bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaboration of MYC and RUNX2 in lymphoma simulates T‐cell receptor signaling and attenuates p53 pathway activity
Authors: Hay Jodie , Gilroy Kathryn , Huser Camille , Kilbey Anna , Mcdonald Alma , MacCallum Amanda , Holroyd Ailsa , Cameron Ewan , Neil James C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMYC and RUNX oncogenes each trigger p53‐mediated failsafe responses when overexpressed in vitro and collaborate with p53 deficiency in vivo. However, together they drive rapid onset lymphoma without mutational loss of p53. This phenomenon was investigated further by transcriptomic analysis of premalignant thymus from RUNX2/MYC transgenic mice. The distinctive contributions of MYC and RUNX to transcriptional control were illustrated by differential enrichment of canonical binding sites and gene ontology analyses. Pathway analysis revealed signatures of MYC, CD3, and CD28 regulation indicative of activation and proliferation, but also strong inhibition of cell death pathways. In silico analysis of discordantly expressed genes revealed Tnfsrf8/CD30, Cish, and Il13 among relevant targets for sustained proliferation and survival. Although TP53 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated, its downstream targets in growth suppression and apoptosis were largely unperturbed. Analysis of genes encoding p53 posttranslational modifiers showed significant upregulation of three genes, Smyd2, Set, and Prmt5. Overexpression of SMYD2 was validated in vivo but the functional analysis was constrained by in vitro loss of p53 in RUNX2/MYC lymphoma cell lines. However, an early role is suggested by the ability of SMYD2 to block senescence‐like growth arrest induced by RUNX overexpression in primary fibroblasts.
Transient induction of Cdk9 in the early stage of differentiation is critical for myogenesis
Authors: Tarhriz Vahideh , Eyvazi Shirin , Musavi Maryam , Abasi Mozhgan , Sharifi Kazem , Ghanbarian Hossein , Hejazi Mohammad Saeid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCdk9 is a serine‐threonine protein kinase that has been recognized as a regulator of cardiac differentiation. Recently, we have reported that transient induction of Cdk9 using noncoding RNA targeting Cdk9 sequences results in efficient cardiac differentiation. Concerning Cdk9 regulatory roles, here, we proposed whether constant overexpression of Cdk9 might influence the differentiation of myoblast C2C12 cells into myotubes. We overexpressed Cdk9 in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells to investigate its regulatory roles on myogenic differentiation. Upon Cdk9 overexpression, the expression level of myogenic regulatory factors was determined. Moreover, the expression profile of three important myomiRs consist of miR 1, 133 and 206 was examined during the differentiation process. Although Cdk9 expression is necessary for inducing differentiation in the early stage of myogenesis, continuous Cdk9 expression inhibits differentiation by modulating myomiRs and myogenic gene expression. Our results indicate that the transient induction of Cdk9 in the early stage of differentiation is critical for myogenesis.
Pharmacokinetics of Risankizumab in Asian Healthy Subjects and Patients With Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis, Generalized Pustular Psoriasis, and Erythrodermic Psoriasis
Authors: Khatri Amit , Eckert Doerthe , Oberoi Rajneet , Suleiman Ahmed , Pang Yinuo , Cheng Ling , Othman Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRisankizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin‐23 p19 subunit, was developed for the treatment of psoriasis. This work characterizes risankizumab pharmacokinetics in Japanese and Chinese healthy subjects compared with white healthy subjects and in Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, generalized pustular psoriasis, or erythrodermic psoriasis. A phase 1, single‐dose study evaluated risankizumab pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability in healthy white (18 and 300 mg subcutaneous [SC]), Japanese (18, 90, and 300 mg SC and 200, 600, and 1200 mg intravenous [IV]), and Chinese (18, 90, and 300 mg SC) subjects; pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using noncompartmental methods. Risankizumab pharmacokinetic data from phase 2/3 studies in Japanese patients with plaque psoriasis, generalized pustular psoriasis, or erythrodermic psoriasis following multiple SC doses of 75 mg or 150 mg were analyzed using a population pharmacokinetic approach along with data from the phase 1 and global phase 1 to 3 studies. Risankizumab plasma exposures (peak plasma concentration and area under the concentration‐time curve) were approximately dose‐proportional across 18‐ to 300‐mg SC or 200‐ to 1200‐mg IV doses. Risankizumab terminal elimination half‐life (harmonic mean 27–34 days) was comparable across doses and ethnicities. Risankizumab exposures were approximately 20% to 30% higher in Japanese and Chinese healthy subjects compared with white healthy subjects or in Japanese patients compared with non‐Japanese patients. After accounting for body‐weight differences, risankizumab exposures were comparable across ethnicities. Overall, there was no ethnic impact on risankizumab pharmacokinetics, and the small difference in exposure due to body weight has no clinical relevance.
On the method of revealing enamel structure by acid etching. Aspects of optimization and interpretation
Authors: Risnes Steinar , Li Chunfang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study aimed at finding an optimal combination of acid concentration and etching time when nitric acid is used as etchant for the study of the finer details of human dental enamel structure. Four hundred 2–3‐mm‐thick segments of facio‐lingually sectioned human third molar crowns were assigned to 20 groups with 20 specimens in each group, each group differing with respect to acid concentration (0.1, 1, 2.5, and 5%) and etching time (15, 30, 45, 90, and 180 s). After etching and preparation, specimens were observed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Surface roughness/topography increased with increasing acid concentration and increasing etching time, but not in a linear fashion; generally, prisms tended to go from flat‐surfaced to cone‐shaped and prism sheaths from fissure‐like to wedge‐shaped. Intragroup variations and intergroup similarities were considerable. The two major enamel factors determining the etch effect are crystal orientation and prism sheath properties. Other factors, such as distribution of porosities and crystal quality, also contribute probably. Slight to moderate topography is best for observing the finer enamel structure, for example, etching with concentrations in the range 0.1–1% and with etching times in the range 15–90 s, the stronger the acid, the shorter the time. The depth effect of nitric acid is judged to be relatively small. Considerable variations in expression of prism cross‐striations were observed. SEM observations of acid‐etched enamel in carefully selected planes are a powerful method for the study of enamel structure, bearing in mind the artifactual aspects of the observed surface.
Plasma FGF‐21 and GDF‐15 are elevated in different inherited metabolic diseases and are not diagnostic for mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Tsygankova Polina G. , Itkis Yulia S. , Krylova Tatiana D. , Kurkina Marina V. , Bychkov Igor O. , Ilyushkina Aleksandra A. , Zabnenkova Viktoria V. , Mikhaylova Svetlana V. , Pechatnikova Natalia L. , Sheremet Natalia L. , Zakharova Ekaterina Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, the plasma cytokines FGF‐21 and GDF‐15 were described as cellular metabolic regulators. They share an endocrine function and are highly expressed in the liver under stress and during starvation. Several studies found that these markers have high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases, especially those with prominent muscular involvement. In our study, we aimed to determine whether these markers could help distinguish mitochondrial diseases from other groups of inherited diseases. We measured plasma FGF‐21 and GDF‐15 concentrations in 122 patients with genetically confirmed primary mitochondrial disease and 127 patients with non‐mitochondrial inherited diseases. Although GDF‐15 showed better analytical characteristics (sensitivity = 0.66, specificity = 0.64, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88) compared to FGF‐21 (sensitivity = 0.51, specificity = 0.76, AUC = 0.78) in the pediatric group of mitochondrial diseases, both markers were also elevated in a variety of non‐mitochondrial diseases, especially those with liver involvement (Gaucher disease, galactosemia, glycogenosis types 1a, 1b, 9), organic acidurias and some leukodystrophies. Thus, the overall positive and negative predictive values were not acceptable for these measurements to be used as diagnostic tests for mitochondrial diseases (FGF‐21 positive predictive value [PPV] = 34%, negative predictive value [NPV] = 73%; GDF‐15 PPV = 47%, NPV = 28%). We suggest that FGF‐21 and GDF‐15 increase in patients with metabolic diseases with metabolic or oxidative stress and inflammation.
Construction of homogeneous climatic regions by combining cluster analysis and L‐moment approach on the basis of Reconnaissance Drought Index for Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Hamd , Akbar Muhammad , Khan Firdos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDrought is a natural hazard which has slow onset and assessment of its vulnerability is important for water resources management and sustainable development particularly in the most vulnerable areas to climate change and its worse impacts. Pakistan is facing acute water scarcity and regionalization of drought is a pre‐planning strategy for coping the severe condition of water management in the country. This study is conducted to identify homogenous climatic regions (HCRs) with respect to drought condition based on Reconnaissance Drought Index using climate data of 55 metrological stations across Pakistan. For this purpose two statistical methods, cluster analysis and L‐moments technique were used. First, cluster analysis was performed using site characteristics of the stations which identified five homogenous groups. Second, two statistical measures that is, discordancy measures and heterogeneity measure were implied after some regional adjustments, to satisfy the homogeneity of the homogenous groups developed in step one based on at‐site statistics of the stations using L‐moments technique. These statistical measures established validity of five homogeneous climatic regions for Pakistan. Third, to assess these HCRs several results using site characteristics and climate data of the stations were calculated which show that elevation has key role in the rainfall pattern and aridity of the regions. According to the results, there is high variability among these regions with respect to water recourses. First two regions consists most elevated areas with enough rainfall and glacier. Regions (3) and (4) include most vulnerable and drought‐prone areas of Sindh and Baluchistan provinces while Region (5) has enough rainfall in monsoon season. This study findings will help in adaptation, mitigation and future's planning regarding climate, water resources management, monitoring droughts and its projections etc. in different areas and fill the gaps in existing literature in Pakistan.
Ketalization of 2‐heptanone to prolong its activity as mite repellant for the protection of honey bees
Authors: Borries Frederic A , Kudla Amber M , Kim Seohyun , Allston Thomas D , Eddingsaas Nathan C , Shey Justin , Orts William J , Klamczynski Artur P , Glenn Gregory M , Miri Massoud J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUND2‐Heptanone is a volatile liquid known to be effective in protecting honey bees from parasitic mite infestations in hives. The present study aimed to show that chemical derivatives of 2‐heptanone would release the ketone for a significantly longer time than it takes for the pure ketone to evaporate and preferably for as long as two brood cycles of a honey bee (42 days).RESULTSA liquid ketal of 2‐heptanone with glycerol (Glyc‐Ket) and solid ketals of the ketone with polyvinyl alcohol (PVAl‐Ket), containing different amounts of the ketone, were synthesized. The fully resolved 1H and 13C nuclear magenetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the ketals are discussed. In the case of the polymer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of a ketal was also compared with the unketalized polyvinyl alcohol. The length of time for which 2‐heptanone was released by the ketals was determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry of the headspace. In the case of Glyc‐Ket, the concentration of the 2‐heptanone in the liquid phase was also monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The deketalization was pH dependent, ranging between 2.0 and 2.5 for Glyc‐Ket and between 2.0 and 3.5 for PVAl‐Ket.CONCLUSIONUnder bee hive conditions, the release of 55 mmol 2‐heptanone from Glyc‐Ket lasted for 42 days, whereas the release of the ketone from the PVAl‐Ket with a similar amount of the ketone lasted for 23 days, versus a maximum of 17 days for an equivalent amount of the pure ketone. These ketals therefore have the potential to be effective mite repellants for the protection of honey bees. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron in biofortified germinated cowpea
Authors: Sant' Ana Cíntia Tomaz , Antunes Paula Tavares , Reis Tuane Carrari dos , Váz‐Tostes Maria das Graças , Meira Eduardo Frizzera , Costa Neuza Maria Brunoro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walph) is predominantly consumed in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, and its biofortification with iron seeks to reduce the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in these regions. It is commonly eaten cooked; however, in the germinated form, it can improve nutritional quality by reducing the antinutritional factors and consequently improving the bioavailability of elements. The present study aimed to determine the physico‐chemical characteristics, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron in biofortified germinated cowpea.RESULTSThere was no statistical difference between the germinated and cooked beans with regard to centesimal composition. Germinated beans had phytates and tannins similar to cooked beans. The phytate‐iron molar ratio for all groups did not present a statistical difference (cooking 3.58 and 3.41; germinated 3.94 and 3.51), nor did the parameters evaluating in vivo iron bioavailability. Total phenolics was higher in the germinated group (cooking 0.56 and 0.64; Germinated 2.05 and 2.45 mg gallic acid kg−1). In vitro bioaccessibility of iron of germinated beans presented higher values (P ≤ 0.05) compared to cooked beans. There was higher expression of divalent metal transporter‐1 in biofortified and germinated beans.CONCLUSIONThe iron bioavailability from the biofortified and germinated beans was comparable to ferrous sulfate. Germination can be considered as an alternative and efficient method for consuming cowpea, presenting good iron bioaccessibility and bioavailability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of ethanol treatment on the quality and volatiles production of blueberries after harvest
Authors: Ji Yaru , Hu Wenzhong , Jiang Aili , Xiu Zhilong , Liao Jia , Yang Xiaozhe , Guan Yuge , Saren Gaowa , Feng Ke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlueberries are appreciated by consumers for their rich natural antioxidants and their good nutritional and health functions. However, blueberries are very perishable due to microbial infection and metabolic aging after harvest. Ethanol has been shown to have the effect of controlling postharvest microorganisms and improving storage quality of fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to clarify the effects of ethanol on the appearance quality and flavor attributes of postharvest blueberries. Blueberries were treated with ethanol (250, 500, and 1000 μL L−1) and stored at 0 ± 0.5 °C, 90% relative humidity (RH), for 40 days.RESULTSThe results indicated that ethanol treatment could slow the decline of blueberry firmness and reduce the decay rate significantly in a dose‐dependent manner. The soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) of ethanol‐treated blueberries increased significantly (P < 0.05), improving the taste of the blueberries. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) were stimulated with the accumulation of ethanol in blueberries, which catalyzed the conversion of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and pyruvate, increasing their levels in blueberries. More volatiles, especially esters, were detected in ethanol‐treated blueberries, e.g. methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl 2‐methylbutanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl 3‐methyl‐2‐butenoate, diethyl sebacate, and isopropyl myristate.CONCLUSIONThe preservative effect of ethanol on blueberry was significantly affected by ethanol concentration. In this study, the effect of 500 μL L−1 ethanol fumigation on blueberry was the best in terms of appearance quality (firmness and decay rate) and flavor attributes (SSC, TA, and volatiles). © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Earlier recovery of lingual dysfunction after middle ear surgery in pediatric versus adult patients
Authors: Nishii Tomoko , Nin Tomomi , Maeda Emi , Fukunaga Akiko , Mishiro Yasuo , Sakagami Masafumi 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesIt is generally thought that the recovery of damaged chorda tympani nerve (CTN) function after middle ear surgery is different in pediatric patients from that in adult patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes and the progress of taste and somatosensory functions of the tongue after middle ear surgery in pediatric patients compared with those of adult patients.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsFifty‐nine pediatric patients and 106 adult patients underwent middle ear surgery. Taste and somatosensory functions of the anterior tongue, the so‐called CTN functions, were assessed using electrogustometry (EGM), a 2‐point discriminator, an electrostimulator, and a questionnaire before and 2 weeks and 6 months after surgery.ResultsTwo weeks after surgery, there was no significant difference in the incidence of dysgeusia and abnormal EGM thresholds between the patient groups. The incidence of tongue numbness was significantly lower in pediatric patients than in adult patients regardless of CTN manipulation. Although the lingual somatosensory thresholds of adult patients were significantly increased, those of pediatric patients were not increased. Six months after surgery, the incidences of dysgeusia and an abnormal EGM threshold were lower in pediatric patients than in adult patients. Tongue numbness disappeared, and the thresholds of lingual somatosensory tests returned to normal in most pediatric patients.ConclusionNot only taste function but also lingual somatosensory function was damaged after middle ear surgery even in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients complained of tongue numbness less frequently and showed earlier recovery than adult patients.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 130:1016–1022, 2020
Rainfall simulation experiments indicate that biochar addition enhances erosion of loess‐derived soils
Authors: Zhang Fengbao , Huang Chihua , Yang Mingyi , Zhang Jiaqiong , Shi Weiyu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiochar addition to soil has increasingly demonstrated the potential to improve soil and mitigate climate change. However, the effects of biochar additions for sloping cropland amendments and soil erosion remain unclear. In this study, experiments with simulated rainfall (25, 50, 75, and 100 mm hr‐1) were conducted on a soil box (0.45‐m length × 0.3‐m width) to assess the effects of different biochar addition rates (2%, 5%, and 8% [wt/wt]) and incubation time (i.e., 140 days) on runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibility. The soil and biochar were loess‐derived Miami soil and commercial charcoal made from seasoned oak and hickory hardwoods, respectively. Compared with the control soil, biochar addition decreased the total runoff by 2.4–10.8% (p > 0.05) and significantly increased the total soil loss and interrill erodibility (p < .05) by 20.8–50.8% and 20.4–29.2%, respectively. The changes in runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibility were ruleless with an increase in the rate of biochar addition from 2% to 8%. The differences in runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibility were nonsignificant among most biochar‐added treatments. After a 140‐day incubation period, total runoff and soil loss increased by 1.5–6.2% and 5.7–10.3%, respectively, and interrill erodibility increased for the 2% biochar addition and decreased for the 5% and 8% biochar additions. However, nonsignificant differences in runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibility were observed before and after incubation. Our results implied that biochar addition to soil could increase the risk of erosion on sloping croplands, and thus, one should exercise caution when amending soil with biochar on sloping croplands.
Camelina sativa Oil, Fatty Fish, and Lean Fish Do Not Markedly Affect Urinary Prostanoids in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Erkkilä Arja T. , Lee Jetty C.‐Y. , Lankinen Maria , Manninen Suvi , Leung Ho Hang , Oger Camille , de Mello Vanessa D. , Schwab Ursula S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDietary fatty acids are suggested to affect oxidative stress; however, results from interventions have been inconclusive. The aim was to examine if fatty fish, lean fish, and Camelina sativa oil (CSO) affect the urinary prostanoid levels in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism. Altogether 79 participants aged 43–72 years completed a randomized controlled study lasting 12 weeks. There were four parallel groups, fatty fish, lean fish (four fish meals/week in both), CSO providing 10 g/day alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA), and control diet with limited fish and ALA containing oil consumption. Urinary prostanoids (prostaglandin F2α, 5‐F2t‐isoprostanes and 15‐F2t‐isoprostane metabolites, isofuran, 8‐F3t‐isoprostanes, and 4‐(RS)‐4‐F4t‐neuroprostane) of 72 participants (age: mean (±SD) 58.9 ± 6.5 years; body mass index: 29.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2) collected over 12‐h were measured using liquid chromatography tandem‐mass spectrometry. Plasma phospholipid fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography. Our study showed that the proportion of ALA in plasma phospholipids increased in the CSO group (overall difference among the groups p‐value <0.001). In the fatty fish group, proportions of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids increased (overall p‐value <0.001 for both). Prostaglandin F2α was higher in the CSO group than in the control group (p < 0.05), however, there were no other significant changes in urinary excretion of other prostanoids among the study groups. At baseline, arachidonic acid in plasma phospholipids was positively (r = 0.247, p < 0.05) and ALA negatively (r = −0.326, p < 0.05) associated with urinary total isoprostanes. In conclusion, CSO, fatty fish, and lean fish consumption do not cause major changes in oxidative stress markers in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.