bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Critical Illness: A Review of Scoring Tools
Authors: Asrani Varsha M. , Brown Annabelle , Huang Wei , Bissett Ian , Windsor John A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGastrointestinal dysfunction/failure (GDF) is a common feature of critical illness. There is no consensus on the best way to measure severity of GDF. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare all gastrointestinal dysfunction scoring tools (GDSTs) to determine aspects that might be useful to construct a new gut scoring tool for intensive care patients. A comprehensive database search of MEDLINE and EMBASE on GDSTs in acute, surgical, and critically ill patients was conducted. Extraction of data was conducted for study characteristics, GDST domains, feasibility of the scoring process, clinical outcomes, and quality of life attributes; independent authors conducted the search, applied the selection criteria, and extracted the data. Methodological quality of studies was assessed. A GDST matrix was created using 14 scoring tools and was evaluated for validity. The 14 GDSTs identified were used in different clinical settings, including critical illness, acute intestinal failure, gastrointestinal disorders, and postoperative patients. There was marked variation between these GDSTs. There is a lack of emphasis in the use of objective laboratory parameters and gut‐specific biomarkers to measure GDF in majority of the studies. The overall quality of evidence was poor, and most tools lacked formal validation. This review has highlighted the lack of an agreed and validated approach to scoring GDF in critical illness. The identified aspects of GDF relevant to critical illness should now be incorporated in a new scoring tool and prospectively tested in intensive care patients.
Bone formation following sinus grafting with an alloplastic biphasic calcium phosphate in Lanyu Taiwanese mini‐pigs
Authors: Hung Chao‐Chien , Fu Earl , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Liang Huang‐Chien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the new bone formation after grafting with a synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate in sinuses with minimal bone height, the alloplastic and xenograft materials were compared after grafting into Lanyu Taiwanese mini‐pig sinuses via split‐mouth design.MethodsIn six mini‐pigs, synthetic hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) particles were inserted into one of the sinus cavities using the extra‐oral approach, where deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particles were placed contralaterally. Fluorescent bony labels of Alizarin and Calcein green were delivered at weeks 4 and 8, respectively. Animals were sacrificed at week 12 and the augmented tissues were evaluated by cone‐beam computed tomography, microcomputed tomography, and histology.ResultsBy radiographic examination, the mean thicknesses of sinus cortexes for DBBM and HA/TCP groups were similar (0.35 versus 0.38 cm) and the mean volumes augmented were also indifferent (1.29 versus 1.64 cm3). The distributions of bones, residual particles, and non‐mineralized tissues in augmented masses between groups were undistinguishable. Under microscopy, however, macroporosities of osteons were filled with HA/TCP residual particles, whereas the newly formed bones lay on top of DBBM particle surfaces. Although the mineral deposition rates between groups were indifferent, the mean labeled surface in the HA/TCP group was significantly greater than those in the DBBM group at week 4 (35.16% versus 14.00% for HA/TCP and DBBM, respectively) but less than that at week 8 (19.33% versus 39.16%, respectively).ConclusionSinus augmentation with synthetic HA/TCP and DBBM exhibited similar effectiveness in new bone formation.
Understanding the effect of postharvest tomato temperatures on two toxigenic Alternaria spp. strains: growth, mycotoxins and cell‐wall integrity‐related gene expression
Authors: da Cruz Cabral Lucía , Rodríguez Alicia , Delgado Josué , Patriarca Andrea 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomato fruit is susceptible to Alternaria spp. spoilage. Correct postharvest management is necessary to prevent mold growth and mycotoxin accumulation, temperature being one of the main factors associated with these problems. The effect of different postharvest temperatures (5, 12, 25, and 35 °C) on growth, mycotoxin production, and stress‐related gene expression by two Alternaria spp. was assessed.RESULTSGrowth rates decreased rapidly when temperature was higher than the optimum (25 °C), while a gradual reduction was detected at lower temperatures. Tenuazonic acid (TeA) was strongly synthesized at all the temperatures that were evaluated, with a maximum between 12 and 25 °C. Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) was produced only at the two lowest temperatures, with a peak at 12 °C. Regarding the expression of the stress‐related RHO1 gene, during active fungal growth both Alternaria spp. showed more copies of the gene as temperature increased. At the stationary phase, RHO1 gene expression was significantly higher at 12 °C, coinciding with the highest accumulation of AME.CONCLUSIONChanges in temperature related to different postharvest stages of tomato fruits markedly affect toxigenic Alternaria spp. The highest levels of both mycotoxins were recorded at 12 °C, a common storage temperature for tomato fruit. An association between alternariol biosynthesis and the cell wall integrity pathway was also noticed in relation to temperature, suggesting that temperature may act as a stressor stimulating the RHO1 gene expression, which in turn triggers this mycotoxin synthesis. These results will be useful in developing new strategies to control Alternaria spoilage efficiently in tomato fruit and by‐products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional and sensory properties of pistachio nuts as affected by cultivar
Authors: Noguera‐Artiaga Luis , Salvador María D , Fregapane Giuseppe , Collado‐González Jacinta , Wojdyło Aneta , López‐Lluch David , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDModern agriculture allows farmers to choose among different cultivars of the same fruit to fulfill their agronomic needs and consumers' demands; however, there are only a few studies that describe and compare key functional and sensory properties of different pistachio cultivars. The main objective of this study was to compare eight pistachio cultivars by analyzing key functional properties (phenolic compounds, polymeric procyanidins, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of α‐amylase and β‐glucosidase), aromatic compounds with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and by examining their sensory properties with a trained panel.RESULTSA combination of LC‐PDA‐MS‐QTof (liquid chromatography photodiode array quadrupole time‐off flight mass spectrometry) and electrospray ionization was used to determine two phenolic acids, nine flavonols, one anthocyanin, and three flavan‐3‐ols in pistachio cultivars, with a total concentration ranging from 500 to 6065 mg 100 g−1 dry weight (dw). The total polymeric procyanidins concentrations oscillated between 348 and 5919 mg 100 g−1 dw, (−)‐epicatechin being the major monomer contributor. Pinene was the most abundant volatile compound (∼200 mg kg−1 dw), and, in the sensory analysis of samples, 23 sensory attributes were found to differ significantly among the cultivars.CONCLUSIONThe cultivar ‘Larnaka’ stood out as having the best functional profile (high polyphenolic content, high antioxidant activity, and high values of α‐amylase and β‐glucosidase inhibition), and the cultivars ‘Kastel’ and ‘Kerman’ showed the most attractive sensory properties, mainly the most intense flavor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of different strategies of Lactobacillus plantarum incorporation in chorizo sausages
Authors: Cavalheiro Carlos Pasqualin , Ruiz‐Capillas Claudia , Herrero Ana Maria , Jiménez‐Colmenero Francisco , Pintado Tatiana , de Menezes Cristiano Ragagnin , Fries Leadir Lucy Martins 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDChorizo is a high‐value Spanish‐type dry fermented sausage, highly appreciated by consumers. In this kind of product, Lactobacillus plantarum plays an important role in the fermentation process and can also be considered as a probiotic. The impact of different strategies for incorporating probiotic L. plantarum into the physico‐chemical, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics of chorizo sausages was studied. These strategies were: free cells (Cfc); alginate beads (Calg); water‐in‐oil emulsion (Cwo), and water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion (Cwow). Proximate composition, weight loss, pH, aw, color, and microbiological behavior were evaluated during the ripening (20 days) of chorizo.RESULTSThe strategy of incorporating L. plantarum significantly affected the proximate composition, pH, and aw of sausages. However, the traditional red color of chorizo was maintained for all formulations. The incorporation of probiotics as free cells or encapsulated in alginate beads resulted in higher counts of lactic acid bacteria and L. plantarum, lower counts of Enterobacteriaceae, and in acceptable sensory scores.CONCLUSIONOverall, the quality of chorizo sausages was conditioned by the incorporation strategy, and the addition of probiotics in alginate beads (Calg) was the most effective strategy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Content and bioavailability of trace elements and nutrients in grape pomace
Authors: Pérez Cid Benita , Muinelo Martínez María , Vázquez Vázquez Francisco A , Río Segade Susana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe possible agricultural use of grape pomace could be limited by the content and mobility of metals. This is influenced by many factors. In this study, the abundance and availability of heavy metals and essential nutrients were evaluated comprehensively in different grape pomace residues from winemaking of five white and red grape varieties, before and after the distillation process.RESULTSThe total metal content found in grape pomace skins and seeds confirmed that there was greater metal accumulation in skins than in the corresponding seeds, with the exception of Ca and Mg. The enrichment of all metals (except K) during the distillation stage was confirmed by means of a significant correlation (R = 0.996, P < 0.001) between the metal content obtained in distilled and undistilled samples. Regarding availability, multivariate statistical analysis showed different behavior among elements, but a great similarity for metal mobility in both distilled and undistilled grape pomace samples and in both skins and seeds, except for Mn, Zn and Mg.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in this study suggest the potential application of these grape residues as organic fertilizers for agricultural soils, without limitations resulting from heavy metal contamination. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of enzyme types on the stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions formed with rice protein hydrolysates
Authors: Pan Xin , Fang Yong , Wang Lingling , Xie Minhao , Hu Bing , Zhu Yiqing , Zhao Ermin , Pei Fei , Shen Fei , Li Peng , Shen Xinchun , Hu Qiuhui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommon oil‐in‐water plant‐based emulsions are allergenic and unstable to environmental stress, leading to increased consumer concerns about the food industry. To solve the problem of safety and instability, we investigated the influence of environmental stress on the stability of emulsions containing various rice protein hydrolysates, and compared the performance to whey protein, a common food emulsifier.RESULTSRice protein hydrolysates were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis with different proteases (neutrase, trypsin and alcalase). We evaluated the stability of emulsions produced with different hydrolysates according to storage, pH, ionic strength and thermal processing. Trypsin hydrolysates formed emulsion as stable as emulsion containing whey protein against a range of environmental stress containing pH (pH 6 to 7), salt (< 150 mmol L–1 NaCl) and temperature (30–90 °C). Moreover, a higher partition coefficient of protein in emulsion showed that the trypsin hydrolysates were easy to adsorb at the oil–water droplet interface, indicating its higher stability.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in the present study suggest that trypsin hydrolysates could be utilized as natural emulsifiers to stabilize emulsion instead of traditional animal‐based emulsifiers, opening many opportunities with respect to hypoallergenic emulsion systems in the food industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy of Behavioral Couples Therapy Versus Individual Recovery Counseling for Addressing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Women With Drug Use Disorders
Authors: Schumm Jeremiah A. , O'Farrell Timothy J. , Murphy Marie M. , Muchowski Patrice 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBehavioral couples therapy (BCT) for substance use disorder shares similar intervention strategies with empirically supported couples therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Like couples‐based PTSD therapies, BCT includes interventions that may help to improve PTSD, such as increasing positive behavioral exchanges and improving communication. Studies have yet to examine whether BCT, which has demonstrated efficacy for improving substance‐related outcomes, is efficacious for reducing PTSD. We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial comparing individually based treatment (IBT) to BCT plus IBT (BCT+IBT) for women with drug use disorders. Women in both conditions received 26 therapy sessions over 13 weeks. Women completed the PTSD Diagnostic Scale at baseline, posttreatment, and quarterly during the 1‐year follow‐up. Of the 61 women who were randomized to treatment, 51 (83.6%) reported a lifetime traumatic event. Of the 50 women who endorsed a “worst traumatic event,” 25 (50.0%) had a baseline PTSD diagnosis. The treatments did not differ on baseline PTSD severity or diagnosis. Women who received BCT+IBT had significant reductions in PTSD severity from baseline to each of four posttreatment follow‐ups, ds = 0.34–0.80; there were no changes in the IBT group. Generalized estimating equation results showed that women who received BCT+IBT had significantly lower PTSD severity during follow‐up versus those who received IBT, d = 0.35. There were no differences in the proportion of participants diagnosed with PTSD following treatment. This was the first study to show that BCT+IBT is efficacious for reducing PTSD among women with drug use disorders.
Moving Moral Injury Into the Future With Functional Contextualism: A Response to Nash's “Unpacking Two Models for Understanding Moral Injury” (2019)
Authors: Farnsworth Jacob K. , Borges Lauren M. , Walser Robyn D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn his commentary on the Journal of Traumatic Stress special issue on moral injury (Vol. 32, Issue 3), Nash (2019) critiques both Farnsworth's (2019) descriptive–prescriptive framework for differentiating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from moral injury and Farnsworth, Drescher, Evans, and Walser's (2017) functional contextual definition of moral injury and related concepts. To make his arguments, Nash contrasts these two frameworks with the Navy and Marine Corps Combat Operational Stress Control (COSC) model wherein moral stressors are presumed to cause literal damage to intrapsychic structures. Unfortunately, in drawing his comparisons, Nash makes several misstatements that we feel are important to clarify. We respond to Nash's commentary by first identifying the proper sources for the critiqued frameworks and correctly locate Farnsworth et al.’s functional contextual definition of moral injury within the domain of third‐wave cognitive behavioral therapies. We go on to compare and contrast the respective origins of the COSC and functional contextual models, noting important differences in their intended purposes. Next, we defend our model against Nash's critiques by highlighting how a functional contextual approach to moral injury (a) links with evolutionary science, (b) captures multiple levels of analysis, (c) is parsimonious, (d) serves diverse populations, (e) directly informs interventions, (f) promotes moral humility, and (g) decreases stigma while preserving client autonomy. In our conclusion, we recognize the value of the COSC model for its intended purposes while also encouraging deep and respectful dialogue among researchers and clinicians regarding the proposed benefits of the functional contextual model of moral injury.
Slide laryngotracheoplasty for congenital subglottic stenosis in newborns and infants
Authors: Rovó László , Erdélyi Eszter , Tóbiás Zoltán , Gál Péter , Szegesdi Ilona , Sztanó Balázs , Sandu Kishore , Bach Ádám 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesSubglottic stenosis is the most common laryngeal anomaly necessitating tracheostomy in early childhood. Crico‐ and laryngotracheal resection and laryngotracheal reconstruction—usually with autologous cartilage graft implantation—are the most effective treatments. These surgical techniques are obviously challenging in neonatal age and infancy. However, a reconstructive surgery performed at early age may prevent the sequel of complications.MethodsThe authors present their novel surgical method for congenital subglottic stenosis. Seven infants had inspiratory stridor; two of them had to be intubated and one required tracheostomy. Laryngotracheoscopy, CT or MRI revealed subglottic stenosis: Cotton‐Myer grade II in one, and grade III in six cases. Slide laryngotracheoplasty was performed before 5 months of age (10–130 days), with a follow‐up period of average 36 months (4–80 months). Phoniatry and quality of life questionnaire were used for evaluation of postoperative results.ResultsSlide laryngotracheoplasty in the neonatal age made the temporary tracheostomy unnecessary. All babies remained intubated for 3 to 10 days with an uncuffed tracheal tube. After extubation, no dyspnea or swallowing disorder occurred. A subjective quality of life questionnaire, laryngotracheoscopy, clinical growth charts showed satisfactory functional results.ConclusionsSingle‐stage slide laryngotracheoplasty might be a favorable solution for subglottic stenosis, even in early childhood. In one step, the airway can be maintained without stenting and tracheostomy.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:E199–E205, 2020
The effect of surgeon experience on tympanic membrane closure
Authors: Bedri Es‐hak , Worku Alemayehu , Redleaf Miriam 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveReview of the English language literature finds little documentation of the relation of otology or otolaryngology outcomes to a surgeon's age, years in practice, or numbers of cases previously performed. Because of one surgeon's adoption of a new tympanoplasty technique for uncomplicated tympanic membrane perforations, our institution was situated to report an example of a surgical learning curve with its outcome. Experience versus outcome is worth establishing objectively because these relationships reflect on training and certification.DesignThis retrospective review of the medical records tallied preoperative risk factors and perforation sizes for four consecutive 100‐blocks of double‐layer tympanoplasties.SettingAn otology specialty care facility in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsParticipants were 359 patients with tympanic membrane perforations without ossicular discontinuity or erosion who underwent 400 primary simple tympanoplasties.InterventionA double‐layer tympanoplasty was performed in each operation using an endaural approach.Outcome MeasuresThe outcomes were closure of the perforation and change in hearing.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the four 100‐block case cohorts in preoperative risk factors and perforation sizes. Preoperative, postoperative, and change of hearing were also the same between the four groups; and statistically there was no significant difference between the four 100‐block cohorts. Perforation closure for each successive 100‐block increased from 74% to 98%. The closure rates of the second, third, and fourth 100‐block were each statistically significantly different from the first 100‐block, but not from each other.ConclusionThis simple study demonstrates the surgical learning curve with increased surgeon experience, and is one of very few such documentations. With each additional 100 cases, the outcomes improved, and sheds light on the numbers of cases necessary for competency.Level of Evidence3
TASP1 mutation in a female with craniofacial anomalies, anterior segment dysgenesis, congenital immunodeficiency and macrocytic anemia
Authors: Balkin Daniel M. , Poranki Menitha , Forester Craig M. , Dorsey Morna J. , Slavotinek Anne , Pomerantz Jason H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThreonine Aspartase 1 (Taspase 1) is a highly conserved site‐specific protease whose substrates are broad‐acting nuclear transcription factors that govern diverse biological programs, such as organogenesis, oncogenesis, and tumor progression. To date, no single base pair mutations in Taspase 1 have been implicated in human disease.MethodsA female infant with a new pattern of diagnostic abnormalities was identified, including severe craniofacial anomalies, anterior and posterior segment dysgenesis, immunodeficiency, and macrocytic anemia. Trio‐based whole exome sequencing was performed to identify disease‐causing variants.ResultsWhole exome sequencing revealed a normal female karyotype (46,XX) without increased regions of homozygosity. The proband was heterozygous for a de novo missense variant, c.1027G>A predicting p.(Val343Met), in the TASP1 gene (NM_017714.2). This variant has not been observed in population databases and is predicted to be deleterious.ConclusionOne human patient has been reported previously with a large TASP1 deletion and substantial evidence exists regarding the role of several known Taspase 1 substrates in human craniofacial and hematopoietic disorders. Moreover, Taspase 1 deficiency in mice results in craniofacial, ophthalmological and structural brain defects. Taken together, there exists substantial evidence to conclude that the TASP1 variant, p.(Val343Met), is pathogenic in this patient.
Skin fibroblasts of patients with geleophysic dysplasia due to FBN1 mutations have lysosomal inclusions and losartan improves their microfibril deposition defect
Authors: Piccolo Pasquale , Sabatino Valeria , Mithbaokar Pratibha , Polishchuk Elena , Hicks John , Polishchuk Roman , Bacino Carlos A. , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundGeleophysic dysplasia (GPHYSD) is a disorder characterized by dysmorphic features, stiff joints and cardiac involvement due to defects of TGF‐β signaling. GPHYSD can be caused by mutations in FBN1, ADAMTLS2, and LTBP3 genes.Methods and ResultsConsistent with previous reports, we found intracellular inclusions of unknown material by electron microscopy (EM) in skin fibroblasts of two GPHYSD individuals carrying FBN1 mutations. Moreover, we found that the storage material is enclosed within lysosomes and is associated with the upregulation of several lysosomal genes. Treatment of GPHYSD fibroblasts carrying FBN1 mutations with the angiotensin II receptor type 1 inhibitor losartan that inhibits TGF‐β signaling did not reduce the storage but improved the extracellular deposition of fibrillin‐1 microfibrils.ConclusionLosartan is a promising candidate drug for treatment of GPHYSD due to FBN1 defects.