bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Data Quality in Face-to-Face Survey Research
Authors: Logan Carolyn , Parás Pablo , Robbins Michael , Zechmeister Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTData quality in survey research remains a paramount concern for those studying mass political behavior. Because surveys are conducted in increasingly diverse contexts around the world, ensuring that best practices are followed becomes ever more important to the field of political science. Bringing together insights from surveys conducted in more than 80 countries worldwide, this article highlights common challenges faced in survey research and outlines steps that researchers can take to improve the quality of survey data. Importantly, the article demonstrates that with the investment of the necessary time and resources, it is possible to carry out high-quality survey research even in challenging environments in which survey research is not well established.
An objective method of shape descriptor state establishment using elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA)
Authors: Gentallan Renerio P. , Altoveros Nestor C. , Borromeo Teresita H. , Endonela Leah E. , Hay Fiona R. , Lalusin Antonio G. , Reaño Consorcia E. , Yoshioka Yosuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research attempts to systematically establish shape descriptor states through elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) using pili (Canarium ovatum Engl.) kernel as a model. Kernel images of 53 pili accessions from the National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory (NPGRL), University of the Philippines Los Baños were acquired using VideometerLab 3. Shape features, such as roundness, compactness and elongation, were extracted from the images. Shapes outlines were characterized using elliptic Fourier coefficients calculated from SHAPE version 1.3 software. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to elucidate clusters representing the shape descriptor states. The first principal component accounts for the variation in length to width ratio; whereas, the second and third principal components explain the variation in the location of the widest portion and the truncation of the apex and base of the kernel, respectively. Cluster analysis separated the different accessions into six distinct clusters at 0.04 Euclidian distance. Six descriptor states, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, widely elliptic, ovate, obovate and lance-ovate, were characterized from the shape outlines and visualized through R's shape on r package. The discrimination between clusters was validated through MANOVA and LDA with 95% correct classification. The Fourier coefficients were also able to represent the variation observed from the physical properties of shape. The method may be used in establishing shape descriptors of all plant parts of all crop species.
Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities
Authors: Shen Yijie , Wang Xuejiao , Xie Zhenwei , Min Changjun , Fu Xing , Liu Qiang , Gong Mali , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been widely studied, inspired by the hydrodynamics sharing similar mathematics. Akin to a fluid vortex with a central flow singularity, an optical vortex beam has a phase singularity with a certain topological charge, giving rise to a hollow intensity distribution. Such a beam with helical phase fronts and orbital angular momentum reveals a subtle connection between macroscopic physical optics and microscopic quantum optics. These amazing properties provide a new understanding of a wide range of optical and physical phenomena, including twisting photons, spin–orbital interactions, Bose–Einstein condensates, etc., while the associated technologies for manipulating optical vortices have become increasingly tunable and flexible. Hitherto, owing to these salient properties and optical manipulation technologies, tunable vortex beams have engendered tremendous advanced applications such as optical tweezers, high-order quantum entanglement, and nonlinear optics. This article reviews the recent progress in tunable vortex technologies along with their advanced applications.
Autophagy in bone homeostasis and the onset of osteoporosis
Authors: Yin Xing , Zhou Chenchen , Li Jingtao , Liu Renkai , Shi Bing , Yuan Quan , Zou Shujuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process, in which domestic cellular components are selectively digested for the recycling of nutrients and energy. This process is indispensable for cell homeostasis maintenance and stress responses. Both genetic and functional studies have demonstrated that multiple proteins involved in autophagic activities are critical to the survival, differentiation, and functioning of bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Dysregulation at the level of autophagic activity consequently disturbs the balance between bone formation and bone resorption and mediates the onset and progression of multiple bone diseases, including osteoporosis. This review aims to introduce the topic of autophagy, summarize the understanding of its relevance in bone physiology, and discuss its role in the onset of osteoporosis and therapeutic potential.
Phylogeography of the second plague pandemic revealed through analysis of historical Yersinia pestis genomes
Authors: Spyrou Maria A. , Keller Marcel , Tukhbatova Rezeda I. , Scheib Christiana L. , Nelson Elizabeth A. , Andrades Valtueña Aida , Neumann Gunnar U. , Walker Don , Alterauge Amelie , Carty Niamh , Cessford Craig , Fetz Hermann , Gourvennec Michaël , Hartle Robert , Henderson Michael , von Heyking Kristin , Inskip Sarah A. , Kacki Sacha , Key Felix M. , Knox Elizabeth L. , Later Christian , Maheshwari-Aplin Prishita , Peters Joris , Robb John E. , Schreiber Jürgen , Kivisild Toomas , Castex Dominique , Lösch Sandra , Harbeck Michaela , Herbig Alexander , Bos Kirsten I. , Krause Johannes 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe second plague pandemic, caused byYersinia pestis, devastated Europe and the nearby regions between the 14thand 18thcenturies AD. Here we analyse human remains from ten European archaeological sites spanning this period and reconstruct 34 ancientY. pestisgenomes. Our data support an initial entry of the bacterium through eastern Europe, the absence of genetic diversity during the Black Death, and low within-outbreak diversity thereafter. Analysis of post-Black Death genomes shows the diversification of aY. pestislineage into multiple genetically distinct clades that may have given rise to more than one disease reservoir in, or close to, Europe. In addition, we show the loss of a genomic region that includes virulence-related genes in strains associated with late stages of the pandemic. The deletion was also identified in genomes connected with the first plague pandemic (541–750 AD), suggesting a comparable evolutionary trajectory ofY. pestisduring both events.
Australian vegetated coastal ecosystems as global hotspots for climate change mitigation
Authors: Serrano Oscar , Lovelock Catherine E. , B. Atwood Trisha , Macreadie Peter I. , Canto Robert , Phinn Stuart , Arias-Ortiz Ariane , Bai Le , Baldock Jeff , Bedulli Camila , Carnell Paul , Connolly Rod M. , Donaldson Paul , Esteban Alba , Ewers Lewis Carolyn J. , Eyre Bradley D. , Hayes Matthew A. , Horwitz Pierre , Hutley Lindsay B. , Kavazos Christopher R. J. , Kelleway Jeffrey J. , Kendrick Gary A. , Kilminster Kieryn , Lafratta Anna , Lee Shing , Lavery Paul S. , Maher Damien T. , Marbà Núria , Masque Pere , Mateo Miguel A. , Mount Richard , Ralph Peter J. , Roelfsema Chris , Rozaimi Mohammad , Ruhon Radhiyah , Salinas Cristian , Samper-Villarreal Jimena , Sanderman Jonathan , J. Sanders Christian , Santos Isaac , Sharples Chris , Steven Andrew D. L. , Cannard Toni , Trevathan-Tackett Stacey M. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolicies aiming to preserve vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCE; tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrasses) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions require national assessments of blue carbon resources. Here, we present organic carbon (C) storage in VCE across Australian climate regions and estimate potential annual CO2 emission benefits of VCE conservation and restoration. Australia contributes 5–11% of the C stored in VCE globally (70–185 Tg C in aboveground biomass, and 1,055–1,540 Tg C in the upper 1 m of soils). Potential CO2 emissions from current VCE losses are estimated at 2.1–3.1 Tg CO2-e yr-1, increasing annual CO2 emissions from land use change in Australia by 12–21%. This assessment, the most comprehensive for any nation to-date, demonstrates the potential of conservation and restoration of VCE to underpin national policy development for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Bottom-up growth of homogeneous Moiré superlattices in bismuth oxychloride spiral nanosheets
Authors: Liu Lulu , Sun Yuanhui , Cui Xiaoqiang , Qi Kun , He Xin , Bao Qiaoliang , Ma Weiliang , Lu Jiong , Fang Hanyan , Zhang Peng , Zheng Lirong , Yu Liping , Singh David J. , Xiong Qihua , Zhang Lijun , Zheng Weitao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMoiré superlattices (MSLs) are modulated structures produced from homogeneous or heterogeneous 2D layers stacked with a twist angle and/or lattice mismatch. Expanding the range of available materials, methods for fabricating MSL, and realization of unique emergent properties are key challenges. Here we report a facile bottom-up synthesis of homogeneous MSL based on a wide-gap 2D semiconductor, BiOCl, using a one-pot solvothermal approach with robust reproducibility. Unlike previous MSLs usually prepared by directly stacking two monolayers, our BiOCl MSLs are realized in a scalable, direct way through chemical growth of spiral-type nanosheets driven by screw-dislocations. We find emergent properties including large band gap reduction (∼0.6 eV), two-fold increase in carrier lifetime, and strongly enhanced photocatalytic activity. First-principles calculations reveal that such unusual properties can be ascribed to the locally enhanced inter-layer coupling associated with the Moiré potential modulation. Our results demonstrate the promise of MSL materials for chemical and physical functions.
Hydrogen-bonded frameworks for molecular structure determination
Authors: Li Yuantao , Tang Sishuang , Yusov Anna , Rose James , Borrfors André Nyberg , Hu Chunhua T. , Ward Michael D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSingle crystal X-ray diffraction is arguably the most definitive method for molecular structure determination, but the inability to grow suitable single crystals can frustrate conventional X-ray diffraction analysis. We report herein an approach to molecular structure determination that relies on a versatile toolkit of guanidinium organosulfonate hydrogen-bonded host frameworks that form crystalline inclusion compounds with target molecules in a single-step crystallization, complementing the crystalline sponge method that relies on diffusion of the target into the cages of a metal-organic framework. The peculiar properties of the host frameworks enable rapid stoichiometric inclusion of a wide range of target molecules with full occupancy, typically without disorder and accompanying solvent, affording well-refined structures. Moreover, anomalous scattering by the framework sulfur atoms enables reliable assignment of absolute configuration of stereogenic centers. An ever-expanding library of organosulfonates provides a toolkit of frameworks for capturing specific target molecules for their structure determination.
Systematic identification of metabolites controlling gene expression in E. coli
Authors: Lempp Martin , Farke Niklas , Kuntz Michelle , Freibert Sven Andreas , Lill Roland , Link Hannes 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetabolism controls gene expression through allosteric interactions between metabolites and transcription factors. These interactions are usually measured with in vitro assays, but there are no methods to identify them at a genome-scale in vivo. Here we show that dynamic transcriptome and metabolome data identify metabolites that control transcription factors in E. coli. By switching an E. coli culture between starvation and growth, we induce strong metabolite concentration changes and gene expression changes. Using Network Component Analysis we calculate the activities of 209 transcriptional regulators and correlate them with metabolites. This approach captures, for instance, the in vivo kinetics of CRP regulation by cyclic-AMP. By testing correlations between all pairs of transcription factors and metabolites, we predict putative effectors of 71 transcription factors, and validate five interactions in vitro. These results show that combining transcriptomics and metabolomics generates hypotheses about metabolism-transcription interactions that drive transitions between physiological states.
Intrinsic magnetic topological insulator phases in the Sb doped MnBi2Te4 bulks and thin flakes
Authors: Chen Bo , Fei Fucong , Zhang Dongqin , Zhang Bo , Liu Wanling , Zhang Shuai , Wang Pengdong , Wei Boyuan , Zhang Yong , Zuo Zewen , Guo Jingwen , Liu Qianqian , Wang Zilu , Wu Xuchuan , Zong Junyu , Xie Xuedong , Chen Wang , Sun Zhe , Wang Shancai , Zhang Yi , Zhang Minhao , Wang Xuefeng , Song Fengqi , Zhang Haijun , Shen Dawei , Wang Baigeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMagnetic topological insulators (MTIs) offer a combination of topologically nontrivial characteristics and magnetic order and show promise in terms of potentially interesting physical phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect and topological axion insulating states. However, the understanding of their properties and potential applications have been limited due to a lack of suitable candidates for MTIs. Here, we grow two-dimensional single crystals of Mn(SbxBi(1-x))2Te4 bulk and exfoliate them into thin flakes in order to search for intrinsic MTIs. We perform angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, low-temperature transport measurements, and first-principles calculations to investigate the band structure, transport properties, and magnetism of this family of materials, as well as the evolution of their topological properties. We find that there exists an optimized MTI zone in the Mn(SbxBi(1-x))2Te4 phase diagram, which could possibly host a high-temperature QAH phase, offering a promising avenue for new device applications.
Rate-selected growth of ultrapure semiconducting carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Zhu Zhenxing , Wei Nan , Cheng Weijun , Shen Boyuan , Sun Silei , Gao Jun , Wen Qian , Zhang Rufan , Xu Jun , Wang Yao , Wei Fei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates for smart electronic devices. However, it is challenging to mediate their bandgap or chirality from a vapor-liquid-solid growth process. Here, we demonstrate rate-selected semiconducting CNT arrays based on interlocking between the atomic assembly rate and bandgap of CNTs. Rate analysis confirms the Schulz-Flory distribution which leads to various decay rates as length increases in metallic and semiconducting CNTs. Quantitatively, a nearly ten-fold faster decay rate of metallic CNTs leads to a spontaneous purification of the predicted 99.9999% semiconducting CNTs at a length of 154 mm, and the longest CNT can be 650 mm through an optimized reactor. Transistors fabricated on them deliver a high current of 14 μA μm−1 with on/off ratio around 108 and mobility over 4000 cm2 V−1 s−1. Our rate-selected strategy offers more freedom to control the CNT purity in-situ and offers a robust methodology to synthesize perfectly assembled nanotubes over a long scale.
Non-motor correlates of wrist-worn wearable sensor use in Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory analysis
Authors: van Wamelen Daniel J. , Hota Shweta , Podlewska Aleksandra , Leta Valentina , Trivedi Dhaval , Rizos Alexandra , Parry Miriam , Chaudhuri K. Ray 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWearable sensors are becoming increasingly more available in Parkinson’s disease and are used to measure motor function. Whether non-motor symptoms (NMS) can also be measured with these wearable sensors remains unclear. We therefore performed a retrospective, exploratory, analysis of 108 patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease enroled in the Non-motor Longitudinal International Study (UKCRN No. 10084) at King’s College Hospital, London, to determine the association between the range and nature of NMS and an accelerometer-based outcome measure of bradykinesia (BKS) and dyskinesia (DKS). NMS were assessed by the validated NMS Scale, and included, e.g., cognition, mood and sleep, and gastrointestinal, urinary and sexual problems. Multiple linear regression modelling was used to identify NMS associated with BKS and DKS. We found that BKS was associated with domains 6 (gastrointestinal tract; p = 0.006) and 8 (sexual function; p = 0.003) of the NMS scale. DKS was associated with domains 3 (mood/cognition; p = 0.016), 4 (perceptual problems; p = 0.025), 6 (gastrointestinal tract; p = 0.029) and 9 (miscellaneous, p = 0.003). In the separate domains, constipation was significantly associated with BKS. Delusions, dysphagia, hyposmia, weight change and hyperhidrosis were identified as significantly associated with DKS. None of the NMSS domains were associated with disease duration (p ≥ 0.08). In conclusion, measures of BKS and DKS were mainly associated with gastrointestinal problems, independent of disease duration, showing the potential for wearable devices to pick up on these symptoms. These exploratory results deserve further exploration, and more research on this topic in the form of comprehensive large-scale studies is needed.
Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) induces posttranslational protein modification and reverses paralysis in EAE mice
Authors: Hayrabedyan Soren , Shainer Reut , Yekhtin Zhanna , Weiss Lola , Almogi-Hazan Osnat , Or Reuven , Farnsworth Charles L. , Newsome Scott , Todorova Krassimira , Paidas Michael J. , Brodie Chaya , Barnea Eytan R. , Mueller Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn autoimmune response against myelin protein is considered one of the key pathogenic processes that initiates multiple sclerosis (MS). The currently available MS disease modifying therapies have demonstrated to reduce the frequency of inflammatory attacks. However, they appear limited in preventing disease progression and neurodegeneration. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches targeting both inflammation and neuroregeneration are urgently needed. A new pregnancy derived synthetic peptide, synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF), crosses the blood-brain barrier and prevents neuro-inflammation. We report that sPIF reduces paralysis and de-myelination of the brain in a clinically-relevant experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice model. These effects, at least in part, are due to post-translational modifications, which involve cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA), calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKC), and immune regulation. In terms of potential MS treatment, sPIF was successfully tested in neurodegenerative animal models of perinatal brain injury and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Importantly, sPIF received a FDA Fast Track Approval for first in human trial in autommuninty (completed).
A Rapid ATP Bioluminescence-based Test for Detecting Levofloxacin Resistance Starting from Positive Blood Culture Bottles
Authors: Matsui Atsushi , Niimi Hideki , Uchiho Yuichi , Kawabe Shunsuke , Noda Hideyuki , Kitajima Isao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdministering appropriate antimicrobial therapy as early as possible is important for rescuing bacteremic patients. Therefore, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests in positive blood culture specimens have been diligently sought. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence-based methods have been used for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests. However, blood culture specimens have not been examined in many studies, possibly due to abundant intracellular ATP in blood corpuscles resulting in false-susceptible results. In this study, we developed a rapid ATP bioluminescence-based method for detecting antibiotic resistance starting from positive blood culture. To minimize background ATP originating from blood corpuscles, specimens were centrifuged and the supernatant diluted with broth, and an ATP-eliminating reagent was then added to the bacterial suspension at the beginning of incubation. This newly devised procedure reduced the background ATP by more than five orders of magnitude. In a pilot study using levofloxacin, no false-susceptible results were observed in 15 clinical specimens. Furthermore, the results indicated that the rapid method provided additional information about bacterial activities with high resolution, in contrast to the less-thorough findings with the conventional turbidity method. Therefore, our approach will contribute to the treatment of infectious diseases as a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test.
Fractional Deletion of Compound Kushen Injection Indicates Cytokine Signaling Pathways are Critical for its Perturbation of the Cell Cycle
Authors: Aung T. N. , Nourmohammadi S. , Qu Z. , Harata-Lee Y. , Cui J. , Shen H. Y. , Yool A. J. , Pukala T. , Du Hong , Kortschak R. D. , Wei W. , Adelson D. L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe used computational and experimental biology approaches to identify candidate mechanisms of action of aTraditional Chinese Medicine, Compound Kushen Injection (CKI), in a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Because CKI is a complex mixture of plant secondary metabolites, we used a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and reconstitution approach to define chemical fractions required for CKI to induce apoptosis. The initial fractionation separated major from minor compounds, and it showed that major compounds accounted for little of the activity of CKI. Furthermore, removal of no single major compound altered the effect of CKI on cell viability and apoptosis. However, simultaneous removal of two major compounds identified oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine as critical with respect to CKI activity. Transcriptome analysis was used to correlate compound removal with gene expression and phenotype data. Many compounds in CKI are required to trigger apoptosis but significant modulation of its activity is conferred by a small number of compounds. In conclusion, CKI may be typical of many plant based extracts that contain many compounds in that no single compound is responsible for all of the bioactivity of the mixture and that many compounds interact in a complex fashion to influence a network containing many targets.