bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a hospital-based combat injury registry at the Chinese Peacekeeping Level 2 Military Hospital in GAO, Mali
Authors: Sun Rui , Tian J , Jia Z , Zhou N , Zhou S 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundHaving served more than 4000 personnel including the peacekeeping troops, UN police and civilian staff, the Chinese Peacekeeping Level 2 Military Hospital has accumulated 1235 inpatient medical records in 4 years. Assessment of the records stored in the CHN L2 identified that the data collected by different teams were incoherent and highlighted the need for implementation of a hospital-based combat injury registry and the establishment of a combat injury surveillance system.MethodsA one-page, 21-item registry form was designed to collect general information about the injuries, including such data as demographics, injury event, severity, diagnosis and treatment, and outcome. All relevant personnel was required to undergo a 2-day training in order to master the use of the registry form. The new registry form was used to collect the data on all of the cases recorded in the CHN L2 between 26 April 2014 and 31 March 2017.ResultsAnalysis of the collected data identified improvised explosive device as the most common (44.95%) mechanism of combat injury in Sector East of MINUSMA. Anefis, the centre of the UN logistic transit, was identified as the location where most of the combat injuries (42.20%) occurred. Based on these results, certain suggestions that addressed this threat were given to the Operation department in Sector East of MINUSMA.ConclusionA hospital-based combat injury registry was successfully developed and implemented in the Chinese Peacekeeping Level 2 Hospital. It can provide data to support the policy changes to minimise the impact of combat injuries on peacekeeping troops. The designed registry form provides more accurate estimates of the magnitude of the morbidity due to different causes in the battlefield and lays a foundation for an injury surveillance system.
Increased alloreactive and autoreactive antihuman leucocyte antigen antibodies associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jackman Rachael P , Cruz Giovanna I , Nititham Joanne , Triulzi Darrell J , Barcellos Lisa F , Criswell Lindsey A , Norris Philip J , Busch Michael P 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affect women during and following childbearing years. Antihuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) alloantibody responses are common in healthy parous women, and as these diseases are both linked with HLA and immune dysregulation, we sought to evaluate anti-HLA antibodies in RA and SLE.MethodsAnti-HLA antibodies were measured among parous SLE cases (n=224), parous RA cases (n=202) and healthy parous controls (n=239) and compared with each other as well as with nulliparous female and male controls. Antibody specificities were identified and compared against subject HLA types to determine autoreactivity versus alloreactivity. The association of anti-HLA antibodies with clinical outcomes was evaluated.ResultsLevels and frequencies of anti-HLA antibodies were significantly higher among parous females with SLE (52%) or RA (46%) compared with controls (26%), and anti-HLA antibodies were also found among nulliparous females and males with SLE and RA. Autoreactive anti-HLA antibodies were observed among SLE and RA antibody-positive subjects, but not healthy controls, with the highest frequency of autoreactive anti-HLA antibodies found in the SLE subjects. Higher levels of anti-HLA antibodies were associated with nephritis among the nulliparous SLE cases (p<0.01). The presence of anti-class I HLA antibodies was associated with younger age at diagnosis among both the RA and SLE nulliparous cases.ConclusionsBoth autoreactive and alloreactive anti-HLA antibodies were found at high levels in RA and SLE subjects. These occurred even in the absence of alloexposure, particularly among SLE subjects and may be linked with disease severity.
Investigation on the influences of exposure to winter haze (PM2.5) on 301 subjects’ respiratory tract
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Liu Yushan , Meng Lihong , Dong Huan , Gu Xiaofeng , Yu Xiaolin , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To observe the clinical symptoms after haze exposure and analyze the influences on the respiratory tract. Methods: We conduct prospective study by designing questionnaires about respiratory reaction after haze exposure. We distribute, and collect the questionnaires from 301 subjects, and use statistical software to analyze it. Result and Conclusion: (1) Exposure to haze can lead to a series of respiratory and systemic symptoms. The most common symptoms are cough, little sputum, sneezing and running nose, nasal cavity dryness, nasal congestion, dry throat, dry eyes, itchy eyes. (2) The manifestation frequency of most symptoms in population is positively correlated with the haze concentration. (3) Haze irritates the respiratory tract and causes haze-related cough and respiratory allergy symptoms.
Microneurography as a tool to study the function of individual C-fiber afferents in humans: responses from nociceptors, thermoreceptors, and mechanoreceptors
Authors: Ackerley Rochelle , Watkins Roger Holmes 
Published: September 2018

The technique of microneurography—recording neural traffic from nerves in awake humans—has provided us with unrivaled insights into afferent and efferent processes in the peripheral nervous system for over 50 years. We review the use of microneurography to study single C-fiber afferents and provide an overview of the knowledge gained, with views to future investigations. C-fibers have slowly conducting, thin-diameter, unmyelinated axons and make up the majority of the fibers in peripheral nerves (~80%). With the use of microneurography in humans, C-fiber afferents have been differentiated into discrete subclasses that encode specific qualities of stimuli on the skin, and their functional roles have been investigated. Afferent somatosensory information provided by C-fibers underpins various positive and negative affective sensations from the periphery, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical pain (C-nociceptors), temperature (C-thermoreceptors), and positive affective aspects of touch (C-tactile afferents). Insights from microneurographic investigations have revealed the complexity of the C-fiber system, methods for delineating fundamental C-fiber populations in a translational manner, how C-fiber firing can be used to identify nerve deficits in pathological states, and how the responses from C-fibers may be modified to change sensory percepts, including decreasing pain. Understanding these processes may lead to future medical interventions to diagnose and treat C-fiber dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The technique of microneurography allows us to directly investigate the functional roles of single C-fiber afferents in awake human beings. Here we outline and discuss the current field of C-fiber research on this heterogeneous population of afferents in healthy subjects, in pathological states, and from a translational perspective. We cover C-fibers encoding touch, temperature, and pain and provide perspectives on the future of C-fiber microneurography investigations in humans.
Extrasynaptic α5GABAA receptors on proprioceptive afferents produce a tonic depolarization that modulates sodium channel function in the rat spinal cord
Authors: Lucas-Osma Ana M. , Li Yaqing , Lin Shihao , Black Sophie , Singla Rahul , Fouad Karim , Fenrich Keith K. , Bennett David J. 
Published: September 2018

Activation of GABAA receptors on sensory axons produces a primary afferent depolarization (PAD) that modulates sensory transmission in the spinal cord. While axoaxonic synaptic contacts of GABAergic interneurons onto afferent terminals have been extensively studied, less is known about the function of extrasynaptic GABA receptors on afferents. Thus, we examined extrasynaptic α5GABAA receptors on low-threshold proprioceptive (group Ia) and cutaneous afferents. Afferents were impaled with intracellular electrodes and filled with neurobiotin in the sacrocaudal spinal cord of rats. Confocal microscopy was used to reconstruct the afferents and locate immunolabelled α5GABAA receptors. In all afferents α5GABAA receptors were found throughout the extensive central axon arbors. They were most densely located at branch points near sodium channel nodes, including in the dorsal horn. Unexpectedly, proprioceptive afferent terminals on motoneurons had a relative lack of α5GABAA receptors. When recording intracellularly from these afferents, blocking α5GABAA receptors (with L655708, gabazine, or bicuculline) hyperpolarized the afferents, as did blocking neuronal activity with tetrodotoxin, indicating a tonic GABA tone and tonic PAD. This tonic PAD was increased by repeatedly stimulating the dorsal root at low rates and remained elevated for many seconds after the stimulation. It is puzzling that tonic PAD arises from α5GABAA receptors located far from the afferent terminal where they can have relatively little effect on terminal presynaptic inhibition. However, consistent with the nodal location of α5GABAA receptors, we find tonic PAD helps produce sodium spikes that propagate antidromically out the dorsal roots, and we suggest that it may well be involved in assisting spike transmission in general. NEW & NOTEWORTHY GABAergic neurons are well known to form synaptic contacts on proprioceptive afferent terminals innervating motoneurons and to cause presynaptic inhibition. However, the particular GABA receptors involved are unknown. Here, we examined the distribution of extrasynaptic α5GABAA receptors on proprioceptive Ia afferents. Unexpectedly, these receptors were found preferentially near nodal sodium channels throughout the afferent and were largely absent from afferent terminals. These receptors produced a tonic afferent depolarization that modulated sodium spikes, consistent with their location.
The first record of The Blue Admiral Kaniska canace Linnaeus, 1763 (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera) from Bangladesh
Authors: Neogi Amit Kumer , Islam Md Jayedul , Shalauddin Md , Mondal Anik Chandra , Hossain Safayat 
Published: September 2018

Moulvibazar district has been recognized as one of the biodiversity rich pockets close to the boundary side of Assam of India and situated in the North-eastern part of Bangladesh. Adompur reserve forest is one of the biodiversity hotspot in the North-eastern. The current article confirm, the presence of Kaniska canace Linnaeus, 1763, (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera) which was not previously recorded in Bangladesh. This species was first recorded on 17 March 2017 at 15.30 (GMT+6) local time in the coordination of N 24°18'9.46"; E 91°55'4.23" at Kauyargola forest beat, Adampur reserve forest in Moulvibazar District.
Alarming population status of the Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Thomas Kiran , Nameer Paingamadathil Ommer 
Published: September 2018

This study was carried out to assess the population of Ratufa macroura in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary located in the Kerala part of the southern Western Ghats. The population density of Ratufa macroura was estimated to be 15.26 squirrels/km2. The total count method, however, gave the population range between 11 to 14 squirrels. The current population estimation is about 78–85 % lesser than the previous population estimation of the Ratufa macroura carried out in 1993 and 2007 respectively, which is quite alarming. The following conservation recommendations are suggested for the long-term conservation of R. macroura, which include habitat restoration to maintain the canopy contiguity and regulation of the pilgrimage and the tourism activities in and around the R. macroura habitat. Urgent steps should also be taken to undertake studies on the genetics of R. macroura. It is also suggested that systematic and scientific monitoring of the population of R. macroura be undertaken on a regular basis.
Checklist of the avifauna of Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Apte Sharad Datt , Tuljapurkar Vijay Bhagwan , Jathar Girish Avinash 
Published: September 2018

Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary in southern Maharashtra is one of the smallest sanctuaries in the state encompassing 10.87km2. Our studies documenting avifauna of this wildlife sanctuary revealed the presence of 138 bird species including 71 residents, 21 local migrants, nine breeding migrants, 24 winter visitors and 13 species whose status could not be determined. The sanctuary harbours three Indian endemics, 23 South Asian endemics, and one Near Threatened bird species.
Impact of Aortic Valve Stenosis on Coronary Hemodynamics and the Instantaneous Effect of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Wiegerinck Esther M.A. , van de Hoef Tim P. , Rolandi M. Cristina , Yong ZeYie , van Kesteren Floortje , Koch Karel T. , Vis Marije M. , de Mol Bas A.J.M. , Piek Jan J. , Baan Jan 
Published: September 2018

Background—
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) induces compensatory alterations in left ventricular hemodynamics, leading to physiological and pathological alterations in coronary hemodynamics. Relief of AS by transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) decreases ventricular afterload and is expected to improve microvascular function immediately. We evaluated the effect of AS on coronary hemodynamics and the immediate effect of TAVI.

Methods and Results—

Intracoronary pressure and flow velocity were simultaneously assessed at rest and at maximal hyperemia in an unobstructed coronary artery in 27 patients with AS before and immediately after TAVI and in 28 patients without AS. Baseline flow velocity was higher and baseline microvascular resistance was lower in patients with AS as compared with controls, which remained unaltered post-TAVI. In patients with AS, hyperemic flow velocity was significantly lower as compared with controls (44.5±14.5 versus 54.3±18.6 cm/s;
P
=0.04). Hyperemic microvascular resistance (expressed in mm Hg·cm·s
−1
) was 2.10±0.69 in patients with AS as compared with 1.80±0.60 in controls (
P
=0.096). Coronary flow velocity reserve in patients with AS was lower, 1.9±0.5 versus 2.7±0.7 in controls (
P
<0.001). Improvement in coronary hemodynamics after TAVI was most pronounced in patients without post-TAVI aortic regurgitation. In these patients (n=20), hyperemic flow velocity increased significantly from 46.24±15.47 pre-TAVI to 56.56±17.44 cm/s post-TAVI (
P
=0.003). Hyperemic microvascular resistance decreased from 2.03±0.71 to 1.66±0.45 (
P
=0.050). Coronary flow velocity reserve increased significantly from 1.9±0.4 to 2.2±0.6 (
P
=0.009).

Conclusions—
The vasodilatory reserve capacity of the coronary circulation is reduced in AS. TAVI induces an immediate decrease in hyperemic microvascular resistance and a concomitant increase in hyperemic flow velocity, resulting in immediate improvement in coronary vasodilatory reserve.
Stent Fracture After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Ohya Masanobu , Kadota Kazushige , Tada Takeshi , Habara Seiji , Shimada Takenobu , Amano Hidewo , Izawa Yu , Hyodo Yusuke , Miyake Koshi , Otsuru Suguru , Hasegawa Daiji , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Maruo Takeshi , Katoh Harumi , Fuku Yasushi , Goto Tsuyoshi , Mitsudo Kazuaki 
Published: September 2018

Background—
Stent fracture (SF) after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation is reported to be associated with target lesion revascularization (TLR) and stent thrombosis. We aimed to assess the clinical impact of SF at 8 years.

Methods and Results—

Between 2002 and 2005, 972 patients (1795 lesions) underwent sirolimus-eluting stent implantation and follow-up angiography within 1 year after index procedure. SF, defined as the complete separation of stent segments or stent struts at follow-up angiography, was observed in 105 lesions (5.8%). The study sample comprised 954 patients (1630 lesions), excluding 147 lesions undergoing TLR and 18 patients (18 lesions) who died or in whom stent thrombosis developed within 1 year after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation. The median follow-up duration was 9.1 years (the first and third quarters, 8.7 and 9.4 years). The primary end point was defined as any TLR. The 8-year cumulative rates of adverse events were estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods with
P
values from log-rank tests. Between patients with and without SF, there were no significant differences in the cumulative rates of all-cause death (23.5% versus 27.6%,
P
=0.35) and cardiac death (4.7% versus 9.1%,
P
=0.14), whereas patients with SF had significantly higher cumulative rates in myocardial infarction (10.1% versus 3.3%,
P
=0.001), very late stent thrombosis (6.8% versus 0.7%,
P
<0.001), any TLR (38.1% versus 10.8%,
P
<0.001), and clinically driven TLR (26.2% versus 6.6%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
SF after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation was consistently associated with higher rates of adverse cardiac events during the 8-year follow-up.
Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Promotes Foam Cell Formation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Atherogenesis Via HMGB1
Authors: Wang Rui , Wu Weibin , Li Wen , Huang Shuichuan , Li Zilun , Liu Ruiming , Shan Zhen , Zhang Chunxiang , Li Wen , Wang Shenming 
Published: September 2018

Background

This study aimed at investigating whether
NLRP
3 (the Nod like receptor family, pyrin domain‐containing 3 protein) inflammasome activation induced
HMGB
1 (high mobility group box‐1 protein) secretion and foam cell formation in human vascular smooth muscle cells (
VSMC
s) and atherosclerosis in ApoE
−/−
mice.

Methods and Results

VSMC
s or ApoE
−/−
mice were treated with lipopolysaccharides (
LPS
) and/or
ATP
or
LPS
and high‐fat diet to induce
NLRP
3 inflammasome activation.
HMGB
1 distribution and foam cell formation in
VSMC
s were characterized. Liver X receptor α and
ATP
‐binding cassette transporter expression were determined. The impact of
NLRP
3 or receptor for advanced glycation end product silencing,
ZYVAD
‐
FMK
(caspase‐1 inhibitor), glycyrrhizin (
HMGB
1 inhibitor) or receptor for advanced glycation end product antagonist peptide on
HMGB
1 secretion, foam cell formation, liver X receptor α and
ATP
‐binding cassette transporter expression was examined. Expression level of
HMGB
1 in human atherosclerosis obliterans arterial tissues was characterized. Our results found that
NLRP
3 inflammasome activation promoted foam cell formation and
HMGB
1 secretion in
VSMC
s. Extracellular
HMGB
1 was a key signal molecule in inflammasome activation‐mediated foam cell formation. Furthermore, inflammasome activation‐induced
HMGB
1 activity and foam cell formation were achieved by receptor for advanced glycation end product/liver X receptor α /
ATP
‐binding cassette transporter glycyrrhizin. Experiments in vivo found glycyrrhizin significantly attenuated the
LPS
/high‐fat diet‐induced atherosclerosis and serum
HMGB
1 levels in mice. Finally, levels of
HMGB
1 and
NLRP
3 were increased in tunica media adjacent to intima of atherosclerosis obliteran arteries.

Conclusions

Our results revealed that HMGB1 is a key downstream signal molecule of
NLRP
3 inflammasome activation and plays an important role in
VSMC
s foam cell formation and atherogenesis by downregulating liver X receptor α and
ATP
‐binding cassette transporter expression through receptor for advanced glycation end product.
Prognostic Value of Biventricular Strain in Risk Stratifying in Patients With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Park Jae‐Hyeong , Park Jin Joo , Park Jun‐Bean , Cho Goo‐Yeong 
Published: September 2018

Background

Few studies have shown that right ventricular (
RV
) function is independently related to adverse events regardless of left ventricular (
LV
) function in heart failure. We evaluated the prognostic value of global longitudinal strain (
GLS
) of both ventricles in patients with acute heart failure.

Methods and Results

We measured biventricular strains in 1824 randomly selected patients (973 men, aged 70±14 years) from a strain registry. A total of 799 patients (43.8%) died during the median follow‐up duration of 31.7 months. In univariate analysis,
LVGLS
and
RVGLS
were significantly associated with all‐cause mortality. We classified them into 4 strain groups according to
LVGLS
(≥9%) and
RVGLS
(≥12%). On Cox proportional hazards analysis, group 4 (<9%
LVGLS
and <12%
RVGLS
) had the worst prognosis, with a hazard ratio (
HR
) of 1.755 (95% confidence interval [
CI
], 1.473–2.091;
P
<0.001) compared with that of group 1 (≥9%
LVGLS
and ≥12%
RVGLS
). After multivariate analysis, both
LVGLS
(per 1% decrease;
HR
: 1.057; 95%
CI
, 1.029–1.086;
P
<0.001) and
RVGLS
(per 1% decrease;
HR
: 1.022; 95%
CI
, 1.004–1.040;
P
=0.014) were also significant. The
HR
of
RVGLS
<12% was higher in patients without pulmonary hypertension (assessed by maximal tricuspid regurgitation ≤2.8 m/s) after the adjustment of
LVGLS
(
HR
: 1.40 [95%
CI
, 1.11–1.77] versus 1.07 [95%
CI
, 0.88–1.30] with pulmonary hypertension; interaction,
P
=0.043).

Conclusions

In the patients with acute heart failure,
RVGLS
was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality regardless of
LVGLS
, and those with decreased biventricular
GLS
showed the worst prognosis. The predictive power of
RVGLS
was more prominent in the absence of pulmonary hypertension.
The Genealogy and Theology of Isaiah 11:1
Authors: Sumner Stephen T. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Isaiah 11:1 traces the genealogy of ideal king back to Jesse and not a Davidic king in order to portray him as a new, or second, David. This depiction was motivated by the religious decline of the Davidides, and it allowed for a sense of disjuncture, or distance, from the Davidic line in order to claim royal legitimacy on theological grounds.
Naaman’s Healing and Gehazi’s Affliction: The Magical Background of 2 Kgs 5
Authors: Cranz Isabel 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Scholars tend to view the healing of Naaman and the subsequent affliction of Gehazi in 2 Kgs 5 as polemic against magic and non-Israelite ideas about disease and healing. However, in analyzing the motif of צרעת as literary device it can be demonstrated that 2 Kgs 5 is not opposed to magic. My paper will show instead how the consultation between the Aramean and the Israelite kings, the depiction of Naaman’s healing, as well as the circumstances of Gehazi’s affliction draw from generic ideas about magic to bring into sharper focus the power of the prophet and the presence of Yahweh in the land of Israel.
Confirming What is Written: The Masoretic Term Yafeh
Authors: Martín-Contreras Elvira 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The term yafeh (‘correct’) is used almost exclusively in the Masora Parva of the Cairo Codex of the Prophets. The analysis and study of the seventy-five occurrences show that its main role is to confirm what is written in the text in spite of its peculiarity, but not to explain that peculiarity. Therefore, it is not another Masoretic term to note a specific feature in the text. It seems that the term yafeh is directly related to the transmission process rather than to the description of the text. This use could be a reflection on an early stage of the Masoretic practices. Moreover, the scarce or even null use of the term in the other main Tiberian manuscripts and the different treatment they give to the same features all suggest the existence of a different layer among those manuscripts in the transmission of the biblical text.
Gazing Still
Authors: Chattopadhyay Arka 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article examines the function of the static body, both with and without speech, in the plays of Samuel Beckett. Zooming in on bodily stasis in Beckett allows us to see how he develops a corporeal discourse of inertness that goes beyond words to establish and formalize what words cannot say. The article probes into the complications of defining life in a static silent body. Gaze and affect work in a politically charged network to create resistant traces of life in inert bodies in Catastrophe and Rough for Theatre II while speech in all its kinetic prowess fails to animate them in Happy Days and Play.