bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of dissecting cellulitis of the scalp with 10% ALA‐PDT
Authors: Feng Yuxin , Zhang Yuhui , Guo Hongzuo , Lin Zheng , Chen Hongqiang , Wu Yan , Gao Xing‐Hua , Chen Hong‐Duo 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundDissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) is difficult to be treated and 5‐aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) is considered to be a potential treatment for inflammatory skin diseases.ObjectiveTo analyze the efficacy and safety of ALA‐PDT on DCS.Materials and MethodsThe treatment areas of DCS patients were incubated with freshly prepared 10% ALA for 3 hours. The 633 ± 10 nm light with the intensity of 80–100 mw/cm2 was used as the irradiation source of ALA‐PDT, and the irradiation time was 20–30 minutes. Three sessions were applied at an interval of 10–15 days. According to the reduction of lesions and the improvements of patients’ symptoms after each session, the objective assessment of therapeutic effect was divided into four grades. The adverse effects were recorded.ResultsSeven male DCS patients finished the treatments and assessments. One month after three sessions of treatment, one patient recovered, three patients received significant improvement, and one patients received medium improvement. At the 3‐month follow‐up, two patients recovered, four patients received significant improvement, and one patients received medium improvement. The patients tolerated well to the therapy without any severe adverse effects.Conclusion10% ALA‐PDT is effective and safe on male DCS patients. As a localized and less invasive treatment, it provides a preferable choice for DCS patients. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An unsymmetric 8‐node hexahedral solid‐shell element with high distortion tolerance: Linear formulations
Authors: Huang Junbin , Cen Song , Li Zhi , Li Chen‐Feng 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA locking‐free unsymmetric 8‐node solid‐shell element with high distortion tolerance is proposed for general shell analysis, which is equipped with translational degrees of freedom only. The prototype of this new model is a recent solid element US‐ATFH8 developed by combining the unsymmetric finite element method and the analytical solutions in three‐dimensional local oblique coordinates. By introducing proper shell assumptions and assumed natural strain modifications for transverse strains, the new solid‐shell element US‐ATFHS8 is successfully formulated. This element is able to give highly accurate predictions for shells with different geometric features and loading conditions and is quite insensitive to mesh distortions. In particular, the excellent performance of US‐ATFH8 under membrane load is well inherited, which is an outstanding advantage over other shell elements.
Spatial global assessment of the pest Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): current and future scenarios
Authors: Carvajal Mario A , Alaniz Alberto J , Núñez‐Hidalgo Ignacio , González‐Césped Carlos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe insect Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) an important pest worldwide, mainly due to the serious economic losses incurred and the large number of zones invaded. However, current and future spatial distributions of this pest, and the total area of cropland potentially affected have not been estimated. Here, we aim to: (1) estimate the potential geographic distribution of B. hilaris; (2) quantify the total area of cropland potentially affected worldwide, and in two recently colonized zones (California and Chile); and (3) estimate future changes in distribution under different climate change scenarios.ResultsWe found that B. hilaris shows high environmental suitability in Mediterranean and arid regions, potentially affecting 1 108 184.1 km2 of cropland worldwide. The most affected continents were Asia and America, with 309 659.8 and 294 638.6 km2 of cropland at risk. More than 50% of cropland areas are at risk in seven countries. In California and central Chile, 43.7% and 50% of susceptible crops are at a high level of risk, respectively. Climate change scenarios predict an increase in the potential distribution of B. hilaris worldwide; America being the most affected continent.ConclusionsOur results provide a spatially explicit baseline from which to focus efforts on the prevention, management and control of this pest worldwide. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects and mechanisms of betulinic acid on improving EGFR TKI‐resistance of lung cancer cells
Authors: Ko Jiunn‐Liang , Lin Ching‐Hsiung , Chen Heng‐Chung , Hung Wei‐Heng , Chien Peng‐Ju , Chang Hui‐Yi , Wang Bing‐Yen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have been identified in approximately 55% of lung cancer patients in Taiwan. Gefitinib (Iressa) and Erlotinib (Tarceva) are the first‐generation targeting drugs to patients with EGFR gene mutants a work by inhibiting tyrosine kinase activity. However, resistance in EGFR‐mutated patients to first‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy after 8‐11 months of treatment has occurred. Betulinic acid (BetA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product derived from widespread plants. BetA has been reported to have a cytotoxic effect in several cancers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of BetA on dampening EGFR TKI‐resistance of lung cancer cells. Our study has demonstrated by MTT assay that combining BetA and an EGFR TKI increased the cytotoxicity against EGFR TKI‐resistance lung cancer cells. Based on flow cytometry, combination treatments of BetA with an EGFR TKI enhanced Sub‐G1 accumulation, induced apoptosis and induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Using western blotting, BetA and EGFR TKI combined treatments inhibited cell cycle related protein and triggered apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐ related protein expression. Taken together, our data suggests that a target therapy combining BetA with an EGFR TKI improves drug efficacy in EGFR TKI‐resistant lung cancer cells.
A Filtering of Incomplete GNSS Position Time Series with Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Gruszczynski Maciej , Klos Anna , Bogusz Janusz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
For the first time, we introduced the probabilistic principal component analysis (pPCA) regarding the spatio-temporal filtering of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position time series to estimate and remove Common Mode Error (CME) without the interpolation of missing values. We used data from the International GNSS Service (IGS) stations which contributed to the latest International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2014). The efficiency of the proposed algorithm was tested on the simulated incomplete time series, then CME was estimated for a set of 25 stations located in Central Europe. The newly applied pPCA was compared with previously used algorithms, which showed that this method is capable of resolving the problem of proper spatio-temporal filtering of GNSS time series characterized by different observation time span. We showed, that filtering can be carried out with pPCA method when there exist two time series in the dataset having less than 100 common epoch of observations. The 1st Principal Component (PC) explained more than 36% of the total variance represented by time series residuals’ (series with deterministic model removed), what compared to the other PCs variances (less than 8%) means that common signals are significant in GNSS residuals. A clear improvement in the spectral indices of the power-law noise was noticed for the Up component, which is reflected by an average shift towards white noise from - 0.98 to - 0.67 (30%). We observed a significant average reduction in the accuracy of stations’ velocity estimated for filtered residuals by 35, 28 and 69% for the North, East, and Up components, respectively. CME series were also subjected to analysis in the context of environmental mass loading influences of the filtering results. Subtraction of the environmental loading models from GNSS residuals provides to reduction of the estimated CME variance by 20 and 65% for horizontal and vertical components, respectively.
Vertex operator algebras, Higgs branches, and modular differential equations
Authors: Beem Christopher , Rastelli Leonardo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEvery four-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$N=2superconformal field theory comes equipped with an intricate algebraic invariant, the associated vertex operator algebra. The relationships between this invariant and more conventional protected quantities in the same theories have yet to be completely understood. In this work, we aim to characterize the connection between the Higgs branch of the moduli space of vacua (as an algebraic geometric entity) and the associated vertex operator algebra. Ultimately our proposal is simple, but its correctness requires the existence of a number of nontrivial null vectors in the vacuum Verma module of the vertex operator algebra. Of particular interest is one such null vector whose presence suggests that the Schur index of any$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$N=2SCFT should obey a finite order modular differential equation. By way of the “high temperature” limit of the superconformal index, this allows the Weyl anomaly coefficientato be reinterpreted in terms of the representation theory of the associated vertex operator algebra. We illustrate these ideas in a number of examples including a series of rank-one theories associated with the “Deligne-Cvitanović exceptional series” of simple Lie algebras, several families of Argyres-Douglas theories, an assortment of class$$ \mathcal{S} $$Stheories, and$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$N=2super Yang-Mills with$$ \mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{u}(n) $$sungauge group for small-to-moderate values ofn.
The M-theory S-matrix from ABJM: beyond 11D supergravity
Authors: Chester Shai M. , Pufu Silviu S. , Yin Xi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe show that by studying the flat spacetime limit of the Mellin amplitude associated with the four-point correlation function of scalar operators in the stress tensor multiplet of ABJM theory, one can produce the momentum expansion of the M-theory four-graviton S-matrix elements. Using CFT data previously obtained from the supersymmetric localization method, we carry out this procedure explicitly to the second nontrivial order in the momentum expansion, and recover precisely the knownR4contribution to the scattering amplitude of super-gravitons in M-theory in eleven dimensions.
MRI Findings at the Bone-Component Interface in Symptomatic Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty and the Relationship to Radiographic Findings
Authors: Kleeblad Laura Jill , Zuiderbaan Hendrik A. , Burge Alissa J. , Amirtharaj Mark J. , Potter Hollis G. , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: August 2018

Background The most common modes of failure of cemented unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) designs are aseptic loosening and unexplained pain at short- to mid-term follow-up, which is likely linked to early fixation failure. Determining these modes of failure remains challenging; conventional radiographs are limited for use in assessing radiolucent lines, with only fair sensitivity and specificity for aseptic loosening. Questions/Purposes We sought to characterize the bone-component interface of patients with symptomatic cemented medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine the relationship between MRI and conventional radiographic findings. Methods This retrospective observational study included 55 consecutive patients with symptomatic cemented UKA. All underwent MRI with addition of multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination (MAVRIC) at an average of 17.8 ± 13.9 months after surgery. MRI studies were reviewed by two independent musculoskeletal radiologists. MRI findings at the bone-cement interface were quantified, including bone marrow edema, fibrous membrane, osteolysis, and loosening. Radiographs were reviewed for existence of radiolucent lines. Inter-rater agreement was determined using Cohen's κ statistic. Results The vast majority of symptomatic UKA patients demonstrated bone marrow edema pattern (71% and 75%, respectively) and fibrous membrane (69% and 89%, respectively) at the femoral and tibial interface. Excellent and substantial inter-rater agreement was found for the femoral and tibial interface, respectively. Furthermore, MRI findings and radiolucent lines observed on conventional radiographs were poorly correlated. Conclusion MRI with the addition of MAVRIC sequences could be a complementary tool for assessing symptomatic UKA and for quantifying appearances at the bone-component interface. This technique showed good reproducibility of analysis of the bone-component interface after cemented UKA. Future studies are necessary to define the bone-component interface of symptomatic and asymptomatic UKA patients.
Corporate choice and individual values: using accounting to align incentives
Authors: Christensen John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCorporate choice is expected to reflect rational behavior and yet there is much anecdotal evidence suggesting the opposite. Often the accounting system plays a major part in such stories. Aligning incentives has always been one of the main concerns of the accounting system. Accounting control has been discussed intensively as one of the purposes of the management accounting system. Furthermore, accounting for stewardship has been important to the financial accounting debate. Goal congruency issues are central to this discussion. In particular, conflicting interests have been transparent in the transfer pricing literature. The development of the transfer pricing literature is used to illustrate the development of how the accounting system is a vehicle to align incentives in the organization. In conclusion, it is argued that the accrual accounting system more generally serves the purpose of aligning incentives.
Endogenous Testosterone Levels and Cardiovascular Risk: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Rastrelli Giulia , Di Pasquale Giuseppe , Sforza Alessandra , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction
The relationship between endogenous testosterone (T) levels and cardiovascular (CV) risk in men is conflicting.

Aim
To verify whether endogenous T levels represent a possible risk factor for CV morbidity and mortality.

Methods
We conducted a random effect meta-analysis considering all the available data from prospective observational studies comparing subjects with baseline reduced endogenous T levels to those with higher T levels as derived from an extensive MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane search. The identification of relevant studies was performed independently by 2 of the authors (G.R. and G.C.), and conflicts resolved by the third investigator (M.M.).

Main Outcome Measures
CV mortality and morbidity were investigated.

Results
After screening, 37 observational studies, published between 1988 and 2017 including 43,041 subjects with a mean age of 63.5 years and mean follow-up of 333 weeks, were considered. Low endogenous T at enrollment predicted overall and CV mortality, as well as CV morbidity, when both unadjusted and fully adjusted models were considered (odds ratio = 1.26 [CI, 1.17; 1.36], 1.54 [CI, 1.25; 1.89], and 1.17 [CI, 1.01; 1.36]; all P &lt; .05 when overall mortality, CV mortality, and CV incidence and fully adjusted models were considered, respectively). The data were confirmed even when nonpopulation–based studies were excluded from the analysis. Metaregression analysis applied to the fully adjusted model showed that the risk of CV mortality was inversely related to mean age at enrollment (S = –0.014 [–0.017;–0.010] and I = 1.073 [0.806;1.339]; both P &lt; .0001) and directly related to the prevalence of diabetes and to the proportion of active smokers.

Clinical Implications
Low endogenous T levels in aging men can represent a possible CV risk factor.

Strengths & Limitations
The present data demonstrated, for the first time, that low T predicts not only CV mortality but also CV morbidity. Data derived from studies reporting information on CV mortality suggested major publication bias although they were confirmed applying Duval and Tweedie trim and fill method. However, observational studies should be considered with caution due to the lack of complete follow-ups and due to the poor management of missing data.

Conclusion
The present meta-analysis shows that low T in aging men is a marker of CV risk. The possible benefits of T treatment in reducing this risk should be examined in longer-term, specifically designed trials.
Approximate solutions to droplet dynamics in Hele-Shaw flows
Authors: Green Yoav 
Published: August 2018

For the past decade, the interaction force between droplets flowing in a Hele-Shaw cell has been modelled as a dipole. In this work, we use the recently derived analytical solution of Sariget al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 800, 2016, pp. 264–277) of a two-droplet system, which satisfies the no-flux condition at both droplet interfaces, and compare it to results of the dipole model, which does not satisfy the no-flux condition. Unfortunately, the recently derived solution is given in terms of infinite Fourier series, making any additional straightforward analysis difficult. We derive simple approximations for these Fourier series. We show that at large spacing the approximations for the interactions reduce to the expected dipole-like solution. We also provide a new lower limit for the velocity for the case of almost touching droplets. For the case of large spacing, the derivation is extended to arbitrary droplet numbers – including an infinite lattice. We present a new correction for the dispersion relation for the perturbations. We investigate the effect of the number of droplets in a lattice,$N$, on the resulting dynamics.
Hippocampal sclerosis induced in mice by a Taenia crassiceps metacestode factor
Authors: Zepeda N. , Copitin N. , Chávez J.L. , García F. , Jaimes-Miranda F. , Rincón-Heredia R. , Paredes R. , Solano S. , Fernández A.M. , Molinari J.L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn experimental Taenia crassiceps mouse model was used to assess the role of Taenia solium metacestode factor (Fac) in human neurocysticercosis. Intraperitoneal infection with T. crassiceps metacestodes or subcutaneous inoculation with a T. crassiceps metacestode factor (Fac) produced significant impairment of performance (learning) in the Barnes maze and induced bilateral hippocampal sclerosis in mice. Several staining techniques revealed important cell dispersion, extensive apoptosis and cell loss in the dentate gyrus, hilus and CA1-CA3 regions of both hippocampi, as well as intense deterioration of the adjacent cortex. An outstanding disruption of its histoarchitecture in the surrounding tissue of all these regions and apoptosis of the endothelial cells were also observed.
Expected background rates of latent TB infection in London inner city schools: lessons from a TB contact investigation exercise in a secondary school
Authors: Anaraki S. , Bell A.J. , Perkins S. , Murphy S. , Dart S. , Anderson C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFollowing an extensive contact tracing exercise at a school in a London borough with one of highest tuberculosis (TB) rates in England, we estimated the background prevalence of latent TB infection to be significantly less than the widely accepted 10%. We screened 271 pupils aged 14–15 years in two groups: 96 pupils in group 1 had significant exposure (>8 h/week in the same room) to a case of infectious TB and 175 in group 2 who had minimal exposure. In group 1, 26% were diagnosed with latent or active TB, compared to 6.3% in group 2. Risk factors for TB infection (e.g. previous exposure or link to high-prevalence communities) were analysed using a cohort study design. In the univariable analysis only being in contact group 1 was statistically significantly associated with being a case (OR 5.25, 95%,P< 0.001). In the multivariable model contact group 1 remained significantly associated with being a case (adjusted OR 4.40,P= 0.001). We concluded that the 6.3% yield of TB infection in contact group 2 is either similar to or higher than the background prevalence rate of latent TB infection (LTBI) in this high TB prevalence London borough. Other parts of England with lower TB prevalence are likely to have even lower LTBI rates.
Neglected Radio Blackout Induced by the Nonionized Airflow Sheath Around a Supersonic Aircraft
Authors: Gong S. H. , Zhao H. , Hou M. Y. , Li R. X. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe characteristics of the flow field around a supersonic aircraft are discussed. It is analyzed that there are interfaces between two adjacent regions with jump change of refractive index in the supersonic flow. The physical mechanism of the Fresnel reflection of an electromagnetic wave at the interfaces mentioned above is analyzed according to the Fresnel reflection phenomenon in the Earth atmosphere. The conditions for the Fresnel reflection in the supersonic flow field are discussed, and the formulae for calculating the Fresnel reflection coefficient are given. According to the process of a radio wave propagating across the interfaces in the supersonic flow field, the other radio blackout phenomenon is proposed for the first time, which is induced by the nonionized atmospheric sheath around a supersonic aircraft, and may be well neglected or mistaken for the plasma‐sheath‐caused radio blackout. The conditions of the nonionized‐atmospheric‐sheath‐induced radio blackout are investigated. The calculation results show that the neglected radio blackout is confined to a rather specific case, a very small range of grazing angles. However, it is significant for identifying the mechanism of radio blackout.
Contrasting Intraseasonal Variations of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Between the 1997–1998 and 2015–2016 El Niño Events
Authors: Lyu Yilong , Li Yuanlong , Tang Xiaohui , Wang Fan , Wang Jianing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOceanic intraseasonal variability (ISV) plays a vital role in the initiation and development of El Niño events. Mooring observations reveal contrasting characteristics of upper‐ocean zonal current ISV during different El Niño events. Compared to the 1997–1998 event, ISV of the 2015–2016 event was significantly weaker (by around 30–50%) over the equatorial Pacific basin, and the variability maximum was shifted to the east (~160°E). These differences can be largely explained by wind forcing features. ISV of surface winds in 2015 is overall weaker than in 1997. Intraseasonal westerly wind bursts in 1997 occurred near the western boundary and originated from the Indian Ocean, whereas in 2015, perturbations were mainly propagated from the northeast Pacific and achieved the peak power at ~160°E of the equator. These changes are likely associated with the decadal warming of the northeast subtropical Pacific and weakening of the Indian Ocean intraseasonal oscillation.