bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a novel autonomous analyzer for seawater total alkalinity: Results from laboratory and field tests
Authors: Seelmann Katharina , Aßmann Steffen , Körtzinger Arne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐quality seawater total alkalinity (AT) measurements are essential for reliable ocean carbon and acidification observations. Well‐established manual multipoint potentiometric titration methods already fulfill these requirements. The next step in the improvement of these observations is the increase of the spatial and temporal measuring resolution with minimal personnel and instrumental effort. For this, a rapid, automated underway analyzer meeting the same high requirements as the traditional method is necessary. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive characterization of the flow‐through analyzer CONTROS HydroFIA® TA (Kongsberg Maritime Contros GmbH, Kiel, Germany) for automated seawater AT measurements in the laboratory and in field with overall more than 5000 measurements. Under laboratory conditions, the analyzer featured a precision of ± 1.5 μmol kg−1 and an accuracy of ± 1.0 μmol kg−1, combined in an uncertainty of 1.6 – 2.0 μmol kg−1. High precision (± 1.1 μmol kg−1) and accuracy (−0.3 ± 2.8 μmol kg−1), and low uncertainty (2.0 – 2.5 μmol kg−1) were also achieved during field trials of 4 and 6 weeks duration. Although a linear drift appears to be the typical behavior of the system, this can be corrected for by regular reference measurements giving consistent measurement results. Another advantage of regular reference measurements is the early detection of any kind of malfunction due to its direct impact on the measurement performance. Based on the present study, recommendations for automated long‐term deployments are provided in order to gain optimal performance characteristics, aiming at the requirements for AT measurements.
Invertibility of 2 × 2 operator matrices
Authors: Huang Junjie , Sun Junfeng , Chen Alatancang , Trunk Carsten 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProperties of right invertible row operators, i.e., of 1 × 2 surjective operator matrices are studied. This investigation is based on a specific space decomposition. Using this decomposition, we characterize the invertibility of a 2 × 2 operator matrix. As an application, the invertibility of Hamiltonian operator matrices is investigated.
Effect of fiber orientation on surface microscopic characteristics of surface grinding of unidirectional C/SiC composites
Authors: Zhang L. , Wang S. , Huo J. , Zhang J. , Wang N. , Chen X. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCeramic matrix composites have complex structures. For exploring the impact factors of machined surface quality and material removal mechanism, its internal structure must be decoupled, and then a unidirectional C/SiC composite was designed and fabricated in this paper. Through a series of representative surface grinding experiments, the machined surface of the composites was characterized by 3D profile test, and the microscopic characteristics and material removal mechanism of the grinding surface were discussed in detail. The results showed that the fiber orientation had a significant effect on the surface quality, and the order of 3D surface roughness was longitudinal > normal > transverse. On the basis of the systematic analysis of the microscopic characteristics of the machined surface, the brittle fracture was the dominant form of material removal in grinding process. Further, combined with 3D surface profile and surface micromorphology, the effect of fiber orientation on the removal mechanism of composites was revealed. The results not only enrich the machinability and improve the surface quality of unidirectional C/SiC composites, but also provide some guidance for grinding of the woven composites.
Alterations in Blood Monocyte Functions in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Nissen Sara Konstantin , Shrivastava Kalpana , Schulte Claudia , Otzen Daniel Erik , Goldeck David , Berg Daniela , Møller Holger Jon , Maetzler Walter , Romero‐Ramos Marina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPD is a multisystem disease where both central and peripheral nervous systems are affected. This systemic involvement also includes the immune response in PD, which implicates not only microglia in the brain, but also peripheral immune cells, such as monocytes; however, this aspect has been understudied.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the PD‐related changes in peripheral immune cells, their responsiveness to stimulation, and their ability to release immunomodulatory molecules that might have consequences for the disease progression.MethodsUsing flow cytometry, we investigated the monocytic population in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PD patients and healthy individuals. We also evaluated the in vitro response to inflammogen lipopolysaccharides and to fibrillar α‐synuclein by measuring the expression of CD14, CD163, and HLA‐DR and by analysis of soluble immune‐related molecules in the supernatant.ResultsPeripheral blood immune cells from PD patients had lower survival in culture, but showed a higher monocytic proliferative ability than control cells, which was correlated with shorter disease duration and late disease onset. In addition, PD patients’ cells were less responsive to stimulation, as shown by the lack of changes in CD163 and CD14 expression, and by the absence of significant upregulation of anti‐inflammatory cytokines in culture. Moreover, PD peripheral immune cells shed lower in vitro levels of soluble CD163, which suggests a less responsive monocytic population and/or an activation status different from control cells. Interestingly, some of the results were sex associated, supporting a differential immune response in females versus males.ConclusionsOur data suggest that PD involves monocytic changes in blood. These cells show reduced viability and are unresponsive to specific stimuli, which might have a relevant consequence for disease progression. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Design of a very high frequency stretchable inverted conical helical antenna for maritime search and rescue applications
Authors: Kang Eunjung , Min William , Choo Hosung , Park Jong‐Eon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe design of a stretchable inverted conical helical antenna (SICHA) applicable to maritime search and rescue is proposed, and the gain and the reflection coefficient are obtained at a resonant frequency of 156 MHz. The optimized top and bottom diameters of the SICHA are 36 and 18 mm, respectively, and its height is 115 mm, which is much shorter than a quarter‐wavelength monopole. Finally, we simulate the outdoor propagation of electromagnetic waves with the SICHA; both the simulated and measured received power intensities are similarly reduced as the distance between the two antennas increases.
Enhancement pattern mapping technique for improving contrast‐to‐noise ratios and detectability of hepatobiliary tumors on multiphase computed tomography
Authors: Park Peter C. , Choi Gye W. , M. Zaid Mohamed , Elganainy Dalia , Smani Danyal A. , Tomich John , Samaniego Ray , Ma Jingfei , Tamm Eric P. , Beddar Sam , Koay Eugene J. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeCurrently, radiologists use tumor‐to‐normal tissue contrast across multiphase computed tomography (MPCT) for lesion detection. Here, we developed a novel voxel‐based enhancement pattern mapping (EPM) technique and investigated its ability to improve contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) in a phantom study and in patients with hepatobiliary cancers.MethodsThe EPM algorithm is based on the root mean square deviation between each voxel and a normal liver enhancement model using patient‐specific (EPM‐PA) or population data (EPM‐PO). We created a phantom consisting of liver tissue and tumors with distinct enhancement signals under varying tumor sizes, motion, and noise. We also retrospectively evaluated 89 patients with hepatobiliary cancers who underwent active breath‐hold MPCT between 2016 and 2017. MPCT phases were registered using a three‐dimensional deformable image registration algorithm. For the patient study, CNRs of tumor to adjacent tissue across MPCT phases, EPM‐PA and EPM‐PO were measured and compared.ResultsEPM resulted in statistically significant CNR improvement (P < 0.05) for tumor sizes down to 3 mm, but the CNR improvement was significantly affected by tumor motion and image noise. Eighty‐two of 89 hepatobiliary cases showed CNR improvement with EPM (PA or PO) over grayscale MPCT, by an average factor of 1.4, 1.6, and 1.5 for cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal liver metastasis, respectively (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsEPM increases CNR compared with grayscale MPCT for primary and secondary hepatobiliary cancers. This new visualization method derived from MPCT datasets may have applications for early cancer detection, radiomic characterization, tumor treatment response, and segmentation.Implications for patient careWe developed a voxel‐wise enhancement pattern mapping (EPM) technique to improve the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of multiphase CT. The improvement in CNR was observed in datasets of patients with cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal liver metastasis. EPM has the potential to be clinically useful for cancers with regard to early detection, radiomic characterization, response, and segmentation.
Vector analysis of pole–pole array for determining the 3D boundary of object
Authors: Nemtsova Olga , Zhurbin Igor , Zlobina Anna 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAn algorithm is proposed for the interpretation of resistivity data that allows the 3D parameters (the boundary in plan view and the depth range) of an anomalous resistivity object in a heterogeneous medium to be determined. The proposed method is based on a vector analysis of the apparent resistivity of soil obtained by a pole–pole survey within the measurement window. In the first stage of the algorithm, in each measurement window, the radius vector is calculated, and as a result, vector images of the main directions of change in the resistivity of the medium are constructed. This allows us to estimate the location of a local anomalous object and to correlate the resistivity of the object with that of the background medium. With a consistent variation in the effective depth of investigation, a set of vector images is formed that characterizes the apparent resistivity distribution in the soil layers. Mathematical analysis of the vector images by using the scalar product allows us to estimate the depth range of the anomalous object. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been proven on synthetic models and in comprehensive investigations of archaeological sites. The proposed method does not allow the true resistivity of an anomalous object to be determined, which is a disadvantage. However, this simple algorithm for processing and analysing shallow electrical prospecting data can be directly used at the preliminary data processing stage during a field survey. First, a pole–pole array can be rapidly operated by a single person; second, the user does not need special knowledge in the field of electrical resistivity data processing. The estimated 3D boundaries of local objects will make it possible to determine the area of interest for further detailed surveying and to justify all the parameters of the measurement technique (distance between electrodes, depth range etc.).
The Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and their Applications
Authors: Jadhav Ratan W. , Kobaisi Mohammad Al , Jones Lathe A. , Vinu Ajayan , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics that includes gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin and apramycin, are derived from various streptomyces species. Despite the significant increase in the antibacterial resistant pathogens, aminoglycosides remain an important class of antimicrobial drugs due to their unique chemical structure which offers a broad spectrum of activity. The modification of antibiotics and their subsequent use in supramolecular chemistry is rarely reported. Given the importance of aminoglycosides, here we give a brief overview on the modification of 4,5‐ and 4,6‐disubstituted deoxystreptamine classes of aminoglycosides through supramolecular chemistry and their potential for real world applications. We also make the case that the work in this area is gaining momentum, and there are significant opportunities to meet the challenges of modern antibiotics through the modification of aminoglycosides by harnessing the advantages of supramolecular chemistry.
Brief Ultrasound‐Aided Teaching to Improve the Accuracy and Confidence of Resident Musculoskeletal Palpation
Authors: Sederberg Mark , Liem Brian , Tarkhan Aliasghar , Gessel Trevor , LaCourse Matthew , Latzka Erek 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundMultiple studies demonstrate poor musculoskeletal palpation accuracy of physiatry residents. With the growing use of ultrasound clinically, it could serve as a powerful educational tool. However, there are no published studies examining the efficacy of ultrasound‐aided education at the bedside, where much learning takes place during postgraduate training.ObjectiveTo determine if brief ultrasound‐aided teaching improves residents' accuracy and confidence of musculoskeletal palpation.DesignBefore/After Trial.SettingAcademic Institution.ParticipantsTen physical medicine and rehabilitation residents were voluntary participants.InterventionEach resident was given a survey to assess confidence in palpating the hook of the hamate and medial calcaneal tubercle. They then attempted to palpate and place a marker over these two structures in a model patient. Marker placement accuracy was verified by ultrasound. Faculty spent less than 1 minute per landmark, sonographically teaching its correct localization. The resident, after moving to a new model patient, was then re‐tested on accurate marker placement for both landmarks. A repeat survey to assess confidence was administered.Main Outcome MeasurementsPreintervention and postintervention accuracy and confidence of correct localization of both landmarks.ResultsWe used McNemar's and Wilcoxon's tests to determine whether the intervention improved the location accuracy and confidence of successful palpation, respectively. Confidence level of correct localization of two landmarks improved on average from 4.3 to 8.15 on a scale of 10 after intervention. Of 20 palpation attempts, 11 correctly placed the marker postintervention after an incorrect placement, 8 made no change, and one changed from correct to incorrect placement. The odds of improvement in accuracy was 11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60‐473.47, P < .01). Both tests showed significant improvements after the intervention at the significance level of .05.ConclusionsBrief, ultrasound‐aided teaching increases accuracy and confidence of residents' musculoskeletal palpation.
Kinetic Study of Curing Bisphenol A Dicyanate Ester with Ionic Liquid Additive
Authors: Zhai Chunhao , Quitevis Edward L. , Simon Sindee L. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA kinetic study of the trimerization reaction of bisphenol A dicyanate ester with an aromatic imidazolium‐based ionic liquid (IL) as additive is performed using dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. The reaction follows second‐order autocatalytic kinetics, and a slight acceleration effect is observed in the presence of the aromatic IL relative to the neat resin. The activation energy also increases with the IL additive, whereas the glass transition temperature (Tg) is depressed, consistent with the Fox equation and a homogeneous one‐phase material. A model incorporating diffusion effects is able to describe the dynamic and isothermal curing data for both the neat resin system and that containing aromatic IL. A comparison with aliphatic‐based IL additive indicates that the reaction is more accelerated with aliphatic IL than with the aromatic IL in spite of the fact that the aliphatic additive phase separates during cure. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1315–1324
Role of radiotherapy in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in advanced stages on complete response after administration of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and rituximab
Authors: Aviles Agustin , Calva Angel , Neri Natividad , Cleto Sergio , Silva Luis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe role of radiotherapy (RT) as adjuvant therapy in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and nodal bulky disease at diagnosis remains unclear. Thus, we carried out an open‐label clinical trial to assess if RT in patients with complete response after immunochemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) improves progression‐free survival and overall survival.MethodsPatients with complete response after six cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone were randomly assigned to receive RT (involved field, 30 Gy) at sites of nodal bulky disease (tumor size >10 cm) as adjuvant treatment.ResultsBetween June 2006 and December 2010, 258 patients were included in the study; 127 received RT and 131 did not receive RT (control group). The actuarial curves showed a 5‐year progression‐free survival of 87% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76–97%) in the RT group, which was significantly different from that in the control group, which was 45% (95% CI 32–60%) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, overall survival in the RT group was significantly better than that in the control group (91% [95% CI 84–99%] vs 59% [95% CI 52–66%]; P < 0.001). RT was well tolerated. Acute toxicity was mild, and late toxicities were not noted.ConclusionsRT in patients with complete response and nodal bulky nodal disease improved progression‐free survival and overall survival, with minimal toxicity. Thus, adjuvant RT should be considered as part of the initial treatment in this patient setting, even in the rituximab era.
The Propagation of the Conducting Zone of Layer‐by‐Layer PANI‐rGO Composite Films
Authors: Zeng Xiangdong , Zhou Kun , Lu Pufei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe layer‐by‐layer polyaniline‐reduced graphene oxide (PANI‐rGO) films with the thickness of micron and millimeter level are prepared by a simple method. The electrochemical performances of the films are carried out by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. In micron level films, rGO promotes the propagation of the conducting zone of PANI‐rGO films. The micron level PANI‐rGO film resistance is reduced 10 times than that of pure PANI film. The specific capacitance can be up to 1000 F⋅g−1. However, the films with millimeter thickness have no such role. The specific capacitance is only one fifth of the micron level thickness film. This is due to the lossing of electroactive PANI in the film. And the amount of rGO in the PANI‐rGO composite and the thickness of the films have no effect on the oxidation activation energy of PANI.
Novel Cu1‐xZnxS (x=0,0.01, …, 0.1) Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis, Photocatalytic and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Alemi Abdolali , Sharabiyani Mohammadali Abdollahpour Aghdam , Teymouri Elaheh , Sadeghi Leila 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAbstract: CuS (CS) and Cu1‐xZnxS (CZS) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized for the first time by a hydrothermal method from decomposition of tris(thiourea) copper (I) sulphate complex with zinc nitrate hydrate for 8 hours at 140 °C. The products have been identified by using X‐Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). These XRD patterns showed that the CS and CZS nanoparticles have a well‐ordered covellite structure with high purities. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed that by increasing dopant concentration, the size of Cu1‐xZnxS (x=0.01, 0.05, 0.1) nanoparticles is increased. Optical properties and band gaps were calculated with diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence (Pl), so nanoparticles with high dopant concentration (x=10%) had less band gap values. In photocatalyst studies, the CZS (x=10%) species can remove 95% Methylene Blue (MB) in the presence of H2O2 under UV light in 90 minutes. Furthermore, the CZS (x=1% ‐ 10%) NPs have excellent potential to eliminate of Hep G2 cancer cells.
An Efficient A3 Coupling Catalyst Based on a Silver Complex Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Homoscorpionate Bis(3‐methyl‐mercaptoimidazolyl)borate Ligands
Authors: Neshat Abdollah , Afrasi Mahmoud , Gilanchi Shirin , Gholinejad Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReaction of Ag(IPr)(Cl), 1 [IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene] with sodium precursors Na(mim) [mim=dihydrobis(methimazolyl)borate] and Na(Bb) [Bb=dihydrobis(2‐mercapto‐benzothiazolyl)borate] formed two novel silver complexes [Ag(IPr)(mim)], 2 and [Ag(IPr)(Bb)], 3. These complexes catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction of a series of aldehydes with alkynes and amines. The efficiency of these novel catalysts compared with that of 1 and Au(IPr)(Cl), 4.
Acid‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 4‐Aminobutanal Derivatives with (Hetero)aromatic Nucleophiles: A Versatile One‐Pot Access to 2‐(Hetero)arylpyrrolidines.
Authors: Smolobochkin Andrey V. , Rizbayeva Tanzilya S. , Melyashova Anna S. , Burilov Alexander R. , Pudovik Michail A. , Sinyashin Oleg G. , Gazizov Almir S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2‐(Hetero)arylpyrrolidine fragment is found in a diverse array of biologically active molecules, both natural and unnatural. In recent years, a substantial increase in number of approved drugs featuring this scaffold is observed. Developing methods for the synthesis of such compounds has been essential for making progress in this field. Most of these methods require usage of metal catalysts and introduce additional chemical steps to obtain appropriately substituted starting compounds. This microreview details the one‐pot approach for the synthesis of pyrrolidine derivatives possessing (hetero)aromatic substituent at the second position of pyrrolidine ring based on usage of readily available N‐substituted 4,4‐diethoxybutan‐1‐amines and (hetero)aromatics as starting compounds and Bronsted acids as catalysts.
Synthesis, Characterization and Theoretical Investigation on Thiazoline‐Derived Palladium‐Complexes‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides with Arylhydrazines
Authors: Sudharsan Murugesan , Thirumoorthy Krishnan , Nethaji Munirathinam , Suresh Devarajan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHomo‐ and heteroleptic palladium(II) complexes of thiazoline derived ligand were synthesized and their catalytic application was reported. The reactions of [1‐(C3H4NS)‐2‐OH‐C6H4] (2) with PdCl2 and [(1‐(CH3)2NCH2C6H4)PdCl]2 in 2:1 molar ratios afforded the homoleptic palladium complex, [Pd{κ12, κ12‐N,O‐(1‐(C3H4NS)‐2‐O‐C6H4)2}] (3) and the heteroleptic palladium complex [{κ12‐N,O‐(1‐(C3H4NS)‐2‐O‐C6H4)}Pd{(κ22‐N,C‐(1‐(CH3)2NCH2C6H4)}] (4) respectively. Equimolar reactions of 2 with PdCl2 and 8‐quinolinol or 2‐methyl‐8‐quinolinol under reflux condition produced the heteroleptic palladium complexes [{κ12‐N,O‐(1‐(C3H4NS)‐2‐O‐C6H4)}Pd{(κ22‐N,O‐(8‐O‐C9H6‐1‐N)}] (5) or [{κ12‐N,O‐(1‐(C3H4NS)‐2‐O‐C6H4)}Pd{(κ22‐N,O‐(8‐O‐2‐CH3‐C9H5‐1‐N)}] (6) in good yields. The molecular structures of ligand 2 and palladium complexes 3–6 were confirmed through multinuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques and further the crystal structure for palladium complexes 3 and 4 were established. Under the optimized reaction condition, the heteroleptic palladium complex 4 display an excellent catalytic activity with a maximum turn over frequency of 49.5 h−1 for the conversion of bi‐aryls from aryl halides and unactivated phenylhydrazine. The energies, activation barriers and transition state structures of reaction involved in the catalytic cycle were assessed by utilizing quantum chemical method to confirm Csp2‐Csp2 bond formation reaction catalyzed by heteroleptic palladium complex 4.