bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation into Portuguese, adaptation, and validity assessment of the food safety climate self‐assessment tool
Authors: Martins Werner Souza , de Campos Leite Ana Beatriz , de Carvalho Balian Simone 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aims of this study were to translate into Portuguese, adapt, and test the reliability, internal consistency, conceptual equivalence, and validity of the food safety climate self‐assessment tool. Translation and back translation were performed to test the reliability, internal consistency, conceptual equivalence, and validity of the translated instrument. The process of translating and adapting the tool was completed successfully, and the Portuguese version developed in the present study was confirmed to be similar to the original tool.Practical applicationsThe food safety climate self‐assessment tool translated and adapted to promote the evaluation of the food safety climate in the food industry from Portuguese language countries. This tool should be used by industry managers or owners to know the perception and the culture of food safety among the workers.
Nonimplant, Nonadhesive Overlay Approach to Retain a Partial Auricular Prosthesis
Authors: Raghuvanshi Snehkiran , Chand Pooran , Singh Saumyendra V , Aggarwal Himanshi , Arya Deeksha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPartial auricular prosthesis fabrication presents a more complex challenge than complete ear fabrication, with added aspects of merging/camouflaging a larger prosthetic marginal area, pattern try‐in, and compromised retention. Better alternatives are excision of the remnant ear to make an implant‐retained complete ear prosthesis or surgical reconstruction of the missing ear portion. Both need additional surgery/ies and expenses, neither of which may be acceptable to the patient. This report describes a prosthesis fabrication approach for such patients. This approach does not require implants or adhesives for retention. Issues of marginal camouflage and pattern trial were also addressed satisfactorily.
Resource selection in reintroduced lions and the influence of intergroup interactions
Authors: Yiu S. W. , Karczmarski L. , Parrini F. , Keith M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOptimal resource selection is crucial for maximising fitness and survival. Animals introduced to a new area need time to explore the environment, which could result in a time lag before optimal selection occurs. Furthermore, intra‐specific interactions (particularly in territorial species) also play a role in shaping resource selection patterns, with weaker individuals being displaced from optimal resources. We assessed within‐home range habitat selection of lions (Panthera leo) introduced to a South African wildlife reserve, to examine changes in their resource selection patterns across 3 years from the time of introduction, and the effect of intra‐specific interactions on these selection patterns. After initial exploration, lions selected low altitudes and flat slopes that facilitate movement, high tree densities that provide cover and refuge, and areas close to water sources and flood plains that have high prey density. Responses to human disturbances differed between males and females, with males being more tolerant to high densities of roads and buildings. These patterns were however disrupted by deaths due to intergroup conflicts and by introductions of new individuals, with the dominant groups remaining within favourable resources and subordinate groups shifting to suboptimal resources. Our findings support the spatio‐temporal dynamic nature of habitat selection processes for reintroduced large carnivores and emphasize the role of intra‐specific interactions in influencing the landscape determinants of habitat selection.
A Bifidobacterial pilus‐associated protein promotes colonic epithelial proliferation
Authors: O'Connell Motherway Mary , Houston Aileen , O’Callaghan Grace , Reunanen Justus , O’Brien Frances , O’Driscoll Tara , Casey Patrick G. , de Vos Willem M. , van Sinderen Douwe , Shanahan Fergus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDevelopment of the human gut microbiota commences at birth, with certain bifidobacterial species representing dominant and early colonisers of the newborn gastrointestinal tract. The molecular basis of Bifidobacterium colonisation, persistence and presumed communication with the host has remained obscure. We previously identified tight adherence (Tad) pili from Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 as an essential colonisation factor. Here, we demonstrate that bifidobacterial Tad pili also promote in vivo colonic epithelial proliferation. A significant increase in cell proliferation was detectable 5 days postadministration of B. breve UCC2003. Using advanced functional genomic approaches, bacterial strains either (a) producing the Tad2003 pili or (b) lacking the TadE or TadF pseudopilins were created. Analysis of the ability of these mutant strains to promote epithelial cell proliferation in vivo demonstrated that the pilin subunit, TadE, is the bifidobacterial molecule responsible for this proliferation response. These findings were confirmed in vitro using purified TadE protein. Our data imply that bifidobacterial Tad pili may contribute to the maturation of the naïve gut in early life through the production of a specific scaffold of extracellular protein structures, which stimulate growth of the neonatal mucosa.
On The Content and Character of Pain Experience
Authors: Gray Richard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTracking representationalism explains the negative affective character of pain, and its capacity to motivate action, by reference to the representation of the badness for us of bodily damage. I argue that there is a more fitting instantiation of the tracking relation – the badness for us of extremely intense stimuli – and use this to motivate a non‐reductive approach to the negative affective character of pain. The view of pain proposed here is supported by consideration of three related topics: the pain caused when the body is damaged, reparative pain and the messenger‐shooting objection to tracking representationalism.
Effect of EGF on expression and localization of maturation‐promoting factor, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, p34cdc2 and cyclin B during different culture periods on in vitro maturation of canine oocytes
Authors: Pereira Leda Maria C. , Bersano Paulo Ricardo O. , Rocha Danilo D. , Lopes Maria Denise 
Published: October 2018

ContentsThis study aimed to investigate the localization of MPF, MAPK, p34cdc2 and cyclin B1 proteins, before and after treatment with EGF during different moments of oocyte maturation. The ovaries obtained from 350 domestic dogs were aseptically isolated, immersed in physiological solution and transported at 4°C. In the laboratory, the ovaries were sectioned for the release of cumulus–oocyte complexes. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were selected and divided into treatment groups with and without EGF and cultured for 24, 48 and 72 hr. Immunofluorescence was used for the detection and the localization of MAPK, MPF, p34cdc2 and cyclin B1 proteins. We observed that the expression and localization of MPF, MAPK, p34cdc2 and cyclin B1 proteins are associated with meiosis resumption and cell cycle progression, and that EGF influences cell signalling pathways by promoting alterations in the localization of these proteins, improving the acquisition of oocyte competence. This is the first report of the localization of crucial proteins for meiosis progression in domestic dogs and identification of the expression and localization of proteins for cell cycle progression performed in this study represented a step of great importance to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the meiosis block in domestic dogs, allowing the advance in this research area.
Effect of presence or absence of antibiotics and use of modified single layer centrifugation on bacteria in pony stallion semen
Authors: Al‐Kass Ziyad , Spergser Joachim , Aurich Christine , Kuhl Juliane , Schmidt Kathrin , Morrell Jane M. 
Published: October 2018

ContentsBacteria contaminate semen during collection and handling. The objective of this study was to identify the bacteria in pony stallion semen, the effects of antibiotics included in commercial semen extenders (lincomycin and spectinomycin) and the effect of modified single layer centrifugation (MSLC), on bacterial load. Ejaculates from six pony stallions, 3 ejaculates per animal, were extended in EquiPlus extender either with or without antibiotics. Aliquots were processed by MSLC to form four treatment groups: control and MSLC with antibiotics (CA and SA, respectively) and control and MSLC without antibiotics (CW and SW, respectively). Bacteriological examinations were carried out within 2 hr. Thirty‐one species of bacteria were isolated from one or more ejaculates, with Corynebacterium spp. being the most frequently detected. Corynebacterium spp. were present in all ejaculates. The MSLC resulted in a significantly lower total bacterial count than controls (CA vs. SA, p < 0.001; CW vs. SW, p < 0.0001).
Ultrasonic Lamb wave‐based debonding monitoring of advanced honeycomb sandwich composite structures
Authors: Sikdar Shirsendu , Ostachowicz Wiesław 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHoneycomb sandwich composites are extensively used in military shelters, aerospace structures, ground transportation structures, auto‐racing bodies, ship panels, and other special purpose structures requiring lightweight construction materials. But debondings at the face‐sheet‐to‐core junctions frequently occur due to the variable operating and loading conditions, which may menace the safety and overall integrity of the structural assembly. This paper aims to effectively identify such hidden debonding regions in these advanced structures, using Lamb wave‐based monitoring technique. A semianalytical analysis of Lamb wave dispersion in a healthy sandwich structure is carried out to identify various Lamb modes and to study their propagation phenomenon. A combined finite element‐based simulation and experimental analysis of Lamb wave propagation in sandwich panels (healthy and with debonding) are then carried out using piezoelectric transducer networks. It is observed that the presence of debonding significantly reduces the propagating Lamb wave mode amplitudes. A debonding detection algorithm, which uses the differential changes in Lamb mode amplitudes, is applied to efficiently identify single and multiple debonding regions in the structure.
Information Sampling, Judgment, and the Environment: Application to the Effect of Popularity on Evaluations
Authors: Le Mens Gaël , Denrell Jerker , Kovács Balázs , Karaman Hülya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIf people avoid alternatives they dislike, a negative evaluative bias emerges because errors of under‐evaluation are unlikely to be corrected. Prior work that analyzed this mechanism has shown that when the social environment exposes people to avoided alternatives (i.e., it makes them resample them), then evaluations can become systematically more positive. In this paper, we clarify the conditions under which this happens. By analyzing a simple learning model, we show that whether additional exposures induced by the social environment lead to more positive or more negative evaluations depends on how prior evaluations and the social environment interact in driving resampling. We apply these insights to the study of the effect of popularity on evaluations. We show theoretically that increased popularity leads to more positive evaluations when popularity mainly increases the chances of resampling for individuals with low current evaluations. Data on repeat stays at hotels are consistent with this condition: The popularity of a hotel mainly impacts the chances of a repeat stay for individuals with low satisfaction scores. Our results illustrate how a sampling approach can help to explain when and why people tend to like popular alternatives. They also shed new light on the polarization of attitudes across social groups.
Environmental, behavioural and multicomponent interventions to reduce adults' sitting time: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peachey Melissa M , Richardson Julie , V Tang Ada , Dal-Bello Haas Vanina , Gravesande Janelle 
Published: October 2018

Objective
To examine the overall effectiveness of interventions for reducing adult sedentary behaviour and to directly compare environmental, behavioural and multicomponent interventions.

Design
Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis.

Data sources
Ovid PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCOHost CINAHL, EBSCOHost SPORTDiscus and PubMed were searched from inception to 26 July 2017.

Eligibility criteria
Trials including randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised, cluster-randomised, parallel group, prepost, factorial and crossover trials where the primary aim was to change the sedentary behaviour of healthy adults assessed by self-report (eg, questionnaires, logs) or objective measures (eg, accelerometry).

Results
Thirty-eight trials of 5983 participants published between 2003 and 2017 were included in the qualitative synthesis; 35 studies were included in the quantitative analysis (meta-analysis). The pooled effect was a significant reduction in daily sitting time of −30.37 min/day (95% CI −40.86 to −19.89) favouring the intervention group. Reductions in sitting time were similar between workplace (−29.96 min/day; 95% CI −44.05 to –15.87) and other settings (−30.47 min/day; 95% CI −44.68 to –16.26), which included community, domestic and recreational environments. Environmental interventions had the largest reduction in daily sitting time (−40.59 min/day; 95% CI −61.65 to –19.53), followed by multicomponent (−35.53 min/day; 95% CI −57.27 to –13.79) and behavioural (−23.87 min/day; 95% CI −37.24 to –10.49) interventions.

Conclusion
Interventions targeting adult sedentary behaviour reduced daily sitting time by an average of 30 min/day, which was likely clinically meaningful.
Feasibility and safety of targeting the anterior superior iliac spine to perform a bone marrow procedure: a prospective, clinical study
Authors: Reed Loius J , Attarian Shirin , Olson Todd R , Singh Shashi , Shestopalov Alexander , Friedman Ellen W 
Published: October 2018

AimsThe bone marrow procedure (BMP) has been performed worldwide for years. Nonetheless, no generally accepted standards or guidelines for the performance of the BMP exist. Recent studies suggested that the lateral angulation technique (LAT), targeting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) after penetration of the posterior superior iliac spine, yields longer biopsy cores and is safer for patients. We assessed the feasibility and safety of targeting the ASIS in the prone and lateral decubitus positions.MethodsWe first observed the BMP needle tracks on cadavers. Our cadaver study revealed that the LAT is feasible and safe but requires different operator techniques. Next, we studied 25 adult haematology patients undergoing elective BMP via the LAT approach. Patients returned 5 days after the BMP for a haemoglobin assessment, pain questionnaire and low-dose non-contract CT.Results8% of patients reported persistent pain. No fall in haemoglobin and no pelvic haematomas or neurovascular injuries were detected. 88% of BMPs were successfully accomplished by targeting the ASIS. 12% required a back-up traditional angulation technique (TAT), directing the needle straight in, perpendicular to the coronal plane of the back. All three demonstrated inadvertent, but asymptomatic, penetration of the sacrum. Biopsy lengths were compared with a historical TAT control demonstrating that specimens obtained by LAT are significantly longer. Imaging studies showed that a seven-degree change in needle direction can convert a TAT to a LAT.ConclusionThe LAT approach is feasible, safe and more productive than the TAT, and may be the preferred standard for training haematologists.Trial registration numberNCT02524613.
Heated tobacco products likely appeal to adolescents and young adults
Authors: McKelvey Karma , Popova Lucy , Kim Minji , Chaffee Benjamin W , Vijayaraghavan Maya , Ling Pamela , Halpern-Felsher Bonnie 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundBeginning in the 1960s in the USA and globally since 1998, tobacco companies have beenaggressively promoting heated tobacco products (HTP). In 2016, Philip Morris International (PMI) applied to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking authorisation to market their IQOS HTP system and flavoured ‘HeatSticks’ in the USA as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP).MethodsWe systematically evaluated the publicly available data PMI submitted to FDA in its MRTP application to determine whether PMI’s IQOS product meets the US Tobacco Control Act’s standard for MRTP claims. We examined whether PMI provided sufficient data showing tobacco users will not initiate with IQOS, that youth will not misperceive the MRTP-related claims being made concerning IQOS, and how youth perceive health risks associated with IQOS.ResultsPMI’s own studies failed to provide evidence that youth, including non-users and former users, will not find IQOS appealing, will not initiate use of IQOS and will not perceive these products as risk-free. Further, PMI did not refer to independent studies conducted among adolescents which could influence their conclusions. Finally, their studies suffered from design and implementation flaws and cannot be relied on to support the proffered claims.ConclusionPMI’s own data and available evidence from scientific studies conducted independent of the tobacco industry regarding how novel tobacco products are currently being marketed suggest that introduction of IQOS will result in adolescent and young adult non-users initiating tobacco use with IQOS and could also increase poly-use of IQOS along with other tobacco products.
Multilevel Examination of Health Disparity: The Role of Policy Implementation in Neighborhood Context, in Patient Resources, and in Healthcare Facilities on Later Stage of Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Warnecke Richard B. , Campbell Richard T. , Vijayasiri Ganga , Barrett Richard E. , Rauscher Garth H. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background:
There is a substantial racial/ethnic disparity in female breast cancer mortality in Chicago between non-Hispanic black (NHblack) and Hispanic patients compared with their non-Hispanic white (NHwhite) counterparts. This observation prompted a multilevel examination of factors that might account for the disparity, with the goal of identifying potential policy interventions that might meaningfully address it

Methods:
In the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study, 411 NHblack, 397 NHwhite, and 181 Hispanic patients diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 79 were interviewed, and medical records were abstracted for information on screening and diagnostic follow-up. We conducted a multilevel analysis to assess the role of neighborhood context, patient resources, facility characteristics, and mode of detection in determining the disparity in later stage at diagnosis.

Results:
After adjustment for neighborhood context, mode of detection, and facility accreditation/resources, there was no significant disparity in later stage breast cancer diagnosis between NHblack or Hispanic patients compared with NHwhite patients.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that racial/ethnic differences in mode of detection and facility accreditation/resources account for most of the disparity in stage at diagnosis. Understanding the causes of differential screen detection and access to highly accredited facilities could inform interventions to meaningfully address this disparity.

Impact:
Multilevel approaches to studying health disparities are becoming the research standard for understanding and addressing health disparities. Optimal design of multilevel interventions addressing disparities in later stage diagnosis would benefit from enhanced understanding of pathways to detection and diagnosis available to patients in medically underserved communities.
Clinical Correlates of Aortic Stiffness and Wave Amplitude in Black Men and Women in the Community
Authors: Tsao Connie W. , Washington Floyd , Musani Solomon K. , Cooper Leroy L. , Tripathi Avnish , Hamburg Naomi M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Mitchell Gary F. , Fox Ervin R. 
Published: October 2018

Background

Black individuals have greater risk for cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) than whites. Identifying
CVD
risk factors associated with abnormal aortic hemodynamics in blacks may optimize
CVD
prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods and Results

Jackson Heart Study participants underwent applanation tonometry (2011–2016) with assessment of carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (
CFPWV
) and forward wave amplitude (
FWA
).
CVD
risk factors were assessed during examination 3 (2009–2012). We examined the association of risk factors with binary and continuous
CFPWV
and
FWA
in multivariable stepwise models. We evaluated for effect modification by sex to determine differential associations of risk factors with aortic hemodynamics in men and women. We examined 1322 individuals (mean age 66±11 years, 66% women). Age was strongly associated with elevated
CFPWV
(odds ratio, 4.76; 95% confidence interval, 3.84–5.89 [
P
<0.0001]) and
FWA
(odds ratio, 2.30; 95%
CI
, 1.98–2.69 [
P
<0.0001]). Men had greater odds of elevated
CFPWV
compared with women (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–2.13 [
P
=0.009]). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and use of antihypertensive medications were associated with elevated
CFPWV
and
FWA
(all
P
≤0.02). Additionally, total/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting glucose were associated with elevated
CFPWV
(both
P
≤0.002) and use of diabetes mellitus medications was associated with elevated
FWA
(
P
≤0.0001). We observed a steeper association of age and mean arterial pressure with unfavorable aortic hemodynamics in women than men.

Conclusions

In blacks in the community, differential
CVD
risk factors are associated with aortic stiffness and FWA. Future work may determine the impact of risk factor modification on abnormal central aortic hemodynamics and
CVD
outcomes.
Neuromodulator for the Treatment of Congenital Unilateral Lower Lip Palsy
Authors: Krane Natalie A. , Markey Jeffrey D. , Loyo Myriam 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Congenital unilateral lower lip palsy is an infrequently encountered condition that manifests as lower lip asymmetry during smiling, laughing, and crying. Treatment options are not well characterized. Methods: The authors present the case of a 51-year-old woman who was referred for surgical intervention for facial paralysis. Physical examination demonstrated a symmetric face at rest that became asymmetric when smiling. The asymmetry, evident by inappropriate inferior displacement of the lower lip, was secondary to unilateral contraction and presence of the depressor labii inferioris. The depressor anguli oris was symmetric bilaterally. Her presentation was consistent with congenital unilateral lower lip palsy. Results: Lidocaine was injected into the depressor labii inferioris on the side of the face that demonstrated unilateral presence and contraction. This resulted in symmetry of the smile and lower lip without untoward effect. Onabotulinum toxin A was thereafter injected into the depressor labii inferioris. In-office treatment with botulinum toxin injection resulted in a 4-month improvement in smile symmetry. Conclusion: Chemodenervation is a safe and minimally invasive method to improve smile symmetry and lower lip position in cases of congenital unilateral lower lip palsy.