bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing effectiveness of wood spray painting system model for undergraduate engineering education
Authors: Tran Cong Chi , Hoang Son , Hoang Tien Duong , Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, the effectiveness of an experimental model of spray painting system (SPS) for wood products in engineering education was evaluated based on students' mental workload (MWL). The subjective rating method, NASA‐task load index (NASA‐TLX), was used to evaluate the MWL of 34 students and 8 experts. The results of the data analysis showed that the assessment of the students' MWL was higher than that of the experts. Hence, the research indicated the need to improve the practical content in order to reduce the student MWL. In addition, the results demonstrated that students' MWL could be used to consider the effectiveness of the experimental model in engineering education, thereby improving the model's efficiency and the quality of training.
Role of tumor microenvironment in the pathobiology of ovarian cancer: Insights and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Ghoneum Alia , Afify Hesham , Salih Ziyan , Kelly Michael , Said Neveen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOvarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting women and at present, stands as the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. The poor disease outcome is due to the nonspecific symptoms and the lack of effective treatment at advanced stages. Thus, it is of utmost importance to understand ovarian carcinoma through several lenses and to dissect the role that the unique peritoneal tumor microenvironment plays in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. This review seeks to highlight several determinants of this unique tumor microenvironment, their influence on disease outcome and ongoing clinical trials targeting these determinants.
Using MbtH‐Like Proteins to Alter the Substrate Profile of a Nonribosomal Peptide Adenylation Enzyme
Authors: Mori Shogo , Green Keith D. , Choi Ryan , Buchko Garry W. , Fried Michael G. , Garneau‐Tsodikova Sylvie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMbtH‐like proteins (MLPs) are required for soluble expression and/or optimal activity of some adenylation (A) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Because A domains can interact with noncognate MLP partners, how the function of an A domain, TioK, involved in the biosynthesis of the bisintercalator thiocoraline, is altered by noncognate MLPs has been investigated. Measuring TioK activity with 12 different MLPs from a variety of bacterial species by using a radiometric assay suggested that the A domain substrate promiscuity could be altered by foreign MLPs. Kinetic studies and bioinformatics analysis expanded the complexity of MLP functions and interactions.
Subclinical hypothyroidism or central hypothyroidism—The danger of thyroid function misinterpretation
Authors: Anyiam Oluwaseun , Cheung Billy , Al‐sabbagh Samer 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageCorrect interpretation of thyroid function tests is critical to providing appropriate care to patients with suspected thyroid disease. It is particularly important to distinguish central hypothyroidism from other types due to the potential of concurrent secondary adrenal insufficiency and thus the need for immediate steroid replacement prior to commencing thyroxine.
Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes by a Copper–Triazolate Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Liu Chen‐Xia , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Wang Nan , Guo Penghu , Muhler Martin , Wang Yuemin , Lin Shiru , Chen Zhongfang , Yang Guang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA copper(I) 3,5‐diphenyltriazolate metal–organic framework (CuTz‐1) was synthesized and extensively characterized by using a multi‐technique approach. The combined results provided solid evidence that CuTz‐1 features an unprecedented Cu5tz6 cluster as the secondary building unit (SBU) with channels approximately 8.3 Å in diameter. This metal–organic framework (MOF) material, which is both thermally and chemically (basic and acidic) stable, exhibited semiconductivity and high photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of dyes in the presence of H2O2. Its catalytic performance was superior to that of reported MOFs and comparable to some composites, which has been attributed to its high efficiency in generating .OH, the most active species for the degradation of dyes. It is suggested that the photogenerated holes are trapped by CuI, which yields CuII, the latter of which behaves as a catalyst for a Fenton‐like reaction to produce an excess amount of .OH in addition to that formed through the scavenging of photogenerated electrons by H2O2. Furthermore, it was shown that a dye mixture (methyl orange, methyl blue, methylene blue, and rhodamine B) could be totally decolorized by using CuTz‐1 as a photocatalyst in the presence of H2O2 under the irradiation of a Xe lamp or natural sunlight.
Tris(2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)amine‐Directed Synthesis of Single‐Atom Nickel Catalysts for Electrochemical CO Production from CO2
Authors: Jeong Hui‐Yun , Balamurugan Mani , Choutipalli Venkata Surya Kumar , Jo Janghyun , Baik Hionsuck , Subramanian Venkatesan , Kim Miyoung , Sim Uk , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value‐added products is a promising approach to reducing excess CO2 in the atmosphere. However, the development of electrocatalysts for highly selective and efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction has been challenging because protons are usually easier to reduce than CO2 in an aqueous electrolyte. Recently, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been suggested as candidate CO2 reduction catalysts due to their unique catalytic properties. To prepare single‐atom metal active sites, the stabilization of metal atoms over conductive supports such as graphene sheets to prevent metal aggregation is crucial. To address this issue, a facile method was developed to prepare single‐atom nickel active sites on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets for the selective production of carbon monoxide (CO) from CO2. The tris(2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (NTB) ligand was introduced as a linker that can homogeneously disperse nickel atoms on the graphene oxide (GO) sheets. Because the NTB ligands form strong interactions with the GO sheets by π–π interactions and with nickel ions by ligation, they can effectively stabilize nickel ions on GO sheets by forming Ni(NTB)‐GO complexes. High‐temperature annealing of Ni(NTB)‐GO under inert atmosphere produces nickel‐ and nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide sheets (Ni‐N‐RGO) with single‐atom Ni−N4 active sites. Ni‐N‐RGO shows high CO2 reduction selectivity in the reduction of CO2 to CO with 97 % faradaic efficiency at −0.8 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode).
Synthesis of enantiopure planar chiral bis‐(para)‐pseudo‐meta‐type [2.2]paracyclophanes
Authors: Sawada Risa , Gon Masayuki , Nakamura Jun , Morisaki Yasuhiro , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new type of planar chiral (Rp)‐ and (Sp)‐4,7,12,15‐tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophanes was prepared from racemic 4,7,12,15‐tetrabromo[2.2]paracyclophane as the starting substrate. Regioselective lithiation and transformations afforded racemic bis‐(para)‐pseudo‐meta‐type [2.2]paracyclophane (4,15‐dibromo‐7,12‐dihydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane). Its optical resolution was performed by the diastereomer method using a chiral camphanoyl group as the chiral auxiliary. The diastereoisomers were readily isolated by simple silica gel column chromatography, and the successive hydrolysis afforded (Rp)‐ and (Sp)‐bis‐(para)‐pseudo‐meta‐type [2.2]paracyclophanes ((Rp)‐ and (Sp)‐4,15‐dibromo‐7,12‐dihydroxy[2.2]paracyclophanes). They can be used as pseudo‐meta‐substituted chiral building blocks.
Cell Adhesion Activity of Peptides Conjugated to Polysaccharides
Authors: Hozumi Kentaro , Nomizu Motoyoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany cell‐adhesive peptides have been identified from extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin. ECM proteins have various cell‐adhesive sequences. Most peptides demonstrate cell‐adhesive activity when simply coated on a tissue culture plate, but solubility, conformation, and coating efficiency of the peptides can significantly alter their biological function. Evaluation of peptide cell‐adhesive activity using peptide‐conjugated polysaccharide constructs is a useful strategy for overcoming peptide solubility and conformation problems. After a simple modification of the polysaccharides, various polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronate) can fix the peptides on the tissue culture plate quantitatively. The peptide‐polysaccharide strategy can be used to fix different active peptides to the polysaccharide at same time, thus, mimicking the biological functions of the ECM. This paper describes the modification of polysaccharides that are suitable for covalently coupling the peptides and evaluation of the cell‐adhesive activity of peptide as a peptide‐polysaccharide matrix. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pore Wall Thinning of Mesoporous 4H‐SiC by Sacrificial Oxidation
Authors: Rashid Marzaini , Idris Muhammad Idzdihar , Horrocks Benjamin Richard , Healy Noel , Goss Jonathan Paul , Horsfall Alton Barrett 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPore wall thinning of mesoporous 4H‐SiC by sacrificial oxidation is performed. The dimensions within the as‐etched porous SiC are reduced during dry oxidation at 1100 °C by consuming SiC and removing the grown SiO2 in the subsequent hydrofluoric acid (HF) dip step. The process reduces the average pore wall thickness from 27 nm to approximately 16 nm and reduces the thickness standard deviation from ±5 to ±1.4 nm for the investigated 9 h oxidation interval. The new pore wall thinning method will enable controlled nanoscale size reduction capability for mesoporous 4H‐SiC derived nanostructures.
Production of certified reference materials for the sports doping control of the REV‐ERB agonist SR9009
Authors: Davies Stephen R. , Chan Benjamin K.H. , Moawad Michael , Garrett Taylor R. , Brooker Lance , Chakrabarty Rima 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTwo human metabolites of the REV‐ERB agonist SR9009, identified by researchers with an interest in sports doping control, have been synthesized and assessed for purity. The synthesis employed was a modification of published procedures for the parent SR9009, careful attention to the purification of intermediates and the final product ensuring materials of the highest purity were available for certification. For each candidate material impurities of related structure were identified and quantified as a relative mass fraction using high performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC–UV) detection and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The quantification of water, occluded solvent, and inorganic residue was assessed using Karl Fischer, 1H NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis, thereby completing the assessment of all impurities typically characterized by the mass balance approach. Summation and subtraction from 1000 mg/g afforded the mass fraction of the main component, the associated uncertainty ensuring certified reference material status can be applied to the resulting pure substance calibration standards. The availability of these standards to the sports doping control community will facilitate delivery of metrological traceability to the SI unit for mass (kg) to routine testing results and aid method development for the detection and quantification of SR9009 abuse.
A chemotactic model of trunk neural crest cell migration
Authors: Dyson Louise , Holmes Alexander , Li Ang , Kulesa Paul M. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryTrunk neural crest cells follow a common ventral migratory pathway but are distributed into two distinct locations to form discrete sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia along the vertebrate axis. Although fluorescent cell labeling and time‐lapse studies have recorded complex trunk neural crest cell migratory behaviors, the signals that underlie this dynamic patterning remain unclear. The absence of molecular information has led to a number of mechanistic hypotheses for trunk neural crest cell migration. Here, we review recent data in support of three distinct mechanisms of trunk neural crest cell migration and develop and simulate a computational model based on chemotactic signaling. We show that by integrating the timing and spatial location of multiple chemotactic signals, trunk neural crest cells may be accurately positioned into two distinct targets that correspond to the sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia. In doing so, we honor the contributions of Wilhelm His to his identification of the neural crest and extend the observations of His and others to better understand a complex question in neural crest cell biology.
Using person‐specific neural networks to characterize heterogeneity in eating disorders: Illustrative links between emotional eating and ovarian hormones
Authors: Beltz Adriene M. , Moser Jason S. , Zhu David C. , Burt S. Alexandra , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveEmotional eating has been linked to ovarian hormone functioning, but no studies to‐date have considered the role of brain function. This knowledge gap may stem from methodological challenges: Data are heterogeneous, violating assumptions of homogeneity made by between‐subjects analyses. The primary aim of this paper is to describe an innovative within‐subjects analysis that models heterogeneity and has potential for filling knowledge gaps in eating disorder research. We illustrate its utility in an application to pilot neuroimaging, hormone, and emotional eating data across the menstrual cycle.MethodGroup iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) is a person‐specific network approach for estimating sample‐, subgroup‐, and individual‐level connections between brain regions. To illustrate its potential for eating disorder research, we apply it to pilot data from 10 female twins (N = 5 pairs) discordant for emotional eating and/or anxiety, who provided two resting state fMRI scans and hormone assays. We then demonstrate how the multimodal data can be linked in multilevel models.ResultsGIMME generated person‐specific neural networks that contained connections common across the sample, shared between co‐twins, and unique to individuals. Illustrative analyses revealed positive relations between hormones and default mode connectivity strength for control twins, but no relations for their co‐twins who engage in emotional eating or who had anxiety.DiscussionThis paper showcases the value of person‐specific neuroimaging network analysis and its multimodal associations in the study of heterogeneous biopsychosocial phenomena, such as eating behavior.
The 2010–2015 Megadrought and its influence on the fire regime in central and south‐central Chile
Authors: González Mauro E. , Gómez‐González Susana , Lara Antonio , Garreaud René , Díaz‐Hormazábal Ignacio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractForest fire activity has increased in recent years in central and south‐central Chile. Drought conditions have been associated with the increase of large wildfires, area burned and longer fire seasons. This study examines the influence of drought on fire regimes and discusses landscape management opportunities to decrease fire hazard. Specifically, we investigate the effect of the 2010–2015 Megadrought (MD) compared to 1990–2009 period on fire activity (fire‐season length, number of fires and burned area across months, fire sizes, regions and vegetation cover types, simultaneity, and duration of fires) in central and south‐central Chile (32°–39° S), using contemporary fire statistics derived from the Chilean Forest Service. For large fire events (>200 ha) the average season length increased by 67 d (44%), comparing 2010–2015 to 1990–2009. Earlier and later ignition dates resulted in extended fire seasons in MD years. During the MD, the number, area burned, simultaneity, and duration of large fires increased significantly compared to the control period, including the unprecedented occurrence of large fires during winter. The burned area in large fires increased in all vegetation types, during the MD compared to the control period, especially in the exotic plantation cover type. The regions that were most affected by fire (i.e., total area burned) during the MD were Maule, Bío‐Bío, and Araucanía (35–39° S) that concentrate >75% of forest plantations in Chile. Although both maximum temperatures and precipitation are drivers of fire activity, a simple attribution analysis indicates that the sustained rainfall deficit during 2010–2015 was the most critical factor in the enhanced fire activity. Future climate change predictions indicate more recurrent, intense, and temporally extended droughts for central and south‐central Chile. Under this scenario, land‐use planning and fire and forest management strategies must promote a more diverse and less flammable landscape mosaic limiting high load, homogenous, and continuous exotic plantations.
Fertilization success in scallop aggregations: reconciling model predictions and field measurements of density effects
Authors: Bayer S. R. , Wahle R. A. , Brady D. C. , Jumars P. A. , Stokesbury K. D. E. , Carey J. D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThrough sperm limitation, population density can be a critical variable in fertilization success of marine broadcast spawners. The broadcast‐spawning sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus is a commercially important species that has rebounded in population abundance within fishing closures imposed on Georges Bank (GB) and in the Mid‐Atlantic (MA). Using video surveys, we tested whether closure increased population density, degree of aggregation and body size of sea scallops. Population densities and shell heights (SHs) were consistently higher in closed areas, significantly so in the MA. Shell height was significantly greater in all closed areas. Influence of area closure on degree of aggregation was less consistent. Using observed spatial patterns of adult scallops on GB and MA and classic steady‐state sperm‐plume models, we modeled expected fertilization success for two spawning populations with a 10‐fold difference in adult density. To test model calculations, we measured fertilization success of manipulated scallop populations of these two densities over the 2012 spawning season in the Damariscotta River tidal estuary in mid‐coast Maine. Contrary to predictions, our field experiments revealed no strong effects of population density on fertilization success. We did see significant spatial autocorrelation in adult scallop abundance, however, suggesting greater aggregation at low population densities within several days of high fertilization success on our recorded peak spawning date. Small‐scale behavioral adaptation that reduces nearest‐neighbor distances at low population sizes may ameliorate the effect of low mean density on fertilization success. Given the exponential relationship between SH and gonad mass, the greater average SH in fishing closures on GB and the MA imply that these regions may be particularly valuable by producing substantially more larvae per capita than areas open to fishing. Positive impact of high density on fertilization success predicted by fertilization models was not borne out, however, in our field trials over a 10‐fold density difference. We observed higher‐than‐predicted fertilization success in our low‐density treatment, which may be an encouraging sign that the reproductive performance of broadcast‐spawning scallops at low mean densities could be greater than expected possibly due to aggregation behavior.
Local differentiation in tree growth responses to climate
Authors: Canham Charles D. , Murphy Lora , Riemann Rachel , McCullough Richard , Burrill Elizabeth 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany temperate tree species have extraordinarily broad distributions along gradients of temperature and precipitation. But it is not clear in most species whether this reflects very broad tolerance of climate conditions, or a high degree of genetic differentiation or phenotypic acclimation in their responses to local climate. Provenance trials and common garden experiments indicate that at least some tree species of the temperate forests of eastern North America show genetic differentiation in growth as a function of climate, although these studies have been largely limited to measurements on growth of seedlings and saplings. To test for evidence of either adaptation or acclimation in adult response to local climatic conditions, we used data from over 23,000 tree cores collected by the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis program in the 1980s for 14 tree species distributed in states from Maine to Ohio. We tested a suite of alternate models for interannual variation in radial growth as a function of (1) tree age, (2) size, (3) temperature, and (4) precipitation. The models included climate variables from both the current and previous year. The alternate models allowed us to test whether growth was best predicted from absolute values of the climate variables, or from deviation of current or previous year climate from long‐term average at the location of an individual tree core. In all 14 species, models that used deviation from local, long‐term mean climate were superior, indicating that all 14 species showed strong adaptation or acclimation to local climate. In most of the species, growth was highest in years that were cooler and wetter than long‐term average at a location. The analysis does not allow us to distinguish between genetic differentiation and phenotypic acclimation responses. If the results are genetically based, trees within a given location could be much more sensitive to climate change than indicated by the very broad geographic distributions of these temperate tree species, but if the results are phenotypic, this would represent local acclimation that could help buffer species in the face of climate change.