bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of chalk in single kernels of long‐grain milled rice using imaging and visible/near‐infrared instruments
Authors: Armstrong Paul R. , McClung Anna M. , Maghirang Elizabeth B. , Chen Ming H. , Brabec Daniel L. , Yaptenco Kevin F. , Famoso Adam N. , Addison Christopher K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesTo maintain the competitiveness of U.S. long‐grain rice in U.S. and foreign markets, having translucent whole milled grain is critical. An objective technique to detect grain chalk, opaque areas in the grain, will provide breeders and industry with an effective tool for developing low‐chalk varieties or agronomic practices that reduce chalk occurrence. Two instruments developed at the Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS), a single‐kernel near‐infrared (SKNIR) tube instrument and a silicon‐based light‐emitting diode (SiLED) high‐speed sorter, were compared with two commercially available imaging instruments, WinSEEDLE and SeedCount used for chalk quantification. Three 2‐way chalk classifications were defined for single kernels based on visual inspection: (a) <50% or ≥50% opacity or chalk (modified Grain Inspection, Packers & Stockyards Administration [GIPSA]), (b) <10% or ≥10% opacity (10% cutoff), and (c) 100% opacity or 100% translucent (MaxLevel).FindingsThe SKNIR method provided the best classification for the modified GIPSA definition with an 82.4% average correct classification (CC), that is, 89% and 76% for nonchalky and chalky kernels, respectively. The WinSEEDLE had the best classification for the 10% cutoff definition, with an 84% CC for nonchalky kernels and a 96% CC for chalky kernels. For the MaxLevel definition, average CCs of both the SKNIR and SiLED methods were similar, at 93% and 95%, respectively. The average CCs were lower for both the WinSEEDLE method and the SeedCount method at 14% and 58%, respectively. These low CC values are a result of using a threshold of 100% for chalky or nonchalky kernels, where a single misclassified pixel within the image will cause misclassification. Calibration models developed for both the SKNIR and SiLED methods indicate that their classifications were based mainly on spectral differences near the adsorption bands for starch, protein, and water content.ConclusionsAll of the instruments can be used to classify chalk, but their level of accuracy depends on how chalk is defined.Significance and noveltyThe SiLED has the capability to process seeds at a high rate, and the SKNIR has the potential to measure compositional traits in addition to chalk measurements.
Perceiving speed—The color can matter
Authors: Mentzel Stijn V. , Schücker Linda , Hagemann Norbert , Strauss Bernd 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on examining color effects of perceived speed in an individual noncompetitive sport context, treadmill running. In addition, the presence of individual trends for color effects are inspected by observing the connection of color effects in a sport‐specific video rating task with those found in an individual color association task. For this, 32 participants rated the perceived running speed of 48 videos depicting runners on a treadmill at seven different speed settings. Furthermore, participants rated a range of additional sport‐specific performance parameters. The runners in the video were shown wearing either a red, blue, or gray jersey, gray being used to strengthen the cover story. As a secondary task, the participants performed a modified Stroop task to assess implicit color associations. The results showed a significant color effect for speed; runners depicted in red were perceived as running at higher speeds compared to blue. No significant color effects were found for the other sport‐specific parameters. Finally, there was no significant covariate effect of the modified Stroop task for the speed perception color effect. These findings indicate that, in situations in which speed must be judged, red might be perceived as going faster.
Effects of cold plasma on the color parameters of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) using color imaging instrumentation and spectrophotometer
Authors: Rezaei Shabnam , Ghobadian Barat , Ebadi Mohammad‐Taghi , Jangi Farzaneh , Ghomi Hamid 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis research was conducted to evaluate the effects of cold atmospheric plasma treatment on the color of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) and also to compare the usage of the spectrophotometer vs the color imaging instrumentation for the evaluation of the treatment on the color parameters. The experiments were investigated at different treatment times of 1, 5, and 10 minutes and the voltage values of 17, 20, and 23 kV. Possible changes of color were evaluated by using CIE L*a*b* values obtained with HunterLab colorimeter and CIE L*a*b* values obtained with a digital still camera (DSC) using digital image processing (MATLAB software). The values of L*, a*, and b* of the samples were obtained using both the methods. The results revealed that the L*, a*, and b* values of the treated Hyssop samples changed with increasing the treatment time and the voltage applied. Evaluating the interaction effects revealed that there was a significant difference in the (−a*/b*) ratio. In addition, the results showed that the effects of all variables on the color parameters were significantly different in the case of the DSC using digital image processing. However, these effects were not significantly different using HunterLab colorimeter except for time variable and interaction effects of a* and (−a*/b*) ratio. The lightest green color and the maximum chlorophyll content loss were observed for 23 kV applied over 10 minutes. Based on the results, the digital image processing can be used as a practical tool to study the variations at the color of dried Hyssop leaves after cold plasma treatment.
Slow rate of secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Guianas compared with the rest of the Neotropics
Authors: Chave Jérôme , Piponiot Camille , Maréchaux Isabelle , de Foresta Hubert , Larpin Denis , Fischer Fabian Jörg , Derroire Géraldine , Vincent Grégoire , Hérault Bruno 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSecondary forests are a prominent component of tropical landscapes, and they constitute a major atmospheric carbon sink. Rates of carbon accumulation are usually inferred from chronosequence studies, but direct estimates of carbon accumulation based on long‐term monitoring of stands are rarely reported. Recent compilations on secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Neotropics are heavily biased geographically as they do not include estimates from the Guiana Shield. We analysed the temporal trajectory of aboveground carbon accumulation and floristic composition at one 25‐ha secondary forest site in French Guiana. The site was clear‐cut in 1976, abandoned thereafter, and one large plot (6.25 ha) has been monitored continuously since. We used Bayesian modeling to assimilate inventory data and simulate the long‐term carbon accumulation trajectory. Canopy change was monitored using two aerial lidar surveys conducted in 2009 and 2017. We compared the dynamics of this site with that of a surrounding old‐growth forest. Finally, we compared our results with that from secondary forests in Costa Rica, which is one of the rare long‐term monitoring programs reaching a duration comparable to our study. Twenty years after abandonment, aboveground carbon stock was 64.2 (95% credibility interval 46.4, 89.0) Mg C/ha, and this stock increased to 101.3 (78.7, 128.5) Mg C/ha 20 yr later. The time to accumulate one‐half of the mean aboveground carbon stored in the nearby old‐growth forest (185.6 [155.9, 200.2] Mg C/ha) was estimated at 35.0 [20.9, 55.9] yr. During the first 40 yr, the contribution of the long‐lived pioneer species Xylopia nitida, Goupia glabra, and Laetia procera to the aboveground carbon stock increased continuously. Secondary forest mean‐canopy height measured by lidar increased by 1.14 m in 8 yr, a canopy‐height increase consistent with an aboveground carbon accumulation of 7.1 Mg C/ha (or 0.89 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1) during this period. Long‐term AGC accumulation rate in Costa Rica was almost twice as fast as at our site in French Guiana. This may reflect higher fertility of Central American forest communities or a better adaptation of the forest tree community to intense and frequent disturbances. This finding may have important consequences for scaling‐up carbon uptake estimates to continental scales.
Does inbreeding affect personality traits?
Authors: Herdegen‐Radwan Magdalena 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe question of why variation is maintained in personality traits is an evolutionary puzzle. According to the condition‐dependence hypothesis, such traits depend on condition, which limits the behavioral choices available to individuals. Because condition is affected by many genes, it can effectively be manipulated by inbreeding, which exposes the effects of deleterious recessive mutations. Here, I compared two personality traits, boldness and tendency to explore, of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) from first‐generation inbred and outbred treatments. Boldness in guppies is associated with increased sexual attractiveness and is thus expected to affect fitness. Therefore, I hypothesized that the personality traits would be negatively affected by inbreeding. However, the results indicated that inbred guppies did not differ in either personality trait from their outbred counterparts. This finding suggests that mechanisms other than condition dependence are maintaining personality variation in the guppy.
Mediterranean intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: Challenges in monitoring complexity
Authors: Borg Galea Alexander , Sadler Jonathan P. , Hannah David M. , Datry Thibault , Dugdale Stephen J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn most cases, intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) form the principal surface water bodies in Mediterranean regions and people are heavily dependent on them. Strong reliance on such streams results in numerous pressures, and complex relationships are formed between their various natural and anthropogenic components, which creates numerous challenges to decision‐makers who require a better understanding of IRES to establish effective measures to restore ecosystem functionality and implement changes, while maintaining human well‐being. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework that identifies process cascades and links to identify the variables governing Mediterranean IRES and map their complex interrelations. Climate is the main external driver, and it affects IRES through precipitation, temperature, wind action, and geomorphic factors, which in turn influence the physical and biological attributes of IRES. Monitoring challenges and knowledge gaps are presented from the conceptual framework, highlighting the need to identify solutions for the monitoring and mapping the spatio‐temporal variability of flow regimes and their influence on bio‐physical variables and mapping and quantifying ecosystem services for integrated environmental management. Finally, we argue that remote sensing techniques, specifically, the combined use of unmanned aerial vehicles and structure from motion photogrammetry, are key to bridging gaps in understanding and meeting the challenges of managing Mediterranean IRES.
Stabilization of Ethyl‐Cellulose Oleogel Network Using Lauric Acid
Authors: Haj Eisa Aya , Laufer Sharon , Rosen‐Kligvasser Jasmine , Davidovich‐Pinhas Maya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe use of oleogels in a wide range of applications requires a broad diversity of gel properties tailored for each purpose. The current research explores the combination of ethyl‐cellulose (EC) with lauric acid (LA), at different ratios with an emphasis to explore each component contribution and function in the gel structure and properties. The results suggest that oleogel physical properties strongly depend on the EC concentration. A transition from antagonistic to synergistic behavior between EC and LA with respect to the mechanical properties is observed above 4 wt% polymer. This behavior is seen in all LA concentrations, suggesting that the main effect arises from the EC while the LA acts as a stabilizer. In addition, LA reduces EC gelation temperature from approximately 140 °C to 79–101 °C, depending on the EC concentration, suggesting a ‘plasticizing’ effect. The recovery ability of EC oleogel after large amplitude deformation is improved from 16% to 34% due to the LA crystalline nature. LA crystal structure is not affected by EC concentration; however its crystallization temperature shifts to a lower temperature.Practical Applications: These results provide a broad overview of the composition‐function relation obtained while combining EC with LA.
Observational pain assessment in older persons with dementia in four countries: Observer agreement of items and factor structure of the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition
Authors: de Waal Margot W. M. , van Dalen‐Kok Annelore H. , de Vet Henrica C. W. , Gimenez‐Llort Lydia , Konstantinovic Ljubica , de Tommaso Marina , Fischer Thomas , Lukas Albert , Kunz Miriam , Lautenbacher Stefan , Lobbezoo Frank , McGuire Brian E. , van der Steen Jenny T. , Achterberg Wilco P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecognition of pain in people with dementia is challenging. Observational scales have been developed, but there is a need to harmonize and improve the assessment process. In EU initiative COST‐Action TD1005, 36 promising items were selected from existing scales to be tested further. We aimed to study the observer agreement of each item, and to analyse the factor structure of the complete set.MethodsOne hundred and ninety older persons with dementia were recruited in four different countries (Italy, Serbia, Spain and The Netherlands) from different types of healthcare facilities. Patients represented a convenience sample, with no pre‐selection on presence of (suspected) pain. The Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC, research version) item pool includes facial expressions of pain (15 items), body movements (10 items) and vocalizations (11 items). Participants were observed by health professionals in two situations, at rest and during movement. Intrarater and interrater reliability was analysed by percentage agreement. The factor structure was examined with principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation.ResultsHealth professionals performed observations in 40–57 patients in each country. Intrarater and interrater agreement was generally high (≥70%). However, for some facial expression items, agreement was sometimes below 70%. Factor analyses showed a six‐component solution, which were named as follows: Vocal pain expression, Face anatomical descriptors, Protective body movements, Vocal defence, Tension and Lack of affect.ConclusionsObservation of PAIC items can be done reliably in healthcare settings. Observer agreement is quite promising already without extensive training.SignificanceIn this international project, promising items from existing observational pain scales were identified and evaluated regarding their reliability as an alternative to pain self‐report in people with dementia. Analysis on factor structure helped to understand the character of the items. Health professionals from four countries using four different European languages were able to rate items reliably. The results contributed to an informed reduction of items for a clinical observer scale (Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition scale with 15 items: PAIC15).
Coastal geomorphic chronosequences across broad spatiotemporal scales. Metrical observations from the Cape Verde hotspot
Authors: Ferrer‐Valero Nicolás , Hernández‐Calvento Luis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe study of the coastal landscapes of hotspot oceanic islands through comprehensive structural metrics and ecological estimators represents an opportunity to explore geomorphological transformations and broad spatiotemporal scale features of coastal evolution. As part of this approach, a new metrical comparative analysis is presented in this study, comprising four islands in different evolutionary stages. They belong to the Cape Verde archipelago, which forms a double insular chain in which an east–west gradient in age and evolution is particularly evident across the southern chain. A space‐for‐time (SFT) substitution approach is applied to the coasts of (1) Fogo, in the shield stage; (2) Santiago, in the early post‐erosional stage; (3) São Vicente, in the advanced post‐erosional stage; and (4) Boa Vista, in the last erosional stage. From the obtained spatial distributions and frequencies of landforms, the coastal landscapes of these islands are compared in relation to their (i) geomorphic composition, using similarity indices (Whittaker, βw, Sorensen, Cs) and nestedness estimators (NOFD, WNODF), (ii) geomorphic abundance, using morpho‐assembling densities (Dgm), and (iii) geomorphic diversity, using six alpha‐diversity indices (Richness, S, Menhinick, DMN, Simpson, D, Shannon, H', Berger‐Parker, d, and Brillouin, HB). An advanced geomorphological taxonomy is implemented for areas with limited open‐access data, including a set of planform features captured through scale‐frequency decomposition. Photographic, cartographic and fieldwork data are used for landform identification at 1200 random sampling points, empirically determined by a bootstrap method. The results show a chronological ordering of the compared variables and a possible co‐evolution towards an increase in organizational geomorphic complexity of coastal systems at broad space‐timescales. The method proposed in this study can contribute, from a metrical perspective, to finding new long‐term evolutionary features and constitutes an advance in the development of an integrated model of coastal evolution in oceanic islands. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verbal insight revisited: fMRI evidence for early processing in bilateral insulae for solutions with AHA! experience shortly after trial onset
Authors: Becker Maxi , Sommer Tobias , Kühn Simone 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn insight problem solving solutions with AHA! experience have been assumed to be the consequence of restructuring of a problem which usually takes place shortly before the solution. However, evidence from priming studies suggests that solutions with AHA! are not spontaneously generated during the solution process but already relate to prior subliminal processing. We test this hypothesis by conducting an fMRI study using a modified compound remote associates paradigm which incorporates semantic priming. We observe stronger brain activity in bilateral anterior insulae already shortly after trial onset in problems that were later solved with than without AHA!. This early activity was independent of semantic priming but may be related to other lexical properties of attended words helping to reduce the amount of solutions to look for. In contrast, there was more brain activity in bilateral anterior insulae during solutions that were solved without than with AHA!. This timing (after trial start/during solution) x solution experience (with/without AHA!) interaction was significant. The results suggest that (a) solutions accompanied with AHA! relate to early solution‐relevant processing and (b) both solution experiences differ in timing when solution‐relevant processing takes place. In this context, we discuss the potential role of the anterior insula as part of the salience network involved in problem solving by allocating attentional resources.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival compared with concurrent chemoradiation alone in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with N3 disease
Authors: Han James E. , Yi Sun K. , Wang Steven , Erman Audrey , Bearelly Shethal , Sindhu Simran , Robbins Jared R. , Bauman Julie , Hsu Charles C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) trials in endemic regions of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) found improved survival, but studies are lacking in nonendemic regions. We assessed whether adding NAC to concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) improves overall survival (OS), especially in high‐risk nonendemic patients.MethodsDefinitively treated NPC patients (n = 5424) from the National Cancer Database were analyzed for predictors of NAC and NAC effects on OS with multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis (multivariate analysis [MVA]). Propensity score matched (1:2) survival analysis of NAC (n = 968) and CRT alone (n = 1914) was also performed. Effects on OS were stratified by risk group.ResultsOn MVA, NAC‐improved OS among the total cohort (hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, P = .049), particularly among stratified keratinizing histology (HR 0.82, P = .015) and N3 disease (HR 0.73, P = .046). Among propensity matched patients, NAC improved OS in patients with N3 disease (n = 336; HR 0.71, P = .046).ConclusionsNAC may improve OS among nonendemic NPC patients at higher risk of distant micrometastases, particularly N3 disease and those with unfavorable histology.
Diabetes coverage in Australian newspapers (2013‐2017): A computer‐based linguistic analysis
Authors: Bednarek Monika , Carr Georgia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIssue addressedThis study analysed diabetes coverage in 12 Australian metropolitan/national newspapers over a period of 5 years (2013‐2017). It aimed to describe quantitative tendencies in diabetes coverage (amount of articles per newspaper and over time) and to identify potential discrepancies between diabetes coverage and societal prevalence of diabetes. The study addressed the following research questions, with a focus on language use:

How frequent are mentions of different types of diabetes?
How are people with diabetes referred to?
How frequent and how distributed are mentions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and matters?
MethodsData were collected in electronic format, manually classified and processed using a specialised software program, with a focus on quantitative analysis.Results577 articles were classified as news and 117 were classified as “non‐news.” The Australian Financial Review published the fewest items, followed by the NT News, while the West Australian and the Advertiser published the most. References to “type 2” appear slightly more frequent and more distributed than to “type 1” diabetes. The labelling of people with the noun diabetic/s occurs in about a quarter of the dataset. References to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people or matters appear to be extremely rare in the analysed dataset.ConclusionsDiabetes coverage does not fully align with incidence of diabetes among Australians, and problematic language practices such as the labelling of people as “diabetics” continue to occur.So what?Given the agenda‐setting function of the news media, new strategies may be needed to change how Australian metropolitan and national newspapers cover diabetes, especially in relation to incorporating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander voices and perspectives.