bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength, stiffness, ductility, and dissipated energy reduction of semisupported steel shear walls (SSSW) due to a circular opening
Authors: Shekastehband Behzad , Azaraxsh Ali Akbar 
Published: December 2018

SummarySemisupported steel shear walls (SSSWs) with web plates that are only connected to the beams were proposed as a means of mitigating column demands. In this research, equations for evaluating the reduction factors of performance characteristics (i.e., shear strength, initial stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation) for SSSWs with the circular opening at the center are proposed. Nonlinear quasistatic analyses under cyclic loading were conducted on a series of perforated SSSWs with different slenderness ratio and different perforation diameters to assess the effectiveness of the proposed equations. Based on the results, the performance characteristics of SSSWs are affected directly by the square D/LPTF (D and LPTF are the perforation diameter and the length of the partial tension field along the beam, respectively). Furthermore, the proposed equations underestimate the reduction factors for web plates with higher perforation ratios, D/H (H is the height of web plate). With an increase in the perforation ratio, deterioration of shear strength and dissipated energy is so severe compared with that of initial stiffness and ductility factor. The proposed equations for performance characteristics deterioration have been validated by the good correlation between predicted values and experimental data.
Developmental neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by graphene oxide in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Yang Xiaole , Yang Qiaolei , Zheng Guiwen , Han Shuhong , Zhao Fenghui , Hu Qinglian , Fu Zhengwei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) has emerged as the worldwide promising candidate for biomedical application, such as for drug delivery, bio‐sensing and anti‐cancer therapy. This study was focused on the zebrafish and RAW264.7 cell line as in vivo and in vitro models to assess the potential developmental neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity of GO. No obvious acute developmental toxicity was observed upon treatments with 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/mL GO for five consecutive days. However, decreased hatching rate, increased malformation rate, heart beat rate and hypoactivity of locomotor behavior were detected when exposed to 10 μg/mL GO. Also, RT‐PCR analysis revealed that expressions of genes related to the nervous system were up‐regulated. The potential risk of GO for developmental neurotoxicity may be ascribed to the high level of oxidative stress induced by high concentration of GO. Most importantly, the mRNA levels of immune response associated genes, such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) were significantly increased under environmental concentration exposure. The activation of pro‐inflammatory immune response was also observed in macrophage cell line. Taken together, our results demonstrated that immunotoxicity is a sensitive indicator for assessment of bio‐compatibility of GO.
Applying social influence insights to encourage climate resilient domestic water behavior: Bridging the theory‐practice gap
Authors: Lede Ellin , Meleady Rose 
Published: December 2018

Water scarcity is one of the most pressing issues of our time and it is projected to increase as global demand surges and climate change limits fresh water availability. If we are to reduce water demand, it is essential that we draw on every tool in the box, including one that is underestimated and underutilized: social influence. Research from the psychological sciences demonstrates that behavior is strongly influenced by the behavior of others, and that social influence can be harnessed to develop cost‐effective strategies to encourage climate resilient behavior. Far less attention has been paid to investigate water‐related interventions in comparison to interventions surrounding energy. In this paper, we consider the application of three social influence strategies to encourage water conservation: social norms; social identity; and socially comparative feedback. We not only review their empirical evidence base, but also offer an example of their application in the residential sector with the aim of highlighting how theoretical insights can be translated into practice. We argue that collaborations between researchers and industry are essential if we are to maximize the potential of behavior change interventions to encourage climate resilient water behavior.This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
Connecting and combining rules of aromaticity. Towards a unified theory of aromaticity
Authors: Solà Miquel 
Published: December 2018

Most of the archetypal aromatic compounds present high symmetry and have degenerate highest‐occupied molecular orbitals. These orbitals can be fully occupied resulting in a closed‐shell structure or can be same‐spin half‐filled. This closed‐shell or same‐spin half‐filled electronic structure provides an extra stabilization and it is the origin of several rules of aromaticity such as the Hückel 4N + 2 rule, the lowest‐lying triplet excited state 4N Baird rule, the 4N rule in Möbius‐type conformation, the 4N + 2 Wade–Mingos rule in closo boranes or the 2(N + 1)2 Hirsch rule in spherical aromatic species. Combinations of some of these rules of aromaticity can be found in some particular species. Examples of these combinations will be discussed and the validity of some of these rules will be assessed. Moreover, it is possible to establish connections with some of these rules of (anti)aromaticity and, therefore, they can be partially generalized, which represents a step forward to a future unified theory of aromaticity.This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Standardize the Surgical Technique and Clarify the Relevant Anatomic Concept for Complete Mobilization of Colonic Splenic Flexure Using da Vinci Xi® Robotic System
Authors: Liang Jin‐Tung , Huang John , Chen Tzu‐Chun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe present study is to set up a standardized approach for complete mobilization of colonic splenic flexure using da Vinci Xi® robotic system, based on clarification of the mesenteric structures of distal transverse colon.MethodsThe surgical outcomes and relevant anatomic structures of 104 consecutive patients undergoing robotic resection of primary colorectal cancer with the intent of complete mobilization of colonic splenic flexure using da Vinci Xi® robotic system were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsComplete mobilization of colonic splenic flexure can be efficiently performed by the Xi® robotic system, as demonstrated by short operation time, minimal intra‐operative blood loss, and few surgical complications. Xi® robotic system has overcome the drawbacks of Si® robotic system for the mobilization of colonic splenic flexure. The present study defined the following anatomic hallmarks for the colonic splenic flexure: (1) The transverse mesocolon distal to the inferior mesenteric vein adheres to the low border of pancreas by the avascular fibrous connective tissues, which have been inappropriately named as “mesenteric root”; (2) The colonic splenic flexure abuts closely to spleen with an acute angle in 78.85% (n = 82/104); (3) Only a minority of patients presented with the Riolan branch (15.38%, n = 16/104) or the Moskowitz artery (8.65%, n = 9/104).ConclusionWith increased maneuverability of Xi® robotic arms and the clarification of relevant anatomic concept, the surgical technique for the complete mobilization of colonic splenic flexure can be standardized; and the standardization of surgical technique is the first step toward the enhanced automation in the rapidly evolving robotic systems.
White matter and its relationship with cognition in subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Ohlhauser Lisa , Parker Ashleigh F. , Smart Colette M. , Gawryluk Jodie R. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the earliest stage on the continuum toward Alzheimer's disease. This study examined (1) differences in white matter integrity between individuals with SCD and healthy control subjects and (2) how white matter integrity related to memory and executive function.MethodsDiffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological assessment data were retrieved from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database for 30 individuals with SCD and 44 control subjects.ResultsResults revealed significantly lower white matter integrity in individuals with SCD relative to control subjects in widespread regions, including the bilateral corticospinal tracts, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, fronto‐occipital fasciculi, corpus callosum, forceps major and minor, hippocampi, anterior thalamic radiations, and the cerebellum. There was a widespread relationship between diffusion tensor imaging metrics and executive function in SCD, but not healthy control subjects, and no relationship with memory for either group.DiscussionRelatively lower white matter integrity in SCD may be a useful early biomarker for risk of future cognitive decline. Future research should better characterize the SCD group longitudinally and in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.
Did high sugar-sweetened beverage purchasers respond differently to the excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico?
Authors: Ng Shu Wen , Rivera Juan A , Popkin Barry M , Colchero M Arantxa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate changes in taxed and untaxed beverages by volume of beverage purchased after a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax was introduced in 2014 in Mexico.DesignWe used household purchase data from January 2012 to December 2015. We first classified the sample into four groups based on pre-tax purchases of beverages: (i) higher purchases of taxed beverages and lower purchases of untaxed beverages (HTLU-unhealthier); (ii) higher purchases of both types of beverages (HTHU); (iii) lower purchases of taxed and untaxed beverages (LTLU); and (iv) lower purchases of taxed beverages and higher purchases of untaxed beverages (LTHU-healthier). Next, we estimated differences in purchases after the tax was implemented for each group compared with a counterfactual based on pre-tax trends using a fixed-effects model.SettingAreas with more than 50 000 residents in Mexico.ParticipantsHouseholds (n 6089).ResultsThe HTLU-unhealthier and HTHU groups had the largest absolute and relative reductions in taxed beverages and increased their purchases of untaxed beverages. Households with lower purchases of untaxed beverages (HTLU-unhealthier and LTLU) had the largest absolute and relative increases in untaxed beverages. We also found that among households with higher purchases of taxed beverages, the group with lowest socio-economic status had the greatest reduction in purchases of taxed beverages.ConclusionsEvidence associating the SSB tax with larger reductions among high purchasers of taxed beverages prior to the tax is relevant, as higher SSB purchasers have a greater risk of obesity, diabetes and other cardiometabolic outcomes.
High‐Velocity Friction Experiments Indicate Magnetic Enhancement and Softening of Fault Gouges During Seismic Slip
Authors: Yang Tao , Chen Jianye , Xu Huiru , Dekkers Mark J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHigh‐velocity friction experiments were conducted on two natural fault gouges retrieved from the Yingxiu‐Beichuan fault zone (Sichuan, China), which accommodated the 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake. The experiments simulate large earthquake slip; the rotary shear apparatus enables to gather information as a function of shear displacement (and slip velocity) in a single experiment. The two starting fault gouges are essentially paramagnetic with one containing goethite. The experimentally sheared gouges both show a significant magnetic enhancement and softening with increasing slip distance. Rock magnetic measurements reveal that magnetite was formed during the experiment due to thermochemical reactions of iron adsorbed on clay minerals (smectite, chlorite). Scanning electron microscope observations showed that the new magnetite occurs as spherical and sintered irregular aggregates. This implies a high‐temperature origin. The peak temperatures are estimated numerically to range from ~260 to ~440 °C. Also, during the experiment on the goethite‐bearing fault gouge, goethite was altered, reduced to magnetite due to the decomposition of trace organic matter present in the starting material. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization of sheared samples are linearly increasing with the temperature rise induced by frictional heating; coercivities are decreasing. The grain size of the newly formed magnetite increases with heating temperature. This demonstrates that short‐duration frictional heating generated by fast seismic slip induces thermal alteration: neoformation of ferrimagnetic minerals leads to magnetic enhancement and softening of slip zones. Thus, rock magnetic methods are a useful tool for diagnosing the earthquake slip and estimating the temperature rise of coseismic frictional heating.
Magnetic Anisotropy in Silurian Gas‐Bearing Shale Rocks From the Pomerania Region (Northern Poland)
Authors: Niezabitowska D. K. , Szaniawski R. , Roszkowska‐Remin J. , Gąsiński A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAnalysis of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and anhysteretic remanent magnetization (AARM) was conducted on unconventional gas‐bearing Silurian shale rocks from northern Poland. Samples of these rocks were collected from depths greater than 3,500 m from two drill cores. The aim was to investigate magnetic fabrics to verify current models of depositional conditions, current direction, and/or tectonic evolution. To obtain an in‐depth interpretation, rock magnetic studies, microscopic analyses, and graptolite orientation measurements were performed. The results indicate that the magnetic susceptibility is mainly governed by paramagnetic minerals (phyllosilicates) with a small contribution of ferromagnetic minerals, mostly magnetite. Typically, in the studied mudstones, the AMS and AARM fabrics are characterized by strong bedding‐parallel foliation, resulting mostly from compaction. The foliation is much weaker in the associated early‐diagenetic calcareous concretions. Although the mudstones are almost isotropic in the bedding plane, there is a slight tendency for grouping of magnetic lineation axes with an orientation of approximately NNW‐SSE. The corresponding orientation of the AMS lineation is preserved in the concretions, and the same trend also prevails in the preferred orientation of graptolites. Thus, we interpret this orientation to be related to paleocurrents. The observed directions show that during the Wenlock (Silurian) in the studied part of the Baltic Basin, the dominant currents had an orientation of circa NNW‐SSE along the margin of Baltica. Our results confirm that even in such fine‐grained sediments, in which there are no other unequivocal directional sedimentary indicators, paleocurrent directions can be determined by applying AMS and AARM methodology.
Water Vapor Contribution to Ceres' Exosphere From Observed Surface Ice and Postulated Ice‐Exposing Impacts
Authors: Landis M. E. , Byrne S. , Combe J.‐Ph. , Marchi S. , Castillo‐Rogez J. , Sizemore H. G. , Schörghofer N. , Prettyman T. H. , Hayne P. O. , Raymond C. A. , Russell C. T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTelescopic observations have detected an exosphere around Ceres, composed of either water vapor or its photolytic products. Proposed mechanisms for its formation include sublimation or sputtering from solar energetic particles of buried ice, surface ice, or an optically thin seasonal polar cap. We estimate the amount of water vapor produced by known exposures of water ice, detected in Dawn spacecraft image and spectral data and by ice exposures from subresolution impact craters. We use thermal and sublimation modeling to take into account slope, orientation, and, in the case of water ice within craters, shadowing due to crater walls. We use a Monte Carlo approach to calculate the number of ice‐exposing impacts, where they occur on Ceres' surface, and how long the ice within the impact crater remains bright (e.g., less than one monolayer of sublimation lag). We find that the observed water ice patches on Ceres could account for ~0.06 kg/s of water vapor to (with Oxo crater as the main contributor) and that ice‐exposing impacts that remain bright in appearance after one Ceres year supply 0.08–0.56 kg/s of vapor, depending on the regolith volume fraction of the ice. While water ice has not been detected to date at Occator crater, if it were present we find that Occator is unlikely to be a major contributor of vapor. We find a typical background water vapor production rate from all of Ceres, combining surface and buried ice, of about a few tenths of a kilogram per second.
Demarcating the membrane damage for the extraction of functional mitochondria
Authors: Rahman Md Habibur , Xiao Qinru , Zhao Shirui , Qu Fuyang , Chang Chen , Wei An-Chi , Ho Yi-Ping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDefective mitochondria have been linked to several critical human diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancers and cardiovascular disease. However, the detailed characterization of mitochondria has remained relatively unexplored, largely due to the lack of effective extraction methods that may sufficiently retain the functionality of mitochondria, particularly when limited amount of sample is considered. In this study, we explore the possibility of modulating hydrodynamic stress through a cross-junction geometry at microscale to selectively disrupt the cellular membrane while mitochondrial membrane is secured. The operational conditions are empirically optimized to effectively shred the cell membranes while keeping mitochondria intact for the model mammalian cell lines, namely human embryonic kidney cells, mouse muscle cells and neuroblastoma cells. Unsurprisingly, the disruption of cell membranes with higher elastic moduli (neuroblastoma) requires elevated stress. This study also presents a comparative analysis of total protein yield and concentrations of extracted functional mitochondria with two commercially available mitochondria extraction approaches, the Dounce Homogenizer and the Qproteome® Mitochondria Isolation Kit, in a range of cell concentrations. Our findings show that the proposed “microscale cell shredder” yields at least 40% more functional mitochondria than the two other approaches and is able to preserve the morphological integrity of extracted mitochondria, particularly at low cell concentrations (5–20 × 104 cells/mL). Characterized by its capability of rapidly processing a limited quantity of samples (200 μL), demarcating the membrane damage through the proposed microscale cell shredder represents a novel strategy to extract subcellular organelles from clinical samples.
Serotonin receptors and suicide, major depression, alcohol use disorder and reported early life adversity
Authors: Underwood Mark D. , Kassir Suham A. , Bakalian Mihran J. , Galfalvy Hanga , Dwork Andrew J. , Mann J. John , Arango Victoria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSerotonin neurotransmitter deficits are reported in suicide, major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). To compare pathophysiology in these disorders, we mapped brain serotonin transporter (SERT), 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptor binding throughout prefrontal cortex and in anterior cingulate cortex postmortem. Cases and controls died suddenly minimizing agonal effects and had a postmortem interval ≤24 h to avoid compromised brain integrity. Neuropathology and toxicology confirmed absence of neuropathology and psychotropic medications. For most subjects (167 of 232), a DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis was made by psychological autopsy. Autoradiography was performed in right hemisphere coronal sections at a pre-genual level. Linear model analyses included sex and age with group and Brodmann area as interaction terms. SERT binding was lower in suicides (p = 0.004) independent of sex (females < males, p < 0.0001), however, the lower SERT binding was dependent on MDD diagnosis (p = 0.014). Higher SERT binding was associated with diagnosis of alcoholism (p = 0.012). 5-HT1A binding was greater in suicides (p < 0.001), independent of MDD (p = 0.168). Alcoholism was associated with higher 5-HT1A binding (p < 0.001) but only in suicides (p < 0.001). 5-HT2A binding was greater in suicides (p < 0.001) only when including MDD (p = 0.117) and alcoholism (p = 0.148) in the model. Reported childhood adversity was associated with higher SERT and 5-HT1A binding (p = 0.004) in nonsuicides and higher 5-HT2A binding (p < 0.001). Low SERT and more 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A binding in the neocortex in depressed suicides is dependent on Axis I diagnosis and reported childhood adversity. Findings in alcoholism differed from those in depression and suicide indicating a distinct serotonin system pathophysiology.
Rational design of a triple-type human papillomavirus vaccine by compromising viral-type specificity
Authors: Li Zhihai , Song Shuo , He Maozhou , Wang Daning , Shi Jingjie , Liu Xinlin , Li Yunbing , Chi Xin , Wei Shuangping , Yang Yurou , Wang Zhiping , Li Jinjin , Qian Huilian , Yu Hai , Zheng Qingbing , Yan Xiaodong , Zhao Qinjian , Zhang Jun , Gu Ying , Li Shaowei , Xia Ningshao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSequence variability in surface-antigenic sites of pathogenic proteins is an important obstacle in vaccine development. Over 200 distinct genomic sequences have been identified for human papillomavirus (HPV), of which more than 18 are associated with cervical cancer. Here, based on the high structural similarity of L1 surface loops within a group of phylogenetically close HPV types, we design a triple-type chimera of HPV33/58/52 using loop swapping. The chimeric VLPs elicit neutralization titers comparable with a mix of the three wild-type VLPs both in mice and non-human primates. This engineered region of the chimeric protein recapitulates the conformational contours of the antigenic surfaces of the parental-type proteins, offering a basis for this high immunity. Our stratagem is equally successful in developing other triplet-type chimeras (HPV16/35/31, HPV56/66/53, HPV39/68/70, HPV18/45/59), paving the way for the development of an improved HPV prophylactic vaccine against all carcinogenic HPV strains. This technique may also be extrapolated to other microbes.