bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-focused managerial challenges within the hotel sector
Authors: Lamest Markus , Brady Mairead 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the managerial decision-making challenges of the use of data from online and offline customer data flooding into firms and managed through interactive dashboards. The paper provides insights into how managers within the hotel sector both manage and use the data as a core tool in discussions with finance managers/directors during negotiation on critical marketing investments.

Design/methodology/approach
The research design followed a multiple-case study design of five market-orientated hotels, which were selected as high performing data and dashboard users. Across each case company multiple informants were interviewed and shadowed, including marketing managers, general managers and finance managers/directors. There was also an in-depth investigation of the collection, dissemination and particularly use of traditional market research data and online data from social media sites, web sites and web and mobile analytics. This was augmented by a study of the customized, off site managed interactive databases, in use in all case companies.

Findings
This paper identifies managerial challenges experienced by general managers, marketing and financial managers using digital customer data. It investigated the power of the customer voice internally and found that unstructured qualitative data had greater visibility and usage once supported by a financial imperative. It also found that the use of interactive dashboards were a powerful manifestation of data technology use and increased marketing’s visibility, power and accountability within the firm.

Research limitations/implications
The paper provided a limited hotel perspective which impacts on generalizability. The findings should be tested quantitatively to ascertain their validity across a wider sector of businesses and operations. Though multiple site and cross-functional research adds value, one site might have provided more depth.

Practical implications
This paper reveals that managers need support in terms of time, resources and personnel to manage the flood of information into their organizations. It also suggested that general and marketing managers need to develop the skills to interpret the data for decision-making, so that the financial implications are understand.

Originality/value
Most social media studies within the hotel sector focus on the impact of social media reviews on consumer purchasing processes and/or on how managers communicate online with consumers. This paper takes an internal managerial perspective on data use for decision-making. This paper expands our understanding of marketing strategic decision-making through an in-depth exploration into how cross-functional decision-making uses contemporary customer data.
‘Clean energy for all’: the implementation of Scaling Solar in Zambia
Authors: Stritzke Susann 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review critical success factors (CSFs) for the implementation of the Scaling Solar Programme in Zambia, the first solar public-private partnership (PPP) in the country.

Design/methodology/approach
The single case study is based on stakeholder interviews and the evaluation of primary and secondary sources of data. As a first step, the study illustrates the implementation of Scaling Solar in Zambia and links it to the formal PPP framework of the country. The second step compares central CSFs for PPPs identified by previous research with the current framework of the programme. Furthermore, it analyses whether these CSFs have affected the PPP project implementation in Zambia. Based on these findings the question discussed will be which CSFs can be identified that impacted the implementation of the programme in a third step.

Findings
The case study found that the design of the Scaling Solar Programme largely mitigated the main financial and political risks identified in previous studies with regard to the uptake of energy infrastructure processes in developing countries. It reveals that government stakeholder alignment and institutional capacity are the central CSFs which impact the roll-out of the programme in Zambia.

Originality/value
The study suggests that a pre-implementation phase of a complex PPP project should comprise government stakeholder alignment which can be based on approaches to Relationship Management Theory. By suggesting a stakeholder management approach, the study indicates how a PPP framework, with a redefined role of a horizontally integrated, independent Public-Private Partnership Unit, can support this approach.
The categorisation of resistance: interpreting failure to follow a proposed line of action in the diagnosis of autism amongst young adults
Authors: Hollin Gregory , Pilnick Alison 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany characteristics typical of autism, a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by socio‐communicative impairments, are most evident during social interaction. Accordingly, procedures such as the Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule (ADOS) are interactive and intended to elicit interactional impairments: a diagnosis of autism is given if interactional difficulties are attributed as a persistent quality of the individual undergoing diagnosis. This task is difficult, first, because behaviours can be interpreted in various ways and, second, because conversation breakdown may indicate a disengagement with, or resistance to, a line of conversation. Drawing upon conversation analysis, we examine seven ADOS diagnosis sessions and ask how diagnosticians distinguish between interactional resistance as, on the one hand, a diagnostic indicator and, on the other, as a reasonable choice from a range of possible responses. We find evidence of various forms of resistance during ADOS sessions, but it is a resistance to a line of conversational action that is often determined to be indicative of autism. However, and as we show, this attribution of resistance can be ambiguous. We conclude by arguing for reflexive practice during any diagnosis where talk is the problem, and for a commitment to acknowledge the potential impact of diagnostic procedures themselves upon results.
Enhancement of torba yoghurt with whey protein isolates
Authors: Yildiz‐Akgül Filiz 
Published: May 2018

Nonfat torba (strained) yoghurt enriched with different levels (1w/w and 2w/w) of whey protein isolates (WPI) was produced, to study the effects of WPI addition levels on the physicochemical characteristics and free fatty acid levels of control (fatty) and nonfat yoghurts during 14‐day storage. Increasing the WPI decreased the syneresis level of the torba yoghurt samples (P < 0.05), but other physicochemical properties were not affected compared to the nonfat yoghurt during storage. However, WPI addition decreased the butyric acid, caproic acid and long‐chain fatty acid levels across the storage period (P < 0.05). Therefore, addition of WPI at a level of 2w/w could be considered as an acceptable option for the manufacture of nonfat torba yoghurt with improved nutritional value.
The Impact of Policy Incentives on Long‐Term Care Insurance and Medicaid Costs: Does Underwriting Matter?
Authors: Cornell Portia Y. , Grabowski David C. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo test whether underwriting modifies the effect of state‐based incentives on individuals’ purchase of long‐term care insurance.Data SourceHealth and Retirement Study (HRS), 1996–2012.Study DesignWe estimated difference‐in‐difference regression models with an interaction of state policy indicators with individuals’ probabilities of being approved for long‐term care insurance.Data ExtractionWe imputed probabilities of underwriting approval for respondents in the HRS using a model developed with underwriting decisions from two U.S. insurance firms. We measured the elasticity response to long‐term care insurance price using changes in simulated after‐tax price as an instrumental variable for premium price.Principal FindingsTax incentives and Partnership programs increased insurance purchase by 3.62 percentage points and 1.8 percentage points, respectively, among those with the lowest risk (highest approval probability). Neither had any statistically significant effects among the highest risk individuals.ConclusionsWe show that ignoring the effects of underwriting may lead to biased estimates of the potential state budget savings of long‐term care insurance tax incentives. If the private market is to play a role in financing long‐term care, policies need to address the underlying adverse selection problems.
Health Insurance and Poverty in Trajectories of Out‐of‐Pocket Expenditure among Low‐Income Middle‐Aged Adults
Authors: Kwon Eunsun , Park Sojung , McBride Timothy D. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of longitudinal patterns of health insurance and poverty on out‐of‐pocket expenditures among low‐income late middle‐aged adults.Data Sources/Study SettingSix waves (2002–2012) of the Health and Retirement Study, in combination withRANDCenter for the Study of Aging data, were used.Study DesignA random coefficient regression analysis was conducted in a multilevel growth curve framework to estimate the impact of health insurance and poverty on out‐of‐pocket expenditures.Principal FindingsAt baseline, individuals with private insurance or unstable coverage were more likely to have out‐of‐pocket expenditures and financial burdens than public insurance holders. Over time, the poor who had no insurance, unstable coverage, or insurance type change had higher out‐of‐pocket expenditures; private coverage holders had higher odds of financial burden.ConclusionsUnstable insurance coverage had a discernible effect on the long‐term, out‐of‐pocket expenditures among low‐income adults. Findings have an important policy implication to protect poor late middle‐aged population; as this population enters old age, the high financial burden it faces may exacerbate persistent socioeconomic health disparity among older people with unstable insurance coverage.
Suicide by Fatal Pentobarbital Intoxication in Ontario, Canada, from 2012 to 2015
Authors: Solbeck Patricia , Snowdon Victoria , Rajagopalan Ashwyn , Jhirad Reuven 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA fatal concentration of pentobarbital found in a coroner's case where the history had not indicated use of this drug prompted a review of fatalities in Ontario from 2012 to 2015. Coroner's case files, including police and toxicology reports, were reviewed in twenty deaths, in which pentobarbital was identified as the primary cause of death. In all of the deaths (11 females, 9 males), the blood concentration of pentobarbital was greater than 10 mg/L. There were three to eight deaths per year and each was classified as suicide. In 11 cases, there was clear evidence that the drug was purchased over the internet from Mexico or China and imported into Canada. In four cases, it appears that the pentobarbital was labeled as a different, innocuous chemical to facilitate crossing the border without scrutiny. The findings underscore the value of a thorough scene investigation, including details of evidence that may be considered unrelated.
Spatial variation in cervical cancer screening participation and outcomes among Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians in Queensland
Authors: Dasgupta Paramita , Whop Lisa J. , Diaz Abbey , Cramb Susanna M. , Moore Suzanne P. , Brotherton Julia M.L. , Cunningham Joan , Valery Patricia C. , Gertig Dorota , Garvey Gail , Condon John R. , O'Connell Dianne L. , Canfell Karen , Baade Peter D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIndigenous women continue to experience a disproportionately higher burden of cervical cancer than non‐Indigenous women in Australia. The National Indigenous Cervical Screening Project used probabilistic record linkage to combine population‐based administrative databases and identify Indigenous women on Pap Smear Registers. This study aimed to quantify the spatial variation by local government areas (LGAs) for Indigenous and non‐Indigenous women in Queensland in cervical screening participation rates and related outcomes. Empirical Bayes local geostatistical smoothing was performed to reduce the likelihood of spurious variation between small areas. The cohort included 1,091,260 women (2 per cent Indigenous) aged 20 to 69 with 2,393,708 Pap smears between 2006 and 2011. Indigenous women had smoothed LGA‐specific 5‐year participation rates (interquartile range (IQR) 38.9–53.3 per 100 eligible women) consistently lower than non‐Indigenous women (IQR 80.7–85.3). The non‐overlapping confidence intervals of these rates suggest that the Indigenous differential was significant. Compared with Indigenous women, non‐Indigenous women had consistently lower and more stable prevalence rates of histologically confirmed high grade abnormalities (IQR 8.0–10.1 versus 15.0–21.3 per 1,000 screened women). Although the LGA‐specific rates also suggest that a higher proportion of non‐Indigenous women were followed‐up within two months of an abnormal screening result, the wide confidence intervals for these estimates limit our ability to draw definitive conclusions about spatial patterns for this outcome. These findings highlight the importance of continued monitoring and ongoing efforts to identify drivers of these patterns and develop effective strategies to improve participation and potentially reduce the cervical cancer burden among Indigenous women.
Functionalization of Lipid‐Based Nutrient Supplement with β‐Cyclodextrin Inclusions of Oregano Essential Oil
Authors: Gaur Shashank , Lopez Emely C. , Ojha Ankur , Andrade Juan E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntestinal parasitic infection is one of the main causes of acute undernutrition in children. Oral consumption of oregano essential oil (OEO) can reduce intestinal parasitic infections, however, its addition to therapeutic and supplementary foods is hampered by its undesirable flavor. The objective of this study was to develop a functional lipid‐based nutrient supplement (LNS) containing OEO, which is stable, acceptable and provides targeted intestinal delivery of bioactive. β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CyD) inclusion complexes of OEO (β‐CyD‐OEO), and carvacrol (β‐CyD‐CV) (1:1 molar) were prepared using slurry complexation (‐20 °C) method and characterized based on encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, morphology, and 2‐phase in vitro digestion stability. Carvacrol (CV) content was measured using reverse phase HPLC‐UV. LNS containing β‐CyD‐OEO (27.2 mg encapsulate/20 g LNS) was formulated using Indian staples and ingredients. Discriminatory sensory tests (triangle) were performed with college students (n = 58) and low‐income women (n = 25), with young children at home (1 to 6 years), living in Mehsana, India to evaluate differences between LNS with and without bioactive ingredient (β‐CyD‐OEO only). Moisture of dried complexes ranged 9.1% to 9.7% d.b., whereas water activity 0.35 to 0.412. The complex size and encapsulation efficiency of β‐CyD‐OEO and β‐CyD‐CV were 1.5 to 7 μm and 4 to 20 μm, and 86.04 ± 4.48% and 81.39 ± 3.34%, respectively. The bioactive complexes were stable through the gastric and intestinal phases. Bioaccessibility of encapsulated CV ranged 6.0% to 7.7%. Sensory tests revealed no differences (P > 0.05) in color, aroma, and taste between LNS with and without β‐CyD‐OEO complexes. Functionalization of LNS with β‐CyD‐OEO is feasible based on in vitro stability and sensory studies.Practical ApplicationDespite its antiparasitic activities, the addition of oregano essential oil into foods is limited due to its strong flavor and volatility. In this study, we evaluated the encapsulation of oregano essential oil with β‐cyclodextrin and its addition into lipid‐based nutrition supplements. The results revealed that complex encapsulation efficiency was above 80%. Also, the bioactive complexes were stable under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. Sensory evaluation of LNS with and without encapsulated essential oil showed no difference in terms of color, aroma, and taste. The functional LNS can both address nutrient insufficiency as well as parasitic infection among malnourished populations in low‐resource settings.
Minimizing polymerase biases in metabarcoding
Authors: Nichols Ruth V. , Vollmers Christopher , Newsom Lee A. , Wang Yue , Heintzman Peter D. , Leighton McKenna , Green Richard E. , Shapiro Beth 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDNA metabarcoding is an increasingly popular method to characterize and quantify biodiversity in environmental samples. Metabarcoding approaches simultaneously amplify a short, variable genomic region, or “barcode,” from a broad taxonomic group via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using universal primers that anneal to flanking conserved regions. Results of these experiments are reported as occurrence data, which provide a list of taxa amplified from the sample, or relative abundance data, which measure the relative contribution of each taxon to the overall composition of amplified product. The accuracy of both occurrence and relative abundance estimates can be affected by a variety of biological and technical biases. For example, taxa with larger biomass may be better represented in environmental samples than those with smaller biomass. Here, we explore how polymerase choice, a potential source of technical bias, might influence results in metabarcoding experiments. We compared potential biases of six commercially available polymerases using a combination of mixtures of amplifiable synthetic sequences and real sedimentary DNA extracts. We find that polymerase choice can affect both occurrence and relative abundance estimates and that the main source of this bias appears to be polymerase preference for sequences with specific GC contents. We further recommend an experimental approach for metabarcoding based on results of our synthetic experiments.
Chronic median nerve modulation reduces ventricular arrhythmia and improves ventricular function in a postmyocardial infarction rabbit model
Authors: Zhai Zhengqin , Zhao Shuang , Tang Min , Jia Liujun , Zhang Shu 
Published: May 2018

SummaryAimMedian nerve stimulation (MNS) is a novel neuromodulation approach for treatment of ventricular arrhythmia, but little is known about its chronic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic MNS on ventricular arrhythmia and ventricular dysfunction postmyocardial infarction (MI).MethodTwo weeks after MI, 12 rabbits were randomly divided into control and MNS groups, and chronic MNS was performed in MNS group for 2 weeks. Ventricular function and arrhythmias; sympathetic innervation and activity; and interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1 β) and norepinephrine (NE) levels were analyzed.ResultsBoth the total number of premature ventricular complex and episodes of ventricular tachycardia were lower in MNS group than in control group (20 560 ± 10 314 beats vs 70 079 ± 37 184 beats, P = .021, and 115 ± 63 episodes vs 307 ± 164 episodes, P = .034, respectively). Compared with control group, MNS decreased the cardiac sympathetic nerve density and level of circulating NE in MNS group (1798.42 ± 644.07 μm2/mm2 vs 1003.79 ± 453.00 μm2/mm2, P = .041, and 20.86 ± 4.54 pg/mL vs 11.07 ± 1.43 pg/mL, P = .002, respectively). MNS also improved the left ventricular ejection fraction (59.07 ± 1.91% vs 49.77 ± 3.47%, P = .003) and inhibited the level of IL‐1 β in serum (69.19 ± 4.71 pg/mL vs 85.93 ± 12.80 pg/mL, P = .013).ConclusionChronic MNS appears to protect against ventricular arrhythmia and improves ventricular function post‐MI, which may be mediated by suppressing cardiac sympathetic activity and anti‐inflammatory effects.
Pain One Week After an Emergency Department Visit for Acute Low Back Pain Is Associated With Poor Three‐month Outcomes
Authors: Friedman Benjamin W. , Conway John , Campbell Caron , Bijur Polly E. , John Gallagher E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is responsible for more than 2.5 million visits to U.S. emergency departments (EDs) annually. Nearly 30% of patients who present to an ED with acute LBP report functional impairment or pain 3 months later. These patients are at risk of chronic LBP, a highly debilitating condition. In this study, we assessed whether three variables assessable shortly after symptom onset could independently predict poor 3‐month outcomes among LBP patients who present to an ED.MethodsThis was a planned analysis of data from two randomized comparative effectiveness studies of patients with acute, nontraumatic, nonradicular LBP. Patients were enrolled during an ED visit, contacted by telephone 1 week after the ED visit, and then followed up by telephone 3 months later. The coprimary 3‐month outcomes were LBP‐related functional impairment and persistent moderate or severe LBP. Two of the three hypothesized predictor variables were assessed during the index visit: 1) the STarT Back Screening Tool score, a nine‐item, multidimensional tool validated and widely used in the outpatient setting, and 2) the patient's own anticipated duration of LBP. The third hypothesized predictor was presence of pain assessed by phone 1 week after the ED visit. We then determined whether these three predictor variables were independently associated with poor outcomes at 3 months, after controlling for medication received, age, and sex.ResultsA total of 354 patients were enrolled. Of these, 309 (87%) provided 3‐month impairment data and 311 (88%) provided 3‐month pain data. At 3 months, 122 of 309 (39%) patients reported functional impairment and 51 of 311(16%) patients reported moderate or severe LBP. Among the three hypothesized predictor variables, 58 of 352 (16%) patients with available data reported a moderate or high STarT Back Screening Tool score, 35 of 321 (11%) patients with available data reported anticipated duration of LBP > 1 week, and 235 of 346 (68%) patients reported pain at 1‐week telephone follow‐up. After age, sex, and medication received were controlled for in a multivariable logistic regression model, only pain at 1 week was independently associated with 3‐month impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.39–4.22) and 3‐month moderate or severe pain (OR = 3.83, 95% CI = 1.53–9.58).ConclusionsMore than one‐third of patients reported functional impairment 3 months after an ED visit for acute, nontraumatic, nonradicular LBP. Moderate or severe LBP was less common, reported in about half as many patients (16%). Of the three hypothesized predictor variables, only persistent pain at 1 week was independently associated with poor outcomes at 3 months. Despite its important role in the outpatient setting, the STarT Back Tool was not associated with poor outcomes in this ED cohort.