bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-World Evidence of Differences in Biomarkers of Exposure to Select Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents and Biomarkers of Potential Harm Between Adult E-Vapor Users and Adult Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Oliveri Douglas , Liang Qiwei , Sarkar Mohamadi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Real-world evidence regarding likely long-term health effects of e-vapor products (EVP) under actual use conditions relative to cigarette smoking is not well studied.

Methods
In this cross-sectional, observational study, biomarkers of exposure (BOE) to select harmful and potentially harmful constituents and biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH) relevant to smoking-related diseases were measured in exclusive adult EVP users (AEVP, n = 144) and exclusive adult cigarette smokers (AS, n = 73). AEVP used their own brand of EVP for 6+ months following 10+ years of cigarette smoking and AS smoked own brand of cigarettes for 10+ years. Subject recruitment and informed consent were obtained online and urine/blood samples were collected at local clinical laboratories, representing a new paradigm for collecting real-world evidence.

Results
The levels of total NNAL (NNK metabolite), 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (acrolein metabolite), and carboxyhemoglobin (carbon monoxide measure) were 46% to 86% lower in AEVP compared with AS (p ≤ .0001) as was nicotine equivalents (nicotine and its five metabolites; 36%, p &lt; .01). The levels of some BOPH were significantly lower in AEVP compared with AS for 11-dehydrothromboxane-B2 (29%, p = .04; platelet activation), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (23%, p = .02; oxidative stress) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (16%, p = .02; endothelial function).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the feasibility of a new approach for collecting real-world evidence. Substantially lower levels of BOEs (NNK, nicotine, acrolein, carbon monoxide) and favorable differences in BOPHs (platelet activation, oxidative stress, endothelial function) suggest EVP users may have lower health risks than cigarette smokers.

Implications
Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases. Switching from a combustible tobacco product to a noncombustible product is a potential harm reduction pathway for adult smokers unable or unwilling to quit. Real-world evidence regarding the relative risk of EVP use compared with cigarettes is not well established. This study provides data specific to BOE to tobacco smoke constituents and biomarkers of potential harm collected under actual use conditions in a real-world setting. The totality of evidence suggests that exclusive EVP use may present lower health risk compared with smoking cigarettes.
Implications of a Field-Based Police Leadership Development Programme
Authors: Davies Amanda , Heysmand Matt 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Evolving demands of the global police community to provide authentic, impactful leadership education and training programmes remain unabated. At the centre of this article is the evaluation of the impact of a unique simulation-based learning for leadership development for police officers. A mixed-method approach including field-based interviews 6 months post programme participation was applied to capture the officers’ perspective of their experience and the potential short- and long-term implications. The evaluation included the officers’ supervisors providing an important contribution in understanding the perception of the influence of the programme on the officers’ development and contribution to their professional practice. The key learning initiative discussed in the article is the influence of the unique mobile simulation-based learning approach for transfer of leadership learning to application in the field. The findings indicate that the learning experience is influential in supporting the development of the officers’ leadership capability and application in their operational duties and their approach to leadership and decision-making beyond the professional to their personal lives. Furthermore, the programme content and delivery design offer an efficient and effective leadership development strategy that is realizing tangible benefits for the officers, the organization, and the community they serve.
Measuring Aggregate Price Indices with Taste Shocks: Theory and Evidence for CES Preferences*
Authors: Redding Stephen J , Weinstein David E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We develop an approach to measuring the cost of living for CES preferences that treats demand shocks as taste shocks that are equivalent to price shocks. In the presence of relative taste shocks, the Sato-Vartia price index is upward biased because an increase in the relative consumer taste for a variety lowers its taste-adjusted price and raises its expenditure share. By failing to allow for this association, the Sato-Vartia index underweights drops in taste-adjusted prices and overweights increases in taste-adjusted prices, leading to what we call a “taste-shock bias.” We show that this bias generalizes to other invertible demand systems.
SIMULATION OF THE RESPONSE OF A LaBr3(Ce) DETECTOR IN AN ATMOSPHERE CONTAMINATED WITH RADIONUCLIDES AFTER A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT
Authors: Urban Tomáš , Vágner Petr 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using detectors based on LaBr3(Ce) scintillation crystal as part of gamma spectrometry systems for field use and possibly as part of a monitoring network around nuclear power plants, i.e. whether LaBr3(Ce) detectors can follow the classical scintillation detectors based on NaI (Tl). For this purpose, the Monte Carlo simulation of the IPROL-1 probe response was performed in the simplified geometry of the radionuclides-contaminated atmosphere. A study shows that a LaBr3(Ce)-based probe is usable for this purpose and results are at least comparable to those with a conventional NaI (Tl)-based probe.
How Wide Should the Excision Margins for Facial Small Aggressive Basal Cell Carcinoma Be? Experience With 306 Cases
Authors: Ariza Santiago A. , Calderón Diana C. , Aristizábal Juan C. , Parra-Medina Rafael 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND
Subclinical extension (SCE) of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) may be responsible for incomplete resection of the tumor. The aggressive histological patterns (micronodular, infiltrative, and morpheaform) have greater tendencies toward invading surrounding tissues in an irregular pattern.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the SCE of small facial aggressive BCCs excised using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An observational case series study. Data of patients with facial BCCs with aggressive histological patterns, less than or equal to 6 mm in diameter in high risk site (H zone), and 10 mm in intermediate risk site (M zone), treated with MMS between January 2008 and December 2016, were included.

RESULTS
This study included 306 histologically confirmed lesions retrieved from 1,196 clinical records reviewed. Median size of tumors was 5.7 mm (interquartile range: 5–6 mm). Resection of the tumors using 2, 3, and 4 mm margins achieves complete excision of the lesion including the subclinical extension area in 73.9%, 94.4%, and 99% of cases, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The present study demonstrated that a 4-mm resection margin was enough to eradicate the lesion completely in 99% of cases of primary small facial BCCs with aggressive histological patterns.
Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of Prolapsed Orbital Fat Resection During Involutional Entropion Repair
Authors: Prendes Mark A. , Geng June , Ediriwickrema Lilangi S. , Areephanthu Christopher , Burchell Patrick , Kikkawa Don O. , Nunery William R. , Korn Bobby , Harold Lee H. B. 
Published: September 2019

The authors propose that orbital fat prolapse contributes to the mechanics of involutional entropion and that conservative orbital fat resection during surgical repair of entropion can be done safely, resulting in low recurrence rates.

Purpose:
To assess the recurrence rate of involutional entropion in patients treated with a combined approach including a modified Bick procedure, excision of preseptal orbicularis muscle, and conservative resection of prolapsed orbital fat.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing repair of involutional entropion with the combined procedure including orbital fat resection and a second group with standard entropion repair without orbital fat resection was performed. Only patients with follow-up greater than 6 months were included in the study.

Results:
Seventy eyelids of 54 patients met all inclusion criteria for the combined procedure group over a 9-year period from 2008 to 2016. Average follow-up was 46.9 months. There was a documented recurrence of entropion in 1 eyelid during the follow-up period (1.4%). The remaining 69 cases had successful subjective and objective results without need for any additional procedures. In the group undergoing entropion repair without fat resection, 22 eyelids of 19 patients had the required follow-up period with a recurrence rate of 4.5% (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The authors demonstrate good surgical success with a combined approach of a modified Bick procedure, preseptal orbicularis excision, and conservative orbital fat resection. Conservative fat resection during entropion repair was found to be safe, and the combined procedure was found to be effective with a rate of recurrent entropion of 1.4% on extended follow-up.
Integrative Medicine Therapies for Pain Management in Cancer Patients
Authors: Deng Gary 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPain management for cancer patients should include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. Integrative medicine therapies, such as mind-body practice, acupuncture, massage therapy, and music therapy, have been studied for their roles in pain management. Data from randomized controlled trials support the effect of hypnosis, acupuncture, and music therapy in reduction of pain. Mindfulness meditation, yoga, qigong, and massage therapy, although may not reduce pain per se, can relieve anxiety and mood changes, which are commonly associated with pain. In clinical practice, one should also consider burdens and risks to patients, patient preference, and the presence or absence of better alternatives when making decisions on whether an integrative medicine therapy is of clinical value.
Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbs in Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Liu Jie , Mao Jun J. , Wang Xin Shelley , Lin Hongsheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Despite wide empirical use and demand for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs worldwide, high-quality clinical trials of TCM herbs in oncology are limited. We developed recommendations for rigorous clinical trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy for oncology patients. To accomplish this goal, the TCM & Cancer Research Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association convened a working group of oncologists, TCM experts, clinical researchers, biostatisticians, and industry/government representatives to develop principles and approaches for TCM cancer drug clinical trials. They identified 2 categories of herbal drugs based on therapeutic intent: survival improvement and symptom management. The working group also emphasized the need to adopt international standards when appropriate for TCM herbal drug approval and to develop methodology to standardize diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches, and outcome measures according to defining TCM characteristics. These recommendations aim to improve study design and methods to inform rigorous investigation of TCM herbs in patients with cancer.
Polymorphisms in FGF3, FGF10, and FGF13 May Contribute to the Presence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients Who Required Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Horta Karla Carpio , Weiss Suyany Gabriely , Miranda Katheleen , Sebastiani Aline Monise , Costa Delson João da , Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakane , Marañón-Vásquez Guido Artemio , Vieira Alexandre Rezende , Scariot Rafaela , Küchler Erika Calvano 
Published: September 2019

Background:
To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms in FGF3, FGF10, and FGF13 are associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients that presented dentofacial deformities requiring orthognathic surgery.

Material and Methods:
The sample comprised a total of 113 patients of both sexes. The diagnosis of TMD was performed before orthognathic surgery between Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC-TMD). According to the TMD assessment, the patients were divided into 3 major groups: myofascial pain, articular disc displacements and other TMD conditions (arthralgia, arthritis, and arthrosis). Genomic DNA was collected from saliva samples and genetic polymorphisms in FGF3 (rs1893047 and rs7932320), FGF10 (rs900379) and FGF13 (rs5931572 and rs5974804) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reactions. The association between the TMD conditions and the genetic polymorphisms assessed were analyzed by Poisson Regression. The model was calculated on bivariate and adjusted by sex. The established alpha was 5%. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software (IBM, Armonk, NY).

Results:
The genetic polymorphisms rs7932320 in FGF3 (P < 0.001) and rs900379 in FGF10 (P < 0.05) were associated with the presence of muscle disorder. The genetic polymorphisms rs1893047 in FGF3, rs900379 in FGF10, and rs5974804 and rs5931572 in FGF13, were associated with the presence of disk displacement (P < 0.05). The genetic polymorphisms rs1893047 and rs7932320 in FGF3, rs900379 in FGF10, and rs900379 in FGF10 were associated with other TMD conditions (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Genetic polymorphisms in FGF3, FGF10, and FGF13 genes were associated with temporomandibular disorders in a population with dentofacial deformities.
Antithymocyte Globulin Antibody Titer Congruent With Kidney Transplantation: Analysis of Incidence, Outcomes, Cost, and Alternative Targets
Authors: Lattimore Sherene , Skill Nicholas J. , Maluccio Mary A. , Elliott Holly , Dobben Elizabeth , Shafuddin Asif , Goggins William C. 
Published: September 2019

Background.
Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) use for immunosuppression induction is widespread but is contraindicated by the presence of anti-rATG antibodies. This study reports the incidence of positive anti-rATG antibody titers in patients before and after renal transplant and evaluates associated outcomes and costs. In addition, it will correlate CD40L and interleukin (IL)-21 with anti-rATG antibody titers.

Methods.
Clinical and billing records from the Indiana University Transplant Laboratory were reviewed for positive versus negative anti-rATG antibody titers, graft survival, and 7-day readmission costs between 2004 and 2018. Serum from patients with positive and negative rATG antibody titers were quantitated for CD40L and IL-21 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results.
On average, between 2004 and May 2018, 163 kidney transplants per year were performed. Anti-rATG antibody titers were ordered for 17 patients/year, of which 18.2% were positive at 1:100 titer either pre- or post-transplant. Time to graft loss correlated with a positive rATG titer at time of readmission. Moreover, second kidney transplant increased the anti-rATG positive rate. A weak correlation was observed between anti-rATG titer and recipient age. Seven-day readmission treatment costs were significantly lower in patients with positive anti-rATG titer. IL-21 and CD40L were significantly greater in patients with positive anti-rATG titers after transplant when compared with negative anti rATG patients.

Conclusions.
Positive anti-rATG antibody titer is associated with a significant negative impact on outcomes. Monitoring of anti-rATG antibody titer is recommended to optimize treatment options in patients, especially in the setting of second transplants. Elucidation of the mechanisms associated with positive anti-rATG antibody is required. IL-21 and CD40L are potential targets for future study.
Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gilsanz Paola , Lacy Mary E. , Beeri Michal Schnaider , Karter Andrew J. , Eng Chloe W. , Whitmer Rachel A. 
Published: September 2019

Study Objective:
The objective was to examine the association between sleep quality and global and domain-specific cognitive function among older individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods:
We evaluated 695 individuals with T1D aged 60 years or above who participated in the baseline assessment of the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID), which captured subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and global and domain-specific (language, executive function, episodic memory, and simple attention) cognitive function. Multivariable linear regressions estimated the associations between sleep quality quartiles and overall and domain-specific cognitive function adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, and severe hypoglycemic episodes. Sensitivity analyses examined the associations between aspects of sleep quality and global cognitive function.

Results:
The worst sleep quality quartile was associated with lower global cognition (β=−0.08; 95% confidence interval: −0.17, −0.01) and lower executive function (β=−0.17, 95% confidence interval: −0.30, −0.03) compared with the best quartile of sleep quality adjusting for demographics and comorbidities. Sleep quality was not associated with language, episodic memory, or simple attention. Sleep medications and daytime dysfunction were most strongly associated with global cognition.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that sleep quality may be a modifiable risk factor for global cognitive function and executive function among elderly individuals with T1D.
A metabolite-based machine learning approach to diagnose Alzheimer’s-type dementia in blood: Results from the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer’s Disease biomarker discovery cohort
Authors: Stamate Daniel , Kim Min , Proitsi Petroula , Westwood Sarah , Baird Alison , Nevado-Holgado Alejo , Hye Abdul , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie , Vandenberghe Rik , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Kate Mara Ten , Scheltens Philip , Gabel Silvy , Meersmans Karen , Blin Olivier , Richardson Jill , Roeck Ellen De , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Sleegers Kristel , Bordet Régis , Rami Lorena , Kettunen Petronella , Tsolaki Magda , Verhey Frans , Alcolea Daniel , Lléo Alberto , Peyratout Gwendoline , Tainta Mikel , Johannsen Peter , Freund-Levi Yvonne , Frölich Lutz , Dobricic Valerija , Frisoni Giovanni B , Molinuevo José L , Wallin Anders , Popp Julius , Martinez-Lage Pablo , Bertram Lars , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Streffer Johannes , Visser Pieter J , Lovestone Simon , Legido-Quigley Cristina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMachine learning (ML) may harbor the potential to capture the metabolic complexity in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Here we set out to test the performance of metabolites in blood to categorise AD when compared to CSF biomarkers.METHODSThis study analysed samples from 242 cognitively normal (CN) people and 115 with AD-type dementia utilizing plasma metabolites (n=883). Deep Learning (DL), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF) were used to differentiate AD from CN. These models were internally validated using Nested Cross Validation (NCV).RESULTSOn the test data, DL produced the AUC of 0.85 (0.80-0.89), XGBoost produced 0.88 (0.86-0.89) and RF produced 0.85 (0.83-0.87). By comparison, CSF measures of amyloid, p-tau and t-tau (together with age and gender) produced with XGBoost the AUC values of 0.78, 0.83 and 0.87, respectively.DISCUSSIONThis study showed that plasma metabolites have the potential to match the AUC of well-established AD CSF biomarkers in a relatively small cohort. Further studies in independent cohorts are needed to validate whether this specific panel of blood metabolites can separate AD from controls, and how specific it is for AD as compared with other neurodegenerative disorders
Combinations of antifungals to effectively kill drug-resistant Candida auris
Authors: Jaggavarapu Siddharth , Burd Eileen M. , Weiss David S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCandida auris is an emerging, highly virulent fungal pathogen that is often resistant to multiple classes of antifungals. To overcome this resistance, we investigated the in vitro efficacy of antifungal combinations, finding that amphotericin B/micafungin resulted in drastically reduced survival (~5 logs) of all 10 isolates tested including 2 that were refractory to each individual drug. These findings suggest that combination therapy with micafungin/amphotericin B may have clinical utility against broadly resistant C. auris.
Prospective evaluation of beta-lactamase detection in penicillin susceptibleStaphylococcus aureusby interpretation of the penicillin disc edge
Authors: Henderson Andrew , Whiley David , Francis Fleur , Engler Cathy , Glover Matthew , Douglas Joel , Gore Letitia , Harris Patrick , Paterson David , Nimmo Graeme , Norton Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPenicillin susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(PSSA) may occasionally be encountered as a cause of complicatedS. aureusinfection, such as endocarditis or bloodstream infections. Clinicians may choose to treat these patients with penicillin over a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative, such as flucloxacillin or oxacillin, due to a favourable Pk/Pd profile. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the penicillin disc (1-IU) method for detection ofblaZ, with interpretation of the penicillin edge according to EUCAST recommendations. 472 PSSA isolates were collected between September 2014 to December 2015 from three clinical microbiology laboratories in Queensland, Australia. Initial antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Vitek 2 system. Real-time PCR forblaZwas performed following phenotypic testing with the 1-IU penicillin disc and the PCR used as the gold standard for detection of penicillinase. The prevalence ofblaZamongst the isolates was 7%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the penicillin disc method was 97%, 95%, 61% and 100% when compared toblaZPCR. In summary, the penicillin disc zone size and edge interpretation is a reliable method for detection ofblaZinS. aureusisolates that otherwise test susceptible to penicillin by Vitek 2 AST.
D1 and D2 systems converge in the striatum to update goal-directed learning
Authors: Matamales Miriam , McGovern Alice E. , Mi Jia Dai , Mazzone Stuart B. , Balleine Bernard W. , Bertran-Gonzalez Jesus 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtinction learning allows animals to withhold voluntary actions that are no longer related to reward and so provides a major source of behavioral control. Although such learning is thought to depend on dopamine signals in the striatum, the way the circuits mediating goal-directed control are reorganized during new learning remains unknown. Here, by mapping a dopamine-dependent transcriptional activation marker in large ensembles of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) expressing dopamine receptor type 1 (D1-SPNs) or 2 (D2-SPNs) in mice, we demonstrate an extensive and dynamic D2- to D1-SPN trans-modulation across the dorsal striatum that is necessary for updating previous goal-directed learning. Our findings suggest that D2-SPNs suppress the influence of outdated D1-SPN plasticity within functionally relevant striatal territories to reshape volitional action.