bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Design of One‐Dimensional Ferromagnetic Semiconductors in Transition Metal Embedded Stannaspherene Nanowires
Authors: Li Xingxing , Yang Jinlong 
Published: July 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionDeveloping low dimensional semiconductors with moderate band gaps, intrinsic ferromagnetism and large magnetic anisotropy energies (MAEs) is very desirable for high‐speed nano‐spintronic devices, which, however, still remains a big challenge. Here, via first principles calculations, a potential route to realize such materials is proposed based on a new class of one‐dimensional transition metal (TM) embedded stannaspherene (Sn122–) nanowires [TM2(Sn12)]∞ (TM = Ti‐Ni). Three semiconductors with robust ferromagnetism are achieved with TM = V, Cr and Fe, which all exhibit direct or quasi‐direct band gaps around 1.0 eV, rendering their great potentials for visible light optoelectronic applications. Interestingly, [Cr2(Sn12)]∞ and [Fe2(Sn12)]∞ are both identified as bipolar magnetic semiconductors (BMS) with valence and conduction band edges spin polarized in the opposite directions, which are promising for realizing switch of carriers’ spin orientation by electrical gating, while [V2(Sn12)]∞ exhibits a half semiconductor (HSC) property with valence and conduction band edges spin polarized in the same direction and can be used for spin‐polarized carriers generation. Moreover, sizable MAEs are discovered in these nanowires, which are at least two orders of magnitude larger than those of Fe, Co and Ni bulks and also significantly larger than current ferromagnetic semiconductors.
Encoding Clinical Data with the Human Phenotype Ontology for Computational Differential Diagnostics
Authors: Köhler Sebastian , Øien N. Christine , Buske Orion J. , Groza Tudor , Jacobsen Julius O. B. , McNamara Craig , Vasilevsky Nicole , Carmody Leigh C. , Gourdine J. P. , Gargano Michael , McMurry Julie A. , Danis Daniel , Mungall Christopher J. , Smedley Damian , Haendel Melissa , Robinson Peter N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a standardized set of phenotypic terms that are organized in a hierarchical fashion. It is a widely used resource for capturing human disease phenotypes for computational analysis to support differential diagnostics. The HPO is frequently used to create a set of terms that accurately describe the observed clinical abnormalities of an individual being evaluated for suspected rare genetic disease. This profile is compared with computational disease profiles in the HPO database with the aim of identifying genetic diseases with comparable phenotypic profiles. The computational analysis can be coupled with the analysis of whole‐exome or whole‐genome sequencing data through applications such as Exomiser. This article explains how to choose an optimal set of HPO terms for these cases and enter them with software, such as PhenoTips and PatientArchive, and demonstrates how to use Phenomizer and Exomiser to generate a computational differential diagnosis. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of swallowing function in patients with oropharyngeal secretions
Authors: Yamaguchi Taiki , Mikushi Shinya , Ayuse Takao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have reported a strong association between the presence of oropharyngeal secretions in the laryngeal vestibule and the likelihood of aspiration of food or liquid. However, no previous studies have evaluated the accumulation of saliva and swallowing dynamics.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the factors related to decreased function that result in saliva accumulation based on images from videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing (VF) performed on the same day as videoendoscopic examination of swallowing (VE).MethodsThis retrospective study investigated 47 patients with dysphagia who underwent VF and VE on the same day. Saliva accumulation in the pharynx was assessed on VE and classified by the Murray secretion scale. Pharyngeal residue was assessed on VF. In addition, displacement of the hyoid bone and larynx on swallowing and the opening size of the esophageal orifice were measured, and contact between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall was examined on VF.ResultsModerate correlations were found between saliva accumulation and perpendicular displacement of the larynx and upper esophageal sphincter opening. The percentage of patients showing contact between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall was significantly greater in those with a saliva accumulation score of 0 or 1.ConclusionLess laryngeal elevation and upper esophageal sphincter opening and absence of contact between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall when swallowing tended to result in accumulation of saliva in the pharynx.
Does financial availability sustain financial, innovative, and environmental performance? Relation via opportunity recognition
Authors: Memon Aasma , Yong An Zhang , Memon Muhammad Qasim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTraditionally, firms tend to incline toward financial performance and profitability to surge shareholder's wealth. In the modern day, in addition to financial performance, innovative and environmental performance has also become a central effort. However, all firms are not flourished in the achievement of financial, innovative, and environmental performance, particularly small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), which need adequate financial resources due to lack of resources and can search for opportunities to boost their performance. This research examines the role of financial availability in financial, innovative, and environmental performance with a mediating role of opportunity recognition. Empirical evidence is collected through structured questionnaires from 347 SMEs operating in the emerging market Pakistan. Hypotheses are tested in Analysis of a Moment Structure (AMOS) using structural equation modeling. Results indicate that satisfactory financial resources significantly contribute to financial and innovative performance but play an insignificant role in environmental performance as well. In addition, firms with enough financial capital recognize new opportunities significantly via opportunity recognition mediator, where partially mediating the relation between financial availability and financial/innovative performance. However, firms fully mediate the link between financial availability and environmental performance. Our research findings recommend CEOs and top managers to utilize their financial resources in an efficient way to achieve the advantage of the new opportunity recognition, superior financial, innovative, and environmental performance.
A High‐Surface‐Area Carbon‐Coated 3D Nickel Nanomesh for Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Kee Yongho , Bardé Fanny , Vereecken Philippe M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNanostructured electrodes show great promises for application in batteries and could improve their energy and power density. Herein, a carbon‐coated 3D Ni nanomesh was used as an air cathode for non‐aqueous Li–air (O2) battery applications. A 3 μm thick 3D Ni nanomesh was fabricated, showing an excellent surface area/footprint area ratio (90 cm2:1 cm2) and uniformly distributed pores, on which a conformal amorphous carbon coating was applied for the first time. This carbon‐coated 3D Ni nanomesh showed an approximately 100 times larger charge‐footprint capacity than that of the glassy carbon electrode. Owing to its tunable properties, a capacity higher than 6 mAh cm−2 could be achieved for a carbon‐coated 3D Ni nanomesh with a thickness of 100 μm, whereas the practical capacities of current air electrodes are in the range of 2 mAh cm−2.
Anonymous identity authentication mechanism for hybrid architecture in mobile crowd sensing networks
Authors: Tao Dan , Ma Pengchen , Obaidat Mohammad S. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn the context of mobile crowd sensing (MCS), the security and privacy protection is an important research topic. We investigate an anonymous identity authentication mechanism for MCS networks in this manuscript. To solve the defects of single authentication system, we firstly analyze the design requirements and put forward a hybrid authentication architecture by combining public key infrastructure (PKI) and combined public key (CPK). To ensure key security, we propose a CPK algorithm based on an elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) to generate user's key pair and meet the security requirements of users. Particularly, we enrich the Doley‐Yao attacker model in an authentication environment and introduce the concept of “pseudonym set” into the authentication interaction process to solve the large‐scale key management. Finally, we evaluate the proposed anonymous identity authentication mechanism by function verification and performance analysis. Substantial experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our solutions that contribute to privacy protection for the process of authentication by the means of pseudonym.
Secrecy outage performance analysis of MIMO underlay cognitive radio networks with delayed CSI and transmitter antenna selection
Authors: Thakur Anshu , Kumar Ashok , Gupta Nitin , Singh Ajay 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCognitive radio network is an emerging solution to deal with spectrum scarcity and to utilize the radio spectrum in opportunistic and efficient manner. Secure data transmission is one of the important issues in these kind of networks. This work studies the secrecy outage performance of a multiple‐input multiple‐output underlay cognitive wiretap radio network system over Rayleigh fading channel with delayed channel state information. This work considers that the secondary transmitter is equipped with multiple antennas and confidential information is transmitted from to multiantenna receiver in the presence of multiantenna eavesdropper. Further, the transmit antenna selection scheme is considered at secondary transmitter to reduce the complexity of antenna selection and to make it more practicable. To improve the quality of signal, this work considers maximal ratio combining (MRC) at secondary receiver, while selection combining and MRC techniques are utilized at the eavesdropper. The closed form expression for exact, asymptotic, and intercept secrecy outage probability has been derived, and the simulation is done for the validation of analytical results. The derived results reveal deterioration of channel secrecy performance with outdated channel state information, and the eavesdropper with outdated channel state information has also an adverse effect. Moreover, the diversity order that can be achieved in underlay cognitive radio network with outdated channel state information is unity.
Grain size fractionation by process‐driven sorting in sandy to muddy deltas
Authors: van der Vegt Helena , Storms Joep E.A. , Walstra Dirk‐Jan R. , Nordahl Kjetil , Howes Nick C. , Martinius Allard W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModern and ancient analogues are often consulted by geologists to help understand subsurface systems. While modern analogues provide information on the areal relationship between facies, ancient systems provide detailed data on the vertical facies variations, typically along a two‐dimensional outcrop. Combining data from modern and ancient systems effectively requires translating areal morphology, which is often still evolving, to the related sediments preserved in three dimensions. Process‐based models simulate both depositional processes while preserving stratigraphy. These models can be employed to unravel the relationship between sediment supply and preserved deposits in natural systems and to help integrate field data. Four synthetic deltas were modelled using different sediment supply compositions, from coarse to very fine sand systems. The resultant sedimentary deposits are classified into architectural elements, and the grain size composition of each architectural element is studied over time. Facies that are extensive in their horizontal dimensions are often less abundant in three‐dimensional preserved deposits. Between deltas, grain size compositions of a specific architectural element type (e.g. mouth bars) are more similar than their corresponding sediment supply compositions. This is due to selective deposition of grain size classes across each architectural element type. This selective deposition causes overrepresentation of the same range of grain sizes, even for systems with different sediment supply compositions. When a particular supply composition does not contain enough of the overrepresented grain size class for a particular architectural element, that element will be under‐supplied and constitute a smaller proportion of the overall delta deposits. It is imperative to account for over‐representation of grain size classes in particular architectural elements when estimating palaeo‐sediment supply, delta architecture and morphology from field data. Even when data availability/accessibility does not allow the inclusion of distal deposits in field studies, process‐based simulations can contribute valuable information on sediment sorting patterns in three dimensions.
Body condition (Wr) and reproductive potential of bighead and silver carp hybrids: Postzygotic selection in the Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Lamer James T. , Ruebush Blake C. , McClelland Michael A. , Epifanio John M. , Sass Greg G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvasive bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) are reproductively isolated in their native range, but form a bimodal, multigenerational hybrid swarm within the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). Despite observed F1 hybrid superiority in experimental settings, effects of postzygotic selection on bighead and silver carp hybrids have not been tested in a natural system. Individual parent and hybrid genotypes were resolved at 57 species‐specific loci and used to evaluate postzygotic selection for body condition (Wr) and female reproductive potential (presence of spawning stage gonads and gonadosomatic index [GSI]) in the MRB during 2009–2011. Body condition in the Marseilles Reach, Illinois River declined with a decrease in species‐specific allele frequency from 1.0 to 0.4 for each species and early generation hybrids (F1, F2, and first‐generation backcross) had lower mean Wr than late generation hybrids (2nd+ generation backcrosses) and parentals. Proportions of stage IV and stage V (spawning stage) female gonads differed between bighead and silver carp, but not among parentals and their early and late generation hybrids within the MRB. Mean GSI values did not differ between parentals and hybrids. Because reproductive potential did not differ between hybrids and parentals, our results suggest that early generation hybrids occur in low frequency either as a factor of poor condition (Wr) and postreproductive survival, infrequent reproductive encounters by parental bighead and silver carp, or selection pressures acting on juvenile or immature life stages. Our results suggest that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the postzygotic success of bighead and silver carp hybrids in the Mississippi River Basin.
Development of network structure and synchronized firing patterns in dissociated culture of neurons
Authors: Kayama Atsushi , Yada Yuichiro , Takahashi Hirokazu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpatiotemporal patterns of neural activities develop repeatability, diversity, and hierarchy. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate how these dynamical properties are associated with a network structure in primary cultures of dissociated neurons. High‐density CMOS electrode array investigated spatiotemporal activity patterns of dissociated neuronal cultures throughout development. Additionally, based on the spatiotemporal patterns in each test culture, a structure of functional network was estimated with transfer entropy in a pairwise manner. Consequently, repeatability increased with connection strength, dispersity, and clustering at the early developmental stage. Subsequently, hierarchy developed with connection strength and dispersity. These results demonstrated that a repertoire of activity patterns developed with some characteristics of network structure.
Plant species dominance increases pollination complementarity and plant reproductive function
Authors: Stavert Jamie R. , Bartomeus Ignasi , Beggs Jacqueline R. , Gaskett Anne C. , Pattemore David E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWorldwide, anthropogenic change is causing biodiversity loss, disrupting many critical ecosystem functions. Most studies investigating the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning focus on species richness, predominantly within the context of productivity‐related functions. Consequently, there is limited understanding of how other biodiversity measures, such as species evenness (the distribution of abundance among species), affect complex multitrophic functions such as pollination. We explore the effect of species evenness on the ecosystem function of pollination using a controlled experiment with selected plants and insects in flight cages. We manipulated the relative abundances of plant and pollinator species, while holding species richness, composition, dominance order, and total abundance constant. Then, we tested how numerical species evenness affected network structure and consequently, seed production, in our artificial communities. Contrary to our expectation, numerical dominance in plant communities increased complementarity in pollinator use (reduced pollinator sharing) among plant species. As predicted by theory, this increased complementarity resulted in higher seed production for the most dominant and rare plant species in our cages. Our results show that in a controlled experimental setting, numerical species evenness can alter important aspects of plant–pollinator networks and plant reproduction, irrespective of species richness, composition, and total abundance. Extending this understanding of how species evenness affects ecosystem functioning to natural systems is crucial as anthropogenic disturbances continue to alter species’ abundances, likely disrupting ecosystem functions long before extinctions occur.
Background pharmacological therapy in the ANTHEM‐HF: comparison to contemporary trials of novel heart failure therapies
Authors: Premchand Rajendra K. , Sharma Kamal , Mittal Sanjay , Monteiro Rufino , Libbus Imad , Ardell Jeffrey L. , Gregory Douglas D. , KenKnight Bruce H. , Amurthur Badri , DiCarlo Lorenzo A. , Anand Inder S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsClinical trials of new heart failure (HF) therapies administer guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) as background pharmacologic treatment (BPT). In the ANTHEM‐HF Pilot Study, addition of autonomic regulation therapy to GDMT significantly improved left ventricular function, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, 6 min walk distance, and quality of life in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A post hoc analysis was performed to compare BPT in ANTHEM‐HF with two other trials of novel HF therapies: the PARADIGM‐HF study of sacubitril–valsartan and the SHIFT study of ivadrabine. All three studies evaluated patients with HFrEF, and the recommendations for use of GDMT were similar. A left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% was required for entry into ANTHEM‐HF and PARADIGM‐HF and ≤35% for SHIFT. NYHA 2 or 3 symptoms were required for entry into ANTHEM‐HF, and patients with predominantly NYHA 2 or 3 symptoms were enrolled in PARADIGM‐HF and SHIFT.Methods and resultsData on BPT were obtained from peer‐reviewed publications and the public domain. Pearson's χ2 test was used to evaluate differences in proportions, and Student's unpaired t‐test was used to evaluate differences in mean values. The minimum period of stable GDMT required before randomization was longer in ANTHEM‐HF: 3 months vs. 1 month in PARADIGM‐HF and SHIFT, respectively. When compared with PARADIGM‐HF and SHIFT, more patients in ANTHEM‐HF received beta‐blockers (100% vs. 93% and 89%, P < 0.04 and P < 0.007) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (75% vs. 55% and 61%, P < 0.002 and P < 0.03). More patients in PARADIGM‐HF received an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker than in ANTHEM‐HF or SHIFT (100% vs. 85%, P < 0.0001, and 100% vs. 91%, P < 0.001), which was related to PARADIGM's design. When beta‐blocker doses in ANTHEM‐HF and SHIFT were compared, significantly fewer patients in ANTHEM‐HF received doses ≥100% of target (10% vs. 23%, P < 0.02), and fewer patients tended to receive doses ≥50% of target (17% vs. 26%, P = 0.11). When ANTHEM‐HF and PARADIGM‐HF were compared, more patients in ANTHEM‐HF tended to receive doses ≥100% of target (10% vs. 7%, P = 0.36), and fewer patients tended to receive doses ≥50% of target (17% vs. 20%, P = 0.56).ConclusionsBackground treatment with GDMT in ANTHEM‐HF compared favourably with that in two other contemporary trials of new HF therapies. The minimum period of stable GDMT required before randomization was longer, and GDMT remained unchanged for the study's duration. These findings serve to further support the potential role of autonomic regulation therapy as an adjunct to GDMT for patients with HFrEF.
Good to Bad or Bad to Bad? What is the relationship between valence and the trait content of the Big Two?
Authors: Oliveira Manuel , Garcia‐Marques Teresa , Garcia‐Marques Leonel , Dotsch Ron 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article we directly assessed the relationship between valence and relevant traits of the Big Two dimensions (i.e., communion and agency). Drawing on previous research, we expected that the relationship with valence would be less monotonous and more variable in direction across agency‐related traits, compared to communion‐related traits. In three repeated measures studies we assessed the perceived valence of each trait dimension on a continuum of seven points. Studies 1 and 2 defined each continuum verbally. In Study 3 each continuum was defined by facial features. Results across these studies show that valence is linearly and more consistently related with communion‐related traits than with agency‐related traits. Within agency, however, competence established a positive linear relationship with valence, whereas dominance showed a target‐sensitive relationship with valence: quadratic in evaluation of trait concepts, and negative and linear in face evaluation. We discuss the implications of these data for Big Two‐related research.
Analysis of ALK, MYCN, and the ALK ligand ALKAL2 (FAM150B/AUGα) in neuroblastoma patient samples with chromosome arm 2p rearrangements
Authors: Javanmardi Niloufar , Fransson Susanne , Djos Anna , Umapathy Ganesh , Östensson Malin , Milosevic Jelena , Borenäs Marcus , Hallberg Bengt , Kogner Per , Martinsson Tommy , Palmer Ruth H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGain of chromosome arm 2p is a previously described entity in neuroblastoma (NB). This genomic address is home to two important oncogenes in NB—MYCN and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). MYCN amplification is a critical prognostic factor coupled with poor prognosis in NB. Mutation of the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase has been described in both somatic and familial NB. Here, ALK activation occurs in the context of the full‐length receptor, exemplified by activating point mutations in NB. ALK overexpression and activation, in the absence of genetic mutation has also been described in NB. In addition, the recently identified ALK ligand ALKAL2 (previously described as FAM150B and AUGα) is also found on the distal portion of 2p, at 2p25. Here we analyze 356 NB tumor samples and discuss observations indicating that gain of 2p has implications for the development of NB. Finally, we put forward the hypothesis that the effect of 2p gain may result from a combination of MYCN, ALK, and the ALK ligand ALKAL2.