bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adequacy of aging techniques in vertebrates for rapid estimation of population mortality rates from age distributions
Authors: Zhao Meijuan , Klaassen Chris A. J. , Lisovski Simeon , Klaassen Marcel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs a key parameter in population dynamics, mortality rates are frequently estimated using mark–recapture data, which requires extensive, long‐term data sets. As a potential rapid alternative, we can measure variables correlated to age, allowing the compilation of population age distributions, from which mortality rates can be derived. However, most studies employing such techniques have ignored their inherent inaccuracy and have thereby failed to provide reliable mortality estimates. In this study, we present a general statistical model linking birth rate, mortality rate, and population age distributions. We next assessed the reliability and data needs (i.e., sample size) for estimating mortality rate of eight different aging techniques. The results revealed that for half of the aging techniques, correlations with age varied considerably, translating into highly variable accuracies when used to estimate mortality rate from age distributions. Telomere length is generally not sufficiently correlated to age to provide reliable mortality rate estimates. DNA methylation, signal‐joint T‐cell recombination excision circle (sjTREC), and racemization are generally more promising techniques to ultimately estimate mortality rate, if a sufficiently high sample size is available. Otolith ring counts, otolithometry, and age‐length keys in fish, and skeletochronology in reptiles, mammals, and amphibians, outperformed all other aging techniques and generated relatively accurate mortality rate estimation with a sample size that can be feasibly obtained. Provided the method chosen is minimizing and estimating the error in age estimation, it is possible to accurately estimate mortality rates from age distributions. The method therewith has the potential to estimate a critical, population dynamic parameter to inform conservation efforts within a limited time frame as opposed to mark–recapture analyses.
Is climate change mitigation compatible with environmental protection? Exploring voter attitudes as expressed through “old” and “new” politics in Norway
Authors: Gullberg Anne Therese , Aardal Bernt 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe international literature on public attitudes finds that attitudes to climate change are closely related to attitudes to environmental protection. We ask whether this conclusion also holds for Norway.Our starting point is the political science literature on “old” versus “new” politics, old politics being defined in socio‐economic left or right terms and new politics being defined in accordance with an authoritarian or libertarian dimension in which environmental protection plays an important role. Based on these two axes, Herbert Kitschelt finds a new axis—a diagonal—combining old and new divides. According to Kitschelt, voters with traditional environmental attitudes have leftist and libertarian values, while voters favouring economic growth have rightist and authoritarian values.Using Norwegian data, we compare voters who favour traditional environmental protection and take climate change seriously with voters who only take climate change seriously. We expect that if climate change is perceived as one of many environmental threats, then the two voter groups are similar.We find that half of the voters see climate change as a big problem. Two thirds of these voters are in favour of environmental protection. However, the last third of these voters who take climate change seriously do not want greater environmental protection. Moreover, we find interesting differences between these groups. Those in the latter group have leftist and libertarian values, whereas climate‐only voters have rightist and authoritarian values. Thus the two groups of voters are dissimilar. Interestingly, this pattern corresponds to alignments along Kitschelt's new diagonal axis for party competition.
Long‐term outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy by left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Kutyifa Valentina , Vermilye Katherine , Solomon Scott D. , McNitt Scott , Moss Arthur J. , Daimee Usama A. 
Published: December 2018

AimsDespite our prior report suggesting heart failure (HF) risk reduction from cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT‐D) in mild HF patients with higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF > 30%), data on mortality benefit in this cohort are lacking. We aimed to assess long‐term mortality benefit from CRT‐D in mild HF patients by LVEF > 30%.Methods and resultsAmong 1274 patients with mild HF and left bundle branch block enrolled in MADIT‐CRT, we analysed long‐term effects of CRT‐D vs. implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy only, and reverse remodelling to CRT‐D (left ventricular end‐systolic volume percent change ≥ median at 1 year), on all‐cause mortality and HF for the LVEF ≤ 30% and LVEF > 30 subgroups using Kaplan–Meier and Cox analyses. During long‐term follow‐up, CRT‐D vs. ICD was associated with reduction in all‐cause mortality in both patients with LVEF > 30% and LVEF ≤ 30% [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.85, P = 0.036 vs. HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.98, P = 0.013, interaction P = 0.261]. The efficacy of CRT‐D vs. ICD only to reduce HF was similar in those with LVEF above and below 30% (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.35–0.61, P < 0.001 vs. HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35–0.61, P < 0.001; interaction P = 0.342). Patients with CRT‐D‐induced reverse remodelling had significant mortality reduction when compared to ICD, with either LVEF > 30% or LVEF ≤ 30% (HR 0.17 and 0.39), but no mortality benefit was seen in patients with less reverse remodelling. HF events, however, were reduced in both CRT‐D‐induced high and low reverse remodelling vs. ICD only, in both LVEF subgroups.ConclusionsIn MADIT‐CRT, left bundle branch block patients with higher LVEF (> 30%) derive long‐term mortality benefit from CRT‐D when exhibiting significant reverse remodelling.Clinical Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT00180271, NCT01294449, and NCT02060110
Predicting transition from acute to chronic low back pain with quantitative sensory tests—A prospective cohort study in the primary care setting
Authors: Müller Monika , Curatolo Michele , Limacher Andreas , Neziri Alban Y , Treichel Fabienne , Battaglia Markus , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Jüni Peter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt would be desirable to identify patients with acute low back pain (ALBP) who are at high risk for transition to chronic pain early in the course of their disease. This would enable early preventive or therapeutic interventions. Patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) display signs of central hypersensitivity. This may contribute to the transition to CLBP. We tested the hypothesis that central hypersensitivity as assessed by quantitative sensory tests predicts transition to CLBP.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study in 130 patients with ALBP recruited in a primary care setting to determine the ability of 14 tests using electrical, pressure and temperature stimulation to predict transition to CLBP after 6 months. We assessed the association of tests with transition to CLBP in multivariable analyses adjusted for socio‐demographic, psychological and clinical characteristics, quantified the performance of tests using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calculated likelihood ratios for different cut‐off values for most promising tests.ResultsNone of the evaluated tests showed a statistically significant or clinically relevant ability to predict the transition to CLBP, with 95% CI of crude and adjusted associations of all tests including one as measure of no association. Corresponding estimates of areas under the ROC curves were below 0.5, and none of the 95% CI crossed the pre‐specified boundary of clinical relevance set at 0.70.ConclusionsWe found no evidence to support a clinically relevant ability of current quantitative sensory tests to predict the transition from acute to CLBP.
Thermodynamic and economic analysis of performance evaluation of all the thermal power plants: A review
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad H. , Alhuyi Nazari Mohammad , Sadeghzadeh Milad , Pourfayaz Fathollah , Ghazvini Mahyar , Ming Tingzhen , Meyer Josua P. , Sharifpur Mohsen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSurging in energy demand makes it necessary to improve performance of plant equipment and optimize operation of thermal power plants. Inasmuch as thermal power plants depend on fossil fuels, their optimization can be challenging due to the environmental issues which must be considered. Nowadays, the vast majority of power plants are designed based on energetic performance obtained from first law of thermodynamic. In some cases, energy balance of a system is not appropriate tool to diagnose malfunctions of the system. Exergy analysis is a powerful method for determining the losses existing in a system. Since exergy analysis can evaluate quality of the energy, it enables designers to make intricate thermodynamic systems operates more efficiently. These days, power plant optimization based on economic criteria is a critical problem because of their complex structure. In this study, a comprehensive analysis including energy, exergy, economic (3‐E) analyses, and their applications related to various thermal power plants are reviewed and scrutinized.
Global distribution of coastal cliffs
Authors: Young Adam P. , Carilli Jessica E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have estimated that coastal cliffs exist on about 80% of the global shoreline, but have not been validated on a global scale. This study uses two approaches to capture information on the worldwide existence and erosion of coastal cliffs: a detailed literature survey and imagery search, and a GIS‐based global mapping analysis. The literature and imagery review show coastal cliffs exist in 93% of the combined recognized independent coastal states and non‐independent coastal regions worldwide (total of 213 geographic units). Additionally, cliff retreat rates have been quantified in at least one location within 33% of independent coastal states and 15% of non‐independent regions. The GIS‐based mapping used the near‐global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 3 arc second digital elevation model and Arctic Coastal Dynamics Database to obtain near‐global backshore coastal elevations at 1 km alongshore intervals comprising about 1,340,000 locations (81% of the world vector shoreline). Backshore coastal elevations were compared with the mapped distribution of European coastal cliffs to produce a model training set, and this relationship was extended globally to map the likelihood of coastal cliff locations. About 21% of the transects (17% of the world vector shoreline) were identified as mangroves and eliminated as potential cliff locations. The results were combined with estimates of cliff percentages for Greenland and Antarctica from the literature, extending the global coverage to estimate cliff occurrence across 89% of the world vector shoreline. The results suggest coastal cliffs likely exist on about 52% of the global shoreline. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Calculation methods of heat produced by a lithium‐ion battery under charging‐discharging condition
Authors: Wang Zhirong , Tong Xuan , Liu Kai , Shu Chi‐Min , Jiang Fengwei , Luo Qingkai , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2018

SummaryLithium‐ion batteries generate considerable amounts of heat under the condition of charging‐discharging cycles. This paper presents quantitative measurements and simulations of heat release. A thermal condition monitoring system was built to obtain the temperature of a lithium‐ion battery under electrical heating conditions. The results have been validated using two independent simulation methods and show that the heat generated by the battery increases with the decrease of the discharge resistance. In addition, although the total amounts of heat release are larger under lower discharge resistance, the rate of heat release is relatively small. Two methods were reported namely analogy method and data‐fitting in order to determine the heat generated by the lithium‐ion battery. The results are crucial findings for risk assessment and management.
Chemo‐mechanical behavior of clay‐rich fault gouges affected by CO2‐brine‐rock interactions
Authors: Bakker Elisenda , Kaszuba John , den Hartog Sabine , Hangx Suzanne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe impact of long‐term CO2‐brine‐rock interactions on the frictional properties of faults is one of the main concerns when ensuring safe geological CO2 storage. Mineralogical changes may alter the frictional strength and seismogenic potential of pre‐existing faults bounding a storage complex. However, most of these reactions are too slow to be reproduced on laboratory timescales and can only be assessed using geochemical modeling. We combined modeling of CO2‐charged formation water and fault gouges (1–1000 years residence time, i.e. 10–106 pore volume flushes) with friction experiments on simulated fault gouges (T = 22–150°C; σneff = 50 MPa; Pf = 25 MPa; V = 0.2‐100 μm/s), having mineralogical compositions as predicted by the models. As an analogue for clay‐rich caprocks overlying potential CO2 storage sites in Europe, we used the Opalinus claystone. Our experiments showed that, although significant mineralogical changes occurred, they did not significantly change the frictional behavior of faults. Instead, initial fault‐gouge mineralogy imposed a stronger control on clay‐rich fault behavior than the extent of CO2‐brine‐rock interactions, even under chemical conditions allowing for significant reaction. We demonstrated that the impact of mineralogical changes due to CO2‐brine‐rock interactions on the frictional behavior and seismogenic potential of faults could be assessed using our combination of geochemical modeling and friction experiments. Note that a complete understanding requires evaluation of additional effects, such as that of shear velocity, effective normal stress, and other fault characteristics (maturity, shear strain). © 2018 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic solvent regeneration of a CO2‐loaded MEA solution using an acidic catalyst from industrial rough metatitanic acid
Authors: Li Lijun , Liu Yingying , Wu Kejing , Liu Changjun , Tang Siyang , Yue Hairong , Lu Houfang , Liang Bin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEthanolamine (MEA) solution is the most commonly used commercial chemical absorbent in conventional CO2 postcombustion processes; however the high heat duty and reaction temperature (e.g. 125°C) for solvent regeneration leads to high energy requirements (approximately 70–80% of the total running cost). This paper reports a catalytic solvent regeneration of a CO2‐loaded MEA solution using industrial calcined rough metatitanic acid (TiO(OH)2) as the catalyst to improve the CO2 desorption rate and reduce the regeneration temperature to 95°C. The catalytic reaction parameters were systematically investigated with an improvement in the CO2 desorption rate of 28.9% in comparison with the non‐catalytic process. The results of characterization, such as the thermogravimetry analysis, X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption‐desorption, pyridine‐infrared spectroscopy (Py‐IR), showed that the Lewis acid of the industrial metatitanic acid played a major role in the decomposition of carbamate and in enhancing the regeneration rate of MEA solvent in a CO2‐rich MEA solution. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do international and product diversification strategies affect human rights and employee orientation disclosures? An across‐country empirical study of large multinational enterprises
Authors: Sambharya Rakesh B. , Goll Irene 
Published: December 2018

Research SummaryThis study examines the relationships between market strategies (international diversification and product diversification) and nonmarket strategies (human rights and employee orientation disclosures) in 335 largest global companies from 31 countries. Hypotheses generated from the Institutional and Stakeholder theoretical perspectives proposed two alternative nonmonotonic relationships (an inverted U‐shape and a U‐shape) between market and nonmarket strategies. Data on company human rights and employee disclosures were collected from the Annual Reports of the MNE's parent company. The results of Generalized Least Square (GLS) regressions generally support both hypothesized nonmonotonic relationships and the results vary by region (Europe, the Anglo‐Saxon cluster, and Asia and emerging markets).Managerial SummaryGlobal companies diversify internationally by entering new countries and at the same time also diversify into more and more products. Global firms also need to take into account the concerns of various stakeholders such as stockholders, employees, governments, suppliers, and nongovernmental organizations. We relate the diversification strategies (international and product) with nonmarket strategies in the form of human rights and employee disclosures made by global firms in their annual reports. We propose two alternative relationships (an inverted U‐shaped pattern and a U‐shape) between both types of market and nonmarket strategies. We find the relationships vary by the three regions of the world: Anglo‐Saxon cluster, Europe, and Asia and emerging markets. We speculate that national business systems and culture may account for these differences.
Secretory carcinoma of the major salivary gland: Provincial population‐based analysis of clinical behavior and outcomes
Authors: Ayre Gareth , Hyrcza Martin , Wu Jonn , Berthelet Eric , Skálová Alena , Thomson Tom 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to identify the number of cases of secretory carcinoma (SC) of the major salivary gland in a population‐based cohort and review its clinical behavior with long‐term follow‐up.MethodsAll malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) diagnosed between 1980 and 2014 were assessed for histological features compatible with SC and 140 were selected for further analysis.ResultsTwenty two new cases of SC were identified, 19 of which were originally classified as acinic cell carcinoma, and 3 as adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS). Lymph node involvement was less common in SC tumors (5%) than in the control group (11%). Disease recurrence was seen less frequently in SC (9%) than the control group (20%). Mean disease‐free survival was 192 months for SC compared with 162 months for controls (P = 0.15).ConclusionThe clinical course of SC is typically indolent with a low risk of relapse not significantly different from other low‐grade MSGT.
Development of Hepatic Steatosis After Chemotherapy for Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Ben‐Yakov Gil , Alao Hawwa , Haydek John P. , Fryzek Nancy , Cho Min Ho , Hemmati Mehdi , Samala Vikram , Shovlin Margaret , Dunleavy Kieron , Wilson Wyndham , Jones Elizabeth C. , Rotman Yaron 
Published: December 2018

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disorder in the developed world. Although typically reflecting caloric overload, it can also be secondary to drug toxicity. We aimed to describe the incidence and risk factors for de novo steatosis during chemotherapy for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this retrospective case‐control study, adult patients with NHL were treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone, and vincristine (R‐CHOP) or R‐CHOP + etoposide (EPOCH‐R). Patients with liver disease or steatosis were excluded. Abdominal computed tomography was performed pretreatment and at 3‐ to 6‐month intervals and reviewed for steatosis. Patients with de novo steatosis were matched 1:1 to controls by age, sex, and ethnicity. Of 251 treated patients (median follow‐up 53 months), 25 (10%) developed de novo steatosis, with the vast majority (23 of 25; 92%) developing it after chemotherapy. Of those, 14 (61%) developed steatosis within the first 18 months posttreatment and 20 (87%) within 36 months. Cases had higher baseline body mass index (BMI; mean ± SD, 29.0 ± 6.5 versus 26.0 ± 5.2 kg/m2; P = 0.014) and hyperlipidemia (12% versus 2%; P = 0.035). Although their weights did not change during chemotherapy, BMI in cases increased by 2.4 ± 2 kg/m2 (mean ± SD) from end of treatment to steatosis compared to 0.68 ± 1.4 in controls (P = 0.003). Etoposide‐containing regimens were associated with a shorter time to steatosis (median 34 weeks versus 154 weeks; P < 0.001) despite similar baseline risk factors. Conclusion: The recovery period from NHL chemotherapy appears to be a “hot spot” for development of fatty liver, driven by early posttreatment weight gain, especially in subjects with baseline risk factors.
Human detection of drone invasion in a low‐altitude airspace: An application of signal detection theory
Authors: Li Kai Way , Peng Lu , Zhao Caijun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA field study was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of human participants in detecting the invasion of a drone in the airspace. A Phantom 4 quadcopter was remotely controlled to hovering at air locations inside or outside of a stadium. Twenty participants were requested to determine whether the drone has invaded in the test field or not on a five‐point scale. The participants also responded whether they have heard the sound of the drone. The nonparametric measures of the sensitivity of drone invasion detection, or P(A), were calculated. The results indicated that the distance between the drone and the boundary of the airspace significantly affected the P(A) while the effects of drone altitude were not significant. The participants were not unbiased detectors. They tended to respond “probably yes,” in general, when they spotted a drone near the airspace. The hearing of the sound of the drone provided partial cues in drone invasion detection.
Inorganic Protection of Polymer Nanocapsules: A Strategy to Improve the Efficiency of Encapsulated Optically Active Molecules
Authors: Katta Kartheek , Busko Dmitry , Landfester Katharina , Baluschev Stanislav , Muñoz‐Espí Rafael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate that the efficiency under ambient conditions of optically active molecules encapsulated in polymer nanocapsules can be significantly improved by depositing an inorganic layer onto the polymeric shell. A triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) system consisting of a porphyrin derivative and perylene is used as a representative case. Different inorganic materials are deposited on the surface of functionalized polymer nanocapsules synthesized by free‐radical polymerization in miniemulsion. First, a silicate clay with formula [Si8(Mg5.45Li0.4)O20(OH)4]Na0.7 is deposited on the surface of positively charged polystyrene nanocapsules via layer‐by‐layer deposition. Second, controlled in situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite and cerium(IV) oxide are carried out on the surface of negatively charged polystyrene nanocapsules. In both cases the inorganic materials on the nanocapsule surface act as a scavenger and avoid the entry of oxygen from the external environment. By avoiding the entry of oxygen, the photo‐oxidation process of perylene molecules is avoided within the system, and an increase in the TTA‐UC properties occurs.