bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting non-native speaker student writers making the transition from school to an English-medium university
Authors: Morrison Bruce , Evans Stephen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In an increasingly globalised world, English-medium tertiary education has become increasingly prominent and sought after. However, non-native speaker (NNS) school-leavers entering an English-medium university, whether as NNS local students or as international students, not only encounter those challenges faced by all freshmen students, but often also soon realise that there is a gap between the English language skills with which their school education had equipped them and those needed for effective English-medium tertiary study. Their lack of competence in academic writing presents perhaps the greatest challenge. This paper will examine data relating to NNS students’ experience as freshmen writers. These data are derived from a longitudinal study aiming to understand the language-related challenges faced by first and second year NNS students in an English-medium higher education institution in Hong Kong. The paper concludes by proposing two collaborative initiatives whereby English language teachers work with content subject teachers with the aim of providing language enhancement support that is relevant to the student’s programme of study and integrated into their content studies. With a global increase in the number of NNS students studying in English-medium universities (Murray 2016, Standards of English in higher education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), the challenges and possible ways of addressing these that are discussed in this paper are potentially directly relevant to universities in whichever country they operate.
The Role of Mineral Phases in the Biogas Production Technology
Authors: Geršl Milan , Kanduč Tjaša , Matýsek Dalibor , Šotnar Martin , Mareček Jan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the field of electric power industry, renewable energy sources, fertilisers, reclamation, and waste management, biomass is widely studied and used. Minerals are present in every step of biogas transformation, but their forms, occurrence, and composition have not been studied yet. However, there is no comprehensive study research that would address the presence of mineral phases in the process of biogas production. This aim of the study is determination of the amount and composition of the mineral phases present in fermentation residues resulting from different production technologies. Digestate mineral composition was analysed using 46 samples from agricultural biogas plants and university testing biogas reactor. The majority of samples contained the amorphous phase. Minority phases consisted of quartz, albite, orthoclase, muscovite, and amphibole. Opal-CT was found in eleven samples (1.26 to 12.1% wt.). The elements present in gas-liquid fluids or in liquids, gases and aerosols within the biogas technology system may create mineral phases, namely the amorphous phase or the crystalline phase under certain conditions. Opal-CT may enter the fermenter as part of plant tissues referred to as phytoliths, or as an unwanted admixture of different origin. It may also originate from the present amorphous SiO2.
New Methods of Natural Gas Adjusting for Technological Purposes Based on Modern Filtration Materials
Authors: Jackiewicz-Zagórska Anna , Szwast Maciej , Gac Jakub , Werner Łukasz , Zalewski Michał , Jakubiak Szymon 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Reservoir gas treatment technologies currently in use require significant investments in equipment and materials. Considering the foregoing, new technologies are sought for treatment and separation of components of extracted gas. They will guarantee compliance with gas quality requirements arising from applicable standards while at the same time lowering the costs of investment, service and environmental protection. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop an efficient mobile technology for natural gas treatment, on the basis of advanced filtering and coalescing materials and membranes, which eliminate the existing, economically non-viable processes and reduce the costs related to development of new reservoirs. The purpose of designed materials was removal of solid particles, water, higher hydrocarbons and nitrogen from natural gas. Presented integrated filtration and membrane system, characterized by a highly compact design enabling installation in container stations and transporting the system between specific points of production.
Computer Simulation of Chemical Coagulation and Sedimentation of Suspended Solids
Authors: Wardzyńska Regina , Smoczyński Lech , Załęska-Chróst Beata 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The computer program ZB2 was used to study simulated coagulation rate for the system containing spherical sol particles and spherical coagulant particles. The system performance was verified to the particle-cluster model of a fast and perikinetic coagulation process that fulfils Smoluchowski and/or Muller equations. The rate of the coagulation process satisfied both the kinetic equation of a first-order reaction and a second-order reaction. However, chosen concepts and models in the theory of bidispersive sol coagulation have been negatively verified. Also, attempts have been made to modify the Muller integral equation for selected boundary conditions.
Validation of Microsatellite Markers of Pl Resistance Genes to Downy Mildew of Sunflower
Authors: Solodenko A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSimple sequence repeats (SSR) polymorphism of 34 microsatellite loci (LG1, 8 and 13) was studied in lines carrying the downy mildew resistance genes Pl and lines with no Pl. The microsatellite loci ORS328 and ORS781 were selected as markers for genes Pl6 and Pl8 in lines HA 335 and QHP-1, respectively. Markers were identified for gene PlARG in RHA 419 and some accessions of H. argophyllus. The SSR markers ORS509, ORS605, ORS610, ORS1182 and ORS1039 were proven to reliably identify the parental line carrying PlARG gene, control and select the heterozygous F1 hybrids and identify homozygous genotypes in F2 generations. Obtained results indicate the necessity of validation of the markers in various germplasm pools and breeding collections. The SSR markers that are tightly linked to Pl6, Pl8, PlARG would be useful in the sunflower breeding. PlARG homozygous F2 segregants, developed and identified with marker assisted selection in this study, are recommended for further breeding as a new source of genetically determined resistance to downy mildew.
A matrix-resistant HPTLC method to quantify monosaccharides in wood-based lignocellulose biorefinery streams
Authors: Oberlerchner Josua Timotheus , Böhmdorfer Stefan , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A new and robust high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for carbohydrate analysis in biorefinery streams. The samples can be applied directly from industrial streams without any purification or pretreatment, saving time and resources and avoiding potential alterations to the samples’ composition. The main neutral monosaccharides found in wood-based lignocellulosic biomass – glucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose and galactose – can be separated and quantified using acetonitrile:1-pentanol:water (4:1:1, v/v/v) on silica impregnated with a phosphate buffer. Common minor compounds – glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, cellobiose and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) – can also be detected qualitatively. Matrix compounds, which are a major part of biomass, do not interfere with the analysis. Validation showed that the method is selective, has good repeatability and has limits of detection and quantification in the nanogram range. The visual fingerprint offers information on the samples’ constituents in the case of unknown samples. Also, incomplete hydrolysis is indicated by the visibility of oligosaccharides.
The Creative Industry and South African Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Ncube Caroline B. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper seeks to provide a more nuanced view of the creative industry that goes beyond assertions of its contribution to economic growth, which, it is then further argued, requires stringent copyright protection to ensure development. It argues that a critical first step is to optimize an existing copyright framework by addressing its inherent entrepreneurial challenges to better enable authors to garner economic returns. These challenges are identified before the paper delineates the creative industries in South Africa and related policies. It then turns to the ongoing copyright policy formulation process before setting out current and proposed copyright legislative provisions. The paper contends that essential aspects regarding both the creative and commercial aspects must be tackled first. At the creative stage, authors’ inability to use a large range of source works because of the fear of copyright infringement claims can be addressed by elaborating exceptions and limitations. On the commercial front, entrepreneurial capacity building for authors and curbing unfair author, publisher and intermediary contracts is vital. The use of statutory devices such as the reversionary interest, to recover lost or diminished opportunities to obtain direct financial gain from copyright work, could also be considered. Enhancing the viability of collecting societies and ensuring that royalties are paid to authors would also be a critical intervention.
Language as an Instrument for Dispute Resolution in Modern Justice
Authors: Drabarz Anna K. , Kałużny Tomasz , Terrett Stephen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The frustration in Polish society arising from excessive costs of conducting court proceedings and lengthy delays for dispute resolution has resulted in a genuine limitation in access to judicial justice for citizens. This paper argues that the answer to the dilemma between ensuring both justice and efficiency lies in language being a tool for the active participation of the parties in building mutual trust and shaping solutions in conflictual circumstances. How should the postulate of effective communication leading to dispute resolution in modern justice be achieved? The authors present the advantages of oral communication in proceedings on the way to finding agreement, pointing out the content and quality of language that make dispute resolution possible.
Polish “Entrepreneur” and EU “Undertaking”: Multilingualism and Differences in Legal Identification
Authors: Etel Maciej 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The European Union and its member-states’ involvement in the economic sphere, manifesting itself in establishing the rules of entrepreneurs’ functioning – their responsibilities and entitlements – requires a precise determination of the addressees of these standards. Proper identification of an entrepreneur is a condition of proper legislation, interpretation, application, control and execution of the law. In this context it is surprising that understanding the term entrepreneur in Polish law and in EU law is not the same, and divergences and differences in identification are fundamental. This fact formed the objective of this article. It is aimed at pointing at key differences in the identification of an entrepreneur between Polish and EU law, explaining the reasons for different concepts, and also the answer to the question: May Poland, as an EU member-state, identify the entrepreneur in a different way than the EU?
A Logical Conceptualization of Knowledge on the Notion of Language Communication
Authors: Wybraniec-Skardowska Urszula 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The main objective of the paper is to provide a conceptual apparatus of a general logical theory of language communication. The aim of the paper is to outline a formal-logical theory of language in which the concepts of the phenomenon of language communication and language communication in general are defined and some conditions for their adequacy are formulated. The theory explicates the key notions of contemporary syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. The theory is formalized on two levels: token-level and type-level. As such, it takes into account the dual – token and type – ontological character of linguistic entities. The basic notions of the theory: language communication, meaning and interpretation are introduced on the second, type-level of formalization, and their required prior formalization of some of the notions introduced on the first, token-level; among others, the notion of an act of communication. Owing to the theory, it is possible to address the problems of adequacy of both empirical acts of communication and of language communication in general. All the conditions of adequacy of communication discussed in the presented paper, are valid for one-way communication (sender-recipient); nevertheless, they can also apply to the reverse direction of language communication (recipient-sender). Therefore, they concern the problem of two-way understanding in language communication.
Examining the Effects of an Otago-Based Home Exercise Program on Falls and Fall Risks in an Assisted Living Facility
Authors: Beato Morris , Dawson Nicole , Svien Lana , Wharton Tracy 
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose:
The Otago exercise program is a strengthening, balance, and walking program designed to decrease falls among community-dwelling older adults. Few studies have examined the effects of the Otago program in an assisted living environment. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of an Otago-based home exercise program in decreasing falls and the risk of falls among older adults living in an assisted living facility.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 30 individuals residing at either of 2 assisted living facilities in central Florida was undertaken. Participants had a mean age of 87 years, were at risk for falls as determined by the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), and were provided with an Otago-based intervention by home health physical therapy. The outcome measures were the number of falls in the previous year, the number of falls in the year following the intervention, and Tinetti POMA scores pre- and post-intervention.

Results and Discussion:
The mean (SD) number of falls significantly decreased from 1.4 (0.9) to 0.5 (0.7) fall per person per year after home health physical therapy with the tailored Otago based-exercise intervention. The intervention resulted in a statistically significant improvement in Tinetti POMA scores from 11.8 (2.5) to 17.6 (3.8).

Conclusions:
An Otago-based strengthening, balance, and walking home exercise program can potentially be used to decrease the number of falls and the risk of falling among older adults residing in an assisted living facility.
Canonical TGF-β Signaling Negatively Regulates Neuronal Morphogenesis through TGIF/Smad Complex-Mediated CRMP2 Suppression
Authors: Nakashima Hideyuki , Tsujimura Keita , Irie Koichiro , Ishizu Masataka , Pan Miao , Kameda Tomonori , Nakashima Kinichi 
Published: April 2018

Functional neuronal connectivity requires proper neuronal morphogenesis and its dysregulation causes neurodevelopmental diseases. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family cytokines play pivotal roles in development, but little is known about their contribution to morphological development of neurons. Here we show that the Smad-dependent canonical signaling of TGF-β family cytokines negatively regulates neuronal morphogenesis during brain development. Mechanistically, activated Smads form a complex with transcriptional repressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF), and downregulate the expression of a neuronal polarity regulator, collapsin response mediator protein 2. We also demonstrate that TGF-β family signaling inhibits neurite elongation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Furthermore, the expression of TGF-β receptor 1, Smad4, or TGIF, which have mutations found in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, disrupted neuronal morphogenesis in both mouse (male and female) and human (female) neurons. Together, these findings suggest that the regulation of neuronal morphogenesis by an evolutionarily conserved function of TGF-β signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCanonical transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a crucial role in multiple organ development, including brain, and mutations in components of the signaling pathway associated with several human developmental disorders. In this study, we found that Smads/TG-interacting factor-dependent canonical TGF-β signaling regulates neuronal morphogenesis through the suppression of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) expression during brain development, and that function of this signaling is evolutionarily conserved in the mammalian brain. Mutations in canonical TGF-β signaling factors identified in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders disrupt the morphological development of neurons. Thus, our results suggest that proper control of TGF-β/Smads/CRMP2 signaling pathways is critical for the precise execution of neuronal morphogenesis, whose impairment eventually results in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Multiple Arginine Residues Are Methylated in Drosophila Mre11 and Required for Survival Following Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Yuan Qing , Tian Ran , Zhao Haiying , Li Lijuan , Bi Xiaolin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Mre11 is a key player for DNA double strand break repair. Previous studies have shown that mammalian Mre11 is methylated at multiple arginines in its C-terminal Glycine-Arginine-Rich motif (GAR) by protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT1. Here, we found that the Drosophila Mre11 is methylated at arginines 559, 563, 565, and 569 in the GAR motif by DART1, the Drosophila homolog of PRMT1. Mre11 interacts with DART1 in S2 cells, and this interaction does not require the GAR motif. Arginines methylated Mre11 localizes exclusively in the nucleus as soluble nuclear protein or chromatin-binding protein. To study the in vivo functions of methylation, we generated the single Arg-Ala and all Arginines mutated flies. We found these mutants were sensitive to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, Arg-Ala mutated flies had no irradiation induced G2/M checkpoint defect in wing disc and eye disc. Thus, we provided evidence that arginines in Drosophila Mre11 are methylated by DART1 methytransferase and flies loss of arginine methylation are sensitive to irradiation.
Two new species of plant parasitic nematodes Hirschmanniella bananae n.sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) and Scutellonema tanlamense n.sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) associated with banana in Vienam
Authors: Chau Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: April 2018

During investigation on the plant parasitic nematodes on bananas in North and Central provinces of Vietnam carried out in 1995 two new species were found, Hirschmanniella bananae n.sp. and Scutellonema tanlamese n.sp. Hirschmanniella bananae n.sp. is characterized by having 6 annuli in lip region, areolation of entire lateral field and presence of a mid-terminal mucro at the tail end. The new species is close to H. shamini Ahmad, 1972 but differs from H. shamini by longer body length in females (1450-1750 µm vs 1190-1360 mm), longer stylet longer (18-20.5 mm vs 16-19 mm) and longer spicule longer (28-29.5 mm vs 22-25 mm). Scutellonema tanlamese n.sp. is characterized by lip region with three annuli and numerous longitudinal ridges (18) in basal annulus and structure of lateral field at the tail region with inner lines extending to tail terminus. The new species is closest to S. brachyurus type B (African populations) described by Van Den Berg et al. in 2013 but can be distinguished by body length shorter (643-708 µm vs 777-820 µm), stylet length shorter ((24.5-26.5 µm vs 28-29.5 mm, and also by structure of lateral field with two inner lines going throught at tail region and vulval edge distinct with epiptygma appearing double and folded into vagina. Citation: Nguyen Ngoc Chau, 2017. Two new species of plant parasitic nematodes Hirschmanniella bananae n.sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) and Scutellonema tanlamense n.sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) associated with banana in Vienam. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 253-263. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.10665. *Corresponding author: nguyengochau.iebr@gmail.com Received 19 August 2017, accepted 12 September 2017
A proteomic analyses to assess the effects of chronic exposure of bisphenol a to adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Mai Ngo Thi , Lan Chi Do Hong , Nga Le Phi 
Published: April 2018

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound found in the environment as well as in the plastic food containers for human use. Most impact of this compound to animals is acute toxicity to the liver of young individuals, but little is known about chronic toxicity to the adult liver. Here we report that, when adult zebrafish were exposed to various concentration of bisphenol A for 60 days, we have the number of liver protein spots in 2D-PAGE gels was reduced to 15-25%. Protein identification by HPLC-ESI (electron spray ionization) revealed that sixteen 2D-PAGE spots were remarkably altered and majority of them are related to metabolic energy system; e.g., liver basic L-lactate dehydrogenase B-B chain, ATP synthase subunit beta, and intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins. Besides, heat shock protein 60kDa 1 (HSPD1), which is known to associate with inflammation, was over-expressed in fish liver after exposure to 100 µg/l BPA, but not at lower concentrations of BPA. Thus, chronic exposure to environmental BPA may cause liver dysfunctions. Sixteen hepatic proteins identified in this study would be potential biomarkers for chronic BPA toxicity. Citation: Ngo Thi Mai, Do Hong Lan Chi, Le Phi Nga, 2017. A proteomic analyses to assess the effects of chronic exposure of bisphenol a to adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 333-341. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.98995. *Corresponding author: lephinga1@hotmail.com, lephinga@hcmut.edu.vn Received 12 December 2016, accepted 20 August 2017
Optimization of fermentation conditions for squalene production by heterotrophic marine microalgae Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6
Authors: Ha Nguyen Cam , Minh Hien Hoang Thi , Thom Le Thi , Huong Quynh Hoang Thi , Hong Dang Diem 
Published: April 2018

Squalene is currently known as chemopreventive agents in reducing the incident of coronary heart disease and cancer. It is also a strong antioxidant used extensively in the food and cosmetic industries. Microbial sources of squalene are being explored in recent years. The objective of this study was to investigate fermentation conditions of Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6 for high squalene production in 30L bioreactor. Squalene production was influenced by various nutritional factors such as glucose, nitrogen, vitamins etc. and physical factors such as batch and fed-batch fermentation. Our study established that fed-batch fermentation with nitrogen source of 1.2% yeast extract and 6.4% monosodium glutamate and 0.4% mixture of vitamin B1, 6 and 12 as optimal culture condition for maximal production of squalene by S. mangrovei PQ6. In fed-batch culture, the glucose concentration feeding was added up to 22% into the culture at 36 h of fermentation. The maximum squalene production was achieved 6.9 ± 0.1 g/L at 48 h of fed-batch fermentation, respectively. The values were 2-3 times more than that in fed-batch cultivation without adding mixture of vitamins and 4-6 times more than that in batch cultivation. Our obtained results are a breakthrough for the development of alternative squalene source from heterotrophic marine microalgae of Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6 species for health-promoting functional foods. Citation: Nguyen Cam Ha, Hoang Thi Minh Hien, Le Thi Thom, Hoang Thi Huong Quynh, Dang Diem Hong, 2017. Optimization of fermentation conditions for squalene production by heterotrophic marine microalgae Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 349-358. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.9130. *Corresponding author: hoangminhhien@yahoo.com; ddhong60vn@yahoo.com Received 6 January 2017, accepted 20 August 2017