bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update in adrenal venous sampling for primary aldosteronism
Authors: Rossi Gian Paolo 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
Current guidelines recommend adrenal venous sampling (AVS) to identify the surgically curable causes of hyperaldosteronism. In contrast with this recommendation, AVS remains markedly underutilized in clinical practice, which leads to deny curative adrenalectomy, to many patients with primary aldosteronism. The purpose of this review is to challenge the views that AVS is a technically challenging, invasive and risky procedure, which moreover, is difficult to interpret.

Recent findings
Several studies, including a large international survey on how AVS is being performed and used at major referral centres worldwide the AVIS-1 Study – and a randomized clinical trial comparing and AVS and a computed tomography based strategy, will be examined.

Summary
The results of these studies have sound implications for clinical practice in that they allow to define what to do and what not to do for proper performance and interpretation of AVS and avoidance of the main concern, for example the risk of adrenal vein rupture.
Modification and Assessment of the Bedside Pediatric Early Warning Score in the Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Population
Authors: Cater Daniel T. , Tori Alvaro J. , Moser Elizabeth A. S. , Rowan Courtney M. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
To determine the validity of the Bedside Pediatric Early Warning Score system in the hematopoietic cell transplant population, and to determine if the addition of weight gain further strengthens the association with need for PICU admission.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study of pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant patients from 2009 to 2016. Daily Pediatric Early Warning Score and weights were collected during hospitalization. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between maximum Pediatric Early Warning Score or Pediatric Early Warning Score plus weight gain and the need for PICU intervention. The primary outcome was need for PICU intervention; secondary outcomes included mortality and intubation.

Setting:
A large quaternary free-standing children’s hospital.

Patients:
One-hundred two pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of the 102 hematopoietic cell transplant patients included in the study, 29 were admitted to the PICU. The median peak Pediatric Early Warning Score was 11 (interquartile range, 8–13) in the PICU admission cohort, compared with 4 (interquartile range, 3–5) in the cohort without a PICU admission (p < 0.0001). Pediatric Early Warning Score greater than or equal to 8 had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 90%. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.83. There was a high negative predictive value at this Pediatric Early Warning Score of 90%. When Pediatric Early Warning Score greater than or equal to 8 and weight gain greater than or equal to 7% were compared together, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased to 0.88.

Conclusions:
In this study, a Pediatric Early Warning Score greater than or equal to 8 was associated with PICU admission, having a moderately high sensitivity and high specificity. This study adds to literature supporting Pediatric Early Warning Score monitoring for hematopoietic cell transplant patients. Combining weight gain with Pediatric Early Warning Score improved the discriminative ability of the model to predict the need for critical care, suggesting that incorporation of weight gain into Pediatric Early Warning Score may be beneficial for monitoring of hematopoietic cell transplant patients.
Treatment of Dehisced, Thoracic Neonatal Wounds With Single-Use Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Device and Medical-Grade Honey
Authors: Boyar Vita 
Published: March 2018

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to report on our experience with a portable, single-use negative pressure wound therapy device used in combination with activated active Leptospermum honey (ALH) in the treatment of colonized or infected, dehisced, thoracic wounds in neonates with complex congenital heart disease.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, descriptive study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
We reviewed medical records of 18 neonates and reported on findings from 11; the remaining 7 were not included secondary to incomplete records, transfer to a different institution prior to wound healing, or death. The median age of our patients was 12 days (range, 2 days to 5 weeks); their mean gestational age was 34 weeks. All of the neonates had acquired postoperative wound dehiscence that were colonized or infected and were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Cohen Children's Medical Center (New Hyde Park, New York), a regional perinatal center with a level 4 NICU.

METHODS:
Wound cultures were obtained on all patients prior to treatment commencement. All cultures were repeated on day 4 of treatment. Systemic antibiotics were administered as necessary. No complications were observed related to the use of negative pressure wound therapy device and ALH. All patients were followed until discharge home or transfer to another facility. The pain scores during placement and removal were acceptable (between 1 and 3; median = 2) using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale. Staff and parents indicated that the combination of ALH and the negative pressure wound therapy device did not interfere with daily care and parental bonding.

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of ALH and a single-use negative pressure wound therapy device was successful in this series of 11 neonates with complex congenital heart disease.
Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Intrarectal Device for Management of Fecal Incontinence in Bedridden Patients
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Bhargava Balram , Vasantha Padma , Bhatia Rohit , Sharma Hanish , Pal Sujoy , Sahni Peush , Makharia Govind K. 
Published: March 2018

PURPOSE:
The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a stool management kit (SMK) for containment of fecal incontinence in hospitalized bedridden patients.

DESIGN:
A single-group quasi-experimental study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
Twenty bedridden adults who had at least 1 episode of fecal incontinence in the prior 24 hours participated in the study. The study setting was the neurological unit of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, India.

METHODS:
The study was carried out in 2 phases. The device was placed in situ for up to 24 hours in 10 patients during phase I of the study and up to 120 hours in an additional 10 patients during phase II. Participants were assessed for anorectal injury and peripheral device leakage on a 4- to 6-hourly basis. Sigmoidoscopy was performed to evaluate for any mucosal trauma or alteration of anorectal pathology after retrieval of the device.

RESULTS:
The device was successfully placed in all patients following the first attempt to place the device; 80% of patients retained the device until planned removal. The SMK diverted fecal matter without anal leakage in 174 (93.5%) out of 186 assessment points in a group of 20 patients. The devices remained in situ for 21 ± 0.2 and 84.5 ± 38.9 hours during phase I and phase II, respectively. None experienced anorectal bleeding, sphincter injury, or mucosal ulceration with device usage. Post–device sigmoidoscopy revealed erythema at the site of diverter placement in 2 participants.

CONCLUSION:
Study findings suggest that the SMK successfully diverted liquid to semiformed fecal exudate without peripheral device leakage in 93.5% of bedridden patients. No serious adverse events occurred. Additional research is needed to compare its effectiveness with that of currently available intrarectal balloon devices.
VarQ: a tool for the structural analysis of Human Protein Variants
Authors: Radusky Leandro , Modenutti Carlos , Delgado Javier , Bustamante Juan P. , Vishnopolska Sebastian , Kiel Christina , Serrano Luis , Marti Marcelo , Turjanski Adrián 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the functional effect of Single Amino acid Substitutions (SAS), derived from the occurrence of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), and their relation to disease development is a major issue in clinical genomics. Even though there are several bioinformatic algorithms and servers that predict if a SAS can be pathogenic or not they give little or non-information on the actual effect on the protein function. Moreover, many of these algorithms are able to predict an effect that no necessarily translates directly into pathogenicity. VarQ Web Server is an online tool that given an UniProt id automatically analyzes known and user provided SAS for their effect on protein activity, folding, aggregation and protein interactions among others. VarQ assessment was performed over a set of previously manually curated variants, showing its ability to correctly predict the phenotypic outcome and its underlying cause. This resource is available online at http://varq.qb.fcen.uba.ar/.Contact: lradusky@qb.fcen.uba.arSupporting Information & Tutorials may be found in the webpage of the tool.
Design and simulations of non-uniform velocity motion curves for a slider-crank servo press
Authors: Qu Juxin 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a new design approach for stamping process curves based on the main transmission structure of a slider-crank servo press.

Design/methodology/approach
A numerical simulation approach for the slider and crank motion curve shape is developed on the basis of the forward and inverse kinematics models. A general method of curve segment connection is analyzed and discussed. Examples and experiments are also given to verify the feasibility of this work.

Findings
By properly connecting the basic curve segments, such as the constant velocity and cycloid trajectory segments, the designed curve can be incorporated into the output motion. The basic curve segments can be used as backups and stored in a curve repository. Different requirements of stamping process curves can be obtained by connecting the newly designed curve segments and selected existing curve segments. That the design approach has transferability to similar problems is encouraging.

Originality/value
This study provides a new method of designing curves for non-uniform velocity motion by connecting commonly used basic curve segments. It is characterized by simple operation and small calculating amount. Different curves can be obtained by connecting the newly designed segments and selected existing segments. Choosing simple curve segments freely can maintain minimum power dissipation in non-working intervals. The method can obtain minimum peak values of acceleration and jerk in the connection interval. Basic curve segments can also be used as backups and stored in a curve repository to improve the efficiency of design.
Smart home for elder care using wireless sensor
Authors: Udupa Prathiba , Yellampalli Siva S. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain, in brief, about smart, intelligent system which actively monitors the wellness of the elderly and will also send necessary alarms to the caretakers or doctors during an emergency because nowadays most of elderly people wish to stay alone independently. It is necessary to monitor their health conditions and activities continuously to prevent occurrence of health problems and also be able to provide medical assistance to them during emergencies.

Design/methodology/approach
The review paper describes the development of a methodology to monitor elderly continuously with a combination of advanced intelligent sensors, networking technologies and data processing system.

Findings
This paper identified various sensors used in smart home such as a pressure sensor, temperature sensor, etc., for monitoring elders health and their characteristics and also the cost, model number, etc., of various sensors available in the market.

Originality/value
This paper contains the comparison of various sensors available in the market that can be used in the smart home and also where we can use those sensors in smart home based on their characteristics.
Service failures after online flash sales: role of deal proneness, attribution, and emotion
Authors: Vakeel Khadija Ali , Sivakumar K. , Jayasimha K.R. , Dey Shubhamoy 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on failures in online flash sales (OFS) and to explore why consumers participate in an OFS even after experiencing service failure. It also examines the role of deal proneness, attribution, and emotions.Design/methodology/approachUsing a mixed method approach to gain insights into this relatively unexplored phenomenon of OFS, this research uses netnography followed by a survey study.FindingsThe findings show that deal-prone customers tend to ignore service failures during OFS and re-participate in the future. In the context of OFS, failures attributed to internal locus of attribution (LOA) also have a negative effect on re-participation compared with failures attributed to external LOA. Furthermore, there is a three-way interaction among deal proneness, LOA, and past emotions. The results show that negative past emotions further exacerbate the impact of attribution on the link between deal proneness and re-participation.Originality/valueIn contrast with prior research, the paper shows that consumers participate even after service failure. The proposed difference is between customers who experience different LOA and past emotions offers insights into their behavior after service failure in a new context of an online/electronic commerce event – flash sales. This paper specifically explores the role of internal LOA and finds that it has a more negative impact than external LOA on re-participation.
Detection of Fingermarks—Applicability to Metallic Surfaces: A Literature Review
Authors: Christofidis George , Morrissey Joanne , Birkett Jason W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere are many different fingermark visualization techniques available, and the choice of methodology employed may be dependent on the surface type. This comprehensive review of the scientific literature evaluates the methodologies of fingermark enhancement methods that are applicable to metallic surfaces; optical, physical, chemical, and physicochemical methods are critically discussed. Methods that are currently used and those that have the potential to reduce the cost and time required to process evidence and increase the recovery rates are considered and are assessed against the Centre for Applied Science and Technology (CAST) and the International Fingerprint Research Group (IFRG) guidelines. The use of chemical imaging techniques in particular has increased the potential to recover fingermarks of sufficient quality for identification purposes. Presently, there appears to be a lack of detailed research pertaining to validation and thorough casework studies for fingermark enhancement techniques. Further studies incorporating these guidelines are recommended.
Drinking despite adversity: behavioral evidence for a head down and push strategy of conflict‐resistant alcohol drinking in rats
Authors: Darevsky David , Gill Thomas Michael , Vitale Katherine Rose , Hu Bing , Wegner Scott Andrew , Hopf Frederic Woodward 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCompulsive alcohol drinking, where intake persists regardless of adverse consequences, plays a major role in the substantial costs of alcohol use disorder. However, the processes that promote aversion‐resistant drinking remain poorly understood. Compulsion‐like responding has been considered automatic and reflexive and also to involve higher motivation, since drinking persists despite adversity. Thus, we used lickometry, where microstructural behavioral changes can reflect altered motivation, to test whether conflict‐resistant intake [quinine‐alcohol (QuiA)] reflected greater automaticity or motivation relative to alcohol‐only drinking (Alc). Front‐loading during QuiA and Alc suggested incentive to drink in both. However, the relationship between total licking and intake was less variable during QuiA, as was lick volume, without changes in average responding. QuiA bout organization was also less variable, with fewer licks outside of bouts (stray licks) and fewer gaps within bouts. Interestingly, QuiA avoidance of stray licking continued into short bouts, with fewer short and more medium‐length bouts, which was striking given their minor impact on intake. Instead, more effort at bout onset could allow short bouts to persist longer. Indeed, while QuiA licking was overall faster, QuiA bouts were especially fast at bout initiation. However, few QuiA changes individually predicted greater intake, perhaps suggesting an overarching strategy during aversion‐resistant responding. Thus, our results indicate that aversion‐resistant intake exhibited less variability, where increased automaticity could decrease need for awareness, and stronger bout initiation, which might prolong responding despite adversity. This may reflect a collective strategy, which we call Head Down and Push responding that facilitates conflict‐resistant, compulsion‐like intake.
Incidence of cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis and clinical efficacy of screening intradermal tests with cephalosporins: A large multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang M.‐S. , Kang D.Y. , Seo B. , Park H. J. , Park S.‐Y. , Kim M.‐Y. , Park K. H. , Koo S.‐M. , Nam Y.‐H. , Kim S. , Jung J.‐W. , Kim T.‐B. , Jang G. C. , Yang H.‐J. , Ahn Y.‐M. , Park J.‐W. , Kang H.‐R. ,   Drug Allergy Work Group of KAAACI
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated the incidence of anaphylaxis induced by individual or structurally similar cephalosporins. The aims of the study were to assess the incidence of cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis and evaluate the clinical efficacy of screening skin tests.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we obtained information on total cephalosporin use and cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis in intravenous cephalosporin recipients in 12 general hospitals between 2013 and 2015. Cephalosporins were divided into 4 groups according to similar side‐chain structures. The incidence of cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis was assessed for each cephalosporin, cephalosporin generation, and side‐chain group. To verify the efficacy of screening intradermal tests (IDT) with cephalosporin, the 12 hospitals were assigned to the intervention or control group depending on whether they performed screening IDT before the administration of cephalosporins.ResultsWe identified 76 cases of cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis with 1 123 345 exposures to intravenous cephalosporins (6.8 per 100 000 exposures), and the incidence of fatal anaphylaxis by cephalosporin was 0.1 cases per 100 000 exposures. The highest incidences of anaphylaxis occurred in the ceftizoxime (13.0 cases per 100 000 exposures) and side‐chain group 1 (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime; 9.3 per 100 000). There was no case of anaphylaxis induced by cefoxitin, cefmetazole, cefminox, and cefotiam. The clinical effectiveness of routine screening IDT was not significant (P = .06).ConclusionsThe incidence of cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis differed according to individual drugs and side‐chain structure. Screening IDT showed no clinical efficacy at a population level.
Identification of specifically reduced Th2 cell subsets in allergic rhinitis patients after sublingual immunotherapy
Authors: Ihara F. , Sakurai D. , Yonekura S. , Iinuma T. , Yagi R. , Sakurai T. , Ito T. , Matsuura A. , Morimoto Y. , Arai T. , Suzuki S. , Katayama K. , Nakayama T. , Okamoto Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Th2 cells are well known to play important roles in allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis (AR), the factors that induce and sustain the pathogenesis of AR remain unclear. The recent development of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is expected to allow changes to the underlying pathogenesis of AR. However, which Th2 cell subsets are important in house dust mite‐induced AR (HDM‐AR), the influence of SLIT on the pathogenic Th2 cells, and the association of Th2 cell subsets with SLIT efficacy have not been clarified.MethodsThe cytokine production and frequency of HDM‐reactive T‐cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated using flow cytometry in 89 HDM‐AR patients (placebo [n = 43] and HDM 300 IR [n = 46]) who participated in a placebo‐controlled study of SLIT with HDM tablets. All patients provided samples both before treatment as a baseline and at the end of the 52‐week study. The PBMCs were stained with CellTrace™ Violet (CTV) before culture with HDM extract, and HDM‐reactive T cells were detected as the proliferated cells with diminished CTV.ResultsHDM‐reactive IL‐5+IL‐13+CD27−CD161+CD4+ cells and ST2+CD45RO+CD4+ cells were observed in the peripheral blood from each patient with HDM‐AR; these cells significantly decreased after SLIT in the group treated with active tablets. HDM‐reactive ST2+CD45RO+CD4+ cells were significantly lower in active‐responders.ConclusionAllergen‐reactive ST2+CD45RO+CD4+ cells or those combined with IL‐5+IL‐13+CD27−CD161+CD4+ cells may be useful as markers indicating the successful treatment of SLIT. These cells may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AR as pathogenic memory Th2 cells.
Radiotherapy for anal squamous cell carcinoma: must the upper pelvic nodes and the inguinal nodes be treated?
Authors: Thompson Stephen R. , Lee Isabel S. Y. , Carroll Susan , Bishop Sarah , Douglas Philip , Lam Francis , Brown Chris , Williams Janet , Goldstein David 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundLoco‐regional failure is the predominant cause of death in anal squamous cell carcinoma. We assessed patterns of loco‐regional recurrence to determine the impact of radiotherapy (RT) volumes on patient outcome.MethodsRetrospective clinical study, including patients treated curatively with RT or chemo‐radiotherapy between 1994 and 2007. RT fields/volumes were reviewed and compared with patterns of failure. Patients were classified as having whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) if RT extended to L5/S1 or lower pelvic radiotherapy (LPRT) if it extended to the lower sacroiliac joints or below. Patients with negative inguinal nodes either underwent prophylactic inguinal radiotherapy (PIRT) or had inguinal observation (IO). Patterns of failure were compared.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients (53%) had WPRT and 24 (47%) had LPRT. Forty‐two patients had negative inguinal nodes: 29 (69%) had PIRT and 13 (31%) had IO. Median follow‐up was 5.8 years. Twelve regional failures occurred in eight patients: three pelvic, one inguinal and four pelvic and inguinal. All patients with regional failure died of disease. Pelvic nodal failure was 7.7% in N0 and 33% in N1–3 patients (P = 0.012). There was no difference in pelvic regional failure between WPRT and LPRT (11% versus 16%, P = 0.64). There was only one possible regional failure above LPRT in this group (4%). Inguinal failure was 0% in the PIRT group compared with 23% in IO group (P = 0.009).ConclusionThere was no difference in pelvic regional failure between WPRT and LPRT. LPRT is likely to be safe in N0 patients. Inguinal nodes should be treated in all patients.