bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARDESIA: A fast silicon drift detector X‐ray spectrometer for synchrotron applications
Authors: Hafizh Idham , Bellotti Giovanni , Carminati Marco , Utica Gianlorenzo , Gugiatti Matteo , Balerna Antonella , Tullio Vinicio , Borghi Giacomo , Picciotto Antonio , Ficorella Francesco , Zorzi Nicola , Capsoni Andrea , Coelli Simone , Bombelli Luca , Fiorini Carlo 
Published: February 2019

ARDESIA, a four‐channel X‐ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detectors (SDDs), is presented. It has been developed for synchrotron applications targeting especially X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with good energy resolution at high count rates (a few Mcps per second). The main target applications are XRF and XAFS techniques. The system features a 2 × 2 monolithic array of 5‐mm‐pitch SDDs cooled with a double Peltier scheme and coupled to a four‐channel CUBE charge preamplifier. Different digital pulse processors allowing operation in Mcps per second count rates are employed. The results of preliminary characterization measurements performed at both the LNF DAΦNE‐Light DXR1 beamline and the ESRF LISA BM‐08 are reported, in particular, XRF measurements on low atomic number elements (down to the Carbon K‐line, 270 eV) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure of trace materials in pyrite.
Examining the interplay of self‐esteem, trait‐emotional intelligence, and age with depression across adolescence
Authors: Gardner Alex A. , Lambert Chad A. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionWhile there has been much empirical work demonstrating the deleterious effects of low self‐esteem on adolescent depression, very little of this has been conducted in low‐to middle‐income countries. Furthermore, one's trait‐emotional intelligence (TEI) has rarely been examined in interaction with self‐esteem to predict adolescent depression. To address these gaps, the current brief report examined the interacting effects of TEI on the associations of self‐esteem and depressive symptoms. Age differences were also considered given developmental trends indicating significant variability in depression across adolescence.MethodsA cross‐sectional sample of 334 Jamaican adolescents aged 10–18 years (M = 14.74, SD = 1.95, 51% boys) completed surveys measuring self‐esteem, TEI and depressive symptoms.Results & conclusionsOlder adolescents reported greater depressive symptoms and less self‐esteem compared to younger adolescents, and correlations showed that less self‐esteem and TEI associated with more depressive symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed a significant three‐way interaction whereby the buffering effect of TEI on the association of self‐esteem and depressive symptoms was different for younger vs older adolescents. The findings provide further support for the effects of self‐esteem and TEI on depressive symptoms, and indicate the importance for future studies in the Caribbean to examine these associations over time given the significant age differences revealed.
Brain and cognitive correlates of sleep fragmentation in elderly subjects with and without cognitive deficits
Authors: André Claire , Tomadesso Clémence , de Flores Robin , Branger Pierre , Rehel Stéphane , Mézenge Florence , Landeau Brigitte , de la Sayette Vincent , Eustache Francis , Chételat Gaël , Rauchs Géraldine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionSleep disturbances are increasingly recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, no study has assessed the relationships between objective sleep fragmentation (SF) and brain and cognitive integrity across different cognitive stages, from cognitively unimpaired elderly subjects to patients with subjective cognitive decline and/or mild cognitive impairment.Methods30 cognitively unimpaired elderly participants and 36 patients with subjective cognitive decline and/or mild cognitive impairment underwent a neuropsychological evaluation, structural MRI, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose, and 18F‐florbetapir‐PET scans, and an actigraphy recording over a minimum of six consecutive nights. Multiple regression and mediation analyses were performed between SF parameters, neuroimaging data, and cognitive scores.ResultsIn cognitively unimpaired elderly participants, SF intensity mediated the association between frontohippocampal hypometabolism and lower executive functioning. Moreover, to a lower extent, increased SF variability was related to thalamic atrophy and ventromedial prefrontal amyloid burden. However, in patients with subjective cognitive decline and/or mild cognitive impairment, SF no longer contributed to the expression of cognitive deficits.DiscussionThese findings suggest that SF may directly contribute to lower cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired elderly subjects. Therefore, treating sleep disturbances before the onset of cognitive deficits may help to cope with brain alterations and maintain cognitive functioning.
The efficacy of cariprazine in negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Post hoc analyses of PANSS individual items and PANSS-derived factors
Authors: Fleischhacker Wolfgang , Galderisi Silvana , Laszlovszky István , Szatmári Balázs , Barabássy Ágota , Acsai Károly , Szalai Erzsébet , Harsányi Judit , Earley Willie , Patel Mehul , Németh György 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground:Negative symptoms in schizophrenia are heterogeneous and multidimensional; effective treatments are lacking. Cariprazine, a dopamine D3-preferring D3/D2receptor partial agonist and serotonin 5-HT1Areceptor partial agonist, was significantly more effective than risperidone in treating negative symptoms in a prospectively designed trial in patients with schizophrenia and persistent, predominant negative symptoms.Methods:Using post hoc analyses, we evaluated change from baseline at week 26 in individual items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and PANSS-derived factor models using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population (cariprazine = 227; risperidone = 227).Results:Change from baseline was significantly different in favor of cariprazine versus risperidone on PANSS items N1-N5 (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive/apathetic social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking) (P<.05), but not on N6 (lack of spontaneity/flow of conversation) or N7 (stereotyped thinking). On all PANSS-derived negative symptom factor models evaluated (PANSS-Factor Score for Negative Symptoms, Liemburg factors, Khan factors, Pentagonal Structure Model Negative Symptom factor), statistically significant improvement was demonstrated for cariprazine versus risperidone (P<.01). Small and similar changes in positive/depressive/EPS symptoms suggested that negative symptom improvement was not pseudospecific. Change from baseline was significantly different for cariprazine versus risperidone on PANSS-based factors evaluating other relevant symptom domains (disorganized thoughts, prosocial function, cognition;P<.05).Conclusions:Since items representing different negative symptom dimensions may represent different fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms, significant improvement versus risperidone on most PANSS Negative Subscale items and across all PANSS-derived factors suggests broad-spectrum efficacy for cariprazine in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Path Planning of Complex Pipe Joints Welding with Redundant Robotic Systems
Authors: Ghariblu H. , Shahabi M. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a path planning algorithm for robotic systems with excess degrees of freedom (DOF) for welding of intersecting pipes is presented. At first step, the procedure of solving the inverse kinematics considering system kinematic redundancy is developed. The robotic system consists of a 6 DOF robotic manipulator installed on a railed base with linear motion. Simultaneously, the main pipe is able to rotate about its longitudinal axis. The system redundancy is employed to improve weld quality. Three different simulation studies are performed to show the effect of the robotic system kinematic redundancy to plan a better path for the welding of intersecting pipes. In the first case, it is assumed that robotic manipulator base and main pipe are fixed, and the path is planned only with manipulator joints motion. In the second case, only the robot base is free to move and the main pipe is fixed, and in the third case, the main pipe is free to rotate together with the base of the manipulator. It is seen that kinematic constraints according to the system’s redundancy will help to plan the most efficient path for the welding of complex pipe joints.
Longitudinal changes in maternal anthropometry in relation to neonatal anthropometry
Authors: Pugh Sarah J , Ortega-Villa Ana M , Grobman William , Hinkle Stefanie N , Newman Roger B , Hediger Mary , Grewal Jagteshwar , Wing Deborah A , Albert Paul S , Grantz Katherine L 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the association of longitudinal changes in maternal anthropometric measures with neonatal anthropometry and to assess to what extent late-gestational changes in maternal anthropometry are associated with neonatal body composition.DesignIn a prospective cohort of pregnant women, maternal anthropometry was measured at six study visits across pregnancy and after birth, neonates were measured and fat and lean mass calculated. We estimated maternal anthropometric trajectories and separately assessed rate of change in the second (15–28 weeks) and third trimester (28–39 weeks) in relation to neonatal anthropometry. We investigated the extent to which tertiles of third-trimester maternal anthropometry change were associated with neonatal outcomes.SettingWomen were recruited from twelve US sites (2009–2013).ParticipantsNon-obese women with singleton pregnancies (n 2334).ResultsA higher rate of increase in gestational weight gain was associated with larger-birth-weight infants with greater lean and fat mass. In contrast, higher rates of increase in maternal anthropometry measures were not associated with infant birth weight but were associated with decreased neonatal lean mass. In the third trimester, women in the tertile of lowest change in triceps skinfold (−0·57 to −0·06 mm per week) had neonates with 35·8 g more lean mass than neonates of mothers in the middle tertile of rate of change (−0·05 to 0·06 mm per week).ConclusionsThe rate of change in third-trimester maternal anthropometry measures may be related to neonatal lean and fat mass yet have a negligible impact on infant birth weight, indicating that neonatal anthropometry may provide additional information over birth weight alone.
HD 101584: circumstellar characteristics and evolutionary status
Authors: Olofsson H. , Khouri T. , Maercker M. , Bergman P. , Doan L. , Tafoya D. , Vlemmings W. H. T. , Humphreys E. M. L. , Lindqvist M. , Nyman L. , Ramstedt S. 
Published: February 2019

Context. There is growing evidence that red giant evolution is often affected by an interplay with a nearby companion, in some cases taking the form of a common-envelope evolution.
Aims. We have performed a study of the characteristics of the circumstellar environment of the binary object HD 101584, that provides information on a likely evolutionary scenario.
Methods. We have obtained and analysed ALMA observations, complemented with observations using APEX, of a large number of molecular lines. An analysis of the spectral energy distribution has also been performed.
Results. Emissions from 12 molecular species (not counting isotopologues) have been observed, and most of them mapped with angular resolutions in the range 0.′′1–0.′′6. Four circumstellar components are identified: (i) a central compact source of size ≈0.′′15, (ii) an expanding equatorial density enhancement (a flattened density distribution in the plane of the orbit) of size ≈3′′, (iii) a bipolar high-velocity outflow (≈150 km s−1), and (iv) an hourglass structure. The outflow is directed almost along the line of sight. There is evidence of a second bipolar outflow. The mass of the circumstellar gas is ≈0.5 [D/1 kpc]2 M⊙, about half of it lies in the equatorial density enhancement. The dust mass is ≈0.01 [D/1 kpc]2 M⊙, and a substantial fraction of this is in the form of large-sized, up to 1 mm, grains. The estimated kinetic age of the outflow is ≈770 [D/1 kpc] yr. The kinetic energy and the scalar momentum of the accelerated gas are estimated to be 7 × 1045 [D/1 kpc]2 erg and 1039 [D/1 kpc]2 g cm s−1, respectively.
Conclusions. We provide good evidence that the binary system HD 101584 is in a post-common-envelope-evolution phase, that ended before a stellar merger. Isotope ratios combined with stellar mass estimates suggest that the primary star’s evolution was terminated already on the first red giant branch (RGB). Most of the energy required to drive the outflowing gas was probably released when material fell towards the companion.
It's not just about protein turnover: the role of ribosomal biogenesis and satellite cells in the regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Brook Matthew Stewart , Wilkinson Daniel James , Smith Ken , Atherton Philip James 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSkeletal muscle has indispensable roles in regulating whole body health (e.g. glycemic control, energy consumption) and, in being central in locomotion, is crucial in maintaining quality‐of‐life. Therefore, understanding the regulation of muscle mass is of significant importance. Resistance exercise training (RET) combined with supportive nutrition is an effective strategy to achieve muscle hypertrophy by driving chronic elevations in muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The regulation of muscle protein synthesis is a coordinated process, in requiring ribosomes to translate mRNA and sufficient myonuclei density to provide the platform for ribosome and mRNA transcription; as such MPS is determined by both translational efficiency (ribosome activity) and translational capacity (ribosome number). Moreover, as the muscle protein pool expands during hypertrophy, translation capacity (i.e. ribosomes and myonuclei content) could theoretically become rate‐limiting such that an inability to expand these pools through ribosomal biogenesis and satellite cell (SC) mediated myonuclear addition could limit growth potential. Simple measures of RNA (ribosome content) and DNA (SC/Myonuclei number) concentrations reveal that these pools do increase with hypertrophy; yet whether these adaptations are a pre‐requisite or a limiting factor for hypertrophy is unresolved and highly debated. This is primarily due to methodological limitations and many assumptions being made on static measures or correlative associations. However recent advances within the field using stable isotope tracers shows promise in resolving these questions in muscle adaptation.
CRISPR-pass: Gene rescue of nonsense mutations using adenine base editors
Authors: Lee Choongil , Jo Dong Hyun , Hwang Gue-Ho , Yu Jihyeon , Kim Jin Hyoung , Park Se-eun , Kim Jin-Soo , Kim Jeong Hun , Bae Sangsu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA nonsense mutation is a substitutive mutation in a DNA sequence that causes a premature termination during translation and produces stalled proteins resulting in dysfunction of a gene. Although it usually induces severe genetic disorders, there are no definite methods for inducing read-through of premature termination codons (PTCs). Here, we present a targeted tool for bypassing PTCs, named CRISPR-pass that uses CRISPR-mediated adenine base editors. CRISPR-pass, which should be applicable to 95.5% of clinically significant nonsense mutations in the ClinVar database, rescues protein synthesis in patient-derived fibroblasts, suggesting potential clinical utility.
A non-enzymatic function associated with a putative histone demethylase licenses epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Raiymbek Gulzhan , An Sojin , Khurana Nidhi , Gopinath Saarang , Trievel Raymond , Cho Uhn-soo , Ragunathan Kaushik 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTH3K9 methylation (H3K9me) specifies the establishment and maintenance of transcriptionally silent epigenetic states or heterochromatin. The enzymatic erasure of histone modifications is widely assumed to be the primary mechanism that resets epigenetic states during and after DNA replication. Here, we demonstrate that a putative histone-demethylase Epe1 in fission yeast, regulates epigenetic inheritance through a non-enzymatic process. Mutations that map to its putative catalytic domain disrupt its interaction with Swi6HP1 and heterochromatin specific pattern of localization without any requirement for enzymatic activity. Epe1 and Swi6HP1 form an inhibitory complex which displaces histone deacetylases from sites of heterochromatin formation. Sequence-specific recruitment of a histone deacetylase, Clr3 renders heterochromatin refractory to the anti-silencing functions of Epe1 and licenses the inheritance of epigenetic states in cis. Epigenetic inheritance solely depends on the read-write activity of the H3K9 methyltransferase Clr4 which competes with genome-wide nucleosome turnover processes in the absence of enzymatic erasure.
Impact of timing of delivery on maternal and neonatal outcomes for women after three previous caesarean deliveries; a secondary analysis of the caesarean section registry
Authors: Breslin N , Vander Haar E , Friedman AM , Duffy C , Gyamfi‐Bannerman C 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundAs more women are presenting with three previous caesarean deliveries (CD), providers may suggest early term delivery as a means to avoid the risk of spontaneous labour and associated maternal morbidity.ObjectiveTo determine whether early term delivery is associated with lower maternal and neonatal morbidity for women with three previous CD.Study designSecondary analysis of a prospective registry of CD at 19 US academic centres from 1999 to 2002.PopulationWomen with three previous CD undergoing scheduled or emergent delivery with live, singleton gestations 37–41+ weeks of gestation were included. Women with non‐low transverse incisions, antepartum stillbirth, previous myomectomy, fetal anomalies, more or fewer than three previous CD or attempting trial of labour after caesarean section were excluded.MethodsGestational age was categorised by week. We fitted logistic regression models to adjust for clinically relevant or statistically significant confounders.Main outcome measuresThe primary and secondary outcomes were composites, respectively, of maternal and neonatal morbidity.ResultsIn all, 821 women met the inclusion criteria; maternal morbidity composite occurred in 9.86% and neonatal morbidity occurred in 10.5%. After adjusting for confounding variables, maternal and neonatal morbidity occurred least frequently at 39 weeks.ConclusionsIn women with three previous CDs, adverse maternal outcomes do not increase with increasing gestational age beyond 37 weeks but early term elective repeat CDs are associated with higher neonatal morbidity. Elective delivery of women with three previous CD at 39 weeks of gestation is safe in the absence of maternal or fetal indications for early term delivery.Tweetable abstractDelivery of women with three previous caesarean deliveries at 39 weeks, in the absence of maternal or fetal indications for early term delivery, is associated with decreased maternal morbidity.
Skyglow extends into the world's Key Biodiversity Areas
Authors: Garrett J. K. , Donald P. F. , Gaston K. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe proportion of the Earth's surface that experiences a naturally dark environment at night is rapidly declining with the introduction of artificial light. Biological impacts of this change have been documented from genes to ecosystems, and for a wide diversity of environments and organisms. The likely severity of these impacts depends heavily on the relationship between the distribution of artificial night‐time lighting and biodiversity. Here, we carry out a global assessment of the overlap between areas of conservation priority and the most recent atlas of artificial skyglow. We show that of the world's Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), less than a third have completely pristine night‐time skies, about a half lie entirely under artificially bright skies and only about a fifth contain no area in which night‐time skies are not polluted to the zenith. The extent of light pollution of KBAs varies by region, affecting the greatest proportion of KBAs in Europe and the Middle East. Statistical modelling revealed associations between light pollution within KBAs and associated levels of both gross domestic product and human population density. This suggests that these patterns will worsen with continued economic development and growth in the human population.
Women's perceptions of medication use during pregnancy and breastfeeding—A Swedish cross‐sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Wolgast Emelie , Lindh‐Åstrand Lotta , Lilliecreutz Caroline 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionUse of medication for different kinds of symptoms and diseases during pregnancy is common. When counseling the pregnant woman, an understanding of her perceptions concerning the use of medication as well as possible associated anxiety and obstacles is important to ensure high adherence to the treatment regimen.Material and methodsA questionnaire was developed regarding the use of medication, perceptions on use of medication, as well as perceptions about pregnancy outcomes in association with medication use during pregnancy. In total, 850 pregnant women in gestational weeks 25‐29 participated in the study.ResultsThe response rate was 92.7% (n = 832/898). About 19.4% of the respondents (n = 160/824) were frequent users (medication use daily to several times a week) and 28.4% (n = 234/824) were non‐frequent users (medication use once a week to once a month). The majority perceived medication use during early pregnancy (61.4%, n = 501/816), late pregnancy (55.6%, n = 455/819) and breastfeeding (57.7%, n = 474/821) as probably harmful or harmful. These findings were more common in non‐users (medication used rarely or never) than frequent users (P‐value <0.001, <0.001 and 0.007). The pregnant women had great confidence in advice from a physician (83.8%, n = 666/795) or a midwife (77.0%, n = 620/805) concerning medication during pregnancy.ConclusionsThe majority of pregnant women in Sweden consider the use of medication during pregnancy either ‘probably harmful’ or ‘harmful’ and this perception is associated with non‐use of medication. The pregnant women in our study had high confidence in healthcare professionals when seeking advice; thus, actively asking about perceptions could lead to better counseling.
Monolingual but not bilingual infants demonstrate racial bias in social cue use
Authors: Singh Leher , Quinn Paul C. , Xiao Naiqi G. , Lee Kang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBilingualism exerts early and pervasive effects on cognition, observable in infancy. Thus far, investigations of infant bilingual cognition have focused on sensitivity to visual memory, executive function, and linguistic sensitivity. Much less research has focused on how bilingualism impacts processing of social cues. The present study sought to investigate whether bilingualism modulates the expression of one aspect of social processing: early racial bias. Using a gaze‐following paradigm, we investigated whether 18‐ to 20‐month‐old monolingual and bilingual infants favored their own race. Results demonstrated that monolingual infants favored their own race in following a model whose direction of gaze signaled an event. In contrast, bilingual infants demonstrated race‐neutral gaze‐following patterns, relying more heavily on the reliability of the behavior of the model over race. Findings suggest that bilingualism may have protective effects against the early emergence of racial bias.