bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacitated vehicle routing problem model for carriers
Authors: Rojas-Cuevas Irma-Delia , Caballero-Morales Santiago-Omar , Martinez-Flores Jose-Luis , Mendoza-Vazquez Jose-Rafael 
Published: June 2018

Background: The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is one of the most important transportation problems in logistics and supply chain management. The standard CVRP considers a fleet of vehicles with homogeneous capacity that depart from a warehouse, collect products from (or deliver products to) a set of customer locations (points) and return to the same warehouse. However, the operation of carrier companies and third-party transportation providers may follow a different network flow for collection and delivery. This may lead to non-optimal route planning through the use of the standard CVRP.Objective: To propose a model for carrier companies to obtain optimal route planning.Method: A Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem for Carriers (CVRPfC) model is used to consider the distribution scenario where a fleet of vehicles depart from a vehicle storage depot, collect products from a set of customer points and deliver them to a specific warehouse before returning to the vehicle storage depot. Validation of the model’s functionality was performed with adapted CVRP test problems from the Vehicle Routing Problem LIBrary. Following this, an assessment of the model’s economic impact was performed and validated with data from a real carrier (real instance) with the previously described distribution scenario.Results: The route planning obtained through the CVRPfC model accurately described the network flow of the real instance and significantly reduced its distribution costs.Conclusion: The CVRPfC model can thus improve the competitiveness of the carriers by providing better fares to their customers, reducing their distribution costs in the process.
A spatiotemporal reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic during Dansgaard–Oeschger events 5–8
Authors: Jensen Mari F. , Nummelin Aleksi , Nielsen Søren B. , Sadatzki Henrik , Sessford Evangeline , Risebrobakken Bjørg , Andersson Carin , Voelker Antje , Roberts William H. G. , Pedro Joel , Born Andreas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Here, we establish a spatiotemporal evolution of the sea-surface
temperatures in the North Atlantic over Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events 5–8
(approximately 30–40 kyr) using the proxy surrogate reconstruction method. Proxy data
suggest a large variability in North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures during
the DO events of the last glacial period. However, proxy data availability is
limited and cannot provide a full spatial picture of the oceanic changes.
Therefore, we combine fully coupled, general circulation model simulations
with planktic foraminifera based sea-surface temperature reconstructions to
obtain a broader spatial picture of the ocean state during DO events 5–8. The
resulting spatial sea-surface temperature patterns agree over a number of
different general circulation models and simulations. We find that
sea-surface temperature variability over the DO events is characterized by
colder conditions in the subpolar North Atlantic during stadials than during
interstadials, and the variability is linked to changes in the Atlantic
Meridional Overturning circulation and in the sea-ice cover. Forced
simulations are needed to capture the strength of the temperature variability
and to reconstruct the variability in other climatic records not directly
linked to the sea-surface temperature reconstructions. This is the first time
the proxy surrogate reconstruction method has been applied to oceanic
variability during MIS3. Our results remain robust, even when age
uncertainties of proxy data, the number of available temperature
reconstructions, and different climate models are considered. However, we
also highlight shortcomings of the methodology that should be addressed in
future implementations.
Increased efficacy of stereotactic ablative radiation therapy after bevacizumab in lung oligometastases from colon cancer
Authors: Mazzola Rosario , Tebano Umberto , Aiello Dario , Paola Gioacchino Di , Giaj-Levra Niccolò , Ricchetti Francesco , Fersino Sergio , Fiorentino Alba , Ruggieri Ruggero , Alongi Filippo 
Published: June 2018

Aim: Metastases from colorectal cancer are poorly responsive to stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) due to intratumoral hypoxia. Intratumoral oxygenation is improved by administration of angiogenesis inhibitors. Thus, there could be a clinical synergistic effect of SABR with bevacizumab on metastases from colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of SABR after bevacizumab in lung oligometastases from colon cancer. Methods: The data of patients with lung metastases from colon cancer who underwent SABR were retrospectively evaluated according to the following inclusion criteria: number of metastases ≤3; lung oligometastases from colon cancer in patients who underwent SABR; patients receiving previous chemotherapy alone or in combination with bevacizumab; Karnofsky performance status >80; life expectancy >6 months; at least 6 months’ follow-up after SABR; presence of KRAS mutation. The results were compared with those of a similar cohort of patients with irradiated lung lesions from colorectal cancer in whom bevacizumab was not previously administered. Results: A total of 40 lung metastases were analyzed. The complete response rate after SABR was higher in patients who had received bevacizumab than in those who had not (p = 0.04). Additionally, in the bevacizumab group, a higher rate of post-SABR complete response was observed in case of oligopersistent versus oligorecurrent metastases (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In the setting of lung oligometastases from colon cancer the present study attested the higher efficacy of SABR after bevacizumab administration. Further studies in this field of research are strongly advocated.
“To Battle for Human Rights”: Afro-Creole Spiritualism and Martyrdom
Authors: Clark Emily Suzanne 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
From 1858 to 1877 a group of Afro-Creole men in New Orleans practiced American Spiritualism and received messages from the spirit world. The spirits of the dead advised the Cercle Harmonique, as they called themselves, on issues of theology and politics. Though the Spiritualism practiced by the Cercle Harmonique was similar to that of white, northern Protestants, the practice of the Afro-Creoles was a distinctively African American religion. One of the clearest ways to navigate the process in which Spiritualism became Afro-Creole Spiritualism is by attending to the group's use of the language and rhetoric of martyrdom. Martyrdom provided the Cercle Harmonique a language for understanding the racial violence that surrounded them, and that language also offered the proper response to the violence. The Spiritualist martyrs who engaged the Cercle Harmonique were those who died in defense of Black rights and in contest with white supremacy.
Telegraph Spirits and Muertos Chinos: Technologies of Proximity and Distance in the Material Commemoration of the Dead in Cuba
Authors: Santo Diana Espirito 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
As a technology for the production of historicized spirit forms, espiritismo continually forges its own cosmology from the raw materials of a Cuban syncretistic imagination, with permutations of figures such as the “Congo” and the “Indio” bringing its more visible agencies to the forefront. These yield extensive material forms—dolls, statues, photographs, altars, vessels, and consumables. In this article I ask whether understandings of the “substance” of spirits are tied to, or yield, concepts of the self, and vice-versa. Are selves “deeper,” more connected to the “beyond,” if the spirits are anonymous? Are they “flatter” and more material, the more aesthetically personalized they become? In order to answer these questions I explore two ethnographic contexts divided by ontological assumptions as well as by practitioners. The first is a “scientific” spiritist society, and the second is made up of individuals who worship Chinese spirits from their extended families. Each context exemplifies an extreme of personalization and distance.
Epistemology or Ideology? Toward a Relational Perspective on Islamic Knowledge in Africa
Authors: Seesemann Rüdiger 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article analyzes theories and practices of Islamic knowledge as articulated among Muslims in Africa and examines the relationship between epistemology and ideology as it plays out in the field of Islamic knowledge. The paper follows three lines of investigation. First, it posits the theme of Islamic epistemologies at the center of inquiry into the transformation of Islamic knowledge practices and, by extension, of Muslim societies in Africa. Second, it distinguishes three modalities of knowing, introduced as distinct paradigms but not conceived of as given entities: the sanad (chain of transmission) paradigm, the dalīl (evidence) paradigm, and the maqāṣid (purposes, objectives) paradigm. Third, the paper proposes a relational perspective on Islamic knowledge in Africa in order to explain how the complex web of relations connecting and producing the three paradigms has yielded hybrid and, at times, even contradictory results.
The Magic of Comparison: Religio-Racial Identities in Process
Authors: Clark Emily Suzanne 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Judith Weisenfeld's New World A-Coming pushes the field to rethink its approach to religion and race. To achieve this, she centralizes groups typically relegated to the margins of African American religions, tracks those groups thematically rather than chronologically, and offers the field the concept of “religio-racial” identities.
A New World [of Research] A-Coming
Authors: Sigler Danielle Brune 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Judith Weisenfeld makes extensive use of government records in New World A-Coming, her study of Black religion during the Great Migration. In combination with archival materials, these records allow Weisenfeld to offer a more complete description of the lives of individual members and to understand how they expressed religio-racial identities.
The Influence of Genre and Musical Training on Ratings of Listener Enjoyment
Authors: Williams Matthew L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore continuous and summative ratings of listener enjoyment across a variety of genres and to examine the roles of musical training and familiarity. Participants (N = 150) provided preference ratings for four popular, classical, and world music excerpts using the Continuous Response Digital Interface in either a continuous or summative response condition. After each excerpt, participants also provided a rating of their familiarity with the excerpt on a pencil and paper Likert-type scale. Significant main effects for genre and major were found in preference ratings, as well as a significant interaction between genre and major. Music majors tended to rate excerpts significantly higher than nonmajors, except in the popular music genre, and majors responded faster than nonmajors in the continuous response condition. Correlations between preference and familiarity were moderate and uniformly significant, whereas there appeared to be no association between familiarity and response times. Implications for teachers selecting music for use in their classrooms include considering the impact of the genre used, the musical material presented at the outset, and students’ familiarity with the music.
Mieux comprendre l’image du consommateur responsable : de la personne idéale aux stéréotypes négatifs
Authors: Séré de Lanauze Gilles , Lallement Jeanne 
Published: June 2018

Face aux enjeux environnementaux de ce début du XXI e siècle, le consommateur responsable, présenté comme le consommateur « idéal » a fait l’objet de nombreuses études portant sur son profil, ses pratiques et ses motivations. Pourtant, les recherches antérieures soulignent de nombreuses contradictions entre les attitudes favorables énoncées à l’égard de la consommation responsable et les comportements réels. Mobilisant une approche qualitative, cet article vise à comprendre ces contradictions à partir d’une analyse compréhensive des discours de 35 consommateurs. Quatre stéréotypes (l’intégriste, l’ermite, le rabat-joie et le snob) éclairent les images négatives latentes liées à la consommation responsable, qui sont ensuite discutées.
Synthesis, enzyme inhibitory kinetics mechanism and computational study ofN-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-N-(substituted)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamides as novel therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Athar , Hassan Mubashir , Aziz-ur-Rehman  , Siddiqui Sabahat Zahra , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Raza Hussain , Seo Sung Yum 
Published: June 2018

The present study comprises the synthesis of a new series of sulfonamides derived from 4-methoxyphenethylamine (1). The synthesis was initiated by the reaction of1with 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) in aqueous sodium carbonate solution at pH 9 to yieldN-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-4-methylbenzensulfonamide(3).This parent molecule3was subsequently treated with various alkyl/aralkyl halides, (4a–j), usingN,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and LiH as activator to produce a series of newN-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-N-(substituted)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamides(5a–j). The structural characterization of these derivatives was carried out by spectroscopic techniques like IR,1H-NMR, and13C-NMR. The elemental analysis data was also coherent with spectral data of these molecules. The inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and DPPH were evaluated and it was observed that N-(4-Methoxyphenethyl)-4-methyl-N-(2-propyl)benzensulfonamide(5c)showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity 0.075 ± 0.001 (IC500.075 ± 0.001 µM) comparable to Neostigmine methylsulfate (IC502.038 ± 0.039 µM).The docking studies of synthesized ligands5a–jwere also carried out against acetylcholinesterase (PDBID 4PQE) to compare the binding affinities with IC50values. The kinetic mechanism analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots demonstrated that compound (5c) inhibits the acetylcholinesterase competitively to form an enzyme inhibitor complex. The inhibition constants Kicalculated from Dixon plots for compound(5c)is 2.5 µM. It was also found from kinetic analysis that derivative 5c irreversible enzyme inhibitor complex. It is proposed on the basis of our investigation that title compound5cmay serve as lead structure for the design of more potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
High‐Temperature Simulated Distillation Applications in Petroleum and Renewable Energy
Authors: Villalanti Dan C. , Fuchs Kandi A. , Dowling Debbie C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

The distribution of distillation temperatures of liquid and semifluid products, including petroleum fractions and products, is an important process and practical consideration. At present, the distribution of distillation temperatures is often investigated by simulated distillation (SimDist). SimDist is a gas chromatography (GC) technique, which separates individual hydrocarbon components in the order of their boiling points, and is used to simulate the expensive and time‐consuming laboratory‐scale method known as true boiling point (TBP) distillation. The most used SimDist method, American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM) D2887,
1
covers the boiling range 36–545 °C (97–1013 °F), which includes the
n
‐alkanes (
n
‐paraffins) of chain length from C
5
to C
44
. The most popular high‐temperature simulated distillation (HTSD) method, ASTM D7169,
2
covers the boiling range 36–720 °C (97–1328 °F), which includes the
n
‐alkane range of about C
5
–C
100
. A key difference between ASTM D2887 and D7169 is the ability of the latter technique to handle residue‐containing samples (i.e. material boiling >720 °C, 1328 °F). The use of SimDist and laboratory‐scale physical distillation procedures is important in the characterization of petroleum crude oil properties and refined products in the operational decisions of any refinery to improve both product yields and quality, and aids the refiner in the ability to rapidly evaluate opportunity crudes for selection of those with economic advantages and more favorable refinery profit margins. As a result of the Bakken Crude Oil incident, the US Department of Transportation (DOT) enhanced tank car standards regarding the classification of products shipped via rail including crude oil. The goal is better classification and characterization of mined gases and liquids, which is accomplished through the use of HTSD coupled with detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) to understand the front end, which allows for an accurate determination of initial boiling point (IBP). The use of SimDist methods in today's environment proves to be a valuable tool not just for refiners (upstream technologies, flow assurance, fracking, and polymer chemistry) but also for environmental forensics, biofuel and renewable energy development, and compliance with regulatory rules.
Light‐Induced Fluorescence [Process Analytical Method]
Authors: Domike Reuben 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Light‐induced fluorescence (LIF) as a process analytical method has relevance in many industrial applications where the monitoring of a fluorophore is desired. Subject to the fluorescence characteristics of the materials being monitored, LIF can rapidly provide highly selective and sensitive assessment of the molecule of interest. Typical configuration of a LIF instrument, equipment challenges, and material challenges are described.
Field‐Portable Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Leary Pauline E. , Kammrath Brooke W. , Reffner John A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPortable gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC‐MS) systems are currently used in the field for the analysis of both volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Detection, identification, and quantitative analysis of these chemicals are performed using this technology so that scene assessment and remediation may occur. Although originally designed and deployed to meet the needs of the environmental‐analysis community, the use of field‐portable GC‐MS systems has extended to other markets including emergency response and the military. These new markets have different requirements from those of the environmental field. They have driven instrument manufacturers to innovate smaller, lighter, and easier‐to‐use systems with expanded capabilities and aggressive fielding and performance specifications.Unlike most other field‐portable detectors, portable GC‐MS systems allow for the conclusive identification of gases and vapors, even when these substances are present at trace levels in complex matrices. This is a powerful capability and is the primary reason GC‐MS is considered the gold standard for the identification of gases and vapors. Different vendors of these systems employ different types of systems, each with perceived advantages and disadvantages. Practically, the GC (gas chromatography) limits analysis time, while the mass‐analyzer type is generally the limiting factor for field performance and operational capability. Other instrument features may also influence a system's capability in the field. Depending upon the application and the reason for the analysis, these factors may be critical for successful deployment.The purpose of this article is to describe the history and current state of portable GC‐MS technology. Instrument design, as well as relevant features that impact performance and operation in the field, is considered. This discussion is intended to highlight the value each type of system offers the user, as well as describe challenges for successful deployment.
Natural Wax for Transient Electronics
Authors: Won Sang Min , Koo Jahyun , Crawford Kaitlyn E. , Mickle Aaron D. , Xue Yeguang , Min Seunghwan , McIlvried Lisa A. , Yan Ying , Kim Sung Bong , Lee Seung Min , Kim Bong Hoon , Jang Hokyung , MacEwan Matthew R. , Huang Yonggang , Gereau Robert W. , Rogers John A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEmerging classes of bioresorbable electronic materials serve as the basis for active biomedical implants that are capable of providing sensing, monitoring, stimulating, and other forms of function over an operating period matched to biological processes such as wound healing. These platforms are of interest because subsequent dissolution, enzymatic degradation, and/or bioresorption can eliminate the need for surgical extraction. This report introduces natural wax materials as long‐lived, hydrophobic encapsulation layers for such systems, where biodegradation eventually occurs by chain scission. Studies of wax stability as an encapsulation material demonstrate the ability to retain operation of underlying biodegradable electronic systems for durations between a few days to a few weeks during complete immersion in aqueous solutions in ex‐vivo physiological conditions. Electrically conductive composites result from the addition of tungsten micro/nanoparticles, as a conductive, printable paste with similar lifetimes. Demonstrations of these materials in partially biodegradable wireless light‐emitting diodes and near‐field communication circuits illustrate their use in functional bioresorbable electronic systems. Investigations in animal models reveal no signs of toxicity or other adverse biological responses.
Ultrasmall Au Nanoparticles Embedded in 2D Mixed‐Ligand Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets Exhibiting Highly Efficient and Size‐Selective Catalysis
Authors: Yan Rui , Zhao Yang , Yang Hong , Kang Xiao‐Jing , Wang Chao , Wen Li‐Li , Lu Zhen‐Da 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hold great promise as porous matrixes for the incorporation of Au nanoparticles (NPs) because of their rationally designed framework structures. Unfortunately, the as‐synthesized bulk MOFs usually vary in the range of micrometer or sub‐micrometer size, rendering extremely longer molecular diffusion distance of chemical species. 2D MOF nanosheets with extended lateral dimensions and nanometer thickness are expected to implement fast kinetics and effectively lower mass‐transfer barriers during embedding Au NPs process and sequential catalytic reactions. In this study, a novel 2D nanosheet of mixed‐ligand Ni(II) MOF (referred to NMOF‐Ni) is successfully fabricated. With the merits of well‐defined micropores and functional oxygen‐decorated inner walls, the incorporation of quite monodisperse ultrasmall Au nanoparticles of around 1 nm into NMOF‐Ni has been achieved for the first time. The resulting nanocomposites exhibit remarkable catalytic performance and good size selectivity toward aqueous reduction reactions of nitrophenol, taking advantage of ultrasmall Au and 2D nanosheet nature, as well as the intact microporosity of host matrix. The present encouraging findings might shed light on new ways to develop high‐performance heterogeneous catalysts by using of 2D MOF nanosheets with functional cavities as hosts for homogeneous distribution of ultrasmall Au NPs.