bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Parental Age at Conception and Sex Affects Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Human and Fruit Flies
Authors: Mengel-From Jonas , Svane Anne Marie , Pertoldi Cino , Nygaard Kristensen Torsten , Loeschcke Volker , Skytthe Axel , Christensen Kaare , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune , Hjelmborg Jacob , Christiansen Lene 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial trait caused by early as well as late-life circumstances. A society trend that parents deliberately delay having children is of concern to health professionals, for example as advanced parental age at conception increases disease risk profiles in offspring. We here aim to study if advanced parental age at conception affects mitochondrial DNA content, a cross-species biomarker of general health, in adult human twin offspring and in a model organism. We find no deteriorated mitochondrial DNA content at advanced parental age at conception, but human mitochondrial DNA content was higher in females than males, and the difference was twofold higher at advanced maternal age at conception. Similar parental age effects and sex-specific differences in mitochondrial DNA content were found in Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, parental longevity in humans associates with both mitochondrial DNA content and parental age at conception; thus, we carefully propose that a poorer disease risk profile from advanced parental age at conception might be surpassed by superior effects of parental successful late-life reproduction that associate with parental longevity.
Elevated Plasma Growth and Differentiation Factor 15 Is Associated With Slower Gait Speed and Lower Physical Performance in Healthy Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Semba Richard D , Gonzalez-Freire Marta , Tanaka Toshiko , Biancotto Angelique , Zhang Pingbo , Shardell Michelle , Moaddel Ruin ,   CHI Consortium, Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been associated with obesity, muscle wasting, and cachexia. The receptor for GDF-15 was recently identified in the brainstem and regulates food intake and metabolism. The relationship of plasma GDF-15 with the age-associated decline of muscle mass and strength, gait speed, and physical performance in adults has not been well characterized.

Methods
Plasma GDF-15, grip strength, 6-m gait speed, 400-m walking test time, lower extremity physical performance score, appendicular lean mass, and fat mass were measured in 194 healthy adult participants, aged 22–93 years, of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Results
Plasma GDF-15 concentrations increased with age (p &lt; .001) and were higher in whites compared with blacks and Asians (p = .04). Adults with higher plasma GDF-15 had slower 6-m gait speed, longer 400-m walking time, and lower physical performance score in multivariable analyses adjusting for age and race. Plasma GDF-15 was not associated with grip strength, appendicular lean mass, or fat mass.

Conclusions
Elevated plasma GDF-15 is associated with slower gait speed, higher 400-m walking time, and lower physical performance in very healthy community-dwelling adults. The relationship between plasma GDF-15 and sarcopenia-related outcomes may be stronger in the population not selected to be healthy, and this hypothesis should be tested in a representative population.
Efficacy of Primaquine in Preventing Short- and Long-Latency Plasmodium vivax Relapses in Nepal
Authors: Rijal Komal Raj , Adhikari Bipin , Ghimire Prakash , Banjara Megha Raj , Das Thakur Garib , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Imwong Mallika , Chotivanich Kesinee , Day Nicholas P J , White Nicholas J , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Plasmodium vivax is the main cause of malaria in Nepal. Relapse patterns have not been characterized previously.

Methods
Patients with P. vivax malaria were randomized to receive chloroquine (CQ; 25 mg base/kg given over 3 days) alone or together with primaquine (PQ; 0.25 mg base/kg/day for 14 days) and followed intensively for 1 month, then at 1- to 2-month intervals for 1 year. Parasite isolates were genotyped.

Results
One hundred and one (49%) patients received CQ and 105 (51%) received CQ + PQ. In the CQ + PQ arm, there were 3 (4.1%) recurrences in the 73 patients who completed 1 year of follow-up compared with 22 of 78 (28.2%) in the CQ-only arm (risk ratio, 0.146 [95% confidence interval, .046–.467]; P &lt; .0001). Microsatellite genotyping showed relatively high P. vivax genetic diversity (mean heterozygosity, 0.843 [range 0.570–0.989] with low multiplicity of infection (mean, 1.05) reflecting a low transmission preelimination setting. Of the 12 genetically homologous relapses, 5 (42%) occurred in a cluster after 9 months, indicating long latency.

Conclusions
Although there may be emerging CQ resistance, the combination of CQ and the standard-dose 14-day PQ regimen is highly efficacious in providing radical cure of short- and long-latency P. vivax malaria in Nepal.
The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Burn Outcomes in Adult Burn Patients
Authors: Fassel Mikenzy , Grieve Brian , Hosseini Sameen , Oral Resmiye , Galet Colette , Ryan Colleen , Kazis Lewis , Pengsheng Ni , Wibbenmeyer Lucy A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including child maltreatment and household dysfunction, define adverse events that occur before 18 years of age. National and state data show that between 12.5 and 14.5% of the adult population report ≥4 ACEs (HIGH-ACE), respectively. HIGH-ACEs are associated with more chronic health problems. To date, the interaction between ACEs and burn injuries has not been studied. Herein, we sought to define the ACE exposure in our burn patients and its impact on early outcomes. Inpatient and outpatient adult burn survivors (≥18 years of age) were enrolled. Subjects completed surveys assessing adverse experiences (ACEs-18), needs, strengths, and resiliency at consent, and pain, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social participation surveys at 2 weeks to 3 months postinjury. Demographics, burn, and hospital course data were also collected. Chi-square and student’s t-tests were used for descriptive analysis and to compare the groups (HIGH-ACE vs LOW-ACE). The HIGH-ACE group (n = 24; 45.3%) reported more depressive symptoms (P &lt; .04) than the LOW-ACE group (n = 29, 54.7%). HIGH-ACE patients were less resilient when facing stressful events (P ≤ .02) and more likely to screen positive for probable PTSD (P = .01) and to score lower on the Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Profile (LIBRE Profile), which assesses for social participation, in the domain of Family and Friends (P = .015). Our exploratory study suggests that ACE screening may help detect burn patients at risk for a more complicated recovery, thereby promoting personalized assistance in recovery.
Disseminated Hormographiella aspergillata Infection with Lung and Brain Involvement after Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in a 54-Year-Old Man
Authors: Chauhan Aastha , Gruenberg Jessica , Arbefeville Sophie , Mettler Tetyana , Brent Clark H , Ferrieri Patricia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHormographiella is a rare fungal pathogen in humans; however, case reports have described disseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts. This pathogen has been described to yield poor prognosis in patients who harbor it. Herein, we present a case report of autopsy-proven disseminated Hormographiella aspergillata infection, confirmed by DNA sequencing, in a patient experiencing a relapse of leukemia.This 54-year-old Caucasian man with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) that had been diagnosed in 1989, after having received a hematopoietic cell allotransplant from a compatible sibling donor, had B-cell lymphoid-blast phase of CML in April of 2013, with multiple relapses. His most recent relapse was in September of 2016, when bone marrow biopsy showed 90% blasts. The results of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures were positive for filamentous fungus infection. The patient developed encephalopathy and worsening respiratory statusand tachycardia with flutter and hypotension, which resulted in his death.At autopsy, bilateral pleural effusions, multiple right pleural nodules, and subarachnoid hemorrhage were noted. Angioinvasive hyphal fungi were found in the right frontal lobe of the brain and the right upper lobe of the lung. Morphologically, the fungi had multiseptate, branching hyphae. The bronchoalveolar lavage specimen grew a fungus for which the colony morphologic characteristics and microscopic features were compatible with a Hormographiella species. H. aspergillata from the bronchoalveolar lavage was further identified by sequencing the D2 hypervariable region of the large-subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA gene and the full internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions.
Right to Life
Authors: Nizar Smitha 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 10 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which affirms every human being’s right to life. It first explores the efforts made by the drafters of the CRPD to frame the right to life of all human beings. It further examines the wider meaning of the right to life and its application, and traces the interpretation given by the CRPD Committee in its concluding observations. In order to understand the micro-level application of the right, the chapter examines the interpretation and its application by domestic and regional courts. Finally, it explores the individual complaints made under the optional protocol and the consequent interpretation provided. This is done to define the jurisprudence surrounding the right to life and the required measures to strengthen and facilitate its wider application as envisaged under the Convention.
Freedom of Expression and Opinion, and Access to Information
Authors: Varney Eliza 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the effectiveness of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in promoting and protecting the equal right of persons with disabilities to freedom of expression and opinion and access to information, focusing on 21. The discussion draws links between this provision and Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and stresses the importance of the CRPD in applying the right to freedom of expression and opinion and access to information to the specific circumstances of persons with disabilities. Links are drawn also between Article 21 and other provisions of the CRPD, particularly Article 9 on accessibility. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the opportunities and challenges associated with the implementation of Article 21 by states parties to the Convention.
Consent to Be Bound
Authors: Bantekas Ilias 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 43 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The formal act by which a state consents to be bound by a treaty is expressed through ratification. The various legal terms used to denote such consent (ie acceptance, approval, or accession) produce the same functional and legal effect in the international sphere. Their differences lie chiefly in the states’ internal/constitutional sphere. Article 43 CRPD departs from equivalent provisions in other treaties under the UN aegis, as well as other multilateral treaties, at least in phrasing. Other multilateral treaties specifically distinguish between the two classical types of consent: a) that which is open to signatory states, namely ratification, acceptance and approval and; b) that which is open to non-signatories, namely accession. Article 43 does not make this distinction explicit. Its wording seems to suggest that acceptance and approval are excluded from its ambit, but given that both of these produce exactly the same legal effects as ratification, the distinction is practically meaningless.
A bibliometric analysis on cognitive processing of emotional words
Authors: Liu Jia , Fan Lin , Yin Hongshan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo investigate the growth of studies on emotional word processing, co-citations and co-occurring terms in related research were analyzed by using CiteSpace software. Through visualizing the references obtained from Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection of Thomson Reuters, the main research patterns and the hot research topics were identified. The research patterns include processing levels (implicit and explicit processing), the comparison between emotional and neutral words as well as visual emotional word processing under various tasks such as blink modification and subvocal rehearsal. The hot themes are: (1) the neural correlates of negative, positive and neutral words, (2) individual differences in trait anxiety, gender or eating disorders, and (3) audiovisual processing of emotional stimuli (words, faces, pictures, and sounds). Different from the previous review papers, the present study offers a new approach to visualizing relevant data over the past three decades to synthesize scientific research findings on emotional word processing. In addition, suggestions for future work in this area are provided.
An aero mycological analysis of Mucormycetes in indoor and outdoor environments of northern India
Authors: Prakash Hariprasath , Singh Shreya , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash Mandya , Singh Pankaj , Mehta Neha , Shaw Dipika , Ghosh Anup Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Mucormycosis is an angio-invasive infection, predominantly acquired by inhalation of sporangiospores from the environment. However, the burden of Mucormycetes sporangiospores in the air is not well studied. We aimed to estimate the burden of Mucormycetes spores in the outdoor and indoor (hospital) environment across different seasons in north India. A total of 380 air samples from outdoor (n = 180) and indoor (n = 200) environment were included in the study. Air samples were suctioned using air sampler (100 l/min) and cultured on Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) with benomyl for selective isolation of Mucormycetes. The isolates were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The mean spore count (±SD) of Mucormycetes (cfu/m3) in outdoor samples varied from 0.73 (±0.96) to 8.60 (±5.70) across different seasons. In hospital, the mean spore count varied from 0.68 (±1.07) to 1.12 (±1.07) and 0.88 (±1.01) to 1.72 (±2.17) for air-conditioned wards and non-air-conditioned wards, respectively. Rhizopus arrhizus was the predominant agent isolated from both indoor and outdoor environment followed by Cunninghamella species. We also report a single isolate of the rare mucormycete agent, Apophysomyces variabilis from outdoor environment. The present study highlights the presence of low spore burden of Mucormycetes in outdoor and hospital settings in north India. This study also reports the first isolation of A. variabilis from air samples in the Indian subcontinent.
Microsurgical Ligation of Residual Fistulous Arteriovenous Shunt From a Radicular Artery to a Thoracic Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: See Alfred Pokmeng , Fehnel Katie Pricola , Orbach Darren B , Smith Edward R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The literature has long attempted distinct classifications of arteriovenous fistulae and arteriovenous malformations of the spine.
1-3
It is worth noting that lesions can become more complex during recurrence and may not adhere to traditional definitions. In these cases, recognizing the principles of pathology and pathophysiology can guide management and treatment. We present the case of a spinal arteriovenous malformation with recurrence after prior treatment that is managed in the setting of a second opinion with a multidisciplinary approach. This case demonstrates (1) an evolution of recurrent arteriovenous shunting pathology observed both in the endovascular suite, and under direct microscopic visualization and (2) considerations in multimodal treatment with endovascular devices during microsurgical dissection and extirpation.
This manuscript was prepared with informed assent provided by the patient (a minor) and with informed consent by the parent of the patient, who is their legal representative and health-care proxy.
Anterior Transpetrosal Approach for Trigeminal Schwannoma with Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Artery: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Matsushima Ken , Kohno Michihiro , Izawa Hitoshi , Tanaka Yujiro 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The surgical management of trigeminal schwannomas often requires complicated skull base approaches based on detailed anatomical understanding because of the involvement of multiple compartments of the trigeminal nerve from its root to the peripheral branches. When there is vital anatomical anomaly around the tumor, this can make the surgical management and anatomical understanding more difficult.
1,2
This video demonstrates the microsurgical removal of a dumbbell-shaped trigeminal schwannoma via the anterior transpetrosal transtentorial approach in a patient with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery, the most common persistent embryonic carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis. A 32-yr-old woman presented with progressive facial sensory impairment, dizziness, and slight diplopia because of right abducens palsy. Neuroimaging revealed a right Meckel's cave tumor extending to both the middle and posterior cranial fossae and displacing the abducens nerve inferomedially. The persistent primitive trigeminal artery, which is an anomalous communication between the cavernous carotid and basilar arteries, was identified ventral to the tumor. While preserving most of the noninvaded trigeminal nerve, gross-total resection was achieved under direct visualization of the abducens nerve and persistent primitive trigeminal artery, piercing the dura of the posterior cavernous sinus and coursing medially along the clivus. The patient's facial sensory impairment and diplopia almost disappeared without new neurological deficits or tumor recurrence during the follow-up period of 1 yr. Three-dimensional reconstructed images demonstrated the anatomical relationship of the tumor, the persistent primitive trigeminal artery, and the extent of osseous drilling of the petrosectomy. Informed consent was obtained from the patient.
Genomes from Bacteria Associated with the Canine Oral Cavity: a Test Case for Automated Genome-Based Taxonomic Assignment
Authors: Coil David A. , Jospin Guillaume , Darling Aaron E. , Wallis Corrin , Davis Ian J. , Harris Stephen , Eisen Jonathan A. , Holcombe Lucy J. , O’Flynn Ciaran 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTaxonomy for bacterial isolates is commonly assigned via sequence analysis. However, the most common sequence-based approaches (e.g. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny or whole genome comparisons) are still labor intensive and subjective to varying degrees. Here we present a set of 33 bacterial genomes, isolated from the canine oral cavity. Taxonomy of these isolates was first assigned by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, Sanger sequencing, and taxonomy assignment using BLAST. After genome sequencing, taxonomy was revisited through a manual process using a combination of average nucleotide identity (ANI), concatenated marker gene phylogenies, and 16S rRNA gene phylogenies. This taxonomy was then compared to the automated taxonomic assignment given by the recently proposed Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB). We found the results of all three methods to be similar (25 out of the 33 had matching genera), but the GTDB approach was less subjective, and required far less labor. The primary differences in the remaining taxonomic assignments related to proposed taxonomy changes by the GTDB team.
Sickle cell disease complications: prevalence and resource utilization
Authors: Shah Nirmish , Bhor Menaka , Xie Lin , Paulose Jincy , Yuce Huseyin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the prevalence rate of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) episodes, rates of uncomplicated and complicated VOC episodes, and the primary reasons for emergency room (ER) visits and inpatient admissions for sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. The Medicaid Analytic extracts database was used to identify adult SCD patients using claims from 01JUL2009-31DEC2012. The date of the first observed SCD claim was designated as the index date. Patients were required to have continuous medical and pharmacy benefits for ≥6 months baseline and ≥12 months follow-up period. Patient demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, the rate of uncomplicated and complicated VOC (VOC with concomitant SCD complications) episodes, and reasons for ER visits and inpatient stays were analyzed descriptively. A total of 8,521 patients were included in the analysis, with a median age of 30 years. The average follow-up period was 2.7 years. The rate of VOC episodes anytime in the follow-up was 3.31 in person-years. During the first-year follow-up period, an average of 2.79 VOC episodes were identified per SCD patients, with 1.06 VOC episodes treated in inpatient setting and 0.90 VOC episodes in ER without admission. A total of 76,154 VOC episodes were identified during the entire follow-up period for the overall SCD patients. Most of the VOC episodes (70.3% [n=53,523]) were uncomplicated episodes, and 29.7% were complicated episodes. Using primary diagnosis claims only, the most frequent complications during the VOC episode were infectious diseases (25.9%), fever (21.8%), and pulmonary disorders (16.2%). Among ER and hospitalizations related to VOC or SCD complication, ~85.0% had VOCs as the primary reason for admission; 15.0% had SCD complications as the primary reason. In summary, SCD and its related comorbidities and complications result in high acute health care utilization. In addition, VOC remains the primary reason for SCD patients’ ER visits and inpatient admissions.
A non-Dicer RNase III and four other novel factors required for RNAi-mediated transposon suppression in the human pathogenic yeastC. neoformans
Authors: Burke Jordan E. , Longhurst Adam D. , Natarajan Prashanthi , Rao Beiduo , Liu S. John , Sales-Lee Jade , Mortensen Yasaman , Moresco James J. , Diedrich Jolene K. , Yates John R. , Madhani Hiten D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe human pathogenic yeastCryptococcus neoformanssilences transposable elements using endo-siRNAs and an Argonaute, Ago1. Endo-siRNAs production requires the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Rdp1, and two partially redundant Dicer enzymes, Dcr1 and Dcr2, but is independent of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation. We describe here an insertional mutagenesis screen for factors required to suppress the mobilization of theC. neoformans HARBINGERfamily DNA transposonHAR1. Validation experiments uncovered five novel genes (RDE1-5) required forHAR1suppression and global production of suppressive endo-siRNAs. Loss of theRDEgenes does not impact transcript levels, suggesting the endo-siRNAs do not act by impacting target transcript synthesis or turnover.RDE3encodes a non-Dicer RNase III related toS. cerevisiaeRnt1,RDE4encodes a predicted terminal nucleotidyltransferase, whileRDE5has no strongly predicted encoded domains. Affinity purification-mass spectrometry studies reveal that Rde3 and Rde5 are physically associated.RDE1encodes a G-patch protein homologous to theS. cerevisiaeSqs1/Pfa1, a nucleolar protein that directly activates the essential helicase Prp43 during rRNA biogenesis. Rde1 copurifies Rde2, another novel protein obtained in the screen, as well as Ago1, a homolog of Prp43, and numerous predicted nucleolar proteins. We also describe the isolation of conditional alleles ofPRP43, which are defective in RNAi. This work reveals unanticipated requirements for a non-Dicer RNase III and presumptive nucleolar factors for endo-siRNA biogenesis and transposon mobilization suppression inC. neoformans.