bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of white spot lesions among patients treated with clear aligners and traditional braces
Authors: Buschang Peter H. , Chastain David , Keylor Cameron L. , Crosby Doug , Julien Katie C. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:To compare the incidence of white spot lesions (WSLs) among patients treated with aligners and those treated with traditional braces.Materials and Methods:A group of 244 aligner patients (30.4 ± 14 years) was compared to a group of 206 patients (29.2 ± 11.5 years) treated with traditional fixed braces. Consecutive cases in the late mixed or permanent dentitions who had high-quality pre- and posttreatment digital photographs available were included in the study. Each set of photographs was independently evaluated by two investigators to determine pretreatment oral hygiene (OH), fluorosis, and WSLs, as well as changes in OH and WSLs during treatment.Results:Approximately 1.2% of the aligner patients developed WSLs, compared to 26% of the traditionally treated patients. The numbers of WSLs that developed were also significantly (P &lt; .001) less among the aligner patients. The aligner patients developed three new WSLs, while the traditionally treated patients developed 174 WSLs. The incidence of WSLs was greater for the maxillary than for the mandibular teeth, and it was greater for the canines than for the incisors. For the patients treated with traditional braces, fair or poor pretreatment OH, worsening of OH during treatment, preexisting WSLs, and longer treatment duration significantly (P &lt; .05) increased the risk of developing WSLs during treatment.Conclusions:Patients treated with aligners have less risk of developing WSLs than do patients treated with traditional braces, which could be partially due to shorter treatment duration, or better pretreatment OH.
Primo Levi - Uma vida a descobrir
Authors: Gama Russo Ana Lúcia Rodrigues 
Published: December 2018

ResumoPrimo Levi, químico italiano, participou da resistência italiana, e, judeu, foi capturado e levado a Auschwitz. Ao fim da segunda guerra mundial, retomou suas atividades na indústria, e iniciou a de escritor. Em suas memórias do Holocausto, a Química, seus elementos, e as habilidades necessárias nas suas práticas servem de fios construtores. Se a História da Ciência se constitui como uma área de interface, ela é interdisciplinar e, o livro A Tabela Periódica, como leitura contextualizada do período, mescla elementos históricos e científicos que permearam a construção do conhecimento. Por meio da leitura, a Química deixa de ser apenas ciência e se torna vivência. A Química, a matéria e suas transformações se tornam uma lente de mundo. A leitura de dois capítulos do livro foi mediada junto a alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. O objetivo foi compreender a possibilidade de emprego de sua leitura na formação de alunos do ensino médio, visando a interdisciplinaridade e despertar o interesse pela leitura. Observamos desconhecimento básico sobre acontecimentos recentes da história da humanidade, dificuldades na interpretação de texto, contudo percebemos após a leitura guiada dos dois capítulos uma melhor interpretação e compreensão dos fatos.Palavras chave: História da Ciência; História da Química; Ensino de Química; Primo Levi. AbstractPrimo Levi, an Italian chemist and Jewish men that had been a part of the Italian résistance movement, was captured and taken to Auschwitz during the World War II. After the war, he resumed his activities in the chemical industry and started a career as a writer. In his memories about the Holocaust, Chemistry, its elements and the abilities needed to its praxis, serve as conducting wire. If History of Science is an interface area, it is also interdisciplinary and his book, Periodic Table, as contextual reading of the period, has both historical and scientific elements that contribute to the construction of knowledge. Through the reading Chemistry is no longer just a science, it is experience. Chemistry becomes a lens through which to see the world. The reading of two chapters of the book was mediate amongst two different high school classrooms. The goal was to understand the possibility to use the reading in high school Education, aiming interdisciplinary formats and to promote the habit of reading. It was observed a lack of knowledge about recent events in human history and difficult to read the text, but it was also observed an improvement of both throughout the activity. Keywords: History of Science; History of Chemistry; Chemistry Teaching; Primo Levi.
Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Home Range and Habitat Use in Two Romanian Habitats
Authors: Jánoska Ferenc , Farkas Attila , Marosán Miklós , Fodor József-Tamás 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
During our research we utilized data provided by GPS collars to compare the spatial patterns of wild boars living in lowland and high-hilly regions. Five wild boars were fitted with GPS Plus (Vectronic) type collars. The two aforementioned investigated habitat areas were as follows: a high-hilly hunting ground from the foot of the Bodoc Mountains (Covasna County), and the meeting point of Olt and Danube rivers in the southern part of the country (Teleorman County). The average daily wild boar activity varied between 2.9 and 3.1 km in the lowlands and between 3.6 and 4.9 km in the higher situated habitats. The average daily movement area calculated with the minimum convex polygon method was between 60.3 and 112.5 ha/day in the lowlands and between 113.5 and 125.2 ha/day in the high-hilly regions. The movement area of the wild boars calculated with the MCP method varied between 1,060 and 1,2001 hectares in lowlands and between 8,689 and 9,463 hectares in higher altitudes. Our data proved inadequate at testing whether or not large carnivores affect wild boar activity patterns. Habitat use analysis produced interesting results: even in a very diverse habitat, every collared individual preferred green forests. We found negative preference for agricultural fields in both habitats.
Spam Review Classification Using Ensemble of Global and Local Feature Selectors
Authors: Ansari Gunjan , Ahmad Tanvir , Doja Mohammad Najmud 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In our work, we propose an ensemble of local and global filter-based feature selection method to reduce the high dimensionality of feature space and increase accuracy of spam review classification. These selected features are then used for training various classifiers for spam detection. Experimental results with four classifiers on two available datasets of hotel reviews show that the proposed feature selector improves the performance of spam classification in terms of well-known performance metrics such as AUC score.
Dichotomized Incenter Fuzzy Triangular Ranking Approach to Optimize Interval Data Based Transportation Problem
Authors: Srivastava Pankaj Kumar , Bisht Dinesh C. S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This research article discusses the problems having flexible demand, supply and cost in range referred as interval data based transportation problems and these cannot be solved directly using available methods. The uncertainty associated with these types of problems motivates authors to tackle it by converting interval to fuzzy numbers. This confront of conversion has been achieved by proposing a dichotomic fuzzification approach followed by a unique triangular incenter ranking approach to optimize interval data based transportation problems. A comparison with existing methods is made with the help of numerical illustrations. The algorithm proposed is found prompt in terms of the number of iteration involved and problem formation. This method is practical to handle the transportation problems not having a single valued data, but data in form of a range.
Correlation between profitability and transfer activity in European football
Authors: Fürész Diána Ivett 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The transfer market of European football can be classified as a system. In this system, the effectiveness of participant teams can depend on the activity in players’ transfers. This article assesses the utility of network analysis in analysing connections between the mentioned concepts. The hypothesis is that there is causality between a club’s activity in the transfer market and its profit from transfers. This research is based on empirical transfer data of major soccer teams, which have had a significant role in the last 12 years in Europe. It is assumed that the most active clubs in the transfer system have more financial power in the transfer market, while teams which are not active in transfers have less profit from transfers. In the network analysis, the teams can be defined as a set of nodes and connected by edges (interactions). The thickness of the edges and the size of the nodes depend on the volume of transfers among clubs. The number of interactions and the amount of the transfer price can measure this volume also. Considering the results of network indices, the relationships between the two phenomena were reviewed. In order to explore these relationships, the correlations among all of the relevant variables in the transfer market were also measured.
Cluster analysis and artificial neural networks in predicting energy efficiency of public buildings as a cost-saving approach
Authors: Zekić-Sušac Marijana , Scitovski Rudolf , Has Adela 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Although energy efficiency is a hot topic in the context of global climate change, in the European Union directives and in national energy policies, methodology for estimating energy efficiency still relies on standard techniques defined by experts in the field. Recent research shows a potential of machine learning methods that can produce models to assess energy efficiency based on available previous data. In this paper, we analyse a real dataset of public buildings in Croatia, extract their most important features based on the correlation analysis and chi-square tests, cluster the buildings based on three selected features, and create a prediction model of energy efficiency for each cluster of buildings using the artificial neural network (ANN) methodology. The main objective of this research was to investigate whether a clustering procedure improves the accuracy of a neural network prediction model or not. For that purpose, the symmetric mean average percentage error (SMAPE) was used to compare the accuracy of the initial prediction model obtained on the whole dataset and the separate models obtained on each cluster. The results show that the clustering procedure has not increased the prediction accuracy of the models. Those preliminary findings can be used to set goals for future research, which can be focused on estimating clusters using more features, conducted more extensive variable reduction, and testing more machine learning algorithms to obtain more accurate models which will enable reducing costs in the public sector.
Identifying the determinants that cause the value movements of currencies Denar, Kuna and Dinar
Authors: Bucevska Vesna , Mojanoski Goran 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the relationship of real exchange rates of domestic currencies with macroeconomic variables in Macedonia, Croatia and Serbia by using econometric approaches. Macedonia is characterized by the regime of a fixed exchange rate, Croatia is characterized by a managed floating exchange rate, while Serbia is characterized by the regime of a floating exchange rate. The choice of an exchange rate regime is an important aspect of economic management, in order to ensure competitiveness, macroeconomic stability and development. Evaluation of the relationship of Croatian, Macedonian and Serbian real exchange rates is performed by employing the consistent methodology of vector error correction modelling (VECM). According to the results of the analyses of the real exchange rates on the long run, the selected independent variables have long-run causality in case of the real exchange rate of Croatian Kuna. In case of Macedonian Denar and Serbian Dinar the VECM is inappropriate.
Online booking for travel and accommodation influenced by economic and digital development level: Position of the Western Balkan countries within Europe
Authors: Žmuk Berislav , Mihajlović Iris 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The expansion of the Internet has radically changed the way in which citizens travel, book and organise travel arrangements. Since innovation and new information technologies have become crucial determinants to encourage competitiveness in the tourism sector in Europe, this article investigates how selected development indicators influence the Percentage of individuals that use Internet for travel and accommodation services. Eurostat data for 34 European, European Union (EU-28) and selected EU candidates, countries for 2017 were analysed. It has been presented that (1) Gross Domestic Product per capita in Purchasing Power Standards; (2) Percentage of population aged 15 to 64, by tertiary education; as well as (3) Percentage of individuals aged 16 to 74, who have basic or above basic overall digital skills, all correlate positively and strongly with the main variable under study. The conducted regression analysis has shown that variable digital skills has the greatest impact on the main variable under the study. The K-mean clustering of countries resulted with four clusters. The Western Balkan countries can be found in a cluster which has in average the lowest values of all four variables in compare to the averages of other three clusters.
The role of local institutions in the creation of an enabling environment for water project sustainability in Iringa District, Tanzania
Authors: Chumbula Jimson Joseph , Massawe Fatihiya Ally 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Sustainability of water projects is increasingly becoming an area of concern for researchers and development practitioners given the increased scarcity of water resources and the continued failure of many water projects in developing countries. The cited unsustainability of water projects indicates the lack of strong local institutions that would create an enabling environment. The argument put forward by this paper is that, for water resource projects to be sustainable there must be a well embedded local institution to facilitate effective supervision and management. This study was conducted in three villages of Iringa District to establish the role played by local institutions in creating an enabling environment for water project sustainability. The establishment of the roles played by various institutions was done through institutional mapping and focussed on the types and roles of each institution in ensuring sustainability of water projects. The findings show that the present institutional framework for the management of water supply and sanitation services in the study area is complex and has overlapping roles coupled with inadequate coordination and communication mechanisms. The binary regression model reveals that institutional related factors namely, project maintenance per annum and meetings conducted per annum, to be leading factors for sustainability. The study concludes that the coordination of various institutions is an important aspect for the sustainability of water projects. Therefore, local governments, donors and communities should make sure that technical aspects and regular follow-ups, as well as capacity building among members of the community and water user associations become an integral part of any water project for the realisation of sustainability.
An evaluation of vegetation health and the socioeconomic dimension of the vulnerability of Jharkhand state of India in climate change scenarios and their likely impact: a geospatial approach
Authors: Ahmad Firoz , Uddin Md Meraj , Goparaju Laxmi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Geospatial evaluation of various datasets is extremely important because it gives a better comprehension of the past, present and future and can therefore be significantly utilized in effective decision making strategies. This study examined the relationships, using geospatial tools, between various diversified datasets such as land use/land cover (LULC), long term Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based changes, long term forest fire points, poverty percentage, tribal percentage, forest fire hotspots, climate change vulnerability, agricultural vulnerability and future (2030) climate change anomalies (RCP-6) of Jharkhand state, India, for a better understanding and knowledge of its vegetation health, LULC, poverty, tribal population and future climate change impact. The long term NDVI (1982-2006) evaluation revealed negative change trends in seven northwest districts of Jharkhand state, these were: Hazaribag, Ramgarh, Palamu, Lohardaga, Chatra, Garhwa and Latehar. The forests as well as the agriculture of these districts have lost their greenness during this period. The forest fire frequency events were found to be more pronounced in the land use/land cover of “tropical lowland forests, broadleaved, evergreen, <1000 m” category, and were roughly twice the intensity of the “tropical mixed deciduous and dry deciduous forests” category. In the nine districts of Jharkhand it was found that 40 % of the population was living below the poverty line which is around twice the national average. The highest poverty districts, in percentage, were: Garwah (53.93), Palamu (49.24), Latehar (47.99) and Chatra (46.2). The southwest and south of Jharkhand state shows a tribal population density of more than 40%. The climate change vulnerability was found to be highest in the district of Saraikela followed by Pashchim Singhbhum, whereas agricultural vulnerability was found to be highest in the district of Pashchim Singhbhum followed by Saraikela, Garhwa, Simdega, Latehar, Palamu and Lohardaga. The temperature anomalies prediction for the year 2030 shows an increasing trend in temperature with values of 0.8°C to 1°C in the state of Jharkhand. The highest increases were observed in the districts of Pashchim Singhbhum, Simdega and Saraikela. Based on these evaluations we can conclude that a few of the districts of Jharkhand, such as Pashchim Singhbhum, Garhwa, Palamu and Latehar need to be prioritized for development on an urgent basis. The outcomes of this study would certainly guide the policymakers to prepare more robust plans when keeping in mind the future climate change impacts for the prioritization of various districts of Jharkhand which suffer from extreme poverty, diminished livelihood and insignificant agricultural productivity for the betterment of the people of Jharkhand based on their adaptive capacity.
Improving the grafted-plant rate in triploid watermelons by optimizing the water moisture in substrates and the usage of scion
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Pengcheng , Tian Hongmei , Jiang Haikun , Wang Yan , Fang Ling , Zhang Qian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The cost of growing triploid watermelon seedlings has increased due to their low-efficiency grafting. The first priority in growing seedless watermelon seedlings is increasing the grafted-plant and seed-utilization rates. This study aimed to improve the grafted-plant rate by screening the most suitable substrate formulation, optimizing water moisture in the substrate, and evaluating the effect of different scions to improve seed-utilization rate. Five combinations of substrate (S1 to S5) and seven relative humidity levels (45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75%) were used. Three types of scions (yellow bud, Ts-1; two cotyledons did not unfold, Ts-2; and first true leaf appeared, Ts-3) were tested. Results showed that the combination of S1 exhibited the best seed-utilization rate which was 71.6%. Moreover, the most suitable water moisture in the substrate ranged from 50% to 55%. The usage of the scion from Ts-3 significantly increased the grafting survival, grafted plant and seed-utilization rates by 13.7%, 10.1% and 22%, respectively, compared with the conventional method. Our study suggested that the best time to use the scion and the rootstock was during the seedling stage when the first true leaf unfolded. The proposed method decreased the production cost of seedlings and significantly improved the efficiency of grafting procedures. The results of this work are applicable to the technique of growing seedlings and can thus guide growers of high-quality grafted plants of triploid watermelon.
Production system effects on growth, pod yield and seed quality of organic faba bean in southern Italy
Authors: Amalfitano Carmine , Agrelli Diana , Borrelli Carlo , Cuciniello Antonio , Morano Giuseppe , Caruso Gianluca 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A research was carried out in southern Italy in order to evaluate the effects of two farming systems (open field, greenhouse) and five transplanting times (27 September, 11 October, 25 October, 8 November, 22 November) on plant growth, harvest precocity, fresh pod yield and seed quality of organic faba bean. Crop biomass and root expansion were higher in open field than in greenhouse. The fourth planting time resulted in the highest crop biomass, whereas the second crop cycle showed the highest leaf area index. Greenhouse crops showed higher precocity than the open field ones by about two weeks, as well as the first transplant; the delay in harvest beginning increased from the second to the fourth planting time. Both fresh pod and seeds yield were significantly higher in open field than under protected environment with the third and fourth planting times. Seed fiber and protein content showed higher values in greenhouse compared to open field and increased with the transplant delay. Seed polyphenols attained higher concentration in open field and with the two earliest planting times. Overall, 25 October to 8 November planting times in open field best fitted the southern Italy growing conditions in terms of pod yield, but the 27 September to 11 October planting times resulted in the highest harvest precocity, remarkably enhanced under greenhouse growing, whereas seed quality was controversial.
The role of media in community resilience: Hindsight bias in media narratives after the 2014 Genoa flood
Authors: Bracco Fabrizio , Modafferi Cinzia , Ferraris Luca 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Aim: A massive flood due to exceptional rainfalls devastated the town of Genoa on 9 October 2014. Media reports focused on the disaster, its causes and the political accountabilities. Reading facts after the event is commonly biased by the hindsight perspective and the aim of the paper is to investigate the amount and the potential effects of hindsight bias in terms of citizens risk perception and community resilience.
Method: We performed a qualitative analysis of the narratives in the national and local news reports during the aftermath to investigate occurrences of a blaming attitude and cognitive biases.
Results: The results showed a considerable amount of sentences that were focused on blaming the forecasters, the Civil Protection System, and the local administration. Many narratives were affected by hindsight bias and described the events as simple and linear chain reactions. This led to counterfactual biases, assuming that a simple intervention on a single factor could have prevented the tragic outcome.
Conclusion: We claim that the biased nature of the media narratives could affect the citizens’ risk perception and their attitude towards the institutions, increasing their exposure to future flood-related threats. We propose the appropriate language would generate correct cognitive frames and, therefore, safer behaviour.