bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source and Quality of Enteral Nutrition Influences Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fusch Gerhard , Mitra Souvik , Topp Heinrich , Agarwal Arnav , Yiu So Hon , Bruhs Josefin , Rochow Niels , Lange Anja , Heckmann Matthias , Fusch Christoph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPreterm infants are at risk of oxidative stress from neonatal intensive care interventions. 8‐Oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG), generated by oxygen radical attack on DNA, is a potential marker of oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of quality and source of enteral nutrition (EN) on renal excretion of 8‐oxodG in preterm infants.MethodsSpontaneous urine samples were collected on postnatal days 26–31 in 33 preterm infants. Infants were fed either breast milk (BM), formula (FM), or BM/FM mixtures. Daily iron (Fe) supplementation was started day 28 ± 1 postnatally. 8‐oxodG was determined by highperformance liquid chromatography‐electrochemical detection (HPLC‐EC).ResultsThe 8‐oxodG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in infants fed FM vs FM/BM (38.7 ± 28.7 vs 16.7 ± 12.2 nmol 8‐oxodG/mmol creatinine, P < 0.0001) or BM (11.6 ± 10.4 nmol 8‐oxodG/mmol creatinine, P < 0.0001). There was no significant effect of Fe supplementation (P = 0.547). 8‐OxodG excretion showed significant interindividual variation but was similar within pairs of twins.ConclusionQuality and source of EN seem to influence oxidative stress in preterm infants. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism is unclear and needs further investigation. It may be speculated that other mechanisms than Fe supplementation contribute to oxidative stress, such as cow's milk protein‐mediated up‐regulation of the intestinal inflammatory cascade.
Insights Into the Different Effects of Food on Intestinal Secretion Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Wilkinson‐Smith Victoria C. , Major Giles , Ashleigh Lucy , Murray Kathryn , Hoad Caroline L. , Marciani Luca , Gowland Penny A. , Spiller Robin C. ,   Nottingham GI MRI Research Group
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPlant foods may stimulate intestinal secretion through chemicals designed to deter herbivores, including lactucins in lettuce and rhein in rhubarb. This may increase ileostomy output and induce diarrhoea in people with intact bowels.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the effect of food on intestinal water content using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).DesignA three period crossover trial of isocaloric meals in adults without bowel disorders. Meals: 2 slices white bread with 10 g butter; 300 g rhubarb with 60 mL lactose free cream; 300 g lettuce with 30 mL mayonnaise. Primary outcome: Area under curve (AUC) small bowel water content (SBWC) using MRI. Secondary outcomes: ascending colon water content; T1 relaxation time of ascending colon (T1AC); gastric volume; visual analogue scales of bloating and satiety (0–100). MRI analysts were blinded. Scanned fasting and hourly to 180 min postprandial. Symptoms scored half‐hourly.Results9 female and 6 male subjects completed the study. AUC SBWC fell after bread but rose after lettuce and even more after rhubarb, difference from baseline being (Bread AUC −5662 (1209) ml.min vs Lettuce 3194 (1574) ml.min and Rhubarb 10586 (1629) ml.min (P < 0.01). Rhubarb induced a rise in T1AC but differences at 3 hours were not significant (P = 0.06). Gastric volume at T = 0 significantly was higher for both lettuce and rhubarb (571 ± 92 and 558 ± 89 mls) respectively compared to bread (314 ± 108 mls) (p < 0.0001). Symptom scores were higher for lettuce > rhubarb > bread.ConclusionLettuce and rhubarb meals increased intestinal water content, demonstrating how different foods can alter ileal flow and stool consistency.
Holocene relative sea level history and Storegga tsunami run‐up in Lyngen, northern Norway
Authors: Rasmussen Henrik , Bondevik Stein , Corner Geoffrey D. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTWe re‐investigated three isolation basins in Lyngen in Troms, Norway, that contained a mixed facies of terrestrial and marine origin. Here we show that the mixed facies was deposited by the Storegga tsunami. We reconstruct the run‐up of the tsunami to 6–7 m above mean sea level of that time, in agreement with numerical modelling. In addition, our new cores revealed a layer of lake‐gyttja below marine deposits, and radiocarbon ages of plant fragments extracted from that gyttja date the sea level lowstand to 9400 cal a BP. These ages, and our new understanding of the mixed facies as Storegga tsunami deposits, improve the previously published sea‐level curve. The radiocarbon age of a sea urchin, assumed to have been killed in the Storegga tsunami event, shows that the reservoir age of the coastal waters in Troms was 400 years (ΔR = 45 ± 41) at that time − similar to the present‐day value.
Moisture variations in arid central Asia and its out‐of‐phase relationship with the Asian Monsoon during MIS 5: evidence from loess records
Authors: Jia Jia , Fuyuan Gao , Dunsheng Xia , Wei Huang , Fahu Chen 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAn out‐of‐phase relationship between moisture variations in arid central Asia (ACA) and Monsoon Asia is revealed in various Holocene sedimentary records. To determine whether this relationship also occurred during previous warm intervals, we reconstructed the history of moisture variations during Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5) recorded in a loess profile from the Yili valley in the Tienshan Mountains, in ACA, and compared it with the record from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). Three humid episodes in the Yili valley are recorded, at 72–79.5, 93.5–101 and 113.5–125.5 ka; in addition, intervals of fine grain size, indicating a low incidence of dust storms, and thus low ice volume in the Northern Hemisphere, occurred during 76–83.5, 97–106 and 117.5–130 ka. Our findings indicate that during MIS 5, variations in humidity in ACA lagged (by ∼3–5 ka) variations in the Asian Monsoon recorded by magnetic and grain‐size proxies from the CLP. Furthermore, we propose that precipitation variations in ACA were negatively correlated with the intensity of the Asian Monsoon because of corresponding movements in pressure and rain belts, and were positively correlated with sea surface temperature variations in the North Atlantic.
Constraining the geometry and volume of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet
Authors: Kachuck Samuel B. , Cathles Lawrence M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe ice load configuration of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet (BSIS) over the last glacial cycle is in dispute. The traditional reconstruction, motivated by the observation that paleo‐shoreline emergence increases towards the center of the Barents Sea, places a single dome in the center of the Barents Sea at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that collapses to island‐centered loads during deglaciation. Observations that suggest that ice flowed from the islands into the Barents even at the LGM motivate another reconstruction that places the ice loads over the islands with minimal marine ice. We analyze an ensemble of ice loads that are consistent with the geophysical observations and show that current relative sea level, GPS and gravity measurements do not and cannot distinguish a central dome from an island‐centered BSIS. What is needed are constraints in the central Barents. Improving the gravity data sufficiently will be difficult. However, obtaining even a single GPS uplift rate measurement in the central Barents would resolve the central dome versus island‐centered BSIS geometry question. Uncertainty in the Barents Sea ice load geometry provides a good illustration of statistical methods that we believe will be useful in other areas of glaciology.
Evolution of the Galicia Interior Basin over the last 60 ka: sedimentary processes and palaeoceanographic implications
Authors: Mena Anxo , Francés Guillermo , Pérez‐Arlucea Marta , Hanebuth Till J. J. , Bender Vera B. , Nombela Miguel A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe Galicia Interior Basin (GIB; NW Iberian Peninsula) is located near a critical transition between the subtropical (temperate) and subpolar (cold) gyres of the North Atlantic. It therefore witnesses oceanographic changes driven by global climatic events. This study reports on the recent (latest Pleistocene) sedimentary, palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic history of the basin. We integrated analysis of deep‐sea sediment cores retrieved from an E–W transect across the GIB. The analysis indicated three types of sedimentary processes recording glacial (Marine Isotope Stage 2–4) and deglacial events: along‐slope bottom currents (forming contourite deposits), pelagic and hemipelagic sedimentation, and gravitational dislocation. Variation in depositional patterns and sedimentation rates indicate distinctive transport (along‐slope and down‐slope) and depositional processes. These in turn reflect climatic and oceanographic drivers. We interpret changes in sea level from core evidence showing changes in sediment supply. The cores exhibited conspicuous sedimentary evidence of Heinrich events (HEs). The stratigraphic intervals associated with HEs showed significant lateral variation. We suggest that the lateral variation may result from the development of an oceanographic boundary between surface water masses with different temperature and salinity parameters or changes in surface currents which may have introduced relatively warmer water into the GIB during the last glacial period.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of grape‐seed oil to enhance process yield and minimize free radical formation
Authors: Böger Bruna R , Salviato Aroldo , Valezi Daniel F , Di Mauro Eduardo , Georgetti Sandra R , Kurozawa Louise E 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrape seeds are a relatively abundant source of oil and bioactive compounds. To use this byproduct, the current work aimed to optimize the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of grape‐seed oil to obtain greater process yield and minimize free radical formation in the oil.RESULTSThe optimal condition was 15 °C with an ultrasonic wave amplitude of 42 µm, leading to a process yield of 82.9% and content of free radicals of 14.7 × 1017 kg−1 and 3.4 × 1018 kg−1 for samples stored for 7 and 30 days, respectively. No significant differences in fatty acid composition and acidity and iodine values were observed between samples. The oil obtained by ultrasound had greater phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity by ferric reduction than the control sample (without ultrasound application). However, higher content of free radicals and peroxide value was observed.CONCLUSIONSonication improved extraction yield when compared to the process without ultrasound application. Moreover, UAE favored the extraction of phenolic compounds. As it enhanced process yield with the minimum formation of free radicals, UAE is a promising oil‐extraction technology. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Suitability of unmalted quinoa for beer production
Authors: Kordialik‐Bogacka Edyta , Bogdan Paulina , Pielech‐Przybylska Katarzyna , Michałowska Dorota 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study provides the first detailed investigation into the effect of partially substituting barley malt with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) on the characteristics of wort and beer. Quinoa seeds and flakes were compared in terms of their suitability for brewing. The benefits of applying a commercial enzyme mixture during beer production with quinoa were also investigated.RESULTSThese findings show that quinoa is a good starchy raw material for brewing. Even without exogenous enzymes, it is possible to substitute barley malt with up to 30% quinoa. The form in which quinoa is used has a negligible influence on the quality of the wort and beer. The foam stability of beer made with quinoa was better than that of all‐malt beer, despite there being a lower level of soluble nitrogen in quinoa beer in comparison with all‐malt beer and more than twice the amount of fat in quinoa in comparison to barley malt.CONCLUSIONThe addition of unmalted quinoa does not give unpleasant characteristics to the beer and was even found to have a positive effect on its overall sensory quality. This offers brewers an opportunity to develop good beers with new sensory characteristics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The aroma volatile repertoire in strawberry fruit: a review
Authors: Yan Jia‐wei , Ban Zhao‐jun , Lu Hong‐yan , Li Dong , Poverenov Elena , Luo Zi‐sheng , Li Li 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAroma significantly contributes to flavor, which directly affects the commercial quality of strawberries. The strawberry aroma is complex as many kinds of volatile compounds are found in strawberries. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the constituents and of the biosynthesis of strawberry volatile compounds, and the effect of postharvest treatments on aroma profiles. The characteristic strawberry volatile compounds consist of furanones, such as 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3(2H)‐furanone and 4‐methoxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐3(2H)‐furanone; esters, including ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, methyl butanoate, and methyl hexanoate; sulfur compounds such as methanethiol, and terpenoids including linalool and nerolidol. As for postharvest treatment, the present review discusses the overview of aroma volatiles in response to temperature, atmosphere, and exogenous hormones, as well as other treatments including ozone, edible coating, and ultraviolet radiation. The future prospects for strawberry volatile biosynthesis and metabolism are also presented. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of postharvest application of ethylene on the profile of phenolic acids and anthocyanins in three blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum)
Authors: Costa Daniela VTA , Almeida Domingos PF , Pintado Manuela 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe blueberry is a fruit that has been studied extensively for its health benefits, mainly due to its high antioxidant activity. There is a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin and phenolic compound content. Postharvest treatment using ethylene may be a factor affecting the anthocyanin content. The objective of this work was to analyze postharvest treatment using ethylene on the anthocyanin profile during the storage of blueberries and phytochemical composition of ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Goldtraube,’ and ‘Ozarkblue.’ Fruits were harvested at commercial maturity; the treatment was carried out with 1000 µL L−1 of ethylene for 24 h followed by storage at 4 °C under normal atmosphere for 56 days.RESULTSOne day after treatment with ethylene, this increased the proportion of seven (more than 45%) and four (more than 65%) of the nine anthocyanins identified in the Bluecrop and Goldtraube cultivars respectively, and decreased five of the seven anthocyanins identified in ‘Ozarkblue’. For ‘Bluecrop,’ however, this increase reduced until the end of storage but in ‘Goldtraube’ seven anthocyanins had increased.CONCLUSIONThe effect of ethylene on anthocyanin composition of blueberries appeared to depend on the cultivar. ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Goldtraube’ responded positively with an increase in total anthocyanins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in the content of immunostimulating components of colostrum obtained from dairy cows at different levels of production
Authors: Wąsowska Edyta , Puppel Kamila 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent data indicate that almost 60% of colostrum samples do not have enough antibodies to provide adequate protection for the calf. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of the level of production of cows on the content of immunostimulating components of protein fraction of colostrum. The observations were conducted on two farms that keep dairy cows. One of the farms was selected to represent a typical performance level for the mass population of dairy cows in Poland, about 5500 kg of milk per cow per year (LI) and the second one was characterized by a higher level of production, about 8000 kg (HI).RESULTSBased on the data obtained, 100% of the samples collected from LI had an immunoglobulin G (IgG) content >50 gL−1, in the first collection. In the case of HI, 63% of the samples had an IgG content >50 gL−1, with a distribution in the range of 10.7 to 72.7 gL−1. The colostrum of LI cows was characterized by a higher content of lactoferrin, lysozyme, α‐lactalbumin, and β‐lactoglobulin compared to the milk of HI cows.CONCLUSIONSThe immunostimulating components of colostrum declined rapidly in subsequent milkings or with the increased productivity of the cows. The concentration of IgG was negatively correlated with the performance level of cows, which means that high‐producing cows had colostrum with a low concentration of IgG. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
New methods for high‐accuracy insect chitin measurement
Authors: Hahn Thomas , Roth Aileen , Febel Eva , Fijalkowska Malgorzata , Schmitt Eric , Arsiwalla Tarique , Zibek Susanne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a growing interest in the use of insects in poultry, swine and aquaculture feed, as well as pet food applications. All insects produce chitin‐based exoskeletons. With regard to chitin content, a precise determination in agricultural applications is crucial because it has favorable functional properties, although it is also difficult to digest for some species of livestock. Three measurement methods were compared to determine the most reliable method of chitin content determination in different insects and selected Hermetia illucens products: acid detergent fiber (ADF) provides the fiber content and the acid detergent lignin (ADL) additionally considers the catecholic compounds. Acetyl group measurement relates the acetate content to the chitin content.RESULTSComparing different insect species, the highest chitin value via ADF measurement was determined for the Tenebrio molitor larvae (155 g kg−1). Chitin values higher than 200 g kg−1 revealed that H. illucens residues are a much better valuable source of chitin. For the larval exoskeletons, a chitin content for all measurement methods of more than 350 g kg−1 was determined. In general, the ADF measurement is approximately 5% higher than the ADF‐ADL and acetyl measurements. ADF‐ADL and acetyl group determinations are approximately equivalent measurement methods.CONCLUSIONAccording to statistical analysis, ADF‐ADL represents a compromise between accuracy and equipment demand and is a suitable method for determining the chitin content of both insects and their residues. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Endogenous microbial contamination of melons (Cucumis melo) from international trade: an underestimated risk for the consumer?
Authors: Esteban‐Cuesta Irene , Drees Nathalie , Ulrich Sebastian , Stauch Peter , Sperner Brigitte , Schwaiger Karin , Gareis Manfred , Gottschalk Christoph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFruits and vegetables have increasingly been related to foodborne outbreaks. Besides surface contamination, a possible internalization of microorganisms into edible parts of plants during growth has already been observed. To examine an actual risk for the consumer, microbial contamination of the rind and pulp of 147 muskmelons from international trade was assessed using cultural and biochemical methods, polymerase chain reaction and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry.RESULTSOne hundred percent of the rind samples [3.69–8.92 log colony forming units (CFU) g−1] and 89.8% of the pulp samples (maximum load 3.66 log CFU g−1) were microbiologically contaminated. Among the 432 pulp isolates, opportunistic and potentially pathogenic bacteria were identified, mainly Staphylococcus spp. (48.9%), Clostridium spp. (42.9%) and Enterobacteriaceae (27.9%). Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and isolates of the Bacillus cereus group were found on the rind (1.4%, 0.7% and 42.9%, respectively) and in the pulp (0.7%, 1.4% and 4.7%). Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the rind of seven melons.CONCLUSIONThe present study revealed a regularly occurring internal contamination of melons. Possible health risks for consumers because of an occurrence of microorganisms in melon pulp should be considered in future food safety assessments. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Reactive oxygen species metabolism and phenylpropanoid pathway involved in disease resistance against Penicillium expansum in apple fruit induced by ϵ‐poly‐l‐lysine
Authors: Ge Yonghong , Wei Meilin , Li Canying , Chen Yanru , Lv Jingyi , Meng Kun , Wang Wenhui , Li Jianrong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlue mould caused by Penicillium expansum comprises a notable disease of apple fruit during storage. ϵ‐Poly‐l‐lysine (PL) consists of ϵ‐amino and α‐hydroxyl and has been used in food preservation. In the present study, apple fruits (cv. Fuji) were used to investigate the effects of PL dipping treatment, at different concentrations of PL, on the lesion diameter of fruit inoculated with P. expansum, aiming to screen the optimal concentration for controlling blue mould. The effects of PL at the optimal concentration on reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway were also investigated.RESULTSThe results indicated that 25, 50, 100 and 200 µL L−1 PL treatment significantly decreased the lesion diameter in apple fruit inoculated with P. expansum and the smallest lesion diameter was determined for 50 µL L−1 PL‐treated fruits. The results also indicated that 50 µL L−1 PL treatment increased the hydrogen peroxide content and the activities of enzymes involved in ROS metabolism, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase in apple fruit. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and the contents of lignin, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were also enhanced by PL treatment.CONCLUSIONThe disease resistance to P. expansum in apple fruits enhanced by PL treatment is related to activating ROS metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway and the accumulation of antifungal compounds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of exogenous phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and phosphorous bioavailability in Rambouillet sheep
Authors: Vallejo Laura Haydee , Buendía German , Elghandour Mona MMY , Menezes‐Blackburn Daniel , Greiner Ralf , Salem Abdelfattah ZM 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of phytase supplementation with respect to a high sorghum grain diet on sheep voluntary feed intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, phosphorus (P) excretion and blood serum P concentration was evaluated.RESULTSPhytase supplementation significantly decreased fecal P excretion (P = 0.003), resulting in a 26% decrease in relation to the phytase free diet. Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal butyrate and serum P were not (P > 0.10) affected by the phytase level. Neutral detergent digestibility showed a tendency to increase linearly (P = 0.10) with increasing phytase levels. Ruminal pH was lower for phytase supplemented sheep, with a significant decrease (P = 0.007) at 9 h post feeding, whereas ruminal ammonia‐N at 3 h post feeding was lower (P = 0.004) for the phytase treatment groups, resulting in a decreasing linear response (P = 0.001) with an increasing phytase dose. Duodenal pH was significantly reduced at 6 h post feeding. Propionate tended (P = 0.051) to be increased linearly as the phytase supplementation level increased.CONCLUSIONExogenous phytase supplementation of high sorghum grain diets significantly decreased fecal P excretion in Rambouillet rams. Phytase supplementation appears to affect neutral detergent fiber digestibility, duodenal and ruminal pH, ammonia and propionate. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry