bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐step fractionation of Pinus radiata by autohydrolysis and organosolv delignification for enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Santos Tamara M , Rigual Victoria , Oliet Mercedes , Alonso M Virginia , Domínguez Juan C , Rodriguez Francisco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDLignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable feedstock to obtain fuels and chemicals. However, a suitable pretreatment is required to separate its main components and overcome its structural resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, a sequential pretreatment composed of autohydrolysis (AH) and organosolv delignification (ORG) is used to fractionate Pinus radiata wood and improve the enzymatic hydrolysis.RESULTSThe effect of three different AH pretreatment severities on the delignification degree of organosolv solid fractions was evaluated. In addition, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to determine the efficiency of the combination of pretreatments. The results showed that a pretreated solid with high cellulose content (88%, w/w) and high delignification degree (88%) was achieved under mild conditions of AH (150 °C and 30 min) and acid‐catalyzed ORG (185 °C, 75 min, 50% (w/w) ethanol and 1% (w/w) sulfuric acid), obtaining an enzymatic hydrolysis yield of 63%.CONCLUSIONThis study provides the most favorable conditions to fractionate a softwood, P. radiata, employing a two‐step pretreatment based on AH followed by ORG. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Mental Reinstatement of Context: Do individual differences in mental time travel and eyewitness occupation influence eyewitness performance over different delay intervals?
Authors: Bangs Karen , Smith‐Spark James H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Cognitive Interview is a memory‐enhancing interview protocol designed to optimise the access and retrieval of eyewitness memories. Its Mental Reinstatement of Context (MRC) component requires interviewees to mentally reconstruct the crime event they witnessed. Individual differences in mental time travel (MTT) relate to the extent to which a person mentally re‐experiences personal events from his or her past. Individual differences in MTT have been found to predict correct recall of a simulated crime event under immediate MRC recall conditions. To explore the relationship between MTT and performance under MRC conditions further, the present study presented a simulated crime video to 30 police officers and 26 members of the public. Eyewitness recall was tested under MRC conditions either immediately or 1 week later. Participants' general MTT and also MTT relating specifically to the crime video itself were measured via self‐report. Less correct information and more confabulations were produced after 1 week, but delay had no effect on the amount of incorrect information reported. No difference in recall was found between police officers and members of the public. Better quality MTT relating to the crime video was found to be a positive predictor of the amount of information correctly recalled under immediate conditions but not after 1 week. General MTT scores did not predict correct recall under either delay condition. Interviewers need to be aware that, due to individual differences, some witnesses may perform better under the MRC component than others.
Latent membrane protein 2A inhibits expression level of Smad2 through regulating miR‐155‐5p in EBV‐associated gastric cancer cell lines
Authors: Shi Qianzhu , Zhang Yan , Liu Wen , Xiao Hua , Qi Yifan , Li Jun , Luo Bing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection is one of the causes of gastric cancer (GC). Besides, previous studies have demonstrated that EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) influences the pathogenesis of EBV‐associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) through regulating several key pathways. In this study, the expression level of Smad2 was observed, which was reduced in EBVaGC cell lines, especially in the presence of LMP2A. Meanwhile, we found that LMP2A promoted the expression of miR‐155‐5p by activated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling. After being treated with NF‐κB inhibitor (BAY 11‐7082), miR‐155‐5p sharply decreased. Western blot analysis proved that the overexpression of miR‐155‐5p could inhibit Smad2. Functional studies showed that the role of miR‐155‐5p might lead to good prognosis in EBV‐positive GC through promoting cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as inhibiting tumor proliferation. In addition, p‐Smad2 protein was also reduced or induced by overexpression or knockdown, respectively, of miR‐155‐5p. Immunofluorescence analysis further indicated that LMP2A prevented p‐Smad2 from transferring to the nucleus, which played a crucial role in transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling. In summary, our findings confirmed the relationship between LMP2A and Smad2 and provided a potential regulation of the TGF‐β pathway in EBVaGC.
Shifts of the nirS and nirK denitrifiers in different land use types and seasons in the Sanjiang Plain, China
Authors: Wang Chunyong , Li Juan , Wu Yuntao , Song Yi , Liu Ruyin , Cao Zicheng , Cui Yanshan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDenitrification is a key nitrogen removal process that involves many denitrifying bacteria. In this study, the denitrification performance was estimated for soil samples from different land use types including farmland soil, restored wetland soil, and wetland soil. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the average abundance of nirS and nirK genes was notably affected by seasonal changes, increasing from 2.34 × 10
6 and 2.81 × 10
6 to 1.97 × 10
6 and 4.55 × 10
6 gene copies/g of dry soil, respectively, from autumn to spring. This suggests that the abundance of nirS and nirK denitrifiers in spring is higher than those in autumn. Furthermore, the abundance of nirS and nirK genes was higher in the farmland soil than in restored wetland soil and wetland soil in both seasons. According to the analyses of MiSeq sequencing of nirS and nirK genes, Halobacteriaceae could be used as a special strain to distinguish wetland soil from farmland soil and restored wetland soil. Furthermore, redundancy analysis indicated that the soil environmental variables of total carbon, total nitrogen, moisture content, and organic matter were the main factors affecting the community structures of nirS and nirK denitrifiers existing in wetland soil. These findings could contribute to understanding the differences in nirS and nirK denitrifiers between different land use types during seasonal changes.
The role of elective neck dissection in high‐grade parotid malignancy: A hospital‐based cohort study
Authors: Harbison R. Alex , Gray Alan J. , Westling Ted , Carone Marco , Rodriguez Cristina P. , Futran Neal D. , Cannon Richard B. , Houlton Jeffrey 
Published: August 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe role of elective neck dissection (END) in patients with clinically N0 (cN0), high‐grade parotid carcinoma is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the association between END and survival in patients with cN0, high‐grade parotid carcinoma.Study DesignRetrospective, multicenter cohort study.MethodsA review of hospital‐based cases from the National Cancer Data Base was performed. Participants included patients diagnosed with cN0, high‐grade parotid cancer between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013. The primary exposure was receipt of neck dissection. Secondary exposures included receipt of adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. Unadjusted and adjusted survival estimates were determined.ResultsOverall, 1,547 patients were included, with a median follow‐up time of 48 months. END did not have a statistically significant effect on 3‐year survival (3‐year: 69.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.2 to 72.6). Survival at 3‐years among those not receiving END was 66.1% (95% CI: 62.7 to 69.5). Parotidectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy had the strongest effect on mortality. There was no difference in 3‐year survival among patients who underwent parotidectomy and adjuvant radiation stratified by receipt of END nor did END have a statistically significant effect on survival in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, high‐risk histology, high T stage, or academic center treatment subgroups.ConclusionsEND did not have a statistically significant effect on survival among cN0 patients with high‐grade parotid cancer when taking into account receipt of adjuvant therapy and confounding. The role of END on survival and locoregional control remains to be further elucidated in prospective studies.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1487–1495, 2020
Genetic Risk Scores for Maternal Lipid Levels and Their Association with Preterm Birth
Authors: Smith Caitlin J. , Jasper Elizabeth A. , Baer Rebecca J. , Breheny Patrick J. , Paynter Randi A. , Bao Wei , Robinson Jennifer G. , Dagle John M. , Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura L. , Ryckman Kelli K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaternal lipid profiles are associated with risk for preterm birth (PTB), although the lipid component and effect size are inconsistent between studies. It is also unclear whether these associations are the result of excessive changes in lipid metabolism during pregnancy or genetic variability in genes controlling basal lipid metabolism. This study investigates the association between genetic risk scores (GRS) for four lipid components (high‐density lipoprotein [HDL‐C], low‐density lipoprotein [LDL‐C], triacylglycerols [TAG], and total cholesterol [TC]) with risk for PTB. Subjects included 954 pregnant women from California for whom second trimester serum samples were available, of which 479 gave birth preterm and 475 gave birth at term. We genotyped 96 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, which were selected from genome‐wide association studies of lipid levels in adult populations. Lipid‐specific GRS were constructed for HDL‐C, LDL‐C, TAG, and TC. The associations between GRS and PTB were analyzed using logistic regression. A higher HDL‐C GRS was associated with increased risk for PTB overall and spontaneous PTB. Higher TAG and TC GRS were associated with decreased risk for PTB overall and spontaneous PTB. This study identifies counter‐intuitive associations between lipid GRS and spontaneous PTB. Further replication studies are needed to confirm these findings, but they suggest that our current scientific understanding of the relationship between lipid metabolism, PTB, and genetics is incomplete.
Investigation of the effects of different heat treatment parameters on the corrosion and mechanical properties of the AlSi10Mg alloy produced with direct metal laser sintering
Authors: Özer Gökhan , Tarakçi Gürkan , Yilmaz Mustafa S. , Öter Zafer Ç. , Sürmen Ömer , Akça Yaşar , Coşkun Mert , Koç Ebubekir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, AlSi10Mg samples produced by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) method were applied to heat treatment with different parameters (stress relief and T6). Heat‐treated and as‐built samples were subjected to intergranular corrosion test according to BS EN ISO 11846 standard. Hardness, tensile, electrical conductivity, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and weight loss tests were applied to the samples. The corrosion, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of the DMLS‐AlSi10Mg material were investigated in detail depending on the heat‐treatment parameters.
Protein‐Mimicking Functions of Nano‐Size Monoamido Amino Acids Derived from Polysaccharides of Marine Origin
Authors: Chadar Dattatray A. , Chudasama Nishith A. , Vadodariya Nilesh , Meena Ramavatar , Prasad Kamalesh , Siddhanta Arup K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolysaccharides of marine origin, for example, agarose (Ag) and alginic acid (Alg)‐based new nano‐size monoamido amino acid derivatives are synthesized and their protein‐like characteristics are evaluated. Two new agarose‐based nanosize amino acid derivatives are obtained by partial amidation of agarose succinate half‐ester (Ag‐SA; DS 0.95) employing aliphatic acyclic and cyclic diamines, for example, 1,6‐hexamethylenediamine (HDA) and trans‐1,4‐cyclohexanediamine (CHDA), named Ag‐SA‐hexamethylene‐monoamido (AEAm) and Ag‐SA‐cyclohexanemonoamido (AECAm) amines (DSs 0.47, 0.35), recording isoelectric points (pIs) 7.9 and 6.4, respectively. Alginic acid, extracted from the Indian seaweed species, Sargassum tenerrimum, is functionalized with ethylene diamine (EDA) affording a nanosize alginic‐acid‐based monoamido amino acid (Alg‐EDA; DS 0.47; pI 3.40). All of these three nanosize monoamido amino acids (DLS; (nm) AEAm 0.65, 80.9; AECAm 0.65, 7.54, and 107.4; Alg‐EDA 0.89, 2.0, 50, and 61.0) exhibit protein‐mimicking functions interacting with Salman testes DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA), displaying different complexation and decomplexation profiles in a varying pH regime. These nanobody polysaccharide‐based protein‐like large molecules may be of potential utility in the domains of pH‐responsive drug delivery, separations as well as chiral sensing applications.
Novel Poly(m‐phenyleneisophthalamide) Dielectric Composites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Breakdown Strength Utilizing Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Duan Guangyu , Wang Yan , Yu Junrong , Zhu Jing , Hu Zuming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDielectric polymer‐based composites with high breakdown strengths and thermal conductivities have attracted considerable attention when applied in electronic devices. In this study, a novel poly(m‐phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) dielectric nanocomposite is successfully fabricated by introducing functionalized hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet (fBNNS) fillers. Due to effective functionalization of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs), fBNNSs fillers are homogeneously dispersed in the PMIA matrix. The breakdown strength and thermal conductivity of PMIA/fBNNSs dielectric nanocomposite are investigated. Research results indicate that the breakdown strength of fBNNSs‐12 reaches 105.6 MV m−1, which is 1.34 times that of pure PMIA. Moreover, owing to high thermal conductivity of fBNNSs, the thermal conductivities of fBNNSs‐12 are observably increased to 8.06 W m−1 K of in‐plane direction and 0.84 W m−1 K of through‐plane direction, respectively. Considering these properties, the manufactured PMIA/fBNNSs dielectric nanocomposites show potential applications in field of electronics.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks in Polymer Science: Polymerization Catalysis, Polymerization Environment, and Hybrid Materials
Authors: Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) has had a significant impact on various fields of chemistry and materials science. Naturally, polymer science also exploited this novel type of material for various purposes, which is due to the defined porosity, high surface area, and catalytic activity of MOFs. The present review covers various topics of MOF/polymer research beginning with MOF‐based polymerization catalysis. Furthermore, polymerization inside MOF pores as well as polymerization of MOF ligands is described, which have a significant effect on polymer structures. Finally, MOF/polymer hybrid and composite materials are highlighted, encompassing a range of material classes, like bulk materials, membranes, and dispersed materials. In the course of the review, various applications of MOF/polymer combinations are discussed (e.g., adsorption, gas separation, drug delivery, catalysis, organic electronics, and stimuli‐responsive materials). Finally, past research is concluded and an outlook toward future development is provided.
miR‐210‐3p mediates metabolic adaptation and sustains DNA damage repair of resistant colon cancer cells to treatment with 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Pranzini Erica , Leo Angela , Rapizzi Elena , Ramazzotti Matteo , Magherini Francesca , Giovannelli Lisa , Caselli Anna , Cirri Paolo , Taddei Maria Letizia , Paoli Paolo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChemoresistance is the primary cause of chemotherapy failure. Compelling evidence shows that micro RNAs (miRNAs) contribute to reprogram cancer cells toward a resistant phenotype. We investigate the role of miRNAs in the response to acute treatment with 5‐FU in colon cancer‐resistant cells. We performed a global gene expression profile for the entire miRNA genome and found a change in the expression of four miRNAs following acute treatment with 5‐FU. Among them, we focused on miR‐210‐3p, previously described as a key regulator of DNA damage repair mechanisms and mitochondrial metabolism. We show that miR‐210‐3p downregulation enables resistant cells to counteract the toxic effect of the drug increasing the expression of RAD‐52 protein, responsible for DNA damage repair. Moreover, miR‐210‐3p downregulation enhances oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), increasing the expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase subunits D, decreasing intracellular succinate levels and inhibiting HIF‐1α expression. Altogether, these adaptations lead to increased cells survival following drug exposure. These evidence suggest that miR‐210‐3p downregulation following 5‐FU sustains DNA damage repair and metabolic adaptation to counteract drug treatment.
Use of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A during oocyte in vitro maturation increases IGF‐1 and affects the transcriptional profile of cumulus cells and embryos from Nelore cows
Authors: Giroto Alan B. , Fontes Patrícia K. , Franchi Fernanda F. , dos Santos Priscila H. , Razza Eduardo M. , Nogueira Marcelo F. G. , Maioli Marcos A. , Nogueira Guilherme P. , Nunes Giovana B. , Mingoti Gisele Z. , Mareco Edson A. , Castilho Anthony C. S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) activity is established by the regulation of IGF binding protein activity, which blocks IGF‐1 functions, whereas pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) improves IGF‐1 bioavailability and facilitates binding to IGF receptors. To further extend our understanding of the effect of exogenous PAPP‐A on bovine embryo production, we added this protein during in vitro maturation of cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs); moreover, we assessed its effects on IGF‐1 quantity in the maturation medium, embryonic yield and postwarming survival, blastocyst quality, and transcript abundance. Bovine COCs were matured in a serum‐free medium, either with PAPP‐A supplementation (100 ng/ml) or without (control). The treatment group produced higher IGF‐1 concentrations in the maturation medium; however, showed no difference on cleavage, blastocysts rates, and embryonic survival 3 and 24 hr postcryopreservation. Regarding gene expression, VNN1 was upregulated, whereas AGPAT9, FASN, EGFR, HAS2, and IMPDH1 were downregulated in PAPP‐A treated. PAPP‐A treated, CPT2, DNMT3A, and TFAM were upregulated, whereas ATF4 and IFITM3 were downregulated. We concluded that although the addition of PAPP‐A did not affect embryo yield and blastocyst survival, higher IGF‐1 levels may affect embryo competence through differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, oocyte competence, and mitochondrial function.
Quantitative susceptibility map reconstruction using annihilating filter‐based low‐rank Hankel matrix approach
Authors: Ahn Hyun‐Seo , Park Sung‐Hong , Ye Jong Chul 
Published: August 2019

PurposeQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) inevitably suffers from streaking artifacts caused by zeros on the conical surface of the dipole kernel in k‐space. This work proposes a novel and accurate QSM reconstruction method based on k‐space low‐rank Hankel matrix constraint, avoiding the over‐smoothing problem and streaking artifacts.Theory and MethodsBased on the recent theory of annihilating filter‐based low‐rank Hankel matrix approach (ALOHA), QSM is formulated as deconvolution under low‐rank Hankel matrix constraint in the k‐space. The computational complexity and the high memory burden were reduced by successive reconstruction of 2‐D planes along 3 independent axes of the 3‐D phase image in Fourier domain. Feasibility of the proposed method was tested on a simulated phantom and human data and were compared with existing QSM reconstruction methods.ResultsThe proposed ALOHA‐QSM effectively reduced streaking artifacts and accurately estimated susceptibility values in deep gray matter structures, compared to the existing QSM methods.ConclusionsThe suggested ALOHA‐QSM algorithm successfully solves the 3‐dimensional QSM dipole inversion problem using k‐space low rank property with no anatomical constraint. ALOHA‐QSM can provide detailed brain structures and accurate susceptibility values with no streaking artifacts.
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome in the UK National Health Service: A multicentre service evaluation
Authors: Stephens Gareth , O'Neill Seth , Clifford Chris , Cuff Andrew , Forte Felipe , Hawthorn Catrin , Littlewood Chris 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeGreater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a debilitating condition causing lateral hip pain. A recent randomized controlled trial (LEAP) demonstrated that exercise interventions for GTPS provided superior outcomes, compared with corticosteroid injection and wait‐and‐see approaches. However, participants were not patients seeking care and therefore may not have represented the typical patient seen within the National Health Service (NHS). The present service evaluation aimed to provide data on the characteristics of patients with GTPS presenting to NHS physiotherapy services, to enable consideration of the applicability of the findings of the LEAP trial to patients seeking care within the NHS.MethodsFour NHS sites provided anonymized data on patients presenting to their service with a primary complaint of GTPS.ResultsThe data from 162 patients suggested that the typical patients presenting to the NHS with GTPS are female (73%), overweight (body mass index 28.5) and experiencing a 12‐month or longer history of lateral hip pain (56.8%). Patients reported high levels of pain (visual analogue score 6.5), low health‐related quality of life (EuroQol five‐dimensions – 5‐level score 0.6), coexisting medical conditions (79.0%) and high medication use (82.7%).ConclusionsPatients presenting to the NHS with GTPS appear to have multifactorial issues, with high levels of pain and disability, and are often medicated for multiple coexisting conditions. These characteristics differentiate them from patients recruited to the LEAP trial. Hence, it is unclear whether the findings of the LEAP trial are applicable to patients with GTPS who consult physiotherapy services in the NHS. Further research is warranted to evaluate this.
Nerve size correlates with clinical severity in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 1A
Authors: Zanette Giampietro , Tamburin Stefano , Taioli Federica , Lauriola Matteo Francesco , Badari Andrea , Ferrarini Moreno , Cavallaro Tiziana , Fabrizi Gian Maria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionNerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) is larger than normal in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A), although to a variable extent. We explored whether CSA is correlated with CMT clinical severity measured with neuropathy score version 2 (CMTNS2) and its examination subscore (CMTES2) in CMT1A.MethodsWe assessed 56 patients with CMT1A (42 families). They underwent nerve conduction study (NCS) and nerve high‐resolution ultrasound (HRUS) of the left median, ulnar, and fibular nerves.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed NCS and HRUS variables to be significantly correlated with CMTNS2 and CMTES2 and with each other. Multivariate analysis showed that ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity (β: −0.19) and fibular compound muscle action potential amplitude (−1.50) significantly influenced CMTNS2 and that median forearm CSA significantly influenced CMTNS2 (β: 5.29) and CMTES2 (4.28).DiscussionNerve size is significantly associated with clinical scores in CMT1A, which suggests that it might represent a potential biomarker of CMT damage and progression.