bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La remise en cause des frontières : une nouvelle représentation de la réalité européenne
Authors: Martin Claude 
Published: October 2018

Les frontières de l’UE seront-elles remises en cause par les flux migratoires, le populisme, ou la volonté séparatiste de certains états ? Derrière cette question, se profile une pluralité de visions et d’acteurs. Au gré des interprétations, la frontière est perçue comme un concept qui protège, un motif d’adhésion, une construction socio-culturelle, un cadre de valeurs, un enjeu, un défi ou un moyen de pouvoir. La modification d’une frontière n’est jamais le fruit du hasard. L’Union européenne, les États membres, les pays tiers et les entreprises sont impliqués dans ce processus. Le BREXIT enfin, aura des conséquences sur les secteurs clés de l’Union : commerce international, enseignement et recherche, immigration, travail, organisation territoriale... Les divergences économiques et financières dans l’UE, la compétitivité des entreprises, des institutions et des villes sont des questions importantes pour l’agenda européen. Réduire les disparités régionales des États membres fait partie de la politique de cohésion. L’attitude de la Grande Bretagne par rapport au financement de la politique de cohésion laisse imaginer les problèmes qui pourraient apparaître dans l’avenir.
Attachement, fonction contenante et rigidités contemporaines
Authors: Plaat Nathalie 
Published: October 2018

En effectuant une plongée au cœur des phénomènes psychiques impliqués dans la fonction contenante et la création de l’attachement mère-enfant, cet article met en lumière les liens possibles entre les expériences traumatiques de l’accouchement, la culture actuelle du « conseil standardisé » et la rigidification graduelle des processus de pensées observée chez les parents de nouveau-nés. L’auteure y explore la possibilité de remettre la fonction contenante et l’empathie au premier plan de toute intervention de soutien périnatal, afin de contrer la tendance actuelle, chez les parents, à chercher au-dehors d’eux-mêmes et du champ relationnel les liant à leur bébé, les attitudes et les comportements à adopter avec celui-ci.
Limited Phenotypic and Functional Plasticity of Influenza Virus–Specific Memory CD8+ T Cells during Activation in an Alternative Cytokine Environment
Authors: Harland Kim L. , Fox Annette , Nüssing Simone , Hensen Luca , Kedzierska Katherine , Turner Stephen J. , Kelso Anne 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Naive CD8+ T cells show phenotypic, functional, and epigenetic plasticity, enabling differentiation into distinct cellular states. However, whether memory CD8+ T cells demonstrate similar flexibility upon recall is poorly understood. We investigated the potential of influenza A virus (IAV)-specific memory CD8+ T cells from mice to alter their phenotype and function in response to reactivation in the presence of IL-4 and anti–IFN-γ Ab (type 2 conditions). Compared with naive CD8+ T cells, only a small proportion of IAV-specific memory T cells exhibited phenotypic and functional plasticity after clonal activation under type 2 conditions. The potential for modulation of cell-surface phenotype (CD8α expression) was associated with specific epigenetic changes at the Cd8a locus, was greater in central memory T cells than effector memory T cells, and was observed in endogenous memory cells of two TCR specificities. Using a novel technique for intracellular cytokine staining of small clonal populations, we showed that IAV-specific memory CD8+ T cells reactivated under type 2 conditions displayed robust IFN-γ expression and, unlike naive CD8+ T cells activated under type 2 conditions, produced little IL-4 protein. Secondary activation of memory cells under type 2 conditions increased GATA-3 levels with minimal change in T-bet levels. These data suggest that a small population of memory cells, especially central memory T cells, exhibits plasticity; however, most IAV-specific memory CD8+ T cells resist reprogramming upon reactivation and retain the functional state established during priming.
Effect of scattering and differential attenuation on beam profile in the presence of high-density intensity modifying compensator
Authors: Kaushik Sandeep , Punia Rajesh , Tyagi Atul , Malik Anand 
Published: October 2018

Aim:
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of scattering and differential attenuation on dose profile of 6 MV photon beam in the presence of cadmium (Cd)-free compensator which has been used in compensator-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
Totally, 10 slabs of Cd-free compensator having thicknesses ranging from 2.4 to 61.4 mm have been prepared. Dose profiles have been taken using computer-controlled radiation field analyzer for five field sizes from 30 mm × 30 mm to 200 mm × 200 mm and at three depths in water phantom. Off-axis dose variation (ODV) has been measured with off-axis percentage depth dose scan and with ion chamber by measuring point dose at two diagonal points with respect to dose at central axis point in a plane and at three depths.

Results:
A decrease in beam flatness has been observed with increase in compensator thickness and depth in phantom. ODV has been found to increase with compensator thickness. Selective beam hardening has been observed due to differential attenuation from compensator. Point dose measurements show approximately 20% and 23% underdose region at 70 and 106 mm off-axis diagonal point, respectively, as compared to dose at central axis point for a field size of 200 mm × 200 mm at a depth of 15 mm, with 30.2-mm slab thickness. Significant increase in scattered penumbra has been observed with field size and thickness of compensator due to increase in scattered photon.

Conclusions:
The presence of compensator changes photon beam mean energy along the cross-section resulted in decreased beam flatness and increased scattering. This may lead to overestimation of dose along off-axis within radiation field if change in flatness is not taken into account and more exposure to healthy tissues in penumbral region due to large-angle scattering.
Serum interleukin-23 protects, whereas methotrexate treatment stimulates selected components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with SAPHO syndrome
Authors: Przepiera-Będzak Hanna , Fischer Katarzyna , Brzosko Marek 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of disease activity, selected serum cytokines, and therapy on metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in patients with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome.Material and methodsWe studied 46 SAPHO patients (40 women, 6 men). We recorded age, sex, disease duration, arthritis localization, type of skin changes, bone scintigraphy results, comorbidities, BASDAI, VAS, and treatment. We measured erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, serum IL-6, IL-18, IL-23, endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epidermal growth factor (EGF).Results97.8% of patients had sternoclavicular joint arthritis, 91.3% of patients palmoplantar pustulosis. In 65.2% of SAPHO patients skin changes and arthritis started simultaneously. Apart from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, patients were treated with methotrexate (41.3%), sulfasalazine (41.3%), and antibiotics (39.1%). 19.5% of patients met MetS criteria. Serum IL-23 correlated positively with total cholesterol (TC; p = 0.02) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.01) in the SAPHO group. There was a negative correlation between HDL-C and BASDAI (p = 0.02). Patients treated with methotrexate had higher triglyceride (p = 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.01) levels. There was a negative correlation between TC and EGF (p = 0.03). Increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases and depression was observed in SAPHO patients.ConclusionsSerum IL-23 protects, whereas methotrexate treatment stimulates selected components of the MetS in patients with SAPHO syndrome.
Fatty acids in intramuscular fat of Ile de France lambs in two different production systems
Authors: Margetín Milan , Oravcová Marta , Margetínová Jana , Kubinec Róbert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The fatty acid (FA) composition in the intramuscular fat (IMF) of the musculus
longissimus dorsi (MLD) of Ile de France purebred lambs in two different
production systems in Slovakia was evaluated using gas chromatography. In the first production system,
lambs and ewes were assigned to pasture without access to concentrates (P).
In the second system, lambs and ewes were confined indoors with hay/silage and
access to concentrates (S). An analysis of variance with the following factors was employed: production
system, sex, and production system–sex interactions. The
proportions of arachidonic, eicosapentaeonic, docosapentaeonic, and
docosahexaenoic FAs, i.e. long-chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), were
significantly higher in P lambs (1.83, 0.82, 0.92, 0.29 g 100 g−1
FAME, respectively) than in S lambs (0.45, 0.14, 0.30, 0.09 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The
proportions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and
essential FA (linoleic and α-linolenic) were also significantly
higher in P lambs (2.10, 8.50, 4.55, and 8.80 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in
S lambs (0.65, 3.27, 1.50, and 3.64 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportions
of palmitic acid and myristic acid as important individual saturated FAs (SFA)
were significantly higher in S lambs (28.51 and 8.30 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively)
than in P lambs (21.80 and 5.63 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportion of
all SFAs was also significantly higher in S lambs (57.87 g 100 g−1
FAME) than in P lambs (48.70 g 100 g−1 FAME). From a nutrition and
human health point of view (i.e. higher proportions of PUFA, CLA, and
essential FAs and lower proportions of SFAs), meat from P lambs was found to be more
favourable and would be more highly recommended for consumption.
Primary emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from laboratory measurements of open biomass burning
Authors: Zarzana Kyle J. , Selimovic Vanessa , Koss Abigail R. , Sekimoto Kanako , Coggon Matthew M. , Yuan Bin , Dubé William P. , Yokelson Robert J. , Warneke Carsten , de Gouw Joost A. , Roberts James M. , Brown Steven S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We report the emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from the open burning of
biomass during the NOAA-led 2016 FIREX intensive at the Fire Sciences
Laboratory in Missoula, MT. Both compounds were measured using cavity-enhanced spectroscopy, which is both more sensitive and more selective than
methods previously used to determine emissions of these two compounds. A
total of 75 burns were conducted, using 33 different fuels in 8 different
categories, providing a far more comprehensive dataset for emissions than was
previously available. Measurements of methylglyoxal using our instrument
suffer from spectral interferences from several other species, and the values
reported here are likely underestimates, possibly by as much as 70 %.
Methylglyoxal emissions were 2–3 times higher than glyoxal emissions on a
molar basis, in contrast to previous studies that report methylglyoxal
emissions lower than glyoxal emissions. Methylglyoxal emission ratios for all
fuels averaged 3.6±2.4 ppbv methylglyoxal (ppmv CO)−1, while emission
factors averaged 0.66±0.50 g methylglyoxal (kg fuel burned)−1. Primary
emissions of glyoxal from biomass burning were much lower than previous
laboratory measurements but consistent with recent measurements from
aircraft. Glyoxal emission ratios for all fuels averaged 1.4±0.7 ppbv glyoxal (ppmv CO)−1, while
emission factors averaged 0.20±0.12 g glyoxal (kg fuel burned)−1, values that are at least a factor of 4 lower than
assumed in previous estimates of the global glyoxal budget. While there was
significant variability in the glyoxal emission ratios and factors between
the different fuel groups, glyoxal and formaldehyde were highly correlated
during the course of any given fire, and the ratio of glyoxal to
formaldehyde, RGF, was consistent across many different fuel
types, with an average value of 0.068±0.018. While RGF values
for fresh emissions were consistent across many fuel types, further work is
required to determine how this value changes as the emissions age.
Assessing the dynamics of vegetation productivity in circumpolar regions with different satellite indicators of greenness and photosynthesis
Authors: Walther Sophia , Guanter Luis , Heim Birgit , Jung Martin , Duveiller Gregory , Wolanin Aleksandra , Sachs Torsten 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. High-latitude treeless ecosystems represent spatially highly heterogeneous
landscapes with small net carbon fluxes and a short growing season. Reliable
observations and process understanding are critical for projections of the
carbon balance of the climate-sensitive tundra. Space-borne remote sensing is the
only tool to obtain spatially continuous and temporally resolved information
on vegetation greenness and activity in remote circumpolar areas. However,
confounding effects from persistent clouds, low sun elevation angles,
numerous lakes, widespread surface inundation, and the sparseness of the
vegetation render it highly challenging. Here, we conduct an extensive
analysis of the timing of peak vegetation productivity as shown by satellite
observations of complementary indicators of plant greenness and
photosynthesis. We choose to focus on productivity during the peak of the
growing season, as it importantly affects the total annual carbon uptake. The
suite of indicators are as follows: (1) MODIS-based vegetation indices (VIs) as proxies
for the fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) that is absorbed (fPAR), (2) VIs combined with estimates
of PAR as a proxy of the total absorbed radiation (APAR), (3) sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) serving as a proxy
for photosynthesis, (4) vegetation optical depth (VOD), indicative of total
water content and (5) empirically upscaled modelled gross primary
productivity (GPP). Averaged over the pan-Arctic we find a clear order of the
annual peak as APAR ≦ GPP<SIF<VIs/VOD. SIF as an indicator of
photosynthesis is maximised around the time of highest annual temperatures.
The modelled GPP peaks at a similar time to APAR. The time lag of the annual peak
between APAR and instantaneous SIF fluxes indicates that the SIF data do
contain information on light-use efficiency of tundra vegetation, but further
detailed studies are necessary to verify this. Delayed peak greenness
compared to peak photosynthesis is consistently found across years and land-cover classes. A particularly late peak of the normalised difference
vegetation index (NDVI) in regions with very small seasonality in greenness
and a high amount of lakes probably originates from artefacts. Given the very
short growing season in circumpolar areas, the average time difference in
maximum annual photosynthetic activity and greenness or growth of 3 to 25 days
(depending on the data sets chosen) is important and needs to be considered
when using satellite observations as drivers in vegetation models.
Ecophysiological characteristics of red, green, and brown strains of the Baltic picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. – a laboratory study
Authors: Śliwińska-Wilczewska Sylwia , Cieszyńska Agata , Maculewicz Jakub , Latała Adam 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The contribution of picocyanobacteria (PCY) to summer phytoplankton blooms,
accompanied by an ecological crisis is a new phenomenon in Europe. This issue
requires careful investigation. The present study examined the response of
Synechococcus sp. physiology to different environmental conditions.
Three strains of Synechococcus sp. (red BA-120, green BA-124, and
brown BA-132) were cultivated in a laboratory under previously determined
environmental conditions. These conditions were as follows: temperature (T)
from 10 by 5 to 25 ∘C, salinity from 3 by 5 to 18 PSU, and
photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from 10 by 90 to
280 µmol photons m−2 s−1, which gave 64 combinations
of synthetic, though realistic, environmental scenarios. Scenarios reflecting
all possible combinations were applied in the laboratory experiments. Results
pointed to differences in final numbers of cells among strains. However,
there was also a similar tendency for BA-124 and BA-132, which demonstrated
the highest concentrations of PCY cells at elevated T and PAR. This was
also the case for BA-120 but only to a certain degree as the number of cells
started to decrease above
190 µmol photons m−2 s−1 PAR. Pigmentation,
chlorophyll a (Chl a), fluorescence, and rate of photosynthesis presented
both similarities and differences among strains. In this context, more
consistent features were observed between brown and red strains when compared
to the green. In this paper, the ecophysiological responses of PCY are
defined.
Chemical composition of chicken meat after application of humic acid and probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum
Authors: Haščí­k Peter , Arpášová Henrieta , Pavelková Adriana , Bobko Marek , Čuboň Juraj , Bučko Ondřej 
Published: October 2018

The aim of the present study was analysed and evaluated chemical parameters of chicken breast and thigh muscles after addition of humic acids and probiotic into diet for broiler chicken. A total of 200 pcs Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 4 groups (n=50). The control group of chickens was fed with complete feed mixtures without any additives. Chickens in experiment groups were fed a diet containing: P1 (1% of humic acid), P2 (1% of humic acid and probiotic supplement Lactobacillus fermentum) and P3 were fed with complete feed mixture containing combination of starter feed mixture (1. - 21. day) with coccidiostaticum Diclazuril and growth feed mixture (21. - 35. day) containing Salinomycinum sodium. Besides, the groups were kept under the same conditions. Fattening period lasted for 42 days. Chicken meat was analyzed for content of water, crude protein, fat and cholesterol. Based on the results, we can state that the application of humic acids or the combination of Humac Natur with probiotic did not affect the chemical composition of the breast muscle. In the breast muscle, the protein content in the experimental group P3 with the coccidiostat (22.98 g.100 g-1) was reduced (p ≤0.05) compared to control group (23.42 g.100 g-1). In the case of thigh muscle was significantly higher content of fat and cholesterol (p ≤0.05) in chickens feeding with addition of Humac Natur (fat - 9.08 g.100g-1; cholesterol - 0.86 mg.100g-1) and similar results were recorded in experimental group with combination of Humac Natur and probiotic (fat - 9.15 g.100g-1; cholesterol - 0.86 mg.100g-1) compared to control group (fat - 7.15 g.100g-1; cholesterol - 0.70 mg.100g-1). From a general point of view, we can recommend the application of Humac Natur, respectively combination Humac Natur with probiotics in feeding of broiler chickens Ross 308.
Os métodos consensuais de resolução conflitos como política pública alternativa ao encarceramento nos delitos econômicos
Authors: Santana Selma Pereira de , Santos Carlos Alberto Miranda 
Published: October 2018

Resumo: No Brasil, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça por meio da Resolução nº 125, de 29/11/2010 dispôs sobre o tratamento adequado dos conflitos de interesse no âmbito do Poder Judiciário Nacional, afirmando a importância do consenso nas lides. Com base nesta resolução, este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a eficácia dos meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos como política pública capaz de humanizar as respostas penais aos delitos econômicos, diante das críticas à intervenção do Estado no direito econômico via sistema penal. Conclui-se que os meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos representam um modelo de resposta ao delito econômico capaz de diminuir a política do encarceramento, ainda que não implique a total supressão do modelo retributivo atual, podendo ser utilizados de maneira residual nos casos de maior gravidade.Palavras-chave: Delitos econômicos. Direito Penal Econômico. Métodos consensuais de resolução conflitos. Política Pública. Prisão.
Predictive Modeling for Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients: Early Surgery and Delirium Have the Largest Influence on Length of Stay
Authors: Hecht Garin , Slee Christina A. , Goodell Parker B. , Taylor Sandra L. , Wolinsky Philip R. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Averaging length of stay (LOS) ignores patient complexity and is a poor metric for quality control in geriatric hip fracture programs. We developed a predictive model of LOS that compares patient complexity to the logistic effects of our institution's hip fracture care pathway.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients enrolled into a hip fracture co-management pathway at an academic level I trauma center from 2014 to 2015. Patient complexity was approximated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index and ASA score. A predictive model of LOS was developed from patient-specific and system-specific variables using a multivariate linear regression analysis; it was tested against a sample of patients from 2016.

Results:
LOS averaged 5.95 days. Avoidance of delirium and reduced time to surgery were found to be notable predictors of reduced LOS. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was not a strong predictor of LOS, but the ASA score was. Our predictive LOS model worked well for 63% of patients from the 2016 group; for those it did not work well for, 80% had postoperative complications.

Discussion:
Predictive LOS modeling accounting for patient complexity was effective for identifying (1) reasons for outliers to the expected LOS and (2) effective measures to target for improving our hip fracture program.

Level of Evidence:
III
Georganiseerde kinderpornonetwerken op het darkweb
Authors: van der Bruggen Madeleine 
Published: October 2018

Organized child pornography networks on the Dark Web
The emergence of Dark Web child pornography forums and their availability to large offender communities has enabled a professional form of child pornography distribution as well as an increased exchange of criminal and social capital. Offenders have access to a new platform in which strong ties and long-lasting relationships with co-offenders are formed. Moreover they could be classified as organized crime, because child pornography Dark Web forums are characterized by a hierarchical order, a clear role division and illegal power structures that regulate the illegal activities. The implications from a law enforcement as well as from scientific perspective are discussed.
De ‘non-human (f)actor’ in cybercrime
Authors: van der Wagen Wytske , Bernaards Frank 
Published: October 2018

The non-human (f)actor in cybercrime. Cybercriminal networks seen from a cyborg crime perspective
Botnets, banking malware and other high-tech crimes are increasingly analyzed by criminological scholars. Their distributed and automated nature poses however various theoretical challenges. This article presents an alternative approach, denoted as the ‘cyborg crime’ perspective, which adopts a more hybrid view of networks and also assigns an active role to technology. The value of this approach is demonstrated by reflecting on findings from earlier empirical work that analyzes conversations between cybercriminals involved in botnets and related activities. The research shows that technological nodes can take an important position in the organizational structure of cybercriminal networks and do not merely have a functional role. Viewing technology as an actor within a criminal network might offer new criminological insights in both the composition of these networks and how to disrupt them.