bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paternal leakage and mtDNA heteroplasmy in Rhipicephalus spp. ticks
Authors: Mastrantonio Valentina , Latrofa Maria Stefania , Porretta Daniele , Lia Riccardo Paolo , Parisi Antonio , Iatta Roberta , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Otranto Domenico , Urbanelli Sandra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPaternal leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and heteroplasmy have been recently described in several animal species. In arthropods, by searching in the Scopus database, we found only 23 documented cases of paternal leakage. Therefore, although arthropods represent a large fraction of animal biodiversity, this phenomenon has been investigated only in a paucity of species in this phylum, thus preventing a reliable estimate of its frequency. Here, we investigated the occurrence of paternal leakage and mtDNA heteroplasmy in ticks belonging to one of the most significant tick species complexes, the so-called Rhipicephalus sanguineussensu lato. By developing a multiplex allele-specific PCR assay targeting a fragment of the 12S rRNA ribosomal region of the mtDNA, we showed the occurrence of paternal leakage and mtDNA heteroplasmy in R. sanguineuss.l. ticks originated from experimental crosses, as well as in individuals collected from the field. Our results add a new evidence of paternal leakage in arthropods and document for the first time this phenomenon in ticks. Furthermore, they suggest the importance of using allele-specific assays when searching for paternal leakage and/or heteroplasmy, as standard sequencing methods may fail to detect the rare mtDNA molecules.
FOXM1 modulates 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer through regulating TYMS expression
Authors: Varghese Vidhya , Magnani Luca , Harada-Shoji Narumi , Mauri Francesco , Szydlo Richard M. , Yao Shang , Lam Eric W.-F. , Kenny Laura M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResistance to 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU) has been linked to elevated expression of the main target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which catalyses the de novo pathway for production of deoxythymidine monophosphate. The potent oncogenic forkhead box transcription factor, FOXM1 is is regulated by E2F1 which also controls TYMS. This study reveals a significant role of FOXM1 in 5-FU resistance. Overexpression and knock-down studies of FOXM1 in colon cancer cells suggest the importance of FOXM1 in TYMS regulation. ChIP and global ChIP-seq data also confirms that FOXM1 can also potentially regulate other 5-FU targets, such as TYMS, thymidine kinase 1 (TK-1) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP). In human colorectal cancer tissue specimens, a strong correlation of FOXM1 and TYMS staining was observed. Elevated FOXM1 and TYMS expression was also observed in acquired 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells (HCT116 5-FU Res). A synergistic effect was observed following treatment of CRC cells with an inhibitor of FOXM1, thiostrepton, in combination with 5-FU. The combination treatment decreased colony formation and migration, and induced cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis in CRC cell lines. In summary, this research demonstrated that FOXM1 plays a pivotal role in 5-FU resistance at least partially through the regulation of TYMS.
Plasmodium falciparum specific helicase 2 is a dual, bipolar helicase and is crucial for parasite growth
Authors: Chauhan Manish , Tuteja Renu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHuman malaria infection is a major challenge across the globe and is responsible for millions of deaths annually. Rapidly emerging drug resistant strains against the new class of anti-malarial drugs are major threat to control the disease burden worldwide. Helicases are present in every organism and have important role in various nucleic acid metabolic processes. Previously we have reported the presence of three parasite specific helicases (PSH) in Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. Here we present the detailed biochemical characterization of PfPSH2. PfPSH2 is DNA and RNA stimulated ATPase and is able to unwind partially duplex DNA and RNA substrates. It can translocate in both 3′ to 5′ and 5′ to 3′ directions. PfPSH2 is expressed in all the stages of intraerythrocytic development and it is localized in cytoplasm in P. falciparum 3D7 strain. The dsRNA mediated inhibition study suggests that PfPSH2 is important for the growth and survival of the parasite. This study presents the detailed characterization of PfPSH2 and lays the foundation for future development of PfPSH2 as drug target.
2-aminoimidazoles collapse mycobacterial proton motive force and block the electron transport chain
Authors: Jeon Albert Byungyun , Ackart David F. , Li Wei , Jackson Mary , Melander Roberta J. , Melander Christian , Abramovitch Robert B. , Chicco Adam J. , Basaraba Randall J. , Obregón-Henao Andrés 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop new drugs against tuberculosis. In particular, it is critical to target drug tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), responsible, in part, for the lengthy antibiotic regimen required for treatment. We previously postulated that the presence of in vivo biofilm-like communities of M. tuberculosis could contribute to this drug tolerance. Consistent with this hypothesis, certain 2-aminoimidazole (2-AIs) molecules with anti-biofilm activity were shown to revert mycobacterial drug tolerance in an in vitro M. tuberculosis biofilm model. While exploring their mechanism of action, it was serendipitously observed that these 2-AI molecules also potentiated β-lactam antibiotics by affecting mycobacterial protein secretion and lipid export. As these two bacterial processes are energy-dependent, herein it was evaluated if 2-AI compounds affect mycobacterial bioenergetics. At low concentrations, 2B8, the lead 2-AI compound, collapsed both components of the proton motive force, similar to other cationic amphiphiles. Interestingly, however, the minimum inhibitory concentration of 2B8 against M. tuberculosis correlated with a higher drug concentration determined to interfere with the mycobacterial electron transport chain. Collectively, this study elucidates the mechanism of action of 2-AIs against M. tuberculosis, providing a tool to better understand mycobacterial bioenergetics and develop compounds with improved anti-mycobacterial activity.
Expression of microRNAs 16, 20a, 150 and 155 in anal squamous intraepithelial lesions from high-risk groups
Authors: Albuquerque Andreia , Fernandes Mara , Stirrup Oliver , Teixeira Ana Luísa , Santos Joana , Rodrigues Marta , Rios Elisabete , Macedo Guilherme , Medeiros Rui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASIL) or anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) are precancerous lesions. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in cervical carcinogenesis, but have never been assessed in anal precancerous lesions. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of miR-16, miR-20a, miR-150 and miR-155 in several grades of ASIL obtained from high-risk patients, submitted to anal cancer screening from July 2016 to January 2017. Lesions were classified according to the Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST) in low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and the AIN classification in AIN1, AIN2 and AIN3. A hundred and five biopsies were obtained from 60 patients. Ten samples were negative (9.5%), 63 were LSIL (60%) and 32 were HSIL (30.5%) according to the LAST. Twenty seven (26%) were negative for dysplasia, 46 were classified as AIN1 (44%), 14 as AIN2 (13%) and 18 as AIN3 (17%) according to the AIN classification. There was no statistically significant difference in the fold expression of miR-16, miR-20a, miR-150 and miR-155, according to either classification. Although non- significant, there was an increasing trend in the miR-155 fold expression from negative samples to HSIL, with the highest fold expression increase in both LSIL and HSIL compared to the other miRNAs.
Intervention Outcomes of Two Treatments for Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Watts Christopher R. , Hamilton Amy , Toles Laura , Childs Lesley , Mau Ted 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that stretch-and-flow voice therapy (SnF) is noninferior to resonant voice therapy (RVT) for speakers with muscle tension dysphonia.

Method
Participants with primary muscle tension dysphonia were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Participants received 6 sessions of either SnF or RVT for 6 weeks (1 session per week). Pretreatment and posttreatment audio recordings of sustained vowels and connected speech were acquired. Response to treatment was assessed using the voice handicap index (VHI) as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included the acoustic voice quality index, the smoothed cepstral peak prominence, and scales from the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice instrument. Data were analyzed for 21 participants who completed the study (12 in the SnF group, 9 in the RVT group).

Results
Direction of change for the primary outcome measure and all 3 secondary outcome measures at posttreatment was in the direction of improvement for both SnF and RVT. Confidence intervals for VHI measures did not cross the null effect line on forest plots, suggesting significant effects for both treatments on the primary outcome measure. The effect sizes for pretreatment to posttreatment changes in VHI were large for both treatment groups. Similar results were found for the secondary acoustic outcome measures. There were statistically significant pretreatment to posttreatment changes in the primary and secondary outcome measures for patients receiving both treatments, indicating significant improvement in response to both RVT and SnF. There were no statistically significant differences in pretreatment to posttreatment changes in the primary outcome measure or any secondary outcome measure between the two groups. The within-group pretreatment to posttreatment changes in Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice scales did not reach statistical significance for either RVT or SnF.

Conclusions
Both SnF and RVT produced positive treatment response in speakers with muscle tension dysphonia, with no statistically significant difference in the outcome measures between the two treatments. This suggests that SnF is noninferior to RVT and that both are effective options for treating vocal hyperfunction. Results from this study also support previous findings documenting the sensitivity of multidimensional acoustic measurements to treatment response.
Syncing Up for a Good Conversation: A Clinically Meaningful Methodology for Capturing Conversational Entrainment in the Speech Domain
Authors: Borrie Stephanie A. , Barrett Tyson S. , Willi Megan M. , Berisha Visar 
Published: February 2019

PurposeConversational entrainment, the phenomenon whereby communication partners synchronize their behavior, is considered essential for productive and fulfilling conversation. Lack of entrainment could, therefore, negatively impact conversational success. Although studied in many disciplines, entrainment has received limited attention in the field of speech-language pathology, where its implications may have direct clinical relevance.MethodA novel computational methodology, informed by expert clinical assessment of conversation, was developed to investigate conversational entrainment across multiple speech dimensions in a corpus of experimentally elicited conversations involving healthy participants. The predictive relationship between the methodology output and an objective measure of conversational success, communicative efficiency, was then examined.ResultsUsing a real versus sham validation procedure, we find evidence of sustained entrainment in rhythmic, articulatory, and phonatory dimensions of speech. We further validate the methodology, showing that models built on speech signal entrainment measures consistently outperform models built on nonentrained speech signal measures in predicting communicative efficiency of the conversations.ConclusionsA multidimensional, clinically meaningful methodology for capturing conversational entrainment, validated in healthy populations, has implications for disciplines such as speech-language pathology where conversational entrainment represents a critical knowledge gap in the field, as well as a potential target for remediation.
Bleiben Sie in Bewegung!
Authors: Muesse André , Vehma Stefanie , Eppler Sonja 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag bildet den Abschluss unserer Serie über Kinästhetik Infant
Handling. In den vergangenen zwölf Ausgaben der JuKiP hat unser Autoren- und
Expertenteam Ihnen einen Überblick über das vielfältige Handlungsspektrum mit
Kinästhetik in der Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflege gegeben. Zusammenfassend
könnte man sagen: Kinästhetik ist die gelebte Umsetzung salutogenetischen
Denkens in der Pflegesituation.
Superfood Muttermilch (Teil 1)
Authors: Sander Cornelia 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungStillen und die positiven Auswirkungen von Muttermilch sind in den vergangenen
Jahren immer mehr in das Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit geraten. Ein sichtbarer
Effekt ist die steigende Anzahl zertifizierter babyfreundlicher Geburtskliniken
mit entsprechend geschulten Mitarbeiterinnen. Betrachtet man die
gesundheitsfördernden und -präventiven Aspekte des Stillens für Mutter und Kind,
ist dies eine tolle Entwicklung – für Mütter termingeborener gesunder Kinder.
Doch nicht alle Kinder werden am Termin geboren. Acht bis neun Prozent aller
Kinder in Deutschland kommen zu früh zur Welt. Welche Unterstützung kann Müttern
frühgeborener Kinder im klinischen Setting einer Intensivstation angeboten
werden, um perspektivisch eine sichere Stillbeziehung zu erreichen? Aus dieser
Fragestellung heraus entstand die Idee, eine Still- und Laktationsberatung für
diese Zielgruppe und ihre speziellen Bedürfnisse zu etablieren, damit auch
Frühgeborene und ihre Mütter vom Superfood Muttermilch profitieren.
Lagerungszeiten von flexiblen Endoskopen – Mut zur Lücke
Authors: Fietze Yvonne 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungEin einwandfrei aufbereitetes Endoskop kann bei unsachgemäßer Lagerung erneut kontaminiert und durch die Übertragung von pathogenen Erregern beim nachfolgenden Patienten zu einer Infektionsgefahr werden.In der Literatur gibt es unterschiedliche Angaben zu Lagerungszeiten und Lagerungsbedingungen. Deshalb verglichen wir einschlägige Studien und Empfehlungen mit unseren klinikinternen Ergebnissen von mikrobiologischen Kontrollen an flexiblen Endoskopen. Unser Ziel war es, den Endoskopanwendern in einem schweizerischen Universitätsspital durch Abgabe einer hausinternen Empfehlung eine fundierte Arbeitsgrundlage zu akzeptablen Lagerungszeiten und Lagerungsbedingungen von flexiblen Endoskopen zu geben. „Akzeptabel“ bedeutet hier: angemessen hinsichtlich Patientensicherheit, ökonomisch und ökologisch vertretbar und praktikabel im Klinikalltag.
Are Subchondral Intraosseous Injections Effective and Safe for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Sundaram Kavin , Vargas-Hernández Juan S. , Sanchez Tomas Roca , Moreu Nestor Moreno , Mont Michael A. , Higuera Carlos A. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease and treatment options for early stages of OA are needed. Intraosseous injections of bone substitute and biologic materials have been proposed to expand the therapeutic arsenal by potentially halting OA progression and delaying the need for knee arthroplasty in patients with early/moderate-stage disease. Therefore, the goal of this study was assessed the efficacy and safety of subchondral intraosseous injection for the treatment of knee OA. A systematic review was performed on PubMed-Medline, and the Cochrane Database of systematic reviews. English and Spanish retrospective and prospective studies assessing the results of subchondral intraosseous injection of bone substitute materials and/or biologicals in human patients with knee OA, with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up were collected. A total of 1,081 potential articles were identified through our search. Six studies were included with a total of 163 patients. The mean follow-up was 18 months (range: 6–24 months). Patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs), complications, and conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were collected. All six studies showed PROMs improvement relative to baseline. Overall, the five studies reporting visual-analog scale (VAS) pain outcomes improved from a baseline mean score of 6.68 to 2.74. Also, knee injury and osteoarthritis score (KOOS), Tegner-Lysholm, and/or international knee documentation committee (IKDC) scores rose compared with baseline scores in all studies. Overall, 2.5% (4/163) of patients had a complication attributed to study-related treatment. Most patients (81%, 86/106) remained TKA-free at a 1-year follow-up. Subchondral intraosseous injections of bone substitute materials and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) suggest (1) improved PROMs of pain and functional status, (2) low complication rate, and (3) relatively low rates of conversion to TKA. However, the current studies investigating these treatments exhibited high degree of heterogeneity in both measurement of outcomes and delivery of treatment, with a high risk of bias. This procedure should not be utilized in advanced knee OA. In light of the limitations of the current literature, advising in favor or against this therapy for early to moderate knee OA is challenging.
33.1.3.2 S-Alk-1-enylsulfoximides (Update 2018)
Authors: Kawęcki R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the preparation of alk-1-enylsulfoximides. This update focuses on methods published since 2004. It also covers the application of alk-1-enylsulfoximides in organic synthesis.
Lexical frequency and syntactic variation
Authors: Li Xiaoshi , Bayley Robert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith the rise of exemplar theory, the role of lexical frequency in language variation has been the object of considerable study. Recently,Erker and Guy (2012)extended the analysis of frequency to morphosyntactic variation and examined the role of frequency in variation between null and overt subject personal pronouns (SPPs) in Spanish. Their results suggest that frequency either activates or amplifies the effects of other constraints, such as co-reference. This study extends the study of frequency effects on SPP variation to Mandarin Chinese. Results of multivariate analysis of 6,691 tokens collected from Mandarin speakers in Harbin, China indicate that the effect of frequency on Chinese SPP variation is less than that of other well-established constraints such as co-reference and person and number. The results suggest that the role of frequency in this area of the grammar has been considerably exaggerated. Rather, well-established linguistic constraints provide a better explanation for SPP variation than frequency.
A large-scale smartphone-based sociophonetic study of Taiwan Mandarin
Authors: Kuo Jennifer 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study aims to (i) identify patterns of sociophonetic variation in Taiwan Mandarin, and (ii) evaluate
smartphone technologies as a tool for crowdsourcing sociophonetic data. Specifically, this study examines both phonological
variables found in prior literature to be highly salient (deretroflexion, labiovelar glide deletion), and variables that are less
likely to index social properties (merging of final /n, ŋ/, changes to Tones 2 and 3). Unlike past studies which have primarily
relied on smaller sample sizes, I utilize a smartphone application to crowdsource audio recordings across Taiwan; subsequent Rbrul
analysis of 292 recordings revealed robust patterns of sociolinguistic variation. Deretroflexion correlates strongly with gender
and age, while glide deletion correlates with gender. Nasal final merging and tonal change exhibit less socio-indexical variation,
but provide evidence of potential change in progress. These findings suggest that smartphone-based crowdsourcing can complement
traditional sociolinguistic fieldwork, and reveal new knowledge about large-scale variation.
National identity premises in Pakistani social media debate over patriotism
Authors: Rizwan Snobra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on critical discourse analysis of national identity premises as they enter in Pakistan’s social media debate over patriotism and treason. Drawing on a theoretical framework that calls attention to the embeddedness of religious and nationalistic ideas in identification paradigm of a society, the analysis emphasizes the naturalized link in motivational/inspirational and factual/circumstantial premises and the discursive and non-discursive practices of a culture. It also shows how (supposed) lack of a clear sense of national identity is intrinsically connected to a politicized understanding of national and anti-national identities, since anti-national identity is made salient as an obstacle in path toward national acceptance, and thus as a threat to national security. This, it is argued, is achieved through certain discursive strategies and non-discursive acts which serve to position undesirable anti-nationals as simultaneously in need of proving their patriotism and ineligible for integration into a broader national identification paradigm.
Correlations between linguistic change and linguistic performance among heritage speakers of Danish in Argentina
Authors: Petersen Jan Heegård , Hansen Gert Foget , Thøgersen Jacob 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The article addresses the issue of an assumed correlation between heritage language speakers’ linguistic system and their fluency. Previous research has shown that heritage language speakers who have grammatical patterns that are divergent from the language spoken in the homeland also have lexical retrieval problems and speak with a slower speech rate. We approach the issue by examining two linguistic features and 11 different fluency features (‘structural’ and ‘performance features’) of 10 speakers of Argentine Heritage Danish. A factor analysis shows that the 11 performance features can be reduced to 2 factors that characterize the speakers ‘lexical retrieval’ and ‘fluency’. A correlation analysis with the two structural features, weakening of a phonological contrast between /oː/ and /ɔː/ and simplification of the gender system, shows that there are no correlations at all between these two measures of the speakers’ language production, in contrast to what previous research has found.
Domain adverbials in the news
Authors: De Cesare Anna-Maria , Albom Ana , Cimmino Doriana , Spagnolo Marta Lupica 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article examines the functional category of domain adverbials (DAs), which arose fairly recently in the European languages and is claimed to occur frequently in the written press. In order to better understand this category, we investigate the form, use and meaning of DAs in English, German, French, Italian and Spanish and highlight important intra- and cross-linguistic differences by means of a qualitative and quantitative empirical study based on a corpus of journalistic texts drawn from online daily newspapers. Our results show that cross-linguistically DAs are mainly realized as adverbs formed through a standard word-formation rule. Our results also point to important cross-linguistic differences in the frequency and types of domain adverbs used in the five languages. We explain these differences by taking into account grammatical, sociolinguistic and discourse-related parameters.