bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Identification of Individual Intestinal Bacteria Associated with Waist Circumference Increase
Authors: Hussein Sahar Salih , Tawfeeq Asal Aziz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans, there are differences in the composition of the flora which are influenced by age, diet, cultural conditions, and the use of antibiotics. Since the origin of obesity is multifactorial and complex, resulting from the interaction between genetic/epigenetic, environmental, and socio-psychological determinants, in addition to the bacterial composition of the intestinal flora could be a third element involved in the development of excess weight. Therefore intestinal flora plays an intermediary role in the metabolism and inflammation and is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes type 2 and obesity.

Objectives:
This study aimed to draw the relationship between identified intestinal bacterial types on increasing the waist circumference among study participants.

Materials and Methods:
This study included the collection of 180 samples from participants (20–60 years) during the period from December 2022 to June 2023. Body mass index and waist circumference were calculated for study participants and intestinal bacteria was microbiologically and biochemically identified.

Results:
Results obtained showed that the intestinal flora of obese participants is significantly (P < 0.001) different from that of thin and normal participants. This flora was characterized by the presence of high levels of Gram’s negative at the percentage (80.6% in obese), and Gram’s positive at the percentage (19.4% in obese), with higher body mass index and waist circumference than those participants, with lower body mass index and waist circumference.

Conclusion:
This study showed a significant relationship between intestinal bacteria and diabetic patients with increased body mass index and waist circumference, leading to probable useful tools for developing strategies to prevent obesity.
Frequency of Stroke and Distribution of Its Subtypes in Nineveh, Iraq, Related to Risk Factors
Authors: Alabdaly Moayad Aziz , Ahmed Hani Moslem , Thanoun Basem Idris , Al Ashow Salah Ali Mahmood , Ahmad Waleed Ghanim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
The second leading cause of death worldwide is stroke, which is also a major global cause of disability. It can be of either type: infarction (ischemic) or bleeding (hemorrhagic). A variety of risk factors related to stroke may be grouped into changeable and unchangeable factors.

Objectives:
The study was designed to categorize the occurrence, types, and risk factors of stroke in Nineveh, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:
It is a descriptive study carried out in hospitals in Nineveh, which examines the recent frequency of stroke in the province of Nineveh from November 2020 to April 2021. Chi‑square (χ2) test of proportion and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine the association and relationship of risk factors to the cases studied.

Results:
During the period of the study, 137 patients were included, of which 120 (88%) were ischemic strokes. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke occur most frequently in the 25–64 years age group. Hypertension was a major risk factor for stroke (89%). Women were less likely to have a stroke compared with men. High blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and uncontrolled high blood sugar were associated with an increase in stroke frequency, and the relationship between stroke risk and these factors was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The study found that ischemic stroke is the most common cause; stroke frequency increases with age and peaks among the 25- to 65-year-old age groups.
Study of Experimental Pain Outcomes in a Healthy Nigerian Adult Population and their Correlation with some Anthropometric Indices
Authors: Umar Abdullahi H. , Isa Ahmed-Sherif , Ibrahim Suleiman , Muhammad Mustapha S. , Yusha’u Yusuf , Muhammad Umar A. , Muhammad Abdulmalik , Ayo Joseph O. , Danjuma Nuhu M. , Mohammed Aliyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context:
Interindividual variability in pain is modified by interactions of multiple biopsychosocial factors. Though there are reported findings on pain variability from studies around the world, the relationship between pain outcomes and anthropometric profiles remains unclear due to conflicting findings.

Aim:
This study was designed to investigate relationships between experimental pain outcomes and anthropometric profiles in a healthy Nigerian population.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and sixty-one healthy volunteers aged 20 to 65 years were recruited for the study. Experimental pain was induced using cold pressor pain, pressure pain, and ischemic pain procedures.

Results:
We found that subjects with a normal body mass index (BMI) had a statistically significant higher ischemic pain tolerance than their obese counterparts. Right-handed participants had higher cold pressor pain thresholds than their left-handed counterparts, and the difference was statistically significant. Hb genotype and blood groups affected experimental pain outcomes. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between BMI and ischemic pain tolerance.

Conclusion:
We concluded that the association between BMI and experimental pain outcomes depends on the type of pain induction method used. Right-handedness appeared to be associated with increased cold pressor pain threshold.
Outcome of Direct-Acting Antiviral Drugs on Treatment of Naïve Cirrhotic and Non-cirrhotic HCV Patients in Assir Region, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammed Attieh , Almanjahi Ibrahim Mohammed , Assiri Yahia , Assiri Omer , Organ Hassan , Alshehri Aasem , AlFahadi Mohammed Abdullah , Alshehri Abdullah Mohammed , Hammad Mushabbab Saeed , Nebrawi Khalid , Alshahrani Abdulaziz Saad , Algarni Abdullah Mohammed , Alghamdi Ibrahim Ali , Alshahrani Mohammed Safar , Ahmed Mohammed Elbagir K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context:
Direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) have revolutionized HCV treatment, but their long-term impact on liver disease severity, fibrosis progression, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence among treatment-naïve cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients in Saudi Arabia remains underexplored. This study evaluated the sustained virological response (SVR), liver disease severity, fibrosis progression, and HCC incidence among treatment-naïve cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic HCV patients treated with DAAs in Saudi Arabia.

Methods and Materials:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Assir Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia, from March 2019 to December 2022. The study enrolled 52 adults (>18 years) comprising both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic HCV patients who had received DAA treatment at least 6 months (24 weeks) prior. Demographic data, laboratory results, HCV genotype, and viral load were collected. Liver fibrosis was assessed using Fibroscan, while liver disease severity was evaluated using Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) and Child-Pugh scores. HCC screening was performed using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ultrasound, and triphasic CT abdomen.

Results:
Findings included no significant changes in laboratory values (INR, bilirubin, albumin, liver enzymes) before and after treatment. However, cirrhosis cases increased post-treatment (P = 0.033), while HCC incidence remained stable. The most prevalent HCV genotype was 4 (64%), with Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir being the most prescribed medication (44%).

Conclusion:
DAA treatment in treatment-naïve cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic HCV patients in Saudi Arabia demonstrated efficacy in achieving SVR and maintaining liver function. However, continued monitoring is crucial post-treatment, particularly for detecting fibrosis progression and cirrhosis development.
A Phenomenological Inquiry Into the Freelancers' Work Motivation, Needs and Challenges: An Emerging Economy Perspective
Authors: Shaleen Mehrab , Haque Mahbubul 
Published: November 2024

Freelancing has been assumed as a possible remedy for unemployment by the Bangladeshi youth for some time now. This research is conducted to investigate the profession of a freelancer in Bangladesh and focuses on the motivational stages undergone by freelancers and their plans. Moreover, the study attempts to explain to what extent the needs of freelancers are satisfied from the standpoint of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology i.e., phenomenology is used. Fifteen respondents working in different parts of the capital city took part in the interview for this study. The study has demonstrated that an overwhelming majority of the respondents acknowledged it as an opportunity at first that gradually helps to develop an entrepreneurial mindset. One striking feature of the findings, however, is that freelancing may be a solution provisionally but not in the long run due to unfulfilled dimensions of the need theory. A few directions for future works are also suggested in this regard.
Determinants of Participation in Different Livelihood Diversification Strategies Among Rural Households in Western Bhutan
Authors: Wangmo Sonam , Dorji Ugyen , Dorji Nedup 
Published: November 2024

Strategies for diversifying one's source of income are crucial for the development of rural households' rain-fed agricultural economies in developing nations like Bhutan. Participating in off-farm and non-farm activities supports households in tackling a variety of difficulties, such as drought. Nonetheless, little study has been done on determining the factors that affect households’ decisions about livelihood choices in the Bhutanese context. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors influencing rural households’ decisions to diversify their livelihood diversification strategies in western Bhutan. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 384 rural household heads as the study area's sample. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires from sampled households. The factors affecting rural household heads' decision to select livelihood strategies were determined using a multivariate Probit Regression Model. The model's result showed that, while on-farm livelihood strategy was negatively and significantly correlated with distance to market, it had a strong correlation with male-headed households and land holdings. The non-farm livelihood strategy was demonstrated to be significantly and positively affected by the total income, education level, and dependency ratio; whereas, the gender of the household head had a negative and significant impact. Landholding had a negative and significant impact on off-farm livelihood strategy, while the gender of the household head had a positive and significant effect. Therefore, the study recommends policies and initiatives aimed at enhancing rural livelihood should prioritize expanding rural infrastructures, enhance smallholder households’ sustainable livelihood ability, and help to participate in income-generating activities in different ways.
Menangkal Radikalisme Agama Berdasarkan Paradigma Misi Kristen Yang Berlandaskan Doktrin Allah Trinitas
Authors: Rerung Alvary Exan 
Published: November 2024

The reality of the number of radicalism in Indonesia is news that creates a dilemma for the diversity in it. In Christianity itself, religious radicalism is also evident when reading the pattern of Christian missions which is based on the text of the Great Commission as an order for Christianity. This pattern of mission also makes other religions increasingly suspicious of Christianity. They are wary of such a pattern of Christian teachings. Especially in Christianity, many say that such a mission is what Jesus wants according to his command in the great commission. Seeing this reality, an effort is needed to be able to see whether these teachings are still in line with the values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution which uphold tolerance. This paper uses descriptive qualitative methods and a literature study approach in providing answers to these problems. This paper offers a pattern of Christian missions based on the doctrine of God the Trinity as an effort to counter religious radicalism. This mission pattern sees missions centered on the Trinitarian God and leaves the mission pattern based on the Church. This mission will provide values of tolerance and will be a shield in countering religious radicalism in Indonesia.Realitas angka radikalisme di Indonesia merupakan berita yang membuat dilema bagi kemajemukan yang ada di dalamnya. Pada agama Kristen sendiri, radikalisme agama juga nyata ketika membaca pola misi Kristen yang berlandasakan pada teks amanat agung sebagai perintah kristenisasi. Pola misi ini juga yang membuat agama-agama lain semakin mencurigai agama Kristen. Mereka was-wasa terhadap pola ajaran agama Kristen yang demikian. Apalagi dalam agam Kristen banyak yang mengatakan misi yang seperti itulah yang Yesus kehendaki sesuai dengan perintahnya dalam amanat agung. Melihat realitas tersebut, maka diperlukan usaha untuk dapat melihat ajaran-ajaran tersebut apakah masih sejalan dengan nilai Pancasila dan UUD 1945 yang menjunjung tinggi toleransi. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptip dan pendekatan studi pustaka dalam memberikan jawaban atas masalah tersebut. Tulisan ini menawarkan pola misi Kristen yang berlandaskan doktrin Allah Trinitas sebagai upaya untuk menangkal radikalisme agama. Pola misi ini melihat misi yang berpusat pada Allah Trinitas dan meninggalkan pola misi yang berlandaskan pada Gereja. Misi ini akan memberikan nilai-nilai toleransi dan akan menjadi tameng dalam menangkal radikalisme agama di Indonesia.
Tinjauan Etis-Pedagogis Terhadap Peran Guru Dalam Mendidik Anak Sekolah Minggu Di GKJ Salatiga Utara
Authors: Kristania Cindy Uzia , Ludji Irene , Buke Nimali Fidelis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This research aims to describe and analyze the role of teachers in educating Sunday school children at GKJ North Salatiga from an ethical-pedagogical perspective. This research uses a qualitative approach. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The theory used in the analysis is based on ethical studies from Reinhold Niebuhr and pedagogical studies from Thomas Groome. The research results show that education for children is essential, and the church needs to participate in it. The efforts made by GKJ North Salatiga in educating Sunday school children include instilling Christian values or giving the example of Jesus. Jesus' example is also an example of ethical behavior offered by Niebuhr. The ethical values contained in the research are respecting others, giving appreciation, love, forgiveness, helping, sharing, caring, fairness, justice, and humility. In pedagogical studies, it was found that teachers not only taught the example of Jesus through theory, but it was also reflected in the lives of Sunday school teachers. Teachers also use various creative teaching methods and media in the learning process. Creative teaching supports children to understand God's word better. Teachers at GKJ North Salatiga also manage the Sunday school well and in a structured manner. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis peran guru dalam mendidik anak sekolah Minggu di GKJ Salatiga Utara ditinjau dari perspektif etis-pedagogis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data-data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dan observasi partisipatif. Teori yang digunakan dalam analisis adalah kajian etis dari Reinhold Niebuhr dan pedagogis dari Thomas Groome. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan untuk anak-anak adalah hal yang penting, dan gereja perlu untuk ambil bagian di dalamnya. Upaya yang dilakukan GKJ Salatiga Utara dalam mendidik anak-anak sekolah Minggu, adalah dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai kristiani atau keteladanan Yesus. Keteladanan Yesus juga merupakan contoh perilaku etis yang ditawarkan oleh Niebuhr. Adapun nilai-nilai etis yang ditemukan dalam penelitian, yaitu, menghargai sesama, memberikan apresiasi, kasih, pengampunan, menolong, berbagi, peduli, adil, kesetaraan dan rendah hati. Dalam kajian pedagogis, ditemukan bahwa guru tidak hanya mengajarkan keteladanan Yesus melalui teori, tetapi juga dicerminkan dalam kehidupan guru sekolah Minggu. Dalam proses pembelajaran, guru juga menggunakan berbagai metode dan media mengajar yang kreatif. Pengajar yang kreatif mendukung anak-anak untuk lebih memahami firman Tuhan. Guru di GKJ Salatiga Utara juga mengelola sekolah Minggu dengan baik dan terstruktur.
Keteladanan Yesus Melalui Doa Berdasarkan Injil Matius 14:23 Dan Relevansinya Bagi Pemimpin Jemaat Di Era Society 5.0
Authors: Tazuno Bendris , Sariyanto Sariyanto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The rapid development of technology and the fast pace of change in society have transformed human lifestyles and are hard to avoid. Consequently, this also impacts the spiritual lives of spiritual leaders. If not handled properly, it can disrupt the focus and priorities of Christian leaders, who often get caught up in busyness and lose time for prayer. This creates challenges in building a strong personal relationship with God through prayer, which serves as a solid foundation for leading and serving the congregation. This research aims to identify the importance of cultivating a close relationship with God through prayer for Christian leaders amidst the rapidly changing and challenging times. Additionally, it seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of Jesus' prayer life as exemplified in Matthew 14:23 and explain its practical implications for church leaders in the era of Society 5.0. This research utilizes qualitative research with a descriptive approach in a specific, natural context. The findings indicate that a church leader must commit to cultivating prayer, live a life of simplicity in communication with God, and submit oneself to Him. Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi ataupun kemajuan zaman yang pesat telah mengubah pola kehidupan manusia dan sulit dihindari. Sehingga hal itu juga berdampak kepada kehidupan rohani pemimpin rohani. Bila tidak disikapi dengan baik, maka dapat mengganggu fokus dan prioritas para pemimpin Kristen, yang sering kali terjebak dalam kesibukan dan kehilangan waktu untuk berdoa. Hal ini menimbulkan tantangan dalam membangun hubungan pribadi yang kuat dengan Allah melalui doa. Sebagai dasar yang kokoh dalam memimpin dan melayani jemaat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pentingnya menjalin hubungan erat dengan Allah melalui doa bagi pemimpin Kristen di tengah perkembangan zaman yang cepat berubah dan penuh tantangan saat ini. Selain itu, untuk memberikan pemahaman yang menyeluruh tentang teladan kehidupan doa Yesus berdasarkan Mat. 14:23, dan menerangkan implikasi praktisnya bagi pemimpin jemaat di era Society 5.0. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan deskripsi, pada suatu konteks khusus yang alamiah. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seorang pemimpin jemaat harus memiliki komitmen dalam membangun doa, memiliki kesederhanaan hidup dalam berkomunikasi dengan Allah, dan menundukkan diri kepada-Nya.
Peran Keseimbangan Kehidupan Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Badrudin Kahlil Raihan Al-Zier , Darmastuti Ismi 
Published: November 2024

Work-life balance is a crucial aspect of a company's social responsibility towards its employees. Having a good work-life balance and a pleasant work environment can certainly increase employee job satisfaction and performance. The more optimal an employee can balance his/her work life, the higher the job satisfaction they feel and ultimately their performance will be better. This study involving 100 employees found that work-life balance positively impacts job satisfaction, work environment, and performance. Job satisfaction, in turn, positively impacts performance. Therefore, this study suggests the company should prioritize employee work-life balance to ensure good performance and job satisfaction. This underscores the importance of addressing employee well-being in a company.
В СБОРНИКАХ РАССКАЗОВ ХАНЬ ДУНА – «ТЬМА» И «ВОЛЧЬИ СЛЕДЫ»
Authors: Ицюнь. Ван 
Published: November 2024

Целью данной статьи является изучение уникального по­вест­вования о повседневной жизни в прозаических произведениях совре­мен­ного китайского писателя Хань Дуна 韩东 (род. 1961 г.), на примере сбор­ников рассказов, выпущенных в 2023 г. – «Тьма» 幽暗 и «Волчьи следы» 狼踪. Хань Дун использует простой разговорный язык и сознательно избегает фильтрации повседневного опыта изысканным и вычурным литературным языком. У него нет намерения раскрыть тайну, имманентную повседневной жизни, он не прибегает к помощи необычных событий, чтобы разрушить банальность повседневной жизни. В сюжетной прозе Хань Дуна обладают естественным, элегантным стилем повествования, соответствующим ритму повседневной жизни. По мнению автора настоящего исследования, именно литературное творчество такого рода обращается к самой сути повсе­днев­ной жизни. Повествование Хань Дуна полностью укладывается и соответ­ствует ритму повседневной жизни, как правило оно начинается и закан­чи­вается обычным повседневным моментом. Хань Дун спокойно рассказы­ва­ет о плавных переменах, происходящих в повседневности, выявляя разно­образные оттенки человеческой жизни. Цель литературного творчества Хань Дуна заключается в том, чтобы обратиться к обыденности, позволить естественным образом проявляться значимым событиям, тогда читатель смо­жет увидеть суть повседневной жизни.
The purpose of this article is to study the unique narrative of everyday life in the fictions of the contemporary Chinese writer Han Dong 韩东 (born 1961), using as example of the collections of short stories published in 2023 – Darkness 幽暗 and Wolf Tracks 狼踪. Han Dong uses simple colloquial language and deliberately avoids filtering everyday experience with refined and pretentious literary language. He has no intention of revealing the mystery inherent in everyday life; he does not resort to the help of unusual events to destroy the banality of everyday life. Han Dong’s prose works have a natural, elegant storytelling style that matches the rhythm of everyday life. According to the author of this study, it is literary creativity of this kind that addresses the very essence of everyday life. Han Dong’s narrative fits perfectly into the rhythm of everyday life, usually beginning and ending with an ordinary everyday moment. Han Dong calmly talks about the smooth changes that occur in everyday life, revealing the various shades of human life. The purpose of Han Dong’s literary work is to address the everyday, to allow significant events to appear naturally, then the reader can see the essence of everyday life.