bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Irisin levels in nondiabetic HIV‐infected males are associated with insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and subclinical atherosclerosis
Authors: Moreno‐Perez Oscar , Reyes‐Garcia Rebeca , Muñoz‐Torres Manuel , Merino Esperanza , Boix Vicente , Reus Sergio , Giner Livia , Alfayate Rocío , Garcia‐Fontana Beatriz , Sanchez‐Paya Jose , Picó Antonio , Portilla Joaquín 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveHIV infection is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Irisin is a miokyne secreted by skeletal muscle, which may influence insulin homeostasis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between serum irisin, insulin homeostasis, NAFLD and subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV‐infected males.DesignCross‐sectional study in a cohort of HIV‐infected patients.PatientsInclusion criteria: men older than 18 years; antiretroviral therapy (ART) ‐naïve or on effective ART (<50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL) without changes in the previous 6 months; no diabetes or hepatitis C.MeasurementsIrisin was measured by enzymatic immunoassay (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals), insulin sensitivity by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), as well as the 2‐hour continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment (CIGMA‐HOMA). Hepatic steatosis was measured by 1‐H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, subclinical atherosclerosis by evaluation of carotid intima‐media thickness (C‐IMT), measured by Ultrasonography.ResultsEight nine men (age 42.0 ± 8.3 years, duration of HIV infection 7.9 ± 5.6 years, CD4 count 547 ± 279 cells/mL) were included. Circulating irisin was positively related to HOMA‐IR and CIGMA‐HOMA, hepatic triglyceride content, and to VAT/SAT ratio. Higher irisin concentrations were associated with higher C‐IMT, although this association did not persist in multivariate analysis. Lipodystrophy and a higher baseline PAI‐1 concentration were independently associated with C‐IMT.ConclusionsIn male HIV patients without diabetes, higher irisin concentrations are positively associated with insulin resistance, NAFLD and subclinical atherosclerosis. However, waist‐hip‐ratio is the main determinant of insulin resistance, and PAI‐1 and lipodystrophy were the strongest determinants of IMT in this population.
Eight‐year trends in the Australian surgical approach to pterygium removal
Authors: Hirst Lawrence W , Battistuta Diana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImportancePterygium is a very common disease in Australia but the statistical data on the provision of pterygium surgical services is poorly understood.BackgroundThis study evaluated the trends in the types of surgeries performed for pterygium in Australia over an eight period.DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsAll surgeries performed for pterygium in Australia from 2005 to 2010 in the Medicare system.MethodsEight years of Medicare data were analysed for services performed with pterygium removal.Main Outcome MeasuresConcurrently used MBS item numbers 42 686 (pterygium removal) with 42 641 (conjunctival autograft) and also 42 686 with any other ophthalmic item number.ResultsPterygium removal was undertaken together with conjunctival autografting in 73% of patients in 2005 rising to 88% in 2010. Five other non‐related surgical procedures were performed simultaneously with pterygium removal in 10% of patients in 2005 decreasing to 5.9% in 2012.Conclusions and RelevanceAbout 12% of pterygium surgeries are not combined with a conjunctival autograft. It is possible that these may have been used with an adjuvant such as mitomycin or radiotherapy, or performed as simple excision. Allowing for the possibility that billing errors may have occurred it is still likely that in 5.9% of patients, other procedures that would normally not be performed with pterygium surgery, are undertaken simultaneously and may have an adverse outcome on the inappropriate concurrent surgery and on the recurrence rate of the pterygium. The surgeon should carefully review billing codes before submitting them to Medicare.
Bees in the medieval economy: religious observance and the production, trade, and consumption of wax in England, c. 1300–1555
Authors: Sapoznik Alexandra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe high and late middle ages saw a significant increase in demand for beeswax, a fundamental component of medieval Christian devotion, spurred by both changing socio‐economic conditions and shifts in religious practice. The vast quantities of wax needed for churches and religious foundations in England drove a thriving international trade spanning from the hinterland of Novgorod to the port of Lisbon, while at the same time encouraging widespread domestic beekeeping. This article considers the impact of supply‐side constraints and increasing demand on wax prices, calculating the cost and quantity of wax purchased by large foundations, parish churches, and individual offerings, to reveal the hitherto underexplored impact of religious consumption on the medieval economy.
Ferroelectric and magnetoelectric origins of multiferroic SmCrO3
Authors: Ding Jun , Wen Liwei , Li Haidong , Hao Haoshan , Zhang Ying 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe investigated the magnetic and ferroelectric properties of orthochromite SmCrO3 by using density functional theory simulations. The atom coordinates of both Pbnm and Pna21 were calculated, and Pna21 was found to be the ground state structure. The spontaneous polarization in Pna21 structure is sensitive to delicate structure change which is induced by different antiferromagnetic order, and its direction is along the c axis. The spin structure of Pbnm was analyzed and it was found to not support ferroelectricity. The results revealed the origin of ferroelectricity of multiferroic SmCrO3 and explained the magnetoelectric effect.
Genetic variants of MGMT, RHPN2, and FAM49A contributed to susceptibility of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in a Chinese population
Authors: Chen Chunyu , Guo Qiang , Shi Jinna , Jiao Xiaohui , Lv Kewen , Liu Xiaotong , Jiang Yuxin , Hui Xiang , Song Tao 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe role of underlying genetic factors in the pathogenesis of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOC) remains poorly understood. Although genomewide association studies (GWASs) of NSOC have successfully identified a large number of novel genetic risk loci, association results of replication studies are inconsistent across different populations.MethodsSix single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7922405 at 10q26.3, rs73039426 at 19q13.11, rs7552 at 2p24.2, rs1788160 at 8q22.2, rs9381107 at 6p24.3, and rs17095681 at 10q25.3) were analyzed for an association with NSOC in 1062 participants of Chinese descent (596 patients and 466 controls). We applied the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method to detect potential gene‐gene (G × G) interactions in the six SNPs.ResultsThe genotype or allele frequencies of SNPs rs7922405, rs73039426, and rs7552 showed significant differences between the controls and patients with NSOC, whereas no association was shown between three SNPs (rs1788160, rs17095681, and rs9381107) and NSOC. MDR analysis did not reveal significant G × G interactions for susceptibility to NSOC.ConclusionWe confirmed that three genes (rs7922405 of MGMT, rs73039426 of RHPN2, and rs7552 of FAM49A) may contribute to NSOC in Chinese populations. MGMT and RHPN2 are associated with NSOC, which is herein demonstrated for the first time.
Adolescents' Civic Engagement: Concordant and Longitudinal Associations Among Civic Beliefs and Civic Involvement
Authors: Metzger Aaron , Ferris Kaitlyn A. , Oosterhoff Benjamin 
Published: June 2018

Associations between adolescent civic and organized activities (volunteering, standard political, social movement, school/community, religious) and civic beliefs (comprised of should, obligation, and respect judgments) were examined. Cross‐sectional models (N = 703, Mage = 15.87) indicated domain specificity between adolescent civic beliefs and behaviors. Longitudinal models (n = 219, Mage = 15.39) indicated that adolescents' standard political beliefs predicted greater levels of standard political involvement one year later, and school/community activities predicted greater standard political beliefs a year later. Youth volunteering predicted lower standard political beliefs, and standard political involvement predicted lower community service beliefs one year later. Findings support the assessment of adolescent sociomoral civic beliefs and demonstrate how civic experiences and civic beliefs can mutually promote each other during adolescence.
Prognostic factors of survival in HIV/HCV co‐infected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: The CARCINOVIC Cohort
Authors: Gelu‐Simeon Moana , Lewin Maïté , Ostos Maria , Bayan Tatiana , Beso Delgado Maria , Teicher Elina , Layese Richard , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Fontaine Hélène , Sobesky Rodolphe , Salmon‐Céron Dominique , Samuel Didier , Seror Olivier , Nahon Pierre , Meyer Laurence , Duclos‐Vallée Jean‐Charles ,   the ANRS HC EP 25 Prethevic, ANRS CO13 HepaVih and ANRS CO12 CirVir Study Groups
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsHIV/HCV co‐infected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have poorer survival than HCV mono‐infected patients. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors for survival.MethodsFrom 2006 to 2013, 55 incident HCCs among HIV+/HCV+ patients, from three ANRS cohorts, were compared with 181 HCCs in HIV−/HCV+ patients from the ANRS Cirvir cohort.ResultsHIV+/HCV+ patients were younger (50 years [IQR: 47‐53] vs 62 [54‐70], P < 0.001), male (89% vs 63%, P < 0.001) than HIV−/HCV+ patients. At HCC diagnosis, both groups had a majority of non‐responders to anti‐HCV‐therapy, and HIV+/HCV+ patients had more frequently known a previous cirrhosis decompensation (31% vs 14%, P = 0.005). At diagnostic imaging, there were more infiltrative forms of HCC in HIV+/HCV+ group (24% vs 14%, P < 0.001), associated with tumour portal thrombosis in 29%. During a median follow‐up period of 11.96 [5.51‐27] months since HCC diagnosis, a majority of palliative treatments were decided in HIV+/HCV+ patients (51% vs 19%, P < 0.001). The 1 and 2‐year crude survival rates were 61% versus 78% and 47% versus 63%, P = 0.003 respectively. In a Cox model multivariate analysis adjusted for the cohort, age and sex, the most important prognostic factor for survival was the infiltrative form of the tumour (aRR: 8.10 [4.17‐15.75], P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe radiological aggressiveness of the tumour is the best prognostic factor associated with poorer survival of HCC in HIV+/HCV+ patients. High α‐foetoprotein level and decompensated cirrhosis are other ones. This justifies a particular attention to the detection and the management of small nodules in this high‐risk population.
Computer‐Aided Optimization of Surveillance Cameras Placement on Construction Sites
Authors: Yang Xincong , Li Heng , Huang Ting , Zhai Ximei , Wang Fenglai , Wang Chen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSurveillance system is becoming an indispensable system on construction sites with the fast development of computer vision techniques, thus an optimal placement of surveillance cameras is essential for the successful performance of this system. However, to develop effective models and solutions for large‐scale camera placement still remain as opening challenges. Therefore, this study investigated two fundamental placement problems and proposed a multiobjective placement problem, where the maximum‐coverage problem is to monitor the construction layout as much as possible with a limited budget; the minimum‐cost problem is to minimize the cost given a layout required to be fully covered; and the multiobjective problem is to identify the Pareto fronts of cost and coverage ratio of the system. To solve these problems, the objective space and search space were discretized, and the deterministic and heuristic approaches were revised and developed to provide effective solutions. Finally, experiments in a practical project in Hong Kong were conducted to verify the sufficiency of the developed algorithms and findings revealed potential implementations in many scenarios.
Elderly‐onset case of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies: A case report
Authors: Sato Tatsuya , Maekawa Risa , Mitsutake Akihiko , Katsumata Junko , Seki Tomonari , Hideyama Takuto , Shiio Yasushi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a feature of repeated focal pressure neuropathies. The first symptomatic episode usually occurs in the second or third decade of life. We here report a case of 88‐year‐old patient who had recurrent episodes of foot drop since she was 68 years old. Elderly‐onset HNPP is a rare condition that may be misdiagnosed as stroke. Physicians should consider HNPP when seeing repeat entrapment neuropathies regardless of patient's age.
Traditional neonatal care practices in Jordan: A qualitative study
Authors: Mrayan Lina , Abujilban Sanaa , Abuidhail Jamila , Alshraifeen Ali 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTraditional practices during the first months of neonatal life are common in developing countries, such as Jordan. Many international studies and reports have highlighted the fact that traditional neonatal practices are the cause of high neonatal mortality and morbidity rates in some countries. The aim of the present study was to identify neonatal care practices in Jordan. A descriptive, qualitative research design was used across four Jordanian cities across diverse regions. Forty mothers of neonates were interviewed over a period of 6 months (from January to June 2016). Thematic and content analysis was undertaken following Braun and Clarke's six step analysis. The results indicated that in Jordan, home‐based neonatal care comprises non‐biomedical practices. Rubbing the neonate's skin with salt, swaddling, prelacteal feeding, and other treatment modalities are common. Further studies are necessary to determine and report on the pros and cons of these practices in regard to neonatal health.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: intraspecific diversity and pangenomes
Authors: Mathieu Stephanie , Cusant Loïc , Roux Christophe , Corradi Nicolas 
Published: June 2018

Contents

Summary
1129

I.
Introduction
1129

II.
Intraspecific phenotypic variation and the plant host
1130

III.
High inter‐isolate genetic diversity in model AMF
1130

IV.
Genome diversity within the model AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
1131

V.
Pangenomes and the future of AMF ecological genomics
1131

Acknowledgements
1133

References
1133

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous plant symbionts with an intriguing population biology. Conspecific AMF strains can vary substantially at the genetic and phenotypic levels, leading to direct and quantifiable variation in plant growth. Recent studies have shown that high intraspecific diversity is very common in AMF, and not only found in model species. Studies have also revealed how the phenotype of conspecific isolates varies depending on the plant host, highlighting the functional relevance of intraspecific phenotypic plasticity for the AMF ecology and mycorrhizal symbiosis. Recent work has also demonstrated that conspecific isolates of the model AMF Rhizophagus irregularis harbor large and highly variable pangenomes, highlighting the potential role of intraspecific genome diversity for the ecological adaptation of these symbionts.
Evolutionary diversification of CYC/TB1‐like TCP homologs and their recruitment for the control of branching and floral morphology in Papaveraceae (basal eudicots)
Authors: Zhao Yafei , Pfannebecker Kai , Dommes Anna Barbara , Hidalgo Oriane , Becker Annette , Elomaa Paula 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Angiosperms possess enormous morphological variation in plant architectures and floral forms. Previous studies in Pentapetalae and monocots have demonstrated the involvement of TCP domain CYCLOIDEA/TEOSINTE BRANCHED1‐like (CYC/TB1) genes in the control of floral symmetry and shoot branching. However, how TCP/CYC‐like (CYL) genes originated, evolved and functionally diversified remain unclear.

We conducted a comparative functional study in Ranunculales, the sister lineage to all other eudicots, between Eschscholzia californica and Cysticapnos vesicaria, two species of Papaveraceae with actinomorphic and zygomorphic flowers, respectively.

Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CYL genes in Papaveraceae form two paralogous lineages, PapaCYL1 and PapaCYL2. Papaveraceae CYL genes show highly diversified expression patterns as well as functions. Enhanced branching by silencing of EscaCYL1 suggests that the role of CYC/TB1‐like genes in branching control is conserved in Papaveraceae. In contrast to the arrest of stamen development in Pentapetalae, PapaCYL genes promote stamen initiation and growth. In addition, we demonstrate that CyveCYLs are involved in perianth development, specifying sepal and petal identity in Cysticapnos by regulating the B‐class floral organ identity genes. Our data also suggest the involvement of CyveCYL genes in the regulation of flower symmetry in Cysticapnos.

Our work provides evidence of the importance of TCP/CYC‐like genes in the promotion of morphological diversity across angiosperms.
Exogenous sex steroid hormones and asthma in females: protocol for a population-based retrospective cohort study using a UK primary care database
Authors: Nwaru Bright I , Simpson Colin R , Soyiri Ireneous N , Pillinger Rebecca , Appiagyei Francis , Ryan Dermot , Critchley Hilary , Price David B , Hawrylowicz Catherine M , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionFemale sex steroid hormones have been implicated in sex-related differences in the development and clinical outcomes of asthma. The role of exogenous sex steroids, however, remains unclear. Our recent systematic review highlighted the lack of high-quality population-based studies investigating this subject. We aim to investigate whether the use of hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), subtypes and route of administration are associated with asthma onset and clinical outcomes in reproductive age and perimenopausal/postmenopausal females.Methods and analysisUsing the Optimum Patient Care Research Database (OPCRD), a national primary care database in the UK, we will construct a retrospective longitudinal cohort of reproductive age (16–45 years) and perimenopausal/postmenopausal (46–70 years) females. We will estimate the risk of new-onset asthma using Cox regression and multilevel modelling for repeated asthma outcomes, such as asthma attacks. We will adjust for confounding factors in all analyses. We will evaluate interactions between the use of exogenous sex hormones and body mass index and smoking by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction and the attributable proportion due to interaction. With 90% power, we need 23 700 reproductive age females to detect a 20% reduction (risk ratio 0.8) in asthma attacks for use of any hormonal contraception and 6000 perimenopausal/postmenopausal females to detect a 40% (risk ratio 1.40) increased risk of asthma attacks for use of any HRT.Ethics and disseminationWe have obtained approval (ADEPT1317) from the Anonymised Data Ethics and Protocol Transparency Committee which grants project-specific ethics approvals for the use of OPCRD data. Optimum Patient Care has an existing NHS Health Research Authority ethics approval for the use of OPCRD data for research (15/EM/150). We will present our findings at national and international scientific meetings and publish the results in international peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberEUPAS22967.
Association between presenteeism and health-related quality of life among Japanese adults with chronic lower back pain: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Tsuji Toshinaga , Matsudaira Ko , Sato Hiroki , Vietri Jeffrey , Jaffe Dena H 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesThis study investigated the relationship between presenteeism and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Japanese adults with chronic lower back pain (CLBP).DesignThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional study.SettingData were collected via a self-administered online survey of the Japanese adult general population.ParticipantsThe present study used 2014 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) data (n=30 000). Specifically, data were included from NHWS respondents who self-reported being employed in the past week and having experienced LBP in the past month, with these symptoms lasting for at least 3 months (n=239). 84 (35.1%) participants in this study were female.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPresenteeism and HRQoL were measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire-General Health (categorical (none: 0%, low: 10%–20%, high: ≥30%) and continuous) and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, respectively. Covariates included patient demographics, health characteristics, pain characteristics and depression severity (Patient Health Questionnaire).ResultsPresenteeism was reported by 77.4% of respondents. High (vs no) presenteeism related to more severe pain in the prior week (4.9±2.2 vs 3.6±2.1, p=0.001) and currently (5.1±2.1 vs 3.9±3.9, p=0.007), more pain sites (1.9±1.6 vs 1.1±1.4, p=0.004) and greater depression severity (7.5±6.5 vs 3.6±3.6, p<0.001). Adjusting for covariates, high (vs no) presenteeism related to lower mental and physical HRQoL. For low versus no presenteeism, significant HRQoL differences were observed in general health (43.0, 95% CI 40.3 to 45.6 vs 46.9, 95% CI 43.9 to 49.8, p=0.015).ConclusionsMost respondents experienced presenteeism. Those with high or low presenteeism had poorer HRQoL than respondents with no presenteeism. Monitoring presenteeism rates may help identify workers with an unmet need for better CLBP-related pain management.