bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quad‐Port MIMO Antenna With Improved Isolation Developed by Colored Resin Fiber Material for Wideband Applications
Authors: Pandey Raju , Biswas Ashim Kumar , Chakraborty Ujjal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe article explores a quad‐port compact (56 × 56 × 1.5 mm3) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna developed on a colored resin fiber material encompassing enhanced isolation for wideband applications. The design antenna configuration incorporates four ground stubs positioned among antenna pairs on the upper section of the substrate and eight rectangular‐shaped ground slots to enhance antenna isolation. The antenna functions over a broad spectral range from 4.21 to 10.95 GHz, providing coverage for WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz/5.725–5.825 GHz), C band uplink (5.925–6.425 GHz), downlink defense (7.2–7.7 GHz), and ITU band (8–8.5 GHz), with 88.91% fractional bandwidth. The antenna design ensures exceptional isolation, exceeding 21 dB among orthogonal antennas and 25 dB between oppositely placed antennas across the entire functioning bandwidth. Across the working band, the antenna showcases favorable diversity characteristics, including a lower envelope correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.085), higher diversity gain (DG > 9.95 dB), minimal channel capacity loss (< 0.39 bits/s/Hz), and negligible magnitude variation in mean effective gain among the antenna ports (< 0.1 dB). The acquired total active reflection (TARC) curve exhibits the antenna's robust resonance features over the application band and commendable time domain properties in the active spectral region. The findings of the simulation and measurements revealed a close alignment.
What can we infer about mutation calling by using time‐series mutation accumulation data and a Bayesian Mutation Finder?
Authors: Maruki Takahiro , Ozere April , Freeman Jack , Cristescu Melania E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccurate estimates of mutation rates derived from genome‐wide mutation accumulation (MA) data are fundamental to understanding basic evolutionary processes. The rapidly improving high‐throughput sequencing technologies provide unprecedented opportunities to identify single nucleotide mutations across genomes. However, such MA derived data are often difficult to analyze and the performance of the available methods of analysis is not well understood. In this study, we used the existing Bayesian Genotype Caller adapted for MA data that we refer to as Bayesian Mutation Finder (BMF) for identifying single nucleotide mutations while considering the characteristics of the data. We compared the performance of BMF with the widely used Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) by applying these two methods to time‐series MA data as well as simulated data. The time‐series data were obtained by propagating Daphnia pulex over an average of 188 generations and performing whole‐genome sequencing of 14 MA lines across three time points. The results indicate that BMF enables more accurate identification of single nucleotide mutations than GATK especially when applied to the empirical data. Furthermore, BMF involves the use of fewer parameters and is more computationally efficient than GATK. Both BMF and GATK found surprisingly many candidate mutations that were not confirmed at later time points. We systematically infer causes of the unconfirmed candidate mutations, introduce a framework for estimating mutation rates based on genome‐wide candidate mutations confirmed by subsequent sequencing, and provide an improved mutation rate estimate for D. pulex.
Differences in Gut Microbes Across Age and Sex Linked to Metabolism and Microbial Stability in a Hibernating Mammal
Authors: Pfau Madison , Degregori Samuel , Barber Paul H. , Blumstein Daniel T. , Philson Conner S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiome has a well‐documented relationship with host fitness, physiology, and behavior. However, most of what is known comes from captive animals where diets and environments are more homogeneous or controlled. Studies in wild populations that experience dynamic environments and have natural life history variation are less common but are key to understanding the drivers of variation in the gut microbiome. Here we examine a wild population of yellow‐bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer), an obligate winter hibernator, to quantify multivariate associations between host‐associated factors (e.g., age, sex, environmental harshness, and social behavior) and gut microbial composition. Across 5 years and 143 individuals, we found that males had a higher relative abundance of microbes associated with mass gain and cellulose digestion, which suggests a metabolic investment in mass gain (such as phylum Firmicutes and family Lachnospiraceae). By contrast, females had higher relative abundances of microbes associated with inflammation and metabolism (from microbial groups such as Tenericutes and Ruminococcus), possibly reflecting the importance of lactation and offspring investment. Post hoc analyses of lactating females showed a negative relationship with the abundance of microbes associated with mass gain but a positive relationship with microbes associated with metabolic energy, suggesting a trade‐off between investment in pups and maternal mass gain. Older animals also had reduced Proteobacteria relative abundance, a phylum associated with reduced inflammation. Results demonstrate that sex and age‐based traits, not sociality or environmental harshness, are associated with microbe‐mediated metabolism and inflammation in a wild, hibernating mammal.
Seed Regeneration in Taxus baccata: Unveiling Ecological Restrictions and Paving the Way for Future Studies
Authors: Maleki Keyvan , Chmielarz Paweł , Wawrzyniak Mikołaj Krzysztof , Maleki Kourosh , Maleki Ahmad , Soltani Elias 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTaxus baccata, commonly known as English yew, is an evergreen tree native to regions ranging from Ireland and Sweden to Morocco, Algeria, and northern Iran. This species is of special concern due to habitat loss from human activities, including forest management, leading to declining populations. A 4‐year monitoring study was conducted to investigate the factors behind the poor seed regeneration of yew. We examined seed germination, dormancy, desiccation tolerance, and seed predation as potential contributors to this issue. Our study proposed potential seed predation by frugivores and granivores, along with morphophysiological dormancy, as primary reasons for poor regeneration. Despite high seed production and seed availability in certain years, germination did not improve, likely due to the small size of the yew seed embryos, which prolongs dormancy. Yew seeds are desiccation‐tolerant, water‐permeable, and lack physical germination barriers, making seed predation a significant limiting factor. In conclusion, the natural regeneration of yew is hampered by potential seed predation, morphophysiological dormancy, and environmental factors such as altered temperature and rainfall patterns, which change the dormancy‐breaking process. Further research is needed to quantify seed predation and explore its impact on seedling survival.
Fatty Acid Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis and Contactless Conductivity Detection for Future Life Detection Missions
Authors: Kok Miranda G. M. , Mora Maria F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFuture life‐detection missions will likely search for biosignatures within a wide range of organic compounds, including fatty acids. In order to determine such biosignatures, it is necessary to identify and quantify individual fatty acids present within a sample. In this study, we present a method using capillary electrophoresis coupled to contactless conductivity detection (CE–C4D) for the separation and detection of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids after derivatization with N,N‐diethylethylenediamine, triethylamine, and 2‐chloro‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide at 40°C for 10 min. Operating conditions (background electrolyte, separation voltage, and temperature) were optimized to provide maximum separation of fatty acids, thereby allowing their identification and quantification. Using a background electrolyte of 2 M acetic acid in 45% acetonitrile, an optimal separation was obtained with a separation voltage of 10 kV and a capillary temperature of 15°C. The optimized CE–C4D method was used to analyze samples of the cyanobacterium Spirulina. Multiple fatty acids were detected in the samples, showing the potential of this method for detection of fatty acid biosignatures during future spaceflight missions.
Oral administration of tannic acid attenuates dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress in high‐fat and fructose diet‐induced obesity in rats
Authors: Ejiofor Emmanuel , Agwamba Ernest , Egedigwe‐Ekeleme Chima , Nweje‐Anyalowu Paul , Louis Hitler , Abalake Innocent , Imeh Francis , Harold Bliss , Azuh Deborah , Ejiofor Maureen , Okoro Christian , Ejiofor Joan , Ekwegbalu Chidinma , Ekwugha Laurene 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObesity and diabetes are considered life‐threatening conditions, characterized by increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hepatotoxicity, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, we studied the effects of tannic acid in a high‐fat and fructose‐diet‐induced rat model of obesity. Administration of tannic acid at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced fasting blood glucose concentration, reversed disoriented lipid profile, decreased liver enzyme activities, and inhibited oxidative stress compared to the high‐fat, high‐sugar group. Histopathological examination showed preserved pancreas and liver architecture in the tannic acid‐administered groups. The in vitro inhibitory activity of tannic acid against alpha‐amylase, alpha‐glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase showed good inhibitory potential. Molecular docking studies showed high binding affinity and more hydrogen bond interactions between tannic acid and receptor proteins (alpha‐amylase, alpha‐glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase) implicated in obesity and diabetes. In conclusion, tannic acid prevented the onset of oxidative stress, preserved the liver, and restored the disoriented lipid profile in high‐fat and fructose diet‐induced obesity in rats.
Maxillary Sinus Mucosa Preservation Versus Mucosal Sacrifice: Radiographic Outcomes After Inferior Maxillectomy and Soft‐Tissue Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Yu Ya‐Hsuan , Dang Rushil Rajiv , Fan Wan‐Shiun , Chen Min‐Chi , Hu Yu‐Feng , Tsao Chung‐Kang , Chuang Po‐Wen , Lee Ellen Michelle , Young Chi‐Kuang , Liao Chun‐Ta , Kang Chung‐Jan , Huang Shiang‐Fu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study evaluates the impact of maxillary sinus mucosa preservation on radiographic outcomes after an inferior maxillectomy and soft‐tissue free flap reconstruction.MethodsA total of 90 patients in two cohorts (mucosal sacrifice versus mucosa preservation) were evaluated from an institutional dataset. Imaging was reviewed at set time points and sinus scores were allotted based on a modification of the Lund—MacKay system. Patients were evaluated for changes in sinus scores. A univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) analysis was performed.ResultsIn gp1 (mucosal sacrifice), mean postoperative sinus score was 1.21 ± 1.30 (p = < 0.001) at 24 months. On UVA, advanced T‐stage at 12 months (OR 7.143, 95% CI 1.484–34.384, p = 0.014) and 24 months (OR 5.500, 95% CI 1.219–24.813, p = 0.027), and on MVA, advanced T‐stage were associated with increased odds for higher sinus score (OR 4.993, 95% CI 1.084–22.995, p = 0.039). In Gp2 (Mucosa preserved), the mean postoperative sinus score was 0.31 ± 0.47 (p = 0.021) at 24 months. On UVA and MVA, no predictors were identified for a higher sinus score.ConclusionFollowing an inferior maxillectomy and soft‐tissue free flap reconstruction, notably reduced sinus scores were seen in patients with preservation of the remaining maxillary sinus mucosa.
Exploring Storm Intensities and the Implications on Green Stormwater Infrastructure Design
Authors: Amur Achira , Wadzuk Bridget , Traver Robert 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe peak intensity that occurs during a storm event can drive the performance of a green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), which may or may not align with the expected performance of the GSI. Both the peak intensity volume and where it occurs within an event are found to influence the GSI response. The design criteria set the expectation of how well a GSI will manage stormwater within a watershed. The Villanova University bioinfiltration rain garden (BRG) has been monitored since 2003, providing a long hydrological data record that is used to study local and observed rainfall patterns in comparison to design criteria to understand the impact of storm intensity on GSI performance. Intensities for all the storms recorded at the site were assessed at different timesteps and compared to the intensities typically used by the design storm approach in meeting regulatory criteria. There were 1482 storm events analysed and for all timesteps, the values commonly used for meeting design regulations were seen to be well above what was observed at the BRG, with 98% of the storms occurring below these values. Out of the 1482 storms, only 46 storms (3%) had effective durations longer than 10 h and no storm observed had an effective duration longer than 22 h, yet their peak intensities were still below the peak intensity associated with design regulations. This finding highlights the difference in the duration these sites are designed to manage (typically 24 h), in comparison to the ones experienced by the systems. The peak intensity analysis done at the different timesteps shows that for the storms recorded at the BRG, the intensities vary with changing time intervals and events. Of all the assessed events, only two events recorded larger intensities than the regionally specified NOAA C design storm, demonstrating the skewness of the approach. There was no trend in peak rain intensities over the 20‐year rainfall record. This study concludes that due to their dynamic performance, vegetated GSI have a natural resilience to a variety of precipitation patterns and climate changes that may be compromised when designing to a static value set through design storms.
Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in a 29‐week pregnancy with a history of endometriosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mehdiyev Shamsi , Tanoglu Fatma Basak , Altuncu Esma Demir , Oral Engin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHIP) is defined as sudden, nontraumatic intraperitoneal bleeding that occurs during pregnancy or up to 42 days postpartum. The incidence ranges between 4 and 4.9 per 100 000 births. Although seen rarely, it is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality due to maternal hemodynamic instability. Endometriosis was shown to be present in 71% of SHIP cases. A 30‐year‐old primigravid woman with a spontaneous conception, at 29 weeks of gestation, presented to our obstetrics and gynecology emergency department with complaints of abdominal and back pain. In terms of her medical history, a laparoscopic cystectomy was performed in August 2022 due to a 90 mm × 50 mm endometrioma in the right ovary. However, deep endometriosis and adenomyosis were not observed. After decelerations appeared on the non‐stress test, the repeat hemoglobin values dropped to 7.2 g/dL, with blood pressure at 70/50 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 95/min. The decision was made for laparotomy and emergency delivery of the baby. It is crucial to consider SHIP, especially in pregnant patients with a history of endometriosis surgery. Managing such high‐risk cases in specialized centers and easily identifying predisposing factors for SHIP can lead to improved outcomes, despite its rarity and poor prognosis.
High acceptability of point‐of‐care HIV testing at the colposcopy outpatient clinic in hospitals in the Netherlands
Authors: van de Laar R. L. O. , Jordans C. C. E. , Salmaan A. , Hofhuis W. , van den Tillaart S. A. H. M. , van der Avoort I. A. M. , Timmers P. J. , van Beekhuizen H. J. , van Doorn H. C. , Rokx C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveCervical cancer and its precursor are labeled as HIV indicator conditions, justifying the recommendation of HIV testing for all patients. This study aimed to assess the acceptance and patients' and gynecologists' perceptions on HIV testing in patients with cervical dysplasia at the colposcopy outpatient clinic in hospitals in the Netherlands.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between May 2021 and February 2023 to implement point‐of‐care HIV testing in five hospitals in the Rotterdam region, the Netherlands. We included patients aged 18 years and older, without documented HIV, presenting with cervical dysplasia. The primary outcome was the HIV test acceptance rate. Secondary outcomes were the HIV positivity rate and the association between dysplasia severity and test acceptance. We also assessed patients' and gynecologists' perspectives on this testing strategy with a questionnaire.ResultsOf 563 patients, 523 accepted HIV testing, resulting in a test acceptance rate of 92.9% (95% confidence interval, 90.45%–94.88%). Testing rates were consistent among participating hospitals (91.6%–100.0%) None of the patients tested positive for HIV. Severity of dysplasia was not associated with test acceptance (P = 0.768). Most patients (n = 500, 96.0%) reported good or higher experience with this testing strategy. The main barriers for gynecologists to offer HIV testing were lack of time (n = 22, 33.9%) and fear to offend a patient (n = 7, 12.5%). Less than half (n = 19, 39.3%) of gynecologists believed an HIV test should be offered to all patients with cervical dysplasia.ConclusionPoint‐of‐care HIV testing at colposcopy outpatient clinics was well accepted by patients. The data indicate that the primary barrier lies with the physicians to offer such testing.
Estimation of Scattering Properties Modifications Caused by In Vivo Human Skin Optical Clearing Using Line‐Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Zaytsev Sergey M. , Waszczuk Léna , Ogien Jonas , Dubois Arnaud , Blondel Walter , Amouroux Marine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe image contrast and probing depth of optical methods applied to in vivo skin could be improved by reducing skin scattering using the optical clearing method. The aim of this study was to quantify, from line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) 3D images, the modifications of skin scattering properties in vivo during optical clearing. Nine mixtures of optical clearing agents were used in combination with physical and chemical permeation enhancers on the human skin of three healthy volunteers. Scattering coefficient and anisotropy factor of the epidermis and the upper dermis were estimated from the 3D LC‐OCT images of skin using an exponential decay model of the in‐depth intensity profile. We were able to demonstrate a decrease in epidermal scattering (down to 33%) related to optical clearing, with the best results obtained by a mixture of polyethylene glycol, oleic acid, and propylene glycol.
Latent typology of nonsuicidal self‐injury and differences in mental health outcomes
Authors: Nam Sojeong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), defined as deliberate acts of self‐harm without suicidal intent, significantly impacts adults. NSSI involves various behaviors, varying in frequency and severity as well as intersecting with one another. To uncover unobserved subtypes of NSSI, this study utilized latent class analysis (LCA) to precisely identify a latent typology of NSSI among adults using a large national sample (N = 18,798; Mage = 21.73; SD = 4.93). Additionally, differences in mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety, across the identified latent subtypes of NSSI were examined in the LCA model. The findings revealed eight distinct latent subtypes, demonstrating statistically significant differences in depression and anxiety, including multimethod—severe, multimethod—moderate, multimethod—mild, cutting—dominant multimethod, unimethod—pulling hair, unimethod—interfering with wound healing, unimethod—punching/banging, and unimethod—punching/banging an object. These findings underscore the distinct characteristics and mental health needs of each latent subgroup and suggest more tailored and targeted approaches for counseling practice.
Mental health curricula in predoctoral dental school programs: A content analysis
Authors: Culmer Nathan P. , Smith Todd Brenton , Berryhill M. Blake , Kopycka‐Kedzierawski Dorota T. , Greenwood Charlotte , Rengering Colin , Howerton Amanda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundGiven the prevalence of mental health concerns, dentists have an opportunity to provide mental health screenings to enhance overall patient care. The purpose of this study is to summarize and discuss the characteristics of mental health curricula related to patient care in accredited dental schools.MethodsWe identified accredited predoctoral dental programs incorporating mental health training related to patient care into their curriculum. We summarized course characteristics and thematically analyzed course descriptions using headings from the National Library of Medicine.ResultsFrom our review of curricula from 80 dental programs, 27 included a mental health component, and these were found in both didactic and clinical courses. Behavioral science and building clinical competence were the most common themes.DiscussionWhile mental health is an important component in overall patient care, a minority of accredited dental programs’ curricula address it. Further, the manner and extent of inclusion varies. Including mental health training into dental curricula will better prepare dentists for their patients’ comprehensive health needs.
The maximum number of odd cycles in a planar graph
Authors: Heath Emily , Martin Ryan R. , Wells Chris 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHow many copies of a fixed odd cycle, , can a planar graph contain? We answer this question asymptotically for and prove a bound which is tight up to a factor of 3/2 for all other values of . This extends the prior results of Cox and Martin and of Lv, Győri, He, Salia, Tompkins, and Zhu on the analogous question for even cycles. Our bounds result from a reduction to the following maximum likelihood question: which probability mass on the edges of some clique maximizes the probability that edges sampled independently from form either a cycle or a path?