bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Brief Report of Smoking Behaviors in Patients with Incidental Pulmonary Nodules: Associations with Communication and Risk Perception
Authors: Melzer Anne C , Golden Sara E , Wiener Renda Soylemez , Iaccarino Jonathan M , Slatore Christopher G 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Incidental pulmonary nodules (IPNs) are commonly found on routine chest imaging. Little is known about smoking behaviors among patients with IPNs or characteristics of patient-clinician communication that may contribute to these behaviors. We assessed the association of patient characteristics and communication quality with smoking behaviors and stage of change for tobacco cessation among patients with IPNs. Materials and methods: Prospective, repeated-measures, cohort study of current smokers and past-year quitters with IPNs treated within the Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System. Eligible patients had newly reported, incidental nodules <3 cm planned for non-urgent computed tomography (CT) follow-up. Our primary outcomes were changes in amount smoked and stage of change for tobacco cessation throughout the follow-up period. We used multivariable-adjusted generalized estimating equations for analyses. Results: We identified 37 current smokers and 9 recent quitters. By the final visit, 8 of 36 (22%) baseline smokers had quit and 2 of 7 (29%) recent quitters had resumed smoking. Of 40 respondents, 23 (58%) reported receiving any tobacco treatment (recommendation to quit, medication, and/or behavioral treatment) at least once during follow-up. We found no significant associations of high-quality communication, patient distress, self-perceived risk of lung cancer, and self-reported clinician-recommended smoking cessation interventions with decrease in amount smoked or positive stage of change. Conclusions: Many smokers and recent quitters with IPNs quit during follow-up, though nearly half reported no quit support. We found no association between communication quality or quit support and decreased smoking. The intensity of tobacco treatment offered may have been insufficient to affect behavior.
Development of the ACTIVE framework to describe stakeholder involvement in systematic reviews
Authors: Pollock Alex , Campbell Pauline , Struthers Caroline , Synnot Anneliese , Nunn Jack , Hill Sophie , Goodare Heather , Morris Jacqui , Watts Chris , Morley Richard 
Published: April 2019

Objectives Involvement of patients, health professionals, and the wider public (‘stakeholders’) is seen to be beneficial to the quality, relevance and impact of research and may enhance the usefulness and uptake of systematic reviews. However, there is a lack of evidence and resources to guide researchers in how to actively involve stakeholders in systematic reviews. In this paper, we report the development of the ACTIVE framework to describe how stakeholders are involved in systematic reviews. Methods We developed a framework using methods previously described in the development of conceptual frameworks relating to other areas of public involvement, including: literature searching, data extraction, analysis, and categorization. A draft ACTIVE framework was developed and then refined after presentation at a conference workshop, before being applied to a subset of 32 systematic reviews. Data extracted from these systematic reviews, identified in a systematic scoping review, were categorized against pre-defined constructs, including: who was involved, how stakeholders were recruited, the mode of involvement, at what stage there was involvement and the level of control or influence. Results The final ACTIVE framework described whether patients, carers and/or families, and/or other stakeholders (including health professionals, health decision makers and funders) were involved. We defined: recruitment as either open or closed; the approach to involvement as either one-time, continuous or combined; and the method of involvement as either direct or indirect. The stage of involvement in reviews was defined using the Cochrane Ecosystem stages of a review. The level of control or influence was defined according to the roles and activities of stakeholders in the review process, and described as the ACTIVE continuum of involvement. Conclusions The ACTIVE framework provides a structure with which to describe key components of stakeholder involvement within a systematic review, and we have used this to summarize how stakeholders have been involved in a subset of varied systematic reviews. The ACTIVE continuum of involvement provides a new model that uses tasks and roles to detail the level of stakeholder involvement. This work has contributed to the development of learning resources aimed at supporting systematic review authors and editors to involve stakeholders in their systematic reviews. The ACTIVE framework may support the decision-making of systematic review authors in planning how to involve stakeholders in future reviews.
Role of medical and molecular imaging in COPD
Authors: Myc Lukasz A. , Shim Yun M. , Laubach Victor E. , Dimastromatteo Julien 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is expected to climb on the podium of the leading causes of mortality worldwide in the upcoming decade. Clinical diagnosis of COPD has classically relied upon detecting irreversible airflow obstruction on pulmonary function testing as a global assessment of pulmonary physiology. However, the outcome is still not favorable to decrease mortality due to COPD. Progress made in both medical and molecular imaging fields are beginning to offer additional tools to address this clinical problem. This review aims to describe medical and molecular imaging modalities used to diagnose COPD and to select patients for appropriate treatments and to monitor response to therapy.
Two Tales of Song-Dynasty Painted Fans
Authors: Weitz Ankeney 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChinese painted fans from the Song dynasty survive in relatively large numbers owing to the protective brocade mounts in which later collectors placed them. At the time of their initial production, however, fan paintings were meant to be held in the hand and worn on the body. This two-part article first considers the contexts of production, consumption, and signification of painted fans in twelfth- and thirteenth-century China, particularly in the urban setting of the capital city at Hangzhou. It then turns to the painted fans' transformation into collectibles in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, with attention given to the aesthetic, political, and social nostalgia of the Song-Yuan transition, which continues to flavor the reception of these images down to the present day.
Supracellular migration – beyond collective cell migration
Authors: Shellard Adam , Mayor Roberto 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Collective cell migration is a highly complex process in which groups of cells move together. A fundamental question is how cell ensembles can migrate efficiently. In some cases, the group is no more than a collection of individual cells. In others, the group behaves as a supracellular unit, whereby the cell group could be considered as a giant ‘supracell’, the concept of which was conceived over a century ago. The development of recent tools has provided considerable evidence that cell collectives are highly cooperative, and their migration can better be understood at the tissue level, rather than at the cell level. In this Review, we will define supracellular migration as a type of collective cell migration that operates at a scale higher than the individual cells. We will discuss key concepts of supracellular migration, review recent evidence of collectives exhibiting supracellular features and argue that many seemingly complex collective movements could be better explained by considering the participating cells as supracellular entities.
Nephrotoxin‐Related Acute Kidney Injury and Predicting High‐Risk Medication Combinations in the Hospitalized Child
Authors: Yonekawa Karyn E , Zhou Chuan , Haaland Wren L , Wright Davene R 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDIn the hospitalized patient, nephrotoxin exposure is one potentially modifiable risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). Clinical decision support based on nephrotoxin ordering was developed at our hospital to assist inpatient providers with the prevention or mitigation of nephrotoxin‐related AKI. The initial decision support algorithm (Algorithm 1) was modified in order to align with a national AKI collaborative (Algorithm 2).OBJECTIVEOur first aim was to determine the impact of this alignment on the sensitivity and specificity of our nephrotoxin‐related AKI detection system. Second, if the system efficacy was found to be suboptimal, we then sought to develop an improved model.DESIGNA retrospective cohort study in hospitalized patients between December 1, 2013 and November 30, 2015 (N = 14,779) was conducted.INTERVENTIONSWith the goal of increasing nephrotoxin‐related AKI detection sensitivity, a novel model based on the identification of combinations of high‐risk medications was developed.RESULTSApplication of the algorithms to our nephrotoxin use and AKI data resulted in sensitivities of 46.9% (Algorithm 1) and 43.3% (Algorithm 2, P = .22) and specificities of 73.6% and 89.3%, respectively (P < .001). Our novel AKI detection model was able to deliver a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 70%.CONCLUSIONSModifications to our AKI detection system by adopting Algorithm 2, which included an expanded list of nephrotoxins and equally weighting each medication, did not improve our nephrotoxin‐related AKI detection. It did improve our system's specificity. Sensitivity increased by >50% when we applied a novel algorithm based on observed data with identification of key medication combinations.
Timing and method of oral refeeding in mild acute pancreatitis: a systematic review
Authors: Hanson Allison , Hewlings Susan 
Published: April 2019

Background: Optimal timing and method of oral refeeding in mild acute pancreatitis (AP) is unclear. Aims: To identify the optimal timing and method of oral refeeding in patients with mild AP. Methods: PubMed and CINAHL were searched to identify randomised control trials (RCTs) for inclusion, and risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Results: A total of 10 RCTs were included, six trials assessing timing of oral refeeding and five trials assessing method of oral refeeding. Early refeeding was associated with reduced length of hospital stay (LoHS) in five out of six trials. An immediate full caloric diet was associated with reduced LoHS in two out of five trials. There was a statistical increase in calories consumed in the group receiving immediate full caloric diets in three trials. There were no adverse events. Conclusion: Early oral refeeding can safely reduce LoHS in patients with mild AP. Refeeding with an immediate full caloric diet is safe and can increase calories consumed, but it does not decrease LoHS.
El tema de la emigración ilegal en El viaje de los cantores de Hugo Salcedo
Authors: Katona Eszter 
Published: April 2019

El tema de la emigración es un motivo constante en el teatro mexicano de los siglos XX y XXI. Desde Los que vuelven (1933), de Juan Bustillo Oro, hasta Nueva York versus El Zapotito (2010), de Verónica Musalem, el teatro siempre ha sido sensible a este problema que incluye conflictos tanto socio-políticos como culturales y psicológicos. El artículo quiere enfocar la atención en el destino de los emigrantes indocumentados a través de la obra teatral El viaje de los cantores (1987), de Hugo Salcedo, drama clave del teatro mexicano contemporáneo, cuya actualidad no ha disminuido en las últimas tres décadas.
Aktivitas Antagonis Bakteri yang Berasosiasi dengan Teritip (Balanus sp.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Bacillus cereus
Authors: Wismayanti Gita , Sedjati Sri , Trianto Agus 
Published: April 2019

Marine invertebrates are the most productive source of bioactive compounds. However, most of the compounds originally produced by the microorganisms living associated with the invertebrates. Barnacle is an invertebrate that has a unique interaction with bacteria. Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus are the cause of the foodborne disease that causes of remarkedly losses in the food industry. The barnacle was collected from Panjang Island, Jepara. The bacterial isolates were obtained by serial dilution followed by isolation based on morphological characteristics. The antagonistic assay to E. coli dan B. cereus was utilized for screened the isolates. Then, the active isolates were cultured for the further test with the disc diffusion agar method of the supernatant followed by the extracts. The most active isolates were identified based on molecular method. A total of 14 isolates were obtained from the Balanus sp., which six of them have activity against the E. coli and B. cereus. The isolates TJ 5.4 and TJ 5.5 have the strongest activity the bacteria. Base on the analyses of the BLAST and phylogenetic tree the isolates showed 99% homology the Bacillus wiedmannii (TJ 5.4) and Lysinibacillus macroides (TJ 5.5). Invertebrata laut merupakan salah satu sumber bahan bioaktif yang paling produktif. Sebagian senyawa yang terdapat dalam biota laut, sejatinya diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme yang hidup berasosiasi dengan biota laut tersebut. Teritip merupakan salah satu hewan invertebrata yang memiliki berbagai interaksi unik dengan bakteri. Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Bacillus cereus merupakan dua dari beberapa bakteri patogen yang sering menjadi agen penyebab foodborne disease. Teritip dikoleksi dari Pulau Panjang, Jepara. Isolat bakteri diperoleh dengan metoda pengenceran bertingkat dan dilanjutkan isolasi berdasarkan karakteristik morfologis. Uji antagonis terhadap E. coli dan B. cereus digunakan untuk menskrining bioaktivitas isolat. Isolat yang aktif dikultur untuk uji lanjut yaitu supernatant dan dilanjutkan ekstraknya dengan metoda disc diffusion agar. Bakteri yang paling aktif diidentifikasi secara molekuler untuk mengetahui spesiesnya. Sebanyak 14 isolat bakteri diperoleh dari Balanus sp. dimana enam diantaranya memiliki aktivitas terhadap bakteri uji. Isolat TJ 5.4 dan TJ 5.5 memiliki aktivitas paling kuat terhadap E. coli dan B. cereus. Berdasarkan pengolahan sekuen dan analisis pohon filogenetik, dua isolat bakteri tersebut memiliki homologi 99% terhadap bakteri Bacillus wiedmannii (TJ 5.4) dan Lysinibacillus macroides (TJ 5.5).
The Heavy Metal Contamination in Shallow Groundwater at Coastal Areas of Surabaya East Java Indonesia
Authors: Rochaddi Baskoro , Atmodjo Warsito , Satriadi Alfi , Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Irwani Irwani , Widada Sugeng 
Published: April 2019

The present study was conducted to assess the level of heavy metal contamination in shallow aquifer of Surabaya coastal areas. Six heavy metals (Arsenic, Mercury, Chromium, Lead, Cupper and Magnesium) of contaminant have been determined in the shallow groundwater. The samples were then analyzed by using Atomic Absorbent Spectrometry gas and followed by using the method of Standard Method Examination. The result indicated that shallow groundwater in Surabaya has been contaminated by Arsenic (0.243 ppm) and Magnesium (1.262 ppm). Another heavy metal such as Mercury, Chromium, Lead, and Cupper showed bellow detected. This study has proven the presence of heavy metal as specially Arsenic and Magnesium has been contain in shallow aquifer supplies in the coastal areas of Surabaya.
From everyday speech to literary style: The decline of the distant address De in Norwegian during the twentieth century
Authors: Nesse Agnete 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChange in norms for the use of address forms and change in the actual usage of these forms are an important part of the history of any language. By investigating how certain grammatical features are chosen for specific pragmatic meaning, we deepen our understanding of the relationship between language and society. These changes can be described from several angles by focussing on intralinguistic factors (which linguistic features are used) or on social factors. In this article, we will take both perspectives into consideration by looking at the forms of pronominal address that have been used in Norway, as well as how and why they have changed. The data is drawn primarily from radio and weekly magazines, the popular media of the twentieth century.
New speaker paradigm and historical sociolinguistics: Dynamics between Florentines and learners in early modern Italy
Authors: Serra Eleonora 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to assess whether the emerging research paradigm of the new speaker may be useful in the study of language history. This question is tackled by exploring the dynamics which arose between Florentines and non-Florentine learners in sixteenth-century Italy. At the time, notwithstanding the peninsula’s linguistic fragmentation, the written language came to be progressively standardised around an archaic variety of Florentine (the fourteenth-century vernacular used by Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio). Florentines, initially, had no active role in this process and literary Florentine was living an autonomous life, becoming, at the written level, a “learner” variety progressively influenced by its new users. If at first Florentines themselves saw the emerging exogenous written standard in negative terms, they were not immune to its influence – an influence which grew stronger as the century progressed. The dynamics which arose between Florentines and learners concerning linguistic ownership appear similar to the ones which exist between “traditional” linguistic minorities and new speakers in some present-day revitalisation contexts. It is argued that the “new speaker” lens, mainly employed in the field of endangered languages, is valuable for capturing the dynamics which emerge between different groups during historical processes of language standardisation.
Corrective Muscle Activity Reveals Subject-Specific Sensorimotor Recalibration
Authors: Iturralde Pablo A. , Torres-Oviedo Gelsy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent studies suggest that planned and corrective actions are recalibrated during some forms of motor adaptation. However, corrective (also known as reactive) movements in human locomotion are thought to simply reflect sudden environmental changes independently from sensorimotor recalibration. Thus, we asked whether corrective responses can indicate the motor system’s adapted state following prolonged exposure to a novel walking situation inducing sensorimotor adaptation. We recorded electromyographic (EMG) signals bilaterally on 15 leg muscles before, during, and after split-belts walking (i.e., novel walking situation), in which the legs move at different speeds. We exploited the rapid temporal dynamics of corrective responses upon unexpected speed transitions to isolate them from the overall motor output. We found that corrective muscle activity was structurally different following short versus long exposures to split-belts walking. Only after a long exposure, removal of the novel environment elicited corrective muscle patterns that matched those expected in response to a perturbation opposite to the one originally experienced. This indicated that individuals who recalibrated their motor system adopted split-belts environment as their new “normal” and transitioning back to the original walking environment causes subjects to react as if it was novel to them. Interestingly, this learning declined with age, but steady state modulation of muscle activity during split-belts walking did not, suggesting potentially different neural mechanisms underlying these motor patterns. Taken together, our results show that corrective motor commands reflect the adapted state of the motor system, which is less flexible as we age.
Korupcijos suvokimas tarp ekspertų, gerai informuotų piliečių ir eilinių gyventojų
Authors: Pocienė Aušra 
Published: April 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
This article presents an analysis based on Alfred Schutz’s epistemological stratification; it asks how do three epistemic groups perceive the phenomenon of corruption in Lithuania, these three groups being: (1) “experts,” scientists and criminal justice representatives working with corruption cases; (2) “well informed citizens,” politicians and the representatives of mass media, and (3) “people from the street,” ordinary Lithuanian citizens. The analysis is based on the data of focus groups discussions that were performed in the framework of the project “Social Context of Corruption: An Analysis of Macro, Meso and Micro Level Factors” that was implemented at Vilnius University, Faculty of Philosophy during 2015–2017.
The group discourses are analyzed from perspectives of three levels: (1) corruption as a worldwide phenomenon on a macro level; (2) the extent and forms of corruption on the social-meso level, and (3) the origin of corruption and the concept of the “corrupted man” on the micro-individual level. In the article, it is also analyzed how experts, “well informed citizens” and ordinary people assess the current means of corruption control and prevention in Lithuania and what other suggestions of prevention they have.
The analysis showed that the main focus of three groups is localized on the meso level, discussing the extent and level of corruption in society, its main forms and corrupted groups. Only little attention is paid to the micro-individual level, where corruption takes it roots as a moral problem. Also, the predominant concept of corruption among ordinary people is almost the same as embedded in criminal law – as a crime committed by white collar individuals who have a particular amount of power at their disposal. Such a narrow legal perception of corruption becomes dysfunctional for effective crime control and prevention as far as it overlooks the widespread culture of corruption that penetrates all social layers, not only the white collars.
The main criticism of current corruption control and prevention policy is based on its demonstrative ineffective and dysfunctional character, while the main perspective of corruption prevention is seen in general social education and primary socialization. The experts and ordinary citizens view the culture of corruption as possibly being diminished only by strengthening social relations and restoring community commitment.
Manicheizmai ir Czesławas Miłoszas: moralinės vaizduotės tyrimas
Authors: Mažeikis Gintautas 
Published: April 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Straipsnio tikslas – apmąstyti Czesławo Miłoszo Ulro žemę manicheizmo istorijos kontekste remiantis moralinės vaizduotės teorija ir moralinės pusiausvyros koncepcija. Straipsnyje analizuojami viduramžių, Renesanso, romantizmo ir XX amžiaus manicheizmai, diskutuojama su Vytauto Kavolio ir Leonido Donskio samprotavimais šiomis temomis. Straipsnio naujumas: atsižvelgiant į Williamo Blake’o ir Cz. Miłoszo samprotavimus, kalbama apie moralinės pusiausvyros koncepciją ir daromos prielaidos dėl personalizuoto ir depersonalizuoto triksterio vaidmens skatinant moralinių pusiausvyrų kaitą. Straipsnyje siekiama apibrėžti moralinių galių funkcionalumą ir disfunkcionalumą moralinės vaizduotės teorijos ribose.