bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EEG‐based outcome prediction after cardiac arrest with convolutional neural networks: Performance and visualization of discriminative features
Authors: Jonas Stefan , Rossetti Andrea O. , Oddo Mauro , Jenni Simon , Favaro Paolo , Zubler Frederic 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrognostication for comatose patients after cardiac arrest is a difficult but essential task. Currently, visual interpretation of electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the main modality used in outcome prediction. There is a growing interest in computer‐assisted EEG interpretation, either to overcome the possible subjectivity of visual interpretation, or to identify complex features of the EEG signal. We used a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict functional outcome based on 19‐channel‐EEG recorded from 267 adult comatose patients during targeted temperature management after CA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) on the test set was 0.885. Interestingly, model architecture and fine‐tuning only played a marginal role in classification performance. We then used gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) as visualization technique to identify which EEG features were used by the network to classify an EEG epoch as favorable or unfavorable outcome, and also to understand failures of the network. Grad‐CAM showed that the network relied on similar features than classical visual analysis for predicting unfavorable outcome (suppressed background, epileptiform transients). This study confirms that CNNs are promising models for EEG‐based prognostication in comatose patients, and that Grad‐CAM can provide explanation for the models' decision‐making, which is of utmost importance for future use of deep learning models in a clinical setting.
Risks of Light and Moderate Alcohol Use in Fatty Liver Disease: Follow‐Up of Population Cohorts
Authors: Åberg Fredrik , Puukka Pauli , Salomaa Veikko , Männistö Satu , Lundqvist Annamari , Valsta Liisa , Perola Markus , Färkkilä Martti , Jula Antti 
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims
The effects of alcohol use in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are unclear. We investigated the impact of alcohol use in fatty liver disease on incident liver, cardiovascular, and malignant disease, as well as death.

Approach and Results
Our study comprised 8,345 persons with hepatic steatosis (fatty liver index >60) who participated in health‐examination surveys (FINRISK 1992‐2012 or Health 2000), with available data on baseline alcohol intake. Main exclusions were baseline clinical liver disease, viral hepatitis, ethanol intake >50 g/day, and current abstainers. Data were linked with national registers for hospital admissions, malignancies, and death regarding liver, cardiovascular, and malignant disease, as well as all‐cause death. Adjustment were for multiple confounders. Alcohol consumption showed a dose‐dependent risk increase for incident advanced liver disease and malignancies. Consuming 10‐19 g/day of alcohol in general or 0‐9 g/day as nonwine beverages doubled the risk for advanced liver disease compared to lifetime abstainers. In contrast, alcohol intake up to 49 g/day was associated with a 22%‐40% reduction of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). We observed a J‐shaped association between alcohol intake and all‐cause death with a maximal risk reduction of 21% (95% confidence interval, 5%‐34%) at alcohol intake of 0‐9 g/day compared to lifetime abstainers. However, these benefits on CVD and mortality were only observed in never smokers. Alcohol intake >30 g/day yielded increased risk estimates for mortality compared to lifetime abstainers. In a subpopulation with longitudinal data, alcohol intake remained stable over time in >80% of subjects.

Conclusions
Even low alcohol intake in fatty liver disease is associated with increased risks for advanced liver disease and cancer. Low to moderate alcohol use is associated with reduced mortality and CVD risk but only among never smokers.
Reproductive justice for incarcerated mothers and advocacy for their infants and young children
Authors: Shlafer Rebecca J. , Hardeman Rachel R. , Carlson Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe United States has seen unprecedented growth in the number of incarcerated women, most of whom are mothers with minor children. Major public health concerns relate to the reproductive health of women in prisons and jails and the well‐being of their infants and young children. In the current article, we use a reproductive justice framework to examine the intersection of incarceration and maternal and child health. We review (a) current research on the reproductive health of incarcerated women, (b) characteristics and experiences of pregnant incarcerated women, (c) outcomes of infants and young children with incarcerated parents, (d) implications of research findings for policy and practice, and (e) the need for increased research, public education, and advocacy. We strongly recommend that correctional policies and practices be updated to address the common misconceptions and biases as well as the unique vulnerabilities and health needs of incarcerated women and their young children.
Chemerin induced by Treponema pallidum predicted membrane protein Tp0965 mediates the activation of endothelial cell via MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Rui‐Li , Wang Qian‐Qiu , Yang Li‐Jia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChemerin, a chemoattractant protein, is involved in endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in pathological conditions. In a recent study, we observed the upregulation of chemerin in endothelial cells following in vitro treatment with Treponema pallidum. Here, we investigated the role of chemerin in endothelial cells activation induced by the T. pallidum predicted membrane protein Tp0965. Following stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Tp0965, chemerin and its receptor chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23) were upregulated, companied with elevated expression of Toll‐like receptor 2. Furthermore, chemerin from HUVECs activated endothelial cells via chemerin/ChemR23 signaling in an autocrine/paracrine manner, characterized by upregulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E‐selectin, and matrix metalloproteinase‐2. Activation of endothelial cells depended on the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In addition, Tp0965‐induced chemerin promoted THP‐1‐derived macrophages migration to endothelial cells, also via the chemerin/ChemR23 pathway. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was also involved in THP‐1‐derived macrophages migration in response to chemerin/ChemR23. Our results highlight the role of Tp0965‐induced chemerin in endothelial cells dysfunction, which contributes to the immunopathogenesis of vascular inflammation of syphilis.
Morphological analysis of sensilla on different organs in Pachyneuron aphidis, a hyperparasitoid of Myzus persicae
Authors: Shen Sifan , Wu Wei , Zhang Zhen , Wang Yuming , Kong Xiang‐Bo , Liu Fu , Zhang Sufang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aphidius gifuensis is the main enemy of Myzus persieae. While its parasitic rate can be influenced by the hyperparasitoid, Pachyneuron aphidis. As important parts of insects to sense odors from various environments, study of sensilla can lay the foundation of the further study about the parasitic mechanisms, reduce the hyperparasitic rate, and make the most effect usage of A. gifuensis. Here, we give a fundamental study about the morphology of the sensilla on the whole body of male and female P. aphidis. We observed seven main types of sensilla on them totally by using scanning electron microscopy. Including Böhm bristle (BB), chaetica sensilla (ChS), basiconic sensilla (BS), trichoid sensilla (TS), and placodea sensilla (PS), coeleoconica sensilla (CoS), basiconic capitate peg sensilla (BCPS). In addition, TS on antennae can be divided into four subtypes, on wings can be divided into two subtypes. Sensilla were most abundant on the antennae. We observed all types of sensilla on antennae. TS4 was uniporous and PS was multiporous. The other sensilla were nonporous. We did not find sexual dimorphism with regards to sensilla on the antennae except for the location of CoS. In male, CoS situated on the fourth subsegment of flagellum, but on the eighth subsegment in female. In other organs, TS has the largest number. We also found BS on compound eyes and ovipositor, BB on thoracic legs. The possible roles of these sensilla played in life activities are discussed. Our study makes a contribution of the parasitic mechanism of hyperparasitoids.
Index participant characteristics and HIV assisted partner services efficacy in Kenya: results of a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Masyuko Sarah J , Cherutich Peter K , Contesse Marielle G , Maingi Peter M , Wamuti Beatrice M , Macharia Paul M , Bukusi David E , Otieno Felix A , Spiegel Hans ML , Dunbar Matthew D , Golden Matthew R , Richardson Barbra A , Farquhar Carey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe have previously demonstrated that assisted partner services (aPS) increases HIV testing and case finding among partners of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) in a cluster randomized trial in Kenya. However, the efficacy of aPS may vary across populations. In this analysis, we explore differences in aPS efficacy by characteristics of index participants.MethodsEighteen HIV testing sites were randomized to immediate versus 6‐week delayed aPS. Participants were PLHIV (or index participants) and their sexual partners. Partners of index participants were contacted for HIV testing and linked to care if HIV positive. Primary outcomes were the number of partners per index participant who: 1) tested for HIV, 2) tested HIV positive and 3) enrolled in HIV care. We used generalized estimating equations to assess differences in aPS efficacy by region, testing location, gender, age and knowledge of HIV status.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2015, the study enrolled 1119 index participants, 625 of whom were in the immediate group. These index participants named 1286 sexual partners. Immediate aPS was more efficacious than delayed aPS in promoting HIV testing among partners in high compared to low HIV prevalence regions (Nyanza incidence rate ratio (IRR) 7.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.4, 9.6 vs. Nairobi/Central IRR 3.4 95% CI 2.3, 4.8). Higher rates of partner HIV testing were also observed for index participants in rural/peri‐urban compared to urban sites (IRR 6.6; 95% CI 4.5, 9.6 vs. IRR 3.5 95% CI 2.5, 5.0 respectively), for female versus male index participants (IRR 5.8 95% CI 4.2, 7.9 vs. IRR 3.7; 95% CI 2.4, 5.8 respectively) and for newly diagnosed versus known HIV‐positive index participants (IRR 6.0 95% CI 4.2, 8.7 vs. IRR 3.3; 95% CI 2.0, 7.7 respectively). Providing aPS to female versus male index participants also had a significantly higher HIV case finding rate (IRR 9.1; 95% CI 4.0, 20.9 vs. IRR 3.2 95% CI 1.7, 6.0 respectively.)ConclusionsWhile it is known that aPS promotes increases in HIV testing and case finding, this is the first study to demonstrate significant differences in aPS efficacy across characteristics of the index participant. Understanding these differences and their drivers will be critical as aPS is brought to scale in order to ensure all PLHIV have access to these services.
The practice of crime linkage: A review of the literature
Authors: Davies Kari , Woodhams Jessica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCrime linkage has been the subject of increasing attention in academic research. Research has found support for the principles of behavioural consistency and distinctiveness, which underpin crime linkage, but this does not provide direct evidence as to whether crime linkage is useful in practice. This literature review draws together documentation that refers to the practice of crime linkage, from assessing analysts' efficacy, to discussing the usage of computerised tools to assist with the linkage process, to providing a comprehensive outline of the process itself. The implications of the amount and type of information currently available are discussed, including the variations in practice and terminology that were explored. Avenues for future investigation and the manner in which future research could be conducted are set out in a research agenda.
Identification of Clausine E as an inhibitor of fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) demethylase activity
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Junya , Han Xinxin , Wang Ning , Song Chuanjun , Wang Ruiyong , Chang Junbiao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe alkaloids containing a carbazole nucleus are an established class of natural products with wide range of biological activities. A combination of thermodynamic and enzymatic activity studies provides an insight into the recognition of Clausine E by the fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO). The binding of Clausine E to FTO was driven by positive entropy and negative enthalpy changes. Results also indicated that the hydroxyl group was crucial for the binding of small molecules with FTO. The structural and thermodynamic information provides the basis for the design of more effective inhibitors for FTO demethylase activity.
The effects of hesperidin or naringin dietary supplementation on the milk properties of dairy ewes
Authors: Simitzis Panagiotis , Massouras Theofilos , Goliomytis Michael , Charismiadou Maria , Moschou Katerina , Economou Christina , Papadedes Vagelis , Lepesioti Sofia , Deligeorgis Stelios 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFortification of animal products with natural bioactive compounds appears to improve their quality and protects consumers against oxidation effects. An experiment was therefore conducted to examine the effects of hesperidin or naringin on milk oxidative stability, yield, composition, coagulation properties, and the fatty acid profile in dairy sheep. Thirty‐six Chios ewes were assigned to four groups. A control group was fed a concentrate diet without supplementation. The other three groups were provided with the same diet further supplemented with hesperidin (6000 mg kg−1), naringin (6000 mg kg−1), or α‐tocopheryl acetate (200 mg kg−1). The efficacy of flavonoids after a change in diet composition that lowered milk oxidation values by itself was also tested. The duration of the experiment was 28 days with alfalfa hay being the only forage source for the first 14 days, whereas after the 15th day a mixture of alfalfa hay and wheat straw (65:35) was provided.RESULTSThe oxidative stability of milk was improved after 14 days of addition of the examined flavonoids (P < 0.05). Milk malondialdehyde (MDA) values were also decreased as a result of flavonoid dietary supplementation, 14 days after the modification of the forage source. On the other hand, no significant differences in yield, chemical composition, coagulation properties, and fatty acid profile of ewe milk were observed among the treatments throughout the experiment.CONCLUSIONEnrichment of dairy ewes' diets with hesperidin and naringin might be effective in improving milk's oxidative stability without any effects on the milk's chemical composition, coagulation properties, and fatty acid profile. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The Use of a 1,540 nm Fractional Erbium‐Glass Laser in Treatment of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Al‐Dhalimi Muhsin A. , Al‐Janabi Murtadha H. , Abd Al Hussein Ruqeya A. 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesVarieties of laser and light sources have been tried for treatment of alopecia areata (AA) and some success has been reported. To assess the effectiveness of 1,540  nm fractional erbium‐glass laser in treatment of AA.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe patches of AA were divided into two groups, the study group (I) underwent six sessions of laser therapy at weekly interval with topical minoxidil solution applied twice daily for 6 weeks, while group (II), the control group was received only topical minoxidil solution. The patches were evaluated objectively (hair count and percentage of regrowth) and subjectively (patient satisfaction) at the end of follow‐up period (another 6 weeks).ResultsThe percentage of hair increment between pre‐treatment and follow‐up period was 30% for study patches versus 6.45% for control patches. Regarding the percentage of growth, the response rate for study patches was 60% versus 16% for the control.ConclusionsErbium‐glass laser seems to be effective in regrowing hair in AA. The durability of the response is unknown. Possible mechanisms of improvement include the induction of a thermal effect on papillary dermis, which stimulates hair regrowth, or an immunological effect on the follicle. In addition, the erbium‐glass laser may enhance the delivery of minoxidil solution. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photofunctionalizable Hydrogel for Fabricating Volume Optical Diffractive Sensors
Authors: Pal Anil Kumar , Labella Elisabetta , Goddard Nicholas J. , Gupta Ruchi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVolume amplitude gratings made of mesoporous hydrogels are beneficial for sensing, but are difficult to fabricate because they involve creating high aspect ratio features in soft materials. A novel photofunctionalizable hydrogel is reported and its suitability for fabricating grating sensors is demonstrated comprising of features with an aspect ratio of ≈3.2. To make a photofunctionalizable hydrogel with high optical quality that can be patterned using widely available light sources, a water‐soluble photoactive monomer and sensitizer are synthesized. A transmission amplitude grating is subsequently fabricated in a ≈100 µm thick photofunctionalizable hydrogel film by reaction of the free amines generated in the photoexposed regions with pH‐responsive fluorescein isothiocyanate. The volume hydrogel grating described herein is shown to be suitable for real‐time sensing of pH as an exemplar analyte. This work will have a significant impact on the fabrication of diffractive optical structures in thick films of hydrogels that are highly promising for biomolecular sensing in disease diagnosis and healthcare monitoring.
Design of self‐quadruplexing antenna using substrate‐integrated waveguide technique
Authors: Kumar Arvind 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA low‐profile cavity‐based self‐quadruplexing antenna (SQA) is projected by using substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for multiband wireless communications. Four quarter‐mode‐like SIW‐based cavity resonators are used for radiation and each resonator is fed individually by four distinct printed feed lines. The proposed antenna topology offers four resonant frequencies around 3.5, 5.2, 5.5, and 5.8 GHz band when excited by the corresponding feed. By appropriately adjusting the design essentials, an isolation around 23.6 dB is realized between any two input ports. Thus, four separate signals can coexist on a single antenna assembly without interfering each other, which help to realize the self‐quadruplexing phenomenon. Finally, the antenna is prototyped and experimentally verified. The experimental results show good agreement with simulated counterparts. Moreover, the proposed design retains the advantages of a small footprint, compact size, low cost, and ease of manufacturing, which makes it a promising candidate for highly integrated handheld transceivers.
Bulking for stress urinary incontinence in men: A systematic review
Authors: Toia B. , Gresty H. , Pakzad M. , Hamid R. , Ockrim J. , Greenwell T. 
Published: July 2019

AimsAn updated literature review on outcomes in men treated with currently commercially available bulking agents was performed to determine whether this is a reasonable option in selected patients.MethodsThe review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses framework of systematic reviews. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, and Embase was undertaken. Abstracts were independently screened by two investigators to include men with stress urinary incontinence treated with a peri‐urethral injection of bulking agents currently available in the market.ResultsOnly eight original articles met the inclusion criteria. The bulking agents used were Macroplastique in five studies (total 123 patients), Opsys, Durasphere, and Urolastic in one study each (10, 7, and 2 patients, respectively). Only one study was randomized; Macroplastique vs AUS in men with mild or total incontinence. The included populations were heterogeneous and encompassed endoscopic, perineal, abdominal and laparoscopic prostate surgery as well as spinal cord injuries and urethral sphincter insufficiency. Significant dissimilarity was evident for the duration of incontinence (9‐108 months), mean volume of bulking agent used (2.3–13.5 mL), number of cushions (1‐5), depth and position of the cushions. The outcomes varied significantly, with reported dry rates between 0% and 83%. Outcomes were limited by relatively short follow‐up in most studies.ConclusionFollowing initial enthusiasm and then dismay with collagen‐based compounds, sparse and heterogeneous literature data were produced on newer non‐migrating and nonabsorbable bulking agents. Some studies have suggested encouraging, if short term outcomes, however, future studies are needed in this field to support recommendations for widespread use.
Assessing quality of life in obstetric fistula patients: Validation of the urogenital distress inventory (UDI‐6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ‐7) in Lingala and Kikongo in DR Congo
Authors: Loposso Matthieu Nkumu , Ndundu Jean , Mbunzu Dolores , Matala Tala , Punga Augustin Maole , De Ridder Dirk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims: The Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ‐7) are both well‐known. In obstetric fistula (OF) repair outcome is usually assessed by the surgical team. The patient perspective is often neglected. Therefore we translated both questionnaires in Lingala and Kikongo, official languages in DR Congo. Secondly used the questionnaires in an OF population to assess the real life continence status and the impact of fistula repair surgery.Methods: UDI‐6 and IIQ‐7 were translated and underwent content validity checks using focus groups. The final versions were tested in a normal population and in an OF population (33 for Kikongo, 35 for Lingala) for internal consistency and test‐retest reliability. The responsiveness was tested in an OF population and effect sizes were calculated.Results: Both questionnaires showed good internal consistency and reliability. The Cronbach's α for UDI‐6 in both languages was 0.47 for the IIQ‐7, 0.96 for Lingala and 0.94 for Kikongo in an OF population. The test‐retest reliability was high in all cohorts. Both questionnaire scores improved significantly after fistula repair. The effect size for UDI‐6 was −1.09 and −1.6 for IIQ‐7.Conclusion: Both IIQ‐7 and UDI‐6 questionnaires have been translated in Lingala and Kikongo, two languages of DR Congo. The questionnaires have been validated in an obstetrical fistula population, showing good content validity and test‐retest reliability. The questionnaires show a highly significant effect size, demonstrating the dramatic positive effect of fistula surgery on urogenital symptoms and on the quality of live in an obstetric fistula population.