bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting trait emotional intelligence from HEXACO personality: Domains, facets, and the general factor of personality
Authors: Anglim Jeromy , Morse Gavin , Dunlop Patrick D. , Minbashian Amirali , Marty Andrew 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe current study provides a comprehensive analysis of the overlap between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and personality. This overlap was examined using the HEXACO personality framework at both the domain and the facet levels, and through varying methods of deriving a general factor of personality (GFP).MethodA sample of 1,370 Australian adults (51% male, age in years M = 45.5, SD = 11.7, range: 21–71) completed the 200‐item HEXACO Personality Inventory‐Revised and the Modified Assessing Emotions Scale measure of self‐reported Trait EI.ResultsThe strongest domain correlations with Total EI emerged for Extraversion (r = .67) followed by Openness (r = .39), Conscientiousness (r = .35), and Agreeableness (r = .26). Large adjusted multiple correlations were obtained when predicting Total EI from HEXACO domains (.74) and facets (.81). The correlations of the GFP and Total EI ranged from .53 to .64 depending on how the GFP was operationalized.ConclusionTrait EI is largely captured by the HEXACO personality framework, whereby Extraversion or the GFP provides a rough initial approximation, but composites of domains and facets provide progressively better representations.
Diet is a main source of vitamin D in Finnish pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Mäkitaipale Johanna , Sievänen Harri , Sankari Satu , Laitinen‐Vapaavuori Outi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuring the winter time in Finland, sunlight is inadequate for vitamin D synthesis. Many pet rabbits live as house rabbits with limited outdoor access even during summer and may therefore be dependent on dietary sources of vitamin D. The aims of this study were to report the serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Finnish pet rabbits and to identify factors that influence vitamin D status. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from 140 pet rabbits were determined using a vitamin D enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit. Eleven rabbits were excluded from the statistical analysis because of unclear dietary data. The remaining 129 rabbits were divided into groups depending on outdoor access during summer (no access n = 26, periodic n = 57, regular n = 46) as well as daily diet: little or no hay and commercial rabbit food ≤1/2 dl (n = 12); a lot of hay and no commercial food daily (n = 23); a lot of hay and commercial food <1 dl (n = 59); a lot of hay and commercial food ≥1 dl (n = 35). The range of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was from 4.5 to 67.5 ng/ml with a mean of 26.1 ng/ml. Statistical general linear model adjusted for weight, age and season indicated that diet was associated with vitamin D concentrations (p = 0.001), but outdoor access during summer was not (p = 0.41). Mean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was significantly higher in the rabbits receiving a lot of hay and commercial food ≥1 dl (33.9 ± 13.2 ng/ml) than in rabbits in other diet groups (24.0 ± 8.5 ng/ml, 21.7 ± 8.1 ng/ml, and 22.2 ± 18.0 ng/ml, respectively). This investigation showed wide variation in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among Finnish pet rabbits. Diet remains a main source since outdoor access seems to be too limited to provide adequate vitamin D synthesis for most of them, and the use of vitamin D supplements is rare.
Minimal mortality and rapid recovery of the dominant shrub Larrea tridentata following an extreme cold event in the northern Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Ladwig Laura M. , Collins Scott L. , Krofcheck Dan J. , Pockman William T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuestionsWoody encroachment into grasslands is a worldwide phenomenon partially influenced by climate change, including extreme weather events. Larrea tridentata is a common shrub throughout the warm deserts of North America that has encroached into grasslands over the past 150 years. Physiological measurements suggest that the northern distribution of L. tridentata is limited by cold temperatures; thus extreme winter events may slow or reverse shrub expansion. We tested this limitation by measuring the response of individual L. tridentata shrubs to an extreme winter cold (−31°C) event to assess shrub mortality and rate of recovery of surviving shrubs.LocationSevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro County, New Mexico, USA.MethodsCanopy dieback and recovery following an extreme cold event were measured for 869 permanently marked individual L. tridentata shrubs in grass–shrub ecotone and shrubland sites. Individual shrubs were monitored for amount of canopy dieback, rate of recovery, and seed set for three growing seasons after the freeze event.ResultsShrubs rapidly suffered a nearly complete loss of canopy leaf area across all sites. Although canopy loss was high, mortality was low and 99% of shrubs resprouted during the first growing season after the freeze event. Regrowth rates were similar within ecotone and shrubland sites, even when damage by frost was larger in the latter. After three years of recovery, L. tridentata canopies had regrown on average 23–83% of the original pre‐freeze canopy sizes across the sites.ConclusionsWe conclude that isolated extreme cold events may temporarily decrease shrubland biomass but they do not slow or reverse shrub expansion. These events are less likely to occur in the future as regional temperatures increase under climate change.
Disease progression in paediatric‐ and adult‐onset sclerosing cholangitis: Results from two independent Dutch registries
Authors: Joosse Maria E. , Haisma Sjoukje M. , Sterk Marlou F. M. , van Munster Kim N. , Ponsioen Cyriel I. J. , Houwen Roderick H. J. , Koot Bart G. P. , de Meij Tim , van Rheenen Patrick F. , de Koning Barbara A. E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsSclerosing cholangitis (SC) is a severe liver disease leading to destruction of bile ducts. It is believed to run a milder course in children than in adults. To test this assumption, we evaluated time‐to‐complication curves in two independent paediatric‐onset cohorts from the same geographical area.MethodsShort‐term disease outcomes were evaluated with an online clinical registry that was filled with data on children with SC diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 and who were followed bi‐annually thereafter. Long‐term disease outcomes were evaluated in a paediatric‐onset subcohort derived from a previously published population‐based study from the Netherlands. Time‐to‐complication in the first cohort was defined as the time from diagnosis until portal hypertension, biliary obstructions and infections, development of malignancy, or liver transplantation, whichever came first. In the second cohort time‐to‐complication was defined as the time until liver transplantation or PSC‐related death.ResultsMedian age at diagnosis in the first cohort (n = 86) was 12.3 years. In the first 5 years post‐diagnosis 23% of patients developed complications. The patients in the population‐based study (n = 683) were stratified into those diagnosed before the age of 18 years (‘paediatric‐onset’ subcohort, n = 43) and those diagnosed after the age of 18 years (‘adult‐onset’ subcohort, n = 640). Median age at diagnosis was 14.6 and 40.2 years, respectively. Median time‐to‐complication in the paediatric‐onset and adult‐onset subcohorts was not statistically different.ConclusionPaediatric and adult‐onset SC run a similar long‐term disease course. Paediatricians who treat children with SC should monitor them closely to recognize early complications and control long‐term sequelae.
Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species‐dependent pexophagy in Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Calero‐Muñoz Nieves , Exposito‐Rodriguez Marino , Collado‐Arenal Aurelio M. , Rodríguez‐Serrano María , Laureano‐Marín Ana M. , Santamaría M. Estrella , Gotor Cecilia , Díaz Isabel , Mullineaux Philip M. , Romero‐Puertas María C. , Olmedilla Adela , Sandalio Luisa M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCadmium treatment induces transient peroxisome proliferation in Arabidopsis leaves. To determine whether this process is regulated by pexophagy and to identify the mechanisms involved, we analysed time course‐dependent changes in ATG8, an autophagy marker, and the accumulation of peroxisomal marker PEX14a. After 3 hr of Cd exposure, the transcript levels of ATG8h, ATG8c, a, and i were slightly up‐regulated and then returned to normal. ATG8 protein levels also increased after 3 hr of Cd treatment, although an opposite pattern was observed in PEX14. Arabidopsis lines expressing GFP‐ATG8a and CFP‐SKL enabled us to demonstrate the presence of pexophagic processes in leaves. The Cd‐dependent induction of pexophagy was demonstrated by the accumulation of peroxisomes in autophagy gene (ATG)‐related Arabidopsis knockout mutants atg5 and atg7. We show that ATG8a colocalizes with catalase and NBR1 in the electron‐dense peroxisomal core, thus suggesting that NBR1 may be an autophagic receptor for peroxisomes, with catalase being possibly involved in targeting pexophagy. Protein carbonylation and peroxisomal redox state suggest that protein oxidation may trigger pexophagy. Cathepsine B, legumain, and caspase 6 may also be involved in the regulation of pexophagy. Our results suggest that pexophagy could be an important step in rapid cell responses to cadmium.
Inhibition of NADP‐malic enzyme activity by H2S and NO in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits
Authors: Muñoz‐Vargas María A. , González‐Gordo Salvador , Palma José M. , Corpas Francisco J. 
Published: June 2019

NADPH is an essential cofactor in many physiological processes. Fruit ripening is caused by multiple biochemical pathways in which, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) metabolism is involved. Previous studies have demonstrated the differential modulation of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content during sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit ripening, both of which regulate NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase activity. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential functions of other NADPH‐generating components, we analyzed glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), which are involved in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (OxPPP) and NADP‐malic enzyme (NADP‐ME). During fruit ripening, G6PDH activity diminished by 38%, while 6PGDH and NADP‐ME activity increased 1.5‐ and 2.6‐fold, respectively. To better understand the potential regulation of these NADP‐dehydrogenases by H2S, we obtained a 50–75% ammonium‐sulfate‐enriched protein fraction containing these proteins. With the aid of in vitro assays, in the presence of H2S, we observed that, while NADP‐ME activity was inhibited by up to 29–32% using 2 and 5 mM Na2S as H2S donor, G6PDH and 6PGDH activities were unaffected. On the other hand, NO donors, S‐nitrosocyteine (CysNO) and DETA NONOate also inhibited NADP‐ME activity by 35%. These findings suggest that both NADP‐ME and 6PGDH play an important role in maintaining the supply of NADPH during pepper fruit ripening and that H2S and NO partially modulate the NADPH‐generating system.
Evaluating the public health response to a mass bat exposure—Wyoming, 2017
Authors: Cote Andrea , Wallace Ryan M. , Jackson David A. , Said Maria A. , Musgrave Karl , Tran Cuc H. , Van Houten Clayton , Harrist Alexia , Buttke Danielle , Busacker Ashley , Pickens Veronica , Guagliardo Sarah Anne J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMass bat exposures (MBEs) occur when multiple people are exposed to a bat or a bat colony, often over an extended period. In August 2017, a public health investigation was started in response to an MBE that occurred during May–August 2017 at a national park research station in Wyoming. We identified 176 people who had slept primarily in two lodges (Lodges A and B) at the research station, and successfully contacted 165 (93.8%) of these individuals. Risk assessments (RAs) were administered to all 165 individuals to determine degree and type of exposures to bats (e.g., biting or scratching). Exposure status for research station guests was classified as “non‐exposed,” “low risk” or “high risk,” and counselling was provided to guide post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) recommendations. Prior to public health notification and intervention, 19 persons made the decision to pursue PEP. The healthcare‐seeking behaviours of this group were taken to represent outcomes in the absence of public health intervention. (These persons received a RA, and their risk classification was retrospectively assigned.) Approximately 1–2 weeks after conducting the RAs, we conducted a follow‐up survey to determine whether recommendations regarding PEP were ultimately followed. The proportion of individuals that unnecessarily pursued PEP was higher among the 19 individuals that sought health care prior to receiving the RA (p < 0.00001). Among those receiving the RA first, all persons classified as high risk followed public health guidance to seek PEP treatment. Despite this, upon re‐interview, only 21/79 (26.6%) of guests could accurately recall their risk classification, with most people (55.7%) overestimating their risk. Study findings demonstrate that early public health interventions such as RAs can reduce unnecessary use of PEP and that messaging used during rabies counselling should be clear.
Evaluating the risk of tick‐borne relapsing fever among occupational cavers—Austin, TX, 2017
Authors: Campbell Stefanie B. , Klioueva Anna , Taylor Jeff , Nelson Christina , Tomasi Suzanne , Replogle Adam , Kwit Natalie , Sexton Christopher , Schwartz Amy , Hinckley Alison 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTick‐borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is a potentially serious spirochetal infection caused by certain species of Borrelia and acquired through the bite of Ornithodoros ticks. In 2017, Austin Public Health, Austin, TX, identified five cases of febrile illness among employees who worked in caves. A cross‐sectional serosurvey and interview were conducted for 44 employees at eight organizations that conduct cave‐related work. Antibodies against TBRF‐causing Borrelia were detected in the serum of five participants, four of whom reported recent illness. Seropositive employees entered significantly more caves (Median 25 [SD: 15] versus Median 4 [SD: 16], p = 0.04) than seronegative employees. Six caves were entered more frequently by seropositive employees posing a potentially high risk. Several of these caves were in public use areas and were opened for tours. Education of area healthcare providers about TBRF and prevention recommendations for cavers and the public are advised.
Infection control practices employed within small animal veterinary practices—A systematic review
Authors: Willemsen Angela , Cobbold Rowland , Gibson Justine , Wilks Kathryn , Lawler Sheleigh , Reid Simon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEffective infection control (IC) provides a safe environment for staff, clients and animals of veterinary practices by reducing the risk of nosocomial and zoonotic infections, which are associated with increased hospital stays, costs, morbidity and mortality. An equally important issue arising from nosocomial infection is the loss of trust between the client and the veterinary practice that has potential negative impacts on the veterinary practice in terms of economic risk and the well‐being of staff. Furthermore, an emerging and significant threat, in this context, is antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this systematic review was to critically review published reports that documented current IC practices and evaluated interventions to improve IC practices. A systematic literature search using ten databases to identify papers published over a 20‐year period (February 1996 to February 2016) was conducted for studies that met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were assessed using the PRISMA and STROBE‐Vet statements. A total of 14 of 1,615 identified studies met our inclusion criteria. Infection control practices included hand hygiene, sharps handling, environmental cleaning, personal protective equipment and personnel vaccination. Descriptive studies were the predominant research design for assessing IC compliance. Only three studies were interventions. Compliance with IC protocols was poor and only marginally increased with multimodal educational campaigns. There was significant variation in the implementation of IC by veterinary staff. Workplaces that had IC policies, management support and a staff member supporting their implementation were more likely to embrace good IC. Infection control data in veterinary practices were inconsistently reported and collected. Clearly defining IC and determining prevalence of these practices within the veterinary field is important given the limited research in this area. Further, developing and implementing educational campaigns for this sector is needed.
A Cinematic View of Tissue Microbiology in the Live Infected Host
Authors: Richter-Dahlfors Agneta , Melican Keira 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Tissue microbiology allows for the study of bacterial infection in the most clinically relevant microenvironment, the living host. Advancements in techniques and technology have facilitated the development of novel ways of studying infection. Many of these advancements have come from outside the field of microbiology. In this article, we outline the progression from bacteriology through cellular microbiology to tissue microbiology, highlighting seminal studies along the way. We outline the enormous potential but also some of the challenges of the tissue microbiology approach. We focus on the role of emerging technologies in the continual development of infectious disease research and highlight future possibilities in our ongoing quest to understand host-pathogen interaction.
The Role of the Type III Secretion System in the Intracellular Lifestyle of Enteric Pathogens
Authors: De Souza Santos Marcela , Orth Kim 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

Several pathogens have evolved to infect host cells from within, which requires subversion of many host intracellular processes. In the case of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, adaptation to an intracellular life cycle relies largely on the activity of type III secretion systems (T3SSs), an apparatus used to deliver effector proteins into the host cell, from where these effectors regulate important cellular functions such as vesicular trafficking, cytoskeleton reorganization, and the innate immune response. Each bacterium is equipped with a unique suite of these T3SS effectors, which aid in the development of an individual intracellular lifestyle for their respective pathogens. Some bacteria adapt to reside and propagate within a customized vacuole, while others establish a replicative niche in the host cytosol. In this article, we review the mechanisms by which T3SS effectors contribute to these different lifestyles. To illustrate the formation of a vacuolar and a cytosolic lifestyle, we discuss the intracellular habitats of the enteric pathogens
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium and
Shigella flexneri
, respectively. These represent well-characterized systems that function as informative models to contribute to our understanding of T3SS-dependent subversion of intracellular processes. Additionally, we present
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
, another enteric Gram-negative pathogen, as an emerging model for future studies of the cytosolic lifestyle.
Observing Ramadan and sleep-wake patterns in athletes: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Trabelsi Khaled , Bragazzi Nicola , Zlitni Sahar , Khacharem Aimen , Boukhris Omar , El-Abed Kais , Ammar Achraf , Khanfir Saber , Shephard Roy J , Hakim Ahmed , Moalla Wassim , Chtourou Hamdi 
Published: June 2019

Objective
To evaluate the effect of observing Ramadan on athletes’ sleep patterns.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
The entire content of PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Single-group, prepost and cross-over design studies conducted in athletes aged ≥18 years, training at least twice a week and published in English before 12 July 2018 were included. Studies assessing sleep quantity, quality, daytime sleepiness and/or daily naps based on objective or subjective methods were deemed eligible.

Study appraisal
The methodological quality was assessed using ‘QualSyst’.

Results
Of 13 selected articles, 7 were of strong quality, 3 were moderate and 3 were weak. 11 studies evaluated total sleep time (TST); this decreased during Ramadan in 4 studies, increased in 1 and remained unchanged in 6. Pooled TST findings indicated a moderate effect size (− 0.97, SE=0.37, 95% CI −1.69 to −0.25, t=−2.64, p=0.01) with significant heterogeneity but no publication bias. Meta-regressions showed no effects of study year, age, sample size, type of sport or competition level, but there were effects of country (with France and Tunisia being the most affected countries and Turkey the least affected, Q=32.14, p<0.0001) and study design (Q=7.74, p=0.02). Four studies measured self-reported sleep quality and it decreased in three studies. One study of sleep architecture reported more frequent waking and more light sleep during Ramadan. Daily nap duration was increased in two studies, but daytime sleepiness remained unchanged in four studies.

Conclusion
When athletes continue to train at least two times/week while observing Ramadan, TST is decreased compared with athletes’ baseline levels.
Pre-post changes in main outcomes of medical rehabilitation in Germany: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant and aggregated data
Authors: Schuler Michael , Murauer Kathrin , Stangl Stephanie , Grau Anna , Gabriel Katharina , Podger Lauren , Heuschmann Peter U , Faller Hermann 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionMultidisciplinary, complex rehabilitation interventions are an important part of the treatment of chronic diseases. However, little is known about the effectiveness of routine rehabilitation interventions within the German healthcare system. Due to the nature of the social insurance system in Germany, randomised controlled trials examining the effects of rehabilitation interventions are challenging to implement and scarcely accessible. Consequently, alternative pre-post designs can be employed to assess pre-post effects of medical rehabilitation programmes. We present a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis methods to assess the pre-post effects of rehabilitation interventions in Germany.Methods and analysisThe respective study will be conducted within the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. A systematic literature review will be conducted to identify studies reporting the pre-post effects (start of intervention vs end of intervention or later) in German healthcare. Studies investigating the following disease groups will be included: orthopaedics, rheumatology, oncology, pulmonology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology and psychosomatics. The primary outcomes of interest are physical/mental quality of life, physical functioning and social participation for all disease groups as well as pain (orthopaedic and rheumatologic patients only), blood pressure (cardiac patients only), asthma control (patients with asthma only), dyspnoea (patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease only) and depression/anxiety (psychosomatic patients only). We will invite the principal investigators of the identified studies to provide additional individual patient data. We aim to perform the meta-analyses using individual patient data as well as aggregate data. We will examine the effects of both study-level and patient-level moderators by using a meta-regression method.Ethics and disseminationOnly studies that have received institutional approval from an ethics committee and present anonymised individual patient data will be included in the meta-analysis. The results will be presented in a peer-reviewed publication and at research conferences. A declaration of no objection by the ethics committee of the University of Würzburg is available (number 20180411 01).Trial registration numberCRD42018080316.