bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Construction of Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention System in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBy considering factors such as topography, meteorology, and hydrology, this paper examines the causes of flood and drought disasters in Binzhou City, located in Shandong Province, which serves as the central city of the Yellow River Delta, and summarizes recent flood and drought events. The analysis highlights weaknesses in the current flood and drought prevention system, particularly regarding systematic river management and flood control informatization. To address these issues effectively, this study proposes a set of measures to enhance Binzhou's flood and drought disaster prevention system, including prioritizing improvements in flood control and drainage standards, expediting key flood control projects’ implementation, strengthening river management, investigating potential risks of water conservancy projects, improving sea embankment construction while developing an intelligent platform for water affairs. These countermeasures aim to bolster Binzhou's comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation capacity while reinforcing its water security.
Analysis of Seepage Monitoring Data of Anhua Reservoir Dam in Zhuji
Authors: Wei Haiyun , Huang Haizhen , Zhang Chaojie , Lu Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThrough the analysis of seepage monitoring data of Anhua reservoir dam, the anti-seepage effect of dam reinforcement project is evaluated. The analysis of monitoring data shows that the osmometer water level behind the inclined clay wall of the dam is relatively stable and has little correlation with the reservoir water level. Compared with the upstream reservoir water level, the water level of osmometer in each section falls between 7.31 and 9.30 m at high water level, which indicates that the anti-seepage effect of clay inclined core wall of dam body is better. The water head of the concrete cut-off wall in the connection section between the right dam head and the wing wall of the spillway gate is reduced by 6.65 m, and the potential difference between the front and rear of the wall is 74.7%, which indicates that the anti-seepage effect of the connection between the dam and the wing wall of the spillway gate is good. There is no obvious correlation between the water level of the pressure gauge pipe around the dam on the left bank and the water level of the reservoir, which is mainly affected by rainfall infiltration and mountain groundwater, indicating that there is no seepage around the dam.
Tetraquarks at large M and large N
Authors: Allaman Héloïse , Ekhterachian Majid , Nardi Filippo , Rattazzi Riccardo , Stelzl Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study tetraquarks in large N QCD with heavy quarks, in the domain where non-relativistic quantum mechanics offers an adequate approximation. Within the regime of validity of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, we systematically study and explicitly construct tetraquark states. At leading order in the 1/N expansion, the bound spectrum consists of free mesons, while the 1/N corrections give rise to a Born-Oppenheimer potential that can bind the mesons into tetraquarks. We find two different types of tetraquarks, each endowed with distinct color-spatial wavefunctions. These states arise in the presence of an $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(N) mass hierarchy between the quarks and the antiquarks. We provide a quantitative argument indicating that only for such a hierarchy is the ground state of the system a tetraquark. We discuss what the extrapolation of our results to realistic values of the parameters may imply for the QCD tetraquark states.
Perturbations of classical fields by gravitational shockwaves
Authors: Fursaev D. V. , Davydov E. A. , Pirozhenko I. G. , Tainov V. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gravitational shockwaves are geometries where components of the transverse curvature have abrupt behaviour across null hypersurfaces, which are fronts of the waves. We develop a general approach to describe classical field theories on such geometries in a linearized approximation, by using free scalar fields as a model. Perturbations caused by shockwaves exist above the wave front and are solutions to a characteristic Cauchy problem with initial data on the wave front determined by a supertranslation of ingoing fields. A special attention is paid to perturbations of fields of point-like sources generated by plane-fronted gravitational shockwaves. One has three effects: conversion of non-stationary perturbations into an outgoing radiation, a spherical scalar shockwave which appears when the gravitational wave hits the source, and a plane scalar shockwave accompanying the initial gravitational wave. Our analysis is applicable to gravitational shockwaves of a general class including geometries sourced by null particles and null branes.
Transcriptomic heterogeneity of non-beta islet cells is associated with type 2 diabetes development in mouse models
Authors: Gottmann Pascal , Speckmann Thilo , Stadion Mandy , Chawla Prateek , Saurenbach Judith , Ninov Nikolay , Lickert Heiko , Schürmann Annette 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this work was to understand the role of non-beta cells in pancreatic islets at early stages of type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.

Methods
Specific clustering was employed to single-cell transcriptome data from islet cells of obese mouse strains differing in their diabetes susceptibility (diabetes-resistant B6.V.Lepob/ob [OB] and diabetes-susceptible New Zealand Obese [NZO] mice) on a diabetogenic diet.

Results
Refined clustering analysis revealed several heterogeneous subpopulations for alpha cells, delta cells and macrophages, of which 133 mapped to human diabetes genes identified by genome-wide association studies. Importantly, a similar non-beta cell heterogeneity was found in a dataset of human islets from donors at different stages of type 2 diabetes. The predominant alpha cell cluster in NZO mice displayed signs of cellular stress and lower mitochondrial capacity (97 differentially expressed genes [DEGs]), whereas delta cells from these mice exhibited higher expression levels of maturation marker genes (Hhex and Sst) but lower somatostatin secretion than OB mice (184 DEGs). Furthermore, a cluster of macrophages was almost twice as abundant in islets of OB mice, and displayed extensive cell–cell communication with beta cells of OB mice. Treatment of beta cells with IL-15, predicted to be released by macrophages, activated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), which may mediate anti-apoptotic effects. Similar to mice, humans without diabetes possess a greater number of macrophages than those with prediabetes (39 mmol/mol [5.7%] < HbA1c < 46 mmol/mol [6.4%]) and diabetes.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our study indicates that the transcriptional heterogeneity of non-beta cells has an impact on intra-islet crosstalk and participates in beta cell (dys)function.

Data availability
scRNA-seq data from the previous study are available in gene expression omnibus under gene accession number GSE159211 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE159211).

Graphical Abstract
Diabetes knowledge and behaviour: a cross-sectional study of Jordanian adults
Authors: Amr Rula A. , Al-Smadi Ahmed M. , Akasheh Rand T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health concern that is projected to affect 7.7% of the global population by 2030. Understanding factors that influence diabetes knowledge and management adherence is crucial for effective diabetes mellitus management and prevention. This study investigates the relationships between demographic and clinical factors and their impact on diabetes knowledge and behaviour, as well as the potential influence of diabetes knowledge on management behaviours.

Methods
The study comprised a cross-sectional survey of 1050 adults, collecting data on age, sex, marital status, education, employment, hypertension, dyslipidaemia (any lipid imbalance, such as high cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol or low HDL-cholesterol), smoking and diabetes status. Two multiple linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with diabetes knowledge and behaviour, and a simple linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between knowledge and behaviour.

Results
Significant associations were found between diabetes knowledge and the following factors: age (44.32 ± 9.53 for ≥50 years vs 39.73 ± 9.95 for 18 to <25 years; p<0.0001), sex (49.00 ± 12.35 for women vs 45.09 ± 13.27 for men; p<0.0001), marital status (50.92 ± 11.69 for married vs 45.39 ± 13.10 for single; p<0.0001), smoking status (45.78 ± 13.22 for smokers vs 48.22 ± 12.15 for non-smokers; p=0.003), hypertension (46.46 ± 13.11 for present vs 47.31 ± 12.87 for absent; p=0.007) and diabetes status (69.49 ± 17.35 for present vs 62.76 ± 16.88 for absent; p<0.001). Behaviour scores correlated similarly with these factors except for diabetes and smoking status. The adjusted simple linear regression model revealed that diabetes knowledge was significantly associated with better management behaviours (coefficient=0.0794, p<0.001) after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.

Conclusions/interpretation
This study highlights the importance of demographic and clinical factors in the context of diabetes knowledge and behaviours, underscoring the need for targeted educational and preventive programmes to improve diabetes management, especially in vulnerable populations. Additionally, the strong association between diabetes knowledge and management behaviours supports a knowledge–attitude–behaviour (KAB) model of diabetes management.

Graphical Abstract
The power of visualizing distributional differences: formal graphical n-sample tests
Authors: Konstantinou Konstantinos , Mrkvička Tomáš , Myllymäki Mari 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClassical tests are available for the two-sample test of correspondence of distribution functions. From these, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test provides also the graphical interpretation of the test results, in different forms. Here, we propose modifications of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test with higher power. The proposed tests are based on the so-called global envelope test which allows for graphical interpretation, similarly as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The tests are based on rank statistics and are suitable also for the comparison of n samples, with $$n \ge 2$$

n
≥
2

. We compare the alternatives for the two-sample case through an extensive simulation study and discuss their interpretation. Finally, we apply the tests to real data. Specifically, we compare the height distributions between boys and girls at different ages, the sepal length distributions of different flower species, and distributions of standardized residuals from a time series model for different exchange courses using the proposed methodologies.
Spontaneous high clonal expansion of Wilms’ tumor gene 1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in patients with Wilms’ tumor gene 1-expressing solid tumor
Authors: Morimoto Soyoko , Tanaka Yukie , Nakata Jun , Fujiki Fumihiro , Hasegawa Kana , Nakajima Hiroko , Nishida Sumiyuki , Tsuboi Akihiro , Hosen Naoki , Kagawa Naoki , Maruno Motohiko , Myoui Akira , Enomoto Takayuki , Izumoto Shuichi , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Hashimoto Naoya , Yoshimine Toshiki , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Oji Yusuke , Oka Yoshihiro , Sugiyama Haruo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Wilms’ tumor protein 1 (WT1)-targeted immunotherapy has been used in patients with leukemia and solid tumors. However, the spontaneous WT1-specific immune response before WT1 peptide vaccination in patients with WT1-expressing tumors (PTs) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether WT1-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes (CTLs) are clonally expanded in the peripheral blood outside of tumor sites. Clonal expansion of WT1126 peptide (a.a.126–134)-specific CTLs (WT1126-CTLs) was compared between seven PTs and five healthy volunteers (HVs), and their T-cell receptors (TCRs) were analyzed at the single-cell level. Overall, 433 and 351 TCR β-chains of WT1126-CTLs were detected from PTs and HVs, respectively, and complementarity-determining region 3 was sequenced for clonality analysis. The frequencies of WT1126-CTLs were higher in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01+ PTs than in HLA-A*02:01+ HVs, although the difference was not statistically significant. WT1126-CTLs of differentiated types, including memory and effector, were higher in PTs than in HVs; whereas, those of the naïve type were higher in HVs than in PTs. WT1126-CTL clonality was significantly higher in PTs than in HVs. Furthermore, the frequency of effector WT1126-CTLs positively correlated with WT1126-CTL clonality in PTs; whereas, the frequency of naïve phenotype WT1126-CTLs tended to be negatively correlated with clonality. In conclusion, these results suggest that the WT1 protein in tumor cells is highly immunogenic, thereby stimulating endogenous naïve-type WT1126-CTLs and enabling them to clonally expand and differentiate into effector-type WT1126-CTLs.
Effective removal of malachite green dye by eco-friendly pectin-grafted poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) hydrogel from aqueous solutions
Authors: Sadik Wagih Abdel-Alim , El-Demerdash Abdel-Ghaffar Maghraby , Gabre Hossam Ahmed , Hamza Marwa El-Sayed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Grafting of copolymer of sodium acrylate (SA) and acrylamide (Am) onto pectin (Pcn) was successfully performed in order to synthesis Pcn-g-P(Am-co-SA) hydrogel using combined microwave-assisted method and potassium persulfate (KPS) as a free radical initiator. The prepared hydrogel was characterized by FTIR, SEM and TGA. This hydrogel was used to remove malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions. The swelling ratio of the best grade of hydrogel was 214 g/g at pH (7). Factors affecting MG dye adsorption on hydrogel (grafting percentages, pH, contact time, hydrogel dosage, dye initial concentration and temperature) were studied, and the reusability study was also investigated which, in turn, showed the high adsorption capacity of hydrogel for MG dye. The adsorption data were fitted well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model proposing the formation of monolayer of MG dye molecules on the hydrogel’s surface with maximum adsorption capacity (5000 mg/g). Moreover, the thermodynamic studies indicated the spontaneity and exothermic nature of adsorption of MG dye on hydrogel. From the reusability study, it was found that the prepared hydrogel still retains good adsorption properties after eleven successive cycles. Therefore, Pcn-g-P(Am-co-SA) hydrogel was considered as a highly potential adsorbent for MG dye removal from aqueous solutions.
Finding k Shortest Paths in Cayley Graphs of Finite Groups
Authors: Kim Dohan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present a new method for finding k shortest paths between any two vertices in the Cayley graph $$\text {Cay}(G, S)$$

Cay
(
G
,
S
)

of a finite group G with its generating set S closed under inverses. By using a reduced convergent rewriting system R for G, we first find the lexicographically minimal shortest path between two vertices in $$\text {Cay}(G, S)$$

Cay
(
G
,
S
)

. Then, by symmetrizing the length-preserving rules of R, we provide a polynomial time algorithm (in the size of certain rewrite rules, the lexicographically minimal shortest path, and k) for finding k shortest paths between two vertices in $$\text {Cay}(G, S)$$

Cay
(
G
,
S
)

. Our implementation of finding k shortest paths between two vertices in $$\text {Cay}(G, S)$$

Cay
(
G
,
S
)

is also discussed.
PROGRESS: the sectoral approach to cyber resilience
Authors: Tabansky Lior , Lichterman Eynan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Each critical infrastructure and vital service represents a unique instance of a complex socio-technical–economic system. Resilience in complex systems is an emergent behaviour that occurs from interactions between components and is not easily predictable from understanding each component in isolation. Yet, cybersecurity practice and maturity models still focus on the robustness of separate components: organizational units, firms, or IT applications. Such a fundamental mismatch between theory and tools is among the causes of pervasive cyber insecurity. We introduce the sectoral capability maturity model to enable a comprehensive improvement of systemic resilience. The promoting global cyber resilience for sectors cyber-capability maturity model incorporates the science of complex systems, cybersecurity frameworks, and two decades of CIP operations experience. The model was successfully applied in resilience assessment projects in a dozen countries. Real-life experience emphasizes the benefits of the sectoral approach to cyber resilience: creating feedback loops within the sector, integrating supply chain and third-party risks, facilitating information flows between stakeholders, enabling cooperation with and among ministries, departments and other authorities, weighting in the links and processes between actors in cybersecurity issues. The established value of the sectoral approach calls for applications that will improve the resilience of essential services while lowering sector-wide cybersecurity expenditures.
Unveiling the antimicrobial, antivirulence, and wound-healing accelerating potentials of resveratrol against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA)-septic wound in a murine model
Authors: Elshimy Rana , El-Shiekh Riham A. , Okba Mona M. , Ashour Rehab M. S. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Hassanen Eman I. , Aboul-Ella Hassan , Ali Merhan E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a repertoire of several virulence factors that create a frightening high pathogenicity level as well as high antimicrobial resistance toward commercially used antibiotics. Therefore, finding a new alternative to traditional antimicrobials is a must. Resveratrol is a very famous phytochemical that harbors many beneficial health properties by possessing antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to explore the antimicrobial efficacy of resveratrol against P. aeruginosa and explore its ability to accelerate wound healing in a murine model. The obtained results revealed the potent antimicrobial, antivirulence, and wound-healing accelerating potentials of resveratrol against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA)-septic wounds. It significantly lowered the transcript levels of P. aeruginosa virulent genes toxA, pelA, and lasB. Additionally, resveratrol significantly accelerated skin wound healing by shortening the inflammatory phase and promoting re-vascularization, cell proliferation, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition. Furthermore, it increased the immunoexpression of αSMA along with a reduction of the mRNA levels of VEGF, IL-1β, and TNF-α genes. Resveratrol has high therapeutic potential for the treatment of P. aeruginosa wound infection and is a prospective and promising candidate for this problem.
Adaptive Sampling Technique for Free-Form Surface of Aero-Engine Blades Based on Discrete Curvature
Authors: Huang Liang , Cao Yan , Peng Runling , Li Hao , Wang Tuo , Wei Guoxin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As the aero-engine blade surface is a typical representative of a free-form surface, its sampling and reconstruction accuracy directly determines the evaluation and correction of subsequent processing technology. In this study, based on a case study of a small engine rotor blade, the blade surface (including concave and convex variations) was divided into thick rectangular meshes based on the idea of mesh subdivision, and the rectangular meshes were refined into primary triangular meshes by Delaunay triangulation. Second, the local Gaussian curvature of the vertices of each primary refined triangle mesh was estimated by combining the Moreton-Sequin method. Then, according to the curvature change in the two connected sampling points on the edge of each primary refined triangle, the adaptive sampling point interpolation along with the curvature change on the boundary of the original triangulation triangle and the densified sampling point distribution, which satisfies the idealized triangulation requirement, were further realized. This approach happens through continuous iteration by introducing a curvature relaxation factor and a greedy algorithm. This method can be used to adaptively adjust the distribution and number of sampling points according to the change in the geometric characteristics of the free-form surface and the curvature distribution of each part. The comparison between this method and the mainstream equidistant sampling method in the blind sampling method and the recent mainstream adaptive sampling method, which uses biquartic B-spline curves, demonstrates that the method proposed in this study can accurately and efficiently represent the complex special-shaped free-form surface in blade free-form surfaces with the fewest sampling points while achieving the highest sampling efficiency and the highest model reconstruction precision.

Graphical Abstract
Performance of water quality simulation model for lifting drainage water joints and mixing zone determination
Authors: El-Gamal Talaat , Agrama Asmaa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLimited water resources with gradual increase in water demand led to higher dependence on drainage water as one of the non-conventional water resources in Egypt. However, there was no precise approach for using such resource. The practices ranged between stopping lifting drainage water to main canals at many locations due to the water quality degradation in the drains and pure dependence on polluted drainage water by farmers. This implies the importance of applying the mathematical models that provide precise and flexible alternative for the dependence on the drainage water. This procedure could save the big investments that were used in the lifting stations while mitigating the environmental hazards. Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System (CORMIX) model is one of these mathematical simulation models. The study used surface discharge sub-model (CORMIX3) to define the mixing zone between the lifted drainage water from Mehalet Rough drain and the freshwater in Mit Yazid canal, by investigated biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total dissolved solids (TDS). The simulation results verified that the two investigated parameters met WQ standards for the Egyptian law 48/1982. BOD standard value was met after 448.36 m, in 723 s. TDS standard value was met after 4.46 m, in 7.8 s. This was far ahead of the first municipal station regardless low quality of these parameters in the drain. This is the first time to apply this model in the irrigation sector in Egypt, and the results were promising for defining the precise approach to reuse the drainage water in Egypt.