bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel ultrasound-guided approach to the axillary vein: Oblique-axis view combined with in-plane puncture
Authors: Brescia Fabrizio , Biasucci Daniele G , Fabiani Fabio , Favarato Michela , Costa Fabio , Longo Ferdinando , Martuscelli Matteo , Vitiello Michelangelo , Pittiruti Mauro 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the axillary vein in the infraclavicular area has several potential advantages for both short-term and long-term venous access devices. Currently, there are two techniques to approach axillary vein for ultrasound-guided cannulation: out-of-plane puncture in the short-axis view and the in-plane puncture in the long-axis view. We propose a novel ultrasound-guided puncture technique of axillary vein for centrally inserted central catheter placement, which consists in the oblique-axis view of the axillary vein coupled with the in-plane puncture. The main objectives of this study were feasibility and safety of this approach. The primary endpoints were the success rate and early complications; the secondary endpoints were late complications. Methods: We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort of 80 ultrasound-guided cannulation of axillary vein performed with the oblique axis-in-plane technique in 80 cancer patients requiring a totally implantable central venous access, at CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, during the period from January 2016 up to October 2017. We focused on the percentage of successful venous cannulation at the first attempt and on the cumulative incidence of early and late complications. Results: Axillary vein cannulation was successful at the first attempt in 77 out of 80 patients (96%). We had no significant complications during placement or in the first 48 h. The total number of catheter days was 27,432. The cumulative incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection was of 0.036 per 1000 catheter days (only one case). We had no infection of the pocket of the reservoir, no symptomatic venous thrombosis, and no catheter migration. Conclusion: Our data show that the oblique axis-in-plane technique of the ultrasound approach to the axillary vein is feasible and safe.
Buddy taping versus splint immobilization for paediatric finger fractures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weber Daniel M. , Seiler Michelle , Subotic Ulrike , Kalisch Markus , Weil Robert 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this single-centre randomized controlled trial was to assess the non-inferiority of buddy taping versus splint immobilization of extra-articular paediatric finger fractures. Secondary fracture displacement was the primary outcome; patient comfort, cost and range of finger motion were secondary outcomes. Ninety-nine children were randomly assigned to taping or splinting. Sixty-nine fractures were undisplaced; 31 were displaced and required reduction before taping or splinting. Secondary displacement occurred in one patient in the taping and three in the splinting group. The risk difference was below the predefined non-inferiority level of 5%. All secondary displacements occurred in the 31 displaced fractures after reduction and were in little fingers. Patient comfort was significantly higher and cost lower in the taping group. We conclude from this study the non-inferiority of buddy taping versus splint immobilization of extra-articular paediatric finger fractures in general. We advise treatment may need to be individualized for patients with displaced fractures because we cannot make any absolute conclusions for these fractures. Level of evidence: I
Validity of Ultrasound Compared with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Distal Femur in Children
Authors: Jungesblut Oliver D. , Berger-Groch Josephine , Meenen Norbert M. , Stuecker Ralf , Rupprecht Martin 
Published: February 2019

Objective Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the gold standard to diagnose and monitor osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee. The purpose of this study was to evaluate for the first time if ultrasound imaging can be used to visualize osteochondritis dissecans of the distal femur. Design From May 2008 to December 2013, 44 children (26 boys and 18 girls) presenting with OCD of the knee in our department were examined and evaluated by ultrasound imaging. Mean age at diagnosis was 11.8 ± 2.2 years. Two independent experienced orthopedic surgeons analyzed the localization, stage, and the size of the OCD via ultrasound and compared the results with the MRI findings. Results Ultrasonic examination has limitations in assessing the OCD stage I and therefore is not suitable for evaluating this stage of the disease. In stages II to IV, a good correlation to MRI regarding defect localization and size can be found, when the defect is localized in a region that is accessible to ultrasonic examination. Conclusion Ultrasonic scan is an appropriate tool for the screening and monitoring of OCDs stages II to IV. It provides an inexpensive and readily available alternative to MRI. In addition, the healing process of higher grade defects as well as the screening of the opposite side can also be performed by ultrasound. Detection of defects being localized close to the intercondylar notch or far posterior on the lateral condyle are limitations for the use of ultrasound.
Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool
Authors: Abu Fanne Rami , Kleiner Shochat Michael , Shotan Avraham , Frimerman Aharon , Maraga Emad , Amsalem Naama , Levi Yaniv , Meisel Simcha R 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Previous studies, published before the advent of primary reperfusion, described the electrocardiographic features of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) caused by total diagonal artery occlusion, as demonstrated at pre-discharge coronary angiography. We aimed to assess the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features in STEMI unequivocally attributed to a diagonal lesion in the era of primary coronary intervention.

Methods:
The electrocardiograms and echocardiograms of patients sustaining STEMI caused by diagonal artery involvement were compared with those of patients with STEMI attributed to proximal or mid left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions. ST-segment deviations were measured at four different points in each lead and analyzed against TIMI flow and SNuH score. The electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features of each group were mapped.

Results:
In contrast to previous studies claiming an ever-present incidence of at least 1-mm ST-segment elevation in leads I and aVL with diagonal STEMI, we report 86% of any ST-elevation in leads I, aVL and V2 (64–71% for ST-elevation &gt;1 mm). Both higher SNuH score and pre-intervention TIMI flow were associated with larger lateral ST-elevations (85.7% and 86.4–95.5%, respectively). Higher prevalence of ST-depression in the inferior leads reflecting reciprocal changes was observed in patients with diagonal-induced STEMI (57–76% vs. 24–51% in LAD obstructions, p &lt;0.05).

Conclusion:
The most sensitive and predictive sign for acute ischemia was any degree of ST-deviation measured 1 mm beyond the J point. ST-elevations in I, aVL and V2, sparing V3-V5, strongly favor isolated diagonal lesion. Proximal LAD lesion lacking ST-segment elevations in leads I and aVL is primarily due to wraparound LAD anatomy.
Comparative Eye Effect of Unilateral Intravitreal Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, and Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Malbin Brett , Patel Harshad P. , He Yuguang , Le Kim , Lin Xihui 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to compare the fellow-eye effect of unilateral intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept) in patients with bilateral diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of hemoglobin A1c-matched groups receiving unilateral anti-VEGF injections (1.25 mg bevacizumab, 0.5 mg ranibizumab, and 2 mg aflibercept) in which the second eye had subclinical DME. Two main outcome measures evaluated were central subfield thickness (CST) on optical coherence tomography and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Patients were excluded if they had poor BCVA (< 20/100) or had received laser, vitrectomy, filtering surgery, or pharmacologic treatments in the 3 months prior in the noninjected eye. Results: A total of 2073 total intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for DME were reviewed and 94 met the inclusion criteria: 40 bevacizumab, 33 ranibizumab, and 21 aflibercept. At 1 month, the CST of the fellow eye in the bevacizumab group had a statistically significant decrease (296.82 µm to 292.46 µm, P = .01) while both the ranibizumab and aflibercept groups trended toward worsening edema. When compared to ranibizumab and aflibercept, the CST in the noninjected eye in the bevacizumab group had improvements of –15.03 µm and –13.47 µm, respectively ( P < .019). When bevacizumab was switched to ranibizumab or aflibercept, the edema in the fellow eye worsened by +49.60 µm and +5.50 µm, respectively. Conclusion: Bevacizumab injection has a statistically significant therapeutic effect in the fellow eye when compared to those treated with ranibizumab and aflibercept. The edema in the fellow eye worsened when injection in the primary eye was switched away from bevacizumab.
Treatment Outcomes of Pediatric Patients With Ewing Sarcoma in a War-Torn Nation: A Single-Institute Experience From Iraq
Authors: Majeed Sazgar S. , Muhammad Hawzheen A. , Ali Jalil S. , Khudhair Hassanain H. , Said Ayah , Arif Shkar O. , Murad Karzan M. , Gendari Ali H. , Muhsin Bamo M. , Mohammed Shwan A. , Mula-Hussain Layth 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a relatively rare, highly malignant tumor of the musculoskeletal system. It is the second most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents in the age group of 5 to 20 years. The aim of this study was to identify the treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with ES in Sulaimani governorate, Iraq. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study that reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients with ES who were managed between 2009 and 2015, with follow-up until late 2017. Patient- and tumor-related factors were correlated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 31 pediatric patients with ES were included in this study. All the patients received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, whereas only 14 patients underwent surgical resection and just eight had free surgical margins. The median age at diagnosis was 13 years, 58% were male, and 42% were female. The presenting symptoms at diagnosis were mostly pain (67.7%) and palpable mass (25.8%). The primary tumor was located in the extremities (51.6%), the thoracic cage (19.4%), the pelvis (16.1%), and the lumbar vertebrae (12.9%). Approximately two thirds of the patients (61.3%) had localized disease at the time of presentation. The 5-year overall survival was 19%, and the 5-year recurrence-free survival was 34%. CONCLUSION Clinical outcomes of ES in pediatric patients in our war-torn nation, Iraq, are still markedly inferior to the published outcomes from stable, developed nations. Additional large and multicenter national studies are required. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures need improvement, and multidisciplinary and comprehensive cancer-integrated approaches are vital for better outcomes.
Posterior Cortical Atrophy
Authors: Schott Jonathan M. , Crutch Sebastian J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article presents an overview of the clinical syndrome of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), including its pathologic underpinnings, clinical presentation, investigation findings, diagnostic criteria, and management.

RECENT FINDINGS
PCA is usually an atypical form of Alzheimer disease with relatively young age at onset. New diagnostic criteria allow patients to be diagnosed on a syndromic basis as having a primary visual (pure) form or more complex (plus) form of PCA and, when possible, on a disease-specific basis using biomarkers or underlying pathology. Imaging techniques have demonstrated that some pathologic processes are concordant (atrophy, hypometabolism, tau deposition) with clinical symptoms and some are discordant (widespread amyloid deposition). International efforts are under way to establish the genetic underpinnings of this typically sporadic form of Alzheimer disease. In the absence of specific disease-modifying therapies, a number of practical suggestions can be offered to patients and their families to facilitate reading and activities of daily living, promote independence, and improve quality of life

SUMMARY
While rare, PCA is an important diagnostic entity for neurologists, ophthalmologists, and optometrists to recognize to allow for early accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management. PCA provides an important opportunity to investigate the causes of selective vulnerability in Alzheimer disease.
Ni–Co–Mn Oxyhydroxide Nanosheets with a Semiconductor-Like Electronic Structure
Authors: Suzuki Shinya , Shimamoto Kento , Miyayama Masaru 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this study, the yield of nanosheets fabricated through the exfoliation of Li(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.34)O2 in aqueous solution was enhanced by performing an additional chemical oxidation step. The lateral dimensions and thickness of the obtained nanosheets were estimated via atomic force microscopy, and their chemical composition was determined using thermogravimetry, chemical composition analysis, and X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements, while their local crystal structure was examined using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure techniques. In addition, the electrode properties of the restacked nanosheets in aqueous KOH solution were compared with those of the layer-structured bulk material.
Editorial
Authors: Soares Adriana Benevides , Tsallis Alexandra Cleopatre , Jacó Vilela Ana Maria , Mendes Deise Maria Fernandes , Quadros Laura Cristina De Toledo , Valentim Renata Patrícia Forain de , Darriba Vinicius Anciães 
Published: February 2019

Adriana Benevides Soares, Alexandra Cleopatre Tsallis, Ana Maria Jacó Vilela, Deise Maria Fernandes Mendes, Laura Cristina de Toledo Quadros, Renata Patrícia Forain de Valentim, Vinicius Anciães Darriba
Experiências na família de origem que repercutem no clima familiar dos descendentes
Authors: Costa Ramona Daniela Bernardo , Costa Crístofer Batista da , Mosmann Clarisse Pereira , Falcke Denise 
Published: February 2019

As características do sistema familiar podem ser fatores de risco ou proteção para o desenvolvimento dos seus membros. Na família, o indivíduo constitui sua identidade e seu repertório inicial de habilidades emocionais, cognitivas e sociais que usará na vida adulta. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se as experiências na família de origem reverberam no clima familiar dos seus descendentes, e o poder preditivo das variáveis encontradas. Foram avaliadas 372 pessoas, sendo 186 mulheres e 186 homens. A idade dos participantes variou de 19 a 81 anos (M = 39,92; DP = 12,62) e o tempo de relacionamento de 1 a 56 anos (M = 14,81; DP = 11,69). Foram utilizados os questionários Family Background Questionnaire (FBQ) e Inventário do Clima Familiar (ICF). Os dados foram analisados por meio de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear método stepwise. Os resultados indicaram que todas as experiências da família de origem se correlacionaram com pelo menos uma das dimensões do clima familiar. O estilo de decisão materno e abuso de substâncias paterno vivenciados na infância e adolescência na família de origem foram as variáveis preditoras do clima familiar atual dos participantes.
Genetic variability of charophyte algae in the Baltic Sea area
Authors: Nowak Petra , Schubert Hendrik 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Baltic Sea, a young habitat in geological terms, is characterised by strong climatic and salinity gradients that determine species distribution and trigger adaptation processes. The aim here was to test the hypothesis that Baltic Sea charophytes which originate from large freshwater populations exhibit a higher genetic variability than euryhaline charophyte species, restricted to a small number of brackish-marine populations. For this, genetic variability of euryhaline, mesohaline and halotolerant freshwater charophytes with different distribution patterns and population sizes were analysed. Euryhaline Lamprothamnium papulosum, restricted to a few and small populations in the Baltic Sea, showed a complete lack of genetic variability. Also euryhaline Tolypella with large and widely distributed populations displayed only low genetic variability. On the other hand, mesohaline Chara canescens, one of the most common charophytes in the Baltic Sea, exhibited comparatively high genetic variability, in spite of its parthenogenetic mode of reproduction. Halotolerant Chara baltica, originating from freshwater ancestors with a huge number of populations all over Europe, showed a rather restricted genetic variability, indicating a habitat filter acting prior to colonisation of brackish habitats.
Fucus vesiculosus adapted to a life in the Baltic Sea: impacts on recruitment, growth, re-establishment and restoration
Authors: Kautsky Lena , Qvarfordt Susanne , Schagerström Ellen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Fucus vesiculosus is common both on the tidal coasts of the North Atlantic and in the Baltic Sea, where it has adapted to low salinity and nontidal conditions over the last 7000 years. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, extensive declines of F. vesiculosus populations were reported in the Baltic Proper, mainly attributed to high nutrient loads. During the past 30–40 years, considerable efforts have been made to reduce nutrient runoff to coastal areas but few successful initiatives to restore F. vesiculosus populations have been performed. In this paper, we present how substratum manipulation, i.e. clean rocky surfaces, brushing rocks, Hildenbrandia rubra cover and different filamentous algae, as well as different algal exudates, affect the recruitment and survival of juvenile F. vesiculosus. Further, we show through a 5-year field experiment that it will take at least 4–5 years to reach reproductive age for F. vesiculosus in the Baltic Sea. We also present transplantation studies from two different areas, showing that epiphytic load, light, grazing and type of substratum are some of the factors that need to be taken into consideration in order to achieve successful restoration of F. vesiculosus.
Passive and active targeting in cancer therapy by liposomes and lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Alavi Mehran , Hamidi Mehrdad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConsiderable development in the application of injectable drug delivery systems for cancer therapy has occurred in the last few decades. These improvements include liposomes, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and other nanoparticles with or without macromolecular conjugates. For example, liposomal doxorubicin modified by poly(ethylene glycol) (Doxil) was the first liposome with anti-cancer effects which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, whereas Abraxane (modified albumin nanoparticles loaded by paclitaxel) was recently confirmed for the treatment of breast cancer. Recently, drug delivery systems by LNPs are an emerging technology with numerous advantages over conventional liposomes and chemotherapy using free drug treatment of cancer. These properties are biocompatibility, controlled and sustained release of anti-tumor drugs, and lower toxicity. Valuable experiments on these drug delivery systems offer better treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers and lower cardiotoxicity. LNPs have been presented with high functionality in chemotherapeutic targeting of breast and prostate cancer. The basis for this targeting behavior has been shown to be both passive and active targeting. The main objective of this review was an overview of the current position of the liposome-based drug delivery systems in targeted anticancer chemotherapy.
The crystal structure of bis(N,N-dimethylformamide-κO)-tetrakis(9H-xanthene-9-carboxylic-carboxylate-κ2
O:O′)dicopper(II) - acetonitrile (1/2), C66H56Cu2N4O14
Authors: Ren-Shu Wang , Jing Feng 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
C66H56Cu2N4O14, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.0791(5) Å, b = 11.5747(5) Å, c = 12.4037(6) Å, α = 77.782(4)°, β = 86.304(4)°, γ = 69.491(4)°, V = 1455.97(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0361, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0830, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1-benzyl-3-cyano-6-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine, C19H16N2
Authors: Chen Shi-Jun , Zhu Hao , Zhang Meng-Meng , Xu Wen-Wu , Wang Yu-Cai , Zhang Zhi-Fei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
C19H16N2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.5177(10) Å, b = 12.4761(16) Å, c = 16.118(2) Å, V = 1511.7(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0424, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0967, T = 293(2) K.
Perforated Wall in Controlling the Separation Bubble Due to Shock Wave –Boundary Layer Interaction
Authors: Raja sekar K. , Jegadheeswaran S. , Kannan R. , Manigandan P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The shock wave boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) induced separation bubble formation (SB) and its control has been investigated numerically in the mixed compression type of intake in the scramjet engine. The external compression has occurred due to the three successive oblique shocks formed from the three successive ramps of the forebody with the semi-wedge angle of 7.6, 7.0, and 9.4 respectively. The intake is designed in such a way that all three shocks converge and impinge on the leading edge of the cowl lip for the operating Mach number of 5.0. The numerical simulation is carried out by solving steady, compressible 2-D RANS equations using transitional SST k-ω turbulence model to capture the influence of SWBLI in the performance of supersonic intake. The formation of SB and its control by establishing the perforated wall in its proximity are investigated for three different cases based on the perforation with respect to SSB. Findings of the numerical simulation have concluded that the size of the SB decreases to an acceptable level while establishing the perforation in the entire fore-body wall in the isolator region. The feedback loop established between the upstream and downstream of SB could be a possible reason for reducing its size.
High-Pressure Third-Order Elastic Constants of MgO Single Crystal: First-Principles Investigation
Authors: Gu Jianbing , Wang Chenju , Sun Bin , Zhang Weiwei , Liu Dandan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
High-pressure third-order elastic constants of materials have rarely been investigated experimentally and theoretically to date, so the predictive ability of the method of the volume-conserving, homogeneous deformations based on the first-principles total-energy calculations is tested for the first time in this work. Using this approach, the high-pressure third-order elastic constants

C
111

−

3

C
112

+

2

C
123

${C_{111}}-3{C_{112}}+2{C_{123}}$

,

C
111

/
2

+

3

C
112

+

C
123

${C_{111}}/2+3{C_{112}}+{C_{123}}$

,

C
144

−

C
155

${C_{144}}-{C_{155}}$

, and C
456 of the MgO single crystal are obtained successfully. Meanwhile, the reliability of this method is also verified by comparing the calculated structural properties and high-pressure second-order elastic constants of the MgO single crystal with the available experimental results and other theoretical predications. Results not only indicate the accuracy of our calculations but also reveal the feasibility of the present theoretical method. It is hoped that the present theoretical method and predictions on the high-pressure third-order elastic constants of the MgO single crystal would serve as a valuable guidance or reference for further related investigations.