bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningiomas: Overview and New Directions in Therapy
Authors: Osswald Matthias , Wang Nancy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe majority of meningiomas, the most common primary brain tumor, are considered to be benign, and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging features allow a preliminary diagnosis. Meningiomas can be classified in the World Health Organization system as grade I, II, or III, depending on various histological features. In many cases, observation is the preferred management option, although this means the absence of a histological diagnosis. If necessary, standard therapy consists of surgery with or without adjuvant radiation, depending on the tumor grade and the degree of resection. To date, systemic therapies are not included in the standard of care. The level of evidence for treatment recommendations is low, and effective treatment regimens, especially for surgery-refractory and radiation-refractory meningiomas, are still very limited. Recent studies have broadened our knowledge of the genetics and pathogenesis of meningiomas and will lead to new therapeutic options. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis and genetics, classification, and diagnosis of meningiomas, as well as management principles, including promising new avenues of therapy.
Pediatric Relapsing Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis Crossing with Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesion
Authors: Charoensanti Sudarat , Pongcharoen Sutatip , Apiwattanakul Metha 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalopathy characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms, autonomic instability, and abnormal movements. Most children who undergo tumor removal and receive appropriate immunosuppressants have substantial neurological improvement. We report a 14-year-old girl with relapsing anti-NMDAR encephalitis who presented with paroxysmal tingling and weakness of the right lower limb. Despite long-term prophylaxis with immunotherapy (azathioprine), tumefactive demyelinating lesion and multifocal subcortical white matter lesions were identified on magnetic resonance imaging, which improved after high doses of steroid therapy. There may be overlap between the clinical manifestations of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and acquired demyelination syndromes in children.
Practical Implications of the Updated WHO Classification of Brain Tumors
Authors: Sahm Felix , Martinez-Lage Maria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe updated 2016 WHO classification of Central Nervous System tumors introduced a novel concept of neuropathology diagnostics. Molecular parameters are now included into the definition of several entities. This evolution from a previously purely histology-based classification to an integrated approach of histology and genetic characteristics has implications in daily diagnostic and clinical practice. Both the spectrum of diagnostic workup demanded from the neuropathologist and the range of relevant markers to be considered by clinicians and clinical investigators have increased. This article reviews the major changes in the classification of diffuse gliomas, ependymoma, and medulloblastoma, the practical consequences for diagnostics and clinical trials, and points toward recent developments that potentially will influence the next update of the classification.
Tätigkeitsfeld: Musiktherapie in der
Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Nolden Joachim 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungWie integriert sich Musiktherapie in den neurorehabilitativen klinischen Alltag?
Die Nacherhebungen musiktherapeutischer Behandlungen lassen das Tätigkeitsfeld
überblicken. Sie geben Hinweise auf die Behandlungsdauer und -frequenz, die
Methoden und die interdisziplinäre Vernetzung.
Rhythmisch-auditive Stimulation bei
Parkinson-Erkrankung
Authors: Hotz Verena 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Parkinson-Erkrankung geht mit zahlreichen motorischen Störungen einher. Diese
werden medikamentös behandelt. Begleitend dazu lassen sich mit der
rhythmisch-auditiven Stimulation positive Wirkungen erzielen.
Das Menschenbild des Kallikles im platonischen Gorgias
Authors: Gutschmidt Holger 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
The sophist Callicles in Plato’s Gorgias is one of the few interlocutors of the Platonic Socrates who persistently refuses
to be refuted by Socrates’ arguments. In the contrary, he develops an alternative conception of man which he believes can show Socrates’
ideas about the good and man’s happiness wrong and illusory. This contribution analyses Callicles’ anthropology in the
Gorgias and argues that Callicles’ position indicates a systematic problem in Socrates’ conception of happiness.
Therefore, its function within the Gorgias is to introduce in to the conception of the Politeia where
Plato abandons his earlier individualistic (and Socratic) concept of happiness and replaces it by the idea of the philosopher’s state.
Aristotelian dialectic as midwifery
Authors: Weigelt Charlotta 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In Topics I.2, Aristotle famously claims that dialectic, as a
critical inquiry, affords the path to the primary principles of science. This
article sets out from the assumption that Aristotle shares with Plato the
suspicion that dialectical critique cannot contribute to the advancement of
scientific knowledge as long as it is of the Socratic, elenctic kind, since its
only benefit is to refute false beliefs. But when Plato in the
Theaetetus has Socrates act as a midwife to his fellow men,
he offers an alternative picture of dialectical critique that also, it is
argued, captures the spirit of Aristotle’s dialectical work, especially as
pursued in the Metaphysics. In Aristotle, however, the mission
of Socratic midwifery, to help other individuals give birth to knowledge that
was already innate to them, is transformed into a project that centers on the
liberation of the as yet dormant and inarticulate truth of the tradition.
Salomon Maimons Maimonides-Rezeption im Kontext seiner
Auseinandersetzung mit Kants Konzept der Dinge an sich1
Authors: Elon Daniel 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
The 18th century philosopher Salomon Maimon, who originated from a small village
in Eastern Europe and who, despite having been destined to become a rabbi at a
young age, emigrated to Berlin and other German locations to study philosophy,
showed a strong bond to the medieval philosopher Moses Maimonides, most
obviously by his self selected surname. Besides this, Maimon’s philosophical
works have been significantly influenced by the rationalistic philosophy and
theology of Maimonides. Most importantly, Maimonides’ theory of divine reason,
which in turn refers to Aristotle’s Metaphysics, is
incorporated into the philosophy of Maimon, who decisively transformed this
conception into his own notion of an infinite intellect. In this article, it
shall be demonstrated that Maimon uses this concept, derived from Maimonides’
thought to a large extent, yet significantly differing from it in important
aspects, to argue against Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy: At first by
rejecting the Kantian dualism of sensibility and intellect, then by trying to
uncover Kant’s notion of the thing in itself as meaningless and
eventually by trying to eliminate this notion from the system of transcendental
philosophy in general. To present this specific constellation of argumentation,
at first Maimon’s reception of central Maimonidean thoughts shall be examined in
a strongly selective manner. In a second step, the application of these thoughts
to the difficulties of Kant’s philosophy by Maimon has to be drafted. By
inquiring the multifaceted relation of Maimon to the medieval philosopher in
these important aspects, Maimonides’ particular relevance for German philosophy
in the late 18th century shall be revealed.
Frames of reference and the encoding of spatial location in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Zhang Keding 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article attempts to account for how the static spatial relations of location between objects are encoded in Mandarin Chinese with Levinson’s notions of frames of reference and Talmy’s concept of Figure-Ground relations as theoretical guidance. Space is relational in nature, and spatial relations are embodied concepts that are at the heart of our conceptual system. That’s why they cannot be seen in the way physical objects are observed. Accordingly, I am inclined to propose that spatial relations are not natural entities in the physical world, but abstract ones that are construed and conceptualized subjectively by human beings. In accordance with the relational nature of space, Mandarin Chinese speakers usually encode the abstract spatial relationX Spatially Relates To Yinto a linguistic representation asX V Y(P) wherePis optional, when a pure static spatial relation of location between objects is construed, or into a linguistic representation asX VPzài Y PwhereVPstands for verbs of posture, when the object being located is conceived as being spatially related in a certain manner with respect to the reference object. Usually, such linguistic representations asX V Y(P) andX VPzài Y Pare usually realized in Mandarin Chinese as two types of locative constructions: spatial relation constructions of containment/enclosure and spatial relation constructions of proximity/adjacency. What’s more, though locative constructions are related in some way to existential constructions in Mandarin Chinese, they are actually distinct from each other in three ways from a cognitive linguistics perspective: (i) they encode different spatial relations, (ii) they reveal different Figure-Ground relations, and (iii) there is a difference in definiteness of the two nominals involved.
Effects of emotion information on processing pain-related words in visual word recognition
Authors: Duris Jessica , Kumpan Tamara , Duffels Brian , Matheson Heath E. , Pexman Penny M. , Siakaluk Paul D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We examined the effects of emotion information (valence, arousal, and emotional experience) on lexical decision and semantic categorization (using a “Is the word pain-related or not?” decision criterion) performance for pain-related words. Using linear mixed-effects modeling, we observed facilitatory effects of emotional experience in both tasks, such that faster responses were associated with higher emotional experience ratings. We observed a marginally significant valence effect in the semantic categorization task, such that faster responses were associated with more unpleasantness ratings. These effects were observed even with several other predictor variables (e.g., frequency, age of acquisition, concreteness, physical pain experience ratings) included in the analyses. These results suggest that the dimensions of emotional experience and (to a lesser degree) valence underlie emotion conceptual knowledge of pain-related words; however, their influence appears to be dynamic, depending on task demands.
The unbounded productivity of (sign) language
Authors: Berent Iris , Dupuis Amanda 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnbounded productivity is a hallmark of linguistic competence. Here, we asked whether this capacity automatically applies to signs. Participants saw video-clips of novel signs in American Sign Language (ASL) produced by a signer whose body appeared in a monochromatic color, and they quickly identified the signs’ color. The critical manipulation compared reduplicative (αα) signs to non-reduplicative (αβ) controls. Past research has shown that reduplication is frequent in ASL, and frequent structures elicit stronger Stroop interference. If signers automatically generalize the reduplication function, then αα signs should elicit stronger color-naming interference. Results showed no effect of reduplication for signs whose base (α) consisted of native ASL features (possibly, due to the similarity of α items to color names). Remarkably, signers were highly sensitive to reduplication when the base (α) included novel features. These results demonstrate that signers can freely extend their linguistic knowledge to novel forms, and they do so automatically. Unbounded productivity thus defines all languages, irrespective of input modality.
Merkur on Jung on ethics, mysticism, and religion
Authors: Segal Robert A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTInJung’s Ethics, Dan Merkur, a psychoanalyst in Toronto and the author of many books on the Inuit, psychoanalytic theory, mysticism, and drug-induced religious experience, here writes for the first time on Jungian psychology. Merkur is not abandoning Freud for Jung. A Freudian he remains. But he seeks to contrast Jung positively to Freud. Merkur draws scores of contrasts. Some of them are already known, some not. But even when the contrasts are known, Merkur illuminates them. He is especially concerned with the difference between Freud and Jung on the relationship of psychology to religion. Where Freud seeks to replace religion by psychology, Jung seeks to make psychology itself religious. Whether Jung in fact succeeds in tying psychology so tightly to religion, as Merkur contends, is considered.
Developing the port of Belawan as a modern and international port
Authors: Many N 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study discusses the processes of government to pass the port development plan in Indonesia with the Port of Belawan and its port expansion as the study case. The study uses a descriptive approach by reviewing and analyzing some of relevant literature as the sources. It also reviews and examines the port development theoretical concepts and models giving attention to the international hub port models resulted from the previous studies. The international hub port aspects assessed to be further applied and compared to the actual situation of the Port of Belawan. This process draws the conclusion on which concept and model the port classified, followed by some recommendations concerning the necessary actions to be taken. The results show that: (1) The port planning regulated in port master plan is the guideline and foundation to implement the port development; (2) Spatial and zoning plan regulations are very important in the preparation, planning, and implementation of port development; (3) It has not provided the necessary facilities and criteria of the global hub port model has not been met completely. The port is strategic to be completely developed as the regional hub port to compete with the major ports of neighboring countries. Eventually, this study requires further analysis to examine the economic feasibility of the Port of Belawan in more comprehensive way functioning as an international hub port along with the ongoing development of Kuala Tanjung Port to achieve its ultimate objectives, among other things, the port effectiveness, efficiency, and competitiveness.
Structural and functional analyses of microbial metabolic networks reveal novel insights into genome-scale metabolic fluxes
Authors: Li Gaoyang , Cao Huansheng , Xu Ying 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present here an integrated analysis of structures and functions of genome-scale metabolic networks of 17 microorganisms. Our structural analyses of these networks revealed that the node degree of each network, represented as a (simplified) reaction network, follows a power-law distribution, and the clustering coefficient of each network has a positive correlation with the corresponding node degree. Together, these properties imply that each network has exactly one large and densely connected subnetwork or core. Further analyses revealed that each network consists of three functionally distinct subnetworks: (i) a core, consisting of a large number of directed reaction cycles of enzymes for interconversions among intermediate metabolites; (ii) a catabolic module, with a largely layered structure consisting of mostly catabolic enzymes; (iii) an anabolic module with a similar structure consisting of virtually all anabolic genes; and (iv) the three subnetworks cover on average ∼56, ∼31 and ∼13% of a network’s nodes across the 17 networks, respectively. Functional analyses suggest: (1) cellular metabolic fluxes generally go from the catabolic module to the core for substantial interconversions, then the flux directions to anabolic module appear to be determined by input nutrient levels as well as a set of precursors needed for macromolecule syntheses; and (2) enzymes in each subnetwork have characteristic ranges of kinetic parameters, suggesting optimized metabolic and regulatory relationships among the three subnetworks.
Reactivation of the Nkx2.5 cardiac enhancer after myocardial infarction does not presage myogenesis
Authors: Deutsch Marcus-André , Doppler Stefanie A , Li Xinghai , Lahm Harald , Santamaria Gianluca , Cuda Giovanni , Eichhorn Stefan , Ratschiller Thomas , Dzilic Elda , Dreßen Martina , Eckart Annekathrin , Stark Konstantin , Massberg Steffen , Bartels Anna , Rischpler Christoph , Gilsbach Ralf , Hein Lutz , Fleischmann Bernd K , Wu Sean M , Lange Rüdiger , Krane Markus 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Aims
The contribution of resident stem or progenitor cells to cardiomyocyte renewal after injury in adult mammalian hearts remains a matter of considerable debate. We evaluated a cell population in the adult mouse heart induced by myocardial infarction (MI) and characterized by an activated Nkx2.5 enhancer element that is specific for multipotent cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) during embryonic development. We hypothesized that these MI-induced cells (MICs) harbour cardiomyogenic properties similar to their embryonic counterparts.

Methods and results
MICs reside in the heart and mainly localize to the infarction area and border zone. Interestingly, gene expression profiling of purified MICs 1 week after infarction revealed increased expression of stem cell markers and embryonic cardiac transcription factors (TFs) in these cells as compared to the non-mycoyte cell fraction of adult hearts. A subsequent global transcriptome comparison with embryonic CPCs and fibroblasts and in vitro culture of MICs unveiled that (myo-)fibroblastic features predominated and that cardiac TFs were only expressed at background levels.

Conclusions
Adult injury-induced reactivation of a cardiac-specific Nkx2.5 enhancer element known to specifically mark myocardial progenitor cells during embryonic development does not reflect hypothesized embryonic cardiomyogenic properties. Our data suggest a decreasing plasticity of cardiac progenitor (-like) cell populations with increasing age. A re-expression of embryonic, stem or progenitor cell features in the adult heart must be interpreted very carefully with respect to the definition of cardiac resident progenitor cells. Albeit, the abundance of scar formation after cardiac injury suggests a potential to target predestinated activated profibrotic cells to push them towards cardiomyogenic differentiation to improve regeneration.
Innovative assembly strategy contributes to understanding the evolution and conservation genetics of the endangered Solenodon paradoxus from the island of Hispaniola
Authors: Grigorev Kirill , Kliver Sergey , Dobrynin Pavel , Komissarov Aleksey , Wolfsberger Walter , Krasheninnikova Ksenia , Afanador-Hernández Yashira M , Brandt Adam L , Paulino Liz A , Carreras Rosanna , Rodríguez Luis E , Núñez Adrell , Brandt Jessica R , Silva Filipe , Hernández-Martich J David , Majeske Audrey J , Antunes Agostinho , Roca Alfred L , O'Brien Stephen J , Martínez-Cruzado Juan Carlos , Oleksyk Taras K 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Solenodons are insectivores that live in Hispaniola and Cuba. They form an isolated branch in the tree of placental mammals that are highly divergent from other eulipothyplan insectivores The history, unique biology, and adaptations of these enigmatic venomous species could be illuminated by the availability of genome data. However, a whole genome assembly for solenodons has not been previously performed, partially due to the difficulty in obtaining samples from the field. Island isolation and reduced numbers have likely resulted in high homozygosity within the Hispaniolan solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus). Thus, we tested the performance of several assembly strategies on the genome of this genetically impoverished species. The string graph–based assembly strategy seemed a better choice compared to the conventional de Bruijn graph approach due to the high levels of homozygosity, which is often a hallmark of endemic or endangered species. A consensus reference genome was assembled from sequences of 5 individuals from the southern subspecies (S. p. woodi). In addition, we obtained an additional sequence from 1 sample of the northern subspecies (S. p. paradoxus). The resulting genome assemblies were compared to each other and annotated for genes, with an emphasis on venom genes, repeats, variable microsatellite loci, and other genomic variants. Phylogenetic positioning and selection signatures were inferred based on 4,416 single-copy orthologs from 10 other mammals. We estimated that solenodons diverged from other extant mammals 73.6 million years ago. Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphism variation allowed us to infer population demography, which supported a subspecies split within the Hispaniolan solenodon at least 300 thousand years ago.
A toolkit to study seabird–fishery interactions
Authors: Le Bot Tangi , Lescroël Amélie , Grémillet David 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Seabirds and fisheries have been interacting from ancient times, sometimes with mutual benefits: Seabirds provided fishermen with visual cues of fish aggregations, and also fed upon food subsids generated by fishing activities. Yet fisheries and seabirds may also compete for the same resources, and their interactions can lead to additional seabird mortality through accidental bycatch and diminishing fishing efficiency, threatening vulnerable seabird populations. Understanding these complex relationships is essential for conservation strategies, also because it could enhance and ease discussion between stakeholders, towards a common vision for marine ecosystem management. As an aid in this process, we reviewed 510 scientific publications dedicated to seabirds–fisheries interactions, and compiled a methodological toolkit. Methods employed therein serve four main purposes: (i) Implementing distribution overlap analyses, to highlight areas of encounter between seabirds and fisheries (ii) Analysing movement and behavioural patterns using finer-scale information, to characterize interaction types (iii) Investigating individual-scale feeding ecology, to assess fisheries impacts at the scale of bird populations, and (iv) Quantifying the impacts of seabird–fishery interactions on seabird demography and population trends. This latter step allows determining thresholds and tipping points with respect to ecological sustainability. Overall, we stress that forthcoming studies should integrate those multiple approaches, in order to identify and promote best practices towards ecosystem-based fisheries management and ecologically sound marine spatial planning.