bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcutta ‘In These Degenerate Days’: The Daniells' Visions of Life, Death and Nabobery in Late Eighteenth‐Century British India
Authors: Rasico Patrick D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article examines how the British landscape artists Thomas and William Daniell composed and circulated aquatints depicting the European sector of Calcutta in 1786‐8. The Daniells' streetscapes challenged metropolitan stereotypes and condemnation of Europeans in India. During the eighteenth century Britons described the otherness of both Indians and the lower orders of Britain in terms of oriental qualities. These aquatints presented visual equivalences between the Britishness and orientalness of Calcutta and London. By mystifying dissimilarities between London and Calcutta, the Daniells' aquatints suggested to viewers that the two cities and their populations were intertwined branches of a global British social landscape.
Indocyanine green fluorescence/thermography evaluation of intercostal muscle flap vascularization
Authors: Kawamoto Nobutaka , Anayama Takashi , Okada Hironobu , Hirohashi Kentaro , Miyazaki Ryohei , Yamamoto Marino , Kume Motohiko , Orihashi Kazumasa 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundDuring anatomical lung resection in high‐risk patients, the bronchial stump is covered with tissue flaps (e.g. pericardial fat tissue and intercostal muscle) to prevent bronchopleural fistula development. This is vital for reliable reinforcement of the bronchial stump. We evaluated the blood supply of the flap using indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG‐FL) and thermography intraoperatively in 27 patients at high risk for developing a bronchopleural fistula.MethodsBefore reinforcing the stump with a flap, the fluorescence agent was intravenously injected and the blood supply was evaluated. The surface temperature of the flap was measured with thermography. The two modalities were then compared.ResultsICG‐FL intensity and surface temperature on the distal compared to the proximal side of the flap decreased by 32.6 ± 29.4% (P < 0.0001) and 3.5 ± 2.0°C (P < 0.0001), respectively. In patients with a higher ICG‐FL intensity value at the tip than the median, the surface temperature at the tip decreased by 2.7 ± 1.7°C compared to the proximal side. In patients with a lower ICG‐FL value at the tip, the surface temperature decreased by 4.6 ± 1.7°C (P = 0.0574). The bronchial stump reinforced the part of the flap with adequate blood supply; none of the patients developed a bronchopleural fistula.ConclusionsICG‐FL confirmed variation in the blood supply of the intercostal muscle flap, even if prepared using the same surgical procedure. Thermography analysis tends to correlate with the fluorescence method, but may be influenced by the state of flap preservation during surgery.
The Relation between Strategy, CEO Selection, and Firm Performance
Authors: Abernethy Margaret A. , Kuang Yu Flora , Qin Bo 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTWe examine whether a firm's strategic priorities influence its selection of a new CEO and what conditions enable such an appointment to add value to the firm. More specifically, this study investigates the value‐adding effect when prospector firms (i.e., those pursuing a prospector‐type strategy) select a CEO with high social capital. We argue that uncertainty, driven by a firm's strategy, will determine the decision to select a CEO with high social capital; such CEOs can use their networks to mitigate the uncertainty and thus can be valuable to the firm. However, prior research indicates that CEOs with high social capital can engage in behavior detrimental to firm value. To mitigate the potential for this to occur, we assess whether corporate governance can play a role in prospector firms who appoint CEOs with high social capital. Drawing on archival data of CEO successions over a 14‐year period, we find that prospector firms have greater incentives to appoint CEOs with high social capital. We also find that prospector firms who appoint a CEO with high social capital improve their performance. Furthermore, the value‐adding effect of this selection choice is stronger in prospector firms with good corporate governance.
Simultaneous laparoscopic left hemicolectomy and spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy for descending colon cancer with pancreatic invasion
Authors: Nagasaki Toshiya , Mise Yoshihiro , Honma Satoru , Sato Takafumi , Akiyoshi Takashi , Fukunaga Yosuke , Tominaga Tetsuro , Nagaoka Tomoyuki , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Ueno Masashi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHere, we describe laparoscopic colectomy with spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy for descending colon cancer with pancreatic tail invasion. A 69‐year‐old man with descending colon cancer staged as clinical state IIIC (cT4b [pancreas] N1M0) underwent definitive laparoscopic surgery that was performed in collaboration with surgeons who specialize in laparoscopic colorectal and hepatobiliary‐pancreatic laparoscopy. After the left colon was mobilized, tumor infiltration of the pancreas, but not the splenic vessels, was confirmed, and the spleen was preserved. The procedures were safely completed laparoscopically, without intraoperative and postoperative complications. Laparoscopic multivisceral resection could be a treatment option for similar patients but only when performed by multidisciplinary specialists.
“There is no time for rest”: Gendered CSR, sustainable development and the unpaid care work governance gap
Authors: McCarthy Lauren 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnpaid care work, including child care, elder care, and housework, is unremunerated work essential to human survival and flourishing. Worldwide, women disproportionally carry out this work, impacting upon their ability to engage in other activities, such as education, employment, or leisure. Despite a growing number of businesses engaging in “gendered CSR,” in the form of women's empowerment projects, attention to unpaid care work remains little discussed in the literature, despite its importance to sustainable development. Applying Diane Elson's feminist economic framework for alleviating unpaid care work inequality to a case study of gendered CSR in Ghana, I find that at present unpaid care work is (a) unrecognised in business’ CSR, (b) may be both reduced or exacerbated by CSR efforts, and (c) remains conceptualised as relevant only to the private sphere, therefore, missing a unique opportunity for business to contribute to gender equality and sustainable development. Connecting unpaid care work and business responsibility contributes to a more expansive understanding of what CSR may be.
Responsive learning design: Epistemic fluency and generative pedagogical practices
Authors: Mor Yishay , Abdu Rotem 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeveral decades of research and development have produced a rich ecology of technologies designed to support active, collaborative constructionist pedagogical practices. Nevertheless, many teachers are reluctant to use these technologies in their teaching or fail to devise learning designs which leverage their qualities. We argue that this tension reflects a dissonance between the epistemic practices (manners of constructing knowledge) implicit in teachers' pedagogical practices and the ones embodied in the technology. We demonstrate this argument in the case of Dynamic Mathematics Environments (DME) through the epistemic practice of identifying invariants, and its dynamic manifestation in the technology, and illustrate it further with examples from an online course on CSCL. For teachers to effectively design learning experiences in a technology rich environment, they need to develop their capacity to critically assess the epistemic and pedagogical practices associated with this environment, identify a set of target epistemic practices and carefully devise the pedagogical practices which will engender these. We call these “generative pedagogical practices.” To do so, teachers need to actively participate in activities that would provide them with opportunities to make that epistemic change: building, experimenting with and designing for learning in diverse environments. Sometimes, applying such an epistemic disposition, requires supressing old practices of activity design.
Faculty pedagogical developers as enablers of technology enhanced learning
Authors: Viberg Olga , Bälter Olle , Hedin Björn , Riese Emma , Mavroudi Anna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs the integration of digital technologies in higher education continues to increase, there is a need to understand how to best support university teachers as designers of technology‐enhanced learning (TEL) in order to support students to achieve academic success. In this study, we have examined the Faculty Pedagogical Developer Initiative at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, an innovative project to support a bottom‐up change process of teachers as designers of TEL, with the intent to strengthen the professional pedagogical development for the faculty. Data were collected from interviews and official documents. Actor–network theory was applied for the analysis. The results suggest that the initiative stimulated both practical implementation of digital technology in educational programmes and also spurred a debate about teachers as designers of TEL between these pedagogical developers and other teachers across different schools and subjects at KTH. However, there are important social, organisational and technical challenges that should be considered when developing support for university teachers as designers of TEL. This paper concludes that this process requires a deep understanding of four interrelated elements: information, technology, organisation and social arrangements.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Faculty interest in applying technology in innovative ways has evolved.
Teachers are rarely involved as participatory designers in the TEL contexts.
Collaboration among teachers in the TEL design process is an effective strategy.
What this paper adds

It uncovers dynamics of the bottom‐up change approach of university teachers as designers of TEL interventions.
An insight into how the available technology plays a part in transforming teachers’ practices.
Deeper knowledge about the usefulness of actor‐network theory in empirical HE research.
Implications for practice and/or policy

There is a need for a critical perspective on supporting university teachers as designers of TEL.
Bottom‐up approaches to the faculty pedagogical development in TEL should be continuously supported from the top.
Bottom‐up initiatives should be driven by teachers who are recognised for their teacher excellence and trusted among the faculty.
The diagnosis of asymptomatic disease is associated with fewer healthy days: A cross sectional analysis from the national health and nutrition examination survey
Authors: Hanmer Janel , Yu Lan , Li Jie , Kavalieratos Dio , Peterson Laurel , Hess Rachel 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of the diagnosis of asymptomatic disease on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).DesignSecondary analysis of a national data set.MethodWe analysed adult participants in the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the civilian non‐institutionalized US general population. Across three asymptomatic diseases (glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension), we examined four groups (without disease; with disease but no diagnosis; with disease and diagnosis but no treatment; and with disease, diagnosis, and treatment). For each asymptomatic disease, we examined group differences in self‐rated health (ordinal logistic regression) and Healthy Days outcomes (number of the last 30 days that physical health was not good, mental health was not good, or inactive; regression). Models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, insurance status, income, education, race, body mass index, and comorbid conditions.ResultsAnalyses included 6012 respondents (glucose intolerance), 2772 respondents (hyperlipidaemia), and 5524 respondents (hypertension). In adjusted models, those who did not know about their disease had the same self‐rated health scores as those without the disease, those with the disease without treatment, and those with disease and treatment. In adjusted analyses of the Healthy Days questions, those with unknown disease reported the same number of unhealthy days as those without disease with the exception of glucose intolerance. Conversely, in four of the nine possible comparisons, those with known disease without treatment reported more unhealthy days than those with who did not know about their disease.ConclusionsIn adjusted analyses, individuals knowing about their asymptomatic disease are more likely to experience decrements in healthy days compared to those without knowledge of their asymptomatic disease.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

There has been sparse evidence that diagnosis of asymptomatic diseases is related to reduced health‐related quality of life in population studies. Previous studies have included patients receiving treatment, which impedes the ability to isolate the effects of diagnosis from the effects of treatment.

What does this study add?

This report examines three asymptomatic health conditions: glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension.

Those who did not know about their health condition generally had the same health‐related quality of life scores as those without health conditions.

Conversely, those diagnosed with disease but not receiving treatment reported worse health‐related quality of life.
Inhibition of ferroptosis attenuates tissue damage and improves long‐term outcomes after traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Xie Bao‐Shu , Wang Yi‐Qin , Lin Yong , Mao Qing , Feng Jun‐Feng , Gao Guo‐Yi , Jiang Ji‐Yao 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAimsFerroptosis, a new form of iron‐dependent programmed cell death, has been shown to be involved in a range of diseases. However, the role of ferroptosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has yet to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate whether ferroptosis is induced after TBI and whether the inhibition of ferroptosis would protect against traumatic brain injury in a controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) mouse model.MethodsAfter establishing the TBI model in mice, we determined the biochemical and morphological changes associated with ferroptosis, including iron accumulation with Perl's staining, neuronal cell death with Fluoro‐Jade B (FJB) staining, iron metabolism dysfunction with Western blotting, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation with malondialdehyde (MDA) assays, and shrunken mitochondria with transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of ferroptosis, ferrostatin‐1(fer‐1), was administrated by cerebral ventricular injection after CCI. We used cresyl violet (CV) staining to assess lesion volume, along with the Morris water maze and beam walk test to evaluate long‐term outcomes.ResultsTBI was followed by iron accumulation, dysfunctional iron metabolism, the upregulation of ferroptosis‐related genes, reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and the accumulation of lipid‐reactive oxygen species (ROS). Three days (d) after TBI, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the mitochondria had shrunk a typical characteristic of ferroptosis. Importantly, the administration of Fer‐1 by cerebral ventricular injection significantly reduced iron deposition and neuronal degeneration while attenuating injury lesions and improving long‐term motor and cognitive function.ConclusionThis study demonstrated an effective method with which to treat TBI by targeting ferroptosis.
The Cognitive Underpinnings of Option Generation in Everyday Life Decision‐Making: A Latent Variable Analysis
Authors: Leder Johannes , Häusser Jan A. , Krumm Stefan , Germar Markus , Schlemmer Alexander , Kaiser Stefan , Kalis Annemarie , Mojzisch Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe ability to generate options for action is crucial for everyday life decision‐making. In this article, we propose and test a model of the cognitive underpinnings of option generation in everyday life situations. We carried out a laboratory study using measures of a wide range of cognitive functions and asked participants (N = 157) to generate options for actions for different everyday life decision‐making scenarios. The results of a latent variable analysis show that the cognitive underpinnings of option generation are consistent across different everyday life situations and, hence, option generation can be conceptualized as a general construct. Moreover, the results of a confirmatory factor analysis reveal that, when controlling for the shared variance among the cognitive processes assessed, verbal fluency, working memory capacity, ideation fluency, and processing speed predicted option generation. These findings suggest that option generation in everyday life situations can be distinguished from other cognitive constructs, such as divergent thinking (in terms of ideas’ originality) and long‐term memory.
James Lind Alliance research priorities: what role do carbohydrates, fats and proteins have in the management of Type 2 diabetes, and are there risks and benefits associated with particular approaches?
Authors: Dyson P. , McArdle P. , Mellor D. , Guess N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess the role played by carbohydrates, fat and proteins in the management of Type 2 diabetes.BackgroundDiabetes research tends to reflect the interests of academics or the pharmaceutical industry, rather than those of people living with Type 2 diabetes. The James Lind Alliance and Diabetes UK addressed this issue by defining the research priorities of people living with Type 2 diabetes. Three of the top 10 research priority questions focused on lifestyle.MethodsA narrative review was undertaken with a structured search strategy using three databases. Search terms included the three macronutrients and Type 2 diabetes. No restrictions were placed on macronutrient quantity or length of study follow‐up. Outcomes included changes in HbA1c, body weight, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk.ResultsThere is no strong evidence that there is an optimal ratio of macronutrients for improving glycaemic control or reducing cardiovascular risk. Challenges included defining the independent effect of macronutrient manipulation and identifying the effects of macronutrients, independent of foods and dietary patterns. Extreme intakes of macronutrients may be associated with health risks.ConclusionsIt is challenging to formulate food‐based guidelines from studies based on macronutrient manipulation. Structured education should be offered to support individuals in discovering their optimal, individual dietary approach. Recommendations for dietary guidelines should be expressed in terms of foods and not macronutrients.
Dose–response between frequency of interruption of sedentary time and fasting glucose, the dawn phenomenon and night‐time glucose in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Paing A. C. , McMillan K. A. , Kirk A. F. , Collier A. , Hewitt A. , Chastin S. F. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the dose–response between frequency of interruption of sedentary time and basal glucose (fasting glucose, the dawn phenomenon and night‐time glucose) in Type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn a randomized three‐treatment, two‐period balanced incomplete block trial, 12 people with Type 2 diabetes (age, 60.0 ± 3.2 years; BMI, 30.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2) completed two of three conditions: sitting for 7 h interrupted every 60 min (Condition 1), 30 min (Condition 2), and 15 min (Condition 3) by 3‐min light‐intensity walking breaks. The activPAL3 and FreeStyle Libre were used to assess physical activity/sedentary behaviour and continuous glucose profile. Standardized meals were provided, and changes in basal glucose of the nights and early mornings before and after treatment conditions were calculated (mean ± SE).ResultsAfter treatment conditions, fasting glucose and duration of the dawn phenomenon were lower for Condition 3 (−1.0 ± 0.2 mmol/l, P < 0.02; −3.1 ± 1.3 h, P = 0.004) compared with Condition 1 (−0.1 ± 0.2 mmol/l; 1.9 ± 1.2 h). The magnitude of the dawn phenomenon was reduced in Condition 3 (−0.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, P = 0.041) compared with Condition 2 (0.6 ± 0.3 mmol/l). Night‐time glycaemic variability (coefficient of variation) was reduced in Condition 3 (−9.7 ± 3.9%) relative to Condition 2 (6.1 ± 4.8%, P < 0.03) and Condition 1 (2.5 ± 1.8%, P = 0.02). There was no change in night‐time mean glucose.ConclusionsFrequent interruptions of prolonged sitting with 3 min of light‐intensity walking breaks every 15 min improves fasting glucose, the dawn phenomenon and night‐time glycaemic variability, and this might be a simple therapeutic intervention to improve glucose control.Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02738996
Economic and ecological importance of termites: A global review
Authors: Govorushko Sergey 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this review article, the positive and negative impacts of termites on ecosystems and human activities are examined. Various ecosystem services provided by termites – their importance as a food resource for humans, wildlife and domestic animals – are discussed, along with the use of these insects in scientific research and in folk and traditional medicine. Some insufficiently studied properties of termites (their ability to perceive the radiation of radioactive substances, electric fields and magnetic fields), as well as the use of termites in bionics, are described. Special attention is paid to the use of termite mounds for different purposes (e.g. in mineral deposit searches, in medical applications, as furnaces for copper smelting, for storage of some nuts, as burial sites, for gathering of edible mushrooms of the genus Termitomyces and as fertilizer). Examples of such use in different countries are given. This article reviews the activities of termites as pests of agriculture and forestry, including crops that are most affected, and termites as structural pests (e.g. wooden structures, household furniture, books and museum collections). Examples of termites’ malicious activities in different parts of the world are provided. Information on the invasions of termites is given, and the main areas of expansion of their habitat are described. The economic loss caused by termites in some countries and the world as a whole are presented. The article also lists the most economically important termite species in the world.
Knockdown of rotund gene through larval RNA interference affects genital and elytral morphology in the ground beetle Carabus maiyasanus (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Sota Teiji , Sugawara Hisashi , Fujisawa Tomochika , Fujimaki Kotaro , Niimi Teruyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInterspecific variation in genital morphology contributes to prezygotic reproductive isolation in many insect species. However, developmental genes affecting genital morphology are poorly understood. We undertook larval RNA interference (RNAi) experiments with rotund (rn) gene in the ground beetle Carabus (Ohomopterus) maiyasanus to examine the knockdown effects of this gene on genital development. We injected double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) into third instar larvae of C. maiyasanus. The injection of rn dsRNA resulted in the absence or deformation of the copulatory piece in the male genitalia, which is a characteristic part playing a role in species‐specific genital coupling between the sexes. In addition, the rn dsRNA injection resulted in shortened elytra in both sexes, which is related to the known role of rn in forewing formation in Drosophila. Our study suggests that rn plays a previously underappreciated role in male genital development and potentially contributes to genital diversity in this beetle group.