bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological determinants of physical activity across the life course: a “Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity” (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review
Authors: Aleksovska Katina , Puggina Anna , Giraldi Luca , Buck Christoph , Burns Con , Cardon Greet , Carlin Angela , Chantal Simon , Ciarapica Donatella , Colotto Marco , Condello Giancarlo , Coppinger Tara , Cortis Cristina , D’Haese Sara , De Craemer Marieke , Di Blasio Andrea , Hansen Sylvia , Iacoviello Licia , Issartel Johann , Izzicupo Pascal , Jaeschke Lina , Kanning Martina , Kennedy Aileen , Ling Fiona , Luzak Agnes , Napolitano Giorgio , Nazare Julie-Anne , Perchoux Camille , Pischon Tobias , Polito Angela , Sannella Alessandra , Schulz Holger , Sohun Rhoda , Steinbrecher Astrid , Schlicht Wolfgang , Ricciardi Walter , MacDonncha Ciaran , Capranica Laura , Boccia Stefania 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
Despite the large number of studies and reviews available, the evidence regarding the biological determinants of physical activity (PA) is inconclusive. In this umbrella review, we summarized the current evidence on the biological determinants of PA across the life course, by pooling the results of the available systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses (MAs).

Methods
We conducted an online search on MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases up to January 2018. SLRs and MAs of observational studies that investigated the association between biological determinants of PA and having PA as outcome were considered eligible. The extracted data were assessed based on the importance of the determinants, the strength of evidence, and the methodological quality.

Results
We identified 19 reviews of which most were of moderate methodological quality. Determinants that were studied most frequently among all ages and demonstrated evidence suggesting a positive association to PA were younger age, being male, higher health status, and higher physical fitness levels. Among adults, normal birth weight was found to be positively associated to PA with convincing strength of evidence, while findings among adolescents were inconsistent and with limited strength of evidence.

Conclusions
Different social or behavioral factors may contribute to the decrease of PA with age and among females versus males, and creating programmes targeted at diverse ages, female population, and adults with abnormal birth weight is recommended. Future studies should use prospective study designs, standardized definitions of PA, and objective measurement methods of PA assessment.
Early Cretaceous redbeds from the Minle Basin, Hexi Corridor, northwest China: Mineralogy and geochemistry implications for paleoweathering, provenance, and tectonic settings
Authors: Sun Yaxiong , Ding Wenlong , Gu Yang , Zhao Gang , Shi Siyu , Jiao Baocheng , Ji Xiang 
Published: January 2019

Redbeds with a large thickness in the lower Cretaceous record abundant geologic information in the Minle Basin. We have conducted the paleoweathering conditions, provenance, and tectonic settings based on mineralogy and geochemistry. Our results indicate that mudstone samples are characterized by abundant illite with negligible amounts of K-feldspars and analcime. The lower part of the lower Cretaceous is rich in quartz, whereas the upper part is dominated by dolomite and analcime. We suggest that this is caused by the decreasing input of the clastic influx during the middle-late early Cretaceous. High index of compositional variation values (average 1.33) indicate first-cycle sediment supply, suggesting an overall compositional immaturity and short-distance transportation. These characteristics are consistent with an active regional extension tectonic setting. The [Formula: see text] system ([Formula: see text];[Formula: see text];[Formula: see text]) and Th/U versus Th consistently reveal that the lower Cretaceous experienced a positive gradient in chemical weathering from young to old formations. Although the patterns of trace elements in three formations of the lower Cretaceous are different, those of the rare earth elements (REEs) tend to be consistent. The significant enrichment of light REEs, heavy REEs fractionation, and distinctive negative Eu anomalies suggest derivation from an old, upper continental crust composed of predominantly felsic sediments. This interpretation is supported by several discrimination diagrams such as titanium dioxide-nickel ([Formula: see text]), which shows the characteristics of immature recycled sediments. A few sensitive elements, ratios, and normalized REE patterns indicate a provenance of an active continental margin and a continental island arc (CIA). The La-Th-Sc, Th-Co-Zr/10, and Th-Sc-Zr/10 discrimination plots further confirm the CIA signature. Thus, we conclude that the early Cretaceous redbeds in the Minle Basin, Hexi Corridor, were deposited in a dustpan-shaped half-graben basin in a CIA setting when northwest China was influenced by intense regional extension.
Antitryptical, anticoagulant and hemagglutinating activities of Eucalyptus sp. seeds
Authors: Queiroz dos Santos Yago , Silva Campos Carelli Gabriella , Oliveira de Veras Bruno , Cunha Batista Virgínia , Felipe Jácome de França Anderson , Vanusa da Silva Márcia , Antunes dos Santos Elizeu 
Published: January 2019

Background: Plant biodiversity has great value for science being an inexhaustible source for new bioactive molecules capable of offering environmentally friendly and innovative solutions for various areas of the industry. The scientific community has increased their interest in the study of plant species in the search of new molecules and to determine their mechanisms of action. Plant seeds are natural sources of bioactive compounds, such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins with special focus on enzymatic inhibitors which protect them against digestive enzymes of phytopathogens and lectins that play an important role on carbohydrate signalization and metabolism during germination. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and describe the protein profile and to test the hemagglutinating, hemolytic and anticoagulant activities, as well as the antitryptic effect of extracts and fractions obtained from seeds of Eucalyptus species. Methods: The crude protein extract was obtained from the seed of Eucalyptus sp. with 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 6.6, and fractionated using ammonium sulfate in order to study its antitryptical properties as well as the capacity of hemagglutination and influence on hemostasis. Results: The crude extract showed a high effectiveness for trypsin inhibition. For hemagglutinating activity, the ammonium sulfate fraction 0-30% presented better activity, while no hemolytic activity was present in the obtained fractions. For anticoagulation assay, the fraction 0-30% showed better results. Conclusions: Taken together, the obtained results demonstrate the biotechnological potential of Eucalyptus sp. seeds, although further study is still necessary to better isolate as well as describe the bioactive compounds.
Prostate cancer
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: January 2019

Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland begin growing uncontrollably. This article in the series provides an overview of prostate cancer and the anatomy and physiology of the prostate gland is discussed. The incidence and distribution (epidemiology) of the condition are outlined. All men are at risk of prostate cancer, yet there are some modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that need to be considered. The article discusses the various signs and symptoms that a man may experience and how a diagnosis is made. Various treatment options are considered and the role of the healthcare assistant (HCA) and assistant practitioner (AP) are outlined. The article provides a glossary of terms and five multiple choice questions to assist with understanding and application to practice.
An evaluation of the midwifery Pre-Qualifying Skills Passport in Wales
Authors: Darra Susanne , Thomas Grace 
Published: January 2019

Background Standards for pre-registration midwifery education are being reviewed by the Nursing and Midwifery Council. In Wales a pre-qualifying skills passport (PQSP) has been in use for almost 5 years, and is designed to give midwives a chance to acquire key skills before they qualify. Aim This article presents the findings from a recent review of the Welsh PQSP. Methods Questionnaires were sent out to mentors, newly qualified midwives, midwifery lecturers and midwifery managers. Completed questionnaires were received from 167 users. Findings The PQSP helped mentors and students to know what is expected of newly qualified midwives, led to improved opportunities for vital skills acquisition and was easy to use in busy practice settings. It integrated knowledge with skills and it helped to learn skills step-by-step. There was also interest in adding further skills to the PQSP. Conclusions These findings are a positive foundation for future education standards and could be developed as a continuing professional development tool for a midwife's entire career.
Early-career midwives' experiences of perineal assessment and repair after normal vaginal birth
Authors: Hunter Caroline , Bick Debra 
Published: January 2019

Background It falls within the midwife's scope of practice to assess and repair first- and second-degree perineal trauma. Failure to accurately do so can lead to significant maternal morbidities. Evidence suggests that this can be a source of anxiety for midwives. Aims To explore early-career midwives' experiences of performing perineal assessment and repair after normal vaginal birth. Methods A qualitative semi-structured interview study analysed via interpretative phenomenological analysis. Six purposively-selected midwives, qualified for fewer than 5 years, were interviewed. Findings The study identified two superordinate themes. ‘Working and learning in an imperfect environment’ highlighted inadequacies in pre-registration midwifery education in preparing midwives for suturing, and a lack of support for developing their clinical skills once qualified. ‘Knowing myself, understanding my women’, highlighted midwives' understanding of suturing in terms of professional identity, responsibility for women's wellbeing and promotion of continuity. Conclusions Midwives often experience their pre-registration training as poor preparation for suturing in practice. Once qualified, preceptorship programmes can be variable and support for skills development is often lacking. Time constraints and structural hierarchies can inhibit the ability of midwives to articulate and advance their learning needs.
Channel measurement campaigns for wireless industrial automation
Authors: Düngen Monique , Hansen Thomas , Croonenbroeck Ramona , Kays Rüdiger , Holfeld Bernd , Wieruch Dennis , Wilke Berenguer Pablo , Jungnickel Volker , Block Dimitri , Meier Uwe , Schulze Henrik 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The factories of the future will be highly digitalized in order to enable flexible and interconnected manufacturing processes. Especially wireless technologies will be beneficial for industrial automation. However, the high density of metallic objects is challenging for wireless systems due to multipath fading. In order to understand the signal propagation in industrial environments, this paper provides results from a number of channel measurement campaigns funded by the German research initiative “Reliable wireless communication in the industry”. We give an overview of different measurement scenarios covering visible light communication and radio communication below 6 GHz. We analyze large and small scale parameters as well as delay statistics of the wireless channels. Finally, we discuss the importance of the results for the definition of industrial channel models.
Can uterine secretion of modified histones alter blastocyst implantation, embryo nutrition, and transgenerational phenotype?
Authors: Van Winkle Lon J. , Ryznar Rebecca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExtracellular histones support rodent and human embryo development in at least two ways. First, these molecules in uterine secretions protect embryos from inflammation caused by pathogens that gain access to the reproductive tract. Also, histones in uterine secretions likely support penetration of the uterine epithelium by blastocysts during embryo implantation. Extracellular histones seem to preserve amino acid transport system B0,+in blastocysts by inhibiting its activity. Preservation of system B0,+is needed because, at the time of invasion of the uterine epithelium by motile trophoblasts, system B0,+is likely reactivated to help remove tryptophan from the implantation chamber. If tryptophan is not removed, T-cells proliferate and reject the implanting blastocyst. Epigenetic modification of histones could alter their promotion of normal implantation through, say, incomplete tryptophan removal and, thus, allow partial T-cell rejection of the conceptus. Such partial rejection could impair placental development, embryonal/fetal nutrition, and weight gain prior to birth. Small-for-gestational-age offspring are predisposed to developing metabolic syndrome, obesity, and associated complications as adults. Shifting expression of these phenotypes might contribute to transgenerational variation and evolution. The spectrum of possible extracellular histone targets in early development warrant new research, especially since the effects of epigenetic histone modifications might be transgenerational.
Grain Policies and Storage in Southern Germany: The Regensburg Hospital (17th-19th Centuries)
Authors: Pindl Kathrin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the storage policy of the citizens’ hospital of Regensburg in the Early Modern period (focus: 18th century). The main purpose consists of (1) a source-based micro-study that helps to derive insights into the mechanisms of how experiences and expectations have influenced decisions by a pre-modern institution, (2) an analytical scheme for describing and evaluating the process of decision-making based on narrative evidence, and (3) the suggestion of analytical categories. These should allow a differentiation between time-invariant human behaviour that determines economic decisions, and time-specific factors which can be used to separate possibly “pre-modern” patterns from seemingly modern-day capitalist economic performance.
Religion and culture in Europe: law, policies and realities
Authors: Morris Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIs religion simply a part of culture? Can religious diversity be managed as a subset of intercultural diversity? This article explores intercultural dialogue and its relationship to “religion’ in the policies, documents and debates of the European Community. The argument is advanced that religious realities and concerns are misconstrued when religion is subsumed into culture. Religion needs to be historically and conceptually rethought and that for cultural and religious diversities to be skillfully managed in the interests of social solidarity and positive intercommunal relations both need to be addressed discretely and in tandem.
Peaks and more
Authors: Meyer Veronika R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAfter an engagement in analytical chemistry during 50 years, I am looking back to my scientific carreer. To some extent it is based on my successful textbook in high-performance liquid chromatography. However, too much contemplation of one’s own contributions to science is boring, and it is necessary to look ahead to the future challenges in chemistry, namely to cope with the threats of climate change. And there is another topic which was and is most important in my life: mountain climbing. Its physical and maybe also mental top was to reach the summit of Mount Everest in May 2007.
Mild Intraocular Pressure Elevation in Mice Reveals Distinct Retinal Ganglion Cell Functional Thresholds and Pressure-Dependent Properties
Authors: Tao Xiaofeng , Sabharwal Jasdeep , Seilheimer Robert L. , Wu Samuel M. , Frankfort Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2019

Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) causes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and death and is a major risk factor for glaucoma. We used a bead injection technique to increase IOP in mice of both genders by an average of ∼3 mmHg for 2 weeks. This level of IOP elevation was lower than that achieved in other studies, which allowed for the study of subtle IOP effects. We used multielectrode array recordings to determine the cellular responses of RGCs exposed to this mild degree of IOP elevation. We found that RGC photopic receptive field (RF) center size and whole-field RGC firing rates were unaffected by IOP elevation. In contrast, we found that the temporal properties of RGC photopic responses in the RF center were accelerated, particularly in ON sustained cells. We also detected a loss of antagonistic surround in several RGC subtypes. Finally, spontaneous firing rate, interspike interval variance, and contrast sensitivity were altered according to the magnitude of IOP exposure and also displayed an IOP-dependent effect. Together, these results suggest that individual RGC physiologic parameters have unique IOP-related functional thresholds that exist concurrently and change following IOP elevation according to specific patterns. Furthermore, even subtle IOP elevation can impart profound changes in RGC function, which in some cases may occur in an IOP-dependent manner. This system of overlapping functional thresholds likely underlies the complex effects of elevated IOP on the retina.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRetinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the obligate output neurons of the retina and are injured by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in diseases such as glaucoma. In this study, a subtle elevation of IOP in mice for 2 weeks revealed distinct IOP-related functional thresholds for specific RGC physiologic parameters and sometimes showed an IOP-dependent effect. These data suggest that overlapping IOP-related thresholds and response profiles exist simultaneously in RGCs and throughout the retina. These overlapping thresholds likely explain the range of RGC responses that occur following IOP elevation and highlight the wide capacity of neurons to respond in a diseased state.
Titán-dioxid-nanopálcikák tüdőre kifejtett hatásának állatkísérletes vizsgálata szubakut patkánymodellben
Authors: Horváth Tamara , Papp András , Kiricsi Mónika , Igaz Nóra , Trenka Vivien , Kozma Gábor , Tiszlavicz László , Rázga Zsolt , Vezér Tünde 
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The development of nanotechnology increases the risk of occupational and population-level exposure to nanoparticles nowadays. However, scientifically based knowledge relating to the toxicity of heavy metal nanoparticles and potential health damage is insufficient. Aim: Investigation of lung tissue damage induced by titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods in subacute intratracheal instillation by morphological, chemical and biochemical methods in rat model. Method: General toxicity (changes of body and organ weights), local acute and chronic cellular toxicity (in alveolar spaces and epithelium, in hilar lymph nodes) and oxidative stress were examined using light and electron microscopy, and biochemical methods (reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines). Results: No dose- and time-dependent alteration was found in the body weight of the treated groups; but the mass and Ti content of lungs increased with dose. Light and electron microscopy of the lung tissue verified the presence of nanoparticles, free in the alveolar space and within phagosomes of macrophages not attached to alveolar epithelium. Chronification of local acute alveolitis was supported by dose-dependent increase of macrophage count in the alveolar region, oedema and thickening of interstitium, and increased expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1a, LIX, L-selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor). Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation increased substantially in the treated rats’ lungs, and correlation was found between Ti content and lipid peroxidation. Insufficiency of the alveolar epithelial and capillary endothelial barrier was indicated by nanoparticle-laden phagocytes in hilar lymph nodes, suggesting nanoparticles reaching systemic circulation and distant organs, inducing systemic acute inflammation. Conclusion: TiO2 nanoparticles, reaching lower airways, may be etiological factors in the causation or aggravation of pulmonary diseases with acute and chronic airways inflammation and/or progressive fibrosis and obstruction (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma). Autophagy and damaged immune response (lymphocytic activity) may have here a role. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(2): 57–66.
Krónikus myeloid leukaemiás betegek követése a Marosvásárhelyi Hematológiai és Csontvelő-átültetési Klinika beteganyagában 2008 és 2018 között
Authors: Tunyogi Aliz-Beáta , Lázár Erzsébet , Benedek jr. István , Sándor-Kéri Johanna , Zsigmond Annamária , Benedek István 
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Introduction and aim: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the BCR-ABL gene rearrangement with translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor became the standard frontline therapy. The molecular monitoring is essential. Method: We studied the chronic myeloid leukemia patients at the Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit Tg-Mures between 2008 and 2018. Results: We followed 59 patients, median age of 45 years, female : male ratio 1.5 : 1. 80% of the patients were in chronic phase. Sokal score was low in 61%, intermediate 27% and high in 12% of the patients. The median follow-up time was 5 years and 9 months. 59% of the patients reached molecular remission (average time 11 months). The cumulative overall survival was 80% at 5 years and 76% at 10 years. The overall survival according to disease phase was 98%, 85%, 20%; according to Sokal score it was 91%, 66%, 51%. The cumulative progression-free survival was 75% at 5 years and 50% at 10 years. Only 8% of the low risk patients are progressing opposite to 77% of the high risk patients. The cumulative probability to maintain the molecular remission for 5 years is 100%, for 10 years 91% and for 15 years 52%. Conclusion: A rising level of BCR-ABL is an early indication of the loss of response identifying the patients who need close monitoring and therapeutic change. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(2): 67–72.
Subjectivity in education in the sense of personalization
Authors: Brózda Łukasz 
Published: January 2019

Although the inclusion of the subjectivity of the individual seems to be the principle of education today, the term „subjectivity” is understood in different ways, which gives rise to contradictory models of education. It happens so in the case of influential and contrary models of subjectivity, presented by the widely understood antipedagogy and Catholic personalism, which ascribe a strong connotation to it. The analysis of this problem in this article will determine the reflection on the understanding of subjectivity and the characteristics of postmodernity in this context. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that personalism not only protects the subjectivity of the pupil but also does not give up education as it happens in antipedagogy. The role of personalistic education is, in no case, to underestimate the subjectivity of young people but to support the process of preferences and to affirm their proper hierarchy of values, without which their fullness of humanity will not materialize.