bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Postoperative Parenteral Nutrition Enhanced by Multivitamin on Metabolic Phenotype in Postoperative Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Zi‐Jian , Chen Wei , Jiang Hua , Li Xiao‐Yi , Zhu Sai‐Nan , Liu Xiao‐Hui 
Published: April 2018

ScopeTo investigate the effects of postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) with multivitamins supplementation on oxidative stress and metabolism.Methods and resultsThe participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to groups: total nutrient admixture (TNA) + multivitamin (n = 14, Group A) and TNA + normal saline (n = 16, Group B). The levels of blood vitamins, ILs, and MDA are assessed and the dysregulation of metabolism is analyzed using nontargeted metabolite profiling. The degree of postoperative stress in Group A is significantly lower than that in Group B by analyzing changes in the levels of IL‐8 and MDA. A set of 43 features are qualified to have a variable importance parameter score of >1.5 of a partial least‐squares discriminate analysis model and fold change of >1.5 at p‐value <0.05 between Groups A and B. The principal metabolic alternations in Group A include increased tricarboxylic acid cycle and ketogenesis with reduced plasma‐free amino acids. Backing the results of clinical biomarkers, increased levels of antioxidative molecules, together with decreased levels of inflammatory related polyunsaturated fatty acids, are observed.ConclusionPostoperative PN enhanced by multivitamins can alleviate traumatic stress and improve metabolic transition from catabolism to anabolism in gastric cancer patients.
Resveratrol Prevents the Development of Hypertension Programmed by Maternal Plus Post‐Weaning High‐Fructose Consumption through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Nutrient‐Sensing Signals, and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Tain You‐Lin , Lee Wei‐Chia , Wu Kay L. H. , Leu Steve , Chan Julie Y. H. 
Published: April 2018

ScopeHigh‐fructose (HF) intake, oxidative stress, nutrient‐sensing signals, and gut microbiota dysbiosis are closely related to the development of hypertension. It was investigated whether resveratrol can prevent hypertension induced by maternal plus post‐weaning HF diets in adult offspring via the above‐mentioned mechanisms.Methods and resultsFemale Sprague‐Dawley rats received either a normal (ND) or 60% high‐fructose (HF) diet during gestation and lactation. Male offspring were assigned to five groups (maternal diet/post‐weaning diet;n= 8 per group): ND/ND, ND/HF, HF/ND, HF/HF, and HF/HF+ Resveratrol. Resveratrol (50 mg L−1) was administered in drinking water from weaning to 3 months of age. It was found that HF/HF induced hypertension in adult offspring. Maternal HF diet altered gut microbiota composition in adult offspring, including decreasing the abundance of generaBacteroides, Dysgonomonas, andTuricibacter, while increasing phylumVerrucomicrobiaandAkkermansia muciniphila. Additionally, HF/HF diets increased oxidative stress and decreased renal mRNA expression ofPrkaa2,Prkag2,Ppara,Pparb,Ppargc1a, andSirt4. Resveratrol reduced renal oxidative stress, activated nutrient‐sensing signals, modulated gut microbiota, and prevented associated HF/HF‐induced programmed hypertension.ConclusionTargeting oxidative stress, nutrient‐sensing signals, and gut microbiota by resveratrol might be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hypertension induced by excessive consumption of fructose in the adult rat offspring.
In Vitro Fermentation Behavior of Isomalto/Malto‐Polysaccharides Using Human Fecal Inoculum Indicates Prebiotic Potential
Authors: Gu Fangjie , Borewicz Klaudyna , Richter Bernadette , van der Zaal Pieter H. , Smidt Hauke , Buwalda Pieter L. , Schols Henk A. 
Published: April 2018

ScopeThis study characterize intestinal fermentation of isomalto/malto‐polysaccharides (IMMPs), by monitoring degradation of IMMPs, production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactic acid, and succinic acid as well as enzyme activity and microbiota composition.Methods and resultsIMMP‐94 (94% α‐(1→6) glycosidic linkages), IMMP‐96, IMMP‐27, and IMMP‐dig27 (IMMP‐27 after removal of digestible starch segments) are fermented batchwise in vitro using human fecal inoculum. Fermentation digesta samples are taken for analysis in time up till 48 h. The fermentation of α‐(1→6) glycosidic linkages in IMMP‐94, IMMP‐96, and IMMP‐dig27 starts after 12 h and finishes within 48 h. IMMP‐27 fermentation starts directly after inoculation utilizing α‐(1→4) linked glucosyl residues; however, the utilization of α‐(1→6) linked glucoses is delayed and start only after the depletion of α‐(1→4) linked glucose moieties. SCFAs are produced in high amounts with acetic acid and succinic acid being the major products next to propionic acid and butyric acid. The polysaccharide fraction is degraded into isomalto‐oligosaccharides (IMOs) mainly by extracellular enzymes. The smaller IMOs are further degraded by cell‐associated enzymes. Overall microbial diversity and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, significantly increase during the fermentation of IMMPs.ConclusionIMMP containing segments of α‐(1→6) linked glucose units are slowly fermentable fibers with prebiotic potential.
Compressed sensing for high‐resolution nonlipid suppressed 1H FID MRSI of the human brain at 9.4T
Authors: Nassirpour Sahar , Chang Paul , Avdievitch Nikolai , Henning Anke 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe aim of this study was to apply compressed sensing to accelerate the acquisition of high resolution metabolite maps of the human brain using a nonlipid suppressed ultra‐short TR and TE 1H FID MRSI sequence at 9.4T.MethodsX‐t sparse compressed sensing reconstruction was optimized for nonlipid suppressed 1H FID MRSI data. Coil‐by‐coil x‐t sparse reconstruction was compared with SENSE x‐t sparse and low rank reconstruction. The effect of matrix size and spatial resolution on the achievable acceleration factor was studied. Finally, in vivo metabolite maps with different acceleration factors of 2, 4, 5, and 10 were acquired and compared.ResultsCoil‐by‐coil x‐t sparse compressed sensing reconstruction was not able to reliably recover the nonlipid suppressed data, rather a combination of parallel and sparse reconstruction was necessary (SENSE x‐t sparse). For acceleration factors of up to 5, both the low‐rank and the compressed sensing methods were able to reconstruct the data comparably well (root mean squared errors [RMSEs] ≤ 10.5% for Cre). However, the reconstruction time of the low rank algorithm was drastically longer than compressed sensing. Using the optimized compressed sensing reconstruction, acceleration factors of 4 or 5 could be reached for the MRSI data with a matrix size of 64 × 64. For lower spatial resolutions, an acceleration factor of up to R∼4 was successfully achieved.ConclusionBy tailoring the reconstruction scheme to the nonlipid suppressed data through parameter optimization and performance evaluation, we present high resolution (97 µL voxel size) accelerated in vivo metabolite maps of the human brain acquired at 9.4T within scan times of 3 to 3.75 min.
An Integrated Proteomic Approach Uncovers Novel Substrates and Functions of the Lon Protease in Escherichia coli
Authors: Arends Jan , Griego Marcena , Thomanek Nikolas , Lindemann Claudia , Kutscher Blanka , Meyer Helmut E. , Narberhaus Franz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractControlling the cellular abundance and proper function of proteins by proteolysis is a universal process in all living organisms. In Escherichia coli, the ATP‐dependent Lon protease is crucial for protein quality control and regulatory processes. To understand how diverse substrates are selected and degraded, unbiased global approaches are needed. We employed a quantitative Super‐SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) mass spectrometry approach and compared the proteomes of a lon mutant and a strain producing the protease to discover Lon‐dependent physiological functions. To identify Lon substrates, we took advantage of a Lon trapping variant, which is able to translocate substrates but unable to degrade them. Lon‐associated proteins were identified by label‐free LC‐MS/MS. The combination of both approaches revealed a total of 14 novel Lon substrates. Besides the identification of known pathways affected by Lon, for example, the superoxide stress response, our cumulative data suggests previously unrecognized fundamental functions of Lon in sulfur assimilation, nucleotide biosynthesis, amino acid and central energy metabolism.
Research Progress in MnO2–Carbon Based Supercapacitor Electrode Materials
Authors: Zhang Qun‐Zheng , Zhang Dian , Miao Zong‐Cheng , Zhang Xun‐Li , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith the serious impact of fossil fuels on the environment and the rapid development of the global economy, the development of clean and usable energy storage devices has become one of the most important themes of sustainable development in the world today. Supercapacitors are a new type of green energy storage device, with high power density, long cycle life, wide temperature range, and both economic and environmental advantages. In many industries, they have enormous application prospects. Electrode materials are an important factor affecting the performance of supercapacitors. MnO2‐based materials are widely investigated for supercapacitors because of their high theoretical capacitance, good chemical stability, low cost, and environmental friendliness. To achieve high specific capacitance and high rate capability, the current best solution is to use MnO2 and carbon composite materials. Herein, MnO2–carbon composite as supercapacitor electrode materials is reviewed including the synthesis method and research status in recent years. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of an MnO2–carbon based supercapacitor are summarized.
Highly Tough Bioinspired Ternary Hydrogels Synergistically Reinforced by Graphene/Xonotlite Network
Authors: Li Sen , Qin Haili , Zhang Tan , Cong Huai‐Ping , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe application fields of hydrogels are often severely limited by their weak mechanical performance. It is therefore highly demanded to develop an effective strategy to fabricate mechanically strong hydrogels. Herein, a kind of bioinspired ternary hydrogel consisting of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, xonotlite nanowires, and polyacrylamide (PAM) is constructed under the synergy of hydrogen bonding–induced GO/xonotlite network and the penetrated PAM chain network. Benefiting from the effective energy dissipation mechanism caused by double–network structural design and the strong hydrogen bonding interaction between two nanobuilding blocks, the gel exhibits a high toughness of 22 MJ m−3 at an elongation of 2750%. Even notched with 1/4 size, it still holds a large extensibility of 2180% its initial length. These high‐performance hydrogels could be of great interest in the fields of tissue engineering and biomedical areas.
Making lineage decisions with biological noise: Lessons from the early mouse embryo
Authors: Simon Claire S. , Hadjantonakis Anna‐Katerina , Schröter Christian 
Published: April 2018

Understanding how individual cells make fate decisions that lead to the faithful formation and homeostatic maintenance of tissues is a fundamental goal of contemporary developmental and stem cell biology. Seemingly uniform populations of stem cells and multipotent progenitors display a surprising degree of heterogeneity, primarily originating from the inherent stochastic nature of molecular processes underlying gene expression. Despite this heterogeneity, lineage decisions result in tissues of a defined size and with consistent proportions of differentiated cell types. Using the early mouse embryo as a model we review recent developments that have allowed the quantification of molecular intercellular heterogeneity during cell differentiation. We first discuss the relationship between these heterogeneities and developmental cellular potential. We then review recent theoretical approaches that formalize the mechanisms underlying fate decisions in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage embryo. These models build on our extensive knowledge of the genetic control of fate decisions in this system and will become essential tools for a rigorous understanding of the connection between noisy molecular processes and reproducible outcomes at the multicellular level. We conclude by suggesting that cell‐to‐cell communication provides a mechanism to exploit and buffer intercellular variability in a self‐organized process that culminates in the reproducible formation of the mature mammalian blastocyst stage embryo that is ready for implantation into the maternal uterus.This article is categorized under:
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Quantitative Methods and Models
The AdS3 propagator and the fate of locality
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Fitzpatrick A. Liam , Kaplan Jared , Li Daliang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

We recently used Virasoro symmetry considerations to propose an exact formula for a bulk proto-field ϕ in AdS3. In this paper we study the propagator 〈ϕϕ〉. We show that many techniques from the study of conformal blocks can be generalized to compute it, including the semiclassical monodromy method and both forms of the Zamolodchikov recursion relations. When the results from recursion are expanded at large central charge, they match gravitational perturbation theory for a free scalar field coupled to gravity in our chosen gauge.
We find that although the propagator is finite and well-defined at long distances, its perturbative expansion in

$$ {G}_N=\frac{3}{2c} $$

G
N

=

3

2
c

exhibits UV/IR mixing effects. If we nevertheless interpret 〈ϕϕ〉 as a probe of bulk locality, then when

$$ {G}_{N{m}_{\phi }}\ll 1 $$

G

N

m
ϕ

≪
1

locality breaks down at the new short-distance scale

$$ {\sigma}_{\ast}\sim \sqrt[4]{G_N{R}_{\mathrm{AdS}}^3} $$

σ
∗

∼

G
N

R
AdS
3

4

. For ϕ with very large bulk mass, or at small central charge, bulk locality fails at the AdS length scale. In all cases, locality ‘breakdown’ manifests as singularities or branch cuts at spacelike separation arising from non-perturbative quantum gravitational effects.
A fast and accurate method for perturbative resummation of transverse momentum-dependent observables
Authors: Kang Daekyoung , Lee Christopher , Vaidya Varun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe propose a novel strategy for the perturbative resummation of transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) observables, using theqTspectra of gauge bosons (γ∗, Higgs) inppcollisions in the regime of low (but perturbative) transverse momentumqTas a specific example. First we introduce a scheme to choose the factorization scale for virtuality in momentum space instead of in impact parameter space, allowing us to avoid integrating over (or cutting off) a Landau pole in the inverse Fourier transform of the latter to the former. The factorization scale for rapidity is still chosen as a function of impact parameterb, but in such a way designed to obtain a Gaussian form (in lnb) for the exponentiated rapidity evolution kernel, guaranteeing convergence of thebintegral. We then apply this scheme to obtain theqTspectra for Drell-Yan and Higgs production at NNLL accuracy. In addition, using this scheme we are able to obtain a fast semi-analytic formula for the perturbative resummed cross sections in momentum space: analytic in its dependence on all physical variables at each order of logarithmic accuracy, up to a numerical expansion for the pure mathematical Bessel function in the inverse Fourier transform that needs to be performed just once for all observables and kinematics, to any desired accuracy.
The Role of Exportin-5 in MicroRNA Biogenesis and Cancer
Authors: Wu Ke , He Juan , Pu Wenchen , Peng Yong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and participate in a variety of biological processes. The biogenesis of miRNAs is tightly controlled at multiple steps, such as transcription of miRNA genes, processing by Drosha and Dicer, and transportation of precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by exportin-5 (XPO5). Given the critical role of nuclear export of pre-miRNAs in miRNA biogenesis, any alterations of XPO5, resulting from either genetic mutation, epigenetic change, abnormal expression level or posttranslational modification, could affect miRNA expression and thus have profound effects on tumorigenesis. Importantly, XPO5 phosphorylation by ERK kinase and its cis/trans isomerization by the prolyl isomerase Pin1 impair XPO5′s nucleo-to-cytoplasmic transport ability of pre-miRNAs, leading to downregulation of mature miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we focus on how XPO5 transports pre-miRNAs in the cells and summarize the dysregulation of XPO5 in human tumors.
Establishing the normal ranges of female and male anal canal and rectal wall vascularity with color Doppler anorectal ultrasonography
Authors: Murad-Regadas Sthela M. , Regadas Francisco Sergio Pinheiro , Dealcanfreitas Iris Daiana , Regadas Filho Francisco Sergio Pinheiro , Fernandes Graziela Olivia da S. , Albuquerque Matheus Couto Furtado , Regadas Carolina Murad , Regadas Marina Murad 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Study objectives To evaluate blood supply in the anal canal, rectal wall and mesorectal fat of men and women, using color Doppler endorectal sonography to establish normal ranges for vascular parameters.
Methods A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary-care hospital recruited asymptomatic volunteers (≤50 years). Vascularity percentage and index were calculated for defined regions.
Results Vascularity percentage and index were significantly higher in the puborectalis, mid-level external and upper internal anal sphincter compared to the low anal canal; these parameters were higher in men than in women at upper and middle levels of the inner anal canal structures. At mid-level, vascularity was greater in the external compared to the internal anal sphincter in both sexes; however, at the upper level it was greater in the puborectalis compared to the internal anal sphincter in women. Vascularity was greater in the rectal wall compared to the mesorectal fat, with no difference between middle and lower levels.
Conclusions Blood supply is highest at upper levels of the anal canal; however, inner structures are better irrigated in men. Moreover, the rectal wall is better irrigated than the mesorectal fat. Establishing normal ranges may permit future comparisons of the studied structures in disease states as well as the hormonal and age related changes.
Developing country sub‐supplier responses to social sustainability requirements of intermediaries: Exploring the influence of framing on fairness perceptions and reciprocity
Authors: Soundararajan Vivek , Brammer Stephen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractResearch on social sustainability in multi‐tier supply chains is limited. Specifically, we know very little about a) the micro‐processes involved in the way in which sub‐suppliers (i.e., first‐tier suppliers or sourcing agents) respond to the sustainability requirements imposed by their intermediaries; and b) the micro‐level antecedents that condition their responses. To address these gaps, we used a longitudinal multiple case study method to explore multiple intermediary – sub‐supplier dyads in South India's knitwear garment industry and drew upon constructs of behavioural economics. We found that the way in which intermediaries frame social sustainability requirements and their associated procedures influence both the way in which sub‐suppliers perceive the procedural fairness of those requirements and the way in which they thus reciprocate. When intermediaries frame social sustainability requirements as ‘opportunity’ and engage in various procedures perceived to be procedurally fair by sub‐suppliers, the latter reciprocate positively. Contrastingly, when intermediaries frame social sustainability requirements as ‘insulation’ and engage in various procedures perceived to be procedurally unfair by sub‐suppliers, the latter reciprocate negatively. Under the production‐dominant framing, sub‐suppliers exhibit positive reciprocity only related to processing production orders. Our analysis inductively generated propositions that emphasize the important role played by framing in shaping the perceptions of fairness held by sub‐suppliers towards social sustainability requirements and the reciprocity of the latter's responses to them.
Personal Politics without Clientelism? Interpreting Citizen-Politician Contact in Africa
Authors: Mueller Lisa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:This study clarifies the meaning of clientelism and documents its extent in sub-Saharan Africa—a region that political scientists and policy makers often view as especially clientelistic. It proposes an understanding of clientelism as personal contact between citizens and politicians in which citizens request selective rather than public goods in exchange for political loyalty. It then suggests that assessments of clientelism in Africa are sensitive to the amount of information about personal contact that surveys provide. Closed-ended Afrobarometer surveys suggest that personal contact is mostly clientelistic, whereas the original open-ended questionnaires employed in an original survey from Niger suggest that the bulk of citizen requests are programmatic. Leveraging detail in Nigeriens’ qualitative accounts of visiting and calling politicians, the highly personalized contact of Nigeriens can be understood as an adaptation to limits on impersonal contact, not a sign that politicians are circumventing formal channels of communication in order to distribute patronage under the table.
First report ofOniscidiaMörch, 1852 (Neogastropoda, Harpidae) in the northeast Pacific fossil record and paleobiogeographic review of the genus
Authors: Squires Richard L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe harpid neogastropod genusOniscidiaMörch, 1852, which has not been recognized before in the northeast Pacific fossil record, is represented there by rare specimens ofOniscidia plectata(Waring, 1917) n. comb., of late early Paleocene age, in a region extending from southern California, USA to Baja California, Mexico. This species is the earliest unequivocal record ofOniscidiaand its only known Paleocene record. It apparently lived in silty, inner- to middle-shelf depths, which were inherently cooler than adjacent shallower marine depths. Its habitat was subject to the influx of shallow-marine shells, especially turritellas, contained in turbidity currents emanating from nearshore depths.The global paleogeography ofOniscidia, which is presented here for the first time, has been overlooked previously because this genus has a long and complicated history of taxonomic confusion with the harpid genusMorumRöding, 1798.Oniscidiaquestionably originated during the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) in southern India and apparently dispersed westward through the Tethys Seaway into the New World. Paleocene and early Eocene occurrences of this genus are rare, and middle Eocene occurrences are uncommon. During the cool times of the Oligocene and into the early Miocene, it was most widespread. Its range became restricted during the middle Miocene and continued to be so during the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and modern day, with occurrences only in the Caribbean Sea region, Florida, and the western Pacific. Its distribution through warm and cool times was most likely controlled by its habitat preference for relatively deep cool waters.