bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease-Associated Costs in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: El-Matary Wael , Kuenzig M Ellen , Singh Harminder , Okoli George , Moghareh Mohammad , Kumar Harsh , Lê Mê-Linh , Benchimol Eric I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
As a chronic noncurable disorder often diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) confers a significant financial lifetime burden. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the disease-associated costs (both direct and indirect) associated with IBD in children and young adults.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the literature and included any study reporting direct health services–related costs or the indirect economic burden of IBD in persons aged ≤19 years (PROSPERO protocol number CRD2016036128). A technical panel of experts in pediatric gastroenterology and research methodology formulated the review questions, reviewed the search strategies and review methods, and provided input throughout the review process.

Results
Nine studies met criteria for inclusion, 6 of which examined direct costs, 1 of which examined both direct and indirect costs, 1 of which assessed indirect costs, and 1 of which assessed out-of-pocket (OOP) costs. Inflammatory bowel disease–associated costs were significantly higher compared with costs in non-IBD populations, with wide variations in cost estimates, which prevented us from conducting a meta-analysis. Costs in Crohn’s disease were higher than in ulcerative colitis. Overall, direct costs shifted from inpatient hospitalization as a major source of direct costs to medications, mainly driven by anti–tumor necrosis factor agents, as the leading cause of direct costs. Predictors of high costs included uncontrolled disease, corticosteroid treatment in the previous year, and comorbidity burden.

Conclusions
The pediatric literature examining IBD-attributable costs is limited, with widely variable cost estimates. There is a significant knowledge gap in the research surrounding indirect costs and OOP expenses.
No fear of bankruptcy: the innate self-subsidizing forces in recreational fishing
Authors: Kleiven Alf Ring , Moland Even , Sumaila U Rashid 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recreational fishing, by both local residents and tourists, is a popular activity globally. The behaviour and motivation of recreational fishers is different from those of commercial fishers. Unlike the latter, the former are not dependent on making profits to continue fishing. Rather, the value of recreational fishing to those who engage in it is a combination of catches and experience values. The latter value implies that recreational fishers might continue fishing when they should not, analogous to the effect of subsidy in the commercial fishing sector. Hence, the term “self-subsidizing”: a fishery as one in which fishers subsidize themselves through an economic investment in gear and time from their non-fishery-based earnings. The consequence of which is that recreational fishers can continue fishing long after the commercial fishing industry has stopped fishing because their operations have become economically unviable. There is reason to argue that in many areas, recreational fishing effort, due to the self-subsidizing mechanism, is sustained at a high rate while stocks decrease. In this contribution, we describe the innate self-subsidizing forces in recreational fishing and discuss their implications.
Model-free time series analysis detected the contributions of middle-age spawner biomass and the environment on Pacific bluefin tuna recruitment
Authors: Nakayama Shin-Ichiro , Fukuda Hiromu , Nakatsuka Shuya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe relationship between the biomass of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBF) spawners and the amount of recruitment (stock–recruitment relationship, SRR) is unclear. It is likely that environmental effects have masked the SRR of PBF. As the basis of constructing an effective SRR for PBF, we examined the effect of spawning biomass at different ages and the spatiotemporal patterns of environmental effects on the amount of recruitment, using a recently developed model-free nonlinear time series analysis method (empirical dynamic modelling, EDM). EDM revealed where, when, and how the environment affected the amount of recruitment. EDM also found a significant contribution of ages 8–9 spawners on recruitment dynamics and that the amount of recruitment plateaus with increase in ages 8–9 spawners. Based on knowledge obtained from EDM, we formulated several example SRRs that incorporated environmental effects (sea surface temperature). The newly developed SRR with information from EDM outperformed the SRR without this information. Finally, we interpreted the results based on preceding observational and experimental studies and discussed the potential of applying the combination of EDM and mathematical modelling towards the sustainable use of other stocks.
Vacuum-assisted closure versus closed irrigation for deep sternal wound infection treatment in infants: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Ivanzov Sergey , Soynov Ilya , Kulyabin Yuriy , Zubritskiy Alexey , Voitov Alexey , Omelchenko Alexander , Arkhipov Alexey , Bogachev-Prokophiev Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare vacuum-assisted closure therapy (VAC) and closed irrigation drainage therapy (CID) for deep sternal wound infection treatment in infants.

METHODS
From January 2008 to March 2018, 69 patients (1.73%) had deep sternal wound infection. They were divided into 2 groups: patients treated with VAC therapy (VAC group, 29 patients) and those treated with CID therapy (CID group, 40 patients). After performing a propensity score analysis (1:1) for the entire sample, 16 patients receiving VAC therapy were matched with 16 patients receiving CID therapy.

RESULTS
No significant difference was noted between both groups regarding age [d = 0.045; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.07], gender (d = 0.001; 95% CI 0.22–4.45), weight (d = 0.011; 95% CI 0.73–1.35), body surface area (d = −0.023; 95% CI 0.01–5733.08), cardiopulmonary bypass (d = 0; 95% CI 0.16–5.90) and open chest duration (d = −0.112; 95% CI 0.31–5.16). Five patients died in the CID group (31.25%) during hospital stay, and there were no deaths in the VAC group (P = 0.024). Recurrence of mediastinitis occurred in 1 patient (6.25%) from the VAC group and in 6 patients (37.5%) from the CID group (P = 0.037). The multivariable regression analysis revealed that the CID method was the only risk factor for remediastinitis (odds ratio 17.3; 95% CI 1.04–286.75; P = 0.046).

CONCLUSIONS
Use of VAC therapy in infants with deep sternal wound infection was associated with a substantial decrease in the mortality rate and duration of therapy compared with CID technique. The CID technique was an independent risk factor for recurrence of mediastinitis.
Retirement and decline in episodic memory: analysis from a prospective study of adults in England
Authors: Romero Starke Karla , Seidler Andreas , Hegewald Janice , Klimova Anna , Palmer Katie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Work has been associated with cognitive health. We examined whether retirement from work is associated with a decrease in episodic memory and whether this effect differs when considering workers’ occupational class.

Methods
In this prospective study using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we examined 1629 persons aged 50–75 years who were in paid work at baseline. A two-slope random effects linear regression centred at retirement was used to study the effect of retirement on episodic memory. The potential effect modification by occupational class was examined.

Results
While memory trajectories show slightly decreasing memory scores before and afterretirement, the decreasing rates for both periods were similar [episodic memory β2b−β2a= −0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.08, 0.02]. When stratifying by occupational class, there was also no substantial difference in episodic memory trajectories before and after retirement. However, the lower occupational class showed a clear decline in episodic memory with time (pre-retirement β2a = −0.11, 95% CI −0.19, −0.03; post-retirement β2b = −0.13, 95% CI −0.19, −0.07) which was not evident for the higher occupational classes.

Conclusions
Our results show no observable difference in trajectories of change in episodic memory before and after retirement. However, the steeper memory decline in workers belonging to the lower occupational class may limit their prospect of prolonging their working lives. Hence enrichment programmes for the prevention of memory decline for these workers should be considered.
Islamist Terrorism, Out-Group Trust, and Motivation to Control Prejudice
Authors: Steen-Johnsen Kari , Winsvold Marte Slagsvold 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing Norwegian survey experiments (N = 1,541), we examined the relationship between Islamist terrorist threats and trust in out-groups, focusing on how this relationship was conditioned by the “motivation to control prejudice” (MCP) and emotions of anxiety. After exposure to a news story describing an Islamist threat scenario, the treatment group reported higher levels of trust in out-groups than the control group. High levels of MCP were linked to higher levels of trust; anxiety played an ambiguous role. Although anxiety had a strong negative effect on trust in out-groups, the positive effect of MCP increased with rising anxiety levels, thus making the people who were most scared also more trusting. Activation of social norms may, thus, bolster distrust.
Strong Ill-Posedness of the 3D Incompressible Euler Equation in Borderline Spaces
Authors: Bourgain Jean , Li Dong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor the $d$-dimensional incompressible Euler equation, the usual energy method gives local well-posedness for initial velocity in Sobolev space $H^s(\mathbb{R}^d)$, $s&gt;s_c:=d/2+1$. The borderline case $s=s_c$ was a folklore conjecture. In the previous paper [2], we introduced a new strategy (large lagrangian deformation and high frequency perturbation) and proved strong ill-posedness in the critical space $H^1(\mathbb{R}^2)$. The main issues in 3D are vorticity stretching, lack of $L^p$ conservation, and control of lifespan. Nevertheless in this work we overcome these difficulties and show strong ill-posedness in 3D. Our results include general borderline Sobolev and Besov spaces.
Hemolytic Dynamics of Weekly Primaquine Antirelapse Therapy Among Cambodians With Acute Plasmodium vivax Malaria With or Without Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Taylor Walter R J , Kheng Sim , Muth Sinoun , Tor Pety , Kim Saorin , Bjorge Steven , Topps Narann , Kosal Khem , Sothea Khon , Souy Phum , Char Chuor Meng , Vanna Chan , Ly Po , Khieu Virak , Christophel Eva , Kerleguer Alexandra , Pantaleo Antonella , Mukaka Mavuto , Menard Didier , Baird J Kevin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHemoglobin (Hb) data are limited in Southeast Asian glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient (G6PD−) patients treated weekly with the World Health Organization–recommended primaquine regimen (ie, 0.75 mg/kg/week for 8 weeks [PQ 0.75]).MethodsWe treated Cambodians who had acute Plasmodium vivax infection with PQ0.75 and a 3-day course of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine and determined the Hb level, reticulocyte count, G6PD genotype, and Hb type.ResultsSeventy-five patients (male sex, 63) aged 5–63 years (median, 24 years) were enrolled. Eighteen were G6PD deficient (including 17 with G6PD Viangchan) and 57 were not G6PD deficient; 26 had HbE (of whom 25 were heterozygous), and 6 had α-/β-thalassemia. Mean Hb concentrations at baseline (ie, day 0) were similar between G6PD deficient and G6PD normal patients (12.9 g/dL [range, 9‒16.3 g/dL] and 13.26 g/dL [range, 9.6‒16 g/dL], respectively; P = .46). G6PD deficiency (P = &lt;.001), higher Hb concentration at baseline (P = &lt;.001), higher parasitemia level at baseline (P = .02), and thalassemia (P = .027) influenced the initial decrease in Hb level, calculated as the nadir level minus the baseline level (range, −5.8–0 g/dL; mean, −1.88 g/dL). By day 14, the mean difference from the day 7 level (calculated as the day 14 level minus the day 7 level) was 0.03 g/dL (range, −0.25‒0.32 g/dL). Reticulocyte counts decreased from days 1 to 3, peaking on day 7 (in the G6PD normal group) and day 14 (in the G6PD deficient group); reticulocytemia at baseline (P = .001), G6PD deficiency (P = &lt;.001), and female sex (P = .034) correlated with higher counts. One symptomatic, G6PD-deficient, anemic male patient was transfused on day 4.ConclusionsThe first PQ0.75 exposure was associated with the greatest decrease in Hb level and 1 blood transfusion, followed by clinically insignificant decreases in Hb levels. PQ0.75 requires monitoring during the week after treatment. Safer antirelapse regimens are needed in Southeast Asia.Clinical Trials RegistrationACTRN12613000003774.
HydroShoot: a functional-structural plant model for simulating hydraulic structure, gas and energy exchange dynamics of complex plant canopies under water deficit—application to grapevine (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Albasha R , Fournier C , Pradal C , Chelle M , Prieto J A , Louarn G , Simonneau T , Lebon E 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents HydroShoot, a leaf-based functional-structural plant model (FSPM) that simulates gas exchange rates of complex plant canopies under water deficit conditions. HydroShoot is built assuming that simulating both the hydraulic structure of the shoot together with the energy budget of individual leaves is the asset for successfully scaling-up leaf to canopy gas exchange rates. HydroShoot includes three interacting modules: hydraulic, which calculates the distribution of xylem water potential across shoot hydraulic segments; energy, which calculates the complete energy budget of individual leaves; and exchange, which calculates net carbon assimilation and transpiration rates of individual leaves. HydroShoot was evaluated on virtual and real grapevines having strongly contrasted canopies, under well-watered and water deficit conditions. It captured accurately the impact of canopy architecture and soil water status on plant-scale gas exchange rates and leaf-scale temperature and water potential. Both shoot hydraulic structure and leaf energy budget simulations were, as postulated, required to adequately scaling-up leaf to canopy gas exchange rates. Notwithstanding, simulating shoot hydraulic structure was found more necessary to adequately performing this scaling task than simulating leaf energy budget. That is, the intra-canopy variability of leaf water potential was a better predictor of the reduction of whole plant gas exchange rates under water deficit than the intra-canopy variability of leaf temperature. We conclude that simulating the shoot hydraulic structure is a prerequisite if FSPMs are to be used to assess gas exchange rates of complex plant canopies as those of grapevines. Finally, HydroShoot is available through the OpenAlea platform (https://github.com/openalea/hydroshoot) as a set of reusable modules.
Web Content Analysis of University Forestry and Related Natural Resources Landing Webpages in the United States in Relation to Student and Faculty Diversity
Authors: Bal Tara L , Sharik Terry L 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnder-representation of minorities and women in natural resources (NR)-related fields is common, both as students and as professionals. The perception of a predominantly white, male student body and workforce is a potential barrier to recruiting women and minorities to Forestry and related-NR fields. The images of “forestry” and “natural resources-related” fields were examined as they would be from a potential student’s perspective looking at university and college websites with these degree program majors at the 80 National Association of University Forest Resource Programs member institutions during in 2016. Results suggest the percentage of women and minorities enrolled explains little variation in a program’s website image content, whereas there is significant image under-representation of minorities in all NR fields and of women on forestry-major webpages. In addition, women and minorities are more likely to be portrayed in a passive image, such as posing on campus, rather than in an active image, such as measuring a tree. Potential students are also less likely to see diverse faculty online. A lack of diversity image inclusion in Forestry and related NR will not help students see themselves in these fields or enhance society’s view of these critical fields for future employment and economic growth.
The steps until surgery in the management of Baastrup’s Disease (kissing spine syndrome)
Authors: Kerroum Axel , Laudato Pietro Aniello , Suter Marc R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBaastrup’s disease is a rare condition of the vertebral column often misdiagnosed and wrongly treated due to poor knowledge, characterized by low back pain arising from the close approximation of adjacent posterior spinous processes and resultant degenerative changes. Diagnosis rests on clinical examination and detailed imaging studies. Proposed therapies include conservative treatment, percutaneous infiltrations or surgical therapies. We present the case of a 31-year-old man with persistent chronic lumbago for several years. In whom, the diagnosis of Baastrup’s disease was high suspected clinically, with a final surgical treatment despite the absence of inflammation on imaging studies, which allowed the diagnostic confirmation and the return to a normal social and professional life. We wish through this case, to expose the different steps of interventional diagnostic/therapeutical procedures until the surgical management in a clinical suspicion of Baastrup’s diseases with unclear radiological findings.
Antibiotic and antifungal treatment among persons with confirmed coccidioidomycosis — Southern California, 2011
Authors: Chi Gloria C , Benedict Kaitlin , Beer Karlyn D , Jackson Brendan R , McCotter Orion , Xie Fagen , Lawrence Jean M , Tartof Sara Y 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We investigated coccidioidomycosis testing and treatment patterns among persons in an integrated healthcare delivery system to identify gaps in diagnosis and treatment. Coccidioidomycosis diagnosis delays were common. Among persons who tested positive, 70% were prescribed antibiotics before positive coccidioidomycosis tests. Antibiotic treatment decreased and antifungal treatment increased after positive testing.
Repurposing the thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag as an anticryptococcal agent
Authors: Ko Hao-Tai , Hsu Li-Hang , Yang Sheng-Yung , Chen Ying-Lien 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug with previously unreported antifungal activity was investigated for suitability for use as an anticryptococcal agent. First, we screened a compound library of 1018 FDA-approved drugs against Cryptococcus neoformans. Of 52 drugs possessing anti-Cryptococcus activity, eltrombopag was chosen due to its novel activity. The susceptibility of Cryptococcus against eltrombopag was then studied by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), while the synergy of eltrombopag with other drugs was tested by fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). Eltrombopag had a limited spectrum of antifungal activity against C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex (MICs of 0.125 mg/l), Candida glabrata (MIC, 0.25 mg/l), and Trichophyton rubrum (MIC, 0.5 mg/l). Eltrombopag affected cryptococcal virulence factors, including capsule and biofilm formation, melanin production, and growth ability at 37°C. Further, RNA sequencing and deletion mutant library screening experiments revealed that genes involved in the calcineurin pathway, lipid biosynthesis, membrane component, and transporter genes were associated with eltrombopag. In addition, eltrombopag showed synergism with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 (FICI &lt; 0.5) against Cryptococcus species. In conclusion, eltrombopag exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Cryptococcus species potentially via a mode of action which interferes with virulence factors and the calcineurin pathway, indicating that eltrombopag might be usefully repurposed as an antifungal agent for treating cryptococcosis.
Probing dark matter structure down to 107 solar masses: flux ratio statistics in gravitational lenses with line-of-sight haloes
Authors: Gilman Daniel , Birrer Simon , Treu Tommaso , Nierenberg Anna , Benson Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Strong lensing provides a powerful means of investigating the nature of dark matter as it probes dark matter structure on sub-galactic scales. We present an extension of a forward modelling framework that uses flux ratios from quadruply imaged quasars (quads) to measure the shape and amplitude of the halo mass function, including line-of-sight (LOS) haloes and main deflector subhaloes. We apply this machinery to 50 mock lenses – roughly the number of known quads – with warm dark matter (WDM) mass functions exhibiting free-streaming cut-offs parametrized by the half-mode mass mhm. Assuming cold dark matter (CDM), we forecast bounds on mhm and the corresponding thermal relic particle masses over a range of tidal destruction severity, assuming a particular WDM mass function and mass–concentration relation. With significant tidal destruction, at 2σ we constrain $m_{\rm {hm}}\lt 10^{7.9} \left(10^{8.4}\right) \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, or a 4.4 (3.1) keV thermal relic, with image flux uncertainties from measurements and lens modelling of $2{{\ \rm per\ cent}} \left(6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}\right)$. With less severe tidal destruction we constrain $m_{\rm {hm}}\lt 10^{7} \left(10^{7.4}\right) \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, or an 8.2 (6.2) keV thermal relic. If dark matter is warm, with $m_{\rm {hm}} = 10^{7.7} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ (5.1 keV), we would favour WDM with $m_{\rm {hm}} \gt 10^{7.7} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ over CDM with relative likelihoods of 22:1 and 8:1 with flux uncertainties of $2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively. These bounds improve over those obtained by modelling only main deflector subhaloes because LOS objects produce additional flux perturbations, especially for high-redshift systems. These results indicate that ∼50 quads can conclusively differentiate between WDM and CDM.
The magnetic properties of photospheric magnetic bright points with high-resolution spectropolarimetry
Authors: Keys Peter H , Reid Aaron , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Shelyag Sergiy , Henriques Vasco M J , Hewitt Rebecca L , Del Moro Dario , Jafarzadeh Shahin , Jess David B , Stangalini Marco 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMagnetic bright points (MBPs) are small-scale magnetic elements ubiquitous across the solar disc, with the prevailing theory suggesting that they form due to the process of convective collapse. Employing a unique full Stokes spectropolarimetric data set of a quiet Sun region close to disc centre obtained with the Swedish Solar Telescope, we look at general trends in the properties of magnetic bright points. In total we track 300 MBPs in the data set and we employ NICOLE inversions to ascertain various parameters for the bright points such as line-of-sight magnetic field strength and line-of-sight velocity, for comparison. We observe a bimodal distribution in terms of maximum magnetic field strength in the bright points with peaks at ∼480 G and ∼1700 G, although we cannot attribute the kilogauss fields in this distribution solely to the process of convective collapse. Analysis of muram simulations does not return the same bimodal distribution. However, the simulations provide strong evidence that the emergence of new flux and diffusion of this new flux play a significant role in generating the weak bright point distribution seen in our observations.