bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making them visible and usable — vegetation‐plot observations from Fennoscandia based on historical species‐quantity scales
Authors: Pätsch Ricarda , Jašková Anni , Chytrý Milan , Kucherov Ilya B. , Schaminée Joop H. J. , Bergmeier Erwin , Janssen John A. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsPresent‐day large‐scale and plot‐based vegetation analyses contribute to the transnational characterization and interpretation of biodiversity patterns and to habitat typologies which are important for planning, monitoring and decision making in nature conservation. Many historical vegetation surveys applied cover abundance, relative occurrence or density scales (species‐quantity scales) that are nowadays poorly known and consequently disregarded or misinterpreted. Therefore, it is worthwhile to put effort into making them compatible with the datasets sampled using mainstream methods. Within Europe, this especially applies to historical data from Fennoscandia. Here, we aim to propose how to transform the species‐quantity scales frequently used in Fennoscandia into percentage cover scales, based on the conversion of their individual grades.Study areaFennoscandia, including Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Fennoscandian part of Russia (Republic of Karelia, Karelian Isthmus, Murmansk Region).Methods and resultsWe inventoried Fennoscandian vegetation‐plot studies and identified that the most frequently applied species‐quantity scales were those of Norrlin, Hult–Sernander and Drude. We reviewed the definitions and applications of these scales in the literature and, if not available, calculated hypothetical species covers to approximate realistic conversions to the percentage scale. As a result, we propose alternative ways of conversion of the individual scale grades to mid‐percentage cover values.ConclusionHistorical vegetation plot data from Fennoscandia can be used as quantitative information for vegetation research if their grades are consistently transformed into percentage cover values using the proposals presented in this paper.
The role of different patterns of psychomotor symptoms in major depressive episode: Pooled analysis of the BRIDGE and BRIDGE‐II‐MIX cohorts
Authors: Barbuti Margherita , Mainardi Cecilia , Pacchiarotti Isabella , Verdolini Norma , Maccariello Giuseppe , Angst Jules , Azorin Jean‐Michel , Bowden Charles L. , Mosolov Sergey , Young Allan H. , Vieta Eduard , Perugi Giulio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsychomotor agitation (PA) or retardation (PR) during major depressive episodes (MDEs) have been associated with depression severity in terms of treatment‐resistance and course of illness.ObjectivesWe investigated the possible association of psychomotor symptoms (PMSs) during a MDE with clinical features belonging to the bipolar spectrum.MethodsThe initial sample of 7689 MDE patients was divided into three subgroups based on the presence of PR, PA and non‐psychomotor symptom (NPS). Univariate comparisons and multivariate logistic regression models were performed between subgroups.ResultsA total of 3720 patients presented PR (48%), 1971 showed PA (26%) and 1998 had NPS (26%). In the PR and PA subgroups, the clinical characteristics related to bipolarity, along with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD), were significantly more frequent than in the NPS subgroup. When comparing PA and PR patients, the former presented higher rates of bipolar spectrum features, such as family history of BD (OR = 1.39, CI = 1.20‐1.61), manic/hypomanic switches with antidepressants (OR = 1.28, CI = 1.11‐1.48), early onset of first MDE (OR = 1.40, CI = 1.26‐1.57), atypical (OR = 1.23, CI = 1.07‐1.42) and psychotic features (OR = 2.08, CI = 1.78‐2.44), treatment with mood‐stabilizers (OR = 1.39, CI = 1.24‐1.55), as well as a BD diagnosis according to both the DSM‐IV criteria and the bipolar specifier criteria. When logistic regression model was performed, the clinical features that significantly differentiated PA from PR were early onset of first MDE, atypical and psychotic features, treatment with mood‐stabilizers and a BD diagnosis according to the bipolar specifier criteria.ConclusionsPsychomotor symptoms could be considered as markers of bipolarity, illness severity, and treatment complexity, particularly if PA is present.
Permutation inference methods for multivariate meta‐analysis
Authors: Noma Hisashi , Nagashima Kengo , Furukawa Toshi A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultivariate meta‐analysis is gaining prominence in evidence synthesis research because it enables simultaneous synthesis of multiple correlated outcome data, and random‐effects models have generally been used for addressing between‐studies heterogeneities. However, coverage probabilities of confidence regions or intervals for standard inference methods for random‐effects models (eg, restricted maximum likelihood estimation) cannot retain their nominal confidence levels in general, especially when the number of synthesized studies is small because their validities depend on large sample approximations. In this article, we provide permutation‐based inference methods that enable exact joint inferences for average outcome measures without large sample approximations. We also provide accurate marginal inference methods under general settings of multivariate meta‐analyses. We propose effective approaches for permutation inferences using optimal weighting based on the efficient score statistic. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated via applications to bivariate meta‐analyses of diagnostic accuracy studies for airway eosinophilia in asthma and a network meta‐analysis for antihypertensive drugs on incident diabetes, as well as through simulation experiments. In numerical evaluations performed via simulations, our methods generally provided accurate confidence regions or intervals under a broad range of settings, whereas the current standard inference methods exhibited serious undercoverage properties.
Development of ligand‐coated beads to measure macrophage antimicrobial activities
Authors: Tram Trinh T. B. , Ha Vu T. N. , Thu Do D. A. , Dinh Tran D. , Vijay Srinivasan , Hai Hoang T. , Hanh Nguyen T. , Phu Nguyen H. , Thwaites Guy E. , Thuong Nguyen T. T. 
Published: August 2019

Background informationAfter macrophage recognises and phagocytoses the microorganism, their phagosome undergoes a maturation process, which creates a hostile environment for the bacterium. The lumen is acidified, and proteolysis occurs to kill and degrade pathogen for further antigen presentation. It is important to understand the association between the macrophage intracellular activities and the outcome of infection. Different methods have been developed to measure the phagosome dynamics of macrophages, but there are still limitations.ResultsWe used Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), as a model of infectious disease. Adopting a fluorescent bead‐based assay, we developed beads coated with trehalose 6,6′dimycolate (TDM) from Mtb cell wall and β‐glucan from yeast cell wall to measure the macrophage phagosomal activities using a microplate reader. We examined the consistency of the assay using J774 cells and validated it using human monocyte‐derived macrophages (hMDM) from healthy volunteers and TB patients. There was a decreased pH and increased proteolysis in the lumen of J774 cells after phagocytosing the ligand‐coated beads. J774 macrophage showed no difference in the acidification and proteolysis in response to control IgG beads, TDM and β‐glucan beads. hMDM from healthy volunteers or TB patients showed heterogeneity in the intracellular activities when treated with ligand‐coated beads.Conclusions and significanceThe beads coated with specific ligands from Mtb worked well in both macrophage cell line and human primary macrophages, which can be exploited to further study the phagosomal function of macrophage in TB. Our bead model can be applied to different ligands from other pathogens, which could extend the understanding of the associations between macrophage antimicrobial functions and outcomes of infectious diseases and the possible cellular mechanisms involved.
The role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Mamazhakypov Argen , Viswanathan Gayathri , Lawrie Allan , Schermuly Ralph Theo , Rajagopal Sudarshan 
Published: August 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by progressive pulmonary artery remodelling leading to increased right ventricular pressure overload, which results in right heart failure and premature death. Inflammation plays a central role in the development of PAH, and the recruitment and function of immune cells are tightly regulated by chemotactic cytokines called chemokines. A number of studies have shown that the development and progression of PAH are associated with the dysregulated expression of several chemokines and chemokine receptors in the pulmonary vasculature. Moreover, some chemokines are differentially regulated in the pressure‐overloaded right ventricle. Recent studies have tested the efficacy of pharmacological agents targeting several chemokines and chemokine receptors for their effects on the development of PAH, suggesting that these receptors could serve as useful therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide recent insights into the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in PAH and RV remodelling and the opportunities and roadblocks in targeting them.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc
Young Children Are Wishful Thinkers: The Development of Wishful Thinking in 3‐ to 10‐Year‐Old Children
Authors: Wente Adrienne O. , Goddu Mariel K. , Garcia Teresa , Posner Elyanah , Fernández Flecha María , Gopnik Alison 
Published: August 2019

Previously, research on wishful thinking has found that desires bias older children’s and adults’ predictions during probabilistic reasoning tasks. In this article, we explore wishful thinking in children aged 3‐ to 10‐years‐old. Do young children learn to be wishful thinkers? Or do they begin with a wishful thinking bias that is gradually overturned during development? Across five experiments, we compare low‐ and middle‐income United States and Peruvian 3‐ to 10‐year‐old children (N = 682). Children were asked to make predictions during games of chance. Across experiments, preschool‐aged children from all backgrounds consistently displayed a strong wishful thinking bias. However, the bias declined with age.
Rhinovirus‐16 induced temporal interferon responses in nasal epithelium links with viral clearance and symptoms
Authors: Ravi Abilash , Chang Meiping , van de Pol Marianne , Yang Shan , Aliprantis Antonios , Thornton Bob , Carayannopoulos Leonidas N. , Bautmans An , Robberechts Martine , De Lepeleire Inge , Singh Dave , Hohlfeld Jens M. , Sterk Peter J. , Krug Norbert , Lutter René ,   on behalf of U‐BIOPRED Study Group
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe temporal in vivo response of epithelial cells to a viral challenge and its association with viral clearance and clinical outcomes has been largely unexplored in asthma.ObjectiveTo determine gene expression profiles over time in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) challenged in vivo with rhinovirus‐16 (RV16) and compare to nasal symptoms and viral clearance.MethodsPatients with stable mild to moderate asthma (n = 20) were challenged intranasally with RV16. Nasal brush samples for RNA sequencing were taken 7 days prior to infection and 3, 6 and 14 days post‐infection, and blood samples 4 days prior to infection and day 6 post‐infection. Viral load was measured in nasal lavage fluid at day 3, 6 and 14.ResultsTop differentially (>2.5‐fold increase) expressed gene sets in NECs post‐RV16 at days 3 and 6, compared with baseline, were interferon alpha and gamma response genes. Patients clearing the virus within 6 days (early resolvers) had a significantly increased interferon response at day 6, whereas those having cleared the virus by day 14 (late resolvers) had significantly increased responses at day 3, 6 and 14. Interestingly, patients not having cleared the virus by day 14 (non‐resolvers) had no enhanced interferon responses at any of these days. The daily Cold Symptom Scores (CSS) peaked at days 3 to 5 and correlated positively with interferon response genes at day 3 (R = 0.48), but not at other time‐points. Interferon response genes were also enhanced in blood at day 6 after RV16 challenge.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThis study shows that viral load and clearance varies markedly over time in mild to moderate asthma patients exposed to a fixed RV16 dose. The host's nasal interferon response to RV16 at day 3 is associated with upper respiratory tract symptoms. The temporal interferon response in nasal epithelium associates with viral clearance in the nasal compartment.
Changes in subtypes of overt thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism following iodine fortification
Authors: Petersen Mads , Bülow Pedersen Inge , Knudsen Nils , Andersen Stig , Jørgensen Torben , Perrild Hans , Ovesen Lars , Banke Rasmussen Lone , Thuesen Betina H. , Carlé Allan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of mandatory iodine fortification (IF) on the incidence of nosological subtypes of overt thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism.DesignWe identified and scrutinized all possible new cases of overt thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism in an open cohort in Northern Jutland (n = 309 434; 1 January 1997) during the years 2014‐2016. Individual medical history was evaluated to verify and detail the incidence of overt thyroid dysfunction and for classification into nosological subtypes. A number of cases were excluded during final verification due to spontaneous normalization of thyroid function, as they had no medical history suggesting a known condition, which could transiently affect thyroid function (subacute/silent thyroiditis, PPTD and iatrogenic thyroid dysfunction). An identical survey was conducted in 1997‐2000 prior to mandatory IF of salt (13 µg/g) that was in effect from year 2001.ResultsThe standardized incidence rate (SIR) of verified overt thyrotoxicosis decreased markedly from 97.5/100 000/year in 1997‐2000 to 48.8 in 2014‐2016 (SIRR: 0.50 [95% CI: 0.45‐0.56]). This was due to a distinct decrease in the SIR of multinodular toxic goitre (SIRR: 0.18 [0.15‐0.23]), solitary toxic adenoma (SIRR: 0.26 [0.16‐0.43]) and to a lesser degree Graves’ disease (SIRR: 0.67 [0.56‐0.79]). SIR for overt hypothyroidism was unaltered by 2014‐2016 (SIRR: 1.03 [0.87‐1.22]). However, age distribution shifted with more young and fewer elderly cases of verified overt hypothyroidism.ConclusionMandatory IF caused a substantial reduction in SIR of verified overt thyrotoxicosis (especially of nodular origin) while avoiding an increase in SIR of verified overt hypothyroidism.
Analysis of trends in implant therapy at a surgical specialty clinic: Patient pool, indications, surgical procedures, and rate of early failures—A 15‐year retrospective analysis
Authors: Ducommun Julien , El Kholy Karim , Rahman Lira , Schimmel Martin , Chappuis Viviane , Buser Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the patient population over a 3‐year period and to compare it to observations of the population at the same clinic over a period of 15 years.Material and MethodsRecords of patients receiving dental implants in the Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, University of Bern, between January 2014 and December 2016 were analyzed and then compared with data from patients treated between 2002 and 2004 and between 2008 and 2010. Patients were analyzed for demographics and for indications for therapy, as well as for presence or absence and type of complications. Inserted implants were analyzed for type, length, and diameter, as well as for the number and type of associated tissue regeneration procedures.ResultsAnalysis revealed a continuous linear increase in the average age of patients seeking implant treatment. The most common indication for implant therapy was a single‐tooth gap (STG) (50.5%), followed by distal extension situations (22.3%) and extended edentulous gaps (20.5%). A total of 60.8% of implants placed needed some type of bone augmentation, and 83.5% of implants placed in the anterior maxilla required simultaneous augmentation. Staged guided bone regeneration (GBR) was only necessary in 7% of the cases. Implant failure rates remained low at 0.6%, with postoperative hematomas being the most common postoperative complication (13.4%).ConclusionsThe rising demand for dental implants continues as the patient population ages. Single‐tooth gaps remained consistently the most common indication for implant therapy in recent years. Proper case selection and evidence‐based surgical protocols are essential for high success rates.
Use of mTOR inhibitor as prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus disease after kidney transplantation: A natural experiment
Authors: Cristelli Marina Pontelo , Felipe Claudia Rosso , Prizmic Paulo Sergio de Souza , de Azevedo Vega Figueiredo Dourado , Viana Laila Almeida , Tavares Melissa Gaspar , Wagner de Castro Lima Santos Daniel , de Paula Mayara Ivani , Medina‐Pestana Jose Osmar , Tedesco‐Silva Junior Helio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection/disease in kidney transplant recipients receiving an mTOR‐inhibitor‐containing immunosuppressive regimen without prophylactic CMV treatment.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective cohort analysis included all de novo kidney transplant recipients (09/15/2015‐07/31/2017) receiving 3 mg/kg single dose of rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction, tacrolimus, everolimus, and prednisone. Preemptive therapy was initiated only in patients deemed at higher risk for CMV infection: (a) D+/R− CMV patients; (b) after treatment for acute rejection (ARt); and (c) after everolimus discontinuation (EVRd).ResultsOf 230 patients, there were no episodes of CMV disease among 217 (94%) without criteria to initiate preemptive therapy. Of 77 (33.5%) patients initiating preemptive therapy, 13 were D+/R−, 30 were ARt, and 34 were EVRd. The overall incidence of first CMV infection/disease was 6% (46.1% in D+/R−, 13.3% ARt [all patients had also discontinued everolimus], and 11.8% after early [<90 days] EVRd). The incidence of biopsy‐proven acute rejection was 5.6%, and median glomerular filtration rate at month 12 was 47 mL/min/1.73m2. One‐year patient and death‐censored graft survivals were 97.4% and 98.1%.ConclusionThis study suggests that everolimus‐containing immunosuppressive regimen reduces the need for preventive strategies for CMV infection in the majority of kidney transplant recipients, reducing antiviral drug‐associated toxicities and healthcare‐related expenditures.
Factors associated with low graft regeneration in the early phase after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiro , Nagai Shunji , Collins Kelly M. , Safwan Mohamed , Rizzari Michael D. , Schnickel Gabriel T. , Yoshida Atsushi , Abouljoud Marwan S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAppropriate graft regeneration after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is crucial to avoid small‐for‐size syndrome. We enrolled 44 recipients who underwent ABO‐identical/compatible LDLT from December 2007 to August 2016 and determined possible factors associated with low graft regeneration after LDLT. Liver regeneration was calculated by the ratio of the graft size on postoperative day (POD) 7 ± 1 day (calculated by CT volumetry) to the size of the donated liver at implant. Postoperative outcomes were compared between the low and high regeneration groups. Median regeneration rate was 1.65‐fold. Regeneration rate was negatively correlated with graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio. Postoperative morbidity rates on POD 14‐90 were significantly higher in the low group compared with the high group (63% vs 18%, P = .03). Graft and patient survival in the low group were significantly worse than the high group (1‐year graft survival 73% vs 100%, P = .002; patient survival 82% vs 100%, P = .01). Cold ischemia time (CIT; per 10 minute; odds ratio [OR] =1.37) and platelet count <60 000/μL on POD 5 (OR = 14.32) were independently associated with low regeneration. In conclusion, longer CIT and postoperative thrombocytopenia were associated with low graft regeneration in the early phase after LDLT, which could consequently lead to poor graft and patient survival.
The incidence of fungal infections in pancreas transplant recipients in the absence of systemic antifungal prophylaxis
Authors: Shaikh Suhail A. , Zimmerman Asha , Nolan Annelise , Cooper Matthew , Abrams Peter L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of high‐level evidence identifying meaningful outcomes and the place in therapy for systemic perioperative antifungal prophylaxis (ppx) in pancreas transplant recipients. As our program does not routinely utilize systemic perioperative antifungal ppx in pancreas transplant recipients, we assessed the incidence of post‐transplant infectious complications.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective cohort study of consecutive adult pancreas transplant recipients between 01/2016 and 04/2018 to describe the incidence of fungal infections. Patients with a history of previous simultaneous pancreas‐kidney (SPK) transplant, HIV, or unexplained use of antifungal ppx after transplantation were excluded. The primary outcome was the incidence of fungal infections within 3 months after transplantation.ResultsAfter screening 60 patients, 56 met inclusion criteria. Within 3 months post‐transplantation, two (3.6%) patients had a positive fungal culture requiring systemic antifungal treatment. The sources for infection in both cases were intra‐abdominal fluid cultures, positive for Candida albicans. Both patients were treated with fluconazole. Allograft‐related outcomes included a 6‐month pancreas graft survival of 91.1% and pancreas transplant rejection incidence of 10.7%.ConclusionIn this single‐center experience, pancreas transplant recipients not receiving systemic antifungal ppx had similar infectious and graft‐related outcomes to what is reported in literature.
A previously unrecognized Ankyrin‐1 mutation associated with Hereditary Spherocytosis in an Italian family
Authors: Lazzareschi Ilaria , Curatola Antonietta , Pedicelli Cristina , Castiglia Daniele , Buonsenso Danilo , Gatto Antonio , Attinà Giorgio , Valentini Piero 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHereditary spherocytosis is the most common inherited hemolytic anemia characterized by the presence of spherical‐shaped erythrocytes on peripheral blood smear. The clinical manifestations of HS are highly variable, from severe forms to asymptomatic forms. HS is caused by defects in red blood cell membrane proteins, encoded by the ANK1, EPB42, SLC4A1, SPTA1 and SPTB genes. Mutation of the ANK 1 gene is the most common and inheritance is autosomal dominant in 75% of cases. In our case, heterozygous an ANK1 c.4123C > T mutation was identified in a 4‐year‐old girl, using targeted next‐generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing.