bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model experiment and numerical simulation study on the instability of shield tunnel face in upper-clay and lower-sand composite strata
Authors: Liang Chen , Wang Yingchao , Yu Hongbo , Zhao Chuang , Zheng Shunhua , Guo Yin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Strata instability collapse caused by insufficient supporting pressure of shield tunnel excavation face is always a difficult engineering problem that cannot be ignored. Fixing the buried depth ratio as 1.5 and setting the upper-clay thickness ratio as 0, 0.2 and 0.5 respectively, the instability and failure law of shield tunnel excavation face in the upper-clay and lower-sand composite strata is studied by means of model experiments and numerical simulations. The quantitative analysis is carried out from the perspective of instability collapse pattern, ground subsidence mechanism, fluid-solid coupling mechanical response and spatial distribution change law. The study shows that the whole process of excavation face instability collapse can be divided into four stages: water loss, water and sand migration, loosening and instability, collapse and failure. Clay thickness ratio has little effect on pore pressure and effective stress in front of excavation face. The arch formed following excavation face instability and collapse extends to the vicinity of the interface of clay and sand, and with the increase of clay thickness, the arch moves away from the interface and the extension speed decreases. The thicker the clay is, the wider the subsidence range is and the smaller the subsidence value is. Distortion energy accumulates at top and bottom of the tunnel face and the top of the clay layer front-above the excavation face after its instability failure. In front of excavation face, the pore pressure isosurface shows a transitional change from bottom to top in the form of ‘basin-bowl-vase’. In the tunnel middle horizontal plane, the zone in the radius R semicircle in front of excavation face is defined as the pore pressure vacuum zone, the zone in the R ~ 4R semiring is defined as the hydraulic gradient zone, and the zone outside 4R is defined as the non-influence zone.
Interactive effects of dietary vitamins C and E on growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters, skeletal abnormalities and disease resistance against V. harveyi of hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus
Authors: Ebi Isabella , Shapawi Rossita , LIM LEONG-SENG , Yong Annita Seok-Kian , Mazlan Nurzafirah , Shah Muhammad Dawood , Basri Najamuddin Abdul , Jaziri Abdul Aziz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Ensuring a well-balanced diet is paramount for the growth and productivity of farmed fish. Nutrient interactions, especially involving essential vitamins such as C and E, are pivotal for promoting growth and maintaining health. This study seeks to explore the impact of varying levels of dietary vitamins C and E on the growth performance, survival rates, haematological and biochemical parameters, skeletal abnormalities, and disease resistance of hybrid grouper juveniles against Vibrio harveyi. Six experimental diets were formulated, varying in vitamin C (0, 20, and 250 mg/kg) and vitamin E (0, 50, and 800 mg/kg) contents. After a 14-week feeding trial, results revealed that vitamin C-deficient diets significantly reduced growth performance compared to other treatments. Interestingly, a high level of vitamin C without vitamin E supplementation produced growth effects similar to the control diet. Vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation influenced both hepatic vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations. Surplus supplementation of vitamin C improve immune response and disease resistance of hybrid grouper. Skeletal abnormalities were influenced by dietary vitamin C levels. Overall, supplementation with both vitamins C and E improved growth, and disease resistance in hybrid grouper juveniles, with specific combinations of 18.3 mg/kg (vitamin C) and 814.8 mg/kg (vitamin E), or 271.8 mg/kg (vitamin C) and 13.4 mg/kg (vitamin E) supplementation showing optimal results.
Preparation and evaluation of a stable cathode material SmBa0.75Sr0.25Fe2O5+δ for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Li Yunfei , Song Ru , Li Aoye , Qiu Dongchao , Wang Biao , Niu Bingbing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this study, Sr doping SmBa0.75Sr0.25Fe2O5+δ (SBSF25) oxide for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) cathode are prepared and investigated its properties. First principles calculation indicates that the oxygen vacancy formation energy of SBSF25 (1.76 eV) is lower than that of SmBaFe2O5+δ (2.49 eV). Doping Sr significantly reduces the band center energy of Fe-3d and O-2p in SBSF25. At 800 ℃, the polarization resistance (Rp) of SBSF25 on SDC and LSGM electrolyte are 0.025 Ωcm2, and 0.018 Ωcm2 in air, respectively. While the Rp of SBF on on SDC and LSGM electrolyte are 0.064Ωcm2, and 0.046Ωcm2 in air, respectively. At 800 ℃, using H2 as fuel, the maximum power density (MPD) of fuel cell with SBSF25, SBF as cathode reaches 758.6 mW/cm2 and 670.2mW/cm2, respectively. Sr doping SBF significantly improves the Rp stability in air and containing CO2 atmosphere. This results indicated that SBSF has good electrochemical performance and stability as intermediate temperature SOFCs cathode.
Multi-user Watermarking Based on Paralleled Invertible Neural Networks
Authors: Shi Jinghui , Yang Zhiguang , Li Li , Ye Jingyu , Dong Zhicheng , Wu Hanzhou 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, more and more deep-faked audios have emerged in cyberspace, leading to an urgent need for detecting and tracing deep fake audios. Watermarking provides an active method for detecting deep-faked audios, and especially through multi-bit watermarking technology. Multiple watermarks can provide stronger protection and tracking capabilities in various scenarios. Especially users can upload audios that incorporate with both personal watermarks of lyricist and composer and platform watermarks, ensuring a better monitor the dissemination and usage of audio. The current methods for embedding multi-user watermarks require training multiple networks, and these networks may interfere with each other during the training process. To address this issue, we propose an audio watermarking technique based on Paralleled Invertible Neural Networks (PINN), which allows splitting a single network into multiple networks for multi-user watermark embedding while training only one network. Specifically, we design a parallel-structured invertible neural network. This reversible structure is flexible, allowing the network to be split into multiple sub-networks for watermark rewriting or multi-user watermark embedding, with these embedded watermarks being independent of each other. By embedding multiple watermarks in the carrier, deep-faked audio can be identified and its source traced. Each watermark can be rewritten through a small-scale sub-network without affecting the others, making this approach more convenient in practical applications. Experimental results shows that the proposed method can effectively authenticate audios and has strong resistance to common distortions. Furthermore, partial rewriting experiments demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed method.
optRF: Optimising random forest stability by determining the optimal number of trees
Authors: Lange Thomas Martin , Heinrich Felix , Gültas Mehmet , Schmitt Armin Otto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Machine learning is frequently used to make decisions based on big data. Among these techniques, random forest is particularly prominent in genomic research, where it is used for selecting the best individuals within a test population or for identifying the most important genomic markers. Although random forest is known to have many advantages, one aspect that is often overseen is that it is a non-deterministic method that can produce different models using the same input data. This can have severe consequences on decision-making processes. In this study, we introduce a method to quantify the impact of non-determinism on predictions, variable importance estimates, and the selection process. Our findings demonstrate that increasing the number of trees in random forests enhances the stability in a non-linear way while computation time increases linearly. Consequently, we conclude that there exists an optimal number of trees for any given data set that maximises the stability without unnecessarily extending the computation time. Based on these results, we have developed the R package optRF which models the relationship between the number of trees and the stability of random forest, providing recommendations for the optimal number of trees for any given data set.
Impact of Cobalt Doping on the Structural, Optical, and Electronic Characteristics of xCo:NiO Crystal Lattice
Authors: J Mangaiyarkkarasi , D Sivaganesh , S Sasikumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We employed a cost-effective co-precipitation method to fabricate nanostructures of xCo:NiO where x values of cobalt 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 were utilized. Our subsequent investigation included a thorough characterization of the resulting samples using various techniques, including Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Analysis of the PXRD data unveiled an average crystallite size spanning from 33 nm to 44 nm, determined through the application of the Scherrer formula. The XRD data were used to extract parameters such as lattice constant, cell volume, dislocation density, and microstrain. The application of the maximum entropy method allowed for an exploration of the electronic structure and interatomic bonding within the unit cell of cobalt-doped NiO. These investigations revealed that the incorporation of cobalt authenticates the covalent bond strength between nickel and oxygen, as evidenced by the mid-bond density values. Employing UV-Vis analysis, we determined the optical band gap (Eg) values, falling within the range of 4.371 eV to 4.697 eV, thereby confirming the wide band gap characteristics of NiO. The FTIR findings revealed the existence of significant functional groups at various stages of the synthesis process.
Artificial Neural Networks-Based HVDC System for Transient Stability Enhancement of Nigeria Power Grid
Authors: Ohanu Chibuike Peter , Ogbuefi Uche C. , Ejiogu Emenike 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The increasing disturbances in power system networks present significant challenges to maintaining stability, especially in grid-tied generators, posing risks to synchronism and grid resilience. In this paper, an artificial neural networks (ANN) based high-voltage direct current system is applied as a FACTS device to improve the transient stability of a multi-generator power system. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on Nigeria 330kV 40-bus transmission network using the MATLAB-based Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). An initial system assessment used the Newton-Raphson power flow method and eigenvalue analysis to establish base case stability metrics and to reveal critical stability issues. This analysis shows a significant voltage reduction of 0.70 per unit (pu) and synchronism loss under fault conditions on the test system. The application of proportional-integral (PI) controller-based HVDC systems improved the system to a minimum voltage magnitude of 0.80 pu, which is below the statutory transmission voltage limit of 0.95 to 1.05 pu. Therefore, an ANN-based HVDC system was along the lines and this shows significant improvement with a three-phase fault clearing time reduced to 2 seconds, compared to the 3 seconds obtained with the PI controller-based device. This method improved voltage profile to a minimum voltage magnitude of 0.98 pu, improving system stability and synchronism. The results highlight a 27.8% improvement in voltage magnitude, affirming the proposed method as a superior alternative for transient stability enhancement. This paper provides valuable insights into the integration of intelligent systems for sustainable power grid operation and improved fault resilience in complex power networks.
Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Transformation of Spent NCM811 into Efficient TMO Electrocatalysts
Authors: Jang Haeseong , Kim Hyeeun , Kim Seongkwan , Kim Min-Ho , Hwang Chihyun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The expansion of electric vehicles has increased spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) containing valuable transition metals. Recycling these materials reduces economic costs and addresses resource shortages. Additionally, transition metal-based catalysts derived from spent LIBs can replace expensive noble metal catalysts. This study examines the catalytic performance of spent LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) materials, enhanced by adjusting mixed valence states and defect structures. Increasing calcination temperature transformed the layered structure into spinel and rock salt phases, inducing mixed valence states. Consequently, the optimized NCM catalysts exhibited improved catalytic activity in both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The ORR onset potential increased by 0.07 V, while the OER overpotential decreased by about 26.9%. In a zinc-air battery, the optimized catalyst demonstrated a discharge capacity of 792.1 mAh g⁻¹ and stable performance over 100 cycles. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirmed Mn as the main active site, with Ni and Co enhancing Mn's activity as electron donors and acceptors. These findings suggest that calcination-induced structural changes and mixed valence states enhance Mn site reactivity, improving catalytic performance. Overall, this study highlights the feasibility of repurposing spent LIB cathode materials into efficient electrocatalysts, thereby improving the economic viability and sustainability of catalyst development.
LncRNA-DRNPC competitively binds miR-27a to inhibit EBV-LMP1-mediated ER (Endoplasmic reticulum) stress-metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)
Authors: Cao Xianbao , Cai Lan , Li Tianshu , Feng Chun , Zhang Jinqian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The details of the regulatory mechanism in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma related to lncRNAs are unclear.
Methods
The bio-functions of LncRNA-DRNPC-miR-27a-FAM172A interaction net in the relationships between ER stress, NPC invasion were investigated.
Results
There was high expression of miR-27a and low expression of LncRNA-DRNPC in NPC tumor tissues. LncRNA-DRNPC regulated miR-27a as a ceRNA, and miR-27a inhibited FAM172A expression, which participated in the regulation of ER stress-related NPC invasion induced by EBV-LMP1.
Conclusion
LncRNA-DRNPC competes with miR-27a mediated by FAM172A and participated in the regulation of the NPC cell invasion associated with ER stress.
Variation in soil microbial communityand its mechanisms along an elevation gradient in the Qilian mountains, China
Authors: BAI Li-li , WANG Wen-ying , Liancourt Pierre , Michalet Richard , CHEN Zhe , lamu Deque , CHEN Xiao-yue , XIONG You-cai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Untangling the multiple drivers that affect biodiversity along elevation gradients is crucial for predicting the consequences of climate change on mountain ecosystems. However, the distribution patterns of microorganisms along elevation gradients have not yet been clarified, in particular when associated to strong changes in dominant species. Five typical vegetations (i.e., coniferous forest, meadow grassland, alpine shrub, alpine meadow, and sparse vegetation of limestone flats) from contrasting vegetation belts were selected to explore the influence of elevation gradients on soil microbial communities. The results showed that Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial phylum. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the prevalent fungal phylum. Soil bacterial alpha diversity increased with increasing elevation, while soil fungal alpha diversity showed an obvious mid-elevation pattern. The beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities reflected a clear spatial niche-differentiation, and indicated that herbaceous plants affected soil bacterial communities while shrubs preferred soil fungal communities. Correlation analysis showed that environmental factors had different contributions to the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. Soil bacteria were primarily affected by soil properties whereas fungi were affected by vegetation. Our results can improve the prediction of soil microorganism ecological processes and patterns as related to elevation and provide a theoretical basis for soil microbial prediction in the context of global change.
Impact of Post Operative Tip Apex Distance, Cortical reduction, lateral wall integrity on radiological outcome in unstable trochanteric fractures managed by cephallomedullary nail in elderly
Authors: niraj nishant kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
The global elderly population is steadily increasing, and among the fractures commonly observed in this age group, trochanteric hip fractures are particularly prevalent. Over time, various implant designs have been developed to manage these fractures, with the proximal femoral nail (PFN) emerging as the preferred choice for treating unstable trochanteric fractures due to its biomechanical advantages.
However, despite its benefits, the application of PFN is not without challenges. Complications such as screw cut-out, Z-effect, reverse Z-effect, and suboptimal functional outcomes have been reported in some cases.
This study aims to evaluate the individual and combined effects of key factors—tip-apex distance (TAD), lateral wall integrity, and the type of cortical reduction observed in immediate postoperative images—on the final radiological outcomes in elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures managed using PFN.
Methods:
This study is a retrospective observational study conducted in our institution from June 2021 to December 2023. After fulfilling the inclusion & exclusion criteria of our study, we had 100 patients; 35 males & 65 females with mean age of about 71 years with unstable intertrochanteric fractures managed with proximal femoral nail. All patients were followed for at least a minimum period of 6 months. Regular Antero posterior and lateral view X rays of the operated femur were taken when patient came for follow up and were analysed for signs of radiological union and any mechanical failure.
Results:
Patients with all 3 parameters in acceptable range (i.e.TAD < 25mm, positive cortical reduction in anteroposterior & lateral views and maintained/restored integrity of the lateral cortical wall showed comparatively better radiological outcome with fracture union & less number of mechanical failures.
Conclusions:
We would like to conclude from this study that intertrochanteric fractures fixed using proximal femoral nail with positive cortical support, maintained or restored functional integrity of lateral wall & TAD <25 in the immediate postoperative radiographs had better radiological outcome & lesser incidence of mechanical failure compared to cases where one or more of these criteria were not met intraoperatively.
Features of fatty acid indices in the assessment of metabolic disorders in obese adolescents
Authors: Oleynik O. A. , Samoilova Iu. G. , Matveeva M. V. , Podchinenova D. V. , Shuliko L. M. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The population strategy of modern healthcare is aimed at preventing obesity and its complications. The study of the spectrum of fatty acids is a progressive direction of lipidomics in the diagnosis of metabolic disorders.Aim. To evaluate the possibilities of calculated fatty acid indices in determining the risk of metabolic disorders in obese adolescents.Materials and methods. Single-center observational single-stage comparative study. The study sample consisted of 155 adolescents aged 10–15 years. The main group was represented by 101 participants – 45 boys and 56 girls with diagnosed obesity of exogenous constitutional type, 1–2 degrees (SDS BMI +2,0–+3,0 ). The control group included 54 healthy children with -1<SDS BMI <1: 28 girls and 26 boys. The calculation of SDS BMI was carried out using the WHO computer program “Anthro Plus” for the age category from 5 to 19 years. The levels of fatty acids in the blood serum were determined by chromatomass spectrometry.Results. Significantly lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and higher content of some monounsaturated ω-7 and ω-9 fatty acids, as well as the main representatives of the saturated fatty acid family, were observed in obese adolescents. The values of the ω-3 index, both for whole blood and for erythrocyte membranes, were statistically significantly reduced in the main group. Subintimal inflammatory reaction risk index and PUFA % index/%NLC had high values in boys and girls of both groups. The ω-6/ω-3 index on the background of obesity was increased only in boys. The activity of delta-6-desaturase did not differ statistically significantly between the groups.Conclusions. The presented indices (ω-3 index, risk index of subintimal inflammatory reaction, ω-6/ω-3 index, polyunsaturated/saturated LC index, ω-6 desaturase activity index) require additional study and specification of application conditions, reference values and interpretation rules, especially in the pediatric population.
Vitamin D status in children with latent tuberculosis infection and patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Yarovaya J. A. , Lozovskaya M. E. , Krylova S. A. , Gurina O. P. , Blinov A. E. , Shibakova N. D. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Vitamin D plays an important role in anti-tuberculosis immunity, and the reduction level of this vitamin in the body is critical.Aim. To estimate the probability of diagnosis of active tuberculosis in children with positive ATR-test and/or IGRA test results and different vitamin D status.Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted in 46 children aged 1–14 years from 2021 to 2023 in the Tuberculosis Department of St. Petersburg Children’s Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 3. Exclusion criteria comprised severe immunodeficiency diseases. The examination methods included the complex phthisiological examination and determination of serum calcidiol concentrations (inactive, main form of vitamin D).Results. 93.5% of the examined patients had low levels of this vitamin. The mean calcidiol level in all examined children was 14.60 ± 1.30 ng/ml. The clinical examination identified residual changes after earlier rickets in 80.4% of patients. Moreover, most children had normal blood macroelement concentrations: calcium – in 87.0%, phosphorus – in 67.4%, magnesium – in 84.8% of cases. The probability that active tuberculosis may be diagnosed in children with positive ATR-test and/or IGRA test results and vitamin D deficiency (level less than 20 ng/ml) was higher than in children with vitamin D deficiency and normal level (OR = 10.13 CI [2.32–44.17] Se = 0.75, RR = 2.66 CI [1.16–6.10] Se = 0.42; F = 0.0017; χ2 = 11.060 (p < 0.001); φc = 0.49). Among children with vitamin D deficiency (level less than 20 ng/ml) and active tuberculosis, the proportion of complicated and disseminated forms was 48.1%, while among children with vitamin D deficiency and normal concentration, it was not observed. Discussion. The mean calcidiol level in all examined children was 14.60 ± 1.30 ng/ml, which indicated the absence of active manifestations of rickets during examination, and therefore the prevalence of decreased immune system function due to vitamin D insufficiency.Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is a significant endogenous factor contributing to the development of tuberculosis.