bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cable Energy Function of Cortical Axons: Equivalent Formulas
Authors: Jiao Zhe , Yu Yuguo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCortical neurons generally have rich morphologies in dendrite arbor and axonal branches, which make it difficulty in estimate energy consumption during action potential (AP) propagation in neuronal communication. It is an unsolved issue in driving general analytical equations to estimate energy cost for those axons and dendrites with different terminations. Most previous energy calculations of AP-related metabolic cost are still based on the Na + -counting method. Here, we apply principles of physics and mathematical analysis to construct several forms of cable energy function of AP conduction along axons with different boundary conditions. These derived energy equations extend Hodgkin-Huxley theory and prove to be highly more accurate in estimation the energy consumption during AP propagation along cortical axons and dendrites with any kind of ion channels than that using the Na + -counting method.SummaryAccurate energy estimation of action potential conduction along axons with different complex terminal conditions is an unsolved issue. We have applied principles of physics and mathematical analysis to derive several forms of cable energy function of action potential conduction along cortical axons with different boundary conditions, and we have proved that these functions are equivalent. The energy calculations of action potential metabolic cost by using our cable energy function is proved to be highly accurate than that based on the Na + -counting method. This mathematical framework allows us to estimate the energy used by AP propagation along cortical axons and dendrites with any kind of ion channels more accurately than that using the Na + -counting method. Accurate calculation of energy consumption of AP conduction may be crucial in the estimation of energy expenditure, from subcellular to whole-brain level. In addition, the analytical formula of energy calculation is valuable in investigating the key factors that influence energy consumption and reveal trade-offs between energetic constraints and neural coding efficiency for individual neurons with rich morphology structures.
A clustered-based segmentation of beer consumers: from “beer lovers” to “beer to fuddle”
Authors: Calvo-Porral Cristina , Orosa-González Javier , Blazquez-Lozano Felix 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
New trends are emerging in the brewery sector; but to date beer consumer segmentations are scarce. In this context, the present study addresses the following questions: “Are beer consumers monolithic or are there different segments in the beer market?; and “What are the main characteristics of the beer consumer segments?”. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential beer consumer segments and to profile them regarding their consumption behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
Data from a sample of 592 consumers were analysed through hierarchical cluster analysis; and the validity of the cluster solutions was then examined through a MANOVA analysis.

Findings
A five-cluster solution emerged, revealing different beer consumption patterns and preferences. These segments are identified as “beer lovers”, “circumspect seniors”, “social drinkers”, “homelike women” and “beer to fuddle consumers”.

Originality/value
The findings suggest that beer consumers cannot be seen as a homogenous consumer group; and managers and brewers could manage beer as five different products, instead of considering beer as a single item.
Predictors of mental health among Angolan migrants living in Portugal
Authors: Neto Félix , Guse Tharina 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of mental health among Angolan migrants living in Portugal. Three research questions guided this work: What is the influence of demographic factors on the mental health of Angolan migrants? What is the influence of acculturation factors on their mental health? What is the influence of adaptation factors on their mental health?

Design/methodology/approach
The sample consisted of 252 Angolan migrants living in Portugal (50.8 percent females) with a mean age of 36 years. The mean duration of stay in Portugal was 21 years.

Findings
The predictive factors – demographic, acculturation and adaptation factors – were significantly associated with Angolan migrants’ mental health. However, acculturation and adaptation factors accounted for a larger proportion of the explained variance in mental health problems than demographic factors. The major predictors of mental health problems were sociocultural adaptation, perceived discrimination and loneliness. Implications of the findings for future research and psychosocial interventions are discussed.

Originality/value
This study shed some light on the predictive factors of mental health problems among adult Angolan immigrants in Portugal, a previously neglected group of migrants in the research literature. Adding to existing knowledge on the mental health outcomes of migration, the findings suggest that, for this group, sociocultural adaptation, perceived discrimination and loneliness were the main predictors of psychological problems, rather than demographic factors. This evidence may be useful in the development of psychosocial interventions and policy to support Angolan migrants in their adaptation to Portuguese culture.
Developing value added service of cold chain logistics between China and Korea
Authors: Wang Shuyun 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to elaborate value-added service of cold chain logistics between China and Korea. The covering strategy for developing the cold chain value-added service between the two countries is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach
The author expounds the driving power for developing cold chain logistics between the two countries basing on the trade data of agricultural exports and imports, the tariff liberalization agreement of China–Korea FTA and the short distance between the two countries. It analyzes the value-added service of cold chain logistics with exemplary cases from four aspects (customized service, integrated service, consultation/solution and strategic alliance service), and its value-added mechanism for the enhancement of core competences of the entire cold chain. Then, by considering the drawbacks of the current cold chain logistics practices, between the two countries, the author proposes certain measures for fostering the cold chain value-added services between them.

Findings
There are apparent mutual benefits in developing cold chain value-added service between the two countries, but there exists some shortcomings which impede the sound development of the cold chain logistics, such as low circulation rate and insufficient cold chain facility in China, shortage of integrated and compatible information platform between the two countries, few integrated cold chain service and strategic alliance service and occurrence of some trade frictions.

Originality/value
The enforcement of China–Korea FTA will greatly reduce the tariff and increase the import and export volumes between the two countries; with the proximity between them, development of cold chain logistics between the two countries holds tremendous potential. This paper thoroughly discusses the mechanism of the value-added service of the cold chain logistics, and brings into focus the development of the value-added service in the two countries.
Team justice and thriving: a dynamic approach
Authors: Bensemmane Sonia , Ohana Marc , Stinglhamber Florence 
Published: June 2018

PurposePrior research has conceptualized workplace justice as a stable variable over time changing from one individual to another. However, it can be assumed that perceptions of organizational justice fluctuate within the same person over the course of a few weeks or months due to different events at work. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to suggest that transient overall team justice is predictive of employee’s transient thriving at work (i.e. the experience of vitality and learning at work). In addition, the authors examined transient self-efficacy as an underlying mechanism of this relationship.Design/methodology/approachA total of 395 individuals completed a first general questionnaire and then completed an online questionnaire over four waves of survey.FindingsResults of hierarchical linear models indicated that transient overall team justice positively predicts transient individual’s self-efficacy, which, in turn, positively predicts transient individual’s thriving at work.Research limitations/implicationsOverall, a dynamic approach of organizational justice capturing variability in justice perceptions certainly enlarges our understanding of the concept and its outcomes.Originality/valueThe study contributes to understand why even employees who feel generally treated with justice by their team may experience from time to time low levels of thriving at work because of a recent unjust treatment from the team and a decrease of their subsequent self-efficacy.
The Islamic gold dinar: a hedge against exchange rate volatility
Authors: Cheong Calvin W.H. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of the Islamic gold dinar to hedge against two well-established foreign exchange (FX) risk factors namely, the dollar risk factor and global FX volatility innovations.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a combination of the Markowitz (1952) portfolio optimization, visual data representations and the classic Fama-Macbeth (1973) two-pass procedure regressions.

Findings
The findings show that the Islamic gold dinar can serve as a hedge against market volatility, outperforms a diversified currency portfolio, and through its inclusions into the diversified currency portfolio, improve said portfolio’s ability to hedge against market volatility.

Research limitations/implications
Due to the spread of the sample, country-specific factors could not be taken into account.

Practical implications
The Islamic gold dinar is a cost-efficient, cost-effective, and Shariah-compliant instrument that provides a solid hedge for investors and/or firms that have financial positions denominated in foreign currencies. Should these investors or firms find it costly to maintain a dinar-only portfolio, including the dinar into their currency portfolios also provides the same benefit, albeit at a lower magnitude.

Originality/value
This study is timely as the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions has recently for the first time recognized gold as a Shariah-compliant investment. The findings of this study provide the first look as to how investors and firms can benefit through the use of the Islamic gold dinar in their risk management practices.
Co-creativity: possibilities for using the arts with people with a dementia
Authors: Zeilig Hannah , West Julian , van der Byl Williams Millie 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of co-creativity in relation to artistic practice with people with a dementia. The aim of the discussion is to outline how co-creativity offers fresh approaches for engaging artists and people with dementia, can contribute to less restrictive understandings of “creativity” and above all, expand the understanding of people with a dementia as creative, relational and agential.Design/methodology/approachIn order to examine current conceptions of co-creativity and to inform the artistic practice, relevant literature was explored and eight expert interviews were conducted. The interviews were thematically analysed and are included here.FindingsThis paper consequently demonstrates that improvisation, structure, leadership and equality are central elements of co-creative processes and outlines how co-creativity can offer fresh insights into the way in which the arts can engage people with a dementia, the relationship between creativity and dementia and the transformative potential of the co-creative arts for those living with a dementia.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper discusses some of the difficulties that are inherent a co-creative approach, including power relations and the limitations of inclusivity. Due to ethical restrictions, the paper is limited by not including the perspectives of people living with a dementia.Practical implicationsThis paper paves the way for future research into co-creative processes in a variety of different contexts.Social implicationsA more nuanced understanding of co-creativity with people with dementia could challenge the dominant biomedical and social paradigms that associate “dementia” with irretrievable loss and decline by creating opportunities for creative agency.Originality/valueThis exploration of co-creativity with people with dementia is the first of its kind and contributes to the wider understanding of co-creativity and co-creative practice.
Reliability studies of InnoLot and SnBi joints soldered on DBC substrate
Authors: Skwarek Agata , Illés Balázs , Witek Krzysztof , Hurtony Tamás , Tarasiuk Jacek , Wronski Sebastian , Synkiewicz Beata Kinga 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the quality and reliability of solder joints prepared from Pb-free alloys on direct bounded Cu (DBC) substrates. Two types of solder alloys were studied: Sn90.95Ag3.8Cu0.7Sb1.4Ni0.15Bi3.0, with a high melting point of 225°C, and Sn42Bi58, with low a melting point of 138°C.

Design/methodology/approach
Capacitor components of size 1806 were soldered on DBC substrates by using convection reflow soldering and vacuum vapor-phase soldering technologies. A part of the samples was subjected to the thermal shock test. The structure of the solder joints and the content of the voids were investigated using three-dimensional X-ray tomography. The mechanical strength of the joints was evaluated using the shear force test, and the microstructure of the joints was studied on metallographic cross sections by using scanning electron microscopy.

Findings
It was found that the number of voids is not related directly to the mechanical strength of the solder joints. The mechanical strength of the solder joints depends more on the amount of Ag3Sn precipitation, Au precipitation and the intermetallic layer in the solder joints. In some cases, the thermal shock test caused micro-cracks around the Au precipitation because of a mismatch of Au, AuSn4 and Sn in terms of coefficients of thermal expansion.

Originality/value
DBC substrates are usually used for power electronics, where the quality of the solder joints is even more important than in the case of commercial electronics.
What Kind of Brexit do Voters want? Lessons from the Citizens’ Assembly on Brexit
Authors: Renwick Alan , Allan Sarah , Jennings Will , Mckee Rebecca , Russell Meg , Smith Graham 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Citizens’ Assembly on Brexit was a major exercise in deliberative public engagement conducted in autumn 2017. It brought together fifty randomly selected members of the public for two carefully structured weekends of listening, learning, reflecting and discussing. Assembly members considered what post‐Brexit arrangements the UK should pursue, focusing on trade and migration. On trade, most members wanted the UK to pursue a bespoke arrangement with the EU and rejected the option of leaving the EU with no deal. On migration, most wanted the UK to maintain free movement of labour while using already available policy levers to reduce immigration numbers. These findings provide unique insight into informed public opinion on vital, pressing policy questions. The Assembly also illustrates the valuable role that such deliberative exercises could play in UK democracy. We suggest they could be particularly helpful for unlocking progress on issues such as the future of social care, that are often felt to be ‘too difficult’ to handle.
Incidence of cardiovascular events in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis amongst an Asian population: Propensity score matched cohort study
Authors: Kobayashi Daiki , Suyama Yasuhiro , Osugi Yasuhiro , Arioka Hiroko , Takahashi Osamu , Kuriyama Nagato 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe hypothesis that patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) or giant cell arteritis (GCA) have a high risk for future cardiovascular diseases has not been adequately tested. The aim of this study is to evaluate this hypothesis in Japan, where the prevalence and severity of PMR and GCA are the lowest.MethodsA propensity score matched cohort study was conducted at St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, from 2003 to 2016. We included all patients who were diagnosed as PMR or GCA cases and matched comparators with a proportion of 1 : 2. Our primary outcome was newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease. The propensity score was calculated using logistic regression with forward stepwise selection in 30 variables. Kaplan–Meier curves were drawn and the log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard model were performed for survival analyses. Two types of sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the results.ResultsAmong 2461 potential patients, the propensity score identified 504 (168 cases and 336 comparators) patients. During follow up (median 839.5 days), 110 (21.8%) developed cardiovascular diseases. The Kaplan–Meier curves between those with and without PMR or GCA were not significantly different (P = 0.85). The Cox proportional hazard model calculated the hazard ratio (HR) of those with PMR or GCA compared to those without as 0.96 (95% CI: 0.64–1.46). The results from sensitivity analyses were consistent (HR 0.70–1.06).ConclusionPatients with PMR or GCA may not have a higher risk of future cardiovascular diseases among the Japanese population. The sensitivity analyses and sample size calculation supported the results.
Carious lesion severity and demarcated hypomineralized lesions of tooth enamel in schoolchildren from Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Gambetta‐Tessini K , Mariño R , Ghanim A , Calache H , Manton DJ 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundDevelopmental hypomineralized lesions of enamel (DHL) may represent a significant caries‐risk factor. The aim of this study was to determine the association between carious lesion severity and DHL in 6‐ to 12‐year‐old schoolchildren from Melbourne, Australia.MethodsThe sample was derived from randomly selected schools in inner Melbourne. A full dental examination was performed at the school. Socio‐demographic data, caries experience (DMFT/dmft/ICDAS II) and the consequences of untreated carious lesions (PUFA/pufa) were measured. DHL, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) presence were assessed using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria.ResultsOf the children examined (n = 327), 26.9% had DHL. The prevalence of MIH and HSPM was 14.7% and 8%, respectively. Almost 20% of children had severe carious lesions (ICDAS 5 & 6) in at least one permanent or primary tooth. Ordinal regression analyses indicated that DHL (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.35–3.49) and being born overseas (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.66–4.06) increased the likelihood of severe carious lesions.ConclusionsOne of four children had DHL. DHL‐affected children had an increased likelihood of presenting untreated severe carious lesions compared with DHL‐free children.
Morphological study of the hard palate in the Egyptian goats (Capra hircus): A scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Mahdy Mohamed A. A. , Abdalla Kamal E. H. , Mohamed Salma A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of the goat hard palate by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to gross and morphometric analysis. A total of twelve goat heads, from normal adult and apparently healthy goats of both sexes, were collected from local slaughterhouses in Qena province, Egypt. Samples were subjected to gross examination, morphometric analysis, light microscopy and SEM. The hard palate in the goats was long and could be divided into a rostral narrow part and a caudal wide part with about 12–15 transverse palatine ridges from which the rostral palatine ridges were serrated on their free caudal edges. The dental pad replaced the upper incisors; its caudal border had a serrated appearance. At higher magnification, the epithelial surface of the palatine rugae and incisive papilla revealed a variety in the shape of the microplicae and the pattern of the micropits. These adaptations of the goat's hard palate might increase its efficiency during ingestion and mastication of coarse roughages and in directing the food backwards. To our knowledge, this is the first study showed the detailed anatomical description of the hard palate of the goat with SEM.
Customized fetal growth standard compared with the INTERGROWTH‐21st century standard at predicting small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates
Authors: Odibo Anthony O. , Nwabuobi Chinedu , Odibo Linda , Leavitt Karla , Obican Sarah , Tuuli Methodius G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe INTERGROWTH‐21st project (IG‐21) was recently performed aiming to provide a universal benchmark for comparing fetal growth across different ethnicities. Our aim was to compare theIG‐21 with a customized standard for predicting pregnancies at risk for neonatal small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and adverse outcomes.Material and methodsThis was a prospective cohort study including singleton pregnancies presenting for fetal growth assessment between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation. Fetal growth restriction was defined as estimated fetal weight <10th centile for gestational age usingIG‐21 and a customized standard. NeonatalSGAwas defined as birthweight <10th centile for gestational age by the Alexander chart. Primary outcome was the prediction of neonatalSGA. Secondary outcomes included a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes. The discriminatory ability of each growth standard was compared using area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).ResultsOf 1054 pregnancies meeting the inclusion criteria, the incidence of neonatalSGAwas 139 (13.2%), and a composite adverse neonatal outcome occurred in 300 (28.4%). The sensitivity of the customized standard (38.8%) was higher than that ofIG‐21 (24.5%) for predicting neonatalSGA, withAUC(95%CI) of 0.67 (0.63‐0.71) for customized vs 0.62 (0.58‐0.65) forIG‐21;P = .003. Both standards were comparable in predicting the composite adverse neonatal outcomes:AUC(95%CI) 0.52 (0.50‐0.55) for customized vs 0.51 (0.50‐0.53) forIG‐21;P = 0.25.ConclusionsBoth growth standards had modest performance in detecting neonatalSGAand were poor at predicting short‐term adverse neonatal outcome.