bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Underestimation of Heroin Deaths Due to the Use of “Acute Opiate Intoxication” on Death Certificates
Authors: Gill James R. , Vincent Gregory A. , Toriello Allison , Nelson Lewis S. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Deaths due to drug intoxications in the United States have increased. Public health agencies track the specific intoxicants using death certificate data in order to develop and focus prevention strategies. Criteria used to decide what deaths need toxicological investigation and how these deaths are certified will affect this data. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the investigative, autopsy, and toxicology reports of 118 fatal intoxications that were certified as “acute opiate intoxication.” Results Of the 113 decedents in whom morphine was detected, 84 were determined to involve heroin. For 61 of 84 heroin deaths, the heroin diagnosis was based upon the detection of diacetylmorphine, 6-acetylmorphine, and/or a lower blood codeine to morphine concentration. For 23 of 84 deaths, the determination was based upon morphine detection and illicit substances and/or paraphernalia at the scene. Of the 61 of 84 heroin deaths diagnosed by direct toxicology results, 33 of the 61 (54%) did not have illicit substances or paraphernalia at the scene. Toxicology identified 33 of 84 (39%) heroin fatalities that would not have been distinguished from morphine intoxication by the scene investigation. Conclusions The majority of deaths due to opioids can be further classified based upon the toxicological analysis and scene investigation. As heroin deaths may have no illicit substances/paraphernalia at the scene, investigators should not solely base their decision to perform an autopsy/toxicology on the scene absence of illicit drugs/paraphernalia. In our study sample, if toxicology testing were to be only performed when illicit substances/paraphernalia were found at the scene, a high portion of heroin deaths (39%) would have been missed.
National Coronial Information System: Epidemiology and the Coroner in Australia
Authors: Saar Eva , Bugeja Lyndal , Ranson David L. 
Published: June 2018

The National Coronial Information System (NCIS) is the world's first national Internet-based database of coronial information. It was established in Australia following the recognition by coroners that their mandate for public health and safety could be improved if they could identify previous similar deaths. The NCIS is funded from state, territory, and commonwealth government agencies and overseen by the NCIS Board of Management. A team of ten staff manage the day-to-day operation of the system. The NCIS enables the rapid identification of up-to-date information on deaths investigated by the coroners' jurisdictions in Australia (from July 2000) and New Zealand (from July 2007). It is accessible to death investigators (coroners; forensic, medical, and scientific staff; and police) to assist with death investigation and approved third parties (e.g., researchers). The NCIS contains demographic information about the deceased, contextual information about the circumstances in which the death occurred, the cause and manner of death, and four full text reports generated during the investigation. The NCIS contains information on over 328 000 completed coroners' death investigations across Australia and New Zealand. Approximately 350 death investigators are registered to access the data for their ongoing death investigations, and 235 third party users are registered to utilize the data set in their research. In addition to the utility of the NCIS, this paper describes the rationale and governance structure of the NCIS, the information technology infrastructure, data set, quality assurance framework, and contribution to death and injury prevention.
Whitewater Rafting and Kayaking Deaths in Colorado: Increasing Preventative Measures by Understanding Risk Factors
Authors: Murdoch Jarod , Kelly Leon K. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Whitewater rafting and kayaking are popular, adventurous excursions that are provided along various rivers throughout the United States. We expect that certain individuals' comorbid medical conditions may increase the risk of mortality by preventing them from being physically able to avoid inadvertently entering the water and subsequently rescue themselves. Methods Retrospective data were collected from 11 El Paso County, Colorado coroner cases from 2014–2017 in which the individual was whitewater rafting or kayaking and drowning was determined to be the primary cause of death. Results Health characteristics and autopsy findings of several of these individuals revealed that a significant number of these individuals were overweight or obese (90.9%), with 70% of these individuals also demonstrating cardiomegaly on examination. Of the cases studied, 81.8% of individuals had little to no experience with whitewater rafting or kayaking and 45% were under the influence of marijuana or alcohol based on toxicology studies. Discussion While a major selling point for whitewater excursions are the perceived risks they offer, our review suggests that certain individuals demonstrate increased health risks, have little to no experience with whitewater rafting or kayaking, or practice unsafe behaviors that may increase chance of injury and death. Efforts have been made to reduce risks associated with whitewater rafting and kayaking; however, further risk can be mitigated by excluding those who may be under the influence of alcohol or drugs, implementing more stringent health requirements, and setting an upper limit of difficulty of rapids based on an individual's previous experience.
Environmental Deaths in Southern Arizona
Authors: Lougee Kevin M. , Hess Gregory L. , Winston David C. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction The Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner (PCOME) maintains medicolegal jurisdiction over Southern Arizona, which includes the Sonoran Desert and the Arizona/Mexico border. Given the unique climate and biodiversity of the Sonoran Desert coupled with the Mexican border, environmental-related deaths are represented in proportions different from other jurisdictions in the United States. Methods A retrospective study of deaths falling into one of five categories (hyperthermia, hypothermia, undetermined with skeletal and/or mummified modifiers, venom-related, and lightning) certified by the PCOME between January 1, 2010 and December 1, 2017 was conducted by searching the PCOME electronic database. Results and Discussion Of the 16 649 cases certified by the office during that time, 639 were categorized into one of the above five categories. Hyperthermia cases were the most common, followed by undetermined, hypothermia, venom-related, and lightning. A unique population of individuals referred to as undocumented border crossers (UBCs) is discussed and accounted for 470 of the 639 deaths.
SHAHID AL-QURAN IN ARABIC GRAMMAR WORKS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SHAHID AL-QURAN DALAM KARYA TATABAHASA ARAB: SATU SOROTAN LITERATUR SECARA SISTEMATIK)
Authors: Rajab Zamri , Ab. Halim Zulazhan , Mat Teh Kamarul Shukri 
Published: June 2018

The Theory of Nahu al-Quran which emphasizes on the impact of using Koran in Arabic grammar has attracted a lot of research. Within 31 years after the emergence of this theory (1984-2015), there were over 19 studies that used the term shahid al-Quran either in research conducted to qualify for an academic certificate, articles published in journals or seminar papers. This qualitative study aims to explore the literature review of shahid al-Quran through document analysis and the matrix of Systematic Literature Review (SLR). In doing so, a systematic analysis is conducted on the background, issues or gap pertaining to this study as well as methodology and findings on previous research. This study has found that the study of shahid al-Quran was popular among Arab researchers especially on the major works written by Arabic scholars and the qualitative study using content analysis technic was the most preferred method chosen by these researchers. The studies on Shahid al-Quran should continue and develop to explore both the obvious and the underlying reasons behind its usage among scholars of Arabic grammar. Keywords: shahid al-Quran, tatabahasa Arab, the theory of nahu al-Quran, systematic literature review.Cite as: Rajab, Z., Ab. Halim, Z., & Mat Teh, K.S. (2016). Shahid al-Quran in Arabic grammar works: A systematic literature review (Shahid al-Quran dalam karya tatabahasa Arab: Satu sorotan literatur secara sistematik). Journal of Nusantara Studies, 1(1), 18-33. AbstrakTeori Nahu al-Quran yang menekankan impak al-Quran dalam tatabahasa Arab telah menarik banyak kajian dilakukan. Dalam tempoh 31 tahun selepas munculnya teori tersebut (1984-2015), terdapat lebih 19 kajian menggunakan istilah shahid al-Quran dihasilkan sama ada kajian bagi memenuhi syarat memperoleh ijazah akademik, artikel yang diterbitkan dalam jurnal mahupun kertas seminar. Kajian kualitatif ini meninjau literatur kajian shahid al-Quran dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen dan berpandukan jadual matrik “Systematic Literature Review (SLR)”. Analisis sistematik berkenaan memfokuskan kepada latar belakang, isu atau lompang, metodologi dan dapatan kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati kajian shahid al-Quran telah popular dalam kalangan pengkaji Arab dengan fokus kepada karya utama karangan ulama tatabahasa berketurunan Arab, manakala bentuk kajian kualitatif menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen atau kandungan lebih mendominasi kajian shahid al-Quran. Kajian shahid al-Quran perlu terus dikembangkan seperti meneroka sebab yang tersurat dan tersirat di sebalik penggunaannya dalam kalangan sarjana tatabahasa. Kata kunci: shahid al-Quran, tatabahasa Arab, teori nahu al-Quran, sorotan literatur secara sistematik.
THE BREADTH OF RECEPTIVE VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE AMONG ENGLISH MAJOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Yunus Kamariah , Mohamad Mahani , Waelateh Bordin 
Published: June 2018

Vocabulary knowledge is a key component for literacy skills as well as the development of communication deemed important for students to succeed in university. Gaining adequate receptive vocabulary knowledge would enhance a university student’s comprehension of academic texts. This descriptive study aims to investigate the receptive vocabulary knowledge among English major university students in Malaysia and Thailand. The sample comprises 80 English major students from Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Malaysia and 86 English major students from Prince Songkla University (PSU), Thailand. A Vocabulary Size Test (VST) adopted from Nation and Beglar was employed to gather the primary data from the respondents about their receptive vocabulary knowledge. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Results showed that, on average, UniSZA students had a higher VST score (44.64%) compared to that of PSU students (20.92%). The higher average score gained by UniSZA students was mainly due to early exposure to formal English education in schools. This study recommends preparing students with explicit academic vocabulary instruction, particularly in the beginning semester of an English programme, to meet the academic and professional needs of English major students in future. Keywords: Receptive vocabulary, productive vocabulary, Vocabulary Size Test (VST), breadth of vocabulary knowledge, depth of vocabulary knowledge.Cite as: Yunus, K., Mohamad, M., & Waelateh, B. (2016). The breadth of receptive vocabulary knowledge among English major university students. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 1(1), 7-17.
MALAYSIA’S NATIONAL LANGUAGE POLICY IN INTERNATIONAL THEORETICAL CONTEXT
Authors: John Albury Nathan , Khin Aye Khin 
Published: June 2018

This paper examines the motivations behind Malaysia’s national language policy in theoretical terms to allow the Malaysian narrative to be positioned in an international context. To do this, it applies Spolsky’s (2004) theory of what influences language policy making in contemporary nation-states, namely national ideology, the role of English in globalisation era, the nation’s sociolinguistic situation, and an interest in linguistic minority rights. The paper argues that all factors are relevant in the Malaysian context. However, the domestic sociolinguistic situation only influences policy in so far as Malaysia’s response to its ethnolinguistic minorities is limited to minimal linguistic rights in the education system. This limited acceptance of linguistic diversity continues a tradition of protecting what Malaysian law sees as the supremacy of Malay culture and language. The paper concludes with an invitation to apply this theory in the study of other nations in the region to foster a robust body of comparative data on national language policies in Southeast Asia. Keywords: Malaysia, national language policy, ethnocracy, national identity, language rightsCite as: Albury, N.J., & Aye, K.K. (2016). Malaysia’s national language policy in international theoretical context. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 1(1), 71-84.
KAEDAH PENYELESAIAN PERTIKAIAN ALTERNATIF DARI SUDUT SYARIAH DI MALAYSIA <br> ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION METHODS FROM THE SYARIAH PERSPECTIVE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Dahlan Nur Khalidah , Palil Mohd. Rizal , Hamid Mohamad Abdul , Yaakub Noor Inayah 
Published: June 2018

Family and marital disputes are commonly heard cases in our daily lives. The trial courts and the alternative resolution methods may be used for the parties involved in the disputes to settle their problems. This paper reviews the aspects of the legal provisions concerning the jurisdiction of courts (civil and Syariah) and also the alternative dispute resolution methods. Some of the proposed alternative methods are arbitration, mediation, and sulh. These alternative resolution methods may be used to avoid the tedious court processes and to reduce the cost of settling the disputes. The alternative methods are strongly encouraged in Islam and there are clear guidelines in Malaysia regarding the ways to employ the alternative methods. The use of the alternative methods is effective as reflected in the number of cases which have been succesfully solved using the methods. This paper concludes that Muslim community in Malaysia has the convincing options to resolve their family / marital disputes either in courts or through the alternative resolution methods. Keywords: Syariah Court, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Sulh Council, Arbitration, Mediation.Cite as: Dahlan, N.K., Palil, M.R., Abdul Hamid, M., & Yaakub, N.I. (2017). Kaedah penyelesaian pertikaian alternatif dari sudut syariah di Malaysia [Alternative dispute resolution methods from the syariah perspective in Malaysia]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 86-98.
THE METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS OF READING STRATEGIES IN THAI EFL LEARNERS
Authors: Chutichaiwirath Kitipat , Sitthitikul Pragasit 
Published: June 2018

This paper explores the metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and the use of reading strategies among Thai EFL learners. Fifteen female university students who are in their fourth-year undergraduate study of English at a Thai university participated in this study. The study used a mixed-method approach. The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) was used to investigate the participants’ metacognitive awareness involved in reading. Also, to insightfully assess and analyze the participants’ reading strategies while they were reading the academic texts, a think-aloud protocol was used. The findings reveal that the participants’ overall use of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies (Global, Problem-solving, and Support reading strategies) was at a high level (Mean = 2.85, S.D. = 0.31). Among 30 individual reading strategies, the most frequently used was underlining and circling (Mean = 3.60, S.D. = 0.74), which fall under Support Reading Strategy (SUP). On the other hand, it can be seen that the least frequently used reading strategy was asking self-questions (Mean = 1.93, S.D. = 0.70), under the category of SUP strategies. When considering the appropriate and effective use of metacognitive reading strategies in the think aloud protocol by the participants in successful reading comprehension, it is discovered that using background knowledge, previewing text, reading slowly and carefully, pausing to reflect on reading, taking notes while reading, and summarizing were frequently used the students.Keywords: EFL learners, metacognitive, reading strategies, think aloud, Thailand. Cite as: Chutichaiwirath, K. & Sitthitikul, P. (2017). The metacognitive awareness of reading strategies in Thai EFL learners. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 1-14.
A PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF AN ENGLISH TEACHER IN JAPAN ON LANGUAGE, TACIT KNOWLEDGE AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Authors: Wotley Duncan 
Published: June 2018

This paper follows the path of my research into intuitions about language and linguistic knowledge as an English language teacher based in Australia in Japan. I describe how my curiosity about these intuitions grew out of an inability to reconcile the relevance of pedagogical research, applied linguistics, and linguistics with the day-to-day language tasks involved in English language teaching. This gravitated toward an interest in judgment about natural language and the revision of anomalous sentences created naturally or with the assistance of machine translation. I note that teachers and learners generally adopt an intuitive and pragmatic approach to text judgment, commentary about text and text reformulation. I hope to engage readers from other cultures and education backgrounds, so that we share our perspectives, experiences and assumptions about tacit knowledge or intuitions about language.Keywords: Tacit knowledge, implicit knowledge, procedural knowledge explicit knowledge, declarative knowledgeCite as: Wotley, D. (2017). A personal narrative of an English teacher in Japan on language, tacit knowledge and language education. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 127-138.
CABARAN PENGAJARAN SUBJEK PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI MALAYSIA <br> [CHALLENGES IN THE TEACHING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION SUBJECT IN MALAYSIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS]
Authors: Kilue Dicken , Muhamad Tajul Arifin 
Published: June 2018

Physical education is one of the crucial subjects in the educational curriculum, meant to produce the healthy-conscious and fit citizens. This can be nurtured via the development of the psychomotor, cognitive, affective and physical fitness aspects. However, the emphasis of this subject has been less prioritised by the schools and parents. In addressing the issue mentioned, this paper discusses the constraints in executing physical education lesson from the aspects of teachers, students, school atmosphere and facilities, school administrators and parental support. In addition, several recommendations and suggestions were proposed to overcome the aforesaid obstacles. This paper concludes that the school administrators and teachers should be optimistic in embracing the changes and transformations taking place, particularly in the effort of upholding the status of this subject to be of indispensable importance as other subjects in schools.Keywords: Physical education, secondary schools, importance, implementation challenges, MalaysiaCite as: Kilue, D. & Muhamad, T.A. (2017). Cabaran pengajaran subjek Pendidikan Jasmani di sekolah menengah di Malaysia [Challenges in the teaching of Physical Education subject in Malaysian secondary schools]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 53-65. AbstrakMata pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani merupakan komponen penting dalam kurikulum pendidikan negara untuk melahirkan generasi muda yang sihat dan cergas melalui penekanan kepada aspek perkembangan psikomotor, kognitif, afektif dan kecergasan fizikal. Namun demikian, penekanan kepada pelaksanaan mata pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani masih kurang diberikan perhatian sama ada oleh pihak sekolah mahupun ibu bapa. Justeru itu, kertas ini membincangkan kekangan pelaksanaan Pendidikan Jasmani berdasarkan beberapa cabaran seperti faktor guru, murid, persekitaran sekolah serta kemudahan fizikal, pentadbir sekolah dan sokongan ibu bapa. Sebagai penambahbaikan, beberapa cadangan dikemukakan bagi mengatasi setiap cabaran yang telah dikenalpasti. Para pentadbir dan guru di sekolah perlu mengambil berat pelaksanaan mata pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani dari sudut yang positif dan sentiasa bersedia untuk menerima perubahan dalam usaha memartabatkan kepentingan mata pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani agar setanding dengan mata pelajaran lain.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Jasmani, sekolah menengah, kepentingan, cabaran pelaksanaan, Malaysia
The role of trust in shaping urban planning in local communities: The case of Hammarkullen, Sweden
Authors: Hansson Stina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Urban planning is increasingly focusing on the social aspect of sustainability. The 2014 report Differences in Living Conditions and Health in Gothenburg shows important and increasing inequalities between different parts of the city, a development seen in cities across the world. The city of Gothenburg has set as its goal the decrease in inequalities by joining forces with civil society, the private sector, academia and people living in the city. Participation and inclusion become important tools in city planning processes for the authorities to understand local conditions, particularly to understand the living conditions of people in socio-economically marginalised areas, whose voices are rarely listened to, and to enable their active participation in shaping outcomes. In this article, we explore the role of trust in improving urban planning, and in shaping possibilities for participation that is positively experienced, in the sense that it increases people’s sense of control over their neighbourhoods. Based on empirical work in Hammarkullen, a socio-economically marginalised area in Gothenburg, the article shows how specific local configurations of trust have an impact on local development plans. It further shows how participatory practices coarticulate with the local social situation to shape outcomes in a certain way. Grounded in the empirical study, the paper argues for the importance of understanding the local conditions of trust and how they interact with planning processes in shaping outcomes and future possibilities of cooperation. Further, the paper argues for the need to take the local conditions of trust into account early in the planning phase.
Urban public transport in informal settlements: Experiences from Kisumu City, Kenya
Authors: Onyango George Mark 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Kisumu has had a massive growth of informal settlements forming a belt around the urban core. These settlements house more than half of the city’s population. Because of the unplanned nature of these areas there has been very poor road infrastructure development, with narrow, unpaved roads constituting the road infrastructure. This situation has limited the opportunities for regular urban transport minibuses providing transport for the majority of the urban poor who live in these settlements. The coping mechanism and the development of alternative coping strategies are explored and assessed to see how effective they are in providing public transport for this majority of unserviced urban population.