bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor‐Selective RuII Polypyridyl–Nanobody Conjugate as a Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Karges Johannes , Jakubaszek Marta , Mari Cristina , Zarschler Kristof , Goud Bruno , Stephan Holger , Gasser Gilles 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is a current surge of interest in the development of novel photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), as those currently approved are not completely ideal. Among the tested compounds, we have previously investigated the use of RuII polypyridyl complexes with a [Ru(bipy)2(dppz)]2+ and [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ scaffold (bipy=2,2′‐bipyridine; dppz=dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine; phen=1,10‐phenanthroline). These complexes selectively target DNA. However, because DNA is ubiquitous, it would be of great interest to increase the selectivity of our PDT PSs by linking them to a targeting vector in view of targeted PDT. Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and in‐depth photophysical evaluation of a nanobody‐containing RuII polypyridyl conjugate selective for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in view of targeted PDT. Using ICP‐MS and confocal microscopy, we could demonstrate that our conjugate has high selectivity for the EGFR receptor, which is a crucial oncological target because it is overexpressed and/or deregulated in a variety of solid tumors. However, in contrast to expectations, this conjugate was found to not produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and is therefore not phototoxic.
Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia in acquired complete atrioventricular block without a pacemaker: A case report
Authors: Aratake Shungo , Yasuda Atsushi , Sawamura Shigehito 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPregnancy with complete atrioventricular block is rare, and its perioperative management is controversial. We successfully managed cesarean section in a pregnancy with acquired complete atrioventricular block under spinal anesthesia without a pacemaker. Asymptomatic pregnant women with acquired complete atrioventricular block can tolerate cesarean section under spinal anesthesia without a pacemaker.
Self‐Standing Membranes Consisting of Inherently Chiral Electroactive Oligomers: Electrosynthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Tests in Potentiometric Setups
Authors: Arnaboldi Serena , Vigo Daniele , Longhi Mariangela , Orsini Francesco , Riva Sephira , Grecchi Sara , Giacovelli Elena , Guglielmi Vittoria , Cirilli Roberto , Longhi Giovanna , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Benincori Tiziana , Mussini Patrizia R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSelf‐standing chiral electroactive synthetic membranes are presented, prepared by oxidative electro‐oligomerization of a thiophene‐based “inherently chiral” electroactive monomer on indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes, followed by detachment of the electrodeposited thin films in aqueous solution. The membranes, possibly mesoporous, consist of a mixture of open and cyclic “inherently chiral” oligomers, that is, in which both chirality and electroactivity originate from the same source, and this is the main conjugated backbone featuring a tailored torsion. Such a combination can afford outstanding chirality manifestations. The electrosynthesis conditions significantly modulate the oligomer distribution. Racemate films are compared to enantiopure ones. Circular dichroism confirms that (R)‐ or (S)‐ enantiopure films are obtained, starting from the corresponding (R)‐ or (S)‐ enantiopure monomers. Reliable transmembrane potential readings are obtained in preliminary tests in ion‐selective electrode (ISE)‐like setups, consistent with those predicted considering the membrane features, offering a first step towards extension of the protocol to chiral experiments.
Transistor‐Based Work‐Function Measurement of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Ultra‐Low‐Power, Rationally Designed Chemical Sensors
Authors: Gardner David W. , Gao Xiang , Fahad Hossain M. , Yang An‐Ting , He Sam , Javey Ali , Carraro Carlo , Maboudian Roya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA classic challenge in chemical sensing is selectivity. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an exciting class of materials because they can be tuned for selective chemical adsorption. Adsorption events trigger work‐function shifts, which can be detected with a chemical‐sensitive field‐effect transistor (power ≈microwatts). In this work, several case studies were used towards generalizing the sensing mechanism, ultimately towards our metal‐centric hypothesis. HKUST‐1 was used as a proof‐of‐principle humidity sensor. The response is thickness independent, meaning the response is surface localized. ZIF‐8 is demonstrated to be an NO2‐sensing material, and the response is dominated by adsorption at metal sites. Finally, MFM‐300(In) shows how standard hard–soft acid–base theory can be used to qualitatively predict sensor responses. This paper sets the groundwork for using the tunability of metal–organic frameworks for chemical sensing with distributed, scalable devices.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dimorphic Dibenzo[cde,opq]rubicene
Authors: Suresh Joghee R. , Whitener Glenn , Theumer Gabriele , Bröcher Dirk J. , Bauer Ingmar , Massa Werner , Knölker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDibenzo[cde,opq]rubicene has been synthesized by an eight‐step reaction sequence including an iron‐mediated [2+2+1] cycloaddition and a flash vacuum pyrolysis as key steps. Two crystal modifications of the S‐shaped, planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon have been obtained and characterized by X‐ray diffractometry.
A General Mechanism of Diffusion in Hamiltonian Systems: Qualitative Results
Authors: Gidea Marian , de la Llave Rafael , M‐Seara Tere 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a general mechanism to establish the existence of diffusing orbits in a large class of nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. Our approach is based on following the “outer dynamics” along homoclinic orbits to a normally hyperbolic invariant manifold. The information on the outer dynamics is encoded by a geometrically defined “scattering map.” We show that for every finite sequence of successive iterations of the scattering map, there exists a true orbit that follows that sequence, provided that the inner dynamics is recurrent. We apply this result to prove the existence of diffusing orbits that cross large gaps in a priori unstable models of arbitrary degrees of freedom, when the unperturbed Hamiltonian is not necessarily convex and the induced inner dynamics is not necessarily a twist map, and the perturbation satisfies explicit conditions that are generic.We also mention several other applications where this mechanism is easy to verify (analytically or numerically), such as the planar elliptic restricted three‐body problem and the spatial circular restricted three‐body problem.Our method differs, in several crucial aspects, from earlier works. Unlike the well‐known “two‐dynamics” approach, the method we present here relies on the outer dynamics alone. There are virtually no assumptions on the inner dynamics, such as on existence of its invariant objects (e.g., primary and secondary tori, lower‐dimensional hyperbolic tori, and their stable/unstable manifolds, Aubry‐Mather sets), which are not used at all. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of Immune Cells from Adipose Tissue
Authors: Bapat Sagar P. , Liang Yuqiong , Zheng Ye 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdipose tissue (AT) serves a crucial role in maintaining organismal metabolic homeostasis. Studies have demonstrated that AT is populated with a diverse array of immune cells that coordinate and regulate AT function. This adipo‐immune system is highly dynamic, reflecting the physiologic state of the organism (e.g., obese, lean, aged, or young) as well as the constant physiologic remodeling of AT associated with the daily rhythms of fasting and feeding. Many of the adaptive and maladaptive functional changes of AT are regulated by changes in the quantity and quality of distinct sets of AT‐resident immune cells. Here we present protocols to assess the dynamic state of the immune system within AT by constructing censuses of adipose‐resident immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, NK cells, innate lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells, etc.) based on flow cytometry, which we term adipo‐immune profiles (AIPs). Constructing AIPs can be an integral part of assessment for AT health and function. This article describes the protocols to generate such AIPs. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Even obligate symbioses show signs of ecological contingency: Impacts of symbiosis for an invasive stinkbug are mediated by host plant context
Authors: Couret Jannelle , Huynh‐Griffin Lynn , Antolic‐Soban Ivan , Acevedo‐Gonzalez Tarik Salam , Gerardo Nicole M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany species interactions are dependent on environmental context, yet the benefits of obligate, mutualistic microbial symbioses to their hosts are typically assumed to be universal across environments. We directly tested this assumption, focusing on the symbiosis between the sap‐feeding insect Megacopta cribraria and its primary bacterial symbiont Candidatus Ishikawaella capsulata. We assessed host development time, survival, and body size in the presence and absence of the symbiont on two alternative host plants and in the insects' new invasive range. We found that association with the symbiont was critical for host survival to adulthood when reared on either host plant, with few individuals surviving in the absence of symbiosis. Developmental differences between hosts with and without microbial symbionts, however, were mediated by the host plants on which the insects were reared. Our results support the hypothesis that benefits associated with this host–microbe interaction are environmentally contingent, though given that few individuals survive to adulthood without their symbionts, this may have minimal impact on ecological dynamics and current evolutionary trajectories of these partners.OPEN RESEARCH BADGES

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kg4bc56
Litter accumulation alters the abiotic environment and drives community successional changes in two fenced grasslands in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Hou Dongjie , He Weiming , Liu Changcheng , Qiao Xianguo , Guo Ke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFencing is an effective and practical method for restoring degraded grasslands in northern China. However, little is known about the role of excess litter accumulation due to long‐term fencing in regulating abiotic environment and driving changes in community structure and function. We conducted a three‐year field experiment in two fenced grasslands in Inner Mongolia, and monitored light quantity, soil temperature, and soil moisture continuously, and determined community height, community aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and the relative dominance of different plant functional groups. Litter accumulation reduced light quantity and soil temperature but increased soil moisture. The regulating effects of litter accumulation on soil temperature and soil moisture fluctuated temporally and gradually weakened over the growing season. Litter accumulation also altered community vertical structure and function by increasing community height and ANPP. The increase in soil moisture increased the relative dominance of rhizome grasses but suppressed bunch grasses, thereby shifting bunch grass grasslands to rhizome grass grasslands. Our findings provide a potential mechanism for community succession in the context of litter accumulation in fenced grasslands and indicate that the vegetation and ecosystem services of degraded grasslands are improved after appropriate fencing.
Vocal networks remain stable after a disturbance in Emei music frogs
Authors: Deng Ke , Cui Jian-Guo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSocial network analysis has been widely used to investigate the dynamics of social interactions and the evolution of social complexity across a range of taxa. Anuran species are highly dependent on vocal communication in mate choice; however, these species have rarely been the subject of social network analysis. The present study used social network analysis to investigate whether vocal network structures are consistent in Emei music frog (Babina daunchina) after the introduction of a simulated exotic rival of varying competitiveness into the social group. We broadcasted six categories of artificial calls (either highly sexually attractive calls produced from inside male nests or calls of low sexual attractiveness produced outside nests with three, five or seven notes, respectively) to simulate an intruder with different levels of competitiveness. We then constructed vocal networks for two time periods (before and after the disturbance) and quantified three network metrics (strength, closeness, and betweenness) that measure different aspects of individual‐level position. We used the mean values of these network metrics to evaluate group‐level changes in network structure. We found that the mean strength, mean closeness and mean betweenness were consistent between two time periods in all ponds, despite the fact that the positions of some individuals had changed markedly after disturbance. In addition, there was no significant interaction effect between period and numbers of notes on the three network metrics. These finding suggest that the structure of vocal networks in Emei music frogs remain stable at the group level after a conspecific disturbance, regardless of the intruder's competitiveness.
Temporal trends in incidence and patient characteristics in cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction from 2010 to 2017: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Helgestad Ole K.L. , Josiassen Jakob , Hassager Christian , Jensen Lisette O. , Holmvang Lene , Sørensen Anne , Frydland Martin , Lassen Annmarie T. , Udesen Nanna L.J. , Schmidt Henrik , Ravn Hanne B. , Møller Jacob E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimWe sought to describe the contemporary annual incidence of cardiogenic shock (CS) following acute myocardial infarction (AMICS), the proportion of patients developing CS following ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and other temporal changes in AMICS in Denmark between 2010 and 2017.Methods and resultsMedical records of patients suspected of having AMICS during 2010–2017 were reviewed to identify consecutive patients with AMICS in a cohort corresponding to two‐thirds of the Danish population. Due to changes in recruitment area over the study period, population‐based incidence could only be calculated from 2012 to 2017. A total of 1716 patients with AMICS were identified and an increase in the annual incidence was observed, from a nadir 65.3 per million person‐years in 2013 to 80.0 per million person‐years in 2017 (P‐value for trend < 0.001). This trend corresponded to an increase in patients with non‐STEMI and a decrease in patients developing CS after STEMI (10.0–6.6%, P‐value for trend < 0.001) Also, mean arterial blood pressure at the time of AMICS was lower (63 ± 11 mmHg to 61 ± 13 mmHg, P‐value for trend = 0.001) and the frequency of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 30% increased (61.8%–71.4%, P‐value for trend = 0.004). The annual 30‐day mortality during the study period remained unchanged at about 50%.ConclusionThe incidence rate of AMICS increased in the Danish population between 2012 and 2017. Fewer patients with STEMI developed CS, and haemodynamic severity of CS increased during the study period; however, survival rates remained unchanged.
Monomer hapten and hapten‐specific IgG inhibit mast cell activation evoked by multivalent hapten with different mechanisms
Authors: Suzuki Ruriko , Inoh Yoshikazu , Yokawa Satoru , Suzuki Ryo , Furuno Tadahide , Hirashima Naohide 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAggregation of IgE bound to high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) by multivalent antigen induces mast cell activation. Reportedly, disaggregation of aggregated FcεRI immediately terminated degranulation, and formation of co‐ligated FcεRI and low affinity IgG receptor FcγRIIB blocked degranulation by inhibitory signal via SH2‐containing inositol 5’‐phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) phosphorylation. However, their molecular mechanisms to inhibit mast cell activation have been unclear in detail. Herein, we found that addition of excess monomeric hapten (TNP‐alanine) to multivalent antigen (TNP‐OVA)‐activated rat basophilic leukemia cells and mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells induced immediate and transient Syk dephosphorylation, which was previously phosphorylated by TNP‐OVA addition. Syk dephosphorylation correlated to rapidly decreased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i), terminated degranulation, and suppressed cytokine production through inhibition of Akt and ERK phosphorylation. Addition of hapten‐specific IgG monoclonal antibody (anti‐TNP IgG1) to activated mast cells induced translocation of SHIP1 to the plasma membrane and its phosphorylation, indicating that co‐ligation of FcεRI and FcγRIIB after FcεRI aggregation can lead to SHIP1 activation. SHIP1 phosphorylation led to gradually decreased [Ca2+]i, weak inhibition of degranulation, and strong inhibition of cytokine production. Our findings clearly show the inhibitory mechanism of cell function in activated mast cells by operating Fc receptor crosslinking.
Targeted molecular characterization shows differences between primary and secondary myelofibrosis
Authors: Courtier Frédéric , Garnier Séverine , Carbuccia Nadine , Guille Arnaud , Adélaide José , Chaffanet Max , Hirsch Pierre , Luque Paz Damien , Slama Bohrane , Vey Norbert , Ugo Valérie , Delhommeau François , Rey Jérome , Birnbaum Daniel , Murati Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn BCR‐ABL1‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelofibrosis (MF) is either primary (PMF) or secondary (SMF) to polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia. MF is characterized by an increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and a shortened life expectancy.MethodsBecause natural histories of PMF and SMF are different, we studied by targeted next generation sequencing the differences in the molecular landscape of 86 PMF and 59 SMF and compared their prognosis impact.ResultsPMF had more ASXL1 (47.7%) and SRSF2 (14%) gene mutations than SMF (respectively 27.1% and 3.4%, P = .04). Poorer survival was associated with RNA splicing mutations (especially SRSF2) and TP53 in PMF (P = .0003), and with ASXL1 and TP53 mutations in SMF (P < .0001). These mutations of poor prognosis were associated with biological features of scoring systems (DIPSS and MYSEC‐PM score). Mutations in TP53/SRSF2 in PMF or TP53/ASXL1 in SMF were more frequent as the risk of these scores increased. This allowed for a better stratification of MF patients, especially within the DIPSS intermediate‐1 risk group (DIPSS) or the MYSEC‐PM high risk group. AML transformation occurred faster in SMF than in PMF and patients who transformed to AML were more SRSF2‐mutated and less CALR‐mutated at MF sampling.ConclusionsPMF and SMF have different but not specific molecular profiles and different prognosis depending on the molecular profile. This may be due to differences in disease history. Combining mutations and existing scores should improve prognosis assessment.
Long‐term exhumation history of the Gangdese magmatic arc: Implications for the evolution of the Kailas Basin, western Tibet
Authors: Shen Tianyi , Wang Guocan , Bernet Matthias , Replumaz Anne , Ai Keke , Song Bowen , Zhang Kexin , Zhang Pan 
Published: July 2019

Constraining the long‐term exhumation history of the Gangdese magmatic arc is critical for understanding the coupled evolution of orogenic exhumation and accumulation of basin sediments on the southern Tibetan Plateau. We present new zircon fission‐track (ZFT) data from sandstones in the Mt. Kailas area, western Tibet, to decipher the relation between source rock exhumation and sediment deposition in the basin. Two sedimentary members were recognized in the Kailas Basin which are the Eocene conglomerates in the hanging wall of the Great Counter Thrust and the Oligocene–Miocene Kailas Formation in the footwall. The Eocene conglomerates were mostly derived from the Lhasa Terrane to the north with recycling of pre‐Cenozoic sediments, containing zircons that experienced post‐magmatic cooling after the Indian–Asian collision and buried deeply later by the Oligocene–Miocene Kailas Formation. The ZFT analysis from the Kailas Formation illustrates significant cooling during the Oligocene (ca. 32 Ma) in the source region, indicating that the Gangdese magmatic arc rocks were eroded rapidly during that time. The alternate increasing and decreasing of the southernmost Gangdese magmatic arc progresses are linked to dynamic topography deflection induced by the northward subduction of the Indian Plate since the Oligocene and subsequent southward overturning of the Indian mantle slab. Basin subsidence and formation of the Kailas Formation seems also be driven by dynamic topography since the Oligocene.
The genesis and gold mineralization of the crypto‐explosive breccia pipe in the Yixingzhai gold region, central North China Craton
Authors: Zhang Ju‐Quan , Li Sheng‐Rong , Santosh M. , Luo Jun‐Yan , Li Cheng‐Lu , Song Ji‐Ye , Lu Jing , Liang Xian 
Published: July 2019

The Yixingzhai gold deposit is a quartz‐vein–type deposit accompanied by skarn iron and porphyry molybdenum mineralization. There are four crypto‐explosive breccia pipes which provide an important ore‐controlling structure. Here we investigate the composition and compositional zoning of the native gold, garnet, and epidote in the Tietangdong skarn breccia pipe through detailed petrography, electron probe microanalysis, and elemental mapping. The native gold compositions show that they were formed in a relative higher temperature condition. Based on their composition and optical characteristics, the zoning in garnet can be divided into three types. The garnets of Generations 1 and 3 show high contents of spessartine (2.91–10.17 mol%) and grossular (20.94–54.71 mol%) and anomalous birefringence, indicating that they formed under relatively higher pressure and temperature and lower oxygen fugacity. The garnets of Generation 2 are mainly composed of andradite (75.70–99.98 mol%) and show compositional homogeneity, with formation under relative lower pressure and temperature and higher oxygen fugacity conditions. Magmatic‐hydrothermal pulses and multiple crypto‐explosions could be the main geological processes that caused the formation of the zoning textures. Zoning in epidote is more complex than that in garnet, and from core to the rim, the iron content shows an abrupt increase and aluminium content shows decrease. There is also decrease in iron and increase in aluminium in the inner part. These features might record multiple crypto‐explosion processes. Combining the complex replacement features of iron oxides and sulphides in the breccia pipe, we suggest that the Tietangdong breccia pipe formed through several crypto‐explosions. The fluid system in the breccia pipe activated during multiple crypto‐explosions, and oxygen fugacity varied greatly, which was disadvantageous to the accumulation and precipitation of ore‐forming elements. Crypto‐explosions destroyed the ore bodies formed during the early stage, resulting in their scattered distribution throughout the breccia pipe. Cone fractures formed eventually with the shrinking of the cooling breccia pipe after the magmatism ceased. Those fractures provided important ore‐hosting structures for the gold mineralization during the late stage. Our research indicates that there is high prospecting potential for porphyry Mo, Cu, and Au deposits in the deeper domains of the breccia pipes.