very complicated technology and very high price of the devices. Under such circumstances investigations of the PV effect in the single crystals of FE perovskites look very promising. In this paper we report that due to the sample illumination with intensive UV light, CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal is transformed from the pristine antiFE into the FE state. As a result, the PV effect characteristic of the FEs is realized in this material. The theoretically maximal value of the power conversion efficiency in this case was found to be one of the largest among the single crystals of this class of ferroics. We also considered the ways allowing to increase the PV efficiency of the potential solar cells based on such materials.