bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified method for instability and second‐order load effects of framed structures: Story‐based approach
Authors: Gunaydin Ayten , Aydin Ruhi 
Published: July 2019

SummarySeveral building codes such as ANSI/AISC 360‐16 and EC3 EN 1993‐1‐1 require the use of a proper design method to consider instability and second‐order load effect problems for individual system elements and the entire structural system. Various methods are available to assess stability. All of these methods should considerP‐Δ andP‐δ effects (second‐order effects). The following calculation procedures are presented in this study: (a) a simplified method is developed forP‐Δ andP‐δanalysis in regular frames under the effect of constant axial loads to obtainstory driftsandend moments; (b) this method can be applied to an entire building or any individual story, that is, story‐based design is possible; and (c) column effective length factors are obtained for individual columns. In addition, design tables are presented.
Integration of multiple climate models to predict range shifts and identify management priorities of the endangered Taxus wallichiana in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountain region
Authors: Li Peixian , Zhu Wenquan , Xie Zhiying , Qiao Kun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTaxus wallichianaZucc. (Himalayan yew) is subject to international and national conservation measures because of its over-exploitation and decline over the last 30 years. Predicting the impact of climate change onT. wallichiana’s distribution might help protect the wild populations and plan effective ex situ measures or cultivate successfully. Considering the complexity of climates and the uncertainty inherent in climate modeling for mountainous regions, we integrated three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) based on datasets from 14 Global Climate Models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 to: (1) predict the potential distribution ofT. wallichianaunder recent past (1960–1990, hereafter “current”) and future (2050s and 2070s) scenarios with the species distribution model MaxEnt.; and (2) quantify the climatic factors influencing the distribution. In respond to the future warming climate scenarios, (1) highly suitable areas forT. wallichianawould decrease by 31–55% at a rate of 3–7%/10a; (2) moderately suitable areas would decrease by 20–30% at a rate of 2–4%/10a; (3) the average elevation of potential suitable sites forT. wallichianawould shift up-slope by 390 m (15%) to 948 m (36%) at a rate of 42–100 m/10a. Average annual temperature (contribution rate ca. 61%), isothermality and temperature seasonality (20%), and annual precipitation (17%) were the main climatic variables affectingT. wallichianahabitats. Prior protected areas and suitable planting areas must be delimited from the future potential distributions, especially the intersection areas at different suitability levels. It is helpful to promote the sustainable utilization of this precious resource by prohibiting exploitation and ex situ restoring wild resources, as well as artificially planting considering climate suitability.
The Evolution of Party Policy and Cleavage Voting under Power-Sharing in Northern Ireland
Authors: Tilley James , Garry John , Matthews Neil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article argues that post-conflict consociational arrangements in ethnically divided societies incentivize moderation by political parties, but not policy differentiation outside the main conflict. This results in little policy-driven voting. Analysing party manifestos and voter survey data, we examine the evolution of party policy and cleavage voting under power-sharing in Northern Ireland 1998–2016. We find a reduction in ethno-national policy differences between parties and that ethno-nationalism has become less important in predicting vote choice for Protestants, but not Catholics. We also find little party differentiation in other policy areas and show that vote choices are largely independent of people's policy stances on economic or social issues. Our findings are thus largely consistent with a ‘top-down’ interpretation of political dynamics.
Dietary choline is positively related to overall and cause-specific mortality: results from individuals of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and pooling prospective data
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Katsiki Niki , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Banach Maciej 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the association between dietary choline intake and mortality. We evaluated the link between choline consumption and overall as well as cause-specific mortality by using both individual data and pooling prospective studies by meta-analysis and systematic review. Furthermore, adjusted means of cardiometabolic risk factors across choline intake quartiles were calculated. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2010) were collected. Adjusted Cox regression was performed to determine the risk ratio (RR) and 95 % CI, as well as random-effects models and generic inverse variance methods to synthesise quantitative and pooling data, followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. After adjustments, we found that individuals consuming more choline had worse lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, but lower C-reactive protein levels (P < 0·001 for all comparisons) with no significant differences in anthropometric parameters and blood pressure. Multivariable Cox regression models revealed that individuals in the highest quartile (Q4) of choline consumption had a greater risk of total (23 %), CVD (33 %) and stroke (30 %) mortality compared with the first quartile (Q1) (P < 0·001 for all comparison). These results were confirmed in a meta-analysis, showing that choline intake was positively and significantly associated with overall (RR 1·12, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·17, I2 = 2·9) and CVD (RR 1·28, 95 % CI 1·17, 1·39, I2 = 9·6) mortality risk. In contrast, the positive association between choline consumption and stroke mortality became non-significant (RR 1·18, 95 % CI 0·97, 1·43, P = 0·092, I2 = 1·1). Our findings shed light on the potential adverse effects of choline intake on selected cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality risk.
A case of right aortic arch with isolated left innominate artery and global cerebral white matter atrophy
Authors: Binka Edem , Sun Lisa R. , Gailloud Philippe , Chiu Joanne S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA right aortic arch with an isolated left innominate artery is a rare form of aortic arch anomaly. We present a case of neonatal diagnosis of this anomaly with concerning findings of global cerebral white matter atrophy at 13 months of age.
Characterization of Crustal and Uppermost‐Mantle Seismic Discontinuities in the Ontong Java Plateau
Authors: Tonegawa T. , Miura S. , Ishikawa A. , Sano T. , Suetsugu D. , Isse T. , Shiobara H. , Sugioka H. , Ito A. , Ishihara Y. , Tanaka S. , Obayashi M. , Yoshimitsu J. , Kobayashi T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Early Cretaceous Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) in the southwestern Pacific Ocean is the largest oceanic plateau by volume on Earth, and a broad range of observations has been conducted to reveal its formation and evolution. However, because seafloor seismic observations of the OJP and surrounding areas have been insufficient so far, such experiments are capable of generating additional information regarding the crustal and mantle structure of the OJP. To image seismic velocity discontinuities from the crust to the uppermost mantle, we applied receiver function analysis to seismic records acquired by 17 broadband ocean bottom seismometers deployed across the region in and around the OJP and 3 broadband stations located on ocean islands in Micronesia (one: permanent, two: temporary). The results revealed midcrustal discontinuities and the Moho at depths of 10–20 and 30–40 km (from the top of the basement), respectively, in the central OJP. Moreover, a mantle discontinuity was also imaged at the depth of 55–60 km (from the top of the basement) in the central OJP. These boundaries were not imaged outside the OJP, implying that they are characteristic features of the OJP. In addition, receiver function images showed Moho signals at the depth of 20 km in the eastern OJP, where few previous seismic exploration surveys have been conducted. This depth is comparable with that found in the Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateaus that were potentially separated from the OJP.
Impacts of Groundwater Drainage on Peatland Subsidence and Its Ecological Implications on an Atlantic Raised Bog
Authors: Regan S. , Flynn R. , Gill L. , Naughton O. , Johnston P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractField data of topography, water levels, and peat hydraulic conductivity collected over a 28‐year period have revealed the impacts of marginal drainage on uncut raised bog ecohydrology and its peat properties. Drainage of the regional groundwater body has induced changes in the hydraulic properties of deep peat, with peat compression decreasing hydraulic conductivity and storativity while simultaneously introducing localized secondary porosity and effective storage. Where peat has increased in hydraulic conductivity, there is a corresponding decline in vertical hydraulic gradients and significant localized increases in recharge to the underlying substrate. Repeated topographic surveys show intense localized areas of peat consolidation (>5%) where it is underlain by highly permeable (>10 m/day) glacial till deposits. More widely, continued subsidence (4–6 mm/year) of the bog surface has been measured over 900 m from the bog margin, resulting in the progressive loss of approximately 40% of actively growing raised bog since 1991. This loss has thus been shown to be attributable to changes in the underlying groundwater head due to deep‐cut drainage, rather than near‐surface peatland drainage. However, although reinstating regional hydrostatic pressures in order to restore this ombrotrophic peatland may control the rapid drainage through preferential flow pathways, this may not eliminate the ecological impacts resulting from changed surface morphology arising from subsidence. Hence, this longitudinal study provides new insights into the role that aquifer systems and groundwater bodies play in maintaining hydrogeological processes in ombrotrophic peatland systems, while highlighting the difficulty in ecological restoration where regional groundwater dependencies are significant.
Inhibition of acetylation of histones 3 and 4 attenuates aortic valve calcification
Authors: Gu Jia , Lu Yan , Deng Menqing , Qiu Ming , Tian Yunfan , Ji Yue , Zong Pengyu , Shao Yongfeng , Zheng Rui , Zhou Bin , Kong Xiangqing , Sun Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAortic valve calcification develops in patients with chronic kidney disease who have calcium and phosphate metabolic disorders and poor prognoses. There is no effective treatment except valve replacement. However, metabolic disorders put patients at high risk for surgery. Increased acetylation of histones 3 and 4 is present in interstitial cells from human calcific aortic valves, but whether it is involved in aortic valve calcification has not been studied. In this study, we found that treating cultured porcine aortic valve interstitial cells with a high-calcium/high-phosphate medium induced calcium deposition, apoptosis, and expression of osteogenic marker genes, producing a phenotype resembling valve calcification in vivo. These phenotypic changes were attenuated by the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor C646. C646 treatment increased the levels of class I histone deacetylase members and decreased the acetylation of histones 3 and 4 induced by the high-calcium/high-phosphate treatment. Conversely, the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid promoted valve interstitial cell calcification. In a mouse model of aortic valve calcification induced by adenine and vitamin D treatment, the levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4 were increased in the calcified aortic valves. Treatment of the models with C646 attenuated aortic valve calcification by restoring the levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4. These observations suggest that increased acetylation of histones 3 and 4 is part of the pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification associated with calcium and phosphate metabolic disorders. Targeting acetylated histones 3 and 4 may be a potential therapy for inoperable aortic valve calcification in chronic kidney disease patients.
Decreased maternal serum acetate and impaired fetal thymic and regulatory T cell development in preeclampsia
Authors: Hu Mingjing , Eviston David , Hsu Peter , Mariño Eliana , Chidgey Ann , Santner-Nanan Brigitte , Wong Kahlia , Richards James L. , Yap Yu Anne , Collier Fiona , Quinton Ann , Joung Steven , Peek Michael , Benzie Ron , Macia Laurence , Wilson David , Ponsonby Ann-Louise , Tang Mimi L. K. , O’Hely Martin , Daly Norelle L. , Mackay Charles R. , Dahlstrom Jane E. ,   The BIS Investigator Group, Saffery Richard , Allen Katrina J. , Ranganathan Sarath , Burgner David , Harrison Leonard C. , Sly Peter , Dwyer Terry , Vuillermin Peter , Nanan Ralph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaternal immune dysregulation seems to affect fetal or postnatal immune development. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-associated disorder with an immune basis and is linked to atopic disorders in offspring. Here we show reduction of fetal thymic size, altered thymic architecture and reduced fetal thymic regulatory T (Treg) cell output in preeclamptic pregnancies, which persists up to 4 years of age in human offspring. In germ-free mice, fetal thymic CD4+ T cell and Treg cell development are compromised, but rescued by maternal supplementation with the intestinal bacterial metabolite short chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, which induces upregulation of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), known to contribute to Treg cell generation. In our human cohorts, low maternal serum acetate is associated with subsequent preeclampsia, and correlates with serum acetate in the fetus. These findings suggest a potential role of acetate in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and immune development in offspring.
Ion buffering and interface charge enable high performance electronics with organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Romele Paolo , Ghittorelli Matteo , Kovács-Vajna Zsolt Miklós , Torricelli Fabrizio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors rely on ionic-electronic volumetric interaction to provide a seamless interface between biology and electronics with outstanding signal amplification. Despite their huge potential, further progress is limited owing to the lack of understanding of the device fundamentals. Here, we investigate organic electrochemical transistors in a wide range of experimental conditions by combining electrical analyses and device modeling. We show that the measurements can be quantitatively explained by nanoscale ionic-electronic charge interaction, giving rise to ion buffering and interface charge compensation. The investigation systematically explains and unifies a wide range of experiments, providing the rationale for the development of high-performance electronics. Unipolar inverters — universal building blocks for electronics — with gain larger than 100 are demonstrated. This is the highest gain ever reported, enabling the design of devices and circuits with enhanced performance and opening opportunities for the next-generation integrated bioelectronics and neuromorphic computing.
Using Nanoimprint Lithography to Create Robust, Buoyant, Superhydrophobic PVB/SiO2 Coatings on wood Surfaces Inspired by Red roses petal
Authors: Yang Yushan , He Haishan , Li Yougui , Qiu Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRobust, buoyant, superhydrophobic PVB/SiO2 coatings were successfully formed on wood surface through a one-step solvothermal method and a nanoimprint lithography method. The as-prepared PVB/SiO2/wood specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric (TG–DTG) analyses. The superhydrophobic property and abrasion resistance of rose-petal-like wood were measured and assessed by water contact angle (WCA) and sand abrasion tests. The results show that PVB/SiO2/wood not only exhibited a robust superhydrophobic performance with a WCA of 160° but also had excellent durability and thermostability during the sand abrasion tests and against corrosive liquids. Additionally, the as-prepared PVB/SiO2/wood specimens show high buoyancy.
Evaluation of the Structure of Myodural Bridges in an Equine Model of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes
Authors: McElroy Abigail , Rashmir Ann , Manfredi Jane , Sledge Dodd , Carr Elizabeth , Stopa Edward , Klinge Petra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMyodural bridges have been described in various species as connective tissue structures “bridging” small cranio-cervical muscles to the dura. Myodural bridges are thought to stabilize the dural sac during head and neck movements and promote cerebrospinal fluid motion; however, their role in neurological diseases has not yet been established. We report ultrasonographic visualization, necropsy, histopathologic and ultrastructural findings of myodural bridges in horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA), an equine model of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Five HERDA and 5 control horses were studied. Post-mortem examination and ultrasonographic studies (3 HERDA and 4 controls) demonstrated that the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial myodural bridges are dynamic structures “moving” the dura. En block resection of the myodural bridges (4 HERDA and 5 controls) was accomplished and histopathology showed myofiber degeneration in 3 HERDA horses and 1 control. Ultrastructural examination revealed loosely packed collagen fibrils with abnormal orientation in all HERDA horses compared to mild abnormalities in 2 controls. Our study provides necropsy and ultrasonographic evidence of the dynamic aspect of the myodural bridges as dural sac stabilizers. Myodural bridges may be pathologically altered in connective tissue disease as evidenced by the ultrastructural morphology in the HERDA myodural bridge.
Epidemiological and clinical differences between sexes and pathogens in a three-year surveillance of acute infectious gastroenteritis in Shanghai
Authors: Luo Lingfei , Gu Yiqin , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhang Yinghua , Zhan Longwen , Liu Jiqian , Yan Hongjing , Liu Yun , Zhen Shanshan , Chen Xiuhua , Tong Rui , Song Chiping , He Yingying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcute infectious gastroenteritis cases in Shanghai, reported over three years, were analyzed. Pathogens were identified in 1031 patients; of these, 725 and 306 were bacterial and viral cases, respectively.Vibrio parahemolyticusandSalmonellawere the dominant bacteria, andCaliciviridaeandReoviridaewere the dominant viral families in the local area. The acute gastroenteritis epidemic peaks appeared in August and January, which represented the active peak periods of bacteria and viruses, respectively. Logistic regression analyses with sex stratification showed that abdominal pain, fever and ingestion of unsafe food at restaurants were independent factors more frequently associated with bacterial gastroenteritis irrespective of sex; red cell-positive fecal matter was associated with bacterial gastroenteritis with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.28 only in males; and white blood cell count was associated with bacterial gastroenteritis with an OR of 1.02 only in females. Pathogen stratification showed that age, vomiting and red cell-positive fecal matter were associated with males with ORs of 0.99, 0.61 and 1.71, respectively, in bacterial gastroenteritis; and the migrant ratio was higher in males with an OR of 2.29 only in viral gastroenteritis. In conclusion, although bacterial and viral gastroenteritis shared many features, epidemiological and clinical factors differed between sexes and pathogens.
Outbreak strain characterisation and pharyngeal carriage detection following a protracted group B meningococcal outbreak in adolescents in South-West England
Authors: Clark Stephen A. , Lucidarme Jay , Angel Georgina , Lekshmi Aiswarya , Morales-Aza Begonia , Willerton Laura , Campbell Helen , Gray Steve J. , Ladhani Shamez N. , Wade Mike , Ramsay Mary , Yates Julie , Finn Adam , Borrow Ray 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBetween April 2016 and September 2017, four cases of group B meningococcal disease were reported among sixth-form college students in Bristol, UK. Culture and non-culture whole genome sequencing was utilised and demonstrated that the four genomes of the responsible ST-41 strains clustered closely on a sub-lineage of ST-41/44 clonal complex. The outbreak resulted in two fatalities. A distinct social group associated with one of the cases was selected for vaccination with 4CMenB and pharyngeal swabbing. In vitro culturing, multiple real-time PCR assays (sodC, ctrA and siaDB) and a PorA PCR-sequencing assay were used to detect meningococcal colonisation and a carriage rate of 32.6% was observed. Furthermore, a high proportion of the pharyngeal swabs (78.3%) yielded a Factor H-Binding Protein (fHbp) nucleotide allele suggesting that the antigenic gene is prevalent among non-meningococcal flora, most likely Neisseria commensals. This may have implications for fHbp as a vaccine antigen should it be shown to influence bacterial colonisation.
Precision identification of high-risk phenotypes and progression pathways in severe malaria without requiring longitudinal data
Authors: Johnston Iain G. , Hoffmann Till , Greenbury Sam F. , Cominetti Ornella , Jallow Muminatou , Kwiatkowski Dominic , Barahona Mauricio , Jones Nick S. , Casals-Pascual Climent 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMore than 400,000 deaths from severe malaria (SM) are reported every year, mainly in African children. The diversity of clinical presentations associated with SM indicates important differences in disease pathogenesis that require specific treatment, and this clinical heterogeneity of SM remains poorly understood. Here, we apply tools from machine learning and model-based inference to harness large-scale data and dissect the heterogeneity in patterns of clinical features associated with SM in 2904 Gambian children admitted to hospital with malaria. This quantitative analysis reveals features predicting the severity of individual patient outcomes, and the dynamic pathways of SM progression, notably inferred without requiring longitudinal observations. Bayesian inference of these pathways allows us assign quantitative mortality risks to individual patients. By independently surveying expert practitioners, we show that this data-driven approach agrees with and expands the current state of knowledge on malaria progression, while simultaneously providing a data-supported framework for predicting clinical risk.
The mimetic wing pattern of Papilio polytes butterflies is regulated by a doublesex-orchestrated gene network
Authors: Iijima Takuro , Yoda Shinichi , Fujiwara Haruhiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe swallowtail butterfly Papilio polytes is sexually dimorphic and exhibits female-limited Batesian mimicry. This species also has two female forms, a non-mimetic form with male-like wing patterns, and a mimetic form resembling an unpalatable model, Pachliopta aristolochiae. The mimicry locus H constitutes a dimorphic Mendelian ‘supergene’, including a transcription factor gene doublesex (dsx). However, how the mimetic-type dsx (dsx-H) orchestrates the downstream gene network and causes the mimetic traits remains unclear. Here we performed RNA-seq-based gene screening and found that Wnt1 and Wnt6 are up-regulated by dsx-H during the early pupal stage and are involved in the red/white pigmentation and patterning of mimetic female wings. In contrast, a homeobox gene abdominal-A is repressed by dsx-H and involved in the non-mimetic colouration pattern. These findings suggest that dual regulation by dsx-H, induction of mimetic gene networks and repression of non-mimetic gene networks, is essential for the switch from non-mimetic to mimetic pattern in mimetic female wings.