bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA fingerprint and diversity in aromatic rice by Gn1 gene linked SSR markers
Authors: Haque MS , Tabassum T , Saha NR , Islam MS 
Published: May 2019

Number of grains per panicle is a limiting factor for the yield of aromatic rice. Toovercome this limitation, itmight behelpful to screenaromatic rice using markers linked to grain number.In this study, an elementary DNA fingerprinting database of the nine aromatic rice cultivars was built using four SSR primer pairs linked to Gn1 gene responsible for grain number in rice. For genotyping of aromatic rice cultivars, DNA was extracted from leaf samples using IRRI standard protocol. Allele scoring was done by using a computer based program Alpha Ease FC 4.0 and data were analyzed by Power Marker version 3.25 software. Nei’s genetic distance value and similarity werecomputed. From the analysis, it was found that a total of 21 alleles were detected with an average number of 5.25 alleles per locus having PIC values ranging from 0.3402 (RM5493) to 0.7883 (RM3452) and the average value 0.6629. The highest gene diversity (0.8148) was observed in loci RM3452,and the lowest gene diversity (0.3404) was observed in loci RM5493.From the study, it can be stated that all of the aromatic rice germplasm have bands of the gene that influence the grain but they showed genetic variability.Information obtained from genotyping of varieties helped to analyze the genetic diversity within and among closely related crop varieties which has the potential for crop improvement and to meet the diverse goals like producing cultivars with increased yield of aromatic rice.
Progressive Agriculture 29 (4): 336-344, 2018
Šuolio iš vietos aukščio vertinimo skirtingais metodais palyginimas
Authors: Muckus Kazimieras 
Published: May 2019

Šio tyrimo tikslas — išsiaiškinti, ar šuolio aukštis, apskaičiuotas iš lėkimo trukmės, gali būti vartojamas žmonių šoklu-mui vertinti. Kėlėme tokius uždavinius: 1) ištirti, kaip siejasi šuolio aukščio įvertis, nustatytas iš žemės reakcijos jėgos ir lėkimo trukmės; 2) nustatyti daromą paklaidą vertinant šuolio aukštį iš lėkimo trukmės. Išanalizavome 116 šuolio dinamogramų. Iš jų 80 atsitiktinai parinktos antro kurso studentų, 36 — jaunimo rinktinės rankininkų. Šuoliai buvo atliekami pritupiant, rankos laikomos ant klubų. Kojos per kelius sulenkiamos 90° kampu. Rankininkai turėjo pašokti kuo aukščiau, tuo tarpu studentams nekėlėme šio reikalavimo, kadangi tyrimo uždavinys buvo ne palyginti atskirų tiriamųjų grupių šoklumo rezultatus, o nustatyti, kaip šuolio dinamogramos vieni dydžiai siejasi su kitais. Šuoliai buvo atliekami ant jėgos plokštės MA-1, kuria registravome žemės reakcijos jėgos vertikaliąją dedamąją. Vertinome tokius dydžius: lėkimo trukmę; vertikalųjį masės centro (MC) greitį atitrūkimo nuo žemės momentu; MC pakilimą atitrūkimo nuo žemės momentu (s at ); šuolio aukštį, surandamą dukart integruojant jėgos kreivę (h F ); šuolio aukštį, surandamą iš lėkimo trukmės (h lėk ). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad h lėk yra vidutiniškai 14,1 cm mažesnis už h F . Ši dydžio s at vertė artima 13,8 cm. Regresinė analizė parodė, kad abiem būdais rastas šuolio aukštis labai priklauso nuo MC pakilimo atitrūkimo nuo žemės momentu, t. y. aukščiau šokant daugiau pakeliamas ir kulnas. Šuolio aukštis, apskaičiuotas iš lėkimo laiko, labai gerai koreliuoja su aukščiu, nustatytu integruojant jėgos kreivę (r = 0,95; p < 0,001). Atlikę lie-kamųjų paklaidų analizę gavome, kad h F 95% prognozės intervalas yra ± 0,100 m. Taigi pasikliaudami 95% galime teigti, kad pagal regresijos lygtį suradus šuolio aukštį h F , jis nuo h lėk skirsis ± 10 cm. Išvada: šuolio aukščio įvertinimas iš lėkimo trukmės yra labai netikslus, ir šis būdas negali būti taikomas vertinant sportininkų šoklumą.Raktažodžiai: vertikalus šuolis, palyginimas, metodai, šuolio aukštis.
Laisvalaikiu besimankštinančių asmenų maisto papildų, mažinančių kūno masę, vartojimas: susijusių veiksnių analizė
Authors: Jankauskienė Rasa , Kairaitis Ramutis 
Published: May 2019

Maisto papildų, mažinančių kūno masę, vartojimas gali būti žalingas sveikatai dėl abejotino kai kurių preparatų veiksmingumo ir saugumo. Nepaisant to, nuo 7 iki 33% amerikiečių yra bent kartą gyvenime vartoję šiuos preparatus. Jų vartojimo paplitimas besimankštinančių populiacijose nežinomas, nors yra studijų, nurodančių, kad kas antras sportuotojas vartoja maisto papildus. Tyrimų, nagrinėjančių šių maisto papildų vartojimo paplitimą, yra nepakanka-mai, dar mažiau jų atlikta analizuojant šių preparatų vartojimo ryšius su mankštinimosi motyvacijos, tikslų ir nerimo dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo veiksniais. Tyrimo tikslas — nustatyti sveikatingumo centruose besimankštinančių asmenų maisto papildų, mažinančių kūno masę vartojimo paplitimą ir atlikti susijusių veiksnių analizę. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas 11 šalies sveikatingumo centrų, taikant anketavimo metodą. Išanalizuoti 217 tiriamųjų (iš jų — 66 moterys) duomenys, amžiaus vidurkis — 29,02 ± 9,9 m. Anketą sudarė demograﬁ nių, su mankštinimusi ir kūno masę mažinančių maisto papildų (MP) vartojimu susijusių klausimų blokas. Mankštinimosi motyvai buvo nustatomi remiantis klausimynu (angl. Motives for Physical Activity Measure — Revised, MPAM — R) (Frederick, Ryan, 1993). Nerimas dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo (NSIP) buvo nustatytas Nerimo dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo skale (angl. Social Physique Anxiety Scale) (Hart et al., 1989).Iš visos tiriamosios imties MP per pastaruosius du mėnesius vartojo 16,3% respondentų, daugiau moterų negu vyrų (p = 0,01). Išoriniai mankštinimosi motyvai nebuvo susiję su dažnesniu maisto papildų vartojimu. Logistinė regresinė analizė atskleidė, kad kontroliuojant lyties efektą NSIP ir mankštinimosi dėl riebalų mažinimo tikslas buvo susiję su dažnesniu maisto papildų vartojimu (p < 0,05).Besimankštinantys asmenys kūno masę kontroliuoja sveikatai žalingu būdu, todėl būtina stiprinti jo prevenciją ma-žinant besimankštinančių asmenų nerimą dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo ir mankštinimosi dėl riebalų mažinimo motyvų sureikšminimą. Rezultatų negalima apibendrinti dėl mažos tiriamųjų imties, reikalingi tolesni tyrimai.Raktažodžiai: maisto papildai, mankštinimosi motyvai, nerimas dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo.
Širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos rodiklių kaitos ypatybės atliekant kartotinius dozuotus fizinius krūvius
Authors: Poderienė Kristina , Miseckaitė Birutė , Lagūnavičienė Nijolė , Poderys Jonas 
Published: May 2019

Nė vienas kraujotakos reguliavimo mechanizmas neveikia atskirai, o tik sinergiškai sąveikaudamas su visuma ar kaip kitų reguliavimo mechanizmų dalis, veikdama pastarųjų jautrumą. Todėl svarbu pažinti šių sąveikų poreiškį ﬁ zinio krūvio metu. Tyrimo tikslas — nustatyti centrinių ir periferinių širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos (ŠKS) reakcijų kaitos ypatybes atliekant kartotinius dozuoto ﬁ zinio krūvio mėginius.Buvo tiriamos keturios grupės: pirma — nesportuojančių merginų; antra — nesportuojančių vaikinų; trečia — grei-tumą lavinančių sportininkų; ketvirta — ištvermę lavinančių sportininkų. Visi tiriamieji atliko tris Rufjė ﬁ zinio krūvio mėginius, darydami dviejų minučių atsigavimo pertrauką tarp jų. Tyrimo metu buvo registruojama 12 standartinių derivacijų elektrokardiograma (EKG, vertinant širdies susitraukimų dažnio, JT intervalo trukmės ir JT / RR intervalų santykio pokyčius). Deguonies įsotinimo kaita šlaunies raumenyje (StO 2 ) buvo registruojama neinvaziniu artimosios infraraudonosios spektroskopijos būdu panaudojant Hutchinson technologinę įrangą (modelis 325).Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad abiejose nesportuojančių asmenų grupėse kiekvieno kito dozuoto ﬁ zinio krūvio metu EKG rodikliai pakisdavo vis labiau, kai tuo tarpu sprinto ir ištvermės grupėse tokio reikšmingo EKG rodiklių didėjimo nebuvo. StO 2 kaitos vertinimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad kartotinių krūvių efektas pasireiškė visose tirtose grupėse, tačiau didesnis krūvio sumavimosi efektais pastebėtas tarp nesportuojančiųjų. Taigi galima daryti išvadas, kad kas dvi minutes atliekant kartotinius Rufjė ﬁ zinio krūvio mėginius daugumos ŠKS funkcinių rodiklių kaita rodo suminį ﬁ zinio krūvio efektą. Periferiniai ŠKS pokyčiai atsiranda pirmiau ir lemia centrinių ŠKS funkcinių rodiklių kaitą, kurios sinerginės ypatybės susijusios su adaptacija prie ﬁ zinių krūvių.Raktažodžiai: dozuoto krūvio mėginys, širdies ir kraujagyslių sistema, deguonies įsotinimas raumenyse.
Physical Education Teachers’ Perceptions of School Health Education and Social Support for It: Results of the Pilot Study
Authors: Jankauskienė Rasa , Miežienė Brigita 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Health education (HE) is integrated in various modules especially in biology and physical education (PE). Therefore the quality and effectiveness of integrated health education should be analyzed systematically. Research aim. The aim of the study was to examine PE teachers’ perception of health education and social support for HE at their schools. Research methods. The data of convenience sample consisting of 70 physical education teachers (62% were women) from one of the largest Lithuanian cities were analyzed. Respondents ranged in age from 25 to 69 years, average age was 45 ± 11 years. 44.8 percent of participants indicated that they work at school which belongs to the SHE (School for Health in Europe) network. Anonymous questionnaire was developed to assess PE teachers’ health education perceptions and attitudes towards HE. Research results. Only one of ten physical education teachers understood conception of HE and correctly deﬁ ned its main goal. Neither teachers from schools within the SHE network, nor the ones who began their career after Independence fundamentally differed in their understanding and attitudes towards HE from teachers who did not belong to the SHE network or began their carrier before Independence. The ﬁ ndings of the current study demonstrated that in this sample PE teachers’ behavior change – related competencies were not well-developed for the implementation of effective and safe HE. Discussion and conclusions. This pilot study showed that HE perception of PE teachers’ was incorrect and their attitude towards health education should be optimized. No important differences were observed between HE perceptions of teachers in regard of school belonging to SHE network. PE teachers working in SHE school network reported higher social support for HE activities.Keywords: health education, physical education, instrumental competencies.
Relationship between Physical Activity and Health-Related Physical Fitness in 16-Year-Old Boys
Authors: Rutkauskaitė Renata , Emeljanovas Arūnas , Volbekienė Vida , Sadzevičienė Rita , Maciulevičienė Edita , Batutis Olegas , Gruodytė Rita 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. It is well established that regular physical activity (PA) has many short- and long-term beneﬁ ts for children’s health. Physically active children are more physically ﬁ t than their physically inactive counterparts. Insufﬁ cient physical ﬁ tness of adolescents is one of the risk factors for chronic diseases and has a tendency to be carried over into adulthood. Research aim was to examine health-related physical ﬁ tness in low, moderate and vigorous physical activity categories among 16-year-old schoolboys.Research methods. The participants were 155 healthy schoolboys of the 10 th grade from secondary schools of Kaunas (Lithuania). Their physical activity was measured by a modiﬁ ed short form of the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) (Craig et al., 2003). The respondents were divided in three PA categories: high (vigorous) (VPA) (n = 43), moderate (MPA) (n = 63), and low (LPA) (n = 49). Physical ﬁ tness tests were performed to measure participants’ ﬂ exibility (by sit-and-reach test) (Euroﬁ t, 1993), power (by vertical jump test), and muscular strength and endurance (by modiﬁ ed push-up test) (Suni et al., 1994). Research results. There were no signiﬁ cant differences between the boys in different PA groups in respect of anthropometrical and body composition parameters (p > 0.05). The results of health-related physical ﬁ tness tests were signiﬁ cantly better of the VPA group boys (p < 0.05). The total volume of PA correlated with all health-related physical ﬁ tness components that were measured (r = 0.23–0.38, p < 0.01). Discusion and conclussions. We may conclude that health-related physical ﬁ tness is positively related to the total amount of physical activity in 16-year-old schoolboys.Keywords: frequency, duration, intensity, volume, physical activity, physical fitness.
The Analysis of Proprioception Alteration during First Five Months after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Jurevičienė Vilma , Skurvydas Albertas , Belickas Juozas , Bušmanienė Giedra , Kielė Dovilė , Česnaitis Tadas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Proprioception is important in the prevention of injuries as reduced proprioception is one of the factors contributing to injury in the knee joint, particularly the ACL. Therefore, proprioception appears not only important for the prevention of ACL injuries, but also for regaining full function after ACL reconstruction.Research aim. The aim of this study was to understand how proprioception is recovered four and five months after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Research methods. The study included 15 male subjects (age – 33.7 ± 2.49 years) who had undergone unilateral ACL reconstruction with a semitendinosus/gracilis (STG) graft in Kaunas Clinical Hospital. For proprioceptive assessment, joint position sense (JPS) was measured on both legs using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex), at knee flexion of 60° and 70°, and at different knee angular velocities of 2°/s and 10°/s. The patients were assessed preoperatively and after 4 and 5 months, postoperatively.Research results. Our study has shown that the JPS’s (joint position sense) error scores to a controlled active movement is significantly higher in injured ACL-deficient knee than in the contralateral knee (normal knee) before surgery and after four and five months of rehabilitation. After 4 and 5 months of rehabilitation we found significantly lower values in injured knees compared to the preoperative data. Our study has shown that in injured knee active angle reproduction errors after 4 and 5 months of rehabilitation were higher compared with the ones of the uninjured knee. Proprioceptive ability on the both legs was independent of all differences angles for target and starting position for movement. The knee joint position sense on both legs depends upon the rate of two different angular velocities and the mean active angle reproduction errors at the test of angular velocity slow speed was the highest compared with the fast angular velocity. Discussion and conclusions. In conclusion, our study shows that there was improvement in mean JPS 4 and 5 months after ACL reconstruction, but it did not return to normal indices.Keywords: knee joint, joint position sense, angular velocity, starting position for movement.
Relationship between Sports Experience and Anthropometric Indices and Sport Performance in World Women’s Handball Championship’2009
Authors: Kniubaitė Audinga , Skarbalius Antanas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. The increasing demand for ever higher top level has meant greater interest and research into the factors which influence performance and sporting achievements. Handball is a complex sport whereby performance can be analyzed and presented in a variety of ways. We hypothesized that teams with players with higher anthropometric indices and greater sporting experience had better possibilities in winning a match-play. Research aim was to assess the interaction between players’ height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), age, sports experience and sport performance in the World Women’s Handball Championship’2009 (WWHC’2009). Research methods. The data sets were collected from the IHF website (http//www.ihf.info). We analyzed the height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), sporting experience (international matches played and goals scored) of 390 players as well as their influence on winning points (Pearson’s correlation) and final ranking position (Spearman’s Correlation) of WWHC’2009.Research results. Champions from Russia, the first four seat players and European women players were greater in body size (height, body mass), and sports experience. Discussion and conclusions. Teams composed of players with greater experience had more possibilities to win (r = 0.719; p < 0.001; Y = 0.1571x + 4.9104; r² = 0.5183), but body mass had negative influence (r = 0.317; Y = 0.5353x – 25.598; r² = 0.1008) as well as BMI (r = –0.3300.; Y = –2.0762x + 57.273; r² = 0.1089). The height of players had moderate influence (r = 0.551; p < 0.001) on wining a match-play. It should be noted that the players in the last elite-level competition (European Women’s Handball Championship’2010) showed the same tendency and were taller and heavier than the players of WWHC’2009.Keywords: Women’s Handball, body mass, height.
Comparative Analysis of Learning Speed and Accuracy Movements for Healthy Persons and Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mickevičienė Dalia , Švedaitė Neringa , Skurvydas Albertas , Karanauskienė Diana , Mickevičius Mantas , Ruseckienė Daiva 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Probability learning theory suggests that repeating the same movements many times we learn the way the movement is performed with some degree of probability. We suppose that persons with multiple sclerosis learn speed and accuracy movements slower than healthy persons.Research aim was to establish and compare the learning peculiarities of speed and accuracy movements for healthy persons and persons with multiple sclerosis performing a task – five sets of 20 repetitions. Research methods. The sample of the research included 12 healthy persons and 10 persons with multiple sclerosis. The study was conducted using Dynamic Parameter Analyzer DPA-1 for arm and leg movements. Research results showed that multiple sclerosis had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the average speed of movement (Va), maximal speed of movement (Vm), time to maximal speed (TVm), and time to target (Tv). Discussion and conclusions. Learning effect occurred in the course of the whole task, and it was the same for both persons with multiple sclerosis and healthy persons. Research results showed that learning dynamics was almost the same for persons with multiple sclerosis and healthy persons, but the indices of MS persons were worse, i. e. they performed movements slower and with greater variability compared to healthy persons.Keywords: reaction time, manual task, complexity of the task, movement learning.
Cardiovascular Adjustments during Graded Exercise Stress
Authors: Poderys Jonas , Buliuolis Alfonsas , Papievienė Vilma 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Cardiac function provides an adequate blood supply to all organs thus changes in the performance and functional state of cardiac muscles during exercising are very important.Research aim. The aim of the study was to find out the peculiarities in adjustment of cardiovascular system in dependence on the type of adaptation to physical loads during graded stress.Research methods. The study participants, 17 non-athletes, 23 endurance, 19 sprint and 21 combat sport athletes, underwent a bicycle ergometry of incremental increase in provocative workload (graded stress). A 12-lead ECG was reordered and a computerized program allowed to measure ECG parameter, the ratio of JT/RR intervals and the velocity of adaptation of cardiovascular system to exercising (V Ad ), by calculating the difference between the relative changes of JT interval and RR interval as a difference: V Ad . = (JTi/JT0) 100% – (RRi/RR0) 100%.Research results. No significant functional ischemia was found in endurance cohort during the graded stress while it was expressed in non-athletes’ cohort and slightly smaller in sprint and combat cohorts. Maximal values of other ECG or ABP parameters registered during graded stress did not reveal significant differences between cohorts.Discussion and conclusions. Functional ischemia is an important factor limiting muscular and cardiac performance during the graded exercise stress. The exercise type plays a significant role in developing the velocity of adaptation of cardiovascular system at onset of exercising. Faster adaptation at onset of exercise is more characteristic of sprint and combat sports than representatives of endurance or non-athletes.Keywords: cardiovascular system, adaptation, functional ischemia.
Measuring the Complexity of a Physiological Time Series: a Review
Authors: Pukėnas Kazimieras , Poderys Jonas , Gulbinas Remigijus 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Complex Systems Theory indeed is a solid basis for a scientific approach in the analysis of living, learning, and evolving systems. A number of different entropy estimators have been applied to physiological time series attempting to quantify its complexity. Research aim. The aim of the paper is to review most popular complexity estimators (entropies) applied in biological, medical, sport and exercise sciences and their performances.Research results. Various measures of complexity were developed by scientists to compare time series and distinguish regular (e. g. periodic), chaotic, and random behavior. In this paper a brief review of most popular complexity estimators – Sample Entropy, Control Entropy, Spectral Entropy, Wavelet Entropy, Singular-Value Decomposition Entropy, Permutation Entropy, Base-Scale Entropy, Entropy based on Lempel-Ziv algorithm – and their performances is presented. In biological applications they are used to distinguish peculiarities in behavior of biological systems or may serve as non-invasive, objective means of determining physiological changes under steady or non-steady state conditions.Discussion and conclusions. The choice of a particular entropy estimator is determined by the goal type, the capability of estimators in characterizing the constraints on a physiological time series, its robustness to noise considering the above-mentioned advantages and disadvantages of particular algorithms. It is difficult to apply analytical solutions in the analysis of behavior of living, learning, and evolving systems and new approaches and solutions remain on the agenda.Keywords: physiological time series, complexity, entropy.