bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Introgression of Sex Chromosome Markers in the Mexican Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata × A. pigra) Hybrid Zone
Authors: Cortés-Ortiz Liliana , Baiz Marcella D. , Hermida-Lagunes Javier , García-Orduña Francisco , Rangel-Negrín Ariadna , Kitchen Dawn M. , Bergman Thore J. , Dias Pedro A. D. , Canales-Espinosa Domingo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInterspecific hybridization allows the introgression or movement of alleles from one genome to another. While some genomic regions freely exchange alleles during hybridization, loci associated with reproductive isolation do not intermix. In many model organisms, the X chromosome displays limited introgression compared to autosomes owing to the presence of multiple loci associated with hybrid sterility or inviability (the “large X-effect”). Similarly, if hybrids are produced, the heterogametic sex is usually inviable or sterile, a pattern known as Haldane’s rule. We analyzed the patterns of introgression of genetic markers located in the mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear (autosomal microsatellites and sex chromosome genes) genomes of two howler monkey species (Alouatta palliataandA. pigra) that form a natural hybrid zone in southern Mexico, to evaluate whether the large X-effect and Haldane’s rule affect the outcomes of hybridization between these sister species. To identify the level of admixture of each individual in the hybrid zone (N = 254) we analyzed individuals sampled outside the hybrid zone (109A. pigraand 39A. palliata) to determine allele frequencies of parental species and estimated a hybrid index based on nuclear markers. We then performed a cline analysis using individuals in the hybrid zone to determine patterns of introgression for each locus. Our analyses show that although the hybrid zone is bimodal (with no known F1 s and few recent generation hybrids) and quite narrow, there has been extensive introgression in both directions, and there is a large array of admixed individuals in the hybrid zone. Mitochondrial and most autosomal markers showed bidirectional introgression, but some had biased introgression toward one species or the other. All markers on the sex chromosomes and a few autosomal markers showed highly restricted introgression. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that the sex chromosomes make a disproportionate contribution to reproductive isolation, and our results broaden the taxonomic representation of these patterns across animal taxa.
Structural and compositional dynamics of strictly protected woodland communities with silvicultural implications, using Białowieża Forest as an example
Authors: Brzeziecki Bogdan , Bielak Kamil , Bolibok Leszek , Drozdowski Stanisław , Zajączkowski Jacek , Żybura Henryk 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

• Key message

Long-term strict protection of woodland communities may lead to their compositional simplification and homogenisation.

• Context

In the past, it has often been postulated that structures and processes typical for natural forests should be mimicked by silvicultural activities in the case of managed tree stands.

• Aims

To determine which features and traits of natural woodland communities (alongside typical old-growth attributes) should be imitated in managed forests, as well as which should not (and for what reasons).

• Methods

Tree data from five permanent study plots (of a total area of 15.44 ha) established in 1936 in the core area of the Białowieża National Park (NE Poland) are used to calculate several quantitative indices describing the temporal dynamics (in terms of stand structure and composition) of eight major woodland community types.

• Results

Most structural attributes revealed rather high stability over time. In contrast to these, during the observation period, noticeable changes in the composition of particular Białowieża woodland communities have been taking place, related to declining occurrence and reduced roles characteristic for a large number of tree species.

• Conclusion

In many ways, natural forests can serve as an important model for managed forest stands. However, in certain circumstances, silvicultural treatments counteracting natural developmental trends may appear to be indispensable, especially when more diverse and stable tree species composition (at a given spatial and temporal scale) is indicated or desirable.
Hypertrophied appendix epiploica strangulated in inguinal canal presenting as acute abdomen: A case report
Authors: Luong Thien Vinh , El-Hussuna Alaa 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Different illnesses can affect the Epiploic Appendices (EA) of the Colon. Strangulation of the EA has previously been described inside a hernia sack associated with bowel herniation, but it is rarely presented as the only entity. This is the first case where a hypertrophied EA presented as acute abdomen mimicking a strangulated inguinal hernia.

Presentation of the case:
We present a case of a 71-year-old male who was admitted to the emergency department with acute pain around the left inguinal area. A firm mass measuring 5 × 6 cm had appeared sneezing, and had persisted for 24 hours with no nausea or vomiting. The patient had normal bowel motion on the same day. The hernia was not reducible. Because of suspicion of bowel strangulation inside the hernia sack, acute surgical intervention was performed. A hypertrophied EA was found in the hernia sack and treated with open herniotomy. The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged in good health four days following the operation.

Discussion:
Epiploic appendagitis caused by inflammation or strangulation can mimic other causes of acute abdomen but often presents a less severe clinical picture. The patient suffered from a strangulated hernia containing a hypertrophic EA. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a hypertrophied EA inside an inguinal hernia requiring immediate operation.

Conclusion:
Hypertrophied EA can mimic a strangulated hernia. High index of suspicion is needed to diagnose this rare condition. Surgical intervention can both confirm the diagnosis and treat the condition.

Highlights:
Geologic structure of the Mukodek gold field (northern Transbaikalia) and sources of matter (Pb–Pb and Sm–Nd data)
Authors: Vanin V.A. , Chugaev A.V. , Demonterova E.I. , Gladkochub D.P. , Mazukabzov A.M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Mukodek gold field is located in the Yana zone of the Baikal–Muya fold belt (northern Transbaikalia). Its orebodies are gold-bearing metasomatites confined to the fault of NE strike. It is shown that pre-ore faults played a crucial role in the spatial localization of the orebodies, as they favored the concentration of ore-bearing fluids. Results of geological and structural studies, along with available geochronological data (40Ar–39Ar dates for micas in gold-bearing pyrite), testify to ore-forming processes in the ore field during two Late Paleozoic stages. Early gold-bearing metasomatites of sericite–chlorite–albite–ankerite–quartz composition formed at 320 Ma, and late gold-bearing vein metasomatites of ankerite(calcite)–quartz composition originated at 285 Ma. A Pb–Pb isotope study of gold mineralization has shown that ore lead was supplied into the mineral-forming system mainly from a mantle source, most likely, regional Neoproterozoic igneous rocks. According to Sm–Nd isotope data, these rocks formed with the participation of a material of mantle genesis.
Faults in the Baikal region: morphostructural and structure-genetic features (case study of the Buguldeika fault junction)
Authors: Cheremnykh A.V. , Cheremnykh A.S. , Bobrov A.A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Lineament analysis is applied to map the pattern of the Obruchev fault system in the Buguldeika Village area, where several fault zones (Olkhon, Primorsky, Prikhrebtovyi, Buguldeika, and Kurtun) make up a junction. As inferred from the predominant directions of genetically related lineaments, the Olkhon, Primorsky, and Prikhrebtovyi faults originated under NW–SE extension and compression. The extension and compression settings within these zones are reconstructed by analysis of lineaments that have prominent and poor geomorphic expression, respectively. However, the pattern of lineaments well expressed in the surface topography within a weakly deformed block corresponds to reverse slip, while that of poorly pronounced lineaments corresponds to left-lateral strike slip. The study confirms the idea that the latest extension (rifting) stage in the Baikal region reactivated fault zones but did not deform blocks. The blocks store record of residual deformation produced by previous settings of regional compression and shear. The obtained results agree with earlier tectonophysical analysis of faults and fractures in the area and prove the applicability of the suggested approach to map the fault patterns and reconstruct their respective stress settings in areas that underwent multiple deformation events of different ages.
Interstratified illite–smectite phases: formation mechanisms and practical applications
Authors: Krinari G.A. , Khramchenkov M.G. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Secondary micas after smectite, including mix illite–smectite phases, can form in sediments by three mechanisms, each being specific to particular environments. As the process develops, the newly formed phases undergo structure ordering. Two mechanisms involve transformation of 2:1 mixed-layer structures, and the third is the growth of screw dislocations, with formation of ordered mix phases having a Reichweite parameter of R = 1 or R = 2. We propose methods for identifying such phases when they are present in small amounts or when their XRD patterns lack well-pronounced superperiodic reflections, as well as mathematical formalism for illitization modeling. The theoretical issues are illustrated with field examples, and the illitization mechanisms are discussed in terms of their possible practical applications.
Formation of methane concentration and electromagnetic-field anomalies in southwestern Peter the Great Gulf
(Sea of Japan)
Authors: Burov B.A. , Obzhirov A.I. , Gresov A.I. , Salomatin A.S. , Maltseva E.V. , Telegin Yu.A. , Yugai I.G. , Yatsuk A.V. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We report methane concentrations in the bottom water layer and the upper layer of bottom sediments and the results of acoustic explorations of methane seeps on the shelf bordering the continental slope of the Sea of Japan region, in which electromagnetic Schumann’s resonance oscillations were earlier recorded at continental-slope water depths of 500, 1000, and 2000 m. The occurrence of Schumann’s resonances at such great depths is explained by an increase (a factor of more than 25) in the electrical resistivity of a ~2000 m thick sediment layer with the pore space largely filled with free methane. A new method is proposed for determining the depth of the sources of anomalous concentrations of methane in bottom sediments or in the bottom water layer on a deep shelf. The method is based on recording Schumann’s resonances during measurements of the natural electric field at a series of increasing depths in areas bordering the continental slope.
Particle fountains in a confined environment
Authors: Lippert Martin C. , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: September 2018

We present new experiments and theoretical models of the motion of relatively dense particles carried upwards by a liquid jet into a laterally confined space filled with the same liquid. The incoming jet is negatively buoyant and rises to a finite height, at which the dense mixture of liquid and particles, diluted by the entrainment of ambient liquid, falls back to the floor. The mixture further dilutes during the collapse and then spreads out across the floor and supplies an up-flow outside the fountain equal to the source volume flux plus the total entrained volume flux. The fate of the particles depends on the particle fall speed,
$u_{fall}$
, compared to (i) the characteristic fountain velocity in the fountain core,
$u_{F}$
, (ii) the maximum upward velocity in the ambient fluid outside the fountain,
$u_{u}(0)$
, which occurs at the base of the fountain, and (iii) the upward velocity in the ambient fluid above the top of the fountain associated with the original volume flux in the liquid jet,
$u_{BG}$
. From this comparison we identify four regimes. (I) If
$u_{fall}>u_{F}$
, then the particles separate from the fountain and settle on the floor. (II) If
$u_{F}>u_{fall}>u_{u}(0)$
, the particles are carried to the top of the fountain but then settle as the collapsing flow around the fountain spreads out across the floor; we do not observe particle suspension in the background flow. (III) For
$u_{u}(0)>u_{fall}>u_{BG}$
we observe a particle-laden layer outside the fountain which extends from the floor of the tank to a point below the top of the fountain. The density of this lower particle-laden layer equals the density of the collapsing fountain fluid as it passes downwards through this interface. The collapsing fluid then spreads out horizontally through the depth of this particle-laden layer, instead of continuing downwards around the rising fountain. In the lower layer, the negatively buoyant source fluid in fact rises as a negatively buoyant jet, but this transitions into a fountain above the upper interface of the particle-laden layer. The presence of the particles in the lower layer reduces the density difference between fountain and environment, leading to an increase in the fountain height. (IV) If
$u_{fall}<u_{BG}$
then an ascending front of particles rises above the fountain and eventually fills the entire tank up to the level where fluid is removed from the tank. We compare the results of a series of new laboratory experiments with simple theoretical investigations for each case, and discuss the relevance of our results.
Inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of psychological empowerment
Authors: Javed Basharat , Abdullah Iqra , Zaffar Muhmmad Adeel , Haque Adnan ul , Rubab Ume 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this article, we explored the relationship between inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior with the mediating role of psychological empowerment. We collected data from employees in the information technology and cargo sectors within the United Kingdom and Canada. The results revealed that inclusive leadership was positively related to innovative work behavior both directly and indirectly through psychological empowerment. Cognitive evaluation theory was used to support the findings. Implications of the study were discussed.
Best of the Best: A Comparison of Factor Models
Authors: Ahmed Shamim , Bu Ziwen , Tsvetanov Daniel 
Published: September 2018

We compare major factor models and find that the Stambaugh and Yuan (2016) 4-factor model is the overall winner in the time-series domain. The Hou, Xue, and Zhang (2015) q-factor model takes second place and the Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model and the Barillas and Shanken (2018) 6-factor model jointly take third place. The pairwise cross-sectional R2 and the multiple model comparison tests show that the Hou et al. (2015) q-factor model, the Fama and French (2015) 5-factor and 4-factor models, and the Barillas and Shanken (2018) 6-factor model take equal first place in the horse race.
‘Satan's bludy clawses’: how religious persecution, exile and radicalisation moulded British Protestant identities
Authors: Dawson Jane E. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe study examines the radicalisation experienced by one group of religious exiles in the middle of the sixteenth century. The English-speaking congregation in Geneva formed in 1555 produced a Bible, metrical psalter and order of worship that shaped the Anglophone Reformed tradition. Study of the congregation's output shows how watching the martyrdoms in England generated a dynamic anger and fresh interpretations of persecution, tyranny and resistance. Conveyed by the worship texts, this radical legacy passed into the identities of Reformed Protestants in the British Isles, the Atlantic world and subsequently across the globe.
The grammar of the gospel: justification as a theological criterion in the Reformation and in Paul's letter to the Galatians
Authors: Linebaugh Jonathan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSince at least the time of Albert Schweitzer's attempt to move justification fromdie Mitteto the margins, the question of the centre of Paul's theology has included a criticism of the Reformation's classification of justification as ‘the lord, ruler, and judge’ of theology. For the reformers, however, this designation is not so much a claim about the centrality of the vocabulary of justification as it is a claim about the grammar of the gospel: justification, because it is articulated as an antithesis, says both what the gospel is not and what the gospel is. With this understanding of the theological function of justification in view, the role of justification in Paul's letter to the Galatians can be reconsidered: the antithetical grammar of justification is a critical and hermeneutical criterion in Galatians, both identifying and negating the ‘other gospel’ even as it picks out and proclaims ‘the gospel of Christ’.
Waterbird Communities in Subsidence Wetlands Created by Underground Coal Mining in China: Effects of Multi-Scale Environmental and Anthropogenic Variables
Authors: Li Chunlin , Yang Sen , Zha Daode , Zhang Yong , de Boer Willem F. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryUnderground coal mining in the North China Plain has created large-scale subsidence wetlands that may attract waterbirds that use them as complementary habitats. However, no study has been conducted to understand avian use of these created wetlands, inhibiting the formulation of effective management plans. Here, we carried out 12 semi-monthly surveys in 55 subsidence wetlands during the 2016–2017 migration and wintering period and performed direct multivariate analyses, combined with variance partitioning, to test the effects of multi-scale habitat variables on the waterbird assemblages. A total of 89 349 waterbirds representing 60 species were recorded, with seasonal fluctuations in species richness and bird abundance. Waterbird community structures were shaped by four groups of variables at local, landscape and human levels with different effects among seasons. Anthropogenic disturbance was the most important factor group, negatively affecting most guilds. Waterbirds in this human-dominated environment are under a variety of potential threats that should be further studied. The subsidence wetlands are still expanding, and if managed effectively, may provide important complementary habitats for a wide array of waterbird species, particularly for those migrating along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Our study provides key baseline data regarding the waterbird communities and may help with the designing of effective management and conservation plans.
Cardiovascular risk factors in relation to dietary patterns in 50-year-old men and women: a feasibility study of a short FFQ
Authors: Persson Christina E , Rothenberg Elisabet , Hansson Per-Olof , Welin Catharina , Strandhagen Elisabeth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the feasibility of a simple new fifteen-item FFQ as a tool for screening risk of poor dietary patterns in a healthy middle-aged population and to investigate how the results of the FFQ correlated with cardiovascular risk factors and socio-economic factors.DesignA randomized population-based cross-sectional study. Metabolic measurements for cardiovascular risk factors and information about lifestyle were collected. A fifteen-item FFQ was created to obtain information about dietary patterns. From the FFQ, a healthy eating index was created with three dietary groups: good, average and poor. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess relationships between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors.SettingSweden.SubjectsMen and women aged 50 years and living in Gothenburg, Sweden.ResultsIn total, 521 middle-aged adults (257 men, 264 women) were examined. With good dietary pattern as the reference, there was a gradient association of having obesity, hypertension and high serum TAG in those with average and poor dietary patterns. After adjustment for education and lifestyle factors, individuals with a poor dietary pattern still had significantly higher risk (OR; 95 % CI) of obesity (2·33; 1·10, 4·94), hypertension (2·73; 1·44, 5·20) and high serum TAG (2·62; 1·33, 5·14) compared with those with a good dietary pattern.ConclusionsBaseline data collected by a short FFQ can predict cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Swedish men and women. The FFQ could be a useful tool in health-care settings, when screening for risk of poor dietary patterns.
Enabling reasoning with LegalRuleML
Authors: LAM HO-PUN , HASHMI MUSTAFA 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn order to automate verification process, regulatory rules written in natural language need to be translated into a format that machines can understand. However, none of the existing formalisms can fully represent the elements that appear in legal norms. For instance, most of these formalisms do not provide features to capture the behavior of deontic effects, which is an important aspect in automated compliance checking. This paper presents an approach for transforming legal norms represented using legalruleml to a variant of modal defeasible logic (and vice versa) such that a legal statement represented using LegalRuleML can be transformed into a machine-readable format that can be understood and reasoned about depending upon the client's preferences.
Differential Germination Characteristics of Dicamba-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Populations in Response to Temperature
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Jha Prashant , Lim Charlemagne A. , Stahlman Phillip W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDicamba-resistant (DR) kochia [Bassia scoparia(L.) A. J. Scott] has been reported in six U.S. states and one Canadian province. To develop effectiveB. scopariacontrol tactics, it is necessary to understand the seed germination pattern of DRB. scoparia. The objective of this study was to compare the germination characteristics of DR versus dicamba-susceptible (DS)B. scopariapopulations from Montana and Kansas under constant (5 to 35 C) and/or alternating temperatures (5/10 to 30/35 C). DRB. scoparialines from Montana were generated after three generations of recurrent selection of field-collected populations with dicamba. Seeds of DR or DS lines from Kansas were obtained after one generation of restricted self-pollination. DRB. scoparialines from both Montana and Kansas had a lower maximum cumulative germination than the DS lines across all temperature treatments. A majority of DRB. scoparialines from Montana showed a temperature-mediated seed germination response, with a higher thermal requirement (30 to 35 C or 25/30 to 30/35 C) to attain the maximum cumulative germination compared with DS lines. Germination rates at 5 to 30 C were lower for DR versus DSB. scoparialines from Kansas. All DR lines from Montana took more time than DS lines to initiate germination at 5 and 10 C or 5/10 and 20/25 C. Similarly, there was a delayed onset of germination of the DR versus DS line from Kansas at 5, 10, 15, and 20 C. Furthermore, the DRB. scopariafrom both Kansas and Montana had a slower germination pattern relative to the DSB. scoparia. Diversified crop rotations using winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), fall-sown cover crops, or early-spring planted crops (e.g., wheat or barley [Hordeum vulgareL.]) that are competitive against late-emergingB. scopariain conjunction with strategic tillage and late-season weed control tactics should be used to facilitate depletion of DRB. scopariaseedbanks.