bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of providing a box, or partially covering the cage front, on reducing cat stress
Authors: Wright Charlie , Baugh Stephen 
Published: July 2018

Background:To reduce stress of hospitalised cats, literature advises providing cats with the opportunity to hide using either a box, or partially covering the cage front. While studies have found benefits of the box method, there is currently no evidence for efficacy of the partial cover.Aim:To investigate whether providing hospitalised cats with either a box or a partial towel cover to the front of the cage reduced stress levels, and whether each of these methods was sufficient in prodiving hiding opportunity.Methods:To investigate this, 42 healthy pet cats that were admitted to a veterinary practice for routine neutering were provided with either a hide box, a partial towel cover to the front of the cage or neither treatment. Behavioural observations were taken for 60 minutes recording: 1) Kessler and Turner's Cat Stress Score (CSS), 2) Location within the cage, 3) Hide seeking behaviour, and 4) Use of treatment.Results:The results showed a significant difference in CSS between cats with a box and the control cats (p=0.007), but not between cats with towel cover and the control cats (p=0.069). There was no significant difference in CSS between box cats and towel cats (p=0.406), but those with a box hid in it 68% of the time, significantly more than the towel cats used the towel (n=30%) (p=0.027). There was a significant difference in hide seeking behaviour between all treatments (p=0.016). A positive correlation was found between CSS and hide seeking behaviour within all groups (rs=0.673), and this was stronger when analysed in control cats only (rs=0.829).Conclusions:Findings suggest that a box provides opportunity to hide and appears to reduce behavioural signs of stress. Though a partial cover may also help, there is not significant evidence for its efficacy in providing hiding opportunity or reducing stress.
Öğrenci - Öğretmen İlişki Ölçeği-Kısa Formunun Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması
Authors: ŞAHİN ASI Derya , OACAK KARABAY Şakire 
Published: July 2018

Öğretmenin belli
bir öğrenciyle kurduğu ilişkiyi rapor ettiği, alanda yaygın olarak kullanılan
güvenilir ve geçerli nadir ölçme araçlarından biri, Pianta (1998, 2001)
tarafından geliştirilen ve orijinal adı Student – Teacher Relationship Scale
(STRS) olan “Öğrenci-Öğretmen İlişki Ölçeği” dir. Bu çalışmada son yıllarda
pratikliği nedeniyle alanda yaygın biçimde kullanılmaya başlanan
“Öğrenci-Öğretmen İlişki Ölçeği- Kısa Formu” nun Türkiye’deki geçerlik ve
güvenirlik bulgularına ilişkin bir uyarlama yapılmıştır. Kolay ulaşılabilir
örnekleme yoluyla amaca uygun olarak belirlenen 22 kurum, 830 çocuk ve
ölçekleri dolduran 165 öğretmen ile çalışma yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin kısa formu
15 maddelik, yakınlık ve çatışma alt boyutlarını içeren 5’ li likert tipi bir
ölçektir. Yapılan güvenirlik analizleri sonunda, iç tutarlılık kat sayısı
toplam puan açısından (cronbach alfa) .82 olarak bulunmuştur. Alt ölçekler boyutunda değerlendirildiğinde
çatışma alt ölçeği iç tutarlık katsayısı .84, yakınlık alt ölçeği iç tutarlık
katsayısı ise. 76 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayıları çatışma alt ölçeği için .87,
yakınlık alt ölçeği için .83, ve toplam puanda .83 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Ölçekte yer alan 15 madde iki faktörlü yapıya zorlandığında ortaya çıkan bulgular
ölçeğin orijinal kısa formundaki iki faktörlü yapısının korunduğunu
göstermektedir. Ayrıca doğrulayıcı faktör analizine ilişkin bulgular öğrenci
-öğretmen ilişki ölçeğinin doğrulayıcı yapı geçerliğinin sağlandığını
göstermektedir.
Chromosomal Aberrations Associated with Sequential Steps of the Metastatic Cascade in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Joosse Simon A , Souche François-Régis , Babayan Anna , Gasch Christin , Kerkhoven Ron M , Ramos Jeanne , Fabre Jean-Michel , Riethdorf Sabine , König Alexandra , Wikman Harriet , Alix-Panabières Catherine , Pantel Klaus 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Genomic information can help to identify colorectal tumors with high and low metastatic potential, thereby improving prediction of benefit of local and/or systemic treatment. Here we investigated chromosomal aberrations in relation to the different stages of the metastatic cascade: dissemination of tumor cells into the mesenteric vein, metastatic outgrowth in the liver, intravasation of the peripheral blood circulation, and development of further distant metastasis.

METHODS
Peripheral and mesenteric blood from colorectal cancer patients (n = 72) were investigated for circulating tumor cells, and DNA extracted from their primary tumors was subjected to array comparative genomic hybridization profiling. The results were validated with an independent set of primary colorectal tumors (n = 53) by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

RESULTS
Mesenteric intravasation and liver metastasis were correlated with losses of chromosomes 16p (72%), 16q (27%), and 19 (54%), gain along 1q31 (45%) and 20q (60%), tumor cell infiltration into the peripheral blood circulation, and further distant metastasis with gain of chromosome 8q (59%) and 12 (47%, P &lt; 0.01). Chromosome 12 gain was associated with poor overall survival in the initial (2.8 vs &gt;7 years) and validation cohort (3.3 vs &gt;6 years). The prospective study presented here is a hypothesis-generating study and confirmation with larger cohorts is required.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study that investigated colorectal cancer in its different stages of metastasis in correlation with copy number changes of the primary tumor. This information might be helpful to identify patients with limited metastatic spread who may profit from liver metastasis resection and may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Microarray data have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus and are accessible through GEO Series accession number GSE82228.
Mineral'naya plotnost' kosti i pokazatelikostnogo metabolizma u muzhchin s sindromomgiperprolaktinemii razlichnogo geneza
Authors: Giniyatullina E. N. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Dzeranova L. K. , Mokrysheva N. G. , Sazonova N. I. , Kolesnikova G. S. , Dobracheva A. D. , Goncharov N. P. 
Published: July 2018

Hypogonadism is the most popular cause of BMD decreasing not only in women, but also in men. There are several studies showed a correlation between duration of hypogonadism and BMD reducing degree.
Despite wide light exposure of osteoporosis problem at women with hyperprolactinemia, there are a few researches devoted to the same question at men.
The aim of our study was to assess the biochemical parameters of bone metabolism and the bone mineral density (BMD) in men with tumoral and not tumoral hyperprolactinemia.
In 24 men with hyperprolactinemia and 17 healthy controls we evaluated BMD, serum osteocalcin (OK) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), as well as calcium total, ionized calcium and alkaline phosphatase. All men with hyperprolactinemia were also studied after 24 months of cabergoline treatment.
The results showed significant differences between study groups in BMD of vertebra and femur bone (p = 0,000052 up = 0,002718). We confirm increasing of BMD in vertebra and femur bone after cabergoline treatment (p = 0,003 и p = 0,027).
Trends in optical design from 1988 to 2018… where to from here?
Authors: Livshits Irina L. , Dilworth Donald C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Much experience in practical optical systems design (over 40 years for each author) gives us the perspective to discuss recent trends in advanced optical technologies. We give an ontology of its development and try to make a forecast for the near future, which will be useful for beginners as well as professionals in this complex field.
Synthesis of high surface area magnesia by using walnut shell as a template
Authors: Zamani Asghar , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad , Abedi Mehmandar Mojtaba 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the present study, high surface area amorphous magnesia was synthesized using walnut shell as a template. This green, simple and useful synthetic protocol was based on the precipitation of magnesium nitrate on biomass in an aqueous phase, followed by calcination. Materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption/desorption porosimetry, and the results exhibited high surface area for magnesium oxide. Furthermore, the pore size and surface area of these mesoporous materials can be adjusted by varying the biomass/magnesium nitrate ratio. In addition, magnesium oxide was studied as the support of palladium nanoparticles for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. We have found out that the resulting Pd-loaded material acts as an effective catalytic system for the aerobic oxidation of benzylic and aliphatic alcohols. The catalyst can be recovered and reused three times without loss of activity. Also, to test the catalytic activity of magnesium oxides as a solid catalyst, we selected Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction of cyclohexanone with 2-propanol over different magnesium oxides.
Host cell-surface proteins as substrates of gingipains, the main proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Hočevar Katarina , Potempa Jan , Turk Boris 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Gingipains are extracellular cysteine proteases of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and are its most potent virulence factors. They can degrade a great variety of host proteins, thereby helping the bacterium to evade the host immune response, deregulate signaling pathways, trigger anoikis and, finally, cause tissue destruction. Host cell-surface proteins targeted by gingipains are the main focus of this review and span three groups of substrates: immune-regulatory proteins, signaling pathways regulators and adhesion molecules. The analysis of published data revealed that gingipains predominantly inactivate their substrates by cleaving them at one or more sites, or through complete degradation. Sometimes, gingipains were even found to initially shed their membrane substrates, but this was mostly just the first step in the degradation of cell-surface proteins.
Effect of B2O3 on Slag-Metal Reaction between CaO-Al2O3-Based Mold Flux and High Aluminum Steel
Authors: Li Jiangling , Kong Bowen , Jiang Lijun , Jia Dezhao , Ren Shan , Yang Jian , Liu Qingcai , Shu Qifeng , Chou Kuochih 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effect of B2O3 on slag-metal reaction between CaO-Al2O3-based mold flux and high aluminum steel was investigated. The results showed that the addition of 5 % B2O3, the slag-metal reaction hardly occurred. When the content of B2O3 was increased, the reaction rate increased rapidly. This indicated if only considering the slag-metal reaction, it’s better for high aluminum steel casting if the addition content of B2O3 is less than 5%. The chemical reaction was greatly influenced by the reaction time. With higher content of aluminum ([Al]=0.1 %), the early stage of reaction was greatly affected by the reaction time, and furtherly, the influence was decreased. When the aluminum content was increased, the effect of [Al] on the slag-metal reaction was comparatively small in the initial 10 min, and the content of [B] was increased slightly. But when the reaction time increased to 1 hour, the slag-metal reaction acutely occurred, and the content of [B] increased rapidly.
An Automated Computer System Based on Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Systems for Lung Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Alharbi Abir 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
An automated system for the diagnosis of lung cancer is proposed in this paper, the system is designed by combining two major methodologies, namely the fuzzy base systems and the evolutionary genetic algorithms (GAs), to be employed on lung cancer data to assist physicians in the early detection of lung cancers, and hence obtain an early automated diagnosis complementary to that by physicians. Our hybrid algorithm, the genetic-fuzzy algorithm, has produced optimized diagnosis systems that attain high classification performance, in fact, our best six rule system obtained a 97.5 % accuracy, with simple and well interpretive rules, with 93 % degree of confidence, and without the need for dimensionality reduction. The results on real data indicate that the proposed system is very effective in the diagnosis of lung cancer and can be used for clinical applications.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(5-carboxy-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylato-κ2
N,O)zinc(II), C12H14N4O10Zn
Authors: Xiao-Ling Li , Ru-Meng Zhang , Li Liu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C6H7N2O5Zn0.5, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 9.0277(4) Å, b = 12.0102(5) Å, c = 15.3939(5) Å, β = 95.040(3)°, V = 1662.62(11) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0242, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0637, T = 292(1) K.
Process Tracing in Evaluating Innovation in Sub-Regional Governance. Case Study of Selected Integrated Territorial Investments in Poland
Authors: Wiktorska-Święcka Aldona 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Integrated Territorial Investments (ITIs) are a new integration tool that binds the thematic objectives defined operational programmes with the territorial dimension. Due to their formula, ITIs may be seen as a kind of innovation in sub-regional governance. The European Commission considers them as an opportunity to introduce solutions that can be effective in facing the challenges of contemporary development on a supra-local scale. Accordingly, they should be regarded as a possibility for Member States to activate innovative governance arrangements that will allow for the implementation of projects, which - depending on the country - more or less reflect issues indicated by the Commission as a priority. In Poland, the Integrated Territorial Investments are implemented in 24 functional areas. Due to a new approach to cities and their role in development processes in the country, they can mean a new opening for the urban policy and urban development. Concentrating on innovative governance arrangements, the aim of this paper is to analyze selected case studies of 4 ITIs implemented by large (more than 500,000 inhabitants) provincial cities: Wrocław, Łódź, Gdańsk, Katowice, which are capitals of regions in which one defined a different development potential. Th e analysis will allow the formulation of answers to the following research questions: • Are there any innovative governance arrangements indicated during ITIs implementation? • What are the implemented modes of sub-regional governance? • What is the role and importance of institutional actors in the process of ITIs governance? • What are their new competences linked to the ITIs implementation? • Are there any new products/services related to innovation in sub-regional governance? • Do ITIs consider principles of “good governance” a one of key factors of innovation in governance? Th e paper contains key definitions and points out processes related to the transition of modes of governance at the sub-regional level. It also indicates further challenges in Polish territorial development upon Europeanisation.
Study of the redistribution of U, Zr, Nb, Tc, Mo, Ru, Fe, Cr, and Ni between oxide and metallic phases in the matrix of a multiphase Chernobyl hot-particle extracted from a soil sample of the Western Plume
Authors: Pöml Philipp , Burakov Boris 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A “hot particle” found 6 km west of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant 4 years after the Chernobyl severe nuclear accident was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe micro-analysis. The matrix of the particle consists of relics of partly molten UO2 nuclear fuel and two different phases of solidified U–Zr–O melt (U0.77Zr0.23O2 and U0.67Zr0.33O2). The particle also contains a unique metallic inclusion of a size of 30×22 μm. The inclusion is non-homogeneous and in some parts shows a dendrite-like structure. It consists of about 38 wt.% Fe, about 10 wt.% U, Mo, and Nb, about 5 wt.% Ru, Zr, Ni, and Cr, and small amounts of Tc (2 wt.%) and Si (0.4 wt.%). The presence of partly molten nuclear fuel suggests a local temperature exceeding 2850 °C. The metallic inclusion most likely formed when steel, fuel, and cladding reacted together and molten steel incorporated U, Zr, Nb, Tc, Mo, and Ru from molten fuel and cladding during a very fast high-temperature process. Fast quenching of the metallic and the oxide melt left no time for Tc and Mo to evaporate. Molten Zr was partly oxidised and acted as a buffer for O which caused the reduction of a fraction of the U. The data of this study support the previously reported supercritical nature of the Chernobyl explosion.
Everyday Life and Lifestyles of Social Classes in Montenegro
Authors: Djukanović Borislav 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The author analyses the everyday life and lifestyles of social classes in Montenegro based on a survey conducted on a randomized, proportional, and stratified sample of 805 respondents. The survey covers the topics: consumption; family and professional life; citizens’ attitudes towards society and the state; leisure time; cultural practices; value orientations; time management; and general satisfaction with various aspects of life. The theoretical approach accords with Pierre Bourdieu’s. The everyday life of the Montenegrins emerges as having the following characteristics: restriction to necessities only in purchases; high deprivation; family conflicts brought about by poor financial circumstances; stereotypical leisuretime activities; a low opinion of governmental and social institutions fuelled by perceptions of nepotism and job allocation based on political party membership; differentiation of cultural practices from the dominant mass culture; value confusion; and a focus on everyday routines. The basic line of differentiation turns out to be social class, as all the listed characteristics are much more pronounced in the lower social strata.
Economic Inequalities in Montenegro
Authors: Petrović Irena 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The author analyses economic inequalities among the main social groups in Montenegro at the end of the socialist system and during the postsocialist transformation. Economic inequalities are analysed based on an economic status index, which is a composite index made up of multiple indicators: income, consumption, and asset ownership. The empirical basis for the analysis are survey results from 1989, 2003, and 2015. The findings show that there were economic inequalities during the entire period. In the late 1980s, the economic differentiation of social classes was very pronounced, despite the principle of equality with which the socialist system had legitimized itself. The period of postsocialist transformation raised the economic status of all social groups. Notwithstanding such improvement, the differences between the higher and lower social classes persisted.
State Liability for Failure to Protect Others. Srebrenica Cases
Authors: Delpla Isabelle 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Over recent years, a number of legal decisions have been taken that represent real novelties in the field. They address state liability towards foreigners in a realm where immunity has long prevailed. Dutch courts have condemned the Dutch state for failure to protect Bosniacs after the fall of the enclave of Srebrenica in 1995. The novelty of these court decisions is most apparent when they are compared to the previous investigations and reports on the fall of the Srebrenica enclave, which had the intended or de facto effect of leaving aside state liability. This article focuses on this comparison. The decisions of the Dutch court represent a change with regard to a trend in which collective responsibility was reduced to a scarecrow argument, where state liability for genocide was limited to the obligation to address criminal responsibility, and where co-agency was a shield preventing the attribution of state responsibility. Not only do these court decisions sanction state liability, they also address the victims and even grant them reparations.
Factors Associated With Refusal of Intramuscular Vitamin K in Normal Newborns
Authors: Loyal Jaspreet , Taylor James A. , Phillipi Carrie A. , Goyal Neera K. , Wood Kelly E. , Seashore Carl , King Beth , Colson Eve , Shabanova Veronika , Shapiro Eugene D. ,   on behalf of the BORN investigators
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Refusal of intramuscular (IM) vitamin K administration by parents is an emerging problem. Our objective was to assess the frequency of and factors associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration in well newborns in the United States.

METHODS:
We determined the number of newborns admitted to well newborn units whose parents refused IM vitamin K administration in the Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns network and, in a nested patient-control study, identified factors associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration by using a multiple logistic regression model.

RESULTS:
Of 102 878 newborns from 35 Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns sites, parents of 638 (0.6%) refused IM vitamin K administration. Frequency of refusal at individual sites varied from 0% to 2.3%. Exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–5.5), non-Hispanic white race and/or ethnicity (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.4), female sex (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3), gestational age (aOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4), and mother’s age (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08) were significantly associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration. Refusal of the administration of both ocular prophylaxis and hepatitis B vaccine was also strongly associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration (aOR = 88.7; 95% CI: 50.4–151.9).

CONCLUSIONS:
Refusal of IM vitamin K by parents of newborns is a significant problem. Interventions to minimize risks to these newborns are needed.
The Family Communio Personarum and Upbringing
Authors: Stala Józef , Garmaz Jadranka 
Published: July 2018

Not only are marriage and the family, natural and religious institutions but, above all, they are communities of persons fulfilling their personal calling. However, communio personarum does not only result from the natural relations, but is a consequence of faith, which unites family with Jesus Christ. This article will present the pedagogical consequences of acknowledging the family as communio personarum, including the fact that every family is a privileged place of upbringing and parents, who bestowed the gift of life upon their child, have been gifted with a wealth of upbringing skills. The marital relation, as a “me” and “you” relation, constitutes the foundation for other family relations, as well as the everyday educational support for the child. Parents, however, accompany their children in forming their mature personality and religiousness.
Motivation for assistance activities among hospice, missionary and sport volunteers
Authors: Śliwak Jacek , Zarzycka Beata , Partyka Józef 
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study is to analyze motivation for undertaking activities to help others by people involved in various forms of volunteer work. We analyzed two sources of motivation: moral endo‒exocentrism and the value system among three groups: hospice, missionary and sports volunteers. The study involved 173 people between 16 to 77 years of age, 59 giving service in a hospice, 63 in missionary activities and 51 as sports volunteers. We applied the Moral Endo-Exocentrism Questionnaire (MEEQ) by Karyłowski, Górski and Wasiak and the Portraits Questionnaire (PVQ) by Schwartz. The study showed higher levels of exocentric than endocentric motivation among the three groups of volunteers. However, the intergroup value preference comparison revealed 7 values which significantly differentiated hospice, missionary and sports volunteers: Tradition, Hedonism, Success, Power, Self-Directing, Stimulation and Universalism.