bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA PTCSC3 inhibits triple‐negative breast cancer cell proliferation by downregulating lncRNA H19
Authors: Wang Ning , Hou Mingsheng , Zhan Ying , Sheng Xiaobin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PTCSC3 (hereafter PTCSC3 is used to represent lncRNA PTCSC3) inhibits glioma and thyroid cancer, indicating its potential tumor suppression function in other types of cancers. We explored the potential involvement of PTCSC3 in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the current study, we found that PTCSC3 was downregulated in tumor tissues of patients with TNBC. PTCSC3 expression was positively correlated with plasma levels of PTCSC3. LncRNA H19 was upregulated and was inversely correlated with PTCSC3 in tumor tissues. PTCSC3 overexpression led to downregulated H19 in TNBC cells, while H19 overexpression did not affect PTCSC3 expression. PTCSC3 inhibited and H19 promoted proliferation of TNBC cells. H19 overexpression attenuated the effects of PTCSC3 overexpression. Cancer cell migration and invasion were not significantly affected by PTCSC3 overexpression. Therefore, lncRNA PTCSC3 inhibits TNBC cell proliferation by downregulating lncRNA H19.
Long non‐coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 facilitates cardiac hypertrophy via stabilization of SDA1 domain containing 1 mRNA
Authors: Jing Ling , Li Shuang , Wang Jingyao , Zhang Guowei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy is a result of cardiac response to excessive heart burden. The sustention of hypertrophic stress indicates a higher risk of cardiac failure or even sudden death. Despite the increasing research works on cardiac hypertrophy, there remains a considerable space left for further mechanism exploration. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a cluster of transcripts lacking in protein coding potential. Past decades have witnessed the increasing identification of their significant roles in cardiac hypertrophy. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) has been identified as an oncogene in human cancers, but its function in cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. SDA1 domain containing 1 (SDAD1) is newly discovered to exert procancer function in several cancers, whose role in cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive. Present study sought to investigate the biological function of SNHG7 in cardiac hypertrophy. First, the expressions of SNHG7 and SDAD1 were found to be upregulated in Ang II‐induced cardiac hypertrophy model in the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Functionally, loss‐of‐function assays verified that silencing SNHG7 and SDAD1 attenuated the inductive effect of Ang II on cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, we proved that SNHG7 interacted with Hu Antigen R so as to stabilize SDAD1 messenger RNA (mRNA). In conclusion, this study proved that SNHG7 facilitates cardiac hypertrophy via the stabilization of SDAD1 mRNA, indicating SNHG7 as a novel regulator for cardiac hypertrophy.
Role of two‐component regulatory systems in intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Li Xue , Lv Xi , Lin Yanping , Zhen Junfeng , Ruan Cao , Duan Wei , Li Yue , Xie Jianping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe typical two‐component regulatory systems (TCSs), consisting of response regulator and histidine kinase, play a central role in survival of pathogenic bacteria under stress conditions such as nutrient starvation, hypoxia, and nitrosative stress. A total of 11 complete paired two‐component regulatory systems have been found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including a few isolated kinase and regulatory genes. Increasing evidence has shown that TCSs are closely associated with multiple physiological process like intracellular persistence, pathogenicity, and metabolism. This review gives the two‐component signal transduction systems in M. tuberculosis and their signal transduction roles in adaption to the environment.
Knockdown of LASP2 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Zhang Liya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLIM and SH3 protein 2 (LASP2) belongs to nebulin family. It has been proven that LASP2 is involved in several cancers; however, its role in cervical cancer is unclear. Herein, we showed that LASP2 was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. To knockdown LASP2 in cervical cancer cells, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting LASP2 (si‐LASP2) were used. We found that cell proliferation, migration/invasion were markedly reduced after si‐LASP2 transfection. A significant increase in E‐cadherin expression, and decrease in N‐cadherin and vimentin expressions were observed in si‐LASP2 transfected cervical cancer cells. Knockdown of LASP2 caused significant inhibitory effect on the PI3K/Akt pathway. Treatment with the activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway, 740Y‐P, abolished the effects of si‐LASP2 transfection on cervical cancer cells. These findings suggested that LASP2 may be an oncogene through regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway in cervical cancer.
Role of acute‐phase protein ORM in a mice model of ischemic stroke
Authors: Wan Jing‐Jing , Wang Peng‐Yuan , Zhang Yu , Qin Zhen , Sun Yang , Hu Bo‐Han , Su Ding‐Feng  , Xu Dong‐Ping , Liu Xia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe only Food and Drug Administration‐approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator, and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets is critical. Here, we found orosomucoid (ORM), an acute‐phase protein mainly produced by the liver, might act as a treatment candidate for an ischemic stroke. The results showed that ORM2 is the dominant subtype in mice normal brain tissue. After middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the level of ORM2 is significantly increased in the ischemic penumbra compared with the contralateral normal brain tissue, whereas ORM1 knockout did not affect the infarct size. Exogenous ORM could significantly decrease infarct size and neurological deficit score. Inspiringly, the best administration time point was at 4.5 and 6 hr after MCAO. ORM could markedly decrease the Evans blue extravasation, and improve blood–brain barrier‐associated proteins expression in the ischemic penumbra of MACO mice and oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)‐treated bEnd3 cells. Meanwhile, ORM could significantly alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the production of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), reduce oxidative stress by improving the balance of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), inhibit apoptosis by decreasing caspase‐3 activity in ischemic penumbra of MCAO mice and OGD‐treated bEnd.3 cells. Because of its protective role at multiple levels, ORM might be a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Induction of CD137 expression by viral genes reduces T cell costimulation
Authors: Wu Meihui , Wong Hiu Yi , Lin Jia Le , Moliner Annalena , Schwarz Herbert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntracellular pathogens are subject to elimination by a cellular immune response, and were therefore under evolutionary pressure to develop mechanisms that allow them to inhibit especially this arm of immunity. CD137, a T cell costimulatory molecule, and its ligand, CD137 ligand (CD137L), which is expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC), are potent drivers of cellular cytotoxic immune responses. Here, we report that different viruses usurp a negative feedback mechanism for the CD137–CD137L system that weakens cellular immune responses. Latent membrane protein (LMP)‐1 and Tax, oncogenes of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), and human T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)‐1, respectively, induce the expression of CD137. CD137 is transferred by trogocytosis to CD137L‐expressing APC, and the CD137–CD137L complex is internalized and degraded, resulting in a reduced CD137‐mediated T cell costimulation and a weakened cellular immune response which may facilitate the escape of the virus from immune surveillance. These data identify the usurpation of a CD137‐based negative feedback mechanism by intracellular pathogens that enables them to reduce T cell costimulation.
Stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis enhances malignancy and initiates anoikis resistance in immortalized oral keratinocytes
Authors: Hoppe T. , Kraus D. , Probstmeier R. , Jepsen S. , Winter J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to get new insights into molecular processes involved in tumor propagation of immortalized oral keratinocytes induced by the keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Cell culture experiments with immortalized OKF6 cells were performed to analyze cellular effects caused by bacterial stimulation focusing on altered gene expression, signaling pathways, proliferation rate, cell viability, migration and invasion behavior, and on the development of antiapoptotic pathways. Gene and protein expression were analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and protein arrays. Trypan blue staining was used to analyze proliferation and viability, transwell assays for cellular migration, Matrigel assays for invasion, and anoikis‐assays for evaluating anoikis resistance. Stimulation of OKF6 cells with Porphyromonas gingivalis led to an alteration in the molecular repertoire of proteins which are involved in cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, stem cell formation, migration, invasion, and anoikis resistance. Higher proliferation rates were detected in conjunction with an activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and the mTOR‐pathway. Additionally, inhibition of glycogen‐synthase‐kinase3‐β led to stabilization of β‐catenin and Snail, which resulted in a switch from predominant E‐cadherin to N‐cadherin expression and increased expression of the stem cell markers Oct3/4, Sox2, and Nanog. Enhanced biosynthesis and enzyme activity of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 was accompanied by elevated invasion behavior. Finally, anoikis resistance was detected in stimulated keratinocytes by decreased apoptosis of nonadherent cells and elevated expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and c‐Met. Hence, Porphyromonas gingivalis is able to induce a more aggressive tumor‐like phenotype in immortalized oral keratinocytes, thus contributing to enhanced tumor features.
Asthma and obesity as predictors of severe obstructive sleep apnea in an adolescent pediatric population
Authors: Narayanan Ajay , Yogesh Ahana , Mitchell Ron B. , Johnson Romaine F. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo study a cohort of children referred for full‐night polysomnography (PSG) due to suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We examined the relationship between asthma, obesity, and severe OSA (sOSA).MethodsWe performed a retrospective case control analysis of children, ages 9 to 17 years, who underwent full‐night PSG. The primary goal was to determine the association between asthma, obesity, and sOSA (apnea‐hypopnea index ≥10). We used multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate these associations after controlling for covariates. A P value of ≤.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe study included 367 children (mean [standard deviation] age 14 years (1.7), 56% male, 43% Hispanic). The prevalence of asthma was 188 of 367 (52%); obesity was 197 of 367 (54%); and sOSA was 109 of 367 (30%). sOSA was less likely in asthmatics (coefficient = −0.59; standard error [SE] = 0.23; P = .01; odds ratio [OR] = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34 to 0.88) and more likely with obesity (coefficient = 0.89; SE = 0.24; P < .001; OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.5 to 3.9). The presence of asthma reduced the likelihood of sOSA by an average of 14% among obese patients and 9% among nonobese patients. These associations held even after controlling for age, sex, race, income, and tonsillar hypertrophy.ConclusionThe presence of asthma reduced, whereas obesity increased the likelihood of sOSA among a large cohort of older children referred for PSG. These relationships were additive. Further research is indicated regarding these relationships.Level of Evidence3bLaryngoscope, 130:812–817, 2020
Stimulus‐Responsive Hydrogel for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery
Authors: Lin Deqing , Lei Lei , Shi Shuai , Li Xingyi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBlindness and vision impairment are major global health problems. Effective ophthalmic drug delivery poses a significant challenge because of protective physiological barriers and various biological clearance mechanisms that result in extremely low ocular bioavailability. Over the past several decades, several safe and effective ophthalmic drug delivery approaches have been promoted to combat these problems and to improve ocular bioavailability. Among these approaches, the stimulus‐responsive hydrogel for topical drug delivery has gained increasing attention because of its prolonged drug retention at the local site and enhanced ocular bioavailability. This review summarizes and presents recent advances and perspectives of a stimulus‐responsive hydrogel for ophthalmic drug delivery.
Factorials and the finite sequences of sets
Authors: Sonpanow Nattapon , Vejjajiva Pimpen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe write for the cardinality of the set of finite sequences of a set which is of cardinality . With the Axiom of Choice (), for every infinite cardinal where is the cardinality of the permutations on a set which is of cardinality . In this paper, we show that “ for every cardinal ” is provable in and this is the best possible result in the absence of . Similar results are also obtained for : the cardinality of the set of finite sequences without repetition of a set which is of cardinality .
On probing intravoxel incoherent motion in the heart‐spin‐echo versus stimulated‐echo DWI
Authors: Spinner Georg R. , Stoeck Christian T. , Mathez Linda , von Deuster Constantin , Federau Christian , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

PurposeMapping intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in the heart remains challenging despite advances in cardiac DWI and DTI. In the present work, simulations and experimental imaging are used to compare the IVIM encoding efficiency of spin‐echo– and stimulated‐echo–based DWI/DTI for assessing myocardial perfusion.MethodsUsing normalized phase distributions and statistical models of capillary networks derived from histological studies, along with typical diffusion gradient waveforms for in vivo cardiac DWI/DTI, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The simulation results were compared to IVIM measurements of perfused porcine hearts regarding both magnitude and phase modulation. An IVIM tensor model was used to account for anisotropy of the capillary network, and potential bias of parameter estimation was reported based on simulations.ResultsBoth computer simulations and experimental data demonstrate a low sensitivity of spin‐echo DWI/DTI sequences for IVIM parameters, whereas stimulated‐echo–based DWI/DTI with typical mixing times can differentiate between no‐flow baseline and perfused myocardium (+129% IVIM‐derived flow). In addition, ischemic territories induced by coronary occlusion could be successfully detected. With increasing order of motion compensation (M0/M1/M2) of the diffusion encoding gradients, as required for cardiac in vivo spin‐echo DWI/DTI, the low IVIM sensitivity of spin‐echo DWI/DTI decreased further in simulations: maximum attenuations of perfusion compartment 52/13/5% (b = 500 s/mm2).ConclusionGiven the short encoding time of spin‐echo–based DWI/DTI sequences, a limited perfusion sensitivity results, in particular in combination with motion‐compensated diffusion gradients. In contrast, stimulated‐echo based DWI/DTI has the potential to identify perfusion changes in cardiac IVIM in vivo.
Effects of Targeted Versus Adjustable Protein Fortification of Breast Milk on Early Growth in Very Low‐Birth‐Weight Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bulut Ozgul , Coban Asuman , Uzunhan Ozan , Ince Zeynep 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundBreast milk is preferred for the feeding of very low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) infants, but it does not meet nutrition requirements unless it is fortified. Adequate protein intake to maintain the growth of preterm infants cannot be provided by standard fortification methods because of variation in the protein content of human milk. Individualization is necessary to achieve target protein intakes. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of 2 different methods of individualized protein fortification of breast milk on the early growth of VLBW preterm infants.MethodsIn a prospective observational study, VLBW preterm infants ≤32 weeks of gestational age were randomized into 2 groups according to the method of breast milk fortification. Anthropometric measurements were performed in both groups weekly for 4 weeks to compare their growth.ResultsDuring the trial period, the daily protein intake (targeted vs adjustable fortification groups) was (median [range]) 4.5 (4.4–4.6) vs 4.01 (3.5–4.4) g/kg/d (P = 0.001); the daily weight gains (g/d and g/kg/d; mean ± SD) were 25.7 ± 3.9 vs 22.2 ± 6.4 g/d (P = 0.048) and 23.1 ± 4.3 vs 18.7 ± 4.3 g/kg/d (P = 0.014); and the weekly increase in head circumference was 9.8 ± 1.5 vs 8.4 ± 2.1 mm/wk (P = 0.040). All parameters were significantly higher in the targeted than the adjustable fortification group.ConclusionsIndividualized protein fortification using the targeted method for VLBW preterm infants had more positive effects on short‐term growth compared with the adjustable fortification method.
Normal forms for multi‐input flat systems of minimal differential weight
Authors: Nicolau Florentina , Respondek Witold 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWe present normal forms for nonlinear control systems that are the closest to static feedback linearizable ones, that is, for systems that become feedback linearizable via the simplest dynamic feedback, which is the one‐fold prolongation of a suitably chosen control. They form a particular class of flat systems, namely those of differential weight n + m + 1, where n is the number of states and m is the number of controls. We also show that the dynamic feedback may create singularities in the control space depending on the state and we discuss them. We also address the issue of the normalization of the system only versus that of the system together with a flat output. Finally, we illustrate our results by several examples.
Reductive Heck Reaction: An Emerging Alternative in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Tapas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed cross coupling reactions are efficient synthetic methods and developing continuously for the synthesis of diverse range of heterocycles, found in wide range of natural products. Among others, reductive Heck reaction has elegantly been employed to access various natural products. This review article covers the updated summary of relevant literature on the application of reductive Heck reaction for the synthesis of natural products. Discussion on the underlying mechanistic rationale has also been included wherever felt necessary.
Basic Ionic Liquid [DPPA] Cl− Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluorescent 3‐ Acetoacetyl −6‐ aryldiazenyl‐ coumarins
Authors: Korade Suyog N. , Pore Dattaprasad M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn efficient basic ionic liquid 1‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]‐2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10‐octahydro‐1H‐pyrimido[1,2‐a]azepin‐5‐ium chloride, [DPPA] Cl− is designed for the convenient synthesis of diversely functionalized 3‐ acetoacetyl −6‐ aryldiazenyl‐ coumarins from 5‐aryldiazenyl salicylaldehydes and 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyrone in ethanol‐water mixed solvent system. The synergic effect of DBU nucleus and tethered basic dimethylaminopropyl chain facilitates efficient catalysis of the reaction. Novelty of method is synthesis of highly conjugated molecular scaffold with the assistance of hybrid reusable basic ionic liquid, atom economy, wide substrate scope, short reaction time, high yields and use of eco‐benign ethanol‐water mixed solvent system, etc. The synthesized compounds exhibit fluorescence properties that could unlock the window for their use as a fluorescent material.
New Revolution in Biaryl Synthesis: Transition Metal‐Free C–C Bond Formation Promoted by the Mixture of 2‐Mercaptoethanol/KOH/DMSO
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Taherinia Zahra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis research project introduced a novel transition metal‐free C−C coupling reaction that is believed to be a new revolution in Suzuki type reactions. Carbon‐carbon bond formation can be promoted by a mixture of 2‐mercaptoethanol/KOH/DMSO without the aid of any transition metals. It has been suggested that this reaction proceeds through radical species, hence the electron transfer route is suggested for the operation during the oxidation of 2‐mercaptoethanol in DMSO.
The effects of perceived discrimination and city identity on the social adaptation of migrant children in public and private schools
Authors: Yang Jiahui , Liu Xin , Zhao Feifei , Wang Lijing , Liu Xia , Zhou Hanwen , Shi Baoguo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of migrant children's perceived discrimination on their social adaptation and the moderating effect of their city identity. In addition, differences in the relationships among the aforementioned variables were compared across two school types in terms of public schools and privately operated migrant schools. A cluster sampling method was used to survey 410 junior high school students in China using the Social Adaptation Assessment Questionnaire, the Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire for Individuals, and the City Identity Questionnaire as measures. Results showed that perceived discrimination significantly and negatively affected the social adaptation of migrant children. The relationship between perceived discrimination and social adaptation was moderated by the city identity of migrant children in private schools but not by those in public schools. Under the condition of high or medium city identity, discrimination negatively predicts social adaptation; under the condition of low city identity, however, discrimination does not predict social adaptation. In conclusion, perceived discrimination is an important factor regarding the social adaptation of migrant children, and their relationships vary by different types of city identity and schools.
Hierarchical NiO@N‐Doped Carbon Microspheres with Ultrathin Nanosheet Subunits as Excellent Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhan Wenwen , Yuan Yusheng , Sun Liming , Yuan Yaya , Han Xiguang , Zhao Yanli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAchieving highly efficient hierarchical photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution is always challenging. Herein, hierarchical mesoporous NiO@N‐doped carbon microspheres (HNINC) are successfully fabricated with ultrathin nanosheet subunits as high‐performance photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. The unique architecture of N‐doped carbon layers and hierarchical mesoporous structures from HNINC could effectively facilitate the separation and transfer of photo‐induced electron–hole pairs and afford rich active sites for photocatalytic reactions, leading to a significantly higher H2 production rate than NiO deposited with platinum. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the migration path of the photo‐generated electron transfer is from Ni 3d and O 2p hybrid states of NiO to the C 2p state of graphite, while the photo‐generated holes locate at Ni 4s and Ni 4p hybrid states of NiO, which is beneficial to improve the separation of photo‐generated electron–hole pairs. Gibbs free energy of the intermediate state for hydrogen evolution reaction is calculated to provide a fundamental understanding of the high H2 production rate of HNINC. This research sheds light on developing novel photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution.