bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXCLUSIVITY STRATEGIES OF INNOVATOR DRUG DEVELOPERS
Authors: K. Chaitanya Prasad , M. Prabodh , S. Ashish , R. Suthakaran , M. Naveen Reddy , M. Ravindra Reddy 
Published: July 2018

Pharmaceutical drug development had become very costly and time consuming. There is an estimate that a drug from molecular development to marketing approvals cost $800 Millions. Drug approval process is time consuming process most companies loss their patent exclusivity before drug gets marketing approvals. To prevent innovators from monetary losses occurred in drug development and to encourage innovation US FDA and EMEA introduced exclusivities under various categories. Within the period of drug exclusivity no application is accepted either ANDA or 505 (b) (2).
FACTS ON DRUG REGULATIONS
Authors: Gupta Rajkumar 
Published: July 2018

The pharmaceutical products are very much driven by the drug regulation imposed by ministry of health in individual countries. The basic facts on regulations is that they are mandatory and noncompliant are punishable under the law. Further, compliance is not a one time job but it is an exercise to be performed over the life cycle of the drug products. It starts from development of the products and continues till the product is in market. The information, registration, permission and extensions/withdrawals are the primary regulatory requirements for the drug products.
The main focus of drug regulations is to check that safety, quality and efficacy of the drug products over its lifecycle.
A STUDY ON HEAMPHILUS INFLUANZAE TYPE B DISEASE CAUSING ANTIGENS: AN APPROACH OF EPITOPE PREDICTION, ANTIGENICITY AND IMMUNOGENICITY PREDICTION
Authors: Fawzi Mukhlif Z. , Suad Ibrahim M. , S. Rekha , Hasan Rgb H. , S. Rao B. 
Published: July 2018

Vaccines work by mimicking disease agents and stimulating the immune system which in turn builds a defence mechanism against the disease causing agents. Some of the vaccines contain a part of the disease causing agents which are either weakened or dead. Apart from using vaccines only for viral infections, utilizing the same against Cancers both as therapeutic and preventative has captured huge interest. The use of Cancer vaccines in cancer therapies is called immunotherapy which is done either by specific cancer vaccine or universal cancer vaccine which contain tumour antigens that stimulate the immune system which in turn initiate various mechanisms that terminate tumour cells and prevents recurrence of these tumours. Hemophilus influanzae is a disease causing virus & here we have done a brief study about the different antigens of the b strain of Haemophilus influenzae and compare them using various bioinformatics tools to get the most effective antigen of the above mentioned strain.
PREPARATION & COMPILATION OF ACTD DOSSIER (PART II QUALITY)
Authors: Gupta Rajkumar M. 
Published: July 2018

ACTD is a critical document for drug substance and produces registration in ASEAN region. The document is essentially divided into 4 parts. Each part provides information under specific head. Out of all the parts, the part II is most important. This part not only evaluates technical suitability of the product but also determines the suitability of active drug and Excipients.
The major stress in this part is on formulation, manufacturing, stability and process validation. The information required under this part is suitably detailed in this article.
Calculation analysis of the effect of uneven distribution of solid fuel on burners on ecological safety of boiler plants of TPPS
Authors: Leikin V. Z. 
Published: July 2018

Ensuring environmental safety for energy companies in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 219 of 21.07.2014 is a top priority task today. Experimental studies and industrial experience show that one of the main factors for the formation of virtually all toxic fuel combustion products in boiler plants is the ignition conditions in each burner of the furnace: the fuel-air ratio in the ignition zone, the proportion of primary air, the ratio between the secondary and primary air velocities, etc. However, according to the current regulations, the calculation of emissions of fuel oxides of nitrogen, as well as benz(a)pyrene, is based on averaged values for all burners of the furnace, and the influence of the most important factor — the uniformity of the distribution of fuel and air over the burners — on their formation is not taken into account.In the work presented, a calculation analysis is performed of the effect of uneven distribution of solid fuel on the burners of boiler plants on emissions of nitrogen oxides, as well as benz(a)pyrene, in combustion products. A calculation procedure has been developed and the dependences of the change in NOx emissions on the nonuniformity of the Δg distribution, the average air excess factor in the αG burners, the number of burners and the dust distribution models have been obtained. It is shown that with the value of the parameter Δg <10%, the uneven distribution of fuel has practically no effect on emissions of nitrogen oxides and benz(a)pyrene, and Δg5 (at which the increase in NOx emissions due to uneven distribution of dust does not exceed 5%) should make: for two burners — 22% ... 27%, four — 12% ... 22%, six — 11% ... 13%. At higher values of Δg and with increasing α, there is a significant increase in emissions of nitrogen oxides and benz(a)pyrene. It is obtained that simultaneously there is a simultaneous increase in NOx and BP. Recommendations are given on the use of dust distribution circuits and designs of dust dividers that meet the requirements to ensure that the uneven distribution of fuel over the burners would not affect emissions of nitrogen oxides.
Fulity of use of expander-generator sets at thermal power plants
Authors: Kulichikhin V. V. 
Published: July 2018

The so-called expander-generator sets (EGS) have found some application in Western Europe. Their operation is based on a drop in the pressure of natural gas (NG), which comes to a power-generating or industrial facility, and which used to be lost in choking devices of the gas distribution station (GDS) of these facilities. The capacity of such sets, e.g., in Germany, is limited to just tens to hundreds of kilowatts. The benefit for their owners lies in obtaining, according to the German law, markups to the cost of energy released to electricity consumers. However, the economic environment in place in Russia is somewhat different.According to the author, the limited number of EGS in Russia’s power industry, as well as cases of their decommissioning, are due to the lack of evidence of their thermodynamic or technical-economic efficiency, or even worsening economic conditions at facilities, where those were implemented. Besides, the facilities in question have to be provided with considerable specific conditions. These include a relatively high value of initial NG pressure at the input of EGS, its considerable flow rate and the possibility of NG heating at the input of EGS. This necessity to heat NG upstream the EGS is determined, on the one hand, by the intention to enhance the EGS capacity, and on the other hand, by having to comply with requirements imposed by the EGS manufacturer regarding the temperature values upstream and downstream the EGS. Without a required source of heat of relevant parameters at the facility, application of EGS turns out to be impossible, altogether. An interest in EGS in Russia arose due to construction and commissioning (first, at CHPP-21, and later at CHPP-23 of Mosenergo) of two power-generating centers, each equipped with two 5 MW EGS. Since then, a large number of articles have been published, and numerous theses have been defended based on the studies undertaken, mostly of analytical nature. Yet, those publications have not considered, for a real expander, matters of effects produced by the relation between the absolute electrical efficiency (ηe) of CPP and/or CHPP and the efficiency ratio of expander (ηer ), the NG expansion ratio (δ). Conditions, at which heating NG upstream the EGS is expedient, have not been established, either, whereas these are the factors crucial for economic feasibility of a TPP to be equipped with EGS.
Analyse de quelques dispositifs pédagogiques pour développer une excellence sociale et sociétale dans l’enseignement supérieur
Authors: De Ketele Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2018

Des experts en pédagogie universitaire proposent pour les institutions d’enseignement supérieur une conception de l’excellence qui soit « sociale », c’est-à-dire permettant à tous les étudiants de révéler leurs propres pôles d’excellence, et « sociétale », c’est-à-dire développant chez eux un engagement à la résolution des problèmes liés aux enjeux sociétaux. Se posent alors les questions de savoir à quels types de dispositifs recourir, quelles en sont leurs caractéristiques essentielles pour justifier leur pertinence et quelles sont les conditions à respecter pour pouvoir prétendre développer une excellence sociale et sociétale ? Pour répondre à ces questions, cinq types de dispositifs sont présentés et caractérisés : des travaux pratiques complexes, certaines formes d’études de cas, des dispositifs de simulation, des approches par projets et des dispositifs d’évaluation formatifs. Une synthèse plus conceptuelle des conditions à mettre en œuvre clôture cet article. http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2015.03
Sadae Policy – A reflection of Joseon’s understanding of Minh – Dai Viet relation in early 15th century
Authors: Nhật Linh Nguyễn 
Published: July 2018

In the early of 15th century, the Ming’s expansion to the South, especially with the invasion of Dai Viet, caused danger to other nation in East Asia. In this situation, Joseon used the knowledge of Minh Dai Viet relation to contruct and implement the Sadae policy in their relation with China. Joseon’s effort in maintaining the stable relationship with the Ming by expressing the submission and legitimation of their dynasty revealed Joseon’s reaction toward the changes in Ming – Dai Viet relation. As Joseon’s strategies to maintain the independence, Sadae policy reflected the impacts of Ming – Dai Viet relation in the history of early 15th century East Asia.
Effect of Junction Cell Temperature and Geographical Coordinates on The Electrical Performances of a Photovoltaic Module
Authors: Boutghan C. , Kholai O. , Benattalah S. 
Published: July 2018

After the absorption of the photons, during the photovoltaic conversion process, one part of the radiation remains unabsorbed causing the cell to overheat and thus a drop in efficiency. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of junction temperature, geographic coordinates as well as the season on the electrical performance of the photovoltaic cell. The results obtained show that the junction temperature has an effect which is not favorable on the electrical efficiency of the module for high temperatures around midday which is of 11% however it reaches 14% for low temperatures in the morning. Geographical coordinates at different altitudes, have no effect on the energy produced from the module, but the effect of the season on the efficiency confirms the previous results, that, the efficiency is good for low temperatures. The results are obtained by simulation, through a computer code in FORTRAN language, designed for this purpose. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Enhancing Luminous Efficacy of White Led Lamp Using Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ Phosphor
Authors: Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh , Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao , Kamil Postava 
Published: July 2018

Along with the rapid development of science and technology in today's society, lighting technology, especially white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), has become a critical and essential element in almost every field of our daily life. Therefore, the enhancement of luminous efficiency has become an important objective in the production of white LEDs to serve the needs of customers. This paper presents the influence of Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ green luminescent phosphor on the light quality of WLEDs. In this work, the green-emitting Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphor is added into the in-cup phosphor configuration, which leads to the varying of the scattering property of this compounding. This is proved through the scattering coefficient from Mie-theory. Besides, the color quality scale which is called CQS index of WLEDs is also verified. The achieved results indicate that the luminous efficacy increases significantly if the Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ concentration is varied. The smaller the Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ size is used, the higher the luminous flux is obtained. However, the CQS can decrease if Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ concentration is adjusted in another direction. Therefore, it is vital to select a suitable concentration and size of Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ for enhancing the luminous efficacy of WLEDs, and the benet of this phosphor in creating white WLED packages is a potential solution for developing LED illumination technology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Fault Location in High Voltage Transmission Lines Using Resistance, Reactance and Impedance
Authors: Seghir Samira , Bouthiba Tahar , Dadda Samia , Boukhari Rebiha , Bouricha Abdelhakim 
Published: July 2018

This paper presents two methods for on-line computation of dynamic fault location in HV transmission lines using three means; resistance, reactance and impedance. These methods can be used for dynamic distance protection of the transmission line. The Gilchrist method and McInnes method are presented. The proposed methods use digital set of short circuit current and voltage measurements for estimating fault location. A practical case study is presented in this work to evaluate the proposed methods. A study is done to evaluate the best mean to locate the fault. A comparison of these two methods is presented. MATLAB-Simulink software was used to do all the tests. Results are reported and conclusions are drawn. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
İş ve Tarım Makinaları Montajı Yapan Bir Tesiste REFA Standartları ile İş Örneklemesi Uygulaması
Authors: KENGER Ömer Nedim , KENGER Zülal Diri , ÇİL Zeynel Abidin , METE Süleyman , KARATAŞ Hüseyin , ÖZCEYLAN Eren 
Published: July 2018

Geçmiş yıllarda rekabet ortamı bugünkü kadar zorlu olmadığından şirketler karlarını satış fiyatlarını artırarak sağlayabiliyorlardı. Günümüzde küreselleşen ve büyüyen ortam beraberinde rekabeti getirmiş, bunun neticesinde ise şirketler satış fiyatını artırma şansları olmadığından kar elde edebilmek amacıyla maliyetlerini düşürme yoluna başvurmak zorunda kalmışlardır. Montaj hatlarında maliyeti minimize etmenin en önemli yolu kayıp zamanları tespit ederek, yok etmek veya minimum seviyeye indirmektir. Kayıp zamanların tespitinde uygulanabilecek en ucuz, emeği en düşük ve en kısa sürede sonuca ulaşılabilecek yöntem ise iş örneklemesidir. Bu çalışmada iş ve tarım makinaları montajı yapan bir işletmede REFA (Reichsausschuss Für Arbeitszeitermittlung) standartları ile iş örneklemesi uygulaması yapılmıştır. Örneklemeler istatistiksel metotlar ile belirlenmiş ve kayıp zamanlar için çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir.
KINERJA PEMBANGUNAN KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN LINDUNG SUNGAI WAIN DAN DAS MANGGAR DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Ichsan Andi Chairil 
Published: July 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kinerja KPHL Sungai Wain dan DAS manggar (SWDM) dalam menjalankan pengelolaan hutan di tingkat tapak dengan menggunakan kriteria dan indikator dari Forest Watch Indonesia versi 1.0. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata keseluruhan kriteria yang dinilai berada pada rentang cukup, yang berarti KPHL SWDM cukup baik dalam menjalankan fungsinya sebagai unit pengelola hutan di tingkat tapak. Namun demikian, pasca penerapan UU 23 tahun 2014, kelembagaan pengelolaan HLSWDM mengalami ketidak pastian akibat kurangnya koordinasi antar pihak dalam menindak lanjuti perubahan kebijakan tersebut. Dengan demikian, dibutuhkan sebuah pendekatan yang berorientasi pada empat dimensi utama, yaitu; kondisi lingkungan eksternal, motivasi kelembagaan, serta kapasitas dan kinerja kelembagaan yang dijalankan.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN GIZI PRODUK OLAHAN SAYUR LEBUI
Authors: Ananto Agus Dwi 
Published: July 2018

The high prevalence of malnutrition reflected low food security in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Nutritional, security, sociocultural, and diversification in the processing and utilization of food that has not been optimal to be the cause of it. Lebui [Glycine max (L.) Merril] as a typical vegetable processed product of Lombok island can be one of alternative of food reinforcement. This aims of this research was to determined the water content, ash and anthocyanin processed vegetable products in quantitative and sensory. Evaluation of nutritional content using proximate analysis while receiving aspect using favorite test. The results showed that water, ash, and anthocyanin levels in the samples were 11.366% w / w, 4.116% w / w, 46.757 mg / 100 g respectively while in the processed products had similar results with seeds with the decreasing trend of anthocyanin content . Preferably test shows organoleptically more vegetable variants more desirable from the aspects of taste, texture, and aroma. Processed vegetable products have higher nutritional content and are preferred by consumers so that it can be further developed as a diversificated of food products.

Keywords: hedonic test, processed vegetable product, proximate analysis

ABSTRAK
Angka prevalensi gizi buruk yang tinggi merefleksikan rendahnya ketahanan pangan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Aspek gizi, keamanan, sosiokultural, diversifikasi dalam pengolahan dan pemanfaatan pangan yang belum optimal menjadi faktor penyebab hal tersebut. Lebui [Glycine max (L.) Merril] sebagai produk olahan sayur khas pulau Lombok dapat menjadi salahsatu alternatif penguatan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar air, abu dan antosianin produk olahan sayur lebui secara kuantitatif dan sensoris. Evaluasi kandungan gizi menggunakan analisa proksimat sementara aspek penerimaan menggunakan uji kesukaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar air, abu, dan antosianin pada sampel berturut-turut sebesar 11,366 %b/b, 4,116 %b/b, 46,757 mg/100 g sementara pada produk olahan memiliki hasil yang serupa dengan biji lebui disertai dengan trend penurunan kadar antosianin. Uji kesukaan menunjukkan secara organoleptik varian sayur lebui lebih diminati dari aspek rasa, tekstur, dan aroma. Produk olahan sayur lebui memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup tinggi dan lebih disukai konsumen sehingga dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai diversifikasi produk pangan.

Kata kunci:analisa proksimat, produk olahan sayur lebui, uji kesukaan
La Comunicación organizacional interna en la organización educativa
Authors: Papic Katia 
Published: July 2018

RESUMENEn el presente trabajo se reflexiona sobre la función de la comunicación organizacional interna, dado que favorece el mantenimiento y el desarrollo de la organización educativa en el marco del desenvolvimiento de una gestión participativa. En la actualidad se la concibe como estrategia global, que posibilita atender las caracterí­sticas y desafí­os del contexto social y cultural y del sistema educativo de Chile, en el proceso de implementar la educación con calidad, equidad y participación. ABSTRACTThis paper pretends to meditate about the internal organizational communication because it keeps up and develops the educational organization in the frame of a participative management. In this regard, should be noted that actually it is conceived as a global strategy that enables the characteristics and challenges of the social and cultural context and for the Chilean Educational System, in the process of implementing education with quality, equality, and participation. Keywords: Organizational communication, communication, educational organization.
Life Histories and Other Biological Characteristics Enabling the Establishment of Aedes albopictus in the San Gabriel Valley, California
Authors: Ruedas Gimena , Peña Hendricks , Brisco Angela , Fujioka Kenn K. , Wekesa J. Wakoli 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Since Aedes albopictus was discovered in 2011 in the San Gabriel Valley it has become widespread despite the “harsh” environmental conditions and intense efforts to control or eliminate it. Species introduced into a new area may survive, thrive, or disappear depending on whether its new environment is suitable. The San Gabriel Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District expended considerable resources from 2011 to 2015 to eradicate this invasive species or, at a minimum, control and manage its spread. Despite the intense effort, the distribution of Ae. albopictus steadily expanded. Over those 5 years this increase shifted from a geometric to exponential pattern. What enabled Ae. albopictus to survive initially, become established, and then expand their distribution when ecological conditions in southern California were considered hostile for this invasive species? This study explores several biological characteristics including skip oviposition, installment egg hatching, and variable larval development that may have helped Ae. albopictus flourish in its new environment.
Comparative Efficacy of Pimephales promelas, Fundulus diaphanus, and Gambusia affinis and Influence of Prey Density for Biological Control of Culex pipiens molestus Larvae
Authors: Bickerton Matthew W. , Corleto Joseph , Verna Thomas N. , Williges Eric , Matadha Deepak 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTLarval survival times and density-dependent feeding behavior were evaluated with the use of 2 species of fish native to the northeastern USA (Pimephales promelas and Fundulus diaphanus), and the potentially invasive Gambusia affinis. Each species was provided 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 4th-stage larvae of Culex pipiens molestus/fish in the laboratory and digital images were recorded to quantify the number of surviving larvae at various intervals. Daily feeding rates were greatest at the highest larval density. These were 49.69 ± 4.07 larvae for P. promelas, 60 larvae for F. diaphanus, and 36.44 ± 6.6 larvae for G. affinis. Survival analysis was used to compare efficacy of each fish species over time. All fish species consumed larvae at similar rates at lower densities, but significant differences occurred at densities of 30–60 larvae/fish. Survival times of larvae at the highest density were 44 ± 7.9 h for P. promelas, 15 ± 3.4 h for F. diaphanus, and 70.6 ±13 h for G. affinis. In order to evaluate feeding rate as a function of prey density, we compared consumption rates 1.5 h after feeding with the use of a 4-parameter logistic model. Fundulus diaphanus and G. affinis feeding aligned with the 4-parameter model, indicating that initial feeding rates for these species increased with prey density to an upper limit (satiation). Pimephales promelas feeding within 1.5 h did not align with this model, suggesting that early feeding rates for this species are not heavily influenced by prey density.