bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming nerves for excitability testing
Authors: Kovalchuk Maria O. , Franssen Hessel , Scheijmans Féline E.V. , Van Schelven Leonard J. , Van Den Berg Leonard H. , Sleutjes Boudewijn T.H.M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of this study was to find the best method of warming the median nerve before excitability testing to a standard temperature.MethodsIn 5 healthy subjects, the forearm and hand were warmed for 1 h to 37°C by infrared lamp, water blanket, or water bath. Recordings were performed before and during warming every 10 min. Excitability indices were fitted by exponential relations, thereby calculating the time needed to reach 95% of their asymptotic end value.ResultsDistal motor latency, refractory period, and superexcitability at 10 ms changed exponentially with time. Warming by water bath took the shortest time (24 min); this was followed by warming by infrared lamp (34 min) and water blanket (35 min).ConclusionsWarming by water bath is the quickest way. The other methods took only moderately more time. Future studies need to specify both warming method and warming time before excitability testing. Muscle Nerve, 2019
Family with primary periodic paralysis and a mutation in MCM3AP, a gene implicated in mRNA transport
Authors: Gustavsson Emil K. , Follett Jordan , Farrer Matthew J. , Aasly Jan O. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Primary periodic paralyses (PPs) are rare genetic neuromuscular disorders commonly caused by mutations in genes related to ion channel function. However, 10%–20% of cases remain as genetically unexplained. Herein we present a family with PP with paralytic episodes generally lasting for 1–7 days at a time, associated with a drop in K+ levels. Methods: Screening for mutations in known disease‐causing genes was negative, hence we performed whole‐exome sequencing of 5 family members. Results: Minichromosome maintenance 3–associated protein (MCM3AP) c.2615G>A (p.C872Y) was found to cosegregate with disease in the family and was not present in control subjects. The mutation is novel, highly conserved across multiple species, and predicted to be damaging. Discussion: MCM3AP encodes germinal center–associated nuclear protein (GANP), a protein involved in the export of certain messenger RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Our findings suggest that a novel mutation in MCM3AP is associated with hypokalemic PP. Muscle Nerve, 2019
Achieving Protein Targets in the ICU Using a Specialized High‐Protein Enteral Formula: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Hopkins Bethany , Cohen Sarah S. , Irvin Sarah R. , Alberda Cathy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo meet protein needs in critical illness (CI), guidelines suggest ≥1.2–2.5 g protein/kg/d; however, most intensive care unit (ICU) patients receive ≤0.7 g/kg/d. Higher protein enteral nutrition (EN) formulas may be part of the solution to provide prescribed protein.Our objective was to demonstrate that an EN formula with 37% protein can deliver ≥80% of prescribed protein, without overfeeding calories within the first 5 days of feeding and to describe ICU clinicians' experience.MethodsThis quality improvement (QI) project included patients requiring exclusive EN for up to 5 days from 6 Canadian ICUs. Rationale for choosing formula, patient's BMI (kg/m2), nutrition targets, daily protein and energy delivered, feeding interruptions, and general tolerance were recorded.ResultsForty‐four of 49 patients received the formula ≥2 days. Average protein prescribed was 137.5 g/d (82.5–200) or 1.9 g/kg/d (1.5–2.5). Average protein delivered was 116.9 g/d (33.5–180) or 1.6 g/kg/d (0.4–2.4). Seventy‐five percent to 83% of patients received ≥80% prescribed protein on days 2–5. Average energy prescribed was 1638.6 kcal/d (990–2500) or 17.8 kcal/kg (11–26). Average energy delivered was 1523.9 kcal/d (693.0–2557.5) or 17.3 kcal/kg/d (1.35–64.7). The formula was well tolerated with no gastrointestinal symptoms reported in 38 (86%) patients. The most common reasons to prescribe the formula were obesity and use of fat‐based medications.ConclusionsWe demonstrated in a QI study that a high‐protein EN formula was tolerated in a small, heterogeneous group of ICU patients and effective in meeting protein targets without overfeeding.
Assessment of nurse–patient communication and patient satisfaction from nursing care
Authors: Lotfi Mojgan , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Valizadeh Leila , Khajehgoodari Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimProfessional communication between nurse and patient has a significant role in patient satisfaction with nursing care. The aim of this study was to assess nurse–patient communication and patient's satisfaction from nursing services in the burn wards of women and men.DesignParticipants were all patients admitted to the Burn wards at the Sina Hospital of Tabriz between September–December 2018. Nurse–patient communication and patient's satisfaction were assessed using at the time of discharge. Data were analysed by SPSS applying descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThe results show that most patients were dissatisfied with nursing care. More than 80% did not know their nurse. There was a correlation between nurse‐patient communication and patient satisfaction with nursing care and the sex variable was found to be significantly correlated with patients’ satisfaction level. The weakness of nurses 'communication with patients was evident in our study and patients were dissatisfied from this kind of communication, and consequently, patients' satisfaction was reported very low. Improving the satisfaction of patients in the hospital should be the priorities of the hospital managers. Therefore, by educating staff, especially nurses, identifying motivating factors as well as identifying dissatisfaction factors, improved patient satisfaction.
Stealth technology: Methods and composite materials—A review
Authors: Ahmad Husnain , Tariq Asra , Shehzad Amir , Faheem Muhammad S. , Shafiq Muhammad , Rashid Iqra A. , Afzal Ayesha , Munir Adnan , Riaz Muhammad T. , Haider Hafiz T. , Afzal Ali , Qadir Muhammad B. , Khaliq Zubair 
Published: June 2019

AbstractComposites have revolutionized the field of aeronautics with its intriguing properties including high strength to weight ratio, low weight, chemical and weather resistance, flexible design and low cost of installation. Also, composites are used as radar absorbing materials (RAMs) in the manufacturing of stealth aircraft. Stealth technology (ST) uses a combination of RAMs and geometry to minimize the reflection of electromagnetic waves back to a radar system. In this review article, working principle and basic constituents of ST are examined along with RAMs types in the light of composites. Moreover, recently developed carbonaceous‐based polymer composites are critically discussed in terms of RAMs for stealth applications. A carbonaceous‐based composite provides a high flexibility for the design and properties control. Carbon black particles, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene are used in composites to tailor the wave's absorption properties of a composite. Multilayered structures are also recommended by researchers to extend the absorption band for better stealth application. Optimized absorption properties were achieved from composites containing carbon fiber as filler. Also, CNTs are preferred due to its smaller loading (0.35%) to get conductivity equal to higher concentration of carbon black (20%), which consequently improves the ST. Enhanced electromagnetic absorption properties can be achieved form the graphene‐based RAMs along with incorporating the magnetic particles of different microstructures, particle size, and electromagnetic characteristics. This review will intensively cover the methodology of ST and different composites including carbon‐based composites as RAMs for the use in stealth technology.
The relations of parental supervision, parental school involvement, and child's social competence with school achievement in primary school
Authors: Brajša‐Žganec Andreja , Merkaš Marina , Šakić Velić Marija 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relation of parental supervision, parental involvement at school and child's social competence with school achievement in primary school. A theoretical model was postulated that predicts direct and indirect effects of parental behaviors on adolescents’ school achievement. Participants were 1,024 adolescents attending Grades 5 through 8 in 20 primary schools in Croatia and one of their parents or guardians. Adolescents completed a scale assessing their self‐perceived social competence and data on their grade point average were collected. Parents completed scales measuring parental supervision and parental involvement at school and they rated their child's social competence. The results of model testing showed that parental behaviors have both direct and indirect effect on adolescents’ school achievement. Greater parental supervision and school involvement have a direct and an indirect, through their effects on child's social competence, positive effects on adolescents’ school achievement.
Moderate Activity from Trace Palladium Alloyed with Copper for the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of –CN and –NO2 with HCOOH
Authors: Li Jifan , Liu Lei , Ai Yongjian , Hu Zenan , Liu Zhibo , Guo Rongxiu , Zhang Cheng , Tian Haimeng , Wu Jiajing , Ruan Man , Sun Hongbin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe chemoselective hydrogenation to afford functionalized amines is a challenging task in the field of applied catalysis. In this work, we constructed a versatile catalytic system for the nondestructive hydrogenation of nitro and cyano group to afford the functionalized aromatic and primary amines under mild conditions. The dilemma of effects on other sensitive functional groups in the hydrogenation is solved by the precisely controlled activity from the trace palladium alloying with copper in our catalyst. The TOF achieved 5376 h−1 and 322581 h−1 for Pd when the functionalized nitriles and nitroarenes were used as substrate respectively. In a word, the good compatibility and recyclability, the mild operation conditions, extremely low consumption of noble metal, ppm level Pd, and economically available hydrogen donor, HCOOH, highlight the contribution of this work.
Corporate name change: Investigating South African multinational corporations' postacquisition performance
Authors: Liou Ru‐Shiun , Rao‐Nicholson Rekha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt has long been argued a multinational corporation (MNC) needs to be able to leverage the firm‐specific advantages to overcome the liability of foreignness in the host markets so the MNC can enjoy the benefit of internationalization while competing with the indigenous firms in the host market. However, emerging‐market MNCs, which have the nontraditional ownership advantages, such as flexibility and cost‐advantage, may require different international strategies to realize the anticipated profit in their cross‐border acquisitions. This article takes an organizational identity approach to study how the foreign identity of South African MNCs constitutes the source of liability and negatively impacts their postacquisition performance. We find South African MNCs that adopted a corporate name change for their acquired subsidiaries experienced worse postacquisition return on asset than the South African MNCs who did not do so. On the other hand, facing a large economic distance, South African MNCs that facilitate the acquired subsidiary corporate name change enjoy better postacquisition performance.
A systematic review of the relation between self‐compassion and depressive symptoms in adolescents
Authors: Pullmer Rachelle , Chung Jason , Samson Lindsay , Balanji Sherene , Zaitsoff Shannon 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTResearch on self‐compassion and depressive symptoms is growing at an exponential pace. This systematic review provides an in‐depth exploration of the relation between self‐compassion and depressive symptoms in adolescents. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched and 18 studies were identified. Results demonstrate the potentially pertinent role that self‐compassion may play in the development, maintenance, and treatment of depression in adolescents, yet reflect on the paucity of research on this topic with respect to mechanisms of change. These studies further highlight how the impact of self‐compassion may differ according to gender and age and underscore the need to account for other diversity‐related variables, such as ethnic‐racial group, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation. Despite such limitations in the literature, the current findings extend research in adults by providing support for the relevance of self‐compassion in adolescence, particularly with respect to the prevention of depressive symptoms.
Adolescent indirect reciprocity: Evidence from incentivized economic paradigms
Authors: Hu Yang , Ma Jichang , Luan Ziyan , Dubas Judith Semon , Xi Juzhe 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionIndirect reciprocity serves as a crucial component of how we interact with strangers. Two types of indirect reciprocity can be distinguished: pay‐it‐forward reciprocity and third party reciprocity. Pay‐it‐forward reciprocity refers to behaviors where people who have been treated well by others (either fairly or generously), extend that fairness or generosity to a stranger. Third‐party reciprocity refers to behaviors where third‐party bystanders altruistically punish those who transgress against others or kindly help the victims. The expansion of adolescents’ social world increases opportunities to exercise indirect reciprocity yet very little research has focused on this topic in this age group. The current research addresses this lacuna and investigates how younger adolescents differ from older adolescents in pay‐it‐forward and third party reciprocity.MethodsWith incentivized economic paradigms, we investigated both types of indirect reciprocity in younger (n = 50) and older adolescents (n = 46).ResultsThe pay‐it‐forward task revealed that receiving an equal (vs. unequal) distribution led both younger and older adolescents to become fairer to a third person. In the third‐party task, older adolescents were more likely to devote their own resources to enforce fairness norms than younger adolescents.ConclusionOur results shed light on how adolescents perceive and act in complex social settings where direct reciprocity is unrealistic. Both younger and older adolescents are capable of engaging in both forms of indirect reciprocity with older adolescents being more discriminative in their norm‐enforcing behaviors.
Determinants of Turkey’s foreign aid behavior
Authors: Zengin Hüseyin , Korkmaz Abdurrahman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes a hundred Turkish aid recipient countries in order to explore the determinants of Turkey’s foreign aid behavior during the period 2005–2016. By estimating the model with the system-GMM estimator, it is demonstrated that Turkey is a regular donor whose amount of foreign aid is positively influenced by the export-based embeddedness of Turkish firms in the recipient countries. Recipients with low levels of per-capita income attract more Turkish aid. However, this income’s effect diminishes in states that were formerly part of Ottoman territory. Recipient countries in an aid relationship with OECD-DAC members also receive more foreign aid from Turkey. In addition, Turkey disburses more foreign aid to recipient countries that can be classified as Turkic republics. Turkish foreign aid behavior is also motivated by Ottomanism, especially in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. Finally, and interestingly, although Islam has a considerable impact on attracting Turkish aid overall, this impact disappears in former Ottoman states and Turkic republics.
Negotiating railroad safety in the late Ottoman Empire: The state, railroad companies, trainmen, and trespassers
Authors: Nacar Can 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examines different approaches taken in the late Ottoman Empire to deal with the risks and dangers posed by railroads. Like its counterparts in Europe and the United States, the Ottoman state actively sought to protect individuals against railroad risks. For this purpose, it mandated the use of certain devices meant to facilitate the safe flow of railroad traffic and introduced measures that aimed to discipline railroaders and pedestrians into behaving appropriately. However, the state was not the only actor that struggled to address railroad risks. Railroad companies, primarily to advance their economic interests, incorporated technologies that considerably reduced the risk of collisions. Yet economic concerns also sometimes hampered investments in railroad safety. For instance, the manner in which trespassing cases were handled by accident investigation committees and courts allowed the companies to avoid their obligations with respect to fencing around railroad tracks. As a result, it was easy for pedestrians to use tracks near their homes and workplaces as pathways. Finally, the article also shows that in performing their duties, trainmen enjoyed considerable freedom from control by railroad managers. This freedom was further reinforced by the shortage of experienced and skilled labor in the Ottoman railroad industry.
Spiritually motivated restrictions on animal products have a limited impact on consumption of healthy plant-based foods
Authors: Bethancourt Hilary J. , Kratz Mario , O’Connor Kathleen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlant-based diets are considered healthier than many omnivorous diets. However, it is unclear that restriction of animal products necessarily motivates increased consumption of nutrient- and fibre-rich plant-based foods as opposed to energy-dense but nutrient-poor plant-based foods containing refined grains and added sugars and fats. The present study examined FFQ and food record data from ninety-nine individuals in the USA with varying degrees of adherence to the Orthodox Christian tradition of restricting meat, dairy and egg (MDE) products for 48 d prior to Easter to investigate whether restricting MDE products in the absence of explicit nutritional guidance would lead to increased consumption of healthy plant-based foods and greater likelihood of meeting dietary recommendations. Multiple linear regression models assessed changes in major food groups, energy and nutrients in relation to the degree of reduction in MDE consumption. Logistic regression analyses tested the odds of meeting 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans on plant-based foods in relation to MDE restriction. Each serving reduction in MDE products was associated with small (approximately 0·1–0·7 serving) increases in legumes, soya products and nuts/seeds (allPvalues &lt; 0·005). MDE restriction was not associated with higher odds of meeting recommendations on vegetable, fruit or whole-grain intake. Consumption of refined grains and added sugars did not change in relation to MDE restriction but remained above recommended thresholds, on average. These findings demonstrate that a reduction of MDE products for spiritual purposes may result in increases in some nutrient-rich plant-based foods but may not uniformly lead to a healthier dietary composition.
Effect of permanent magnets on plasma confinement and ion beam properties in a double layer helicon plasma source
Authors: Varberg Erik , Fredriksen Åshild 
Published: June 2019

The work described in this article was carried out to investigate how permanent magnets (PM) affect the plasma confinement and ion beam properties in an inductively coupled plasma which expands from a helicon source. The cylindrical plasma device Njord has a 13 cm long and 20 cm wide stainless steel port connecting the source chamber and the diffusion chamber. The source chamber has an axial magnetic field produced by two coils, with magnetic field lines expanding into the diffusion chamber. Simulations have shown that the field lines leaving the edge of the source hit the port wall, causing a loss of electrons in this section. In the experiments performed in this work, PMs were added around the port walls near the exit of a plasma source and the effect was investigated experimentally by means of a retarding field energy analyser probe. The plasma potential, ion density and ion beam parameters were estimated, and the results with and without the PMs were compared. The results showed that the plasma density in the centre can in some cases be doubled, and the density at the edges of the plasma increased significantly with PMs in place. Although the plasma potential was slightly affected, and the beam velocity dropped by

${\sim}$

10 %, the ion beam flux increased by a factor of 1.5.
MIR137 polygenic risk is associated with schizophrenia and affects functional connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Liu Shu , Li Ang , Liu Yong , Li Jin , Wang Meng , Sun Yuqing , Qin Wen , Yu Chunshui , Jiang Tianzi , Liu Bing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have consistently revealed that a variant of microRNA 137 (MIR137) shows a quite significant association with schizophrenia. Identifying the network of genes regulated by MIR137 could provide insights into the biological processes underlying schizophrenia. In addition, DLPFC functional connectivity, a robust correlate of MIR137, may provide plausible endophenotypes. However, the regulatory role of the MIR137 gene network in the disrupted functional connectivity remains unclear. Here, we tested the effects of the MIR137 regulated genes on the risk for schizophrenia and DLPFC functional connectivity.MethodsTo evaluate the additive effects of the MIR137 regulated genes (N = 1274), we calculated a MIR137 polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia and tested its association with the risk for schizophrenia in the genomic data of a Han Chinese population that included schizophrenia patients (N = 589) and normal controls (N = 575). We then investigated the association between MIR137 PRS and DLPFC functional connectivity in two independent young healthy cohorts (N = 356 and N = 314).ResultsWe found that the MIR137 PRS successfully captured the differences in genetic structure between the patients and controls, but the single gene MIR137 did not. We then consistently found that a higher MIR137 PRS was correlated with lower functional connectivities between the DLPFC and both the superior parietal cortex and the inferior temporal cortex in two independent cohorts.ConclusionThe findings suggested that these two functional connectivities of the DLPFC could be important endophenotypes linking the MIR137-regulated genetic structure to schizophrenia.