bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing Timbre
Authors: Fales Cornelia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores the concept of implicit perceptual learning through the lens of timbre sensitivity in San Francisco electronic dance music (EDM) listeners in the 1990s. Cross-fertilizing theories of timbre perception with Web ethnography, the chapter argues that members of this subculture created a shared lexicon with which to describe timbral changes in EDM music. Through this discourse, listeners slowly learned to hear their own music in a new way through a process of perceptual learning. The chapter explores the valorization of “nonspecificity” in the EDM community, claiming that timbre played a crucial role in the development of an aesthetic that eschewed conventional musical signification.
The Sound of Evil
Authors: Wallmark Zachary 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter investigates the “brutal” timbral soundscape of death metal music. Through a discussion of electric guitar tone and vocal techniques, the chapter’s author contends that death metal musicians knowingly manipulate their listeners’ biological responses within a symbolically mediated context, pitting “noise” against “music” in a ritualized dialectic. Theorizing about the role of distortion in the affective vocabulary of the style, particularly with its simulation of bodily pain, the chapter invokes René Girard’s theory of sacrificial violence to conclude that timbre performs potent cultural work in the ritual space of the death metal concert. Sociological and psychological aspects of “extreme” timbres are discussed in conclusion.
Timbre and Legal Likeness
Authors: Samples Mark C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In 1988, singer-songwriter Tom Waits sued Frito-Lay for using an impersonation of his voice in a Doritos commercial, an act that flagrantly contradicted his anticommercial persona as an artist. The company had appropriated not just his voice but his artistic identity, and the court ruled in favor of Waits. Drawing on recent brand theory, this chapter claims that in spite of the flexibility of Waits’s vocal timbre, his distinctive, gravelly voice—possibly a voluntary affectation, the result of laryngeal damage, or a combination of both—is universally identifiable and associated with his brand persona as a musician. This is evidenced by numerous interviews, fan forums, and musical analysis of recorded works. The Waits v. Frito-Lay, Inc. case set a precedent for the legal protection of distinctive vocal timbres against unauthorized use for commercial purposes.
The Death Rattle of a Laughing Hyena
Authors: Zak Albin J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In 1958, record producer Mitch Miller vehemently criticized the state of Top 40 radio. He argued that DJs were pandering excessively to the tastes of teenagers and playing low-quality popular music. This criticism was aimed largely at rock and roll records produced by the low-budget, independent recording firms with whom he now found himself in competition. This chapter traces the development of the major-labels’ novel pop music production practices in the 1950s, specifically the use of overdubbing, unconventional arrangements, added reverb, and Foley effects. These techniques are compared with indie-label recording, which captured more populist genres with less expensive postproduction capabilities. Finally, the chapter traces the aesthetics of DIY (do-it-yourself) records made by amateur musicians-turned-radio-stars, and concludes with a discussion of the lasting effects of these 1950s pop music crosscurrents.
Interaction between the Northern Coalsack in the Cygnus OB 7 cloud complex and multiple supernova remnants including HB 21
Authors: Dobashi Kazuhito , Shimoikura Tomomi , Endo Nobuhiro , Takagi Chisato , Nakamura Fumitaka , Shimajiri Yoshito , Bernard Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report on possible interaction between multiple supernova remnants (SNRs) and the Northern Coalsack (NCS), which is a massive clump (∼1 × 103 M⊙) in the Cygnus OB 7 cloud complex and is forming a massive Class 0 object. We performed molecular observations of the 12CO(J = 1–0), 13CO(J = 1–0), and C18O(J = 1–0) emission lines using the 45 m telescope at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory, and we found that there are four main-velocity components at VLSR ≃ −20, −6, −4, and 10 km s−1. The −6 and −4 km s−1 components correspond to the systemic velocities of NCS and the Cyg OB 7 complex, respectively, and the other velocity components originate from distinct smaller clouds. Interestingly, there are apparent correlations and anticorrelations among the spatial distributions of the four components, suggesting that they are physically interacting with one another. On a larger scale, we find that a group of small clouds belonging to the −20 and 10 km s−1 components are located along two different arcs around some SNRs including HB 21, which has been suggested to be interacting with the Cyg OB 7 cloud complex, and we also find that NCS is located right at the interface of the arcs. The small clouds are likely to be the gas swept up by the stellar wind of the massive stars that created the SNRs. We suggest that the small clouds aligned along the two arcs recently encountered NCS, and the massive star formation in NCS was triggered by the strong interaction of the small clouds.
Identification of Signs and Symptoms of Axillary Web Syndrome and Breast Seroma During a Course of Physical Therapy 7 Months After Lumpectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Jacob Tamar , Bracha Jillian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background and Purpose
Axillary web syndrome (AWS) and seroma are common and function-limiting side effects following treatments for breast cancer. Studies of AWS and seroma are rare, and there are no guidelines for physical therapy in these cases.

Case Description
After left breast lumpectomy due to invasive ductal carcinoma, a 65-year-old female patient underwent intraoperative radiation therapy and whole breast radiation. Seven months later, during treatment for breast swelling, AWS and breast seroma were identified by a physical therapist certified in lymphedema treatment. Treatment goals were to reduce breast swelling and pain and to improve shoulder movements. Interventions included manual lymph drainage, left arm stretching, and instruction about self–lymphatic-drainage and stretching exercise. Also, a compression bra was ordered, and continued daily activities and physical activity were recommended.

Outcomes
Improvement in shoulder movement, breast swelling, and pain.

Discussion
Because evidence for treatment guidelines following treatments for breast cancer is lacking, close follow-up for treatment-related complications is recommended. Management should be chosen according to signs and symptoms. Realistic expectations can reduce patient frustration and improve coping strategies and compliance with self-treatment demands. Clinical studies to support these conclusions are required.
Social Determinants of Health Training in U.S. Primary Care Residency Programs: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gard Lauren A. , Peterson Jonna , Miller Corrine , Ghosh Nilasha , Youmans Quentin , Didwania Aashish , Persell Stephen D. , Jean-Jacques Muriel , Ravenna Paul , O’Brien Matthew J. , Sanghavi Goel Mita 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Medical training has traditionally focused on the proximate determinants of disease, with little focus on how social conditions influence health. The authors conducted a scoping review of existing curricula to understand the current programs designed to teach primary care residents about the social determinants of health (SDH).

Method
In January and March 2017, the authors searched seven databases. Eligible articles focused on primary care residents, described a curriculum related to SDH, were published between January 2007 and January 2017, and were based in the United States.

Results
Of the initial 5,523 articles identified, 43 met study eligibility criteria. Most programs (29; 67%) were in internal medicine. Sixteen studies (37%) described the curriculum development process. Overall, 20 programs (47%) were short or one-time sessions, and 15 (35%) were longitudinal programs lasting at least 6 months. Thirty-two programs (74%) reported teaching SDH content using didactics, 22 (51%) incorporated experiential learning, and many programs (n = 38; 88%) employed both. Most studies reported satisfaction and/or self-perceived changes in knowledge or attitudes.

Conclusions
The authors identified wide variation in curriculum development, implementation, and evaluation. They highlight curricula that considered community and resident needs, used conceptual frameworks or engaged multiple stakeholders to select content, used multiple delivery methods, and focused evaluation on changes in skills or behaviors. This review highlights the need not only for systematic, standardized approaches to developing and delivering SDH curricula but also for developing rigorous evaluation of the curricula, particularly effects on resident behavior.
Regional Versus General Anesthesia: Effect of Anesthetic Techniques on Clinical Outcome in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Baenziger Bertram , Nadi Najia , Doerig Ramon , Proemmel Peter , Gahl Brigitta , Hodel Daniel , Hausmann Oliver N. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
There are only a few prospective clinical trials investigating the effects of different anesthetic techniques on clinical outcomes after lumbar spine surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients receiving general (GA) and regional anesthesia (RA) for lumbar spine surgery.

Methods:
This was a single-center, 2-arm, trial in which 100 patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery were randomized to receive either RA or GA (50 per group). The primary endpoint was morphine consumption during the first postoperative 48 hours. In addition, anesthesia time, transition time (defined as time from end of surgery to admission to the postoperative anesthesia care unit), visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, and patient satisfaction at hospital discharge were recorded.

Results:
There was no difference in the primary endpoint (cumulative morphine consumption at 48 h) between the 2 anesthesia types. Anesthesia and transition times were significantly shorter in the RA compared with the GA group—anesthesia time 125.4±23.6 minutes for GA versus 99.4±13.5 minutes for RA, transition time 22.5 minutes for GA versus 10.0 minutes for RA (both P<0.001). The VAS for pain on arrival to the postoperative anesthetic care unit was lower for patients who received RA compared with GA (crude and adjusted, both <0.001). 84% of patients in the RA group were completely satisfied compared with 74% in the GA group (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in the sex analysis for VAS for pain over time; females reported higher VAS for pain from the preoperative assessment to 6 weeks after the operation (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
There was no difference in postoperative morphine consumption in patients receiving GA and RA for lumbar spine surgery. RA was associated with shorter anesthesia and transition times, lower VAS for pain at arrival at the postoperative anesthesia care unit, and higher patient satisfaction at hospital discharge.
Intervention Models for Increasing Access to Behavioral Health Services Among Youth: A Systematic Review
Authors: Choi Kristen R. , Easterlin Molly C. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The purpose of this systematic literature review is to examine interventions designed to improve access to behavioral health services among youth in the United States and to identify how the concept of access to health care has been measured and conceptualized in these studies.

Method:
The review used a systematic search strategy to identify articles published in medical, nursing, and psychological literature. The search yielded 579 initial articles, of which 69 appeared to be candidates for inclusion in the review. In the end, 19 studies qualified for synthesis in the review. Studies were required to use an experimental or quasi-experimental design and include a comparison group.

Results:
Results indicated that access to behavioral health services can be improved by providing services in schools, using telehealth models, or delivering multicomponent interventions in clinical settings. Models that incorporated parental support, peer support from other parents, or other ways of engaging parents in the utilization process, as well as multicomponent and policy interventions, helped improve access to care. In the studies reviewed, access was operationalized primarily in terms of child behavioral health service utilization.

Conclusion:
Interventions delivered in schools, engaging parents, or utilizing telehealth technology show promise for increasing access for youth affected by behavioral health disorders.
Botulinum Toxin A: A Novel Therapeutic Modality for Upper Extremity Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Lessard Lucie , Bartow Matthew J. , Lee James , Diaz-Abel Julian , Tessler Oren E.S. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) is a disease that is poorly understood. It is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by sympathetic disruptions as well as CNS sensitization. Botulinum Toxin-A has been shown to have efficacy in Raynaud's as well as other neuropathic pain disorders. Perhaps BTX-A warrants experimentation in the treatment of CRPS.

Methods:
Patients with CRPS refractory to 2 or more regional sympathetic nerve blocks in 2007 were included in the study. Patient's were asked to rank their initial pain on a visual analog scale of 0 to 10 (10 being the worst pain). "Tenderness maps" were marked on patient's areas of most pain in 1 by 1 centimeter grids. Each box on the grid was injected with 10 IU of BTX-A after nerve blocks with 1% lidocaine. Treatment sessions occured on a monthly basis with VAS pain scores being re-assessed immediately before the new treatment. t Test, linear regression, and Cohen's D-test were used to analyze the correlation of the data.

Results:
Study sample was 20 patients. Etiology of CRPS was 6 amputations, 4 crush injuries, 4 penetrating injuries, and 2 lacerations. Average pain reduction on VAS scale achieved was 2.05 points. Average percentage pain reduction was 22.94%. Cohen's D Test also showed a meaningful difference with a score of 1.01. Linear regression R2 = 0.491. Maximum pain reduction, on average, was achieved by treatment 9.

Conclusion:
Despite the esoteric etiology of CRPS, BTX-A has a well-demonstrated mechanism of effect. BTX-A should be further explored as a treatment modality for CRPS.
Buccal Fat Pad Excision: Proceed with Caution
Authors: Benjamin Martin , Reish Richard G. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Buccal fat pad excision is offered as a means of obtaining a more aesthetic midface. This procedure has been documented in the form of countless videos on Instagram and other social media platforms with no long-term patient follow-up. We performed a retrospective analysis of published data regarding buccal fat pad excision and sought to better elucidate pitfalls regarding this underreported procedure.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted in October 2017 through the PUBMED database regarding the utility of buccal fat pad excision in the setting of aesthetic improvement of the midface. Reference articles were screened to obtain relevant studies. A total of 121 citations were identified in the search but after eliminating duplicate studies and abstracts and utilizing predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria only 11 articles were satisfactory. None of these articles demonstrated any long-term patient follow-up.

Results:
Out of the 121 relevant citations identified, only 2 studies published describe a case series of > 5 patients regarding cheek or midface sculpturing with buccal fat pad excision for aesthetic purposes, the total sample size between these 2 studies was 53 patients. Neither of the studies had follow-up regarding patient satisfaction or related outcomes.

Conclusions:
Buccal fat pad resection as an aesthetic improvement of the midface has been described, but follow-up regarding loss of subcutaneous fat with aging and late secondary deformities have not been published in the literature. Further research in long-term patient follow-up including patient satisfaction and the encouragement of reporting postoperative complications is warranted.
ASSESSMENT OF MACULAR VASCULATURE OF CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE COMPARED TO THAT OF HEALTHY CONTROLS USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Roemer Ségolène , Bergin Ciara , Kaeser Pierre-Francois , Ambresin Aude 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
This study aims at describing the macular vascular features of the eyes of pediatric patients with the homozygous form of sickle cell disease (SCD) using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of eyes of pediatric patients with SCD, race- and age-matched to those of healthy individuals. Using optical coherence tomography angiography images of superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus, the nonflow area, vascular density, and foveal avascular zone were measured. The remodeled microvascular foveal architectures obtained on optical coherence tomography angiography and fluorescein angiography were compared.

Results:
A total of 19 eyes of patients with SCD and 18 eyes of race-matched healthy controls were examined. The best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 75 to 85 letters in all cases. In the SCD series, 8 eyes displayed signs of retinopathy on funduscopy. The foveal avascular zone was significantly enlarged, the foveal vascular density was 8% lower, and there were more perifoveal vascular alterations in the eyes of patients with SCD compared to those of controls.

Conclusion:
The foveal vascular density was significantly reduced and area of the foveal avascular zone was significantly increased in the eyes of patients with SCD. Consistent architectural changes in the perifoveal capillaries were also observed in the pediatric patients with SCD.
Poststroke Sleep Disorders: An Executive Summary
Authors: Park Da-In , Choi-Kwon Smi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Background: Poststroke sleep disorders (PSSDs) are common manifestations that may lead to adverse outcomes that pose a negative impact on the daily lives of stroke survivors. However, PSSD is poorly understood in terms of etiology, assessment, treatment, and nursing management. The purpose of this executive summary is to provide an overview to broaden our understanding of PSSDs. Method: The electronic databases EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to identify any available relevant studies. Results: The 3 main sleep disorders among stroke survivors are sleep apnea, nighttime sleep disturbances, and excessive daytime sleepiness. The PSSD prevalence ranges from 13.2% to 94.0%. Conclusion: The causative mechanism seems to be multifactorial, but occurrence may differ depending on the stroke stage. Combined use of subjective and objective assessment methods may increase PSSD detection and early treatment.
Comparison of the cuff pressures of a TaperGuard endotracheal tube during ipsilateral and contralateral rotation of the head
Authors: Kim Saeyoung 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Maintaining optimal intracuff pressure of the endotracheal tube is important during airway management. Rotation of the head can affect the cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube. We investigated the change in cuff pressure and the degree of tube displacement according to the direction of head rotation (toward the same side vs opposite side of tube fixation) using a TaperGuard endotracheal tube.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study in 58 patients, aged 18 to 70 years, who underwent tympanomastoidectomy under general anesthesia. TaperGuard endotracheal tube was secured at the corner of the mouth, either on the same side as that of the head rotation (Group S, n = 29) or on the opposite side (Group O, n = 29). After endotracheal intubation, the endotracheal tube cuff pressure was set at 22 cmH2O in the neutral position of the head. The cuff pressure was measured again after lateral rotation of the head and readjusted to 22 cmH2O. In addition, the change in distance from the carina to the tip of the endotracheal tube was measured before and after the change in position. The incidences of cough, sore throat, and hoarseness were assessed at 30 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after surgery.

Results
There were no differences between groups in terms of patient characteristics and duration of anesthesia. The change in cuff pressure after head rotation in Group S (8.07 ± 1.07 cmH2O) was greater than that in Group O (2.24 ± 0.95 cmH2O) (P < .001). In addition, 21 (72.4%) patients in Group S and no patient in Group O had pressures above 30 cmH2O (P < .001). Furthermore, the tube tip moved away from the carina by 8.55 ± 7.01 mm in Group S and by 2.83 ± 4.72 mm in Group O (P < .001).

Conclusion
Fixation of the TaperGuard endotracheal tube on the side contralateral to head rotation was associated with a smaller intracuff pressure increase and lesser tube displacement compared to fixation of the tube on the ipsilateral side.
Individualized reconstruction for severe periprosthetic fractures around the tumor prosthesis of knee under assistance of 3D printing technology
Authors: Han Qing , Zhao Xue , Wang Chenyu , Chen Bingpeng , Wang Xiaonan , Zhang Ziyan , Zhang Kesong , Zheng Yuhao , Wang Jincheng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) around tumor prosthesis of knee are stubborn problems for surgeons, huge bone defect and inappropriate biomechanics of the revision implant design can be disaster for reconstruction. With the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, surgeons participate more in precise preoperative design and simulation for treatment of such fractures. In this study we explored an accurate and feasible way to restore normal anatomy and function of the knee joint with 3D printing technology.

Case presentation:

Rationale: This report explored an accurate and feasible way to treat PFF around tumor knee prosthesis in a 32 years old women with 3D printing technology, which restored normal anatomy and function of the knee joint. Patient concerns: Pain in left thigh lasted for 10 months after resection of left femoral chondroma and knee joint replacement four years ago. Diagnoses: periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) around tumor knee prosthesis.

Interventions:
CT images of the patient were collected and reconstructed. Parameters of bilateral femurs were virtually sliced and measured. Novel femoral stem and nail paths were specially designed by doctors according to these parameters. The prosthetic femoral stem components and navigator were customized by engineers according to the doctor's design. The residual femoral resin model, customized components and navigator were printed with Stereo Lithography Apparatus 3D printer. The shape-preconcerted allograft bone was selected as patch for the bone defect before operation with the printed bone model. All the steps were simulated preoperatively with the models printed, and then the operation was carried out. Outcomes: The operation was successfully performed. The postoperative x-ray image, MSTS93 scores were examined and the function restoration sustained well in the follow-up period from 1 month to 27 months. Lessons: 3D printing and medical interaction are key points in complex PFF cases.

Conclusion:
As for PFF of the complex tumor of knee, preoperative design and simulation with 3D printing technology may provide more accurate and effective operative outcome than traditional methods, which might be considered as a method suitable for popularization in complex and severe cases.