bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes following deep brain stimulation lead revision or reimplantation for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Frizon Leonardo A. , Nagel Sean J. , May Francis J. , Shao Jianning , Maldonado-Naranjo Andres L. , Fernandez Hubert H. , Machado Andre G. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVEThe number of patients who benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) has increased significantly since the therapy was first approved by the FDA. Suboptimal outcomes, infection, or device failure are risks of the procedure and may require lead removal or repositioning. The authors present here the results of their series of revision and reimplantation surgeries.METHODSThe data were reviewed from all DBS intracranial lead removals, revisions, or reimplantations among patients with PD over a 6-year period at the authors’ institution. The indications for these procedures were categorized as infection, suboptimal outcome, and device failure. Motor outcomes as well as lead location were analyzed before removal and after reimplant or revision.RESULTSThe final sample included 25 patients who underwent 34 lead removals. Thirteen patients had 18 leads reimplanted after removal. There was significant improvement in the motor scores after revision surgery among the patients who had the lead revised for a suboptimal outcome (p = 0.025). The mean vector distance of the new lead location compared to the previous location was 2.16 mm (SD 1.17), measured on an axial plane 3.5 mm below the anterior commissure–posterior commissure line. When these leads were analyzed by subgroup, the mean distance was 1.67 mm (SD 0.83 mm) among patients treated for infection and 2.73 mm (SD 1.31 mm) for those with suboptimal outcomes.CONCLUSIONSPatients with PD who undergo reimplantation surgery due to suboptimal outcome may experience significant benefits. Reimplantation after surgical infection seems feasible and overall safe.
Endoscope-assisted contralateral transmaxillary approach to the clivus and the hypoglossal canal: technical case report
Authors: Pamias-Portalatin Eva , Mahato Deependra , Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Vivas-Buitrago Tito , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Boahene Kofi O. 
Published: June 2018

Clival lesions are still considered surgically complex due to their anatomical location. Critical structures, such as the internal carotid arteries (ICAs), cavernous sinuses, cranial nerves, and brainstem, may be encased within the lesion. Although advances in endoscopic endonasal approaches have provided new routes to these lesions, exposure and resection of clival tumors through the endonasal route remain a technical challenge. Here, the authors report a left-sided endoscopic transmaxillary approach to access the right aspect of the clivus and the hypoglossal canal.A 35-year-old woman presented with progressive right 6th cranial nerve palsy. MRI revealed a contrast-enhancing right petroclival chondrosarcoma that involved Meckel’s cave and extended into the right hypoglossal canal. An endoscopic-contralateral-transmaxillary approach through a left sublabial incision was used to access the right petroclival region and right hypoglossal canal. A left maxillary osteoplastic flap was elevated to expose the left maxillary sinus. This was followed by a left medial maxillectomy, gaining access to the left posterior nasal cavity. The posterior third of the left inferior turbinate and nasal septum were removed to access the right side of the petroclival region. Near-total resection was achieved without any vascular or neurological complications. A thin shell of residual tumor was left behind due to involvement of vital structures, such as the ICA, and further treated with proton-beam radiotherapy.The endoscopic-contralateral-transmaxillary approach provides a direct surgical corridor and good lateral visualization of the skull base vasculature. This approach allows wide maneuverability around the ICA and hypoglossal canal, which, in this case, allowed maximal tumor resection with full preservation of neurological function.
Sagittal splitting of the temporalis muscle for encephalo-myo-synangiosis to prevent ischemic complications due to a swollen temporalis muscle without inhibiting collateral developments in patients with moyamoya disease
Authors: Machida Toshio , Higuchi Yoshinori , Nakano Shigeki , Izumi Masaki , Ishige Satoshi , Fujikawa Atsushi , Akaogi Yuichi , Shimada Junichiro , Ono Junichi 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVEEncephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) is an effective revascularization procedure for the treatment of moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the temporalis muscle used for EMS sometimes swells and causes ischemic complications by compressing the underlying brain. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of sagittal splitting (SS) of the muscle for prevention of ischemic complications and its impact on the postoperative development of collateral vessels.METHODSIn this historical case-control study, we analyzed 60 hemispheres in adult patients with MMD who underwent EMS using the temporalis muscle from December 1998 to November 2017. The muscle was divided anteroposteriorly by coronal splitting, and the anterior, posterior, or both parts of the muscle were used for EMS in 17, 4, and 39 hemispheres, respectively. In cases performed after 2006, the muscle was halved by SS, and the medial half was used for EMS to reduce the muscle volume (n = 47). The degree of postoperative muscle swelling was evaluated by measuring the maximum thickness of the muscle on CT scans obtained 3 to 7 days after surgery. The collateral developments of the anterior deep temporal artery (aDTA), posterior deep temporal artery (pDTA), and middle temporal artery (MTA) were assessed using digital subtraction angiography and MR angiography performed 6 months or more after surgery.RESULTSSS significantly reduced the temporalis muscle thickness from 12.1 ± 5.0 mm to 7.1 ± 3.0 mm (p < 0.01). Neurological deterioration due to the swollen temporalis muscle developed in 4 of the 13 hemispheres without SS (cerebral infarction in 1, reversible neurological deficit in 2, and convulsion in 1) but in none with SS. There were no significant differences in the postoperative collateral developments of the aDTA, pDTA, and MTA between hemispheres with and without SS. The MTA more frequently developed in hemispheres with EMS in which the posterior part of the muscle was used (30/37) than those in which this part was not used (4/16) (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSSS of the temporalis muscle might prevent neurological deterioration caused by the swollen temporalis muscle by reducing its volume without inhibiting the development of the collateral vessels.
Sacroiliac joint arthrodesis for chronic sacroiliac joint pain: an anterior approach and clinical outcomes with a minimum 5-year follow-up
Authors: Murakami Eiichi , Kurosawa Daisuke , Aizawa Toshimi 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVEThe authors evaluated the outcomes of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) arthrodesis via an original anterior approach to the upper anterior surface of the SIJ in patients with a minimum of 5 years’ follow-up.METHODSThe authors performed anterior SIJ arthrodesis in 45 patients between 2001 and 2015. Of these patients, 27 (11 men and 16 women; mean age at surgery 49 [24–86] years) were followed up for a minimum of 5 years (average 113 months, range 61–157 months). In the 14 patients in the earlier period of this study, the authors used an anterior approach to expose the SIJ by separating the iliac muscle from the iliac bone and performed internal fixation. In the 13 patients later in the study, the authors changed to a pararectal approach, which involved an incision along the lateral border of the rectus abdominal muscle. Then, extraperitoneally, the upper anterior surface of the SIJ was exposed between the psoas major muscle and the iliac muscle.RESULTSAmong the 27 patients, 21 had unilateral anterior arthrodesis alone, 4 required additional posterior arthrodesis, and 2 required pelvic ring arthrodesis because of later pain on the opposite side. In the 21 patients with a unilateral anterior arthrodesis, outcome according to the modified Macnab criteria was excellent in 7, good in 11, and fair in 3. Outcomes were excellent, good, fair, and poor in 1 patient each among the 4 with additional posterior fusion. Outcomes were good and poor for 1 patient each among those with pelvic ring arthrodesis. All 27 patients demonstrated bone union of the SIJ on CT. Lateral femoral cutaneous neuralgia developed in 7 of the 27 patients; 6 patients had undergone the initial anterior method and 1 the later method.CONCLUSIONSAnterior SIJ arthrodesis was effective in most patients with severe SIJ pain resistant to conservative therapy. This approach has the advantage of direct curettage and bone graft into the wide area of the SIJ, which result in good bone union. In particular, the authors’ current pararectal approach could decrease the potential risk of lateral cutaneous injury.
Autologous cervical fascia duraplasty in 123 children and adults with Chiari malformation type I: surgical technique and complications
Authors: Dlouhy Brian J. , Menezes Arnold H. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTTechniques for combined extradural and intradural decompression with expansile duraplasty for Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) have been well described, with various allogenic and autologous materials used for duraplasty. However, the approach and surgical technique used for duraplasty in our treatment of CM-I and developed by the senior author in the 1990s has not been described.METHODSA prospective database was initiated in March 2003 to denote the use of cervical fascia for duraplasty and incorporate an ongoing detailed record of complications during the surgical treatment of children and adults with CM-I with and without syringomyelia. A total of 389 surgeries for CM-I were performed on 379 patients from March 2003 to June 2016. A total of 123 posterior procedures were performed on 123 patients in which both a posterior fossa extradural and intradural decompression with duraplasty (extra-intradural) was performed. In this paper the authors describe the surgical technique for harvesting and using cervical fascia for duraplasty in the surgical treatment of CM-I and analyze and discuss complications from a prospective database spanning 2003–2016.RESULTSThe authors found that cervical fascia can be harvested in patients of all ages (2–61 years old) without difficulty, and it provides a good substitute for dura in creating an expansile duraplasty in patients with CM-I. Cervical fascia is an elastic-like material with a consistency that allows for a strong watertight closure. Harvesting the cervical fascia graft does not require any further extension of the incision superiorly or inferiorly to obtain the graft. Complications were uncommon in this study of 123 children and adults. The risk of any type of complication (aseptic meningitis, CSF leak, pseudomeningocele, infection, development of hydrocephalus, and need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt) for the 78 patients in the pediatric age group was 0%. The risk of complication in the adult group was 6.7% (1 patient with aseptic meningitis and 2 patients with CSF leak).CONCLUSIONSAutologous cervical fascia is easy to obtain in patients of all ages and provides an effective material for duraplasty in the treatment of CM-I. Complications from the combination of both an extradural and intradural decompression with autologous cervical fascia duraplasty are uncommon.
A Cognitive Analysis of Characters in Swedish and Anglophone Children's Fantasy Literature
Authors: Alkestrand Malin , Owen Christopher 
Published: June 2018

In Justice in Young Adult Speculative Fiction, Marek C. Oziewicz argues, ‘it is possible to study scripts through the lens of the author's cognition, through the reader's cognition, or as a textual matter with an implied author and reader’ (9–10). Here we propose a fourth method for studying scripts in children's literature: as a textual matter. Unlike previous research in the field, we argue that neither the implied author nor the implied or real reader's cognition is necessary for a cognitive analysis to offer insights about a literary text. A cognitive analysis of characters can demonstrate how each character's cognitive embodiment of their intersectional subject position contributes to the progression of a text's plot and themes. By analysing the mimetic, synthetic and thematic dimensions of character (Phelan), we maintain an ontological distinction between humans and characters – a prerequisite for applying cognitive theories to characters. In order to demonstrate the broad applicability of our approach, we analyse the cognitive scripts of the protagonists in two portal-quest fantasies from two different countries. Taliah Pollack's Saga Swärd: Omskakare och världsresenär [Saga Sword: world shaker and traveller] was published in Sweden in 2012; Tahereh Mafi's Furthermore dates from 2016 and was published in the US.
Dynamique et diversité des armées africaines
Authors: Warner Jason , Thaler Kai M. 
Published: June 2018

Dans son grand récit historique sur les armées africaines, Edgerton (2004) affirme que les armées du continent sont passées de l’honneur à l’infamie. D’autres conceptions populaires qualifient les armées africaines de « non professionnelles », « non pertinentes » et « dangereuses » (Howe, 2005). Est-ce le cas ? Et si oui, pourquoi ? Aujourd’hui, près de soixante ans après les indépendances, que savons-nous de la nature des armées africaines, de leurs évolutions et de leur position à la croisée des intérêts des États, des dirigeants, de la société civile et de l’ensemble de la communauté internationale ? Nous examinons ici l’état des connaissances et des débats sur les armées africaines, en proposant une réflexion et des exemples concrets permettant de contextualiser.
Les quartiers créatifs : construction de clubs de travailleurs créatifs. Analyse croisée des quartiers du Panier (Marseille) et des Olivettes (Nantes)
Authors: Michel Basile 
Published: June 2018

L’agglomération spatiale d’activités culturelles et créatives (art, architecture, etc.) dans d’anciens quartiers ouvriers transforme des espaces partiellement en friche en quartiers créatifs. Ces derniers sont le lieu d’ancrage de réseaux collaboratifs de travailleurs créatifs marqués par des dynamiques collectives de partage mais aussi par une forme d’entre-soi. Afin d’éclairer les dynamiques qui façonnent les quartiers créatifs, cet article vise à tester l’hypothèse de la constitution d’un club de travailleurs créatifs au sein de ces territoires. Défini comme un regroupement volontaire d’individus autour de la jouissance exclusive de biens et de services, le club est porteur à la fois d’une logique inclusive et exclusive. Questionner son existence dans les quartiers créatifs introduit une réflexion autour du rôle joué par les travailleurs créatifs dans les dynamiques urbaines actuelles. Sur la base d’enquêtes qualitatives (168 entretiens), l’analyse des quartiers créatifs du Panier (Marseille) et des Olivettes (Nantes) montre qu’un club tend à se mettre en place dans ces territoires. Les travailleurs créatifs s’y regroupent pour bénéficier de biens et de services spécifiques. Ils contrôlent l’accès à ces ressources par des processus de sélection et de cooptation. Ils définissent un groupe exclusif de partage accessible seulement aux ayants droit.
Des alternatives économiques à l’économie alternative : une histoire de l’ALDEA (1976-1989)
Authors: Duverger Timothée 
Published: June 2018

L’alternative se conjugue au pluriel dans le creuset autogestionnaire de Mai 68. De « nouveaux mouvements sociaux économiques » investissent le champ économique pour y introduire des logiques extra-économiques. Des « alternatifs des campagnes » aux « alternatifs des villes », tous aspirent à inventer de nouveaux styles de vie et de nouveaux rapports sociaux. L’Agence de liaison pour le développement de l’économie alternative (ALDEA) est créée en 1981 pour les institutionnaliser. Cette étude s’intéresse à sa structuration, de ses origines à la mise en exergue de l’économie alternative comme concept fédérateur, et à ses actions, d’abord comme agence de développement, mais aussi en matière de recherche-action autour de la pluri-activité ou de participation à la naissance du mouvement altermondialiste.
Predictors of post-partum family planning uptake in Webuye Hospital, western Kenya
Authors: Owuor Henry O. , Chege Patrick M. , Laktabai Jeremiah 
Published: June 2018

Background: A short inter-pregnancy interval increases the risk for maternal and neonatal deaths in addition to other pregnancy complications including: preterm delivery, low birth weight, anaemia and premature rupture of membranes. However, only one half of Kenyan women, who have no desire to conceive immediately after birth, are using contraception one year after delivery. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of uptake of post-partum family planning (PPFP). Setting: The study was conducted among post-partum women accompanying their children for their first measles vaccination at Webuye County Hospital (WCH), in western Kenya. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 259 randomly sampled post-partum women, accompanying their children for their first measles vaccination. A structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of PPFP uptake. Results: The uptake of PPFP among women at 9 months post-partum at WCH was found to be 78.4% ± 5.0%. The odds of PPFP uptake among women living with their sexual partners was 88.2% less than among those not living with their partners with the true population effect between 97% and 51% (OR = 0.118; 95% CI: 0.028–0.494; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Not living with her sexual partner in the same house is the key predictor of a woman’s PPFP uptake in WCH. This study recommends that any programme aimed at improving post-partum contraceptive use in WCH should target women who live with their partners in the same house.
A South African university’s readiness assessment for bringing your own device for teaching and learning
Authors: Ruxwana Nkqubela , Msibi Mncedisi 
Published: June 2018

Background: The use of mobile devices for education is rapidly growing, and it is a global phenomenon. The trend of bringing personal mobile devices for learning using the institution’s network to access data and other academic material is referred to as bring your own device (BYOD). Most universities in developed countries have implemented this phenomenon to enhance education. However, the rate of BYOD adoption in developing countries is lagging even though the majority of students and staff already own one or more mobile devices and are using them for personal and educational purposes. Objectives: The study determines the readiness of a South African university to adopt BYOD for teaching and learning. Moreover, the article presents the enabling factors and barriers of BYOD adoption within the university. Method: The study followed an interpretivist philosophical stance. A qualitative single-case study was used. Data were collected through questionnaires and thematic analysis was applied. Results: The BYOD readiness levels are low and are hampered both by organisational and technological factors. Key barriers include lack of comprehensive policies to govern the use of these devices, lack of infrastructure, limited top management support for innovations and security complexities, while the key enabling factors included accessibility to mobile technologies, ease of use, relative advantage and convenience. Conclusion: Bring your own device offers a suitable platform for mobile-learning (m-learning) in universities. Consideration of the readiness factors, such as adoption strategy, implementation plans, security and device management, skills development, and measures of discipline, is essential.
A retrospective analysis of time delays in patients presenting with stroke to an academic emergency department
Authors: Khalema Diteboho , Goldstein Lara N. , Lucas Susan 
Published: June 2018

Background: Stroke presents commonly to the emergency department (ED), and is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in South Africa. Early ED presentation and early neuroimaging are required in order for thrombolysis to be a potential therapeutic modality. Objectives: To determine the time to ED presentation, time to computed tomography (CT) scan and the potential influencing factors for patients with stroke. Methods: A retrospective record review of all patients who presented with clinical features of stroke to a tertiary academic ED in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 01 January to 31 December 2014. Results: Data from 232 eligible stroke patients were analysed. The median time to presentation to the ED was 33 h with the majority of patients (81.3%) presenting after the 4.5 h window for thrombolysis. The median time to CT was 8 h. Only 3.9% of patients had a CT scan within one hour of arrival. Patients with loss of consciousness were associated with earlier hospital presentation (p = 0.001). None of the patients were thrombolysed. Conclusion: Patients with stroke commonly present late to hospital. If we are to make a difference in this group of vulnerable patients, further education and training needs to be emphasised regarding ‘time is brain’. Communication and commitment is also required by the emergency medical services, ED and radiology staff in order to prioritise stroke patients and to reduce delays.
Policies for decarbonizing a liberalized power sector
Authors: Newbery David 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Given the agreed urgency of decarbonizing electricity and the need to guide decentralized private decisions, an adequate and credible carbon price appears essential. The paper models and quantifies the break-even carbon price for mature zero-carbon electricity investments. It appears an attractive alternative given the difficulty of measuring the social cost of carbon, but modelling shows it extremely sensitive to projected fuel prices, the rate of interest, and the capital cost of generation options, all of which are very uncertain. This has important implications, and justifies combining a carbon price floor with suitable long-term contracts for electricity investments.