bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental drivers of ant species richness and composition across the Argentine Pampas grassland
Authors: Ramos Carolina S. , Isabel Bellocq M. , Paris Carolina I. , Filloy Julieta 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the underlying mechanisms causing diversity patterns is a fundamental objective in ecology and science‐based conservation biology. Energy and environmental‐heterogeneity hypotheses have been suggested to explain spatial changes in ant diversity. However, the relative roles of each one in determining alpha and beta diversity patterns remain elusive. We investigated the main factors driving spatial changes in ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) species richness and composition (including turnover and nestedness components) along a 500 km longitudinal gradient in the Pampean region of Argentina. Ants were sampled using pitfall traps in 12 sample sites during the summer. We performed a model selection approach to analyse responses of ant richness and composition dissimilarity to environmental factors. Then, we computed a dissimilarity partitioning of the contributions of spatial turnover and nestedness to total composition dissimilarity. Temporal habitat heterogeneity and temperature were the primary factors explaining spatial patterns of epigean ant species richness across the Pampas. The distance decay in species composition similarity was best accounted by temperature dissimilarity, and turnover had the greatest contribution to the observed beta diversity pattern. Our findings suggest that both energy and environmental‐heterogeneity‐related variables are key factors shaping richness patterns of ants and niche‐based processes instead of neutral processes appear to be regulating species composition of ant assemblages. The major contribution of turnover to the beta diversity pattern indicated that lands for potential reconversion to grassland should represent the complete environmental gradient of the Pampean region, instead of prioritizing a single site with high species richness.
Editorial: weighing the global risk of cancer with thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease—Authors' reply
Authors: Qiu X. Y. , Lu M. J. , Zhang H. J. 
Published: February 2018

Linked contentThis article is linked to Lu et al and Laharie and Riviere papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14436 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14475.
Body mass index and motor coordination: Non‐linear relationships in children 6–10 years
Authors: Lopes V. P. , Malina R. M. , Maia J. A. R. , Rodrigues L. P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundGiven the concern for health‐related consequences of an elevated body mass index (BMI; obesity), the potential consequences of a low BMI in children are often overlooked. The purpose was to evaluate the relationship between the BMI across its entire spectrum and motor coordination (MC) in children 6–10 years.MethodsHeight, weight, and MC (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder, KTK test battery) were measured in 1,912 boys and 1,826 girls of 6–10 years of age. BMI (kg/m2) was calculated. KTK scores for each of the four tests were also converted to a motor quotient (MQ). One‐way ANOVA was used to test differences in the BMI, individual test items, and MQ among boys and girls within age groups. Sex‐specific quadratic regressions of individual KTK items and the MQ on the BMI were calculated. Girls and boys were also classified into four weight status groups using International Obesity Task Force criteria: thin, normal, overweight, and obese. Differences in specific test items and MQ between weight status groups were evaluated by age group in each sex.ResultsThirty‐one percent of the sample was overweight or obese, whereas 5% was thin. On average, normal weight children had the highest MQ in both sexes across the age range with few exceptions. Overweight/obese children had a lower MQ than normal weight and thin children. The quadratic regression lines generally presented an inverted parabolic relationship between the BMI and MC and suggested a decrease in MC with an increase in the BMI.ConclusionIn general, BMI shows a curvilinear, inverted parabolic relationship with MC in children 6–10 years.
Bone mineral density in young adults with Prader‐Willi syndrome: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover GH trial
Authors: Donze Stephany H. , Kuppens Renske J. , Bakker Nienke E. , van Alfen‐van der Velden Janiëlle A.E.M. , Hokken‐Koelega Anita C.S. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryContextThe prevalence of osteoporosis is increased in adults with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS). In children with PWS, growth hormone (GH) treatment has beneficial effects on bone mineral density (BMD). BMD might deteriorate after cessation of GH at adult height (AH), while continuing GH might maintain BMD.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of GH vs placebo, and furthermore the effects of sex steroid replacement therapy (SSRT), on BMD in GH‐treated young adults with PWS who had attained AH.DesignTwo‐year, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover GH study.PatientsTwenty‐seven young adults with PWS were stratified for gender and BMI and then randomly and blindly assigned to receive GH (0.67 mg/m2/day) or placebo for 1 year, after which they crossed over to the alternative treatment for another year.MeasurementsBone mineral density of the total body (BMDTB) and lumbar spine (BMDLS) SDS were measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsAt AH, BMDTBSDS was significantly lower compared to healthy peers (P < .01), while BMADLSSDS was similar. Both BMDTBSDS and BMADLSSDS were similar during 1 year of GH vs 1 year of placebo. In hypogonadal young adults without SSRT, BMDTBSDS and BMADLSSDS decreased during the 2‐year study (P = .11 and P = .01), regardless of GH or placebo, while BMDTBSDS increased in those with SSRT (P < .01).ConclusionsCompared to GH treatment, 1 year of placebo after attainment of AH does not deteriorate BMD SDS in young adults with PWS. In addition, our data suggest that GH is not able to prevent the decline in BMD SDS in hypogonadal young adults with PWS, unless it is combined with SSRT.
Mechanism and spectrum of anti‐glycolipid antibody‐mediated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Kuwahara Motoi , Kusunoki Susumu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is composed of cellular and humoral immunities. Macrophages might play a crucial role in cellular immunity. In addition, autoantibodies participate in the pathogenesis of CIDP. To date, various autoantibodies have been reported to affect peripheral nerve myelin. Although antibodies to glycolipids are frequently identified in Guillain‐Barré syndrome and closely related to the development of neuropathies, these are detected in only a small percentage of CIDP instances. Among glycolipids, sialosylneolactotetraosylceramide (LM1) is predominantly localized in human peripheral nerve myelin. LM1‐related antibodies (e.g. anti‐LM1, GM1/LM1 and GD1b/LM1 antibodies) are detected in some patients with CIDP and Guillain‐Barré syndrome. CIDP patients with those antibodies frequently present ataxia, but rarely have cranial nerve deficits; these features are associated with the localization of LM1, which is more abundant in the dorsal root than the cranial nerves. In immunoglobulin M paraproteinemic neuropathies, except for the anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein neuropathies, antibodies to glycolipids with disialosyl residues, such as GD1b and GQ1b, are also detected on occasion. Notably, this feature is clinically characterized by chronic ataxic neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, immunoglobulin M paraprotein, cold agglutinins and disialosyl antibodies. Such clinical features are related to the localization of GD1b or GQ1b in human peripheral nerves. Overall, these correlations suggest a direct involvement of the antibodies in the pathogenesis of those aforementioned neuropathies.
A global analysis of management capacity and ecological outcomes in terrestrial protected areas
Authors: Geldmann Jonas , Coad Lauren , Barnes Megan D. , Craigie Ian D. , Woodley Stephen , Balmford Andrew , Brooks Thomas M. , Hockings Marc , Knights Kathryn , Mascia Michael B. , McRae Louise , Burgess Neil D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProtecting important sites is a key strategy for halting the loss of biodiversity. However, our understanding of the relationship between management inputs and biodiversity outcomes in protected areas (PAs) remains weak. Here, we examine biodiversity outcomes using species population trends in PAs derived from the Living Planet Database in relation to management data derived from the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) database for 217 population time‐series from 73 PAs. We found a positive relationship between our METT‐based scores for Capacity and Resources and changes in vertebrate abundance, consistent with the hypothesis that PAs require adequate resourcing to halt biodiversity loss. Additionally, PA age was negatively correlated with trends for the mammal subsets and PA size negatively correlated with population trends in the global subset. Our study highlights the paucity of appropriate data for rigorous testing of the role of management in maintaining species populations across multiple sites, and describes ways to improve our understanding of PA performance.
Paternalism, Nudging and Liberty
Authors: Snowdon Christopher 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe recent popularity of ‘nudge’ – involving governments structuring choices to lead individuals to choose outcomes which policymakers wish to encourage – has given rise to a belief that ‘libertarian paternalism’ offers a modern substitute for classical liberalism. But most governments are more paternalistic and less libertarian than nudge theorists. If ‘nudge’ was taken seriously, many existing laws would be repealed and few new laws would be made.
Why Does the Negotiable Certificate of Deposit Matter for Chinese Banking?
Authors: Liu Kerry 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Negotiable Certificate of Deposit (NCD) is a major financial instrument in China; the value of outstanding Chinese NCDs was approximately RMB8 trillion (equivalent to USD1.2 trillion) in mid‐2017. This article reviews the most recent developments in the Chinese NCD, including its effect on interest rate pass‐through and money creation. Empirical results show that the introduction of the NCD in 2014 influenced the relationship between the policy rate and the lending rate of Chinese commercial banks, and the interest rate pass‐through from the policy rate to the lending rate of commercial banks improved subsequently. However, this process has also been accompanied by maturity mismatch, increasing leverage, and decreasing credit ratings for the assets of banks and other financial institutions. Consequently, systemic risk in the Chinese banking system has increased.
Competing for blood: the ecology of parasite resource competition in human malaria–helminth co‐infections
Authors: Budischak Sarah A. , Wiria Aprilianto E. , Hamid Firdaus , Wammes Linda J. , Kaisar Maria M. M. , van Lieshout Lisette , Sartono Erliyani , Supali Taniawati , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Graham Andrea L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEcological theory suggests that co‐infecting parasite species can interact within hosts directly, via host immunity and/or via resource competition. In mice, competition for red blood cells (RBCs) between malaria and bloodsucking helminths can regulate malaria population dynamics, but the importance of RBC competition in human hosts was unknown. We analysed infection density (i.e. the concentration of parasites in infected hosts), from a 2‐year deworming study of over 4000 human subjects. After accounting for resource‐use differences among parasites, we find evidence of resource competition, priority effects and a competitive hierarchy within co‐infected individuals. For example reducing competition via deworming increased Plasmodium vivax densities 2.8‐fold, and this effect is limited to bloodsucking hookworms. Our ecological, resource‐based perspective sheds new light into decades of conflicting outcomes of malaria–helminth co‐infection studies with significant health and transmission consequences. Beyond blood, investigating within‐human resource competition may bring new insights for improving human health.
The immediate and short‐term effects of bilateral intrahippocampal depth electrodes on verbal memory
Authors: Helmstaedter Christoph , Gielen Gerrit H. , Witt Juri‐Alexander 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn contrast to previous studies, Ljung et al. provide evidence of permanent cognitive consequences of bilateral intrahippocampal depth electrodes for verbal memory in patients who were not operated or operated in the right temporal lobe. Stimulated by this, we provide historical confirmatory and supplementary evidence of the detrimental effect of bilateral depth electrodes implanted along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus on verbal learning and especially on delayed verbal memory and recognition performance. This is demonstrated in 31 patients with memory assessments before implantation, after explantation, and 3 months later after left/right temporal lobe surgery. After surgery, significant recovery from postimplantation impairment is found in right temporal patients. Left temporal resection patients stay on the level seen after implantation and do not recover. Surgery, however, has its own effects in addition to the implantation. Intracranial electrodes for electroencephalographic monitoring or electrical stimulation are commonly and increasingly used for diagnosis or treatment in pharmacoresistant epilepsies. Thus, the monitoring of invasive stereotactic approaches is recommended to find safe procedures for the patients. In response to the findings, we restricted indications and used different implantation schemes, different trajectories, and targets to minimize the risk of additional damage.
The Parental Stress Scale: Psychometric Properties in Families of Children With Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Zelman Jessica J. , Ferro Mark A. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo confirm the factor structure of the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) and examine its validity in parents whose children have chronic health conditions.BackgroundParents who have a child with a chronic illness report more stress than parents of healthy children. However, information is lacking on whether the PSS demonstrates adequate psychometric properties in this population.MethodData came from a convenience sample of 50 parents whose children (aged 6–16 years) were newly diagnosed with asthma, diabetes, epilepsy, food allergy, or juvenile arthritis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to replicate the factor structure of the PSS. Analyses were bootstrapped to reduce potential sample bias.ResultsThe factor structure of the PSS was validated and demonstrated adequate internal consistency, α = .84. There was evidence of convergent validity with family functioning, r = –.51, parental anxiety, r = .44, and depression, r = .35. Discriminant analyses showed low, nonstatistical correlations with domains of child quality of life, r = –.07 to –.18. The PSS did not differentiate between those with and without psychiatric disorders.ConclusionThe PSS is valid and reliable in parents of children with chronic health conditions.ImplicationsHaving established robust psychometric properties of the PSS, research is needed to extend its utility and routine use in clinical and public health settings.
Recovery of plankton from hurricane impacts in a large shallow lake
Authors: Ji Gaohua , Havens Karl E. , Beaver John R. , East Therese L. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

We quantified recovery of plankton in a large subtropical shallow lake from the catastrophic impacts of three successive major hurricanes. This assessment was possible because hurricanes passed directly over the lake amid an ongoing long‐term sampling programme that included nearly all components of the plankton, from bacteria to crustacean zooplankton.

We compared attributes of plankton 5 years after the hurricanes to a pre‐hurricane period and to a period immediately after the storms. We evaluated both community‐level properties (biomass, biomass ratios, diversity, and dominance of major plankton groups) and species‐level properties (species absolute and relative biomass) at four sites in the lake representing different ecological zones.

The hurricanes strongly affected water quality and plankton community structure. The lake experienced a regime shift, losing its submerged aquatic vegetation and becoming homogenous and turbid at all sampled sites.

Five years after the storms, chemical and physical conditions recovered across the lake, with a few exceptions. Between 35 and 93 plankton species were lost at the sampling sites, with greatest losses in the phytoplankton. Relative species biomass displayed substantive changes too. Daphnia ambigua did not recover at three of the sites, Polyarthra vulgaris greatly increased lake‐wide, and at a central pelagic site, there was a total loss of heterotrophic nano‐flagellates and a much higher biomass of diatoms than before the hurricanes, despite recovery of irradiance, depth, nutrient levels and other attributes.

Most community‐level properties were resilient, returning to pre‐hurricane conditions of total biomass, ratios of autotrophs to heterotrophs and ratios of protozoa to metazoa. This likely happened because of species compensation in the biodiverse community. The exception was at a central pelagic site, where the community‐level properties did not recover and nearly 50 per cent of species were lost.

The community resilience, despite a regime shift, may have occurred because of a controlled lowering of water levels in the lake for flood protection, which led to regrowth of lost submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and migration of mud sediments back towards mid‐lake.

In this lake and others with a history of high nutrient inputs, shallow depth and flocculent sediments, resilience may be low unless counter‐acting forces are able to push the system back after a regime shift.
On the advantages and disadvantages of being the first mover under rules of k names
Authors: Barberà Salvador , Coelho Danilo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRules of k names are methods that allow two potentially conflicting parties to share the power to appoint officers. One of the parties (the proposer) selects k candidates from a larger pool, and then the other party (the chooser) selects the winner from this restricted list. We investigate conditions under which the two parties could agree ex ante on the distributions of roles, one of them preferring to be the chooser and the other preferring to be the proposer. We show that this may not always be possible, and discuss what are the relevant characteristics of the environments where agreement can be reached.
Suzumura‐consistent relations: An overview
Authors: Bossert Walter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a brief introduction to the use and usefulness of Suzumura consistency, a coherence requirement for binary relations that weakens transitivity. The property was introduced by Suzumura in the context of collective choice but, as demonstrated in some recent contributions, its applicability reaches beyond the boundaries of social‐choice theory. In addition to a summary of its mathematical underpinnings, some recent applications in individual and collective decision‐making are provided. Several examples are employed to illustrate the property and how it distinguishes itself from alternative weakenings of transitivity such as quasi‐transitivity or acyclicity.
Role of computed tomography‐calculated intraparenchymal tumor volume in assessment of patients undergoing partial nephrectomy
Authors: Tiwari Raj Vikesh , Ho Chia Ming , Huang Hong Hong , Ho Henry Sun Sien , Sim Allen Soon Phang 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the complexity of renal masses by using an objective novel imaging parameter (intraparenchymal tumor volume) based on computed tomography scans, to correlate this parameter to perioperative outcomes and to the RENAL nephrometry score.MethodsAfter institutional review board approval, 87 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy between 2012 and 2016 at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative computed tomography intravenous pyelogram scans were reviewed by a single senior radiologist who calculated the intraparenchymal tumor volume. Once the intraparenchymal tumor volume scores were obtained, they were compared with perioperative renal and surgical outcomes, and nephrometry scores. Furthermore, intraparenchymal tumor volume was subdivided into two categories, low and high intraparenchymal tumor volume, both using the 89th percentile.ResultsThe mean patient age was 60 years, and the mean tumor size was 2.9 cm. The mean nephrometry score was 7.8, and the mean intraparenchymal tumor volume score was 12.7 cm³. The cut‐off for high intraparenchymal tumor volume was >27.26 cm³. As a continuous variable, intraparenchymal tumor volume showed a significant relationship with the percentage of creatinine change (P = 0.009) and nephrometry scores (P < 0.001). As a categorical variable, high intraparenchymal tumor volume showed significance when compared with absolute creatinine change (P = 0.018), percentage of creatinine change (P = 0.004) and nephrometry score (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIntraparenchymal tumor volume represents a novel objective tool based on computed tomography imaging to determine the complexity of a renal mass. This tool correlates with renal functional outcomes of partial nephrectomy, and it also shows good correlation with RENAL nephrometry score.
Leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin block for bone augmentation procedure: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Cortellini Simone , Castro Ana B. , Temmerman Andy , Van Dessel Jeroen , Pinto Nelson , Jacobs Reinhilde , Quirynen Marc 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThe objective of this proof‐of‐concept study was to investigate the effects of a new guided bone regeneration technique with a tissue engineering approach.Materials and MethodsThis single cohort observational study evaluated the outcome of the leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) Block for horizontal bone augmentation in the maxilla. The L‐PRF Block is prepared by mixing a particulated biomaterial with chopped L‐PRF membranes at a 50:50 ratio and adding liquid fibrinogen to glue all together. Horizontal augmentation was assessed linearly and volumetrically immediately after surgery and 5–8 months later by matching consecutive cone beam computed tomography (CBCTs).ResultsTen patients (mean age of 50.7 years [±17.2]) representing 15 sites with horizontal alveolar deficiencies were included. Superimposition of pre‐operative and posthealing CBCT scans showed an average linear horizontal bone gain of 4.6 mm (±2.3), 5.3 mm (±1.2) and 4.4 mm (±2.3), measured at 2, 6 and 10 mm from the alveolar crest, respectively. The volumetric gain was 1.05 cm3 (±0.7) on average. The resorption rate after 5–8 months was 15.6% (±6.7) on average.ConclusionsL‐PRF Block may be a suitable technique to augment deficient alveolar ridges.