bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Chronic Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Injury and Determination of Hepatic Apoptosis in Rats
Authors: Atasever Ayhan , Alpay Ahmet , Ekebas Gorkem , Gram Duygu Yaman 
Published: June 2019

Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of grape seed oil (GSO) on liver lesions induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. The effects on hepatic injury were investigated by measuring serum levels of ALT, triglyceride, total protein, total cholesterol and liver levels of MDA. Furthermore, caspase -3, -8 and -9 activities in cellular apoptosis were determined.
Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, between November 2017 and September 2018.
Methodology: In this study 40 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups including 10 animals in each. Control group administered with 0.9% NaCl. The second group was administered with 4 mL/kg GSO for twelve weeks. Third group were given CCl4 (0.2 mL/kg) twice for 8-weeks. Fourth group was administered with 4 mL/kg GSO, for 12 weeks and also given CCl4 (0.2 mL/kg) twice for 8 weeks, starting from the 5th week.
Results: Histopathological examination of CCl4 group showed intense macro and micro vesicular steatosis in hepatocytes, necrosis, and lymphocytes rich mononuclear cell infiltration in portal area and mild portal fibrosis in the parenchyma. The grape seed oil applications have partially normalized the altered histological changes and the activity of caspase -3, -8 and -9. Administration of GSO led to a decline in the activities of ALT and MDA levels while this treatment elevated serum triglycerides levels which are not significantly important.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the antioxidant properties of GSO have not ameliorative effect in either the histopathological lesions or biochemical parameters against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Also, it has been concluded that duration‐dependent further research results are needed to determine the effects of grape seed oil in high doses which can give the best results without side effects.
Capture Efficiency of Some Artisanal Fishing Gears Employed At Upper Benue River Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Bonjoru R. , Abubakar K. A. , Bonjoru F. H. , Ndeham V. R. , Amadu S. O. 
Published: June 2019

This study was carried out to compare the capture efficiency of some artisanal fishing gears employed at Upper Benue Basin, Nigeria. The study was carried out for a 6 months period running from July to December 2017. Sampling was by Direct observation of the Fish at the landing sites and the gears used by the fishermen. Coefficient of Variation is used for the assessment of variability in the Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) by gear types. Other data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A total of 5 different gear types were identified to include: Gill net – Taru; Malian trap – Gura/Malia; Lift net – Akauji; Cast net – Birgi; Longline – Rincha. The result further indicated that Coefficient of Variations (C.V) differ with the gear used. The study therefore recommends that further investigation on the efficiency of the nets over a longer period (for at least 2 seasons) should be carried out; government should take immediate action through public awareness and education to regulate fishing activities such that adequate numbers of fishermen should be licensed to fish in a particular water body, together with their gear and craft nets; and a minimum of 3” mesh size has been recommended for all inland net fishing. This is to protect the spawning stock of commercially valued species.
Efficacy of the Peganum Harmala Oil Versus 1% Permethrin Shampoo on the Treatment of Head Louse Infestation
Authors: Maarefvand Mina , Kenari Hoorieh Mohammadi , Ghobadi Ali , Soleymani Alireza , Hashem-Dabaghian Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Head louse infestation is one of the major public health problems among children worldwide. Several drugs have been developed to treat the infestation. Side effects and drug resistance associated with these drugs limit their applicability. Increasing attention of scientific committees to alternative drugs along with greater effects and lower complications and costs, increase the hope of success for alternative drugs.
Materials and Methods: 93 participants (11 men and 82 women) with positively diagnosed with head lice infestation were allocated into two groups using the stratified randomization method. The intervention in one group comprised of Peganum harmala oil applied onto the patient’s hair and scalp and the hair and scalp being washed after 20 minutes once a day. The procedure was performed on the first three days of week one of intervention (phase 1) and reiterated on the subsequent week (phase 2) in a similar manner. The other group applied permethrin shampoo once in the first week of intervention and once in the second week.
Results: Permethrin shampoo recovered 7 (29.2%) in day 1, 2 (15.4%) in day 2, 2 (25.0%) in day 3 and 28 (73.7%) in day 11 but Peganum harmala oil recovered 17 (70.8%) in day 1, 11 (84.6%) in day 2, 6 (75.0%) in day 3 and 10 (26.3%) in day 11 (P-value <0.005).
Conclusion: The clearing effects and side effects of Peganum harmala oil and permethrin shampoo are approximately similar in the two-phase application although the oil’s clearing and protective effect is greater than that of the shampoo with its effect occurring earlier than that of the shampoo.
Bioremediation
Authors: Prince Roger C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Bioremediation is the process of thoughtfully exploiting biological processes to minimize an unwanted environmental impact; usually the aim is the removal of a contaminant from the biosphere. Like most definitions in biology, that of bioremediation is the subject of some debate. A narrow definition might focus on the conversion of contaminating organic molecules to CO
2
, water, and inorganic ions, and the oxidation or reduction of contaminating inorganic ions such as nitrate or ammonia to harmless forms, in this case nitrogen gas. A broader definition would include biological processes for ameliorating extremes of pH, concentrating contaminants so that they can be more easily removed by physical techniques, converting toxic species to less toxic or less bioavailable forms that pose less of a threat to the environment, and restoring functional ecosystems to contaminated or disturbed sites when the contaminants or disturbance cannot be removed.
Urea
Authors: Brouwer Mark 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Urea was discovered in urine by Rouelle in 1773 and first synthesized from ammonia and cyanic acid by Wöhler in 1828. Commercially, urea is produced by the direct dehydration of ammonium carbamate at elevated temperature and pressure. Ammonium carbamate is obtained by direct reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide. Most urea plants are licensed by Saipem, Stamicarbon, or Toyo Engineering Corporation. Their processes are discussed in detail. Urea's biggest use is as a fertilizer. Further, it is also used in animal feeds, in the manufacture of resins, and in reducing NO

x

emissions by catalytic reduction. Urea is classified as a nontoxic compound.
S
porichthyales
Authors: Trujillo Martha E. , Normand Philippe 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Spor.ich.thy.a'les
. (N.L. fem. n.
Sporichthya
, type genus of the order; ‐
ales
, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Sporichthyales
, the
Sporichthya
order).

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Sporichthyales

Soil‐inhabiting actinobacteria with a unique morphology. Short aerial mycelium forms rod‐shaped to coccoid spores that may develop polar flagella in liquid media. Aerial hyphae form upright on the surface of the medium by holdfasts, which are outgrowths of the wall of the basal cell. Substrate mycelium is not formed. Gram‐stain‐variable, with young cells staining Gram‐negative and older cells showing a Gram‐positive reaction. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Mesophilic with a growth range between 10 and 42°C. Chemoorganotrophic. Cell walls contain large amounts of LL‐diaminopimelic acid. Iso‐branched, unsaturated, and saturated are common components of fatty acid profiles. The order
Sporichthyales
was recently created to accommodate the family
Sporichthyaceae
previously assigned to the order
Frankiales
. It is phylogenetically related to the orders
Frankiales
and
Acidothermales
.

Type genus
:
Sporichthya
Lechevalier, Lechevalier and Holbert 1968, 279
AL
.
Compound heterozygosity for a frameshift mutation and an upstream deletion that reduces expression of SERPINH1 in siblings with a moderate form of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Schwarze Ulrike , Cundy Tim , Liu Yajuan J. , Hofman Paul L. , Byers Peter H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSERPINH1 encodes the collagen chaperone HSP47 that binds to arginine‐rich sequences in the type I procollagen trimers and provides the final steps in the folding and stabilization of the triple helical domain. Loss of both alleles in mice results in very early embryonic lethality. SERPINH1 mutations have been associated with one of the rarest forms of recessively inherited osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with a moderate to severe phenotype. We identified a family with non‐consanguineous unaffected parents who had two children with moderate short stature, low bone density, and fractures. Both children were compound heterozygotes for two mutations: a frameshift in the last exon that deleted the RER retention signal, and a 5,274 bp deletion 2.37 kb upstream from the transcription start site. The maternally‐inherited frameshift allele was expressed at normal levels, but the protein was unstable. The mRNA encoded by the second allele represented about 50% of that from the frameshift‐containing allele. The upstream deletion was inherited from the father, and the mRNA encoded by that allele in his cultured dermal fibroblasts was also expressed at a low level, which confirmed that this domain had a regulatory function for SERPINH1. Regulatory mutations are uncommon causes of human genetic disorders, and the ability to measure expression levels in appropriate cells is key to their identification.
Effect of natural toxins and adipokinetic hormones on the activity of digestive enzymes in the midgut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana
Authors: Karbusová Nikola , Gautam Umesh K. , Kodrík Dalibor 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examined the effect of two natural toxins (a venom from the parasitic wasp Habrobracon hebetor and destruxin A from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae), and one pathogen (the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea) on the activity of basic digestive enzymes in the midgut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Simultaneously, the role of adipokinetic hormones (AKH) in the digestive processes was evaluated. The results showed that all tested toxins/pathogens elicited stress responses when applied into the cockroach body, as documented by an increase of AKH level in the central nervous system. The venom from H. hebetor showed no effect on digestive enzyme activities in the ceca and midgut in vitro. In addition, infection by I. fumosorosea caused a decrease in activity of all enzymes in the midgut and a variable decrease in activity in the ceca; application of AKHs did not reverse the inhibition. Destruxin A inhibited the activity of all enzymes in the midgut but none in the ceca in vitro; application of AKHs did reverse this inhibition, and no differences between both cockroach AKHs were found. Overall, the results demonstrated the variable effect of the tested toxins/pathogens on the digestive processes of cockroaches as well as the variable ability of AKH to counteract these effects.
Detection of intraseasonal oscillations in the Bay of Bengal using altimetry
Authors: Trott Corinne B. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAir–sea and mixed layer dynamics in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) respond strongly to Intraseasonal Oscillations (ISOs) that primarily operate on three observed time scales: the 30–90 day Madden‐Julian Oscillation, the 10–20 day quasi‐biweekly oscillation, and the synoptic‐scale 3–7 day oscillation of the monsoon trough. In this research, we focus on local and basin‐wide signals, zonal and meridional propagation, and variability of ISOs with respect to the strength of the summer monsoon season over a multi‐decadal period (1993–2016). For the first time, this study examines the relationship between larger‐ and shorter‐period ISOs in SLA and shows the usefulness of altimetry data in Indian monsoon studies. We compare ISOs in SLA during years with summer monsoons of varying strengths, finding notably stronger circulation and larger amplitude of all ISOs in years with stronger summer monsoons theorized in part to be due to the first‐baroclinic mode forcing from low‐level winds (R2 values of 0.61, 0.67, and 0.64 in the northern, central, and southern Bay, respectively), although it is important to note the influence of other local forcings, such as mesoscale eddies and coastal Kelvin waves. We demonstrate that 30–90 day variability of SLA is initially forced by equatorial processes and strengthened by local processes in the BoB, as higher‐amplitude SLA ISOs were consistently observed in the southern and eastern Bay. Local processes like coastal Kelvin waves were found to strongly influence the 10–20 day quasi‐biweekly signal, as was seen in the high‐amplitude 10–20 day SLA ISOs found in the eastern BoB. The synoptic signal also revealed a zonal pattern consistent with coastal Kelvin wave intensification and eddy generation.
Collecting and utilising crowdsourced data for numerical weather prediction: Propositions from the meeting held in Copenhagen, 4–5 December 2018
Authors: Hintz Kasper S. , O'Boyle Katharine , Dance Sarah L. , Al‐Ali Saja , Ansper Ivar , Blaauboer Dick , Clark Matthew , Cress Alexander , Dahoui Mohamed , Darcy Rónán , Hyrkkanen Juhana , Isaksen Lars , Kaas Eigil , Korsholm Ulrik S. , Lavanant Marion , Le Bloa Gwenaelle , Mallet Emilie , McNicholas Callie , Onvlee‐Hooimeijer Jeanette , Sass Bent , Siirand Valeria , Vedel Henrik , Waller Joanne A. , Yang Xiaohua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn December 2018, the Danish Meteorological Institute organised an international meeting on the subject of crowdsourced data in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and weather forecasting. The meeting, spanning 2 days, gathered experts on crowdsourced data from both meteorological institutes and universities from Europe and the United States. Scientific presentations highlighted a vast array of possibilities and progress being made globally. Subjects include data from vehicles, smartphones, and private weather stations. Two groups were created to discuss open questions regarding the collection and use of crowdsourced data from different observing platforms. Common challenges were identified and potential solutions were discussed. While most of the work presented was preliminary, the results shared suggested that crowdsourced observations have the potential to enhance NWP. A common platform for sharing expertise, data, and results would help crowdsourced data realise this potential.
Optogenetic neuronal stimulation promotes axon outgrowth and myelination of motor neurons in a three‐dimensional motor neuron–Schwann cell coculture model on a microfluidic biochip
Authors: Hyung Sujin , Lee Seung‐Ryeol , Kim Yeon Jee , Bang Seokyoung , Tahk Dongha , Park Jong‐Chul , Suh Jun‐Kyo Francis , Jeon Noo Li 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAxonal regeneration and remyelination of peripheral motor neurons (MNs) are critical for restoring neuromuscular motor function after injury or peripheral neuropathy. We examined whether optogenetically mediated light stimulation (OMLS) could enhance the axon outgrowth and myelination of MNs using three‐dimensional motor neuron–Schwann cell (MN–SC) coculture on a microfluidic biochip. The biochip was designed to allow SCs to interact with the axons of MNs, while preventing direct contact between SCs and the cell bodies of MNs. Following coculture with SCs on the microfluidic biochip, MNs were transfected with a light‐sensitive channelrhodopsin gene. Transfected MNs subjected to repeated light stimulation (20 Hz, 1 hr) produced significantly longer axons than nontransfected MNs. OMLS of MNs greatly increased the number of myelin basic protein (MBP)‐expressing SCs, promoting the initiation of myelination of MNs. Ultrastructurally, OMLS of MNs markedly enhanced the thickness of the compact myelin sheath around the MN axons such that the average thickness was closer to that of the theoretical estimates in vivo. Thus, the MN–SC coculture model on a microfluidic biochip augmented by OMLS of MNs is a feasible platform for studying the relationship of neuronal activity with regrowth and remyelination.
Construction of a sensitive pyrogen‐testing cell model by site‐specific knock‐in of multiple genes
Authors: Hu Ruobi , Li Hui , Lei Zhen , Han Qing , Yu Xiuyan , Zhou Na , Zhang Xuehui , Mao Yiqing , Wang Xi , Irwin David M. , Niu Gang , Tan Huanran 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA pyrogen test is crucial for evaluating the safety of drugs and medical equipment, especially those involved in injections. As existing pyrogen tests, including the rabbit pyrogen test, the limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test and the monocyte activation test have limitations, development of new models for pyrogen testing is necessary. Here we develop a sensitive cell model for pyrogen test based on the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) signal pathway. TLR4, MD2, and CD14 play key roles in the LPS‐mediated pyrogen reaction. We established a new TLR4/MD2/CD14‐specific overexpressing knock‐in cell model using the CRISPR/CAS9 technology and homologous recombination to detect LPS. Stimulation of our TLR4/CD14/MD2 knock‐in cell line model with LPS leads to the release of the cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐alpha, with a detection limit of 0.005 EU/ml, which is greatly lower than the lower limit of 0.015 EU/ml detected by the Tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) assay.
iTest: A novel online testing system based on the WeChat platform
Authors: Xu Jia , Wang Junbin , Wang Xiaoxin , Lv Pin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTimely feedback is important for both teachers and students in teaching and learning practice. Teachers rely on feedback from students to gain a better understanding of their learning effects. Students also need feedback to identify gaps in their knowledge. Conducting in‐class tests is considered an effective way to obtain such feedback. However, traditional testing methods are inflexible and inefficient. In this paper, we introduce iTest, a novel online testing system developed on the popular WeChat platform. With the help of iTest, the teacher organizes an in‐class test conveniently, and the students take the test with their smartphones regardless of which operating systems the smartphones use. When the student answers questions in a test, abundant behavior data for the student are collected. According to the analysis of the behavior data and the testing results, the teacher gains a deeper insight into the learning effect for each student. A weighted knowledge graph is also constructed for each student by virtue of the prerequisite relationships among the knowledge points and the behavior data. On the basis of the weighted knowledge graph, iTest recommends personalized exercises in an appropriate order to each student after the test, which helps to improve the learning effect. Teaching practice in five courses verifies that iTest is effective and efficient in promoting teaching and learning. Both teachers and students have high praise for iTest.
Body fat distribution on computed tomography imaging and prostate cancer risk and mortality in the AGES‐Reykjavik study
Authors: Dickerman Barbra A. , Torfadottir Johanna E. , Valdimarsdottir Unnur A. , Giovannucci Edward , Wilson Kathryn M. , Aspelund Thor , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Sigurdardottir Lara G. , Harris Tamara B. , Launer Lenore J. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Markt Sarah C. , Mucci Lorelei A. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe World Cancer Research Fund classifies as “strong evidence” the link between obesity and the risk of advanced prostate cancer. In light of the different hormonal profiles associated with where adipose is stored, this study investigated the role of objectively measured body fat distribution and the risk of clinically relevant prostate cancer.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 1832 men in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility–Reykjavik study. From 2002 to 2006, participants underwent baseline computed tomography imaging of fat deposition, bioelectric impedance analysis, and measurement of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Men were followed through linkage with nationwide cancer registries for the incidence of total (n = 172), high‐grade (Gleason grade ≥8; n = 43), advanced (≥cT3b/N1/M1 at diagnosis or fatal prostate cancer over follow‐up; n = 41), and fatal prostate cancer (n = 31) through 2015. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between adiposity measures and prostate cancer outcomes.ResultsAmong all men, visceral fat (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31 per 1–standard deviation [SD] increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐1.72) and thigh subcutaneous fat (HR, 1.37 per 1‐SD increase; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.88) were associated with risk of advanced and fatal disease, respectively. Among men who were leaner based on BMI, visceral fat was associated with both advanced and fatal disease. BMI and waist circumference were associated with a higher risk of advanced and fatal disease. No adiposity measures were associated with total or high‐grade disease.ConclusionsSpecific fat depots as well as BMI and waist circumference were associated with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer, which may help to elucidate underlying mechanisms and target intervention strategies.
HHFDS: Heterogeneous hybridized fuzzy‐based Dijkstra's multitask scheduling in WSN
Authors: Prakash B. Guru , Chelliah C. Balasubramanian , Ramanujam R. Sukumar 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWireless Sensor Network (WSN) has to diffuse the independent wireless sensor nodes, which can track the physical or environmental status. In previous works, many issues prevailed with multitask scheduling such as interference, high energy consumption, throughput, etc. Moreover, some issues arise while working with heterogeneous WSN. This work deals with these issues in heterogeneous WSN with aid of the multitask scheduling. For this purpose, a Heterogeneous Hybridized Fuzzy‐based (depends on degree of truth) Dijkstra's organizing algorithm (HHFDS) was proposed. This technique integrates light weight characteristics as well as a queuing‐based analysis methods, hence identifying the greatest parallel arrangements for which the provided data packet effectively. In this technique, fuzzy Dijkstra's algorithm is hybridized with deep neural network. This also depicts in what way to utilize the identifications outcome with varying data packets and thereby helps with various heterogeneous organizing objectives. The proposed HHFDS algorithm is implemented via the use of the network simulator (NS2). The results of the proposed and existing methods are measured in terms of the metrics like Energy Consumption, Time Consumption, Transmission Delay, and Average Throughput. The simulation results are depicted as follows and the comparison result shown as follows demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.