bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological and Microstructural Characteristics of Canola Protein Isolate−Chitosan Complex Coacervates
Authors: Chang Peg Gee , Gupta Rahul , Timilsena Yakindra Prasad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWastage of byproducts such as canola meal is a pressing environmental concern, and canola protein isolate (CPI)−chitosan (Ch) coacervates have a good potential to utilize and convert the wastes into a high value added product. Yet so far, there is very limited rheological and microstructural information to assist in proper utilization of CPI ‐Ch complex coacervates. The rheological and microstructural properties of the complex coacervates formed from CPI and chitosan Ch at various CPI‐to‐Ch mixing ratios (1:1, 16:1, 20:1, and 30:1) and pH values (5.0, 6.0, and 7.0) were therefore investigated. These CPI−Ch complex coacervate phases were found to exhibit elastic behavior as evidenced by significantly higher elastic modulus (Gʹ) compared to viscous modulus (G″) in all the tested ratios and pH ranges. They also exhibited shear‐thinning behavior during viscous flow. The complex coacervates formed at the optimum CPI‐to‐Ch ratio of 16:1 and pH of 6.0 demonstrated the highest Gʹ, G″, and shear viscosity, which correlated well with the high strength of electrostatic interaction and thick‐walled, sponge‐like, less‐porous microstructure at this condition. The higher shear viscosity of the coacervate at pH 6.0 was most likely induced by stronger attractive electrostatic interactions between CPI and Ch molecules, due to the formation of a rather densely packed complex coacervate structure. Hence, it can be concluded that the microstructural observations of denser structure correlated well with the rheological findings of stronger intermolecular bonds at the optimum CPI‐to‐Ch ratio of 16:1 and pH of 6.0. The complex coacervate phase formed at a CPI‐to‐Ch ratio of 16:1 and pH of 6.0 also showed glassy consistency at low temperatures and rubbery consistency above its glass‐transition temperature. This study identified the potential for the newly developed CPI–Ch complex coacervate to be used as an encapsulating material due to its favorable strength. This would drastically reduce the wastage of byproducts, provide a solution to tackle the pressing global issue of wastage of byproducts, and bring about a more environmentally friendly paradigm.
The Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium: Translation and inter‐rater reliability in a Danish pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Simonsen Birgitte Yndgaard , Lisby Marianne , Traube Chani , Skovby Pernille 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDelirium is a serious medical problem and recognized as a common syndrome in critically ill children. Without routine screening, delirium diagnosis is often missed by the medical providers. Internationally, there are tools to assess pediatric delirium (PD), but none currently available in Danish. The aim of this project was to translate the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) into Danish and determine its feasibility and reliability in a Danish clinical setting.MethodsTranslation was done in accordance with WHO guidelines. Linguistic and cultural differences were reconciled with the original developers of the instrument. The Danish CAPD was then tested in a prospective cohort of children admitted to a single pediatric intensive care unit at a university hospital in Denmark. Inter‐rater reliability was determined using weighted Kappa statistics.ResultsThirty children were enrolled, and 92 delirium assessments were completed. Inter‐rater reliability (n = 84) revealed that inter‐observer agreement among the nurses was high (κ 0.85). The Danish version of the CAPD was successfully administered in all children.ConclusionsStandardized assessment tools are a pre‐requisite to identify PD. A Danish version of the CAPD now exists, and preliminary testing has demonstrated it as feasible and reliable for use in a Danish clinical setting. A multi‐institutional study is needed to determine the prevalence of PD in Denmark.
Worries About Discontinuing Buprenorphine Treatment: Scale Development and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Conti Micah T. , Herman Debra S. , Anderson Bradley J. , Bailey Genie L. , Noppen Donnell Van , Abrantes Ana M. 
Published: April 2019

Background and ObjectivesDespite the benefits of maintenance buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), many individuals report an interest in discontinuing the medication, while also expressing worries about tapering. The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of worries about buprenorphine discontinuation (“Off Bupe”) and determine the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with these worries.MethodsBetween May 2017 and May 2018, we surveyed adults in an outpatient primary care buprenorphine program (n = 138). Reliability and validity of the Off Bupe measure were examined.ResultsParticipants averaged 39 years of age, 54% were male, average duration of buprenorphine was 189 weeks and 85.5% reported eventually wanting to discontinue buprenorphine, although fewer than 10% were actively tapering. We derived two scales, withdrawal symptom worry (10 items, ɑ = 0.94) and relapse worry (7 items,
ɑ = 0.88). Worry about symptoms was positively associated with current buprenorphine dose (P = 0.016), physical discomfort avoidance (P < 0.001), and inversely associated with self‐efficacy to quit buprenorphine (P < 0.001) and distress tolerance (P < 0.001). Worry about opioid relapse was associated positively with age (P = 0.019), current buprenorphine dose (P = 0.004), physical discomfort avoidance (P < 0.001), and impulsivity (P = 0.002), and inversely associated with self‐efficacy to quit buprenorphine (P < 0.001).Discussion and ConclusionsPsychometric evaluation of the “Off Bupe” scale demonstrated its content and construct validity and internal reliability.Scientific SignificanceThe scale might help individuals with OUD and their providers identify concerns about discontinuing buprenorphine. (Am J Addict 2019;28:270–276)
Evaluation of an Online Residency Training in Tobacco Use Disorder
Authors: Williams Jill M. , Poulsen Raul , Chaguturu Vamsee , Tobia Anthony , Palmeri Barbara 
Published: April 2019

Background and ObjectivesDespite the overwhelming need for tobacco use disorder (TUD) treatment in behavioral health settings, few models have emerged for training psychiatry residents. One barrier may be a lack of curricula or faculty expertize in this area. The goal of this project was to develop and evaluate a 3 hour online webinar‐based course for teaching psychiatry residents about TUD.MethodsResidents from 42 participating general psychiatry residency programs were emailed a unique link to course materials. Participation was voluntary.ResultsTwo‐hundred and seven residents completed the pretest measuring baseline knowledge and 199 completed the survey measuring attitudes toward treatment of tobacco use. Mean pretest scores were 53.0% correct (SD 19.6), showing low levels of baseline knowledge. Pretest knowledge scores differed by residency year, suggesting no gain in knowledge during residency training. About 80% of participants completed the entire course and posttest evaluations. Paired t tests for 150 individuals who completed both a pretest and posttest indicated a significant increase in knowledge, with a mean gain in score of 35 points.Discussion and ConclusionsMany residents reported feeling not well prepared to treat TUD from prior education. The vast majority (98%) felt the program enhanced their professional experience somewhat or substantially or would recommend the program to others (82%).Scientific SignificanceOnline training for residents is a viable option to address knowledge deficits in TUD. (Am J Addict 2019;28:277–284)
Where is the fruit? Multidimensional inequalities in food retail environments around public elementary schools
Authors: Li Yingru , Du Ting , Huff‐Corzine Lin , Johnson Kenisha , Noyongoyo Boniface 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing number of convenience and small food stores may be contributing to the rising childhood obesity rate in the United States; however, the literature assessing food environments surrounding elementary schools in this country is relatively limited. This study determines (a) whether the food environments around public elementary schools is of significantly lower quality than those of other areas in the United States and (b) how the quality of the school food environment is associated with local socio‐economic factors and geographical components.MethodsData for 52,375 public elementary schools as well as 96,652 convenience stores, 65,044 small food stores, and 44,383 supermarkets/grocery stores were obtained from the National Center of Education Statistics and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. A two‐sample t test was applied to compare the food environment within 0.5‐mile buffer around schools and that in the remaining area of each county. A binomial regression model was constructed to examine the impact of socio‐economic and geographical factors on unequal food environments.ResultsThe food environment within 0.5 mile around schools is of significantly poorer quality than that of the rest of the test area (p < .001). The quality of the food environment around schools is highly associated with such socio‐economic factors as median household income (OR = 1.000, p < .01) and percentage of minority population (OR = 0.989, p < .01). Quality also varies geographically, with poorer quality in the Midwest (OR = 0.722, p < .05) and northeast (OR = 0.328, p < .001) than in the south and west and lower quality in metro counties (OR = 0.627, p < .01) than in rural and nonmetro counties.ConclusionOur findings stress the importance of awareness for improving food retail environments around elementary schools for the benefit of our children.
Patterns of support to adolescents related to disability, family situation, harassment, and economy
Authors: Møller Christensen Berit , Björk Maria , Almqvist Lena , Huus Karina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents need support from family, friends, and teachers to increase their involvement in everyday life. Their environment and their own characteristics also influence their ability to participate in an everyday supportive environment.AimThe aim of the study was to investigate patterns of support from parents, teachers, and very important persons such as peers to the ability of adolescents to participate in everyday life, as well as the importance of interpersonal relations as experienced by the adolescents.MethodThe study has a cross‐sectional design. The data compiled and analysed in this study are part of a longitudinal study of adolescents and their development into adults—LoRDIA (Longitudinal Research on Development In Adolescence). A combination of person‐ and variable‐oriented design was used to capture patterns of support.ResultsAdolescents with a complicated home situation and low economic prerequisites who received little support from parents and friends participated to a lower degree in home activities. A substantial number of these adolescents had self‐reported neurodevelopmental disorders and, as a group, were more often exposed to harassment. However, these adolescents participated to a higher extent in school activities, although they received little support from the teachers. The adolescents who received most support from parents and teachers were those with a country of origin other than Sweden and those who lived with both of their parents and had more siblings than average. However, this did not mean that they participated to a higher extent in home and school activities.
Vaccines for emerging pathogens: from research to the clinic
Authors: Williamson E D 
Published: April 2019

Summary
In this two-part series of reviews, we have invited experts in their fields to contribute articles on the status of vaccine research and development for emerging pathogens. This topic has been brought into sharp focus in recent years following significant outbreaks of viral diseases such as those causing severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, as well as devastating outbreaks of diseases caused by the Ebola, Marburg, Zika and Lassa fever viruses, to name only a few examples. Additionally, bacterial infections leading to bubonic and pneumonic plague, most notably in Madagascar in 2018, as well as malaria in many tropical countries, melioidosis in south east Asia and tularaemia in northern Europe and North America, have incurred significant morbidity and mortality. In this review series, the life cycle of these pathogens and the epidemiology of disease have been reviewed in the context of potential points of intervention for the prevention of human infection. Many of the emerging pathogens are zoonoses and, as such, there is scope for intervention at the animal/insect/environmental reservoir. Other pathogens covered in this review series are considered to be re-emerging, such as multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
Turning Data into Better Decision Making: Asking Questions, Collecting and Analyzing Data in a Personal Analytics Project
Authors: Anderson Joe S. , Williams Susan K. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn this project, students asked and attempted to answer questions about themselves by collecting and analyzing data. With the prevalence of big data and business analytics, managers have data and quantitative information available more immediately than ever. However, managers need to understand how to use this information. In this project, students developed questions in an area of their choice such as fitness, health, or academics. For 8 weeks students then collected data that was designed to answer these questions. Finally, students applied descriptive analytics, regression, and data visualization techniques to answer their posed questions. Students have been positive about the assignment, and we share lessons learned from both the students and the faculty.
The varieties of agential powers
Authors: Douskos Christos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe domain of agential powers is marked by a contrast that does not arise in the case of dispositions of inanimate objects: the contrast between propensities or tendencies on the one hand, and capacities or abilities on the other. According to Ryle, this contrast plays an important role in the “logical geography” of the dispositional concepts used in the explanation and assessment of action. However, most subsequent philosophers use the terms of art “power” or “disposition” indiscriminately in formulating central metaphysical claims about human agency, assuming that an adequate account of inanimate dispositions can safely be used for such purposes. As a result, the distinctive features of propensities and capacities drop out of view. This is bound to obscure distinctions of crucial importance to the understanding of human agency. In order to show this, I undertake to articulate some central differences between propensities and capacities. Propensities and capacities have a different relation to value, as well as a concomitant difference in their metaphysical structure. The argument points to an explanation of why the distinction between propensities and capacities does not arise in the case of non‐agential powers. This explanation takes us back to questions about the nature of human agency.
Spatial distribution and stoichiometry of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus along an elevation gradient in a wetland in China
Authors: Hu Cong , Li Feng , Xie Yonghong , Deng Zhengmiao , Hou Zhiyong , Li Xu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite extensive studies on how environmental factors influence plant nutrient distribution and stoichiometry, it remains unclear how elevation affects soil distribution and stoichiometry. Here, patterns of the spatial distribution and stoichiometry of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were studied (with 123 soil samples) along a small‐scale elevation gradient in the wetland of East Dongting Lake, China. Plant nutrient concentrations (C, N and P), soil stoichiometry (C:N, C:P and N:P ratios) and their relations with other soil properties were analysed. In addition, the spatial distributions of plant nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry were evaluated geostatistically with regression kriging, entailing estimation of regression parameters by generalized least squares and ordinary kriging of the residuals. Soil C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry had moderate to strong spatial dependence, and the ratios of C:P and N:P had similar patterns of distribution to soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN). The SOC, TN, C:N, C:P and N:P ratios increased with increasing elevation, whereas total phosphorus (TP) showed no marked change. Furthermore, SOC, TN, C:N, C:P and N:P decreased considerably with increasing duration of submergence, soil moisture and pH. Therefore, elevation appeared to influence the distribution of plant nutrients and stoichiometry as a result of changing soil moisture and duration of submergence.Highlights

Study showed how elevation influences plant nutrient distribution and stoichiometry.
Regression kriging was used to map soil properties.
Plant nutrients and stoichiometry decreased with increasing duration of submergence.
Elevation affected nutrient distribution because of soil moisture and water regime.
Water‐soluble phenolic metabolites in lichens and their potential role in soil organic matter formation at the pre‐vascular stage
Authors: Zavarzina Anna G. , Nikolaeva Tatjana N. , Demin Vladimir V. , Lapshin Petr V. , Makarov Mikhail I. , Zavarzin Alexey A. , Zagoskina Natalia V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) is the largest reservoir of organic carbon in the biosphere. However, little is known about the processes of its formation at the pre‐vascular stage. Lichens are among the pioneer colonizers on mineral substrates and are possible early land flora. This study is the first report on the identification and quantification of water‐soluble phenolic compounds (PCs), potential precursors of humic substances, in epigeyic lichens from two systematic groups. Results show (Folin–Denis assay) that cyanobiont‐containing lichens (order Peltigerales) possess three to five times more total soluble PCs than Lecanoralean lichens (Cladonia, Cetraria spp.) and mosses. Soluble PCs in lichens occur in the conjugated form. Alkali‐hydrolysable compounds (esters) predominate over acid‐hydrolysable compounds (glycosides). Phenolic complexes with N‐containing compounds or reducing sugars, or both, have been identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Benzoic acid derivatives were most common among PCs, detected in lichens by reversed‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). Phenolic acids occur in the order (μg 100 g−1): p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (327–1,007) > syringic acid (87–361) > salycilic acid (135–210) > vanillic acid (12–19) (Peltigeralean lichens); salicylic acid (53–102) > p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (45–54) > caffeic acid (29) > syringic acid (18) > vanillic acid (9–13) (Lecanoralean lichens). Protocatechuic, caffeic and p‐coumaric acids were rare; ferulic acid was not detected. Syringyl and vanillyl aldehydes and ketones occur in much larger amounts than acids. Methoxy‐substituted and ortho‐substituted phenols, detected in lichens, are known for their high reactivity in soils under lignified vegetation, suggesting their important roles in SOM formation under a cryptogam cover.Highlights

Phenolic composition of SOM and humification processes at pre‐vascular stage are largely overlooked
Soluble phenolic acids, aldehydes and ketones are quantified in lichens for the first time
Lichens are depleted in phenylpropanoids and enriched in syringyl structures and monophenols
Lichen‐derived phenolic compounds are potential precursors of humic substances under cryptogam cover
Clinicians and accounting: A systematic review and research directions
Authors: Oppi Chiara , Campanale Cristina , Cinquini Lino , Vagnoni Emidia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper provides a review of the literature concerning clinicians’ approach to accounting information systems (AISs) in healthcare organizations. The paper examines highly rated accounting and management literature since 1980. Articles are categorized according to their research topics, settings, and methodologies, then findings are analyzed.Results show that clinicians’ resistance to accounting is the consequence of the inadequacy of AISs, which are designed according to reforms inspired by a managerial orientation. This suggests that future research should focus on AISs design, investigating patterns of implementation of AISs that can increase clinicians’ commitment to and use of accounting for decision making.
Deciphering the number and location of active sites in the monomeric glyoxalase I of Zea mays
Authors: González Javier M. , Agostini Romina B. , Alvarez Clarisa E. , Klinke Sebastián , Andreo Carlos S. , Campos‐Bermudez Valeria A. 
Published: April 2019

Detoxification of methylglyoxal, a toxic by‐product of central sugar metabolism, is a major issue for all forms of life. The glyoxalase pathway evolved to effectively convert methylglyoxal into d‐lactate via a glutathione hemithioacetal intermediate. Recently, we have shown that the monomeric glyoxalase I from maize exhibits a symmetric fold with two cavities, potentially harboring two active sites, in analogy with homodimeric enzyme surrogates. Here we confirm that only one of the two cavities exhibits glyoxalase I activity and show that it adopts a tunnel‐shaped structure upon substrate binding. Such conformational change gives rise to independent binding sites for glutathione and methylglyoxal in the same active site, with important implications for the molecular reaction mechanism, which has been a matter of debate for several decades.DatabaseStructural data are available in The Protein Data Bank database under the accession numbers 6BNN, 6BNX, and 6BNZ.
Coping strategies in young and adult haemophilia patients: A tool for the adaptation to the disease
Authors: Torres‐Ortuño Ana , Cuesta‐Barriuso Rubén , Nieto‐Munuera Joaquín , Galindo‐Piñana Pilar , López‐Pina José Antonio 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionChronic diseases, after diagnosis, involve changes that have to favour coping with the new situation. The resources used will help control, manage and adapt to the disease. The psychological aspects may be influencing how the individual faces the situation.AimTo assess whether perceptions or beliefs and illness behaviour influence the choice of coping strategies for young and adult patients with haemophilia.MethodsMulticenter cross‐sectional descriptive study. We recruited 63 patients with haemophilia A and B, adolescents, young and adults, and both types of treatment. A clinical and sociodemographic data sheet, the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI), the Illness Perception Questionnaire‐revised (IPQ‐R) and the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ) were used.ResultsPatients with haemophilia use appropriate coping strategies, both cognitive and behavioural. Most of them are on‐demand treatment, and despite arthropathy, they perceive good control of haemophilia. However, patients in prophylactic treatment are those employed more maladaptive coping strategies, less perception of control and hypochondriacal behaviour to the disease. The age variable may be relevant but we did not find significant differences.ConclusionsCoping strategies used by patients with haemophilia are adequate. Although it is noted that the perception of the disease, its controllability or not, affects illness behaviour and consequently how coping with haemophilia. These are based on personal characteristics, cognitive and attitudinal dispositions that the individual consciously use to solve or face adverse situations. The analysis of coping styles of patients could be a tool for professionals to manage properly the disease.