bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid and serum leptin levels in periodontally healthy chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ahuja Charu R. , Kolte Abhay P. , Kolte Rajashri A. , Gupta Madhur , Chari Suresh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum leptin levels and glycemic status in periodontally healthy patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsNinety patients were divided into three groups: periodontally healthy (group 1), CP (group 2) and CP with T2DM (group 3). The groups were evaluated for clinical parameters of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, gingival index, biochemical parameters of GCF, serum leptin levels, and glycemic status pre‐ and post‐NSPT.ResultsThe baseline PPD and CAL for group 2 was 4.98 ± 0.49 mm and 5.35 ± 0.55 mm, respectively; for group 3 it was 5.60 ± 0.38 mm and 6.01 ± 0.38 mm, respectively. There was a considerable reduction in these parameters post‐NSPT, with group 2 showing better resolution. Pretreatment serum leptin levels revealed increasing values from group 1 to group 3 and decreasing GCF values from group 3 to group 1, exhibiting an inverse relationship. Group 3 also showed an improvement in glycemic status post‐NSPT.ConclusionNSPT was effective in improving clinical parameters, increasing GCF, reducing serum leptin levels, and also improving glycemic status in patients with CP and CP with T2DM.
A mathematical insight into cell labelling experiments for clonal analysis
Authors: Picco Noemi , Hippenmeyer Simon , Rodarte Julio , Streicher Carmen , Molnár Zoltán , Maini Philip K. , Woolley Thomas E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Studying the progression of the proliferative and differentiative patterns of neural stem cells at the individual cell level is crucial to the understanding of cortex development and how the disruption of such patterns can lead to malformations and neurodevelopmental diseases. However, our understanding of the precise lineage progression programme at single‐cell resolution is still incomplete due to the technical variations in lineage‐tracing approaches. One of the key challenges involves developing a robust theoretical framework in which we can integrate experimental observations and introduce correction factors to obtain a reliable and representative description of the temporal modulation of proliferation and differentiation. In order to obtain more conclusive insights, we carry out virtual clonal analysis using mathematical modelling and compare our results against experimental data. Using a dataset obtained with Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers, we illustrate how the theoretical description can be exploited to interpret and reconcile the disparity between virtual and experimental results.
Laparoscopic uterosacral ligament colpopexy for apical support in addition to hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Nishimura Kazuaki , Yoshimura Kazuaki , Hoshino Kaori , Myoga Mai , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Hachisuga Toru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the perioperative complications and the anatomical outcomes of our laparoscopic uterosacral ligament (USL) colpopexy, which is a novel laparoscopic technique for the management of uterine prolapse. The objective was to report on outcome after 2 years of a technique using laparoscopic USL colpopexy.MethodsA total of 152 uterine prolapse patients underwent laparoscopic USL colpopexy from May 2013 to April 2015. We described the surgical technique and performed a retrospective analysis of this laparoscopic technique. Patients underwent standardized assessment and examination using pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP‐Q) score. The dependent values of Ba point (bladder), C point (vaginal cuff) and Bp point (rectum) were recorded preoperatively, and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of postoperative examination. Pre/postoperative data were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsMean age, operative time and amount of hemorrhage were 68.2 ± 7.5 years, 118.3 ± 36.4 min and 60.5 ± 73.3 mL, respectively. Overall recurrent prolapse, which was defined as POP‐Q stage II or higher, was noted in 29 patients (19%). However, only 2 patients presented recurrent rectocele among 51 patients with preoperative POP‐Q stage II of uterine prolapse alone (recurrence rate; 3.9%). The pre/postoperative average POP‐Q scores were −0.2/−2.7 cm (P < 0.05) at Ba point, −1.9/−5.1 cm (P < 0.05) at C point and −2.4/−2.3 cm (P = 0.06) at Bp point.ConclusionLaparoscopic visualization of uterosacral ligaments may result in safe colpopexy. Our results show this will be a useful procedure for apical support as native tissue repair.
Effects of oral supplementation in the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients: A meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: de Menêses Amanda Gomes , Normando Ana Gabriela Costa , Porto de Toledo Isabela , Reis Paula Elaine Diniz , Guerra Eliete Neves Silva 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effects of oral supplementation on the management of oral mucositis in patients with cancer undergoing chemo and/or radiation therapy.MethodThis is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The search was performed at 6 databases, and in the gray literature. Methodology of included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool, and evidence quality was assessed by GRADE instrument.ResultsTwelve randomized clinical trials were included in this review. The oral supplementation used was an oral elemental diet with amino acids and minerals (elental), glutamine, and zinc. The majority of the studies included in this review showed benefits in delaying the occurrence of OM by using glutamine and zinc, and in reducing the severity of OM with glutamine, zinc, and elental in patients receiving chemoradiotherapy. The meta‐analysis showed that the risk of oral mucositis in the zinc group was slightly lower than in the control (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53‐0.96, P = 0.02, n = 982) while the glutamine group presented the same risk as the control (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.78‐1.05, P = 0.19, n = 314). The evidence quality suggested low confidence for zinc and glutamine studies in the estimated effect from the outcomes assessed.ConclusionsZinc is a promising strategy in the management of oral mucositis since it delayed the occurrence and reduced its severity. Glutamine and Elental, on the other hand, had no strong evidence in the prevention and/or treatment of oral mucositis in patients with cancer.
Oral lichenoid dysplasia and not oral lichen planus undergoes malignant transformation at high rates
Authors: Shearston Kate , Fateh Behrooz , Tai Shixiong , Hove Dzikamai , Farah Camile S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesOral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) include a variety of mucosal lesions such as oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) and oral lichenoid dysplasia (OLD). Their rate of malignant transformation ranges from 0% to 34% and is dependent on OPMD type, lesion site and a range of risk factors. This study seeks to determine the proportion of oral lichenoid conditions that transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in an Australian population.MethodsThe study is a retrospective audit of patients from a private oral medicine clinic, diagnosed with OLP, OLL or OLD using clinical and histopathological data between 2006 and 2014. Patients were cross‐matched with Cancer Registry data for OSCC, and the rate and time to malignant transformation determined.ResultsOLP and OLL patients displayed a low risk of malignant transformation; 0.49% (1/206) for OLP and 0% (0/31) for OLL. In contrast, OLD patients, all of whom presented clinically as OLP, were at much higher risk with 6.81% (3/44) developing OSCC over an average time of 4.6 years (±2.4 SD). Rates of smoking and alcohol consumption were no higher in OLD patients compared to others.ConclusionsCompared with other oral lichenoid conditions, OLD lesions are at a particularly high risk of malignant transformation and should be managed based on the presence of dysplasia and not the lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate. OLP demonstrates a relatively low rate of malignant transformation. Diagnostic histopathology is important for discriminating OLP from OLD.
From being alone to being the only one: Neuroticism is associated with an egocentric shift in an alone context
Authors: Uziel Liad , Seemann Martina , Schmidt‐Barad Tomer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis research presents evidence for an egocentric shift occurring among individuals high in Neuroticism by the mere thought—and actual state—of being alone.MethodFour experiments and one experience sampling study (N = 719). In the experiments, Neuroticism was measured, and participants were randomly primed to adopt either an alone or a “with others” social context mind‐set. The experiments measured different expressions of egocentrism. Study 1 measured perspective‐taking, Study 2a was focused on social value orientation, Study 2b measured money allocation in a dictator game, and Study 3 measured self‐reported and behavioral interpersonal trust. Trust was also the focus of Study 4, a 5‐day experience sampling study.ResultsIn an alone mind‐set, high (vs. low) Neuroticism individuals were more likely to adopt an egocentric perspective in evaluating social stimuli (Study 1) and to adopt a selfish approach to money allocation (Studies 2a, 2b). Studies 3 and 4 addressed the source of the shift, showing that in an alone mind‐set (Study 3) and in an actual alone state (Study 4), Neuroticism was associated with reduced interpersonal trust.ConclusionsFor high‐Neuroticism individuals, thinking about—and actually being—alone induces a sense that they only have themselves to rely on.
Using picture books to develop critical visual literacy in primary schools: challenges of a dialogic approach
Authors: Papen Uta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents findings from a collaborative project on critical visual literacy in primary schools. In the project, we (a researcher and a teacher) implemented a series of picture book discussions with children in years 5 and 6. Our first aim was to develop the children's ability to analyse the visual images in picture books and how authors/illustrators use these, together with writing, to communicate specific ideas. The second aim was to promote a dialogic lesson in which the children would lead the talk. In the paper, I discuss the challenges we faced in reaching our aims. My data include observation notes and audio recordings of the sessions and of discussions with the children. In the analysis, I examine the roles we took on, for example, as extenders and clarifiers of the children's talk. However, unbeknown to us at the start, our two project aims turned out to be in conflict with each other. While the children enjoyed looking closely at the pictures and discussing the books' possible meanings, without repeated questions and prompts, they focused on the book as story not on how it was constructed by the author and illustrator. This required a more teacher‐focused approach than what we had planned.
Phylogeography of the rocky intertidal periwinkle Echinolittorina paytensis through a biogeographic transition zone in the Southeastern Pacific
Authors: Barahona Sergio P. , Vélez‐Zuazo Ximena , Santa‐Maria Monica , Pacheco Aldo S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBarriers to dispersal are recognized to play an important role in the differentiation of populations and ultimately in speciation. In the southeast Pacific, on the northern coast of Peru, a transition zone between the Peruvian and Panamic marine biogeographic provinces exists. Here, the convergence between two contrasting surface currents could generate a barrier effect for the larval dispersal of meroplanktonic invertebrates, which could in turn generate differentiated populations or genetic lineages on both sides of the transition zone. To address this, we studied to Echinolittorina paytensis, an abundant rocky intertidal periwinkle that spans both biogeographic provinces. A total of 95 individuals from Ecuador (2°19′S) to central Peru (7°31′S), covering the Panamic Province, the Peruvian Province, and the transition zone between, were collected. The mitochondrial markers cytochrome c oxidase I and 16SrRNA were sequenced in order to investigate phylogeography and genetic structuring. In general, no genetic structuring was found across the transition zone, suggesting this biogeographic boundary would not be acting as a barrier in this species. Factors such as a high larval dispersal capability and the occurrence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation events such as El Niño are discussed.
Scopulariopsis/Microascus isolation in lung transplant recipients: A report of three cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Huang Linna , Chen Wenhui , Guo Lijuan , Zhao Li , Cao Bin , Liu Yingmei , Lu Binghuai , Li Binbin , Chen Jingyu , Wang Chen 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe current knowledge of invasive Scopulariopsis/Microascus infection in lung transplantation has been derived from only four case reports. Although these fungi are uncommon compared with Aspergillus, they are highly resistant to the current antifungal agents, and the mortality is extremely high. To explore the risk factors, clinical manifestations, notable diagnostic characteristics and outcomes of positive Scopulariopsis/Microascus isolation in lung transplantation patients. We included all cases with positive Scopulariopsis/Microascus isolation from lower respiratory tracts or bronchial mucosa biopsies in our lung transplantation centre. Proven cases from the literature were added. Positive isolation occurred in 2% (3/157) in our centre. Four cases from the literature were added. The mortality could be considered as high as 80%, once the two cases of colonisation were excluded. The average interval between transplantation and positive isolation was 106 (19‐131) days. A total of 57.1% of patients had experienced a combination of infection with Aspergillus or other fungi as well as long‐term azole antifungal agent treatment before the positive isolation, which may be possible risk factors. The combination of micafungin, posaconazole and terbinafine may be an effective treatment. The peak time of positive isolation was consistent with that of some opportunistic pathogens, and the possible risk factors were the infection of other fungi as well as prior long‐term azole antifungal administration. In addition to its high mortality, Scopulariopsis/Microascus was also highly resistant to common antifungal agents and the combination of two or three drugs for therapy was recommended.
Regulation of stress‐induced gastric ulcers via central oxytocin and a potential mechanism through the VTA‐NAc dopamine pathway
Authors: Leng Hui , Zhang Xiaoqian , Wang Qian , Luan Xiao , Sun Xiangrong , Guo Feifei , Gao Shengli , Liu Xuehuan , Xu Luo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundOxytocin (OT) plays an important role in regulating gastric function. How OT regulates stress‐induced gastric ulcers is not understood. We investigated OT's protective role in stress‐induced gastric ulcers, with a focus on OT's interaction with the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine pathway.MethodsDrugs administration into the rats brain nuclei by brain stereotaxic apparatus, to examine related changes in gastric ulcer index, pH of gastric content, and mucus secretion, and to determine complex interactions between OT and DA systems in the regulation of stress and gastric functions.Key ResultsNeurons in the VTA were co‐immunoreactive for the OT receptor (OTR) and DA. In a rat model of stress‐induced ulcer, water‐immersion restricted stress, direct administration of OT into the VTA significantly reduced gastric ulcer index and increased the pH of gastric content and mucus secretion. OT's effects were eliminated by pretreatment with the OTR antagonist atosiban in the VTA and weakened with pretreatment of the DA D2 receptor (DA D2R) antagonist raclopride in the NAc. In OTR gene knockout (Oxtr−/−) mice, OT's protective effect was lost. OT administered to the VTA of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV)‐lesioned rats had minimal protective effects on gastric mucosa.Conclusions and InferencesThis study provides important data necessary for a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between OT and DA systems in the regulation of stress and gastric functions. It provides relevant mechanistic clues into OT's role as a protective factor against stress‐induced changes to gastric function.
The evolution of betalain biosynthesis in Caryophyllales
Authors: Timoneda Alfonso , Feng Tao , Sheehan Hester , Walker‐Hale Nathanael , Pucker Boas , Lopez‐Nieves Samuel , Guo Rui , Brockington Samuel 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWithin the angiosperm order Caryophyllales, an unusual class of pigments known as betalains can replace the otherwise ubiquitous anthocyanins. In contrast to the phenylalanine‐derived anthocyanins, betalains are tyrosine‐derived pigments which contain the chromophore betalamic acid. The origin of betalain pigments within Caryophyllales and their mutual exclusion with anthocyanin pigments have been the subject of considerable research. In recent years, numerous discoveries, accelerated by ‐omic scale data, phylogenetics and synthetic biology, have shed light on the evolution of the betalain biosynthetic pathway in Caryophyllales. These advances include the elucidation of the biosynthetic steps in the betalain pathway, identification of transcriptional regulators of betalain synthesis, resolution of the phylogenetic history of key genes, and insight into a role for modulation of primary metabolism in betalain synthesis. Here we review how molecular genetics have advanced our understanding of the betalain biosynthetic pathway, and discuss the impact of phylogenetics in revealing its evolutionary history. In light of these insights, we explore our new understanding of the origin of betalains, the mutual exclusion of betalains and anthocyanins, and the homoplastic distribution of betalain pigmentation within Caryophyllales. We conclude with a speculative conceptual model for the stepwise emergence of betalain pigmentation.
Leishmania infantum induces expression of the negative regulatory checkpoint, CTLA‐4, by human naïve CD8+ T cells
Authors: Viana Agostinho Gonçalves , Magalhães Luísa Mourão Dias , Giunchetti Rodolfo Cordeiro , Dutra Walderez O. , Gollob Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsCD8+ T cells are important in mediating protective responses to intracellular pathogens. However, an uncontrolled response may lead to pathology. The role of CD8+ T cells in different clinical manifestations of human leishmaniasis is controversial and poorly understood. We aim to study the response of CD8+ T cells to the first exposure to different strains of Leishmania, seeking to correlate these findings with clinical manifestations of disease.Methods and resultsWe have evaluated the expression of granzyme A, inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, as well as CTLA‐4 by human naïve CD8+ T cells exposed to Leishmania braziliensis and two different strains of Leishmania infantum in vitro. We observed that while exposure to L braziliensis induced an inflammatory profile, as measured by the expression of granzyme A, IFN‐gamma and IL‐17, as well as a higher IFN/IL‐10 ratio, exposure to L infantum led to a regulatory profile, as measured by lower IFN/IL‐10 ratio and higher expression of CTLA‐4.ConclusionThese results may help explain why patients with the visceral clinical form present a weaker cellular response and, consequently, a worse outcome of the disease. The use of CTLA‐4 checkpoint inhibitors may emerge as a potential immunotherapy to ameliorate the immune response in visceral leishmaniasis patients.
Salt stress differentially regulates mobilisation of carbon and nitrogen reserves during seedling establishment of Pityrocarpa moniliformis
Authors: da Silva H. A. , de Oliveira D. F. A. , Avelino A. P. , de Macêdo C. E. C. , Barros‐Galvão T. , Voigt E. L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Seedling establishment is a critical step in environment colonisation by higher plants that frequently occurs under adverse conditions. Thus, we carried out an integrated analysis of seedling growth, water status, ion accumulation, reserve mobilisation, metabolite partitioning and hydrolase activity during seedling establishment of the native Caatinga species Piptadenia moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R.W. Jobson under salinity.

Two‐day‐old seedlings were cultivated in vitro for 4 days in water agar (control) or supplemented with 50 or 100 mm NaCl. Biochemical determinations were performed according to standard spectrophotometric protocols.

We found that 100 mm NaCl stimulated starch degradation, amylase activity and soluble sugar accumulation, but limited storage protein hydrolysis in the cotyledons of P. moniliformis seedlings. Although Na+ accumulation in the seedling affected K+ partitioning between different organs, it was not possible to associate the salt‐induced changes in reserve mobilisation with Na+ toxicity, or water status, in the cotyledons. Remarkably, we found that starch content increased in the roots of P. moniliformis seedlings under 100 mm NaCl, probably in response to the toxic effects of Na+.

The mobilisation of carbon and nitrogen reserves is independently regulated in P. moniliformis seedlings under salt stress. The salt‐induced delay in seedling establishment and the resulting changes in the source–sink relationship may lead to storage protein retention in the cotyledons. Possibly, the intensification of starch mobilisation in the cotyledons supported starch accumulation in the root as a potential mechanism to mitigate Na+ toxicity.
Comparative analysis of genetic structures and aggressiveness of Fusarium pseudograminearum populations from two surveys undertaken in 2008 and 2015 at two sites in the wheat belt of Western Australia
Authors: Khudhair M. , Thatcher L. F. , Gardiner D. M. , Kazan K. , Roper M. M. , Aitken E. , Obanor F. 
Published: June 2019

Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused predominantly by Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp) in Australia, is an important fungal disease of wheat and barley. FCR causes significant yield losses and reduced grain quality worldwide. This study investigated the population dynamics of FCR‐causing F. pseudograminearum isolates from Western Australia (WA), a major wheat‐growing region. Wheat samples were collected from a total of seven different sites in 2008 and 2015. Two sites, Tammin and Karlgarin, with moderate to high FCR incidence, were intensively sampled in both years. The results revealed significant increase in Fp isolation frequency between 2008 and 2015. Over 86% of 1100 Fusarium isolates were Fp in 2015 compared with 59% of 639 isolates from 2008. Mating type idiomorphs, toxin chemotypes and population genetic structures were determined for a subset of 279 Fp isolates (132 isolates from 2008 and 165 from 2015). Mating type analysis revealed differences in MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 distributions between Tammin and Karlgarin for both years. Results also showed that 97.6% of Fp isolates analysed had the 3‐ADON trichothecene chemotype. Additionally, for the first time in Australia, the 15‐ADON chemotype was identified in 2.3% and 2.4% of Fp isolates from 2008 and 2015, respectively. The genetic structure of Fp population determined using 21 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers revealed a high level of genetic variation within and between populations. In addition, 2015 isolates from Tammin and Karlgarin were significantly more aggressive (P < 0.0001) than 2008 isolates. This finding may have implications in managing this significant fungal disease.