bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Mouse Model of Knee Osteoarthritis Based on Obesity and Bipedal Walking
Authors: Son Kyeong Min , Jung Hyun A. , Hong Jeong Im , Park In Young , Kim Hyun Ah 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTo investigate the influence of obesity and obligatory bipedal walking on osteoarthritis (OA) development, 26‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups and obesity was induced in one group with a 60% fat diet. After 8 weeks, mice from each group were again divided into two groups and obligatory bipedal exercise was induced with a specially designed treadmill in one group, resulting in four experimental groups (control, control bipedal, obese, and obese bipedal). After 8, 10, and 12 weeks of bipedal walking, knee joints were obtained and graded. Surface fibrillation and matrix proteoglycan depletion, began to appear after 8 weeks of exercise in the bipedal groups and progressed as the duration of the exercise increased. At 12 weeks, cartilage loss extending >75% of articular cartilage was observed in none of the control and obese groups, and in 42.8% and 77.7% of control bipedal and obese bipedal animals, respectively. OA grading was significantly higher in the obese bipedal group compared with the control bipedal group. The von Frey fiber test thresholds decreased significantly in the bipedal groups compared with the control and obese groups. This model can be used to study the pathogenesis of human OA and to evaluate its therapeutic agents. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2411–2419, 2019
Amphiphilic Copolymers PDMAEMAm‐b‐PAAn and Their Complexes with Surfactants at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Li Rong , Qian Fengyi , Ren Xuehong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe properties of amphiphilic copolymers (poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid), PDMAEMAm‐b‐PAAn) and their complexes with a traditional surfactant (dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide) and a novel Gemini surfactant, (propanediyl‐bis(dimethyloctadecylammonium bromide) ([C18H37(CH3)2N+‐(CH2)3‐N+(CH3)2 C18H37]·2Br−, 18‐3‐18), at the air/water interface were investigated. Surface tension and surface pressure were used to monitor the surface behavior of these systems, and atomic force microscopy was used to visualize the morphology of the corresponding Langmuir–Blodgett film. PDMAEMAm‐b‐PAAn can form surface micelles at the air/water interface and the addition of surfactants can significantly influence the structure of the complex film due to electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction. In particular, the spacer in a Gemini surfactant can act as a bridge to connect different PDMAEMA70‐b‐PAA60 micelles, which is favorable for the formation of a necklace‐like structure. This originates from that one head group can interact with a PDMAEMA70‐b‐PAA60 molecule, and the other head group can interact with another PDMAEMA70‐b‐PAA60 molecule, which might belong to different micelles. The results suggest that the special interfacial structures and performances of Gemini/PDMAEMA‐b‐PAA complexes are caused by the unique molecular structures of the Gemini surfactant.
Prognostic role of pathologic response and cytoreductive status at interval debulking surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Liang Margaret I. , Prendergast Emily N. , Staples Jeanine N. , Holschneider Christine H. , Cohen Joshua G. , Cass Ilana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground: We sought to determine if complete pathologic response (cPR) and cytoreductive status at interval debulking surgery (IDS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are associated with improved clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer.Methods: We evaluated 91 patients with advanced ovarian cancer who underwent NACT and IDS. Pathologic response, cytoreductive status, and outcomes were determined. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and Kaplan‐Meier survival probabilities were calculated.Results: cPR occurred in 9 (10%), microscopic pathologic response (microPR) in 18 (20%), and macroscopic pathologic response (macroPR) in 64 (70%) patients. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) for patients with cPR was significantly improved compared with patients with any pathologic residual disease (microPR/macroPR; undefined vs 10.9 months, P = .01); whereas, microPR was not associated with significantly improved PFS compared with macroPR (16.3 months vs 10 months, P = .08). Cytoreduction to no gross residual disease was associated with improved PFS (undefined vs 7.5 months vs 5.5 months, P < .01) and overall survival (undefined vs 38.7 months vs 12 months, P < .01) compared with visible residual disease less than or equal to 1 cm or suboptimal.Conclusions: cPR is uncommon (10%) after NACT for advanced ovarian cancer. Better pathologic response and cytoreductive status are associated with improved PFS, emphasizing the importance of both chemotherapy response and surgical effort.
Adipocyte Fatty Acid‐Binding Protein as a Novel Marker of Psoriasis and Clinical Response to Acitretin
Authors: Baran Anna , Kiluk Paulina , Świderska Magdalena , Maciaszek Magdalena , Myśliwiec Hanna , Flisiak Iwona 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPsoriasis is a systemic disease associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic diseases. Adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein (A‐FABP, FABP4) is a relevant mediator of lipid metabolism and several comorbidities development. Aim of the study was to explore the possible role of FABP4 in psoriasis and assess its relationship with disease activity, inflammation or metabolic disturbances, and impact of systemic treatment. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 33 patients with active plaque‐type psoriasis before and after 12 weeks of therapy and from 11 healthy volunteers. Serum FABP4 concentrations were analyzed by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and statistically analyzed for their correlations with clinical outcomes and the treatment introduced. Serum FABP4 levels were significantly increased in psoriatics compared to controls (p = 0.03). No relationship between the protein and psoriasis severity expressed through psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was noted (p = 0.57). FABP4 did not correlate with CRP (p = 0.41), lipid profile, and body mass index (BMI) nor the glucose level or liver enzyme activity. FABP4 significantly correlated with morphotic blood elements. After total therapy, FABP4 did not statistically change (p = 0.07), but significantly decreased after administering acitretin (p = 0.03). FABP4 is a potential marker of psoriasis and clinical outcome after therapy with acitretin. Adipocyte‐type FABP may be related to hematological disorders or obesity‐mediated comorbidities in psoriasis.
Antisense therapies for movement disorders
Authors: Scoles Daniel R. , Pulst Stefan M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrently, few disease‐modifying therapies exist for degenerative movement disorders. Antisense oligonucleotides are small DNA oligonucleotides, usually encompassing ∼20 base pairs, that can potentially target any messenger RNA of interest. Antisense oligonucleotides often contain modifications to the phosphate backbone, the sugar moiety, and the nucleotide base. The development of antisense oligonucleotide therapies spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy suggest potentially wide‐ranging therapeutic applications for antisense oligonucleotides in neurology. Successes with these two diseases have heightened interest in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to develop antisense oligonucleotides for several movement disorders, including, spinocerebellar ataxias, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Compared to small molecules, antisense oligonucleotide–based therapies have an advantage because the target disease gene sequence is the immediate path to identifying the therapeutically effective complementary antisense oligonucleotide. In this review we describe the different types of antisense oligonucleotide chemistries and their potential use for the treatment of human movement disorders. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Predictors of motor complications in early Parkinson's disease: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kelly Mark J. , Lawton Michael A. , Baig Fahd , Ruffmann Claudio , Barber Thomas R. , Lo Christine , Klein Johannes C. , Ben‐Shlomo Yoav , Hu Michele T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify clinical predictors of motor complications (dyskinesia and motor fluctuations) of levodopa in a prospectively recruited PD cohort using longitudinal analysis.MethodsAn inception cohort (Oxford Discovery) of 734 patients was followed to a maximum of 10 years from diagnosis using a discrete‐time survival analysis. A subset analysis was used to validate an online dyskinesia‐risk calculator developed from the results of the Stalevo Reduction in Dyskinesia Evaluation PD trial.ResultsA total of 186 cases of dyskinesia and 254 cases of motor fluctuations were observed. Dyskinesia incidence increased with time (risk per 100 participants [95% confidence interval] 13 [11–16] <3.5 years, 16 [13–21] 3.5–5.0 years, 19 [14–26] 5–6.5 years, and 23 [16–33] >6.5 years from diagnosis). Motor complication predictors were grouped as medication predictors, disease predictors and patient predictors. Baseline nonmotor feature severity, low mood, anxiety, and age at symptom onset were associated with motor complications among a number of previously identified predictors. Replication of the Stalevo Reduction in Dyskinesia Evaluation PD calculator was reasonable with the area under the curve for dyskinesia risk score as a predictor of dyskinesia being 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.81).ConclusionsThis study quantifies risk of motor complications, finds consistent predictors, and demonstrates the novel finding that nonmotor features of PD, particularly low mood and anxiety, are significant risk factors for motor complications. Further validation of dyskinesia risk scores are required as well as evidence to determine if the routine use of such scores can be clinically valuable in enhancing patient care and quality of life. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Ipsilateral rotational double‐barrel fibula autograft for limb salvage in a pediatric patient with lower extremity intramedullary osteosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Barnds Brandon , Johnson Ariel , Rosenthal Howard , Tilley Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a relatively uncommon diagnosis that often requires limb salvage techniques in young patients. Due to the potential long‐life expectancy of these patients, techniques which avoid prostheses are preferred to limit the need for future revision surgeries. This case report presents a 9‐year‐old male diagnosed with intramedullary well‐differentiated osteosarcoma of the tibial diaphysis. This limb salvage procedure utilized a rotational ipsilateral vascularized double barrel fibula autograft measuring a total of 24.5 cm when harvested but osteotomized to lengths of 11 and 12.5 cm limbs to reconstruct an 11 cm tibial shaft defect. Anterior chamfer cuts were performed on one limb allowing it to be inserted intramedullary while the second limb was then placed with an inlay technique posterolaterally and then compressed with a carbon fiber plate. The patient recovered well initially postoperatively but was taken back for revision of the carbon fiber plate 10 weeks postoperatively secondary to asymptomatic loosening of the proximal screws. The patient subsequently healed and experienced full graft incorporation with expected hypertrophy of the graft. At most recent follow‐up at 19 months, the patient reported no pain and was utilizing the extremity in a normal fashion with no activity limitations. In this report, we present a case of the use of an ipsilateral rotational double‐barrel fibula autograft for limb salvage in a pediatric patient with lower extremity intramedullary osteosarcoma.
A broadband composite complementary double‐split rectangular metamaterial absorber for planar microwave circuits
Authors: Bai Ningfeng , Shen Jingxuan , Shen Changsheng , Sun Xiaohan , Pan Pan , Jun Cai , Feng Jinjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, we present a broadband metamaterial absorber (MA) designed for planar microwave circuits, which focuses on the absorption of an electromagnetic wave (EMW) that flows parallel to the direction of the transmission. This MA consists of complementary double‐split rectangles (CDSRs) with a dielectric layer on top of a metallic ground plane, which can be added to a planar microwave circuit as a bottom layer to absorb the EMWs. With further optimization, a composite CDSR‐MA is proposed that operates between 6.5 GHz and 11.2 GHz and covers X‐band communication frequencies. Modeling and simulation is performed using the CST studio software. The absorption bandwidth of this CCDSR‐MA is 6.5‐11.2 GHz, with absorption above 0.75 and the maximum absorption reaches 0.96 at 10.2 GHz. A sample on a five‐layered circuit board using standard print circuit board technology is fabricated to test this CCDSR‐MA, with an outer dimension of 13.4 mm × 137 mm. The simulation and experimental results agree well with each other.
The leopard that learnt from the cat and other narratives of carnivore–human coexistence in northern India
Authors: Dhee  , Athreya Vidya , Linnell John D. C. , Shivakumar Shweta , Dhiman Sat Pal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

This study explores the diversity of factors that influence human–leopard relationships in Himachal Pradesh, India. Looking beyond the socio‐economic and ecological dimensions of human–leopard conflict, it documents the multifaceted nature of human–wildlife relationships.

We carried out a qualitative analysis of human–leopard interactions based on interviews conducted during an ethnographic study of various stakeholders in the vicinity of a village in Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh, an area with a long history of co‐habitation between leopards and rural inhabitants.

We propose that the unique ways in which our participants relate with non‐human beings arose from both culturally informed and experience‐based knowledge systems. Based on the narratives of the everyday interactions between humans and leopards, we propose that the people in the landscape relate to leopards with an underlying belief that leopards are thinking beings.

We explore the influence of myth and storytelling in the production of narratives that define the image of the leopard in the landscape. We also underline the possible shortcomings of looking at human–animal dynamics only through the narrow lenses of ecology or socio‐economics during the production of policy and illustrate the consequence of discounting the significance of coexistence‐promoting narratives in shared landscapes.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Zoophytophagous predator‐induced defences restrict accumulation of the tomato spotted wilt virus
Authors: Bouagga Sarra , Urbaneja Alberto , Depalo Laura , Rubio Luís , Pérez‐Hedo Meritxell 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of zoophytophagous predators in protected crops has been widely adopted to manage pests in southern Europe. We hypothesized that plant defence responses would be induced by zoophytophagous predators and this induction could affect plant virus occurrence; the phytophagy of these predators induces plant defences similarly to that of viral infection. Therefore, we evaluated whether or not mirid predator‐activated plant defences limited the accumulation of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) in mechanically infected sweet pepper.RESULTSOur results revealed TSWV accumulation in mirid‐punctured plants to be significantly lower than in intact plants. This is most likely associated with the upregulation of the jasmonate acid pathway triggered by mirid phytophagy.CONCLUSIONActivation of induced defences by mirid predators has been demonstrated for the first time to limit the accumulation of TSWV in sweet pepper. This novel approach can offer new control strategies for the management of plant diseases. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Health care professionals' personal and professional views of herbal medicines in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bhamra Sukvinder K. , Slater Adrian , Howard Caroline , Heinrich Michael , Johnson Mark R.D. 
Published: July 2019

Health care professionals (HCPs) have a pivotal role in optimizing patient care and should be familiar with complementary and alternative medicines. The aim of the study was to explore UK‐based HCP personal and professional opinions and experiences of herbal medicines (HMs). An online questionnaire was distributed via social media to recruit (n = 112) a range of HCPs from across the United Kingdom. HCPs from primary and secondary care, the private sector, and academia took part. A large proportion of participants (62%) said they did not personally use any HMs, and 38% did use HMs. HCPs who had personally used HMs had a positive impression of HMs and were more likely to recommend HMs to patients than those who had not used HMs themselves. Participants were given the opportunity to share their perceptions on the safety and efficacy of HMs and their experiences with patients reporting adverse drug reactions to HMs and herb–drug interactions. HCPs identified their lack of knowledge on HMs and insufficient training, which made them unable to advise patients on the safe use of HMs. More education on HMs would help improve HCP knowledge of HMs and help them make better informed decisions when considering patient pharmaceutical care plans.
Application of hot‐stage microscopy direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (HDM) to the analysis of polymers
Authors: Ashton Gage P. , Harding Lindsay P. , Parkes Gareth M.B. , Pownall Sophie E. 
Published: July 2019

RationalePolymers are ubiquitous, and characterisation of their chemical, thermal and mechanical properties is important in many applications. Hot‐stage microscopy Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry (HDM) is a new technique which combines optical measurements with the benefits of ambient ionisation mass spectrometry. Physical and chemical information can be obtained as a function of sample temperature, in real time.MethodsSamples were placed on a miniaturised hot‐stage between a custom‐made Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) source and the inlet of an ion trap mass spectrometer, and subjected to both linear and cycled temperature programmes. Optical images were collected using a digital microscope and mass spectra (positive and negative ion) were recorded simultaneously.ResultsMass spectra and optical images were used to monitor the thermal expansion and release of volatile oligomers from both medical and domestic grades of silicone. Series of ions separated by 74 m/z units were observed, consistent with the SiOMe2 monomer; the median mass of these increased with increasing temperature up to the decomposition point (340–400°C). The abundance of volatile material produced decreased with repeated thermal cycling. The coefficients of thermal expansion were calculated from optical data and were in agreement with conventional measurements (2.7–3.6 × 10−4°C−1). Two samples of beach sand analysed for the presence of microplastics were found to contain polyethylene and polystyrene, respectively.ConclusionsResults indicate that the novel technique of HDM can be successfully applied to the characterisation of a wide range of polymers including those in complex matrices.
Discrete terminal sliding mode repetitive control for a linear actuator with nonlinear friction and uncertainties
Authors: Mitrevska M. , Cao Z. , Zheng J. , Kurniawan E. , Man Z. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA robust discrete terminal sliding mode repetitive controller is proposed for a class of nonlinear positioning systems with parameter uncertainties and nonlinear friction. The terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) part is designed to improve the transient characteristics of the system, as well as the robustness against parameter uncertainties, nonperiodic nonlinearities, and disturbances. The repetitive control (RC) part is then integrated to eliminate the effects of the periodic uncertainties present in the system. Moreover, a pure phase lead compensator is incorporated into the RC to improve the tracking at high frequencies. A robust stability analysis and an analysis of the finite time convergence properties of the proposed controller are also provided in this paper. Simulation testing and an experimental validation using a linear actuator system with nonlinear friction and parameter uncertainties are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Molecular Targeting‐Mediated Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy with a Smart Albumin‐Based Nanodrug
Authors: Gao Ge , Jiang Yao‐Wen , Sun Wei , Guo Yuxin , Jia Hao‐Ran , Yu Xin‐Wang , Pan Guang‐Yu , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) usually requires hyperthermia >50 °C for effective tumor ablation, which inevitably induces heating damage to the surrounding normal tissues/organs. Moreover, low tumor retention and high liver accumulation are the two main obstacles that significantly limit the efficacy and safety of many nanomedicines. To solve these problems, a smart albumin‐based tumor microenvironment‐responsive nanoagent is designed via the self‐assembly of human serum albumin (HSA), dc‐IR825 (a cyanine dye and a photothermal agent), and gambogic acid (GA, a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor and an anticancer agent) to realize molecular targeting‐mediated mild‐temperature PTT. The formed HSA/dc‐IR825/GA nanoparticles (NPs) can escape from mitochondria to the cytosol through mitochondrial disruption under near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Moreover, the GA molecules block the hyperthermia‐induced overexpression of HSP90, achieving the reduced thermoresistance of tumor cells and effective PTT at a mild temperature (<45 °C). Furthermore, HSA/dc‐IR825/GA NPs show pH‐responsive charge reversal, effective tumor accumulation, and negligible liver deposition, ultimately facilitating synergistic mild‐temperature PTT and chemotherapy. Taken together, the NIR‐activated NPs allow the release of molecular drugs more precisely, ablate tumors more effectively, and inhibit cancer metastasis more persistently, which will advance the development of novel mild‐temperature PTT‐based combination strategies.