bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative comparison of taxa and taxon concepts in the diatom genus Fragilariopsis: a case study on using slide scanning, multiexpert image annotation, and image analysis in taxonomy1
Authors: Beszteri Bánk , Allen Claire , Almandoz Gastón O. , Armand Leanne , Barcena María Ángeles , Cantzler Hannelore , Crosta Xavier , Esper Oliver , Jordan Richard W. , Kauer Gerhard , Klaas Christine , Kloster Michael , Leventer Amy , Pike Jennifer , Rigual Hernández Andrés S. 
Published: July 2018

Semiautomated methods for microscopic image acquisition, image analysis, and taxonomic identification have repeatedly received attention in diatom analysis. Less well studied is the question whether and how such methods might prove useful for clarifying the delimitation of species that are difficult to separate for human taxonomists. To try to answer this question, three very similar Fragilariopsis species endemic to the Southern Ocean were targeted in this study: F. obliquecostata, F. ritscheri, and F. sublinearis. A set of 501 extended focus depth specimen images were obtained using a standardized, semiautomated microscopic procedure. Twelve diatomists independently identified these specimen images in order to reconcile taxonomic opinions and agree upon a taxonomic gold standard. Using image analyses, we then extracted morphometric features representing taxonomic characters of the target taxa. The discriminating ability of individual morphometric features was tested visually and statistically, and multivariate classification experiments were performed to test the agreement of the quantitatively defined taxa assignments with expert consensus opinion. Beyond an updated differential diagnosis of the studied taxa, our study also shows that automated imaging and image analysis procedures for diatoms are coming close to reaching a broad applicability for routine use.
Clemency and Conversion: Theological Reflections on Mozart’s La Clemenzadi Tito
Authors: Lösel Steffen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis essay suggests that Mozart's serious opera La clemenza di Tito encapsulates both a political philosophy and a theological anthropology, which reflect the composer's dual commitments to the late Enlightenment and Catholicism. I argue that the opera advocates for the rule of law and specifically for a renewed (Beccarian) understanding of clemency as general lenience in punishing rather than as the absolute ruler's extraordinary use of pardons based in his liberum arbitrium. At the same time, Mozart's Clemenza offers the audience a Christian account of the journey from concupiscence and sin to salvation, caused by mercy, love, and suffering.
Bronchial hyper‐responsiveness in preterm‐born subjects: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kotecha Sailesh , Clemm Hege , Halvorsen Thomas , Kotecha Sarah J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPreterm‐born survivors have increased respiratory symptoms and decreased lung function, but the nature of bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (BHR) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis for BHR in preterm‐born survivors including those with and without chronic lung disease in infancy (CLD) comparing results to term‐born subjects.MethodsWe searched eight databases up to December 2016. Included articles compared BHR in preterm‐born and term‐born subjects. Studies reporting BHR as decreases in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after provocation stimuli were included. The analysis used Review Manager V5.3.ResultsFrom 10 638 titles, 265 full articles were screened, and 28 included in a descriptive analysis. Eighteen articles were included in a meta‐analysis as they reported the proportion of subjects who had BHR. Pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates (95% confidence interval) for BHR comparing the preterm and term‐born groups was 1.88 (1.32, 2.66). The majority of the studies reported BHR after a methacholine challenge or an exercise test. Odds ratio was 1.89 (1.12, 3.19) after methacholine challenge and 2.59 (1.50, 4.50) after an exercise test. Nine of fifteen articles reporting BHR in CLD subjects were included in a meta‐analysis. Differences for BHR including for methacholine (OR 4.35; 2.36, 8.03) and exercise (OR 5.13; 1.82, 14.47) were greater in the CLD group compared to the term group.ConclusionsPreterm‐born subjects especially those who had CLD had increased rates of BHR to direct (methacholine) and indirect (exercise) stimuli compared to term‐born subjects suggesting subgroups might benefit from anti‐inflammatory or bronchodilator therapies.
The mechanism of SO2‐induced stomatal closure differs from O3 and CO2 responses and is mediated by nonapoptotic cell death in guard cells
Authors: Ooi Lia , Matsuura Takakazu , Munemasa Shintaro , Murata Yoshiyuki , Katsuhara Maki , Hirayama Takashi , Mori Izumi C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPlants closing stomata in the presence of harmful gases is believed to be a stress avoidance mechanism. SO2, one of the major airborne pollutants, has long been reported to induce stomatal closure, yet the mechanism remains unknown. Little is known about the stomatal response to airborne pollutants besides O3. SLOW ANION CHANNEL‐ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) and OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) were identified as genes mediating O3‐induced closure. SLAC1 and OST1 are also known to mediate stomatal closure in response to CO2, together with RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs (RBOHs). The overlaying roles of these genes in response to O3 and CO2 suggested that plants share their molecular regulators for airborne stimuli. Here, we investigated and compared stomatal closure event induced by a wide concentration range of SO2 in Arabidopsis through molecular genetic approaches. O3‐ and CO2‐insensitive stomata mutants did not show significant differences from the wild type in stomatal sensitivity, guard cell viability, and chlorophyll content revealing that SO2‐induced closure is not regulated by the same molecular mechanisms as for O3 and CO2. Nonapoptotic cell death is shown as the reason for SO2‐induced closure, which proposed the closure as a physicochemical process resulted from SO2 distress, instead of a biological protection mechanism.
Influence of infantile hemangioma severity and activity on QoL of patients and their parents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Moyakine Andre V. , Spillekom‐van Koulil Saskia , Küpers Elselien M. , van der Vleuten Catharina J. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundQuality of life (QoL) data are lacking in children with infantile hemangioma (IH) and their parents/caregivers. Available data are conflicting.ObjectivesTo determine QoL of (parents of) patients with IH in the proliferative phase related to IH‐severity and activity.MethodsParents of 59 IH‐patients (≤ 6 months) were asked to fill in the Dutch IH‐specific QoL‐questionnaire (D‐IH‐QoL) within 1 month after their first visit to our tertiary referral center. Hemangioma Severity Scale (HSS) score and Hemangioma Activity Score (HAS) were assessed.ResultsD‐IH‐QoL‐scores were low; mean: 22.6 (range 1‐56; max 116). Mean HSS score and HAS score were 8.4 (range 2‐28) and 4.0 (range 1.5‐6), respectively. Higher HSS scores correlated with worse QoL (ρ = .358; P = .005). HAS scores did not correlate with QoL scores.ConclusionAn IH only seems to have limited influence on QoL in young children and their parents in the first month of their first doctor's visit. QoL is more affected in more severe IH. Physicians should be alert to the impact of IH, optionally guided by the HSS score.
Parental absence, remittances and educational investment in children left behind: Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Raut Nirmal Kumar , Tanaka Ryuichi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper utilizes the third wave of the Nepal Living Standards Survey to assess the causal impact of parental absence and remittances on the educational investment in children left behind. Unlike previous studies, we separately identify parental absence and remittances, with careful consideration of self‐selection into migration and endogeneity of remittances. Using a two‐step estimation strategy, we show that parental absence has a substantive disruptive effect on education of children left behind, while remittances have a positive effect. In addition, we show that non‐parental absence has no effect on education. Further, we provide supporting evidence about the channels to disruption. Finally, we show some heterogeneity results by the child’s gender and education status of the mother. The results by child’s gender confirm that remittances relax the liquidity constraints of households by investing in education of the girls. Further, the results by education status of the mother provide evidence that an educated mother can play a role in neutralizing or mitigating the negative effects of parental absence.
“Impact of comprehendible learning modes on oral health among visually impaired adults”
Authors: Vyas Shaleen , Nagarajappa Sandesh , Dasar Pralhad L. , Mishra Prashant 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo assess changes in oral hygiene status, oral health knowledge and behavior among visually impaired individuals using dental health education material transcribed in Braille and Compressed speech.MethodologyA nonrandomized before and after comparison study was conducted among 4 purposively selected institutes for visually impaired in Indore region, Central India. A stratified random sampling was employed to select 144 visually impaired individuals aged 15–35 years. Oral health education (OHE) material was developed in Braille and compressed speech. Participants were intervened using OHE material. A self‐administered Braille transcribed proforma was used to record participants responses on oral health knowledge and behavior at baseline, 1‐week, 1‐month, and 3‐months followed by clinical examination. Descriptive statistics was used for frequencies, mean, and standard deviation of variables. Bivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of independent variables on self‐reported oral health, knowledge score and oral hygiene status.ResultsThe mean knowledge score of participants in Braille group at 3‐month was significantly higher (11.86 ± 2.41) than in compressed speech group (8.59 ± 2.74). Compressed speech showed significant reduction in mean gingival score (1.02 ± 0.73) at 3‐month (P ≤ 0.001). Bivariate regression indicated Braille education was significantly effective in improving knowledge (OR: 6.02) and oral hygiene status (OR: 8.24) (P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionBraille method of intervention was more effective in improving knowledge scores and oral hygiene status among visually impaired participants.
The relations of children’s emotion knowledge to their observed social play and reticent/uninvolved behavior in preschool: Moderation by effortful control
Authors: Gal‐Szabo Diana E. , Spinrad Tracy L. , Eisenberg Nancy , Sulik Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing data from a study of 140 preschool children (39% female), we examined the relations between direct assessments of emotion knowledge and naturalistic observations of behavior during free‐play periods, and tested parent‐ and teacher‐reported effortful control as a moderator of these relations. Basic emotion recognition was unrelated to social play and reticent behavior, whereas situational understanding of emotions (thought to be a relatively sophisticated aspect of emotion knowledge) was negatively related to reticent/uninvolved behavior and marginally positively related to social play. Effortful control significantly moderated these relations, such that situational emotion understanding was more strongly related to reticent/uninvolved behavior and social play at low levels of effortful control, and unrelated to outcomes at high levels of effortful control. These results highlight the unique role of situational understanding in predicting children’s social competence and suggest that emotion knowledge is particularly important for children who struggle with effortful regulation skills.
It's written all over their faces: Preschoolers' emotion understanding
Authors: Bailey Bisson Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEmotion understanding is a multifaceted construct made up of several components. To identify how several common components of emotion understanding relate to one another, five emotion understanding tasks were compared within the same group of children. Fifty‐four preschool children (M = 3.81 years, SD = 0.40) were asked to display the typical facial expression of six emotions after hearing their corresponding emotion label. They were then read six vignettes and asked to: “use your face to show how [the protagonist] would feel,” provide an emotion label for the main character, and “choose a picture of a face that would look like [the main character].” Finally, they were asked to provide a label for emotions presented to them in photographs. For all tasks, six emotions were examined: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. With the exception of the two modeling tasks, results show correlations among the emotion understanding tasks. There was a significant interaction between task and emotion category for emotion understanding accuracy. However, there was some consistency in the pattern of discrete emotion categorization emergence across the tasks. Additionally, accuracy scores (representing emotion understanding) across tasks were not equivalent. Findings are discussed in the broader context of emotion understanding.
Successful treatment of primary donor‐derived human herpesvirus‐8 infection and hepatic Kaposi Sarcoma in an adult liver transplant recipient
Authors: Fu Whitney , Merola Jonathan , Malinis Maricar , Lacy Jill , Barbieri Andrea , Liapakis Annmarie H. , Mulligan David C. , Yoo Peter S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKaposi sarcoma (KS) may rarely occur in transplant recipients through primary human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8) infection from a seropositive donor. This report describes a patient who developed hepatic KS after receiving a split liver transplant from an HHV‐8‐positive donor. The recipient was treated with liposomal doxorubicin after reduction in immunosuppression led to acute cellular rejection. This treatment achieved regression of KS while preserving allograft function, demonstrating a successful therapeutic strategy for this malignancy.
Ultrasonographic features of colonic B‐cell lymphoma with mesenteric lymphomatosis in a cat
Authors: Oetelaar Garrett S. , Lim Chee Kin , Heng Hock Gan , Fulkerson Christopher M , Shaevitz Marejka H , Thompson Craig A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA 10‐year‐old male neutered Domestic Shorthair cat was referred for chronic inappetence, weight loss, and hematochezia and an abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneously hypoechoic transmural colonic mass, which extended beyond the serosa and into the adjacent mesentery. Cytology and clonality assays of fine needle aspirates of the mass and mesenteric nodules yielded a diagnosis of B‐cell lymphoma. Colonic lymphoma with mesenteric involvement can have a similar appearance to carcinomatosis, therefore a definitive diagnosis requires sampling and further testing of the mesenteric lesions.
ERG3 potassium channel‐mediated suppression of neuronal intrinsic excitability and prevention of seizure generation in mice
Authors: Xiao Kuo , Sun Zhiming , Jin Xueqin , Ma Weining , Song Yan , Lai Shirong , Chen Qian , Fan Minghua , Zhang Jingliang , Yue Weihua , Huang Zhuo 
Published: July 2018

Key points
ERG3 channels have a high expression level in the central nervous system.
Knockdown of ERG3 channels enhances neuronal intrinsic excitability (caused by decreased fast afterhyperpolarization, shortened delay time to the generation of an action potential and enhanced summation of somatic excitatory postsynaptic potentials) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and dentate gyrus granule cells.
The expression of ERG3 protein is reduced in human and mouse hippocampal epileptogenic foci.
Knockdown of ERG3 channels in hippocampus enhanced seizure susceptibility, while mice treated with the ERG channel activator NS‐1643 were less prone to epileptogenesis.
The results provide strong evidence that ERG3 channels have a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal intrinsic excitability in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and dentate gyrus granule cells and are critically involved in the onset and development of epilepsy.

AbstractThe input–output relationship of neuronal networks depends heavily on the intrinsic properties of their neuronal elements. Profound changes in intrinsic properties have been observed in various physiological and pathological processes, such as learning, memory and epilepsy. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying acquired changes in intrinsic excitability are still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that ERG3 channels are critically involved in the regulation of intrinsic excitability in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and dentate gyrus granule cells. Knock‐down of ERG3 channels significantly increases neuronal intrinsic excitability, which is mainly caused by decreased fast afterhyperpolarization, shortened delay time to the generation of an action potential and enhanced summation of somatic excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Interestingly, the expression level of ERG3 protein is significantly reduced in human and mouse brain tissues with temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, ERG3 channel knockdown in hippocampus significantly enhanced seizure susceptibility, while mice treated with the ERG channel activator NS‐1643 were less prone to epileptogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest ERG3 channels play an important role in determining the excitability of hippocampal neurons and dysregulation of these channels may be involved in the generation of epilepsy. ERG3 channels may thus be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of epilepsy.
Novel mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier function in the pulmonary microcirculation
Authors: Simmons Szandor , Erfinanda Lasti , Bartz Christoph , Kuebler Wolfgang M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe pulmonary epithelial and vascular endothelial cell layers provide two sequential physical and immunological barriers that together form a semi‐permeable interface and prevent alveolar and interstitial oedema formation. In this review, we focus specifically on the continuous endothelium of the pulmonary microvascular bed that warrants strict control of the exchange of gases, fluid, solutes and circulating cells between the plasma and the interstitial space. The present review provides an overview of emerging molecular mechanisms that permit constant transcellular exchange between the vascular and interstitial compartment, and cause, prevent or reverse lung endothelial barrier failure under experimental conditions, yet with a clinical perspective. Based on recent findings and at times seemingly conflicting results we discuss emerging paradigms of permeability regulation by altered ion transport as well as shifts in the homeostasis of sphingolipids, angiopoietins and prostaglandins.image
Phosphorylation of FtsZ and FtsA by a DNA Damage-Responsive Ser/Thr Protein Kinase Affects Their Functional Interactions in
Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Maurya Ganesh K. , Modi Kruti , Banerjee Manisha , Chaudhary Reema , Rajpurohit Yogendra S. , Misra Hari S. 
Published: July 2018

The LexA/RecA-type SOS response is the only characterized mechanism of DNA damage response in bacteria. It regulates cell cycle by attenuating the functions of cell division protein FtsZ and inducing the expression of DNA repair proteins. There are bacteria, including
Deinococcus radiodurans
, that do not show this classical SOS response.
D. radiodurans
is known for its extraordinary resistance to gamma radiation, and a DNA damage-responsive Ser/Thr protein kinase (RqkA) has been characterized for its role in radioresistance. RqkA phosphorylates a large number of proteins in solution. The phosphorylation of RecA and PprA by RqkA enhanced their activities. FtsZ phosphorylation is inducible by gamma radiation in wild-type
D. radiodurans
but not in an
rqkA
mutant. Phosphorylation affected the interaction of FtsZ and FtsA in this bacterium. This study, therefore, brought forth some findings that might lead to the discovery of a new mechanism regulating the bacterial cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
Factors associated with additional anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and register comparison: a systematic review on the Scandinavian knee ligament registers
Authors: Svantesson Eleonor , Hamrin Senorski Eric , Baldari Angelo , Ayeni Olufemi R. , Engebretsen Lars , Franceschi Francesco , Karlsson Jon , Samuelsson Kristian 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo present an overview of the Scandinavian knee ligament registers with regard to factors associated with additional ACL reconstruction, and studies comparing the Scandinavian registers with other knee ligament registers.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesFour electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and AMED were searched, and 157 studies were identified. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full-text studies for eligibility. A modified version of the Downs and Black checklist was applied for quality appraisal.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEligible studies were those published since the establishment of the Scandinavian registers in 2004, which reported factors associated with additional ACL reconstruction and compared data from other registers.ResultsThirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and generally displayed good reporting quality. Adolescent age (<20 years) was the most common factor associated with additional ACL reconstruction. The choice of hamstring tendon graft compared with patella tendon, transportal femoral tunnel drilling, smaller graft diameter and utilisation of suspensory fixation devices were associated with additional ACL reconstruction. Concomitant cartilage injury decreased the likelihood of additional ACL reconstruction. Patient sex alone did not influence the likelihood. The demographics of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction in the Scandinavian registers are comparable to registers in other geographical settings. However, there are differences in surgical factors including the presence of intra-articular pathology and graft choice.SummaryThe studies published from the Scandinavian registers in general have a high reporting quality when regarded as cohort studies. Several factors are associated with undergoing additional ACL reconstruction. The results from the registers may help facilitate treatment decisions.