bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and in Vitro Characterization of Trehalose‐Based Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Trehalose 6‐Phosphate Phosphatases
Authors: Kapil Sunayana , Petit Cecile , Drago Victoria N. , Ronning Donald R. , Sucheck Steven J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstractα,α′‐Trehalose plays roles in the synthesis of several cell wall components involved in pathogenic mycobacteria virulence. Its absence in mammalian biochemistry makes trehalose‐related biochemical processes potential targets for chemotherapy. The trehalose 6‐phosphate synthase (TPS)/trehalose 6‐phosphate phosphatase (TPP) pathway, also known as the OtsA/OtsB2 pathway, is the major pathway involved in the production of trehalose in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In addition, TPP is essential for Mtb survival. We describe the synthesis of α,α′‐trehalose derivatives in the forms of the 6‐phosphonic acid 4 (TMP), the 6‐methylenephosphonic acid 5 (TEP), and the 6‐N‐phosphonamide 6 (TNP). These non‐hydrolyzable substrate analogues of TPP were examined as inhibitors of Mtb, Mycobacterium lentiflavum (Mlt), and Mycobacterium triplex (Mtx) TPP. In all cases the compounds were most effective in inhibiting Mtx TPP, with TMP [IC50=(288±32) μm] acting most strongly, followed by TNP [IC50=(421±24) μm] and TEP [IC50=(1959±261) μm]. The results also indicate significant differences in the analogue binding profile when comparing Mtb TPP, Mlt TPP, and Mtx TPP homologues.
Serving a community sentence with a mental health treatment requirement: Offenders' perspectives
Authors: Manjunath Abigail , Gillham Rebecca , Samele Chiara , Taylor Pamela J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSafe alternatives to custody for offenders with mental disorder are vital, not least as self‐harm, and violence rates are rising among them in prisons. In England and Wales, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 allows a mental health treatment requirement (MHTR) to supplement a community or suspended prison sentence, but this combination is poorly understood and rarely sought.AimTo explore offenders' perspectives on the MHTR.MethodsWe interviewed all 25 consenting offenders under an MHTR in two probation areas. Verbatim transcripts of their audio‐taped narratives were analysed using grounded theory methods.ResultsTheir core concern was “instability,” characterised by many health and social difficulties and resolved by achieving stability, which included not reoffending as well as becoming healthy, substance free, and “having a life.” Most considered that the MHTR helped their motivation and service provision, but some cited poor supervisor accessibility, supervisor role confusion, and sense of stigma under the order as stressful and threatening good outcomes.ConclusionsThis first account of offenders' perspectives on the MHTR suggests a model in which, under it, offenders see themselves making progress as courts require. They understand the risk of return to court and imprisonment if in breach. This model of understanding how MHTRs work could provide for professional guidance and evaluation of their effectiveness.
Micronization of Gefitinib Using Solution‐Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical CO2
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Qiming , Zhu Zhonglin , Qian Hongliang , Jiang Feng , Wang Zhixiang , Liu Wei , Huang Dechun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe antineoplastic gefitinib has a low aqueous solubility, leading to poor absorption rates. To overcome this problem, microparticles (MP) were prepared using solution‐enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) with supercritical CO2 and the cosolvents dichloromethane and ethanol. The results showed that the use of SEDS resulted in the formation of smaller particles and rendered the usually heterogeneous crystals of the crude drug pure and uniform. Furthermore, the reduction in the MP size increased the dissolution rate of gefitinib, and in vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated that the MP inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells to a larger extent than did the crude drug. Given the beneficial properties of the MP, SEDS could potentially be used to micronize drugs for therapeutic applications.
Electrolytes based on N‐Butyl‐N‐Methyl‐Pyrrolidinium 4,5‐Dicyano‐2‐(Trifluoromethyl) Imidazole for High Voltage Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors
Authors: Scalia Alberto , Varzi Alberto , Moretti Arianna , Ruschhaupt Peter , Lamberti Andrea , Tresso Elena , Passerini Stefano 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOwing to their exceptional electrochemical stability, ionic liquids (ILs) are highly promising electrolytes for high voltage electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). However, these molten salts often suffer from high viscosity and low conductivity, strongly affecting their application at room temperature. In this work the potential role of N‐butyl‐N‐methyl‐pyrrolidinium 4,5‐dicyano‐2‐(trifluoromethyl) imidazole (Pyr14TDI) as electrolyte component is evaluated for the first time. Although it is classified as an IL, its melting point at 48 °C hinders the use of the pure IL as solvent‐free electrolyte at medium‐to‐low temperatures. For this reason, mixtures with propylene carbonate (PC) are investigated to widen its temperature operation range (−30 to 60 °C). Different Pyr14TDI:PC ratios are investigated, from diluted solution (1 : 3 w/w) to solvent‐in‐salt (3 : 1 w/w). The properties of such electrolytes are determined in terms of viscosity, density, flash point, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical performance in EDLC. By proper electrode balancing, a maximum cell voltage of 3.3 V is achieved in case of PC:Pyr14TDI (1 : 3). However, despite the voltage limitation to 3 V, the highest specific energy and power values are obtained with the most diluted solution (3 : 1).
Optimized Porous Si/SiC Composite Spheres as High‐Performance Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Tang Jingjing , Zhou Xiangyang , Jia Ming , Ren Yongpeng , Jiang Min , Hu Tingjie , Yang Juan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFabricating porous Si via magnesiothermic reduction is an effective way to tackle the volume expansion of Si anodes. However, the agglomeration of Si due to the local heat accumulation during the thermal reduction process severely limits its lithium storage capacity. Here, we propose a simple approach to synthesize optimized porous Si/SiC composite (pSi/SiC) spheres via modifying the precursor SiO2 of magnesiothermic reduction. After heat treatment process, in‐situ generated SiC uniformly dispersed among silicon nanoparticles, playing a crucial role in decreasing local heat accumulation, sequentially maintaining the stability of the porous spherical structure. This method not only optimized pore distribution of porous Si, but also enhanced the buffer effect of SiC. Finally, the as‐prepared pSi/SiC exhibits superior lithium storage performance (1653.4 mAh g−1 and 1446.7 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 1 A g−1 after 100 cycles, 1022 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 400 cycles, and 420 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 even after 2000 cycles). This work can provide an inspirational idea to prepare other optimized porous Si‐based anode materials through introducing various buffer materials.
Impact of responsive and proactive market orientation on SME performance: The moderating role of economic crisis perception
Authors: Petzold Stéphanie , Barbat Valérie , Pons Frank , Zins Michel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between market orientation (MO) and the performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) within the context of economic crisis. It distinguishes between two levels of MO: responsive market orientation (RMO) and proactive market orientation (PMO). Data were collected on a sample of 300 SME. Findings indicate that SMEs, confronted with an economic downturn, use a MO approach that is both proactive and responsive, and reveal the moderator effect of the SME manager's perception of an economic crisis on PMO/RMO–performance. Research and practical implications are discussed. © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallelizing uncertain skyline computation against n‐of‐N data streaming model
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Xiaoyong , Ren Kaijun , Song Junqiang 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe skyline query over uncertain data streams, as an important aspect of big data analysis, plays a significant role in domains such as environment monitoring, decision‐making, and data mining. The skyline query over uncertain data streams with sliding window model always focuses on the most recent N streaming items, which cannot meet the query requirements of different window scales at the same time. To improve the query flexibility and efficiency, we propose an efficient parallel method for processing uncertain n‐of‐N skyline queries; that is, computing the skyline for the most recent n (∀n ≤ N) items in parallel. Specifically, we first propose a framework for parallelizing the query computation for uncertain n‐of‐N skylines. Furthermore, we put forward a sliding window partitioning strategy as well as a streaming items mapping strategy to realize the load balance for each node. In addition, we define a spatial index structure RST based on R‐tree to organize the elements within each individual sliding window and candidate set in each which can significantly improve the dominance tests. Most importantly, we provide an encoding interval scheme to transform the n‐of‐N query into stabbing query in each compute node, which can greatly minimize the query scope and improve the query efficiency. In addition, we use a red‐black tree named RBI to store all stabbing intervals. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposals are efficient and can greatly meet the query requirement of users in real applications.
Topic extraction using local graph centrality and semantic similarity
Authors: Rajangam Engels , Annamalai Chitra 
Published: November 2018

SummaryTopic extraction is a challenging task under Natural Language Processing and Text Mining. Topic extraction is useful in natural language processing tasks such as automated summarization, question answering, and personalized search. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised topic extraction method using semantic similarity, keyword significance, and graph centrality. First, we select semantically similar words from text documents. Next, we perform disambiguation to find the correct senses of selected words. Then, we build a weighted graph using semantic relationships and significance of words in the text. Finally, we identify topic keywords using a novel concurrent local weighted centrality (LWWC) from words represented as nodes in a graph. Using standard annotated CiteULike and standard Brown datasets, we evaluated the results with precision, recall, and F‐measure. We show that the proposed method yields results comparable with the state of the art LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and S‐LDA (Sparse‐LDA) topic extraction techniques. We also show that the proposed concurrent LWWC algorithm is more effective than the existing generic centrality measures in networks of words. We verified the statistical significance of improved effectiveness of our approach, using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey‐Honest Significant Difference (Tukey‐HSD) post‐hoc methods.
M281, an Anti‐FcRn Antibody: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Across the Full Range of IgG Reduction in a First‐in‐Human Study
Authors: Ling Leona E. , Hillson Jan L. , Tiessen Renger G. , Bosje Tjerk , van Iersel Mattheus Paulus , Nix Darrell J. , Markowitz Lynn , Cilfone Nicholas A. , Duffner Jay , Streisand James B. , Manning Anthony M. , Arroyo Santiago 
Published: November 2018

M281 is a fully human, anti‐neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antibody that inhibits FcRn‐mediated immunoglobulin G (IgG) recycling to decrease pathogenic IgG while preserving IgG production. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, first‐in‐human study with 50 normal healthy volunteers was designed to probe safety and the physiological maximum for reduction of IgG. Intravenous infusion of single ascending doses up to 60 mg/kg induced dose‐dependent serum IgG reductions, which were similar across all IgG subclasses. Multiple weekly doses of 15 or 30 mg/kg achieved mean IgG reductions of ≈85% from baseline and maintained IgG reductions ≥75% from baseline for up to 24 days. M281 was well tolerated, with no serious or severe adverse events (AEs), few moderate AEs, and a low incidence of infection‐related AEs similar to placebo treatment. The tolerability and consistency of M281 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics support further evaluation of M281 in diseases mediated by pathogenic IgG.
Alcohol Amination Catalyzed by Copper Powder as a Self‐Supported Catalyst
Authors: Wu Yajuan , Huang Yongji , Dai Xingchao , Shi Feng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCatalytic alcohol amination is a sustainable reaction for N‐alkyl amine synthesis. Homogeneous and supported copper catalysts have long been studied for this reaction and have given some impressive results. In this study, copper powder is found to behave as an active catalyst for alcohol amination, giving better catalytic performance than metal‐oxide‐supported nanocopper catalysts. Catalyst characterization suggests that the copper powder can be considered as a self‐supported nanocopper catalyst (i.e., nanocopper supported on copper particles). These results might promote the study of unsupported transition metal powders in sustainable catalytic reactions.
Seascapes as drivers of herbivore assemblages in coral reef ecosystems
Authors: Roff George , Bejarano Sonia , Priest Mark , Marshell Alyssa , Chollett Iliana , Steneck Robert S. , Doropoulos Christopher , Golbuu Yimnang , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNotionally herbivorous fishes maintains a critical ecosystem function on coral reefs by grazing algae and maintaining highly productive algal turf assemblages. Current paradigms implicate habitat complexity, predation, and primary productivity as major drivers of the distribution and abundance of herbivorous fish, yet little is known about the relative contribution of these factors. Here, we compare bottom‐up and top‐down drivers of notional herbivore assemblages across an environmental gradient of wave exposure in the Palau archipelago. We surveyed herbivore assemblages at reef slopes (6–9 m) across 18 sites, and quantified proxies of top‐down control (predator biomass, habitat complexity) and bottom‐up drivers (net primary production, nutrients) at each site. Despite substantial variability in herbivore biomass throughout the archipelago (6–65 g/m2), general additive models indicate that neither top‐down nor bottom‐up drivers significantly predicted biomass or density of herbivores among sites. In contrast to expectations, herbivore biomass was highest at sites with high predator biomass, low structural complexity, and low benthic productivity. Rather, the highest biomass of herbivores was associated with shallow, tidally emergent, productive reef flats located adjacent to steep vertical walls (“drop‐offs”). The emergent nature of this neighboring habitat precluded occupation by territorial fishes and multiple species of herbivores were observed to make foraging runs into this habitat once tidally inundated. We hypothesize that this habitat configuration provides an important cross‐habitat resource subsidy. Multivariate ordination and permutation of herbivore communities revealed strong evidence for biogeographic partitioning throughout the archipelago (western, southwestern, inner eastern, and outer eastern clusters), contributing to an emerging picture that the habitat heterogeneity of seascapes can overwhelm the effects of conventional top‐down and bottom‐up structuring of herbivory on coral reefs.
Rational Design of Cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐bridged Hole Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Yan‐Duo , Lee Kun‐Mu , Ke Bo‐Yu , Chen Kai‐Shiang , Cheng Hao‐Chien , Lin Wei‐Juih , Chang Sheng Hsiung , Wu Chun‐Guey , Kuo Ming‐Chung , Chung Hsin‐Cheng , Chou Chien‐Chun , Chen Heng‐Yu , Liau Kang‐Ling , Chow Tahsin J. , Sun Shih‐Sheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of small‐molecule‐based hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) featuring a 4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b : 3,4‐b′]dithiophene as the central core with triphenylamine‐ and carbazole‐based side groups was synthesized and evaluated for perovskite solar cells. The correlations of the chemical structure of the HTMs on the photovoltaic performance were explored through different combinations of the central π‐bridge moieties. The optical and electrochemical properties, energy levels, and hole mobility were systematically investigated, revealing the significant influence of the central core planarity and packing structure on their photovoltaic performance. The optimized device based on CT1 exhibited a PCE (power conversion efficiency) of 17.71 % with a device architecture of FTO/TiO2 compact layer/TiO2 mesoporous/CH3NH3PbI3/HTM/MoO3/Ag, which was found to be on par with that of a cell fabricated based on state‐of‐the‐art spiro‐OMeTAD (16.97 %) as HTM. Moreover, stability assessment showed an improved stability for CPDT‐based HTMs in comparison with spiro‐OMeTAD over 1300 h.
Prominent physical inactivity in acute dementia care: Psychopathology seems to be more important than the dose of sedative medication
Authors: Fleiner Tim , Gersie Marleen , Ghosh Sayantan , Mellone Sabato , Zijlstra Wiebren , Haussermann Peter 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionTo objectively quantify patients' physical activity and analyze the relationships between physical activity levels, psychopathology, and sedative medication in acute hospital dementia care.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we assessed the patients' physical activity based on data collection by hybrid motion sensors attached on their lower back. Daily doses of antipsychotics have been converted to olanzapine‐equivalents and daily benzodiazepine medication is reported as diazepam‐equivalents. We assessed patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory.ResultsWe analyzed motion sensor data from 64 patients (MMSE M = 18.6). On average, patients were lying for 11.5 hours, sitting/standing sedentary for 10.3 hours, sitting/standing active for 1.0 hours, and walking for 1.2 hours per day. The analysis revealed no correlations between patients' physical activity and antipsychotic or benzodiazepine medication. More severe neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with a decrease in the patients' physical activity (r = .32, P = .01). In particular, patients with apathy symptoms were less physically active than patients without apathy symptoms.DiscussionThe results reveal that most of the patients in acute dementia care had very low levels of physical activity. Their physical inactivity may be due to the severity of their neuropsychiatric symptoms, especially apathy. Antipsychotic and benzodiazepine medication appeared to have less impact on patients' physical activity. Dementia care should pay more attention to prevent physical inactivity in patients.
Evaluation of different cerebrospinal fluid and white matter fMRI filtering strategies—Quantifying noise removal and neural signal preservation
Authors: Bartoň Marek , Mareček Radek , Krajčovičová Lenka , Slavíček Tomáš , Kašpárek Tomáš , Zemánková Petra , Říha Pavel , Mikl Michal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study examines the impact of using different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white matter (WM) nuisance signals for data‐driven filtering of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data as a cleanup method before analyzing intrinsic brain fluctuations. The routinely used temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio metric is inappropriate for assessing fMRI filtering suitability, as it evaluates only the reduction of data variability and does not assess the preservation of signals of interest. We defined a new metric that evaluates the preservation of selected neural signal correlates, and we compared its performance with a recently published signal–noise separation metric. These two methods provided converging evidence of the unfavorable impact of commonly used filtering approaches that exploit higher numbers of principal components from CSF and WM compartments (typically 5 + 5 for CSF and WM, respectively). When using only the principal components as nuisance signals, using a lower number of signals results in a better performance (i.e., 1 + 1 performed best). However, there was evidence that this routinely used approach consisting of 1 + 1 principal components may not be optimal for filtering resting‐state (RS) fMRI data, especially when RETROICOR filtering is applied during the data preprocessing. The evaluation of task data indicated the appropriateness of 1 + 1 principal components, but when RETROICOR was applied, there was a change in the optimal filtering strategy. The suggested change for extracting WM (and also CSF in RETROICOR‐corrected RS data) is using local signals instead of extracting signals from a large mask using principal component analysis.
Low prioritization of latent tuberculosis infection—A systemic barrier to tuberculosis control: A qualitative study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Milinkovic Deborah A. , Birch Stephen , Scott Fran , Newbold K. Bruce , Hopkins Jessica , Saffie Muntasir , Essue Beverley M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundEliminating tuberculosis (TB) in low‐incidence countries is an important global health priority, and Canada has committed to achieve this goal. The elimination of TB in low‐incidence countries requires effective management and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study aimed to understand and describe the system‐level barriers to LTBI treatment for immigrant populations in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, Ontario, Canada.MethodsA qualitative study that used purposive sampling to recruit and interview health system advisors and planners (n = 10), providers (n = 13), and clients of LTBI health services (n = 9). Data were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis.ResultsLow prioritization of LTBI was an overarching theme that impacted four dimensions of LTBI care: management, service delivery, health literacy, and health care access. These factors explained, in part, inequities in the system that were linked to variations in health care quality and health care access. While some planners and providers at the local level were attempting to prioritize LTBI care, there was no clear pathway for information sharing.ConclusionsThis multiperspective study identified barriers beyond the typical socioeconomic determinants and highlighted important upstream factors that hinder treatment initiation and adherence. Addressing these factors is critical if Canada is to meet the WHO's global call to eradicate TB in all low incidence settings.
Health and the Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges for four Pacific countries
Authors: Hall Nina L. , Matthews Sophie , Hickson Arabella , Hill Peter S. 
Published: November 2018

SummarySustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) focuses on health and well‐being. To understand the in‐country monitoring challenges for developing countries of reporting against SDG 3, this research sought published data for the four Pacific countries of Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu—within a region with well‐documented and significant health challenges. This research found that there are limited recent, comprehensive, and comparable data with identified sources against the SDG 3 outcome indicators at an in‐country level. Without such data, there is a risk of relying on data that may be inaccurate because of aggregation, estimation, and modelling. The results from these data can influence the funding and other resources that could be made available to the Melanesian countries to address health inequities.