bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central body fatness is a stronger predictor of cancer risk than overall body size
Authors: Barberio Amanda M. , Alareeki Asalah , Viner Benjamin , Pader Joy , Vena Jennifer E. , Arora Paul , Friedenreich Christine M. , Brenner Darren R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe importance of body size versus weight distribution for cancer risk is unclear. We investigated associations between measures of body size and shape and the risk of developing cancer. The study population consisted of 26,607 participants from the Alberta’s Tomorrow Project cohort. Two main measures of body shape and size were examined: i) body mass index (BMI) and ii) waist circumference (WC). Incident cancers were identified via linkage to the Alberta Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used. Males and females classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg /m−2) have a 33% and 22% increased risk of all-cancer, respectively, than their normal weight counterparts. Similar all-cancer risk increases are observed for those above sex-specific WC guidelines. Mutual adjustment for WC attenuates the association between BMI and all-cancer risk, especially among females. Central adiposity appears to be a stronger predictor of all-cancer risk than body size.
Machine learning coarse grained models for water
Authors: Chan Henry , Cherukara Mathew J. , Narayanan Badri , Loeffler Troy D. , Benmore Chris , Gray Stephen K. , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn accurate and computationally efficient molecular level description of mesoscopic behavior of ice-water systems remains a major challenge. Here, we introduce a set of machine-learned coarse-grained (CG) models (ML-BOP, ML-BOPdih, and ML-mW) that accurately describe the structure and thermodynamic anomalies of both water and ice at mesoscopic scales, all at two orders of magnitude cheaper computational cost than existing atomistic models. In a significant departure from conventional force-field fitting, we use a multilevel evolutionary strategy that trains CG models against not just energetics from first-principles and experiments but also temperature-dependent properties inferred from on-the-fly molecular dynamics (~ 10’s of milliseconds of overall trajectories). Our ML BOP models predict both the correct experimental melting point of ice and the temperature of maximum density of liquid water that remained elusive to-date. Our ML workflow navigates efficiently through the high-dimensional parameter space to even improve upon existing high-quality CG models (e.g. mW model).
Occupational-like organophosphate exposure disrupts microglia and accelerates deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Voorhees Jaymie R. , Remy Matthew T. , Erickson Claire M. , Dutca Laura M. , Brat Daniel J. , Pieper Andrew A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOccupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos (CPF), increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), though the mechanism is unclear. To investigate this, we subjected 4-month-old male and female wild-type (WT) and TgF344-AD rats, a transgenic AD model, to an occupational CPF exposure paradigm that recapitulates biomarkers and behavioral impairments experienced by agricultural workers. Subsequent cognition and neuropathology were analyzed over the next 20 months. CPF exposure caused chronic microglial dysregulation and accelerated neurodegeneration in both males and females. The effect on neurodegeneration was more severe in males, and was also associated with accelerated cognitive impairment. Females did not exhibit accelerated cognitive impairment after CPF exposure, and amyloid deposition and tauopathy were unchanged in both males and females. Microglial dysregulation may mediate the increased risk of AD associated with occupational organophosphate exposure, and future therapies to preserve or restore normal microglia might help prevent AD in genetically vulnerable individuals exposed to CPF or other disease-accelerating environmental agents.
A study on mechanism of resistance distribution characteristics of oxide-based resistive memory
Authors: Hur Ji-Hyun , Kim Deok-kee 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough oxide-based resistive switching memory (OxRAM) is one of the strong next-generation high capacity memory candidates, it has the critical disadvantage that deviations of resistance levels is too severe to be adopted as a high capacity memory device. More specifically, it is known that the larger on/off current ratios in multi-level operated OxRAMs, the greater deviation of resistance levels from the targeted values. However, despite the seriousness of the problem there has been no concrete theoretical study on the underlying mechanisms of the phenomenon. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical model that clearly explain the underlying mechanism of making such characteristics of programmed resistance levels in multi-level OxRAMs. From this model, we can understand why there is a proportional relationship between resistance level and its deviation, and why it has such a specific range of proportionality constant measured experimentally. And this understanding can certainly reveal the true limitations of OxRAMs’s performance.
Mendelian randomization provides support for obesity as a risk factor for meningioma
Authors: Takahashi Hannah , Cornish Alex J. , Sud Amit , Law Philip J. , Disney-Hogg Linden , Calvocoressi Lisa , Lu Lingeng , Hansen Helen M. , Smirnov Ivan , Walsh Kyle M. , Schramm Johannes , Hoffmann Per , Nöthen Markus M. , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Simon Matthias , Bondy Melissa , Wrensch Margaret , Wiemels Joseph L. , Claus Elizabeth B. , Turnbull Clare , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the causes of meningioma. Obesity and obesity-related traits have been reported in several epidemiological observational studies to be risk factors for meningioma. We performed an analysis of genetic variants associated with obesity-related traits to assess the relationship with meningioma risk using Mendelian randomization (MR), an approach unaffected by biases from temporal variability and reverse causation that might have affected earlier investigations. We considered 11 obesity-related traits, identified genetic instruments for these factors, and assessed their association with meningioma risk using data from a genome-wide association study comprising 1,606 meningioma patients and 9,823 controls. To evaluate the causal relationship between the obesity-related traits and meningioma risk, we consider the estimated odds ratio (OR) of meningioma for each genetic instrument. We identified positive associations between body mass index (odds ratio [ORSD] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.56, P = 0.028) and body fat percentage (ORSD = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.01–1.63, P = 0.042) with meningioma risk, albeit non-significant after correction for multiple testing. Associations for basal metabolic rate, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides and waist circumference with risk of meningioma were non-significant. Our analysis provides additional support for obesity being associated with an increased risk of meningioma.
A cross-sectional study on the age-related cortical and trabecular bone changes at the femoral head in elderly female hip fracture patients
Authors: Whitmarsh Tristan , Otake Yoshito , Uemura Keisuke , Takao Masaki , Sugano Nobuhiko , Sato Yoshinobu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBone is in a continuous state of remodeling whereby old bone is absorbed and new bone is formed in its place. During this process, new formations reinforce the bone in the direction of the dominant stress trajectories through a functional adaptation. In normal aging, the balance between bone resorption and formation can be shifted. How this affects the functional adaptation remains to be investigated. Furthermore, how or whether the bone continues to change beyond the age of 85 is not yet studied in detail. In this study we examined the age-related changes in the cortical and trabecular bone in old age, and assessed whether we can find evidence of the presence of functional adaptation. We measured cortical and trabecular parameters from micro-computed tomography scans of the femoral head extracted from hip fracture patients between the age of 70 and 93 years. A significant decrease in global trabecular bone mineral density (38.1%) and cortical thickness (13.0%) was seen from the 9th to the 10th decade of life. The degree of anisotropy was maintained globally as well as locally in both high and low stress regions. The local trabecular bone mineral density decreased in both high stress and low stress regions between the 9th and 10th decade of life with similar trends. This suggests that the role of functional adaptation in maintaining the bone structural integrity in old age may be limited. This study highlights the need for a controlled clinical trial examining the cause of the continued bone degradation throughout old age.
Solute trapping in Al-Cu alloys caused by a 29 Tesla super high static magnetic field
Authors: Zheng Tianxiang , Zhou Bangfei , Zhong Yunbo , Wang Jiang , Shuai Sansan , Ren Zhongming , Debray Francois , Beaugnon Eric 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSolidification of Al-Cu alloys has been investigated using a 29 Tesla super high static magnetic field (SHSMF). The results show that, by imposing a 29 Tesla SHSMF, the size of primary phases and spacing of eutectic structure have been refined through the increase of undercooling which results from the suppression of diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient of atoms in the liquid matrix decreases to be about 1.2 × 10−12 m2/s. The lattice constants are reduced and high dislocation density forms in the primary phase, which induces a solute trapping effects. The spacing of (110) plane in Al2Cu is corrected to be 4.3123 Å and 4.2628 Å for Al-40 wt.%Cu alloys treated without and with a SHSMF. The spacing of (111) plane in Al is corrected to be 2.3351 Å and 2.3258 Å for Al-26 wt.%Cu alloys treated without and with a SHSMF. The compression yield strength has been improved by about 42% from 268 MPa to 462 MPa for Al-26 wt.%Cu and 42.5% from 248 MPa to 431 MPa for Al-40 wt.%Cu. The maximum elastic strain increases from about 2% to 4.3% for Al-26 wt.%Cu and from 2% to 4% for Al-40 wt.%Cu. It is expected that SHSMF is beneficial to process materials with high mechanical properties.
Volume entropy for modeling information flow in a brain graph
Authors: Lee Hyekyoung , Kim Eunkyung , Ha Seunggyun , Kang Hyejin , Huh Youngmin , Lee Youngjo , Lim Seonhee , Lee Dong Soo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBrain regions send and receive information through neuronal connections in an efficient way. In this paper, we modelled the information propagation in brain networks by a generalized Markov system associated with a new edge-transition matrix, based on the assumption that information flows through brain networks forever. From this model, we derived new global and local network measures, called a volume entropy and the capacity of nodes and edges on FDG PET and resting-state functional MRI. Volume entropy of a metric graph, a global measure of information, measures the exponential growth rate of the number of network paths. Capacity of nodes and edges, a local measure of information, represents the stationary distribution of information propagation in brain networks. On the resting-state functional MRI of healthy normal subjects, these measures revealed that volume entropy was significantly negatively correlated to the aging and capacities of specific brain nodes and edges underpinned which brain nodes or edges contributed these aging-related changes.
Solid-diffusion-facilitated cleaning of copper foil improves the quality of CVD graphene
Authors: Nguyen Dinh-Tuan , Chiang Wan-Yu , Su Yen-Hsun , Hofmann Mario , Hsieh Ya-Ping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe quality of CVD-grown graphene is limited by the parallel nucleation of grains from surface impurities which leads to increased grain boundary densities. Currently employed cleaning methods cannot completely remove surface impurities since impurity diffusion from the bulk to the surface occurs during growth. We here introduce a new method to remove impurities not only on the surface but also from the bulk. By employing a solid cap during annealing that acts as a sink for impurities and leads to an enhancement of copper purity throughout the catalyst thickness. The high efficiency of the solid-diffusion-based transport pathway results in a drastic decrease in the surface particle concentration in a relatively short time, as evident in AFM and SIMS characterization of copper foils. Graphene grown on those substrates displays enhanced grain sizes and room-temperature, large-area carrier mobilities in excess of 5000 cm2/Vs which emphasizes the suitability of our approach for future graphene applications.
Effects of point mutations in the binding pocket of the mouse major urinary protein MUP20 on ligand affinity and specificity
Authors: Ricatti Jimena , Acquasaliente Laura , Ribaudo Giovanni , De Filippis Vincenzo , Bellini Marino , Llovera Ramiro Esteban , Barollo Susi , Pezzani Raffaele , Zagotto Giuseppe , Persaud Krishna C. , Mucignat-Caretta Carla 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe mouse Major Urinary Proteins (MUPs) contain a conserved β-barrel structure with a characteristic central hydrophobic pocket that binds a variety of volatile compounds. After release of urine, these molecules are slowly emitted in the environment where they play an important role in chemical communication. MUPs are highly polymorphic and conformationally stable. They may be of interest in the construction of biosensor arrays capable of detection of a broad range of analytes. In this work, 14 critical amino acids in the binding pocket involved in ligand interactions were identified in MUP20 usingin silicotechniques and 7 MUP20 mutants were synthesised and characterised to produce a set of proteins with diverse ligand binding profiles to structurally different ligands. A single amino acid substitution in the binding pocket can dramatically change the MUPs binding affinity and ligand specificity. These results have great potential for the design of new biosensor and gas-sensor recognition elements.
Numerical Issues for Solving Eu-type Generalized Hydrodynamic Equations to Investigate Continuum-rarefied Gas Flows
Authors: Xiao Hong , He Qijiao , Wu Di 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEu-type generalized hydrodynamic equations have been derived from the Boltzmann kinetic theory and applied to investigate continuum and/or rarefied gas flows. This short communication first reports detailed and important issues in the use of the mixed discontinuous Galerkin method to solve Eu-type generalized hydrodynamic equations in multidimensions. Three major issues are reported. These include the treatment of solid boundary conditions for the nonlinear constitutive equations, a slope limiter to maintain high accuracy and avoid unphysical oscillations, and the computational efficiency compared with that of the particle method. In addition, we implement the present model to a rigid problem, which includes gas flows around the NACA0018 airfoil, a sharp wedge, a sphere and a three-dimensional Apollo configuration.
The neurotoxic secreted phospholipase A2 from the Vipera a. ammodytes venom targets cytochrome c oxidase in neuronal mitochondria
Authors: Šribar Jernej , Kovačič Lidija , Oberčkal Jernej , Ivanušec Adrijan , Petan Toni , Fox Jay W. , Križaj Igor 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe β-neurotoxic secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) block neuro-muscular transmission by poisoning nerve terminals. Damage inflicted by such sPLA2s (β-ntx) on neuronal mitochondria is characteristic, very similar to that induced by structurally homologous endogenous group IIA sPLA2 when its activity is elevated, as, for example, in the early phase of Alzheimer’s disease. Using ammodytoxin (Atx), the β-ntx from the venom of the nose-horned viper (Vipera a. ammodytes), the sPLA2 receptor R25 has been detected in neuronal mitochondria. This receptor has been purified from porcine cerebral cortex mitochondria by a new Atx-affinity-based chromatographic procedure. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed R25 to be the subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase (CCOX), an essential constituent of the respiratory chain complex. CCOX was confirmed as being the first intracellular membrane receptor for sPLA2 by alternative Atx-affinity-labellings of purified CCOX, supported also by the encounter of Atx and CCOX in PC12 cells. This discovery suggests the explanation of the mechanism by which β-ntx hinders production of ATP in poisoned nerve endings. It also provides a new insight into the potential function and dysfunction of endogenous GIIA sPLA2 in mitochondria.
Efficient Excitation of Micro/Nano Resonators and Their Higher Order Modes
Authors: Jaber N. , Hafiz M. A. A. , Kazmi S. N. R. , Hasan M. H. , Alsaleem F. , Ilyas S. , Younis M. I. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate a simple and flexible technique to efficiently activate micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) resonators at their fundamental and higher order vibration modes. The method is based on the utilization of the amplified voltage across an inductor, L, of an LC tank resonant circuit to actuate the MEMS/NEMS resonator. By matching the electrical and mechanical resonances, significant amplitude amplification is reported across the resonators terminals. We show experimentally amplitude amplification up to twelve times, which is demonstrated to efficiently excite several vibration modes of a microplate MEMS resonator and the fundamental mode of a NEMS resonator.
Knowing the past improves cooperation in the future
Authors: Danku Zsuzsa , Perc Matjaž , Szolnoki Attila 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCooperation is the cornerstone of human evolutionary success. Like no other species, we champion the sacrifice of personal benefits for the common good, and we work together to achieve what we are unable to achieve alone. Knowledge and information from past generations is thereby often instrumental in ensuring we keep cooperating rather than deteriorating to less productive ways of coexistence. Here we present a mathematical model based on evolutionary game theory that shows how using the past as the benchmark for evolutionary success, rather than just current performance, significantly improves cooperation in the future. Interestingly, the details of just how the past is taken into account play only second-order importance, whether it be a weighted average of past payoffs or just a single payoff value from the past. Cooperation is promoted because information from the past disables fast invasions of defectors, thus enhancing the long-term benefits of cooperative behavior.
The antidepressant impact of minocycline in rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Reis Daniel J. , Casteen Emily J. , Ilardi Stephen S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEvidence from recent animal studies suggest that minocycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic capable of regulating immune processes, may possess antidepressant properties. These studies, however, have yet to be comprehensively reviewed. Accordingly, this systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the extant literature examining the effect of minocycline on depressive-like behavior in rodent models. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for articles that met prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for each continuous measure of depressive-like behavior. The overall effect of minocycline on depressive-like behavior was estimated using robust variance estimation meta-analysis. Separate subgroup analyses were conducted on diseased vs healthy animal models, different rodent species, and immobility-based vs anhedonia-based measures of depressive-like behavior. A total of 22 preclinical studies (816 animals) were included. Overall, minocycline reduced depressive-like behavior in rodents (SMD = −1.07, 95% CI −1.41–−0.74, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that minocycline reduced depressive-like behavior in diseased, but not healthy, animal models. Finally, minocycline was found to reduce both immobility-based and anhedonia-based outcomes. These findings suggest that minocycline may be an effective treatment of core depressive symptoms, and that further investigation of minocycline treatment for clinically relevant depression in humans is warranted.
Global regulation of methane emission from natural lakes
Authors: Sanches Lúcia Fernandes , Guenet Bertrand , Marinho Claudio Cardoso , Barros Nathan , de Assis Esteves Francisco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMethane (CH4) emissions from lakes are the largest of the emissions from freshwater ecosystems. We compile open water CH4 emission estimates from individual lakes from all over the world and consider the three main emission pathways: diffusive; ebullitive; and storage. The relationships between emissions, environmental variables, lake characteristics and methodological approaches are investigated for the measurements from 297 lakes. We show that environmental factors, such as temperature and precipitation, act as important driving factors for CH4 emissions, with higher emissions occurring where air temperature and precipitation are high. The diffusive flux of CH4 was found to be positively related to dissolved organic carbon concentration. Diffusive flux is the most frequently estimated component of the total flux, while the other emission pathways are often neglected. Based on the cases where all three components of the total flux were measured (30 lakes), we estimate that measuring the diffusive emission only, and then assuming that the value obtained is a good surrogate for the total emission, would have led to a 277% underestimation of the real total flux. In addition we show that the estimation of fluxes is method-dependent with substantial differences revealed between the flux estimates obtained from different measurement techniques. Some of this uncertainty is due to technical constraints which should not be neglected, and lake CH4 flux measurement techniques require thorough re-evaluation.