bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences and diversity of autoimmune-mediated encephalitis in 77 cases from a single tertiary care center
Authors: Saraya Abhinbhen Wasontiwong , Worachotsueptrakun Kanthita , Vutipongsatorn Kritchai , Sonpee Chanikarn , Hemachudha Thiravat 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Since the discovery of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antibody in 2007, the incidence of autoantibody-mediated encephalitis has risen globally. Here we analyzed and compared groups of autoantibody-associated encephalitis patients based on clinical findings and laboratory results in order to find differences between two major groups of autoantibody-mediated encephalitis: intracellular and neuronal surface antibodies.
Methods
77 records of autoimmune encephalitis/encephalomyelitis patients admitted to King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) between October 2010 and February 2017 were reviewed. Patients with infections or those with classic central nervous system demyelinating features were excluded. Categorical data was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Unpaired, two-tailed t-test was performed to analyze numerical data.
Results
Of 77 patients, 40% presented with neuronal surface antibodies and 33% had intracellular antibodies. The most common autoantibody detected in each group was anti-NMDA receptor antibody (25/31, 81%) and anti-Ri antibody (7/25, 28%) respectively. In the neuronal surface antibody group, behavioral change was the most common complaint (45%), followed by seizures (39%), abnormal movements (29%) and psychosis/mood disorder (23%). In the latter group, seizure was the most common presenting symptom (32%), followed by motor weakness (20%), behavioral change (16%) and abnormal movements (16%). Patients with neuronal surface antibodies were significantly younger (35 vs 48 years old, p=0.04) and were more likely to present with behavioral change (45% vs 16%, p=0.02). Mortality rate was higher in the intracellular group although this was statistically insignificant (16% vs 3.2%, p=0.09). No significant differences were detected in magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile.
Conclusions
The prevalence of neuronal surface antibody group was much higher than the intracellular group. In the earlier stages of the disease, both groups have comparable clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it is difficult to distinguish autoantibody-associated encephalitis patients based on clinical data, neuroimaging and CSF profile. Therefore, we recommend that patients with features of autoimmune encephalitis should be screened for both the neuronal surface and intracellular antibodies regardless of clinical presentation.
A prospective randomized double-blind trial of the efficacy of a bilateral lumbar erector spinae block on the 24h morphine consumption after posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery
Authors: breebaart margaretha , Aken David Van , De Fré Olivier , Sermeus Luc , Kamerling Niels , Michielsen Jozef , De Jong Lars , Roelant Ella , Saldien Vera , Versyck Barbara 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Spine surgery is associated with considerable postoperative pain and can be challenging to treat. A loco-regional technique suitable for spine surgery should cover the dorsal root of the spinal nerves at the levels where surgery is performed. The erector spinae block is a loco-regional technique with promising results that was recently described at the thoracic level. There are no randomized trials of this technique on a lumbar level. This study tests the hypothesis that the 24hour postoperative morphine consumption is significantly lower in patients undergoing posterior lumbar inter-body fusion surgery with a lumbar erector spinae (LUMBES) block when compared to a sham block.

Methods:
This prospective randomized double-blind multicentre study will randomly allocate 80 adult patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar inter-body fusion surgery during general anaesthesia to one of two groups as follows: 1. bilateral erector spinae block (20 mL 0,25% levobupivacaine) or 2. bilateral sham block (20 ml NaCl 0,9%). Our primary endpoint is the 24-hour postoperative morphine consumption. Secondary endpoints include: 72-hour morphine consumption, intraoperative sufentanil dosage, postoperative pain scores at regular time intervals both at rest and during movement, time to first post-operative mobilization and the Quality of Recovery 40 score.

Discussion: The LUMBES trial is a pragmatic clinical study that will provide evidence of whether a bilateral lumbar erector spinae block is effective in reducing 24-hour postoperative morphine consumption in patients undergoing lumbar inter-body fusion surgery. If this hypothesis is confirmed, this finding could contribute to more widespread implementation of this technique.
OCT Angiography of Persistent Hyaloid Artery: A case report
Authors: Jeon Hansol , Kim Jinsoo , Kwon Soonil 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

A persistent hyaloid artery is a rare fetal remnant. Several complications such as amblyopia, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment have been reported. Here, we present a case of vitreous hemorrhage with a persistent hyaloid artery.

Case presentation

A healthy 16-year-old male presented with blurred vision in his left eye. Vitreous hemorrhage occurred and absorbed spontaneously. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated a Mittendorf’s dot and fundus examination revealed a persistent hyaloid artery. Optical coherence tomography showed a Bergmeister’s papilla. The blood flow of the persistent hyaloid artery via the Bergmeister’s papilla was found by OCT angiography.

Conclusion

The persistent hyaloid artery should be considered as a cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage of young healthy patient. The OCT angiography will be a useful noninvasive approach to confirm the patency of the persistent hyaloid artery.
Small, but surprisingly repetitive genomes: Transposon expansion and not polyploidy has driven a doubling in genome size in a metazoan species complex
Authors: Blommaert Julie , Riss Simone , Hecox-Lea Bette , Mark-Welch David B. , Stelzer Claus-Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The causes and consequences of genome size variation across Eukaryotes, which spans five orders of magnitude, have been hotly debated since before the advent of genome sequencing. Previous studies have mostly examined variation among larger taxonomic units (e.g., orders, or genera), while comparisons among closely related species are rare. Rotifers of the Brachionus plicatilis species complex exhibit a seven-fold variation in genome size and thus represent a unique opportunity to study such changes on a relatively short evolutionary timescale. Here, we sequenced and analysed the genomes of four species of this complex with nuclear DNA contents spanning 110- 422 Mbp. To establish the likely mechanisms of genome size change, we analysed both sequencing read libraries and assemblies for signatures of polyploidy and repetitive element content. We also compared these genomes to that of B. calyciflorus, the closest relative with a sequenced genome (293 Mbp nuclear DNA content).
Results summary: Despite the very large differences in genome size, we saw no evidence of ploidy level changes across the B. plicatilis complex. However, repetitive element content explained a large portion of genome size variation (at least 54%). The species with the largest genome, B. asplanchnoidis, has a strikingly high 44% repetitive element content, while the smaller B. plicatilis genomes contain between 14% and 25% repetitive elements. According to our analyses, the B. calyciflorus genome contains 39% repetitive elements, which is substantially higher than previously reported (21%), and suggests that high repetitive element load could be widespread in monogonont rotifers.
Conclusions: Even though the genome sizes of these species are at the low end of the Metazoan spectrum, their genomes contain substantial amounts of repetitive elements. Polyploidy does not appear to play a role in genome size variations in these species, and these variations can be mostly explained by changes in repetitive element content. This contradicts the naïve expectation that small genomes are streamlined, or less complex, and that large variations in nuclear DNA content between closely related species are due to polyploidy.
Comparison of the effect of three different protein content enteral diets on serum levels of proteins, nitrogen balance and energy expenditure in critically ill infants: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Montes Reyes Fernández , Villaescusa Javier Urbano , Álvarez Ángel Carrillo , Allende Ana Vivanco , García María José Solana , Galán Corsino Rey , Cid Jesús López-Herce 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Nutritional support is essential in the care of critically ill children, since malnutrition in this population is associated to increased morbidity and mortality. Injury in patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) results in a catabolic state, with augmented protein breakdown, leading to a negative protein balance. Current recommendations about protein prescription in PICU are fundamentally based on expert opinions, with a minimum threshold of 1.5 g/kg/day of protein, although protein needs could be higher in certain subgroups of patients. The main objective of the present study is to examine if the administration of a protein-enriched infant formula increases the serum levels of total proteins, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, retinol, and improves nitrogen balance; and to analyze the effect of the high-protein diet on energy expenditure. A secondary objective is to register possible secondary effects of the protein-enriched diet.

Methods

a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be performed in three hospitals. Patients meeting inclusion criteria will be randomly allocated to one of three enteral feeding formula with different protein content. Blood and urine test, nitrogen balance assessment and energy expenditure testing by indirect calorimetry will be performed at the beginning of nutrition regimen and at 24 hours, 72 hours and 5-7 days after initiation. The sample size for this trial is estimated as 90 participants, with approximately 30 participants in each group. The data analysis will be by intention to treat.

Discussion

this RCT will provide new data about the amount of protein needed to improve levels of serum protein and nitrogen balance, surrogate of protein balance, in critically ill infants receiving enteral nutrition.
“Due to the side effects she has when using the method it will be difficult for nurses to convince her to continue with that method. That’s why I said she will leave with another method.”: Family planning providers and contraceptive users in Rwanda do not consider discontinuation an option
Authors: Schwandt Hilary M. , Boulware Angel , Corey Julia , Herrera Ana , Hudler Ethan , Imbabazi Claudette , King Ilia , Linus Jessica , Manzi Innocent , Merritt Maddie , Mezier Lyn , Miller Abigail , Morris Haley , Musemakweli Dieudonne , Musekura Uwase , Mutuyimana Divine , Ntakarutimana Chimene , Patel Nirali , Scanteianu Adriana , Shemeza Biganette-Evidente , Stapleton Madi , Sterling-Donaldson Gi'anna , Umutoni Chantal , Uwera Lyse , Zeiler Madeleine , Feinberg Seth 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Contraceptive discontinuation is a common event. Family planning programs often focus more on recruitment of new users as opposed to maintaining use among current users. A focus on sustaining users is imperative for long-term family planning program success.

Methods

This qualitative study in Rwanda in 2018 included eight focus group discussions with family planning providers and 32 in-depth interviews with contraceptive users. The data were collected in the two districts with the highest and lowest rates of contraceptive use, Musanze and Nyamasheke, respectively. The aim of this study is to better understand contraceptive use dynamics in Rwanda.

Results

Family planning providers and current users in Rwanda do not consider method discontinuation an option. Providers give support and medicine for side effects for continuers and counseling for those opting to switch. Current users are willing to try many methods until they find the right one for them – and once they find the right method, they plan to, or use the method, for long durations.

Conclusions

The Rwandan family planning program is primed to meet the needs of users in their sustained use of contraceptives through empathetic and responsive counseling. Concurrently, family planning users are determined to use family planning to meet their desired family size goals. The matching goals of both providers and clients indicates that contraceptive use will likely continue to increase in the future in Rwanda; however, due to long periods of pregnancy prevention desired – increased use of long acting methods should be encouraged.
The Gauge-Higgs legacy of the LHC run II
Authors: Biekoetter Anke , Corbett Tyler , Plehn Tilman 
Published: June 2019

We present a global analysis of the Higgs and electroweak sector
based on LHC Run II and electroweak precision observables. We show which
measurements provide the leading constraints on Higgs-related operators,
and how the achieved LHC precision makes it necessary to combine rate
measurements with electroweak precision observables. The SFitter
framework allows us to include kinematic distributions beyond
pre-defined ATLAS and CMS observables, independently study correlations,
and avoid Gaussian assumptions for theory uncertainties. These Run II
results are a step towards a precision physics program at the LHC,
interpreted in terms of effective operators.
GENOTYPE AND ABO BLOOD GROUP ASSOCIATION WITH PREVALENCE OF MALARIA AMONG PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA MEDICAL CENTER: A CROSS-SECTIONAL EVALUATION
Authors: Isah Abdulmuminu , Anosike Chibueze , Ogbodo Chukwuma Stephen , Emeka Charles Obinna , Nworu Chukwuemeka Sylvester 
Published: June 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malaria and its relationship with the ABO blood group and genotype at the University of Nigeria Medical Centre.
Methods: The study had a prospective cross-sectional design in which malaria status and blood groups and genotype were determined. All collected data were analysed using Statistical product and services Solution (V.21). Frequencies and percentages were used to describe the data while Chi-square and Pearson correlation were used to determine associations between malaria prevalence and patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. Statistical significance was considered for p<0.05.
Results: Three hundred and twenty-three (323) patients were tested for malaria, 245(75.9%) of whom tested positive. The prevalence was highest for patient’s aged 19-25 y (28.5%). The difference was statistically significant for age: χ2 (5) = 33.60, p = 0.0005. There were more blood group O (57.6%) among the patients, while AA genotype was the majority (72.4%). Those with blood group O had the highest prevalence of malaria (33.7%) and it was statistically significant (χ2 (3) = 72.10, p = 0.0005)). Correlation showed that the association between blood group and malaria prevalence was moderate (R = 0.457). The AA genotype had more incidence of malaria (54.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The prevalence of malaria was high among the patients surveyed. Its association with the patients’ ABO blood group was established to be statistically significant, with blood group O having the highest incidence. Although AA genotype was observed to have the highest cases of malaria, the relationship was found not to be significant.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR DOCKING, ADMET STUDIES AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PYRAZOLINE INCORPORATED 1, 2, 3-TRIAZOLE BENZENE SULPHONAMIDES
Authors: SILIVERI SRAVANTHI , BASHABOINA NAGARAJU , VAMARAJU HARINADHA BABU , Raj Shiva 
Published: June 2019

Objective: The main objective of this work was to design, synthesize and evaluate the novel pyrazoline incorporated 1,2,3-triazole benzene sulphonamides for cytotoxic and anti-gout activities also to perform Insilco molecular docking studies.
Methods: Designed compounds were synthesized by condensation of different substituted chalcones (3a-i) with hydrazine hydrate and substituted phenylhydrazines. All the synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of physical and spectral data. To predict the affinity and activity of the ligand molecule Libdock program was employed to generate different bioactive binding poses of designing molecules at the active site of protein Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα). Title compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity by using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and anti-gout activity by potassium oxonate induced assay.
Results: All the synthesized compounds showed characteristic peaks in FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR and MASS spectral analysis. In molecular docking studies, compound 3i has shown good binding affinity to the active site of PI3Kα with a docking score of 145.031 and 4 hydrogen bonding interactions with least hepatotoxicity and good bioavailability when compared with that of reference ligand KKR exhibited a Libdock score of 88.35. Remaining compounds also have a good binding affinity with a minimum of 2 bonding interactions and having better absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) profile. The same compound (3i) exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 4.54µg/ml. Compound 4d was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity and it has significantly ameliorated against potassium oxonate induced gout in mice when compared with that of standard drug allopurinol due to its anti-inflammatory property.
Conclusion: We designed and synthesized a novel series of title compounds in quantitative yields and performed docking studies. New derivatives have a good binding affinity towards PI3Kα enzyme, good bioavailability, least hepatotoxicity and significant cytotoxic activity.
1-OR: Effect of Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner on Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: LAUBNER KATHARINA , RÖHLEN NATASCHA , BETTINGER DOMINIK , HILGER HANNA , KÖNIG CAROLIN , KREBS ANDREAS , SEUFERT JOCHEN 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) is an antiresorptive endoscopic treatment option for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. The effects of DJBL on cardiovascular risk parameters remain elusive.
Methods: We implanted in 71 patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome a DJBL for 9-12 months. At implantation, 3 months, explantation, 3 and 6 months follow-up, data on blood sugar, body weight, blood pressure and lipid status were collected. Serum samples were analysed for dynamics of cardiovascular biomarkers: high sensitive CRP (HsCRP); lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2); Homoarginine; symmetrical dimethylarginin (SDMA), assymetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and low densitiy lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions. Overall cardiovascular risk was estimated by Advanced-Risk-Engine at time of implantation, explantation and after 6 months of follow-up.
Results: Implantation of DJBL was accompanied by significant decrease of body weight and improvement of blood sugar. We observed decrements of systolic blood pressure, LDL and triglyceride levels in the course of DJBL implantation (p=1x10-3, p=2x10-3, p=0.01). hsCRP, Lp-PLA2 and small dense lipoprotein fraction LDL-4 showed significant decreases after implantation (hsCRP: V1 vs. V6, p=1x10-3, Lp-PLA2: V1 vs. V5, p&lt;1x10-3, LDL-4: V1 vs. V5, p=0.04). Unexpectedly, decreased homoarginine levels after DJBL-implantation correlated with body weight reduction, possibly reflecting catabolic metabolism. Estimated overall cardiovascular risk by Advanced-Risk-Engine decreased after implantation and remained stable within 6 months of follow-up.
Discussion: Above recent reports of beneficial effects of DJBL on weight loss, glycemic control and lipid parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome, this is the first study that revealed significant impact on serological cardiovascular biomarkers, indicating possible protective effects of DJBL on cardiovascular outcome.

Disclosure
K. Laubner: Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, GI Dynamics, Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novartis AG. N. Röhlen: None. D. Bettinger: None. H. Hilger: None. C. König: None. A. Krebs: None. J. Seufert: None.

Funding
GI Dynamics
10-LB: Factors Associated with Fear of Hypoglycemia among the T1D Exchange Glu Population
Authors: LIU JINGWEN , MITCHELL BETH , BISPHAM JEOFFREY , FAN LUDI , HUGHES ALLYSON , MCAULIFFE-FOGARTY ALICIA 
Published: June 2019

Fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) has been associated with suboptimal diabetes management and health outcomes. The American Diabetes Association recommends further mental health evaluation and treatment if a person with diabetes has a positive screen for FoH. This study investigated factors associated with behavioral and emotional aspects of FoH among adults living with T1D. The study included 494 participants from T1D Exchange Glu (mean [SD] age 43.9 ± 12.2 years, duration of T1D 16.6 ± 16.8 years, self-reported A1c 6.9 ± 0.8%), 63% male, 89% on insulin pump, 25% experienced a severe hypoglycemic event in the last six months. The Hypoglycemia Fear Scale (HFS-II) short form and the Hypoglycemia Attitudes and Behavior Scale (HABS) were used to assess FoH. Multivariable regression analyses showed that higher anxiety, higher depression, and higher diabetes distress were associated with FoH (Table 1). Longer duration of diabetes was associated with lower FoH. Ever experienced severe low blood glucose was associated with higher worry of hypoglycemia but not avoidance behavior. Higher avoidance behavior but not worry/anxiety of hypoglycemia was associated with higher A1c or more diabetes-related comorbidities. These results highlighted the multifaceted nature of FoH and suggest that positive screen for anxiety, depression, or diabetes distress warrants further discussion on FoH between providers and patients with T1D.

Disclosure
J. Liu: None. B. Mitchell: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Bispham: None. L. Fan: Employee; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Lilly Diabetes. A. Hughes: None. A. McAuliffe-Fogarty: None.