bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes With Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Patients With Heart Failure in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: von Lueder Thomas G. , Atar Dan , Agewall Stefan , Jensen Jesper K. , Hopper Ingrid , Kotecha Dipak , Mentz Robert J. , Kim Moo Hyun , Serebruany Victor L. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Many patients with heart failure (HF) are treated with warfarin or non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Randomized outcome-driven comparisons of different anticoagulant strategies in HF are lacking. Data from international, government-mandated registries may be useful in understanding the real-life use of various anticoagulants and how they are linked to outcomes.

Study Question:
To assess 2015 annual all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke rates co-reported for warfarin and NOACs in subjects with and without HF in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Study Design:
We extracted and examined outcome cases in subjects with HF and on warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban and stratified these according to anticoagulants.

Measures and Outcomes:
Annual all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in FAERS.

Analysis Method:
Odds ratio (OR) and χ2

JOURNAL/ajthe/04.03/00045391-201912000-00001/inline-formula1/v/2023-09-17T022715Z/r/image-tiff

for oral anticoagulants from FAERS with and without HF among complete primary reports issued in 2015.

Results:
FAERS reported 137,026 HF cases, with death co-reported in 42,942 (31.3%). In total, 11,278 (8.2%) HF patients were treated with anticoagulants, with more prescribed warfarin (n = 8260) than all NOACs combined (n = 3018). Very few reports for edoxaban were available. Warfarin consistently displayed a signal for excess adverse events compared to NOACs: OR (95% confidence interval) for the composite of mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke were 1.91 (1.76–2.07) versus apixaban, 1.92 (1.81–2.03) versus dabigatran, 4.09 (3.38–4.37) versus rivaroxaban, and 2.64 (2.53–2.76) versus all NOACs combined (all P < 0.001). Warfarin, compared to all NOACs combined, demonstrated higher rates of all-cause mortality [OR = 2.69 (95% confidence interval, 2.49–2.90)], myocardial infarction [5.30 (4.17–6.74)], stroke [OR = 8.85 (6.61–11.84)], and ischemic stroke [OR = 12.73 (8.87–18.27); all P < 0.001].

Conclusions:
Annual 2015 FAERS profiles in HF patients reveal that warfarin was numerically dominant. Warfarin was associated with higher risk of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke compared to NOACs. These observational data provide real-world insight into a potential safety benefit of NOACs over warfarin in the setting of HF.
High-density lipoprotein: our elusive friend
Authors: Asztalos Bela F. , Niisuke Katrin , Horvath Katalin V. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
Despite advances in the research on HDL composition (lipidomics and proteomics) and functions (cholesterol efflux and antioxidative capacities), the relationship between HDL compositional and functional properties is not fully understood. We have reviewed the recent literature on this topic and pointed out the difficulties which limit our understanding of HDL's role in cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Recent findings
Though current findings strongly support that HDL has a significant role in CVD, the underlying mechanisms by which HDL mitigates CVD risk are not clear. This review focuses on studies that investigate the cell-cholesterol efflux capacity and the proteomic and lipidomic characterization of HDL and its subfractions especially those that analyzed the relationship between HDL composition and functions.

Summary
Recent studies on HDL composition and HDL functions have greatly contributed to our understanding of HDL's role in CVD. A major problem in HDL research is the lack of standardization of both the HDL isolation and HDL functionality methods. Data generated by different methods often produce discordant results on the particle number, size, lipid and protein composition, and the various functions of HDL.
Management of pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Germain-Lee Emily L. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
This review is timely given the 2018 publication of the first international Consensus Statement for the diagnosis and management of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and related disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide the knowledge needed to recognize and manage PHP1A, pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) and PHP1B – the most common of the subtypes – with an overview of the entire spectrum and to provide a concise summary of management for clinical use. This review will draw from recent literature as well as personal experience in evaluating hundreds of children and adults with PHP.

Recent findings
Progress is continually being made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the PHP spectrum. Every year, through clinical and laboratory studies, the phenotypes are elucidated in more detail, as are clinical issues such as short stature, brachydactyly, subcutaneous ossifications, cognitive/behavioural impairments, obesity and metabolic disturbances. Headed by a European PHP consortium, experts worldwide published the first international Consensus that provides detailed guidance in a systematic manner and will lead to exponential progress in understanding and managing these disorders.

Summary
As more knowledge is gained from clinical and laboratory investigations, the mechanisms underlying the abnormalities associated with PHP are being uncovered as are improvements in management.
The future of HIV Organ Policy Equity Act is now: the state of HIV+ to HIV+ kidney transplantation in the United States
Authors: Boyarsky Brian J. , Bowring Mary Grace , Shaffer Ashton A. , Segev Dorry L. , Durand Christine M. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
We report the current state of HIV+ to HIV+ kidney transplantation in the United States and remaining challenges in implementing this practice nationally.

Recent findings
The HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act, which was the first step in unlocking the potential of HIV+ organ donors, mandates clinical research on HIV+ to HIV+ transplantation. As of March 2019, there have been 57 HOPE donors, including both true and false positive HOPE donors resulting in more than 120 transplants.

Summary
The HOPE Act, signed in 2013, reversed the federal ban on the transplantation of organs from HIV+ donors into HIV+ recipients. Ongoing national studies are exploring the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of both kidney and liver transplantation in this population. If successfully and fully implemented, HIV+ to HIV+ transplantation could attenuate the organ shortage for everyone waiting, resulting in a far-reaching public health impact.
Novel therapeutic strategies for renal graft preservation and their potential impact on the future of clinical transplantation
Authors: Juriasingani Smriti , Akbari Masoud , Luke Patrick , Sener Alp 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
The current review aims to examine recent evidence about improvements, therapeutics and novel approaches for renal graft preservation along with presenting a pragmatic outlook on their potential for clinical translation.

Recent findings
Modifying established cold preservation methods (4 °C) with oxygenation, gene therapies and gasotransmitters such as hydrogen sulfide has been shown to improve renal graft outcomes with minimum modifications to current protocols. These strategies have also shown promise in the context of normothermic preservation (34–37 °C), which circumvents the damage caused by cold preservation. Although normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is being evaluated in clinical trials, it is limited by high cost, the use of blood and the lack of standardized protocols. Recent studies confirmed that preservation at subnormothermic temperatures (∼20 °C) is effective with approved preservation solutions and, in conjunction with exogenous hydrogen sulfide therapy, this approach may expedite a static preservation alternative to NMP.

Summary
Progress has been made in investigating improvements and alternatives to cold preservation. Promising therapeutic strategies have also been studied in the context of cold, subnormothermic and normothermic preservation. Further research is needed to optimize clinical renal graft preservation.
Factors That Influence Home Care Case Managers' Work and Workload
Authors: Fraser Kimberly , Baird Lisa Garland , Laing Daley , Lai Jonathan , Punjani Neelam Saleem 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Home care services are increasing across Canada and in other developed nations. There has been increased pressure on home care programs to not only accept more clients more rapidly but also work more efficiently. Case management is an approach through which clients access and receive home care. With both rising numbers of clients and growing complexity among them, case managers' work and workload are also increasing. The demands on case managers and expansion in caseloads are happening without an increase in resources or funding. With case manager work increasing steadily, an understanding of the factors that influence their work and workload is vital.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore what factors influence case managers' work and workload.

Methods:
This study used an ethnographic approach. It took place in Alberta, Canada, in 3 home care offices in urban and suburban geographic areas. Purposive sampling was used, and participants included 28 home care case managers with predominantly long-term clients (>3 months on home care), 3 site managers, and 1 project lead. Data collection methods included semistructured interviews, nonparticipant observation, participant journaling, and focus groups.

Results:
Case manager works were portrayed in 2 key ways: the number and type of tasks a case manager was required to complete and the amount of time and energy needed to complete a task. The factors that influence case manager work and workload fall into 3 overarching categories: structural, operational, or individual factors.

Discussion:
The 3 overarching categories, as well as interactions between various factors, contribute to what is known about case managers' work and workload. Participants found it difficult to discuss the factors in isolation because the interaction and “messiness” of the factors were inherent in their actions and stories about their work and workload. Workload includes not only the easily captured work such as direct care and specific activities such as assessment but also diverse forms of invisible work such as problem solving, rapport building, and caseload management, as well as emotional work such as coping, stress management, and team support.

Implications for Case Management:
Case managers' work and workload in home care are important phenomena. In a climate of budgetary restraint and an aging population, which seemingly prefer home care as much as the system desires to provide it as a main option for care, it is important to capture, recognize, and legitimize an understanding of case managers' work and workload. Increased knowledge in this area could, in turn, transforms both home care and case management.
Changes in Patient Visits After the Implementation of Insurance Billing at a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic in a Medicaid Expansion State
Authors: Jin Harry , Marshall Brandon D.L. , Raifman Julia , Montgomery Madeline , Maynard Michaela A. , Chan Philip A. 
Published: May 2019

Background
Medicaid expansion has led to unique opportunities for sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics to improve the sustainability of services by billing insurance. We evaluated changes in patient visits after the implementation of insurance billing at a STD clinic in a Medicaid expansion state.

Methods
The Rhode Island STD Clinic offered HIV/STD screening services at no cost to patients until October 2016, when insurance billing was implemented. Care for uninsured patients was still provided for free. We compared the clinic visits in the preinsurance period with the postinsurance period using t-tests, Poisson regressions, and a logistic regression.

Results
A total of 5560 patients were seen during the preinsurance (n = 2555) and postinsurance (n = 3005) periods. Compared with the preinsurance period, the postinsurance period had a significantly higher average number of patient visits/month (212.9 vs. 250.4, P = 0.0016), including among patients who were black (36.8 vs. 50.3, P = 0.0029), Hispanic/Latino (50.8 vs. 65.8, P = 0.0018), and insured (106.3 vs. 130.1, P = 0.0025). The growth rate of uninsured (+0.10 vs. +4.11, P = 0.0026) and new patients (−4.28 vs. +1.07, P = 0.0007) also increased between the two periods. New patients whose first visit was before the billing change had greater odds (adjusted odds ratio, 2.68, 95% confidence interval, 2.09–3.44; P < 0.0001) of returning compared with new patients whose first visit was after the billing change.

Conclusions
Implementation of insurance billing at a publicly funded STD clinic, with free services provided to uninsured individuals, was associated with a modest increase in patient visits and a decline in patients returning for second visits.
The role of psychological support interventions in trauma patients on mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pham Christopher H. , Fang Mike , Nager Jacqueline , Matsushima Kazuhide , Inaba Kenji , Kuza Catherine M. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND
The recovery and rehabilitation of trauma survivors may be long and challenging. Patients may be prone to psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairments, and decreased quality of life. The objective of this review was to determine whether there is a role for psychological interventions in reducing the incidence and severity of psychiatric sequelae in trauma survivors.

METHODS
MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles. We searched for articles published between 1990 and 2018 with adult subjects, and limited our search to articles published in English. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated various psychiatric interventions in trauma patients on the effects of psychiatric outcomes were included for analysis. The articles were independently reviewed for eligibility by two different reviewers. A meta-analysis was performed on nine studies with similar interventions, outcomes measured, and patient populations.

RESULTS
Nine hundred thirty-four articles were identified [830 articles identified through database search, and 107 through article references]. Sixty-nine full-text articles were reviewed for eligibility. Of these, 33 were included for qualitative analysis. Thirteen studies evaluating the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions on the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms underwent meta-analysis. While CBT-treated patients experienced clinically significant decreases in symptom severity, there were no statistically significant differences between treatment and control groups at follow-up for PTSD, anxiety, and depression.

CONCLUSION
Compared with usual care, CBT-based interventions may not be effective in decreasing or preventing PTSD, anxiety, or depression symptoms in trauma survivors.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic Review, level III.
Sympatric and allopatric differentiation delineates population structure in free-living terrestrial bacteria
Authors: Chase Alexander B. , Arevalo Philip , Brodie Eoin L. , Polz Martin F. , Karaoz Ulas , Martiny Jennifer B.H. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn free-living bacteria and archaea, the equivalent of the biological species concept does not exist, creating several barriers to the study of the processes contributing to microbial diversification. As such, microorganisms are often operationally defined using conserved marker genes (i.e., 16S rRNA gene) or whole-genome measurements (i.e., ANI) to interpret intra-specific processes. However, as in eukaryotes, investigations into microbial populations must consider the potential for interacting genotypes among individuals that are subjected to similar environmental selective pressures. Therefore, we isolated 26 strains within a single bacterial ecotype (equivalent to a eukaryotic species definition) from a common habitat (leaf litter) across a regional climate gradient and asked whether the genetic diversity in a free-living soil bacterium (Curtobacterium) was consistent with patterns of allopatric or sympatric differentiation. By examining patterns of gene flow, our results indicate that microbial populations are delineated by gene flow discontinuities and exhibit evidence for population-specific adaptation. We conclude that the genetic structure within this bacterium is due to both adaptation within localized microenvironments (isolation-by-environment) as well as dispersal limitation between geographic locations (isolation-by-distance).
Repetitive subconcussive head impacts and changes in sensory processing for balance control
Authors: Caccese Jaclyn B. , Santos Fernando V. , Anson Eric , Buckley Thomas A. , Yamaguchi Felipe , Gongora Mariana , Jeka John J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive subconcussive head impacts (RHI) may be associated with current and future detrimental neurological effects. However, the effects of RHI on sensory processing for balance control is unknown and may have significant clinical implications if athletes are still participating in sport despite impairments.Research QuestionAre there changes in sensory processing for balance control during standing and walking following RHI?MethodsThirty healthy, adult, amateur soccer players (15 males, 15 females, 21.8±2.8 years, 69.9±11.5 kg, 171.4±8.2 cm) volunteered for the standing balance assessment (i.e., experiment 1). A distinct cohort of twenty healthy, adult, amateur soccer players (10 males, 10 females, 22.3±4.5 years, 70.0±10.5 kg, 170.5±9.8 cm) volunteered for the walking balance assessment (i.e., experiment 2). We used a repeated measures design across three time points (pre-heading, 0-hours post-heading, 24-hours post-heading). Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (i.e., performed 10 soccer headers in 10 minutes) or a control group (i.e., did not perform any soccer heading between sessions). In experiment 1, participants stood in a virtual reality cave while experiencing simultaneous perturbations to their visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. In experiment 2, participants walked blindfolded along a foam walkway and experienced a vestibular perturbation on the second heel strike of the right foot. Changes in sensory processing were assessed using repeated measures ANOVAs.ResultsThere were no changes in sensory reweighting during experiment 1 and no changes in balance responses to the vestibular stimulus in experiment 2.SignificanceAlthough the cumulative effects of RHI may result in later-life cognitive, behavioral, and mood impairments, a single episode of repeated soccer headers does not appear to be associated with acute impairments in sensory processing for balance control.
Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Long-Term Depression at CA3-CA1 Synapses Can be Induced via Accumulation of Endogenous Norepinephrine and is Preserved Following Noradrenergic Denervation
Authors: Dyer-Reaves Katie , Goodman Anthoni M. , Nelson Amy R. , McMahon Lori L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLocus coeruleus (LC) provides the sole source of noradrenergic (NA) innervation to hippocampus, and it undergoes significant degeneration early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Norepinephrine (NE) modulates synaptic transmission and plasticity at hippocampal synapses which likely contributes to hippocampus dependent learning and memory. We previously reported that pharmacological activation of α1 adrenergic receptors (α1ARs) induces long-term depression (LTD) at CA3-CA1 synapses. Here we investigated whether accumulation of endogenous NE via pharmacological blockade of NE transporters (NET) and the NE degradative enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO), can induce α1AR LTD, as these inhibitors are used clinically. Further, we sought to determine how degeneration of hippocampal NA innervation, as occurs in AD, impacts α1AR function and α1AR LTD. Bath application of NET and MAO inhibitors in slices from control rats reliably induced α1AR LTD when β adrenergic receptors were inhibited. To induce degeneration of LC-NA innervation, rats were treated with the specific NA neurotoxin DSP-4 and recordings performed 1-3 weeks later when NA axon degeneration had stabilized. Even with 85% loss of hippocampal NA innervation, α1AR LTD was successfully induced using either the α1AR agonist phenylephrine or the combined NET and MAO inhibitors, and importantly, the LTD magnitude was not different from saline-treated control. These data suggest that despite significant decreases in NA input to hippocampus, the mechanisms necessary for the induction of α1AR LTD remain functional. Furthermore, we posit that α1AR activation could be a viable therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in AD and other diseases involving malfunctions of NA neurotransmission.
JARID2 facilitates transcriptional reprogramming in glioblastoma in response to standard treatment
Authors: Rippaus Nora , F-Bruns Alexander , Tanner Georgette , Taylor Claire , Droop Alastair , Brüning-Richardson Anke , Care Matthew A. , Wilkinson Joseph , Jenkinson Michael D. , Brodbelt Andrew , Chakrabarty Aruna , Ismail Azzam , Short Susan , Stead Lucy F. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal and incurable brain cancer with a dismal prognosis. In order to impact on this disease, we need to understand how infiltrating, non resectable tumour cells resist chemoradiation and facilitate disease recurrence. To this end, we generated or acquired bulk tumour RNA sequencing data from 45 paired primary and locally recurrent GBM tumours (split into original and validation cohorts) from patients that received standard treatment. We also generated DNA methylation profiles for 9 pairs and sequenced RNA from single cells isolated from a patient derived GBM spheroid model at different timepoints following in vitro chemoradiation.ResultsWe have identified a set of genes with Jumonji and AT-Rich Interacting Domain 2 (JARID2) binding sites in their promoters that are universally dysregulated in post-standard treatment recurrent GBMs compared to the primary tumour. The direction of dysregulation is patient-dependent and not associated with differential promoter DNA methylation. Our in vitro experiments suggest that this dysregulation occurs dynamically following treatment as opposed to resulting from selection of cells with specific expression profiles.ConclusionJARID2 is an accessory protein to a chromatin remodeling complex, responsible for histone modifications observed during cell state transitions in both normal brain and GBM. We propose that JARID2 facilitates GBM recurrence following treatment by indirect transcriptional reprogramming of surviving cells in whichever manner is needed to reproduce the phenotypic heterogeneity required for tumour regrowth in vivo. The mechanism of this reprogramming may present a therapeutic vulnerability for more effective treatment of GBM.