bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast magnetic resonance fingerprinting for dynamic contrast‐enhanced studies in mice
Authors: Gu Yuning , Wang Charlie Y. , Anderson Christian E. , Liu Yuchi , Hu He , Johansen Mette L. , Ma Dan , Jiang Yun , Ramos‐Estebanez Ciro , Brady‐Kalnay Susann , Griswold Mark A. , Flask Chris A. , Yu Xin 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe goal of this study was to develop a fast MR fingerprinting (MRF) method for simultaneous T1 and T2 mapping in DCE‐MRI studies in mice.MethodsThe MRF sequences based on balanced SSFP and fast imaging with steady‐state precession were implemented and evaluated on a 7T preclinical scanner. The readout used a zeroth‐moment‐compensated variable‐density spiral trajectory that fully sampled the entire k‐space and the inner 10 × 10 k‐space with 48 and 4 interleaves, respectively. In vitro and in vivo studies of mouse brain were performed to evaluate the accuracy of MRF measurements with both fully sampled and undersampled data. The application of MRF to dynamic T1 and T2 mapping in DCE‐MRI studies were demonstrated in a mouse model of heterotopic glioblastoma using gadolinium‐based and dysprosium‐based contrast agents.ResultsThe T1 and T2 measurements in phantom showed strong agreement between the MRF and the conventional methods. The MRF with spiral encoding allowed up to 8‐fold undersampling without loss of measurement accuracy. This enabled simultaneous T1 and T2 mapping with 2‐minute temporal resolution in DCE‐MRI studies.ConclusionMagnetic resonance fingerprinting provides the opportunity for dynamic quantification of contrast agent distribution in preclinical tumor models on high‐field MRI scanners.
A thermomechanical anisotropic continuum model for geological materials with multiple joint sets
Authors: Vorobiev O. Yu. , Rubin M. B. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryJoints in geological materials introduce elastic compliance and weak planes on which sliding can occur. Although these materials can have multiple joint sets, they often have preferred orientations that cause both elastic and inelastic anisotropic response even when the unjointed material is isotropic. Azimuthal variations in radial velocity and polarity of tangential motion have been observed in experimental data for wave propagation caused by an initially spherical source in a geological material with multiple joint sets. This observed tangential ground motion was found to be related to mechanical anisotropy caused by preferred orientations of joints in the rock. This paper describes thermomechanical continuum constitutive equations, which model the effects of multiple persistent joint sets. A number of quasi‐static examples are considered, which show that the proposed model predicts anisotropic effects of sliding on multiple joint sets similar to those exhibited by computationally expensive mesoscale calculations, which model joint sets explicitly.
Synthesis of poly(ether ketone amide)s containing 4‐aryl‐2,6‐ diphenylpyridine moieties by a heterogeneous palladium‐catalyzed polycondensation of aromatic diiodides, aromatic diamines, and carbon monoxide
Authors: Tang Huali , Huang Bin , Zhu Xiaojun , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: May 2018

New aromatic poly(ether ketone amide)s containing 4‐aryl‐2,6‐diphenylpyridine units were prepared by the heterogeneous palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative polymerization of aromatic diiodides with ether ketone units, aromatic diamines bearing pyridine groups, and carbon monoxide. Polymerizations were performed inN,N‐dimethyl‐ acetamide (DMAc) at 120°C in the presence of a magnetic nanoparticles‐supported bidentate phosphine palladium complex [Fe3O4@SiO2‐2P‐PdCl2] as catalyst with 1,8‐diazabicycle[5,4,0]‐7‐undecene (DBU) as base and generated poly(ether ketone amide)s with inherent viscosities up to 0.79 dL/g. All the polymers were soluble in many organic solvents. These polymers showed glass transition temperatures between 219°C and 257°C and 10% weight loss temperatures ranging from 467°C to 508°C in nitrogen. These polyamides could be cast into transparent, flexible, and strong films from DMAc solution with tensile strengths of 86.4 to 113.7 MPa, tensile moduli of 2.34 to 3.19 GPa, and elongations at break of 5.2% to 6.9%. These polymers also exhibited good optical transparency with an ultraviolet‐visible absorption cut‐off wavelength in the 371 to 384‐nm range. Importantly, the new heterogeneous palladium catalyst can easily be recovered from the reaction mixture by simply applying an external magnet and recycled at least 8 times without significant loss of activity. Our catalytic system not only avoids the use of an excess of PPh3and prevents the formation of palladium black, but also solves the basic problems of palladium catalyst recovery and reuse.
Isothermal crystallization kinetics and subsequent melting behavior of β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene/graphene oxide composites with different ordered structure
Authors: Yu Yansong , Zeng Fangxinyu , Chen Jinyao , Kang Jian , Yang Feng , Cao Ya , Xiang Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe effects of ordered structure on isothermal crystallization kinetics and subsequent melting behavior of β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene/graphene oxide (iPP/GO) composites were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The ordered structure status was controlled by tuning the fusion temperature (Tf). The results showed that depending on the variation of crystallization rate, the whole Tf range could be divided into three regions: Region I (Tf > 179 °C), Region II (170 °C ≤ Tf ≤ 179 °C) and Region III (Tf < 170 °C). As Tf decreased from Region I to Region III, the crystallization rate would increase substantially at two transition points, due to the variation of the ordered structure status. Calculation of Avrami exponent n indicated that the ordered structure induced the formation of two‐dimensional growing crystallites rather than three‐dimensional growing crystallites. Moreover, in the case of isothermal crystallization, the ordered structure effect (OSE) can also greatly increase the relative content of β‐phase (βc). In Region II, OSE took place, resulting in evident increase of βc, achieving 92.4% at maximum. The variation of the isothermal crystallization temperature (Tiso) had little influence on the Tf range (Region II) of the OSE. The higher Tf in Region II was more favorable for the formation of higher βc. The ordered structure was favorable for the improvement of the nucleating efficiency of β‐nucleating agent (β‐NE), and was more effective for the improvement of lower β‐NE. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemotherapy‐associated cognitive impairments in Korean cancer patients: Risk factors and functional outcome
Authors: Kim Hee‐Ju , Barsevick Andrea M. , Chan Alexandre , Chae Jung‐woo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify those experiencing significant self‐reported cognitive decline over 2 time points during chemotherapy, examine the risk factors for cognitive decline, and examine differences between those with and without significant decline in functional limitations.MethodsThis secondary analysis used data from 163 cancer patients, collected from a Korean University hospital. Significant decline was determined by 15% or more reduction from baseline in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Cognitive Function. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate risk factors. Repeated‐measures ANOVA and t tests tested differences in groups with and without cognitive decline in cognitive impairment and functional limitation.ResultsAbout 31% (n = 51) experienced significant cognitive decline. Groups with and without decline significantly differed in cognitive‐impairment changes over time (F = 238.49, P < .001) and in functional limitations at follow‐up (t test, P < .01). Those experiencing increased fatigue over time (odds = 0.94, P < .05) and those who underwent 2 or more cycles between time 1 and 2 (odds = 2.61; P < .05) had higher risk of significant decline over time during chemotherapy.ConclusionSignificant cognitive decline occurred during active chemotherapy; attention to cognitive impairment should be given in the early phase of chemotherapy.
Robotic distal pancreatectomy: Comparison of spleen‐preservation by the Warshaw technique and splenectomy
Authors: Wang Shin‐E , Shyr Bor‐Uei , Chen Shih‐Chin , Shyr Yi‐Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes after robotic distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation (RDP‐SP) by the Warshaw technique and with splenectomy (RDP‐S) were compared.MethodsAll the data for patients undergoing robotic distal pancreatectomy (RDP) were prospectively collected.ResultsA total of 66 patients were included, with 33 in each group. The console time was significantly shorter in the RDP‐SP group than in the RDP‐S group (165 minutes vs. 220 minutes). The median blood loss was 50 cm3 in the RDP‐SP group and 100 cm3 in the RDP‐S group. The surgical morbidity was significantly lower in RDP‐SP group (18% vs. 58%). Spleen infarction (15%), gastric varices (6%) and perigastric varices (45%) after RDP‐SP were not associated with any subsequent complication. Postoperative platelet count and white blood cell (WBC) count were significantly higher in the RDP‐S group.ConclusionsBoth RDP‐SP and RDP‐S are feasible in selected patients. RDP‐SP is feasible and time‐saving. Although gastric/perigastric varices and spleen infarction are not uncommon after RDP‐SP, they appear to be clinically irrelevant.
Surface analysis of fine water‐atomized iron powder and sintered material
Authors: Wendel J. , Shvab R. , Cao Y. , Hryha E. , Nyborg L. 
Published: May 2018

Press and sinter is a core technology in powder metallurgy in which a metal powder is mixed with a lubricant and other additives and subsequently compacted at large mechanical pressures to create the desired shape. The component is then delubricated and finally sintered to strengthen the material. The end result of the sintering depends on both the physical properties of the powder such as particle size, morphology, and size distribution, as well as chemical properties like surface chemical composition and presence of surface oxides. In this study, the surface characteristics of 3 fractions of water‐atomized iron powder, sieved to −20, −45, and −75 μm, were investigated. This was done by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The powder was sintered while performing thermogravimetric analysis at 1350°C for 30 minutes in pure hydrogen. Results showed that powder of all 3 size fractions were mainly covered by a thin iron oxide layer but with some presence of submicron‐sized oxide particulates. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis showed reasonable agreement on the oxide layer thickness, while a size dependence was found with an enrichment of oxide particulates on the finer powder fractions. Fracture surfaces of the sintered material were analyzed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy + energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, which indicated that full reduction of all oxides was achieved. The sintering conditions were further related to the surface properties of the powder and its size fraction.
Multivariate analysis of ToF‐SIMS data using mass segmented peak lists
Authors: Madiona Robert M.T. , Welch Nicholas G. , Russell Stephanie B. , Winkler David A. , Scoble Judith A. , Muir Benjamin W. , Pigram Paul J. 
Published: May 2018

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) provides detailed molecular insight into the surface chemistry of a diverse range of material types. Extracting useful and specific information from the mass spectra and reducing the dimensionality of very large datasets are a challenge that has not been fully resolved. Multivariate analysis has been widely deployed to assist in the interpretation of ToF‐SIMS data. Principal component analysis is a popular approach that requires the generation of peak lists for every spectrum. Peak list sizes and the resulting data matrices are growing, complicating manual peak selection and analysis. Here we report the generation of very large ToF‐SIMS peak lists using up‐binning, the mass segmentation of spectral data in the range 0 to 300 m/z in 0.01 m/z intervals. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data acquired from a set of 4 standard polymers (polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and low‐density polyethylene) are used to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. The polymer types are discriminated to a moderate extent by principal component analysis but are easily skewed with saturated species or contaminants present in ToF‐SIMS data. Artificial neural networks, in the form of self‐organising maps, are introduced and provide a non‐linear approach to classifying data and focussing on similarities between samples. The classification outcome achieved is excellent for different polymer types and for spectra from a single polymer type generated by using different primary ions. This method offers great promise for the investigation of more complex systems including polymer classes and blends and mixtures of biological materials.
Surface analysis of iron and steel nanopowder
Authors: Manchili Swathi K. , Shvab Ruslan , Zehri Abdelhafid , Ye Lilei , Hryha Eduard , Liu Johan , Nyborg Lars 
Published: May 2018

High sinter density is desired in powder metallurgy components as the requirement for performance is increasing day‐by‐day. One of the promising ways to achieve improved densification during sintering is through the addition of nanopowder to the conventional micrometer sized metal powder. It is well known that the surface chemistry of the powder has a decisive effect on sintering and consequently the properties of the components produced. Extensive research has hence been conducted to elucidate the surface chemistry and its influence on sintering for powder used in conventional powder metallurgy. Nanopowder, owing to high surface to volume ratio, can contribute to the activation of sintering at lower temperatures and enhance the sinter density. In this context, the surface chemistry of the nanopowder is also expected to exhibit substantial influence on sintering. The present investigation is aimed at establishing a methodology to study the surface chemistry and oxide thickness of nanopowder. For this purpose, iron nanopowder of 3 different size fractions: 35 to 45, 40 to 60, and 60 to 80 nm with core‐shell structure were studied. Different approaches were adopted to evaluate the shell thickness of the iron nanoparticles. The methodology was developed and tried on low alloy steel nanopowder to measure oxide thickness. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to study the nanopowder. Results from different core‐shell models for iron nanopowder were found to be consistent except in the case where depth profiling was taken into account. The results were in agreement with the values obtained from thermogavimetry‐surface area correlation.
Contributions to the Life History of Kuskokwim River Inconnu
Authors: Stuby Lisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA radiotelemetry study conducted during 2007–2016 in the Kuskokwim River drainage in Alaska expands our understanding of the life history strategies of Inconnu Stenodus leucichthys. The Inconnu like other whitefish species has specific spawning habitat requirements and consequently spawn in very few areas. Documenting specific spawning, feeding, and overwintering areas is the necessary first step to ensure their habitats are protected. Four spawning areas in the upper Kuskokwim River were identified from radio‐tracking and verified with on‐site sampling. Inconnu arrived at their spawning areas during late July through mid‐September and spawned during late September through early October. Postspawning outmigration occurred during 1–1.5 weeks in mid‐October. Most radio‐tagged Inconnu made extensive postspawning downriver migrations and overwintered in the lower Kuskokwim River and in the brackish waters of the upper Kuskokwim Bay; however, some Inconnu made only short postspawning migrations and spent the winter in the middle and upper Kuskokwim River. After spring ice out, many fish that overwintered in the lower river swam upriver and spent summers feeding at the mouths of major tributaries. A high degree of site fidelity among years was observed for spawning, feeding, and overwintering areas. Habitat characteristics of spawning areas were similar with respect to spawning substrate, temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Information gathered from this study can be used by to identify a reliable index stock for the spawning population that can be enumerated periodically to ensure the long‐term sustainability of the population.
Comparison of hair‐trapping methods for the long‐tailed goral
Authors: Park Hee‐Bok , Park Hee Cheon , Cowan Phil E. , Hong Sungwon 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn South Korea, there is a need for more ecological information about endangered herbivores such as the long‐tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus). This species lives in steep, rocky valleys and is difficult to trap and study. Noninvasive hair capture techniques have frequently been applied to carnivores to enable DNA or isotope analysis. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of hair‐trapping using a population of goral in the Wangpi River basin in South Korea. To compare efficiency of the different shapes of hair traps, we used barbed traps at 4 (2008) and 9 sites (2009), and a hook‐style trap (2010) with barbed traps at each of 15 sites. In 2008, we collected 15 hairs at all 4 sites with barbs. In 2009, we obtained 48 hairs at 8 of the 9 sites using barbs; and in 2010, we collected 99 hairs (barbed: 50 hairs, hook traps: 49 hairs) at 10 of the 15 sites using both traps. In 2010, the 2 shapes of hair traps were equally efficient at providing samples. We concluded that the hair‐trapping method allows for noninvasive monitoring of the endangered goral, and could be used to monitor other species in South Korea. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Introduction to surface engineering Peter A. Dearnley
Authors: Brookes Kenneth J.A. 
Published: May 2018

This is an excellent book. It is, moreover, comprehensive without being, or claiming to be, exhaustive. Thus it will continue to fulfil its remit even in the light of further developments or discoveries, whereas otherwise it might soon have seemed obsolete or obsolescent. Unsurprisingly, in view of the author’s varied experience at Sandvik Hard Materials and elsewhere, much of this well-illustrated book is of immediate interest to readers in the important hardmetals industry. With its many references, it’s also very much an anthology of previous research, and most powder metallurgists will gain from having this useful manual on their bookshelf. Since my review is aimed specifically at those engaged in the PM industry, I’ve looked at each chapter in turn and attempted to indicate its PM significance.
Cardiovascular Responses During Resistance Exercise in Patients With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Miyasato Roberto S. , Silva‐Batista Carla , Peçanha Tiago , Low David A. , de Mello Marco T. , Piemonte Maria E.P. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Forjaz Cláudia L.M. , Kanegusuku Hélcio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Parkinson disease (PD) present cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction that impairs blood pressure control. However, cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise are unknown in these patients.ObjectiveTo investigate cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise performed with different muscle masses in patients with PD.DesignProspective, repeated‐measures.SettingExercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo.ParticipantsThirteen patients with PD (4 women, 62.7 ± 1.3 years, stages 2‐3 of the modified Hoehn and Yahr scale; “on” state of medication) and 13 paired control patients without PD (7 women, 66.2 ± 2.0 years).InterventionsBoth groups performed, in a random order, bilateral and unilateral knee extension exercises (2 sets, 10‐12 maximal repetition, 2‐minute intervals).Main Outcome MeasurementsSystolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were assessed before (pre) and during the exercises.ResultsIndependent of set and exercise type, SBP and HR increases were significantly lower in PD than the control group (combined values: +45 ± 2 versus +73 ± 4 mm Hg and +18 ± 1 versus +31 ± 2 bpm, P = .003 and .007, respectively). Independently of group and set, the SBP increase was greater in the bilateral than the unilateral exercise (combined values: +63 ± 4 versus +54 ± 3 mm Hg, P = .002), whereas the HR increase was similar. In addition, independently of group and exercise type, the SBP increase was greater in the second than the first set (combined values: +56 ± 4 versus +61 ± 4 mm Hg, P = .04), whereas the HR increases were similar.ConclusionsPatients with PD present attenuated increases in SBP and HR during resistance exercise in comparison with healthy subjects. These results support that resistance exercise is safe and well tolerated for patients with PD from a cardiovascular point of view supporting its recommendation for this population.Level of EvidenceII
Patients With Chronic Spinal Pain Benefit From Pain Neuroscience Education Regardless the Self‐Reported Signs of Central Sensitization: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial
Authors: Malfliet Anneleen , Kregel Jeroen , Meeus Mira , Danneels Lieven , Cagnie Barbara , Roussel Nathalie , Nijs Jo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPain neuroscience education is effective in chronic pain management. Central sensitization (ie, generalized hypersensitivity) is often explained as the underlying mechanism for chronic pain, because of its clinical relevance and influence on pain severity, prognosis, and treatment outcome.ObjectivesTo examine whether patients with more or fewer symptoms of central sensitization respond differently to pain neuroscience education.DesignA secondary analysis of a multicenter, triple‐blind randomized controlled trial.SettingUniversity Hospital Ghent and University Hospital Brussels, Belgium.Patients120 persons with chronic spinal pain with high or low self‐reported symptoms of central sensitization.InterventionsPain neuroscience education or neck/back school. Both interventions were delivered in 3 sessions: 1 group session, 1 online session, and 1 individual session.Main Outcome Measuresdisability (primary), pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, illness perceptions, and hypervigilance.ResultsPain disability did not change in any group (P = .242). Regarding secondary outcomes: significant interaction effects were found for pain catastrophizing (P‐values: P = .02 to P = .05), kinesiophobia (P = .02), and several aspects of illness perceptions (chronicity: P = .002; negative consequences: P = .02; personal control: P = .02; and cyclicity: P = .02). Bonferroni post hoc analysis showed that only the pain neuroscience education group (high and low self‐reported symptoms of central sensitization) showed a significant improvement regarding kinesiophobia (P < .001, medium effect sizes), perceived negative consequence (P = .004 and P < .001, small to medium effect sizes), and perceived cyclicity of the illness (P = .01 and P = .01, small effect sizes). Pain catastrophizing only significantly reduced in people with high self‐reported central sensitization symptoms (P < .05).ConclusionPain neuroscience education is useful in all patients with chronic spinal pain as it improves kinesiophobia and the perceived negative consequences and cyclicity of the illness regardless the self‐reported signs of central sensitization. Regarding pain catastrophizing, pain neuroscience education is more effective in patients with high self‐reported symptoms of central sensitization.Level of EvidenceI