bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early postnatal cranial vault reduction and fixation surgery for severe hydrocephalic macrocephaly
Authors: Iyer Rajiv R. , Carey Carolyn M. , Rottgers S. Alex , Tetreault Lisa , Shimony Nir , Katzenstein Jennifer , Ruas Ernesto , Tuite Gerald F. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEInfants with severe hydrocephalus and extreme macrocephaly typically undergo CSF diversion early in life, which can result in significant cranial deformity due to CSF overdrainage. In this scenario, overlap of the cranial plates can precede the development of secondary synostosis and/or severe, permanent cranial deformity. As a result, extensive cranial vault remodeling is sometimes undertaken later in life, which is often challenging and has been associated with mortality and a high morbidity rate. The authors have previously described a technique for early postnatal cranial vault reduction and fixation (CVRF), in which the calvarial bones are stabilized using absorbable fixation plates in the neonatal period, in an attempt to facilitate patient positioning, simplify hydrocephalus management, and improve cosmesis. Here, the authors describe their institutional experience managing patients with extreme neonatal hydrocephalus with CSF diversion, with and without CVRF, over the past 12 years.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of infants with extreme hydrocephalus (head circumference > 49 cm) treated at their children’s hospital with ventriculoperitoneal shunting, with or without CVRF, between 2005 and 2017. Data collected included age, sex, etiology of hydrocephalus, type of CVRF performed (anterior, posterior, or combined), follow-up duration, orbitofrontal circumference, craniometric measurements, intraoperative blood loss, operative duration, and postoperative complications. Developmental data were collected using the third edition of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Photographic imaging was used to demonstrate esthetic outcomes, and family questionnaires were used to evaluate satisfaction with the esthetic outcome.RESULTSEleven patients with extreme neonatal hydrocephalus underwent CSF shunting; 5 underwent shunting alone and 6 patients underwent shunting and CVRF. For patients who underwent shunting and CVRF, the median age at CVRF was 6 days and the median interval between shunt placement and CVRF was 2.5 days. The mean extent of calvarial vault volume reduction was 44.5% (± 3.9%). The mean duration of the CVRF procedure was 108 minutes, and 5 of 6 patients required intraoperative transfusion. Of the 5 patients who underwent shunting alone, 3 developed severe cranial deformities. Of 6 patients who underwent shunting and CVRF, 1 had a poor cosmetic outcome. In the shunting-alone group, 2 patients died and 1 required extensive cranial vault correction at 10 years of age. One patient in the shunting and CVRF group also died.CONCLUSIONSCVRF in combination with CSF shunting in the neonatal period can simplify the treatment of the rare case of severe hydrocephalic macrocephaly and leads to cosmetic outcomes that are considered good by their families.
MynxGrip vascular closure device use in pediatric neurointerventional procedures
Authors: Shokuhfar Tahaamin , Hurley Michael C. , Al-Smadi Anas , Ansari Sameer A. , Potts Matthew B. , Jahromi Babak S. , Alden Tord D. , Shaibani Ali 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this paper was assess the efficacy and safety of using the MynxGrip arterial closure device in pediatric neuroendovascular procedures where the use of closure devices remains off-label despite their validation and widespread use in adults.METHODSA retrospective review of all pediatric patients who underwent diagnostic or interventional neuroendovascular procedures at the authors’ institution was performed. MynxGrip use was predicated by an adequate depth of subcutaneous tissue and common femoral artery (CFA) diameter. Patients remained on supine bedrest for 2 hours after diagnostic procedures and for 3 hours after therapeutic procedures. Patient demographics, procedural details, hemostasis status, and complications were recorded.RESULTSOver 36 months, 83 MynxGrip devices were deployed in 53 patients (23 male and 30 female patients; mean age 14 years) who underwent neuroendovascular procedures. The right-side CFA was the main point of access for most procedures. The mean CFA diameter was 6.24 mm and ranged from 4 mm to 8.5 mm. Diagnostic angiography comprised 46% of the procedures. A single device failure occurred without any sequelae; the device was extracted, and hemostasis was achieved by manual compression with the placement of a Safeguard compression device. No other immediate or delayed major complications were recorded.CONCLUSIONSMynxGrip can be used safely in the pediatric population for effective hemostasis and has the advantage of earlier mobilization.
Pterional versus superciliary keyhole approach: direct comparison of approach-related complaints and satisfaction in the same patient
Authors: Park Jaechan , Son Wonsoo , Kwak Youngseok , Ohk Boram 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the level of patient satisfaction and approach-related patient complaints between a superciliary keyhole approach and a pterional approach.METHODSPatients who underwent an ipsilateral superciliary keyhole approach and a contralateral pterional approach for bilateral intracranial aneurysms during an 11-year period were contacted and asked to complete a patient satisfaction questionnaire. The questionnaire covered 5 complaint areas related to the surgical approaches: craniotomy-related pain, sensory symptoms in the head, cosmetic complaints, palpable cranial irregularities, and limited mouth opening. The patients were asked to rate the 5 complaint areas on a scale from 0 (asymptomatic or very pleasant) to 4 (severely symptomatic or very unpleasant). Finally, the patients were asked to rate the level of overall satisfaction related to each surgical procedure on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (most unsatisfactory) to 100 (most satisfactory).RESULTSA total of 21 patients completed the patient satisfaction questionnaire during a follow-up clinic visit. For the superciliary procedures, no craniotomy-related pain, palpable irregularities, or limited mouth opening was reported, and only minor sensory symptoms (numbness in the forehead) and cosmetic complaints (short linear operative scar) were reported (score = 1) by 1 (4.8%) and 3 patients (14.3%), respectively. Compared with the pterional approach, the superciliary approach showed better outcomes regarding the incidence of craniotomy-related pain, cosmetic complaints, and palpable irregularities, with a significant between-approach difference (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the VAS score for patient satisfaction was significantly higher for the superciliary approach (mean 95.2 ± 6.0 [SD], range 80–100) than for the pterional approach (mean 71.4 ± 10.6, range 50–90). Moreover, for the pterional approach, a multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the crucial factors decreasing the level of patient satisfaction were cosmetic complaints, craniotomy-related pain, and sensory symptoms, in order of importance (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSIn successful cases in which the primary surgical goal of complete aneurysm clipping without postoperative complications is achieved, a superciliary keyhole approach provides a much higher level of patient satisfaction than a pterional approach, despite a facial wound. For a pterional approach, the patient satisfaction level is affected by the cosmetic results, craniotomy-related pain, and numbness behind the hairline, in order of importance.
Fifty shades of gradients: does the pressure gradient in venous sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension matter? A systematic review
Authors: McDougall Cameron M. , Ban Vin Shen , Beecher Jeffrey , Pride Lee , Welch Babu G. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEThe role of venous sinus stenting (VSS) for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is not well understood. The aim of this systematic review is to attempt to identify subsets of patients with IIH who will benefit from VSS based on the pressure gradients of their venous sinus stenosis.METHODSMEDLINE/PubMed was searched for studies reporting venous pressure gradients across the stenotic segment of the venous sinus, pre- and post-stent pressure gradients, and clinical outcomes after VSS. Findings are reported according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.RESULTSFrom 32 eligible studies, a total of 186 patients were included in the analysis. Patients who had favorable outcomes had higher mean pressure gradients (22.8 ± 11.5 mm Hg vs 17.4 ± 8.0 mm Hg, p = 0.033) and higher changes in pressure gradients after stent placement (19.4 ± 10.0 mm Hg vs 12.0 ± 6.0 mm Hg, p = 0.006) compared with those with unfavorable outcomes. The post-stent pressure gradients between the 2 groups were not significantly different (2.8 ± 4.0 mm Hg vs 2.7 ± 2.0 mm Hg, p = 0.934). In a multivariate stepwise logistic regression controlling for age, sex, body mass index, CSF opening pressure, pre-stent pressure gradient, and post-stent pressure gradient, the change in pressure gradient with stent placement was found to be an independent predictor of favorable outcome (p = 0.028). Using a pressure gradient of 21 as a cutoff, 81/86 (94.2%) of patients with a gradient > 21 achieved favorable outcomes, compared with 82/100 (82.0%) of patients with a gradient ≤ 21 (p = 0.022).CONCLUSIONSThere appears to be a relationship between the pressure gradient of venous sinus stenosis and the success of VSS in IIH. A randomized controlled trial would help elucidate this relationship and potentially guide patient selection.
Invasivität der Douglasie in Südwestdeutschland: Waldinventurdaten erlauben eine Einschätzung
Authors: Bindewald Anja , Michiels Hans-Gerhard 
Published: March 2018

Invasiveness of Douglas fir in south-western Germany: an assessment based on forest inventory data
Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) is the most significant tree species of non-native origin in south-western Germany from a commercial point of view. Its importance is expected to increase in the effort to adapt forests to climate change because Douglas fir is considered to be more drought-resistant than, for instance, Norway spruce. Currently, the use of Douglas fir in silviculture and the assessment of its invasiveness are controversially discussed between representatives of nature conservation and forestry. Evidence-based evaluations of the current extent of the establishment and spread of the tree species provide an improved basis for the assessment of invasiveness, as they add objective facts to the discussion and increase the transparency of the process. In this article, we analyze the natural regeneration of Douglas fir in different forest types in the State of Baden-Wurttemberg (south-western Germany) with the help of three systematically collected inventory datasets. The existing natural regeneration serves as a measure for the successful establishment and spread of the species and provides information on its potential invasiveness, i.e. presumable negative impacts on native species and ecosystems. According to the inventory data, the natural regeneration of Douglas fir occurs at a low level (on only 0.3% of the forest surface in Baden-Wurttemberg). However, it naturally regenerates in special protected rare forest habitats, especially on open rocky sites and bolder fields and in sessile oak forest communities on dry sites with acidic soils and mixed broadleaved forests dominated by sycamore. Here, negative impacts might be possible. Thus the species can be considered potentially invasive in these specific conditions. Since Douglas fir natural regeneration was only reported on a proportion of 0.2% of the whole area of monitored protected forest habitats, it should still be possible to successfully eradicate this tree species from these habitats. Data on natural regeneration across a range of different forest types provide an improved basis for the assessment of invasiveness, and thus for identification of appropriate management approaches, such as designating buffer zones around valuable protected habitats.
Induction of Amyloid-β42 Production by Fipronil and Other Pyrazole Insecticides
Authors: Cam Morgane , Durieu Emilie , Bodin Marion , Manousopoulou Antigoni , Koslowski Svenja , Vasylieva Natalia , Barnych Bogdan , Hammock Bruce D. , Bohl Bettina , Koch Philipp , Omori Chiori , Yamamoto Kazuo , Hata Saori , Suzuki Toshiharu , Karg Frank , Gizzi Patrick , Erakovic Haber Vesna , Bencetic Mihaljevic Vlatka , Tavcar Branka , Portelius Erik , Pannee Josef , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Garbis Spiros D. , Auvray Pierrick , Gerber Hermeto , Fraering Jeremy , Fraering Patrick C. , Meijer Laurent 
Published: March 2018

Generation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβs) by proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), especially increased production of Aβ42/Aβ43 over Aβ40, and their aggregation as oligomers and plaques, represent a characteristic feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In familial AD (FAD), altered Aβ production originates from specific mutations of AβPP or presenilins 1/2 (PS1/PS2), the catalytic subunits of γ-secretase. In sporadic AD, the origin of altered production of Aβs remains unknown. We hypothesize that the ‘human chemical exposome’ contains products able to favor the production of Aβ42/Aβ43 over Aβ40 and shorter Aβs. To detect such products, we screened a library of 3500 + compounds in a cell-based assay for enhanced Aβ42/Aβ43 production. Nine pyrazole insecticides were found to induce a β- and γ-secretase-dependent, 3-10-fold increase in the production of extracellular Aβ42 in various cell lines and neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from healthy and FAD patients. Immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry analyses showed increased production of Aβs cleaved at positions 42/43, and reduced production of peptides cleaved at positions 38 and shorter. Strongly supporting a direct effect on γ-secretase activity, pyrazoles shifted the cleavage pattern of another γ-secretase substrate, alcadeinα, and shifted the cleavage of AβPP by highly purified γ-secretase toward Aβ42/Aβ43. Focusing on fipronil, we showed that some of its metabolites, in particular the persistent fipronil sulfone, also favor the production of Aβ42/Aβ43 in both cell-based and cell-free systems. Fipronil administered orally to mice and rats is known to be metabolized rapidly, mostly to fipronil sulfone, which stably accumulates in adipose tissue and brain. In conclusion, several widely used pyrazole insecticides enhance the production of toxic, aggregation prone Aβ42/Aβ43 peptides, suggesting the possible existence of environmental “Alzheimerogens” which may contribute to the initiation and propagation of the amyloidogenic process in sporadic AD.
Innovative Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on the Hidden Disease Biomarkers
Authors: Ghidoni Roberta , Squitti Rosanna , Siotto Mariacristina , Benussi Luisa 
Published: March 2018

The criteria for the clinical diagnosis of AD include the analysis of biomarkers of the underlying brain disease pathology; a set of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42), total-tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), are available and their performance in a clinical setting has been assessed in several studies. Thus, in dementia research, great advances have been made in the discovery of putative biomarkers; however, disappointingly, few of them have been translated into clinically applicable assays. To find biomarkers able to reliably detect AD pathology already at prodromal stages and in blood is even more important. Recent technical breakthroughs have provided ultrasensitive methods that allow the detection of brain-specific proteins in blood. In the present review, we will focus on the usefulness of ultrasensitive technologies for biomarker discovery and trace elements detection; moreover, we will review studies on circulating nano-compartments, a promising novel source of material for molecular diagnostics.
The Metal-poor non-Sagittarius (?) Globular Cluster NGC 5053: Orbit and Mg, Al, and Si Abundances
Authors: Tang Baitian , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Geisler Doug , Zamora Olga , Mészáros Szabolcs , Masseron Thomas , Cohen Roger E. , García-Hernández D. A. , Dell’Agli Flavia , Beers Timothy C. , Schiavon Ricardo P. , Sohn Sangmo Tony , Hasselquist Sten , Robin Annie C. , Shetrone Matthew , Majewski Steven R. , Villanova Sandro , Ulloa Jose Schiappacasse , Lane Richard R. , Minnti Dante , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Almeida Andres , Moreno E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Metal-poor globular clusters (GCs) exhibit intriguing Al–Mg anti-correlations and possible Si–Al correlations, which are important clues to decipher the multiple-population phenomenon. NGC 5053 is one of the most metal-poor GCs in the nearby universe and has been suggested to be associated with the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy, due to its similarity in location and radial velocity with one of the Sgr arms. In this work, we simulate the orbit of NGC 5053, and argue against a physical connection between Sgr and NGC 5053. On the other hand, the Mg, Al, and Si spectral lines, which are difficult to detect in the optical spectra of NGC 5053 stars, have been detected in the near-infrared APOGEE spectra. We use three different sets of stellar parameters and codes to derive the Mg, Al, and Si abundances. Regardless of which method is adopted, we see a large Al variation, and a substantial Si spread. Along with NGC 5053, metal-poor GCs exhibit different Mg, Al, and Si variations. Moreover, NGC 5053 has the lowest cluster mass among the GCs that have been identified to exhibit an observable Si spread until now.
Exploring the Properties of Choked Gamma-ray Bursts with IceCube’s High-energy Neutrinos
Authors: Denton Peter B. , Tamborra Irene 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have often been considered the natural evolution of some core-collapse supernova (CCSN) progenitors. However, the fraction of CCSNe linked to astrophysical jets and their properties are still poorly constrained. While any successful astrophysical jet harbored in a CCSN should produce high-energy neutrinos, photons may be able to successfully escape the stellar envelope only for a fraction of progenitors, possibly leading to the existence of high-luminosity, low-luminosity, and not-electromagnetically bright (“choked”) GRBs. By postulating a CCSN–GRB connection, we accurately model the jet physics within the internal-shock GRB model and assume scaling relations for the GRB parameters that depend on the Lorentz boost factor Γ. The IceCube high-energy neutrino flux is then employed as an upper limit of the neutrino background from electromagnetically bright and choked GRBs to constrain the jet and the progenitor properties. The current IceCube data set is compatible with up to 1% of all CCSNe harboring astrophysical jets. Interestingly, those jets are predominantly choked. Our findings suggest that neutrinos can be powerful probes of the burst physics and can provide major insights on the CCSN–GRB connection.
Accuracy of Estimating Highly Eccentric Binary Black Hole Parameters with Gravitational-wave Detections
Authors: Gondán László , Kocsis Bence , Raffai Péter , Frei Zsolt 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Mergers of stellar-mass black holes on highly eccentric orbits are among the targets for ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, including LIGO, VIRGO, and KAGRA. These sources may commonly form through gravitational-wave emission in high-velocity dispersion systems or through the secular Kozai–Lidov mechanism in triple systems. Gravitational waves carry information about the binaries’ orbital parameters and source location. Using the Fisher matrix technique, we determine the measurement accuracy with which the LIGO–VIRGO–KAGRA network could measure the source parameters of eccentric binaries using a matched filtering search of the repeated burst and eccentric inspiral phases of the waveform. We account for general relativistic precession and the evolution of the orbital eccentricity and frequency during the inspiral. We find that the signal-to-noise ratio and the parameter measurement accuracy may be significantly higher for eccentric sources than for circular sources. This increase is sensitive to the initial pericenter distance, the initial eccentricity, and the component masses. For instance, compared to a 30

M

⊙

–30

M

⊙

non-spinning circular binary, the chirp mass and sky-localization accuracy can improve by a factor of ∼129 (38) and ∼2 (11) for an initially highly eccentric binary assuming an initial pericenter distance of 20 M
tot (10 M
tot).
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission Toward the Galactic Bulge
Authors: Shannon M. J. , Peeters E. , Cami J. , Blommaert J. A. D. L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We examine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), dust, and atomic/molecular emission toward the Galactic bulge using Spitzer Space Telescope observations of four fields: C32, C35, OGLE, and NGC 6522. These fields are approximately centered on (l, b) = (0.°0, 1.°0), (0.°0, −1.°0), (0.°4, −2.°4), and (1.°0, −3.°8), respectively. Far-infrared photometric observations complement the Spitzer/IRS spectroscopic data and are used to construct spectral energy distributions. We find that the dust and PAH emission are exceptionally similar between C32 and C35 overall, in part explained due to their locations—they reside on or near boundaries of a 7 Myr old Galactic outflow event and are partly shock-heated. Within the C32 and C35 fields, we identify a region of elevated Hα emission that is coincident with elevated fine-structure and [O iv] line emission and weak PAH feature strengths. We are likely tracing a transition zone of the outflow into the nascent environment. PAH abundances in these fields are slightly depressed relative to typical ISM values. In the OGLE and NGC 6522 fields, we observe weak features on a continuum dominated by zodiacal dust. SED fitting indicates that thermal dust grains in C32 and C35 have temperatures comparable to those of diffuse, high-latitude cirrus clouds. Little variability is detected in the PAH properties between C32 and C35, indicating that a stable population of PAHs dominates the overall spectral appearance. In fact, their PAH features are exceptionally similar to that of the M82 superwind, emphasizing that we are probing a local Galactic wind environment.
Particle Acceleration Due to Cosmic-ray Viscosity and Fluid Shear in Astrophysical Jets
Authors: Webb G. M. , Barghouty A. F. , Hu Q. , Roux J. A. le 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
An analytical model describing the acceleration of energetic charged particles due to cosmic-ray viscosity and fluid shear in radio jets based on the diffusive transport equation for cosmic rays is developed. The model indicates that laminar shear is not a significant mechanism for particle acceleration in nonrelativistic jets but may be important in relativistic jets. The model produces a power-law momentum spectrum of particles accelerated by the shear (i.e.,

as

, where f
0 is the isotropic phase space distribution in the scattering frame). For ultra-relativistic jets with no back-flowing cocoon,

for the energetic particle diffusion coefficient case κ ∝ p

α
. Increasing the shear in the background flow gives harder accelerated particle momentum spectra. Monoenergetic source solutions (Green’s functions) and Green’s formula are derived and used to obtain solutions for monoenergetic particle momentum spectra specified on the edge of the jet at radius r = r
2.