bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of 25 different natural crop protection products against Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Cahenzli F. , Strack T. , Daniel C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDrosophila suzukii is a major pest of soft‐skinned fruits, and insecticides are often used to prevent fruit damage caused by oviposition. As D. suzukii produces many generations per year, repeated insecticide applications are required. Furthermore, D. suzukii attacks ripening and ripe fruits shortly before harvest. Therefore, the use of synthetic insecticides is limited by long pre‐harvest intervals and maximum residue limits. To be able to offer producers immediate and sustainable solutions, we tested 25 natural crop protection products with three different application methods in a laboratory screening. We show that application method is an important factor for the efficacy of the tested products. Of six natural insecticides, only Spinosad was toxic for D. suzukii and reduced the oviposition on treated blueberries. The tested oil products had no control effect and products based on different entomopathogenic fungi and Bacillus thuringiensis rather enhanced oviposition. Mineral products (Kaolin, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 and clinoptilolith) applied as spray solutions were not toxic, but significantly reduced oviposition on blueberries. We provide the first study in which different application methods have been used to compare numerous, commercially available, natural crop protection products with different modes of action against adult D. suzukii. Our findings provide consultants and producers with important insights for the development of sustainable pest control strategies against D. suzukii.
Seasonal occurrence of amaranth Lepidopteran defoliators and effect of attractants and amaranth lines in their management
Authors: Othim S. T. O. , Kahuthia‐Gathu R. , Akutse K. S. , Foba C. N. , Fiaboe K. K. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLepidopteran defoliators are the most important pests of cultivated amaranths causing severe losses in cultivated fields worldwide. Leaf‐webbers, whose larvae fold, web or glue amaranth leaves using their silken webs as they feed and leaf‐worms which cause windowing but do not glue or fold leaves are mainly reported. Sustainable management strategies for these pests are still lacking given the adverse effects of synthetic pesticides. Field experiments were conducted during two seasons at two different sites in Central Kenya, to assess amaranth lepidopteran pests and their natural enemies’ population dynamics, evaluate the efficacy of phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) floral lure as attractant and the effects of three amaranth lines (Abuk1, Abuk2 and Abuk8) on the pests’ abundance and damage. Abundance of leaf‐webbers (p = .537), leaf‐worms (p = 1) and their associated parasitoids (p = .083) did not differ between the dry and wet seasons. The parasitoids Atropha tricolor and Apanteles sp. caused parasitism of 6.2% and 33.3% on Spoladea recurvalis and Choristoneura sp., respectively. PAA incorporated traps attracted moths that were largely unrelated to the damaging larvae observed on the crops with only 0.5% of total trap catches being S. recurvalis. Sub‐sites in which PAA were incorporated had significantly higher number of leaf‐webber larvae on the crops compared to control sub‐sites (p = .014). Amaranth lines studied had significant (p = .007) effect on lepidopteran defoliators’ abundance and damage, with fewer leaf‐webbers and lower severity of damage recorded on Abuk2 compared to Abuk8. The implication of these findings for the control of lepidopteran defoliators in East Africa is discussed.
Dopamine‐Related Genotypes and Physical Activity Change During an Intervention: The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study
Authors: Rosso Andrea L. , Metti Andrea L. , Glynn Nancy W. , Boudreau Robert M. , Rejeski W. Jack , Bohnen Nicolaas , Chen Haiying , Johannsen Neil M. , King Abby C. , Manini Todd M. , Pahor Marco , Studenski Stephanie A. , Fragoso Carlos A. Vaz , Rosano Caterina ,   for the LIFE Study Group
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether intervention‐induced physical activity (PA) changes in sedentary older adults differed according to dopamine‐related genotype.DesignRandomized clinical trial (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Trial (2010–13)).SettingMulticenter study, 8 U.S. locations.ParticipantsVolunteer sample of sedentary adults aged 70 to 89 at risk of disability (N=1635).InterventionsStructured PA versus health education (HE) for an average of 2.6 years.MeasurementsSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms of dopamine‐related genes (dopamine receptor (DR) D1, DRD2, DRD3, and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT)) were assessed. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was calculated using accelerometry (min/d) at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. Between‐arm MVPA differences according to genotype and genotype with square root–transformed MVPA separately according to arm were tested, stratified according to race, and adjusted for multiple comparisons.ResultsWhite participants in the PA arm (n=513) had higher average square root transformed MVPA (4.91±1.91)than those in the HE arm (n=538) (4.51±1.82) (p=.001). Between‐arm differences were greater for DRD2 Met/Met (high dopamine; HE: 4.76±1.80, PA: 5.53±1.60, p=.03) than Val/Val (low dopamine; HE: 4.58±1.92, PA: 4.81±1.83, p=.16); results were similar for COMT. In the PA arm, DRD2 Met/Met was associated with higher average MVPA (5.39±2.00) than Met/Val (4.46±2.51) (p=.01) and Val/Val (4.65±2.71) (p=.01). There were no associations for other genes. Associations were not significant in blacks but followed similar trends.ConclusionHigher dopamine signaling may support changes in PA during an intervention. The role of dopamine‐related pathways in promoting PA participation and enhancing response to interventions in sedentary older adults should be studied.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01072500
Comparative thermographic analysis at pre‐ and postcryolipolysis treatment: Clinical case report
Authors: Oliveira Paloma de S. , de Carvalho Mylana A. , Braga Mariana A. , Leite Márcia M. P. , Medrado Alena P. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIntroductionAlthough the exact cryolipolysis mechanisms on adipose tissue remain unknown, the current literature indicates that it may occur a crystallization followed by an ischemic reaction which generates an inflammatory process.ObjectiveTo evaluate thermographically, the tissue's circulatory pattern of a patient submitted to the cryolipolysis technique and the beginning of the inflammatory process, through variations of temperature gradients and the evaluation of the pains degree of the patient in these same moments.MethodsA descriptive study, of an interventional case report, performed in an 18‐year‐old patient who had clearly visible fat in the lower abdomen area, with a skin fold greater than 2 centimeters and body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2.ResultsComparing the maximum temperatures showed on the last thermography with the pre‐application image, an increase of 0.4°C was observed, which is suggestive of abnormality. Regarding the minimum temperatures verified, there was a significative decrease in the temperature with the procedure, which was observed on the last 5 minutes (ΔT = 9.8°C). However, in 48 hour, the minimum temperature began to recover (ΔT = 0.3°C).ConclusionThe observed data indicate that there was a significant decrease in the temperature during the cooling phase, whereas in the recovery phase, the inverse was found.
Effects of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on blood lipid peroxidation and cortisol concentration in dairy cows undergoing omentopexy
Authors: Mudron P. , Rehage J. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryTwenty dairy cows with left abomasal displacement were used to investigate the effects of vitamin E and selenium treatment on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and blood cortisol in dairy cows stressed by omentopexy. The cows were randomly divided into two groups. Ten hours before surgery 6 g of DL‐α‐tocopheryl acetate (6 mg/kg) and 67 mg of natrium selenite (0.1 mg/kg) in volume of 40 ml (Vitaselen®) were administered subcutaneously to 10 cows; the control animals (n = 10) received an equivalent volume of injectable water (40 ml). The injection of vitamin E and selenium produced a rapid rise (p < .05) in blood α‐tocopherol and selenium concentrations. The serum vitamin E increased several times 10 hr after vitamin E and Se injection and raised continuously to the highest average concentration 21.6 mg/L at hr 24 after the surgery. The highest selenium concentration was seen 10 hr after selenium administration with holding the increased concentrations in comparison with initial ones during the whole study. Two‐way ANOVA did not show significant treatment effect on plasma concentrations TBARS in the study. The plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances reached the maximum value of 0.18 μmol/L in the control group 5 hr after the surgery. Twenty‐four hours after the surgery, the TBARS values returned to the initial ones. Serum cortisol increased in both groups after surgery. The highest cortisol concentrations were reached at 1 hr after surgery in the experimental and control group (56.7 ± 28.8 and 65.3 ± 26.1 μg/L respectively). A return to the levels similar to the initial ones was recognized 24 hr after the surgery. The ANOVA revealed a significant effect of vitamin E and selenium injection on plasma cortisol (p < .05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that abdominal surgery resulted in typical stress changes with no significant effects of a single vitamin E/Se injection on blood lipid peroxidation. In addition, a weaker cortisol response to the abdominal surgery was recognized in animals treated with vitamin E and selenium.
Ceres’ spectral link to carbonaceous chondrites—Analysis of the dark background materials
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Schäfer Tanja , Izawa Matthew R. M. , Cloutis Edward A. , Schröder Stefan E. , Roatsch Thomas , Preusker Frank , Stephan Katrin , Matz Klaus‐Dieter , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCeres’ surface has commonly been linked with carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) by ground‐based telescopic observations, because of its low albedo, flat to red‐sloped spectra in the visible and near‐infrared (VIS/NIR) wavelength region, and the absence of distinct absorption bands, though no currently known meteorites provide complete spectral matches to Ceres. Spatially resolved data of the Dawn Framing Camera (FC) reveal a generally dark surface covered with bright spots exhibiting reflectance values several times higher than Ceres’ background. In this work, we investigated FC data from High Altitude Mapping Orbit (HAMO) and Ceres eXtended Juling (CXJ) orbit (~140 m/pixel) for global spectral variations. We found that the cerean surface mainly differs by spectral slope over the whole FC wavelength region (0.4–1.0 μm). Areas exhibiting slopes <−10% μm−1 constitute only ~3% of the cerean surface and mainly occur in the bright material in and around young craters, whereas slopes ≥−10% μm−1 occur on more than 90% of the cerean surface; the latter being denoted as Ceres’ background material in this work. FC and Visible and Infrared Spectrometer (VIR) spectra of this background material were compared to the suite of CCs spectrally investigated so far regarding their VIS/NIR region and 2.7 μm absorption, as well as their reflectance at 0.653 μm. This resulted in a good match to heated CI Ivuna (heated to 200–300 °C) and a better match for CM1 meteorites, especially Moapa Valley. This possibly indicates that the alteration of CM2 to CM1 took place on Ceres.
Behavioral and psychosocial factors associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents
Authors: Lee GyuYoung , Ham Ok Kyung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSuicidal ideation poses a serious threat to the well‐being of adolescents and is the strongest risk factor for suicide. Indeed, Korea ranks first among Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries regarding the age‐standardized suicide rates. In the present study, we examined multiple levels of factors associated with the suicidal ideation of adolescents in Korea by applying the Ecological Models of Health Behavior. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 860 adolescents. The instruments included the Beck Depression Inventory and the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. Sixteen percent of participants reported suicidal ideation. Intrapersonal (sleep disturbance, Internet game addiction, destructive behavior, and depressive symptoms) and interpersonal factors (family conflicts and peer victimization) were associated with suicidal ideation. Because multiple factors were associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents, both intrapersonal (sleep disturbance, Internet game addiction, and depression) and interpersonal factors (family conflicts and peer problems) should be considered in the development of suicide‐prevention programs. These programs could include campaigns changing the norms (permissive attitudes toward school violence) and the development of strict and rigorous school non‐violence policies.
Phenomenology and qualitative research: Amedeo Giorgi's hermetic epistemology
Authors: Paley John 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAmedeo Giorgi has published a review article devoted to Phenomenology as Qualitative Research: A Critical Analysis of Meaning Attribution. However, anyone reading this article, but unfamiliar with the book, will get a distorted view of what it is about, whom it is addressed to, what it seeks to achieve and how it goes about presenting its arguments. Not mildly distorted, in need of the odd correction here and there, but systematically misrepresented. The article is a study in misreading. Giorgi misreads the book's mise en scène; he misreads its narrative arc; he misreads individual arguments; he misreads short, simple passages; he misreads the philosophy of the science literature; he misreads his own data; he misreads the title; he misreads the blurb; he misreads the acknowledgements. In addition, there are serious failures of scholarship (ironically, he demonstrates how unacquainted he is with the relevant literature at the very moment he is accusing me of being ill‐informed). In this reply, I provide several examples of these errors, but my primary aim is to understand why Giorgi's misreading is as ubiquitous as it is. To this end, I explain his mistakes by reference to the hermetic epistemology within which he is confined.
Early salivary changes in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous HSCT
Authors: van Leeuwen SJM , Proctor GB , Potting CMJ , ten Hoopen S , van Groningen LFJ , Bronkhorst EM , Blijlevens NMA , Huysmans MCDNJM 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveOne explorative observational study in two parts was performed to examine early salivary changes in relation to oral mucositis (OM) in multiple myeloma patients treated with high‐dose melphalan and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As cryotherapy was introduced after part A as regular care, its effect on OM could be evaluated.MethodsUnstimulated whole‐mouth saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole‐mouth saliva (SWS) were collected, and OM was scored with the Oral Mucositis Nursing Instrument (OMNI) at days −3, 0, 4, 7, 11 and 14 after HSCT. Salivary flow rate, total protein (BCA), mucin 5B, albumin (western blot), total IgA, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase levels (ELISA) were determined.ResultsTrends of decreasing UWS and SWS flow rates and total IgA levels were observed. At days 7 and 11, increases in lactoferrin and albumin levels were found in UWS and SWS. A positive correlation was found between OMNI scores and albumin and lactoferrin levels in SWS (R2 = .56, p = .029 and R2 = .49, p = .043, respectively). In part B, cryotherapy significantly lowered peak OMNI scores.ConclusionCompositional changes in saliva reflecting inflammation were found in the first days after HSCT, and the use of cryotherapy in the second part was associated with decreased OM severity.
ACE inhibition in goats under fixed‐time artificial insemination protocol increases the pregnancy rate and twin births
Authors: Fernandes Neto VP , Silva MNN , Costa AS , Kunkel D , Júnior AS , Feitosa LCS , Muratori MCS , Costa APR 
Published: April 2018

ContentsTo assess the effect of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on the efficiency of the fixed‐time artificial insemination (TAI), 69 goats were divided randomly into two groups: enalapril (n = 35) and control (n = 34). In the experiment, all animals underwent the protocol of fixed‐time artificial insemination for 12 days. Enalapril group received enalapril maleate dissolved in saline (Enalapril, Lab Teuto Ltda) subcutaneously at the following doses: 0.2 mg/kg/day in D0‐D2; 0.3 mg/kg/day in D3‐D6 and 0.4 mg/kg/day in D7‐D11. The control group received the corresponding volume of 0.9% saline solution. We performed a single insemination 36 hr after sponge removal using frozen semen from two adult male goats with recognized fertility. The ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis was 30 days after the artificial insemination (AI). There was significant increase in pregnancy rates and twinning as well as a decrease in foetal loss in animals receiving enalapril (p < .01). The use of ACE inhibitors during the TAI protocol was shown to be a promising alternative to increase the efficiency of such reproductive biotechnology.
Bacteriological findings in the canine uterus during Caesarean section performed due to dystocia and their correlation to puppy mortality at the time of parturition
Authors: Goericke‐Pesch S , Fux V , Prenger‐Berninghoff E , Wehrend A 
Published: April 2018

ContentsCanine intrauterine bacteriological flora during dystocia is unknown. Thus, frequency (bacterial growth (not) detected), quality (species and number of different bacterial isolates) and quantity (colony‐forming units) of intrauterine bacteria in relation to in utero foetal death in 50 bitches undergoing emergency Caesarean section were investigated. Bacterial growth was quantified from single colonies, (+) (0.5), to strong growth, +++ (3) and was observed in 34 bitches (68%), with Staph. epidermidis (n = 12), Staph. intermedius‐group (n = 7), β‐haemolytic streptococci (n = 6), Staph. aureus, α‐ and γ‐haemolytic streptococci (n = 4 each) being most common and one to four bacteria per sample. Regarding the quantity, most often (n = 46) low growth was identified. In bitches with living pups only (group I), mean number of isolates was 0.78 ± 0.83 compared to 1.60 ± 1.10 (living + stillborn pups, group II) and 1.0 ± 1.15 (stillborn pups only, group III) and mean bacterial growth in groups I/II/III was + (1.0, quantity), + (1.4) and ++ (1.6). Taking just positive samples into consideration, mean number of bacterial isolates was significantly higher in group II compared to I (p = .0088). We concluded that the canine uterus cannot be considered free of bacteria during dystocia. Mean numbers of different bacterial isolates and quantity of bacterial growth are higher in bitches with in utero foetal death.
Drug‐resistant tuberculosis: An update on disease burden, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Lange Christoph , Chesov Dumitru , Heyckendorf Jan , Leung Chi C. , Udwadia Zarir , Dheda Keertan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the leading cause of mortality due to a single microbial pathogen worldwide, represents a growing threat to public health and economic growth. The global burden of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) has recently increased by an annual rate of more than 20%. According to the World Health Organization approximately only half of all patients treated for MDR‐TB achieved a successful outcome. For many years, patients with drug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB) have received standardized treatment regimens, thereby accelerating the development of MDR‐TB through drug‐specific resistance amplification. Comprehensive drug susceptibility testing (phenotypic and/or genotypic) is necessary to inform physicians about the best drugs to treat individual patients with tailor‐made treatment regimens. Phenotypic drug resistance can now often, but with variable sensitivity, be predicted by molecular drug susceptibility testing based on whole genome sequencing, which in the future could become an affordable method for the guidance of treatment decisions, especially in high‐burden/resource‐limited settings. More recently, MDR‐TB treatment outcomes have dramatically improved with the use of bedaquiline‐based regimens. Ongoing clinical trials with novel and repurposed drugs will potentially further improve cure‐rates, and may substantially decrease the duration of MDR‐TB treatment necessary to achieve relapse‐free cure.
The Franciscans Order: Global history from the margins
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Franciscan Rule dedicated its followers to wandering in the world as pilgrims and strangers, and they rapidly developed a precocious global network, yet the Franciscans’ contribution to global history is more complex than the story of their early global presence. Following a Rule of poverty, Franciscans voluntarily aligned themselves with the margins, refocusing concepts of distance and inverting landscapes of the strange and the familiar. Committed to becoming strangers wherever they found themselves, they developed a unique perspective on the world that enabled an ‘in oculis eorum’ (seeing as others). This article contends that the Franciscans’ socio‐religious commitment to their Rule of poverty which made them strangers in this world helps explain their particular perspective on the world and its people. Using the frameworks of Renaissance history and of the Franciscan institution it connects the Franciscans’ contributions to descriptions of the people of the world and their languages between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries and demonstrates that Renaissance projects not only focused upon the margins of classical texts in Europe, but a range of physical and metaphysical margins.
Market integration and tariff cooperation between asymmetric countries
Authors: Tsubuku Masafumi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between market integration—specifically a reduction in trade costs—and the sustainability of tariff cooperation, using a repeated game approach. We explore the property of noncooperative and cooperative tariffs about trade costs and the size of the domestic industry. We find that market integration does not induce the tariff rates to be lowered bilaterally in the noncooperative policy regime. By contrast, the cooperative regime brings about a bilateral tariff reduction when the market becomes integrated. Furthermore, by using the repeated game approach, we demonstrate that market integration facilitates cooperation between asymmetric countries.
Solutions of Nonlocal Equations Reduced from the AKNS Hierarchy
Authors: Chen Kui , Deng Xiao , Lou Senyue , Zhang Da‐jun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, nonlocal reductions of the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Suger (AKNS) hierarchy are collected, including the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy, nonlocal modified Korteweg‐de Vries hierarchy, and nonlocal versions of the sine‐Gordon equation in nonpotential form. A reduction technique for solutions is employed, by which exact solutions in double Wronskian form are obtained for these reduced equations from those double Wronskian solutions of the AKNS hierarchy. As examples of dynamics, we illustrate new interaction of two‐soliton solutions of the reverse‐t nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Although as a single soliton, it is stationary that two solitons travel along completely symmetric trajectories in plane and their amplitudes are affected by phase parameters. Asymptotic analysis is given as demonstration. The approach and relation described in this paper are systematic and general and can be used to other nonlocal equations.