bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Perdigão: Peering into Microscale Details of Mountain Winds
Authors: Fernando H. J. S. , Mann J. , Palma J. M. L. M. , Lundquist J. K. , Barthelmie R. J. , Belo-Pereira M. , Brown W. O. J. , Chow F. K. , Gerz T. , Hocut C. M. , Klein P. M. , Leo L. S. , Matos J. C. , Oncley S. P. , Pryor S. C. , Bariteau L. , Bell T. M. , Bodini N. , Carney M. B. , Courtney M. S. , Creegan E. D. , Dimitrova R. , Gomes S. , Hagen M. , Hyde J. O. , Kigle S. , Krishnamurthy R. , Lopes J. C. , Mazzaro L. , Neher J. M. T. , Menke R. , Murphy P. , Oswald L. , Otarola-Bustos S. , Pattantyus A. K. , Rodrigues C. Veiga , Schady A. , Sirin N. , Spuler S. , Svensson E. , Tomaszewski J. , Turner D. D. , van Veen L. , Vasiljević N. , Vassallo D. , Voss S. , Wildmann N. , Wang Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA grand challenge from the wind energy industry is to provide reliable forecasts on mountain winds several hours in advance at microscale (∼100 m) resolution. This requires better microscale wind-energy physics included in forecasting tools, for which field observations are imperative. While mesoscale (∼1 km) measurements abound, microscale processes are not monitored in practice nor do plentiful measurements exist at this scale. After a decade of preparation, a group of European and U.S. collaborators conducted a field campaign during 1 May–15 June 2017 in Vale Cobrão in central Portugal to delve into microscale processes in complex terrain. This valley is nestled within a parallel double ridge near the town of Perdigão with dominant wind climatology normal to the ridges, offering a nominally simple yet natural setting for fundamental studies. The dense instrument ensemble deployed covered a ∼4 km × 4 km swath horizontally and ∼10 km vertically, with measurement resolutions of tens of meters and seconds. Meteorological data were collected continuously, capturing multiscale flow interactions from synoptic to microscales, diurnal variability, thermal circulation, turbine wake and acoustics, waves, and turbulence. Particularly noteworthy are the extensiveness of the instrument array, space–time scales covered, use of leading-edge multiple-lidar technology alongside conventional tower and remote sensors, fruitful cross-Atlantic partnership, and adaptive management of the campaign. Preliminary data analysis uncovered interesting new phenomena. All data are being archived for public use.
Observed Evolution of a California Undercurrent Eddy
Authors: Steinberg Jacob M. , Pelland Noel A. , Eriksen Charles C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA California Undercurrent eddy (Cuddy) was repeatedly surveyed using multiple Seagliders for over three months. Found and tracked off of the Washington–Vancouver Island coasts, this Cuddy traveled over 400 km, remaining between the 1000- and 2000-m isobaths, as it was swept along in poleward flow of the California Current System. Three Seagliders made repeat bisecting transects of the Cuddy core capturing its detailed three-dimensional structure in time. Its evolution was analyzed through comparison of 11 independent Cuddy “snapshots.” A two dimensional Gaussian model fit to the geopotential anomaly field for each snapshot allowed computation of dynamic fields inaccessible in Seaglider profiles alone. Results indicate that the Cuddy decayed as its core waters became less isolated over time: Cuddy total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential), salt content, and the magnitude of the core potential vorticity anomaly decreased. Core spice and dissolved oxygen variance increased tenfold, and thermohaline fine structure, suggestive of lateral intrusions, was observed progressively closer to the eddy core. The estimated gradient-wind balanced velocity field similarly weakened as the Rossby number decreased to 0.32 from an initial value of 0.48. The observed changes in eddy properties occurred as the Cuddy was exposed to changes in the background stratification and Coriolis parameter as it translated alongshore. Idealized modeling of eddy adjustment indicates that both erosion and changing background conditions are required to explain the observed eddy changes. Adjustment in response to both effects simultaneously leads to changes in eddy properties qualitatively consistent with those observed.
On the Feedback of Ice–Ocean Stress Coupling from Geostrophic Currents in an Anticyclonic Wind Regime over the Beaufort Gyre
Authors: Wang Qiang , Marshall John , Scott Jeffery , Meneghello Gianluca , Danilov Sergey , Jung Thomas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBased on analysis of observational data it has been suggested that a negative feedback of ice–ocean stress coupling may limit freshwater accumulation in the Beaufort Gyre (BG). In this paper we explore how this feedback can significantly contribute to BG stabilization in an anticyclonic wind regime. We use an ice–ocean model and turn on and off the feedback in simulations to elucidate the role of the feedback. When a persistent anticyclonic wind anomaly is applied over the BG, liquid freshwater content (FWC) increases because of enhanced Ekman downwelling. As a consequence, ocean surface geostrophic currents speed up. However, the spinup of sea ice is weaker than the acceleration of surface geostrophic currents during wintertime, because of strong sea ice internal stress when ice concentration is high and ice is thick. This leads to cyclonic anomalies in the ice–ocean relative velocity and stress over the BG. The resultant seasonal Ekman upwelling anomaly reduces freshwater accumulation by about 1/4 as compared to a simulation with the negative feedback turned off in a control experiment, with a reduction range of 1/10–1/3 in all experiments conducted. We show that the feedback is more effective when the model’s mesoscale eddy diffusivity is smaller or when sea ice internal stress is stronger. Finally, we argue that the ice–ocean stress feedback may become less significant as the Arctic warms and sea ice declines.
Early developmental risk for subsequent childhood mental disorders in an Australian population cohort
Authors: Green Melissa J , Tzoumakis Stacy , Laurens Kristin R , Dean Kimberlie , Kariuki Maina , Harris Felicity , Brinkman Sally A , Carr Vaughan J 
Published: December 2018

Objective: We examined associations between developmental vulnerability profiles determined at the age of 5 years and subsequent childhood mental illness between ages 6 and 13 years in an Australian population cohort. Methods: Intergenerational records from New South Wales (NSW) Government Departments of Health and Child Protection spanning pre-birth to 13 years of age were linked with the 2009 Australian Early Development Census records for 86,668 children. Mental illness indices for children were extracted from health records between 2009 and 2016 (child’s age of 6–13 years). Associations between mental disorder diagnoses and membership of early childhood risk groups, including those with established ‘special needs’ (3777, 4.3%) at school entry, or putative risk classes delineated via latent class analysis of Australian Early Development Census subdomains – referred to as ‘pervasive risk’ ( N = 3479; 4.0%), ‘misconduct risk’ ( N = 5773; 6.7%) or ‘mild generalised risk’ ( N = 9542; 11%) – were estimated using multinomial logistic regression, relative to children showing ‘no risk’ ( N = 64,097; 74%). Poisson regression models estimated the relative risk of a greater number of days recorded with mental health service contacts among children in each Australian Early Development Census risk group. Adjusted models included child’s sex, socioeconomic disadvantage, child protection contacts and parental mental illness as covariates. Results: The crude odds of any mental disorder among children aged 6–13 years was increased approximately threefold in children showing pervasive risk or misconduct risk profiles at the age of 5 years, and approximately sevenfold in children with special needs, relative to children showing no risk; patterns of association largely remained after adjusting for covariates. Children with special needs and the misconduct risk class used mental health services over a greater number of days than the no risk class. Conclusion: Patterns of early childhood developmental vulnerability are associated with subsequent onset of mental disorders and have the potential to inform interventions to mitigate the risk for mental disorders in later childhood and adolescence.
An exploratory study into an adapted use of the Alert Program for tic disorder in children
Authors: Soler Nicolette , Hardwick Chris , Perkes Iain E , Dossetor David , Bray Paula , Dale Russell C 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: This preliminary study explored whether an adapted approach to the Alert Program, that uses sensorimotor strategies, might assist with management of tic disorders in children. The Alert Program, a program that uses sensorimotor strategies for self-regulation in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, had not been trialled with children with tic disorders. Methods: Ten children with tic disorder were assessed using the Dunn Sensory Profile 2 (SP2), the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the Parent Tic Questionnaire (PTQ). Participants attended three 60–90-minute appointments with an occupational therapist and clinical psychologist for implementation of the adapted Alert Program. Results: The YGTSS showed tic reduction in all participants. The total YGTSS pre-intervention mean score of 46.5 improved to 17.7 post-therapy. Five participants reported no impairment post-therapy. PTQ scores reduced in nine participants. On the SP2, 30% of participants scored as having sensory sensitivities that impaired daily function. Conclusions: This exploratory study found trialling an adapted approach to the Alert Program that uses sensorimotor-based approach decreased tic severity in children with tic disorders. A randomised controlled trial is needed to establish the effectiveness and feasibility of this approach.
Aplicación de la teoría de aprendizaje en el entrenamiento acerca de seguridad y salud para trabajadores inmigrantes en las lecherías
Authors: Juárez-Carrillo Patricia M. , Liebman Amy K. , Reyes Iris Anne C. , Ninco Sanchez Yurany V. , Keifer Matthew C. 
Published: December 2018

Resumen Con el propósito de prevenir lesiones y enfermedades ocupacionales, diseñamos un currículo de seguridad y salud para trabajadores inmigrantes en la industria lechera para aumentar el conocimiento, fomentar prácticas de seguridad, y reducir inequidades en la comunicación. El currículo se basa principalmente en la Taxonomía para el Aprendizaje Significativo-TAS ( Taxonomy of Significant Learning) e incorpora teorías de la conducta y de aprendizaje para adultos, así como también los principios de control de riesgos ocupacionales. Los entrenamientos se implementaron con 836 trabajadores de habla hispana de 67 lecherías en el estado de Wisconsin, en los Estados Unidos. El 67% de los trabajadores reportaron nunca haber recibido entrenamiento acerca de la seguridad en las lecherías, el 65% reportó haber trabajado en lecherías durante 5 años o menos, y el 26% de los trabajadores reportaron haber sufrido alguna lesión mientras trabajaban en la lechería. La evaluación cuantitativa y cualitativa de los entrenamientos sugiere que nuestro currículo efectivamente aumentó el conocimiento y fomentó la contemplación de prácticas de seguridad de los trabajadores. El aumento del conocimiento en general del 25% es estadísticamente significativo (p < .01). Los trabajadores recordaron al menos un concepto clave del contenido, expresaron sentirse confiados en adoptar al menos una conducta de seguridad, y mencionaron su intención de comunicar sus preocupaciones de seguridad a sus jefes en la lechería. De acuerdo a nuestro conocimiento, esta es la primera vez que se aplica la TAS en la educación acerca de seguridad y salud ocupacional. Este currículo puede ayudar a los productores en la industria lechera a cumplir con el entrenamiento anual de los trabajadores requerido por la Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de los E. U. ( Occupational Safety and Health Administration-OSHA), ofreciendo este entrenamiento básico en seguridad y salud a sus trabajadores durante su etapa inicial de empleo.
A Regional Survey on Residents’ Preferences on Patient-Centered Medical Home Design in Rural Areas
Authors: Cai Hui , Spreckelmeyer Kent , Mendenhall Amy , Li Dan , Holmes Cheryl , Levy Michelle 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: This study aims to explore the rural residents’ preferences on various aspects of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model and the associated physical environment features. Background: The PCMH model has gained popularity as an innovative care model that intends to improve patient experience and outcomes while reducing costs. Yet few studies focused on patients’ perspective, even less considered the needs of the rural communities. Method: Using a convenience sample, an exploratory survey was completed by 362 rural residents in the Midwestern region. Survey items were designed to gather information on both rural residents’ preferences for five key PCMH attributes (comprehensive, patient-centered, coordinated, accessible, and quality) and of the physical environment that supports these attributes. Analyses were arranged along these key attributes. Results: Results indicated that residents’ demographics affect their preferences for spatial features for PCMH. The three most important environmental factors for PCMH for the rural residents are the privacy, extra chairs in the exam room for family, and space that supports information sharing and communication among patient, family, and healthcare staff. Through structural equation modeling analysis, residents’ preferences on comprehensive care, patient-centered care, coordinated care, quality, and safety have shown to affect their preference for the space features. The open-ended survey shows that rural residents are mostly satisfied with their current healthcare environment in terms of supporting patient-centered care, while other aspects still have room for future improvement. Conclusions: Overall, this exploratory study identified important attributes of the physical environment that can support PCMH from rural residents’ perspective.
Quantitative Evaluation of Equine Articular Cartilage Using Cationic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography
Authors: Nelson Brad B. , Stewart Rachel C. , Kawcak Chris E. , Freedman Jonathan D. , Patwa Amit N. , Snyder Brian D. , Goodrich Laurie R. , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: December 2018

Objective To investigate the diffusion trajectory of a cationic contrast medium (CA4+) into equine articular cartilage, and to assess normal and degenerative equine articular cartilage using cationic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Design In the first experiment (Exp1), equine osteochondral specimens were serially imaged with cationic CECT to establish the diffusion time constant and time to reach equilibrium in healthy articular cartilage. In a separate experiment (Exp2), articular cartilage defects were created on the femoral trochlea (defect joint) in a juvenile horse, while the opposite joint was a sham-operated control. After 7 weeks, osteochondral biopsies were collected throughout the articular surfaces of both joints. Biopsies were analyzed for cationic CECT attenuation, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, mechanical stiffness (Eeq), and histology. Imaging, biochemical and mechanical data were compared between defect and control joints. Results Exp1: The mean diffusion time constant was longer for medial condyle cartilage (3.05 ± 0.1 hours) than lateral condyle cartilage (1.54 ± 0.3 hours, P = 0.04). Exp2: Cationic CECT attenuation was lower in the defect joint than the control joint ( P = 0.005) and also varied by anatomic location ( P = 0.045). Mean cationic CECT attenuation from the lateral trochlear ridge was lower in the defect joint than in the control joint (2223 ± 329 HU and 2667 ± 540 HU, respectively; P = 0.02). Cationic CECT attenuation was strongly correlated with both GAG (ρ = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and Eeq (ρ = 0.61, P < 0.0001). Conclusions The equilibration time of CA4+ into equine articular cartilage is affected by tissue volume. Quantitative cationic CECT imaging reflects the biochemical, biomechanical and histological state of normal and degenerative equine articular cartilage.
Ravulizumab (ALXN1210) vs eculizumab in C5-inhibitor–experienced adult patients with PNH: the 302 study
Authors: Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Hill Anita , Rottinghaus Scott T. , Langemeijer Saskia , Wells Richard , Gonzalez-Fernandez F. Ataulfo , Gaya Anna , Lee Jong Wook , Gutierrez Emilio Ojeda , Piatek Caroline I. , Szer Jeff , Risitano Antonio , Nakao Shinji , Bachman Eric , Shafner Lori , Damokosh Andrew I. , Ortiz Stephan , Röth Alexander , Peffault de Latour Regis 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ravulizumab, a new complement component C5 inhibitor administered every 8 weeks, was noninferior to eculizumab administered every 2 weeks in complement-inhibitor–naive patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). This study assessed noninferiority of ravulizumab to eculizumab in clinically stable PNH patients during previous eculizumab therapy. In this phase 3, open-label, multicenter study, 195 PNH patients on labeled-dose (900 mg every 2 weeks) eculizumab for &gt;6 months were randomly assigned 1:1 to switch to ravulizumab (n = 97) or continue eculizumab (n = 98). Primary efficacy end point was percentage change in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from baseline to day 183. Key secondary end points included proportion of patients with breakthrough hemolysis, change in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)–Fatigue score, transfusion avoidance, and stabilized hemoglobin. In 191 patients completing 183 days of treatment, ravulizumab was noninferior to eculizumab (Pinf &lt; .0006 for all end points), including percentage change in LDH (difference, 9.21% [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.42 to 18.84], P = .058 for superiority), breakthrough hemolysis (difference, 5.1 [95% CI, −8.89 to 18.99]), change in FACIT-Fatigue score (difference, 1.47 [95% CI, −0.21 to 3.15]), transfusion avoidance (difference, 5.5 [95% CI, −4.27 to 15.68]), and stabilized hemoglobin (difference, 1.4 [95% CI, −10.41 to 13.31]). The most frequently reported adverse event was headache (26.8%, ravulizumab; 17.3%, eculizumab). No meningococcal infections or discontinuations due to adverse events occurred. Patients with PNH may be safely and effectively switched from labeled-dose eculizumab administered every 2 weeks to ravulizumab administered every 8 weeks. This trial was funded by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03056040.
To be continued: family planning continuation among the urban poor in Senegal, a prospective, longitudinal descriptive study.
Authors: Peterson Jill , Brunie Aurélie , Ndeye Salif , Diatta Elisabeth , Stanback John , Chin-Quee Dawn 
Published: December 2018

Background: Given the role that continued use of family planning (FP) by current users plays in increasing contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR), this research aims to measure method-specific continuation rates for fixed-site and community-based program interventions and to document reasons for discontinuation. Methods: This research compared discontinuation rates for clients initiating family planning through two types of strategies—services provided at existing health centers that provided regular, ongoing services, and “one-off” outreach services in communities. Data collectors surveyed consenting clients who were initiating a modern method, or reinitiating after a break of at least six months, and conducted a follow up survey after seven months. Results: Long acting reversible contraception (LARC) was more commonly initiated through outreach strategies than through fixed sites. LARC made up 65% of methods initiated through the outreach setting and 47% of those initiated through a fixed-site strategy. Continuation rates varied from 99% for intrauterine devices (IUDs) to 77% for injectables and were very similar between outreach and fixed-site strategies, with the exception of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Only 65% of outreach initiators continued using OCPs, compared to 84% of fixed-site initiators. Top reported reasons for discontinuation were side effects and little or no sexual relations. Conclusions: Project interventions allowed most women to continue with their chosen method of FP for the seven-month duration of the study whether initiated through fixed site or outreach strategies, showing promise in helping Senegal to increase its CPR. It is feasible to offer both LARC and short acting methods through outreach strategies. Further research into the sensitivity of demand to the price charged is needed.
Becoming music
Authors: Griffin David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Following a confused encounter with a music manuscript, the author explores the underpinnings of that experience, to understand the nature and structure of music notations as drawing systems. A music notation is an almost-impossibly complicated bit of drawing. Calling it a map does not quite do the trick, even if the page somehow works like a map. Labelling it a diagram, typically a didactic visual tool, is off the mark as well. Furthermore, the traditional western staff notation, as an example with historical authority, happens to be a richly developed system for reading and writing, for composition. This mixed bag of structure and function makes the staff notation a persistently vital teaching tool, even in our vexing era of computational solutions. In its hybrid display, a music notation gives its many user-communities a strategic, two-dimensional mechanism for cross-modal analysis and annotation, and ultimately performance of its content, in higher dimensions. How does a music drawing relate to other drawing systems? And how is it that we are enabled to fix and re-fix the multi-dimensional complexes of musical performance onto a page?
Spoken parts: Processes of communication in designing for theatre
Authors: Malva Filipa 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Processes of communication such as verbal discussion or sketching allow solutions to remain open while rehearsing a theatre production. Depending on the purpose or concept behind it, this characteristic can be either desirable or a hindrance to the development of the scenography. The decision to use a specific process of communication depends on the scenographer’s ability to master it, on the director’s capacity to understand it, and, above all, whether it responds to the characteristics of the production. In this article I look at how scenography is suggested, discussed and created through verbal or drawn discourse at the various stages of the design process. I argue that some types of design drawings, such as conceptual sketches, offer more capacity for reflection, while others focus on giving instructions for collaborators, and all look at registering action over time and space. Similarly, I contend that accidents and absences in design drawings are relevant in understanding changes in the scenography. Finally, I build upon the idea that drawing through rehearsal builds a lexicon of drawn material which is at the heart of a specific theatre collaboration. I use examples from my own scenographic practice and I work from a definition of scenography as the composition of all visual-spatial elements designed for the stage.
Wishings well
Authors: Prosser Bill 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article is an extension from the Leverhulme Trust-funded research project ‘Beckett and the Phenomenology of Doodles’, which examined Samuel Beckett’s marginalia on manuscripts held by the Beckett International Foundation at the University of Reading. Amongst their material is the holograph of Beckett’s unfinished play about Dr Johnson, Human Wishes. In what follows, through a process of close reading its drawings and language will be considered alongside Anthony Howell’s ideas for a grammar applicable to performance.