bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female labor force participation, paid maternity, caste system and under-5 mortality in Nepal
Authors: Timilsina Kailash , Sawangdee Yothin , Hunchangsith Pojjana , Rittirong Jongjit 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The under-5 mortality rate in Nepal remains high in comparison to neighboring countries and developed nations. The result of this problem on Nepal’s social, economic, political and cultural development makes it an urgent priority requiring the Nepalese Government to address this issue. The purpose of this paper is to find out if Nepal’s high female labor force participation (FLFP), the caste system and no paid maternity leave are contributing factors to under-5 deaths in Nepal.

Design/methodology/approach
Data for this study were taken from Nepal’s cross-sectional demographic health survey 2016–2017. The study sample included 5,060 children born to 3,074 mothers in the five years preceding the survey. Data were collected by interviewing respondents via a structured questionnaire selected through stratified random sampling methods.

Findings
The study found that the hazard ratio for FLFP, the caste of the mother and paid maternity were 1.145, 1.485 and 0.556, respectively, with a p-value <0.001. Therefore, the risk of death in children under-5 years for a working mother, a Terai caste mother and a mother who did not get paid maternity was 14, 45 and 48 percent, respectively, higher than for non-working mothers, mothers from other castes and mothers who got paid maternity.

Originality/value
This research demonstrated that FLFP, the caste of the mother and paid maternity leave are important factors for determining the risk of death in children under the age of 5.
Prioritizing customer requirements in a product-service system (PSS) context
Authors: Haber Nicolas , Fargnoli Mario 
Published: January 2019

PurposeProduct-service systems (PSSs)’s popularity has expanded significantly throughout recent years. The purpose of this paper is to integrate products and services to achieve functional results that augment the offering’s value. Nevertheless, the intangibility of services hinders the diffusion of PSSs: services are characterized by imprecisions and ambiguities that render the assessment and prioritization of customer requirements problematic. An inadequate evaluation of the latter leads to an inconsistent PSS design that results in the customer dissatisfaction.Design/methodology/approachTo address these concerns, the paper proposes an approach integrating the quality function deployment for product-service systems (QFDforPSS) method with Thurstone’s Law of Comparative Judgments. This approach was tested at a manufacturer in the medical sector seeking to improve his market stance through a PSS model.FindingsAlthough the case study is based on a limited sample, the results achieved highlight the importance of the flow of information between the PSS provider and the customers (i.e. the PSS receivers) in the healthcare sector. The proposed approach can facilitate the company in collecting information even in the case of incomplete answers to surveys and questionnaires providing a practical method to handle the uncertainty due to incomplete data.Originality/valueThe study represents one of the first applications of the PSS approach in the healthcare sector, introducing a novel integration of easy-to-use management tools to augment the understanding of customer needs and expectations.
Estrogen dermatitis: Case report and examination of estrogen receptor‐β in the skin
Authors: Fukayama Maiko , Asano Yoshihide , Shinozaki‐Ushiku Aya , Sato Shinichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany women experience some skin reaction or trouble in their monthly menstrual cycle, including the exacerbation of pre‐existing diseases and skin eruptions directly associated with sex hormones. We herein report a Japanese woman who experienced repeated systemic urticaria in her premenstrual period, and was diagnosed as having estrogen dermatitis based on a positive result of intradermal estrogen skin test. Of note, the expression of estrogen receptor‐β was increased in small dermal vessels of this case as well as in those of patients with other inflammatory skin diseases. These results suggest that inflammation may induce estrogen receptor‐β expression in small dermal vessels, which potentially modifies the pathological skin inflammation during the menstrual period, leading to the development of estrogen dermatitis.
Evolution of heterophil/lymphocyte ratios in response to ecological and life‐history traits: A comparative analysis across the avian tree of life
Authors: Minias Piotr 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Lymphocytes and heterophils are the two most abundant leucocyte types, which play a major role in adaptive and innate immune defence, respectively. The ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L ratio) may reflect a readiness to cope with infection through injury (via heterophils) rather than with a communicable disease (via lymphocytes). Since elevated H/L ratio constitutes a corticosterone‐mediated response to external stressors, this trait is generally acknowledged as the robust measure of physiological stress in vertebrates.

Here, I hypothesized that baseline H/L ratios of birds (as measured under normal physiological function) could be an important evolutionary trait shaped by species’ ecology and life history. I predicted that H/L ratios should be determined by traits related to pathogen exposure (migratoriness, sociality, breeding latitude) and trade‐offs between investment in reproduction (clutch size) and self‐maintenance (longevity).

I compiled published data on leucocyte profiles for nearly 250 bird species representing over half of all extant avian orders and nearly 30% of all extant avian families. Phylogenetically informed comparative methods were used to assess evolutionary associations of H/L ratios with ecological and life‐history traits across the avian tree of life.

Relatively strong phylogenetic signal and phylogenetic autocorrelation in avian H/L ratios indicated that most diversification in this trait occurred relatively early in bird radiation. Fluctuating selection and drift were identified as the major forces responsible for the evolution of H/L ratios in birds, while low H/L ratios were identified as an ancestral state in birds. Finally, phylogenetically informed Bayesian models showed that H/L ratios correlated negatively with longevity and positively with sociality and breeding latitude.

This study was the first to describe the patterns of avian H/L ratio evolution in a broad phylogenetic framework. The results indicate that H/L ratios should not be merely recognized as a proxy for the intraspecific variation in physiological stress, but also as an important evolutionary trait, which probably have adaptive significance visible in a wider phylogenetic perspective.
Predicting common maternal postpartum complications: leveraging health administrative data and machine learning
Authors: Betts KS , Kisely S , Alati R 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveWe aimed to predict the risk of common maternal postpartum complications requiring an inpatient episode of care.Design and settingMaternal data from the beginning of gestation up to and including the delivery, and neonatal data recorded at delivery, were used to predict postpartum complications.SampleAdministrative health data of all inpatient live births (n = 422 509) in the Australian state of Queensland between January 2009 and October 2015.MethodGradient boosted trees were used with five‐fold cross‐validation to compare model performance. The best performing models for each outcome were then assessed in the independent validation data using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC‐ROC).Main outcome measurePostpartum complications occurring in the first 12 weeks after delivery requiring hospital admission.ResultsPostpartum hypertensive disorders obtained good discrimination in the independent validation data (AUC = 0.879, 95% CI 0.846–0.912), as did obstetric surgical wound infection (AUC = 0.856, 95% CI 0.838–0.873), whereas postpartum sepsis and haemorrhage obtained poor discrimination.ConclusionsOur study suggests that routinely collected health data have the potential to play an important role in helping determine women's risk of common postpartum complications leading to hospital admission. This information can be presented to clinical staff after delivery to help guide immediate postpartum care, delayed discharge, and post‐discharge patient follow up. For such a system to be effective and valued, it must produce accurate predictions, and our findings suggest areas where routine data collection could be strengthened to this end.Tweetable abstractImproved prediction of maternal postnatal hypertensive disorders and wound infection via machine learning.
Examining Both Sides of the Transaction: Bargaining in the Housing Market
Authors: Hayunga Darren K. , Munneke Henry J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines the bargaining power and information advantages of housing market participants with special interest in the outcomes of individuals compared to real estate agents. Prior studies examining agents’ sales of their own properties find that they obtain higher prices than their clients, which is notable because it suggests a possible conflict of interest. In addition to reexamining agents’ sales after correcting for a simultaneity issue, we consider agents’ purchases of their own properties as well as the sales and purchases of the other market participants. Agents’ purchases offer direct evidence of their ability to transact while in competition with other market participants without the potential conflict of interest. The results demonstrate that agents hold bargaining power relative to individuals. Companies (investors) also exhibit bargaining power over individuals, which seems to concentrate in vacant properties as well as during economic expansionary periods.
Microwave Processing: Current Background and Effects on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Aspects of Dairy Products
Authors: Martins Carolina P. C. , Cavalcanti Rodrigo N. , Couto Silvia M. , Moraes Jeremias , Esmerino Erick A. , Silva Marcia Cristina , Raices Renata S. L. , Gut Jorge A. W. , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Tadini Carmen C. , Cruz Adriano G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOverheating is still a major problem in the use of conventional heating for milk and various dairy products, because it leads to the lowering of quality and sensory and nutritional values. Microwave (MW) heating has been credited with providing superior‐quality dairy‐based products with extended shelf‐life, representing a good alternative to conventional heat treatment. The main drawback of MW heating refers to nonuniform temperature distribution, resulting in hot and cold spots mainly in solid and semisolid products; however, MW heating has been shown to be suitable for liquid foods, especially in a continuous fluid system. This review aims to describe the main factors and parameters necessary for the application of MW heating technology for dairy processing, considering the theoretical fundamentals and its effects on quality and safety aspects of milk and dairy products. MW heating has demonstrated great ability for the destruction of pathogenic/spoilage microorganisms and their spores, and also inactivation of enzymes, thereby preserving fresh characteristics of dairy products.
Appropriateness of adult plain abdominal radiograph requesting in a regional Emergency Department
Authors: Fernandez Michelle , Craig Simon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough commonly ordered, abdominal x‐rays are thought to be overused and unhelpful in many emergency department patients. Our objectives were to evaluate the appropriateness of plain abdominal X‐ray (AXR) requests in adult patients presenting to a Victorian regional emergency department (ED).MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of all adult patients with a plain AXR requested by ED medical staff members in a regional healthcare centre in Victoria, Australia in 2016. Patient demographics, ED disposition and any further imaging results were extracted from the medical record. Indications for X‐ray and clinician seniority were determined from the radiology request slips signed by the treating emergency doctor. Appropriateness of imaging was determined by comparing the indication for abdominal radiograph to local evidence‐based guidelines.ResultsOne hundred and nine episodes of plain AXR requests met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 40 were considered inappropriate according to clinical guidelines. Overall, 36% (39/109) had normal or non‐specific findings and 42% (46/109) demonstrated faecal loading, while 22% (24/109) identified pathology. Thirty‐three patients had further imaging, mostly with computed tomography (CT). Junior staff members were responsible for most of the AXR requests.ConclusionIn our regional hospital ED, over one third of AXRs requested for adult patients were inappropriate according to clinical guidelines. AXRs have a low diagnostic yield and frequently do not reduce the need for further imaging. The use of a clinical practice guideline and education of junior medical staff may increase the appropriate use of plain AXRs in the regional ED setting.
Post‐seafloor spreading magmatism and associated magmatic hydrothermal systems in the Xisha uplift region, northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Gao Jinwei , Bangs Nathan , Wu Shiguo , Cai Guanqiang , Han Shuoshuo , Ma Benjun , Wang Jiliang , Xie Yangbing , Huang Wenkai , Dong Dongdong , Wang Dawei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSubmarine magmatism and associated hydrothermal fluid flows has significant feedback influence on the petroleum geology of sedimentary basins. This study uses new seismic profiles and multibeam bathymetric data to examine the morphology and internal architecture of post‐seafloor spreading magmatic structures, especially volcanoes of the Xisha uplift, in extensive detail. We discover for the first time hydrothermal systems derived from magmatism in the northwestern South China Sea. Numerous solitary volcanoes and volcanic groups occur in the Xisha uplift and produce distinct seismic reflections together with plutons. Sills and other localized amplitude anomalies were fed by extrusions/intrusions and associated fluid flow through fractures and sedimentary layers that may act as conduits for magma and fluid flows transport. Hydrothermal structures such as pipes and pockmarks mainly occur in the proximity of volcanoes or accompany volcanic groups. Pipes, pockmarks and localized amplitude anomalies mainly constitute the magmatic hydrothermal systems, which are probably driven by post‐seafloor spreading volcanoes/plutons. The hydrothermal fluid flows released by magma degassing or/and related boiling of pore fluids/metamorphic dehydration reactions in sediments produced local overpressures, which drove upward flow of fluid or horizontal flow into the sediments or even seafloor. Results show that post‐seafloor spreading magmatic activity is more intense during a 5.5 Ma event than one in 2.6 Ma, whereas the hydrothermal activities are more active during 2.6 Ma than in 5.5 Ma. Our analysis indicates that post‐seafloor spreading magmatism may have a significant effect on hydrocarbon maturation and gas hydrate formation in the Xisha uplift and adjacent petroliferous basins. Consequently the study presented here improves our understanding of hydrocarbon exploration in the northwestern South China Sea.
Role Fulfillment Mediates the Association Between Daily Family Assistance and Cortisol Awakening Response in Adolescents
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Ivory Susannah , Lin Lynda C. , Muscatell Keely A. , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: January 2019

Family assistance (helping the family) is associated with both positive and negative psychological and biological outcomes during adolescence. However, the association between family assistance and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis remains unstudied. Thus, we assess how helping the family relates to adolescents’ diurnal cortisol, an index of HPA activity, and psychological outcomes. Three hundred and seventy ethnically diverse adolescents (ages 11–18) reported daily helping behaviors and psychological experiences for 14 days and provided four saliva samples per day for 4 days. Multilevel modeling revealed that cortisol awakening response was lower the day after adolescents helped their families more. This association was explained, in part, by perceived role fulfillment (feeling like a good son, daughter, and sibling). Results highlight a possible psychological and biological benefit of assisting the family during adolescence.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by topical ophthalmic medications: Keep an eye on it!
Authors: Gilissen Liesbeth , De Decker Lana , Hulshagen Toon , Goossens An 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by topical ophthalmic medications is often overlooked.ObjectivesTo study the demographic characteristics, lesion locations and associated medical conditions of the patients with ACD caused by ophthalmic drugs, and to identify the most common allergenic culprits, as well as trends in frequencies over the years.MethodsFrom January 1990 until December 2016, 16 065 patients were investigated in our clinic; all patients with a positive patch test reaction to an eye medication or its ingredient(s) having caused ACD were assessed. For each allergen identified, the number of positive test results as compared with the total number of those in the total population, as well as trends across three periods, namely 1990 to 1998, 1999 to 2007, and 2008 to 2016, were studied.ResultsOne hundred and eighteen patients (0.7%) presented with positive patch test reactions to ingredients of and/or topical ophthalmic medications. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, followed by corticosteroids, as pharmacologically active ingredients, as well as wool alcohols, thiomersal, and benzalkonium chloride, as excipients, were the most frequent culprits. Chloramphenicol showed a decreasing trend of positive reactions over time, whereas reactions to tobramycin increased.ConclusionACD caused by eye medication is mainly attributable to active principles, but other excipient ingredients, beside the products “as is,” should be tested as well.
Atypical myopathy‐associated hypoglycin A toxin remains in sycamore seedlings despite mowing, herbicidal spraying or storage in hay and silage
Authors: González‐Medina S. , Montesso F. , Chang Y.‐M. , Hyde C. , Piercy R. J. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundSeveral pasture management strategies have been proposed to avoid hypoglycin A (HGA) intoxication in horses, but their efficacy has never been investigated.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of mowing and herbicidal spraying on HGA content of sycamore seedlings and the presence of HGA in seeds and seedlings processed within haylage and silage.Study designExperimental study.MethodsGroups of seedlings were mowed (n = 6), sprayed with a dimethylamine‐based (n = 2) or a picolinic acid‐based herbicide (n = 1). Seedlings were collected before intervention, and at 48 h, 1 and 2 weeks after. Cut grass in the vicinity of mowed seedlings was collected pre‐cutting and after 1 week. Seeds and seedling (n = 6) samples processed within haylage and silage were collected. HGA concentration in samples was measured using a validated LC‐MS‐based method.ResultsThere was no significant decline in HGA content in either mowed or sprayed seedlings; indeed, mowing induced a temporary significant rise in HGA content of seedlings. HGA concentration increased significantly (albeit to low levels) in grass cut with the seedlings by 1 week. HGA was still present in sycamore material after 6–8 months storage within either hay or silage.Main limitationsRestricted number of herbicide compounds tested.ConclusionsNeither mowing nor herbicidal spraying reduces HGA concentration in sycamore seedlings up to 2 weeks after intervention. Cross contamination is possible between grass and sycamore seedlings when mowed together. Mowing followed by collection of sycamore seedlings seems the current best option to avoid HGA toxicity in horses grazing contaminated pasture. Pastures contaminated with sycamore material should not be used to produce processed hay or silage as both seedlings and seeds present in the bales still pose a risk of intoxication.
Stratification, nitrogen fixation, and cyanobacterial bloom stage regulate the planktonic food web structure
Authors: Loick‐Wilde Natalie , Fernández‐Urruzola Igor , Eglite Elvita , Liskow Iris , Nausch Monika , Schulz‐Bull Detlef , Wodarg Dirk , Wasmund Norbert , Mohrholz Volker 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChanges in the complexity of planktonic food webs may be expected in future aquatic systems due to increases in sea surface temperature and an enhanced stratification of the water column. Under these conditions, the growth of unpalatable, filamentous, N2‐fixing cyanobacterial blooms, and their effect on planktonic food webs will become increasingly important. The planktonic food web structure in aquatic ecosystems at times of filamentous cyanobacterial blooms is currently unresolved, with discordant lines of evidence suggesting that herbivores dominate the mesozooplankton or that mesozooplankton organisms are mainly carnivorous. Here, we use a set of proxies derived from amino acid nitrogen stable isotopes from two mesozooplankton size fractions to identify changes in the nitrogen source and the planktonic food web structure across different microplankton communities. A transition from herbivory to carnivory in mesozooplankton between more eutrophic, near‐coastal sites and more oligotrophic, offshore sites was accompanied by an increasing diversity of microplankton communities with aging filamentous cyanobacterial blooms. Our analyses of 124 biotic and abiotic variables using multivariate statistics confirmed salinity as a major driver for the biomass distribution of non‐N2‐fixing microplankton species such as dinoflagellates. However, we provide strong evidence that stratification, N2 fixation, and the stage of the cyanobacterial blooms regulated much of the microplankton diversity and the mean trophic position and size of the metabolic nitrogen pool in mesozooplankton. Our empirical, macroscale data set consistently unifies contrasting results of the dominant feeding mode in mesozooplankton during blooms of unpalatable, filamentous, N2‐fixing cyanobacteria by identifying the at times important role of heterotrophic microbial food webs. Thus, carnivory, rather than herbivory, dominates in mesozooplankton during aging and decaying cyanobacterial blooms with hitherto uncharacterized consequences for the biogeochemical functions of mesozooplankton.