bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervicogenic headache treated by acupuncture based on jin theory: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dong Youkang , Guo Taipin , Xu Lei , Wang Chunlin , Wen Guanfen , Zhao Zhiyong , Duan Lianhai , Zou Mei , Xiang Yong , Wang Shu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Numerous randomized trials involving acupuncture treatment for cervicogenic headache (CEH) have been conducted in recent years, but the evidence for its effectiveness is not clear. Hence, we designed a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy and advantages of acupuncture for treating CEH.

Design
This is a parallel-design, two-arm, patient-assessor blinded, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial. A total of 166 patients with CEH aged from 18 to 70 will be recruited and assigned randomly into a jin acupuncture group and a pseudo acupuncture group at a 1:1 ratio; they will receive 12 sessions of real acupuncture and sham acupuncture for 4 weeks, respectively, during the study. The primary outcomes are pain degree (PD) and pain rate (PR) calculated by the PainVision analyzer, as well as parameters detected by surface electromyography (SEMG). The secondary outcomes will be measured with the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), range of motion (ROM) of the neck, the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ), the 36-item short-form Health Survey (SF-36), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Clinical assessments will be evaluated at baseline and in the fourth week as well as in the eighth and sixteenth weeks. Adverse events will be noted and recorded for the safety evaluation.

Discussion
This study will provide high-quality evidence of the value of acupuncture based on jin theory for treating CEH.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800015316. Registered on 22 March 2018. Updated version AMCTR-IOR-18000157. Registered on 1 April 2018.
Finding a home in the noise: cross-modal impact of anthropogenic vibration on animal search behaviour
Authors: Roberts Louise , Laidre Mark E. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Chemical cues and signals enable animals to sense their surroundings over vast distances and find key resources, like food and shelter. However, the use of chemosensory information may be impaired in aquatic habitats by anthropogenic activities, which produce both water-borne sounds and substrate-borne vibrations, potentially affecting not only vibroacoustic sensing but other modalities as well. We attracted marine hermit crabs (Pagurus acadianus) in field experiments using a chemical cue indicative of a newly available shell home. We then quantified the number of crabs arriving in control versus impulsive noise conditions. Treatment (control or noise), time (before or after), and the interaction between the two significantly affected the numbers of crabs, with fewer crabs attracted to the chemical cue after noise exposure. The results indicate that noise can affect chemical information use in the marine environment, acting cross-modally to impact chemically-guided search behaviour in free-ranging animals. Broadly, anthropogenic noise and seabed vibration may have profound effects, even on behaviours mediated by other sensory modalities. Hence, the impact of noise should be investigated not only within, but also across sensory modalities.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Straight arm walking, bent arm running: gait-specific elbow angles
Authors: Yegian Andrew K. , Tucker Yanish , Gillinov Stephen , Lieberman Daniel E. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Stereotypically, walking and running gaits in humans exhibit different arm swing behavior: during walking, the arm is kept mostly straight, while during running, the arm is bent at the elbow. The mechanism for this behavioral difference has not been explored before. We hypothesized that a mechanical tradeoff exists between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint. Bending the elbow reduces the radius of gyration of the arm and reduces shoulder muscle torque, but at the price of increasing elbow torque. We predicted that the mechanical tradeoff would result in energetics that favored straight arms during walking and bent arms during running. The hypothesis was tested experimentally by having eight subjects walk and run with both straight arms and bent arms while recording arm swing mechanics, and oxygen consumption in a subset of six subjects. The mechanical tradeoff hypothesis was confirmed, with bent arms reducing normalized shoulder muscle torque in both gaits (walking: −33%, running: −32%) and increasing normalized elbow muscle torque in both gaits (walking: +110%, running: +30%). Bent arms increased oxygen consumption by 11% when walking, supporting our prediction that energetics favor straight arms during walking. However, oxygen consumption was equivalent for the straight and bent arm running conditions, and did not support our running prediction. We conclude that straight arms are stereotyped in walking as a result of optimal energetics, while the mechanism leading to bent arms during running remains unknown.
Quantitative evaluation of computed and voxelwise computed diffusion-weighted imaging in breast cancer
Authors: Cheng Qingyuan , Ye Shuxin , Fu Chuqi , Zhou Jiejie , He Xiaxia , Miao Haiwei , Xu Nina , Wang Meihao 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
To assess the value of computed diffusion-weighted imaging (cDWI) and voxelwise computed diffusion-weighted imaging (vcDWI) in breast cancer.

Methods:
This retrospective study involved 130 patients (age range, 25–70 years; mean age ± standard deviation, 48.6 ± 10.5 years) with 130 malignant lesions, who underwent MRI examinations, including a DWI sequence, prior to needle biopsy or surgery. cDWIs with higher b-values of 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, and 4000 s/mm2, and vcDWI were generated from measured (m) DWI with two lower b-values of 0/600, 0/800, or 0/1000 s/mm2. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast ratio (CR) of all image sets were computed and compared among different DWIs by two experienced radiologists independently. To better compare the CR with the SNR, the CR value was multiplied by 100 (CR100).

Results:
The CR of vcDWI, and cDWIs, except for cDWI1000, differed significantly from that of measured diffusion-weighted imaging (mDWI) (cDWI1000: CR = 0.4904, p = 0.394; cDWI1500: CR = 0.5503, p = 0.006; cDWI2000: CR = 0.5889, p &lt; 0.001; cDWI2500: CR = 0.6109, p &lt; 0.001; cDWI3000: mean = 0.6214, p &lt; 0.001; cDWI3500: CR = 0.6245, p &lt; 0.001; cDWI4000: CR = 0.6228, p &lt; 0.001). The vcDWI provided the highest CR, while the CRs of all cDWI image sets improved with increased b-values. The SNR of neither cDWI1000 nor vcDWI differed significantly from that of mDWI, but the mean SNRs of the remaining cDWIs were significantly lower than that of mDWI. The SNRs of cDWIs declined with increasing b-values, and the initial decrease at low b-values was steeper than the gradual attenuation at higher b-values; the CR100 rose gradually, and the two converged on the b-value interval of 1500–2000 s/mm2 .

Conclusions:
The highest CR was achieved with vcDWI; this could be a promising approach easier detection of breast cancer.

Advances in knowledge:
This study comprehensively compared and evaluated the value of the emerging post-processing DWI techniques (including a set of cDWIs and vcDWI) in breast cancer.
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in acute ischaemic stroke does not alter systemic markers of anti-microbial defence
Authors: McCulloch Laura , Allan Stuart M. , Emsley Hedley C. , Smith Craig J. , McColl Barry W. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Blockade of the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a candidate treatment for stroke entering phase II/III trials, which acts by inhibiting harmful inflammatory responses. Infection is a common complication after stroke that significantly worsens outcome and is related to stroke-induced deficits in systemic immune function thought to be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, immunomodulatory treatments for stroke, such as IL-1Ra, carry a risk of aggravating stroke-associated infection. Our primary objective was to determine if factors associated with antibody-mediated antibacterial defences were further compromised in patients treated with IL-1Ra after stroke. Methods: We assessed plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin isotypes and complement components in stroke patients treated with IL-1Ra or placebo and untreated non-stroke controls using multiplex protein assays. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was determined by measuring noradrenaline, a major SNS mediator. Results: There were significantly lower plasma concentrations of IgM, IgA, IgG1 and IgG4 in stroke-patients compared to non-stroke controls, however there were no differences between stroke patients treated with placebo or IL-1Ra. Concentrations of complement components associated with the classical pathway were increased and those associated with the alternative pathways decreased in stroke patients, neither being affected by treatment with IL-1Ra. Noradrenaline concentrations were increased after stroke in both placebo and IL-1Ra-treated stroke patients compared to non-stroke controls. Conclusion: These data show treatment with IL-1Ra after stroke does not alter circulating immunoglobulin and complement concentrations and is therefore unlikely to further aggravate stroke-associated infection susceptibility through reduced availability of these key anti-microbial mediators.
Developing a core outcome set for a congenital abnormalities surveillance programme in Rwanda – a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Uwineza Annette , Muhorakeye Aline , Hitayezu Janvier , Cartledge Peter Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Background: In 2015 it was reported that approximately 300,000 newborns die within four weeks of birth every year, worldwide, due to congenital anomalies. This represents approximately 11% of neonatal deaths. This has led scientists, clinicians and public health authorities to establish congenital abnormality registries (CARs). There is currently no CAR in Rwanda. In establishing such a registry, it was determined that the first step was to identify the core outcome set (COS) (or minimal data-set) of variables and outcomes for the registry to ensure that the final results are meaningful and employable. This study aimed to use Delphi consensus methods to identify a methodologically robust COS for a congenital abnormalities surveillance programme in Rwanda. Methods: A three-round, modified Delphi study was undertaken between April and June 2017. Round 1 was a literature and internet search followed by an open and closed question round with experts in Rounds 2 and 3, respectively. Results: An initial draft COS of 136 outcomes was created from a review of 15 African studies and 14 international repository tools including the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies and the World Health Organization surveillance guidance. In total, 36 and 34 participants took part in Rounds 2 and 3, respectively. A total of 32 new outcomes were added by participants in Round 2. 103 outcomes met the pre-defined consensus criteria and made up the final COS in Round 3. Conclusions: This is the first core outcome set for a congenital abnormality surveillance programme in an African nation identified in the literature. The next stage is to field-test the surveillance programme using passive case-finding in teaching hospitals in Rwanda.
Optimization of extraction of genomic DNA from archived dried blood spot (DBS): potential application in epidemiological research & bio banking
Authors: Kumar Abhinendra , Mhatre Sharayu , Godbole Sheela , Jha Prabhat , Dikshit Rajesh 
Published: July 2019

Background:Limited infrastructure is available to collect, store and transport venous blood in field epidemiological studies. Dried blood spot (DBS) is a robust potential alternative sample source for epidemiological studies & bio banking. A stable source of genomic DNA (gDNA) is required for long term storage in bio bank for its downstream applications. Our objective is to optimize the methods of gDNA extraction from stored DBS and with the aim of revealing its utility in large scale epidemiological studies. Methods:The purpose of this study was to extract the maximum amount of gDNA from DBS on Whatman 903 protein saver card. gDNA was extracted through column (Qiagen) & magnetic bead based (Invitrogen) methods. Quantification of extracted gDNA was performed with a spectrophotometer, fluorometer, and integrity analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Result:Large variation was observed in quantity & purity (260/280 ratio, 1.8-2.9) of the extracted gDNA. The intact gDNA bands on the electrophoresis gel reflect the robustness of DBS for gDNA even after prolonged storage time. The extracted gDNA amount 2.16 – 24 ng/µl is sufficient for its PCR based downstream application, but unfortunately it can’t be used for whole genome sequencing or genotyping from extracted gDNA. Sequencing or genotyping can be achieved by after increasing template copy number through whole genome amplification of extracted gDNA. The obtained results create a base for future research to develop high-throughput research and extraction methods from blood samples.Conclusion:The above results reveal, DBS can be utilized as a potential and robust sample source for bio banking in field epidemiological studies.
Intelligence in offspring born to women exposed to intimate partner violence: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Abel Kathryn M , Heuvelman Hein , Rai Dheeraj , Timpson Nicholas J , Sarginson Jane , Shallcross Rebekah , Mitchell Heather , Hope Holly , Emsley Richard 
Published: July 2019

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a risk factor for developmental problems in offspring. Despite a high prevalence of IPV in the UK and elsewhere, the longer-term outcomes of offspring born to exposed mothers remain under-researched. Methods: Population-based cohort study. We assessed IPV prevalence by type and timing for 3,153 mother-child pairs with complete data within our study population and examined associations between IPV and offspring IQ. We used multiple-imputation to evaluate bias due to our exclusion of observations with missing covariate data. Results: Nearly one in five mothers reported IPV during the study period, with 17.6% reporting emotional violence and 6.8% reporting physical violence. Taking into account potential confounders, the IQ scores of children born to mothers exposed to physical violence remained lower than those of maternally unexposed children (full-scale IQ = −2.8 points [95%CI −4.9 to −0.7], verbal IQ = −2.2 [95%CI −4.4 to −0.1], performance IQ = −2.7 [95%CI −5.0 to −0.5]) and odds of below-average intelligence (IQ<90) remained increased for full-scale (OR 1.48 [95%CI 1.03 to 2.14] and performance IQ (OR 1.48 [95%CI 1.08 to 2.04]) but not verbal IQ (OR 1.06 [95%CI 0.69 to 1.64]). Most physical violence occurred postnatally, and relative odds were most substantial when mothers were exposed to violence across pre-/perinatal and postnatal study periods (OR performance IQ<90 = 2.97 [95%CI 1.30 to 6.82]). Conclusions: Maternal exposure to physical IPV is associated with lower offspring IQ at age 8. Associations persisted after adjusting for potential confounders and were driven by violence occurring postnatally.
Differences in effectiveness of intensive programs of treatment for neurotic and personality disorders. Is it worth to monitor the effectiveness of the therapeutic team?
Authors: Styła Rafał 
Published: July 2019

CelSprawdzenie, czy trzy odmienne intensywne programy leczenia zaburzeń osobowości i nerwic są skuteczne w obniżaniu nasilenia objawów nerwicowych i cech osobowości nerwicowej oraz czy istnieją różnice między tymi ośrodkami w zakresie efektów terapii.MetodaGrupa badana liczy 105 pacjentów (83% kobiet, średnia wieku 35 lat) ze zdiagnozowaną nerwicą lub zaburzeniami osobowości, którzy byli leczeni w warunkach oddziału dziennego lub całodobowego. Badane programy terapeutyczne były stworzone dla pacjentów z rozpoznaniem nerwic i zaburzeń osobowości. Składają się z leczenia w formie grupowej (psychoterapia grupowa, psychodrama, psychoedukacja itp.) trwającego od 6 do 12 tygodni, 5 godzin dziennie. Uczestnicy badania wypełniali Kwestionariusz Objawów Nerwicowych KS-II oraz Kwestionariusz Osobowości Nerwicowej KON-2006 na początku i pod koniec leczenia.WynikiLeczenie okazało się efektywne w obniżaniu nasilenia objawów nerwicy (d Cohen=0,56). Bardziej szczegółowa analiza ukazała, że istnieje istotna statystycznie interakcja między trzema badanymi grupami a efektywnością (η2=0,09). Terapia oferowana w dwóch instytucjach okazała się efektywna (d Cohen=0,80), podczas gdy jeden z badanych programów nie prowadził do poprawy u pacjentów. Nie stwierdzono poprawy w zakresie nasilenia cech osobowości nerwicowej w żadnym z badanych ośrodków.WnioskiIstnieją istotne różnice w efektywności intensywnych programów leczenia nerwic i zaburzeń osobowości. W świetle literatury można postawić hipotezę, że uzyskane wyniki są w większym stopniu powiązane z charakterystyką zespołów terapeutycznych niż z wykorzystywanymi metodami. Ujawnia się potrzeba rutynowego monitorowania efektywności zespołów.
Tooth autotransplantation 2: the interdisciplinary approach with emphasis on the orthodontic aspects
Authors: Jawad Zynab , Barber Sophy , Duggal Monty , Houghton Nadine 
Published: July 2019

Autotransplantation relies on successful interdisciplinary teamwork, utilizing the skills of each team member to optimize the outcome. During treatment planning, orthodontic input is required to determine whether orthodontic treatment is indicated and if a suitable donor tooth will be available. The orthodontist has a role in providing pre-surgical orthodontics to prepare the recipient site for the donor tooth and post-surgical orthodontics to correct the malocclusion fully and achieve the treatment goals. This article will outline the role of the interdisciplinary team members with an emphasis on the orthodontic aspects of treatment planning and the orthodontic treatment components of the autotransplantation pathway. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontists have a key role in the autotransplantation team for both planning and provision of care. This article provides information for clinicians who wish to refer patients for autotransplantation or provide orthodontic care as part of the interdisciplinary team.
What Is a Giant Field?
Authors: Carmalt S. W. , Moscariello Andrea 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Study of giant oil and gas fields is useful not only to understand oil and gas habitat but also because statistical analysis of these data sheds light on future energy supplies. In such statistical studies, the definitions of both “giant” and “field” are important. The development of giant accumulations that are not fields increases the resource supply but can simultaneously decrease the accuracy of resource estimates and production forecasts unless care is taken with definitional issues.
La gestación por sustitución y las mujeres gestantes: aspectos jurídicos y éticos
Authors: Abasolo Barandika Itxasne 
Published: July 2019

La gestación por sustitución es un método de reproducción muy controvertido y cada vez tiene más presencia en nuestra sociedad, aunque únicamente es visible su cara más amable. Sin embargo oculta que para llevarse a cabo, hay que alquilar el vientre de mujeres con el fin de tener una niña o niño, pagando sumas desproporcionadas para ello. En España, los contratos de gestación por sustitución son nulos de pleno derecho, pero la realidad social y judicial está provocando que se cuestione si es necesaria una regulación de la gestación por sustitución. El Tribunal Supremo está dictando sentencias que están provocando efectos jurídicos de estos contratos, legalizando de facto la gestación por sustitución. La mujer gestante en este proceso solo es tratada como un medio para conseguir tener niñas y niños, y no tienen ninguna visibilidad ni capacidad de decisión durante todo el proceso de la gestación, pasa de ser una persona a ser tratada como un objeto.
A NEW SPECIES OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA, AND AN AUGMENTED DESCRIPTION OF BEGONIA BONTHAINENSIS
Authors: Ardi Wisnu Handoyo , Thomas Daniel C. 
Published: July 2019

ARDI, W. H . & THOMAS, D. C. 2018. A new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and an augmented description of Begonia bonthainensis. Reinwardtia 18(1): 19−26. — Based on collections from South Sulawesi, Indonesia, an amended description of B. bonthainensis Hemsl. is provided, B. grandipetala Irmsch is placed in synonymy of B. bonthainensis, and the new species Begonia mattampensis Ardi & D.C.Thomas is described and illustrated. Provisional conservation assessments indicate an Endangered (EN) status for B. bonthainensis, an endemic of Mt. Lompobatang and several adjacent mountains at the tip of the Southwestern arm of Sulawesi, and a Critically Endangered (CR) status for Begonia mattampensis, a limestone endemic only known from the Pangkadjene Karst.
Apresentação do Volume 11 Número 21 da Revista Brasileira de História & Ciências Sociais
Authors: Freitas Denize Terezinha Leal , Rückert Fabiano Quadros , Cardozo José Carlos da Silva , Silva Jonathan Fachini da , Cesar Tiago da Silva 
Published: July 2019

Apresentação do Volume 11 Número 21 da Revista Brasileira de História & Ciências Sociais Nesse ano de 2019 a Revista Brasileira de História & Ciências Sociais – RBHCS – comemora sua primeira década de existência. A RBHCS surgiu como uma aposta de pesquisadores e pesquisadoras interessados em assuntos transversais entre a História e os diversos seguimentos das Ciências Sociais. A proposta era que cada qual, dentro das especificidades de suas áreas, pudessem trazer elementos importantes para contribuição de determinados temas em comum. Idealizada dessa linha editorial a RBHCS hoje, lançando sua 21ª edição, tornou-se uma realidade concreta. Ao longo desses anos foram mais de 200 publicações entre artigos, resenhas, traduções e transcrições abrangendo áreas para além da História e das Ciências Sociais, Políticas, Jurídicas, Educação, Psicologia e Serviço Social.E para brindar essa trajetória de muito esforço por parte de seus editores, a RBHCS em sua nova edição apresenta o dossiê “Pena de morte e penalidade carcerária no mundo Ibero-Americano (séculos XVI-XX)”, organizado pelo Prof. Dr. Tiago da Silva Cesar da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (Brasil) e pelo Prof. Dr. Pedro Oliver Olmo da Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Espanha). Trata-se de um tema pertinente e sensível ao nosso presente, uma contribuição de extrema importância para diversas frentes de pesquisas nessa área. Além do dossiê destacado, a atual edição apresenta também a sessão de temática livre com sete artigos. Frente a essa diversidade, a presente edição atinge a meta de nosso escopo editorial, mantendo-se um periódico multidisciplinar, que busca fomentar o diálogo às diversas áreas do conhecimento com base na teoria social. A todos e todas desejamos uma boa leitura! Inverno de 2019Editores da RBHCSProfa. Denize Terezinha Leal Freitas (UNIPAMPA/SEDUC)Prof. Fabiano Quadros Rückert (UFMS)Prof. José Carlos da Silva Cardozo (FURG)Prof. Jonathan Fachini da Silva (UFPEL/SMEC)Prof. Tiago da Silva Cesar (UNICAP)