bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual rejuvenation and hegemonic masculinity in C.P. Snow’s suppressed novel New Lives for Old (1933)
Authors: Oakley Catherine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe English physical chemist C.P. Snow is most renowned for his 1959 Rede Lecture The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution in which he lamented the intellectual divide between the sciences and the humanities. His work as a prolific writer of fiction, however, is less well-known, though he wrote seventeen novels over the course of his lifetime. New Lives for Old, published anonymously in 1933 and subsequently suppressed by the author, is the most obscure of these works. The novel’s fictional protagonist Billy Pilgrim, a professor of biophysics at Kings College, London, develops a technique for synthesising a human sex hormone which can prevent the atrophy of the ageing body. The first part of this paper draws on new archival documents to sketch the background to the novel’s publication and suppression. The second part situates the novel in relation to the under-explored subgenre of rejuvenation fiction from the early decades of the twentieth century, emphasising the dynamic exchange of rejuvenation discourses during this period across the medical and cultural spheres. The third and final part draws on the sociological concept of hegemonic masculinity to illuminate the book’s androcentrism and its sexism, tracing the ways in which C.P. Snow mobilises the gendered concept and practice of medical rejuvenation to navigate perceived threats to male privilege and authority.
Time-resolved neural reinstatement and pattern separation during memory decisions in human hippocampus
Authors: Lohnas Lynn J. , Duncan Katherine , Doyle Werner K. , Thesen Thomas , Devinsky Orrin , Davachi Lila 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceOne of the biggest computational challenges the memory system faces is to disambiguate highly similar experiences while at the same time preserving and reinstating prior memories. Remarkably, hippocampal processes have been implicated in both of these functions. However, how this is accomplished is unknown. Leveraging the spatiotemporal resolution of electrocorticography, we found evidence for memory reinstatement in both the hippocampus and occipitotemporal cortex. Interestingly, when a current experience was very similar but not identical to a prior one, occipitotemporal cortical activity still showed reinstatement of the prior memory, but hippocampal activity differentiated or disambiguated these two similar experiences.
Acceleration of hydrogen absorption by palladium through surface alloying with gold
Authors: Namba Kazuhiro , Ogura Shohei , Ohno Satoshi , Di Wen , Kato Koichi , Wilde Markus , Pletikosić Ivo , Pervan Petar , Milun Milorad , Fukutani Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceSurfaces are gates to control the transport of energy and materials between the gas phase and bulk. For the hydrogen storage, the transport of hydrogen across the surface is recognized as the bottleneck, e.g., 1 H2in 1,000 impinging a Pd surface penetrates the surface. Here, we demonstrate that alloying the Pd(110) surface with submonolayer amounts of Au dramatically accelerates the hydrogen absorption, by a factor of more than 40. This discovery will lead to enhancement of hydrogen absorption kinetics, thereby improving the performance of hydrogen-purifying membranes and hydrogen-storage materials, which is a key for utilizing hydrogen as a carbon-free energy carrier.
Diachronic syntax based on constituency and dependency annotated corpora
Authors: Stein Achim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis contribution presents two syntactically annotated corpora of Old French,Modéliser le changement: les voies du français(MCVF) and theSyntactic Reference Corpus of Medieval French(SRCMF). The focus is on how the underlying syntactic theory (constituency vs. dependency) influences the grammar model and how this choice is reflected in the syntactic annotations of the corpora. The comparison relates to the most relevant general properties of the corpora as well as to two phenomena, null subjects and cleft constructions. Null subjects highlight possible conflicts between syntactic annotation models and syntactic theory, and the information-structural properties of cleft constructions pose a particular problem for the interpretation and annotation of historical corpora. Both phenomena are major instances of diachronic variation in French. The study is relevant for corpus users working on diachronic syntax, as well for corpus builders wishing to design a grammar model for annotation.
Analyzing the structure of code-switched written texts
Authors: Estigarribia Bruno , Wilkins Zachary 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs more written language data become available, the interest in written language mixing / codeswitching (LM/CS) is increasing (Sebba, Mahootian & Jonsson 2012;Sebba 2013). LM/CS in non-naturalistic (e.g., literary) texts raises issues related to gauging (1) the authenticity and representativity of a textual corpus, and deciding (2) whether categories/mechanisms of spoken LM/CS apply to written LM/CS.1We focus on Guarani-Spanish LM/CS (Jopara) as represented in the Paraguayan novelRamona Quebranto(RQ). We apply the framework of Muysken (1997;2000;2013), developed as a taxonomy of spoken LM/CS. Our contribution extends its applicability to written LM/CS. We show that Jopara has a mix of insertional and backflagging strategies, with infrequent alternations.
Word meanings and semantic domains in acquisition
Authors: Clark Eve V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
As children accumulate words, they build up semantic domains. In doing this, they start to link the meanings of words, depending on how they are related to each other. They rely on conceptual representations of objects and events, and on how adults talk about objects and events. Adults typically provide information along with new-word offers: facts about class membership, parts and properties, motion, sound, and function provide a basis for semantic relations. Semantic domains built up early include many general domains as well as some domains of intense interest (e.g., dinosaurs or cars), also elaborated with parental support. As children learn more words, they structure each domain and link new terms to ones they already know.
Semantic features of early verb vocabularies
Authors: Horvath Sabrina , Rescorla Leslie , Arunachalam Sudha 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Much research has asked why verbs are difficult to acquire, and how toddlers nevertheless acquire them. Still, we know little about what kinds of verb meanings are easy or difficult to acquire. We revisit Rescorla and colleagues’ data on vocabulary knowledge in toddlers acquiring English, Italian, Greek, Korean, and Portuguese measured using the Language Development Survey. We coded the survey’s verbs for several semantic features to determine which features predict appearance in toddlers’ vocabularies. For English, manner and result verbs were equally well known across samples, but verbs labeling durative events and events with fewer event participants were more likely to be known than those labeling punctual events and events involving more participants. Similar trends held in the other languages.
The meaning of question words in statements in child Mandarin
Authors: Crain Stephen , Zhou Peng 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper reports the findings of three experiments investigating children’s emerging knowledge of the semantics of information-seeking questions and declarative statements in Mandarin Chinese. Mandarin is particularly revealing about the semantic relationship between questions and statements, because it is a wh-in-situ language where question words appear in the same surface syntactic position in both questions and statements. The non-interrogative meanings that Mandarin-speaking children assign to question words lend weight to a unified approach to the semantics of existential expressions, including Free Choice Expressions, Negative Polarity Items, and disjunction words. When Mandarin question words appear in statements, children interpret them to be the semantic equivalents of existential expressions. The findings, therefore, support the unified approach to the semantics of existential expressions.
Developmental insights into gappy phenomena
Authors: Tieu Lyn , Bill Cory , Zehr Jérémy , Romoli Jacopo , Schwarz Florian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In natural language, we encounter various sentence types that, under certain circumstances, are evaluated as neither true nor false. For instance, it is intuitively difficult to assess the truth value of a sentence whose presupposition is not satisfied in the context. A common theoretical approach is to characterize the status of such sentences with a third value of one kind or another. In this chapter, we consider children’s acquisition of four linguistic phenomena that can give rise to ‘gappy’ judgments that correspond neither to True nor False: scalar implicature, presupposition, homogeneity, and vagueness. We discuss how young children’s interpretations of such sentences can provide insight into how these phenomena should be treated within semantic theories.
Identification of novel long chain N-acylhomoserine lactones of chain length C20 from the marine phototrophic bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum
Authors: Arashida Naoko , Shimbo Kazutaka , Terada Takeshi , Okimi Takuya , Kikuchi Yo , Hashiro Shuhei , Umekage So , Yasueda Hisashi 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Gram-negative bacterial quorum sensing is mainly regulated by an extracellularly produced N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL). AHL consists of a lactone ring and an acyl chain, which generally varies from C4 to C18 in length and affords species-specific variety. In this study, we developed an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry system and detected two kinds of long chain AHLs with chain length C20 from the reverse-phase thin layer chromatography-fractionated cultured supernatant of the marine photosynthetic bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. By fragmentation search analysis to detect compounds with a homoserine lactone ring moiety for data dependent acquisition, a minor AHL, presumed to be 3-OH-C18-homoserine lactone (HSL), was also found. Among the detected C20-HSLs, 3-OH-C20-HSL was structurally identified and 3-OH-C20:1-HSL was strongly suggested. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show a novel AHL with the longest C20 acyl side chain found to date.
Abbreviations: AGC: automatic gain control; AHL: N-acylhomoserine lactone; CD: cyclodextrin; CID: collision induced dissociation; DDA: data dependent acquisition; EPI: enhanced product ion; FISh: fragment ion search; HCD: high energy collisional dissociation; HSL: homoserine lactone; IT: injection time; LC: liquid chromatography; MS: mass spectrometry; PRM: parallel reaction monitoring; RP: reverse phase; SRM: selected reaction monitoring; TLC: thin layer chromatography; UHPLC: ultra high performance liquid chromatography
Increase in the thermostability of Bacillus sp. strain TAR-1 xylanase using a site saturation mutagenesis library
Authors: Nakatani Kota , Katano Yuta , Kojima Kenji , Takita Teisuke , Yatsunami Rie , Nakamura Satoshi , Yasukawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Site saturation mutagenesis library is a recently developed technique, in which any one out of all amino acid residues in a target region is substituted into other 19 amino acid residues. In this study, we used this technique to increase the thermostability of a GH10 xylanase, XynR, from Bacillus sp. strain TAR-1. We hypothesized that the substrate binding region of XynR is flexible, and that the thermostability of XynR will increase if the flexibility of the substrate binding region is decreased without impairing the substrate binding ability. Site saturation mutagenesis libraries of amino acid residues Tyr43–Lys115 and Ala300–Asn325 of XynR were constructed. By screening 480 clones, S92E was selected as the most thermostable one, exhibiting the residual activity of 80% after heat treatment at 80°C for 15 min in the hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan. Our results suggest that this strategy is effective for stabilization of GH10 xylanase.
Abbreviations: DNS: 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid; RBB-xylan: Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan
Strategies for a radical left
Authors: Allen Kieran 
Published: July 2018

The current instability in late capitalism has led to a polarisation of politics. There is a growth of both the far right and the radical left. The re-emergence of a radical left is motivated by left reformist aspirations. But the structures of the state and the pressures of global capital make it impossible to satisfy those aspirations by conventional means.
New transition organisations are required which link together those committed to the overthrow of capitalism with those who want genuine reforms. Such organisations need to sink local roots and develop an electoral presence to overcome media-induced marginalisation. Instead of a purely parliamentary focus, there is a need for strategies of ‘people power’ with a particular focus on the mobilisation of organised workers.
Meta-Research Evidence for Evaluating Therapies
Authors: Fuller Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe new field of meta-research investigates industry bias, publication bias, contradictions between studies, and other trends in medical research. I argue that its findings should be used as meta-evidence for evaluating therapies. ‘Meta-evidence’ is evidence about the support that direct ‘first-order evidence’ provides the hypothesis. I consider three objections to my proposal: the irrelevance objection, the screening-off objection, and the underdetermination objection. I argue that meta-research evidence works by rationally revising our confidence in first-order evidence and, consequently, in the hypothesis—typically, downward.
Representing and Explaining: The Eikonic Conception of Scientific Explanation
Authors: Bokulich Alisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe ontic conception of explanation, according to which explanations are full-bodied things in the world, is fundamentally misguided. I argue instead for what I call the eikonic conception, according to which explanations are the product of an epistemic activity involving representations of the phenomena to be explained. What is explained in the first instance is a particular conceptualization of the explanandum phenomenon, contextualized within a given research program or explanatory project. I conclude that this eikonic conception has a number of benefits, including making better sense of scientific practice and allowing for the full range of normative constraints on explanation.
How to Do Digital Philosophy of Science
Authors: Pence Charles H. , Ramsey Grant 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhilosophy of science is expanding via the introduction of new digital data and tools for their analysis. The data comprise digitized published books and journal articles, as well as heretofore unpublished material such as images, archival text, notebooks, meeting notes, and programs. The growth in available data is matched by the extensive development of automated analysis tools. The variety of data sources and tools can be overwhelming. In this article, we survey the state of digital work in the philosophy of science, showing what kinds of questions can be answered and how one can go about answering them.
Hierarchical optimization for the efficient parametrization of ODE models
Authors: Loos Carolin , Krause Sabrina , Hasenauer Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMotivationMathematical models are nowadays important tools for analyzing dynamics of cellular processes. The unknown model parameters are usually estimated from experimental data. These data often only provide information about the relative changes between conditions, hence, the observables contain scaling parameters. The unknown scaling parameters and corresponding noise parameters have to be inferred along with the dynamic parameters. The nuisance parameters often increase the dimensionality of the estimation problem substantially and cause convergence problems.ResultsIn this manuscript, we propose a hierarchical optimization approach for estimating the parameters for ordinary differential equation (ODE) models from relative data. Our approach restructures the optimization problem into an inner and outer subproblem. These subproblems possess lower dimensions than the original optimization problem, and the inner problem can be solved analytically. We evaluated accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency of the hierarchical approach by studying three signaling pathways. The proposed approach achieved better convergence than the standard approach and required a lower computation time. As the hierarchical optimization approach is widely applicable, it provides a powerful alternative to established approaches.Availability and implementationThe code is included in the MATLAB toolbox PESTO which is available at http://github.com/ICB-DCM/PESTOSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
BrainImageR: spatiotemporal gene set analysis referencing the human brain
Authors: Linker Sara B , Hsu Jonathan Y , Pfaff Adela , Amatya Debha , Ko Shu-Meng , Voter Sarah , Wong Quinn , Gage Fred H 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMotivationNeuronal analyses such as transcriptomics, epigenetics and genome-wide association studies must be assessed in the context of the human brain to generate biologically meaningful inferences. It is often difficult to access primary human brain tissue; therefore, approximations are made using alternative sources such as peripheral tissues or in vitro-derived neurons. Gene sets from these studies are then assessed for their association with the post-mortem human brain. However, most analyses of post-mortem datasets are achieved by building new computational tools each time in-house, which can cause discrepancies from study to study. The field is in need of a user-friendly tool to examine spatiotemporal expression with respect to the postmortem brain. Such a tool will be of use in the molecular interrogation of neurological and psychiatric disorders, with direct advantages for the disease-modeling and human genetics communities.ResultsWe have developed brainImageR, an R package that calculates both the spatial and temporal association of a dataset with post-mortem human brain. BrainImageR identifies anatomical regions enriched for candidate gene set expression. It further predicts the developmental time point of the sample, a task that has become increasingly important in the field of in vitro neuronal modeling. These functionalities of brainImageR enable a quick and efficient characterization of a given dataset across normal human brain development.Availability and implementationBrainImageR is released under the Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 license and can be accessed directly at brainimager.salk.edu or the R code can be downloaded through github at https://github.com/saralinker/brainImageR.
Resection of a Thoracic Hemangioblastoma in a Patient With Von Hippel-Lindau: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Dekker Simone E , Ostergard Thomas A , Glenn Chad A , Shammassian Berje , Cox Efrem , Pace Jonathan A , Yoo Kevin , Alonso Fernando , Bambakidis Nicholas C 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This 3-dimensional operative video illustrates resection of a thoracic hemangioblastoma in a 30-year-old female with a history of Von Hippel-Lindau disease. The patient presented with right lower extremity numbness and flank pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an enhancing intradural intramedullary lesion at T 7 consistent with a hemangioblastoma. The patient underwent a thoracic laminectomy with a midline dural opening for tumor resection. This case demonstrates the principles of intradural intramedullary spinal cord tumor resection. In this particular case, internal debulking was untenable owing to the vascular nature of hemangioblastomas. The operative video demonstrates en bloc tumor removal. Postoperative MRI demonstrated gross total resection. The postoperative course was uneventful. The natural history of this disease, treatment options, and potential complications are discussed.
Microsurgical Treatment of Recurrent Conus Medullaris Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Woodall M Neil , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involving the conus medullaris have a unique angioarchitecture due to their involvement of the arterial basket of the conus medullaris, which represents an arterial anastomotic network between the anterior spinal artery (ASA) and posterior spinal arteries (PSAs) at the level of the conus medullaris.
1
These lesions consist of a combination of a true AVM nidus, which is usually extramedullary, and direct shunts between the ASA, PSAs, and the venous system. Patients may present with radiculopathy, myelopathy, or subarachnoid hemorrhage.
2

A 40-yr-old woman status post T11-L1 laminoplasty for resection of a ruptured conus AVM 6 yr prior presented with routine follow-up angiography suggestive of an arteriovenous fistula. She was counseled regarding treatment options including endovascular embolization and microsurgical ligation or resection, and she elected to proceed with surgical treatment. At the time of surgery, a recurrent AVM was noted. A 2-dimensional intraoperative video illustrates the microsurgical treatment of her recurrent conus AVM. The patient recovered well postoperatively. Spinal angiography demonstrated complete obliteration of the lesion. The patient experienced transient urinary retention that was self-limited but otherwise was without any new neurological deficit. Due to the retrospective nature of this report, informed consent was not required.
Video used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, all rights reserved.