bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silkworms as a factory of functional wearable energy storage fabrics
Authors: Ali Basant A. , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFeeding Bombyx mori larvae with chemically-modified diets affects the structure and properties of the resulted silk. Herein, we provide a road map for the use of silkworms as a factory to produce semiconducting/metallic natural silk that can be used in many technological applications such as supercapacitor electrodes. The silkworms were fed with four different types of chemicals; carbon material (graphite), sulfide (MoS2), oxide (TiO2 nanotubes), and a mixture of reactive chemicals (KMnO4/MnCl2). All the fed materials were successfully integrated into the resulted silk. The capacitive performance of the resulted silk was evaluated as self-standing fabric electrodes as well as on glassy carbon substrates. The self-standing silk and the silk@glassy carbon substrate showed a great enhancement in the capacitive performance over that of the unmodified counterparts. The specific capacitance of the self-standing blank silk negative and positive electrodes was enhanced 4 and 5 folds at 10 mV/s, respectively upon the modification with KMnO4/MnCl2 compared to that of the plain silk electrodes.
MiR-128 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis by down-regulating SIRT6 expression
Authors: Zhao Jindong , Liu Shaohui , Zhang Wenhui , Ni Linying , Hu Zhenming , Sheng Zhigang , Yin Bo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation and chondrification in vivo. The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential mechanism of miR-128 in osteoporosis (OP).
Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of miR-128 in femoral neck trabecular bones of OP patients (n=40) and non-OP patients (n=40). C2C12 cells were transfected with miR-128 mimic or inhibitor to determine the effect of miR-128 on osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter genes were used to determine the molecular mechanism of miR-128 in osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells.
Results: The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of miR-128 in bone samples of OP patients was significantly higher than that of non-OP patients, while miR-128 was significantly down-regulated during the osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. In addition, the results showed that overexpression of miR-128 significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen I type-α1 (COL1A1) in C2C12 cells, while miR-128 inhibitor could reverse this effect. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay found that silencing information regulatory protein 6 (SIRT6) was a direct target of miR-128. The qRT-PCR and Western Blot results found that miR-128 significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT6. Furthermore, silencing SIRT6 significantly inhibited the promoting effect of the miR-128 inhibitor on the expression of osteoblast markers.
Conclusion: The above results confirmed that miR-128 inhibited osteoblast differentiation in OP by down-regulating SIRT6 expression, thus accelerating the development of OP.
CD8+CD28− T cells: key cytotoxic players impacting disease pathogenesis in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Nandi Madhuparna , Pal Sourina , Ghosh Sumantra , Chakraborty Bidhan Chandra , Dey Debangana , Baidya Ayana , Shil Achintya , Chattopadhyaya Saran , Banerjee Soma , Santra Amal , Chowdhury Abhijit , Datta Simanti 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDuring chronic hepatitis B (CHB), CD8+ T cells down-regulate CD28, the primary co-stimulation molecule for T-cell activation. Diverse functional attributes of CD8+CD28− T cells are suggested in various disease contexts. The present study aimed to characterize CD8+CD28− T cells in different phases of chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHI)- Immune-tolerance (IT), Hepatitis B e-antigen-positive CHB (EP-CHB), Inactive carriers (IC) and Hepatitis B e-antigen-negative CHB (EN-CHB), to appraise their contribution in HBV-related disease pathophysiology. Flow cytometry analysis of T cells in peripheral blood of study subjects revealed enhanced CD8+CD28− T-cell accumulation in EP-/EN-CHB, compared with IT/IC and they expanded equivalently in HBV-specific and non-specific CD8+ T-cell compartments. Profound increase in CD8+CD28− T cells expressing perforin/granzyme-B/CD57/IFN-γ/TNF-α and markers of terminal differentiation were observed exclusively in EP-/EN-CHB. Further, activation with anti-NKG2D resulted in heightened IFN-γ/TNF-α production selectively from CD8+CD28− T cells, suggesting NKG2D-mediated alternative co-stimulation. CD8+CD28− T cells sorted from CHB patients induced enhanced apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), including CD4+ T cells. However, NKG2D-ligand (major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related molecule A/B (MICA/B)) was preferentially expressed by HBV-specific CD4+ T cells of CHB patients, making these cells a potential target to NKG2D-dependent CD8+CD28− T-cell killing. Both CD28+ and CD28− T cells in CHB expressed CXCR3 at similar levels and thus capable of homing to the liver. A positive correlation was seen between CD8+CD28− T-cell frequency and serum-alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and CHB-derived CD8+CD28− T cells caused pronounced cell death in HBV-transfected Huh7 cells. Immunofluorescence staining identified greater intrahepatic incidence of CD8+CD28− T cells but decline in CD4+ T cells in CHB than IC. Collectively, CD8+CD28− T cells demonstrated differential distribution and phenotypic/functional skewing in different CHI phases and contribute to disease progression by Perforin-Granzyme- or IFN-γ-TNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity while restraining antiviral immunity through NKG2D-dependent HBV-specific CD4+ T-cell depletion.
The WISSH quasars project
Authors: Bruni G. , Piconcelli E. , Misawa T. , Zappacosta L. , Saturni F. G. , Vietri G. , Vignali C. , Bongiorno A. , Duras F. , Feruglio C. , Tombesi F. , Fiore F. 
Published: September 2019

Context.The WISSH quasars project aims at studying the nuclear and host galaxy properties of the most luminous quasars (Lbol >  1047erg s−1, 1.8 <  z <  4.6), with special emphasis on the occurrence and physical parameters of winds at different scales.Aims.Nuclear winds are manifested as UV-broad (≥2000 km s−1) absorption lines (BAL) in about 15% of quasars. We aim at studying the incidence and properties of such winds in the WISSH sample to investigate possible differences to active galactic nucleus regimes with lower luminosity.Methods.We collected optical spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 12, and identified those showing absorption troughs in the region between the Si IVand C IVemission lines. We used three different indices for BAL absorption: the classic balnicity index (BI), the absorption index (AI), and the intermediate AI1000.Results.We find a higher observed fraction of C IVBAL quasars in the WISSH sample (24%) than in previous catalogues (10−15%). These WISSH BAL quasars are also characterised by a higher average BI (∼4000 km s−1) and maximum velocity (∼17 000 km s−1). Moreover, for two objects we discovered BAL features bluewards of the Si IVpeak, which can be associated with C IVabsorption with a velocity of 0.15c. We also updated previous studies on the dependence of maximum outflow velocity upon bolometric luminosity, showing that BAL winds have intermediate properties compared to molecular or ionised winds and ultra-fast outflows. Finally, the radio properties of the WISSH BAL quasars as a whole are in line with those of samples at lower luminosities from previous studies.Conclusions.Our results suggest that the higherLbolof the WISSH quasars likely favours the acceleration of BAL outflows and that their most likely driving mechanism is radiation pressure. Furthermore, we estimate that the kinetic power associated with these winds in hyperluminous quasars for the highest column density and fastest winds is sufficient to provide efficient feedback onto the host galaxy.
The Solar Orbiter SPICE instrument
Authors:   SPICE Consortium, Anderson M. , Appourchaux T. , Auchère F. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Barbay J. , Baudin F. , Beardsley S. , Bocchialini K. , Borgo B. , Bruzzi D. , Buchlin E. , Burton G. , Büchel V. , Caldwell M. , Caminade S. , Carlsson M. , Curdt W. , Davenne J. , Davila J. , DeForest C. E. , Del Zanna G. , Drummond D. , Dubau J. , Dumesnil C. , Dunn G. , Eccleston P. , Fludra A. , Fredvik T. , Gabriel A. , Giunta A. , Gottwald A. , Griffin D. , Grundy T. , Guest S. , Gyo M. , Haberreiter M. , Hansteen V. , Harrison R. , Hassler D. M. , Haugan S. V. H. , Howe C. , Janvier M. , Klein R. , Koller S. , Kucera T. A. , Kouliche D. , Marsch E. , Marshall A. , Marshall G. , Matthews S. A. , McQuirk C. , Meining S. , Mercier C. , Morris N. , Morse T. , Munro G. , Parenti S. , Pastor-Santos C. , Peter H. , Pfiffner D. , Phelan P. , Philippon A. , Richards A. , Rogers K. , Sawyer C. , Schlatter P. , Schmutz W. , Schühle U. , Shaughnessy B. , Sidher S. , Solanki S. K. , Speight R. , Spescha M. , Szwec N. , Tamiatto C. , Teriaca L. , Thompson W. , Tosh I. , Tustain S. , Vial J.-C. , Walls B. , Waltham N. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. , Woodward S. , Young P. , De Groof A. , Pacros A. , Williams D. , Müller D. 
Published: September 2019

Aims.The Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) instrument is a high-resolution imaging spectrometer operating at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths. In this paper, we present the concept, design, and pre-launch performance of this facility instrument on the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission.Methods.The goal of this paper is to give prospective users a better understanding of the possible types of observations, the data acquisition, and the sources that contribute to the instrument’s signal.Results.The paper discusses the science objectives, with a focus on the SPICE-specific aspects, before presenting the instrument’s design, including optical, mechanical, thermal, and electronics aspects. This is followed by a characterisation and calibration of the instrument’s performance. The paper concludes with descriptions of the operations concept and data processing.Conclusions.The performance measurements of the various instrument parameters meet the requirements derived from the mission’s science objectives. The SPICE instrument is ready to perform measurements that will provide vital contributions to the scientific success of the Solar Orbiter mission.
European Academy of Neurology
Authors: Heim Thomas M. 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDer thematische Schwerpunkt des 5. Kongresses der European Academy of Neurology in Oslo im Juni war Neuroinflammation. Aktuelle Studien weisen darauf hin, dass entzündliche Prozesse bei einigen neurologischen Erkrankungen möglicherweise eine größere Rolle spielen als bislang angenommen. Dazu zählen beispielsweise Epilepsie, M. Parkinson und zerebrale Ischämien.
Allometric Scale Corrects Performance Outcomes in Special Judo Fitness Test
Authors: Franco-Alvarenga Paulo Estevão , Ferreira Guilherme Assunção , Lima-Silva Adriano Eduardo , Bertuzzi Rômulo , Pires Flávio Oliveira , De Oliveira Fernando Roberto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe compared results of Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) performance of young athletes of two different age categories after correcting body mass (BM) variations by allometric scales. Thirty young judokas (14.2±3.6 years) belonging to two age categories underwent an SJFT: under 15 (U15) years old (12.1±2.4 years; 46.5±15.6 kg; 152.4±11.2 cm) and under 21 years old (U21) (18.2±0.8 years; 77.1±23.5 kg; 174.2±8.9 cm). Allometric exponents of −0.33 and 0.67 were used to correct the influence of BM variations on SJFT performance results. After correction using the –0.33 exponent, U21 showed a higher number of throws (TNT) than U15 (85.5±9.9 and 68.8±12.0, p<0.05, respectively), although the SJFT index had been similar between these groups (67.3±10.1 and 61.7±8.1, p>0.05, respectively). In contrast, TNT normalized by the 0.67 exponent was higher in U15 than U21 (1.55±0.29 and 1.17 ± 0.25, p<0.05, respectively). Likewise, the SJFT index was higher in U15 than in U21 when using the same exponent (1.55±0.29 and 1.17±0.25, p<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, the −0.33 exponent may be useful to remove the influence of BM variations, thus discriminating SJFT performance results in U15 and U21 judokas. Moreover, the 0.67 exponent may overestimate SJFT indices in low-age judokas.
Concurrent Training and Detraining: brief Review on the Effect of Exercise Intensities
Authors: Sousa António C. , Neiva Henrique Pereira , Izquierdo Mikel , Cadore Eduardo Lusa , Alves Ana R. , Marinho Daniel Almeida 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConcurrent resistance and aerobic training (CT) has been applied to optimize both strength and aerobic performance. However, it should be carefully prescribed, as there are some factors, as the training intensity, which have strong influence on training adaptations. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to analyze the scientific evidence regarding aerobic and resistance exercise intensities during CT and their effect on performance outcomes. The effects of exercise intensity on a subsequent detraining period were also assessed. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, the risk of bias was assessed, and the percentage of changes and effect sizes were quantified. CT improved running times (10 m, 30 m and 10 km) and strength performance (one-repetition maximum, countermovement jump) regardless of exercise intensity used (4–47%, ES=0.4–2.8). Nevertheless, higher aerobic training intensities (≥ lactate threshold intensity) resulted in higher aerobic gains (5–10%, ES=0.3–0.6), and greater neuromuscular adaptations were found when higher resistance loads (≥ 70% of maximal strength) were used (10–14%, ES=0.4–1.3). Most training-induced gains were reversed after 2–4 weeks of detraining. Although further research is needed, it seems that higher intensities of aerobic or resistance training induce greater aerobic or neuromuscular gains, respectively. Nevertheless, it seems that higher resistance training loads should be combined with lower aerobic training intensities for increased strength gains and minimal losses after detraining.
Variáveis biomecânicas dos membros inferiores são indicadores do padrão de apresentação da tendinopatia patelar em atletas de elite africanos de basquetebol e voleibol
Authors: Aiyegbusi Ayoola , Tella Bidemi , Okeke Chukwuebuka 
Published: September 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Este estudo determinou o padrão de apresentação e gravidade da tendinopatia patelar (TP) e sua relação com variáveis biomecânicas selecionadas em atletas de elite.
Métodos O estudo envolveu 98 jogadores de elite nigerianos de basquetebol e voleibol com idades entre 18 e 35 anos. Testes clínicos e ultrassonografia foram usados para separar os participantes em grupos sintomáticos e assintomáticos. Procedimentos padrão foram utilizados para avaliar o ângulo do quadríceps (ângulo Q), a torção da tíbia, a dorsiflexão do tornozelo, a flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, e a postura do pé. Usou-se o questionário Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Questionnaire, Patellar Tendon (VISA-P) para avaliar a gravidade dos sintomas nos grupos sintomáticos. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA, na sigla em inglês), análise post hoc, e correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância estabelecido em p < 0,05.
Resultados Pontuações significativamente menores de sentar e alcançar (p = 0,01), aumento da pontuação do índice de postura do pé (p = 0,01), e redução da amplitude de dorsiflexão do tornozelo (p = 0,03) foram encontrados em participantes de ambos os sexos com TP sintomática. Ângulos Q (p = 0,02) maiores nos homens e ângulos de torção tibial maiores (p = 0,001) nas mulheres também foram encontrados nos grupos de TP sintomática. A gravidade dos sintomas foi significativamente maior no grupo que tinha apenas sintomas clínicos (p = 0,042), e estava significativamente correlacionada com a flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais tanto nos homens (r = -0,618) quanto nas mulheres (r = -0,664).
Conclusão A redução da flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, o aumento da pronação do pé, e a redução da amplitude de dorsiflexão do tornozelo foram significativos em participantes com TP sintomática.
Effect of Dentin Pretreatment with Arginine on Microshear Bond Strength of Etch-and-Rinse or Self-Etch Adhesive Systems
Authors: Borgo Gabriela Oliveira , Vieira-Junior Waldemir Francisco , Theobaldo Jéssica Dias , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio , Lima Débora Alves Nunes Leite 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentin pretreatment with 8% arginine on the immediate and 6-month bond strength (BS) of adhesive systems and surface morphology of dentin.
Materials and Methods Dentin bovine specimens (5 × 5 mm) were allocated into following pretreatments: without pretreatment (conventional technique, C) or exposure to arginine solution (A) for 5 minutes prior to tooth restoration. The adhesive procedure was performed using (n = 12): 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Scotchbond Multipurpose—SBMP [C+SBMP and A+SBMP]); 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Single Bond 2 - SB [C+SB and A+SB]); or 2-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond - CSEB [C+CSEB and A+CSEB]). After 24 hours, the composite resin restorations were evaluated immediately and after 6 months of water storage using a microshear test and fracture pattern. The dentin surface exposed to A was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The immediate BS data were submitted to a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test, and the long-term BS results were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05).
Results There was a significant decrease in immediate and 6-month BS for the A+SB and A+CSEB groups, which differed statistically from the C group. The fracture pattern was predominantly adhesive for SB and CSEB adhesive for C and A. The SEM images presented a different conditioning pattern of the dentin exposed to A.
Conclusion The dentin pretreatment with arginine interfered negatively in the immediate and long-term BS of the simplified adhesive system. However, the SBMP adhesive was not affected by arginine pretreatment presenting the most satisfactory results.
The Versatility of the Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap: A Single Surgeon's 16-Year Experience for Limb Reconstruction and a Systematic Review
Authors: Berner Juan Enrique , Nikkhah Dariush , Zhao Jade , Prousskaia Elena , Teo Tiew Chong 
Published: September 2019

Background The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap is a versatile option of free tissue transfer for small to large defects. In this study, we examine the advantages of the SCIP flap, its cadaveric anatomy, and clinical subtypes.
Methods Ten cadavers were dissected and the corresponding pedicles of the SCIP and groin flaps were identified. A retrospective review of 20 clinical cases of free SCIP flap reconstruction was undertaken. The indication for reconstruction, flap dimensions, and survival were analyzed. A systematic literature review was conducted including articles that have previously reported the use of the SCIP flap.
Results The SCIP pedicle was present in all our cadaveric dissections. The starting point of its pedicle ranged from 1.5 to 4.5 cm along the superficial circumflex iliac artery. The median diameter of the perforator and its concomitant vein was 1mm (range 0.8–2 mm). A cutaneous vein (1.3–2.3 mm) could be included in the flap if the concomitant vein was too small. Twenty consecutive patients had free SCIP flaps between 2002 and 2018. The indications were for finger defects (n = 8), thumb reconstruction (n = 1), lower limb compound fractures (n = 3), iatrogenic wounds (n = 2), upper limb large defects (n = 2), and scar contractures (n = 4). Flap dimensions ranged from 2 × 4 cm to 14 × 25cm, and the longest pedicle was 8cm. All flaps survived. The systematic literature review identified 34 previous reports using the SCIP flaps, most of these published by Asian units.
Conclusion The SCIP flap is useful for reconstruction throughout the body due to its ease of dissection, thinness, adjustable pedicle length, and flap dimension ranging from tiny to large, as well as the feasibility of raising a compound flap incorporating an adipofascial or vascularized bone component if necessary.This is a level of evidence therapeutic IV study.
Health Care Utilization and Payer Cost Analysis of Robotic Arm Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty at 30, 60, and 90 Days
Authors: Mont Michael A. , Cool Christina , Gregory David , Coppolecchia Andrea , Sodhi Nipun , Jacofsky David J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study performed a health care utilization analysis between robotic arm assisted total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and manual total knee arthroplasty (mTKA) techniques. Specifically, we compared (1) index costs and (2) discharge dispositions, as well as (3) 30-day (4) 60-day, and (5) 90-day (a) episode-of-care costs, (b) postoperative health care utilization, and (c) readmissions. The 100% Medicare Standard Analytical Files were used for rTKAs and mTKAs performed between January 1, 2016, and March 31, 2017. Based on strict inclusion–exclusion criteria and 1:5 propensity score matching, 519 rTKA and 2,595 mTKA patients were analyzed. Total episode payments, health care utilization, and readmissions, at 30-, 60-, and 90-day time points were compared using generalized linear model, binomial regression, log link, Mann–Whitney, and Pearson's chi-square tests. The rTKA versus mTKA cohort average total episode payment was US$17,768 versus US$19,899 (p < 0.0001) at 30 days, US$18,174 versus US$20,492 (p < 0.0001) at 60 days, and US$18,568 versus US$20,960 (p < 0.0001) at 90 days. At 30 days, 47% fewer rTKA patients utilized skilled nursing facility (SNF) services (13.5 vs. 25.4%; p < 0.0001) and had lower SNF costs at 30 days (US$6,416 vs. US$7,732; p = 0.0040), 60 days (US$6,678 vs. US$7,901, p = 0.0072), and 90 days (US$7,201 vs. US$7,947, p = 0.0230). rTKA patients also utilized fewer home health visits and costs at each time point (p < 0.05). Additionally, 31.3% fewer rTKA patients utilized emergency room services at 30 days postoperatively and had 90-day readmissions (5.20 vs. 7.75%; p = 0.0423). rTKA is associated with lower 30-, 60-, and 90-day postoperative costs and health care utilization. These results are of marked importance given the emphasis to contain and reduce health care costs and provide initial economic insights into rTKA with promising results.
Sobolev-orthogonal systems of functions and some of their applications
Authors: Sharapudinov I. I. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Systems of functions are considered which are associated with a given orthogonal system and are orthogonal with respect to an inner product of Sobolev type involving terms with masses concentrated at a point. Special attention is paid to such systems generated by classical orthogonal systems such as the cosine system, the Haar system, and the systems of Legendre, Jacobi, and Laguerre polynomials. The approximation properties of Fourier series in Sobolev-orthogonal systems are investigated in several cases. For (generally speaking, non-linear) systems of differential equations deep connections between Sobolev-orthogonal systems and the Cauchy problem are considered.
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