bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis of the desired red phosphor Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+ for high CRI white LEDs and plant growth LED device
Authors: Yang Xian , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xuejie , Chen Jian , Huang Haisen , Wang Dongsheng , Chai Xirong , Xie Gening , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhang Haoran , Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe red emission with suitable peak wavelength and narrow band is acutely required for high color rendering index (CRI) white LEDs without at the cost of the luminous efficacy. Herein, the Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+ red phosphor was prepared with facile solid‐state method using Ca3N2, Mg3N2, Si3N4, Li3N, and Eu2O3 as the safety raw materials under atmospheric pressure for the first time, which shows red emission peaking at 638 nm with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 62 nm under blue light irradiation and becomes the desired red phosphor to realize the balance between luminous efficacy and high CRI in white LEDs. The morphology, structure, luminescence properties, thermal quenching behavior, and chromaticity stability of the Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+ phosphor are investigated in detail. Concentration quenching occurs when the Eu2+ content exceeds 1.0 mol%, whereas high‐temperature photoluminescent measurements show a 32% drop from the room‐temperature efficiency at 423 K. In view of the excellent luminescence performances of Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+ phosphor, a white LEDs with CRI of 91 as a proof‐of‐concept experiment was fabricated by coating the title phosphor with Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ on a blue LED chip. In addition, the potential application of the title phosphor in plant growth LED device was also demonstrated. All the results indicate that Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+ is a promising red‐emitting phosphor for blue LED‐based high CRI white LEDs and plant growth lighting sources.
Conservation value of Codium tenue habitat for the endangered Knysna seahorse Hippocampus capensis
Authors: de Villiers Nina M. , Barker Cassandra , Claassens Louw , Hodgson Alan N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigated the density and size structure of the endangered Knysna seahorse Hippocampus capensis in the macroalga Codium tenue at three sites in a residential marina estate in the Knysna Estuary, South Africa, over an 18 month period from March 2017 to August 2018. Seahorses were present in C. tenue throughout the year. Average (± SE) densities of 0.33 (± 0.03) and 0.23 (± 0.03) seahorses per kg of C. tenue were found for 2017 and 2018 respectively. Density did not vary across sites but varied significantly across months with a decreasing trend from summer to spring. The average (± SE) adult seahorse height was 75.16 mm (± 0.63 mm) and 69.09 mm (± 0.64 mm) and mass was 2.05 g (± 0.04 g) and 1.65 g (± 0.04 g) for males and females, respectively, and an even sex ratio was observed throughout the sampling period. Height varied across months, with significantly smaller seahorses found in June and August of 2017. Tail length was highly correlated with height and therefore can serve as a potential proxy for determining the height of H. capensis. This study showed that C. tenue is consistently utilised by Knysna seahorse and should therefore be considered an important habitat to protect and facilitate the ongoing conservation of this endangered seahorse species.
Awareness and use of biodiversity collections by fish biologists
Authors: Singer Randal A. , Ellis Shari , Page Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA survey of 280 fish biologists from a diverse pool of disciplines was conducted in order to assess the use made of biodiversity collections and how collections can better collect, curate and share the data they have. From the responses, data for how fish biologists use collections, what data they find the most useful, what factors influence the decisions to use collections, how they access the data and explore why some fish biologists make the decision to not use biodiversity collections is collated and reported. The results of which could be used to formulate sustainability plans for collections administrators and staff who curate fish biodiversity collections, while also highlighting the diversity of data and uses to researchers.
A new species of miniature Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the upper Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil
Authors: da Graça Weferson J. , Ota Renata R. , Domingues Wladimir M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new miniature species of Characidium is described from the upper Rio Paraguay basin, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from all congeners by the presence of a dark‐brown humeral blotch, vertically elongated (spanning 5 to 7 horizontal scale rows), with the shape of an upside‐down acute triangle. Additionally, it can be diagnosed by a short lateral line (6 to 8 perforated scales), the absence of a conspicuous peduncular blotch, a lower number of principal caudal‐fin rays (14–16) and by absence of the adipose fin. The new species is the smallest species of the genus; the largest specimen was 19.3 mm standard length.
Human biological variation in sesamoid bone prevalence: the curious case of the fabella
Authors: Berthaume Michael A. , Bull Anthony M. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe fabella is a sesamoid bone located in the gastrocnemius behind the lateral femoral condyle. In humans, fabellae are 3.5 times more common today than they were 100 years ago, with prevalence rates varying between and within populations. In particular, fabellae have been assumed to be more common in Asians than non‐Asians, equally common in men and women, potentially more common in older individuals, and bilateral cases (one per knee) appear to be more common than unilateral ones. The roles of genetic and environmental factors in this phenotypic variation have been hypothesized, but not rigorously investigated. Given its clinical and evolutionary significance (i.e. being associated with several knee ailments, causing medical issues on its own, interfering with medical devices, and being less common in humans than in other mammals), it is important comprehensively to understand prevalence rate variation, and the roles of genetics and environmental factors in that variation. To address these questions, we performed a meta‐analysis on data from studies published from 1875 to 2018 to investigate possible variation in sexual dimorphic (n = 22 studies, 7911 knees), ontogenetic (n = 10 studies, 4391 knees), and global (n = 65 studies, 21 626 knees) fabella prevalence rates. In addition, we investigated what proportion of cases are bilateral (n = 37 studies, 900 individuals), and among unilateral cases (n = 20 studies, 204 individuals), if fabellae are more common in the left or right knee. Our results show that, today, fabellae are 2.47–2.60% more common in men than women, and prevalence rates increase ontogenetically in old age (i.e. 70 years old), implying that fabellae can ossify early (i.e. 12 years old) or late in life. Approximately 72.94% of cases are bilateral, and among unilateral ones, fabellae are equally common in right and left knees. There is marked regional variation in fabella prevalence rates, with rates being highest in Asia, followed by Oceania, South America, Europe, Middle East, and North America, and lowest in Africa. Worldwide, an average of 36.80% of knees has ossified fabellae detectable by dissection. These results imply that, while the ability to form a fabella may be genetically controlled, the mechanisms that trigger fabella ossification may be environmentally controlled. What these environmental factors are, can only be speculated.
The K‐State emoji scale
Authors: Deubler Grace , Swaney‐Stueve Marianne , Jepsen Tegan , Su‐Fern Belinda P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere has been a surfeit of work on the use of emojis in consumer research methodologies; the intent of this present research was to develop and validate a new emoji‐based scale for measuring consumers' emotional response to products. In Phase 1, children ages 8–11 in the United States and China were asked to evaluate written food and situational stimuli using one of two emoji scale prototypes and the Peryam & Kroll (P&K) scale (super good/super bad). One prototype, the K‐State emoji scale, performed significantly better than the other based on its stimuli discrimination and participant understanding and was chosen for further research. In Phase 2, the same demographic was asked to taste and evaluate flavored potato chip samples using both the K‐State emoji scale and P&K scale. Participants in each country used the emoji scale in a similar manner and the scale was able to adequately discriminate across all stimuli. The results demonstrated the K‐State emoji scale is valid in the United States and China and is suitable for measuring children's emotional response to products.Practical applicationsThe K‐State emoji scale is a 7‐point scale made of yellow‐face emojis ranging from positive to negative valence. The scale is intended to measure simple emotional response to products from consumers, specifically children. The visual scale is easy to use and simple to understand with potential application opportunities globally. This method is open‐source; to obtain digital copies of the scale, please contact Dr. Marianne Swaney‐Stueve at Kansas State University (marianness@ksu.edu).
Adherence and acceptability of community‐based distribution of micronutrient powders in Southern Mali
Authors: Roschnik Natalie , Diarra Hawa , Dicko Yahia , Diarra Seybou , Stanley Isobel , Moestue Helen , McClean Judy , Verhoef Hans , Clarke Sian E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHome fortification with micronutrient powders (MNP) has been shown to reduce anaemia, with high overall acceptability and adherence, but there is limited evidence from West Africa. Around 80% of children younger than 5 years are anaemic in Mali, and new interventions are needed. This paper reports on the adherence and acceptability of a community‐led MNP intervention targeting children aged 6–59 months in Southern Mali. The MNP were delivered by a multidisciplinary group of community volunteers using community‐based preschools, cooking demonstrations, and traditional communication networks to promote MNP, nutrition, hygiene, and child stimulation. The MNP were delivered alongside early childhood development interventions and seasonal malaria chemoprevention. Adherence and acceptability were evaluated through two cross‐sectional surveys in 2014 and 2016 and a qualitative evaluation in 2015. Over 80% of parents reported ever having given MNP to their child, with 65% having given MNP for four or more days in the last week. Likely contributors to uptake include: perceived positive changes in the children following MNP use, the selection of a food vehicle that was already commonly given to children (morning porridge or bouillie) and the community driven, decentralized and integrated delivery approach. These findings support recommendations from recent reviews of MNP implementation to use community‐based delivery approaches and behaviour change components.
The Rational Animal and Modern Science: The Research Context of the Papers
Authors: Conrad Richard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe papers collected in this issue of New Blackfriars were delivered at Aquinas Seminar series in Oxford and represent research interests of the Aquinas Institute. This article contextualises them by giving an impression of areas of contemporary research to which they contribute or to which they point. These areas concern animal psychology, the human being as complex rational animal, body-and-soul, and human evolution. Some of the many possible issues are identified, so as to suggest that in all these areas the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition can enter into a real and fruitful conversation with modern discoveries in biology and psychology; it can take them on board and at the same time pose questions and offer perspectives that stand to be illuminating.
Man more Animal than Anything: The Unity in Human Agency
Authors: Finley John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOwen Flanagan takes his claim that ‘we are animals through and through’ to imply ‘our animal side is our only side’. But ‘Cartesianism’ is not the only alternative available: Aquinas’ view of the human soul as a spiritual reality that is essentially the form of the body means that animality characterizes humans in an especially intimate way.Aquinas recognizes degrees of unity. Homogeneous inanimate substances have an accidental unity; living organisms are essentially one: the self pervades the whole, and the form is closely related to this particular matter. The human soul communicates to the body the being the soul possesses, hence it is more intimate to the body than any bodily quality, while the body is more intimate to the soul than any of the soul's powers. In isolation from the body the soul cannot exercise its own proper activity, which is to know sensible reality.This high degree of metaphysical unity is manifest at the level of action and experience. Robert Sokolowski's account of speech as a defining feature of human beings illustrates how bodiliness is needed for the soul's intellectual activity. Syntactical speech is formed by and expressive of intelligence as embodied and temporally conditioned.The human being's superior ontological unity is not refuted by experiences of disintegration. Our soul, in its simplicity, needs to originate a unique gamut of powers; hence the human being can go wrong in many ways. The tension among our powers is experienced acutely because it is within the one soul. Human death is not really unnatural, but is more violent than in the case of the other animals. However, as a final mortification it allows us to offer our selves in conformity to Christ.
Explaining Disability Trends in the United States, 1963–2015
Authors: Schellekens J. Jona 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe National Health Interview Survey is the world's longest survey time series of health data. In spite of the availability of such a long time series, previous studies did not attempt to explain long‐term trends in disability, because the design of the question in the survey has changed over time. To control for changes in the design of the question, I added two variables indicating major changes in the design to the analysis. My results show that the decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease is associated with the rise in disability in the 1970s, whereas better education is associated with the long‐term decline in disability that started in the 1980s. Combined, the two variables are able to account for all major trends in disability at age 50–84 from 1963 to 2015, leaving limited room for other explanations. The statistical model predicts that the trend in falling disability rates will end as the rise in educational levels draws to a halt.
Gender similarity in growth patterns of support toward friends during young adulthood
Authors: Nielson Matthew G. , Xiao Sonya Xinyue , Padilla‐Walker Laura 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to analyze change over time in a specific aspect of prosocial behavior, emotional support toward friends, using two different methodologies. We examined how emotional support changes during the transition to adulthood and whether gender‐based group comparisons yield different gender patterns than person‐centered growth mixture models. We hypothesized that emotional helping toward friends would increase over time and that person‐centered analyses would not show gender differences as large as those indicated by group comparison models. Participants were 466 young adults (ages 18–21). Findings indicated that important intragroup variance was masked when analyses focused on comparisons between gender groups. Person‐centered analyses indicated two mixed‐gender groups with different prosocial trajectories. We discuss how the methods and outcomes of person‐centered analyses are more congruent with current theories of “gender similarities” as well as empirical evidence of the small gender difference in social behaviors such as emotional support.
Acceptability and safety of thermal ablation for the treatment of precancerous cervical lesions in Honduras
Authors: Sandoval Manuel , Slavkovsky Rose , Bansil Pooja , Jeronimo Jose , Lim Jeanette , Figueroa Jacqueline , de Sanjose Silvia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the acceptability and safety of thermal ablation (TA) for the treatment of precancerous cervical lesions in women in Honduras.MethodsHuman papillomavirus (HPV) and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) screen‐positive eligible women received TA. After treatment, women rated the level of pain experienced during treatment using the Wong‐Baker FACES® pain‐rating scale from 0 to 10. Short‐term safety outcomes that could require medical attention were assessed one month after treatment.ResultsA total of 319 women received TA treatment. The average pain rating was 2.5 (95% CI: 2.3–2.8), and 85% rated their pain levels as less than 6. No significant differences in low (below 6) or high (6 and above) pain were found by age or number of biopsies performed, but there was a significant difference by the number of TA applications (P < 0.01). When asked if they would recommend this treatment, all women said they would. At the one‐month follow‐up visit, the most common reported discomforts were bleeding (10%) and cramping (8.4%); 11 women reported severe lower abdominal pain, and none required medical attention.ConclusionsTA is safe and acceptable to patients as a treatment option for precancerous cervical lesions in low‐resource settings.
Estimation of Systemic Vascular Resistance Using Built-In Sensing From an Implanted Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Rapp Ethan S. , Pawar Suraj R. , Gohean Jeffrey R. , Larson Erik R. , Smalling Richard W. , Longoria Raul G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for real-time estimation of the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) of heart failure patients who have a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Notably, an approach is described that relies only on sensing that is built into the LVAD, so no additional sensors or measurements are required. The estimation of SVR is accomplished using a variant of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, making use of a reduced-order systemic circulation model, and requires LVAD flowrate as an input to the systemic circulation and measurement of the LVAD differential pressure. Experiments using a hybrid mock circulatory loop (hMCL) are used to show the efficacy of this approach for both types of LVAD pumping modalities; i.e., continuous flow (CF) turbomachines and pulsatile flow (PF) positive-displacement pumps. The mock loop uses a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the cardiovascular system (CVS) where physiological parameters and particularly the SVR can be set to known values, allowing a basis for evaluating the accuracy of the estimation algorithms. It was found that SVR value estimates were accurate within 1.3% and 0.7% compared to the set model values for the continuous and PF LVADs, respectively. The use of this SVR estimation approach utilizing built-in LVAD sensing technology has potential for use in further real-time estimation endeavors, monitoring of patient physiology, and providing alerts to physicians.
Flow Around Three Side-by-Side Square Cylinders and the Effect of the Cylinder Oscillation
Authors: More Bhupendra Singh , Dutta Sushanta , Gandhi Bhupendra Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study, the flow field over three square cylinders (SCs) arranged side by side is investigated in a low-speed wind tunnel. The experiments are performed with three similar SCs for Reynolds number (Re) 295. The influences of spacing ratio on the wake size, drag coefficient, and flow interference of the cylinders are reported with the hotwire anemometry, particle image velocimetry (PIV), and the flow visualization techniques. Special attention is paid to the oscillation given to the middle cylinder and its effect on flow structure and related forces. The spacing ratio (s/D) ranges from 1.5 to 3, whereas the forcing frequency ratio ranges from 0.5 to 2 with amplitude of 10% of the cylinder width. It is observed that the spacing influences the flow structure, and the vortex shedding mechanism strongly. A secondary frequency appears in the flow field for spacing ratio s/D = 2 and 3. Depending upon the spacing ratios, the flow pattern is seen to be asymmetric biased, symmetric biased, and weakly interactive. The wake interaction decreases with increase in spacing ratios. With the oscillations, the wake becomes more unstable and complex. Additional wake oscillation frequency appears in the power spectra. With an increase in spacing ratios, the drag coefficient decreases, whereas with oscillations, higher drag force is observed compared to a stationary cylinder. A correlation is developed between the time-averaged drag coefficient with cylinder spacing and Reynolds number.
Experimental Investigation on Pressure Fluctuation Reduction in a Double Suction Centrifugal Pump: Influence of Impeller Stagger and Blade Geometry
Authors: Zeng Yongshun , Yao Zhifeng , Wang Fujun , Xiao Ruofu , He Chenglian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe reduction in pressure fluctuation can suppress noise, balance the radial and axial forces, and restrain the vibration level of a centrifugal pump. Impeller stagger and blade geometry influence the pressure fluctuation characteristics of double suction centrifugal pumps. In the present investigation, the pressure fluctuation characteristics of the baseline impeller, the staggered impeller, and the blade geometry modified impeller were investigated experimentally under design and off-design operating conditions. The frequency spectrum was analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) methods. The broadband frequencies are defined quantitatively and analyzed emphatically. The significant linear relationship between the center frequency of the broadband frequencies and the flowrate is discovered for the first time. The center frequency decreases as the flowrate increases. The linearity varies below and above the design flowrate. When the discrete frequencies are in range of the broadband frequencies, a high amplitude of pressure fluctuation occurs. This could explain the large peak-to-peak value of the pressure fluctuation at 1.24Qn, which may be due to the coincidence between broadband frequencies and the components at the frequencies fr and 2fr. Both the staggered impeller and the blade geometry modified impeller can reduce the level of pressure fluctuation; in particular, it is reduced to 35% and 13% compared to that of baseline impeller near the volute tongue region under the design flowrate, respectively. The staggered impeller and the blade geometry can obviously affect the decreasing slopes between the center frequencies and the flowrate.