bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Homogenized Human Leukocytes for the Preparation of Anti-Lymphocyte Serum
Authors: JEHN ULRICH W. , RENNER HELMUT H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This is the first report of the preparation of a potent antileukocyte serum produced by immunization with homogenates of human leukocytes. High titers of antibody activity were found against nuclei and a number of other intracellular materials, including several leukocyte enzymes. This antiserum, prepared in rabbits, also had marked in vitro lymphocyte stimulating activity that compared favorable with the activity of antilymphocyte serum prepared with intact cells. Cytotoxicity was enhanced in the presence of complement.
Immunologic Aspects of the Biogenesis of Erythropoietin
Authors: SCHOOLEY JOHN C. , ZANJANI ESMAIL D. , GORDON ALBERT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Immunologic evidence is presented that the interaction of Renal Erythropoietic Factor (REF) and a serum substrate results in the production in vitro of erythropoietin. Antibody capable of neutralizing erythropoietin (ESF) does not combine with either the REF or the serum substrate. Immune serum against the crude REF extract has been produced. This immune serum does not prevent the in vitro action or in vivo production of REF. This failure, however, may result from the diversity of antibodies produced.
Uracil Mustard in the Treatment of Thrombocythemia
Authors: ROBERTSON JEFFREY H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Five patients with thrombocythemia are described. All were successfully treated with uracil mustard including two who were resistant to busulphan or radioactive phosphorus. Uracil mustard reduced the platelet count quickly and a single course of the drug produced a satisfactory remission without undue marrow depression. The results are compared with those which have been obtained with busulphan and radioactive phosphorus. It is concluded that uracil mustard may prove to be the most effective, convenient and possibly the safest, means of treating thrombocythemia.
Ultrastructural Aspects of Antibody Plaque-Forming Cells from Clinically Normal and Overtly Autoimmune NZB Mice
Authors: SIEGEL B. V. , BROOKS R. E. , MORTON JANE I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantitative differences, in terms of antibody plaque-forming cells per mg. spleen, were observed in young and old animals of the BALB/c and NZB mouse strains. Ultrastructurally, antibody-producing cells from spleens of immunologically hyperactive young NZB mice appeared relatively similar to those from overtly autoimmune old NZB mice showing depressed immune responsiveness. There was more extensive dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum in cells of older mice, with some of these cells manifesting increased fragility. Viruslike particles, observed to be located intracisternally, lacked an electron dense nucleoid and were not seen budding from plasma membranes; they were thus unlike the murine leukemia type-C particles reported to be found in organs of NZB mice. Additionally, since these viruslike particles were observed in antibody-producing cells of young and old nonautoimmune BALB/c mice as well as in those of the NZB strain, it is probable that they do not represent the agent responsible for development of autoimmune disease or malignancy.
Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia: Correlation Between Expanded Plasma Volume and Increased Serum Viscosity
Authors: MACKENZIE MALCOM R. , BROWN ELLEN , FUDENBERG H. H. , GOODENDAY LUCY S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 17 patients with Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia, total chromium space, red cell mass, plasma volume and relative serum viscosities were determined; aldosterone excretion was determined in 12. Ten of the 15 patients who manifested elevated serum viscosity at some time during the course of study presented signs and symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome. All patients had increased total blood volume. Fifteen had moderate decreases in red cell mass but all had elevations of plasma volume far in excess of that required to compensate for the lowered cell mass. The degree of the increase in plasma volume correlated (r = 0.74) with the degree of abnormality in relative serum viscosity. Aldosterone excretion in such patients was normal to low. It is concluded that the plasma volume increase is correlated with serum viscosity and is mediated by sodium retention mechanisms not involving modification of aldosterone secretion.
Morphology of Normal Erythrocyte and Acanthocyte Using Nomarski Optics and the Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: KAYDEN HERBERT J. , BESSIS MARCEL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The morphology of normal erythrocytes and of acanthocytes from five patients with abetalipoproteinemia was studied by two relatively new technics. Interference microscopy with Nomarski optics was used to study the red blood cells in the living state; the scanning electron microscope was utilized to give a three dimensional appearance of the fixed red blood cells.
Isotonic saline washing of normal red blood cells produces multiple small uniform projections on the surface of the cell: the crenated red cell. Acanthocytes after saline washings also develop similar projections: the crenated acanthocyte. Crenation of both the normal red blood cell and the acanthocyte is reversed by restitution of a plasma environment and by chemical fixation by glutaraldehyde or osmic acid but the characteristic shape of the acanthocyte is preserved.
A comparison was made of the changes in the shape of the normal red blood cells and acanthocytes induced by alterations in the tonicity of the surrounding medium.
Effects of Hypertonic Stress on The Fine Structure of Sickled Erythrocytes
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The tendency of polymers of sickled hemoglobin (HbS) to align parallel and equidistant to each other has been pointed out in many investigations, and is considered a characteristic feature of erythrocyte sickling. A previous study on stroma-free solutions of sickled hemoglobin, however, suggested that polymers of HbS preferentially assumed radial rather than parallel relationships. Sickled erythrocytes were exposed to hypertonic stress in the present study in order to observe whether parallel bundles of polymers remained intact after removal of the cell membrane. Bundles of polymers in salicylate damaged sickled cells regularly developed branching and radial configurations similar to those found in stroma-free gels. Rotational stress appears to be the dominant factor influencing the relationship of HbS polymers, and the force generated by that tension may be an important factor in erythrocyte sickling.
Rare Variant of Lipid Storage Disorders
Authors: SAIDI PARVIN , AZIZI SADEGH P. , SARLATI REYHANALLAH , SAYAR NASROLAH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 16-year-old boy with brownish pigmentation of the skin, bilateral pingueculae, macular degeneration, hepatosplenomegaly, suggested mental retardation, and abnormal histiocytes in the bone marrow and liver is presented. The morphologic appearance of the histiocytes is unique and specific, and so far only six similar cases have been reported in the literature. The contents of these histiocytes are thought to be phospholipids and glycolipids of sphingomyelin and cerebroside variety, respectively. The significance of the clinical and laboratory findings of these cases and the possible relationship to the lipid storage disorders are discussed.
The Effect of Chromium on Platelet Function In Vitro
Authors: KATTLOVE HERMAN E. , SPAET THEODORE H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sodium chromate inhibits platelet function in vitro. The primary effect is inhibition of connective tissue-induced aggregation. In addition, the primary wave of epinephrine-induced aggregation is moderately inhibited and adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation is mildly inhibited. The effect on connective tissue-induced aggregation is due to inhibition of the platelet "release reaction"; chromate inhibited the release of adenine nucleotides, 14C labeled serotonin and the activation of platelet factor III normally caused by connective tissue. The amount of chromium which must be bound to platelets to inhibit aggregation is 10-100 times the amount of radioactive chromium bound to platelets under the usual conditions of labeling for survival studies. However, this does not imply that chromium labeled platelets function normally.
Bi-Directional Transport of Ferritin in Guinea Pig Erythroblasts In Vitro
Authors: TANAKA YASUKAZU 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Direct morphologic evidence has been presented for a bi-directional flow of ferritin in guinea pig erythroblasts and reticulocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Ferritin intake by means of micropinocytotic vesicles is followed by their confluence and rupture of the large vesicles to the outside within 60 minutes. The origin of ferritin on the red cell surface prior to its uptake by the micropinocytosis (rhopheocytosis) is yet to be determined.
A Possible Subclass of the Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin
Authors: HUISMAN T. H. J. , SCHROEDER W. A. , ADAMS H. R. , SHELTON J. ROGER , SHELTON JOAN BALOG , APELL GERALD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four individuals in two generations of a Caucasian family have about 5 per cent of Hb-F in which the sole type of γ chain is that with alanine in position 136. It is suggested that these heterozygotes may constitute a subclass of the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin-Seattle (α2Aβ276 Glu): An Unstable Hemoglobin Causing Chronic Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: HUEHNS E. R. , HECHT F. , YOSHIDA A. , STAMATOYANNOPOULOS G. , HARTMAN J. , MOTULSKY A. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mild to moderate chronic hemolytic anemia in a mother and her two sons was found to be associated with the presence of about 40 per cent abnormal hemoglobin of rapid electrophoretic mobility: Hb-Seattle. Hb-Seattle was found to be unstable in vitro. It was shown to be due to a replacement of alanine by glutamic acid at position 76 of the β hemoglobin chain. The substitution occurs at the surface of the β hemoglobin chain. The hemoglobin instability was attributed to an abnormal interaction between the substituted glutamic acid and histidine at position β77.
Computer Simulation of Granulopoiesis: Normal and Impaired Granulopoiesis
Authors: KING-SMITH ERIC A. , MORLEY ALEC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A computer model simulating granulopoiesis has been constructed on the basis of two feedback loops, one controlling the rate of production of granulocytes at the stem cell level, the other controlling the rate of release of granulocytes into the blood. This model reproduced the low-amplitude neutrophil oscillation reported in normal individuals and, when mild and severe marrow failure were simulated, resulted in states resembling cyclical and severe noncyclical neutropenia, respectively. The results provide evidence that a number of the periodic features shown by normal and abnormal granulopoiesis occur because granulopoiesis is a feedback-controlled system and suggest that the main assumptions of the model have physical reality.
The Effect of Chronic Iron Deficiency on Some Biochemical Functions of the Human Hemopoietic Tissue
Authors: HERSHKO CH. , KARSAI A. , EYLON L. , IZAK G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In view of the erythroid hyperplasia found in the bone marrow of subjects with chronic iron deficiency anemia, the delayed appearance of reticulocytosis following iron therapy is unexplained. Profound disturbances were observed in some biochemical functions of the bone marrow cells isolated from such patients. There was a substantial decrease in the cellular nucleic acid content, associated with a marked drop in the rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. The utilization of 59iron and of glycine-2-14C for heme production, and of the latter compound for protein synthesis was also reduced, as compared to the findings in bone marrow cells from normal subjects. These metabolic alterations returned to the normal pattern in the bone marrow cell suspensions obtained from the patients following recovery after iron therapy.
The possible implications of these findings are discussed in the light of available information.
Lymphocyte Transformation Induced by Autologous Platelets in a Case of Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: PIESSENS WILLY F. , WYBRAN JOSEPH , MANASTER JOSEPH , STRIJCKMANS PIERRE A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a case of chronic thrombocytopenic purpura, significant lymphocyte transformation could be induced with autologous platelets as a stimulant. The reaction was not due to serum factors since it occurred when culture medium was supplemented either with autologous or pooled human serum. Controls excluded nonspecific lymphocyte transformation. Modulation of normal platelet antigens by viral or chemical factors or adsorption of such factors on the platelet membrane could account for the observed reactions. However, since other auto-antibodies were demonstrated, the hypothesis of altered cellular "self-recognition" mechanisms is tentatively proposed as an alternative explanation for this observation.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria in Myelofibrosis
Authors: HANSEN NIELS EBBE , KILLMANN S.-AA. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ten consecutive patients with myelofibrosis were examined for the following signs of PNH: Ham’s test, the sucrose hemolysis test, low red cell acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) activity and intravascular hemolysis. Two of the patients displayed all these signs and also had clinical symptoms of PNH. Two patients had positive sucrose hemolysis tests, low red cell ACHE and intravascular hemolysis. One patient had a positive sucrose hemolysis test and low red cell ACHE. The remaining patients had no signs of PNH. In two of the patients, the PNH signs disappeared after splenectomy. The concurrence of myelofibrosis and PNH supports the hypothesis that PNH is a disease of the common hemopoietic stem cell.
Correlation of Lymphocyte Transformation and Morphology in the Human Fetal Thymus
Authors: PAPIERNIK MARTINE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study was made of PHA-stimulated thymic lymphocyte transformation in 10 human fetuses ranging from 12 to 22 weeks of gestation. The results were compared with those obtained using circulating blood lymphocytes of the corresponding fetuses in seven cases. The degree of transformation of blood lymphocytes is independent of fetal age. On the other hand, thymic lymphocyte transformation is age-related. Until the 18th week of gestation, the per cent of transformed thymic lymphocytes is comparable to that of blood lymphocytes. After the 18th week of gestation, the per cent of transformed thymic lymphocytes diminishes to the level of adult thymic lymphocytes. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Congenital Agranulocytosis: Prolonged Survival and Terminal Acute Leukemia
Authors: GILMAN PRISCILLA A. , JACKSON DUDLEY P. , GUILD HARRIET G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three unrelated, Caucasian patients with a disorder resembling infantile genetic agranulocytosis have been studied. There was no history of consanguinity. Parents and siblings were normal. Onset occurred before 3 weeks of age and persisted throughout life. All had severe neutropenia, myeloid arrest pattern of the bone marrow, eosinophilia, monocytosis and hyperglobulinemia. Other congenital anomalies were not present. Their clinical courses were characterized by recurrent, severe bacterial infections particularly of the skin, mouth and lungs but without bacteremia. The infections responded to, but were not prevented by antibiotics, which were administered almost continuously. Fungal infections did not occur and viral infections were not severe. Splenectomy and corticosteroids were without apparent benefit. Relative, though transient, neutrophilia occurred during a few episodes of infection. Chromosome analysis was normal in two of the patients. In one, maturation of neutrophilic leukocytes was not observed in cultures of bone marrow to which normal serum or cysteine was added. One boy is living at 14 10/12 years of age, and one died at 13¾ years of disseminated infection. A unique occurrence was the development of terminal acute leukemia (monocytic) in the third patient, a girl at the age of 14¼ years.
A Technique for the Morphological Examination of Hemopoietic Cells Grown in Agar
Authors: TESTA NYDIA G. , LORD BRIAN I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Histological preparations of hemopoietic cells growing in colonies in soft agar were made using a modified squash technique. Colonies were fixed in the Petri dish with 3:1 acetic-alcohol mixture for 1 hour. Individual colonies were pricked out with a microhematocrit tube and placed on a slide. Squash preparations of the cells were then made by the standard method. Preparation for staining the cells was made by immersing the slides in methyl alcohol for 10 minutes. The slides were finally treated with phosphate buffer at pH 6.4 for 45 minutes before staining with MacNeal’s tetrachrome. This technique allowed the recovery and cytological examination of most of the cells growing in a single colony.
The Potentiality of Out-of-cycle Acute Leukemic Cells to Synthesize DNA
Authors: STRYCKMANS P. , DELALIEUX G. , MANASTER J. , SOCQUET M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The blood of 18 patients with acute leukemia was exposed to UV light. Within 2 hours, in all the patients (except one under chemotherapy), nearly 100 per cent of the leukemic blasts showed uptake of 3HTdR as a result of DNA repair replication. Similar exposures of CML blood white cells and chicken blood red cells to UV indicated that myeloid and erythroid cells have no capacity to repair DNA after they have stopped dividing as a result of maturation. This suggests that nonproliferating leukemia blasts are resting cells rather than "end cells."
Feedback Regulation by Red Cell Mass of the Sensitivity of the Erythropoietin-producing Organ to Hypoxia
Authors: NECčAS E. , NEUWIRT J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of short intervals of anemic, hypoxic and CO hypoxia of various degrees on erythropoietin production have been compared in anemic, normal and polycythemic rats. The anemic and CO hypoxia were terminated by the exposure of rats to hyperbaric oxygen. The duration of hypoxic periods of different types of hypoxia ranged from 15 to 120 minutes. The decreased response of erythropoietin production to hypoxia was observed in rats having higher hematocrit. It is assumed that there is feedback inhibition, by the circulating red cell mass, of the sensitivity of the erythropoietin-producing organ to hypoxia.
Reaction of Cold Agglutinins with I Antigen Solubilized From Human Red Cells
Authors: ROSSE WENDELL F. , LAUF PETER K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The antigens reacting with cold-agglutinin antibodies and present in the red cell membranes of human red cells were found in the water-phase when the washed membranes were extracted with n-butanol. The presence of these antigens was demonstrated by agglutination inhibition, complement fixation, and antibody inhibition as determined by the C1 fixation and transfer test. Although antigen and antibody were not able to react at 37°C when the antigen was present in the intact cell, after solubilization, antigen and antibody reacted equally well at 37°C and at 0°C. The amount of anti-I inhibiting activity present in extracts from adult and cord cells was roughly the same, although the amount of antibody fixed to the intact cord cells was less with cord cells.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Egypt: With a Note on the Methemoglobin Reduction Test
Authors: MCCAFFREY RONALD P. , AWNY AMMHED Y. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Six hundred and fifty Egyptian males were screened for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The ascorbate-cyanide test and methemoglobin reduction test were used. An incidence of 4.9 per cent G6PD deficiency was found, in contrast to the previously reported incidence of 26.4 per cent. Good agreement was found between the ascorbate-cyanide test and methemoglobin reduction test. Unreliable results were obtained when previously prepared air-dried reagent tubes (modified methemoglobin reduction test) were used.
Studies on the Regulation of Granulopoiesis. IV. Possible Humoral Regulation
Authors: MORLEY ALEC , RICKARD KEVIN A. , HOWARD DONALD , STOHLMAN FREDERICK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Serum obtained from mice after irradiation shows an enhanced ability to stimulate growth of granulocytic colonies in vitro. This enhanced stimulatory ability of serum is related in both time and magnitude to the neutropenia developing after irradiation and in time to the granulopoietic response of the marrow to the neutropenia. The relationship suggests that the active factor in postirradiation serum might be granulopoietin, the physiological regulator of granulopoiesis.
Characterization of the Coagulant Activity of Cultured Human Fibroblasts
Authors: GREEN DAVID , RYAN CATHY , MALANDRUCCOLO NANCY , NADLER HENRY L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Skin fibroblasts were cultured from normal individuals, from patients with hemophilia, and from known and suspected carriers of hemophilia. All cell lysates studied had similar coagulant activity unaffected by incubation with a specific antibody to factor VIII and, therefore, presumably not factor VIII. Further investigation indicated that the coagulant had many properties indistinguishable from those associated with "tissue factor," including heat lability, sedimentation characteristics, and dependency on factor VII for expression of coagulant activity. The presence of tissue factor in skin fibroblasts is consistent with the wide distribution of this coagulant, and the ability to maintain this material in tissue culture provides an opportunity for further investigation of the role of tissue factor in normal and pathologic states.
The In Vitro Restoration of Red Cell 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Levels in Banked Blood
Authors: OSKI FRANK A. , TRAVIS SUSAN F. , MILLER LEONARD D. , DELIVORIA-PAPADOPOULOS MARIA , CANNON ELIZABETH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The demonstration that red cell levels of 2,3-DPG play a central role in determining the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen has resulted in a renewed interest in methods for maintaining or restoring the level of this organic phosphate in stored blood. The effects of addition of inorganic phosphate, inosine and pyruvate, individually or in various combinations, all in a final concentration of 10 mM were evaluated 1 and 4 hours after supplementation of ACD-stored blood, 21 to 28 days old. In 14 studies the initial 2,3-DPG level averaged 176 mµmoles/ ml. RBC. In normal fresh blood the 2,3-DPG was 4200 ± 400 mµmoles/ml. RBC. Inosine addition raised the 2,3-DPG to 1395, inosine and phosphate to 1528, inosine and pyruvate to 3363, while the combination of inosine, pyruvate and phosphate increased the level to 6637 mµmoles/ml. RBC. After 2-3 hours of incubation most of the 2,3-DPG restoration had occured. The maximum effects did not require prior pH correction of the blood. Although inosine in a final concentration of 10 mM was required for optimum effects, the phosphate and pyruvate concentrations could be reduced to 4 mM. In the presence of inosine and phosphate alone the red cell accumulated large quantities of triose phosphates, fructose diphosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. These levels were reduced by the addition of pyruvate. Pyruvate addition appears necessary to provide sufficient NAD for maximum 2,3-DPG synthesis. Associated with 2,3-DPG restoration of the stored blood there was a rise in the P50 (the oxygen tension at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated) from a mean of 16.7 to 31.6 mm. Hg.