bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prayer House of a Galician Maskil: Joseph Perl's Synagogue Regulations
Authors: Manekin Rachel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne of the markers of the emerging Reform movement in the first quarter of the nineteenth century was the publication of synagogue regulations that introduced new norms of decorum and, occasionally, slight changes in the prayer service. Scholarly discussions of the first synagogue regulations have been limited to the available published regulations, namely, the Westphalian (1810) and Amsterdam's Adat Jesurun regulations (1809). The recently discovered regulations composed by Joseph Perl for his synagogue in Tarnopol (1815) enable us for the first time to consider an east European perspective for understanding the different varieties of the new trend of synagogue innovations in the early nineteenth century. In addition to an analysis of Perl's regulations, the following article explains the circumstances in which Perl's synagogue project took shape, and highlights the historiographical significance of his synagogue regulations. I argue that Perl may be credited as the first to suggest a religious path that was both traditionalist and modern, a path that later characterized the synagogue innovations in several Habsburg cities. An English translation of the regulations is provided in an appendix.
Social Dominance Orientation and Discrimination against People with Schizophrenia: Evidence of Medicalization and Dangerousness Beliefs as Legitimizing Myths
Authors: Lampropoulos Dimitrios , Apostolidis Thémis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMedicalizing beliefs about schizophrenia (biogenetic causes and psychiatric labels) are connected to the belief that people with schizophrenia are dangerous and to discriminating intentions towards them. In this research, we draw on the Social Dominance theory and we examine these beliefs as legitimizing myths that are connected to the individuals’ social dominance orientation (SDO) and that legitimize discrimination. In total, 238 Humanities students participated in the current research (Mage = 20.4; SD = 3.03; 107 male and 131 female). A vignette presenting a person with schizophrenia symptoms that offered no labels or explanations about the depicted person’s condition was presented to research participants. A structural equation modeling analysis was carried out, in order to confirm our hypotheses in accordance with social dominance theory. Participants’ social dominance orientation (SDO) was associated with higher endorsement of medicalizing (β = .16, p < .01) and dangerousness beliefs (β = .22, p < .001). In turn, medicalizing beliefs were connected to dangerousness (β = .21, p < .001) and higher discriminating intentions, both for desired social distance (β = .15, p < .05) and for deprivation of sociopolitical rights (β = .14, p < .05). Dangerousness was highly associated with both these measures (β = .28, p < .001 and β = 43, p < .001 respectively) while SDO was not significantly associated with discriminating intentions. Our model showed good fit to the data. This study confirms the role of SDO in schizophrenia stigma and the fact that ideological and power factors underpin the stigma of schizophrenia.
The “Natural Ally” of the “Developing World”: Bulgarian Culture in India and Mexico
Authors: Dragostinova Theodora 
Published: October 2018

This article examines Bulgarian cultural relations with India and Mexico in the 1970s to explore the role of cultural diplomacy in the relationship between the Second and the Third Worlds during the Cold War. In 1975, Liudmila Zhivkova, the daughter of the Bulgarian leader, became the head of the Committee for Culture; under her patronage, Bulgarian officials organized literally hundreds of exhibitions, concerts, academic conferences, book readings, cultural weeks, and visits that involved the three countries in an intense cultural romance. Even though Bulgaria was known as the “Soviet master satellite,” culture provided a considerable level of independence in Bulgarian dealings with international actors, which often caused Soviet irritation. In the end, by using culture, in addition to political and economic aid, Bulgaria managed to forge its role as an intermediary between the Second World and the Global South, and to project its notions of development on a global scene.
Insight Into Frontal Seismogenic Zone in the Mentawai Locked Region From Seismic Full Waveform Inversion of Ultralong Offset Streamer Data
Authors: Qin Yanfang , Singh Satish C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSumatra subduction zone is one of the most seismically active zones on Earth. After having produced three Mw > 8.4 earthquakes and several Mw > 7.5 earthquakes, including the Mw = 7.8 2010 tsunami earthquake, the northern Mentawai segment is still locked and is capable of generating a great earthquake, possibly a disastrous tsunami. We analyzed ultralong offset seismic reflection data from this locked zone to characterize the nature of the accretionary prism and the plate interface using a combination of traveltime tomography, full waveform inversion, and prestack depth migration. In order to enhance the refractions, we downward extrapolate the streamer data to the seafloor, allowing the refraction arrivals to be observed from near‐zero offset up to far offset, and use a traveltime tomography to determine the background velocity in the upper sediments. Starting from these velocities, we perform a multiscale elastic full waveform inversion to determine the detailed P wave velocity structure of the subsurface. Based on this velocity, we perform a prestack depth migration to obtain seismic image in the depth domain and compute the porosity of the sediments to determine fluid content along faults. Our results show a low‐velocity subduction channel with high porosity at the plate interface that connects the likely active frontal thrusts at the toe of accretionary wedge, suggesting that the frontal section of the prism is seismogenic. We have also observed a low‐velocity layer in the middle of wedge separating old sediments below from new sediments above, defining the roots of bivergent thrust faults up to the seafloor, which can be interpreted as a psudo‐décollement.
Prediction of Solar Energetic Particle Event Peak Proton Intensity Using a Simple Algorithm Based on CME Speed and Direction and Observations of Associated Solar Phenomena
Authors: Richardson I. G. , Mays M. L. , Thompson B. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe assess whether a formula obtained by Richardson et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207‐014‐0524‐8) relating the peak intensity of 14‐ to 24‐MeV protons in a solar energetic particle (SEP) event at 1 AU to the solar event location and the speed of the associated coronal mass ejection (CME) may be used in a scheme to predict the intensity of an SEP event at any location at this heliocentric distance. Starting with all 334 CMEs in the CCMC/SWRC DONKI database in October 2011 to July 2012, we use the CME speed and direction to predict the proton intensity at Earth and the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft using this formula. Since most (∼85%) of these CMEs were not in fact associated with SEP events, many SEP events are predicted that are not actually observed. Such cases may be reduced by considering whether type II or type III radio emissions accompany the CMEs, or by selecting faster, wider CMEs. This method is also applied to predict the SEP intensities associated with ∼1,100 CMEs observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph during 1997–2006 in solar cycle 23. Various skill scores are calculated, which assess different aspects of the skill of the SEP predictions. We conclude that the Richardson et al. (2014) formula has potential as a simple empirical SEP intensity prediction tool.
Wdr13 and streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Authors: Mishra Arun Prakash , Yedella Komala , Lakshmi Jyothi B. , Siva Archana B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractType I diabetes, though contributes to only 5–10% of total diabetes cases, is a rising concern in today’s world. Our previous studies have shown that the absence of WDR13 in mouse results in pancreatic β-cell hyper-proliferation. Also, amelioration of the diabetic phenotype on introgression of Wdr13-null (Wdr13-/0) mutation in genetically diabetic mice (Leprdb/db) [type II diabetes] was observed. It was thus, interesting to see the role of WDR13 in streptozotocin-mediated diabetes in mice, a model for type I diabetes. Wdr13-/0 mice along with its wild type (Wdr13+/0 mice) littermates were administered streptozotocin intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. Blood glucose levels and body weights of these mice were monitored for subsequent 5 weeks and then they were sacrificed for physiological and histological analyses. Results showed that Wdr13-/0 mice exhibited higher serum insulin levels, better glucose clearance and significantly higher number of proliferating β-cells; reiterating the finding that absence of WDR13 helps in β-cell hyper-proliferation and recovery from diabetes; further underscoring WDR13 as a key target molecule for diabetes treatment/amelioration.
Transmembrane transport and stress response genes play an important role in adaptation of Arabidopsis halleri to metalliferous soils
Authors: Sailer Christian , Babst-Kostecka Alicja , Fischer Martin C. , Zoller Stefan , Widmer Alex , Vollenweider Pierre , Gugerli Felix , Rellstab Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhen plants adapt to local environments, strong signatures of selection are expected in the genome, particularly in high-stress environments such as trace metal element enriched (metalliferous) soils. UsingArabidopsis halleri, a model species for metal homeostasis and adaptation to extreme environments, we identifid genes, gene variants, and pathways that are associated with soil properties and may thus contribute to adaptation to high concentrations of trace metal elements. We analysed whole-genome Pool-seq data from two metallicolous (from metalliferous soils) and two non-metallicolous populations (in total 119 individuals) and associated allele frequencies of the identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with soil variables measured on site. Additionally, we accounted for polygenic adaptation by searching for gene pathways showing enrichment of signatures of selection. Out of >2.5 million SNPs, we identified 57 SNPs in 19 genes that were significantly associated with soil variables and are members of three enriched pathways. At least three of these candidate genes and pathways are involved in transmembrane transport and/or associated with responses to various stresses such as oxidative stress. We conclude that both allocation and detoxification processes play a crucial role inA. hallerifor coping with these unfavourable conditions.
“FlashMap” - A Semi-Automatic Tool for Rapid and Accurate Spatial Analysis of Marker Expression in the Subventricular Zone
Authors: Zweifel Stefan , Buquet Julie , Caruso Lorenzo , Rousseau David , Raineteau Olivier 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe subventricular zone (SVZ) is a region of ongoing postnatal germinal activity that shows complex spatial heterogeneity. For instance, different SVZ microdomains contain neural stem cells that express distinct transcription factors and generate different glial and neuronal progenies. These unique characteristics call for the development of new methods to integrate a spatial dimension to histological analyses performed in this germinal region. We developed “FlashMap”, a semi-automatic software that allows the segmentation and rapid measurement of optical densities throughout the full SVZ coordinates. “FlashMap” generates easily readable two-dimensional heatmaps that can be superimposed onto three-dimensional reconstructions of the ventricular system for optimal spatial exploration. Accurate heatmaps can be obtained, even following serial section subsampling thereby reducing the amount of tissue and time required for histological analysis. We first illustrate the potential of “FlashMap” by spatially exploring the correlation of SVZ thickness and cellular density with germinal activity throughout its rostro-caudal coordinates. We then used “FlashMap” to analyse the spatial expression of the transcription factors Dlx2, Tbr2 and Hopx as well as of the immature neuronal marker Dcx, to demonstrate the suitability of this approach to explore the regional production of cells of distinct lineages by defined SVZ microdomains.
Potential influence of temperature and precipitation on preterm birth rate in Puerto Rico
Authors: Yu Xue , Feric Zlatan , Cordero José F. , Meeker John D. , Alshawabkeh Akram 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe preterm birth (PTB) rate for singletons born in the tropical Caribbean island Puerto Rico increased from 11.3% in 1994, which was comparable to rates in the U.S., to as high as 18.3% in 2006 before decreasing to 15.5% in 2012. A few studies have reported that weather extremes are associated with higher risk of preterm birth, however, the effects of ambient temperature and precipitation has not been well examined in Puerto Rico. We compiled child birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics and weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration from 1994 to 2012. We explored the association between the weather factors and PTB rates with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). We did not find direct association of lagged effect of temperature on birth outcome over monthly timescales. Both high intensity and frequency of precipitation and high frequency of storm and flood events are associated with increased risk of PTB rates. While the weather factors do not explain the marked increase and decrease in PTB rate, we emphasize the negative effects on PTB from weather extremes particularly precipitation in Puerto Rico.
Lens-free microscopy for 3D + time acquisitions of 3D cell culture
Authors: Berdeu Anthony , Laperrousaz Bastien , Bordy Thomas , Mandula Ondrej , Morales Sophie , Gidrol Xavier , Picollet-D’hahan Nathalie , Allier Cédric 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThanks to a novel three-dimensional imaging platform based on lens-free microscopy, it is possible to perform multi-angle acquisitions and holographic reconstructions of 3D cell cultures directly into the incubator. Being able of reconstructing volumes as large as ~5 mm3 over a period of time covering several days, allows us to observe a broad range of migration strategies only present in 3D environment, whether it is single cell migration, collective migrations of cells and dispersal of cells. In addition we are able to distinguish new interesting phenomena, e.g. large-scale cell-to-matrix interactions (>1 mm), fusion of cell clusters into large aggregate (~10,000 µm2) and conversely, total dissociation of cell clusters into clumps of migrating cells. This work on a novel 3D + time lens-free microscopy technique thus expands the repertoire of phenomena that can be studied within 3D cell cultures.
The G-quadruplex fluorescent probe 3,6-bis(1-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridinium) carbazole diiodide as a biosensor for human cancers
Authors: Tseng Ting-Yuan , Chen Wei-Wen , Chu I-Te , Wang Chiung-Lin , Chang Cheng-Chung , Lin Mei-Chun , Lou Pei-Jen , Chang Ta-Chau 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, significantly more signals from 3,6-bis(1-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridinium) carbazole diiodide (o-BMVC) foci, characterized by the longer fluorescent decay time of o-BMVC, were detected in six types of cancer cells than in three types of normal cells. Accumulating evidence suggested that the o-BMVC foci are mainly the G-quadruplex foci. The large contrast in the number of o-BMVC foci can be considered as a common signature to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells. Further study of tissue biopsy showed that the o-BMVC test provides a high accuracy for clinical detection of head and neck cancers.
Bridging may help young female Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana learn to be a mother
Authors: Zhang Dao , Xia Dong-Po , Wang Xi , Zhang Qi-Xin , Sun Bing-Hua , Li Jin-Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAttraction to infants is a common feature of non-human primates. Frequent affiliative male-infant interactions have been observed in many multimale, multifemale groups of macaques, including a behaviour termed ‘bridging’ in which two male macaques simultaneously lift an infant. This behaviour has been suggested to serve as a positive affiliative interaction between the adult or subadult males. Female macaques display bridging in the same manner as males, but the function of this behaviour to females remains unknown. In this study, we examined evidence for the function and evolution of bridging in female Tibetan macaques within the framework of three hypotheses: the learning to mother, a side-effect of selection for appropriate maternal care, and alliance formation hypotheses. Our results showed that subadult females initiated more bridging than adult females. Females preferred to use infants for bridging when the infants were less than four weeks old. Female frequency of received bridging with higher-ranking females was not significantly different from their frequency of received bridging with lower-ranking females. Bridging frequency was not significantly different between dyads composed of related and unrelated females. Additionally, post-bridging grooming frequency was significantly higher than nonbridging grooming interactions, suggesting a social function for bridging. The results of our study supported the ‘learning to mother’ hypothesis, suggesting that bridging among female intrasexual dyads is a multi-functional, complex and differential evolutionary process.
Thermotaxis in Chlamydomonas is brought about by membrane excitation and controlled by redox conditions
Authors: Sekiguchi Masaya , Kameda Shigetoshi , Kurosawa Satoshi , Yoshida Megumi , Yoshimura Kenjiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTemperature is physiologically critical for all living organisms, which cope with temperature stress using metabolic and behavioral responses. In unicellular and some multicellular organisms, thermotaxis is a behavioral response to avoid stressful thermal environments and promote accumulation in an optimal thermal environment. In this study, we examined whether Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, demonstrated thermotaxis. We found that between 10 °C and 30 °C, Chlamydomonas cells migrated toward lower temperatures independent of cultivation temperature. Interestingly, when we applied reagents to change intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) conditions, we saw that thermotaxis was enhanced, suppressed, or reversed, depending on the redox conditions and cultivation temperature. Thermotaxis was almost absent in ppr2 and ppr3 mutants, which cannot swim backward because of a defect in generating calcium current in flagella. The frequency of spontaneous backward swimming was lower at more favorable temperature, suggesting a pivotal role of spontaneous backward swimming generated by flagellar membrane excitation.
“Infostery” analysis of short molecular dynamics simulations identifies highly sensitive residues and predicts deleterious mutations
Authors: Karami Yasaman , Bitard-Feildel Tristan , Laine Elodie , Carbone Alessandra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCharacterizing a protein mutational landscape is a very challenging problem in Biology. Many disease-associated mutations do not seem to produce any effect on the global shape nor motions of the protein. Here, we use relatively short all-atom biomolecular simulations to predict mutational outcomes and we quantitatively assess the predictions on several hundreds of mutants. We perform simulations of the wild type and 175 mutants of PSD95’s third PDZ domain in complex with its cognate ligand. By recording residue displacements correlations and interactions, we identify “communication pathways” and quantify them to predict the severity of the mutations. Moreover, we show that by exploiting simulations of the wild type, one can detect 80% of the positions highly sensitive to mutations with a precision of 89%. Importantly, our analysis describes the role of these positions in the inter-residue communication and dynamical architecture of the complex. We assess our approach on three different systems using data from deep mutational scanning experiments and high-throughput exome sequencing. We refer to our analysis as “infostery”, from “info” - information - and “steric” - arrangement of residues in space. We provide a fully automated tool, COMMA2 (www.lcqb.upmc.fr/COMMA2), that can be used to guide medicinal research by selecting important positions/mutations.
Identifying a miRNA signature for predicting the stage of breast cancer
Authors: Yerukala Sathipati Srinivasulu , Ho Shinn-Ying 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and one of the most common cancers among women. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as biomarkers due to their effective role in cancer diagnosis. This study proposes a support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier SVM-BRC to categorize patients with breast cancer into early and advanced stages. SVM-BRC uses an optimal feature selection method, inheritable bi-objective combinatorial genetic algorithm, to identify a miRNA signature which is a small set of informative miRNAs while maximizing prediction accuracy. MiRNA expression profiles of a 386-patient cohort of breast cancer were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. SVM-BRC identified 34 of 503 miRNAs as a signature and achieved a 10-fold cross-validation mean accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Matthews correlation coefficient of 80.38%, 0.79, 0.81, and 0.60, respectively. Functional enrichment of the 10 highest ranked miRNAs was analysed in terms of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology annotations. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the highest ranked miRNAs revealed that four miRNAs, hsa-miR-503, hsa-miR-1307, hsa-miR-212 and hsa-miR-592, were significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.
Learning Effects and the Sensory Organization Test: Influence of a Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Impairment
Authors: McNerney Kathleen M. , Coad Mary Lou , Burkard Robert F. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeHealthy young controls exhibit a learning effect after undergoing repeated administrations of the sensory organization test (SOT). The primary objective of the present experiment was to determine if an SOT learning effect is present in individuals with a unilateral vestibular impairment (UVI), and if so, whether it is different from healthy controls. The secondary objective was to determine if the learning effect is dependent on the time frame of repeated SOT assessments.MethodEleven individuals diagnosed with a UVI and 11 controls underwent 6 repetitions of the SOT over 2 visits (3 per visit all within 1 week). A second control group underwent 3 SOT repetitions, with each repetition separated by 1 week, to evaluate the time course of the SOT learning effect.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the UVI group and the control group. In addition, the magnitude of the learning effect was found to be similar regardless of the length of time that separated the repetitions.ConclusionsIf the SOT is to be used as a measure of improvement, the learning effect should be exhausted (which typically occurs following the third administration) prior to the introduction of therapy. Future research should further investigate the results from those with other vestibular pathologies.