bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Attitude and Practice Regarding Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women in Rural Area of Lahore
Authors: Akhtar Shahnaz , Hussain Muhammad , Majeed Iram , Afzal Muhammad 
Published: September 2018

Background: Prenatal care is medical valuation of mother and fetus, for the duration of gestation used for getting best possible result for the mother and child. Early observation and ongoing care during pregnancy provided more favorable births compared to no prenatal observation. Methodology: The quantitative cross-sectional study design was used with convenient sampling (n=133) from community of Hussain Abad Lahore. Pregnant women between the ages of 20 to 45 years of age. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21 version and application of chi-square test (p=<0.05). Result: The respondents 69.1% (n=94) were identified that pregnant women require to go for their checkup. This study reveals that (n=31) 21.4% participants were agree, (n=98)71.1% participants were disagreed, (n=06)4.4% were neutral that they have Seek antenatal care regularly during pregnancy. 83.1% women believe that antenatal checkup is worthy to monitor mother & fetus’ well-being. Conclusion: 64.7% pregnant women response in yes regarding knowledge about antenatal care. The attitude was shown positive somewhere as 69.6% women were agree and as well as negative, also as 30.1% respondents were disagreed and therefore 61% participants have positive practices towards antenatal care. There was significant association between qualification and knowledge of expectant women about prenatal care, significant association in qualification and attitude and there was insignificant association in qualification and practices. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 155-162
Determination the Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Household Waste Disposal among People in Rural Community of Lahore
Authors: Shahzadi Ambrin , Hussain Muhammad , Afzal Muhammad , Gilani Syed Amir 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Waste disposal is one of the major environmental problems in all over the world. Improper waste disposal causes breeding and may cause infectious diseases like cholera, small pox, and plague, etc. The knowledge of waste disposal is necessary for health of people’s. various study reveal that about 90% of people disposal of waste in open places and use the method of land filling, so increase the problems for health of public and the environment. The study has been carried out for the current status of waste disposal. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in rural area and 100 household peoples were the population. The Data collected by pre- tested questionnaire and direct interviewing the people about their routine waste disposal. Results: Majority of respondents (72.0%) was aware about adverse effects of improper waste removal and (28.0%) Respondent was not aware.95.0% of people have good attitude about waste disposal. Regarding practices most of respondent (52.0%) had the poor practices towards waste disposal and 41.0% had satisfactory practices. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding waste disposal in the most of respondents was found good and in Minimum of respondents having satisfactory knowledge. In spite of good knowledge, the respondents having poor Practices regarding waste disposal due to lack of awareness, unavailability of public dustbins.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 219-224
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Blood Glucose Monitoring in Rural Area among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Shabnum Saima , Sarwar Hajra 
Published: September 2018

Background: Diabetes is main and growing health issue affecting more than 171 million peoples worldwide and the number is expected to rise to 366 million by 2030. Type 2 Diabetes will keep on accounting for 90% of all the cases. According to the WHO, Pakistan positioned seventh in pervasiveness of Diabetes. In 2011, the assessed pervasiveness of diabetes in Pakistan was generally in excess of 350 million and it is depended upon to be in excess of 550 million by year 2030. In Pakistan 9.5% of urban and 9.4% of the provincial population experience the bad effects of type 2 diabetes. Objective: The reason for this investigation was to survey learning, conduct in regards to blood glucose observing among diabetic in rural group, Lahore. Descriptive cross sectional investigation configuration was led to evaluate learning, disposition and routine with regards to blood glucose monitoring and a sample size of 100 participants was selected for this study through convenient sampling. Data was collected from the adult males and females of Husain Abad community. Result: The result show that there was low level of knowledge, somewhat positive attitudes but very low level of practices regarding the diabetic control and glucose monitoring among the participants. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is stated that this research study the knowledge of participants towards the diabetes was not good except the definition of diabetes. The attitude was comparatively positive and good for following different blood sugar controlling measures. The practices were very poor. No one was following regular exercises, dietary modifications etcetera.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 225-230
Konveksi Paksa Selama Pembekuan Paduan Al- Wt% Cu dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Segregasi
Authors: Virdhian Shinta 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAKMakrosegregasi adalah ketidakseragaman komposisi pada jarak yang dapat dibandingkan dengan ukuran produk,contohnya mm, cm bahkan meter.Ketidakseragaman komposisi ini akan berakibat menurunnya sifat mekanis dari hasil produk direct chill casting pada Aluminium ingot/billet. Pada paduan Al-4%Cu,macrosegregasi dimaksudkan ketidakseragaman komposisi Cu pada ingot/billet. Dalam penelitian ini, pompa screw yang dirancang khusus untuk memproduksi dan memodifikasi aliran dalam logam cair selama pembekuan paduan Al-4% Cu. Pompa screw digunakan unuk mempoduksi aliran konveksi paksa sejajar atau berlawanandengan konveksi alami dengan cara mengatur arah dan kecepatan putaran. Hasil analisa struktur mikro menunjukkan bentuk butiran yang equiaxed dendriticuntuk semua kasus dalam penelitian ini. Peningkatan intensitas dari konveksi paksa akan menurunkan ukuran butir secara kualitatif, walaupun secara kuantitatif tidakditemukan nilai perbedaan yang signifikan. Analisa makrosegregasi menunjukkan bahwa konveksi paksa searah dengan konveksi alami menyebabkan segregasi positif (presentase Cu yang lebih besar dari rata-rata) di bagian tengah dari bilet, peningkatan kecepatan lebih lanjut akan menyebabkan variasi komposisi menjadi lebih besardan makrosegragasi akan sulit untuk dikontrol.Konveksi paksa yang berlawanan dengan segregasi akan menekan konveksi alami sehingga dihasilkan variasi komposisi yang lebih kecil. Kata kunci: proses direct chill casting, makrosegregasi, konveksi paksa
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL FASILITASI BELAJAR DALAM MEMPERDAYAKAN MASYARAKAT PELAKU USAHA KECIL
Authors: Saepudin Asep 
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat pelaku usaha kecil yang berada pada sentraÂ usaha kerajinan Cibeusi di Kabupaten Sumedang, dengan fokus permasalahan bagaimana model fasilitasi belajar yang dapat memberdayakan kelompok pelaku usaha kecil dalam mengembangkan kemandirian usaha produktifnya?. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan program pemberdayaan pada masyarakat pelaku usaha kecil melalui model fasilitasi belajar. Model fasilitasi belajar dirumuskan berdasarkan dukungan teoritis yang mengkaji tentang: konsep pembelajaran, pemberdayaan dan usaha kecil. Disain penelitian menggunakan Research and Development, dengan metode studi kasus, deskriptif, dan uji eksperimen. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatifÂ dan kuantitatif, dengan sampel penelitian 30 orang diambil secara purposif. Temuan penelitian ini: (1) secara alamiah dalam menjalankan usahanya anggota kelompok dihadapkan pada keterbatasan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan, sehingga mereka membutuhkan fasilitasi belajar, (3) kegiatan model fasilitasi belajar adalah proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan penilaian pembelajaran, (4) uji coba model menunjukan hasil efektif, dengan indikator: pertama adanya keterlibatan aktif anggota kelompok. Kedua, data nilai pre-test dan post-tes menunjukkan angka signifikan. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah bahwa model fasilitasi belajar dipandang efektif dan berimplikasiÂ teoritis dan praktis.
STUDI KELAYAKAN PENDIRIAN RADIO EDUKASI
Authors: Innayah Innayah 
Published: September 2018

Radio edukasi adalah radio yang memanfaatkan dunia pembelajaran, dimana pola atau ruang lingkup pembelajaran ialah pendidikan formal, nonformal, yang meliputi pembelajaran. Dengan format radio pendidikan dan informasi (jauh berbeda dengan siaran-siaran radio lain yang cenderung lebih besar porsinya kepada siaran hiburan), radio pendidikan mampu menarik perhatian audiens yang haus akan informasi pendidikan. Media radio mempunyai sifat sosial dan pendengar yang heterogen. Maka untuk pendirian sebuah radio edukasi diperlukan legitimasi melalui studi kelayakan dengan mengadakan jajak pendapat pada masyarakat sekitar dengan radius 5 km dari lokasi Radio edukasi dengan mempertimbangkan sifat heterogenitas pendengar radio. Penelitian ini diadakan pada tanggal 7 - 9 Februari 2007 . Dengan tujuan mendapatkan data yang berupa pendapat, masukan maupun saran yang berkaitan dengan radio edukasi/ pendidikan. Kenyataan di lapangan, masyarakat menginginkan adanya radio pendidikanÂ dengan menampilkan acara yang menarik dan dikemas secara kreatif dengan konsep radio yang matang
ÖĞRETMENLERİN PROAKTİF DAVRANIŞ DÜZEYLERİ İLE BEŞ FAKTÖR KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Halıcı Karabatak Songül 
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin
proaktif davranışları ile beş faktör kişilik (BFK) özellikleri arasındaki
ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışma ilişkisel tarama modelinde
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, Elazığ il
merkezinde görev yapan öğretmenlerinde oransız eleman örnekleme yöntemi ile 224
öğretmenden toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanması sürecinde On-Maddeli Kişilik
Ölçeği ile Kısaltılmış Proaktivite Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi
için betimsel istatistiklerden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda öğretmenlerin dışa
dönüklük, yumuşak başlılık, duygusal dengelilik ve deneyime açıklık kişilik
özelliklerinin “Biraz Katılıyorum” düzeyinde iken, sorumluluk kişilik özelliği
ile proaktif davranışlar sergilemelerinin “Katılıyorum” düzeyinde olduğu ortaya
çıkmıştır. Öğretmenlerin proaktif davranış düzeyleri ile demografik
özelliklerden sadece eğitim durumu arasında anlamlı ve pozitif ilişki olduğu görülmüştür.
Öğretmenlerin proaktif davranış düzeyleri ile sorumluluk, dışadönüklük ve
deneyime açıklık özellikleri arasında orta düzeyde, yumuşak başlılık ve
duygusal dengelilik özellikleri arasında düşük düzeyde, anlamlı ve pozitif
yönde ilişkinin olduğu görülmüştür. Regresyon analizinin birinci adımında
eklenen eğitim durumu ve kıdem değişkenlerinin proaktif davranış üzerinde
anlamlı yordayıcı olduğu, fakat cinsiyet değişkeninin proaktif davranış
üzerinde anlamlı bir yordayıcı olmadığı görülmüştür. Analize
ikinci adımda eklenen BFK özelliklerinin hepsi birlikte öğretmenlerin proaktif
davranışlarını anlamlı düzeyde yordamıştır. Özellikle deneyime açıklık ve
dışadönüklük özelliklerinin öğretmenlerin proaktif davranış üzerinde anlamlı
yordayıcılar olduğu, ancak sorumluluk, yumuşak başlılık ve duygusal dengelilik
özelliklerinin anlamlı yordayıcılar olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın
sonunda öğretmenlerin proaktifliklerinin arttırılmasına yönelik çeşitli
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
REKLAM VE PAZARLAMA STRATEJİLERİ: BİR REKLAMDA OLMASI GEREKENLER
Authors: Kaya Ferzinde 
Published: September 2018

Reklamlar, satın alma davranışlarını şekillendiren en önemli pazarlama araçlarıdır. Pazarlama ise bir işletmenin faaliyet ya da faaliyetlerini kâra dönüştürme sürecidir. Değişen ve gelişen dünyada, bir faaliyet ya da üründen kâr elde etmek için pazarlama ve reklam gibi iki önemli kolun iyi yönetilmesi gerekmektedir. Reklamcılık ise etkili ve yaratıcı yöntemlerle kitleleri etkilemeyi hedefler. Reklamlar, ürüne veya hizmete ait özellikleri tanımlamakla beraber, ürünle tüketicinin ortak noktasını bulup ürünün alım ve tüketimini artırmayı amaçlar. Kısaca reklamcılık; ürüne veya hizmete simgesel bir anlam yükleyerek tüketiciyi satın almaya ikna etmektir. Bu ikna sürecinde kullanılan stratejiler bu çalışmanın konusudur. Ayrıca etkili bir pazarlama ve pazarlamanın, hedefleneni tutturması için izlenen stratejilere de bu çalışmada değinilmiştir. Tüm bu stratejiler örnek reklamlarla açıklanmıştır.
The Cow: Discovery of a Luminous, Hot, and Rapidly Evolving Transient
Authors: Prentice S. J. , Maguire K. , Smartt S. J. , Magee M. R. , Schady P. , Sim S. , Chen T.-W. , Clark P. , Colin C. , Fulton M. , McBrien O. , O’Neill D. , Smith K. W. , Ashall C. , Chambers K. C. , Denneau L. , Flewelling H. A. , Heinze A. , Holoien T. W.-S. , Huber M. E. , Kochanek C. S. , Mazzali P. A. , Prieto J. L. , Rest A. , Shappee B. J. , Stalder B. , Stanek K. Z. , Stritzinger M. D. , Thompson T. A. , Tonry J. L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present the ATLAS discovery and initial analysis of the first 18 days of the unusual transient event, ATLAS18qqn/AT2018cow. It is characterized by a high peak luminosity (∼1.7 × 1044 erg s−1), rapidly evolving light curves (>5 mag rise to peak in ∼3.5 days), and hot blackbody spectra, peaking at ∼27,000 K that are relatively featureless and unchanging over the first two weeks. The bolometric light curve cannot be powered by radioactive decay under realistic assumptions. The detection of high-energy emission may suggest a central engine as the powering source. Using a magnetar model, we estimated an ejected mass of 0.1–0.4 M

, which lies between that of low-energy core-collapse events and the kilonova, AT2017gfo. The spectra cooled rapidly from 27,000 to 15,000 K in just over two weeks but remained smooth and featureless. Broad and shallow emission lines appear after about 20 days, and we tentatively identify them as He i although they would be redshifted from their rest wavelengths. We rule out that there are any features in the spectra due to intermediate mass elements up to and including the Fe group. The presence of r-process elements cannot be ruled out. If these lines are due to He, then we suggest a low-mass star with residual He as a potential progenitor. Alternatively, models of magnetars formed in neutron star mergers, or accretion onto a central compact object, give plausible matches to the data.
Macular and Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Akkaya Serkan 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate and compare macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness and profiles of patients with keratoconus and age-matched controls and correlate subfoveal choroidal thickness with keratoconus severity.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study comprising 45 keratoconus patients and 56 healthy controls. Choroidal thicknesses at the fovea and at 750-μm intervals from the fovea to 1.5 mm in the nasal and temporal directions were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Peripapillary choroidal thickness was measured at six segments along the circle scan.

RESULTS:

Mean age did not differ between the patients with keratoconus and controls (24.5 ± 7.2 vs. 22.5 ± 7.4 years,
P
= .170). Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was higher in the keratoconus group (427.48 μm ± 78.51 μm) than in controls (351.03 μm ± 99.08 μm;
P
< .001). Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness did not differ between mild and severe keratoconus (437.82 ± 53.4 vs. 418.87 ± 113.9 μm;
P
= .660). In the macular area, choroidal thickness was lower at 1.5 mm nasal to the fovea (
P
< .0001) in both groups. The choroid was thinner at 0.75 mm temporal to the fovea than under the fovea in the keratoconus group (
P
< .001). The peripapillary choroid was thinner in the inferonasal and inferotemporal segments than in the other segments in both groups (
P
< .001). The peripapillary choroid was thinner in the inferonasal segment than in the inferotemporal segment in the keratoconus group (
P
= .018).

CONCLUSION:
Subfoveal choroidal thickening is observed in keratoconus eyes. The pathophysiological role of choroidal thickness variations should be considered in the natural history of keratoconus.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:664–673.]
Outer Retinal Defects Represent a Normal Recovery Pathway Following Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Macular Hole Surgery
Authors: Powers Matthew A. , Shields Ryan A. , Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Moshfeghi Darius M. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To examine perioperative factors associated with the development of outer retinal defects (ORDs) following surgical repair of macular holes (MHs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
An institutional review board-approved, retrospective, interventional cohort study was conducted. Patients who underwent MH repair during a 5-year period were identified. Statistical analysis was conducted to detect significant perioperative associations to ORD development.

RESULTS:

One hundred twenty-four eyes were included, and 54% developed an ORD following surgery. These defects correlated with lower preoperative stage (
P
= .0057), preoperative phakia (
P
= .036), and lack of prior macular surgery (
P
= .0016). Patients in the ORD group had significantly better preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (
P
= .031 and
P
= .0004, respectively), but there was no difference in change in acuity from preoperatively to 3 months postoperatively when compared with control patients (
P
= 42). The majority (89%) of ORDs resolved by 24 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSION:
The development of ORDs appears to be correlated with several factors indicative of favorable overall eye health and less advanced pathology and may represent a normal state of recovery after MH repair with internal limiting membrane peeling.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:e1–e8.]
Microalbuminuria Is Associated With Early Retinal Neurodegeneration in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Farias Lucas Brandolt , Lavinsky Daniel , Benfica Camila Zanella , Lavisnky Jacó , Canani Luis Henrique 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate retinal layer changes in patients with type 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria, and no diabetic retinopathy, and to investigate its possible relationship with age, gender, diabetes duration, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), glycosylated hemoglobin, and hypertension.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed in 60 patients divided into three groups: diabetic patients with normal UAE, diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, and controls. Retinal thickness was evaluated by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:

The average and sectoral macular thicknesses of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) were significantly thinner in the microalbuminuria group compared to normal UAE group and controls (
P
< .005). UAE was the only factor related to this reduction in a multiple linear regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
The GCL thickness was reduced in eyes in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria before clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy. Inner retinal neurodegeneration was independently associated with albuminuria.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:e36–e43.]
L’asile politique et l’Union européenne. Propositions pour sortir de l’impasse : Le volontariat avant la contrainte, et l’internationalisation si celle-ci est envisagée.
Authors: Weil Patrick , Auriel Pierre 
Published: September 2018

Aujourd’hui la régulation de l’asile politique dans l’Union européenne parait gérée par deux mécanismes qui provoquent la colère des uns puis celle des autres. Le risque aujourd’hui existe que sur l’asile, l’une de ses valeurs les plus fondamentales l’Union européenne se divise, se « démoralise » et éclate. Comment sortir de l’impasse ? Les auteurs esquissent des pistes de sortie de la crise actuelle.
IL-17A Attenuates IFN-λ Expression by Inducing Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Expression in Airway Epithelium
Authors: Niwa Mitsuru , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Mori Kazutaka , Yamanaka Katsumasa , Yasui Hideki , Suzuki Yuzo , Karayama Masato , Hozumi Hironao , Furuhashi Kazuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Suzuki Tetsuro , Maekawa Masato , Suda Takafumi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
IFN-λ is a cytokine expressed in epithelial tissues and plays a central role in antiviral mucosal immune response. The expression of IFN-λ in the airway is impaired in chronic airway diseases (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), which renders patients susceptible to viral infection. IL-17A is associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis; however, IL-17A regulation of IFN-λ expression remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to clarify IL-17A–mediated regulatory mechanisms of IFN-λ expression in human airway epithelial cells. In this study, we have shown that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) and influenza A virus (IAV) infection increased IFN-λ expression at mRNA and protein levels in primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas IL-17A attenuated polyI:C- or IAV-induced IFN-λ expression. IFN-λ receptor 1 knockdown and a JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, attenuated polyI:C-induced IFN-λ expression, confirming that a positive autocrine feedback loop, the IFN-λ receptor–JAK–STAT pathway, was involved in IFN-λ expression. In Western blotting analysis, we demonstrated that polyI:C and IAV infection induced STAT1 phosphorylation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas IL-17A suppressed polyI:C- or IAV-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that cotreatment with IL-17A and polyI:C or IAV infection synergistically increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 expression. SOCS1 small interfering RNA and SOCS3 small interfering RNA negated the inhibitory effect of IL-17A in polyI:C-induced IFN-λ expression by restoring attenuated STAT1 phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings indicate that IL-17A attenuates virus-induced IFN-λ expression by enhancing SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression to inhibit autocrine signaling loops in human airway epithelial cells.
La educación de los sordos de la exclusión a la inclusión
Authors: Gómez Gómez Mª Carmen 
Published: September 2018

<p>La educación de los alumnos sordos normalmente comienza a estudiarse desde Ponce de León en un monasterio de Burgos; pero hasta llegar a este momento las personas con pérdida auditiva o sordera han tenido momentos en la historia con más o menos aceptación. En las sociedades primitivas tanto podían estar protegidas como repudiadas, dependiendo si la sordera se consideraba un castigo o un don del dios titular. A lo largo del tiempo, la historia ha seguido generando épocas de más o menos aceptación para estar personas, pero sobre todo después de la edad media y pasado el siglo XVIII ha sido cuando más se ha avanzado hacia la integración y la inclusión.</p>