bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFORMED OPTIONS TRADING BEFORE AUDITOR CHANGE ANNOUNCEMENTS
Authors: Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this article I examine the information content of options trading before auditor change announcements. Preannouncement abnormal implied volatility (IV) skew is negatively and significantly related to cumulative abnormal returns around auditor change announcements. The predictive power of abnormal IV skew is stronger for announcements of negative auditor changes and when the options market is more liquid, and is weaker when information has already been incorporated in the stock market. The results are robust to a placebo test and an alternative measure of informed options trading. Overall results suggest that informed options trading predicts auditor change announcement returns.
Association Between Daily Sleep Duration and Risk of Dementia and Mortality in a Japanese Community
Authors: Ohara Tomoyuki , Honda Takanori , Hata Jun , Yoshida Daigo , Mukai Naoko , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Shibata Mao , Kishimoto Hiro , Kitazono Takanari , Kanba Shigenobu , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between daily sleep duration and risk of dementia and death in a Japanese elderly population.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe Hisayama Study, Japan.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling Japanese individuals aged 60 and older without dementia.MeasurementsSelf‐reported daily sleep duration was grouped into 5 categories (<5.0, 5.0–6.9, 7.0–7.9, 8.0–9.9, ≥10.0 hours). The association between daily sleep duration and risk of dementia and death was determined using a Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 294 participants developed dementia, and 282 died. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rates of dementia and all‐cause mortality were significantly greater in subjects with daily sleep duration of less than 5.0 hours and 10.0 hours and more than in those with daily sleep duration of 5.0 to 6.9 hours. These associations remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounding factors (<5.0 hours: hazard ratio (HR)=2.64, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.38–5.05 for dementia; HR=2.29, 95% CI=1.15–4.56 for death; ≥10.0 hours: HR=2.23, 95% CI=1.42–3.49 for dementia; HR=1.67, 95% CI=1.07–2.60 for death). Similar U‐shaped associations were observed for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. With regard to the influence of hypnotic use on risk of dementia and death, subjects who used hypnotics and had any sleep duration had a risk of dementia that was 1.66 times as great and a risk of death that was 1.83 times as great as those who did not use hypnotics and had a daily sleep duration of 5.0 to 6.9 hours.ConclusionShort and long daily sleep duration and hypnotic use are risk factors for dementia and death in Japanese elderly adults.
Effects of oral health education in Myanmar preschool children and guardians
Authors: Thwin Kaung Myat , Zaitsu Takashi , Ueno Masayuki , Kawaguchi Yoko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oral health education on preschool children’s oral health status and habits, and their guardian’s oral health knowledge.MethodsA 1‐year interventional study was conducted for 201 preschool children from January 2016 to January 2017. A questionnaire survey and clinical oral examination were performed at baseline and at 1‐year follow up. A 30‐min oral health education session was given to children and their teachers and guardians separately by a dentist every 6 months. The impact of health education was evaluated by assessing the changes in guardians’ questionnaires and children’s oral health status during the 1‐year period.ResultsThe mean oral health knowledge scores of guardians significantly increased from 8.0 ± 2.0 at baseline to 9.0 ± 2.5 at 1‐year follow up (P < .001). Most oral health habits, except drinking water after eating, significantly improved at 1‐year follow up. Significant decreases in debris score (P = .008) and gingival score (P < .001) were found.ConclusionComprehensive oral health education was shown to improve guardians’ knowledge of oral hygiene, and oral health habits and status of their children. It is necessary to adopt a comprehensive oral health‐promotion program involving oral health‐care professionals, parents, and teachers.
The m6A‐epitranscriptomic signature in neurobiology: from neurodevelopment to brain plasticity
Authors: Widagdo Jocelyn , Anggono Victor 
Published: June 2018

AbstractResearch over the past decade has provided strong support for the importance of various epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA and histone modifications in regulating activity‐dependent gene expression in the mammalian central nervous system. More recently, the emerging field of epitranscriptomics revealed an equally important role of post‐transcriptional RNA modifications in shaping the transcriptomic landscape of the brain. This review will focus on the methylation of the adenosine base at the N6 position, termed N6 methyladenosine (m6A), which is the most abundant internal modification that decorates eukaryotic messenger RNAs. Given its prevalence and dynamic regulation in the adult brain, the m6A‐epitranscriptome provides an additional layer of regulation on RNA that can be controlled in a context‐ and stimulus‐dependent manner. Conceptually, m6A serves as a molecular switch that regulates various aspects of RNA function, including splicing, stability, localization, or translational control. The versatility of m6A function is typically determined through interaction or disengagement with specific classes of m6A‐interacting proteins. Here we review recent advances in the field and provide insights into the roles of m6A in regulating brain function, from development to synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. We also discuss how aberrant m6A signaling may contribute to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Scales of predator detection behavior and escape in Fissurella limbata: A field and laboratory assessment
Authors: Manzur Tatiana , Gonzalez‐Mendez Avia , Broitman Bernardo R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe consumptive effects of predators are widely acknowledged, but predation can also impact prey populations through non‐consumptive effects (NCEs) such as costly antipredator behavioral responses. The magnitude of antipredator behavioral responses by prey is determined by an assessment of risk using sensory cues, which in turn is modulated by the environmental context. We studied the detection behavior and escape response of the keyhole limpet Fissurella limbata from the predatory sea star Heliaster helianthus. Through laboratory and field experimental trials, we quantified the distance and time of predator detection behavior by the prey, and measured their active escape responses when elicited. We found that predator detection by the limpet was chiefly mediated by distance, with experimental individuals capable of detecting predator presence effectively up to distances of at least 50 cm in the field and 70 cm under laboratory conditions. Our results indicate that this prey species is able to evaluate the proximity of its predator and use it as an indication of predation risk; therefore, predator–prey distance appears to be a primary predictor of the magnitude of the antipredator response. Given the tight relationship between predator distance and prey movement and the important role herbivores can play, particularly in this ecosystem, we expect that NCEs will cascade to the patterns of abundance and composition of rocky shore communities through changes in prey foraging behavior under risk.
Methane flux dynamics in relation to methanogenic and methanotrophic populations in the soil of Indian Sundarban mangroves
Authors: Das Subhajit , Ganguly Dipnarayan , Chakraborty Sabyasachi , Mukherjee Abhishek , Kumar De Tarun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe dynamics of methane (CH4) flux in relation to populations of methanogenic and methanotrophic bacteria was studied under the different biophysical conditions of the Indian Sundarban mangrove ecosystem. Soil depth profile analysis (up to 60 cm) in the lower littoral zone (LLZ) revealed that a methanogenic population of 6.45 ± 0.19 × 104 cells/g dry weight (dry wt) of soil accounted for a CH4 production rate of 6.23 ± 3.53 × 103 µmol m−2 day−1, whereas in the surface soil, a methanogenic population of 3.34 ± 0.37 × 104 cells/g dry wt of soil accounted for a CH4 production rate of 31.6 ± 0.57 µmol m−2 day−1. The CH4 oxidation rate at 60 cm depth in the LLZ was 24.42 ± 1.28 µmol m−2 day−1, with an average methanotrophic population of 1.33 ± 0.43 × 104 cells/g dry wt of soil, whereas in the surface soil, the oxidation rate and average population were 3.38 ± 1.43 × 103 µmol m−2 day−1 and 12.80 ± 2.54 × 104 cells/g dry wt of soil, respectively. A similar soil profile in terms of CH4 dynamics and the populations of methanogenic and methanotrophic bacteria was found in the mid‐littoral and upper littoral zones of the studied area. The results demonstrate that most of the produced CH4 (approximately 60%) was oxidized by methanotrophic bacteria present in the soil, thus revealing their principal role in regulating the CH4 flux from this unique ecosystem.
Mechanisms accounting for variations in the proportions of carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites in different mass ranges
Authors: Rubin Alan E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe number ratio of carbonaceous to ordinary chondrites (the CC/OC ratio) varies with mass. It is very high (≳90) in small mass ranges (10−8 to 10−12 kg) among interplanetary dust particles and micrometeorites; it is moderately high (~5 to 30) for 1 to 10 m size fireball meteoroids (with estimated masses between ~103 and ~106 kg). In the range of most normal‐sized meteorite falls (0.01–20 kg), the ratio is low (0.04–0.05); the ratio increases at greater mass ranges: at ≥200 kg, the ratio is 0.09; at ≥500 kg, the ratio is 0.20. The CC/OC ratio also increases from 0.05 to 0.16 for small meteorite finds (10−3 to 10−4 kg). High CC/OC ratios at low and high mass ranges are due to the predominance of CC material in the outer solar system. Small particles from this region spiral into the inner solar system typically in ≤106 years due to Poynting–Robertson drag. Meter‐sized meteoroids in this region are affected by Yarkovsky forces, pushing them into resonances where they are efficiently transferred to the inner solar system. Normal‐sized meteorites are derived from centimeter‐to‐decimeter‐sized meteoroids that have sluggish drift rates (i.e., they are less affected by the seasonal Yarkovsky effect) compared to larger bodies. Consequently, the centimeter‐to‐decimeter‐sized meteoroids spend more time in interplanetary space (where they are subject to collisions) than larger objects. The greater friability of carbonaceous chondrites relative to ordinary chondrites tends to winnow the carbonaceous chondrites out in this size/mass range during their long interplanetary sojourn, thereby decreasing the CC/OC ratio.
The second messenger cyclic di‐AMP negatively regulates the expression of Mycobacterium smegmatis recA and attenuates DNA strand exchange through binding to the C‐terminal motif of mycobacterial RecA proteins
Authors: Manikandan Kasi , Prasad Deepika , Srivastava Ankita , Singh Nirpendra , Dabeer Sadaf , Krishnan Anuja , Muniyappa K. , Sinha Krishna Murari 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCyclic di‐GMP and cyclic di‐AMP are second messengers produced by a wide variety of bacteria. They influence bacterial cell survival, biofilm formation, virulence and bacteria–host interactions. However, many of their cellular targets and biological effects are yet to be determined. A chemical proteomics approach revealed that Mycobacterium smegmatis RecA (MsRecA) possesses a high‐affinity cyclic di‐AMP binding activity. We further demonstrate that both cyclic di‐AMP and cyclic di‐GMP bind specifically to the C‐terminal motif of MsRecA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA (MtRecA). Escherichia coli RecA (EcRecA) was devoid of cyclic di‐AMP binding but have cyclic di‐GMP binding activity. Notably, cyclic di‐AMP attenuates the DNA strand exchange promoted by MsRecA as well as MtRecA through the disassembly of RecA nucleoprotein filaments. However, the structure and DNA strand exchange activity of EcRecA nucleoprotein filaments remain largely unaffected. Furthermore, M. smegmatis ΔdisA cells were found to have undetectable RecA levels due to the translational repression of recA mRNA. Consequently, the ΔdisA mutant exhibited enhanced sensitivity to DNA‐damaging agents. Altogether, this study points out the importance of sequence diversity among recA genes, the role(s) of cyclic di‐AMP and reveals a new mode of negative regulation of recA gene expression, DNA repair and homologous recombination in mycobacteria.
Exposure to tobacco smoke prenatally and during infancy and risk of hearing impairment among children in Japan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wilunda Calistus , Yoshida Satomi , Tanaka Shiro , Kanazawa Yuji , Kimura Takeshi , Kawakami Koji 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies of the association between tobacco smoke and hearing loss in children are limited, involve small samples and are cross‐sectional. We investigated the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure to tobacco smoke at age 4 months with hearing impairment at age 3 years in children.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective cohort study included 50 734 children born between 2004 and 2010 in Kobe City, Japan. Smoking during pregnancy and exposure to tobacco smoke at 4 months was measured using parent‐reported questionnaires. Hearing impairment was determined by the whispered voice test.ResultsOf the included children, 3.8% were exposed to smoking only during pregnancy; 3.9% were exposed only to second‐hand smoke at 4 months; and 0.9% were exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and at 4 months. The prevalence of hearing impairment at age 3 years was 4.6%. Compared with children not exposed to tobacco smoke prenatally and at 4 months, the risk of hearing impairment was elevated in children exposed to only maternal past smoking during pregnancy (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13, 1.40), only second‐hand smoke at 4 months (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07, 1.56), only smoking during pregnancy (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.42, 2.00) and smoking during pregnancy and second‐hand smoke at 4 months (RR 2.35, 95% CI 1.79, 3.10).ConclusionsExposure to tobacco smoke prenatally and postnatally was associated with hearing impairment in children. A prevention of smoking before and during pregnancy and exposure to second‐hand smoke postnatally may reduce hearing impairment risk in children.
Oral manifestations and rehabilitation in Fraser syndrome: A case report
Authors: Gallottini Marina , Llanos Alexandre Hugo , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Romano Marcelo Munhóes , de Oliveira Felipe Beraldo , de Rezende Nathalie Pepe Medeiros 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFraser syndrome (FS) is a rare recessive autosomal genetic disorder characterized by multisystemic malformations typically comprising cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and renal defects. We report the case of a 16‐year‐old patient who exhibited facial asymmetry, short roots, hypodontia, and malocclusion. Oral rehabilitation included orthodontics, exodontia, and osseointegrated dental implants to improve the patient's self‐esteem and eating function. We suggest short roots and hypodontia assessment in patients with FS.
Lockean Essentialism and the Possibility of Miracles
Authors: Rockwood Nathan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIf the laws of nature are metaphysically necessary, then it appears that miracles are metaphysically impossible. Yet Locke accepts both essentialism, which takes the laws to be metaphysically necessary, and the possibility of miracles. I argue that the apparent conflict here can be resolved if the laws are by themselves insufficient for guaranteeing the outcome of a particular event. This suggests that, on Locke's view, the laws of nature entail how an object would behave absent divine intervention. While other views of laws also make miracles counterfactually dependent on God's will, I show how this view is consistent with the essentialist commitment to the view that the laws are metaphysically necessary. Further, I argue that Locke's view is a relatively attractive version of essentialism, in part, because it allows for the possibility of miracles.
Egyptian blue pigment in East Mediterranean wall paintings: A study of the lifetime of its optical infrared emission
Authors: Linn R. , Comelli D. , Valentini G. , Mosca S. , Nevin A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study presents advances in the application of laser‐based methods to image and measure the luminescence lifetime of historical wall paintings containing Egyptian blue. Samples from Tel Kabri, a major Canaanite palace dated to 18th C. BCE, from the Roman city of Caesarea Maritima, from the 4–5th C. Byzantine tomb in Lohamei HaGeta'ot, and from a 6th C. Byzantine church of Shivta have been studied using time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging. Taking into account the high sensitivity of the emission lifetime to the microenvironment surrounding the emitting species, here, we show for the first time that the optical emission from historical samples containing Egyptian blue particles exhibits meaningful lifetime variations. Indeed, the wall paintings from Tel Kabri, Lohamei HaGeta'ot, and Shivta present the shortest emission lifetime, close to 115–120 μs. However, samples from Caesarea Maritima wall paintings exhibit a different optical emission, which dumps more slowly with an average lifetime of 130 μs. Egyptian blue pigment particles, synthetised with modern methods, are associated with the longest emission lifetime of 147 μs. This study suggests that there is a possible link between the lifetime of the pigment's emission and its synthesis method.
Birthing experience and quality of life after vacuum delivery and second‐stage caesarean section: a prospective cohort study in Uganda
Authors: Nolens Barbara , van den Akker Thomas , Lule John , Twinomuhangi Sulphine , van Roosmalen Jos , Byamugisha Josaphat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess perceptions of women undergoing vacuum extraction or second‐stage caesarean section (SSCS) in a tertiary referral hospital in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsProspective cohort study, with six‐month follow‐up, of women who gave birth to a term singleton in cephalic presentation by vacuum extraction (n = 289) or SSCS (n = 357) between 25 November 2014, to 8 July 2015, in Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Excluded were women who had failed vacuum extraction, severe birth complications and those whose babies had died. Outcome measures were birthing experience satisfaction, physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF‐12 quality‐of‐life questionnaire, pain scores and dyspareunia.ResultsOne day after vacuum extraction, 63.7% (181/284) of women were feeling well vs. 48.1% (167/347) after SSCS (OR 1.89; 95%CI 1.37–2.61) and mean pain sores were 2.70 vs. 3.87 (P < 0.001). In both groups, >90% of women were satisfied with their birthing experience. At six weeks, in vacuum extraction vs. SSCS, mean pain sores were 0.40 vs. 0.89 (P < 0.001); mean PCS was 48.67 vs. 44.03 (P < 0.001); mean MCS was 52.80 vs. 51.23 (P = 0.203); 40% (70/175) vs. 28.3% (70/247) of women had resumed sexual intercourse (OR 1.69; 95%CI 1.12–2.54) and 21.4% (15/70) vs. 28.6% (20/70) had dyspareunia (OR 0.68; 95%CI 0.32–1.47). No differences were found at six months after birth.ConclusionOne day and six weeks after birth, outcomes were better in women who had vacuum extraction. At six months, outcomes were similar. To promote quick recovery, vacuum extraction should be the first intervention considered in the second stage of labour.
Secretory vesicle trafficking in awake and anaesthetized mice: differential speeds in axons versus synapses
Authors: Knabbe Johannes , Nassal Joris Paul , Verhage Matthijs , Kuner Thomas 
Published: June 2018

Key points
Despite their immense physiological and pathophysiological importance, we know very little about the biology of dense core vesicle (DCV) trafficking in the intact mammalian brain.
DCVs are transported at similar average speeds in the anaesthetized and awake mouse brain compared to neurons in culture, yet maximal speed and pausing fraction of transport were higher.
Microtubule plus (+)‐end extension imaging visualized microtubular growth at 0.12 μm/s and revealed that DCVs were transported faster in the anterograde direction.
DCV transport slowed down upon presynaptic bouton approach, possibly promoting synaptic localization and cargo release.
Our work provides a basis to extrapolate DCV transport properties determined in cultured neurons to the intact mouse brain and reveals novel features such as slowing upon bouton approach and brain state‐dependent trafficking directionality.
AbstractNeuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) transport many cargo molecules like neuropeptides and neurotrophins to their release sites in dendrites or axons. The transport properties of DCVs in axons of the intact mammalian brain are unknown. We used viral expression of a DCV cargo reporter (NPY‐Venus/Cherry) in the thalamus and two‐photon in vivo imaging to visualize axonal DCV trafficking in thalamocortical projections of anaesthetized and awake mice. We found an average speed of 1 μm/s, maximal speeds of up to 5 μm/s and a pausing fraction of ∼11%. Directionality of transport differed between anaesthetized and awake mice. In vivo microtubule +‐end extension imaging using MACF18‐GFP revealed microtubular growth at 0.12 μm/s and provided positive identification of antero‐ and retrograde axonal transport. Consistent with previous reports, anterograde transport was faster (∼2.1 μm/s) than retrograde transport (∼1.4 μm/s). In summary, DCVs are transported with faster maximal speeds and lower pausing fraction in vivo compared to previous results obtained in vitro. Finally, we found that DCVs slowed down upon presynaptic bouton approach. We propose that this mechanism promotes synaptic localization and cargo release.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum JMCC0013, Isolated from Traditional Chinese Fermented Milk
Authors: Wang Shijie , Feng Lili , Zhang Dong , Xue Yuling , Xun Yiping , Ke Yuehua , Zhu Hong 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Fermented food products have been consumed for thousands of years in China, so fermented Chinese foods may contain huge lactic acid bacterial resources. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a
Lactobacillus plantarum
isolate, JMCC0013, collected from traditional Chinese fermented milk, which provides a precious resource for the genomic analysis of
Lactobacillus
strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of Melissococcus plutonius DAT561, a Strain That Shows an Unusual Growth Profile, Obtained by PacBio Sequencing
Authors: Okumura Kayo , Takamatsu Daisuke , Okura Masatoshi 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Melissococcus plutonius
is the causative agent of European foulbrood, and its isolates were believed to be remarkably genetically homogeneous. However, recent epidemiological and pathogenic studies have shown this pathogen to be more heterogeneous than expected. Herein, we present the whole-genome sequence of
M. plutonius
DAT561, a representative atypical strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Lichen-Forming Fungus Ramalina intermedia Strain YAF0013
Authors: Wang Yi , Yuan Xiaolong , Chen Li , Wang Xinyu , Li Changtian 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we report a draft genome sequence of
Ramalina intermedia
strain YAF0013. The functional annotation of
R. intermedia
provides important information related to its ability to produce secondary metabolites. The genome sequence reported here builds the basis for further genome mining.