bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene Vegetation and Climate Dynamics in the Altai Mountains and Surrounding Areas
Authors: Huang Xiaozhong , Peng Wei , Rudaya Natalia , Grimm Eric C. , Chen Xuemei , Cao Xianyong , Zhang Jun , Pan Xiaoduo , Liu Sisi , Chen Chunzhu , Chen Fahu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the regional vegetation responses to long‐term climate change will help to forecast Earth system dynamics. Based on a new well‐dated pollen data set from Kanas Lake and a review on the published pollen records in and around the Altai Mountains, the regional vegetation dynamics and forcing mechanisms are discussed. In the Altai Mountains, the forest optimum occurred during 10–7 ka for the upper forest zone and the tree line decline and/or ecological shifts were caused by climatic cooling from around 7 ka. In the lower forest zone, the forest reached an optimum in the middle Holocene, and then increased openness of the forest, possibly caused by both climate cooling and human activities, took place in the late Holocene. In the lower basins or plains around the Altai Mountains, the development of protograssland or forest benefited from increasing humidity in the middle to late Holocene.
Stem cell properties of peripheral blood endothelial progenitors are stimulated by soluble CD146 via miR-21: potential use in autologous cell therapy
Authors: Essaadi Amel , Nollet Marie , Moyon Anaïs , Stalin Jimmy , Simoncini Stéphanie , Balasse Laure , Bertaud Alexandrine , Bachelier Richard , Leroyer Aurélie S. , Sarlon Gabrielle , Guillet Benjamin , Dignat-George Françoise , Bardin Nathalie , Blot-Chabaud Marcel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCell-based therapies constitute a real hope for the treatment of ischaemic diseases. One of the sources of endothelial progenitors for autologous cell therapy is Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFC) that can be isolated from peripheral blood. However, their use is limited by their low number in the bloodstream and the loss of their stem cell phenotype associated with the acquisition of a senescent phenotype in culture. We hypothesized that adding soluble CD146, a novel endothelial growth factor with angiogenic properties, during the isolation and growth procedures could improve their number and therapeutic potential. Soluble CD146 increased the number of isolated peripheral blood ECFC colonies and lowered their onset time. It prevented cellular senescence, induced a partial mesenchymal phenotype and maintained a stem cell phenotype by stimulating the expression of embryonic transcription factors. These different effects were mediated through the induction of mature miR-21. When injected in an animal model of hindlimb ischaemia, sCD146-primed ECFC isolated from 40 ml of blood from patients with peripheral arterial disease were able to generate new blood vessels and restore blood flow. Treatment with sCD146 could thus constitute a promising strategy to improve the use of autologous cells for the treatment of ischaemic diseases.
Central administration of TRV027 improves baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Carvalho-Galvão Alynne , Ogunlade Blessing , Xu Jiaxi , Silva-Alves Cristiane R.A. , Mendes-Júnior Leônidas G. , Guimarães Drielle D. , Cruz Josiane C. , Queiroz Thyago M. , Balarini Camille M. , Braga Valdir A. , Filipeanu Catalin M. , Lazartigues Eric , de França-Silva Maria do Socorro 
Published: June 2018

TRV027 is a biased agonist for the Angiotensin (Ang)-II type 1 receptor (AT1R), able to recruit β-arrestin 2 independently of G-proteins activation. β-arrestin activation in the central nervous system (CNS) was suggested to oppose the effects of Ang-II. The present study evaluates the effect of central infusion of TRV027 on arterial pressure (AP), autonomic function, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and peripheral vascular reactivity. Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with TRV027 for 14 days (20 ng/h) delivered to the lateral ventricle via osmotic minipumps. Mechanistic studies were performed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with AT1R and Ang converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) treated with TRV027 (100 nM) or Ang-II (100 nM). TRV027 infusion in SH rats (SHR) reduced AP (~20 mmHg, P&lt;0.05), sympathetic vasomotor activity (ΔMAP = −47.2 ± 2.8 compared with −64 ± 5.1 mmHg, P&lt;0.05) and low-frequency (LF) oscillations of AP (1.7 ± 0.2 compared with 5.8 ± 0.4 mmHg, P&lt;0.05) compared with the SHR control group. TRV027 also increased vagal tone, improved BRS, reduced the reactivity of mesenteric arteries to Ang-II and increased vascular sensitivity to phenylephrine (Phe), acetylcholine, (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). In vitro, TRV027 prevented the Ang-II-induced up-regulation of ADAM17 and in contrast with Ang-II, had no effects on ACE2 activity and expression levels. Furthermore, TRV027 induced lesser interactions between AT1R and ACE2 compared with Ang-II. Together, these data suggest that due to its biased activity for the β-arrestin pathway, TRV027 has beneficial effects within the CNS on hypertension, autonomic and vascular function, possibly through preserving ACE2 compensatory activity in neurones.
Metabolic Power in Team Sports - Part 1: An Update
Authors: di Prampero Pietro , Osgnach Cristian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTeam sports are characterised by frequent episodes of accelerated/decelerated running. The corresponding energy cost can be estimated on the basis of the biomechanical equivalence between accelerated/decelerated running on flat terrain and constant speed running uphill/downhill. This approach allows one to: (i) estimate the time course of the instantaneous metabolic power requirement of any given player and (ii) infer therefrom the overall energy expenditure of any given time window of a soccer drill or match. In the original approach, walking and running were aggregated and energetically considered as running, even if in team sports several walking periods are interspersed among running bouts. However, since the transition speed between walking and running is known for any given incline of the terrain, we describe here an approach to identify walking episodes, thus utilising the corresponding energy cost which is smaller than in running. In addition, the new algorithm also takes into account the energy expenditure against the air resistance, for both walking and running. The new approach yields overall energy expenditure values, for a whole match,≈14% smaller than the original algorithm; moreover, it shows that the energy expenditure against the air resistance is≈2% of the total.
Endoscopic Approach to the Quadrilateral Plate (EAQUAL): a New Endoscopic Approach for Plate Osteosynthesis of the Pelvic Ring and Acetabulum – a Cadaver Study
Authors: Trulson Alexander , Küper Markus , Trulson Inga , Minarski Christian , Grünwald Leonard , Hirt Bernhard , Stöckle Ulrich , Stuby Fabian 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Dislozierte Frakturen des Beckens werden üblicherweise über offene chirurgische Zugänge osteosynthetisch versorgt. Die zugangsbedingte Morbidität beträgt dabei nach Literaturangaben bis zu 30%. Ziel dieser anatomischen Studie war die Machbarkeit einer endoskopischen Visualisierung der in der Beckenchirurgie wichtigen anatomischen Strukturen sowie die Durchführung einer komplett endoskopischen Plattenosteosynthese des Azetabulums mit vorhandenem laparoskopischen Standardinstrumentarium.
Methodik An 4 anatomischen Ganzkörperpräparaten erfolgte die endoskopische Präparation des gesamten Beckenringes von der Symphyse bis zum Iliosakralgelenk. Dabei konnte die gesamte quadrilaterale Fläche bis hin zur Spina ischiadica mit dem N. ischiadicus dargestellt werden. Anschließend erfolgte eine komplett endoskopische Plattenosteosynthese entlang der Linea iliopectinea.
Ergebnisse Die endoskopische Präparation des Beckenringes und der quadrilateralen Fläche wird Schritt für Schritt dargestellt, gefolgt von einer komplett endoskopischen Osteosynthese entlang der Linea iliopectinea. Endoskopische, radiografische sowie schematische Darstellungen illustrieren die Technik.
Schlussfolgerung Die komplett endoskopische Präparation des Beckenringes und der quadrilateralen Fläche inkl. Plattenosteosynthese ist mit dem vorhandenen Standardinstrumentarium möglich. Bevor eine Implementierung in die klinische Versorgung erfolgen kann, müssen allerdings insbesondere Fragen zu Repositionsmöglichkeiten weiter untersucht werden.
Lithium Clinics in Berlin and Dresden: a 50-Year Experience
Authors: Felber Werner , Bauer Michael , Lewitzka Ute , Müller-Oerlinghausen Bruno 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough lithium’s serendipitous discovery as a medication for depression dates back more than 200 years, the first scientific evidence that it prevents mania and depression arose only in the 1960s. However, at that time there was a lack of knowledge about how to administer and monitor lithium therapy safely and properly. The lithium clinics in Dresden and Berlin were remarkably similar in their beginnings in the late 1960s regarding patient numbers and scientific expertise without being aware of one another due to the Iron Curtain separating Germany into a western and eastern part until 1990. In what were initially lithium-care programs run independently from one another, the lithium clinics embedded in academic settings in Dresden and Berlin represent a milestone in the history of psychopharmacological treatment of affective disorders in Germany and trailblazers for today’s lithium therapy. Nowadays, lithium’s clinical applications are unquestioned, such as its use in strategies to prevent mood episodes and suicide, and to treat depression. The extensively documented knowledge of lithium treatment is the fruit of more than 50 years of observing disease courses and of studying side effects and influencing factors of lithium prophylaxis. Its safe and proper administration—in determining the correct indication, baseline and follow-up examinations, recommended dosages, monitoring, or the management of side effects—is well established. Subsequently, both national and international guidelines continue recommending lithium as the gold standard in treating patients with unipolar and bipolar disorders.
Biceps Brachii Muscle with Third Head a Case Study
Authors: Bansal S. , Budhiraja V. , Swami S. , Gupta R. , Gaur N. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Biceps brachii muscle belongs to the flexor group of muscles in arm. As Biceps brachii is double headed muscle. It is one of the known variable muscles of human body in terms of number and morphology.
Material and Method During routine human cadaveric dissection for the purpose of teaching medical undergraduates in our department. The upper limb of embalmed adult male cadaver was dissected as per the standard method to note the origin, insertion, and nerve supply of biceps brachii.
Results The three headed biceps brachii was found unilaterally on right side in adult male cadaver. The long and short head had normal origin, but third head originated from humerus below insertion of coracobrachialis and inserted with main muscle belly and innervated by musculocutaneus nerve.
Conclusion Variant biceps brachii may confuse a surgeon who performs procedures on the arm and may lead to iatrogenic injuries. The surgeons and traumatologists have to keep such muscular variations in mind. So the knowledge of existence of its variation is important for anaesthetists and surgeons.
Gebrauch geschlechtsübergreifender Personenbezeichnungen in der „Sprache · Stimme · Gehör“ im Jahr 2016
Authors: Tiemeyer Tabea , Ptok Martin 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Stereotype sind früh erlernte und hoch automatisierte kognitive Strukturen, die Erwartungen und Vermutungen über eine soziale Gruppe, ihre Verhaltensweisen, Charakteristika und Einstellungen repräsentieren. Der Zusammenhang von Sprache und Kognition führt zu der Annahme, dass Stereotype sich in der Sprache widerspiegeln und umgekehrt Sprache Stereotype stärkt. Ein Einfluss geschlechtergerechter Sprache auf die – im ersten Schritt gedankliche – Gleichstellung von Männern und Frauen in verschiedenen Kontexten ist somit naheliegend. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Variationen im Gebrauch unterschiedlicher Realisierungstypen geschlechtsübergreifender Personenbezeichnungen untersucht. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei der aktuelle Sprachgebrauch sowie die Herausarbeitung von möglichen Einflussfaktoren auf die Verwendung von geschlechtsübergreifenden Personenbezeichnungen.
Methodik Eine Korpusanalyse aller Texte aus 4 Ausgaben des Jahrgangs 2016 der Zeitschrift „Sprache · Stimme · Gehör“.
Ergebnisse Ein Gebrauch geschlechtergerechter Sprache konnte in einigen Texten festgestellt werden. Anwendungskonsequenz und -art variierten stark und zeigten sich nicht nur autorinnen- und autorenabhängig. Ebenso zeigte sich eine Abhängigkeit der Art der geschlechtsübergreifenden Personenbezeichnungen von Geschlechtsstereotypen bezüglich der Geschlechterverteilung in verschiedenen Berufen und in der erwarteten Leserschaft.
30.3.3.2 1,3-Dithiolanes (Update 2018)
Authors: Leung M.-k. , Chou C.-M. , Luh T.-Y. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis section is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (30.3.3) describing the synthesis of 1,3-dithiolanes. As 1,3-dithiolanes are stable under various conditions and are easily converted back into carbonyl groups under mild conditions, they have been widely explored as protecting groups. This section explores newer catalysts as well as solid-supported catalysts for the conversion of carbonyl groups into 1,3-dithiolanes.
2.1 Reduction of Aldehydes
Authors: Steinfeldt N. , Junge K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlcohols are valuable chemical intermediates and products that can be obtained by reduction of aldehydes. This chapter describes methods where the aldehyde reduction is performed in the liquid phase with hydrogen delivered directly from a cylinder or by hydrogen-donor molecules. Since they are both widely applied, both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyzed reactions are considered.
2.5.2 Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids, Anhydrides, Esters, Amino Acids, and Amides
Authors: Besson M. , Pinel C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe reduction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives (i.e., anhydrides, esters, amino acids, and amides) is a highly relevant transformation in synthetic organic chemistry and for biomass conversion. Interest in this area has recently increased thanks to the large-scale production of bio-based platform molecules. This chapter describes methods for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and derivatives using heterogeneous catalysts. The methods selected have generally been reported within the last ten years, and the focus is on those approaches that give high selectivity toward the desired products and on those employing highly stable catalysts.
2.6 Reduction of Imines and Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Claver C. , Peñafiel I. , Urrutigoïty M. , Kalck P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAmines are powerful building blocks in the chemical industry due to their high reactivity. They also find various applications in fine chemistry. In the context of sustainable chemistry, the hydrogenation of imines and reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones represent efficient tools to give direct access to amines. For the asymmetric hydrogenation of imines, many catalyst precursors containing a transition metal and chiral phosphorus- or nitrogen-based ligands give rise to high yields and enantioselectivities. The one-pot reductive amination reaction involves the condensation of carbonyl and amine groups, followed by the hydrogenation of the resulting imine or enamine, performed by either heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis. Molecular hydrogen or organic donors providing hydrogen by transfer can be used in both reactions. The more economical and environmentally friendly catalysts based on iron or copper offer attractive options in these two synthetic pathways.
Reproductive biology and size structure of Lethrinops gossei (Teleostei:Cichlidae) in the demersal trawl fishery of the southeast arm of Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi
Authors: Bulirani Alexander E. M. , Kaunda Emmanuel K. W. H. , Likongwe Jeremy , Turner George F. , Weyl Olaf F. 
Published: June 2018

The reproductive biology and size structure was determined for Lethrinops gossei, one of the most abundant fish species contributing 26% of the catch in the demersal trawl fishery of the Southeast Arm of Lake Malaŵi. Breeding seasonality was analyzed on the basis of monthly variation of gonado-somatic index and gonadal appearance, while sexual maturity was determined by fitting the logistic model to the proportions of sexually mature individuals. Length frequency data were used to characterize size structure of the population and to derive a selection ogive for the species based on the currently used cod-end mesh size of 38 mm in the fishery. Results suggest that even though mature individuals were encountered all year round, the main breeding events for L. gossei occur in March and September. It was also determined that the size at which 50% of female L. gossei reached maturity (L50%) was 137 mm total length, while 100% sexual maturity was reached at 170 mm total length. The size at first maturity was 122 mm total length, while the steepness parameter of the maturity ogive, (δ) was 7 mm. Distribution of sizes in the sample was roughly symmetric about a mean of 145 mm total length, while the size at 50% selection was 120 mm total length. These results are discussed in the context of their implications on the management of the demersal trawl fishery in the Southeast Arm currently dominated by L. gossei, given the misalignment of the closed season currently in October to December and the inadequacy of the cod-end mesh size of 38 mm. The main conclusion of this study was that the current cod-end mesh size in the fishery is too small and should be adjusted to prevent growth overfishing. A proposal is made for a closed season for the trawl fishery from March to April.
Angle comparison using an autocollimator
Authors: Thalmann Rudolf , Just Andreas , Geckeler Ralf 
Published: June 2018

Results of a bilateral key comparison between PTB and METAS on the calibration of an autocollimator are reported. Due to a technical problem, METAS had to withdraw measurement results from the preceding key comparison EURAMET.L-K3.2009, therefore a bilateral follow-up comparison based the same protocol using the same type of instrument was carried out. PTB provided the autocollimator, made stability measurements, collected the results and made a first analysis. METAS drafted the technical protocol, analysed the results and wrote the report. PTB provides the link to the preceding comparison. In this regard PTB's results are considered as reference results, in particular since it declares considerably smaller uncertainties than METAS and its results were consistent with the key comparison reference values of EURAMET.LK3.2009. The measurements included the range of ±1000" in steps of 10" and ±10" in steps of 0.1". The results for the smaller range were entirely satisfactory, the results of the larger range were mostly satisfactory but showed some not yet explained instabilities of the METAS measurements.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Angle calibration, autocollimator

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Anatomy of the hyper-runaway star LP 40–365 with Gaia
Authors: Raddi R , Hollands M A , Gänsicke B T , Townsley D M , Hermes J J , Gentile Fusillo N P , Koester D 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
LP 40–365 (aka GD 492) is a nearby low-luminosity hyper-runaway star with an extremely unusual atmospheric composition, which has been proposed as the remnant of a white dwarf that survived a peculiar Type Iax supernova (SN Iax) in a single-degenerate scenario. Adopting the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) parallax, ϖ = 1.58 ± 0.03 mas, we estimate a radius of 0.18 ± 0.01 R⊙, confirming LP 40–365 as a subluminous star that is ≃ 15 times larger than a typical white dwarf and is compatible with the SN Iax remnant scenario. We present an updated kinematic analysis, making use of the Gaia parallax and proper motion, and confirm that LP 40–365 is leaving the Milky Way at about 1.5 times the escape velocity of the Solar neighbourhood with a rest-frame velocity of 852 ± 10 km s−1. Integrating the past trajectories of LP 40–365, we confirm that it crossed the Galactic disc 5.3 ±  0.5 Myr ago in the direction of Carina, likely coming from beneath the plane. Finally, we estimate that LP 40–365 was ejected from its progenitor binary with a velocity of at least 600 km s−1, which is compatible with theoretical predictions for close binaries containing a white dwarf and a helium-star donor.
Contact Lens Solutions and Contact Lens Discomfort: Examining the Correlations Between Solution Components, Keratitis, and Contact Lens Discomfort
Authors: Kuc Christopher J. , Lebow Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
This article will examine the current literature, as it relates to contact lens discomfort (CLD) secondary to contact lens solutions. The reader will better understand the characteristics of contact lenses, as they uniquely interact with each type of contact lens solution and also gain a better comprehension of the components of contact lens solution such as preservatives, surfactants, and chelating agents, which may contribute to discomfort. By investigating corneal staining theory and the mechanisms that contribute to its presence, the reader will gain insight into this clinical finding, which relates to selection of contact lens solutions. The FDA standards for testing solutions and how this relates to contact lens keratitis will also be appraised in regards to current ISO recommendations. Finally, better selection of multipurpose contact lens solution (MPS) and hydrogen peroxide–based solutions for patients should be accessible to the clinician based on this review and preexisting clinical findings or diagnoses.

Methods:
A review of current published literature from peer reviewed journals and online journals was conducted to gain an understanding of contact lens solution's impact on contact lens discomfort.

Conclusions:
Many studies have been conducted comparing comfort between various types of contact lens solutions. It is challenging to decipher this information and apply it clinically when selecting solutions for patients. By comparing solution components, how contact lens solutions interact with different types of lenses, keratitis related to contact lenses, and preexisting ocular conditions, this review will improve a clinician's ability to eliminate CLD.