bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bionic Bra: Using electromaterials to sense and modify breast support to enhance active living
Authors: Steele Julie R , Gho Sheridan A , Campbell Toni E , Richards Christopher J , Beirne Stephen , Spinks Geoffrey M , Wallace Gordon G 
Published: July 2018

Background Although the most supportive sports bras can control breast motion and associated breast pain, they are frequently deemed uncomfortable to wear and, as a result, many women report exercise bra discomfort. Given that exercise bra discomfort is associated with decreased levels of physical activity, there is a pertinent need to develop innovative solutions to address this problem. Objectives This research aimed to evaluate the use of electromaterial sensors and artificial muscle technology to create a bra that was capable of detecting increases in breast motion and then responding with increased breast support to enhance active living. Methods The research involved two phases: (i) evaluating sensors suitable for monitoring and providing feedback on changes in the amplitude and frequency of breast motion, and (ii) evaluating an actuator capable of changing breast support provided by a bra during activity. Results When assessed in isolation, the developed technologies were capable of sensing breast motion and actuating to provide some additional breast support. Conclusions The challenge now lies in integrating both technologies into a functional sports bra prototype, and assessing this prototype in a controlled biomechanical analysis to provide a breast support solution that will enable women to enjoy active living in comfort.
Caregiver Perceptions of Music Therapy for Children Hospitalized for a Blood and Marrow Transplant: An Interpretivist Investigation
Authors: Yates Greta J , Beckmann Nicole B , Voss Megan E , Anderson Maureen R , Silverman Michael J 
Published: July 2018

Background Despite pharmacological and psychosocial support, pediatric blood and marrow transplant (BMT) recipients typically experience heightened levels of somatic and psychological distress while undergoing transplant. Although clinicians have used psychosocial interventions to target distress, there are gaps in the literature concerning music therapy for children recovering from BMT. This is especially the case among younger children and those affected by rare genetic or metabolic disorders. Objective As caregivers are the primary decision makers for minor children, there is a need to understand their preferences and values as this constitutes a component of evidence-informed practice. Therefore, the purpose of this interpretivist investigation was to explore primary caregivers’ perspectives and experiences with music therapy for their children during hospitalization for BMT. Methods The researchers conducted semistructured phone interviews with 15 primary caregivers of children who had received music therapy services while hospitalized for BMT. Member checking was used to ensure accuracy of the transcripts and experiences, while trustworthiness was used to verify themes. Results Fifteen caregivers of 14 pediatric BMT recipients were interviewed by phone. The following four themes emerged: (1) music therapy motivated patients to physically engage their bodies despite symptoms; (2) music therapy elevated patients’ moods; (3) caregivers benefited from seeing their child engaged in music therapy; and (4) caregivers were appreciative for the opportunity and requested additional music therapy services. Conclusions Caregivers perceived music therapy to be a positive and beneficial experience for pediatric patients while hospitalized for BMT. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Clinical Outcomes of Treating Cervical Adjacent Segment Disease by Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Versus Total Disc Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lu Victor M. , Mobbs Ralph J. , Phan Kevin 
Published: July 2018

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objective: To compare clinical outcomes of all available adjacent segment disease (ASD) cohorts being treated by either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or total disc replacement (TDR). Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews. Searches of electronic databases from inception to August 2017 identified 349 articles for screening. Data was extracted and analyzed using meta-analysis of proportions. Results: The search identified 1 double-armed study and 8 single-armed studies from which data of 5 TDR and 5 ACDF cohorts treating ASD were extracted. Between the 2 pooled TDR (n = 103) and ACDF (n = 258) groups, baseline characteristics were predominantly similar. Compared with ACDF, TDR demonstrated superior operation duration (107 vs 188 minutes, P = .011) and range of motion of C2-C7 at final follow-up at least 1 year after surgery (40.2° vs 35.1°, P = .001). Other surgical and performance parameters including estimated blood loss, complications, and Japanese Orthopedic Association score, Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale neck, and Visual Analog Scale upper limb measures were comparable between cohorts. Conclusion: TDR confers similar surgical and postoperative outcomes to the treatment of ASD as ACDF. Both procedures lead to improvement in all performance outcomes. Larger, prospective, randomized studies will validate the findings of this meta-analysis. Longer term studies are required to ascertain the recurrence rates of ASD following either surgical treatment of primary ASD.
The Epidemiology of Ankle Injuries Identified at the National Football League Combine, 2009-2015
Authors: Mulcahey Mary K. , Bernhardson Andrew S. , Murphy Colin P. , Chang Angela , Zajac Tyler , Sanchez George , Sanchez Anthony , Whalen James M. , Price Mark D. , Clanton Thomas O. , Provencher Matthew T. 
Published: July 2018

Background: American football is a leading cause of sports-related injuries, with the knee, ankle, and shoulder most commonly involved. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology, characteristics, and imaging findings of ankle injuries in football players at the National Football League (NFL) Combine and determine the relationship to player position. We hypothesized that there would be a high relative incidence of ankle injuries in these players compared with other sports and that there would be a direct correlation between the incidence of ankle injuries and player position. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective chart review of data collected from NFL Combine participants between 2009 and 2015 was performed. Patient demographics, history, physical examination results, and imaging findings were reviewed. Results: Of 2285 players, 1216 (53.2%) had a history of ankle injuries; of these, 987 (81.2%) had unilateral injuries, while 229 (18.8%) had bilateral injuries (total of 1445 ankles injured). This included 1242 ankle sprains (86.0% of ankle injuries): 417 (33.6% of sprains) high and 930 (74.9%) low. The most common soft tissue injuries were to the anterior talofibular ligament (n = 158, 12.7% of sprains) and syndesmosis (n = 137, 11.0%). Of all players at the NFL Combine with radiographs, 131 (10.9%) had evidence of an ankle fracture, all of which had healed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified 66 players (28.9% of players at the combine who underwent MRI) with articular cartilage injuries: 62 involving the talus and 16 involving the tibia. Furthermore, 85 players (37.3% of players with MRI) with tendon injuries were identified: 26 Achilles, 55 peroneal, 3 flexor hallucis longus, and 19 posterior tibial. A total of 611 players (50.6% of players with radiographs) had signs of arthrosis on radiography. Running backs (61.9%), offensive linemen (60.3%), and tight ends (59.4%) had the highest rates of ankle injuries by position, while kickers/punters (23.3%) and long snappers (37.5%) had the lowest. Conclusion: Prior ankle injuries were present in more than 50% of elite college football players attending the NFL Combine. The rate of these ankle injuries varied by player position: offensive linemen, running backs, and tight ends had the highest overall rates, while special teams players had the lowest. Additional prospective work is needed to determine the impact of prior injuries on future playing career.
Being barefoot. Prevalence at home, in school and during sport: a cross‐sectional survey of 714 New Zealand secondary school boys
Authors: Francis Peter , Schofield Grant , Mackay Lisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt may be assumed that a combination of culture, climate and economic resource are the major reasons that non‐industrialised countries have a higher prevalence of barefoot activity. New Zealand is an industrialised country with comparable resources to that of many European countries; however, it seems to remain socially acceptable to carry out barefoot activities. A chance observation of students competing barefoot on a tartan track, prompted us to determine the prevalence of barefoot activity in an all‐boys secondary school in Auckland New Zealand.MethodAn 11‐question survey was administered at an Auckland boys secondary school, of high socioeconomic status, to determine the footwear habits of students (n = 714) during: a) daily life b) school life (c) physical education class and (d) sport. To classify students as habitually barefoot or shod, students were asked to select whether they were barefoot most of the time (2‐points), half of the time (1‐point) or none of the time (0‐points) in three settings: around the house, during sport and during school. A score of ≥3 was required to be considered habitually barefoot. Participants were also asked to specify, when running at their most recent athletics event (100 m – 3000 m) on a track, whether they ran barefoot, in shoes, in spikes or another type of footwear. Finally, participants were asked to indicate if leg pain had interrupted running during the previous 12‐months. Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS.Results45% (95% CI: 41.5–49.5%) of the participants in our sample were classified as habitually barefoot. More than half of the sample reported being barefoot most of the time at home (n = 404, 56.6%) and during PE class (n = 420, 58.8%). Over 50% of the sample reported being barefoot half of the time or more during sport (n = 380, 53.2%). A smaller amount went to the supermarket (n = 140, 19.6%) or took the bus (n = 59, 8.3%) whilst barefoot around half of the time or more. The percentage of barefoot competitors declined with increasing distance: 100 m (46.5%), 200 m (41.8%), 400 m (38%), 800 m (31%), 1500 m (31%) and 3000 m (20%). The prevalence of leg pain interfering with running was 23.5%. There was no difference in the prevalence of leg pain between those classified as habitually barefoot and shod (Χ2(1, N = 603) = 0.005, p = 0.946).ConclusionThe results of this survey demonstrate that over 50% of students at an all‐boys secondary school in Auckland, of high socioeconomic status, are barefoot at home, during physical education and sport half of the time or more. These results may point towards a cultural difference between New Zealand and other modern industrialised countries.
Classification of gallstones using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and photography
Authors: Ha Byeong Jo , Park Sangsoo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Gallstones have conventionally been classified by gross inspection into 4 categories: cholesterol gallstones, black pigment (calcium bilirubinate) gallstones, brown gallstones, and mixed gallstones that contain both cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate. Classification using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy supplements gross inspection; however, the issue of ambiguity in gallstone classification has not been fully addressed to date.

Methods
Twenty-six gallstones obtained after surgical gallbladder removal were examined using FT-IR spectroscopy and digital photography, and classified into 6 gallstone groups according to characteristic FT-IR absorption bands.

Results

FT-IR spectra of nine gallstones matched well with that of pure cholesterol, and the gallstones were thus classified as cholesterol stones. Twelve gallstones were classified as calcium bilirubinate stones as they showed characteristic absorption bands of calcium bilirubinate. However, the FT-IR spectra of these gallstones always showed a broad absorption band of bound water at 3600–2400 cm
− 1
. The other five gallstones were classified as mixed stones with combinations of cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate.

Conclusion
FT-IR spectroscopy is a powerful and convenient method for gallstone classification. Nevertheless, one should take serious note of the superposition of FT-IR absorption bands of different chemical components of gallstones including that of bound water.
A República Lusitana das Letras: um retrato das redes de comunicação dos jornais emigrados no início do século XIX
Authors: Munaro Luis Francisco 
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as formas de idealização e construção da República das Letras entre os portugueses quando da sua dispersão a partir de 1808 e da tentativa de manter circuitos regulares de correspondência. Em outras palavras, através da publicação de grande número de jornais. Estes impressos têm lugar, sobretudo, em Londres, que sediou, entre 1808 e 1822, pelo menos oito jornais lusófonos a partir da iniciativa pioneira de Hipólito da Costa; e Paris, que sediou pelo menos três entre 1815 e 1822, sobretudo em torno do intelecto de Solano Constâncio. A partir dessa rede de intercâmbio de ideias que começava a se expandir e adquirir um caráter cosmopolita, é possível indagar também sobre alguns dos diálogos mais amplos estabelecidos com publicações em língua inglesa e espanhola, de forma a permitir um vislumbre da dimensão dessas redes de comunicação cujas portas eram abertas pelo jornalismo.
Circulating Adipocyte Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Concentrations Predict Multiple Mortality Outcomes among Men and Women with Diabetes
Authors: Lee Chi Ho , Cheung Chloe Y Y , Woo Yu Cho , Lui David T W , Yuen Michele M A , Fong Carol H Y , Chow Wing Sun , Xu Aimin , Lam Karen S L 
Published: July 2018

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRaised circulating adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein (AFABP) concentrations are associated with various adverse health conditions. However, their relationship with mortality remains to be defined, especially in view of the sexual dimorphism of circulating AFABP concentrations. Here we investigated prospectively whether serum AFABP concentrations predict multiple mortality outcomes in men and women alike, using a large clinic-based cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes, a condition with raised AFABP concentrations.METHODSBaseline serum AFABP concentrations were measured in 5305 research participants with a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich immunoassay. The role of circulating AFABP concentrations in predicting mortality outcomes was evaluated by multivariable Cox regression analysis.RESULTSAmong the 5305 participants (59% men) in this study, over a median follow-up of 5 years, there were 512 deaths (19.3 deaths per 1000 person-years). Circulating AFABP concentrations, with higher levels in women at baseline, predicted all-cause mortality (P &lt; 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.037), and infection-related deaths (P &lt; 0.002) among all participants. In sex-specific analyses, circulating AFABP concentration was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in both men and women and a predictor of cancer-related deaths and infection-related deaths in men only. Furthermore, the addition of serum AFABP concentrations improved the time-dependent c statistics in predicting all-cause mortality in participants with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.008).CONCLUSIONSCirculating AFABP concentration was an independent predictor of various mortality outcomes in type 2 diabetes over and above known risk factors of reduced survival in men and women. The role of AFABP as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target warrants further investigation.
An open-label prospective clinical study of the efficacy and tolerability of brand-name and generic levetiracetam in the monotherapy of focal epilepsy in adults
Authors: Karlov V. A. , Vlasov P. N. , Zhidkova I. A. 
Published: July 2018

Objective: to comparatively evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of monotherapy with levetiracetam (LEV), a brand-name drug (bLEV; Keppra, UCB Pharma, Belgium) and its generic (gLEV; Epiterra, TEVA, Israel) in adolescent (over 16 years of age) and adult patients with focal epilepsy (FE) during a one-year follow-up period.Patients and methods.The patients were divided into two groups: 1) bLEV (n = 143) and 2) gLEV (n = 63). Group 2 received monotherapy with gLEV at baseline, or was switched to it from another drug within the international nonproprietary name, or to LEV from monotherapy with another antiepileptic drug (AED) due to inefficiency and/or poor tolerability. The median doses of bLEV and gLEV were 1000 and 1500 mg/day, respectively.Results and discussion.The results of the clinical trial suggest that LEV shows high efficacy and excellent tolerance in FE therapy. The clinical efficacy of bLEV and gLEV at 12-month follow-up was high and amounted to 82.5% for the two dosage forms. The frequency of adverse events was 17.5% for both bLEV and gLEV. The median dose of LEV was 1000 mg/day for Group 1 and 1500 mg/day for Group 2. Higher LEV doses in Group 2 patients were probably due to their longer disease duration. All patients taking LEV had an excellent or good quality of life and, when switched from other AEDs, showed even an improvement. The comparability of clinical results suggests that there may be bLEV to gLEV and gLEV to bLEV switches, especially during forced drug supply disruptions; however, this substitution should be done only after mandatorily discussing this matter with the patient and telling him about all possible consequences of this substitution.
Gender differences in sexuality Ego-functioning in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Sosnina V. G. , Saraykin D. M. , Lipatova L. V. 
Published: July 2018

Objective: to study the gender features of sexuality as one of the structural central ego functions in patients with epilepsy.Patients and methods. The investigation was conducted on a sample of 102 people, by using the Ego Structure Test described by G. Ammon (Ich-Struktur-Test nach Ammon (ISTA), 1997).Results and discussion. This study showed that female patients with epilepsy had a more severity of destructive and deficient components of ego functions, such as aggression, fear, outer and inner ego demarcation, narcissism; sexual deficit as compared to normative data. The same was often noted at a statistically significant level in comparison with other study groups.Conclusion. The impairment of all core functions in female patients with epilepsy leads to the impossible realization of mature sexuality.
Current approaches to magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of epileptogenic and associated lesions of the brain
Authors: Perepelova E. M. , Perepelov V. A. , Merkulova M. S. , Sinitsyn V. E. 
Published: July 2018

With the development of current neuroimaging techniques, their role in diagnosing epilepsy is becoming more significant and that is not only in identifying the disease that plays a key role in epileptogenesis, but also in assisting a clinician in the subsequent formulation of the diagnosis, in correcting drug therapy, and, in some cases, in addressing the issue of surgical treatment in the patient. The priority technique in this case is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that has high sensitivity and specificity in defining the location of minor and more major lesions of the brain structure and that includes a set of current sequences that can obtain important diagnostic information about the functional state of the brain. This article highlights the International League Against Epilepsy guidelines for MRI in patients with suspected epilepsy, assesses the use of and briefly characterizes both structural and functional pulse sequences that are most commonly included in the epileptological protocol. It considers major pathological processes and evaluates anatomical and functional changes in the brain structure, which play an important role in epileptogenesis.
Generic substitutions of antiepileptic drugs: Is it possible to put an end to the discussion?
Authors: Ushkalova E. A. , Zyryanov S. K. , Zatolochina K. E. 
Published: July 2018

A policy on generic substitutions, which is aimed at reducing the cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, was proposed by the WHO at the end of the 20th century; however, but the debate about their economic benefits has continued until now. There have been the most active discussions of whether an epileptic patient may be switched from brand-name to generic antiepileptic drugs. The paper gives data obtained in Russian and foreign studies of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of anticonvulsant generics versus their brand- name drugs, as well as the impact of generic substitutions on the cost-effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the quality of generic medicines, their dosage forms, and regulatory requirements for registration of generics. The problem of generic instability is under discussion.
Sociocultural aspects and different types of stigmatization in epilepsy
Authors: Parfenova E. V. , Rider F. K. , Gersamia A. G. 
Published: July 2018

This literature review deals with knowledge and beliefs about epilepsy and with the attitude of patients, relatives, and society as a whole towards epilepsy. It discusses the stigma that is associated with the disease and has a strong impact on patients with epilepsy and their families. The problems of stigma or related concepts in different countries are analyzed.