bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of TRIZ Tools for Forecasting the Evolution of Technical Systems
Authors: Chybowska Dorota , Chybowski Leszek 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article presents tools used in the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) which are useful when assessing the evolution direction of technical systems. The following matters are discussed: the S-shaped curve, laws (trends and lines) of the evolution of technical systems, multi-screen diagrams, as well as analysis of evolutionary potential. Inventive laws formulated by Gienrich Altshuller as well as laws previously formulated by a Polish writer and promoter of knowledge, Aleksander Głowacki, writing under the pen name Bolesław Prus, have been presented. Finally the innovation roadmaps have been shown. The use of individual tools has been supported by practical examples taken from research performed by the authors, and the usefulness of individual methods was evaluated. All methods have been compared and evaluated.
Safety Management of Water Economy. Case Study of the Water and Sewerage Company
Authors: Karwot Janusz , Ober Józef 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study addresses the issues of water management safety management in the context of shaping the appropriate level of municipal services in Poland, related to quality standards and the availability of water resources for enterprises and the local community. The literature review presents examples of activities concerning the evaluation of the quality and availability of groundwater and their suitability for domestic and commercial use in the world. The key parameters of water intended for human consumption, which affect its quality, have been selected based on the literature and the Polish standards set out in the regulation. On this basis, appropriate parameters for case-study research were selected. In the following, the analytical methods and tools used to assess water quality were characterized. In the case study example, the analysis of water parameters from selected three different intakes in 2015-2017 (Tęczowa, Stodoły and GPW Rybnik-Północ) was performed and the functioning and role of the internal Water and Sewage Laboratory in the safety management of water economy in the water and sewerage company has been presented.
A mathematical analysis for the blade coating process of Oldroyd 4-constant fluid
Authors: Shahzad Hasan , Wang Xinhua , Mughees Muhammad , Sajid Muhammad , Ali Nasir 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A mathematical study of an Oldroyd 4-constant fluid for a blade coating process is studied in this paper. The results for plane as well as exponential coaters are analyzed. Suitable dimensionless variables are used to convert the model governing equations into dimensionless form. Lubrication approximation theory is applied to simplify the dimensionless form of governing partial differential equations. The well-known numerical technique known as the shooting method is used to solve the non-linear boundary value problem. Influence of the involved rheological parameters on the blade coating process is analyzed. From an engineering point of view, load on the blade and pressure are important outcomes of the present study as they ensure the thickness and quality of coating and enhance the life of the substrate. The effects of material parameters on load, thickness, velocity, pressure and pressure gradient are discussed. Obtained results for velocity, pressure gradient and pressure distribution are shown graphically, whereas load and thickness are expressed in a tabulated form.
Applications of magnetic resonance imaging in chemical engineering
Authors: Benders Stefan , Blümich Bernhard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
While there are many techniques to study phenomena that occur in chemical engineering applications, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receives increasing scientific interest. Its non-invasive nature and wealth of parameters with the ability to generate functional images and contrast favors the use of MRI for many purposes, in particular investigations of dynamic phenomena, since it is very sensitive to motion. Recent progress in flow-MRI has led to shorter acquisition times and enabled studies of transient phenomena. Reactive systems can easily be imaged if NMR parameters such as relaxation change along the reaction coordinate. Moreover, materials and devices can be examined, such as batteries by mapping the magnetic field around them.
Alternatives for Financing of Municipal Investments - Green Bonds
Authors: Aleksandrova-Zlatanska Svetlana , Kalcheva Desislava Zheleva 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The perspective of global climate change emerges as a significant political, economic, financial and social issue. Scientific researches show that the accumulated carbon dioxide (CO2), released by the industry and agriculture, together with the contribution of man-made greenhouse gases leads to a rise in the temperature of the earth's surface. Traditional sources of financing capital expenditure, such as own revenues and bank financing have proved to be extremely insufficient. At the same time, not only traditional municipal needs, such as costs for street, road, bridge, school construction etc., but also the need of investments related to climate change have been on the rise. The purpose of this article is to examine and analyze alternatives for financing climate change-related municipal investments. The subject of the research is green bonds and the so-called Subnational Pooled Financing Mechanisms, which have already gained popularity in Western Europe but are not yet well known in Eastern Europe. The positive aspects and opportunities that the green bond market reveals as well as the barriers to this type of financing are assessed and an analysis of the practice of bond financing in Europe is made.
The consumer explained from the perspective of the extended self
Authors: Manolică Adriana , Roman Teodora , Ciurdea Ioana Daniela 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Although the extended self is a relatively new concept, over the years it has developed rapidly, being the subject of study of several marketing researches. Our possessions contribute to reflecting our identity, so it is very important to look at how people expand their self in relation to others and how possessions become part of themselves. We can not hope to understand the behavior of consumers without first gaining a certain understanding of the attention they give to their possessions. The main findings until now show that certain objects accelerate the interest of the consumer for the actual consumption, because the consumption helps define people about what they are. Our aim is to deepen this idea through a survey.
Monitorização da oferta do oxigênio suplementar em neonatos: desafios e potências
Authors: Cruz Vanessa Oliveira Ossola da , Lanzillotti Luciana da Silva , Zin Andrea , Entringer Aline Piovezan , Araujo Marcelle Campos , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra da 
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: avaliar as práticas da equipe multidisciplinar na monitorização de oxigênio suplementar ofertado para recém-nascidos. Métodos: estudo transversal, com dados provenientes de um instrumento observacional relacionado à monitorização da oferta do oxigênio. A coleta de dados foi em um mês, no plantão diurno, o qual foi observado a prática de 104 profissionais resultando em 22 dias observados e 188 monitores checados pela própria pesquisadora. Resultados: a relação de monitores corretos, comparado a configuração está desligado e alterado o ajuste, resultou em mediana de 0,43 e desvio padrão de 0,17. Ou seja, 57,0% dos monitores não estavam no ajuste adequado. Vale destacar que 100,0% dos recém-nascidos estavam monitorizados e em uso do blender. Conclusão: constata-se que as práticas desenvolvidas pela equipe multidisciplinar nesta instituição estão de acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria diante de todos os recém-nascidos estarem monitorizados e em uso do blender na oferta do oxigênio suplementar.
Restoration of fertility in a woman with giant prolactinoma in response to cabergoline treatment
Authors: Astaf’eva L I , Sidneva Y G , Kadashev B A , Kalinin P L , Melnichenko G A , Agadzhanian S A 
Published: September 2019

Summary
A 32-year-old woman presented with primary amenorrhoea, prolactin (PRL) level of 154 150 mIU/L and was diagnosed with a giant pituitary adenoma measuring maximum 6.2 cm. Cabergoline (CAB) treatment at a dose of 0.5 mg/week was prescribed to the patient. The treatment decreased the tumour size after 3 months (MRI scans of the brain) and brought back to normal the level of the PRL (345 mIU/L) after 6 months of CAB treatment. After 7 months of CAB treatment, menarche was achieved, and after 12 months, the patient became pregnant. She discontinued taking CAB at 4-week gestation. The pregnancy resulted in a missed miscarriage at 6–7 weeks; an abortion was conducted by the vacuum aspiration method. The MRI scans of the brain did not show any tumour enlargement. After 18 months from the start of the treatment the patient got pregnant for the second time. At 25-week gestation an MRI scan of the brain was conducted which did not show any increase in the tumour size. At 38 weeks the patient delivered a healthy full-term girl via C-section. The patient chose not to breastfeed and resumed CAB therapy after the delivery. During the treatment, the PRL level returned to the normal range and the menstrual cycle was restored. After 3 years the patient got pregnant for the third time. The patient did not receive CAB during the pregnancies; the examination did not show any tumour enlargement. Further MRI scans did not show any tumour growth. CAB therapy was effective in normalization of the PRL level, tumour shrinkage, menarche and pregnancy-induction which led to the birth of healthy children in a woman with primary amenorrhoea and a giant prolactinoma invading the skull base bones.

Learning points:

Giant prolactinomas are very rarely found in women.

Cabergoline therapy can be effective in the normalization of the PRL level, tumour shrinkage, menarche induction in a woman with primary amenorrhoea, and giant prolactinoma.

Cabergoline therapy can be effective in pregnancy induction which leads to the birth of children in a woman with giant prolactinoma.

Cabergoline discontinuation did not trigger tumour enlargement during pregnancy.
Influence of hormones on the immunotolerogenic molecule HLA-G: a cross-sectional study in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Nguyen Lee S , Rouas-Freiss Nathalie , Funck-Brentano Christian , Leban Monique , Carosella Edgardo D , Touraine Philippe , Varnous Shaida , Bachelot Anne , Salem Joe-Elie 
Published: September 2019

Background
HLA-G is an immune checkpoint molecule, naturally expressed during pregnancy, playing a critical role in the tolerance of the fetal semi-allograft from the maternal immune system. While HLA-G expression levels are associated with progesterone, the influence of other hormones is still unclear. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) represents an adequate model to study the hormonal influence on biomarkers as it leads to impaired cortisol biosynthesis and increased progesterone and androgens production due to 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study of CAH patients matched on sex and age with healthy control, the association between circulating levels of soluble HLA-G and hormones was assessed by use of non-parametric analyses tests. Multivariable linear regressions were performed on normalized data.

Results
Overall, 83 CAH patients and 69 healthy controls were included. Among CAH patients, all were under glucocorticoid and 52 (62.6%) were under mineralocorticoid supplementation. Compared to controls, CAH patients had increased HLA-G levels (15 vs 8 ng/mL, P = 0.02). In controls, HLA-G level was independently associated with progesterone and estradiol (β = 0.44 (0.35–1.27) and −0.44 (−0.94, −0.26) respectively, both P values = 0.001). In CAH patients, HLA-G level was independently associated with mineralocorticoid supplementation dosage (β = 0.25 (0.04–0.41), P = 0.001) and estradiol (β = −0.22 (−0.57, −0.02), P < 0.001).

Conclusion
CAH patients had higher HLA-G levels than healthy controls. HLA-G level was positively associated with progesterone and corticosteroid supplementation, and negatively with estradiol. The association between mineralocorticoid, renin and HLA-G levels may suggest a role of the renin-angiotensin system in the expression of soluble HLA-G.
Comparison of fatty acids profile of the gonads and eggs of Lutjanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) obtained from wild and captive broodstock
Authors: Chacón-Guzmán Jonathan , Carvajal-Oses Milagro , Toledo-Agüero Pedro , Flores-Gatica Héctor 
Published: September 2019

The proportions of fatty acids present in eggs and gonads of wild and captive Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869) were evaluated to assist in obtaining nutritional information necessary to improve the diets provided in aquaculture production centers of this species. Samples of eggs and gonads were obtained from broodstock (1.0±0.1 kg) kept in the Pacific Marine Park (PMP), Costa Rica, and from individuals caught by fishermen in their natural environment. The samples were taken in triplicate during the period spanning from August to September 2015. Captive snappers were fed a fresh diet. Spawns and gonads were obtained from two groups of 16 specimens each of captive and wild fish, both groups having a sex ratio of 1:1 male to female. Gonads from females were selected according to their maturity stage, and male gonads were sampled based on the quantity, viscosity and color of semen. There were no statistically significant differences (p≥0.05) between egg diameters and oil droplets size; viability rates, expressed as percentages, were considered to be high and appropriate for comparison (91.2% captive, 86.1% wild). There were also no statistically significant differences in the fatty acid composition of eggs obtained from wild and captive females (p=0.2188), or in gonads from males (p=0.6179) and wild and captive females (p=0.1153). The presence of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was observed in all of the samples analyzed, while arachidonic acid (ARA) was found in amounts ranging from 0.38 to 5.07% and was not present in the eggs of wild females or in the gonads of captive females.
Gender Differences in Earnings of Early- and Midcareer Pediatricians
Authors: Frintner Mary Pat , Sisk Blake , Byrne Bobbi J. , Freed Gary L. , Starmer Amy J. , Olson Lynn M. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
The US physician workforce includes an increasing number of women, with pediatrics having the highest percentage. In recent research on physicians, it is indicated that men earn more than women. It is unclear how this finding extends to pediatricians.

METHODS:
We examined cross-sectional 2016 data on earnings from the American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study, a longitudinal study of early- and midcareer pediatricians. To estimate adjusted differences in pediatrician earnings between men and women, we conducted 4 ordinary least squares regression models. Model 1 examined gender, unadjusted; model 2 controlled for labor force characteristics; model 3 controlled for both labor force and physician-specific job characteristics; and model 4 controlled for labor force, physician-specific job, and work-family characteristics.

RESULTS:
Sixty-seven percent of Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study participants completed the 2016 surveys (1213 out of 1801). The analytic sample was restricted to participants who completed training and worked in general pediatrics, hospitalist care, or subspecialty care (n = 998). Overall pediatrician-reported mean annual income was $189 804. Before any adjustment, women earned ∼76% of what men earned, or ∼$51 000 less. Adjusting for common labor force characteristics such as demographics, work hours, and specialty, women earned ∼87% of what men earned, or ∼$26 000 less. Adjusting for a comprehensive set of labor force, physician-specific job, and work-family characteristics, women earned ∼94% of what men earned, or ∼$8000 less.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early- to midcareer female pediatricians earned less than male pediatricians. This difference persisted after adjustment for important labor force, physician-specific job, and work-family characteristics. In future work, researchers should use longitudinal analyses and further explore family obligations and choices.
Medio ambiente, crecimiento urbano y rol del Estado: planificación urbana en San Carlos de Bariloche
Authors: Medina Víctor Damián , Guevara Tomás Alejandro , Marigo Pablo 
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo busca explorar y describir la relación entre crecimiento urbano y medio ambiente y su incidencia en la configuración territorial de las ciudades turísticas tomando como eje el rol del Estado y sus herramientas de planificación urbana. Esta relación se torna más evidente en ciudades turísticas basadas en el medio ambiente, donde la disputa por la apropiación y el uso del suelo están atravesadas por la principal actividad económica local. Como caso de estudio se propone analizar la instrumentación normativa, y aplicación efectiva, del Plan Director de 1979 de San Carlos de Bariloche, un centro turístico localizado al norte de la Patagonia argentina que históricamente tendió a crecer a lo largo de su franja costera. La metodología cualitativa empleada incluyó, principalmente, el análisis de documentos públicos —como códigos urbanos y ordenanzas modificatorias—, y entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave. Complementariamente, también se hizo uso de imágenes aéreas y mapas de la ciudad para situar históricamente el proceso de urbanización. Se concluye que el mercado inmobiliario local traza, en definitiva, las lógicas de expansión territorial que, mediadas por el atractivo turístico, expresan la apropiación desigual del suelo y el medioambiente.
Estudo comparativo do perfil de idosos atendidos em um hospital terciário: ambulatório de psiquiatria geriátrica e unidade de internação psiquiátrica
Authors: Güenter Letícia , Jardim Gabriel Behr Gomes , Jr Francisco Pascoal , Spanemberg Lucas , Pacheco Marco Antônio , Sgnaolin Vanessa , Cataldo Neto Alfredo 
Published: September 2019

AIMS: To verify the profile of the elderly and their main diagnoses in the geriatrics psychiatric outpatient clinic and the psychiatric hospitalization unit of a tertiary hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of population-based was performed in a tertiary referral hospital, with individuals aged ≥55 years attending the geriatric psychiatric outpatient clinic and psychiatric hospitalization, from 2014 to 2018. Data were collected through interviews. The studied variables were sociodemographic and clinical aspects. RESULTS: A total of 497 individuals were evaluated, 269 from the psychiatric outpatient clinic and 228 from the psychiatric hospital. The mean age was 69.34±8.87 years. Most of the patients were female (75.8%), had no partner (56.3%), had primary education (50.3%), lived in Porto Alegre (75.6%) and were retired (66.5%). According to the clinical variables studied, 89.6% of the individuals had some morbidity, 36.9% had already been admitted to the psychiatric ward, the most common diagnosis was depression (40.8%), followed by bipolar disorder (19%) and anxiety (14.1%). CONCLUSIONS: With the population aging, it is expected to increase morbidity and mental disorders, requiring more specific diagnostic tools and better treatment approaches. There are still no consistent data on the management of mood disorders in the elderly, so our study can guide a better care for elderly and aging individuals, improving the planning of health services and policies.
Greedy Maximization of Functions with Bounded Curvature under Partition Matroid Constraints
Authors: Friedrich Tobias , Göbel Andreas , Neumann Frank , Quinzan Francesco , Rothenberger Ralf 
Published: September 2019

We investigate the performance of a deterministic GREEDY algorithm for the problem of maximizing functions under a partition matroid constraint. We consider non-monotone submodular functions and monotone subadditive functions. Even though constrained maximization problems of monotone submodular functions have been extensively studied, little is known about greedy maximization of non-monotone submodular functions or monotone subadditive functions.
We give approximation guarantees for GREEDY on these problems, in terms of the curvature. We find that this simple heuristic yields a strong approximation guarantee on a broad class of functions.
We discuss the applicability of our results to three real-world problems: Maximizing the determinant function of a positive semidefinite matrix, and related problems such as the maximum entropy sampling problem, the constrained maximum cut problem on directed graphs, and combinatorial auction games.
We conclude that GREEDY is well-suited to approach these problems. Overall, we present evidence to support the idea that, when dealing with constrained maximization problems with bounded curvature, one needs not search for (approximate) monotonicity to get good approximate solutions.
Ekinezya (Echinaceae purpurea L.) bitkisinde tuz stresi ve deniz yosunu uygulamalarının bazı fizyolojik parametreler üzerine etkisinin araştırılması
Authors: KARA Alya , TUNÇTÜRK Murat , TUNÇTÜRK Rüveyde 
Published: September 2019

Araştırma,
ekinezyada (Echinacea purpurea L.) 150 mM dozunda farklı tuz kaynakları (NaCl, KCl ve CaCl2) ve deniz yosunu (Ascophyllum
nodosum) ekstraktı dozlarının (kontrol, 2, 4 ve
6 cc l-1) büyüme parametreleri ile biyokimyasal
değişiklikler üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme,
Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Deseni’ ne göre faktöriyel düzende 4 tekerrürlü
olarak kontrollü iklim odasında yürütülmüştür. Denemede, ekinezyanın yaprak
alanı, klorofil miktarı, yaprak dokularında iyon sızıntısı, malondialdehit
düzeyi (MDA), yaprak dokularında bağıl su içeriği ve membran dayanıklılık
indeksi gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, tuz stresinin bitkinin yaprak
alanını, yaprak dokularında bağıl su içeriğini, membran dayanıklılık indeksi ve
klorofil miktarını azalttığı; MDA seviyesi ile yaprak dokularında iyon
sızıntısını arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Deniz yosunu uygulamaları ile MDA
seviyesi ve yaprak dokularında iyon sızıntısı dışında incelenen tüm
parametreler önemli seviyede artmıştır.
Harran ovasında sulama, drenaj ve toprak tuzluluğu etkileşimi
Authors: BAHÇECİ Barış 
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada, Harran ovasında drenaj sularının
sulamada kullanılmasının toprakta su ve tuz dengesi üzerine olası etkileri
irdelenmiştir. Ovadaki açık drenaj kanal sularının, yüzeyaltı drenaj sularına
göre daha az tuz içerdiği ve mevsim sonuna doğru tuz içeriklerinin azaldığı
görülmüştür. Drenaj sistemleri kurulu alanlarda sulama mevsiminde, su tablası
düzeyi genellikle 140-160 cm derinlikte seyretmektedir. Bu koşullarda
SaltMod bilgisayar modeli, kök bölgesi tuzluluğunun, 3 yıl içinde 7.0’den
3.0 dSm-1ye, 10 yıl içinde ise 1.5 dSm-1’ye
düşeceğini, ayrıca tuzluluğu EC=1.5 dSm-1’ye kadar olan sularla
yapılan sulamaların toprak tuzluluğunda azalışa, EC=2.5-3.0 dS m-1
ve daha fazla olanların ise toprak tuzluluğunda artışa neden olacağını
öngörmüştür.