bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hubris and humility of cancer pharmacology in the post immuno‐oncology era
Authors: Lazo John S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCancer is a dreaded word, which has stimulated monumental efforts to discover and deliver effective cancer treatments for more than half a century. During the past two decades, our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cancer has increased remarkably. This has fostered an explosion in the number of experimental agents and clinical trials coupled with a dramatic rise in the regulatory approval of therapies for human cancers. Unfortunately, our preclinical models perform poorly as predictive platforms for the ultimate success of clinical candidates, reflecting the complexity of cancer. Moreover the common combination of cancer drugs prescribes the need for a better understanding of the fundamental pharmacology of each agent. Here I briefly outline some of the fundamental changes that have and have not occurred in cancer pharmacology during the past two decades and prognosticate on possible future directions.
Major explosion at Yibin Hengda Technology Company: The causes and lessons learned
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Yi , Zhao Dongfeng , Chen Jian , Wang Yanchun , Dong Hanhai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOn July 12, 2018, a devastatingly incident occurred in Yibin City at Hengda Technologyin Sichuan Province of China, which resulted in 19 deaths and 12 injuries. During the dehydration, the operator replaced butyramide with the unlabeled sodium chlorate and fed it into the reactor, which caused an explosion and fire because of the reaction of sodium chlorate with butyramide. The incident reflects the general deficiencies of process safety management in small and medium‐sized companies. This article presented a systematic analysis of the incident. The Fishbone Diagram Model was used to identify the influencing factors from six perspectives: people, design, management, environment, safety prevention, and materials. Furthermore, the main elements of process safety management, which include process hazard analysis, prestartup safety review, operation procedures, training, and emergency plan and response, are considered to analyze the incident to learn the lessons from the incident.
Krylov methods for adjoint‐free singular vector based perturbations in dynamical systems
Authors: Winkler Jens , Denhard Michael , Schmitt Bernhard A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe estimation of weather forecast uncertainty with ensemble systems requires a careful selection of perturbations to establish a reliable sampling of the error growth potential in the phase space of the model. Usually, the singular vectors of the tangent linear model propagator are used to identify the fastest growing modes (classical singular vector perturbation (SV) method). In this article we present an efficient matrix‐free block Krylov method for generating fast‐growing perturbations in high‐dimensional dynamical systems. A specific matrix containing the nonlinear evolution of perturbations is introduced, which we call Evolved Increment Matrix (EIM). Instead of solving an equivalent eigenvalue problem, we use the Arnoldi method for a direct approximation of the leading singular vectors of this matrix, which however is never computed explicitly. This avoids linear and adjoint models but requires forecasts with the full nonlinear system. The performance of the approximated perturbations is compared with singular vectors of a full EIM (not with the classical SV method). We show promising results for the Lorenz 96 differential equations and a shallow‐water model, where we obtain good approximations of the fastest‐growing perturbations by using only a small number of Arnoldi iterations.
Modulating the Mechanical Performance of Macroscale Fibers through Shear‐Induced Alignment and Assembly of Protein Nanofibrils
Authors: Kamada Ayaka , Levin Aviad , Toprakcioglu Zenon , Shen Yi , Lutz‐Bueno Viviane , Baumann Kevin N. , Mohammadi Pezhman , Linder Markus B. , Mezzenga Raffaele , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProtein‐based fibers are used by nature as high‐performance materials in a wide range of applications, including providing structural support, creating thermal insulation, and generating underwater adhesives. Such fibers are commonly generated through a hierarchical self‐assembly process, where the molecular building blocks are geometrically confined and aligned along the fiber axis to provide a high level of structural robustness. Here, this approach is mimicked by using a microfluidic spinning method to enable precise control over multiscale order during the assembly process of nanoscale protein nanofibrils into micro‐ and macroscale fibers. By varying the flow rates on chip, the degree of nanofibril alignment can be tuned, leading to an orientation index comparable to that of native silk. It is found that the Young's modulus of the resulting fibers increases with an increasing level of nanoscale alignment of the building blocks, suggesting that the mechanical properties of macroscopic fibers can be controlled through varying the level of ordering of the nanoscale building blocks. Capitalizing on strategies evolved by nature, the fabrication method allows for the controlled formation of macroscopic fibers and offers the potential to be applied for the generation of further novel bioinspired materials.
The Detectable Subspace for the Friedrichs Model
Authors: Brown B. M. , Marletta M. , Naboko S. , Wood I. G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses how much information on a Friedrichs model operator can be detected from ‘measurements on the boundary’. We use the framework of boundary triples to introduce the generalised Titchmarsh–WeylM-function and the detectable subspaces which are associated with the part of the operator which is ‘accessible from boundary measurements’. The Friedrichs model, a finite rank perturbation of the operator of multiplication by the independent variable, is a toy model that is used frequently in the study of perturbation problems. We view the Friedrichs model as a key example for the development of the theory of detectable subspaces, because it is sufficiently simple to allow a precise description of the structure of the detectable subspace in many cases, while still exhibiting a variety of behaviours. The results also demonstrate an interesting interplay between modern complex analysis, such as the theory of Hankel operators, and operator theory.
Correction to: How satisfied are cervical dystonia patients after 3 years of botulinum toxin type A treatment? Results from a prospective, long-term observational study
Authors: Colosimo Carlo , Charles David , Misra Vijay P. , Maisonobe Pascal , Om Savary ,   the INTEREST IN CD2 study group, Abdulnayef A. , Adatepe N. U. , Araujo Leite M. A. , Badarny S. , Bajenaru O. , Bares M. , Bejjani P. , Bergmans B. , Bhidayasiri R. , Bozic H. , Cardoso Costa F. E. , Carlstrom C. , Castelnovo G. , Chang M. H. , Chang Y. Y. , Chung T. M. , Coletti-Moja M. , Delvaux V. , Dioszhegy P. , Dogu O. , Duzynski W. , Ehler E. , Espinosa Sierra L. , Fabbrini G. , Ferreira J. , Ferreira Valadas A. , Foresti C. , Girlanda P. , Goh K. J. , Graca Velon A. , Grill S. , Gurevitch T. , Hadidi M. , Hamimed M. A. , Hamri A. , Harrower T. , Hassin S. , Hedera P. , Hernandez J. F. J. G. , Hernandez Franco J. , Ho B. , Ho S. L. , Hughes A. , Ilic T. , Inshasi J. S. , Ip C. W. , Jamieson S. , Jamora R. D. G. , Jech R. , Jeon B. S. , Kaminska A. , Karpova M. , Khasanova D. , Kim J. M. , Kim J. W. , Kok C. Y. , Korenko A. , Korv J. , Koussa S. , Kovacs T. , Kreisler A. , Krystkowiak P. , Kumthornthip W. , Lin C. H. , Lundin F. , Lus G. , Magalhaes M. , Masmoudi A. N. , Mercelis R. , Misbahuddin A. , Moebius C. , Mohammadi B. , Nazem B. , Ng K. , Nurlu G. , Nyberg J. , Nyholm D. , Ochudlo S. , Otruba P. , Pfister R. , Pirtosek Z. , Pokhabov D. , Quinones Aguilar S. , Quinones Canales G. , Raghev S. , Rickmann H. , Romano M. , Rosales R. L. , Rubanovits I. , Santilli V. , Schoels L. , Simonetta-Moreau M. , Simu M. A. , Sohn Y. H. , Soulayrol S. , Supe I. , Svetel M. , Sycha T. , Tan E. K. , Timerbaeva S. , Tokcaer A. B. , Trosch R. , Tugnoli V. , Tumas V. , Van der Linden C. , Vetra A. , Vial C. , Vidry E. , Williams D. , Wimalaratna S. , Yiannikas C. 
Published: October 2019

The article How satisfied are cervical dystonia patients after 3 years of botulinum toxin type A treatment?
Spatial and vertical distribution analysis of heavy metals in urban retention tanks sediments: a case study of Strzyza Stream
Authors: Nawrot N. , Wojciechowska E. , Matej-Łukowicz K. , Walkusz-Miotk J. , Pazdro K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Concentrations of seven heavy metals (HMs): Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Fe in core samples of bottom sediments from four retention tanks (RTs) located along the Strzyza Stream in northern Poland (Gdansk) were measured to obtain a general view of sediment quality. The recognition of contamination and potential environmental impacts is the main aim of this paper. A total of 96 sediment samples were collected from eight sampling sites at depths of 0–2 cm, 8–10 cm, 16–18 cm, 24–26 cm. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, Ni, and Cr were measured with AAS while Cd concentration was measured with ICP-MS. Granulometric analyses with normalized sieve apertures were carried out. Geochemical indices: enrichment factor, anthropogenic factor, and modified degree of contamination (mCd) were used to assess the contamination level. Concentrations of HMs in sediments changed in the range: Cu (3.24–119 mg/kg d.w.), Zn (12.5–584 mg/kg d.w.), Pb (4.91–309 mg/kg d.w.), Cd (0.003–0.716 mg/kg d.w.), Ni (1.57–25.8 mg/kg d.w.), Cr (2.45–74.5 mg/kg d.w.), and Fe (3993–63817 mg/kg d.w.). The sequential extraction verified the bonding of HMs with non-mobile fractions. Geochemical indices showed widespread pollution by Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn. Cluster and factor analysis distinguished three related subgroups of HMs: Pb, Ni–Cr, and Fe–Cd–Cu–Zn, suggesting possible common source of each subgroup. Strongly contaminated sediments were distinguished in sediment cores in two middle stream RTs characterized by intense urbanization in their direct catchments.
A unique case of two somatic APC mutations in an early onset cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and overview of the literature
Authors: Aydemirli M. D. , van der Tuin K. , Hes F. J. , van den Ouweland A. M. W. , van Wezel T. , Kapiteijn E. , Morreau H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report a case of a 22-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with a cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMV-PTC). While at early ages this thyroid cancer variant is highly suggestive for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), there was no family history of FAP. In the tumor biallelic, inactivating APC variants were identified. The patient tested negative for germline variants based on analysis of genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes. Somatic mosaicism was excluded by subsequent deep sequencing of leukocyte and normal thyroid DNA using next generation sequencing (NGS). This report presents a rare sporadic case of CMV-PTC, and to the best of our knowledge the first featuring two somatic APC mutations underlying the disease, with an overview of CMV-PTC cases with detected APC and CTNNB1 pathogenic variants from the literature.
A convolutional approach to quality monitoring for laser manufacturing
Authors: Gonzalez-Val Carlos , Pallas Adrian , Panadeiro Veronica , Rodriguez Alvaro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The extraction of meaningful features from the monitoring of laser processes is the foundation of new non-destructive quality inspection methods for the manufactured pieces, which has been and remains a growing interest in industry. We present ConvLBM, a novel approach to monitor Laser Based Manufacturing processes in real-time. ConvLBM uses a Convolutional Neural Network model to extract features and quality indicators from raw Medium Wavelength Infrared coaxial images. We demonstrate the ability of ConvLBM to represent process dynamics, and predict quality indicators in two scenarios: dilution estimation in Laser Metal Deposition, and location of defects in laser welding processes. Obtained results represent a breakthrough in the 3D printing of large metal parts, and in the quality control of welding processes. We are also releasing the first large dataset of annotated images of laser manufacturing.
Modelling the Gravitational Effects of Random Underground Density Variations
Authors: Ridley Kevin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA mathematical model for small-scale spatial variations in gravity above the Earth’s surface is presented. Gravity variations are treated as a Gaussian random process arising from underground density variations which are assumed to be a Gaussian random process. Expressions for two-point spatial statistics are calculated for both the vertical component of gravity and the vertical gradient of the vertical component. Results are given for two models of density variations: a delta-correlated model and a fractal model. The effect of an outer scale in the fractal model is investigated. It is shown how the results can be used to numerically generate realisations of gravity variations with fractal properties. Such numerical modelling could be useful for investigating the feasibility of using gravity surveys to locate and characterise underground structures; this is explored through the simple example of a tunnel detection scenario.
Zeffiro User Interface for Electromagnetic Brain Imaging: a GPU Accelerated FEM Tool for Forward and Inverse Computations in Matlab
Authors: He Q. , Rezaei A. , Pursiainen S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article introduces the Zeffiro interface (ZI) version 2.2 for brain imaging. ZI aims to provide a simple, accessible and multimodal open source platform for finite element method (FEM) based and graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated forward and inverse computations in the Matlab environment. It allows one to (1) generate a given multi-compartment head model, (2) to evaluate a lead field matrix as well as (3) to invert and analyze a given set of measurements. GPU acceleration is applied in each of the processing stages (1)–(3). In its current configuration, ZI includes forward solvers for electro-/magnetoencephalography (EEG) and linearized electrical impedance tomography (EIT) as well as a set of inverse solvers based on the hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM). We report the results of EEG and EIT inversion tests performed with real and synthetic data, respectively, and demonstrate numerically how the inversion parameters affect the EEG inversion outcome in HBM. The GPU acceleration was found to be essential in the generation of the FE mesh and the LF matrix in order to achieve a reasonable computing time. The code package can be extended in the future based on the directions given in this article.
Using traditional ecological knowledge to understand and adapt to climate and biodiversity change on the Pacific coast of North America
Authors: Wyllie de Echeverria Victoria Rawn , Thornton Thomas F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate the perceptions and impacts of climate change on 11 Indigenous communities in Northern British Columbia and Southeast Alaska. This coastal region constitutes an extremely dynamic and resilient social-ecological system where Indigenous Peoples have been adjusting to changing climate and biodiversity for millennia. The region is a bellwether for biodiversity changes in coastal, forest, and montane environments that link the arctic to more southerly latitudes on the Pacific coast. Ninety-six Elders and resource users were interviewed to record Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and observations regarding weather, landscape, and resource changes, especially as concerns what we term Cultural Keystone Indicator Species (CKIS), which provide a unique lens into the effects of environmental change. Our findings show that Indigenous residents of these communities are aware of significant environmental changes over their lifetimes, and an acceleration in changes over the last 15–20 years, not only in weather patterns, but also in the behaviour, distributions, and availability of important plants and animals. Within a broader ecological and social context of dwelling, we suggest ways this knowledge can assist communities in responding to future environmental changes using a range of place-based adaptation modes.
RUSCHOLARS, SOCIAL NETWORKS, AND BUREAUCRACY: DONGHAI 東海 MEN AND MODELS FOR SUCCESS IN WESTERN HAN CHINA (206b.c.e.–9c.e.)
Authors: Cai Liang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study I take men from Donghai, a region of northeast China, as a case study for examining models of success in the Western Han (206b.c.e.–9c.e.). Employing digital tools to mine data fromThe Grand Scribe's Records(Shi ji) andThe History of the Western Han(Han shu), I explore the social networks and career patterns of men from a region that enjoyed a reputation for producing a remarkable number of high officials and celebratedRu. I focus on three questions. First, what was the social mechanism that enabled people to distinguish themselves at both the local and the imperial levels? Second, did these celebrated men from Donghai serve as bridges connecting the local to the capital, directing resources back to their hometown and helping their local fellows achieve success? Third, did their positions in the central government remove them from local society by transforming them into capital-dwelling elites primarily concerned about the success of their families in the central court? In addressing these questions, I probe the dynamics between bureaucratic hierarchy, social networks, and the flow of talent and resources. I investigate various understandings of prestige and the strategies for climbing the ladder of success. Furthermore, I ask which forms of social prestige—for example, academic reputation, wealth, social networks—could bypass the hierarchical system imposed by the imperial bureaucracy, providing direct access to lofty positions. Did the patterns of success seen in the Donghai group reflect a bias built into the sources, constitute a regional variation, or provide a universal model for success in early imperial China?
Support stability of maximizing measures for shifts of finite type
Authors: GONSCHOROWSKI JULIANO S. , QUAS ANTHONY , SIEFKEN JASON 
Published: October 2019

This paper establishes a fundamental difference between $\mathbb{Z}$ subshifts of finite type and $\mathbb{Z}^{2}$ subshifts of finite type in the context of ergodic optimization. Specifically, we consider a subshift of finite type $X$ as a subset of a full shift $F$. We then introduce a natural penalty function $f$, defined on $F$, which is 0 if the local configuration near the origin is legal and $-1$ otherwise. We show that in the case of $\mathbb{Z}$ subshifts, for all sufficiently small perturbations, $g$, of $f$, the $g$-maximizing invariant probability measures are supported on $X$ (that is, the set $X$ is stably maximized by $f$). However, in the two-dimensional case, we show that the well-known Robinson tiling fails to have this property: there exist arbitrarily small perturbations, $g$, of $f$ for which the $g$-maximizing invariant probability measures are supported on $F\setminus X$.
The escal light gland of the deep-sea anglerfish Haplophryne mollis (Pisces: Ceratioidei) with observations on luminescence control
Authors: Herring Peter J. , Munk Ole 
Published: October 2019

The escal light gland of three different-sized specimens of the deep-sea anglerfish Haplophryne mollis (family Linophrynidae) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The light gland has a central cavity, with diverging branched ducts which ramify into numerous tightly-packed radial tubules. In the two largest specimens all glandular lumina contain symbiotic bacteria. Except for a thin-walled part of the typical radiating tubules, the epithelial walls of the light gland are of a uniform structure, consisting of flattened basal cells, situated next to the basal lamina, and tall cells extending to the lumen.In the smallest specimen examined the various parts of the light gland were not fully differentiated and only a very few symbiotic bacteria were present; its glandular epithelium differed from that of the two larger specimens by containing many goblet cells, the secretion of which may be important for the initial establishment of the right strain of symbiotic bacteriaObservations on the luminescence of live specimens have shown that the light emission can be rapidly modulated from within the esca. The in vivo flash kinetics are considerably slower than those of Dolopichthys longicornis, but similar to those of both the caruncle exudate of Ceratias holboelli and in vitro anglerfish bacterial luciferase.
The role of individual resources, health behaviour and age perception as determinants of sports participation in older age
Authors: Faß Eric , Schlesinger Torsten 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSports participation contributes to maintaining health and wellbeing in old age, hence a deeper understanding of its various determinants is necessary. Previous research has primarily focused on either the effects of individual resources or age-specific attitudes to sports participation. However, a deeper understanding of the inter-relationships between these variables is required to develop effective policies to promote sports participation in ageing societies. To address the hypothesised inter-relationships, we consider both individual resources as well as age-specific attitudes and behaviours in order to integrate them simultaneously in our analysis. Furthermore, the analysis will be differentiated according to the three social status groups. The sample contains 1,560 retired persons, aged 65 years and older, based on the fifth wave (2014) of the German Ageing Survey. Multiple Poisson regression models were estimated to test our hypotheses. After adjusting for demographic variables, greater individual resources are associated with more regular sports participation. The findings also reveal that positive age perception and healthy behaviours are related to sports participation. Slight mediation effects between the different variables can be observed. Furthermore, the effect structures vary across different social status groups. The findings show that both individual resources and age-specific behaviours and attitudes are independent determinants of sports participation in older age. Our results confirm slight inter-relationships between socio-economic resources and age-specific attitudes.
HEREDITARILY ANTISYMMETRIC OPERATOR ALGEBRAS
Authors: Weaver Nik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe introduce a notion of ‘hereditarily antisymmetric’ operator algebras and prove a structure theorem for them in finite dimensions. We also characterize those operator algebras in finite dimensions which can be made upper triangular and prove matrix analogs of the theorems of Dilworth and Mirsky for finite posets. Some partial results are obtained in the infinite dimensional case.